bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Effect of Rapid Versus Delayed-result Procalcitonin Testing on Antibiotic Use at a Community Hospital
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth , White Brittany , Goodwin Emily , Alkhateeb Fadi , White Cyle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Procalcitonin is a serum biomarker used to distinguish bacterial infection from viral or noninfectious syndromes. Primary literature shows mixed data on use of procalcitonin for de-escalation of antimicrobials. Delays in test results of send-out procalcitonin assays may result in prolonged antimicrobial durations. It is unknown whether availability of in-house assays may shorten time to antibiotic de-escalation. Aim: This retrospective, cohort study compared antibiotic durations of treatment between groups with a rapid-result versus a delayed send-out, procalcitonin test modality.This study was exempt from Ethics Committee Approval, as determined by the Institutional Review Board at the study site.Methods: Adult hospitalized patients were included if they had at least one procalcitonin test performed during the study period. The primary outcome compared mean duration of antimicrobial therapy between groups receiving a rapid-result procalcitonin test and a delayed-result test. Secondary outcomes included incidence of Clostridiodes difficile infection, mention of procalcitonin testing in the electronic medical record in reference to antimicrobial therapy decision making, and presence of comorbidities which affect procalcitonin levels independent of infection.Results: A total of 350 lab results were analyzed. The duration of antimicrobial treatment between groups was not statistically different with the median duration of treatment in the send-out group being 2.95 days compared to 3.35 in the in-house group, p=0.856. Patient comorbidities with potential to lead to a noninfectious elevation or falsely high level of procalcitonin were common. Conclusion: Use of a rapid-result procalcitonin assay does not reduce hospital antimicrobial therapy duration as compared with send-out testing.
Validation of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in Infants and Toddlers from Mainland China
Authors: Chen Xianrui , Lin Xiaoxia , Xu Ping , Chen Yanhui , Chen Shan , Yao Yonghua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A Chinese version of the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) has been validated for 5 to 16-year olds. However, the assessment tool of sleep disturbance in infants and young children from mainland China is relatively rare and limited, and clinicians cannot objectively, accurately, and comprehensively screen for early detection and intervene to treat them. Background:To evaluate the reliability and validity of SDSC among infants (aged 6 months to 36 months) in mainland China, and to provide a reference for expanding the application of the SDSC for the Chinese infants (SDSC-I). Methods: From April to November 2021, parents of infants from Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Longyan, Sanming and Nanping in Fujian Province completed the SDSC which is specifically for infants and toddlers. The reliability and validity of the scales were estimated by item analysis, standard Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factorial analyses (CFA) and other measurement characteristics. Results: 432 out of 469 samples were valid. Through item selections and exploratory factory analysis, the SDSC-I concluded 6 dimensions (Disorders of Initiating Sleep, Disorders of Maintaining Sleep, Sleep Hyperhidrosis, Sleep Breathing Disorders, Parasomnias, and Non-Restorative Sleep and Excessive Somnolence) including 23 items. Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.863, for the 6 dimensions were within 0.576–0.835. The values of parameters for content validity of the scale were: IR = 0.87, I-CVI > 0.78, Kappa value > 0.74, S-CVI/UA = 0.87, S-CVI/Ave = 0.98. Principal component analysis revealed that, the KMO value was 0.84, the factor loading of items ranged from 0.328–0.849, with 6 factors of eigenvalue > 1, which could explain 58.274% of the total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed: χ2/DF was 3.556, RMSEA was 0.077, CFI was 0.809, and SRMR was 0.070. Conclusions: The SDSC-I has been proved to be reliable and valid, and it can assess the sleep problems of infants in a comprehensive and detailed manner. Therefore, the scale is useful for early screening and adetection of sleep disorders by clinicians, and is worthy of popularization and application.
