bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational study of Typhoon Khanun (2017) during intensification over the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Fu , Hon Kai‐kwong , Zhang Han , Ming Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn observational study on the characteristics of Typhoon Khanun (2017) was conducted using lightning observations, global positioning system dropsonde observations, satellite‐derived precipitation, infrared‐derived brightness temperature and reanalysis data during its intensification stage. The characteristics of the tropical cyclone (TC) eye or eyewall have been captured for Typhoon Khanun over the South China Sea for the first time using dropsonde observations in recent years. The relationship between lightning evolution and the intensification of TCs was examined, and it was found that the lightning strokes within a 500‐km radius decreased as the typhoon intensified, while the lightning within 100 km (inner‐core) was inactive until 11 h prior to the peak intensity of Khanun. The burst of inner‐core lightning overlapped with the final intensification period of Khanun, indicating that the end of the inner‐core lightning burst may be an indicator of the termination of the intensification stage of TCs. Furthermore, a cyclonic rotation of inner‐core lightning was possibly related to the intensification of TCs influenced by the diabatic heating inside the radius of maximum wind. The dropsonde observations revealed that high water content within the mixed‐phase layer favoured the lightning activity and the convection system. Overall, this study promotes an in‐depth understanding of the linkage between lightning and the intensification of TCs along with the convection system.
Lymphatic refill in ultrasound and lymphatic washout after lymphaticovenous anastomosis
Authors: Hara Hisako , Mihara Makoto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) drains lymph accumulated in the lymphatic vessels into the veins (lymphatic washout). A method to identify the ideal lymphatic vessels to achieve washout has not been established. This study examined the relationship between lymphatic washout, lymphatic ultrasonographic findings, and surgical outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive patients who underwent LVA for lower limb lymphedema between September 2020 and March 2021. Patients who lacked data were excluded. Preoperative ultrasonography was performed to measure the lymphatic diameter. After the probe was pressed against the skin and released, the reaction of the lymphatic vessels was classified as either refilled, crushed, undecidable, or solid. Intraoperatively, whether lymphatic washout was observed or not, was recorded and compared to preoperative findings using the chi‐square test. In 54 limbs from 32 patients, the total number of LVA, number of anastomoses with washout, number of refills detected by ultrasound, and severity of lymphedema were compared with the surgical result (postoperative limb volume change) by multiple regression analysis (49 limbs whose pre‐or postoperative circumference data were lacking or who underwent intensive compression therapy postoperatively were excluded).ResultsSixty‐five patients were reviewed. After excluding six patients with missing data, 59 patients (103 limbs) were included. The median patient age was 63 years (interquartile range, 51–76 years). We performed LVA at 217 sites (mean, 2.1 anastomoses per limb). “Refilled” lymphatics were observed at 156 sites (71.6%) and significantly thicker than those classified as “undecidable” (p = .020 in the lower leg and p < .001 in the thigh). In the thigh, “refilled” lymphatics had a higher rate of a washout than those classified as “undecidable.” In Pearson's correlation coefficient for the surgical result, as the number of washout positive LVA increased, the limb volume tended to decrease postoperatively (correlation coefficient: −0.25). However, multiple regression analysis did not identify any factors that significantly affected the surgical outcomes.Conclusion“Refilled” lymphatic vessels had a higher rate of intraoperative lymphatic washout after anastomosis.
Clinical subtyping using community detection: Limited utility?
