bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Representation of Damage and Failure Response of Three-Dimensional Textile SiC/SiC Ceramics Matrix Composites Subjected to Flexural Loading
Authors: Yang Zhengmao , Pang Keji , Lei Xianqi , Hu Qing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present work, the microstructure deformation and synergetic damage evolution of a three-dimensional textile SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composite under flexural loading are investigated by in situ digital image correlation at ambient temperatures. The correlations between microstructure evolution and macro-mechanical degradation of 3D textile composites under flexural loading are established based on the experimental results. In addition, by establishing continuum damage mechanics and a thermodynamic framework with synergetic effects of microstructures, a flexural loading-induced damage evolution model is developed to reveal the relationship between the energy release rate and elastic modulus degradation. The proposed model can be used to predict the flexural stress–strain curves of 3D textile SiC/SiC composites to further improve the design and assessment of new textile architectures with specific mechanical properties.
What is brain fog?
Authors: McWhirter Laura , Smyth Heather , Hoeritzauer Ingrid , Couturier Anna , Stone Jon , Carson Alan J 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe term ‘brain fog’ is increasingly used colloquially to describe difficulties in the cognitive realm. But what is brain fog? What sort of experiences do people talk about when they talk about brain fog? And, in turn, what might this tell us about potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms? This study examined first-person descriptions in order to better understand the phenomenology of brain fog.MethodsPosts containing ‘brain fog’ were scraped from the social media platform Reddit, using python, over a week in October 2021. We examined descriptions of brain fog, themes of containing subreddits (topic-specific discussion forums), and causal attributions.Results1663 posts containing ‘brain fog’ were identified, 717 meeting inclusion criteria. 141 first person phenomenological descriptions depicted forgetfulness (51), difficulty concentrating (43), dissociative phenomena (34), cognitive ‘slowness’ and excessive effort (26), communication difficulties (22), ‘fuzziness’ or pressure (10) and fatigue (9). 50% (363/717) posts were in subreddits concerned with illness and disease: including COVID-19 (87), psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, autoimmune and functional disorders. 134 posts were in subreddits about drug use or discontinuation, and 44 in subreddits about abstention from masturbation. 570 posts included the poster’s causal attribution, the most frequent attribution being long COVID in 60/570 (10%).Conclusions‘Brain fog’ is used on Reddit to describe heterogeneous experiences, including of dissociation, fatigue, forgetfulness and excessive cognitive effort, and in association with a range of illnesses, drugs and behaviours. Encouraging detailed description of these experiences will help us better understand pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive symptoms in health and disease.
Intelligence and Visual Mismatch Negativity: Is Pre-Attentive Visual Discrimination Related to General Cognitive Ability?
Authors: Hilger Kirsten , Euler Matthew J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEEG has been used for decades to identify neurocognitive processes related to intelligence. Evidence is accumulating for associations with neural markers of higher-order cognitive processes (e.g., working memory); however, whether associations are specific to complex processes or also relate to earlier processing stages remains unclear. Addressing these issues has implications for improving our understanding of intelligence and its neural correlates. The MMN is an ERP that is elicited when, within a series of frequent standard stimuli, rare deviant stimuli are presented. As stimuli are typically presented outside the focus of attention, the MMN is suggested to capture automatic pre-attentive discrimination processes. However, the MMN and its relation to intelligence has largely only been studied in the auditory domain, thus preventing conclusions about the involvement of automatic discrimination processes in humans' dominant sensory modality—vision. EEG was recorded from 50 healthy participants during a passive visual oddball task that presented simple sequence violations and deviations within a more complex hidden pattern. Signed area amplitudes and fractional area latencies of the visual MMN were calculated with and without Laplacian transformation. Correlations between visual MMN and intelligence (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices) were of negligible to small effect sizes, differed critically between measurement approaches, and Bayes Factors provided anecdotal to substantial evidence for the absence of an association. We discuss differences between the auditory and visual MMN, the implications of different measurement approaches, and offer recommendations for further research in this evolving field.
Draw Me a Flower: Processing and Grounding Abstraction in Natural Language
Authors: Lachmy Royi , Pyatkin Valentina , Manevich Avshalom , Tsarfaty Reut 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Abstraction is a core tenet of human cognition and communication. When composing natural language instructions, humans naturally evoke abstraction to convey complex procedures in an efficient and concise way. Yet, interpreting and grounding abstraction expressed in NL has not yet been systematically studied in NLP, with no accepted benchmarks specifically eliciting abstraction in NL. In this work, we set the foundation for a systematic study of processing and grounding abstraction in NLP. First, we deliver a novel abstraction elicitation method and present Hexagons, a 2D instruction-following game. Using Hexagons we collected over 4k naturally occurring visually-grounded instructions rich with diverse types of abstractions. From these data, we derive an instruction-to-execution task and assess different types of neural models. Our results show that contemporary models and modeling practices are substantially inferior to human performance, and that model performance is inversely correlated with the level of abstraction, showing less satisfying performance on higher levels of abstraction. These findings are consistent across models and setups, confirming that abstraction is a challenging phenomenon deserving further attention and study in NLP/AI research.
