bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis on Cyanide Removal of Gold Tailings under Medium-Temperature Roasting
Authors: Long Hai , Xin Zhao , Bo Xu , Tongjun Cheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cyanide content of gold tailings exceeds the standard seriously due to the cyanide extraction process. In order to improve the resource utilization efficiency of gold tailings, a medium-temperature roasting experiment was carried out on the stock tailings of Paishanlou gold mine after washing and pressing filtration treatment. The thermal decomposition rule of cyanide in gold tailings was analyzed, and the effects of different roasting temperatures and roasting durations on cyanide removal efficiency were compared. The results show that when the roasting temperature reaches 150 oC, the weak cyanide compound and free cyanide in the tailings begin to decompose. When the calcination temperature reached 300 oC, the complex cyanide compound began to decompose. When the roasting temperature reaches the initial temperature of cyanide decomposition, the cyanide removal efficiency can be improved by prolonging the roasting time. After roasting at 250~300 oC for 30~40 min, the total cyanide content in the toxic leachate decreased from 3.27 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L, which met the water quality standard of Ⅲ class in China. The research results provide a low-cost and efficient way for cyanide treatment, which is of great significance for promoting the resource utilization of gold tailings and other cyanide-containing wastes.
Counselor Self-Efficacy, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion among Counselor Trainees
Authors: McCullagh John , Unsworth Sinead 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There has been emerging research and theoretical evidence supporting mindfulness as a skill for enhancing clinical skills for mental health clinicians (Christopher et al., 2011; Greason & Cashwell, 2009). However, mindfulness as it relates to key developmental aspects of clinical training has yet to be fully explored. This study examined the relationship between mindfulness and counselor self-efficacy, with self-compassion as a proposed mediator among 213 mental health providers-in-training. Regression analysis supported the hypothesis that mindfulness is a significant predictor of counselor self-efficacy. However, a mediation analysis indicated that self-compassion was not a mediator of the relationship. Results provide incentive for the implementation of mindfulness interventions in clinical training programs.
Dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of broiler chickens
Authors: Alagbe Emmanuel Oluwabukunmi , Schulze Hagen , Adeola Olayiwola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast (ETY) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of coccidia-challenged broiler chickens.
Methods: From d 1 to 14 post hatching, 480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY (0, 1, or 2 g/kg). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight (BW) used as a blocking factor. On d 14 post hatching, the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental diets. Each of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge group. This resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral gavage.
Results: Dietary ETY improved (P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased (P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen, and gross energy (GE). The coccidia challenge decreased (P < 0.01) BW gain, feed intake, and G:F of broiler chickens, and reduced (P < 0.01) the apparent total tract digestibility of DM, GE, and nitrogen. The coccidia challenge increased (P< 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 in the cecal mucosa. There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β expression. Additionally, ETY supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the gene expression of OCLN. Serum catalase increased (P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d 21. Dietary ETY linearly increased (P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio, and ileal goblet cell density in broiler chickens. The ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d 21.
Conclusions: Dietary ETY enhanced nutrient utilization and augmented intestinal development in broiler chickens. However, dietary ETY did not completely attenuate the adverse effects of a coccidia challenge in broiler chickens.
Three-dimensional branch segmentation and phenotype extraction of maize tassel based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Wu Sheng , Wen Weiliang , Lu Xianju , Wang Chuanyu , Gou Wenbo , Li Yuankun , Guo Xinyu , Zhao Chunjiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The morphological structure phenotype of maize tassel plays an important role in plant growth, reproduction, and yield formation. Plant organ segmentation can be achieved with high-precision and automated acquisition of maize tassel phenotype indicators because of the advances in the point cloud deep learning method. However, this method requires a large number of data sets and is not robust to automatic segmentation of highly adherent organ components; thus, it should be combined with point cloud processing technology.
Results
An innovative method of incomplete annotation of point cloud data was proposed for easy development of the dataset of maize tassels,and an automatic maize tassel phenotype analysis system: MaizeTasselSeg was developed. The top point cloud of tassel branch was automatically segmented based on PointNet + + network. Complete branch segmentation was realized based on the shortest path algorithm. The Intersection over Union(IoU), precision, and recall of the segmentation results were 96.29, 96.36, and 93.01, respectively. Six phenotypic indexes related to morphological structure (branch count, branch length, branch angle, branch curvature, tassel volume, and dispersion) were automatically extracted from the segmentation point cloud. The squared correlation coefficients (R2) for branch length, branch angle, and branch count were 0.9897, 0.9317, and 0.9587, respectively. The root mean squared error (RMSE) for branch length, branch angle, and branch count were 0.529 cm, 4.516°, and 0.875, respectively.
