bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure elucidation and toxicological evaluation of cyclic Polyethersulfone oligomers present in extracts of membrane filters
Authors: Menzel Roberto , Maier Tanja , Täuscher Eric , von Mertz Franziska Spruner , Freiberger Emma , Golz Christopher , Fruth Lothar , Pahl Ina , Hauk Armin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyethersulfone (PES) is a widely used polymer in consumer and technical products. An important application is PES membranes used in the biopharmaceutical industry for sterilizing‐grade filtration and for filtration of food and beverages. For both uses, detailed information about migrating compounds that can be extracted from the polymeric material into a liquid must be gathered. In the pharmaceutical industry, comprehensive extractables studies are required for contact materials, and the data is used in the qualification of the process equipment. PES is generated via polycondensation, which forms cyclic oligomers as a by‐product of the reaction. However, no structural information is available for these cyclic oligomers so far. In this publication, we present the analytical determination of PES cyclic oligomers. Their presence in extracts of PES membrane filters is confirmed. The structure of the PES cyclic trimer is elucidated by X‐ray and NMR investigation, obtained as crystals from the sublimation of the PES raw material. A strategy is shown to assess the toxicity of such cyclic oligomers and to derive a permitted daily exposure (PDE). The data will reduce the levels of unknowns in extractables and leachables screenings and supports the risk assessment of PES sterile filters.
Social bonding strategies in the context of retirement migration to nonmetropolitan areas in the United States—Insights from Michigan and North Carolina
Authors: Matysiak Ilona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article aims to explore social bonding strategies of 35 older Americans who in‐migrated to nonmetropolitan areas in the United States upon their retirement. The qualitative research covered Leelanau County in Michigan and Transylvania County in North Carolina as examples of important but less studied retirement destinations compared to the elderly's residential mobility to the Sun Belt region. The main research problem addressed was to what extent older in‐migrants create and develop social bonds in their new places of residence, how and with whom. The analysis showed that the interviewees connect with others mostly through volunteering and community engagement, practices related to hobbies and leisure, as well as by joining local churches and religious groups. Their social relationships, however, are often limited to other ‘transplants’, and raise concerns about support needed when their health deteriorates.
Computing and analyzing the normalized Laplacian spectrum and spanning tree of the strong prism of the dicyclobutadieno derivative of linear phenylenes
Authors: Liu Jia‐Bao , Gu Jiao‐Jiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study of topological indices of some special chemical graphs has become a hot topic in chemical theory. Let Ln be the dicyclobutadieno derivative of linear phenylene which consists of n hexagons and (n + 1) quadrangles and let be the strong prism of the dicyclobutadieno derivative of linear phenylenes. Firstly, we obtain that the normalized Laplacian spectrum of consists of the eigenvalues of symmetric matrices and according to the decomposition theorem of normalized Laplacian characteristic polynomial. Then, by taking full advantage of the relationship between the roots and coefficients of the characteristic polynomials of the above two matrices, we determine the explicit expressions of the multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index and the number of spanning trees of the graph .
Carbon sequestration efficiency in red paddy soil originating from different parent materials in Jiangxi, China
Authors: Liao Qianyi , Liang Feng , He Xiaolin , Miao Yulin , Wang Lu , Zheng Qin , Li Xiaomao , Li Xizhen , Zhang Qin , Zhao Xiaomin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRed paddy soils in southern China originate from various parent materials; however, the respective characteristics of C sequestration efficiency (CSE) are unclear. Here, three cultivated land monitoring sites in Jiangxi province were examined, with soils originating from argillaceous rock, quaternary red clay, and granite. We assessed crop yield and soil physicochemical properties over several years and measured soil organic C (SOC) storage, SOC fractions, and chemical structure in 2019 to test differences in CSE characteristics, SOC structure stability, and factors affecting red paddy soils. The change in SOC storage under long‐term fertilization showed the following descending order: red paddy soils derived from argillaceous rock (1.10 t ha−1 yr−1) > granite (0.75 t ha−1 yr−1) > quaternary red clay (0.12 t ha−1 yr−1); the order of CSE was granite (0.24) > argillaceous rock (0.22) > quaternary red clay (0.08). Red paddy soil from argillaceous rock had the highest proportion of recalcitrant organic C (ROC) and SOC stability (aromaticity 0.45). Red paddy soil originating from granite had the lowest ROC proportion (54%) and SOC stability (aromaticity 0.35). Soil properties, organic C input, and amount of N fertilizer explained 53.6% of the total CSE variation. SOC, pH, and organic C input were the main factors affecting CSE, with relative contribution rates of 36.4, 6.2, and 6.3%, respectively. pH (30.4%) was the main factor affecting CSE variation in argillaceous rock paddy soil. Soil organic C (52.2%) was the main factor explain CSE variation in quaternary red clay‐derived red paddy soil. Soil organic C and organic C input explained 39.4 and 21.3% of the variation in CSE in granite‐derived paddy soils. The parent material can directly or indirectly affect CSE through soil texture.
