bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of selenium fortification during sprouting of peanut seeds receivingHVEFand selenium soaking combination on yield, selenium and resveratrol contents, anti‐oxidative properties, and microbial control
Authors: Chiu Kai Ying 
Published: May 2022

SummarySelenium (Se) is essential for human nutrition as it involves many biological functions. In this study, three seed treatments (water soaking, high‐voltage electric field (HVEF), HVEF and water soaking), and two Se fortification treatments (Se soaking with Se fortification during sprouting and HVEF plus Se soaking with Se fortification during sprouting) were used to examine their effects on peanut seed germination, Se contents and microbial loads on 8‐days‐old peanut sprouts. The results indicated that the best treatment for enhancing germination (99.6%), increasing the sprout's total Se and resveratrol contents (61.32 and 46.32 μg g−1, respectively) was HVEF plus Se soaking in combination with Se fortification. It also reduced the microbial loads to <3 log CFU g−1FW on the resultant 8‐days‐old peanut sprouts. Thus, the treatment of HVEF and Se soaking combination with Se fortification can be used to produce Se‐fortified peanut sprouts with improved nutritional quality and microbial control.
Chinese older adults' personal–family life balance and its associations with social networks: The moderating role of internet use
Authors: Xie Lili , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study used nationally representative data from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey 2018 to examine how activity patterns in the personal and family life domains were associated with social networks among Chinese older adults and whether internet use changed these relationships. Using latent class analysis, we identified four activity patterns, including Personal‐centered Activity class (14.37%), Low Activity class (58.06%), Family‐centered Activity class (19.24%), and Balanced Activity class (8.33%). Multivariate analyses revealed that the Personal‐centered Activity and Low Activity classes were associated with looser family ties compared with the Family‐centered Activity class, whereas the Balanced Activity class was associated with closer friendship ties. Internet usage was significantly associated with stronger family and friendship ties in the Low Activity group. Intervention programs to address the digital divide and engage older adults with limited offline social engagement in online communications may have positive effects on maintaining or expanding their social networks.
Urodynamics findings pre‐ and post‐untethering surgery in children with filum lipoma: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Morizawa Yosuke , Satoh Hiroyuki , Arai Masashi , Iwasa Shun , Sato Atsuko , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the changes in urodynamics and voiding cystourethrogram parameters on pre‐ and post‐untethering surgery in patients aged under 2 years with filum lipoma.MethodsSixty‐two patients were enrolled in this study. The changes in urodynamics and voiding cystourethrogram parameters were compared before untethering surgery and 6 months after untethering surgery. These parameters were bladder volume, bladder deformity, vesicoureteral reflux during voiding cystourethrogram, detrusor overactivity, bladder compliance, and post‐void residual volume in urodynamics.ResultsBladder volume during voiding cystourethrogram and bladder compliance increased significantly from 89.8 ± 49.5 mL to 114.5 ± 50.5 mL (P = 0.0069) and 10.2 ± 6.2 mL/mmH2O to 17.0 ± 13.3 mL/mmH2O (P = 0.0008), respectively, at 6‐month follow‐up. Six patients required combination management with clean intermittent catheterization at 25.1 ± 8.2 months (14.3 ± 6.5‐months follow‐up) because of elevated post‐void residual volumes.ConclusionsAccording to voiding cystourethrogram results, bladder function and urodynamics in patients with filum lipoma significantly improved after untethering surgery. Non‐invasive assessment based on measurements of post‐void residual should be considered as a postoperative follow‐up method.
Too much sugar does not just make us fat; it can also make us sick
Authors: Dwyer Karen M. , Robson Breonny , Muecke James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe post‐COVID‐19 care era is likely to see a burgeoning of metabolic dysfunction and chronic kidney disease. Attention to self‐care, including nutrition, will underpin the management of those affected. The damaging effects of sugar‐sweetened beverages are well documented and profound and counter many accepted medical treatments. Government leadership is urgently required with explicit and strong messaging to avoid sugar‐sweetened beverages.
