bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A guiding framework for creating a comprehensive strategy for mHealth data sharing, privacy, and governance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)
Authors: Hussein Rada , Griffin Ashley C , Pichon Adrienne , Oldenburg Jan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the numerous advances and broad applications of mobile health (mHealth), establishing concrete data sharing, privacy, and governance strategies at national (or regional) levels is essential to protect individual privacy and data usage. This article applies the recent Health Data Governance Principles to provide a guiding framework for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to create a comprehensive mHealth data governance strategy. We provide three objectives: (1) establish data rights and ownership to promote equitable benefits from health data, (2) protect people through building trust and addressing patients’ concerns, and (3) promote health value by enhancing health systems and services. We also recommend actions for realizing each objective to guide LMICs based on their unique mHealth data ecosystems. These objectives require adopting a regulatory framework for data rights and protection, building trust for data sharing, and enhancing interoperability to use new datasets in advancing healthcare services and innovation.
Presidential Address 2022: Economic Development and the Organisation Of Labour: Evidence from the Jobs of the World Project
Authors: Bandiera Oriana , Elsayed Ahmed , Heil Anton , Smurra Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Jobs of the World Project is a public resource designed to enable research on jobs and poverty across and within countries over the entire development spectrum. At its core is a new dataset assembled by harmonising Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and National Censuses (IPUMS) for all countries and all years after 1990 where data is available. The current version covers 115 countries, observed four times on average. We use the data to show how the nature of jobs and their allocation vary within countries by wealth and gender and across countries by stages of development. We discuss evidence that shows how disparities at the micro level lead to a misuse of human potential that links individual poverty to national income.
Establishment of a Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Cell Line and its Permissiveness to Arbovirus Infection
Authors: Schirtzinger Erin E , Jasperson Dane C , Swanson Dustin A , Mitzel Dana , Drolet Barbara S , Richt Juergen A , Wilson William C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A cell line was established from Culex tarsalis Coquillett embryonated eggs and designated as CxTr. The cell line is heterogeneous, composed predominantly of small, round cells, and spindle-shaped cells with a doubling time of approximately 52–60 h. The identity of the cell line was verified as Cx. tarsalis by sequencing of cytochrome oxidase I and the cells were found to be free of contaminating cells, bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. The permissiveness of CxTr cells to arbovirus infection was investigated with vaccine and wildtype arboviruses from four viral families: Flaviviridae (Japanese encephalitis virus), Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever phlebovirus), Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus), and Togaviridae (Mayaro virus). All viruses were able to infect and replicate within CxTr cells.
Inferring the intergalactic medium neutral fraction at z ∼ 6–8 with low-luminosity Lyman break galaxies
Authors: Bolan Patricia , Lemaux Brian C , Mason Charlotte , Bradač Maruša , Treu Tommaso , Strait Victoria , Pelliccia Debora , Pentericci Laura , Malkan Matthew 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a Bayesian inference on the neutral hydrogen fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM), $\overline{x}_{\small HI}$, at z ∼ 6–8 using the properties of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) during the epoch of reionization. We use large samples of LBG candidates at 5.5 ≤ z ≤ 8.2 with spectroscopy from Keck/DEIMOS and Keck/MOSFIRE. For each galaxy, we incorporate either the Lyman-α (Lyα) equivalent width (EW) for detections or the EW limit spectrum for non-detections to parametrize the EW distribution at various ultraviolet brightnesses for a given redshift. Using our reference sample of galaxy candidates from the ionized universe at z ∼ 6.0, we are able to infer $\overline{x}_{\small HI}$ at two redshifts: z ∼ 6.7 and z ∼ 7.6. This work includes intrinsically faint, gravitationally lensed galaxies at z ∼ 6.0 in order to constrain the intrinsic faint-end Lyα EW distribution and provide a comparable population of galaxies to counterparts in our sample that are at higher redshift. The inclusion of faint galaxy candidates, in addition to a more sophisticated modelling framework, allows us to better isolate effects of the interstellar medium and circumgalactic medium on the observed Lyα distribution from those of the IGM. We infer an upper limit of $\overline{x}_{\small HI}$ ≤ 0.25 (0.44) at z = 6.7 ± 0.2 and a neutral fraction of $\overline{x}_{\small HI}$ = $0.83^{+0.08}_{-0.11}$ (0.83$^{+0.11}_{-0.21}$) at z = 7.6 ± 0.6, both within 68 per cent (95 per cent) uncertainty, results that favour a moderately late and fairly rapid reionization.
