bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix bioink boosts stemness and facilitates transplantation of intestinal organoids as a biosafe Matrigel alternative
Authors: Xu Zi‐Yan , Huang Jin‐Jian , Liu Ye , Chen Can‐Wen , Qu Gui‐Wen , Wang Ge‐Fei , Zhao Yun , Wu Xiu‐Wen , Ren Jian‐An 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganoids hold inestimable therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine and are increasingly serving as an in vitro research platform. Still, their expanding applications are critically restricted by the canonical culture matrix and system. Synthesis of a suitable bioink of bioactivity, biosecurity, tunable stiffness, and printability to replace conventional matrices and fabricate customized culture systems remains challenging. Here, we envisaged a novel bioink formulation based on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from porcine small intestinal submucosa for organoids bioprinting, which provides intestinal stem cells (ISCs) with niche‐specific ECM content and biomimetic microstructure. Intestinal organoids cultured in the fabricated bioink exhibited robust generation as well as a distinct differentiation pattern and transcriptomic signature. This bioink established a new co‐culture system able to study interaction between epithelial homeostasis and submucosal cells and promote organoids maturation after transplantation into the mesentery of immune‐deficient NODSCID‐gamma (NSG) mice. In summary, the development of such photo‐responsive bioink has the potential to replace tumor‐derived Matrigel and facilitate the application of organoids in translational medicine and disease modeling.
Iron imbalance in cancer: Intersection of deficiency and overload
Authors: Basak Tulika , Kanwar Rupinder Kaur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron, an essential trace element, plays a complex role in tumour biology. While iron causes cancer clearance through toxic free radical generation, iron‐induced free radical flux also acts as a cancer promoter. These fates majorly guided through cellular response towards pro‐oxidant and antioxidant settings in a tumour microenvironment, designate iron‐induced oxidative stress as a common yet paradoxical factor in pro‐tumorigenesis as well as anti‐tumorigenesis, posing a challenge to laying down iron thresholds favouring tumour clearance. Additionally, complexity of iron's association with carcinogenesis has been extended to iron‐induced ROS's involvement in states of both iron deficiency and overload, conditions identified as comparable, inevitable and significant coexisting contributors as well as outcomes in chronic infections and tumorigenesis. Besides, iron overload may also develop as an unwanted outcome in certain cancer patients, as a result of symptomatic anaemia treatment owed to irrational iron‐restoration therapies without a prior knowledge of body's iron status with both conditions synergistically acting towards tumour aggravation. The co‐play of iron deficiency and overload along with iron's pro‐tumour and antitumour roles with intersecting mechanisms, thus presents an unpredictable regulatory response loop in a state of malignancy. The relevance of iron's thresholds beyond which it proves to be beneficial against tumorigenesis hence becomes questionable. These factors pose a challenge, over establishing if iron chelation or iron flooding acts as a better approach towards antitumour therapies. This review presents a critical picture of multiple contrasting features of iron's behaviour in cancer, leading towards two conditions lying at opposite ends of a spectrum: iron deficiency and overload in chronic disease conditions including cancer, hence, validating the critical significance of diagnosis of patients' iron status prior to opting for subsequent therapies.
