bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame propagation behavior of propane–air premixed combustion in a confined space with two perforated plates at different initial pressures
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Zhang Junhong , Wang Jun , Wang Dan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze local autoignition induced by secondary flame acceleration. The secondary flame acceleration process and the local autoignition formation mechanism at the condition of the secondary flame acceleration propagation were investigated by utilizing an improved designed constant volume combustion bomb (CVCB) with two perforated plates. Primary flame and secondary flame propagation were recorded via high‐speed schlieren photography. The results showed that there were three distinct stages in the process of flame propagation through two perforated plates, which were the primary jet flame stage, secondary jet flame stage, and flame‐shock interaction stage. The morphologies of the flame were analyzed by high‐speed Schlieren images, flame velocities, and pressure oscillation including primary jet propagation, secondary flame formation and acceleration, and location autoignition. Results show the effect of initial pressure on flame propagation, flame velocity, and pressure oscillation. Acceleration of secondary flame and local autoignition phenomenon was more precisely demonstrated as unburnt gases were compressed by flame waves (different velocities) with initial pressure increasing. Based on the morphology of flame, three different types of flame combustion modes were captured at different initial pressure involving turbulent flame, deflagration, and quasi‐detonation. The present work might provide a new insight for combustion science in a confined space, such as autoignition due to compression effect of secondary jet flame and primary flame interaction. It also provides the theory guidance and research direction towards further studies on propane storage vessel deflagration.
On the demand for telemedicine: Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Busso Matias , Gonzalez Maria P. , Scartascini Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTelemedicine can expand access to health care at relatively low cost. Historically, however, demand for telemedicine has remained low. Using administrative records and a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we estimate the change in demand for telemedicine experienced after the onset of the COVID‐19 epidemic and the imposition of mobility restrictions. We find that the number of telemedicine calls made during the pandemic increased by 230 percent compared to the pre‐pandemic period. The effects were mostly driven by older individuals with preexisting conditions who used the service for internal medicine consultations. The demand for telemedicine remained relatively high even after mobility restrictions were relaxed, which is consistent with telemedicine being an “experience good.” These results are a proof of concept for policy makers to use such relatively low‐cost medical consultations, made possible by new technologies, to provide needed expansion of access to health care.
Impact of viscous dissipation and Dufour on MHD natural convective flow past an accelerated vertical plate with Hall current
Authors: Rath Chinmoy , Nayak Anita , Panda Satyananda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present research work concentrates on viscous dissipation, Dufour, and heat source on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamics natural convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate in the existence of a strong magnetic field. The presence of the Hall current induces a secondary flow in the problem. The distinguishing features of viscous dissipation and heat flux produced due to gradient of concentration included in the model along with heat source as they are known to arise in thermal‐magnetic polymeric processing. The flow equations are discretized implicitly using the finite difference method and solved using MATLAB fsolve routine. Numerical values of the primary and secondary velocities, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are illustrated and presented via graphs and tables for various pertinent parametric values. The Dufour effect was observed to strengthen the velocity and temperature profile in the flow domain. In contrast, due to the impact of viscous dissipation, the local Nusselt number reduces. The study also reveals that the inclusion of the chemical reaction term augments the mass transfer rate and diminishes the heat transfer rate at the plate.
