bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Design of Tunnels
Authors: Mohammed Hassan J. , Khazzl Ammar S. 
Published: July 2022

This study is an application of optimization method to the structural design of tunnels, considering the total cost of the tunnels as an objective function with the properties of the tunnel and soil unit weight, height of soil above tunnel, height of water above tunnel and tunnel radius, as design variables. A computer program has been developed to solve numerical examples using the ACI code equations , requirements and criteria in concrete design. The results shown that the minimum total cost of the tunnel increases with the increase of the soil unit weight and tunnel radius, and decreases with the increase of the height of water above tunnel.
“Myths and Facts” Education Is Comparable to “Facts Only” for Recall of Back Pain Information but May Improve Fear-Avoidance Beliefs: An Embedded Randomized Trial
Authors: Viana da Silva Priscilla , Kamper Steven J. , Robson Emma , Davidson Simon R. E. , Gleadhill Connor , Donald Bruce , Yamato Tiê Parma , Nolan Erin , Lee Hopin , Williams Christopher ,   for the Help Trial Working Group
Published: July 2022

Objective To assess the effectiveness of patient education with “myths and facts” versus “facts only” on recall of back pain information and fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Design Randomized Study Within A Trial. Methods One hundred fifty-two participants with chronic LBP were included. Participants allocated to the “facts only” group received an information sheet with 6 LBP facts, whereas those allocated to the “myths and facts” group received the same information sheet, with each myth refuted by its respective fact. The primary outcome was a correct recall of back pain facts, and the secondary outcome was the physical activity component of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-PA), 2 weeks after the provision of the information sheet. Results There was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants with a correct recall between the “myths and facts” and “facts only” groups (odds ratio = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48, 1.99) and no significant difference in FABQ-PA mean scores between groups (−1.58; 95% CI: −3.77, 0.61). Sensitivity analyses adjusted for prognostic factors showed no difference in information recall but a larger difference in FABQ-PA scores (−2.3; 95% CI: −4.56, −0.04). Conclusion We found no overall difference in the recall of back pain information for patients provided with “myths and facts” compared with that for patients provided with “facts only” and a slight reduction in fear-avoidance beliefs for physical activity using “myths and facts” compared with that using “facts only,” but the meaningfulness of this result is uncertain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(9):586–594. Epub: 9 July 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10989
Including Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Factors Improves Injury Risk Assessment in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Shanley Ellen , Thigpen Charles A. , Collins Gary S. , Arden Nigel K. , Noonan Thomas J. , Wyland Douglas J. , Kissenberth Michael J. , Bullock Garrett S. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives To (1) evaluate an injury risk model that included modifiable and nonmodifiable factors into an arm injury risk prediction model in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) pitchers and (2) compare model performance separately for predicting the incidence of elbow and shoulder injuries. Design Prospective cohort. Methods A 10-year MiLB injury risk study was conducted. Pitchers were evaluated during preseason, and pitches and arm injuries were documented prospectively. Nonmodifiable variables included arm injury history, professional experience, arm dominance, year, and humeral torsion. Modifiable variables included BMI, pitch count, total range of motion, and horizontal adduction. We compared modifiable, nonmodifiable, and combined model performance by R2, calibration (best = 1.00), and discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]; higher number is better). Sensitivity analysis included only arm injuries sustained in the first 90 days. Results In this study, 407 MiLB pitchers (141 arm injuries) were included. Arm injury incidence was 0.27 injuries per 1000 pitches. The arm injury model (calibration 1.05 [0.81–1.30]; AUC: 0.74 [0.69–0.80]) had improved performance compared to only using modifiable predictors (calibration: 0.91 [0.68–1.14]; AUC: 0.67 [0.62–0.73]) and only shoulder range of motion (calibration: 0.52 [0.29, 0.75]; AUC: 0.52 [0.46, 58]). Elbow injury model demonstrated improved performance (calibration: 1.03 [0.76–1.33]; AUC: 0.76 [0.69–0.83]) compared to the shoulder injury model (calibration: 0.46 [0.22–0.69]; AUC: 0.62 [95% CI: 0.55, 0.69]). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated improved model performance compared to the arm injury model. Conclusion Arm injury risk is influenced by modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. The most accurate way to identify professional pitchers who are at risk for arm injury is to use a model that includes modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(9):630–640. Epub: 9 July 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11072
Small ruptured intracranial aneurysms are overrepresented at the anterior and posterior communicating artery: Results of a multiple regression analysis
Authors: Naamansen Anders Blach , Larsen Carl Christian , Johannsson Bjarni , Munthe Sune , Nielsen Troels Halfeld 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Anterior communicating artery (AcomA) represents the most common location for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (rIAs). Approximately 50% of all rIAs are smaller than 7 mm, but factors that lead to rupture are multifactorial. The study investigates whether AcomA location represents an independent risk factor for small size at time of rupture (<7 mm) in a cohort of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) when controlling for known risk factors.

