bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixed-methods, exploratory, quasi-experimental evaluation of a radio drama intervention to prevent age-disparate transactional sex in Tanzania
Authors: Pichon Marjorie , Carter Daniel J , Howard-Merrill Lottie , Sono Revocatus , Gimunta Veronicah , Rutenge Oscar , Thiaw Yandé , Stoebenau Kirsten , Perrin Nancy , Buller Ana Maria 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAge-disparate transactional sex (ADTS) is associated with HIV, unintended pregnancy, school dropout and violence, yet few interventions have successfully prevented it, and none have set ADTS prevention as their primary outcome. This exploratory evaluation aimed to assess indications of change after exposure to the Learning Initiative on Norms, Exploitation and Abuse (LINEA) intervention, a mass-media, gender-transformative social norms intervention aimed at preventing ADTS in Tanzania.MethodsIn a condensed implementation 331 participants were instructed to listen to the LINEA radio drama over seven weeks, and 60 were randomly allocated to household discussion sessions about content. In-depth interviews (n = 81) from girls aged 12–16 years, and women and men caregivers were collected at baseline (September 2021), midline (November) and endline (December 2021). Surveys were conducted (n = 120) at baseline and endline using the Norms and Attitudes on ADTS Scale (NAATSS) and the Gender Roles and Male Provision Expectations (GRMPE) scale. Interviews were thematically analyzed using a framework approach. Age-stratified linear regression models adjusted for baseline scores were used to measure association between the intervention and endline scale scores.ResultsLongitudinal data were available from 59 qualitative (73%) and 95 quantitative participants (79%). Qualitative evidence revealed the drama facilitated family conversations about adolescent challenges, allowing caregivers to advise daughters. Some girls gained confidence to refuse men's gifts, learning that accepting them could necessitate sexual reciprocation. Some caregivers felt increased responsibility for supporting girls in the community to avoid ADTS. Blame for ADTS shifted for some from girls to men, suggesting increased understanding of inequitable power dynamics and reductions in victim blaming. Marginal quantitative evidence revealed that highly exposed girls had improved gender equitable beliefs on the GRMPE (β = −6.26; 95% CI: −12.94, 0.42). Moderately exposed men had increased gender inequitable norms on the NAATSS subscale (β = 0.42 95% CI: 0.05, 0.79), but there was no effect in highly exposed men.ConclusionsGiven the small sample results should be interpreted cautiously. Our initial findings indicate high engagement with the LINEA intervention shows promise in shifting knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes, beliefs and social norms driving ADTS in Shinyanga, Tanzania, supporting a robust impact evaluation.
Plantain flour: A potential anti-obesity ingredient for intestinal flora regulation and improved hormone secretion
Authors: Fu Jinfeng , Xiao Junxiu , Tu Shiyun , Sheng Qianru , Yi Ganjun , Wang Juan , Sheng Ou 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionDevelopment of functional food ingredients with anti-obesity is a growing interest in the global food industry. Plantain (Musa spp. AAB), a special type of cooking/starchy banana, is widely growing in African and Latin American countries. The flour made from unripe plantain pulp, which is considered as a natural source of indigestible carbohydrates such as resistant starch (RS), could be used in the formulation of diverse functional foods due to its anti-obesity properties. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity properties of plantain flour are not explored.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the changes in serum hormone levels, liver transcriptome profiles, and the modulation of gut microbiota in high-fat-fed Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The male SD rats were divided into six groups, viz. two control groups [non-obese (NC) or obese (OC)] which were not given the supplementation, one positive control (PC) group which received orlistat supplementation (60 mg/kg body weight/day), and three groups of obese rats which were supplemented with unripe plantain flour (UPF) at a dosage (body weight/day) of 1.25 g/kg (low-dose, LD), 2.50 g/kg (intermediate-dose, MD) or 5.0 g/kg (high-dose, HD).Results and discussionIt was found that UPF supplementation could lower the insulin levels of the obese rats. Moreover, UPF supplementation had a positive impact on gut microbiota, decreasing the relative abundances of Blautia, Parasutterella and Fusicatenibacter which were closely related to obesity, and increasing the relative abundances of probiotics (Allobaculum, Romboutsia, Staphylococcus, and Bacteroides). The spearman correlation analysis revealed that UPF supplementation reduced the relative abundance of Parasutterella and possibly decreased the blood sugar levels, leading to a decrease in the relative abundances of Blautia and Fusicatenibacter and a subsequent decrease in insulin levels. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the liver tissues displayed that the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-1α (PPAR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway genes (Pparaa, Cpt1a, Prkaa1, Prkab1, Prkaa2, and Ppargc1a) were upregulated in those groups supplemented with UPF. These results indicated that UPF could mediate the glucolipid metabolism in the obese rats. Taken together, our findings suggested that the anti-obesity properties of UPF could be achieved by decreasing the insulin levels, positive-regulating of the gut microbiota composition as well as altering gene expression related to glucolipid metabolism.
