bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sputum basophils from allergic asthmatic patients do not express IL‐7Rα that is essential for TSLP signalling
Authors: Gao Sijia , Shi Yanbiao , Bai Ruixue , Li Hui , Ren Jinfeng , Chen Xinzhu , Hu Lang , Shi Zhixu , Zhao Shuli , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBasophils are crucial in regulating allergic reactions via immediate secretion of multiple mediators upon IgE‐induced degranulation. IL‐3 regulates the development and activation of human basophils while epithelial cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is another key regulator for murine basophils. Despite association of increased TSLP with exaggerated basophil responses in oesophageal biopsies, the effects of TSLP in regulating human basophil degranulation and activation are under debate. In this study, we aimed to examine whether human basophils responded to TSLP by co‐expression of TSLP receptors, TSLPR and IL‐7Rα (CD127), upon in vitro activation and in sputum of allergic asthmatic patients. Flow cytometric analysis of fresh basophils from healthy controls revealed no detectable TSLPR and CD127. Further flow cytometric analysis of basophils from healthy controls in vitro stimulated by multiple established basophil modulators for 24 hours showed induction of TSLPR but not CD127 by IL‐3 (10 ng/ml), anti‐IgE (10 μg/ml) and C5a (50 ng/ml). One‐hour stimulation of basophils from allergic asthmatic patients and healthy controls by TSLP (50 ng/ml) with or without IL‐3 (10 ng/ml) and anti‐IgE (10 μg/ml) had no effect on induction of CD63+ degranulated basophils. Similarly, TSLP (50 ng/ml) with or without IL‐3 (10 ng/ml) and anti‐IgE (10 μg/ml) did not induce IL‐4 and IL‐13 production by basophils from healthy controls. Further ex vivo analysis revealed that sputum basophils from allergic asthmatic patients did not express CD127. We conclude that human basophils from healthy controls and allergic asthmatic patients do not respond to TSLP as lacking CD127.
The birth of Dolly and xenotransplantation 25 years on
Authors: Nottle Mark B. , Hawthorne Wayne J. , Cowan Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA number of reviews have been written recently celebrating the 25th anniversary of the birth of Dolly the cloned sheep and the effect this breakthrough has had on various fields of research. However, arguably the biggest impact Dolly has had is on the field of xenotransplantation, described here based on our own experience and that of others.
Batch Adsorption Studies of Natural Composite Hydrogel for Removal of Co(II) Ions
Authors: Marey A. , Ahmed Doaa F. 
Published: November 2022

Innovative methods for handling industrial wastewater containing heavy metals has been receiving significant attention from researchers in recent years. Proper treatment of wastewater is compulsory to avoid the release of toxic heavy metal ions into water bodies. In this study, we developed a new adsorptive material, i.e., orange peel/acrylamide composite hydrogel for the removal of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption of Co(II) by our hydrogen was well-fitted with the pseudo-second-order model. Its adsorption rate against Co(II) ions could reach up to 56 mg/g at pH 6. Further investigations are still needed to maximize the adsorption capacity of orange peel/acrylamide composite hydrogel.
An Alternative Form of the Equation of Motion for Constrained Structural and Mechanical Systems With Singular Mass Matrices
Authors: Udwadia Firdaus E. , Mogharabin Nami 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper develops an alternative description of the general equation of motion for constrained mechanical systems with singular mass matrices. The formulation gives a new explicit equation of motion for such systems and provides a simple and elegant way to interpret the manner in which Nature orchestrates constrained motion, something that was not possible for such systems in the past.
Implementation of an Origami Dynamics Model Based on the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF)
Authors: Tao Jiayue , Li Suyi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Origami — the ancient art of paper folding — has been widely adopted as a design and fabrication framework for many engineering applications, including multi-functional structures, deployable spacecraft, and architected materials. These applications typically involve complex and dynamic deformations in the origami facets, necessitating high-fidelity models to better simulate folding-induced mechanics and dynamics. This paper presents the formulation and validation of such a new model based on the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF), which exploits the tessellated nature of origami and describes it as an assembly of flexible panels rotating around springy creases. To estimate the crease folding, we mathematically formulate a “torsional spring connector” in the framework of ANCF and apply it to the crease nodes, where the facets meshed by ANCF plate elements are interconnected. We simulate the dynamic folding of a Miura-ori unit cell and compare the results with commercial finite element software (ABAQUS) to validate the modeling accuracy. The ANCF model can converge using significantly fewer elements than ABAQUS without sacrificing accuracy. Therefore, this high-fidelity model can help deepen our knowledge of folding-induced mechanics and dynamics, broadening the appeals of origami in science and engineering.
