bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven years of biochar amendment has a negligible effect on soil available P and a progressive effect on organic C in paddy soils
Authors: Yuan Jiahui , Wang Yu , Zhao Xu , Chen Hao , Chen Guanglei , Wang Shenqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLittle attention has been paid to how long-term application of crop straw and its biochar affects soil phosphorus (P) transformation and carbon (C) fractions. We conducted a 7-year field experiment including control treatment (chemical fertilizer only, CK), straw return (2.25 t ha−1), and different amounts of biochar addition (11.25 t ha−1 (0.5%BC) and 22.5 t ha−1 (1.0%BC), to investigate influence of these amendments on soil C structure, P fractions, and their interaction with microorganisms. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and soil P sequence fractionation were applied to capture changes of soil C compositions and P pool. Compared to CK, straw and biochar amendments decreased alkyl C/O-alkyl C, which is conducive to increased soil organic C. The 0.5%BC and 1.0%BC treatments enhanced recalcitrant aromatic C by 69.0% and 131%, respectively. Compared to CK (101.2 ± 33.32 mg kg−1), the 0.5%BC and 1.0%BC treatments had a negligible effect on soil available P, while negative effects were observed in straw treatment (59.79 ± 9.023 mg kg−1). Straw and biochar amendments increased primary P and occluded P, whereas had negligible effect on organic P. Redundancy analysis and correlation analysis indicated that C compositions and P pool correlated to microbial community composition and enzyme activities, and aromatic C was the most related factor. Moreover, structural equation modeling indicated available P was most related to phosphatase activity and C composition. Our findings reveal the changes of soil P and C response under long-term crop straw and its biochar amendment, and can contribute toward improving understanding of the effect of biochar and straw return in future agriculture management.
Online customer engagement: a practical exploration of antecedents and metrics for new content marketers
Authors: Wiggins Cynthia D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ability of new content marketing companies and marketing practitioners to engage customers online depends on their understanding of the impact of antecedents on critical online customer engagement metrics. However, there has been little scholarly research exploring online customer engagement in the context of complex, real-world environments that could guide the strategies of new brands and start-up companies seeking to establish an online presence. This paper identifies the antecedents and metrics required for identifying an appropriate online customer engagement (OCE) strategy in the context of a start-up content marketing company called ABC Investments (a pseudonym) and of more established social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram. Eleven OCE antecedents and six metrics were originally proposed but on completion of the research, twelve antecedents- including one new one (human face)- were determined to have impacted OCE metrics. Finally, this paper shows how antecedent and metric research can be used to develop OCE strategies.
Whistleblowing policies and corporate values: a review of Australia’s largest corporations
Authors: Bramstedt Katrina A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractValues are the precursors of ethical behaviour. In this research study, Australia’s largest securities exchange-listed companies were explored for alignment of their corporate values as published on their public website to their whistleblower policies (WBP). The Corporations Act 2001 requires organisations’ WBPs to be externally available to facilitate reporting by former employees and others, yet five organisations (10.2%) had not posted their WBP on their corporate website. Most (n = 44, 89.8%) of Australia’s 49 largest companies profess corporate values on their public website, but only one also fully replicated their corporate values in their WBP. Two organisations made no mention of their corporate values in either location. Of the 44 organisations which posted their WBP on their corporate website, 29.6% (n = 13) make no mention of their corporate values in their WBP (either specifically or generically as “values”). Most organisations (70.5%; n = 31) evidenced weak or no alignment of values across their website and WBP. Notably, 22.7% (n = 10) have a partial listing of their values in their WBP, rather than the full set, and 11.4% (n = 5) have a different/unmatched set of values as compared to those listed on their website. Corporate values such as trust, integrity, safety, respect, and accountability are the ethical buttress of a whistleblowing management system, and when WBPs explicitly express corporate values as fundamental to purposing the policy, this potentially creates a shared values alliance between employees and the organisation voicing support for prosocial behaviours (including whistleblowing).
