bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dialysate sodium management in hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration: The single‐pool kinetic model revisited
Authors: Petitclerc Thierry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the optimal dialysate sodium remains one of the challenges of hemodialysis prescription. Several arguments suggest that the dialysate sodium should be individually adjusted according to the patient's natremia. This strategy is greatly facilitated by using an algorithm. Only three such algorithms have been embedded in hemodialysis machines for the widespread generalization of this strategy in clinical routine: the Diacontrol (Hospal‐Baxter Healthcare Corp., Deerfield, IL, USA), the HFR‐Aequilibrium (Bellco‐Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland), and the Na‐control (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad‐Homburg, Germany).MethodsModel the solute mass‐transfer across the dialyzer membrane in online hemodiafiltration and adapt the Diacontrol algorithm based on a single‐pool kinetic model of sodium balance for quantifying ionic balance and managing tonicity.Results(1) Substituting sodium measurements with conductivity measurements allows the control of tonicity which is a more physiological parameter than natremia. (2) Consideration of all ion exchanges as a whole and not just sodium exchange avoids some of the assumptions required by kinetic modeling of sodium balance. (3) Equations provided by the model are applicable to both hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration. (4) The differences between this model used by Diacontrol and the models on which the other two software's (HFR‐Aequilibrium and Na‐control) are based are highlighted.ConclusionsThe single‐pool kinetic model developed for the management of natremia in hemodialysis is also valid for the management of tonicity for both conventional hemodialysis and all online hemodiafiltration procedures.
Replication of the abnormal niacin response in first episode psychosis measured using laser Doppler flowmeter
Authors: Gan RanPiao , Zhao YuanQiao , Wu GuiSen , Zeng JiaHui , Hu YeGang , Xu LiHua , Wei YanYan , Tang XiaoChen , Liu XiaoHua , Liu HaiChun , Chen Tao , Wang JiJun , Zhang TianHong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionImpaired sensitivity of the skin flush response to niacin is found in approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Although the niacin response abnormality (NRA) may serve as a useful endophenotype for schizophrenia, few studies have directly replicated NRA in patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsIn total, 204 patients with FEP, 16 with psychotic mood disorder (PMD), and 68 healthy controls (HC) were included. The log10(EC50) values represent the concentration of methyl nicotinate required to elicit a half‐maximal blood flow (MBF) response, and the MBF value was calculated. The NRA was defined as having log10(EC50) molar value above the 90% and an MBF value below the 60% of those in the HC group.ResultsIn total, 13.7% of the FEP, 12.5% of the PMD, and 7.4% of the HC group met the definition of NRA. Significant differences were found in the log10(EC50) values between the FEP and HC groups (p = .014) and in the MBF between the FEP and PMD groups (p = .011). Patients with FEP and NRA had more severe negative symptoms than those with a normal niacin response.DiscussionThese data represent the NRA in patients with FEP, defining a small subgroup of patients with early‐phase psychosis possessing a clinically significant phospholipid‐signaling defect.
How would final‐year medical students perform if their skill‐based prescription assessment was real life?
Authors: Kalfsvel Laura , Hoek Kirsten , Bethlehem Corine , van der Kuy Hugo , van den Broek Walter W. , Versmissen Jorie , van Rosse Floor 
Published: June 2022

AimsPrescribing errors occur frequently, especially among junior doctors. Our aim was to investigate prescribing errors made by final‐year medical students. Information on these errors can help to improve education on and assessment of clinical pharmacotherapy (CPT).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study amongst final‐year medical students at Erasmus Medical Centre, The Netherlands. Errors made in the final prescribing assessment were analysed. Errors were categorized by type, possible consequence and possibility of reaching the patient in real life.ResultsA total of 381 students wrote 1502 analysable prescriptions. Forty per cent of these contained at least one error, and 54% of errors were of the inadequate information type. The rating of prescriptions for children was lower than for other question categories (P = <.001). Fifty per cent of errors were classified as “would have reached the patient but would not have had the potential to cause harm”. In total, 253 (29%) errors would not have been intercepted by an electronic prescribing system or a pharmacist. Ten (4%) of these would probably have caused harm in the patient.ConclusionsThere is a high rate of errors in prescriptions written by final‐year medical students. Most errors were of the inadequate information type, indicating that students had difficulties determining the content and amount of information needed to make treatment successful. Prescriptions for children contained most errors. Curricula could be improved by offering more case‐based CPT education, focusing on the practical issues of prescribing, especially for paediatric cases, and offering more practice time for prescribing during clerkships.
