bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioprospecting microalgae with the capacity for inducing calcium carbonate biomineral precipitation
Authors: Arumugam Kavithraashree , Mohamad Rosfarizan , Ashari Siti Efliza , Tan Joo Shun , Mohamed Mohd Shamzi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCalcium carbonate precipitation is a form of sedimentary carbonate which occurs naturally in an ecosystem saturated with calcium ions and prompted by a wide assortment of microorganisms through various biological processes. The phenomenon, also known as “Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation” (MICP), may find the characteristics of its by‐product biomineral to be a promising alternative for conventional cement. Several microalgae species can produce cementitious CaCO3 deposits, which are permanently removed as solid crystal upon achieving suitable conditions for precipitation. This study assessed a total of eight microalgae for their biomineralization capability in calcification media containing 12 mM of calcium chloride dihydrate and 0.18 to 5.0 mM of sodium bicarbonate by analyzing the profiles of cell growth, pH, calcium and bicarbonate ions concentration, alkalinity, and saturation index. Among the microalgae tested, Synechocystis sp. ATCC 27178 cultured in BG‐11 medium with 5.0 mM of NaHCO3 had shown the highest calcium ions removal rate (0.70 mM/day), followed by Chlorella vulgaris (0.40 mM/day). The morphology of CaCO3 crystals precipitated from these microalgae was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX). The elucidation of the crystal polymorph as calcite was then confirmed through X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Silver‐catalyzed Radical Cascade Arylthiodifluoromethylation/ Cyclization of Isonitriles for the Synthesis of 6‐Phenanthridinyldifluoromethyl Aryl Thioethers
Authors: Du Pengcheng , Sun Qianqian , Li Hongxiao , Zhang Jianhua , Deng Hongmei , Jiang Haizhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn efficient method for silver‐catalyzed radical cascade arylthiodifluoromethylation/cyclization of isonitriles is disclosed. The transformation comprised addition of an arylthiodifluoromethyl radical generated in situ by the oxidative decarboxylation of arylthiodifluoroacetic salts to the isonitrile functionality to construct an ArSCF2−C bond, followed by intramolecular cyclization to eventually afford 6‐phenanthridinyldifluoromethyl aryl thioethers. The protocol provided a variety of 6‐phenanthridinyldifluoromethyl aryl thioethers in medium to excellent yields with a good functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions.
Recent Advances in Group 14 and 15 Lewis Acids for Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
Authors: Sarkar Pallavi , Das Shubhajit , Pati Swapan K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) which rely on the cooperative action of Lewis acids and Lewis bases, played a prominent role in the advancement of main‐group catalysis. While the early days of FLP chemistry witnessed the dominance of boranes, there is a growing body of reports on alternative Lewis acids derived from groups 14 and 15. This short review focuses on the discovery of such non‐boron candidates reported since 2015.
Autonomous rover guidance and localization by measuring the peak of a tall landmark
Authors: Kim Jonghoek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper handles locating an autonomous rover whose mission is to explore the unknown outdoor environments, while localizing itself. For localization, the rover occasionally measures the peak of a tall landmark which is known a priori. For the peak measurement, the rover utilizes a monocular camera which is stabilized utilizing a gimbal system. In addition, the rover uses object detection methods to detect a landmark in its camera view. We assume that the height of the landmark is known a priori. Also, we assume that the rover has an altimeter to measure its altitude. Under these assumptions, we present a method to make the rover estimate the relative position of the landmark. Suppose that the rover's target location is set, so that the rover needs to visit the target while avoiding collision with obstacles. Due to environmental disturbance, the rover may not maintain its desired course while it moves. We thus address a guidance control to make the rover approach the target, while compensating the environmental disturbance at the rover's position. As far as we know, this paper is novel in addressing the rover's guidance and localization by measuring the peak of a tall landmark which is known a priori. Furthermore, this paper is novel in utilizing gimbal camera for localization. Thus, we do not require heavy computational load caused by calculating the 6‐DOF transform between the camera and the rover's pose. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified utilizing MATLAB simulations.
