bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal transformation of glycerol to lactic acid in alkaline medium using Cu catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite-like precursors.
Authors: Moreira Arthur B.F. , Nogueira Daniel S. , Freitas Isabelle C. , Júnior Ricardo L. Souza , Chagas Carlos Alberto , Souza Mariana M.V.M. , Manfro Robinson Luciano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The conversion of glycerol into lactic acid in alkaline medium using heterogeneous catalysts has been highlighted and has proved to be an efficient alternative to the conventional fermentative route. This work investigated the production of lactic acid from glycerol in alkaline medium using copper catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite-like precursors in a continuous flow reaction system and the effect of different copper loading on catalytic behaviors in terms of yield and selectivity to lactic acid. The catalysts were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and characterized by XRF, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, and the copper dispersion was determined by N2O oxidation. The reaction was performed for 30 h at 240°C, 35 atm, using space velocity (WHSV) of 2 h− 1, solution of 10 vol% glycerol, and NaOH/glycerol molar ratio of 0.75. Although the 30CuHT catalyst presented higher BET surface areas, Cu dispersion, and basicity than the 20CuHT catalyst, the best results in terms of glycerol conversion (96.5%) and yield (64%) to lactic acid were obtained in the catalytic test performed with the 20CuHT catalyst. This result may be related to the reaction steps that occur in the liquid phase in the presence of the hydroxyl group (OH-). Furthermore, the high content of Cu may favor the hydrogenation of the reaction intermediates (2-hydroxypropenal and pyruvaldehyde), increasing the formation of 1,2-propanediol and consequently reducing the yield of lactic acid. Finally, the catalytic activity of the reduced and non-reduced catalysts was investigated, and the results showed that copper oxide also has catalytic activity. However, the reduction of copper oxide provides better results.
Vermiremediation of paper mill sludge with cow dung and tea waste amendments using epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny)
Authors: Badhwar Vinay Kumar , Singh Sukhwinderpal , Singh Balihar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Vermiremediation of paper mill sludge (PMS) was done by Eisenia fetida after adding cow dung (CD) and tea waste (TW). In all, six reactors were prepared: R1 [CD (100%)], R2 [PMS: CD (1:2)], R3 [PMS: CD (1:1)], R4 [PMS: TW: CD (1:1:1)], R5 [PMS: TW: CD (1:2:1)] & R6 [PMS: TW: CD (2:1:1)]. A significant decrease in heavy metals was observed: Cd (37.2–58.2%), Cr (57.0-74.3%), Cu (67.3–79.8%), Ni (74.7–81.9%), Pb (78.8–83.4%) & Zn (71.2–77.4%); while heavy metal concentrations in earthworm tissues (mg.kg− 1) were recorded as: Cd (2.79–3.24), Cr (23.54–28.76), Cu (9.53–11.56), Ni (3.52–3.99), Pb (8.76–9.43) & Zn (23.12–29.72), after 60 days of study period. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of E.fetida was in the order: Ni > Cd > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cu. R3 obtained the maximum heavy metal removal (74.45%) while that in R4 (72.93%) also emphasized the use of tea waste in the bioremediation process. It was finally observed that cow dung and tea waste amendments favored the vermiremoval of heavy metals from paper mill sludge using Eisenia fetida.
