bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of CYP1A2 activity: Relationship between the endogenous urinary 6‐hydroxymelatonin to melatonin ratio and paraxanthine to caffeine ratio in dried blood spots
Authors: Magliocco Gaëlle , Desmeules Jules , Samer Caroline Flora , Thomas Aurélien , Daali Youssef 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe suitability of the endogenous 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin urinary metabolic ratio as a surrogate for the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio to predict cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity was assessed in this study. Twelve healthy volunteers completed four study sessions spread over 1 month (including overnight urine collection with first morning voids collected separately). Except for the third session, volunteers were asked to abstain from methylxanthine‐containing beverages and foods at least 24 h before urine collection. At the end of urine collection, subjects were given a caffeinated beverage and capillary blood samples were collected 2 h after the drink administration. A significant linear relationship between the 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios from 12‐h urine samples and first morning voids was observed (R2 = 0.876, p < 0.0001). In contrast to the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio, consumption of methylxanthine‐containing beverages during session three did not significantly influence the 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios compared with the other sessions requiring abstinence from caffeine. A larger intra‐ and interindividual variability in the 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios compared with the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio was also observed. A very weak correlation was observed between the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio and both of the endogenous 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios (Pearson r < 0.35, p < 0.05). All these results question whether this endogenous metric could adequately reflect CYP1A2 activity or substitute for the probe caffeine. Additional studies with larger study samples are needed to examine this endogenous metric in more details.
Combining development, capacity building and responsible innovation in GCRF‐funded medical technology research
Authors: Bezuidenhout Louise , Stirling Julian , Sanga Valerian L. , Nyakyi Paul T. , Mwakajinga Grace A. , Bowman Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDevelopment‐oriented funding schemes such as the UK Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) have opened up opportunities for collaborations between low‐middle income countries (LMICs) and high‐income country (HIC) researchers. In particular, funding for medical technology research has seen a rise in previously under‐represented disciplines such as physics and engineering. These collaborations have considerable potential to advance healthcare in LMICs, yet can pose challenges experienced to researchers undertaking these collaborations. Key challenges include a lack of tradition of HIC/LMIC collaborations within participating departments, lack of experience with development agendas, designing contextually‐appropriate technologies and ensuring long‐term viability of research outputs. This paper reflects on these key challenges, using the experiences of the authors on the Open Laboratory Instrumentation (OLI) project as a focalizing lens. This project was a GCRF‐funded collaboration between physicists in the UK and engineers in Tanzania to develop an open‐source, 3D‐printed, fully‐automated laboratory microscope. The paper highlights key ethics lessons learnt.
Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene disruption in Xenopus laevis using a phenotypic image analysis technique
Authors: Tanouchi Mikio , Igawa Takeshi , Suzuki Nanoka , Suzuki Makoto , Hossain Nusrat , Ochi Haruki , Ogino Hajime 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 method has become popular for gene disruption experiments in Xenopus laevis. However, the experimental conditions that influence the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 remain unclear. To that end, we developed an image analysis technique for the semi‐quantitative evaluation of the pigment phenotype resulting from the disruption of tyrosinase genes in X. laevis using a CRISPR/Cas9 approach, and then examined the effects of varying five experimental parameters (timing of the CRISPR reagent injection into developing embryos; amount of Cas9 mRNA in the injection reagent; total injection volume per embryo; number of injection sites per embryo; and the culture temperature of the injected embryos) on the gene disruption efficiency. The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the highest possible efficiency of target gene disruption can be achieved by injecting a total of 20 nL of the CRISPR reagent containing 1500 pg of Cas9 mRNA or 4 ng of Cas9 protein into two separate locations (10 nL each) of one‐cell stage embryos cultured at 22°C. This study also highlights the importance of balancing the experimental parameters for increasing gene disruption efficiency and provides valuable insights into the optimal conditions for applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system to new experimental organisms.
