bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal genetic analysis of semen production traits in Holstein bulls according to a random regression animal models on age
Authors: Fujimoto Ikuko , Hanamure Takeshi , Baba Toshimi , Kawakami Junpei , Hagiya Koichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere we used random regression animal models (RRAMs) to investigate genetic change over age in the semen volume (VOL) and sperm concentration (CON) of Holstein bulls. We used 35,294 collection records from 1284 Holstein bulls and their 4166 pedigree records. The models included year and month of collection, collection place, collection method, and number of collections attempted for each day and month of age (second‐order regressions) as fixed effects; technician as a random effect; and additive genetic and permanent environment as random regressions (first‐order regressions). We examined two RRAMs with homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances (RRAM1 and RRAM2, respectively). By using RRAM1, heritability for VOL and CON increased from 0.08 to 0.61 and 0.18 to 0.57, respectively, between 10 and 126 months of age. By using RRAM2, heritability for VOL increased from 0.11 to 0.28 between 10 and 24 months of age for young bulls and increased from 0.08 to 0.48 between 25 and 126 months of age for mature bulls; heritability for CON ranged from 0.18 to 0.19 for young bulls and increased from 0.10 to 0.48 for mature bulls. Posterior genetic correlations between young ages and older ages were strongly positive for VOLs but weak for CONs.
Patch test results with the European baseline series, 2019/20—Joint European results of the ESSCA and the EBS working groups of the ESCD, and the GEIDAC
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Wilkinson S. Mark , Aerts Olivier , Bauer Andrea , Borrego Leopoldo , Brans Richard , Buhl Timo , Dickel Heinrich , Dugonik Aleksandra , Filon Francesca Larese , Garcìa Pedro Mercader , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , Patruno Cataldo , Pesonen Maria , Pónyai Györgyi , Rustemeyer Thomas , Schubert Steffen , Schuttelaar Marie‐L. A. , Simon Dagmar , Stingeni Luca , Valiukevičienė Skaidra , Weisshaar Elke , Werfel Thomas , Gonçalo Margarida ,   for the ESSCA and EBS ESCD working groups, and the GEIDAC
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinual analyses of patch test results with the European baseline series (EBS) serve both contact allergy surveillance and auditing the value of included allergens.ObjectivesTo present results of current EBS patch testing, obtained in 53 departments in 13 European countries during 2019 and 2020.MethodsAnonymised or pseudonymised individual data and partly aggregated data on demographic/clinical characteristics and patch test rest results with the EBS were prospectively collected and centrally pooled and analysed.ResultsIn 2019 and 2020, 22 581 patients were patch tested with the EBS. Sensitization to nickel remained most common (19.8 [19.2–20.4]% positivity [95% confidence interval]). Fragrance mix I and Myroxylon pereirae yielded very similar results with 6.80 (6.43–7.19)% and 6.62 (6.25–7.00)% positivity, respectively. Formaldehyde at 2% aq. yielded almost one percentage point more positive reactions than 1% concentration (2.49 [2.16–2.85]% vs. 1.59 [1.33–1.88]); methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI alone up to around 5% positives. Among the new additions, propolis was most commonly positive (3.48 [3.16–3.82]%), followed by 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2.32 [2.0–2.68]%).ConclusionOngoing surveillance on the prevalence of contact sensitization contributes to an up‐to‐date baseline series containing the most frequent and/or relevant contact sensitizers for routine patch testing in Europe.
What Can Cognitive Science Do for People?
