bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-linked natural IntegroPectin films from citrus biowaste with intrinsic antimicrobial activity
Authors: Piacenza Elena , Presentato Alessandro , Alduina Rosa , Scurria Antonino , Pagliaro Mario , Albanese Lorenzo , Meneguzzo Francesco , Ciriminna Rosaria , Chillura Martino Delia F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPectin recovered via hydrodynamic cavitation (IntegroPectin) from lemon and grapefruit agri-food waste intrinsically containing antimicrobial bioactive substances (flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, and terpenoids) was used to generate innovative and eco-compatible films that efficiently inhibit the growth of Gram-negative pathogens. Extensive characterization of films confirmed the presence of these substances, which differently interact with the polysaccharide polymer (pectin), plasticizer (glycerol), surfactant (Tween 60), and cross-linker (Ca2+), conferring to these films a unique structure. Besides, IntegroPectin-based films constitute versatile systems for the sustained, controlled, and slow-release (up to 72 h) of bioactive substances in an aqueous environment. This feature is crucial for the good in vitro antimicrobial activity exerted by IntegroPectin films against three Gram-negative bacteria (two indicator pathogen strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, P. aeruginosa PAO1, and the clinical isolate Klebsiella pneumoniae) that are involved in the global emergence of the antimicrobial resistance.
Graphical abstract
Moderate-density parity-check codes from projective bundles
Authors: Bariffi Jessica , Mattheus Sam , Neri Alessandro , Rosenthal Joachim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew constructions for moderate-density parity-check (MDPC) codes using finite geometry are proposed. We design a parity-check matrix for the main family of binary codes as the concatenation of two matrices: the incidence matrix between points and lines of the Desarguesian projective plane and the incidence matrix between points and ovals of a projective bundle. A projective bundle is a special collection of ovals which pairwise meet in a unique point. We determine the minimum distance and the dimension of these codes, and we show that they have a natural quasi-cyclic structure. We consider alternative constructions based on an incidence matrix of a Desarguesian projective plane and compare their error-correction performance with regards to a modification of Gallager’s bit-flipping decoding algorithm. In this setting, our codes have the best possible error-correction performance after one round of bit-flipping decoding given the parameters of the code’s parity-check matrix.
Negotiating scientific knowledge in the development of an eHealth MOOC
Authors: Gilstad Heidi , Skogen Martha , Toussaint Pieter , Larsen Cathrin B. , Faxvaag Arild 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterdisciplinary team communication in eHealth development is challenging because all disciplines have unique, intrinsic discursive practices, theories and artefacts. Due to these factors, members of interdisciplinary teams can experience problems in communication and collaboration. Through a centered focus, members can benefit individually, inspire one another, and ultimately reach a timely delivery of their common pedagogical goal(s). Using the lens of dialogism, this paper aims to identify the conceptual considerations that arose during the development of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) for higher education in eHealth. Methods included auto-ethnography and interdisciplinary dialogue supported by literacy artefacts, including visual material. Results yielded a visual tool for meta-assessment of team communication, and an organizing principle for topics in the MOOC. A major implication is that especially for eHealth, scientific communicative competence of experts—while establishing a common understanding—can lead to a unique and meaningful delivery of high pedagogical quality.
