bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T‐cell stability and functional plasticity in health and disease
Authors: Malviya Vanshika , Yshii Lidia , Junius Steffie , Garg Abhishek D , Humblet‐Baron Stephanie , Schlenner Susan M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFOXP3‐expressing regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable for immune homeostasis and tolerance, and in addition tissue‐resident Treg have been found to perform noncanonical, tissue‐specific functions. For optimal tolerogenic function during inflammatory disease, Treg are equipped with mechanisms that assure lineage stability. Treg lineage stability is closely linked to the installation and maintenance of a lineage‐specific epigenetic landscape, specifically a Treg‐specific DNA demethylation pattern. At the same time, for local and directed immune regulation Treg must possess a level of functional plasticity that requires them to partially acquire T helper cell (TH) transcriptional programs—then referred to as TH‐like Treg. Unleashing TH programs in Treg, however, is not without risk and may threaten the epigenetic stability of Treg with consequently pathogenic ex‐Treg contributing to (auto‐) inflammatory conditions. Here, we review how the Treg‐stabilizing epigenetic landscape is installed and maintained, and further discuss the development, necessity and lineage instability risks of TH1‐, TH2‐, TH17‐like Treg and follicular Treg.
Microstructure and nanomechanical properties of plasma‐sprayed nanostructured Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Zheng Tao , Xu Baosheng , Wang Shun , Guo Donghui , Zhou Feifei , Wang You , Fang Daining 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, nanostructured and conventional Yb2SiO5 coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma. The microstructure and nanomechanical properties of these coatings were compared before and after heat treatment. The results show that the nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coatings have a mono‐modal distribution, and the conventional Yb2SiO5 coatings have a bimodal distribution. Both types of coatings had improved nanomechanical properties after heat treatment. However, the increased elastic modulus and nanohardness of the nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coating were more apparent than those of the conventional Yb2SiO5 coatings. The nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coating had a higher elastic modulus than the conventional Yb2SiO5 coating, reflecting its high density. Subsequently, the microscopic morphology and micromechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed after heat treatment. Defects in the coatings, including pores, and microcracks, were significantly reduced with grain growth after thermal treatment, and the nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coatings had improved healing ability and micro‐mechanical properties.
Pharmacological inhibition of SK‐channels with AP14145 prevents atrial arrhythmogenic changes in a porcine model for obstructive respiratory events
Authors: Linz Benedikt , Hesselkilde Eva M. , Skarsfeldt Mark A. , Hertel Julie N. , Sattler Stefan M. , Yan Yannan , Tfelt‐Hansen Jacob , Diness Jonas G. , Bentzen Bo H. , Linz Dominik , Jespersen Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) creates a complex substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is refractory to many clinically available pharmacological interventions. We investigated atrial antiarrhythmogenic properties and ventricular electrophysiological safety of small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK)‐channel inhibition in a porcine model for obstructive respiratory events.MethodsIn spontaneously breathing pigs, obstructive respiratory events were simulated by intermittent negative upper airway pressure (INAP) applied via a pressure device connected to the intubation tube. INAP was applied for 75 s, every 10 min, three times before and three times during infusion of the SK‐channel inhibitor AP14145. Atrial effective refractory periods (AERP) were acquired before (pre‐INAP), during (INAP) and after (post‐) INAP. AF‐inducibility was determined by a S1S2 atrial pacing protocol. Ventricular arrhythmicity was evaluated by heart rate adjusted QT‐interval duration (QT‐paced) and electromechanical window (EMW) shortening.ResultsDuring vehicle infusion, INAP transiently shortened AERP (pre‐INAP: 135 ± 10 ms vs. post‐INAP 101 ± 11 ms; p = .008) and increased AF‐inducibility. QT‐paced prolonged during INAP (pre‐INAP 270 ± 7 ms vs. INAP 275 ± 7 ms; p = .04) and EMW shortened progressively throughout INAP and post‐INAP (pre‐INAP 80 ± 4 ms; INAP 59 ± 6 ms, post‐INAP 46 ± 10 ms). AP14145 prolonged baseline AERP, partially prevented INAP‐induced AERP‐shortening and reduced AF‐susceptibility. AP14145 did not alter QT‐paced at baseline (pre‐AP14145 270 ± 7 ms vs. AP14145 268 ± 6 ms, p = .83) or QT‐paced and EMW‐shortening during INAP.ConclusionIn a pig model for obstructive respiratory events, the SK‐channel‐inhibitor AP14145 prevented INAP‐associated AERP‐shortening and AF‐susceptibility without impairing ventricular electrophysiology. Whether SK‐channels represent a target for OSA‐related AF in humans warrants further study.
