bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Så tyk som en drengs lem – om penisattrapper, (alt for store) klitorisser og kønsforskelle i tidligt moderne livsvidenskaber
Authors: Jelved Kennild Sidsel 
Published: May 2022

ARE ALL WOMEN HERMAPHRODITES? ON PENIS DUMMIES, CLITORISES AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN EARLY MODERN ANATOMY
This article shows how the clitoris as an anatomical discovery throughout the early modern period was debated, represented and conceptualized in the life sciences both as an anatomical object and as an emblem of (digressing) sex difference, linking theories on generation and the parts of generation. The anatomical explorations of the body and the parts of generation were paramount for answering the questions of generation, but also for procuring the empirical foundations for theories on bodily matter. As well as showcasing corporeal ontologies different from our contemporary ones, the goal is to convey the scientific explanations for the clitoris as a bodily structure and the significances it carried within the early modern life sciences. My reading is preoccupied with the importance of the natural philosophical answers to some of the corporeal questions that the clitoris raised. In a way, this runs counter to sociopolitical readings of the history of the body that sometimes fail to sufficiently account for the engagement with the warm, wet and born characteristics of the body.
Forseglet – spiselige dyr og flydende materialitet i et fødevarelaboratorium i København
Authors: Skjoldborg Brieghel Signe 
Published: May 2022

CONTAINED – EDIBLE ANIMALS AND FLUID MATERIALITY IN A FOOD LABORATORY IN COPENHAGEN
In a small food laboratory in central Copenhagen, an attempt to make soy sauce from insects has resulted in a brownish liquid contained in a small bottle under a waxy seal. To the scientists who have made the liquid, edibility and the substances used to create it result from encounters between a number of different things. In recent times, however, global institutions such as the FAO have defined insects as a potential new food source in times of scarce resources and growing populations based on one thing in particular; their high yields of protein. I draw from my ethnographic fieldwork on practices of cooking with insects in the food laboratory to suggest that edibility, rather than a fixed quality of nutrition should be engaged as the result of an arduous work process situated amid ever-transforming divisions and connections. In times of calling upon ever more species to the canon of human industrial products, I argue, an important potential of ethnographic encounter lies in its abilities to raise questions of self-containment by bringing the muddles of collaboration to the fore of the discussion.
Sønderjyder i slesvigsk koncentrationslejr
Authors: Hansen Jens-Christian 
Published: May 2022

Syd- og sønderjyske modstandsfolk blev i efteråret 1944 deporteret til koncentrationslejren Husum-Schwesing i Sydslesvig. Husum var en af koncentrationslejren Neuengammes 87 udelejre og var blevet etableret for at huse fanger fra mange forskellige europæiske lande, der skulle grave tankspærringer. Lejren var en blandt flere kz-lejre langs Tyske Bugt og den nederlandske grænse, hvor kz-fanger blev udnyttet som slavearbejdere ved den såkaldte Friservold, der skulle stoppe en eventuel allieret invasion. På grund af de barske arbejdsbetingelser, vejret, volden, sulten og sygdomme kan Husum regnes blandt de lejre, hvor betingelserne for overlevelse var særligt barske for fangerne.
Kortlægning af national mindretalspolitik
Authors: Schaefer-Rolffs Adrian 
Published: May 2022

I marts 2015 kom det dansk-tyske grænseområde i centrum for den internationalebevågenhed, da festlighederne omkring København-Bonn-erklæringernes 60 års jubilæum fandt sted i Berlin. De unilaterale erklæringer, som Danmark og Tyskland underskrev i 1955 og som fortsat sikrer sikkerheden og eksistensen for regionens nationale mindretal, bliver betragtet som en milepæl i europæisk mindretalspolitik, men hvorfor er forholdene omkring de danske og tyske mindretal så bemærkelsesværdige? I denne artikel undersøges på grundlag af en række interviews med centrale politiske mindretalsaktører, hvordan mindretalspolitikken i det dansk-tyske grænseområde egentlig fungerer.
Etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft
Authors: Skauge Tom 
Published: May 2022

