bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Impacts of Biosurfactants from a Life Cycle Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Briem Ann-Kathrin , Bippus Lars , Oraby Amira , Noll Philipp , Zibek Susanne , Albrecht Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiosurfactants are considered as an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional fossil-derived and chemically produced surfactants. Their production pathways, physicochemical properties, and applications are widely researched and discussed in literature. In this context, investigating the different impacts from the entire life cycle of biosurfactants is important to understand and mitigate potential environmental hotspots. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an internationally accepted and standardized methodology to analyze the environmental impacts of products from a holistic view. Therefore, this study provides a detailed overview of existing LCA studies of biosurfactants by means of a systematic literature research. The focus specifically lies on articles that investigated microbial biosurfactants. However, the systematic approach used ensured a broader overview related to bio-based surfactants as well. Furthermore, two related topics, ecotoxicity and biodegradability of biosurfactants, were identified and discussed based on the search findings. After screening over 2,500 documents using Scopus and Google Scholar, six relevant LCA articles of biosurfactants could be identified. The identified articles are divided into LCA studies of alkyl polyglycosides, chemically produced bio-based surfactants, and LCA studies of microbial biosurfactants, their content analyzed and discussed in context. In conclusion, the number of available LCA studies is very limited and their results are often not comparable. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to provide a detailed overview of LCA studies of biosurfactants. Consequently, the need for implementing more LCA studies becomes clear.
Graphical Abstract
Artificial Intelligence in Education and Ethics
Authors: du Boulay Benedict 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces the ethical issues around applying artificial intelligence (AI) in education from the early days of artificial intelligence in education in the 1970s to the current state of this field, including the increasing sophistication of the system interfaces and the rise in data use and misuse. While in the early days most tools were largely learner-facing, now there are tools that are teacher-facing, supporting their management of the classroom, and administrator-facing, assisting in their management of cohorts of students. Learner-facing tools now take into account the affective and motivational aspects of learning as well as the cognitive. The rise of data collection and its associated analytic tools has enabled the development of dashboards for the dynamic management and reflective understanding of learners, teachers, and administrators. Ethical issues hardly figured in the early days of the field but now they loom large. This is because of the legitimate fears that learners’ and teachers’ autonomy will be compromised, that learner data will be collected and potentially misappropriated for other purposes, and that AI will introduce extra biases into educational decisions and increase existing inequity and also because of the scary reputation that AI has in general.
Wie häufig ist die persistierende Tubenventilationsstörung nach erfolgter Gaumenspaltenoperation wirklich?
Authors: Weiss Nora M. , Bennöhr Franziska , Lenz Jan-Hendrik , Mlynski Robert , Rettschlag Stefanie 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Bei Patienten mit einer Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte (LKGS) wird eine hohe Inzidenz von chronisch-obstruktiven Tubenventilationsstörungen auch nach chirurgischem Spaltverschluss angenommen. Folglich ist eine erhöhte Rate von Trommelfellretraktionen oder Cholesteatomen zu erwarten. Ziel dieser Studie war es, mit den aktuellen Methoden die Prävalenz chronisch-obstruktiven Tubenventilationsstörung bei erwachsenen Patienten nach behandelter LKGS zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Es wurden erwachsene Patienten mit LKGS nach chirurgischem Spaltverschluss in der Kindheit eingeschlossen und mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Eine Nachuntersuchung erfolgte mittels Tympanometrie, Tubenmanometrie, ETDQ‑7 (Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire) und dem Eustachian Tube Score‑7 (ETS-7).

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 16 Erwachsene nach LKGS-Operation und 40 gesunde Probanden wurden eingeschlossen. Signifikante Unterschiede wurden beim medianen ETS-7-Score (p < 0,0001) gefunden, nicht aber beim medianen ETDQ-7-Score (p = 0,09). Nur 2 der 32 untersuchten Ohren (6 %) wiesen sowohl einen pathologischen ETS‑7 als auch ETDQ‑7 auf. Bei 5 (31 %) LKGS-Patienten ergab sich gemäß ETS‑7 Anhalt für eine Beeinträchtigung der Tubenfunktion. Kein Patient hatte einen Untersuchungsbefund, der eine weitere Behandlung notwendig machte.

