bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian SIR model with change points with application to the Omicron wave in Singapore
Authors: Gu Jiaqi , Yin Guosheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Omicron variant has led to a new wave of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, with unprecedented numbers of daily confirmed new cases in many countries and areas. To analyze the impact of society or policy changes on the development of the Omicron wave, the stochastic susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model with change points is proposed to accommodate the situations where the transmission rate and the removal rate may vary significantly at change points. Bayesian inference based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to estimate both the locations of change points as well as the transmission rate and removal rate within each stage. Experiments on simulated data reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method, and several stages are detected in analyzing the Omicron wave data in Singapore.
Spatial‐temporal learning structure for short‐term load forecasting
Authors: Ganjouri Mahtab , Moattari Mazda , Forouzantabar Ahmad , Azadi Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the power system operational/planning studies, it is a crucial task to provide the load consumption information in the look‐ahead times. The huge variation of the power system infrastructure in recent years has led to significant changes in the consumers’ consumption pattern. Therefore, short‐term load forecasting (STLF) is transformed to a more complicated problem in recent years. To address this issue, this paper proposes a graph‐based deep neural network to capture full spatial‐temporal features and be able to oversee high volatility time series including load sequence. The proposed spatial deep learning structure benefits from learning the spatial feature using Gabor filter‐oriented layers and full understanding the temporal behaviour based on bidirectional networks. The designed learning‐based system is developed as a graph‐based learning system to improve the accuracy considering the meteorological information behaviour. To verify the performance of the designed deep graph network, the actual load data of Shiraz, Iran, is used. Besides, to demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed, the designed deep graph network is compared with three well‐known shallow and deep networks in different cases including yearly performance, seasonal performance, and sensitivity analysis on the meteorological data.
Cosmic-ray electron transport in the galaxy M 51
Authors: Dörner Julien , Reichherzer Patrick , Becker Tjus Julia , Heesen Volker 
Published: December 2022

Context.Indirect observations of the cosmic-ray electron (CRE) distribution via synchrotron emission is crucial for deepening the understanding of the CRE transport in the interstellar medium, and in investigating the role of galactic outflows.Aims.In this paper, we quantify the contribution of diffusion- and advection-dominated transport of CREs in the galaxy M51 considering relevant energy loss processes.Methods.We used recent measurement from M 51 that allow for the derivation of the diffusion coefficient, the star formation rate, and the magnetic field strength. With this input, we solved the 3D transport equation numerically including the spatial dependence as provided by the measurements, using the open-source transport framework CRPropa (v3.1). We included 3D transport (diffusion and advection), and the relevant loss processes.Results.We find that the data can be described well with the parameters from recent measurements. For the best fit, it is required that the wind velocity, following from the observed star formation rate, must be decreased by a factor of 5. We find a model in which the inner galaxy is dominated by advective escape and the outer galaxy is composed by both diffusion and advection.Conclusions.Three-dimensional modelling of cosmic-ray transport in the face-on galaxy M51 allows for conclusions about the strength of the outflow of such galaxies by quantifying the need for a wind in the description of the cosmic-ray signatures. This opens up the possibility of investigating galactic winds in face-on galaxies in general.
[18F]FDG-PET zur Differenzialdiagnostik und Prognostik der neurodegenerativen Parkinson-Syndrome: Update 2022
Authors: Meyer Philipp T. , Brumberg Joachim , Buhmann Carsten , Buchert Ralph 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) mit [18F]Fluordesoxyglukose
([18F]FDG) ist eine etablierte bildgebende Methode zur Diagnostik der
neurodegenerativen Parkinson-Syndrome. In der vorliegenden Arbeit geben wir nach einer
Einführung in den klinisch-neurologischen Kontext eine aktualisierte Übersicht über die
mittlerweile sehr umfangreiche Evidenz (u.a. basierend auf post
mortem Studien und aktuellen Metaanalysen), dass die [18F]FDG-PET
erkrankungsspezifische Muster des zerebralen Glukosestoffwechsels bei den einzelnen
Parkinson-Syndromen abbilden und damit einen über die klinische Diagnose hinausgehenden
differenzialdiagnostischen Beitrag liefern kann. Dies betrifft sowohl die Abgrenzung des
idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms (IPS) von den atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen (APS), als auch
die Trennung der APS untereinander. Ferner fassen wir die aktuelle Studienlage zur Wertigkeit
der [18F]FDG-PET zur Prognose der Entwicklung einer Demenz beim IPS zusammen.
Hierbei gehen wir jeweils auch auf den Beitrag konkurrierender bildgebender Verfahren ein.
Abschließend diskutieren wir jüngste technische Entwicklungen und die Kosteneffektivität der
[18F]FDG-PET am Beispiel der Abklärung zur Tiefen-Hirnstimulation.
Retrograde Training: Effects on Lower Body Strength and
Power
Authors: Ferley Derek D. , Osborn Roy , Vukovich Matt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackward walking and running on positive grades (retrograde training) represents
a closed kinetic chain exercise used by rehabilitation specialists for
patellofemoral-related injuries. To date, no longitudinal studies exist to
support it use. This investigation examined the effects of retrograde training
on lower body strength and power in recreational athletes aged 18–50
years over 6 weeks. Thirty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1
performed retrograde training 3 days∙wk−1 using
treadmill speeds, grades and bout durations ranging from
1.6–4.9 m∙sec−1,
2.5–27.5% and 10–30 seconds, respectively (RG,
n=19). Group 2 was a control group who continued their normal training
(CON, n=18). Pre- and posttests assessed a variety of unilateral and
bilateral measures including vertical and linear jumps, one repetition maximum
leg press strength, and positive and negative power during weighted squat
jumping on a horizontal leg press with a force plate. RG improved significantly
in all tests (P<0.05). Mean effect size (ES) of the relative improvement
in a majority of tests revealed a moderate to very large ES of RG training (ES
range: 0.77–2.71). We conclude retrograde training effective for
improving lower body strength and power in recreational athletes.
A Patient Diagnosed with Mosaic Trisomy 18 Presenting New Symptoms: Diaphragmatic Relaxation and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome. Updated Review of Mosaic Trisomy 18 Cases
Authors: Kósa Magdolna , Horváth Emese , Kalmár Tibor , Maróti Zoltán , Földesi Imre , Bereczki Csaba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough data on T18 are widespread, there is a lack of knowledge on mosaic trisomy 18 (mT18). A current review of mT18 symptomatology, long-term follow-up, and potential health risks is lacking for health care professionals. Our paper addresses these, emphasizing the importance of regular tumor screening as a key message for mT18 patient follow-up. We also present the case of a female patient with mT18 who presented with diaphragmatic relaxation and cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), which had previously not been reported in this genetic condition. On further investigating the etiology of CVS, we revealed a novel mitochondrial mutation in the MT-ND6 gene in heteroplasmic form. Based on the literature, we hypothesize that the mitochondrial mutation together with mT18 could result in CVS.
Development of a hardened THz energy meter for use on the kilojoule-scale, short-pulse OMEGA EP laser
Authors: Bruhaug G. , Rinderknecht H. G. , E Y. , Wei M. S. , Brannon R. B. , Guy D. , Peck R. G. , Landis N. , Brent G. , Fairbanks R. , McAtee C. , Walker T. , Buczek T. , Krieger M. , Romanofsky M. H. , Mileham C. , Francis K. G. , Zhang X. C. , Collins G. W. , Rygg J. R. 
Published: December 2022

A highly adaptable and robust terahertz (THz) energy meter is designed and implemented to detect energetic THz pulses from high-intensity (&gt;1018 W/cm2) laser–plasma interactions on the OMEGA EP. THz radiation from the laser driven target is detected by a shielded pyrometer. A second identical pyrometer is used for background subtraction. The detector can be configured to detect THz pulses in the 1 mm to 30 μm (0.3- to 10-THz) range and pulse energies from joules to microjoules via changes in filtration, aperture size, and position. Additional polarization selective filtration can also be used to determine the THz pulse polarization. The design incorporates significant radiation and electromagnetic pulse shielding to survive and operate within the OMEGA EP radiation environment. We describe the design, operational principle, calibration, and testing of the THz energy meter. The pyrometers were calibrated using a benchtop laser and show linear sensitivity to up to 1000 nJ of absorbed energy. The initial results from four OMEGA EP THz experiments detected up to ∼15μJ at the detector, which can correspond to hundreds of mJ depending on THz emission and reflection models.
Unshielded portable optically pumped magnetometer for the remote detection of conductive objects using eddy current measurements
Authors: Rushton L. M. , Pyragius T. , Meraki A. , Elson L. , Jensen K. 
Published: December 2022

Electrically conductive objects can be detected using the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a primary oscillating magnetic field induces eddy currents in the object, which in turn produce a secondary magnetic field that can be measured with a magnetometer. We have developed a portable radio-frequency optically pumped magnetometer (RF OPM) working in unshielded conditions with sub-pT/Hz magnetic field sensitivity when used for the detection of small oscillating magnetic fields, setting a new benchmark for the sensitivity of a portable RF OPM in unshielded conditions. Using this OPM, we have detected the induced magnetic field from aluminum disks with diameters as small as 1.5 cm and with the disks being ∼25 cm from both the excitation coil and the magnetometer. When used for eddy current detection, our magnetometer achieves a sensitivity of a 2–6 pT/Hz. We have also detected a moving aluminum disk using our RF OPM and analyzed the magnetometer signals, which depend on the position of the disk, illustrating the potential of high sensitivity RF OPMs for remote sensing applications.
X-ray spectroscopy of laser produced Al plasma near the target surface in a laser ion source
Authors: Lu Y. T. , Shao C. J. , Zhang J. J. , An L. F. , Sun L. T. , Zhao H. Y. , Zhao H. W. 
Published: December 2022

The spatially resolved x-ray spectrum of a laser produced Al plasma near the target surface has been obtained in the energy range of 1.5–2.2 keV using a compact flat crystal spectrometer. The widely used temperature and density diagnostics, the line ratios of Lyα/Heβ and IC/Heα, were measured and compared with the calculation results of a steady-state collisional-radiative model so that the temperature and density profiles with a spatial resolution of 55 µm were obtained within 200 µm from the target plane. The plasma parameters derived from the spatially integrated spectrum were used to calculate the ionization state distribution near the target surface with the steady-state model, and the result was compared with the ion charge state distribution measured with an Electrostatic Ion Analyzer (EIA) at a distance of 4.2 m from the target surface. The validity of the steady-state model and the difference between the calculated ion charge state distribution and that measured with the EIA are discussed.
Age-related brain atrophy is not a homogenous process: Different functional brain networks associate differentially with aging and blood factors
Authors: Markov Nikola T. , Lindbergh Cutter A. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Perez Kevin , Stevens Michael , Nguyen Khiem , Murad Natalia F. , Fonseca Corrina , Campisi Judith , Kramer Joel , Furman David 
Published: December 2022

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of brain volume at an estimated rate of 5% per decade after age 40. While these morphometric changes, especially those affecting gray matter and atrophy of the temporal lobe, are predictors of cognitive performance, the strong association with aging obscures the potential parallel, but more specific role, of individual subject physiology. Here, we studied a cohort of 554 human subjects who were monitored using structural MRI scans and blood immune protein concentrations. Using machine learning, we derived a cytokine clock (CyClo), which predicted age with good accuracy (Mean Absolute Error = 6 y) based on the expression of a subset of immune proteins. These proteins included, among others, Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), both involved in angiogenesis, the chemoattractant vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), the canonical inflammatory proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), the chemoattractant IP-10 (CXCL10), and eotaxin-1 (CCL11), previously involved in brain disorders. Age, sex, and the CyClo were independently associated with different functionally defined cortical networks in the brain. While age was mostly correlated with changes in the somatomotor system, sex was associated with variability in the frontoparietal, ventral attention, and visual networks. Significant canonical correlation was observed for the CyClo and the default mode, limbic, and dorsal attention networks, indicating that immune circulating proteins preferentially affect brain processes such as focused attention, emotion, memory, response to social stress, internal evaluation, and access to consciousness. Thus, we identified immune biomarkers of brain aging which could be potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
Chronotopes of war and dread in pandemic times
Authors: Perrino Sabina M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the first months of 2020, our everyday life suddenly changed when the novel Coronavirus started to infect humans at a very fast rate, causing serious respiratory and other diseases, death, and fear of the unknown. Local friends and family members shared traumatic stories, images, and videoclips about death and dread in Northern Italy, where the first confirmed COVID-19 cases were discovered, just two months after the virus was first detected in Wuhan, China (Worobey, 2021). Inspired byBakhtin’s (1981)notion of chronotope, by autoethnography and phenomenology, within a linguistic anthropological framework, this article examines how individuals have been embodying COVID-19 related uncertainties and fears in their everyday life. Through the analysis of (auto)ethnographic narratives, recontextualized images and videoclips, including the ones related to the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, I show how regionalizedchronotopes of warand more globalchronotopes of dreadhave emerged and solidified across pandemic times.
Wafer level hermetic bonding and packaging using recrystallized parylene
Authors: Maharshi Vikram , Ahmad Imran , Agarwal Ajay , Mitra Bhaskar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work reports a wafer-level vacuum packaging technique for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) using recrystallized parylene material as a bonding layer. The effect of thermal annealing on the crystallinity of the parylene surface was demonstrated. The low-temperature, stable, homogeneous, and defect-free recrystallized parylene is found as an excellent bonding material for hermetic packages, suitable for the packaging of MEMS sensors. The material’s recrystallization improves its capabilities as a moisture and air barrier. The mechanical stability of the bond interface was also investigated by measuring the package’s tensile and shear strength. In the absence of a vacuum bonding tool, a Ti getter was integrated into the cavity of the glass capping wafer to create the vacuum and test the hermeticity. The MEMS silicon Pirani gauge was used to monitor the pressure changes inside the sealed cavity. After the getter activation, it was observed that there was a decrease in the pressure from atmospheric pressure to 0.2 mbar for the first few days; after that, no noticeable change was observed. The hermeticity of the packaged device was examined, and the vacuum level inside the package remained the same for the last 70 d. The recrystallized parylene bonded micro package shows better hermeticity than the non-recrystallized parylene micro package.
Discerning the transition from electromagnetically induced transparency to Autler–Townes splitting using the decaying dressed state formalism
Authors: Mishra Abhay , Jagatap B N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We use biorthogonal basis consisting of the ‘right’ and ‘left’ eigenvectors of the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian of a three-level

Λ

system driven by a bi-chromatic field, and resolve the probe absorption spectrum into components corresponding to the decaying dressed states of the system. It is observed that the spectrum primarily consists of three components and two of them undergo dramatic changes when the control field Rabi frequency is changed from the low to high field regime. Based on the symmetry properties of a combination of these components, a parameter internal to the dynamics of the system is defined and is used to distinguish between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes (AT) splitting, and the threshold for transition between them in an objective manner. The formulation is further extended to the resonance fluorescence spectrum on the probe transition in the EIT and AT regimes.
Spin Josephson effects of spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in a non-Hermitian double well
Authors: Tang Jia , Hu Zhou , Zeng Zhao-Yun , Xiao Jinpeng , Li Lei , Chen Yajiang , Chen Ai-Xi , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the spin and tunneling dynamics of a spin–orbit-coupled noninteracting Bose–Einstein condensate in a periodically driven non-Hermitian double-well potential. Under high-frequency driving, we obtain the effective time-averaged Hamiltonian by using the standard time-averaging method, and analytically calculate the Floquet quasienergies, revealing that the parity-time (