Thermo‐controlled, self‐released smart wood tailored by nanotechnology for fast clean‐up of highly viscous liquids
Authors: Cai Yahui , Wu Jianfei , Wang Kaili , Dong Youming , Hu Jundie , Qu Jiafu , Tian Dan , Li Jianzhang , Fu Qiliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDesigning highly porous materials is of great importance for liquid separation, water purification, and disinfection, such as spill oil cleaning and recycling, seawater desalting, and oil/water separation. However, a remaining challenge is to produce porous materials with the characteristics of fast absorption, continuous directional transport, and self‐release of viscous liquid. Herein, a functional cellulosic composite is reported by the chemical treatment and functionalization of wood resulting in a smart wood that can thermally self‐release and separate high viscosity oil. The smart wood has a high absorption speed of 1398 mL/(m2·s) (ethylene glycol) and a maximum absorption capacity of 47.2 g/g (chloroform) due to its intrinsic vertical micro/nanoscale channel structure, low tortuosity, and high porosity. Moreover, the switchable wettability is achieved by the surface coating of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) on the porous wood, which enables the collection and removal of oil from the oil/water mixture. The high viscosity oil can be automatically released due to the passive oil release at room temperature. The release capacity of the smart wood remains above 91% after 15 cyclic tests. We envision that this functional smart wood could be extended to a wide range of applications in smart hydrogels, microfluidics, artificial drug release, and environmental restoration.
Scientific Challenges and Improvement Strategies of Zn‐Based Anodes for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuxiu , Li Luping , Ji Xu , Cheng Shuang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted widespread attention due to the intrinsic features of Zn‐based anodes, mainly including high capacity, low cost, and low working potential together with high over‐potential for hydrogen evolution reaction. Aqueous ZIBs are considered to be strong competitors and substitutes for lead‐acid, nickel‐metal hydrogen, nickel‐cadmium, and even lithium‐ion batteries. Great efforts have been made in the past few years towards the issues existed in aqueous ZIBs, mainly including alkaline and mild acidic systems. In this perspective, we illustrate the advantages, the main challenges, and the corresponding solution strategies of Zn‐based anodes in various aqueous rechargeable ZIBs with alkaline and mild acidic electrolytes. Furthermore, feasible aqueous ZIBs for practical use are prospected.
Evidence of bovine immunodeficiency virus: A molecular survey in water buffalo populations of Iran
Authors: Keshavarz Haniyeh , Mohammadi Ali , Morovati Solmaz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a member of the Retroviridae family causing a progressive lifelong infection in cattle and buffaloes.ObjectiveDespite the worldwide distribution of the virus, the studies concerning the prevalence of BIV in buffalo populations have not been conducted in Iran as yet.MethodsThe BIV proviral DNA was surveyed in 120 whole blood samples of water buffaloes in southwestern Iran. Nested PCR was employed to amplify a 298‐bp fragment of the pol gene. The BIV Pol sequence was detected in 9.1% of the samples. Among PCR‐positive samples, two amplified fragments were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing.Results and conclusionsThe studied sequences were completely identical to each other and had more than 98%–99% nucleotide homology to R‐29 and HXB3 sequences previously deposited in GenBank. Some point mutations that caused coding substitutions were observed in the studied isolates, compared to other strains. A phylogenetic tree was generated based on the BIV Pol nucleotide sequences reported from other countries. All the BIV strains originated from a unique main cluster and then separated from each other over time. This is the first report on the molecular detection of BIV infections in water buffalo populations in Iran. The wide distribution of BIV in different countries including Iran indicates the importance of the infection as it relates to animal health. Although buffaloes show greater resistance to diseases, they should be considered a health risk to cattle. Furthermore, BIV has negative effects on buffalo milk production and can predispose them to secondary infections. Hence, the findings of this study can advance our understanding of the occurrence of BIV infection in Iran, which can play an important role in the distribution of the disease worldwide.
