bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Army Public School Terrorist Attack - Perceptions and Experiences of school children of Karachi
Authors: Musharraf Mehjabeen , Baig Lubna , Baig Zarrukh Ali 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To explore the experiences and perceptions of school children of Karachi after the Army Public School (APS) attack.
Methods: It was a qualitative transcendental phenomenological study. Data collection started nine months after the attack, in September 2015, and continued till November 2019. Study participants were school children from Army, Government, and Private schools. The sampling strategy was convenience. Data collection of 53 students was done by focus group discussions and in depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using the phenomenological analytical techniques of Colaizzi.
Results: Inductive analysis of the qualitative data gave rise to three themes - The journey beyond fear, Response of parents and schools and Role of media.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the APS attack was the source of emotional distress and fear for the school children of Karachi as they personalized the event due to the nature of the attack. Immediately after the incident, they were in anger, grief, and fear, which altered their daily life activities and caused apprehensions in socializing and attending school. However, later they became highly motivated to study and gained courage. This motivation is revenge from terrorists as they wanted to keep children away from schools.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5596
How to cite this:Musharraf M, Baig LA, Baig ZA. Army Public School Terrorist Attack - Perceptions and Experiences of school children of Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5596
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: Focal leptomeningeal disease, atypical cancer of unknown primary site in Peru
Authors: Vences Miguel A. , Araujo-Chumacero Mary M. , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Barreto Leila , Rodríguez-Kadota Liliana , Barreto-Acevedo Elliot , Saavedra-Rocha César , Quispe-Huamaní Elder V. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis is an infrequent form of cancer expression, and it has a poor prognosis due to its torpid evolution and its challenging diagnosis. Case report: We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with rapidly progressing cognitive decline and focal epilepsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive gyriform hypersignal in the right precentral sulcus region, without mass effect, tenuous contrast uptake, and hydrocephalus with transependymal edema. The body tomographic study was negative for solid cancer and the 18F-FDG PET-CT revealed a severe hypermetabolism in the right lung upper lobe. These findings were suggestive of lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis. We performed a brain biopsy, finding atypical cells in the leptomeningeal region with positive immunohistochemical staining for CK7 and negative for CK20 corresponding to lung adenocarcinoma. The patient was evaluated in the oncology service and scheduled for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusions: Focal leptomeningeal disease is an entity that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all cases of focal leptomeningitis. Timely diagnosis and adequate cancer management can increase patient survival.
LINGUO-CULTURAL SPECIFICITY OF PROVERBS AS AN INDIRECT SPEECH ACT IN THE COMMUNICATIVE EPISODE OF A LITERARY TEXT
Authors: Abakumova Ol'ga , Il'minskaya V. 
Published: August 2022

The paper focuses on the actual problems of the functioning of proverbs in communicative episodes based on a literary text and their role in the semantic micro- and macrostructure. The analysis was performed using a cognitive-communicative model of describing the meaning of a proverb in discourse.
Aim. Consideration of the possibilities of modeling the realization of the meaning of proverbs about learning in communicative episodes based on the material of English and Russian literary texts and identification of the features of their functioning in this type of discourse, taking into account their linguistic and cultural affiliation.
Methodology and research methods. The following methods were used to analyze proverbs in a literary text: linguistic and philological analysis of communicative episodes (based on a literary text), dictionary definitions analysis, linguo-cultural method, the method of cognitive-discursive modeling.
Results. The functioning of proverbs in artistic discourse, as well as certain cultural differences in the attitude of representatives of two comparable linguistic cultures (Russian and English) to learning, taking into account the age of the trainees, are revealed.
Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is that trends in the functioning of proverbs about learning have been identified, taking into account their linguistic and cultural affiliation, and the results obtained can be used in further study of their role in the communicative act.
Practical significance. The practical significance of the research is that the results obtained can be used for deeper integration into intercultural communication and linguistic and cultural aspects of translation.
PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE TRAINING OF MILITARY TRANSLATORS: COMMUNICATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kostikova L. , Chernyavskaya E. , Shevchenko B. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Communicative technologies are one of the most effective pedagogical technologies in the professional language training of military translators. Determining the attitude of students to the use of communicative technologies in the educational process will contribute to improving the quality of their training.
The aim of the study is to identify the attitude of future military translators to the use of communicative technologies in their professional language training.
Methods and materials. This study is based on an integrative methodological approach, which allows combining various educational disciplines, technologies and techniques into a single educational process. The analysis of pedagogical technologies is carried out on the basis of a communicative methodological approach that determines the principles of interaction between participants in the educational process. In classes on foreign language and military translation, the training of military translators uses various communication technologies that contribute to the formation of professional and military-special language competencies of future military translators, such as, for example, case analysis, role-playing, design technologies, etc.
Results of the study. A study was conducted identifying the opinion of cadets on the advisability of preparing for the use of attack and self-defense strategies in the negotiation process. The questionnaire was attended by 96 cadets of 3 and 4 years of training at the Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School. 93 students (88.3 per cent) noted the importance of using communicative technologies in the training of military translators. 94 (97.9 per cent) of the cadets perform case analysis with interest, 82 (85.4 per cent) of the cadets are interested in the role-playing game and 76 (79.1 per cent) of the cadets are interested in project activities. The communication technologies used in military translation sessions undoubtedly contribute to improving the level of professional language training of military interpreters.
Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to further develop the issues of professional language training of cadets of military universities with a focus on the individualization of the educational process and on the technology of personalized training.
The Dual Challenge of Search and Coordination for Organizational Adaptation: How Structures of Influence Matter
Authors: Koçak Özgecan , Levinthal Daniel A. , Puranam Phanish 
Published: August 2022

