bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Wignall Liam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the current status of kinky sexual subcultures for young gay men in the United Kingdom is summarized, and potential future developments are discussed. The internet has allowed individuals to engage in kink practices without immersing themselves in kink communities; these individuals are termed non-community participants. In this chapter, links are drawn between research on non-community participants, the pup play subculture, and the role of the internet in helping these individuals explore kink interests. The chapter calls for a diversification and intensification of kink research, expanding demographics, locations, and topics studied under the kink umbrella. The chapter concludes with a final ethnographic excerpt of communicating these findings in a research environment.
Sovereignty主权
Authors: Gill Bates 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 addresses the second fundamental driver shaping the foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China (PRC): assertion and defense of the broadest possible claims of Chinese sovereignty. This chapter adopts an expansive definition of sovereignty, which includes the securing of strategic advantage at a regional and global level, protecting economic assets and PRC citizens abroad, accessing essential resources, and operating more freely from constraints Beijing sees in a U.S.-led, Western-oriented world order. The chapter explains why sovereignty occupies such a central place in PRC foreign policy and how Xi Jinping’s sharper, more expansive, and riskier approach to sovereignty differs from his predecessors’. This chapter also examines how the pursuit of sovereignty in certain “contested spaces”—the Himalayas, South China Sea, East China Sea, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Hong Kong—greatly exacerbates China’s foreign relationships, deeply affects perceptions of China abroad, and could be the source of conflict in the years ahead.
Wealth财富
Authors: Gill Bates 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 addresses the generation of national wealth and economic prosperity, the third key driver of the People’s Republic of China’s foreign policy. The chapter describes how the pursuit of economic development has been a constant element in China’s foreign policy as it bolsters Chinese Communist Party legitimacy and contributes to amassing national power and achieving national rejuvenation. Chapter 4 also explains why and how the pursuit of national wealth depended—and continues to depend—so heavily on relations with the outside world. The chapter identifies critically important and persistent challenges facing the PRC economy—such as diminishing productivity, aging population, growing socioeconomic disparities, and the threat of the “middle income trap”—and a number of initiatives launched by Xi Jinping to address them. These include the Belt and Road Initiative, Made in China 2025, and the “dual circulation” strategy, all of which have significant implications for Beijing’s foreign relations.
Leadership领导权
Authors: Gill Bates 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines China’s pursuit of greater leadership roles across a range of international activities. Following an explanation of the People’s Republic of China’s approach to international leadership in the past, the chapter goes on to show how and why, under Xi Jinping, China’s aim to take on greater leadership roles and “move closer to center stage” is an increasingly prominent objective animating PRC foreign policy. It also details numerous examples of China’s leadership pursuits: expanded contributions and leadership positions within the United Nations system; establishment of new multilateral institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the New Development Bank, and the “17 + 1” process linking China with Central and Eastern European countries; and aspirations to leadership in emerging fields of governance and technology, including in mitigating climate change, managing cyberspace, addressing global health challenges, and setting standards in advanced technological fields.
Ontopolitics
Authors: Sheth Falguni A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the Foucauldian frameworks of governmentality and regulation as they undergird the treatment of Muslim women in the context of a liberal discourse that insists that individuals are free to act and dress as they wish. Muslim women are often dismissed as being unruly or defiant for wearing hijab, even as non-conformity is read as a brave choice among white men and women. By contrast, the visages of Muslim women are held against them as a mark of their unwarranted defiance. When they assert their rights in courts and government institutions, they are dismissed as misguided or backwards in their cultural commitment. Moreover, they are expected to aspire to be part of the polity and refused the chance to succeed. This unbearable situation is called excruciation.
Anxieties of Liberalism
Authors: Sheth Falguni A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the language and primary ideas through which liberal discourse conceals its management of colonial subjects: through concepts such as secularism, freedom, and different understandings of religious accommodation. It contrasts the French treatment of the hijab in contrast to the U.S. approach of allowing markets and courts to settle anti-discrimination claims. It reviews various liberal thinkers, such as John Locke, J.S. Mill, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Susan Okin, in their approaches to colonial subjects and Muslim women. Liberal feminism demands that colonial subjects qua women of color be liberated, but the gauge of freedom is whether they appear to be free in the same way as Western secular liberal feminine subjects. Muslim women of color are subject to neoliberal standards of emancipation measures in the workplace in order to appear free to satisfy liberal anxieties about whether freedom is being “properly” enacted.
