bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferred‐handed helical conformation in organic–inorganic hybrid block copolymers with well‐controlled stereoregularity
Authors: Kometani Satoshi , Kato Tomoki , Manabe Kei , Seko Tamio , Chang Yu‐Ning , Luo Huai‐Rou , Agata Yoshihiro , Ohta Noboru , Hayakawa Teruaki , Fujii Syuji , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Li Ming‐Chia , Hirai Tomoyasu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel block copolymer containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) features a well‐controlled stereoregularity, that is, isotactic polymethacrylate‐functionalized POSS‐b‐polymethyl methacrylate (it‐PMAPOSS‐b‐PMMA), was prepared via controlled‐anionic polymerization. The stereoregularity of each segment in the it‐PMAPOSS‐b‐PMMA is evaluated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which reveals an isotactic configuration in both the PMAPOSS and PMMA segments. The secondary structure of it‐PMAPOSS‐b‐PMMA in a mixture with a small chiral dopant is clarified with electronic circular dichroism and vibrational circular dichroism measurements. By adding a chiral dopant, a controlled preferential helical conformation of the unilateral segment in achiral it‐PMAPOSS‐b‐PMMA is achieved.
Enhanced Polychromatic Luminescence of Bionic Peptidyl Nanoparticles Driven by Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Huang Meimei , Kong Jia , Zhang Jiaxing , Wang Zixuan , Hao Dongzhao , Zhang Jiaojiao , Wang Yuefei , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to their good biocompatibility, flexible structure, and ease of assembling, peptide nanomaterials have become one of the excellent candidates for the construction of fluorescent molecules and attracted much attention in the field of biomedicine. Inspired by green fluorescent protein and its mutants, a series of dipeptide derivatives are designed. The dipeptides aggregate into nanoparticles and bind together by intermolecular forces to produce multicolor fluorescence. Aromatic stacking and hydrogen bond networks may cause the residues on the side chains of dipeptides to form charge transfer configurations with cyclopentadiene in the nanoparticles. In particular, the ferrocene‐phenylalanine histidine (Fc–FH) dipeptide assembly contains abundant hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen atoms in hydrogen bonds can shuttle between donor and acceptor groups, causing changes in electron configuration to reduce bandgap energy, resulting in an obvious redshift of the emission spectrum and effectively extending the fluorescence spectrum to the visible light range. The stable fluorescence of ferrocene‐diphenylalanine, ferrocene‐phenylalanine tyrosine, and Fc–FH dipeptides can be detected in the visible light range and used for cell imaging, which shows great potential applications in the field of bioimaging.
Design, synthesis, and fungicidal activity of novel N‐substituted piperazine‐containing phenylpyridines against cucumber downy mildew
Authors: Xu Ying , Wang Hongtao , Du Xiaohua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCucumber downy mildew (CDM) is a severe plant disease and affects the yield of cucumber production worldwide. As the resistance toward conventional fungicides is emerging as a ubiquitous issue, it is urgent to discover efficient fungicides with unique structures.RESULTSIn this study, a series of novel phenylpyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Bioassays revealed that most of these compounds possessed excellent fungicidal activities against CDM. Among the phenylpyridine compounds, 2‐(4‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)benzyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)‐6‐phenylnicotinonitrile (C8) [half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 4.40 mg L−1] displayed the highest activity, which was better than those of the commercial fungicides, such as azoxystrobin (EC50 = 42.77 mg L−1) and flumorph (EC50 = 41.94 mg L−1). Furthermore, the molecular electrostatic potential of high‐activity compound C8 indicated that nitrogen atom of the cyano group on the pyridine ring was in the negative region and may easily form hydrogen bonds and allow for electrostatic interactions with potential receptors.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated that the novel N‐substituted piperazine‐containing phenylpyridine derivatives could be further developed as a candidate compound to control CDM.
