bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐genome sequencing holds the key to the success of gene‐targeted therapies
Authors: Vockley Jerry , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Cohen Jennifer L. , Cowsert Lex M. , Howell R. Rodney , Yu Timothy W. , Wasserstein Melissa P. , Defay Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRare genetic disorders affect as many as 3%–5% of all babies born. Approximately 10,000 such disorders have been identified or hypothesized to exist. Treatment is supportive except in a limited number of instances where specific therapies exist. Development of new therapies has been hampered by at least two major factors: difficulty in diagnosing diseases early enough to enable treatment before irreversible damage occurs, and the high cost of developing new drugs and getting them approved by regulatory agencies. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) techniques have become exponentially less expensive and more rapid since the beginning of the human genome project, such that return of clinical data can now be achieved in days rather than years and at a cost that is comparable to other less expansive genetic testing. Thus, it is likely that WGS will ultimately become a mainstream, first‐tier NBS technique at least for those disorders without appropriate high‐throughput functional tests. However, there are likely to be several steps in the evolution to this end. The clinical implications of these advances are profound but highlight the bottlenecks in drug development that still limit transition to treatments. This article summarizes discussions arising from a recent National Institute of Health conference on nucleic acid therapy, with a focus on the impact of WGS in the identification of diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic disorders.
Central nervous system involvement in individuals withRASopathies
Authors: Weaver K. Nicole , Gripp Karen W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) anomalies are common in individuals with RASopathies. While certain findings, including relative or absolute macrocephaly, are typical for most RASopathies, other findings are more common in certain conditions, with rare low‐grade gliomas in Noonan syndrome (NS); Chiari 1 malformation and tethered cord in Costello syndrome (CS); and variable structural anomalies including heterotopia and hydrocephalus in cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome (CFC). We performed a literature review and present aggregate data on the common and uncommon CNS manifestations in individuals with RASopathies. A gene‐based approach to defining risk for specific abnormalities may be considered. However, limited information on the CNS findings of rare RASopathies, such as autosomal recessiveLZTR1‐related NS orPPP1CB‐related NS with loose anagen hair (NSLH), is currently available. Thus, consideration of the RASopathies as a group of distinct syndromic conditions with shared underlying causes and overlapping clinical presentations remains relevant, and individuals with a RASopathy are at risk for many findings seen in these conditions.
Plasmonic Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Catalysed Hydrogen Abstraction from the C(sp3)−H Bond of the Benzylic Cαatom for Cleavage of Alkyl Aryl Ether Bonds
Authors: Han Pengfei , Mao Xin , Jin Yichao , Sarina Sarina , Jia Jianfeng , Waclawik Eric R. , Du Aijun , Bottle Steven E. , Zhao Jin‐Cai , Zhu Huai‐Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSelective activation of the C(sp3)−H bond is an important process in organic synthesis, where efficiently activating a specific C(sp3)−H bond without causing side reactions remains one of chemistry's great challenges. Here we report that illuminated plasmonic silver metal nanoparticles (NPs) can abstract hydrogen from the C(sp3)−H bond of the Cαatom of an alkyl aryl etherβ‐O‐4 linkage. The intense electromagnetic near‐field generated at the illuminated plasmonic NPs promotes chemisorption of theβ‐O‐4 compound and the transfer of photo‐generated hot electrons from the NPs to the adsorbed molecules leads to hydrogen abstraction and direct cleavage of the unreactive ether Cβ−O bond under moderate reaction conditions (≈90 °C). The plasmon‐driven process has certain exceptional features: enabling hydrogen abstraction from a specific C(sp3)−H bond, along with precise scission of the targeted C−O bond to form aromatic compounds containing unsaturated, substituted groups in excellent yields.
Influence of nanoparticle and channel arc structure on comprehensive performance of nanofluids in curved tiered microchannel heat sinks
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Li Xiaoyang , Qi Cong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the heat dissipation of the electrical components, a curved tiered microchannel heat sink (TMCHS) was proposed and optimized and applied to cool the electrical components together with nanofluids. Influence of channel radian (φ = 0°, 75°, 135°, 180°), arc number (n = 0, 2, 3, 4), and nanoparticle concentration (w = 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%) on flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in curved TMCHS was numerically investigated. Comprehensive evaluation coefficient comprehensive evaluation factor (PEC) was used to evaluate the thermo‐hydraulic performance of TMCHS and nanofluids. Results indicated that the greater the radian and arc number, the better the thermal performance of TMCHS. The overall performance of TMCHS is the best when the radian is 180° and the arc number is 4. Results in this paper provide important technical guidance for the application of curved tiered microchannel heat sinks and nanofluids to the field of thermal management of electronic components.
