bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and simulation study on luminous characteristics of Trichel discharge in air at picosecond time resolution
Authors: Meng Xianglin , Song Hui , Sheng Gehao , Jiang Xiuchen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe optical morphology of discharge is the main characteristic parameter describing the physical process of the discharge, and the luminescence behavior is inextricably linked to the motion behavior of charged particles. Since the Trichel discharge in air is a weak ionization event occurring on the sub‐nanosecond time scale, micron space scale and accompanied by weak luminescence, the current experimental observation means have a low spatial and temporal resolution, which is insufficient to study the details of its luminescence properties clearly. To address this problem, the intensity of light generated by Trichel discharge in air is first measured and resolved in time and space using a constructed ultrafast optical counting and imaging system. At a very high temporal resolution of 55 ps, it is found that both its light emission and current pulse showed a trend of first rapid growth and then slow decline on the time scale of tens of nanoseconds. Later, in order to further investigate the connection between the microscopic behavior of charged particles and photons, a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic simulation model with three components (electrons, positive ions, and negative ions) is developed and the current simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that the size of the ionization region and the interaction between particles in the discharge process are the main factors affecting the Trichel pulse and its photoemission. Electrons play a dominant role in photon generation during the rise time process, while it is the recombination process of positive and negative charges, which contributes the main photons during the fall time process. Finally, it is proposed that the expression of photon flux should be amended to include an additional term responsible for the photons generated due to recombination. The study helps to advance the understanding of the luminescence characteristics and the discharge mechanism of Trichel discharge.
Cooperative decision making for connected automated vehicles in multiple driving scenarios
Authors: Wang Jinzhu , Ma Zhixiong , Zhu Xichan , Bai Jie , Huang Libo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo improve the application range of decision‐making systems for connected automated vehicles, this paper proposes a cooperative decision‐making approach for multiple driving scenarios based on the combination of multi‐agent reinforcement learning with centralized planning. Specifically, the authors derived driving tasks from driving scenarios and computed the policy functions for different driving scenarios as linear combinations of policy functions for a set of specific driving tasks. Then, the authors classified vehicle coalitions according to the relationships between vehicles and used centralized planning methods to determine the optimal combination of actions for each coalition. Finally, the authors conducted tests in two driving scenarios considering different traffic densities to evaluate the performance of the developed approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach exhibits good robustness in multiple driving scenarios while enabling cooperative decision making for connected automated vehicles, thereby ensuring safe and rational decision making.
Endoscopic Removal of an Intramurally Ingrown Foreign Body in the Angular Fold of the Stomach
Authors: Wulfert Anna , Khessrawi Belal , Ries Jürgen , Sahm Stephan , Zimmer Matthias 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungEine 67-jährige Patientin mit chronischer Gastritis stellte sich wegen zunehmenden epigastrischen Schmerzen in der Notaufnahme vor. Auf Grund einer nicht wegweisenden Initialdiagnostik wurde eine Computertomographie des Abdomens durchgeführt. In dieser stellte sich ein Fremdkörper am Magenausgang dar. Unter radiologischer Kontrolle erfolgte ein anspruchsvolles, zeitintensives endoskopisches Freipräparieren des Fremdkörpers. Nach postinterventionellem Abschwellen der Schleimhaut konnte in einer zweiten Sitzung ein Fischknochen geborgen werden. Die aufwendige endoskopische Intervention bewahrte die Patientin vor einer Operation.
Selective Inhibition of 11beta-Hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase-1 with BI
187004 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity: Safety,
Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics After Multiple Dosing Over 14
Days
Authors: Bianzano Susanna , Schepers Cornelia , Wolff Michael , Heise Tim , Plum-Moerschel Leona 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective To assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and
pharmacodynamics of treatment with the selective 11beta-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase-1 (11beta-HSD1) inhibitor BI 187004 in male and female patients
with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.
Methods Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled
multiple rising dose study, with 10–360 mg BI 187004 once daily
over 14 days in 71 patients. Assessments included 11beta-HSD1 inhibition in the
liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue ex vivo (clinical trial registry number
NCT01874483).
Results BI 187004 was well tolerated and safe in all tested dose groups.
The incidence of drug-related adverse events was 51.8% (n=29)
for BI 187004 and 35.7% (n=5) for placebo. There were no
clinically relevant deviations in laboratory or electrocardiogram parameters
besides one patient on 360 mg discontinuing treatment due to moderate
supraventricular tachycardia.BI 187004 was rapidly absorbed within 2 h; exposure increased
non-proportionally. The oral clearance was low, apparent volume of distribution
was moderate to large, and terminal half-life with 106–124 h was
rather long. Urinary tetrahydrocortisol/tetrahydrocortisone ratio
decreased, indicating liver 11beta-HSD1 inhibition. Median inhibition of
11beta-HSD1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies was
87.9–99.4% immediately after the second dose and
73.8–97.5% 24 h after the last dose of BI 187004.