Har norsk økonomiutdanning fått et paradigmeskift med nye fag for etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft? Faglig innovasjon for bærekraftsmål ved 15 institusjoner for økonomi og administrasjon i Norge kan tyde på det. Universitets- og høgskolerådets strategiske enhet for økonomi og administrasjon (UHR-ØA) i Norge gav i 2018 anbefaling om ny faglig satsing på etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft. Det var første gang på lang tid at bachelorstudiets faglige søyler ble utvidet fra de fire disiplinene: Bedriftsøkonomi, samfunnsøkonomi, administrasjonsfag og metodefag. En ny faglig stolpe ble etablert: Etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft (ESAB). Alle 15 institusjoner som utdanner kandidater i Norge innen økonomi og administrasjon i Norge ble anmodet om å innføre kurs på 7.5 – 15 studiepoeng dedikert til ESAB-fag. Artikkelen baserer seg på tekst og kvantitative data fra institusjonsundersøkelser fra 2012, 2017 og 2020 om hvordan norske institusjoner «bottom up» har endret sine fagporteføljer og kurs for å bidra til ansvarlig utdanning. Artikkelen viser også effekter av «top down» anbefalinger om gi alle studenter ESAB-undervisning fra UHR-ØA. Data og problemstilling er drøftet med Frank Geels’ multi-level perspective, Andrew Abbots begrep om profesjonell kunnskap og jurisdiksjon og elementer fra institusjonsteori.
Good Faith Collaboration
Authors: Reagle Joseph 
Published: May 2022

How Wikipedia collaboration addresses the challenges of openness, consensus, and leadership in a historical pursuit for a universal encyclopedia.
Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, is built by a community—a community of Wikipedians who are expected to “assume good faith” when interacting with one another. In Good Faith Collaboration, Joseph Reagle examines this unique collaborative culture.
Wikipedia, says Reagle, is not the first effort to create a freely shared, universal encyclopedia; its early twentieth-century ancestors include Paul Otlet's Universal Repository and H. G. Wells's proposal for a World Brain. Both these projects, like Wikipedia, were fuelled by new technology—which at the time included index cards and microfilm. What distinguishes Wikipedia from these and other more recent ventures is Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture, as seen not only in the writing and editing of articles but also in their discussion pages and edit histories. Keeping an open perspective on both knowledge claims and other contributors, Reagle argues, creates an extraordinary collaborative potential.
Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been imitated, analyzed, and satirized. Despite the social unease over its implications for individual autonomy, institutional authority, and the character (and quality) of cultural products, Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the century-old pursuit of a universal encyclopedia.
Boosting
Authors: Schapire Robert E. , Freund Yoav 
Published: May 2022

An accessible introduction and essential reference for an approach to machine learning that creates highly accurate prediction rules by combining many weak and inaccurate ones.
Boosting is an approach to machine learning based on the idea of creating a highly accurate predictor by combining many weak and inaccurate “rules of thumb.” A remarkably rich theory has evolved around boosting, with connections to a range of topics, including statistics, game theory, convex optimization, and information geometry. Boosting algorithms have also enjoyed practical success in such fields as biology, vision, and speech processing. At various times in its history, boosting has been perceived as mysterious, controversial, even paradoxical.
This book, written by the inventors of the method, brings together, organizes, simplifies, and substantially extends two decades of research on boosting, presenting both theory and applications in a way that is accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds while also providing an authoritative reference for advanced researchers. With its introductory treatment of all material and its inclusion of exercises in every chapter, the book is appropriate for course use as well.
The book begins with a general introduction to machine learning algorithms and their analysis; then explores the core theory of boosting, especially its ability to generalize; examines some of the myriad other theoretical viewpoints that help to explain and understand boosting; provides practical extensions of boosting for more complex learning problems; and finally presents a number of advanced theoretical topics. Numerous applications and practical illustrations are offered throughout.
10 PRINT CHR$(205.5+RND(1)); : GOTO 10
Authors: Montfort Nick , Baudoin Patsy , Bell John , Bogost Ian , Douglass Jeremy , Marino Mark C. , Mateas Michael , Reas Casey , Sample Mark , Vawter Noah 
Published: May 2022

