bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Myelopathy Secondary to Compression of the Artery of Adamkiewicz From an Intrathecal Catheter: A Case Technical Report
Authors: Perdomo-Pantoja Alexander , Zakaria Hesham Mostafa , Liu Ann , Tsehay Yohannes , Weber-Levine Carly , Mao Gordon , Theodore Nicholas 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Although catheter-related complications in intrathecal drug delivery systems are relatively common, vascular myelopathy secondary to occlusion of the artery of Adamkiewicz (AoA) from an abutting intrathecal catheter has not yet been reported. In this study, we present a case of this extremely rare presentation, which resolved after decompression of the artery.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 39-year-old woman presented with lower extremity weakness and paresthesia. She had a 20-year history of severe chronic back pain and stable sensory disturbances below T8 as sequelae of multiple injuries after a motor vehicle accident. Three years before presentation in our clinic, she underwent baclofen pump placement because of neuropathic pain refractory to oral medication. After pump placement, she gradually developed myelopathic symptoms and dysautonomia. All medications through the pump were discontinued, but her symptoms continued to progress. Workup included a spinal angiogram that showed that her intrathecal catheter was abutting the left side of the AoA at the T12 level. After interdisciplinary evaluation, it was believed that her clinical presentation was attributable to vascular compression, and she underwent surgical removal of the catheter. Three years later, her symptoms have improved and her neurological examination returned to baseline before the catheter placement.

CONCLUSION:
Meticulous, multidisciplinary neurological and radiological evaluations were essential to diagnose the compression of the AoA as the cause of this patient's myelopathy. Although exceedingly rare, direct compression of the AoA by an intrathecal catheter should be on the differential diagnosis when evaluating for causes of vascular myelopathy.
Clipping Ophthalmic Segment Artery Aneurysms Using a Modified Subdural Dolenc Approach: Classification and Experience Sharing
Authors: Zhou Heng-Jun , Wang Xiao-Yi , Zhan Ren-Ya , Zheng Jie-Sheng , Yu Jian-Bo , Zheng Xiu-Jue 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Ophthalmic segment artery aneurysms (OSAs) are difficult to clip; therefore, improvement of the surgical method is of great significance to the prevention of complications, and the classification of the aneurysms is essential to formulate a reasonable surgical plan.

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the strategies and effects of surgery for OSAs using a modified subdural Dolenc approach.

METHODS:
The clinical data of 38 patients (12 men and 26 women, aged 48-73 years) with OSA were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 44 aneurysms were identified, 40 of which were OSAs. The 40 aneurysms were divided into types Ia1 (n = 2), Ia2 (n = 2), Ib (n = 6), IIa (n = 4), IIb (n = 4), IIIa (n = 0), IIIb (n = 4), IIIc (n = 16), and IV (n = 2) based on preoperative images. Thirty-nine OSAs were operated successfully through pterional craniotomy combined with the modified subdural Dolenc approach, and 1 aneurysm was clipped through the contralateral approach. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

RESULTS:
Thirty-nine OSAs were clipped, and one was wrapped. Visual dysfunction, headache, and dizziness improved after the operation in 18 patients. One patient had new visual impairment, and there were no deaths. At discharge, the GOS score was 5 in 36 cases, 4 in 1 case, and 3 in 1 case. Thirty-seven patients had a GOS score of 5, and 1 patient had a score of 3 at 6 months after the operation.

CONCLUSION:
The modified subdural Dolenc approach (Zheng approach) for clipping OSAs may be associated with less trauma and good postoperative outcomes.
Primary Intracranial Brainstem Malignant Melanoma: A Technical Case Report
Authors: McGrath Margaret , Emerson Samuel , Shenoy Varadaraya Satyanarayan , Juric-Sekhar Gordana , Sekhar Laligam N. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Primary intracranial malignant melanomas (PIMMs) are quite rare, comprising 1% of melanomas and 0.07% of intracranial tumors. PIMMs have been reported in a variety of intracranial locations, but there has only been 1 reported instance of PIMM occurring in the brainstem. In this study, we describe the second reported case of primary pontine malignant melanoma and its treatment.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 40-year-old man presented with right hemiparesis, diplopia, and dysarthria. MRI demonstrated a hemorrhagic, expansile, and heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the left pons with edema extending to the left thalamus and posterior limb of the internal capsule. Surgical resection was performed through a transpetrosal approach. Pathology resulted as malignant melanoma immunopositive for BRAF V600E mutation. Complete oncological workup revealed no other lesions; thus, he was diagnosed with PIMM of the brainstem.

