bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Street Hawking or Street Walking in Dahomey?: Debates about Girls’ Sexual Assaults in Colonial Tribunals, 1924–41
Authors: Reuther Jessica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBetween the judicial reorganizations of 1924 and 1941, the colonial tribunals in Dahomey heard more than two hundred cases of rape. Teenage or younger girls engaged in street hawking were the most common victims of rape who reported their assaults to these tribunals. Many of the cases stand out because market women played the dominant role in transforming girl hawkers’ experiences of sexual assault into formal grievances. The history of sexual assault in colonial Africa has largely focused on how ‘customary’ and colonial courts have or have not punished the crime of rape. This approach privileges masculine authorities’ views of sex, consent, and gender violence. This article focuses on the investigative processes in cases of sexual assault. In doing so, two gendered histories emerge: firstly, a history of elder female caregiving to girls suffering the aftereffects of sexual assaults and, secondly, a history of the vulnerability of hawkers to quotidian sexual violence.
Proprietary Knowledge Protection and Product Market Performance
Authors: Nguyen Justin Hung , Pham Peter , Qiu Buhui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDoes proprietary knowledge protection (PKP) spur or hinder the product-market performance of new firms? Exploiting the staggered adoptions of the inevitable disclosure doctrine by U.S. State Courts, which enhance PKP, we show that treated firms increase industry-adjusted sales growth by 2% compared to control firms. The effect is concentrated among small and young firms and increases with the scope of proprietary knowledge and rivals’ access to external finance. PKP encourages firms to develop new products and stimulates initial public offering activity. Our results suggest that PKP alleviates predation risk associated with “deep-pocket” rivals by allowing firms to maintain competitive advantages.
Time-Varying Daily Gratitude-Affect Links Across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Zambrano Garza Elizabeth , Pauly Theresa , Choi Yoonseok , Broen Tiana , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Everyday gratitude may shape affect intensity, particularly during challenging times like a pandemic. A group of 140 community-dwelling Canadian participants ( Mage = 40.49 years, range: 18–83; 80% women) provided up to 10 days of daily gratitude and affect ratings during the first pandemic wave. Multilevel models show that everyday gratitude was associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect, independent of age; age was positively correlated with the number of social gratitude events. Participants reported lower negative affect if a social gratitude event involved more than less diverse social partners. The findings point to the merit of examining time-varying associations in gratitude as a potential resource for everyday affect across the adult lifespan.
Entwicklung und Validierung eines Situational Judgement Test zur Erfassung des Umgangs von Lehrkräften mit digitalen Problemsituationen im Unterricht
Authors: Schulze-Vorberg Lukas , Horz Holger 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung: Lehrkräfte sind immer stärker gefordert, digitale Medien kompetent in Lehr-Lern-Prozesse einzubeziehen. Es mangelt jedoch an objektiven Verfahren zur Erfassung digitaler Kompetenzen bei dieser Zielgruppe. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Situational Judgement Test zur Erfassung des Umgangs mit digitalen Problemsituationen im Unterricht vorgestellt. In einem mehrschrittigen Entwicklungsverfahren wurden auf Grundlage einer Vorerhebung ( n = 72) Aufgaben entwickelt und in einer Lautes-Denken-Studie ( n = 20) optimiert. Durch eine Expert_innenbefragung ( n = 8) wurden Inhaltsvalidität und Scoring-Key bestimmt. In zwei Pretests mit Lehramtstudierenden ( n = 83; n = 58) wurde auf Grundlage von Itemanalysen ein finales Itemset erstellt. Eine Validierungsstudie mit Lehrkräften ( n = 238) bestätigte die postulierte Faktorenstruktur in einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse. Die Kriteriumsvalidität konnte durch erwartungskonforme Korrelationen mit externen Kriterien nachgewiesen werden. Die prognostische Validität konnte durch die signifikante Vorhersage von Problemauftrittshäufigkeiten bei der Nutzung digitaler Medien durch Lehrkräfte in einem Strukturgleichungsmodell bestätigt werden.
