bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onderdiagnostiek bij kanker door de COVID-19-crisis naar diagnose, leeftijd en provincie
Authors: Uyl-de Groot Carin A. , Schuurman Melinda S. , Huijgens Peter C. , Praagman Jaike 
Published: January 2022

SamenvattingDe COVID-19-crisis en de intelligente lockdown hebben ertoe geleid dat het Nederlandse zorgsysteem maandenlang voor niet-COVID-patiënten op slot kwam te zitten. Patiënten durfden of konden niet naar hun huisarts, huisartsen waren terughoudend met doorverwijzingen naar het ziekenhuis en de zorg- en diagnostische processen werden vertraagd of aangepast. Dit gold ook voor kankerpatiënten. Hoe ernstig deze onderdiagnostiek is voor de prognose van de kankerpatiënt, hangt vooral af van kenmerken van de betreffende soorten kanker. In dit onderzoek hebben we de onderdiagnostiek in kaart gebracht met behulp van gegevens uit de Nederlandse Kankerregistratie en het Pathologisch-Anatomisch Landelijk Geautomatiseerd Archief. Vanaf de week waarin de eerste COVID-19-patiënt in Nederland werd gediagnosticeerd, is een daling van 20–40% in het aantal kankerdiagnoses te zien. De daling geldt voor vrijwel alle tumorsoorten, ook voor kankers waarbij het niet tijdig stellen van de diagnose levensbedreigend is, zoals bij patiënten met kanker in de luchtwegen (gemiddeld 23%) en het hoofd-halsgebied (gemiddeld 36%), en bij hematologie (gemiddeld 26%). Er moet meer aandacht komen voor de gesignaleerde onderdiagnostiek en de rol van de eerstelijnszorgverleners, zoals huisartsen en tandartsen. Daarbij is het zeer belangrijk dat patiënten altijd het vertrouwen houden dat ze bij klachten hun zorgverlener kunnen raadplegen.
Het succes van de buurtsportcoach: vertrouwen, maatwerk en continuïteit
Authors: de Jeu André , Stroet Marjon 
Published: January 2022

SamenvattingIn 2008, toen de combinatiefuncties werden ingevoerd, kon niemand nog bevroeden dat deze functie, tegenwoordig de buurtsportcoach genoemd, een groot succes zou worden. Anno 2021 doen vrijwel alle gemeenten in Nederland mee met wat inmiddels de Brede Regeling Combinatiefuncties heet. Zo heeft ook Sint Eustatius een buurtsportcoach. De waarde van de buursportcoach voor het gaan en blijven bewegen van mensen heeft zich inmiddels bewezen. De Vereniging Sport en Gemeente (VSG), nauw gelieerd aan de Vereniging Nederlandse Gemeenten (VNG), speelt vanaf het begin een actieve en belangrijke coördinerende rol bij het implementeren van de functie buurtsportcoach in Nederland. Belangrijke succesfactor van de gehanteerde strategie is: werken vanuit vertrouwen, maatwerk en continuïteit. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de verschillende regelingen rond de combinatiefuncties en de buurtsportcoach, de gehanteerde strategie om te komen waar we nu staan en perspectieven voor de nabije toekomst.
Wat werkt in een integrale aanpak van overgewicht voor mensen met een lage sociaaleconomische status en/of een niet westerse migratieachtergrond?
