bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More diverse reserve solutions for protecting biodiversity: an explicit difference criterion for producing a presentation set with exact optimisation methods
Authors: Brunel Adrien , Omer Jérémy , Lanco-Betrand Sophie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Protected areas are at the heart of current global policies against the erosion of biodiversity. For instance, to meet the pressing challenge of covering 30% of the surface of the sea under jurisdiction with a network of marine protected areas by 2030, reserve site selection models are increasingly mobilised. These models address the optimisation problem that seeks to cover biodiversity features at a minimum cost on human activities. A presentation set, i.e. a pool of alternative solutions, is often needed to increase the chances of satisfying unmodeled objectives that may be non-negligible in a conservation problem composed of various interests. The widely used Marxan repeats a metaheuristic algorithm based on random processes to produce diversity in the presentation set. Several works already demonstrated how exact optimisation methods outperform meta-heuristics both in computation time and optimality. However, the generation of multiple solutions is still raised as a key feature of metaheuristics. In this work, we proposed two algorithms to generate a presentation set with exact optimisation methods using recursive procedures based on an explicit difference criterion. The resulting alternative solutions were generated by controlling the optimality gap but also the difference with the optimal solution. This work showed that the presentation set offered by metaheuristics can be outstripped by an explicit, transparent and replicable presentation set built by exact optimisation methods. Allowing to understand precisely why and how the result was arrived at, the framework presented here should contribute to a more equitable negotiation among stakeholders engaged in conservation planning processes.
Data augmentation for imbalanced blood cell image classification
Authors: Rana Priyanka , Sowmya Arcot , Meijering Erik , Song Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to progression in cell-cycle or duration of storage, classification of morphological changes in human blood cells is important for correct and effective clinical decisions. Automated classification systems help avoid subjective outcomes and are more efficient. Deep learning and more specifically Convolutional Neural Networks have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various biomedical image classification problems. However, real-world data often suffers from the data imbalance problem, owing to which the trained classifier is biased towards the majority classes and does not perform well on the minority classes. This study presents an imbalanced blood cells classification method that utilises Wasserstein divergence GAN, mixup and novel nonlinear mixup for data augmentation to achieve oversampling of the minority classes. We also present a minority class focussed sampling strategy, which allows effective representation of minority class samples produced by all three data augmentation techniques and contributes to the classification performance. The method was evaluated on two publicly available datasets of immortalised human T-lymphocyte cells and Red Blood Cells. Classification performance evaluated using F1-score shows that our proposed approach outperforms existing methods on the same datasets.
Factors associated with poor social support in schizophrenia patients who are on follow up in public hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study
Authors: Andualem Fantahun , Derbie Tesfaye , Seid Jemal , Fasil Lidiya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which is characterized by affecting of thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behavior of an individual. Schizophrenic people are faced more difficulty than the rest in the community at the areas of their social interaction. This study aimed to identify factors associated with poor social support in schizophrenia patients who were on follow up in public health hospital in mekelle city. Methods: Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Double population proportion was used to calculate sample size, and we used Oslo‐3 Social Support Scale (OSS‐3) to assess social support. Systematic sampling technique was employed to collect the data. Data was entered in the computer using Epidata manager 4.4.2.1 version and analyzed by using SPSS 25 version. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: divorced/window (AOR=3.93, 95%CI: 1.07, 14.43), and had no religious practice (AOR=6.6, 95%CI: 1.44, 30.29) were significantly associated with poor social support in schizophrenia patients. But, age, educational level and substance use were not significantly associated.Conclusion: This study identified important associated factors with poor social support in schizophrenia patients in the study area. Among the studied factors, divorced/window, and had no religious practice were found to be associated with poor social support of schizophrenia patients.
Cutting carbon emissions from China’s food system by supply-demand coordination and optimizing spatial allocation of production
Authors: Qi Xinxian , Huang Xianjin , Feng Kuishuang , Yang Hong , Zhong Taiyang , Thompson Julian , Scott Steffanie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Food systems, including supply chains, account for approximately one-third of global anthropogenic GHGs emissions. We construct a bottom-up GHG inventory of China’s food system from farm to fork for the period 1990–2018. The decomposition method is used to assess regional differentiated drivers. GHG emissions reduced by 6.8% between 1990 and 2000 due to energy structure changes in East, Central and Southwest China. They then increased by 2.3% (2001–2010) because of rapid economic growth. Further large increases of 13.1% (2011–2018) were driven by growing consumption expenditure and GHG-intensive food consumption. In 2018 total emissions from China’s food system, including supply chains, was 1.55 Gt CO2e yr-1 (95%CI 1.07-2.03 Gt CO2e yr−1). Scenario simulation shows that demand- and supply-side synergies can offset emissions increases from high-quality protein food demands. Results demonstrate the importance of supply-side production spatial optimization and green source food importation for mitigating GHGs emissions.
