bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of river discharge on large‐scale estuary morphology
Authors: Baar Anne W. , Braat Lisanne , Parsons Daniel R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstuaries are dynamic landscapes with complex bar and channel patterns formed by interactions between tidal and fluvial currents. River discharge dampens the tidal wave, enhances the ebb flow, and supplies sediment to the estuary. However, it is largely unknown how river discharge influences overall estuary morphology. The objective of the current study is to quantify the control of river discharge on bar and channel dimensions and sediment transport throughout the estuary. To this end, a long‐term and large‐scale Delft3D‐2DH estuary model was designed with a suite of model runs undertaken where discharge systematically varied. Results show that tide‐dominated estuaries with significant river discharge can develop towards a dynamic equilibrium with a constant tidal prism through adjustment of channel dimensions to accommodate the supplied river discharge. It is essential to account for this morphodynamic adjustment when considering the transition from tide‐dominated estuaries to aggrading river‐dominated estuaries. After this transition, the estuary evolution depends on the discharge‐to‐width ratio. Tidal prism either decreases with higher river discharge as the tidal flow is dampened and the estuary aggrades, or increases when the estuary widens as it adjusts to the increase in total discharge. Additionally, results show that a higher river discharge increases the difference between the limit of flood‐dominant sediment transport and the limit of flow reversal, which has important implications for the preservation of the tidal signal in the stratigraphy. Estuary dimensions and channel patterns can be described as a function of river and tidal discharge. These findings indicate that the dynamic spatial component in numerical models is crucial in predicting trends in long‐term estuary morphology as well as in inverse predictions from stratigraphy.
Hybrid optimization model for design and optimization of microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Subhadra Sarngadharan Ajitha , Narasimhamurthy Rashmi , Sankaramoorthy Balasubramaniam , Singh Suryabhan Pratap , Singh Charanjeet 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe antenna design for a specified resonant frequency necessitates the computation of optimal values of different sizes. This is a harder task for microstrip patch antenna (MPA) since there is no precise numerical formula that leads to accurate solutions for designing these antennas. Presently, bio‐inspired approaches are widely deployed in numerous antenna designs and it has revealed an immense assurance in handling the rising necessities of antenna engineering for overall cost, reduced size, and enhanced performances. This work aims to introduce an optimal MPA design, where the antenna elements like patch length, patch height, substrate width, and substrate length are optimally tuned by a new hybrid optimization model. For this, a new hybridized model known as shark smell integrated EHO is proposed. Eventually, the primacy of the suggested model is scrutinized via varied assessments.
The anti‐obesity and anti‐diabetic effects of the edible seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata (Postels et Ruprecht) J. Agardh in mice fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Murakami Shigeru , Hirazawa Chihiro , Mizutani Toshiki , Yoshikawa Rina , Ohya Takuma , Ma Ning , Owaki Yutaka , Owaki Toyohiro , Ito Takashi , Matsuzaki Chiaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObesity and diabetes are serious, chronic medical conditions associated with a wide range of life‐threatening conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the edible red seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata (Postels et Ruprecht) J. Agardh (G. furcata) on the development of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic diseases in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat (HF) diet (60% energy as fat), or an HF diet containing 2% (w/w) or 6% powdered G. furcata for 13 weeks. Polysaccharides of G. furcata were isolated and their anti‐inflammatory effects were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The HF diet group showed greater weight gain, lipid accumulation in the body and liver, and increased serum levels of glucose and cholesterol in comparison to the normal group fed a normal diet (10% energy as fat). The treatment of HF diet mice with G. furcata reduced these changes and stimulated the fecal excretion of fat. In addition, G. furcata suppressed the HF diet‐induced elevation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers in the serum and liver. The isolated sulfated polysaccharide from G. furcata inhibited pancreatic lipase activity and decreased the production of nitric oxide and TNF‐α in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. These results show that G. furcata treatment can attenuate obesity, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia in mice fed an HF diet, which is associated with inhibited intestinal fat absorption and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress by a sulfated polysaccharide.
