bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY PSYCHOACOUSTIC INVESTIGATION OF THE SIAM PROCEDURE TO MEASURE FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE LIMENS
Authors: Weaver Aurora , DiGiovanni Jeffrey , Edwards Ryleigh , Lynch Erin , Ries Dennis , Vinson Hayes , Cannon Anne Rankin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe study investigated the cause of varying estimates of frequency difference limens (DLs) in delayed comparison tasks involving pitch retention in auditory working memory (AWM). Using procedures adapted from the method of constant stimuli (MCS) and the single-interval adjustment matrix (SIAM), we sought to determine via 3 experiments whether the disparity in frequency DLs obtained using each procedure was due to the method of measurement (Experiment 1), the response format (Experiment 2), or performance feedback (Experiment 3).Material and methodsFive adults (ages 21 to 38 years) with hearing within normal limits participated in Experiments 1 and 2, and seven adults (ages 20 to 30 years) with hearing within normal limits participated in Experiment 3. Delayed comparison tasks were used to evaluate frequency DLs under SIAM and MCS.ResultsOur preliminary results suggest that DL values for pitch discrimination are more influenced by response format than by the measurement procedure or performance feedback. Regardless of the method used, DL values were greater in the condition containing intervening stimuli compared to the condition lacking intervening stimuli.ConclusionsPreliminary findings suggest there is consistency in the listener’s adopted criterion (i.e., judgment rationale) across the psychoacoustic methods investigated. Performance measures suggest that SIAM is as accurate as MCS, but it is noteworthy that two SIAM measurement runs using the "same/different" response format is more efficient than four runs with MCS. Future application of the SIAM procedure for measuring DL values might, with larger sample sizes, identify additional factors that contribute to performance and the listener’s adopted criterion, since data collection time is appreciably shorter with SIAM.
Strategies to Reduce Occupational Fraud in Small Restaurants
Authors: Ortiz-García Angel 
Published: March 2022

Occupational fraud is a growing business risk that is causing greater financial losses in small businesses than large businesses. Business owners lose approximately 5% of their revenues due to occupational fraud. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies used by some business owners of small restaurants to reduce occupational fraud. The fraud triangle theory was the conceptual framework for this study. Three small restaurant owners from Puerto Rico participated in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews to reveal their successful strategies to minimize fraud. The data collection process also included business documents and researcher observations that assisted in establishing methodological triangulation. Using Yin’s 5-step process, data were coded and analyzed to identify emergent themes. The primary emergent themes obtained from data analysis revealed that owner monitoring, analytical procedures, and segregation of duties are effective strategies to minimize employee fraud. Participants revealed that implementing these strategies may reduce organizational losses associated with the fraud. The findings of this study may contribute to social change by reducing fraud activities, business failures, unemployment level, and criminality rate while promoting trust between community members and their institutions.
A study showing a correlation between the effect of treadmill and ergometer on VOmax in athlete
Authors: Kanvinde Mrunalini R , Nalgirkar Vivek V 
Published: March 2022

The goal of this study was to correlate the effect of the treadmill and ergometer on V̇O through Bruce protocol and Mosso’s ergographDepending on the need for oxygen to tissues V̇O increases as a subject does treadmill from moderate to maximal. As exercise intensity increases so does oxygen consumption reaches the point where exercise intensity can continue to increase without the associated rise in oxygen consumption. As endurance training results in central and peripheral adaptations that markedly improve an individual's ability to perform physical work, athletes are thus commonly assumed to be able to tolerate many kinds of physiological stressors better than non-athletes. After getting approval from a medical ethics committee, data collection was done at the Stress test lab. at Nerul, Navi Mumbai by keeping some inclusive and exclusive criteria. After taking permission from the medical ethics committee. 40 athletes were asked to do treadmill as well as hand ergometer with a proper duration of exercise for 2 weeks and their V̇O were assessed by using specific formulae for treadmill and hand ergometer. For the treadmill, a protocol used was Bruce protocol while for the hand ergometer, the ergograph was used as Mosso's ergograph. For comparison and proper results, 40 non-athlete were asked to do treadmill and hand ergometer. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired T-test. In athletes,a good correlation was between the effect of treadmill and ergometer on V̇O(P&#62;0.001) an athlete as compared to non-athletes (P&#62;0.001) after estimating V̇O. V̇Owas found to be much more increased in athletes as well as non-athletes performing treadmill than athletes as well as non-athletes performing hand ergometry (P&#62;0.001). It was concluded V̇O is found to be much more increased during treadmill than ergometer in athletes as compared to non-athletes.
Comparison of the level of lipid peroxidative marker and antioxidants between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women
Authors: Sogani Sonal , Jain Suman 
Published: March 2022

