bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of priority management practices for soil erosion control through estimation of runoff and sediment yield using soil and water assessment tool on Salma watershed in Afghanistan
Authors: Sadiqi Sayed Shah Jan , Hong Eun‐Mi , Nam Won‐Ho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo reduce reservoir sedimentation, sustainable water resource management necessitates the identification and control of significant erosion zones. The SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) distributed model was used to analyse runoff and sediment output, identify major erosion basins in the Salma dam, and assess best management practices for reducing sediment transport to reservoirs in order to extend their usable life. The groundwater delay and groundwater discharge regression for water discharge and soil depth, and Manning's coefficient of channel roughness for sediment yield, were the most sensitive factors. In the temporal assessment for the calibration and validation periods, SWAT reproduced the simulated daily flows and sediment loads. According to the water balance, actual evapotranspiration predominated, accounting for around 42% of the basin's average annual precipitation. The model revealed that the majority of the catchments were in the very severe erosion class, with extremely high‐prone catchments in the minority, demonstrating the model's potential for implementing and evaluating the effects of management options. According to the simulation exclusion fence, streambank stabilization, conservation crop rotation, check dams, brush layering, brush mattress and terracing can all be utilized to minimize soil erosion in the research areas. This research can be used to formulate a strategy for reducing sediment loads in the Salma as well as similar watersheds in Afghanistan.
The effects of artificial lighting on sports turf
Authors: Abélard Etienne , Galbrun Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGrowing sports turf in a stadium can be a challenge for greenkeepers. The desire to reduce impact of weather conditions during sporting events and to increase human comfort has led to the development of semi‐ or fully closed stadia, resulting in significant shade for the turf pitch. Light reduction becomes a limiting factor for the growth of turfgrass leading to decreased quality and wear tolerance of the playing surfaces. Thereby the use of lighting in stadia is more and more common and is now considered as a requirement to maintain high‐quality playing surfaces. Most stadia use conventional high‐pressure sodium (HPS) technology as artificial lighting. Lighting is used in stadia to improve turf in low‐light conditions by allowing accelerated regrowth of the turf, through the optimization of photosynthesis. However, these HPS lamps are very energy intensive and not sustainable. Therefore, more and more stadia have chosen to go into light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting. This study was performed to determine the effects of artificial lighting (HPS and LED) on turf quality, turf density, and wear tolerance of different cool‐seasons grass species used for sports fields under shaded conditions. This experiment showed that (a) rough meadow‐grass (Poa trivialis) significantly thrives in shade, and (b) HPS and LED lighting sources yielded similar results for all turfgrass species investigated. Thereby, our results suggest that artificial lighting can significantly improve cool‐season turfgrass under shade for turf quality, turf density, and wear tolerance.
A meta‐analysis of neurofeedback for treating anxiety‐spectrum disorders
Authors: Russo G. Michael , Balkin Richard S. , Lenz A. Stephen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the documented efficacy of neurofeedback (NFB) in the treatment of people with anxious symptomatology, many insurance companies identify NFB as experimental, which prohibits individuals from utilizing benefits to obtain this therapeutic treatment. In order to examine this discrepancy, the present meta‐analyses were conducted to examine the overall effectiveness of NFB, examine the impact of participant characteristics, and identify the extent of the differences in anxiety‐spectrum outcomes. Twenty‐six articles were divided based on design (12 single group (SG); 14 between‐group (BG)) and analyzed in separate meta‐analyses. Overall, results indicated that anxiety‐spectrum self‐report assessments were reduced by nearly one (SG SDM= −0.94; BG g = −0.87) standard deviation unit with relatively small degrees of bias. This study reports findings from the first exhaustive search of the literature, which included articles coming from a total of 17 databases/repositories. Applications of the findings are limited to Caucasian adults with symptoms of anxiety or PTSD.
