bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India’s Interface with East and Southern Africa: Strengthening People Connections
Authors: Ray Nivedita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the area of international relations, people to people connection is an important form of interactions, which is essential for building a meaningful and long-term partnership between nations. It includes a wide gamut of exchanges and relations in areas such as culture, arts, history, education, media, diaspora, and tourism. With regard to India’s relations with countries of East African Community (EAC) and Southern African Development Cooperation (SADC), it is observed that though the relations between business and governments of both sides have deepened and diversified there is still so much lack of awareness about each other. In this context, the paper focuses on the significance of education collaboration, media interactions and diaspora linkages in strengthening people to people relations between both sides. It examines the imperatives for building these connections, the initiatives that have been taken so far and the ways how these connections can be further enhanced.
Advances in the Subseasonal Prediction of Extreme Events: Relevant Case Studies across the Globe
Authors: Domeisen Daniela I. V. , White Christopher J. , Afargan-Gerstman Hilla , Muñoz Ángel G. , Janiga Matthew A. , Vitart Frédéric , Wulff C. Ole , Antoine Salomé , Ardilouze Constantin , Batté Lauriane , Bloomfield Hannah C. , Brayshaw David J. , Camargo Suzana J. , Charlton-Pérez Andrew , Collins Dan , Cowan Tim , del Mar Chaves Maria , Ferranti Laura , Gómez Rosario , González Paula L. M. , González Romero Carmen , Infanti Johnna M. , Karozis Stelios , Kim Hera , Kolstad Erik W. , LaJoie Emerson , Lledó Llorenç , Magnusson Linus , Malguzzi Piero , Manrique-Suñén Andrea , Mastrangelo Daniele , Materia Stefano , Medina Hanoi , Palma Lluís , Pineda Luis E. , Sfetsos Athanasios , Son Seok-Woo , Soret Albert , Strazzo Sarah , Tian Di 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extreme weather events have devastating impacts on human health, economic activities, ecosystems, and infrastructure. It is therefore crucial to anticipate extremes and their impacts to allow for preparedness and emergency measures. There is indeed potential for probabilistic subseasonal prediction on time scales of several weeks for many extreme events. Here we provide an overview of subseasonal predictability for case studies of some of the most prominent extreme events across the globe using the ECMWF S2S prediction system: heatwaves, cold spells, heavy precipitation events, and tropical and extratropical cyclones. The considered heatwaves exhibit predictability on time scales of 3–4 weeks, while this time scale is 2–3 weeks for cold spells. Precipitation extremes are the least predictable among the considered case studies. ­Tropical cyclones, on the other hand, can exhibit probabilistic predictability on time scales of up to 3 weeks, which in the presented cases was aided by remote precursors such as the Madden–Julian oscillation. For extratropical cyclones, lead times are found to be shorter. These case studies clearly illustrate the potential for event-dependent advance warnings for a wide range of extreme events. The subseasonal predictability of extreme events demonstrated here allows for an extension of warning horizons, provides advance information to impact modelers, and informs communities and stakeholders affected by the impacts of extreme weather events.
Do Machine Learning Approaches Offer Skill Improvement for Short-Term Forecasting of Wind Gust Occurrence and Magnitude?
Authors: Coburn Jacob , Pryor Sara C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wind gusts, and in particular intense gusts, are societally relevant but extremely challenging to forecast. This study systematically assesses the skill enhancement that can be achieved using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for forecasting of wind gust occurrence and magnitude. Geophysical predictors from the ERA5 reanalysis are used in conjunction with an autoregressive term in regression and ANN models with different predictors, and varying model complexity. Models are derived and assessed for the warm (April–September) and cold (October–March) seasons for three high passenger volume airports in the United States. Model uncertainty is assessed by deriving models for 1000 different randomly selected training (70%) and testing (30%) subsets. Gust prediction fidelity in independent test samples is critically dependent on inclusion of an autoregressive term. Gust occurrence probabilities derived using five-layer ANNs exhibit consistently higher fidelity than those from regression models and shallower ANNs. Inclusion of the autoregressive term and increasing the number of hidden layers in ANNs from 1 to 5 also improve the model performance for gust magnitudes (lower RMSE, increased correlation, and model standard deviations that more closely approximate observed values). Deeper ANNs (e.g., 20 hidden layers) exhibit higher skill in forecasting strong (17–25.7 m s−1) and damaging (≥25.7 m s−1) wind gusts. However, such deep networks exhibit evidence of overfitting and still substantially underestimate (by 50%) the frequency of strong and damaging wind gusts at the three airports considered herein.