Preeclampsia is a complex multisystem disorder that is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria which is exclusively seen in human species. This disorder is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is seen that placental oxidative stress is involved in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. This oxidative stress induces endothelial cell injury which in turn causes lipid peroxidation. Although the lipid peroxidation is counteracted by the action of several antioxidants.The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in the level of lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants in preeclamptic pregnant women that may contribute to the pathogenesis in preeclampsia. Fifty (50) pregnant women clinically diagnosed as preeclampsia were taken as subjects and an equal number of age matched, parity matched and gestation age matched healthy normotensive pregnant women were taken as controls for the study. This is the case-control hospital based study carried in the Department of Biochemistry, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Umarda, Udaipur (Raj.).Blood samples collected were estimated for Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) using standard spectrophotometric method and Vitamin C and Uric acid using standard colorimetric method. Comparison between both the groups was done by Student’s t-test.The levels of MDA and uric acid were significantly elevated (p&#60;0.001), and the levels of Vitamin C and SOD were significantly decreased (p&#60;0.001) in preeclamptic pregnant women as compared to the normotensive pregnant women.The results of our study concluded that the increased levels of lipid peroxidation product (MDA) and depletion of antioxidant such as Vitamin C and SOD except uric acid in preeclamptic women may suggest that oxidative stress plays a key role in inducing oxidative stress and expression of preeclampsia.
Contribution a la Securisation Fonciere en Milieu Rural Camerounais: Le cas de la Commune de Koutaba (Ouest-Cameroun)
Authors: Chindji Mediebou 
Published: March 2022

Ce travail se propose d’analyser la sécurisation foncière rurale dans la Commune de Koutaba à l’Ouest-Cameroun. La croissance démographique et les mutations socio-agricoles placent les ressources foncières au centre des enjeux socio-économiques pour la survie de ceux qui vivent du travail de la terre. C’est dans ce contexte qu’il se pose le problème de la sécurisation des terres à des fins d’exploitation économique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les enjeux de la sécurisation des terres rurales dans la Commune de Koutaba. La méthodologie appliquée dans ce cas est centrée autour de la revue des littératures existante, les observations de terrain et les interviews menées auprès des institutions en charge des questions foncières et agricoles. Les principaux résultats de cette étude indiquent que: (1) la recherche de la paix sociale et la mise en place des investissements agricoles sont les véritables enjeux de la sécurisation foncière; (2) la sécurisation foncière est une solution pour rentabiliser les investissements agricoles; (3) de nombreuses entraves institutionnelles et socio-économiques entravent le processus de la sécurisation foncière rurale. Des réformes multiformes sont nécessaires pour rendre la sécurisation foncière plus durable et limiter les conflits fonciers qui sont néfastes pour la paix sociale.

