bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived personality traits and presumptions of vulnerability to victimization in women
Authors: Stewart Jayme , Smodis Audrey , Forth Adelle 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
In women, having a history of sexual victimization has been linked to certain personality traits (e.g. low levels of assertiveness) and nonverbal behaviors (e.g. fewer head movements). The majority of research in this area, however, has considered how self-reported personality traits and gait relate to victimization. As such, the present study aims to examine how observers’ perceptions of personality impact judgments of targets’ vulnerability to sexual and violent victimization, and how the nonverbal behaviors used when making these judgments may vary depending on perceived personality traits.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 309 participants watched eight audio-less videos of a woman speaking. Following each video, participants rated each woman on varying personality and emotionality traits, as well as their perception of how vulnerable the woman was to future victimization, and how they came to their decision according to a number of predetermined nonverbal cues.

Findings
Consistent with previous research, observers’ perceptions of sexual vulnerability were negatively related to perceptions of targets’ self-esteem and confidence, and positively related to anxiety. While violent vulnerability displayed a similar pattern of results, the nonverbal behaviors cited during the vulnerability appraisal process varied between personality traits. Though few results emerged within the latter query, anxiety exhibited the majority of all significant relationships, including being positively associated with facial expressions and upper and lower body movements.

Originality/value
Results suggest that different behavioral and personality interventions (e.g. increasing self-esteem) may serve to increase self-efficacy, autonomy and confidence, as well as help women feel more in control of their destiny and interpersonal communications.
Impact evaluation of the “ABCs of Mental Health” in Denmark and the role of mental health-promoting beliefs and actions
Authors: Santini Ziggi Ivan , Nelausen Malene Kubstrup , Kusier Amalie Oxholm , Hinrichsen Carsten , Schou-Juul Frederik , Madsen Katrine Rich , Meilstrup Charlotte , Donovan Robert J. , Koushede Vibeke , Nielsen Line 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the overall campaign reach and impact of the ABCs of Mental Health in Denmark; a secondary objective is to investigate how mental health-promoting beliefs and actions are associated with good mental health.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was administered to two representative cross-sectional samples of the Danish population (1,508 respondents in 2019; 1,507 respondents in 2021) via an online survey. The data were subsequently pooled together into one sample consisting of 3,015 respondents. In addition to questions pertaining to campaign reach and impact, the questionnaire also included a validated scale for mental well-being and questions about beliefs and actions in regard to enhancing mental health.

Findings
About 7.6% had been reached by the campaign (familiar with ABC name or messages), or 11.9% when also counting familiarity with campaign slogans. Among these, respondents reported (proportions in parentheses) that the campaign had 1) made them reflect on their mental health (74.2%), talk to friends and family about mental health (35.5%), given them new knowledge about what they can do to enhance mental health (78.4%), or take action to enhance their own mental health (16.2%). An internal well-being locus of control and proactive behaviours towards enhancing mental health are shown to be associated with higher mean scores on mental well-being, lower odds of low mental well-being and higher odds of higher mental well-being.

Originality/value
An internal well-being locus of control and proactive behaviours towards enhancing mental health are suggested to both prevent low levels of mental well-being and promoting high levels of mental well-being. The results indicate that the ABCs of Mental Health campaign may be implemented to promote such beliefs and actions universally throughout the population.
City climate and landscape structure shape pollinators, nectar and transported pollen along a gradient of urbanization
Authors: Biella Paolo , Tommasi Nicola , Guzzetti Lorenzo , Pioltelli Emiliano , Labra Massimo , Galimberti Andrea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Urbanization gradients influence both landscape and climate and provide opportunity for understanding how plants and pollinators respond to artificially driven environmental transitions, a relevant aspect for the ecosystem service of pollination.

Here, we investigated several aspects of pollination along an urbanization gradient in landscape and climate. We quantified wild hoverfly and bee abundances with trapping, standing crop of nectar with spectrophotometer, and the pollen transported by flower visitors with DNA metabarcoding, in 40 independent sites from semi‐natural to built‐up areas in Northern Italy. Direct and indirect effects were fitted considering landscape and climate variables.

Linear and nonlinear relationships were detected along the urbanization gradient. Pollinator abundances increased quadratically and peaked at 22% of impervious cover with an 81% growth, and they decreased with green‐patch distance by 37% and urban park largeness by 60%. This indicates that pollinators are more abundant at intermediate levels of urbanization. Climatically, pollinators diminished by up to 46% in areas with low spring–summer temperature seasonality: urban areas likely posing thermic stress. Furthermore, the sugar mass available in nectar increased by 61% with impervious cover and by 79% with precipitations, indicating that city nectars were less consumed or flowers more productive. Furthermore, the species richness of pollen decreased by 32% in highly urbanized areas, and contained a high incidence of exotic plants, hinting for anthropized, simplified plant communities.

