bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Backbone Seismic Ground Motion Model for Strike-slip Earthquakes in Southwest Iceland and its Implications for Near- And Far-field PSHA
Authors: Kowsari Milad , Ghasemi Saeid , Bayat Farnaz , Halldorsson Benedikt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The earthquake hazard and seismic risk in Iceland are the highest in the Southwest due to transform faulting in the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) and Reykjanes Peninsula Oblique Rift (RPOR). The reliable probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) is therefore critical in this region which in turn requires two of the key elements for a reliable PSHA. Namely, the most appropriate and physically consistent ground motion models (GMMs) and the specification of seismic sources. In this study, we address this by employing a suite of new hybrid Bayesian empirical GMMs and a new physics-based finite-fault system model for the SISZ-RPOR system. By ranking the GMMs using the deviance information criterion against the Icelandic strong-motion dataset we propose backbone GMMs along with their \({\Delta }\)-factors that comprehensively capture the characteristics of Icelandic data. We then simulate suites of synthetic finite-fault earthquake catalogues that are consistent with the physics-based fault system. We then carry out a Monte-Carlo PSHA using the backbone approach for two representative near-fault and far-field sites in Southwest Iceland, but this approach provides a more realistic and robust treatment of the extent and effects of GMM’s epistemic uncertainty on the PSHA. We show that the backbone PSHA is consistent with point estimates using the classical PSHA approach, but importantly they reveal the “body” i.e., the range, of realistically expected hazard values that dwarf any differences between the results from the two approaches. Thus, the backbone models of this study along with their \({\Delta }\)-factors are the ideal candidates for use in future PSHA for Iceland.
Single irrigation at the four-leaf stage in the spring increases winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in the North China Plain
Authors: Bao Xiaoyuan , Liu Xuejing , Hou Xiaoyang , Yin Baozhong , Duan Weiwei , Wang Yandong , Ren Jianhong , Gu Limin , Zhen Wenchao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Water scarcity is a major limiting factor for crop production in North China Plain (NCP), which produces the majority of the country's winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this three-year field study was to see if and when irrigation one-time in spring improves grain yield and water use efficiency. Four sets of irrigation were established at the 3-leaf visible stage (L3) and the L4, L5, and L6 stages. The spike number, 1,000-grain weight, and water consumption increased progressively when irrigation time was delayed, whereas grain yield, grain number, dry matter, harvest, and WUE grew, then dropped, and peaked at L4. The increased grain number can be attributed to the L4's higher daily water consumption and water consumption percentage than the L3, L5, and L6 at the jointing-anthesis stages. L4 had a shorter cumulative period of soil drought stress (37 days), whereas L3, L5, and L6 had 40, 42, and 43 days, respectively. Furthermore, flag leaf senescence was postponed in L4 with a better post-anthesis leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, stronger superoxide dismutase activity, and reduced malondialdehyde concentration. As a result, single irrigation at the 4-leaf visible stage optimized water deficit and consumption before and after anthesis, resulting in higher yield and WUE in the NCP.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for specific and rapid detection of Dickeya fangzhongdai targeting a unique genomic region
Authors: DeLude Anuhea , Wells Riley , Boomla Sherine , Chuang Shu-Cheng , Urena Frank , Shipman Aaron , Rubas Noelle , Kuehu Donna Lee , Bickerton Buster , Peterson Taylor , Dobhal Shefali , Arizala Dario , Klair Diksha , Ochoa-Corona Francisco , Ali Md Emran , Odani Jenee , Bingham Jon-Paul , Jenkins Daniel , Fletcher Jacqueline , Stack James P. , Alvarez Anne M. , Arif Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dickeya fangzhongdai, a bacterial pathogen of taro (Colocasia esculenta), onion (Allium sp.), and several species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), causing soft rot and bleeding canker diseases. No field-deployable diagnostic tool is available for specific detection of this pathogen in different plant tissues. Therefore, we developed a field-deployable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using a unique genomic region, present exclusively in D. fangzhongdai. Multiple genomes of D. fangzhongdai, and other species of Dickeya, Pectobacterium and unrelated genera were used for comparative genomic analyses to identify an exclusive and conserved target sequence from the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene region. This gene region had broad detection capability for D. fangzhongdai and thus was used to design primers for endpoint PCR and LAMP assays. In-silico validation showed high specificity with D. fangzhongdai genome sequences available in the NCBI GenBank genome database as well as the in-house sequenced genome. The specificity of the LAMP assay was determined with 96 strains that included all Dickeya species and Pectobacterium species as well as other closely related genera, and 5 hosts; no false positives or false negatives were detected. The detection limit of the assay was determined by performing four sensitivity assays with 10-fold serially diluted purified genomic DNA of D. fangzhongdai with and without the presence of crude host extract (taro, orchid, and onion). The detection limit for all sensitivity assays was 100 fg (18–20 genome copies) with no negative interference by host crude extracts. The assays were performed by five independent operators (blind test) and on three instruments (Rotor-Gene, thermocycler and dry bath); the assay results were concordant. The assay consistently detected the target pathogen from artificially inoculated and naturally infected host samples. The developed assay is highly specific for D. fangzhongdai and has applications in routine diagnostics, phytosanitary and seed certification programs, and epidemiological studies.
