bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association studies of Striga resistance in extra-early maturing quality protein maize inbred lines
Authors: Okunlola Gbemisola , Badu-Apraku Baffour , Ariyo Omolayo , Agre Paterne , Offernedo Queen , Ayo-Vaughan Moninuola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Identification of genes associated with Striga resistance is invaluable for accelerating genetic gains in breeding for Striga resistance in maize. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with grain yield and other agronomic traits under artificial Striga field infestation. One hundred and forty-one extra-early quality protein maize inbred lines were phenotyped for key agronomic traits. The inbred lines were also genotyped using 49,185 DArTseq markers from which 8,143 were retained for population structure analysis and genome wide-association study. Cluster analysis and population structure revealed the presence of 3 well-defined genetic groups. Using the mixed linear model, 22 SNP markers were identified to be significantly associated with grain yield, Striga damage at 10 weeks after planting, number of emerged Striga plants at 8 and 10 weeks after planting and ear aspect. The identified SNP markers would be useful for breeders for marker-assisted selection to accelerate the genetic enhancement of maize for Striga resistance in sub-Saharan Africa after validation.
Fox in the henhouse: The delegation of regulatory and privacy enforcement to big tech
Authors: Bendix William , MacKay Jon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) requires tech giants to identify and remove apps from their platforms that use deceitful sales tactics or violate user privacy. Tech giants have often resisted FTC orders because policing diminishes their profits. But while some firms have eventually complied with FTC demands, other firms have continued to shirk enforcement at the risk of escalating fines. What accounts for these different responses? Examining Apple, Google and Facebook, we find that tech giants willingly police consumer fraud but not consumer privacy violations. Failures to police fraud have led to public complaints and negative press attention, while failures to police data breaches often go undetected by users, the media and thus the FTC. We conclude that tech giants can act as effective regulatory agents on the government's behalf, but only when they police activities they cannot conceal.
Arresting the Opposition: Labor Repression and Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries
Authors: Dean Adam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt the turn of the twenty-first century, why did country after country in the developing world open their economies to the global market? This paper argues that increases in democracy were more likely to lead to trade liberalization when governments violated workers’ basic rights to act collectively. Democracy empowered pro-trade domestic groups and therefore had the potential to lead to trade liberalization, but respect for labor rights empowered protectionist labor unions to launch protests and strikes that hampered such reforms. This paper supports these arguments with a multimethod approach that combines quantitative analysis of data from 126 developing countries from 1985 to 2010 with qualitative case studies of Argentina and Mexico. In general, the empirical evidence suggests that democracy and labor repression often worked together to facilitate the process of trade liberalization in developing countries.
In Vitro Metabolic Fate of the Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists 2F-QMPSB and SGT-233 Including Isozyme Mapping and Carboxylesterases Activity Testing
Authors: Richter Matthias J , Wagmann Lea , Brandt Simon D , Meyer Markus R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quinolin-8-yl 3-(4,4-difluoropiperidine-1-sulfonyl)-4-methylbenzoate (2F-QMPSB) and 3-(4,4-difluoropiperidine-1-sulfonyl)-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)benzamide (SGT-233) belong to a new group of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists containing a sulfamoyl benzoate or sulfamoyl benzamide core structure. 2F-QMPSB was identified in herbal material seized in Europe in 2018. The aims of this study were the identification of in vitro Phase I and II metabolites of 2F-QMPSB and SGT-233 to find analytical targets for toxicological screenings. Furthermore, the contribution of different monooxygenases and human carboxylesterases to Phase I metabolism was investigated. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used for analysis. Ester hydrolysis was found to be an important step in the metabolism of 2F-QMPSB, which was catalyzed mainly by human carboxylesterases (hCES)1 isoforms. Additionally, nonenzymatic ester hydrolysis was observed in case of 2F-QMPSB. Notably, the carboxylic acid product derived from ester hydrolysis and metabolites thereof were only detectable in negative ionization mode. In case of SGT-233, mono- and dihydroxy metabolites were identified, as well as glucuronides. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were found to be involved in the hydroxylation of both compounds. The results of these in vitro experiments suggest that the ester hydrolysis products of 2F-QMPSB and their glucuronides are suitable targets for toxicological screenings. In the case of SGT-233, the mono- and dihydroxy metabolites were identified as suitable screening targets. The involvement of various CYP isoforms in the metabolism of both substances reduces the likelihood of drug–drug interactions due to CYP inhibition.
