bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphetamine‐related intoxications in people living with HIV: An observational study in an emergency department in Barcelona (Spain) from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Perello Rafael , Losada Aelajandra , Chen Qin Jiwei , Supervia August , Salgado Emilio , Smithson Alex , Xipell Marc , Inciarte Alexis , Vallecillo Gabriel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundStimulant drugs, particularly amphetamines, are more commonly implicated in drug‐related deaths in people living with HIV; however, the clinical characteristics of amphetamine‐related intoxication in people living with HIV are poorly described.Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective study in people living with HIV who were admitted for amphetamine‐related intoxication to an emergency department of a teaching hospital between 2018 and 2021. Severe intoxication (SI) was arbitrarily defined as requiring admission to the emergency medical support unit and receiving medical treatment for ≥6 h.ResultsIn total, 170 male patients with a median age of 36.2 + 7.5 years were included in the study. A total of 77 (45.3%) individuals had mental disorders, and 120 (85.7%) had HIV‐1 RNA suppression, with a median CD4 cell count of 696 (interquartile range 490–905). In total, 61 (37.9%) individuals were on ritonavir/cobicistat‐based regimens. Presenting clinical syndromes included agitation in 60 (35.3%) subjects, anxiety in 37 (21.7%), psychosis in 27 (15.8%), chest pain in 26 (15.3%) and altered level of consciousness in 20 (11.7%). SI was observed in 48 (28.2%) individuals, 12 (7.1%) required admission to the intensive care unit, and two (1.2%) died.Altered level of consciousness (odds ratio [OR] 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–18.9; p < 0.01), psychosis (OR 5.8; 95% CI 2.2–15.1; p < 0.01) and suicide attempt (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.8–11.6; p 0.01) were associated with SI in the adjusted analysis.ConclusionsAmphetamine‐related intoxication causes high morbidity in people living with HIV. Healthcare providers serving these patients should consider incorporating harm‐reduction measures in the prevention of amphetamine‐related intoxication.
Compassionate use of long‐acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine for people living with HIV‐1 in need of parenteral antiretroviral therapy
Authors: D'Amico Ronald , Cenoz Gomis Santiago , Moodley Riya , Van Solingen‐Ristea Rodica , Baugh Bryan , Van Landuyt Erika , Van Eygen Veerle , Min Sherene , Cutrell Amy , Foster Caroline , Chilton Daniella , Allard Sabine D. , Ruiter Annemiek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesPhysicians could request compassionate use of oral and long‐acting (LA) cabotegravir + rilpivirine for people living with HIV‐1 under a single‐patient request programme supported by ViiV Healthcare and Janssen. Outcomes are reported.MethodsEligibility criteria included need for parenteral therapy, no primary resistance mutations to cabotegravir or rilpivirine, and established retention in care. Demographic, efficacy, and safety data were obtained from standardized programme applications and quarterly clinical updates. Individuals received a loading dose of LA cabotegravir 600 mg + rilpivirine 900 mg, followed by LA maintenance doses of 400 mg/600 mg every 4 weeks; some received lead‐in oral cabotegravir and rilpivirine.ResultsThrough July 2020, 35 people living with HIV‐1 had data available. The most frequent reason for compassionate use request was chronic non‐adherence due to psychological conditions (n = 15). Of 35 people living with HIV‐1, 28 had detectable viremia (median viral load 60 300 copies/mL) and seven were virologically suppressed at programme entry; 16/28 and 6/7 achieved or maintained virological suppression at data cutoff, respectively. Seven people living with HIV‐1 discontinued for incomplete virological response, six with detectable viremia at initiation; six and four had new reverse transcriptase and integrase mutations at discontinuation, respectively. Six non‐fatal serious adverse events were reported, two considered possibly treatment related. Four deaths were reported; none were treatment related. One individual reported two pregnancies and continued LA dosing.ConclusionsMost people living with HIV‐1 had advanced disease and achieved (16/28) or maintained (6/7) virological suppression with LA therapy. Cabotegravir LA + rilpivirine LA as compassionate use provided a valuable treatment option for individuals with adherence issues with oral therapy and advanced disease.
