bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pædagogisk kvalitet og det pædagogfaglige fællesskab
Authors: Togsverd Line , Rothuizen Jan Jaap 
Published: October 2022

ResumeDenne artikel undersøger pædagogers faglige fællesskab som et fænomen, der har betydning for udøvelsen af god pædagogik. Med afsæt i almenpædagogikken påstår vi, at der er pædagogiske grunde til at kultivere det pædagogfaglige fællesskab, fordi det er her, man kan støtte hinanden i at drage ansvar for den pædagogiske kvalitet. I det pædagogfagligt fællesskab bringes viden i spil, og handlinger og forståelser kvalificeres i mødet med andre forståelser, der åbner for flere nuancer, perspektiver og handlemuligheder i den pædagogiske praksis. I artiklen genbesøger vi empiri og forskningsmæssige erfaringer fra tidligere projekter, hvor vi – i samarbejde med pædagoger - har været optagede af at forstå og begrebssætte, hvad det vil sige at noget er pædagogisk, altså har en pædagogisk kvalitet og beskaffenhed. En genkommende pointe i dette arbejde har været, at det ikke kun er en særlig faglighed, der hører til det pædagogiske. Det er også et pædagogfagligt fællesskab, der kan tage vare på, at pædagogikken undersøges, udøves og udvikles på måder, hvor man støtter hinanden i at finde vej, men også i at holde fagligheden åben, så den kan forme sig i mødet med de altid konkrete og enestående situationer, man er midt i. Artiklen undersøger det pædagogfaglige fællesskab, dets karakter og betydning, med henblik på at udlægge, hvordan det kan forstås, begrundes og praktiseres.
AbstractThe community of professional practitioners in educational practiceIn previous research projects practitioners emphasized the significance of their communities of practitioners for the quality of pedagogical practice. In our current research we examine systematically how this experience of the importance of the community of practitioners can be understood and whether there are theoretical justifications for it. With our stand in general pedagogy (allgemeine Pädagogik) we argue, that the practices of upbringing, education and social pedagogy as such are oriented towards strong values. The translation of those general values in specific situations involves the combination of an analytical understanding of the situation and relevant interpretation of the values at stake. This process can be qualified in a community of professional practitioners. So, an epistemological position that is not unfamiliar in the theory of professions and the distinct stand of pedagogical practice as a value-related practice legitimize the role of the community of practitioners and encourages practitioners to cultivate it.
The Child's Theory of Mind
Authors: Wellman Henry M. , Carey Susan , Gleitman Lila , Newport Elissa L. , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: October 2022

Wellman presents evidence that children as young as age three do possess a commonsense theory of mind—that they grasp the distinction between mental constructs and physical entities and that they have an understanding of the relationship between individuals' mental states and their overt actions. He delves in detail into questions about the nature of adults' commonsense theories of mind and about the nature of commonsense theories.
Wellman then examines the content of the three-year-old's theory of mind, the nature of children's notions of mind before age three, the changes in the theory during subsequent development from ages three to six, and the young child's conception of mind in comparison with those of older children and adults.
Bradford Books imprint
The Philosophical Computer
Authors: Grim Patrick , Mar Gary R. , St. Denis Paul 
Published: October 2022

The authors present a series of exploratory examples of computer modeling, using a range of computational techniques to illuminate a variety of questions in philosophy and philosophical logic. Topics include self-reference and paradox in fuzzy logics, varieties of epistemic chaos, fractal images of formal systems, and cellular automata models in game theory. Examples in the last category include models for the evolution of generosity, possible causes and cures for discrimination, and the formal undecidability of patterns of social and biological interaction.
The cross-platform CD-ROM provided with the book contains a variety of working examples, in color and often operating dynamically, embedded in a text that parallels that of the book. Source code of all major programs is included to facilitate further research.
