bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating megacity-scale building height maps without DGNSS surveyed GCPs: An open-source approach
Authors: Tripathy Pratyush , Balakrishnan Krishnachandran , de Franchis Carlo , Kumar Amit 
Published: April 2022

This paper describes an open-source method for generating megacity-scale building height maps without proprietary software or Differential Global Navigation Satellite System surveyed ground control points (GCPs). We use the open-source Satellite Stereo Pipeline (S2P) software along with four scenes of 2.5m resolution Cartosat-1 data for Bengaluru to demonstrate this. Digital Surface Models (DSMs) of 5 m resolution are generated using S2P, and terrain removal is achieved using 30m SRTM data resampled to 5m. The resulting normalized DSM is calibrated and validated using 1270 GCPs. These were generated by counting the number of occupiable floors of buildings and marking zero elevation ground points. The final building height map of Bengaluru covers a total area of about 1420 km2, and across the four scenes, has RMSE values ranging from 2.8m to 3.9m—an error of approximately one floor. Furthermore, we implemented this workflow using stereo imagery for Mumbai, and the RMSE values obtained were comparable to those for Bengaluru. Hence the method we describe is a very cost-effective way of generating megacity-scale building height maps. The height maps generated using this method can be used to better understand numerous urban characteristics including land use intensity and population distribution and can play a crucial role in urban planning and policy making.
Using ANPR data to create an anonymized linked open dataset on urban bustle
Authors: Van de Vyvere Brecht , Colpaert Pieter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractANPR cameras allow the automatic detection of vehicle license plates and are increasingly used for law enforcement. However, also statistical data generated by ANPR cameras are a potential source of urban insights. In order for this data to reach its full potential for policy-making, we research how this data can be shared in digital twins, with researchers, for a diverse set of machine learning models, and even Open Data portals. This article’s key objective is to find a way to anonymize and aggregate ANPR data in a way that it still can provide useful visualizations for local decision making. We introduce an approach to aggregate the data with geotemporal binning and publish it by combining nine existing data specifications. We implemented the approach for the city of Kortrijk (Belgium) with 43 ANPR cameras, developed the ANPR Metrics tool to generate the statistical data and dashboards on top of the data, and tested whether mobility experts from the city could deduct valuable insights. We present a couple of insights that were found as a result, as a proof that anonymized ANPR data complements their currently used traffic analysis tools, providing a valuable source for data-driven policy-making.
SNARER: new molecular descriptors for SNARE proteins classification
Authors: Auriemma Citarella Alessia , Di Biasi Luigi , Risi Michele , Tortora Genoveffa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSNARE proteins play an important role in different biological functions. This study aims to investigate the contribution of a new class of molecular descriptors (called SNARER) related to the chemical-physical properties of proteins in order to evaluate the performance of binary classifiers for SNARE proteins.ResultsWe constructed a SNARE proteins balanced dataset, D128, and an unbalanced one, DUNI, on which we tested and compared the performance of the new descriptors presented here in combination with the feature sets (GAAC, CTDT, CKSAAP and 188D) already present in the literature. The machine learning algorithms used were Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors and AdaBoost and oversampling and subsampling techniques were applied to the unbalanced dataset. The addition of the SNARER descriptors increases the precision for all considered ML algorithms. In particular, on the unbalanced DUNI dataset the accuracy increases in parallel with the increase in sensitivity while on the balanced dataset D128 the accuracy increases compared to the counterpart without the addition of SNARER descriptors, with a strong improvement in specificity. Our best result is the combination of our descriptors SNARER with CKSAAP feature on the dataset D128 with 92.3% of accuracy, 90.1% for sensitivity and 95% for specificity with the RF algorithm.ConclusionsThe performed analysis has shown how the introduction of molecular descriptors linked to the chemical-physical and structural characteristics of the proteins can improve the classification performance. Additionally, it was pointed out that performance can change based on using a balanced or unbalanced dataset. The balanced nature of training can significantly improve forecast accuracy.
Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on inflammatory markers, disease severity, depression, and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Negm Mohamed , Bahaa Ahmed , Farrag Ahmed , Lithy Rania M. , Badary Hedy A. , Essam Mahmoud , Kamel Shimaa , Sakr Mohamed , Abd El Aaty Waleed , Shamkh Mostafa , Basiony Ahmed , Dawoud Ibrahim , Shehab Hany 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Intermittent fasting (IF) during the month of Ramadan is part of the religious rituals of Muslims. The effect of intermittent fasting on disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still unknown. This is the first study to assess the effect of IF during Ramadan on inflammatory markers in patients diagnosed with IBD. The effects on clinical disease activity, quality of life, and levels of depression were also assessed.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) who intended to observe Ramadan fasting were recruited. The following were assessed immediately before and at the end of Ramadan: Serum CRP and stool calprotectin, partial Mayo score, Harvey Bradshaw index (HBI), Simple IBD questionnaire (SIBDQ), and Hamilton depression scale questionnaire.