Discrimination, Neoliberalism, and Suitable Women
Authors: Sheth Falguni A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In 2009, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) sued Abercrombie and Fitch (A&F), a major clothing retailer, for religious discrimination in the workplace on behalf of Samantha Elauf. They charged that A&F refused to hire Elauf because she wore the hijab. In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Elauf, agreeing that Abercrombie and Fitch had discriminated against Elauf on religious grounds. The case was widely heralded as a definitive stance against the discrimination of Muslim women. Yet, there have been numerous religious discrimination cases that never made it to the Supreme Court, which often ruled in favor of the employer or institution being sued. This chapter argues that the Abercrombie and Fitch was not an exception, but rather followed a long held practice of inducing women to dress “professionally,” or in a secular, “American” mode of dress that is encouraged Western liberal free market societies. Through a neoliberal regime of regulation, abiding by neocolonial qua Western, secular, standards of discrimination, United States judiciaries are complicit in enforcing such culturally hegemonic “secular” and sexist practices.
A Case
Authors: Levine Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Montgomery bus boycott of 1955–1956 was a successful social movement that exemplified civic deliberation and action. The organizers faced problems of collective action, such as free-riding, path-dependence, oligarchy, boundary problems, and principal/agent conflicts; problems of discourse, such as ideology and propaganda; injustice based on identity distinctions; and human cognitive limitations, such as implicit bias and motivated reasoning. They built alternative institutions that effectively challenged white supremacy. They made choices regarding objectives, tactics, targets, and rhetoric that can be debated.
The Bloomington School and the Citizen as Solver of Collective-Action Problems
Authors: Levine Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Garrett Hardin coined the phrase “tragedy of the commons.” Elinor Ostrom showed that this is actually a drama whose outcome depends on the human actors. She demonstrated that state control and privatization are not the only two solutions. People can manage their own common-pool resources. Design principles that increase the odds of success can be found around the world. Since individuals are nested in many overlapping and layered systems for managing shared resources, governance is always polycentric. More polycentricity is generally desirable; centralization is problematic. This theory is valuable for addressing problems of collective action but less useful for handling disagreements or uncertainty about values or problems of exclusion and oppression.
A Case
Authors: Levine Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Black Lives Matter, the largest nonviolent social movement in US history, rejects exclusion, promotes public discourse, and proposes ways to promote public safety as a common pool resource without resort to state power. It prompts questions that are generally relevant to social movements in the twenty-first century: issues of social capital, leadership, respectability politics, policy proposals, methods for decision-making, and relationships to authorities.
Selling the Nightingale
Authors: Waksman Steve 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Swedish concert singer Jenny Lind made her American debut on September 11, 1850, at New York’s Castle Garden. At the time that she first arrived in the US, Lind was far from the first foreign musical celebrity to tour the country. But no previous touring artist engendered such widespread desires, such longing to hear her treasured voice and see her expressive countenance; nor did any previous artist give rise to such an explosion of efforts to represent her, both verbal and visual. Above all, no earlier touring artists, and few who came in the following decades, were met with such crowds at every turn. With Jenny Lind, music entered the American public sphere in a new way. It became part of something akin to what would, in the twentieth century, become termed “mass culture.” Performing just a year after cultural divisions had erupted in New York with the Astor Place Riot, Lind and her manager, P.T. Barnum, sought to present the singer as an icon of ideal femininity whose appeal crossed divisions of gender, race, and class. Yet they could not escape the social divisions of the era, and Lind’s concert tour was increasingly beset by conflict as it proceeded.
Crowds, Chaos, and Community
Authors: Waksman Steve 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Music festivals mattered to the larger development of American live music along multiple fronts in the two decades following the founding of the Newport Jazz Festival. Most saliently, festivals helped to push the business of live music more and more toward large-scale production, laying the groundwork for the arena and stadium rock economy. Because they so often had an aura of idealism surrounding them, however, music festivals could never be reduced to strictly commercial ventures. The combination of scale and singularity gave festivals the aura they would come to possess and made them flash points for contests over cultural values that coursed through the musical styles put on stage. This chapter traces the development of US music festivals from the establishment of the Newport Jazz Festival in 1954, to the Newport Folk Festival in 1959, and then into the era of the rock festival in the late 1960s. In jazz and folk alike—and in rock, where the influence of both would loom large—festivals came to stand for a host of tensions that characterized the social role of popular music in the post-war era.