Schlussfolgerung
Durch die Kombination von Diagnoseinstrumenten für chronisch-obstruktive Tubenventilationsstörungen wurde eine geringere Rate an persistierenden chronisch-obstruktiven Tubenventilationsstörungen bei Erwachsenen nach LKGS-Operation gefunden als bisher berichtet. Eine erfolgreiche chirurgische Behandlung der LKGS scheint nach langfristiger Nachbeobachtung zu einer physiologischen Funktion der Tuba auditiva zu führen.
XBP1 maintains beta cell identity, represses beta-to-alpha cell transdifferentiation and protects against diabetic beta cell failure during metabolic stress in mice
Authors: Lee Kailun , Chan Jeng Yie , Liang Cassandra , Ip Chi Kin , Shi Yan-Chuan , Herzog Herbert , Hughes William E. , Bensellam Mohammed , Delghingaro-Augusto Viviane , Koina Mark E. , Nolan Christopher J. , Laybutt D. Ross 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Pancreatic beta cell dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation into other islet cells and apoptosis have been implicated in beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes, although the mechanisms are poorly defined. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a major regulator of the unfolded protein response. XBP1 expression is reduced in islets of people with type 2 diabetes, but its role in adult differentiated beta cells is unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of Xbp1 deletion in adult beta cells and tested whether XBP1-mediated unfolded protein response makes a necessary contribution to beta cell compensation in insulin resistance states.

Methods
Mice with inducible beta cell-specific Xbp1 deletion were studied under normal (chow diet) or metabolic stress (high-fat diet or obesity) conditions. Glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, islet gene expression, alpha cell mass, beta cell mass and apoptosis were assessed. Lineage tracing was used to determine beta cell fate.

Results
Deletion of Xbp1 in adult mouse beta cells led to beta cell dedifferentiation, beta-to-alpha cell transdifferentiation and increased alpha cell mass. Cell lineage-specific analyses revealed that Xbp1 deletion deactivated beta cell identity genes (insulin, Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Beta2, Foxo1) and derepressed beta cell dedifferentiation (Aldh1a3) and alpha cell (glucagon, Arx, Irx2) genes. Xbp1 deletion in beta cells of obese ob/ob or high-fat diet-fed mice triggered diabetes and worsened glucose intolerance by disrupting insulin secretory capacity. Furthermore, Xbp1 deletion increased beta cell apoptosis under metabolic stress conditions by attenuating the antioxidant response.

Conclusions/interpretation
These findings indicate that XBP1 maintains beta cell identity, represses beta-to-alpha cell transdifferentiation and is required for beta cell compensation and prevention of diabetes in insulin resistance states.

Graphical abstract
Understanding differences in mental health service use by men: an intersectional analysis of routine data
Authors: Smyth Natasha , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Naqvi Syed A. , Aguirre Elisa , Cardoso Ana , Pilling Stephen , Saunders Rob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Rates of help-seeking for common mental health problems are lower for men, but less is known about patterns of engagement once they are in contact with services. Previous research has been limited in its ability to understand the intersection between service user characteristics and engagement. This study compared analytic approaches to investigate intersectional associations between sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators and use of psychological treatment services by men.

Method
Data from 9,904 male service users attending two psychological treatment services in London were analysed. The association between ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious affiliation and employment status of service users and service use outcomes was explored using multinomial logistic regression and latent class analysis (LCA).

Results
Being from a minoritised ethnic background, of Muslim faith, being unemployed, and living in the most deprived neighbourhoods were associated with greater risk of not commencing or completing treatment. Seven classes were identified in LCA, with men predominately differentiated by self-reported ethnicity and religion. Compared with the ‘White British, non-religious’ class, the ‘Asian Muslim’ class and the ‘minoritised ethnic, non-religious’ class were at higher risk of disengagement, whilst the ‘Asian, other religion’ class were at higher risk of being referred elsewhere rather than completing initiated treatment.