SSR markers in revealing extent of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among chickpea core collection accessions for Western Himalayas
Authors: Mir Reyazul Rouf , Mir ASMA Hamid , BHAT MOHD ASHRAF , Fayaz Humaira , Wani Aijaz A , Dar Sher A , Maqbool Showkat , Yasin Mohammad , Mir Javid Iqbal , Khan Mohd Anwar , Sofi Parvaze A , El-Sappah Ahmed H , Thudi Mahendar , Varshney Rajeev K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The exploration of genetic diversity is the key source of germplasm conservation strategies and the potential to widen its genetic base. The globally growing demand for chickpea suggests superior/climate-resilient varieties, which in turn necessitatesthe germplasm characterization to unravel underlying genetic variation. Methodology and Results: A chickpea core collection comprising of diverse 192 accessions which include cultivated Cicer arietinum, and wild C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum, and C. microphyllum specieswere investigated to analyze their genetic diversity and relationship, by assaying 33 unlinked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results amplifieda total of 323 alleles, ranging from 2 to 8withan average of4.25 alleles per locus. Expected heterozygosity (He) differed from 0.46 to 0.86 with an average of 0.68. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.73 to 0.98 with an average of 0.89. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most of the variation was among individuals (87%). Cluster analysis resulted in the formation of four distinct clusters. Cluster I represented all cultivated and clusters II, III, and IV comprised a heterogeneous group of cultivated and wild chickpea accessions. Conclusion: We report considerable diversity and greater resolving power of SSR markers for assessingvariability and interrelationship among the chickpea accessions. The chickpea core is expected to be an efficient resource for breeders for broadening its genetic base and provides useful insight for selective breeding of desirable traits and in the identification of target genes for genomics-assisted breeding. Keywords: Chickpea, Core collection, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, Cluster analysis.
Correlation Analysis of Metabolic Characteristics and the Risk of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xie Xuancheng , Yang Jinhui , Zheng Mengyao , Guo Weibo , Zhou Ying , Xiang Zhao , Li Yuting 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore the risk factors of MAFLD-HCC, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of metabolic characteristics on the risk of MAFLD-HCC. We retrospectively analyzed 135 MAFLD-HCC patients who were treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2015 to December 2020 and 137 MAFLD patients as the control group. Independent and joint effects of metabolic traits on the risk of HCC were evaluated. Each metabolic feature was significantly correlated with the increased risk of MAFLD-HCC (p < 0.05); obesity had the strongest correlation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.66–5.70). In patients with superimposed features, HCC risk was higher with more metabolic features (p < 0.05). Patients with concurrent obesity, prediabetes, and hypertension had the highest risk of HCC (adjusted OR = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.47–21.78). The correlation between metabolic characteristics and risk of MAFLD-HCC in patients without cirrhosis was basically consistent with the overall analysis. Metabolic characteristics increase the risk of MAFLD-HCC, and the risk is positively correlated with the number of metabolic characteristics. Obesity has the strongest correlation with HCC.
Transcriptional Waves Induced by ATP and LPS in Primary Microglial Culture Reveal Multiple Inflammatory States
Authors: Linial Michal , Zohar Keren , Lezmi Elyad , Reichert Fanny , Eliyahu Tsiona , Rotshenker Shlomo , Weinstock Marta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The primary role of microglia is to respond effectively to various disturbances to maintain brain homeostasis. In this study, we stimulated murine neonatal microglial cells with benzoyl ATP (bzATP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monitored their ability to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines together with the changes in the transcriptome of the culture. Activation by bzATP, an agonist of purinergic receptors, induces a short-lived wave of transcriptional changes. However, a long-lasting transcriptional profile affecting thousands of genes occurs already at 3 hours after activation with a combination of bzATP and LPS. The transcriptomic profile is dominated by induced cytokines (e.g., IL1-a and IL1-b) and chemokines, in addition to upregulation of cytokine membrane receptors and their direct regulators. We identified the TNF and NF-kB signaling pathways as the principal hubs for many differentially expressed genes. Many of the reported inflammatory-related genes were upregulated by orders of magnitude. We conclude that the kinetics of microglial activation and specific combinations of stimuli yield coordinated and robust transcriptional waves. We propose that the primary microglia culture could be beneficial for studying brain inflammation associated with aging, injury, and neurodegenerative diseases.
