bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among cardiac surgical patients towards Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) at tertiary care center.
Authors: Meena Danishwar , Chandolia Pramod , Patel Surendra , Sharma Prem Prakash , Das Anupam , Katti Madhusudan , MATHUR ANIRUDH , Gavade Devendra , Sharma Alok 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:Purpose: This study was conducted to assess
the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of cardiac surgical patients
towards the ongoing Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as they
are among the high-risk group for morbidity and mortality associated
with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was
conducted from September 2021 to November 2021 at a tertiary care
hospital in western Rajasthan. A total of 88 patients were enrolled, and
a questionnaire was created with 20 questions to assess KAP towards
COVID-19. The KAP of enrolled patients was compared according to age,
gender, place of residence, and education status. Results: A
total of 88 participants completed the survey questionnaire, of whom 41
were male, and 47 were female. The mean age of the participants was 41.5
years. The mean knowledge score of our study group was 21.49±7.42, the
mean attitude score was 4.08±1.84, and the mean practice score was
4.60±0.74. In the subgroup analysis, the difference in the knowledge
score was statistically significant (p<0.05) in different age
groups, however, the attitude and practice scores were comparable for
all the age groups. There was no difference in KAP scores concerning the
gender of the participants. KAP scores were significantly higher for the
participants residing in urban areas than those from rural places. The
KAP scores also showed a statistically significant relationship with the
education status of the population (p<0.001). The knowledge
score of the participants with graduation and above was 32.50±2.31,
whereas the illiterate subgroup scored 13.72±3.15. Similar results were
seen in the attitude and practice scores, with the mean values showing a
gradual rise with the education status of the study population.
Conclusion: This single-center KAP study on COVID-19 among
cardiac patients who are considered high risk was able to postulate a
comprehensive evaluation. The findings suggest that high-risk patients
have decent knowledge scores and an overall optimistic outlook on
surviving the pandemic. However, novel and far-reaching awareness
programs are required for patients who are less educated and reside in
rural areas as they are found to have lower KAP scores.
Keywords: KAP, COVID 19, Cardiac surgery, Knowledge, Attitude,
Practice
Protein Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Outcomes in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome: The ELIXA Biomarker Study
Authors: Gerstein Hertzel C. , Hess Sibylle , Claggett Brian , Dickstein Kenneth , Kober Lars , Maggioni Aldo P. , McMurray John J.V. , Probstfield Jeffrey L. , Riddle Matthew C. , Tardif Jean-Claude , Pfeffer Marc A. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
To use protein biomarkers to identify people with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular outcomes and death.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Biobanked serum from 4,957 ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial participants was analyzed. Forward-selection Cox models identified independent protein risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death that were compared with a previously validated biomarker panel.

RESULTS
NT-proBNP and osteoprotegerin predicted both outcomes. In addition, trefoil factor 3 predicted MACE, and angiopoietin-2 predicted death (C = 0.70 and 0.79, respectively, compared with 0.63 and 0.66 for clinical variables alone). These proteins had all previously been identified and validated. Notably, C statistics for just NT-proBNP plus clinical risk factors were 0.69 and 0.78 for MACE and death, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
NT-proBNP and other proteins independently predict cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes following acute coronary syndrome. Adding other biomarkers only marginally increased NT-proBNP’s prognostic value.
Metabolic, Intestinal, and Cardiovascular Effects of Sotagliflozin Compared With Empagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Posch Maximilian G. , Walther Niklas , Ferrannini Ele , Powell David R. , Banks Phillip , Wason Suman , Dahmen Raphael 
Published: July 2022