The molecular mechanisms of mammalian sperm maturation regulated by NELL2-ROS1 lumicrine signaling
Authors: Kiyozumi Daiji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In terrestrial vertebrates, spermatozoa generated in the testis are transported through the reproductive tract toward outside the body. In addition to as the pathway of sperm transport, the male reproductive tract also functions as the site of post-testicular sperm maturation and the epididymis, which constitutes the majority of male reproductive tract, and plays central roles in such a sperm maturation. Recent studies with gene-modified animals have been unveiling not only the molecular mechanisms of sperm maturation in the epididymis but also the regulatory system by which the epididymis acquires and executes sperm-maturing functions. In this review, the mechanisms of mammalian sperm maturation will be summarized, based on recent findings, including the lumicrine regulation of sperm maturation.
Fibroblast subsets in non-small cell lung cancer: Associations with survival, mutations, and immune features
Authors: Pellinen Teijo , Paavolainen Lassi , Martín-Bernabé Alfonso , Papatella Araujo Renata , Strell Carina , Mezheyeuski Artur , Backman Max , La Fleur Linnea , Brück Oscar , Sjölund Jonas , Holmberg Erik , Välimäki Katja , Brunnström Hans , Botling Johan , Moreno-Ruiz Pablo , Kallioniemi Olli , Micke Patrick , Östman Arne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are molecularly heterogeneous mesenchymal cells that interact with malignant cells and immune cells and confer anti- and protumorigenic functions. Prior in situ profiling studies of human CAFs have largely relied on scoring single markers, thus presenting a limited view of their molecular complexity. Our objective was to study the complex spatial tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with multiple CAF biomarkers, identify novel CAF subsets, and explore their associations with patient outcome.

Methods
Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to spatially profile the CAF landscape in 2 population-based NSCLC cohorts (n = 636) using antibodies against 4 fibroblast markers: platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) and -beta (PDGFRB), fibroblast activation protein (FAP), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). The CAF subsets were analyzed for their correlations with mutations, immune characteristics, and clinical variables as well as overall survival.

Results
Two CAF subsets, CAF7 (PDGFRA-/PDGFRB+/FAP+/αSMA+) and CAF13 (PDGFRA+/PDGFRB+/FAP-/αSMA+), showed statistically significant but opposite associations with tumor histology, driver mutations (tumor protein p53 [TP53] and epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]), immune features (programmed death-ligand 1 and CD163), and prognosis. In patients with early stage tumors (pathological tumor-node-metastasis IA-IB), CAF7 and CAF13 acted as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions
Multimarker-defined CAF subsets were identified through high-content spatial profiling. The robust associations of CAFs with driver mutations, immune features, and outcome suggest CAFs as essential factors in NSCLC progression and warrant further studies to explore their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This study also highlights multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry–based CAF profiling as a powerful tool for the discovery of clinically relevant CAF subsets.
The Andromeda gamma-ray excess: background systematics of the millisecond pulsars and dark matter interpretations
Authors: Zimmer Fabian , Macias Oscar , Ando Shin’ichiro , Crocker Roland M , Horiuchi Shunsaku 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Since the discovery of an excess in gamma rays in the direction of M31, its cause has been unclear. Published interpretations focus on dark matter or stellar related origins. Studies of a similar excess in the Milky Way centre motivate a correlation of the spatial morphology of the signal with the distribution of stellar mass in M31. However, a robust determination of the best theory for the observed excess emission is challenging due to uncertainties in the astrophysical gamma-ray foreground model. We perform a spectro-morphological analysis of the M31 gamma-ray excess using state-of-the-art templates for the distribution of stellar mass in M31 and novel astrophysical foreground models for its sky region. We construct maps for the old stellar populations of M31 based on data from the PAndAS survey and carefully remove the foreground stars. We also produce improved astrophysical foreground models via novel image inpainting techniques based on machine learning methods. Our stellar maps, mimicking the location of a population of millisecond pulsars in the bulge of M31, reach a 5.4σ significance, making them as strongly favoured as the simple phenomenological models usually considered in the literature, e.g. disc-like templates. This detection is robust to generous variations of the astrophysical foreground model. Once the stellar templates are included in the astrophysical model, we show that the dark matter annihilation interpretation of the signal is unwarranted. We demonstrate that about one million unresolved millisecond pulsars naturally explain the observed gamma-ray luminosity per stellar mass, energy spectrum, and stellar bulge-to-disc flux ratio.
