bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ibudilast on central and peripheral markers of inflammation in alcohol use disorder: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Grodin Erica N. , Nieto Steven J. , Meredith Lindsay R. , Burnette Elizabeth , O'Neill Joseph , Alger Jeffry , London Edythe D. , Miotto Karen , Evans Christopher J. , Irwin Michael R. , Ray Lara A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIbudilast, a neuroimmune modulator, shows promise as a pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD). In vivo administration of ibudilast reduces the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in animal models, but its effects on markers of inflammation in humans are unknown. This preliminary study examined the effect of ibudilast on peripheral and potential central markers of inflammation in individuals with AUD. This study also explored the predictive relationship of neurometabolite markers with subsequent drinking in the trial. Non‐treatment‐seeking individuals with an AUD (n = 52) were randomized to receive oral ibudilast (n = 24) or placebo (n = 28) for 2 weeks. Plasma levels of peripheral inflammatory markers were measured at baseline and after 1 and 2 weeks of medication. At study mid‐point, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed to measure potential neurometabolite markers of inflammation: choline‐compounds (Cho),myo‐inositol (MI) and creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr) in frontal and cingulate cortices from 43 participants (ibudilast:n = 20; placebo:n = 23). The treatment groups were compared on peripheral and central markers. Ibudilast‐treated participants had lower Cho in superior frontal white matter and nominally lower MI in pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. Ibudilast‐treated participants had nominally lower C‐reactive protein levels at visit 2 and nominally lower TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratios, relative to placebo. C‐reactive protein and Cho levels were correlated, controlling for medication. Superior frontal white matter Cho predicted drinking in the following week. Micro‐longitudinal ibudilast treatment may induce peripheral and putative central anti‐inflammatory responses in patients with AUD. The neurometabolite responses may be associated with reduction in drinking, suggesting an anti‐inflammatory component to the therapeutic action of ibudilast.
Clinician views and experiences of non‐invasive prenatal genetic screening tests in Australia
Authors: McKinn Shannon , Javid Nasrin , Newson Ainsley J. , Freeman Lucinda , Bonner Carissa , Shand Antonia W. , Nassar Natasha , Bell Katy J.L. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundNon‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is being increasingly used by expectant parents. Much provision of this test in Australia is occurring in clinical settings where specialised genetic counselling is unavailable, such as general practice. Potential psychosocial consequences from this kind of prenatal genetic screening remain largely unexplored.AimsTo explore clinicians' experiences with NIPS for aneuploidy, their perspectives of the benefits and harms of NIPS, clinicians' information needs, and their perceptions of the needs of expectant parents.Materials and MethodsQualitative, semi‐structured interviews with 17 health professionals (clinical geneticists, obstetricians, genetic counsellors and general practitioners) who request and counsel for NIPS in Australian hospital and private practice settings, conducted between June 2019 and February 2020.ResultsFive themes were identified relating to clinicians' perceptions and experiences of NIPS in their practice: perceived benefits of NIPS, perceived harms of NIPS (with two subthemes: clinical harms and psychosocial harms), financial and equity‐related concerns, counselling as a protective buffer against perceived harms, and clinicians' unmet education needs. While clinicians view NIPS as a useful and high‐quality screening test, especially for detection of common trisomies, many participants had concerns about how NIPS has been implemented in practice, particularly the quality (and often absence) of pre‐/post‐test counselling and the routinisation of testing for sex chromosome aneuploidies, microdeletion and microduplication syndromes.ConclusionThese findings support the need for targeted clinician training around NIPS, and for a shared decision‐making approach to support expectant parents' autonomous decisions about NIPS.
Increased COX‐2 after ureter obstruction attenuates fibrosis and is associated with EP2 receptor upregulation in mouse and human kidney