Bradford Books imprint
Privacy on the Line
Authors: Diffie Whitfield , Landau Susan 
Published: October 2022

A guide to the debate over cryptography policy and the implications for individual privacy. Telecommunication has never been perfectly secure, as a Cold War culture of wiretaps and international spying taught us. Yet many of us still take our privacy for granted, even as we become more reliant than ever on telephones, computer networks, and electronic transactions of all kinds. Whitfield Diffie and Susan Landau argue that if we are to retain the privacy that characterized face-to-face relationships in the past, we must build the means of protecting that privacy into our communication systems.
Diffie and Landau strip away the hype surrounding the policy debate to examine the national security, law enforcement, commercial, and civil liberties issues. They discuss the social function of privacy, how it underlies a democratic society, and what happens when it is lost.
The Unity of the Self
Authors: White Stephen 
Published: October 2022

In these essays Stephen White examines the forms of psychological integration that give rise to self-knowable and self-conscious individuals who are responsible, concerned for the future, and capable of moral commitment. The essays cover a wide range of basic issues in philosophy of mind, metaphysics, moral psychology, and political philosophy, providing a coherent, sophisticated, and forcefully argued view of the nature of the self.
Beginning with mental content and ending with Rawls and utilitarianism, each essay argues a distinctive line. Together they are a unified and powerful philosophical position of considerable scope, one that provides a unique vision of the mind, consciousness, personhood, and morality.
White argues that the unity of the self revealed in personal identity and moral responsibility is best understood in normative terms. Basic to such features of the self are the patterns of self-concern in which they are characteristically displayed and the internal justification that supports such concern. The treatment of intentionality and consciousness that grounds this account emphasizes privileged selfknowledge and practical rationality and their corresponding contributions to the unity of the self. A final source of unity emerges from the analysis of our fundamental commitments, an analysis that ensures a central place in moral theory for the notion of the self.
Bradford Books imprint
Distribution and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Callinectes sapidus from Iko River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Ubong U. U. , Ekwere I. O. 
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) in the study area and evaluating the human health risk of their consumption. The tissues of concern were the gills, muscles and hepatopancreas in the male and female crab species, while the heavy metals assessed were Cd, Ni and Pb. Heavy metals levels in the tissues of Callinectes sapidus ranged as follow: Ni: hepatopancreas (182.97–313.53 mg/kg), gills (129.93–192.14mg/kg), muscles (93.09–165.84 mg/kg); Pb: hepatopancreas (22.86–39.65 mg/kg), gills (13.46–21.35 mg/kg), muscles (2.73 – 6.32 mg/kg); Cd: hepatopancreas (2.04 –9.03 mg/kg), gills (0.12–4.995 mg/kg), muscles (0.105–2.835 mg/kg), respectively. The highest metal concentrations were observed in the hepatopancreas tissue and in the female of the crab species. Furthermore, the metals’ levels were generally higher than the permissible level by FAO/WHO in seafood. To assess the heavy metals health risk to the inhabitants of the study area, the daily intake of metal (DIM) and total hazard Quotient (THQ) were estimated and were found to exceed the recommended values. The results reflect the risk of exposure for the period of life expectancy considered, and revealed that the inhabitants of the study area are highly exposed to the health risks associated with these metals.
Assessment of Quantitative Serum SARS-CoV-2-IgM Antibodies in Febrile Children and It`s Relation to Radiological Findings in Tanta University Hospital
Authors: Zahra Dina Amin Adel , Abdelrazek Ahmed Mohamed , Mabrouk Maaly Mohammed , Hamza Mohamed Basiony 
Published: October 2022

Background: Serological testing is urgently required since COVID-19 is the pandemic that is spreading the fastest in recent times, Although RT-PCR is an effective and specific method for diagnosing acute patients, serological tools are urgently required for examining antibody responses and evaluating both individual and prospective herd immunity. The aim of this study was divided into primary objectives were to assess serum IgM antibodies for SARS-Cov-2 in febrile children attending ER in Tanta University Hospital and secondary objectives were to assess computed tomography (CT) findings in febrile SARS-Cov-2 IgM antibody-positive individuals.
