bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic differentiation to simultaneously identify nonlinear dynamics and extract noise probability distributions from data
Authors: Kaheman Kadierdan , Brunton Steven L , Nathan Kutz J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) is a regression framework for the discovery of parsimonious dynamic models and governing equations from time-series data. As with all system identification methods, noisy measurements compromise the accuracy and robustness of the model discovery procedure. In this work we develop a variant of the SINDy algorithm that integrates automatic differentiation and recent time-stepping constrained motivated by Rudy et al (2019 J. Computat. Phys.
396 483–506) for simultaneously (1) denoising the data, (2) learning and parametrizing the noise probability distribution, and (3) identifying the underlying parsimonious dynamical system responsible for generating the time-series data. Thus within an integrated optimization framework, noise can be separated from signal, resulting in an architecture that is approximately twice as robust to noise as state-of-the-art methods, handling as much as 40% noise on a given time-series signal and explicitly parametrizing the noise probability distribution. We demonstrate this approach on several numerical examples, from Lotka-Volterra models to the spatio-temporal Lorenz 96 model. Further, we show the method can learn a diversity of probability distributions for the measurement noise, including Gaussian, uniform, Gamma, and Rayleigh distributions.
Challenges in the Interdisciplinary Use of Comparative Law
Authors: Engel Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The world has more than 200 states. Many states are federations and hence consist of multiple jurisdictions. Seemingly there is thus ample room for a social science approach to comparative law. In this perspective, each legal order produces a data point. Variance in the solutions adopted by different legal orders is used as evidence that a certain legal design causes greater justice, better political stability, higher welfare, or more equity. The results could motivate the strife for legal betterment, by the way of legal transplants.
This Article cautions against the dangers inherent in this empirical enterprise. In a nutshell, the danger results from the fact that mere correlation (some jurisdictions are associated with some outcomes) is not causation (a difference in legal design is responsible for the difference in outcomes). Yet for choosing between alternative legal regimes, causation would be critical. The Article explains why comparative law is a conspicuously challenging source of empirical evidence. It discusses possible solutions.
Visualizing the Individual Arterial Anatomy of the Face Through Augmented Reality— A Useful and Accurate Tool During Dermal Filler Injections
Authors: Waked Karl , Mespreuve Marc , De Ranter Joris , Collard Barbara , Hahn Stephan , Hendrickx Benoit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe arterial anatomy of the face is extremely variable. Despite numerous cadaver dissections and anatomical descriptions, the exact location of the superficial facial arteries remains unpredictable. This ignorance is a determining factor in the pathophysiology of intravascular filler injections, potentially causing skin necrosis and blindness.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of an augmented reality (AR) application that visualizes the individual arterial anatomy of the face.MethodsA workflow was developed during which a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) mapped the superficial arteries of the face. The images were further processed into an AR image that was visualized on the patient’s face using a specifically designed smartphone application. The accuracy of the AR image and the position of each individual artery were analyzed using duplex ultrasound (US).ResultsA total of 216 facial arteries were visualized in 20 patients. The superficial temporal (100%), supratrochlear (92.5%), facial (75%), and angular (82.5%) arteries were visualized the most. The inferior labial (17.5%), dorsal nasal (22.5%), and supraorbital (42.5%) arteries were the most difficult to visualize through MRA. The average deviation between the artery visible on the AR image and the location assessed by US was 0.30 mm (standard deviation = +/− 0.66 mm). There were no complications reported.ConclusionsThe combination of a risk-free MRA to map the individual arteries of the face and the processing into an AR image may be considered as a useful and accurate tool during dermal filler injections to potentially minimize the risk of intravascular filler injections.
High-performance single-cell gene regulatory network inference at scale: the Inferelator 3.0
Authors: Skok Gibbs Claudia , Jackson Christopher A , Saldi Giuseppe-Antonio , Tjärnberg Andreas , Shah Aashna , Watters Aaron , De Veaux Nicholas , Tchourine Konstantine , Yi Ren , Hamamsy Tymor , Castro Dayanne M , Carriero Nicholas , Gorissen Bram L , Gresham David , Miraldi Emily R , Bonneau Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivationGene regulatory networks define regulatory relationships between transcription factors and target genes within a biological system, and reconstructing them is essential for understanding cellular growth and function. Methods for inferring and reconstructing networks from genomics data have evolved rapidly over the last decade in response to advances in sequencing technology and machine learning. The scale of data collection has increased dramatically; the largest genome-wide gene expression datasets have grown from thousands of measurements to millions of single cells, and new technologies are on the horizon to increase to tens of millions of cells and above.ResultsIn this work, we present the Inferelator 3.0, which has been significantly updated to integrate data from distinct cell types to learn context-specific regulatory networks and aggregate them into a shared regulatory network, while retaining the functionality of the previous versions. The Inferelator is able to integrate the largest single-cell datasets and learn cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks. Compared to other network inference methods, the Inferelator learns new and informative Saccharomyces cerevisiae networks from single-cell gene expression data, measured by recovery of a known gold standard. We demonstrate its scaling capabilities by learning networks for multiple distinct neuronal and glial cell types in the developing Mus musculus brain at E18 from a large (1.3 million) single-cell gene expression dataset with paired single-cell chromatin accessibility data.Availability and implementationThe inferelator software is available on GitHub (https://github.com/flatironinstitute/inferelator) under the MIT license and has been released as python packages with associated documentation (https://inferelator.readthedocs.io/).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Simultaneous relaxometry and morphometry of human brain structures with 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting: a multicenter, multiplatform, multifield-strength study