Significance Statement
Improved short-term forecasting of wind gusts will enhance aviation safety and logistics and may offer other societal benefits. Here we present a rigorous investigation of the relative skill of models of wind gust occurrence and magnitude that employ different statistical methods. It is shown that artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer considerable skill enhancement over regression methods, particularly for strong and damaging wind gusts. For wind gust magnitudes in particular, application of deeper learning networks (e.g., five or more hidden layers) offers tangible improvements in forecast accuracy. However, deeper networks are vulnerable to overfitting and exhibit substantial variability with the specific training and testing data subset used. Also, even deep ANNs reproduce only half of strong and damaging wind gusts. These results indicate the need for future work to elucidate the dynamical mechanisms of intense wind gusts and advance solutions to their prediction.
Cardiovascular Manifestations, Imaging, and Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Eight-Year Single Center Experience in the United States
Authors: Ming Wang Tom Kai , Chan Nicholas , Khayata Mohamed , Flanagan Patrick , Grimm Richard A , Griffin Brian P , Husni M. Elaine , Littlejohn Emily , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a challenging autoimmune and multi-system condition. With advances in cardiovascular screening and therapies for SLE patients, we evaluated the cardiovascular characteristics, multi-modality imaging, and outcomes of SLE at our tertiary referral center over an 8 year period. Consecutive patients from our SLE registry from April 2012 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Data pertaining to cardiovascular manifestations, investigations, management, and outcomes were assessed. We studied 258 SLE patients (mean age 42.2 ± 14.7 years); 233 (90.3%) were female. The main cardiac manifestations at index SLE clinic were pericardial disease in 33.3%, valve disease in 18%, cardiomyopathy in 9.6%, and stroke in 7.4%. During a mean follow-up of 3.0 ± 2.2 years after index SLE clinic, there were 5 (1.9%) deaths, 24 (9.3%) cardiovascular events, and 44 (17.1%) SLE-related hospitalizations. A history of stroke and hypertension were independently associated with cardiovascular events, hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) of 5.38 (1.41–20.6) and 3.31 (1.02–10.7), respectively, while younger age and lower albumin predicted SLE-related hospitalizations. Cardiovascular manifestations are prevalent in SLE, especially for pericardial, valvular, and atherosclerotic diseases. With contemporary SLE and cardiovascular management, subsequent adverse cardiovascular events were infrequent in this study.
Impact of FDI and Its Absorption Capacity on the National Innovation Ecosystems: Evidence from the Largest FDI Recipient Countries of the World
Authors: Haq Naveed Ul 
Published: March 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) improves economic growth by stimulating native investment, facilitating technology transfers in the recipient country and increasing human capital development, thus playing a vital role in economic development. On the other hand, innovation is also considered one of the major drivers for the economic growth of a country. This study empirically investigates the impact of FDI and its absorption capacity on the national innovation system of the world’s top five largest FDI recipient countries for the period of 1990–2016. Using two-stage analysis (DEA and Tobit regression), we found that research and development expenditures, researchers in the host country and the number of patents, trademark and industrial design applications are positive drivers of the national innovation systems. Moreover, the FDI inflows positively impact the innovation efficiency in the host countries. However, the strength of this relationship depends on the availability of the absorption capacity of FDI in the host country. The result shows that the global financial crisis and inflation negatively impact the FDI inflows and innovation efficiency in the sample countries. It concludes that FDI inflows and the country’s strength of domestic absorption capacity are essential drivers for developing national innovation ecosystems. JEL Codes: F1, F4, G10, M21
Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons – RULA Applied to Objective Kinematic Data
Authors: Weitbrecht Moritz , Holzgreve Fabian , Fraeulin Laura , Haenel Jasmin , Betz Werner , Erbe Christina , Maurer-Grubinger Christian , Wanke Eileen M. , Brueggmann Doerthe , Nienhaus Albert , Groneberg David A. , Ohlendorf Daniela 
Published: March 2022

Background The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is high in oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OS) due to their static and contorted working positions. Hence, the aim of this study was to conduct posture analyses in this specific group of dental professionals using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Methods In total, 15 (12 m/3 f) OS participated in this study. An inertial motion capture system (Xsens) was used to collect kinematic data during a simulated workflow. Computer-based routines calculated the RULA score for the extracted joint angles at each defined time point. Then, an analysis of the time-dependent RULA scores by body regions was conducted. Key variables were the relative occurrence of specific RULA scores during the complete workflow, individual subtasks, and for treatment of each of the four different dental quadrants. The subtasks and dental quadrants were compared using the Friedman test. Results The total median RULA score represented a high risk for OS during their work (7), including the temporal component (OS spent 77.54% of their working time with a RULA score of 7). The wrists and hands, elbows, lower arms, and the neck were exposed to postures with the highest risk for musculoskeletal strain. Discussion For OS, both the right and the left assisting hand were heavily strained while working on the first dental quadrant caused the most unfavorable postures for OS.