Self-Assembly by 4D Printing: Design and Fabrication of Sequential Self-Folding
Authors: Zeng Siyuan , Gao Yicong , Tan Jianrong , Wei Zhe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Folding-based self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature with examples ranging from the formation of cellular components to winged insects. It has highly potential applications in packaging of solar cells and space structures. In this study, we present a sequential self-assembly design and fabrication approach that is realized by thermal activation of bilayer actuators and transforms two-dimensional nets into three-dimensional structures. The time-dependent behaviors and shape memory performances of each bilayer actuator via experimental methods are investigated. The relationship between structure design parameters of bilayer actuators and their correspondingly self-assembly speed has been studied. Our main findings the process parameters of 4D printing is a simple and effective design principle for controlling the speed of self-assembly. By properly designing the bilayer actuators, 3D printed structures with programmed bilayer actuators respond rapidly to a thermal stimulus, and self-fold to specified shapes in controlled shape changing sequences. A folding box structure is used as an example to illustrate the methodology, which normally requires a folding sequence in order to form a stable and fully packed structure. Measurements of the spatial and temporal nature of self-assembly structures are in good agreement with the desired configurations.
Numerical Computation of the Acoustic Response of an Active Airfoil With Impedance Boundary Conditions to a Turbulent Wake
Authors: Ezzine Mouhamed Mounibe , Rodriguez Jonathan , Perez Matthias , Billon Kevin , Mardjono Jacky , Clair Vincent , Collet Manuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The noise generated by the interaction of the turbulent wake of the fan with the Outlet Guide Vanes (OGV) is a major component of turbofan engine noise. The development of noise reduction concepts applied to the OGV is an intensive research topic, with some current effort dedicated to an active solution making use of piezoelectric actuators integrated within the OGV airfoils to control the surface impedance. In order to define target values for the impedance that would lead to significant noise reduction over a chosen frequency range, a numerical method is being investigated in the present work. The method relies on solving the linearized Euler’s equations in the frequency domain around an airfoil and introducing a velocity fluctuation representing the fan’s turbulent wake upstream of the airfoil. An impedance boundary condition can be applied to the airfoil surface, and optimal values could be found through a parametric study. This paper presents the first set of 2D simulations that were performed to assess the capability of the method to show the effects of an impedance on the airfoil acoustic response, by comparison with a rigid one.
Numerical Investigation of Bistable Energy Harvesting Based on Silicone Dielectric Elastomer Generators
Authors: Moretti Giacomo , Rizzello Gianluca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a concept of bistable dielectric elastomer generator (DEG) and investigates its performance via numerical simulations. Whereas resonant DEG designs are largely used to achieve large convertible energy density over specific frequency ranges, bistability represents a potential alternative approach, suitable to scavenge energy over broad low-frequency ranges. In contrast to resonant designs, which demand for large inertia and are thus hard to down-scale, bistability might be an enabling solution for low-frequency harvesting at small scales. In this work, we study a DEG made of silicone. We first develop an electro-mechanical model of the system, based on established approaches and experimentally validated material properties. We then use the model to compare the performance of a monostable resonant implementation of the system and a bistable one, proving that the bistable system can potentially provide significantly higher convertible energy densities in a broad range of excitation conditions.
Investigation of Mounting Techniques for Concrete Floor-Mounted Accelerometers Used in Smart Buildings
Authors: Hott Jacob W. , Anton Steven R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In smart building infrastructure, the mounting of dynamic measurement devices must be carefully determined to obtain meaningful data and accurately record the dynamics within a building. Specifically, it is important to develop a sensor mounting method so that the highest frequency band of interest can be accurately obtained. This is especially crucial in safety applications such as footstep localization, fall detection, and gunshot detection since high frequencies could possess useful information.
Currently, it is common practice in structural health monitoring of building infrastructure for sensors to be mounted either temporarily on the surface of a floor with wax or permanently on the underside of the structural steel floor joists. Using either of these methods causes limitations in either the permanence of the setup or in the placement of sensors. This paper explores several typical mounting locations and a novel accelerometer mounting method designed to overcome these limitations by mounting accelerometers on the underside of a concrete floor structure’s corrugated steel floor tray. The novel mounting method consists of a mounting plate fastened to a concrete floor with concrete anchors and a tapped hole for accelerometer mounting. This method will be evaluated through experimental testing and analysis on two developed floor section mockups mimicking the floor structure in Tennessee Technological University’s newly constructed Lab Science Commons building and the floor currently being constructed in the new Ashraf Islam Engineering Building. Testing is carried out by impacting the floor section in 11 locations with a modal hammer while measuring the response of accelerometers mounted at various locations. The frequency response of the concrete anchored accelerometers is assessed in two scenarios so results can be compared to results for beam mounted accelerometers.
