bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western Bean Cutworm Control in Nebraska Field Corn, 1981 and 1982
Authors: Hirnyck Ronda E. , Holtzer Thomas O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were aerially applied to center pivot irrigated field corn in southwestern Nebraska. Plots were 150 m by 40 rows (0.75 m rows) arranged in a randomized block design with 2 replications in 1981 and 4 replications in 1982. Pretreatment western bean cutworm (WBC) larvae counts were made on 10 plants/plot Jul 21, 27, and Aug 2, 1981. These counts averaged 16.30 WBC/plant with no significant differences among treatments. Insecticides were applied Aug 3, 1981. In 1982, pretreatment counts were made on 10 plants/plot Aug 5 (average infestation was 6.41 WBC/plant; no significant differences among treatments). Insecticides were applied Aug 9. Post application (treatment) counts were taken Aug 11, 18, 1981 and Aug 18, 27, 1982
Bee Poisoning Hazard, 1981-1982
Authors: Mayer Dan , Johansen Carl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sevin XLR was evaluated on corn and alfalfa for bee-poisoning hazard. Treatments on alfalfa were made with a hand sprayer, using 25 psi pressure and applying 25 gal/acre. Residual test exposures were replicated 4 times by caging 100 honey bees with each of 4 samples per treatment and time interval. Treatments on corn were made by helicopter at 1.5 lb ai/acre to pollen shedding corn. Four applications were applied on 1 acre plots and 2 applications on a 130 acre plot. The number of dead bees in Todd dead bee traps on colonies placed near the plots was recorded daily.
Control of Fall Armyworm in Field Corn with Single and Multiple Applications of Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Pless CD. , Shamiyeh N.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One, 2, and 3 applications of Orthene or Nudrin were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. ‘Pioneer 3147’ corn was planted on Jun 29. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows (40 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Plant population averaged 17,000/acre. All plots were treated on Jul 26 when worm populations averaged 4.29 larvae/plant. Additional applications were made to appropriate plots on Aug 2 and 9. Sprays were applied with a back-pack hand held CO2, pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gpa at 30 psi. Newly damaged whorls were counted on Aug 2, 9, and 23. Yield determinations were made on Nov 9.
Laboratory Screening of Granular Soil Insecticides for Control of Sugarcane Beetle in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven granular soil insecticides labeled for control of corn rootworm were tested for effectiveness against the sugarcane beetle. Treatments consisted of the amounts of each material that would be applied to 6 in of row at the labeled rate and at 2.0 times the labeled rate for corn rootworm control. All treatments were replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied by hand to soil in 6-in plastic pots in a manner that approximated 7-in band applications in the field. Insecticides were sprinkled onto the soil surface and covered with 1/4 in of soil and watered. Pots were again watered 6 days post treatment. Ten sugarcane beetles were introduced into each pot 9 days after treatment. Beetles were observed until all had burrowed into the soil. The pots were then covered with cardboard lids fitted with 1/8 in hardware cloth screening. Lids were secured on the pots by placing a length of 2 x 4 lumber on top of and across the lined up pots. The bottom of the pots were covered with 4 layers of aluminum foil to prevent beetles from escaping through drain holes. Pots were emptied, the soil sifted and the number of living and dead beetles counted 6 days after beetle introduction. Sugarcane beetles used in the experiments were collected at blacklight traps and held in the laboratory for 10-15 days prior to use in the experiment. The soil used in the experiments was a silt-sand, recent alluvial soil, obtained from the immediate bank of the Mississippi River.
Chinch Bug Control in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All treatments had significantly fewer chinch bugs/plant at 4 h post treatment than the untreated check. At 4 days post treatment most insecticides were effective in reducing the number of chinch bugs/plant below those of the untreated check. All Vydate treatments, Dasanit 0.5 lb ai/acre and Lannate .0625 lb ai/acre were not significantly different from the check 4 days after treatment. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment.
Apple, Rosy Apple Aphid Control, 1982
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied at various times of the season to control rosy apple aphid. Each treatment was applied to 4-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Rome, Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, and York Imperial tree. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The sprays were applied with an airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 GPA at 2 mph except for the Tranide 4E treatment which was applied with a handgun using a high pressure sprayer and the green tip applications of Trithion, Supracide and Lorsban. These treatments were mistakenly applied at 3 times the desired rate and at 150 GPA. Refer to the table for the timing of sprays and phenological development of apple based on the cultivars York Imperial and Golden Delicious. Effectiveness of sprays was evaluated by examining the entire tree (Rome and York) to determine the number of infested leaves and injured apples/tree. A leaf was considered and infested if it contained one or more live aphids or was curled.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full-season study was conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Forestry and Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted on May 20. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows (3.66 m) x 27.43 m with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 7.8 gal/acre at 76 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row. Applications were made at ca weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on Jul 14, 23, 29, Aug 5, 11, 17 and 25. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil suppression on Jul 27, Aug 2, 10, 18, 21, 27, 31, Sep 15 and 29 with 0.25 lb ai/acre Guthion. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored at weekly intervals by making whole plant examinations on a consecutive 1.07 m row length. Yield data were taken on Oct 25, 26 and 27 by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot.