Replacement of biochar from waste for cement: mechanisms and eco-benefits
Authors: Zhenhong Wang , Chen Mouhui , Fang Hong , Peng Jianbing , Huang Qianbing , Li Pangen , He Xiaole , Yan Ting , Zhang Cong , Patil Amit , Estrela Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vastly municipal sludge and domestic garbage have caused seriously environmental problems. Effective methods to process the wastes have been developing but the expected results are not achieved. The biochar of straw, sawdust and livestock manure containing rich carbon can improve the mechanical properties of mortars and concretes, so is recommended to fractionally replace cement. However, it is unclear whether cement can be massively replaced by the low-carbon pyrolysis products from the sludge and garbage. Here, we found that the concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are higher in the pyrolysis products of the two wastes than cement and thus these oxides can react with the products, Ca(OH)2, of the secondary hydration of cement to generate the secondary ettringite and calcium-silicate-hydrat. This improves the mechanical properties of concrete and the concrete can still meet the request of construction engineering for the mechanical properties when 20% and 8% cement is replaced. Replacement at the ratios in the annually global preparation of concrete will innocuously treat all globally municipal sludge and 39% domestic garbage, decrease cement output by 1.148 billion tons, save 900 million tons standard coal, and sequestrate 1.98 Gt CO2 accounting for 5.5% global emission of CO2. The study clarifies scientific basis and eco-benefits for the pyrolysis products from two main wastes to globally replace cement.
Transit Closure costs from Sanctions or Sea Ice for the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Goldstein Michael , Lynch Amanda , Li Xueke , Norchi Charles 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Decreased sea ice concentration due to climate change has dramatically increased shipping traffic on the Northern Sea Route (NSR). In recent years, NSR has become a shipping route of economic importance, with traffic equivalent to 1-2 days of traffic through the Suez Canal. Yet either sea ice or recent sanctions on Russia could close or shorten its use. Here we use results of 16 climate realizations and shipping routes to estimate the value of an NSR transit, and thus the cost when it is closed due to sea ice or sanctions on Russia. Either way, the closure of the NSR is expensive, with the costs borne by the global community through higher shipping costs, higher emissions, and loss of time. Using conservative estimates, costs throughout the system could be as high as $3.3 billion, with possible overall losses as high as $10 billion. Collectively, we show how the intersection of climate change and geopolitics causes heretofore unregistered effects. Ultimately, sanctions are as expensive as sea ice. These estimates can be used by future researchers to assess possible future cost savings as climate change continues to affect global transportation.
WITHDRAWN: Design and operation of continuous flow reactor systems with enhanced heat exchange for hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Improvements in continuous flow steam reforming reactors would be highly beneficial to the production of hydrogen. The present study relates to a catalytic process of steam-methanol reforming for the production of hydrogen in a continuous flow heterogeneous reaction system. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed with respect to various factors pertaining to the continuous flow reactor system. The effects of the water to methanol mole ratio on reaction and transport processes are investigated in terms of efficiency and performance. Design recommendations are made to improve the overall hydrogen yield. The results indicated that the continuous flow reactor system provides sufficient residence time to provide the desired conversion, provide sufficient mass transfer rate of reactants and products on the surface of catalyst particles, and allow for conditions where heat is transferred effectively from all regions in the continuous flow reactor system. The water to methanol mole ratio is very important as it determines the methanol conversion, hydrogen yield, and comprehensive performance of the continuous flow reactor system. The performance of hydrogen production is controlled by mass transport and thermal transport through the reaction medium. Thermal uniformity is a primary concern. In addition to losses in selectivity and decreased product yield, poor thermal management can reduce the efficiency of the continuous flow reactor system.
