bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coal Mining Sub-Sectors in Taxation: An Overview of Characteristic Factors
Authors: Permana Cahya Bagus , Oktafiyani Melati 
Published: March 2022

Tax Avoidance is a legal effort made by companies to minimize the payment of their business tax obligations to the tax authorities by taking advantage of existing tax regulation loopholes or those that have not been regulated in statutory regulations. Even if this action is legal, the government does not want it because it is unable to optimize tax revenues. Moreover, the company will benefit from tax avoidance whenever possible. This study aims to determine whether firms’ characteristics variables influence tax avoidance. This study covers a population of 25 coal mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2019. Using a purposive sampling technique, eight coal mining companies were selected as part of this study. The study uses SPSS data processing tools, and the data is analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. The findings showed that the firm characteristics represented by the variables of size, leverage, age, and sales growth did not affect tax avoidance, while the profitability variable affected tax avoidance. The results indicate that the variability of firm characteristics may explain the Tax Avoidance of 18.9%, while the remaining 81.1% can be explained by other variables. Keywords:sizeprofitabilityleveragesales growthtax avoidance
A Potential Screening Index of Corneal Biomechanics in Healthy Subjects, Forme Fruste Keratoconus Patients and Clinical Keratoconus Patients
Authors: Tian Lei , Qin Xiao , Zhang Hui , Zhang Di , Guo Li-Li , Zhang Hai-Xia , Wu Ying , Jie Ying , Li Lin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the validity of corneal elastic modulus (E) calculated from corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST) in diagnosing keratoconus (KC) and forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC).Methods: Fifty KC patients (50 eyes), 36 FFKC patients (36 eyes, the eyes were without morphological abnormality, while the contralateral eye was diagnosed as clinical keratoconus), and 50 healthy patients (50 eyes) were enrolled and underwent Corvis measurements. We calculated E according to the relation between airpuff force and corneal apical displacement. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to identify the predictive accuracy of the E and other dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters. Besides, we used backpropagation (BP) neural network to establish the keratoconus diagnosis model.Results: 1) There was significant difference between KC and healthy subjects in the following DCR parameters: the first/second applanation time (A1T/A2T), velocity at first/second applanation (A1V/A2V), the highest concavity time (HCT), peak distance (PD), deformation amplitude (DA), Ambrosio relational thickness to the horizontal profile (ARTh). 2) A1T and E were smaller in FFKC and KC compared with healthy subjects. 3) ROC analysis showed that E (AUC = 0.746) was more accurate than other DCR parameters in detecting FFKC (AUC of these DCR parameters was not more than 0.719). 4) Keratoconus diagnosis model by BP neural network showed a more accurate diagnostic efficiency of 92.5%. The ROC analysis showed that the predicted value (AUC = 0.877) of BP neural network model was more sensitive in the detection FFKC than the Corvis built-in parameters CBI (AUC = 0.610, p = 0.041) and TBI (AUC = 0.659, p = 0.034).Conclusion: Corneal elastic modulus was found to have improved predictability in detecting FFKC patients from healthy subjects and may be used as an additional parameter for the diagnosis of keratoconus.
Biodeterioration of Compost-Pretreated Polyvinyl Chloride Films by Microorganisms Isolated From Weathered Plastics
Authors: Novotný Čenek , Fojtík Jindřich , Mucha Martin , Malachová Kateřina 
Published: March 2022

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a petroleum-based plastic used in various applications, polluting the environment because of its recalcitrance, large content of additives, and the presence of halogen. In our case study, a new, two-stage biodegradation technology that combined composting process used for PVC pretreatment with a subsequent PVC attack by newly-isolated fungal and bacterial strains under SSF conditions was used for biodegradation of commercial PVC films. The novelty consisted in a combined effect of the two biodegradation processes and the use for augmentation of microbial strains isolated from plastic-polluted environments. First, the ability of the newly-isolated strains to deteriorate PVC was tested in individual, liquid-medium- and SSF cultures. Higher mass-reductions of PVC films were obtained in the former cultures, probably due to a better mass transfer in liquid phase. Using the two-stage biodegradation technology the highest cumulative mass-reductions of 29.3 and 33.2% of PVC films were obtained after 110 days with Trichoderma hamatum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens applied in the second stage in the SSF culture, respectively. However, FTIR analysis showed that the mass-reductions obtained represented removal of significant amounts of additives but the PVC polymer chain was not degraded.
