bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Surface Soil Moisture Information Identify Evapotranspiration Regime Transitions?
Authors: Dong Jianzhi , Akbar Ruzbeh , Short Gianotti Daniel J. , Feldman Andrew F. , Crow Wade T. , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transition of evapotranspiration between energy‐ and water‐limitation regimes also denotes a nonlinear change in surface water and energy coupling strength. The regime transitions are primarily dominated by available moisture in the soil, although other micro‐meteorological factors also play a role. Remotely sensed soil moisture is frequently used for detecting evapotranspiration regime transitions during inter storm dry downs. However, its sampling depth does not include the entire soil profile, over which water uptake is dominated by plant root distribution. We use flux tower, surface (θs; observations at 5 cm), and vertically integrated in situ soil moisture (; 0–50 cm) observations to address the question: Can surface soil moisture robustly identify evapotranspiration regime transitions? Results demonstrate that θs and θv are hydraulically linked and have synchronized evapotranspiration regime transitions. As such, θs and θv capture comparable statistics of evapotranspiration regime prevalence, which supports the utility of remote‐sensing θs for large‐scale land‐atmosphere exchange analysis.
Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bladé Joan , Beksac Meral , Caers Jo , Jurczyszyn Artur , von Lilienfeld-Toal Marie , Moreau Philippe , Rasche Leo , Rosiñol Laura , Usmani Saad Z. , Zamagni Elena , Richardson Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtramedullary involvement (or extramedullary disease, EMD) represents an aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM), characterized by the ability of a clone and/or subclone to thrive and grow independent of the bone marrow microenvironment. Several different definitions of EMD have been used in the published literature. We advocate that true EMD is restricted to soft-tissue plasmacytomas that arise due to hematogenous spread and have no contact with bony structures. Typical sites of EMD vary according to the phase of MM. At diagnosis, EMD is typically found in skin and soft tissues; at relapse, typical sites involved include liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, central nervous system (CNS), breast, pleura, and pericardium. The reported incidence of EMD varies considerably, and differences in diagnostic approach between studies are likely to contribute to this variability. In patients with newly diagnosed MM, the reported incidence ranges from 0.5% to 4.8%, while in relapsed/refractory MM the reported incidence is 3.4 to 14%. Available data demonstrate that the prognosis is poor, and considerably worse than for MM without soft-tissue plasmacytomas. Among patients with plasmacytomas, those with EMD have poorer outcomes than those with paraskeletal involvement. CNS involvement is rare, but prognosis is even more dismal than for EMD in other locations, particularly if there is leptomeningeal involvement. Available data on treatment outcomes for EMD are derived almost entirely from retrospective studies. Some agents and combinations have shown a degree of efficacy but, as would be expected, this is less than in MM patients with no extramedullary involvement. The paucity of prospective studies makes it difficult to justify strong recommendations for any treatment approach. Prospective data from patients with clearly defined EMD are important for the optimal evaluation of treatment outcomes.
RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin
Authors: Keren-Kaplan Tal , Sarić Amra , Ghosh Saikat , Williamson Chad D. , Jia Rui , Li Yan , Bonifacino Juan S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe small GTPase ARL8 associates with endolysosomes, leading to the recruitment of several effectors that couple endolysosomes to kinesins for anterograde transport along microtubules, and to tethering factors for eventual fusion with other organelles. Herein we report the identification of theRUN- andFYVE-domain-containing proteins RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin for retrograde transport along microtubules. Using various methodologies, we find that RUFY3 and RUFY4 interact with both GTP-bound ARL8 and dynein-dynactin. In addition, we show that RUFY3 and RUFY4 promote concentration of endolysosomes in the juxtanuclear area of non-neuronal cells, and drive redistribution of endolysosomes from the axon to the soma in hippocampal neurons. The function of RUFY3 in retrograde transport contributes to the juxtanuclear redistribution of endolysosomes upon cytosol alkalinization. These studies thus identify RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8-dependent, dynein-dynactin adaptors or regulators, and highlight the role of ARL8 in the control of both anterograde and retrograde endolysosome transport.
