bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural description of the maniraptoran egg Protoceratopsidovum
Authors: Choi Seung , Barta Daniel E. , Moreno‐Azanza Miguel , Kim Noe‐Heon , Shaw Colin A. , Varricchio David J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince their discovery in the 1920s, some asymmetric, elongated dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia have been interpreted as ceratopsian eggs. However, recent views support a maniraptoran affinity mainly based on macroscopic features. Technical advancements in palaeontology provide a novel approach to diagnose maniraptoran eggs, and the discovery of soft ceratopsian eggs makes the debate a timely issue worth revisiting. Here, we analysed Protoceratopsidovum eggshell from southern Mongolia with electron backscatter diffraction and the results were compared with East Asian and North American maniraptoran and ornithischian eggs. The microstructure and crystallography of Protoceratopsidovum confirms the maniraptoran hypothesis, given that it shows diagnostic features of the clade absent from ornithischian (e.g. hadrosaur) eggs. Additional characters, such as egg shape, ornamentation, egg pairing and clutch structure also support a maniraptoran affinity. Protoceratopsidovum has both elongatoolithid (oviraptorosaur egg) and prismatoolithid (troodontid egg) features, and it may bridge the morphological gap between the two established oofamilies. Considering the similarity between Protoceratopsidovum and potential dromaeosaur eggs, at least some Protoceratopsidovum may be deinonychosaur eggs. Fossil localities that yield both deinonychosaurs and Protoceratopsidovum may yield conclusive evidence for the true affinity of this ootaxon. Future discovery of the egg‐laying taxon of Protoceratopsidovum will not only improve our understanding of maniraptoran reproductive biology but also make Protoceratopsidovum a reliable indicator of the palaeobiogeography of that maniraptoran clade.
Processing Technologies for Developing Low GI Foods – A Review
Authors: Mapengo Clarity R. , Emmambux M. Naushad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews the various technologies employed to lower the glycemic index of foods and provides a future outlook for starchy foods. The glycemic index of foods can be reduced by increasing resistant starch or slowly digestible starch. However, information concerning the parameters/settings and mechanisms by which several technologies can be used are limited. Technologies such as microwave, infrared, ultrasonic, autoclaving, and high hydrostatic pressure can facilitate more interactions between food components, thereby resulting in the formation of various types of resistant starch or slowly digestible starch. Based on the findings of this paper, the use of microwave technology to produce resistant starch has been sufficiently reported in comparison to the other technologies. Given the research done in the last two decades regarding other technologies, there is a need for more research work on optimizing the parameters or processing conditions for thermal and non‐thermal technologies in order to produce low GI starch and starchy foods. There is limited work done on combination treatments that can effectively develop low GI foods. The data provided for glycemic index and starch digestibility kinetics is mostly from in vitro studies.
Comparative Study of Heat‐Moisture Treatment and Annealing on Morphology, Crystallinity, Pasting, and Thermal Properties of Sohphlang (Flemingia vestita) Starch
Authors: Marboh Vegonia , Gayary Mainao Alina , Gautam Gitanjali , Mahanta Charu Lata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe impact of heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) and annealing (ANN) on morphology, crystallinity, pasting, and thermal properties of sohphlang starch are determined. Heating of starch with 20%, 25%, and 30% moisture at 100 °C for 16 h is done for HMT while ANN is done for 24 h using 70%, 75%, and 80% moisture levels at 50 °C. Both HMT and ANN result in a rough surface structure and decreased birefringence at the center. The 1047/1022 ratio and crystallinity increase on modification but the A‐type polymorph remains unchanged. Hydrothermal treated starches have significantly increased pasting temperatures and reduced pasting viscosity; HMT starches no longer possess pasting profiles because of lack of trough viscosity; hence no breakdown and setback. Annealed starches show higher final viscosity than native starch (NS) and HMT starches. Both HMT and ANN improve the thermal properties by elevating gelatinization temperatures and gelatinization enthalpy. Moisture levels have a significant impact on the properties of NS, HMT, and ANN starches. Though annealing with 80% moisture alters the sohphlang starch properties, the effect is found to be lesser when compared to heat moisture treatment with 30% moisture. Thus, overall results convey that HMT and ANN can be used as modification techniques of sohphlang starch to modify the properties that can be useful in food applications.
Iron‐induced cellular in vitro neurotoxic responses in rat C6 cell line
Authors: Urati Anuradha , Dey Mangaldeep , Gautam Avtar Singh , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron is an essential metal critical for normal cellular and biochemical function and it is used as a cofactor in many vital biological pathways within the brain. However, accumulation of excess iron in brain is commonly associated with several neurodegenerative and neurotoxic adverse effects. Chronic exposure of iron leads to an increased risk for several neurodegenerative diseases. The exact mechanism of iron‐induced neurotoxicity is still unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects through in vitro exposure of ferrous sulphate in rat C6 cell line. The findings of our study have indicated that ferrous sulphate exposure may lead to induction of molecular markers of neuronal inflammation, apoptotic neuronal cell death, amyloid‐beta and hyperphosphorylated tau levels. This study provides a basic mechanistic understanding of signaling pathway and biomarkers involved during iron‐induced neurotoxicity.