Authors: Prather Richard W. , Benitez Viridiana L. , Brooks Lauren Kendall , Dancy Christopher L. , Dilworth‐Bart Janean , Dutra Natalia B. , Faison M. Omar , Figueroa Megan , Holden LaTasha R. , Johnson Cameron , Medrano Josh , Miller‐Cotto Dana , Matthews Percival G. , Manly Jennifer J. , Thomas Ayanna K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe critical question for cognitive scientists is what does cognitive science do, if anything, for people? Cognitive science is primarily concerned with human cognition but has fallen short in continuously and critically assessing the who in human cognition. This complacency in a world where white supremacist and patriarchal structures leave cognitive science in the unfortunate position of potentially supporting those structures. We take it that many cognitive scientists operate on the assumption that the study of human cognition is both interesting and important. We want to invoke that importance to note that cognitive scientists must continue to work to show how the field is useful to all of humanity and reflects a humanity that is not white by default. We wonder how much the field has done, and can do, to show that it is useful not only in the sense that we might make connections with researchers in other fields, win grants and write papers, even of the highest quality, but useful in some material way to the billions of non‐cognitive scientists across the globe.
Safeguarding human–wildlife cooperation
Authors: van der Wal Jessica E. M. , Spottiswoode Claire N. , Uomini Natalie T. , Cantor Mauricio , Daura‐Jorge Fábio G. , Afan Anap I. , Attwood Mairenn C. , Amphaeris Jenny , Balasani Fatima , Begg Colleen M. , Blair Cameron J. , Bronstein Judith L. , Buanachique Iahaia O. , Cuthill Rion R. T. , Das Jewel , Deb Apurba , Dixit Tanmay , Dlamini Gcina S. , Dounias Edmond , Gedi Isa I. , Gruber Martin , Hoffmann Lilian S. , Holzlehner Tobias , Isack Hussein A. , Laltaika Eliupendo A. , Lloyd‐Jones David J. , Lund Jess , Machado Alexandre M. S. , Mahadevan L. , Moreno Ignacio B. , Nwaogu Chima J. , Pereira Valdomiro L. , Pierotti Raymond , Rucunua Seliano A. , dos Santos Wilson F. , Serpa Nathalia , Smith Brian D. , Tolkova Irina , Tun Tint , Valle‐Pereira João V. S. , Wood Brian M. , Wrangham Richard W. , Cram Dominic L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman–wildlife cooperation occurs when humans and free‐living wild animals actively coordinate their behavior to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome. These interactions provide important benefits to both the human and wildlife communities involved, have wider impacts on the local ecosystem, and represent a unique intersection of human and animal cultures. The remaining active forms are human–honeyguide and human–dolphin cooperation, but these are at risk of joining several inactive forms (including human–wolf and human–orca cooperation). Human–wildlife cooperation faces a unique set of conservation challenges, as it requires multiple components—a motivated human and wildlife partner, a suitable environment, and compatible interspecies knowledge—which face threats from ecological and cultural changes. To safeguard human–wildlife cooperation, we recommend: (i) establishing ethically sound conservation strategies together with the participating human communities; (ii) conserving opportunities for human and wildlife participation; (iii) protecting suitable environments; (iv) facilitating cultural transmission of traditional knowledge; (v) accessibly archiving Indigenous and scientific knowledge; and (vi) conducting long‐term empirical studies to better understand these interactions and identify threats. Tailored safeguarding plans are therefore necessary to protect these diverse and irreplaceable interactions. Broadly, our review highlights that efforts to conserve biological and cultural diversity should carefully consider interactions between human and animal cultures.Please see AfricanHoneyguides.com/abstract‐translations for Kiswahili and Portuguese translations of the abstract.
