bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood immunization, nutrition, and delivery care in the population of J and K, India from 2005-21: A secondary data analysis from national family health survey
Authors: Choudhary Neha , Sangra Sonika 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Immunization plays a critical role in safeguarding public health by preventing the spread of infectious diseases and reducing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunization programs not only protect individuals from deadly childhood diseases but also contribute to community immunity, thereby reducing the overall burden of illness. This study aims to study the trend of childhood immunization, nutrition in those under 5 and delivery care in Jammu and Kashmir, from the data available at the public forum of the National Family Health Survey from the third to fifth rounds.

Materials and Methods:
The indicators of delivery care, nutrition status of children, and vaccination among children below 5 years of age were extracted from the last three rounds of NFHS conducted in 2005–2006, 2015–2016, and 2019–2021. The data obtained were analyzed, and summed up in tables and figures using Microsoft Excel.

Results:
Rise in vaccination rate, uptake of BCG, measles-containing vaccine, vitamin A (90% to 95%; 66% to 86.2%; 78% to 92%; 12.6% to 82% respectively) from NFHS-3 to NFHS-5. Vaccine uptake in a public health facility increased to 99.1% in NFHS-5. A rise in the percentage of children breastfed within 1 h after birth and exclusive breastfeeding (32% to 55.6% and 42.3% to 62%, respectively) from NFHS-3 to NFHS-5. An increase in wasting and severe wasting (from 14.8 to 19% and 4.4 to 9.7%, respectively) is observed. A rise in institutional births from 50.2% in NFHS-3 to 92.4% in NFHS-5 was reported.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights a rise in wasting among children under the age of 5 years in J and K despite an increase in vaccination uptake and institutional deliveries from NFHS-3 to NFHS-5.
Prevalence of stroke and associated risk factors among elderly patients in a primary care setting: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alabduljabbar Khaled , Elabd Kossay , Alsaif Abdulaziz , Basudan Loay 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Stroke is a major health concern worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with stroke in a primary care setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh. Data were collected from patients aged 50 years and older who visited the clinic between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022. Stroke diagnoses were determined using ICD-10 codes, and data on demographic variables and stroke risk factors were extracted from medical records. Statistical analyses included Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Out of 2034 patients, 36 (1.8%) were diagnosed with stroke, predominantly ischemic (91.7%). Significant correlations with stroke occurrence included advanced age, male gender, family history of stroke, and comorbidities such as hypertension, transient ischemic attack, ischemic heart disease, brain aneurysm, and carotid artery disease. Multivariable analysis identified older age (≥80 years, OR = 8.949, P = 0.013), male gender (OR = 5.980, P = 0.010), underweight status (OR = 50.873, P = 0.005), family history of stroke (OR = 12.603, P = 0.040), and hypertension (OR = 7.984, P = 0.009) as significant risk factors for stroke.

Conclusion:
Stroke prevalence in the sampled population was 18 per 100,000 individuals, with advanced age, male gender, and hypertension identified as significant risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies and further prospective research to establish causal relationships and improve stroke management in Saudi Arabia.
An online survey on the association between the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer and dermatitis in the Jizan Population
Authors: EL-Mahdy Mona H. , Makeen Nada M. , Khrid Zenat A. , Modawi Khawla Mohammed , Sayegh Maram Abdullah , Hamrani Amnah Hussain , Humedi Anisah Mohammed , Juraybi Shumokh Fawaz , Someli Sharifah Abdulrahman , Darbashi Shatha Ahmed , Busayli Wafa Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers during the COVID-19 pandemic can cause skin irritation and dermatitis due to the removal of natural skin oils. This survey aims to assess the association between alcohol-based hand sanitizer use and dermatitis prevalence among the residents of Jizan, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey distributed between September and December 2021. The survey collected data on hand sanitizer usage patterns, dermatitis symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics of 500 randomly selected Jizan residents aged ≥18 years. Associations between sanitizer use variables and dermatitis occurrence were analyzed using Chi-square and exact probability tests for instances with low frequencies.

