bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of efficient location‐based multipath self‐adaptive balancer router using particle swarm optimization in wireless sensor network
Authors: Sakthivel Subramaniam , Manikandan Muthaiyan , Vivekanandhan VijayaRangan 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe power sensor terminals control in wireless sensor network (WSN) communicate within a small number of its radio range. As a branch operating based on the cluster routing protocol, it has proven to be effective in network topology management, energy reduction, and path connection link quality of the path. Location‐based clusters are categorized into member nodes and group/cluster heads (CHs). The CH election process increases the overhead of the network. The processing and energy limitations of the nodes are considered for the CH election process. The allocation of system resources is the major issue in the area of networks. In this work, the proposed multipath self‐adaptive balancer routing‐based particle swarm optimization (MLBAR‐PSO) achieves load balancing by means of the link quality of the route and the calculated average latency and reliability of the path. In this way, different trust values are set in each category. The forwarding node value is the value of each node based on the weight value, which is calculated based on the energy ratio of the node and the distance between the hiding node and the target node. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) selects the head cluster from a specific location within the cluster to enable other nodes to interact with the CH without spending energy. Also, the algorithm is used to find the optimal path for the base station and significantly increases the energy to reduce the distance and delay over the lifetime of the network.
Efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in familial adenomatous polyposis patients after duodenectomy
Authors: Shah Ravi S. , Mehta Neal , Burke Carol A. , Mankaney Gautam , Stevens Tyler , Augustin Toms , Walsh Matthew R. , Bhatt Amit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesFamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients with Spigelman stage IV polyposis should be considered for prophylactic duodenectomy. Post‐surgical pancreaticobiliary complications occur and may require management via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We aimed to assess the success and adverse events of ERCP in FAP patients after pancreas‐sparing duodenectomy (PSD) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodsA retrospective review of FAP patients who underwent ERCP after PSD or PD from 1992 to 2020 at a quaternary referral center was completed. The technical success of ERCP was defined as the ability to identify the anastomosis and cannulate the duct. Post‐procedural adverse events were defined by bleeding, perforation, pancreatitis, or cholangitis. Clinical outcomes included the need for surgical intervention and recurrent pancreatitis after ERCP were assessed.ResultsOf 84 FAP patients with duodenectomy, 12 patients with PSD and two patients with PD underwent 17 ERCPs for pancreatic indications and five for biliary indications. The technical success of ERCP in patients with PSD and a single neoampullary complex for pancreatic (n = 6) and biliary (n = 5) indications was 100% but for those with PD (n = 2) or PSD reconstruction with pancreatic divisum or separate anastomoses (n = 3), it was 0%. Surgical intervention was required in 50% of patients with technically failed ERCP after PSD (2/4) and PD (1/2). There were no adverse events.ConclusionsERCP is expected to be therapeutically successful for biliary complications following PSD. Assessment and potential therapy for pancreatitis post‐PSD are best in the setting of a single neo‐ampullary complex rather than in PD or PSD with pancreatic divisum.
Modernizing the U.S. electric grid: A proposal to update transmission infrastructure for the future of electricity
Authors: Murphy Sara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectric transmission infrastructure is often undervalued in the United States. However, a recent surge of electrical blackouts due to extreme weather conditions and natural disasters has brought the United States' aging transmission infrastructure to the spotlight. Recent cyberattacks on critical energy infrastructure have also brought attention to the vulnerabilities in the U.S. electric infrastructure. Advancements such as the growth of electrification in the transportation sector and the integration of variable renewable energy critical to the decarbonization of the energy sector, further challenge the capacity of current electrical infrastructure. Addressing deficiencies within U.S. electric infrastructure requires the collaboration of many stakeholders including federal agencies, state governments, local communities, and electricity generation and distribution entities. To properly undertake the challenges to the United States transmission infrastructure, it is recommended that potential solutions are accurately modeled, that the FERC uses its rulemaking capacity to foster collaboration, and that the federal government creates a national transmission loan program to specifically fund nationally significant transmission projects.
