bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Leafhopper on Concord Grapes, 1982
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. , Danko Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard infested with Erythroneura comes (Say). Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Sprayes were applied on Aug 13 using a 6-gal True-Test plant sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 61256ET? hydraulic vineyard sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to runoff resulting in approximately 200 gal of spray per acre. Spray water pH was 7.15. Triton AG-98 (2 oz/100 gal) was used as a spreader-sticker in all treatments. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected at random per plot. Pre-treatment counts were made on Aug 11. Data were transformed to X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test.
Larvicidal Activity Against the Grape Berry Moth, 1981
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Ellis Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 15-year-old experimental vineyard of 'Concord' grapes at Wooster, OH was used for this evaluation. Rows were 9 ft on center with 9 ft between vines in the row. Each row was a randomized complete block containing a single replicate of each of the 6 treatments. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines, with 4 replicates/ treatment. Insecticidal applications were made on July 10 and Jul 30 at the rate of 80 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a C02 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with Tee Jet D3 disc and No. 23 core. A spreader-sticker (Ortho X-77) was added to all insecticide and fungicide sprays at 1 pt/100 gal. Fungicides were applied to the entire experiment area at a 2 week interval beginning in mid-May through July, using 1 lb Benlate 50 WP and 2 lb Captan 50 WP/lOOgal. On Aug 2, applications were made using 1/2 lb Folpet 50 WP, plus 1/2 lb Dithane M-45/100 gal water. Ten clusters were taken at random from each plot, and the number of 'stung' berries in each plot was recorded. Date of harvest was Sep 23.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (CRM), 1982
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Sorrell Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 5 times on single-tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treatment trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 400 psi (ca 6 gal/tree) using a truck-mounted sprayer on Jun 11. Water pH of each tank mix was determined immediately prior to spraying using a Fisher digital 107 pH meter. Approximately 500 gal of surface lake water with a pH of 9.0 was collected from Lake Shipp in Winter Haven. The water in Amitraz tank mixes was reduced to desired pH levels using 1090% citric acid prior to the addition of Amitraz,. Twenty it of living motile CRM was recorded as 1 fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm count per fruit observation.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1982
Authors: Selhime A. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to two tree plots, replicated 5 times in randomized complete blocks. Sprays were applied dilute full coverage with a handgun and truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer at 400 psi (at the pump). Treatments were applied Apr 29, Test 1; and May 6, Test 2. Water pH tested 6.7 and 6.2 for the two test dates. Leaf samples (20/replicate) were taken from each treatment periodically before and after spraying. Living citrus rust mites seen in 4 10X binocular microscope fields/leaf, 284 cm /rep (2 fields upper and 2 fields lower leaf surface), were counted. Vendex was used as a standard acaricide in Test 1 and oil 435-66 was used as a standard in Test 2.
Pecan Phylloxera Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1982
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature 'Schley' pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Research and Extension Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. On each of 5 trees, 3 branches were selected on which 8 terminals per branch (each terminal corresponding to a treatment) were flagged. Terminals were sprayed on Mar 18, using a 1 qt, hand held plastic spray bottle. An equal amount of material was applied to each terminal at the recommended rate. Terminals were sampled on Apr 29. Sampling consisted of counting the number of galls per terminal. Data were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Kuels Test (P = O.05).
The Efficacy of Selected Home Use Insecticide Products Upon German Cockroach Populations, 198
Authors: Ballard J. B. , Gold R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study sites were residences under the management of the Omaha Tribal Housing Authority, Macy, Nebraska. Pretreatment German cockroach population levels were assessed by placing sticky traps (distributed by Mitsuboshi Boeki, Inc.) in 85 homes for 1 night. One trap was placed under the kitchen sink, behind the stove, behind the toilet of each bathroom and next to the water heater in the basement of each home. Traps were removed after 1 night, cockroaches counted, and a cockroaches/trap/night value calculated. Insecticides evaluated were all registered for use upon cockroaches and available to the general public. All insecticide treatments were then applied once by using equipment indicated on the label; however, a banding technique, not indicated on the label for some products, was uniformly used for all treatments except 2. In the case of Smo-Cloud and Holiday Fogger, 2 containers of insecticide, 1 in the kitchen and 1 in the hallway, were used, fumigation style, to treat each residence. To evaluate the efficacy of the treatments, traps were placed in the original locations in the residences for 1 night at intervals of 1 day, 1 wk, 1 mo and 2 mo post-treatment. A cockroaches/trap/night value was calculated and compared to the pretreatment value to determine percent reduction.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control on a Golf Course Fairway in Reading, Pa, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were applied Aug 18 for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (90%) and annual bluegrass (10%). Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, followed by watering in with 3 gal water. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 83°F; soil temperature, 58°F; soil type, clay-loam; soil pH, 5.9: percent organic matter, 2.4; soil condition „ moist; amount of thatch, 1.5 in; and skies were partly cloudy. Post-treatment counts were made 44 days later (Oct 1). Four ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the -total number of living Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample. An average of 10 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded Aug 18 prior to treatment.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations on Greenhouse Floricultural Plants, Georgia, 1981:
Authors: Getting R. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
RE 35394 and SD 52618 were applied to 20 selected ornamental species and phytotoxic effects were determined. Application rates were 0.008, 0.016, and 0.032 lb ai/100 gal for RE 35394 and 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai/100 gal for SD 52618. Sprays were applied, to the point of run-off, weekly for 4 applications in Sep and Oct utilizing a power sprayer at 80 psi. The temperatures ranged from 29-31°C with RH of 60-82% at the time of the applications. Plants were grown in a 1:1 mixture of Metro Mix 300 and peat moss and maintained on raised greenhouse benches. Treatments consisted of single pots replicated 6 times. Treatments were evaluated each week and a damage rating made on a scale of 0-3: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe damage. Ratings of 9 to 1 are considered acceptable.
