bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Statins and Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Dyslipidemia Using Large-Scale Health Insurance Claims Data
Authors: Maeda-Minami Ayako , Takagi Masayuki , Mano Yasunari , Ishikawa Hideki , Matsuyama Yutaka , Mutoh Michihiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Recent experimental studies have examined the efficacy of statins in preventing cancer, but the findings of clinical studies are inconsistent, and studies on Japanese patients are limited. This study aimed to clarify the association between statins and cancer risk among Japanese patients. We conducted a large population-based retrospective cohort study using the Japanese health insurance claims database, including patients newly diagnosed with dyslipidemia between 2005 and 2015. Patients who were on newly prescribed statins during the study period were designated as statin users. They were matched 1:1 with randomly selected drug nonusers who were not prescribed drugs for dyslipidemia according to age, sex, and year of first diagnosis of dyslipidemia. There were 23,746 patients in each group. The mean duration of follow-up for statin users and drug nonusers was approximately 2 years. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, significant reduction in cancer risk was observed in statin users compared with that in drug nonusers [adjusted HR = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–0.97; adjusted for patient background factors]. The results of subgroup analyses suggested that prescribed statins reduced the incidence of cancer of the digestive organs (adjusted HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–0.99) as well as reduced cancer risk in patients with nonsmokers (adjusted HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.65–0.92). Our results suggest that statin use may reduce cancer risk in patients with dyslipidemia.

Prevention Relevance:
This study clarified the relationship between statin use and cancer risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Our study will contribute to medicine selection in patients with hypercholesterolemia level.
See related Spotlight, p. 1
The Diplomatic Glass Cliff: Women’s Representation and Diplomacy’s Decline
Authors: Stephenson Elise 
Published: August 2022

Summary
For the first time in history, women in Australian diplomacy have equal or near-equal representation in leadership whilst the institution they represent is shrinking — in funding, footprint and status. Even if simply a natural shift in policy priorities, this diplomatic ‘glass cliff’ has specifically gendered effects. Indeed, ‘hard’ militaristic agencies — where funding and prestige flow — remain pockets of gender resistance in Australian international affairs. This article employs a combination of qualitative interview analysis as well as quantitative longitudinal data on gender representation and agency funding across four case agencies to argue that women are gaining positions of diplomatic leadership just as diplomacy’s relative power, influence and funding decreases. It contributes to women’s leadership research in finding that women’s increased opportunities in leadership are therefore constrained by the declining status or shrinking nature of the institution to which they are gaining access.
Another God in the Gospel of John? A Linguistic Analysis of John 1:1 and 1:18
Authors: Smarius Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article is a new study of the word θεός in the Gospel of John, especially in the cases in which it does not refer to the Father. In the Prologue, θεός is twice used to define the Word, the one close to the Father (1:1, 18). These instances are mostly understood as denoting divine quality shared by the Father and the Word. It is argued that linguistic considerations are compelling enough to consider a different interpretation: the Word can be understood as a second, non-competitive deity, a notion that is not as incompatible with John’s monotheism as is generally thought.
Introduction
Authors: Torollo David 
Published: August 2022

