bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano-clustering mediates phase transitions in a diastereomerically-stabilized ferroelectric nematic system
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroya , Sano Koki , Kurihara Saburo , Watanabe Go , Nihonyanagi Atsuko , Dhara Barun , Araoka Fumito 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique properties such as a colossal polarization, high electro-optic activity, and high fluidity. However, despite large efforts in designing and developing new ferrofluid molecules based on molecular parameters, the control and stabilization of ferroelectric nematic phase transitions remain challenging. Here, we discuss the impact of mixing 1,3-dioxane-tethered fluorinated (DIO) diastereomer molecules, namely transDIO and cisDIO, in controlling the ferroelectric nematic phase transition, using X-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of smectic cybotactic cluster formation. Our results show that the ferroelectric nematic phase transition can be tuned by a smooth exchange of the ferroelectric nematic transDIO and non-liquid crystal cisDIO components, where the similar dipole and molecular backbone of the two components ensures a consistent macroscopic polarization of the diastereomeric-controlled ferroelectric nematic phase.
Correlation between structural heart disease and cardiac SARS-CoV-2 manifestations
Authors: Nägele Felix , Graber Michael , Hirsch Jakob , Pölzl Leo , Sahanic Sabina , Fiegl Manuel , Hau Dominik , Engler Clemens , Lechner Sophia , Stalder Anna Katharina , Mertz Kirsten D. , Haslbauer Jasmin D. , Tzankov Alexandar , Grimm Michael , Tancevski Ivan , Holfeld Johannes , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:
The prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cardiac involvement is unfavorable and it remains unknown which patients are at risk. The virus enters cells via its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Myocardial ACE2 expression is increased in structural heart disease (SHD). We, therefore, aimed to analyze correlations between structural heart disease and cardiac SARS-CoV-2 manifestation.

Methods:
The clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with structural heart disease was assessed in a prospective cohort of 152 patients. The primary endpoints consisted of hospitalization and survival. Cardiac tissue of 23 autopsy cases with lethal COVID-19 course was obtained and analyzed for (a) the presence of SHD, (b) myocardial presence of SARS-CoV-2 via RT,-PCR, and (c) levels of ACE2 expression using immunofluorescence staining.

Results:
Structural heart disease is found in 67 patients, of whom 56 (83.60%) are hospitalized. The myocardium is positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 15 patients (65%) in 23 autopsy cases of lethal COVID-19. Moreover, most hearts with evidence of myocardial SARS-CoV-2 have structural heart disease [11 (91,67%) vs. 1 (8,33%), p = 0.029]. Myocardial presence of SARS-CoV-2 is correlated with a significant downregulation of ACE2 compared to negative control hearts (6.545 ± 1.1818 A.U. vs. 7.764 ± 2.411 A.U., p = 0.003). The clinical course of patients with cardiac SARS-CoV-2 manifestation is unfavorable, resulting in impaired survival (median, 12 days and 4.5 days, respectively, HR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.73, p = 0.0005)

Conclusions:
We provide evidence for a correlation between SHD, altered ACE2 receptor expression, and cardiac SARS-CoV-2 manifestation. Consequently, structural heart disease may be considered a distinct risk factor for a severe clinical course after infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Registration number local IRB:
Ethics Committee of Northwestern and Central Switzerland ID 2020-00629; Ethics Committee of the Medical University Innsbruck EK Nr: 1103/2020.

ClinicalTrials.gov number:
NCT04416100.
Renewable Resources for Surface Coatings, Inks, and Adhesives
Authors: Höfer Rainer 
Published: November 2022

