bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovule initiation: the essential step controlling offspring number in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yu Shi‐Xia , Jiang Yu‐Tong , Lin Wen‐Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeed is the offspring of angiosperms. Plants produce large numbers of seeds to ensure effective reproduction and survival in varying environments. Ovule is a fundamentally important organ and is the precursor of the seed. In Arabidopsis and other plants characterized by multi‐ovulate ovaries, ovule initiation determines the maximal ovule number, thus greatly affecting seed number per fruit and seed yield. Investigating the regulatory mechanism of ovule initiation has both scientific and economic significance. However, the genetic and molecular basis underlying ovule initiation remains unclear due to technological limitations. Very recently, rules governing the multiple ovules initiation from one placenta have been identified, the individual functions and crosstalk of phytohormones in regulating ovule initiation have been further characterized, and new regulators of ovule boundary are reported, therefore expanding the understanding of this field. In this review, we present an overview of current knowledge in ovule initiation and summarize the significance of ovule initiation in regulating the number of plant offspring, as well as raise insights for the future study in this field that provide potential routes for the improvement of crop yield.
Feasibility of wearable technology for ‘real‐world’ gait analysis in children with Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes
Authors: Kraan C. M. , Date P. , Rattray A. , Sangeux M. , Bui Q. M. , Baker E. K. , Morison J. , Amor D. J. , Godler D. E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are neurodevelopmental disorders in need of innovative ‘real‐world’ outcome measures to evaluate treatment effects. Instrumented gait analysis (IGA) using wearable technology offers a potentially feasible solution to measure “real‐world’ neurological and motor dysfunction in these groups.MethodsChildren (50% female; 6–16 years) diagnosed with PWS (n = 9) and AS (n = 5) completed ‘real‐world’ IGA assessments using the Physilog®5 wearable. PWS participants completed a laboratory assessment and a ‘real‐world’ long walk. The AS group completed ‘real‐world’ caregiver‐assisted assessments. Mean and variability results for stride time, cadence, stance percentage (%) and stride length were extracted and compared across three different data reduction protocols.ResultsThe wearables approach was found to be feasible, with all participants able to complete at least one assessment. This study also demonstrated significant agreement, using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), between laboratory and ‘real‐world’ assessments in the PWS group for mean stride length, mean stance % and stance % CV (n = 7, CCC: 0.782–0.847, P = 0.011–0.009).Conclusion‘Real‐world’ gait analysis using the Physilog®5 wearable was feasible to efficiently assess neurological and motor dysfunction in children affected with PWS and AS.
Minimally invasive procedures for the management of female pattern hair loss
Authors: Melo Daniel Fernandes , Cortez de Almeida Rita Fernanda , Frattini Simone Carolina , Santos Leopoldo Duailibe Nogueira , Ramos Paulo Müller 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFemale Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) is one of the most common types of hair loss in women. It is characterized by progressive follicular miniaturization leading to diffuse hair thinning over the midfrontal scalp with a negative impact on quality of life. Pharmacological treatments are commonly used, and hair follicle transplantation is an option for those cases with adequate donor area. Minimally invasive procedures, such as microneedling, mesotherapy, microinfusion of drugs into the scalp with tattoo machines (MMP®), and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) have been reported as adjuvant treatments.AimsThis study aims to summarize and discuss the efficacy of minimally invasive procedures described for the management of FPHL.MethodsPublished articles indexed on the Pubmed database and Scopus that described minimally invasive procedures for the management of FPHL in humans were considered. Citations were reviewed and added for completeness. The search was for articles in English only. After excluding duplicate titles, 23 relevant articles were considered.ConclusionMinimally invasive procedures are promising options and may play a role in FPHL treatment. They can be used as adjunctive therapy for FPHL, in case of poor response to clinical therapy, or when patients prefer other care than the standard. We reinforce that these methods should be performed by an experienced medical professional following strict aseptic techniques. However, microneedling, mesotherapy, MMP, and PRP lack standardization and are supported by a low level of evidence yet. For the future, larger randomized clinical trials are essential to determine the efficacy and optimal protocols for these treatments.
