bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of open chest management with modified negative pressure wound therapy immediately after cardiac surgery
Authors: Kurazumi Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryo , Nawata Ryosuke , Yokoyama Toshiki , Tsubone Sarii , Matsuno Yutaro , Mikamo Akihito , Hamano Kimikazu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the feasibility of open chest management with our modified negative pressure wound therapy immediately after cardiac surgery as a therapy for atypical tamponade.

METHODS
Open chest with modified negative pressure wound therapy was performed immediately after cardiac surgery. The surface of the heart and the vessels were covered with non-adherent siliconized gauze. The sternal halves were stented using edge-cut disposable syringes to maintain a larger mediastinal cavity. Approximately 45 mm of distance was kept between the sternal edges. A trimmed sterile polyvinyl foam sponge was inserted into the mediastinum, the entire wound was sealed and negative pressure (−50 to −75 mmHg) was applied using a suction generator. Delayed chest closure was performed in a standard manner once the haemodynamic status was stabilizsed.

RESULTS
The mortality rate was 3/15 (20%) patients. Deep sternal wound infection occurred in 1/15 (6.7%) patients. Five patients were extubated during the open chest management. Sternal closure was delayed for median of 3 days after the initial surgery. There was no incidence of bleeding complications or need for additional haemostatic procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
Negative pressure wound therapy performed immediately after cardiac surgery was feasible in our small number of patients.

Clinical registration number
Study ID: 2020-149.
DiploSim: A Flexible Framework for Diplomatic Simulations in International Relations
Authors: Maass Richard W 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough educators increasingly appreciate the pedagogical benefits of active learning techniques including simulations, many still see implementing them in their own classroom as a daunting task. The formidable time investment required often deters instructors from designing new simulations, and many find published simulations to be an imperfect fit. This article seeks to reduce the barriers to entry for instructors who are interested in designing personalized simulations yet hesitant in the face of real-world constraints. It does so by introducing a flexible framework for diplomatic simulations (DiploSim) that is firmly rooted in the design principles of drama, immersion, and reflection yet also easily customizable to fit instructors’ preferred thematic content, negotiating format, schedule, and class size. By combining research and role play within a straightforward and pedagogically sound structure, DiploSim offers instructors a useful gateway into the world of simulations.
Exploratory analysis of novel electronic health record variables for quantification of healthcare delivery strain, prediction of mortality, and prediction of imminent discharge
Authors: Lee Catherine , Lawson Brian L , Mann Ariana J , Liu Vincent X , Myers Laura C , Schuler Alejandro , Escobar Gabriel J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
To explore the relationship between novel, time-varying predictors for healthcare delivery strain (eg, counts of patient orders per hour) and imminent discharge and in-hospital mortality.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from adults hospitalized at 21 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals between November 1, 2015 and October 31, 2020 and the nurses caring for them. Patient data extracted included demographics, diagnoses, severity measures, occupancy metrics, and process of care metrics (eg, counts of intravenous drip orders per hour). We linked these data to individual registered nurse records and created multiple dynamic, time-varying predictors (eg, mean acute severity of illness for all patients cared for by a nurse during a given hour). All analyses were stratified by patients’ initial hospital unit (ward, stepdown unit, or intensive care unit). We used discrete-time hazard regression to assess the association between each novel time-varying predictor and the outcomes of discharge and mortality, separately.

Results
Our dataset consisted of 84 162 161 hourly records from 954 477 hospitalizations. Many novel time-varying predictors had strong associations with the 2 study outcomes. However, most of the predictors did not merely track patients’ severity of illness; instead, many of them only had weak correlations with severity, often with complex relationships over time.

Discussion
Increasing availability of process of care data from automated electronic health records will permit better quantification of healthcare delivery strain. This could result in enhanced prediction of adverse outcomes and service delays.

Conclusion
New conceptual models will be needed to use these new data elements.
Why Are Donors More Generous with Time Than Money? The Role of Perceived Control over Donations on Charitable Giving
Authors: Costello John P , Malkoc Selin A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Solicitation of time and money donations are central to the success of nonprofit organizations like charities and political groups. Although nonprofits tend to prefer money, experimental and field data demonstrate that donors prefer to donate time, even when doing so does less good for the cause. However, despite the importance of this asymmetry, little is known about its psychological underpinnings. In the current investigation, we identify a previously unexplored difference between time and money, which we argue can explain the preference to donate time over money. Specifically, we propose that potential donors feel more personal control over their time (vs. money) donations, leading to greater interest in donating and donation amount. We test this framework across seven studies using incentive-compatible and hypothetical behaviors, utilizing both mediation and moderation approaches. Our results show that when donors’ sense of control is threatened, donations of time might be used as a compensatory strategy and that simple linguistic interventions can increase perceived control and donations for money, which we find to typically lag behind time. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for marketing theory and practice.
The Association Between Antibiotic Use and Outcome Among Metastatic Melanoma Patients Receiving Immunotherapy
Authors: Poizeau Florence , Kerbrat Sandrine , Balusson Frédéric , Tattevin Pierre , Revest Matthieu , Cattoir Vincent , Luque-Paz David , Lesimple Thierry , Pracht Marc , Dinulescu Monica , Russo David , Oger Emmanuel , Dupuy Alain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Several observational studies have reported a decreased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) following antibiotic use. ICI activity has been hypothesized to be impaired by antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis.

