bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopy imaging and modeling study on the mechanical properties of the primary flight feather shaft of the bean goose, Anser fabalis
Authors: Liu Chao , Xu Lihan , Li Xiujuan , Liu Yansong , Qi Yingchun , Sun Jiyu , Zou Meng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAvian flight feathers have the unique advantages of lightweight and high strength, which play a key role in their flight capacity. In this article, the rachis of the bean goose's primary flight feather was used as the research object. Its compressive properties were analyzed and the 3D microscale was observed by 3D microscope system with a super wide depth of field. The distribution of mechanical properties, section variation of fiber and internal microstructure of rachis were obtained by micro‐CT technique. Based on these results, a 3D reconstructed model was established for structure mechanical simulation. The simulation results were close basically to the compressive strength of the actual sample. These results show that the synergistic effect of cortex and medulla can improve mechanical resistance of the rachis. Therefore, the best position (N3) of the primary flight feather shaft can be applied to the bionic design of thin wall structures for energy absorption. This research can provide some guidance for the application of lightweight structural design.Research Highlights
The internal structure of bean goose feather shaft was observed by micro‐CT.
The experimental method has a deeper understanding of the compressive properties of rachis fiber orientation.
Under the synergistic effect of cortex and medulla, the compressive performance of rachis is better.
Tandem mass spectrometric sequence characterization of synthetic thymidine‐rich oligonucleotides
Authors: Abdullah A. M. , Sommers Cynthia , Hawes Jessica , Rodriguez Jason D. , Yang Kui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) can provide direct and accurate sequence characterization of synthetic oligonucleotide drugs, including modified oligonucleotides. Multiple factors can affect oligonucleotide MS/MS sequencing, including the intrinsic properties of oligonucleotides (i.e., nucleotide composition and structural modifications) and instrument parameters associated with the ion activation for fragmentation. In this study, MS/MS sequencing of a thymidine (T)‐rich and phosphorothioate (PS)‐modified DNA oligonucleotide was investigated using two fragmentation techniques: trap‐type collision‐induced dissociation (“CID”) and beam‐type CID also termed as higher‐energy collisional dissociation (“HCD”), preceded by a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separation. A low to moderate charge state (−4), which predominated under the optimized HILIC‐MS conditions, was selected as the precursor ion for MS/MS analysis. Comparison of the two distinctive ion activation mechanisms on the same precursor demonstrated that HCD was superior to CID in promoting higher sequence coverage and analytical sensitivity in sequence elucidation of T‐rich DNA oligonucleotides. Specifically, HCD provided more sequence‐defining fragments with higher fragment intensities than CID. Furthermore, the direct comparison between unmodified and PS‐modified DNA oligonucleotides demonstrated a loss of MS/MS fragmentation efficiency by PS modification in both CID and HCD approaches, and a resultant reduction in sequence coverage. The deficiency in PS DNA sequence coverage observed with single collision energy HCD, however, was partially recovered by applying HCD with multiple collision energies. Collectively, this work demonstrated that HCD is advantageous to MS/MS sequencing of T‐rich PS‐modified DNA oligonucleotides.
Nonlinear light scattering spectra in water: Dependence on the content of dissolved gas and effects of non‐stationarity
Authors: Bunkin Nikolai F. , Babenko Vladimir A. , Sychev Andrey A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere, we study stimulated nonlinear scattering in the spectral range near the second optical harmonic of a laser pump in water samples containing gas nanobubbles. It was found that the spectral and spatial characteristics of nonlinear scattering radiation undergo significant changes upon settling of initially degassed water samples in a flask, open to the atmospheric air. It turned out that the contact with the atmospheric air results in the growth of the volume number density of gas nanobubbles. It appeared that the physical mechanism of nonlinear scattering changes upon increasing the nanobubble content. In fact, four‐photon parametric scattering in degassed water, which occurs due to the cubic nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of medium, transforms upon increasing the content of nanobubbles into stimulated hyper‐Raman scattering controlled by the constant (∂χ(2)/∂q), where χ(2) is the quadratic nonlinear susceptibility and q is coordinate of a nucleus. The physical nature of the observed phenomenon is the generation of a surface plasmon arising due to the optical breakdown inside a gas nanobubble, which leads to an effective buildup of vibrations of molecules/ions localized in the surface layer of nanobubble. The plasmon bandwidth Δω was theoretically estimated. It turned out that Δω ≈ ω0, where ω0 is the resonant plasmon wavenumber, that is, in our case, the quality factor of the plasmon oscillator is very low.