Advanced Theory of Mind
Authors: Miller Scott A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Theory of mind (i.e., beliefs about the mental world) has been perhaps the most heavily researched topic in developmental psychology for close to 30 years. Most research has concentrated on the first 5 years of life, a time period during which a number of important developmental changes occur. No one, however, has ever believed that the development of theory of mind is complete by age 5, and recent years have seen the growth of a substantial research literature directed to further developments across the middle childhood and adolescent years. This book brings together this large and diverse body of work. Four interrelated themes recur throughout the book. One concerns the descriptive picture for the target of study: What is the nature of theory of mind across different parts of the lifespan? In particular, how does the study of advanced developments add to the well-documented problems and achievements of the first 5 years? A second theme concerns how to explain the developmental changes that are observed, both the commonalties that characterize development and individual differences in the speed or the extent of mastery. A third theme concerns the effects of theory of mind on other aspects of development. Of interest are both individual differences within the normative range and the effects of clinical conditions, most notably autism. A final theme is the theoretical question of how best to characterize advanced theory of mind. A central issue is whether theories designed to explain early developments can be successfully extended to more advanced forms of understanding.
A Song Serves as a Study for the Third Movement
Authors: Bernstein Lawrence F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 considers Mahler’s song “Des Antonius von Padua Fischpredigt” for voice and piano, which he intended as a study for the Scherzo of the Second Symphony. The poem comes from Des Knaben Wunderhorn (Youth’s Magical Horn), whose editors altered its ancient narrative about St. Anthony preaching to the fish, adding a note of bitter irony. In the Wunderhorn redaction, after listening approvingly to St. Anthony’s sermon, the fish revert to their old ways, rendering the saint’s mission meaningless. In his setting, Mahler offers a musical metaphor for the meaninglessness inherent in the outcome of St. Anthony’s sermon by first appearing to adopt standard song forms in his music, only to abandon them. In doing so, he obscures the formal meaning such schema normally provide. Much of the irony and humor in the song is conveyed by the piano accompaniment rather than by the vocal lines.
The Third Movement: Scherzo and Trio
Authors: Bernstein Lawrence F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 shows that Mahler intended the third movement of his Second Symphony to portray the meaninglessness of life. To achieve this aim, he draws on the topos of meaninglessness from the song discussed in Chapter 5, basing the scherzo on the St. Anthony song. The music of the song appears in the scherzo without the words, but Mahler conveys a sense of meaninglessness nonetheless by omitting much of the song’s cogent melody, relying more on its accompaniment. The trio, which emulates that of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony, is interrupted by a paraphrase of music from Hans Rott’s E Major Symphony. Mahler greatly admired Rott, whose life was senselessly cut short at a young age. The quotation thus expresses another poignant dimension of meaninglessness. Near the end of the movement, Mahler introduces a grisly orchestral “scream,” meant to convey the disgust one feels on experiencing a life devoid of meaning.
Virtue and the History of the Modern American University
Authors: Reuben Julie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of moral formation as an important aim of American higher education. It explains how the creation of modern universities led to the marginalization of moral education, examines various efforts in the twentieth century to create new forms of moral education, and explores the reasons for the relative success and failure of these efforts. It concludes with a brief discussion of the conditions of contemporary American higher education and concludes that they are not conducive to a strong program of moral education.
Virtue, the German University, and the Limits of Critique
Authors: Wellmon Chad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter draws on Max Weber’s lecture on the vocation of scholarship to consider the long-standing debate about the relation between the modern university’s pursuit of specialized, scientific knowledge and its role in moral formation—the debate between Wissenschaft and Bildung in the German context, and between the diverse approaches of liberal arts colleges and research universities in the United States. It focuses in particular on the virtue of “intellectual rectitude” and concludes that universities do have their own ethical commitments, resources, and practices and their own important, though proximate, goods, all of which they can draw on while engaging or partnering with other moral traditions and resources.
The Eclipse of Virtue in the University and Wider Society
Authors: O’Neill Onora 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Teaching virtue in universities has become problematic both because universities have changed and because ethics has changed. Universities have changed because students are no longer seen as minors and because they are regulated in ways that do not fit well with the aim of inculcating virtue. Ethics has changed because it no longer addresses the classical agent’s question, “What ought I do?” so no longer covers the full range of duties, including both those seen as matters of justice and those seen as virtues. During the twentieth century, a narrower focus on rights and their counterpart duties has been widely accepted. Starting with rights provides a framework for an account of justice but is too narrow to support an account of ethics that offers an account of the virtues.
