bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging in coparenting changes in couple therapy: Two contrasting cases
Authors: Eira Nunes Cindy , Antonietti Jean‐Philippe , Darwiche Joëlle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFollowing the task analysis method, this study aimed to confirm the relevance of our model of resolving coparenting dissatisfaction to differentiate between two contrasting couples undergoing couple therapy. The model under study described the steps through which couples resolve coparenting issues in couple therapy for parents. Two contrasting couples were selected from a sample of parents undergoing systemic couple therapy. We analyzed videotaped discussions about the couple's coparenting relationship to select one couple whose interaction quality improved after therapy and one couple who worsened. Records of therapy sessions were rated by two independent coders to verify whether the model of coparenting change was present. Results showed that the couple that improved after therapy presented almost all the steps of the model whereas the couple that worsened after therapy presented only two steps. This study supported the relevance of the model and its various components to discriminate between two contrasting cases.
The effects of measurement parameters on the cancerous cell nucleus characterisation by atomic force microscopy in vitro
Authors: Zhu Jiajing , Tian Yanling , Yan Jin , Hu Jing , Wang Zuobin , Liu Xianping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer is now responsible for the major leading cause of death worldwide. It is noteworthy that lung cancer has been recognised as the highest incidence (11.6%) and mortality (18.4%) for combined sexes among a variety of cancer diseases. Therefore, it is of great value to investigate the mechanical properties of lung cancerous cells for early diagnosis. This paper focus on the influence of measurement parameters on the measured central Young's moduli of single live A549 cell in vitro based on the force spectroscopy mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of the measurement parameters on the measured central Young's moduli were analysed by fitting the force–depth curves utilising the Sneddon model. The results revealed that the Young's moduli of A549 cells increased with the larger indentation force, higher indentation speed, less retraction time, deeper Z length and lower purity percentage of serum. The Young's moduli of cells increased first and then decreased with the increasing dwell time. Hence, this research may have potential significance to provide reference for the standardised detection of a single cancerous cell in vitro using AFM methodologies.
Distinguishing Cushing's disease from the ectopic ACTH syndrome: Needles in a haystack or hiding in plain sight?
Authors: Hayes Aimee R. , Grossman Ashley B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the context of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome, ectopic ACTH secretion from a neuroendocrine tumour is not uncommon, and needs to be carefully differentiated from pituitary‐dependent Cushing's syndrome, Cushing's disease, in order to optimise therapy. Some cases may be quite obvious, while in others the diagnosis may be difficult to confirm and the source of ACTH problematic, as many clinical and biochemical tests may overlap with Cushing's disease. Imaging is essential, but needs to be interpreted in the light of both anatomical as well as functional imaging modalities. In this review we summarise some of the main diagnostic problems, and emphasise the multimodal and interdisciplinary nature of the diagnostic pathways.
Osteohistological description of ostrich and emu long bones, with comments on markers of growth
Authors: Ong Nathan , Hart‐Farrar Brenna , Tremaine Katie , Woodward Holly N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOstriches and emus are among the largest extant birds and are frequently used as modern analogs for the growth dynamics of non‐avian theropod dinosaurs. These ratites quickly reach adult size in under 1 year, and as such do not typically exhibit annually deposited growth marks. Growth marks, commonly classified as annuli or lines of arrested growth (LAGs), represent reduced or halted osteogenesis, respectively, and their presence demonstrates varying degrees of developmental plasticity. Growth marks have not yet been reported from ostriches and emus, prompting authors to suggest that they have lost the plasticity required to deposit them. Here we observe the hind limb bone histology of three captive juvenile emus and one captive adult ostrich. Two of the three juvenile emus exhibit typical bone histology but the third emu, a 4.5‐month‐old juvenile, exhibits a regional arc of avascular tissue, which we interpret as a growth mark. As this mark is not present in the other two emus from the same cohort and it co‐occurs with a contralateral broken fibula, we suggest variable biomechanical load as a potential cause. The ostrich exhibits a complete ring of avascular, hypermineralized bone with sparse, flattened osteocyte lacunae. We identify this as an annulus and interpret it as slowing of growth. In the absence of other growth marks and lacking the animal's life history, the timing and cause of this ostrich's reduced growth are unclear. Even so, these findings demonstrate that both taxa retain the ancestral developmental plasticity required to temporarily slow growth. We also discuss the potential challenges of identifying growth marks using incomplete population data sets and partial cortical sampling.
