bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing reintroduction outcome: comparison of the juvenile post-fledging dependence period between wild and reintroduced Bonelli’s eagles in two Mediterranean islands
Authors: EGEA-CASAS OLGA , LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ PASCUAL , ÁLVAREZ ERNESTO , CORTONE GIUSEPPE , GALÁN MANUEL , IGLESIAS-LEBRIJA JUAN JOSÉ , VALVO MARIO LO , MARTÍNEZ JUAN , MERLINO STEFANIA , VIADA CARLOTA , VITTORIO MASSIMILIANO DI 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Islands are key areas for biodiversity; however, they are extremely sensitive to anthropic actions. This has led to local species extinctions, especially large predators such as raptors. Consequently, reintroduction and conservation projects aimed at reversing population decline of endangered species have recently gained popularity. Nevertheless, their relatively elevated cost and chance of failure make them controversial, hence assessing their effectiveness is essential. Within the early stages of raptors, the post-fledging dependency period (PFDP) is the one in which individuals must face dangers without having completely developed their skills. Thereby, comparing PFDP patterns concerning reintroduced and wild individuals is of major interest as it would help to plan and improve future conservation actions. We analyzed the behavior of 38 juvenile Bonelli’s eagles (15 reintroduced and 23 wild) tracked through GPS telemetry, tagged as nestlings in two insular environments. The study period encompassed a total of nine-year movement data from reintroduced chicks in Mallorca (Spain) and wild chicks from Sicily (Italy). Movement parameters (i.e., age of first flight, age of dispersal, length of the PFDP, revisits to the natal or release area, and residence time in them) were analyzed together with their behavior during the PFDP for reintroduced and wild individuals. Similar movement patterns were obtained for both origins, although wild individuals revisited the natal site more often and dispersed earlier. Behavior was also similar, it varied throughout the PFDP, observing a more abrupt progress in wild individuals and an earlier development of travelling and hunting behaviors. Observed differences are probably related to food availability, which can improve body condition and thus delay onset of dispersal, together with parental presence, which can prompt an earlier ending of the PFDP by encouraging juvenile independence.
Substance P enhances doxorubicin (Adriamycin)-associated autophagy and reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Chen Fa-Xiu , Hu Jian , Fang Jing , Li Qing-Ling , Wan Qin , Peng Le 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Anthracyclines, including doxorubicin, are some of the most potent anticancer drugs available. However, the use of doxorubicin as a chemotherapeutic agent is severely hindered by dose-limiting toxicity, particularly cardiotoxicity, while degrading other organ systems. Despite years of use and the number of details published on this drug, the understanding of its cellular mechanisms remains limited. Method: Cardiomyocyte grouping was carried out, where H9C2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into a control group, a myocardial model group, an SP(Substance P) group, and an SP antagonist group. For replication in animal models, twelve rats were similarly randomly assigned into a control group, a myocardial model group, an SP group, and an SP antagonist group. Except for the control group, the rats in the other groups were modelled: the rats were injected with adriamycin solution. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, while HE(Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining, TUNEL(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) stain, Western Blot detection, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to detect autophagy levels accordingly. All the results were analysed and carefully interpreted. Results: The tachykinin, substance P, is located mainly in sensory nerves and in the heart, where substance P-containing nerve fibres are often found around coronary vessels, making them ideally situated to detect changes in the myocardial environment. Apoptosis and autophagy are genetically regulated, evolutionary-conserved processes that regulate cell fate and are important for development, normal physiology, and a wide range of diseases. Recent studies show that despite the significant differences between these two processes, their regulation is closely connected and certain regulators are able to control both apoptosis and autophagy.Conclusions: In this study, the influence of substance P was discussed, providing possible molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy mediating heart failure due to doxorubicin therapy. Trial registration: (20192BBGL7D031) 2019-09-17.
Suitability of water quality index methods for assessing groundwater quality in the Ganges River basin area
Authors: Islam Md. Shajedul , Mostafa M. G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study considered three different water quality indices (WQIs) for groundwater data collected from the middle-west part of Bangladesh, and the quantitative results were justified with the globally accepted water quality guidelines. It compared the results between the Canadian WQI with the Weighted Average WQI, and the Canadian WQI and Mierels WQI for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. The results revealed that the Canadian method categorized water as ‘fair’ quality while the Weighted WQI model results showed ‘unsuitable’ for drinking usage. Besides, the Meireles method showed that the water quality is classified as ‘good’ to ‘excellent’, while the categorization of the groundwater using the Canadian method was ‘fair’ to ‘good’ for the suitability of irrigation. When comparing the results of the Canadian method with the Weighted Average technique for drinking, the latter one gave the abnormal results; and pair difference statistics showed the significant negative correlation (r=−0.91) between them. Similarly, the analysis of the two methods (Canadian and Mierels) for irrigation use exhibited that there was no statistical variance between the two techniques at a significant correlation matrix (r=+0.71). The study concluded that the Canadian WQI for drinking and Mierels WQI for irrigation would deliver better results.