Chemical Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Graham L.C. , Gaylor M.J. , Edelson J.V. , Walker L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides for Heliothis spp. control was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted on 6 May in 40-in rows. Four replicates of 11 treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 10 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with ground equipment at a rate of 9 gal total spray/acre (2.5 mph, 60 psi, 2 TeeJet TX4 80 nozzles per row). Due to wet weather which limited access with ground equipment, all plots were sprayed aerially on 20 Jun with a Pounce, Guthion, and Lorsban tank mix to suppress weevils and worms. Plots were treated with test chemicals for Heliothis spp. on Aug 6, 17, 20, 26 and Sep 2 and 14. Pay-Off was applied at a low rate (0.025 lb ai/acre) or a high rate depending on Heliothis spp. abundance. The high rate was applied to plots on Aug 20 and 26. All other applications were made at the low rate" Due to an extended period of inclement weather which began immediately after insecticides were applied on 17 Aug, no data were collected between 10 and 23 Aug. Insecticides were reapplied as soon as weather conditions permitted reentry into the plots (20 Aug). Plots were oversprayed on Aug 13, 20, 24, 31 and Sep 3 and 15 with Guthion to suppress boll weevils. Damage was estimated by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals from the middle 2 rows of each plot. Heliothis spp. populations were moderate during the testing period.
Insecticide Treatments for Bollworm Control, 1982
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted May 6 on Loring silt loam soil at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. All seed was treated with fungicides and an insecticide to suppress seedling disease and insects. Four-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied Aug 20, 25, and Sep 1 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi , 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. The number of bollworm damaged bolls per 6 row ft was counted in each plot Sep 9-22. The 2 center rows of each plot were machine harvested Oct 11 and Nov 1 and 3.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1982
Authors: Price Richard , Mussett Kevin , Young Jerry , Steward Bruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 213’ was planted in a Tuttle silt clay loam on Jun 12 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, OK, at 18 lb of seed/acre. Test 1 consisted of 8 row plots, 150 ft long, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Test 2 was identical to test 1 except plots were 200 ft long. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. The John Deere spraying unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 hp Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Insecticide applications consisted of 5 gal total spray mixture per acre, with 1 no 8 hollow cone nozzle (Spraying systems) per row. Applications were made on Aug 10, 17, 23 and 31 for test 1 (except for CME-13401) and Aug 9-10, 16, 24, 30 and Sep 7 for test 2. Intervals between applications ranged from 6 to 8 days. Plots were irrigated with approximately 1 in of water on Aug 14, 18 and Sep 2. The only rainfall recorded during the treatment period was 0.86 in on Aug 28. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper 1/3 of the plants in each plot. Heliothis spp. populations were light throughout the study except for the first application. On Aug 9, prior to the first application 100 terminals were examined at random in test 1 and 2. Seven 1st and 2nd instar larvae were found along with 60 eggs. Heliothis spp. populations were approximately 50% budworm and 50% bollworm during the treatment period.
Effects of Selected Insecticides on Two Plant Bug Spp. and Several Predator Spp. in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Wilson Bryan S. , Luttrell R.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen insecticides were examined to determine their effects on 2 plant bug species and several beneficial arthropods associated with cotton. Insecticides were applied Aug 9 to ‘Stoneville 213’ cotton in a small plot study near Holly Springs, MS. A randomized complete block design was used with 3 replications/block. Individual plots (2 rows) were 4.6 m in length with 2 buffer rows between plots. Each insecticide treatment was applied to the cotton foliage with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer which applied 2.3 gal/acre acre operating at 30 psi. Plant bug numbers the day of test initiation were determined by making 200 sweeps, with a 38-cm diameter sweep net, over the entire plot area and examining 100 blooms for feeding damage. Pretreatment counts were: 20 tarnished plant bugs/100 sweeps, 18 clouded plant bugs/100 sweeps, and 24% damaged blooms. Individual treatments were evaluated 7 days after application by monitoring plant bug and predator numbers in the treated and untreated plots. The number of predators and plant bugs per 10 sweeps was recorded for each plot. Also, 10 blooms in each plot were examined for live plant bugs and feeding damage caused by plant bugs.
