bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste Cooking Oil Management in Egypt: Production of Biodiesel-Development of Rapid Test Method
Authors: Mohamed Marwa , Sherif Nourhan , Aboelazayem Omar , Elazab Hany A. , Gadalla Mamdouh , Saha Basudeb 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
According to the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC) report in 2017, Egypt produced 500,000 tonnes of WCO from various resources including food industries, restaurants and hotels. Based on our previous funded project, we have reported unique properties for Egyptian WCO as it has very high range acidity (≈18 mg KOH/ g oil) due to the extensive usage of oil in the cooking process. Further, the repeated heating of cooking oil for long time produces carcinogenic compounds that have significant impact on people health. On the other hand, high acidity WCO could be valorised into soap, biodiesel and value added chemicals. However, most of these industries requires costly pre-treatment for the WCO to reduce the acidity prior processing. Accordingly, the WCO should be produced within a guideline of specified properties that could detect if it has been extensively used. Low-acidity WCO will prevent several health consequences for Egyptian people and allow industries to easily valorise it into value added chemicals and fuels. The waste cooking oil was subjected to filtration before being fed to the reactor the produced biodiesel was treated to remove any methanol and the characteristics of the final product was compared with the international standards. This work develops a guideline for WCO quality testing to ensure that it has not been extensively used in cooking process. The work also applies supercritical conditions to convert WCO into biodiesel. The response surface methodology was used to conclude the optimum conditions to produce biodiesel.
Implementing Nanocomposite Shear Thickening Fluid to Improve The Impact Resistance of Polyamide Fabrics Against Intermediate Velocity Projectiles
Authors: Mankarious Remon A , Radwan Mostafa A , Roushdy M H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe novelty of this research is the synthesis and comparison of a soft liquid composite shield made from two different Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) / Polyamide fabric composite material and choosing the best one for impact resistance based on characterization and performance. The STFs microstructural properties are characterized, and STF / Polyamide composites are prepared while testing their ballistic resistance using an air gun with intermediate velocities (<100 m/s) for energy absorption. Materials used for this purpose are fumed silica with polyethylene glycol (PEG) STF and starch with water STF based dispersions. The results confirmed the superior performance of STF to absorb energy, especially for starch and water system. The rheological properties for starch/water STF showed higher viscosity than silica/PEG reaching 523.6 Pa.s and 178.9 Pa.s respectively. Other characterization tests proved the superior performance of starch with water STF leading to more dispersion stability and obvious thickening effect at higher particle concentration leading to a greater jump in viscosity at sudden shear rate. The highest concentration of silica/PEG STF/fabric showed improvement in indentation depth by 26.9%, while the starch/water STF by 43.6%. These results show the viability of the STF/Polyamide composite material if integrated for personal protection applications.
Impurity effects on Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces: A comparison with conventional BCS pairing
Authors: Hoshino Shintaro , Miki Tatsuya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The superconductors can have a Fermi surface even below the transition temperature, which is known as the Bogoliubov Fermi surface. Focusing on the degrees of freedom at low energies, which are described by the spinless Bogoliubov particles for the case without time-reversal symmetry, we consider the self-energy from the impurity scattering on the Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces. The physical quantities such as the density of states are evaluated based on the single-particle Green’s functions. We systematically compare these results with those of the conventional s-wave spin-singlet pairing state, to illuminate the characteristic features of the Bogoliubov particles located at the Fermi level.
Crystal structure and superconductivity of NaAlSi1–x
Ge
x
single crystals
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Hirai Daigorou , Ikenobe Toshiya , Yamane Hisanori , Hiroi Zenji 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
NaAlSi and NaAlGe are nodal-line semimetals with an anti-PbFCl type structure. The former is a superconductor with a transition temperature Tc
of 7 K, while the latter does not exhibit superconductivity. We prepared single crystals of solid solution NaAlSi1–x
Ge
x
by the Na–Ga flux method and investigated their crystal structures and superconductivity by X-ray structural analysis and magnetization measurements, respectively. The crystal structure parameters vary continuously with x, while the Tc
initially decreases gradually from 6.9 K for x = 0 to 5.6 K for x = 0.33 and then decreases rapidly to below 1.8 K for x = 0.45. This sudden variation in Tc
at x ~ 0.4 may not be explained by the decrease in phonon frequency due to the Ge substitution, but suggests an unusual change in the electronic structure, in spite that the calculated band structures of the end members are almost identical with nearly equal density of states.
75As NMR studies on iron-based La1111 superconductors in lightly and heavily electron doped states
Authors: Kouchi T , Yoshinaga K , Nishioka S , Shiota T , Yashima M , Mukuda H , Kuroki K , Miyasaka S , Tajima S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report 75As NMR experiments in heavily electron-doped LaFePnO0.75H0.25 (Pn=As1−x
Sb
x
and As1−x′
P
x′
) compounds with the maximum

