bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introductory Information for Therapists
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Dour Halina J. , Treanor Michael , Meuret Alicia E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides the introductory information necessary for therapists interested in using the Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) program. It starts by describing anhedonia, which is a symptom cluster linked to the loss of interest or joy in usual activities. Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom frequently found among people suffering from depression, anxiety, psychosis, and substance abuse. Advances in behavioral science and neuroscience suggest that specific mechanisms may contribute to anhedonia. The chapter covers the principles and procedures of PAT, a program that addresses the deficits of the reward system. Therapists familiar with basic principles of cognitive–behavioral interventions and mindfulness are recommended to conduct the treatment.
Case Examples
Authors: Markowitz John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides three lengthy, detailed presentations of disguised real-life cases from a Brief Supportive Psychotherapy perspective, contrasting the Brief Supportive Psychotherapy approach at points with other psychotherapeutic perspectives. Each of the cases, described session-by-session, includes illustrations of therapeutic techniques, numerous patient–therapist interchanges, and serial measurement of symptomatic outcomes. A commentary following each case summarizing key strategic and technical points. The chapter aims to convey the breadth and trajectory of relatively easy and relatively difficult patient presentations and how a therapist adjusted and reacted to them.
Transdiagnostic LGBTQ-Affirmative Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey , Jackson Skyler , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This workbook introduces new cognitive-behavioral therapy skills for managing emotional experiences that might be directly or indirectly caused or worsened by stress related to being LGBTQ. The treatment program begins by reviewing the types of emotions that an individual might be currently experiencing. Throughout the program, patients are reminded that some or much of their emotional experience might be directly or indirectly impacted by LGBTQ-related stress. The treatment teaches patients how to be more aware of their emotions and the stressors that cause them and how stressors impact their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors or actions. It outlines specific ways to transform less helpful coping strategies into more helpful ones.
Critical Care
Authors: Johnston Taylor , Miller Steven , Rumley Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The modern-day intensivist requires facility with a wide variety of complex clinical scenarios. This book will present thirty-five of the most common scenarios in a problem-based learning format. It is the author’s intensions that the reader will think about the scenarios as presented at the beginning of each chapter and discuss the therapeutic challenges with colleagues prior to reading the discussion. The discussion of each chapter is then followed by a number of questions that the reader may use to test their retention of the material or use for teaching purposes when interacting with students and trainees. Lastly, we would encourage our readers to go back and re-read the initial scenarios once have read the discussion and rework the case. While the authors have suggested one course of treatment, there are other therapeutic options that should be considered.
Neuroanatomy and Physiological Mechanism of Tremor
Authors: Pan Ming-Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers four major sections. The first, central networks of rhythmic movements, summarizes the rhythm-generating mechanism, the ion channel basis, and contributing oscillatory circuits for tremor. The second section, maintenance and propagation of oscillations in the tremor circuits, explains how oscillations can be triggered, sustained, or propagated in the motor-specific network and manifest as tremor. Next, the peripheral networks of rhythmic movements section includes the generating mechanism of oscillations in the peripheral neuromuscular system, the sources of physiological and enhanced physiological tremor as well as their modulatory mechanism. Finally, the interactions between central and peripheral tremor networks section describes the interaction between central and peripheral system, and the electrophysiological tools to distinguish central and peripheral components.
Social psychiatry, refugees, and asylum seekers
Authors: Gnanapragasam Sam N. , Pemberton Max , Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGeopolitical determinants contribute to the flow of forced migrants across national borders. Refugees and asylum seekers face a number of distinct challenges before, during, and after the period of physical displacement. The term ‘migrant’ can be used to imply a voluntary process, for economic reasons among others. This is not the case for refugees or asylum seekers, who are unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for a number of reasons. As such, it is important to consider refugees and asylum seekers distinctly, to understand the drivers for movement (mostly push factors but occasionally pull factors), the unique stressors they face, specific obligations owed under international law, and the implications for their mental health. There is heterogeneity within this population due to age, gender, ethnicity, genetic composition, socio-economic status, cultural background, persecution context, country of origin, and destination. These characteristics have a significant impact on vulnerability, resilience, and lived experience. They carry with them cultural capital. This chapter describes challenges and potential solutions.
