bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Plymouth Company and Massachusetts Bay Company (1622–1639): Establishing Theocratic Corporate Governance
Authors: Smith Haig Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the development of a different form of corporate religious governance in the Atlantic in the years after the Jamestown massacre. It focuses on the denominational identity of its members and how this influenced the direction and formation of a theocratic model of governance that the company would adopt. This chapter illustrates how the leaders of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay companies, such as William Bradford, John Endicott and John Winthrop, established authoritarian governments by manipulating charter privileges, forming a theocratic model of governance in New England. It examines how the leaders and members of the Plymouth Company and Massachusetts Bay Company, as corporate bodies, established and nurtured a distinct form of governmental identity. By tracing the development of the Massachusetts Bay Company’s congregational theocratic governance through works such as Bradford’s Of Plimoth Plantation, the Winthrop Papers, as well as the Records of the Town of Plymouth and the Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay New England, it shows how the joint stock corporation offered its members the legal and structural framework that would dogmatically police the religious behaviour of its members to secure and establish a godly republic.
Management Response to Online Review: The Case of Hong Kong Luxury Hotels
Authors: Tam Suki Siuki , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang , Law Rob 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is regarded as crucial in business development. Given the intangible nature of tourism and hospitality products, potential customers find it hard to assess them before making purchase. Accordingly, online customer reviews and management responses have influential roles in their decision-making process. While a plethora of previous research focused on customer reviews, scholarly attention on how luxury hotels respond to the reviews was scant. Using content analysis, this study examines the management response characteristics of 35 luxury hotels and response style of 7 luxury chain hotels in Hong Kong. Their response characteristics including response frequency, responder’s job position, and timeliness of response were generally similar. The response style and tone (professional and conversational tones) vary with hotels even they are in the same hotel group. Implications on practice of management responses are offered for luxury hotel operators.
Do DMOs Promote the Right Aspects of the Destination? A Study of Instagram Photography with a Visual Classifier
Authors: Nixon Lyndon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs global travel emerges from the pandemic, pent up interest in travel will lead to consumers making their choice between global destinations. Instagram is a key source of destination inspiration. DMO marketing success on this channel relies on projecting a destination image that resonates with this target group. However, usual text-based marketing intelligence on this channel does not work as content is consumed first and foremost as a visual projection. The author has built a deep learning based visual classifier for destination image measurement from photos. In this paper, we compare projected and perceived destination images in Instagram photography for four of the most Instagrammed destinations worldwide. We find that whereas the projected destination image aligns well to the perceived image, there are specific aspects of the destinations that are of more interest to Instagrammers than reflected in the current destination marketing.
Travel Incheon as a Metaverse: Smart Tourism Cities Development Case in Korea
Authors: Um Taehyee , Kim Hyunkyu , Kim Hyunji , Lee Jungho , Koo Chulmo , Chung Namho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe central government and local governments of the South Korea execute a project to build smart tourism city for tourism and urban development. However, little study has shed light on the details of smart tourism city project. To approach the concept of smart tourism city and understand the phenomenon of smart tourism city construction, this study conducts a case study. Incheon is the first city in which implementing the smart tourism city creation project. We apply the metaverse concept to check how Incheon implements a smart tourism city. Specifically, the metaverse concept applied tourism service operated by Incheon is divided into real based and virtual based (AR Incheon and Incheoncraft). Along with an introduction to the case, how the concept of metaverse supports the creation of a smart tourism city is discussed. This is an early-stage study that explores the phenomenon by considering the relationship between the smart tourism and metaverse.
Communicating to Tourists During and Post-Covid-19: What Do They Want (Need) to Hear?
Authors: Zizka Laura , Chen Meng-Mei , Zhang Effie , Favre Amandine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSwiss tourism relies heavily on international clientele to book rooms and purchase goods and services. However, from March to June 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, travel and subsequent bookings slowed and, in some cases, stopped altogether. Based predominantly on Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), this paper investigates Swiss hotels’ messages on their official Facebook pages and the SCCT strategies they employed during this crisis. The findings from 48 independent four- and five-star hotels show that the Victimage strategy was the most often employed when communicating about the COVID-19 pandemic in general. Further, most hotels published positive messages during this period (68%) and strongly emphasized their roles as victims at this time. Only 5% of the messages posted were negative messages. Hotels ‘blamed’ the government and the sanitary measures for their closing or reduced services. The findings presented here contribute to the literature by offering a pattern of crisis responses from Swiss hotels in the early period of the pandemic. These results are currently being updated with the messages communicated in the 12 months since the beginning of this study. The findings of this crisis communication during an early stage of the pandemic will be used to make concrete recommendations for the strategies that should be implemented in the future if the COVID-19 crisis continues or when faced with other crises.
