bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach for improving dynamic fault ride through capability of gridctied based wind turbines
Authors: Dayo Shoaib Ahmed , Memon Ahsanullah , Memon Zeeshan Anjum , Jumani Touqeer Ahmed , Abbas Ghulam , Othmen Salwa , Yousef Amr , Wijaya Andika Aji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is preferred for wind turbines (WTs) due to their variable speed capability, reinforcing energy capture efficiency. Despite its advantages, researchers continually face challenges in managing the DFIG, including overshooting, rising time, and stability under fault conditions. The faults in WTs may stem from the grid or different operational disturbances. The crowbar protection mechanism is an efficient strategy to reduce fault impacts on DFIGs. However, the traditional hysteresis-based methods to detect faults and crowbar activation are prone to false triggering, and to address the challenges posed, this paper presents a novel control strategy that increases the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of the grid-connected DFIG systems by incorporating Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) to enhance accuracy in fault detection and employs the Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSA) to refine controller parameters. The SSA algorithm shows a superior dynamic response and stabilizes the DFIG system efficiently. Besides, the SSA algorithm precisely calibrates the proportional-integral (PI) controller gains and DC-link capacitance values to achieve the optimal transient response between Distributed Generation (DG) integration and fluctuating loads. It is evident by the results that the power quality is improved, and the active power overshoot value is decreased from 10.12 × 106 to 3.78 × 106. Moreover, by implementing the SSA algorithm in which the overshoot value is also decreased from 15.01 × 106 to 6.10 × 106, the best results are achieved. The proposed method is validated by comparative analyses with recent studies that showcase its superiority in refining machine dynamics and decreasing overshoots and transients. Henceforth, the obtained results validate the proposed method’s ability to compete against other conventional methods.
An optimized fractional order virtual synchronous generator with superconducting magnetic energy storage unit for microgrid frequency regulation enhancement
Authors: Rajaguru V. , Iyswarya Annapoorani K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) provides inertia and damping virtually, which plays a crucial role in enhancing the frequency stability of the microgrid. However, the virtual inertia added in the VSG increases the order of the system, which increases the likelihood of output real power fluctuations in the transient state, which is potentially dangerous for system stability. Hence, this paper introduces a new approach for frequency regulation in an isolated microgrid using a Fractional Order Virtual Synchronous Generator (FOVSG) which involves more degrees of freedom, integrated with a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit. The parameters of the FOVSG and Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controllers are optimized by the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) using the Integral Time Absolute Error criterion. The suggested system is simulated using MATLAB for multiple scenarios, and the outcomes are compared with the frequency regulation model using the traditional VSG with SMES unit. The performance of the suggested controller is confirmed further by utilizing a classical proportional integral derivative controller. From the results, the proposed frequency regulation model using an FOVSG and SMES unit combination with FOPID controller has superior system dynamics than the system using a traditional VSG with SMES unit. Furthermore, the suggested system using a FOVSG with SMES unit enhances the frequency responsiveness by 83.61% and 73.38% in maximum overshoot and settling period, respectively.
Baited traps as flawed proxies for carcass colonization
Authors: Lutz Lena , Amendt Jens , Moreau Gaétan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In both fundamental and applied sciences, the use of surrogates to measure phenomena that are challenging to study directly is a common practice. However, this requires validating the appropriateness of the surrogates. This study examines if traps, used to measure flight activity of necrophagous flies, can serve as effective surrogates for predicting oviposition on whole carcasses, a topic still under debate in forensic science. We used three sets, a calibration and validation subsets comprising monitoring data of the flight activity of four necrophagous blow fly species, and a test set comprising the oviposition activity of these species on carcasses. Each set also included measurements of abiotic parameters. Using Random Forest for each species, we quantitatively and qualitatively modeled flight activity as a function of abiotic parameters and validated these models. However, when we examined the extent to which flight activity predicted oviposition on carcasses, the models performed poorly, only explaining a fraction of the variance. As the first study making use of small baited trap data to model oviposition on animal carcasses, this study presents mixed results that suggests that traps, despite their utility in addressing various forensic entomology questions, currently appear to be unreliable proxies for predicting carcass colonization.
Side dominance and eye patches obscuring half of the visual field do not affect walking kinematics
Authors: Négyesi János , Kovács Bálint , Petró Bálint , Salman Diane Nabil , Khandoker Ahsan , Katona Péter , Moussa Mostafa Mohamed , Hortobágyi Tibor , Rácz Kristóf , Pálya Zsófia , Grand László , Kiss Rita Mária , Nagatomi Ryoichi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vision plays a fundamental role in the control of human locomotion, including walking gait. Given that side-dominance is associated with differences in motor control, the present study aimed to determine if patches obscuring half of the visual field affect left- and right-side dominant individuals’ gait kinematics and accompanying leg muscle activation differently. Healthy right- (n = 15, age = 28.2 ± 5.5 years) and left-side (n = 9, age = 27.9 ± 5.8 years) dominant participants performed 10 min of walking trials on a treadmill at a self-selected speed with 5 min of rest between three randomized trials, i.e., wearing clear glasses or glasses with left-or right half-field eye patching. In addition to a set of spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters, the average activity during the separated gait cycle phases, and the start and end of muscle activation in % of the gait cycle were calculated from five muscles in three muscle groups. Our results indicate that gait kinematics of left- and right-side dominant participants were similar both in their dominant and non-dominant legs, regardless of half-field eye patching condition. On the other hand, inter-group differences were found in selected kinematic variables. For instance, in addition to larger but less variable step width, our results suggest larger ankle and knee ROM in right- vs. left-sided participants. Furthermore, medial gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscle activation showed selected differences at certain phases of the gait cycle between participants’ dominant and non-dominant legs. However, it was also unaffected by the half-field eye patching condition. Moreover, the endpoint of medial gastrocnemius activation was affected by side-dominance, i.e., its activation ended earlier in the non-dominant leg of right- as compared to left-side dominant participants. Our results suggest no major differences in walking gait kinematics and accompanying muscle activation between half-field eye patching conditions in healthy adults; nevertheless, side-dominance may affect biomechanical and neuromuscular control strategies during walking gait.
Nature’s Amazing Chemistry
Authors: Freemantle Michael 
Published: February 2025

