bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do social corporate responsibility initiatives help to promote circular economic activity and quality of work life for employees?
Authors: Davies Scott James , Egas José Luis 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe objective of the study is to investigate whether hospitality leaders feel there is a circular economy (CE) created through corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and whether these initiatives improve quality of work life (QWL) for employees. A qualitative, case study approach was adopted which included a set of standardized questions as a discussion tool to explore senior hospitality professionals' perceptions of their companies' CSR initiatives and connection between CSR and QWL.Design/methodology/approachA series of interview questions consisting of seven open-ended questions and four Likert-type scale questions were formulated to explore how the representatives from case study companies implement CSR initiatives in the workplace. The questions were also used to probe the impact of CSR initiatives on QWL for employees and additionally, respondent views on aspects of the CE.FindingsExamines the impact of hospitality and tourism on the environment and also its employee retention challenges. Interviews conducted with three managers reveal awareness of the potential QWL benefits of CSR practices. Findings suggest that successful, on-the-ground practice involves adapting corporate principles for each property.Originality/valueThe article showcases three interviews with senior employees from different properties in different world regions. The aim being to probe, how they approach their CSR strategies and the impact on QoL. While there is much interest in these issues, comparatively little has been published to-date on the relationships between CSR and QoL.
Telmisartan ameliorates LPS‐induced pneumonia in rats through regulation of the PPARγ/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhou Xiuhong , A. Zezi Ma yire , Li Dandan , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPneumonia is a common disorder of the respiratory system associated with inflammation. Telmisartan (TEL) has been reported to treat inflammatory‐related diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the possible role and action mechanism of telmisartan on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pneumonia in rats. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were assigned into four groups ad libitum: a control group received saline only, an experimental group received LPS, a group received telmisartan (5 mg/kg), followed by LPS treatment, and a group received telmisartan (10 mg/kg), followed by LPS treatment. The LPS (2 mg/kg) and equal saline were administered intratracheally. Telmisartan was administered orally 5 days before LPS. After LPS treatment for 24 hr, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were collected for the analysis of cell counts and/or cytokines. Lung tissues were used to perform histological examination, to assess oxidative stress levels, and to determine the levels of PPARγ/NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins. Rats that received LPS treatment exhibited high levels of lung wet/dry ratio, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, BALF polymorphonuclear leukocytes count, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, LPS also resulted in severe interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Interestingly, telmisartan by oral administration markedly ameliorated the adverse effects of pneumonia in rats caused by LPS. In addition, western blotting further revealed that telmisartan could activate PPARγ and repress NF‐κB (p65). Telmisartan is protective against pneumonia through inhibition of the inflammation and oxidative stress via the PPARγ/NF‐κB pathway.
Recent advances in CRISPR‐based systems for the detection of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Shin Jiyong , Miller Michael , Wang Yi‐Cheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere has long been a need for more advanced forms of pathogen detection in the food industry. Though in its infancy, biosensing based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has the potential to solve many problems that cannot be addressed using conventional methods. In this review, we briefly introduce and classify the various CRISPR/Cas protein effectors that have thus far been used in biosensors. We then assess the current state of CRISPR technology in food‐safety contexts; describe how each Cas effector is utilized in foodborne‐pathogen detection; and discuss the limitations of the current technology, as well as how it might usefully be applied in other areas of the food industry. We conclude that, if the limitations of existing CRISPR/Cas‐based detection methods are overcome, they can be deployed on a wide scale and produce a range of positive food‐safety outcomes.
Working towards equity: An example of an emergency department project for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and cultural safety
Authors: Barnes Deborah , Phillips Georgina , Mason Toni , Hutton Jennie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ED at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne aims to provide excellent emergency care and cultural safety for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. High rates of people who ‘Left Not Seen’ and some negative experiences of care led us to improve our performance in this area. Collective desire and strong executive support generated the ED Indigenous Health Equity Working Group (IHEWG) project. This was co‐led by both the ED and the Aboriginal Health Unit (AHU). A strengths‐based participatory methodology and fortnightly virtual meetings were established to generate ideas for short‐ and long‐term reforms. Initial outcomes have included a focus on cultural safety and trauma‐informed care education. Further projects included improving identification processes, creating a welcoming waiting‐room environment and fostering strong relationships between the ED and AHU. We have begun our ED journey towards equity and excellent care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, hoping this collaborative model will enable transformative change.
