bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesiothermic Reduction of Natural Quartz
Authors: Rasouli Azam , Herstad Karl Edvin , Safarian Jafar , Tranell Gabriella 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the current work, the metallothermic reduction of natural quartz by magnesium has been studied at 1373 K under different reaction conditions, i.e. quartz type, quartz particle size, Mg:SiO2 mole ratio and reaction time. The microstructure of reaction products was studied to illustrate the reaction progression through scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis with Rietveld phase quantification was used to calculate the change in the amount of phases at different reaction conditions. The results showed that the Mg:SiO2 mole ratio strongly affects reaction mechanism and product characteristics such as phase content and microstructure. At lower Mg:SiO2 mole ratios, the reaction rate is fast at the beginning and the formation of a product layer consisting of different phases such as MgO, Si, Mg2Si, Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3 around quartz particles limits the Mg diffusion. This phenomenon is more noticeable for larger quartz particle sizes where Mg should diffuse longer distance towards the quartz core to react with it. At higher Mg:SiO2 mole ratios, a significant amount of Si–Mg liquid alloy is formed during reaction where the high mobility of Mg in this liquid phase and cracking of quartz particles result in significantly higher reaction rate. Here the formation of intermediate phases is not significant and the products would be the mixture of MgO, Mg2Si, and either Si or Mg phases.
Robotic Surgery in Rectal Cancer: Potential, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Liu Ge , Zhang Shoujia , Zhang Yan , Fu Xiaoqing , Liu Xinlu 
Published: April 2022

Opinion statementThe current standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer is based on a multimodal comprehensive treatment combined with preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation and complete surgical resection of the entire mesorectal cancer. For ultra-low cases and cases with lateral lymph node metastasis, due to limitations in laparoscopic technology, the difficulties of operation and incidence of intraoperative complications are always difficult to overcome. Robotic surgery for the treatment of rectal cancer is an emerging technique that can overcome some of the technical drawbacks posed by conventional laparoscopic approaches, improving the scope and effect of radical operations. However, evidence from the literature regarding its oncological safety and clinical outcomes is still lacking. This brief review summarized the current status of robotic technology in rectal cancer therapy from the perspective of several mainstream surgical methods, including robotic total mesorectal excision (TME), robotic transanal TME, robotic lateral lymph node dissection, and artificial intelligence, focusing on the developmental direction of robotic approach in the field of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer in the future.
Start of a New Era: Management of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in 2022
Authors: Maughan Benjamin L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Historically, kidney cancer was diagnosed as either clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) or non-clear cell renal carcinoma (nccRCC). With further research into the pathophysiology of nccRCC, multiple distinct subtypes have emerged creating distinct diagnosis, such as papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (crRCC), or unclassified carcinoma (cRCC). Many other kidney cancer subtypes are now included in the WHO classification system.

Recent Findings
The prognosis for each of the more frequently diagnosed types is discussed here along with treatment recommendations. The available clinical trial results and salient retrospective studies of each subtype are reviewed here to guide clinicians on the optimal treatment selection for patients with these rare histologic types or RCC.