Physiological DNA Damage Promotes Functional Polyploidization of Mammary Gland Alveolar Cells During Lactation
Authors: Molinuevo Rut , Menendez Julien , Ariqat Nabeela , Choy Marie Klaire , Lagousis Cayla , Thomas Gwen , Strietzel Catherine , Bubolz J. , Hinck Lindsay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lactation insufficiency affects many women worldwide. During lactation, a large portion of mammary alveolar cells become polyploid, but how these cells couple the hyperproliferation occurring during normal lactogenesis with terminal differentiation is unknown. Here, we find DNA damage accumulates due to replication stress during pregnancy, activating the ATR-DNA damage response pathway. Modulation of DNA damage levels in vivo by intraductal injections of nucleosides or DNA damaging agents demonstrates that the degree of DNA damage accumulated during pregnancy governs endoreplication and milk production. We identify a mechanism involving early mitotic arrest through CDK1 inactivation, resulting in a heterogeneous alveolar population with regards to ploidy and nuclei number. The inactivation of CDK1 is mediated by the DNA damage response kinase WEE1 with heterozygous loss of Wee1 resulting in decreased endoreplication and milk production. Thus, we propose the DNA damage response to replication stress couples proliferation and endoreplication during mammary gland alveologenesis. Our study sheds light on mechanisms governing lactogenesis and provides non-hormonal means for increasing milk production.
Prognostic Significance of Tumor Budding in Patients with Pancreatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Who Received Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Ibuki Emi , Kadota Kyuichi , Kimura Nachino , Ishikawa Ryou , Oshima Minoru , Okano Keiichi , Haba Reiji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives: Neoadjuvant therapy is commonly used for invasive pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). Tumor budding and high podoplanin expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prognostic factors in patients with various carcinomas, including PDAC, who have not received neoadjuvant therapy. In this study, we investigated whether tumor budding and podoplanin-positive CAFs are associated with outcomes in Japanese PDAC patients with neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: Histopathological findings of surgically resected PDACs with neoadjuvant therapy were reviewed (2005–2018; n=97). In accordance with International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference recommendations, tumors were evaluated for budding at 20× magnification (/0.785 mm2), and at 40× magnification (/0.237 mm2; mean number of fields: 3) for podoplanin expression in CAFs (%). Disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival were analyzed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: After adjusting for T category, N category, resection margin, and adjuvant therapy, multivariate analysis showed tumor budding at 40× magnification was an independent prognostic factor for worse DSS (hazard ratio: 2.41, p=0.022). Tumor budding at 20× magnification and podoplanin-positive CAFs tended to be associated with worse DSS; however, these were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that tumor budding is an independent prognostic factor in PDAC patients with neoadjuvant therapy.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of inlet velocity on the combustion characteristics of a methane-air mixture in a millimeter-scale system with cavity flame stabilization
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In conventional lean-premixed combustion, cavities would typically be used to stabilize a flame in the operation of a burner. However, the precise mechanism underlying the stabilizing effect of the cavity method remains unclear. This study relates to the combustion characteristics of a millimeter-scale system with cavity flame stabilization. Numerical simulations are conducted to gain insights into burner performance such as temperatures, reaction rates, species concentrations, and flames. The effect of inlet velocity on flame stability is investigated. The factors affecting combustion characteristics and flame stability are determined. Design recommendations are provided. The results indicate that the combustion is stabilized by recirculation of hot combustion products induced by the cavity structure. The inlet velocity of the mixture is a critical factor in assuring flame stability within the millimeter-scale combustion system. There is a narrow range of inlet velocities that permit sustained combustion within the millimeter-scale combustion system. Fast flows can cause blowout and slow flows can cause extinction. There exists an optimum inlet velocity for greatest flame stability. When a cavity is used, the flame is anchored because the swirler induces recirculation of hot combustion products within the millimeter-scale combustion system. The recirculating, hot combustion products continuously contact and ignite the incoming fuel-air mixture, thereby anchoring the flame in the vicinity of the recirculation region.
Is best practice followed in the labelling of medicines; evidence from a pharmacy practice setting
Authors: Janani Tharmalinga Sharma Jegath , Senadheera Savini Gunitha , Samaranayake Prof. Nithushi Rajitha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Labelling of medicines can greatly impact the quality and safety of medicine use. Regulatory requirements of labelling must be met in a country.
Aim
This study was set out to assess the availability of vital information, and adherence to local regulatory guidelines as specified by the Guidelines on Labelling of Medicines (GLM) V1.0 of the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA), Sri Lanka in primary and secondary labels of medicines used in a selected state hospital.
Methods
An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 300 medicine labels using an online random number generator and considering the annual estimation list for state hospitals as total population (1032 medicines). A checklist was developed based on NMRA guidelines, selected medicine labels were obtained from the study hospital and were reviewed against the checklist.
Results
Among 300 labels assessed, 171(57%) were orals, 108(36%) were injectables, and 21(7%) were external preparations or local applications. Almost 40% were substandard medicine labels which did not include at least one of the essential information required by the regulations, and the strength was not indicated in the primary display panel of 5.3% of medicines. Further, 5.0% of labels of different strengths of the same medicine or different medicines of same manufacturer looked alike. However, 89.6% complied with the recommended format of the generic name followed by its pharmaceutical form and strength, and 84.0% specified its pharmacopeial monograph.