RRP9 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Via Activating AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhiqi , Yu Haitao , Yao Wenyan , Zhu Na , Miao Ran , Liu Zhiquan , Song Xuwei , Xue Chunhua , Cai Cheng , Cheng Ming , Zhang Xiaoping , Lin Ke , Qi Dachuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy regarding digestive system, which is the fourth leading factor of cancer-related mortalities in the globe. Prognosis is poor due to diagnosis at advanced disease stage, low rates of surgical resection, and resistance to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In order to develop novel therapeutic strategies, further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying PC chemoresistance is required. Ribosomal RNA biogenesis has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) is responsible for post-transcriptional modifications of ribosomal RNAs during biogenesis, which have been identified as potential markers of various cancers. Here, we investigate the U3 snoRNA-associated protein RRP9/U3-55K along with its role in the development of PC and gemcitabine resistance.MethodsqRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining assays were employed to detect RRP9 expression in human PC tissue samples and cell lines. RRP9-overexpression and siRNA-RRP9 plasmids were constructed to test the effects of RRP9 overexpression and knockdown on cell viability investigated by MTT assay, colony formation, and apoptosis measured by FACS and western blot assays. Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining and luciferase assays were utilized to demonstrate a relationship between RRP9 and IGF2BP1. A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was elucidated in BALB/c nude mice to examine the RRP9 role in PC in vivo.ResultsSignificantly elevated RRP9 expression was observed in PC tissues than normal tissues, which was negatively correlated with patient prognosis. We found that RRP9 promoted gemcitabine resistance in PC in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, RRP9 activated AKT signaling pathway through interacting with DNA binding region of IGF2BP1 in PC cells, thereby promoting PC progression, and inducing gemcitabine resistance through a reduction in DNA damage and inhibition of apoptosis. Treatment with a combination of the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 and gemcitabine significantly inhibited tumor proliferation induced by overexpression of RRP9 in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsOur data reveal that RRP9 has a critical function to induce gemcitabine chemoresistance in PC through the IGF2BP1/AKT signaling pathway activation, which might be a candidate to sensitize PC cells to gemcitabine.
HLA Genotype is Associated With Clinical Outcomes to anti-PD1 Therapy in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Khattak Muhammad A , Oey Oliver , Gandhi Aesha , Reid Anna L , Abed Afaf , Calapre Leslie , Morici Michael , Chopra Abha , Meniawy Tarek , Millward Michael , Ziman Melanie , Gray Elin S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are currently being evaluated in many studies. We evaluated whether germline Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) status can influence the response to immunotherapy.Materials and Methods:Advanced melanoma patients undergoing treatment with pembrolizumab were recruited between August 2014 to January 2020. 121 patients were recruited, with a median follow up of 40.1 months. We dichotomised the cohort based on homozygosity in one or more HLA-I alleles (n=29) and those with maximal heterozygosity (n=84).Results:Our analysis did not show any association between HLA-I homozygosity and PFS (HR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.60-1.87, p = 0.83) or OS (HR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.51-1.191, p = 0.97). Similarly, we did not find any impact of HLA-II homozygosity (46 homozygous and 67 heterozygous) on PFS (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.66-1.79, p = 0.741) or OS (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 0.80-2.85, p = 0.19). Notably, the HLA-B27 supertype was associated with reduced PFS (HR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.19-4.02, p=0.02), and OS (HR:2.20, 95% CI:1.85-4.47, p=0.0075). Multivariate analyses confirmed that the HLA-B27 genotype is an independent predictor of shorter PFS and OS. The HLA-B27 association with reduced OS was validated in an independent cohort of 114 cases from the MSK-IMPACT cohort (HR 3.17, 95% CI: 1.01-10.01, p=0.01).Conclusions:Patients with HLA-B27 supertype have worse prognosis compared to non-carriers and may predict reduced response to ICI therapy.