The impact of capitalism on mental health
Authors: Eisenberg-Guyot Jerzy , Prins Seth J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearchers have documented capitalism’s pernicious effects on the health of the poor and working class since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. This chapter summarizes and critically assesses the relationship between capitalism and mental health. It begins by defining capitalism: broadly, a socio-economic system characterized by the private ownership of the means of production and the exploitation and domination of wage labour for profit. Early research on capitalism and mental health is then reviewed, with a focus on the work of Engels and Marx, which described how nineteenth-century capitalist industrialization damaged workers’ mental health by degrading their social, working, and living conditions. Next, quantitative research on capitalism and mental health since the mid-twentieth century is discussed. Although epidemiological research on the topic remains underdeveloped, research consistently finds that capitalism harms workers’ mental health and exacerbates inequities. It does so through at least three mechanisms: alienation; exploitation; and domination. Finally, it is argued that the mental health effects of other axes of power, like racism, sexism, colonialism, and imperialism, cannot be fully understood without attending to their historically contingent forms under capitalism; likewise, capitalism’s mental health effects cannot be understood without attending to these other axes of power.
Glaucoma
Authors: O’Connell Niamh , Tatham Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores glaucoma. It begins with an outline of optic nerve head anatomy and then describes aqueous fluid dynamics, the pathogenesis of glaucoma, and the genetic basis of glaucoma. It goes on to discuss the clinical skill areas of optic nerve head assessment in glaucoma, glaucoma imaging devices, tonometry and tachymetry, gonioscopy, and perimetry. The chapter also details ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle closure, and secondary angle closure. In addition, it discusses normal-tension glaucoma, steroid-induced glaucoma, traumatic glaucoma, inflammatory glaucomas, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, and neovascular glaucoma. It then covers aqueous misdirection, iridocorneal endothelial syndrome and iridocorneal dysgenesis, ocular hypotensive agents, laser therapy for glaucoma, and glaucoma surgery.
Proton therapy for adult craniopharyngioma: Experience of a single institution in 91 consecutive patients
Authors: Beddok Arnaud , Scher Nathaniel , Alapetite Claire , Baussart Bertrand , Bentahila Ghita , Bielle Franck , Bolle Stephanie , Dendale Remi , Dureau Sylvain , Goudjl Farid , Helfre Sylvie , Mammar Hamid , Nichelli Lucia , Calugaru Valentin , Feuvret Loïc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCraniopharyngioma (CP) in adults is a rare benign tumor associated with many morbidities, with limited contemporary studies to define treatment, and follow-up guidelines.MethodsA single-center retrospective study was conducted on patients aged ≥ 18 years from 2006–2018 with CP and who were treated with proton therapy (PT). Late toxicity was defined as a minimum of 18 months from diagnosis. Overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and toxicity were characterized using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses.ResultsNinety-one patients met the criteria, with a median age of 37 years (range 18–82 years). PT was conducted after tumor resection in 88 patients (97%), in 64 patients (70.3%) as an adjuvant strategy and in 27 (29.7%) after recurrent disease. Three patients received exclusive PT. A median MRI follow-up of 39 months revealed 35.2% complete response, 49.5% partial response, and 9.9% stable disease. Five patients developed local recurrence (LR). The pattern of failure study showed that these five LR were within the GTV volume. The 5-year LRFS was 92.0% [CI 95% 84.90–99.60]. All the patients were alive at the end of the follow-up. Patients requiring treatment adaptation during PT tend to have a higher risk of LR (P = .084). Endocrinopathy was the most frequent grade ≥ 2 late toxicity. Among patients who were symptom-free before the start of treatment, none developed hearing toxicity but four (9.8%) developed visual disorders and 10 (11.3%) symptomatic memory impairment. Patients with large tumors had a higher risk of developing symptomatic memory impairment (P = .029).ConclusionAdults with CP treated with PT have favorable survival outcomes, with acceptable late toxicity. Prospective quality-of-life and neurocognitive studies are needed to define late adverse effects better.
