bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de imágenes informativas impresas y en línea
Authors: Puebla-Martínez Belén , González-Díez Laura , Pérez-Cuadrado Pedro 
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo propone la utilización de un conjunto de categorías y variables a la hora de analizar las imágenes que invaden los medios informativos de cualquier índole. Mediante una bibliografía especializada y una propuesta de análisis de contenido —no únicamente cuantitativo— se concluyen dos premisas básicas: una, que cualquier análisis de la imagen no tiene sentido sin un objetivo; y dos, que nunca se hace necesario contemplar absolutamente todas las variables existentes. Lejos de formular una teoría de la imagen de la que obviamente participa, se pretende ver su comportamiento en un soporte humilde universalmente extendido, sea impreso o digital.
Treatment Of Cekehan (Cough) Based On The Local Activity Of Bali In Usada Tenung Tanyalara
Authors: Prasetya I Made Slamet Putra 
Published: May 2022

Usada Tenung Tanyalara merupakan salah satu bentuk kearifan lokal Bali yang berisi tentang pengobatan tradisional Bali. Usada Tenung Tanyalara masih terbatas pada nama penyakit, bahan yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit cara pengolahan, serta penggunaan yang dibuktikan secara empiris. Penting dilakukan pengkajian lebih lanjut terkait pengobatan yang ada pada Usada Tenung Tanyalara. Batuk atau dalam Bahasa Bali disebut cekehan merupakan respon refleks pertahanan tubuh untuk mengeluarkan benda asing dari saluran pernafasan yang melindungi paru-paru dari benda asing dari saluran cerna maupun saluran nafas bagian atas. Batuk dapat disebabkan karena infeksi dan bukan infeksi. Pengobatan batuk dalam Usada Tenung Tanyalara yaitu dengan putih telur ayam mentah, santan kelapa berkulit hijau dan rimpang temu tin (temu putih). Kandungan albumin pada putih telur ayam dapat mengurangi keluhan batuk dan meningkatkan sistem imunitas melalui mekanisme meningkatkan sistem sirkulasi membantu metabolisme zat gizi, dan mempercepat pemulihan jaringan. Rimpang temu putih (temu tin) memiliki aktifitas antiinflamasi sehingga mengurangi gejala batuk yang disertai dengan sekresi mukosa. Santan kelapa memiliki sifat antibakteri sehingga dapat menekan bakteri patogen penyebab batuk. Berdasarkan sifat-sifat bahan pengobatan batuk dalam kearifan lokal Bali yakni Usada Tenung Tanyalara terbukti memiliki efek farmakologi untuk menyembuhkan batuk.
Kata Kunci: Batuk, Usada Bali, Usada Tenung Tanyalara, Pengobatan tradisional
Model PBI Dalam Setting Kooperatif Tipe STAD Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Mahasiswa
Authors: Fitriani Linna , Nopiyanti Nopa 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang menggunakan model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dengan model PBI dan Model Konvensional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperimen dengan pre-test dan post-test group design. Sampel penelitian 3 kelas dari 5 kelas yang ada diambil secara acak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berbentuk soal tes. Data dianalisis dengan ANAVA satu Jalur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa pada mata kuliah fisiologi tumbuhan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif antara mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dan mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif antara mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dan mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dikategorikan ke dalam kelas tinggi.
Kata kunci: BerpikirKreatif, Model PBI, STAD
Editorial
Authors: Flores Osorio Jorge Mario , Acevedo Muriel Andrés Felipe 
Published: May 2022