Closing the Character Gap
Authors: Miller Christian B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter is structured around an imaginary conversation between the author and a university president. Topics include what a virtue is, what the list of virtues looks like, why it is important to foster virtue in the university, whether students should be the primary focus of efforts to cultivate virtue in universities, and whether we should assume that most students are virtuous, vicious, or neither to begin with. The chapter ends by focusing on the virtue of honesty in particular. It first clarifies some of the philosophical issues and experimental findings which pertain to this virtue. Then it briefly outlines some strategies for fostering honesty in university students.
The Beneficial Effects of Cultivating Gratitude in the University
Authors: Morgan Blaire , Gulliford Liz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Taking gratitude as an example, this chapter considers how character and virtue can be cultivated in universities while simultaneously recognizing the diverse ways in which virtues might be understood and valued. With reference to multicomponent perspectives on virtue, the chapter outlines the conceptual issues surrounding gratitude and how they have informed the conceptualization and measurement of gratitude as a multifaceted construct comprising cognitive, affective, attitudinal, and behavioral elements. The chapter then considers how the virtue of gratitude might be cultivated in universities with reference to its complex nature and multicomponent structure. It recommends that gratitude (and character and virtue more broadly) be explored with intellectual rigor, appropriate critical engagement, and an opportunity for open debate. In support of cultivating character and virtue in universities, the chapter offer examples of incorporating gratitude into new and existing university programs and considers barriers to incorporating gratitude within higher education contexts.
Forming Virtuous Character
Authors: Collicutt Joanna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter brings together insights from the practice of rehabilitation medicine, positive psychology, and Christian theology to identify a set of principles that could inform a virtuous higher education institution whose overall aim is the cultivation of wisdom for the whole of life, including its ending. These principles focus on the development of a clear sense of personal and social identity; positive self-worth and humility; attentiveness to the social and natural environment; the ability to balance different life areas appropriately; openness to “the other”; compassion; resilience; and the integration of different forms and areas of knowledge. The chapter argues that developments in the field of positive psychology offer a potentially rich resource of evidence-based practices that can be used to embed these principles in a learning community.
Cultivating Virtue by Reading Jane Austen
Authors: Richard Jessica 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers another way of thinking of Jane Austen as a “moral” writer, neither as a writer who inculcates traditional values, whether through affirmation or satire, nor as one who subverts them. Instead, this chapter presents Pride and Prejudice as a text that interrogates the very definition of virtue, not in order to offer its own definition or standard of virtue, but to highlight virtue’s elusiveness. In the end, the chapter suggests that the recognition of virtue’s elusiveness becomes itself a virtuous practice. How can we assess the virtue of others? What are the markers or signs of virtue? How can we know if the people we meet are good people? These questions animate the novel’s plot. Pride and Prejudice shows characters wrestling with this challenge and, through Austen’s use of particular techniques of fictional form, gives readers practice in it as well.
The Many Faces of Credulitas
Authors: Tutino Stefania 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This book is about the relationship among belief, credibility, and credulity in post-Reformation Catholicism. It argues that, starting from the end of the sixteenth century and due to different political, intellectual, cultural, and theological factors, credibility assumed a central role in post-Reformation Catholic discourse. This led to an important reconsideration of the relationship between natural reason and supernatural grace and consequently to novel and significant epistemological and moral tensions. From the perspective of the relationship among credulity, credibility, and belief, early modern Catholicism emerges not as the apex of dogmatism and intellectual repression, but rather as an engine for promoting the importance of intellectual judgment in the process of embracing faith. To be sure, finding a balance between conscience and authority was not easy for early modern Catholics. This book seeks to elucidate some of the difficulties, anxieties, and tensions caused by the novel insistence on credibility that came to dominate the theological and intellectual landscape of the early modern Catholic Church. In addition to shedding light on early modern Catholic culture, this book helps us to understand better what it means to believe. For the most part, in modern Western society we don’t believe in the same things as our early modern predecessors. Even when we do believe in the same things, it is not in the same way. But believe we do, and thus understanding how early modern people addressed the question of belief might be useful as we grapple with the tension among credibility, credulity, and belief.