Authors: Fujita Shohei , Cencini Matteo , Buonincontri Guido , Takei Naoyuki , Schulte Rolf F , Fukunaga Issei , Uchida Wataru , Hagiwara Akifumi , Kamagata Koji , Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Matsuyama Yutaka , Abe Osamu , Tosetti Michela , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Relaxation times and morphological information are fundamental magnetic resonance imaging-derived metrics of the human brain that reflect the status of the underlying tissue. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) enables simultaneous acquisition of T1 and T2 maps inherently aligned to the anatomy, allowing whole-brain relaxometry and morphometry in a single scan. In this study, we revealed the feasibility of 3D MRF for simultaneous brain structure-wise morphometry and relaxometry. Comprehensive test–retest scan analyses using five 1.5-T and three 3.0-T systems from a single vendor including different scanner types across 3 institutions demonstrated that 3D MRF-derived morphological information and relaxation times are highly repeatable at both 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Regional cortical thickness and subcortical volume values showed high agreement and low bias across different field strengths. The ability to acquire a set of regional T1, T2, thickness, and volume measurements of neuroanatomical structures with high repeatability and reproducibility facilitates the ability of longitudinal multicenter imaging studies to quantitatively monitor changes associated with underlying pathologies, disease progression, and treatments.
Localization of global networks: new mandates for MNEs in Toronto’s innovation economy
Authors: Wolfe David A , DiFrancesco Richard J , Denney Steven C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current wave of technological transformation is altering dynamics between the global and local scales. This transformation affects the dynamic linkages between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the host economies in which they invest. This article examines how MNEs in leading technology sectors are re-evaluating their relationship to Toronto’s innovation economy. It employs elements of three conceptual approaches on global production networks, global innovation networks, and the locational strategies of MNEs. Firms engage with the host region in new ways by tapping into knowledge sources to diversify the locational base of their R&D activities, as well as with local entrepreneurial ecosystems in emerging technologies and industry niches.
Risk stratification of anastomotic stricture using early postoperative endoscopic and computed tomography findings in patients undergoing esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal cancer
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Nishikawa Katsunori , Tanishima Yuichiro , Ishikawa Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Takehiro , Masuda Takahiro , Kurogochi Takanori , Yuda Masami , Tanaka Yujiro , Matsumoto Akira , Yano Fumiaki , Eto Ken 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Anastomotic stricture (AS) is one of the major complications after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. We have previously reported that severe mucosal degeneration (MD) of the anastomotic site was associated with the incidence of AS. Meanwhile, there are few reports to correlate anastomotic internal circumference (AIC) with computed tomography (CT) with the incidence of AS. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify the correlation of early postoperative endoscopic and CT findings with the incidence of AS. We assessed 205 patients who underwent esophagectomy. We then divided them into the non-AS group (n = 164) and the AS group (n = 41) and compared their background data and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. We also evaluated the risk factors for AS using logistic regression model. Multivariate analysis revealed small AIC (P = 0.003; OR = 4.400; 95% CI = 1.650–11.700) and severe MD (P &lt; 0.001; OR = 7.200; 95% CI = 2.650–19.600) as the independent risk factors for AS development. We also stratified the patients into the following four groups according to the incidence of AS: low-risk (normal AIC and intact or mild MD, 6.2%), intermediate-risk (small AIC and intact or mild MD, 29.4%), high-risk (normal AIC and severe MD, 42.9%), and very high-risk (small AIC and severe MD, 61.1%). Early postoperative endoscopic and CT findings were useful in predicting the development of AS after esophagectomy.
A New Look at Pygmalion: Alfred Doolittle and Henry Higgins as Absent (Substitute) Fathers
Authors: Eckert Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Scholarship of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion (1912), despite Shaw’s protestations that Eliza and Higgins can never marry, has for a century debated whether the play’s content and structure imply so. A less analysed route to resolving this issue is to more closely consider Eliza’s father, Arthur Doolittle. Some critics read Doolittle as largely a comic diversion meant to ironize her social transformation. Yet the marital question and Alfred Doolittle’s role are integrated strands, for Eliza’s emotions toward Higgins might be better understood as filial ones, as she attempts and fails to find fatherly love and acceptance from Higgins. Doolittle’s character helps establish this daughter–substitute father relationship by his role as an absent and emotionally unavailable parent.
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients with advanced chronic kidney and liver diseases
Authors: Liao Jo-Nan , Kuo Ling , Liu Chih-Min , Chen Shih-Ann , Chao Tze-Fan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic liver disease (CLD) is frequent in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) because of their common risk factors. Chronic kidney disease and CLD superimposed on AF are associated with increased risks of thrombosis and bleeding, which further complicates the use of oral anticoagulants (OACs). Because currently approved non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) undergo certain degrees of metabolism and clearance in the liver and kidney, increased exposure to medications and risk of bleeding are major concerns with the use of NOACs in patients with advanced CKD and CLD. Besides, these patients were mostly excluded from landmark trials of NOACs and related cohort studies are also limited. Therefore, the optimal strategy for the use of NOACs in this population remains unclear. This review would go through current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of NOACs in AF patients with advanced CKD and CLD and provide a comprehensive discussion for clinical practices.
Varicella zoster virus reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination: a report of 3 cases
Authors: Saraiva Ana L , Vieira Ana R , Marinho Maria C , Zadorozhnya Oksana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The advent of vaccination against COVID-19 brought great expectations for the control of the pandemic. As novel vaccines, much of the associated side effects were unknown. Currently, an increasing number of reports from side effects of COVID-19 vaccines have been published, namely on cutaneous reactions. These are of utmost importance to increase our knowledge about possible undesirable effects and its prevention.