Conclusions
There were significant inequalities in engagement by men associated with ethnicity, religion and socioeconomic status. Compared with the regression models, further nuance was apparent in LCA regarding the intersection of gender, religion and ethnicity. Identifying groups at greater risk of discontinuation of treatment could inform more personalised pathways through care.
Trends in selected fields of reference material production
Authors: Recknagel Sebastian , Bresch Harald , Kipphardt Heinrich , Koch Matthias , Rosner Martin , Resch-Genger Ute 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor more than 110 years, BAM has been producing reference materials for a wide range of application fields. With the development of new analytical methods and new applications as well as continuously emerging more stringent requirements of laboratory accreditation with regard to quality control and metrological traceability, the demand and requirements for reference materials are increasing. This trend article gives an overview of general developments in the field of reference materials as well as developments in selected fields of application in which BAM is active. This includes inorganic and metal analysis, gas analysis, food and consumer products, and geological samples. In addition to these more traditional fields of application, developments in the areas of optical spectroscopy, particularly fluorescence methods, and nanomaterials are considered.
Altered immunity to microbiota, B cell activation and depleted γδ/resident memory T cells in colorectal cancer
Authors: Noble Alistair , Pring Edward T. , Durant Lydia , Man Ripple , Dilke Stella M. , Hoyles Lesley , James Steve A. , Carding Simon R. , Jenkins John T. , Knight Stella C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe role of microbiota:immune system dysregulation in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is poorly understood. CRC develops in gut epithelium, accompanied by low level inflammatory signaling, intestinal microbial dysbiosis and immune dysfunction. We examined populations of intraepithelial lymphocytes in non-affected colonic mucosa of CRC and healthy donors and circulating immune memory to commensal bacterial species and yeasts. γδ T cells and resident memory T cells, populations with a regulatory CD39-expressing phenotype, were found at lower frequencies in the colonic tissue of CRC donors compared to healthy controls. Patterns of T cell proliferative responses to a panel of commensal bacteria were distinct in CRC, while B cell memory responses to several bacteria/yeast were significantly increased, accompanied by increased proportions of effector memory B cells, transitional B cells and plasmablasts in blood. IgA responses to mucosal microbes were unchanged. Our data describe a novel immune signature with similarities to and differences from that of inflammatory bowel disease. They implicate B cell dysregulation as a potential contributor to parainflammation and identify pathways of weakened barrier function and tumor surveillance in CRC-susceptible individuals.
Verordnungshäufigkeit von physikalischer Therapie bei entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Marschall Ursula , Zink Angela , Callhoff Johanna 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung
Es erfolgte die Untersuchung der Verordnungshäufigkeit von ambulanter physikalischer Therapie (PT) bei Versicherten mit der Diagnose einer rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA), axialen Spondyloarthritis (axSpA), Psoriasisarthritis (PsA) oder eines systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) in den Jahren 2005 bis 2020.

Methodik
Eingeschlossen wurden erwachsene Versicherte der BARMER Krankenversicherung mit Diagnose einer RA (ICD-10: M05, M06), axSpA (M45), PsA (M07.0-3) oder SLE (M32.1,8,9). PT wurden über das bundeseinheitliche Positionsnummernverzeichnis für Heilmittelleistungen identifiziert. Berichtet wird der Anteil an Personen mit mindestens einer Verordnung von PT in den Jahren 2005 bis 2020 nach Alters- und Geschlechtergruppen. Außerdem wurden die Anzahl und die Dauer der Verschreibungen verglichen, und es wurde analysiert, ob Versicherte mit fachärztlichem Kontakt häufiger PT erhalten.

