bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study to compare oral mifepristone and dinoprostone gel in induction of labour in primigravida
Authors: Neha B S  , Gomathy E  
Published: May 2022

Induction of labour is defined as the process of artificially stimulating the uterus to start labour. Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid hormone analogue that has both antiprogesterone and antiglucocorticoid activities. It increases the sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandins and facilitates labour. 2 Dinoprostone, is a naturally occurring prostagladin that is involved in promoting labour. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oral mifepristone with dinoprostone gel in induction of labour in primigravidas. To compare the safety and efficacy of oral mifepristone with dinoprostone gel in induction of labour at term. This was a hospital based prospective study conducted from August 2019 to January 2021.Group 1 involved primigravida who were given oral 200mg Mifepristone on an inpatient and primigravida in Group II were instilled with Dinoprostone gel 0.5mg without mifepristone ripening and further assessment were done in both groups. Progress of labour was seen and further augmentation done with oxytocin whenever required. Majority of the patients were between 39-41 weeks which shows almost equal distribution in both the group. It was observed that there was significant improvement in the Bishop’s score after administrating Mifepristone to the patients which was proved statistically significant (&#60;0.004). Most of the patients delivered vaginally and was observed that there was 28% reduction in LSCS in Group I which was highly significant with p value &#60; 0.004. We concluded that Mifepristone is a safe and efficient agent for cervical ripening and for initiation of labour in term patients as it causes improvement in bishops score and increase in vaginal delivery.
A clinicopathological spectrum of vulvar and vaginal lesions in a tertiary health care centre in North India: A five-year experience
Authors: Ahmed Saqib , Siddique Bushra , Jamal Yusra 
Published: May 2022

Spectrum of lesions occur on the vulvar/vaginal regions ranging from non-neoplastic to precursor lesions to malignancy, however, these lesions presents with non-specific symptoms due to which they get unnoticed and progress. An early histopathologic examination is of paramount importance for a rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Thus this study was done to study the clinicopathological spectrum of vulval and vaginal lesions with an emphasis on precursor and malignant lesions. Present study was a five-year retrospective study including all the vulval and vaginal specimens that were sent for histopathological examination. A total of 66 cases were studied ranging from non-neoplastic to malignant lesions. Maximum cases were found in the fourth decade. The most common presenting complaints were found to be ulcers, pain and nodular growth. Amongst the non-neoplastic lesions, Bartholin cyst (12.1%) was the most common lesion. Vulval/vaginal intraepithelial Neoplasia II was found to have a slightly more occurrence than VIN I and III. Neoplastic lesions formed the bulk of cases with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (18.2%) being the most common diagnosis. Early identification and histopathological diagnosis are essential for recognization and its further categorization to initiate an early and proper treatment.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of women towards abnormal menstrual bleeding and its impact on quality of life of women in tribal region of central India
Authors: Joshi Vedashree , Bagga Garima Arora , Ragubathy Kaushik 
Published: May 2022

Abnormal Menstrual Bleeding (AMB) is a common gynaecological complaint. AMB has been studied pathologically and anatomically but in recent years, its effects on various aspects of women’s life has been emphasized. AMB has an effect on women’s quality of life (QoL) and it varies woman to woman. Hence it is necessary to know different views of women regarding AMB to provide them with proper care and guidance. To assess Knowledge and behaviour of women towards AMB and its impact on various aspects of their lives. This study is cross sectional descriptive study among women of reproductive age group attending OPD of OBGY department of medical college of tribal region of central India. Participants were given written questionnaires and their responses were recorded. Research highlights significant problems that are faced by the women with AMB, most common of them is pain which incapacitates the ability of these women to perform their daily work. Study also highlights the knowledge of women regarding AMB and its consequences. Study shows that women in this area are less understanding about the seriousness of treatment. Study provides recent and reliable information about knowledge, attitude and practices among women having AMB. Less understanding of the seriousness of treatment reflects that there is a need to provide health and reproductive education among peripherals for improvement of QoL here.