Constraining the interiors of asteroids through close encounters
Authors: Dinsmore Jack T , de Wit Julien 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Knowledge of the interior density distribution of an asteroid can reveal its composition and constrain its evolutionary history. However, most asteroid observational techniques are not sensitive to interior properties. We investigate the interior constraints accessible through monitoring variations in angular velocity during a close encounter. We derive the equations of motion for a rigid asteroid’s orientation and angular velocity to arbitrary order and use them to generate synthetic angular velocity data for a representative asteroid on a close Earth encounter. We develop a toolkit AIME (Asteroid Interior Mapping from Encounters) which reconstructs asteroid density distribution from these data, and we perform injection-retrieval tests on these synthetic data to assess AIME’s accuracy and precision. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to asteroid parameters (e.g. asteroid shape and orbital elements), observational setup (e.g. measurement precision and cadence), and the mapping models used. We find that high precision in rotational period estimates (≲0.27 s) is necessary for each cadence, and that low perigees (≲ 18 Earth radii) are necessary to resolve large-scale density non-uniformities with uncertainties of $\sim 0.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the local density under some models.
Low-density star cluster formation: discovery of a young faint fuzzy on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247
Authors: Romanowsky Aaron J , Larsen Søren S , Villaume Alexa , Carlin Jeffrey L , Janz Joachim , Sand David J , Strader Jay , Brodie Jean P , Chakrabarti Sukanya , Cheng Chloe M , Crnojević Denija , Forbes Duncan A , Garling Christopher T , Hargis Jonathan R , Karunakaran Ananthan , Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Olsen Knut A G , Rider Nicole , Salimkumar Bitha , Santhanakrishnan Vakini , Spekkens Kristine , Tang Yimeng , van Dokkum Pieter G , Willman Beth 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The classical globular clusters found in all galaxy types have half-light radii of rh ∼ 2–4 pc, which have been tied to formation in the dense cores of giant molecular clouds. Some old star clusters have larger sizes, and it is unclear if these represent a fundamentally different mode of low-density star cluster formation. We report the discovery of a rare, young ‘faint fuzzy’ star cluster, NGC 247-SC1, on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247 in the nearby Sculptor group, and measure its radial velocity using Keck spectroscopy. We use Hubble Space Telescope imaging to measure the cluster half-light radius of rh ≃ 12 pc and a luminosity of LV ≃ 4 × 105L⊙. We produce a colour–magnitude diagram of cluster stars and compare to theoretical isochrones, finding an age of ≃300 Myr, a metallicity of [Z/H] ∼ −0.6 and an inferred mass of M⋆ ≃ 9 × 104M⊙. The narrow width of blue-loop star magnitudes implies an age spread of ≲50 Myr, while no old red-giant branch stars are found, so SC1 is consistent with hosting a single stellar population, modulo several unexplained bright ‘red straggler’ stars. SC1 appears to be surrounded by tidal debris, at the end of an ∼2 kpc long stellar filament that also hosts two low-mass, low-density clusters of a similar age. We explore a link between the formation of these unusual clusters and an external perturbation of their host galaxy, illuminating a possible channel by which some clusters are born with large sizes.
Interlopers speak out: studying the dark universe using small-scale lensing anisotropies
Authors: Dhanasingham Birendra , Cyr-Racine Francis-Yan , Peter Annika H G , Benson Andrew , Gilman Daniel 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Strongly lensed systems are powerful probes of the distribution of dark matter on small scales. In this paper, we show that line-of-sight haloes between the source and the observers give rise to a distinct anisotropic signature in the two-point function of the effective lensing deflection field. We show in particular that the non-linear coupling between line-of-sight haloes and the main lens plane imprints a characteristic quadrupole moment on this two-point function whose amplitude reflects the abundance of such haloes within the strongly lensed field. We discuss how, by taking ratios of different multipole moments, such observables could be made robust under the mass-sheet transform. We also demonstrate that future extremely large telescopes have the ability to detect the quadrupole moment due to this unique anisotropic signature under ideal conditions. Our approach opens the door to statistically distinguish the effect of line-of-sight haloes from that of the main-lens substructure on lensed images, hence allowing one to probe dark matter physics in a new way.