Synthesis and applications. Urbanization influences pollinator abundances, nectar resources and transported pollen in direct and indirect ways. Pollinators are negatively affected by a thermally harsh climate in highly urbanized areas with isolated green areas and large parks. Suburban landscapes demonstrated the highest pollinator presence. In the city core, flowers contained more nectary sugar in association with more precipitations, while pollinators collected pollen from a small number of plants, mainly exotic. These findings highlight the strong influence of urban landscape and climate on pollinators and plants, showing that cities are heterogenous realities. Patterns from this study will serve as basis for pollinator‐friendly planning, mitigation and management of urban landscapes.
Civil war and the non‐linearity of time: approaching a Mozambican politics of irreconciliation
Authors: Bertelsen Bjørn Enge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAt least 1 million people died during the Mozambican civil war (1976/7‐92). Unfolding after gaining independence from Portugal (1975) and alongside experiments with Afro‐socialism in the 1980s, the war, despite its brutality, has not been subjected to global templates of reconciliation processes. Thus it comprises a unique case to probe what irreconciliation might mean – both as a political horizon and as an analytical concept. This text juxtaposes ethnographic material from rural, central Mozambique from the late 1990s and early 2000s emphasizing reconciliation with material from the same spaces from the 2010s onwards, where I identify what I term a ‘politics of irreconciliation’. I will make three arguments. First, informed by Hannah Arendt, I approach irreconciliation as fundamentally about the rejection of a world of violence in search of a world shared in common. Second, drawing on recent anthropological theorizing about temporal regimes and chronopolitics, I argue for the salience of a non‐linear understanding of the politics of irreconciliation to grapple with the fact that civil war violence is understood as dangerously uncontained rather than nominally past. Third, within the context of Mozambique, forgiveness and its other, irreconciliation, are not only intimately tied to the temporally past or present; they are also, as I show, produced by a tangible and intense absence of a productive future.
‘I was celebrating the justice that the victims got’: exploring irreconciliation among Bangladeshi human rights activists in London
Authors: Visser Jacco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay investigates transnational human rights activist networks seeking justice for war crimes committed during the Bangladesh War of 1971, especially in light of the International Crimes Tribunal in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Focusing on activists in London, it demonstrates the need to engage with transitional justice initiatives discursively and ethnographically in order to avoid losing sight of the ways in which uses of human rights concepts can veil power dimensions through universalist legalistic abstractions. The essay explores engagements with atrocities of the war by mapping the travel and uses of human rights tropes to articulate claims of justice. It showcases how in addressing the violence of the Bangladesh War, victor justice and punishment are emphasized while futures are imagined in which enemies no longer exist. In the examples, a language of justice is employed to call for prosecution, but justice is reframed so that it is equated with the impossibility of reconciling people on opposing sides during the war.
Effects of oxidative stability variation on lamb meat quality and flavor during postmortem aging
Authors: Dou Lu , Liu Chang , Yang Zhihao , Su Rina , Chen Xiaoyu , Hou Yanru , Hu Guanhua , Yao Duo , Zhao Lihua , Su Lin , Jin Ye 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of oxidative stability variation on meat quality and flavor in biceps femoris (BF) and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of lambs during postmortem aging. The samples were stored at 4±1℃; the meat quality, flavor and muscle oxidative stability were measured on day 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 of postmortem aging. The results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased in both muscle types; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities decreased, as did total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC). LD muscle showed lower MDA content and antioxidative activity than BF muscle. Meat quality analyses indicated that aging increased the lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values of meat while improving its tenderness. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that volatile flavor compounds were more abundant in LD muscle than in BF muscle. As the aging time extended, relative contents of aldehyde and alcohol increased in both muscles. The key flavor compounds during postmortem aging including heptanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal were screened by relative odor activity value (ROAV), and the content of key flavor compounds showed the trend of increasing, which were usually associated with fresh green grass, nutty, and fat descriptors. In conclusion, the oxidative muscles displayed better antioxidative capacity, and postmortem aging altered the oxidative stability of lamb muscle, which affected the meat quality and flavor.Practical ApplicationMeat aging is an important strategy to improve the quality of various meat traits (including flavor). The results of this work could be of interest to meat professionals who will be able to apply in actual production by choosing the best aging time based on flavor and meat quality for different muscle parts.