Effect of nanocurcumin supplementation on the severity of symptoms and length of hospital stay in patients with COVID‐19: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Honarkar Shafie Elaheh , Taheri Fateme , Alijani Neda , Okhovvat Ahmad Reza , Goudarzi Razieh , Borumandnia Nasrin , Aghaghazvini Leila , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Jamalimoghadamsiahkali Saeidreza , Hosseinzadeh‐Attar Mohammad Javad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt has been more than a year since the outbreak of COVID‐19, and it is still the most critical issue of the healthcare system. Discovering effective strategies to treat infected patients is necessary to decrease the mortality rate. This study aimed to determine the effects of nanocurcumin on the severity of symptoms and length of hospital stay (LOS) in COVID‐19 patients. Forty‐eight COVID‐19 patients were randomly assigned into nanocurcumin (n = 24) and placebo (n = 24) groups receiving 160 mg/day nanocurcumin or placebo capsules for 6 days. Mean differences of O2 saturation were significantly higher in patients who received nanocurcumin supplements (p = 0.02). Also, nanocurcumin treatment significantly reduced the scores of domains 3 and 4 and the total score of Wisconsin Upper Respiratory System Survey (WURSS‐24), indicating milder symptoms in the treatment group (p = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.01 respectively). Besides, the LOS in curcumin groups was lower than in the placebo group, although the difference was not statistically significant (6.31 ± 5.26 vs. 8.87 ± 8.12 days; p = 0.416). CBC/differentiate, hs‐CRP level and the pulmonary involvement in CT scan were not different between the two groups. As nanocurcumin can be effective in increasing O2 saturation and reducing the severity of symptoms in COVID‐19 patients, it could probably be used as a complementary agent to accelerate the recovery of patients.
Nintedanib—A case of treating concurrent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dabholkar Shakti , Gao Bo , Chuong Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTreating advanced lung cancer in patients with pulmonary fibrosis can be challenging due to increased risks of drug‐induced and radiation‐induced pneumonitis. We present the case of a 78‐year‐old female with stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Following partial response to platinum‐based chemotherapy, she was started on maintenance pemetrexed, but this was stopped due to bone marrow suppression and kidney injury. She received no further chemotherapy. Nintedanib was subsequently commenced for treatment of IPF. Remarkably, progress imaging at 2 years showed further regression of her lung adenocarcinoma, with stability of IPF. Nintedanib is a multi‐target tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti‐cancer effects due to inhibition of angiogenesis. Nintedanib with chemotherapy has shown improvements in survival in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This case report and literature review discuss the effectiveness of nintedanib in treating patients with concurrent IPF and NSCLC, in particular for patients poorly tolerant of conventional chemotherapy.
Retracted: Officers' foreign language training in educational and information environment of the Higher Military Educational Institution
Authors: Osodlo Vasyl , Rakhmanov Vitalii , Krykun Viktoriia , Tarasenko Nataliya , Aristarkhova Marharyta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a blended learning method on the development of foreign language communicative competence of the officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the educational and information environment of a Higher Military Educational Institution. The foreign language training was carried out at 11 military educational institutions. Nineteen foreign language teachers were enrolled who conducted face‐to‐face training in an online virtual class and used the Moodle platform of the National Defence University of Ukraine named after Ivan Cherniakhovskyi for distance learning. Such a combination of the components (face‐to‐face and distance learning) provided the opportunity for them to implement effectively the case study and project‐based learning activities in an online virtual class and to use simultaneously the information and communication tools of an educational and information environment. In the study, a ‘pre‐test–post‐test’ experimental research design was used. The data collection tool was a proficiency language test according to NATO STANAG 6001 requirements. A difference between the two stages in favour of the results gained after conducting the investigation was revealed. Therefore, it is stated that integrating information and communication technology tools in foreign language training will have positive effects on both the teachers and officers to help them be aware of the modern tools of the information and educational environment.