Automatic Measurement of Endometrial Thickness From Transvaginal Ultrasound Images
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Zhou Qin , Peng Boyuan , Jiang Jingjing , Fang Li , Weng Weihao , Wang Wenwen , Wang Shixuan , Zhu Xin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Endometrial thickness is one of the most important indicators in endometrial disease screening and diagnosis. Herein, we propose a method for automated measurement of endometrial thickness from transvaginal ultrasound images.Methods: Accurate automated measurement of endometrial thickness relies on endometrium segmentation from transvaginal ultrasound images that usually have ambiguous boundaries and heterogeneous textures. Therefore, a two-step method was developed for automated measurement of endometrial thickness. First, a semantic segmentation method was developed based on deep learning, to segment the endometrium from 2D transvaginal ultrasound images. Second, we estimated endometrial thickness from the segmented results, using a largest inscribed circle searching method. Overall, 8,119 images (size: 852 × 1136 pixels) from 467 cases were used to train and validate the proposed method.Results: We achieved an average Dice coefficient of 0.82 for endometrium segmentation using a validation dataset of 1,059 images from 71 cases. With validation using 3,210 images from 214 cases, 89.3% of endometrial thickness errors were within the clinically accepted range of ±2 mm.Conclusion: Endometrial thickness can be automatically and accurately estimated from transvaginal ultrasound images for clinical screening and diagnosis.
Coronary CTA Would Facilitate Invasive Angiography in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Coronary Bypass Grafting History
Authors: Ma Shaowei , Zhou Ke , Ma Yue , Ma Quanmei , Hou Yang 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe uncertainties of grafts’ ostium and patency would cause prolonged procedure/fluoroscopy time and extra contrast agent consumption of the invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) history. This study was conducted to evaluate whether the identification of grafts’ ostium and patency by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) could facilitate ICA procedure.MethodsPatients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and CABG history who underwent ICA during hospitalization were enrolled. The patients were divided into the CTA–ICA group and the direct ICA group according to whether a coronary CTA was performed before ICA. The complete direct ICA was defined by successful selective angiography of all recorded grafts. The procedure/fluoroscopy time and contrast agent consumption of ICA were compared.ResultsThere were 14 patients in the CTA–ICA group and 24 patients in the direct ICA group. In the direct ICA group, twelve cases were conducted complete ICA. The CTA–ICA group had reduced procedure time (17.8 ± 7.1 vs. 25.9 ± 15.4 min, p = 0.03) and fluoroscopy time (fluor-time; 4.6 ± 2.3 vs. 9.8 ± 5.3 min, p &lt; 0.01), and less contrast agent consumption (30.4 ± 5.6 vs. 49.8 ± 20.9 ml, p &lt; 0.01) than the direct ICA group. In a subgroup analysis, the incomplete direct ICA had the longest procedure time (32.8 ± 16.5 min) or fluor-time (12.0 ± 5.5 min) and the most contrast agent consumption (58.3 ± 25.8 ml), whereas the difference between CTA–ICA and complete direct ICA groups was non-significant.ConclusionThe CTA would facilitate invasive angiography in patients with CABG by reducing procedure/fluoroscopy time and contrast agent consumption.