Providing a detailed survey of renewable raw materials for paints, inks and glues, this book is ideal for researchers and practitioners working in the areas of green chemistry, industrial chemistry and sustainability. Beginning with a brief history of coatings and adhesives, this book walks the reader through the chemistry, properties, sourcing and processing of a number of renewable raw materials, including lipids, natural resins, proteins, and carbohydrates. Their use in a range of recent developments and concepts from material protection, to decorative paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants is highlighted, providing the reader with a complete and modern foundation to the field.
Monocular 3D object detection via Mask‐Revised Network and quality perception loss
Authors: Wang Fengsui , Xu Yue , Chen Jingang , Xiong Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe accuracy of the monocular 3D detection tasks based on the Pseudo‐LiDAR method is improved greatly. However, the depth map obtained by depth estimation contains a lot of noise, which limits the detection accuracy. To address this problem, an efficient monocular 3D target detection method combined with a Mask‐Revised Network and Quality Perception Loss is proposed. The method adaptively encodes the image into the mask and adjusts the feature weight from the region of interest by the visual attention mechanism. Then, the 2D bounding box confidence and 3D bounding box quality are used to calculate each confidence of the 3D bounding box to realize the quality perception of prediction results. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the KITTI test datasets, and the results show that the proposed method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on the task of monocular 3D target detection and outperforms the existing methods by about 2.75% on AP40 for Car categories.
Analysis of an LLC–DAB integrated DC–DC converter topology with low loss and low cost
Authors: Zhang Shichong , Chen Dezhi , Bai Baodong , Su Zhonghuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an LLC‐DAB integrated high‐frequency isolated DC–DC converter topology structure to reduce the loss and cost of the DC power distribution system. Furthermore, the complexity and efficiency of the system also can be improved. The proposed converter consists of a DAB converter and two input‐parallel‐output‐parallel half‐bridge LLC resonant converters. It provides two DC voltage level buses, namely the HVDC bus and the LVDC bus. Compared with the typical converter topology of the DC power distribution system, the number of power semiconductors of the proposed converter topology is reduced by sharing the power semiconductors of the DAB converter and LLC resonant converter. As a result, with the number of power semiconductors decreasing, the cost and loss of the system are reduced. Moreover, the proposed converter can control the flow direction of power conversion and supply power to the loads. The single‐phase‐shift modulation method is adopted for the DAB converter, and two LLC resonant converters operate as the DC transformer under resonant frequency with open‐loop control. The operation principles and characteristics of the proposed converter are discussed. Finally, the simulation is carried out and an experimental prototype is developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.
The Lockman-SpReSO project
Authors: Gonzalez-Otero Mauro , Padilla-Torres Carmen P. , Cepa Jordi , de Jesús González José , Bongiovanni Ángel , Pérez García Ana María , González-Serrano José Ignacio , Alfaro Emilio , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Benítez Erika , Binette Luc , Cerviño Miguel , Cruz-González Irene , de Diego José A. , Gallego Jesús , Hernández-Toledo Héctor , Krongold Yair , Lara-López Maritza A. , Nadolny Jakub , Pérez-Martínez Ricardo , Pović Mirjana , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Cedrés Bernabé , Dultzin Deborah , Jiménez-Bailón Elena , Navarro Martínez Rocío , Negrete Castalia Alenka , Pintos-Castro Irene , Valenzuela Octavio 
Published: November 2022

Context. Extragalactic surveys are a key tool for better understanding the evolution of galaxies. Both deep and wide-field surveys serve to provide a clearer emerging picture of the physical processes that take place in and around galaxies, and to identify which of these processes are the most important in shaping the properties of galaxies.
Aims. The Lockman Spectroscopic Redshift Survey using Osiris (Lockman-SpReSO) aims to provide one of the most complete optical spectroscopic follow-ups of the far-infrared (FIR) sources detected by the Herschel Space Observatory in the Lockman Hole (LH) field. The optical spectroscopic study of the FIR-selected galaxies supplies valuable information about the relation between fundamental FIR and optical parameters, including extinction, star formation rate, and gas metallicity. In this article, we introduce and provide an in-depth description of the Lockman-SpReSO project and of its early results.
Methods. We selected FIR sources from Herschel observations of the central 24 arcmin ×24 arcmin of the LH field with an optical counterpart up to 24.5 RC(AB). The sample comprises 956 Herschel FIR sources, plus 188 additional interesting objects in the field. These are point X-ray sources, cataclysmic variable star candidates, high-velocity halo star candidates, radio sources, very red quasi-stellar objects, and optical counterparts of sub-millimetre galaxies. The faint component of the catalogue (RC(AB) ≥ 20) was observed using the OSIRIS instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) mode. The bright component was observed using two multi-fibre spectrographs: the AF2-WYFFOS at the William Herschel Telescope and the HYDRA instrument at the WYIN telescope.
Results. From an input catalogue of 1144 sources, we measured a secure spectroscopic redshift in the range 0.03 ≲ z ≲ 4.96 for 357 sources with at least two identified spectral lines. In addition, for 99 sources that show only one emission or absorption line, a spectroscopic redshift was postulated based on the line and object properties, and photometric redshift. In both cases, properties of emission and absorption lines were measured. Furthermore, to characterize the sample in more depth with determined spectroscopic redshifts, spectral energy distribution (SED) fits were performed using the CIGALE software. The IR luminosity and the stellar mass estimations for the sample are also presented as a preliminary description.
Analysis and fabrication of a small-scale radio-frequency balun for magnetic resonance imaging amplifier
Authors: Li Yingliang , Luo Shouhua , Liu Chunyi , Ye Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2022