Comparison of re-excision rates in patients undergoing breast conserving therapy with wire localization vs. RFID localization for non-palpable early-stage breast cancer and DCIS in a community hospital
Authors: Fernow Amy , Roche Faith Anne , Winter Allyson , Corbett Julie , Shaffer Lynn , Arp Irina , Padia Shilpa , Slam Kristine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with early-stage breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are typically offered breast conserving therapy (BCT). Various techniques are available to localize the breast lesion. The objective of this study was to ensure that use of radiofrequency identification tags (RFID) for localization of nonpalpable early-stage breast cancer and DCIS is not inferior to the previously utilized method of wire localization.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study to compare re-excision rates for breast cancer and DCIS patients who underwent BCT with wire vs RFID localization. Data on demographics, cancer pathology and surgery details for patients treated during 2019 to 2020 was collected from Mount Carmel Health System charts and an associated outpatient surgery center. The primary outcomes were margin status and re-excision rate. The estimated sample size was 316. Wire and RFID groups were compared using Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.Results: Three-hundred sixty patients were evaluated (139 wire, 221 RFID). The positive margin rates were low in both groups, and non-inferior for RFID compared to wire localization patients (4.5% vs. 2.2%, p=0.1392). The re-excision rates were equivalent for patients in the RFID and wire groups (0.5% vs. 0.7%, p=1.0). Conclusions: In this large study directly comparing patients with wire vs. RFID, the localization methods had equivalent positive margin and re-excision rates. RFID can provide a more convenient option for patients without jeopardizing surgical management.
Association between Pre-Hospital Antibiotic Exposure and Level of Bacterial Resistance (PHAE Study): A Matched Case Control Study at the Medical and Paediatric wards of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital-South Western Uganda
Authors: Buzaare Peter , Tusiimire Jonans , Namugambe Juliet , Muzoora Conrad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the association between pre-hospital antibiotic exposure and level of bacterial resistance among adult and paediatric patients.
Methods:
In the study, 79 antibiotic pre-exposed patients (cases) were compared with 79 non-pre-exposed patients (controls) hospitalized at medical and paediatric wards at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) for various bacterial diagnoses. Data collected included participant demographics, previous medications and bacterial culture and sensitivity results. Data was analysed to determine the odds ratios for the occurrence of bacterial resistance between the cases and controls.
Results:
Results from the study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of antibiotic resistance between pre-exposed and non-pre-exposed participants (OR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.045 - 5.51, P = 0.571), whereby “no resistance” was defined as zero antibiotics resisted and “resistance” defined as 1 or more antibiotics resisted. However, when we adjusted the definition of “no resistance” and “resistance” to mean “one or less antibiotics resisted” and “two or more antibiotics resisted” respectively, there was a statistically significant more resistance in pre-exposed participants (cases) compared to non-pre-exposed participants (OR: 7, 95% CI: 1.59 - 30.8; p = 0.010). When the definition of resistance was further adjusted upwards to “three or more antibiotics resisted”, the resistance in cases was still significantly higher compared to controls (OR: 5.4, 95%CI: 2.42 - 12.2, p = 0.000) and when the definition of resistance was further adjusted to “four or more antibiotics resisted”, the OR increased even further (OR: 7.14, 95%CI: 3.24 - 15.8, p = 0.000). Ceftriaxone (17.6%) and amoxicillin (14.1%) were the commonest antibiotics to which participants were pre-exposed.
Conclusion:
The study showed that pre-hospital antibiotic exposure is strongly associated with resistance to one or more antibiotics. Strategies should be sought to reduce the level of such exposures and to enforce proper screening of patients during admission to facilitate rational prescription of antibiotics, improve quality of care, and slow the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the management of infections.
Registration: This study was approved and registered by Mbarara University Research Ethics Committee (MUREC) and its number is 53/03-20
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for 10-20 mm pedunculated colorectal polyps: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Gao Hui , Zheng Shuhao , Liu Cenqin , Yuan Xin , Xie Jiarong , Xu Lei , Chen Xueqin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The prophylactic application of clips for large pedunculated colorectal polyp resection may prevent postpolypectomy bleeding (PPB) but carries the risk of tumor remnants. This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) without clips before resecting large pedunculated polyps.Methods: Pedunculated polyps with a head diameter of 10-20 mm, a stalk diameter of ≥ 5 mm and a stalk length of ≥ 10 mm were eligible for inclusion and removed by UEMR without prophylactically clipping stem. The primary outcome was the rate of PPB, which included immediate PPB (IPPB) and delayed PPB (DPPB). The secondary outcomes included the rate of en bloc resection, complete resection, R0 resection and other adverse events.Results: Totally, 28 patients with 32 polyps were included in this study. The head diameter was 14.6 ± 3.5 mm. After polypectomy, two cases (6.3%) of nonactive spurting IPPB were observed, and no DPPB occurred during the follow-up period. All pedunculated polyps were successfully resected and achieved en bloc resection, complete resection and R0 resection. None of the polyps showed evidence of other severe adverse events.Conclusion: UEMR without the application of prophylactic clips has a low postpolypectomy bleeding rate and low risk of residual tumor and other severe adverse events. Therefore, it might be suitable and safe for resection of 10-20 mm pedunculated polyps.Trial registration: The study was registered on 08/04/2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04837690).