The Accuracy of Post and Core Fabricated with Digital Technology
Authors: Piangsuk, Tarin , Dawson, Deborah V. , El‐Kerdani, Tarek , Lindquist, Terry J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the accuracy of post and cores created with three different fabricating techniques: direct conventional, machine milling, and three‐dimensional (3D) printing.Materials and methodsThirteen extracted single root central incisors were selected. Root canal treatment and tooth preparation for crown were performed on all teeth. Post space preparation of 11 mm was created using prefabricated fiber post drill to standardize post space width and length. Root canal impressions were performed on all teeth using polyvinyl siloxane impression material. Each impression was then three dimensionally scanned using an extraoral lab scanner. The scanned impressions were used to design digital files of post and cores with 3Shape CAD software. The digitally designed post and cores were used to fabricate 3D printed and milled post and core resin patterns. The same teeth were used to fabricate post and core with conventional technique (direct duplication of root canal with resin pattern). All posts were then scanned before being invested and then cast using base metal educational alloy. The metal post and cores were tried in with sample teeth and manually adjusted until found to be clinically acceptable. The post and cores were scanned in different stages to perform digital volume measurement using Geomagic Control software to determine accuracy. Pairwise comparisons were accomplished using exact version of the sign test (α = 0.05).ResultsThese three techniques of post and core fabrication showed different results in the various stages of fabrication. The accuracy of 3D printed resin pattern (26.89 ±11.09 mm3) was found to be inferior compare to milled resin pattern (28.20 ±11.41 mm3, p = 0.0002). However, dimensional stability of the 3D printed resin pattern before and after casting (0.56 ±0.95 mm3) was found to be superior to milled resin pattern (0.79 ±0.89 mm3) and direct resin pattern (2.51 ±1.38 mm3, p = 0.00002). All three techniques showed significant volume reduction after adjustment (p = 0.0002). In the final stage, the adjusted metal post and core fabricated with three different techniques showed no statistical different in accuracy (p = 0.15).ConclusionDigitally fabricated post and cores have the same degree of accuracy as those fabricated using the gold standard direct conventional post and core technique.
Chronic stress increases DNA methylation of the GR promoter in the central nucleus of the amygdala of female rats
Authors: Louwies Tijs , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld Beverley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe central pathophysiological mechanisms underlying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a female‐predominant gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits, remain poorly understood. IBS patients often report that chronic stress exacerbates their symptoms. Brain imaging studies have revealed that the amygdala, a stress‐responsive brain region, of IBS patients is overactive when compared to healthy controls. Previously, we demonstrated that downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) underlies stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in female rats. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate in the CeA of female rats whether chronic water avoidance stress (WAS) alters DNA methylation of the GR exon 17 promoter region, a region homologous to the human GR promoter. As histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are able to change DNA methylation, we also evaluated whether administration of the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) directly into the CeA prevented WAS‐induced increases in DNA methylation of the GR exon 17 promoter. We found that WAS increased overall and specific CpG methylation of the GR promoter in the CeA of female rats, which persisted for up to 28 days. Administration of the TSA directly into the CeA prevented these stress‐induced changes of DNA methylation at the GR promoter. Our results suggest that, in females, changes in DNA methylation are involved in the regulation of GR expression in the CeA. These changes in DNA methylation may contribute to the central mechanisms responsible for stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity.
Comparison of perianal skin barrier function with moisturizer application in Japanese full‐term newborns
Authors: Majima Yuka , Kobayashi Yasue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSome full‐term newborns present with erythema and irritation of the buttocks and perianal area as early as the first 4 days of their lives. The effect of moisturizers in protecting this vulnerable skin has not been rigorously studied. This study aimed to clarify whether there is a difference in perianal skin barrier function with and without moisturizer application in the first month of life.MethodsComparative investigation of 118 full‐term newborns was performed, and they were allocated to intervention (n = 63) and control groups (n = 55). The intervention group received moisturizer application to the perianal area, and the control group received care without application of moisturizer to the perianal area from the first day of life until the 1‐month visit. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and skin surface pH in the perianal area were measured as the indicators of skin barrier function on days 1 and 5 after birth and at the 1‐month visit.ResultsAt the 1‐month visit, TEWL was significantly decreased (intervention, 19.4 g/m2/h; control, 25.8 g/m2/h; p = .00) and SCH was significantly increased (intervention, 58.8 arbitrary units (a.u.); control, 46.5 a.u.; p = .00) in newborns using perianal moisturizer. The skin surface pH was not significantly different.ConclusionsThe use of moisturizer was effective in protecting the skin barrier function of the perianal skin. Further investigations are needed to determine the effect on the frequency and extent of rashes in the perianal area.
Using Folded Seats‐Votes Curves to Compare Partisan Bias in the 2020 Presidential Election with Partisan Bias in the Five Other Presidential Elections in the 21st Century
Authors: Cervas Jonathan , Grofman Bernard 
Published: April 2022

Using a folded seats‐votes curve, we examine partisan bias in the 2020 presidential election and compare it to partisan bias in the five other presidential elections in the twenty‐first century. 2020 and 2016 are extreme outliers with respect to the absolute magnitude of partisan bias in the Electoral College. In 2016, 2020, and 2000 bias runs in a pro‐Republican direction; in the other three elections in this century, the opposite is true. But partisan bias can vary with where on the seats‐vote curve we look to find bias, and we identify the lowest vote share at which there is no partisan bias (if such exists).
The Helsinki Bike-Sharing System—Insights Gained from a Spatiotemporal Functional Model
Authors: Piter Andreas , Otto Philipp , Alkhatib Hamza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Understanding the usage patterns for bike-sharing systems is essential in terms of supporting and enhancing operational planning for such schemes. Studies have demonstrated how factors such as weather conditions influence the number of bikes that should be available at bike-sharing stations at certain times during the day. However, the influences of these factors usually vary over the course of a day, and if there is good temporal resolution, there could also be significant effects only for some hours/minutes (rush hours, the hours when shops are open and so forth). Thus, in this paper, an analysis of Helsinki's bike-sharing data from 2017 is conducted that considers full temporal and spatial resolutions. The station hire data are analysed in a spatiotemporal functional setting, where the number of bikes at a station is defined as a continuous function of the time of day. For this completely novel approach, we apply a functional spatiotemporal hierarchical model to investigate the effect of environmental factors and the magnitude of the spatial and temporal dependence. Challenges in computational complexity are faced using a Monte Carlo subsampling approach. The results show the necessity of splitting the bike-sharing stations into two clusters based on the similarity of their spatiotemporal functional observations in order to model the station hire data of Helsinki's bike-sharing system effectively.
Efficient Manifold Approximation with Spherelets
Authors: Li Didong , Mukhopadhyay Minerva , Dunson David B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn statistical dimensionality reduction, it is common to rely on the assumption that high dimensional data tend to concentrate near a lower dimensional manifold. There is a rich literature on approximating the unknown manifold, and on exploiting such approximations in clustering, data compression, and prediction. Most of the literature relies on linear or locally linear approximations. In this article, we propose a simple and general alternative, which instead uses spheres, an approach we refer to as spherelets. We develop spherical principal components analysis (SPCA), and provide theory on the convergence rate for global and local SPCA, while showing that spherelets can provide lower covering numbers and mean squared errors for many manifolds. Results relative to state-of-the-art competitors show gains in ability to accurately approximate manifolds with fewer components. Unlike most competitors, which simply output lower-dimensional features, our approach projects data onto the estimated manifold to produce fitted values that can be used for model assessment and cross validation. The methods are illustrated with applications to multiple data sets.
Visualization of energy‐based device‐induced thermal tissue alterations using bimodal ex‐vivo confocal microscopy with digital staining. A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Fredman Gabriella , Christensen Rikke Louise , Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEx‐vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM) enables examination of tissue alterations immediately after treatment with energy‐based devices (EBDs). This proof‐of‐concept study aimed to describe EBD‐induced tissue effects in ex‐vivo porcine skin after treatment with microneedle radiofrequency (MNRF) and ablative fractional CO2‐laser (AFL) using EVCM.Materials and MethodsEx‐vivo porcine skin was treated with MNRF and AFL. Three cryosections from each intervention were stained with acridine orange (AO) and scanned with EVCM. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM, 638 nm) and fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM, 488 nm) images were captured and evaluated individually, after image fusion, and after digital hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.ResultsBimodal EVCM was able to visualize EBD‐induced thermal alterations in porcine skin. In RCM mode, the full width and depth of the vertically aligned microscopic treatment zones (MTZs) were displayed with clear demarcation to surrounding intact skin. In FCM mode, the ablation of the epidermis after AFL was prominent in contrast with the almost intact epidermis observed in MNRF treated skin. In fusion mode, fluorescence signal from AO marked the surrounding coagulation zone (CZ) from both interventions, with enhanced discrimination between ablation and coagulation. Digitally H&E‐stained images closely resembled conventional histopathology but proved superior in terms of visualization of the CZ.ConclusionBimodal EVCM with digital H&E‐staining facilitates the identification and qualitative evaluation of thermal alterations induced by treatment with EBD. By providing high‐resolution images comparable to standard histology, EVCM is a useful tool in the research and development of EBD to visualize and evaluate device‐tissue interactions.