Hydrological response in a highly urbanized watershed in China
Authors: Ren Meifang , Villarini Gabriele , Pang Bo , Xu Zongxue , Du Longgang , Wang Yichen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Urbanization has a strong signal on the hydrologic cycle, leading to reduced infiltration and faster and larger runoff. However, the detailed analysis of the contribution of urbanization to different quantiles of discharge is still lacking; particularly, less is known in watersheds that have been experiencing such large and rapid urbanization as those in China. Here, we focus on the Wenyu watershed, a rapidly urbanizing basin located in the Beijing metropolitan area. Using a statistical attribution framework, we examine the hydrological response to the increasing urbanization across a wide range of discharge quantiles, from low to high flows; moreover, we perform analyses at the seasonal scale to capture differences in the physical processes at play during the year. Results indicate that the selected GAMLSS (generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape) models can capture well the variability in streamflow in this highly urbanized basin, with the average Spearman correlation coefficients between observations and the median of the fitted models of 0.84, 0.79, and 0.81 in spring, summer, and winter, respectively. Overall, urbanization played a different role in the different seasons and discharge quantiles. More specifically, we find its strongest impact to be in winter and spring, and for low and median quantiles. The role of precipitation is the strongest in summer, and it increases as we move toward the upper tail of the discharge distribution, especially above the 55th percentile, for which precipitation is selected as the only important predictor. Recycled water, on the other hand, tends to play a more dominant role in winter and spring.
HIGHLIGHTS Urbanization has a strong signal on the hydrologic cycle; however, less is known in watersheds that have been experiencing such large and rapid urbanization. In this research, we focus on a fast urbanizing basin, and the hydrological responses to the increasing urbanization have been examined. The quantification of the impacts of drivers for different discharge quantiles and seasons has been examined. Urbanization plays a decreasing role towards the upper tail of the distribution.
Assessing climate change impacts on hydrology: application to Zacapu and Pastor Ortiz aquifers (Mexico)
Authors: Flores-Fernández Giovanni Carlo , García-Romero Liliana , Sánchez-Quispe Sonia Tatiana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The agricultural and urban water requirements in the Angulo River basin (Mexico) along with land-use change and deforestation have caused great pressure on the region's groundwater availability. The potential climate change impact on groundwater levels of the Zacapu and Pastor Ortiz aquifers is evaluated in this study, using the climate model CMIP5, the hydrological module EVALHID, and the groundwater module AQUIVAL. The regional outputs from three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), for near future (2015–2039) and distant future (2075–2099) projections, indicate that the average annual temperature is expected to increase while a decrease in precipitation is projected over the basin. The assessment of infiltration and water level evolution in these groundwater systems indicates an infiltration reduction between 1.5 and 23%, producing a static level drop between 20 and 30 m in both aquifers.
The monitoring approaches and non-destructive testing technologies for sewer pipelines
Authors: Wang Yajian , Li Pengpeng , Li Jianfeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sewage pipe deterioration has been one of the factors causing huge asset losses and urban hazards worldwide. For more efficient and reliable management, a variety of monitoring and non-destructive testing techniques has been developed for defect inspection and condition assessment of sewer pipes. In the present paper, the monitoring approaches of sewage pipes in the form of operational monitoring, structural monitoring, and durability monitoring are outlined. The fundamentals and features of various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for different target detect locations are presented. The stereo vision, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and laser 3D scanning technologies that might serve to architect the digital twin of the pipeline are also described. What's more, the capabilities and limitations of these technologies are discussed and summarized in tables. Some possible visions for the development of inspection and quantitative evaluation of sewage pipes are also discussed. In practice, it is suggested that visual inspection techniques are the most feasible for the evaluation of underground pipes. In terms of quantitative and automated evaluation, visual inspection robots equipped with stereo vision or laser 3D scanning technology are the most promising.
Investigating Biological Properties of Zinc Oxide/Curcumin Nanocomposites
Synthesized from Stachys byzantina Extract by Green Synthesis
Authors: Roya Safarkar , Elham Hosseinian , Adalat Hosseinian , Hanieh Pourfaraj 
Published: April 2022