Cannabis use among U.S. military veterans with subthreshold or threshold posttraumatic stress disorder: Psychiatric comorbidities, functioning, and strategies for coping with posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Hill Melanie L. , Loflin Mallory , Nichter Brandon , Na Peter J. , Herzog Sarah , Norman Sonya B. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCannabis use is common among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, but its impact on psychiatric symptoms and functioning in this population is unclear. To clarify the clinical and functional correlates of cannabis use in individuals with PTSD symptoms, we analyzed data from the 2019–2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. military veterans. Participants with current subthreshold or full PTSD (N = 608) reported on their past‐6‐month cannabis use and current psychiatric symptoms, functioning, treatment utilization, and PTSD symptom management strategies. Veterans with subthreshold/full PTSD who used cannabis more than weekly were more likely to screen positive for co‐occurring depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation than those who did not use cannabis, ORs = 3.4–3.8, or used cannabis less than weekly, ORs = 2.7–3.7. Veterans who used cannabis more than weekly also scored lower in cognitive functioning than veterans with no use, d = 0.25, or infrequent use, d = 0.71, and were substantially more likely to endorse avoidance coping strategies, ORs = 8.2–12.2, including substance use, OR = 4.4, and behavioral disengagement, ORs = 2.7–9.1, to manage PTSD symptoms. Despite more psychiatric and functional problems, veterans with frequent cannabis use were not more likely to engage in mental health treatment, ORs = 0.87–0.99. The results suggest enhanced cannabis use screening, interventions targeting risky use, and strategies promoting treatment engagement may help ameliorate more severe clinical presentations associated with frequent cannabis use among veterans with subthreshold/full PTSD.
Subjective Fatigue in Children With Unaided and Aided Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Bakkum Kim H. E. , Teunissen Emma M. , Janssen Arno M. , Lieu Judith E. C. , Hol Myrthe K. S. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesFatigue is frequently observed in children with chronic diseases and can affect the quality of life (QoL). However, research in children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) is scarce. Subsequently, no studies investigated the effects of hearing aids on fatigue in children. This study investigates subjective fatigue and hearing‐related QoL in children with UHL. Furthermore, it evaluates the influence of hearing aids, subject‐specific factors, and respondent‐type on subjective fatigue.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted from June 2020 until September 2020 at the department of otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary referral center.MethodsThe primary outcome was the difference in subjective fatigue and hearing‐related QoL between children with unaided UHL, aided UHL, and normal hearing. Subjective fatigue and hearing‐related QoL were measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL™‐MFS) and Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR‐QL™) questionnaires.ResultsAlong with 36 aided children with UHL, 34 unaided and 36 normal‐hearing children were included. Child reports revealed significantly more cognitive fatigue in children with aided UHL than children with normal hearing (median difference 12.5, P = .013). Parents reported more fatigue in children with UHL compared to normal‐hearing siblings. Especially children with aided UHL seemed at increased risk for fatigue. Children with UHL scored lower on hearing‐related QoL than children with normal hearing. No apparent differences were found in fatigue and QoL between children with unaided and aided UHL.ConclusionChildren with unaided and even aided UHL seem to experience more subjective fatigue and lower hearing‐related QoL than children with normal hearing. Prospective longitudinal studies are required to investigate the influence of hearing aids on fatigue and QoL in individual patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2021 Laryngoscope, 133:189–198, 2023
Ultrasound Guided Biopsy in Patients With HPV‐Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Haller Travis J. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Yin Linda X. , Lohse Christine M. , Douse Dontre' , Badaoui Joseph N. , Price Daniel L. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the differences in sensitivity and accuracy between ultrasound‐guided and palpation‐guided fine needle aspirations (FNA) of suspicious lymph nodes in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) (+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Additional objectives included identifying patient specific factors affecting biopsy accuracy and evaluating potential differences in accuracy between fine and core needle biopsies.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of diagnostic sensitivity was completed at a single tertiary care center between 1/1/2006–12/31/2016. Participants included patients who underwent pretreatment FNA biopsy with HPV(+)OPSCC confirmed pathologically following neck dissection or excisional lymph node biopsy. A true positive (TP) on FNA biopsy was defined as an FNA biopsy concerning for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that was confirmed on excisional biopsy or neck dissection. A false negative (FN) was defined as a negative FNA but metastatic disease identified on excisional biopsy or neck dissection. Sensitivity was calculated as TPs/(TPs + FNs). Sensitivity was compared among techniques using chi‐square and Fisher exact tests.ResultsA total of 209 FNA biopsies among 198 patients were included in the study, including 31 (15%) palpation‐guided FNAs, 160 (77%) ultrasound‐guided FNAs, and 18 (9%) ultrasound‐guided FNA + core biopsies. Sensitivity was significantly different among palpation‐guided FNA, ultrasound‐guided FNA, and ultrasound‐guided FNA + core biopsies (48% vs. 83% vs. 94%, respectively; P < .001) but there was no significant difference in sensitivity between ultrasound‐guided FNA versus ultrasound‐guided FNA + core biopsies (P = .31).ConclusionThe use of ultrasound guidance in FNA biopsies of nodal metastases in HPV(+)OPSCC improves sensitivity compared to palpation guidance alone. Ultrasound guided biopsies are preferred in patients with suspected nodal metastasis from HPV(+)OPSCC.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2396–2402, 2022