Effects of frequency and season of fire on a metapopulation of an imperiled butterfly in a longleaf pine forest
Authors: Jue Dean K. , Merwin Andrew C. , Jue Sally Short , McElveen Dave , Inouye Brian D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMaintaining fire‐dependent habitat for species of conservation concern often requires a balancing act between the short‐term costs of direct mortality caused by fires and the long‐term benefits of ensuring high‐quality habitat. To reduce risk to threatened populations, land managers may need to adjust the frequency with which they burn sites and, likely, mitigate the short‐term costs of prescribed fires by not burning during a species' life stages that may be especially sensitive to fires. Few, if any, studies have investigated burn regimes for butterflies in longleaf pine forests—a once dominant habitat in the southeast United States—despite a long history and frequent usage of prescribed burns in these ecosystems. We surveyed a recently discovered metapopulation of frosted elfin (Callophrys irus) butterflies residing in longleaf pine forest over seven years at sites across nine management units with differing fire return intervals and fire seasonalities. We observed dramatic population declines after burns, with no adults observed at some sites in subsequent years. Our analyses demonstrate that populations may need at least three to 4 years to recover, and that burns in the spring, when frosted elfin eggs and larvae are found on hostplants, should be avoided if possible. In fact, our model suggests that the largest spring‐burned sites have fewer than 20% of the adult elfins the year following a fire than do sites burned in other seasons. Land managers seeking to conserve frosted elfins and other butterflies with similar life histories may need to burn at times of the year that reduce direct mortality and with fire return intervals that are longer than the one‐ to two‐year intervals recommended by some for maximizing the diversity of the herbaceous understory in longleaf pine forests.
Pre‐transplant immune cell function assay as a predictor of early cardiac allograft rejection
Authors: Maidman Samuel D. , Gidea Claudia , Reyentovich Alex , Rao Shaline , Saraon Tajinderpal , Kadosh Bernard S. , Narula Navneet , Carillo Julius , Smith Deane , Moazami Nader , Katz Stuart , Goldberg Randal I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionImmuKnow, an immune cell function assay that quantifies overall immune system activity can assist in post‐transplant immunosuppression adjustment. However, the utility of pre‐transplant ImmuKnow results representing a patient's baseline immune system activity is unknown. This study sought to assess if pre‐transplant ImmuKnow results are predictive of rejection at the time of first biopsy in our cardiac transplant population.MethodsThis is a single center, retrospective observational study of consecutive patients from January 1, 2018 to October 1, 2020 who underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation at NYU Langone Health. Patients were excluded if a pre‐transplant ImmuKnow assay was not performed. ImmuKnow results were categorized according to clinical interpretation ranges (low, moderate, and high activity), and patients were divided into two groups: a low activity group versus a combined moderate‐high activity group. Pre‐transplant clinical characteristics, induction immunosuppression use, early postoperative tacrolimus levels, and first endomyocardial biopsy results were collected for all patients. Rates of clinically significant early rejection (defined as rejection ≥ 1R/1B) were compared between pre‐transplant ImmuKnow groups.ResultsOf 110 patients who underwent cardiac transplant, 81 had pre‐transplant ImmuKnow results. The low ImmuKnow activity group was comprised of 15 patients, and 66 patients were in the combined moderate‐high group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Early rejection occurred in 0 (0%) patients with low pre‐transplant ImmuKnow levels. Among the moderate‐ high pre‐transplant ImmuKnow group, 16 (24.2%) patients experienced early rejection (P = .033). The mean ImmuKnow level in the non‐rejection group was the 364.9 ng/ml of ATP compared to 499.3 ng/ml of ATP for those with rejection (P = .020).ConclusionPatients with low pre‐transplant ImmuKnow levels had lower risk of early rejection when compared with patients with moderate or high levels. Our study suggests a possible utility in performing pre‐transplant ImmuKnow to identify patients at‐risk for early rejection who may benefit from intensified upfront immunosuppression as well as to recognize those where slower calcineurin inhibitor initiation may be appropriate.
Recent advances and clinical pharmacology aspects of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T‐cellular therapy development
Authors: Kast Johannes , Nozohouri Saeideh , Zhou Di , Yago Marc R. , Chen Po‐Wei , Ahamadi Malidi , Dutta Sandeep , Upreti Vijay V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdvances in immuno‐oncology have provided a variety of novel therapeutics that harness the innate immune system to identify and destroy neoplastic cells. It is noteworthy that acceptable safety profiles accompany the development of these targeted therapies, which result in efficacious cancer treatment with higher survival rates and lower toxicities. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) has shown promising results in inducing sustainable remissions in patients suffering from refractory diseases. Two main types of ACT include engineered Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells and T cell receptor (TCR) T cells. The application of these immuno‐therapies in the last few years has been successful and has demonstrated a safe and rapid treatment regimen for solid and non‐solid tumors. The current review presents an insight into the clinical pharmacology aspects of immuno‐therapies, especially CAR‐T cells. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of TCR and CAR‐T cell immunotherapy with particular focus on the structure of CAR‐T cells, the effects and toxicities associated with these therapies in clinical trials, risk mitigation strategies, dose selection approaches, and cellular kinetics. Finally, the quantitative approaches and modeling techniques used in the development of CAR‐T cell therapies are described.
