bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in treatment-naive and previously-treated patients with diabetic macular edema
Authors: Nikolopoulou Eleni , Sacconi Riccardo , Lorusso Massimo , Costanzo Eliana , Parravano Mariacristina , Micelli Ferrari Luisa , Ferrari Tommaso Micelli , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

Purpose To document the effects of intravitreal dexamethasone implant on retinal microvasculature in patients with diabetic retinopathy complicated by center-involving macular edema. Methods 35 eyes of 35 patients affected by retinopathy due to type 2 diabetes (15 treatment-naïve and 20 previously treated) were included in this retrospective study with a follow-up of 4 months. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) densities in the foveal and parafoveal areas were measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at baseline and 2 and 4 months post-injection. Intraocular pressure, morphological and functional parameters were evaluated. Results a significant difference was found in both groups at 2 months after injection in terms of functional (BCVA, p < 0.05) and morphological (CMT, p < 0.05) parameters. During follow-up, FAZ area, SCP, and DCP in the foveal and parafoveal areas did not change significantly. Conclusions intravitreal dexamethasone implant is effective in the treatment of diabetic center-involving macular edema and was associated with significant improvements in BCVA and CMT at 2 months after injection. After a single dexamethasone implant injection, FAZ area and retinal vascular density does not show significant variations in both naive and non-naive DME patients subgroups.
Cost-benefit analysis of a non-government organization and Australian government collaborative supported employment program for autistic people
Authors: Hedley Darren , Hedley David FE , Walkowiak Emmanuelle , Bury Simon M , Spoor Jennifer R , Shiell Alan 
Published: December 2022

We present a cost-benefit analysis of an Australian Government sponsored 3-year supported employment program for autistic adults—the DXC Dandelion Program—in the information and communications technology sector. We explored the range of direct costs associated with running the program, benefits to participants, and avoided costs to the government. Estimates were based on data from 56 (86% men; Mage = 25.28, standard deviation [SD]  = 8.36 years) autistic participants in the program. The program generated a high benefit ratio for government, mainly driven by increases in wage rates and hours worked and avoiding welfare and unemployment benefit payments. Participants received the largest benefit through wages and access to the labor market, with most participants transitioning into productive, open employment following program completion. The results from the model are robust; the benefit ratio remained above 1.0 even when higher discount rates were applied. In sum, our analysis identifies potential economic savings associated with supported employment programs that provide pathways for otherwise unemployed or under-employed autistic adults to enter the workforce. Lay abstract Relative to the size of the population, there are fewer autistic people than non-autistic people in the workforce. Employment programs that provide extra support to autistic people may help them to gain and keep jobs that are suited to their skills and expertise. In this study, we reviewed the DXC Dandelion Program. This is a supported autism employment program run in partnership with the Australian Government. The program provided jobs to autistic people who worked in information and communications technology roles, such as software testing and cyber security. In this study, we examined some of the benefits of the program for the autistic people who participated in it. We also examined the benefits of the program to the government. We found that there are many savings to government when autistic people are employed in jobs that are matched to their skills and abilities, compared to being unemployed or working in jobs that are below their level of education, training, or skills.
An investigation of child health in relation to housing renovations for a disadvantaged immigrant population in Malmö, Sweden
Authors: Richter Jens C. , Flanagan Erin , Taj Tahir M. , Al-Nahar Lina , Jakobsson Kristina , Oudin Anna 
Published: December 2022

Aims: The aim of the study was to describe child health in relation to housing renovations in more than 800 rental units, consisting of repairs of dilapidated kitchens and bathrooms, in the disadvantaged neighbourhood of Herrgården in Rosengård, Malmö, Sweden. Methods: Data on housing conditions and self-reported health were collected during home visits to families living in Herrgården (building renovations area) and a comparison area (neighbouring Törnrosen, with generally better housing conditions). At baseline, 130 families with 359 children participated, while 51 families with 127 children participated at follow-up. All data were collected between 2010 and 2012. Additionally, regional register data on health-care usage/in- and outpatient contacts within the public health-care system between 2008 and 2013 were also collected for all 8715 children registered as living in the two areas. Results: Self-reported health seemed to somewhat improve in both areas, with 74% versus 86% and 78% versus 88% reporting good or very good health in Herrgården and in the comparison area at baseline and follow-up, respectively. In Herrgården, crowdedness increased, while it decreased in the comparison area. The number of health-care contacts remained stable over time in Herrgården, while it decreased in the comparison area. Conclusions: Partial housing renovations did not seem to result in clear health improvements as measured with the indicators used in the present study. This could possibly be due to persisting health effects due to increased crowdedness or persisting poor housing conditions, as only kitchens and bathrooms were renovated.
Application of deblur technology for improving the clarity of digital subtractive angiography
Authors: Geng Jiewen , Zhang Pu , Xu Yan , Huang Yan , He Siyu , Wang Yadong , He Chuan , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: December 2022