Authors: Dellas Vicky , Collard Dorine , Verbaan Caro-Lynn , Beune Erik , Wagemakers Annemarie 
Published: January 2022

SamenvattingHet percentage mensen met ernstig overgewicht neemt de komende jaren toe, vooral onder mensen met een kwetsbare positie, zoals groeperingen met een lage sociaaleconomische status (SES) en/of een niet-westerse migratieachtergrond. Overgewicht is een complex probleem dat vraagt om een integrale aanpak. Het doel van dit onderzoek is het voor deze doelgroepen identificeren van potentieel werkzame elementen van een integrale aanpak gericht op overgewicht. In dit exploratief kwalitatieve onderzoek zijn twaalf groepsinterviews met 25 professionals en vier focusgroepgesprekken met 24 mensen uit de doelgroep gehouden. In totaal zijn 41 potentieel werkzame elementen geïdentificeerd voor een succesvolle integrale aanpak. Deze zijn ingedeeld op het individuele, programma, gemeentelijk en landelijk niveau, en op de sociale en fysieke omgeving. Hiervan hebben achttien potentieel werkzame elementen specifiek betrekking op mensen met een lage SES en/of niet-westerse migratieachtergrond. Daarnaast zijn vier competenties van professionals geïdentificeerd die in potentie kunnen bijdrage aan een werkzame integrale aanpak: verbinden, durven, integraal werken, volhouden. De twee randvoorwaarden tijd en financiële middelen lijken relevant op alle niveaus. Dit exploratieve onderzoek laat zien dat een integrale aanpak van professionals niet alleen vraagt dat zij verschillende potentieel werkzame elementen (tegelijkertijd) inzetten, maar ook dat ze zich continu en proactief inspannen om dit te realiseren.
Dissecting cricket genomes for the advancement of entomology and entomophagy
Authors: Kataoka Kosuke , Togawa Yuki , Sanno Ryuto , Asahi Toru , Yura Kei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSignificant advances in biophysical methods such as next-generation sequencing technologies have now opened the way to conduct evolutionary and applied research based on the genomic information of greatly diverse insects. Crickets belonging to Orthoptera (Insecta: Polyneoptera), one of the most flourishing groups of insects, have contributed to the development of multiple scientific fields including developmental biology and neuroscience and have been attractive targets in evolutionary ecology for their diverse ecological niches. In addition, crickets have recently gained recognition as food and feed. However, the genomic information underlying their biological basis and application research toward breeding is currently underrepresented. In this review, we summarize the progress of genomics of crickets. First, we outline the phylogenetic position of crickets in insects and then introduce recent studies on cricket genomics and transcriptomics in a variety of fields. Furthermore, we present findings from our analysis of polyneopteran genomes, with a particular focus on their large genome sizes, chromosome number, and repetitive sequences. Finally, how the cricket genome can be beneficial to the food industry is discussed. This review is expected to enhance greater recognition of how important the cricket genomes are to the multiple biological fields and how basic research based on cricket genome information can contribute to tackling global food security.
Determination of notch factors for transverse non-load carrying stiffeners based on numerical analysis and metamodeling
Authors: Neuhäusler Josef , Rother Klemens 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStress concentration factors (SCFs) at weld toes and weld roots as required for the effective notch stress concept (see [1, 2]) are usually computed using finite element analysis (FEA) which requires a certain amount of effort for model generation, the solving process, and postprocessing. Regression functions of many FEAs within given parameter bounds provide the possibility of a fast prediction of SCFs. This paper provides new and accurate regression formulae for the estimation of notch stresses at idealized weld geometries on the basis of multiple linear-elastic FEAs for the transverse stiffener (non-load carrying T-joint) under tension and bending of the load carrying slab. Regression of sampled finite element results has been performed using (a) second-order polynomial regression with coupling terms (PRC) and (b) artificial neural networks (ANN). The presented formulae are compared with several existing estimations of stress concentration factors. The new methods appear to show a higher quality of prognosis as well as apply to significant larger ranges of the geometrical parameters of the weld joint. The formulae presented here for the transverse stiffener add another welded joint to a series of similar surrogate models presented from Munich University of Applied Sciences in earlier publications and made available for use by the web-based tool SCF-Predictor.
Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Labelle Eric R. , Hansson Linnea , Högbom Lars , Jourgholami Meghdad , Laschi Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewGround-based mechanized forest operations can cause severe soil disturbances that are often long lasting and detrimental to the health of forested ecosystems. To reduce these soil disturbances, focus is being increasingly directed at identifying and using appropriate mitigation techniques. This systematic review considered 104 scientific articles and reported the main findings according to four core themes: terrain-related factors, operational planning, machine modifications, and types of amendments used to mitigate machine-induced soil impacts.Recent FindingsFor terrain-related factors, most severe disturbances occur on machine operating trails exceeding 20% slope and that soil bulk density and rut depth show greater increases in fine-textured soils. When considering operational planning, trafficability maps proved to be helpful in reducing the frequency and magnitude of soil damages as well as the length of trails needed within harvest sites, especially if they are regularly updated with weather information. Machine modifications, through high flotation tires, use of extra bogie axle, lower inflation pressure, and use of steel flexibles tracks, are highly researched topics because of the considerable upside in terms of machine ground pressure distribution and increased traction. Two main types of amendments emerged to mitigate soil disturbances: brush mats and mulch cover. Brush mats created from harvesting debris can spread the load of a machine to a greater area thereby lowering peak loads transferred to the soil. Brush mats of 15–20 kg m−2are being recommended for adequate soil protection from harvesting operations.SummaryTo conclude, we outline recommendations and strategies on the use of soil mitigation techniques within cut-to-length forest operations. New research opportunities are also identified and discussed. Considering single factors causing machine-induced soil disturbances remains important but there is a pressing need for having a multi-disciplinary approach to tackle the complex problems associated with machine/soil/plant interactions.
The Geography of Women’s Empowerment in West Africa
Authors: Banks Jacqueline , Sweeney Stuart , Meiring Wendy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWomen’s empowerment has been a subject of interest because of its relevance to development and demography, particularly in West Africa. Women’s empowerment is typically conceptualized as an individual attribute of women, associated with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. However, we hypothesize a geography of women’s empowerment in the West African region, where empowerment processes are culturally situated and embedded in place. Such a geography would be observable via spatial associations over the region. This study uses Demographic and Health Survey data from 14 West African states over the past decade and an innovative multi-stage approach combining advanced statistical methods and spatial assessment to analyze indicators of women’s empowerment and its spatial variability across the West African region. First we use a multivariate classification method to identify patterns in responses to empowerment questions and derive an empowerment classification scheme. Next we use these classifications to render a map of West Africa depicting the spatial variation of women’s empowerment in the region. Ultimately, we fit multinomial structured geo-additive regression models to the data to analyze spatial variation in women’s empowerment while controlling for certain socioeconomic-demographic characteristics. Our results demonstrate that women’s responses to empowerment survey questions indeed vary geographically, even when controlling for individual socioeconomic-demographic attributes. This finding suggests that women’s empowerment may relate to aspects of culture embedded in place in addition to the ways it relates to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.
Job Placement via Private vs. Public Employment Agencies: Investigating Selection Effects and Job Match Quality in Germany
Authors: Ayaita Adam , Grund Christian , Pütz Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmployment agencies aim to match individuals to appropriate jobs. There are public and private employment agencies, which co-exist in many countries. Selection effects may be relevant in the sense that private agencies potentially engage in ‘cream-skimming’ by prioritizing highly qualified workers. The resulting job match quality is also important from an individual, a firm, and a society perspective. We examine the selection into job placement via private and public employment agencies as well as the resulting job match qualities, taking a job-market reform in Germany into account: the introduction of vouchers for private job placements. Using representative German panel data, we find that cream-skimming is significantly less pronounced under the voucher policy, as private agencies shift the focus toward unemployed individuals with a voucher. In addition, we find evidence based on propensity score matching estimations that private agencies tend to create better matches than their public counterparts.
Sectoral Productivity Growth, COVID-19 Shocks, and Infrastructure
Authors: Ahumada Hildegart , Cavallo Eduardo , Espina-Mairal Santos , Navajas Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines sectoral productivity shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, their aggregate impact, and the possible compensatory effects of improving productivity in infrastructure-related sectors. We employ the KLEMS annual dataset for a group of OECD and Latin America and the Caribbean countries, complemented with high-frequency data for 2020. First, we estimate a panel vector autoregression of growth rates in sector level labor productivity to specify the nature and size of sectoral shocks using the historical data. We then run impulse-response simulations of one standard deviation shocks in the sectors that were most affected by COVID-19. We estimate that the pandemic cut economy-wide labor productivity by 4.9% in Latin America, and by 3.5% for the entire sample. Finally, by modeling the long-run relationship between productivity shocks in the sectors most affected by COVID-19, we find that large productivity improvements in infrastructure—equivalent to at least three times the historical rates of productivity gains—may be needed to fully compensate for the negative productivity losses traceable to COVID-19.
