bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of radiographic severity of massive rotator cuff tear
Authors: Furuhata Ryogo , Matsumura Noboru , Oki Satoshi , Nishikawa Takahiro , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Nakamura Masaya , Iwamoto Takuji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs massive rotator cuff tears progress, various radiographic changes occur; however, the factors associated with radiographic changes remain largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect radiographic severity in massive rotator cuff tears using multivariate analyses. We retrospectively reviewed 210 shoulders with chronic massive rotator cuff tears. The dependent variables were superior migration of the humeral head (Hamada grades 2–3), narrowing of the glenohumeral joint (grade 4), and humeral head collapse (grade 5). Baseline variables that were significant in univariate analyses were included in multivariate models. There were 91, 59, 43, and 17 shoulders classified as Hamada grades 1, 2–3, 4, and 5, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that infraspinatus tear (P = 0.015) and long head of biceps (LHB) tendon rupture (P = 0.007) were associated with superior migration of humeral head. Superior subscapularis tear (P = 0.003) and LHB tendon rupture (P < 0.001) were associated with narrowing of glenohumeral joint. Female sex (P = 0.006) and superior subscapularis tear (P = 0.006) were associated with humeral head collapse. This study identified the rupture of infraspinatus and LHB as risk factors of superior migration of humeral head, and the rupture of subscapularis and LHB and female sex as risk factors of cuff tear arthropathy.
Cerebellar engagement in the attachment behavioral system
Authors: Picerni Eleonora , Laricchiuta D. , Piras F. , Petrosini L. , Spalletta G. , Cutuli D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrain structural bases of individual differences in attachment are not yet fully clarified. Given the evidence of relevant cerebellar contribution to cognitive, affective, and social functions, the present research was aimed at investigating potential associations between attachment dimensions (through the Attachment Style Questionnaire, ASQ) and cerebellar macro- and micro-structural measures (Volumetric and Diffusion Tensor Imaging data). In a sample of 79 healthy subjects, cerebellar and neocortical volumetric data were correlated with ASQ scores at the voxel level within specific Regions Of Interest. Also, correlations between ASQ scores and age, years of education, anxiety and depression levels were performed to control for the effects of sociodemographic and psychological variables on neuroimaging results. Positive associations between scores of the Preoccupation with Relationships (ASQ subscale associated to insecure/anxious attachment) and cortical volume were found in the cerebellum (right lobule VI and left Crus 2) and neocortex (right medial OrbitoFrontal Cortex, OFC) regions. Cerebellar contribution to the attachment behavioral system reflects the more general cerebellar engagement in the regulation of emotional and social behaviors. Cerebellar properties of timing, prediction, and learning well integrate with OFC processing, supporting the regulation of attachment experiences. Cerebellar areas might be rightfully included in the attachment behavioral system.
Measuring internal inequality in capsule networks for supervised anomaly detection
Authors: Kirillov Bogdan , Panov Maxim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we explore the use of income inequality metrics such as Gini or Palma coefficients as a tool to identify anomalies via capsule networks. We demonstrate how the interplay between primary and class capsules gives rise to differences in behavior regarding anomalous and normal input which can be exploited to detect anomalies. Our setup for anomaly detection requires supervision in a form of known outliers. We derive several criteria for capsule networks and apply them to a number of Computer Vision benchmark datasets (MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, Kuzushiji-MNIST and CIFAR10), as well as to the dataset of skin lesion images (HAM10000) and the dataset of CRISPR-Cas9 off-target pairs. The proposed methods outperform the competitors in the majority of considered cases.