Genetic diversity reveals synergistic interaction between yield components could improve the sink size and yield in rice
Authors: Anwar Khalid , Joshi Rohit , Morales Alejandro , Das Gourab , Yin Xinyou , Anten Niels P. R. , Raghuvanshi Saurabh , Bahuguna Rajeev N. , Singh Madan Pal , Singh Rakesh K. , van Zanten Martijn , Sasidharan Rashmi , Singla‐Pareek Sneh L. , Pareek Ashwani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntensive breeding programs have increased rice yields, strongly contributing to increasing global food security during the post‐green revolution period. However, rice productivity has reached a yield barrier where further yield improvement is restricted by inadequate information on the association of yield components, and morphological and physiological traits with yield. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate (i) the contribution of morphological and physiological traits to yield and (ii) quantify the trade‐off effect between the yield components in rice, using a mini‐core collection of 362 rice genotypes comprising geographically distinct landraces and breeding lines. Our data point towards multiscale coordination of physiological and morphological traits associated with yield and biomass. Considerable trait variations across the genotypes in yield ranging from 0.5 to 78.5 g hill−1and harvest index ranging from 0.7% to 60.7% highlight enormous diversity in rice across the globe. The natural elimination of trade‐off between yield components revealed the possibility to enhance rice yield in modern cultivars. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that genotypes with larger sink sizes could fix more carbon to achieve a higher yield. We propose that the knowledge thus generated in this study can be helpful for (a) trait‐based modeling and pyramiding alleles in rice‐breeding programs and (b) assisting breeders and physiologists in their efforts to improve crop productivity under a changing climate, thus harnessing the potential for sustainable productivity gains.
Immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract from Crassostrea sikamea in the splenocytes of Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Guo Guannan , Kong Ying , Su Jie , Wang Geng , Zhang Muqing , Wang Shuyue , Song Zhenbo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Crassostrea sikamea (C. sikamea) is used as an important edible and medicinal seafood in China. In the present study, an aqueous extract of C. sikamea (AECs) was prepared, and its immunomodulatory effects on rat splenocytes were studied. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium (MTS) assay revealed that AECs was able to promote splenocyte proliferation. Moreover, flow cytometry revealed that AECs treatment markedly altered the populations of splenic lymphocyte subtypes. Data from real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that AECs promoted the mRNA expression and secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐12, and IFN‐γ. Mechanistically, p38 MAPK phosphorylation in splenocytes was significantly upregulated under AECs treatment and p38 MAPK inhibitor reversed the promoting effect of AECs on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our novel evidence suggests that AECs exhibits immunomodulatory activity in vitro, supporting the further application of C. sikamea as a potential functional food.
Novel Insight into the Concept of Favorable Combination of Electrodes in High Voltage Supercapacitors: Toward Ultrahigh Volumetric Energy Density and Outstanding Rate Capability
Authors: Elsa George , Vijayakumar Manavalan , Navaneethan Rajendran , Karthik Mani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMost of the biomass‐derived carbon‐based supercapacitors using organic electrolytes exhibit very low energy density due to their low operating potential range between 2.7 and 3.0 V. A novel insight into the concept of the different porous architecture of electrode materials that is employed to extend a device's operating potential up to 3.4 V using TEABF4 in acetonitrile, is reported. The combination of two high surface area activated carbons derived from abundant natural resources such as industrial waste cotton and wheat flour as sustainable and green carbon precursors is explored as an economical and efficient supercapacitor carbon electrode. Benefitting from the simultaneous achievement of the higher potential window (3.4 V) with higher volumetric capacitance (101 F cm–3), the supercapacitor electrodes exhibit higher volumetric energy density (42.85 Wh L–1). Bimodal pore size distribution of carbon with a tuned pore size and high specific surface area of the electrode can promote the fast transport of cations and anions. Hence, it exhibits a high rate capability even at 30 A g–1. In addition, the electrodes remain stable during operation cell voltage at 3.4 V upon 15 000 charging–discharging cycles with 90% capacitance retention.
Obsidian source classification and defining “local” in early Holocene Southeast Alaska
Authors: Schmuck Nicholas , Carlson Risa J. , Reuther Joshua , Baichtal James F. , Butler Don H. , Carlson Eric , Rasic Jeffrey T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of obsidian in early Holocene archaeological assemblages across Southeast Alaska, artifact sourcing using bi‐plots and Principal Component Analysis has been hampered by the highly correlated geochemistry of two major sources: local Aguada Cove on Suemez Island, and distant Mount Edziza, in the Coast Mountain range. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) models constructed with device‐specific portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) source catalogs benefit from the precision of individual pXRF machines and the ability of PLS‐DA to handle highly correlated data sets to provide a source classification system that complements existing methods. Of the known obsidian sources in or near Southeast Alaska, four are identified in early Holocene archaeological assemblages: Obsidian Cove and Aguada Cove on Suemez Island, Mount Edziza in the Coast Mountain Range, and a newly identified source on Zim Creek, Kupreanof Island. A comprehensive reanalysis of early Holocene microblade cores (101 cores from 13 archaeological sites) across Southeast Alaska confirms the presence of exotic obsidian from Mount Edziza in one of the oldest sites, alongside possible evidence of landscape learning: testing of the obsidian source on Kupreanof Island. The dominance of the Obsidian Cove source for microblade core production supports hypotheses framing Northwest Coast microblade core morphology as an adaptation to the small nodules of raw material available at the source. A simple distance‐decay model indicates no relationship between core reduction intensity and distance from the source, suggesting high forager mobility characterized by regular trips to Suemez Island (a voyage of up to 380 km) throughout the early Holocene.