Authors: Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Bathelt Joe , Geurts Hilde M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo discover psychiatric subtypes, researchers are adopting a method called community detection. This method was not subjected to the same scrutiny in the psychiatric literature as traditional clustering methods. Furthermore, many community detection algorithms have been developed without psychiatric sample sizes and variable numbers in mind. We aim to provide clarity to researchers on the utility of this method.MethodsWe provide an introduction to community detection algorithms, specifically describing the crucial differences between correlation‐based and distance‐based community detection. We compare community detection results to results of traditional methods in a simulation study representing typical psychiatry settings, using three conceptualizations of how subtypes might differ.ResultsWe discovered that the number of recovered subgroups was often incorrect with several community detection algorithms. Correlation‐based community detection fared better than distance‐based community detection, and performed relatively well with smaller sample sizes. Latent profile analysis was more consistent in recovering subtypes. Whether methods were successful depended on how differences were introduced.ConclusionsTraditional methods like latent profile analysis remain reasonable choices. Furthermore, results depend on assumptions and theoretical choices underlying subtyping analyses, which researchers need to consider before drawing conclusions on subtypes. Employing multiple subtyping methods to establish method dependency is recommended.
Image downsampling expedited adaptive least‐squares (IDEAL) fitting improves intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis in the human kidney
Authors: Stabinska Julia , Zöllner Helge J. , Thiel Thomas A. , Wittsack Hans‐Jörg , Ljimani Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo improve the reliability of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model parameter estimation for the DWI in the kidney using a novel image downsampling expedited adaptive least‐squares (IDEAL) approach.MethodsThe robustness of IDEAL was investigated using simulated DW‐MRI data corrupted with different levels of Rician noise. Subsequently, the performance of the proposed method was tested by fitting bi‐ and triexponential IVIM model to in vivo renal DWI data acquired on a clinical 3 Tesla MRI scanner and compared to conventional approaches (fixed D* and segmented fitting).ResultsThe numerical simulations demonstrated that the IDEAL algorithm provides robust estimates of the IVIM parameters in the presence of noise (SNR of 20) as indicated by relatively low absolute percentage bias (maximal sMdPB <20%) and normalized RMSE (maximal RMSE <28%). The analysis of the in vivo data showed that the IDEAL‐based IVIM parameter maps were less noisy and more visually appealing than those obtained using the fixed D* and segmented methods. Further, coefficients of variation for nearly all IVIM parameters were significantly reduced in cortex and medulla for IDEAL‐based biexponential (coefficients of variation: 4%–50%) and triexponential (coefficients of variation: 7.5%–75%) IVIM modelling compared to the segmented (coefficients of variation: 4%–120%) and fixed D* (coefficients of variation: 17%–174%) methods, reflecting greater accuracy of this method.ConclusionThe proposed fitting algorithm yields more robust IVIM parameter estimates and is less susceptible to poor SNR than the conventional fitting approaches. Thus, the IDEAL approach has the potential to improve the reliability of renal DW‐MRI analysis for clinical applications.
A novel linearized and momentum‐preserving Fourier pseudo‐spectral scheme for the Rosenau‐Korteweg de Vries equation
Authors: Jiang Chaolong , Cui Jin , Cai Wenjun , Wang Yushun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we design a novel linearized and momentum‐preserving Fourier pseudo‐spectral scheme to solve the Rosenau‐Korteweg de Vries equation. With the aid of a new semi‐norm equivalence between the Fourier pseudo‐spectral method and the finite difference method, a prior bound of the numerical solution in discrete ‐norm is obtained from the discrete momentum conservation law. Subsequently, based on the energy method and the bound of the numerical solution, we show that, without any restriction on the mesh ratio, the scheme is convergent with order in discrete ‐norm, where is the number of collocation points used in the spectral method and is the time step. Numerical results are addressed to confirm our theoretical analysis.
