bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular diagnosis, phylogenetic analysis and identification of an unique SNP in the viral attachment protein (p32) gene of Lumpy skin Disease Virus in tissue biopsies of Cattle in India
Authors: Varadarajan Meenambigai - Timiri , Karuppannan Anbu Kumar , Muthukrishnan Madhanmohan - , Selvaraj Saranya - 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an exotic disease to India, affecting cattle and buffalo. LSD originated in Africa, where many domesticated and wild ruminant species are affected. LSD was first recorded in India from five districts of Odisha state during August 2019. Subsequently, LSD outbreaks were reported in more than fourteen states of India. The aim of the study was to develop a sensitive SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of LSD in the tissue biopsy samples. Tissue biopsy samples collected from cattle showing signs of LSD (n=8) were subjected to conventional gel-based PCR and SYBR green real-time PCR using the primer sets specific for the gene of viral attachment protein (VP32). Seven of eight tissue biopsy samples showed the positive amplification of 192bp product size in conventional gel-based PCR with primers recommended by OIE. All the eight tissue biopsy samples were positive in SYBR green real-time PCR assay, based on the same OIE primers, and the threshold value (Ct) values varied from 19.14 to 23.01. The seven PCR amplicons were further sequenced to confirm the identification of LSDV VP32 gene. Further, the sequences were accessioned in GenBank and their phylogenetic analysis revealed close phylogenetic relation to a partial LSDV p32 gene sequence from Egypt. The developed SYBR green real-time PCR assay is a cost-effective, specific, sensitive and rapid diagnostic assay for detection of LSD and quantification of LSD viral load in the tissue biopsy samples.
Self-growing Photonic Composites with Programmable Colors and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Xue Juan , Yin Xuewu , Zhang Chenglin , Dong Shihua , Yang Li , Fang Yuanlai , Li Yong , Li Ling , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many organisms produce stunning optical displays based on structural color instead of pigmentation. This structural or photonic color is achieved through the interaction of light with intricate micro-/nano-structures, which are “grown” from strong, sustainable biological materials such as chitin, keratin, and cellulose. In contrast, current synthetic structural colored materials are usually brittle, inert, and produced via energy-intensive processes, posing significant challenges to their practical uses. Inspired by the brilliantly colored peacock feathers which selectively grow keratin-based photonic structures with different photonic bandgaps, we develop a self-growing photonic crystal system in which the photonic bandgaps and hence the coloration can be easily tuned. This is achieved via the selective growth of the polymer matrix with polymerizable compounds as feeding materials in a silica nanosphere-polymer composite system, thus effectively modulating the photonic bandgaps without compromising nanostructural order. Such strategy not only allows the material system to continuously vary its colors and patterns in an on-demand manner, but also endows it with many appealing properties including flexibility, toughness, self-healing ability, and reshaping capability. As this novel self-growing method is simple, inexpensive, versatile, and scalable, we foresee its significant potential in meeting many emerging requirements for various applications of structural color materials.
Effect of substitution of fishmeal with Napier grass protein on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken
Authors: Kiggundu Muhammad , Nampijja Zainah , Kigozi Abasi , Mugerwa Swidiq , Allen Moly , Namazzi Clementine , Kayondo Siraj Ismail , Walugembe Faitwa , Bombom Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets with varying substitution levels of fishmeal (FM) 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg DM with Napier grass protein (NGP). Treatment diets included T0 (control diet), T250, T500, T750, and T1000 to represent the different substitution levels. After the starter phase, birds were finished on a conventional fishmeal-based diet for 14 days. Feed intake, weight gain, and hot carcass decreased (P < 0.01) at a decreasing rate with increasing substitution in starter diets. Feed intake, weight gain, and hot carcass were highest (P < 0.01) in T0 birds, followed by T250 birds. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein, and energy utilization efficiencies were highest (P < 0.01) in T0 birds followed by T250 birds and lowest for T1000 birds. Ileal CP digestibility (862.3 g/kg DM) was highest for T0 birds but comparable (P > 0.05) to T500 birds (716.4 g/kg DM). Similarly, ME digestibility was highest in T0 birds (819.5 g/kg DM) although comparable (P > 0.05) to T250 birds and T500 birds. In contrast, T250 and T500 birds showed higher (P < 0.05) crude fiber digestibility (645 g/kg DM) than T0 birds (402 g/kg DM). Hot carcass weight decreased (P < 0.01) with FM substitution with the heaviest carcasses recorded for T0 birds. As percentage of the hot carcass, weight of breast and thigh reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing substitution of FM. Percentage weights of empty gizzard, caeca, and pancreas for T1000 birds were higher (P < 0.05) and double compared with T0 birds. In the finisher phase, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in weight gains of T0 and T250 birds, although T250 birds had numerically higher weight gain compared with T0 birds. However, percentage change in weight gain in the finisher phase was influenced (P < 0.05) by MFP substitution level in the starter phase. In the finisher phase, T1000 birds had the highest percentage change in weight gain (71.6%) compared to 40.7% for T0 birds. Nonetheless, regression analysis of FCR data in the starter phase showed that optimal FCR is attained at 150 g/kg NGP substitution in broiler diets. These results suggest that NGP is of low biological value in broiler diets, probably due to its high fiber content and deficiency in methionine and lysine, which are limiting essential amino acids in broiler diets.