<p> </p>
<p>OBJECTIVE</p>
<p>Inhibiting sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLT) improves glycemic and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the differential impact of selective SGLT2 inhibition and dual inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2 on multiple parameters.</p>
<p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</p>
<p>Using a double-blind, parallel-group design, we randomized 40 patients with T2D and hypertension to receive the dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitor sotagliflozin 400 mg or the selective SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin 25 mg, with pre-existing antihypertensive treatment, for 8 weeks. In an in-house testing site, mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) and other laboratory and clinical evaluations were used to study metabolic, intestinal, cardiovascular, and urinary parameters over 24 hours.</p>
<p>RESULTS</p>
<p>Changes from baseline in glycemic and blood pressure control; intestinal, urine, and metabolic parameters; and cardiovascular biomarkers were generally similar with sotagliflozin and empagliflozin. During the breakfast MMTT, sotagliflozin significantly reduced incremental area under the curve (AUC) values for postprandial glucose, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and significantly increased incremental AUCs for postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) relative to empagliflozin, consistent with sotagliflozin-mediated inhibition of intestinal SGLT1. These changes waned during lunch and dinner MMTTs. Both treatments significantly lowered GIP incremental AUCs relative to baseline over the 14-hour MMTT interval; the most vigorous effect was seen with sotagliflozin soon after start of the first meal of the day. No serious or severe adverse events were observed.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p>Changes from baseline in glycemic and blood pressure control, cardiovascular biomarkers, and other parameters were comparable between sotagliflozin and empagliflozin. However, sotagliflozin but not empagliflozin inhibited intestinal SGLT1 after breakfast as shown by larger changes in postprandial glucose, insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 AUCs, particularly after breakfast. Additional study is warranted to assess the clinical relevance of transient SGLT1 inhibition and differences in incretin responses. </p>
Undiagnosed diabetes in US adults: Prevalence and Trends
Authors: Fang Michael , Wang Dan , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Confirmatory testing is recommended for diabetes diagnosis in clinical practice. However, national estimates of undiagnosed diabetes are based on single elevated test measures, potentially resulting in overestimation. Our objective was to update trends in undiagnosed diabetes using definitions consistent with clinical practice.</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods: </strong>We included 30,492 adults (aged≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-2020). Among adults without diagnosed diabetes, confirmed undiagnosed diabetes was defined as having both elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (≥126 mg/dl) and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (≥6.5%), and persistent undiagnosed diabetes was defined as having elevated HbA1c or FPG, adjusted for the within-person variability in HbA1c and FPG tests.</p>
<p><strong>Results</strong>: From 1988-1994 to 2017-2020, there was an increase in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (4.6% to 11.7%), but no change in prevalence of persistent undiagnosed diabetes (2.23% to 2.53%) or confirmed undiagnosed diabetes (1.10% to 1.23%). Consequently, the proportion of all diabetes cases that was undiagnosed declined from 32.8% to 17.8% (persistent undiagnosed diabetes) and 19.3% to 9.5% (confirmed undiagnosed diabetes). Undiagnosed diabetes was more prevalent in older and obese adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and those without healthcare access. Among persons with diabetes, Asian-Americans and those without healthcare access had the highest proportion of undiagnosed cases, with rates ranging from 23% to 61%.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: From 1988-2020, the proportion of diabetes cases that was undiagnosed declined substantially, suggesting major improvements in diabetes screening and detection. Undiagnosed diabetes currently affects 1-2% of US adults, up to 90% of all cases are diagnosed. </p>
Self-reference Lock-in Thermography for Detecting Defects in Metal Bridge Spans
Authors: Solovyev A. L. , Royak M. E. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Incipient fatigue damage in the metal superstructures of bridges creates certain threats to the safety of operation. Various methods of non-destructive testing are used for their timely detection and diagnosis. A modern and popular on-the-day solution is the method of infrared (IR) thermography. Due to the specifics of the operation of IR cameras, additional processing of recordings received from these cameras is required to obtain an accurate result. This work aims at presenting a method for processing thermofilms and describing the possibilities of its application under real conditions.Materials and Methods. A method for processing thermographic films was described. It provided detecting temperature anomalies using only information from the camera. The results of its application on the elements of existing metal bridge spans are presented.Results. It is shown that there are temperature anomalies for existing defects. This means that the defects continue to develop, which was confirmed by subsequent observations of their condition. In addition, a case of temperature anomaly in the defect-free external region was identified. This might be a sign of an incipient defect that could not be diagnosed by other methods. If the presence of this defect is confirmed during repeated examinations, it will be possible to diagnose hidden defects that have not yet come to the surface, and/or detect potentially collapsing places.Discussion and Conclusions. The IR thermography performance as a method of non-contact non-destructive testing is shown, as well as its operability on real objects under random load.
Study of the effect of cutting modes on output parameters under high-speed steel turn-milling
Authors: Matlygin D. A. , Savilov A. V. , Pyatykh A. S. , Timofeev S. A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article elucidates increasing the efficiency of turn-milling of powdered metal high-speed steel products. Turn-milling can be used as an alternative to the traditional turning method. The article describes advantages of the turn-milling method. A review of studies devoted to improving the surface quality of parts when turning by milling is given. The work aims at determining the effect of cutting modes on the surface roughness by the orthogonal turning method through milling powdered high-speed steel with a monolithic cutter.Materials and Methods. Statistical analysis methods based on the creation of a mathematical model for predicting microgeometric deviations of the treated surface were used. An experimental research method was applied to verify the adequacy of the mathematical model. The experiment was planned according to the non-composite design proposed by Box and Behnken. The experiment was carried out on a turning machining center with a driving tool. Powdered highspeed steel BÖHLER S390 MICROCLEAN was used as sample material for the experiment. A monolithic carbide milling cutter served as a cutting tool. During the experiment, the cutting speed, milling width, and feed per tooth varied. The roughness of the treated surface was measured by a contact profilometer.Results. A mathematical model of the formation of surface roughness depending on the processing modes was developed. During the experiments, the effect of cutting speed, tool feed, and radial cutting depth on the roughness of the treated surface was determined. It was established that the dependence of roughness on feed had a linear character over the entire investigated range of cutting modes. In turn, the dependence of roughness on the cutting speed and cutting width had a parabolic character. The results obtained allowed us to achieve the roughness of the treated surface Ra = 1.85 without reducing the processing performance. Discussion andConclusions. The developed mathematical model reflects the impact of cutting modes on the surface roughness when turning high-speed steel with a monolithic cutter. The results of the conducted research can be used to determine the optimal cutting modes that provide a given surface quality in the manufacture of real parts under the production conditions. It is recommended to continue the research with the control of additional output parameters, such as temperature and vibration. Reducing the effect of regenerative self-oscillations on the roughness of the treated surface can be reached through assigning the cutting modes based on the results of a modal analysis of the process system.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Gel Nanopartikel Perak
Authors: Edityaningrum Citra Ariani , Oktafiani Artika Tri , Widiyastuti Lina , Arimurni Dewa Ayu 
Published: July 2022

