bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underutilisation of information communication and technology in the public sector construction project’s implementation
Authors: Camngca Vuyokazi Precious , Amoah Christopher , Ayesu-Koranteng Emma 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The construction industry’s daily processes demand heavy data usage and communication between project participants to meet client requirements. Thus, the application of information technology in project implementation has been increasing in the construction sector (CS) lately. However, the same cannot be seen in public sectors responsible for implementing government projects in South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the causes and effects of the underutilisation of information communication technology (ICT) in the building section of a public sector in a municipality in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach was adopted for the study, using a public sector in one of the municipalities as a case study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among the building unit workers, using unstructured interview questions. The data collected were analysed using the ATLAS.ti software.

Findings
The findings indicate a lack of understanding of existing and newly available ICT software and hardware technology among staff within the building technology due to lack of digitalisation in construction projects implementation, inadequate system upgrades, lack of adequate ICT resources, lack of financial resources for internet and software application subscriptions and lack of ICT training leading. The issues mentioned above have led to the outsourcing of projects professionals, slow pace of electronic emails, untrained professionals, usage of different and unlicensed software, resulting in the underutilisation of ICT within the whole building section. This change also adversely affects all officials, especially the junior officials who have graduated using the most recent ICT technology during their studies.

Research limitations/implications
The building department of only one public sector was used for the study; therefore, the findings may not be generalisable. The case study public sector’s name is withheld for confidentiality purposes.

Practical implications
Adequate change management and continuous development, combined with the allocation of proper resources, would be necessary for all staff members. Enormous investments had to be made in the ICT equipment by providing a sufficient budget in the building section of the public sectors. The building section within public sectors should provide change management to all aged skills staff by attending seminars to learn new ICT technology applied within its work environment.

Originality/value
The study established the causes of the underutilisation of ICT in the CS, especially in the public work departments and municipalities, and how this contributes to service delivery.
Norwegian entrepreneurs (1880s-1930s) and their “new America”: a historical perspective on transnational entrepreneurship and ecosystem development in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Roddvik Irina Nikolskaja , Leick Birgit , Roddvik Viktor 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to present a historical case study of Norwegian transnational entrepreneurs (1880s–1930s) and the ecosystems that they founded in Russia’s Arctic periphery. Drawing from the contemporary transnational entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystem literature, and inspired by AnnaLee Saxenian’s concept of “brain circulation,” this study explores the journey and impact of these entrepreneurs in a time of evolving political turbulence.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies a mixed-methodology approach, drawing from nine qualitative interviews held in 2021 and secondary material, including historical books, a podcast, videos and archival data.

Findings
The Norwegian entrepreneurs were both “pulled” by and “pushed” to the Russian region, their “New America,” where they could apply their personal skills and exploit their rich social and financial capital to establish a local entrepreneurial ecosystem. However, radical political change altered the context, which led many of the entrepreneurs to re-migrate to Norway.

Research limitations/implications
This paper demonstrates the role of the political context for contemporary entrepreneurship and management research, as transnational entrepreneurs and international expatriates remain vulnerable to political change.

Practical implications
Public-policy actors and managers in companies need to support highly-skilled transnational entrepreneurs, including expatriates, in a setting with turbulence, crisis and even war, to foster the sustainable contribution of entrepreneurial migrants to regional economic development across different countries.