Aim and Objective:
Nanotechnology attempts to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles and curcumin have been shown to be antimicrobial agents and
promising anticancer agents, both on their own as well as in combination, and this incorporation
will likely improve these properties via a possible additive effect.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was done by the
distilled extract of Stachys byzantina via the co-precipitation method, which is an economical and
eco-friendly green synthesis method. Then, curcumin was loaded to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Antibacterial
efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against five intracellular bacteria;
moreover, cytotoxicity was evaluated on breast cancer cells.

Results:
To confirm the synthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles, some techniques, such
as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX were used. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of biosynthetic
zinc oxide/curcumin nanocomposites was evaluated against selected bacterial strains. The uniform
spherical nature of the zinc oxide nanoparticles was observed in the FESEM images, with the particle
sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm. The EDX spectrum showed the presence of C, O, and Zn and
curcumin uptake on zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
The zinc oxide/curcumin nanocomposites demonstrated an effective antibacterial effect
in the disk diffusion method against five bacterial species. Furthermore, the zinc oxide/
curcumin nanocomposites showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of breast cancer
cells in the MTT test. Thus, it seems that the synthesized zinc oxide/curcumin nanocomposites
have promising high potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects.
Copper-catalyzed C-N Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of N-sulfonylformamidines
from N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides
Authors: Dai Liyan , Wang Xiaozhong , Zhao Qihang , Fang Yangyang , Cai Menglu , Chen Yingqi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
A broad range of N-sulfonyformamidines, widely used intermediates for drugs, were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields from 2-Pyridinemethanamine as N-source via Copper-catalyzed C-N cleavage. Firstly, N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides were smoothly synthesized via 2-pyridinemethanamine and sulfonyl chlorides, then reacted with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal to obtain the corresponding N-Sulfonylformamidines analogs, during which pyridin-2-ylmethyl and sulfonyl groups were essential for the C-N bond cleavage. The current work presents a valuable complementarity to the synthesis of N-sulfonyformamidines as 2-pyridinemethanamine can provide the N source and sulfonyl chloride,s which could be original materials.

Background:
N-sulfonylamidines have gained considerable attention from schools and industries because of their unique bioactivity. Since Pinner’s strategy, expanding the synthesis methods of N-sulfonylamidines has been the goal of many organic chemists over the past decades. Besides the crash reaction conditions and the participation of undesirable reagents, the production of N-sulfonylamidines commonly required unstable ammonia and azides as the source of nitrogen that hindered the further development and application of N-sulfonylamidine derivatives.

Objective:
The study aims to find a stable N source to replace NaN3 or NH3 to synthesize N-sulfonylamidines from sulfonyl chlorides.

Methods:
Firstly, N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides were smoothly synthesized via 2-pyridinemethanamine and sulfonyl chlorides. Then the reaction conditions of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl) benzenesulfonamides and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) were screened and optimized. The reaction was processed in glycol at 80 ℃ for 8 hours with the addition of 5 mol% Cu(OAc)2·H2O as a catalyst.

Results:
Taking advantage of pyridin-2-ylmethyl, a scope of N-Sulfonylformamidines were synthesized from those N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides under copper-catalyzed C-N bond cleavage.

Conclusion:
This ready synthetic method will be more of a promising inspiration for bioactive compound synthesis and drug development than for an innovative approach to synthesizing N-sulfonylformamidines.
Detecting Oral Cancer: The Potential of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Rai Ritu , Vats Rishabh , Kumar Manoj 
Published: April 2022

Background:Physical inspection is a simple way to diagnose oral cancer. Most cases of oral cancer, on the contrary, are diagnosed late, resulting in needless mortality and morbidity. While highrisk screening populations appears to be helpful, these people are often found in areas with minimal access to health care. In this paper, we have reviewed several aspects related to oral cancer, such as its cause, the risk factors associated with it, India's oral cancer situation at the moment, various screening methods, and the ability of artificial intelligence in the detection and classification purpose. Oral cancer results can be enhanced by combining imaging and artificial intelligence approaches for better detection and diagnosis.Objective:This paper aims to cover the various oral cancer screening detection techniques that use Artificial Intelligence (AI).Methods:In this paper, we have covered the imaging methods that are used in screening oral cancer and, after that, the potential of AI for the detection of oral cancer.Conclusion:This paper covers some of the main concepts regarding oral cancer and various AI methods used to detect it.
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Telmisartan in Type 2 Diabetic or
Pre-Diabetic Patients with Hypertension and Without Heart Failure: The
Rationale and Design of A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lin Gen-Min , Sun Ming-Tsung , Wu Tsung-Jui , Lin Yu-Kai , Lin Yen-Po , Chang Yun-Chen 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Sacubitril/valsartan has revealed superior glycemic and blood pressure control compared with enalapril and irbesartan in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes and in individuals with chronic kidney disease. However, whether the effects of sacubitril/valsartan remain the same in those without heart failure is unknown.