Electronic assistive technology use and supported employment
Authors: Heman Parker , Rhodes Darson , Cox Carol 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLevel of electronic assistive technology use by people with intellectual disabilities is lower than for other disability groups.MethodsIn this mixed‐methods exploratory study during the pandemic, staff (online survey) and executive administration (focus group) from a regional supported employment service provider in the Midwest US were surveyed about use of and barriers to use of electronic assistive technology for their clients with intellectual disabilities.ResultsForty percent of staff reported ‘not’ using any of the assistive technologies with their clients. Executive administration perceived that they should be providing technology resources to clients and staff. Both groups rated expense, access, and complexity as barriers to assistive technology use at the client's worksite.ConclusionsIdentifying the types of assistive technologies that can be most easily accessed and most cost‐effective, including lower‐cost consumer market devices, as employment supports for people with intellectual disabilities may be a first step in helping to overcome perceived barriers to use.
Age‐related changes in mean corpuscular volumes in patients without anaemia: An analysis of large‐volume data from a single institute
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Choi Hanlim , Park Jin Woo , Son Bo Ra , Park Jong Hyock , Jang Lee Chan , Lee Jae Gil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) has been associated with various diseases, these associations in relation to the age‐related trends in MCV remain unclear. Therefore, we used a dataset with over one million values to identify the relationship between ageing and MCV changes. All laboratory data obtained between November 1998 and November 2019 at Chungbuk National University Hospital were retrospectively collected. After excluding cases with missing values for individual complete blood count parameters, outlier MCV values, and ages less than 1 year and more than 88 years, 977,335 MCV values were obtained from 309,393 patients. Principal component analysis of blood components with ages and analysis of the median value changes for each blood component across decade‐wise age groups were conducted to identify relationships between ageing and changes in blood components. The median values of MCV showed gradual increments with age. The linear relationship for patients aged 1–25 years had a larger slope than that for patients aged 26–88 years. For MCV, the equation for patients aged 1–25 years was 0.40*(age) + 81.24 in females and 0.45*(age) + 79.58 in males. The equation for patients aged 26–90 years was 0.04*(age) + 88.97 in females and 0.06*age + 88.30 in males. Among patients aged >40 years, the MCV value was higher in men than in women. Analysis of a large dataset showed that the MCV gradually increased with age and the linear relationship differed between patients aged 1–25 and 26–88 years.
Assessment of storage stability and quality characteristics of thermo‐sonication assisted blended bitter gourd seed oil and sunflower oil
Authors: Naik Mohan , Natarajan Venkatachalapathy , Thangaraju Suka , Modupalli Nikitha , Rawson Ashish 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of thermo‐sonication to intensify the various chemical process and to modify the techno‐functional characteristics of edible lipids is an emerging focus for research. On the other hand, the concept of “edible oil blending” is arisen as an economical way to improve the quality trait of oils and fats. In present study, the effect of blending ratio of Bitter gourd seeds oil (BSO) with sunflower oil (SO), thermo‐sonication (Low intensity thermo‐sonication (LIThS), high intensity thermo‐sonication (HIThS), and storage conditions (ambient: 40°C; accelerated: 60°C) on free fatty acids (FFA), p‐anisidine value, color, viscosity, fatty acids composition, functional groups, crystallization and melting behavior were evaluated. The kinetics of FFA formation was assessed based on a pseudo‐first‐order oxidation mechanism. Increase in FFA, p‐anisidine value, viscosity and decrease in color, fatty acids composition, changes in functional group were noticed in all the samples during storage. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated the shift of crystallization and melting temperature to lower temperatures range and decrease in enthalpy. The LIThS has exhibited higher rate of oxidation or degradation than HIThS and PB. The rate of oxidation was much higher in accelerated storage than the ambient storage. The oil blends are mainly composed of linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, alpha eleostearic acid, and gamma‐linolenic acid. On the basis of present findings, it appears that, blending of Bitter gourd seeds oil with sunflower oil and thermo‐sonication brings characteristics changes in quality attributes with improved storage stability. Physical mixing is commonly practiced method for oil blending. It has some limitations like, phase separation and non‐uniform mixing. Thermo‐sonication is an efficient, quick, and environmentally friendly method, which is widely used in food processing unit operations due to its overwhelming advantages over conventional methods. Blending of edible oil is emerged as an economical way of modifying the techno‐functional characteristics of oils. Bitter gourd seeds oil is rich in alpha‐eleostearic acid, phytosterols, polyphenolic compounds, and tocopherols. The present study demonstrated that, blending of Bitter gourd seeds oil with Sunflower oil has modified the quality characteristics. High intensity thermo‐sonication‐assisted blending improves the storage stability of blended oil. The oil blends are mainly composed of linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, alpha eleostearic acid, and gamma‐linolenic acid. Hence, the blended oil can be used in various food preparations.