Phytotoxicity Studies, New Hampshire, 1981
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinney Tim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were applied to selected woody ornamental nursery crops to evaluate potential phytotoxicity. Experiments were conducted between Apr and Jul at the University of New Hampshire Horticultural Farm in Durham, NH. The ornamentals had been planted in rows and were sprayed at 0.5, IX (recommended rate), 2X and 4X using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi. Each experimental rate was applied to 4 single plant replicates, to the point of runoff, in a randomized block design. The ornamentals were examined 9 and 10 days after application.
Control of Nantucket Pine TIP Moth on Mugo Pines, 1982
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Whitcomb Carl , King Ed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three different systemic insecticides were evaluated for control of Nantucket pine tip moth on mugo pines in 2 different tests. The tests were conducted at the OSU Horticulture Research Farm outside of Stillwater, Oklahoma. Treatments were applied for Test 1 on Nov 6, 1981 and Treatments for Test 2 on Mar 2, 1982. The 3-gal container grown pines were approximately 12 in tall. All plants were watered after treatments were applied. Each treatment was replicated 10 times in a randomized block design. On May 20, all trees were evaluated by removing damaged tips and checking for live larvae.
Control of Gypsy Moth Caterpillar with Kryocide, 1981
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinner Tim S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kryocide was evaluated on oak leaves for the control of third instar gypsy moth larvae at the University of New Hampshire. Orthene was used as a standard. The chemicals were applied on June 4. The treatments were rated 1, 4, 5 and 7 days after application. Leaves were dipped into the appropriate solutions and fed to larvae in pint paper containers. Freshly dipped leaves were added after 4 days. Treatments were replicated 3 times. Each replicate represented 5 containers with 5 larvae per container for a total of 75 larvae per treatment.
Interaction of Soil Systemics and Herbicides on Lima Beans, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. , Beste C. E. , Bagley P. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'C-elete' lima beans were planted 1 to 1.5 inches deep, in single row plots, 17 ft in length and 6 ft in width, on Jul 9. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The insecticide treatments were applied at planting time with a single spout electric drive Gandy (Model 901-2). Sidedress treatments were applied 2 in to the side of the row and 2 inches below the seed. Dribble treatments were allowed to flow freely from the tube directly over the row behind the furrow press-wheel and followed by a drag chain. Band treatments were applied in a 6-in-wide band over the row behind the furrow press-wheel and followed by a drag chain. Preplant incorporated (ppi) treatments of herbicides were made on Jul 8 and the preemergence (pre) treatments were made Jul 9. The ppi treatments were incorporated 3 inches with a rotatiller. Herbicide treatments were applied broadcast with a unicycle sprayer with a 6-ft boom (4 8003 flat fan nozzles). Treatments were applied at the rate of 26.5 gal/acre at 30 psi. The soil type with a Norfolk 'A' loamy sand (0.6% O.M.). Yields were taken Oct 11 by harvesting the entire row (17 ft). The beans were hulled in a commercial viner and the shelled weight was recorded. Whole plant yields include roots, stems, leaves, pods and beans before shel1ing.
Acaricide Efficacy Evaluation, California, 1982:
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three acaricides were tested for efficacy against the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on lima bean. There were 5 two-leaved bean plants per material including a water check. All plants were infested with 20 adult female T. urticae per leaf 24 h prior to pesticide application. The following treatments were applied with a 1-gal hand sprayer at 60 psT until runoff: Safer's Insecticidal Soap (300 oz/100 gal); Fluvalinate 2E (0.5 lb ai/100 gal); fenpropathrin 2.4E (0.1 lb ai/100 gal). All mites on each plant were counted for 3 and 10 days post spray.
European Corn Borer Control in Snap Bean, 1982
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Bush Blue Lake 94' snap beans were planted Jun 1 at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 3-row, 35 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. Ten plants from the center of each row were artificially infested Jul 23 with 2 egg masses/plant of European corn borer in the 'blackhead' stage of development. Insecticides were applied either Jul 19, 23, or 26, using a CO -powered sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at ca 25 psi .
Mass transfer behavior in electrode and battery performance analysis of organic flow battery
Authors: Chu Fengming , Lu Wen , Zhai Dailong , Xiao Guozhen , Yang Guoan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The organic flow battery is one of most potential electrochemical energy storage technologies due to the huge potential and cheapness. The mass transfer performance is one of the main barriers to limit the development. The species distribution and transport process in the electrode is influenced by the geometric characteristic of electrode. A novel numerical model for the organic redox flow battery is built, and this model is verified by the experiments. The results show that the mass transfer and battery performances are influenced by the electrode thickness significantly. Taking the ohmic loss into consideration, the optimal electrode thickness is 1.5 mm. The rising of electrode channel depth significantly reduces the discharge voltage. When the channel depth is 4 mm, the uniformity factor is lowest. The rising of the initial concentration can promote the battery performance and uniformity factor. The positive active species concentration leads to the bigger influence. This work can contribute to the industrial application of the organic flow battery.
BSAC Vanguard Series: Artificial intelligence and antibiotic stewardship
Authors: Chang Amy , Chen Jonathan H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship is a key facet in preventing antimicrobial resistance but can be difficult to put into practice. Frontline providers are faced with the unknowns of pending culture data plus the urgency of appropriate antibiotic choice to prevent sepsis-related mortality; this often leads to broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. Currently available resources lack a customized approach to individual patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) focused on antimicrobial stewardship may create a unique opportunity to provide individualized, real-time recommendations to providers on appropriate, but narrower spectrum, antibiotic options. We envision that, with further advances in AI, personalized clinical decision support tools to optimize antibiotic prescribing could be available within the next decade.
Communicating With Breast Imaging Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Patient Care and Physician Wellness
Authors: Milch Hannah S , Grimm Lars J , Plimpton Steven R , Tran Khai , Markovic Daniela , Dontchos Brian N , Destounis Stamatia , Dialani Vandana , Dogan Basak E , Sonnenblick Emily B , Zuley Margarita L , Dodelzon Katerina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Assess the impact of COVID-19 on patient-breast radiologist interactions and evaluate the relationship between safety measure–constrained communication and physician wellbeing.