Nanopartikel perak diketahui dapat menembus membran sel bakteri penyebab jerawat dan menyebabkan kerusakan struktural yang berakibat pada kematian sel bakteri. Nanopartikel perak perlu diformulasikan dalam bentuk gel agar memudahkan dalam penggunaannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mensintesis nanopartikel perak dan memformulasikannya dalam bentuk gel. Sintesis nanopartikel perak dilakukan menggunakan metode reduksi kimia dengan reduktor natrium sitrat dan penstabil gelatin. Nanopartikel perak kemudian diformulasikan dalam sediaan gel dengan variasi konsentrasi HPMC 7%, 10%, dan 15%. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan telah terbentuk nanopartikel perak berdasarkan panjang gelombang maksimal yang terbentuk yaitu 430,2 nm, absorbansi 0,297, ukuran partikel 157,73±15,03 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,328±0,032, dan morfologi bulat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula 3 dengan konsentrasi HPMC 15% merupakan formula terbaik dengan sifat fisik berupa nilai viskositas 3931,75 ± 92,383 cps, diameter sebar 6,41 ± 0,06 cm dan daya sebar 22,78 ± 0,221 g.cm/detik, daya lekat 59,43 ± 1,158 detik, serta nilai pH 5,81 ± 0,04.
Penambatan Molekuler Senyawa Bioaktif Daun Wungu (Graptophyllum Pictum (L) Griff) sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Andrianto Dimas , Safithri Mega 
Published: July 2022

Melasma is a skin disorder characterized by hyperpigmentation of the skin in areas exposed to sunlight and is included in the dominant skin disorder category in several countries. Meanwhile, data from the Food and Drug Administration shows that cosmetic products have progressed from 0.01% to 57.4% in terms of registered products over the last six years. Currently, melasma treatment and cosmetic applications as a whitening agent were carried out by regulating tyrosinase activity through the use of compounds such as kojic acid which poses a health risk. Therefore, it was necessary to have other alternatives that can regulate tyrosinase activity without harming health. This study aimed to determine inhibitory effects of wungu leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff) bioactive component as an agent to inhibit tyrosinase activity through a molecular docking approach. A total of 28 wungu leaves bioactive components as a result of the analysis of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) were tested for their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity. Linolenic acid and phytol were ligands that have the best inhibition on tyrosinase enzyme activity with affinity energies of -5.8 kcal/mol and -5.4 kcal/mol, respectively, and inhibition constants of 55.718 M and 109.489 M.
Healing time of experimentally induced distal limb wounds in horses is not reduced by local injection of equine-origin liquid amnion allograft
Authors: Duddy Hugh R. , Schoonover Mike J. , Williams Megan R. , Rudra Pratyaydipta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of an equine-origin liquid amnion allograft (ELAA) derived from both amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane on the healing time of experimentally induced distal limb wounds in horses.

ANIMALS
8 adult horses.

PROCEDURES
On day 0, horses were anesthetized and a 2.5 X 2.5-cm, full-thickness skin wound was created on the dorsal aspect of each metacarpus and bandaged. On day 9, wound margins were injected with ELAA (treatment) or 0.9% NaCl (control). Bandages were changed at specific intervals through day 91 and, on each occasion, wounds were photographed to allow calculation of wound area. Exuberant granulation tissue was resected, if present. Wounds were deemed healed when completely epithelialized. Mean wound area was compared between groups throughout the study period.