Conclusions BI 187004 was safe and well tolerated over 14 days and could
be dosed once daily. Targeted 11beta-HSD1 enzyme inhibition
of≥80% could be shown for BI 187004 doses≥40 mg.
This dose should be targeted in further studies to test blood glucose lowering
in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.
Aquaporin-4 Expression in Meningioma Malignancy Progression
Authors: Pereira Benedito Jamilson Araújo , Oba-Shinjo Sueli M. , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de , Almeida Antonio Nogueira de , Paiva Wellingson da Silva , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present study is to analyze if aquaporin-4 (AQP4) may also be a tumor progression marker for meningiomas.
Methods This is an immunohistochemistry study realized at the Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil: frozen meningioma samples from 81 patients (57 females and 24 males, age range from 22 to 81 years old, average 56.5 ± 14.1 years old), including 57 meningiomas World Health Organization (WHO) grade I (GI); 19 grade II (GII), and 5 grade III (GIII) were analyzed. The relative expression level of AQP4 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), using the SYBR Green approach and for staining detection. Tissue sections were routinely processed and subjected to antigen retrieval.
Results The expression of AQP4 in meningioma samples ranged from 0 to 10.26, with a median of 0.001 in GI cases, of 0.008 in GII cases, and of 0.006 in GIII cases. Although not statistically significant (p = 0.942), GI meningiomas have a lower median AQP4 expression level than higher malignant grade cases.
Conclusion The AQP4 gene and protein expressions presented no association with meningioma malignant progression.
High-order mode interaction structure for a W-band CW sheet beam extended interaction klystron
Authors: Jin Qi , Geng Zhihui , Zhang Rui , Xie Bingchuan , Wang Shuzhong , Liao Yunfeng , Yang Xiudong , Xu Shouxi 
Published: November 2022

To solve the problem of mode competition in high-order working modes, this paper presents a fast design method based on the TM31-2π mode for the dumbbell shaped extended interaction cavity. Based on the equivalent circuit theory, the high-frequency characteristics of the structure are studied. In addition, we propose a W-band continuous wave sheet beam extended interaction klystron high-frequency circuit. The circuit was driven by a 20 kV and 0.85 A sheet electron beam, with a 3.2 × 0.3 mm2 section. The beam was focused by a 0.8 T permanent magnet system. The high-frequency system adopts five dumbbell shaped five-gap cavities, and the output system adopts a symmetrical output waveguide. The 3D particle-in-cell simulation shows that more than 1.5 kW power can be obtained at an input power of 0.12 W, and the electron efficiency and gain are 9.2% and 41.2 dB, respectively.
Replacement of choline chloride with a plant source of choline in broiler chicken diets
Authors: Dias Allan Gabriel Ferreira , Leandro Nadja Susana Mogyca , Stringhini José Henrique , Batista João Marcos Monteiro , Brasileiro Julio Cesar Lopes , Santin Ana Paula Iglesias , Moura Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani , Café Marcos Barcellos 
Published: November 2022

Context Choline is an essential nutrient in broiler diets, and its supplementation is traditionally made using choline chloride, a synthetic ingredient that is difficult to handle and store because of its hygroscopicity. A natural choline alternative may have benefits for feed manufacturing and broiler performance. Aim The objective of the present study was to examine the use of a plant source of choline to replace choline chloride in broiler diets. Methods Male Cobb broilers (n = 1120) were reared from Day 1 to Day 42 in boxes in an industrial shed and fed isonutritive diets based on maize and soybean meal. The experimental design was completely randomised with four treatments, eight replicates and 35 birds per replicate. Treatments were: control, choline source 100% choline chloride; and replacement of 25%, 50% and 100% of choline chloride with herbal choline. Herbal choline was derived from Ocimum sanctum, Andrographis paniculata, Silybum marianum, Glycine max and Azadirachta indica. Production performance, carcass and cut yields (at Day 42), feathering score and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Key results There were no differences among the treatments for weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, or carcass and cut yields. However, lot uniformity improved when 100% herbal choline replaced choline chloride. There was no difference among treatments for feathering score, but feather percentage (at Day 42) was highest in treatments with herbal choline associated with choline chloride (25:75 or 50:50). The 100% herbal choline treatment resulted in lower concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein at Days 21 and 42. Conclusions Herbal choline can fully replace choline chloride in broiler diets. Implications Use of plant choline in broiler diets reduces ingredient losses and improves chicken health by reducing serum low-density lipoprotein.
“This figure could be better, but how?”