Methods:
The aSAH cohort was retrospectively searched from our institution charts. The cohort was dichotomized into small aneurysms (<7 mm) or large aneurysms (≥7 mm). Risk factors for rupture were identified according to the unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment score (UIATS). These were sex, age, location, smoking, hypertension, alcohol abuse, aneurysm morphology, multiplicity, previous SAH, and family history. With size as independent variable, a multiple regression analysis was performed including UIATS risk factors.

Results:
One-hundred and seventy-six patients were included in the study. About 49.4% of the aneurysms were <7 mm. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that aneurysms located at AcomA and posterior communicating artery (PcomA) was significantly more frequent smaller than 7 mm, compared to middle cerebral artery (P = 0.006), internal carotid artery (other than PcomA) (P = 0.013), and posterior circulation (P = 0.017), when controlling for risk factors.

Conclusion:
Ruptured AcomA and PcomA aneurysms are more frequent smaller than 7 mm compared to other locations. Patients with unruptured UIA at either AcomA or PcomA may be at increased risk of rupture even if the size of the aneurysm is small. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Stroke secondary to leptomeningeal carcinomatosis with radiologic signs of arterial invasion
Authors: Gutiérrez María López , Carrasco-Moro Rodrigo , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , San Millán Juan S. Martínez 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Compared to the general population, cancer patients are more likely to suffer from cerebral ischemia, either caused by the tumor itself or by the treatments applied.

Case Description:
We hereby present the clinical case of a patient treated for lung adenocarcinoma, who, years later, developed a case of the right frontal-temporal-insular ischemia secondary to leptomeningeal spread of the primary neoplasm, with an invasion of the walls of the right-middle cerebral artery and its branches.

Conclusion:
This should be considered an extremely rare form of recurrence of a primary solid tumor with clinical and radiological features that can mimic those of vascular inflammatory entities.
Triple-negative transformation of the endometrium, cervix and mammary gland on the background of immunodeficiency
Authors: Lytvynenko M.V. , Gargin V.V. 
Published: July 2022

Precancerous processes of the female reproductive system continue to be an issue that is being actively studied, despite the successes of recent years. One of the key prognostic factors is the characterization of the receptor set, primarily the mammary gland and endometrium, namely estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) receptors. Purpose – to identify the features of the distribution of estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptors in the tissues of the endometrium, cervix and mammary gland with a combination of HIV infection and alcohol abuse. Fifty women of reproductive age from 20 to 40 years were studied. After routine conduction and immunohistochemical staining, ER and PR expression were determined by a modified D.Allred scale. HER2 expression was determined by a semi-quantitative method. The obtained digital data were statistically processed. A morphometric study indicates that the combination of HIV infection and alcohol abuse significantly affects the distribution of receptors in the female reproductive system. To a greater extent, the overall score is reduced by reducing the number of cellular elements with the expression of ER and PR. HER2 receptor expression is significantly reduced in the endometrium and mammary gland. These changes may be facilitated by atrophic changes in these organs, which occurs in immunodeficiency. According to the D.Allred scale, the mean score decreases from 5.45±0.63 to 3.10±0.88 in the endometrium, from 4.68±0.65 to 2.47±0.58 in the cervix, from 6.57±0.67 to 3.57±0.77 in the mammary gland (p<0.05). HER2 expression decreased from 3.24±0.47 to 2.21±0.23 in the endometrium, from 3.43±0.66 to 2.36±0.32 in the mammary gland (p<0.05). The development of immunodeficiency is characterized by the restructuring of female reproductive organs with a change in the receptor set of the endometrium, cervix and mammary gland and a decrease in both the qualitative and quantitative composition of the receptors, which may serve as a prerequisite for the development of a triple-negative phenomenon in tumors of these organs.
Miniaturas algorítmicas
Authors: Jara López Jesús 
Published: July 2022