Introduction presents Sefer ha-Pardes in its broad context, argues why it is of interest, and sets out the aims of the monograph.
Chapter 1 focuses on the transmission and reception of Sefer ha-Pardes. It offers a description of the three sixteenth-century manuscripts that contain the work, as well as of the sixteenth-century Constantinople printed edition, and the nineteenth-century reproductions (Ha-Levanon and ʾoṣar ha-sifrut), highlighting the interest that a Provençal work received in Italy and the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century and in Ashkenaz three centuries later. The chapter also explores the work’s structure, and explains the differences in the arrangement of the content in the two textual families that can be identified: (1) the three manuscripts and the Ha-Levanon version, and (2) the Constantinople printed edition and the ʾoṣar ha-sifrut publication.
Chapter 2 deals with the content of the different chapters of Sefer ha-Pardes. In the prologue, the author of Sefer ha-Pardes explains his method: he will write new moral sayings that will be elegant, brief and comprehensible. Then he writes chapters on different topics, such as the service of God, friendship, the deceitfulness of this world, the value of wisdom, medicine, judging, logic, sophism, music, magic, and poetry. But unusually, these epigrams lack practicality or a direct application: it seems that the author is teaching the reader how to feel about the epigrams, rather than how to use them in their daily life.
Chapter 3 situates Sefer ha-Pardes within the intellectual environment and literary tradition of Provence, where compilations of epigrams and meshalim flourished in the thirteenth century. The chapter also sheds light on the transformation of the Provençal Jewry from a Torah-centred community to a hub of philosophical and secular study. Its ultimate goal is to understand the literary work within a cultural sphere in which it is both a product and an agent.
Conclusion opens future lines of research by linking the compilation of Sefer ha-Pardes to the compilatory practices of troubadour lyrics that non-Jewish Provençal authors carried out at the same time and in the same place, illustrating the need to situate Hebrew writing in a non-Hebrew context.
Evolution of Uncertainty in Terrestrial Carbon Storage in Earth System Models from CMIP5 to CMIP6
Authors: Wei Ning , Xia Jianyang , Zhou Jian , Jiang Lifen , Cui Erqian , Ping Jiaye , Luo Yiqi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial carbon storage play a pivotal role in regulating future climate change. However, Earth system models (ESMs), which have coupled the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere, show great uncertainty in simulating the global land carbon storage. Here, based on multiple global datasets and a traceability analysis, we diagnosed the uncertainty source of terrestrial carbon storage in 22 ESMs that participated in phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6). The modeled global terrestrial carbon storage has converged among ESMs from CMIP5 (1936.9 ± 739.3 PgC) to CMIP6 (1774.4 ± 439.0 PgC) but is persistently lower than the observation-based estimates (2285 ± 669 PgC). By further decomposing terrestrial carbon storage into net primary production (NPP) and ecosystem carbon residence time (τE), we found that the decreased intermodel spread in land carbon storage primarily resulted from more accurate simulations on NPP among ESMs from CMIP5 to CMIP6. The persistent underestimation of land carbon storage was caused by the biased τE. In CMIP5 and CMIP6, the modeled τE was far shorter than the observation-based estimates. The potential reasons for the biased τE could be the lack of or incomplete representation of nutrient limitation, vertical soil biogeochemistry, and the permafrost carbon cycle. Moreover, the modeled τE became the key driver for the intermodel spread in global land carbon storage in CMIP6. Overall, our study indicates that CMIP6 models have greatly improved the terrestrial carbon cycle, with a decreased model spread in global terrestrial carbon storage and less uncertain productivity. However, more efforts are needed to understand and reduce the persistent data–model disagreement on carbon storage and residence time in the terrestrial biosphere.
Association of Sinonasal Computed Tomography Scores to Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Chidarala Shreya , Young Gabrielle , Jeong Seth S. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Edwards Thomas S. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of proposed sinus computed tomography (CT) scoring systems and determine their association with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.Review MethodsA systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) for studies describing CT scores and PROMs in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.ResultsA total of 144 studies were included. Out of 20,741 patients, 53.6% were male and 55.5% had nasal polyposis. A meta‐analysis of correlations revealed a moderate correlation between Lund‐McKay (LM) and the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22; r = 0.434, P < .001) and a weaker correlation between LM and the 20‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐20; r = 0.257, P = .039). Meta‐regression also revealed a weak association between LM and SNOT‐20 (n = 25 studies) but no significant associations between Zinreich score and SNOT‐22 or LM scores and PROMs, including SNOT‐22 (n = 94 studies), Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (n = 25), nasal obstruction visual analog scale (n = 15), Chronic Sinusitis Survey (n = 12), Total Nasal Symptom Score (n = 4), Total Symptom Score (n = 3), and 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey (n = 3).ConclusionThere is essentially little association between radiologic grade and PROMs. CT grading systems with improved clinical utility are needed.
Quantification of parenchymal fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis: relation to atrophy and pancreatic function
Authors: Steinkohl Emily , Olesen Søren Schou , Hansen Tine Maria , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum 
Published: August 2022