Undertreatment of Anticoagulant Therapy in Hospitalized Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gong Xiaoxian , Chen Hongfang , Wang Jianan , Zhong Wansi , Chen Luowei , Yan Shenqiang , Lou Min 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with the initiation of oral anticoagulation among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and concurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) at discharge in China.MethodsWe continuously included hospitalized patients with AIS with an AF diagnosis registered in the computer-based Online Database of Acute Stroke Patients for Stroke Management Quality Evaluation (CASE II) from January 2016 to December 2020 and divided them into a and non-anticoagulant groups according to the medications at discharge. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the prescription of anticoagulants in patients with AF.ResultsA total of 16,162 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 77 ± 9 years, 8,596 (53.2%) were males, and the median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 5 (2–12). Of the 14,838 patients without contraindications of antithrombotic therapy, 6,335 (42.7%) patients were initiated with anticoagulation treatment at discharge. Prior history of hemorrhagic stroke (OR 0.647, p &lt; 0.001) and gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 0.607, p = 0.003) were associated with a lower rate of anticoagulation at discharge. Patients with any intracranial hemorrhage (OR 0.268, p &lt; 0.001), gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 0.353, p &lt; 0.001), or pneumonia during hospitalization (OR 0.601, p &lt; 0.001) were less likely to receive anticoagulants at discharge. Among 7,807 patients with previously diagnosed AF and high risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2), only 1,585 (20.3%) had been receiving anticoagulation treatment prior to the onset of stroke. However, the mean international normalized ratio (INR) was 1.5 on the first test during hospitalization in patients receiving warfarin. Patients complicated with a previous history of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA; OR 2.303, p &lt; 0.001) and peripheral artery disease (OR 1.456, p = 0.003) were more common to start anticoagulants.ConclusionsLess than half of patients with AIS and concurrent AF initiated guideline-recommended oral anticoagulation at discharge, while only 20% of patients with previously diagnosed AF with a high risk of stroke had been using anticoagulants prior to the onset of stroke, which highlights a large care gap in hospitalized stroke patients and the importance of AF management.
Present-Day Tectonic Deformation Partitioning Across South Tianshan From Satellite Geodetic Imaging
Authors: Qiu Jiangtao , Ji Lingyun , Zhu Liangyu , Wang Qingliang 
Published: March 2022

The Tianshan orogenic belt has intense crustal deformation and shortening in the near north-south direction. We processed ascending and descending Sentinel-1A/B 1synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to obtain the first line-of-sight deformation field over South Tianshan (75–78 E), and combined with GPS velocity data to construct the current three dimensions surface velocity fields with high quality and high spatial resolution. The results show that: 1) deformation is not evenly distributed in the study area. The convergence across the Tianshan ranges is approximately 15–24 mm/yr; the deformation gradient in the junction area between South Tianshan and Pamir is the largest, and adjusts ∼68% of the total convergence deformation. South Tianshan is relatively stable without sharp gradients, and ∼58% of the deformation is distributed in the intermontane faults and basin systems in the north of South Tianshan. 2) Thrust slip of faults, uplift of folds, and slippage of décollement jointly play important roles in accommodating regional strain. The Maidan fault, which is the boundary between South Tianshan and Tarim Basin, has strike-slip and thrust characteristics, and is the root fault of the slip partitioning system. Our results can provide effective kinematic boundary constraints for the study of Asian crustal movement models.
Late Glacial and Holocene Palaeolake History of the Última Esperanza Region of Southern Patagonia
Authors: Roberts Stephen J. , McCulloch Robert D. , Emmings Joseph F. , Davies Sarah J. , Van Nieuwenhuyze Wim , Sterken Mieke , Heirman Katrien , Van Wichelen Jeroen , Diaz Carolina , Van de Vyver Evelien , Whittle Alex , Vyverman Wim , Hodgson Dominic A. , Verleyen Elie 
Published: March 2022

We undertook multi-proxy analyses on two sediment cores from Lago Pato, a small lake basin at 51°S topographically separated from Lago del Toro in Torres del Paine (TdP), to provide insights into glacier dynamics and lake-level change in the TdP and Última Esperanza region over the last ∼30,000 cal a BP (30 ka). Lago Pato is situated in a region overridden by the Southern Patagonian Ice Field during the Last Glacial and in a transitional climatic zone of Southern Patagonia sensitive to seasonal- to millennial-scale changes in the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SWW). Results show that a deep ice-dammed and enlarged palaeolake encompassed Lago del Toro and Lago Pato c. 30–20 ka after the ice had retreated from local-Last Glacial Maximum (l-LGM) limits at c. 48–34 ka and during the build-up to the global-Last Glacial Maximum (g-LGM), c. 26–19 ka. Gaps in both sediment records between c. 20–13.4 ka and c. 20–10 ka suggest hiatuses in sediment accumulation during the g-LGM and Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) readvances and/or removal by lake lowering or flushing during the Late Glacial–early Holocene. The palaeolake level dropped from &gt;100 m a.s.l. to ∼40–50 m a.s.l. towards the end of the ACR c. 13.4–13.0 ka, creating a shallower glaciolacustrine environment dammed by an ice tongue in the Estancia Puerto Consuelo–Última Esperanza fjord. Further lowering of the enlarged palaeolake level occurred when the ice thinned to &lt;40 m a.s.l., eventually isolating Lago Pato from Lago del Toro and glaciogenic sediment input at c. 11.7 ka. After isolation, the ecology and water levels in Lago Pato became sensitive to regional climate shifts. The shallow, stable, and highly anoxic environment that developed after c. 11.7 ka is associated with weaker (or poleward shifted) SWW at 51°S and was replaced at c. 10 ka by an increasingly productive shallow-littoral lake with a variable lake-level and periodic shifts in anoxic-oxic bottom water conditions and ratios of benthic-planktonic diatoms. A more open Nothofagus forest, established at c. 8.6–7.5 ka, and more arid conditions c. 7.5–5.7 cal ka BP are linked to another phase of weaker (or poleward shifted) SWW at 51°S. More persistently wet conditions from c. 5.7 ka, with extensive closed Nothofagus forests and planktonic diatoms dominant, are associated with stronger (or equatorward shifted) SWW over 51°S. The abrupt return of benthic-to-tychoplanktonic diatoms after c. 3 ka reflects enhanced SWW at 51°S. Increasingly stable lacustrine and littoral wetland conditions established in the last ∼500 years reflect weaker SWW and lasted until recent decades.
Research of the Flow Attenuation Mechanism of a Double-Suction Pump
Authors: Meng Dongrong , Jiang Ting , Liu Zhengguang , Zhao Meng , Jiang Wei , Hou Gaoyang 
Published: March 2022

As an important machine for energy conversion and fluid transmission, centrifugal pump has the advantages of high efficiency, reliable performance, and easy adjustment. In order to improve the stability of the pump, this article adopts the method of experimental and numerical simulation in the pump and studies the variation of the vibration characteristics in the operation process. Based on the numerical simulation results, the intake condition and the cavitation inside the centrifugal pump are analyzed and summarized, which reveals the flow attenuation mechanism of a pumping station. The main results of the work reported in this article are as follows: 1) Various experimental schemes to monitor the vibration of centrifugal pumps in real time have been designed. The vibration characteristics of the pumps have been significantly improved by adding special trash barriers. 2) The gas entering the pump was not enough to affect the normal operation of the pump, but cavitation did occur in the actual operation process. 3) The critical net positive suction head under the three conditions is calculated to be 8.9, 10.9, and 12.9 m, respectively.
Estimating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Related Lockdown on Utilization of Maternal and Perinatal Health Services in an Urban Neighborhood in Delhi, India
Authors: Sinha Bireshwar , Dudeja Nonita , Mazumder Sarmila , Kumar Tivendra , Adhikary Priyanka , Roy Nivedita , Rongsen Chandola Temsunaro , Mehta Rajesh , Raina Neena , Bhandari Nita 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate utilization of maternal, perinatal healthcare services after the lockdown was implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the period before.MethodsThis study conducted in Dakshinpuri, an urban neighborhood in Delhi, reports data over a 13-month period which includes the period “before lockdown” i.e., October 1, 2019 to March 21, 2020 and “after lockdown” i.e., March 22 to November 5, 2020. The period “after lockdown” included the lockdown phase (March 22 to May 31, 2020) and unlock phase (June 1 to November 5, 2020). Mothers delivered during this period in the study area were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in a subsample to understand the experiences, challenges, and factors for underutilization of healthcare services.FindingsThe survey covered a total population of 21,025 in 4,762 households; 199 eligible mothers (mean age 27.4 years) were interviewed. In women who delivered after lockdown against before lockdown, adjusted odds of having &gt;2 antenatal care visits in the third trimester was 80% lower (aOR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5); proportion of institutional deliveries was lower (93 vs. 97%); exclusive breastfeeding during first 6 months of birth (64.5 vs. 75.7%) and health worker home visitation within 6 weeks of birth (median, 1 vs. 3 visits) were substantially lower. Fear of contracting COVID-19, poor quality of services, lack of transportation and financial constraints were key issues faced by mothers in accessing health care. More than three-fourth (81%) of the mothers reported feeling down, depressed or hopeless after lockdown. The major factors for stress during lockdown was financial reasons (70%), followed by health-related concerns.ConclusionCOVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown substantially affected maternal and perinatal healthcare utilization and service delivery.