Overmolded hybrid thermoset‐thermoplastic structures: Experimental study on the bonding strength of co‐curing thermoplastic film onto thermoset composite
Authors: Miao Tianyu , Ding Yudong , Zhai Zhanyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present study, an innovative approach to produce hybrid thermoset‐thermoplastic structure by means of co‐curing technique together with injection overmolding technique is proposed. To make thermoset composite bondable, a thermoplastic film was firstly co‐cured on the surface of thermoset composite. Five different types of thermoplastic film were chosen to co‐cure with thermoset composite. The bonding strength between thermoplastic film and thermoset composite was evaluated with lap shear strength. The results show that plasma treatment on thermoplastic film can promote polar groups at interface, which has positive effect on increasing wettability and can increase bonding strength by up to 69.7% of co‐cured structure. Meanwhile, increasing the surface roughness of thermoplastic film can also increase bonding strength by 162.9% because of mechanical interlock. Especially, because of low melting temperature of metallocene polypropylene, some fiber bundles in the interface zone were impregnated with molten metallocene polypropylene, resulting in strong bonding strength increased by 266.2% of the resultant co‐cured structure. Based on these results, polyamide 6 film was selected as the best thermoplastic boundary for co‐cured structure. Finally, hybrid thermoset‐thermoplastic was fabricated by injection overmolding of molten polyamide 6 on co‐cured structure, which has high average lap shear strength of around 14.9 MPa.
Prior anatomy experience among medical students: What difference does it make?
Authors: d'Arnaud Lindsey , Husmann Polly R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrior research has reported that experience in undergraduate anatomy did not significantly affect students' grades in professional schools, yet students would still recommend anatomy experience prior to medical school. It has been further posited that this prior experience may have benefits that do not appear in grade outcomes, such as decreased stress levels or different study strategies. The present study investigated whether different study strategies in anatomy were reported between students with and without prior experience. The data were collected using surveys administered near the beginning and the end of the medical anatomy course. The surveys included questions about study strategies used for the course, basic demographics, and prior experience in anatomy and/or physiology. Results confirmed very few differences in course outcomes between students with and without prior experience in anatomy and/or physiology; however, differences were noted in the study strategies reported. Students with prior experience in anatomy were more likely to report use of a wider variety of strategies and less changes in strategies between the surveys. However, these differences were only noted with prior courses of a certain number and level. It is posited that students with prior experience may have already created a basic scaffold of information in their mind that they could then plug additional information into rather than creating an entirely new knowledge structure. While this did not largely change course outcomes, it is likely to have positive effects on students' perceptions of stress and feelings of being overwhelmed during the course.
Full‐color Persistent Room‐temperature Phosphorescence from Carbon Dot Composites Based on a Single Nonaromatic Carbon Source
Authors: Wang Xiaolang , Wang Shuaiqi , Huang Yuanshan , Huang Limei , Sun Jianping , Lin Zhenghuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein, a series of carbon dot composites (CDC) with full‐color and long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are prepared by a simple solid‐phase one‐step method from a single non‐conjugated and non‐aromatic carbon source. The RTP emission wavelength can be adjusted from 462 to 623 nm by changing the feeding ratio and reaction temperature. The luminescent lifetime and quantum yield of a green emissive CDC (AB‐CDC‐3) reach 1.1 s and 39%, respectively, because of the close interaction between carbon dots and inorganic matrix. Due to the existence of multiple luminescent centers, these CDC exhibit excitation wavelength‐dependent RTP and a white emission when excited at a specific wavelength. A single‐component afterglow luminescent diode based on AB‐CDC‐4 shows a high‐quality white emission with CIE of (0.30, 0.33) and color‐rendering index of 88. Based on the unique photophysical properties of the composites, they exhibit huge application potential in the field of multilevel anti‐counterfeiting, fingerprint identification, and optoelectronic devices.
Molecular Engineering of Organic Species for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhu Fulong , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems (ESSs) due to their unique architecture that can decouple energy and power. Aqueous RFBs based on organic molecules (AORFBs) work with a non‐flammable and intrinsically safe aqueous electrolyte, and organic compounds are performed as redox couples. The application of redox‐active organics tremendously expands the development space of RFBs owing to the highly tunable molecule structure. Molecular engineering enables the exceptional merits in solubility, stability, and redox potential of different organic molecules. Herein, this review summarizes the application of molecular engineering to several organic compounds, focusing on the fundamental overview of their physicochemical properties and design strategies. We discuss the electrochemical merits and performances along with the intrinsic properties of the designed organic components. Finally, we outline the requirements for rational design of innovative organics to motivate more valuable research and present the prospect of molecule engineering used in AORFBs.
