bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework for the Statistical Shape Analysis of Brain Structures using SPHARM-PDM
Authors: Styner Martin , Oguz Ipek , Xu Shun , Brechbuehler Christian , Pantazis Dimitrios , Levitt James J , Shenton Martha E , Gerig Guido 
Published: January 2022

Shape analysis has become of increasing interest to the neuroimaging community due to its potential to precisely locate morphological changes between healthy and pathological structures. This manuscript presents a comprehensive set of tools for the computation of 3D structural statistical shape analysis. It has been applied in several studies on brain morphometry, but can potentially be employed in other 3D shape problems. Its main limitations is the necessity of spherical topology.The input of the proposed shape analysis is a set of binary segmentation of a single brain structure, such as the hippocampus or caudate. These segmentations are converted into a corresponding spherical harmonic description (SPHARM), which is then sampled into a triangulated surfaces (SPHARM-PDM). After alignment, differences between groups of surfaces are computed using the Hotelling
T^2
T2 two sample metric. Statistical p-values, both raw and corrected for multiple comparisons, result in significance maps. Additional visualization of the group tests are provided via mean difference magnitude and vector maps, as well as maps of the group covariance information.The correction for multiple comparisons is performed via two separate methods that each have a distinct view of the problem. The first one aims to control the family-wise error rate (FWER) or false-positives via the extrema histogram of non-parametric permutations. The second method controls the false discovery rate and results in a less conservative estimate of the false-negatives. New NITRC page for binary distribution
ITK Tutorial Presentation Slides
Authors: Ibanez Luis , Ng Lydia , Cates Josh , Aylward Stephen , Lorensen Bill , Jomier Julien 
Published: January 2022

This course introduces attendees to select open-source efforts in the field of medical image analysis. Opportunities for users and developers are presented. The course particularly focuses on the open-source Insight Toolkit (ITK) for medical image segmentation and registration. The course describes the procedure for downloading and installing the toolkit and covers the use of its data representation and filtering classes. Attendees are shown how ITK can be used in their research, rapid prototyping, and application development.LEARNING OUTCOMES After completing this course, attendees will be able to: contribute to and benefit from open-source software for medical image analysis download and install the ITK toolkit start their own software project based on ITK design and construct an image processing pipeline combine ITK filters for medical image segmentation combine ITK components for medical image registrationINTENDED AUDIENCE This course is intended for anyone involved in medical image analysis. In particular it targets graduate students, researchers and professionals in the areas of computer science and medicine. Attendees should have an intermediate level on object oriented programming with C++ and must be familiar with the basics of medical image processing and analysis.
Point Set Processing for VTK - Outlier Removal, Curvature Estimation, Normal Estimation, Normal Orientation
Authors: Doria David 
Published: January 2022

This document presents a set of classes (vtkPointSetOutlierRemoval, vtkPointSetNormalEstimation, vtkPointSetNormalOrientation, vtkPointSetCurvatureEstimation, vtkEuclideanMinimumSpanningTree, and vtkRiemannianGraphFilter) to enable several basic operations on point sets. These classes are implemented as VTK filters. Paraview plugin interfaces to the filters are also provided to allow extremely easy experimentation with the new functionality. We propose these classes as an addition to the Visualization Toolkit.The latest source code can be found here: https://github.com/daviddoria/PointSetProcessing
Mutable Priority Queue Container
Authors: Gelas Arnaud , Gouaillard Alexandre , Megason Sean 
Published: January 2022