Background Non-invasive modalities for assessing chronic pancreatitis (CP) are needed in clinical practice. Purpose To investigate the correlation between magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times (as proxies of fibrosis) and explore their relationships to gland volume and pancreatic functions in patients with CP and healthy controls (HCs). Material and Methods In 49 patients with CP and 35 HCs, pancreatic stiffness, T1 relaxation times, and gland volume were assessed. Fecal elastase and the presence of diabetes were used to evaluate pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions. Uni- and multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze correlations between imaging parameters. Results There was a positive correlation between MRE-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times in patients with CP (R2 = 0.42; P < 0.001) and HCs (R2 = 0.14; P = 0.028). There was no correlation between MRE-derived stiffness and gland volume in patients (R2 = 0.007; P = 0.065) or HCs (R2 = 0.010; P = 0.57). T1 relaxation time was correlated to gland volume (R2 = 0.19; P = 0.002) in patients with CP but not in the HCs ( P = 0.056). Severity of pancreatic functional impairment was reflected by increased fibrosis-related parameters in patients without functional impairment, followed by a further increase in fibrosis-related parameters and reduction in gland volume in patients with pancreatic functional impairments. Conclusion Pancreatic MRE-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times might reflect early pathophysiological changes in CP. The dynamic correlation with pancreatic function suggests that these parameters may be useful for the non-invasive and early identification of CP.
HNE Induces the Hyperexpression of MUC5AC in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps by Activating the TRAF6/Autophagy Regulatory Axis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Qi Jing , Yan Danqing , Deng Yangquan , Zhang Jian , Luo Qing 
Published: August 2022

