bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential mixotrophic relations of copepods and dinoflagellates and their associations with spectral properties of the water bodies in Antofagasta Bay (23°S, Chile), investigated with the aid of remote sensing
Authors: De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio , Contreras Angel , Lara Gladys , Latsague Mirtha , Esse Carlos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Antofagasta Bay is characterized by having a high primary productivity due to the presence of the cold Humboldt Stream. However, due to the current global climate change, also the previously generated biodiversity patterns are changing. The aim of the present study was analysing Antofagasta Bay in order to determine the existence of correlations between optical, i.e., spectral, properties recorded through remote sensing on the one hand, and the presence of dinoflagellates and zooplankton, on the other. The studies were done during two periods, i.e., in February 2019 and February 2020. The results revealed the existence of three main groups of sites: a first group comprising sites sampled in February 2019, with high Band 3 and Band 4 reflectance, high chlorophyl values, and high abundances of Dinophysis and copepods; a second group combining four sites visited in February 2019, with high Gymnodinium and Ceratium, high reflectance in Band 1, Band 2, Band 5, Band 6 and Band 7, and low zooplankton abundance; and finally a third group encompassing all sites sampled in 2020, with high Prorocentrum abundance, and low zooplankton abundance, as well as low reflectance. A similar situation with regard to zooplankton and optical properties was earlier reported for Chilean Patagonian lakes.
‘Defense through Tears’: Jewish Diplomacy and Contentious Politics in the Memorandum of the Jewish Delegates of Tuscany (July 23, 1799)
Authors: Mano Davide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study examines the Memorandum written by the Jewish delegates of Tuscany on July 23, 1799, in the aftermath of the starkly violent anti-Jewish incidents that marked the Tuscan counter-revolution. The analysis is focused on Jewish defense against discursive and physical manifestations of anti-Judaism, and proposes to consider Jewish diplomacy as an essential component of European contentious politics.
Identity, Inquisition, and Censorship in the editio princeps of Theodoret of Cyrus’s Anti-Heretical Works (1545–1547)
Authors: Kennerley Sam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article reconstructs the troubled history behind the editio princeps of Theodoret of Cyrus’s anti-heretical works, which was printed at Rome in 1547. It is split into three parts, each of which corresponds to a key word in its title. The first part of this article identifies the manuscript of Theodoret used for this edition, its scribe, exemplar, and the timeline, circumstances, and methods of its creation. It then explores the uproar that the initial printing of this edition created among the Greek community of Rome, using this incident to examine the prosecution of Greeks by the inquisitions in Italy. The final part of this article analyses how different members of the Catholic hierarchy sought either to save or to suppress the edition of Theodoret, uncovering the documents and assumptions that ultimately ensured its survival. A conclusion summarises the main findings of this article, while highlighting paths for future research.
Outcomes in Pediatric Thyroidectomy: Results From a Multinational, Multi‐institutional Database
Authors: Maksimoski Matthew , Bauer Andrew J. , Kazahaya Ken , Manning Scott C. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Simons Jeffrey P. , D’Souza Jill , Maddalozzo John , Purkey Matthew R. , Rychlik Karen , Ho Brian , Rutter Michael J. , Jiang Wen , Prager Jeremy D. , Diercks Gillian , Propst Evan J. , Miyamoto R. Christopher , Stack Brendan C. , Randolph Gregory W. , Rastatter Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTraditionally, data regarding thyroidectomy were extracted from billing databases, but information may be missed. In this study, a multi‐institutional pediatric thyroidectomy database was used to evaluate recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and hypoparathyroidism.Study DesignRetrospective multi‐institutional cohort study.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital systems throughout North America.MethodsData were individually collected for thyroidectomies, then entered into a centralized database and analyzed using univariate and multivariable regression models.ResultsIn total, 1025 thyroidectomies from 10 institutions were included. Average age was 13.9 years, and 77.8% were female. Average hospital stay was 1.9 nights and 13.5% of patients spent at least 1 night in the pediatric intensive care unit. The most frequent pathology was papillary thyroid carcinoma (42%), followed by Graves’ disease (20.1%) and follicular adenoma (18.2%). Overall, 1.1% of patients experienced RLN injury (0.8% permanent), and 7.2% experienced hypoparathyroidism (3.3% permanent). Lower institutional volume (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% CI, 1.72‐7.14) and concurrent hypoparathyroidism (OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.64‐7.53) correlated with RLN injury on multivariable analysis. Graves’ disease (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.35‐3.80), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 2.39‐9.09), central neck dissection (OR, 3.60; 95% CI, 2.36‐5.49), and total vs partial thyroidectomy (OR, 7.14; 95% CI, 4.55‐11.11) correlated with hypoparathyroidism.ConclusionThese data present thyroidectomy information and complications pertinent to surgeons, along with preoperative risk factor assessment. Multivariable analysis showed institutional volume and hypoparathyroidism associated with RLN injury, while hypoparathyroidism associated with surgical indication, central neck dissection, and extent of surgery. Low complication rates support the safety of thyroidectomy in pediatric tertiary care centers.
Resident Burnout and Well‐being in Otolaryngology and Other Surgical Specialties: Strategies for Change
Authors: Shah Hemali P. , Salehi Parsa P. , Ihnat Jacqueline , Kim David D. , Salehi Pauniz , Judson Benjamin L. , Azizzadeh Babak , Lee Yan Ho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a literature review on burnout prevalence, factors that affect burnout and well‐being, and solutions to address burnout in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OTO‐HNS) residents and residents in other surgical specialties.Data SourcesOvid Medline, Embase, and article reference lists.Review MethodsA literature search was performed to identify articles on resident burnout, distress, wellness, well‐being, and quality of life. Articles deemed outside the scope of the current work were excluded. Search was limited to the past 5 years.ConclusionsModerate to high burnout has been reported in 35% to 86% of OTO‐HNS residents. Among other surgical specialties, resident burnout ranges between 58% and 66% in plastics, 11% and 67% in neurosurgery, 38% and 68% in urology, and 31% and 56% in orthopedics. Highest burnout rates were seen in postgraduate year 2 residents. Factors significantly associated with burnout included hours worked (>80 h/wk), level of autonomy, exercise, and program support. Reported resident work hours have steadily increased: 8% of OTO‐HNS residents in 2005 vs 26% in 2019 reported averaging >80 h/wk. Practical implications of resident burnout include decreased empathy, moral distress and injury, poor health, decreased quality of life, increased attrition, decreased desire to pursue fellowship, and increased likelihood of medical errors. Structured mentorship programs, wellness initiatives, and increased ancillary support have been associated with lower burnout rates and improvements in resident well‐being across specialties.Implications for PracticeAddressing burnout, which is prevalent in OTO‐HNS residents, is critical to improving patient care and physician well‐being. Surgical specialties can share strategies to effectively address resident burnout through institutional interventions, which can be essential quality improvement initiatives, to promote well‐being.
Reinforcing managerial prerogative in the Australian Public Service during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Roles Cameron , Ananth Sukanya , O’Donnell Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver several decades Liberal-National Governments have encouraged Australian Public Service (APS) employers to uphold managerial prerogative by offering individual employment arrangements to employees. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Morrison Liberal-National Government’s Workplace Bargaining Policy reinforced this agenda. In place of collective bargaining, APS agency heads were encouraged to determine pay rises and new employment conditions for employees using Section 24 of the Public Service Act (PS Act) 1999. Workplace determinations did not need to be negotiated with public sector unions and some 85,500 employees across 57 APS agencies, or approximately 63% of the APS workforce, had accepted pay increases via workplace determinations by 31 December 2020. The widespread adoption of workplace determinations in the APS poses significant challenges for public sector unions and for the future of APS collective bargaining.
Acromial Morphology Does Not Correlate with Age at Time of Rotator Cuff Tear: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Scanaliato John P , Dunn John C , Polmear Michael M , Czajkowski Hunter , Green Clare K , Tomaino Matthew M , Parnes Nata 
Published: February 2022