A non-dividing cell population with high pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity regulates metabolic heterogeneity and tumorigenesis in the intestine
Authors: Sebastian Carlos , Ferrer Christina , Serra Maria , Choi Jee-Eun , Ducano Nadia , Mira Alessia , Shah Manasvi S. , Stopka Sylwia A. , Perciaccante Andrew J. , Isella Claudio , Moya-Rull Daniel , Vara-Messler Marianela , Giordano Silvia , Maldi Elena , Desai Niyati , Capen Diane E. , Medico Enzo , Cetinbas Murat , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Brown Dennis , Rivera Miguel N. , Sapino Anna , Breault David T. , Agar Nathalie Y. R. , Mostoslavsky Raul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, little is known about how metabolic reprogramming contributes to early stages of transformation. Here, we show that the histone deacetylase SIRT6 regulates tumor initiation during intestinal cancer by controlling glucose metabolism. Loss of SIRT6 results in an increase in the number of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which translates into enhanced tumor initiating potential in APCmin mice. By tracking down the connection between glucose metabolism and tumor initiation, we find a metabolic compartmentalization within the intestinal epithelium and adenomas, where a rare population of cells exhibit features of Warburg-like metabolism characterized by high pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) activity. Our results show that these cells are quiescent cells expressing +4 ISCs and enteroendocrine markers. Active glycolysis in these cells suppresses ROS accumulation and enhances their stem cell and tumorigenic potential. Our studies reveal that aerobic glycolysis represents a heterogeneous feature of cancer, and indicate that this metabolic adaptation can occur in non-dividing cells, suggesting a role for the Warburg effect beyond biomass production in tumors.
Fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer as large diaza[80]fullerene fragment
Authors: Wang Weifan , Hanindita Fiona , Hamamoto Yosuke , Li Yongxin , Ito Shingo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer with a large π-surface (76π system) was successfully synthesized from a fully conjugated bifunctional polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide. This molecule represents an example of diaza[80]fullerene (C78N2) fragment molecule bearing two internal nitrogen atoms. X-ray crystallography analysis shows its boat-shaped structure with two terminal azacorannulenes bent in the same direction. The molecular shape leads to unique selective association with a dumbbell-shaped C60 dimer (C120) over C60 through shape recognition. Owing to its large π-surface and a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, the azacorannulene dimer exhibits red fluorescence with a quantum yield of up to 31%. The utilization of the fully conjugated bifunctional azomethine ylide is a powerful method for the bottom-up synthesis of large multiazafullerene fragments, providing a step towards the selective total synthesis of multiazafullerenes.
Ground state cooling of an ultracoherent electromechanical system
Authors: Seis Yannick , Capelle Thibault , Langman Eric , Saarinen Sampo , Planz Eric , Schliesser Albert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCavity electromechanics relies on parametric coupling between microwave and mechanical modes to manipulate the mechanical quantum state, and provide a coherent interface between different parts of hybrid quantum systems. High coherence of the mechanical mode is of key importance in such applications, in order to protect the quantum states it hosts from thermal decoherence. Here, we introduce an electromechanical system based around a soft-clamped mechanical resonator with an extremely high Q-factor (>109) held at very low (30 mK) temperatures. This ultracoherent mechanical resonator is capacitively coupled to a microwave mode, strong enough to enable ground-state-cooling of the mechanics ($${\bar{n}}_{\min }=0.76\pm 0.16$$n¯min=0.76±0.16). This paves the way towards exploiting the extremely long coherence times (tcoh > 100 ms) offered by such systems for quantum information processing and state conversion.