Spatial pattern‐based performance evaluation and uncertainty analysis of a distributed hydrological model
Authors: Gaur Srishti , Singh Bhupendra , Bandyopadhyay Arnab , Stisen Simon , Singh Rajendra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvancement in data acquisition techniques (e.g., satellites) has provided enormous opportunities to improve the predictions of distributed hydrological models by incorporating new types of information. Moreover, such advancements have paved the way for the spatial scale evaluation rather than the conventional temporal evaluation of models for more accurate water management by considering the spatial variability. The present study focuses on the spatial pattern‐oriented model evaluation by intercomparing the satellite remote sensing data‐driven patterns of actual evapotranspiration (AET) and soil moisture with simulated patterns from a hydrological model for the 19 276 km2 Subarnarekha basin in Eastern India. Pattern comparison is carried out by incorporating three spatial performance metrics as diagnostic tools, that is, joint empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), fractional skill score (FSS), and spatial efficiency (SPAEF). Moreover, the present study made a novel contribution to spatial pattern evaluation by incorporating the uncertainty associated with the patterns through the “Quantile Regression’ technique”. The EOF analysis indicated a significant similarity between simulated and observed patterns. High scores for both the FSS and SPAEF metrics also revealed similarities between simulated and observed spatial patterns. Overall, the results show an acceptable spatial pattern performance of the hydrological model mimicking the observed spatial patterns across time. The uncertainty analysis represents reasonable predictive ranges, with a 95 per cent prediction uncertainty (PPU) band enclosing 80%–95% of AET and 79%–92% of the soil moisture observations. The present study demonstrated a framework for improving the basin's overall water balance analysis by incorporating a spatial pattern‐based evaluation of hydrological models.
Protein phosphorylation: A potential target in glioma development
Authors: Pi Yu , Fang Chang‐Le , Su Zhang‐Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlioma is one of the most common primary brain tumors, and mortality due to this disease is second only to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In traditional surgery, it is difficult to eradicate glioma; often recurrence increases its malignant degree, leading to a large number of patients killed by this disease. It is one of the most important subjects to study its pathogenesis and explore effective treatment methods. Research on glioma mechanisms mainly focuses on the effect of DNA methylation in epigenetics. Although there are many studies on protein phosphorylation, there is no overall regulatory mechanism. Protein phosphorylation regulates a variety of cell functions, such as cell growth, division and differentiation, and apoptosis. As a consequence, protein phosphorylation plays a leading part in various activities of glioma, and can also be used as a target to regulate the development of glioma. This review is aimed at studying the effect of protein phosphorylation on glioma, understanding the pathological mechanism, and an in‐depth analysis of it. The following is a discussion on glioma growth, migration and invasion, resistance and death in phosphorylation, and the possibility of treating glioma by phosphorylation.
Infant feeding practices and childhood acute leukemia: Findings from the Childhood Cancer & Leukemia International Consortium
Authors: Schraw Jeremy M. , Bailey Helen D. , Bonaventure Audrey , Mora Ana M. , Roman Eve , Mueller Beth A. , Clavel Jacqueline , Petridou Eleni T. , Karalexi Maria , Ntzani Evangelia , Ezzat Sameera , Rashed Wafaa M. , Marcotte Erin L. , Spector Logan G. , Metayer Catherine , Kang Alice Y. , Magnani Corrado , Miligi Lucia , Dockerty John D. , Mejίa‐Aranguré Juan Manuel , Nuñez‐Enriquez Juan Carlos , Infante‐Rivard Claire , Milne Elizabeth , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that breastfeeding may protect from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, most studies have limited their analyses to any breastfeeding, and only a few data have examined exclusive breastfeeding, or other exposures such as formula milk. We performed pooled analyses and individual participant data metaanalyses of data from 16 studies (N = 17 189 controls; N = 10 782 ALL and N = 1690 AML cases) from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC) to characterize the associations of breastfeeding duration with ALL and AML, as well as exclusive breastfeeding duration and age at introduction to formula with ALL. In unconditional multivariable logistic regression analyses of pooled data, we observed decreased odds of ALL among children breastfed 4 to 6 months (0.88, 95% CI 0.81‐0.96) or 7 to 12 months (OR 0.85, 0.79‐0.92). We observed a similar inverse association between breastfeeding ≥4 months and AML (0.82, 95% CI 0.71‐0.95). Odds of ALL were reduced among children exclusively breastfed 4 to 6 months (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63‐0.85) or 7 to 12 months (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53‐0.92). Random effects metaanalyses produced similar estimates, and findings were unchanged in sensitivity analyses adjusted for race/ethnicity or mode of delivery, restricted to children diagnosed ≥1 year of age or diagnosed with B‐ALL. Our pooled analyses indicate that longer breastfeeding is associated with decreased odds of ALL and AML. Few risk factors for ALL and AML have been described, therefore our findings highlight the need to promote breastfeeding for leukemia prevention.
