bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic workup of Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Balomenaki Maria , Margaritopoulos Dimitris , Vassiliadi Dimitra Argyro , Tsagarakis Stylianos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare but detrimental endocrine disorder. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential since the duration of hypercortisolism has an adverse impact on the extent of comorbidities and overall survival. The diagnostic approach involves a stepwise process that includes (1) screening and confirming the diagnosis and (2) establishing the aetiology of CS. The tests currently used to confirm the diagnosis of CS include urinary free cortisol measurements, the dexamethasone suppression test and late‐ night salivary cortisol or midnight serum cortisol measurements. None of these tests are ideal; all have pitfalls and require careful interpretation. Following confirmation of CS, measurement of ACTH discriminates between ACTH‐dependent and non‐ACTH dependent causes of CS. Adrenal imaging provides clues for the aetiology of non‐ACTH dependent forms. Differentiation between the ACTH‐dependent forms that involve pituitary corticotroph adenomas and ectopic ACTH sources is more complex and include pituitary MRI imaging, the high dose dexamethasone suppression test, the CRH test, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling and, when required imaging modalities to detect ectopic ACTH secreting lesions. This review, which is part of a special issue on "Update of Cushing's syndrome: 100 years after Minnie G" will provide an update on our current diagnostic workup for the confirmation and differential diagnosis of CS.
Endolift laser an effective treatment modality for forehead wrinkles and frown line
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Fakhim Tannaz , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Torkamaniha Elham , Nouri Maryam , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Behrangi Elham , Hanifnia Amirreza , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe search of beauty and youth has received a lot of attention which is proved by increasing cosmetic techniques. The people prefer non‐surgical and invasive method for reduction and wrinkles treatment.MethodsIn this study, we used Endolift laser for forehead wrinkles and frown line treatment to evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of this technique for reduction of forehead wrinkles and frown line. A total of 9 patients with forehead wrinkles and frown line were included in the current study. The results were investigated using biometric evaluation. Also, assessment was performed clinically and photographically, and physician's assessment and patient satisfaction responses were recorded.ResultsAccording to the biometric results, the skin thickness and elasticity significantly increase after Endolift laser treatment. According to the physician's assessment, 90% of patients displayed very much improvement after Endolift laser treatment, and according to the patient assessment, 91% of patients reported positive satisfaction response.ConclusionTreatment with Endolift laser is safe and an effective method for decrease of forehead wrinkles and frown line treatment. It offers as a non‐invasive alternative technique in compared to other invasive procedures for forehead wrinkles and frown line treatment.
Evaluation of the functioning of long‐term at‐home nursing care in Poland from the perspective of care providers: Mixed methods study
Authors: Ziembicka Dominika M. , Lukaszuk Bartlomiej , Marcinowicz Ludmila 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to analyse and evaluate the functioning of long‐term at‐home nursing care (LTHNC) based on the opinions of its service providers.BackgroundLong‐term at‐home nursing care is a form of care for patients who do not need hospital treatment but need systematic nursing care because of their health problems. LTHNC in Poland involves guaranteed care services financed from universal health insurance contributions pursuant to contracts with the National Health Fund (NHF); the program has existed since 2004.DesignA sequential‐explanatory mixed‐method design was used. The study was carried out using both quantitative and qualitative research methods.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed amongst 1119 care providers (the response rate was 38.2%). The qualitative research comprised semi‐structured interviews with ten care providers, namely three nurses managing LTHNC facilities and seven nurses directly providing services as part of LTHNC. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study.ResultsWe found that the main reasons for contracting LTHNC services were the increasing demand for this form of care, financial motives and an opportunity to introduce new organisational solutions. Our study shows that LTHNC is beneficial not only for the patients, but also for the nurses who provide the care. On the one hand, LTHNC provides positive results for patients and their caregivers (family members), and on the other hand, it affords a sense of satisfaction to the nurses and contributes to the development of their professional independence.ConclusionsAccording to care providers, improving accessibility through increasing the number of contracted services as well as raising the pay for 1 day of care per patient may improve the functioning of LTHNC.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of our study are a source of information for those who organise health care and administer resources on how to improve the functioning of LTHNC.