GWAS Atlas: an updated knowledgebase integrating more curated associations in plants and animals
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Tian Dongmei , Li Cuiping , Tang Bixia , Wang Zhonghuang , Zhang Rongqin , Pan Yitong , Wang Yi , Zou Dong , Zhang Zhang , Song Shuhui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
GWAS Atlas (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwas/) is a manually curated resource of genome-wide genotype-to-phenotype associations for a wide range of species. Here, we present an updated implementation of GWAS Atlas by curating and incorporating more high-quality associations, with significant improvements and advances over the previous version. Specifically, the current release of GWAS Atlas incorporates a total of 278,109 curated genotype-to-phenotype associations for 1,444 different traits across 15 species (10 plants and 5 animals) from 830 publications and 3,432 studies. A collection of 6,084 lead SNPs of 439 traits and 486 experiment-validated causal variants of 157 traits are newly added. Moreover, 1,056 trait ontology terms are newly defined, resulting in 1,172 and 431 terms for Plant Phenotype and Trait Ontology and Animal Phenotype and Trait Ontology, respectively. Additionally, it is equipped with four online analysis tools and a submission platform, allowing users to perform data analysis and data submission. Collectively, as a core resource in the National Genomics Data Center, GWAS Atlas provides valuable genotype-to-phenotype associations for a diversity of species and thus plays an important role in agronomic trait study and molecular breeding.
The clinical and molecular characteristics of progressive hypothalamic/optic pathway pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Moreira Daniel C , Bag Asim K , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Acharya Sahaja , Chiang Jason 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnresectable hypothalamic/optic pathway pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) often progresses despite multiple therapies. Identifying clinical and molecular characteristics of progressive tumors may aid in prognostication and treatment.MethodsWe collected 72 unresectable, non-neurofibromatosis type 1-associated hypothalamic/optic pathway PA to identify clinical and biologic factors associated with tumor progression. Tumors that progressed after therapy, metastasized, or resulted in death were categorized into Cohort B; those that did not meet these criteria were categorized into Cohort A. DNA methylation and transcriptome analyses were performed on treatment-naïve tumors, and the findings were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsThe median follow-up of the entire cohort was 12.3 years. Cohort B was associated with male sex (M:F = 2.6:1), younger age at diagnosis (median 3.2 years vs 6.7 years, P = .005), and high incidence of KIAA1549-BRAF fusion (81.5% vs 38.5%, P = .0032). Cohort B demonstrated decreased CpG methylation and increased RNA expression in mitochondrial genes and genes downstream of E2F and NKX2.3. Transcriptome analysis identified transcription factor TBX3 and protein kinase PIM1 as common downstream targets of E2F and NKX2.3. IHC confirmed increased expression of TBX3 and PIM1 in Cohort B tumors. Gene enrichment analysis identified enrichment of MYC targets and MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and p53 pathways, as well as pathways related to mitochondrial function.ConclusionsWe identified risk factors associated with progressive PA. Our results support the model in which the p53-PIM1-MYC axis and TBX3 act alongside MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways to promote tumor progression, highlighting potential new targets for combination therapy and refining disease prognostication.
“They Just Assume That We’re All Going to Do the Wrong Thing With It. It’s Just Not True”: Stakeholder Perspectives About Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Morales Yoelkys , Smyth Emma , Zubiago Julia , Bearnot Benjamin , Wurcel Alysse G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In the absence of adequate harm reduction opportunities, people who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for serious infections. Infectious diseases guidelines recommend extended periods of intravenous antibiotic treatment through peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), but PWID are often deemed unsuitable for this treatment. We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups to understand the perspectives and opinions of patients and clinicians on the use of PICCs for PWID.