Hymenobacter erythromyxa sp. nov., and Hymenobacter radioresistens sp. nov., Gamma and UV radiation resistant bacteria isolated from a Gamma ray irradiated soil
Authors: Park Yuna , Maeng Soohyun , Oh Hye Jin , Bang Minji , Jeon Ji Young , Lim Chi Hong , Lim Sangyong , Jung Hee Young , Kim Myung Kyum , Sriniva Sathiyaraj 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two Gram-negative, gamma and UV tolerant bacterial strains, DG25AT and DG25BT, were isolated from soil samples exposed to 3kGy gamma radiation collected in Seoul, Korea. The cells grown on R2A agar at 25 °C were pink to red in colour. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strains belong to the genus Hymenobacter. The closest degrees of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to these strains, DG25AT and DG25BT, were found with Hymenobacter tibetensis NRRL B-51271T (96.5% and 96.6%, respectively). The multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) tree based on the 14 housekeeping genes suggested that these two strains are distinct from other Hymenobacter species and represent novel candidates. The G+C contents of genomic DNA of DG25AT and DG25BT are 57.2 and 56.8 mol%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the strains contain iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:1 ω5c, summed feature3 (C16:1 ω7c/ C16:1 ω6c), and summed feature4 (anteiso B-C17:1 / iso I- C17:1) as the major fatty acids, and major polar lipid for both strains was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In addition, the strains showed resistance to gamma and UV radiation. Based on these data, each of strains DG25AT and DG25BT should be classified as a novel species, for which the names Hymenobacter erythromyxa sp. nov. (DG25AT =KCTC 32451T= JCM 19445T) and Hymenobacter radioresistens sp. nov., are proposed (DG25BT = KCTC 32452T = JCM 19444T).
Computer–controlled Intraligamentary local anaesthesia in extraction of mandibular primary molars: randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Helmy Rodaina H. , Zeitoun Sarah I. , El–Habashy Laila M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Local anesthesia (LA) poses a threat in children more than the treatment process itself, so pediatric dentists are always demanding less painful techniques. Computer-controlled Intraligamentary anaesthesia (CC–ILA) is designed to reduce injection pain and side effects of conventional techniques.Aim: To assess pain experience using Computer-controlled Intraligamentary anaesthesia (CC–ILA) during injection and its effectiveness in controlling pain during extraction of mandibular primary molars in pediatric patients.Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial, parallel groups.Methods: Fifty healthy cooperative children, aged 5–7 years with mandibular primary molars indicated for extraction. They were randomly allocated to two groups according to Local-anaesthetic technique: test group received CC–ILA and control group received Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Pain was measured during injection and extraction: physiologically using Heart rate (HR), subjectively using Face-Pain-Scale (FPS), and objectively using Sound-Eye-Motor scale (SEM). Patients were recalled after 24 hours to record lip-biting events. Data was collected and analysed.Results: A total of 50 children (29 females and 21 males) with mean age 6.10 ± 0.76 participated in the study. There were significantly lower scores in the heart rate in the CC–ILA group during injection (p=0.04), but no significant difference was recorded between the two groups during extraction (p=0.17). The SEM and FPS showed significant lower scores in the CC–ILA group during injection (p<0.0001, p<0.0001) and extraction (p<0.0001, p=0.01) respectively. No children in CC–ILA group reported lip-biting after 24-hours compared to 32% in IANB (p<0.0001).Conclusion: CC–ILA provides significantly less painful injections than conventional techniques and has proved to be as effective as IANB during extraction of mandibular primary molars. An important advantage of this technique was the complete absence of any lip/cheek biting events. Trial Registration: The study was prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier: NCT04739735 on 26th of January 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04739735.