Incidence of accidental falls and development of a fall risk prediction model among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cheng Zhengnan , Li Xiaohui , Xu Hongmei , Bao Di , Mu Chun , Xing Qiuling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the incidence of accidental falls and develop a fall risk prediction tool in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.BackgroundThe risk of fall in elderly patients with diabetes is higher than that in the general elderly, there is fewer fall assessment tools for elderly patients with diabetes.DesignA prospective cohort study.MethodsBetween June and September 2019, a total of 1007 elderly patients with diabetes were enrolled from a tertiary specialist diabetes hospital in Tianjin and were prospectively followed up for 6 months to determine outcomes of accidental falls through telephone. Demographic and diseases related factors were collected at baseline. Incidence of falls was investigated, and a nomogram was developed based on logistic regression model. SPSS 21.0 and R 3.6.3 were used to analyse the data. The article was reported in accordance with STROBE guidelines.ResultsAmong 1007 elderly patients, 950 finished the follow‐up. A total of 133 falls occurred in 93 patients during the follow‐up period, with a fall rate of 9.79%. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, walking aids, depression, fall history, fatigue and sex were independent predictors of accidental fall in diabetes elderly patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model were 73.12% and 52.63%, respectively, and a fall risk prediction nomogram was developed based on the regression model.ConclusionsA nomogram including 6 easily available prediction factors (diabetic peripheral neuropathy, walking aids, depression, fall history within 1 year, fatigue, sex) was developed, and it can be used in safety management among Chinese elderly patients diagnosed with diabetes.Relevance to clinical practiceNomogram can be used to identify diabetic elderly patients at high risk of accidental falls.
The MCPF under the pandemic
Authors: Morita Shigeo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examines the marginal cost of public funds (MCPF) to assess the optimality of preventive governmental expenditure based on the optimal nonlinear income taxation with preventive behaviors by both individuals and the government. We show that the optimal condition with respect to preventive government expenditure consists of two parts. One part reflects how the trade‐off between preventive expenditure and consumption should deviate from the laissez faire for high‐skilled and low‐skilled individuals, which is interpreted as the Pigou effect. The other part measures how mimickers benefit from preventive government expenditure, which is called the genetic effect. Whether the MCPF is greater than 1 or not depends on the relative magnitude of the Pigou effect and the genetic effect. Moreover, we examine the MCPF if the government cannot commit to a certain policy and if the types of individuals are completely separated and show that the Pigou effect should be modified.