Obesity‐associated metabolites in relation to type 2 diabetes risk: A prospective nested case‐control study of the CARRS cohort
Authors: Ali Mohammed K. , Kadir M. Masood , Gujral Unjali P. , Fatima Syeda Sadia , Iqbal Romaina , Sun Yan V. , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Ahmad Shafqat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine whether obesity‐associated metabolites are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk among South Asians.Materials and MethodsSerum‐based nuclear magnetic resonance imaging metabolomics data were generated from two South Asian population‐based prospective cohorts from Karachi, Pakistan: CARRS1 (N = 4017) and CARRS2 (N = 4802). Participants in both cohorts were followed up for 5 years and incident T2DM was ascertained. A nested case‐control study approach was developed to select participants from CARRS1 (Ncases = 197 and Ncontrols = 195) and CARRS2 (Ncases = 194 and Ncontrols = 200), respectively. First, we investigated the association of 224 metabolites with general obesity based on body mass index and with central obesity based on waist‐hip ratio, and then the top obesity‐associated metabolites were studied in relation to incident T2DM.ResultsIn a combined sample of the CARRS1 and CARRS2 cohorts, out of 224 metabolites, 12 were associated with general obesity and, of these, one was associated with incident T2DM. Fifteen out of 224 metabolites were associated with central obesity and, of these, 10 were associated with incident T2DM. The higher level of total cholesterol in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) was associated with reduced T2DM risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53, 0.86; P = 1.2 × 10−3), while higher cholesterol esters in large very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles were associated with increased T2DM risk (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.40, 2.58; P = 3.5 × 10−5).ConclusionTotal cholesterol in HDL and cholesterol esters in large VLDL particles may be an important biomarker in the identification of early development of obesity‐associated T2DM risk among South Asian adults.
Cognitive functioning, cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and cerebral glucose metabolism in late‐onset epilepsy of unknown aetiology: A prospective study
Authors: Fernandes Mariana , Manfredi Natalia , Aluisantonio Lavinia , Franchini Flaminia , Chiaravalloti Agostino , Izzi Francesca , Di Santo Simona , Schillaci Orazio , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Placidi Fabio , Liguori Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEpilepsy is increasing, being more common in older adults, with more than 20% of late‐onset cases with unknown aetiology (LOEU). Although epilepsy was associated with cognitive impairment, few studies evaluated the trajectories of cognitive decline in patients with LOEU. The present study aimed at assessing biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with LOEU and evaluating their cognitive performance for 12 months. For this study, 55 patients diagnosed with LOEU and 21 controls were included. Participants underwent cognitive evaluation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analysis (ß‐amyloid42, tau proteins) before starting anti‐seizure medication and then repeated the cognitive evaluation at the 12‐month follow‐up. A subgroup of LOEU patients and controls also performed 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET) before starting anti‐seizure medication. At baseline, LOEU patients showed lower Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, worse cognitive performance in several domains, lower β‐amyloid42 and higher tau proteins CSF levels than controls. Significantly reduced glucose consumption was observed in the right posterior cingulate cortex and left praecuneus areas in LOEU patients than controls, and this finding correlated with memory impairment. In the longitudinal analysis, a significant decrease in MMSE and an increase in verbal fluency scores were found in LOEU patients. These findings evidence that LOEU patients have a significant cognitive impairment, and alteration of cerebral glucose consumption and CSF AD biomarkers than controls. Moreover, they showed a progressive global cognitive decline at follow‐up, although verbal fluency was preserved. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiological aspects of LOEU and its association with AD.