Optimized prime editing efficiently generates heritable mutations in maize
Authors: Qiao Dexin , Wang Junya , Lu Min‐Hui , Xin Cuiping , Chai Yiping , Jiang Yuanyuan , Sun Wei , Cao Zhenghong , Guo Siyi , Wang Xue‐Chen , Chen Qi‐Jun 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYLow efficiency is the main obstacle to using prime editing in maize (Zea mays). Recently, prime‐editing efficiency was greatly improved in mammalian cells and rice (Oryza sativa) plants by engineering prime‐editing guide RNAs (pegRNAs), optimizing the prime editor (PE) protein, and manipulating cellular determinants of prime editing. In this study, we tested PEs optimized via these three strategies in maize. We demonstrated that the ePE5max system, composed of PEmax, epegRNAs (pegRNA‐evopreQ. 1), nicking single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), and MLH1dn, efficiently generated heritable mutations that conferred resistance to herbicides that inhibit 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS), acetolactate synthase (ALS), or acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) activity. Collectively, we demonstrate that the ePE5max system has sufficient efficiency to generate heritable (homozygous or heterozygous) mutations in maize target genes and that the main obstacle to using PEs in maize has thus been removed.
Initiating and Supporting Breastfeeding: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Pommeret‐de Villepin Brune , Barasinski Chloé , Rigourd Virginie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExclusive breastfeeding is recommended for children for the first 4 to 6 months of life, with complementary foods added thereafter. It is the most ecological way of protecting the child's and mother's health. Training of health professionals is required to avoid transmitting inconsistent information in 3 areas: 1) implementing these 3 predictors: safe skin‐to‐skin, first breastfeed, and rooming‐in 24/7; 2) teaching and monitoring: i) early signs of waking and feeding rhythms, ii) positioning and latching, and iii) signs of effective transfer; and 3) referring women to specialized support services if difficulties arise (eg, inadequate milk production, pain, cracked nipples, engorgement). Breastfeeding should continue during mastitis or an abscess. Ultrasound‐guided needle aspiration is beneficial in treating an abscess.Précis: Information is provided to enable health professionals to better support breastfeeding and help women with the most common difficulties, thus promoting breastfeeding initiation and duration.
Weight Changes, Nutritional Intake, Food Contaminants, and Supplements in Women of Childbearing Age, including Pregnant Women: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Lecorguillé Marion , Camier Aurore , Kadawathagedara Manik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdequate maternal nutrition is crucial for a healthy pregnancy and optimal fetal growth. Many women in France of childbearing age start their pregnancy in an unfavorable nutritional status. Recent studies highlight the value of paying attention to weight issues from the preconceptional period. It is important to call attention to the need for folate supplementation and to promote a varied and balanced diet throughout pregnancy to cover essential nutritional needs.
Physical Activity During the Perinatal Period: Guidelines for Interventions During the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Boisseau Nathalie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this review is to provide an update on the beneficial effects of regular physical activity and/or less sedentary behavior before, during, and after pregnancy, based on data from the scientific literature and the recommendations of expert committees. In the preconception period, it is recommended that women perform 30 minutes to 1 hour of moderate‐to‐high intensity physical activity per day, at least 5 days a week, and avoid the absence of any physical activity for 2 consecutive days. Pregnant women should: i) start or continue to perform moderate‐intensity physical activity (up to 150 min/wk with at least 3 sessions longer than 30 min), ii) start or continue to do muscle strengthening activity involving the large muscle groups (once or twice a week). In the absence of medical contraindications, it is recommended that they continue physical activity (at least 30 min/d) during the postpartum period. Sedentary time must be limited, if possible, to less than 7 hours a day, regardless of the period.
Domestic Exposure to Chemicals in Household Products, Building Materials, Decoration, and Pesticides: Guidelines for Interventions During the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Rousseau Mélie , Rouzeau Camille , Bainvel Justine , Pelé Fabienne 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionWe are exposed to numerous pollutants inside our homes. The perinatal period represents a particular window of vulnerability during which these exposures can have negative health effects over a more or less long term. The objective of this article is to formulate guidelines for health care professionals and intended for parents to reduce exposure to chemical pollutants at home, based on the scientific literature and already existing guidelines.MethodsWe have followed the methodological procedures set forth by the French authority for health (HAS) to establish guidelines to limit exposure to pollutants in homes. This narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted with two principal objectives: (1) to identify priority substances emitted within homes and that have a reprotoxic potential and (2) to identify measures to limit exposure to these residential pollutants. The guidelines were developed from the data in the literature and from advice already made available by diverse institutions about environmental health during the perinatal period.ResultsDomestic pollutants are numerous and come from both common (that is, shared, eg, painting, cleaning, and maintenance work) and specific (use of household pesticides) sources. Numerous pollutants are suspected or known to produce developmental toxicity, that is, to be toxic to children during developmental stages. Removing some products from the home, protecting the vulnerable (ie, pregnant women and young children) from exposure, and airing the home are among the preventive measures proposed to limit exposure to these chemical substances.ConclusionHealth care professionals can provide advice to parents during the perinatal period to diminish exposure to household pollutants. The lack of interventional studies nonetheless limits the level of evidence for most of these recommendations.
