bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How are Canadian cannabis dispensaries counselling breastfeeding consumers?
Authors: Kuthiala Shikha , Selvakumar Shamini , Vincent Sophie , Vastis Vasilia , Zgardau Alina , Shea Alison K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to identify recommendations given to breastfeeding individuals by Canadian cannabis dispensary employees, since the legalization of recreational cannabis in 2018.

Methods
This was a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. A mystery caller approach was used to identify recommendations given to breastfeeding individuals seeking a product for “relaxation.” This study was modelled on similar studies which assessed recommendations given to pregnant women looking for cannabis products to manage nausea and vomiting (Vastis V, Shea AK, Vincent S, Metz TD. 275: Are canadian cannabis dispensaries counselling pregnant women appropriately? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2020;222: S187.(Abst). Lusero I, Paltrow LM, Rosenbloom N. Recommendations from cannabis dispensaries about first-trimester cannabis use Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:781–2.). The primary outcome was the recommendation of a cannabis product. Secondary outcomes included stated benefits of cannabis, recommended discussion with health care provider, length of call, rationale for recommendation, and reported source of information on which the recommendation was based.

Results
The majority (79.4%) of employees of the 714 Canadian dispensaries contacted recommended against a cannabis product for “relaxation” while breastfeeding. The recommendations from dispensary employees were often (80%) provided without a specific reason, whereas a minority referenced published research (2%) and opinion (17.6%). Cannabis products were rarely (3.3%) classified as safe in breastfeeding. Approximately 76.6% of dispensary employees recommended contacting a health care provider, while 2.4% recommended against.

Conclusions
Although a high proportion of dispensary employees recommended against using a cannabis product during lactation, there were still 20.6% that did recommend use, which contrasts the current public health guidelines and is not supported by the paediatric and obstetric societies. These findings highlight the need for further education about the safety of cannabis products while breastfeeding.
Development and diversity of lignin patterns
Authors: Emonet Aurélia , Hay Angela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Different patterns of lignified cell walls are associated with diverse functions in a variety of plant tissues. These functions rely on the stiffness and hydrophobicity that lignin polymers impart to the cell wall. The precise pattern of subcellular lignin deposition is critical for the structure–function relationship in each lignified cell type. Here, we describe the role of xylem vessels as water pipes, Casparian strips as apoplastic barriers, and the role of asymmetrically lignified endocarp b cells in exploding seed pods. We highlight similarities and differences in the genetic mechanisms underpinning local lignin deposition in these diverse cell types. By bringing together examples from different developmental contexts and different plant species, we propose that comparative approaches can benefit our understanding of lignin patterning mechanisms.
Apoplastic sugar may be lost from grape berries and retrieved in pedicels
Authors: Zhang Yun , Chang Ben-Min , Burdet Berenice , Dai Zhanwu , Delrot Serge , Keller Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn ripening grape (Vitis sp.) berries, the combination of rapid sugar import, apoplastic phloem unloading, and water discharge via the xylem creates a potential risk for apoplastic sugar to be lost from the berries. We investigated the likelihood of such sugar loss and a possible sugar retrieval mechanism in the pedicels of different Vitis genotypes. Infusion of D-glucose-1-13C or L-glucose-1-13C to the stylar end of attached berries demonstrated that both sugars can be leached from the berries, but only the nontransport sugar L-glucose moved beyond the pedicels. No 13C enrichment was found in peduncles and leaves. Genes encoding 10 sugar transporters were expressed in the pedicels throughout grape ripening. Using an immunofluorescence technique, we localized the sucrose transporter SUC27 to pedicel xylem parenchyma cells. These results indicate that pedicels possess the molecular machinery for sugar retrieval from the apoplast. Plasmodesmata were observed between vascular parenchyma cells in pedicels, and movement of the symplastically mobile dye carboxyfluorescein demonstrated that the symplastic connection is physiologically functional. Taken together, the chemical, molecular, and anatomical evidence gathered here supports the idea that some apoplastic sugar can be leached from grape berries and is effectively retrieved in a two-step process in the pedicels. First, sugar transporters may actively retrieve leached sugar from the xylem. Second, retrieved sugar may move symplastically to the pedicel parenchyma for local use or storage, or to the phloem for recycling back to the berry.
Interdisciplinary Management for the First Patient With Post-COVID Double-Lung Transplantation in Inpatient Rehabilitation in the United States: A Case Report
Authors: Herrmann Tessa , Iglesias Jacqueline , Smith Samantha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, lung transplantation is being used as a life-saving treatment. This case report describes the rehabilitation course of the first documented individual in the United States post bilateral lung transplant for COVID-19.

Methods (Case Description)
The patient is a 28-year-old woman who was previously healthy and who failed all other life-saving medical interventions before undergoing bilateral lung transplantation, resulting in an extended hospital stay and significant physical debility.