Results
80 patients diagnosed with IBD were recruited (60 UC, 20 CD). Serum CRP and stool calprotectin did not show a significant change before vs after fasting (median CRP 0.53 vs 0.50, P value = 0.27, Calprotectin 163 vs 218 respectively, P value = 0.62). The partial Mayo score showed a significant rise after fasting (median 1 before vs 1 after fasting, mean: 1.79 vs 2.33 respectively, P value = 0.02). Harvey-Bradshaw index did not show a significant change after fasting (median 4 vs 5, P value = 0.4). Multiple linear regression revealed that older age and a higher baseline calprotectin were associated with a higher change in Mayo score after fasting (P value = 0.02 and P value = 0.01, respectively). No significant change was detected in SIBDQ or Hamilton depression scale scores.

Conclusions
In patients diagnosed with UC, IF during Ramadan was associated with worsening of clinical parameters, the effect was more pronounced in older patients and those with higher baseline calprotectin levels. However, IF during Ramadan was not associated with an adverse effect on objective inflammatory markers (CRP and calprotectin).
Association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype and diabetes mellitus/hypertension: a molecular study
Authors: Guo Shengqiong , Lei Shiguang , Palittapongarnpim Prasit , McNeil Edward , Chaiprasert Angkana , Li Jinlan , Chen Huijuan , Ou Weizheng , Surachat Komwit , Qin Wan , Zhang Siyu , Luo Rujuan , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
A paucity of studies focused on the genetic association that tuberculosis (TB) patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are more likely to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with more potent virulence on anti-TB drug resistance than those without NCDs. The study aimed to document the predominant genotype, determine the association between MTB genotypes and NCD status and drug resistance.

Methods
We conducted a molecular study in 105 TB patients based on a cross-sectional study focused on the comorbid relationship between chronic conditions and TB among 1773 subjects from September 1, 2019 to August 30, 2020 in Guizhou, China. The participants were investigated through face-to-face interviews, followed by NCDs screening. The DNA of MTB isolates was extracted prior to genotyping using 24 loci MIRU-VNTR. The subsequent evaluations were performed by phylogenetic trees, combined with tests of statistical power, Chi-square or Fisher and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
The Beijing family of Lineage 2 (East Asia) was the predominant genotype accounting for 43.8% (46/105), followed by Lineage 4 (Euro-America) strains, including Uganda I (34.3%, 36/105), and the NEW-1 (9.5%, 10/105). The proportion of Beijing strain in patients with and without NCDS was 28.6% (8/28) and 49.4% (38/77), respectively, with a statistical power test value of 24.3%. No significant association was detected between MTB genotype and NCD status. A low clustering rate (2.9%) was identified, consisting of two clusters. The rates of global, mono-, poly- and multi-drug resistance were 16.2% (17/105), 14.3% (15/105), 1.0% (1/105) and 4.8% (5/105), respectively. The drug-resistant rates of rifampicin, isoniazid, and streptomycin, were 6.7% (7/105), 11.4% (12/105) and 5.7% (6/105), respectively. Isoniazid resistance was significantly associated with the Beijing genotype of Lineage 2 (19.6% versus 5.1%).