Microorganisms as bio‐filters to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from high‐altitude permafrost revealed by nanopore‐based metagenomics
Authors: Dang Chenyuan , Wu Ziqi , Zhang Miao , Li Xiang , Sun Yuqin , Wu Ren'an , Zheng Yan , Xia Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe distinct climatic and geographical conditions make high‐altitude permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau suffer more severe degradation than polar permafrost. However, the microbial responses associated with greenhouse gas production in thawing permafrost remain obscured. Here we applied nanopore‐based long‐read metagenomics and high‐throughput RNA‐seq to explore microbial functional activities within the freeze‐thaw cycle in the active layers of permafrost at the Qilian Mountain. A bioinformatic framework was established to facilitate phylogenetic and functional annotation of the unassembled nanopore metagenome. By deploying this strategy, 42% more genera could be detected and 58% more genes were annotated to nitrogen and methane cycle. With the aid of such enlarged resolution, we observed vigorous aerobic methane oxidation by Methylomonas, which could serve as a bio‐filter to mitigate CH4 emissions from permafrost. Such filtering effect could be further consolidated by both on‐site gas phase measurement and incubation experiment that CO2 was the major form of carbon released from permafrost. Despite the increased transcriptional activities of aceticlastic methanogenesis pathways in the thawed permafrost active layer, CH4 generated during the thawing process could be effectively consumed by the microbiome. Additionally, the nitrogen metabolism in permafrost tends to be a closed cycle and active N2O consumption by the topsoil community was detected in the near‐surface gas phase. Our findings reveal that although the increased thawed state facilitated the heterotrophic nitrogen and methane metabolism, effective microbial methane oxidation in the active layer could serve as a bio‐filter to relieve the overall warming potentials of greenhouse gas emitted from thawed permafrost.
Disrupted cellular calcium homeostasis is responsible for Aβ‐induced learning and memory damage and lifespan shortening in a model of Aβ transgenic fly
Authors: Cheng Kuan‐Chung , Huang Chih‐Yuan , Hsieh Tsung‐Chi , Chiang Hsueh‐Cheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccumulated Aβ is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Although accumulated results from in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that accumulated Aβ causes learning and memory deficit, cell death, and lifespan reduction, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In neurons, calcium dynamics is regulated by voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) and endoplasmic reticulum and is important for neuron survival and formation of learning and memory. The current study employs in vivo genetics to reveal the role of calcium regulation systems in Aβ‐induced behavioral damage. Our data shows that although increased VGCC improves learning and memory in Aβ42 flies, reduction of VGCC and Inositol trisphosphate receptors extends Aβ42 flies' lifespan and improves cell viability. The complex role of calcium regulation systems in Aβ‐induced damage suggests that the imbalance of calcium dynamic is one of the main factors to trigger learning and memory deficit and cell death in the disease.
Cell division control 42 elevates during infliximab therapy, and its increment relates to treatment response in ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Liu Lin , Liu Qinger , Chang Jian , Dong Xiaoxia , Ma Weiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCell division control 42 (CDC42) regulates multiple processes of inflammation and/or immunity in autoimmune diseases and also relates to the treatment efficacy of biologic regimens clinically. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal change in CDC42 during infliximab (IFX) treatment and its correlation with IFX response in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.MethodsActive UC patients (N = 48) who received IFX were recruited, and their CDC42 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected before treatment (W0) and at 12 weeks after treatment (W12) using RT‐qPCR. Also, CDC42 in PBMCs from UC patients with remission (N = 20) and health controls (HCs) (N = 20) were detected.ResultsCDC42 was reduced in active UC patients compared with UC patients with remission (p = 0.014) and HCs (p < 0.001). Besides, CDC42 was negatively correlated with CRP (p = 0.025), TNF‐α (p = 0.024), IL‐1β (p = 0.045), IL‐17A (p = 0.039), and Mayo score (p = 0.015) in active UC patients, but did not relate to ESR, disease duration, or IL‐6 (all p > 0.05), while CDC42 was only negatively related to CRP in UC patients with remission (p = 0.046). Interestingly, CDC42 was increased at W12 after IFX treatment in active UC patients (p < 0.001). Specifically, CDC42 was elevated during treatment in active UC patients with IFX response (p < 0.001), but did not obviously change in those without IFX response (p = 0.061). Furthermore, CDC42 at W12 was higher in active UC patients with IFX response compared with those without IFX response (p = 0.049).ConclusionCell division control 42 serves as a potential biomarker for monitoring disease progression and IFX response in UC patients.