Conclusion
The proposed method provides an efficient scheme for high-throughput organ segmentation of maize tassels and can be used for the automatic extraction of phenotypic indicators of maize tassels. In addition, the incomplete annotation approach provides a new idea for morphology-based plant segmentation.
Including loss minimisation in conservation representation: expansion of the protected area network in Colombia to maximise habitat retention
Authors: Negret Pablo , Venegas Ruben , Sonter Laura , Possingham Hugh , Maron Martine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost protected area (PA) planning aims to improve biota representation within the PA system, but this does not necessarily achieve the best outcomes for biota retention across regions when we also consider areas outside the PA system. Here we assess the implications that different PA expansion strategies can have on the retention of species habitat across an entire region. Using retention of forest habitat for Colombia’s 550 forest-dependent bird species as our outcome variable, we found that when a minimum of 30% of each species’ habitat was included in the PA system, a pattern of PA expansion targeting areas at highest deforestation risk (risk-prevention) led to the retention, on average, of 7.2% more forest habitat per species by 2050 than did a pattern that targeted areas at lowest risk (risk-avoidance). The risk-prevention approach cost more per km² of land conserved, but it was more cost-effective in retaining habitat (50 – 69% lower cost per km2 of avoided deforestation). To have the same effectiveness preventing habitat loss in Colombia, the risk-avoidance approach required 234% more area and 306% higher cost. PA expansion should focus on the contributions of PAs to outcomes not only within PA systems themselves, but across regions and jurisdictions.
Effect of European COVID-containment policies on epidemiological monitoring indicators
Authors: Podrecca Chiara , Parimbelli Enea , Pala Daniele , Cheng Cindy , Messerschmidt Luca , Büthe Tim , Bellazzi Riccardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since its initial appearance on the western world in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a catastrophic event that has seriously endangered the world’s population. While governments have tried their best to respond appropriately to the changing rhythms of the pandemic, they have largely been unprepared to deal with a calamity of such proportion. This is in no small part due to the lack of sufficient or adequately fine-grained data necessary for forecasting the pandemic’s evolution. To remedy this gap, researchers from around the world have been collecting data about different aspects of COVID-19’s evolution and government responses to them so as to provide the foundation for informative models and tools that can be used to mitigate the current pandemic and possibly prevent the spread of future ones. Indeed, a number of research initiatives were launched in the early stages of the pandemic with this goal, including the PERISCOPE (Pan-European Response to the ImpactS of COVID-19 and future Pandemics and Epidemics) Project, funded by the European Commission. PERISCOPE aims to investigate the broad socio-economic and behavioral impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the goal of making Europe more resilient and prepared for future large-scale risks. The purpose of this paper, which is part of work carried on within the PERISCOPE project, is to provide a first analysis at the European level of the effect of policy actions on the spread of the virus. To do so, the relationship between a novel index, the Policy Intensity Index, and four epidemiological variables collected by the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention will be assessed. After a first exploratory correlational and causal analysis, a comprehensive Pan-European population model is proposed: based on Multilevel Vector Autoregression, the model aims at identifying effects that are common to all European countries while treating country-specific policies as covariates explaining the different evolution of the pandemic in 9 selected countries, tracked through four epidemiological monitoring indicators.
Combining UV-irradiation and alkaline deacetylation to obtain vitamin D- and chitosan-enriched fractions from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes)
Authors: Morales Diego , Piris Adriana Jiménez , Ruiz-Rodríguez Alejandro , Soler-Rivas Cristina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) contain compounds with hypocholesterolemic and immune-modulatory activities such as ergosterol and chitin that can be partially transformed into vitamin D and chitosan to yield extracts with enhanced bioactivities. A method was optimized to increase vitamin D2 levels by irradiating a non-soluble fraction obtained from shiitake mushrooms during 1 h with UV-light (254 nm) at 50 ºC in methanol. After 1h almost all ergosterol was transformed into vitamin D2. The conversion ratio can be simply adjusted by reducing the irradiation time. A deacetylation treatment with 50% NaOH for 24 h at 95 ºC was needed to generate chitosan and other water-soluble lower molecular weight derivatives from chitin. To obtain an extract enriched in both compounds, the defined methods can be combined but the extracts should be firstly deacetylated and later irradiated. In this order, an extract is obtained containing vitamin D2 (4.65 mg/g) and chitosan (2.83%).
Antiparasitic effect of Psidium guajava on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania
Authors: Rojas-Jaimes Jesús , Mesía-Guevara Marco , Rojas-Puell Maria , Castañeda-Pelaez Luis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is a stigmatic and mutilating disease due to pathogenic species of the genus Leishmania which, depending on the species and the individual's immune status, may vary clinically from a cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral form, and for which there is no suitable treatment without significant side effects.
Methods: The method of [3-(3,4 -dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide] was used to study the antiparasitic effects of ethanolic (100mg/mL) and aqueous (100mg/mL) extracts of Psidium guajava on axenic amastigotes cultures (8.1 x103 parasite/mL) and promastigotes (12 x 104 parasite/mL) obtained from a patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis, and the percentage of parasite death was evaluated in comparison with Glucantime (300mg/mL) and untreated parasite cultures.
Results: Regarding parasite death in promastigotes, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts had a percentage of 22.58% and -45.16%, respectively, with no significant difference between treatments (N=3) (p= 0.058). In contrast, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts had an antiparasitic percentage of 91.67% and -70.83%, respectively, with a significant difference between treatments (N=3) (p<0.05).
Conclusions:Our study showed high and significant effectiveness in parasite death (91.67%) of Leishmania axenic amastigotes of the ethanolic extract (100mg/mL) of Psidium guajava, being this result promising and the basis for in vivo studies, using the ethanolic extraction of P. guajava.
Prevalence, forms, risk factors, and impact of violence towards healthcare workers during the Covid – 19 pandemic in Malawi
Authors: Nyangulu Wongani , Sadimba Christina , Nyirenda Joyce , Masano Angella , Chilinda Elizabeth , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The Covid – 19 pandemic overwhelmed health systems, especially, those with poor infrastructure and limited workforces. Healthcare workers face an increased workload, burnout, stress, and increasing incidence of violence as a direct result of the pandemic. If not effectively dealt with, violence against healthcare workers during the pandemic could derail the public health response. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of violence toward healthcare workers during the pandemic in Malawi. We also described the forms and perpetrators, evaluated the predictors, and determined the impact of violence on healthcare workers.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study in six health facilities across three districts in central and southern Malawi. Data collection took place from 22 February – 27 July 2022. We recruited all consenting doctors, clinical officers, nurses, ambulance drivers, health surveillance assistants, and patient attendants who were present on the day of recruitment. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic factors and professional characteristics of the healthcare workers. The main outcome measures were personal experiences of physical violence, verbal abuse, and bullying or mobbing during the pandemic.
Results
We recruited 200 study participants and 70.5% were female. The age range was 20 – 59 with the most common age category being the 25 – 29 age group (24.5%). The overall prevalence of violence was 93% (95% CI: 88.5 – 96.1). The prevalence of physical attacks was 5.5% (95% CI: 2.8 – 9.6%), verbal abuse was 91.5% (95% CI: 86.7 – 95.0), and bullying/mobbing was 79.2% (95% CI: 72.8 – 84.6). Being married (OR: 19, 95% CI: 1.9 – 185.3) and having 6 – 10 staff members working at the same time (OR: 13.8, 95% CI: 1.8 – 107.6) were significantly associated with a physical attack. Being married (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.2 – 18.2), a regular member of staff (OR: 22.6, 95% CI: 1.4 – 410.4), and working with over 15 people at the same time (OR: 25.2, 95% CI: 5.2 – 122.7) were significantly associated with verbal abuse
Conclusions
The prevalence of violence against healthcare workers was extremely high during the Covid – 19 pandemic. The levels of violence were higher than pre-pandemic levels in the country and higher than levels in other countries during the same period. We recommend immediate actions to address this violence and inclusion of different stakeholders for a multi-sectoral appaorach.
Modelling and experimental study on dynamics of a gas-driven split nut device
Authors: Lin Juncheng , Wang Xuefeng , Zhao Zhen , Liu caishan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Separation devices are widely used in satellites and rockets, where mechanical properties of the devices have significant influences on connection and separation behaviors. Compared to a pyrotechnically actuated separation device, a gas-driven separation device employs preloads, instead of explosions, to actuate separation of the aircrafts, which has advantages of reusability and low impacts. Dynamic modeling of the gas-driven separation device can be used to optimize its separation behaviors, where flexibility is considered since preloads stored in deformations play important roles in separations. Complex interactions of interfaces occur during the separation process in a short time, which raises issues of convergence and computational time when a finite element method is in use. In this work, a simplified model of a gas-driven separation device is firstly developed, where flexibility is introduced only on the interfaces of components and their bodies are still rigid. The LZB multi-point method is applied to deal with repeated impacts of the interfaces in the separation process, and a variable-constraint technique is established to rebuild contact-point pairs when contact areas vary. Simulations of the dynamic model describe detailed interactions of the separation process. Results illustrate that the separation time decreases when the preload increases, and the decreasing rate gets lower due to reactions of split nuts. A test bench of the gas-driven separation device is developed, by which experimental results validate that the proposed dynamic model can accurately predict the separation time and speeds at different preloads.
The metabolites of light: untargeted metabolomic approaches bring new clues to understand light-driven adaptation of intertidal mudflat biofilm.
Authors: Doose Caroline , Hubas Cédric 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The microphytobenthos (MPB) is a microbial community of primary producers playing a key role in coastal ecosystem functioning. The intertidal mudflats are subject to challenging variations of irradiance, forcing the micro-organisms to develop photoprotective mechanisms. Two major adaptations to light are well described in literature: the excess of light energy dissipation through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and the vertical migration in the sediment. These mechanisms trigger a lot of scientific interest, but the biological processes and metabolic mechanisms involved in light-driven vertical migration remain largely unknown. To our knowledge, this study investigates for the first time metabolomic responses of a migrational mudflat biofilm exposed for 30 min to a light gradient of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from 50 to 1000 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1. The untargeted metabolomic analysis allowed to identify metabolites involved in two types of responses to light exposures. On the one hand, the production of FAs from bacterial origin corresponding to good photosynthesis state of MPB under low light (LL) and medium light (ML). On the other hand, alka(e)nes and a fatty alcohol were produced under light-induced stress triggered by high light (HL). The physiological and ecological roles of these compounds are poorly described in literature. This study showed that they seem to play important unexplored roles in light-induced stress adaptation of migrational MPB biofilms. Since alka(e)nes are produced from FAs decarboxylation, these results thus emphasize for the first time the importance of FAs pathways in microphytobenthic biofilms adaptation to light.
Spatial and temporal cooccurrence among Neotropical native coccinellids and the exotic Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Rizzo María Estefanía , Salvo Adriana , Rocca Margarita , Greco Nancy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Coccinellids are important biological control agent and aphid predators in horticultural crops around the world. Neotropical Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata octodecimpustulata, and the exotic Harmonia axyridis (all Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), are predators that mainly feeds on aphids. In this work we described the abundance of these coccinellid species and their spatial and temporal cooccurrence in agroecological eggplant crop of Argentina. We also estimate the intensity and symmetry of the intraguild predation between C. quadrifasciata octodecimpustulata and the other species in laboratory experiments. Both temporal and spatial segregation was observed, and H. axyridis was the strongest intraguild predator in the interaction with C. quadrifasciata octodecimpustulata, and this latter was the strongest intraguild predator in interaction with C. sanguinea and E. connexa. In this context, native coccinellid species would be vulnerable to the exotic and invasive H. axyridis; however, the lack of cooccurrence of this species with the native ones, under conditions of low density of extra-guild prey would indicate that spatial segregation could be the mechanism by which these species coexist in the eggplant crop.
Evaluation of the Efficiency and Safety of a 27-gauge 20,000 cuts per minute Vitreous Cutter
Authors: Doi Yuta , Muraoka Yuki , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of a 27-gauge (G) 20,000 cuts per minute (cpm) vitreous cutter in clinical settings.
Methods
This was a retrospective and observational study of 40 eyes of 40 patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). Twenty patients (20 eyes) were treated using a 27G 10,000-cpm vitreous cutter (Advanced ULTRAVIT® Probe, Alcon), whereas the remaining 20 patients (20 eyes) were treated using a 27G 20,000-cpm cutter (Hypervit® dual-blade probe, Alcon). All the surgeries were performed by the same surgeon (YM). The time from the start of vitrectomy to the start of ERM peeling was independently measured by two separate examiners using digital videos of each surgery. The average duration of vitrectomy was calculated for each patient. Additionally, the data of the patients in the two groups were extracted from their medical and surgical records and compared.
Results
The time from the initiation of vitrectomy until the start of ERM peeling was 184 ± 56.9 and 152 ± 39.5 s for the 10,000-cpm and 20,000-cpm groups, respectively. The duration of vitrectomy was significantly shorter in the 20,000-cpm group than in the 10,000-cpm group (p= 0.041). Postoperative vitreous hemorrhage was observed in one patient in the 10,000-cpm group, whereas no complications were observed in the 20,000-cpm group.
Conclusion
In a clinical setting, the 27G 20,000-cpm vitreous cutter may have a high safety profile and higher efficacy for vitreous removal than that of the 27G 10,000-cpm vitreous cutter.