Hermite–Hadamard Type Inequalities for Interval-Valued Preinvex Functions via Fractional Integral Operators
Authors: Srivastava Hari Mohan , Sahoo Soubhagya Kumar , Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Baleanu Dumitru , Kodamasingh Bibhakar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, the notion of interval-valued preinvex functions involving the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral is described.
By applying this, some new refinements of the Hermite–Hadamard inequality for the fractional integral operator are presented. Some novel special cases of the presented results are discussed as well. Also, some examples are presented to validate our results. The established outcomes of our article may open another direction for different types of integral inequalities for fractional interval-valued functions, fuzzy interval-valued functions, and their associated optimization problems.
Dynamics, Prospects, and Trends in Climate Change Litigation Making Climate Change Emergency a Priority in France
Authors: Torre-Schaub Marta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines how the climate litigation approach builds pathways to face climate emergency. In light of recent jurisdictional developments, this article underlines the links between legislation, litigation, and public policies to trace ways, progress and obstacles to face it. Those emergent dynamics contribute to build a lasting and sustainable climate change legal regime. Intertwining the different climate disputes in the world and the progress made through the elaboration of different climate laws allow to have a panoramic visibility on this new mode of climate governance which appears in filigree today all over the world and especially in France.
PRE-MODERN INSIGHTS FOR POST-MODERN PRIVACY: JEWISH LAW LESSONS FOR THE BIG DATA AGE
Authors: Bamberger Kenneth A. , Mayse Ariel Evan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article makes the counterintuitive argument that the millennia-old approach of Jewish law to regulating surveillance, protecting communications, and governing collection and use of information offers important frameworks for protecting privacy in an age of big data and pervasive surveillance. The modern approach to privacy has not succeeded. Notions of individual “rights to be let alone” and “informational self-determination” offer little defense against rampant data collection and aggregation. The substantive promise of a “fundamental human right” of privacy has largely been reduced to illusory procedural safeguards of “notice” and “consent”—manipulable protections by which individuals “agree” to privacy terms with little understanding of the bargain and little power to opt out. Judaism, on the other hand, views privacy as a societal obligation and employs categorical behavioral and architectural mandates that bind all of society's members. It limits waiver of these rules and rejects both technological capacity and the related notion of “expectations” as determinants of privacy's content. It assumes the absence of anonymity and does not depend on the confidentiality of information or behavior, whether knowledge is later used or shared, or whether the privacy subject can show concrete personal harm. When certain types of sensitive information are publicly known or cannot help but be visible, Jewish law still provides rules against their use. Jewish law offers a language that can guide policy debates. It suggests a move from individual control over information as the mechanism for shaping privacy's meaning and enforcement, to a regime of substantive obligations—personal and organizational—to protect privacy. It recognizes the interconnected nature of human interests and comprehends the totality of the harm that pervasive surveillance wreaks on individuals and social relations. It offers a conceptual basis for extending traditional privacy protections to online spaces and new data uses. And it provides a language of dignity that recognizes unequal bargaining power, rejects the aggregation and use of information to create confining personal narratives and judgments, and demands equal protection for all humans.
Exchangeable and sampling-consistent distributions on rooted binary trees
Authors: Hollering Benjamin , Sullivant Seth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe introduce a notion of finite sampling consistency for phylogenetic trees and show that the set of finitely sampling-consistent and exchangeable distributions on n-leaf phylogenetic trees is a polytope. We use this polytope to show that the set of all exchangeable and sampling-consistent distributions on four-leaf phylogenetic trees is exactly Aldous’ beta-splitting model, and give a description of some of the vertices for the polytope of distributions on five leaves. We also introduce a new semialgebraic set of exchangeable and sampling consistent models we call the multinomial model and use it to characterize the set of exchangeable and sampling-consistent distributions. Using this new model, we obtain a finite de Finetti-type theorem for rooted binary trees in the style of Diaconis’ theorem on finite exchangeable sequences.