The moderating role of dispositional mindfulness in the associations of morningness‐eveningness with depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Gorgol Joanna , Stolarski Maciej , Jankowski Tomasz 
Published: June 2022

SummarySeveral studies have shown that eveningness is positively related to both depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, little is known about factors that may play a protective role against the undesirable emotional consequences of evening preference. Thus, in the present study, we explored the moderating effects of dispositional mindfulness on the relationship between morningness‐eveningness and the presence of depressive symptoms, as well as between morningness‐eveningness and the presence of anxiety symptoms. The study was conducted on a group of 1107 individuals (559 women and 548 men) aged 18–55 years (M = 36.26, SD = 9.89). Consistent with previous findings, eveningness was positively related to the presence of both depressive and anxiety symptoms. The magnitude of these effects decreased with higher dispositional mindfulness. The latter result remained significant when the analogical moderating effects of personality, established in earlier studies, were controlled for in the regression models. This leads to the conclusion that dispositional mindfulness may act as a protective factor against the elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms reported by evening‐oriented individuals.
Utility of fungal polymerase chain reaction on nasal swab samples in the diagnosis and monitoring of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs
Authors: Biénès Tom , Vangrinsven Emilie , Fastrès Aline , Garigliany Mutien‐Marie , Billen Frédéric , Clercx Cécile 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) the utility of PCR in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease after treatment has not been assessed.ObjectivesTo evaluate the presence of fungal DNA using quantitative PCR targeting Aspergillus fumigatus (Aspfum) and Aspergillus spp. (PanAsp), and PCR targeting multiple fungal species (PanFun), in samples obtained from nasal cavities of dogs with SNA, other nasal diseases and healthy dogs.AnimalsSixty‐two dogs including 20 with SNA, 12 with cured SNA (of which 10 are from the SNA group), 20 dogs with Non‐SNA nasal disease, and 20 healthy dogs.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study. Aspfum, PanAsp, and PanFun were performed on blindly collected nasal swabs obtained in anesthetized dogs.ResultsIn SNA dogs, Aspfum and PanAsp were positive in 13/20 and 14/20 dogs. In all dogs in the 3 other groups, A. fumigatus DNA was not detected using Aspfum. PanAsp was positive in 3 non‐SNA dogs: 1 with cured SNA and 2 with Non‐SNA nasal disease. A Ct cut‐off value of 33.3 for Aspfum demonstrated 65% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A Ct cut‐off value of 34.5 for PanAsp demonstrated 70% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity. PanFun was positive in 16/20, 12/12, 19/20, and 7/20 dogs in the SNA, cured SNA, Non‐SNA, and healthy groups, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceAspfum and PanAsp on blindly collected nasal swabs can be useful for the detection of SNA at diagnosis and at cure, especially when more invasive methods are not available.
A chromosome‐level Populus qiongdaoensis genome assembly provides insights into tropical adaptation and a cryptic turnover of sex determination
Authors: Li Yiling , Wang Deyan , Wang Weiwei , Yang Wenlu , Gao Jinwen , Zhang Wenyan , Shan Lanxing , Kang Minghui , Chen Yang , Ma Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPopulus species have long been used as model organisms to study the adaptability of trees and the evolution of sex chromosomes. As a species belonging to the section Populus and limited to tropical areas, the P. qiongdaoensis genome contains important information for tropical poplar studies and protection. Here, we report a chromosome‐level genome assembly and annotation of a female P. qiongdaoensis. Gene family clustering, positive selection detection and historical reconstruction of population dynamics revealed the tropical adaptation of P. qiongdaoensis, and showed convergent evolution with another tropical poplar, P. ilicifolia, at the molecular level, especially on some functional genes (e.g., PIF3 and PIL1). In addition, we also identified a ZW sex determination system on chromosome 19 of P. qiongdaoensis, and inferred that it seems to have a similar sex determination mechanism to other poplars, controlled by a type‐A cytokinin response regulator (RR) gene. However, comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the sex determination regions confirmed a cryptic sex turnover event in the section Populus, which may be caused by the translocation and duplication of the RR gene driven by Helitron‐like transposable elements. Our study provides new insights into the environmental adaptation and sex chromosome evolution of poplars, and emphasizes the importance of using long read sequencing in ecological and evolutionary inferences of plants.