COVID-RDNet: A novel coronavirus pneumonia classification model by the mixed dataset
Authors: Fang Lingling , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the diversity and complexity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medical imaging plays an increasingly important role. The CT images have good timeliness and positive sensitivity, but the price is relatively expensive. Conversely, X-ray images have the characteristics of fast imaging speed and less radiation damage to the human body. To ensure the authenticity and effectiveness of the proposed network in detecting negative and positive COVID-19, a mixed dataset is created through public X-ray and CT images. To solve the problem of feature similarity between the lung diseases and the COVID-19, the extracted features are enhanced by an adaptive region enhancement algorithm. Besides, the depth network based on the residual blocks and the Dense blocks is trained and tested. The residual blocks effectively improve the accuracy of the model and the non-linear COVID-19 features are obtained by cross-layer link. The Dense blocks effectively improve the robustness of the model by connecting local and abstract information. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, AUC, and accuracy can reach 0.99 on the mixed X-ray and CT dataset. The proposed COVID-RDNet model has good negative and positive COVID-19 classification performance, which can assist doctors to judge the infection status of patients.
Correlation between dimensions of brain metastases and therapeutic results after stereotactic radiosurgery.
Authors: Neto Eliseu Becco , Bastos Dhiego Chaves de Almeida , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Filho Francisco de Assis de Souza , de Souza Rodrigo Becco , Prabhu Sujit S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective therapeutic method to treat brain metastases (BM). A current debate considers BM dimension as an important issue regarding SRS therapeutic result. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional progression of BM after SRS and identify factors related to patients and BM leading to local recurrence.METHODS: Patients eligible for this study were those with BM from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had been consecutively treated with SRS in 2010-2015. The dimensions of BM were measured by volume and greater diameter by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in T1-weighted contrast weighting using the Elements software (Brainlab). Dimensional data of BM were collected before the performance of SRS and after performing them during the follow-up of outpatients. After identifying the dimensions of BM in time progression, lesions that presented therapeutic success (reduction of BM dimensions) and local recurrence (growth of BM after SRS) were identified. Next, statistical evaluations were performed by statistical analysis at 12 months, considering epidemiological features presented by patients as well as topographic characteristics and radiological aspects of BM. RESULTS: There was no correlation, after 12 months of the performance of SRS, between initial volume of BM and local recurrence. The results obtained identify a non-cystic BM, and brain left sided BM as elements related to higher progression free survival after 12 months of SRS.CONCLUSION: Considering therapeutics in patients presenting BM, the correlation between initial volume and failure within 12 months after SRS had no statistical significance, BM located on the right side of the brain showed therapeutic fail within 12 months after SRS. Longer time of observation may be useful to confirm such results.
A moonlighting protein secreted by a nasal microbiome fortifies the innate host defense against bacterial and viral infections
Authors: Kim Gwanghee , Lee Yoojin , Lee Kang-Mu , You Jin Sun , Hwang Wontae , Hwang Jeewon , Kim Hwa Yong , Kim Jieun , Jo Ara , Park In Ho , Ali Mohammed , Kim Jongsun , Shin Jeon-Soo , Kwon Ho-Keun , Kim Hyun Jik , Yoon Sang Sun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that the human respiratory tract, as with the gastrointestinal tract, has evolved to its current state in association with commensal microbes. However, little is known as how the airway microbiome affected airway immune development. Here, we uncover a previously unidentified mode of interaction between host airway immunity and a unique strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a predominant species of the nasal microbiome. Results: Intranasal inoculation of S. epidermidis AIT01 accompanied the active recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes into mouse lungs on the murine model. The recruitment of the immune cells resulted in the complete protection of the murine host against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. Interestingly, an AIT01-secreted protein identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a well-known bacterial moonlighting protein, mediated this protective effect. Intranasal delivery of the purified protein conferred significant resistance against other additional airway infections of Gram-negative pathogens or influenza A virus. Moreover, single cell RNA-seq analysis using mouse lung cells revealed that transcription of genes involved in cytokine production, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and immune cell migration was considerably upregulated in neutrophils and monocytes in response to the treatment with the protein. Conclusions: Our results illustrate how an indigenous nasal microbe and its secretory protein can extensively instigate an innate immune defense. We also suggest a promising prophylactic option for airway infections in the era of global pandemics. Keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis, human nasal microbiome, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), innate immune defense
Improvement of Heterogeneous AdaBoost Algorithm by Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: far zahra rahimi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to its various uses in different areas, machine learning has become one of the most popular fields of artificial intelligence. It can be certainly said that data classification by trained machine vision algorithms is currently used as a model in most of software types. It is obvious that the variety of methods for modeling the samples leads to different percentages of accurate detection in the data of a shared dataset. The higher is this percentage, the more valid will be the proposed method. The output of classification algorithms may cause a large extent of interference in detection. This interference can be due to the noisy data or the samples that are less frequently observed in data training phase. To boost the output of this method, we use meta-heuristic algorithms that boost the improperly-classified samples by determining the error level in predetermined assumptions. One of these methods is AdaBoost that is characterized by the major deficiency of lack of noise sensitivity and overfitting. Based on the proposed method, we can decrease the noise sensitivity and improve the overfitting problem in less frequent data by using the ant colony optimization algorithm; so that the probability of improper classification of the outliers is significantly reduced.