One-stone-for-two-birds strategy to attain &gt;25% perovskite solar cells with marvelous stability
Authors: Yang Tinghuan , Gao Lili , Lu Jing , Ma Chuang , Du Yachao , Wang Peijun , Ding Zicheng , Wang Shiqiang , Liu Dongle , Li Haojin , Chang Xiaoming , Fang Junjie , Yang Yingguo , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Even though the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has been so popular for its skyrocketing power conversion efficiency (PCE), its further development is still roadblocked by its overall performance, in particular long-term stability, large-area fabrication and stable module efficiency. In essence, the soft component and ionic–electronic nature of metal halide perovskites usually chaperonage large number of anion vacancy defects that act as recombination centers to decrease both the photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability. Herein, we report a one-stone-for-many-birds strategy in which both anion-fixation and associated undercoordinated-Pb passivation are achieved by using a single amidino-based ligand, namely 3-amidinopyridine (3AP), for metal-halide perovskite to overcome above challenges. The resultant devices attain a power conversion efficiency as high as 25.3% (certified at 24.8%) with substantially improved stability. Moreover, the device without encapsulation retained 92% of its initial efficiency after 5000 h exposure in ambient and 90% of its initial efficiency after 200 h of operation at the maximum power point under simulated AM1.5G illumination. It is expected this one-stone-for-many-birds strategy will benefit large-area fabrication that desires for simplicity.
Rapid evolutionary change in trait correlations of a single protein
Authors: Dasmeh Pouria , Zheng Jia , Wagner Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many organismal traits are genetically determined and covary in evolving populations. The resulting trait correlations can either help or hinder evolvability – the ability to bring forth new and adaptive phenotypes. The evolution of evolvability requires that trait correlations themselves must be able to evolve, but we know little about this ability. To learn more about it, we here study one of the simplest evolvable systems, a gene encoding a single protein, and two traits of this protein, namely the ability to emit yellow and green light. We show that correlations between these two traits can evolve rapidly through both mutation and selection on short evolutionary time scales. In addition, we show that these correlations are driven by a protein’s ability to fold, because single mutations that alter foldability can dramatically change trait correlations. Since foldability is important for most proteins and their traits, mutations affecting protein folding may alter trait correlations mediated by many other proteins. Thus, mutations that affect protein foldability may also help shape the correlations of complex traits that are affected by hundreds of proteins.
How to Conserve the Hotspot Areas for Herpetofauna Species in South Korea?
Authors: Do Min Seock , Son Seok-Jun , Choi Green , Yoo Nakyung , Kim Dae-in , Koo Kyo-Soung , Nam Hyung-Kyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the geographic distribution of species is crucial for establishing protected areas. This study aimed to identify the preferred habitat environment of South Korean herpetofauna using distribution point information, providing the information necessary to protect their habitat by establishing a species distribution model. We found that climate variables in the region where 19 amphibians and 20 reptiles were distributed showed a correlation with altitude, suggesting altitude had a major influence on their distribution. The species distribution modeling indicated that 10–12 amphibian species and 13–16 reptile species inhabit the Gangwon-do region, forming hotspot areas in the eastern and western regions around the Taebaek Mountains. Some of these hotspot areas occurred in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and national parks, which are government managed ecological conservation areas. However, some hotspot areas are vulnerable to habitat destruction due to development and deforestation as they are not designated conservation areas. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new conservation areas with a focus on herpetofauna, after confirming the actual inhabitation of species through precise monitoring in predicted hotspot areas, and designate them as protected areas. These results can serve as important basic data for establishing protection measures and designating protected areas for herpetofauna species.
Time trends in the use of field-substitution in the Belgian health interview survey
Authors: Demarest Stefaan , Molenberghs Geert , Berete Finaba , Charafeddine Rana , Oyen Herman Van , Hal Guido Van 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Matched field-substitution has been applied in the Belgian Health Interview Survey (BHIS) since the first wave. During data-collection, non-participating households are replaced by substitute households, if needed up to seven times. In this manuscript, the use of field-substitution in the six rounds of BHIS (1997–2018) is assessed. We investigated to what extent field-substitution contributes to obtaining the requested net-sample size and whether this has evolved throughout the successive BHIS’s.
Methods
Harmonized para-data gathered throughout de data-collection phases are used to define the final participation status of all households that could be contacted for participation to the survey. The share of the substituted households was calculated and possible trends in the use of field-substitution throughout the successive surveys was assessed using logistic regression. Finally, it was examined whether the application of field-substitution changed in terms of the position of the participating household in the clusters, using the ESTIMATE statement in the SAS procedure NLMIXED.
