bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Together from the start: A transdiagnostic framework for early dyadic interventions for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Bannon Sarah M. , Grunberg Victoria A. , Manglani Heena R. , Lester Ethan G. , Ritchie Christine , Vranceanu Ana‐Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are increasingly prevalent and radically alter the lives of individuals and their informal care partners (together called a dyad). As symptoms progress, dyads are at risk for elevated emotional distress and declines in relationship functioning and quality of life. Psychosocial interventions delivered to dyads early after diagnosis have successfully prevented chronic emotional distress across several chronic illnesses including cancer and acute brain injury. Dyads with NDD could benefit from such interventions, however, they are limited. Because NDDs have symptom profiles that are distinct from other chronic illnesses, they require a unique framework and interventions. Given the limited dyadic interventions and unified symptoms across NDDs, a transdiagnostic framework may help to enhance scalability and efficiency. To address this problem, we developed a transdiagnostic framework that cuts across NDD physical and emotional diagnoses to inform cost‐effective and sustainable NDD dyadic interventions.MethodsTo develop this framework, we conducted: (1) a narrative review on dyadic adjustment and existent dyadic interventions for those with NDDs, and (2) integrated findings to develop our NDD transdiagnostic framework for dyadic interventions early after diagnosis.ResultsFindings revealed no existent dyadic interventions for NDDs delivered shortly after diagnosis. Among available interventions, all were delivered later in disease progression, thereby focusing on dyadic challenges at more advanced stages. In addition, although research emphasized the influence of individual, dyadic, and contextual factors on dyads' early adjustment to NDDs, no conceptual model has been developed. Informed by theory and current research, we introduce an NDD transdiagnostic framework for couples' early biopsychosocial adjustment. This framework includes NDD specific: contextual factors, illness‐related factors, individual and dyadic stressors, adaptive coping strategies, and dyads' resources.ConclusionsOur NDD transdiagnostic framework can be used to inform early dyadic psychosocial interventions that cut across all NDDs. This approach has important implications for implementation and scalability.
Are the Largest Banking Organizations Operationally More Risky?
Authors: CURTI FILIPPO , FRAME W. SCOTT , MIHOV ATANAS 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study demonstrates that, among large U.S. bank holding companies (BHCs), the largest ones are exposed to more operational risk. Specifically, they have higher operational losses per dollar of total assets, a result largely driven by the BHCs' failure to meet professional obligations to clients and/or faulty product design. Operational risk at the largest institutions is also found to: (i) be persistent, (ii) have a countercyclical component, and (iii) materialize through more frequent tail risk events. We illustrate three plausible channels linking BHC size and operational risk—institutional complexity, moral hazard incentives arising from “too‐big‐to‐fail,” and innovation.
Safety and efficacy of Trimax‐360 serum in healthy adult subjects with mild to moderate alopecia of scalp
Authors: Chew Soon‐Keong , Gajjar Trusha , Sethi Simran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMale pattern baldness and female pattern baldness, commonly known as androgenic alopecia, is the most prevalent type of alopecia, often genetically predetermined. It is a condition of hair loss, which typically affects the scalp and characterized by progressive terminal hair loss.ObjectivesThe study was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of botanical‐based Trimax‐360 Serum in healthy adult subjects with mild to moderate alopecia of scalp.MethodsA total of 30 subjects were randomized in an open label, single arm study conducted in healthy males and females aged 30–45 years. Trimax‐360 Serum was applied twice a day for 98 days to each subject. Effect of Trimax‐360 Serum was evaluated for hair thickness, hair density, scalp condition, hair fall, hair oiliness, softness, and hair growth rate assessment.ResultsStatistically significant [p‐value <0.0001] improvement was observed in hair density, hair thickness, and hair growth rate after 98 days treatment with Trimax‐360 Serum. The trend of improvement in change from Baseline was gradual from Day 21 to Day 98 which was found to be 1.7%–41.5% for hair density; 0.00 µm to 10.7 µm for hair thickness, respectively. The mean (±SD) hair growth rate (μm/day) also gradually improved from 13.044(±9.4119) to 42.528(±18.5565) μm/day after 21 days to 98 days treatment with Trimax‐360 Serum. All subjects showed good scalp condition and gentle increase in noticeable new hairs while none of the patient reported hair oiliness and hair fall. No apparent adverse events were observed throughout treatment duration.ConclusionsThe results of this open label study suggest that 98 days treatment with botanical‐based Trimax‐360 Serum is safe and effective in significantly improving the rate of hair growth.