“We have just had a severe cold spell with sub-zero temperatures outside. Cold winds blew south from the Arctic circle for several days. Today, I decide to take a walk along the Roman Road path. Much to my delight I see that snowdrops are beginning to appear in the hedgerow that separates the path from the fields. I love these flowers. They herald the end of winter, the onset of spring, more daylight hours and warmer temperatures. The snowdrops have appeared about this time every year as far back as I can remember.”
Nature’s amazing chemistry has been producing all the raw materials essential for life on Earth for billions of years. The chemistry is, however, diverse and often complex and challenging. It has unfathomable depths that chemists and other scientists around the world are still attempting to probe and understand. Chapters in this book reflect Michael Freemantle’s fascination with nature’s chemistry not only of humans and other animals, but also of plants and minerals. You will discover:
Michael Freemantle is a science writer who has written numerous books and articles on chemistry, the history of science and related topics. They include The Chemists’ War: 1914–1918 published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Evaluating the Effects of Levodopa on the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series
Authors: McCaslin Devin L. , Brown Taylor , Barr Jaimie , Roytman Stiven , Kerber Kevin , Bohnen Nicolaas I. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting individuals over 60 years old. The disorder is characterized by motor symptoms due in large part to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. The vestibular system, crucial for maintaining balance, may be impacted in PD, contributing to balance issues through dysfunction in the vestibulo-ocular reflex. In this study, we aim to describe differences in vestibular responses before and after use of levodopa (L-DOPA) in patients with PD.

Method:

The study evaluated nine PD patients who underwent videonystagmography, video head impulse testing, and rotational chair testing both on and off their dopaminergic medications. Effect sizes of the mean difference was measured using Cohen's
d
.

Results:

The results revealed a general trend of increase in vestibular responses from the off stage to the on stage across all the vestibular testing mechanisms. The
p
values were all > .05, and the Cohen's
d
95% confidence interval (CI) ranged from small to moderate effects with wide CIs consistent with the small sample.

Conclusions:
In this case series of nine patients with PD, we identified a general trend of a small increase in vestibular responses in the on state of L-DOPA compared with the off state of L-DOPA. The significance and clinical implications of such differences should be evaluated in larger samples.
Understanding Portosystemic Collateral Anatomy
Authors: McBride Aaron , Wallace Alex , Patel Indravadan , Ozen Merve 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPortosystemic collateral pathways are a significant concern in interventional radiology, frequently manifesting in patients with cirrhosis or portal vein thrombosis. These pathways can lead to severe clinical complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver failure. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, hemodynamic alterations, and clinical implications of these shunts is crucial for interventional radiologists to provide effective treatment while minimizing risks. This article reviews the clinical presentations associated with portosystemic shunts, explores the anatomical variants and altered flow dynamics, and discusses the latest endovascular treatment strategies to optimize patient outcomes.
Beyond the Surface: Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule in Metastatic Gallbladder Cancer: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Khadela Avinash , Soni Shruti , Shah Vraj B. , Kothari Rushabh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSister Mary Joseph's nodule (SMJN) is an umbilical nodule occurring because of metastasis of the abdomen and pelvic malignancies. It is a rare physical finding, reported in nearly 3% of patients with gastrointestinal or gynecological cancers. The majority of cases presents at a very advanced stage of the disease, and often results in dismal prognosis. Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old woman with metastatic gallbladder cancer, presenting with SMJN. The patient declined chemotherapeutic intervention following the cancer diagnosis and later arrived with an umbilical nodule, which was identified as SMJN. The patient was advised to take a gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen, but opted solely for palliative care and passed away within a few weeks of SMJN diagnosis. This case report emphasizes how an untreated malignancy can advance quickly and present as an unusual clinical sign. Drawing the attention of health care professionals to this clinical sign will eventually help in the early detection of disease progression and its management to improve survival outcomes.
Blast tube design: How shape and size influence the resultant shock wave
Authors: Bauer R. L. , Johnson C. E. 
Published: February 2025