The Teaching and Learning Toolkit: Communicating research evidence to inform decision‐making for policy and practice in education
Authors: Higgins Steve , Katsipataki Maria , Villanueva Aguilera Alaidde Berenice , Dobson Emma , Gascoine Louise , Rajab Taha , Kalambouka Afroditi , Reardon Jonathan , Stafford Jade , Uwimpuhwe Germaine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article compares and contrasts two versions of the Education Endowment Foundation's (EEF) Teaching and Learning Toolkit (‘Toolkit’), a web‐based summary of international evidence on teaching 3–18 year‐olds. The Toolkit has localised versions in six different languages in Australia, Cameroon, Chile, Jordan and Spain. The initial Toolkit, created in 2011 with funding from the Sutton Trust and updated since then with funding from EEF, drew upon over 250 meta‐analyses across 30 areas of education research. An updated version, drawing on a database of over 2500 single studies from these meta‐analyses was launched in Autumn 2021. This change was motivated by increased interest in evidence‐use in education, and a desire to engage in more rigorous synthesis of primary studies. The article presents the rationale for these changes, outlines the methods adopted to populate and analyse the Toolkit database and presents results from this analysis. Findings indicate that although the broad picture of the relative benefits of the different approaches is similar, a more fine‐grained analysis is possible. This deeper synthesis can provide more specific guidance about what has been successful in the different areas of the Toolkit in research studies and offers opportunities for further refinement and improvement. This increased specificity, however, comes at the cost of greater complexity in the findings and the implications for policy and practice, and it increases the challenge of ensuring findings are both accurate and accessible. A final section reflects on the challenges of summarising evidence from research to inform decision‐making in education.
Tumor‐Selective Biodegradation‐Regulated Photothermal H2S Donor for Redox Dyshomeostasis‐ and Glycolysis Disorder‐Enhanced Theranostics
Authors: Wang Yi , Qian Min , Du Yilin , Zhou Jianglu , Huo Taotao , Guo Wei , Akhtar Muhammad , Huang Rongqin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractH2S‐mediated tumor therapy has received great attention due to its unique physiological activity and synergistical enhancement, but suffers from limited H2S donors with promised biosafety to regulate the H2S delivery and subsequently the elusive pathway to augment the combined therapy. Herein, a PEGylated porous molybdenum disulfide nanoflower (MSP) with abundant defects is facilely synthesized for tumor‐targeted theranostics. MSP possesses good water‐dispersity and high photothermal ability, which is used for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Interestingly, MSP is selectively degraded upon exposure to superfluous glutathione (GSH) within tumor cells, the mechanism of which is investigated, as a reduction‐coordination reaction. This special degradation induces redox dyshomeostasis via GSH depletion for reactive oxygen species‐accumulated chemodynamic therapy. Meanwhile, the selective biodegradation of MSP regulates a sustained H2S release within tumor and achieves a targeted H2S gas therapy via enhancing the glycolysis to acidify the tumor cells (glycolysis disorder). Synergistically, these performances are further enhanced via near‐infrared photothermal heating, where excellent therapeutic outcomes with good biosafety are accomplished in vitro and in vivo. These characteristics, together with the unique biodegradation and no obvious side‐effects of the nanoparticles, suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for precise tumor treatments.
Materials and Interface Designs of Waterproof Field‐Effect Transistor Arrays for Detection of Neurological Biomarkers
Authors: Dong Yan , Chen Shulin , Liu Tzu‐Li , Li Jinghua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe continuous, real‐time, and concurrent detection of multiple biomarkers in bodily fluids is of high significance for advanced healthcare. While active, semiconductor‐based biochemical sensing platforms provide levels of functionality exceeding those of their conventional passive counterparts, the stability of the active biosensors in the liquid environment for continuous operation remains a challenging topic. This work reports the development of a class of flexible and waterproof field‐effect transistor arrays for multiplexed biochemical sensing. In this design, monolithic, ultrathin, dense, and low defect nanomembranes consisting of monocrystalline Si and thermally grown SiO2 simultaneously serve as high‐performance backplane electronics for signal transduction and stable biofluid barriers with high structural integrity due to the high formation temperature. Coupling the waterproof transistors with various ion‐selective membranes through the gate electrode allows for sensitive and selective detection of multiple ions as biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. The study also demonstrates a similar encapsulation structure which enables the design of waterproof amperometric sensors based on this materials strategy and integration scheme. Overall, key advantages in flexibility, stability, and multifunctionality highlight the potential of using such electronic sensing platforms for concurrent, continuous detection of various neurological biomarkers, proving a promising approach for early diagnosis and intervention of chronic diseases.
Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Temporal Diversity and Dynamics of Cardiac Immunity after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jin Kaiyu , Gao Shan , Yang Penghui , Guo Rongfang , Li Dan , Zhang Yunsha , Lu Xiaoyan , Fan Guanwei , Fan Xiaohui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is strongly associated with the temporal regulation of cardiac immunity. However, a variety of current clinical trials have failed because of the lack of post‐MI immunomodulating/anti‐inflammatory targets. Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis of the cardiac Cd45+ immune cell at 0, 3, 7, and 14 d after injury in a mouse left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model is performed. Major immune cell populations, distinct subsets, and dynamic changes are identified. Macrophages (Mø) are most abundant, peaking at 3 d after infarction. Mø‐5 and Mø‐6 are the predominant infiltrated subsets at this time point, with strong expression of inflammatory factors. Further analysis demonstrates that suppressing these sets attenuated pathological MI progression by preventing subsequent leukocyte extravasation and adverse remodeling. Abundant apoptotic neutrophils and a profibrotic macrophage subset on days 7 and 14, respectively, are also detected. These results provide a basis for developing cell type‐ and time‐specific interventions in MI.
Beyond instructional practices: Characterizing learning environments that support students in explaining chemical phenomena
Authors: Ralph Vanessa R. , Scharlott Leah J. , Schwarz Cara E. , Becker Nicole M. , Stowe Ryan L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany conversations surrounding improvement of large‐enrollment college science, technology, engineering & mathematics (STEM) courses focus primarily (or solely) on changing instructional practices. By reducing dynamic, complex learning environments to collections of teaching methods, we neglect other meaningful parts of a course ecosystem (e.g., curriculum, assessments). Here, we advocate extending STEM education reform conversations beyond “active versus passive learning.” We argue communities of researchers and instructors would be better served if what we teach and assess was discussed alongside how we teach. To enable nuanced conversations about the characteristics of learning environments that support students in explaining phenomena, we defined a model of college STEM learning environments which attends to the intellectual work emphasized and rewarded on exams (i.e., assessment emphasis), what is taught in whole‐class meetings (i.e., instructional emphasis), and how those meetings are enacted (i.e., instructional practices). We subsequently characterized three distinct chemistry courses and qualitatively examined the characteristics of chemistry learning environments that effectively supported students in explaining why a beaker of water warms as a white solid dissolves. Furthermore, we quantitatively investigated the extent to which measures of incoming preparation explained variance in students’ explanations relative to enrollment in each learning environment. Our findings demonstrate that learning environments that effectively supported learners in explaining dissolution emphasized how and why salts dissolve in‐class and on assessments. Changing teaching methods in an otherwise traditionally structured course (i.e., a course organized by topics that primarily assesses math and recall) did not appear to impact the sophistication of students’ explanations. Additionally, we observed that learning environment enrollment explained substantially more of the variance observed in students’ explanations than measures of precollege math preparation. This finding suggests that emphasizing and rewarding the construction of causal accounts for phenomena in‐class and on assessments may support more equitable achievement.
Immunogenic and antigenic analysis of recombinant NSP1 and NSP11 of PRRS virus
Authors: Contreras‐Luna María Josefina , Fragoso‐Gonzalez Gladis , Segura‐Velázquez René Alvaro , Cervantes‐Torres Jacquelynne Brenda , Alonso‐Morales Rogelio , Ramírez‐Martínez Luis Alfonso , Ayón‐Núñez Dolores Adriana , Bobes Raúl José , Sánchez‐ Betancourt José Ivan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped RNA virus in the order Nidovirales, familyArteriviridae, genusBetaarterivirus. Antibodies against nonstructural proteins (NSPs) from this virus can be found in pigs starting 4 days postinfection and they remain detectable for several months.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and antigenic properties of recombinant proteins NSP1 and NSP11 expressed inEscherichia colicells, as well as to assess the neutralization activity that they elicit.MethodsWe obtained the completeORF‐1genes coding for NSP1 and NSP11 from PRRSV using the VR‐2332 strain. Cloning was performed with the pET23a(+) vector with a histidine tag (His6), linearized by restriction enzyme digestion; the expression of the NSP1 and NSP11 clones was induced in OverExpress C41(DE3) chemically competent cells. Recombinant proteins were used to generate hyperimmune sera and we perform serological assays to confirm neutralizing antibodies.ResultsThe expressed recombinant NSP1 and NSP11 were found to be immunogenic when injected in pigs, as well as demonstrated higher specificity in recognition of antigen in field sera from pigs positive infected with PRRSV. Furthermore, both NSP1 and NSP11 recombinant proteins elicited PRRSV neutralizing antibodies.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated the immune humoral response to NSP 1 and NSP11, and neutralizing‐antibody response to PRRSV VR2332 strain in sera from hyperimmunized pigs.