Observations on the trophodynamics of sawtooth barracuda,Sphyraena putnamaefrom the Bay of Bengal, northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Ghosh Shubhadeep , Hoshalli Munivenkatappa Manas , Rohit Prathibha , Mamidi Satishkumar , Eruppakkottil Median Abdussamad , Achamveetil Gopalakrishnan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine capture ofSphyraena putnamaealong western Bay of Bengal has been increasing. Owing to scarcity of information available on feeding dynamics globally, the present study was conducted using 763 individuals captured during 2017–19, to decipher trophic ecology and relationships. Of the individuals analysed, 54.8% had their stomachs either empty or with trace amounts of food, 27.3% had part-full stomachs and 18.0% had full stomachs. Stomach vacuity and fullness as well as predator–prey weight ratio varied with increase in body size, implying higher feeding intensity in large-sized fishes. Feeding activity was highest during July–November and lowest during March–April. The species is an opportunistic piscivorous pelagic predator that feeds on teleosts (>85%) and cephalopods. Sardines were the major prey, followed by whitebait, squid, bigeye scad, Indian scad, silverbellies and Indian mackerel. Diet contents were similar between sexes (82.17%); however, it varied among seasons (56.86–69.85%). Shifts in prey preferences from sardines, squid and bigeye scad to ribbonfish, shad, grunter, Indian mackerel, horse mackerel andAceteswere observed with increase in fish size, and diet varied between individuals sized <60.0 and >60.0 cm. Trophic level value was 3.51 ± 0.13 and Levin's Standardized Niche Breadth Index was 0.21. Dietary niche breadth varied across seasons and sizes, with higher values during summer and winter (0.36–0.41) and in fish measuring >45.0 cm (0.50–0.68), which implies generalized feeding behaviour. The present study represents the first detailed report on the diet ofS. putnamaeand will provide a substantial contribution to stock management through understanding of trophic interactions.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Neodiplostomum and Fibricola (Digenea, Diplostomidae) does not support host-based systematics
Authors: Achatz Tyler J. , Pulis Eric E. , Woodyard Ethan T. , Rosser Thomas G. , Martens Jakson R. , Weinstein Sara B. , Fecchio Alan , McAllister Chris T. , Carrión Bonilla Carlos , Tkach Vasyl V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibricola and Neodiplostomum are diplostomid genera with very similar morphology that are currently separated based on their definitive hosts. Fibricola spp. are normally found in mammals, while Neodiplostomum spp. typically parasitize birds. Previously, no DNA sequence data was available for any member of Fibricola. We generated nuclear ribosomal and mtDNA sequences of Fibricola cratera (type-species), Fibricola lucidum and 6 species of Neodiplostomum. DNA sequences were used to examine phylogenetic interrelationships among Fibricola and Neodiplostomum and re-evaluate their systematics. Molecular phylogenies and morphological study suggest that Fibricola should be considered a junior synonym of Neodiplostomum. Therefore, we synonymize the two genera and transfer all members of Fibricola into Neodiplostomum. Specimens morphologically identified as Neodiplostomum cratera belonged to 3 distinct phylogenetic clades based on mitochondrial data. One of those clades also included sequences of specimens identified morphologically as Neodiplostomum lucidum. Further study is necessary to resolve the situation regarding the morphology of N. cratera. Our results demonstrated that some DNA sequences of N. americanum available in GenBank originate from misidentified Neodiplostomum banghami. Molecular phylogentic data revealed at least 2 independent host-switching events between avian and mammalian hosts in the evolutionary history of Neodiplostomum; however, the directionality of these host-switching events remains unclear.