Shock tubes and tunnels are often used in research settings as a way of producing high pressure shock waves in a smaller footprint or without the use of explosives. However, there is no standard geometric design across laboratories. Peak pressure is a significant parameter for characterizing a shock wave. However, different tube configurations could also affect parameters such as impulse and duration, yet no research has investigated how the scale of the tube affects the overall waveform shape. To understand the implications of shock tube design, tubes with a constant length to diameter ratio were evaluated to determine how tube scaling affects the shock parameters. Larger tubes with a greater length and diameter produced more intense, shorter-duration shocks, resulting in higher pressure/duration ratios and up to a 20.9% reduction in impulse. Analysis of the pressure vs time profiles showed that square tubes have a more consistent self-similar relationship in peak pressure. Square tubes also exhibit a more pronounced negative phase than circle tubes of the same length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio. Increasing the diameter of constant length tubes from 0.5 to 1 cm increases the incident pressure by 90.94%, although this also leads to shorter shock wave durations. Conversely, increasing the length of constant diameter tubes results in a 2.4% reduction in incident pressure. These findings show that while peak pressure is important, the duration and impulse of the shock wave are crucial for determining the overall energy applied.
Semi-open impeller structural parameters optimization on hydraulic performance for a sanitary centrifugal pump
Authors: Chen Jia , Wang Hongyu , Pei Ji , Wang Wenjie , Gan Xingcheng , Wang Zhenhan 
Published: February 2025