Authors: Semouchkina Vassilissa , Chen Yeechi , Larson Kevin , Cheng Karen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper considers whether scientists can improve their visual design abilities by participating in critiques. In design education, a critique is a class session where designers present their work-in-progress and receive feedback from faculty, peers, and invited critics. In this study, we show that an intervention consisting of (1) an introduction to visual principles, (2) an explanation of critique methodology, and (3) participation in a group critique led to a significant increase in both the quantity and quality of feedback that scientists provided on a set of figures. These findings indicate that critiques can be a valuable practice for scientists to integrate into their research labs.
This deserves a brief mention
Authors: Siepmann Dirk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article takes a doubly contrastive approach to spoken academic language. On the one hand, it explores genre differences between spoken and written academic English and French; on the other, it considers divergences between spoken academic discourse in the two languages. The corpora used for this purpose were purpose-built on the basis of YouTube video subtitles and other sources. The focus of attention is on keywords and key metadiscursive routines. The results suggest that, somewhat counterintuitively, the distance between academic speech and writing is smaller in French than it is in English, so that written routines can be more easily transferred to speech in French. French written and spoken discourse shows a greater degree of abstraction and self-referentiality than is the case in English. The article selectively illustrates that both French and English have a distinct set of spoken routines that are not used in writing; these need to be described and recorded in lexicographic resources to make them available for teachers and learners.
‘Beirut you will rise again’
Authors: Karam Fares J. , Kibler Amanda K. , Warren Amber N. , Shweiry Zinnia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study examines the Linguistic Landscape (LL) of two streets in Beirut (Foch and Weygand) following a series of protests in October 2019 against the Lebanese government. We analyzed signs of protest on those two streets collected in 2020 and compared them to archival data collected back in 2015 prior to the commencement of the protests. We drew upon an expanding LL literature of contestation and resistance and theoretically framed our study in concepts of reclaiming public spaces through protest signs (Martín Rojo, 2014a). Photographic data was collected and analyzed based on a critical discourse historiographical approach (Flowerdew, 2017). Implications with regard to Beirut’s changing identity and conflicting discourses of protest, hope, and censorship competing for space on its streets are presented. The study also presents asynchronous narrative layering as an approach that addresses historical and cultural dimensions and power structures that underlie the narratives that shape protest movements.
Residual stress reduction in wire arc additively manufactured parts using in-situ electric pulses
Authors: Gudur Srinath , Simhambhatla Suryakumar , Venkata Reddy N. 
Published: November 2022

Components fabricated in metal additive manufacturing, including wire arc additive manufacturing, undergo complex thermal cycles, resulting in residual stresses and thermal distortions. The present work investigates the effect of applying in-situ electric pulses to the component after the deposition of every layer to reduce residual stresses. The experimental results revealed that electropulsing resulted in dislocation rearrangement/annihilation, thereby decreasing dislocation density. A significant reduction in the fraction of low angle grain boundaries was observed for electropulse-treated samples, indicating a decrease in residual stress. Further, X-ray diffraction results also confirm a reduction in residual stress (24.0–29.4% reduction compared to untreated samples). The method can effectively be used to address specific regions selectively in addition to in-situ reduction of residual stresses in deposited components. Abbreviations: EBSD: electron backscattered diffraction; EPT: electropulsing treatment; EWF: electron wind force; GND: geometrically necessary dislocations; KAM: Kernel average misorientation; LAGBs: low angle grain boundaries; WAAM: wire arc additive manufacturing; XRD: X-ray diffraction
The relationship between physical characteristics and match collision performance among elite international female rugby union players
Authors: Woodhouse Luke Nicholas , Bennett Mark , Tallent Jamie , Patterson Stephen David , Waldron Mark 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether anthropometric and physical abilities explained variance in match collision performance among international female rugby union players. Physical performance and anthropometric data for fifty‐one international female rugby union players, and collision actions categorised as “effort” or “performance” variables, from 20 international matches, were analysed using partial least squares regression. Among forwards, variance in carries/min was explained (R2 = .22) by a combination of; body mass, skinfolds, acceleration momentum and negative associations with mean aerobic speed and single‐leg isometric squat relative force (SLISO/kgBM). Variance in collision dominance among forwards was explained (R2 = .21) by lower skinfolds and higher acceleration momentum, while tackles/min (R2 = .19) were explained by greater jumping power and single‐leg isometric squat (SLISO). Among backs, variance in tackles/min (R2 = .54) was explained by greater bench press, SLISO and SLISO/kgBM. Variance in collision dominance among backs was explained (R2 = .23) by negative and positive associations with body mass and SLISO/kgBM, respectively. These findings suggest the development of physical characteristics, such as body mass and composition, strength and power contribute towards successful collision actions among international female rugby union players. The contribution of different physical characteristics towards collision events is dependent on position, and whether the collision event is categorised by “performance” or “effort”. It is suggested that physical training programmes should reflect this level of specificity.