Del mismo modo que el compositor Johan Sebastian Bach utilizó las letras de su apellido para crear un motivo musical (en alemán “B” es si bemol, “A” es la, “C” es do y “H” es sí natural), en muchas otras ocasiones las personas que se dedican a crear música han usado conceptos abstractos como herramienta para componer. El uso de la lógica, la matemática, la geometría o el azar, han estado presentes desde siempre en el arte, la artesanía y el folclore.
Representadas en forma de algoritmos, hoy en día también la lógica, la matemática y la probabilidad están presentes en todas las facetas de nuestra vida. Más que nunca, nuestra sociedad globalizada actual delega en algoritmos la toma de muchas decisiones diarias. La cantidad de información que generamos nos obliga a depender de sistemas de computación complejos cuyo funcionamiento, sin embargo, no llegamos a comprender socialmente.
Con estas cinco miniaturas propongo introducirnos en el universo abstracto de los algoritmos para materializarlos en forma de música y lanzarlos al mundo con el objetivo de ayudar a tomar conciencia de esta realidad.
PENGARUH LEARNING JURNAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISTEM REPRODUKSI DI SMAN 5 DEPOK
Authors: Rizkiyah Nur , Mardiyati Sri 
Published: July 2022

Learning jurnal sangatlah diperlukan untuk menentukan kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru atau pendidik sebagai upaya untuk mencapai hasil belajar sistem reproduksi yang diinginkan. Oleh karena itu jika learning jurnal yang digunakan oleh pendidik itu tidak tepat tentunya akan mengakibatkan pada hasil belajar sistem reproduksi yang tidak memuaskan juga, namun sebaliknya jika pendidik menggunakan learning jurnal yang tepat dan baik tentunya akan menghasilkan buah yang baik, Hasil Belajar sistem reproduksi Biologi pada sekolah yang peneliti lakukan, mempunyai hasil belajar sistem reproduksi dengan kategori cukup. Keadaan minat belajar siswa cenderung kurang karena metode yang digunakan oleh gurunya merupakan metode konvensional yang fokus utama dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dikelas ada guru, sehingga peserta didik cenderung merasa bosan dalam belajar dikelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: Untuk menganalisa pengaruh learning jurnal terhadap hasil belajar sistem reproduksi pada pokok bahasan sistem reproduksi siswa SMAN 5 Depok.
Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva secundaria al síndrome de reconstitución inmune
Authors: Gutierrez Alonso , Montenegro-Rosales Alfredo , Eguiluz-Melendez Aldo , Rangel-Frausto Manuel Sigfrido , Torruco-Sotelo Carlos , Lanz-Zubiria Lorena 
Published: July 2022

La leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva (LMP) representa una infección oportunista del sistema nervioso central ocasionada por el virus JC. Esta entidad puede aparecer en diversas patologías en huéspedes inmunosuprimidos, principalmente en pacientes con VIH/SIDA, sin embargo, hasta 3% de los casos pueden presentarse en personas inmunocompetentes. En los casos en los que la enfermedad se presenta en pacientes inmunosuprimidos puede deberse a dos circunstancias; la primera, a la ausencia de tratamiento para la patología primaria, en este caso VIH, y la segunda, como parte de un síndrome de reconstitución inmunológica (SRI) posterior al inicio de la terapia antirretroviral. La importancia fundamental entre estas dos circunstancias es el tratamiento. Mientras que los pacientes que se encuentran sin antirretrovirales se ven beneficiados del inicio de dichos fármacos, los pacientes con SRI se benefician del uso de corticosteroides. El diagnóstico de LMP definitivo es histopatológico, en donde clásicamente se presenta la tríada de desmielinización, astrocitos atípicos y cuerpos de inclusión nucleares en los oligodendrocitos.
Etnologia to wielka pasja, która trwa przez całe życie. Z Profesorem Zygmuntem Kłodnickim rozmawia Agnieszka Pieńczak
Authors: Kłodnicki Zygmunt , Pieńczak Agnieszka , Księżnik Kamilla 
Published: July 2022

