bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACS-assisted single-cell lipidome analysis of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins
Authors: Hancock Sarah E , Ding Eileen , Beves Emma Johansson , Mitchell Todd , Turner Nigel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent advances in single-cell genomics and transcriptomics technologies have transformed our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in growth, development, ageing and disease; however, methods for single-cell lipidomics have comparatively lagged behind in development. We have developed a high-throughput method for the detection and quantification of a wide range of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) species from single cells that combines fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) with automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) and shotgun lipidomics. We show herein that our method is capable of quantifying more than 50 different PC and SM species from single cells and can easily distinguish between cells of different lineages or cells treated with exogenous fatty acids. Moreover, our method can detect more subtle differences in the lipidome between cell lines of the same cancer type. Our approach can be run in parallel with other single-cell technologies to deliver near-complete multi-omics data on cells with a similar phenotype and has the capacity to significantly advance our current knowledge on cellular heterogeneity.
Botulinum neurotoxin accurately separates tonic vs phasic transmission and reveals heterosynaptic plasticity rules in Drosophila
Authors: Han Yifu , Chien Chun , Goel Pragya , He Kaikai , Pinales Cristian , Buser Chris , Dickman Dion 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIn developing and mature nervous systems, diverse neuronal subtypes innervate common targets to establish and maintain functional neural circuits. A major challenge towards understanding the structural and functional architecture of neural circuits is to separate these inputs and determine their intrinsic and heterosynaptic relationships. The Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction is a powerful model system to study these questions, where two glutamatergic motor neurons, the strong phasic-like Is and weak tonic-like Ib, co-innervate individual muscle targets to coordinate locomotor behavior. However, complete neurotransmission from each input has never been electrophysiologically separated. We have developed a botulinum neurotoxin, BoNT-C, that eliminates both spontaneous and evoked neurotransmission without perturbing synaptic growth or structure, enabling the first approach that accurately isolates input-specific neurotransmission. Selective expression of BoNT-C in Is or Ib motor inputs disambiguates functional properties of each input. Importantly, the composite values of Is and Ib neurotransmission can be fully recapitulated by isolated physiology from each input. Finally, selective silencing by BoNT-C does not induce heterosynaptic structural or functional plasticity at the convergent input. Thus, BoNT-C establishes the first approach to cleanly separate neurotransmission between tonic vs phasic neurons and defines heterosynaptic plasticity rules in a powerful model glutamatergic circuit.
An umbrella review of randomized control trials on the effects of physical exercise on cognition
Authors: Ciria Luis F. , Román-Caballero Rafael , Vadillo Miguel A. , Holgado Darias , Luque-Casado Antonio , Perakakis Pandelis , Sanabria Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtensive research links regular physical exercise to an overall enhancement of cognitive function across the lifespan. Here, we assess the causal evidence supporting this relationship in the healthy population, using an umbrella review of meta-analyses limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Despite most of the 24 reviewed meta-analyses reporting a positive overall effect, our assessment reveals evidence of low statistical power in the primary RCTs, selective inclusion of studies, publication bias, and large variation in combinations of preprocessing and analytic decisions. In addition, our meta-analysis of all the primary RCTs included in the revised meta-analyses shows small exercise-related benefits (d= 0.22, 95% CI [0.16, 0.28]) that became substantially smaller after accounting for key moderators (i.e., active control and baseline differences;d= 0.13, 95% CI [0.07, 0.20), and negligible after correcting for publication bias (d= 0.05, 95% CrI [−0.09, 0.14]). These findings suggest caution in claims and recommendations linking regular physical exercise to cognitive benefits in the healthy human population until more reliable causal evidence accumulates.
Awake responses suggest inefficient dense coding in the mouse retina
Authors: Boissonnet Tom , Tripodi Matteo , Asari Hiroki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe structure and function of the vertebrate retina have been extensively studied across species with an isolated,ex vivopreparation. Retinal functionin vivo, however, remains elusive, especially in awake animals. Here we performed single-unit extracellular recordings in the optic tract of head-fixed mice to compare the output of awake, anesthetized, andex vivoretinas. While the visual response properties were overall similar across conditions, we found that awake retinal output had in general 1) faster kinetics with less variability in the response latencies; 2) a larger dynamic range; and 3) higher firing activity, by ∼20 Hz on average, for both baseline and visually evoked responses. Our modeling analyses further showed that such awake response patterns convey comparable total information but less efficiently, and allow for a linear population decoder to perform significantly better than the anesthetized orex vivoresponses. These results highlight distinct retinal behavior in awake states, in particular suggesting that the retina employs dense codingin vivo, rather than sparse efficient coding as has been often assumed fromex vivostudies.
Conflict- and error-related theta activities are coupled to BOLD signals in different brain regions
Authors: Beldzik Ewa , Ullsperger Markus , Domagalik Aleksandra , Marek Tadeusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoth conflict and error processing have been linked to the midfrontal theta power (4-8 Hz) increase as indicated by EEG studies and greater hemodynamic activity in the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) as indicated by fMRI studies. Conveniently, the source of the midfrontal theta power was estimated in or nearby aMCC. However, previous studies using concurrent EEG and fMRI recordings in resting-state or other cognitive tasks observed only a negative relationship between theta power and BOLD signal in the brain regions typically showing task-related deactivations. In this study, we used a simultaneous EEG-fMRI technique to investigate a trial-by-trial coupling between theta power and hemodynamic activity during the performance of two conflict tasks. Independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to denoise the EEG signal and select individual midfrontal EEG components, whereas group ICA was applied to fMRI data to obtain a functional parcellation of the frontal cortex. Using a linear mixed- effect model, theta power was coupled with the peak of hemodynamic responses from various frontal, cingulate, and insular cortical sites to unravel the potential brain sources that contribute to conflict- and error-related theta variability. Although several brain regions exhibited conflict-related increases in hemodynamic activity, the conflict pre-response theta showed only a negative correlation to BOLD signal in the midline area 9 (MA9), a region exhibiting conflict-sensitive deactivation. Conversely, and more expectedly, error-related theta showed a positive relationship to activity in the aMCC. Our results provide novel evidence suggesting that the amplitude of pre-response theta reflects the process of active inhibition that suppresses the MA9 activity. This process is affected independently by the stimulus congruency, reaction times variance, and is susceptible to the time-on-task effect. Finally, it predicts the commitment of an omission error. Together, our findings highlight that conflict- and error-related theta oscillations represent fundamentally different processes.
Dissociable misconfigurations of striatal functional connectivity profiles in smokers