Can the use of digital technology improve the cow milk productivity in large dairy herds? Evidence from China's Shandong Province
Authors: Qi Yuwen , Han Jiqin , Shadbolt Nicola M. , Zhang Qing 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionImproving milk productivity is essential for ensuring sustainable food production. However, the increasing difficulty of supervision and management, which is associated with farm size, is one of the major factors causing the inverse relationship between size and productivity. Digital technology, which has grown in popularity in recent years, can effectively substitute for manual labor and significantly improve farmers' monitoring and management capacities, potentially addressing the inverse relationship.MethodsBased on data from a survey of farms in Shandong Province in 2020, this paper employs a two-stage least squares regression model to estimate the impact of herd size on dairy cow productivity and investigate how the adoption of digital technology has altered the impact of herd size on dairy cow productivity.ResultsAccording to the findings, there is a significant and negative impact of herd size on milk productivity for China's dairy farms. By accurately monitoring and identifying the time of estrus, coupled with timely insemination, digital technology can mitigate the negative impact of herd size on milk productivity per cow.DiscussionTo increase dairy cow productivity in China, the government should promote both small-scale dairy farming and focus on enhancing management capacities of farm operators, as well as large-scale dairy farms and increase the adoption of digital technologies.
Systemizing a rural livelihood diversification framework for sustainable community-based agritourism: A participatory approach to ensure resilience
Authors: Cavalleri Sofia Anna Enrica , Tanwattana Puntita , Grünbühel Clemens M. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionSituated approaches of rural livelihood diversification, such as community-based agritourism, can localize sustainable food systems at the regional level. This research advances an integrated framework of indicators to assess the interdisciplinary benefits of rural livelihood diversification practices for sustainable local food systems and community resilience.MethodsWe built a framework on four dimensions deducted from secondary data: (1) environmental, (2) sociocultural, (3) economic, and (4) health. These were validated with an inductive analysis of primary data, which we collected from a panel of experts with a content validity index and tested in three rural case studies with shadow observation and qualitative interviews. We conducted both in-depth interviews with community leaders (n = 10) and semi-structured interviews with multi-sectoral stakeholders (n = 40).ResultsFindings (1) identify a comprehensive list of indicators to assess environmental, sociocultural, economic, and health dimensions of rural livelihood diversification practices and (2) advance a participatory approach to prioritize indicators according to their regional relevance (co-developed with stakeholders involved in Bangkok's local food systems). Food tourism connects the four dimensions by (1) preserving local agrobiodiversity (2) preserving rural communities' traditions (3) creating new capacity building opportunities for community-driven socio-economic development and (4) recognizing the health benefits of indigenous foods.DiscussionThis study contributes to a value-added conceptualization of community-based agritourism as a rural livelihood diversification practice. Such research effort highlights the importance of co-producing and ground-truthing indicators for rural livelihood diversification practices localizing sustainable development goals.
The Dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans Cell and Transcriptional Remodeling during Infection
Authors: Freitas Gustavo J. C. , Gouveia-Eufrasio Ludmila , Emidio Eluzia C. P. , Carneiro Hellem C. S. , de Matos Baltazar Ludmila , Costa Marliete C. , Frases Susana , de Sousa Araújo Glauber R. , Paixão Tatiane A. , Sossai Brunno G. , Caza Melissa , Kronstad James W. , Peres Nalu T. A. , Santos Daniel A. 
Published: December 2022

The phenotypic plasticity of Cryptococcus neoformans is widely studied and demonstrated in vitro, but its influence on pathogenicity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of cryptococcal cell and transcriptional remodeling during pulmonary infection in a murine model. We showed that in Cryptococcus neoformans, cell size reduction (cell body ≤ 3 µm) is important for initial adaptation during infection. This change was associated with reproductive fitness and tissue invasion. Subsequently, the fungus develops mechanisms aimed at resistance to the host’s immune response, which is determinant for virulence. We investigated the transcriptional changes involved in this cellular remodeling and found an upregulation of transcripts related to ribosome biogenesis at the beginning (6 h) of infection and a later (10 days) upregulation of transcripts involved in the inositol pathway, energy production, and the proteasome. Consistent with a role for the proteasome, we found that its inhibition delayed cell remodeling during infection with the H99 strain. Altogether, these results further our understanding of the infection biology of C. neoformans and provide perspectives to support therapeutic and diagnostic targets for cryptococcosis.
Effects of Tillage Intensity, Cover Crop Species and Cover Crop Biomass on N-Fluxes, Weeds and Oat Yields in an Organic Field Experiment in Germany
Authors: Grosse Meike , Haase Thorsten , Heß Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

The non-turning or only superficial turning of soil is considered to be a gentle tillage method. Nevertheless, conventional ploughs are widely used in organic farming for crop production reasons. For the further development of reduced tillage, and up to no tillage, the effects of three cover crop species and their incorporation with different tillage intensities on nitrogen (N) dynamics, weed emergence and the yield of the subsequent main crop, oats, were examined in a repeated organic one-year trial. Sinapis alba, Trifolium resupinatum, Vicia sativa and bare fallow were tested and incorporated using (1) a plough (PL), (2) reduced tillage (RT), (3) mulching + drilling (MD) and (4) direct drilling (DD). V. sativa was the most promising cover crop in combination with RT, MD and DD. In Trial 1, the soil mineral N content and oat yields after the introduction of V. sativa were on a similar level as those in the PL treatments, and weeds were not yield-limiting there. In Trial 2, the biomass production of V. sativa was only about half of that of Trial 1 and did not offer sufficient weed control, but V. sativa was still successful in the RT treatments. In both trials, the yield differences were more pronounced between the cover crop treatments after RT than after PL. RT, therefore, was more dependent on an adequate cover crop species than PL. The no-till method was not only dependent on an adequate cover crop species but also on its proper biomass production for sufficient weed control.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA PRODUKSI MINYAK ATSIRI NILAM DI DESA TAMPAK KURRA KECAMATAN TABULAHAN KABUPATEN MAMASA
Authors: Destria Roland , Kusmia Nurhaya , Basri Zulkifli 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) nilai pendapatan petani dari hasil budidaya nilam di desa Tampak kurra, 2) Untuk mengetahui kelayakan keusaha tani nilam di desa tampak kurra, dan 3) untuk mengetahui hal apa saja yang perlu di ketahui dan dipertimbangkan oleh petani,dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan ataupun meminimalisir kerugian dalam usaha produksi minyak nilam. Penelitian ini dilakukan didesa tampak kurra, kecamatan tabulahan, kabupaten mamasa dan mulai dilaksanakan di bulan desember 2021. Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 40 0rang yang di peroleh dari 199 orang populasi. Jenis data yang dipergunakan merupakan data primer dan data sekunder dengan tekhnik pengumpulan data melalui obvervasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan R/C ratio dan break efent point (BEP).Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan struktur biaya pada usaha tani nilam di desa tampak kurra, dengan rata - rata total biaya produksi(TC) adalah Rp. 2.473.555, rata – rata total penerimaan(TR) adalah Rp. 3.426.000, dan rata- rata pendapatan adalah Rp. Rp. 952.445. Nilai R/C ratio pada usaha tani nilam di desa tampak kurra adalah 1,3 yang berarti usaha tersebut memperoleh keuntungan dan layak diussahakan, sedangkan nilai BEP nya adalah 1,9 untuk BEP unit dan Rp. 877.015 untuk BEP rupiah.