When dealing with functional minimization, or maximization, it can sometimes be solved by a greedy algorithm. To implement greedy algorithm one needs priority queue container, i.e. get for a very low cost the lowest or highest element present in a sorted container. Whenever the priority of one element present in the queue needs to be modified, standard implementations, like , can not be applied directly. VTK has is own implementation which is not templated and can only be applied for and for the minimizing the functional. We propose here an implementation of a mutable priority queue container where element, priority, and objective (minimization or maximization) are given by template arguments. Our implementation allows to minimize or maximize a given functional, and any element can be modified, deleted at any time, and with a low cost.
How Novo Nordisk Used Porter’s Concept of Shared Value Achieving Profitable Business and Healthy Society "Professional Approach"
Authors: KHERCHI Ishak , FELLAGUE Mohamed , HADDOU Samira Ahlem 
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to provide shared value as a new approach for pharmaceutical company to create social and economic value, in addition to that we aims to provide a theoretical background of the concept, then a practical contributions that ground understanding the concept of creating shared value.
The authors analyse a single case study of Novo Nordisk. The objective is to show for professionals the importance of this new approach in creating social and economic value.
We found that Novo Nordisk used this new approach of creating shared value by following set of social and economic programs; we also provide new approach of doing business for pharmaceutical companies.
This single case study provides new approach to create social and economic value for pharmaceutical companies; however, more research is needed to find other approaches or testing the same approach in other industries.
The paper has practical implications that relate to the design of shared value approach. We provide practical approach and ideas that could be applied by other companies to reach shared value creation professionals could use these ideas to create social and economic value.
A professional unique approach to create social and economic value for pharmaceutical companies.
Measuring Corporate Governance Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): Case of Algerian Companies
Authors: HADJ-SAHRAOUI Hamoudi , Chiboub Rima 
Published: January 2022

During the last decades, and according to its effect on financial performance, the measuring of corporate governance systems has been the subject of many empirical studies. In this side and in order to arrange the Algerian companies, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is concerning as a multi-criteria decision-making method, has been used to analyze the data of 16 companies during the period 2010-2013.
The findings are as follows: (1) in contrast to the property type which determines the financial performance, the relationships between corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance are weak and sometimes negative (2) according to AHP results, the corporate governance systems of private companies are the best.
The role of accounting knowledge in supporting and enhancing accounting practice in light of the internationalization of accounting education
Authors: RASHWAN Abd El Rahman Mohmmed , Abu Arab Heba H.M. 
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to identify the role of accounting knowledge in supporting and enhancing accounting practice in light of the internationalization of accounting education, in order to answer the questions and test the hypotheses of the study, the researchers relied on the descriptive-analytical approach, and to obtain the relevant data, a questionnaire was distributed after its evaluation to the study population.
The results of the study proved that there is a role for scientific, technical and practical accounting qualification in promoting accounting practice in light of the internationalization of accounting education.
The study recommended the necessity of taking into account the development plans in universities to provide time for faculty members in the accounting departments in Palestinian universities to develop their scientific knowledge in line with the internationalization of accounting education.
How government withdrawal affects corporate social performance?
Authors: Khan Farman Ullah , Zhang Junrui , Ullah Sajid , Usman Muhammad , Ali Shahid 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate whether government withdrawal affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance, and how CEO’s political connection moderates its relationship. We use sample data from Chinese listed firms over the 2010 to 2015 period to test our hypotheses. We find that decrease in state ownership through government withdrawal tends to negatively affect firms’ CSR performance, but the CEO’s political connection weakens its negative relationship and increases the firm’s likelihood towards CSR activities. Our findings imply that firm’s social engagement mainly result from high governmental involvement, and usually from political connections, because such firms are subject to close scrutiny by stakeholders and thus are more likely to improve social performance. Moreover, this research provides important implications to policy makers regarding the social outcomes of government withdrawal and the usefulness of firms’ political connection in developing economies like China.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar si la retirada del gobierno afecta al rendimiento de la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC), y cómo la conexión política del CEO modera su relación. Utilizamos los datos de una muestra de empresas chinas que cotizan en bolsa durante el período 2010-2015 para comprobar nuestras hipótesis. Encontramos que la disminución de la propiedad estatal a través de la retirada del gobierno tiende a afectar negativamente a los resultados de RSC de las empresas, pero la conexión política del CEO debilita su relación negativa y aumenta la probabilidad de la empresa hacia las actividades de RSC. Nuestras conclusiones implican que el compromiso social de las empresas se debe principalmente a la alta participación gubernamental, y normalmente a las conexiones políticas, porque estas empresas están sometidas a un estrecho escrutinio por parte de las partes interesadas y, por lo tanto, es más probable que mejoren sus resultados sociales. Además, esta investigación ofrece importantes implicaciones para los responsables políticos en relación con los resultados sociales de la retirada del gobierno y la utilidad de la conexión política de las empresas en economías en desarrollo como China.
El nomadismo contemporáneo y el sentimiento de pertenencia. El jinete polaco, de Antonio Muñoz Molina y El viajero del siglo, de Andrés Neuman: dos casos paradigmáticos
Authors: Enache vic Irina 
Published: January 2022

