bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal ontogeny of the Plainfin Midshipman, Porichthys notatus (Percomorphacea: Batrachoidiformes)
Authors: Vaz Diego F. B. , Hilton Eric J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBatrachoidiformes are benthic fishes that utilize the undersides of rocks as spawning nests. Their larvae are attached to the nest and nourished by a large yolk sac. The evolutionary shift from feeding, free‐swimming larvae to sedentary larvae that are reliant on their yolk sac for nutrition can lead to changes in skeletal development. Batrachoidiformes also have many morphological specializations, such as five pectoral‐fin radials (versus four in other acanthomorphs) that are of uncertain homology, the determination of which may have phylogenetic implications. A larval series of Porichthys notatus was collected and its skeletal ontogeny is described. In P. notatus the ossification of the pharyngeal toothplates occurs relatively later than in percomorphs with free‐swimming larvae. The posterior basibranchial copula cartilage (= fourth basibranchial) in Porichthys notatus has a unique development among fishes: it initially develops as a paired element at 6.8–7.1 mm NL before fusing posteriorly and forming single median cartilage at 7.4 mm SL. Cartilages of hypobranchial four are transitory, being observed in two specimens of 6.8 and 7.3 mm NL before fusing with ceratobranchial four. The previously identified dorsalmost pectoral radial is a bone formed by a hypertrophied propterygium that ossifies later in development. The earliest stages of P. notatus have three dorsal spines, but during late larval development, the growth of the third dorsal spine is interrupted. The development of P. notatus is compared and discussed in context to that of other acanthomorph.
Evaluation of the feasibility of human papillomavirus sponge‐type self‐sampling device at Japanese colposcopy clinics
Authors: Ozawa Nobuyoshi , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Hareyama Hitoshi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Satoh Michihiro , Metoki Hirohito , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimSelf‐sampling human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been introduced for cervical cancer screening worldwide. In Japan, there are two types (brush and sponge) of HPV self‐sampling devices. However, the recommended type for cervical cancer screening remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the HPV self‐sampling device–sponge type (HSD‐ST). Additionally, we aimed to examine the positive rate (sensitivity) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse using the HSD‐ST. Finally, we aimed to perform a questionnaire survey regarding the usability of the HSD‐ST.MethodsWe included 165 women who underwent HPV testing at one of three gynecologic clinics. First, the women used the HSD‐ST and completed a questionnaire regarding its usability. Subsequently, they underwent physician‐sampling HPV testing and cytology. We examined the agreement rate of HPV positivity between self‐ and physician‐sampling HPV testing.ResultsThe HPV‐positive rates of self‐ and physician‐collected samples were 59.4% and 62.4%, respectively, with an overall concordance rate of 88.5% and a calculated kappa coefficient of 0.76, indicating high concordance. Moreover, the positive (sensitivity) rates for CIN2 or worse were 81.4% and 89.8% in the self‐ and physician‐collected samples, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated the feasibility and usability of the HSD‐ST.
Effect of creep feeding with rice bran and temporary weaning on cow–calf performance
Authors: Fedrigo Jean K. , Santa Cruz Rodrigo , Da Silva Carlos , Báez Francisco , Viñoles Carolina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate if calves supplemented with rice bran in a creep feeding (CF) system associated with temporary weaning (TW) affects the performance of the cow–calf pair grazing natural grasslands during summer. Two experiments were performed using 275 cow–calf pairs of British breeds and their crosses of different parities (primiparous [n = 188] in Experiment 1 and multiparous [n = 87] in Experiment 2). In both experiments, the factors evaluated were: (1) supplementation of calves with rice bran using CF: yes (+CF) or no (−CF); (2) TW for 14 days using nose plates: yes (+TW) or no (−TW). Four experimental groups were formed in both experiments: −CF − TW, −CF + TW, +CF − TW and +CF + TW. TW decreased the average daily weight gain and live weight of calves independently of the age of their mothers. The use of CF decreased both of these parameters in calves born to primiparous cows, and there was no response in the case of calves born to multiparous cows. A greater proportion of primiparous cows that received +CF conceived in the first 21 days of mating (+CF − TW = 63.5% and +CF + TW = 50%) than the other groups. The final pregnancy rate was similar among groups in both experiments. In conclusion, TW decreased the average daily weight gain and weaning weight of calves. Supplementation of calves born to primiparous cows with rice bran decreased their daily weight gain during the period of TW and their weaning weight, but their dams were conceived earlier.