Conclusion
Although most labels contained basic medicines information, majority did not completely fulfil the regulatory requirements specified in GLM V1.0 which could challenge both quality and safety of medicine use. Divergence from the specified standards was observed throughout the study, which challenges the safe and quality use of medicines.
taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic ant subgenus Coptoformica Müller, 1923 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Seifert Bernhard , Schultz Roland 
Published: May 2022

A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic ant subgenus Coptoformica Müller, 1923 is presented based on Numeric Morphology-Based Alpha-Taxonomy (NUMOBAT). Indicated by five morphological and one morpho-ethological character, all species of the subgenus Coptoformica form a well-circumscribed group of undoubtedly monophyletic origin. Standardized morphological character systems were described numerically to allow objective hypothesis formation by exploratory data analyses and testing by hypothesis-driven data analyses. NUMOBAT data on 25 characters were recorded in a total of 944 samples (largely nest samples) with 3660 worker individuals and 402 gynes. Further 250 samples were investigated by subjective visual inspection. Comparative tables and keys to workers and gynes are presented. Intraspecific polymorphism is shown to represent a big challenge in Coptoformica taxonomy and is extremely developed in the Palaearctic population of Formica exsecta in which occurrence of distinct, most certainly genetically determined morphs within the same nest mound is no rare phenomenon. With the exception of Formica bruni x pressilabris, no conclusive indications on interspecific hybridization exist in Coptoformica. The complete absence of comparative studies on nuclear DNA and the abundance of cryptic species are probable explanations for this low level of hybrid identification. Considering 32 available names, the survey recognized 14 good species, 15 junior synonyms and 3 names not interpretable to species level (Incertae Sedis). Taxonomic changes relative to the revision of Seifert (2000) were as follows: Elevation to species rank was performed in Formica longiceps Dlussky, 1964 and F. brunneonitida Dlussky, 1964 whereas F. caucasicola spec. nov. was described as new Caucasian endemic species. Formica fossilabris Dlussky, 1965 has been recognized as junior synonym of F. pisarskii Dlussky, 1964.

Nomenklatorische Handlungen
F. caucasicola spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFC74CC6-8FDA-4335-B902-E17C87AC8BB3
Description of a new species of the genus Echinodera Wollaston, 1863 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and supplement to the weevil fauna of Kefalonia Island (Greece)
Authors: Germann Christoph , Schütte André 
Published: May 2022

The revision of specimens which had been attributed to Echinodera cf. brisouti (Reitter, 1885) results here in the description of E. stuebeni spec. nov. The morphologically similar species Echinodera peneckei Stüben, 1998 stat. nov. is promoted to species rank, from a subspecies of E. brisouti. These taxonomic changes are supported by both, the comparison of the DNA barcodes of COI, and the investigation of morphological characters. The barcode of Echinodera peneckei is provided for the first time. In a first supplement to the faunistic list of the Curculionoidea of Kefalonia, seven further species are recorded here.
Taxonomic acts
Echinodera stuebeni spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA93775A-0021-40CE-9280-14550A14BFF6
Groundwater quality assessment in proximity to solid waste dumpsite at Uruli Devachi in Pune, Maharashtra
Authors: Nihalani Seema A. , Behede S. N. , Meeruty A. R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Industrialization and population growth lead to changes in the quantity as well as composition of the solid waste produced in a city. This further leads to environmental pollution and deterioration of soil as well as groundwater quality in many cities. Improper management of solid waste results in several challenges for the city inhabitants, predominantly those living around these solid waste dumpsites. If not handled properly, these dumpsites have the potential of polluting various air, water sources, land, and even vegetation. The current study was carried out for Uruli-Devachi dumpsite at Pune, Maharashtra with an objective to evaluate the groundwater quality and to confirm whether it is suitable for drinking. Samples of groundwater were taken from distinct locations including two bore and seven open wells for conditions before and after the monsoon. To ascertain the groundwater suitability for drinking, the physico-chemical characteristics were compared with Indian Standards. The chemical characteristics showed presence of excess chloride, BOD, TSS, zinc, and chromium, which can be attributed to landfill leachate joining the groundwater. The study shows that the borewells around the dumpsite are critically polluted and cause of pollution being leachate coming from the dumpsite. The periodic addition of the solid waste in the dumpsite shall further lead to deterioration of the groundwater quality in the surrounding areas; therefore, suitable steps are necessary to avert further aggravation of the problem.
HIGHLIGHTS Solid waste disposal causes various environmental and health problems in nearby areas. Determination of physico-chemical characteristics of water is crucial in assessing water suitability. Representative samples were analysed for different physical and chemical parameters. Evaluation of ground water quality revealed ground water quality in the study area. Study indicates an imperative requisite solid waste handling.