From testing, it is found that signals obtained from the bottom center and bottom flange beam mounting locations are attenuated within specific frequency bands. The bottom center beam mounting location experiences signal attenuation in the frequency range of 500 to 1500 Hz. Meanwhile, the bottom flange beam location experiences attenuation from 2800 to 3200 Hz, the topmost evaluated frequency. Mounting positions on the I-beam’s upper flange and the bottom of the concrete floor section, both with and without the beam present, do not display signal attenuation characteristics. Furthermore, a significant amount of system dynamics is seen in signals obtained for mounting locations residing on the I-beam compared to those mounted on the floor section. This increase is suspected to be a result from both the dynamics of the beam itself and the boundary conditions between the beam and floor section. These characteristics are also seen in mounting locations on the concrete floor section with an I-beam present but are not seen with the same intensity as mounting locations existing directly on the I-beam.
Challenges of Upscaling Power Composites for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Geier Sebastian , Petersen Jan , Wierach Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Increasing electrification in the aerospace sector as well as the challenge of powering an entire aircraft electrically places demands for the supply and storage of electrical energy. Energy devices must therefore be powerful and lightweight at the same time for efficient performance of the overall transportation system. One possibility to improve the performance by reducing weight and volume is the combination of structural and energy storing functions. Due to its lay-up, a composite is particularly suitable for this challenge. Of course, batteries are one of the most important components, but when it comes to being integrated in composite structures, their potential is reduced drastically because of their limited lifetime. In contrast, supercapacitors are a very promising technology. Their system features several advantages such as power density and cycle stability. Due to their cycle stability, supercapacitors are the ideal energy device for integration into areas that are difficult to access, such as the lay-up of composite structures. This publication deals with the strategy of structure-compliant integration of pouch supercapacitor cells. The aim is to operate different peak power applications needed for space missions. The material combination has to be optimized to achieve the best possible electromechanical performance. During the development, sets of structural supercapacitors with different scales are built to check their specific capacity. Often the specific properties drop by scaling up, but during this development the specific capacity of 0.24F/cm2 was even kept for the full-size demonstrator. Furthermore, this approach allows the reduction of volume and weight by 70–80% compared to a structure using commercial supercapacitors.
Analogies Between Stimuli-Responsive (Smart) Hydrogel-Based Microfluidic Valves and Electronic Transistors
Authors: Marschner Uwe , Beck Anthony , Mehner Philipp , Paschew Georgi , Voigt Andreas , Richter Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stimuli-sensitive or responsive (smart) hydrogels, or chemofluidic transistors, are the base of the key control elements of smart chemomechanical valves. These valves have an outstanding potential for miniaturized, integrated sensor and actuator systems in many application areas and especially for lab-on-chip technology. Due to the multifaceted design parameters the design and realization of hydrogel-based systems are exceptionally complex and demanding.
In this work we compare two types of stimuli-sensitive hydrogel-based valves with two types of electronic transistors and analyze analogies. As a result, the membrane isolated chemical volume phase transition Transistors (MIS-CVPT’s) exhibit a behavior with various analogies to electrical Field Effect Transistors (FET’s). The FET device embodies a voltage-controlled channel resistor, which is related to the chemically controlled fluidic channel of the MIS-CVPT. Chemical volume phase transition transistors (CVPT’s) on the other hand show in part similarities both to the bipolar transistor (BJT) and the MOSFET. The analogies allow a closed description of a microfluidic system by equivalent circuits and an efficient behavioral simulation by sophisticated circuit simulators.
Several chemofluidic circuits, as a microfluidic oscillator, a NAND gate and an Analog/Digital Converter (ADC) and their behavioral simulation will be presented. The applied lab-on-a-chip (LoC) predictive simulation-based design concept is very helpful as it saves many practical experiments and leads to optimized components.
Hinged Tile-Based Air Surface for Morphing Windshield Cowling
Authors: Li Tiantian , Luntz Jonathan , Brei Diann , Kim Wonhee , Alexander Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The gap between the windshield and hood provides an opening for windshield wipers to operate, but can be problematic at other times, gathering leaves and snow. Active morphing approaches provide an opportunity to create a windshield cowling that addresses this issue by covering the gap normally, and actively curling out of the way to allow wiper operation. Most existing morphing techniques lack the simultaneous force/stroke generation, cannot perform two-way actuation, or fail to rigidly hold their position against varying loads such as wind. This paper introduces a useful curling air surface based on hinged T-shaped tiles that improves upon existing morphing technologies by adding straightening actuation to out-of-plane curling with large force and deflection, while also providing rigid position holding. An upper curling bladder encloses the hinged T-shaped tiles and pulls the T-protrusions together when vacuumed, causing the surface to curl. Lower straightening bladders span the hinge lines and pull the tiles flat when inflated. Through vacuum and inflation of the two bladders, the air surface covers and uncovers the gap against the wind load, and can hold its curled position rigidly using inter-tile hard stops. To predict the air surface performance, an air surface model is aggregated from multiple instances of a unit curling model that is derived from first principles with additional phenomenological terms. The validated model enables a scalable dimensionless design space visualization for general curling applications against loads, which is applied to design a windshield cowling. The resulting design is tested with its wind retention ability and built into a full-scale prototype windshield cowling operating on a sedan. This paper provides the technology concept and supporting model and design approach to more broadly apply this useful air surface architecture to applications in automotive (air dam, adaptive seating), aerospace (morphing wing), architecture (self-assembly shelters) and other domains.