Ergebnisse
Im Jahr 2020 erhielten 43 % (SLE), 46 % (RA, PsA) und 49 % (axSpA) der Versicherten mindestens eine PT-Verordnung. Am häufigsten wurde Krankengymnastik rezeptiert (37 %), gefolgt von manueller Therapie (14 %) und Thermotherapie (10 %). Seit 2005 hat sich der Anteil der Versicherten, die Krankengymnastik erhalten, nicht verändert. Manuelle Therapie wird zunehmend verordnet (+7 %), während Massagen (−10 %), Thermotherapie (−7 %) und Elektrotherapie (3 % in 2005, 2 % in 2020) rückläufig sind (Zahlen zu RA). Auch die Anzahl der Verschreibungen hat sich seit 2010 nicht wesentlich verändert. Versicherte in orthopädischer Betreuung erhalten häufiger PT als Versicherte in hausärztlicher oder internistisch-rheumatologischer Betreuung; 61- bis 80-jährige Patientinnen werden am häufigsten mit PT behandelt.

Schlussfolgerung
Etwas weniger als die Hälfte aller Versicherten mit RA-, axSpA-, PsA- oder SLE-Diagnose erhalten eine ambulante Verordnung von PT. Dieser Anteil hat sich in den letzten 15 Jahren kaum verändert.
Respiratory toxicity of persulphate salts and their adverse effects on airways in hairdressers: a systematic review
Authors: Macan Jelena , Babić Željka , Hallmann Sarah , Havmose Martin S. , Johansen Jeanne D. , John Swen M. , Macan Marija , Symanzik Cara , Uter Wolfgang , Weinert Patricia , van der Molen Henk F. , Kezic Sanja , Turk Rajka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To review the literature on respiratory effects of persulfate salts (PS) or hair bleaches in hairdressers and animal models exploring mechanisms behind PS-induced asthma.

Methods
A systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines was performed. Studies published from 2000 to July 2021 that fulfilled predefined eligibility criteria were retrieved. Data were not quantitatively synthesized due to the heterogeneity of study designs, outcomes and methods.

Results
Forty-two articles were included. PS are indicated as the main cause of occupational rhinitis and asthma in hairdressers, and one of the leading causes of occupational asthma in some European countries. Bleaching products are indicated as the most important factor for development of respiratory symptoms, lung function decline, and leaving the hairdressing profession. Risk estimates from a good quality prospective study showed up to 3.9 times higher risk for wheezing and breathlessness in hairdressers aged ≥ 40 years than in matched controls, and 20 times higher risk in hairdressers to develop respiratory symptoms from exposure to bleaching powder than controls. Pathophysiological mechanisms of the respiratory response to PS are not yet fully elucidated, but may include non-specific and specific immune responses.