Rutaecarpin reduces lipids by DGKθ‐dependent activation of PPARα
Authors: Wu Di , Wang Jiheng , Chang Yongxing , Zhang Shiyu , Liang Jinfeng , Zhao Junli , Yang Peiyan , Mao Qinwen , Xia Haibin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveLipid metabolic disorders pose a serious threat to human health, and currently no good treatments exist. In earlier studies by the authors, HepG2 cells with diacylglycerol kinase theta (DGKθ) knockout were found to cause significant lipid accumulation, suggesting that DGKθ may be a potential target for treating lipid metabolic disorders.MethodsA high‐throughput screening of natural products targeting the potential signaling pathway of lipid metabolism was carried out in the DGKθ‐T2A‐luciferase knock‐in HepG2 cell. RNA‐sequencing and bioinformatic approaches were used to analyze the potential pathway by which rutaecarpin decreases lipids. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to investigate the mechanisms of rutaecarpin's reduction in lipid levels.ResultsRutaecarpin was found to significantly enhance DGKθ expression, and the potential mechanisms by which rutaecarpin accelerates lipid metabolism by targeting DGKθ was explored in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that rutaecarpin could markedly reduce lipid accumulation in oleic acid‐induced HepG2 cells and in high‐fat diet‐induced obese C57BL/6J mice by targeting the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1‐beta (HNF1B)‐DGKθ‐peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα)‐apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) pathway.ConclusionRutaecarpin is effective in reducing lipid accumulation, and the development of a high‐throughput screening platform based on a reporter knock‐in cell line may facilitate the discovery of effective drugs for lipid metabolic disorders based on the DGKθ target.
Eco‐friendly bio‐based composites of cassava starch and natural rubber compatibilized with nanoclays
Authors: Ruamcharoen Jareerat , Munlee Ruszana , Ruamcharoen Polphat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiocomposite films from cassava starch (CS) blended with natural rubber (NR) compatibilized with nanoclay were prepared. Three types of nanoclays, that is, montmorillonite (MMT), kaolinite (KAO) and intercalated kaolinite (DKAO) were used with various content of 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%, respectively. The mechanical property, water vapor transmission and water solubility of CS/NR composite films were investigated and the interaction of constituents in the CS/NR composites was also characterized by using x‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results revealed that the addition of clays considerably improved both the tensile property and water resistance over the pristine starch and CS/NR film. Biocomposite film with 4 wt% of MMT exhibited minimum water vapor transmission and solubility in water content. The tensile strength of CS/NR composites significantly increased while the elongation at break of composites tended to decrease with the increasing nanoclay content. Both mechanical and physical properties were attributed to strong interaction by forming the intercalated structure of MMT and exfoliated structure of DKAO within biocomposites while less interaction was obtained in the case of KAO. The compatibilizing effect of nanoclay in CS/NR composites was also indicated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of NR or CS‐glycerol phase shifted to higher Tg than that of CS/NR film.
Influence of the electrochemical treatment level of carbon fibers on the compression after impact property of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Chen Jun , Li Guanlong , Liu Zhaobo , Zhong Xiangyu , Zhao Yan , Bao Jianwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, carbon fibers (CF) with different electrochemical treatment levels were obtained by changing the parameters of electrochemical treatment, and the effect of electrochemical treatment levels on the surface properties of CF was studied by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF with different electrochemical treatment levels were characterized by single fiber‐composite fragmentation. The effects of electrochemical treatment on the mechanical properties of CF were investigated by monofilament tensile test and composite laminate 0° tensile test. Finally, the carbon fibers were compounded with epoxy resin to prepare composite laminates, whose effect on the macroscopic mechanical properties of the composite, such as short beam shear strength (SBSS) and compression after impact (CAI) strength, was studied. As a result, with the increase of the level of electrochemical treatment, the surface roughness and chemical activity of CF increased first and then decreased, while the surface energy shows a gradually increasing trend. The IFSS of CF‐BX shows a gradually increasing trend, while that of the CF‐SX shows a trend of increasing first and then remaining basically unchanged, while SBSS shows the same trend. The monofilament tensile test and composite laminate 0° tensile test showed that the electrochemical treatment did not have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of CF. The compression after impact test showed that with the enhancement of the electrochemical treatment, the CAI of the composite laminates increased first and then remained roughly unchanged.