The role of doulas in respectful care for communities of color and Medicaid recipients
Authors: Mallick Lindsay M. , Thoma Marie E. , Shenassa Edmond D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the tenets of rights‐based, person‐centered maternity care, racialized groups, low‐income people, and people who receive Medicaid insurance in the United States experience mistreatment, discrimination, and disrespectful care more often than people with higher income or who identify as white. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the presence of a doula (a person who provides continuous support during childbirth) and respectful care during birth, especially for groups made vulnerable by systemic inequality.MethodsWe used data from 1977 women interviewed in the Listening to Mothers in California survey (2018). Respondents who reported high levels of decision making, support, and communication during childbirth were classified as having “high” respectful care. To examine associations between respectful care and self‐reported doula support, we conducted multivariable logistic regressions. Interactions by race/ethnicity and private or Medi‐Cal (Medicaid) insurance status were assessed.ResultsOverall, we found higher odds of respectful care among women supported by a doula than those without such support (odds ratios [OR]: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.8). By race/ethnicity, the association was largest for non‐Hispanic Black women (2.7 [1.1–6.7]) and Asian/Pacific Islander women (2.3 [0.9–5.6]). Doula support predicts higher odds of respectful care among women with Medi‐Cal (1.8 [1.3–2.5]), but not private insurance.ConclusionsDoula support was associated with high respectful care, particularly for low‐income and certain racial/ethnic groups in California. Policies supporting the expansion of doulas for low‐income and marginalized groups are consistent with the right to respectful care and may address disparities in maternal experiences.
Licensing cost‐reducing innovations under supply function competition
Authors: Saglam Ismail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the licensing of cost‐reducing innovations in a duopoly under supply function competition. We show that the innovator prefers fixed‐fee licensing to no licensing if its cost advantage is not extremely large. Moreover, if its cost advantage is not extremely small, the innovator prefers fixed‐fee licensing and mixed licensing to revenue‐royalty licensing. This second result arises only because of our assumption that the cost functions are quadratic. We show that if the cost functions are linear and royalty payments are per unit of output, the innovator strictly prefers royalty licensing to fixed‐fee licensing. We also show that in our model, consumer surplus is remarkably higher under any type of licensing than under no licensing. However, revenue‐royalty licensing is slightly superior for consumers to the other two types of licensing and only so if the cost advantage of the innovator is sufficiently large.
Optimal taxation in a free‐entry Cournot oligopoly: The average cost function approach
Authors: Hamada Kojun , Ohkawa Takao , Okamura Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines the optimal taxation in a free‐entry Cournot oligopoly using the average cost function and aggregative games approach when either a specific tax, an ad valorem tax, or both, is imposed. When either a specific or an ad valorem tax is imposed, we obtain the following results. First, the business‐stealing (business‐augmenting) effect in the free‐entry equilibrium makes the optimal tax rate positive (negative). Second, social welfare under the optimal specific tax is lower than that under the optimal ad valorem tax. Third, when both taxes are imposed, marginally increasing a positive ad valorem tax (negative specific tax) improves social welfare when the optimal specific (ad valorem) tax is initially imposed. Finally, the optimal combination of a specific subsidy and ad valorem tax depends on the shape of the average cost function.
Policy resistance to paradigm shifts: Inclusive growth and innovation in Canada
Authors: Jansen Alix J. , Robbins Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe assess Canada's labour market policy mix in order to determine whether the inclusive growth and innovation agenda indicates that technological change has triggered a policy paradigm shift. Our analysis of four policy areas concerning labour market access indicates no paradigm shift has occurred. Instead, the agenda is an example of policy resistance: first‐ and second‐order policy changes (changes to policy settings) maintain the status quo of labour market arrangements. The result is a revised set of supply‐side policies unlikely to reorganize the labour market. Technological disruption and the COVID‐19 pandemic offer opportunities to reorganize Canada's labour market policies' current policy mix, but, even under the banner of inclusive innovation, this shift is unlikely to happen.
Canadian graduate programs in public administration: The state of the field
Authors: Roberge Ian , Oduro Judy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGraduate public administration programs at Canadian universities have seen significant growth and change over the last fifteen years. This research note assesses current programming and considers recent developments. We argue that Canadian public administration programs exhibit diversity and that they are responsive to key trends and forces shaping society. To support these claims, we compare program curriculums and highlight distinguishing features. We suggest in closing, though, that further adjustments are required for programs to take advantage of arising opportunities and to remain resilient in the face of new challenges.