In this study, the authors report the design and fabrication of a small mixed-integrated balun for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The device was designed by using the positive anti-symmetric coupling method, which applies the lump surface-mount technology capacitors as well as mirror-symmetric coupling strips that were etched on the top and bottom layers of a printed circuit board. The capacitors reduced the length of the coupling strips and compensated for imbalances in the phase and gain due to errors in the fabrication process. The structure and equivalent even–odd circuit model of the device was modeled and examined using commercial software to optimize the design parameters. Following this, the device was fabricated and its performance was assessed through measurements using a network analyzer. The results showed that imbalances in the gain and phase were lower than 0.1 dB and 1°, respectively, and the insertion loss and the input voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) were lower than 0.4 dB and −25 dB, respectively. More importantly, the device was small, with dimensions of 50 × 60 × 1.5 mm. This makes it suitable for MRI applications involving highly integrated miniaturized systems. The proposed device was integrated into a 3.0 T radio-frequency power amplifier (RFPA) and reduced the dimensions of its power modules by 20% compared with the traditional balun. Finally, the RFPA module was used in an 3.0T MRI system for imaging experiments, and the results showed that the balun can help obtain high-quality scanning images.
Helium line ratio imaging in the C-2W divertor
Authors: Granstedt E. M. , Osin D. , Gupta D. , Kinley J. , Knapp K. , Muñoz-Burgos J. M. ,   TAE Team
Published: November 2022

A 2D imaging instrument has been designed and deployed on C-2W (“Norman”) [H. Gota et al., Nucl. Fusion 61, 106039 (2021)] to study the plasma in the expander divertor by simultaneously measuring three neutral helium spectral lines. Ratios of these images, in conjunction with a collisional-radiative model, yield 2D maps of electron temperature and density. Almost the entire radial plasma cross-section (∼60 cm) can be mapped with a spatial resolution ≲1 cm. These data can, in principle, be acquired at 3 kHz. The neutral helium target is provided by a custom-built supersonic gas injector located inside the divertor vessel, which injects helium toward the magnetic axis and perpendicular to the camera sight-cone. Images of helium emission and reconstructed electron density and temperature profiles of the plasma produced from an end gun are presented. Voltages applied to concentric annular electrodes located in the divertors are used to stabilize beam-driven field reversed configuration plasmas. Magnetic field expansion is also employed to thermally isolate electrons from the end electrodes. Measurements of electron temperature and density in the divertor are important in order to study the effects of both the electrostatic biasing and the divertor magnetic field on electron confinement, neutral gas transport, and the overall machine performance.
(Cd,Mg)Te crystals for picosecond-response optical-to-x-ray radiation detectors
Authors: Cheng J. , Chen G. , Chakraborty D. , Kutcher S. , Wen J. , Chen H. , Trivedi S. , Sobolewski Roman 
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate a photodetector sensitive to both optical and x-ray picosecond pulses based on our in-house grown cadmium magnesium telluride (Cd,Mg)Te single crystal. Specifically, we developed In-doped Cd0.96Mg0.04Te material and discuss its femtosecond optical photoresponse, as well as the detector performance, such as &lt;100-pA dark current and up to 0.22-mA/W responsivity for 780-nm wavelength optical radiation. The detector exposed to Ti fluorescence (K alpha) x-ray pulses at 4.5 keV, generated by a free-electron laser beam with the central energy of 9.8 keV and &lt;100 fs pulse width, exhibited readout-electronics-limited 200-ps full-width-at-half-maximum photoresponse, demonstrating that it is suitable for coarse timing in free-electron laser x-ray/optical femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy applications.
Single-beam plasma source deposition of carbon thin films
Authors: Kim Young , Baule Nina , Shrestha Maheshwar , Zheng Bocong , Schuelke Thomas , Fan Qi Hua 
Published: November 2022

A single-beam plasma source was developed and used to deposit hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films at room temperature. The plasma source was excited by a combined radio frequency and direct current power, which resulted in tunable ion energy over a wide range. The plasma source could effectively dissociate the source hydrocarbon gas and simultaneously emit an ion beam to interact with the deposited film. Using this plasma source and a mixture of argon and C2H2 gas, a-C:H films were deposited at a rate of ∼26 nm/min. The resulting a-C:H film of 1.2 µm thick was still highly transparent with a transmittance of over 90% in the infrared range and an optical bandgap of 2.04 eV. Young’s modulus of the a-C:H film was ∼80 GPa. The combination of the low-temperature high-rate deposition of transparent a-C:H films with moderately high Young’s modulus makes the single-beam plasma source attractive for many coatings applications, especially in which heat-sensitive and soft materials are involved. The single-beam plasma source can be configured into a linear structure, which could be used for large-area coatings.
Computational pulmonary edema: A microvascular model of alveolar capillary and interstitial flow
Authors: Grotberg James B. , Romanò Francesco 
Published: November 2022