Summary
Many nccRCC types are now recognized and each has unique molecular drivers which are different than ccRCC. The optimal treatment strategy is different for each subtype. The prognosis also differs based on the histology.
Kerosene Supply Effect on Performance of Aluminum Nitride Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Kim Daenyoung , Kim Yoo-Seok , Song Ki Young , Ahn Sung Hoon , Chu Chong Nam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs interest in aluminum nitride (AlN), a high-performance ceramic, has been rapidly increasing, many researchers studied the possibilities of machining it. Since AlN is classified as a difficult-to-cut material, the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process using an assisting electrode is emerging as an effective machining method. Kerosene, as a dielectric fluid, plays an important role in forming a successive conductive carbon layer on the surface of the workpiece to induce and maintain discharge. Most previous methods used tubular electrodes to stably feed the dielectric fluids through their center hole. However, in the case of micro-EDM, the extremely small electrode diameter makes it difficult to fabricate a through-hole in the electrode, and a very narrow gap prevents the flow of dielectric fluid. In order to overcome dielectric fluid flow problems in micro-EDM, in this study, two kinds of flow-promoting methods are introduced: one is to use a D-shaped solid electrode to obtain a wider asymmetric flow channel, and the other is to use an O-shaped solid electrode with graphite-powder-mixed kerosene (GPMK) under a relatively wider discharge gap. Flow simulation results show that both methods promote kerosene flow, and the experimental results show similar results as well. When using the D-shaped section, the material removal rate increased, but increased tool wear was observed. In the case of GPMK, the metal removal rate increased 64%, and relative wear ratio decreased 73% compared to conventional methods. Through voltage scheduling, the problem of precision degradation that occurs during deep-hole drilling with the O-shaped solid electrode GPMK configuration was solved without sacrificing machinability.
Heteronormative Assumptions and Expectations of Sexual Violence: Language and Inclusivity Within Sexual Violence Policy in Australian Universities
Authors: Gretgrix Emma , Farmer Clare 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSexual violence is often positioned as a heterosexual experience, perpetrated by men against women. Research from the USA has revealed university sexual violence policies are typically heteronormatively framed and ignore the sexual victimisation of men and sexuality and gender diverse people (DeLong et al. in Journal of Interpersonal Violence33:3315–3343, 2018; Enke in Journal of College Student Development59:479–485, 2016; Worthen & Wallace in Family Relations66:180–196, 2017). In Australia, there has been little examination of university sexual violence policies in terms of inclusivity and language used in relation to gender, sexuality or the framing of sexual violence. Positioned within a feminist perspective, which seeks to promote equitable consideration of all sexual and gender identities, the current study starts to fill this gap.MethodsA summative content analysis of 17 sexual violence policies, collected in December 2020 from ten Australian universities, identified and explored the extent of assumptive concepts in language related to gender, sexuality and inclusivity.ResultsThis preliminary study found that sexual violence policies within Australian universities typically reject traditional gendered narratives of sexual violence and use gender-neutral language that is inclusive of all genders and sexualities.ConclusionsThis finding provides the foundation for further research which expands the sample and examines the actual experiences of sexuality and gender diverse victim-survivors when navigating university sexual violence policies.Policy ImplicationsUniversity policymakers may draw from this sample of policies when developing or revising their sexual violence policies.
Optimization of the color masking and coating unit operations for microencapsulating ferrous fumarate for double fortification of salt
Authors: Modupe Oluwasegun , Li Yao Olive , Diosady Levente L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new coating formulation was developed to eliminate the factor that caused black spots on the iron premix surface, used for making Double Fortified Salt. The formulation is a suspension of titanium dioxide in soy stearin, prepared with ethanol and dichloromethane and applied with a glass sprayer and pan coater. 0–20%w/wtitanium dioxide was suspended in 10%w/wsoy stearin/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Coating with a suspension of 15%w/wTiO2in 10%w/wsoy stearin ensured that all the TiO2adheres to the premix surface, giving no chance for the recycling of iron contaminated TiO2, which caused the black spot. The new coating formulation ensured that over 90% iodine in Double Fortified Salt was retained after 6 months at 45 °C, 60–70% RH. The whiteness of the premix (L* = 86.4) matched the Double Fortified Salt whiteness (L* = 86.8). Thus, making the new coating method as effective as the previous in desirable characteristics. More so, the new coating method simplifies the existing method by merging the previous color masking, and double coating steps into one step.
Connecting past and present: single-cell lineage tracing
Authors: Chen Cheng , Liao Yuanxin , Peng Guangdun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCentral to the core principle of cell theory, depicting cells’ history, state and fate is a fundamental goal in modern biology. By leveraging clonal analysis and single-cell RNA-seq technologies, single-cell lineage tracing provides new opportunities to interrogate both cell states and lineage histories. During the past few years, many strategies to achieve lineage tracing at single-cell resolution have been developed, and three of them (integration barcodes, polylox barcodes, and CRISPR barcodes) are noteworthy as they are amenable in experimentally tractable systems. Although the above strategies have been demonstrated in animal development and stem cell research, much care and effort are still required to implement these methods. Here we review the development of single-cell lineage tracing, major characteristics of the cell barcoding strategies, applications, as well as technical considerations and limitations, providing a guide to choose or improve the single-cell barcoding lineage tracing.
Ultralight Magnetic and Dielectric Aerogels Achieved by Metal–Organic Framework Initiated Gelation of Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: Huang Xiaogu , Wei Jiawen , Zhang Yunke , Qian BinBin , Jia Qi , Liu Jun , Zhao Xiaojia , Shao Gaofeng 
Published: April 2022

Highlights

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are used to directly initiate the gelation of graphene oxide (GO), producing MOF/rGO aerogels.

The ultralight magnetic and dielectric aerogels show remarkable microwave absorption performance with ultralow filling contents.