Methods
Patients with advanced melanoma receiving an anti-PD-1 antibody as a first-line therapy between 2015 and 2017 in France were selected using the French Health Insurance database. We compared overall survival and time-to-treatment discontinuation according to antibiotic exposure in the 3 months prior to the initiation of anti-PD-1 antibody. To disentangle a causal effect of antibiotics from a confounding bias, we balanced characteristics of patients exposed and nonexposed to antibiotics using an overlap weighting method based on a propensity score. We also evaluated a control cohort of patients with advanced melanoma receiving first-line targeted therapy, as there is no rationale for decreased efficacy of targeted therapy following antibiotic treatment.

Results
The anti-PD-1 antibody cohort comprised 2605 individuals. Antibiotic exposure in the 3 months prior to anti-PD-1 antibody initiation was not associated with shorter overall survival (weighted hazard ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.88 to 1.17) or time-to-treatment discontinuation (weighted hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.89 to 1.11). Consistent results were observed when the time frame of antibiotics was narrowed to 1 month prior to anti-PD-1 initiation or when exposure was restricted to antibiotics leading to more profound gut dysbiosis. Similar results were observed in the targeted therapy cohort.

Conclusions
In a large cohort of advanced melanoma patients, we showed that antibiotic use preceding anti-PD-1 antibody was not associated with worse outcome. Physicians should not delay immunotherapy for patients who have recently received antibiotics.
Leaf traits of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) do not support the well-accepted ‘flux trait network’ hypothesis
Authors: Peng Xi , Zhao Meifang , Liu Shuguang , Yan Wende 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWidely accepted universal models and hypotheses such as ‘high vein density-faster growth and higher productivity’ hold that high leaf vein density may promote higher coupling efficiency of carbon and water, indicating that rapid individual growth and high stand productivity, have attracted huge interest. However, these models and hypotheses do not include enough gymnosperm samples, especially conifers cultivated in subtropics. We here examined the values and scaling relationships between leaf vein density and leaf functional traits sampled from center region of the distribution range of Cunninghamia lanceolate, which has been well known for rapid growth. We also retrieved an empirical dataset that included photosynthetic, biochemical, anatomical and hydraulic traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata. The leaf vein density (ranging from 0.34 to 1.09 mm mm−2) is extremely low compared to the reported global range (1 to 25 mm mm−2), whereas C. lanceolata is famous for both fast-growing and high-yielding in China for a long time. We further verified that higher vein densities were associated with smaller leaves (r = −0.71, P &lt; 0.001), which is consistent with that found in angiosperms. However, we found that vein density–thickness correlations and leaf lifespan plasticity showed opposite trends for C. lanceolate (negative) when compared with global species (positive), and such relationships may indicate the tradeoffs between functional efficiency and productivities. Our results provide an effective complementary assessment of general growth rules, including evaluation of the influence of regional plant trait characterization, configuration of plant species, and traits efficiency for hydraulic potential.
Variability in evapotranspiration shifts from meteorological to biological control under wet versus drought conditions in an alpine meadow
Authors: Xu Mingjie , An Tingting , Zheng Zhoutao , Zhang Tao , Zhang Yangjian , Yu Guirui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is generally referred to as the Chinese water tower, and evapotranspiration (ET) affects the water budget and stability of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. However, its variability and controlling mechanisms have not been well documented under the drier conditions induced by global warming. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether meteorological or biological factors primarily affected the variability in ET under contrasting water conditions in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 6-year (2013–2018) eddy covariance observations and the corresponding meteorological and biological data, linear perturbation analyses were employed to isolate the contributions of meteorological and biological factors to the variability in evapotranspiration (δET). The results showed that δET was mainly driven by meteorological factors in wet peak seasons (July and August), and was dominated by net radiation (Rn) and air temperature (Ta), indicating that the inadequate available energy is the factor limiting ET. However, the dominant factors affecting δET shifted from meteorological to biological in dry peak seasons when the canopy stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf area index were dominant. At this point, the ecosystem was limited by the water conditions. These results provide empirical insights into how meteorological and biological factors regulate variability in ET under contrasting water conditions. These findings can further improve our understanding of water cycle processes and can help effectively manage water resources in alpine meadow ecosystems under future climate change conditions.
Correction of leaf nutrient resorption efficiency on the mass basis
Authors: Zhang Meixia , Luo Yan , Meng Qingquan , Han Wenxuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nutrient resorption is a crucial mechanism for plant nutrient conservation, but most previous studies did not consider the leaf-mass loss during senescence due to lack of measured data. This would lead to an underestimation of nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE), or calculating NuRE of various species based on the average mass loss at plant-functional-group level in the literature, thus affecting its accuracy. Here we measured the leaf-mass loss to correct NuRE with the species-specific mass loss correction factor (MLCF), so as to foster a more accurate calculation of the nutrient fluxes within and between plants and the soil. Green leaves and senesced leaves were collected from 35 dominant woody plants in northern China. Mass of green and senesced leaves were measured to calculate the MLCF at species level. The MLCF was reported for each of the 35 dominant woody plants in northern China. These species averagely lost 17% of the green-leaf mass during leaf senescence, but varied greatly from 1.3% to 36.8% mass loss across the 35 species, or 11.7% to 19.6% loss across the functional types. Accordingly, the MLCF varied from 0.632 to 0.987 across the 35 species with an average value 0.832. The NuRE corrected with MLCF was remarkably increased on the whole (e.g. both the average nitrogen and phosphorus NuRE became about 9% higher, or more accurate), compared with the uncorrected ones, especially in the case of low resorption efficiencies. Our field data provide reliable references for the MLCF of plants in related regions at both species and functional-type levels, and are expected to promote more accurate calculations of NuRE.