Results:
The majority were 347 (69.4%) females, with a mean age of 23.6 ± 11.8 years. A total of 402 (80.4%) used sanitizers, increasing to 395 (79%) during the pandemic. Dermatitis symptoms were reported in 138 patients (27.6%) after sanitizer use. Using sanitizers >6 times daily was associated with 71.4% a dermatitis prevalence of 47.4% versus <3 times daily (P = 0.003). The use of 80–95% alcohol gels was linked to 68.8% dermatitis versus other products (P = 0.001). The common symptoms included skin roughness (55.4%), itching (46.5%), and redness (37.6%). Onset was immediate (23.3%) and within hours or days (28.2%).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a clear association between frequent or high-concentration sanitizer use and increased dermatitis prevalence among Jizan residents. Public awareness campaigns and product guidelines are needed to promote proper usage of techniques that balance hygiene and skin health. Future research should explore effective prevention strategies, such as moisturizer combinations or lower risk alternatives.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety among school going adolescents of Delhi: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sonam  , Mahapatra Arun Kumar , Rajagopala S , Kumar Anil , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Rishabh  , Malhotra Shahzadi , Nesari Tanuja Manoj 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
According to UNICEF, among adolescents’ mental disorders, depression and anxiety account for 42.9% of cases. As per the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) (2015-2016) of India; the Prevalence of Depressive Episodes and Recurrent Depressive Disorder and Phobic anxiety disorder among adolescents is 2.6% and 1.3%, respectively. The well-being and development of adolescents are directly related to the quality of their environment and early experiences of life. To understand the current mental health of adolescents the present study was initiated.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 679 students aged 10-19 years at selected schools in South Delhi, India. Initially after the written informed consent procedure, a self-reported questionnaire was administered to collect data on socio-demographic variables and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations between variables under examination with anxiety and depression.

Results:
In the present survey, the mean age of study participants was 13.43 years, 386 (56.85%) participants were male. The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among adolescents was found to be 25.92% and 13.70% respectively. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher among students who do not have sleep satisfaction (35.9% vs. 23.0%, P = 0.001) and among those who experience anxiety (58.1% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.000) than others. Similarly, the prevalence of anxiety was found significantly higher with increasing age (χ2, P = 0.001), increasing education levels (χ2, P = 0.001), sleep quality (χ2, P = 0.009), sleep satisfaction (χ2, P = 0.000), relationship status (χ2, P = 0.032) and depression status (30.7% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.000). Based on Multivariate analyses, higher education level (AOR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.06–2.20) and anxiety (AOR: 4.88, 95%CI: 3.07–7.76) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with increasing age (16–19 years) (AOR: 3.35, 95%CI: 1.59–7.06) and depression (AOR: 5.18, 95%CI: 3.26–8.25).

Conclusion:
The present study suggests that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among school-going adolescents is 25.92% and 13.70%, respectively. The most common associated risk factors are increasing education level, sleep satisfaction, and anxiety and depression. The information may contribute to the development of preventive and control strategies for mental health conditions among adolescents for their welfare and well-being.
Assessment of nerve conduction studies in insulin-dependent diabetes in children and adolescents at the tertiary care center in eastern Nepal
Authors: Gupta Shital , Khadka Rita , Subedi Priza , Limbu Nirmala , Agrawal Jyoti , Thakur Dilip 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Young adults suffering from Type 1 Diabetes mellitus may have diabetic peripheral neuropathy without any signs and symptoms, as one of the complications. Nerve conduction study is routinely used for evaluation of neuromuscular function. This study aimed to conduct a nerve conduction study in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on 16 diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus in children aged between 5–15 years and 16 healthy controls. Children were selected based on inclusion criteria from Pediatric and adolescent diabetic clinics who came for follow-up. A motor nerve conduction study of the median, tibial, and common peroneal nerves was recorded, and a sensory nerve conduction study of the median and sural nerves was recorded.