Organizations increasingly need to adapt to challenges in which search and coordination cannot be decoupled. In response, many have experimented with “agile” and “flat” designs that dismantle traditional forms of hierarchy to harness the distributed knowledge of specialized individuals. Despite the popularity of such practices, there is considerable variation in their implementation as well as conceptual ambiguity about the underlying premise. Does effective rapid experimentation necessarily imply the repudiation of hierarchical structures of influence? We use computational models of multiagent reinforcement learning to study the effectiveness of coordinated search in groups that vary in how they influence each other’s beliefs. We compare the behavior of flat and hierarchical teams with a baseline structure without any influence on beliefs (a “crowd”) when all three are placed in the same task environments. We find that influence on beliefs—whether it is hierarchical or not—makes it less likely that agents stabilize prematurely around their own experiences. However, flat teams can engage in excessive exploration, finding it difficult to converge on good alternatives, whereas hierarchical influence on beliefs reduces simultaneous uncoordinated exploration, introducing a degree of rapid exploitation. As a result, teams that need to achieve agility (i.e., rapid satisfactory results) in environments that require coordinated search may benefit from a hierarchical structure of influence—even when the apex actor has no superior knowledge, foresight, or capacity to control subordinates’ actions.Funding: Puranam thanks the Desmairis Fund at INSEAD for supporting the Organizations and Algorithms project.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1601 .
O itinerário do narrador em Os velhos marinheiros ou o capitão-de-longo-curso de Jorge Amado
Authors: Dias Denise 
Published: August 2022

Resumo: O presente artigo propõe-se a analisar o romance de Jorge Amado, Os velhos marinheiros ou o capitão-de-longo-curso, de 1961, tomando como eixo condutor o diálogo que o mesmo estabelece com a tradição literária picaresca. Objetiva-se situar a obra amadiana no prolongamento da tradição picaresca, identificando as características que ela incorpora do gênero e a maneira como ela as transforma, contribuindo para o surgimento do romance neopicaresco no Brasil, focando o narrador-personagem. Revisita-se o surgimento do gênero picaresco na literatura espanhola e sua sobrevivência na literatura ocidental, com a finalidade de examinar sua adaptação a um outro contexto, o do cenário baiano do Brasil do século XX, com suas especificidades sociais, históricas e culturais. Apoia-se, no conceito de González, com a finalidade de precisar a contribuição específica do romance de Jorge Amado à literatura pícara moderna. Palavras-chave: Jorge Amado. Romance neopicaresco. Narrador.
Ancestralidade em Pastores da Noite de Jorge Amado
Authors: Leonardeli Poliana Bernabé , Fleischmann Fransueiny , José de Oliveira Jurema 
Published: August 2022

A proposta do artigo é abordar em Pastores da Noite de Jorge Amado a presença da ancestralidade como recurso que movimenta o enredo, tanto no que se refere à linguagem como a outros elementos subjacentes da narrativa. A produção de Jorge Amado no geral é explorada pela crítica a partir de fundamentos eurocêntricos, tais apostas de estudo, todavia, incorreram em inúmeros erros de pesquisa ao longo das últimas décadas, os quais acabaram por posicionar indevidamente a literatura amadiana nos espaços acadêmicos. Nesta análise a pretensão é lançar outros olhares teóricos à obra do autor, relacionando-a aos fundamentos da filosofia africana de raízes ancestrais. As principais referências bibliográficas que embasam a proposta deste trabalho são Amadou Hampatê Bâ (2021), Fábio Leite (2008), Eduardo Oliveira (2017) e Jurema José Oliveira (2018)
Representações da pluralidade cultural na luta para a inclusão e contra o racismo. O sonho intercultural na vida e na obra de Jorge Amado
Authors: Roscilli Antonella Rita 
Published: August 2022

Nosso trabalho tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a noção de Pluralidade Cultural na obra de Jorge Amado. Por isso busca problematizar as relações entre o conceito de Alteridade, Racismo e o pensamento do escritor brasileiro Jorge Amado (1912-2001) que fez da literatura uma ferramenta para lutar contra os preconceitos raciais. Analisando alguns momentos importantes da sua biografia e alguns elementos de mediação simbólica, presentes em obras literárias como "Capitães da Areia", "Gato Malhado e Andorinha Sinhá" (1948), "Dona Flor e seus dois maridos" (1966) e "Tenda dos Milagres" (1969), mostramos a modernidade e atualidade do pensamento de Jorge Amado também em relação ao conceito de Intercultura. O trabalho aqui proposto é parte integrante das pesquisas que viemos desenvolvendo desde 2010 e que começamos a apresentar no Curso Jorge Amado 2012 - II Colóquio de Literatura Brasileira, na Academia de Letras da Bahia-ALB. (Brasil).
Thinness negatively affects lung function among Sri Lankan children
Authors: Senevirathna Niroshani , Amarasiri Lakmali , Jayamanne Deepal , Manel Kanthi , Liyanage Guwani 
Published: August 2022

Background
There have been conflicting findings on the effect of body mass index (BMI) on lung functions in children. Therefore, we studied the relationship between spirometry parameters and BMI among healthy Sri Lankan school children aged 5–7 years.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 296 school children (5–7-year-old) without apparent lung disease. Recruitment was done with stratified random sampling. Spirometry parameters, FEV1, FVC, PEFR, and FEV1/FVC ratio were determined. The acceptable and reproducible spirometry recordings were included in the analysis. Simple and multivariate linear regression analysis examined possible associations of lung function parameters with BMI, socio‐demographic variables and indoor risk factors. Also, the mediator effect of gender on lung function through BMI was explored.

Results
The participants’ mean age (SD) was 6.4 (0.65) years. One-third were thin/severely thin (37%). A statistically significant difference in FVC (p = 0.001) and FEV1 (p = 0.001) was observed between BMI groups (obesity/overweight, normal, and thinness). Yet, PEFR or FEV1/FVC did not significantly differ among BMI groups (p = 0.23 and p = 0.84). Multivariate regression analysis showed that FEV1 and FVC were significantly associated with BMI, child’s age, gender, family income, father’s education, having a pet, and exposure to mosquito coil smoke. Interaction between gender and BMI for lung functions was not significant. The thin children had significantly lower FVC (OR: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.077, -0.012, p = 0.008) and FEV1 (OR: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.075, -0.014, p = 0.004) than normal/overweight/obese children. Family income demonstrated the greatest effect on lung functions; FVC and FEV1 were 0.25L and 0.23L smaller in low-income than the high-income families.

Conclusion
Lower lung function parameters (FVC and FEV1) are associated with thinness than normal/overweight/obese dimensions among children without apparent lung disease. It informs that appropriate nutritional intervention may play a role in improving respiratory health.
USE OF CALCINATION RESIDUE FROM RICE HUSK AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CEMENT
Authors: Briki Lyamine , Bouacida Loucif Ali , Lahbari Noureddine 
Published: August 2022

In this study, we have developed a new cement composed by a partial substitution of the clinker with artificial pozzolans rich in silica, obtained by treatment of lignocellulosic residues, in this case, ash from rice husk. This substitution is added to the clinker with percentages ranging from 25 to 75%. These substitutions were chosen on the basis of the presence of silica which can react with portlandite (Ca(OH)2).
The results obtained show that these materials have, after activation, a great pozzolanicity that allows their addition to the Portland clinker with a percentage of up to 25% of the mass of the clinker.
The improvement of this reactivity is achieved by calcinating these additions at temperatures of 750°C. This significantly reduces the CO2 emissions that accompany the production of Portland cement clinker.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL IMAGE OF HRADČANY AND PRAGUE CASTLE
Authors: Šnorbert Martin 
Published: August 2022

This contribution deals with the urban development of the Hradčany area, within its position in the capital city, but especially within the area itself. Great emphasis is placed on historical development, as it significantly affects the current situation. Prague Castle, perceived as a historical and architectural complex, is unique in its complexity and size, we will not find a similar example in any of the surrounding countries.
Prague Castle, as an important part of Hradčany, was and still is the seat of the monarch, or today the president of the Czech Republic. The development of Czech history influenced the appearance of the Castle (alternation of royal families, growth and decline in the importance of Prague, ie the Czech kingdom in Central Europe). The combination of secular and ecclesiastical power in one place is also remarkable. At the same time, it is possible to find evidence of development in the field of culture, technical conveniences, architectural and engineering arts, over the course of ten centuries.
Based on archival research and the study of references, the reader is acquainted with the gradual change in the formation of the current plan of the city and the Castle. The connection between morphological assumptions and the location of first a Slavic fort, later a stone castle, is pointed out. The castle area was followed by a settlement in the sub-castle, which in the 14th century became a serf town of Hradčany. The alternation of artistic styles over the centuries and the related change in the structure and scale of buildings, but especially the panorama of Hradčany with the silhouette of the Castle, is discussed. In the end, the potential of the Hradčany area and the possibility of modernization interventions are also evaluated.
Condiciones de alojamiento de los terneros en crianzas artificiales de tambo y su relación con el estrés por frío
Authors: Demateis-Llera Federico , Martínez Gabriela M. , Otero Alicia , López-Seco Emilia , Suárez Víctor H. 
Published: August 2022

El estrés por frío en los terneros puede ser muy perjudicial para su salud y rendimiento futuro. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de las condiciones de manejo de la crianza artificial y su relación con estrés por frío en terneros de tambo. Se evaluaron 160 terneros durante las primeras horas de la mañana, y se registró si los animales poseían capa o no y si disponían o no de cama. Se observó si contaban con reparo para limitantes climáticas. También se registró la temperatura rectal y si temblaban ono. Se consideró que terneros con temperatura rectal igual o inferior a 37,2 °C se encontraban en estrés por frio. El análisis estadístico de los datos se hizo mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Chi cuadrado y se calculó la probabilidad de ocurrencia mediante Odds Ratio. Encontrándose que los terneros en condiciones de estrés presentaron 4,93 veces mayor probabilidad de temblar; que disponer de cama fue favorable para prevenir el estrés (0,027), que las capas plásticas incrementaron la probabilidad de sufrir de estrés (0,006) y que proveer reparo a los animales tiene un efecto positivo en la prevención del estrés por frío (p = 0,027) en los terneros de tambo.
Etado actual de la formación inicial docente en educación primaria: Un acercamiento al caso mexicano
Authors: Cuevas-Cajiga Yazmín , Moreno-Olivos Tiburcio 
Published: August 2022

En México, la formación inicial docente es una preocupación de diferentes sectores de la sociedad y un asunto central de las políticas educativas; sin embargo, el debate se ha concentrado en la vigencia de las escuelas normales (principales responsables de esta preparación), así como en la reforma de sus planes y programas de estudio. Ante este panorama, surgió el interés por desarrollar una investigación documental con el propósito de comprender el estado actual de la formación inicial docente en educación primaria de este país a través de la revisión de la literatura internacional y nacional. Los resultados se organizaron en cinco dimensiones analíticas: profesional, política educativa, institución y tradiciones formativas, curricular y sujetos. Con la discusión de estas se constata que, el diseño de políticas educativas y modificaciones curriculares de formación inicial docente para la educación primaria mexicana requiere de diagnósticos y discusiones en torno al estatus de la profesión de maestro, el tipo de instituciones que la ofrecen y las tradiciones pedagógicas que prevalecen, las recomendaciones internacionales que imperan, el cuerpo de profesores responsables de la formación y los estudiantes que eligen la docencia como camino profesional, entre otras, con el objetivo de elaborar acciones fundamentadas en todos los componentes y sujetos que la circundan.
Cumulative Entropy and Income Analysis
Authors: Nair N. Unnikrishnan , Vineshkumar B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present work, we investigate the applications of cumulative entropy as a tool in income analysis.
The relationships the cumulative entropy has with income gap ratio, Lorenz curve, Gini index, Bonferroni curve and Zenga curve are provided.
Applications of the results to real data are illustrated.
Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) systems challenges and applications: a comprehensive review
Authors: Choudhary Abhilasha , Agrawal Navneet Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Satellite communication, in over half a century have attained remarkable breakthrough in high speed transmission. These innovations, on the other hand, have come in tandem with significant performance improvements in other IT and telecommunications systems. As a result, these significant benefits are not as visible to the broader public as they would be as if this burst of performance had occurred in isolation. In nutshell, space satellite communication using optical technology provide powerful alternative to radio frequency (RF) and make communication reliable and cost effective. Satellite communications systems allow a whole new race of civilian and defence operations in surveillance, telecommunications, object tracking and space exploration. Since independent satellites are restricted by volume, space and strength, small satellites production in bulk clusters may be effective for a range of wildfire monitoring, science missions, mapping in gravity and water management exploration, among others. The development of communications satellites would provide for a more comprehensive understanding of the near-earth environment as well as a more efficient and cost-effective way of reaching space, thanks to the utilisation of multi-satellite systems. As a result, when satellites are designing, IsOWC is an utmost point to be considered. The numerous researches being performed in the satellite communications for introducing multi communications based on different orbits are described in this study. IsOWC systems over radio frequency based communication are preferred due to large bandwidth, high speed, absence of electromagnetic interference (EMI), lower transmission losses and improved security. We also present a detailed listing of challenges in Is-OWC such as Doppler shift, point ahead angle, satellite vibration and tracking, acquisition tracking and pointing (ATP) and background noise sources.