Applying the comprehensive model of information seeking to understand chronic illness information scanning: Hong Kong evidence
Authors: Fung Timothy K. F. , Lai Po Yan , Chang Leanne , Leung Ho Man 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic illness is the most prevalent and costly global public health challenge. To address this challenge, health information is essential for individuals to make informed decisions to self‐manage their health and prevent and monitor chronic illness. Although previous studies show that health information scanning—a form of information gathering behavior to obtain health information, incidentally, when health topics of interest arise during daily conversations with others or through regular use of the media—positively influenced health decisions, little is known about information scanning in the context of chronic illness. This study applied the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking to examine factors that influence individuals' use of different channels for health information scanning. Using quota sampling to resemble population demographic characteristics, we collected 1100 online survey responses from Chinese‐speaking Hong Kong residents aged from 18 to 65 or older. Three structural equation modeling analyses were performed to examine how antecedent factors and information carrier factors influenced the use of interpersonal/group channels, the Internet‐related channels, and the traditional media channels for scanning chronic illness‐related information. The findings supported that channel utility was an important determinant of health scanning behavior, and channel characteristics were strong predictors of channel utility. However, mixed findings were observed on the relationship between antecedent factors and channel utility across the three‐channel categories, because some antecedent factors had direct influence on health information scanning. These findings will inform the information dissemination and promotional message design for chronic illness prevention and care.
Analysis and homogenisation of a linear Cahn–Larché system with phase separation on the microscale
Authors: Reischmann Lisa , Peter Malte A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the process of phase separation of a binary system under the influence of mechanical stress modelled by the Cahn–Larché system, where the mechanical deformation takes place on a macrosopic scale whereas the phase separation happens on a microscopic level. After linearisation, we prove existence and uniqueness of a weak solution by a Galerkin approach. As discretisation in space leads to a linear differential–algebraic system of equations, we adjust known solution theory for such equations to a weak setting. This approach may be of interest more generally for coupled elliptic–parabolic systems. A‐priori estimates enable us to pass to the homogenisation limit of the linear system rigorously using the concept of two‐scale convergence. A comparison with the formally homogenised full nonlinear problem shows that both systems lead to models of distributed‐microstructure type in the limit and that homogenisation and linearisation commutes.
The Structural Background of Housing Contention in Bucharest and Budapest
Authors: Florea Ioana , Gagyi Agnes , Jacobsson Kerstin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a historical introduction to the main factors that influenced housing and housing-related contention dynamics in Budapest and Bucharest, from the two cities’ modernization booms through their socialist and postsocialist periods, focusing on the role of urban development in the two countries’ world-economic integration, and the changing position of housing policy across different political regimes. We show that in both cases, structural characteristics following from the two capital cities’ relatively similar world-economic position constituted long-term conditions that informed housing-related tensions, housing policies and housing contention across presocialist, socialist and postsocialist periods. Besides such structural similarities, the chapter also highlights how national political regimes’ different reactions to the same world-economic pressures resulted in different economic and housing policies on the ground, as well as different political environments for housing struggles.
Housing Contention in Bucharest
Authors: Florea Ioana , Gagyi Agnes , Jacobsson Kerstin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter follows the main areas of housing-related tensions—housing poverty and low- to middle-classes’ housing access problem—and the mobilizations linked to them, in the city of Bucharest. It follows them across Romania’s first two decades of privatization started in 1990, the period of post-2008 crisis management, followed by a new growth cycle since 2015. The way different groups in Bucharest politicized and expressed these tensions transformed across time, reflecting also tumultuous political changes at the national level. The main political expressions of housing poverty this chapter follows are struggles against ethnicized evictions and lack of social housing in Bucharest, while homelessness and informal housing remained silent aspects of the field, visibly politicized only at certain moments. In the case of low- to middle-income groups, housing-related costs got politicized through claims about wages and utility prices, rather than focusing on housing access or household debt.
Conclusion
Authors: Florea Ioana , Gagyi Agnes , Jacobsson Kerstin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis brief concluding chapter discusses the main benefits of the structural field of contention approach, as well as the ways in which its relevance extends beyond the scope of the study, both in terms of the local context (Budapest and Bucharest) and research area (housing contention). The chapter identifies a number of insights gained for understanding and theorizing about global housing struggles and other social struggles more generally. It suggests that the structural field of contention approach offers a framework for analyzing social conflicts and movements that is sufficiently flexible yet systematic to enable meaningful comparisons across structural and political contexts. Moreover, instead of a unilinear and direct relationship between structural-political processes and social movements, the analysis revealed different forms of local institutionalization and diversified, often contradictory modes of political (re)actions. Our structurally informed field approach offers an integrated way of analyzing contemporary contention in its complexity.