Assessing the landscape potential to deliver ecosystem services in modeling scenarios of land use change
Authors: Nazarenko Anton 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The article presents an algorithm for assessing the scenarios of land use change in terms of the landscape potential to deliver ecosystem services (ES). The developed algorithm was applied to the model area in Altai Krai (Russia) to assess scenarios for using fallow lands.The assessment was performed for local natural landscapes with consideration of their land use structure and based on productivity of forest ecosystems and agricultural lands (including pastures, hayfields and arable lands). For assessing the landscape potential to deliver ES, we used and mapped the economic value (US $ / ha / year) of seven ecosystem services.For spatial planning of land use structure and developing scenarios, we employed expert assessments and evaluation of permissible agricultural impact. These tools were successfully tested under designing scenarios for fallow lands use in the Zarinsky region. To check the effectiveness of the developed scenarios, ES were re-assessed and the obtained results compared with the original scenario.Our findings suggest that though economic indicators do not fully reflect the ES value, they can be used as the basis for decision-making in land use planning at the regional and sub-regional scales.
Effectiveness of Post-Operative Pain Management among Patients Who Underwent General and Orthopedic Surgeries at a National Referral Hospital Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Beyn Samuel Fikremariam , Kidamemariam Betiel Yihdego , Hidremichael Meron Yemane , Habte Merhawi Kidane , Adem Mahmud Mohammed , Mengistu Micheal Beraki , Habtemariam Eyasu Habte , Andemeskel Yonatan Mehari 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Post-operative pain poses significant challengeswith high global prevalence. Inadequately managed pain can result in patients increased medical complications, prolonged hospital stays and reduced effective painmanagement. The study was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of existing and severity-based POP management of patients who underwent general and orthopedic surgeries in Halibet National Referral Hospital.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted among 118 patients who underwent general and orthopedic surgeries. Data was collected by using socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and visual analogue scale (VAS). The intervention group received a severity based (SBM) POP management, whereas the comparative group received the existing management (EM). Data on severity of POP and effectiveness of its management was collected using VAS. Descriptive statistics for the demographic and clinical data, median pain reduction, and Mann-Whitney U value were used to analyze data. P< 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results:98.3% of the patients in the EM and 88.1% in the SBM experienced pain at the initial point after surgery with mild pain (30.5%) (11.9%), moderate pain (37.3%) (54.2%) and severe pain (30.5%) (22%) respectively. The common type of analgesic used in the EM was Diclofenac (63.72%). The median pain reduction was statistically insignificant (p=0.056) in the EM group, while a significant pain reduction (p<0.001) was seen in the SBM group. Significant difference in the effectiveness of POP management was found between EM and SBM groups in middle aged adults (p=0.026), females (p= 0.016), patients who took GA (p<0.001) and patients who had general surgery (p<0.001).Conclusion: The management of POP should be based on the severity of pain experienced by the patient and use of the most suitable analgesics. Pain assessment should be performed for every post-operative patient using appropriate pain assessing tool and documented.
Engineering the morphology on layered double hydroxides-induced persulfate activation for enhanced degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Wang Rongyao , Yu Yanjun , Zhang Ruijuan , Ren Xiaohua , Guo Weilin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Grasping how the morphology of a layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based catalyst alters its catalytic activity provides an available strategy for the rational design and fabrication of high-efficiency catalyst at micro-scale. Herein, three NiFe-LDH materials with different morphologies (2D-plate-like hexagon, 2D/3D-flower-like solid sphere and 2D/3D-flower-like hollow sphere) and regulable oxygen vacancies (OVs) were fabricated using a morphological regulation method of Ostwald ripening. The 2D/3D-flower-like hollow sphere NiFe-LDH (FH-NiFe-LDH) exhibited the most considerable activity for the abatement of acid orange 7 (AO7) with the first order rate constant up to k = 0.023 min− 1. Characterizations demonstrated that FH-NiFe-LDH possessed a larger specific surface area, hence profoundly allowed for more exposure of active sites to facilitate electron transfer. Simultaneously, various concentrations of OVs were detected in the morphologically tunable NiFe-LDHs and enhanced the reactivity of OVs-connected Ni or Fe, therefore manifesting the morphologic origin of catalytic performance. According to the quenching experiments, sulfate radical (SO4•−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and oxygen radical (O2•−) were identified to be involved in the decomposition process.
