bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in respiratory disease
Authors: Zargar Mehdi Jahedi , Kaviani Saeid , Vasei Mohammad , Soufi Zomorrod Mina , Heidari Keshel Saeed , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles found in various tissues, blood circulation, and tissue fluids, secreted into the extracellular environment by fusing a multivesicular body with a plasma membrane. Various cell types release these vesicles to contribute to many cellular functions, including intercellular communication, cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, response to stress, and immune system signaling. These natural nanoparticles have therapeutic effects in various diseases and exhibit a behavior similar to the cell from which they originated. In the meantime, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have attracted the attention of many researchers and physicians due to their unique ability to modulate the immune system, repair tissue and reduce inflammation. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have examined the effect of MSC-derived exosomes in various diseases, and their results have been published in prestigious journals. This review article discusses the biogenesis and sources of exosomes, MSC-derived exosomes, the use of these exosomes in regenerative medicine, and treatments based on exosomes derived from stem cells in respiratory diseases.
Incidence of myocardial infarction in people with diabetes compared to those without diabetes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Narres Maria , Kvitkina Tatjana , Claessen Heiner , Ubach Ellen , Wolff Georg , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Richter Bernd , Icks Andrea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Incidence of AMI in people with diabetes remains significantly higher than in those without diabetes. However, published data are conflicting, and previous reviews in this field have some limitations regarding the definitions of AMI and source population (general population or people with diabetes as a population at risk) and concerning the statistical presentation of results.

Aims
To analyse the incidence of AMI in people with diabetes compared to those without diabetes and to investigate time trends.

Methods
We will perform a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS designed by an experienced information scientist. Two review authors will independently screen the abstracts and full texts of all references on the basis of inclusion criteria regarding types of study, types of population and the main outcome. Data extraction and assessment of risk of bias will be undertaken by two review authors working independently. We will assess incidence rate or cumulative incidence and relative risk of AMI comparing populations with and without diabetes.

Discussion
This review will summarise the available data concerning the incidence of AMI in people with and without diabetes and will thus contribute to the assessment and interpretation of the wide variations of incidence, relative risks and time trends of AMI in these populations.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020145562
A note on boundary point principles for partial differential inequalities of elliptic type
Authors: Meyer John Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this note we consider boundary point principles for partial differential inequalities of elliptic type. First, we highlight the difference between the conditions required to establish classical strong maximum principles and classical boundary point lemmas for second-order linear elliptic partial differential inequalities. We highlight this difference by introducing a singular set in the domain where the coefficients of the partial differential inequality need not be defined and, in a neighborhood of which, can blow-up. Secondly, as a consequence, we establish a comparison-type boundary point lemma for classical elliptic solutions to quasilinear partial differential inequalities. Thirdly, we consider tangency principles, for$C^{1}$C1elliptic weak solutions to quasilinear divergence structure partial differential inequalities. We highlight the necessity of certain hypotheses in the aforementioned results via simple examples.
Impact of socio-demographic and economic factors on intimate partner violence justification among women in union in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Adu Collins , Asare Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah , Agyemang-Duah Williams , Adomako Emmanuel Brenyah , Agyekum Amma Kyewaa , Peprah Prince 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) has several implications, including reduced likelihood of help-seeking, increased experiences episodes of partner abuses, and poor health status and outcomes. However, in Papua New Guinea (PNG), where IPV is among the highest globally, little is known about factors influencing IPV justification among women in union. This study aimed at examining the prevalence of IPV justification and associated factors among women in union in PNG.