A stable quasi-solid electrolyte improves the safe operation of highly efficient lithium-metal pouch cells in harsh environments
Authors: Chang Zhi , Yang Huijun , Zhu Xingyu , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNanoconfined/sub-nanoconfined solvent molecules tend to undergo dramatic changes in their properties and behaviours. In this work, we find that unlike typical bulk liquid electrolytes, electrolytes confined in a sub-nanoscale environment (inside channels of a 6.5 Å metal-organic framework, defined as a quasi-solid electrolyte) exhibits unusual properties and behaviours: higher boiling points, highly aggregated configurations, decent lithium-ion conductivities, extended electrochemical voltage windows (approximately 5.4 volts versus Li/Li+) and nonflammability at high temperatures. We incorporate this interesting electrolyte into lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) and find that LMBs cycled in the quasi-solid electrolyte demonstrate an electrolyte interphase-free (CEI-free) cathode and dendrite-free Li-metal surface. Moreover, high-voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//Li (NCM-811//Li with a high NCM-811 mass loading of 20 mg cm−2) pouch cells assemble with the quasi-solid electrolyte deliver highly stable electrochemical performances even at a high working temperature of 90 °C (171 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles, 89% capacity retention; 164 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles even after being damaged). This strategy for fabricating nonflammable and ultrastable quasi-solid electrolytes is promising for the development of safe and high-energy-density LIBs/LMBs for powering electronic devices under various practical working conditions.
Using CRISPR-Kill for organ specific cell elimination by cleavage of tandem repeats
Authors: Schindele Angelina , Gehrke Fabienne , Schmidt Carla , Röhrig Sarah , Dorn Annika , Puchta Holger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCRISPR/Cas has been mainly used for mutagenesis through the induction of double strand breaks (DSBs) within unique protein-coding genes. Using the SaCas9 nuclease to induce multiple DSBs in functional repetitive DNA of Arabidopsis thaliana, we can now show that cell death can be induced in a controlled way. This approach, named CRISPR-Kill, can be used as tool for tissue engineering. By simply exchanging the constitutive promoter of SaCas9 with cell type-specific promoters, it is possible to block organogenesis in Arabidopsis. By AP1-specific expression of CRISPR-Kill, we are able to restore the apetala1 phenotype and to specifically eliminate petals. In addition, by expressing CRISPR-Kill in root-specific pericycle cells, we are able to dramatically reduce the number and the length of lateral roots. In the future, the application of CRISPR-Kill may not only help to control development but could also be used to change the biochemical properties of plants.
Fatty acid oxidation fuels glioblastoma radioresistance with CD47-mediated immune evasion
Authors: Jiang Nian , Xie Bowen , Xiao Wenwu , Fan Ming , Xu Shanxiu , Duan Yixin , Hamsafar Yamah , Evans Angela C. , Huang Jie , Zhou Weibing , Lin Xuelei , Ye Ningrong , Wanggou Siyi , Chen Wen , Jing Di , Fragoso Ruben C. , Dugger Brittany N. , Wilson Paul F. , Coleman Matthew A. , Xia Shuli , Li Xuejun , Sun Lun-Quan , Monjazeb Arta M. , Wang Aijun , Murphy William J. , Kung Hsing-Jien , Lam Kit S. , Chen Hong-Wu , Li Jian Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the top challenge to radiotherapy with only 25% one-year survival after diagnosis. Here, we reveal that co-enhancement of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) enzymes (CPT1A, CPT2 and ACAD9) and immune checkpoint CD47 is dominant in recurrent GBM patients with poor prognosis. A glycolysis-to-FAO metabolic rewiring is associated with CD47 anti-phagocytosis in radioresistant GBM cells and regrown GBM after radiation in syngeneic mice. Inhibition of FAO by CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir or CRISPR-generated CPT1A−/−, CPT2−/−, ACAD9−/− cells demonstrate that FAO-derived acetyl-CoA upregulates CD47 transcription via NF-κB/RelA acetylation. Blocking FAO impairs tumor growth and reduces CD47 anti-phagocytosis. Etomoxir combined with anti-CD47 antibody synergizes radiation control of regrown tumors with boosted macrophage phagocytosis. These results demonstrate that enhanced fat acid metabolism promotes aggressive growth of GBM with CD47-mediated immune evasion. The FAO-CD47 axis may be targeted to improve GBM control by eliminating the radioresistant phagocytosis-proofing tumor cells in GBM radioimmunotherapy.