Registration of LCS ‘Valiant’ hard red winter wheat
Authors: Baenziger P. S. , Masterson S. D. , Boehm J. D. , Belamkar V. , Barnett M. D. , Rose D. J. , Xu L. , Wegulo S. N. , Regassa T. , Easterly A. C. , Creech C. F. , Santra D. K. , Kruger G. R. , Hergert G. W. , Klein R. N. , Jin Y. , Kolmer J. , Chen M.‐S. , Hein G. L. , Bowden R. L. , Guttieri M. J. , Bai G. , Salah I. El‐Basyoni , Poland J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHistorically cultivars developed jointly by the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln and USDA‐ARS wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improvement project tend to be late and better adapted to the northern Great Plains. LCS ‘Valiant’ (Reg. no. CV‐1196, PI 693223; tested as NE10478‐1) was released based on the merits of its earliness, agronomic performance, relevant disease resistances, and end‐use quality characteristics and its adaptation to the central Great Plains. As such, the line was licensed to Limagrain Cereal Seeds for their ability to market outside of Nebraska. LCS Valiant hard red winter wheat was released in March 2020 by the developing institutions and the licensee. NE10478‐1 was a selection in 2011 for uniformity and grain yield from NE10478, which was derived from the cross NI03418/‘Camelot’. The pedigree of NI03418 is W91‐248/NE95544 (=McVey 78015/NE88521)//‘Thunderbird’. The final cross of NE10478 was made in 2004. The F1 generation was grown in Yuma, AZ, in 2005, and the F2 to F3 generations were advanced as bulks at Mead, NE, in 2006–2007 or sent for Hessian fly resistance screening by the USDA. In 2007, single F3‐derived F4 rows were planted for selection. There was no further selection in NE10478 other than to remove off‐types thereafter until 2011 when heads were selected to increase uniformity. LCS Valiant was evaluated in replicated trials thereafter. It has excellent winter survival, acceptable reactions to many of the common diseases in its target area, and good end‐use quality for bread making.
Solvent effects on direct and indirect tautomerism of pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one/pyrimidin‐2‐ol
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Javad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA theoretical study at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level on tautomeric conversion of pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one (PYH) to pyrimidin‐2‐ol (PY) was performed. Two mechanisms have been considered for this processes: (i) one in which the hydrogen is directly transferred, mechanisms A, through TS12 and (ii) another one in which a double hydrogen transfer takes place via TS1122, by formation of the corresponding dimer, mechanisms B. The results associated with the gas phase reveal that overcame to TS12 needs high activation free energies of 34.47 kcal/mol, as a consequence of the strain associated with the formation of the four‐membered transition state, while overcame to TS1122 requires much lower activation free energies, 4.97 kcal/mol. The effect of solvent on the studied tautomerization in implicit, explicit, and a combination of both implicit and explicit solvation models in various media (protic and aprotic polar solvents) has been considered. The results show that the use of a protic polar solvent reduces the energy barrier of the corresponding transition states in a very significant amount.
Black Hole in Quantum Wave Dark Matter
Authors: Pantig Reggie C. , Övgün Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we explored the effect of the fuzzy dark matter (FDM) (or wave dark matter) halo on a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Such a dark matter introduces a soliton core density profile, and we treat it ideally as a spherical distribution that surrounds the SMBH located at its center. In this direction, we obtained a new metric due to the union of the black hole and dark matter spacetime geometries. We applied the solution to the two known SMBH ‐ Sgr. A* and M87* and used the empirical data for the shadow diameter by EHT to constrain the soliton core radius given some values of the boson mass . Then, we examine the behavior of the shadow radius based on such constraints and relative to a static observer. We found that different shadow sizes are perceived at regions and , and the deviation is greater for values eV. Concerning the shadow behavior, we have also analyzed the effect of the soliton profile on the thin‐accretion disk. Soliton dark matter effects manifest through the varying luminosity near the event horizon. We also analyzed the weak deflection angle and the produced Einstein rings due to soliton effects. We found considerable deviation, better than the shadow size deviation, for the light source near the SMBH with impact parameters comparable to the soliton core. Our results suggest the possible experimental detection of soliton dark matter effects using an SMBH at the galactic centers.