Methods
A 41-question survey on the perceived effect of COVID-19 on patient care was distributed from June 2020 to September 2020 to members of the Society of Breast Imaging and the National Consortium of Breast Centers. Non-radiologists and international members were excluded. Anxiety and psychological distress scores were calculated. A multivariable logistic model was used to identify demographic and mental health factors associated with responses.

Results
Five hundred twenty-five surveys met inclusion criteria (23% response rate). Diminished ability to fulfill patients’ emotional needs was reported by 46% (221/479), a response associated with younger age (OR, 0.8 per decade; P &lt; 0.01), higher anxiety (OR, 2.3; P &lt; 0.01), and higher psychological distress (OR, 2.2; P = 0.04). Personal protective equipment made patient communication more difficult for 88% (422/478), a response associated with younger age (OR, 0.8 per decade; P = 0.008), female gender (OR, 1.9; P &lt; 0.01), and greater anxiety (OR, 2.6; P = 0.001). The inability to provide the same level of care as prior to COVID-19 was reported by 37% (177/481) and was associated with greater anxiety (OR, 3.4; P &lt; 0.001) and psychological distress (OR, 1.7; P = 0.03).

Conclusion
The majority of breast radiologists reported that COVID-19 has had a negative impact on patient care. This perception was more likely among younger radiologists and those with higher levels of anxiety and psychological distress.
Automated Detection of Bowel Preparation Scoring and Adequacy With Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Low Daniel J , Hong Zhuoqiao , Jugnundan Sechiv , Mukherjee Anjishnu , Grover Samir C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Adequate bowel preparation is integral to effective colonoscopy. Inadequate bowel preparation has been associated with reduced adenoma detection rate and increased post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC). As a result, the USMSTF recommends early interval reevaluation for colonoscopies with inadequate bowel preparation. However, bowel preparation documentation is highly variable with subjective interpretation. In this study, we developed deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to objectively ascertain bowel preparation.

Methods
Bowel preparation scores were assigned using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Bowel preparation adequacy and inadequacy were defined as BBPS ≥2 and BBPS &lt;2, respectively. A total of 38523 images were extracted from 28 colonoscopy videos and split into 26966 images for training, 7704 for validation, and 3853 for testing. Two DCNNs were created using a Densenet-169 backbone in PyTorch library evaluating BBPS score and bowel preparation adequacy. We used Adam optimiser with an initial learning rate of 3 × 10−4 and a scheduler to decay the learning rate of each parameter group by 0.1 every 7 epochs along with focal loss as our criterion for both classifiers.