Background The purpose of this study was to determine if scapular anatomy differs between younger and older patients with atraumatic full-thickness supraspinatus tears. Methods The critical shoulder angle, acromial index and lateral acromial angle were measured on standardized radiographs of two groups of patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of full-thickness degenerative supraspinatus tears. Group 1 included 61 patients under the age of 50 years while Group 2 included 45 patients over the age of 70 years. The mean critical shoulder angle, acromial index, and lateral acromial angle were then compared. Results There was no significant difference between groups for the critical shoulder angle (p = .433), acromial index (p = .881) or lateral acromial angle (p = .263). Interobserver reliability for critical shoulder angle, acromial index, and lateral acromial angle was nearly perfect (interclass correlation coefficient 0.996, 0.996, 0.998, respectively). No significant correlation existed between age and critical shoulder angle (p = .309), acromial index (p = .484) or lateral acromial angle (p = .685). Discussion While the critical shoulder angle and acromial index were found to be high and in the typical range for patients with rotator cuff tears in both groups, there were no significant differences in acromial morphology between Groups 1 and 2.
Tuberculosis-related serpiginous choroiditis: aggressive therapy with dual concomitant combination of multiple anti-tubercular and multiple immunosuppressive agents is needed to halt the progression of the disease
Authors: Papasavvas Ioannis , Jeannin Bruno , Herbort Carl P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background/purpose
Serpiginous-like choroiditis is a rare immune-mediated sub-entity of tubercular uveitis with a usually deleterious outcome. Treatment is still controversial. The purpose in this case series is to indicate that only aggressive treatment comprising multiple anti-tubercular and multiple immunosuppressive agents seems to be able to halt the disease progression.