A Novel EphA4 Signaling-Based Therapeutic Strategy for Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Stiffel Virginia M , Rundle Charles H , Sheng Matilda H-C , Das Subhashri , Lau Kin-Hing William 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
This study took advantage of the recent discovery that the EphA4 signaling has anti-catabolic effects on osteoclasts/macrophages/synoviocytes but pro-anabolic effects on articular chondrocytes and sought to develop an EphA4 signaling-based therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) using a mouse model of OA/posttraumatic OA (PTOA). The injured joint of C57BL/6J mice received biweekly intraarticular injections of a soluble EphA4-binding ligand (EfnA4-fc) at 1 day after the tibial plateau injury or at 5 weeks post-injury. The animals were euthanized 5 weeks later. The injured right and contralateral uninjured left joints were analyzed for hallmarks of OA by histology. Relative severity was determined by a modified Mankin OA scoring system and serum COMP and CTX-II levels. Tibial plateau injury caused more severe OA in Epha4 null mice than in wild-type (WT) littermates, suggesting a protective role of EphA4 signaling in OA. A prototype strategy of an EphA4 signaling-based strategy involving biweekly injections of EfnA4-fc into injured joints was developed and was shown to be highly effective in preventing OA/PTOA when it was administered at 1 day post-injury and in treating OA/PTOA when it was applied after OA has been established. The efficacy of this prototype was dose- and time-dependent. The effects were not caused by the Fc moiety of EfnA4-fc. Other soluble EfnA ligands of EphA4, ie, EfnA1-fc and EfnA2-fc, were also effective. A prototype of a novel EphA4 signaling-based therapy was developed for OA/PTOA that not only reduces the progressive destruction of articular cartilage but may also promote regeneration of the damaged cartilage. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
FBI‐1 inhibits epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by downregulating transforming growth factor‐β1 signaling pathway
Authors: Lim Wonchul , Jeon Bu‐Nam , Kim Young‐Joo , Kim Ki‐Hwan , Ko Hyeonseok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe factor binding inducer of short transcripts‐1 (FBI‐1) is a POZ‐domain Kruppel‐like (POK) family of transcription factors and is known as a proto‐oncogene or tumor suppressor in various carcinomas. However, the role of FBI‐1 on epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasiveness in lung cancer remains unknown. Preliminarily, clinical data such as tissue microarray, Kaplan−Meier, and Oncomine were analyzed to confirm the correlation between lung cancer metastasis and FBI‐1. To investigate the function of FBI‐1 in EMT in lung cancer, EMT was measured in FBI‐1‐deficient or FBI‐1‐overexpressing cells. FBI‐1 showed decreased expression in tumors metastasized to lymph nodes than in the primary tumor. In addition, it was also associated with improved survival rates of lung cancer patients. FBI‐1 knockdown improved E‐to‐N‐cadherin switching, migration, and invasion in A549 cells, similar to the initiation of EMT stimulated by transforming growth factor‐ β1 (TGF‐β1). In contrast, overexpression of FBI‐1 inhibited the transcription and activation of Smad2, thereby interfering with EMT, despite stimulation by TGF‐β1. These results suggest that FBI‐1 plays a negative role in EMT in lung cancer via the TGF‐β1 signaling pathway, implying its use as a new potential therapeutic target and diagnostic indicator for early stage of lung cancer metastasis.
Capturing lifestyle changes and emotional experiences while having a compromised immune system during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A photo‐elicitation study
Authors: Sinko Laura , Rajabi Samira , Sinko Alyssa , Merchant Raina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to describe lifestyle and emotional changes individuals with compromised immune systems experienced during the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A survey was distributed to online support organizations for those with chronic illness and a national research volunteer registry from April to June 2020. Participants were asked to document their experiences via three photo‐elicitation prompts, followed by reflection and Likert scale questions. Forty‐seven individuals responded with 282 photos submitted. Lifestyle changes noted include shifts in wellness strategies, health management, routine, stressors, and time perception. Participants described significant distress stemming from deteriorating mental health, safety fears, isolation, health management, and longing. Wellness strategies documented included finding comfort, connection, and escape, managing uncertainty, maintaining physical health, and building resilience. These findings can increase a sense of community for immunocompromised individuals who are struggling in isolation and enhance knowledge of their day‐to‐day health needs during times of increased stress and health risk.