Return, Precarity and Vulnerability in West Africa: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Bisong Amanda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses how return and reintegration programmes for irregular migrants and rejected asylum seekers construct and create vulnerabilities. The chapter analyses the lived experiences of returnees in Edo state, Nigeria. It examines the experiences of irregular migrants and rejected asylum seekers who were returned to their places of origin through AVRR programmes or other forms of return assistance programmes. First it examines the context of return migration in Nigeria and the legal-bureaucratic construction of vulnerability in the Nigerian context. Then it proceeds to analyse the efforts of the Nigerian state in implementing return and reintegration programmes. Based on 15 in-depth interviews with returnees, civil society organisations and government officials, it examines the experiences of returnees and their perspectives of vulnerability and precarity in returning to their communities of origin. The research finds that poorly implemented return programmes, may worsen the vulnerabilities of migrants instead of promoting their integration. However, migrants may reinforce their vulnerabilities in order to benefit from perceived advantages offered by the state or international organisations. Lastly, family and community efforts help migrants cope with the vulnerabilities they are exposed to in their communities of origin.
International Remittances and Development in West Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Tapsoba Tebkieta Alexandra , Hubert Dabiré Bonayi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRemittances are one of the precious spin-offs of international migration in developing countries. They have been fast growing for the last decade, but like any other income, they fluctuate with economic conditions which are affected by several shocks, such as the ongoing covid 19 pandemic. Nevertheless, these transfers sometimes exceed Official Development Aid (ODA) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in some parts of the World such as Sub-Saharan Africa, demonstrating their importance for promoting socio-economic development. This chapter focuses on Burkina Faso, a West African country where more than 80% of the population practice subsistence agriculture, and bear heavily the consequences of poor climatic conditions, exacerbated by the ongoing climate change. The country also has a great history of migration mainly written by its colonial past. Using data from several sources such as the World Bank indicators and national surveys, this chapter aims firstly to understand the trends of remittances flows in the country for the last decade. Secondly, using a national survey on migration conducted in the country, we found that receiving international remittances increases the probability of setting up a non-agricultural business. This result suggests that remittances can help households to set up businesses and be less dependent on climatic conditions.
The Classic Ontology of Leadership
Authors: Tipurić Darko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that leadership can be viewed from more than one perspective. Leadership is conceptualized both as the concept that denotes an individual or a group of individuals whose authority has been accepted by others and, a process in which the set goals, plans and tasks are realized through exerting influence on one’s followers and their behaviour. The chapter describes three types of theoretical approaches according to the classic ontology of leadership: (1) leader-focused based on leadership traits, skills and styles, (2) follower-focused based on information processing, social constructivism paradigm and implicit leadership theories, and (3) situation-focused centered on the impact of the situation on leadership and its manifestations).
Facing Tensions in Strategic Leadership
Authors: Tipurić Darko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter leads readers beyond the known boundaries of previous thinking in strategic leadership and confronts the tensions and paradoxes that this phenomenon carries, thus giving a whole new dimension and category of thinking on strategic leadership. Paradoxes and incongruities are undoubtedly the defining characteristics of organizational ambience, and it is the strategic leader’s task to overcome them, orchestrate the organizational tensions and develop mechanisms that will contribute to the organization’s better embeddedness in the present and future social context. Conflicting discourses, concepts, interests, understandings, or aspirations lead to much organizational tension and many paradoxes that strategic leaders must deal with on a daily basis.
Strategic Leadership Between Hegemony and Ideology
Authors: Tipurić Darko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the construct of hegemony of strategic leadership and the categories of power and how it reflects on strategic leadership. Within an organization, hegemony gets an additional meaning. It refers to the members ‘and the entire collective’s acceptance of the dominant organizational ideology and aspirations established by the managerial elite. Further, power is an inevitable category when it comes to understanding social relations and structures. Having power means being able to influence the behaviour of others but not necessarily to also modify their behaviour. In this chapter, the author skilfully fills the philosophical gap in the field of strategic leadership, defending the thesis that strategic leadership is inseparable from organizational ideology.
Prerequisites for the clinical implementation of a markerless SGRT-only workflow for the treatment of breast cancer patients
Authors: Sauer Tim-Oliver , Ott Oliver J. , Lahmer Godehard , Fietkau Rainer , Bert Christoph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A markerless workflow for the treatment of breast cancer patients has been introduced and evaluated retrospectively. It includes surface-guided radiation therapy (SGRT)-only positioning for patients with small cone beam CT (CBCT) position corrections during the first five fractions. Prerequisites and the frequency of its clinical application were evaluated, as well as potential benefits in terms of treatment time and dose savings, the frequency of CBCT scans, and the accuracy of the positioning.

Methods
A group of 100 patients treated with the new workflow on two Versa HD linacs has been compared to a matched control group of patients treated with the former workflow, which included prepositioning with skin markings and lasers, SGRT and daily CBCT. The comparison was based on the evaluation of logfiles.