Coping Strategies and their Association with Diabetes Emotional Distress, Depression and Diabetes Self-Care among People living with Diabetes in Zambia
Authors: Hapunda Given 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Utilising coping strategies to reduce and manage the intensity of negative and distressing emotions caused by diabetes is essential. However, little is known about the use of coping strategies among people living with diabetes in Sub-Saharan African countries like Zambia. This study investigates coping strategies used by people with diabetes in Zambia and how these are associated with diabetes-specific emotional distress, depression and diabetes self-care.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from 157 people with diabetes were collected. Coping styles were measured using the Brief COPE, distress using the Problem Areas in Diabetes, depression using the Major Depression Inventory and self-care using the Diabetes Self-Care scale.
Results
Data showed that adaptive coping strategies were the most frequently used coping strategies among Zambian individuals with diabetes. Maladaptive coping strategies were related to increased diabetes distress and depression. Emotional support was related to better diabetes self-care, while self-blame was related to poor diabetes self-care.
Conclusion
There is a need to help individuals with diabetes identify adaptive strategies that work best for them in order to improve their quality of life.
Effect of parenting intervention through “Care for Child Development guideline” on early child development and behaviors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bemanalizadeh Maryam , Badihian Negin , Khoshhali Mehri , Badihian Shervin , Hosseini Neda , Purpirali Marziye , Abadian Mansoore , Yaghini Omid , Daniali Seyedeh Shahrbanoo , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSeveral studies showed that parenting intervention programs play a core component in early child development. Considering the limited healthcare resources in developing countries, a group design intervention might be cost-effective.Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted from February 2020 to February 2021 at an outpatient public Pediatrics clinic in Isfahan, Iran. We included 210 pregnant women aged 18-45 years in their third trimester and followed their children for 18 months. The intervention group underwent 5 educational group sessions, each lasting for almost 45 minutes. The main outcomes were the children's development and behaviors based on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSCID-III) at 12 months and Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 18-month of age.ResultsOverall, data of 181 children were included in the current study, including 80 in the intervention group and 101 controls. The adjusted median differences were significantly lower in the intervention group than in controls for attention problems (-3.38; SE=1.59; P=0.035), anxiety problems (-2.28; SE=1.03; P=0.007) and pervasive developmental problems (-5; SE= 1.16; P<0.001) based on CBCL results. However, the difference of proportions was not significant in none of the BSCID-III domains in the intervention and control groups. ConclusionIn this study, parenting interventions through CCD group sessions were significantly effective on several child’s behavior domains, but not on children’s development. Although CCD is known to improve children’s development and behaviors, the feasible method of its delivery to a large population, especially in developing countries, remains to be determined.Trial RegistrationIRCT20190128042533N2, Date of registration: 16/01/2020, www.irct.ir
Dissipation Dynamic And Processing Factor Of Myclobutanil In Tomato
Authors: Qi Yanli , Cao Junli , Li Jindong , Li Chunyong , Ren Pengcheng , Qin Shu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of different processing factors on myclobutanil levels during canned tomato paste production was investigated. A validated residue analysis method was developed to identify myclobutanil by using QuEChERS extractionand UPLC-MS/MS analysis. To eliminate the matrix effect, a matrix-matched standard calibration curve was applied for accurate quantification. Myclobutanil miscible oil was sprayed under field conditions, and then tomato fruits were collected. The disspation of myclobutanil in tomato fruits followed a first-order dynamic equation with a half-life of 2.88 days. The result was similar to that in previous reports. The half-lives of myclobutanil in plants were short. The results of processing experiment indicated that the processing factors were all less than 1, showing that the processing procedure significantly decreased the residual level of myclobutanil canned tomato paste in comparison with the raw agricultural commodity. Washing, peeling, and homogenization played a critical role in reducing pesticide residues.