Microstructure and Performance of Self-piercing Riveting in Similar and Dissimilar 2A12 and 6061 Aluminum Alloys
Authors: HUO Xiaole , GUO Zixin , ZHAO Lun , GONG Tao , LIN Sen , Shafi Islam Md , CHEN Wei , ZHOU Guangping , LIANG Zhaofeng , HE Xiaocong , XING Baoying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, similar and dissimilar 2A12 and 6061 aluminum alloy sheets are joined validly by self-piercing riveting, and a quasi-static experiment is performed to investigate the mechanical behaviors, failure modes and mechanisms of the joints. Also, a method based on deep learning algorithm to detect the appearance defects of the joints is proposed. The results show that the joints with similar 2A12 sheets contained the best static strength, the joints with similar 6061 sheets had superior anti-vibration performance, the joints with 6061-2A12 sheets presented the most decent comprehensive mechanical properties. The main failure mode of joints with similar 2A12 sheets was substrate fractured; the main failure mode of the other joints was pulled-out, and some of them with button-off. The fracture of 2A12 substrate belongs to the composite intergranular and microporous aggregate fracture. The method effectiveness was verified by experiments, and method detection accuracy could reach about 90%, and the detection speed was as high as 50FPS, which can effectively solve the problem that riveting quality was difficult to monitor.
Identification of a Key Ferroptosis-related Gene in Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Shuling , Huang Mei , Li Chao , Shen Fujun , Wang Chunbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ferroptosis plays a significant role in the development of multiple solid malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC), but largely, physicians still know little about ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in GC yet, which require further exploration. In this study, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were used to analyze the differentially expressed FRGs obtained by RNA sequencing analysis. We then obtained the key gene by intersecting with the ferroptosis database. Thereafter, we performed multi-omics analysis of the key gene using bioinformatics and assessed its effects on tumor proliferation and ferroptosis in vitro. We found that FRGs were enriched in biological processes including endocytosis, ribosome, and ferroptosis. The identified key gene ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was upregulated by erastin treatment in GC cells, and elevated in GC samples compared to normal tissues. And FTH1 expression could discriminate GC from adjacent tissues with a cutoff level of 11.3. Its expression positively correlated with most immune infiltrates, including induced dendric cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, etc. The genetic alteration rate of FTH1 was 1.36%. The FTH1 methylation level was high (cg11748881), and patients with FTH1 hypermethylation had a worse survival. In addition, overexpression of FTH1 in MGC803 cells promoted GC proliferation and suppressed ferroptosis. FTH1 affects GC development by regulating ferroptosis, providing a new insight for a pharmacological treatment target in GC.
Lysosomal TMEM9-LAMTOR4-controlled mTOR signaling integrity is required for mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Park Jae-Il , Zhang Shengzhe , Lee Sung Ho , Nie Litong , Huang Yuanjian , Zou Gengyi , Jung Youn-Sang , Jun Sohee , Zhang Jie , Lien Esther , Chen Junjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lysosomes play vital roles in the degradation and recycling of various macromolecules, protein secretion, energy metabolism, and cell signaling. Increasing evidence suggests that the deregulated lysosomes contribute to tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. However, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We herein identified transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) as a crucial protein modulating lysosomal metabolism and lysosome-associated signaling. The TMEM9 gene is markedly amplified in breast cancer, correlated with its transcriptional upregulation. TMEM9 depletion suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer cells highly expressing TMEM9. Consistently, Tmem9 knock-out inhibited mammary tumorigenesis in the genetically engineered mouse model. Conversely, the ectopic expression of TMEM9 in TMEM9 low breast cancer cells promoted cell proliferation. The lysosome purification and proteomics approach showed that TMEM9 physically and functionally interacts with LAMTOR4, a subunit of the Ragulator complex, to hyperactivate mTOR signaling in breast cancer. Moreover, the pharmacological blockade of the TMEM9-v-ATPase axis combined with mTOR inhibitors exhibited the synergistic growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. Our results reveal the mechanism of the TMEM9-v-ATPase-activated mTOR signaling and further propose the TMEM9-v-ATPase axis as a therapeutic target overcoming mTOR inhibitor resistance of breast cancer.
