bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Elastic-Plastic Torsion in Strain Hardening Materials
Authors: Chattopadhyay Somnath 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The elastic-plastic problem of torsion of a solid circular bar of a strain hardening material has been studied in this work. The genesis of this study evolves from an experiment on torsion of circular bars where the torsional load (torque) was gradually increased causing the material to yield. The maximum torque caused the bar to go well into the plastic region. The torque-twist curves were generated for bars of circular cross-section made of aluminum. These curves which represent the material stress-strain curves, display strain-hardening characteristics. Upon load reversal, the materials yield in the reversed loading modes with reduced yield strength values displaying the Bauschinger Effect. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the effects of strain hardening on the torque-twist behavior of the materials under monotonic loading. The usual solutions to the elastic-plastic torsion assume elastic-perfectly plastic material behavior. These solutions are limited to cases where complete cross-section is plastic. This is because the elastic-plastic boundaries are generally difficult to find. Experimental solutions can be obtained readily for torsion of circular bars made of perfectly plastic materials using Nadai’s ingenious sand hill analogy. The torque for the case of sections going fully plastic can be directly obtained by determining the volume of the sand heap formed on a circular base (geometrically like the circular cross section of the bar). The analytical elastic-plastic torsion problem reduces to solving a Poisson’s equation with appropriate boundary conditions. The non-homogeneous part involves plastic strains for the strain hardened material, For the case of fully plastic behavior, the nonhomogeneous part is a constant and is amenable for analytical solutions. For the strain-hardened material, the nonhomogeneous part involves plastic strains. The solution therefore is not straightforward and requires the method of successive elastic solutions or successive approximations. It is to be noted that both the total and incremental theories of plasticity furnish the same solution to the torsion problem provided the material is perfectly plastic. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that this will be approximately true for the case of strain hardened elastic-plastic material. Torsion experiments were conducted using circular bars of ductile materials such as steel and aluminum that exhibit strain hardening of various degrees. A good correlation results between the experimentally obtained torque twist characteristics with those obtained analytically. Relevant comparisons were also made with the fully plastic behavior obtained from Nadai’s sand heap analogy as the limiting case.
Validation of a Finite Element Model for Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Clark Sarah , Yap Timothy , Tehrani Mehran 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) process that works well with thermoplastic polymers and is notably inexpensive compared to other AM processes, leading to its increasing popularity for industrial applications. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the thermal histories involved in FFF. In this paper, several simulation cases of increasing complexity are presented, and both a thermocouple and an infrared thermal imaging system are used to validate the simulation results. First, a steady-state case is conducted and simulated to corroborate the two validation tools and to calibrate the thermal emissivity value and conductivity coefficient of the thermoplastic used for testing, in this case, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Next, the thermal camera is tested for its response time by comparing its frame rate to the resulting thermal images. Lastly, MSC Digimat-AM is used to simulate the FFF printing process. It was concluded that infrared thermal imaging is suitable for in-process thermal data collection during FFF printing, but with several limitations, such as low resolution, thermal radiation from the print bed due to the nozzle, and reflections of surroundings off the print bed. Thermocouples can act as aids to calibrate the thermal imaging but affect the cooling rate of the surrounding filament.
Theoretical Evaluation of Heat Transfer in Liver Tumor Microwave Ablation Using a 10-Slot Antenna at High Frequencies
Authors: Qin Yanbin , Li Nanxi , Liu Baolin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microwave ablation (MWA) cures cancer by inserting slender antennas into tumors and producing large amounts of heat to kill cancerous cells. A key challenge is the selective heating of cancer cells without damaging the surrounding tissue, which requires a control of heating power for appropriate temperature distribution. This study established a theoretical simulation model for the microwave ablation of a porcine liver by using a coaxial-slot antenna with 10 slots at high frequencies. The axisymmetric finite element method (FEM) with temperature dependent thermal and dielectric properties was used to describe the MWA distribution in the liver tissue by coupling the electromagnetic wave equations and the bio-heat transfer equations. The results demonstrated that the increase of microwave frequency could improve the therapeutic effect of tumor significantly since it had less collateral damage, more concentrated heated region, and better material response than conventional microwave ablations. For a spherical tumor with 10 mm of radius, the 12 GHz MWA reveals an optimum ablation performance with 21.0% of the collateral damage at the radius direction, and 5.5% of the collateral damage at the axial direction, respectively. The results show that the 12 GHz MWA produces more concentrated heat, causes the greatest difference in temperature-rise between the tumor tissues and the healthy tissues, and significantly reduces the over-treatment region for spherical tumor.