PBLMM: Peptide‐based linear mixed models for differential expression analysis of shotgun proteomics data
Authors: Klann Kevin , Münch Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, we present a peptide‐based linear mixed models tool—PBLMM, a standalone desktop application for differential expression analysis of proteomics data. We also provide a Python package that allows streamlined data analysis workflows implementing the PBLMM algorithm. PBLMM is easy to use without scripting experience and calculates differential expression by peptide‐based linear mixed regression models. We show that peptide‐based models outperform classical methods of statistical inference of differentially expressed proteins. In addition, PBLMM exhibits superior statistical power in situations of low effect size and/or low sample size. Taken together our tool provides an easy‐to‐use, high‐statistical‐power method to infer differentially expressed proteins from proteomics data.
An investigation into the relationship between social support, stress, and psychological well‐being in farmers
Authors: Deegan Avril , Dunne Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the stress‐buffering effect of social support on psychological well‐being and impact of demographic factors on stress in a sample of farmers. One‐hundred and ninety‐six farmers completed an online questionnaire including measures of social support, stress, psychological well‐being, and demographics. Overall, after controlling for stress, increased social support was associated with higher psychological well‐being. Family support had a significant relationship with financial and farm‐related factors of stress but not with psychological well‐being, while friend and significant other support had a much greater impact on psychological well‐being than family support. Membership of a farming organisation was found to be protective against social stress while working on one type of farm only (e.g., dairy) was protective against financial stress. The findings highlight the potential utility of the stress‐buffering model in understanding stress among farmers. Future interventions which facilitate social support, reduce stress, and boost psychological well‐being among farmers are needed.
RhoA/ROCK2 signalling is enhanced by PDGF‐AA in fibro‐adipogenic progenitor cells: implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Fernández‐Simón Esther , Suárez‐Calvet Xavier , Carrasco‐Rozas Ana , Piñol‐Jurado Patricia , López‐Fernández Susana , Pons Gemma , Bech Serra Joan Josep , de la Torre Carolina , de Luna Noemí , Gallardo Eduard , Díaz‐Manera Jordi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) induces muscle fibre and replacement by fibro‐adipose tissue. Although the role of some growth factors in the process of fibrogenesis has been studied, pathways activated by PDGF‐AA have not been described so far. Our aim was to study the molecular role of PDGF‐AA in the fibrotic process of DMD.MethodsSkeletal muscle fibro‐adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) from three DMD treated with PDGF‐AA at 50 ng/mL were analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomics. Western‐blot, immunofluorescence, and G‐LISA were used to confirm the mass spectrometry results. We evaluated the effects of PDGF‐AA on the activation of RhoA pathway using two inhibitors, C3‐exoenzyme and fasudil. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by BrdU and migration assay. Actin reorganization and collagen synthesis were measured by phalloidin staining and Sircol assay, respectively. In an in vivo proof of concept study, we treated dba/2J‐mdx mice with fasudil for 6 weeks. Muscle strength was assessed with the grip strength. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses were used to study fibrotic and inflammatory markers in muscle tissue.ResultsMass spectrometry revealed that RhoA pathway proteins were up‐regulated in treated compared with non‐treated DMD FAPs (n = 3, mean age = 8 ± 1.15 years old). Validation of proteomic data showed that Arhgef2 expression was significantly increased in DMD muscles compared with healthy controls by a 7.7‐fold increase (n = 2, mean age = 8 ± 1.14 years old). In vitro studies showed that RhoA/ROCK2 pathway was significantly activated by PDGF‐AA (n = 3, 1.88‐fold increase, P < 0.01) and both C3‐exoenzyme and fasudil blocked that activation (n = 3, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The activation of RhoA pathway by PDGF‐AA promoted a significant increase in proliferation and migration of FAPs (n = 3, P < 0.001), while C3‐exoenzyme and fasudil inhibited FAPs proliferation at 72 h and migration at 48 and 72 h (n = 3, P < 0.001). In vivo studies showed that fasudil improved muscle function (n = 5 non‐treated dba/2J‐mdx and n = 6 treated dba/2J‐mdx, 1.76‐fold increase, P < 0.013), and histological studies demonstrated a 23% reduction of collagen‐I expression area (n = 5 non‐treated dba/2J‐mdx and n = 6 treated dba/2J‐mdx, P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results suggest that PDGF‐AA promotes the activation of RhoA pathway in FAPs from DMD patients. This pathway could be involved in FAPs activation promoting its proliferation, migration, and actin reorganization, which represents the beginning of the fibrotic process. The inhibition of RhoA pathway could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for muscle fibrosis in patients with muscular dystrophies.
