bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ablation Rates of Organic Compounds in Cosmic Dust and Resulting Changes in Mechanical Properties During Atmospheric Entry
Authors: Bones David L. , Carrillo Sánchez Juan Diego , Connell Simon D. A. , Kulak Alexander N. , Mann Graham W. , Plane John M. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new experimental system is described for studying the pyrolysis of the refractory organic constituents in cosmic dust during atmospheric entry. The pyrolysis kinetics of meteoritic fragments (CM2 and CV3 carbonaceous chondrites, radius = 36–100 μm) were measured by mass spectrometric detection of CO2 and SO2 at temperatures between 625 and 1300 K, with most carbon being lost between 700 and 800 K. The complex time‐resolved kinetic behavior is consistent with two organic components—one significantly more refractory than the other, which probably correspond to the insoluble and soluble organic fractions, respectively. The measured temperature‐dependent pyrolysis rates were then incorporated into the Leeds Chemical Ablation Model, which demonstrates that organic pyrolysis should be detectable using a high performance/large aperture radar. Atomic force microscopy was used to show that although the residual meteoritic particles became more brittle after organic pyrolysis, they also became slightly harder, withstanding stresses that are at least three orders of magnitude higher than would be encountered during atmospheric entry. This suggests that most cosmic dust particles (radius <100 μm) will not fragment during entry into the atmosphere as a result of organic pyrolysis, although a subset of slow‐moving, low density particles mostly from Jupiter‐family comets could fragment.
Electron Densities in the Ionosphere of Mars: Comparison of MAVEN/ROSE and MAVEN/LPW Measurements
Authors: Felici M. , Withers P. , Vogt M. F. , Hensley K. G. , Andersson L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeveral different instrument types have been widely used to measure the density of plasma in solar system ionospheres. However, limitations in spatial and temporal coverage have prevented efforts to directly compare electron density measured by different kinds of instrument in order to assess whether systematic errors exist in such measurements. Here, we exploit the excellent observational coverage provided at Mars by the MAVEN spacecraft to compare numerous electron density measurements from two instruments, the Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE, a remote sensing investigation) and Langmuir Probe and Waves (LPW, an in situ instrument). For dusk local times, we find that systematic contrasts between ROSE and LPW electron density measurements are less than 4 × 103 cm−3. As this limit is only modestly greater than the intrinsic measurement uncertainty on ROSE electron density observations, we conclude that any systematic error present in either data set is smaller than the instrumental accuracies. Differences are larger, between 8 × 103 and 1.2 × 104 cm−3, at dawn local times. From the differences, ratios, and percentage difference between the ROSE and LPW densities, we postulate that electron densities are more variable in the dawn ionosphere than in the dusk ionosphere.
Monotonic Increase of Extreme Precipitation Intensity With Temperature When Controlled for Saturation Deficit
Authors: Wang Guiling , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPast studies based on univariate scaling analyses at the weather time scale documented a negative scaling of extreme precipitation intensity (EPI), which prevents EPI extrapolation from past climate. Here we present a bivariate scaling analysis and show that, contrary to the univariate scaling results, EPI monotonically increases with temperature and shows no negative scaling when controlled for saturation deficit. The observed EPI‐temperature relationship in saturated atmosphere is surprisingly similar among different regions and closely follows the Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling; climate models produce greater regional dependence of the scaling relationship with a wide range of scaling rate. For extratropical regions, the model‐simulated EPI‐temperature relationship under saturation shows a past‐to‐future continuity, which could potentially support extrapolation to a warmer climate. The scaling at saturation bridges the EPI‐temperature relationship between weather and climate time scales and may enable potential prediction of future precipitation extremes via extrapolation from past observations.
Serendipitous Internal Wave Signals in Deep Argo Data
Authors: Johnson Gregory C. , Whalen Caitlin B. , Purkey Sarah G. , Zilberman Nathalie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSerendipitous measurements of deep internal wave signatures are evident in oscillatory variations around the background descent rates reported by one model of Deep Argo float. For the 10,045 profiles analyzed here, the average root‐mean‐square of vertical velocity variances, , from 1,000 m to the seafloor, is 0.0045 m s−1, with a 5%–95% range of 0.0028–0.0067 m s−1. Dominant vertical wavelengths, λz, estimated from the integrals of lagged autocorrelation sequences have an average value of 757 m, with a 5%–95% range of 493–1,108 m. Both and λz exhibit regional variations among and within some deep ocean basins, with generally larger and shorter λz in regions of rougher bathymetry or stronger deep currents. These correlations are both expected, since larger and shorter λz should be found near internal wave generation regions.
Weight-based discrimination in financial reward and punishment decision making: causal evidence using a novel experimental paradigm
Authors: Jones Andrew , Hardman Charlotte A. , Devlin Niamh , Pennington Charlotte R. , Robinson Eric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCross-sectional research has demonstrated weight-related stigma and discrimination, however experimental research providing causal evidence of financial-based weight discrimination is lacking. The aim of these preregistered experiments was to examine whether a novel paradigm in which participants attributed financial rewards and punishments could be used to detect weight bias.Subjects/MethodsOne-hundred and twenty-one individuals participated in experiment 1 and one-hundred and sixty-six individuals participated in experiment 2. Both studies were conducted online, and participants were provided with biographies of hypothetical individuals in which weight-status was manipulated (normal weight vs. overweight/obesity) before being asked to provide rewards and punishments on their cognitive performance. In experiment 1 (within-participants design) participants observed one individual they believed to be normal weight and one individual they believed to be overweight/have obesity. In experiment 2 (between-participants design) participants observed one individual whilst also being provided with information about food addiction (Food addiction is real + individual with overweight/obesity vs. food addiction is a myth + individual with overweight/obesity vs control + individual with normal weight).ResultsIn experiment 1, participants punished individuals who were described as having overweight/obesity to a greater extent to individuals who were normal weight (Hedge’sg = −0.21 [95% CI: −0.02 to −0.41],p = 0.026), but there was no effect on rewards. They were also less likely to recommend individuals with overweight/obesity to pass the tasks (X2(1) = 10.05,p = 0.002). In experiment 2, participants rewarded individuals whom they believed were overweight/obese to a lesser extent than normal-weight individuals(g = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.16 to 0.83]. There was no effect on punishment, nor any impact of information regarding food addiction as real vs a myth.ConclusionUsing a novel discrimination task, these two experiments demonstrate causal evidence of weight-based discrimination in financial decision making.
Trefoil factor 3 promotes pancreatic carcinoma progression via WNT pathway activation mediated by enhanced WNT ligand expression
Authors: Cheng Feifei , Wang Xuejuan , Chiou Yi-Shiou , He Chuyu , Guo Hui , Tan Yan Qin , Basappa Basappa , Zhu Tao , Pandey Vijay , Lobie Peter E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality with a dismal prognosis that has changed little over the past few decades. Further understanding of the molecular pathology of PDAC progression is urgently required in order to improve the prognosis of patients with PDAC. Herein, it was observed that trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression was elevated in PDAC, and was positively correlated with a worse overall patient survival outcome. Forced expression of TFF3 promoted oncogenic functions of PDAC cells in vitro including cell proliferation, survival, foci formation, cancer stem cell-like behavior and invasion, ex vivo colony growth in 3D-Matrigel, and xenograft growth in vivo. Depletion or pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 inhibited these same processes. RNA-Seq analysis and subsequent mechanistic analyses demonstrated that TFF3 increased the expression of various WNT ligands to mediate WNT pathway activation required for TFF3-stimulated PDAC progression. Combined pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 and WNT signaling significantly attenuated PDAC xenograft growth and potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in both ex vivo and in vivo models. Hence, a mechanistic basis for combined inhibition of pathways enhancing PDAC progression is provided and suggests that inhibition of TFF3 may assist to ameliorate outcomes in PDAC.
RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis activates autophagy and inhibits cell proliferation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Qin Yuan , Sun Wei , Wang Zhihong , Dong Wenwu , He Liang , Zhang Ting , Lv Chengzhou , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main type of thyroid carcinoma. Despite the good prognosis, some PTC patients may deteriorate into more aggressive diseases, leading to poor survival. Molecular technology has been increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we identified that RNA Binding Motif Protein 47 (RBM47) was downregulated in PTC tissues and cells, and overexpression of RBM47 could activate autophagy and inhibit proliferation in PTC cells. RBM47 promotes but can not bind directly to Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3). FOXO3 activates Autophagy Related Gene 3 (ATG3), ATG5, and RBM47 to form a loop and promote autophagy. RBM47 can bind directly to and stabilized lncRNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 5 (SNHG5) to inhibit PTC cells proliferation and activate autophagy in vitro and in vivo. SNHG5 inhibits ubiquitination and degradation of FOXO3 by recruiting Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 21 (USP21), then promotes the translocation of FOXO3 from cytoplasm to nucleus. Our study revealed the regulatory mechanism of RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis on cell proliferation and autophagy in PTC, which may provide valuable insight for the treatment of PTC.
CAMTA1–PPP3CA–NFATc4 multi-protein complex mediates the resistance of colorectal cancer to oxaliplatin
Authors: Pan Ruijun , Zhang Zhou , Jia Hongtao , Ma Junjun , Wu Chao , Xue Pei , Cai Wei , Zhang Xiaoping , Sun Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer is a major contributor to the worldwide prevalence of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis and chemoresistance are the two main causes for colorectal cancer treatment failure, and thus, high mortality. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) is involved in tumor growth and development, but its mechanisms of action in the development of colorectal cancer and chemoresistance are poorly understood. Here, we report that Camta1 is a tumor suppressor. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting analyses of normal and colorectal cancer tissues showed a significantly low expression of Camta1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues, when compared to adjacent normal tissues. In functional in vitro experiments, we observed that Camta1 overexpression significantly decreased the proliferation and invasion capacity of SW620 and SW480 cells, whereas Camta1 knockdown displayed a significant increase in the proliferative and invasive ability of these cells. Subsequently, we examined the effects of Camta1 overexpression and knockdown on the resistance of colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin, a common chemotherapeutic drug. Interestingly, the sensitivity of Camta1-overexpressed cells to oxaliplatin was increased, whereas that of Camta1-silenced cells to the same chemotherapeutic drug was decreased. Furthermore, Camta1 knockdown upregulated nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 4 (Nfatc4) mRNA, and protein levels in colorectal cancer cells and downregulated the phosphorylated NFATc4 level. By contrast, Nfatc4 knockdown reversed the resistance of colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin caused by Camta1 knockdown. In addition, we show that protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP3CA) is essential for the expression and phosphorylation of NFATc4 caused by Camta1 knockdown, as well as the proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells. We show that PPP3CA and CAMTA1 competitively bind to NFATc4, and Camta1 knockdown promotes the dephosphorylation of PPP3CA and suppresses the phosphorylation of NFATc4. To verify the role of CAMTA1 in oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer, we established a xenograft mouse model and show agreement between in vitro and in vivo results.
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 C (UBE2C) may play a dual role involved in the progression of thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Cheng , Yan Hai-chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the role of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C (UBE2C) in the progress of thyroid carcinoma (THCA). We firstly explored the prognostic impact and expression level of UBE2C in THCA. Then, we performed the UBE2C knockdown and evaluated the effects on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of THCA cells, as well as resistance to sorafenib. Finally, we predicted the possible pathways and explored the correlation between UBE2C with immune infiltrates. The results showed that high expression of UBE2C independently predicted a shorter disease-free survival time of THCA patients. And UBE2C also presented a better prognostic performance on the survival probability of patients. Expression analysis showed that UBE2C was statistically upregulated in THCA tissue compared with normal tissue. After UBE2C knockdown, the proliferation of THCA cells was inhibited and apoptosis was increased. These results indicated that UBE2C acted as an oncogene in THCA. However, the migration and invasion of THCA cells with UBE2C knockdown were enhanced, and the expressions of migration-related proteins were upregulated. In addition, UBE2C knockdown increased the resistance of THCA cells to sorafenib. These results implied the potential of UBE2C as a suppressor gene in THCA. The pathway analysis further predicted that metabolism-related pathways were activated in the UBE2C low expression class, and cell growth and immune-related pathways were focused on the UBE2C high expression class. Finally, we observed a significant positive relationship between UBE2C and several immune infiltrates in THCA. It followed that UBE2C high expression might play a vital role in THCA to some extent. This study revealed that UBE2C participated in the progression of THCA and may play the dual role of both oncogene and tumor suppressor gene. The detailed mechanism needed to be further investigated.
Iris melanocytic tumours in New Zealand/Aotearoa: presentation, management and outcome in a high UV exposure environment
Authors: Rapata Micah E. J. , Zhang Jie , Cunningham William J. , Hadden Peter W. , Patel Dipika V. , McGhee Charles N. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIris melanoma, a rare intraocular malignancy, represents the smallest subgroup of uveal melanoma. This first, comprehensive study of iris melanocytic lesions in the high ultraviolet environment in New Zealand/ Aotearoa (NZ) examines diagnosis, management and outcomes.Subjects/MethodsRetrospective study of iris melanocytic tumours referred to tertiary referral centres in Auckland, NZ, over 20 years (1999-2018). Data analysed include demographics, tumour characteristics, histology, genetic analyses, treatment modalities, recurrence, metastasis, 5-year and overall survival.ResultsCohort (N = 51) was predominantly NZ European (98.0%) with no indigenous Māori, or Pasifika. Median age at presentation was 58 years. Tumours involved a median of two clock hours of iris. The posterior tumour margin extended to the anterior chamber angle in 22 patients (45.8%). Management included initial observation 54.9%, iridectomy/excision biopsy 29.4%, irido-cyclectomy 7.8%, plaque radiotherapy 7.8%, proton beam radiotherapy 7.8%, and ultimately enucleation 17.6%. Histology was performed in 19 cases (37%) with 16 confirmed melanomas (84%). Mean follow-up 4.2 years with median visual acuity of 6/7.5 two years post intervention. Melanoma-related metastasis and mortality occurred in two cases with five-year melanoma-related mortality of 2.0%.ConclusionIn a climate with high ultraviolet exposure iris melanocytic tumours occurred almost exclusively in NZ Europeans, however, the majority of cases were category T1, possibly reflecting early diagnosis in the NZ health system. Nonetheless, >50% underwent surgery or radiotherapy, often utilising more than one modality. A high index of suspicion and early referral of iris melanocytic lesions should be considered in regions with high UV exposure.
Clueless/CLUH regulates mitochondrial fission by promoting recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondria
Authors: Yang Huan , Sibilla Caroline , Liu Raymond , Yun Jina , Hay Bruce A. , Blackstone Craig , Chan David C. , Harvey Robert J. , Guo Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondrial fission is critically important for controlling mitochondrial morphology, function, quality and transport. Drp1 is the master regulator driving mitochondrial fission, but exactly how Drp1 is regulated remains unclear. Here, we identifiedDrosophilaClueless and its mammalian orthologue CLUH as key regulators of Drp1. As with loss ofdrp1, depletion ofcluelessorCLUHresults in mitochondrial elongation, while as withdrp1overexpression,cluelessorCLUHoverexpression leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly,drp1overexpression rescues adult lethality, tissue disintegration and mitochondrial defects ofcluelessnull mutants inDrosophila. Mechanistically, Clueless and CLUH promote recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondria from the cytosol. This involves CLUH binding to mRNAs encoding Drp1 receptors MiD49 and Mff, and regulation of their translation. Our findings identify a crucial role of Clueless and CLUH in controlling mitochondrial fission through regulation of Drp1.
Biosynthesizing structurally diverse diols via a general route combining oxidative and reductive formations of OH-groups
Authors: Liu Yongfei , Wang Wei , Zeng An-Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiols encompass important bulk and fine chemicals for the chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. During the past decades, biological production of C3-C5 diols from renewable feedstocks has received great interest. Here, we elaborate a general principle for effectively synthesizing structurally diverse diols by expanding amino acid metabolism. Specifically, we propose to combine oxidative and reductive formations of hydroxyl groups from amino acids in a thermodynamically favorable order of four reactions catalyzed by amino acid hydroxylase, L-amino acid deaminase, α-keto acid decarboxylase and aldehyde reductase consecutively. The oxidative formation of hydroxyl group from an alkyl group is energetically more attractive than the reductive pathway, which is exclusively used in the synthetic pathways of diols reported so far. We demonstrate this general route for microbial production of branched-chain diols in E. coli. Ten C3-C5 diols are synthesized. Six of them, namely isopentyldiol (IPDO), 2-methyl-1,3-butanediol (2-M-1,3-BDO), 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol (2-M-1,4-BDO), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (MPO), 2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (2-E-1,3-PDO), 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PTD), have not been biologically synthesized before. This work opens up opportunities for synthesizing structurally diverse diols and triols, especially by genome mining, rational design or directed evolution of proper enzymes.
Global impacts of future urban expansion on terrestrial vertebrate diversity
Authors: Li Guangdong , Fang Chuanglin , Li Yingjie , Wang Zhenbo , Sun Siao , He Sanwei , Qi Wei , Bao Chao , Ma Haitao , Fan Yupeng , Feng Yuxue , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid urban expansion has profound impacts on global biodiversity through habitat conversion, degradation, fragmentation, and species extinction. However, how future urban expansion will affect global biodiversity needs to be better understood. We contribute to filling this knowledge gap by combining spatially explicit projections of urban expansion under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) with datasets on habitat and terrestrial biodiversity (amphibians, mammals, and birds). Overall, future urban expansion will lead to 11–33 million hectares of natural habitat loss by 2100 under the SSP scenarios and will disproportionately cause large natural habitat fragmentation. The urban expansion within the current key biodiversity priority areas is projected to be higher (e.g., 37–44% higher in the WWF’s Global 200) than the global average. Moreover, the urban land conversion will reduce local within-site species richness by 34% and species abundance by 52% per 1 km grid cell, and 7–9 species may be lost per 10 km cell. Our study suggests an urgent need to develop a sustainable urban development pathway to balance urban expansion and biodiversity conservation.
Scale-invariant machine-learning model accelerates the discovery of quaternary chalcogenides with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Pal Koushik , Park Cheol Woo , Xia Yi , Shen Jiahong , Wolverton Chris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe design an advanced machine-learning (ML) model based on crystal graph convolutional neural network that is insensitive to volumes (i.e., scale) of the input crystal structures to discover novel quaternary chalcogenides, AMM′Q3 (A/M/M' = alkali, alkaline earth, post-transition metals, lanthanides, and Q = chalcogens). These compounds are shown to possess ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κl), a desired requirement for thermal-barrier coatings and thermoelectrics. Upon screening the thermodynamic stability of ~1 million compounds using the ML model iteratively and performing density-functional theory (DFT) calculations for a small fraction of compounds, we discover 99 compounds that are validated to be stable in DFT. Taking several DFT-stable compounds, we calculate their κl using Peierls–Boltzmann transport equation, which reveals ultralow κl (<2 Wm−1K−1 at room temperature) due to their soft elasticity and strong phonon anharmonicity. Our work demonstrates the high efficiency of scale-invariant ML model in predicting novel compounds and presents experimental-research opportunities with these new compounds.
Flexible Miniaturized Sensor Technologies for Long-Term Physiological Monitoring
Authors: He Rongyan , Liu Hao , Niu Yan , Zhang Huiqing , Genin Guy M. , Xu Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhysiological monitoring can provide detailed information about health conditions, and therefore presents great potentials for personalized healthcare. Flexible miniaturized sensors (FMS) for physiological monitoring have garnered significant attention because of their wide applications in collecting health-related information, evaluating and managing the state of human wellness in long term. In this review, we focus on the time scale of human physiological monitoring, the needs and advances in miniaturized technologies for long-term monitoring in typical applications. We also discuss the rational sample sources of FMS to select proper strategies for specific monitoring cases. Further, existing challenges and promising prospects are also presented.