A single line of code offers a way to understand the cultural context of computing.
This book takes a single line of code—the extremely concise BASIC program for the Commodore 64 inscribed in the title—and uses it as a lens through which to consider the phenomenon of creative computing and the way computer programs exist in culture. The authors of this collaboratively written book treat code not as merely functional but as a text—in the case of 10 PRINT, a text that appeared in many different printed sources—that yields a story about its making, its purpose, its assumptions, and more. They consider randomness and regularity in computing and art, the maze in culture, the popular BASIC programming language, and the highly influential Commodore 64 computer.
Goal adjustment and well-being after an acquired brain injury: the role of cognitive flexibility and personality traits
Authors: Van Bost Gunther , Van Damme Stefaan , Crombez Geert 
Published: May 2022

Objective
The tendency to flexibly adjust goals that are hindered by chronic illness is related to indicators of wellbeing. However, cognitive flexibility is often impaired in persons with an acquired brain injury (ABI), possibly affecting the ability to flexibly adjust goals. In this study we examined whether cognitive flexibility is positively related with the ability to disengage from goals to reengage with goals in persons with ABI. Second, we explored whether goal adjustment abilities are predictive of a unique proportion of the variance inabilities are predictive of quality of life and life satisfaction after controlling for personality traits.

Method
Seventy-eight persons with an ABI completed a set of questionnaires. Goal disengagement and goal reengagement were assessed using the Wrosch Goal Adjustment Scale (GAS). Indicators of wellbeing were measured with the European Brain Injury Questionnaire (EBIQ) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The percentage of perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used as an indicator of cognitive inflexibility. Big Five personality traits were assessed via the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Four hierarchical multiple regression analyses were then conducted. The first two analyses tested the effect of cognitive flexibility on goal adjustment tendencies. The second two analyses tested whether goal adjustment has a predictive value for life satisfaction and QOL beyond personality.

Results
Cognitive flexibility was positively related to goal reengagement, but not to goal disengagement. Goal reengagement was positively associated with both quality of life and life satisfaction after controlling for demographic, illness characteristics and personality factors. Goal disengagement was negatively related to life satisfaction.

Conclusion
Flexible goal adjustment abilities have a unique explanatory value for indicators of wellbeing, beyond personality traits. The findings indicate that in persons with lower cognitive flexibility, goal reengagement ability might be negatively affected, and should be taking into account during rehabilitation.
Seamens’ Sign: a novel electrocardiogram prediction tool for left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Walker Philip , Jenkins Cathy A. , Hatcher Jeremy , Freeman Clifford , Srica Nickolas , Rosell Bryant , Hanna Eriny , March Cooper , Seamens Charles , Storrow Alan , McCoin Nicole 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) diagnosed by electrocardiogram (ECG) have increased mortality and higher risk for life-threatening cardiovascular disease. ECGs offer an opportunity to identify patients with increased risk for potential risk-modifying therapy. We developed a novel, quick, easy to use ECG screening criterion (Seamens’ Sign) for LVH. This new criterion was defined as the presence of QRS complexes touching or overlapping in two contiguous precordial leads.

Methods
This study was a retrospective chart review of 2,184 patient records of patients who had an ECG performed in the emergency department and a transthoracic echocardiogram performed within 90 days. The primary outcome was whether Seamens’ Sign was noninferior in confirming LVH compared to other common diagnostic criteria. Test characteristics were calculated for each of the LVH criteria. Inter-rater agreement was assessed on a random sample using Cohen’s Kappa.

Results
Median age was 63, 52% of patients were male and there was a 35% prevalence of LVH by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Nine percent were positive for LVH on ECG based on Seamens’ Sign. Seamens’ Sign had a specificity of 0.92. Tests assessing noninferiority indicated Seamens’ Sign was non-inferior to all criteria (p < 0.001) except for Cornell criterion for women (p = 0.98). Seamens’ Sign had 90% (0.81–1.00) inter-rater agreement, the highest of all criteria in this study.

Conclusion
When compared to both the Sokolow-Lyon criteria and the Cornell criterion for men, Seamens’ Sign is noninferior in ruling in LVH on ECG. Additionally, Seamens’ Sign has higher inter-rater agreement compared to both Sokolow-Lyon criteria as well as the Cornell criteria for men and women, perhaps related to its ease of use.
Carrier‐Transport Mechanism in Organic Antiambipolar Transistors Unveiled by Operando Photoemission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hayakawa Ryoma , Takeiri Soichiro , Yamada Yoichi , Wakayama Yutaka , Fukumoto Keiki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic antiambipolar transistors (AATs) have partially overlapped p–n junctions. At room temperature, this p–n junction induces a negative differential transconductance in an AAT. However, the detailed carrier‐transport mechanism remains unclear. Herein, an operando photoemission electron microscopy is used to tackle this issue owing to the technique's ability to visualize conductive electrons in real time during transistor operation. Notably, it is observed that when the AAT is on, a depletion layer forms at the lateral p–n junction. The visualized depletion layer shows that both p‐ and n‐type channels have pinch‐off states in the gate voltage range when the AAT is in on state. The steep potential gradient at the lateral p–n interface enhances the electron conduction from n‐type to p‐type semiconductor. Another significant finding is that most electrons are considered to recombine with the accumulated holes in the p‐type semiconductor, affording the reduction of photoemission intensity by ≈80%. This technique provides a thorough understanding of carrier transport in AATs, further improving the device performance.
Nonminimal Derivative Couplings and Inflation in Generalized Theories of Gravity
Authors: Capozziello S. , Lambiase G. , Schmidt H.‐J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study extended theories of gravity where nonminimal derivative couplings of the form Rklϕ,kϕ,l are present in the Lagrangian. We show how and why the other couplings of similar structure may be ruled out and then deduce the field equations and the related cosmological models. Finally, we get inflationary solutions which do follow neither from any effective scalar field potential nor from a cosmological constant introduced “by hand”, and we show the de Sitter space‐time to be an attractor solution.
Insulating state in open quantum dots and quantum dot arrays
Authors: Ge F. , Prasad C. , Andresen A. , Bird J.P. , Ferry D.K. , Lin L.‐H. , Aoki N. , Nakao K. , Ochiai Y. , Ishibashi K. , Aoyagi Y. , Sugano T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe describe the observation of novel localization in mesoscopic quantum dots and quantum dot arrays, which are realized in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions using the split‐gate technique. With a sufficient gate voltage applied to form the devices, their resistance diverges as the temperature is lowered below a degree Kelvin, behavior which we attribute to localization. Evidence for the localization is found over the entire range of gate voltage for which the dots are defined, persisting to conductances higher than 50e2/h.
Path integral quantization of the Poisson‐Sigma model
Authors: Hirshfeld Allen C. , Schwarzweller Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe apply the antifield quantization method of Batalin and Vilkovisky to the calculation of the path integral for the Poisson‐Sigma model in a general gauge. For a linear Poisson structure the model reduces to a nonabelian gauge theory, and we obtain the formula for the partition function of two‐dimensional Yang‐Mills theory for closed oriented two‐dimensional manifolds.
Path integral treatment for relativistic particles in external fields and quantized plane wave
Authors: Bentag B. , Boudjedaa T. , Chetouani L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of relativistic particles of spin 0 and 1/2, interacting with an external electromagnetic field and a quantized plane wave, is studied using the path integral framework. We take advantage of the existing properties of the interaction to introduce a delta functional in order to calculate Green's functions. This simply reduces the problem to two coupled oscillators. The energy spectrum and wave functions are calculated for the spin 0 case and the analogy with Jaynes‐Cummings model is made to derive the energy spectrum for the spin 1/2 case.
Nonlinear σ model treatment of quantum antiferromagnets in a magnetic field
Authors: Normand B. , Kyriakidis Jordan , Loss Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a theoretical analysis of the properties of low‐dimensional quantum antiferromagnets in applied magnetic fields. In a nonlinear σ model description, we use a spin stiffness analysis, a 1/N expansion, and a renormalization group approach to describe the broken‐symmetry regimes of finite magnetization, and, in cases of most interest, a low‐field regime where symmetry is restored by quantum fluctuations. We compute the magnetization, critical fields, spin correlation functions, and decay exponents accessible by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The model is relevant to many systems exhibiting Haldane physics, and provides good agreement with data for the two‐chain spin ladder compound CuHpCl.
Quantum Fields in Accelerated Frames
Authors: Narozhny N. , Fedotov A. , Karnakov B. , Mur V. , Belinskii V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe have considered quantization of free massive scalar field in Minkowski and Rindler spacetimes both in canonical and algebraic approaches. It is shown that general principles of quantum field theory do not give any grounds for existence of the Unruh effect.
Dilatonic formulation for conducting cosmic string models
Authors: Carter B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt can be shown how the the introduction of a suitably defined dilatonic auxiliary field, Φ say, makes it possible for the non‐linear Lagrangian for a generic elastic string model, of the kind appropriate for representing superconducting cosmic strings, to be converted into a standardised form as the sum of a kinetic term that is just homogeneously quadratic in the relevant scalar phase gradient (as in a simple linear model) together with a potential energy term, V say, that is specified as a generically non‐linear function of Φ. The explicit form of this function is derived for various noteworthy examples, of which the most memorable is that of the transonic string model, as characterised by a given mass scale, m say, for which this potential energy density will be expressible in terms of the zero current limit value Φ0 of Φ by
The null condition and asymptotic expansions for the Einstein equations
Authors: Choquet‐Bruhat Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe global existence of solutions of non linear wave equations on the Minkowski spacetime of dimension 4 is linked with the non linearities satisfying the “null condition” discovered by Klainerman and Christodoulou. This null condition also improves local existence results, lowering the sufficient regularity of the Cauchy data. The non linear stability of the Minkowski spacetime among solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations relies on estimates for the Weyl tensor probably linked with some kind of null condition. It had been proved long ago that the significant part of an high frequency gravitational wave in General Relativity obeys a transport law along the rays which is linear, but inflicts a “back reaction” on the background metric. These two properties reflect the fact that the Einstein equations satisfy almost, but not quite, a “polarized” null condition. We will explicit this result, also for associated field equations, and explain its relation with the properties of high frequency waves.
Infinities in Quantum Gravities
Authors: Deser S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe first present a review, intended for classical relativists, of the ultraviolet difficulties faced by local quantum gravity theories in both the usual Einstein versions and in their supergravity extensions, at least perturbatively. These problems, present in arbitrary dimensions, are traceable to the dimensionality of the Einstein constant.We then summarize very recent results about supergravity at the highest allowed dimension, D = 11, showing that also this unique model suffers from infinities already at 2 loops, despite its high degree of supersymmetry. The conclusion is that there is no viable nonghost quantum field model that includes general relativity.
Giant Arc Statistics and Cosmological Parameters
Authors: Kaufmann R. , Straumann N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study with semi‐analytical methods the statistics of pronounced arcs caused by lensing of galaxies by foreground galaxy clusters. For the number density and redshift distribution of rich clusters we use Press‐Schechter theory, normalized on the basis of empirical data. For the background sources we make use of observational results in the Hubble Deep Field. We present results for three different lens models, in particular for the universal profile suggested by Navarro, Frenk and White. Our primary concern is the dependence of the expected statistics on the cosmological parameters, ΩM, ΩΛ. The theoretical estimates are compared with the cluster arcs survey EMSS, and the resulting constraints in the Ω‐plane are presented. In spite of considerable theoretical an observational uncertainties a low‐density universe is favored. Degeneracy curves for the optical depth and likelihood regions for the arc statistics in the Ω‐plane depend only weakly on the cosmological constant.