The cognitive profile of middle‐aged and older adults with high vs. low autistic traits
Authors: Stewart Gavin R. , Corbett Anne , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron , Aarsland Dag , Hampshire Adam , Brooker Helen , Charlton Rebecca A. , Happé Francesca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognitive differences in memory, information processing speed (IPS), and executive functions (EF), are common in autistic and high autistic trait populations. Despite memory, IPS and EF being sensitive to age‐related change, little is known about the cognitive profile of older adults with high autistic traits. This study explores cross‐sectional memory, IPS and EF task performance in a large sample of older adults in the online PROTECT cohort (n = 22,285, aged 50–80 years), grouped by high vs. low autistic traits. Approximately 1% of PROTECT participants (n = 325) endorsed high autistic traits [henceforth Autism Spectrum Trait (AST) group]. Differences between AST and age‐, gender‐, and education‐matched comparison older adults (COA; n = 11,744) were explored on memory, IPS and EF tasks and questionnaires administered online. AST had lower performance than COA on tasks measuring memory, working memory, sustained attention, and information processing. No group differences were observed in simple attention or verbal reasoning. A similar pattern of results was observed when controlling for age, and current depression and anxiety symptoms. In addition, AST self‐reported more cognitive decline than COA, but this difference was not significant when controlling for current depression symptoms, or when using informant‐report. These findings suggest that autistic traits are associated with cognitive function in middle‐aged and later life. Older adults with high autistic traits experienced more performance difficulties in a range of memory, IPS and EF tasks compared with the low autistic traits comparison group. Further longitudinal work is needed to examine age‐related change in both older autistic and autistic trait populations.
Wheat straw‐derived bio‐based hydroponic polyurethane foams for plant growth
Authors: Li Hongwei , Ali Zohaib , Yuan Zhongshun , Hu Yulin , Wei Qin , Xu Chunbao Charles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAgricultural waste is a renewable and sustainable resource that can be used as an alternative to petroleum for the production of chemicals and materials. In this study, liquefied wheat straw was used as bio‐polyols to prepare bio‐based hydroponic polyurethane (BHPU) foams. The effects of foam preparation variables, such as surfactants, catalysts, blowing agents and types of petroleum‐based polyols (PPG 400 and/or VORANOL 280) on the properties of BHPU foam were investigated through single‐factor experiments. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the foam formula. The prepared BHPU foams with 40–50% (w/w) bio‐polyols had an open cell content of 70–96%, a water absorption capacity of 594–1085% (w/w) and a water absorption time of 6–140 s. The potential of using the prepared BHPU foam as a plant growing medium was evaluated via mechanical testing, cell morphology, thermal stability, UV weathering testing and Phaseolus vulgaris (Linn.) cultivar Prelude and Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. seed germination tests. The wheat straw‐derived BHPU foams demonstrated potential as a plant growth medium in horticulture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data‐driven flow‐map models for data‐efficient discovery of dynamics and fast uncertainty quantification of biological and biochemical systems
Authors: Makrygiorgos Georgios , Berliner Aaron J. , Shi Fengzhe , Clark Douglas S. , Arkin Adam P. , Mesbah Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractComputational models are increasingly used to investigate and predict the complex dynamics of biological and biochemical systems. Nevertheless, governing equations of a biochemical system may not be (fully) known, which would necessitate learning the system dynamics directly from, often limited and noisy, observed data. On the other hand, when expensive models are available, systematic and efficient quantification of the effects of model uncertainties on quantities of interest can be an arduous task. This paper leverages the notion of flow‐map (de)compositions to present a framework that can address both of these challenges via learning data‐driven models useful for capturing the dynamical behavior of biochemical systems. Data‐driven flow‐map models seek to directly learn the integration operators of the governing differential equations in a black‐box manner, irrespective of structure of the underlying equations. As such, they can serve as a flexible approach for deriving fast‐to‐evaluate surrogates for expensive computational models of system dynamics, or, alternatively, for reconstructing the long‐term system dynamics via experimental observations. We present a data‐efficient approach to data‐driven flow‐map modeling based on polynomial chaos Kriging. The approach is demonstrated for discovery of the dynamics of various benchmark systems and a coculture bioreactor subject to external forcing, as well as for uncertainty quantification of a microbial electrosynthesis reactor. Such data‐driven models and analyses of dynamical systems can be paramount in the design and optimization of bioprocesses and integrated biomanufacturing systems.