Background Hypersecretion of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a prominent feature of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and autophagy plays a pivotal role in this process. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) functions as a signal transducer in many inflammation diseases, whereas the correlation between TRAF6 and autophagy in CRSwNP remains unclear. Objective To investigate the role of TRAF6 in the human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-induced autophagy and mucin MUC5AC over-expression in CRSwNP. Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from control subjects and patients with CRSwNP. The relationships between HNE, TRAF6, autophagy, and MUC5AC were investigated. The effect of TRAF6 on HNE-mediated autophagy and hypersecretion of MUC5AC was assessed by in-vitro culture of HNECs treated with human recombinant HNE. Results Patients with CRSwNP had more protein expression of HNE, MUC5AC, TRAF6, and light chain (LC3B), and increased levels of Beclin-1(BECN1) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) in mRNA level. Treatment of nasal epithelial cells with recombinant HNE induced the upregulation of TRAF6, autophagy, and MUC5AC. Alternatively, si-TRAF6 or autophagy inhibitor treatment mitigates the hyperexpression of MUC5AC before incubating with recombinant HNE. Conclusion HNE promotes autophagy through TRAF6, resulting in hyperexpression of MUC5AC in CRSwNP.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and impact on visual outcomes in patients with viral retinitis and retinal detachment
Authors: Zhou Ashley , Ong Sally S. , Ahmed Ishrat , Arevalo J. Fernando , Cai Cindy X. , Handa James T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile socioeconomic disparities impact clinical care and patient outcomes, their impact on the anatomic and visual outcomes of retinal detachment in patients with viral retinitis is unstudied. This case series included 18 eyes in 18 patients from a single academic institution between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. Patient characteristics including age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance, immunosuppression, viral retinitis, retinal detachment, retinal detachment repair, visual and anatomic outcomes, missed appointments, and Area Deprivation Index [ADI] were collected. The low-ADI group, indicating less socioeconomic disadvantage, was comprised of twelve patients with national ADIs less than 38, and the high-ADI group of six patients with national ADIs greater than 38. High-ADI patients tended to be younger (average age 38.0 versus 51.3; P = 0.06), of female sex (P = 0.03), and had more missed appointments (median 11.0 vs 0; P = 0.002). A similar number of patients in both the high-ADI and low-ADI groups underwent pars plana vitrectomy alone or pars plana vitrectomy with scleral buckle. Visual acuity was similar in the high-ADI group than in the low-ADI group at baseline, but worse at the final follow-up visit (P = 0.004). Post-operative and final visit ocular hypotony were more common in the high-ADI group (P = 0.02). In our series, socioeconomic disadvantage negatively affects the visual outcomes in patients with viral retinitis associated-retinal detachments. These factors should be considered by ophthalmologists when treating these patients.
Multiple roles of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B) in human tumors: a pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Li Ni , Zhu Linwen , Zhen Dawei , Li Mengqi , Chen Hang , Ye Mengmeng , Wei Yiqin , Shao Guofeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough there have been some recent cell and animal experiments indicating that expression of the gene encoding apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B) is closely related to cancer, it still lacks pan-cancer analysis. Here we analyzed the potential carcinogenic role of APOBEC3B in 33 tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). APOBEC3B was highly expressed in most tumors and weakly expressed in a few. Differences in expression level were significantly correlated with the pathological tumor stage and prognosis of affected patients. The high-frequency APOBEC3B changes were principally mutations and amplifications in some tumors, such as uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas or cutaneous melanomas. In testicular germ cell tumors and invasive breast carcinomas, APOBEC3B expression and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were correlated. In other cancers, such as human papilloma virus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinomas or esophageal adenocarcinomas, there was also cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration. The APOBEC3B enzyme acts in the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain and in oxidative phosphorylation. This first pan-cancer study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multiple roles of APOBEC3B in different tumor types.
Acceptability of telephone-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (T-CPR) practice in a resource-limited country- a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Fareed , Khan Uzma Rahim , Soomar Salman Muhammad , Raheem Ahmed , Naeem Rubaba , Naveed Abid , Razzak Junaid Abdul , Khan Nadeem Ullah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
T-CPR has been shown to increase bystander CPR rates dramatically and is associated with improved patient survival.

Objective
To evaluate the acceptability of T-CPR by the bystanders and identify baseline quality measures of T-CPR in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2018 at the Aman foundation command and control center. Data was collected from audiotaped phone calls of patients who required assistance from the Aman ambulance and on whom the EMS telecommunicator recognized the need for CPR and provided instructions. Information was recorded using a structured questionnaire on demographics, the status of the patient, and different time variables involved in CPR performance. A One-way ANOVA was used to compare different time variables with recommended AHA guidelines. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
There were 481 audiotaped calls in which CPR instruction was given, listened to, and recorded data. Out of which in 459(95.4%) of cases CPR was attempted Majority of the patients were males (n = 278; 57.8%) and most had witnessed cardiac arrest (n = 470; 97.7%) at home (n = 430; 89.3%). The mean time to recognize the need for CPR by an EMS telecommunicator was 4:59 ± 1:59(min), while the mean time to start CPR instruction by a bystander was 5:28 ± 2:24(min). The mean time to start chest compression was 6:04 ± 1:52(min.).

Conclusion
Our results show the high acceptability of T-CPR by bystanders. We also found considerable delays in recognizing cardiac arrest and initiation of CPR by telecommunicators. Further training of telecommunicators could reduce these delays.
Use of folic acid supplementation to halt and even reverse the progression of gastric precancerous conditions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lei Jing , Ren Fugang , Li Wenyuan , Guo Xiaochuan , Liu Qingsong , Gao Hongjing , Pang Yaobin , He Yingjie , Guo Jing , Zeng Jinhao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Current data indicate that supplements such as folic acid and vitamin B may be beneficial in halting and even reversing atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia, generally referred to as gastric precancerous conditions(GPC). However, there is no Meta-analysis article to evaluate the prevention and treatment of folic acid in the gastric precancerous conditions. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to confirm the efficacy of folic acid in treating GPC.