The cognitive–phenomenological assessment of delusions and hallucinations at the early intervention in psychosis service stage: The results of a quality improvement project
Authors: Isaacson Maria , Hazell Cassie M. , Cape John , Hickson Emily , Islam Faaizah , Gill Amber , Simon Kathleen , Patel Ruchit , Souray Jonathan , Raune David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimClinical assessments are vital for gaining an understanding of a patients' presenting problem. A priority for Early Intervention in Psychosis Service staff is understanding and supporting their patients' experiences of hallucinations and/or delusions. We aimed to identify what cognitive–phenomenology dimensions of hallucinations and delusions EIPS staff were assessing with their patients.MethodsWe developed a brief checklist of cognitive–phenomenological dimensions of hallucinations and delusions called the Lived Experience Symptom Survey (LESS) based on relevant literature. As part of a Quality Improvement Project, we reviewed the health records of a sub‐sample of EIPS patients using the LESS identifying whether each dimension was present or absent.ResultsWe found that all patients had been asked about the content of their hallucinations and/or delusions, and the majority had been asked about the valence of this content. Despite patients having experienced psychosis for almost 2 years on average, less than half of patients were asked about the potential or actual harm associated with these symptoms. All other cognitive–phenomenological dimensions were assessed inconsistently.ConclusionsThe assessment of hallucination and delusions in our EIPS was inconsistent and incomprehensive. These findings require replication in other EIPS' but may point to a need for guidelines and training around how to conduct a thorough assessment of hallucinations and delusions for current and future EIPS staff. Improved assessment of these symptoms will aid the development of risk assessments and treatment plans.
Moving beyond supply‐side arguments to explain over‐qualification: The ability to absorb graduates in different models of capitalism
Authors: Marques Paulo , Suleman Fátima , Costa João Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines how the rise in the share of higher education graduates leads to over‐qualification, by focusing on the demand‐side drivers. We propose that the benefits of investments in higher education depend on the levels of innovation and economic growth in each national economy. We use a configurational method (Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis) to identify combinations of factors that lead to a high incidence of over‐qualification in 17 European countries. The results show that over‐qualification is greater in countries in which an increase in the number of graduates is accompanied by a failure to transition to a knowledge‐based economy and poor economic growth. Furthermore, a low weight of high‐tech manufacturing sectors in the GDP is a necessary condition for over‐qualification to occur. These arguments explain the more pronounced mismatch in Southern Europe and Austria compared to other European countries. As for policy implications, this study shows that investment in education did not lead to expected benefits in some countries because this investment did not boost competitiveness in high‐tech sectors. Thus, alternative policies must be implemented. Besides investment in education, some kind of industrial policy seems necessary in a number of European countries.
Associations between cerebrospinal fluid markers and cognition in ageing and dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Saunders Tyler S. , Gadd Danni A. , Spires‐Jones Tara L. , King Declan , Ritchie Craig , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA biomarker associated with cognition in neurodegenerative dementias would aid in the early detection of disease progression, complement clinical staging and act as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. The current systematic review evaluates the association between cerebrospinal fluid protein markers of synapse loss and neuronal injury and cognition. We performed a systematic search which revealed 67 studies reporting an association between cerebrospinal fluid markers of interest and neuropsychological performance. Despite the substantial heterogeneity between studies, we found some evidence for an association between neurofilament‐light and worse cognition in Alzheimer's diseases, frontotemporal dementia and typical cognitive ageing. Moreover, there was an association between cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin and cognition in those with an Alzheimer's‐like cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile. Some evidence was found for cerebrospinal fluid neuronal pentraxin‐2 as a correlate of cognition across dementia syndromes. Due to the substantial heterogeneity of the field, no firm conclusions can be drawn from this review. Future research should focus on improving standardization and reporting as well as establishing the importance of novel markers such as neuronal pentraxin‐2 and whether such markers can predict longitudinal cognitive decline.
Role of NIMA‐related kinase 2 in lung cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Shah Darshak , Joshi Mit , Patel Bhoomika M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe second most common cancer in both males and females is lung cancer. Chemotherapeutic resistance is the main problem associated with the treatment of lung cancer. Radiation therapy and surgery also produce recurrence in lung cancer patients; this shows the need to develop novel agents acting on new targets. A never in mitosis (NIMA)‐related kinase 2 (NEK2) is a serine/threonine kinase associated with the family of NIMA‐related kinase (NEK). NEK2 plays an important role in the regulating mitotic processes, such as centrosome duplication and separation, kinetochore attachment, spindle assembly checkpoint, and microtubule stabilization. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have confirmed the overexpression of NEK2 in various types of cancers including lung cancer. Overexpression of NEK2 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells increased cell proliferation and chromosomal instability. The overexpression of NEK2 results in the activation of its downstream proteins such as β‐catenin, MAD2, Hec1, rootletin, C‐Nap1, CDC20, Cep68, and Sgo1. Activation of the Akt, β‐catenin, and Wnt pathways could promote growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Such confirmation suggests that NEK2 is a novel target for treating many cancers including lung cancer. The current review provides an idea about functions and regulation of NEK2 and emphasizes about the role of NEK2 in lung cancer by discussing in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies pertaining to the same.