)-breaking phase transition appears even for arbitrarily small non-Hermitian parameters when the spin–orbit coupling strength takes half-integer value, irrespective of the values of other parameters used. When the system is

-symmetric with balanced gain and loss, we find numerically and analytically that in the broken

-symmetric regions, there will exist the net spin current together with a vanishing atomic current, if we drop the contribution of the exponential growth of the norm to the current behaviors. When the system is non-

-symmetric, though the quasienergies are partial complex, a stable net spin current can be generated by controlling the periodic driving field, which is accompanied by a spatial localization of the condensate in the well with gain. The results deepen the understanding of non-Hermitian physics and could be useful for engineering a variety of devices for spintronics.
Optimizing the magnetic and giant magneto-impedance (GMI) properties of glass-coated amorphous Co-based wires via single- and two-step direct current annealing
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Liu Binbin , Xu Zerui , Zhou Guohua , Wilde Gerhard , Ye Feng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of both single- and two-step direct current (DC) annealing procedures on the magnetic properties (including the giant magneto-impedance (GMI)) of glass-coated Co66Fe6Si13B15 amorphous wires were evaluated. For both methods, the GMI ratio initially increased with the current intensity and reached a peak value before declining at higher current intensities. A maximum improvement of the GMI ratio of about five times was obtained for the two-step DC-annealed sample, while that for single-step DC-annealed samples was only 2.44 times. A higher GMI sensitivity was also observed for the two-step DC-annealed wires. The better GMI performance of the two-step DC annealed samples was attributed to the more homogeneously distributed precipitation in the matrix and the ordered circumferential magnetic domains on the surface. The results obtained further imply that DC annealing at a higher current intensity but over a shorter treatment time is a more efficient and energy-saving method for enhancing the GMI performance of Co-based amorphous wires for potential industrial applications.
Mechanical properties and multifunctionality of AlB2-type transition metal diborides
*
Authors: Li Zhuang , Zhao Bo , Wang Lu , Tao Qiang , Zhu Pinwen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Transition metal diborides (TMdBs, P6/mmm, AlB2-type) have attracted much attention for decades, due to TMdBs can be conductors, superconductors, magnetism materials, and catalysts. The layered structure caused by the borophene subunit is the source of functions and also makes TMdBs a potential bank of Mbene. However, TMdBs also exhibit high hardness which is not supposed to have in the layered structure. The high hardness of TMdBs arises from covalent bonds of boron–boron (B–B) and strong p–d orbit hybridization of B and TM. While strong B–TM bonds will eliminate the layered structure which may damage the functional properties. Understanding the basic mechanism of hardness and function is significant to achieve optimal TMdBs. This work summarizes the basic properties of TMdBs including hardness, superconductor, and catalytic properties. It can be found that Young’s modulus (E) and Shear modulus (G) are beneficial for the hardness of TMdBs and the Poisson’s ratio is the opposite. Increasing the atomic radius of TM brings an improvement in the hardness of TMdBs before it reaches the highest value of 1.47 Å, beyond which hardness decreases. Besides, TMdBs also have excellent activity comparable with some noble metals for hydrogen evolution reaction, which is closely related to the d-band center. More importantly, higher valence electron concentrations were found to be adverse to the hardness and superconductivity of TMdBs and greatly affect their catalytic properties. This review is of guiding significance for further exploring the relationship between structures and properties of TMdBs.
Fast and accurate 3D topography measurement based on a novel synthesis pattern method
Authors: Zheng Renhao , Wan Maosen , Zhang Wei , Yu Liandong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prompt and accurate measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) contours of complex surfaces is currently a key research direction. In the current study, we presented a fast grayscale stripe synthesis method based on focused binary patterns. Specifically, by encoding a group of binary patterns, the patterns were captured by the camera within one exposure time cycle and synthesized into a grayscale-intensity triangular wave stripe pattern. Importantly, this method utilized the fast projection rate of the binary pattern, improved the speed of stripe projection, and prevented nonlinearity in the 3D measurement of stripe projection by synthesizing the gray pattern in the form of a binary pattern.