School closures and educational attainment in Ethiopia: Can extra classes help children to catch up?
Authors: Carmichael Fiona , Darko Christian K. , Kanji Shireen , Vasilakos Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSchool closures impact children's attainment adversely, but understanding the effects of closures on children's attainment in lower‐income countries is still limited. Addressing this deficit, this study examines how past school closures have impacted children's educational attainment in Ethiopia. The study uses individual student‐level data from the Young Lives School Survey and standardised test scores in mathematics and language recorded at the start and end of the school year to model children's attainment. Multiple regression with propensity score matching is used to analyse how attainment over the school year is impacted by school closures for a matched sub‐sample of 4842 students. The effectiveness of additional classes to make up for lost learning is also evaluated. Past school closures have had a detrimental effect on attainment in mathematics, but not literacy. Extra classes, specifically those that families do not pay for, have helped children in the past to recuperate lost learning and could serve this function post‐Covid‐19. Inequalities in learning outcomes, measured by Gini coefficients in educational attainment, are widened by school closures. Applying these results to the extensive school closures under Covid‐19 furthers our understanding of the likely effects on academic attainment and can inform policy to mitigate the impact.
Application of 2,4,5‐tris(2‐pyridyl)imidazole as ‘turn‐off’ fluorescence sensor for Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions andin vitrocell imaging
Authors: Bhattacharya Araghni , Mahata Satyajit , Bandyopadhyay Ashutosh , Mandal Biman B. , Manivannan Vadivelu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe 2,4,5‐tris(2‐pyridyl)imidazole (L) molecule has been evaluated as a probe for dual sensing of Hg2+and Cu2+ions in EtOH/HEPES buffer medium (5 mM, pH = 7.34, 1:1,v/v). ProbeLshows a good sensitive and selectiveturn‐offresponse in the presence of both Hg2+and Cu2+ions, which is comprehensible under long UV light. The probe can detect Cu2+ion in the pH range 3–11 and Hg2+ion in pH 6–8. The limit of detection for Cu2+(0.77 μM) is well under the allowable limit prescribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Two metal (Cu2+/Hg2+) ions are needed perLfor complete fluorescence quenching. The probe shows marked reversibility on treatment with Na2EDTA, making the protocol more economical for practical purposes. Paper strip coated with theLsolution of EtOH can detect the presence of Cu2+and Hg2+ions in the sample using visible quenching of the fluorescence intensity. Density functional theory–time‐dependent density functional theory (DFT–TDDFT) calculations support experimental observations, andd‐orbitals of Cu2+/Hg2+provide a nonradiative decay pathway. Cell imaging study using HDF and MDA‐MB‐231 cells also supported the viability ofLin detecting Cu2+and Hg2+ions in living cells.
Functional relationship between the anatomical structures of the calf and athletic ability
Authors: Lee Kyu‐Lim , Sung Jun‐Young , Oh Tae‐Woong , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCalf muscle plays an important function in driving the movement of stepping on the ground and moving forward when walking or running. The Achilles tendon has been reported to be closely related to the elasticity of tendons to absorb shock and rebound and convert energy into propulsion. We wanted to determine the effect and correlation of the anatomical structure of the calf region on function. Measurements of anatomical structures were conducted with 51 volunteers using ultrasonography, and exercise capacity tests were conducted to measure anaerobic power, elasticity, and flexibility. The mean power and length of the calf (LoC), muscle thickness (MT), and fascicle angle (FA) of the medial head of gastrocnemius (p < 0.001) showed the strongest positive correlation among the variables of anatomical structures. MT of the Gastrocnemius and LoC Gastrocnemius were also correlated with peak power. In the anatomical structure variables, the FA of the lateral head of gastrocnemius, length and width of the Achilles tendon, and part of the athletic ability, the standing long jump test and sitting trunk flexion test, were not significantly correlated. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the height and degree of development of the calf muscles are structures that affect the exercise of anaerobic power. Hence, it can be used as a predictor of athletic ability. Furthermore, the trainer can predict athletic ability according to the characteristics of the event by first understanding the athlete's physical condition.