Phenomenology of CP-even ALP
Authors: Sakurai Kodai , Yin Wen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Axion or axion-like particle (ALP) has been usually considered as a CP-odd Nambu-Goldstone boson (NGB) from the spontaneous breakdown of a global U(1) symmetry. In this paper, we point out that the NGB behaves as a CP-even particle coupled to the SM particles in a large class of simple (or perhaps the simplest) renormalizable models. We provide a first study of the collider phenomenology and cosmology of the CP-even ALP. In a natural parameter region, the CP-even ALP can be produced from the Higgs boson decay in colliders. When the mass is not very light, the signals will be Higgs exotic decays, Higgs decay to displaced vertex ×2, Higgs decay to displaced vertex + missing energy. The signal can be discriminated from other models, e.g. hidden photon, by measuring the decay length and the decay products of the light new particle. In addition, when ma ≲ MeV, in which case the Higgs boson invisible decay may be probed in the colliders, the CP-even ALP is a nice Dark matter (DM) candidate. The DM can be probed by 21cm line measurement, the future measurement of the Milky way mass halo function in the Vera Rubin Observatory, as well as X- or γ-ray observations. The DM production mechanisms are discussed.
Gauging discrete symmetries of TN-theories in five dimensions
Authors: Acharya Bobby , Lambert Neil , Najjar Marwan , Svanes Eirik Eik , Tian Jiahua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the gauging of a discrete ℤ3symmetry in the five-dimensional superconformalTNtheories. We argue that this leads to an infinite sequence of five-dimensional superconformal theories with eitherE6×SU(N) or SU(3)×SU(N) global symmetry group. In theM-theory realisation ofTNtheories as residing at the origin in the Calabi-Yau orbifolds$$ \frac{{\mathbb{C}}^3}{{\mathbb{Z}}_N\times {\mathbb{Z}}_N} $$ℂ3ℤN×ℤNwe identify the ℤ3symmetry geometrically and the new theories arise fromM-theory on the non-Abelian orbifolds$$ \left(\frac{{\mathbb{C}}^3}{{\mathbb{Z}}_N\times {\mathbb{Z}}_N}\right)/{\mathbb{Z}}_3 $$ℂ3ℤN×ℤN/ℤ3. On the other hand, in the (p, q) 5-brane web description in Type IIB theory, the symmetry combines theU-duality symmetry with a rotation in space, defining a so-calledU-fold background, where theE6symmetry is manifest.
Lepto-axiogenesis in minimal SUSY KSVZ model
Authors: Kawamura Junichiro , Raby Stuart 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study the lepto-axiogenesis scenario in the minimal supersymmetric KSVZ axion model. Only one Peccei-Quinn (PQ) field and vector-like fields are introduced besides the MSSM with the type-I see-saw mechanism. The PQ field is stabilized by the radiative correction induced by the Yukawa couplings with the vector-like fields introduced in the KSVZ model. We develop a way to follow the dynamics of the PQ field, in particular we found a semi-analytical solution which describes the rotational motion under the log-arithmic potential with including the thermalization effect via the gluon scattering which preserves the PQ symmetry. Based on the solution, we studied the baryon asymmetry, the effective number of neutrino, and the dark matter density composed of the axion and the neutralino. We found that the baryon asymmetry is successfully explained when the mass of PQ field is $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(106 GeV) ($$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(105 GeV)) with the power of the PQ breaking term being 10 (8).
Quantum Concentration Inequalities
Authors: De Palma Giacomo , Rouzé Cambyse 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe establish Transportation Cost Inequalities (TCIs) with respect to the quantum Wasserstein distance by introducing quantum extensions of well-known classical methods: First, we generalize the Dobrushin uniqueness condition to prove that Gibbs states of 1D commuting Hamiltonians satisfy a TCI at any positive temperature and provide conditions under which this first result can be extended to non-commuting Hamiltonians. Next, using a non-commutative version of Ollivier’s coarse Ricci curvature, we prove that high temperature Gibbs states of commuting Hamiltonians on arbitrary hypergraphs $$H=(V,E)$$

H
=
(
V
,
E
)

satisfy a TCI with constant scaling as O(|V|). Third, we argue that the temperature range for which the TCI holds can be enlarged by relating it to recently established modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. Fourth, we prove that the inequality still holds for fixed points of arbitrary reversible local quantum Markov semigroups on regular lattices, albeit with slightly worsened constants, under a seemingly weaker condition of local indistinguishability of the fixed points. Finally, we use our framework to prove Gaussian concentration bounds for the distribution of eigenvalues of quasi-local observables and argue the usefulness of the TCI in proving the equivalence of the canonical and microcanonical ensembles and an exponential improvement over the weak Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis.