Ice Shelf Basal Melt Rates in the Amundsen Sea at the End of the 21st Century
Authors: Jourdain Nicolas C. , Mathiot Pierre , Burgard Clara , Caillet Justine , Kittel Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntarctic Ice Sheet projections show the highest sensitivity to increased basal melting in the Amundsen Sea. However, little is known about the processes that control future increase in melt rates. We build an ensemble of three ocean–sea‐ice–ice‐shelf simulations for both the recent decades and the late 21st century, constrained by regional atmosphere simulations and the multi‐model mean climate change of the fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project under the RCP8.5 scenario. The ice‐shelf melt rates are typically multiplied by 1.4–2.2 from present day to future, for a total basal mass loss increased by 346 Gt yr−1 on average. This is equally explained by advection of warmer water from remote locations and regional changes in Ekman downwelling and in the ice‐shelf melt‐induced circulation, while increased iceberg melt plays no significant role. Our simulations suggest that high‐end melt projections previously used to constrain recent sea level projections may have been significantly overestimated.
Observation of a Core‐Diffracted P‐Wave From a Farside Impact With Implications for the Lower‐Mantle Structure of Mars
Authors: Durán C. , Khan A. , Ceylan S. , Charalambous C. , Kim D. , Drilleau M. , Samuel H. , Giardini D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report on the observation of a diffracted P‐wave (Pdiff) along the core of Mars from a distant impact that has been recorded by the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission. The identification of Pdiff allows us to sample the P‐wave velocity structure of the lower mantle that hitherto could not be constrained because of lack of lower‐mantle‐traversing P‐waves. In addition to Pdiff, we are able to pick PP‐, PPP‐, and SS‐wave arrivals and locate the event to the farside of Mars in the vicinity of Tharsis, in agreement with the imaged location of the impact. This indicates that our joint single‐station seismic event‐location and structure‐inversion scheme is both robust and accurate. Based on inversion of the body‐wave arrival time picks made here, we find lower P‐wave velocities in the deep mantle relative to predictions based on thermochemically homogeneous models.
The Mode‐Water‐Induced Interannual Variation of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent and the Corresponding Winter Atmospheric Anomalies
Authors: Hu Haibo , Chen Weixuan , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Zhao Yihang , Bai Haokun , Mao Kefeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCombining several reanalysis and in situ data sets, the low potential vorticity (PV) water masses are Lagrangian tracked in the subsurface ocean southwestwardly from the midlatitude Pacific in winter, which have significant interannual variations. The subsurface low PV water transport is proved to be closely related to the interannual variation of atmospheric North Pacific westerly jet by changing the subtropical countercurrent (STCC) and the sea surface temperature gradient adjacent. Specifically, the enhanced subsurface low PV water mass transported to the west of STCC causes strengthened northeastward warm water transport of STCC branching, and the weakened eastward branching. Therefore, significant negative temperature gradient anomalies of sea surface and lower atmosphere generate in the midlatitude to the east of 170°E. The corresponding local weakened lower atmospheric baroclinity and wave activities then lead to the convergence of anomalous downward atmospheric baroclinic Rossby waves and eventually the upper westerly jet deceleration.
Contrasting Export of Particulate Organic Carbon From Greenlandic Glacial and Nonglacial Streams
Authors: Bröder L. , Hirst C. , Opfergelt S. , Thomas M. , Vonk J. E. , Haghipour N. , Eglinton T. I. , Fouché J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn‐going shrinkage of Greenland's icecap, permafrost thaw, and changes in precipitation are exposing its landscapes to erosion and remobilization of ancient organic carbon (OC) held in soils and sedimentary rocks. The fate of this OC and potential feedbacks to climate are still unclear. Here, we show that the glacial Zackenberg river (Northeastern Greenland) exports aged particulate OC (POC, uncalibrated radiocarbon ages of ∼4,000 years). Many of the smaller periglacial streams affected by abrupt permafrost thaw transport substantially older POC (up to 32,000 years), especially with enhanced discharge following intense precipitation. Mineralogical analysis, and density and size fractionation of soils and both glacial and nonglacial river sediments reveal that OC is largely associated with phyllosilicate minerals, suggesting stabilization against microbial processing. Enhanced export of ancient, mineral‐associated OC as a consequence of summer rainfall may accelerate translocation of OC from terrestrial to marine environments, but could have limited consequences for climate.