A novel prognostic time window based on conditional survival and outcomes analyses of primary liver cancer patients
Authors: Lu Weicheng , Hong Weifeng , Qiu Haibo , Zhou Zhongguo , He Zhonglian , Zeng Weian , Zhong Weiqiang , Xie Jingdun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver cancer is one of the most deadly and prevalent cancers. A routine follow‐up plan for liver cancer is crucial but limited. In the present study, we aimed to disclose possible risk factors and critical survival time windows for primary liver cancer.MethodsWe enrolled 692 liver cancer patients from Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of cirrhosis and recurrence were conducted. A meta‐analysis was utilized to validate an indication of creatinine (CRE) in recurrence. Conditional survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The results were further verified by the SYSUCC validation cohort and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) validation cohort.ResultsOur results indicated that A/G, history of hepatitis, history of alcohol consumption and platelet (PLT) might be potential prognostic factors for cirrhosis in liver cancer patients. CRE was significantly correlated with recurrence due to various therapies, especially after transarterial embolization. Moreover, 1.5 years to 2 years may be a critical time window for deterioration in survival rate based on the conditional survival analysis.ConclusionA/G, history of hepatitis, alcohol consumption and PLT may be potential prognostic factors for cirrhosis in liver cancer patients. More attention should be focused on the renal function when treating the patients due to the significant role of CRE. 1.5 years to 2 years is a critical time window for deterioration in survival rate for liver cancer patients that contributes to determining the optimal follow‐up plan in the future.
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Linaridin Peptides Contains Epimerase Gene
Authors: Xiao Wanlu , Satoh Yasuharu , Ogasawara Yasushi , Dairi Tohru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSalinipeptins belong to the type‐A linaridin class of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) comprising 22 amino acid residues with multiple D‐amino acids. Although chirality of other type‐A linaridins, such as grisemycin and cypemycin, has not been reported, the biosynthetic gene clusters of type‐A linaridins have identical gene organization. Here, we report heterologous expression of grisemycin biosynthetic gene cluster (grm) and show that grisemycin contains multiple D‐amino acids, similar to salinipeptins. The heterologous expression experiments also confirm the involvement of a novel peptide epimerase in grisemycin biosynthesis. Gene‐deletion experiments indicate that grmL, a single gene with unknown function, is indispensable for grisemycin production. We also show that the presence of D‐amino acids is likely a common feature of linaridin natural products by analyzing two other type‐A linaridin clusters.
Underrecognized pathogen; Staphylococcus warneri‐associated native mitral valve endocarditis in an immunocompetent host: A case report and literature review
Authors: Alawad Mouhammad J. , Ali Gawahir A. , Goravey Wael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStaphylococcus warneri‐related endocarditis is rarely reported, raising diagnostic challenges and is often associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We describe a case of native valve endocarditis caused by S. warneri and complicated by a valve perforation in an immunocompetent patient to raise awareness of this emerging organism.
Women of Color and decent work: An examination of psychology of working theory
Authors: Kim Haram J. , McNeil‐Young Victoria A. , Wang Danni , Duffy Ryan D. , Underill Bailey D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Women of Color (WOC) in the United States experience a unique form of intersecting oppression in the realm of work. Various previous studies have shown that WOC experience work objectively (e.g., wage disparity) and subjectively (e.g., compromised job satisfaction) differently than White women or Men of Color, indicating that WOC is less likely to attain decent work than their counterparts. In the present study, using psychology of working theory as the theoretical framework, we examined the predictors and outcomes of decent work (an aspirational goal for all working individuals) among a sample of working adults who self‐identified as WOC (N = 270). Results indicated that WOC's lifetime experiences of economic constraints and marginalization, directly and indirectly, affected decent work attainment via work volition (a sense of choice in one's career). Moreover, the attainment of decent work was positively related to work fulfillment and well‐being. The implications and future directions are discussed.
Electrodeposition of Cobalt‐Copper Oxides Decorated with Conductive Polymer for Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Stability
Authors: Noormohammadi E. , Poli F. , Durante C. , Lunardon M. , Sanjabi S. , Soavi F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere, we report about the synthesis of Cobalt‐Copper (CC) mixed oxides prepared by electrodeposition and thermal annealing, and coated with PEDOT:PSS (CCP) for supercapacitor electrodes. The electrodes’ morphology and electrochemical performance were investigated by combining XRD, XPS, SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The initial capacity of the CC electrode was 26 mAh/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s with a coulombic efficiency of 92 %. The CC electrode featured a capacity retention of 81 % at a constant current density of 1 A/g after 5000 cycles. CCP electrodes slightly reduced the specific capacity but increased both coulombic efficiency and cyclic stability. CCP1 electrode featured a specific capacity of 21 mAh/g at 5 mV/s scan rate with better coulombic efficiency 95 % along with capacity retention of 92.3 % over 5000 cycles. Increasing the amount of PEDOT:PSS lowered the CC electrodes’ specific capacity, but significantly improved the capacity retention up to 100 %.
