bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Payment systems for dialysis and their effects: a scoping review
Authors: Emrani Zahra , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Daroudi Rajabali , Najafi Mohammad Taghi , sari Ali Akbari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major health concern and a large drain on healthcare resources. A wide range of payment methods are used for management of ESRD. The main aim of this study is to identify current payment methods for dialysis and their effects.
Method
In this scoping review Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched from 2000 until 2021 using appropriate search strategies. Retrieved articles were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria. Data about the study characteristics and study results were extracted by a pre-structured data extraction form; and were analyzed by a thematic analysis approach.
Results
59 articles were included, the majority of them were published after 2011 (66%); all of them were from high and upper middle-income countries, especially USA (64% of papers). Fee for services, global budget, capitation (bundled) payments, and pay for performance (P4P) were the main reimbursement methods for dialysis centers; and FFS, salary, and capitation were the main methods to reimburse the nephrologists. Countries have usually used a combination of methods depending on their situations; and their methods have been further developed over time specially from the retrospective payment systems (RPS) towards the prospective payment systems (PPS) and pay for performance methods. The main effects of the RPS were undertreatment of unpaid and inexpensive services, and over treatment of payable services. The main effects of the PPS were cost saving, shifting the service cost outside the bundle, change in quality of care, risk of provider, and modality choice.
Conclusion
This study provides useful insights about the current payment systems for dialysis and the effects of each payment system; that might be helpful for improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare.
Noise effects on purity and quantum entanglement in terms of physical implementability
Authors: Yang Shuo , Guo Yuchen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quantum decoherence due to imperfect manipulation of quantum devices is a key issue in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Standard analyses in quantum information and quantum computation use error rates to parameterize quantum noise channels. However, there is no explicit relation between the decoherence effect induced by a noise channel and its error rate. In this work, we propose to characterize the decoherence effect of a noise channel by the physical implementability of its inverse, which is a universal parameter quantifying the difficulty to simulate the noise inverse with accessible quantum channels. We establish two concise inequalities connecting the decrease of the state purity and logarithmic negativity after a noise channel to the physical implementability of the noise inverse. Our results are numerically demonstrated on several commonly adopted two- qubit noise models. We believe that these relations contribute to the theoretical research on the entanglement properties of noise channels and provide guiding principles for quantum circuit design.
HIV-1 infection of human tonsils activates CD4+ T cell oxidative phosphorylation and myeloid NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Freeman Tracey , Zhao Connie , Schrode Nadine , Tweel Benjamin , Fortune Trinisia , Schroff Sanjana , Beaumont Kristin , Swartz Talia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to a chronic, incurable infection that causes immune activation, resulting in chronic inflammation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) despite virologic suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanisms underlying this chronic inflammation are multifactorial; literature supports the role of lymphoid structures as reservoirs for viral latency and immune activation. Analysis of the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes induced by HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue has not been conducted. Human tonsil explants from four donors were infected with HIV-1 ex vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA Seq) was performed to evaluate the represented cell types and the impact of infection, differential gene expression, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Infected CD4+ T cells exhibited increased respiratory electron transport pathway genes. Myeloid cells with low HIV-1 transcript demonstrated increased NLRP3 inflammasome pathway genes, suggesting that these cells may play a “bystander” role in HIV-associated inflammatory pathogenesis. We propose that HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells activate oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in excess ATP efflux. Bystander myeloid cells sense the resulting extracellular ATP, thereby triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory signaling pathways, and pyroptotic cell death. These observations support important mechanistic understanding to drive the development of therapeutic strategies to eradicate disease in PWH.
Microalgae colonization and trace element accumulation on the plastisphere of marine plastic debris in Monastir Bay (Eastern Tunisia)
Authors: Tarchi Mondher , Zaaboub Noureddine , Alsubih Majed , Brik Bochra , Martins Maria Virgínia Alves , Aleya Lotfi , Trabelsi Lamia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In this study, we examined the epiplastic microalgal community that developed on low-density polyethylene (LD-PE) plastic debris found in two distinct regions of the Monastir Bay (Tunisia): the coast exposed to anthropogenic discharges and the open sea in front of the Kuriat Islands. The analysis of trace elements accumulated in the plastisphere was also carried out. The collected plastispheres were predominantly composed of cyanobacteria. Chlorophytes and diatoms were also found. Euglenophyceae was also recorded but with comparatively low relative abundance (RA), whereas dinoflagellates were almost absent. The diatom showed a high diversity of species (25 species). Potentially harmful microalgae (PHM) were more abundant in the plastisphere than in seawater at all stations. For all coastal area stations, most of the PHM colonizing the plastisphere are potentially harmful cyanobacteria. For S1 (offshore station), the PHM community profile was characterized by the dominance of potentially harmful diatoms. The main potentially harmful cyanobacterium identified on the plastisphere was Phormidium sp. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was the only potentially harmful diatom observed on the plastisphere. Accumulation of trace elements in plastisphere was higher than that in sediments. Trace elements in plastisphere are ranked with a very high contamination factor at all sites, according to the sequence Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni > Zn. The accumulation of trace elements in the plastisphere is highest near areas with harbor and industrial activities and the urban rejects zone.