Segregationsprozesse beim Übergang vom Elementarbereich in die Grundschule. Wie verändern Wanderungsbewegungen zwischen den Schulbezirken Kompositionen in Bezug auf Migrationshintergrund?
Authors: Gold Johanna , Störtländer Jan Christoph , Dierker Philipp , Textor Annette 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer staatliche Bildungsauftrag sieht vor, dass junge Menschen durch die Schule die Verwirklichungschance zu gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe unabhängig von Herkunft oder Lebenslage erhalten. Dieses Versprechen wird gleichzeitig vom deutschen Bildungssystem permanent enttäuscht. Dafür liegt nicht erst seit PISA starke empirische Evidenz vor.Insbesondere bei Übergängen zwischen Bildungseinrichtungen kommt es zu Segregationsprozessen, bei denen Zugangs- und Verwirklichungschancen zu Bildungsoptionen ungleich verteilt werden. So verstärkt das Bildungssystem soziale Disparitäten oder bringt sie gar hervor. Gut erforscht ist der Übergang vom Primar- in den Sekundarbereich. Er gilt als Gelenkstelle für Segregationsprozesse aufgrund individueller Lebenslagen. Auch auf den Übergang vom Elementar- in den Primarbereich trifft das zu. Auf Segregation ausgelegte Schulstrukturen vermindern die Partizipationschancen für Kinder aus sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Elternhäusern und solchen mit Migrationshintergrund.Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet nach, wie Segregationsprozesse im Bildungssystem am Übergang zwischen dem Elementarbereich und der Primarstufe zu Homogenisierungsprozessen der Schülerschaft hinsichtlich des Merkmals Ethnizität führen. Auf Grundlage empirischer Daten eines Einschulungsjahrgangs (n = 3180) wird beispielhaft ein Schulgeflecht auf die Veränderung von Kompositionen hin untersucht. Mögliche Auswirkungen auf Partizipation und Inklusion werden aus der Perspektive des Capability Approach diskutiert.
Biochar and soil properties limit the phytoavailability of lead and cadmium by Brassica chinensis L. in contaminated soils
Authors: Houssou Assa Albert , Jeyakumar Paramsothy , Niazi Nabeel Khan , Van Zwieten Lukas , Li Xiang , Huang Lianxi , Wei Lan , Zheng Xiaodong , Huang Qing , Huang Yufen , Huang Xianzhi , Wang Hailong , Liu Zhongzhen , Huang Zhenrui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated the effect of biochars derived from cinnamomum woodchip, garden waste and mulberry woodchip on soil phytoavailable lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) pools, and their uptake by Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.). The biochars were produced at 450 °C of pyrolysis temperature. The contaminated soils were collected from Yunfu (classified as Udept), Jiyuan (Ustalf) and Shaoguan (Udult) cities in China at the depth of 0–20 cm and amended with biochars at the rate of 3% w/w. After mixing the soil with biochar for 14 days, the Chinese cabbage was planted in the amended soils. Then, it was harvested on the 48th day after sowing period. In Udult soil, Chinese cabbage died 18 days after sowing period in control and soils amended with cinnamomum and mulberry biochars. Although only plants grown with the garden waste biochar treatment survived in Udult soil, amendment of garden waste or mulberry biochars at 3% w/w (450 °C) to Udult soil significantly increased (4.95–6.25) soil pH compared to other biochar treatments. In Udept and Ustalf soils, the application of garden waste and mulberry biochars significantly improved plant biomass compared to control, albeit it was dependent on both biochar and soil properties. Garden waste biochar significantly decreased soil Cd phytoavailable concentration by 26% in the Udult soil, while a decrease of soil Cd phytoavailable concentration by 16% and 9% was observed in Ustalf and Udept soils, respectively. The available phosphorus in biochar and soil pH were important factors controlling toxic metal phytouptake by the plant. Thus, the amendment of soil with biochar at 3% can effectively reduce the mobility of Cd and Pb in soil and plant uptake. However, biochar and soil properties should be well-known before being used for soil toxic metal immobilization.