A comprehensive list of the Bunyavirales replication promoters reveals a unique promoter structure in Nairoviridae differing from other virus families
Authors: Neriya Yutaro , Kojima Shohei , Sakiyama Arata , Kishimoto Mai , Iketani Takao , Watanabe Tadashi , Abe Yuichi , Shimoda Hiroshi , Nakagawa Keisuke , Koma Takaaki , Matsumoto Yusuke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMembers of the order Bunyavirales infect a wide variety of host species, including plants, animals and humans, and pose a threat to public health. Major families in this order have tri-segmented negative-sense RNA genomes, the 5′ and 3′ ends of which form complementary strands that serve as a replication promoter. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which viral polymerases recognize the promoter to initiate RNA synthesis is important for understanding viral replication and pathogenesis, and developing antivirals. A list of replication promoter configuration patterns may provide details on the differences in the replication mechanisms among bunyaviruses. By using public sequence data of all known bunyavirus species, we constructed a comprehensive list of the replication promoters comprising 40 nucleotides in both the 5′ and 3′ ends of the genome that form a specific complementary strand. Among tri-segmented bunyaviruses, members of the family Nairoviridae, including the highly pathogenic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, have evolved a GC-rich promoter structure differing from that of other families. The unique promoter structure might be related to the large genome size of the family Nairoviridae among bunyaviruses, and the large genome architecture might confer pathogenic advantages. The promoter list provided in this report is useful for predicting the virus family-specific replication mechanisms of bunyaviruses.
Geochemical provenance of an Indo-Arabian stone anchor from Manikapatna highlights the medieval maritime trade of India
Authors: Tripati Sila , Ray Jyotiranjan S. , Behera Rudra Prasad , Babu Prakash , Mahala Milan Kumar , Kocherla Murali , Khedekar Vijay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndia is one of the oldest maritime nations in the world, and the overseas contacts date back to the third millennium BCE. Besides several archaeological vestiges, numerous stone anchors of various types have been documented during maritime archaeological explorations along the Indian littoral. During a recent maritime archaeological exploration, a broken Indo-Arabian stone anchor, of the Medieval period, was discovered along the Manikapatna coast of Odisha, Indian eastern littoral. In an attempt to determine the provenance of the anchor, we carried out a detailed petrographic, geochemical (major/trace elements) and Sr–Nd isotopic investigation. The results of our study reveal that the stone of the anchor had been cut out of a geologically young, vesicular, subalkalic basalt lava flow. Source fingerprinting done using petrographic, geochemical and isotopic data, suggests that contrary to the general perception, the anchor rock did not come from any local rock formations. All data point to the most likely scenario that the anchor rock was sourced from one of the lava flows of the Deccan Traps at Palitana in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, western India. This result confirms the existence of Medieval maritime trading between western and eastern Indian states.
The crystal structure of Cry78Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis provides insights into its insecticidal activity
Authors: Cao Beibei , Nie Yangfan , Guan Zeyuan , Chen Chuanyu , Wang Nancong , Wang Zeyu , Shu Changlong , Zhang Jie , Zhang Delin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGenetically modified plants with insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been successfully utilized to control various kinds of pests in crop production and reduce the abuse of pesticides. However, a limited number of genes are available for the protection of crops from rice planthopper. Recently, Cry78Aa protein from Bt strain C9F1 has been found to have high insecticidal activity against Laodelphax striatellus and Nilaparvata lugens. It is the first reported single-component protein in the world to combat rice planthoppers, making it very promising for use in transgenic crops. The ambiguous mechanism of Cry78Aa functions prevented further engineering or application. Here, we report the crystal structure of Cry78Aa, which consists of two domains: a C-terminal β-pore forming domain belonging to the aerolysin family and an N-terminal trefoil domain resembling the S-type ricin B lectin. Thus, Cry78Aa could represent a distinctive type of β-pore forming toxin. We also found that Cry78Aa binds carbohydrates such as galactose derivatives and is essential for insecticidal activity against Laodelphax striatellus. Our results suggest a mechanism underlying the function of Cry78Aa against rice planthoppers and pave the way to maximizing the usage of the toxin.