Expression of HHLA2, TMIGD2, and GITR in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Jie , Wang Shuo , Wu Cong‐Cong , Wu Lei , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the two most common malignancies of salivary gland. Our study aims to explore the role of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced tumor necrosis factor receptor in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and the relationship between human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor, oncogenic signaling molecules, and cluster of differentiation 8.MethodsCustom‐made human salivary gland tissue microarrays included 81 Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 52 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 76 normal salivary gland, and 14 pleomorphic adenoma samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor, oncogenic phosphorylated Erk1/2, the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecule transforming growth factor β1, and cluster of differentiation 8 was performed with salivary gland tissue microarray of human samples.ResultsAccording to a digital pathological system, we analyzed the correlation of immunostaining. The expression levels of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor were significantly enhanced in the adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, compared with those of pleomorphic adenoma and NSG samples. However, the expression levels of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor were independent of the pathological grade of malignancy of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and histological pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma. They were closely related to phosphorylated Erk1/2 and transforming growth factor β1, but negligibly related to cluster of differentiation 8.ConclusionsThese results described that certain immune checkpoint molecules, namely, human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor were overexpressed in Adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, but were independent of pathological grade, and may relate to transforming growth factor β1, phosphorylated Erk1/2, and cluster of differentiation 8.
Air and atmosphere studies: Enlightenment, phenomenology and ecocriticism
Authors: Boyson Rowan Rose 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis essay examines the treatment of air and atmosphere in literary scholarship of the late 17th‐ to mid‐19th‐century periods, from the first, early Enlightenment discovery of the air's chemical structure and the coining of the word ‘atmosphere’, to the dawning of Victorian industrial pollution. As climate has become the predominant focus of environmental campaigning, and as air pollution and air infection have become near‐universal concerns, the air itself has gained a corresponding increase in academic attention. Part I of my essay begins by sketching out the longer history of this interest, showing that air and atmosphere are complex words that have longstanding philosophical and literary histories alongside their everyday ‘real’ meanings. I explore the place of air studies in the History of Science, and look at how this discipline and English studies have enjoyed a close proximity with regards to the major chemical discoveries of the Enlightenment period. Part II defines the field of ‘atmosphere studies’ as it has emerged from 20th‐century philosophy, and its importance to contemporary geography, anthropology and architecture. The complexity of the idea of ‘atmosphere’ is, however, rooted in early 19th‐century aesthetics, and hence, I argue, literary scholarship of this period makes a crucial contribution to this broader atmospheric enquiry. Part III explores how literary critics and historians have begun to respond to contemporary discourse on air as primarily an issue of climate change and pollution, and suggests that there is a new eco‐realism or literalness in discussion of atmosphere, borne out by increasing reflection on the carbon impact of academic work itself. I sketch out some suggestions for future research and emphasize again the importance of the 18th‐ and 19th‐century legacies for understanding and even acting upon the contemporary air and climate crisis.
BEING CALLED TO ACTION: Contemporary Museum Ethnographies
Authors: Thorner Sabra G. 
Published: February 2022

abstractThere has been wonderful work animating vectors of relatedness, negotiation, and collaboration between museums and “source communities”; foregrounding the significance of objects, what they can/might do, and how they act in and through museums; and highlighting the particularity of the photographic archive (and especially photographs as things in need of specific kinds of attention and care) in contemporary cultural reclamation and (re)vitalization projects. In this special issue ofMuseum Anthropologyentitled “Materiality, Belonging, and the Activation of Difference,” we seek to bring these three fields into conversation. We seek to extend recent work arguing for an expanded view of museums as sites of translation (between local needs and global agendas) and frames for more inclusive, dynamic, collaborative, politically informed action. As a set, these articles argue that museum anthropology as a discipline must allow for ethnographic exploration of, coexistence with, and engagement across these emphases: the centrality of objects and how they are mobilized in various forms of knowledge production; debate over what a museum is and what its social role(s) might be (can a home be a museum? Can a city? What happens to our notion of “museum” when we expand beyond architectural objectifications of state/national authority?); and the embodied, affective, and sensorial experiences of museums and museum‐like spaces. [museum objects/things, museum places, heritage, tourism, authenticity]
Joint management of marine mammals and a fish species: The case of cod and grey seals in the Nordic‐Baltic Sea countries
Authors: Blomquist Johan , Jensen Frank , Waldo Staffan , Flaaten Ola , Holma Maija K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a simple theoretical, steady‐state equilibrium, predator‐prey model for the joint management of marine mammals and a fish species. As an empirical case, we choose cod and grey seals in the Nordic‐Baltic Sea countries, and several benefits and costs related to the latter are considered. We show that the optimal grey seal population is much lower than the actual population, and this result is robust to variations in relevant parameter values. This result can be explained by the fact that the profit from harvesting cod is much higher than the net benefits from grey seals.
