Isolasi dan Identifikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada Berbagai Varietas dan Umur Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.) di Kecamatan Timang Gajah Kabupaten Bener Meriah
Authors: Syahputra Riko , Fikrinda Fikrinda , Hifnalisa Hifnalisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak: Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) merupakan tipe asosiasi mikoriza yang tersebar sangat luas, fungi ini yang memiliki peran dan manfaat yang penting dalam dunia pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman FMA, jumlah spesies spora FMA, dan kolonisasi FMA pada rizosfer berbagai varietas dan umur tanaman kopi arabika di Kecamatan Timang Gajah, Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Penilitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Desa Lampahan Barat dan Desa Mude Benara, Kecamatan Timang Gajah, Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Masing-masing varietas dan umur diambil sebanyak 3 titik, sehingga didapatkan sebanyak 24 sampel. Sampel tanah tersebut digunakan untuk mengisolasi jenis FMA yang terdapat di lahan tersebut. Analisis beberapa sifat kimia dan fisika juga dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data pendukung seperti, pH H2O, C-Organik, N-Total, P-Tersedia, KTK, dan Tekstur. Analisis beberapa sifat kimia dan fisika tanah dilakukan terhadap sampel tanah komposit dari setiap titik sampel, untuk setiap varietas dan umur kopi arabika. Parameter pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi: Kepadatan spora FMA, identifikasi jenis spora FMA, dan kolonisasi FMA. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan terdapat tiga genus FMA yang didapat pada rizosfer beberapa varietas dan umur kopi arabika di Kecamatan Timang Gajah yaitu Glomus, Acaulospora dan, Gigaspora.Terdapat Genus Glomus sebanyak dua spesies, sedangkan genus Acaulospora dan genus Gigaspora sebanyak empat spesies. Kepadatan spora FMA terbanyak ditemukan pada tanaman kopi arabika varietas Tim-Tim berumur lima tahun. Kolonisasi FMA pada akar kopi arabika pada beberapa varietas tergolong kriteria sangat rendah hingga rendah. Isolation and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Various Varieties and Ages of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah RegencyAbstract. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a very widespread type of mycorrhizal association, these fungi which have important roles and benefits in agriculture. The research aimed to determine the diversity of AMF, the number of AMF spore species, and AMF colonization in the rhizosphere of various varieties and ages of Arabica coffee plants in Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency. The research was carried out in coffee plantations in West Lampahan and Mude Benara Village, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency. 3 points were taken for each variety and age, so that 24 samples were obtained. The AMF was isolated by using soil samples which found in the land. The chemical and physical analysis properties was also carried out to obtain supporting data such as pH, H2O, C-Organic, N-Total, P-Available, CEC, and Texture. Analysis of several chemical and physical properties of soil was carried out on composite soil samples from each sample point, for each variety and age of Arabica coffee. Observation parameters carried out included: AMF spore density, identification of AMF spore types, and AMF colonization. The results showed that there were three AMF genera obtained in the rhizosphere of several varieties and ages of Arabica coffee in the District of Timang Gajah, namely Glomus, Acaulospora, and, Gigaspora. There are two species of genus Glomus, while four species of genus Acaulospora and Gigaspora. The highest density of AMF spores was found in the five-year-old Tim-Tim arabica coffee plant. AMF colonization in arabica coffee roots in several varieties was classified as very low to low criteria.