Statewide Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnoses and Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Authors: Jackson Tracy L. , Chan Philip A. , Scout NFN , Nocera Lauren S. , Crooks Denise , McCormick Winston , Bowman Sarah , Lasher Leanne , Sarvestani Amir Sabet , Chambers Laura C. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Understanding and identifying disparities in COVID-19 testing outcomes can help allocate resources to where they are most needed. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) identity and SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. Methods: Data were from the Rhode Island SARS-CoV-2 surveillance database and included tests scheduled from June 8, 2020, through January 15, 2021. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations accounting for repeat testing to estimate the odds of receiving a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 by LGBTQ+ identity and race/ethnicity, adjusting for sociodemographic and temporal confounders. Results: In multivariable analysis of 232 025 tests, LGBTQ+ people had lower odds of receiving a positive test result than cisgender heterosexual people (5.4% vs 8.7%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.59-0.68). Compared with cisgender heterosexual White people, LGBTQ+ White people were significantly less likely (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.61-0.73) and cisgender heterosexual people of color were significantly more likely (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.64-1.78) to receive a positive test result. LGBTQ+ people of color had similar test positivity (aOR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79-1.02) as cisgender heterosexual White people. People in sexual minority groups were significantly less likely than heterosexual people to receive a positive test result, but we found no significant differences in test results among cisgender, transgender, and gender nonconforming people. Conclusions: LGBTQ+ people may be less likely than heterosexual people to receive a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, potentially related to protective health practices and greater social isolation. Addressing racial and ethnic disparities among both LGBTQ+ people and cisgender heterosexual people should be a priority of the public health workforce.
Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Male Veterans and Nonveterans, 2016-2018
Authors: Boersma Peter , Cohen Robin A. , Zelaya Carla E. , Moy Ernest 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends persons aged ≥6 months receive an influenza vaccination annually, and certain adults aged ≥19 years receive the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine alone or in series with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, depending on age, chronic conditions, and smoking status. This study examines the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination relative to Healthy People 2020 goals to understand how vaccination receipt differs by veteran status and sociodemographic subgroups. Methods: We analyzed pooled data from the 2016-2018 National Health Interview Survey (N = 35 094) in 2021 to estimate the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination for men aged 25-64 years and for men aged ≥65 years by veteran status and selected sociodemographic subgroups. We used 2-tailed t tests with an α = .05 to identify significant differences. Results: Among men, 44.7% of veterans and 33.5% of nonveterans aged 25-64 years and 71.0% of veterans and 64.9% of nonveterans aged ≥65 years received an influenza vaccine in the past year. Among men aged 25-64 years at high risk for pneumococcal disease, 35.9% of veterans and 20.8% of nonveterans had ever received ≥1 dose of any pneumococcal vaccination. Disparities in the prevalence of vaccination within examined sociodemographic characteristics were often smaller in magnitude among veterans than among nonveterans for both vaccinations. Conclusions: Vaccination rates were below Healthy People 2020 targets for both groups, except influenza vaccination among veterans aged ≥65 years. Understanding differences in vaccine uptake may inform efforts to improve vaccination rates by identifying subgroups who are at high risk of disease and have low vaccination rates.
Structures of Inequity: Teaching Privilege and Oppression with a Tower-Building Activity
Authors: Pickering Ryan M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Activities that illuminate the psychological underpinnings of privilege and oppression are an important part of social justice pedagogy. Statement of Problem There are numerous issues with current simulations of privilege and oppression that leave social justice educators limited in the choice of activity. Literature Review Published research shows the positive impact of the use of simulation activities and the complexity of privilege and oppression activities. Literature also critiques current published activities and approaches to teaching these difficult topics. Teaching Implications Using the provided structural oppression activity circumvents many of the current issues and incorporates suggestions from previous literature. Feedback from students indicates that the activity is impactful, instructive, and engaging. Conclusion Careful consideration should be made when selecting simulation activities for social justice courses and diversity trainings, but using hands-on, experiential educational activities may be one way to effectively teach difficult topics in a way that inspires individuals to be more intrinsically motivated to confront and reduce oppression in their own lives and communities.