Block Copolymer Templated WO3 Surface Nanolines as Catalysts for Enhanced Epinephrine Sensing and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Selkirk Andrew , Bas Salih Zeki , Cummins Cian , Aslan Emre , Patir Imren Hatay , Zhussupbekova Ainur , Prochukhan Nadezda , Borah Dipu , Paiva Aislan , Ozmen Mustafa , Morris Michael A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report the development of a multifunctional, nanostructured tungsten oxide catalytic device using block copolymer (BCP) templating, which was utilised for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and epinephrine (EP) detection. The device was constructed by depositing a self‐assembled BCP film atop an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. A tungsten precursor was then selectively coordinated into the film via liquid phase infiltration, which upon UV‐ozone treatment yielded WO3 surface nanolines (NLs) with excellent surface coverage. The resulting device was firstly investigated as a photoanode for OER. The onset overpotential of the WO3NLs‐ITO electrode was determined to be 240 mV and 390 mV, with and without light illumination, respectively. Moreover, the applicability of the WO3NLs‐ITO device for the electrochemical sensing of EP was explored using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, exhibiting a linear response in a wide working range of 0.5–250 μM with a sensitivity of 0.0491 μA μM−1 and detection limit of 0.086 μM. The device demonstrated high durability over multiple EP measurements, as well as strong anti‐interference abilities versus well‐known interfering compounds. Additionally, the device was successfully applied to accurately determine EP concentrations in commercial drug samples. The results of this study attest to the significant potential of BCP templating for developing low cost, high‐performance electrocatalytic devices for future nanomanufacturing strategies.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Optical fibre probes in multiphase systems
Authors: Golshan Shahab , Patience Gregory S. , Zarghami Reza , Chaouki Jamal , Blais Bruno 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs much as 75% of the raw materials in the chemical industry and 50% of consumer products are in the form of powders or granular solids. Gasification, pyrolysis, coating, granulation, drying, and mixing are examples of processes in which particles contact fluids. Researchers examine the hydrodynamics of these fluid–solid systems with pressure signals, acoustics, tomography, radioactive particle tracking, optical fibre measurements, and spectroscopy. Among these techniques, fibre optic probes are simple, inexpensive, and sensitive (spatial resolution of 100 μm) and have sampling frequencies of Hz. Optical probes measure local hydrodynamic properties, including particle velocity, solids fraction, and voids, which are difficult to measure in heterogeneous systems like spouted beds, risers, and turbulent fluidized beds. Light from a fibre optic bundle illuminates a specific volume, and fibres from the same or separate bundle return the reflected or transmitted photons to a detector (visible, near‐infrared spectroscopy, or Raman). Sample MATLAB codes included herein together with sample experimental data demonstrate how to process raw signals for gas/solids/and bubble holdup, particle and bubble velocity, bubble size, and solids flux.
