bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of management approaches for hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a retrospective questionnaire analysis
Authors: Mares Rachel , Morrow Adelene , Shumway Haley , Zapata Isain , Forstein David , Brooks Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, or morning sickness. 2% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by hyperemesis gravidarum. The condition is characterized by severe vomiting in pregnant people, especially during the first trimester, often leading to hypovolemia and weight loss. The standard of care for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is commonly ineffective. We hypothesize that based on patient experience; the current treatment guidelines for hyperemesis are not clinically effective. Our objective was to identify the efficacy of the various management approaches that are currently in place for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Methods
A questionnaire was designed based on diagnostic criteria, standard demographic identifiers, and common medications for the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. This questionnaire was distributed online to through hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy support groups, personal social media, and institutional email.

Results
In our study, most participants diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum trialed at least three medications, most of which were ineffective and/or had severe side effects. The most used medication for treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum is ondansetron, a standard antiemetic, with fatigue and constipation being the most reported side effects. All data in the dataset was coded as categorical and analyzed using contingency tables using Mantel-Haenszel Chi square tests.

Conclusions
The data presented in this research provides insight into the suffering that patients with these diagnoses face day-to-day due to the lack of efficacious, well-tolerated treatment options. Establishing this gap in treatment can facilitate the development of effective treatments that will provide relief for thousands of patients.
Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia caused by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency in a Chinese patient: a case report
Authors: Zu Yumei , Wang Hui , Lin Weijia , Zou Chaochun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (HNSHA). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of the GPI gene on chromosome 19q13 is the cause of GPI deficiency. Fifty-seven GPI mutations have been reported at the molecular level.

Case presentation
A 5-month-old boy was presented with repeated episodes of jaundice after birth. He suffered from moderate hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin levels ranging from 62 to 91 g/L) associated with macrocytosis, reticulocytosis, neutropenia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Whole-exome sequencing showed that he has a missense mutation c.301G > A (p.Val101Met) in exon 4 and a frameshift mutation c.812delG (p.Gly271Glufs*131) in exon 10. Mutation p.Gly271Glufs*131 is a novel frameshift null mutation in GPI deficiency.

Conclusion
In a patient with recurrent jaundice since birth, mutations in the GPI gene associated with HNSHA should be evaluated. The c.812delG (p.Gly271Glufs*131) variant may be a novel mutation of the GPI gene. Compound heterozygous mutations c.301G > A (p.Val101Met) and c.812delG (p.Gly271Glufs*131) are not relevant to neurological impairment.
Food and beverage advertising expenditures in Canada in 2016 and 2019 across media
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Pauzé Elise , Bagnato Mariangela , Guimarães Julia Soares , Pinto Adena , Remedios Lauren , Pritchard Meghan , L’Abbé Mary R. , Mulligan Christine , Vergeer Laura , Weippert Madyson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFood and beverage advertising has been identified as a powerful determinant of dietary intake and weight. Available evidence suggests that the preponderance of food and beverage advertising expenditures are devoted to the promotion of unhealthy products. The purpose of this study is to estimate food advertising expenditures in Canada in 2019 overall, by media and by food category, determine how much was spent on promoting healthier versus less healthy products and assess whether changes in these expenditures occurred between 2016 and 2019.MethodsEstimates of net advertising expenditures for 57 selected food categories promoted on television, radio, out-of-home media, print media and popular websites, were licensed from Numerator. The nutrient content of promoted products or brands were collected, and related expenditures were then categorized as “healthy” or “unhealthy” according to a Nutrient Profile Model (NPM) proposed by Health Canada. Expenditures were described using frequencies and relative frequencies and percent changes in expenditures between 2016 and 2019 were computed.ResultsAn estimated $628.6 million was spent on examined food and beverage advertising in Canada in 2019, with television accounting for 67.7%, followed by digital media (11.8%). In 2019, most spending (55.7%) was devoted to restaurants, followed by dairy and alternatives (11%), and $492.9 million (87.2% of classified spending) was spent advertising products and brands classified as “unhealthy”. Fruit and vegetables and water accounted for only 2.1 and 0.8% of expenditures, respectively, in 2019. In 2019 compared to 2016, advertising expenditures decreased by 14.1% across all media (excluding digital media), with the largest decreases noted for print media (− 63.0%) and television (− 14.6%). Overall, expenditures increased the most in relative terms for fruit and vegetables (+ 19.5%) and miscellaneous products (+ 5%), while decreasing the most for water (− 55.6%) and beverages (− 47.5%).ConclusionsDespite a slight drop in national food and beverage advertising spending between 2016 and 2019, examined expenditures remain high, and most products or brands being advertised are unhealthy. Expenditures across all media should continue to be monitored to assess Canada’s nutrition environment and track changes in food advertising over time.
Parents’ perceptions of their children’s physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ostermeier Emma , Tucker Patricia , Tobin Danielle , Clark Andrew , Gilliland Jason 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has drastically changed the everyday lives of children, including limiting interactions with peers, loss of regularly organized activities, and closure of schools and recreational facilities. While COVID-19 protocols are in place to reduce viral transmission, they have affected children’s access to physical activity opportunities. The purpose of this study was to understand how COVID-19 has affected children’s engagement in physical activity and to identify strategies that can support children’s return to physical activity programming in public places.