Results:
The percentage of females was 46.4% and males were 53.6%. The age of diabetic children was (mean ± SD) 9.75 ± 3.53 and healthy control was 10.75 ± 3.14. A comparison of sensory nerve conduction parameters between type one diabetes in children and healthy control; onset latency of the sural nerve was prolonged on the bilateral side in diabetes children. Similarly, the SNAP amplitude of the median and sural nerves was decreased in diabetes children.

Conclusions:
In type 1 diabetes in children, peripheral nerves get affected even in asymptomatic patients in children. More disease duration and uncontrolled glucose levels will lead to the involvement of nerves getting affected. Proper follow-up is needed for better management.
Determining correlation between changes in blood pressure and vitamin D levels: Analyzing influencing factors in hypertensive adults at Family Medicine Clinics
Authors: Butt Aayesha , Tariq Swaleha , Kanwal Fatima 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dietary sodium and renin-angiotensin system activity are pivotal in causing primary hypertension. Vitamin D levels inversely relate to the renin–angiotensin system. Our study investigates the association between vitamin D fluctuations and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients undergoing general health checkups.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study enrolled participants with essential hypertension from family medicine clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, coming for a general health checkup. Data including demographics, Vitamin D levels, blood pressure, factors associated with hypertension, and vitamin D deficiency were noted and analyzed using SPSS 20. Post-stratification chi-square test was applied to check for the association between different categorical variables.

Results:
In a study of 203 hypertensive subjects (mean age: 58.07 ± 11 years, 56.2% male, 63.5% Urdu speaking), 41.4% were smokers, and 63.1% had other comorbidities along with hypertension. Significant vitamin D deficiency was observed in 81.8%, with 55.7% exhibiting uncontrolled blood pressure. Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with blood pressure changes, sun exposure, gender, physical activity, and salt restriction. Smoking and obesity are also correlated with blood pressure changes.

Conclusion:
Pakistan faces significant hypertension and vitamin D deficiency burdens. Our study found a potential link between varying vitamin D levels and blood pressure fluctuations in hypertensive patients, warranting further research.
Safety, immunogenicity, and breakthrough infections during 1-year follow-up after COVISHIELD™ vaccination among healthcare workers in a teaching institute in North India: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Gupta Madhu , Sharma Indrakshi , Singh Mini. P. , Ghosh Arnab , Mohindra Ritin , Suri Vikas , Bhalla Ashish , Devnani Mahesh , Verma Sanjay 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
A prospective longitudinal study was planned to assess immunogenicity, safety, and breakthrough infection rates among health care workers (HCWs) after COVISHIELD™ vaccination in a teaching institute in North India.

Methods:
A total of 518 HCWs were enrolled at baseline for receiving first dose of COVISHIELD™, 429 continued participation for second dose, 415 followed up at 28 days after second dose, 405 at 6 months, and 403 at 1 year from February 2021 to November 2022. At each visit prior, 2 ml of blood sample was collected and plasma separated. Anti–SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies against spike protein were detected by Chemiluminescent Immuno-Assay on the VITROS 3600 platform (Ortho-clinical Diagnostics, NJ, USA). Data were analysed for 403 HCWs (completed all follow-ups), using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 35.3 years (SD ± 11.11), and males were 50.2%. At baseline (N = 518), proportion of reactive HCWs was 25% (95% CI, 21–29%), which increased significantly to 92% (95% CI, 89–95%) after receiving first dose (N = 403), 95% (95% CI, 92–96%) after second dose (N = 403), and declined to 85% (95% CI, 83–93%) at six months (N = 403). At 1 year, reactivity increased to 89.3% (95% CI, 86–90%; P value < 0.0001). Fever was reported by 31.2% of HCWs, followed by pain at injection site (27.6%), malaise (16.4%), headache (3.7%), and dizziness (3.7%).

Conclusions:
Immunogenicity post-COVISHIELD™ vaccination increased after first and second doses but declined after 6 months and inclined after 1 year of the first dose. The safety profile was within acceptable limits.
Comparison of Barrett and Kane keratoconic formulae in eyes with only posterior corneal changes
Authors: Kenia Vaishal P. , Kenia Raj V. , Pirdankar Onkar H. , Mudaliya Nagalaxmi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Barrett Universal II (UII), Barrett total K, Barrett True-K keratoconus (KC), Kane, and Kane KC formulae in eyes with only posterior corneal changes.