La Universidad de Tijuana CUT en alianza con la Corporación Latinoamericana de Educación Superior pone a disposición de profesores e investigadores el número de lanzamiento de la revista internacional Psicología y pedagogía crítica integrado por un conjunto de artículos escritos por investigadores de Grecia, México, Chile y Guatemala que fueron invitados y, a su vez, tuvieron un proceso de evaluación por parte de miembros del consejo editorial de la revista.
La revista se plantea como un espacio de publicación para los académicos e investigadores que, a través de visiones críticas, analizan la incidencia de la pedagogía, la educación y la psicología en la transformación o conservación de la sociedad opresora. Visiones que, más allá de pensar la realidad, también contribuyen de forma significativa al desarrollo de las disciplinas en cuestión.
El número de lanzamiento, además de constituirse en un acto de presentación en sociedad de la revista, es una oportunidad para invitar a los académicos y científicos a contribuir con el desarrollo y consolidación de la misma, a través de sus contribuciones a cada uno de los números que se publicarán en febrero y agosto de cada año. En ese marco abrimos desde ya la convocatoria para el número 2 que se publicará en febrero de 2022 y cuya convocatoria de recepción se abre al momento de esta publicación y se cierra el 15 de julio de 2022.
Los editores de la revista estamos convencidos del vacío que llenará la revista en los espacios de formación de psicólogos y pedagogos más allá de las visiones hegemónicas, en ocasiones poco apegadas a las realidades concretas del ejercicio profesional, especialmente en lo que concierne al ámbito latinoamericano o de los países subdesarrollados.
En síntesis, consideramos que la revista se postula como un espacio de diálogo entre los saberes hegemónicos y los contra-hegemónicos o emergentes que surgen de los procesos de recuperación de la memoria histórica y del proceso de concientización que el acercamiento al sufrimiento de los excluidos-pauperizados que genera una sociedad centrada en la injusticia.
Los editores.
Doing Economics
Authors: Bellemare Marc F. 
Published: May 2022

A guide for research economists: how to write papers, give talks, navigate the peer-review process, advise students, and more.
Newly minted research economists are equipped with a PhD's worth of technical and scientific expertise but often lack some of the practical tools necessary for “doing economics.” With this book, economics professor Marc Bellemare breaks down the components of doing research economics and examines each in turn: communicating your research findings in a paper; presenting your findings to other researchers by giving a talk; submitting your paper to a peer-reviewed journal; funding your research program through grants (necessary more often than not for all social scientists); knowing what kind of professional service opportunities to pursue; and advising PhD, master's, and undergraduate students.
With increasing data availability and decreasing computational costs, economics has taken an empirical turn in recent decades. Academic economics is no longer the domain only of the theoretical; many young economists choose applied fields when the time comes to specialize. Yet there is no manual for surviving and thriving as a professional research economist. Doing Economics fills that gap, offering an essential guide for research economists at any stage of their careers.
An open source and convenient method for the wide-spread testing of COVID-19 using deep throat sputum samples
Authors: Huang Sunny C. , Pak Thomas K. , Graber Cameron P. , Searby Charles C. , Liu Guanghao , Marcy Jennifer , Yaszemski Alexandra K. , Bedell Kurt , Bui Emily , Perlman Stanley , Zhang Qihong , Wang Kai , Sheffield Val C. , Carter Calvin S. 
Published: May 2022

Importance
The rise of novel, more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants has made clear the need to rapidly deploy large-scale testing for COVID-19 to protect public health. However, testing remains limited due to shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), naso- and oropharyngeal swabs, and healthcare workers. Simple test methods are needed to enhance COVID-19 screening. Here, we describe a simple, and inexpensive spit-test for COVID-19 screening called Patient Self-Collection of Sample-CoV2 (PSCS-CoV2).

Objective
To evaluate an affordable and convenient test for COVID-19.

Methods
The collection method relies on deep throat sputum (DTS) self-collected by the subject without the use of swabs, and was hence termed the Self-Collection of Sample for SARS-CoV-2 (abbreviated PSCS-CoV2). We used a phenol-chloroform extraction method for the viral RNA. We then tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers against at least two coding regions of the viral nucleocapsid protein (N1 and N2 or E) of SARS-CoV-2. We evaluted the sensitivity and specificity of our protocol. In addition we assess the limit of detection, and efficacy of our Viral Inactivating Solution. We also evaluated our protocol, and pooling strategy from volunteers on a local college campus.