Bound phenolics release from dried bamboo shoots prepared by different processes during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion: bioaccessibility and bioactivity
Authors: Xiao Jianping , Li Anping , Tang Yumei , Li Dongyang , Yang Pei , Cheng Hexingzi 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn this work, the release pattern of bound phenolics in salt‐dried bamboo shoots (SDBS), steamed dried bamboo shoots (TDBS), fumigation dried bamboo shoots (UDBS) and fermentation dried bamboo shoots (FDBS) during simulated in vitro digestion was studied. The result exhibited that polyphenols in dried bamboo shoots (DBS) mainly existed in the form of bound phenolics, amongst them the content of FDBS was the highest, followed by SDBS and TDBS, and UDBS was the lowest. In addition, release amounts of bound phenolics in SDBS, TDBS, UDBS and FDBS after gastrointestinal digestion were significantly higher than that after gastric digestion, accounting for 19.61%, 19.40%, 45.64% and 19.66% of the total, respectively. Moreover, IC50 values for scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS radicals by gastric and gastrointestinal digestion supernatant for DBS were in a descending order: FDBS, UDBS, SDBS and TDBS. Rutin, p‐coumaric and ferulic acid were discovered to be the predominant compounds in digestion supernatant. Trustworthy, fluorescence microscope pictures of DBS at different digestion stages further confirmed the release regularity of bound phenolics. Therefore, these findings could provide a theoretical support for the optimal processing of DBS.
A Novel starch from bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) seeds: a comparison of its physicochemical, structural, thermal, rheological and pasting properties with conventional starches
Authors: Tarahi Mohammad , Shahidi Fakhri , Hedayati Sara 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn this study, a novel starch was isolated from bitter vetch and its chemical composition, morphology, particle size of the granules, swelling power and solubility, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and rheological, pasting and thermal properties were compared with conventional starches (corn, potato and chickpea). Micrographs exhibited that bitter vetch starch has oval, kidney or irregularly shaped granules with an average size of 28.5 μm. The XRD showed a C‐type pattern with 28.14% crystallinity. Bitter vetch starch had the highest amylose content (33.54%), pasting temperature (77.28 °C) and final viscosity (4983 cP) compared with other starch samples. Also, the storage and loss moduli in bitter vetch starch were higher than corn starch, which suggested bitter vetch starch as a promising new source of starch.
Characterisation of fish tofu fortified with skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) eyeball scleral cartilage biocalcium
Authors: Pudtikajorn Khamtorn , Sae‐leaw Thanasak , Buamard Natchaphol , Zhou Aimei , Ma Lukai , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: August 2022

SummarySkipjack tuna eyeball scleral cartilage biocalcium (SCBC) with reduced particle can be fortified as the source of calcium in fish tofu. Ultrasonication at various times (0–30 min) was applied for the treatment of SCBC. No differences in mean particle size were observed, but the polydispersity index of SCBC decreased with augmenting ultrasonication times. SCBC without ultrasonication treatment at different amounts (0–10.0%) (w/w) was fortified into fish tofu. Breaking force, a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) increased, whereas deformation, L* (lightness) and whiteness index decreased as SCBC levels increased. Likeness scores of appearance, colour, texture, flavour, taste and overall likeness decreased with augmenting levels of SCBC (P < 0.05). No differences in likeness scores for odour and sandy mouth feel were attained, regardless of SCBC amounts added (P > 0.05). Fish tofu fortified with 7.5% (w/w) SCBC had a similar overall likeness score to the control. It showed a denser microstructure with greater ash and calcium contents than the control. Nevertheless, cross‐linking of myosin heavy chain and actin became less when fish tofu was added with SCBC as witnessed by more retained protein bands. Therefore, the addition of SCBC up to 7.5 (w/w) increased the nutritive value of fish tofu without adverse effect on the sensory property.