Results
Through an interdisciplinary rehabilitation approach, the patient was able to achieve functional improvements in strength, balance, endurance, and functional mobility to safely discharge home.

Conclusion
Research is needed regarding optimal treatment of this patient population because lung transplantation continues to be used for long-term medical management of COVID-19 infection.

Impact
This is a case report describing rehabilitation for the first documented individual in the United States post bilateral lung transplant for COVID-19.
ASSESSMENT OF THE COMMITTED EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT AND ITS UNCERTAINTY FROM INCIDENTAL INTERNAL TRITIUM EXPOSURE
Authors: Vostrotin V V , Yanov A Y , Finashov L V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of the study was to estimate the committed effective dose equivalent from internal tritium exposure and its uncertainty in case of tritium incident at Mayak PA. According to worker’s self-report, he had been exposed as a result of pouring “heavy” water over himself while performing technological operation in September 2019. Two-component exponential model of tritiated water (HTO) excretion including fast and slow phases was used to describe HTO content in the body. The individual’s specific value of tritium biological half-life in the fast phase was 8.9 days, which is close to the average value of 10 days in the ICRP model. The slow-phase HTO excretion fraction is two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding value in the ICRP model. The calculated committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) due to tritium intake (7.4 mSv) depended mostly on fast-phase excretion. The uncertainty factor calculated as ratio of the 97.5% quantile and the mean value was equal to 1.14. The contribution of the slow-phase excretion to the CEDE due to internal exposure was as low as from 0.1 to 0.2% of total CEDE. This demonstrates that after the case of a single intake of tritium, which we studied, the CEDE is determined mostly by the excretion in the fast phase. The metabolized organically bound tritium dose fraction was in the range from 0.3 to 2.0%. The use of all the results of the measurement of HTO activity concentration in urine made it possible to obtain a lower estimate of the uncertainty of the CEDE of internal exposure in comparison with the use of only the first measurement result.
An Interactive Generic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) Modeling Platform to Predict Drug Withdrawal Intervals in Cattle and Swine: A Case Study on Flunixin, Florfenicol, and Penicillin G
Authors: Chou Wei-Chun , Tell Lisa A , Baynes Ronald E , Davis Jennifer L , Maunsell Fiona P , Riviere Jim E , Lin Zhoumeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractViolative chemical residues in edible tissues from food-producing animals are of global public health concern. Great efforts have been made to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for estimating withdrawal intervals (WDIs) for extralabel prescribed drugs in food animals. Existing models are insufficient to address the food safety concern as these models are either limited to 1 specific drug or difficult to be used by non-modelers. This study aimed to develop a user-friendly generic PBPK platform that can predict tissue residues and estimate WDIs for multiple drugs including flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle and swine. Mechanism-based in silico methods were used to predict tissue/plasma partition coefficients and the models were calibrated and evaluated with pharmacokinetic data from Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD). Results showed that model predictions were, in general, within a 2-fold factor of experimental data for all 3 drugs in both species. Following extralabel administration and respective U.S. FDA-approved tolerances, predicted WDIs for both cattle and swine were close to or slightly longer than FDA-approved label withdrawal times (eg, predicted 8, 28, and 7 days vs labeled 4, 28, and 4 days for flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle, respectively). The final model was converted to a web-based interactive generic PBPK platform. This PBPK platform serves as a user-friendly quantitative tool for real-time predictions of WDIs for flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G following FDA-approved label or extralabel use in both cattle and swine, and provides a basis for extrapolating to other drugs and species.
In Utero Exposure to a Mixture of the Perfluoroalkyl-Isopropyl Pesticide Pyrifluquinazon With Dibutyl Phthalate Cumulatively Disrupts Male Rat Reproductive Development via Different Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Gray Leon Earl , Conley Justin M , Lambright Christy S , Furr Johnathan R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Administration of individual chemicals and mixtures during sexual differentiation that disrupt the androgen signaling pathway can induce reproductive abnormalities in male rats. In this study, we coadministered the heptafluoroisopropyl pesticide pyrifluquinazon (PFQ), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) to pregnant rats during sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract. Both chemicals have been shown to disrupt reproductive tract differentiation in a