Rotation aiding technique for endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy of intrathoracic lymph nodes: A complementary approach to the conventional jabbing method
Authors: Ra Seung Won , Lee Taehoon , Cha Hee Jeong , Park Chang‐Ryul , Baek Jiyeon , Chee Youngjoon , Kwon Woon Jung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the lymph node core tissue lengths obtained via mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy using the complementary “rotation aiding” and conventional Jab technique.MethodsWe prospectively measured the lymph node core tissue length in patients who sequentially underwent the Jab and rotation aiding (RA) techniques between October 2012 and December 2014. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare the core tissue length and grade of diagnostic cells obtained by each technique. McNemar's test was used to compare the proportion of adequate cellularity (≥grade 2) between the aspiration techniques.ResultsThe core tissue length of 61 lymph nodes from 43 patients (mean age: 63 years, range: 16–86 years) was analyzed. Pathological findings were consistent with malignant lesions in 25 (41%) patients and benign lesions in 36 (59%). The most common diagnosis in benign lymph nodes was reactive, followed by tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. We obtained longer core tissue with RA technique than with the Jab technique (83.2 ± 12.7 vs. 60.1 ± 10.1 mm; p = 0.02). There was a significant increase in cellularity grade and proportion of ≥grade 2 cells with the RA technique than with the Jab technique (2.39 ± 1.08 vs. 1.84 ± 1.14; p < 0.001, 78.7% vs. 52.5%; p = 0.002), regardless of the pathological diagnosis.ConclusionsRA technique facilitated more lymph node samples in terms of core tissue length and cellularity than the Jab technique.
Prevalence and predictors of ICD‐11 posttraumatic stress disorder and complex PTSD in young people
Authors: Redican Enya , Hyland Philip , Cloitre Marylene , McBride Orla , Karatzias Thanos , Murphy Jamie , Bunting Lisa , Shevlin Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence, construct validity, risk factors and psychopathological correlates associated with ICD‐11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) as measured by the International Trauma Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ITQ‐CA) were assessed in a sample of young people from Northern Ireland.MethodParticipants were trauma‐exposed 11–19‐year‐olds (N = 507) who participated in the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (YWS‐NI, 2020). Factor mixture modelling (FMM) was used to test the latent structure of the ITQ‐CA. Risk‐factors and psychopathological correlates associated with latent class membership, and ICD‐11diagnostic status, were also investigated.ResultsMore participants met the ITQ‐CA criteria for CPTSD (3.4%, n = 44) than PTSD (1.5%, n = 19). A second‐order FMM comprising a ‘partial‐PTSD class’, a ‘CPTSD class’, a ‘DSO class’ and a ‘low symptom endorsement class’ was the best‐fitting model. Younger age and cumulative trauma were risk factors for all trauma classes. Female gender and two or more violent traumas were significant predictors of the ‘PTSD’ and ‘CPTSD’ classes, while single sexual trauma was a significant predictor of the ‘DSO’ and ‘CPTSD’ classes. Two or more sexual traumas was a unique predictor of ‘CPTSD class’, while two or more vicarious traumas was a unique predictor of ‘DSO class’. The ‘CPTSD’ class displayed the most notable comorbidity.ConclusionsFindings indicate that CPTSD may be more prevalent than PTSD in children and young people. Support for the ICD‐11 conceptualisation of CPTSD as representing a unique diagnostic construct was supported using FMM, with findings indicating trauma symptom class‐specific risk profiles.
Opioid receptor activation modulates the calcium current in the cochlear outer hair cells of the rat
Authors: Vega Rosario , García‐Garibay Otto , Soto Enrique 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious works showed that opioid peptides are produced by olivocochlear efferent neurons, while cochlear hair cells express opioid receptors. It has been proposed that opioids protect the auditory system from damage by intense stimulation, although their use for therapeutic or illicit purposes links to hearing impairment. Therefore, it is relevant to study the effect of opioids in the auditory system to define their functional expression and mechanism of action. This study investigated the modulation of the Ca2+ currents by opioid peptides in the rat outer hair cells (OHC) using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. The influence of agonists of the three opioid receptor subtypes (μ, δ, and κ) was studied. The κ opioid receptor agonist U‐50488 inhibits the Ca2+ currents in a partially reversible form. Coincidently, norbinaltorphimine (a κ receptor antagonist) blocked the U‐50488 inhibitory effect on the Ca2+ current. The δ and the μ opioid receptor agonists did not significantly affect the Ca2+ currents. These results indicate that the κ opioid receptor activation inhibits the Ca2+ current in OHC, modulating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration when OHCs depolarize. The modulation of the auditory function by opioids constitutes a relevant mechanism with a potential role in the physiopathology of auditory disturbances.
Abnormalities of retinal structure and microvasculature are associated with cerebral white matter hyperintensities