Long‐term results of mesh pelvic floor reconstruction to address the empty pelvis syndrome
Authors: Khaw Chern Wern , Ebrahimi Nargus , Lee Peter , McCarthy Alexander S. E. , Solomon Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimAs the “empty pelvis syndrome” continues to pose challenges in patients undergoing radical pelvic exenteration, there remains an ongoing need to consider solutions to mitigate or avoid its associated morbidity. As such, this study aims to review the long‐term outcomes of a proposed strategy of pelvic reconstruction with BioA mesh.MethodWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study, reviewing cases of pelvic exenteration and/or pelvic bone resection involving BioA mesh pelvic reconstruction between 2017 and 2021 at our quaternary institution, identified from a prospectively collected database. The primary outcome was pelvic complications including perineal fistula, wound breakdown and pelvic collections.ResultsOver a 4‐year period, there were a total of 36 patients who had pelvic exenteration and/or pelvic bone resection with BioA mesh pelvic reconstruction. The overall pelvic complication rate was 36% (n = 13), including 11 symptomatic pelvic collections, two enteroperineal fistulas, and no cases of perineal hernia. Reoperation was required in two patients. There was no perioperative mortality.ConclusionGiven that pelvic complications post BioA mesh reconstruction are of an acceptable rate and can be considered minor, using this technique is a safe and practical strategy in patients undergoing major pelvic surgery with or without pelvic bone resection.
Deep grace in deep space? How to become an astrotheologian
Authors: Peters Ted 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIf God's grace is already present to outer space, then Christian doctrines such as creation and redemption become as public as outer space is public. The public Christian theologian should engage in astrotheology as well as astroethics. This article tenders seven steps toward becoming an astrotheologian and astroethicist. (1) Become sensitive to the Beyond and the Intimate when talking about the true God. (2) Think cosmically. (3) Do not be bullied by the Cosmological Principle or the Copernican Principle. (4) Explore deep incarnation in deep space. (5) Add eschatology to deep incarnation. (6) By using a Theology of Culture, demarcate science, scientism, and pseudoscience. (7) Celebrate the 60th Anniversary of Astroethics. These steps presuppose a comprehensive hypothesis: the historical incarnation of the divine Logos in Jesus of Nazareth on Earth is constituted by the exchange of divine and creaturely attributes, the communicatio idiomatum; and, when communicatio idiomatum is combined with an eschatological vision of God's promised new creation, we can accompany the entire material history of all galaxies and all extraterrestrial creatures into the eternal perichoresis of God as Trinity.
Detecting and interpreting higher‐order interactions in ecological communities
Authors: Kleinhesselink Andrew R. , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Pacala Stephen W. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen species simultaneously compete with two or more species of competitor, higher‐order interactions (HOIs) can lead to emergent properties not present when species interact in isolated pairs. To extend ecological theory to multi‐competitor communities, ecologists must confront the challenges of measuring and interpreting HOIs in models of competition fit to data from nature. Such efforts are hindered by the fact that different studies use different definitions, and these definitions have unclear relationships to one another. Here, we propose a distinction between ‘soft’ HOIs, which identify possible interaction modification by competitors, and ‘hard’ HOIs, which identify interactions uniquely emerging in systems with three or more competitors. We show how these two classes of HOI differ in their motivation and interpretation, as well as the tests one uses to identify them in models fit to data. We then show how to operationalise this structure of definitions by analysing the results of a simulated competition experiment underlain by a consumer resource model. In the course of doing so, we clarify the challenges of interpreting HOIs in nature, and suggest a more precise framing of this research endeavour to catalyse further investigations.
Prognostic value of glycemic gap in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Chuanying , Wang Wenjuan , Li Guangshuo , Wang Anxin , Zhang Xiaoli , Xiong Yunyun , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeGlycemic gap (GG), as a novel biomarker showing the acute glycemic change after the onset of acute illness, has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes in many diseases. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of GG on long‐term outcomes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).MethodsThe current study included 528 patients from a multicenter, prospective, consecutive, observational cohort study. Poor clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale ≥ 3. GG was calculated using admission blood glucose minus hemoglobin A1c‐derived average blood glucose. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between GG and poor clinical outcomes at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year.ResultsGlycemic gap was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year (p < 0.05 for all models), where patients with higher GG were more likely to have poor clinical outcome. Restricted cubic splines revealed a positive association between GG and poor clinical outcome. In addition, patients with higher GG were more likely to have a higher 1‐year mortality rate. The addition of GG to the intracerebral hemorrhage score improved the discrimination and calibration properties for the prediction of poor clinical outcome.ConclusionsGlycemic gap was independently associated with poor outcomes and may be a valuable prognostic factor in patients with sICH.
Railway wheelset fatigue life estimation based on field tests
Authors: Maglio Michele , Kabo Elena , Ekberg Anders 
Published: June 2022

AbstractField tests using an instrumented powered wheelset were performed to investigate fatigue damage accumulation in railway axles. Axle bending strains were measured and post‐processed to obtain axle stress spectra. Statistical analyses were used to investigate the variations of axle stress spectra due to changes in railway operation parameters. The study indicates that measured axle stress spectra can be modeled using truncated normal distributions, where the large majority of measured stress amplitudes are lower than 50 MPa. Stress cycles at higher amplitudes are affected by operation parameters such as track design, number of switches and crossings, and whether the wheelset is in a leading or trailing position. Variations in the obtained statistical distributions of axle stresses have been used as input for fatigue life analyses. It was concluded that fatigue damage can potentially initiate on axles suffering from corrosion or small surface cracks/scratches.