Selective attention to pain and empathy: Studying frequent blood donors
Authors: Omyan Sina , Mazidi Mahdi , Khatibi Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmpathy is an interpersonal experience that enables understanding of other's emotions and can lead to altruistic behavior such as blood donation. Cognitive theories of empathy refer to selective attention as one of its cognitive dimensions. The current study examined if individuals who engage in altruistic behavior are characterized by a distinct pattern of selective attention to observation of pain in others.MethodsWe recruited 50 volunteer blood donors. Half (n = 25) of the volunteers donated for a self‐declared altruistic reason, and the other half of the volunteers donated blood for a health‐related reason. We assessed the individuals’ self‐reported empathy with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). We then measured the individuals’ selective attention toward faces expressing pain in a pictorial dot‐probe task.ResultsConsistent with the proposed hypothesis, participants who donated blood out of altruism reported significantly higher empathic concern on the IRI than those who donated blood for a health‐related reason. The altruistic donors also showed significantly greater selective attention toward facial expressions of pain. Moreover, among all donors, self‐report empathic concern on the IRI was significantly correlated with greater selective attention toward faces expressing pain.DiscussionThese findings suggest that altruistic individuals not only show higher levels of empathy, but also attend more to the pain of others. Limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Reactive oxygen species‐responsive mitochondria‐targeted liposomal quercetin attenuates retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury via regulating SIRT1/FOXO3A and p38 MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Zhao Laien , Ling Longbing , Lu Jing , Jiang Feng , Sun Jianchao , Zhang Zhen , Huang Yanmei , Liu Xiaoqian , Zhu Yanjuan , Fu Xiaoxuan , Peng Shengjun , Yuan Wenze , Zhao Ruikang , Zhang Zhuhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRetinal ischemia–reperfusion (RIR) injury is involved in the pathogenesis of various vision‐threatening diseases. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be the main cause of RIR injury. A variety of natural products, including quercetin (Que), exhibit potent antioxidant activity. However, the lack of an efficient delivery system for hydrophobic Que and the presence of various intraocular barriers limit the effective retinal delivery of Que in clinical settings. In this study, we encapsulated Que into ROS‐responsive mitochondria‐targeted liposomes (abbreviated to Que@TPP‐ROS‐Lips) to achieve the sustained delivery of Que to the retina. The intracellular uptake, lysosome escape ability, and mitochondria targeting ability of Que@TPP‐ROS‐Lips were evaluated in R28 retinal cells. Treating R28 cells with Que@TPP‐ROS‐Lips significantly ameliorated the decrease in ATP content, ROS generation, and increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase in an in vitro oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model of retinal ischemia. In a rat model, the intravitreal injection of Que@TPP‐ROS‐Lips 24 h after inducing retinal ischemia significantly enhanced retinal electrophysiological recovery and reduced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Que@TPP‐ROS‐Lips were taken up by retina for at least 14 days after intravitreal administration. Molecular docking and functional biological experiments revealed that Que targets FOXO3A to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. Que@TPP‐ROS‐Lips also partially inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, our new platform for ROS‐responsive and mitochondria‐targeted drug release shows promise for the treatment of RIR injury and promotes the clinical application of hydrophobic natural products.
Gratifications in change of privacy? The response of four consumers' generational cohorts toward facial recognition technology in retail settings
Authors: Pantano Eleonora , Vannucci Virginia , Marikyan Davit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNew technologies enable retailers to collect large amounts of information about consumers, which might lead to ethical issues and risks of individuals' privacy loss. However, consumers might choose to disclose information to retailers when they perceive that the information would generate more benefits for themselves rather than for the retailer. Since little research has been done to explain the role of age in disclosing personal information to third parties, the present study investigates the difference in the perception of one's own control when it comes to the usage of privacy‐threatening technology depending on respondents' age. Drawing upon uses and gratification theory, the present study explores the response of consumers from four generational cohorts towards the facial recognition technology in retailing. Results reveal that the locus of control over information collected by the technology is neither related to the age of consumers nor to their knowledge of a specific technology used to collect their personal data. Instead, consumers' expected gratifications (in terms of economic and utilitarian) vary across different age groups. Implications for practitioners are discussed.
Temperature‐Dependent Re‐alignment of the Short Multifunctional Peptide BP100 in Membranes Revealed by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Strandberg Erik , Wadhwani Parvesh , Bürck Jochen , Anders Patrick , Mink Christian , van den Berg Jonas , Ciriello Raffaele A. M. , Melo Manuel N. , Castanho Miguel A. R. B. , Bardají Eduard , Ulmschneider Jakob P. , Ulrich Anne S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBP100 is a cationic undecamer peptide with antimicrobial and cell‐penetrating activities. The orientation of this amphiphilic α‐helix in lipid bilayers was examined under numerous conditions using solid‐state 19F, 15N and 2H NMR. At high temperatures in saturated phosphatidylcholine lipids, BP100 lies flat on the membrane surface, as expected. Upon lowering the temperature towards the lipid phase transition, the helix is found to flip into an upright transmembrane orientation. In thin bilayers, this inserted state was stable at low peptide concentration, but thicker membranes required higher peptide concentrations. In the presence of lysolipids, the inserted state prevailed even at high temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that BP100 monomer insertion can be stabilized by snorkeling lysine side chains. These results demonstrate that even a very short helix like BP100 can span (and thereby penetrate through) a cellular membrane under suitable conditions.