Prediction of Refractive Error Based on Ultrawide Field Images With Deep Learning Models in Myopia Patients
Authors: Yang Danjuan , Li Meiyan , Li Weizhen , Wang Yunzhe , Niu Lingling , Shen Yang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Fu Bo , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: March 2022

SummaryUltrawide field fundus images could be applied in deep learning models to predict the refractive error of myopic patients. The predicted error was related to the older age and greater spherical power.PurposeTo explore the possibility of predicting the refractive error of myopic patients by applying deep learning models trained with ultrawide field (UWF) images.MethodsUWF fundus images were collected from left eyes of 987 myopia patients of Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University between November 2015 and January 2019. The fundus images were all captured with Optomap Daytona, a 200° UWF imaging device. Three deep learning models (ResNet-50, Inception-v3, Inception-ResNet-v2) were trained with the UWF images for predicting refractive error. 133 UWF fundus images were also collected after January 2021 as an the external validation data set. The predicted refractive error was compared with the “true value” measured by subjective refraction. Mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and coefficient (R2) value were calculated in the test set. The Spearman rank correlation test was applied for univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis on variables affecting MAE. The weighted heat map was generated by averaging the predicted weight of each pixel.ResultsResNet-50, Inception-v3 and Inception-ResNet-v2 models were trained with the UWF images for refractive error prediction with R2 of 0.9562, 0.9555, 0.9563 and MAE of 1.72(95%CI: 1.62–1.82), 1.75(95%CI: 1.65–1.86) and 1.76(95%CI: 1.66–1.86), respectively. 29.95%, 31.47% and 29.44% of the test set were within the predictive error of 0.75D in the three models. 64.97%, 64.97%, and 64.47% was within 2.00D predictive error. The predicted MAE was related to older age (P &lt; 0.01) and greater spherical power(P &lt; 0.01). The optic papilla and macular region had significant predictive power in the weighted heat map.ConclusionsIt was feasible to predict refractive error in myopic patients with deep learning models trained by UWF images with the accuracy to be improved.
NMR Assignment of Methyl Groups in Immobilized Proteins Using Multiple-Bond 13C Homonuclear Transfers, Proton Detection, and Very Fast MAS
Authors: Paluch Piotr , Augustyniak Rafal , Org Mai-Liis , Vanatalu Kalju , Kaldma Ats , Samoson Ago , Stanek Jan 
Published: March 2022

In nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins, methyl protons play a particular role as extremely sensitive reporters on dynamics, allosteric effects, and protein–protein interactions, accessible even in high-molecular-weight systems approaching 1 MDa. The notorious issue of their chemical shift assignment is addressed here by a joint use of solid-state 1H-detected methods at very fast (nearly 100 kHz) magic-angle spinning, partial deuteration, and high-magnetic fields. The suitability of a series of RF schemes is evaluated for the efficient coherence transfer across entire 13C side chains of methyl-containing residues, which is key for establishing connection between methyl and backbone 1H resonances. The performance of ten methods for recoupling of either isotropic 13C–13C scalar or anisotropic dipolar interactions (five variants of TOBSY, FLOPSY, DIPSI, WALTZ, RFDR, and DREAM) is evaluated experimentally at two state-of-the-art magic-angle spinning (55 and 94.5 kHz) and static magnetic field conditions (18.8 and 23.5 T). Model isotopically labeled compounds (alanine and Met-Leu-Phe tripeptide) and ILV-methyl and amide-selectively protonated, and otherwise deuterated chicken α-spectrin SH3 protein are used as convenient reference systems. Spin dynamics simulations in SIMPSON are performed to determine optimal parameters of these RF schemes, up to recently experimentally attained spinning frequencies (200 kHz) and B0 field strengths (28.2 T). The concept of linearization of 13C side chain by appropriate isotope labeling is revisited and showed to significantly increase sensitivity of methyl-to-backbone correlations. A resolution enhancement provided by 4D spectroscopy with non-uniform (sparse) sampling is demonstrated to remove ambiguities in simultaneous resonance assignment of methyl proton and carbon chemical shifts.