Methods:
A multicenter randomized double-blinded trial will be carried out in five military hospitals in Taiwan for a period of 1 year. Participants with prior cardiovascular diseases and heart failure will be excluded. The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan (97/103 mg once or twice daily) on the temporal changes in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance and blood pressure levels with telmisartan (40 mg once or twice daily) in individuals with stage 1-3 hypertension and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes or prediabetes who have an HbA1c ≥6.0% and a systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg. The inclusion criteria include the age of 35-70 years, women who are not pregnant, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥45 ml/min per 1.73m2 and B-type natriuretic peptide levels <400 pg/ml.

Results:
The sample size is estimated to be 502 participants for randomization according to an assumption of between-person standard deviation in systolic blood pressure of 15 mmHg or in HbA1c of 1.5%, which provides ≥80% power (at p =0.05) to detect a difference in systolic blood pressure of 4 mmHg or in HbA1c of 0.3% at the final follow-up. All participants will receive a comprehensive physical examination and tests for blood cell counts, blood biochemistry, urine analysis, 12-lead electrocardiography and an echocardiography every 3 months.

Conclusion:
All analyses will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle among all randomized participants.
The Savant Syndrome: a Gift or a Disability? A Deeper Look into Metabolic
Correlates of Hidden Cognitive Capacity
Authors: Yulug Burak , Onin Irem , Hanoglu Lütfü 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Savant syndrome is a rare and unusual condition that occurs in the presence of severe
developmental disabilities, disorders, and injuries. The syndrome can be congenital from birth to
childhood or acquired as a result of a brain injury or damage to the central nervous system. There
are several findings that indicate that savant syndrome usually occurs with significant brain metabolism
alterations resulting in critical brain network changes. These types of changes in the
brain are usually explained by the “tyranny of the left hemisphere” theory, which indicates the
inhibition of the left hemisphere to allow the right hemisphere to develop savant abilities. Another
way to temporarily simulate these types of changes in the brain can be through different neuromodulation
techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current
stimulation. Such neuromodulation techniques might help us discover the “hidden talent” potential
through modulating the brain network metabolism. We herein discussed the types of savant
syndrome along with its relation to specific neurometabolic network alterations. Furthermore, we
provide a perspective on how newly developed neuromodulation and cognitive rehabilitation
techniques can help simulate savant syndrome in healthy individuals through modulating the
brain network activity.
Determinants of Moral Distress Among Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Shehadeh Jumana , Almaraira Obay , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman 
Published: April 2022

Background:
It is assumed that understanding moral distress and its correlated factors among mental health professionals would enhance understanding of the ethical dilemmas that mental health professionals are confronting.

Objectives:
To identify moral distress determinants among Jordanian mental health professionals working in psychiatric in-patient settings.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive design was used, employing self-administered questionnaire.

Results:
Two- steps multiple hierarchical regression analysis showed that model 1 that includes the demographic characteristics, was significant with R2 = .151, while in model 2 that included demographics and the psychological characteristics of stress factors, it was found to be also significant R2 = .243.

Conclusion:
Morally distressing environments might diminish the quality of psychiatric care provided as well as the job satisfaction among healthcare providers.
Artificial Intelligence Tools for Suicide Prevention in Adolescents
and Young Adults
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Ramar Dhanvendran , Vijayan Rekha , Gupta Nihit 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Artificial Intelligence is making a significant
transformation in human lives. Its application in the medical and healthcare field
has also been observed to make an impact and improve overall outcomes. There has
been a quest for similar processes in mental health due to the lack of observable
changes in the areas of suicide prevention. In the last five years, there has been an
emerging body of empirical research applying the technology of artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in mental health.

Objective:
To review the clinical applicability of the AI/ML-based tools in suicide
prevention.

Methods:
The compelling question of predicting suicidality has been the focus of
this research. We performed a broad literature search and then identified 36 articles
relevant to meet the objectives of this review. We review the available evidence and
provide a brief overview of the advances in this field.

Conclusion:
In the last five years, there has been more evidence supporting the
implementation of these algorithms in clinical practice. Its current clinical utility is
limited to using electronic health records and could be highly effective in
conjunction with existing tools for suicide prevention. Other potential sources of
relevant data include smart devices and social network sites. There are some serious
questions about data privacy and ethics which need more attention while
developing these new modalities in suicide research.