PYK2 senses calcium through a disordered dimerization and calmodulin-binding element
Authors: Momin Afaque A. , Mendes Tiago , Barthe Philippe , Faure Camille , Hong SeungBeom , Yu Piao , Kadaré Gress , Jaremko Mariusz , Girault Jean-Antoine , Jaremko Łukasz , Arold Stefan T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultidomain kinases use many ways to integrate and process diverse stimuli. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which the protein tyrosine kinase 2-beta (PYK2) functions as a sensor and effector of cellular calcium influx. We show that the linker between the PYK2 kinase and FAT domains (KFL) encompasses an unusual calmodulin (CaM) binding element. PYK2 KFL is disordered and engages CaM through an ensemble of transient binding events. Calcium increases the association by promoting structural changes in CaM that expose auxiliary interaction opportunities. KFL also forms fuzzy dimers, and dimerization is enhanced by CaM binding. As a monomer, however, KFL associates with the PYK2 FERM-kinase fragment. Thus, we identify a mechanism whereby calcium influx can promote PYK2 self-association, and hence kinase-activating trans-autophosphorylation. Collectively, our findings describe a flexible protein module that expands the paradigms for CaM binding and self-association, and their use for controlling kinase activity.
Time-sensitive prefrontal involvement in associating confidence with task performance illustrates metacognitive introspection in monkeys
Authors: Cai Yudian , Jin Zhiyong , Zhai Chenxi , Wang Huimin , Wang Jijun , Tang Yingying , Kwok Sze Chai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetacognition refers to the ability to be aware of one’s own cognition. Ample evidence indicates that metacognition in the human primate is highly dissociable from cognition, specialized across domains, and subserved by distinct neural substrates. However, these aspects remain relatively understudied in macaque monkeys. In the present study, we investigated the functionality of macaque metacognition by combining a confidence proxy, hierarchical Bayesian meta-d′ computational modelling, and a single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation technique. We found that Brodmann area 46d (BA46d) played a critical role in supporting metacognition independent of task performance; we also found that the critical role of this region in meta-calculation was time-sensitive. Additionally, we report that macaque metacognition is highly domain-specific with respect to memory and perception decisions. These findings carry implications for our understanding of metacognitive introspection within the primate lineage.
Stronger responses of soil protistan communities to legacy mercury pollution than bacterial and fungal communities in agricultural systems
Authors: Du Shuai , Li Xin-Qi , Hao Xiuli , Hu Hang-Wei , Feng Jiao , Huang Qiaoyun , Liu Yu-Rong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soil pollution is an important stressor affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, we lack a holistic understanding of how soil microbial communities respond to heavy metal pollution in agricultural ecosystems. Here, we explored the distribution patterns and inter-kingdom interactions of entire soil microbiome (including bacteria, fungi, and protists) in 47 paired paddy and upland fields along a gradient of legacy mercury (Hg) pollution. We found that the richness and composition of protistan community had stronger responses to Hg pollution than those of bacterial and fungal communities in both paddy and upland soils. Mercury polluted soils harbored less protistan phototrophs but more protistan consumers. We further revealed that long-term Hg pollution greatly increased network complexity of protistan community than that of bacterial and fungal communities, as well as intensified the interactions between protists and the other microorganisms. Moreover, our results consistently indicated that protistan communities had stronger responses to long-term Hg pollution than bacterial and fungal communities in agricultural soils based on structural equation models and random forest analyses. Our study highlights that soil protists can be used as bioindicators of Hg pollution, with important implications for the assessment of contaminated farmlands and the sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems.
Effects of Temporal Envelope Cutoff Frequency, Number of Channels, and Carrier Type on Brainstem Neural Representation of Pitch in Vocoded Speech
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Saradha , Luo Xin 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to determine if and how the subcortical neural representation of pitch cues in listeners with normal hearing is affected by systematic manipulation of vocoder parameters.

Method:

This study assessed the effects of temporal envelope cutoff frequency (50 and 500 Hz), number of channels (1–32), and carrier type (sine-wave and noise-band) on brainstem neural representation of fundamental frequency (
f
o
) in frequency-following responses (FFRs) to vocoded vowels of 15 young adult listeners with normal hearing.