A reduced speed-of-light formulation of the magnetohydrodynamic-particle-in-cell method
Authors: Ji Suoqing , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
A reduced speed-of-light (RSOL) approximation is a useful technique for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. With an RSOL, some ‘in-code’ speed-of-light $\tilde{c}$ is set to much lower values than the true c, allowing simulations to take larger time-steps (which are restricted by the Courant condition given the large CR speeds). However, due to the absence of a well-formulated RSOL implementation from the literature, with naive substitution of the true c with a RSOL, the CR properties in MHD-PIC simulations (e.g. CR energy or momentum density, gyro radius) vary artificially with respect to each other and with respect to the converged ($\tilde{c} \rightarrow c$) solutions, with different choices of a RSOL. Here, we derive a new formulation of the MHD-PIC equations with an RSOL and show that (1) it guarantees all steady-state properties of the CR distribution function, and background plasma/MHD quantities are independent of the RSOL $\tilde{c}$ even for $\tilde{c} \ll c$; (2) it ensures that the simulation can simultaneously represent the real physical values of CR number, mass, momentum, and energy density; (3) it retains the correct physical meaning of various terms like the electric field; and (4) it ensures the numerical time-step for CRs can always be safely increased by a factor $\sim c/\tilde{c}$. This new RSOL formulation should enable greater self-consistency and reduced CPU cost in simulations of CR–MHD interactions.
Type-B QPOs in the black hole source H1743–322 and their association with Comptonization region and Jet
Authors: Harikrishna S , Sriram K 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The connection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) to the hot flow in the inner accretion disc region is vaguely understood in black hole X-ray binaries. We performed spectral and timing studies of 23 observations where type-C and type-B QPOs with similar centroid frequencies (∼6 Hz) occurred. Their spectral differences were used to understand the production mechanism of type-B QPOs, along with the quasi-simultaneous radio observations. Based on the spectral results, we did not notice many variations in the Comptonization parameters and the inner disc radius during type-C and type-B QPOs. We found that the structure of the Comptonization region has to be different for observations associated with type-C and type-B QPOs based on the CompTT model. Radio flux density versus QPO width, soft to hard flux ratio, and QPO width versus inner disc temperature, were found to follow certain trends, suggesting that a jet could be responsible for the type-B QPOs in H1743–322. Further studies are required to uniquely constrain this scenario. In a case study where a gradual transition from type-C to type-B QPO was noticed, we found that the spectral changes could be explained by the presence of a jet or a vertically extended optically thick Comptonization region. The geometrical Lense–Thirring precession model with a hot flow and a jet in the inner region was incorporated to explain the spectral and timing variations.
Combining Rosetta’s GIADA and MIDAS data: morphological versus dynamical properties of dust at 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Longobardo A , Mannel T , Kim M , Fulle M , Rotundi A , Della Corte V , Rinaldi G , Lasue J , Merouane S , Cottin H , Ciarniello M , Dirri F , Palomba E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We related morphological (size/shape) and dynamical properties of the dust ejected from the 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko comet by combining data from two instruments onboard the ESA's Rosetta mission, i.e. the MIDAS atomic force microscope and the GIADA dust detector. The two instruments detected dust of different size (10−6–10−5 and 10−4–10−3 m, respectively). MIDAS detected dust in four periods, three during the inbound orbit arc (2014 September–November; 2014 December– 2015 February; 2015 February–March) and one corresponding to a post-perihelion outburst (2016 February 19). For these periods, we analysed the dust particles’ spatial distribution on the MIDAS targets to obtain the number of parent particles hitting the instrument by means of an empirical procedure and to measure the corresponding dust flux. For the same periods, we retrieved the dust flux measured by GIADA. The ratio between the two dust fluxes is constant. By coupling this result with activity models, we inferred that the particles detected by MIDAS are fragments of hundreds-micron- to mm-sized particles detected by GIADA. In addition, the similar dust flux ratios between nominal activity and outburst indicates that the outburst did not include micro- and nano-sized dust, differently from other outbursts previously observed. Dust and surface properties were related by applying a traceback algorithm to GIADA data to retrieve the source regions of dust ejected in different periods. We did not detect variations of morphological properties between dust ejected from more and less processed terrains, concluding that compact dust particles (detected by MIDAS) have the same properties across the comet surface.
Two-step screening for depressive symptoms in patients treated with kidney replacement therapies: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Dano Sumaya , Lan Haoyue Helena , Macanovic Sara , Bartlett Susan , Howell Doris , Li Madeline , Hanmer Janel , Peipert John Devin , Novak Marta , Mucsi Istvan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Systematic screening for depressive symptoms may identify patients who may benefit from clinical assessment and psychosocial support. Here we assess a two-step screening using ultrabrief pre-screeners [Edmonton Symptom Assessment Survey–revised Depression item (ESASr-D) or Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)] followed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression questionnaire (PROMIS-D) to identify depressive symptoms in patients on kidney replacement therapies.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults (kidney transplant recipients or treated with dialysis) in Toronto, ON, Canada. We simulated various two-step screening scenarios where only patients above a pre-screening cut-off score on the ESASr-D or PHQ-2 would move to step 2 (PROMIS-D). Screening performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as the referent. The average number of items completed by patients in different scenarios was reported.