Septins promote caspase activity and coordinate mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Van Ngo Hoan , Robertin Stevens , Brokatzky Dominik , Bielecka Magdalena K. , Lobato‐Márquez Damián , Torraca Vincenzo , Mostowy Serge 
Published: April 2022

AbstractApoptosis is a form of regulated cell death essential for tissue homeostasis and embryonic development. Apoptosis also plays a key role during bacterial infection, yet some intracellular bacterial pathogens (such as Shigella flexneri, whose lipopolysaccharide can block apoptosis) can manipulate cell death programs as an important survival strategy. Septins are a component of the cytoskeleton essential for mitochondrial dynamics and host defense, however, the role of septins in regulated cell death is mostly unknown. Here, we discover that septins promote mitochondrial (i.e., intrinsic) apoptosis in response to treatment with staurosporine (a pan‐kinase inhibitor) or etoposide (a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor). Consistent with a role for septins in mitochondrial dynamics, septins promote the release of mitochondrial protein cytochrome c in apoptotic cells and are required for the proteolytic activation of caspase‐3, caspase‐7, and caspase‐9 (core components of the apoptotic machinery). Apoptosis of HeLa cells induced in response to infection by S. flexneri ΔgalU (a lipopolysaccharide mutant unable to block apoptosis) is also septin‐dependent. In vivo, zebrafish larvae are significantly more susceptible to infection with S. flexneri ΔgalU (as compared to infection with wildtype S. flexneri), yet septin deficient larvae are equally susceptible to infection with S. flexneri ΔgalU and wildtype S. flexneri. These data provide a new molecular framework to understand the complexity of mitochondrial apoptosis and its ability to combat bacterial infection.
Cytomorphologic features of SMARCA4‐deficient non–small cell lung carcinoma and correlation with immunohistochemical and molecular features
Authors: Sun Tong , Gilani Syed M. , Podany Peter , Harigopal Malini , Zhong Minghao , Wang He 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUNDSMARCA4/BRG1‐deficient tumors and those that have loss of SMARCA/BRG1 have been described as various aggressive carcinomas and sarcomas, including a subset of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Cytomorphologic features of NSCLCs are yet to be described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytomorphologic features, immunohistochemical profile, and molecular profile of SMARCA4/BRG1‐deficient NSCLC (SMARCA4‐dNSCLC).METHODSThe authors retrospectively searched for cases with SMARCA4/BRG1 functional loss alterations, which were identified in molecular studies and further confirmed by immunocytochemistry, and they reviewed the cytomorphologic features. Tumors with BRG1 loss were also stained with an extensive antibody panel. Molecular profiling and clinical information of the identified cases were scrutinized.RESULTSIn total, 12 cytopathology cases from different anatomic sites were included. All cases showed variable expression of cytokeratin irrespective of type. One‐half of cases had glandular features, followed by squamoid features, and poorly differentiated features. The most common cytologic features included sheets or papillary architecture, round or oval cell shapes, nuclear enlargement, moderate‐to‐marked pleomorphism, and coarse chromatin. Two cases with poorly differentiated cytomorphology had a predominance of single cells, scant cytoplasm, and macronucleoli. Variable expression of epithelial markers was noted in all cases. TP53 was the most frequently co‐mutated gene in SMARCA4‐dNSLCs.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that SMARCA4‐dNSCLCs can have a wide spectrum of cytomorphologic features, ranging from a relatively well differentiated adenocarcinoma to a poorly differentiated/undifferentiated carcinoma, with the majority of cases exhibiting some high‐grade features, such as mitosis, apoptosis, necrosis, and marked pleomorphism. ;
Mobocertinib Dose Rationale in Patients with Metastatic NSCLC with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions: Exposure–Response Analyses of a Pivotal Phase I/II Study
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Largajolli Anna , Witjes Han , Diderichsen Paul M. , Zhang Steven , Hanley Michael J. , Lin Jianchang , Mehta Minal 
Published: April 2022

Mobocertinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations previously treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy. These exposure–response analyses assessed potential relationships between exposure and efficacy or safety outcomes in platinum‐pretreated patients with EGFRex20ins‐positive mNSCLC who received mobocertinib 160 mg once daily (q.d.) in a pivotal phase I/II study. A statistically significant relationship between the independent review committee‐assessed objective response rate and molar sum exposure to mobocertinib and its active metabolites (AP32960 and AP32914) was not discernable using a longitudinal model of clinical response driven by normalized dynamic molar sum exposure or a static model of best clinical response based on time‐averaged molar sum exposure. However, the longitudinal model suggested a trend for decreased probability of response with the change in mobocertinib molar sum exposure between the 160‐ and 120‐mg doses (odds ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.55–1.10; P = 0.156). Time‐averaged molar sum exposure was a significant predictor of the rate of grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs). Taken together, these exposure–efficacy and exposure–safety results support a favorable benefit‐risk profile for the approved mobocertinib 160‐mg q.d. dose and dose modification guidelines for patients experiencing AEs.