Different Characteristics of Oropharyngeal pH Changes in Different Laryngeal Diseases
Authors: Han Honglei , Lyu Qiuping , Liang Yan 
Published: March 2022

Objectives To evaluate the different characteristics of oropharyngeal pH changes in patients with different laryngeal diseases. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data of 262 patients were summarized. The patients were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 included 123 patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). Group 2 included 45 patients with vocal cord polyps. Group 3 included 40 patients with vocal cord leukoplakia. Group 4 included 54 patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Their reflux symptom indexes (RSIs), reflux finding scores (RFSs), and Dx-pH monitoring results were compared. Results In total, 235 patients had abnormal RSI/RFS, 90 patients had abnormal Ryan scores. The rate of abnormal RSI/RFS of Group 1 was significantly higher than that of Group 4 (P = .001). Significant differences of the rates of abnormal Ryan scores existed between Groups 2 and 4 (P = .021) and Groups 3 and 4 (P = .027). There were obvious differences in upright Ryan scores between Groups 1 and 2 (P = .013), Groups 1 and 3 (P = .002), Groups 2 and 4 (P = .046), and Groups 3 and 4 (P = .009). There were significant differences in time percentage of oropharyngeal pH of upright 5.5∼6.5 and supine 5.0∼6.5 between Groups 1 and 3 as well as Groups 1 and 4 (upright: Groups 1 and 3: P = .017; Groups 1 and 4: P = .019. Supine: Groups 1 and 3: P = .018; Groups 1 and 4: P = .023). Conclusions There were different oropharyngeal pH characteristics in patients with different laryngeal diseases, which indicated laryngopharyngeal reflux may play different roles in different diseases through various patterns. Patients with vocal cord polyps, vocal cord leukoplakia, and laryngeal carcinoma had more and different patterns of oropharyngeal pH change than patients with LPRD. Patients with vocal cord polyps and vocal cord leukoplakia had more severe acid oropharyngeal pH change episodes than patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
Time-dependent incidence rates and risk factors for transferring to hemodialysis in patients on peritoneal dialysis under the Thai PD-First Policy
Authors: Sangthawan Pornpen , Ingviya Thammasin , Thokanit Nintita Sripaiboonkit , Janma Jirayut , Changsirikulchai Siribha 
Published: March 2022

Background: Haemodialysis (HD) transfer (HDT) is the major challenge of peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to analyse the time-dependent incidence rates and risk factors for permanent HDT in patients under Thailand’s PD First policy. Methods: The records of 20,545 patients from January 2008 to June 2018 were studied. The time on therapy (TOT) was divided into 0–3, 3–12, 12–24, 24–36, 36–48 and more than 48 months. The time-dependent incidence rates and causes of PD dropout were investigated. The risk factors for HDT were analysed by multivariable Poisson regression model and presented as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The main cause of PD dropout was death (45.7%) with 17.4% of the patients transferred to HD. The median (25th to 75th interquartile range) dialysis vintage was 1.4 (0.5–2.7) years. The incidence rates of HDT increased with TOT. Patients with universal coverage were transferred to HD less frequently than those with other health schemes. Patients who were illiterate or only had primary school education had a higher risk of being transferred to HD after 48 months of TOT (IRR 1.41 (95% CI 1.07–1.89)). Peritonitis within the first year of PD was the risk for HDT during 13–48 months of PD. The reasons for HDT changed with TOT. Mechanical complications followed by peritonitis were the main causes of HDT during the first 3 months, and after that peritonitis was the main reason. Conclusions: The incidence of HDT increased with TOT. The risks for HDT changed over time on PD.
Characterizing India’s Financial Cycle
Authors: Behera Harendra , Sharma Saurabh 
Published: March 2022

The severity of the effects of global financial crisis resuscitates the need for assessing the macro-financial linkages and measuring financial cycle to prevent the economy from major financial shocks. Our article measures financial cycle by using turning point analysis, spectral analysis and band-pass filter and provides the evidence on the existence of financial cycle in India. We find the length and duration of cycles in financial variables are much greater as compared to the business cycle. While both credit and equity prices drive financial cycles over time, the contribution of house prices has increased since mid-2000s. We find that the expansionary phase of the financial cycle provides an early warning signal about stress build-up in the banking sector and impending depress in the economy. JEL Codes: C22, E30, E44, E58, G18
Drug overdose death rates in different countries: Who should be alarmed?
Authors: Snowdon John 
Published: March 2022

Objectives This study aims to assess how many nations, in addition to the United States and Canada, report alarmingly high drug overdose death rates, and to compare how those rates have changed. Conclusions Drug overdose death rates exceed four per 100,000 in over 10% of the world’s nations, including Libya (where rates are increasing) and in Russia (where rates have fallen). A comparison of data from five well-resourced nations with high drug death rates showed recently accelerated and alarming increases in rates in the United States and Canada (attributed to influx of fentanyl, plus increased stimulant use). A reported recent fall in Canada’s drug suicide rate may be attributable to misclassification of some suicides as accidents. There is an urgent need to ensure accuracy and better understanding concerning drug overdose deaths and how to prevent them.