Spatiotemporal reprogramming of differentiated cells underlies regeneration and neoplasia in the intestinal epithelium
Authors: Higa Tsunaki , Okita Yasutaka , Matsumoto Akinobu , Nakayama Shogo , Oka Takeru , Sugahara Osamu , Koga Daisuke , Takeishi Shoichiro , Nakatsumi Hirokazu , Hosen Naoki , Robine Sylvie , Taketo Makoto M. , Sato Toshiro , Nakayama Keiichi I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough the mammalian intestinal epithelium manifests robust regenerative capacity after various cytotoxic injuries, the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. Here we identify the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57 as a specific marker for a quiescent cell population located around the +4 position of intestinal crypts. Lineage tracing reveals that the p57+ cells serve as enteroendocrine/tuft cell precursors under normal conditions but dedifferentiate and act as facultative stem cells to support regeneration after injury. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis shows that the p57+ cells undergo a dynamic reprogramming process after injury that is characterized by fetal-like conversion and metaplasia-like transformation. Population-level analysis also detects such spatiotemporal reprogramming widely in other differentiated cell types. In intestinal adenoma, p57+ cells manifest homeostatic stem cell activity, in the context of constitutively activated spatiotemporal reprogramming. Our results highlight a pronounced plasticity of the intestinal epithelium that supports maintenance of tissue integrity in normal and neoplastic contexts.
Fibroblast activation protein activated antifibrotic peptide delivery attenuates fibrosis in mouse models of liver fibrosis
Authors: Lee Jaiwoo , Byun Junho , Shim Gayong , Oh Yu-Kyoung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn liver fibrosis, activated hepatic stellate cells are known to overexpress fibroblast activation protein. Here we report a targeted antifibrotic peptide-delivery system in which fibroblast activation protein, which is overexpressed in fibrotic regions of the liver, liberates the antifibrotic peptide melittin by cleaving a fibroblast activation protein-specific site in the peptide. The promelittin peptide is linked to pegylated and maleimide-functionalized liposomes, resulting in promelittin-modified liposomes. The promelittin-modified liposomes were effective in reducing the viability of activated hepatic stellate cells but not that of control cells. In three types of liver fibrosis mouse models, intravenously administered promelittin-modified liposomes significantly reduces fibrotic regions. In addition, in the bile duct ligation mouse model promelittin-modified liposome-treatment increases overall survival. Although this peptide-delivery concept was tested for liver fibrosis, it can potentially be adapted to other fibrotic diseases.
Dynamic-quenching of a single-photon avalanche photodetector using an adaptive resistive switch
Authors: Zheng Jiyuan , Xue Xingjun , Ji Cheng , Yuan Yuan , Sun Keye , Rosenmann Daniel , Wang Lai , Wu Jiamin , Campbell Joe C. , Guha Supratik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the most common approaches for quenching single-photon avalanche diodes is to use a passive resistor in series with it. A drawback of this approach has been the limited recovery speed of the single-photon avalanche diodes. High resistance is needed to quench the avalanche, leading to slower recharging of the single-photon avalanche diodes depletion capacitor. We address this issue by replacing a fixed quenching resistor with a bias-dependent adaptive resistive switch. Reversible generation of metallic conduction enables switching between low and high resistance states under unipolar bias. As an example, using a Pt/Al2O3/Ag resistor with a commercial silicon single-photon avalanche diodes, we demonstrate avalanche pulse widths as small as ~30 ns, 10× smaller than a passively quenched approach, thus significantly improving the single-photon avalanche diodes frequency response. The experimental results are consistent with a model where the adaptive resistor dynamically changes its resistance during discharging and recharging the single-photon avalanche diodes.
The induction of natural competence adapts staphylococcal metabolism to infection
Authors: Cordero Mar , García-Fernández Julia , Acosta Ivan C. , Yepes Ana , Avendano-Ortiz Jose , Lisowski Clivia , Oesterreicht Babett , Ohlsen Knut , Lopez-Collazo Eduardo , Förstner Konrad U. , Eulalio Ana , Lopez Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA central question concerning natural competence is why orthologs of competence genes are conserved in non-competent bacterial species, suggesting they have a role other than in transformation. Here we show that competence induction in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus occurs in response to ROS and host defenses that compromise bacterial respiration during infection. Bacteria cope with reduced respiration by obtaining energy through fermentation instead. Since fermentation is energetically less efficient than respiration, the energy supply must be assured by increasing the glycolytic flux. The induction of natural competence increases the rate of glycolysis in bacteria that are unable to respire via upregulation of DNA- and glucose-uptake systems. A competent-defective mutant showed no such increase in glycolysis, which negatively affects its survival in both mouse and Galleria infection models. Natural competence foster genetic variability and provides S. aureus with additional nutritional and metabolic possibilities, allowing it to proliferate during infection.
