bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribing decision making by medical residents on night shifts: A qualitative study
Authors: Lauffenburger Julie C. , Coll Maxwell D. , Kim Erin , Robertson Ted , Oran Rebecca , Haff Nancy , Hanken Kaitlin , Avorn Jerry , Choudhry Niteesh K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrescribing of medications with well‐known adverse effects, like antipsychotics or benzodiazepines, during hospitalisation is extremely common despite guideline recommendations against their use. Barriers to optimal prescribing, including perceived pressure from allied health professionals and fatigue, may be particularly pronounced for less experienced medical residents, especially during night shifts when these medications are often prescribed. Under these circumstances, physicians may be more likely to use ‘quick’, often referred to as System 1 choices, rather than ‘considered’ System 2 strategies for decisions. Understanding how medical residents use, these different cognitive approaches could help develop interventions to improve prescribing.MethodsTo understand decision‐making and contextual contributors that influence suboptimal prescribing during night coverage by medical residents, we conducted semi‐structured qualitative interviews with residents in general medicine inpatient settings. The interviews elicited perspectives on shift routines, stressful situations, factors influencing prescribing decision making and hypothetical measures that could improve prescribing. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using codes developed by the team to generate themes using immersion/crystallisation approaches.ResultsWe conducted interviews with 21 medical residents; 47% were female, 43% were White, and 43% were Asian. We identified five key themes: (i) time pressures affecting prescribing decisions, (ii) fears of judgement by senior physicians and peers and being responsible for patient outcomes, (iii) perceived pressure from nursing staff, amplified by nurses' greater experience, (iv) clinical acuity as a key factor influencing prescribing, and (v) strategies to improve communication between members of the care team, like ensuring adequate hand‐off by day teams.ConclusionMedical residents highlighted numerous contextual factors that promote quick thinking rather than slower thinking when prescribing on night shifts, particularly time constraints, perceived pressure and patient clinical acuity. Interventions aimed at reducing prescribing should address how to manage stress and perceived pressure in decision making.
Ultrasound monitoring of microcirculation: An original study from the laboratory bench to the clinic
Authors: Aghabaglou Fariba , Ainechi Ana , Abramson Haley , Curry Eli , Kaovasia Tarana Parvez , Kamal Serene , Acord Molly , Mahapatra Smruti , Pustavoitau Aliaksei , Smith Beth , Azadi Javad , Son Jennifer K. , Suk Ian , Theodore Nicholas , Tyler Betty M. , Manbachi Amir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveMonitoring microcirculation and visualizing microvasculature are critical for providing diagnosis to medical professionals and guiding clinical interventions. Ultrasound provides a medium for monitoring and visualization; however, there are challenges due to the complex microscale geometry of the vasculature and difficulties associated with quantifying perfusion. Here, we studied established and state‐of‐the‐art ultrasonic modalities (using six probes) to compare their detection of slow flow in small microvasculature.MethodsFive ultrasonic modalities were studied: grayscale, color Doppler, power Doppler, superb microvascular imaging (SMI), and microflow imaging (MFI), using six linear probes across two ultrasound scanners. Image readability was blindly scored by radiologists and quantified for evaluation. Vasculature visualization was investigated both in vitro (resolution and flow characterization) and in vivo (fingertip microvasculature detection).ResultsSuperb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) and Micro Flow Imaging (MFI) modalities provided superior images when compared with conventional ultrasound imaging modalities both in vitro and in vivo. The choice of probe played a significant difference in detectability. The slowest flow detected (in the lab) was 0.1885 ml/s and small microvasculature of the fingertip were visualized.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that SMI and MFI used with vascular probes operating at higher frequencies provided resolutions acceptable for microvasculature visualization, paving the path for future development of ultrasound devices for microcirculation monitoring.