Sanitary centrifugal pumps, which are widely used in industrial production and account for a significant share of global electric motor energy, suffer from reduced efficiency and stability due to hydraulic losses caused by the tip clearance with semi-open impeller. Improving the performance of these pumps is therefore of great importance. This study optimizes the structural parameters of semi-open impellers for a sanitary centrifugal pump to enhance pump efficiency and reduce energy losses. Five key impeller structural parameters are evaluated and a sample database is generated using the Optimal Latin Hypercube Sampling method. The performance improvement is carried out using a Response Surface Methodology approximation model combined with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II. Analysis of the optimized pump reveals a 2.04% increase in efficiency and a 1.81 m improvement in head compared to the original model. In the optimized scheme, a noticeable reduction in the areas affected by flow separation and vortex formation is identified and the high-entropy production rate area in flow channel is significantly reduced with smaller high-vorticity regions. Furthermore, a novel front cover structure is developed, revealing optimal performance at a 1/5 coverage ratio, resulting in a 6.2% efficiency gain and a 1.87 m head improvement. These findings offer valuable insights and effective strategies for enhancing the performance of sanitary centrifugal pumps while minimizing energy losses.
Fractional entropy of the Brown-Kuchař dust in fractional anti-de Sitter quantum gravity
Authors: da Silva Junior Pedro Felix , Jalalzadeh Shahram , Moradpour Hooman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study derives the mass spectrum and entropy of the Brown--Kucha\v{r} dust in anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime using the fractional Wheeler--DeWitt (WDW) equation. The generalized fractional WDW equation is formulated using a fractional quantization map, demonstrating a correlation between the fractal mass dimension of the Brown--Kucha\v{r} dust and Lévy's fractional parameter $\alpha$ of the Riesz fractional quantum operator. These findings may provide new insights into the ramifications of the fractal behavior of cosmic structures in quantum cosmology and quantum gravity.
Study of switching behaviour of g3 based gas mixtures
Authors: Gortschakow Sergey , Uhrlandt Dirk , Kloc Petr , Aubrecht Vladimir , Coufal Oldřich , Robin-Jouan Philippe , de Holanda Sousa Renan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ten years after its invention remains g3 - mixture of C4F7N, CO2 and O2 - most promising candidate for substitution of SF6 as insulating and switching gas. Extension and optimisation of g3 applications at high-voltage level, especially in circuit breakers requires the knowledge of properties and dynamics of arc discharge in this gas. The features of the arc plasma can be obtained from appropriate MHD simulations. To predict the arc behaviour a consistent set of thermo-physical and radiation data is necessary. A corresponding database is calculated for the case of local thermodynamic equilibrium and covers the temperature range 250 – 40000 K, pressure range 0.01 – 150 bar and various contents of C4F7N, O2 and PTFE. The contribution presents examples of plasma composition, thermo-physical and radiation properties for g3-based mixtures. An example of simulation results for a g3-filled high-voltage circuit breaker is presented and analysed. Predicted arc voltage and pressure build-up in selected volumes are compared with available experimental data. Furthermore, to explore the differences in switching behaviour between g3 and SF6, the simulations for this two gases at the same operation conditions were performed. The space- and time-dependent temperature and pressure profiles are presented and discussed.
Comparative analysis of measured and calculated radiation intensities in polymer ablated arcs
Authors: Nakano Yusuke , Tanaka Yasunori , Ishijima Tatsuo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The accurate prediction of radiation intensities in polymer-ablated arcs is crucial for optimizing the design and performance of electrical devices, such as circuit breakers, which rely on polymer ablation for arc control. In this study, both experimental measurements and numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the radiation intensities of polymer-ablated arcs using a one-side flow outlet model. The experiment focused on light intensity profiles, while the numerical simulations accounted for the distribution of radiation coefficients derived from temperature and mass fraction of vaporized polymers. To accurately capture the arc behavior, the radiation coefficient was calculated considering both molecular and atomic spectra, with particular attention to the C2 Swan bands and Hα/Hβ atomic lines. The model effectively reproduced the experimentally measured light intensity distributions for different polymers—PA6, POM, and PTFE—despite the complexity of the radiative transfer calculations. Significant variations in radiation intensity between the polymers were attributed to differences in molecular composition and ablation characteristics. This study demonstrates that even a simplified approach to calculating radiation coefficients, using mean absorption coefficients and axisymmetric assumptions, provides results in strong agreement with experimental data. The findings highlight the essential role of molecular spectra in predicting and diagnosing polymer-contaminated arc characteristics, such as plasma temperature and polymer vapor distributions. Comparison between experimental measurements of light intensity and the calculated intensity distributions enables the accurate estimation of number density distributions of each of species in the arc plasmas, significantly advancing the understanding of polymer-vapor contaminated arcs.
Reconstruction of admittivity distribution without phase measurements in multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography (MFEIT)
Authors: Kuusela Petri , Pourghaz Moe , Seppanen Aku 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging modality based on applying electrical currents into the target object. Traditionally, both magnitude and phase of electric potential measured on the target surface are required to reconstruct the admittivity, i.e. conductivity and permittivity, inside the target. However, measuring the phase of potential requires more advanced EIT system than that used in amplitude data-based electrical resistance tomography (ERT). In this article, we propose a novel EIT method, amplitude-based multi frequency EIT (AMFEIT), that reconstructs admittivity using only amplitude data. Therefore, AMFEIT can be used with devices that do not provide the phase data. The performance of AMFEIT is compared to that of traditional single frequency EIT using numerical and experimental tests. In simulations, the effects of certain modelling errors and choice of frequencies on the reconstruction quality are studied. In the experimental setup, several targets inside a water tank are imaged. Both the numerical and experimental tests support the feasibility of AMFEIT for reconstructing admittivity distributions. When the frequencies are properly chosen, the AMFEIT yields reconstructions that are of the same quality as those based on conventional EIT that uses phase data.
Refractive index measurement based on surface plasmon resonance with optical fiber excitation structure and phase-detection using dual-frequency laser interferometry
Authors: Chen Qianghua , Liu Fuming , Lv Hongbo , Dou Zhaoliang , Ouyang Peixuan , Liu Fengbin , Wang Feng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The refractive index is an important physical characteristic that reflects material information. In this paper a refractive index measurement method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with optical fiber excitation structure and phase-detection using a dual-frequency laser interferometer is presented. A four-layer fiber SPR model is built based on Kretschmann structure. Theoretical analyses indicate that the phase difference variation between p and s polarization components of the reflected light is approximately linear with the refractive index in a certain range, and thus the calculation formulae are derived. The presented optical measurement system meets the principle of the common optical path to get good anti-interference ability and stability. Signal processing adopts phase detection, which avoids the influence of light intensity fluctuation and achieves high resolution. The refractive index measurement experiments show that the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Comparison results with the Abbe refractometer show a good agreement. The presented method is a new attempt to combine fiber SPR with laser heterodyne interference phase measurement.