Methods
Data from the nationally representative cross-sectional demographic and health survey conducted among women aged 15–49 years during 2016–2018 in PNG were used. In all 9,943 women aged 15–49 years who were married or cohabiting during the survey were included. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed and the results reported as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Overall, almost 7 in 10 women (68.9%, 95%CI:68.0–69.9) justified IPV. Multiple regression analysis revealed that co-habitation (aOR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.17–1.50, p < 0.001), polygyny (aOR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.20–1.53, p < 0.001), exposure to television (aOR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.08–1.42, p = 0.002) and richer wealth status (aOR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.01–1.40, p = 0.035), significantly increased the odds of justifying IPV. We found significantly lower odds of IPV justification among women aged 45–49 years (aOR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.37–0.77, p = 0.001) and those with higher level of education (aOR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.42–0.74, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The prevalence of IPV justification was high among women in union in PNG. Women’s justification of IPV was associated with socio-demographic and economic factors. Our findings call for appropriate strategies including public education and empowerment programmes that target IPV in PNG. Moreover, strategies and interventions to address IPV justification should target the women’s socio-economic and demographic contexts that influence IPV justification.
Prospective assessment of energy technologies: a comprehensive approach for sustainability assessment
Authors: Haase M. , Wulf C. , Baumann M. , Rösch C. , Weil M. , Zapp P. , Naegler T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundA further increase in renewable energy supply is needed to substitute fossil fuels and combat climate change. Each energy source and respective technologies have specific techno-economic and environmental characteristics as well as social implications. This paper presents a comprehensive approach for prospective sustainability assessment of energy technologies developed within the Helmholtz Initiative “Energy System 2050” (ES2050).MethodsThe “ES2050 approach” comprises environmental, economic, and social assessment. It includes established life cycle based economic and environmental indicators, and social indicators derived from a normative concept of sustainable development. The elaborated social indicators, i.e. patent growth rate, acceptance, and domestic value added, address three different socio-technical areas, i.e. innovation (patents), public perception (acceptance), and public welfare (value added).ResultsThe implementation of the “ES2050 approach” is presented exemplarily and different sustainability indicators and respective results are discussed based on three emerging technologies and corresponding case studies: (1) synthetic biofuels for mobility; (2) hydrogen from wind power for mobility; and (3) batteries for stationary energy storage. For synthetic biofuel, the environmental advantages over fossil gasoline are most apparent for the impact categories Climate Change and Ionizing Radiation—human health. Domestic value added accounts for 66% for synthetic biofuel compared to 13% for fossil gasoline. All hydrogen supply options can be considered to become near to economic competitiveness with fossil fuels in the long term. Survey participants regard Explosion Hazard as the most pressing concern about hydrogen fuel stations. For Li-ion batteries, the results for patent growth rate indicate that they enter their maturity phase.ConclusionsThe “ES2050 approach” enables a consistent prospective sustainability assessment of (emerging) energy technologies, supporting technology developers, decision-makers in politics, industry, and society with knowledge for further evaluation, steering, and governance. The approach presented is considered rather a starting point than a blueprint for the comprehensive assessment of renewable energy technologies though, especially for the suggested social indicators, their significance and their embedding in context scenarios for prospective assessments.
First report of whole-genome analysis of an extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate with bedaquiline, linezolid and clofazimine resistance from Uganda
Authors: Kabahita Jupiter Marina , Kabugo Joel , Kakooza Francis , Adam Isa , Guido Ocung , Byabajungu Henry , Namutebi Joanitah , Namaganda Maria Magdalene , Lutaaya Pius , Otim James , Kakembo Fredrick Elishama , Kanyerezi Stephen , Nabisubi Patricia , Sserwadda Ivan , Kasule George William , Nakato Hasfah , Musisi Kenneth , Oola Denis , Joloba Moses L. , Mboowa Gerald 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Uganda remains one of the countries with the highest burden of TB/HIV. Drug-resistant TB remains a substantial challenge to TB control globally and requires new strategic effective control approaches. Drug resistance usually develops due to inadequate management of TB patients including improper treatment regimens and failure to complete the treatment course which may be due to an unstable supply or a lack of access to treatment, as well as patient noncompliance.

Methods
Two sputa samples were collected from Xpert MTB/RIF® assay-diagnosed multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patient at Lira regional referral hospital in northern Uganda between 2020 and 2021 for comprehensive routine mycobacterial species identification and drug susceptibility testing using culture-based methods. Detection of drug resistance-conferring genes was subsequently performed using whole-genome sequencing with Illumina MiSeq platform at the TB Supranational Reference Laboratory in Uganda.

Results
In both isolates, extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) was identified including resistance to Isoniazid (katG p.Ser315Thr), Rifampicin (rpoB p.Ser450Leu), Moxifloxacin (gyrA p.Asp94Gly), Bedaquiline (Rv0678 Glu49fs), Clofazimine (Rv0678 Glu49fs), Linezolid (rplC Cys154Arg), and Ethionamide (ethA c.477del). Further analysis of these two high quality genomes revealed that this 32 years-old patient was infected with the Latin American Mediterranean TB strain (LAM).

Conclusions
This is the first identification of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates with bedaquiline, linezolid and clofazimine resistance from Uganda. These acquired resistances were because of non-adherence as seen in the patient’s clinical history. Our study also strongly highlights the importance of combating DR-TB in Africa through implementing next generation sequencing that can test resistance to all drugs while providing a faster turnaround time. This can facilitate timely clinical decisions in managing MDR-TB patients with non-adherence or lost to follow-up.
A selected population study reveals the biochemical mechanism of intramuscular fat deposition in chicken meat
Authors: Cui Huanxian , Liu Lu , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Yongli , Luo Na , Tan Xiaodong , Zhu Yuting , Liu Ranran , Zhao Guiping , Wen Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Increasing intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important strategy to improve meat quality, but the regulation mechanism of IMF deposition needs to be systematically clarified.