Melanated Group Midwifery Care: Centering the Voices of the Black Birthing Community
Authors: Liese Kylea , Stewart Karie , Pearson Pam , Lofton Saria , Mbande Tayo , Patil Crystal , Liu Li , Geller Stacie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccess to safe and dignified pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences is a fundamental right for all pregnant and postpartum people. In the United States, systemic racism fuels distrust and disengagement in a health care system that continues to dehumanize the Black community. The respectful maternity care literature explains how these systemic, structural, and institutional failings produce maternal health disparities and expose a pattern whereby Black women receive less adequate maternity care. The implementation of trustworthy policies and practices is urgently needed because no single intervention has or will substantially reduce maternal disparities. The purpose of this article is to describe a multicomponent maternity care innovation, Melanated Group Midwifery Care (MGMC). MGMC was codesigned with community partners and is responsive to the needs and desires of Black women, making MGMC a culturally adapted and patient‐centered model. Racial concordance among care providers and patients, group prenatal care, perinatal nurse navigation, and 12 months of in‐home postpartum doula support are 4 evidence‐based interventions that are bundled in MGMC. We posit that a model that restructures maternity care to increase health system accountability and aligns with the needs and desires of Black pregnant and postpartum people will increase trust in the health care system and result in better clinical, physical, emotional, and social outcomes.
Barriers and facilitators to primary care engagement for people who inject drugs: A systematic review
Authors: Heidari Omeid , Tormohlen Kayla , Dangerfield Derek T. , Tobin Karin E. , Farley Jason E , Aronowitz Shoshana V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeople who inject drugs (PWID) have a greater burden of multimorbid chronic diseases than the general population. However, little attention has been paid to the engagement in primary care for services related specifically to injection drug use and management of underlying chronic comorbid diseases for this population. This systematic review identified facilitators and barriers to healthcare engagement in the primary care setting among PWID.Design and MethodsStudies were identified by a literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE, and by searching the references of retrieved articles. Studies were included if they measured active injection drug use, and outcomes related to primary care engagement characterized by: diagnosis of a health condition, linkage or retention in care, health condition‐related outcomes, and reported patient–provider relationship.ResultsTwenty‐three articles were included. Using the behavioral model, factors within predisposing, enabling, need, and health behavior domains were identified. Having co‐located services and a positive patient–provider relationship were among the strongest factors associated with healthcare utilization and engagement while active injection drug use was associated with decreased engagement.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the only review of evidence that has examined factors related to primary care engagement for people who inject drugs. Most articles were observational studies utilizing descriptive designs. Although the assessment of the evidence was primarily rated ‘Good’, this review identifies a significant need to improve our understanding of primary care engagement for PWID. Future research and intervention strategies should consider these findings to better integrate the holistic care needs of PWID into primary care to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with injection drug use and chronic disease.Clinical relevancePrimary care engagement is important for preventative care, early diagnosis of disease, and management of chronic diseases, including addressing problems of substance use. This review highlights factors nurses can utilize to facilitate primary care engagement of PWID.
Protein microarray allergen profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of horses with asthma
Authors: Wyler Michelle , Sage Sophie Elena , Marti Eliane , White Samuel , Gerber Vinzenz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic value of allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in horses with asthma is uncertain. A recently developed protein microarray detected abnormally high latex‐specific IgE concentrations in the serum of horses with severe asthma.ObjectivesThe main objective was to characterize the IgE profiles of asthmatic horses in Switzerland using a protein microarray platform in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The secondary objective was to determine whether serological and BALF allergen‐specific IgE concentrations correlated.AnimalsForty‐four asthmatic and 39 control horses ≥5 years of age.MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study investigated the sensitization profiles of horses with asthma compared with environmentally matched healthy controls. Both serum and BALF were analyzed using the protein microarray. Partial least square‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was used to identify and rank the importance of the allergens for class detection (ie, asthma vs control), with a variable influence on the projection (VIP) >1 considered significant.ResultsThe allergens that best discriminated (VIP >1) asthmatic horses from controls were proteins derived from fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus), insects (Culicoides spp.), and latex (Hevea brasiliensis). The serological model predictive ability was markedly inferior (area under the curve [AUC] 0.585, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.454‐0.747) to that of the BALF (AUC 0.751, 95% CI: 0.582‐0.866). The two models shared nine allergens, of which eight showed significant weak to moderate correlations.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe concentrations of several allergen‐specific IgE were higher in asthmatic horses. The protein microarray performed better on BALF than serum for detection of asthma. Serological IgE concentrations do not closely correlate with BALF concentrations and should be interpreted with caution.