Self‐efficacy, uncertainty and anxiety among nursing graduates in response to licensing test postponement due to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Zilber Rama , Hazan Hazoref Rivka , Kagan Ilya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the relationships between self‐efficacy, uncertainty and anxiety among nursing graduates waiting for a mandatory nursing licensing test that was postponed due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA total of 352 graduates of nursing education programs participated in this mixed‐methods study. The data were collected using an online questionnaire in June 2020.ResultsThe participants demonstrated high uncertainty and anxiety and low self‐efficacy towards the ability to succeed in the licensing exam. Graduates, who started working, reported lower uncertainty. Self‐efficacy, uncertainty, gender and family status contributed significantly to the explanation of 24% of the variance of the anxiety. The qualitative analysis revealed three themes: (a) emotional distress, cognitive challenge and social implications, (b) consequences for significant others and (c) strengthening of professional values and norms.ConclusionsA significant crisis like a pandemic is accompanied by acute cognitive burden and stressful emotional experiences and creates an unconventional situation that requires unusual solutions. Granting a temporary permit for employment as a nurse following the postponement of a licensing test contributed to the ability of nursing graduates to cope with the situation. Policies to deal with similar situations in the future emergencies should be developed and implemented.
Pelvic floor muscle training: A comparison between medical centres employed women, with and without urinary incontinence
Authors: Liebergall‐Wischnitzer Michal , Hopsink Tamar , Shimony‐Kanat Sarit , Idilbi Nasra , Woloski Wruble Anna , Noble Anita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat is the difference regarding pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) between women with and without UI, employed at a medical centre? There is a dearth of literature comparing PFMT between women with or without UI in the general population and none, specifically, for women employed at a medical centre. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common problem for all ages, including females employed at medical centres. PFMT is the first‐line intervention recommended for women with UI. The study aimed to compare women with and without UI employed at a medical centre, regarding knowledge, source of knowledge and practices of PFMT. This was a cross‐sectional comparative study, with a convenience sample of 323 women who were employed at a medical centre, aged 20–50 years old. Two validated questionnaires were used: The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form (ICIQ‐SF) and a new questionnaire, developed for this study, entitled the PFMT Patient reported Outcome Measures (PFMT‐P). Ethical approval was granted with questionnaire completion and implied consent. Data was analysed by SPSS version 22, including descriptive statistics, independent t‐test and Mann–Whitney. From the 323 participants, 56 (17.3%) had UI (UI group—UIG), 221 (68. 4%) were without UI (continence group—CG), and 46 (14.2%) did not answer the ICIQ‐SF. Most of the participants were nurses (208 [66.5%]). There was a high level of knowledge for both groups without a significant difference between the groups. Regarding knowledge about recommended PFMT frequency, 37 (68.5%) in the UIG knew the correct answer compared to 108 (52.2%) in the CG, p = 0.03. The most common information source for all participants was the internet (79 [28.9%]). Most of the participants did not receive information from nurses, doctors and physiotherapists during their post‐partum period. For both groups, lower scores were found for PFMT practice, 9.9 [6.4] in the UIG, 7.8 [4.10] in the CG, (with a maximum score of 35), p = 0.02. Two hundred and ninety‐five (91%) participants reported that they are not currently practicing PFMT, and of them, 46 (15.6%) would like to learn PFMT. Knowledge and exposure to a source of knowledge regarding PMFT were not translated into actual technique practice. Women with UI practice PFMT more frequently than women without UI. A limitation of the study was that it was cross‐sectional with a convenience sample of women employees with the majority being nurses. This may also have affected the knowledge component, as PFMT is studied in nursing school. Future studies can assess the difference between women with and without UI regarding PFMT who are employed in other work settings, as well as in the general population.