CONCLUSION:
We report a rare case of primary pontine malignant melanoma in which microsurgical resection resulted in dramatic clinical improvement despite the challenging location. This is only the second reported case of brainstem PIMM. More patients with longer-term follow-up will be necessary to determine the best treatment approach.
Sphenoparietal Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Series of 10 Patients
Authors: Hartke Joelle N. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Rahmani Redi , Catapano Joshua S. , Labib Mohamed A. , Rumalla Kavelin , Garcia Joseph H. , McDougall Cameron M. , Abla Adib A. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the sphenoparietal sinus or sphenoid wing region are uncommon lesions with unique and interesting angioarchitecture. Understanding appropriate anatomy and recognizing patterns provide important treatment implications.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe a single surgeon's experience with open surgical treatment of sphenoparietal sinus DAVFs, the surgical indications for this uncommon lesion, and the microsurgical techniques related to its treatment and to review the literature on its surgical treatment.

METHODS:
Consecutive cases of sphenoparietal sinus DAVF treatment conducted by a single surgeon over 24 years (1997-2020) were retrospectively reviewed. Published reports of similar cases were reviewed.

RESULTS:
Of 202 surgically treated DAVFs, 10 lesions in 10 patients were sphenoparietal sinus DAVFs. Four patients presented with intracranial hemorrhage, 3 with headache, and 2 with pulsatile tinnitus; 1 patient was incidentally identified as having a DAVF during treatment for a ruptured aneurysm. Most patients (7 of 10) had undergone endovascular embolization previously. Nine patients had Borden type III DAVFs and one had a Borden type II fistula. Surgery in all 10 patients resulted in angiographically confirmed fistula obliteration. Clinical outcomes at the last follow-up, measured by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, were excellent in 6 patients (mRS ≤ 2) and poor in 1 patient (mRS ≥ 3); late outcomes were not available for 3 patients.

CONCLUSION:
Sphenoparietal sinus DAVFs are an uncommon anatomic subtype. Careful attention to angiographic detail leads to identification of the site of venous interruption and results in a high rate of surgical cure with excellent clinical outcomes.
Intracranial Breakthrough Through Cavernous Sinus Compartments: Anatomic Study and Implications for Pituitary Adenoma Surgery
Authors: Xu Yuanzhi , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Asmaro Karam P. , Nunez Maximiliano Alberto , Doniz-Gonzalez Ayoze , Vigo Vera , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) with cavernous sinus (CS) invasion can extend into the intradural space by breaking through the CS walls.

OBJECTIVE:
To elaborate on the potential breakthrough route through CS compartments for invasive PAs and describe relevant surgical anatomy and technical nuances, with an aim to improve resection rates.

METHODS:
Twelve colored silicon-injected human head specimens were used for endonasal and transcranial dissection of the CS walls; ligaments, dural folds, and cranial nerves on each compartment were inspected. Two illustrative cases of invasive PA are also presented.

RESULTS:
The potential breakthrough routes through the CS compartments had unique anatomic features. The superior compartment breakthrough was delimited by the anterior petroclinoidal ligament laterally, posterior petroclinoidal ligament posteriorly, and interclinoidal ligament medially; tumor extended into the parapeduncular space with an intimate spatial relationship with the oculomotor nerve and posterior communicating artery. The lateral compartment breakthrough was limited by the anterior petroclinoidal ligament superiorly and ophthalmic nerve inferiorly; tumor extended into the middle fossa, displacing the trochlear nerve and inferolateral trunk to reach the medial temporal lobe. The posterior compartment breakthrough delineated by the Gruber ligament, petrosal process of the sphenoid bone, and petrous apex inferiorly, posterior petroclinoidal ligament superiorly, and dorsum sellae medially; tumor displaced or encased the abducens nerve and inferior hypophyseal artery and compressed the cerebral peduncle.

CONCLUSION:
The superior lateral and posterior components of the CS are potential routes for invasion by PAs. Better identification of CS breakthrough patterns is crucial for achieving higher gross total resection and remission rates.
Mapping analysis to predict the associated EuroQol five-dimension three-level utility values from the Oxford Knee Score
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Afzal Irrum , Peacock Christian J. H. , MacDonald Deborah , Macpherson Gavin J. , Patton James T. , Asopa Vipin , Sochart David H. , Kader Deiary F. 
Published: July 2022