Este artículo se propone estudiar el nomadismo contemporáneo y sus implicaciones identitarias en relación con la noción de pertenencia. Una reflexión antropológica y filosófica en tono al concepto de ‘nomadismo’ intentará evidenciar los fundamentos del revival contemporáneo de este fenómeno como modo cada vez más generalizado de estar en el mundo y distinguir, en la estela de Braidotti y Maffesoli, dos modalidades: el ‘nomadismo desarraigado (o descentrado)’ y el ‘nomadismo dinámicamente arraigado’. Examinaremos sus características en los protagonistas de las novelas El jinete polaco (1991) de Antonio Muñoz Molina y El viajero del siglo (2009) de Andrés Neuman, que ilustran, a nuestro modo de ver, los dos tipos de identidades nómadas.
Las coordenadas de la identidad en las producciones culturales hispánicas
Authors: Souto Luz 
Published: January 2022

Volumen 10 de la revista Diablotexto Digital: Las coordenadas de la identidad en las producciones culturales hispánicas, coordinado por María Morant Giner, Núria Lorente Queralt, Raúl Molina Gil.
First report of fatty acids in Mimosadiplotricha bee pollen with in vitro lipase inhibitory activity
Authors: Khongkarat Phanthiwa , Traiyasut Prapun , Phuwapraisirisan Preecha , Chanchao Chanpen 
Published: January 2022

Bee pollen (BP) is full of nutrients and phytochemicals, and so it is widely used as a health food and alternative medicine. Its composition and bioactivity mainly depend on the floral pollens. In this work, BP collected by Apis mellifera with different monoculture flowering crops (BP1-6) were used. The types of floral pollen in each BP were initially identified by morphology, and subsequently confirmed using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Data from both approaches were consistent and revealed each BP to be monofloral and derived from the flowers of Camellia sinensis L., Helianthus annuus L., Mimosa diplotricha, Nelumbo nucifera, Xyris complanata, and Ageratum conyzoides for BP1 to BP6, respectively. The crude extracts of all six BPs were prepared by sequential partition with methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. The crude extracts were then tested for the in vitro (i) α-amylase inhibitory, (ii) acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI), and (iii) porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory (PPLI) activities in terms of the percentage enzyme inhibition and half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50). The DCM partitioned extract of X. complanata BP (DCMXBP) had the highest active α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1,792.48 ± 50.56 µg/mL. The DCM partitioned extracts of C. sinensis L. BP (DCMCBP) and M. diplotricha BP (DCMMBP) had the highest PPLI activities with an IC50 value of 458.5 ± 13.4 and 500.8 ± 24.8 µg/mL, respectively), while no crude extract showed any marked AChEI activity. Here, the in vitro PPLI activity was focused on. Unlike C. sinensis L. BP, there has been no previous report of M. diplotricha BP having PPLI activity. Hence, DCMMBP was further fractionated by silica gel 60 column chromatography, pooling fractions with the same thin layer chromatography profile. The pooled fraction of DCMMBP2-1 was found to be the most active (IC50 of 52.6 ± 3.5 µg/mL), while nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed the presence of unsaturated free fatty acids. Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection analysis revealed the major fatty acids included one saturated acid (palmitic acid) and two polyunsaturated acids (linoleic and linolenic acids). In contrast, the pooled fraction of DCMMBP2-2 was inactive but pure, and was identified as naringenin, which has previously been reported to be present in M. pigra L. Thus, it can be concluded that naringenin was compound marker for Mimosa BP. The fatty acids in BP are nutritional and pose potent PPLI activity.
A causal assessment of blindness in schools for blind in southern Rajasthan
Authors: Kiri Hardik , Mohanty Lipa , Goyal Seemal 
Published: January 2022

Aims:
To determine the causes of blindness and major anatomical site of lesion leading to blindness in schools for blind in Southern Rajasthan.