Methods
We approached patients and clinicians (doctors, nurses, PICC nurses, social workers, and case workers) involved in patient care at Tufts Medical Center (Boston, Massachusetts) between August 2019 and April 2020 for semi-structured interviews and focus groups.

Results
Eleven of 14 (79%) patients agreed to participate in an in-depth interview, and 5 role-specific clinician focus groups (1 group consisting of infectious diseases, internal medicine, and addiction psychiatry doctors, 2 separate groups of floor nurses, 1 group of PICC nurses, and 1 group of social workers) were completed. Emergent themes included the overall agreement that PICCs improve healthcare, patients’ feelings that their stage of recovery from addiction was not taken into consideration, and clinicians’ anecdotal negative experiences driving decisions on PICCs.

Conclusions
When analyzed together, the experiences of PWID and clinicians shed light on ways the healthcare system can improve the quality of care for PWID hospitalized for infections. Further research is needed to develop a system of person-centered care for PWID that meets the specific needs of patients and improves the relationship between them and the healthcare system.
Comparison of Rhinovirus A–, B–, and C–Associated Respiratory Tract Illness Severity Based on the 5′-Untranslated Region Among Children Younger Than 5 Years
Authors: Sayama Akiko , Okamoto Michiko , Tamaki Raita , Saito-Obata Mariko , Saito Mayuko , Kamigaki Taro , Sayama Yusuke , Lirio Irene , Manalo Joanna Ina G , Tallo Veronica L , Lupisan Socorro P , Oshitani Hitoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Rhinoviruses (RVs) are among the most frequently detected viruses from hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections, being classified into RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C (4 clades: C, GAC1, GAC2, and A2). This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and respiratory tract illness severity between the RV species and RV-C clades in children in primary care and hospital settings in rural communities in the Philippines.

Methods
Clinical samples and information of children &lt;5 years old in the Philippines were collected from 2014 to 2016. The samples were tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the 5′-untranslated region. PCR-positive samples were sequenced, and RV species were identified by phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Overall, 3680 respiratory tract illness episodes in 1688 cohort children were documented; 713 of those were RV positive and identified as RV-A (n = 271), RV-B (n = 47), and RV-C (n = 395: C [n = 76], GAG1 [n = 172], GAG2 [n = 8], A2 [n = 138], and unidentified [n = 1]). Severe illnesses, low oxygen saturation, cough, and wheezing were more common in patients with RV-C, especially with GAC1, than in those with RV-A or RV-B. Furthermore, severe illness was significantly more common in RV-C (GAC1)–positive cases than in RV-A–positive cases (odds ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.17–4.13]).

Conclusions
Children infected with RV-C had more severe illnesses than children infected with RV-A and RV-B. Moreover, emerging clades of RV-C were associated with increased severity.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination of Pregnant Women for Prevention of Maternal and Early Infant Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in South Africa: A Prospective Test-Negative Study
Authors: Nunes Marta C , Walaza Sibongile , Meiring Susan , Zar Heather J , Reubenson Gary , McMorrow Meredith , Tempia Stefano , Rossi Liza , Itzikowitz Raphaela , Bishop Kate , Mathunjwa Azwifarwi , Wise Amy , Treurnicht Florette K , Hellferscee Orienka , Laubscher Matt , Serafin Natali , Cutland Clare L , Madhi Shabir A , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy reduces influenza-associated illness in the women and their infants, but effectiveness estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization are limited and lacking from settings with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevalence. We assessed the effect of maternal vaccination in HIV-uninfected women and women with HIV in preventing influenza-associated hospitalizations in infants and the women.

Methods
During 2015–2018, influenza vaccination campaigns targeting pregnant women were augmented at selected antenatal clinics; these were coupled with prospective hospital-based surveillance for acute respiratory or febrile illness in infants aged &lt;6 months and cardiorespiratory illness among pregnant or postpartum women. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was assessed using a test-negative case-control study.