Aims The aims of this study were to assess mapping models to predict the three-level version of EuroQoL five-dimension utility index (EQ-5D-3L) from the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and validate these before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A retrospective cohort of 5,857 patients was used to create the prediction models, and a second cohort of 721 patients from a different centre was used to validate the models, all of whom underwent TKA. Patient characteristics, BMI, OKS, and EQ-5D-3L were collected preoperatively and one year postoperatively. Generalized linear regression was used to formulate the prediction models. Results There were significant correlations between the OKS and EQ-5D-3L preoperatively ( r = 0.68; p < 0.001) and postoperatively ( r = 0.77; p < 0.001) and for the change in the scores ( r = 0.61; p < 0.001). Three different models (preoperative, postoperative, and change) were created. There were no significant differences between the actual and predicted mean EQ-5D-3L utilities at any timepoint or for change in the scores (p > 0.090) in the validation cohort. There was a significant correlation between the actual and predicted EQ-5D-3L utilities preoperatively ( r = 0.63; p < 0.001) and postoperatively ( r = 0.77; p < 0.001) and for the change in the scores ( r = 0.56; p < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated that a lower utility was overestimated, and higher utility was underestimated. The individual predicted EQ-5D-3L that was within ± 0.05 and ± 0.010 (minimal clinically important difference (MCID)) of the actual EQ-5D-3L varied between 13% to 35% and 26% to 64%, respectively, according to timepoint assessed and change in the scores, but was not significantly different between the modelling and validation cohorts (p ≥ 0.148). Conclusion The OKS can be used to estimate EQ-5D-3L. Predicted individual patient utility error beyond the MCID varied from one-third to two-thirds depending on timepoint assessed, but the mean for a cohort did not differ and could be employed for this purpose. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):573–581.
Probing neuronal functions with precise and targeted laser ablation in
the living cortex: reply
Authors: Cheng Zongyue , Lin Jianian , Han Yiyong , Wei Bowen , Lai Baoling , Li Baoming , Cui Meng , Gan Wen-Biao 
Published: July 2022

In their comment on Optica 8, 1559
(2021)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.433562, Liang and Vogel
performed a theoretical calculation to show that with a 1.1 NA
objective and 140 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses with a single pulse
energy of 2.2 nJ and 80 MHz repetition rate, the focal point
temperature rises 0.3 K and reaches equilibrium after 100 µs in water
[Optica
9, 868 (2022)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.454469].
They suggest that the damage to brain tissue by laser could not be
caused by thermal effects but rather by plasma-mediated chemical
effects. To quantify the thermal accumulation due to the femtosecond
(fs) laser illumination in living animals, we used a thermocouple
sensor to measure the temperature change in the vicinity of the laser
focus at a depth of 300 µm in the cortex of an adult mouse. Our
results show that laser irradiation at 930 nm wavelengths with power
ranging from 19 to 300 mW can all lead to a brain tissue temperature
rise of more than 0.3 K at 1 s at a distance of 25 µm from the laser
focus, and the 300 mW laser can cause a temperature increase of more
than 28 K at 6 s. These experimental measurements are significantly
higher than theoretically calculated values in the comment. These
results suggest that the thermal accumulation effect of focused
low-energy pulses from fs laser oscillators could contribute
significantly to the collateral damage in the living brain.
Single-pulse, reference-free, spatiospectral measurement of ultrashort pulse-beams
Authors: Goldberger David , Barolak Jonathan , Bevis Charles S. , Ivanic Bojana , Schmidt David , Lei Yuhao , Kazansky Peter , Mancini Giulia F. , Durfee Charles G. , Adams Daniel E. 
Published: July 2022

High-intensity pulse-beams are ubiquitous in scientific investigations
and industrial applications ranging from the generation of secondary
radiation sources (e.g., high harmonic generation, electrons) to
material processing (e.g., micromachining, laser-eye surgery).
Crucially, pulse-beams can only be controlled to the degree to which
they are characterized, necessitating sophisticated measurement
techniques. We present a reference-free, full-field, single-shot
spatiospectral measurement technique called broadband single-shot
ptychography (BBSSP). BBSSP provides the complex wavefront for each
spectral and polarization component in an ultrafast pulse-beam and
should be applicable across the electromagnetic spectrum. BBSSP will
dramatically improve the application and mitigation of spatiospectral
pulse-beam structure.
Quantum-enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Li Tian , Li Fu , Liu Xinghua , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Agarwal Girish S. 
Published: July 2022

Brillouin microscopy is an emerging label-free imaging technique used
to assess local viscoelastic properties. Quantum-enhanced stimulated
Brillouin scattering is demonstrated using low power continuous-wave
lasers at 795 nm. A signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 3.4 dB is
reported by using two-mode intensity-difference squeezed light
generated with the four-wave mixing process in atomic rubidium vapor.
The low optical power and the excitation wavelengths in the water
transparency window have the potential to provide a powerful
bio-imaging technique for probing mechanical properties of biological
samples prone to phototoxicity and thermal effects. The performance
enhancement affordable through the use of quantum light may pave the
way for significantly improved sensitivity that cannot be achieved
classically. The proposed method for utilizing squeezed light for
enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering can be easily adapted for
both spectroscopic and imaging applications in biology.
Prevalence of Cryptococcus gattii in Ugandan HIV-infected patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Wembabazi Abel , Nassozi Dianah Rhoda , Akot Enid , Ochola Timothy Isaac , Kweka Prosper Tom , Katamu Nelson Tom , Meya David , Achan Beatrice 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life threatening disease and leading cause of opportunistic fungal-related mortality in HIV/AIDS. Most CM infections are caused by C. neoformans species complexes but the prevalence of Cryptococcus gattii species complexes in Uganda is unknown however, it is known in a few other parts of Africa. We estimated the prevalence of C. gattii in patients living with HIV and a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in Uganda.