Theory of Exciton Dynamics in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Carreras Abel , Casanova David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is an upconversion photophysical process based on the population of a bright excited singlet state from an excited triplet via reverse intersystem crossing (rISC), which might be employed to overcome the statistical limitation of electron‐hole recombination in organic light‐emitting diodes. In this work, we describe the intricacies of TADF dynamics by means of a quantum master equation and through perturbative approaches to rate constants of internal conversion and ISC. Simulation of the time evolution from the lowest excited triplet in systems with small energy gaps allows to disentangle the role of different electronic states mediating the population of the singlet manifold and the importance of various rISC mechanisms. Energy gaps between charge transfer (CT) and local excitons (LE), and interstate (hyperfine, spin‐orbit and vibronic) couplings are key factors tuning the feasibility of rISC. Since in molecules LE/CT spin‐orbit coupling is, in general, larger than hyperfine interactions, the rISC rate is largely increased in those situations where either the direct or mediated triplet‐singlet interconversion between states of different character is energetically available. Interestingly, temperature dependence of rISC rate is stronger for the spin‐vibronic coupling mechanism than via hyperfine interaction.
Study of Dislocation Bending During Film Growth by a Multiscale Scheme
Authors: An Qiaoru , Nie Qichun , Liu Sheng , Fang Haisheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDepositing on the patterned substrate in chemical vapor deposition is one of the most effective approaches to produce low‐dislocation‐density films. Existing experiments indicate that dislocation bending is the main cause of decreasing dislocation. However, what drives dislocation segments (DSs) to bend remains unclear, and existing numerical methods do not explain the mechanism fully. In this study, a multiscale scheme based on molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) is proposed to unravel the multiscale mechanism of DSs bending. In this scheme, MD is employed to identify the off‐lattice structure and to calculate the diffusion activation energies. KMC is used to perform the temporal evolution of the deposition process. In a proof‐of‐concept, the growth rate and the film morphology in silane deposition are predicted in the cross‐scale comparable to the experimental measurements. With the proposed multiscale scheme, the calculated activation energies show that the repeated lateral deposition and the obliquely upward deposition of the dislocated atoms contribute to DSs bending. Moreover, the sharp decrease of dislocation density is quantitatively elucidated by the scheme. The study provides fundamental insight into dislocation bending reduction during crystal thin film growth.
Leveraging the Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of Solution Combustion Derived ZnO Photocatalyst through Palladium Doping
Authors: Irine T. M. , Rathika A. , Gobalakrishnan S. , Isaac R. S. Rimal , Sanjith S. , Chidhambaram N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, palladium‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticle photocatalysts with various amounts of palladium are prepared through a solution combustion method. Their crystal structure, optical, morphological, and thermal properties are examined by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The XRD results demonstrate that palladium doping does not induce any secondary phases related to metallic palladium or palladium oxides. The inclusion of palladium with ZnO decreases the bandgap value and the lowest bandgap value of 3.19 eV is evaluated for the 3% palladium‐doped ZnO photocatalyst. The Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis reveals the characteristic stretching vibrations of ZnO at 460 cm−1 in all the synthesized photocatalysts. Palladium doping induces thermal stability enhancement in the synthesized photocatalysts. The optimal palladium doping enhances the photocatalytic degradation efficiency significantly against methylene blue (MB) dye. A plausible mechanism is also discussed for photocatalytic degradation enhancement due to palladium doping.