Conclusions
Hairdressing is associated with a wide spectrum of respiratory adverse effects, of which bleaching products were indicated as the most hazardous. Preventive measures for reducing inhalatory exposure to PS in hair salons should be re-evaluated, including adopting occupational exposure limits at EU level, and encouraging use of safer bleach formulations.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021238118.
Response of meiobenthos to migrating ripples in sandy lowland streams
Authors: Kryvokhyzhyna Mariia , Majdi Nabil , Oprei Anna , Mutz Michael , Risse-Buhl Ute 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStream sediments move at low flow forming migrating ripples. These ripples can cover substantial areas where benthic communities experience erosion-resting cycles of sand grains. Sediment surface and interstitial space is colonized by meiobenthos, an assemblage of microscopic invertebrates. Here we describe how sediment migration influences the structure of the meiobenthic community. We sampled migrating and stationary sediment patches in five streams. Sediments in migrating ripple patches were characterized by coarser grain size and higher oxygen concentration, but less organic matter and chlorophyll than stationary patches. Meiobenthos was more abundant in the superficial layer of stationary sediment compared to the underlying layer, whereas comparable abundances were observed in both layers of migrating patches. This suggests that ripple migration enhances the vertical mixing of interstitial communities. Among the environmental drivers measured, meiobenthos community structure was most related to sediment transport regime: Rotatoria were more abundant in migrating patches, whereas Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Copepoda and Hydrachnidia were more abundant in stationary patches. Body-size structure was affected by sediment migration, with fewer larger organisms in migrating ripples. By modifying the distribution of benthic resources and of meiobenthic consumers, ripple migration likely affects energy flow paths through benthic food webs.
Understanding and building upon pioneering work of Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 laureates Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann: From greenhouse effect to Earth system science and beyond
Authors: Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Wenxia , Chen Deliang , Zhang Xuebin , Li Chao , Zuo Meng , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded jointly to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi for their groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems. This is the first time that climate scientists were awarded the Nobel Physics Prize. Here, we present the evolution of climate science in the past ∼200 years and highlight the landmarks of the developments in advancing our understanding of climate change, placing the pioneering contributions of Manabe and Hasselmann into a historical perspective. The backbone of modern climate science is further discussed in the context of the development of the discipline from the discovery of the greenhouse effect to the formation of Earth system science. Perspectives on the future development of climate science are also presented.
Physical Activity Modulates miRNAs Levels and Enhances MYOD Expression in Myoblasts
Authors: Dalle Carbonare Luca , Dorelli Gianluigi , Li Vigni Veronica , Minoia Arianna , Bertacco Jessica , Cheri Samuele , Deiana Michela , Innamorati Giulio , Cominacini Mattia , Tarperi Cantor , Schena Federico , Mottes Monica , Valenti Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStem cells functions are regulated by different factors and non-conding RNAs, such as microRNA. MiRNAsplay an important role in modulating the expression of genes involved in the commitment and differentiation of progenitor cells. MiRNAs are post transcriptional regulators which may be modulated by physical exercise. MiRNAs, by regulating different signaling pathways, play an important role in myogenesis as well as in muscle activity. MiRNAs quantification may be considered for evaluating physical performance or muscle recovery. With the aim to identify specific miRNAs potentially involved in myogenesis and modulated by physical activity, we investigated miRNAs expression following physical performance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and in sera of half marathon (HM) runnners. The effect of runners sera on Myogenesis in in vitro cellular models was also explored. Therefore, we performed Microarray Analysis and Real Time PCR assays, as well as in vitro cell cultures analysis to investigate myogenic differentiation. Our data demonstrated gender-specific expression patterns of PBMC miRNAs before physical performance. In particular, miR223-3p, miR26b-5p, miR150-5p and miR15-5p expression was higher, while miR7a-5p and miR7i-5p expression was lower in females compared to males. After HM, miR152-3p, miR143-3p, miR27a-3p levels increased while miR30b-3p decreased in both females and males: circulating miRNAs mirrored these modulations. Furthermore, we also observed that the addition of post-HM participants sera to cell cultures exerted a positive effect in stimulating myogenesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that physical activity induces the modulation of myogenesis-associated miRNAs in bothfemales and males, despite the gender-associated different expression of certain miRNAs, Noteworthy, these findings might be useful for evaluating potential targets for microRNA based-therapies in diseases affecting the myogenic stem cells population.
Graphical Abstract
PD-L1 expression in EBV associated gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lima Áurea , Sousa Hugo , Medeiros Rui , Nobre Amanda , Machado Manuela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to the summarize the evidence on programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and to estimate the expression rate of PD-L1 among this subtype of Gastric Cancer (GC).

Materials and methods
For this study, PubMed®, EMBASE® and Web of Science® databases were searched for articles published until 1st November 2021. A total of 43 eligible publications with a total of 11,327 patients were included analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 41 publications present data for proportion estimation and 33 for comparison of PD-L1 between EBV positive and negative GC. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was used for meta-analysis.

Results
The analysis showed that in EBVaGC the pooled positivity rate for PD-L1 was 54.6% (p < 0.001), with a high heterogeneity between the included studies, which was associated with variation on positivity criteria for PD-L1 expression. Overall, the study reveals an increased association between PD-L1 and EBVaGC (OR = 6.36, 95% CI 3.91–10.3, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the study revealed that GC with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) is highly associated with EBV (OR = 17.4, 95% CI 6.83–44.1, p < 0.001), with a pooled EBV positivity rate of 52.9% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Patients with EBVaGC tend to show higher PD-L1 expression, which enhances EBV positivity as a promising marker for patient selection for immunotherapy targeted agents. A uniform criteria for PD-L1 positivity in tumor cells is needed, as well as further prospective studies to validate our findings and their prognostic significance.