We present a microvascular model of fluid transport in the alveolar septa related to pulmonary edema. It consists of a two-dimensional capillary sheet coursing by several alveoli. The alveolar epithelial membrane runs parallel to the capillary endothelial membrane with an interstitial layer in between, making one long septal tract. A coupled system of equations is derived using lubrication theory for the capillary blood, Darcy flow for the porous media of the interstitium, a passive alveolus, and the Starling equation at both membranes. Case examples include normal physiology, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic edema Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and hypoalbuminemia, and the effects of positive end expiratory pressure. COVID-19 has dramatically increased ARDS in the world population, raising the urgency for such a model to create an analytical framework. Under normal conditions, the fluid exits the alveolus, crosses the interstitium, and enters the capillary. For edema, this crossflow is reversed with the fluid leaving the capillary and entering the alveolus. Because both the interstitial and capillary pressures decrease downstream, the reversal can occur within a single septal tract, with edema upstream and clearance downstream. Overall, the interstitial pressures are found to be significantly more positive than values used in the traditional physiological literature that creates steep gradients near the upstream and downstream end outlets, driving significant flows toward the distant lymphatics. This new physiological flow may provide a possible explanation to the puzzle, noted since 1896, of how pulmonary lymphatics can function so far from the alveoli: the interstitium can be self-clearing.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 7 June 2023.
Metal–insulator transitions in dimensionality controlled LaxSr1−xVO3 films
Authors: Takahashi K. S. , Tokura Y. , Kawasaki M. 
Published: November 2022

Carrier doping into two dimensional (2D) Mott insulators is one of the prospective strategies for exploring exotic quantum phenomena. Although ultra-thin oxide films are one such target, it is vitally important to fabricate well-defined and clean samples to extract intrinsic properties. In this study, we start from establishing the growth of clean SrVO3 films with a low residual resistivity (∼4 × 10−7 Ω cm) and a high mobility (∼103 cm2/V s). By confining them with SrTiO3 barrier layers, the Mott insulator state appears at the thickness below 3 unit cells (u.c.). By the electron doping in the form of LaxSr1−xVO3 for such two dimensional systems (2 and 3 u.c), metallic-like phases appear in a narrow x region around x = 0.17, indicating a collapse of the Mott insulator state. This study demonstrates that artificial 2D systems of clean oxides are a promising playground for exploring novel Mott physics in confined systems.
Subtracting glitches from gravitational-wave detector data during the third LIGO-Virgo observing run
Authors: Davis D , Littenberg T B , Romero-Shaw I M , Millhouse M , McIver J , Di Renzo F , Ashton G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Data from ground-based gravitational-wave detectors contains numerous short-duration instrumental artifacts, called ‘glitches’. The high rate of these artifacts in turn results in a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences overlapping glitches. In LIGO-Virgo’s third observing run, ≈20% of gravitational-wave source candidates required some form of mitigation due to glitches. This was the first observing run where glitch subtraction was included as a part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data analysis methods for a large fraction of detected gravitational-wave events. This work describes the methods to identify glitches, the decision process for deciding if mitigation was necessary, and the two algorithms, BayesWave and gwsubtract, that were used to model and subtract glitches. Through case studies of two events, GW190424_180648 and GW200129_065458, we evaluate the effectiveness of the glitch subtraction, compare the statistical uncertainties in the relevant glitch models, and identify potential limitations in these glitch subtraction methods. We finally outline the lessons learned from this first-of-its-kind effort for future observing runs.
Quantisation ambiguities and the effective dynamics of scalar-tensor theories in loop quantum cosmology
Authors: Han Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Hamiltonian constraint of scalar-tensor theories (STTs) in the Jordan frame is quantised using three quantisation prescriptions in loop quantum cosmology, from which we obtain three different effective Hamiltonian constraints. The corresponding effective equations of motion derived from these effective Hamiltonian constraints turn out to be drastically different. The implications of each set of effective equations of motion are discussed in detail. In the latter half of this paper, as a concrete example, we study the effective dynamics of a specific model of STTs with the non-minimal coupling function

F
(
ϕ
)
=
1
+
ξ
κ

ϕ
2

and self-interacting quartic potential. Using numerical results, we find different features for different effective dynamics. Moreover, it is also found that the spacetime singularity is absent and the cosmological bounce exists in each effective dynamics of this model.
Photon propagation in a material medium on a curved spacetime
Authors: Guerrieri Amanda , Novello Mário 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider a nonlinear dielectric medium surrounding a static, charged and spherically symmetric compact body which gravitational field is driven by general relativity. Considering the propagating waves on the dielectric medium, we describe the trajectory of light as geodesics on an effective geometry given by Hadamard’s discontinuities. We analyze some consequences of the effective geometry in the propagation of light, with relation to the predictions of the background gravitational field, that includes corrections on the geometrical redshift and on the gravitational deflection of light. We show that the background electromagnetic field polarize the material medium, such that different polarizations of light are distinguished by different corrections on these quantities. As a consequence, we have two possible paths for the trajectory of light in such configuration, that coincide if we turn off the electromagnetic field or if the permittivity is constant. We show that the effective metric associated to the negative polarization, for a given dependence of the dielectric permittivity, is conformally flat.