Conclusions
The Lineage 2 East Asia/Beijing genotype is the dominant genotype of the local MTB with endogenous infection preponderating. Not enough evidence is detected to support the association between the MTB genotype and diabetes/hypertension. Isoniazid resistance is associated with the Lineage 2 East Asia/Beijing strain.
Everybody nose: molecular and clinical characteristics of nasal colonization during active methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection
Authors: Reategui Schwarz Erika , van de Guchte Adriana , Dupper Amy C. , Caban Ana Berbel , Nadkarni Devika , Fox Lindsey , Mills Alexandra , Obla Ajay , Chacko Kieran I. , Oussenko Irina , Samaroo Flora , Polanco Jose , Silvera Richard , Smith Melissa L. , Patel Gopi , Gitman Melissa , Alburquerque Bremy , Chung Marilyn , Sullivan Mitchell J. , van Bakel Harm , Altman Deena R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Healthcare-associated infections pose a potentially fatal threat to patients worldwide and Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections. S. aureus is a common commensal pathogen and a frequent cause of bacteremia, with studies demonstrating that nasal and blood isolates from single patients match more than 80% of the time. Here we report on a contemporary collection of colonizing isolates from those with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections to evaluate the diversity within hosts, and detail the clinical features associated with concomitant nasal colonization.

Methods
Swabs of the bilateral anterior nares were obtained from patients diagnosed with MRSA bacteremia. A single colony culture from the blood and an average of 6 colonies from the nares were evaluated for MRSA growth. For the nares cultures, we typed multiple isolates for staphylococcal protein A (spa) and derived the clonal complexes. Demographic and clinical data were obtained retrospectively from the electronic medical record system and analysed using univariate and multivariable regression models.

Results
Over an 11-month period, 68 patients were diagnosed with MRSA bloodstream infection, 53 were swabbed, and 37 (70%) were colonized with MRSA in the anterior nares. We performed molecular typing on 213 nasal colonies. Spa types and clonal complexes found in the blood were also detected in the nares in 95% of the cases. We also found that 11% of patients carried more than one clone of MRSA in the nares. Male sex and history of prior hospitalization within the past 90 days increased odds for MRSA colonization.

Conclusion
The molecular epidemiological landscape of colonization in the setting of invasive disease is diverse and defining the interplay between colonization and invasive disease is critical to combating invasive MRSA disease.
Evolution of the consumption trend of proton pump inhibitors in the Lleida Health Region between 2002 and 2015
Authors: Torres-Bondia F. , de Batlle J. , Galván L. , Buti M. , Barbé F. , Piñol-Ripoll G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmacological groups. Their high prevalence and duration of use are of important health concern due to the risk they can cause to patients. Despite these risks, their use remains particularly high, especially in the elderly population. We determined the trend in the prevalence of PPI consumption in the population of the Lleida Health Region between 2002 and 2015 to explore patterns of use and associated characteristics.

Methods
An analysis of secular trends between 2002 and 2015 was performed. The database included all individuals who used PPIs in the Lleida Health Region, which had 358.070 inhabitants in 2015. PPI use was evaluated using prescription dispensing data from the public health system. All types of PPIs approved by the pharmaceutical agency were included. Trends were investigated by age and sex.

Results
For the whole study period, a total of 215,417 individuals accounted for 292,122 dispensations. Overall, 48% were women, and the mean age was 62 years. The dispensing prevalence of PPI use in 2015 was 18.0% overall—20.4% for women and 15.7% for men—and was 54.6% for those over 65 years. In terms of the subtypes of PPIs, 16.8% of prescriptions were for omeprazole, 0.66% were for pantoprazole, and 0.48% were for lansoprazole. The evolution of the annual PPIs dispensation prevalence showed a progressive increase from 11.3% in 2002 to 18.0% in 2015, which was attributable to an increase in the use of omeprazole (9.0% vs. 16.8%) and, to a lesser extent, esomeprazole (0.02% vs. 0.4%).