Prezentowany wywiad został przeprowadzony 12 lipca 2021 roku w ramach cyklu „Rozmowy z Mistrzami”, z okazji 50-lecia istnienia cieszyńskiej filii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Transkrypcji dokonała Kamilla Księżnik.
Évolution du nombre de passages aux urgences pour intoxications aiguës lors des périodes de confinement de Covid-19 en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Authors: Seydou A. , Hachelaf M. , Thiébaud D. , Barondeau-Leuret A. 
Published: July 2022

Objectif: Estimer l’évolution du nombre de passages aux urgences pour intoxications aiguës (IA) lors des périodes de confinement en 2020 par rapport à l’année précédente.Matériels et méthode: Une étude rétrospective multicentrique de type transversale a été menée en utilisant les données des résumés de passages aux urgences. Deux périodes ont été étudiées en 2020 : période 1 = 1erconfinement et période 2 = 2econfinement et ont été comparées aux mêmes périodes en 2019. Les diagnostics pour IA volontaires ou accidentelles toutes causes ont été définis à partir du code CIM-10. Le critère de jugement principal a été la variation du nombre de passages aux urgences pour IA entre les périodes de confinement en 2020 et les périodes de référence en 2019.Résultats: Comparé à la même période en 2019, le nombre de passages aux urgences pour IA a baissé de 31 % (p = 0,001) pendant le premier confinement et de 18 % (p = 0,07) pendant le deuxième confinement. Le nombre de passages pour IA médicamenteuse a baissé de 3 % (p = 0,035) pendant le deuxième confinement en comparaison à 2019. Les caractéristiques des patients consultant pour IA étaient comparables dans chacune des périodes.Conclusion: Dans cette étude, une diminution du nombre de passages aux urgences pour IA a été observée pendant les périodes de confinement en 2020 par rapport aux mêmes périodes l’année précédente.
Factors affecting ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision: a post hoc analysis of the British Antibiotic and Silver Impregnated Catheter Shunt multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sunderland Geraint J. , Conroy Elizabeth J. , Nelson Alexandra , Gamble Carrol , Jenkinson Michael D. , Griffiths Michael J. , Mallucci Conor L. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
The British Antibiotic and Silver Impregnated Catheter Shunt (BASICS) trial established level I evidence of the superiority of antibiotic-impregnated catheters in the prevention of infection of newly implanted ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs). A wealth of patient, shunt, and surgery-specific data were collected from trial participants beyond that of the prespecified trial objectives.

METHODS
This post hoc analysis of the BASICS survival data explores the impact of patient age, hydrocephalus etiology, catheter type, valve type, and previous external ventricular drain on the risk of infection or mechanical failure. Time to failure was analyzed using Fine and Gray survival regression models for competing risk.

RESULTS
Among 1594 participants, 75 patients underwent revision for infection and 323 for mechanical failure. Multivariable analysis demonstrated an increased risk of shunt infection associated with patient ages < 1 month (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 4.48, 95% CI 2.06–9.72; p < 0.001) and 1 month to < 1 year (sHR 2.67, 95% CI 1.27–5.59; p = 0.009), as well as for adults with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (sHR 2.75, 95% CI 1.21–6.26; p = 0.016). Age ≥ 65 years was found to be independently associated with reduced infection risk (sHR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.69; p = 0.007). Antibiotic-impregnated catheter use was also associated with reduced infection risk (sHR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.84; p = 0.014). Independent risk factors predisposing to mechanical failure were age < 1 month (sHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03–2.21; p = 0.032) and 1 month to < 1 year (sHR 1.31, 95% CI 0.95–1.81; p = 0.046). Age ≥ 65 years was demonstrated to be the only independent protective factor against mechanical failure risk (sHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40–0.94; p = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS
Age is the predominant risk for VPS revision for infection and/or mechanical failure, with neonates and infants being the most vulnerable.
Prediction of hemorrhagic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after direct bypass surgery in adult nonhemorrhagic moyamoya disease: combining quantitative parameters on RAPID perfusion CT with clinically related factors
Authors: Pang Chang Hwan , Lee Si Un , Lee Yongjae , Kim Woong-Beom , Kwon Min-Yong , Sunwoo Leonard , Kim Tackeun , Bang Jae Seung , Kwon O-ki , Oh Chang Wan 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for hemorrhagic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (hCHS) after direct bypass surgery in adult nonhemorrhagic moyamoya disease (non-hMMD) using quantitative parameters on rapid processing of perfusion and diffusion (RAPID) perfusion CT software.