Results
We show that the PSCS-CoV2 method accurately identified 42 confirmed COVID-19 positives, which were confirmed through the nasopharyngeal swabbing method of an FDA approved testing facility. For samples negative for COVID-19, we show that the cycle threshold for N1, N2, and RP are similar between the PSCS-CoV2 and nasopharynx swab collection method (n = 30). We found a sensitivity of 100% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 92-100) and specifity of 100% (95% CI, 89-100) for our PSCS-CoV2 method. We determined our protocol has a limit of detection of 1/10,000 for DTS from a COVID-19 patient. In addition, we show field data of the PSCS-CoV2 method on a college campus. Ten of the twelve volunteers (N1 < 30) that we tested as positive were subsequently tested positive by an independent laboratory. Finally, we show proof of concept of a pooling strategy to test for COVID-19, and recommend pool sizes of four if the positivity rate is less than 15%.

Conclusion and Relevance
We developed a DTS-based protocol for COVID-19 testing with high sensitivity and specificity. This protocol can be used by non-debilitated adults without the assistance of another adult, or by non-debilitated children with the assistance of a parent or guardian. We also discuss pooling strategies based on estimated positivity rates to help conserve resources, time, and increase throughput. The PSCS-CoV2 method can be a key component of community-wide efforts to slow the spread of COVID-19.
Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Some Renal Parameters in Some Selected Ethnic Population with Fat-mass and Obesity-associated Gene (FTO) Variants in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpete N. O. , Elekima I. , Brown H. , Nwachuku E. O. 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To evaluate lipid profile and some renal parameters in some selected ethnic population with fat-mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) variants in Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Study Design: Case-controlled observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State and Safety Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Enugu, Nigeria, between March 2020 and February 2022.
Methodology: Changes in lipid profile and some renal parameters in FTO gene was studied in ninety-eight (98) type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects (78 cases and 20 controls) from four different tribes in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Multistage sampling method was employed in the subject selection. The subjects were first separated into two groups – new cases (less than a year of diagnosis as Diabetic) and old cases (one year & above). Equal number of samples was then randomly collected from each of the cluster groups. 10mls of blood was collected into plain bottles for the assay of the above-named markers, and were assayed using spectrophotometric and ELISA methods. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism, version 8.0.2 and p values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that the Ijaw tribe had the highest mean total cholesterol (TCHOL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), Castelli Risk Ratio (CRR), atherogenic coefficient (AC) values (5.36 ± 0.99, 3.36 ± 0.87 mmol/l,3.76 ± 1.18 and 2.86 ± 1.16) respectively, which were significantly higher (P<.05) than those of the control group, while the Urhobo tribe had the highest mean TG and AIP values (1.47 ± 0.51 mmo/l and 0.08 ± 0.01), The control subjects had the highest mean HDL values (1.51 ± 0.49mmo/l), which were significantly higher(P<.05) than that of the control subjects. Mean creatinine level was highest in the control group (101.1 ± 21.24 µmol/L), while the Urhobo tribe had the highest mean MDRD levels (94.15 ±36.17 ml/min). Special diets did not contribute to any significant difference in the biochemical indices of the subjects apart from significant changes in the levels of triglyceride.
Conclusion: From the results, we conclude that the levels of lipid profile varied with the tribe for subjects with FTO variants and control subjects and only triglyceride levels are affected by specific diets.
Identification of Resistance Sources against Bacterial Pustule Disease Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines in Soybean using Excised Leaf Technique
Authors: Totade S. P. , Gupta S. K. , Manjaya J. G. 
Published: May 2022