Conclusion
An increase in the prevalence of PPI dispensation was observed over 14 years of follow-up. The prevalence of dispensation was especially high for the population older than 65 years, despite the risk of cognitive decline and falls. Comprehensive actions are required to to increase rational prescribing of PPIs, especially in high-risk populations.
Current status of prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in primary care in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Xueqin , Sun Wei , Li Shan , Wang Xinmin , Huang Mao , Ji Ningfei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
China launched its new round of health care reform to develop primary care in 2009, establishing 954,390 primary care institutions that employed over 10 million staff by 2019. However, some studies have shown that the prevention and management of respiratory diseases is inadequate in these institutions.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of grassroots institutions throughout China between September and December 2020 based on the standardized Prevention and Treatment System and Capacity Building Project of Respiratory Diseases in primary care settings. The operation of the respiratory department in primary health care institutions was evaluated in terms of facilities, drugs, personnel and management of chronic diseases by means of questionnaires. Descriptive analyses were performed to calculate percentages and frequencies of key parameters.

Results
A total of 144 primary health care institutions were surveyed, including 51 in the east, 82 in the west, 9 in the central and 2 in the northeast. Approximately 60% of institutions had spirometers and pulse oximeters. The majority had short-acting bronchodilators, theophylline, systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine. More than half had at least one respiratory physician and operator for spirometry. Half of the institutions carried out screening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within the jurisdiction. The institutions in the east were superior to those in the west regarding the equipment, common drugs, medical staff, and management of respiratory diseases.

Conclusions
The study reveals that the overall operation of the respiratory department in primary care settings needs to be further strengthened. It is crucial to provide adequate essential equipment, medical professionals, and medicines for proper diagnosis and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, as well as improving the management of diseases.
External validation of the T.O.HO. score as predictor of success after retrograde intrarenal surgery
Authors: Senel Samet , Kasap Yusuf , Kizilkan Yalcin , Tastemur Sedat , Ozden Cuneyt 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the effectiveness of T.O.HO. (Tallness, Occupied lesion, Houndsfield unit evaluation) score in predicting the retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) success and to validate this scoring system.

Methods
The age, sex, previous stone surgery, hospitalization, surgery duration, postoperative complication, stone length, stone location, stone density, stone number, lateralization, presence of hydronephrosis, and presence of preoperative stent datas of 611 patients who underwent RIRS in our clinic between January 2013 and January 2021 were retrospectively assessed. The patients were divided into two groups as successful and unsuccessful. The T.O.HO scores of all patients were calculated.

Results
The success rate was 72.5%. Compared to the unsuccessful group, stone length and stone density were lower, surgery duration was shorter and there were less lower pole stones in the successful group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the other parameters. The T.O.HO. score was significantly lower in the successful group compared to the unsuccessful group (p < 0.001). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, stone length (OR: 0.905; 95% Cl: 0.866–0.946; p < 0.001), lower pole location (OR: 0.546; 95% Cl: 0.013–0.296; p < 0.001), stone density (OR: 0.999; 95% Cl: 0.998–1; p = 0.044) and the T.O.HO. score (OR: 0.684; 95%Cl: 0.554–0.844; p < 0.001) were found as the independent risk factors for RIRS success. ROC curve analysis showed that the T.O.HO. score could predict the RIRS success with 7.5 cut-off point (AUC: 0.799, CI: 0.76–0.839; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The T.O.HO. score can predict RIRS success with a high rate of accuracy.
Role of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) on TGF-β1, type I collagen, and fibrosis degree in bladder obstruction model of Wistar rats
Authors: Siregar Safendra , Herlambang Mochamad Sri , Reza Muhammad , Mustafa Akhmad , Stefanus Dicky 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionBladder outlet obstruction (BOO) was caused by a series of histological and biochemical changes in the bladder wall, through the inflammation process in the bladder wall, hypertrophy and fibrosis. ADSC has an important role in bladder regeneration.Methods and materialsThis study was an experimental randomized study using male Wistar rats which were monitored at 2 and 4 weeks to determine the effect of ADSC therapy on TGF-β1 type I collagen, and degree of fibrosis.ResultRats were divided into 5 groups. In the week 2 BOO group, 1 sample included in the category of moderate fibrosis, 1 sample that was given ADSC with mild fibrosis category, 3 samples included in severe fibrosis category, 3 samples that were given ADSC included in the category of moderate fibrosis. The concentration of TGF-β1 in the hADSC therapy group was significantly lower than the control group at the 2nd and 4th week of monitoring (p2 = 0.048, p4 = 0.048), and also with more type I collagen on 2nd and the 4th week (p2 = 0.048, p4 = 0.048).ConclusionADSC therapy can reduce the concentration of TGF-β1, type I collagen, and degree of fibrosis in the male Wistar BOO model.
Machine learning to predict no reflow and in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction that underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Deng Lianxiang , Zhao Xianming , Su Xiaolin , Zhou Mei , Huang Daizheng , Zeng Xiaocong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The machine learning algorithm (MLA) was implemented to establish an optimal model to predict the no reflow (NR) process and in-hospital death that occurred in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).