dose-related manner reducing male anogenital distance, permanently reducing androgen-dependent tissue weights and sperm counts, and inducing reproductive malformations in male offspring, albeit by different mechanisms of action that converge downstream in the androgen signaling pathway on a common key event. Rats were orally dosed from gestation days 14–18 with dilutions of PFQ and DBP at 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the top dose (100 mg/kg PFQ and 750 mg/kg DBP). The mixture ratio was selected such that each chemical would contribute equally to multiple effects on the male offspring reproductive tract and the dose range was designed to determine if the mixture produced additive effects predicted by dose addition (DA) or response addition (RA) models, or whether significant interactions occurred. Observed data were compared with DA and RA model predictions. As hypothesized, the mixture reduced F1 male anogenital distance, reproductive organ weights and sperm counts and induced hypospadias with DA consistently providing a better prediction of the observed effects than RA. These results support our hypothesis that chemicals that disrupt the androgen signaling pathway induce dose-additive male reproductive abnormalities regardless of the specific mechanism of action.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist therapy and migraines
Authors: Zolp Andrew 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists are a novel new class of medications that have been shown to reduce migraine headache pain and bothersome symptoms in patients who have had an insufficient response to triptans or for whom triptans are contraindicated. This article describes the new medications.
Should Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray Analysis Be Offered for Isolated Fetal Growth Restriction? A French Multicenter Study
Authors: Monier Isabelle , Receveur Aline , Houfflin-Debarge Véronique , Goua Valérie , Castaigne Vanina , Jouannic Jean-Marie , Mousty Eve , Saliou Anne-Hélène , Bouchghoul Hanane , Rousseau Thierry , Valat Anne-Sylvie , Groussolles Marion , Fuchs Florent , Benoist Guillaume , Degre Sophie , Massardier Jérôme , Tsatsaris Vassilis , Kleinfinger Pascale , Zeitlin Jennifer , Benachi Alexandra 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021;225:676.e1–676.e15)
One common cause of perinatal mortality is fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment, other neonatal morbidities, as well as a risk of adult vascular disease. Estimated fetal weight of <10th percentile for gestational age is generally used as diagnostic criteria for FGR diagnosis.
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin/Conjunctiva: A Series of 6 Cases including 1 Combined Case With Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Yoshikawa Shusuke , Kiyohara Yoshio , Kurimoto Toru , Nomi Kyoko , Ogawa Kohei , Tasaki Koichiro , Kajiwara Manami , Nagao Toshitaka , Umazume Kazuhiko , Oishi Takuma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
This study sought to reveal the clinicopathologic characteristics of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the skin/conjunctiva. The retrieved patients included 3 men and 3 women with a median age of 85 (63–95) years. All lesions occurred on the face, including the ears, with a median tumor size of 11.5 (7–65) mm. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 5 (83%) of 6 cases, and distant metastasis was noted in 2 (33%). One patient (17%) who had a 13-mm-sized tumor died of the tumor 13 months after excision. All tumors were mainly located in the dermis, and one of them also exhibited intraepithelial spreading. The cytology resembled that of an LCNEC in other organs. No adnexal differentiation was observed. Five cases were of the pure type, but one had a component of squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivities for CAM5.2, CK7, CK19, BerEP4, epithelial membrane antigen, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, c-KIT, GATA3, and bcl-2 were frequently present, but CK20, neurofilament, Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen, mammaglobin, estrogen receptor, HER2, and TTF1 were completely negative in all cases. Mutant-pattern immunostaining of p53, PTEN, and Rb was frequently observed. The Ki67 rate exceeded 70% in all cases. LCNEC of the skin/conjunctiva is a morphologically-defined group of primary cutaneous/conjunctival neuroendocrine neoplasm, although it may be heterogeneous similar to other-site LCNEC or Merkel cell carcinoma. This study highlighted the predominant location for the face, high metastatic and lethal potential, possible combination with other tumor components, and frequent mutant-type immunoexpressions of p53, PTEN, and Rb in this tumor group.
Alopecia After Cosmetic Injection Procedures: A Review
Authors: Issa Naiem T. , Kaiser Michael , Martinez-Velasco Abril , Tosti Antonella 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Cosmetic procedures for antiaging carry inherent risks of adverse events. One that has not yet been well characterized is transitory or permanent alopecia. This is attributable to numerous mechanisms including pressure, ischemia, inflammation, and necrosis. Cases of postcosmetic procedure alopecia have been reported after mesotherapy as well as hyaluronic acid filler, deoxycholic acid, and botulinum toxin injections.