Whole-embryonic identification of maternal microchimeric cell types in mouse using single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Fujimoto Kana , Nakajima Akira , Hori Shohei , Tanaka Yumiko , Shirasaki Yoshitaka , Uemura Sotaro , Irie Naoki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Even though the mother and the fetus of placental mammals are immunologically non-self with respect to one other, mutual exchange of small numbers of cells between them is known to occur. Maternal cells entering the fetus, called maternal microchimeric cells (MMc cells), are thought to be involved in different physiological phenomena, such as establishing immune tolerance, tissue repair, and the pathogenesis or deterioration of some inflammatory diseases and congenital malformations. While specific MMc cell types have been reported as associated with these phenomena, the contribution of MMc cells to these different outcomes remains unknown. As one possibility, we hypothesized that different embryos have differing repertoires of MMc cell types, leading to or biasing embryos toward different fates. To date, no studies have succeeded in identifying the MMc cell type repertoire of a single embryo. Accordingly, here, we isolated MMc cells from whole mouse embryos, determined their types, and analyzed their MMc cell type variability.
Results
By combining our previously established, whole-embryonic MMc isolation method with single-cell RNA sequencing, we successfully estimated the cell type repertoires of MMc cells isolated from 26 mouse embryos. The majority of MMc cells were immune-related cells, such as myeloid cell and granulocyte. We also detected stem cell-like MMc cells expressing proliferation marker genes and terminally differentiated cells. As hypothesized, we noted statistically significant inter-individual variation in the proportion of immune-related cells in the different embryos.
Conclusions
We here successfully estimated MMc cell types in individual whole mouse embryos. The proportion of immune-related cells significantly differed among the individual embryos, suggesting this as one of the potential mechanisms underlying the differing MMc-related physiological phenomena in offspring. These findings provide insight into cell-level epigenetics by maternal cells.
Microstructural Characterization of Lime Modified Bagasse Ash Blended Expansive Clays using Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Pradeep Polapala Sai , Mayakrishnan Muthukumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the field practice, industrial wastes are recommended for use in construction to achieve both environmental and economic benefits. A novel technique of supplementing lime to the black cotton soil stabilized with bagasse ash is adopted to overcome the shortcomings of the black cotton soil stabilized with bagasse ash alone. The experiments have been conducted by adding lime to the black cotton soil mixed with varied percentages i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of bagasse ash to ameliorate the properties of black cotton soil stabilized along with bagasse ash. Microstructural characterisation is done by X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy coupled Field emission the scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses were done to examine the changes caused by the additives. This phenomenon is keenly examined with FE-SEM images by analysing them using digital imaging technique. The imaging technique carried out using Image J, depicts the reduction in void spaces and identified that lime has a perceptible influence in the formation of stable and dense structure of black cotton soil stabilized with bagasse ash rather than stabilizing the black cotton soil with bagasse ash alone. In extension to these studies new technique in analysing the shrinkage properties using Python was proposed and the results have been upheld with Image J measurements. Based on the analysis of experimental results, it was found that with inculcation of portlandite rich hydrated lime, better reactivity is resulted in enhancing the engineering characteristics of the black cotton soil rather than utilization of bagasse ash alone in the stabilization of black cotton soil
Architecture characterization of orchard trees for mechanical behavior investigations
Authors: Jeon Min-Kyung , Burrall Matthew , Kwon Tae-Hyuk , DeJong Jason , Martinez Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
This study explores structural root architectures of orchard trees to understand the interplays between the mechanical behavior of roots and the root architecture.
Methods
Full three-dimensional (3D) models of natural tree root systems, Lovell, Marianna, Myrobalan, that were extracted from the ground by vertical pullout are reconstructed through photogrammetry, and later skeletonized as nodes and root branch segments. Combined analyses of the full 3D models and skeletonized models enable detailed examination of basic bulk properties and quantification of architectural parameters. The segments from the skeletonized models are divided into three categories — trunk roots, main lateral roots, and remaining roots.
Results
The patterns in branching and diameter distributions show significant difference between the trunk and main laterals versus the remaining lateral roots. In general, the branching angle decreases over the course of successive bifurcations. The main lateral roots near the trunk show significant spreading while the lateral roots near the end tips grow roughly parallel to the parent root. For branch length, the roots bifurcate more frequently near the trunk than further from the trunk. The local thickness analysis confirms that the root diameter decays at a higher rate near the trunk than in the remaining lateral roots, while the total cross-sectional area across a bifurcation node remains mostly conserved. The histograms of branching angle, and branch length and thickness gradient can be described using lognormal and exponential distributions, respectively.
Conclusions
This unique study presents data to characterize mechanically important structural roots, which will help link root architecture to the mechanical behaviors of root structures.