Environmental drivers of taxonomic and functional variation in zooplankton diversity and composition in freshwater lakes across Canadian continental watersheds
Authors: Paquette Cindy , Gregory‐Eaves Irene , Beisner Beatrix E. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTCanada is home to more lakes than any other nation, but there is a fragmented and limited understanding of the ecological status of these water bodies. Zooplankton are excellent bioindicators of lake health, given their central food web position. To date, many studies have investigated the effect of individual stressors on zooplankton communities, mediated through changes in water quality (e.g., macronutrients, temperature, or chemicals). Increasingly, stressors act simultaneously in lakes, often over extended periods of time. As part of the NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network project, pelagic zooplankton were sampled in 624 lakes across Canada, spanning six continental drainage basins. We evaluated the effect of 40+ environmental variables on zooplankton diversity and community composition, considering both taxonomic and functional approaches. We also tested specific hypotheses on the relationships between zooplankton communities and environmental conditions, including eutrophication, calcium, chloride, and fish predation. We found that lake morphometry variables were among the most important predictors of zooplankton diversity, while water quality metrics were more critical in explaining variation in community composition. Our results also reveal significant heterogeneity across Canada, with contrasting effects of environmental drivers among continental watersheds, highlighting that response models cannot be assumed to apply universally.
Do Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Have Episodic Memory Impairment? A Systematic Review
Authors: Macedo Arthur Cassa , Mariano Luciano Inácio , Martins Marina Isoni , Friedlaender Clarisse Vasconcelos , Ventura Jesus Mística , de Faria Rocha João Victor , Camargos Sarah Teixeira , Cardoso Francisco Eduardo Costa , Caramelli Paulo , de Souza Leonardo Cruz 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common atypical parkinsonism and has executive dysfunction as a core feature. The magnitude of episodic memory disturbance in PSP is yet to be clarified.ObjectivesTo investigate how impaired is episodic memory in PSP compared to healthy controls and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Also, we sought to identify the brain correlates underlying these memory disturbances.MethodsWe performed a systematic search on PubMed and Scopus, combining the terms “progressive supranuclear palsy” AND “memory”. The search was limited to papers published in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish, with no chronological filters. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.ResultsThe initial search returned 464 results. After extraction of duplicates, 356 records were screened, leading to inclusion of 38 studies. Most studies found that PSP patients had lower scores on episodic memory compared to healthy controls. In addition, the majority of studies suggest that PSP does not differ from Parkinson's disease and from atypical parkinsonism in terms of episodic memory performance. The same is seen for PSP and frontotemporal dementia. Conversely, episodic memory impairment seems to be greater in typical Alzheimer's disease compared to PSP. Neuroimaging findings indicate that striatofrontal structures may be involved in PSP episodic memory dysfunction, while no associations with mesial structures (including hippocampi) were found.ConclusionsEpisodic memory is impaired in PSP. Whether this amnesia refers to executive dysfunction is still controversial. More studies are warranted to clarify the neural basis of memory impairment in PSP.
Scalable three‐dimensional hybrid continuum‐discrete multiscale modeling of granular media
Authors: Liang Weijian , Wu Huanran , Zhao Shiwei , Zhou Wei , Zhao Jidong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study presents a scalable three‐dimensional (3D) multiscale framework for continuum‐discrete modeling of granular materials. The proposed framework features rigorous coupling of a continuum‐based material point method (MPM) and a discrete approach discrete element method (DEM) to enable cross‐scale modeling of boundary value problems pertaining to granular media. It employs MPM to solve the governing equations of a macroscopic continuum domain for a boundary value problem that may undergo large deformation. The required loading‐path‐dependent constitutive responses at each material point of the MPM are provided by a DEM solution based on grain‐scale contact‐based discrete simulations that receive macroscopic information at the specific material point as boundary conditions. This hierarchical coupling enables direct dialogs between the macro and micro scales of granular media while fully harnessing the predictive advantages of both MPM and DEM at the two scales. An effective, scalable parallel scheme is further developed, based on the flat message passing interface (MPI) model, to address the computational cost of the proposed framework for 3D large‐scale simulations. We demonstrate that the proposed parallel scheme may offer up to 32X and 40X speedup in strong and weak scaling tests, respectively, significantly empowering the numerical performance and predictive capability of the proposed framework. The 3D parallelized multiscale framework is validated by an element test and a column collapse problem, before being applied to simulate the intrusion of a solid object. The multiscale simulation successfully captures the characteristic response of intrusion as postulated by the modified Archimedes' law theory. The progressive development of the stagnant zone during the intrusion is further examined from a cross‐scale perspective.