The Other Little House: The Brothel as a Colonial Institution on the Canadian Prairies, 1880–93
Authors: Bertram L K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
What role did settler bawdy houses play in Canadian colonial expansion in the 1880s? The trial of “Big Nelly” Webb, a white bawdy house madam and sex worker who shot a Mounted Police constable on the doorstep of her brothel in 1888, offers critical insight into the world of these seldom acknowledged colonial institutions and the women who ran them. Far from simply “women on the margins,” Canadian officials in the North-West Territories permitted many white madams and sex workers to operate bawdy houses in emerging prairie settlements because they viewed them as essential workers. Drawing from the archives of the North-West Mounted Police, memoirs and testimonies of bawdy house sex workers and madams, and newspaper and court reports, this article explores the networks of influence that supported these houses, including local police and high-ranking colonial officials. Beyond personal ties, the influence of women like Big Nelly reflected the colonial function of the settler brothel. The waves of migrating bawdy house madams and workers who flocked to Canada’s “Last Best West” during this period could serve a very real role in the growth and biopolitical regulation of new Canadian settlements in Indigenous territory. These workers were tasked with protecting and regulating settler sexual and reproductive health, retaining white bachelor migrants in isolated settlements, and fostering urban growth. Settler bawdy houses on the Prairies were also bastions of racial segregation and containment, built to displace (and expose) workers of color and stop the growth of Black, Indigenous, and mixed-race populations and resistance in the 1880s. Indeed, race-based hierarchies did not just exist within the settler brothel economies of Canada’s North-West Territories, they were one of the foundational justifications for their existence.
The governance of civil nuclear power in France: advantages and disadvantages of deep state involvement
Authors: Andrews-Speed Philip 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
France’s civil nuclear power industry emerged from the earlier military nuclear programme as a programme owned and controlled by the state. This was in line with the nation’s longstanding style of economic and industrial governance. Such an approach had the advantage that the capacity of nuclear power grew rapidly, with generous funding and close coordination by the state. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nuclear power industry succeeding in resisting broader moves to reduce the role of the state in French industry. Links between the government, the regulator and the industry remained close, aided by longstanding informal networks between key individuals. The first decade of the 2000s saw the start of significant reform of the nuclear regulatory infrastructure. However, by this time the disadvantages of long-term state control of the nuclear industry were becoming increasingly apparent. These included deficiencies in policy making, industry regulation and corporate management which have brought France’s nuclear industry to a crisis. This analysis applies institutional theory to show how the nation’s longstanding approach to economic and industrial governance has shaped the development of its nuclear industry and thus provides a salutary example for other countries pursuing a similar path.
Bryophyte ultraviolet-omics: from genes to the environment
Authors: Martínez-Abaigar Javier , Núñez-Olivera Encarnación 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has contributed to the evolution of organisms since the origins of life. Bryophytes also have evolutionary importance as the first clearly identified lineage of land plants (embryophytes) colonizing the terrestrial environment, thus facing high UV and water scarcity, among other new challenges. Here we review bryophyte UV-omics, the discipline relating bryophytes and UV, with an integrative perspective from genes to the environment. We consider species and habitats investigated, methodology, response variables, protection mechanisms, environmental interactions, UV biomonitoring, molecular and evolutionary aspects, and applications. Bryophyte UV-omics shows convergences and divergences with the UV-omics of other photosynthetic organisms, from algae to tracheophytes. All these organisms converge in that UV damage may be limited under realistic UV levels, due to structural protection and/or physiological acclimation capacity. Nevertheless, bryophytes diverge because they have a unique combination of vegetative and reproductive characteristics to cope with high UV and other concomitant adverse processes, such as desiccation. This interaction has both evolutionary and ecological implications. In addition, UV effects on bryophytes depend on the species and the evolutionary lineage considered, with mosses more UV-tolerant than liverworts. Thus, bryophytes do not constitute a homogeneous functional type with respect to their UV tolerance.
On the precision of full-spectrum fitting of simple stellar populations – IV. A systematic comparison with results from colour–magnitude diagrams
Authors: Asa’d Randa , Goudfrooij Paul , As’ad A M 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In this fourth paper of a series on the precision of ages of stellar populations obtained through the full-spectrum fitting technique, we present a first systematic analysis that compares the age, metallicity, and reddening of star clusters obtained from resolved and unresolved data [namely colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and integrated-light spectroscopy] using the same sets of isochrones. We investigate the results obtained with both Padova isochrones and MIST isochrones. We find that there generally is a good agreement between the ages derived from CMDs and integrated spectra. However, for metallicity and reddening, the agreement between results from analyses of CMD and integrated spectra is significantly worse. Our results also show that the ages derived with Padova isochrones match those derived using MIST isochrones, both with the full-spectrum fitting technique and the CMD fitting method. However, the metallicity derived using Padova isochrones does not match that derived using MIST isochrones using the CMD method. We examine the ability of the full-spectrum fitting technique in detecting age spreads in clusters that feature the extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO) phenomenon using two-population fits. We find that three out of five eMSTO clusters in our sample are best fitted with one single age, suggesting that eMSTOs do not necessarily translate to detectable age spreads in integrated-light studies.
Standardized incidence ratios of malignant neoplasms among patients with pneumoconiosis
Authors: Michibata Tatsuya , Yorifuji Takashi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with pneumoconiosis, such as silicosis and asbestosis, have a high risk of lung cancer. However, whether these patients are at high risk for neoplasms other than lung cancer and mesothelioma remains inconclusive.

