bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moraines in the Austrian Alps Record Repeated Phases of Glacier Stabilization through the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene
Authors: Braumann Sandra M. , Schaefer Joerg M. , Neuhuber Stephanie , Fiebig Markus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate is currently warming due to anthropogenic impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. To better understand the processes and feedbacks within the climate system that underlie this accelerating warming trend, it is useful to examine past periods of abrupt climate change that were driven by natural forcings. Glaciers provide an excellent natural laboratory for reconstructing the climate of the past as they respond sensitively to climate oscillations. Therefore, we study glacier systems and their behavior during the transition from colder to warmer climate episodes, focusing on the period between 15 and 10 ka. Using a combination of geomorphological mapping and beryllium-10 surface exposure dating, we reconstruct ice extents in two glaciated valleys of the Silvretta Massif in the Austrian Alps and find that the general ice retreat during the deglaciation after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was interrupted by glacier stabilization during the Oldest Dryas to Bølling transition (moraine age: 14.4 ± 1.0 ka), during the Younger Dryas (YD; 12.9-11.7 ka), and during the Early Holocene (EH; 12–10 ka). The first moraine age group indicates a lateral stable ice margin that postdates the ‘Gschnitz’ stadial (ca. 17–16 ka) and predates the YD. It shows that local inner-alpine glaciers were larger than during the subsequent YD until the onset of the Bølling warm phase (ca. 14.6 ka), or possibly even into the Bølling. The second age group ca. 80 m below the (pre-)Bølling moraine indicates ice extents during the YD cold phase and captures the spatial and temporal fine structure of glacier retreat during this period. The ice surface lowered by 50–60 m through the YD, which is indicative of milder climate conditions at the end of the YD compared to its beginning. Finally, the third age group falls into a period of more substantial warming, the YD–EH transition, and shows discontinuous warming during the glacial to interglacial transition. The new geochronologies synthesized with pre-existing moraine records from the Silvretta Massif evidence three cold phases that punctuated the general post-LGM warming trend, and illustrate the sensitive response of Silvretta glaciers to abrupt climate oscillations in the past.
Using A Convolutional Neural Network Model To Derive Imaging Landmarks For Lumbar Spine Numbering On Axial MR Images
Authors: Cho Yongwon , Ahn Kyung-Sik , Kang Chang Ho , Park Beom Jin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Understanding the axial lumbar spine anatomy, including knowledge of the relationship between the lumbar spine level and other paraspinal structures, is important in diagnosing and treating disease. The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model in lumbar spine level numbering on axial MR images and to find the appropriate anatomic landmarks for numbering using a class activation map (CAM).Methods: A total of 6055 axial MR images of the lumbar spine from L1–2 to L5–S1 disc levels were obtained to train and validate the CNN model. The MR images were acquired using three 3-Tesla machines. The algorithm was developed with three models, and the best-performing model was selected. The external validation set (n = 493) was obtained from other institutions using various machines. The accuracy of the numbering was analyzed using a confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic curves. The CAMs were reviewed, and the identified anatomic structures were investigated. A reader study was performed by three radiologists, and their accuracy was compared with that of the model.Results: The overall accuracy of the best-performing model for lumbar spine numbering was 0.98 on internal validation and 0.95 on external validation. For the CAM review, mappings concentrated on both paraspinal areas, including the kidney, back muscles, and ilium according to the level. Top-1 and top-2 accuracies of the reviewers ranged between 0.56–0.75, and 0.84–0.93, respectively. After reviewing the CAMs, the accuracy increased to 0.75–0.78 and 0.93–0.98, respectively.Conclusion: A CNN model can accurately determine the level of the lumbar spine on axial MR images, and the configuration of muscles can be used to determine the lumbar level.
Bacterial Skin Assemblages of Sympatric Salamanders are Primarily Shaped by Host Genus
Authors: Hill Aubree , Grisnik Matthew , Walker Donald M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bacterial assemblages on the skins of amphibians are known to affect pathogen resistance and other important physiological functions in the host. Host-specific factors and the environment play significant roles in structuring skin assemblages. This study used high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and multivariate analyses to examine differences in skin-bacterial assemblages from 246 salamanders belonging to three genera in the lungless family Plethodontidae along multiple spatial and temporal gradients. Composition and α- and β-diversity of bacterial assemblages were defined, and the relative influences of host- versus environment-specific ecological factors were evaluated. At the broadest spatial scale, host genus and sampling site were both predictive of skin assemblage structure, but host-specific variation was more influential after controlling for the marginal effects of site, as well as nestedness of site. Furthermore, assemblage similarity within each host genus did not change with increasing geographic distance. At the smallest spatial scale, site-specific climate analyses revealed different relationships to climatic variables for each of the three genera, and these relationships were determined by host ecomode. Variation in bacterial assemblages of terrestrial hosts correlated with terrestrial climatic variability, and this pattern decayed with increasing water dependence. Results from this study highlight host-specific considerations for researchers studying wildlife diseases in co-occurring, yet ecologically divergent, species.
Diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test in general practice – a prospective multicenter validation and implementation study
Authors: Rohde Jörn , Himmel Wolfgang , Hofinger Clemens , Lâm Thiên-Trí , Schrader Hanna , Wallstabe Julia , Kurzai Oliver , Gágyor Ildikó 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
PCR testing is considered the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis but its results are earliest available hours to days after testing. Rapid antigen tests represent a diagnostic tool enabling testing at the point of care. To date, most rapid antigen tests were validated by the manufacturer or in controlled laboratory settings only. External validation at the point of care, particularly in general practice where the test is frequently used, is needed. Furthermore, it is unclear how well point of care tests are accepted by the practice staff.
Methods
In this prospective multicenter validation study in primary care, general practitioners included adult individuals presenting with symptoms suggesting COVID-19. Each patient was tested first with a nasopharyngeal swab for the point of care test and then with a second swab for PCR testing. Using the RT-PCR result as a reference, we calculated specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, with their 95% confidence intervals. General practitioners and medical assistants completed a survey to assess feasibility and usefulness of the point of care tests.
Results
In 40 practices in Würzburg, Germany, 1518 patients were recruited between 12/2020 and 06/2021. The point of care test achieved a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 99.5% compared to RT-PCR. With a prevalence of 9.5%, the positive predictive value was 93.9% and the negative predictive value was 97.8%. General practitioners rated the point of care test as a helpful tool to support diagnostics in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive for infection, particularly in situations where decision on further care is needed at short notice.
Conclusion
The point of care test used in this study showed a sensitivity below the manufacturer's specification (Sensitivity 96.25%) in the practice but high values for specificity and high positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Although widely accepted in the practice, measures for further patient management require a sensitive interpretation of the point of care test results.
Quality Of Life And Its Influencing Factors In Adult Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis In China
Authors: Guo Mengna , Jia Zhandong , Meng Fanli , Guo Qing , Hong Yanyan , Ma Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and quality of life of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) in coastal areas of Zhejiang Province and explore the influencing factors of quality of life.Methods: This study selected MHD patients from four hospitals in the coastal area of Zhejiang province as the research objects and collected the sociodemographic characteristics, objective physiological condition, self-feelings of health status and quality of life through questionnaire surveys. One-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the factors affecting the quality of life of MHD patients.Results: A total of 140 MHD patients were included in this study. The results showed that the average score of general physical health was 42.89±9.86, general psychological health was 46.71±7.42, kidney disease-related symptoms was 77.95±10.82, kidney disease impact was 64.98±12.03 and kidney disease-related burden was 32.01±19.35. There were significant differences in subscale scores and total scores according to different gender, age, education level, employment status, marital status, self-feelings of physical health, self-feelings of appetite status and self-feelings of sleep quality status groups(P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that patients with poor self-feelings of physical health status, poor self-feelings of appetite status and poor self-feelings of sleep quality had worse quality of life(P<0.05).Conclusion: Self-feelings of physical health status, self-feelings of appetite status and self-feelings of sleep quality are the main factors affecting the quality of life of MHD patients. Medical staff need to pay more attention to the self-feelings of health status of MHD patients, so as to improve the quality of life of MHD patients.
Development and Validation of A Prediction Model for Tuberculous Pleural Effusion: A Large Cohort Study and External Validation
Authors: Liu Yanqing , Liang Zhigang , Yuan Songbo , Wang Shanshan , Guo Fei , Peng Weidong , Yang Jing , Wu Aihua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Distinguishing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) from non-tuberculosis (TB) benign pleural effusion (BPE) remains to be a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a novel nomogram for diagnosing TPE.Methods: In this retrospective analysis, a total of 744 consecutive patients with TPE and non-TB BPE from Ningbo First Hospital were divided into the training set and the internal validation set at a ratio of 7:3, respectively. The clinical and laboratory features were collected and analyzed by logistic regression analysis. A diagnostic model incorporating selected variables was developed and was externally validated in a cohort of 110 patients from another hospital.Results: Six variables including age, effusion lymphocyte, effusion adenosine deaminase (ADA), effusion lactatedehy drogenase (LDH), effusion LDH/effusion ADA, and serum white blood cell (WBC) were identified as valuable parameters used for developing a nomogram. The nomogram showed a good diagnostic performance in the training set. A novel scoring system was then established based on the nomogram to distinguish TPE from non-TB BPE. The scoring system showed good diagnostic performance in the training set (area under the curve (AUC), 0.932, sensitivity, 93.7%, and specificity, 85.4%), the internal validation set (AUC, 0.934, sensitivity, 93.5%, and specificity, 82.9%), and the external validation set (AUC, 0.938, sensitivity, 93.0%, and specificity, 83.1%), respectively.Conclusions: The study developed and validated a novel scoring system based on a nomogram originated from six clinical parameters. The novel scoring system showed a good diagnostic performance in distinguishing TPE from non-TB BPE and can be conveniently used in clinical settings.