Background Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is most commonly used in vessel disease examinations and treatments. We aimed to develop a novel deep learning-based method to deblur the large focal spot DSA images, so as to obtain a clearer and sharper cerebrovascular DSA image. Methods The proposed network cascaded several residual dense blocks (RDBs), which contain dense connected layers and local residual learning. Several loss functions for image restoration were investigated. Our training set consisted of 52 paired images of angiography with more than 350,000 cropped patches. The testing set included 10 body phantoms and 80 clinical images of different types of diseases for subjective evaluation. All test images were acquired using a large focal spot, and phantom images were simultaneously acquired using a micro focal spot as ground-truth. Peak-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were determined for quantitative analysis. The deblurring results were compared with the original data, and the image quality was subjectively evaluated and graded by two clinicians. Results For quantitative analysis of phantom images, the average PSNR/SSIM based on the deep-learning approach (35.34/0.9566) was better than that of large focal spot images (30.64/0.9163). For subjective evaluation of 80 clinical patient images, image quality in all types of cerebrovascular diseases was also improved based on a deep-learning approach ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Deep learning-based focal spot deblur algorithm can efficiently improve DSA image quality for better visualization of blood vessels and lesions in the image.
Computational Analyses of Physiologic Effects After Midvault Repair Techniques in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Avashia Yash J. , Martin Hannah L. , Frank-Ito Dennis O. , Hodges Katrina Z. , Trotta Rose T. , Li Hang , Lowry Carolyn , Woodard Charles R. , Allori Alexander C. , Marcus Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Midvault reconstruction is an essential element of functional rhinoplasty. An improved understanding of airflow patterns after spreader graft (SG) or spreader flap (SF) techniques can inform surgical techniques based on individual anatomy. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the physiologic changes related to nasal function after midvault reconstruction with SF and SG. Methods: Soft tissue elevation (STE), SG, and SF were performed in sequence on 5 cadaveric specimens. Computational modeling was used to simulate airflow, heat transfer, and humidity in three-dimensional nasal airway reconstructions of each specimen. Results: Median bilateral airflow-rates (L/min) were similar for STE (29.4), SF (27.6), and SG (28.9), and were not statistically significant (STE vs SF: P = 1.0, power = 5%; STE vs SG: P = .31, power = 16%; SF vs SG: P = .42, power = 14%). Both SF and SG had increased unilateral airflow volume (L/min) through the more obstructed nasal passage (median: STE 10.3, SF 12.2, SG 12.7), but these differences were not significant (STE vs SF: P = .19, power = 24%; STE vs SG P = .19, power = 30%). Furthermore, SF and SG had decreased unilateral nasal resistance (Pa s/mL) on the more obstructed side (median: STE 0.085, SF 0.072, SG 0.062) (STE vs SF: P = .13, power = 23%; STE vs SG P = .13, power = 24%). For all 3 models, heat flux distribution was greater in the anterior portion of the nasal passage than the posterior portions. Conclusions: Differences in nasal airflow and resistance after SF and SG were not statistically significant, but both procedures resulted in higher airflow rates and decreased nasal resistance through the more obstructed nasal passage.
A retrospective study of hip posterior fracture-dislocation: closed reduction at the emergency department or in the operation theater?
Authors: Lai Po-Ju , Lai Chih-Yang , Tseng I-Chuan , Su Chun-Yi , Hsu Yung-Heng , Chou Ying-Chao , Yu Yi-Hsun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
For hip posterior fracture-dislocation, the current consensus is to perform joint reduction within 6 h to prevent sequelae. However, whether a closed reduction (CR) should be performed at the emergency department (ED) or in the operation theater (OT) remains debatable. We aimed to assess the incidence and factors predictive of CR failure at the ED in patients with hip posterior fracture-dislocation.

Methods
Patients with hip posterior fracture-dislocation between 2009 and 2019 were included. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), injury severity score, new injury severity score, time from injury to first reduction attempt (TIR), presence of associated femoral head fracture, posterior wall marginal impaction, and posterior wall fragment size were compared between patients with CR success and patients with CR failure at the ED.