Authors: Zhou Xirui , Li Tao , Qu Wensheng , Pan Dengji , Qiu Qianwen , Wu Lingshan , Zhao Jing , Yu Zhiyuan , Hao Huang , Luo Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeWhilst retinal microvasculature represents cerebral small vessels, the retinal nerve fiber layer is the extended white matter of the brain. The aim was to investigate the correlation between changes in retina and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).MethodsSixty‐four candidates with WMHs received an optical coherence tomography angiography examination. WMHs were divided into mild or moderate/severe groups according to the Fazekas score. After imaging the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), the microvascular density parameters (vascular perfusion density [VPD], vascular length density [VLD] and fovea avascular zone area) and morphological parameters (vessel diameter index [VDI], fractal dimension [FD] and vessel tortuosity) were identified. A software algorithm measured the thickness of the peripapillary retina nerve fiber layer (PRNFL).ResultsThirty‐two were classified as having mild WMHs and 32 were moderate/severe. The median (interquartile range) ages of the two groups were 58 (54–64) and 61 (57–67) years, respectively. A decrease of FD, VPD and VLD in either SCP or DCP appeared with an increased risk of moderate/severe WMHs. Although changes of capillary plexus were not associated with paraventricular WMHs, decreased FD, VPD, VLD and fovea avascular zone area in either SCP or DCP were associated with an increased risk of moderate/severe deep WMHs (DWMHs). Participants with moderate/severe WMHs demonstrated reduced PRNFL thickness, particularly in the DWMHs, compared with mild WMHs.ConclusionsAbnormalities of retinal microvascular density, morphological parameters and PRNFL thickness are correlated with the incidence of moderate/severe WMHs, particularly the DWMHs, suggesting that arteriosclerosis and hypoperfusion are the causes of DWMHs.
ILAE definition of the Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions
Authors: Hirsch Edouard , French Jacqueline , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Bogacz Alicia , Alsaadi Taoufik , Sperling Michael R. , Abdulla Fatema , Zuberi Sameer M. , Trinka Eugen , Specchio Nicola , Somerville Ernest , Samia Pauline , Riney Kate , Nabbout Rima , Jain Satish , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Auvin Stephane , Wiebe Samuel , Perucca Emilio , Moshé Solomon L. , Tinuper Paolo , Wirrell Elaine C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2017, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of Epilepsies described the “genetic generalized epilepsies” (GGEs), which contained the “idiopathic generalized epilepsies” (IGEs). The goal of this paper is to delineate the four syndromes comprising the IGEs, namely childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone. We provide updated diagnostic criteria for these IGE syndromes determined by the expert consensus opinion of the ILAE’s Task Force on Nosology and Definitions (2017–2021) and international external experts outside our Task Force. We incorporate current knowledge from recent advances in genetic, imaging, and electroencephalographic studies, together with current terminology and classification of seizures and epilepsies. Patients that do not fulfill criteria for one of these syndromes, but that have one, or a combination, of the following generalized seizure types: absence, myoclonic, tonic‐clonic and myoclonic‐tonic‐clonic seizures, with 2.5–5.5 Hz generalized spike‐wave should be classified as having GGE. Recognizing these four IGE syndromes as a special grouping among the GGEs is helpful, as they carry prognostic and therapeutic implications.
ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions
Authors: Zuberi Sameer M. , Wirrell Elaine , Yozawitz Elissa , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Specchio Nicola , Riney Kate , Pressler Ronit , Auvin Stephane , Samia Pauline , Hirsch Edouard , Galicchio Santiago , Triki Chahnez , Snead O. Carter , Wiebe Samuel , Cross J. Helen , Tinuper Paolo , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Perucca Emilio , Moshé Solomon L. , Nabbout Rima 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Nosology and Definitions proposes a classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes in the neonate and infant with seizure onset up to 2 years of age. The incidence of epilepsy is high in this age group and epilepsy is frequently associated with significant comorbidities and mortality. The licensing of syndrome specific antiseizure medications following randomized controlled trials and the development of precision, gene‐related therapies are two of the drivers defining the electroclinical phenotypes of syndromes with onset in infancy. The principal aim of this proposal, consistent with the 2017 ILAE Classification of the Epilepsies, is to support epilepsy diagnosis and emphasize the importance of classifying epilepsy in an individual both by syndrome and etiology. For each syndrome, we report epidemiology, clinical course, seizure types, electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging, genetics, and differential diagnosis. Syndromes are separated into self‐limited syndromes, where there is likely to be spontaneous remission anddevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies, diseases where there is developmental impairment related to both the underlying etiology independent of epileptiform activity and the epileptic encephalopathy. The emerging class of etiology‐specific epilepsy syndromes, where there is a specific etiology for the epilepsy that is associated with a clearly defined, relatively uniform, and distinct clinical phenotype in most affected individuals as well as consistent EEG, neuroimaging, and/or genetic correlates, is presented. The number of etiology‐defined syndromes will continue to increase, and these newly described syndromes will in time be incorporated into this classification. The tables summarize mandatory features, cautionary alerts, and exclusionary features for the common syndromes. Guidance is given on the criteria for syndrome diagnosis in resource‐limited regions where laboratory confirmation, including EEG, MRI, and genetic testing, might not be available.