The Impact of The Real Cost Vaping and Smoking Ads across Tobacco Products
Authors: Kowitt Sarah D , Mendel Sheldon Jennifer , Vereen Rhyan N , Kurtzman Rachel T , Gottfredson Nisha C , Hall Marissa G , Brewer Noel T , Noar Seth M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Little research has examined the spillover effects of tobacco communication campaigns, such as how anti-smoking ads affect vaping.

Aims and Methods
Participants were a national sample of 623 U.S. adolescents (ages 13–17 years) from a probability-based panel. In a between-subjects experiment, we randomly assigned adolescents to view one of four videos online: (1) a smoking prevention video ad from the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) The Real Cost campaign, (2) a neutral control video about smoking, (3) a vaping prevention video ad from The Real Cost campaign, or (4) a neutral control video about vaping. We present effect sizes as Cohen’s d, standardized mean differences, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Exposure to The Real Cost vaping prevention ads led to more negative attitudes toward vaping compared with control (d = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.53), while exposure to The Real Cost smoking prevention ads did not affect smoking-related outcomes compared with control (p-values &gt; .05). Turning to spillover effects, exposure to The Real Cost smoking prevention ads led to less susceptibility to vaping (d = −0.34, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.12), more negative attitudes toward vaping (d = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.65) and higher perceived likelihood of harm from vaping (d = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.48), compared with control. Exposure to The Real Cost vaping prevention ads did not affect smoking-related outcomes compared with control (p-values &gt; .05).

Conclusions
This experiment found evidence of beneficial spillover effects of smoking prevention ads on vaping outcomes and found no detrimental effects of vaping prevention ads on smoking outcomes.

Implications
Little research has examined the spillover effects of tobacco communication campaigns, such as how anti-smoking ads affect vaping. Using a national sample of 623 U.S. adolescents, we found beneficial evidence of spillover effects of smoking prevention ads on vaping outcomes, which is promising since it suggests that smoking prevention campaigns may have the additional benefit of reducing both smoking and vaping among adolescents. Additionally, we found that vaping prevention campaigns did not elicit unintended consequences on smoking-related outcomes, an important finding given concerns that vaping prevention campaigns could drive youth to increase or switch to using combustible cigarettes instead of vaping.
Prevalence and Health Outcomes ofClostridioides difficileInfection During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in a National Sample of United States Hospital Systems
Authors: Reveles Kelly R , Frei Alexa L , Strey Kelsey A , Young Eric H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in unprecedented emphasis on infection control procedures; however, it is unknown whether the pandemic altered Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) prevalence. This study investigated CDI prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national sample of United States (US) hospitals.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients with laboratory-confirmed CDI from April 2019 through March 2020 (pre–COVID-19 period) and April 2020 through March 2021 (COVID-19 period) were included. CDI prevalence (CDI encounters per 10 000 total encounters) and inpatient outcomes (eg, mortality, hospital length of stay) were compared between pre–COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods using bivariable analyses or interrupted time series analysis.ResultsA total of 25 992 CDI encounters were included representing 22 130 unique CDI patients. CDI prevalence decreased from the pre–COVID-19 to COVID-19 period (12.2 per 10 000 vs 8.9 per 10 000, P &lt; .0001), driven by a reduction in inpatient CDI prevalence (57.8 per 10 000 vs 49.4 per 10 000, P &lt; .0001); however, the rate ratio did not significantly change over time (RR, 1.04 [95% confidence interval, .90–1.20]). From the pre–COVID-19 to COVID-19 period, CDI patients experienced higher inpatient mortality (5.5% vs 7.4%, P &lt; .0001) and higher median encounter cost ($10 832 vs $12 862, P &lt; .0001).ConclusionsCDI prevalence decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national US sample, though at a rate similar to prior to the pandemic. CDI patients had higher inpatient mortality and encounter costs during the pandemic.