GPX4 suppresses ferroptosis to promote malignant progression of endometrial carcinoma via transcriptional activation by ELK1
Authors: Wei Sitian , Yu Zhicheng , Shi Rui , An Lanfen , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qian , Zhang Tangansu , Zhang Jun , Wang Hongbo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundGlutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key protein that inhibits ferroptosis. However, its biological regulation and mechanism in endometrial cancer (EC) have not been reported in detail. MethodsThe expression of GPX4 in EC tissues was determined by TCGA databases, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of GPX4 on EC cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis were studied in vivo and in vitro. In addition, ETS Transcription Factor ELK1 (ELK1) was identified by bioinformatics methods, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between ELK1 and GPX4 expression. ResultsThe expression of GPX4 was significantly up-regulated in EC tissues and cell lines. Silencing GPX4 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration ability, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle of Ishikawa and KLE cells. Knockdown of GPX4 accumulated intracellular ferrous iron and ROS, disrupted MMP, and increased MDA levels. The xenograft tumor model also showed that GPX4 knockdown markedly reduced tumor growth in mice. Mechanically, ELK1 could bind to the promoter of GPX4 to promote its transcription. In addition, the expression of ELK1 in EC was positively correlated with GPX4. Rescue experiments confirmed that GPX4 knockdown could reverse the strengthens of cell proliferation and migration ability and the lower level of Fe2+ and MDA caused by upregulating ELK1. ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that ELK1 / GPX4 axis plays an important role in the progress of EC by promoting the malignant biological behavior and inducing ferroptosis of EC cells, which provides evidence for investigating the potential therapeutic strategies of endometrial cancer.
Assessment of the Exposure to Selected Smoke Constituents in Adult Smokers Using In-market Heated Tobacco Products: A Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Yuki Dai , Kikuchi Akira , Suzuki Takuya , Sakaguchi Chikako , Huangfu Danting , Nagata Yasufumi , Kakehi Aoi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The objectives of this clinical study were to demonstrate a reduction in exposure to selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in Japanese healthy adult smokers who switched to four in-market heated tobacco products. Ninety smokers were randomly assigned for five days to one of four groups who switched to one of the commercially available heated tobacco products, a group who continued to smoke their own brand of combustible cigarettes (CC), or a group who stopped smoking (SS). Fifteen biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to 14 HPHCs and pyrene were measured at baseline, Day 3 and Day 5 under clinical confinement. Product consumption, nicotine uptake and subjective effects were also measured before and after product switching. On Day 5, significant reductions in most BoE relative to the CC group were observed after switching to heated tobacco products. No changes in BoE were observed between baseline and Day 5 in the CC group. Significantly, the magnitude of the reduction in exposure to most of the selected HPHCs observed in the heated tobacco product groups was close to that observed in the SS group.
Investigating the influence of institutions, politics, organizations, and governance on the COVID-19 response in British Columbia, Canada: A jurisdictional case study protocol
Authors: Brubacher Laura Jane , Hasan Md Zabir , Sri Veena , Keidar Shelly , Wu Austin , Cheng Michael , Lovato Chris Y , Berman Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:Research on public health responses to COVID-19 globally has largely focused on understanding the virus’ epidemiology, identifying interventions to curb transmission, and assessing the impact of interventions on outcomes. Only recently have studies begun to situate their findings within the institutional, political, or organizational contexts of jurisdictions. Within British Columbia (BC), Canada, the COVID-19 response in early 2020 was deemed highly coordinated and effective overall; however, little is understood as to how these ‘upstream’ factors influenced policy decisions.Methods:Using a conceptual framework we developed, we are conducting a multidisciplinary jurisdictional case study to explore the influence of institutional (I), political (P), organizational (O), and governance (G) factors on BC’s COVID-19 public health response in 2020-2021. A document review (e.g. policy documents, media reports) is being used to: (1) characterize relevant institutional and political factors in BC; (2) identify key policy decisions in BC’s epidemic progression; (3) create an organizational map of BC’s public health system structure; and (4) identify key informants for interviews. Quantitative data (e.g. COVID-19 case, hospitalization, death counts) from publicly accessible sources will be used to construct BC’s epidemic curve. Key informant interviews (n = 15-20) will explore governance processes in the COVID-19 response and triangulate data from prior procedures. Qualitative data will be analyzed using a hybrid deductive-inductive coding approach and framework analysis. By integrating all of the data streams, our aim is to explore decision-making processes, identify how IPOG factors influenced policy decisions, and underscore implications for decision-making in public health crises in the BC context, and elsewhere. Knowledge users within the jurisdiction will be consulted to construct recommendations for future planning and preparedness.Discussion:As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, governments have initiated ‘post-mortem’ examinations of their policies to identify lessons learned. Our conceptual framework articulates how interrelations between IPOG contextual factors might be applied to such analysis. Through this jurisdictional case study, we aim to contribute findings to strengthen governmental responses and improve preparedness for future health crises. This protocol can be adapted to and applied in other jurisdictions, across sub-national jurisdictions, and internationally.