Originality/value
This paper presents an original, novel case study on the historical role of transnational entrepreneurs across different cultural settings, their impact on a foreign peripheral location, including social-network building and evolving political change in the historical context. The findings are relevant for contemporary management literature.
Employees' job insecurity perception and unsafe behaviours in human–machine collaboration
Authors: Wu Tung-Ju , Li Jia-Min , Wu Yenchun Jim 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the relationship between job insecurity and unsafe behaviour in human–machine collaboration, as well as investigating the mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and moderating roles of psychological detachment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors followed the stressor-detachment model to build our research model. The authors selected manufacturing and service industry employees as samples, and designed three independent studies using the time-lagged method for SPSS and AMOS to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicated that emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between the two types of job insecurity and unsafe behaviours among service industry employees, while psychological detachment moderated the effect of qualitative job insecurity on emotional exhaustion. In manufacturing, psychological detachment moderated the effect of quantitative job insecurity on emotional exhaustion, while emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between quantitative job insecurity and unsafe behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors enhance understandings of how individual employee characteristics and the work environment jointly influence employees' levels of emotional exhaustion and likelihood of engaging in unsafe behaviours under the stressor-detachment model.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest an important role of psychological detachment in human–machine collaboration. The authors also that organisations and managers could encourage employees not to check work-related emails on weekends to achieve full detachment.Originality/valueThis study contributes to both the stressor-detachment model and job insecurity literature. In addition, it investigates the role of detachment and emotional exhaustion by employees in human–machine collaboration.
Balanced scorecards: proposed framework for application at the local system level insights from international experiences
Authors: Hamied Mohamed Sayed Abdel , Elbagoury Ayman 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe study aims to provide a clear framework of steps on how to implement the balanced scorecard model at the level of measuring and managing local performance, with a mix between what theoretical approaches show in this matter and examples of applied experiences in different contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on the case study approach, which was used to present pioneer experiences in the field of application of the model on local government's level, namely, in the USA, England and South Africa. This paper was done by reviewing the original balanced scorecard literature and writings regarding the public and local government sector. This literature formed the basis for analyzing the various sections of study.FindingsBalanced scorecard is one of the important models for developing and measuring local performance. International experiences under study confirmed that application of the model requires the following: The availability of bureaucratic will at the local level to apply the model, necessity of capacity building of local government units to apply it, introduction of institutional and strategic changes to the local units to be able to build their own performance cards, as well as strengthening local information systems, and not standardizing the performance cards at the different local administrative units.Originality/valueThis study will be useful for scholars, policymakers and local executive leaders on ways to apply the balanced scorecards at the local government units.
Factors driving the within‐plant patterns of resource exploitation in a herbivore
Authors: Bellec Laura , Seimandi‐Corda Gaëtan , Menacer Kathleen , Trabalon Marie , Ollivier Jérôme , Lunel Christophe , Faure Sébastien , Cortesero Anne‐Marie , Hervé Maxime 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Selective pressures exerted on the feeding behaviour of animals have been extensively studied to understand their foraging patterns. In herbivores, specific within‐plant patterns of resource exploitation have been reported, but their determinants remain poorly understood.

Here, we describe and decipher the determinants of the foraging pattern of the pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus, a pollinivorous insect that is a pest of oilseed rape Brassica napus. This insect feeds from flowers for almost all of its life cycle, except for a couple of weeks preceding blossoming. During this period, only flower buds are available and the insect destroys them to feed from the pollen they contain, causing serious yield losses.

We found that during this critical period, pollen beetles exhibit a stereotypic intra‐inflorescence feeding pattern that depends on flower bud maturity. To explain this pattern, we first deciphered the selective pressures driving pollen beetles' feeding behaviour. Using a set of manipulative laboratory experiments, including behavioural experiments on plant tissues and artificial substrates, chemical characterization of plant tissues and performance experiments, we show that the pollen beetles' feeding behaviour does not seem to be driven by specialized metabolites or an attempt to reach an optimal nutrient balance, but rather by a process of maximization of total macronutrient intake. Next, using optimal diet choice models, we found that one aspect of the intra‐inflorescence feeding pattern, the preference for young over old flower buds, could be well‐explained through the lens of total macronutrient intake maximization per unit of time to access the resource.

Our study provides new insights into small‐scale foraging patterns and highlights the need to characterize and assess the relative influence of several components of diet quality when deciphering selective pressures driving foraging patterns.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Remote sensing of phenology: Towards the comprehensive indicators of plant community dynamics from species to regional scales
Authors: Dronova Iryna , Taddeo Sophie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Remote sensing of vegetation phenology has long been used to characterize ecosystem functions and responses to climate at spatial and temporal scales unfeasible to field surveys. However, the potential of remote sensing to elucidate mechanistic drivers of phenology and the underlying plant community processes at such scales remains under‐discussed.

This review synthesizes possibilities to advance this knowledge using multi‐temporal remote sensing and discusses remaining challenges and progress in instruments and analytical tools. Recent evidence indicates that, besides documenting vegetation seasonality and responses to climate, remote sensing of phenology can help meet emerging needs for indicators of plant diversity, vegetation structure and ecosystem change.

Responses of phenological metrics to stressors over large, heterogeneous regions may provide clues on ecological resilience manifested in asynchronies, recovery of vegetation cycles and stable microrefugia. At the same time, important barriers persist in relation to choosing among phenological estimation methods and paradigms, characterizing phenological events beyond changes in photosynthetically active biomass, and mechanistic interpretation of phenological patterns.