Results
Overall, four in ten participating households are substitute households. This proportion remains rather similar over the surveys. The probability of participating according to the position of the household within the cluster is evidently much higher in households at the first position of initial selected clusters. Over the survey-years, the share of participating household derived from substitute clusters in the total number of participating households has slightly increased.
Conclusion
Field-substitution in BHIS plays a very substantial role in obtaining the requested net sample both in size and composition. Field-substitution, as applied in BHIS might inspire scientists to consider it when developing their surveys.
New Constraints on Cenozoic Subduction between India and Tibet
Authors: Liu Liang , Liu Lijun , Morgan Jason , Xu Yigang , Peng Diandian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The nature of the lost lithosphere that subducted between India and Tibet since the Paleocene remains controversial, with existing propositions including it being either entirely continental, oceanic, or a mixture of the two. As the subduction history of this lost lithosphere strongly controlled Tibetan intraplate tectonism, we attempt to further constrain its nature (density structure) by reproducing the histories of magmatism and crustal thickening and present-day plateau properties with numerical models. By matching time-evolving geological patterns, we find that the Tibetan tectonism away from the Himalayan syntaxis is most consistent with the initial subduction of a cratonic terrane at 55±5 Ma followed by a buoyant tectonic plate with a thin crust (e.g., a broad Indian continental margin), with limited or no oceanic crust. We propose that the subduction of this “Himalandia” was analogous to what would happen if modern Zealandia+ Australia were to undergo subcontinental collision and subduction.
Determinants of quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Type-I Diabetes Mellitus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bekele Bisrat Tamene , Demie Takele Gezahegn , Worku Frehiwot 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Living with type-I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presents children and adolescents with various daily challenges associated with disease management, including significant lifestyle changes due to intensive therapeutic exogenous insulin regimes, the need for dietary restrictions, regular exercise, and frequent biochemical marker monitoring. This study aimed at determining diabetes related quality of life (DRQoL) and factors influencing quality of life in Indian children and adolescents with T1DM.Methods: Three hundred seventy-nine randomly selected children and adolescents with T1DM were assessed using Pediatric quality of life inventory 3.2 diabetes module. Mean scores of DRQoL according to sociodemographic factors, and clinical variables were assessed by an independent sample t test, or ANOVA according to the characteristics of analyzed variables. Paired sample t-test was used to compare children’s and adolescents’ self-report with caregivers’ report. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify the significant predictors of DRQoL.Result: The total score of the PedsQL Diabetes Module self-report were found to be 83.77±11.11 for the 5 -12 years old and 80.27±13.52 for the 13-18 years old. Patients who attended education (β = -0.134, p= 0.013) and mothers of the patients being educated (β=0.300, p<0.001), and having insulin injection by primary care givers (β = 0.136, p=0.050) were positive determinants of DRQoL; while not attending diabetic education (β = -0.129, p=0.014) and an increase in the mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) (β = -0.130, p=0.016) were found to be negative determinants that explain 20.3% of the variability of total DRQoL scores of children and adolescents (R2=0.203, F(20,312)= 5.225, p<0.001).Conclusions: the quality-of-life score for children and adolescents with T1DM in Ethiopia was not sufficiently good. The educational status of patients, mothers’ educational status, fathers’ occupation, type of individual administering insulin medication, attending diabetes health education and mean fasting blood sugar were found to be determinants of DRQoL.