Electric field aspects in hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea: A bilateral electrophysiological evaluation of unilateral electrode configuration changes
Authors: Steffen Armin , Moritz Florian Joffrey , König Inke R. , Suurna Maria V. , Brüggemann Norbert 
Published: May 2022

SummaryHypoglossal nerve stimulation is an established treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea in selected patients. A unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation system was approved a decade ago, yet the physiological effect of unilateral hypoglossal stimulation on bilateral tongue motion remains unclear. This study examined how electrode configuration, stimulation cuff position, or body mass index influenced the contralateral genioglossus electromyography (EMG) signal. Twenty‐nine patients underwent three EMG recordings in a polysomnographic setting after being implanted with a unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulator for at least 6 months. The ratio of EMG signals between the ipsi‐ and contralateral sides was evaluated. No difference in EMG signals was demonstrated based on electrode configurations, stimulation‐cuff position, body‐mass‐index, or sleep apnea severity, even in patients with right tongue protrusion only. Our findings may be explained by a significant level of cross‐innervation and by a smaller and less variable circumferential electric field than expected based on prior biophysical models. A patient's individual anatomy needs to be considered during therapy titration in order to achieve an optimal response.
The road not taken: Evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in the Sierra garter snake (Thamnophis couchii) by a path less travelled
Authors: Reimche Jessica S. , del Carlo Robert E. , Brodie Edmund D. , McGlothlin Joel W. , Schlauch Karen , Pfrender Michael E. , Brodie Edmund D. , Leblanc Normand , Feldman Chris R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe repeated evolution of tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistance provides a model for testing hypotheses about the mechanisms of convergent evolution. This poison is broadly employed as a potent antipredator defence, blocking voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav) in muscles and nerves, paralysing and sometimes killing predators. Resistance in taxa bearing this neurotoxin and a few predators appears to come from convergent replacements in specific Nav residues that interact with TTX. This stereotyped genetic response suggests molecular and phenotypic evolution may be constrained and predictable. Here, we investigate the extent of mechanistic convergence in garter snakes (Thamnophis) that prey on TTX‐bearing newts (Taricha) by examining the physiological and genetic basis of TTX resistance in the Sierra garter snake (Th. couchii). We characterize variation in this predatory adaptation across populations at several biological scales: whole‐animal TTX resistance; skeletal muscle resistance; functional genetic variation in three Nav encoding loci; and levels of gene expression for one of these loci. We found Th. couchii possess extensive geographical variation in resistance at the whole‐animal and skeletal muscle levels. As in other Thamnophis, resistance at both levels is highly correlated, suggesting convergence across the biological levels linking organism to organ. However, Th. couchii shows no functional variation in Nav loci among populations or difference in candidate gene expression. Local variation in TTX resistance in Th. couchii cannot be explained by the same relationship between genotype and phenotype seen in other taxa. Thus, historical contingencies may lead different species of Thamnophis down alternative routes to local adaptation.
Blood meal analysis of Culicoides species associated with livestock in West Bengal, India
Authors: Kar Surajit , Mondal Biswajit , Pal Arjun , Harsha Rupa , Mazumdar Abhijit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKnowledge gaps exist on the feeding pattern and host range of bluetongue virus vectors, Culicoides species, associated with livestock in India. Adult midges were trapped with ultraviolet light traps at 13 household farms adjacent to human biotope. Host DNA was isolated from individual females (n = 101; blood engorged‐82, gravid‐4 and parous‐15) and subjected to PCR amplification targeting CytB and 16S rRNA gene fragments followed by sequencing of amplified DNA samples. However, DNA sequences from only 71 individuals (70.3%) comprising of 10 Culicoides species were obtained. Blood meal analysis revealed at least 10 species that fed on five mammalian hosts including humans, but surprisingly none tested positive for birds. Results revealed that Culicoides innoxius tested positive for four not previously recognized species indicating a potential role as a vector species. Likewise, Culicoides shortti and Culicoides hegneri preferred goat and cattle respectively as hosts, whereas Culicoides palpifer preferred cattle along with buffalo as hosts, which is being reported for the first time. This is the first document on DNA‐based blood meal identification and feeding preference of Culicoides midges associated with livestock in India.