Chicken liver is a potential reservoir of bacteriophages and phage‐derived particles containing antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Blanco‐Picazo Pedro , Gómez‐Gómez Clara , Aguiló‐Castillo Sergi , Fernández‐Orth Dietmar , Cerdà‐Cuéllar Marta , Muniesa Maite , Rodríguez‐Rubio Lorena 
Published: April 2022

SummaryPoultry meat production is one of the most important agri‐food industries in the world. The selective pressure exerted by widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of antibiotics in intensive chicken farming favours the development of drug resistance in bacterial populations. Chicken liver, closely connected with the intestinal tract, has been directly involved in food‐borne infections and found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including Campylobacter and Salmonella. In this study, 74 chicken livers, divided into sterile and non‐sterile groups, were analysed, not only for microbial indicators but also for the presence of phages and phage particles containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Both bacteria and phages were detected in liver tissues, including those dissected under sterile conditions. The phages were able to infect Escherichia coli and showed a Siphovirus morphology. The chicken livers contained from 103 to 106 phage particles per g, which carried a range of ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTx‐M‐1, sul1, qnrA, armA and tetW) detected by qPCR. The presence of phages in chicken liver, mostly infecting E. coli, was confirmed by metagenomic analysis, although this technique was not sufficiently sensitive to identify ARGs. In addition, ARG‐carrying phages were detected in chicken faeces by qPCR in a previous study of the group. Comparison of the viromes of faeces and liver showed a strong coincidence of species, which suggests that the phages found in the liver originate in faeces. These findings suggests that phages, like bacteria, can translocate from the gut to the liver, which may therefore constitute a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.
Destined to Brexit? British Pathways to Membership in the European Communities 1945–73
Authors: Kaiser Wolfram 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article explores whether and how the United Kingdom was destined to Brexit before it even joined the European Communities in 1973. Drawing on archival sources, media reports and literature about Britain's arduous relationship with ‘Europe’, it argues that four features made the Brexit outcome more likely. They were the accession to the EC as a measure of last resort which prevented the construction of a new sustainable narrative about a brighter future in ‘Europe’; the political elites’ use of the issue of EC membership or further integration for short term party gains; highly exaggerated hopes that membership in and by itself would cure Britain's economic ills or give it a new global leadership role; and a colonial style diplomacy that severely underestimated Britain's growing dependency on its continental European neighbours. In conclusion, the article argues that it nevertheless required the formation of a parochial political elite of little Englanders to achieve the extreme outcome of Brexit.
Development of melanoma clinical quality indicators for the Australian melanoma clinical outcomes registry (MelCOR): A modified Delphi study
Authors: Jobson Dale , Roffey Benjamin , Arnold Christopher , Azzi Anthony , Button‐Sloan Alison , Dawson Tamara , Fernandez‐Penas Pablo , Fishburn Paul , Gyorki David E. , Hiscutt Emma L. , Jakrot Valerie , Lilleyman Alister , Lochhead Alistair , Long Georgina V. , Mailer Sonia , Mann Graham , McCormack Christopher J. , Muir Jim , Pratt George F. , Scolyer Richard A. , Shackelton Mark , Shumack Stephen , Soyer H. Peter , Tan Chin‐Guan , Webb Angela , Zalcberg John , Morton Rachael , Mar Victoria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical quality registries aim to identify significant variations in care and provide anonymised feedback to institutions to improve patient outcomes. Thirty‐six Australian organisations with an interest in melanoma, raised funds through three consecutive Melanoma Marches, organised by Melanoma Institute Australia, to create a national Melanoma Clinical Outcomes Registry (MelCOR). This study aimed to formally develop valid clinical quality indicators for the diagnosis and early management of cutaneous melanoma as an important step in creating the registry.MethodsPotential clinical quality indicators were identified by examining the literature, including Australian and international melanoma guidelines, and by consulting with key melanoma and registry opinion leaders. A modified two‐round Delphi survey method was used, with participants invited from relevant health professions routinely managing melanoma as well as relevant consumer organisations.ResultsNineteen participants completed at least one round of the Delphi process. 12 of 13 proposed clinical quality indictors met the validity criteria. The clinical quality indicators included acceptable biopsy method, appropriate excision margins, standardised pathology reporting, indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy, and involvement of multidisciplinary care and referrals.ConclusionThis study provides a multi‐stakeholder consensus for important clinical quality indicators that define optimal practice that will now be used in the Australian Melanoma Clinical Outcomes Registry (MelCOR).