Successful Return to Performance After COVID-19 Infection in an Elite Athlete
Authors: Besson Cyril , Guex Kenny , Schmitt Laurent , Gojanovic Boris , Gremeaux Vincent 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To present training load (TL) and heart-rate variability (HRV) in an elite sprinter monitored before, during, and after a COVID-19 infection until successful return to performance. Methods: TL, subjective morning fatigue (MF), and supine HRV were monitored during a 12-week period. Results: During a high-TL period (training camp), MF and heart rate increased and vagally mediated HRV variables decreased. MF increased and stayed high 3 days after the camp despite decrease in TL. In contrast, 4 days after the camp, heart rate decreased and vagally mediated HRV variables increased, reflecting parasympathetic hyperactivity. Elevated MF and suboptimal training performance led to a PCR test decision, which returned positive. After a 10-day training suspension, TL was progressively increased with low MF and high vagal tone. The athlete was able to return to competition 17 days after medical clearance for return to participation and 1 week later beat his indoor 60-m personal best. Conclusions: In this athlete, COVID-19 infection induced parasympathetic hyperactivity with subjective fatigue. This case report presents how performance capacity was only negatively influenced by a COVID-19 infection in the short term, with a quick and successful return to performance, thanks to state-of-the-art medical management. This highlights the importance of TL and HRV monitoring in return-to-participation and return-to-competition decisions.
The Mézières Method as a Novel Treatment for Elite Spanish Second-Division Soccer League Players With Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lena Orges , Todri Jasemin , Todri Ardita , Azorín Luis Fernández , Fuentes Juan Martínez , Papajorgji Petraq , Sanchez Sergio Hernandez , Castejon Castejon Mercedes , Garzón Martha Cecilia León , Gil Jose Luis Martínez 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy of 24 weeks of treatment with Mézières method in a Spanish elite second-division soccer team with low back pain (LBP), analyzing their state of back health, flexibility, pain, and steps speed.Design:Double-blind randomized controlled trial.Methods:A total of 20 players with LBP from the second soccer division league were allocated equally to the experimental and control groups (n = 10) as per selection criteria and participated in 2 different rehabilitation programs. The postural Mézières method was implemented in the experimental group, whereas the standard European treatment protocol for LBP was implemented in the control group. Both treatments had a twice weekly session of 40 minutes duration for 24 weeks consecutively with a follow-up in the fourth, 12th, and 24th weeks.Results:Multivariate analysis of covariance with the baseline assessment as a covariance showed a significant difference between groups at the 12th and 24th weeks of the treatment for pain and back functionality. A relevant difference between the experimental and control groups was shown only at the 24th week of the treatment (P < .05) for back flexibility. A significant difference between groups was reported for the quality of life scale and steps speed at the 24th week of the treatment (P > .05).Conclusion:The Mézières method showed a positive effect in the elite soccer athletes with nonspecific chronic LBP and can be used as an alternative treatment.
Sorption of NdF3 and ThF4 from the LiF–NaF–KF Melt
Authors: Fedorov Yu. S. , Samonin V. V. , Zotov A. S. , Khrylova E. D. , Spiridonova E. A. , Miroslavov A. E. , Akatov A. A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The sorption of neodymium and thorium fluorides by AG-3 activated carbon from molten alkali metal fluorides LiF–NaF–KF has been studied. The sorption isotherm of neodymium fluoride at 650°C has a pronounced convex and is adequately described by the Langmuir equation. The sorption of thorium fluoride under the same conditions is much weaker than that of neodymium fluoride, which is determined by the size of the neodymium and thorium fluoride complexes. The kinetic dependence of the sorption of neodymium fluoride at a temperature of 650°С is adequately described by a first-order equation for a reversible reaction. The temperature dependence of sorption capacity in the range 550–750°С passes a maximum within 600–650°С.