Results
Fifty-five patients with hip posterior fracture-dislocation experienced CR attempts at the ED and were enrolled in the study. Thirty-eight (69.1%) hips were reduced successfully at the ED, and 17 (30.9%) experienced failure. No significant differences in age, sex, BMI, presence of femoral head fracture, marginal impaction, or size of the posterior wall fragment were found between the groups. TIR was significantly shorter in the successful CR group (2.24 vs. 4.11 h, p = 0.01). According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, 3.5 h was the cut-off time.

Conclusions
For patients with hip posterior fracture-dislocation, TIR was a critical factor for successful CR. If the time interval exceeds 3.5 h from injury, the success rate of bedside CR at the ER is likely to decrease, and the OT should be prepared in case of failed bedside CR.
Level of Evidence III.
The value of cardiac CT in the diagnosis of unroofed coronary sinus syndrome
Authors: Ma Junqing , Zheng Yongze , Xu Sunan , Teng Hewei , Lv Lei , Li Yanpei , Liang Yongfeng , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome (UCSS) is a rare cardiovascular malformation with nonspecific clinical manifestations that easily causes misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. The aim of this study is to present the different features of UCSS by various CCT (cardiac CT) postprocessing techniques and evaluate the diagnostic advantages of CCT.

Methods
9 UCSS patients who were diagnosed by imaging and undergone both CCT and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were included in this study, and their CCT images were reviewed. The UCSS images were classified by multiplanar reformations, maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and cinematic rendering. The size of CS roof defect was also measured.

Results
Only 4 of 9 CCT confirmed UCSS patients were detected by TTE (4/9, 44.4%), the sensitivity of TTE was lower compared to CCT by Fisher’s exact test (P < 0.05). UCSS was classified according to the Kirklin and Barratt Boyes’s method, including 1 case was classified as type I, 4 cases as type II, 1 case as type III, 2 cases as type IV, 1 case as type V (variant type), and TTE was undiagnosed in all type III-V patients. Additionally, CCT showed 12 extra malformations in these patients, only 5 of them were found by TTE (5/12, 41.7%), and TTE missed all extracardiac malformations. The mean size of CS roof defect was 3.04 ± 1.57 cm.

Conclusions
CCT with various postprocessing technologies has excellent value in diagnosing and differentiating subtypes of UCSS, measuring size of coronary sinus defect, describing accompanying cardiovascular abnormalities.
Long-term results of postoperative unsuspected small cell lung cancer on real-world data
Authors: Guo Juntang , Shen Leilei , Ren Zhipeng , Liu Yang , Liang Chaoyang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In traditional opinion, solid pulmonary nodule suspected lung cancer should be confirmed by pathology before the operation to exclude small cell lung cancer (SCLC), considering SCLC tends to be aggressive and surgical effect in the management of SCLC remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival result and risk factors of postoperative unsuspected SCLC.

Methods
A total of 120 patients with postoperative unsuspected SCLC who were confirmed by pathology and referred to Chinese PLA General Hospital between 2000 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed (surgery group). Additionally, 120 patients with limited-stage SCLC who underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the same period were enrolled in the chemoradiotherapy group.. Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival; the Log-Rank test was used to compare survival rates between different groups; a COX stepwise regression model was used for multivariate analysis.

Results
Among 120 patients in the surgery group, 28 were with central type and other 92 with peripheral type. The median survival (OS) was 44.85 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 46%. The 5-year survival rates for stage I, II, and III were 52.1%, 45.4%, and 27.8%, respectively. The mean disease-free survival time (DFS) was 30.63 ± 4.38 months, and the 5-year DFS rate was 31.5%. In the chemoradiotherapy group, the mean OS was 21.4 ± 4.26 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 28.3%. The 5-year survival rates for clinical stage I, II, and III were 42.5%, 39.8%, and 20.5%, respectively. The mean progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.63 ± 3.6 months. In the surgery group, one-way ANOVA revealed that the gender, symptoms, smoking history, tumor location, and postoperative radiotherapy were not associated with OS (P ≥ 0.05), while age, surgical approach, surgical method, N stage, TNM stage, and vascular tumor thrombus were related to OS (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that the N stage was associated with OS (HR = 1.86 P = 0.042).

