bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbivore‐induced branching increases sapling survival in temperate forest canopy gaps
Authors: Churski Marcin , Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Bubnicki Jakub W. , Jędrzejewska Bogumiła , Kuijper Dries P. J. , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Tree architectures reflect the main abiotic and biotic selection pressures determining tree growth and survival. Studies have shown that trees growing in herbivore‐dominated ecosystems, such as savannas, develop denser, more divaricate ‘cage’‐like architectures in response to chronic browsing pressure (also known as ‘brown world’ architectures). In contrast, trees growing under resource‐limited conditions develop traits that allow them to better compete for abiotic resources (referred to as ‘green world’ architectures); for example, light limitation can induce trees to form more pole‐like structures that allow them to grow faster in height. In temperate forests, abiotic drivers have traditionally been assumed to be the main factors affecting plant architecture. However, gap dynamics typically characterize old‐growth temperate forests, where disturbances such as storms create gaps with temporary high‐light availability, but also attracting intense mammalian browsing. Under such conditions, one would expect tree saplings to exhibit high architectural plasticity enabling them to develop a ‘cage’ in response to high herbivore pressure, but when herbivore pressure declines switch to a more pole‐like structure that allows them to grow quickly in height and compete for light.

We tested the ability of five dominant European tree species to induce a ‘cage’ architecture (hereafter referred to as ‘cage plasticity’) under contrasting light and herbivory regimes in a full‐factorial experiment in Białowieża Forest. We planted 720 young tree saplings in six replicated blocks in which we manipulated ungulate browsing (exclosure vs. control) and light levels (gap vs. closed forest).

Two out of the five species (hornbeam Carpinus betulus and lime Tilia cordata) were able to develop a cage when exposed to ungulate herbivores but only under high‐light conditions. These two species had the highest survival rates in the herbivory treatment over a 10‐year period.

Synthesis. Cage plasticity in temperate forest tree species may reflect an overlooked adaptation to mammal herbivory originating in a past when large mammals exerted strong selection pressures in European ecosystems. Our findings challenge the view of closed‐canopy forest communities being solely driven by abiotic drivers and call for a re‐evaluation of the importance of large herbivores in shaping the functional traits of temperate tree species.
Deleted genes associated with obesity in Mexican patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zambrano‐Zaragoza José Francisco , Vázquez‐Reyes Alejandro , Durán‐Avelar Ma. de Jesús , Gutiérrez‐Franco Jorge , Vibanco‐Pérez Norberto , Agraz‐Cibrián Juan Manuel , Pérez‐Cambero Horacio , Ayón‐Pérez Miriam Fabiola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic condition in which both lifestyle and genetic factors have a pathogenic role. The LEP gene encodes leptin, which regulates appetite, body weight, and several metabolic functions. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), regulates food intake and energy balance. The aim of the study was to determine partial or complete deletions of genes associated with obesity in patients diagnosed with NAFLD.Material and methodsBlood samples and DNA from 43 individuals diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasonographic technique (Fibroscan) were obtained. The partial or complete deletions of genes were determined by MLPA (Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification) using the SALSA probemix P220‐B2 Obesity only on 43 individuals. Fifty blood samples from healthy individuals were included.ResultsEleven out of 43 individuals analyzed by MLPA presented some deletion of the genes analyzed: six were female and five were male. The partial or complete deletion of the LEPR and POMC genes was observed in eight patients (18.6%), SIM1 in six patients (13.9%), GRIK2 and SH2B1 in two patients (4.7%), SEZGL2 in four patients (9.3%), and MCR4 in one patient (2.3%).ConclusionPartial deletion was observed in LEPR, POMC, SIM1, GRIK2, SH2B1, SEZGL2, and MCR4 genes in 26% of the cases, and we suggest that these alterations probably has a potential relationship for the development of NAFLD.
National culture moderators of pay for individual performance and the financial performance of multinational enterprises
Authors: Posthuma Richard A. , Campion Emily D. , Campion Michael A. , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examined the effectiveness of pay for individual performance (PFIP) in companies operating in multiple cultures. With the use of data from 308 multinational enterprises (MNEs) collected by IBM's WorkTrends™ project, we tested hypotheses regarding the moderating influence of the nine dimensions of the GLOBE country culture model on the relationship between PFIP and changes in financial performance over time. Multiple employees per firm (meanN = 24.7 employees) reported the extent there was a PFIP climate (PFIPc) in their firm. We matched these data at the firm level to changes in net income per employee over 4 years from the Wharton Research Data Service (WRDS). Consistent with predictions developed from contingency and cross‐cultural theories, after including relevant controls, we found the positive relationship between PFIPc and subsequent MNE performance is greater in cultures higher in future orientation, institutional collectivism and uncertainty avoidance and also lower in in‐group collectivism, power distance and humane orientation.