In vitro oral simulation based on soft contact: The importance of viscoelastic response of the upper jaw substitutes
Authors: Yu Shuaike , Zhong Min , Xu Wenhu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReal oral processing is the squeezing and shearing between two soft surfaces. The importance of soft palate surface cannot be ignored while focusing on tongue substitutes. Thus the effects of viscoelasticity, roughness of upper jaw substitutes, and fluid rheological properties on lubrication properties were explored by in vitro oral tribology experiments. Different palate substitutes significantly changed the friction curves of pure water, milk, and yogurt. The boundary friction coefficients of pure water and milk are higher under softer or smooth palate substitutes due to stronger viscoelastic responses of friction pairs. Their boundary friction coefficients are lowest at rigid upper jaw substitutes owing to smaller contact angles and deformation. However, the boundary friction coefficient of yogurt is lower owing to its high viscosity, low loss factor, and large particle size under soft friction pairs. In addition, it is highest at rigid palate friction pair because a smaller contact area reduces the entrainment of yogurt, resulting in poor lubricating performance.
Comparison of laser speckle contrast imaging with laser Doppler perfusion imaging for tissue perfusion measurement
Authors: Guven Goksel , Dijkstra Annemieke , Kuijper Tjallingius Martijn , Trommel Nicole , van Baar Margriet Elisabeth , Topeli Arzu , Ince Can , van der Vlies Cornelis Hendrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveLaser‐based tissue perfusion monitoring techniques have been increasingly used in animal and human research to assess blood flow. However, these techniques use arbitrary units, and knowledge about their comparability is scarce. This study aimed to model the relationship between laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI), for measuring tissue perfusion over a wide range of blood flux values.MethodsFifteen healthy volunteers (53% female, median age 29 [IQR 22–40] years) were enrolled in this study. We performed iontophoresis with sodium nitroprusside on the forearm to induce regional vasodilation to increase skin blood flux. Besides, a stepwise vascular occlusion was applied on the contralateral upper arm to reduce blood flux. Both techniques were compared using a linear mixed model analysis.ResultsBaseline blood flux values measured by LSCI were 33 ± 6.5 arbitrary unit (AU) (Coefficient of variation [CV] = 20%) and by LDPI 60 ± 11.5 AU (CV = 19%). At the end of the iontophoresis protocol, the regional blood flux increased to 724 ± 412% and 259 ± 87% of baseline measured by LDPI and LSCI, respectively. On the other hand, during the stepwise vascular occlusion test, the blood flux reduced to 212 ± 40% and 412 ± 177% of its baseline at LDPI and LSCI, respectively. A strong correlation was found between the LSCI and LDPI instruments at increased blood flux with respect to baseline skin blood flux; however, the correlation was weak at reduced blood flux with respect to baseline.DiscussionLSCI and LDPI instruments are highly linear for blood flux higher than baseline skin blood flux; however, the correlation decreased for blood flux lower than baseline. This study's findings could be a basis for using LSCI in specific patient populations, such as burn care.
Palestinian and Kurdish nationalism: Understanding the ‘politics of the possible’
Authors: Jensehaugen Jørgen , Tank Pinar 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis article compares the efforts of the Palestinians and the Kurds – the two largest stateless nations in the Middle East – to obtain recognition. While Kurdish movements are spread across four countries in the region – Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran, with specificities dependent on the historical context and relations with the particular host state – in this article we focus on the Syrian Kurds as a contrast to the Palestinians. This is because these two communities arrive at different end‐points in their national liberation projects despite sharing similar self‐determination aims. These differences provide an opportunity to analyse and comment on the factors which impact on self‐determination trajectories. The article examines the emancipatory potential of nationalism while simultaneously reflecting on the limitations imposed by regional dynamics and intra‐group tensions. We compare the constraints faced by these two groups as non‐state actors in a region shaped by the realpolitik of powerful states, recognizing that both of them – as transnational actors – in turn impact on these states as well.
Who needs control? A cultural perspective on the process of compensatory control
Authors: Gibbs W. Connor , Kim Heejung S. , Kay Aaron C. , Sherman David K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCompensatory control theory (CCT) provides a framework for understanding the mechanisms at play when one's personal control is challenged. The model suggests that believing the world is a structured and predictable place is fundamental, insofar as it provides the foundation upon which people can believe they are able to exert control over their environment and act agentically towards goals. Because of this, CCT suggests, when personal control is threatened people try to reaffirm the more foundational belief in structure/predictability in the world, so that they then have a strong foundation to reestablish feelings of personal control and pursue their goals. This review seeks to understand how the basic assumptions of these compensatory control processes unfold in different cultural contexts. Drawing on research and theorizing from cultural psychology, we propose that cultural models of self and agency, culturally prevalent modes of control, and culture‐specific motivations all have implications for compensatory control processes. Culture determines, in part, whether or not personal control deprivation is experienced as a threat to perceiving an orderly world, how/whether individuals respond to low personal control, and the function that responses to restore a sense of order in the world serve. A theoretical model of compensatory control processes across cultures is proposed that has implications for how people cope with a wide range of personal and societal events that potentially threaten their personal control.