Barriers and facilitators of young people’s engagement with webchat counselling: A qualitative analysis informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Mawdsley Geoffrey , Richiello Maria , Gutman Leslie Morrison 
Published: March 2022

AbstractYoung people's engagement with online counselling remains an endemic obstacle faced by mental health services. This study utilises the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework to systematically explore the barriers and facilitators of young people's behavioural engagement with online webchat counselling. The current study defines behavioural engagement as any observable or active contribution by the young person in the webchat sessions, such as written verbalisation and self‐expression. Semi‐structured interviews with counsellors (n = 8) and open‐ended questionnaire data from 43 young people (aged 18–25 years) were gathered and then coded. Nine core themes were identified including communication difficulties, the safety of the webchat environment, absence of face‐to‐face communication, ambiguity in messages or pauses, reaching goals, optimism about outcomes, pre‐existing anxieties, mood or well‐being and wanting/not wanting to attend. Using the BCW framework, these themes were mapped to broad intervention functions and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to provide suggestions to optimise young people's engagement with online counselling. These include the application of persuasive design features, the use of social strategies, increased counsellor training and greater personalisation of the online therapeutic approach. Future research can determine the effectiveness of these proposed strategies and BCTs to enrich the emerging engagement strategy field and the wider digital and mental health behaviour change literature.
Annual operator volume among patients treated using percutaneous coronary interventions with rotational atherectomy and procedural outcomes: Analysis based on a large national registry
Authors: Januszek Rafał , Siudak Zbigniew , Malinowski Krzysztof P. , Wańha Wojciech , Wojakowski Wojciech , Reczuch Krzysztof , Dobrzycki Sławomir , Lesiak Maciej , Hawranek Michał , Gil Robert J. , Witkowski Adam , Lekston Andrzej , Gąsior Mariusz , Chyrchel Michał , Jędrychowska Magdalena , Bartuś Krzysztof , Zajdel Wojciech , Legutko Jacek , Bartuś Stanisław 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow operator and institutional volume are associated with poorer procedural and long‐term clinical outcomes in the general population of patients treated with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).AimTo assess the relationship between operator experience and procedural outcomes of patients treated with PCI and rotational atherectomy (RA).MethodsData for conducting the current analysis were obtained from the national registry of percutaneous coronary interventions (ORPKI) maintained in cooperation with the Association of Cardiovascular Interventions (AISN) of the Polish Cardiac Society. The study covers data from January 2014 to December 2020.ResultsDuring the investigated period, there were 162 active CathLabs, at which 747,033 PCI procedures were performed by 851 operators (377 RA operators [44.3%]). Of those, 5188 were PCI with RA procedures; average 30 ± 61 per site/7 years (Me: 3; Q1–Q3: 0–31); 6 ± 18 per operator/7 years (Me: 0; Q1–Q3: 0–3). Considering the number of RA procedures annually performed by individual operators during the analyzed 7 years, the first quartile totaled (Q1: < =2.57), the second (Q2: < =5.57), and the third (Q3: < =11.57), while the fourth quartile was (Q4: > 11.57). The maximum number of procedures was 39.86 annually per operator. We demonstrated, through a nonlinear relationship with annualized operator volume and risk‐adjusted, that operators performing more PCI with RA per year (fourth quartile) have a lower number of the overall periprocedural complications (p = 0.019).ConclusionsHigh‐volume RA operators are related to lower overall periprocedural complication occurrence in patients treated with RA in comparison to low‐volume operators.
Rare clinical case report of a contralateral effect of laser biostimulation on the bone regeneration
Authors: Habash Ghassan , Jayash Soher Nagi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a unique clinical case of peri‐implantitis treated by a laser biostimulation in one side of maxilla and the effect extended to contralateral side in the maxilla. This indicates that low level laser therapy treatment may have some degree of bilateral effects within the orofacial region.