Study Design:
Survey based observational study.

Methods:
All the students (114) of blind schools were included in study. All data were recorded using a modified World Heath Organization Prevention of Blindness (WHO/PBL) eye examination record for children, including the anatomical and aetiogical classification. This was used to categorize the causes of blindness and to record the findings using the definitions in the coding instructions.

Statistical analysis used:
The data were entered into a database and analyzed using SPSS version 21 for Windows.

Results:
Whole globe was affected in majority of the students (36.9%) which led to blindness, followed by uvea (15.8%), lens (14.9%), cornea (14%), optic nerve (9.6%), and retina (8.8%). In majority of students exact aetiology which led to blindness could not be determined (62.3%). 14% students had hereditary factors, 2.6% had neonatal factors and 21.1% had childhood factors which led to vision loss.

Conclusions:
52.7% students had avoidable cause of blindness. 33.4% students had preventable causes and 19.3% students had treatable causes. Childhood factors have become increasingly significant as causes of visual loss in children who became blind after the year 2000.
Presence of SARS-Cov-2 in Nasopharyngeal and Conjunctival Swab of Residents of Hotspot Areas of Jaipur
Authors: Singh Rekha , Gupta Madhu , Ali Mohammad Abbas , Sharma Narottam , Mathur Avinsha , Arora Vijay , Krishnia Vikas 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic, is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2). This is still a big question, whether the corona virus is present inconjunctival secretion or not? The relationship between COVID-19 and the ocular surface (conjunctiva, corneal epithelium and tear film) as a potential portal of entry and as a transmission mechanism is currently under discussion due to the high transmission rate of the disease. We did this study to identify presence of the virus at the conjunctiva and prevention of spread in the ophthalmology context.

Methods:
This Community based descriptive observational study was done in different hot spot areas by department of ophthalmology of government RDBP Jaipuria hospital (attached RUHS-CMS) Jaipur, Rajasthan in collaboration with CMHO Jaipur team. Total 158 subjects from the 4 hotspot areas of 18 years to 60 years age group (those who had history of contact with COVID positive patient) were included in our study and ophthalmological evaluation is done by torch light and tested for presence of SARS-Cov-2 by RT-PCR method in nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swab samples.

Results:
Out of total 158 subjects, in all 4 hotspot areas (A+B+C+D), 37 (23%) were symptomatic, rest 121 were asymptomatic. In hotspot area C (closed campus), out of total 37 subjects, 20 were symptomatic. At all the 4 hotspots (A+B+C+D) out of total 158 screened subjects 29 (18.35%) were positive for nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 but none of them had positive conjunctivalswab. At hotspot C (closed campus) out of total 37 screened subjects 16 (43.24%) were positive for nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 but none of them had positive conjunctival swab.

Conclusions:
On the basis of our study, we can conclude that risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely through conjunctical secretions if patient is asymptomatic.
Change in Perimetric Global Indices Following Cataract Surgery in Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Arora Sandeep , Karandikar Sumita 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To study the change in perimetric global indices following cataract surgery in patients with glaucoma & Comparison of preoperative & postoperative perimetric indices.

Methodology:
This Prospective study was conducted in a major tertiary care hospital. Approval of Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before start of the study. 31 Eyes of 18 Patients with co-existing cataract & Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), who were well controlled & stable on medical therapy were screened for the study & recruited as per inclusion & exclusion criteria. Follow up visits were at one & three months. Appropriate statistical analysis was done.