KEBERLANJUTAN PROGRAM NASIONAL PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM DAN SANITASI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT(PAMSIMAS) KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Nengsi Sri , Sohorah Sitti , Wiwandra Aswar , Tu'sadia Halima 
Published: December 2022

Kabupaten Polewali Mandar salah satu kabupaten penerima Program Pengembangan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (Pamsimas), tahun 2014 sampai tahun 2021 telah mengintervensi 92 desa dan 2 kelurahan, perlu keberlanjutan agar sarana tersebut tetap bisa di manfaatkan masyarakat. Saat ini ada 5 desa sasaran program Pamsimas dimana sarana air minum dan sanitasi tidak berfungsi dan 5 desa berfungsi sebagaian, agar bisa di manfaatkan dengan baik maka dirumuskan permasalahan yang akan diteliti yaitu "bagaimana keberlanjutan Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (PAMSIMAS) di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar tahun 2022, dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, bertujuan memperoleh kejelasan secara luas tentang keberlanjutan Program, dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan menganalisis data penelitian mencakup transkip hasil wawancara, reduksi data, analisis, interpretasi data dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberlanjutan program PAMSIMAS akan mengintervensi desa sebanyak 12 desa dimana 10 desa akan didanai APBN dan 2 desa didanai APBD, KPSPAMS kabupaten tetap akan memantau dan memonitoring desa pasca Pamsimas. Pemerintah Daerah juga menerapkan kebijakan pembangunan SPAMS berbasis masyarakat,untuk meningkatkan dukungan kebijakan dan regulasi di tingkat desa/kelurahan. Tahun 2022 pemda sudah menyiapkan dana shering untuk desa Pamsimas yang akan berjalan. Simpulan penelitian bahwa keberlanjutan program PAMSIMAS didukung oleh pemerintah dengan menyiapkan dana untuk desa yang akan diintervensi.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMESANAN EVENT ORGANIZER BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Maesy Maesy , Assidiq Muhammad , Muammar Muammar 
Published: December 2022

Event Organizer merupakan penyedia layanan professional yang membantu dalam menyiapkan pelaksanaan acara yang di inginkan oleh pengguna. banyaknya event yang hanya dieksekusi oleh panitia lokal yang disebabkan karena kurangnya informasi mengenai peyedia layanan jasa professional, barang dan jasa yang dipromosikan perlu di tampung dalam sebuah media yang mempermudah konsumen dalam menemukan barang atau jasa yang diinginkannya sekaligus membantu setiap pemiik event dalam peningkatan layanan, maka dirancanglah sebuah sistem informasi pemesanan berbasis android, aplikasi pemesanan ini nantinya akan dibangun dengan android studio yang memiliki sifat open suorce, menggunakan data base manajemen system mysql, web service yang disampaikan dalam bentuk josn yang digunakan sebagai penghubung antar aplikasi, untuk bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah php dan java. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat membantu calon pengguna jasa atau barang yang sesuai mereka inginkan, memberikan informasi, jugs peningkatan layanan kepada pengguna jasa event organizer. Kata kunci : Event Organizer, Android Studio , Java , Web Service
PENGARUH APLIKASI GEOGEBRA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 MAMBI
Authors: Khifa Mastura , Ahmad Herlina , Rahayu Ayu 
Published: December 2022

Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah agar dapat mengetahui adanya pengaaruh aplikasi GeoGebra terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Mambi. Penelitian ini ialah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan sampel 54 orang yang terbagi menjadi dua kelas, ialah kelas VIII A (kelas eksperimen) sebanyak 25 siswa yang diajar menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dan kelas VIII B (kelas kontrol) sebanyak 29 siswa yang diajar tanpa menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra. Setelah diberikan tes awal (pretest) diperoleh rata-rata skor pemecahan masalah matematika pada kelas eksperimen 41.77 dan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh 40.22. Nilai rata-rata pemecahan masalah matematika setelah diberikan tes akhir (pos test) pada kelas eksperimen 80.14 dan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh 70.62. Data pengujian uji-t thitungsebesar 3, 265. Sedangkan untuk nilai ttabel sebesar 1,674 yang berarti thitung> ttabel yaitu 3, 265 > 1,674. Dari hasil analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan aplikasi GeoGebra berpengaruh positif terhadap kemempuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 mambi.