Methods
Parents of past participants in the Grade 5 ACT-i-Pass Program in London, Ontario, Canada were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview online (in November and December 2020) via Microsoft Teams. The script was comprised of questions about their child’s physical activity levels (before, current, and anticipated following COVID-19), lifestyle changes due to COVID-19, and what service providers can do to assist children’s return to public programming. Interviews were transcribed in Microsoft Teams, reviewed by a member of the research team, and analyzed in NVivo 12 using thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty-seven parents participated in an interview. Four themes and two subthemes were identified during analysis: (1) modifications to everyday life (a. activity options available and b. altered social environment), (2) safety in public spaces, (3) accessibility of activities, and (4) utilizing outdoor spaces.

Conclusions
COVID-19 protocols have decreased children’s physical activity levels due to the loss of their regular activities, recreational spaces, and peer support. Implementing facility and activity-specific health protocols, providing outdoor activity options, and offering a variety of activity types, times, and locations are three strategies recommended by parents to help facilitate their children’s return to public recreational places. Due to the negative consequences of physical inactivity on children’s health and well-being, service providers need to implement programming and safety protocols that support children’s engagement in physical activity throughout the remainder of, and the years following, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Spatial–temporal-demographic and virological changes of hand, foot and mouth disease incidence after vaccination in a vulnerable region of China
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Ting , Liu Xuxiang , Fu Yuansheng , Zhang Sichen , Chu Qinshu , Nie Tingyue , Tu Houmian , Cheng Jian , Fan Yinguang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) vaccine has been used in Hefei for several years, and the epidemiological significance of vaccination in this area is unclear. We aims to explore the spatial–temporal-demographic and virological changes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) after vaccination in China.

Methods
The data for HFMD from 2012 to 2020 were downloaded with the help of HFMD reporting system of Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention and combined with the EV-A71 vaccination status in Hefei. The study defined the period between 2012 to 2016 as the pre-vaccination period and explored the effect of vaccination on the incidence of HFMD by comparing the changes of HFMD before and after vaccination in terms of spatial, temporal, demographic and virological aspects.

Results
During the study period, a higher incidence occurred in urban area and the random distribution changed to a slight cluster after vaccination. HFMD incidence had inconsistent seasonality over years, with one or two incidence peaks in varying years. The morbidity decreased from 215.22/105 in 2012–2016 to 179.81/105 in 2017–2020 (p < 0.001). Boys, 0–4 years old children and Scattered children were more susceptible to HFMD compared with the others, the proportions decreased after vaccination except in Scattered children. The main pathogenic enterovirus gradually changed from EV-A71 to Other Enteroviruses, especially coxsackieviruses A6 (CV-A6) after the implementation of EV-A71 vaccination.

Conclusions
The EV-A71 vaccine was effective in reducing the incidence of HFMD and changing the spatial, temporal, demographic, and virological characteristic. These changes should be considered during the vaccination implementation to further reduce the disease burden of HFMD.
Psychosocial factors associated with malaria care-seeking in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Olapeju Bolanle , Tamene Habtamu , Ayele Minyahil , Heliso Simon , Berhanu Tsega , Alemayehu Guda , Kapadia-Kundu Nandita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia’s National Malaria Control and Elimination Program aims to diagnose all suspected malaria cases within 24 h of fever onset and provide prompt treatment for confirmed cases. This study explored psychosocial factors associated with no-, delayed- and prompt- care-seeking among female caregivers of children under five years with fever in rural Ethiopia.