T
c

max

(
∼
33.1
K
)

, and compare with the previous results in lightly electron-doped LaFePn(O,F) compounds. The Tc
of this series can be sensitively controlled by the pnictogen height (hPn
) through the substitution at Pn site, and the electron doping level through the substitution at the O site with H or F. In heavily electron-doped LaFePnO(La1111) compounds, we found that spin fluctuations at low-energies were moderately suppressed upon cooling in the Sb-substituted high Tc
compounds with high hPn
(x ≥ 0), although they are completely suppressed in P-substituted non-superconducting compounds (x′ ≥ 0.2) with lower hPn
. This feature is largely different from that in the lightly doped La1111 compounds with the well-nested Fermi surfaces, where the spin fluctuations are critically enhanced upon cooling. Here, we present the characteristics of spin fluctuations over wide doping region of La1111-based compounds, and discuss the relationship with the superconductivity.
Vortex Dynamics and Critical Current Densities in 90 K-phase and 60 K-phase YBa2Cu3O7−δ
with Splayed Columnar Defects
Authors: Wang J , Ito N , Pyon S , Nishizaki T , Tamegai T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Enhancement of critical current density (J
c) was observed in YBa2Cu3O7−δ
with splayed columnar defects (CDs). In the case of 90 K-phase YBa2Cu3O7−δ
with splayed CDs, the enhanced J
c drops suddenly at the depinning temperature of vortices from CDs (T
dp), which is interpreted to be caused by the excitation of double kinks traversing neighboring CDs. In addition to the optimal 90 K-phase, where the superconductivity dominates, there is another stable 60 K-phase and other phases with different T
c. This study reports temperature dependence of J
c and the step-like decrease of J
c in YBa2Cu3O7−δ
with CDs and with different T
c. Results show that the T
dp is strongly related to the T
c. However, additional entropic reduction of T
dp may depend on parameters other than T
c.
Study on performance improvement of superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) with superconducting tape
Authors: Iwasaki S , Kinoshita Y , Ishii H , Otabe E S , Nakasaki T , Suzuki K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we calculated the repulsive force of magnetic levitation for superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) using the finite element method. Conventionally, SUAM utilizes bulk superconductors; here, we propose a magnetic levitation tool using superconducting tape. To obtain a stronger repulsive force, we fabricated various SUAM models and performed calculations. The results showed that we could obtain a strong repulsive force by arranging six superconducting tape pieces radially at equal intervals from the center of the SUAM tool, shortening the distance between the layers, and making the tape trapezoidal in shape. By increasing the number of layers, we can expect to achieve a greater repulsive force than that obtained with bulk superconductors.
PySQIF, a Statistical Analysis Tool for Bi-SQUID Magnetometers
Authors: Akgun A , Razmkhah S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Superconductor loops with Josephson junctions such as SQUIDs and Bi-SQUID have unique properties that can be used as quantum accurate magnetometers, amplifiers, and many more applications. However, due to quantum interference between junctions and their nonlinear nature, their interaction with magnetic fields is hard to analyze. In this work, we introduce an open-source library titled PySQIF that determines the voltage response of the SQUIDs and Bi-SQUIDs in the presence of the external magnetic flux and can determine the design parameter margins by a statistical approach. This library was used to design and fabricate a Bi-SQUID magnetometer.
Narrow-area Bragg-edge transmission of iron samples using superconducting neutron sensor
Authors: Vu The Dang , Shishido Hiroaki , Aizawa Kazuya , Oku Takayuki , Oikawa Kenichi , Harada Masahide , Kojima Kenji M. , Miyajima Shigeyuki , Soyama Kazuhiko , Koyama Tomio , Hidaka Mutsuo , Suzuki Soh Y. , Tanaka Manobu M. , Malins Alex , Machida Masahiko , Ishida Takekazu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigates a current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID) performance by investigating Bragg-edge spectra from the restricted-area neuron transmission of materials. Iron samples with a size of 5 × 5 ×2 mm3 were used as typical test materials. The ergodic theorem was used to obtain a visible transmission spectrum so that a long-time averaging of a transmission spectrum can