Analysis of spatiotemporal variations and effects of regional functions in rural China
Authors: Wen Qi , Shen Caiting , Xia Siyou , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution and effects of regional functions in rural China and summarizes the spatiotemporal characteristics of rural Chinese regional functions from 2005 to 2015. The results of this study are as follows. (a) The values of the regional functions of rural China generally exhibit a “V‐shaped” distribution such that these values are high in eastern and western China and low in central China, and are high in northern China and low in southern China. (b) The overall functions of rural Chinese regions vary distinctly by region across northeastern China, eastern China, central China, and western China. (c) The spatial variation of regional production function values in rural China also exhibits a gradually declining trend, with the highest values in eastern China, followed by northeastern, central, and western China. This pattern exhibits a relatively strong coupling relationship with the spatial variation principles governing China's natural environment, resource carrying capacity, and economic development level. Overall, regional ecological function values do not exhibit any significant variation, but they do exhibit a gradually declining trend, starting from western and northern China and moving to eastern and southern China. (d) The degree of spatial spillover received by a given region from a neighboring region's production, living, or ecological function is stronger than the effect of the error shock from the corresponding function of the neighboring region. The effects of influencing factors on different regions exhibit significant variation.
Fighting on the frontlines: Intersectional organizing in educators' social justice unions during COVID‐19
Authors: Maton Rhiannon M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores a growing trend in the politics of education: the intersectional frontline organizing work of educators' social justice unions on behalf of a woman‐dominated workforce and local students, families, and communities, many of whom experience racial and economic disparity. I show that educators' social justice unions have tended to coherently employ intersectional language to articulate student, family, and community need along racial and class lines during the COVID‐19 crisis, but have struggled to explicitly tie a gendered analysis of educators' working conditions to the raced and classed public school experiences of the populations they serve. In the spirit of supporting the growth of educators' social justice unions in the educational justice movement, I bring together the theoretical work of Angela Davis, David McNally and Nancy Fraser to argue that long‐term movement growth requires enhanced intentionality in naming systemic identity‐based linkages across worker and student experiences of public schooling while highlighting how “advanced neoliberalism” co‐opts identity‐based rhetoric to maximize capitalist accumulation for the few while limiting educational equity for the many. In other words, I assert that movement growth requires intentional articulation of the systemic identity‐based relations linking working with learning conditions in late‐stage capitalism.
Political contestation and the Second Great Divergence
Authors: John Richard R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay considers Piketty's characterization of U.S. economic development inCapital and Ideologyin the decades between 1860 and 1900, a period that historians have begun to call the “Second Great Divergence.” It contends that Piketty's characterization of this period rests on outdated assumptions about the relationship between economic development and political contestation, and that Piketty's neglect of historical writing on this topic raises questions about his policy proposals. To highlight the limitations of Piketty's approach, it includes case studies of the telegraph industry and the telephone industry. For all of its erudition, range, and literary panache, Piketty'sCapital and Ideologyis, at its most persuasive, an updated restatement for a twenty‐first century audience of the Polanyian critique of nineteenth‐century economic liberalism. This is a worthy project, yet it is less novel in its conception and more problematic in its execution than might at first appear.
Present status and future directions: vertical root fractures in root filled teeth
Authors: Patel Shanon , Bhuva Bhavin , Bose Rahul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVertical root fracture (VRF) is a common reason for the extraction of root filled teeth. The accurate diagnosis of VRF may be challenging due to the absence of clinical signs, whilst conventional radiographic assessment is often inconclusive. However, an understanding of the aetiology of VRFs, and more importantly, the key predisposing factors, is crucial in identifying teeth that may be susceptible. Thorough clinical examination with magnification and co‐axial lighting is essential in identifying VRFs, and although CBCT is unable to reliably detect VRFsper se, the pattern of bone loss typically associated with VRF can be fully appreciated, and therefore, increases the probability of correct diagnosis and management. The prevalence of VRFs in root filled teeth is significantly greater than in teeth with vital pulps, demonstrating that the combination of loss of structural integrity, presence of pre‐existing fractures and biochemical effects of loss of vitality is highly relevant. Careful assessment of the occlusal scheme, presence of deflective contacts and identification of parafunctional habits are imperative in both preventing and managing VRFs. Furthermore, anatomical factors such as root canal morphology may predispose certain teeth to VRF. The influence of access cavity design and root canal instrumentation protocols should be considered although the impact of these on the fracture resistance of root filled teeth is not clearly validated. The post‐endodontic restoration of root filled teeth should be expedient and considerate to the residual tooth structure. Posts should be placed ‘passively’ and excessive ‘post‐space’ preparation should be avoided. This narrative review aims to present the aetiology, potential predisposing factors, histopathology, diagnosis and management of VRF and present perspectives for future research. Currently, there are limited options other than extraction for the management of VRF, although root resection may be considered in multi‐rooted teeth. Innovative techniques to ‘repair’ VRFs using both orthograde and surgical approaches require further research and validation. The prevention of VRFs is critical; identifying susceptible teeth, utilizing conservative endodontic procedures, together with expedient and appropriate post‐endodontic restorative procedures is paramount to reducing the incidence of terminal VRFs.