“All emigrants are up to the physical, mental, and moral standards required”: A tale of two child rescue schemes
Authors: Sims‐Schouten Wendy , Weindling Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current paper critically assesses and reflects on the ideals and realities of two major (British) child migration schemes, namely the British Home Child scheme (1869–1930) and the Kindertransport scheme (1938–1940), to add to current understandings of their place within wider international histories of child migration, moral reforms, eugenics, settlement, and identity. Specifically, we focus on constructions of “mentally and physically deficient” children/young people, informed by eugenic viewpoints and biological determinism, and how this guided inclusion and exclusion decisions in both schemes. Both schemes made judgements regarding which children should be included/excluded in the schemes or returned to their country of origin (as was the case with children in the Canadian child migration scheme) fueled by a type of eugenics oriented to transplanting strong physical and psychologically resilient specimens. By viewing the realities of the child migration schemes, including the varied experiences and narratives in relation to child migrants, in light of eugenicist narratives of difference, pathology, victimhood, and contamination, we shed a light on uneven practices, formations of power, and expectations of the times.
A comprehensive review on emerging trends in industrial wastewater research
Authors: Malik Sumira , Kishore Shristi , Prasad Shilpa , Shah Maulin P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRapid industrialization is one of the intricate factors that is linked to the depletion of water resources and increased generation of wastewater. Due to various obstructions and impediments, such as ineffective treatment solutions, exorbitant prices, lack of basic amenities, insufficient financial assistance, and technical expertise, sustainable treatment of industrial effluents has become an onerous process in most parts of the world. The majority of current treatment solutions are conventional and outdated, and thus fall short to remove all the contaminants efficiently from the industrial wastewater. Moreover, poorly treated or untreated industrial effluents are indiscriminately dumped into water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, causing substantial health hazards to humans and animals and serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for highly efficient, cost‐effective, and sustainable technologies for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Employment of microbial technologies such as microbial fuel cells and microalgal technologies, treatment of wastewater can be coupled with the production of bioelectricity and valuable biomass, respectively. Moreover, with nanofiltration and biochar technologies, the efficiency of the overall treatment procedure can be increased to a greater extent. The present review aims to highlight opportunities and challenges associated with some of the emerging trends in industrial wastewater research.
Regulation of ECP fimbriae‐related genes by the transcriptional regulator RcsAB in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH‐K2044
Authors: Shen Lifei , Zhang Jiaxue , Xue Jian , Du Ling , Yuan Lingyue , Nie Hao , Dai Sue , Yu Qian , Li Yingli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is one of the major pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The regulator of capsule synthesis (Rcs) system is a complex signal transduction pathway that is involved in the regulation of virulence factors of K. pneumoniae as an important transcriptional regulator. The RcsAB box‐like sequence was found to be present in the promoter‐proximal regions of ykgK, one of the ECP fimbriae‐related genes, which suggested the expression of ECP fimbriae may be regulated by RcsAB. The ykgK gene in K. pneumoniae has 86% similarity to the ecpR gene in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence alignment revealed a similar ECP fimbriae gene cluster including six genes in K. pneumoniae, which was proved to be on the same operon in this study. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I assay, relative fluorescence expression, β‐galactosidase activity, and relative gene expression of ykgK in the wild‐type and mutant strains were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation mechanism of RcsAB on ECP fimbriae. The mutant ΔykgK and complementary strain ΔykgK/cΔykgK were constructed to complete the Galleria mellonella larvae infection experiment and biofilm formation assay. This study showed that RcsAB binds directly to the promoter region of the ykgK gene to positively regulate ECP fimbriae‐related gene clusters, and then positively affect the biofilm formation.
The interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on a spring phytoplankton community
Authors: Anderson Stephanie I. , Franzè Gayantonia , Kling Joshua D. , Wilburn Paul , Kremer Colin T. , Menden‐Deuer Susanne , Litchman Elena , Hutchins David A. , Rynearson Tatiana A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA complex interplay of environmental variables impacts phytoplankton community composition and physiology. Temperature and nutrient availability are two principal factors driving phytoplankton growth and composition, but are often investigated independently and on individual species in the laboratory. To assess the individual and interactive effects of temperature and nutrient concentration on phytoplankton community composition and physiology, we altered both the thermal and nutrient conditions of a cold‐adapted spring phytoplankton community in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, when surface temperature was 2.6°C and chlorophyll > 9 μg L−1. Water was incubated in triplicate at −0.5°C, 2.6°C, and 6°C for 10 d. At each temperature, treatments included both nutrient amendments (N, P, Si addition) and controls (no macronutrients added). The interactive effects of temperature and resource availability altered phytoplankton growth and community structure. Nutrient amendments resulted in species sorting and communities dominated by larger species. Under replete nutrients, warming tripled phytoplankton growth rates, but under in situ nutrient conditions, increased temperature acted antagonistically, reducing growth rates by as much as 33%, suggesting communities became nutrient limited. The temperature–nutrient interplay shifted the relative proportions of each species within the phytoplankton community, resulting in more silica rich cells at decreasing temperatures, irrespective of nutrients, and C : N that varied based on resource availability, with nutrient limitation inducing a 47% increase in C : N at increasing temperatures. Our results illustrate how the temperature–nutrient interplay can alter phytoplankton community dynamics, with changes in temperature amplifying or exacerbating the nutrient effect with implications for higher trophic levels and carbon flux.
Study on two‐phase lubrication characteristics of the meshing pair in a single‐screw compressor
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhao Boyang , Chen Guoqing , Zhou Kang , Wang Wei , Sun Shuaihui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the lubrication state of the meshing pair in a single‐screw compressor is analysed. The two‐phase lubrication flow field numerical calculation model and the multi‐tooth coupling circumferential torque calculation model are established. The oil film pressure and the circumferential torque of multi‐tooth at 0%–60% air volume fraction (AVF) inlet are studied. Results show that the AVF at the inlet plays an important role in the promotion of the peak and average pressures of the oil flow field for certain star‐wheel rotation angles. For other star‐wheel rotation angles, the aforementioned pressure may even be weakened. For multi‐tooth coupling, the star‐wheel circumferential torque with inlet AVF of 20%, 40% and 60% is 15.3%, 13.1% and 6.8% higher than that with inlet pure oil, respectively. This shows that the existence of bubbles at the inlet increases the unbalanced circumferential torque of the star‐wheel and increases the possibility of wear of the teeth.
Numerical and experimental investigation of fiber metal laminates with elastomeric layers under low‐velocity impact
Authors: Zarezadeh‐mehrizi Mohammad Amin , Liaghat Gholamhossein , Ahmadi Hamed , Taherzadeh‐Fard Alireza , Khodadadi Amin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of elastomers on fiber metal laminates (FMLs) subjected to low‐velocity impact loads. A compounded natural rubber layer was added to conventional FMLs containing glass/epoxy composite plies and Al 6061‐T6 layers, measuring its effect on the behavior of the structure in low‐velocity indentation at energy levels of 25 and 45 J. It was found that the addition of an elastomeric layer to the back face of the composite layer increased structural toughness, pre‐fracture deformation, and specific energy absorption while reducing damage and the maximum load. Moreover, positioning the elastomer at a closer distance to the frontal face reduced maximum load and energy absorption capacity. Then, the standard material characterization of tensile, shear, and compressive were performed via the universal testing machine and the split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. A numerical model was developed based on the advanced finite element code of LS‐DYNA, and the results were validated by comparison to the experimental data.