Results
Of 480 participants, 60% were male with a mean age of 55 years. Based on PHQ-9, 19% of patients had moderate or severe depressive symptoms. Pre-screening with a PHQ-2 score ≥1 combined with a PROMIS-D score of ≥53 provided the best two-step results (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.84, NPV 0.95). Two-step screening also reduces question burden.

Conclusions
A two-step screening using a PHQ-2 score ≥1 followed by a PROMIS-D score ≥53 has good sensitivity and specificity for identifying potentially significant depressive symptoms among patients on kidney replacement therapies. This approach has lower question burden. Screened-in patients will need further clinical assessment to establish a diagnosis.
Competitive Arousal: Sources, Effects, and Implications
Authors: Ku Gillian , Adam Marc T. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Competition and competitive contexts inherently contain elements that generate arousal (sympathetic activation of the autonomic system). In addition to the arousal experienced from competing against another person(s), other elements in competitive contexts, such as time pressure, audience effects, competing for scarce and/or valued items, etc., can create arousal. This chapter elaborates on how competition and competitive contexts can generate arousal, which then affects decision making. Simultaneously, the authors discuss how arousal that is independent of the competitive context can have similar decision-making effects. On one hand, arousal can facilitate and improve decision making. On the other hand, it can impair sound and rational decision making. This chapter gives an overview of the concept of competitive arousal by providing a review of what is known about the nature of competitive arousal, the factors that influence its emergence, moderators, and its effects on decision making. The authors conclude with several open questions as well as a general discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of competitive arousal in different decision making contexts.
The Line between W. E. B. Du Bois and Karl Marx
Authors: Itzigsohn José 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
W. E. B. Du Bois was a social theorist who developed an original theoretical and methodological approach, at the center of which was the analysis of racial and colonial capitalism and the critique of racialized modernity. For him, capitalism was a global social formation based on colonial relations and the exploitation of racialized labor. The analysis of capitalism was not restricted to class and class struggle but also focused on questions pertaining to the humanity of the colonized and racialized. Capitalism was racial and colonial; modernity was racialized modernity. Du Bois’s methodological approach was rooted in lived experience and in history, and his analysis of racial and colonial capitalism always interrogated its global and historical forms. The goal of this analysis was to dismantle colonialism and the global color line. As a result, the study of race could not be separated from the study of colonialism—nor could the struggle against racism be separated from the struggle against colonialism.
Du Bois’s Peace Movement beyond the Color Line
Authors: Honda Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that during the twentieth century, W. E. B. Du Bois was a major international peace activist who opposed war and advocated the disarmament of nuclear weapons across the globe. As a leading scholar and activist, Du Bois revealed the links between war and white supremacy. He demonstrated that wars stemmed from the systematic, racist, and militaristic capitalist strategies of Western countries who aggressively and violently colonized nonwhite nations globally for economic exploitation. Following World War II, Du Bois’s commitment to world peace grew stronger, as he regarded atomic bombs as a global risk. In an effective collaboration with labor unions and socialist-affiliated organizations worldwide, Du Bois’s networks for peace and democracy pressured the US government by exposing the hypocrisy of racist and militaristic US policies that led to the sacrifice of welfare and education for US citizens. This chapter discusses how the US government attacked Du Bois for his stance against nuclear war and how Du Bois was uncritical of the Soviet Union’s role in the nuclear arms race. It is demonstrated that Du Bois was unquestionably a consequential peace activist, even though this activism has not received the attention it deserves.
The Philippine Popular Music Industry
Authors: Buenconsejo José S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between technology and music production (or its corollary consumption) is unquestionably one of a means and end of utility. This commonly understood assumption, however, needs to be addressed more adequately by considering the notion that music production and consumption are fundamentally active human processes within a nest of social material conditions, technology being an important component. These provide a context, social and cultural in the first instance, by which musical acts or performances are deemed significant through time. This chapter explores some of these conditions in the Philippine popular music industries, particularly by examining the entry of various music technologies that moved the priorities of the industries to certain ends, and that consequently rippled through in the busy-ness of musicians, as they flowed into and engaged with them. Musical idioms resulted from the flows. Because there is no comprehensive research on this topic to date, it is only expedient to offer a broad view to the problem from a cultural historical standpoint.