How fungal multidrug transporters mediate hyper resistance through DNA amplification and mutation
Authors: Banerjee Atanu , Rahman Hadiar , Prasad Rajendra , Golin John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA significant portion of clinically observed antifungal resistance is mediated by ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transport pumps that reside in the plasma membrane. We review the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. Hyper resistance is often brought about by several kinds of DNA amplification or by gain‐of‐function mutations in a variety of transcription factors. Both of these result in overexpression of ABC and MFS transporters. Recently, however, several additional modes of resistance have been observed. These include mutations in non‐conserved nucleotides leading to altered mRNA stability and a mutation in yeast transporter Pdr5, which improves cooperativity between drug‐binding sites.
Global analysis of floral longevity reveals latitudinal gradients and biotic and abiotic correlates
Authors: Song Bo , Sun Lu , Barrett Spencer C. H. , Moles Angela T. , Luo Ya‐Huang , Armbruster W. Scott , Gao Yong‐Qian , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang , Sun Hang 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe length of time a flower remains open and functional – floral longevity – governs important reproductive processes influencing pollination and mating and varies considerably among angiosperm species. However, little is known about large‐scale biogeographic patterns and the correlates of floral longevity.Using published data on floral longevity from 818 angiosperm species in 134 families and 472 locations world‐wide, we present the first global quantification of the latitudinal pattern of floral longevity and the relationships between floral longevity and a range of biotic and abiotic factors.Floral longevity exhibited a significant phylogenetic signal and was longer at higher latitudes in both northern and southern hemispheres, even after accounting for elevation. This latitudinal variation was associated with several biotic and abiotic variables. The mean temperature of the flowering season had the highest predictive power for floral longevity, followed by pollen number per flower. Surprisingly, compatibility status, flower size, pollination mode, and growth form had no significant effects on flower longevity.Our results suggest that physiological processes associated with floral maintenance play a key role in explaining latitudinal variation in floral longevity across global ecosystems, with potential implications for floral longevity under global climate change and species distributions.
Gaze patterns reveal aesthetic distance while viewing art
Authors: Marin Manuela M. , Leder Helmut 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor centuries, Western philosophers have argued that aesthetic experiences differ from common, everyday pleasing sensations, and further, that mental states, such as disinterested contemplation and aesthetic distance, underlie these complex experiences. We empirically tested whether basic perceptual processes of information intake reveal evidence for aesthetic distance, specifically toward visual art. We conducted two eye tracking experiments using appropriately matched visual stimuli (environmental scenes and representational paintings) with 59 participants using two different presentation durations (25 and 6 s). Linear mixed‐effects models considering individual differences showed that affective content (pleasantness and arousal), but not stimulus composition (complexity), leads to differential effects when viewing representational paintings in comparison to environmental scenes. We demonstrate that an increase in aesthetic pleasantness induced by representational paintings during a free‐viewing task leads to a slower and deeper processing mode than when viewing environmental scenes of motivational relevance, for which we observed the opposite effect. In addition, long presentation durations led to an increase in scanning behavior during visual art perception. These empirical findings inform the debate about how aesthetic experiences differ from everyday perceptual processes by showing that the notion of aesthetic distance may be better understood by examining different modes of viewing.
Clinical Outcomes of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty after High Tibial Osteotomy and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shen Gaobo , Shen Danhong , Fang Yuan , Li Xuefei , Cui Longkang , Wei Bing , Wu Lianguo 
Published: May 2022