Conclusion
Surgery and adjuvant therapy were found to have encouraging outcomes in postoperative unsuspected SCLC. Patients with stage I, stage II and part of stage IIIA SCLC could benefit from surgery and the standard lobectomy, and systematic lymph node dissection, is also recommended for these patients.
Resilience mediates parenting style associated school bullying victimization in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Chen Xue , Lu Jin , Ran Hailiang , Che Yusan , Fang Die , Chen Lin , Peng Junwei , Wang Sifan , Liang Xuemeng , Sun Hao , Xiao Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundExisting evidence has shown that negative parenting style elevates the risk of school bullying victimization in children and adolescents. Resilience may play as a mediating factor in this association. However, this hypothesis has not been investigated.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 4582 Chinese children and adolescents had been surveyed by self-administered questionnaire. The Chinese version of Egna Minnen av. Barndoms Uppfostra (s-EMBU-C), the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA) were used to collect relevant information. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the crude and adjusted associations between parenting style, resilience, and bullying victimization. Path analysis was used to estimate the mediation via resilience in the association between parenting style and bullying victimization.ResultsAfter adjustment for possible covariates, the results of multivariate binary logistic regression model suggested that among all dimensions of parenting style, mother’s and father’s rejection were significantly associated with school bullying victimization. Path analysis revealed a statistically significant mediation of resilience in the association between parental rejection and bullying victimization, and among the five dimensions of resilience, emotion regulation, family support and interpersonal assistance accounted for the highest proportions of mediation.ConclusionsFor children and adolescents who suffered from parental rejection, building up resilience, especially those measures aiming at improving emotion regulation ability and consolidating family and peer support, might be effective in reducing risk of school bullying victimization.
Needle consideration in umbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for patent processus vaginalis of children: hook-needle or forcep-needle
Authors: Xiao Yuanhong , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Although umbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for the treatment of processus vaginalis patency of children has been verified to be safe and effective, the improvements of technical skills and instruments have been always on their ways. Recently, forcep-needle has begun to be used. In this study, we compared forcep-needle with hook-needle in this minimal invasive procedure for children suffered from hernia or hydrocele, with the aim to evaluate the instrumental convenience of the two needles.

Methods
From July 2021 to May 2022, we begun to use hook-needle or forcep-needle in umbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for children suffered from hernia or hydrocele. The hook-needle group included nineteen children and the forcep-needle group included twenty-four ones. The data of the patients age, sex, side, operation time, postoperative hospital-stay, follow-up time, postoperative complications were evaluated. Common silk thread was used to encircle the internal ring preperitoneally.

Results
There were no statistical differences between the two groups for the following items: age, sex, side, operation time, postoperative hospital-stay and postoperative complications (P > 0.05). The follow-up time of the hook-needle group was longer than that of the forcep-one (P = 0.0020). No open transfer happened for all the patients. One hydrocele boy in the hook-needle group reoccurred 1 month postoperatively due to the peritoneal broken. The single pole retreating of the hook-needle accompanied with chaotic movements, while for that of the forcep-needle, the double-arm retreating movements were more orderly. The outer surface of the forcep-needle was smooth without restrain, as for the hook-needle, an inlaid barb held the danger of brokening the peritoneum.

Conclusion
In our preliminary experience of umbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure using a hook-needle or a forcep-needle, in view of the instrumental convenience and safety, the double-arm and smooth outer surface designs of the forcep-needle contained more spatial orientation perceptions and safety.
Women's perceptions about mobile health solutions for selection and use of family planning methods in Karachi: a feasibility study
Authors: Abrejo Farina Gul , Iqbal Romaina , Saleem Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The qualitative study explored the feasibility and acceptability of potential mHealth intervention for women living in low socio-economic areas to increase the uptake of family planning. The study also examined providers' perceptions' potential benefits of mHealth intervention.

Methods
The qualitative exploratory study recorded the perception of 23 women and conducted seven in-depth interviews with the providers of family planning services. These interviews assessed women's attitudes through; personal experience based on the usage of smartphones and family planning, acceptability for personal benefits, features of mobile applications and the convenient language, and self-efficacy for identifying the potential impact of mHealth intervention to increase women's empowerment for family planning usage.

Results
Three predetermined themes were used to record women’s perceptions. Women's personal experience identified that women in low-socioeconomic areas use mobile phones frequently and also use them for gaining information related to health. Few women have experience using mobile phones to get information about sexual and reproductive health. Women considered; poor counselling and high transport costs to the facilities as significant barriers to getting family planning services. Perceived acceptability discussed the potential features of the mHealth app. Women considered that including short videos instead of written material would help them to understand its usage and complete information about family planning methods, including; dosage, expected side effects, and potential benefits suggested to include in the app. Women perceived that the mHealth intervention would save their transport costs to the facility and fill the information gap about family planning methods.
In comparison, providers considered it would save time in counselling and motivating women at the facility. One of the significant factors discussed was self-efficacy in the form of women's empowerment in deciding on family planning. Women discussed that the mHealth intervention would increase their self-confidence to discuss the method with their husbands.

Conclusion
There is a high potential for mHealth interventions for family planning in Pakistan. The usage of mobile phones can increase women's acceptability and accessibility for family planning uptake in the country.