Geographical distribution and phylogenic relationships of Hirschmanniella diversa Sher (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) in Japan
Authors: Takagi Motonori , Sekimoto Shigeyuki , Mizukubo Takayuki , Wari David , Akiba Mitsuteru , Perry Roland N. , Toyota Koki 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Hirschmanniella diversa and H. imamuri parasitise the lotus, Nelumbo nucifera. Hirschmanniella spp. are the most important pests of lotus cultivation in Japan, but the distribution and species dominancy are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to collect Hirschmanniella spp. individuals from lotus roots in the major lotus cultivation areas in Japan and identify them morphologically and molecularly using the 18S, D2-D3 regions of rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). Hirschmanniella oryzae, commonly known to cause damage on rice in Japan, was also obtained and analysed for inter- and intraspecies sequence variations. All individuals of the genus Hirschmanniella extracted from lotus roots in 16 fields in ten prefectures were identified as H. diversa morphologically and molecularly. This result revealed that H. diversa is a dominant Hirschmanniella species parasitising lotus in Japan. Meanwhile, intraspecific sequence variations in H. diversa were relatively higher in the mtCOI (1-21 bases, ≦5.3%) than in the 18S rRNA and D2-D3 of 28S rRNA (0.0-0.3% and 0.0-0.4%, respectively) and in those of H. oryzae. Based on the mtCOI sequences, five haplotypes were identified and each haplotype was distributed in relatively close regions or regions in which the same lotus cultivars were grown, although further studies are required to verify this assertion. The morphological and genetic variations were higher in H. diversa than in H. oryzae (no intraspecific sequence variation in mtCOI), suggesting that H. diversa was not a recent invasive species.
How to Send a Secret Message from Rome to Paris in the Early Modern Period: Telegraphy between Magnetism, Sympathy, and Charlatanry
Authors: Sander Christoph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 1558, the famous natural magician Giambattista della Porta was the first to allude to a method of transmitting secret messages by using manipulated magnetic compasses. Soon thereafter, this idea, known in modern historiography as ‘magnetic telegraphy’, was spelled out and advertised by many early modern scholars as a promising technology of communication by action at a distance. In 1609, Daniel Schwenter created the most sophisticated design for the fulfillment of this potential: two compass needles were to be magnetized in a highly codified procedure to establish a sympathetic bond between them. Used in a compass circumscribed by an alphabet, one needle would turn to a certain letter whenever the other needle was moved to that same letter. Through ‘sympathy’, it was thought that this could made to occur even over a distance of many miles. The idea’s first critic, the Jesuit, Leonardo Garzoni, was quick to dismiss it as charlatanry, and many later authors argued that the device could not work as there was no such ‘sympathy’ or magnetism between the two devices. Though only a fanciful pipe dream of natural magic, this pseudo-technology of a magnetic telegraph yet testifies to the imagination of early modern scholars in having prefigured the modern reality of instantaneous global communication.
Understanding the Hidden Emotional Labour of Migrant Women Doing Domestic Cleaning Work in England
Authors: Chanamuto Nicola J. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the emotional labour of women migrants working as domestic cleaners in a small city in England. Drawing on qualitative data gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews, the essay foregrounds the narratives of a group whose perspectives have not been widely captured. In order to provide a good service, cleaners in the sample modified and mobilised their emotions, conveying friendliness and expressing empathy when faced with clients’ vulnerabilities. Framing domestic cleaning as relational, ‘intimate labour’ allows a better understanding of the role of migrant women in providing practical and emotional care. The analysis contributes to studies of migrant emotionality by situating cleaners’ emotional labour in the context of their transnational lives.
Becoming Respectable: Material, Symbolic and Emotional Aspects of Hospital Cleaning Work
Authors: Stournara Nefeli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the working experiences of twenty-four women cleaners in two public hospitals in Athens, Greece. The participants are Albanian and ethnic Greek Albanian. It focuses on the intersectionalities of gender, ethnicity and class, drawing from ethnographic research during the period 2017–2018 in two hospital sites, which included interviews and observations with women migrant workers. The essay is structured around two key research questions: how both groups of migrant women cleaners experienced material, emotional and symbolic aspects of cleaning at the hospital, mobilising their gendered and ethnicised bodies at work; and how both groups narrated their experiences of their embodied gendered, ethnicised and classed selves, on individual as well as collective levels, to give meaning, to create a process of valuation and to construct formations of respectability. I reveal how the process of cleaning is caught between material, symbolic, emotional and embodied aspects, with migrant women cleaners forming ways of feeling respectable.