alternatively be evaluated using a space average of independently selected area spectra with the same ensemble size. The most visible edges were observed with a limited area sample of 0.43 mm2 using a minimum time bin of 25 μs in a time-of-flight (ToF) spectrum or a wavelength resolution of 0.0007 nm of each neutron pulse at beamline BL10 of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) center. The main Bragg edge of iron as a sum of random 100 ensembles (with an ensemble size of 3.1 × 2.3 μm2) thus obtained has a distinctive signal-to-noise ratio and can be fitted well with the Rietveld Imaging of Transmission Spectra (RITS) program with Miller indices. We consider that our CB-KID system is, in principle, able to analyze the Bragg edge of samples as small as 3.1 × 2.3 μm2.
Braiding Operations for a Topological Josephson Junction Array using SFQ Current Pulses
Authors: Funazawa Takuro , Naruse Masato , Myoren Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Majorana bound states (MBSs) can occur in topological Josephson junction (JJ) arrays with the presence of a fractional vortex with 2π-phase winding. It has been theoretically shown that the braiding operation can be achieved by using current pulses, compatible with single flux quantum (SFQ) technology. Therefore, we designed an SFQ logic circuit for the braiding operations of the topological JJ array using single flux quanta in a conventional JJ array. Braiding operations could be realized by an SFQ logic circuit with double flux quantum driver. To obtain positive and negative current pulses using the SFQ logic circuit, we used SFQ logic circuits with ac biasing for simulation. Finally, we confirmed the CNOT operation using an array-type SFQ circuit by means of simulation and estimated the CNOT operation speed.
Characterisation of irradiated and non-irradiated silicon sensors with a table-top two photon absorption TCT system
Authors: Pape S. , Fernández García M. , Moll M. , Montero R. , Palomo F.R. , Vila I. , Wiehe M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A tabletop Two Photon Absorption-Transient Current Technique (TPA-TCT) set-up built at CERN was used to investigate a non-irradiated PIN diode, an irradiated PIN diode, and a non-irradiated 5 × 5-multipad HPK LGAD. The intrinsic three dimensional spatial resolution of this method is demonstrated under normal incidence of the laser probe. A charge collection versus depth profile of the non-irradiated PIN diode is presented, where reflection on the rear silicon-air interface was observed. It is found that the time-over-threshold versus depth profile is particularly suitable to determine the boundaries of the DUT’s active volume. A depth scan of the irradiated PIN diode is discussed and a method to omit the single photon absorption background is presented. Finally, a charge collection measurement in the inter-pad region of the 5 × 5-multipad HPK LGAD is presented and it is demonstrated that TPA-TCT can be used to image the implantation and the electric field of segmented silicon devices in a three dimensional manner.
Harmonic forms on asymptotically ADS metrics
Authors: Franchetti Guido , Sánchez Galán Raúl 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study the rotationally invariant harmonic cohomology of a two-parameter family of Einstein metrics g which admits a cohomogeneity one action of SU(2) × U(1) and has AdS asymptotics. Depending on the values of the parameters, g is either of NUT type, if the fixed-point locus of the U(1) action is zero-dimensional, or of bolt type, if it is two-dimensional. We find that if g is of NUT type then the space of SU(2)-invariant harmonic two-forms is three-dimensional and consists entirely of self-dual forms; if g is of bolt type it is four-dimensional. In both cases we explicitly determine a basis. The pair (g, F) for F a self-dual harmonic two-form is also a solution of the bosonic sector of 4D supergravity. We determine for which choices it is a supersymmetric solution and the amount of preserved supersymmetry.
Electronic structure of lattice relaxed alternating twist tNG-multilayer graphene: from few layers to bulk AT-graphite
Authors: Leconte Nicolas , Park Youngju , An Jiaqi , Samudrala Appalakondaiah , Jung Jeil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alternating twist (AT) multilayer graphene systems are at the heart of recent research efforts on flat band superconductivity and therefore precise descriptions of their atomic and electronic structures are desirable. We present the electronic structure of AAʹAAʹ… stacked AT N-layer (tNG) graphene for

N
=

3-10, 20 layers and bulk AT graphite systems where the atomic structure is relaxed using a molecular dynamics simulation code. The low energy bands depend sensitively on the relative sliding between the layers but we show explicitly up to N = 6 that the highly symmetric AA′AA′. . . stacking is energetically preferred among all interlayer sliding geometries of each added layer, justifying why experimental devices consistently show results compatible with this geometry. It is found that lattice relaxation enhances electron–hole asymmetry, and leads to small reductions of the magic angle values with respect to analytical or continuum model calculations with fixed tunneling strengths that we quantify from few layers to bulk AT-graphite. The twist angle error tolerance near the magic angles obtained by maximizing the density of states of the nearly flat bands expand progressively from 0.05∘ for twisted bilayer graphene to up to 0.2∘ for AT-graphite, hence allowing a greater twist angle flexibility in multilayers. We further comment on the role of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields in modifying the electronic structure of the system and how the decoupling of tNG multilayers bands allows mapping onto those of periodic AT-graphite’s at different k

z
values.
Silicene’s pervasive surface alloy on Ag(111): a scaffold for two-dimensional growth
Authors: Küchle Johannes T , Baklanov Aleksandr , Seitsonen Ari P , Ryan Paul T P , Feulner Peter , Pendem Prashanth , Lee Tien-Lin , Muntwiler Matthias , Schwarz Martin , Haag Felix , Barth Johannes V , Auwärter Willi , Duncan David A , Allegretti Francesco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Silicene, the two-dimensional (2D) allotrope of silicon, is a promising material for electronics. So far, the most direct synthesis strategy has been to grow it epitaxially on metal surfaces; however, the effect of the strong silicon-metal interaction on the structure and electronic properties of the metal-supported silicene is generally poorly understood. In this work, we consider the

4
×
4

-silicene monolayer (ML) grown on Ag(111), probably the most illustrious representative of the 2D silicon family, and show that our experimental results refute the common interpretation of this system as a simple buckled, honeycomb ML with a sharp interface to the Ag substrate. Instead, the presented analysis demonstrates the pervasive presence of a second silicon species, which we conclude to be a Si–Ag alloy stacked between the 2D silicene and the silver substrate and scaffolding the 2D silicene layer. These findings question the current structural understanding of the silicene/Ag(111) interface and may raise expectations of analogous alloy systems in the stabilization of other 2D materials grown epitaxially on metal surfaces.
Study on the performance of environmental micro-surfacing for exhaust purification
Authors: Li Zhenxia , Guo Tengteng , Chen Yuanzhao , Yang Mingzhu , Wang Ning , Wang Jing , Jin Lihui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to endow pavement materials with environmental protection properties such as automobile exhaust purification, an environmentally friendly micro-surfacing material with exhaust purification was prepared. Functional materials with photocatalytic activity were prepared by sol-gel method. The best preparation scheme of composite modified asphalt was determined by comparative test. The mix proportion of micro-surfacing mixture was designed to determine the optimal preparation process of micro-surfacing. Based on rutting test, wet wheel wear test and pendulum test, the road performance of protective environmental micro-surfacing with exhaust purification function is studied. An exhaust gas purification test equipment is improved to determine the test method and analyze the exhaust gas purification performance of protective environmental micro-surfacing materials. The results showed that when the molecular weight ratio of Ti : N : Fe was 1 : 0.7 : 0.005, the photocatalytic performance of the prepared environmental functional material with tail gas purification effect was the best. The availability of photocatalytic materials is increased, and the photocatalytic performance is the optimum. When 3% functional materials and 5% SBR latex are used as composite modifier of emulsified asphalt, the consistency, cracking resistance and high temperature performance of composite modified emulsified asphalt are the optimum. The micro-surfacing mixture prepared with 7% oil-stone ratio and 6%–7% external water has good high temperature stability, water stability and skid resistance. When the molecular weight ratio of Ti : N : Fe is 1 : 0.7 : 0.005, the HC purification efficiency reaches 12%, the CO purification efficiency reaches 15%, and the NOX purification efficiency reaches 30%, which has good road performance and exhaust purification effect.
Reflexivity of Newton–Okounkov bodies of partial flag varieties
Authors: Steinert Christian 
Published: August 2022

Assume that the valuation semigroup

Γ
(
λ
)

\Gamma (\lambda )

of an arbitrary partial flag variety corresponding to the line bundle

L
λ

\mathcal {L_\lambda }

constructed via a full-rank valuation is finitely generated and saturated. We use Ehrhart theory to prove that the associated Newton–Okounkov body — which happens to be a rational, convex polytope — contains exactly one lattice point in its interior if and only if

L

λ

\mathcal {L}_\lambda

is the anticanonical line bundle. Furthermore, we use this unique lattice point to construct the dual polytope of the Newton–Okounkov body and prove that this dual is a lattice polytope using a result by Hibi. This leads to an unexpected, necessary and sufficient condition for the Newton–Okounkov body to be reflexive.
Prioritizing Patient Safety and Minimizing Waste: Institutional Review of Cases and a Proposed Process for Designing a Surgical Pathology Gross-Only Examination Policy
Authors: Harris Cynthia K , Pyden Alexander , Onken Allison M , Yarsky Benjamin , Hayne Cynthia , Glickman Jonathan , Heher Yael K 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesGross-only examination policies vary widely across pathology departments. Several studies—particularly a College of American Pathologists’ Q-Probes study—have looked at the variations in gross-only policies, and even more studies have addressed the (in)appropriateness of certain specimen types for gross-only examination. Few, if any, studies have tackled the important task of how to revise and safely implement a new gross-only examination protocol, especially in collaboration with clinical colleagues.MethodsWe reviewed the grossing protocols from three anatomic pathology centers to identify common gross-only specimen types. We compiled an inclusive list of any specimen types that appeared on one or more centers’ lists. We performed a retrospective review of the gross and microscopic diagnoses for those specimen types to determine if any diagnoses of significance would have been missed had that specimen been processed as a gross-only.ResultsWe reviewed 940 cases among 13 specimen types. For 7 specimen types, the gross diagnoses provided equivalent information to the microscopic diagnoses. For 6 specimen types, microscopic diagnoses provided clinically meaningful information beyond what was captured in the gross diagnoses.ConclusionsTo improve the value of care provided, pathology departments should conduct internal reviews and consider transitioning specimen types to gross-only when safe.
Marine Pelagic Ecosystem Responses to Climate Variability and Change
Authors: Ducklow Hugh , Cimino Megan , Dunton Kenneth H , Fraser William R , Hopcroft Russell R , Ji Rubao , Miller Arthur J , Ohman Mark D , Sosik Heidi M 
Published: August 2022

abstract
The marine coastal region makes up just 10% of the total area of the global ocean but contributes nearly 20% of its total primary production and over 80% of fisheries landings. Unicellular phytoplankton dominate primary production. Climate variability has had impacts on various marine ecosystems, but most sites are just approaching the age at which ecological responses to longer term, unidirectional climate trends might be distinguished. All five marine pelagic sites in the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network are experiencing warming trends in surface air temperature. The marine physical system is responding at all sites with increasing mixed layer temperatures and decreasing depth and with declining sea ice cover at the two polar sites. Their ecological responses are more varied. Some sites show multiple population or ecosystem changes, whereas, at others, changes have not been detected, either because more time is needed or because they are not being measured.