Effectiveness of acellular dermal matrix graft with a coronally advanced flap for the treatment of Miller Class I/II single gingival recession with thin gingival phenotype: study protocol for a split-mouth randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhan Yalin , Wang Miaozhen , Cao Xiaojing , Liu Feng 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionGingival recession is one of the most common mucogingival deformities requiring surgical correction. The American Academy of Periodontology Regeneration Workshop recommended connective tissue graft (CTG) combined with coronally advanced flap (CAF) for the treatment of Miller Class I and II single-tooth gingival recession. The disadvantages of harvesting autogenous tissue include postoperative bleeding, pain and discomfort at the donor site, restricted tissue supply, increased morbidity and prolonged operative times. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) contains undamaged collagen and elastin matrices that can be used as a substitute for CTG during root coverage procedures. However, the use of ADM is still controversial. The objective of this split-mouth; randomised, controlled, clinical study is to evaluate the long-term effects of ADM graft (ADMG) combined with CAF on root coverage, aesthetics and patient satisfaction for the treatment of single gingival recession with thin gingival phenotype.Methods and analysisForty participants with bilateral Miller Class I/II gingival recession will be randomised to receive an ADMG on one side and CTG on the contralateral side, combined with CAF. Gingival recession depth, gingival recession width and keratinised tissue width will be measured at baseline, 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Mean root coverage, complete root coverage, root coverage aesthetic score, colour change (∆E) and patient satisfaction will be assessed during follow-up visits.Ethics and disseminationThe present study has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSSIRB-202054029). Data of this study will be registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Additionally, we will disseminate the results through scientific journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000033230.
Communication, Coordination, and Security for People with Multiple Sclerosis (COCOS-MS): a randomised phase II clinical trial protocol
Authors: Golla Heidrun , Dillen Kim , Hellmich Martin , Dojan Thomas , Ungeheuer Solveig , Schmalz Petra , Staß Angelika , Mildenberger Vanessa , Goereci Yasemin , Dunkl Veronika , Strupp Julia , Fink Gereon R , Voltz Raymond , Stock Stephanie , Cornely Oliver , Stahmann Alexander , Müller Anne , Löcherbach Peter , Burghaus Lothar , Limmroth Volker , Bonmann Eckhard , Gerbershagen Kathrin , Nelles Gereon , Joist Thomas , Haas Judith , Temmes Herbert , Warnke Clemens 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have complex needs that range from organising one’s everyday life to measures of disease-specific therapy monitoring to palliative care. Patients with MS are likely to depend on multiple healthcare providers and various authorities, which are often difficult to coordinate. Thus, they will probably benefit from comprehensive cross-sectoral coordination of services provided by care and case management (CCM). Though studies have shown that case management improves quality of life (QoL), functional status and reduces service use, such benefits have not yet been investigated in severely affected patients with MS. In this explorative phase ll clinical trial, we evaluated a CCM with long-term, cross-sectoral and outreaching services and, in addition, considered the unit of care (patients and caregivers).Methods and analysisEighty patients with MS and their caregivers will be randomly assigned to either the control (standard care) or the intervention group (standard care plus CCM (for 12 months)). Regular data assessments will be done at baseline and then at 3-month intervals. As primary outcome, we will evaluate patients’ QoL. Secondary outcomes are patients’ treatment-related risk perception, palliative care needs, anxiety/depression, use of healthcare services, caregivers’ burden and QoL, meeting patients’ and caregivers’ needs, and evaluating the CCM intervention. We will also evaluate CCM through individual interviews and focus groups. The sample size calculation is based on a standardised effect of 0.5, and one baseline and four follow-up assessments (with correlation 0.5). Linear mixed models for repeated measures will be applied to analyse changes in quantitative outcomes over time. Multiple imputation approaches are taken to assess the robustness of the results. The explorative approach (phase ll clinical trial) with embedded qualitative research will allow for the development of a final design for a confirmative phase lll trial.Ethics and disseminationThe trial will be conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethics Commission of Cologne University’s Faculty of Medicine. Trial results will be published in an open-access scientific journal and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberGerman Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS) (DRKS00022771).
Research priorities to improve the health of children and adults with dysphagia: a National Institute of Health Research and Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists research priority setting partnership
Authors: Pagnamenta Emma , Longhurst Lauren , Breaks Anne , Chadd Katie , Kulkarni Amit , Bryant Val , Tier Kathy , Rogers Vanessa , Bangera Sai , Wallinger Josephine , Leslie Paula , Palmer Rebecca , Joffe Victoria 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo conduct the first UK-wide research priority setting project informing researchers and funders of critical knowledge gaps requiring investigation to improve the health and well-being of patients with eating, drinking and swallowing disorders (dysphagia) and their carers.DesignA priority setting partnership between the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists using a modified nominal group technique. A steering group and NIHR representatives oversaw four project phases: (1) survey gathering research suggestions, (2) verification and aggregation of suggestions with systematic review research recommendations, (3) multistakeholder workshop to develop research questions, (4) interim priority setting via an online ranking survey and (5) final priority setting.SettingUK health services and community.ParticipantsPatients with dysphagia, carers and professionals who work with children and adults with dysphagia from the UK.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-six speech and language therapists submitted 332 research suggestions related to dysphagia. These were mapped to 88 research recommendations from systematic reviews to form 24 ‘uncertainty topics’ (knowledge gaps that are answerable by research). Four patients, 1 carer and 30 healthcare professionals collaboratively produced 77 research questions in relation to these topics. Thereafter, 387 patients, carers and professionals with experience of dysphagia prioritised 10 research questions using an interim prioritisation survey. Votes and feedback for each question were collated and reviewed by the steering and dysphagia reference groups. Nine further questions were added to the long-list and top 10 lists of priority questions were agreed.ConclusionThree top 10 lists of topics grouped as adults, neonates and children, and all ages, and a further long list of questions were identified by patients, carers and healthcare professionals as research priorities to improve the lives of those with dysphagia.