Results:

Results showed that FFR
f
o
strength (quantified as absolute
f
o
magnitude divided by noise floor [NF] magnitude) significantly improved with 500-Hz vs. 50-Hz temporal envelopes for all channel numbers and both carriers except the 1-channel noise-band vocoder. FFR
f
o
strength with 500-Hz temporal envelopes significantly improved when the channel number increased from 1 to 2, but it either declined (sine-wave vocoders) or saturated (noise-band vocoders) when the channel number increased from 4 to 32. FFR
f
o
strength with 50-Hz temporal envelopes was similarly small for both carriers with all channel numbers, except for a significant improvement with the 16-channel sine-wave vocoder. With 500-Hz temporal envelopes, FFR
f
o
strength was significantly greater for sine-wave vocoders than for noise-band vocoders with channel numbers 1–8; no significant differences were seen with 16 and 32 channels. With 50-Hz temporal envelopes, the carrier effect was only observed with 16 channels. In contrast, there was no significant carrier effect for the absolute
f
o
magnitude. Compared to sine-wave vocoders, noise-band vocoders had a higher NF and thus lower relative FFR
f
o
strength.

Conclusions:

It is important to normalize the
f
o
magnitude relative to the NF when analyzing the FFRs to vocoded speech. The physiological findings reported here may result from the availability of
f
o
-related temporal periodicity and spectral sidelobes in vocoded signals and should be considered when selecting vocoder parameters and interpreting results in future physiological studies. In general, the dependence of brainstem neural phase-locking strength to
f
o
on vocoder parameters may confound the comparison of pitch-related behavioral results across different vocoder designs.
Resilient and event‐triggered sliding mode load frequency control for multi‐area power systems under hybrid cyber attacks
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Bai Dandan , Qiao Siwei , Xiao Gaoxi , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe attacks on power systems have been happening all the time, and gradually changing from a single attack to hybrid multiple cyber attacks. Such hybrid attacks may cause more catastrophic damages to the security and safety of multi‐area power systems. Here, the security control problem is analyzed for multi‐area power systems under hybrid cyber attacks. Two Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals are constructed, and by utilizing the second‐order canonical Bessel–Legendre inequality, sufficient conditions are derived for stability criteria under resilient event‐triggered mechanism. A bound with security performance is obtained under hybrid cyber attacks. A proper controller is synthesized to ensure that the trajectory of the multi‐area power systems can be driven onto the prescribed sliding surface. Finally, numerical examples and simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed scheme.
Image matching via progressive priors
Authors: Wang Weiqing , Sun Yongrong , Zhao Kedong , Liu Zhong , Luo Wenjun , Qin Jinchang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is a fundamental and challenging issue how to improve the accuracy of image matching in computer vision. To address this issue, an image matching method is proposed, which is via progressive priors of a putative dataset. Distance ratio antecedents of a presumptive dataset are initially employed to calculate a tentative deformation through geometric constraints. Progressive priors of the presumptive dataset, obtained by the tentative deformation, are then engaged to improve the accuracy of image matching by estimating a global deformation. The comparison experiments illustrate that our proposed method more effectively enhances the accuracy of image matching than six state‐of‐the‐art methods.
IterNet++: An improved model for retinal image segmentation by curvelet enhancing, guided filtering, offline hard‐sample mining, and test‐time augmenting
Authors: Zhu M. , Zeng K. , Lin G. , Gong Y. , Hao T. , Wattanachote K. , Luo X. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn clinical medicine, the segmentation of blood vessels in retinal images is essential for subsequent analysis in clinical diagnosis. However, retinal images are often noisy and their vascular structure is relatively tiny, which poses significant challenges for vessel segmentation. To improve the performance of vessel segmentation, an improved model IterNet++ based on the architecture of IterNet is proposed. First, curvelet signal analysis is applied to enhance retinal images. Second, residual convolution (ResConv) blocks and guided filters are introduced to utilise the encoder features of previous iterations in the model to reduce overfitting. Third, offline hard‐sample mining is used to improve segmentation performance by utilising training samples with low segmentation accuracy as many possible on a few‐sample training set. In addition, a test‐time augmentation method is applied to testing samples in test dataset during inference. Extensive experiments show that this model achieves Dice scores of 0.8313, 0.8277, and 0.8372 on DRIVE, CHASE‐DB1, and STARE datasets, respectively, demonstrating the best performance compared with IterNet and other baseline models.