As more high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are performed, orthopaedic surgeons realize that more HTO and UKA failures will require revision to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the future. To systematically evaluate the clinical outcomes of TKA after HTO and TKA after UKA, the Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies investigating revision TKA after HTO and UKA published up to June 2021. RevMan version 5.3 was used to perform the meta‐analysis. The revision TKA after HTO and revision TKA after UKA groups were compared in terms of operative time, range of motion (ROM), knee score, postoperative complications, postoperative infection, revision, and revision implants used. Nine studies were ultimately included in the meta‐analysis. Results revealed that the knee score for the revision TKA after HTO group was better than that of the revision TKA after UKA group (MD 4.50 [95% CI 0.80–8.20]; p = 0.02). The revision TKA after HTO group had a lower revision rate (OR 0.65 [95% CI 0.55–0.78]; p < 0.00001) and fewer revision implants used (OR 0.11 [95% CI 0.05–0.23]; p < 0.00001). There were no statistical differences in operation time (MD ‐2.00 [95% CI −11.22 to 7.21]; p = 0.67), ROM (MD ‐0.04 [95% CI ‐3.69–3.61]; p = 0.98), postoperative complications (OR 1.41 [95% CI 0.77–2.60]; p = 0.27), or postoperative infections (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.61–1.29]; p = 0.53). To conclude, the revision rate of revision TKA after UKA was greater, and more revision implants were required. It is important for orthopaedic surgeons to preserve bone during primary UKA.
Neuromuscular function of the shoulder girdle and upper extremity musculature in individuals with a history of glenohumeral labral repair
Authors: Takeno Katsumi , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Glaviano Neal R. , Khuder Sadik , Norte Grant E. 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare neuromuscular function in the upper extremity musculature between individuals with glenohumeral labrum repair and uninjured controls. This cross‐sectional study examined 16 individuals with a primary, unilateral glenohumeral labral repair (male/female: 13/3, age: 24.1 ± 5.0 years, time from surgery: 36.7 ± 33.3 months) and 14 uninjured individuals (male/female: 11/3, age: 23.8 ± 2.7 years) matched by age, sex, activity level, and limb dominance participated. Mass‐normalized shoulder abduction and wrist flexion maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, motoneuron pool excitability of the flexor carpi radialis (Hoffmann reflex), and corticospinal excitability of the upper trapezius, middle deltoid, and flexor carpi radialis (active motor threshold [AMT]) were evaluated. Dependent and independent t‐tests were used to assess between‐limb and between‐group comparisons. Cohen's d effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were used to quantify the magnitude of differences observed. Within the injured group, the involved limb had lesser shoulder abduction MVIC torque (p < 0.001, d = 1.16) and higher AMT for the upper trapezius (p = 0.01, d = 0.81) compared with the contralateral limb. The labral repair group had lesser shoulder abduction MVIC torque (p < 0.001, d = 1.17) and Hoffmann reflex (p = 0.01, d = 0.99), as well as higher AMT for the upper trapezius (p < 0.001, d = 1.23) in their involved limb compared with the control group. Large magnitude neuromuscular impairments are present beyond 6 months from glenohumeral labral repair, suggesting potential origins of impairments to be addressed during post‐operative rehabilitation.
Farming women, distress and drought: Intra‐actions and entanglements with matter
Authors: Bryant Lia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFarming women have rarely been the focus of scholarly work on drought and/or distress. This article focuses on farming women's lived experience of drought and distress, drawing on a participatory filmmaking project created by a small group of farming women from Southern Australia. Feminist materialism and Barad's (2003) concept of ‘intra‐action’ provides a useful lens to examine both the film as an artefact as well as the discussions among the women during its creation. Intra‐action enables an exploration of how farming women's bodies come into being as distressed in moments of time through and with drought as a complex constellation of multiple ‘matter’. The film and narratives show distressed bodies emerging with dust, wind, objects and the suffering of non‐human animals. For these women, distress emerges from hearing, sensing, seeing and feeling the irritation of dirt splattered against window panes, the emotional pain and economic consequences of topsoil blowing across paddocks and as feed becomes hard to source, the recognition of the suffering of sheep. The power of these animate and inanimate ‘things’—windmills, windows, troughs, work boots, animals and soil—were sensorily entangled with women's bodies. For farming women, distress materialises within their bodies through processes of intra‐action in their more‐than‐human worlds.