Der vermeintliche Siegeszug der Digitalisierung
Authors: Lünich Marco 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung„Der Siegeszug der Digitalisierung ist nicht aufzuhalten.“ So oder so ähnlich liest man es derzeit häufig in Einleitungen von studentischen Hausarbeiten, hört es in den Medien (Breitkopf, 2015) oder aus der Industrie (Siemens, 2017) und in etlichen Büchern, die sich dem vermeintlichen Siegeszug in Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft widmen (Barrat, 2013; Kurzweil, 2005; Nassehi, 2019; Rid, 2017; Tegmark, 2018). Selbstredend kommen alle, die den Satz auf seinen Wahrheitsgehalt prüfen, schnell zu dem Ergebnis, dass er in dieser Bestimmtheit ohne gewisse Einschränkungen oder Relativierungen gar nicht geäußert werden könne.
Big Data und Wissen über Gesellschaft – die Quantifizierung des Sozialen
Authors: Lünich Marco 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn der erwartete Nutzen im Rahmen der Bedeutung des Wissens bereits durchgeklungen ist, muss die Verbindung der zentralen Elemente der vorliegenden Untersuchung, des Erkenntnis- und Nutzengewinns, vor dem Hintergrund der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung digitaler Datenverwertung erläutert und veranschaulicht werden. So ist an dieser Stelle zunächst die Bedeutung von Wissen mit Fokus auf Big Data vor aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen und hiermit verbundenen Nutzenerwartungen zu erörtern. Diese Nutzenerwartungen sollen hierbei mit Blick auf datenverarbeitende Wissensanwendungen anhand zweier Ebenen verdeutlicht werden: der Nutzen für das Individuum und der Nutzen für die Gesellschaft.
Fragen nach der Ausprägung eines Glaubens an Big Data und dessen Einfluss auf Einstellungen zum Einsatz von KI-Anwendungen
Authors: Lünich Marco 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Auswirkungen der gesellschaftlichen Perspektive auf die digitalisierte Welt verdienen es, umfassend analysiert und kritisiert zu werden. Über ihre positiven und negativen Auswirkungen lässt sich jedoch nur diskutieren, wenn man kollektive Wahrnehmungen zunächst tatsächlich aufzeigen kann. Es bedarf daher zuallererst einer empirischen Bestandsaufnahme der Ausprägung und Reichweite jener zuvor skizzierten Elemente einer kognitiven Erwartungshaltung, die als ausgeprägter Glaube an daten-induzierte Erkenntnis und Nutzen bestehen soll.
Ausgewählte narrative Vermittlungsvorkommen von Erzählungen zur imagefördernden (Selbst)Darstellung
Authors: Ackermann Ulrike 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Sinne des einführenden Zitats behandle ich in diesem Kapitel, auf welche Art und Weise Personen auf verschiedenen Internetplattformen Erzählungen gestalten, die im Zuge einer imagefördernden (S)D von Unternehmen entstehen. Hierzu bündle ich ausgewählte und wiederkehrende Realisierungsmöglichkeiten anhand bestimmter Gemeinsamkeiten. Ich fasse die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten unter dem Überbegriff narratives Vermittlungsvorkommen. Präziser gesagt, drückt der Terminus ,Vermittlung‘ aus, dass etwas weitergegeben, kommuniziert wird, während der Begriff ,Vorkommen‘ auf konkrete multimodale Realisierungsmöglichkeiten verweist.