Authors: Korponay Cole , Stein Elliot A , Ross Thomas J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorticostriatal circuits are central to reward processing and reinforcement learning functions that often become dysregulated in substance use disorder (SUD) and drive compulsive drug use. Human neuroimaging research seeking to identify how corticostriatal circuits become altered in SUD has primarily focused on evaluating connectivity between cortex-striatum node-pairs. Yet, striatal nodes receive appreciable input from many cortical nodes, and the morphological and electrophysiological properties of striatal nodes dictate that combinational features of their multivariate “connectivity profiles” shape their activity more so than any individual cortical node. Here, we introduce an approach for quantifying and statistically evaluating different types of multivariate connectivity profile configuration differences (i.e., aggregate divergence, rank order arrangement, and entropy shift) that may reflect different forms of circuit plasticity, and apply it to nicotine dependent smokers (n=46) as an exemplar SUD. Foremost, we find evidence of significant connectivity profile misconfiguration throughout much of the striatum, suggesting that prior findings of abnormal connections between individual striatal-cortical node-pairs may only represent the “tip of the iceberg” of corticostriatal circuit alteration in nicotine dependence. Moreover, we find that dorsolateral and ventromedial striatum display distinct types of connectivity profile misconfiguration. Whereas dorsolateral striatum almost exclusively displays abnormal rank order arrangement that is present in both the nicotine sated and acutely abstinent states – indicative of a “trait” misconfiguration – ventromedial striatum almost exclusively displays abnormal aggregate divergence that only manifests during acute abstinence – indicative of a “state” misconfiguration. Further, we identify a unique striatal site in the right caudal ventral putamen that displays multiple forms of connectivity profile misconfiguration, where connections with cognitive processing cortical areas overtake those with motor/premotor control cortical areas as the strongest in the connectivity profile, and acute abstinence significantly strengthens this abnormal arrangement. Moreover, the interactive magnitude of these misconfigurations during acute abstinence is significantly linked to dependence severity. Collectively, the present findings underscore the need for increased examination of connectivity profile misconfigurations as a mechanism of SUD etiology and as a potential guide for identifying therapeutic intervention targets.
Mask up! Testing strategies to increase mask usage in Kenya*
Authors: Egger Dennis , Jakubowski Aleskandra , Nekesa Carolyne , Walker Michael 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundCOVID-19 continues to pose a major threat to countries around the world, and non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing and face coverings remain important to reduce transmission, especially in settings with low vaccination rates. Despite a nationwide mask mandate in Kenya during the pandemic, proper masking remained low in Siaya County. We conducted a pilot study with the Siaya County Ministry of Health to improve mask adoption within Ugunja subcounty, and present initial findings on mask usage effects.MethodsThe study took place across 72 villages in Ugunja subcounty, which were randomly assigned to receive: (i) free mask and education on mask usage; (ii) only education on mask usage; or (iii) no mask or education by community health workers. A “role model” intervention was also cross-randomized across half of the villages, along with SMS messages reinforcing a variety of messages around masking. The intervention was administered in January 2021. Data collection was done via phone survey and direct observation of mask usage.FindingsPreliminary analysis of the pilot study suggests providing free face masks may improve compliance, particularly in settings with higher COVID-19 risks. Two weeks to three months after the intervention, the free mask and education arm increased directly-observed correct mask usage by 3.1 percentage points (95% confidence interval 1.9, 6.0) on a control mean of 6.8 percent. Some treatment arms also improved COVID-19 knowledge and mask attitudes.InterpretationInterventions designed to increase adoption of health measures can be successful, but behavioral change is challenging and may require more intensive treatment.
Effects of auditory sleep modulation approaches on brain oscillatory and cardiovascular dynamics
Authors: Huwiler Stephanie , Dominguez Manuel Carro , Huwyler Silja , Kiener Luca , Stich Fabia , Sala Rossella , Aziri Florent , Trippel Anna , Schmied Christian , Huber Reto , Wenderoth Nicole , Lustenberger Caroline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSleep modulation techniques to elucidate the functional role of sleep brain oscillations in brain and body functions have gained large interest. Slow waves, the hallmark feature of deep non-rapid eye movement sleep, do potentially drive restorative effects on brain and cardiovascular functions. Auditory stimulation to modulate slow waves is a promising tool, however, directly comparing different auditory stimulation approaches within a night and analyzing induced dynamic brain and cardiovascular effects are yet missing. Here, we tested various auditory stimulation approaches in a windowed, 10 s ON (stimulations) followed by 10 s OFF (no stimulations), within-night stimulation design and compared them to a SHAM control condition. We report the results of three studies and a total of 51 included stimulation nights. We found a large and global increase in slow wave activity (SWA) in the stimulation window compared to SHAM. Furthermore, slow wave dynamics were most pronouncedly increased at the start of the stimulation and declined across the stimulation window. Beyond the changes in brain oscillations, we observed, for some conditions, a significant increase in the mean interval between two heartbeats within a stimulation window, indicating a slowing of the heart rate, and increased heart rate variability derived parasympathetic activity. Those cardiovascular changes were positively correlated with the change in SWA and thus, our findings provide mechanistic insight into the potential of auditory slow wave enhancement to modulate cardiovascular restorative conditions during sleep. However, future studies need to investigate whether the potentially increased restorative capacity through slow wave enhancements translates into a more rested cardiovascular system on the subsequent day.
Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators Within Brain Esterified Lipid Pools are Reduced in Female Rats Chronically Exposed to Traffic-Related Air Pollution or Genetically Susceptible to Alzheimer’s Disease Phenotype
Authors: Shen Qing , Liang Nuanyi , Patten Kelley T. , Otoki Yurika , Valenzuela Anthony E. , Wallis Christopher , Bein Keith J. , Wexler Anthony S. , Lein Pamela J. , Taha Ameer Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) where neuroinflammation underlies disease progression and pathogenesis. Unresolved inflammation in AD is known to be exacerbated by brain deficits in unesterified pro-resolving lipid mediators enzymatically synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recently, we reported that in the brain, unesterified pro-resolving lipid mediators which are bioactive, can also be supplied from less bioactive esterified lipid pools such as neutral lipids (NLs) and phospholipids (PLs). It is not known whether esterified pro-resolving lipid mediators are affected by AD pathology and exacerbated by TRAP exposure. In the present study we addressed this data gap using TgF344-AD male and female rats that express human AD risk genes and their wildtype littermates exposed to filtered air (FA) or TRAP from 1 to 15 months of age. Esterified lipid mediators within NLs and PLs were quantified by mass-spectrometry. We observed a significant reduction in pro-resolving lipid mediators in both NLs and PLs of female TgF344-AD rats compared to wildtype controls. TRAP exposure also reduced pro-resolving lipids in the female brain, mainly in PL pools, but did not exacerbate changes observed in TgF344-AD rats. Minimal changes were observed in males. Our findings indicate that AD genotype and chronic TRAP exposure result in sex-specific deficits in brain esterified pro-resolving lipid mediators, the pool that supplies free and bioactive lipid mediators. These data provide new information on lipid-mediated mechanisms regulating impaired inflammation resolution in AD, and show for the first time that chronic TRAP exposure targets the same lipid network implicated in AD.
Oligodendrocytes form paranodal bridges that generate chains of myelin sheaths that are vulnerable to degeneration with age
Authors: Call Cody L. , Neely Sarah A. , Early Jason J. , James Owen G. , Zoupi Lida , Williams Anna C. , Chandran Siddharthan , Lyons David A. , Bergles Dwight E. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTMyelin sheaths in the CNS are generated by the tips of oligodendrocyte processes, which wrap axons to accelerate action potential conduction, provide metabolic support and control excitability. Here we identify a distinct mode of myelination, conserved between zebrafish, mouse and human, in which oligodendrocytes extend myelin along individual axons by linking myelin sheaths across nodes of Ranvier (NoR). By forming thin extensions that cross NoR, which we term paranodal bridges, multiple sheaths can be connected to the soma by a single cytoplasmic process. Extensive in vivo live imaging-based analyses, complemented by serial electron microscopic reconstruction of paranodal bridges, revealed that many oligodendrocytes use this strategy to generate longer stretches of myelin along individual axons. In the mouse somatosensory cortex, paranodal bridges were particularly prevalent along the highly branched axons of parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons, which enabled oligodendrocytes to extend myelin sheaths around axon bifurcations. Sheaths at the distal ends of these chains of myelin degenerated more frequently in aged mice, suggesting that they may be more vulnerable to the aging brain environment. This previously undescribed and evolutionarily conserved feature of oligodendrocytes extends myelin coverage of individual axons without new oligodendrogenesis, which may reduce metabolic demand and preserve the fidelity of action potential propagation at axon branch points.
3MO-AHP: an inconsistency reduction approach through mono-, multi- or many-objective quality measures
Authors: Floriano Carla Martins , Pereira Valdecy , Rodrigues Brunno e Souza 
Published: February 2022