SPICe—Determinants of consumer green innovation adoption across domains: A systematic review of marketing journals and suggestions for a research agenda
Authors: Flores Phil Justice , Jansson Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, the growth in demand for green innovations has become apparent. This can be linked to increased consumer awareness of the environmental problems that the world is facing. This review presents the determinants of consumer green innovation adoption across domains identified in marketing literature. We included and synthesized 47 articles published between 2010 and July 2021 in top marketing journals. After identifying the determinants, we grouped them into four categories: (1) Social, (2) Personal, (3) Innovation, and (4) Contextual and external level determinants, or what we refer to as the SPICe determinants. This categorization is based on the source of the motivation, which is social, individual, innovation‐related, or contextual. We found a lack of focus on the consumer aspects in green innovation adoption studies, highlighting the need for more research regarding what motivates consumers to adopt these new environmental products. Furthermore, we showed that no sole determinant could predict green innovation adoption alone. Consequently, we outlined several agendas and questions that future studies could tackle and explore.
Effect of the combination of low temperature vacuum heating with tea polyphenol on AGEs in sturgeon fillets
Authors: Wei Jianling , Wu Zhengyang , Chai Tingting , He Fanyu , Chen Yuewen , Dong Xiuping , Shi Yugang 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to elucidate the information mechanism of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in sturgeon fillets, and its inhibition by polyphenol. The results revealed that LTVH fillets (processed using low temperature vacuum heating method, LTVH) did not have lower values of AGEs than those treated using TC method (a typical thermal procedure using boiling water at 100 °C). The addition of tea polyphenol, on the other hand, drastically reduced the AGEs levels in LTVH fillets. An in vitro model including sturgeon myofibrillar protein and glucose was employed in this work to evaluate the inhibition of AGEs by tea polyphenol. The results showed that free Arginine was susceptible to interaction with glucose, which caused the development of AGEs. However, the addition of tea polyphenol competed with glucose for binding to free Arginine, leading to a substantial decrease in free Arginine concentration and an increase of free amino loss rate, resulting in the inhibition of AGEs generation. The LTVH technique, in combination with tea polyphenol, can be used to prevent the production of AGEs on fillets during the thermal treatment.
Service integration: The perspective of Australian alcohol and other drug (AOD) nurses
Authors: Searby Adam , Burr Dianna , James Russell , Maude Phil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recently released Victorian Mental Health Royal Commission report has recommended a shift to integrated treatment, defined as treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders and mental ill health occurring in parallel, rather than distinct systems catering to each need. However, little work has sought to determine the perceptions of nurses working in alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment towards integrating with mental health services. In this study, we explore the perspectives of specialist AOD nurses towards the integration of mental health and AOD treatment services. Secondary analysis of semi‐structured interviews with Australian specialist AOD nurses (n = 46) conducted as part of a wider workforce study in 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and reported using the COREQ guidelines. Of the interviews analysed, six were AOD nurses working in an Australian state that had recently undergone service integration; however, many participants expressed perceptions of service integration. Two key themes are reported in this paper: (i) perceptions of service integration, where AOD nurses participating in our study were concerned that integration would result in the model of care they worked under being replaced by a mental health‐based model that was felt to be highly risk averse, and (ii) experiences of service integration. Concerns about the focus of care as well as the complexity of care differing between the two services demonstrated a contrast in both philosophical approaches to work with consumers and legislative difference in voluntary versus compulsory care provision.