Building Resilient Smart Cities for Sustainable Urban Tourism in Africa Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Woyo Erisher , Ukpabi Dandison 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the knowledge by examining the role of smart tourism technologies in destination resilience amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering tourism in the COVID-19 crisis as an emerging stream of research, the study also explores how African cities deployed smart tourism technologies and how effective it has been in creating resilient and safe destinations. Data were collected through a semi-structured online interview from destination managers in Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa. The findings pose critical lessons for city destinations and how they need to transition into smartness to create safe spaces for travellers during and post-COVID-19. Our study makes novel contributions to literature and practice. Theoretically, our study fills the void identified in the relationship between STTs and COVID-19. Our study also offers practical recommendations that will accelerate African destination reset strategies.
Using Machine Learning Methods to Predict Demand for Bike Sharing
Authors: Gao Chang , Chen Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe applied four machine learning models, linear regression, the k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest, and support vector machine, to predict consumer demand for bike sharing in Seoul. We aimed to advance previous research on bike sharing demand by incorporating features other than weather - such as air pollution, traffic information, Covid-19 cases, and social economic factors- to increase prediction accuracy. The data were retrieved from Seoul Public Data Park website, which records the counts of public bike rentals in Seoul of Korea from January 1 to December 31, 2020. We found that the two best models are the random forest and the support vector machine models. Among the 29 features in six categories the features in the weather, pollution, and Covid-19 outbreak categories are the most important in model prediction. While almost all social economic features are the least important, we found that they help enhance the performance of the models.
Virtual Reality: A Simple Substitute or New Niche?
Authors: Verkerk Victoria-Ann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince 2020, the tourism industry worldwide has been devastated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments across the globe imposed strict national lockdowns in order to curb the spread of the pandemic, with negative effects on tourism. This forced many tourism companies and organizations to turn to virtual reality (VR) to survive. As a consequence, numerous tourism scholars began to question whether VR would replace conventional tourism after COVID-19. The study aims is to address this concern and to determine if VR will be a substitute for conventional tourism or whether it can be considered as a tourism niche. It is a conceptional study which adopts a comparative analysis of conventional tourism models and VR. It uses two popular conventional tourism models, namely N. Leiper’s (1979) tourism system model and R.W. Butler’s (1980) destination life-cycle model. Based on this analysis, this paper suggests that VR will never be a substitute for conventional tourism, but should rather be considered a future tourism niche.
Content-Based Recommendations for Crags and Climbing Routes
Authors: Ivanova Iustina , Andrić Marina , Ricci Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimbing is a popular sport for active tourists and recreational sportsmen. Alpine climbing areas, such as the Alps, can attract tourists from all over the world. Various websites, mobile applications, and books are used by climbers to obtain information on important aspects of the available climbing routes, including their properties, location, and especially their difficulty. Considering this large amount of information and options, it is in reality difficult for climbers to properly select which routes to climb. Hence, we propose recommendation technologies aimed at supporting climbers in this decision task. The developed system prototype constructs a climber’s profile with preferences derived from climber’s logbook data collected by a mobile app. Then, the system can recommend suitable crags and climbing routes within the selected crags. The designed interface and the basic computational models for such a system prototype are presented. The proposed technology aims at complementing existing electronic climbing guidebooks and providing decision support to climbers.