PurposeAlthough the multi-criteria technique analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has successfully been applied in many areas, either selecting or ranking alternatives or to derive priority vector (weights) for a set of criteria, there is a significant drawback in using this technique if the pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) has inconsistent comparisons, in other words, a consistency ratio (CR) above the value of 0.1, the final solution cannot be validated. Many studies have been developed to treat the inconsistency problem, but few of them tried to satisfy different quality measures, which are minimum inconsistency (fMI), the total number of adjusted pairwise comparisons (fNC), original rank preservation (fKT), minimum average weights adjustment (fWA) and finally, minimum L1 matrix norm between the original PCM and the adjusted PCM (fLM).Design/methodology/approachThe approach is defined in four steps: first, the decision-maker should choose which quality measures she/he wishes to use, ranging from one to all quality measures. In the second step, the authors encode the PCM to be used in a many-objective optimization algorithm (MOOA), and each pairwise comparison can be adjusted individually. The authors generate consistent solutions from the obtained Pareto optimal front that carry the desired quality measures in the third step. Lastly, the decision-maker selects the most suitable solution for her/his problem. Remarkably, as the decision-maker can choose one (mono-objective), two (multi-objective), three or more (many-objectives) quality measures, not all MOOAs can handle or perform well in mono- or multi-objective problems. The unified non-sorting algorithm III (U-NSGA III) is the most appropriate MOOA for this type of scenario because it was specially designed to handle mono-, multi- and many-objective problems.FindingsThe use of two quality measures should not guarantee that the adjusted PCM is similar to the original PCM; hence, the decision-maker should consider using more quality measures if the objective is to preserve the original PCM characteristics.Originality/valueFor the first time, a many-objective approach reduces the CR to consistent levels with the ability to consider one or more quality measures and allows the decision-maker to adjust each pairwise comparison individually.
Dual-process model for the influence of taxes and fees inclusion on price perceptions
Authors: Mukherjee Sudipta 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This research aims to study whether consumers differ in their attitudes toward equivalent prices that include vs exclude taxes and fees. In addition, this research will study whether computation ease-based processing fluency and perceived price fairness mediate this relationship in parallel, and whether need for cognition and political beliefs and affiliation moderate the effect.