Recombinant human erythropoietin upregulates PPARγ through the PI3K/Akt pathway to protect neurons in rats subjected to oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Huqing , Chen Ming , Zhang Tao , Gao Zhen , Gong Yu , Yu Xiaorui , Wu Haiqin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn vitro cell experiments have suggested that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation exert protective effects on neurons. This study observed the learning and memory ability, antioxidant capacity and the ratio of apoptotic cells after rhEPO intervention and investigated the relationship among rhEPO, PI3K/Akt and PPARγ in the anti‐neural oxidative stress injury process in vivo. The results showed that rhEPO significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of rats subjected to oxidative stress, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of cells, and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Then, the PI3K/Akt and PPARγ pathways were inhibited, and TUNEL staining were used to observe the changes in the effect of rhEPO. After the PI3K/Akt and PPARγ pathways were inhibited, the effect of rhEPO on rats subjected to oxidative stress was significantly weakened, suggesting that both the PI3K/Akt and PPARγ pathways are involved in the process by which rhEPO protects neurons. Finally, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the changes in PI3K/Akt and PPARγ signalling proteins in the neurons after the rhEPO intervention and to explore the relationship among the three. The results showed that rhEPO significantly increased the levels of the p‐Akt and PPARγ proteins and the level of the PPARγ protein in the nucleus, indicating that the PI3K/Akt pathway was located upstream of and regulates PPARγ. In conclusion, this study suggested that rhEPO activates the PI3K/Akt to upregulate PPARγ, enhance the cellular antioxidant capacity, and protect neurons in rats subjected to oxidative stress.
Postoperative exercising endoscopy of the equine upper respiratory tract
Authors: Barakzai Safia Z. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryInvestigation of horses that continue to make noise or perform poorly after upper respiratory surgery is greatly enhanced by postoperative exercising endoscopy in most cases. This review paper discusses dynamic abnormalities of the equine upper respiratory tract that occur after the most commonly performed upper respiratory tract surgeries.
Melanocortin‐1 receptor influence in equine opioid sensitivity
Authors: Bacon Elouise K. , Donnelly Callum G. , Bellone Rebecca R. , Finno Carrie J. , Velie Brandon D. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIndividual variation in opioid sensitivity can have a profound impact on the safety and efficacy of equine veterinary treatments, with the ability to adequately manage equine pain in a clinical setting currently limited. This review aims to explore the overlap between biological mechanisms associated with opioid metabolism and those mechanisms associated with coat colour in horses as has been documented in humans, with particular focus on the melanocortin‐1 receptor(MC1R) gene. In the future, the use of theMC1Rcoat colour genotype could help to indicate variable opioid sensitivities thereby greatly improving the use of opioids in clinical settings. TheMC1Rgene has a well‐established role in melanogenesis and pigment switching, but involvement in the pain‐modulating periaqueductal grey (PAG) descending pathway and in immune responses, both of which contain opioid receptors, has also been suggested in humans. However, this relationship between opioid metabolism and the connection to the three knownMC1Rvariants (EE, Eeand Eea) in horses is yet to be explored.
A reexamination of factor momentum: How strong is it?
Authors: Fan Minyou , Li Youwei , Liao Ming , Liu Jiadong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies show that most financial market anomalies exhibit a momentum effect. Based on two datasets, (i) an original 22‐factor sample and (ii) a more comprehensive 187‐factor sample, we find that factor momentum effect is weak at the individual factor level. In both samples, only about 22%– 27% of the factors exhibit strong return continuation and dominate the factor momentum portfolio while the remaining factors do not. The factor momentum strategies do not outperform the corresponding long‐only strategies in either sample. The choice of factors affects the ability of factor momentum to explain individual stock momentum.