Understanding Preferences in Tourism Email Marketing
Authors: Garbani-Nerini Elide , Marchiori Elena , Reale Rossella , Cantoni Lorenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNowadays, advanced tools allow the personalization of email communication with tourism clients or prospects based on explicit (e.g. name, age, language, country) and implicit indicators (e.g. ranking of activity in the opening rate of the newsletter, browsing preferences, online preferences provided by cookies, etc.). However, knowing how audiences react to emails allows Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) to create content clusters for personalized communication. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the preferences on tourism email marketing of different audiences based on a specific explicit indicator, namely the language chosen by users to receive communications by a DMO. A content analysis on a longitudinal dataset based on 131 newsletter messages sent between 2018 and 2021 to more than 50′000 contacts by a DMO in Switzerland was performed. Results show that content should be adapted to different audiences speaking different languages instead of providing just a translation. Specifically, the German-speaking audience seems to be more inclined to messages that focus on winter sports and hiking, the Italian-speaking audience to news about hiking and information on COVID-19, the French-speaking audience to news about promotions, while the English-speaking audience to contents on discounts and COVID-19-related. These results provide an important contribution to studies on tourism personalization of communication in the context of email marketing, suggesting the role of content adaptation according to the language and cultural background of the audience. DMO managers can also benefit from this research in understanding how to address a similar study on their datasets and compare the emerged content clusters.
Exploring “Planned Serendipity” and On-site Information Behavior on Smartphones
Authors: Mieli Micol 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper explores tourists’ smartphone-related information behavior on site in light of the concept of “planned serendipity”. The ability to gather information at anytime and anywhere can deeply influence tourists’ behavior, their information needs and the outcomes of their travel plans. In this study, the concept of planned serendipity is used to suggest that the outcome of travel information behavior on site is not entirely planned nor entirely serendipitous. The study employs the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in combination with qualitative interviews, which allow the researcher to gather data both during the participants’ trip and afterwards. The thematic analysis resulted in four main themes related to information search connected to smartphone use: flexible plans; orientation in time and space; specificity of the query; aiming for optimization. Such conditions result in planned serendipity. The study thus contributes to the conceptualization of planned serendipity as an outcome of smartphone use during travel for information purposes.
Understanding Hotel Employees’ and Guests’ Perceptions of Smart Hotels Using Q Methodology
Authors: Shen Ye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNowadays, hotels are adopting high technologies to improve the quality of their facilities and services to build competitive advantages. Although smart hotels are an emerging trend, no known studies have investigated hotel employees’ and guests’ perceptions of this kind of hotel. This research will investigate how hotel employees and guests perceive the benefits and drawbacks of smart hotels using Q methodology.
Business Intelligence and the Public Management of Destinations: The View of DMOs
Authors: Femenia-Serra Francisco , Alzua-Sorzabal Aurkene , Pousa-Unanue Aitziber 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBusiness intelligence (BI) has become a priority for destination management organizations (DMOs) that have implemented solutions to improve their decision-making and data management processes. However, not all BI initiatives have fulfilled the expectations. This paper presents an analysis of a series of interviews with DMOs in Spain, offering a snapshot of their satisfaction with BI and the relationship between these applications and decision making at destinations. The results suggests that one of the reasons for failure is the lack of understanding of the critical factors that define the success of BI applications. Moreover, the findings offer a novel vision of how destinations are progressively leveraging the opportunities that advanced data analysis offers, but also reveal why managers find manifold difficulties in implementing these systems. These results pose several implications for DMOs.
Analyzing Individual, Institutional, and Regional Contributions to E-tourism: The Case of ENTER Proceedings (1996–2021)
Authors: Tam Suki Siuki , Ye Huiyue , Law Rob , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractENTER conference is an annual international event organized by the International Federation for Information Technology and Travel and Tourism (IFITT). Since 1994, this conference has been providing a platform for academics, industry practitioners, governments, and other organizations to share their research about information and communication technologies application in tourism. In the conference, the IFITT community mainly focuses on three streams, namely, research, destinations, and industry. The studies presented at the ENTER conference were published in the content of ENTER proceedings. The current study analyzes the proceedings published from 1996 to 2021 (i.e., 26 issues) to understand the individual, institutional, and regional contributions to e-tourism within these 26 years.
How to Design Hotel Gamified Applications Effectively: Understanding the Motives of Users as Hotel Visitors
Authors: Parapanos Demos , Michopoulou Elina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe service sector including tourism and hospitality have recognized the need for a turn to a customer-centric approach that primarily values tourists’ needs, wants, preferences and requirements as major determinants in travel decisions. Considering that mobile devices are becoming travel buddies and that their use is profoundly influencing traveller’s journey highlights the need of Gamification. As a relatively new phenomenon in the industry, motives encouraging usage behaviour have yet to be researched. Identifying these motives could offer several advantages to hotels by providing relationship marketing, engagement and strengthening customer loyalty. This research tries to fill this gap and enlighten existing gamification research by understanding the motives of users’ continuance intention in adopting technology with gamification characteristics. Visual material based on the current definitions of gamification was prepared to create a hotel gamified application to help participants discuss their preferences.