Assessment of Large-Scale Indices of Surface Temperature during the Historical Period in the CMIP6 Ensemble
Authors: Bodas-Salcedo A. , Gregory J. M. , Sexton D. M. H. , Morice C. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We develop a statistical method to assess CMIP6 simulations of large-scale surface temperature change during the historical period (1850–2014), considering all time scales, allowing for the different unforced variability of each model and the observations, observational uncertainty, and variable ensemble size. The generality of this method, and the fact that it incorporates information about the unforced variability, makes it a useful model assessment tool. We apply this method to the historical simulations of the CMIP6 multimodel ensemble. We use three indices that measure different aspects of large-scale surface air temperature change: global mean, hemispheric gradient, and a recently developed index that captures the sea surface temperature (SST) pattern in the tropics (SST#; see Fueglistaler and Silvers). We use the following observations: HadCRUT5 for the first two indices, and AMIPII and ERSSTv5 for SST#. In each case, we test the hypothesis that the model’s forced response is compatible with the observations, accounting for unforced variability in both models and observations as well as measurement uncertainty. This hypothesis is accepted more often (75% of the models) for the hemispheric gradient than for the global mean, for which half of the models fail the test. The tropical SST pattern is poorly simulated in all models. Given that the tropical SST pattern can strongly modulate the relationship between energy imbalance and global-mean surface temperature anomalies on annual to decadal time scales (short-term feedback parameter), we suggest this should be a focus area for future improvements due to its potential implications for the global-mean temperature evolution in decadal time scales.
Design of size uniform and controllable covalent organic framework nanoparticles for high-performance anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Han Guangze , Xiang Shuo , Jiang Kang , Zhang Wei , Weng Qunhong 
Published: December 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) receive much attention in biomedicine because of their unique adsorption, optical and biological properties, as well as highly variable structures. However, preparation of nanosized COFs with uniform and controllable size is still a challenge. Herein, we develop a facile interfacial method to prepare the COF nanoparticles (COFNPs) with the uniform size of 30–50 nm from p-benzoquinone (BQ) and 4-[1,2,2-tris(4-aminophenyl)ethenyl]aniline (TPEA) by Michael addition. The TPEA-BQ COFNPs show positive zeta potential and effectively load the hydrophobic anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) with the capacity of up to 127wt%, and remarkably improved the CPT dispersibility in water due to the retention of quinone structure. In vitro assay reveals CPT@ TPEA-BQ significantly reduced cell viability to 29% after 24 h incubation, much lower than that of free CPT (51%) at the same concentration of 10 μg mL−1. Further in vivo experiment confirms the high anticancer drug delivery performance of the designed TPEA-BQ COFNPs. After 20 days of injection treatment, the CPT loaded in TPEA-BQ COFNPs inhibits the tumor growth by 60%, much higher than that of free CPT group (23%). This work demonstrates the feasibility to design advanced drug delivery systems based on highly structure-tunable COF system.
The Incidence and Outcomes for Children with Cleft Palate and/or Lip and CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Farid Mohammed , Cafferky Louise , Kirk Jeremy , Kershaw Melanie , Slator Rona 
Published: December 2022

Objectives Published literature on children with cleft palate and/or lip (CP + /-L) and CHARGE syndrome (CS) is limited. This study investigated cleft characteristics including surgery, and feeding and communication outcomes in children identified with CP + /-L and CS. Design Retrospective cross-sectional review. Setting Regional Referral Centre for Paediatric Cleft Surgery. Patients All children diagnosed with CP + /-L and CS (based on clinical features and/or CHD7 mutation testing) between 1989–2019. Main Outcome Measures Cleft type, timing of CP + /-L repair, reasons for ‘delayed’ repair, feeding methods and communication modality. Results Twenty-two children with CP + /-L and CS were identified. Cleft sub-types (%) were: Eleven (50%) had bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), six (27%) had unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and five (23%) had cleft palate (CP). Cleft repair was delayed compared to protocol care for non-syndromic children with CP + /-L. Median age for lip repair + /- vomerine flap was 9 months (range 4–22 months), and palate repair was 21 months (range 11–40 months). Median age for isolated CP repair was 13 months (range 7–23). Surgery for cardiac anomalies (36%) before cleft repair, and (59%) were classed as having severe systemic disease at the time of cleft surgery. Only 27% of the children in this study had both full oral feeding and verbal communication. Conclusions Children with CP + /-L and CS had severe cleft types and complex medical problems leading to delayed cleft surgery. Feeding and speech outcomes were better in the children aged over ten years.