Toxicity of Pesticides to a Beneficial Predator in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Yokoyama Victoria Y. , Pritchard Jane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The toxicity of insecticides and acaricides used to control cotton pests was evaluated on a predator, the western bigeyed bug. Pesticides were selected from 5 chemical groups with special emphasis on those used in the California San Joaquin Valley. The purified compounds were purchased from Chem Service, West Chester, PA. The western bigeyed bug was collected with a vacuum insect net from Jun to Sep in untreated cotton fields located at Wheeler Ridge, CA. Each pesticide was tested at approximately 8 concentrations including the highest and a low recommended field dose. One ml of each concentration was applied in either a methanol or a benzene solution to both sides of a ca 9 cm diameter cotton leaf. Leaves used for controls were treated with solvent alone. The petiole of the leaf was wrapped with cotton and placed in a 9-ml (1.7 cm diameter by 6.0 cm long) vial filled with water. The treated leaf and water vial were placed in a 150-ml (5 cm diameter by 10 cm high) bottle with 3 raw sunflower seeds. An average of 25 unsexed adult western bigeyed bugs was added to each bottle. The top of the bottle was covered with a 100? cotton organdy square (12 x 12 cm) and fastened with a rubber band. The bottles were held at 25° and 75% relative humidity. Percentage insect mortality in each bottle was determined after 24 h.
Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Sorghum, 1982
Authors: All J.N. , Rogers, B. , Javid A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Dekalb BR641 was planted Jul 8 at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. The soil type was Cecil sandy loam. A randomized complete block design was used with 2 row plots x 20 ft long x 38 in wide x 3 ft alleys, 5 replicates. Granules were applied at planting time in a 7-in band over the row and incorporated in the soil ca 0.25 in deep. Sprayable formulations were applied as full cone sprays over the row 7 days after planting at 25 psi using a volume of 25 gal/acre. All plants in each plot were examined for lesser cornstalk borer damage on Jul 27 and Aug 16. Yield of dry matter (silage) was determined 120 days after planting by harvesting all plants in each plot.
Control of Lepidopteran Larvae Attacking Sorghum Grain Heads, 1982
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Funk’s G522DR’ was planted on Jun 23 by conventional tillage methods in a Cecil loamy clay soil type in Pike Co, GA. Plots were 6.1 m x 2 rows (91-cm row spacing) and were separated by 2 untreated rows and 1-m alleys. Insecticides were applied on Aug 31 with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 370 1/ha at 2.0-2.2 kg/cm2. Numbers of corn earworm (CEW) and sorghum webworm (SWW) larvae were determined before treatment and 1 and 2 days after treatment by shaking 10 randomly selected grain heads/plot into a bucket. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybeans, 1982
Authors: Dobrin G. Chris , Hammond Ronald B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ninety plots were located 3 miles west of Hebron, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers). Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 30 treatments. Treatments were applied on Aug 17, with a 4-row, CO2-charged bicycle sprayer. Liquid output was 50.9 ml/sec at 40 psi (29.3 gal/acre) for all compounds except Sevin XLR, applied at 9.0 ml/sec at 80 psi (2.6 gal/acre). Spray nozzles were TeeJet TX6 and TXl Brass Tip, respectively. Weather conditions at application were partly sunny, ca 80°F, humid, with a light breeze. Soybean plants were at growth stage R5. Plants were sampled with a 15-in diameter sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on Aug 13 (pretreatment), Aug 24 (7 days post treatment), and Aug 31 (14 days post treatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae, and Japanese beetle (JB) adults. Soybeans were examined on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Soybeans were hand harvested on Sep 21.
Insecticide Evaluations for Soybean Looper Control, 1981
Authors: Micinski Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of 3 insecticides for soybean looper control was evaluated using a randomized complete block design with 2 replications. Plots were 4 rows x 15.2 m (1.02 m centers). Soybeans were planted Jun 9 on a Latanier si 1 ty clay loam soil. Insecticides were applied in 6 gal of water per acre on Sep 23 with a high-clearance ground machine equipped with CO2 system designed for spraying small plots. The ground machine had a 4 row-boom with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Counts were made using a drop cloth by shaking the beans from 0.9 m of row on each side of the drop cloth onto the cloth. Two samples were taken in each plot.