Methods: This cross-section study was carried out on sixty children presented by fever with any respiratory symptom as cough and dyspnea and fever with non-respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. The patients were divided into three equal groups: group 1: included healthy children, group 2: included febrile children with respiratory symptoms as cough and dyspnea and group3: included febrile children with fever alone or with non-respiratory symptoms as Gastrointestinal symptoms as vomiting and diarrhea, cutaneous manifestations as rash, and CNS manifestations.
Results: IgM were significantly higher in group II compared to other groups, significantly higher in group III compared to group I (P value <0.001).CO-RADS 2,4 and 5 were significantly higher in group II compared to other groups, CO-RADS 3 was insignificantly different between groups II and III. Patients with positive CXR at time of presentation were significantly higher in group II compared to other groups. (P value 0.005).
Conclusions: In children with COVID-19, Serum IgM to SARS-COV-2 was significantly higher in febrile children in Tanta University during the period from March 2021 to February 2022. According to CT findings, CO-RADS 2,4 and 5 were significantly higher in febrile patients with positive SARS-Cov-2 serum Igm Ab.
Mobile-base Registration System for Blood Donation (MBRS-BD)
Authors: Shukur Ban Salman , Mijwil Maad M. , Al-Sammarraie Najeeb Abbs 
Published: October 2022

In the healthcare management domain, blood donation receives a particular interest due to its crucial and vital importance in saving people’s lives. In Iraq, the blood donation procedure usually consumes a lot of time for donors as it is carried out through a non-automated and paper-based process, which is done only in hospitals/ medical centers for those who are willing to donate. Patients who are in a need for blood donation may have to wait until they receive the service, and this may results in dramatic or undesired consequences. At the same, the blood donation procedure negatively affects people who are willing or wish to donate blood and mostly leads to ignore this matter by a lot of them unless there is a critical situation concerning one of their family members. This paper propose a Mobile-Base Registration System for Blood Donation (MBRS_BD) using Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) to manage the process of donor’s registration automatically using a smartphone to simulate, ease, and minimize the time required for that. Donor can register in any available Iraqi hospitals/ medical center using MBRS-BD and go in the exact time to complete his/her donation process.
Incidence and Survival in Synchronous and Metachronous Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Reboux Noémi , Jooste Valérie , Goungounga Juste , Robaszkiewicz Michel , Nousbaum Jean-Baptiste , Bouvier Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceAlthough treatment and prognosis of synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer are relatively well known, a comparative description of the incidence, epidemiological features, and outcomes of synchronous and metachronous liver metastases is lacking. The difference in prognosis between patients with synchronous and metachronous liver metastases is controversial.ObjectiveTo investigate temporal patterns in the incidence and outcomes of synchronous vs metachronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study used information from a French regional digestive cancer registry accounting for 1 082 000 inhabitants. A total of 26 813 patients with a diagnosis of incident colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 2018, were included. Data were analyzed from February 7 to May 20, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge-standardized incidence was calculated. Univariate and multivariate net survival analyses were performed.ResultsOf 26 813 patients with colorectal cancer (15 032 men [56.1%]; median [IQR] age, 73 [64-81] years), 4546 (17.0%) presented with synchronous liver metastases. The incidence rate of synchronous liver metastases was 6.9 per 100 000 inhabitants in men and 3.4 per 100 000 inhabitants in women, with no significant variation since 2000. The 5-year cumulative incidence of metachronous liver metastases decreased from 18.6% (95% CI, 14.9%-22.2%) during the 1976 to 1980 period to 10.0% (95% CI, 8.8%-11.2%) during the 2006 to 2011 period. Cancer stage at diagnosis was the strongest risk factor for liver metastases; compared with patients diagnosed with stage II cancer, patients with stage III cancer had a 2-fold increase in risk (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.42; 95% CI, 2.08-2.82) for up to 5 years. Net survival at 1 year was 41.8% for synchronous liver metastases and 49.9% for metachronous metastases, and net survival at 5 years was 6.2% for synchronous liver metastases and 13.2% for metachronous metastases. Between the first (1976-1980) and last (2011-2016) periods, the adjusted ratio of death after synchronous and metachronous metastases was divided by 2.5 for patients with synchronous status and 3.7 for patients with metachronous status.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, the incidence of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases changed little over time, whereas there was a 2-fold decrease in the probability of developing metachronous liver metastases. Survival improved substantially for patients with metachronous liver metastases, whereas improvement was more modest for those with synchronous metastases. The differences observed in the epidemiological features of synchronous and metachronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer may be useful for the design of future clinical trials.