The Impact of Volatile Chemical Products, Other VOCs, and NOx on Peak Ozone in the Lake Michigan Region
Authors: Abdi‐Oskouei Maryam , Roozitalab Behrooz , Stanier Charles O. , Christiansen Megan , Pfister Gabriele , Pierce R. Bradley , McDonald Brian C. , Adelman Zac , Janseen Mark , Dickens Angela F. , Carmichael Gregory R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh concentrations of ozone along the coastline of Lake Michigan are a persistent air quality management challenge. Complementing observations during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS 2017), WRF‐Chem modeling was used to quantify sensitivity of modeled ozone (O3) to anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, including to changes in volatile chemical product (VCP). The daily maximum 8 hr average (MDA8) over the high ozone region of Lake Michigan decreased by 2.7 ppb with exclusion of VCP from the inventory, and was sensitive to both NOx and VOC changes, with greater sensitivity to NOx. Close to urban centers, MDA8 ozone was VOC‐sensitive. Clusters of coastal receptor sites were identified based on similarity in response to emission perturbations, with most clusters being NOx‐sensitive and NOx‐sensitivity increasing with distance from major emission sources. The 2 June 2017 ozone event, which has received considerable focus, is shown to be atypical due to unusually strong and spatially extended VOC‐sensitive behavior. WRF‐Chem integrated reaction rate analysis was used to compute radical termination rates due to NOx (LNOx) and to radical‐radical reactions (LROx). LROx/LNOx and formaldehyde to NO2 ratio (FNR) were shown to be predictive of modeled MDA8 ozone sensitivity, but with variation in predictive power as a function of time of day, which has implications for air quality management use of FNR from geostationary satellites.
Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of systemic lupus erythematosus on major depressive disorder
Authors: Li Wenchang , Kan Hoktim , Zhang Weizhe , Zhong Yanlin , Liao Weiming , Huang Guiwu , Wu Peihui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe vast majority of epidemiological studies suggested a link between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the causality for SLE on the risk of MDD remained unknown due to confounding factors or reverse causality. Herein, we investigated the causality between SLE and MDD in those of European ancestry by a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary genetic data of cases with SLE/MDD were derived from independent largest public genome-wide association study. Forty-six single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with SLE were used as instrumental variables. The main causal inference was carried out using the MRE-IVW method. Additional, reverse-direction MR and multivariable MR analyses were further performed. Result indicated that SLE was causally associated with a lower risk of MDD (using the MRE-IVW method, odds ratio [OR] = 0.983, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.974–0.991, p = 1.18 × 10−4). Complementary analysis found no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Multivariate MR analysis yielded consistent results (OR =  0.981; 95% CI = 0.969–0.993; p = 2.75 × 10−3). Reverse-direction MR analysis suggested non-causal relationship of MDD on the risk of SLE (using the IVW method, OR = 0.846, 95% CI = 0.345–2.072; p = 0.714). Thus, this is the first study providing evidence of potential causal links between SLE and MDD and further related research is needed.
Efficient second harmonic generation by harnessing bound states in the continuum in semi-nonlinear etchless lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Li Xueshi , Ma Jiantao , Liu Shunfa , Huang Peinian , Chen Bo , Wei Dunzhao , Liu Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntegrated photonics provides unprecedented opportunities to pursue advanced nonlinear light sources with low-power consumptions and small footprints in a scalable manner, such as microcombs, chip-scale optical parametric oscillators and integrated quantum light sources. Among a variety of nonlinear optical processes, high-efficiency second harmonic generation (SHG) on-chip is particularly appealing and yet challenging. In this work, we present efficient SHG in highly engineerable semi-nonlinear waveguides consisting of electron-beam resist waveguides and thin-film silicon nitride (SiN)/lithium niobate (LN). By carefully designing octave-separating bound states in the continuum (BICs) for the nonlinear interacting waves in such a hybrid structure, we have simultaneously optimized the losses for both fundamental frequency (FF) and second harmonic (SH) waves and achieved modal phasing matching and maximized the nonlinear modal overlap between the FF and SH waves, which results in an experimental conversion efficiency up to 4.05% W−1cm−2. Our work provides a versatile and fabrication-friendly platform to explore on-chip nonlinear optical processes with high efficiency in the context of nanophotonics and quantum optics.