This paper focuses on analyzing the rural land tenure security in the Koutaba municipality in West Cameroon. Demographic growth and socioagricultural changes place land resources at the center of socio-economic issues for the survival of those who live off the land. It is in this context that the problem of securing land for economic exploitation arises. The objective of this study is to analyze the challenges of securing rural land in the municipality of Koutaba. The methodology applied in this case is centered around the review of existing literature, field observations, and interviews, which was conducted with institutions in charge of land and agricultural development. The main results of this study indicate the following: (1) the search for social peace and the implementation of agricultural investments are the real issues of land tenure security; (2) land tenure security is a solution to make agricultural investments profitable; (3) numerous institutional and socioeconomic obstacles hinder the process of rural land tenure security. Multifaceted reforms are therefore necessary to make land tenure security more sustainable and to limit land conflicts that are harmful to social peace.
Publiczne prawa podmiotowe jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Kisielowska Marta 
Published: March 2022

Tadeusz Bigo w swojej publikacji Związki publiczno-prawne w świetle ustawodawstwa polskiego dokonał analizy pojęcia samorządu terytorialnego, a przede wszystkim relacji państwa względem samorządu. W pracy poruszył niezwykle ważne zagadnienie możliwości przysługiwania jednostkom samorządu terytorialnego publicznych praw podmiotowych. W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy poglądów T. Bigi na tle obowiązujących uregulowań prawnych oraz stanowiska współczesnej doktryny.
Gmina wyznaniowa w świetle koncepcji Tadeusza Bigi
Authors: Korczak Jerzy 
Published: March 2022

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie statusu prawnego gmin wyznaniowych w świetle przepisów prawa przełomu wieków XIX i XX oraz okresu II Rzeczypospolitej. Jego celem jest ustalenie, czy status ten odpowiada założeniom koncepcji Tadeusza Bigi zaliczenia gmin wyznaniowych do kategorii pojęciowej związków publicznoprawnych.
Związek metropolitalny jako organizator publicznego transportu zbiorowego
Authors: Mielczarek-Mikołajów Justyna 
Published: March 2022

Tadeusz Bigo jest przedstawiany w literaturze przede wszystkim jako autor teorii samorządu terytorialnego i koncepcji związków publicznoprawnych. W tym kontekście powstaje pytanie, czy konstrukcja związku publicznoprawnego może być pomocna przy badaniu innych konstrukcji prawnych, na przykład związku metropolitalnego. Obecnie w Polsce toczy się spór dotyczący charakteru prawnego związku metropolitalnego. Jedyny przykład funkcjonowania takiego podmiotu w naszym kraju stanowi związek metropolitalny województwa śląskiego. Analiza dokonana w ramach niniejszego artykułu będzie dotyczyć przede wszystkim wykonywania zadań w zakresie zbiorowego transportu publicznego na terenie metropolii śląskiej.
Związek publicznoprawny jako prawno-ustrojowa forma organizacji zbiorowości
Authors: Niżnik-Dobosz Iwona , Niżnik-Mucha Agata 
Published: March 2022

Autorki uzasadniają przydatność pojęcia związku publicznoprawnego dla rozważań prawnych prowadzonych w obrębie wspólnotowych (korporacyjnych) elementów w pojęciu demokratycznego państwa prawnego, analizowania wielopodmiotowości w obszarze wykonywania administracji publicznej, gdzie państwo występuje jako podstawowy związek publicznoprawny, a także w sferze zdecentralizowanej inne pochodne od niego (tworzone przez nie) związki publicznoprawne. Pojęcie to pozwala zarazem zróżnicować pozostałe podmioty tej administracji publicznej posiadające atrybuty osoby prawa publicznego, ale niebędące związkiem publicznoprawnym. Inspiracją dla przygotowanego tekstu jest dorobek prof. Tadeusza Bigi.
Jednostka budżetowa na Ukrainie: określenie stanu prawnego na podstawie połączenia aspektów prawa finansowego i prawa handlowego
Authors: Ilnytskyi Oleh 
Published: March 2022