Diagnosis, prevalence, and mortality of sarcopenia in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shu Xiaoyu , Lin Taiping , Wang Hui , Zhao Yanli , Jiang Tingting , Peng Xuchao , Yue Jirong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is no consensus on the prevalence of sarcopenia or its impact on mortality in end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis. This review aimed to summarize the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and its prevalence and impact on the mortality of end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 8 May 2021 to retrieve eligible studies that assessed muscle mass by commonly used instruments, such as dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, and body composition monitor. Two assessment tools matched to study designs were employed to evaluate study quality. Pooled sarcopenia prevalence was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 test. Associations of sarcopenia with mortality were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. The search identified 3272 studies, and 30 studies (6162 participants, mean age from 47.5 to 77.5 years) were analysed in this review. The risk of bias in the included studies was low to moderate. Twenty‐two studies defined sarcopenia based on low muscle mass (LMM) plus low muscle strength and/or low physical performance, while eight studies used LMM alone. Muscle mass was assessed by different instruments, and a wide range of cut‐off points were used to define LMM. Overall, sarcopenia prevalence was 28.5% (95% CI 22.9–34.1%) and varied from 25.9% (I2 = 94.9%, 95% CI 20.4–31.3%; combined criteria) to 34.6% (I2 = 98.1%, 95% CI 20.9–48.2%; LMM alone) (P = 0.247 between subgroups). The statistically significant differences were not found in the subgroups of diagnostic criteria (P > 0.05) and dialysis modality (P > 0.05). Additionally, the sarcopenia prevalence could not be affected by average age [regression coefficient 0.004 (95% CI: −0.005 to 0.012), P = 0.406] and dialysis duration [regression coefficient 0.002 (95% CI −0.002 to 0.005), P = 0.327] in the meta‐regression. The pooled analyses showed that combined criteria of sarcopenia were related to a higher mortality risk [HR 1.82 (I2 = 26.3%, 95% CI 1.38–2.39)], as was LMM [HR 1.61 (I2 = 26.0%, 95% CI 1.31–1.99)] and low muscle strength [HR 2.04 (I2 = 80.4%, 95% CI 1.19–3.5)]. Although there are substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sarcopenia is highly prevalent in dialysis patients and is linked to increased mortality. The standardization of sarcopenia diagnostic criteria would be beneficial, and future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenia in dialysis patients.
Glutaminase 2 knockdown reduces hyperammonemia and associated lethality of urea cycle disorder mouse model
Authors: Mao Xia , Chen Helen , Lin Allen Z. , Kim Sun , Burczynski Michael E. , Na Erqian , Halasz Gabor , Sleeman Mark W. , Murphy Andrew J. , Okamoto Haruka , Cheng Xiping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmino acids, the building blocks of proteins in the cells and tissues, are of fundamental importance for cell survival, maintenance, and proliferation. The liver plays a critical role in amino acid metabolism and detoxication of byproducts such as ammonia. Urea cycle disorders with hyperammonemia remain difficult to treat and eventually necessitate liver transplantation. In this study, ornithine transcarbamylase deficient (Otcspf‐ash) mouse model was used to test whether knockdown of a key glutamine metabolism enzyme glutaminase 2 (GLS2, gene name: Gls2) or glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1, gene name: Glud1) could rescue the hyperammonemia and associated lethality induced by a high protein diet. We found that reduced hepatic expression of Gls2 but not Glud1 by AAV8‐mediated delivery of a short hairpin RNA in Otcspf‐ash mice diminished hyperammonemia and reduced lethality. Knockdown of Gls2 but not Glud1 in Otcspf‐ash mice exhibited reduced body weight loss and increased plasma glutamine concentration. These data suggest that Gls2 hepatic knockdown could potentially help alleviate risk for hyperammonemia and other clinical manifestations of patients suffering from defects in the urea cycle.
SUZ12 participates in the proliferation of PNH clones by regulating histone H3K27me3 levels
Authors: Chen Yingying , Liu Hui , Zeng Lijie , Li Liyan , Lu Dan , Liu Zhaoyun , Fu Rong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a disease involving hematopoietic stem cell membrane defects caused by acquired phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A (PIGA) mutations. In this study, 97 target genes were selected as a target gene panel and screened in 23 PNH patients via the sequencing of specific DNA target regions. Through functional analysis, we identified that suppressor-of-Zeste 12 (SUZ12) may be involved in the proliferation of PNH clones. mRNA and protein expression levels of SUZ12 and the trimethylation level of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27) in CD59– peripheral blood leukocytes from PNH patients were higher than those in CD59+ cells from PNH patients and peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy controls. In addition, the relative expression of SUZ12 in PNH patients was positively correlated with Ret% and the proportion of PNH clones. When we knocked down SUZ12 expression in a PIGA knockdown THP-1 cell line (THP-1 KD cells), the trimethylation of histone H3K27(H3K27me3) and cell proliferation decreased, apoptosis increased, and cell cycle arrest occurred in G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, SUZ12 participates in the proliferation of PNH clones by regulating histone H3K27me3 levels. Our results may provide new therapeutic targets and possibilities for PNH patients.