Assessment of petrologic subtypes, subgroups, and pairing within CV chondrites in the US Antarctic meteorite collection
Authors: Righter Kevin , Jakubek Ryan S. , Fries Marc D. , Schutt John , Pando Kellye , Harrington Roger 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbonaceous chondrites of the Vigarano group (CV) are primitive (nearly un‐metamorphosed) meteorites that provide a wealth of information about the early solar system, including constraints on chondrule formation, origin of calcium‐aluminum inclusions, stability of organic compounds, and redox conditions. The US Antarctic meteorite collection contains 119 CV samples from 15 dense collection areas (DCAs) from the TransAntarctic Mountains; these samples have been assigned a preliminary classification as CVs, but not to the subgroups oxidized A, oxidized B, and reduced. Furthermore, variation in petrologic grade can be determined non‐destructively using Raman spectroscopy. To update the classification of both subgroups and petrologic types in the collection, we have acquired magnetic susceptibility, metal and sulfide compositions, and Raman spectra. Overall, there are 55 oxidized A samples, 18 oxidized B samples, and 46 reduced samples. Several of the CVs are quite primitive (Lewis Cliffs Ice Tongue and MacAlpine Hills) but are also very small. Multiple pairing groups have been identified in the Miller Range (MIL), Queen Alexandra Range, and Larkman Nunatak DCAs, including all of the subgroups. In MIL 090981, there is evidence for multiple lithologies. We make suggested updates for all the samples, knowing that this information will help to better guide researchers interested in studying the CV chondrites in the US Antarctic meteorite collection.
Metabarcoding of trap nests reveals differential impact of urbanization on cavity‐nesting bee and wasp communities
Authors: Dürrbaum Ellen , Fornoff Felix , Scherber Christoph , Vesterinen Eero J. , Eitzinger Bernhard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUrbanization is affecting arthropod communities worldwide, for example by changing the availability of food resources. However, the strength and direction of a community's response is species‐specific and depends on species' trophic level. Here, we investigated interacting species at different trophic levels in nests of cavity‐nesting bees and wasps along two urbanization gradients in four German cities using trap nests. We analysed bee and wasp diversity and their trophic interaction partners by metabarcoding the DNA of bee pollen and preyed arthropods found in wasp nests. We found that the pollen richness increased with increasing distance from city centres and at sites characterized by a high percentage of impervious and developed surface, while the richness of pollinators was unaffected by urbanization. In contrast, species richness of wasps, but not their arthropod prey, was highest at sites with low levels of urbanization. However, the community structure of wasp prey changed with urbanization at both local and regional scales. Throughout the study area, the community of wasps consisted of specialists, while bee species were generalists. Our results suggest that Hymenoptera and their food resources are negatively affected by increasing urbanization. However, to understand distribution patterns of both, wasps and bees in urban settings other factors besides food availability should be considered.
Living with chronic infection: Persistent immunomodulation during avirulent haemoparasitic infection in a wild rodent
Authors: Taylor Christopher H. , Friberg Ida M. , Jackson Joseph A. , Arriero Elena , Begon Mike , Wanelik Klara M. , Paterson Steve , Bradley Janette E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractApicomplexans are a protozoan phylum of obligate parasites which may be highly virulent during acute infections, but may also persist as chronic infections which appear to have little fitness cost. Babesia microti is an apicomplexan haemoparasite that, in immunocompromised individuals, can cause severe, potentially fatal disease. However, in its natural host, wild field voles (Microtus agrestis), it exhibits chronic infections that have no detectable impact on survival or female fecundity. How is damage minimized, and what is the impact on the host's immune state and health? We examine the differences in immune state (here represented by expression of immune‐related genes in multiple tissues) associated with several common chronic infections in a population of wild field voles. While some infections show little impact on immune state, we find strong associations between immune state and B. microti. These include indications of clearance of infected erythrocytes (increased macrophage activity in the spleen) and activity likely associated with minimizing damage from the infection (anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity in the blood). By analysing gene expression from the same individuals at multiple time points, we show that the observed changes are a response to infection, rather than a risk factor. Our results point towards continual investment to minimize the damage caused by the infection. Thus, we shed light on how wild animals can tolerate some chronic infections, but emphasize that this tolerance does not come without a cost.
Financial dynamics in the medium run
Authors: Watanabe Toshio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe develop a medium‐run dynamic model to investigate the effects of financial factors and production technique on a capitalist economy. We incorporate neoclassical elements and contributions of Keynes, Kalecki, and Minsky into the model. We formulate a price decision and endogenous money supply mechanism. The medium‐run steady state is constrained by the normal capacity utilization rate. Moreover, the economy can become endogenously unstable if bank lending reacts excessively to the firm's profit rate. In a stable economy, an increase in the target‐inflation rate increases the expected inflation rate and interbank rate but does not affect the optimal labor‐capital ratio.