Control strategy for stable formation of high‐speed virtually coupled trains with disturbances and delays
Authors: Liu Yafei , Zhou Yang , Su Shuai , Xun Jing , Tang Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVirtual coupling (VC) brings unprecedented opportunities for the train operation system by controlling multiple trains as a virtually coupled train set (VCTS) via train automation and communication. To deal with communication delays and small disturbances in a VCTS, this paper developed a tube‐based control approach for the VCTS, focusing on optimizing the control performances and meanwhile guaranteeing the individual and string stability. Specifically, a tube model predictive control (MPC) framework is constructed to handle safety constraints and regulate bounded small disturbances. Then, the individual stability and string stability are ensured by designing the constraint sets for inputs and proper coefficient tuning within the stable region. Finally, simulation‐based experiments verify that the proposed approach shows better robustness and higher efficiency, which can regulate train states within a tube, and the VCTS can be asymptotically stable and string stable facing disturbances and delays.
Asphalt pavement macrotexture reconstruction from monocular image based on deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Dong Shihao , Han Sen , Wu Chi , Xu Ouming , Kong Haiyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPavement macrotexture is one of the major factors affecting pavement functions, and it is meaningful to reconstruct the pavement macrotexture rapidly and accurately for pavement life cycle performance and quality evaluation. To reconstruct pavement macrotexture from monocular image, a novel method was developed based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). First, the red‐green‐blue (RGB) images and depth maps (RGB‐D) of pavement texture were acquired by smartphone and laser texture scanner, respectively, from various asphalt mixture slab specimens fabricated in the laboratory, and the pavement texture RGB‐D dataset was established from scratch. Then, an encoder–decoder CNN architecture was proposed based on residual network‐101, and different training strategies were discussed for model optimization. Finally, the precision of the CNN and the three‐dimensional characteristics of the reconstructed macrotexture were analyzed. The results show that the established RGB‐D dataset can be used for training directly, and the established CNN architecture is plausible and effective. The mean texture depth and f8mac of the reconstructed macrotexture both correlate with the benchmarks significantly, and the correlation coefficients are 0.88 and 0.96, respectively. It could be concluded that the proposed CNN can reconstruct the macrotexture from monocular RGB images precisely, and the reconstructed macrotexture could be further used for pavement macrotexture evaluation.
Singing accuracy across the lifespan
Authors: Pfordresher Peter Q. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough singing is a nearly universal human behavior, many adults consider themselves poor singers and avoid singing based on self‐assessment of pitch matching accuracy during singing (here referred to as singing accuracy), in contrast to the uninhibited singing exhibited by children. In this article, I report results that shed light on how singing accuracy changes across the lifespan, using data from a large online sample, including participants ranging from 6 to 99 years old. Results suggest that singing accuracy improves dramatically from childhood to young adulthood, unperturbed by voice changes during adolescence, and remain at a similarly high level for the remainder of life, exhibiting no strong tendency toward age‐related decline. Vocal or instrumental musical training has significant positive effects on singing accuracy, particularly in childhood, though there was no evidence for gender differences. Finally, pitch discrimination varied with age similarly to singing accuracy, in support of views that singing accuracy reflects sensorimotor learning. Taken together, these results are consistent with the view that singing accuracy is a learned motor skill that benefits from engagement and can remain a fruitful endeavor into old age.