Beyond social and functional interpretations of wall paintings: mythological imagery in the tablinum at Pompeii and Herculaneum
Authors: Spinelli Ambra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the mythological wall paintings decorating the room known as the tablinum in atrium houses at Pompeii and Herculaneum. Scholars have considered the tablinum part of the “public” section of the house and have linked this room to the formal morning greeting, or salutatio, despite the fact that no ancient literary source mentions the tablinum in connection with this daily ritual. These assumptions have conditioned the way in which scholars have interpreted the decoration, which is analyzed in relation to the social activities supposedly associated with this type of room or discussed in terms of moral ideals and social values. This study demonstrates that the figurative imagery within the tablinum does not necessarily relate to social practices in that space but instead informs us about a common visual vocabulary shared by different strata of society.
The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on human psychology and physical activity; a space analogue research perspective
Authors: Van Cutsem Jeroen , Abeln Vera , Schneider Stefan , Keller Nathan , Diaz-Artiles Ana , Ramallo Miguel A. , Dessy Emilie , Pattyn Nathalie , Ferlazzo Fabio , De La Torre Gabriel G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionAstronauts will encounter isolated, confined and extreme (ICE) conditions during future missions, and will have to be able to adapt. Until recently, however, few places on Earth could serve as acceptable space analogues (i.e., submarine and polar regions). The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related lockdowns around the globe provided a good opportunity to obtain more comprehensive datasets on the impact of prolonged isolation on human functioning in a very large sample.MethodsSeven hundred forty-eight individuals (Belgium 442, Spain 183, Germany 50, Italy 50, US 23; Mean age ± SD: 41 ± 14 years, with an age range of 18–83 years; 66% women) filled out an online survey assessing the impact of the COVID-lockdown on psychological, exercise and general health variables a first time near the beginning of the initial lockdown (hereafter ‘T1’; 24 ± 13 days after the start of the first lockdown; i.e., 3 weeks after the start of the first lockdown) and a second time a couple of weeks thereafter (hereafter ‘T2’; 17 ± 5 days after the first online survey; i.e., 6 weeks after the start of the first lockdown).ResultsFrom T1 to T2 an improvement of subjective sleep quality was observed (P = 0.003), that was related to an increase in subjective sleep efficiency and a decrease in sleep latency and disturbance (P ≤ 0.013). Weekly sitting time decreased, and the weekly amount of moderate and vigorous physical activity increased from T1 to T2 (P ≤ 0.049). No differences from T1 to T2 were observed in terms of mood, loneliness and state anxiety. A lower amount of sitting time was significantly correlated with improved subjective sleep quality (r = 0.096, P = 0.035) and with an increased amount of moderate (r = −0.126, P = 0.005) and vigorous (r = −0.110, P = 0.015) physical activity.ConclusionCompared to 3 weeks into the first COVID-imposed lockdown, 6-weeks after the start of the first COVID-imposed lockdown, physical activity and subjective sleep scores were positively impacted. The present, large sample size study further confirms exercise as a worthwhile countermeasure to psycho-physiological deconditioning during confinement.
Recontextualizing Brahms'sHandel Variations, Op. 24 through Robert Volkmann and Emanuel Moór
Authors: Chang Joanna 
Published: January 2022

Brahms'sHandel Variations, Op. 24 (1861) stands out for its direct quotation of the Baroque master's Harpsichord Suite No. 1 in B-flat (HWV434), as well as its treatment of the theme in ‘old forms’. While the composer's knowledge of antiquated forms finds expression through canonic treatment, a siciliano, musette and fugal finale, the 25 variations written in the strict Baroque variation style further underscore his commitment to tradition.Several earlier revivals of Handel include settings by Louis Spohr, Ignaz Moscheles and Robert Volkmann of Handel's familiar ‘Harmonious Blacksmith’ tune. In 1856, Volkmann treated the theme to the fantasy variation, winning approval from performers and critics alike. Unnoticed, however, was the finale's remarkable modernization of Baroque keyboard styles through the revival of harpsichord texture, timbre, harmony, rhythm and melodic figurations. The unprecedented fidelity to the keyboard medium, literature, as well as expressive modes deserves a re-evaluation in relation to Brahms's setting.Brahms's return to the Baroque style variation served as a model for later composers. One case study is that by the neglected Hungarian composer Emanuel Moór (1863–1931). A former student of Volkmann and an ardent admirer of Brahms, Moór composed his Variations and Fugue on a Hungarian Theme. Op. 24 in 1890, which coincidentally bears the same opus number, as well as a Baroque fugal finale. This article examines Brahms's musical predecessors in the Handel revival, as well as his influence on Moór, allowing us to reassess the historical context and import of Brahms's Handel Variations, Op. 24.