Methods
Household surveys were conducted from 2016–2019 among female caregivers (N = 479) of children under five years old with fever in Oromia; Amhara; Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR); and Tigray. Prompt and delayed care-seeking were defined as seeking treatment within ≤ 24 h or > 24 h of symptom onset respectively. Contextual factors explored included sociodemographic factors, household supply of bed nets, exposure to health messages, and household vulnerability (a measure of financial access to food, shelter, schooling, and medical treatment). Ideational factors included psychosocial factors related to care-seeking (knowledge, self-efficacy, response efficacy, attitudes, involvement in decision-making, and household social support).

Results
The prevalence of fever among children under five years was 18% (ranging from 9% in Tigray to 34% in SNNPR. Overall, 45% of caregivers of children with fever sought care promptly, while 23% delayed care-seeking and 32% sought no care. Prompt care-seeking rates were higher among caregivers with positive attitudes toward prompt care-seeking (48%), involved in decision-making (48%) or perceived equitable gender norms in the community (65%). Caregivers with a high care-seeking ideation had increased odds of prompt care-seeking (aOR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.74–4.02). Significant contextual factors included residence in the Oromia region (aOR: 2.99; 95% CI:1.40–6.41), caregivers age 35–49 years (aOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26–0.95), residence in vulnerable households (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.28–3.18).

Conclusions
Among this rural Ethiopian population, prompt care-seeking was low but positively influenced by both ideational and contextual psychosocial factors occurring at the caregiver level. Multi-sectoral interventions at the individual, community, and health facility levels are needed to improve prompt care-seeking. These include social behavior change interventions to improve ideation, complemented by health facility interventions to ensure provision of high-quality services and structural interventions to increase educational attainment in these rural settings.
“The pandemic made us stop and think about who we are and what we want:” Using intersectionality to understand migrant and refugee women’s experiences of gender-based violence during COVID-19
Authors: Gillespie Alli , Seff Ilana , Caron Camilla , Maglietti Maria Margherita , Erskine Dorcas , Poulton Catherine , Stark Lindsay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Migrant and refugee women have faced a myriad of challenges during COVID-19, which are often exacerbated by the interaction between this population’s diverse identities and established systems in the local context. This qualitative study uses the lens of intersectionality to understand migrant and refugee women’s experiences of gender-based violence and access to and quality of support services in Italy during the first year of COVID-19.

Methods
Data were gathered from 51 key informant interviews and eight focus group discussions of 31 participants. Key informants included service providers across sectors, including gender-based violence and anti-violence organizations, government and law, health, psychology, social work, and anti-trafficking administration. Focus group participants were migrant and refugee women aged 18–65 from the following countries of origin: Bangladesh, Cameroon, Colombia, El Salvador, Gambia, Ghana, Honduras, Libya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Senegal, and Syria. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded using a collaborative process with partners from UNICEF. Transcripts were then evaluated for arising themes using three methods of intersectionality analysis.

Results
Data analysis revealed how COVID-19 converged with sexism, racism, and xenophobia in Italy, leading to increased public and domestic violence against refugee and migrant women. Another prominent theme was the exacerbated vulnerability for refugee and migrant women in precarious socioeconomic situations, which prompted many service providers to recognize and address gaps in service offerings and coordination around basic needs. However, due to resource constraints and bias, providers did not systematically incorporate inclusive language and cultural mediation into remote and online services, creating a heightened barrier to access for non-Italian women despite their complex needs. As such, refugee and migrant women highlighted community-based solidarity and support as protective factors during lockdown periods.

Conclusion
Findings emphasize how overlapping dominant sociocultural and socioeconomic systems impacted refugee and migrant women’s experiences of violence during COVID-19 in Italy, and how some support services were unprepared to respond to the complex needs of diverse, newcomer populations. We discuss how policymakers and practitioners might consider intersectionality in their preparedness and response planning for gender-based violence services during health emergencies moving forward.
Understanding Australian adolescent girls’ use of digital technologies for healthy lifestyle purposes: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Parker Kate , Gould Laura , Nand Meenal , Rawstorn Jonathan C. , Contardo Ayala Ana Maria , Maddison Ralph , Toffoletti Kim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about girls’ use of a broad range of digital technologies to support a healthy lifestyle, particularly during the later adolescent years when they are expected to take greater responsibility for individually managing their health and wellbeing. The present study was designed to gain an in-depth understanding of adolescent girls’, 15 to 17 years of age, use of a broad range of digital technologies to support multiple healthy lifestyle purposes.