Abstract
The development of a convenient methodology for synthesizing the hierarchically porous aerogels comprising metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene oxide (GO) building blocks that exhibit an ultralow density and uniformly distributed MOFs on GO sheets is important for various applications. Herein, we report a facile route for synthesizing MOF/reduced GO (rGO) aerogels based on the gelation of GO, which is directly initiated using MOF crystals. Free metal ions exposed on the surface of MIL-88A nanorods act as linkers that bind GO nanosheets to a three-dimensional porous network via metal–oxygen covalent or electrostatic interactions. The MOF/rGO-derived magnetic and dielectric aerogels Fe3O4@C/rGO and Ni-doped Fe3O4@C/rGO show notable microwave absorption (MA) performance, simultaneously achieving strong absorption and broad bandwidth at low thickness of 2.5 (− 58.1 dB and 6.48 GHz) and 2.8 mm (− 46.2 dB and 7.92 GHz) with ultralow filling contents of 0.7 and 0.6 wt%, respectively. The microwave attenuation ability of the prepared aerogels is further confirmed via a radar cross-sectional simulation, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of their hierarchically porous structures and heterointerface engineering. This work provides an effective pathway for fabricating hierarchically porous MOF/rGO hybrid aerogels and offers magnetic and dielectric aerogels for ultralight MA.
Culturally Relevant Parenting Approaches Among African American and Latinx Children and Families: Toward Resilient, Strengths-Based, Trauma-Informed Practices
Authors: Smith Emilie Phillips , Yzaguirre Melissa Marie , Dwanyen Lekie , Wieling Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChildren and families of color in the United States (U.S.) have long had to battle to develop a positive identity in the face of discrimination based upon race, ethnicity, immigration status, and gender. Historically, racial-ethnic minorities have experienced various types of trauma exposures in the U.S., including enslavement, family separation, deportation, colonization, discrimination, ridicule, and stereotyping that permeate U.S. society. Yet, they still have managed within their families to advance some sense of shared within-group identities, values, beliefs, and practices that have fostered child and family development. This paper focuses on the experiences of African American and Latinx families who, though distinct in historical and cultural experiences, have some similarities in social disparities that should inform parenting programs. Prevention and intervention that seeks to engage families of color should be sensitive to centuries of racism and structural inequalities that have contributed to their unique socio-cultural contexts (Bernal et al., 2009; Spencer et al., 1997).We first explore the historical context of racial-ethnic trauma among children of color in the U.S. Second, we build upon the work in traumatic stress as a rationale for examining culturally relevant and responsive adaptations that address linguistics, worldviews, and contexts, describing the ways in which these concepts are evidenced in programming and effects upon family processes, and youth socio-emotional development. We discuss the implications for multi-group intervention, homogenous and heterogeneous group composition, underscoring the value of critical frameworks attuned to psychological trauma that draw upon a strengths-based perspective of culture for African American and Latinx children and families.
Advances, challenges, and perspectives for CCUS source-sink matching models under carbon neutrality target
Authors: Zhang Xian , Li Kai , Wei Ning , Li Zheng , Fan Jing-Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the widespread popularity of carbon neutrality, the decarbonization approach using carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has grown from a low-carbon utilization technology to an indispensable technology for the entire global carbon-neutral technology system. As a primary method to support CCUS research, source-sink matching models face several new demand-oriented challenges. Comprehensive research and in-depth insights are needed to guide targeted capability upgrades. This review evaluates the advances, challenges, and perspectives of various CCUS source-sink matching models developed in the past 10 years. We provide an integrated conceptual framework from six key attributes relating to mitigation targets, carbon sources, carbon sinks, transportation networks, utilization, and integration (synergy). The results indicate that previous models have effectively deepened our understanding of the matching process by targeting various CCUS-related issues and provided a solid foundation for more robust models to be developed. Six perspectives are put forward to outline research and development prospects for future models, which may have meaningful effects for advancement under emerging carbon neutrality targets.
Technological innovations on direct carbon mitigation by ordered energy conversion and full resource utilization
Authors: Guo Liejin , Ou Zhisong , Liu Ya , Ge Zhiwei , Jin Hui , Ou Guobiao , Song Mengmeng , Jiao Zihao , Jing Wenhao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO2 emissions annually, which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable future. To remove the huge amount of CO2, a practically feasible way of direct carbon mitigation, instead of capturing that from dilute tail gases, should be developed; as intended, we developed two innovative supporting technologies, of which the status, strengths, applications, and perspective are discussed in this paper. One is supercritical water gasification-based coal/biomass utilization technology, which orderly converts chemical energy of coal and low-grade heat into hydrogen energy, and can achieve poly-generation of steam, heat, hydrogen, power, pure CO2, and minerals. The other one is the renewables-powered CO2 reduction techniques, which uses CO2 as the resource for carbon-based fuel production. When combining the above two technical loops, one can achieve a full resource utilization and zero CO2 emission, making it a practically feasible way for China and global countries to achieve carbon neutrality while creating substantial domestic benefits of economic growth, competitiveness, well-beings, and new industries.
Facilitating full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement for carbon neutrality vision
Authors: XU Huaqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Paris Agreement, a landmark in the multilateral process of global climate governance, not only demonstrates the greatest inclusiveness and feasibility based on science and principles, but also points out the general direction of the global green and low-carbon transition. The Agreement has set a global goal to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. To achieve this long-term objective, developed countries should take the lead in reducing emissions as soon as possible, which is fundamental to the achievement of net-zero global emissions at an early date. China’s goal of striving to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 shows its great ambition, strength, and responsibility as a major country, indicating that China is committed to realizing carbon neutrality from carbon peaking in the shortest time in global history, and will make greater efforts and contributions to achieve the goals set out in the Paris Agreement.
Excavating the Archive / Archiving the Excavation: Archival Processes and Contexts in Archaeology
Authors: Ward Chloë 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the production of archaeological knowledge within the fieldwork archive. Archaeological archives do not always reflect the reality of evidence uncovered during fieldwork processes or even the fieldwork processes themselves. This includes the many different agents and agencies, which are crucial to the construction of archaeological knowledge and their representation—or lack of representation—in the archive. Archaeological archives impose restrictions on how knowledge is included in a collection, the way it is recorded, and the fieldwork processes used. Therefore, this article considers the way in which the processes of archival documentation produce, transform, and construct archaeological knowledge. The main examples are from the British School of Archaeology in Egypt's excavations at Abydos between 1921 and 1922, often referred to as the Tombs of the Courtiers and directed by Flinders Petrie. Looking at the different contexts of an excavation archive, from before its creation to its ongoing curation and use, can reveal significant aspects not just of the history of archaeology but also on many of the ongoing recording methods and processes still used in the field today.
COVIDNearTerm: A simple method to forecast COVID-19 hospitalizations
Authors: Olshen Adam B. , Garcia Ariadna , Kapphahn Kristopher I. , Weng Yingjie , Vargo Jason , Pugliese John A. , Crow David , Wesson Paul D. , Rutherford George W. , Gonen Mithat , Desai Manisha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
COVID-19 has caused tremendous death and suffering since it first emerged in 2019. Soon after its emergence, models were developed to help predict the course of various disease metrics, and these models have been relied upon to help guide public health policy.