The relationships among gut microbiota, hypoxia‐inducible factor and anaemia with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Lifen , Xu Wenwen , Kong Pingping , Dou Yanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGut microbiota plays a vital role in human intestinal homeostasis, correlating strongly with the progression of numerous diseases. Recent researches provide powerful evidence that the connections exist between gut microbiota and renal anaemia. Gut microbiota may have an impact on renal anaemia by regulating the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) signalling, iron metabolism and inflammatory state. Because of this relationship, there may be potential treatments for renal anaemia. In this review, we will first provide an overview of current research progression on anaemia in chronic kidney disease and then introduce the relations among gut microbiota, HIF, and renal anaemia to explore the possible treatment options.
Navigating the pathway to ceasing driving—A voyage of discovery
Authors: Waterworth Susan , Dakin Mike 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCeasing driving for older people is a life transition and can be associated with a sense of loss and decreased wellbeing. Nurses can play a key role in supporting the older person to manage the transitions, especially as the work involved in ceasing driving is often hidden. For example, finding alternative and accessible means of travel and maintaining mobility. Travel itself can be viewed as essential, for example attending health appointments and shopping. Discretionary travel may not be viewed as essential, but provides an important means of maintaining activity and social connection.MethodA case study is presented of Mike's journey in ceasing driving. The concept of transition helps in co‐creating with Mike his journey of discovery. Semi‐structured interviews took place with Mike over a six‐month period and a journey pathway created, which was subject to further iterations during subsequent interviews.ResultsCeasing driving involves a number of transitions encompassing a series of losses, managing uncertainty, problem‐solving and learning new skills. Being able to access and adapt to maintain mobility and travel are influenced by structural and environmental barriers.ConclusionThe World Health Organization's strategy to create age‐friendly cities and communities is admirable. Like any other strategy this is a long‐term plan, and in meantime action needs to happen to support older people in ceasing driving and creating a non‐driving life and limit a decrease in well‐being. Starting conversations on transitional travel planning is proposed, with nurses playing a central role in making this process happen.
Does Analytic Thinking Insulate Against Pro‐Kremlin Disinformation? Evidence From Ukraine
Authors: Erlich Aaron , Garner Calvin , Pennycook Gordon , Rand David G. 
Published: May 2022

Pro‐Kremlin disinformation campaigns have long targeted Ukraine. We investigate susceptibility to this pro‐Kremlin disinformation from a cognitive‐science perspective. Is greater analytic thinking associated with less belief in disinformation, as per classical theories of reasoning? Or does analytic thinking amplify motivated system 2 reasoning (or “cultural cognition”), such that analytic thinking is associated with more polarized beliefs (and thus more belief in pro‐Kremlin disinformation among pro‐Russia Ukrainians)? In online (N = 1,974) and face‐to‐face representative (N = 9,474) samples of Ukrainians, we find support for the classical reasoning account. Analytic thinking, as measured using the Cognitive Reflection Test, was associated with greater ability to discern truth from disinformation—even for Ukrainians who are strongly oriented towards Russia. We find similar, albeit weaker, results when operationalizing analytic thinking using the self‐report Actively Open‐Minded Thinking scale. These results demonstrate a similar pattern to prior work using American participants. Thus, the positive association between analytic thinking and the ability to discern truth versus falsehood generalizes to the qualitatively different information environment of postcommunist Ukraine. Despite low trust in government and media, weak journalistic standards, and years of exposure to Russian disinformation, Ukrainians who engage in more analytic thinking are better able to tell truth from falsehood.
Centred worlds, personal identity and imagination
Authors: Sauchelli Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Centred View offers an account of the connection between imagination and possibility that combines the centred world framework with some allegedly appealing intuitions regarding our persistence over time. In particular, Dilip Ninan suggests that the Centred View has the theoretical advantage of respecting our intuitions about cases of personal identity in certain imaginative scenarios while also being compatible with physicalism. Unfortunately, the Centred View faces a series of serious objections and should ultimately be rejected.