Methods
This study used a mixed-methods sequential research design (i.e. quantitative and qualitative data in two consecutive phases). A quantitative online survey was conducted to determine the use of digital technologies for healthy lifestyle purposes. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subset of survey respondents to explore factors influencing their technology use and preferences.

Results
Descriptive analysis of survey data (online survey, n = 336) demonstrated the popularity of social media and online video sharing platforms, with evidence that the use of digital technologies does not occur in isolation and girls draw on several resources simultaneously to achieve their desired healthy lifestyle outcomes. Thematic analysis of interview data (semi-structured interviews, n = 29) revealed seven interrelated themes around factors influencing girls’ use of, and satisfaction with, different digital technologies: accessibility, social connectivity, credibility, relatability, inspiration, safety, and customisability.

Conclusions
The findings reiterate that one size doesn’t fit all girls, and often one size might not even fit one girl, and thus highlight the challenge of catering to such varied use cases. Overall, it appears that current digital technology offerings meet the needs and preferences of adolescent girls for healthy lifestyle purposes, however there may be benefit in allowing greater customisation of use, and consumer driven tailoring of content, according to personal preferences and changing circumstances.
Evaluating the sustainability of non-communicable diseases programs in Malaysia
Authors: Shanmuganathan Selvanaayagam , Mustapha Feisul Idzwan , Wilson Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The substantial rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the last two decades poses a major concern to the healthcare services in Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of the current NCDs programs and identify the challenges and factors impeding the sustainability of the NCDs program implemented under the National Strategic Plan.

Methods
This study applied the mixed-method approach using the Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT) to assess the eight domains for program sustainability combined with 5 open-ended questions. The survey was administered to key leaders from the district health offices in Malaysia. The mean score for each sustainability domain and the overall mean sustainability score were determined. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and NVivo version 12, respectively.

Results
A total of 80 key leaders responded to the survey. Overall seven domains scored an average of ≥ 4 with an overall mean sustainability score of 4.2. The highest domain mean scores were 4.5 (communications) and 4.4 (organizational capacity). The lowest mean score domain was 3.8 (funding stability). The open-ended responses revealed challenges faced by department heads, including implementation difficulties, factors impeding the planning of the NCDs program for sustainability, lack of financial resources, lack of human resources, and support for staff training which are largely consistent with the scores of each domain.

Conclusion
The sustainability factors affecting the NCDs program in Malaysia are qualitatively similar to other countries. For greater sustainability capacity, we should work towards strong leadership, strengthening funding stability, and incorporating evidence-based public health strategies in the implementation of the NCDs program.
Rapidly destructive osteoarthritis of the spine: lessons learned from the first reported case
Authors: Baroncini Alice , Berjano Pedro , Migliorini Filippo , Lamartina Claudio , Vanni Daniele , Boriani Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Rapidly Destructive Osteoarthritis (RDOA) has been described for the hip and shoulder joints and is characterized by a quickly developing bone edema followed by extensive remodeling and joint destruction. Confronted with a similarly evolving case of endplate edema and destruction of the disk space, we offer the first described case of spinal RDOA and illustrate the challenges it presented, along with the strategies we put in place to overcome them.

Case presentation
We present a case of spinal RDOA that, also due to the delay in the diagnoses, underwent multiple revisions for implant failure with consequent coronal and sagittal imbalance. A 37-years-old, otherwise healthy female presented with atraumatic low back pain: after initial conservative treatment, subsequent imaging showed rapidly progressive endplate erosion and a scoliotic deformity. After surgical treatment, the patient underwent numerous revisions for pseudoarthrosis, coronal and sagittal imbalance and junctional failure despite initially showing a correct alignement after each surgery. As a mechanic overload from insufficient correction of the alignement of the spine was ruled out, we believe that the multiple complications were caused by an impairment in the bone structure and thus, reviewing old imaging, diagnosed the patient with spinal RDOA. In case of spinal RDOA, particular care should be placed in the choice of extent and type of instrumentation in order to prevent re-intervention.

Conclusion
Spinal RDOA is characterized by a quickly developing edema of the vertebral endplates followed by a destruction of the disk space within months from the first diagnosis. The disease progresses in the involved segment and to the adjacent disks despite surgical therapy. The surgical planning should take the impaired bone structure account and the use of large interbody cages or 4-rod constructs should be considered to obtain a stable construct.