bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Ophthalmic Lesions in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Inaku Kenneth O. , Ibanga Affiong , Omotoso Ayodele J. , Bassey Ima-Abasi , Okonkwo Sunday N. , Kooffreh-Ada Mbang , Ebughe Godwin A. , Ada Peter G. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Ophthalmic tumors are tumors that occur in the eyes and other related structures. These lesions involve a wide range of pathologic conditions ranging from benign to malignant lesions and are common in Africa. Although there have been a number of published reviews on this subject, none was carried out in this environment. This study seeks to determine the pattern, prevalence, and types of ophthalmic tumors reported in Calabar, southern Nigeria.

Methods:
Patient’s hospital records were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, University of Calabar teaching hospital within the period of 2008 to 2016 and analyzed to obtain required information.

Results:
A total of 70 ophthalmic tumors were diagnosed during the study period of which 50.0% were malignant. Males were slightly more affected than females (ratio 1.3:1) accounting for about 55.7%. The top three ophthalmic malignant tumors were squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma contributing 21.4%, 17.1%, and 5.7%, respectively, of all eye tumors. Dermoid cyst (8.5%) was the most common benign ophthalmic tumor reported. In all, three cancer incidence peaks were observed at 0 to 10 (42.9%), 21 to 40 (43.2%), and 41 to 50 (14.3%) age groups. Retinoblastoma was the most common cancer in children and squamous cell carcinoma was commoner among adults.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of malignant and benign eye tumors was the same in this review. A delay in diagnosis was a characteristic feature. Early presentation to eye-care facilities for appropriate and early intervention is highly recommended to prevent potential loss of eyesight and even death.
Studies of quantum mechanics/molecular docking on zanubrutinib as potential repurposed against Covid-19
Authors: Madadi Mahani Nosrat , Zia Mohammadi Sayed 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. Recently, Zanubrutinib, as a novel, selective covalent and potent inhibitor Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), has been used to treat COVID-19 patients. In this regard, the interaction of Zanubrutinib with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor studied. The docking molecular and ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6-311G: UFF) methods were conducted to investigate the binding properties of Zanubrutinib with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. The active sites of the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor is evaluated by docking molecular and is used for ONIOM2 calculations. The binding between Zanubrutinib and the BTK receptor is strong because values of the free binding energy are negative. The hydrogen bonds are formed between Zanubrutinib and three residues of the active amino acids Asn484, Arg 525, and Asn 526 at 2.69, 3.15, and 2.75 Å, respectively, which create through the O-atom, and the N-atom of Zanubrutinib. ONIOM2 calculation was displayed that the stability system in the solvent phase is higher than the gas-phase, which can occur due to the solvation of the species. Our results display the first mechanistic study of BTK inactivation by Zanubrutinib. This study can be helpful in the design of covalent drugs that target BTK and other similar targets.

KEY WORDS: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Docking molecular, Zanubrutinib, Two-layer integrated orbital molecular mechanics

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 479-485.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.19
Environmental risk assessment and chemical contamination with heavy metals in the sediments of three drains, south of Manzala lake (Egypt)
Authors: El-Amier Yasser , Haroun Samia , Mowafy Amr , Abd-Elwahed Mottia 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. Six heavy metals (Fe, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb) were measured in all 15 sediment samples collected from three drains south of Manzala Lake (Egypt). The possible environmental risks of heavy metals in the sediment of the three drains were investigated using soil indices and risk assessment. Results showed that heavy metal contamination was found at the studied sites along the three drains, and pollution levels varied depending on metals and sites. The mean concentration (mgkg-1) ranked in the order of Fe (3950) ˃ Cd (22.36) ˃ Cr (21.15) ˃ Co (19.01) ˃ Pb (14.16) ˃ Ni (10.40) for Faraskour drain, Fe (5068) ˃ Cd (30.29) ˃ Co (18.97) ˃ Cr (16.90) ˃ Ni (15.03) ˃ Pb (12.16) for Al-Etaiwy drain and Fe (56.12) ˃ Cd (19.60) ˃ Co (17.15) ˃ Ni (14.88) ˃ Cr (10.10) ˃ Pb (10.03) for Ramsis drain. The mean ranges of enrichment factor for Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and Cr were 167.5-3858, 6.11-51.78, 4.38-31.20, 1.07-11.84 and 0.61-7.43, respectively. The average degree of contamination revealed that the majority of the sites had reached very high levels of pollution, with the exception of site 1, which had reached a moderate level of contamination. The ecological risk of heavy metals can be ranked as follows: Cd > Co > Pb > Ni > Cr, and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) were 931.0, 1173 and 818.5 in the Faraskour, Al-Etaiwy and Ramsis drains, respectively. To decrease pollution in these drains, it was determined that more effective restrictions on Cd and Co were needed. In general, the mean levels of Cr, Ni, and Pb in sediments from the three drains are within the European Union (EU) and Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines (CSQGD), Cd higher than EU and CSQGD, and Co higher than EU but lower than CSQGD.