Structurally engineered colloidal quantum dot phosphor using TiO2 photonic crystal backbone
Authors: Lee Hansol , Lee Tae-Yun , Park Yeonsang , Cho Kyung-Sang , Rho Young-Geun , Choo Hyuck , Jeon Heonsu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotonic crystal (PhC) phosphor, in which the phosphor material is periodically modulated for an enhancement in color-conversion efficiency via resonant absorption of excitation photons, is a paradigm-shifting structural phosphor platform. Two-dimensional (2D) square-lattice PhC phosphor is currently considered the most advanced platform because of not only its high efficiency, but also its immunity to excitation polarization. In the present study, two major modifications are made to further improve the performance of the 2D PhC phosphor: increasing the refractive index contrast and planarizing the surface. The index contrast is improved by replacing the PhC backbone material with TiO2 whereas the surface planarization is achieved by removing excessive colloidal quantum dots from the surface. In comparison with the reference phosphor, the upgraded PhC phosphor exhibits ~59 times enhanced absorption (in simulations) and ~7 times enhanced emission (in experiments), both of which are unprecedentedly high. Our results not only brighten the viability and applicability of the PhC phosphor but also spur the phosphor development through structural engineering of phosphor materials.
High-index-contrast photonic structures: a versatile platform for photon manipulation
Authors: Kim Young-Bin , Cho Jin-Woo , Lee Yun-Jo , Bae Dukkyu , Kim Sun-Kyung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn optics, the refractive index of a material and its spatial distribution determine the characteristics of light propagation. Therefore, exploring both low- and high-index materials/structures is an important consideration in this regard. Hollow cavities, which are defined as low-index bases, exhibit a variety of unusual or even unexplored optical characteristics and are used in numerous functionalities including diffraction gratings, localised optical antennas and low-loss resonators. In this report, we discuss the fabrication of hollow cavities of various sizes (0.2–5 μm in diameter) that are supported by conformal dielectric/metal shells, as well as their specific applications in the ultraviolet (photodetectors), visible (light-emitting diodes, solar cells and metalenses), near-infrared (thermophotovoltaics) and mid-infrared (radiative coolers) regions. Our findings demonstrate that hollow cavities tailored to specific spectra and applications can serve as versatile optical platforms to address the limitations of current optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, hollow cavity embedded structures are highly elastic and can minimise the thermal stress caused by high temperatures. As such, future applications will likely include high-temperature devices such as thermophotovoltaics and concentrator photovoltaics.
Identification of a rare Gli1+ progenitor cell population contributing to liver regeneration during chronic injury
Authors: Peng Jiayin , Li Fei , Wang Jia , Wang Chaoxiong , Jiang Yiao , Liu Biao , He Juan , Yuan Kai , Pan Chenyu , Lin Moubin , Zhou Bin , Chen Luonan , Gao Dong , Zhao Yun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn adults, hepatocytes are mainly replenished from the existing progenitor pools of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes during chronic liver injury. However, it is unclear whether other cell types in addition to classical hepatocytes and cholangiocytes contribute to hepatocyte regeneration after chronic liver injuries. Here, we identified a new biphenotypic cell population that contributes to hepatocyte regeneration during chronic liver injuries. We found that a cell population expressed Gli1 and EpCAM (EpCAM+Gli1+), which was further characterized with both epithelial and mesenchymal identities by single-cell RNA sequencing. Genetic lineage tracing using dual recombinases revealed that Gli1+ nonhepatocyte cell population could generate hepatocytes after chronic liver injury. EpCAM+Gli1+ cells exhibited a greater capacity for organoid formation with functional hepatocytes in vitro and liver regeneration upon transplantation in vivo. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that EpCAM+Gli1+ cells can serve as a new source of liver progenitor cells and contribute to liver repair and regeneration.
