bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dual resolution phase‐field solver for wetting of viscoelastic droplets
Authors: Bazesefidpar Kazem , Brandt Luca , Tammisola Outi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a new and efficient phase‐field solver for viscoelastic fluids with moving contact line based on a dual‐resolution strategy. The interface between two immiscible fluids is tracked by using the Cahn‐Hilliard phase‐field model, and the viscoelasticity incorporated into the phase‐field framework. The main challenge of this approach is to have enough resolution at the interface to approach the sharp‐interface methods. The method presented here addresses this problem by solving the phase field variable on a mesh twice as fine as that used for the velocities, pressure, and polymer‐stress constitutive equations. The method is based on second‐order finite differences for the discretization of the fully coupled Navier–Stokes, polymeric constitutive, and Cahn–Hilliard equations, and it is implemented in a 2D pencil‐like domain decomposition to benefit from existing highly scalable parallel algorithms. An FFT‐based solver is used for the Helmholtz and Poisson equations with different global sizes. A splitting method is used to impose the dynamic contact angle boundary conditions in the case of large density and viscosity ratios. The implementation is validated against experimental data and previous numerical studies in 2D and 3D. The results indicate that the dual‐resolution approach produces nearly identical results while saving computational time for both Newtonian and viscoelastic flows in 3D.
A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis on digital health interventions for people living with dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Bosco Alessandro , Rai Harleen , Craven Michael , McNally Donal , Todd Chris , Booth Vicky , Cowley Alison , Howe Louise , Harwood Rowan H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesDigital health interventions enable services to support people living with dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) remotely. This literature review gathers evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions on physical, cognitive, behavioural and psychological outcomes, and Activities of Daily Living in people living with dementia and MCI.Methods/DesignSearches, using nine databases, were run in November 2021. Two authors carried out study selection/appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Study characteristics were extracted through the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions data extraction form. Data on digital health interventions were extracted through the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. Intervention effectiveness was determined through effect sizes. Meta‐analyses were performed to pool data on intervention effectiveness.ResultsTwenty studies were included in the review, with a diverse range of interventions, modes of delivery, activities, duration, length, frequency, and intensity. Compared to controls, the interventions produced a moderate effect on cognitive abilities (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI = −0.03 to 0.76; I2 = 61%), and a negative moderate effect on basic ADLs (SMD = −0.40; 95% CI = −0.86 to 0.05; I2 = 69%). Stepping exergames generated the largest effect sizes on physical and cognitive abilities. Supervised training produced larger effect sizes than unsupervised interventions.ConclusionSupervised intervention delivery is linked to greatest benefits. A mix of remote and face‐to‐face delivery could maximise benefits and optimise costs. Accessibility, acceptability and sustainability of digital interventions for end‐users must be pre‐requisites for the development of future successful services.
Contribution and safety of the side‐to‐end hypoglossal‐to‐facial transfer in multidisciplinary facial reanimation
Authors: Mato‐Patino Teresa , Morales‐Puebla José Manuel , Moraleda Susana , Sánchez‐Cuadrado Isabel , Calvino Miryam , Gonzalez‐Otero Teresa , Peñarrocha Julio , Hernández Borja , Gavilan Javier , Lassaletta Luis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates facial and tongue function in patients undergoing side‐to‐end hypoglossal‐to‐facial transfer (HFT) with additional techniques.MethodsThirty‐seven patients underwent a side‐to‐end HFT. Twelve had additional cross‐face grafts, and 9 had an additional masseter‐to‐facial transfer. Facial was assessed with House–Brackmann (HB), Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS), and eFACE. Martins scale and the Oral‐Pharyngeal Disability Index (OPDI) were used to assess tongue function.ResultsNinety‐four percent of cases reached HB grades III–IV. Mean total SFGS score improved from 16 ± 15 to 59 ± 11, while total eFACE score from 52 ± 13 to 80 ± 5. Dual nerve transfers were a predictor for a better eFACE total score p = 0.034, β = 2.350 [95% CI, 0.184–4.516]), as well as for a higher SFGS total score (p = 0.036, β = 5.412 [95% CI, 0.375–10.449]). All patients had Martin's grade I. Mean postoperative OPDI scores were 84 ± 17 (local physical), 69 ± 16 (simple and sensory motor components), 82 ± 14 (complex functions), and 73 ± 22 (psychosocial).ConclusionsThe side‐to‐end HFT offers predictable facial function outcome and preserves tongue function in nearly all cases. Dual nerve transfers appear to improve the final outcome.