Artykuł przedstawia badanie normatywnej definicji „jednostki budżetowej” i na podstawie analizy podanych w przepisach cech proponuje jej uzupełnienie i doprecyzowanie. Zasadnicza treść cechy instytucjonalnej jest prezentowana poprzez definicję jednostki budżetowej jako podmiotu prawa publicznego, co pozwala na ustalenie specyfiki trybu tworzenia, stosunków korporacyjnych, reżimu własności w działalności jako podmiotów gospodarczych na Ukrainie. Cecha finansowo-zabezpieczeniowa i cecha finansowo-wynikowa pozwalają określić miejsce jednostki budżetowej w systemie budżetowym, kształtując charakterystykę współzależności ze scentralizowanym publicznym funduszem środków pieniężnych — budżetem. Wykorzystane zostało doktrynalne podejście do klasyfikacji jednostek budżetowych.
Органы местного самоуправления в системе публичной власти: опыт Польши и России
Authors: Kozbanenko Viktor A. 
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматриваются разноаспектные проблемы организации и деятельности органов местного самоуправления в системе органов публичной власти. Проанализированы основные положения теорий местного самоуправления, оказавших влияние на формирование законодательства об органах местного самоуправления в Польше и России. С учетом обобщения научных взглядов Т. Биго в сопоставительном ключе приведены положения из польского опыта и российской практики о правовых формах публично-правовых образований в сфере государственного и муниципального управления. Приведены конституционно-правовые новеллы о единстве системы органов публичной власти, воплощенные в российском учредительном акте новейшего времени. На основе компаративистских аналогий опыта организации и взаимодействия государственного и муниципального уровней публичной власти в Польше и России обозначены наиболее значимые направления и формы их правовой регламентации.
A Note on Filopaludina martensi martensi (Frauenfeld, 1865) Artificial Breeding Conditions
Authors: Hristov Kroum Kroumov 
Published: March 2022