Associations of physical condition with lung function and asthma in adolescents from the general population
Authors: Mensink‐Bout Sara M. , Jahangir Marc R. , de Jongste Johan C. , Raat Hein , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relation of physical condition with respiratory outcomes in adolescents is unclear. We examined the hypothesis that adolescents with a lower physical condition represented by a lower cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity, and a higher screen time have a lower lung function and higher risk of asthma.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study on 4854 children aged 13 years, we assessed cardiorespiratory fitness by using the peak work rate measured by the steep ramp test. Information on physical activity and screen time was obtained by self‐reported questionnaires. Lung function was measured by spirometry and current asthma was assessed by a parental‐reported questionnaire.ResultsTaking sociodemographic, lifestyle, and growth‐related confounders and multiple hypothesis testing into account, a 1 SD lower cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a lower FEV1, FVC, and FEF75 (Z‐score difference (95% CI): −0.31 (−0.35, −0.28), −0.30 (−0.33, −0.26), −0.13 (−0.17, −0.10), respectively), and a higher risk of asthma (Odds Ratio (95% CI) 1.25 (1.06, 1.46)). A 1 SD higher screen time was associated with a lower FVC (Z‐score difference (95% CI): −0.06 (−0.10, −0.03)). Physical activity and screen time were not related to asthma. Results did not materially change after additional adjustment for respiratory outcomes at an earlier age.ConclusionAdolescents with a lower cardiorespiratory fitness had a lower lung function and a higher risk of asthma. Those with a higher screen time had a lower FVC. Further studies are needed to explore the effect of improvements in physical condition on long‐term respiratory outcomes.
Environmental inequality: Air pollution and asthma in children
Authors: Paciência Inês , Cavaleiro Rufo João , Moreira André 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhether you benefit from high‐quality urban environments, such as those rich in green and blue spaces, that may offer benefits to allergic and respiratory health depends on where you live and work. Environmental inequality, therefore, results from the unequal distribution of the risks and benefits that stem from interactions with our environment.MethodsWithin this perspective, this article reviews the evidence for an association between air pollution caused by industrial activities, traffic, disinfection‐by‐products, and tobacco/e‐cigarettes, and asthma in children. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution increases asthma risk, including environmental epigenetic regulations, oxidative stress, and damage, disrupted barrier integrity, inflammatory pathways, and enhancement of respiratory sensitization to aeroallergens.Results and conclusionsEnvironmental air pollution is a major determinant of childhood asthma, but the magnitude of effect is not shared equally across the population, regions, and settings where people live, work, and spend their time. Improvement of the exposure assessment, a better understanding of critical exposure time windows, underlying mechanisms, and drivers of heterogeneity may improve the risk estimates. Urban conditions and air quality are not only important features for national and local authorities to shape healthy cities and protect their citizens from environmental and health risks, but they also provide opportunities to mitigate inequalities in the most deprived areas where the environmental burden is highest. Actions to avoid exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants should be complementary at different levels—individual, local, and national levels—to take effective measures to protect children who have little or no control over the air they breathe.
Moral Identity Predicts Adherence to COVID‐19 Mitigation Procedures Depending on Political Ideology: A Comparison Between the USA and New Zealand
Authors: McHugh Cillian , Griffin Siobhán M. , McGrath Melanie J. , Rhee Joshua J. , Maher Paul J. , McCashin Darragh , Roth Jenny 
Published: June 2022

Reducing the spread of infectious viruses (e.g., COVID‐19) can depend on societal compliance with effective mitigations. Identifying factors that influence adherence can inform public policy. In many cases, public health messaging has become highly moralized, focusing on the need to act for the greater good. In such contexts, a person's moral identity may influence behavior and serve to increase compliance through different mechanisms: if a person sees compliance as the right thing to do (internalization) and/or if a person perceives compliance as something others will notice as the right thing to do (symbolization). We argue that in societies that are more politically polarized, people's political ideology may interact with their moral identity to predict compliance. We hypothesized that where polarization is high (e.g., USA), moral identity should positively predict compliance for liberals to a greater extent than for conservatives. However, this effect would not occur where polarization is low (e.g., New Zealand). Moral identity, political ideology, and support for three different COVID‐19 mitigation measures were assessed in both nations (N = 1,980). Results show that while moral identity can influence compliance, the political context of the nation must also be taken into account.