Real‐life evaluation of molecular multiplex IgE test methods in the diagnosis of pollen associated food allergy
Authors: Diem Luisa , Neuherz Bellinda , Rohrhofer Johanna , Koidl Larissa , Asero Riccardo , Brockow Knut , Diaz Perales Araceli , Faber Margaretha , Gebhardt Julia , Torres María José , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika , Zehetmayer Sonja , Untersmayr Eva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of food allergies is challenging, as combining information from specific IgE (sIgE)‐sensitization pattern and skin prick tests (SPTs) with clinical history is necessary for a personalized management of allergic patients. The aim of this study was to compare two molecular tests, the ImmunoCAP ISAC (ISAC) and the Allergy Explorer, version 2 (ALEX2) in the context of pollen food syndrome (PFS) diagnosis in a real‐life scenario, to assess the benefit of multiplex testing in PFS patients.MethodsDiagnosis of food allergy was performed in 53 patients. Allergen‐sIgE concentrations were measured with ISAC and ALEX2. Results for sIgE were statistically compared with each other, with SPT results and with clinical presentation of the patients.ResultsUsing ISAC as reference test for sIgE measurements, the average sensitivity of ALEX2 for PR‐10 allergens was 83.2% and the average specificity 88.0%. If only low sIgE concentrations were included, the sensitivity was 60.8% and the specificity 91.1%. Apple and hazelnut sensitizations were confirmed in most patients by concordance of sIgE and SPT results. Significant correlations were shown between clinical symptoms and Mal d 1‐ and Gly m 4‐sIgE levels measured by both tests and for Cor a 1‐sIgE levels measured by ALEX2. In eight patients, profilin related symptoms were supported by Hev b 8‐sensitization.ConclusionMultiplex testing is beneficial to understand patient‐specific individual sensitization profiles and to providing personalized management recommendations. In the future, custom‐designed test kits might enable reducing costs of multiplex testing for specific patient groups without compromising the diagnostic value.
Association of testosterone therapy with disease progression in older males with COVID‐19
Authors: Baillargeon Jacques , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Westra Jordan , Lopez David S. , Urban Randall J. , Williams Stephen B. , Raji Mukaila A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImportanceLow testosterone levels in males have been linked with increase in proinflammatory cytokines—a primary culprit in COVID‐19 disease progression—and with adverse COVID‐19 outcomes. To date, however, no published studies have assessed the effect of testosterone therapy on COVID‐19 outcomes in older men.ObjectiveTo examine whether testosterone therapy reduced disease progression in older men diagnosed with COVID‐19.Design, setting, and participantsNested within a national cohort of older (aged ≥50 years) male patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 between January 1, 2020 and July 1, 2021 from the Optum electronic health record COVID‐19 database, two matched case–control studies of COVID‐19 outcomes were conducted. Cases—defined, respectively, as persons who (a) were hospitalized ≤30 days after COVID‐19 diagnosis (n = 33,380), and (b) were admitted to the intensive care unit or received mechanical ventilation during their COVID‐19 hospitalization (n = 10,273)—were matched 1:1 with controls based on demographic and clinical factors.ExposuresTestosterone therapy was defined based on receipt of prescription at ≤60, ≤90, or ≤120 days before COVID‐19 diagnosis.Main outcomes and measuresAdjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of hospitalization within 30 days of COVID‐19 diagnosis and intensive care unit admission/mechanical ventilation during COVID‐19 hospitalization.ResultsThe use of testosterone therapy was not associated with decreased odds of hospitalization (≤60 days: OR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–1.20; ≤90 days: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.68–1.13; ≤120 days: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.72–1.32) or intensive care unit admission/mechanical ventilation (≤60 days: OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.37–1.23; ≤90 days: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.36–0.11; ≤120 days: OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.29–1.19).Conclusions and relevanceThis study showed that testosterone therapy was not associated with decreased risks of COVID‐19 adverse outcomes. These findings may provide clinically relevant information regarding testosterone treatment in older men with COVID‐19 and other respiratory viral infections with similar pathogenesis.
Nekronology: The End of the Future at the Hudson Yards
Authors: Schwartz Scott W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe following offers a novel approach to critiquing and contesting the chronology of colonial capitalism. By examining the spatio‐temporality of The Vessel—the suicidal shrine to neoliberal development in the heart of New York’s Hudson Yards micropolis—this article illuminates heterodox notions of time, death, and economics. Borrowing from Achille Mbembe’s necropolitics, I develop this “nekronology” to illustrate how the future is pillaging the present. I argue that architectural abstractions like The Vessel colonise the present from the future, taunting the present with the excess wealth derived from perpetual economic growth. Developments such as the Hudson Yards and neighbouring High Line exemplify this wealth pollution—the unhealthy disposal of excess wealth in public places. I then investigate the nekronology of current trends in postcolonial apocalypse and auto‐homicide. Finally, I examine the aesthetics of nekronological time wealth via an analysis of dystopian sci‐fi films and the temporally emancipating art of Black Quantum Futurism.