Rhythms Synchronization Effects on Cognition during Listening to Quranic Recitation
Authors: Samhani Ismail , Reza Mohammed Faruque , Jusoh Mohd Hanifah , Juahir Hafizan 
Published: December 2022

Sound has rhythms that can interact with human brain rhythms. The interaction may improve human cognition through neuronal synchronization. However, research on the synchronization effects of listening to the Holy Quran remains elusive. This study aimed to learn the potential synchronous effects of Quranic listening in beta frequency through electroencephalographic oscillatory dataset. Subjects were listening to Fatihah Chapter, Arabic News and Rest in random sequence. Data were pre-processed followed by neuroimaging analysis using BESA Research 6.1. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) algorithm were applied to elucidate the significantly different EEG electrode channels compared to Rest and their clusters. Results showed that Beta rhythms synchronization with the Fatihah Chapter is associated with verbal fluency, academic performance, social interaction, inhibitory function, movement planning, self-motivation, self-management and reactivation of sensory features of memory trace as highly activated cluster, followed by working memory, language processing and decision making as medially activated cluster; and tune recognition and visual mental imagery as low activated neural circuits cluster during listening to the Fatihah Chapter.
Applications and Unusual Physical Properties of Synthetic Rubbers
Authors: Cole Otis D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with some of the applications and more or less unusual physical properties of several of the commercial rubber-like synthetic materials on the market or in advanced stages of development at the present time. The materials which are considered as “synthetic rubbers” fall into four classes: (a) Buna S types or copolymers of butadiene and styrene; (b) Buna N types, or copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile; (c) Neoprenes, or polychloroprenes, or copolymers of chloroprene with other materials; and (d) Butyl rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene and butadiene. The Thiokols or organic polysulphide polymers might be included among the “synthetic rubbers” by some, but, although they appear to be vulcanizable, their thermoplasticity makes them useful only to a limited degree in places where elasticity and other rubber-like properties at higher temperatures are desired. Details concerning Buna S type polymer, adopted by the Rubber Reserve Company for use in tires and as a general-purpose rubber, are discussed. Some interesting data on the efficiencies of various synthetic rubber compounds as compared to those of natural rubber compounds at high and low temperatures are shown. Data are also given which indicate that the proper choice of plasticizer is important for compounds to be used for oil-resistant gaskets, sealing rings, and the like.
Metal Cutting With Abrasive Wheels
Authors: Heinz W. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The analytical investigation herewith reported was undertaken in order to determine whether or not the manner in which an abrasive cutoff wheel is operated might have an important effect upon the amount of service obtainable during the life of each wheel; and whether or not the maximum possible cutting rate might also be subject to improvement by better methods of operation. The geometrical relationships involved in cutting round stock have been determined, with the stock rigidly clamped and with the stock rotating in each direction relative to the wheel rotation. Based on the geometry of the several conditions, some predictions have been made as to the advantages which might be gained by a well-organized experimental program.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Resistances in Ljungstrom Regenerative-Type Air Preheaters
Authors: Karlsson Hilmer , Holm Sven 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper includes a review of the experiments and studies on the heat transfer and pressure drops in Ljungstrom regenerative-type air preheaters, as carried out some time ago by the Ljungstrom Steam Turbine Company in Sweden (1). It also includes some theoretical investigations reported in the European technical press, as well as results of tests carried out at the Wellsville, N. Y., plant of the Air Preheater Corporation, on pressure drops across different types of heating surface. Partial results of the tests made in Sweden have been published in the European press and during the World Power Conference in Tokio in 1929 (2). Although this review covers particularly theories and tests underlying the principle of the Ljungstrom type of continuous regenerative air preheater, these theories can also be applied to other regenerative types of air preheaters. Regenerative air preheaters are either of the intermittent or the continuous type.
Combined Firing of Coal and Natural Gas on Stoker-Fired Units
Authors: Crain H. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For reasons of economy, increased capacity, and the possibility of improving operation when only inferior coals were available, the Kansas City Power & Light Company, in 1937, installed natural-gas burners in three of the chain-grate stoker-fired boilers at its Grand Avenue Station, to supplement coal firing. Later, additional boilers were equipped, the last two installations being made in 1941. Over the period of operation, the average use of gas at this station has represented 25 to 30 per cent of the fuel requirements. The reasons leading to the adoption of this combined firing system are outlined in the paper, as well as the details of the installations and the operating results achieved.