Methods
Cryptococcus isolates (n = 200) obtained from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with CM recruited at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda, were tested by phenotypic methods. The Cryptococcus isolates were sub-cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates for 48 hours. The yeast colonies were examined by India ink stain, urea hydrolysis, and C. gattii was identified by blue pigmentation on CGB agar. The results were analyzed for frequency of C. gattii. Patient demographic characteristics were collected from the case record forms.

Results
From the 200 patients’ case record forms, 87 (43.5%) were female and 113 (56.5%) were male. The median age was 35 (19–64) years. Most patients, 93% (187/200) were from Central Uganda in the districts of Kampala and Wakiso. 97.51% (157/161) of the patients had absolute CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells per cubic millimeter; 1.86% (3/161) 200–350 cells per cubic millimeter and 0.62% (1/161) above 500 cells per cubic millimeter. 45.4% (74/163) were not yet on HAART and 54.6% (89/163) were on HAART. 66.7% (58/87) had poor adherence to HAART treatment and 33.3% (29/87) had reported good adherence to HAART treatment. A total of 200 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus isolates were tested. No (0% (0/200) C. gattii was identified among the Cryptococcus isolates.

Conclusion
In this study among patients living with HIV and a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in Uganda, we found no C. gattii infections.
Aetiology and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia at the Adult University Teaching Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Ziko L. M. , Hoffman T. W. , Fwoloshi S. , Chanda D. , Nampungwe Y. M. , Patel D. , Bobat H. , Moonga A. , Chirwa L. , Hachaambwa L. , Mateyo K. J. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent cause of death worldwide, and in sub-Saharan Africa particularly. Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) influence pathogen distribution in patients with CAP. Previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa have shown different frequencies of respiratory pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility compared to studies outside Africa. This study aimed to investigate the aetiology, presentation, and treatment outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in adults at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.

Materials and methods
Three-hundred-and-twenty-seven patients were enrolled at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka between March 2018 and December 2018. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were collected. Sputum samples were tested by microscopy, other TB diagnostics, and bacterial cultures.

Results
The commonest presenting complaint was cough (96%), followed by chest pain (60.6%), fever (59.3%), and breathlessness (58.4%). The most common finding on auscultation of the lungs was chest crackles (51.7%). Seventy percent of the study participants had complaints lasting at least a week before enrolment. The prevalence of HIV was 71%. Sputum samples were tested for 286 patients. The diagnostic yield was 59%. The most common isolate was Mycobacterium tuberculosis (20%), followed by Candida species (18%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in only four patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the rates of specific pathogens identified in HIV-infected patients compared with the HIV-uninfected. Thirty-day mortality was 30%. Patients with TB had higher 30-day mortality than patients without TB (p = 0.047).

Conclusion
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common cause of CAP isolated in adults at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Gram-negative organisms were frequently isolated. A high mortality rate was observed, as 30% of the followed-up study population had died after 30 days.
Measuring health literacy: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of instruments from 1993 to 2021
Authors: Tavousi Mahmoud , Mohammadi Samira , Sadighi Jila , Zarei Fatemeh , Kermani Ramin Mozafari , Rostami Rahele , Montazeri Ali 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIt has been about 30 years since the first health literacy instrument was developed. This study aimed to review all existing instruments to summarize the current knowledge on the development of existing measurement instruments and their possible translation and validation in other languages different from the original languages.MethodsThe review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar on all published papers on health literacy instrument development and psychometric properties in English biomedical journals from 1993 to the end of 2021.ResultsThe findings were summarized and synthesized on several headings, including general instruments, condition specific health literacy instruments (disease & content), population- specific instruments, and electronic health. Overall, 4848 citations were retrieved. After removing duplicates (n = 2336) and non-related papers (n = 2175), 361 studies (162 papers introducing an instrument and 199 papers reporting translation and psychometric properties of an original instrument) were selected for the final review. The original instruments included 39 general health literacy instruments, 90 condition specific (disease or content) health literacy instruments, 22 population- specific instruments, and 11 electronic health literacy instruments. Almost all papers reported reliability and validity, and the findings indicated that most existing health literacy instruments benefit from some relatively good psychometric properties.ConclusionThis review highlighted that there were more than enough instruments for measuring health literacy. In addition, we found that a number of instruments did not report psychometric properties sufficiently. However, evidence suggest that well developed instruments and those reported adequate measures of validation could be helpful if appropriately selected based on objectives of a given study. Perhaps an authorized institution such as World Health Organization should take responsibility and provide a clear guideline for measuring health literacy as appropriate.