Reappraisal of liver transplantation for erythropoietic protoporphyria: A deadly combination of disease recurrence and biliary complication
Authors: Endo Yutaka , Hibi Taizo , Shinoda Masahiro , Obara Hideaki , Kitago Minoru , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Matsubara Kentaro , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Makiuchi Satomi , Nakano Yutaka , Itano Osamu , Kuroda Tatsuo , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundErythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder that causes the accumulation of protoporphyrin in the erythrocytes, skin, and liver. Severe protoporphyric hepatopathy results in liver failure, requiring both liver and bone marrow transplantation as a life‐saving procedure and to correct the underlying enzymatic defect, respectively.Case presentationWe report a 20‐year‐old man who underwent split liver transplantation using a right trisegment and caudate lobe graft for EPP‐induced liver failure, but succumbed to a deadly combination of early relapse of EPP and subsequent, intractable, late‐onset bile leakage from the cut surface of segment 4. EPP recurrence most likely created a high‐risk situation for bile leakage from the non‐communicating bile ducts of segment 4; therefore, this case shed light on the potential relationship between EPP recurrence and biliary complications.ConclusionPhysicians should recognize the potentially rapid and life‐threatening progression of protoporphyric hepatopathy that leads to liver failure. For young patients with EPP, LT and sequential BMT should thoroughly be considered by a multidisciplinary team as soon as hepatic reserve deterioration becomes evident. Split liver transplantation should preferably be avoided and appropriate post‐transplant management is critical before protoporphyrin depositions to the bile duct and hepatocyte causes irreversible damage to the liver graft.
How heaven and humanity are united as one: Tong as an alternative to tianren heyi
Authors: He Fan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe relation between heaven and humanity is a central topic in Chinese philosophy. It is often examined through tianren heyi, a term considered the most significant to Chinese culture. In this article, I argue that tianren heyi is inappropriate and even misleading in our discussion of the relation between heaven and humanity. I investigate its absence from pre‐Qin texts, the ambiguity of its meaning, and the exaggeration of its significance in Chinese philosophy. Hence, I advance tong as an alternative. My argument consists of two parts. First, I demonstrate that, in contrast to tianren heyi, tong is widely used as an important term by various early philosophical streams. Second, I focus on Mohist shangtong, Confucian datong, and Taoist xuantong, presenting how different philosophical streams take tong as a central term to develop distinct theories of the ideal relation between heaven and humanity. Instead of tianren heyi, tong can provide a solid step to a full understanding of how heaven and humanity are united.
Seed size dimorphism in Hyptis suaveolens aids in differentiation of the germination niche
Authors: Rathee S. , Sharma P. , Ahmad M. , Batish D. R. , Singh H. P. , Kaur S. , Yadav S. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Seed germination characteristics help predict the degree of invasive success of a species based on capacity of the seeds to germinate and recruit into novel habitats. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Bush mint, Pignut; Lamiaceae) is an invasive plant that is spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. We conducted a study to understand the role of seed size dimorphism in differentiation of germination niche in H. suaveolens.

We subjected small and large seeds to varying environmental conditions of temperature (°C), photoperiod (light/dark), salt (NaCl; mM), pH, osmotic potential (MPa), different soil types and ratios (clay:sand) and burial depth (cm). Different germination indices were calculated and their interaction with seed dimorphism studied.

There was a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between germination indices and seed dimorphism throughout the treatments. Large seeds had higher germination percentage and rate, indicating higher germination capacity. In addition, these displayed more asynchronous germination under various environments. Small seeds, on the other hand, required a longer germination time as compared to large seeds, indicating slower germination.