Methods
We describe a series of 3 cases who presented with varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation following the first dose of 3 different COVID-19 vaccines.

Results
Three patients sought their Family Doctor after developing typical lesions of VZV reactivation, following a period of 3–13 days after COVID-19 vaccination. None was under immunosuppressive therapy. The 3 patients recovered in a few weeks and the subsequent doses of the vaccines were administered, without recurrence of the symptoms.

Conclusions
These cases highlight the possibility of VZV reactivation after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccines. Family Doctors should be aware of this event and play an important role informing and reassuring local communities for this possible vaccine reaction.
Is Sex as a Biological Variable Still Being Ignored in Preclinical Aging Research?
Authors: Carmody Colleen , Duesing Charlotte G , Kane Alice E , Mitchell Sarah J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Five years ago, the National Institute of Health (NIH) introduced a mandate to revolutionize the way sex as a biological variable (SABV) is considered in NIH-funded preclinical research. Given the known effects of sex on aging physiology, pathology, treatment response, and the effectiveness of interventions it is particularly important that SABV be considered in basic biology of aging research. Five years after this mandate, a significant amount of published work funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) is still not including mice of both sexes and/or not considering sex differences or comparisons in preclinical studies. Here we review a cross-section of recently published NIA-funded research to determine adherence to this mandate. We discuss the state of the preclinical aging field in terms of SABV and suggest strategies for improving adherence to the NIH mandate. It is imperative that we consider SABV and include males and females in all aspects of aging biology research to improve health outcomes for all.
Novel brain computed tomography perfusion for cerebral malperfusion secondary to acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Inoue Yosuke , Inoue Manabu , Koga Masatoshi , Koizumi Shigeki , Yokawa Koki , Masada Kenta , Seike Yoshimasa , Sasaki Hiroaki , Yoshitani Kenji , Minatoya Kenji , Matsuda Hitoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The management of acute type A aortic dissection with malperfusion syndrome remains challenging. To evaluate preoperative condition, symptoms might be subjective and objective evaluation of cerebral artery has not yet been established. For quantitative evaluation, this study focused on brain computed tomography perfusion (CTP), which has been recommended by several guidelines of acute ischaemic stroke.