Using Community Science to Better Understand Lead Exposure Risks
Authors: Dietrich Matthew , Shukle John T. , Krekeler Mark P. S. , Wood Leah R. , Filippelli Gabriel M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLead (Pb) is a neurotoxicant that particularly harms young children. Urban environments are often plagued with elevated Pb in soils and dusts, posing a health exposure risk from inhalation and ingestion of these contaminated media. Thus, a better understanding of where to prioritize risk screening and intervention is paramount from a public health perspective. We have synthesized a large national data set of Pb concentrations in household dusts from across the United States (U.S.), part of a community science initiative called “DustSafe.” Using these results, we have developed a straightforward logistic regression model that correctly predicts whether Pb is elevated (>80 ppm) or low (<80 ppm) in household dusts 75% of the time. Additionally, our model estimated 18% false negatives for elevated Pb, displaying that there was a low probability of elevated Pb in homes being misclassified. Our model uses only variables of approximate housing age and whether there is peeling paint in the interior of the home, illustrating how a simple and successful Pb predictive model can be generated if researchers ask the right screening questions. Scanning electron microscopy supports a common presence of Pb paint in several dust samples with elevated bulk Pb concentrations, which explains the predictive power of housing age and peeling paint in the model. This model was also implemented into an interactive mobile app that aims to increase community‐wide participation with Pb household screening. The app will hopefully provide greater awareness of Pb risks and a highly efficient way to begin mitigation.
Are Low‐Frequency Earthquake Moments Area‐ or Slip‐Limited? A Rock Record Examination
Authors: Williams Randolph T. , Kirkpatrick James D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe seismic moments observed for low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) vary over multiple orders of magnitude, even where the LFEs occur within families of similar events. Although this variability is typically interpreted to record a scale‐limited process at the LFE source, neither the slip per LFE nor the rupture area can be determined from seismological constraints. Here, we examine incrementally developed slickenfibers that have been proposed to record LFEs in exhumed subduction zones. These structures form through repeated, micron‐scale slip events across dilational irregularities in the fault plane, which are punctuated by cementation and sealing in the interstitial space. By statistically analyzing the geometry of inclusion trails delineating slip‐parallel mineral‐growth increments, we constrain the variability in slip per inferred LFE and test end‐member hypotheses regarding the controls on LFE moments. We find that that the slickenfibers exhibit characteristic slip increments, favoring a “slip‐limited” model that requires large variability in LFE rupture areas.
Detecting Supercooled Water Clouds Using Passive Radiometer Measurements
Authors: Zhou Ganning , Wang Jianjie , Yin Yan , Hu Xiuqing , Letu Husi , Sohn Byung‐Ju , Yung Yuk L. , Liu Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSupercooled water clouds (SWCs) have significant impacts on the Earth's radiation balance, aircraft ice accretion and precipitation augmentation. This study introduces an efficient algorithm to detect SWCs from passive radiometers, which combines information from the reflectance difference between 1.61 and 2.25 μm channels, the brightness temperature difference between the 8.5 and 11 μm channels, and the cloud top temperature. Validated by space radar and lidar measurements, our algorithm can correctly detect 91% of SWC pixels, better than current Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite operational product. SWCs are found mostly over the mid‐ to high‐latitude oceans and have a global occurrence frequency of ∼8% in cloudy skies. Since the channels used for the detection are available in most current operational polar and geostationary satellite radiometers, this SWC detection algorithm can be easily implemented for operations such as cloud monitoring, aviation safety, and SWC‐related weather modification.