Authors: Tofteng Signe S. , Nilsson Line , Mogensen Amalie K. , Nørregaard Rikke , Nüsing Rolf , Diatchikhine Mikhail , Lund Lars , Bistrup Claus , Jensen Boye L. , Madsen Kirsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) activity protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis early in experimental kidney injury. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that COX‐2 activity attenuates fibrosis and preserves microvasculature in injured kidney. The murine unilateral ureteral‐obstruction (UUO) model of kidney fibrosis was employed and compared with human nephrectomy tissue with and without chronic hydronephrosis.MethodsFibrosis and angiogenic markers were quantified in kidney tissue from wild‐type and COX‐2−/− mice subjected to UUO for 7 days and in human kidney tissue. COX‐enzymes, prostaglandin (PG) synthases, PG receptors, PGE2, and thromboxane were determined in human tissue.ResultsCOX‐2 immunosignal was observed in interstitial fibroblasts at baseline and after UUO. Fibronectin, collagen I, III, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, and fibroblast specific protein‐1 mRNAs increased significantly more after UUO in COX‐2−/− vs wild‐type mice. In vitro, fibroblasts from COX‐2−/− kidneys showed higher matrix synthesis. Compared to control, human hydronephrotic kidneys showed (i) fibrosis, (ii) no significant changes in COX‐2, COX‐1, PGE2‐, and prostacyclin synthases, and prostacyclin and thromboxane receptor mRNAs, (iii) increased mRNA and protein of PGE2‐EP2 receptor level but unchanged PGE2 tissue concentration, and (iv) two‐ to threefold increased thromboxane synthase mRNA and protein levels, and increased thromboxane B2 tissue concentration in cortex and outer medulla.ConclusionCOX‐2 protects in the early phase against obstruction‐induced fibrosis and maintains angiogenic factors. Increased PGE2‐EP2 receptor in obstructed human and murine kidneys could contribute to protection.
The effects of body scan meditation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gan Ruochen , Zhang Liuyi , Chen Shulin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStandardized mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) has been proved to be effective across many populations while the time commitment for the standardized intervention leads to high attrition rate. To address the problem, there has been a growing interest in conducting a single component of MBSR such as body scan. However, the impact of a sole mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body scan meditation. A search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Cochrance, Proquest Dissertations, and Theses, was conducted for randomized controlled trials with no population restriction. Fourteen independent articles were identified and outcomes were divided into seven categories. A meta‐analysis with robust variance estimation was conducted separately for different outcome categories. Body scan only had small effect on mindfulness when compared with passive control (Hedge's g = .268, 95% CI = [0.032, 0.504], p < .05). The attrition rate of long‐term interventions was low. The quality of these studies was low. There was high heterogeneity across studies. A sole body scan meditation is not effective enough to improve health‐related outcomes.
You raise me up and I reciprocate: Linking empowering leadership to organizational citizenship behavior and unethical pro‐organizational behavior
Authors: Wang Honglei , Zhang Yejun , Li Peikai , Henry Sarah E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough empowering leadership is generally thought to be beneficial to employees and organizations, an emerging stream of work shows its potential negative impact. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we propose an integrated model that simultaneously examines the benefits and costs of empowering leadership. Specifically, we propose that team‐level empowering leadership can relate to both organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and unethical pro‐organizational behavior (UPB). We also examine the mediating role of employee workplace status and the moderating role of felt obligation in these processes. Using data from 301 employees and 57 leaders across two time points, we found that team‐level empowering leadership linked to leader‐rated OCB and employee‐rated UPB through workplace status. However, the positive indirect effect of team‐level empowering leadership on OCB was significant only when employees' felt obligation was high, and the indirect effect of team‐level empowering leadership on UPB was positive and significant only when employees' felt obligation was low. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings, as well as future research directions.
Police recruits' predicted and felt emotions during organizational socialization