A method of underwater bridge structure damage detection method based on a lightweight deep convolutional network
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Sun Heming , Song Taiyi , Zhang Tian , Meng Qinghang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe problem of the underwater structure disease of the bridge is increasingly obvious, which has seriously affected the safe operation of the bridge structure, so it is necessary to detect the underwater structure regularly. There are many kinds of bridge underwater structure diseases. This paper targets the bridge underwater structural crack diseases adopts multiple image recognition networks for verification, compares the advantages of different networks, and takes the YOLO‐v4 network as the main body to build a lightweight convolutional neural network.Mobilenetv3 replaced CSPDarkent as the backbone feature extraction network, while the feature layer scale of Mobilenetv3 was modified, and the extracted preliminary feature layer was input into the enhanced feature extraction network for feature fusion. The PANet networks are replaced by the depthwise separable convolution. Using ablation experiments to compare the performance of four algorithm combinations in lightweight networks. At the same time, the disease identification accuracy of each network and the performance of the network are tested in various experimental environments, and the feasibility of the lightweight network is verified in the application of bridge underwater structure damage identification.
Two‐dimensional synthetic aperture imaging of targets behind reinforced concrete walls
Authors: Ghobadi‐Rad Alireza , Tayarani Majid , Dehmollaian Mojtaba 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSynthetic aperture imaging of targets closely behind a reinforced concrete wall, modelled by a periodic structure by using the proper Green's function (GF) of the structure, is studied. To compute the GF accurately, using the rigorous coupled‐wave analysis (RCWA) is proposed. The radiation of a line source in the spectral domain as a summation of plane waves is represented. Illuminating the periodic structure by each plane wave, Bragg modes by RCWA are computed. Then, the GF is estimated as the superposition of all the Bragg modes' contributions. The numerical Finite Element Method results of COMSOL validate the results of our semi‐analytical approach. Having COMSOL numerically calculated backscattered fields of a target behind the wall and the simple free‐space GF, the synthetic aperture image of a target is not focussed. Employing the phase of the proper GF instead of the simple free‐space GF, the target image is successfully refocussed. The effect of the number of Bragg modes on the estimation of the GF and also uncertainties in the distances between reinforced metallic bars on the target image is investigated.
Kieferorthopädische Mesialisationstherapie der 7er bei nicht-erhaltungswürdigen MIH-Molaren – Indikation, Extraktionszeitpunkt und Prognose
Authors: Kirschneck Christian , Reichert Christoph , Proff Peter 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungBei von einer Molar-Inzisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) betroffenen Molaren stellt die Extraktionstherapie mit anschließendem kieferorthopädischem Lückenschluss durch Mesialisation der zweiten und – falls möglich – auch dritten Molaren einen validen Behandlungsansatz dar. Eine unreflektierte Extraktion hypomineralisierter Molaren ist aus kieferorthopädischer Sicht jedoch nicht gerechtfertigt. Bei einem gewissen Schweregrad der Hypomineralisation mit schlechter Langzeitprognose der MIH-Molaren und günstigen Faktoren für einen kieferorthopädischen Behandlungserfolg stellt sie jedoch einen validen Behandlungsansatz dar, der gewisse Vorteile gegenüber der prothetisch-restaurativen Therapie bietet. Die Entscheidung zur Extraktion von MIH-Molaren sollte jedoch nicht allein vom (Kinder-)Zahnarzt, Kieferorthopäden oder Kinderarzt getroffen werden, sondern immer gemeinsam nach umfassender interdisziplinärer Diagnostik und gemeinsamer Behandlungsplanung unter Berücksichtigung allgemeiner, lokaler und sekundärer Faktoren. Für den Erfolg der kieferorthopädischen Extraktionstherapie bei MIH ist die Wahl des optimalen Zeitpunkts für die Molarenextraktion in Abhängigkeit vorhandener Zahnengstände entscheidend. Eine frühzeitige Überweisung von Kindern mit MIH an den Kieferorthopäden und eine kieferorthopädische Untersuchung im frühen Wechselgebiss ist sinnvoll, um ein korrektes Timing der kieferorthopädischen Extraktionstherapie und des Lückenschlusses zu ermöglichen.