KEY WORDS: Heavy metals, Pollution indices, Environmental risk assessment, Drains, Nile Delta

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 315-327.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.6
Obsolete pesticide residue level analysis and toxicological risk evaluation from Hadya Zone dump site, Ethiopia
Authors: Nigatu Gedifew , Hussen Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. Hadya Zone (HZ) obsolete pesticide dump site was selected for determinations of OCPs from soil and assessing the toxicological risks to environment and human health. Composite soil samples were collected and extracted using Soxhlet (SOX) extraction method and analyzed for p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, α-BHC, β-BHC, g-BHC, d-BHC, g-chlordane, α-chlordane, and endosulfan sulfate using GC-MS. The total average concentrations of SDDTs, SBHCs, chlordanes, endosulfans were 41.92, 5.91, 11.47, 0.44 ng/g, respectively. DDTs, chlordanes and BHCs were categorized as causing potential risks to the eco-environment exceeding the threshold value (2.5 ng/g) set by Netherlands’ soil quality standards. However, endosulfans residual concentrations were below the threshold value. Carcinogenic risk assessments to humans were evaluated using incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) via three exposure routes (ingestion, dermal contact; inhalation). The average ILCRs values were 2.54 x 10-8, 1.68 x 10-8, and 2.71 x 10-8 for the three age groups: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, respectively. The result shows the cancer risk to humans from the soil matrix in the study site was acceptable. However, since the dumping site is at high elevation, there is high probability to be transported via runoff to different environmental matrices: river water, sediment and biota. Thus, if the residue analyses of all these environmental matrices are considered, the risk might be increasing.

KEY WORDS: Obsolete pesticide, Dump site, Toxicological risk assessment, OCPs

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 329-337.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.7
Nghiên cứu tỷ lệ kích thước chiều dày mặt bích, chiều dày thành ống và đường kính bulong trong liên kết ống thép tròn công trình tháp trụ ở Việt Nam chịu tác động xoắn
Authors: Vi Trịnh Hồng 
Published: May 2022

Đối với kết cấu tháp, trụ yếu tố quan trọng là phải tính toán kiểm tra ổn định. Kết cấu mất ổn định do xoắn là phức tạp và đặc trưng nhất với kết cấu này. Ngoài các giải pháp cấu tạo vách cứng ngang và xiên theo chiều cao. Chúng ta cần quan tâm vị trí liên kết các ống thép biên tại các đốt. Thực tế cho thấy các trường hợp công trình khi bị mất ổn định thường xảy ra phá hoại tại mối nối liên kết này.
Bài báo nhằm đưa ra kiến nghị về tỷ lệ của ba thông số chiều dày mặt bích, chiều dày thành ống và đường kính bulong trong liên kết ống thép tròn với các công trình tháp, trụ sử dụng thanh biên là ống thép tròn ở Việt Nam chịu tác động xoắn để giúp tối ưu hóa việc lựa chọn kích thước tiết diện khi thiết kế các công trình tháp trụ bằng kết cấu thép. Đảm bảo về mặt chịu lực của kết cấu và tính kinh tế khi thiết kế công trình.
Effect of physiotherapy on polycystic ovarian syndrome and lack of research
Authors: Muzna Munir  , Atif Amin Baig  , Zohra Zafar  
Published: May 2022