Feasibility of radical cardiac‐sparing, treatment planning strategies for patients with locally advanced, non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Joshua P. , Dewalt Jake , Feldman Aharon , Adil Khaled , Movsas Benjamin , Chetty Indrin J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeA set of treatment planning strategies were designed and retrospectively implemented for locally advanced, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in order to minimize cardiac dose without compromising target coverage goals.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed for 20 NSCLC patients prescribed to 60–66 Gy that received a mean heart dose (MHD) ≥10 Gy. Three planning approaches were designed and implemented. The first was a multi‐isocentric (MI) volume‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) approach (HEART_MI) with one isocenter located within the tumor and the second chosen up to 10 cm away longitudinally. The second was a noncoplanar (NCP) VMAT approach (HEART_NCP) utilizing up to three large couch angles and a standard arc at couch 0. The final planning strategy took a mixed approach (HEART_HYBRID) utilizing the HEART_NCP strategy for two thirds of the treatment combined with a plan utilizing a pair of opposite‐opposed gantry angles for the remaining treatments. Investigational plans were compared to original plans using dose–volume histogram metrics such as organ volume receiving greater than x Gy (Vx) or mean dose (Dmean).ResultsAlthough there was a small but statistically significant decrease in internal target volume coverage for HEART_MI plans and, conversely, a statistically significant increase for HEART_NCP plans, all generated plans met physician‐prescribed target constraints. For heart dose, there were statistically significant decreases in all heart metrics and particularly MHD for the HEART_MI (9.8 vs. 15.4 Gy [p < 0.001], respectively), HEART_NCP (9.2 vs. 15.4 Gy [p < 0.001]), respectively), and HEART_HYBRID (7.9 vs. 15.4 Gy [p < 0.001], respectively) strategies.ConclusionsThe strategy providing the best compromise between plan quality and cardiac dose reduction was HEART_NCP, which produced MHD reductions of 37.6% ± 12.9% (6.2 ± 3.4 Gy) relative to original plans. This strategy could potentially reduce adverse cardiac events, leading to improved quality of life for these patients.
A Universal Cl‐PEDOT Coating Strategy Based on Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition toward Solar‐Driven Multifunctional Energy Management
Authors: Ping Zhongxin , Fang Hao , Wang Kunpeng , Zhang Hui , Li Shikuo , Chen Jun , Huang Fangzhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConverting renewable solar energy into manageable thermal energy is significant for diverse applications. Nevertheless, integrating multifunctional solar‐to‐heat coating on various substrates and achieving large‐scale manufacture remains a challenge. Herein, Cl− doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (Cl‐PEDOT) coating on multiple substrates is successfully created using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) without to be restricted to the changeable substrate surface chemistry (e.g., wettability), sizes as well as dimensions (2D–3D). Partial Cl− doping and spontaneously formed microstructures can remarkably enhance near‐infrared absorption and hydrophilicity of coating. The Cl‐PEDOT coating manifests many advantages: universality, scalability, low‐cost, high efficiency, and stability. When used for solar steam generation, all Cl‐PEDOT coated substrates represent reinforced evaporation performance. The universality makes it possible to optimize the evaporator performance by structural design. Structural design as optimized energy flow enables the pyramid array wood‐based evaporator to set an evaporation record (≈1.19 kg m−2 h−1, ≈91%) under the weak‐light (0.5 sun). Moreover, a greenhouse and a crude‐oil cleaner are designed to achieve eco‐friendly, energy‐saving solar‐driven heating/dehumidification, and crude‐oil recovery without additional energy input. This study reveals that well‐designed oCVD is a simple and straightforward way to engineer lightweight and thermally insulating polymers into multifunctional solar‐to‐thermal composites toward diverse solar‐driven applications.
Slippage on Porous Spherical Superhydrophobic Surface Revolutionizes Heat Transfer of Non‐Newtonian Fluid
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Luo Zhongfan , Dong Peishi , Wang Shanshan , Ji Xiaoyan , Zhu Jiahua , Lu Xiaohua , Mu Liwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new strategy to achieve high‐efficient heat transfer for non‐Newtonian fluids with slippage using a stably prepared superhydrophobic coating is presented. A superhydrophobic coating is prepared on the inner surface of a sleeve at specific shear stress. The slippage and heat‐transfer processes of the typical non‐Newtonian fluid–1% carboxymethyl cellulose solutions on the superhydrophobic coating are investigated simultaneously. A novel porous spherical type of superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 168° is obtained. It is found that the shear stress in electrodeposition is a key parameter to control the morphology and wetting ability of the superhydrophobic coating. The slip length and enhancement factor of heat transfer for the non‐Newtonian fluid on the coating are found in a range of 20–900 µm and 1.47 experimentally. A new parameter is proposed as Reynolds number Re divided by the dimensionless slip length ls* (Re/ls*) for the heat‐transfer enhancement with slippage, which can be used as the guide for designing coating and selecting the operating conditions. The Re/ls* is <4, which can enhance the heat transfer via the slippage.
Photoredox/Ti Dual‐Catalyzed Dehydroxylation of Cyclobutanone Oximes for γ‐Cyanoalkyl Radical Generation: Access to Cyanoalkyl‐Substituted Oxoindolines
Authors: Yuan Weidong , Qu Anling , Li Yan , Li Huaigui , Chen Kang , Zhu Yingguang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, we have established a photoredox/Ti dual‐catalyzed dehydroxylation of cyclobutanone oximes. The resulting γ‐cyanoalkyl radicals undergo a cascade radical addition/cyclization with N‐acrylamides to afford cyanoalkyl substituted oxoindolines under mild conditions. This reaction also exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, it is applicable to late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules and gram‐scale synthesis, which illustrates its potential value in organic synthesis.magnified image
On‐farm cropping sensor‐based smart device for cutting energy measurement of cereal crops
Authors: Shivashimpar Anand , Parray Roaf Ahmad , Mani Indra , Kushwaha HL , Lande Satish , Mirzakhaninafchi Hasan , Khura Tapan , Sarkar Susheel , Pandey Renu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA device was developed for on‐field cutting energy measurement of cereal crops. Physical, engineering, and anatomical properties of prominent rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of India were studied at different stem positions using a factorial CRD design. The effects of changes in different operational parameters, including blade bevel angle (15°, 20°, and 25°), cutting angle (25°, 30°, and 35°) and cutting velocity (2.9, 3.44, and 4.1 m s−1) on cutting force and cutting energy of rice stalk were also studied. Cutting angle indicated the angle of inclination of cutting edge to the horizontal at blade‐crop interface. The assessment of these properties and parameters in relation to crop cutting energy, led to the development of a smart device for energy measurement up to a size of three skills. This device consisted of a compression system, crop holding unit, cutting unit, and sensors to measure the force, speed, and cutting height. The device's measurement abilities were evaluated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stalks at different cutting speeds (0.83, 1.16, and 1.5 m s−1 and stem heights (10, 20, and 30 cm from ground). Values for cutting force and energy ranged from 1.85 to 1.45 N and 10.81 to 8.48 N mm–1, respectively. At all stem heights, the cutting force and cutting energy ranged from 1.79 to 1.44 N and 11.92 to 6.74 N mm–1, respectively. The ultrasonic sensor provided real time cutting height data with an accuracy of 97.5%, while the gyroscope sensor had an accuracy of 94.29% for on‐field cutting angle measurement.