Results
Of the patients treated with the new workflow, 40% did not receive daily CBCT scans. This resulted in mean time savings of 97 s, 166 s and 239 s per fraction for the new workflow, for patients treated without daily CBCT and for SGRT-only fractions, respectively, when compared to the old workflow. Dose savings amounted to a weighted computed tomography dose index reduction of CTDIW = 2.56 cGy on average for normofractionated treatment and weekly CBCTs, while for patients not treated with daily CBCT, SGRT-based positioning accuracy was 5.2 mm for the mean translational magnitude, as evaluated by CBCT.

Conclusion
For 40% of the patients, after five fractions with small CBCT corrections, the workflow could be changed to SGRT-only positioning with weekly CBCT. This leads to imaging dose and time savings and thus also reduced intrafraction motion, potentially increased patient throughput and patient comfort, while assuring appropriate positioning accuracy.
Development and evaluation of an automated solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (aSAFE)
Authors: Schlumpberger Philipp , Stübner Christine A. , Steinhaus Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtefact-avoiding isolation of the volatiles from foods is a crucial step before analysis of odour-active compounds by gas chromatography (GC). In the past 20 years, solvent extraction followed by solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) has become the standard approach, particularly prior to GC–olfactometry. The manual valve of the SAFE equipment, however, leads to suboptimal yields and the risk of a contamination of the volatile isolate with non-volatiles. We thus developed an automated SAFE (aSAFE) approach by replacing the manual valve with an electronically controlled pneumatic valve. The aSAFE provides clearly higher yields than the manual SAFE (mSAFE), notably from extracts high in lipids and for odorants with comparably high boiling points. Additionally, aSAFE substantially reduces the risk of non-volatiles being transferred to the volatile isolate. Full automatisation is possible by combining the aSAFE approach with an automated liquid nitrogen refill system as well as an endpoint recognition and shut-off system.
Antioxidative potential of Lactobacillus sp. in ameliorating D-galactose-induced aging
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Bhardwaj Kanchan , Valko Marian , Alomar Suliman Y. , Alwasel Saleh H. , Cruz-Martins Natália , Dhanjal Daljeet Singh , Singh Reena , Kuča Kamil , Verma Rachna , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAging is a progressive, unalterable physiological degradation process of living organisms, which leads to deterioration of biological function and eventually to senescence. The most prevalent factor responsible for aging is the accumulation of damages resulting from oxidative stress and dysbiosis. D-galactose-induced aging has become a hot topic, and extensive research is being conducted in this area. Published literature has reported that the continuous administration of D-galactose leads to the deterioration of motor and cognitive skills, resembling symptoms of aging. Hence, this procedure is employed as a model for accelerated aging. This review aims to emphasize the effect of D-galactose on various bodily organs and underline the role of theLactobacillussp. in the aging process, along with its anti-oxidative potential. A critical consideration to the literature describing animal models that have used theLactobacillussp. in amending D-galactose-induced aging is also given.Key points• D-Galactose induces the aging process via decreasing the respiratory chain enzyme activity as well as ATP synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased ROS production.• D-Galactose induced aging primarily affects the brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and skin.• The anti-oxidative potential of Lactobacillus sp. in improving D-galactose-induced aging in animal models via direct feeding and feeding of Lactobacillus-fermented food.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of its efficacy as a function of protocol characteristics and degree of personalization
Authors: Menardi Arianna , Dotti Lisa , Ambrosini Ettore , Vallesi Antonino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder. Although our knowledge on the causes of AD remains limited and no curative treatments are available, several interventions have been proposed in trying to improve patients’ symptomatology. Among those, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown a promising, safe and noninvasive intervention to improve global cognitive functioning. Nevertheless, we currently lack agreement between research studies on the optimal stimulation protocol yielding the highest efficacy in these patients. To answer this query, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases and meta-analysis of studies published in the last 10 years (2010–2021) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Differently from prior published meta-analytic work, we investigated whether protocols that considered participants-specific neuroimaging scans for the selection of individualized stimulation targets held more successful outcomes compared to those relying on a generalized targeting selection criteria. We then compared the effect sizes of subsets of studies based on additional protocol characteristics (frequency, duration of intervention, number of stimulation sites, use of concomitant cognitive training and patients’ educational level). Our results confirm TMS efficacy in improving global cognitive functioning in mild-to-moderate AD patients, but also highlight the flaws of current protocols characteristics, including a possible lack of sufficient personalization in stimulation protocols.