Result:
Mean MD (Mean Deviation) improved significantly from -10.77 ± 9.39 dB pre-operatively to -6.52 ± 6.75 dB post-operatively at 3 months (i.e. by 4 dB)(P value < 0.0001). 39% eyes showed improvement in MD < 2dB; 26% eyes showed improvement 2dB to 4dB & 23% showed change more than 8dB at 3 months. Mean PSD (Pattern Standard Deviation) worsened post-operatively by approximately 1dB from 4.88 ± 3.82 dB pre-operatively to 5.78 ± 4.30 dB post-operatively at 3 months. Majority of eyes showed worsening less than 2dB. (84% at 1month which increased to 94% at 3months). This was statistically significant (P value <0.004 at 1month; <0.006 at 3 months)

Conclusion:
In POAG patients, with presence of coexisting cataract, MD is more affected than PSD. Hence, PSD is a more useful index to monitor glaucoma in these patients. Moreover, predominantly posterior subcapsular cataract doesn’t affect PSD as much as it affects the MD.
Variation in Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Distribution among Students of a Tertiary Institution in Port-Harcourt
Authors: Ojeka S. O. , Ibulubo T. G. , Saronee F. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Globally, reports on diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases have shown to pose a major pitfall of health challenge, resulting in mortality especially among middle and low-income groups in developing countries.
Aim: This research was therefore undertaken to determine the variation in blood glucose and blood pressure distribution among individual students of a tertiary institution in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Methodology: This is a randomized cross sectional observational study. 220 apparently healthy students (54 male and 166 female) of Rivers State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology (RIVSCOHSMAT), Port Harcourt were recruited into the study, Fasting blood glucose and blood pressure were determined using glucometer and sphygmomanometer respectively.
Results: The results show the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension as 8.2% and 10.5% respectively. The results revealed that 2.3% of the population was pre-diabetic with a higher prevalence in men (5.6%) compared to females (1.2%). Male subjects had significantly higher fasting blood sugar, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure compared to the females (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study revealed gender differences in blood glucose homeostasis between women and men. More awareness is needed to encourage a healthier lifestyle to reduce the burden of diabetes and hypertension.
Fetal Renal Volume and Fetal Renal Artery Doppler in Normal and Intrauterine Growth Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Al Ashmawy Samar Reyad Mostafa , Algergawy Adel Alshahat , Dabees Naglaa Lotfy , Mahfouz Amal El-sayed 
Published: January 2022

Background: Human fetal kidney undergoes constant changes throughout the pregnancy to attain final maturity in terms of structural and functional aspect. Approximately one million nephrons are seen on either side at birth in term fetuses. Many factors both maternal and fetal affect nephrogenesis viz. maternal malnutrition, maternal hyperglycemia, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), vitamin A deficiency, and fetal exposure to some drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the fetal renal artery Doppler parameter and fetal kidney volume measured by 3D ultrasound system with (VOCAL) method in normally grown and growth restricted fetuses after 26 weeks of gestation.
Methods: This prospective study include 60 pregnant women divided in to two groups, first one (A) contains 30 pregnant women with intrauterine growth restricted fetuses, and the second one (B) contains 30 pregnant women with normally grown fetuses.
Results: There was insignificant differences between two groups as regard gestational age by date but gestational age by US there was significant decrease in group A. There were insignificant differences between two groups as regard length of kidney either right or left. There was significant decrease in kidney width right and left side in group A versus group B. There was significant decrease in kidney depth right and left side in group A versus group B. There was significant decrease in kidney volume right and left side in group A versus group B. There was significant decrease in combined kidney volume in group A versus group B. There was significant increase in renal artery PI, RI in group A versus group B.
Conclusions: Fetal hypoxemia which occurs in growth restricted fetuses leads to reduction in the percentage of the cardiac output reaching the kidneys which was reflected on Doppler as increase in the renal artery pulsatility index causing reduced renal perfusion. This reduction in the renal perfusion was responsible for impaired nephrogenesis and thus decreased kidney volume in growth restricted fetuses as compared to normal fetuses.