Synthesis. Increasing temporal frequency of products, opportunities for multi‐sensor data fusion, and advances in historically less available hyperspectral, active microwave and lidar instruments promise to help navigate these barriers and enable more comprehensive assessments of seasonality. Progress in customizable local platforms such as unoccupied aerial vehicles and phenocams may further enrich ground‐level understanding of phenology and validate satellite‐based assessments. However, remote sensing analyses alone are insufficient for mechanistic interpretation of phenology, which can be challenged by artefacts in remote sensing data and sensitivity of estimated metrics to landscape structure and spatial resolution of the inputs. Robust and informative phenological assessments call for rigorous collaborations with field ecological studies, strategic selection of ancillary environmental and geographic data, and wider adoption of causal inference approaches to address these needs and support novel explorations in plant ecology.
Icariin attenuates ischaemic stroke through suppressing inflammation mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway in rats
Authors: Zheng Jie , Liao Yuling , Xu Yuanyuan , Mo Zhentao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIschaemic stroke possesses the characteristics of high incidence, high disability and high mortality. Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium. The protective effect of ICA on ischaemic stroke is worthy of further study. In this study, male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following seven groups: sham, model, ICA low‐dose (10 mg/kg), ICA medium‐dose (20 mg/kg), ICA high‐dose (40 mg/kg), positive control drug (12 mg/kg nimodipine) and endoplasmic reticulum stress induction (0.16 mg/kg tunicamycin) groups. The model of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the rats, including 2 h ischaemia and 24 h reperfusion, was accomplished by applying the method of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 24 h reperfusion, neurological deficits, brain water content, pathological damage of brain tissues, the expression of inflammation‐related targets, and the signal pathway‐related proteins were explored. Compared with the model group, ICA significantly improved neurological deficits, brain oedema and pathological damage after MCAO. In addition, ICA increased neuron survival, reduced microglial activation and expression of IL‐1β, alleviating the inflammatory damage caused by ischaemic stroke. Moreover, ICA suppressed the expressions of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol requiring enzyme‐1 α (IRE1α), phospho‐IRE1α (p‐IRE1α), protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK), phospho‐PERK (p‐PERK), spliced XBP1 (XBP1s), unspliced XBP1 (XBP1u), thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), NLRP3, and caspase‐1. These results suggested that ICA offers neuroprotection against ischaemic stroke by inhibiting ER stress‐mediated inflammation.
Universal cooling patterns of the butterfly wing scales hierarchy deduced from the heterogeneous thermal and structural properties of Tirumala limniace (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae)
Authors: Tang Chu‐Fei , Li Fan‐Fan , Cao Ye , Liao Huai‐Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe radiative cooling of butterfly wing scales hierarchy has great value in understanding how poikilotherms adapt to the environment and developing bionic materials. However, it remains unclear what the cooling system is like and how the variation of hierarchy affects the cooling efficiency. Therefore, the correlation between the variations of the structure and emissivity of scale hierarchy is thoroughly investigated in Tirumala limniace (Cramer, 1775), whose thermal properties are highly heterogeneous among different wings and regions but similar between males and females. Patterns were deduced from the biological and model simulation experiments. The scale hierarchy varies at the micro‐ to nanolevel on both surface and section, corresponding to the variating emissivity. Scales on wing veins and margins have large nanostructured units with small lumens and are distinctly thickened, which bring extraordinarily high emissivity. The variations of light and dark scales, respectively, lead to the high emissivity of the middle region of wings and the front wings. Generally, the elevation of the inner surface area and the thickness of the chitin is the key to enhancing the cooling efficiency. For the first time, the effects of the variation of hierarchy toward emissivity of the mid‐infrared spectrum are systematically clarified. It is demonstrated that wing scales integrally differentiate in coping with the heterogeneous cooling needs, which may benefit in balancing multifunctions and the development toward the adaptation to the abiotic environment. The study provides insights into the comprehensive thermoregulation system of butterflies and the further development of radiative cooling materials.
Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis “Ineffective health self‐management” in people living with HIV