Bacterial pustule of soybean is a foliar disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. The organism produces pustules which causes premature defoliation and ultimately results in significant reduction in seed yield and quality. Use of resistant cultivars can be a cost effective and eco-friendly approach to address the issue. This study was aimed at development of a rapid and reliable in-vitro screening method and screening of soybean genotypes for the identification of resistance sources to bacterial pustule disease. One hundred thirty-six soybean genotypes including released varieties, indigenous and exotic germplasm were screened by excised leaf technique for their reaction to bacterial pustule disease. An improved in-vitro technique for screening of bacterial pustule disease was developed. Rooting and survival studies indicated that soybean leaves excised from 25 days old plants could survive up to 30 days at room temperature in plain water. Inoculation with bacterial suspension of 107 to 109 colony forming units (cfu/ml) at 27±1°C under the photoperiod of 12h/day light showed initiation of chlorotic lesions 48 hours after inoculation. Based on the latent period and appearance of the chlorotic lesions, the genotypes were classified as susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant. Four soybean genotypes (TS-3, P-4-2, Hara Soya and Himso 1685) were resistant while, seventeen genotypes (AMS MB5-19, Bhatt, DSb-12, JS-335, JS93-05, MACS- 1188, MAUS- 71, PK-262, PS- 1241, Pusa-5, RKS- 18, SL-688, SL-744, SL-958, SL97-52, SL-979, and T99-76) were moderately resistant and rest of the genotypes were susceptible to bacterial pustule disease.
Growth, Yield and Phosphorus use Efficiency of Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Varieties as Influenced by Phosphorus Levels under Rainfed Conditions of Semi-Arid Environment
Authors: Singh Raj , Shridhar . , Das Anchal 
Published: May 2022

Selection of a suitable variety and use of optimum level of phosphorous can significantly increase the productivity and profitability of vegetable cowpea under rainfed conditions in semi-arid tropics. However, application of appropriate level of phosphorus is of prime importance to realize higher yield, economics and phosphorus use efficiency. Hence, a field study was conducted at the Research Farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India to find out the effect of different varieties and phosphorus levels on the growth, yield, economics and phosphorus use efficiency in two consecutive rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019 under semi-arid conditions. Three varieties of cowpea (Pusa Dharni, Pusa Komal and Kashi Kanchan) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that variety Pusa Dharani recorded significantly higher green pod yield (5.12 t ha-1) with net returns of Rs. 40454 ha-1 and net B:C ratio of 1.27. The maximum nodules per plant, nodule weight per plant and nutrient uptake were also recorded with variety Pusa Dharni. Maximum increase in agronomic phosphorus use efficiency (33.73 kg pod yield per kg P applied) and P recovery (18.19%) were noted with Pusa Dharni. Phosphorus levels showed significant variation on all the growth and yield attributing parameters, and yield. Application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in highest green pod yield (5.38 t ha-1) but remained statistically comparable with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1. However, maximum net returns (Rs.41320 ha-1) and net B:C ratio (1.28) were obtained with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, whereas 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 could fetched net returns of Rs. 41120 ha-1 and net B:C ratio of 1.22. Highest nodules per plant, nodules weight and N, P and K uptake were registered with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and was closely followed by 40 kg P2O5 ha-1. Application of 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 noted highest agronomic P use efficiency (39.72 kg pod yield per kg P applied) and P recovery (15.05%) followed by 40 kg P2O5 ha-1. The highest net returns (Rs. 41345 ha-1), net B:C ratio (1.28), economic efficiency (Rs. 516.81 per day per ha) and production efficiency (66.25 kg per day per ha) were obtained due to the application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1. Increasing P levels showed positive correlation with nodules per plant, dry weight of nodules, nutrient uptake and pod yield. Hence, the results indicated that growing of cowpea variety Pusa Dharni along with the application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 registered to be most suitable to obtain higher net returns and net B:C ratio under rainfed condition of semi-arid regions.
Biogas Production Potential from Anaerobic Co-digestion of Grape Pomace
Authors: Dolle Klaus , Weizmann Nicole , Lang Jydon R. 
Published: May 2022