Information‐based multivariate decoding reveals imprecise neural encoding in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during visual selective attention
Authors: Li Dongwei , Luo Xiangsheng , Guo Jialiang , Kong Yuanjun , Hu Yiqing , Chen Yanbo , Zhu Yu , Wang Yufeng , Sun Li , Song Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school‐age children. Attentional orientation is a potential clinical diagnostic marker to aid in the early diagnosis of ADHD. However, the underlying pathophysiological substrates of impaired attentional orienting in childhood ADHD remain unclear. Electroencephalography (EEG) was measured in 135 school‐age children (70 with childhood ADHD and 65 matched typically developing children) to directly investigate target localization during spatial selective attention through univariate ERP analysis and information‐based multivariate pattern machine learning analysis. Compared with children with typical development, a smaller N2pc was found in the ADHD group through univariate ERP analysis. Children with ADHD showed a lower parieto‐occipital multivariate decoding accuracy approximately 240–340 ms after visual search onset, which predicts a slower reaction time and larger standard deviation of reaction time. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between N2pc and decoding accuracy in typically developing children but not in children with ADHD. These observations reveal that impaired attentional orienting in ADHD may be due to inefficient neural encoding responses. By using a personalized information‐based multivariate machine learning approach, we have advanced the understanding of cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. Our study provides potential research directions for the early diagnosis and optimization of personalized intervention in children with ADHD.
“It Was Rough”: The experiences of first‐generation collegians transitioning into higher education amid COVID‐19
Authors: Santa‐Ramirez Stephen , Block Sarah , Vargas Anthony , Muralidhar Kavitha , Ikegwuonu Chukwu(emeka) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the global health pandemic caused by COVID‐19, most collegians and higher education agents abruptly transitioned to online learning and virtual interactions. Although online education is not a new phenomenon, this was an unforeseen transition for most students in higher education. This study investigated what first‐generation collegians in their 1st year and 1st‐year transfers experienced at a public university in the northeast United States during the 2020–2021 academic year. Findings include increased isolation and mental health issues, connection‐building, a lack of faculty and peer connections, and belongingness via in‐person and virtual community spaces. Recommendations are provided for how higher education agents can best serve these collegians in virtual courses, programming initiatives, and beyond.
Variation in the infant health effects of the women, infants, and children program by predicted risk using novel machine learning methods
Authors: Peet Evan D. , Schultz Dana , Lovejoy Susan , Tsui Fuchiang (Rich) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has an extensive literature documenting positive effects on infant health outcomes, specifically preterm birth, low birthweight, small size for gestational age, and infant mortality. However, existing studies focus on average effects for these relatively infrequent outcomes, thus providing no evidence for how WIC affects those at greatest risk of negative infant health outcomes. Our study focuses on documenting how WIC's infant health effects vary by level of risk. In doing so, we leverage a uniquely rich database describing maternal and infant outcomes and risk factors. Additionally, we use high dimensional data to generate predictions of risk and combine these predictions with the novel double machine learning method to stratify the effects of WIC by predicted risk. Our estimates of WIC's average treatment effects align with those in the existing literature. More importantly, we document significant variation in the effects of WIC on infant health by predicted risk level. Our results show that WIC is most beneficial among those at greatest risk of poor outcomes.
Microelectrodes and radiofrequency for transoral horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy in T3 tumors
Authors: Basterra Jorge , Oishi Natsuki , Alba José Ramón , Zapater Enrique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this manuscript is to show the surgical technique for horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy in T3 carcinomas by a transoral approach using microelectrodes and radiofrequency. From 2009 to 2020, 11 selected cases of T3 laryngeal supraglottic carcinomas invading the pre‐epiglottic space, with preserved vocal cords mobility underwent surgery. The technique is described step by step. Average time duration of the larynx surgery was 95 min. Nine percent of the patients presented a profuse hemorrhage 7 days postoperative; in 73% of patients the nasogastric feeding tube was withdrew 10 days after surgery. We emphasize a remarkable short surgical time and high hemostatic effectiveness. The ME tips allow to perform cuts at angles and contribute with a sense of touch. The low cost of the equipment and its easy handling and maintenance is a remarkable advantage over other technologies for transoral surgery.
Alpha‐2‐Heremans‐Schmid‐glycoprotein (AHSG) a potential biomarker associated with prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: The PROPOLIS study
Authors: Li Xin , Ma Cuiyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsChromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is the third common pathological subtype in renal cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of specific genetic characteristics of chRCC are currently unclear. In this study, protein expression profiles, gene ontology (GO), and survival plots were provided by integrated bioinformatics analysis to investigate key genes associated with the mechanism of tumorigenesis and prognosis of chRCC.MethodsThe chRCC data set of gene expression profiles and clinical data were obtained from the gdc‐client (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov) deposited on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chRCC, compared with normal samples, were analyzed by R packages “DESeq2,” “edgeR,” and “limma.” Heat maps, volcano plots, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed for integrated analyses. GUniGO, mutant analysis, and survival plots were performed by R packages. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated and analyzed by R packages, online String software, and Cytoscape software. Survival analysis and gene expressing comparison in tumor and normal samples were used to detect the core genes of chRCC. Furthermore, the top interacting proteins were reanalyzed.ResultsA total of 306 upregulated genes and 678 downregulated genes were identified by a Venn diagram. Ten hub genes were extracted from PPI network. Furthermore, Alpha‐2‐Heremans‐Schmid‐glycoprotein (AHSG), one of 10 hub genes, was found to be associated with chRCC, and had a big difference in expression between survival and dead events. AHSG could predict potential prognostic and may be a diagnostic biomarker in chRCC.ConclusionThis study illustrated that AHSG may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic genetic marker for chRCC.