A p‐adaptive, implicit‐explicit mixed finite element method for diffusion‐reaction problems
Authors: Wakeni Mebratu F. , Aggarwal Ankush , Kaczmarczyk Łukasz , McBride Andrew T. , Athanasiadis Ignatios , Pearce Chris J. , Steinmann Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new class of implicit‐explicit (IMEX) methods combined with a ‐adaptive mixed finite element formulation is proposed to simulate the diffusion of reacting species. Hierarchical polynomial functions are used to construct a conforming base for the flux vectors, and a non‐conforming base for the mass concentration of the species. The mixed formulation captures the distinct nonlinearities associated with the flux constitutive equations and the reaction terms. The IMEX method conveniently treats these two sources of nonlinearity implicitly and explicitly, respectively, within a single time‐stepping framework. A reliable a posteriori error estimate is proposed and analyzed. A ‐adaptive algorithm based on the proposed a posteriori error estimate is also constructed. The combination of the proposed residual‐based a posteriori error estimate and hierarchical finite element spaces allows for the formulation of an efficient ‐adaptive algorithm. A series of numerical examples demonstrate the performance of the approach for problems involving travelling waves, and possessing discontinuities and singularities. The flexibility of the formulation is illustrated via selected applications in pattern formation and electrophysiology.
Subjective assessment of participants in education programs on clinical practice guidelines in the field of psychiatry
Authors: Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Numata Shusuke , Hasegawa Naomi , Nakataki Masahito , Makinodan Manabu , Ohi Kazutaka , Takeshima Masahiro , Tsuboi Takashi , Hashimoto Naoki , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Hori Hikaru , Ichihashi Kayo , Inagaki Takahiko , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Hishimoto Akitoyo , Sugiyama Nobuhiro , Fukumoto Kentaro , Nagasawa Tatsuya , Matsumoto Junya , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Furihata Ryuji , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Nakamura Toshinori , Usami Masahide , Miura Kenichiro , Fujimoto Michiko , Tagata Hiromi , Yamada Hisashi , Komatsu Hiroshi , Ochi Shinichiro , Atake Kiyokazu , Katsumoto Eiichi , Kido Mikio , Kishimoto Taishiro , Suwa Taro , Yamamura Satoshi , Iga Jun‐ichi , Iida Hitoshi , Inada Ken , Watanabe Koichiro , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE) project, which is a nationwide dissemination and implementation program for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in the field of psychiatry, is currently ongoing. In the current study, a subjective assessment of the participants in the EGUIDE programs was assessed using a questionnaire. Then, the relationships between the subjective assessment, the characteristics of the participants, and the clinical knowledge of the CPGs were evaluated. More than 90% of the participants gave a high rating for the components of content, recommendation, knowledge, skill, and adherence, but not for the component of confidence. A positive correlation was found between years of professional experience and the score of confidence. These results suggest that it may be necessary to apply the knowledge and skills of CPGs obtained in the education programs into practice to increase confidence in the proper use of psychiatric therapies based on CPGs.
The effect of nonpharmaceutical weight‐loss interventions in rural patients with diabetes: RE‐POWER Diabetes
Authors: Desouza Cyrus V. , Johnson‐Rabbett Brianna E. , Gajewski Byron , Brown Alexandra , Ellerbeck Edward F. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Befort Christie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this secondary analysis of the Rural Engagement in Primary Care for Optimizing Weight Reduction (RE‐POWER) randomized trial, the authors determined the effectiveness of weight‐loss interventions in people with diabetes compared with those without diabetes living in rural areas.MethodsThe RE‐POWER study was a randomized trial designed to determine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological behavioral weight‐loss interventions in rural participants with obesity, comparing the individual in‐clinic visit model to in‐person group sessions and phone group sessions over 24 months. In this secondary analysis, weight loss was compared in participants with and without diabetes. The effects of factors such as medications, insulin, and behavioral factors were compared.ResultsParticipants with diabetes were less likely to lose weight during the study compared with those without diabetes up to 18 months (4.12% vs. 5.31%; net difference = 1.46%; 95% CI: 0.63%‐2.28%). Participants with diabetes on insulin lost less weight than patients with diabetes not on insulin at 6 months (4.52% vs. 6.88%; net difference = 2.35%; 95% CI: 0.55%‐4.16%). The group with diabetes had significantly lower changes in blood pressure and lipid parameters versus the group without diabetes.ConclusionsPatients with diabetes in rural areas were less likely to lose weight, and metabolic parameters were less responsive to weight loss, compared with patients without diabetes.