LncRNA HOTAIR Promotes Tumorigenicity in Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Zhi-Qiang , Lan Tian , Sun Xiangyu , Yu Donghu , Wu Die , Wang Guohua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Recently, the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition) was published. WHO CNS5 incorporates numerous molecular changes to the accurate classification of CNS neoplasms. GBM, as a special type of glioma, is confined to IDH-wildtype in WHO CNS5, which has a short medical history and poor prognosis. LncRNA HOTAIR has been found to be responsible for the poor prognosis of several human cancers in previous studies. The clinical significance, the prognostic and treatment value of HOTAIR for GBM in the new WHO CNS5 classification remain unclear.Methods We created a Random Forest-based prediction model to assess the IDH1 mutational status of patients in REMBRANDT cohorts. Then we analyzed the role and the potential mechanism of HOTAIR in TCGA, CGGA, and REMBRANDT cohorts. GSVA and GSEA analysis were used to detect the potential biological functions and signaling pathways. The infiltration of immune cells was quantified by Cibersort. The effectiveness of targeted therapy in the clinical application was sought through drug response analysis. Furthermore, we verified that HOTAIR affected the proliferative activity of that glioma cells.Results We found that HOTAIR is highly expressed in all cohorts. The patients’ samples with high HOTAIR expression have poorer overall survival. The results of the functional analysis indicated that the cell cycle and proliferation-related processes were enriched in the high HOTAIR expression group. The infiltration of immunocytes is different in the two groups. In multiple immune checkpoints, the risk score showed a strong correlation. The analysis of drug treatment response present that the high HOTAIR expression group has a better treatment response and better curative effect on the treatment of temozolomide, sorafenib, lenalidomide, bexarotene, and axitinib.ConclusionIn conclusion, We found that HOTAIR could lead to poor prognosis of GBM mainly through regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. And HOTAIR could be used as a marker to guide chemotherapy in GBM patients rather than immunocheckpoint inhibitor therapy.
Living With Parents, Healthy Living Practices And Common Mental Disorders in Adolescents: a School-Based Study in Brazil
Authors: Gratão Lucia Helena Almeida , Pessoa Milene Cristine , Rocha Luana Lara , Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues da , Freitas Eloar dos Santos , de Oliveira Tatiana Resende Prado Rangel , Cunha Cristiane de Freitas , Mendes Larissa Loures 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Mental health conditions represent 16% of the global burden of disease and injury in adolescents. Promotion, protection, and restoring the mental health must be considered indispensable, especially in adolescence. This study aims to verify the association of living practices, living with parents and the presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in Adolescents.Methods: Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years, from the Study on Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), between 2013-2014. Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify Living Practices Patterns, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between Living Practices Patterns, living with parents, and presence of CMD.Results: 71,553 adolescents were evaluated. To construct the Common Mental Disorders (CMD) variable, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was used. A pattern of Healthy Living Practices Standard (HLPS) was found. Adolescents belonging to the second (OR: 0.74; 95% CI 0.66–0.83) and third (OR: 0.45; 95% CI 0.39–0.51) terciles of the HLPS, that is, those who had higher rates of belonging to the pattern had lower chances of having CMD. Adolescents who lived with only the father or only the mother (OR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.09-1.43) or with no parent (OR: 1.59; 95% CI 1.27-1.99) were associated with a higher chance to present CMD.Conclusions: An inverse association between HLPS and the presence of CMD and a direct association between not living with both parents or living only with the mother or only with the father and the presence of CMD was identified.