Results
The overall accuracy for BBPS subclassification and determination of adequacy was 91% and 98%, respectively. The accuracy for BBPS 0, BBPS 1, BBPS 2, and BBPS 3 was 84%, 91%, 85%, and 96%, respectively.

Conclusion
We developed DCCNs capable of assessing bowel preparation adequacy and scoring with a high degree of accuracy. However, this algorithm will require further research to assess its efficacy in real-time colonoscopy.
Investigation of the effect of Acai berry on the pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin, Alogliptin and Empagliflozin: a herb–drug interaction study
Authors: Nanjappan Satheesh Kumar , Somabattini Ravi Adinarayan , Ravichandiran Velayutham 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the effect of Acai berry on the pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin (ATR), Alogliptin (ALO) and Empagliflozin (EMPA) in SD rats.

Method
Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). First three groups were treated with Acai berry (PO; 250 mg/kg); fourth, fifth and sixth groups received sodium CMC (vehicle) for 10 days and on eleventh day, first and fourth groups were administered with ATR (PO; 10 mg/kg); second and fifth groups with ALO (PO; 25 mg/kg) and third and sixth groups received EMPA (PO; 25 mg/kg).

Key findings
Co-intake of ATR with Acai berry resulted in slight decrease in Cmax from 41.78 to 34.65 ng/ml and AUC from 227.66 to 136.31 (µg/ml) *h, while there was an increase in the Cmax from 43.43 to 68.71 ng/ml and AUC from 117.6 to 207.1 (µg/ml) *h in ALO treated groups and Cmax from 173.99 to 250.1 ng/ml and AUC from 400.37 to 518.35 (µg/ml) *h in the EMPA-treated groups.

Conclusion
There was a significant change in the AUC0-t and Cmax of ATR, ALO and EMPA after co-administration with Acai berry. Further studies are recommended to confirm the clinical significance of these interactions.
NMR-derived secondary structure of the full-lengthOx40mRNA 3′UTR and its multivalent binding to the immunoregulatory RBP Roquin
Authors: Tants Jan-Niklas , Becker Lea Marie , McNicoll François , Müller-McNicoll Michaela , Schlundt Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControl of posttranscriptional mRNA decay is a crucial determinant of cell homeostasis and differentiation. mRNA lifetime is governed by cis-regulatory elements in their 3′ untranslated regions (UTR). Despite ongoing progress in the identification of cis elements we have little knowledge about the functional and structural integration of multiple elements in 3′UTR regulatory hubs and their recognition by mRNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Structural analyses are complicated by inconsistent mapping and prediction of RNA fold, by dynamics, and size. We here, for the first time, provide the secondary structure of a complete mRNA 3′UTR. We use NMR spectroscopy in a divide-and-conquer strategy complemented with SAXS, In-line probing and SHAPE-seq applied to the 3′UTR of Ox40 mRNA, which encodes a T-cell co-receptor repressed by the protein Roquin. We provide contributions of RNA elements to Roquin-binding. The protein uses its extended bi-modal ROQ domain to sequentially engage in a 2:1 stoichiometry with a 3′UTR core motif. We observe differential binding of Roquin to decay elements depending on their structural embedment. Our data underpins the importance of studying RNA regulation in a full sequence and structural context. This study serves as a paradigm for an approach in analysing structured RNA-regulatory hubs and their binding by RBPs.
The Focus Theory of Hope
Authors: Chignell Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Most elpistologists now agree that hope for a specific outcome involves more than just desire plus the presupposition that the outcome is possible. This paper argues that the additional element of hope is a disposition to focus on the desired outcome in a certain way. I first survey the debate about the nature of hope in the recent literature, offer objections to some important competing accounts, and describe and defend the view that hope involves a kind of focus or attention. I then suggest that this account makes sense of the intuitive thought that there are moral and pragmatic norms on hope that go beyond the norms on desires and modal presuppositions. I conclude by considering some key questions.
At the Crossroads of Salinity and Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis
Authors: Chakraborty Sanhita , Harris Jeanne M. 
Published: March 2022

Legume roots interact with soil bacteria rhizobia to develop nodules, de novo symbiotic root organs that host these rhizobia and are mini factories of atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Nodulation is a sophisticated developmental process and is sensitive to several abiotic factors, salinity being one of them. While salinity influences both the free-living partners, symbiosis is more vulnerable than other aspects of plant and microbe physiology, and the symbiotic interaction is strongly impaired even under moderate salinity. In this review, we tease apart the various known components of rhizobium-legume symbiosis and how they interact with salt stress. We focus primarily on the initial stages of symbiosis since we have a greater mechanistic understanding of the interaction at these stages. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .