bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of paclitaxel carried in solid lipid nanoparticles to prevent peritoneal fibrosis in rats
Authors: Silva Filipe M. O. , Carvalho Priscila O. , Costalonga Elerson C. , Pepineli Rafael , Maranhão Raul C. , Noronha Irene L. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Progressive fibrous thickening of peritoneal membrane (PM) is a major complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. TGF-β/SMAD pathway activation, inflammation and neoangiogenesis have an important role in PM changes induced by peritoneal dialysis. Here, we investigated the effects of paclitaxel (PTX) carried in lipid core nanoparticles (LDE) on the development of peritoneal fibrosis (PF) in rats.

Methods
To induce PF, 21 male Wistar rats (300-350g) were injected with chlorhexidine gluconate for 15 consecutive days and randomly assigned to three groups: 1)PF, n = 5: no treatment; 2)LDE, n = 8: treated with LDE only, 3/3 days during 15 days; 3)LDE-PTX, n = 8: treated with PTX (4mg/kg) associated with LDE, 3/3 days during 15 days. A Control group without PF induction (n = 5) was designed, received saline solution, 3/3 days. Peritoneum function tests were performed, and anterior abdominal wall samples of the PM were collected for analyses of peritoneal thickness, immunohistochemitry, and gene expression.

Results
LDE-PTX treatment preserved the membrane function, maintaining the ultrafiltration rate and mass transfer of glucose at normal levels. LDE-PTX also prevented PM thickening induced by chlorhexidine gluconate injections. LDE-PTX treatment reduced the number of myofibroblasts infiltrating PM and inhibited the cell proliferation. Gene expression of fibronectin, FSP-1, VEGF, TGF-β, and SMAD3 were reduced by LDE-PTX.

Conclusions
LDE-PTX was effective to prevent development of PF and preserve the PM filtration capacity in this rat model, with clear-cut actions on pro-fibrotic mechanisms. Thus, LDE-PTX can be candidate for future clinical trials as adjuvant to peritoneal dialysis to prevent PF development, since this preparation is devoid of toxicity as shown previously.
Road traffic accident-related thoracic trauma: Epidemiology, injury pattern, outcome, and impact on mortality—A multicenter observational study
Authors: Benhamed Axel , Ndiaye Amina , Emond Marcel , Lieutaud Thomas , Boucher Valérie , Gossiome Amaury , Laumon Bernard , Gadegbeku Blandine , Tazarourte Karim 
Published: May 2022

Background
Thoracic trauma is a major cause of death in trauma patients and road traffic accident (RTA)-related thoracic injuries have different characteristics than those with non-RTA related thoracic traumas, but this have been poorly described. The main objective was to investigate the epidemiology, injury pattern and outcome of patients suffering a significant RTA-related thoracic injury. Secondary objective was to investigate the influence of serious thoracic injuries on mortality, compared to other serious injuries.

Methods
We performed a multicenter observational study including patients of the Rhône RTA registry between 1997 and 2016 sustaining a moderate to lethal (Abbreviated Injury Scale, AIS≥2) injury in any body region. A subgroup (AISThorax≥2 group) included those with one or more AIS≥2 thoracic injury. Descriptive statistics were performed for the main outcome and a multivariate logistic regression was computed for our secondary outcome.

Results
A total of 176,346 patients were included in the registry and 6,382 (3.6%) sustained a thoracic injury. Among those, median age [IQR] was 41 [25–58] years, and 68.9% were male. The highest incidence of thoracic injuries in female patients was in the 70–79 years age group, while this was observed in the 20–29 years age group among males. Most patients were car occupants (52.3%). Chest wall injuries were the most frequent thoracic injuries (62.1%), 52.4% of which were multiple rib fractures. Trauma brain injuries (TBI) were the most frequent concomitant injuries (29.1%). The frequency of MAISThorax = 2 injuries increased with age while that of MAISThorax = 3 injuries decreased. A total of 16.2% patients died. Serious (AIS≥3) thoracic injuries (OR = 12.4, 95%CI [8.6;18.0]) were strongly associated with mortality but less than were TBI (OR = 27.9, 95%CI [21.3;36.7]).

Conclusion
Moderate to lethal RTA-related thoracic injuries were rare. Multiple ribs fractures, pulmonary contusions, and sternal fractures were the most frequent anatomical injuries. The incidence, injury pattern and mechanisms greatly vary across age groups.
Branch Optimal Power Flow Model for DC Networks with Radial Structure: A Conic Relaxation
Authors: Montoya Giraldo Oscar Danilo , Arias-Londoño Andrés , Molina-Cabrera Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: This work involves a convex-based mathematical reformulation for the optimal power flow problem in DC networks. The objective of the proposed optimization model corresponds to the minimization of the power losses through all the network branches considering a convex conic model that warranties finding the global optimal.
Methodology: This is split into three stages: The first stage presents the mathematical model of optimal power flow for DC networks and all its geometric features that make it non-convex; the second stage presents the convex reformulation from a second order conic relaxation; the third stage shows the main characteristics of the DC system under study; and the fourth stage presents the optimal solution of the power flow problem and its comparisons with some methods reported in the specialized literature.
Results: The numerical validations demonstrate that the model of proposed convex optimal power flow obtains the same solution as the exact model of the problem with an efficiency of 100%, which is in contrast with the variability of the results that are presented by the metaheuristic techniques reported as comparison methodologies.
Conclusions: The proposed second-order conic relaxation warrantied the convexity of the solution space and therefore, the finding of the optimal solution at each execution; besides of this, demonstrated that for optimal power flow problems in DC networks, the numerical performance is better than most of the comparative metaheuristic methods; and the provided solution by the proposed relaxation is equivalent to that provided by the exact model.
Keywords: Direct current networks, second-order conic relaxation, non-linear programming model, convex optimization.
Third-Party-Tracking bei Wiley und Springer
Authors: Freiberg Michael 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die großen internationalen Wissenschaftsverlage sind wegen des Trackings auf ihren Webseiten zunehmend in Kritik geraten. Ihnen wird vorgeworfen, persönliche Daten über Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler und deren Aktivitäten im Netz zu sammeln, um diese zu monetarisieren. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Tracking-Mechanismen in den Online-Angeboten von Springer Nature und Wiley eingesetzt werden, wie sie sich über den Browser unterbinden lassen und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für wissenschaftliche Infrastruktureinrichtungen ergeben können.
Auf dem Weg der digitalen Transformation: Neubau der Bibliothek des Leibniz-Instituts für Bildungsmedien | Georg-Eckert-Institut (GEI)
Authors: Hertling Anke 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Zielgruppe der Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler findet in den Auseinandersetzungen um neue Konzepte im Bibliotheksbau bislang kaum Berücksichtigung. Für die neue Bibliothek des Leibniz-Instituts für Bildungsmedien (GEI) lag es deshalb nahe, ihre engen Kontakte zur Forschung zu nutzen und ihre Community in die Planungen mit einzubeziehen. Neben den ermittelten Bedarfen für ein hybrides und zunehmend kollaboratives Arbeiten war das Interesse am GEI groß, sich über Forschungsräume der Zukunft auszutauschen und sich vom Primat des Digitalen sowie von Pop-up Stores und Labs inspirieren zu lassen.
On the characterization of rational homotopy types and Chern classes of closed almost complex manifolds
Authors: Milivojević Aleksandar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We give an exposition of Sullivan’s theorem on realizing rational homotopy types by closed smooth manifolds, including a discussion of the necessary rational homotopy and surgery theory, adapted to the realization problem for almost complex manifolds: namely, we give a characterization of the possible simply connected rational homotopy types, along with a choice of rational Chern classes and fundamental class, realized by simply connected closed almost complex manifolds in real dimensions six and greater. As a consequence, beyond demonstrating that rational homotopy types of closed almost complex manifolds are plenty, we observe that the realizability of a simply connected rational homotopy type by a simply connected closed almost complex manifold depends only on its cohomology ring. We conclude with some computations and examples.
The effect of resistance training on serum levels of sex hormones and sperm quality in male rats under X-ray radiation
Authors: Bayatiani Mohammadreza , Seif Fatemeh , Molavi Shiva , Ansari Zahra , Parastesh Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The present study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training on sex hormones and sperm parameters in male rats under X-ray.

Methods
In this experimental study, 24 Sprague Dawley rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy control, irradiated control, healthy training and irradiated training. Irradiation was induced at a dose of 4 Gy on the whole body. The resistance training protocol was performed for 10 weeks. Finally, blood serum was used to assess FSH, LH and testosterone and sperm quality. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results
The results showed that radiation significantly reduced serum levels of LH (p=0.42), FSH (p=0.001) and testosterone (p=0.28) between radiation control and healthy control groups. Also, no significant difference was observed between serum levels of LH (p=0.135) and testosterone (p=0.419) in radiation resistance training and the healthy control groups. In addition, significant differences were observed between radiation resistance training and radiation control groups in sperm parameters such as sperm count (p=0.02) and progressively motile sperm (p=0.031).

Conclusions
It seems that short-term resistance training can improve sperm parameters, including sperm count and sperm motility through increasing serum levels testosterone and LH in male rat under X-ray.
Causal inference with imperfect instrumental variables
Authors: Miklin Nikolai , Gachechiladze Mariami , Moreno George , Chaves Rafael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Instrumental variables allow for quantification of cause and effect relationships even in the absence of interventions. To achieve this, a number of causal assumptions must be met, the most important of which is the independence assumption, which states that the instrument and any confounding factor must be independent. However, if this independence condition is not met, can we still work with imperfect instrumental variables? Imperfect instruments can manifest themselves by violations of the instrumental inequalities that constrain the set of correlations in the scenario. In this article, we establish a quantitative relationship between such violations of instrumental inequalities and the minimal amount of measurement dependence required to explain them for the case of discrete observed variables. As a result, we provide adapted inequalities that are valid in the presence of a relaxed measurement dependence assumption in the instrumental scenario. This allows for the adaptation of existing and new lower bounds on the average causal effect for instrumental scenarios with binary outcomes. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of quantum mechanics.
Response of small mammal species to landscape metrics in a highly fragmented area in the Atlantic forest of southern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Daniele Pereira , Konzen Maurício Quoos , Decian Vanderlei Secretti , Hartmann Marilia , Galiano Daniel , Hartmann Paulo Afonso 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The high rate of destruction of natural habitats has diminished fragments size, which negatively impacts small mammal community species richness and composition. We investigated the abundance of small non-flying mammal species in association with three landscape metrics: the size of the fragment (AREA); the shape index of the fragment (SHAPE); and the size of the central area of the fragment (CORE) in six forest fragments in a highly fragmented landscape of southern Brazil. Three rodent species (Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Sooretamys angouya) and one marsupial species (Gracilinanus microtarsus) were captured in total. We used generalized linear models to test the influence of the landscape metrics on the abundance of the three most abundant species of small mammals captured (A. montensis, O. nigripes and S. angouya). Among the three species analyzed, A. montensis presented a significant negative association with the metric CORE; O. nigripes and S. angouya presented a positive association with the metric AREA and negative with the metric CORE. The negative association of A. montensis, O. nigripes and S. angouya with the core area of the fragments, and the absence of association of all species with the shape of the fragments indicate that these species might benefit from the effects of habitat fragmentation.
Die Eucharistie als Sakrament der Einheit
Authors: Heckel Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Analog zur wechselseitigen Anerkennung der Taufe in der Magdeburger Erklärung beabsichtigt das Votum „Gemeinsam am Tisch des Herrn“ eine gegenseitige Einladung zur Mahlfeier. Im Johannesevangelium ist das Eins-Sein (17,11.21–23) bedroht durch den Konflikt mit Dieb, Räuber und Wolf (Joh 10,1.8.12) als Verkörperung der Antichristen (1Joh 2,18 f.22), die als Doketen leugnen, dass Christus im Fleisch gekommen ist (1Joh 4,2 f; 2Joh 7). Angesichts dieser Spaltung (Joh 6,60 f) wird die Teilnahme an der Eucharistie zum Testfall für das Bekenntnis zur Inkarnation (1Joh 4,2; Joh 1,14): „Wer mein Fleisch isst und trinkt mein Blut, der bleibt in mir und ich in ihm“ (6,56). Die Eucharistie ist das Sakrament der Einheit, durch das die Kirche eins wird und bleibt mit dem einen Hirten (10,16). Besteht in diesem Glauben Einigkeit, gibt es keinen Grund, die Einladung zur Eucharistie zu verwehren.
Asymptotic analysis of hepatitis B epidemic model using Caputo Fabrizio fractional operator
Authors: Cui Ting , Liu Peijiang , Din Anwarud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA mathematical model representing the temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is discussed in this research work. This is based on the asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic individuals keeping in view the characteristics of the disease. We also incorporate the vaccination parameter to vaccinate susceptible individuals. Moreover, we use fractional calculus to extend the model to its associated fractional-order. For this, we particularly use the fractional operator of the Caputo-Fabrizio type to fractionalize the proposed model. First, the model formulation has been derived in classic order and then extended to its associated fractional-order version for generalization. The model equilibria was calculated, and the basic reproductive number was found. Then we will discuss the existence with properties of the uniqueness of the proposed fractional version of the model that is under consideration. The positivity with boundedness is shown to investigate that the considered model is feasible biologically as well as mathematically. Finally, we use the Mittag–Leffler approach to visualize the model of fractional-order and to support the results carried out in the theocratical part. We also demonstrate the solution curves for different values of the fractional parameter to differentiate between integer-order and fractional-order on the disease transmission.
Die Logik der Ambiguität – ein Überblick
Authors: Diergarten Pia 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Im Beitrag wird der Logik der Ambiguität in zwei Anläufen nachgegangen. Zuerst wird in dem Versuch der Herstellung einer systematischen Ordnung beschrieben, aus welchen disziplinären Perspektiven Ambiguität heute in den Blick kommt und wie sie im Laufe ihrer Geschichte, d. h. der dokumentierten Begriffsgeschichte, thematisiert wurde: als zu vermeidender Ausnahmefall, als unumgänglicher Normalfall oder als anzustrebender Glücksfall. Danach wird aus vorwiegend philosophiehistorischer Perspektive die Logik der Ambiguität anhand ihrer beiden Momente ‚Möglichkeit‘ und ‚Pluralität‘ vor dem Hintergrund der Postmodernephilosophie Zygmunt Baumans und Jean-François Lyotards skizziert.
Ambiguitätstoleranz – eine Dimension religionspädagogischer Hermeneutik?
Authors: Meyer-Blanck Michael 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
In dem Artikel wird die in letzter Zeit vermehrt diskutierte Kategorie der „Ambiguitätstoleranz“ als ein wichtiger Aspekt der Theorie und Praxis des religiösen Lernens erläutert. Dabei wird zunächst gezeigt, dass die Theorie des religiösen Lernens eine Form von Hermeneutik ist: Es geht dabei um das Verstehen des Selbst, um das Verstehen von Religion und das Verstehen religiöser Bildung und Entwicklung. Die religionsbezogene Hermeneutik wird religiöse Gegenstände und Menschen als grundsätzlich mehrdeutig („ambiguitär“) zeigen und so zu Toleranz gegenüber der Vielfalt und inneren Mehrdeutigkeit des Religiösen befähigen. Die Mehrdeutigkeit bezieht sich dabei auch auf den Kern des eigenen Glaubens, im Falle des Christentums auf die Aussagen über Gott, den Vater Jesu Christi und die Auferstehung der Toten.
In patients with anorexia nervosa, myokine levels are altered but are not associated with bone mineral density loss and bone turnover alteration
Authors: Maïmoun Laurent , Mariano-Goulart Denis , Huguet Helena , Renard Eric , Lefebvre Patrick , Picot Marie-Christine , Dupuy Anne-Marie , Cristol Jean-Paul , Courtet Philippe , Boudousq Vincent , Avignon Antoine , Guillaume Sébastien , Sultan Ariane 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
The two-fold aim of this study was: (i) to determine the effects of undernutrition on the myokines in patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) and (ii) to examine the potential link between myokines and bone parameters.

Methods
In this study, 42 young women with restrictive AN and 42 age-matched controls (CON) (mean age, 18.5 ± 4.2 years and 18.6 ± 4.2 years, respectively) were enrolled. aBMD and body composition were determined with DXA. Resting energy expenditure (REEm), a marker of energy status, was indirectly assessed by calorimetry. Bone turnover markers and myokines (follistatin, myostatin and irisin) were concomitantly evaluated.