Highlight ResearchLong-term maintenance of Filopaludina martensi martensi in artificial conditions (local tap-water and food).Observation of breeding behaviour of F. m. martensi.Observation of birth and development of the juveniles. AbstractFilopaludina martensi martensi Frauenfeld 1865 is an aquatic Viviparidae gastropod found in Thailand, and throughout Southeast Asia. It is popular in the local cousin, a vector of food-borne trematode infections, and used as a bio-indicator of heavy metal contamination, bio-control agent against Bithynia siamensis Lea 1856, and a way to reduce the total organic matter content from faeces and feed residue during Clarias sp. catfish and Nile tilapia aquaculture. The study aims to establish a protocol for breeding F. m. martensi snails in artificial conditions. The snails were maintained in laboratory conditions. The animals gave birth (3 - 4 juveniles) every month. Inflatable, for several hours after the birth, transparent lightly bluish (5 - 6 mm in diameter) spheres are released in which the fully mature juvenile moves, and leaves several hours later after the sphere breaks. All juveniles studied here die after 2 - 3 months failing to grow into a reproductive adults. F. m. martensi is an attractive animal that regardless of the current difficulties to maintain and grow its juveniles may be popularised in the ornamental fish trade, and a possible laboratory model animal.
Gas Migration in PMCD Operations: Influence of Mud Type and Properties
Authors: Samdani Ganesh Arunkumar , Rao Sai Sashankh , Gupta Vishwas Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) is commonly used in carbonate formations with massive lost returns. However, gas migration during PMCD is not well-understood and therefore estimates of gas migration rate are very conservative. In this paper, a dynamic well control simulator is used to study wellbore-scale gas migration dynamics during a PMCD process. The simulator is further used to understand the effects of mud type and mud properties on gas migration. It is observed that, the large gas bubbles break into a swarm of smaller bubbles under typical field downhole conditions. The resulting gas swarm migrates at ~0.7 ft/s in water and the migration velocity reduces by ~50% to ~0.4 ft/s in water-based mud (WBM) with oil/surfactant. For synthetic-based mud (SBM), the gas migration rate reduces to ~12-15% of that in water to ~0.1 ft/s as the reservoir gas dissolves in SBM. These results do not include the effect of gas holdup on gas velocity which would further reduce the gas migration velocity during PMCD. This work is pioneering because it provides a deeper understanding of the length-scale dependent multiphase-flow dynamics during gas migration that is being revealed for the first time. This understanding is further used to provide a reliable method to estimate gas migration rates for a given set of fluid properties and operational conditions. The study also shows that a significantly low gas migration rate can be achieved by using a mud with high gas-solubility, reducing surface tension and lowering mud viscosity. These findings can be used to reduce fluid costs and logistics, and to improve planning of PMCD applications.
Real-Time Drilling Bit Fault and Symptom Diagnosis During Operation Based on Cutter Force Modeling of PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits
Authors: Gomar Mostafa , Elahifar Behzad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wired drillpipe with along string measurement sensors is a key to drilling events prediction. An interesting objective during drilling operations is real-time assessment of the drill bit to determine an acceptable time to stop drilling and change the drill bit. In addition, dynamic modeling of the drillstring requires the calculation of forces at the bit. A novel approach to deal with this challenge involved experiments and the evaluation of the forces on the cutters based on their geometrical characteristics, rock, and drilling parameters.
In this research two empirical correlations were developed based on the experimental data from numerous works to evaluate normal and contact forces on polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters. More than 700 data points were collected and utilized to investigate the influence of parameters such as differential pressure, cutter size, cut depth, cutter wear state, rock drillability, and back rake angle on the normal and contact forces on cutters. Machine learning techniques such as deep learning, nonlinear regression approaches, and genetic algorithms were implemented to fit nonlinear equations to data points.
The outcome of this research (cutter-force equations) could be utilized to determine normal, lateral, and tangential forces on PDC cutters as inputs and constraints to model drillstring dynamics. Besides, the models could be adopted as a measure to assess bit conditions in real-time drilling and predict drilling events and issues related to the bit and mitigate drawbacks before they occur.
All available correlations and equations concerning cutter-rock interaction only consider one or two parameters or are just applicable under atmospheric conditions. The novelty of this research revolves around developing thorough cutter-force models to include all design and operational parameters under real differential fluid pressure.
HFTO Solved: Proven Mitigation of High Frequency Torsional Oscillations in Motor-Assisted Rotary Steerable Applications
Authors: Wilson J. K. , Heisig G. , Freyer C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High frequency torsional oscillation (HFTO) has gained considerable attention over the past several years due, in large part, to the continued use of motor-assisted Rotary-Steerable Systems. The consequences of such vibration events can be increased repair and maintenance costs, noisy measurements, and/or premature failures. While there are commercial tools available that can provide some relief to the symptoms of HFTO, data gathered thus far does not point to a consistent, reliable, and cost-effective solution to the problem. In light of current HFTO mitigation limitations, a new solution has been developed that shows promise in limiting the HFTO response in the BHA, if not removing it entirely. This new mitigation component is integrated directly into a Rotary-Steerable System. As a result, there are no requirements for additional tooling, connections, or special handling to mitigate these vibrations.
The development of the presented method for mitigating HFTO stems from several years of gathering, and thoroughly analyzing, downhole data captured in a rotary-steerable system run below mud motors. A method for detecting HFTO in real-time is also presented, and the frequency and vibrational pattern of this dynamic phenomenon is confirmed in post-well reviews of high frequency data. Proprietary modeling is used to confirm that the measured frequencies seen downhole are associated with torsional resonant frequencies of the BHA, which is a defining characteristic of this particular vibration mode. A concept is developed for mitigating these types of downhole vibrations, based on the detailed understanding of the vibration characteristics, using a proven approach from outside the industry. Feasibility of this technology is confirmed through extensive vibration modeling. Prototype tools have been built and tested downhole in several US land basins over the past year. The positive results seen during initial field-testing has led to the new HFTO mitigation tool now being a standard technology for motor-assist RSS applications.
Results have shown a consistent reduction in HFTO vibration, both in terms of amplitude and duration. Amplitude reductions between 50-100% have been observed routinely, which has led to a measureable increase in reliability and longevity of components being run below a mud motor. Based on how the mitigation tool is set up, a greater or lesser damping effect is seen in the measured HFTO response. This suggests the mitigation tool can be adjusted for targeted damping in certain scenarios, and may have a benefit in more than just rotary-steerable applications.