Screening DHHCs of S‐acylated proteins using an OsDHHCcDNA library and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in rice
Authors: Tian Ye , Zeng Hui , Wu Jicai , Huang Jian , Gao Qiang , Tang Dongying , Cai Lipeng , Liao Zhaoyi , Wang Yan , Liu Xuanming , Lin Jianzhong 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYS‐acylation is an important lipid modification that primarily involves DHHC proteins (DHHCs) and associated S‐acylated proteins. No DHHC–S‐acylated protein pair has been reported so far in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the molecular mechanisms underlying S‐acylation in plants are largely unknown. We constructed an OsDHHC cDNA library for screening corresponding pairs of DHHCs and S‐acylated proteins using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Five DHHC–S‐acylated protein pairs (OsDHHC30–OsCBL2, OsDHHC30–OsCBL3, OsDHHC18–OsNOA1, OsDHHC13–OsNAC9, and OsDHHC14–GSD1) were identified in rice. Among the pairs, OsCBL2 and OsCBL3 were S‐acylated by OsDHHC30 in yeast and rice. The localization of OsCBL2 and OsCBL3 in the endomembrane depended on S‐acylation mediated by OsDHHC30. Meanwhile, all four OsDHHCs screened complemented the thermosensitive phenotype of an akr1 yeast mutant, and their DHHC motifs were required for S‐acyltransferase activity. Overexpression of OsDHHC30 in rice plants improved their salt and oxidative tolerance. Together, these results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying S‐acylation in plants.
A Solanum lycopersicoides reference genome facilitates insights into tomato specialized metabolism and immunity
Authors: Powell Adrian F. , Feder Ari , Li Jie , Schmidt Maximilian H.‐W. , Courtney Lance , Alseekh Saleh , Jobson Emma M. , Vogel Alexander , Xu Yimin , Lyon David , Dumschott Kathryn , McHale Marcus , Sulpice Ronan , Bao Kan , Lal Rohit , Duhan Asha , Hallab Asis , Denton Alisandra K. , Bolger Marie E. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Hind Sarah R. , Mueller Lukas A. , Martin Gregory B. , Fei Zhangjun , Martin Cathie , Giovannoni James J. , Strickler Susan R. , Usadel Björn 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYWild relatives of tomato are a valuable source of natural variation in tomato breeding, as many can be hybridized to the cultivated species (Solanum lycopersicum). Several, including Solanum lycopersicoides, have been crossed to S. lycopersicum for the development of ordered introgression lines (ILs), facilitating breeding for desirable traits. Despite the utility of these wild relatives and their associated ILs, few finished genome sequences have been produced to aid genetic and genomic studies. Here we report a chromosome‐scale genome assembly for S. lycopersicoides LA2951, which contains 37 938 predicted protein‐coding genes. With the aid of this genome assembly, we have precisely delimited the boundaries of the S. lycopersicoides introgressions in a set of S. lycopersicum cv. VF36 × LA2951 ILs. We demonstrate the usefulness of the LA2951 genome by identifying several quantitative trait loci for phenolics and carotenoids, including underlying candidate genes, and by investigating the genome organization and immunity‐associated function of the clustered Pto gene family. In addition, syntenic analysis of R2R3MYB genes sheds light on the identity of the Aubergine locus underlying anthocyanin production. The genome sequence and IL map provide valuable resources for studying fruit nutrient/quality traits, pathogen resistance, and environmental stress tolerance. We present a new genome resource for the wild species S. lycopersicoides, which we use to shed light on the Aubergine locus responsible for anthocyanin production. We also provide IL boundary mappings, which facilitated identifying novel carotenoid quantitative trait loci of which one was likely driven by an uncharacterized lycopene β‐cyclase whose function we demonstrate.
Diversity and similarity of wheat powdery mildew resistance among three allelic functional genes at the Pm60 locus
Authors: Zou Shenghao , Shi Wenqi , Ji Jiahao , Wang Huanming , Tang Yansheng , Yu Dazhao , Tang Dingzhong 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYCultivated wheat is continually exposed to various pathogens. Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) causes powdery mildew disease and significant yield loss. Pm60 was cloned from Triticum urartu and confers race‐specific powdery mildew resistance in wheat. Pm60a and Pm60b are allelic variants of Pm60 and have two leucine‐rich repeat motifs deletions and insertions, respectively, which were detected in other T. urartu accessions. Through map‐based cloning, virus‐induced gene silencing, and stable transformation assays, we demonstrated that Pm60a and Pm60b conferred Bgt E09 resistance resembling that provided by Pm60. However, the homozygous Pm60a (but not Pm60 or Pm60b) transformants driven by the native promoters lacked race‐specific resistance when they were inoculated with Bgt E18. As all three T. urartu accessions contained the three foregoing alleles, they had high resistance to Bgt E18. Pyramiding Pm60a with either of the allelic genes in F1 plants did not cause mutual allele suppression or interference with Bgt E18 resistance. Deletion (but not insertion) of the two leucine‐rich repeat motifs in Pm60a substantially narrowed the resistance spectrum. In T. urartu accession PI428210, we identified another locus adjacent to Pm60a and resistant to Bgt E18. Characterization of the alleles at the Pm60 locus revealed their diversity and similarity and may facilitate wheat breeding for resistance to powdery mildew disease caused by B. graminis f. sp. tritici.