Respiratory viruses in rural Zambia before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Loevinsohn Gideon , Hamahuwa Mutinta , Hardick Justin , Sinywimaanzi Pamela , Fenstermacher Katherine Z. J. , Munachoonga Passwell , Weynand Austin , Monze Mwaka , Manabe Yukari C. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Rothman Richard E. , Pekosz Andrew , Thuma Philip E. , Simulundu Edgar , Sutcliffe Catherine G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesWith the emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, restrictions were implemented globally to control the virus. Data on respiratory pathogens in sub‐Saharan Africa during the COVID‐19 pandemic are scarce. This analysis was conducted to evaluate patterns of respiratory pathogens in rural Zambia before and during the first year of the pandemic.MethodsSurveillance was established in December 2018 at Macha Hospital in southern Zambia. Patients with respiratory symptoms in the outpatient and inpatient clinics were recruited. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested for respiratory pathogens. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pathogens was evaluated and compared in the first (December 10, 2018–December 9, 2019) and second (December 10, 2019–November 30, 2020) years of surveillance.ResultsOutpatient visits and admissions for respiratory illness significantly decreased from the first to second year, especially among children. SARS‐CoV‐2 was not detected from any participants in Year 2. Among outpatients and inpatients with respiratory symptoms, the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses decreased from the first to second year. In contrast, the prevalence of rhinovirus/enterovirus, metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus increased.ConclusionsThe epidemiology of respiratory viruses in rural Zambia changed during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, suggesting that public health interventions may have had an impact on the introduction and circulation of respiratory pathogens in this area.
Influenza A virus circulation in backyard animals in the Pacific coast of Guatemala, 2013–2014
Authors: Müller‐Theissen Maria L. , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Ortiz Lucia , Szablewski Christine M. , Alvarez Danilo , Gonzalez‐Reiche Ana S. , Jara Jorge , Davis C. Todd , Cordon‐Rosales Celia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to their documented epidemiological relevance as hosts for influenza A viruses (IAV), humans, poultry and pigs in backyard production systems (BPS) within wetlands could be key to the emergence of novel IAV variants able to transmit between humans or animals. To better understand the circulation of IAV at the human–animal interface of BPS within wetlands, we studied IAV in backyard duck flocks and pig herds in the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. From April 2013 to October 2014, we estimated the monthly IAV per cent seropositive and viral positive flocks and herds in two resource‐limited communities. We detected antibodies in sera against the IAV nucleoprotein through ELISA. We also detected IAV viral RNA in respiratory (ducks and pigs) and cloacal (ducks) swabs through rRT‐PCR directed at the matrix gene. We attempted viral isolation in eggs or MDCK cells followed by sequencing from swabs positive for IAV. During our study period, IAV seropositivity in duck flocks was 38%, and viral positivity was 23% (n = 86 BPS sampled). IAV seropositivity in pig herds was 42%, and viral positivity was 20% (n = 90 BPS sampled). Both flocks and herds had detectable antibodies against IAV mostly year‐round, and IAV was detected in several months. We isolated an H3N2 virus from one pig sampled at the end of 2013. Standard nucleotide BLAST searches indicate that the isolated virus was similar to seasonal viruses circulating in humans, suggesting human‐to‐pig transmission. Our data show concurrent circulation of IAV in multiple species of poultry and pigs that were commingled in rudimentary conditions in proximity to humans, but no significant risk factors could be identified.
Siphon Break Phenomena Associated With Pipe Leakage Location
Authors: Zanje Sumit R. , Bian Linlong , Verma Vivek , Yin Zeda , Leon Arturo S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the siphon break phenomenon associated with pipe leakage location. The present study is divided into two parts: (1) an unsteady three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate the pressure head (water level) and discharge in the simulated siphon using the volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique under no-leakage condition and (2) using the model developed in the first part we investigated the siphon break phenomenon associated with pipe leakage location. The calculated results of transient water level and discharge rate at the simulated siphon for the no-leakage condition were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. In addition, the velocity, pressure fields, and phase fractions in the siphon pipe were analyzed in depth. The methodology and findings presented show that leakage above the hydraulic grade line and close to the top inverted U section of the siphon pipe ultimately leads to the siphon breakage, which is not the case for a leakage below the hydraulic grade line. It is also concluded that if leakage is above the hydraulic grade line and the leakage position is far away from the upper horizontal section of the siphon pipe, it may not lead to the immediate siphon breakage as ingested air gets removed with siphoning water, allowing it further time to cause complete siphon breakage.