Phytoconstituents‐loaded nanomedicines for the management of acne
Authors: Qadir Abdul , Ullah Shehla Nasar Mir Najib , Gupta Dipak Kumar , Khan Nausheen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to epidemiological data, a large percentage (80–90%) of adolescents suffer from acne vulgaris and approximately 30% of them need treatment. Possible outcomes of the inflammatory acne lesions are acne scars which, although they can be treated in several ways, may have a negative psychological impact on social life and relationships. There are three levels of acne: mild, moderate, and severe. The main types of acne scars are atrophic and hypertrophic scars. The pathogenesis of acne scarring is still not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed.AimThe aim of this review is phytoconstituents‐loaded nanomedicines for the management of acne.Materials and methodsAn online literature assessment was steered for the acne, phytochemical composition, and nanomedicines, types of acne, types of nanotechnology. Appropriate information were taken from different electronic scientific databases such as Web of Science, Elsevier, Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., Additional data was summarized from textbooks, local prints, and scripts.ResultsNanotechnology‐based nanomedicines provide a great coincidence for the enhancement in the efficacy and safety of pharmaco‐therapeutic agents for acne.DiscussionIn this review, we discuss the phytoconstituent that are natural compounds present in plants extensively used for the anti‐acne activity. Phytochemicals target cytokine signaling pathways and thus exhibit their anti‐acne activity. We further outline the advantages of loading phytoconstituents as a drug in nanocarriers such as emulsion, niosomes, SLN, and nanocrystal for better and improved topical treatment.ConclusionThis review is mainly focused on the usage of herbal nanomedicines in acne, nano delivery carriers used in the delivery of phytoconstituents with an improved therapeutic profile and reduced toxicity. In recent years, phytoconstituents showing their anti‐acne potential, and phytoconstituents‐loaded nanomedicines have high treatment potential in the management of acne.
Studies on stratum corneum metabolism: function, molecular mechanism and influencing factors
Authors: Jiao Qian , Yue Lizhi , Zhi Leilei , Qi Yufeng , Yang Jie , Zhou Cheng , Jia Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundStratum corneum is located in the outermost layer of the skin and is the most important part of the skin barrier. Stratum corneum mainly contains keratinocytes, lipids, and desmosomes. Their normal metabolic process is closely related to the function of skin barrier.AimsThis paper reviews the structure and function of stratum corneum, influencing factors, skin diseases, and common solutions.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted on the structure and function of stratum corneum, influencing factors, skin diseases, and common solutions.ResultsThis paper reviews the structure and function of stratum corneum and the influence of various factors on stratum corneum metabolism. At the same time, the existing skin problems, skin diseases, and common solutions are summarized.ConclusionsThis information will help to understand the function, molecular mechanism, and influencing factors of stratum corneum metabolism, and provide new ideas for stratum corneum health management and cosmetic research and development.
Temple augmentation by injecting a hyaluronic acid filler between the superficial and deep temporal fasciae
Authors: Lee Won , Park Jin‐Woo , Yang Eun‐Jung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection is easy and effective for augmenting the temple. However, there are multiple layers in the temple and multiple guidelines regarding the optimal layer for administering these fillers. In this study, we used ultrasonography to reveal relatively safe layers for augmenting the temple and selected the space between the superficial temporal fascia (STF) and deep temporal fascia (DTF) as an injection site.MethodsDoppler ultrasonography was used to differentiate anatomic layers of the temple and detect the blood vessels. HA filler was injected in the space between the STF and DTF. After filler injection, ultrasonography was used to detect the proper filler location. Patient satisfaction and complications were evaluated.ResultsHyaluronic acid filler was injected into the space between the STF and DTF in all patients. An average of 1.08 ml of HA filler was injected into one side of the temple. In 15 out of 50 patients, the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery was detected at the hairline or on the anterior side of the hairline, which was the location where the temple augmentation was performed. Forty‐nine patients were satisfied with the results after 3 months postoperatively. No serious complications were observed.ConclusionsHyaluronic acid filler injection in the space between the STF and DTF is a relatively safe and easy site for temple augmentation.
Fast diffusion kurtosis imaging in acute ischemic stroke shows mean kurtosis‐diffusivity mismatch
Authors: Hu Ranliang , Kim Hahnsung , Kim Jinsuh , Allen Jason W. , Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an advanced technique more specific to irreversible ischemic injury than conventional diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). However, its clinical translation has been limited by a long acquisition time and complex postprocessing.MethodsA fast DKI sequence (3 minutes) was implemented on a 3T MRI (Siemens Trio) and piloted as part of an inpatient brain MRI protocol. Mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps were postprocessed automatically at the scanner console and sent to the Picture Archiving and Communications System. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients in a 5‐month period with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. MK and MD of the ischemic infarcts and contralateral normal brain were measured, and lesion volumes were measured in large infarcts using semiautomated segmentation.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included in the study (median age 66). The median time from last known well to MRI was 37 hours. MD and MK maps were successfully processed and demonstrated acute infarction in concordance with DWI in all cases. Infarcted regions had higher MK and lower MD compared to contralateral normal‐appearing regions. MK lesion volume was significantly smaller than MD volume.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating a fast DKI sequence into a clinical MRI protocol. Acute infarcts were depicted on kurtosis maps, and MK lesion volumes were smaller than MD, in accordance with prior works. Future studies are needed to determine the role of DKI in acute stroke treatment selection and prognostication.
Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured and Milled Interim 3‐Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Legaz Juan , Sailer Irena , Mojon Philippe , Lee Hyeonjong , Karasan Duygu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the survival and mechanical properties of 3‐unit interim fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made with additive manufacturing (AM) technology compared to milled and conventional manual fabrication.Materials and methodsSixty 3‐unit interim FDPs replacing the first left mandibular molar were divided in 6 groups (n = 10): manual (Man) (Protemp 4), milled (Mil) (Telio‐CAD Multi), and 4 additive manufacturing (AM) groups were subdivided into 4 AM technology subgroups: direct light positioning (DLP) (Rapidshape P30 [RS]), and stereolitography (SLA) (Formlabs 2 [FL]) and the type of printed interim polymer (P Pro C&B [St] and SHERAprint‐cb [Sh]) (RS‐St, RS‐Sh, FL‐St, and FL‐Sh). Survival and complications were assessed after thermomechanical aging. The surviving samples were tested for fracture resistance. Kaplan‐Meier test followed by log‐rank test to show differences between groups was used to calculate the survival and complication rates. For fracture strength, one‐way ANOVA and Tukey‐b post hoc test were used to compare groups. Descriptive statistics was used for failure modes and Pearson chi‐square to compare groups (α = 0.05).ResultsSurvival rates among groups varied from 100% (Man, Mil and FL‐Sh), 70% (FL‐St), 50% (RS‐Sh), and 20% (RS‐Sh) (p < 0.001), respectively. Additional events were observed in 50% to 80% in FL‐St, RS‐St, and RS‐Sh groups (p < 0.001). Man, FL‐St, and RS‐S showed lower mean static load resistance (p < 0.001). Fracture through the connector between tooth 35 and the pontic was the most prevalent type of failure.ConclusionThe manufacturing method, type of resin, and the printing mode had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of AM interim 3‐unit FDPs.
High dose melatonin increases sleep duration during nighttime and daytime sleep episodes in older adults
Authors: Duffy Jeanne F. , Wang Wei , Ronda Joseph M. , Czeisler Charles A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAging is associated with changes in sleep, and improving sleep may have important consequences for the health, cognition, and quality of life of older adults. Many prescription sleep aids increase the risk of nighttime falls, have adverse effects on next‐day cognition, and are associated with increased mortality. Melatonin, a hormone secreted at night, increases sleep duration in young adults but only when administered during the day when endogenous levels are low. In a month‐long cross‐over study, we randomized 24 healthy older (age >55, mean 64.2 ± 6.3 years) participants to receive 2 weeks of placebo and 2 weeks of either a low (0.3 mg) or high (5.0 mg) dose of melatonin 30 min before lights out. Sleep was polysomnographically recorded and was scheduled during both the biological day and night using a forced desynchrony design. Although 0.3 mg melatonin had a trend towards increasing sleep efficiency (SE) overall, this was due to its effects on sleep during the biological day. In contrast, 5 mg melatonin significantly increased SE during both biological day and night, mainly by increasing the duration of Stage 2 non‐rapid eye movement sleep and slightly shortening awakenings. Melatonin should be further explored as a sleep aid for older adults.
Experience of adolescents in mental health inpatient units: A metasynthesis of qualitative evidence
Authors: Shin Soyoung , Ahn Suyoun 
Published: April 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Inpatient treatment is often necessary due to the vulnerability of adolescents’ mental health, and hospitalization rates are increasing.

There are both positive and negative experiences related to adolescent inpatient treatment.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

Inpatient ward environment and interactions with staff and peers are critical in adolescents’ nursing care while undergoing inpatient treatment.

Adolescents want their voice to be reflected in the treatment process, including within the discharge plan.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses should establish a therapeutic milieu for adolescents to feel stable and safe so that inpatient treatment can become a positive experience.

Mental health nurses should apply a person‐centred approach to adolescents so that adolescents can participate in decision‐making during the inpatient treatment process.

AbstractIntroductionMental health inpatient treatment is necessary and increasing in adolescents due to their mental health vulnerability. Few studies have comprehensively reviewed adolescents’ hospitalization experience.AimTo gain an in‐depth understanding of the mental health inpatient experience from adolescents’ perspectives.MethodSix electronic databases, manual searches and citation searches were completed for studies published within the last 10 years. Eight articles were included, and thematic analysis was used. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was applied to assess data quality.ResultsThree main themes were identified: Experiences of hospitalization, perceived outcomes and preparing for discharge. These themes included both positive and negative experiences.DiscussionThe environment and interactions within the ward were critical to adolescents’ nursing care. Positive relationship experiences were important for adolescents to adapt well and consequently achieve beneficial inpatient treatment results. Additionally, adolescents wanted to participate in the decision‐making process related to their treatment during hospitalization.Implications for PracticeMental health nurses have a responsibility to be sensitive to adolescents’ mental health status during hospitalization and to understand the significance of providers’ support in leading them to recovery. Nurses need to establish a more stable ward environment and form positive relationships through respect for adolescents’ intentions.
Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth, enzymological and biochemical responses and immune‐related gene expressions in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Abdolreza , Pourmozaffar Sajjad , Adeshina Ibrahim , Vayghan Ali Haghi , Reverter Miriam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the current study, growth performance, biochemical constituents of muscle, activities of enzymes in the haemolymph, and expressions of immune‐related genes were evaluated in the giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed diets supplemented with aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract at 0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg (w/w) for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly improved in garlic‐fed prawn groups compared with the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the garlic‐fed groups than in the control (p < 0.05). Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the hepatopancreas, activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and levels of albumin and total protein in the hemolymph were significantly increased in the garlic treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, garlic supplemented diets improved muscle biochemical profiles, particularly contents of crude protein and total ash and upregulations of immune deficiency and heat shock proteins (HSP70) gene expression (p < 0.05). Therefore, garlic has positive effects on growth performance and physio‐biochemical responses of M. rosenbergii, and thus, it can be used as an additive for stress resistance and as a growth promoter in sustainable aquaculture.
Gondwanan survivor lineages and the high‐risk biogeography of Anthropocene Southeast Asia
Authors: Kooyman Robert M. , Ivory Sarah J. , Benfield Adam J. , Wilf Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Southeast Asian rainforest region is extremely complex and biodiverse. Fossils have shown that paleo‐Antarctic rainforest lineages (PARLs) now extant in Asia tracked the ever‐wet conditions needed to survive and diversify through deep time. However, the threat of future climate change to the remaining rainforest and PARLs in Southeast Asia has yet to be evaluated to set conservation priorities. We first quantified the woody‐genus floristic relationships of Southeast Asian Island Groups by vetting and analyzing recent compilations of bioregional species data. We then evaluated the contributions to community assembly of woody fossil lineages and Island Group relationships to environmental gradients. To better understand climatic constraints of fossil lineage distributions and forecast distributions under projected future climate, we used exemplar living woody PARLs, including two angiosperms and two gymnosperms. Generalized linear models were used to project potential distributions under future climate pathways that assume no reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The floristic analyses highlighted strong similarities among Island Groups in the ever‐wet forest areas of Malesia, where PARLs are often concentrated. Ordination outliers represented more seasonal locations. Species distribution models showed that potential future distributions of ancient lineages are constrained by increasing rainfall seasonality and higher seasonal temperatures, with significant differences among exemplar genera. Notably, potential distributions often mapped onto de facto inaccessible areas, where forest clearing and the ubiquitous marine dispersal barriers that characterize the region will drastically inhibit potential relocation. These realities gravely threaten paleo‐conservation values and contemporary rainforest community assembly processes in Southeast Asia.
Intraspecific trait variation of grassland species in response to grazing depends on resource acquisition strategy
Authors: Streit Helena , Menezes Luciana S. , Pillar Valério D. , Overbeck Gerhard E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuestionGrazing is an important disturbance for maintenance of structure and functioning of the plant communities in grassy ecosystems. Functional characteristics of plants, which are responsible for their response to grazing, vary at inter‐ and intraspecific levels. Here, we assessed: (1) the extent of intraspecific trait variation when compared to interspecific variability; and (2) how grazing regime affects intraspecific trait variation in leaf functional traits of species with different leaf economics strategies.LocationA multisite grazing experiment in subtropical grasslands, southern Brazil.MethodsFor 30 dominant grassland plant species we measured functional traits related to resource acquisition strategy and grazing response (SLA, specific leaf area; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LA, leaf area; and FT, leaf resistance to traction) under three grazing treatments (grazing exclusion, traditional, or deferred grazing) arranged in a randomized block design. We quantified the overall proportion of intra‐ and interspecific variation and, for each species, we tested for the grazing treatment effects on intraspecific trait variation through Bayesian analysis of variance.ResultsThe overall contribution of intraspecific variation was up to 37% of the total variation. For most grass species, grazing exclusion led to lower values of SLA and higher values of LA, while no effect of grazing treatments was detected on intraspecific variation of LDMC and FT. Altogether, the effect of grazing management on intraspecific trait variation was more prevalent in species presenting a conservative strategy than in species with an acquisitive strategy.ConclusionThe expression of leaf traits is variable within species, especially for those species with a conservative strategy of resource acquisition. The extent of intraspecific trait variation in response to grazing depends on the considered traits and the resource acquisition strategy of the studied species.