Design/methodology/approach
Two experiments were conducted in which participants evaluated two price formats and then responded to relevant measures.

Findings
This research shows that consumers perceive prices that include (vs exclude) taxes and fees to be easier to process, and a fairer price, and subsequently exhibit a higher willingness to buy. Additionally, this effect is moderated by need for cognition, and political beliefs and affiliation.

Research limitations/implications
Future research could investigate potential additional situational moderators (such as price type – total vs unit, consumption category, relative sizes of base price vs taxes and fees) and dispositional moderators (such as price sensitivity and tightwadism/spendthriftism).

Practical implications
This research provides insights to marketers regarding the downstream impact of pricing decisions – such as including vs excluding taxes and fees from total price. Further, depending on the product category and target customer characteristics (political affiliation), marketers can determine whether to include or exclude taxes and fees.

Social implications
This research highlights the tendency of conservatives to avoid taxes and fees. As such, it adds to the understanding of conservative consumer groups.

Originality/value
This research contributes to existing research on price-framing research by finding an interesting effect related to multi-dimensional pricing and partitioned pricing. Additionally, this research contributes to existing research on computation ease-based processing fluency and price fairness perception. Finally, this contributes to an increasingly important body of research: the effect of political affiliation on consumption. This also provides clear guidance to marketers with regard to deciding service pricing.