An RNA-binding protein acts as a major post-transcriptional modulator in Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Pi Hualiang , Weiss Andy , Laut Clare L. , Grunenwald Caroline M. , Lin Hannah K. , Yi Xinjie I. , Stauff Devin L. , Skaar Eric P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHitRS is a two-component system that responds to cell envelope damage in the human pathogen Bacillus anthracis. Here we identify an RNA-binding protein, KrrA, that regulates HitRS function by modulating the stability of the hitRS mRNA. In addition to hitRS, KrrA binds to over 70 RNAs and, directly or indirectly, affects the expression of over 150 genes involved in multiple processes, including genetic competence, sporulation, RNA turnover, DNA repair, transport, and cellular metabolism. KrrA does not exhibit detectable nuclease activity in vitro, and thus the mechanism by which it modulates mRNA stability remains unclear.
New black indium oxide—tandem photothermal CO2-H2 methanol selective catalyst
Authors: Zhang Zeshu , Mao Chengliang , Meira Débora Motta , Duchesne Paul N. , Tountas Athanasios A. , Li Zhao , Qiu Chenyue , Tang Sanli , Song Rui , Ding Xue , Sun Junchuan , Yu Jiangfan , Howe Jane Y. , Tu Wenguang , Wang Lu , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt has long been known that the thermal catalyst Cu/ZnO/Al2O3(CZA) can enable remarkable catalytic performance towards CO2 hydrogenation for the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and methanol synthesis reactions. However, owing to the direct competition between these reactions, high pressure and high hydrogen concentration (≥75%) are required to shift the thermodynamic equilibrium towards methanol synthesis. Herein, a new black indium oxide with photothermal catalytic activity is successfully prepared, and it facilitates a tandem synthesis of methanol at a low hydrogen concentration (50%) and ambient pressure by directly using by-product CO as feedstock. The methanol selectivities achieve 33.24% and 49.23% at low and high hydrogen concentrations, respectively.
Qualitative study on perceptions of use of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in asthma reviews
Authors: Santillo Marta , Ainsworth Ben , Van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Yardley Lucy , Thomas Mike , Wang Kay , Tonkin-Crine Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurrent methods to assess asthma and guide inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose titration mainly centre on patient-reported symptoms and lung function assessments. However, these methods correlate only weakly with airway inflammation making them unreliable predictors of future exacerbations and ICS requirement. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is a simple non-invasive objective measure of airways inflammation used predominantly in specialist clinics. Previous qualitative studies have mainly focused on the acceptability of FeNO in secondary care and there is limited insight to support clinicians and patients using FeNO in primary care asthma reviews. This study aimed to explore adult patient with asthma and primary care health care professional (HCP) views on introducing FeNO as part of routine asthma reviews. Twenty-three health care professionals and 22 patients were interviewed over the phone or online. Both groups reported that current asthma reviews are often seen as tick-box exercises and that introducing the FeNO test would make reviews more tailored to the individual patient, rather than relying on subjective patient reports of asthma control. Adults with asthma also highlighted support more open communication and their understanding of asthma, as they desired to feel more engaged in decisions and conversations about their asthma. HCPs reported valuing patient education and empowerment over a paternalistic approach, when time and resources allow. They also recognised FeNO to provide an objective measure of inflammation that could support them in the education and empowerment of patients. FeNO was seen by both groups as a potentially valuable addition to current asthma reviews mainly led by nurses, both for increasing their understanding of current risk of exacerbation and also to provide more tailored and personalised asthma management to patients. Our findings highlighted the need for open and clear communication about how to interpret FeNO results.