A modified classic‐micromechanics approach to predict effective elastic properties of nanoparticles reinforced polymers
Authors: Karimi Dona Mohammad Hosein , Tahri‐behrooz Fathollah , Mohammadi Bijan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop modified analytical models using micromechanical methods that can effectively estimate the elastic modulus of a polymeric composite material containing nanoparticle fillers. Relying on the Eigen‐strain concept in nanoparticle and matrix, Eshelby correlations initially developed for solid defects are revised. Also, an improved Mori–Tanaka and self‐consistent model were proposed based on the modified Eshelby equivalent inclusion approach, accordingly. The effective elastic properties including Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were estimated using new models and compared to the conventional and previously developed micromechanical models. Also, the estimated values were validated using the experimentally determined elastic properties. For the experimental program, CB/Elastomer nanocomposite specimens were fabricated and tested. Numerical computations indicate that the new models can well and more accurately predict the experiment at the small particle concentration.
Parental motivations for and adaptation to trio‐exome sequencing in a prospective prenatal testing cohort: Beyond the diagnosis
Authors: Talati Asha N. , Gilmore Kelly L. , Hardisty Emily E. , Lyerly Anne D. , Rini Christine , Vora Neeta L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo understand motivations for and parental interpretation of results from trio‐exome sequencing (ES) for fetal anomalies with a negative standard genetic diagnosis.MethodsAnalysis of an ongoing, prospective prenatal trio‐ES study of pregnancies with ultrasound‐identified congenital anomalies and lack of a standard genetic diagnosis. After determination of pregnancy disposition, participants completed questionnaires and a semi‐structured interview pre‐ and post‐sequencing. Interviews were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory methodology to identify themes. Associations between themes and ES result were also examined.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐six trios have been sequenced. Of those, 45 (36%) resulted in fetal diagnosis. One hundred twenty‐five women completed pre‐sequencing surveys, and 91 women completed post‐sequencing surveys. The main themes identified include (1) variable reasons to pursue ES, (2) limited expectations but high hopes from ES, (3) parental adaptation to uncertain results, (4) impact on personal health and reproduction, and (5) gratitude for the process.ConclusionParticipants pursued ES for various reasons, most often to identify a diagnosis and guide reproduction. Post‐sequencing, most participants described the process, their interpretation of results, and the impact of receiving the results. Less frequently, but of most concern, participants expressed anxiety about testing and implications for themselves, relationships, and other family members, thus identifying an area of high need for additional support among patients undergoing prenatal ES.
A peroxo‐Mo(VI)/Mo(VI)‐mediated redox synthesis of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and their aggregation‐induced emission property and mechanism
Authors: Chi Mei , Xiong Wu‐Lin , Yang Dong‐Zhao , Fan Cong‐Bin , Shi Rong‐Wei , Gong Shan‐Shan , Sun Qi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn efficient method based on peroxo‐Mo(VI)/Mo(VI) redox cycle for ambient‐temperature synthesis of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones has been developed. Catalytic phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) exhibits Lewis acid and oxidative dehydrogenation activities at different phases of the reaction, and the true oxidative catalytic species was identified as peroxo‐Mo(VI) Keggin cluster. Surprisingly, we found that aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a generic property that has long been neglected for quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones. Theoretical calculation results well rationalized their photophysical behaviors and elucidated their AIE mechanism as restriction of access to dark state (RADS). The crystallographic analysis of two representative quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones not only revealed their packing mode and weak intermolecular actions but also supported the molecular conformations obtained by theoretical calculations.