Image-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy for rectal cancer: technical note and first clinical experience on an organ-preserving approach
Authors: Fleischmann Maximilian , Diefenhardt Markus , Trommel Martin , Scherf Christian , Ramm Ulla , Chatzikonstantinou Georgios , Fokas Emmanouil , Rödel Claus , Tselis Nikolaos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
As the population ages, the incidence of rectal cancer among elderly patients is rising. Due to the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality, alternative nonoperative treatment options have been explored in elderly and frail patients who are clinically inoperable or refuse surgery.

Methods
Here we present technical considerations and first clinical experience after treating a cohort of six rectal cancer patients (T1‑3, N0‑1, M0; UICC stage I-IIIB) with definitive external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by image-guided, endorectal high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). Patients were treated with 10–13 × 3 Gy EBRT followed by HDR-BT delivering 12–18 Gy in two or three fractions. Tumor response was evaluated using endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis.

Results
Median age was 84 years. All patients completed EBRT and HDR-BT without any high-grade toxicity (> grade 2). One patient experienced rectal bleeding (grade 2) after 10 weeks. Four patients (67%) demonstrated clinical complete response (cCR) or near cCR, there was one partial response, and one residual tumor and hepatic metastasis 8 weeks after HDR-BT. The median follow-up time for all six patients is 42 weeks (range 8–60 weeks). Sustained cCR without evidence of local regrowth has been achieved in all four patients with initial (n)cCR to date.

Conclusion
Primary EBRT combined with HDR-BT is feasible and well tolerated with promising response rates in elderly and frail rectal cancer patients. The concept could be an integral part of a highly individualized and selective nonoperative treatment offered to patients who are not suitable for or refuse surgery.
Exploring the roles of trust and social group preference on the legitimacy of algorithmic decision-making vs. human decision-making for allocating COVID-19 vaccinations
Authors: Lünich Marco , Kieslich Kimon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn combating the ongoing global health threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-makers have to take actions based on a multitude of relevant health data with severe potential consequences for the affected patients. Because of their presumed advantages in handling and analyzing vast amounts of data, computer systems of algorithmic decision-making (ADM) are implemented and substitute humans in decision-making processes. In this study, we focus on a specific application of ADM in contrast to human decision-making (HDM), namely the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines to the public. In particular, we elaborate on the role of trust and social group preference on the legitimacy of vaccine allocation. We conducted a survey with a 2 × 2 randomized factorial design among n = 1602 German respondents, in which we utilized distinct decision-making agents (HDM vs. ADM) and prioritization of a specific social group (teachers vs. prisoners) as design factors. Our findings show that general trust in ADM systems and preference for vaccination of a specific social group influence the legitimacy of vaccine allocation. However, contrary to our expectations, trust in the agent making the decision did not moderate the link between social group preference and legitimacy. Moreover, the effect was also not moderated by the type of decision-maker (human vs. algorithm). We conclude that trustworthy ADM systems must not necessarily lead to the legitimacy of ADM systems.
Renal hypoxia–HIF–PHD–EPO signaling in transition metal nephrotoxicity: friend or foe?
Authors: Thévenod Frank , Schreiber Timm , Lee Wing-Kee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe kidney is the main organ that senses changes in systemic oxygen tension, but it is also the key detoxification, transit and excretion site of transition metals (TMs). Pivotal to oxygen sensing are prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs), which hydroxylate specific residues in hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), key transcription factors that orchestrate responses to hypoxia, such as induction of erythropoietin (EPO). The essential TM ion Fe is a key component and regulator of the hypoxia–PHD–HIF–EPO (HPHE) signaling axis, which governs erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism, adaptation, survival and proliferation, and hence cell and body homeostasis. However, inadequate concentrations of essential TMs or entry of non-essential TMs in organisms cause toxicity and disrupt health. Non-essential TMs are toxic because they enter cells and displace essential TMs by ionic and molecular mimicry, e. g. in metalloproteins. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HPHE interactions with TMs (Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pt) as well as their implications in renal physiology, pathophysiology and toxicology. Some TMs, such as Fe and Co, may activate renal HPHE signaling, which may be beneficial under some circumstances, for example, by mitigating renal injuries from other causes, but may also promote pathologies, such as renal cancer development and metastasis. Yet some other TMs appear to disrupt renal HPHE signaling, contributing to the complex picture of TM (nephro-)toxicity. Strikingly, despite a wealth of literature on the topic, current knowledge lacks a deeper molecular understanding of TM interaction with HPHE signaling, in particular in the kidney. This precludes rationale preventive and therapeutic approaches to TM nephrotoxicity, although recently activators of HPHE signaling have become available for therapy.