Results
AN patients presented low aBMD at all bone sites. REEm, bone formation markers, myostatin and IGF-1 were significantly lower, whereas the bone resorption marker and follistatin were higher in AN compared with controls. No difference was observed between groups for irisin levels. When the whole population was studied, among myokines, only myostatin was positively correlated with aBMD at all bone sites. However, multiple regression analyses showed that in the AN group, the independent variables for aBMD were principally amenorrhoea duration, lean tissue mass (LTM) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP). For CON, the independent variables for aBMD were principally LTM, age and PINP. Whatever the group analysed, none of the myokines appeared as explicative independent variables of aBMD.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that despite the altered myokine levels in patients with AN, their direct effect on aBMD loss and bone turnover alteration seems limited in comparison with other well-known disease-related factors such as oestrogen deprivation.
Hypertonic saline for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia: real-world findings from the UK
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Fahad , Iqbal Ahmed , Weeks James , Fonseca Ines , Munir Alia , Bennet William 
Published: May 2022

Objective
To evaluate ‘real-world’ safety and efficacy of the European Society of Endocrinology guidelines for the treatment of severe symptomatic hyponatraemia using hypertonic saline (HTS).

Design
Retrospective, observational, cohort study, examining the use of HTS for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals between 2017 and 2020.

Methods
Patients were identified from pharmacy records and demographic, clinical, and treatment data extracted.

Results
Out of 112 patients (females:males = 61:51), the mean age ± s.d. was 66.3± 16.0 years and mean pre-treatment serum sodium ± s.d. was 113.8 ± 6.4 mmol/L. Overall, overcorrection rates at 24 and 48 h (>10 and >18 mmol/L) were 44.9 and 19.6%, respectively, while 19.6% of patients were treated for overcorrection. Above-target rise in sodium (>5 mmol/L) after first and second boluses was noted in 22.6 and 34.6% of patients, respectively. In-hospital and 12-month mortality was 7.1 and 18.7%, respectively, with no cases of osmotic demyelination. The mean venous blood gas (VBG) sodium was 1.9 mmol/L lower than paired serum sodium (n  = 36) (113.6 ± 6.6 vs 115.7 ± 7.8 mmol/L).

Conclusion
We report real-world data demonstrating that a significant number of patients overcorrected using current guidelines. Also, several patients had above-target rise in sodium after one bolus of HTS, and sodium measurement should be considered before the second bolus unless ongoing severe symptoms persist. A point of care VBG sodium concentration was useful for this purpose. In addition to careful monitoring, a cautious but anticipatory overcorrection prevention strategy should be considered in the first 24 h.
Inheritance of a common androgen synthesis variant allele is associated with female COVID susceptibility in UK Biobank
Authors: McManus Jeffrey M , Sabharwal Navin , Bazeley Peter , Sharifi Nima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
A sex discordance in COVID exists, with males disproportionately affected. Although sex steroids may play a role in this discordance, no definitive genetic data exist to support androgen-mediated immune suppression neither for viral susceptibility nor for adrenally produced androgens.

Objective
The common adrenal-permissive missense-encoding variant HSD3B1(1245C) that enables androgen synthesis from adrenal precursors and that has been linked to suppression of inflammation in severe asthma was investigated in COVID susceptibility and outcomes reported in the UK Biobank.

Methods
The UK Biobank is a long-term study with detailed medical information and health outcomes for over 500 000 genotyped individuals. We obtained COVID test results, inpatient hospital records, and death records and tested for associations between COVID susceptibility or outcomes and HSD3B1(1245A/C) genotype. Primary analyses were performed on the UK Biobank Caucasian cohort. The outcomes were identification as a COVID case among all subjects, COVID positivity among COVID-tested subjects, and mortality among subjects identified as COVID cases.

Results
Adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) genotype was associated with identification as a COVID case (odds ratio (OR): 1.11 per C allele, 95% CI: 1.04–1.18, P  = 0.0013) and COVID-test positivity (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, P  = 0.011) in older (≥70 years of age) women. In women identified as COVID cases, there was a positive linear relationship between age and 1245C allele frequency (P  &lt; 0.0001). No associations were found between genotype and mortality or between genotype and circulating sex hormone levels.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that a common androgen synthesis variant regulates immune susceptibility to COVID infection in women, with increasingly strong effects as women age.