Video Games as a Media for Tourism Experience
Authors: Junko Yang , Hsu Chia-Hsiang , Liu Tsong-Zen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVirtual reality technology in recent year has been a hot topic in tourism and hospitality field, both for research and practical purposes. Virtual technology has some limitation, such as costs and time, which can be addressed by a different form of virtual technology, which is video games. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of mental imagery, sense of presence and addition of storytelling towards tourism experience by using video games as a medium. Previous studies have analyzed effects of mental imagery and presence towards the tourism experience, but there is lack of research in using storytelling or narratives to add to the tourism experience. Storytelling has been studied in marketing field, and has been found to be a great marketing tool, because people love to hear stories. Video games can be a better tool for delivering storytelling, while providing solid mental imagery and a sense of presence to the location. The methodology proposed for this study is a quantitative approach, using survey questionnaire as a tool. Two sampling method is proposed. The first is to use players of location-based games as the population, and randomly take the sample. The second method is to uses tourists or potential tourists of a destination, have the respondents try out the game, and answer the questionnaire. The proposed research could provide the importance of storytelling to be added for virtual reality and video games usage in tourism and hospitality field.
Leveraging Blockchain in Medical Tourism Value Chain
Authors: Balasubramanian Sreejith , Ajayan Shalini , Paris Cody Morris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are significant challenges facing the medical tourism industry: privacy and transparency concerns, lack of access to centralized medical records, fraudulent practices, opportunistic behavior of intermediaries, foreign currency risks, and contractual/legal issues. While blockchain technology has immense potential to address the industry’s inherent challenges and inefficiencies, the current understanding of blockchain application in medical tourism is fragmented. Through a pragmatic review of the literature, this study explores the blockchain applications and benefits for medical tourists across the stages of the medical tourism value chain, and in the process, proposes a meaningful and managerially relevant blockchain framework for medical tourism. The findings and the proposed novel framework to guide policy interventions and support mechanisms to take advantage of the full opportunities of blockchain in medical tourism.
“Better Not Let Me Know”: The Mediating Role of Regret on the Relation Between Social Comparison Discrepancy in Online Hotel Review and Revisit Intention
Authors: Nong Sunny Zhenzhen , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOnline review is powerful in influencing tourists’ travel decision. However, understanding of how online reviews affect tourist emotion and decision at the post-trip stage is limited. The present study examines whether encountering travel experiences shared on social media by other users with disparity in the cost of same accommodation after a trip will cause regret and alter the intention to revisit from a retrospective point of view. Drawing from the experimental study, the result showed that regret mediates the negative effect of comparison discrepancy (in the case of differences in the paid room rate) on intention to stay in the hotel again. The current study of the effects of social comparison on revisit intention adds to the literature and establishes the groundwork for future scholarly work on post-trip online review management. Meaningful implications and strategies are recommended to online review platform and hotel marketing management.
A modified X-ray diffraction method to measure residual normal and shear stresses of machined surfaces
Authors: Luo Quanshun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractX-ray diffraction has been widely used in measuring surface residual stresses. A drawback of the conventionald ~ sin2ψmethod is the increased uncertainty arising fromsin2ψsplitting when a significant residual shear stress co-exists with a residual normal stress. In particular, the conventional method can only be applied to measure the residual normal stress while leaving the residual shear stress unknown. In this paper, we propose a new approach to make simultaneous measurement of both residual normal and shear stresses. Theoretical development of the new approach is described in detail, which includes two linear regressions,$$\frac{{d}_{\psi }+ {d}_{-\psi }}{2}$$dψ+d-ψ2~sin2ψand {dψ-d-ψ} ~ sin(2ψ), to determine the residual normal and shear stresses separately. Several samples were employed to demonstrate the new method, including turning-machined and grinding-machined cylindrical bars of a high strength steel as well as a flat sample of magnetron sputtered TiN coating. The machined samples were determined to have residual compressive normal stresses at both the axial and hoop directions as well as various scales of residual shear stresses. The TiN coating showed a high scale of residual compressive (normal) stress whereas the measured residual shear stress was extremely low. The new method showed significantly increased precision as compared to the conventionald ~ sin2ψmethod.