Effects of pairing on color change and central gene expression in lined seahorses
Authors: Mederos Sabrina L. , Duarte Rafael C. , Mastoras Mira , Dennis Megan Y. , Settles Matthew L. , Lau Allison R. , Scott Alexandria , Woodward Kacie , Johnson Colby , Seelke Adele M. H. , Bales Karen L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial monogamy is a reproductive strategy characterized by pair living and defense of a common territory. Pair bonding, sometimes displayed by monogamous species, is an affective construct that includes preference for a specific partner, distress upon separation, and the ability of the partner to buffer against stress. Many seahorse species show a monogamous social structure in the wild, but their pair bond has not been well studied. We examined the gene expression of lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) during and after the process of pairing in the laboratory as well as color change (luminance), a potential form of social communication and behavioral synchrony between pair mates. When a seahorse of either sex was interacting with its pair mate, their changes in luminance (“brightness”) were correlated and larger than when interacting with an opposite‐sex stranger. At the conclusion of testing, subjects were euthanized, RNA was extracted from whole brains and analyzed via RNA sequencing. Changes in gene expression in paired males versus those that were unpaired included processes governing metabolic activity, hormones and cilia. Perhaps most interesting is the overlap in gene expression change induced by pairing in both male seahorses and male prairie voles, including components of hormone systems regulating reproduction. Because of our limited sample size, we consider our results and interpretations to be preliminary, and prompts for further exploration. Future studies will expand upon these findings and investigate the neuroendocrine and genetic basis of these behaviors.
Tree growth is connected with distribution and warming‐induced degradation of permafrost in southern Siberia
Authors: Peng Ruonan , Liu Hongyan , Anenkhonov Oleg A. , Sandanov Denis V. , Korolyuk Andrey Yu. , Shi Liang , Xu Chongyang , Dai Jingyu , Wang Lu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHemiboreal and boreal forests growing at the southern margin of the permafrost distribution are vulnerable to climate warming. However, how climate warming threatens the growth of dominant tree species that are distributed on permafrost remains to be determined, particularly in synchrony with warming‐induced permafrost degradation. Tree growth in the permafrost region of southern Siberia was hypothesized to be highly sensitive to temperature increasing and warming‐induced permafrost degradation. To test this hypothesis, we sampled the tree ring width of 535 trees of dominant species, larch (including Larix gmelinii and L. sibirica) and white birch (Betula platyphylla), in ten hemiboreal to boreal forest plots within different permafrost zones. The relationships between the tree ring basal area index (BAI) and temperature, precipitation, and the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) were compared among plots located in two permafrost zones. In the isolated permafrost zone, white birch grows better than larch and is not drought‐stressed (p < .05). We suggest that the deep‐rooted white birch benefits from the water from thawing permafrost, while the growth of the shallow‐rooted larch is stressed by drought. In the sporadic discontinuous permafrost zone, both white birch and larch benefited from permafrost melting, but the sensitivity of larch growth to PDSI is still significant (p < .05), indicating drought is still an important climatic factor limiting the growth of larch. Our results imply that the permafrost degradation caused by climate warming affects tree growth by creating the root layer additional water source. In the future, it is necessary to focus on monitoring permafrost degradation to better predict forest dynamics at the southern margin of the permafrost distribution.
Observation‐based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models
Authors: He Yue , Ding Jinzhi , Dorji Tsechoe , Wang Tao , Li Juan , Smith Pete 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) refers to the flux of CO2 released from soil to atmosphere as a result of organic matter decomposition by soil microbes and fauna. As one of the major fluxes in the global carbon cycle, large uncertainties still exist in the estimation of global Rh, which further limits our current understanding of carbon accumulation in soils. Here, we applied a Random Forest algorithm to create a global data set of soil Rh, by linking 761 field observations with both abiotic and biotic predictors. We estimated that global Rh was 48.8 ± 0.9 Pg C year−1 for 1982–2018, which was 16% less than the ensemble mean (58.6 ± 9.9 Pg C year−1) of 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. By integrating our observational Rh with independent soil carbon stock data sets, we obtained a global mean soil carbon turnover time of 38.3 ± 11 year. Using observation‐based turnover times as a constraint, we found that terrestrial ecosystem models simulated faster carbon turnovers, leading to a 30% (74 Pg C) underestimation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon accumulation for the past century, which was especially pronounced at high latitudes. This underestimation is equivalent to 45% of the total carbon emissions (164 Pg C) caused by global land‐use change at the same time. Our analyses highlight the need to constrain ecosystem models using observation‐based and locally adapted Rh values to obtain reliable projections of the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems.