bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination And Environmental Risk Assessment Of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants In Sediments Of The South China Sea
Authors: Pan Xin , Liu Aifeng , Zheng Minggang , Liu Jianxin , Du Ming , Wang Ling 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As ubiquitous contaminants in environment, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) would eventually settle in marine sediment. In this study, concentrations, spatial distributions, and ecological risks of seven OPFRs in sediment samples of the South China Sea (SCS) were investigated for the first time. Total concentration of all OPFRs ranged from 2.5 to 32.3 ng/g dry weight (dw), in which the abundance of tri-cresyl phosphates (TCPs) was the highest. OPFRs in the SCS was at a medium level compared with those from other parts of the world. The nearshore ocean current, ship transportation and riverine inputs might influence the spatial distributions of OPFRs. The total inventory of six OPFRs in sediment was estimated to be 202.8 tons (16.7×104 km2). Hazard Quotient (HQ) of OPFRs ranged from 0 to 3.2E-02, indicating ignorable ecological risk of OPFRs in sediments of the SCS. This study provides insight for the occurrence of current-use OPFRs in the SCS which deserved long-term concern in future due to their continuous terrigenous inputs.
Geographical disparities in adult obesity prevalence: small-area analysis of the Chilean National Health Surveys
Authors: Urquidi Cinthya , Sepulveda-Peñaloza Alejandro , Cumsille Francisco , Garrido Marcela , Matus Patricia , Vera German 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPrevious representative health surveys conducted in Chile evidenced a high obesity prevalence rate among adults, especially in female and urban areas. Nevertheless, these have limited utility for targeted interventions and local source allocation for prevention. This study analyzes the increments in adult obesity prevalence rates and the geographic variation at the regional level. We also assessed whether the obesity rates have different patterns on a smaller geographic level than national and regional ones.MethodsThis ecological study analyzed data from two representative national samples of adults ≥18 years old, who participated in the last Chilean health surveys, 2009 (n=5,412) and 2016 (n=6,233). Obesity (body mass index≥30 Kg/m2) rates were calculated on the national, regional, and Health Service (HS) levels, being HS the smallest unit of analysis available. Obesity rates and relative increase to early identify target populations and geographic areas, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were calculated using the sampling design of the national surveys, at the national and regional level, and by gender, age groups, and socioeconomic status. The Fay-Herriot (FH) models, using auxiliary data, were fitted for obesity rates estimates at the HS level.ResultsThe relative increase of obesity rate was 37.1% (95%CI 23.3-52.9) at the national level, with a heterogeneous geographic distribution at the regional one. Southern Regions had the highest obesity rates in both surveys (Aysén: 35.2%, 95%CI 26.9-43.5 in 2009, 44.3% 95%CI 37-51.7 in 2016), but higher increases were predominantly in the northern and central areas of the country (relative increase 91.1% 95%CI 39.6-110.1 in Valparaiso and 81.6 95%CI 14.4-196.2 in Tarapacá). Obesity rates were higher in females, older age, and lower socioeconomic groups; nevertheless, relative increases were higher in the opposite ones. The Fay-Herriot estimates showed an obesity rates variation at the HS level, where higher rates tend to converge to specific HS areas of each Region.ConclusionAdult obesity rates and relative increase are diverse across subnational levels and substantially differ from the national estimates, highlighting a pattern that converges to areas with medium-low-income households. Our results emphasize geographical disparities in obesity prevalence among adults.
Identifying Australian Policy Makers’ Perceptions of eHealth Interventions for Smoking Cessation: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Subahe Alaa , Baker Philip , Carroll Julie-Anne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The increasing volume of research on electronic health (eHealth) smoking cessation interventions presents a challenge for policymakers and service providers when they try to decide which strategies to select for health promotion programs. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Australian policymakers and service providers regarding the effectiveness and quality of eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation against the evidence in a recent systematic review. Methods: This cross-sectional study invited 38 Australian public health policymakers and service providers in smoking cessation to participate in an online survey assessing their knowledge of the current available evidence-base. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the results of the survey against the published review. Results: Eighteen participants completed the survey. Comparison identified that the majority of participants failed to correctly identify the effects and the quality of the evidence of popular smoking cessation interventions. They lacked knowledge of the usefulness and quality of some eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation. Conclusions: The finding of this study indicates that the prior perceptions and beliefs held by Australian policymakers and service providers about the effects of eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation are significantly detached enough from the evidence-base to affect the provision of effective interventions to smokers who want to quit. This has potentially widespread implications for improving health promotion andcommunication between policymakers, service providers, and the current smokingpopulation.
A Novel Treatment for Proximal Clavicle Fracture Combined With Sternoclavicular Dislocation
Authors: Zhang Yadi , Xing Baorui , Hou Xiuxiu , Li Yunmei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of sternoclavicular hook plate and anterior sternoclavicular ligament repair in proximal clavicle fractures.Methods: Between October 2016 and December 2020, a total 16 patients (9 male and 7 female patient, with a mean age of (42.25±10.24) years (range,25-56 years) with unstable proximal clavicle fractures (Throckmorton, type D) were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate, and anterior sternoclavicular ligament repair. Affected side, cause of the injuries, dislocation type, associated injuries, interval between injury and surgery, and duration of follow-up were recorded. The outcomes were evaluated with radiographic assessment, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons’ Form(ASES). All the patients were evaluated on postoperative 3rd, 6th, and 12th months.Results: According to the ASES scoring system, the average score was 49.50±3.76 (preoperative score),86.94±5.09 (3 months follow-up), 88.32±3.07 (6 months follow-up) and91.00±2.92 (12 months follow-up).Statistics differences was showed between preoperative and 3,6,12 months follow-up score of ASES SCJ score (p < 0.05).The postoperative physical function was better than the preoperative function.Conclusion: Fixation using a sternoclavicular hook plate combined with repair of the ligament and capsule isrelatively easy to do; it provides micromotion, which is beneficial for the movement of the shoulder girdle. Our study indicates that open reduction and sternoclavicular hook plate fixation for the treatment of traumatic sternoclavicul-ar joint dislocations or fracture is a safe, relatively straightforward surgical procedure that can lead to satisfactory outcomes.
Incidental Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic-Like Memory in Rats: A Novel Behavioral Task
Authors: Radostova Dominika , Kuncicka Daniela , Krajcovic Branislav , Hejtmanek Lukas , Petrasek Tomas , Svoboda Jan , Stuchlik Ales , Brozka Hana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is a pressing need for an ecologically relevant behavioral task that would enable the study of elementary aspects of episodic memory. In everyday life, episodic memories are acquired incidentally in a single-encounter fashion and are composed of sub-events separated by time gaps. We designed a behavioral task called One-Trial Trace Escape Reaction (OTTER), in which rats incidentally associated two temporally discontinuous stimuli. In OTTER, rats associate a neutral acoustic cue (conditioned stimulus, CS) with an aversive stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US) which occurs two seconds later: we call this sequence CS-2s-US. In the first few sessions, rats are habituated to two similar environmental contexts (A and B); each context consists of interconnected dark and light sub-areas. Next, in the pairing session, rats experience CS-2s-US in the dark sub-area of one of the environmental contexts (either A or B). The US is terminated immediately after a rat escapes into the light sub-area. During the recall session 24 hours later, rats are presented with only the CS in the alternate environmental context (B or A) and their behavioral response is observed. Our results show that 50% of handled rats and 14% of non-handled rats responded to the CS by escaping to the light sub-area although they experienced only a single CS-2s-US pairing. The capacity to acquire a CS-2s-US association in a single CS-2s-US pairing indicates that rodents are able to form incidental temporal associations. The OTTER behavioral task offers a flexible high throughput tool to study memories acquired incidentally after a single experience.
The complete chloroplast genomes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) from different regions of China: Molecular structure, comparative analysis and development of DNA barcodes for its geographical origin discrimination
Authors: Dong Shujie , Zhou Manjia , Zhu Jinxing , Wang Qirui , Ge Yuqing , Cheng Rubin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant widely distributed in the subtropical areas of China. It belongs to the Cayratieae tribe, family Vitaceae, and exhibited significant anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. However, obvious differences were observed on the quality of T. hemsleyanum root from different regions, requiring the discrimination strategy for the geographical origins. Result This study characterized five complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of T. hemsleynum samples from different regions, and conducted a comparative analysis with other representing species from family Vitaceae to reveal the structural variations, informative markers and phylogenetic relationships. The sequenced cp genomes of T. hemsleyanum exhibited a conserved quadripartite structure with full length ranging from 160,124 bp of Jiangxi Province to 160,618 bp of Zhejiang Province. We identified 112 unique genes (80 protein-coding, 28 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes) in the cp genomes of T. hemsleyanum with highly similar gene order, content and structure. The IR contraction/expansion events occurred on the junctions of ycf1, rps19 and rpl2 genes with different degrees, causing the differences of genome sizes in T. hemsleyanum and Vitaceae plants. The number of SSR markers discovered in T. hemsleyanum was 56-57, exhibiting multiple differences among the five geographic groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on conserved cp genome proteins strongly grouped the five T. hemsleyanum species into one clade, showing a sister relationship with T. planicaule. Comparative analysis of the cp genomes from T. hemsleyanum and Vitaceae revealed five highly variable spacers, including 4 intergenic regions and one protein-coding gene (ycf1). Furthermore, five mutational hotspots were observed among T. hemsleyanum cp genomes from different regions, providing data for designing DNA barcodes trnL and trnN. The combination of molecular markers of trnL and trnN clustered the T. hemsleyanum samples from different regions into three groups, thus successfully separating specimens of Sichuan and Zhejiang from other areas. Conclusion Our study obtained the chloroplast genomes of T. hemsleyanum from different regions, and provided a potential molecular tracing tool for determining the geographical origins of T. hemsleyanum, as well as important insights into the molecular identification approach and and phylogeny in Tetrastigma genus and Vitaceae family.
The Remanufacturing Process and Performance of ZM6 Alloy Gearbox by Laser Cladding
Authors: Ren Weibin , Ruiyu Wu , Peng Wu , Yujiang Wang , Yuzhong Ren , Yaping Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In view the fact that the excessive element burning, the powder deflagration and the loose structure of the ZM6 alloy gearbox through laser cladding process, the process and method of homogeneous alloy coating prepared by laser cladding under ultra-low oxygen content was proposed, the good microstructure and mechanical properties of the remanufactured part were verified. The experiment results show that, there are no internal defects such as loose or gas hole in the laser remanufactured zone, the microstructure fineness density of the remanufactured part is close to the original substrate, the element difference is relatively small. The contents of Mg, Zr, Nd, Zn and other major elements remain basically constant. The coating and substrate are mainly composed of equiaxed crystalline grains. The crystalline grains of the coating are obviously finer than those of the substrate, further the precipitation of granular or microspherical intragranular and intergranular strengthening phases is more dispersed and uniform, which is mainly composed of α-Mg and β-Mg12Nd phase composition. There is no obvious coarsening in the heat affected zone. The microhardness from the top layer to the interface is between 56.4~63.2 HV0.1, The microhardness of the heat affected zone is between 54.2~56.4 HV0.1, which are higher than that of other parts of the substrate. The maximum bending load borne of the coating is between 152~167 N, the bending strength is distributed between 205~220 MPa, and the friction coefficient of the coating is distributed between 0.26~0.42. The relevant mechanical properties are meet the remanufacturing standards.
Critical non-Hermitian Skin Effect in a Single Closed non-Hermitian Chain
Authors: Siu Zhuo Bin , Rafi-Ul-Islam S. M. , Jalil Mansoor B.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A critical non-Hermitian skin effect (CNHSE) was recently discovered in which the eigenenergy spectrum of a coupled system comprising two 1D non-Hermitian (NH) chains exhibits an abrupt change when the length of the system increases beyond a critical length. Here, we overturn the conventional wisdom that multiple chains are required for the CNHSE by showing that a similar abrupt transition in the eigenenergy spectrum occurs with increasing length in a single finite 1D chain when the two ends of the chain are connected by a weak terminal coupling to form a closed loop. We illustrate this phenomenon using the classic Hatano-Nelson and Su-Schrieffer-Heeger NH systems, and show that it can co-exist with the conventional CNHSE in coupled NH loops.
Antifeedant potency of Mentha spicata aqueous extracts against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Peprah-Yamoah Emmanuel , Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Ofori Hayford , Adua Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rising trends of insect resistance, coupled with escalating environmental pollution from synthetic pesticides, heighten the need for a more effective and, non-hazardous agents to control insect/pests. Different aqueous extracts of Mentha spicata were screened for their phytochemical constituents and their antifeedant activities against Spodoptera frugiperda . Screening of the different aqueous extracts of Mentha spicata obtained by cold maceration revealed the presence of phenolics and tannins. The concentration of phenols and tannins in the water, glycerine, and glycerine plus water (glycerine-water) extracts were significantly different (p < 0.05). Mentha spicata water extract had a greater antifeedant activity against Spodoptera frugiperda as compared to glycerine and glycerine-water (60:40, v/v) extracts at a concentration of 5g/100 mL. The estimated % antifeedant activity recorded were 97 as against 8.21 and 49.81, respectively. Aqueous neem seed water extracts gave an estimated % antifeedant activity of 93.07 and it served as a control. Saponins were absent in all extracts and only water extracts had alkaloids present. The simple, non-hazardous, and cost-saving extraction method demonstrated could be applied in both commercial and subsistent farming to counteract the damnable effects of Spodoptera frugiperda infestation.
Memory cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific CD4+ T cells associate with viral control
Authors: Dong Tao , Liu Guihai , Felce Suet , Yao Xuan , Yin Zixi , Fries Anastasia , Mentzer Alexander , Dong Danning , Wang Wenbo , Dejnirattisai Wanwisa , Supasa Piyada , Liu Chang , Wing Peter , Rostron Timothy , Waugh Craig , Clark Sally-Ann , Clark Kevin , Sopp Paul , Hublitz Philip , Beveridge Ryan , Fry Jeremy , McKeating Jane , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Screaton Gavin , Ogg Graham , Knight Julian , Peng Yanchun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Little is known of the role of cytotoxic CD4+ T-cells in the control of viral replication. Here, we investigate CD4+ T-cell responses to three dominant SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and evaluate antiviral activity, including cytotoxicity and antiviral cytokine production. Diverse T cell receptor (TCR) usage including public TCRs were identified; surprisingly, cytotoxic CD4+ T-cells were found to have signalling and cytotoxic pathways distinct from classical CD8+ T-cells, with increased expression of chemokines and tissue homing receptors promoting migration. We show the presence of cytolytic CD4+ T-cells during primary infection associates with COVID-19 disease severity. Robust immune memory 6-9 months post-infection or vaccination provides CD4+ T-cells with potent antiviral activity. Our data support a model where CD4+ killer cells drive immunopathogenesis during primary infection and CD4+ memory responses are protective during secondary infection. Our study highlights the unique features of cytotoxic CD4+ T-cells that use distinct functional pathways, providing preventative and therapeutic opportunities.
Inequitable Access of People Who Injected Drugs to HCV Care in Tangier, Morocco: An Explorative Qualitative Study
Authors: Serghini Fatima Zohra , Belrhiti Zakaria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundWorldwide, approximately 16 million people inject drugs, 5 to 6 million people are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In Morocco, people who inject drugs (PWID) exceeds 1500 and the majority lives in the northern region of Morocco (Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima). Evidence suggests that 75% of them are infected with HCV. However, PWID suffers from inequitable access to hepatitis C care. For instance, 75 % of PWID affiliated to Hassnouna Association for the Support of Drug Users (AHSUD) do not have access to HCV treatment in Tangier. In this study, we aimed at exploring the underlying mechanisms and contextual conditions that hinders PWID from accessing HCV treatment. MethodsWe adopted qualitative multiple embedded case study design. We conducted 19 semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with PWIDs, community stakeholders and caregivers. We also carried out document review. We performed qualitative data analysis using NVivo software using concept, hypothesis and nvivo coding. We summarised key findings in the forms of barriers and facilitators. Results Access to care for PWID is constrained by individual, group, healthcare and socio-institutional factors. Individual factors include poor compliance to treatment, non-integration of care in personal priorities, level of knowledge of the disease with mistrust in government owned health institutions. At healthcare level, access to HCV care is also constrained by lack of appropriate management of co-morbidities and adequate management of drug dependence. Social barriers include poor access to housing, lack of family support, social-institutional, gender-based stigmatisation and criminalisation of drug use. This is often responsible for negative experiences of care, feeling of discomfort and perceived mistrust in government owned healthcare services .Such contextual prevent them from an appropriate access to HCV. An emerging result is that PWID are sharing and learning health related knowledge from their peers. This reinforces their perceived self-efficacy and social support and enhance the likelihood of following HCV treatment. Discussion and conclusion Poor access to HCV treatment for PWID involved an intertwined set of individual (level of knowledge, healthcare poor management of comorbidities and drug dependency) and institutional factors (social stigma, gender based discrimination…. etc). To allow better access to HCV for PWID, more attention should be placed in peer education (the main channel of information for IDUs) and broader political and societal changes are needed to de-stigmatize the use of drugs in Morocco.
Impact of indoor heating and overnight stagnation on tap water: Dynamics in water quality, biomass, bio-activity and bacterial community structure
Authors: Zhang Haihan , Liu Xiang , Huang Tinglin , Ma Ben , Niu Limin , Zhao Kexin , Huang Yuwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The drinking water distribution system is an important link with water supply system and it affects the quality of the drinking water. Indoor pipeline water quality is regulated by physical, hydraulic and biological elements, such as indoor temperature and stagnation. In this study, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and flow cytometry were used to assess the indoor heating and overnight stagnation on the variation in bacterial community structure and the Intact cell count. The results exhibited that the average intact cell count was 6.99 × 104 cells/mL and the low nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria was 4.48 × 104 cells/mL after stagnation. The average concentration of total and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was 3.64 × 10-12 gATP/mL and 3.13 × 10-17 gATP/cell in stagnant water, respectively. The growth of LNA cells played a crucial role in increasing ATP. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria with average abundance of 87.21%, followed by Actinobacteria (8.25%). Pseudomonas sp. and Mycobacterium sp. increased 1.2-fold and 5.8-fold in stagnant water. Structural equation model and redundancy analysis illustrated that temperature, residual chlorine and Fe concentration significantly affected bacterial count and bacterial community. Taking together, these results show responses of drinking water quality to overnight stagnation and indoor heating, and provide scientific basis for drinking water security management.