Dean reported opioid and pain management curriculum in US dental schools
Authors: Sharples Holli M. , Rieck Heidi A. , Hagood Katelyn , Brummett Chad M. , Nalliah Romesh P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeDental students learn to prescribe pain management medications in dental school, including opioids. Given the current state of opioid‐related morbidity and mortality in the US, dental schools should evaluate the context and implementation of opioid prescribing in their dental school clinics (DSCs).MethodsA nationwide survey of deans of clinical operations at all US dental schools was conducted in 2020 related to pain management in their DSC. The Michigan Medicine Institutional Review Board deemed this study unregulated (HUM00151607).ResultsOf the 68 accredited dental schools in the United States, 26 deans of DSCs responded to the survey, yielding a 40% response rate. The survey results showed differences in the levels of education for dental students on opioid prescribing and patient education requirements. A comprehensive curriculum regarding safe opioid prescribing and patient education training was reported by 12 schools. Four dental programs did not have a single guideline or policy in relation to opioids for their dental students.ConclusionThe implementation of opioid prescribing guidelines and the surrounding context are different among DSCs, which could result in knowledge gaps and confusion for novice providers. Although many dental programs provide extensive opioid safety training, there is room for improvement and standardization to further advance patient care.
有機リン中毒による錐体外路症状が遷延した1症例(A case of prolonged extrapyramidal symptoms caused by organophosphate poisoning)
Authors: (Mizuki Muto) 武藤 瑞希 , (Masaki Hisamura) 久村 正樹 , (Motohiro Nakamura) 中村 元洋 , (Kenichiro Sonoda) 園田 健一郎 , (Yoji Ando) 安藤 陽児 , (Kento Okawara) 大河原 健人 , (Kenji Koshimizu) 輿水 健治 
Published: May 2022

要旨症例は48歳の女性。呼びかけに反応しないところを発見された。ドクターヘリが要請され，フライトドクターが接触したときの意識はGCS E2V3M5であり，有機溶剤の臭いがあった。これにより何らかの中毒が疑われ，陸路で当院に救急搬送された。搬送中に嘔吐したため気管挿管され，来院時の意識はGCS E1VTM1であった。瞳孔径は1.5mm/1.5mmと縮瞳し，流涎していた。第2病日にガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析法（GC/MS）で血清からマラチオンが検出され，有機リン中毒と診断した。人工呼吸管理を行い，第8病日に人工呼吸器を離脱した。経過は順調であったが，第7病日から皮膚が律動する不随意運動が出現した。第12病日からは両上下肢の振戦と歯車様筋固縮を呈するようになった。有機リン中毒による錐体外路症状と診断し，自然寛解を期待して経過観察したが，遷延した。患者の苦痛が強く，クロナゼパムを開始したが改善しなかった。第51病日に錐体外路症状の改善なく転院となった。有機リン中毒による錐体外路症状は自然寛解する報告が多いが，その機序は明らかではなく，遷延する場合の鑑別方法も確立されていない。治療にはアマンタジンが奏功することが報告されている。このため有機リンによる錐体外路症状には，急性期からの適切な診断と積極的な治療を考慮する必要があると考えられた。
Microbiota and HPV: The role of viral infection on vaginal microbiota
Authors: Santella Biagio , Schettino Maria T. , Franci Gianluigi , De Franciscis Pasquale , Colacurci Nicola , Schiattarella Antonio , Galdiero Massimiliano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection is between 9% and 13% of the world population and only in the United States, more than 6.2 million are positive every year. There are more than 100 types of HPV, among them, two serotypes (16 and 18) are related to 70% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions. The vaginal microbiota could play a considerable role in HPV infection and the genesis of cervical tumors caused by HPV. Moreover, bacteria are strongly associated with vaginal inflammation and oncogenic mutations in human cells. We aim to investigate whether HPV infection could influence the bacterial microbiota composition in the uterine cervix. A total of 31 women were enrolled in this study. The vaginal swabs were collected; the HPV‐DNA was extracted with QIAamp DNA Microbiome. The V3–V4–V6 region of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing with MiSeq Illumina. The main phylum identified in the vaginal microbiota were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The phylum of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroides was more represented in HPV‐positive patients. Lactobacilli represented the dominant genus, with a high percentage of Lactobacilli iners, Lactobacilli jensenii, and Lactobacilli crispatus as species. Gardnerella vaginalis, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., and Atopobium were the most represented in HPV‐positive patients. An altered vaginal microbiota might play a functional role in HPV cervical infection, progression, and clearance. The relationship between infection and microbiota could spur the development of new probiotics. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of the vaginal microbiota in HPV infection.