OBJECTIVE
This review serves to describe the currently known causes of postcosmetic procedure alopecia and the mechanisms by which alopecia is attained. Furthermore, this review highlights the risk of unregulated mesotherapy injections for cosmetic enhancement and to bring attention to the increasing number reports of alopecia after these procedures.

METHODS
A systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2022 was conducted looking for keywords such as “alopecia,” “cosmetic procedures,” “mesotherapy,” and “hyaluronic acid” in Google Scholar and PubMed.

RESULTS
Ten articles met the criteria set forth in the authors' literature review. Many of the procedures resulted in partial or complete resolution of alopecia.

CONCLUSION
Alopecia after cosmetic injection procedures is an underreported adverse effect. More research is needed to further characterize the risk of alopecia after mesotherapy and other injection procedures.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DEEP LEARNING APPLICATIONS FOR OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Paul Samantha K. , Pan Ian , Sobol Warren M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To survey the current literature regarding applications of deep learning to optical coherence tomography in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review was conducted from January 1, 2000, to May 9, 2021, using PubMed and EMBASE databases. Original research investigations that applied deep learning to optical coherence tomography in patients with AMD or features of AMD (choroidal neovascularization, geographic atrophy, and drusen) were included. Summary statements, data set characteristics, and performance metrics were extracted from included articles for analysis.

Results:
We identified 95 articles for this review. The majority of articles fell into one of six categories: 1) classification of AMD or AMD biomarkers (n = 40); 2) segmentation of AMD biomarkers (n = 20); 3) segmentation of retinal layers or the choroid in patients with AMD (n = 7); 4) assessing treatment response and disease progression (n = 13); 5) predicting visual function (n = 6); and 6) determining the need for referral to a retina specialist (n = 3).

Conclusion:
Deep learning models generally achieved high performance, at times comparable with that of specialists. However, external validation and experimental parameters enabling reproducibility were often limited. Prospective studies that demonstrate generalizability and clinical utility of these models are needed.
OUTER RETINOPATHY AND MICROANGIOPATHY IN ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
Authors: Miller Charles G. , Brucker Alexander J. , Perry Linda M. , Kim Benjamin J. , Martin Mary Ellen , Frey Noelle V. , Aleman Tomas S. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To describe a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia who presented with a recurrent, bilateral, outer retinopathy, before and after consolidative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation complicated by chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of records from a 23-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations for over a year including chromatic perimetry and multifocal electroretinograms, imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography, near-infrared and short-wavelength fundus reflectance and autofluorescence, fluorescein and optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:
The patient presented with recurrent, unilateral paracentral scotomas. There was localized loss of inner segment ellipsoid (EZ) and photoreceptor outer segment signals (IZ) in the pericentral retina of both eyes co-localizing with hyperreflective lesions on near-infrared reflectance. She subsequently lost vision (visual acuity = 20/200) in the right eye a year after consolidative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation complicated by steroid-resistant-chronic graft-versus-host disease. There was loss of the EZ and IZ signals corresponding to a dense central cone scotoma and multifocal electroretinograms depression. Near-infrared autofluorescence, fluorescein and optical coherence tomography angiography were within normal limits. Visual acuity (20/20) and retinal sensitivities improved with restoration of the EZ/IZ signals after oral prednisone and intravenous rituximab, but left a residual photoreceptor loss and paracentral scotoma.

Conclusion:
We propose that an immune-mediated microangiopathy may explain the protracted, recurrent course of primary photoreceptor abnormalities in our patient, which was further complicated by manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease following consolidative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Outer retinal findings previously documented in leukemia may be explained by a similar mechanism.
Managing connective tissue disease: how to select and facilitate successful transplantation
Authors: Bermudez Christian A. , Crespo Maria M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Lung transplant (LTx) evaluation and selection of candidates with connective tissue disease (CTD) remains controversial and varies between centers, and the optimal candidate selection is still controversial.

Recent findings
Recent United States and European publications have reported reasonable short-term and long-term LTx outcomes in patients with CTD to other lung fibrosis patients without CTD. This article discusses the recently published International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) consensus document recommendations to evaluate and select CTD candidates, the importance of early referral, posttransplant management, and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team.

Summary
Future standardized practices among centers adapting the 2021 ISHLT consensus recommendations to evaluate and select CTD candidates will allow risk stratification, determine the best candidates, and facilitate the most successful long-term LTx outcomes.
Total artificial heart as a bridge to transplantation
Authors: Henn Matthew C. , Mokadam Nahush A. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Since the first implantation of a total artificial heart (TAH) 50 years ago the devices and technique have evolved to provide reliable support for patients with biventricular failure as a bridge to heart transplant. The purpose of this review is to discuss the history and evolution of devices, current devices, critical aspects of patient selection, tips and pitfalls of implantation, and future directions.

Recent findings
The most studied device on the market is the SynCardia TAH, which has been implanted in over 2000 patients worldwide and is the only device that is currently Food and Drug Administration approved as a bridge to transplant. The overall survival in patients supported by the device at 1 year is 42% while those that make it to transplant have a 1 year post transplant survival of 83%. A newer device the Aeson TAH (Carmat, Velizy-Villacoublay, France) was first implanted in France in 2013 and is currently under clinical trial in the United States.

Summary
Significant progress has been made in both the technology and technique of TAH implantation and these devices remain both a reliable and sometimes only option for patients with severe biventricular heart failure.