A comparison of chromic catgut, polyglactin 910, and Vicryil rapide sutures for episiotomy repair: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shahgheibi Shole , Zandvakili Farnaz , Rasouli Mohammad Aziz , Naqshbandi Mobin , Limouei Chnour 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Episiotomy is one of the common surgical procedures in maternity wards. A large number of women who undergo episiotomy suffer from short-term postpartum complications, which are associated with a type of applied suture. Chromic catgut, polyglactin 910 (Coated Vicryl) and Vicryil rapide are the most common suture materials for the perineal repair. The aim of this study is to compare three suture materials on perineal pain, infection, and inflammation at the site of perineal repair of episiotomy. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 114 patients referred to the labor ward of Besat Hospital, Sanandaj City, Iran in 2017-2018. Random allocation was conducted using envelopes containing a number from one to three for the three suture materials. Each envelope was opened by the gynecology resident and each group was treated by a specific suture material. The severity of perineal pain, infection, incidence rate of inflammation, and residual materials were evaluated at the 48th hours, 7th day, and 42nd day and in the case of pain during sexual intercourse at the 6th week after episiotomy.Results: The severity of perineal pain was significantly different between the three groups at 48th hour, 7th day, and 42nd day after episiotomy (P<0.001). Moreover, 15.4% of the patients (n=6) who used Vicryil rapide suture reported no pain (P<0.001). Moreover, the severity of the moderate and severe pains at the 7th day and 42nd day were significantly lower in Vicryil rapide group in comparison with the chromic catgut and polyglactin 910 groups. The inflammation at the site of perineum repair was also significantly lower in the Vicryil rapide group in comparison with other two other groups at the 48th hour and 7th day after episiotomy (P<0.001). Furthermore, the pain severity during sexual intercourse was significantly lower in the Vicryil rapide group (P<0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, using Vicryil rapide suture for episiotomy repair was associated with earlier pain and inflammation reduction at the site of perineum repair.Trial registration: IRCT20141208020249N5 (http://en.irct.ir/trial/34194)Date trial registration: 02 February 2019 (The trial was retrospectively registered)
Characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial communities in marine sediments in seas of China
Authors: Chen Hui , Zheng Minggang , Liu Weijian , Kuang Shaoping , Tian Minge , Zhang Shuai , Liu Shuai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Marine sediments have been regarded as hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) due to the continuous release of antibiotics and ARGs into seas. A comprehensive study on the spatial distribution of ARGs in sediments from different seas is needed for a better understanding of ARGs pollution in China. Marine sediments were collected from the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea, and five prevalent ARGs (i.e., blaTEM, sul1, tetA, tetC, and vanA) and one class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) were targeted and determined. β-lactam resistance genes blaTEM were ubiquitous and predominant in all sea areas with higher relative abundances up to 2.7×10− 3, followed by sulfonamide (sul1) and tetracycline resistance genes (tetC). IntI1 genes were detected in all sediments except for one sampling site in the South China Sea, with relative abundances ranging from 3.6 × 10− 5 to 1.3 × 10− 3. Total ARGs were more abundant in the South China Sea, followed by the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the Bohai Sea. Microbial community analysis showed that the microbial community in sediments collected from different seas were clustered separately and appeared distinct spatial characteristics. Contents of nitrate, organic carbon, and total carbon are the major physicochemical properties that influence the distribution and variation of blaTEM and tetC in sediments with their p-value lower than 0.05. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were dominant potential host bacteria of blaTEM, tetC, sul1, and int1. This study provides new insight into the pollution status of ARGs in the seas of China, which contributes to the ARGs risk assessment and raises awareness of managing antibiotic resistance pollution.
The regulatory landscapes of human ovarian ageing
Authors: Suh Yousin , Jin Chen , Wang Xizhe , Hudgins Adam , Gamliel Amir , Pei Mingzhuo , Kim Seungsoo , Contreras Daniela , Hoeijmakers Jan , Campisi Judith , Lobo Rogerio , Williams Zev , Rosenfeld Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The ovary is the first organ to age in the human body, affecting both fertility and overall health in women1-8. However, the biological mechanisms underlying human ovarian ageing remain poorly understood. Here we performed single-cell multi-omics analysis of young and reproductively aged human ovaries to understand the molecular and cellular basis of ovarian ageing in humans. Our analysis reveals coordinated changes in transcriptomic output and chromatin accessibility across cell types during ageing, including elevated mTOR and MAPK signaling, decreased activity of the oxidative phosphorylation and DNA damage repair pathways, and an increased signature of cellular senescence. By constructing cell type-specific regulatory networks, we uncover enhanced activity of the transcription factor CEBPD across cell types in the aged ovary, with a corresponding significant loss of activity of most cell identity-associated transcription factors. Moreover, by performing integrative analyses of our single-nuclei multi-omics data with common genetic variants associated with age at natural menopause (ANM) from genome-wide association studies, we demonstrate a global impact of functional variants on changes in gene regulatory networks across ovarian cell types. Finally, we nominate about a dozen of functional non-coding variants, their target genes and cell types and regulatory mechanisms that underlie genetic association with ANM. This work provides a comprehensive multimodal landscape of human ovarian ageing and mechanistic insights into inherited variation of ANM.
Virologic and Immunologic Characterization of COVID-19 Recrudescence after Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment
Authors: Carlin Aaron F. , Clark Alex E. , Chaillon Antoine , Garretson Aaron F. , Bray William , Porrachi Magali , Santos AsherLev T. , Smith Davey M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We isolated a SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant from a person with COVID-19 recrudescence after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. Antiviral sensitivity and neutralizing antibody testing was performed and compared with parental SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants of concern. We found that neither NM resistance nor absence of neutralizing immunity were likely causes of the recrudescence.