Authors: Júnior Aurean D'Eça , Rabêlo Poliana Pereira Costa , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Rodrigues Livia dos Santos , Lopes Camila Takáo , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveCheck diagnostic accuracy of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis “Ineffective health self‐management” in people living with HIV.MethodsMethodological study conducted in a specialized public service for people living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil, between February and April 2021, with a sample of 203 people. Latent class analysis was used to calculate the accuracy measurements of the defining characteristics, as well as the sensitivity and specificity values with their respective 95% confidence intervals. The likelihood ratio test (G2) was applied to evaluate the adequacy of the fit of the models obtained (p > 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of Ineffective health self‐management estimated through the latent class model was 67.5%. “Exacerbation of diseases symptoms,” “failure to take action that reduces risk factor,” “exacerbation of diseases signs,” and “ineffective choices in daily living for meeting health goal” had the highest sensitivity values (0.80–0.9429). “Exhibits disease sequelae,” “inattentive to diseases signs,” and “inattentive to disease symptoms” had the highest specificity values (0.9999–1.0000).ConclusionsThe useful characteristics for discriminating PLHIV with and without diagnosis are “exacerbation of diseases symptoms,” “failure to take action that reduces risk factor,” “exacerbation of diseases signs,” and “ineffective choices in daily living for meeting health goal.” The diagnosis can be confirmed by the indicators “exhibits disease sequelae”, “inattentive to diseases signs,” and “inattentive to disease symptoms.”Implications for nursing practicesThe study demonstrates the levels of importance of the defining characteristics of “Ineffective health self‐management” in people living with HIV contributes to suspicion and accurate diagnostic identification of nurses and researchers.
Characterization of cord blood CD3+TCRVα7.2+CD161high T and innate lymphoid cells in the pregnancies with gestational diabetes, morbidly adherent placenta, and pregnancy hypertension diseases
Authors: Haliloglu Yesim , Ozcan Alper , Erdem Serife , Azizoglu Zehra Busra , Bicer Ayten , Ozarslan Ozcan Yeniay , Kilic Omer , Okus Fatma Zehra , Demir Fatma , Canatan Halit , Karakukcu Musa , Uludag Semih Zeki , Kutuk M. Serdar , Unal Ekrem , Eken Ahmet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProblemAlthough pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GD), morbidly adherent placenta (MAP), and pregnancy hypertension (pHT) diseases lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), little is known about their effect on mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in the umbilical cord. This study aimed to quantify and characterize MAIT cells and ILCs in the cord blood of pregnant women with GD, MAP, and pHT diseases.Method of studyCord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll‐Paque gradient. CD3+TCRVα7.2+CD161high cells and ILC subsets were quantified by flow cytometry. CBMCs were stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin and Golgi Plug for 4 h and stained for IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and granzyme B. The stained cells were analyzed on FACS ARIA III.ResultsCompared with healthy pregnancies, in the cord blood of the pHT group, elevated number of lymphocytes was observed. Moreover, the absolute number of IFN‐γ producing CD4+ or CD4− subsets of CD3+TCRVα7.2+CD161high cells as well as those producing granzyme B were significantly elevated in the pHT group compared to healthy controls suggesting increased MAIT cell activity in the pHT cord blood. Similarly, in the MAP group, the absolute number of total CD3+TCRVα7.2+CD161high cells, but not individual CD4+ or negative subsets, were significantly increased compared with healthy controls’ cord blood. Absolute numbers of total CD3+TCRVα7.2+CD161high cells and their subsets were comparable in the cord blood of the GD group compared with healthy controls. Finally, the absolute number of total ILCs and ILC3 subset were significantly elevated in only pHT cord blood compared with healthy controls. Our data also reveal that IFN‐γ+ or granzyme B+ cell numbers negatively correlated with fetal birth weight.ConclusionsCD3+TCRVα7.2+CD161high cells and ILCs show unique expansion and activity in the cord blood of pregnant women with distinct diseases causing IUGR and may play roles in fetal growth restriction.
Risk factors for bleeding complications during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to recovery
Authors: Kawauchi Akira , Liu Keibun , Nakamura Mitsunobu , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Fujizuka Kenji , Nakano Minoru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBleeding complications during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) can be critical. However, there is limited information on the associated risk factors. This study investigated the risk factors for bleeding complications during V‐V ECMO as a bridge to recovery.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study enrolled 59 patients (bleeding and non‐bleeding groups) who received V‐V ECMO from 2012 to 2020, to evaluate whether peak activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) value, lowest platelet count, and mobilization to sitting on the edge of the bed during V‐V ECMO were risk factors for bleeding complications, defined according to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guidelines. Age, sex, body mass index, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and ECMO duration before bleeding complications were covariates in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThirty‐one (53%) participants experienced 36 bleeding complications; the ECMO cannulation site, gastrointestinal tract, and nasopharyngeal region were the most common bleeding sites. The use of transfusion products and length of ECMO and intensive care unit stay were significantly and medical costs were non‐significantly increased in the bleeding group. Peak APTT (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.05, p < 0.01) was significantly associated whereas the lowest platelet count (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82–1.13, p = 0.66) was unassociated with bleeding complications during ECMO. Achieving mobilization (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–1.17, p = 0.07) decreased the trend of risk for bleeding complications.ConclusionsPeak APTT might be an independent modifiable factor for bleeding complications during V‐V ECMO. The protective effect of mobilization during V‐V ECMO requires further investigation.