Differential responses of the two seed morphs to varying environmental conditions, therefore, help H. suaveolens to differentiate its germination niche and establish in heterogeneous environments. These findings will help in devising appropriate management and eradication strategies based on germination ecology of seeds.
The utilisation of European processed animal proteins as safe, sustainable and circular ingredients for global aquafeeds
Authors: Woodgate Stephen L. , Wan Alex H. L. , Hartnett Finnian , Wilkinson Robert G. , Davies Simon J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global increase in seafood demand has resulted in significant growth in aquaculture production in a wide range of aquatic species. Consequently, this has led to an industry‐wide need to find sustainable feed ingredients that would meet the nutritional requirements used in aquafeeds. The associated dependency on plant by‐products as the major alternatives has brought concerns to aquaculture through associated carbon footprint, increase deforestation and arable land use to meet the demands of plant proteins and oils, and the constraining effects of plant by‐products has on farmed aquatic animal growth and health. Animal by‐products (ABPs) are produced as a direct consequence of terrestrial animal production and the associated meat processing industries. The link between feeding meat and bone meal (MBM) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak in Europe during the 1980s resulted in a ban of its use animal feeds. This led to a radical overhaul of the rendering industry, including the use of only low‐risk ABP and the development of rendering processes to reduce the risk of prions that causes BSE to enter the food chain. The resulting processed animal proteins (PAPs) are considered safe to be used in farmed animal feeds. This review examines how ABP production has changed due to the BSE outbreak, leading to the current commercially available PAP products for aquafeed use. We evaluated how these products can be effectively used as viable protein sources in aquaculture and examine their limitations and the potential advancements that could lead to a more circular food production system.
Direct and indirect costs of systemic sclerosis and associated interstitial lung disease: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Knarborg Malene , Løkke Anders , Hilberg Ole , Ibsen Rikke , Sikjær Melina Gade 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect costs of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in cases with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD).MethodsCases diagnosed with SSc (2002–2015) were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. Cases were matched 1:4 with non‐SSc controls from the general population. Data on costs were obtained from national databases. Excess cost was estimated as the annual cost per case subtracting the costs of the control.ResultsWe identified 1869 cases and 7463 controls. Total excess cost (direct healthcare, elderly care and indirect costs) in the SSc‐ILD cohort was €29,725, and €17,905 in the non‐ILD SSc cohort. In‐ and out‐patient contacts and forgone earnings were the key drivers of costs in both cohorts. Healthcare costs were higher before and after the diagnosis compared with the controls. Men incurred higher excess healthcare costs than women. Hospitalization and outpatient services were the key drivers of the gender‐associated differences. Income from employment decreased more rapidly after diagnosis in the SSc‐ILD cohort than in the non‐ILD SSc cohort. Public transfer income increased after diagnosis, with the most pronounced difference in the SSc‐ILD cohort. Disability pension was the key driver of public transfer income.ConclusionSSc is associated with a significant individual and societal burden that is evident several years before and after the diagnosis. Total excess costs are higher in SSc‐ILD than in the non‐ILD SSc underlining the severity of pulmonary involvement. Initiatives to maintain work ability and to reduce hospital admissions may reduce the economic burden of SSc.
Environmental regulation and foreign direct investment attractiveness: Evidence from China provinces
Authors: Wang Qian , Du Zhuoya , Wang Boyu , Chiu Yung‐ho , Chang Tzu‐Han 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChina strengthened environmental regulation to inhibit the formation of new pollution havens and to change its growth mode. This study explores the efficiency for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) with the inclusion of environmental regulation in 31 Chinese provinces over the period 2015–2017, using a dynamic direction distance function‐data envelopment analysis (DDF‐DEA) model. The empirical results show that the mean overall efficiencies and ranks in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the non‐eastern regions with or without environmental regulation, but the environmental regulation has a greater impact on the efficiency of attracting FDI in the economically developed areas. The average efficiencies for both the number of foreign companies and FDI amount in the eastern regions are higher than those in the non‐eastern regions. The industrial pollution control expenditure efficiency with the inclusion of environmental regulation of each province keeps in efficiency frontier. Relative to the efficiency of input variables, the output efficiencies in the non‐eastern regions have more scope to improve.