Results
A total of 520 chickens from a selected line with improved IMF content and a control line were used to investigate the biochemical mechanism of IMF deposition in chickens. The results showed that the increased IMF would improve the flavor and tenderness quality of chicken meat. IMF content was mainly determined both by measuring triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PLIP) in muscle tissue, but only TG content was found to be decisive for IMF deposition. Furthermore, the increase in major fatty acid (FA) components in IMF is mainly derived from TGs (including C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9c, and C18:2n6c, etc.), and the inhibition of certain very-long-chain FAs would help to IMF/TG deposition.

Conclusions
Our study elucidated the underlying biochemical mechanism of IMF deposition in chicken: Prevalent accumulation of long-chain FAs and inhibitions of medium-chain FAs and very long chain FA would jointly result in the increase of TGs with the FA biosynthesis and cellular uptake ways. Our findings will guide the production of high-quality chicken meat.
An iron chelation-based combinatorial anticancer therapy comprising deferoxamine and a lactate excretion inhibitor inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells
Authors: Fujisawa Koichi , Takami Taro , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Yamamoto Naoki , Yamasaki Takahiro , Sakaida Isao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Although iron chelation has garnered attention as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer, higher levels of efficacy need to be achieved. In the present study, we examined the combinatorial effect of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, and α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamate (CHC), a suppressor of lactate excretion, on the proliferation of cancer cell lines.

Methods
We established a deferoxamine (DFO)-resistant cell line by culturing HeLa cells in media containing increasing concentrations of DFO. Metabolome and gene expression analyses were performed on these cells. Synergistic effect of the drugs on the cells was determined using an in vitro proliferation assay, and the combination index was estimated.

Results
DFO-resistant HeLa cells exhibited enhanced glycolysis, salvage cycle, and de novo nucleic acid synthesis and reduced mitochondrial metabolism. As DFO triggered a metabolic shift toward glycolysis and increased lactate production in cells, we treated the cancer cell lines with a combination of CHC and DFO. A synergistic effect of DFO and CHC was observed in HeLa cells; however, the same was not observed in the human liver cancer cell line Huh7. We hypothesized that the efficacy of the combination therapy in cancer cells depends on the degree of increase in lactate concentration upon DFO treatment.

Conclusion
Combination therapy involving administration of DFO and CHC is effective in cancer cells wherein DFO treatment results in an elevation in lactate levels. Our findings illustrate that the DFO-induced enhanced glycolysis provides specific targets for developing an efficient anticancer combinatorial therapy involving DFO. These findings will be beneficial for the development of novel cancer chemotherapeutics.
Institutionalizing evidence-based STEM reform through faculty professional development and support structures
Authors: Biswas Sreyasi , Benabentos Rocio , Brewe Eric , Potvin Geoff , Edward Julian , Kravec Marcy , Kramer Laird 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Even though student-centered instruction leads to positive student outcomes, direct instruction methods are still prevalent. Multiple barriers prevent faculty from further adopting evidence-based student-centered practices and holistic approaches to faculty support are necessary to promote faculty change. The Collaborative for Institutionalizing Scientific Learning (CISL) is an HHMI-funded program to reform undergraduate science and mathematics education at a large Hispanic-Serving public research university. The program has established a Faculty Scholar support model to impact the number of science and mathematics faculty using evidence-based practices in their classrooms. Through this program, Scholars are selected to undertake a transformation of a course of their choice and conduct an assessment of the impact of the reform on students—while receiving multiple supports including summer salary, undergraduate Learning Assistants, professional development, course assessment and education research support, and opportunities to develop manuscripts on their course transformations.

Results
CISL has supported over 40 Faculty Scholars in the transformation of both introductory and upper division biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics courses. Faculty are motivated to transform a course due to factors related to their own experiences and beliefs, their students’ needs, the course structure, and/or departmental elements. Quantitative analysis of the impact of the project on student success show that, overall, students in CISL-supported courses have higher passing rates compared to students in traditional classrooms. Survey and interviews of Faculty Scholars identified that the most valuable elements of the program were the personnel support from undergraduate Learning Assistants during reform implementation and guidance from the program’s Assistant Director during design, implementation and evaluation.

Conclusions
The CISL program provides an example of significant effort sustained over several years to systematically improve the quality and culture of undergraduate education in a large research-intensive Hispanic Serving Institution. The program has had an overall positive impact on the professional development of Faculty Scholars and led to an increase in the number of STEM courses implementing evidence-based teaching practices, thus, taking a step towards solidifying a culture of evidence-based instructional strategies in STEM departments.
Perspectives from healthcare professionals on the nutritional adequacy of plant-based dairy alternatives: results of a mixed methods inquiry
Authors: Clark Bridget E. , Pope Lizzy , Belarmino Emily H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Healthcare professionals are important sources of nutrition and health information for Americans. As plant-based (PB) dairy alternative products increase in popularity, concerns have been raised about their nutritional adequacy, and whether consumers understand nutritional differences to dairy. Healthcare professionals directly advise consumers on dietary choices, therefore we sought to examine their understanding and opinions of PB dairy alternatives.

Methods
We analyzed comments submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by health professionals (n = 191) in 2018–2019 in response to a request for public comment on the nutrition of PB dairy alternatives and the use of dairy terms like “milk”, “cheese”, and “yogurt” on their labels. Survey data from healthcare professionals (n = 417) was collected in 2020–2021. Comments and survey responses to open-ended questions were coded using template analysis and thematically analyzed. Logistic regression models examined perceptions across health professional characteristics for close-ended survey responses.

Results
Three-fourths of health professionals believe consumers are confused about the nutritional differences between dairy and PB dairy alternatives. Over half (53%) do not believe either product is nutritionally superior to the other. Many believe dairy products have higher nutrient value, but also believe PB dairy alternatives can be part of a healthful diet. Compared to other types of health professionals, dietetics professionals demonstrated a more accurate understanding of the nutritional value of both products and were more likely to believe nutrients like protein (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.22–3.34, p = 0.006) and vitamin D (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.48–4.09, p = 0.001) may be nutrients of concern for PB dairy alternative consumers. They were also more likely to believe consumers are confused about these products (OR 3.44; 95% CI 1.65–7.21; p = 0.001). Health professionals who submitted comments to the FDA showed stronger opinions in favor of PB dairy alternatives.

Conclusions
Although PB dairy alternatives have nutritional value in certain diets, responses from health professionals suggest that changing their labeling to be different than dairy may reduce confusion. Improved nutrition education among health professionals may also be necessary.
Inhibition of USP14 suppresses ferroptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced goat mammary epithelial cells through ubiquitylating the IL-6 protein
Authors: Zhu Guangqin , Sui Shaopu , Shi Fengyun , Wang Qinglin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ferroptosis, a novel manner of cell death depended on iron ion, contributed to goat mammary epithelial cell dysfunction. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major pro-inflammatory factor during many inflammation-related diseases including mastitis, and a quite recently identified ferroptosis inducer. This study aims to explore the role of IL-6 in the dysfunction of goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) and how the level of IL-6 was regulated.

Methods
Primary GMECs were isolated, cultured and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or together with Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a well-known ferroptosis inhibitor. CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability, ELISA was used to detect TNF-α content, and the levels of ROS, GSH and MDA were analyzed with DCFDA-cell ROS detection kit, GSH assay kit and MDA assay kit, respectively. The iron ion level was measured with an iron assay kit.

Results
The expression level of IL-6 protein in GMECs was up-regulated in response to LPS treatment, and the secretion of TNF-α, the cell oxidative stress level and the Fe2+ ion content was robustly increased, which could be reversed by Fer-1 treatment. Knockdown of IL-6 decreased cell oxidative stress level and inhibited ferroptosis in LPS-treated GMECs. Further, ubiquitin experiment and co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that USP14 upregulated IL-6 protein expression by reducing the ubiquitination of IL-6, and overexpression of IL-6 reversed the inhibitory effect of USP14 shRNA on LPS-treated GMECs ferroptosis. The NRF2 inhibitor Brusatol reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-6 shRNA on LPS-treated ferroptosis.

Conclusion
IL-6 protein is deubiquitinated by USP14 and upregulated in LPS-treated GMECs, further promoting ferroptosis and inflammation through the NRF2 signaling pathway.
Effect of Erythropoietin-stimulating agent on uremic neuropathy in hemodialysis patients: a single-center open-label prospective study
Authors: Khafagi Amal T. , Yehia Mohamed A. , Helmy Amal K. , Hassan Waleed , Abdelhakim Nashwa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Uremic neuropathy is a distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy caused by uremic toxins; its severity is correlated with the degree of renal insufficiency. Erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietin receptors (EpoR) are produced in the peripheral nervous system. This is a single-center open-label prospective study was designed to investigate the possible effect of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) on uremic neuropathy. Twenty-four newly diagnosed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients were selected, clinical assessment, laboratory, and neurophysiological study were done at 1 and follow-up after 3 months. Patients were divided into two groups (group A received ESA and group B did not receive ESA).

Results
Eighteen patients completed the study, eight patients (44.4%) did not have symptoms but had electrophysiological findings of neuropathy (subclinical neuropathy). After 3 months of hemodialysis, patients in group A showed improvement of some electrophysiological features (ulnar MNCV; P = 0.016).

Conclusions
The use of ESA may improve uremic neuropathy in patients with newly diagnosed ESKD who have been started on hemodialysis.