Molecular networks of hepatoblastoma predisposition and oncogenesis in Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Sobel Naveh Natali S. , Traxler Emily M. , Duffy Kelly A. , Kalish Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Beckwith‐Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is the most common human overgrowth disorder caused by structural and epigenetic changes to chromosome 11p15. Patients with BWS are predisposed to developing hepatoblastoma (HB). To better understand the mechanism of HB oncogenesis in this cancer predisposition background, we performed the first multi‐dimensional study of HB samples collected from patients diagnosed with BWS. This multi‐omic investigation of seven BWS HB and five matched nontumor BWS liver samples from 7 unique patients included examination of whole exome sequences, messenger RNA/microRNA expression, and methylation levels to elucidate the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic landscape of BWS‐associated HB. We compared the transcriptional profiles of the BWS samples, both HB and nontumor, to that of control livers. Genes differentially expressed across BWS tissues were identified as BWS HB predisposition factors; this gene group included cell cycle regulators, chromatin organizers, and WNT, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT members. We also compared transcriptional changes associated with non‐syndromic HB carrying BWS‐like 11p15 alterations compared to those without, as well as to BWS HB. Through this analysis, we identified factors specific to 11p15‐altered HB oncogenesis, termed the BWS oncogenesis network. We propose that 11p15 alterations drive HB oncogenesis by initially dysregulating cell‐cycle regulators and chromatin organizers, including histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), ATP‐dependent helicase X, and F‐Box and WD repeat domain containing 7. Furthermore, we found oncogenic factors such as dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 and 4, WNT16, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), and MAPK10 are differentially expressed in 11p15‐altered HB in both the BWS and non‐syndromic backgrounds. These genes warrant further investigation as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
Immune‐mediated liver injury following COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review
Authors: Roy Akash , Verma Nipun , Singh Surender , Pradhan Pranita , Taneja Sunil , Singh Meenu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Immune‐mediated liver injury (ILI) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination is not well‐characterized. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature on ILI after COVID‐19 vaccination. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, Embase, and gray literature to include articles describing ILI following COVID‐19 vaccination. Reports without confirmatory evidence from liver biopsy were excluded. Descriptive analysis, and study quality were reported as appropriate. Of the 1,048 articles found, 13 (good/fair quality; 23 patients) were included. Studies were primarily from Europe (n = 8), America (n = 2), Asia (n = 2), or Australia (n = 1). Patients were predominantly females (62.5%) of age 55.3 years (49.1–61.4), with an antecedent exposure to Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 (47.8%), Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA (39.2%), or ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine (13%). Pre‐existing comorbidities (69.6%) were common, including liver disease in 26.1% and thyroid disorders in 13% of patients. About two‐thirds of the patients were on concurrent medications (paracetamol, levothyroxine, statins, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs). Jaundice was the most common symptom (78.3%). Peak bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 10.8 (6.8–14.8) mg/dl, 1,106.5 (757.0–1,702.5) U/L, and 229 (174.6–259.6) U/L, respectively. Histological findings were intense portal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with interface hepatitis. Steroids were used in 86.9% of patients, and complete response, recovering course, and death were reported in 56.5%, 39.1%, and 4.3% of patients, respectively. ILI following COVID‐19 vaccination is rare. The diagnosis is established on temporal correlation, biochemical findings, and histopathology. Prognosis is excellent with corticosteroids. Causality establishment remains a challenge.
Normal cerebral blood vessels under ultrasound in SD rats of different ages
Authors: Luo Bo‐Yan , Liu Jin‐Xiang , Xiong Liu‐Lin , Fang Chang‐Le , He Yu‐Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine whether ultrasound can examine the development of cerebral vascular structure and cerebral blood flow in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats by ultrasound in a noninvasive manner, which provides a reference for ultrasound research of SD rats. Thirty‐nine SD rats (7–16 days old) were divided into seven groups according to age, and the number of SD rats in each group was, respectively, 7, 17, 1, 3, 2, 8, and 1. Ultrasound was used to detect cerebral blood vessels, cerebrovascular flow velocity, and heart rate in SD rats in the sagittal and coronal positions, and images were obtained in B‐mode ultrasound. The cerebral vascular structure of 39 SD rats (7–16 days) was dynamically observed under B‐ultrasound. We found that the cerebral vascular structure of the rats aged 7–10 days was clear and detectable. Rats aged 11–16 days of cerebral vascular structures became thinner and undetectable. Quantitative analysis of cerebrovascular flow rate and heart rate in rats found that there was no significant difference in cerebrovascular blood flow rate and heart rate between 7 and 8 days. Ultrasound can also be used in rat animal studies, that is, the cerebral blood flow in rats of different ages can be monitored in real‐time by ultrasound in a noninvasive way.
Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater
Authors: Miito Gilbert J. , Ndegwa Pius M. , Alege Femi P. , Coulibaly Sifolo S. , Harrison Joe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDairy effluent is a potential source of gaseous pollutants associated with global warming and soil acidification. Mitigating such emissions during handling and storage requires substantial financial and labor input. This study evaluated a low‐cost technology for mitigating gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater. For 9 mo, a pilot‐scale vermifilter system installed on a commercial dairy farm was studied. Bimonthly samples of the dairy wastewater influent and effluent from the vermifilter system were collected. These samples’ potential gas emissions (ammonia [NH3], methane [CH4], carbon dioxide [CO2], and nitrous oxide [N2O]) were measured using a closed‐loop dynamic flux chamber method. Results indicated the following reductions in emissions of these gases by the vermifilter system: 84–100% for NH3, 58–82% for CO2, and 95–100% for CH4. Nitrous oxide emissions were mainly below our instrument detection limits and were thus not reported. The vermifilter showed the potential of reducing the global warming potential from the dairy wastewater by up to 100%. This study further indicated that higher ambient temperatures led to higher emissions of CH4 (R2 = .56) and NH3 (R2 = .53) from untreated dairy wastewater. Overall, the vermifilter system has potential to mitigate gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater.
Successful use of empagliflozin to treat neutropenia in two G6PC3‐deficient children: Impact of a mutation in SGLT5
Authors: Boulanger Cécile , Stephenne Xavier , Diederich Jennifer , Mounkoro Pierre , Chevalier Nathalie , Ferster Alina , Van Schaftingen Emile , Veiga‐da‐Cunha Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction found in deficiencies in G6PC3 and in the glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter (G6PT/SLC37A4) are due to accumulation of 1,5‐anhydroglucitol‐6‐phosphate (1,5‐AG6P), an inhibitor of hexokinase made from 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG), an abundant polyol present in blood. Lowering blood 1,5‐AG with an SGLT2 inhibitor greatly improved neutrophil counts and function in G6PC3‐deficient mice and in patients with G6PT‐deficiency. We evaluate this treatment in two G6PC3‐deficient children. While neutropenia was severe in one child (PT1), which was dependent on granulocyte cololony‐stimulating factor (GCSF), it was significantly milder in the other one (PT2), which had low blood 1,5‐AG levels and only required GCSF during severe infections. Treatment with the SGLT2‐inhibitor empagliflozin decreased 1,5‐AG in blood and 1,5‐AG6P in neutrophils and improved (PT1) or normalized (PT2) neutrophil counts, allowing to stop GCSF. On empagliflozin, both children remained infection‐free (>1 year – PT2; >2 years – PT1) and no side effects were reported. Remarkably, sequencing of SGLT5, the gene encoding the putative renal transporter for 1,5‐AG, disclosed a rare heterozygous missense mutation in PT2, replacing the extremely conserved Arg401 by a histidine. The higher urinary clearance of 1,5‐AG explains the more benign neutropenia and the outstanding response to empagliflozin treatment found in this child. Our data shows that SGLT2 inhibitors are an excellent alternative to treat the neutropenia present in G6PC3‐deficiency.
Acceptance of COVID‐19 booster vaccination based on the protection motivation theory: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Wu Fan , Yuan Yue , Deng Zhaomin , Yin Di , Shen Qiufeng , Zeng Jiehua , Xie Yanhong , Xu Meifen , Yang Meiyi , Jiang Shiqiang , Zhang Chunhuan , Lu Huixi , Sun Caijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe promotion of the booster shots against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is an open issue to be discussed. Little is known about the public intention and the influencing factors regarding the booster vaccine. A cross‐sectional survey in Chinese adults was conducted using an online questionnaire, which designed on the basis of protection motivation theory (PMT) scale and vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to compare the fitness of the PMT scale and VHS for predicting booster vaccination intention. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the acceptance. Six thousand three hundred twenty‐one (76.8%) of participants were willing to take the booster shot. However, the rest of the participants (23.2%) were still hesitant to take the booster vaccine. The PMT scale was more powerful than the VHS in explaining the vaccination intention. Participants with high perceived severity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.69) and response cost (aOR = 0.47) were less willing to take the booster shots, but participants with high perceived susceptibility (aOR = 1.19), response efficacy (aOR = 2.13), and self‐efficacy (aOR = 3.33) were more willing to take the booster shots. In summary, interventions based on PMT can provide guidance to ensure the acceptance of the booster vaccine.
Viscoelastic micellar system of mixed surfactin and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
Authors: Zhao Yuqing , He Jinlan , Xu Wenting , Fang Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurfactin is a kind of lipopeptide biosurfactant with good performance. In order to solve the difficulty of surfactin thickening, this study investigated the new viscoelastic micellar system composed of surfactin and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and its rheological properties. The influences of mass ratio, pH, and temperature on the rheological properties of the system were studied. Under optimized mass ratio and pH, the maximum viscosity of surfactin/OTAC (4.5/7.5 w/w, pH = 5.34) is obtained as 13,904 mPa s. The flow curves of surfactin/OTAC micelle system can be described by Cross constitutive equation. The rheological properties of surfactin/OTAC viscoelastic micelle systems are obtained, including thixotropy, viscoelasticity, and viscosity‐temperature properties. The research on the new surfactin/OTAC system expanded the viscoelastic micelle systems of microbial surfactant series, which was expected to provide the rheological basis for the research of the surfactin micellar systems and be applied to the development and production of daily chemical industry, oil recovery, and other fields.
Multi‐scale species density model for conserving an endangered songbird
Authors: Mueller James M. , Sesnie Steven E. , Lehnen Sarah E. , Davis Helen T. , Giocomo James J. , Macey John N. , Long Ashley M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHabitat modeling across a landscape that has gradients of habitat conditions requires potential predictor data that can be quantified at biologically relevant scales. We used remotely sensed data to develop a multi‐scale density model in 2018 for the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia; warbler), a species that breeds in Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei)‐oak (Quercus spp.) woodlands in central Texas, USA. We first classified Ashe juniper and broadleaf tree cover at a 1‐m resolution and used this to map potential habitat across the warbler's >67,000‐km2 breeding range. We then designed a survey for estimating warbler density based on hierarchical distance sampling. We used stratified random sampling to survey for male warblers at 1,804 points across the continuum of tree canopy cover and composition and detected 810 warblers during our surveys. We developed a suite of potential predictor variables for modeling warbler density that reflected vegetation, topography, climate, and anthropogenic land use conditions across the breeding range and developed these at 3 scales representing the territory, site, and landscape. We modeled warbler density and used the best fit model to produce a spatially explicit estimate. Predicted warbler density was influenced by tree canopy cover and canopy height at the territory scale (100‐m radius); tree canopy cover, percent of the canopy comprised of juniper, and an interaction between canopy cover and compound topographic index at the site scale (1‐km radius); and annual temperature range at the landscape scale (5‐km radius). We estimated a population size of 217,444 male warblers (95% CI = 153,917–311,965) and >3,000 males in each recovery unit. After controlling for the duration of point count surveys, our estimate of population size was similar to that reported from the only previous breeding range survey conducted in 2008–2009. Our model results indicated that management activities to increase warbler density should promote woodlands with high tree canopy cover, approximately 60–80% Ashe juniper composition, and tree heights >3 m. In contrast to a patch‐based approach, our treatment of habitat variables as continuous helped to credibly map the warbler distribution across areas with broad transitions from woodlands to shrublands. By measuring these predictor variables at biologically relevant scales, we allowed the warbler survey data to define habitat relationships instead of using anthropogenically defined habitat patches. Outcomes from our study show the benefits of developing spatial products tailored to individual species of interest for conservation and management decisions.
Golden eagle use of winter roadkill and response to vehicles in the western United States
Authors: Slater Steven J. , Maloney Dustin M. , Taylor Jessica M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVehicle collisions are a significant source of wildlife mortality worldwide, but less attention has been given to secondary mortality of roadkill scavengers, such as the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). We sought to quantify golden eagle winter use of roadkill mammal carcasses and eagle flushing from vehicles in Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming, USA, as proxies for strike risk, using motion‐sensitive cameras. We monitored 160 carcasses and captured 2,146 eagle–vehicle interactions at 58 carcasses (1–240 observations/carcass) during winters of 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019. We used generalized linear mixed models, which suggested that eagle use of carcasses declined with time since camera deployment but increased with distance to road. Flushing from vehicles decreased with carcass distance to road but was higher in the morning, in response to larger vehicles and vehicles in the closest lane, and in the Oregon study area. We suggest that roadkill distance to road is the easiest factor to manipulate with the dual benefits of increasing food availability to golden eagles and decreasing flush‐related vehicle strike risk. We recommend that roadkill be moved at least 12 m from the road to increase eagle use and decrease flushing 4‐fold relative to behavior observed at the road edge. Because flushing from roadkill is believed to be the primary cause of eagle–vehicle strikes, informed roadkill management has the potential to reduce human‐caused mortality of golden eagles.
Tibetan Plateau greening driven by warming‐wetting climate change and ecological restoration in the 21st century
Authors: Huang Yanzhang , Xin Zhongbao , Dor‐ji Tsechoe , Wang Yafeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh altitude areas play an essential role in the global climate system, and their fragile ecosystems sensitively respond to climate change and human activities. An improved understanding of the influences of multiple factors on the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation is needed. This study aimed to understand further the impacts of climate, geography, and human on vegetation and disentangle the contributions of climate and humans to vegetation changes using the MOD13Q1 enhanced vegetation index (EVI, 2000–2019). Greening was detected for 70% of the Tibetan Plateau under increased warming and wetting in the 21st century. A rise in temperature of up to 0.66 ± 0.49°C decade−1 occurred over 2/3 of the Tibetan Plateau, while precipitation increased slightly. In particular, significant greening covered 1/4 of the Tibetan Plateau and occurred within the steppe and desert on the northern due to wetting and ecological protection. Browning depended on urbanization, overgrazing, and lake expansion in 1.9% of the total area. Orbicular browning around lakes accounted for 18.4% of significant browning, and significant browning trends were also detected in densely populated cities situated at low‐altitude and flat areas. The EVI was more strongly positively correlated with the annual mean minimum temperature than the annual mean temperature and maximum temperature and was sensitive to extreme low precipitation events. Residual analysis showed that the relative contribution of climate change was 34%, and that of human activities was 66%. A comprehensive description of the vegetation changes on the Tibetan Plateau will help humans to cope with climate change and ecosystem evolution in high altitude.