Effect of preemptive treatment of esketamine versus sufentanil on hemodynamics in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yi-ying , Yang Xin , Zhang Jianxi , Liang Xiaoshen , Zhang Shuai , Guo Qulian , Huang Chang-sheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

BackgroundːIn laryngeal microsurgery, the insertion of the suspension laryngoscope is a strong stimulus that may cause hemodynamic fluctuations and adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of preemptive treatment with esketamine and sufentanil on maintaining hemodynamics and reducing the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during the insertion of suspension laryngoscope.MethodsːIn this double-blind randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing general anesthesia for laryngeal microsurgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to esketamine 0.5 mg kg− 1(esketamine group) and sufentanyl 0.125 µg kg− 1(sufentanil group) before inserting the laryngoscope, respectively.ResultsːDuring the insertion of suspension laryngoscope, the incidence of bradycardia (HR < 60 beats/min) was 39.3% (22/56) in esketamine group, lower than 60.0% (33/55) in sufentanil group (P = 0.029). The incidence of hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) was 33.9% (19/56) in esketamine group, lower than 56.4% (31/55) in sufentanil group (P = 0.018). The frequency of hypotension in esketamine group was lower than that in sufentanil group (0.36 ± 0.52 vs 0.56 ± 0.50, P = 0.035). The time-weighted average of HR dropping above 30% of baseline was smaller in esketamine group than in sufentanil group (0.52 ± 2.06 vs 1.08 ± 2.77, P = 0.006).ConclusionsːThese findings showed that compared with preemptive treatment of sufentanil (0.125 µg kg− 1), esketamine (0.5 mg kg− 1) was effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events such as bradycardia and hypotension induced by insertion of suspension laryngoscope during the laryngeal microsurgery.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000041187. Registered on 21/12/2020.
Lack of GPR180 ameliorates hepatic lipid depot via downregulation of mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Yoshida Ken , Yokota Kazuha , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Tsuda Hidetoshi , Matsumoto Ayumi , Mizukami Hiroaki , Iwamoto Sadahiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our previous genome-wide association study to explore genetic loci associated with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Japan suggested four candidate loci, which were mapped to chr6, chr7, chr12 and chr13. The present study aimed to identify the locus involved functionally in NAFLD around the association signal observed in chr13. Chromosome conformation capture assay and a database survey suggested the intermolecular interaction among DNA fragments in association signals with the adjacent four coding gene promoters. The four genes were further screened by knockdown (KD) in mice using shRNA delivered by an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV8), and KD of G protein-coupled receptor 180 (Gpr180) showed amelioration of hepatic lipid storage. Gpr180 knockout (KO) mice also showed ameliorated hepatic and plasma lipid levels without influencing glucose metabolism after high-fat diet intake. Transcriptome analyses showed downregulation of mTORC1 signaling and cholesterol homeostasis, which was confirmed by weakened phosphorylation of mTOR and decreased activated SREBPs in Gpr180KO mice and a human hepatoma cell line (Huh7). AAV8-mediated hepatic rescue of GPR180 expression in KO mice showed recovery of plasma and hepatic lipid levels. In conclusion, ablation of GPR180 ameliorated plasma and hepatic lipid levels, which was mediated by downregulation of mTORC1 signaling.
Experimental analysis on the influence of the tool micro geometry on the wear behavior in gear hobbing
Authors: Hendricks Steffen , Kühn Felix , Troß Nico , Brimmers Jens , Bergs Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gear hobbing is a well-established manufacturing process for cylindrical spur gears. The cutting edge of a hobbing tool is, among others, characterized by the cutting edge radius and the form-factor K. The magnitude of these parameters is ideally chosen based on the machining conditions given by the workpiece and cutting material, the cutting parameters as well as the gear and tool geometry. However, the influence of the cutting edge geometry on tool life and wear behavior is hardly known, which complicates an optimized tool design. Furthermore, the preparation process regarding the coating thickness distribution on the wear behavior is equally relevant. Therefore, the objective was to identify the influence of the cutting edge radius, the form-factor K and the preparation process on the wear behavior of gear hobbing tools made of powder metallurgical high speed steel (PM-HSS). Fly-cutting trials were performed as an analogy process for gear hobbing in order to study the wear behavior and identify the respective tool lives. The trials indicated that the form-factor K influences the wear behavior, while a variation of the cutting edge radius did not have a significant effect. A homogenous coating thickness could extend the tool life significantly.
Short and long term predictors of pain severity and interference in primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and depression
Authors: Rambla Concepció , Aragonès Enric , Pallejà-Millán Meritxell , Tomé-Pires Catarina , López-Cortacans Germán , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Miró Jordi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic pain and depression are frequent comorbidities in primary care. Depression and other clinical, psychological and social factors influence the clinical course of chronic pain.Objective: To study the short and long-term predictive factors of severity and interference of chronic pain in primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and major depression.Methods: Longitudinal study of a cohort of 328 patients. The outcomes are severity and functional interference of pain (Brief Pain Inventory) measured at 3 and 12 months.Results: 83% participants were women; average age was 60.3 years (SD=10.2). In multivariate models, baseline pain intensity predicted pain intensity at 3 months (β= 0.48; 95% CI=0.30-0.67) and at 12 months (β=0.39; 95% CI=0.17-0.61). Also, pain >2 years of evolution predicted long term pain intensity (β=0.86; CI95%=0.05-1.66). Occupational status as active worker predicted lower intensity at 12 months (β=-0.78; CI95%=-1.53 ​​to -0.03). Baseline pain interference predicted interference at 3 and 12 months (β=0.25; 95%CI=0.09-0.41 and β=0.22; 95%CI=0.02-0.41, respectively). Pain >2 years predicted greater interference at 12 months (β=1.07; CI95%=0.24-1.89). Physical comorbidity (Duke Severity of Illness score) was associated with greater interference in the short term (β=0.02; CI95 %= 0.00-2.05). Occupational status as active worker predicted less interference throughout the follow-up (β=-0.72; CI95%=-1.34 to -0.11 and β=-0.95; CI95%=-1.70 to -0.21, at 3 and 12 months).With regard to the psychological variables, catastrophism (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) predicted greater pain intensity and interference at three months (β=0.35; 95% CI=0.03-0.68 and β=0.36; 95% CI =0.02-0.71), but not long term.Conclusion: In a sample of adults with chronic pain and depression, this primary care study has identified various prognostic factors that independently predict the intensity and functional interference of pain. These factors should be targeted for individualized interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02605278), registered 16/11/2015.
Optimal dose of normal saline for confirming correct peripheral venous access with precordial Doppler ultrasonography: a triple-blinded, randomized controlled study
Authors: Omori Ayaka , Otaki Yuji , Tanaka Motoi , Miyazu Mitsunori , Ohde Sachiko , Kojima Taiki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Precordial Doppler ultrasound technology can be utilized to confirm correct peripheral intravenous vascular (PIV) access in children. This study aimed to determine the minimally required dose of normal saline (NS) for confirming correct PIV access. Healthy children were randomly allocated to receive a 0.1 mL/kg, 0.3 mL/kg, or 0.5 mL/kg dose of NS injected via PIV access. Two independent raters judged the change in the recorded precordial Doppler sound test (S-test) before and after NS injection. Typically, rapid injection of NS increased the pitch of the heartbeat as the injection volume increased. Changes in blood flow velocity test (V-test) results were evaluated using a cut-off value of 1 cm/s. Both in the S- and V-tests, the detection rate of correct PIV access was lower with 0.1 mL/kg NS than with 0.3 mL/kg or 0.5 mL/kg. Logistic regression analysis showed that the positive results in both the S- and V-tests were significantly decreased with a 0.1 mL/kg NS; no significant difference was observed with a 0.3 mL/kg NS (reference dose: 0.5 mL/kg). These results suggest 0.3 mL/kg is a minimally required dose of NS for confirming correct PIV access. This study is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000041330).
Plant hormones and metabolites related to the resistance response to feeding stimulation and leaf clipping control in Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.)
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Zhou Guona , Sun Tianhua , Wang Lifeng , Xu Qiang , Liu Junxia , Gao Baojia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To define changes in metabolic pathways in response to mandibulate insect feeding and to provide a reference for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of conifer resistance, Chinese pine ( Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) in good growth status in Huangtuliangzi Forest Farm Pingquan city, Chengde city, Hebei Province, was stimulated by 10 pine caterpillars ( Dendrolimus tabulaefomis Tsai et Liu) as feeding stimulation (FS) and leaf clipping control (LCC) as mechanical damage. The metabolome and total flavonoid content were measured in the needles at 0 (with no treatment, CK), 2, and 8 h after treatment. Plant hormones were measured with needles at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after different treatments. The plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and auxin (IAA) were upregulated within a short time (2 h) after treatment, showing an expression trend consistent with the corresponding substances in the metabolome. A total of 30.8% of flavonoids were identified by metabolomics analysis. Analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways for the different accumulated metabolites (DAMs) showed that the top pathway annotated and enriched for DAMs in comparison to 2 h after FS (marked as 2 h) and 2 h after LCC (marked as LCC 2 h) was flavonoid biosynthesis; the top pathway mainly annotated and enriched for DAMs in comparison to 8 h and LCC 8 h was the same. Thus, the flavonoid pathway is one of the main pathways involved in resistance formation in conifers, and JA and IAA are involved in the development of resistance and growth during biotic stress.
Salivary Huntingtin protein is uniquely associated with clinical features of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Parkin Georgia M. , Corey-Bloom Jody , Snell Chase , Smith Haileigh , Laurenza Angela , Daldin Manuel , Bresciani Alberto , Thomas Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
IntroductionMeasuring Huntingtin (Htt) protein in peripheral cells represents an essential step in biomarker discovery for Huntington’s Disease (HD), however to date, investigations into the salivary expression of Htt has been lacking.MethodIn the current study, we quantified total Htt (tHtt) and mutant Htt (mHtt) protein in matched blood and saliva samples using single molecule counting (SMC) immunoassays: 2B7-D7F7 (tHtt) and 2B7-MW1 (mHtt). Matched samples, and clinical data, were collected from 95 subjects: n=19 manifest HD, n=34 premanifest HD (PM), and n=42 normal controls (NC). ResultsTotal Htt and mHtt levels were not correlated in blood and saliva. Plasma tHtt was significantly associated with age, and participant sex; whereas salivary mHtt was significantly correlated with age, CAG repeat length and CAP score. Plasma and salivary tHtt did not differ across cohorts. Salivary and plasma mHtt were significantly increased in PM compared to NC; salivary mHtt was also significantly increased in HD compared to NC. Only salivary tHtt and mHtt were significantly correlated with clinical measures.Conclusions Salivary Htt is uniquely associated with clinical measures of HD and offers significant promise as a relevant, non-invasive HD biomarker. Its use could be immediately implemented into both translational and clinical research applications.
An evaluation of the ‘My Home Life’ Leadership Support programme for care home managers
Authors: Penney Sarah , Ryan Assumpta , Slater Paul , Meyer Julienne , Dewar Belinda , Owen Tom , Lynch Brighide 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
• Background:
Care homes are central to the provision of care for older people it is essential the leaders in this sector are supported to enhance the equality of care provided to these residents, often with multiple and complex needs and co-existing health conditions. The My Home life leadership support programme (MHL LS) is an innovative approach which enhances the culture of care in these settings. This study explored the findings of 298 participants who completed the programme in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
• Methods:
Data were analysed from two questionnaires which are routinely completed, by participants on the MHL LSP, the Assessment of Workplace Schedule (AWES) and the Perceptions of Workplace Change Schedule (POWCS). The results were categorised by factors identified by the exploratory factor analysis. This paper focuses only on the quantitative findings from pre- and post-questionnaires. The study also provides an updated factor analysis of the AWES and POWCS
• Results:
The results provide robust evidence of the overall positive impact of the MHL LS programme across the three participating countries. The key areas which MHL participants report significant change within their care homes are, recognition and regard of them and their staff, workload, quality of care and working relationships
• Conclusions:
Overall, this study has demonstrated a significant positive change in managers’ leadership skills and their perceptions on the impact of this for staff, relatives and residents.
An efficient blockchain-based anonymous authentication and supervision system
Authors: Liang Weiyou , Wang Yujue , Ding Yong , Zheng Haibin , Liang Hai , Wang Huiyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The fast expansion of the Internet, as well as people's concern for personal privacy and security, have raised the expectations for the identity authentication process. Although current controlled anonymous authentication techniques may provide anonymous authentication and supervision, they are inefficient. The one issue is the high processing cost of presenting and verifying the certificate. Another issue is that a single certification authority (CA) cannot reply timely when there are various requests for certificates and tracing fraudulent users. This article presents an efficient blockchain-based anonymous authentication and supervision system (EAAS) to overcome these issues. In comparison to previous solutions, our EAAS system adopts a double-layer CA architecture to address the issue that a single CA cannot react to a large number of requests in a short period of time. Additionally, it reduces the computational cost, making certificate presentation and verification more effective. Security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme enjoys anonymity, traceability, unlinkability, and can resist forgery attacks. The theoretical and experimental comparison demonstrates its practicality in terms of presenting and verifying the certificate.