Prognostic value of red cell distribution width and mean corpuscular volume on mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhang Jialing , Lu Xiangxue , Feng Jianan , Wang Shixiang , Li Han 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground: Anemia is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are principally used for differential diagnosis of anemia. Limited evidence is available for its prognostic value for mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to definite the relationship between RDW and MCV and mortality in HD patients. Method: This cohort study examined all‐cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality with 181 maintenance HD patients from February 2015. Patients were divided into four groups according to the median of RDW and MCV. Pearson analysis was conducted to determine the related factors of RDW and MCV. The independent association of RDW and MCV with mortality was examined with Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. Results: This study included 181 HD patients for a median follow‐up of 71 months. We found RDW was positively related to neutrophil count, C‐reaction protein, and ferritin, while negatively related to hemoglobin, albumin, and creatinine. Only neutrophil count and ferritin were significantly related to MCV in this study. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the high RDW group was associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality (odds ratio, 3.787; 95% confidence interval, 1.037 to 13.834; p = 0.044). The relationship between RDW and MCV and CV mortality was not significant. Conclusions: RDW could emerge as an additive risk factor for all‐cause mortality in maintenance HD patients, independent of other factors. An absolute value of MCV to predict mortality and the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms should be confirmed in the future.
On the Way to Limited Competitiveness: Political Consequences of the 2011 Electoral Reform in Hungary
Authors: Maškarinec Pavel , Charvát Jakub 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article tests the effects of a new electoral system in Hungary that was introduced by the governing FIDESZ party in 2011. We are especially concerned with the shape of single‐member district (SMD) level electoral competition following a significant transformation that tends to be viewed as serving FIDESZ's goal of preserving its constitutional majority. The results show not only transformation of Hungarian electoral politics between 2010 and 2018 elections but also the fact that the return of bipolarization is far from reality in Hungarian electoral politics. On one hand, the reform resulted in an increased number of districts with clear dominance of the two strongest parties nationally, but on the other hand, this trend was connected to asymmetrical bipartism, with clear advantage of the FIDESZ. Furthermore, there was a persistently high number of SMDs where the competition took place between the FIDESZ and one of the third‐place parties.
Investigation of oxygen saturation in regions of skin by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Mizukoshi Koji , Hamanaka Yoshihiro , Niwayama Masatsugu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOxygen is essential for life, and investigation of the skin's oxygen environment and identification of its effects on the skin may lead to the discovery of new antiaging targets. To understand individual skin differences and age‐related changes, we developed a noninvasive method using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure the regional saturation of oxygen (rSO2) of human skin.Materials and methodsTo construct an NIRS sensor probe specialized for skin measurement, the distance between the sensor transmitter and receiver was optimized based on data for the thickness of the facial skin to the subcutaneous fat layer. To analyze the relationship between skin oxygen saturation and body oxygen saturation, rSO2 was measured by NIRS, oxygen saturation of peripheral artery (SpO2) was measured by pulse oximeter, and physical conditions were considered, such as body mass index (BMI) and muscle mass, in Japanese women (age 20s–60s).ResultsBoth skin rSO2 and SpO2 varied among individuals and decreased with age. Only SpO2 showed a relationship with BMI and muscle mass, whereas rSO2 showed no relationship with these physical conditions. No relationship between rSO2 and SpO2 was observed.ConclusionIndividual and age‐related differences in skin by rSO2 values were found by NIRS optimized for local skin; however, the factors affecting rSO2 differed from those affecting SpO2, and further study is needed.