Designer Gold‐Framed Palladium Nanocubes for Plasmon‐Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Wu Fengxia , Wei Jinping , Sun Hongda , Yuan Yali , Bao Haibo , Li Fenghua , Zhang Zhichao , Han Shuang , Niu Wenxin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurface plasmon of coinage metal nanostructures has been employed as a powerful route in boosting the performances in heterogenous catalysis. Development of efficient plasmonic nanocatalysts with high catalytic performance and efficient light harvesting properties is of vital importance. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized a plasmonic nanocatalyst composed of Au‐framed Pd nanocubes by an Ag(I)‐assisted seed‐mediated growth method. In the synthesis, the incorporation of Ag(I) suppresses the reduction of Au on the {100} surface of cubic Pd seeds and leads to the formation of Au nanoframes on the Pd nanocubes. The unique Au‐framed Pd nanocubes can integrate the superior electrocatalytic of Pd and the outstanding plasmonic properties of Au. Thus, these nanostructures were employed as plasmonic nanocatalysts for plasmon‐enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol with improved stability.
Stable Triarylmethyl Radicals and Cobalt(II) Ions Based 1D/2D Coordination Polymers
Authors: Hou Xudong , Truong Nguyen Giang , Xu Tingting , Wei Haipeng , Seng Herng Tun , Huo Guifei , Wang Dingguan , Ding Jun , Wu Shaofei , Ungur Liviu , Wu Jishan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe incorporation of organic radicals into coordination polymers was considered as a promising strategy to promote metal‐ligand exchange interactions, but there are only a very limited number of stable organic radical‐based ligands that can serve well such a purpose. Herein, we report two new tris(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical‐based ligands L1 and L2 with two and three imidazole substituents, respectively. The imidazole unit serves as a coordination site and it can also stabilize the TTM radical by intramolecular donor–acceptor interaction. Coordination of L1 and L2 with cobalt(II) ions gave the corresponding one‐ (CoCP‐1) and two‐dimensional (CoCP‐2) coordination polymers, the structures of which were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Magnetic measurements and theoretical calculations suggest antiferromagnetic coupling between the paramagnetic cobalt(II) ions and the radical ligands. Our study provides a rational design for stable organic radical‐based ligands and further demonstrated the feasibility of a metal–radical approach toward magnetic materials.
Pt Nanoparticles with Enhanced Deaminase‐like Activity: Example of Oxidative Deamination of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfurylamine and Glutamic Acid
Authors: Lancien Antoine , Heuson Egon , Dumeignil Franck , Itabaiana Ivaldo , Froidevaux Renato , Wojcieszak Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOxidative deamination is part of the metabolic pathways of amino acid oxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes, and enables obtaining α‐keto acid from amino compound with ammonia as a by‐product. This work presents the utilization of Pt‐based catalyst composed of small platinum nanoparticles supported on industrial silica support (Pt/SiO2). This nanozyme was tested in the oxidative deamination reaction of two amino compounds: 5‐hydroxymethylfurfurylamine (HMFA) to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and glutamic acid (GA) to α‐ketoglutaric acid (KGA). This paper outlines the use of Pt nanozymes with deaminase‐like activity. We showed the ability of this nanozymes to be selective and active in liquid phase oxidative deamination of HMFA and glutamic acid in a 6 to 9 pH range at 60 °C under atmospheric pressure. Pt/SiO2 nanozyme actually plays as a deaminase mimic with high HMFA conversion (60%) and cumulative yield to the corresponding desaminated keto compounds (67%).