Crop mobilization of retained phosphorus and changes in phosphorus compounds in soils amended with compost
Authors: Li Xue , Romanyà Joan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Microbiota can favour crop access to phosphorus (P) pools retained in soil. Microbial activity and P mobilization can be enhanced by soil carbon and root exudates.Aims We aimed to study the changes in organic and inorganic P (Po; Pi) forms and compounds in organically fertilised soils growing crops for two years.Methods Crops were grown in pots with compost added at the soil surface. We measured changes in microbial carbon, soluble carbon, total Po and Pi forms, the less labile EDTA-NaOH-Pi (-Po), and labile NaHCO3-Pi (-Po) in surface and subsurface soils from crop-free pots amended with compost and unamended, and from amended pots growing crops. P compounds in the EDTA-NaOH extract were measured by 31P-NMR.Results Compost addition increased the levels of Pi and although it had no effect on Po it increased inositol hexakisphosphate and other-monoesters. After the application of compost, the amount of total organic carbon, soluble carbon and P forms increased in surface soil, while in the subsurface soil there was a reduction in organic carbon and an increase in soluble carbon, total Pi, EDTA-NaOH-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi and the less labile EDTA-NaOH-Po and labile NaHCO3-Po. Growing crops reduced all measured Pi forms and had no observable impact on total Po in either organic C-enriched or organic C-depleted soils.Conclusions Crops mostly used Pi from the low P availability C-depleted layer. Large reductions in NaHCO3-Po and increased levels of other-monoesters in crop growing organic C-enriched layers may suggest microbial mobilization and crop use of this pool.
CTCF loss induces giant lamellar bodies in Purkinje cell dendrites
Authors: Hirayama Teruyoshi , Yuuki Kadooka , Tarusawa Etsuko , Saito Sei , Nakayama Hisako , Hoshino Natsumi , Nakama Soichiro , Fukuishi Takahiro , Kawanishi Yudai , Umeshima Hiroki , Tomita Koichi , Yoshimura Yumiko , Galjart Niels , Hashimoto Kouichi , Ohno Nobuhiko , Yagi Takeshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellum causes severe motor deficits. The peculiar lamellar structures known as “giant lamellar bodies” (GLBs) have been reported in PCs of patients with Werdnig-Hoffman disease, 13q deletion syndrome, and Krabbe’s disease. GLBs are localized to PC dendrites and are associated with neurodegeneration. They have been noted, however, only in case reports following autopsy, and reports of their existence have been very limited. Here we show that GLBs were reproducibly formed in PC dendrites of a mouse model, in which the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was deleted. CTCF orchestrates gene expression by organizing the three-dimensional chromatin structure. The mouse model showed progressive motor dysfunction and abnormal dendritic morphology in PCs, including dendritic self-avoidance defects and proximal shift in the climbing fibre innervation territory on PC dendrites. GLBs were not clearly found in PC dendrites at infancy but instead developed with age. In conjunction with GLB development, the endoplasmic reticulum was almost absent around the nuclei, the mitochondria were markedly swollen and their cristae had decreased drastically, and almost all PCs eventually disappeared as severe motor deficits manifested. Thus, our results are the first experimental demonstration that GLBs represent a pathological alteration of PCs and suggest different genetic backgrounds involved in the induction of GLBs.