METHODS
A total of 277 hemispheres in 223 patients with non-hMMD who underwent combined bypass were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative volumes of time to maximum (Tmax) > 4 seconds and > 6 seconds were obtained from RAPID analysis of perfusion CT. These quantitative parameters, along with other clinical and angiographic factors, were statistically analyzed to determine the significant predictors for hCHS after bypass surgery.

RESULTS
Intra- or postoperative hCHS occurred in 13 hemispheres (4.7%). In 7 hemispheres, subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred intraoperatively, and in 6 hemispheres, intracerebral hemorrhage was detected postoperatively. All hCHS occurred within the 4 days after bypass. Advanced age (OR 1.096, 95% CI 1.039–1.163, p = 0.001) and a large volume of Tmax > 6 seconds (OR 1.011, 95% CI 1.004–1.018, p = 0.002) were statistically significant factors in predicting the risk of hCHS after surgery. The cutoff values of patient age and volume of Tmax > 6 seconds were 43.5 years old (area under the curve [AUC] 0.761) and 80.5 ml (AUC 0.762), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In adult patients with non-hMMD older than 43.5 years or with a large volume of Tmax > 6 seconds over 80.5 ml, more prudence is required in the decision to undergo bypass surgery and in postoperative management.
Sacrifice or preserve the superior petrosal vein in microvascular decompression surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sattari Shahab Aldin , Shahbandi Ataollah , Xu Risheng , Hung Alice , Feghali James , Yang Wuyang , Lee Ryan P. , Bettegowda Chetan , Huang Judy 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
In microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery through the retrosigmoid approach, the surgeon may have to sacrifice the superior petrosal vein (SPV). However, this is a controversial maneuver. To date, high-level evidence comparing the operative outcomes of patients who underwent MVD with and without SPV sacrifice is lacking. Therefore, this study sought to bridge this gap.

METHODS
The authors searched the Medline and PubMed databases with appropriate Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords. The primary outcome was vascular-related complications; secondary outcomes were new neurological deficit, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and neuralgia relief. The pooled proportions of outcomes and OR (95% CI) for categorical data were calculated by using the logit transformation and Mantel-Haenszel methods, respectively.

RESULTS
Six studies yielding 1143 patients were included, of which 618 patients had their SPV sacrificed. The pooled proportion (95% CI) values were 3.82 (0.87–15.17) for vascular-related complications, 3.64 (1.0–12.42) for new neurological deficits, 2.85 (1.21–6.58) for CSF leaks, and 88.90 (84.90–91.94) for neuralgia relief. The meta-analysis concluded that, whether the surgeon sacrificed or preserved the SPV, the odds were similar for vascular-related complications (2.5% vs 1.5%, OR [95% CI] 1.01 [0.33–3.09], p = 0.99), new neurological deficits (1.2% vs 2.8%, OR [95% CI] 0.55 [0.18–1.66], p = 0.29), CSF leak (3.1% vs 2.1%, OR [95% CI] 1.16 [0.46–2.94], p = 0.75), and neuralgia relief (86.6% vs 87%, OR [95% CI] 0.96 [0.62–1.49], p = 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS
SPV sacrifice is as safe as SPV preservation. The authors recommend intentional SPV sacrifice when gentle retraction fails to enhance surgical field visualization and if the surgeon encounters SPV-related neurovascular conflict and/or anticipates impeding SPV-related bleeding.