Behavior of Plywood Under Repeated Stresses
Authors: Dietz Albert G. H. , Grinsfelder Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aircraft, with their rapidly increasing use of plywoods bonded with synthetic-resin adhesives, have made imperative a study of the behavior of both wood and adhesives under vibrating loads. It is desirable for aircraft engineers to know if the wood or the adhesive is likely to fail under repeated stress, what allowable stresses may be employed for various loading conditions, and what the endurance limit may be. Should the bond show a tendency to fail, it is desirable to know if certain adhesives behave better than others. In this paper are contained some of the results so far obtained in a continuing program of research into the behavior of plywood and laminated wood of both normal and high density. Results on only normal-density plywood and laminated wood, bonded with thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin and with cold-setting urea-formaldehyde resin, are presented.
High-Density Plywood
Authors: Finlayson Malcolm 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The physical properties of high-density plywood produced from Tego-bonded birch veneer, the grain direction of all plies parallel, are presented and compared with the corresponding properties of various metals. It is shown that the strength properties are directly related to the specific gravity. Stress-strain curves in tension indicate that this material not only has no normal yield point but actually shows a decrease in elongation per unit load at high loads. The moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are shown to be greatly different. The behavior in torsion is discussed, and the effect on the tensile strength of cross-laying the veneers is presented. The effect of immersion in water and the effect of various humidity conditions are given.
An Analysis of Gas-Pipe-Line Economics
Authors: Lehn H. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In designing gas pipe lines the aim is to develop characteristics which will result in the lowest operating cost. The customary approach to this problem is to utilize formulas for line capacity and compressor horsepower as a basis for line design and from it the expected cost of operation. By trial the effect of varying the line and compressor characteristics can be observed. This paper shows that sufficiently accurate equations, involving all essential factors, can be developed and that these equations can be readily solved to determine the specifications of a line of theoretical minimum cost. Adjustments to commercial requirements, principally the factors of pipe diameter and station spacing, are possible with only slight divergence from theoretical results.
Volute-Spring Formulas
Authors: Holland C. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous formulas for determining stresses, loads, and deflections in volute springs are very few, such as there are being unwieldy and difficult to apply. To correct this situation, the author has developed simple formulas for volute springs based on tensile stress which include factors covering the proper consideration of bar curvature, pitch angle, and bending stress. By geometry he shows that a line, drawn through the mean diameters of the turns of a volute spring, is a parabola, but that the line differs very little from a straight line forming the side of a triangle; that using the triangle as a base for the derivation of his formulas does not introduce any appreciable error and does permit of extreme simplification. He also points out that volute-spring formulas should be based on diameters, because the turns of a volute spring are not circles, and therefore using the radius will not give accurate results. The author carries through typical design calculations to show the application of the formulas, including the developed bar length and the weight of the finished spring.
A Brief Account of Modern Kinematics
Authors: de Jonge A. E. Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The author has attempted to show what the various problems of plane kinematics are and how they have been approached and solved by simple means so as to make modern plane kinematics a usable tool, not for the mathematician or kinematician, but for the practical engineer. In this respect, the elements of a simple universally usable terminology are given, and the various branches of plane kinematics have been reviewed briefly to give the uninitiated an idea of the great simplicity of the modern methods. Quantitative kinematic synthesis has been presented briefly to the English-speaking engineer for the first time. A few remarks on the graphical methods used in space kinematics are added.
Rating Supercharged Engines on the Basis of the Mean Temperature of the Cycle
Authors: Miller Ralph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The author analyzes the temperature conditions of nonsupercharged and supercharged Diesel engines and bases the work on the assumption that the capacity of a prime mover which converts heat into work is limited by the temperatures to which its mechanism is subjected in the process. The exhaust-gas turbine used in the Büchi supercharging system may not be operated above 1020 F gas temperature. It is evident that the Diesel engine likewise reaches a limiting gas temperature as the load is increased. It is demonstrated that engines supercharged with blowers, having an adiabatic efficiency of about 75 per cent and operating without air cooling, cannot be loaded above 150 per cent of the brake horsepower of the naturally aspirated engine without exceeding its temperatures or maximum pressures. The paper further develops the importance of removing the hot clearance gases. With a clearance volume of 8 per cent, the indicated horsepower is increased 18 per cent with no supercharging, by removing the clearance gases only. The capacity of Otto-cycle engines with large clearance volumes and high residual-gas temperatures would be increased considerably more than 18 per cent by the scavenging method described.
Inlet-Air-Temperature Correction in a Roots Supercharger
Authors: Hiersch F. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper gives an Equation [1], in which volumetric efficiency may be substituted to obtain an inlet-air-temperature correction in a Roots supercharger. A typical application of Equation [1] is given at the close of the paper. Calculations from extensive test data indicate that the use of this equation yields uniformly consistent values of n over the pressure range given. Comparison with the values of n, obtained by the use of a “speed coefficient,” indicates a constant numerical difference in most cases; the correction by Equation [1] being characterized by lower numerical values of n than those obtained by means of the speed-coefficient correction.