Widespread sampling bias in atmospheric data
Authors: Kowalski Andrew , Ojeda Matilde García-Valdecasas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Air’s compressibility practically precludes unbiased atmospheric sampling because warmer air, occupying more specific volume at equal pressure, is more likely to be measured. Weighted statistics are required to compensate for the effects of sampling bias on statistical moments of state and flow variables. These effects occur from the microscale to the global scale, at which uncorrected sampling bias causes underestimation of both global warming and its statistical certainty.
The association of chronotype, sleep duration and trajectories of health-risk behaviors among college students: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Chenfang , Tao Shuman , Li Tingting , Xie Yang , Wu Xiaoyan , Tao Fangbiao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the trajectories of health-risk behaviors (HRBs) among college students through four consecutive surveys and explore the relationship between chronotype, sleep duration and different trajectories of HRBs.Methods: We used a data sample of 1,042 college students from the College Student Behavior and Health Cohort Study. Students reported sleep parameters, including chronotype (Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5, MEQ-5) and sleep duration. The behavior scale was used to evaluate four HRBs (smoking, alcohol use, low physical activity, smartphone addiction). The latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to estimate the trajectory of self-reported HRBs. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to study whether sleep parameters (chronotype and sleep duration) correlated with HRBs' trajectories.Results: Four unique trajectories of behaviors were identified: unhealthy group (7.4%), increasing group (21.3%), decreasing group (10.3%) and healthy group (61.0%). Compared with the normal sleep, results from logistic regression analyses indicated that long sleep (>9 h) was associated with the decreasing group and the unhealthy group(p<0.05), while short sleep (<7 h) was associated with the increasing group and the unhealthy group(p<0.05). Compared with the M-types, the E-types were positively correlated with the unhealthy group, the increasing group, and the decreasing group (p<0.05).Conclusion: E-types and aberrant sleep duration (short and long sleep duration) were significantly associated with the trajectory of HRBs. Findings underscore the need for targeted screening and prevention of modifiable sleep behaviors with the aim of improving HRBs in college students.
Factors predicting the duration required to control infection in pyogenic spondylitis: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Takahashi Takuya , Inose Hiroyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Hirai Takashi , Matsukura Yu , Egawa Satoru , Kobayashi Yutaka , Utagawa Kurando , Hashimoto Jun , Takahashi Kunihiko , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTreatment for pyogenic spondylitis tends to be prolonged in controlling the infection; however, few reports have examined the factors associated with the duration required to control infection. We analyzed a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent surgery for pyogenic spondylitis to identify predictors associated with the duration required to control infection in pyogenic spondylitis.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study. We investigated 60 patients who underwent surgery for pyogenic spondylitis in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital in Japan. We evaluated the significance of various factors on predicting the duration required to control infection in pyogenic spondylitis using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsUnivariate Cox regression analysis showed that body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), modified Glasgow prognostic score, CRP-albumin ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Kulowski classification, magnetic resonance imaging stage, number of infected vertebral bodies, and psoas abscess were significantly associated with the duration required to control infection. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a longer duration from the first visit to the operation, higher CRP levels, and more infected vertebral bodies were independent factors associated with the duration required to control an infection. The cutoff value for CRP in predicting prolonged control of infection was 7.87 and the number of vertebrae was 3.ConclusionsWe found that a long duration from the first visit to the operation, a high CRP level, and multiple infected vertebral bodies were significantly associated with the longer duration required to control an infection in pyogenic spondylitis. These findings could help in identifying patients who pose a higher risk of requiring a prolonged period to control the infection in pyogenic spondylitis.