Educational psychological provision in Irish‐medium primary schools in indigenous Irish language speaking communities (Gaeltacht): Views of teachers and educational psychologists
Authors: Murtagh Lelia , Seoighe Ailsa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchools located in indigenous Irish‐speaking areas collectively known as the Gaeltacht are unique in terms of their sociocultural and linguistic identity and important in the key role they play in the preservation of the language. Those situated in Category A Gaeltacht districts are Irish‐medium schools in communities with the strongest use of Irish and are the focus of the present study. Educational psychologists (EPs) who work with these schools are challenged to provide culturally and linguistically sensitive services for these schools. The EPs’ work is impacted by state policies in relation to language planning, Irish language education and inclusive education.AimsThis qualitative research study aims to describe the views and experiences of EPs and teachers in relation to educational psychological services in primary schools in Category A districts in the Gaeltacht. It explores how the service meets the needs of schools and students and seeks to identify barriers in provision.MethodThe study is underpinned by Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theoretical framework and the bilingual education and sociocultural theories of Jim Cummins. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with four EPs and eleven teachers working in Category A schools. The transcribed interview data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings are presented under identified themes using relevant transcript extracts in original and translated form and the findings are interpreted in the light of the theoretical frameworks adopted and relevant literature. Key findings indicate that both EPs and teachers were happy with the new models of special education support and consultation in operation in the schools and were also positively disposed towards Irish‐medium education. However, the findings also reveal that the quality of educational psychological and special education services is adversely impacted by factors such as inadequate translation services, the lack of suitable assessment tools and assessors who were not fully proficient in Irish.ConclusionThe findings highlight the urgent need for macro‐level policies relating to children's education in indigenous Irish‐speaking communities to be matched by practices that ensure educational psychological services such as consultation, interventions and assessments can be provided in a timely fashion through the medium of Irish. Recommendations include improved translation services, assessment through the medium of Irish, professional training for psychologists working with this cultural and linguistic minority and recruitment of psychologists who are competent Irish speakers.
Prevention and management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis: A systematic review of outcome measures used in clinical studies in the last 10 years
Authors: Derks Jan , Ichioka Yuki , Dionigi Carlotta , Trullenque‐Eriksson Anna , Berglundh Jessica , Tomasi Cristiano , Graziani Filippo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analysis in clinical studies on the prevention and management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis.MethodsSystematic electronic searches (CENTRAL/MEDLINE/SCOPUS) up to April 2021 were conducted to identify longitudinal clinical studies with ≥10 patients on either the prevention or management of peri‐implant diseases. Outcome measures of this analysis were the choice of outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analytical methods. Risk of bias was evaluated according to study design. Data were extracted into evidence tables and outcomes were analysed in a descriptive manner.ResultsThe analysis of the 159 selected studies revealed that probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding/suppuration on probing (BOP) were reported in 89% and 87% of all studies, respectively. Additional outcome measures included plaque scores (reported in 64% of studies), radiographic outcomes (49%), soft tissue dimensions (34%), and composite outcomes (26%). Adverse events (8%) and patient‐reported outcomes (6%) were only rarely mentioned. A primary outcome measure was clearly defined only in 36% of studies. Data on PPD, radiographic outcomes, and soft tissue dimensions were primarily reported as mean values and rarely as frequency distributions. For radiographic outcomes and soft tissue dimensions, it was frequently unclear how clustered data were handled.ConclusionsPPD and BOP were routinely reported in studies on the prevention and management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis, while composite outcomes, adverse events, and patient‐reported outcomes were only infrequently described.
Study on the immunopathological effect of titanium particles in peri‐implantitis granulation tissue: A case–control study
Authors: Rakic Mia , Radunovic Milena , Petkovic‐Curcin Aleksandra , Tatic Zoran , Basta‐Jovanovic Gordana , Sanz Mariano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify titanium particles (TPs) in biopsy specimens harvested from peri‐implantitis lesions and secondarily to study the histopathological characteristics in peri‐implantitis compared to periodontitis, in order to evaluate whether the presence of TPs could alter respective inflammatory patterns.Material and methodsBiopsies containing granulation tissue were harvested during routine surgical treatment in 39 peri‐implantitis cases and 35 periodontitis controls. Serial sections were obtained using titanium‐free microtome blades. The first and last sections of the peri‐implantitis specimens were used for identification of TPs by scanning electron microscopy coupled with dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. Intermediate sections and periodontitis specimens were processed for descriptive histological study using haematoxylin–eosin staining and for immunohistochemical analysis using CD68, IL‐6, Nf‐kB and VEGF markers.ResultsTPs were identified in all peri‐implantitis specimens as free metal bodies interspersed within granulation tissue. However, presence of macrophages or multinucleated giant cells engulfing the TPs were not identified in any specimen. Peri‐implantitis granulations were characterized by a chronic inflammatory infiltrate rich in neutrophils. About half of peri‐implantitis patients exhibited a subacute infiltrate characterized with lymphocytes interweaved with neutrophils and eosinophils. When compared to periodontitis, peri‐implantitis tissues showed higher proportions of macrophages and a more intense neovascularization, based on significantly higher expression of CD68 and VEGF respectively.ConclusionTPs were identified in all peri‐implantitis specimens, but without evidencing any foreign body reaction suggestive for direct pathological effects of TPs. The peri‐implantitis granulation tissue was characterized by intense neovascularization and presence of a chronic inflammatory infiltrate dominated by plasma cells, neutrophils and macrophages.