CUBES phase a design overview
Authors: Zanutta Alessio , Cristiani Stefano , Atkinson David , Baldini Veronica , Balestra Andrea , Barbuy Beatriz , Macanhan Vanessa Bawden P. , Calcines Ariadna , Calderone Giorgio , Case Scott , Castilho Bruno V. , Cescutti Gabriele , Cirami Roberto , Coretti Igor , Covino Stefano , Cupani Guido , De Caprio Vincenzo , Dekker Hans , Di Marcantonio Paolo , D’Odorico Valentina , Ernandes Heitor , Evans Chris , Feger Tobias , Feiz Carmen , Franchini Mariagrazia , Genoni Matteo , Gneiding Clemens D. , Kałuszyński Mikołaj , Landoni Marco , Lawrence Jon , Lunney David , Miller Chris , Molaverdikhani Karan , Opitom Cyrielle , Pariani Giorgio , Piranomonte Silvia , Quirrenbach Andreas , Redaelli Edoardo Maria Alberto , Riva Marco , Robertson David , Rossi Silvia , Rothmaier Florian , Seifert Walter , Smiljanic Rodolfo , Stürmer Julian , Stilz Ingo , Trost Andrea , Verducci Orlando , Waring Chris , Watson Stephen , Wells Martyn , Xu Wenli , Zafar Tayyaba , Zorba Sonia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present the baseline conceptual design of the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) for the Very Large Telescope. CUBES will provide unprecedented sensitivity for spectroscopy on a 8 – 10 m class telescope in the ground ultraviolet (UV), spanning a bandwidth of ≥ 100 nm that starts at 300 nm, the shortest wavelength accessible from the ground. The design has been optimized for end-to-end efficiency and provides a spectral resolving power ofR≥ 20000, that will unlock a broad range of new topics across solar system, Galactic and extraglactic astronomy. The design also features a second, lower-resolution (R$$\sim$$∼7000) mode and has the option of a fiberlink to the UVES instrument for simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths.Here we present the optical, mechanical and software design of the various subsystems of the instrument after the Phase A study of the project. We discuss the expected performances for the layout choices and highlight some of the performance trade-offs considered to best meet the instrument top-level requirements. We also introduce the model-based system engineering approach used to organize and manage the project activities and interfaces, in the context that it is increasingly necessary to integrate such tools in the development of complex astronomical projects.
A Simple Way of Simulating Insolation on a Rotating Body with a Commercial Solar Simulator
Authors: Terliesner Selina , Kaufmann Erika , Grott Matthias , Hagermann Axel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe surfaces of all solid bodies in the solar system, planets, moons, comets and asteroids, experience short-term temporal variations of solar irradiation which depend on their respective spin rates. These so-called insolation cycles affect temperature variations, climate, photosynthesis in plants, etc. Hence, experimental reproduction of these cycles is important for space analogue simulations. In this short note we describe a simple, low-cost method to simulate diurnal cycles in the laboratory using a type of commercial solar simulator commonly used for experimental investigation in planetary science.
From knowledge-based to big data analytic model: a novel IoT and machine learning based decision support system for predictive maintenance in Industry 4.0
Authors: Rosati Riccardo , Romeo Luca , Cecchini Gianalberto , Tonetto Flavio , Viti Paolo , Mancini Adriano , Frontoni Emanuele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning (ML) may represent the foundations for implementing the concept of intelligent production, smart products, services, and predictive maintenance (PdM). The majority of the state-of-the-art ML approaches for PdM use different condition monitoring data (e.g. vibrations, currents, temperature, etc.) and run to failure data for predicting the Remaining Useful Lifetime of components. However, the annotation of the component wear is not always easily identifiable, thus leading to the open issue of obtaining quality labeled data and interpreting it. This paper aims to introduce and test a Decision Support System (DSS) for solving a PdM task by overcoming the above-mentioned challenge while focusing on a real industrial use case, which includes advanced processing and measuring machines. In particular, the proposed DSS is comprised of the following cornerstones: data collection, feature extraction, predictive model, cloud storage, and data analysis. Differently from the related literature, our novel approach is based on a feature extraction strategy and ML prediction model powered by specific topics collected on the lower and upper levels of the production system. Compared with respect to other state-of-the-art ML models, the experimental results demonstrated how our approach is the best trade-off between predictive performance (MAE: 0.089, MSE: 0.018, $$R^{2}: 0.868$$

R
2

:
0.868

), computation effort (average latency of 2.353 s for learning from 400 new samples), and interpretability for the prediction of processing quality. These peculiarities, together with the integration of our ML approach into the proposed cloud-based architecture, allow the optimization of the machining quality processes by directly supporting the maintainer/operator. These advantages may impact to the optimization of maintenance schedules and to get real-time warnings about operational risks by enabling manufacturers to reduce service costs by maximizing uptime and improving productivity.