Methods
This retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRA) -positive serpiginous choroiditis, seen at the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland, treated with combined multiple antitubercular and immunosuppressive agents at presentation and having a sufficient follow-up. Disease history before referral, appraisal of disease, treatment modalities and follow-up were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were positive IGRA patients with serpiginous choroiditis with complete Spectral-Domain Optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and angiography images.

Results
From 2001 to 2020, 24 of 1525 new patients (0.26%) were diagnosed as serpiginous choroiditis. 10/24 were related to tuberculosis (positive IGRA and/or hyper-positive Mantoux test), 8/24 were IGRA negative and in 6 there was no information available. 4/10 tuberculosis related serpiginous patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 39 ± 5.3 years. Snellen best corrected vision acuity (BCVA) at presentation in 3/4 where the macula was preserved was 0.96 ± 0.08. In 3/4 patients, treatment with multiple tuberculostatic therapy combined with multiple immunosuppressive agents, started at presentation or in the initial months after the first consultation, was shown to stop the progression of the disease, with a retained visual acuity of 1.0. One patient with macular involvement and a bilateral visual acuity of hand movements after 11 years of insufficient treatment, improved his visual acuity to 0.25 OD and 0.05 OS and presented a substantial visual field improvement that stabilized once multiple anti-tubercular and immunosuppressive therapy was introduced.

Conclusion
IGRA-positive serpiginous choroiditis (serpiginous-like choroiditis) could be halted by combined multiple tuberculostatic and multiple immunosuppressive agents, as seen in our study where 3/4 early treated patients had conserved central function and one late treated patient had recovered a substantial amount of visual field. In all 4 patients this treatment regimen halted the progression of the disease.
People with diabetes and ambulance staff perceptions of a booklet-based intervention for diabetic hypoglycaemia, “Hypos can strike twice”: a mixed methods process evaluation
Authors: Laparidou Despina , Botan Vanessa , Law Graham R. , Rowan Elise , Smith Murray D. , Brewster Amanda , Spaight Robert , Mountain Pauline , Dunmore Sally , James June , Roberts Leon , Khunti Kamlesh , Siriwardena A. Niroshan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypoglycaemia is a potentially serious condition, characterised by lower-than-normal blood glucose levels, common in people with diabetes (PWD). It can be prevented and self-managed if expert support, such as education on lifestyle and treatment, is provided. Our aim was to conduct a process evaluation to investigate how ambulance staff and PWD perceived the “Hypos can strike twice” booklet-based ambulance clinician intervention, including acceptability, understandability, usefulness, positive or negative effects, and facilitators or barriers to implementation.

Methods
We used an explanatory sequential design with a self-administered questionnaire study followed by interviews of people with diabetes and ambulance staff. We followed the Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations of complex interventions to guide data collection and analysis. Following descriptive analysis (PWD and staff surveys), exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify staff questionnaire subscales and multiple regression models were fitted to identify demographic predictors of overall and subscale scores.

Results
113 ambulance staff members and 46 PWD completed the survey. We conducted interviews with four ambulance staff members and five PWD who had been attended by an ambulance for a hypoglycaemic event. Based on surveys and interviews, there were positive attitudes to the intervention from both ambulance staff and PWD. Although the intervention was not always implemented, most staff members and PWD found the booklet informative, easy to read and to use or explain. PWD who completed the survey reported that receiving the booklet reminded and/or encouraged them to test their blood glucose more often, adjust their diet, and have a discussion/check up with their diabetes consultant. Interviewed PWD felt that the booklet intervention would be more valuable to less experienced patients or those who cannot manage their diabetes well. Overall, participants felt that the intervention could be beneficial, but were uncertain about whether it might help prevent a second hypoglycaemic event and/or reduce the number of repeat ambulance attendances.

Conclusions
The ‘Hypos may strike twice’ intervention, which had demonstrable reductions in repeat attendances, was found to be feasible, acceptable to PWD and staff, prompting reported behaviour change and help-seeking from primary care.

Trial registration
Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04243200 on 27 January 2020.
An outbreak of HIV infection among people who inject drugs in northeastern Massachusetts: findings and lessons learned from a medical record review
Authors: Randall Liisa M. , Dasgupta Sharoda , Day Jeanne , DeMaria Alfred , Musolino Joseph , John Betsey , Cranston Kevin , Buchacz Kate 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
We conducted a medical record review for healthcare utilization, risk factors, and clinical data among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Massachusetts to aid HIV outbreak response decision-making and strengthen public health practice.

Setting
Two large community health centers (CHCs) that provide HIV and related services in northeastern Massachusetts.

Methods
Between May and July 2018, we reviewed medical records for 88 people with HIV (PWH) connected to the outbreak. The review period included care received from May 1, 2016, through the date of review. Surveillance data were used to establish date of HIV diagnosis and assess viral suppression.