Madam,
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders, with a prevalence of 5–20% in women of reproductive age.(1) A recently conducted study reported that participants having PCOS diagnosed by a physician had a higher prevalence of overweight/obese women than those that self-diagnosed with PCOS.(2) Hence PCOS is the most common condition in our community and to understand it’s characteristics and how to deal with it regarding treatment is very important. While knowing about its pathological cause, chromosomal studies of patients with PCOS have shown no consistent abnormality. It is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology. So, in old days it was assumed that PCOS should be treated endocrinologically. While, a more recent report concluded that hirsute PCOS women seem to have different dietary habits and reduced physical activity than controls.(3) There are many researches on dietary habits and effects of low carbohydrate diet on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. With advancement of knowledge everyone knows about the significance of physical activity but to find the main effective treatment or regime in terms of physical therapy is difficult to find out. A systematic review on exercises therapy in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Eight manuscripts were studied and thereafter, concluded that exercise-specific interventions in PCOS are limited.(4) The results showed that even with this limited exercise interventions, there was improvement in the symptoms specifically in ovulation and weight loss. A Meta-analysis conducted in 2018 and then again in 2019 combining both, the exercise and balanced nutrition with treatment plan of 12 to 24 weeks and observed somehow improvements on PCOS patients.(5) But concluded that according to GRADE criteria, the studies were of low quality. It also had missing standardized data regarding standard physical therapy regimes for PCOS women.
Though molecular genetic studies are currently ongoing, it needs more research in this domain as there is no permanent treatment of the disease. Regarding the current studies and research, the awareness is critical so that physicians can refer their PCOS patients to a nutritionist or endocrinologist as a preventive measurement. Moreover, there are only some articles supporting exercise in PCOS. Still there is a lack of research on physiotherapy protocols and specifically physiotherapy modalities with their effect on females with PCOS which needs to be focused in future.
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ANALISA USAHA TANI KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN
Authors: Syafiruddin Syafiruddin 
Published: May 2022

Kecamatan Batangtoru terdiri dari 23 desa (19 desa dan 4 kelurahan) dengan luas wilayah 35.149 ha atau 7.91 persen dari luas wilayah kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Berkembangnya perkebunan besar swasta kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Batang Toru menyebabkan pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Jumlah responden sebanyak 30 orang, yang dipilih secara acak, artinya petani ditemui di lokasi perkebunannya dan dilanjutkan wawancara di rumah responden yang dilaksanakan bulan April – Mei 2021. Usaha kelapa sawit merupakan usaha yang sangat menjanjikan di Kecamatan Batang Toru yang didukung oleh alam (iklim dan tanah), tenaga kerja dan modal yang baik. Produksi rata-rata petani belum mampu mengimbangi produki dari perusahaan besar swasta dan perusahaan besar negera, produksinya baru mencapai 26.060 kg/ha/tahun, sedang perusahaan besar kisaran 32 – 39 ton/ha/tahun. Penerimaan petani sangat dipengaruhi harga jual Rp 1.471 - 1.483, pada kondisi harga saat penelitian petani mampu menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar Rp 24.207.962,03 /ha/tahun atau sebesar Rp 2.017.330,17 /ha/bulan. Namun, jika harga menurun sampai diangka Rp 750 /kg maka keuntungan masyarakat hanya sebesar Rp 369.521,04 per ha per bulan.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG SEMI (Zea mays L) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN PUPUK NPK
Authors: Mufriah Dini , Lisdayani Lisdayani 
Published: May 2022