Methods
Using a systematic review method, consider randomized controlled trials (RCT), including clinical trial reports, unpublished clinical trial data, and conference papers. The search time was been set from the database’s establishment to June 2, 2021. The language was not limited, using PubMed, SinoMed, Lancet, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane, Ovid, Science Direct, Embase, and EBSCO databases. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool and analysis was undertaken using RevMan5.2.Besides,we use Origin software to construct the Time-dose interval analysis.

Results
Of the 225 records identified, 13 studies involving 1252 patients (including 11 clinical controlled trials, 1 conference paper report and 1 unpublished research report) met the inclusion conditions. Folic acid dose maintained at 20–30 mg / d for 3–6 months may be beneficial to pathological changes of GPC. Moreover, in the 3 month treatment of 5 trials, the effect was more obvious when the folic acid dose was maintained at 30 mg / d. In the 7 trials, the symptom ineffective rate of GPC treated with folic acid was 32% (RR:0.32, 95% confidence interval CI:0.21–0.48), which was combined using a fixed analysis model; The effect of folic acid on gastric mucosal atrophy in 5 trials (RR: 1.61, 95%CI 1.07–2.41). The changes of folic acid on intestinal metaplasia in the 2 experiments (RR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.32–2.37).The 2 results are combined using a fixed analytical model. However, the subgroup analysis of 9 trials revealed no significant effectiveness of symptom.

Conclusions
Our research showed that folic acid supplementation brings benefits in preventing and even reversing the progression of GPC in the stomach, and provided evidence for its potential clinical use in management of GPC.
Registration: The logn number of our Meta-anlysis on PROSPERO is CRD420223062.
Germline variants profiling of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Chinese Hakka breast and ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Yunuo , Wu Heming , Yu Zhikang , Li Liang , Zhang Jinhong , Liang Xinhong , Huang Qingyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and spectrum ofBRCA1andBRCA2mutations in Chinese Hakka patients with breast and ovarian cancer.MethodsA total of 1,664 breast or ovarian cancer patients were enrolled for genetic testing at our hospital. Germline mutations of theBRCAgene were analysed by next-generation sequencing, including the coding regions and exon intron boundary regions.ResultsThe 1,664 patients included 1,415 (85.04%) breast cancer patients and 245 (14.72%) ovarian cancer patients, while four (0.24%) patients had both the breast and ovarian cancers. A total of 151 variants, including 71BRCA1variants and 80BRCA2variants, were detected in the 234 (14.06%) patients. The 151 variants included 58 pathogenic variants, 8 likely pathogenic variants, and 85 variants of unknown significance (VUS). A total of 56.25% (18/32) and 65.38% (17/26) of pathogenic variants (likely pathogenic variants are not included) were distributed in exon 14 ofBRCA1and exon 11 ofBRCA2, respectively. The most common pathogenic variants among this Hakka population are c.2635G > T (p.Glu879*) (n = 7) in theBRCA1gene and c.5164_5165del (p.Ser1722Tyrfs*4) (n = 7) in theBRCA2gene among the Hakka population. A hotspot mutation in the Chinese population, theBRCA1c.5470_5477del variant was not found in this Hakka population. The prevalence and spectrum of variants in theBRCAgenes in the Hakka patients are different from that in other ethnic groups.ConclusionsThe most common pathogenic variant in this population is c.2635G > T in theBRCA1gene, and c.5164_5165delAG in theBRCA2gene in this population. The prevalence and spectrum of variants in theBRCA1andBRCA2genes in the Hakka patients from southern China are different from those in other ethnic groups.