Results
Sixty-nine (78%) people had HIV infection diagnosed during the review period, including 10 acute infections. Persons had a median of 3 primary care visits after HIV diagnosis and zero before diagnosis. During the review period, 72% reported active drug or alcohol use, 62% were prescribed medication assisted treatment, and 41% were prescribed antidepressants. The majority (68, 77%) had a documented ART prescription. HIV viral suppression at < 200 copies/mL was more frequent (73%) than the overall across the State (65%); it did not correlate with any of the sociodemographic characteristics studied in our population. Over half (57%) had been hospitalized at least once during the review period, and 36% had a bacterial infection at hospitalization.

Conclusions
Medical record review with a field investigation of an outbreak provided data about patterns of health care utilization and comorbidities not available from routine HIV surveillance or case interviews. Integration of HIV screening with treatment for HIV and SUD can strengthen prevention and care services for PWID in northeastern Massachusetts.
Construction of Xinjiang metabolic syndrome risk prediction model based on interpretable models
Authors: Zhang Yan , Razbek JAINA , Li Deyang , Yang Lei , Bao Liangliang , Xia Wenjun , Mao Hongkai , Daken Mayisha , Zhang Xiaoxu , Cao Mingqin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to construct simple and practical metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk prediction models based on the data of inhabitants of Urumqi and to provide a methodological reference for the prevention and control of MetS.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. We collected data from inhabitants of Urumqi from 2018 to 2019, including demographic characteristics, anthropometric indicators, living habits and family history. Resampling technology was used to preprocess the data imbalance problems, and then MetS risk prediction models were constructed based on logistic regression (LR) and decision tree (DT). In addition, nomograms and tree diagrams of DT were used to explain and visualize the model.

Results
Of the 25,542 participants included in the study, 3,267 (12.8%) were diagnosed with MetS, and 22,275 (87.2%) were diagnosed with non-MetS. Both the LR and DT models based on the random undersampling dataset had good AUROC values (0.846 and 0.913, respectively). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC values of the DT model were higher than those of the LR model. Based on a random undersampling dataset, the LR model showed that exercises such as walking (OR=0.769) and running (OR= 0.736) were protective factors against MetS. Age 60 ~ 74 years (OR=1.388), previous diabetes (OR=8.902), previous hypertension (OR=2.830), fatty liver (OR=3.306), smoking (OR=1.541), high systolic blood pressure (OR=1.044), and high diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.072) were risk factors for MetS; the DT model had 7 depth layers and 18 leaves, with BMI as the root node of the DT being the most important factor affecting MetS, and the other variables in descending order of importance: SBP, previous diabetes, previous hypertension, DBP, fatty liver, smoking, and exercise.

Conclusions
Both DT and LR MetS risk prediction models have good prediction performance and their respective characteristics. Combining these two methods to construct an interpretable risk prediction model of MetS can provide methodological references for the prevention and control of MetS.
Prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Japan based on a claims database analysis
Authors: Kondoh Yasuhiro , Suda Takafumi , Hongo Yoshie , Yoshida Manami , Hiroi Shinzo , Iwasaki Kosuke , Takeshima Tomomi , Homma Sakae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a cryptogenic chronic interstitial pneumonia with progressive fibrosis and a poor prognosis. A substantial number of epidemiological studies have been conducted in Europe and the United States (US). In contrast, in Japan, only one study reported the prevalence of IPF (10.0 per 100,000 population) using clinical data (2003–2007) from one prefecture; thus, the nationwide prevalence of IPF remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of IPF in Japan using a nationwide claims database.

Methods
We extracted data from a Japanese claims database provided by Medical Data Vision (MDV database, April 2008–March 2019) containing data from approximately 28 million patients from 385 acute-care hospitals. Patients with IPF (those diagnosed with IPF at least once) from April 2017 to March 2018 were identified in the MDV database. The number of patients in the MDV database was extrapolated nationwide using the fourth NDB Open Data (April 2017–March 2018), and the prevalence was estimated using demographic data as denominators. The prevalence in the US, considering the same definition of IPF, was also calculated and compared with that in Japan.

Result
The number of patients with IPF in the MDV database was 4278. The estimated nationwide number of patients in Japan was estimated to be 34,040 (mean age: 73 years, percentage of men: 73%), and the prevalence was 27 per 100,000 population. In comparison with that in the US, the prevalence was similar in men and relatively lower in women until the age of 75–79 years, and it was notably lower in both sexes aged ≥ 80 years.

Conclusions
We report the nationwide IPF prevalence in Japan using data from claims databases for the first time. The prevalence estimated in this study was higher than that reported in a previous study. The difference might be due to differences in study settings and definitions of IPF. Further research should be performed to determine the prevalence more accurately and compare it with those in other countries.