Analytical and computational workflow for in-depth analysis of oxidized complex lipids in blood plasma
Authors: Criscuolo Angela , Nepachalovich Palina , Garcia-del Rio Diego Fernando , Lange Mike , Ni Zhixu , Baroni Massimo , Cruciani Gabriele , Goracci Laura , Blüher Matthias , Fedorova Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLipids are a structurally diverse class of biomolecules which can undergo a variety of chemical modifications. Among them, lipid (per)oxidation attracts most of the attention due to its significance in the regulation of inflammation, cell proliferation and death programs. Despite their apparent regulatory significance, the molecular repertoire of oxidized lipids remains largely elusive as accurate annotation of lipid modifications is complicated by their low abundance and often unknown, biological context-dependent structural diversity. Here, we provide a workflow based on the combination of bioinformatics and LC-MS/MS technologies to support identification and relative quantification of oxidized complex lipids in a modification type- and position-specific manner. The developed methodology is used to identify epilipidomics signatures of lean and obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. The characteristic signature of lipid modifications in lean individuals, dominated by the presence of modified octadecanoid acyl chains in phospho- and neutral lipids, is drastically shifted towards lipid peroxidation-driven accumulation of oxidized eicosanoids, suggesting significant alteration of endocrine signalling by oxidized lipids in metabolic disorders.
Flexible kesterite thin-film solar cells under stress
Authors: Park Ha Kyung , Cho Yunae , Kim Juran , Kim Sammi , Kim Sungjun , Kim Jeha , Yang Kee-Jeong , Kim Dae-Hwan , Kang Jin-Kyu , Jo William 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the stress-induced phenomena is essential for improving the long-term application of flexible solar cells to non-flat surfaces. Here, we investigated the electronic band structure and carrier transport mechanism of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) photovoltaic devices under mechanical stress. Highly efficient flexible CZTSSe devices were fabricated controlling the Na incorporation. The electronic structure of CZTSSe was deformed with stress as the band gap, valence band edge, and work function changed. Electrical properties of the bent CZTSSe surface were probed by Kelvin probe force microscopy and the CZTSSe with Na showed less degraded carrier transport compared to the CZTSSe without Na. The local open-circuit voltage (VOC) on the bent CZTSSe surface decreased due to limited carrier excitation. The reduction of local VOC occurred larger with convex bending than in concave bending, which is consistent with the degradation of device parameters. This study paves the way for understanding the stress-induced optoelectronic changes in flexible photovoltaic devices.
Design and implementation of virtual fitting system based on gesture recognition and clothing transfer algorithm
Authors: Wu Ying , Liu Hongbing , Lu Pengzhen , Zhang Lihua , Yuan Fangjian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVirtual fitting can bring fast and convenient fitting experience for people. The two core problems of virtual fitting system are human–computer interaction and clothing simulation. Interaction is an important factor in determining the fitting experience. The previous virtual fitting products usually use the mouse and keyboard interaction, and users rarely have a good sense of substitution and interaction. While, the method of using multiple cameras to take user images from different angles and then carry out posture recognition has the defect of low recognition accuracy. In view of clothing simulation and human–computer interaction of virtual fitting system, in order to achieve better customer immersion experience, this paper implemented a real-time interactive virtual fitting system based on Microsoft Kinect motion sensing device, and proposed a gesture determination algorithm based on finger recognition and an image transfer algorithm based on skeleton information matching. Using OpenNI development library and multi-threading technology, we have developed a motion-sensing capture module and a complete real-time virtual fitting system, and the system test results show that it has a good user experience.
Experience of virtual commissioning of a process control system for the production of high-paraffin oil
Authors: Ilyushin Yury V. , Fetisov Vadim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work describes the experience in developing and testing software for oil industry automation control systems based on the simulation of technological processes and control systems combined in virtual reality, this approach is called virtual commissioning and is widely used in the world both to create automated process control systems and to simulate interactions between different systems.