Reaching out to the hard-to-reach: mixed methods reflections of a pilot Welsh STEM engagement project
Authors: Bryan Rachel , Gagen Mary H , Bryan William A , Wilson Gwendoline I , Gagen Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite years of targeted interventions, young people experiencing socio-economic deprivation are still under-represented in those studying STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) subjects post-16 and in higher education STEM pathways. We surveyed 61 young people who had participated in the S4 programme in South Wales, UK, and interviewed three of their teachers. Using the theoretical lens of science capital, we asked them about the S4 programme, and their views of science and education in terms of aspirations, attainment, and social obstacles. Whilst widely outdated, a ‘deficit model’ of aspiration raising still guides STEM outreach policy in Wales and we consider the answers to our survey in light of this. Broadly, our participants are enthusiastic and ambitious, and confident in their abilities in both science and wider skill areas. However, we found certain aspects of ambition were linked to socio-economic status. For example, whilst most young people we surveyed aspire to go university, those who do not cite different reasons depending on their socio-economic status. Despite high aspirations around science and education, teachers cited low literacy and numeracy, household poverty, entrenched generational unemployment, rural isolation, disabilities, caring responsibilities, and teenage pregnancy as barriers to higher education for their pupils. Importantly, S4's intervention had the greatest impact with those in the extremes of socio-economic deprivation, particularly in terms of bolstering existing science and education aspirations and increasing the ‘thinkability’ of attending university. Our findings contradict accepted thinking on science and education aspirations in that rather than participation in higher education being motivated by a lack of science and education aspiration or the discourse of family habitus ("people like us"), young people seem to be starkly aware of the very real socio-economic obstacles. We found no poverty of science and education aspiration in the participants we surveyed, and encourage a policy move away from the deficit model of raising science and education aspirations that will take a more nuanced view of widening access to STEM education and higher education in general in Wales.
Deriving intercity human flow pattern and mechanism based on cell phone location data: case study of Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Zhuo Li , Chen Zhuo , Wu Chengzhuo , Shi Qingli , Gu Zhihui , Tao Haiyan , Li Qiuping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe spatial pattern and mechanism of human flow are of great significance for urban planning, economic development, transportation planning and so on. In this study, we used cell phone location data to represent the human flow network in Guangdong Province, China, using the 21 cities in Guangdong as “nodes” and the human flow intensity among them as “edges”. Then we explored macro and micro features of the human flow network, by using the index of degree distribution, alter-based centrality and alter-based power, respectively. Finally, we proposed a human flow estimation model which integrates individual urban characteristics, intercity links, and differences to further analyze the affecting factors of human flow. We found that the human flow network in this region is significantly scale-free, with Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, and Dongguan being the most important cities. We also found that the newly proposed model can explain the human flow in the study area, with an R2 of 0.914. Analysis results show that the factors of employment in tertiary sector, intercity internet attention, intercity differences in the number of tertiary workers, differences in population size, and distance have significant impacts on the human flow. This study may provide insights into human activity mechanisms that can contribute to urban planning and management.
Effect of Nuclear Power Plants on Local Crop Yields
Authors: Zhumadilov Daniyar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe growing prevalence of clean energy raises the question of possible associated externalities. This article studies the effects of nuclear power plant development (and, as a result, the increased amount of water in the atmosphere from evaporative cooling systems) on nearby crop yields and finds that an average nuclear power plant increases local soybean yields by 2 and corn yields by 1 percent. Considering the low elasticity of demand for these crops, the yield increases translate to annual net benefits of $229 million (2020 US dollars) – $317 million in losses to farmers and $546 million in benefits to consumers.