Exploration of prescribing error reporting across primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Hall Nicola , Bullen Kathryn , Sherwood John , Wake Nicola , Wilkes Scott , Donovan Gemma 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo explore barriers and facilitators to prescribing error reporting across primary care.DesignQualitative semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted to explore facilitators and barriers to reporting prescribing errors. Data collection and thematic analysis were informed by the COM-B model of behaviour change. Framework analysis was used for coding and charting the data with the assistance of NVivo software (V.12). General and context specific influences on prescribing error reporting were mapped to constructs from the COM-B model (ie, capability, opportunity and motivation).SettingPrimary care organisations, including community pharmacy, general practice and community care from North East England.ParticipantsWe interviewed a maximal variation purposive sample of 25 participants, including prescribers, community pharmacists and key stakeholders with primary care or medicines safety roles at local, regional and national levels.ResultsOur findings describe a range of factors that influence the capability, opportunity and motivation to report prescribing errors in primary care. Three key contextual factors are also highlighted that were found to underpin many of the behavioural influences on reporting in this setting: the nature of prescribing; heterogeneous priorities for error reporting across and within different primary care organisations; and the complex infrastructure of reporting and learning pathways across primary care. Findings suggest that there is a lack of consistency in how, when and by whom, prescribing errors are reported across primary care.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to identify cross-organisational and interprofessional consensus on agreed reporting thresholds and how best to facilitate a more collaborative approach to reporting and learning, that is, sensitive to the needs and priorities of disparate organisations across primary care. Despite acknowledged challenges, there may be potential for an increased role of community pharmacy in prescribing error reporting to support future learning.
Effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions for different groups of tobacco users in Sweden: a study protocol for a national prospective cohort study
Authors: Rasmussen Mette , Larsson Matz , Gilljam Hans , Adami Johanna , Wärjerstam Sanne , Post Ann , Björk-Eriksson Thomas , Helgason Asgeir R , Tønnesen Hanne 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTobacco is still one of the single most important risk factors among the lifestyle habits that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. Furthermore, tobacco has a heavy social gradient, as the consequences are even worse among disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. To reduce tobacco-related inequity in health, those most in need should be offered the most effective tobacco cessation intervention. The aim of this study is to facilitate and improve the evaluation of already implemented national tobacco cessation efforts, focusing on 10 disadvantaged and vulnerable groups of tobacco users.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective cohort study. Data will be collected by established tobacco cessation counsellors in Sweden. The study includes adult tobacco or e-cigarette users, including disadvantaged and vulnerable patients, receiving in-person interventions for tobacco or e-cigarette cessation (smoking, snus and/or e-cigarettes). Patient inclusion was initiated in April 2020. For data analyses patients will be sorted into vulnerable groups based on risk factors and compared with tobacco users without the risk factor in question.The primary outcome is continuous successful quitting after 6 months, measured by self-reporting. Secondary outcomes include abstinence at the end of the treatment programme, which could be from minutes over days to weeks, 14-day point prevalence after 6 months, and patient satisfaction with the intervention. Effectiveness of successful quitting will be examined by comparing vulnerable with non-vulnerable patients using a mixed-effect logistic regression model adjusting for potential prognostic factors and known confounders.Ethics and disseminationThe project will follow the guidelines from the Swedish Data Protection Authority and have been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority before patient inclusion (Dnr: 2019-02221). Only patients providing written informed consent will be included. Both positive and negative results will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Information will be provided through media available to the public, politicians, healthcare providers and planners as these are all important stakeholders.Trial registration numberNCT04819152.