Aphid Control on Irrigated Spring Wheat, Washington, 1982
Authors: Pike Keith S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling English grain aphid. Insecticides were applied 18 Jun to soft white spring wheat (milky-ripe stage of growth) grown on the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA. Treatments were applied with a hand-held sprayer calibrated to deliver 43 gpa at 40 psi. Temperature at the time of treatment was 72°F. A total of 0.9 and 0.08 in rain was received 27 and 29 Jun, respectively. Plots were 3 x 28 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present/10 randomly selected wheat heads from each plot at pre-treatment and at several post-treatment intervals.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Wheat, 1982
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticical treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larvae in soft red winter wheat. Insecticides were applied on May 11 on wheat located at the Russell Settle Farm near Warsaw, VA. A randomized block experimental design was employed with 3 replications. Individual plots were 6.1 x 7.4 m and spaced 0.92 m apart. Each spray concentrate was applied to the wheat with a CO2-compressed air sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 29 gal of finished formulation per acre. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined 2, 7 and 14 days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 0.3 row-m. Yield estimates were obtained from 4.9 row-m samples collected from the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Evaluation of a Synergist when Added to Synthetic Pyrethroids for Control of the House Fly in Dairy Premises, 1982
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Prentox PBO 8 (91.3% Piperonyl Butoxide Technical) was applied as a 5:1 tank mix with one-half recommended rates of Ectiban 5.7%EC and Ectrin 10%WDL, Jul through Sep, to dairy premises in Montgomery Co, VA. Standard treatments of Ectiban EC and Ectrin WDL were also applied to dairy premises for comparative efficacy. The treatments and rates were as follows: 1 qt Ectiban EC/12.5 gal water; 1 pt Ectiban EC & 5 pt PBO 8/12.5 gal water; 1 qt Ectrin WDL/10 gal water; 1 pt Ectrin WDL & 5 pt PBO 8/10 gal water. Each treatment was applied at separate dairies, not more than ca 5 miles from each other, with a high pressure sprayer operating at 100 psi. Weekly fly counts were made at all locations. Calf barns and loafing sheds were selected as the test areas. Two methods were used to determine fly populations. A Scudder grill was replicated at specific sites in a test area. After 1 min, flies that landed on the grill were counted. ‘Fly Catchers’ (Aeroxon) sticky tapes were also replicated at specific sites. The tapes were hung for 45 min, removed, and the total number of flies recorded. Pretreatment data were recorded. Post-treatment data were calculated as the weekly mean number of house flies for each sampling method per treatment. Weeks 4-11 were subjected to analysis of variance (P = 0.05).
Field Test of Pour Ons, Sprays and Eartags for Control of Cattle Lice on Beef Cattle, 1981
Authors: Campbell J.B. , Boxler D.J. , Gibney V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lice control trials were conducted on fall weaned calves belonging to UN-L or cooperating ranchers during the winters of 1979 and 1982, respectively. The degree of lice infestation was determined by restraining animals and counting lice in two-hand hairparts on the face, dewlap, neck, side, back and tail head (ca 6 sq in hide surface/hairpart). Animals with average lice numbers of 1-3 were termed lightly infested; 3-10 moderate; over 10, heavy. Lice representative of the infestation were removed with forceps and preserved in alcohol for microscopic identification. In these trials, Linognathus vituli was the major species but some animals also were infested with Solenoptes capillatus and/or Bovicola bovis. Treated and untreated animals were maintained separately throughout the 28-day trial period (Jan-Feb). The efficacy ot treatment (% reduction) was calculated on the basis of infested animals vs non-infested animals 28-days post treatment.
Evaluation of Tail Tapes and Ear Tags for Control of Horn Flies and Face Flies on Beef Cattle, 1982
Authors: Cloud J.A. , Collison A C.H. , Cash E.H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two types of insecticidal treatments were evaluated for control of horn flies and face flies on beef cattle at The Pennsylvania State University Beef and Sheep Farm. Three herds of purebred beef cattle on separate pastures were used for this study. Ectiban (0.9 g permethrin) Insecticide Tapes were attached to the tails of 53 Polled Hereford cows and the ear tags of 33 calves; Ectrin (8.6% fenvalerate) insecticidal impregnated plastic tags were attached to the ears of 47 Aberdeen Angus cows and 36 calves; and 17 Charolais cows and 15 calves were left untreated as controls. Both the Ectiban tapes and Ectrin tags were attached 1 per animal on Jun 2. The Ectiban tapes did not adhere well and were gradually lost from both the cows and calves. Missing tapes were replaced at 21 days post treatment (5 cows), 41 days post treatment (18 cows and 1 calf), 78 days post treatment (2 cows and 12 calves), and 84 days post treatment (14 cows, 27 left untreated because of insufficient tags). Treatment efficacy was assessed at 2-days post treatment and at weekly intervals for the duration of the study. Face flies were counted on the entire face while horn flies were counted on 1 side of the animal and doubled. Fly counts were taken between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.