Blocking RAGE improves wound healing in diabetic pigs
Authors: Johnson Jordan M , Takebe Yared , Zhang Geping , Ober Rebecca , McLuckie Alicia , Niedt George W , Johnson Lynne L 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReceptor for Advanced Glycated End‐products (RAGE) is highly expressed in diabetes and impairs wound healing. We proposed that administering an antibody that blocks RAGE will hasten the healing of dorsal wounds in diabetic pigs compared with a non‐immune IgG. Two purpose‐bred diabetic (D) Yucatan minipigs (Sinclair, Auxvasse MO) each underwent 12 2 × 2 cm full thickness dorsal wounds: four wounds received decellularized porcine skin patches (Xylyx Bio, Bklyn NY): four anti‐RAGE Ab (CR‐3) infused patches, four saline infused patches and four wounds were left open. One pig received anti‐RAGE Ab (CR‐3) 1 mg/kg IM q 10 days and other received non‐immune IgG. Wounds were measured at 2 and 4 weeks followed by euthanasia and wound harvesting. At 2 weeks few of the patches appeared to be incorporated into the wound. By 4 weeks all patches in pigs treated systemically with CR‐3 were detached and the wounds almost healed. For all 24 wounds for both pigs regardless of presence of patch or type of patch, the average IgG treated pig wound size at 4 weeks was 69.2 ± 14.6% of initial size and the average CR‐3 treated pig wound size was 40.9 ± 11.3% of initial size (P = 0.0002). Quantitative immunohistology showed greater staining for collagen in the CR‐3 treated wounds compared with IgG treated. Staining was positive for RAGE, Mac, and IL‐6 in the IgG treated wounds and negative in the CR‐3 treated wounds. From these pilot experiments, we conclude that a RAGE blocking antibody given parenterally improved wound healing in a diabetic pig while patches were not effective.
Barium hexaferrites with narrow ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth tailored by site‐controlled Cu doping
Authors: Wu Chuanjian , Wang Wu , Li Qifan , Wei Meng , Luo Quanbang , Fan Yong , Jiang Xiaona , Lan Zhongwen , Jiao Zan , Tian Yin , Sun Ke , Yu Zhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBarium hexagonal ferrites exhibiting unique self‐biasing characteristics have great potential for application in planar microwave devices, such as self‐biased circulators. Cu doping is an effective method to tailor their anisotropy field and ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth to meet the requirements for low‐frequency low‐loss microwave devices. However, the regulation mechanism of Cu doping is still obscure, and its regulation effect is not optimized. Here, the magnetic and microwave properties of two groups of barium hexaferrites with site‐controlled Cu doping are reported. The diffusion dynamics of Cu2+ ions are comprehensively investigated, revealing significant differences in the concentration distribution and polycrystalline morphology, when comparing CuO as a reactant and sintering additive. The accumulation of Cu2+ ions at grain boundaries contributes to the increase in coercivity, whereas the dispersion of Cu2+ ions in crystallites leads to the decrease in the anisotropy field. Moreover, by introducing Cu2+ ions into the interstitial positions of the lattice, barium hexaferrites with a narrow FMR linewidth of 303 Oe and a high remanence ratio of 0.82 are achieved. These results represent the lowest FMR linewidth reported in polycrystalline hexagonal ferrites and prove the great technological value and commercial potential of Cu‐doped barium hexaferrites for next‐generation planar microwave devices.
Biofilms as a microbial hazard in the food industry: A scoping review
Authors: Sharan Manjeet , Vijay Deepthi , Dhaka Pankaj , Bedi Jasbir Singh , Gill Jatinder Paul Singh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyse the literature published during 2001–2020 on biofilm formation of microbes, their detection methods, and association with antimicrobial resistance (if any). The peer-reviewed articles retrieved from 04 electronic databases were assessed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From the 978 preliminary search results, a total of 88 publications were included in the study. On analysis, the commonly isolated pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens. The biofilm-forming ability of microbes was found to be influenced by various factors such as attachment surfaces, temperature, presence of other species, nutrient availability etc. A total of 18 studies characterized the biofilm-forming genes, particularly for S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In most studies, polystyrene plate and/or stainless-steel coupons were used for biofilm formation, and the detection was carried out by crystal violet assays and/or by plate counting method. The strain-specific significant differences in biofilm formation were observed in many studies, and few studies carried out analysis of multi-species biofilms. The association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance was not clearly defined. Further, viable but non-culturable form of the foodborne pathogens is posing an unseen (by conventional cultivation techniques) but potent threat to the food safety. The present review recommends the need for carrying out systematic surveys and risk analysis of biofilms in food chain to highlight the evidence-based public health concerns, especially in regions where microbiological food hazards are quite prevalent.