Advances in Brain Delivery Systems Based on Biomimetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Congwen , Qian Jiawen , Chu Yiwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAt present, therapeutics for the diseases of central nervous system (CNS) are complicated by the presence of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The BBB maintains intracranial homeostasis and facilitates brain‐body communications, but hinders the effectiveness of drug‐delivery systems based on nanoparticles (NPs). Great efforts have been devoted to the imprvement of NP‐based brain delivery over the past decades. In addition to chemical modifications, biomimetic technologies such as cell membranes or neurotropic viruses camouflage, immune cells or extracellular vesicles (EVs) loading are promising candidates to make NPs ideal vehicles. This review summarizes the characteristics and transport mechanisms of BBB, and the recent advances in biomimetic technologies as well as administration methods that enhance the BBB penetration and targeting capabilities of NPs.
Optimization of reinforcement routing for wireless mesh network using machine learning and high‐performance computing
Authors: Singh Ankita , Prakash Shiv , Singh Sudhakar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the modern world, wireless mesh networks (WMN) are widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is a dynamic, infrastructure‐less multihop network with mobility features. In WMN, to design an effective and strong routing protocol is a challenge. Conventional protocols for routing using a remote vector or link‐state routing are not ideal for a wireless network. The shortest routing path is used with all current traditional routing protocols to pick a route with a minimum number of hops. The decisions must be done in real‐time in high‐traffic networks for the route selection and for the packets to be diversified into other routes. The routing protocols should adapt to the traffic conditions, that is, the network load changes and the route must be selected accordingly. The route may not be the shortest in number, but the best in terms of the actual time a packet requires to reach the target. The key objective of this research work is to design such an adaptive routing algorithm, while minimizing the delivery time and preventing the network from congestion. The rationale for this research work is to optimize adaptive routing protocol based on reinforcement learning, which efficiently delivers packets in the WMN. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the obtained results significantly improve the system performance compared to the benchmark routing protocols. The Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay, and throughput metrics are used to assess the performance of the proposed technique using the NS‐3 simulator.
Demographic responses of nearly extirpated endangered mountain caribou to recovery actions in Central British Columbia
Authors: McNay R. Scott , Lamb Clayton T. , Giguere Line , Williams Sara H. , Martin Hans , Sutherland Glenn D. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecovering endangered species is a difficult and often controversial task that challenges status quo land uses. Southern Mountain caribou are a threatened ecotype of caribou that historically ranged in southwestern Canada and northwestern USA and epitomize the tension between resource extraction, biodiversity conservation, and Indigenous Peoples' treaty rights. Human‐induced habitat alteration is considered the ultimate cause of caribou population declines, whereby an increased abundance of primary prey—such as moose and deer—elevates predator populations and creates unsustainable caribou mortality. Here we focus on the Klinse‐Za and Quintette subpopulations, part of the endangered Central Group of Southern Mountain caribou in British Columbia. These subpopulations were trending toward immediate extirpation until a collaborative group initiated recovery by implementing two short‐term recovery actions. We test the effectiveness of these recovery actions—maternity penning of adult females and their calves, and the reduction of a primary predator, wolves—in increasing vital rates and population growth. Klinse‐Za received both recovery actions, whereas Quintette only received wolf reductions, providing an opportunity to test efficacy between recovery actions. Between 1995 and 2021, we followed 162 collared female caribou for 414 animal‐years to estimate survival and used aerial counts to estimate population abundance and calf recruitment. We combined these data in an integrated population model to estimate female population growth, total population abundance, and recovery action effectiveness. Results suggest that the subpopulations were declining rapidly (λ = 0.90–0.93)before interventions and would have been functionally extirpated (<10 animals) within 10–15 years. Wolf reduction increased population growth rates by ~0.12 for each subpopulation. Wolf reduction halted the decline of Quintette caribou and allowed them to increase (λ = 1.05), but alone would have only stabilized the Klinse‐Za (λ = 1.02). However, maternity penning in the Klinse‐Za increased population growth by a further ~0.06, which when combined with wolf reductions, allowed populations to grow (λ = 1.08). Taken together, the recovery actions in these subpopulations increased adult female survival, calf recruitment, and overall population growth, more than doubling abundance. Our results suggest that maternity penning and wolf reductions can be effective at increasing caribou numbers in the short term, while long‐term commitments to habitat protection and restoration are made.