Low Incidence of Alcohol Relapse following Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Falari Sanyam Santosh , Mohapatra Nihar , Patil Nilesh Sadashiv , Pattnaik Bramhadatta , Varshney Mohit , Choudhury Ashok , Sarin Shiv Kumar , Pamecha Viniyendra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Alcohol relapse after liver transplantation has a negative impact on outcomes. There is limited data on its burden, the predictors, and the impact following live donor liver transplantation (LDLT).
Methods
A single-center observational study was carried out between July 2011 and March 2021 for patients undergoing LDLT for Alcohol associated liver disease (ALD). The incidence, predictors of alcohol relapse, and post-transplant outcomes were assessed.
Results
Altogether 720 LDLT were performed during the study period, 203 (28.19%) for ALD. The overall relapse rate was 9.85% (n = 20) with a median follow-up of 52 months (range, 12-140 months). Sustained harmful alcohol use was seen in 4 (1.97%). On multivariate analysis, pre-LT relapse (p=0.001), duration of abstinence less than 3 months (p=0.007), daily intake of alcohol (p=0.001), absence of life partner (p=0.021), concurrent tobacco abuse before transplant (p=0.001), the donation from second-degree relative (p=0.003) and poor compliance with medications (p=0.001) were identified as predictors for relapse. Alcohol relapse was associated with the risk of graft rejection (HR 4.54,95% CI 1.751–11.80, p = 0.002).
Conclusion
Our results show that the overall incidence of relapse and rate of harmful drinking following LDLT is low. Donation from spouse and first degree relative was protective. History of daily intake, prior relapse, pre-transplant abstinence of less than three-months duration and lack of family support significantly predicted relapse.
Mobile educational tool based on augmented reality technology for tooth carving: results of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lim Eun-Jeong , Kim Yi-Seul , Im Ji-Eun , Lee Jae-Gi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In this study, an augmented reality (AR)-based tooth carving practice tool (TCPT) was developed and evaluated. This study aimed to reduce the difficulties faced by beginners in tooth carving practice, supplement the time and space constraints of the practice model that is only used in the laboratory, and increase user convenience.
Methods
The tooth carving process was performed using a sequential three-dimensional (3D) model. The camera of a mobile device with an Android operating system was used to recognize the image markers, and the process of carving a tooth was displayed on the screen and sequentially implemented in AR. According to the stage of tooth completion, the maxillary canine and maxillary first premolar were modeled in 16 steps, the mandibular first premolar in 13 steps, and the mandibular first molar in 14 steps. Based on the learner’s carving stage, the user assessed the step-by-step tooth carving process that was augmented and displayed on the screen of the mobile device. In a dental morphology practice class, 79 participants were randomly selected for user evaluation; of these, 40 were in the control group using a plastic model and 39 were in the experimental group using the AR-TCPT.
Results
The scores of user experience with AR-TCPT was evaluated as high and was approved for motivation, understanding, memory, visualization, repeatability, user convenience, flexibility, easy operation, interaction, enjoyment, confirmation of tooth shape, and provision of information for tooth carving.
Conclusion
AR-TCPT can help learners effectively carve teeth and easily understand the teeth carving stage in 3D compared with traditional practice tools.