Experimental Tests of a SMA Based Blade Twist System: Wind Tunnel and Whirl Tower Outcomes
Authors: Ameduri Salvatore , Ciminello Monica , Concilio Antonio , Dimino Ignazio , Galasso Bernardino , Guida Mariano , Miceli Marco F. , Riemenschneider Johannes , Kalow Steffen , Luebker Jannis , Fournier Stephane , Rivero Andres E. , Woods Benjamin K. S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, attention is paid on two specific moments foreseen in the European Project “Shape Adaptive Blades for Rotorcraft Efficiency”: the test validation in wind tunnel and whirl tower representative environments of a morphing architecture aiming at altering the twist law of an helicopter blade.
The architecture, based on Shape Memory Alloy technology, was tested in the abovementioned environments to get enough information on its functionality under representative loads and on its capability of producing significant variations of the original performance.
The wind tunnel tests held at the University of Bristol, captured the effect of the progressive span wise twist activation, highlighting the capability of improving the aerodynamic efficiency.
The whirl tower test campaign organized at the DLR plant, demonstrated the capability of the system of altering its original twist, even in presence of centrifuge forces tending to stretch the blade and, thus, to make it stiffener. In addition, twist related effects were measured, as the produced flapping motion.
The achieved results proved, in relevant environment, the effectiveness of the architecture both from a functional (additional twist production) and an effectiveness (alteration of the aerodynamics) point of view. The experimental outcomes paved the way to a critical overview aiming at identifying potential issues and relevant approaches for further increase of the technology readiness level of the concept.
Mechatronic Design and Physical Prototyping of a Three-Fingered Gripper for Underwater Manipulation
Authors: Baggetta Mario , Berselli Giovanni , Palli Gianluca , Melchiorri Claudio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Researchers involved in the development of dexterous robotic hands agree that a mechatronics approach to hand design is the only way to generate new levels of functional capabilities. As reported by several authors, the problems relative to the single component or subsystem design must be solved within a general frame of compatibility and integrability. In this paper the virtual and physical prototyping of a three-fingered gripper designed to be mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for underwater manipulation as well as sampling specimens is reported. In particular, an overall description of the gripper design is discussed, with special attention to the required actuation and tendon transmission system, its integration within the mechanical structure and the required control architecture. Different solutions for the joint configuration and the structure of the tendon network adopted for the transmission system are presented. The integrated design of the finger is reported and the motivations leading to this particular implementation are thoroughly addressed, taking into account both the mechanical constraints and the control requirements. The overall finger design is modular, so that other design solutions comprising multiple fingers (e.g. for in-hand manipulation purposes or realization of cage gripper) are easily achievable by adding further modules without increase the overall dimensions of the device. Virtual prototype results are finally provided and discussed to prove the gripper behaviour and capabilities.
For the Love of Strength: Experiences of Female Strength and Conditioning Coaches
Authors: Figueroa Yvette L. , Roper Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Women’s involvement in sport has been replete with challenges at all levels. In a similar vein, women in strength and conditioning (S&C) encounter workplace challenges at all levels. Given the lack of representation of women in S&C, it is important to delve into the potential contributing factors. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of women’s experiences in S&C. A total of 19 female S&C coaches at the collegiate level participated in our study. Participants were interviewed individually by both investigators via Zoom video calls using a semistructured interview guide. An overwhelming interest in participation among female S&C coaches allowed for interviews to be performed past the stage of saturation. Career experience among participants ranged from 4 to 26 years (M = 12.87 years). Results uncovered five central themes: (a) entrance into the S&C field and navigating a male-dominated culture, (b) appearance and presentation, (c) pressure to hire women, (d) support community and mentorship, and (e) family. Despite the perceived barriers described by these women, all participants stressed the love and passion each has for their career. The implications of this study are vital for administrators and athletic directors to advocate for greater representation of women in S&C and associated leadership positions.