Plane of mesocolic dissection as predictor of recurrence after complete mesocolic excision for sigmoid colon cancer: A cohort study
Authors: Sakjah Sara , Olsen Anna Sofie Friis , Gundestrup Anders Kierkegaard , Born Pernille Wolder , Bols Birgitte , Ingeholm Peter , Kleif Jakob , Bertelsen Claus Anders 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate whether intramesocolic plane dissection assessed on fresh specimens by the pathologist is a risk factor for recurrence after complete mesocolic excision for sigmoid cancer when compared with mesocolic plane dissection.MethodSingle‐centre study based on prospectively registered data on patients undergoing resection for UICC stage I–III sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma during the period 2010–2017. The patients were stratified into either an intramesocolic plane group or a mesocolic plane group. Primary outcome was risk of recurrence after 4.2 years using inverse probability treatment weighting and competing risk analyses.ResultsOf a total of 332 patients, two were excluded as the specimen was assessed as muscularis propria plane, 237 (72%) specimens were deemed as mesocolic and 93 (28%) as intramesocolic. The 4.2‐year cumulative incidence of recurrence after inverse probability treatment weighting was 14.9% (10.4–19.3) in the mesocolic group compared with 9.4% (3.7–15.0) in the intramesocolic group, thus the absolute risk difference between the mesocolic plane and intramesocolic plane was 5.5% (−12.5–1.6; p = 0.13) in favour of the intramesocolic group.ConclusionIntramesocolic plane dissection was not a risk factor for recurrence after complete mesocolic excision for sigmoid cancer when compared with mesocolic plane dissection. No difference in risk of local recurrence, death before recurrence, and in overall survival after 4.2 years was observed between the two groups. With less than 1% of the specimens deemed as muscularis propria plane dissection, the classification appears unusable for the risk prediction of sigmoid colon cancer.
Covid‐19 First Wave Impact National Survey for HIV Clinicians by Public Health England (PHE), the British HIV Association (BHIVA) and the Children’s HIV Association (CHIVA)
Authors: Shanks Gabriella , Shah Ammi , Williams Amanda , Asboe David , Anderson Jane , Delpech Valerie , Ely Amanda , Waters Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis short report describes the results of a survey that was developed by Public Health England (PHE), the British HIV Association (BHIVA) and the Children's HIV Association (CHIVA) and circulated to all UK national health service HIV providers in the UK following the first wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19]) pandemic to assess the impact of the pandemic on HIV clinics.MethodsThe survey was created by BHIVA/CHIVA and PHE and was piloted prior to circulation to all HIV clinics within the UK on 3 July 2020. The survey questions were designed to assess the impact of the first wave of COVID‐19 on HIV clinics and lead/senior HIV clinicians. Clinicians’ responses were collected between 3 July 2020 and 17 September 2020. The survey responses were collated, and non‐statistical analysis was performed.ResultsThe results of the survey confirmed that services had undergone substantial changes, including a shift from face‐to‐face consults to predominantly virtual consultations. Some clinicians’ responses suggested that the first wave had many negative effects on people living with HIV, including their ability to access mental health services.ConclusionThe first wave of COVID‐19 caused significant changes to HIV services within the UK. There was a shift toward the use of technology in healthcare, and results from subsequent clinician surveys carried out since the first wave of COVID‐19 will reflect the ongoing transformation of care towards a more virtual service.
The antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of the tea polyphenol liposomes/lysozyme–chitosan gradual sustained release composite coating
Authors: Zhang Ran , Li Qiuying , Yang Lili , Dwibedi Vagish , Ge Yonghong , Zhang Defu , Li Jianrong , Sun Tong 
Published: March 2022

SummaryTo obtain long‐lasting preservation materials, the tea polyphenol liposomes (TP‐Lips)/lysozyme (LZM)–chitosan (CS) composite coating with the gradual sustained property was prepared by tape casting method. These coatings were characterised, and their physicochemical properties were measured. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanisms of coatings were studied using the spoilage bacteria of aquatic products (Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens) as target strains. Compared with CS coating, the incorporation of TP‐Lips makes the cracks and granular matter of the coatings increase. Except for the oxygen permeabilities (OP) and carbon dioxide permeabilities (CDP), the rest of the physicochemical properties are decreased, including tensile strength (Ts), elongation at break (EB) and light transmittance (T). Antibacterial mechanisms indicate that TP and LZM have a synergistic antibacterial effect. The slow‐release system composed of liposomes and coating prolongs the action time of TP and LZM. Hence, the TP‐Lips/LZM‐CS coating could be a hopeful material in food preservation field with excellent antibacterial properties.