Dietary Oregano Essential Oil Supplementation Combined with Cinnamaldehyde Improves Production Performance and Alters Gut Microbiota in Late-Phase Laying Hens
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhang Lianhua , Li Hui , Xia Fei , Bai Hongtong , Sun Zhiying , Cui Hongxia , Shi Lei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background : Essential oils (EO) have the characteristics of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and are called natural antibiotics. This study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of EO on production performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition in yolk and cecum microbiota of hens in the late phase of production. A total of 350 58-week-old Jing Tint 6 laying hens were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) a basal diet (control); 2) a basal diet + 5 mg/kg flavomycin (AGP); 3) a basal diet + 100 mg/kg oregano essential oil (OEO) + 20 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde (EO1); 4) a basal diet + 200 mg/kg oregano essential oil + 20 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde (EO2); 5) a basal diet + 300 mg/kg oregano essential oil + 20 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde (EO3). Results: Compared to the control group, EO2 group resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) egg production during weeks 5-8 and 1-8. EO2 group had a lower feed conversion ratio than control group during weeks 1-8. The content of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in EO2 group is higher (P < 0.05) than that of control and AGP groups. EO2 group increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Actinobacteriota and decreased the abundance of Desulfovibri in cecum. The abundances of Anaerofilum, Fournierella, Fusobacterium and Sutterella were positively correlated with egg production, feed conversion ratio, and average daily feed intake, while the abundances of Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Lactobacillus, Methanobrevibacter, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were negative correlated with egg production, feed conversion ratio, and average daily feed intake.Conclusions: Dietary OEO at 200 mg/kg and cinnamaldehyde at 20 mg/kg addition could improve the egg production performance, decrease feed conversion ratio and alter the egg fatty acid and microbial composition of late-phase laying hens.
Sexually dimorphic architecture and function of a mechanosensory circuit in C. elegans
Authors: Setty Hagar , Salzberg Yehuda , Karimi Shadi , Berent-Barzel Elisheva , Krieg Michael , Oren-Suissa Meital 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How sensory perception is processed by the two sexes of an organism is still only partially understood. Despite some evidence for sexual dimorphism in auditory and olfactory perception, whether touch is sensed in a dimorphic manner has not been addressed. Here we find that the neuronal circuit for tail mechanosensation in C. elegans is wired differently in the two sexes and employs a different combination of sex-shared sensory neurons and interneurons in each sex. Reverse genetic screens uncovered cell- and sex-specific functions of the alpha-tubulin mec-12 and the sodium channel tmc-1 in sensory neurons, and of the glutamate receptors nmr-1 and glr-1 in interneurons, revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate tail mechanosensation. Moreover, we show that only in males, the sex-shared interneuron AVG is strongly activated by tail mechanical stimulation, and accordingly is crucial for their behavioral response. Importantly, sex reversal experiments demonstrate that the sexual identity of AVG determines both the behavioral output of the mechanosensory response and the molecular pathways controlling it. Our results present for the first time extensive sexual dimorphism in a mechanosensory circuit at both the cellular and molecular levels.
PD-L1 and JAK2 mRNA level in essential thrombocythaemia depends on the driver mutational status and the bone marrow fibrosis grade
Authors: Lewandowski Krzysztof , Kanduła Zuzanna , Gniot Michał , Paczkowska Edyta , Nawrocka Paulina Maria , Wojtaszewska Marzena , Janowski Michał , Mariak Magdalena , Handschuh Luiza , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: JAK-STAT pathway activation leads to an enhanced activity of the promoter of CD274 (PDL1) coding programmed death-1 receptor ligand (PD-L1), increased PD-L1 level and the immune escape of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) cells. It has been postulated that the bone marrow failure, bone marrow myeloid metaplasia, and changes in the molecular characteristics of the malignant clone(s) during MPN outcome may influence the JAK2 and PDL1 gene expression. Aim: to evaluate the PDL1 mRNA and JAK2 mRNA level in molecularly defined essential thrombocythaemia (ET) patients (pts) during disease progression to post-ET- myelofibrosis (post-ET-MF). Methods: the study group consisted of 162 ET pts, including 30 diagnosed with post-ET-MF. Results: the JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPL mutations were found in 59.3%, 19.1%, and 1.2% of pts, respectively. The total JAK2 mRNA level (V617F+WT) did not differ according to the JAK2 haplotypeGGCC_46/1 or the type of driver defect. No copy-number alternations of the JAK2, PDL1, and PDCDL1G2 (PDL2) genes were found. The level of PD-L1 was significantly higher in the JAK2V617F than in the JAK2WT, CALR mutation-positive, and triple-negative pts. The PD-L1 mRNA level was weakly correlated with both the JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (VAF), and with the JAK2V617F allele mRNA level. The total JAK2 level in post-ET-MF pts was lower than in ET pts despite the lack of differences in the JAK2V617F VAF. In addition, the PD-L1 level was lower in post-ET-MF. The detailed analysis has shown that the decrease in JAK2 and PD-L1 mRNA levels depended on the bone marrow fibrosis grade. The PDL1 expression showed no difference in relation to the genotype of 46/1 haplotype, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, leukocyte, and platelet counts. Conclusion: the study confirmed the correlation between the PD-L1 and JAK2 mRNA level in ET pts. The observed drop of the total JAK2 and PD-L1 levels during the ET progression to the post-ET-MF may reflect the changes in the JAK2V617F positive clone proliferative potential and the PD-L1 level related immunosuppressive effect. This decrease could explain the lack of efficacy of the pembrolizumab in patients with advanced post-ET-MF and post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis which was recently reported.