Methods
The data were obtained retrospectively from 854 STEMI patients who underwent pPCI. MLA was applied to predict the potential NR phenomenon and confirm the in-hospital mortality. A random sampling method was used to split the data into the training (66.7%) and testing (33.3%) sets. The final results were an average of 10 repeated procedures. The area under the curve (AUC) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the receiver operator characteristic were measured.

Results
A random forest algorithm (RAN) had optimal discrimination for the NR phenomenon with an AUC of 0.7891 (95% CI: 0.7093–0.8688) compared with 0.6437 (95% CI: 0.5506–0.7368) for the decision tree (CTREE), 0.7488 (95% CI: 0.6613–0.8363) for the support vector machine (SVM), and 0.681 (95% CI: 0.5767–0.7854) for the neural network algorithm (NNET). The optimal RAN AUC for in-hospital mortality was 0.9273 (95% CI: 0.8819–0.9728), for SVM, 0.8935 (95% CI: 0.826–0.9611); NNET, 0.7756 (95% CI: 0.6559–0.8952); and CTREE, 0.7885 (95% CI: 0.6738–0.9033).

Conclusions
The MLA had a relatively higher performance when evaluating the NR risk and in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI and could be utilized in clinical decision making.
Acromion-axillary nerve distance and its relation to the arm length in the prediction of the axillary nerve position: a clinical study
Authors: Yildirim Cem , Demirel Mehmet , Bayram Erhan , Ekinci Mehmet , Yılmaz Murat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Because of the broad anatomic variation in the course of the axillary nerve, several cadaveric studies have investigated the acromion-axillary nerve distance and its association with the humeral length to predict the axillary nerve location. This study aimed to analyze the acromion-axillary nerve distance (AAND) and its relation to the arm length (AL) in patients who underwent internal plate fixation for proximal humerus fractures.

Methods
The present prospective study involved 37 patients (15 female, 22 male; the mean age = 51 years, age range 19–76) with displaced proximal humerus fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation. After anatomic reduction and fixation were achieved, the following parameters were measured in each patient before wound closure without making an extra incision or dissection: (1) the distance from the anterolateral edge of the acromion to the course of the axillary nerve was recorded as the acromion-axillary nerve distance and (2) the distance from the anterolateral edge of the acromion to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus was recorded as arm length. The ratio of AAND to AL was then calculated and recorded as the axillary nerve index (ANI).

Results
The mean AAND was 6 ± 0.36 cm (range 5.5–6.6), and the mean arm length was 32.91 ± 2.9 cm (range 24–38). The mean axillary nerve ratio was 0.18 ± 0.02 (range 0.16 to 0.23). There was a significant moderate positive correlation between AL and AAND (p = 0.006; r = 0.447). The axillary nerve location was predictable in only 18% of the patients.

Conclusion
During the anterolateral deltoid-splitting approach to the shoulder joint, 5.5 cm from the anterolateral edge of the acromion could be considered a safe zone to prevent possible axillary nerve injury.