Fault diagnosis method based on triple generative adversarial nets for imbalanced data
Authors: Su Changwei , Wang Xueren , Liu Ruijie , Guo Ziyi , Sang Shengtian , Yu Shuang , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deep learning (DL) fault diagnosis methods require no expert knowledge and can adaptively extract fault features to realize automated diagnoses. However, factories’ limited and imbalanced data cause DL fault diagnosis methods to fail to meet data diversity requirements and perform poorly. To solve this problem, this paper proposes triple Wasserstein generative adversarial nets with classifier penalty (Triple-WGAN-CP). We first train Triple-WGAN-CP to generate samples to balance the original unbalanced dataset, then input the new balanced dataset to the fault classifier of Triple-WGAN-CP to continue training. Finally, when the numbers of consecutive sampling points in each of the nine fault classes are only 3140, 2300, and 2076, we achieve the highest prediction accuracies of 99.5%, 95.1%, and 65.1%, respectively, and the highest average accuracies for the nine environments (signal-to-noise ratio −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and ∞) of 96.2%, 84.1%, and 55.1%, respectively. Comparisons with other methods show that this has achieved significant improvements in accuracy and noise robustness and has broad application prospects in the field of limited and imbalanced data fault diagnosis.
Collaboration and feeling of flow with an online interactive H5P video experiment on viscosity
Authors: Kosmaca Jelena , Siiman Leo A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Online video experiments are a promising educational technology tool for science laboratory classes. In order to find optimal instructional designs and scenarios for using online video experiments, we need to study learners’ experiences. This work describes implementation of an online interactive video experiment at the undergraduate introductory physics level. Three variations of an online video experiment with different levels of interactivity were designed and tested with 68 students. Our findings suggest that interactive H5P features added to the video can support collaboration and engage students by providing the needed scaffolding and feedback during online practical works. Interactive branching can be used to advance video experiments towards simulating real laboratory collaboration experiences in an online learning environment.
Measuring the average velocity and acceleration of a moving object on an inclined plane using a magnetic sensor on a smartphone
Authors: Dumrongkitpakorn Pollawat , Khemmani Supitch , Plaipichit Suwan , Wicharn Surawut , Puttharugsa Chokchai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates an alternative method to measure the time interval of a moving object in linear motion using the magnetic sensor of a smartphone. The smartphone is stationary and records the magnetic field as a function of time from a moving object with attached magnetic buttons. The value of time interval is then measured and both velocity and acceleration are calculated for the moving object. This method prevents the smartphone from being damaged. The proposed experiment is easy to set up with available objects, and students can conduct this experiment at home.
A novel multi-scale 2D CNN with weighted focal loss for arrhythmias detection on varying-dimensional ECGs
Authors: Xia Pan , He Zhengling , Bai Zhongrui , Wang Yuqi , Yu Xianya , Geng Fanglin , Du Lidong , Chen Xianxiang , Wang Peng , Zhu Yusi , Du Mingyan , Fang Zhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. The ECG is a standard diagnostic tool for identifying many arrhythmias. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention for arrhythmias are of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Our objective is to develop an algorithm that can automatically identify 30 arrhythmias by using varying-dimensional ECG signals. Approach. In this paper, we firstly proposed a novel multi-scale 2D CNN that can effectively capture pathological information from small-scale to large-scale from ECG signals to identify 30 arrhythmias from 12-lead, 6-lead, 4-lead, 3-lead, and 2-lead ECGs. Secondly, we explored the effects of varying convolution kernels sizes and branch subnetworks on the model’s performance for each arrhythmia. Thirdly, we introduced the weighted focal loss to alleviate the positive-negative class imbalance problem in the multi-label arrhythmias classification. Fourthly, we explored the utility of reduced-lead ECGs in detecting arrhythmias by comparing the performances of models on varying-dimensional ECGs. Main results. As a follow-up entry after the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge (2021), our proposed approach achieved the official test scores of 0.52, 0.47, 0.53, 0.51, and 0.50 for the 12-lead, 6-lead, 4-lead, 3-lead, and 2-lead ECGs on the hidden test set (comparable to that of 6th, 11th, 4th, 5th, and 7th out of 39 teams in the Challenge). Significance. A multi-scale framework capable of detecting 30 arrhythmias from varying-dimensional ECGs was proposed in our work. We preliminarily verified that the multi-scale perception fields may be necessary to capture more comprehensive pathological information for arrhythmias detection. Besides, we also verified that the weighted focal loss may alleviate the positive–negative class imbalance and improve the model’s generalization performance on the cross-dataset. In addition, we observed that some reduced-lead models, such as the 4-lead and 3-lead models, can even achieve performance that is almost comparable to that of the 12-lead model. The excellent performance of our proposed framework demonstrates its great potential in detecting a wide range of arrhythmias.