RESULTS
Only 1 wound (control) remained unhealed at day 91. No difference was found between the treatment and control groups in either wound area over time (P = 1.0) or time for wounds to reduce in size by 95% (P = .2) Exuberant granulation tissue required resection twice (1 control wound and 1 treatment wound).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In this model, a single treatment with ELAA administered locally by SC injection did not accelerate distal limb wound healing in horses. However, it is possible that naturally occurring, chronic, or nonhealing wounds would respond differently.
Ageing of rural populations in Eastern Poland
Authors: Kiniorska Iwona , Pytel Sławomir 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A demographic view of the ageing process of a population provides an assessmentof the degree of development of this phenomenon and its dynamics at a given time in a given area, such as an administrative unit, a country or other territory. In this study, the main research aim was to assess the demographic situation of rural areas in Eastern Poland in the context of an ageing population. Changes in both the number of people and the demographic structure of the population living in the region were analysed. The time period of the research covered the years 2008-2020. Statistical data used in the study were derived from the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland. The assessment of the regional specificity of the processes of demographic changes in rural areas was based on the study of the relationships in the analyzed parameters, with the use of statistical measures defining the range of variability of the examined characteristics. In order to achieve the main aim of the study, a typology of the areas with a disturbed age structure was developed. Four groups of rural areas have been identified (labelled from A to D) which are characterised by varying degrees of advancement of the examined problem in 2020.
Spatial Trends of Grassland Changes Based on Hungarian Local Studies After 1990 with a Macro-Regional Perspective
Authors: Kovács Krisztina Filepné , Iváncsics Vera , Boromisza Zsombor , Valánszki István 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Grasslands contribute to the ecological diversity of our cultural landscapes. In the last centuries, the most important trend was a constant loss of this valuable asset due to urbanization and the intensification of cultivation. Studies focusing on grasslands are not so abundant, and especially analyses on the spatial trends of grasslands in Eastern-Central Europe are scarce. Focusing on Hungarian local studies, we analyze our results from a macro-regional perspective, with a draft study of the V4 countries (Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland). The authors employed GIS and statistical methods to analyze data to explore trends of changes of grasslands in V4 countries, Hungary, and in three micro-regions of different landscape character. These include an open landscape, partly intensively cultivated (micro-region of Csorna), and two more diverse landscapes with different proportion of forests (micro-regions of Gönc and Veszprém). Our results show that very complex, sometimes opposite processes influence the area of grasslands. In spite of the fact that an increase in the area of grasslands is witnessed at both the national and the international level in absolute values, recently, unfavorable processes have started, and there are certain landscapes where grasslands are threatened especially natural grassland by forestation and grasslands where soil conditions are suitable for crop production. Our results showed that despite the different landscape conditions, the majority of grassland has been turned into arable land and into shrubs and forest area. The loss of pastures due to urban sprawl is a dominant process just around the built-up area of city of Veszprém in the most urbanized study area.
Analysing the shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosure by determining aperture dimensions with particle swarm optimization
Authors: Güler Sunay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic shielding enclosure is used to protect electronic circuits against external EMI. Aperture on the enclosure, which is necessary for various reasons such as mounting connector, ventilation attenuates shielding effectiveness (SE) of the enclosure. Enlarging enclosure dimensions makes SE get better. Yet, they canot be designed so large due to weight and dimension considerations for EV. When the dimensions of the shielding enclosure remain fixed and the aperture is to have a particular area, it is essential to optimize aperture dimensions to increase SE. In this paper, an optimization methodology based on PSO is designed to obtain the optimal SE for a particular dimension range. The study also provides a comparative analysis between designed optimization methodology and the one based on genetic algorithm in the literature. Obtained SE results indicate that the optimization methodology establishes a very good agreement with the results in the literature. Moreover, it has faster convergence and higher calculation accuracy than GA and it utilizes a smaller number of parameters thanks to its simplicity. Finally, it is concluded that through designed optimization methodology in this study, SE of the enclosure can be raised by optimizing aperture dimensions when the dimensions of shielding enclosure remain fixed.
Nordic Concrete Research workshop: “Accelerated freeze-thaw testing of concrete”, Lyngby, 20th April 2022
Authors: Hasholt Marianne Tange , Frid Katja , Spörel Frank , Lahdensivu Jukka , Helsing Elisabeth , Müller Matthias , Faheem Abdul , Sleiman Sara Al Haj , Jacobsen Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A one-day Nordic Concrete Research workshop on “Accelerated freeze-thaw testing of concrete” attracted approx. 30 participants. The workshop included presentations on various aspects, such as observed frost damage in the field and the importance of the temperature curve during testing as well as other interactions with the surroundings of the concrete. The workshop also included examples of recent research, which can improve our knowledge about the frost damage mechanism and therefore provide input to improving the standardised test methods. The present paper is a summary of the nine presentations and the discussion arising from the presentations.