Dose–response analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 cry- spore reduction on surfaces using formaldehyde with pre-germination
Authors: Gazi Ehsan , Bayliss Marc , O'Sullivan Christine , Butler-Ellis Clare , France Brian , Clapperton Richard M. , Payne Dean , Govan Norman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aim
To establish a basis for rapid remediation of large areas contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores.

Methods and Results
Representative surfaces of wood, steel and cement were coated by nebulization with B. thuringiensis HD-1 cry- (a simulant for B. anthracis) at 5.9 ± 0.2, 6.3 ± 0.2 and 5.8 ± 0.2 log10 CFU per cm2, respectively. These were sprayed with formaldehyde, either with or without pre-germination. Low volume (equivalent to ≤2500 L ha−1) applications of formaldehyde at 30 g l−1 to steel or cement surfaces resulted in ≥4 or ≤2 log10 CFU per cm2 reductions respectively, after 2 h exposure. Pre-germinating spores (500 mmol l−1 l-alanine and 25 mmol l−1 inosine, pH 7) followed by formaldehyde application showed higher levels of spore inactivation than formaldehyde alone with gains of up to 3.4 log10 CFU per cm2 for a given dose. No loss in B. thuringiensis cry- viability was measured after the 2 h germination period, however, a pre-heat shock log10 reduction was seen for B. anthracis strains: LSU149 (1.7 log10), Vollum and LSU465 (both 0.9 log10), LSU442 (0.2 log10), Sterne (0.8 log10) and Ames (0.6 log10).

Conclusions
A methodology was developed to produce representative spore contamination of surfaces along with a laboratory-based technique to measure the efficacy of decontamination. Dose–response analysis was used to optimize decontamination. Pre-germinating spores was found to increase effectiveness of decontamination but requires careful consideration of total volume used (germinant and decontaminant) by surface type.

Significance and Impact of the Study
To be practically achievable, decontamination of a wide area contaminated with B. anthracis spores must be effective, timely and minimize the amount of materials required. This study uses systematic dose–response methodology to demonstrate that such an approach is feasible.
High-throughput assay for effect screening of amphotericin B and bioactive components on filamentous Candida albicans
Authors: Haslene-Hox Hanne , Nærdal Guro Kruge , Mørch Yrr , Hageskal Gunhild , Tøndervik Anne , Turøy Anette Vikenes , Johnsen Heidi , Klinkenberg Geir , Sletta Håvard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput robotic microtiter plate-based screening assay for Candida albicans, optimizing growth conditions to replicate the filamentous biofilm growth found in vivo, and subsequently, to demonstrate the assay by evaluating the effect of nutritional drinks alone and in combination with the antifungal amphotericin B (AmB).

Methods and Results
Candida albicans cultured in a defined growth medium showed filamentous growth in microcolonies, mimicking the morphology of oral mucosal disease (oral candidiasis). Addition of nutrient drinks containing fruit juices, fish oil and whey protein to the medium resulted in changed morphology and promoted growth as free yeast cells and with weak biofilm structures. Minimum inhibitory concentration of AmB on the biofilms was 0.25 μg ml−1, and this was eightfold reduced (0.0038 μg ml−1) in the presence of the nutritional drinks.

Conclusions
The established assay demonstrated applicability for screening of antifungal and anti-biofilm effects of bioactive substances on C. albicans biofilm with clinically relevant morphology.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Candida albicans is the causative agent of the majority of fungal infections globally. The filamentous morphology of C. albicans and the ability to form biofilm are traits known to increase virulence and resistance towards antifungals. This study describes the development of a plate-based in vitro screening method mimicking the filamentous morphology of C. albicans found in vivo. The assay established can thus facilitate efficient antifungal drug discovery and development.