Vitamin E and carotenoid profiles in leaves, stems, petioles and flowers of stinging nettle (Urtica leptophylla Kunth) from Costa Rica
Authors: Montoya‐Arroyo Alexander , Toro‐González Camilo , Sus Nadine , Warner Jorge , Esquivel Patricia , Jiménez Víctor M , Frank Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLocal leafy vegetables are gaining attention as affordable sources of micronutrients, including vitamins, pro‐vitamin carotenoids and other bioactive compounds. Stinging nettles (Urtica spp.) are used as source of fibers, herbal medicine and food. However, despite the relatively wide geographical spread of Urtica leptophylla on the American continent, little is known about its content of vitamin E congeners and carotenoids. We therefore investigated the particular nutritional potential of different plant structures of wild Costa Rican U. leptophylla by focusing on their vitamin E and carotenoid profiles.RESULTSYoung, mature and herbivore‐damaged leaves, flowers, stems and petioles were collected and freeze‐dried. Vitamin E and carotenoids were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography after liquid/liquid extraction with hexane. α‐Tocopherol was the major vitamin E congener in all structures. Flowers had a high content of γ‐tocopherol. Herbivore‐damaged leaves had higher contents of vitamin E than undamaged leaves. Lutein was the major and β‐carotene the second most abundant carotenoid in U. leptophylla. No differences in carotenoid profiles were observed between damaged and undamaged leaves.CONCLUSIONThe leaves of U. leptophylla had the highest nutritional value of all analyzed structures; therefore, they might represent a potential source of α‐tocopherol, lutein and β‐carotene. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
(+)‐Limonene‐Lactam: Synthesis of a Sustainable Monomer for Ring‐Opening Polymerization to Novel, Biobased Polyamides
Authors: Kleybolte Magdalena M. , Zainer Laura , Liu Jin Y. , Stockmann Paul N. , Winnacker Malte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis of limonene lactam starting from limonene epoxide and its subsequent ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) to novel polyamides is presented. Sustainable, biobased materials are gaining interest as replacements of conventional, petroleum‐based materials, and even more important, as high‐performance materials for new applications. Terpenes—structurally advanced biobased compounds—are therefore of great interest. In this research, limonene lactam, a novel biobased monomer for preparing sustainable polyamides via ROP, can be synthesized. Limonene lactam possesses an isopropylene and a methyl side group, thus stereocenters posing special challenges and requirements for synthesis, analysis and polymerization. However, these difficult‐to‐synthesize structural elements can generate novel polymers with unique properties, e.g., functionalizability. In this work, a sustainable monomer synthesis is established, and simplified to industrial needs. For the sterically demanding in‐bulk ROP to limonene polyamides, various initiators and conditions are tested. Polyamides with more than 100 monomer units are successfully synthesized and confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeations chromatography (GPC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) are used to analyze its thermal properties. In summary, a sustainable monomer synthesis is established, and promising polyamides with intact double bond and interesting thermal properties are achieved.