Aims
To examine whether patients with pneumoconiosis have a higher incidence of malignant neoplasms other than lung cancer.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study using the medical records of patients with pneumoconiosis who visited our two hospitals from 1 January 1991 through 31 December 2017. We identified the occurrence of malignant neoplasms and calculated the incidences and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) compared with those of the general population.

Results
One hundred and seventy patients with pneumoconiosis (163 men, 7 women) including 142 patients with silicosis, 24 with asbestosis and 4 with pneumoconiosis were identified. The mean age was 66.8 years. The proportion of smokers was 79%. Forty-seven malignant neoplasms occurred. Most malignant neoplasms were lung cancer (n = 22), while some were digestive cancers such as gastric cancer (n = 9), oesophageal cancer (n = 3) and colorectal cancer (n = 3). Participants presented increased risks for lung cancer (SIR: 10.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.15–16.49), gastric cancer (SIR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.22–5.35) and oesophageal cancer (SIR: 5.78, 95% CI: 1.86–17.92).

Conclusions
Compared with the general population, patients with pneumoconiosis had an increased risk of malignant neoplasms of the digestive system in addition to lung cancer. Clinicians should consider testing for digestive system cancers as well as for lung cancers in these patients.
Arguing About Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Authors: Cowie Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Avi Loeb has defended the hypothesis that the interstellar object, ‘Oumuamua, detected in 2017, is in fact an extraterrestrial artefact. His hypothesis has been widely rejected by the scientific community. On examination however it is not clear why. The puzzle is at the level of argument structure. The scientific community's responses to Loeb's hypothesis appear to point to explanations of ‘Oumuamua's properties that are mere possibilities. Yet this is something that Loeb does not contest. I appeal to broadly philosophical considerations to understand and bolster the response to Loeb. These considerations concern the structure of his argument, the role of prior confidences within it, and the presence of ‘unconceived alternative’ explanations. I then generalise. ‘Oumuamua will surely not be the last object that does not admit of straightforward natural explanation and that is claimed to be evidence of an extraterrestrial artefact. I use the preceding discussion of Loeb's argument and the scientific community's response to make some general remarks for future debate about similar cases.