Dissipation kinetics of some pesticides applied singly or in mixtures in/on grape leaf
Authors: Balkan Tarık , Kara Kenan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape and leaf quality are often severely reduced by fungi such as grey rot Botrytis cinerea Pers., powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schwein, and downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni and by insects such as Otiorhynchus spp., European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana Den.‐Schiff., vine mealybug Planococcus citri Risso, and grape erineum mite Colomerus vitis Pgst. Various pesticides are often applied to mitigate these pest problems. These chemicals used singly as well as in the form of a mixture can leave residues on or in the crop. It is therefore of great importance to study the dissipation of the pesticides applied alone and in mixtures to this crop to protect consumers.RESULTSThe dissipation kinetics of cypermethrin, boscalid, deltamethrin, kresoxim‐methyl, lambda‐cyhalothrin, metalaxyl‐M, metrafenone, and triadimenol residues were studied in vine leaves grown under sunny conditions in Turkey. The dissipation rate for singly applied pesticides followed first‐order kinetics, with half‐lifes in grape leaves in the range of 1.85–7.22 days. Changes in the degradation process of pesticide residues were determined after application, as both single applications and mixtures. The degradation of boscalid, cymoxanil, deltamethrin and metalaxyl‐M accelerated while the degradation of cypermethrin, kresoxim‐methyl, and lambda‐cyhalothrin slowed down in mixtures of pesticides.CONCLUSIONThe use of pesticides in mixtures leads to slower degradation and higher residues for some active ingredients and faster degradation and fewer residues for other active ingredients. Therefore, pesticide mixtures should not be applied in the field without having detailed information about their ingredients. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent advances in self‐healing materials for food packaging
Authors: Huang Kehao , Wang Yixiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFood packaging materials are often inevitably and imperceptibly damaged during the transportation, handling, and storage, and the disruption of their integrity poses a challenge to food preservation. Food packaging materials with self‐healing capability can automatically repair the damaged areas and reconstruct original properties to avoid degradation of food quality and loss of nutrients. Various self‐healing materials based on dynamic covalent bonds and/or dynamic non‐covalent interactions have been developed and applied in food packaging in the forms of films and coatings at laboratory scale, and more efforts are required for the commercialization of these novel smart packaging materials. This is the first review to summarize the recent progress in the preparation of self‐healing packaging materials through different mechanisms, compare the self‐healing efficiency under different conditions, and highlight the potential applications of self‐healing films and coatings with recoverable mechanical and barrier properties and other functionalities (e.g., antimicrobial and anti‐fogging capacities). Finally, the future opportunities and challenges of applying self‐healing materials in food packaging are described.
The impacts of land use change on biodiversity and ecosystem services: An empirical investigation from highly fragile countries
Authors: Shah Muhammad Ibrahim , Abbas Shujaat , Olohunlana Aminat Olayinka , Sinha Avik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobally, biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) are rapidly declining due to continuous human intervention. The most important factor behind this rapid decline in BES has been attributed to the different land use changes such as agricultural expansion, urbanization, and deforestation practices. Therefore, the present study intends to understand the impacts of land use changes along with the effects of egalitarian democracy, human capital and globalization on BES taking a sample of 20 countries where ecosystem services and biodiversity are most fragile during 1990–2019 period. The study employs robust econometric models that can tackle the problem of cross‐sectional dependence within the data. The finding demonstrates that agricultural expansion and urbanization both negatively and significantly affect the BES whereas forest area is positively associated with BES. The impacts of egalitarian democracy, human capital development as well as that of globalization are found to be decreasing the BES loss. Finally, some policy recommendations are provided to offset the loss of BES which can serve as the benchmark for developing policy interventions across the countries.