Authors: Wong Carol M. , Craig Lydia , Bradley‐Geist Jill , Kaplan Seth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch on the honeymoon‐hangover effect suggests that newcomers experience an initial upward increase in job attitudes and motivation upon beginning a new job, followed by a subsequent decline. However, little empirical work has been done to investigate how newcomers feel during this period of adjustment. Despite its relevance, the affective forecasting literature has also not been incorporated in the context of newcomers. In this study, we examined fluctuations in police recruits' predicted and felt emotions (i.e., happiness, anxiety, and anger) during organizational socialization (i.e., 6‐month police academy training). Our results indicated that while their felt happiness did not change significantly, their anxiety and anger levels increased over time, which indicates that their felt affect exhibited a different pattern from that of the honeymoon‐hangover effect. We also found that police recruits' forecasts about their future emotions during the socialization period were generally inaccurate, which is in line with the general affective forecasting literature. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
The effect of hydrolyzed sesame meal protein on the quality and shelf life of hamburgers during refrigerated storage
Authors: Ghanbarinia Shabnam , Ariaii Peiman , Safari Reza , Najafian Leila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, to improve the quality and shelf life of hamburgers, sesame meal protein hydrolysates (SPH) were produced using two enzymes of alcalase and flavourzyme and then four hamburger treatments: T1: control (10% soybean), T2: 1% SPH + soybean 9%, T3: 2% SPH + soybean 8%, and T4: 3% SPH + soybean 7% were prepared. Physicochemical properties were analyzed at the beginning of the storage period; microbial and chemical quality was evaluated at intervals of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. The results of SPH showed that alcalase enzyme can produce a SPH with a higher antioxidant properties (DPPH, FRAP, and beta‐carotene‐linoleic acid) (P < 0.05); therefore, this SPH was used for hamburger properties. According to the results, with the addition of SPH, moisture, fat, texture firmness decreased, protein, and brightness increased (P < 0.05), and all treatments had the allowable range. SPH replacement with soybean slowed down the increasing trend of oxidation and microbial spoilage (P < 0.05). In general, better results were observed in T3 and T4, which had a permissible range chemical and microbial index until the end of the storage period, as well as these treatments inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Only T3 was approved by the evaluators.
RNA‐Seq reveals the functional specificity of epididymal caput, corpus, and cauda genes of cattleyak
Authors: Lang Xia , Adjei Michael , Wang Cailian , Chen Xiaoying , Li Chunhai , Wang Peng , Pan Meilan , Li Kerui , Shahzad Khuram , Zhao Wangsheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe first filial generation of the cattleyaks demonstrates hybrid vigor; however, the male cattleyaks are infertile and restrict productivity and breeding. The discovery of genes in a segment‐specific approach offers valuable information and understanding concerning fertility status, yet the biology of cattleyak epididymis is still progressing. Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on segment pairs of cattleyak epididymis. The caput versus corpus epididymis provided the highest (57.8%) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), corpus versus cauda (25.1%) followed, whereas caput versus cauda pair (17.1%) had the least DEGs. The expression levels of genes coding EPHB6, TLR1, MUC20, MT3, INHBB, TRPV5, EI24, PAOX, KIF12, DEPDC5, and KRT25, which might have the potentials to regulate the homeostasis, innate immunity, differentiation, motility, transport, and sperm maturation‐related function in epididymal cells, were downregulated in the distal segment of epididymis. Top enriched KEGG pathways included mTOR, axon guidance, and taste transduction signaling pathways. EIF4B, EPHB6, and TAS2R42 were enriched in the pathways, respectively. Identifying key, new, and unexplored DEGs among the epididymal segments and further analyzing them could boost cattleyak fertility by maximizing sperm quality from genetically better sires and also facilitate better understanding of the epididymal biology.
Methadone pharmacogenetics in vitro and in vivo: Metabolism by CYP2B6 polymorphic variants and genetic variability in paediatric disposition
Authors: Wang Pan‐Fen , Sharma Anshuman , Montana Michael , Neiner Alicia , Juriga Lindsay , Reddy Kavya Narayana , Tallchief Dani , Blood Jane , Kharasch Evan D. 
Published: May 2022

AimsMethadone metabolism and clearance are determined principally by polymorphic cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6). Some CYP2B6 allelic variants affect methadone metabolism in vitro and disposition in vivo. We assessed methadone metabolism by CYP2B6 minor variants in vitro. We also assessed the influence of CYP2B6 variants, and P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and CYP2C19 variants, on methadone clearance in surgical patients in vivo.MethodsCYP2B6 and P450 oxidoreductase variants were coexpressed with cytochrome b5. The metabolism of methadone racemate and enantiomers was measured at therapeutic concentrations and intrinsic clearances were determined. Adolescents receiving methadone for surgery were genotyped for CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and POR, and methadone clearance and metabolite formation clearance were determined.ResultsIn vitro, CYP2B6.4 was more active than wild‐type CYP2B6.1. CYPs 2B6.5, 2B6.6, 2B6.7, 2B6.9, 2B6.17, 2B6.19 and 2B6.26 were less active. CYPs 2B6.16 and 2B6.18 were inactive. CYP2B6.1 expressed with POR variants POR.28, POR.5 and P228L had lower rates of methadone metabolism than wild‐type reductase. In vivo, methadone clinical clearance decreased linearly with the number of CYP2B6 slow metabolizer alleles, but was not different in CYP2C19 slow or rapid metabolizer phenotypes, or in carriers of the POR*28 allele.ConclusionsSeveral CYP2B6 and POR variants were slow metabolizers of methadone in vitro. Polymorphisms in CYP2B6, but not CYP2C19 or P450 reductase, affected methadone clearance in vivo. CYP2B6 polymorphisms 516G>T and 983T>C code for canonical loss of function variants and should be assessed when considering genetic influences on clinical methadone disposition. These complementary translational in vitro and in vivo results inform on pharmacogenetic variability affecting methadone disposition in patients.
Motivation towards novel learning content: Perceived similarity of learning content, but not need for cognition, moderates the generalization of motivation
Authors: Gorges Julia , Schmidt Leonie Christina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe generalization of established motivation hypothesis states that individuals use established motivational beliefs to predict motivational beliefs regarding novel learning content on the basis of the perceived similarity between academic domains.AimsThis study tests the generalization hypothesis by investigating the assumed moderating role of the extent of perceived similarity between known and novel learning content and need for cognition (NFC).Sample(s)Participants were adult students (n = 576) from various study programs (Study 1) and non‐students (n = 628) of whom the majority held at least a bachelor's degree (Study 2).MethodsIn this prospective correlational survey study, we used online self‐report measures to assess participants’ self‐concept of ability (SCA) and intrinsic task value (ITV) regarding their established and anticipated motivational beliefs regarding a set of school subjects (known learning content) and fields of study (novel learning content), perceptions of similarity, and their NFC. Data was analysed using structural equation modelling with latent interaction variables.ResultsWe found support for the generalization hypothesis and documented that the perceived similarity moderated the generalizing effect (i.e., SCA and ITV had stronger predictive validity for learning content that was perceived as more similar). However, the results obtained for the moderating effect of NFC were mostly nonsignificant.ConclusionIndividuals generalize established motivation regarding known learning content to anticipated motivation regarding novel learning content perceived as being similar. The extent of perceived similarity enhances this effect, whereas NFC does not. Future research should address the underlying automatic and deliberate cognitive processes of generalization.
For to all those who have, will more be given? Evidence from the adoption of the SELFIE tool for the digital capacity of schools in Spain
Authors: Castaño Muñoz Jonatan , Pokropek Artur , Weikert García Lilian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper explores participation trends in interventions that promote self‐evaluation exercises on the effective use of digital technologies in schools. We use a unique dataset consisting of 83,185 respondents from 924 Spanish schools that used SELFIE, a tool based on self‐reflection questionnaires that capture different dimensions of school's digital capacity. We benefit from a natural experiment situation caused by the parallel use of SELFIE by two groups of schools. The first group was externally selected as part of a representative sample of Spanish schools. Conversely, the second group voluntarily decided to use SELFIE as a diagnostic tool for a subsequent self‐evaluation exercise. Moreover, a subset of schools were located in regions where authorities embedded SELFIE in broader digitalisation programmes. By comparing these groups, it is shown that schools that decide to participate in SELFIE voluntarily are those with a lower initial digitalisation level. It is also found that the promotion of the use of SELFIE as part of public interventions can increase participation but mainly attracts digitally advanced schools. In conclusion, policy interventions aiming to develop the digital capacity of schools need to plan how to reach those schools that need it more in order to be more equitable.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Research has shown the existence of a Matthew effect in the usage of digital technologies in education.

The promotion of schools self‐evaluation exercises on digital education is a common policy intervention that is growing in importance.

There is a surprising lack of attention to the inequitable effects that programmes aiming to incorporate technologies in educational institutions may generate.

What this paper adds

This paper investigates the self‐selection trends and (un)equity effects of SELFIE, an EU programme designed to prompt schools' self‐evaluations of digital capacity.

When schools decide autonomously, schools with low digital capacity levels tend to participate in SELFIE more.

Incorporation of SELFIE into broader public programmes enlarges participation in SELFIE.

Incorporation of SELFIE into broader public programmes over‐attracts digitally advanced schools.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Public policies promoting self‐evaluation exercises on school digital capacity in schools might be a good way for upscaling these exercises.

However, these policies should be carefully designed to reduce inequalities and reach these schools that need digitalisation more.
An unusual case of comedones
Authors: Haywood Sophia , Barker Ruth , Blakeway-Manning Elizabeth , Walton Shernaz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present the case of a 71-year-old woman with widespread comedones since adolescence. Histological examination revealed branching hyperpigmented rete ridges and cystically dilated follicular infundibulum containing laminated keratinous debris. We explore the differential diagnosis in the context of other reticulate hyperpigmentation disorders.
Heart transplant recipient 1‐year outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Esmailian Gabriel , Patel Nikhil , Patel Jignesh K. , Czer Lawrence , Rafiei Matthew , Megna Dominick , Emerson Dominic , Ramzy Danny , Trento Alfredo , Chikwe Joanna , Esmailian Fardad , Kobashigawa Jon A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic initially brought forth considerable challenges to the field of heart transplantation. To prevent the spread of the virus and protect immunocompromised recipients, our center made the following modifications to post‐transplant outpatient management: eliminating early coronary angiograms, video visits for postoperative months 7, 9, and 11, and home blood draws for immunosuppression adjustments. To assess if these changes have impacted patient outcomes, the current study examines 1‐year outcomes for patients transplanted during the pandemic. Between March and September 2020, we assessed 50 heart transplant patients transplanted during the pandemic. These patients were compared to patients who were transplanted during the same months between 2011 and 2019 (n = 482). Endpoints included subsequent 1‐year survival, freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy, any‐treated rejection, acute cellular rejection, antibody‐mediated rejection, nonfatal major adverse cardiac events (NF‐MACE), and hospital and ICU length of stay. Patients transplanted during the pandemic had similar 1‐year endpoints compared to those of patients transplanted from years prior apart from 1‐year freedom from NF‐MACE which was significantly higher for patients transplanted during the pandemic. Despite necessary changes being made to outpatient management of heart transplant recipients, heart transplantation continues to be safe and effective with similar 1‐year outcomes to years prior.
Sticky wages in a world of ideas
Authors: Huang Kevin X. D. , Katayama Munechika , Shintani Mototsugu , Tsuruga Takayuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the implications of idea production and knowledge capital for monetary business cycles. We construct a sticky‐wage model where workers produce goods based on firm‐specific knowledge capital and researchers develop new ideas aided by economywide knowledge. As a quantitatively small group in the economy, researchers are inconsequential for the real effects of monetary shocks when the returns to research are low. However, when the returns to research are high, the result can be overturned. Monetary shocks can have significant real effects, even if wages are perfectly flexible for workers, who are quantitatively dominant in the economy.