Optimization of Synthetic Vocal Fold Models for Glottal Closure
Authors: Taylor Cassandra J. , Thomson Scott L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Synthetic, self-oscillating models of the human vocal folds are used to study the complex and inter-related flow, structure, and acoustical aspects of voice production. The vocal folds typically collide during each cycle, thereby creating a brief period of glottal closure that has important implications for flow, acoustic, and motion-related outcomes. Many previous synthetic models, however, have been limited by incomplete glottal closure during vibration. In this study, a low-fidelity, two-dimensional, multilayer finite element model of vocal fold flow-induced vibration was coupled with a custom genetic algorithm optimization code to determine geometric and material characteristics that would be expected to yield physiologically-realistic frequency and closed quotient values. The optimization process yielded computational models that vibrated with favorable frequency and closed quotient characteristics. A tradeoff was observed between frequency and closed quotient. A synthetic, self-oscillating vocal fold model with geometric and material properties informed by the simulation outcomes was fabricated and tested for onset pressure, oscillation frequency, and closed quotient. The synthetic model successfully vibrated at a realistic frequency and exhibited a nonzero closed quotient. The methodology described in this study provides potential direction for fabricating synthetic models using isotropic silicone materials that can be designed to vibrate with physiologically-realistic frequencies and closed quotient values. The results also show the potential for a low-fidelity model optimization approach to be used to tune synthetic vocal fold model characteristics for specific vibratory outcomes.
Time- and Query-optimal Quantum Algorithms Based on Decision Trees
Authors: Beigi Salman , Taghavi Leila , Tajdini Artin 
Published: March 2022

It has recently been shown that starting with a classical query algorithm (decision tree) and a guessing algorithm that tries to predict the query answers, we can design a quantum algorithm with query complexity
O(
√
GT
where
T
is the query complexity of the classical algorithm (depth of the decision tree) and
G
is the maximum number of wrong answers by the guessing algorithm [
3
,
14
]. In this article, we show that, given some constraints on the classical algorithms, this quantum algorithm can be implemented in time
Õ
(√
GT
). Our algorithm is based on non-binary span programs and their efficient implementation. We conclude that various graph-theoretic problems including bipartiteness, cycle detection, and topological sort can be solved in time
O(n
3/2
log
2
n
) and with
O(n
3/2
) quantum queries. Moreover, finding a maximal matching can be solved with
O(n
3/2
) quantum queries in time
O(n
3/2
log
2
n
), and maximum bipartite matching can be solved in time
O(n
2
log
2
n
).
Potentiality of halloysite nanoclay on crashworthiness performance of polymer composite tubular elements
Authors: Abd El-baky Marwa A , Hegazy Dalia A , Hassan Mohamad A , Kamel Madeha 
Published: March 2022

The recent article investigates the impact of the presence of halloysite nanoclay (HNC) on crashworthiness performance of glass/epoxy energy absorbent composite tubes. Specimens filled with 0,1,2,3, and 4 wt. % of HNC were manufactured via wet-wrapping process and tested under quasi-static axial loadings. The crush load-displacement response, initial crushing load [Formula: see text], average crushing load ([Formula: see text]), crushing force efficiency ( CFE), absorbed energy ( U), and specific absorbed energy ( SEA) for the proposed composites were determined. The crushing behaviors for all specimens were traced. It was indicated that the specimens’ failure mechanisms and the energy absorption capacities of nanofilled glass/epoxy composites are highly dominated by the wt. % of the embedded HNC. The inclusion of HNC enhances the energy absorbing capacities of glass/epoxy composites during the crushing process. Composite tubes filled with 4 wt. % of HNC has the highest load carrying and energy absorption capacities which are, respectively, 32.75 kN and 1110.84 J. So, they are the most suitable materials for energy dissipating elements. The inclusion of 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt. % of HNC to glass/epoxy composite tubes exhibits, respectively, an enhancement of 8.56, 35.76, 37.96, and 53.33% in [Formula: see text] and an enhancement of 169.29, 215.76, 204.60, and 254.19% in the [Formula: see text]. Also, an improvement in the energy absorbing by, respectively, 220.43, 270.09, 249.11, and 320.98% was attended. The purpose of this work is to experimentally study the applicability of HNC in the energy dissipating composite tubular elements.