Methods:
Here we present a method called COVIDNearTerm to “forecast” hospitalizations in the short term, two to four weeks from the time of prediction. COVIDNearTerm is based on an autoregressive model and utilizes a parametric bootstrap approach to make predictions. It is easy to use as it requires only previous hospitalization data, and there is an open-source R package that implements the algorithm. We evaluated COVIDNearTerm on San Francisco Bay Area hospitalizations and compared it to models from the California COVID Assessment Tool (CalCAT).

Results:
We found that COVIDNearTerm predictions were more accurate than the CalCAT ensemble predictions for all comparisons and any CalCAT component for a majority of comparisons. For instance, at the county level our 14-day hospitalization median absolute percentage errors ranged from 16 to 36%. For those same comparisons, the CalCAT ensemble errors were between 30 and 59%.

Conclusion:
COVIDNearTerm is a simple and useful tool for predicting near-term COVID-19 hospitalizations.
A greedy data collection scheme for linear dynamical systems
Authors: Cherifi Karim , Goyal Pawan , Benner Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mathematical models are essential to analyze and understand the dynamics of complex systems. Recently, data-driven methodologies have gotten a lot of attention which is leveraged by advancements in sensor technology. However, the quality of obtained data plays a vital role in learning a good and reliable model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient heuristic methodology to collect data both in the frequency domain and the time domain, aiming at having more information gained from limited experimental data than equidistant points. In the frequency domain, the interpolation points are restricted to the imaginary axis as the transfer function can be estimated easily on the imaginary axis. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is illustrated by means of several examples, and its robustness in the presence of noisy data is shown.
Reducing ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection with intraoperative glove removal
Authors: Walek Konrad W. , Rajski Michal , Sastry Rahul A. , Mermel Leonard A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Contamination of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) by cutaneous flora, particularly coagulase-negative staphylococci, is a common cause of shunt infection and failure, leading to prolonged hospital stay, higher costs of care, and poor outcomes. Glove contamination may occur during VPS insertion, increasing risk of such infections.Methods:We performed a systematic search of the PubMed database for studies published January 1, 1970, through August 31, 2021 that documented VPS infection rates before and after implementing a practice of double gloving with change or removal of the outer glove immediately prior to shunt insertion.Results:Among 272 reports screened, 4 were eligible for review based on our inclusion criteria. The incidence of VPS infection was reduced in all 4 quasi-experimental studies with an aggregate incidence of VPS infection of 11.8% before the change in intraoperative protocol and 4.9% after protocol change. One study documented reduced hospital stay with this change in protocol.Conclusion:The risk of VPS infection is reduced by removal or replacement of the outer surgical gloves immediately prior to intraoperative insertion of a VPS as part of an infection control bundle.