Why the Public Supports the Human Rights of Prisoners and Asylum Seekers: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Crabtree Charles , Koo Jeong-Woo , Murdie Amanda , Tsutsui Kiyoteru 
Published: December 2022

What factors shape support for the human rights of prisoners and asylum seekers at the individual level? Although the human rights literature has expanded greatly in the last 30 years, comparatively little attention has been paid to (a) the many human rights outside of a very small set of physical or bodily integrity rights and (b) the role of public opinion. We build a theoretical model of various human rights as public opinion-related policy choices, developing the micro-foundations of public support for the human rights of vulnerable subpopulations. Drawing on the broader literature on public policy and international norms, we use experimental methods to test whether calls to rational effectiveness or international norm cascades improve support for the rights of prisoners and asylum seekers. Although we find baseline support for these rights in the United States and Canada, our findings also imply that rhetoric on the potential costs of human rights policy could reduce popular support, even when such policy is consistent with international norms.
Part A. Decision-making and path planning based on skilled driver’s performance for emergency obstacle avoidance
Authors: Neisy Minaei Samir , Ghaffari Ali 
Published: December 2022

Emergency Lane Change (ELC) is a strategic maneuver for collision avoidance (CA) at high speeds where there is an accident risk. In this paper, two algorithms are designed for CA at high speeds based on the vehicle’s initial speed and the distance of the obstacle. The first algorithm selects the more suitable case between Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) and ELC systems to prevent an accident. Suppose there was no choice except a rapid Lane Change (LC); the second algorithm does path planning for an ELC. The most critical issue in the ELC is time because this maneuver’s duration is less than 2 or 3 s on the dry or wet road. So, designing a fast and safe path planning algorithm is very important. To solve this problem, with a seven-degrees of freedom vehicle dynamic’s equations and the skilled driver behavior manner in the ELC maneuver, scrollable and stable paths for initial speeds of 75–125 km/h are extracted. Then, a neural network (NN) is trained based on this simulated data. The main feature of this network is to design stable paths as fast as possible. Also, this network can plan the paths in the various road friction coefficients between 0.5 and 1. The trajectory is selected based on two geometric constraints including, including (1) not colliding with obstacles and (2) not crossing the road boundary.
A comprehensive investigation of the impacts of discovery time and fire brigade response time on life safety and property protection in England
Authors: Manes Martina , Rush David 
Published: December 2022

The investigation of fire incidents in buildings is essential in understanding the consequences on occupants and property. Moreover, a fundamental role in life safety and property protection is represented by the minutes after the fire ignition. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the effects that the discovery time of occupants and response time of the fire brigades have on a successful evacuation, reduction of fatalities and fire confinement in buildings. The Dwellings and Other buildings fire statistical databases published by the Home Office in England with data from 2010/11 to 2016/17 are investigated to determine how the fatality/casualty rates vary with different discovery times in Dwellings according to the methodology provided by Ramachandran, and adopted in the PD 7974-7:2003. Furthermore, the average response time of the fire brigades for Dwellings and Other buildings appears to be between 7-8 and 8-9 minutes, respectively. When the response times are analyzed in terms of the fatality/casualty rate, there is an upward trend in Other buildings. Finally, response time is also examined considering fire spread, fire and total damage showing that in Other buildings the classes of more severe fire damage increase for a response time between 6 and 8 minutes.
Safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A systematic review
Authors: Paybast Sepideh , Mohamadian Reza , Emami Ali , Jameie Melika , Shahrab Fereshteh , Zamani Farideh , Sharifipour Ehsan 
Published: December 2022

Introduction Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon but fatal cause of stroke worldwide. Endovascular treatments could be life-saving in patients who don't treat with anticoagulants as a mainstay of treatment. Currently, there is no consensus considering the safety, efficacy, and also selected approaches of endovascular intervention for these patients. This systematic review evaluates the literature on endovascular thrombolysis (EVT) in CVST patients. Materials and Methods A comprehensive search was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases between 2010 and 2021, with additional sources identified through cross-referencing. The primary outcomes were the safety and efficacy of EVT in CVST, including catheter-related and non-catheter-related complications, clinical outcomes, and radiological outcomes. Results A total of 10 studies comprising 339 patients were included. Most of the patients presented with headaches (86.72%) and/or focal neurologic deficits (45.43%) (modified Rankin Scale of 5 in 55.88%). Acquired coagulopathy and/or consuming estrogen/progesterone medication were the most frequent predisposing factors (45.59%). At presentation, 68.84% had multi-sinus involvement, and 28.90% had venous infarcts and/or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The overall complication rate was 10.3%, with a 2.94%, 1.47%, and 1.17% rate of ICH, herniation, and intracranial edema, respectively. The complete and partial postoperative radiographic resolution was reported in 89.97% of patients, increasing to 95.21% during the follow-up. Additionally, 72.22% of patients had no or mild neurologic deficit at discharge, rising to 91.18% at the last follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 7.07%. Conclusions EVT can be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with refractory CVST or contraindications to systemic anticoagulation.