METHODS:
A retrospective case series of eyes with normal anterior keratometry with only posterior corneal changes, aged between 45 and 75 years, and had undergone cataract surgery was analyzed. Subjects with any systemic illness, previous corneal surgery, corneal opacity, previous history of corneal inflammation, and subjects with missing data were excluded. For all patients, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations were done using Barrett UII, Barrett total K, Barrett True-K KC predicted, Barrett True-K KC measured, Kane, and Kane KC formulae. For all patients, mean absolute error, median absolute error (MedAE), and percentage of eyes with absolute error spherical equivalent within 0.25D, 0.5D, and >0.51D were noted.

RESULTS:
Twenty-one eyes of 13 patients with a mean ± standard deviation age of 61.92 ± 7.08 years had undergone cataract surgery. The MedAE was least with predicted Barrett True-K KC (0.26), whereas it was highest with Barrett total K (0.31). However, the Kruskal–Wallis test did not reveal any statistical significant difference in absolute error among the various formulae. Predicted Barrett KC, Kane, and Kane KC each resulted in the highest percentage of eyes (47.62%) within ±0.25 diopters error. Overall, Barrett UII, measured Barrett KC, Kane, and Kane KC had the highest percentage of eyes (76.19%) within ± 0.50 diopters error.

CONCLUSION:
This study has reported the efficacy of various IOL power calculations’ formulae in unique cases where anterior corneas were normal and had the abnormal posterior cornea resulting in anterior–posterior asymmetry. Although clinically predicted Barrett True-K KC resulted in the least absolute error, statistically, it did not show any edge over other formulae including Kane KC in eyes with only posterior corneal changes.
Comparison of Hector SLAM and Gmapping for a self-driving mobile robot on slippery surface
Authors: Safizan M. S. I. , Thamrin N. M. , Juhari K. A. 
Published: February 2025

This work compared the performance of two Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms, Hector SLAM and Gmapping, for self-navigation of a mobile robot in a small, slippery surface and controlled environment. The experiment utilised the Bveeta Mini mobile robot within a tiled corridor area. The primary objective was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of these algorithms in self-navigating the robot using acquired robot positions in 2D coordinates. The experiment involved manual mapping of the environment using both Gmapping and Hector SLAM, followed by autonomous navigation tasks with each algorithm. Performance was assessed by comparing the absolute error, absolute relative error, and percentage error between the robot's position obtained from the manual map and its position during autonomous navigation provided by the SLAM algorithms. It was found that the Hector SLAM achieved higher accuracy in all navigation paths than Gmapping. Gmapping suffered from significant errors, particularly in the robot's initial position, likely due to its reliance on odometry data, which was highly susceptible to errors from the slippery surface in the experimental area. In conclusion, both algorithms can be integrated with other advanced SLAM techniques to improve the accuracy of the generated map and robot position.
Formulation of film from a quaternized starch, polyvinyl alcohol and tetraethyl orthosilicate for food packaging
Authors: Kassim Shaari N. Z. , Roslan N. I. 
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to formulate a film using quaternized starch (QSs), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for potential food packaging. Corn starch as a renewable resource could ensure sustainability and less negative environmental impact when compared to the use of petrochemical-based materials. The starch was quaternized using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to improve its solubility and solve the retrogradation problem. and the loadings of TEOS were varied at 0-5 % wt./wt. polymer. The formulated films were characterized in terms of functional group, mechanical properties, and water uptake. The FTIR analysis revealed that the quaternization process successfully modified the starch, and the films containing TEOS exhibited new vibrational modes associated with the asymmetric and symmetric Si-O-Si stretching, confirming the effective incorporation of the silica network. Film F2 with 1 wt.% TEOS exhibited good mechanical properties with moderate tensile strength (0.870 MPa), high percentage elongation (301%), and low rigidity represented through Young’s modulus (0.814 MPa). The water uptake analysis revealed that increasing the TEOS content significantly improved the water resistance of the hybrid films (10 - 68%) compared to the films without TEOS (99%). The findings of this study contribute to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly packaging materials.
Estudo comparativo dos efeitos promovidos pelos Aparelhos de Herbst e Jasper Jumper
Authors: DE MEDEIROS CLAUDIO ALVES , FERNANDES ANDREA MARIA ACERBI CARAM , DE SOUZA BRUNO JULIO , NAKAO MARCELO , DE OLIVEIRA ANTÔNIO GERALDO , DENDENA MAURI 
Published: February 2025