THE POTENTIAL OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINE ENTERPRISE: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING RESEARCH IN IT FORMING
Authors: Grymak A. V. 
Published: December 2022

A statistical analysis of the activities of veterinary medicine enterprises shows that over the last decade, the scientific content of their products, in particular veterinary drugs and feed additives, has increased significantly. At the same time, the experience of the leading enterprises of veterinary medicine, namely Ukrzoovetprompostach PJSC, Brovapharma LLC, Ukrvetprompostach LLC, Biopharm PJSC, Product LLC, Inter-Syntez LLC, confirms that in this the productive role belongs to marketing, as an effective economic tool of systematic market analysis and development of relevant proposals. The role of marketing in the development, organization of production and sale of veterinary medicine products with objective consideration of the processes taking place on the product market is recognized and economically justified.
The main functions of marketing include: study of demand for products, organization of advertising, development of ways of guaranteed sale of products, formation of its assortment, comparison with respect to the characteristics of products of competing enterprises. The basis of marketing research on the veterinary medicine market is the collection, analysis, and generalization of market information, including and consumer requests. The experience of the mentioned enterprises shows that properly organized marketing research of the product market contributes to the rational development of enterprise management systems, ensuring the proper quality of products and their competitiveness, as well as the effective distribution of costs at all stages of the production cycle.
The effectiveness of marketing research is based on the features of marketing information regarding the detailed study of the technical and economic characteristics of the products that are put into market circulation, taking into account the potential opportunities of the companies producing the products and all the factors that are present in the market conditions.
It is important, at this stage of the development of market relations, to continue research on the study of positive experience regarding the significance of marketing research on the market of veterinary medicine products in the formation of the potential of enterprises.
SENSITIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM PATHOLOGICAL MATERIAL TO ANTIMICROBIAL PREPARATION
Authors: Kushnir I. M. , Kolodiy G. V. , Murska S. D. , Semen I. S. , Berbeka U. Z. , Avdosieva I. K. 
Published: December 2022

Excessive and uncontrolled use of antibiotics commonly results in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, the main aim of these studies was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from the pathological material.
The article describes the susceptibility of isolated strains to the following antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, ofloxacin, streptomycin, cefazolin, gentamicin, amikacin, amoxiclav, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, lincomycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, vancomycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tylosin, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin B.
During the study of six Escherichia coli and three Salmonella enteritidis strains, it was ascertained that they demonstrated different susceptibility to the studied antibiotics, in particular, only two E. coli isolates, which is 33,3 %, were resistant to streptomycin, 50 % of the isolated strains were susceptible.
When determining the susceptibility, it was established that all isolated E. coli isolates were resistant to cefazolin, vancomycin, oxacillin, and 83,3 % were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, amoxiclav, rifampicin.
33,3 % of Salmonella enteritidis isolates were moderately susceptible to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin, and 66,7 % were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin.
All isolated S. enteritidis strains were found to be resistant to cefazolin, tylosin, vancomycin, oxacillin, lincomycin, and erythromycin, 100 % susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and ofloxacin and 68,7 % moderately susceptible to amoxicillin and gentamicin.