METHODS
In the last 2 years, 147 patients hospitalized due to acute type A aortic dissection were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 23 (16%) patients with cerebral malperfusion, 14 who underwent brain CTP (6 preoperative and 8 postoperative) were enrolled. CTP parameters, including regional blood flow and time to maximum, were automatically computed using RApid processing of Perfusion and Diffusion software. The median duration from the onset to hospital arrival was 129 (31–659) min.

RESULTS
Among the 6 patients who underwent preoperative CTP, 4 with salvageable ischaemic lesion (penumbra: 8–735 ml) without massive irreversible ischaemic lesion (ischaemic core: 0–31 ml) achieved acceptable neurological outcomes after emergency aortic replacement regardless of preoperative neurological severity. In contrast, 2 patients with an ischaemic core of &gt;50 ml (73, 51 ml) fell into a vegetative state or neurological death due to intracranial haemorrhage. CTP parameters guided postoperative blood pressure augmentation without additional supra-aortic vessel intervention in the 8 patients who underwent postoperative CTP, among whom 6 achieved normal neurological function regardless of common carotid true lumen stenosis severity.

CONCLUSIONS
CTP was able to detect irreversible ischaemic core, guide critical decisions in preoperative patients and aid in determining the blood pressure augmentation for postoperative management focusing on residual brain ischaemia.
Questionnaires assessing the anxiety alleviation benefits of indoor plants for self-isolated population during COVID-19
Authors: Yan Lianyu , Liu Fudan , Meng Xi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indoor plants have great benefits to humans, including physical health, cognition and emotion through their repair and purification capabilities, but most of these positiv e effects have not been quantified and valued. In this study, the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), when people must be self-isolated at home and avoid outdoor activities in China, was utilized adequately and the influence of indoor plants was analyzed via the 2031 valid questionnaires, in which indoor plant status, interest degree, interaction frequency and anxiety alleviation were surveyed. Results showed that indoor plants were widely cultivated especially in the living room. Compared to before the COVID-19, the interest degree with indoor plants increased by ~33% and their overall interaction frequency increased by ~78% during the COVID-19. More than 70% of the surveyed people exhibited anxiety during the COVID-19, and the overall anxiety level was 1.17 (between ‘Slight anxiety’ and ‘Anxiety’). And ~61% of the surveyed people supported that indoor plants could alleviate self-isolation anxiety, and the anxiety alleviation degree was 0.79 (tend to ‘Releasing the certain anxiety’), which showed that indoor plants had also shown to have an indirect psychological effect on anxiety alleviation.
Inhibition of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm at various formation stages by antifungal drugs, including olorofim
Authors: Kirchhoff Lisa , Dittmer Silke , Furnica Dan-Tiberiu , Buer Jan , Steinmann Eike , Rath Peter-Michael , Steinmann Joerg 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Interest in aspergillosis has increased over the past decades. An increase in the incidence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus strains has been reported; therefore, the need for novel therapeutic approaches is urgent. The formation of biofilms contributes to pathogen resistance. We investigated the biofilm formation capabilities of azole-resistant A. fumigatus and analysed the susceptibility of biofilms at various developmental stages to three antifungal agents.

Methods
Biofilm formation of 19 clinical A. fumigatus strains (3 azole-susceptible and 16 azole-resistant strains) was determined by crystal violet staining and by an XTT assay over a period of 48 h. We measured antibiofilm activity of voriconazole, amphotericin B and olorofim. These agents were added before adhesion, after adhesion, after germination and to mature fungal biofilm. Antibiofilm activity was assessed in an XTT assay and in confocal laser scan microscopy. Additionally, a growth–kinetic assay with planktonic A. fumigatus was performed.

Results
Each of the antifungal agents inhibited the metabolic activity of A. fumigatus biofilms when applied at early stages of biofilm formation. The mature biofilms were more resistant. Olorofim and voriconazole showed promising effects against A. fumigatus adhesion and germination, whereas the mature biofilm was not affected by treatment. In contrast, the biofilm of A. fumigatus showed amphotericin B susceptibility throughout the entire developmental process. The planktonic cells were susceptible to all three antifungal drug classes with an inhibition peak at 12 h after incubation.

Conclusions
This is the first known study to demonstrate the antibiofilm activity of olorofim, voriconazole and amphotericin B against azole-resistant A. fumigatus.