Baseado nas vantagens do tratamento de pacientes Padrão IIcom má oclusão de Classe II com aparelhos funcionais fixos e, conhecendoos excelentes resultados clínicos obtidos tanto com o aparelho deHerbst como com o aparelho Jasper Jumper, este estudo cefalométrico sepropôs a elucidar as alterações esqueléticas ocorridas nestas duasmodalidades de tratamento, e também, compará-las entre si e a um grupocontrole que não passou por nenhum tipo de tratamento. Este estudo foirealizado em 54 telerradiografias laterais, obtidas em 27 pacientesportadores de características faciais de Padrão II, divididos em trêsgrupos: Grupo I ou grupo Herbst, composto de 9 indivíduos com idademédia de 10 anos e 10 meses; Grupo II ou grupo Jasper Jumper compostode 9 indivíduos com idade média de 12 anos e 2 meses; e Grupo III ougrupo controle, composto de 9 indivíduos com idade média de 10 anos e 5meses. Com este estudo, observamos que em relação ao grupo controlehouve uma diminuição na medida Co-A nos grupos Herbst e JasperJumper; houve uma diminuição na medida Wits nos grupos Herbst eJasper Jumper e ocorreu um maior aumento na medida Co-Gn no grupoHerbst em relação ao grupo Jasper Jumper.Estes dados levam a conclusão de que ambos os aparelhos restringem o crescimento maxilar e melhorama relação maxilo mandibular e há um maior crescimento mandibularquando o aparelho de Herbst é empregado.
Eficácia do ultra-som pulsado e do laser de baixa potência na diminuição da dor crônica provocada pelas disfunções temporomandibulares: estudo comparativo
Authors: MARAFON JULAINE , COELHO TALITA REGINA , NAKAYAMA GUSTAVO KIYOSEN , BERTOLINI GLADSON RICARDO FLOR 
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho apresenta dois recursos fisioterapêuticos (laserde baixa potência 830 nm e ultra-som pulsado) aplicados a dores crônicasprovocadas pela disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). O objetivo foiverificar e comparar a eficácia desses recursos na diminuição do quadrodoloroso. Foram selecionados dez pacientes que apresentavam dorcrônica pela DTM, e que não apresentavam fratura e/ou luxaçãorecidivante da articulação temporomandibular. Cinco pacientes realizaramtratamento com o ultra-som pulsado na freqüência de 1,0 MHz com dosede 1,0 W/cm2, 5 min; e 5 pacientes, tratamento com laser contínuo empontos próximos e sobre área de dor, com dose de 4 J/cm2. Foramrealizadas terapias diárias, 5 por semana, durante 2 semanas. Aplicou-seuma avaliação inicial contendo a escala visual analógica de dor (EVAD),uma relação de sintomas associados, palpação dos músculos associados emobilidade articular; essa mesma avaliação foi repetida ao final dotratamento. Também se aplicou uma ficha de evolução diária, contendo aEVAD, que era aplicada antes e após a terapia. Nos dez pacientes houveredução da dor ao final do tratamento: na terapia com ultra-som o quadrodoloroso diminuiu em 49,2% (p=0,0947), e com laser a diminuição foi de 72,4% (p=0,0367). Na evolução diária da dor, o laser apresentou, emmédia, uma diminuição de 0,8 ponto (p=0,0757) (na EVAD) contra 1,2ponto do ultra-som (p=0,0002). Pode-se concluir que o laser foi maiseficaz na analgesia provocada após o término do tratamento, e o ultra-somfoi mais eficaz na analgesia imediata.