Assessment of mental health problems among adolescents in Sri Lanka: Findings from the cross‐sectional Global School‐based Health Survey
Authors: Rasalingam Gajarishiyan , Rajalingam Arrosan , Chandradasa Miyuru , Nath Mintu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMental health condition among adolescents is a leading cause of health‐related disability in Sri Lanka. The study aims to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the associated risk factors in three major mental health domains—loneliness, anxiety and suicidal ideation—among Sri Lankan adolescents.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data of 3262 adolescents from the Global School‐based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted by the WHO in 2016. We modeled the binary outcome variables using multivariable logistic regression models with exposures representing demography, food habits, personal hygiene, behavior, substance abuse, parental and social engagement of the respondents.ResultsWe estimated the prevalence of loneliness, anxiety and suicidal ideation as 30.8% (95% CI: 29.3, 32.5), 20.2% (95% CI: 18.8, 21.6) and 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1, 4.4), respectively, and the overall prevalence as 40.3% (95% CI: 38.6, 42.0). Mental health problems were more prevalent among females than males. Engagement with parents and close friends, adequate nutritional intake and physically active lifestyles reduced the risk of common mental health problems. Exposure variables like food insecurity, truancy, second‐hand smoking, physical fight, and being bullied increased adolescents’ risk of reported psychological problems.ConclusionsWe conclude that the prevalence of mental health problems in the Sri Lankan adolescent population was higher than the global average. Results suggest that future policy decisions to mitigate mental health problems among Sri Lankan adolescents should incorporate an integrated approach involving the individual, family and community to promote positive home and school environments combined with an active and healthy lifestyle.
Performance analysis of induced draft cooling tower integrated with rotary silica gel mesh
Authors: Sanjay  , Mishra Sanjay , Alam Tabish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA humid environment decreases the performance of induced draft counter flow cooling towers (IDCFCT) normally used in power plants and process industries. The primary objective of this study is to experimentally analyze the effect of using rotary silica gel mesh (RSGM) on the performance of IDCFCT. Experimental setups of IDCFCT with and without RSGM have been designed and fabricated to perform the comparative analysis. The performance of both cooling towers (CTs) in terms of output temperature, relative humidity of air, range, approach, and effectiveness at different air velocities has been investigated. The results indicate that the outlet air temperature of IDCFCT integrated with the RSGM wheel is 0.5–1.5°C higher than the IDCFCT without the RSGM wheel. IDCFCT with RSGM wheel shows maximum effectiveness of 0.67 at an air velocity of 1.5 m/s and inlet water temperature of 55°C; whereas, for IDCFCT without RSGM wheel, it is only 0.54. In terms of efficiency, RSGM wheel integrated IDCFCT shows an improvement of 24% compared to IDCFCT without RSGM wheel. It has been observed that RSGM‐integrated IDCFCT also helps to save water up to 431.7 kg/h at an air velocity of 1 m/s with a water inlet temperature of 35°C. Moreover, the advantage of integrating the RSGM wheel with IDCFCT has been further corroborated in terms of the reduction in the height of the CT obtained with the help of a thermodynamic model.
Effect of CuO‐, SiO2‐, and Al2O3‐based nanofluids on automotive cooling systems from laminar to turbulent flow regime—A CFD study
Authors: Ijaz Hamdoon , Raza Hassan , Gohar Ghulam Abbas , Ullah Sana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent studies, much attention has been given to nanofluids suggesting that adding nanoparticles in base fluids offers a higher heat transfer rate compared with conventional fluids. This study is based on the numerical investigation of different types of nanofluids, consisting of CuO (50 nm), SiO2 (40 nm), and Al2O3 (15 nm) nanoparticles at different volume concentrations. Several simulations were performed from low to high Reynolds numbers, corresponding to laminar and turbulent flow regimes using ANSYS‐Fluent CFD solver. Results suggest that under a laminar flow regime with the same Reynolds number of 2000, CuO‐based nanofluids perform better as compared with SiO2 and Al2O3‐based nanofluids with Nusselt number (Nu) having percentage increase of 90% and 60% comparing with SiO2‐ and Al2O3‐based nanofluids, respectively. However, at higher Reynolds numbers when the flow is turbulent, Al2O3‐based nanofluids demonstrate better performance having a percentage increase in Nusselt numbers equal to 40% and 23% as compared with CuO and SiO2‐based nanofluids respectively under the same Reynolds number of 15,000. This implies that turbulence has a significant effect on heat transfer rate, and is not only related to thermal conductivity. This study will help in designing more compact cooling systems for engines and the internal environment of motor vehicles.
Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits
Authors: Kassim Faiz M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis research aimed to systematically review the acute effects of amphetamine (AMP), a dopamine‐releasing agent, on working memory (WM) and other cognitive performances. The investigation also aimed to review the impact of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP and possible links between personality traits and effects of AMP.MethodsPrevious double‐blind controlled studies assessing the main effects of AMP on WM and other cognitive performances in healthy volunteers were systematically reviewed. An electronic search was performed in the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Narrative reviews of the influence of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP were included.ResultsNineteen WM studies were included in the current review. Seven studies found effects of AMP on spatial WM, but only one study found the effect of AMP on verbal WM. Thirty‐seven independent studies on other aspects of cognitive performance were identified. Twenty‐two reported effects of AMP on cognitive functions. Studies also showed that personality traits are associated with the subjective effects of AMP. However, few studies reported the impacts of personality traits on the objective (such as WM) effects of AMP.ConclusionOverall, findings indicate that AMP has mixed‐effects on spatial WM and other cognitive functions, but it lacks effects on verbal WM. Although there are insufficient studies on objective measures, studies also indicated that the subjective effects of AMP administration are linked to between‐person variations in personality traits.
Can we predict non‐response in developmental tasks? Assessing the longitudinal relation between toddlers' non‐response and early academic skills
Authors: Spit Sybren , Mulder Hanna , van Houdt Carolien , Verhagen Josje 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo date, virtually no studies have examined toddlers' non‐response in developmental tasks. This study investigates data from 3667 toddlers to address (1) whether two aspects of non‐response (completion and engagement) are separable, (2) how stable these aspects are from ages two to three, (3) how non‐response relates to background characteristics, and (4) whether non‐response at ages two and three predicts early academic skills at age six. Structural equation modelling shows that completion and engagement are separable constructs, relatively stable across age, and related to several background characteristics. Especially engagement predicts later academic performance. Results show that non‐response in behavioural tasks in toddlers is not random, increasing the likelihood of sampling bias and lack of generalizability in developmental studies.
CXCR4 expression is associated with proneural‐to‐mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma
Authors: Khan A. Basit , Lee Sungho , Harmanci Akdes Serin , Patel Rajan , Latha Khatri , Yang Yuhui , Marisetty Anantha , Lee Hyun‐Kyoung , Heimberger Amy B. , Fuller Gregory N. , Deneen Benjamin , Rao Ganesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignant tumor and consists of three molecular subtypes: proneural (PN), mesenchymal (MES) and classical (CL). Transition between PN to MES subtypes (PMT) is the glioma analog of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinomas and is associated with resistance to therapy. CXCR4 signaling increases the expression of MES genes in glioma cell lines and promotes EMT in other cancers. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data of PN GBMs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and secondary high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) from an internal cohort were examined for correlation between CXCR4 expression and survival as well as expression of MES markers. Publicly available single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data was analyzed for cell type specific CXCR4 expression. These results were validated in a genetic mouse model of PN GBM. Higher CXCR4 expression was associated with significantly reduced survival and increased expression of MES markers in TCGA and internal cohorts. CXCR4 was expressed in immune and tumor cells based on scRNAseq analysis. Higher CXCR4 expression within tumor cells on scRNAseq was associated with increased MES phenotype, suggesting a cell‐autonomous effect. In a genetically engineered mouse model, tumors induced with CXCR4 exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype and shortened survival. These results suggest that CXCR4 signaling promotes PMT and shortens survival in GBM and highlights its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Revisiting positionality through intersectional identities: A retrospective of parent and child research
Authors: Kabuto Bobbie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractParent and child research has made important contributions to literacy research and advanced research methodologies in studying linguistically diverse families. Positionality has been a cornerstone concept in ethnographic research and often referenced in parent and child studies. In this article, I present a review of the literature on parent and child research published between 2010 and 2021 to explore matters of positionality. The data consist of 24 articles in peer‐reviewed journals, which were analyzed through a content analysis to investigate the diverse ways that parents and children were co‐positioned within a research context through the lens of intersectional identities. Findings specifically focus on nine of the 24 studies that address linguistic diversity in language and literacy learning. This article will conclude with recommendations for addressing positionality within parent and child research processes.