Associations of preterm birth, small‐for‐gestational age, preeclampsia and placental abruption with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring: Nationwide cohort and sibling‐controlled studies
Authors: Beer Rachael J. , Cnattingius Sven , Susser Ezra S. , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate preterm birth, small‐for‐gestational age (SGA), preeclampsia and placental abruption in relation to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study among non‐malformed live‐born singleton children in Sweden born during 2002–2014. Using national registries with recorded information, we followed 1,212,201 children for an ADHD diagnosis from 3 to 15 years. We compared ADHD rates between exposure categories using adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from Cox proportional hazards models. We also conducted sibling‐controlled analyses among 751,464 full siblings.ResultsThere were 27,665 ADHD diagnoses in the cohort. Compared with term birth (≥37 weeks), adjusted HR (95% CI) for ADHD increased with decreasing gestational age: 1.18 (1.11, 1.25), 1.61 (1.37, 1.89) and 2.79 (2.23, 3.49) for 32–36 weeks, 28–31 weeks and 22–27 weeks. Both spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth were associated with ADHD. SGA was related to 1.62 (1.49, 1.77) times higher ADHD incidence. Preeclampsia, but not placental abruption, was associated with ADHD. Sibling‐controlled analyses showed similar results. Preterm birth did not fully explain the associations of SGA or preeclampsia with ADHD.ConclusionPreterm birth, SGA and preeclampsia are related to ADHD incidence in offspring.
Longitudinal monitoring of STAT3 phosphorylation and histologic outcome of tofacitinib therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Verstockt Bram , Volk Valery , Jaeckel Charlot , Alsoud Dahham , Sabino João , Nikolaus Susanna , Outtier An , Krönke Nicole , Feuerhake Friedrich , De Hertogh Gert , Rosenstiel Philip , Vermeire Séverine , Schreiber Stefan , Ferrante Marc , Aden Konrad 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundTofacitinib is the first in class, pan‐JAK inhibitor approved for ulcerative colitis (UC). Clinical efficacy has been shown, but long‐term real‐life endoscopic and histologic data are lacking. Aim: To investigate the effects of tofacitinib in patients with refractory UC focussing on endoscopic, histologic and molecular outcomes, including STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3) detection in the spatial context of mucosal inflammationMethodsWe prospectively monitored 59 highly refractory patients (96.7% anti‐TNF exposure, 91.7% vedolizumab exposure) initiating tofacitinib at two IBD referral centres and assessed outcome at the end of induction and after 48 weeks of therapy. Endoscopic improvement was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1, endoscopic and histologic remission as Mayo endoscopic subscore 0 and Nancy histologic score 0. Multiplex immunohistochemistry with multispectral imaging was used to assess pSTAT3.ResultsEndoscopic improvement was achieved by 24.4% and 30.5% of patients at weeks 8 and 48, respectively. Endoscopic and histologic remission rates were 11.1%, 23.7 and 16.7%, 21.4%, respectively. Endoscopic improvement at week 8 was significantly associated with treatment continuation in the long‐term (72.7% vs 20.6%, p = 0.003). Although we observed a gradual decrease of mucosal pSTAT3 levels in both remitters and non‐remitters (p < 0.05), no association with treatment outcome could be demonstrated. However, lamina propria pSTAT3 was significantly associated with the Nancy Histologic index (p = 0.004).ConclusionTofacitinib can induce and maintain endoscopic and histologic remission in up to one‐quarter of highly refractory UC patients. Longitudinal monitoring of nuclear pSTAT3 in mucosal tissue compartments reflects distinctive on‐target effects, independently of long‐term treatment outcomes.
The role of civil society in the Lower Mekong Region in environmental decision‐making: Water management and forestry issues
Authors: Rachinsky‐Spivakov Yulia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Lower Mekong Region has faced unprecedented environmental challenges in the last five years: severe drought and deforestation have had widespread implications for the livelihood of the local communities. Scholars have noted an increasing level of regional civil society engagement with governments regarding environmental issues. However, this trend may be misleading, because it varies depending on the matter in question. Using the citizen participation ladder model and related theoretical discourse, this article compares the scope of public participation in regional decision‐making in water management and forestry. By analyzing policy documents and semi‐structured interviews, it concludes that unlike public involvement in water management, which is limited to the lower rungs of the participation ladder, there is more meaningful public engagement in policy‐making on forestry‐related issues. This type of analysis enables the identification and potentially redressal of lacunae in public participation in the Lower Mekong Region.