Grape cultivation and wine production has been in practice since 7000 BC in ancient China. Today, top wine producing countries are France, Italy, and Spain, including the United States. New York State is the third largest wine producing state in the US, with over 28 million gallons produced in 2017. Wine pomace, the residue from wine making after pressing could be used for the production of electricity and heat replacing fossil resources. One alternative route could be anaerobic fermentation of wine making residues for the production of electricity and heat from the produced biogas.
This research investigated the cumulative biogas production from anaerobic fermentation of differently prepared red wine grape pomace. Red wine grape pomace was used as received, prepared by blending using a laboratory benchtop blender, refined using a Valley beater apparatus, and cooking the refined red wine grape pomace for 2 hours at 98°C. The pH of each solution was adjusted to 8.50 with 20% Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) solution. 300 g of each solution and 30 g of bacteria inoculate was filled into a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask that contained a magnetic stirrer. The anaerobic fermentation experiment have been run in duplicate, lasted for up to 170 hours, at a temperature of 39°C ± 2°C.
Untreated red wine grape pomace had the lowest cumulative biogas production of 93 ml and 151 ml.
Blended grapes showed a cumulative biogas production of 283 ml and 243 ml respectively. Refined red wine grape pomace generated the highest biogas production with 566 ml and 864 ml, followed by refined and cooked red wine grape pomace with a biogas production of 365 ml and 830 ml. The maximum biogas composition without CO2 was 70% and the minimum biogas composition was 55%.
Pre-treatment such as refining, blending, and heat treatment can increase biogas production and lead to a possible lower retention time in the fermentation vessel due faster biomass conversion.
Dyslipidemia is an Independent Predictor of Rapid Progressive Disease in Patientswith Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Memon Muhammad Yahya , Ali Gohar , Bukhari Syeda Iffat , Sandeelo Nabiya , Alvi Haris , Talib Abu , Imran Paras , Baloch Imtiaz , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In chronic liver disease (CLD), the lipid profile biomarkers are altered because of decreased lipoprotein biosynthetic capacity.
Objectives: To identify the association of dyslipidemia with various characteristics in chronic liver disease patients.
Patients and meth­ods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Civil Hospital, Karachi. The study was conducted between 1st July to 31st December 2017. A total of 211 adults with chronic liver disease were included in the study.
Data regarding age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of CLD, family history of dyslipidemia, and severity of cirrhosis were obtained. A 5ml fasting (12-14 hours) venous blood was collected and sent to the laboratory forthe measurement of lipid profiles. Dyslipidemia was established based the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines and definition.
Results: The mean age of the study patients was 43.16(8.63) years. The majority of the subjects were males (57.3%). The mean duration of CLD in years was 5.21(2.32). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was found to be 76.3%. Dyslipidemia was prevalent among patients of the age group > 45 years and male gender. Variables including age, gender, income, duration of CLD and family history of dyslipidemia showed significant association with dyslipidemia. In the multivariable stage analysis, the only retained significant variables are gender and family history of dyslipidemia.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among chronic liver disease patients was high. Various characteristics of the CLD patients were found to be significantly associated with dyslipidemia and identified as potential risk factors for its development.
The Trend of 2D Transistors toward Integrated Circuits: Scaling Down and New Mechanisms
Authors: Shen Yang , Dong Zuoyuan , Sun Yabin , Guo Hao , Wu Fan , Li Xianglong , Tang Jun , Liu Jun , Wu Xing , Tian He , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2D transition metal chalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, have recently attracted considerable research interest in the context of their use in ultrascaled devices owing to their excellent electronic properties. Microprocessors and neural network circuits based on MoS2have been developed at a large scale but still do not have an advantage over silicon in terms of their integrated density. In this study, the current structures, contact engineering, and doping methods for 2D TMDC materials for the scaling‐down process and performance optimization are reviewed. Devices are introduced according to a new mechanism to provide the comprehensive prospects for the use of MoS2beyond the traditional complementary–metal–oxide semiconductor in order to summarize obstacles to the goal of developing high‐density and low‐power integrated circuits (ICs). Finally, prospects for the use of MoS2in large‐scale ICs from the perspectives of the material, system performance, and application to nonlogic functionalities such as sensor circuits and analogous circuits, are briefly analyzed. The latter issue is along the direction of “more than Moore” research.