The small nucleolar RNA SnoR28 regulates plant growth and development by directing rRNA maturation
Authors: Cao Yuxin , Wang Jiayin , Wu Songlin , Yin Xiaochang , Shu Jia , Dai Xing , Liu Yannan , Sun Linhua , Zhu Danmeng , Deng Xing Wang , Ye Keqiong , Qian Weiqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that guide chemical modifications of structural RNAs, which are essential for ribosome assembly and function in eukaryotes. Although numerous snoRNAs have been identified in plants by high-throughput sequencing, the biological functions of most of these snoRNAs remain unclear. Here, we identified box C/D SnoR28.1s as important regulators of plant growth and development by screening a CRISPR/Cas9-generated ncRNA deletion mutant library in Arabidopsis thaliana. Deletion of the SnoR28.1 locus, which contains a cluster of three genes producing SnoR28.1s, resulted in defects in root and shoot growth. SnoR28.1s guide 2′-O-ribose methylation of 25S rRNA at G2396. SnoR28.1s facilitate proper and efficient pre-rRNA processing, as the SnoR28.1 deletion mutants also showed impaired ribosome assembly and function, which may account for the growth defects. SnoR28 contains a 7-bp antisense box, which is required for 2′-O-ribose methylation of 25S rRNA at G2396, and an 8-bp extra box that is complementary to a nearby rRNA methylation site and is partially responsible for methylation of G2396. Both of these motifs are required for proper and efficient pre-rRNA processing. Finally, we show that SnoR28.1s genetically interact with HIDDEN TREASURE2 and NUCLEOLIN1. Our results advance our understanding of the roles of snoRNAs in Arabidopsis.
Genotype–environment associations to reveal the molecular basis of environmental adaptation
Authors: Lasky Jesse R , Josephs Emily B , Morris Geoffrey P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A fundamental goal in plant biology is to identify and understand the variation underlying plants’ adaptation to their environment. Climate change has given new urgency to this goal, as society aims to accelerate adaptation of ecologically important plant species, endangered plant species, and crops to hotter, less predictable climates. In the pre-genomic era, identifying adaptive alleles was painstaking work, leveraging genetics, molecular biology, physiology, and ecology. Now, the rise of genomics and new computational approaches may facilitate this research. Genotype–environment associations (GEAs) use statistical associations between allele frequency and environment of origin to test the hypothesis that allelic variation at a given gene is adapted to local environments. Researchers may scan the genome for GEAs to generate hypotheses on adaptive genetic variants (environmental genome-wide association studies). Despite the rapid adoption of these methods, many important questions remain about the interpretation of GEA findings, which arise from fundamental unanswered questions on the genetic architecture of adaptation and limitations inherent to association-based analyses. We outline strategies to ground GEAs in the underlying hypotheses of genetic architecture and better test GEA-generated hypotheses using genetics and ecophysiology. We provide recommendations for new users who seek to learn about the molecular basis of adaptation. When combined with a rigorous hypothesis testing framework, GEAs may facilitate our understanding of the molecular basis of climate adaptation for plant improvement.
A small chromosomal inversion mediated by MITE transposons confers cleistogamy in Brassica napus
Authors: Wan Shubei , Yang Mao , Ni Fei , Chen Wenjing , Wang Yangming , Chu Pu , Guan Rongzhan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cleistogamy, self-pollination within closed flowers, can help maintain seed purity, accelerate breeding speed, and aid in the development of ornamental flowers. However, the mechanism underlying petal closing/opening behavior remains elusive. Here, we found that a Brassica napus petal closing/opening behavior was inherited in a Mendelian manner. Fine mapping and positional cloning experiments revealed that the Mendelian factor originated from a short (29.8 kb) inversion mediated by BnDTH9 miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) on chromosome C03. This inversion led to tissue-specific gene promoter exchange between BnaC03.FBA (BnaC03G0156800ZS encoding an F-Box-associated domain-containing protein) and BnaC03.EFO1 (BnaC03G0157400ZS encoding an EARLY FLOWERING BY OVEREXPRESSION 1 protein) positioned near the respective inversion breakpoints. Our genetic transformation work demonstrated that the cleistogamy originated from high tissue-specific expression of the BnaC03.FBA gene caused by promoter changes due to the MITE-mediated inversion. BnaC03.FBA is involved in the formation of an SCF (Skp1–Cullin–F-box) complex, which participates in ubiquitin-mediated protein targeting for degradation through the ubiquitin 26S-proteasome system. Our results shed light on a molecular model of petal-closing behavior.
The fates of different types of adipose tissue after transplantation in mice
Authors: Jiang Shenglu , Lin Jiayan , Zhang Qian , Liao Yunjun , Lu Feng , Cai Junrong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFat grafting is one of the most commonly applied procedure for soft‐tissue repair. However, it remains unclear whether the type of adipose tissue would have any effects on fat graft survival. The present study aimed to determine fates of fat grafting of three different types of fat tissue. In this study, mice were randomly divided into three groups, white adipose tissue (WAT) group, beige adipose tissue (beige AT) group and brown adipose tissue (BAT) group. Before transplantation, donor mice were injected with rosiglitazone or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). The WAT and BAT were obtained from PBS‐treated mice while beige AT was obtained from the rosiglitazone‐treated mice. Three types of fat tissue (150 mg each) were transplanted in three groups, respectively, and harvested at 2, 4 or 12 weeks. The BAT and beige AT contained smaller adipocytes and expressed higher level of uncoupling protein‐1 gene. The retention rate of the transplanted fat was significantly higher for beige than for white fat, but was significantly lower for brown than for white fat. Transplanted brown fat was characterized by upregulated inflammation and high endoplasmic reticulum stress. By contrast, fat grafts in beige AT group showed the best adipogenic capacity, moderate inflammation level and superior angiongenesis. In vitro, under hypoxic condition, fewer apoptotic cells were found in beige adipocyte group than that in brown and white adipocyte group. Conditioned medium from brown adipocytes induced M1 polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages while that from beige adipocytes effectively promoted M2 polarization. Therefore, we suggest that beige AT provides a new potential choice for fat grafting because of low inflammation and superior survival but BAT might not be ideal for fat grafting due to its poor survival.
Predictors of Higher-Order Affective Skills in Health Promotion Among Indonesian Nursing Students: Assessment and Evaluation
Authors: Damayanti Made Rini , Antari Gusti Ayu Ary , Diño Michael Joseph S. , Ong Irvin L. , Prapti Ni Ketut Guru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

AIM
We examined health-promoting lifestyle in undergraduate nursing students and its potential as a predictor of health-promoting behaviors and basis for curriculum improvement.

BACKGROUND
A health-promoting lifestyle is essential among students for their future nursing roles. Development requires the internalization of healthy behaviors beyond the cognitive learning domain.

METHOD
Guided by Pender’s health promotion model, this multisite, cross-sectional, and descriptive-correlational study surveyed 1,634 undergraduate nursing students in Bali, Indonesia.

RESULTS
The regression analysis revealed that student profiles explained the 5 percent variation in their overall health-promoting lifestyle. Perceived health status was observed to be a significant predictor (p < .05) of health-promoting behaviors among a diverse sample of undergraduate nursing students.

CONCLUSION
The study findings emphasize the role of nursing education in instilling healthy behaviors among undergraduate students and the importance of integrating student-centered and context-responsive health promotion strategies into the nursing curriculum.