The ethical anatomy of payment for research participants
Authors: Różyńska Joanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn contrast to most publications on the ethics of paying research subjects, which start by identifying and analyzing major ethical concerns raised by the practice (in particular, risks of undue inducement and exploitation) and end with a set of—more or less well-justified—ethical recommendations for using payment schemes immune to these problems, this paper offers a systematic, principle-based ethical analysis of the practice. It argues that researchers have aprima faciemoral obligation to offer payment to research subjects, which stems from the principle of social beneficence. This principle constitutes an ethical “spine” of the practice. Other ethical principles of research ethics (respect for autonomy, individual beneficence, and justice/fairness) make up an ethical “skeleton” of morally sound payment schemes by providing additional moral reasons for offering participants (1) recompense for reasonable expenses; and (2a) remuneration conceptualized as a reward for their valuable contribution, provided (i) it meets standards of equality, adequacy and non-exploitation, and (ii) it is not overly attractive (i.e., it does not constitute undue inducement for participation or retention, and does not encourage deceptive behaviors); or (2b) remuneration conceptualized as a market-driven price, provided (i) it is necessary and designed to help the study achieve its social and scientific goals, (ii) it does not reinforce wider social injustices and inequalities; (iii) it meets the requirement of non-exploitation; and (iv) it is not overly attractive. The principle of justice provides a strong ethical reason for not offering recompenses for lost wages (or loss of other reasonably expected profits).
Applications of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) in Drug Development for NAFLD and NASH and Its Regulatory Application
Authors: Siler Scott Q. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a widely prevalent disease, but approved pharmaceutical treatments are not available. As such, there is great activity within the pharmaceutical industry to accelerate drug development in this area and improve the quality of life and reduce mortality for NASH patients. The use of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) can help make this overall process more efficient. This mechanism-based mathematical modeling approach describes both the pathophysiology of a disease and how pharmacological interventions can modify pathophysiologic mechanisms. Multiple capabilities are provided by QSP modeling, including the use of model predictions to optimize clinical studies. The use of this approach has grown over the last 20 years, motivating discussions between modelers and regulators to agree upon methodologic standards. These include model transparency, documentation, and inclusion of clinical pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Several QSP models have been developed that describe NASH pathophysiology to varying extents. One specific application of NAFLDsym, a QSP model of NASH, is described in this manuscript. Simulations were performed to help understand if patient behaviors could help explain the relatively high rate of fibrosis stage reductions in placebo cohorts. Simulated food intake and body weight fluctuated periodically over time. The relatively slow turnover of liver collagen allowed persistent reductions in predicted fibrosis stage despite return to baseline for liver fat, plasma ALT, and the NAFLD activity score. Mechanistic insights such as this that have been derived from QSP models can help expedite the development of safe and effective treatments for NASH patients.
Evidence synthesis indicates contentless experiences in meditation are neither truly contentless nor identical
Authors: Woods Toby J. , Windt Jennifer M. , Carter Olivia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Contentless experience involves an absence of mental content such as thought, perception, and mental imagery. In academic work it has been classically treated as including states like those aimed for in Shamatha, Transcendental, and Stillness Meditation. We have used evidence synthesis to select and review 135 expert texts from within the three traditions. In this paper we identify the features of contentless experience referred to in the expert texts and determine whether the experiences are the same or different across the practices with respect to each feature. We identify 65 features reported or implied in one or more practices, with most being reported or implied in all three. While there are broad similarities in the experiences across the traditions, we find that there are differences with respect to four features and possibly many others. The main difference identified is that Shamatha involves substantially greater attentional stability and vividness. Another key finding is that numerous forms of content are present in the experiences, including wakefulness, naturalness, calm, bliss/joy, and freedom. The findings indicate that meditation experiences described as contentless in the academic literature can in fact involve considerable variation, and that in many and perhaps most cases these experiences are not truly contentless. This challenges classical understandings in academic research that in these so-called contentless experiences all content is absent, and that the experiences are therefore an identical state of pure consciousness or consciousness itself. Our assessment is that it remains an open question whether the experiences aimed for in the three practices should be classed as pure consciousness. Implications of our analysis for neuroscientific and clinical studies and for basic understandings of the practices are discussed.
Soil-tree-atmosphere CH4 flux dynamics of boreal birch and spruce trees during spring leaf-out
Authors: Vainio Elisa , Haikarainen Iikka P. , Machacova Katerina , Putkinen Anuliina , Santalahti Minna , Koskinen Markku , Fritze Hannu , Tuomivirta Tero , Pihlatie Mari 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
Studies on tree CH4 exchange in boreal forests regarding seasonality and role of tree canopies are rare. We aimed to quantify the contribution of boreal trees to the forest CH4 budget during spring leaf-out and to reveal the role of microbes in the CH4 exchange.

Methods
Methane fluxes of downy birch and Norway spruce (Betula pubescens and Picea abies) growing on fen and upland sites were measured together with soil CH4 flux, environmental variables and microbial abundances involved in the CH4 cycle. Tree CH4 fluxes were studied from three stem heights and from shoots.

Results
The trees emitted CH4 with higher stem emissions detected from birch and higher shoot emissions from spruce. The stem CH4 emissions from birches at the fen were high (mean 45 µg m−2 h−1), decreasing with stem height. Their dynamics followed soil temperature, suggesting the emitted CH4 originated from methanogenic activity, manifested in high mcrA gene copy numbers, in the peat soil. Methanogens were below the quantification limit in the tree tissues. Upscaled tree CH4 emissions accounted for 22% of the total CH4 emissions at the fen.

Conclusions
The variation in stem CH4 flux between the trees and habitats is high, and the emissions from high-emitting birches increase as the spring proceeds. The lack of detection of methanogens or methanotrophs in the aboveground plant tissues suggests that these microbes did not have a significant role in the observed tree-derived fluxes. The stem-emitted CH4 from birches at the fen is presumably produced microbially in the soil.
Proxies for legal firearm prevalence
Authors: Kim Jessica Jumee , Wilbur Kenneth C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProduct acquisition policies define legal markets. Policy evaluations require data but prevalence data are not always available. We introduce Legal Firearm Prevalence (LFP), a direct behavioral measure based on the population of firearm licensees in Massachusetts, and argue that it can help evaluate firearm sales and usage restrictions. LFP is not directly measurable in most firearm markets, so we test candidate proxies for LFP in several common research designs, finding that firearm acquisitions are the best proxy in every research design tested. We update the classic study of guns and crime by Cook and Ludwig (2006), finding that choosing an invalid proxy can lead to false research conclusions. We recommend systematic collection and reporting of firearm acquisition data to improve firearm research and inform firearm policy.
The ThreadRadar visualization for debugging concurrent Java programs
Authors: Moseler Oliver , Kreber Lucas , Diehl Stephan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to non-deterministic behavior and thread interleaving of concurrent programs, the debugging of concurrency and performance issues is a rather difficult and often tedious task. In this paper, we present an approach that combines statistical profiling, clustering and visualization to facilitate this task. We implemented our approach in a tool which is integrated as a plugin into a widely used IDE. First, we introduce our approach with details on the profiling and clustering strategy that produce runtime metrics and clusters of threads for source-code artifacts at different levels of abstraction (class and method) and the entire program. Next, we explain the design of our visualization which represents the clusters in situ, i.e., embedded in the program text next to the related source-code artifact in the source-code editor. More detailed information is available in separate windows that also allow the user to configure thread filters interactively. In a demonstration study, we illustrate the usefulness of the tool for understanding and fixing performance and concurrency issues. Finally, we report on first formative results from a usability test and consequently implemented tool improvements.