Efficacy of Pain Scales in the Athletic Population and Pairing With Algometric Measurements
Authors: Ohrnberger Elisabeth , Sabin Matthew , Lane Michael , Adams-Blair Heather , Sciascia Aaron 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine if subjective pain scales commonly used (a) are correlated to each other and with algometric measurements and (b) differ between collegiate athletes and noncollegiate athletes. There were consistent significant positive correlations between all pain scales, regardless of groupings (collegiate athletes: r = .234–.730, p ≤ .007; noncollegiate athletes: r = .518–.820, p ≤ .002; female: r = .437–.690, p ≤ .010; male: r = .492–.784, p ≤ .005). These findings suggest that the pain scales studied could be used with both athletic and nonathletic populations. Algometric assessments may be better suited for patients with altered pain processing compared with those without.
Experimental investigation of transvenous embolization of arteriovenous malformations using different in vivo models
Authors: Vollherbst Dominik F , Hantz Matthias , Schmitt Niclas , Do Thuy D , Neuberger Ulf , Kauczor Hans U , Bendszus Martin , Sommer Christof M , Möhlenbruch Markus A 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTransvenous embolization (TVE) is an emerging technique for the endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The aim of this study was to investigate two in vivo AVM models and to assess TVE techniques using these models.MethodsBlood flow in the porcine rete mirabile (RM) was modified by either creating a carotid–jugular fistula or by placing a balloon guide catheter in the carotid artery. The RM was embolized with precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) 25% via transarterial embolization (TAE; control group) and compared with TVE applying the transvenous retrograde pressure cooker technique and TVE using a Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device for flow control (n=6, respectively). The embolization extent (penetration of the RM), the number of events of reflux or embolization distal to the RM and the procedure times were assessed.ResultsThe modified RM could be successfully used for embolization in all cases. There were no significant differences regarding the outcome parameters between the two AVM models (fistula or balloon). TVE using the pressure cooker technique led to a higher extent of embolization (median 98.8% vs 63.5%; p=0.008), a lower number of reflux or distal embolization events (p<0.001) and a shorter procedure time (p<0.001) compared with conventional TAE. TVE using a WEB device for flow control was technically feasible and achieved a moderate extent of embolization (median 83.8%).ConclusionAfter surgical or endovascular modification, the porcine RM is a feasible in vivo AVM model for the investigation of TVE techniques. TVE using the pressure cooker technique is superior to conventional TAE in this experimental model.
Explaining lepton-flavor non-universality and self-interacting dark matter with $$L_\mu -L_\tau $$
Authors: Heeck Julian , Thapa Anil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExperimental hints for lepton-flavor universality violation in the muon’s magnetic moment as well as neutral- and charged-current B-meson decays require Standard-Model extensions by particles such as leptoquarks that generically lead to unacceptably fast rates of charged lepton flavor violation and proton decay. We propose a model based on a gauged $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$

U

(
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μ

-

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that eliminates all these unwanted decays by symmetry rather than finetuning and efficiently explains $$(g-2)_\mu $$

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)

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, $$R_{K^{(*)}}$$

R

K

(

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, $$R_{D^{(*)}}$$

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D

(

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, and neutrino masses. The $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$

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(
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-

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furthermore acts as a stabilizing symmetry for dark matter and the light $$Z'$$

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′

gauge boson mediates velocity-dependent dark-matter self-interactions that resolve the small-scale structure problems. Lastly, even the Hubble tension can be ameliorated via the light $$Z'$$

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contribution to the relativistic degrees of freedom.