SPP1+ macrophages: A malignant macrophage subset in the colorectal cancer microenvironment revealed by single-cell sequencing
Authors: Zheng Jianyong , Xie Zhenyu , Niu Liaoran , Zheng Gaozan , Li Ruikai , Dan Hanjun , Duan Lili , Wu Hongze , Ren Guangming , Dou Xinyu , Feng Fan , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Accumulating single-cell studies suggest that SPP1 + macrophages are key players in the tumor microenvironment. However, a systematic investigation of SPP1 + macrophages in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been conducted. A total of eight single-cell RNA-seq datasets and 16 bulk RNA-seq datasets were included in this study. On the basis of existing research, we propose the SPP1 + macrophage model paradigm, which can explain the clinical features and functional changes of macrophages in CRC better than the M1/M2 polarization theory. We identified four macrophage subsets from CRC myeloid cells: FCN1 + macrophages, C1QC + macrophages, SPP1 + macrophages, and MKI67 + macrophages. Inflammation, phagocytosis, malignancy, and proliferation were identified as the most prominent features related to each of the four macrophage subsets. Our results show that SPP1 + macrophages can serve as markers of CRC occurrence, progression, metastasis and a poor prognosis and exhibit enhanced transcription of genes associated with angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, glycolysis, hypoxia, and immunosuppressive signatures. CellPhoneDB analysis further indicated that SPP1 may mediate crosstalk between SPP1 + macrophages and other cells via the SPP1-CD44, SPP1-PTGER4 and SPP1-a4b1 complex axes. Additionally, our study suggests that SPP1 + macrophages are associated with the benefit of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and that immunotherapy targeting SPP1 + macrophages is expected to improve the prognosis of CRC patients. Furthermore, anti-CSF1R treatment is more likely to preferentially deplete CSF1R-enriched C1QC + macrophages versus SPP1 + macrophages, which may account for the minimal effect of this monotherapy.
Growth performance, carcass characteristics; and cost-benefits analysis of grower-finisher pigs fed hatchery waste meal
Authors: Asiedu peter , Gyamera Ebenezer , Bumbie Gifty Ziema , Amoah Kwame Owusu , Wallace Paul Amponsah , Prah Anthony Annan , Odoi Frederick. Nii Ako 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 16-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with hatchery waste meal (HWM) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs. Sixty (60) Large White grower intact male pigs at an average liveweight of 17.55 ± 0.1 kg were randomly allotted in equal numbers to 5 dietary treatments designated as 0% HWM, 2.5% HWM, 5.0% HWM, 7.5% HWM and 10.0% HWM. The diets were formulated to be iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. The pigs were fed on restricted basis at 5% of the group body weight and had free access to water. Whereas ADG by the grower- finisher pigs were best on HWM 0%, HWM 2.5% and HWM 5%, FCR and day to slaughter were best on HWM 2.5%. The data revealed that feeding HWM 7.5% (210.49 kg) and HWM 10% (210.92) resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher total feed intake (TFI) compared to those fed 0% HWM (175.12 kg), 2.5 % HWM (172.87 kg) and 5.0 % HWM (190.49 kg). Inclusion of HWM up to 10%did not affect any of the carcass parameters measured. From the results of the study, it can be inferred that HWM could be included in pig diets up to 5% without any adverse effects on growth performance and carcass evaluation.
Reprogramming of fish somatic cells for nuclear transfer is primed by Xenopus egg extract
Authors: Chenais Nathalie , Cam Aurelie Le , Guillet Brigitte , Lareyre Jean-Jacques , Labbe Catherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming in vitro prior to nuclear transfer is one strategy expected to improve clone survival during development. In this study, we investigated the reprogramming extent of fish fin somatic cells after in vitro exposure to Xenopus egg extract and subsequent culture. Using a cDNA microarray approach, we observed drastic changes in the gene expression profile of the treated cells. Several actors of the TGFβ and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as some mesenchymal markers, were inhibited in treated cells, while several epithelial markers were upregulated. This was associated with morphological changes of the cells in culture, suggesting that egg extract drove somatic cells towards a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), the hallmark of somatic reprogramming in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, treated cells were also characterized by a strong decrease in de novo lipid biosynthesis metabolism, the lack of re-expression of pou2 and nanog pluripotency markers, and absence of DNA methylation remodeling of their promoter region. In all, this study showed that Xenopus egg extract treatment initiated an in vitro reprogramming of fin somatic cells in culture. Although not thorough, the induced changes have primed the somatic chromatin for a better embryonic reprogramming upon nuclear transfer.