Jagung semi (baby corn) sangat populer sebagai sayuran. Ketersediaan hara dalam tanah yang rendah dapat menjadi faktor pembatas dari produksi jagung semi yang cenderung memiliki perakaran pendek dan daya serap hara yang terbatas. Penambahan pupuk dan bahan organik lainnya sangat dianjurkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang kambing dan pupuk majemuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung semi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian pupuk kandang kambing yang terdiri dari K0 = 0 ton/Ha (kontrol), K1 = 5 ton/Ha (1 kg), K2 = 10 ton/Ha (2 kg). Faktor ke dua adalah pemberian pupuk NPK Y0 = 0 kg/Ha (kontrol), Y1 = 200 kg/Ha (40 gam), Y2 = 400 kg/Ha (80 gam). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian pupuk kandang kambing memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 2, 4 dan 6 minggu setelah tanam, jumlah daun umur 2 dan 4 minggu setelah tanam, diameter batang umur 2 dan 4 minggu setelah tanam, berat jagung semi per plot tanpa klobot, berat jagung semi per tanaman serta berat jagung semi per tanaman, dimana perlakuan pupuk kandang kambing terbaik pada K2 (10 ton/ha). Perlakuan pemberian pupuk NPK memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 2, dan 4 minggu setelah tanam, jumlah daun umur 4 minggu setelah tanam dimana perlakuan pupuk NPK terbaik pada Y2 (400 kg/Ha).
Liver transplantation in the Intensive Care Unit: twenty years experience in a center medium income on Peru
Authors: Cerron Cabezas Carmen Ana , Lopez Martinez Rosa Luz , Salcedo Bermudez Gino , Padilla Machaca Pedro Martin , Cardenas Ramirez Bertha Eliana , Bacilio Calderon Wilmer , Mantilla Cruzatti Omar , Rivera Romani Jose , Solar Peche Alfonso , Montufar Valer Augudberto , Espinoza Rivera Saul , Rondon Leyva Carlos Felix , Chaman Ortiz Jose Carlos 
Published: May 2022

Liver transplantation is the major treatment for end-stage liver disease. Postoperative care is a great challenge to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients. In this sense, management in the liver ICU allows hemodynamic management, coagulation monitoring, renal support, electrolyte disturbances, respiratory support and early weaning from mechanical ventilation and evaluation of the liver graft. Objective: The present study shows the results of the management of liver transplant patients in 20 years of experience in a transplant center in a low- to middle-income country. Materials and methods: The medical records of 273 adult patients in the ICU in the immediate postoperative liver transplant were reviewed, from March 20, 2000 to November 30, 2020, including the effect of the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Liver-kidney, retransplanted, SPLIT, and domino transplant patients were excluded. Results: The most frequent etiology for LTx was NASH (35%), the mean age was 49 years, MELD Score ranged 15 - 20 (47.5%), 21 - 30 (46%) > 30 (6.2%). ICU pre transplant stay 7%, average ICU stay: 7.8 days. APACHE average admission: 14.9 points. Weaning extubation of 91.8% patients in ICU and Fast Track in 8.2%. The most frequent respiratory complication was atelectasis 56.3%, pneumonia (31.3%); AKI 1 (60.9%), and 11.1% with hemodyalisis support (AKI3). Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (8.9%). Post-operative ICU mortality was 6.2%. Conclusions: The management of liver transplantation in the ICU is essential to achieve optimal results in patients who present advanced liver disease and require advanced life support in the immediate postoperative period and thus optimize graft survival.
Hemocromatosis no ligada al gen HFE: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Martínez-Ávila María Cristina , Toro-Trujillo Esteban , Alvarez-Londoño Angelina 
Published: May 2022

La hemocromatosis hereditaria (HH) consiste en una sobrecarga progresiva de hierro que conlleva a un acúmulo anormal del mismo en diferentes órganos blancos; y, que, en caso de no tratarse a tiempo, puede causar una disfunción multi-orgánica. Se han descrito diversas mutaciones genéticas asociadas a la HH, la más frecuente de ellas es la asociada al gen-HFE, la cual se encuentra en el 90% de los casos. En la actualidad la flebotomía terapéutica continúa siendo el tratamiento de elección para el manejo de esta patología. Reportamos el caso de un paciente en seguimiento por fibrosis hepática severa, con persistencia de un perfil ferrocinético elevado, a quien cinco años después se le diagnostica una HH no asociada a una mutación en el gen-HFE; recibió manejo con flebotomías periódicas, presentando rápidamente una mejoría significativa de su cuadro clínico y de los niveles de ferritina al igual que otros paraclínicos.
Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a COVID-19 en pacientes pediátricos
Authors: Fernández Gerardo , Acosta Josué 
Published: May 2022

El Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico (SIM-P) vinculado a SARS-CoV-2 es una reacción inflamatoria generalizada desarrollada aproximadamente 4-6 semanas después de haber presentado la enfermedad COVID-19. El objetivo del artículo fue analizar la inmunopatogénesis, diagnóstico y tratamiento del SIM-P. Se aplicó un diseño documental, con revisión de bibliografías en bases de datos como Embase, Redalyc, LILACS, SciELO, Springer, Elsevier, EBSCO y Google Académico, utilizando los descriptores: enfermedad por Coronavirus, enfermedad de Kawasaki, niño, inmunoglobulinas intravenosas. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos completos, publicados entre los años 2019-2022, en idiomas inglés y español. Se incluyó la revisión de 273 artículos en total rechazando 243 artículos por no contener la información a razón de búsqueda, seleccionados 30 artículos al cumplir con los criterios de elegibilidad. En los resultados SIM-P se caracteriza por fiebre, lesión miocárdica, shock y desarrollo de aneurismas de las arterias coronarias, en las pruebas de laboratorios: elevación de los marcadores de inflamación, alteraciones en las pruebas de coagulación, especialmente elevación significativa del dímero D y fibrinógeno, ascenso de los marcadores de lesión miocárdica de troponina y péptido natriurético. El tratamiento en la fase1 con la administración de inmunoglobulina G intravenosa (IGIV), corticoides, heparina de bajo peso molecular en dosis profiláctica, fase 2 una segunda dosis de IGIV y un descenso progresivo de prednisona y fase 3 utilización de terapia biológica con infliximab o tocilizumab. En las conclusiones SIM-P presenta elevación de marcadores inflamatorios, compromiso de múltiples órganos sin diagnósticos bacterianos asociados, con evidencia de infección o exposición reciente a SARS-CoV-2.
Energy and mass exchange at an urban site in mountainous terrain – the Alpine city of Innsbruck
Authors: Ward Helen Claire , Rotach Mathias Walter , Gohm Alexander , Graus Martin , Karl Thomas , Haid Maren , Umek Lukas , Muschinski Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This study represents the first detailed analysis of multi-year, near-surface turbulence observations for an urban area located in highly complex terrain. Using 4 years of eddy covariance measurements over the Alpine city of Innsbruck, Austria, the effects of the urban surface, orographic setting and mountain weather on energy and mass exchange are investigated. In terms of surface controls, the findings for Innsbruck are in accordance with previous studies at city centre sites. The available energy is partitioned mainly into net storage heat flux and sensible heat flux (each comprising about 40 % of the net radiation, Q*, during the daytime in summer). The latent heat flux is small by comparison (only about 10 % of Q*) due to the small amount of vegetation present but increases for short periods (6–12 h) following rainfall. Additional energy supplied by anthropogenic activities and heat
released from the large thermal mass of the urban surface helps to support positive sensible heat fluxes in the city all year round. Annual observed CO2 fluxes (5.1 kg C m−2 yr−1) correspond well to modelled emissions and expectations based on findings at other sites with a similar proportion of vegetation. The net CO2 exchange is dominated by anthropogenic emissions from traffic in summer and building heating in winter. In contrast to previous urban observational studies, the effect of the orography is examined here. Innsbruck's location in a steep-sided valley results in marked diurnal and seasonal patterns in flow conditions. A typical valley wind circulation is observed (in the absence of strong synoptic forcing) with moderate up-valley winds during daytime, weaker down-valley winds at night (and in winter) and near-zero wind speeds around
the times of the twice-daily wind reversal. Due to Innsbruck's location north of the main Alpine crest, southerly foehn events frequently have a marked effect on temperature, wind speed, turbulence and pollutant concentration. Warm, dry foehn air advected over the surface can lead to negative sensible
heat fluxes both inside and outside the city. Increased wind speeds and intense mixing during foehn (turbulent kinetic energy often exceeds 5 m2 s−2) help to ventilate the city, illustrated here by low CO2 mixing ratios. Radiative exchange is also affected by the orography – incoming shortwave radiation is blocked by the terrain at low solar elevation. The interpretation of the dataset is complicated by distinct temporal patterns in flow conditions and the combined influences of the urban environment, terrain and atmospheric conditions. The analysis presented here reveals how Innsbruck's mountainous setting impacts the near-surface conditions in multiple ways, highlighting the similarities with
previous studies in much flatter terrain and examining the differences in order to begin to understand interactions between urban and orographic processes.