Graphical abstract
Professionswissen von Sportlehrpersonen und Zusammenhänge mit motivationalen Orientierungen und Überzeugungen zum Lehren und Lernen im Sport
Authors: Büchel Sonja , Brühwiler Christian , Egger Patrick , Hochweber Ann Christin , Kolovou Dimitra , Perret Jacqueline 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungWährend in gewissen Fächern Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Aspekten professioneller Kompetenz von Lehrpersonen nachgewiesen werden konnten, stehen entsprechende Befunde für das Fach Sport noch aus. Eine Voraussetzung dafür ist die Entwicklung standardisierter und valider Testinstrumente zur Messung fachbezogenen Professionswissens. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein Instrument zur Erfassung des fachlichen und fachdidaktischen Wissens von Sportlehrpersonen der Primarstufe und der Sekundarstufe I entwickelt und an einer Stichprobe von 339 Proband:innen empirisch geprüft. Zudem wurden Zusammenhänge mit weiteren Kompetenzaspekten der Sportlehrpersonen, den motivationalen Orientierungen und Überzeugungen, untersucht. Dabei wurde exemplarisch der curriculare Inhaltsbereich „Bewegen an Geräten – Rollen und Drehen“ fokussiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere das Fachwissen positiv mit motivationalen Orientierungen zusammenhängt. Hingegen weisen Überzeugungen keine bedeutsamen Zusammenhänge mit dem Professionswissen auf. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Instrumente empirisch valide sind. Im Rahmen der Studie wurde zu Händen der Auftraggeber:innen ein online zugänglicher Schlussbericht erstellt. Gewisse Ausführungen in vorliegendem Beitrag orientieren sich daran, da diese für das Verständnis und die Konsistenz zentral sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag stärkt im Vergleich zum Schlussbericht insbesondere die theoretische Verortung, spezifiziert die Fragestellungen, verdichtet die Ergebnisse und soll fokussiert einer breiteren Leserschaft zugänglich gemacht werden.
Decontamination practices of paediatric crowns: a systematic review
Authors: Hogerheyde T. , Walsh L. J. , Zafar S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A systematic review was conducted into paediatric crown decontamination practices using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Method
After database retrieval using predefined search terms, two reviewers independently applied the selection criteria, extracted the data, and assessed for risk of bias. From 92 potentially eligible studies, 10 were included for analysis.

Results
Steam sterilisation (autoclaving) was used as the gold standard for reducing biological contaminants on paediatric crowns across in vivo studies. However, autoclaving was associated with microstructural changes such as crazing and contour alterations. Furthermore, several tooth coloured crowns were liable to undergo colour changes from steam sterilisation.

Conclusion
Ambiguous manufacturer guidelines on protocols for reprocessing and reuse after biological exposure raises concerns regarding cross contamination and leaves practitioners open to potential litigation. A better understanding of the compatibility of paediatric crowns and decontamination practices is needed. More research into alternative chairside technologies that use low temperature, such as hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilisation, is warranted.
Enforcing the ‘Community Interest’ in Combating Transnational Crimes: The Potential for Public Interest Litigation
Authors: Rose Cecily 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTransnational criminal law treaties could give rise to public interest litigation concerning the breach of an obligationerga omnes partes, meaning an obligation owed by one state party to all other states parties. This article aims to contribute to scholarship on the subject oferga omnesor ‘community interest’ norms by exploring the potential for international litigation concerning non-compliance with obligations under two transnational criminal law treaties in particular: the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption. Transnational criminal law treaties have been overlooked in the existing literature on community interest norms, even though states parties have a common interest in ensuring compliance with the obligations assumed under these instruments, and the treaties have the potential, at least in theory, to give rise to public interest litigation. International courts and tribunals, as well as scholars, can and ought to engage in deeper analyses of what constitutes an obligationerga omnes partesunder a multilateral treaty.