Results
Overall, 71 influenza-positive and 371 influenza-negative infants were included in the analysis; mothers of 26.8% of influenza-positive infants were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with 35.6% of influenza-negative infants, corresponding to an adjusted VE (aVE) of 29.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], −33.6% to 62.3%). When limited to vaccine-matched strains, aVE was 65.2% (95% CI, 11.7%–86.3%). For maternal hospitalizations, 56 influenza-positive and 345 influenza-negative women were included in the analysis, with 28.6% of influenza-positive women being vaccinated compared with 38.3% of influenza-negatives, for an aVE of 46.9% (95% CI, −2.8% to 72.5%). Analysis restricted to HIV-uninfected women resulted in 82.8% (95% CI, 40.7%–95.0%) aVE. No significant aVE (−32.5% [95% CI, −208.7% to 43.1%]) was detected among women with HIV.

Conclusions
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy prevented influenza-associated hospitalizations among young infants when infected with vaccine strains and among HIV-uninfected women.
Effector XopQ-induced stromule formation inNicotiana benthamianadepends on ETI signaling components ADR1 and NRG1
Authors: Prautsch Jennifer , Erickson Jessica Lee , Özyürek Sedef , Gormanns Rahel , Franke Lars , Lu Yang , Marx Jolina , Niemeyer Frederik , Parker Jane E , Stuttmann Johannes , Schattat Martin Hartmut 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Nicotiana benthamiana, the expression of the Xanthomonas effector XANTHOMONAS OUTER PROTEIN Q (XopQ) triggers RECOGNITION OF XOPQ1 (ROQ1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses accompanied by the accumulation of plastids around the nucleus and the formation of stromules. Both plastid clustering and stromules were proposed to contribute to ETI-related hypersensitive cell death and thereby to plant immunity. Whether these reactions are directly connected to ETI signaling events has not been tested. Here, we utilized transient expression experiments to determine whether XopQ-triggered plastid reactions are a result of XopQ perception by the immune receptor ROQ1 or a consequence of XopQ virulence activity. We found that N. benthamiana mutants lacking ROQ1, ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1, or the helper NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT IMMUNE RECEPTORS (NLRs) N-REQUIRED GENE 1 (NRG1) and ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE 1 (ADR1), fail to elicit XopQ-dependent host cell death and stromule formation. Mutants lacking only NRG1 lost XopQ-dependent cell death but retained some stromule induction that was abolished in the nrg1_adr1 double mutant. This analysis aligns XopQ-triggered stromules with the ETI signaling cascade but not to host programmed cell death. Furthermore, data reveal that XopQ-triggered plastid clustering is not strictly linked to stromule formation during ETI. Our data suggest that stromule formation, in contrast to chloroplast perinuclear dynamics, is an integral part of the N. benthamiana ETI response and that both NRG1 and ADR1 hNLRs play a role in this ETI response.
Endophilin A2 protects against renal fibrosis by targeting TGF‐β/Smad signaling
Authors: Mai Xiaoyi , Shang Jinyan , Chen Qiuyuan , Gu Shijie , Hong Yu , Zhou Jiaguo , Zhang Minzhou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRenal fibrosis underlies all forms of end‐stage kidney disease. Endophilin A2 (EndoA2) plays a role in nephrotic syndrome; however, its effect on renal fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that EndoA2 protects against kidney interstitial fibrosis via the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad signaling pathway. Mouse kidneys with fibrosis or kidney biopsy specimens from patients with fibrotic nephropathy had lower levels of EndoA2 protein expression than that in kidneys without fibrosis. In vivo overexpression of EndoA2 with the endophilin A2 transgene (EndoA2Tg) notably prevented renal fibrosis, decreased the protein expression of profibrotic molecules, suppressed tubular injury, and reduced apoptotic tubular cells in the obstructed kidney cortex of mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In vivo and in vitro overexpression of EndoA2 markedly inhibited UUO‐ or TGF‐β1‐induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and tubular epithelial cells dedifferentiation. Furthermore, EndoA2 was co‐immunoprecipitated with the type II TGF‐β receptor (TβRII), thus inhibiting the binding of the type I TGF‐β receptor (TβRI) to TβRII. These findings indicate that EndoA2 mitigates renal fibrosis, at least partially, via modulating the TGF‐β/Smad signaling. Targeting EndoA2 may be a new potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of renal fibrosis.