bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GUATEMALA GRASS (Tripsacum andersonii) HARVESTED AT THREE STAGES OF MATURITY IN GEDEO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Andualem Dereje , Hundessa Melaku 
Published: June 2022

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Background:</strong> Gedeo agroforestry is characterized as the integration of trees, crops and livestock on the same unit of land. Land scarcity is a common characteristic in the Gedeo agroforestry system. Hence integrating forage crops with the agroforestry system is one of the options to alleviate feed scarcity in the area. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate the biomass yield and nutritional value of Guatemala grass harvested at three stages of maturity: Early (120days), Mid (150days) and Late (180 days) cultivated at three different altitudes (high, medium and low). <strong>Methodology:</strong> A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. Morphological parameters and chemical composition were measured at each stage of maturity and altitude. <strong>Result:</strong> The results showed that the number of leaves per plant (NL), plant height (PH), leaf length (LL) and dry matter yield (DMY) exhibited (p&lt;0.05) an increasing trend as harvesting days were delayed. Contrarily the number of tillers (NT) showed (p&lt;0.05) decreasing trend as harvesting dates advanced. The highest (p&lt;0.05) CP (12.6±0.25%DM) was recorded at 120 days. The highest (p&lt;0.05) NDF (61.27±0.07%DM) and ADF (42.3±0.91%DM) were recorded at 180 days of harvesting. The highest (p&lt;0.05) IVDMD (56.7±1.97%) was recorded at 120 days of harvesting, whereas the least (p&lt;0.05) (48.0±2.06) was at 180 days of harvesting. Generally, as the harvesting date advanced, CP and IVDMD showed a decreasing trend, whereas the fiber content (ADF, NDF and ADL) showed an increasing trend. <strong>Implication:</strong> Based on the morphological characteristics and dry matter yield, the best harvesting stage of Guatemala grass was at the late (180days) stage of maturity. On the other hand, considering the chemical composition and IVDMD, the best harvest stage was at the early (120days) stage of maturity. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Cutting Guatemala grass at the proper growth stage is crucial for forage management. However, to fully utilize the potential of Guatemala grass, further studies on live animal experiments should be carried out.</p></div>
Method of Tissue Acquisition Affects Success of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling in Lung Cancer
Authors: Mata Douglas A. , Harries Lukas , Williams Erik A. , Hiemenz Matthew C. , Decker Brennan , Tse Julie Y. , Janovitz Tyler , Ferguson Donna C. , Speece Iain A. , Margolis Matthew L. , Mathews Benjamin , Fedorchak Kyle , Killian J. Keith , Xiao Jinpeng , Tolba Khaled A. , Ramkissoon Shakti , Vergilio Jo-Anne , Elvin Julia A. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Huang Richard S. P. 
Published: June 2022

Context.—Multiple procedural techniques can be used to obtain tissue to create a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen for comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in lung cancer. The literature is mixed on whether the procedure affects CGP success.Objective.—To examine whether biopsy procedure affects lung cancer CGP success.Design.—This was a cross-sectional study of all patients with lung cancer whose specimens were submitted for CGP between January and February 2020. Multiple quality control metrics were used to determine whether cases were successfully profiled.Results.—In all, 3312 samples were identified. Overall, 67.5% (2236 of 3312) of samples were obtained from biopsies, 13.0% (432 of 3312) from fine-needle aspirations (FNAs), 9.7% (321 of 3312) from resections, 5.3% (174 of 3312) from fluid cytology cell blocks, and 4.5% (149 of 3312) from bone biopsies. Overall, 70.1% (2321 of 3312) of cases passed CGP, 15.4% (510 of 3312) of cases were released as qualified reports, and 14.5% (481 of 3312) of cases failed CGP. Resection samples were the most likely to be successfully sequenced, failing in only 2.8% (9 of 321) of instances, while fluid cytology specimens were the least likely, failing in 23.0% (40 of 174) of instances. Biopsy (14.5% [324 of 2236]), FNA (18.5% [80 of 432]), and bone biopsy (18.8% [28 of 149]) specimens failed at intermediate frequencies. On multivariate logistic regression analysis of CGP success on specimen type, fluid cytology (odds ratio [OR], 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03–0.19), biopsy (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11–0.52), FNA (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06–0.32), and bone biopsy (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03–0.17) specimens had decreased odds of CGP success relative to resection samples. Among patients with successfully sequenced samples, 48.0% were eligible for at least 1 therapy, based on a companion diagnostic or National Comprehensive Cancer Network biomarker.Conclusions.—The method of tissue acquisition was an important preanalytic factor that determined whether a sample would be successfully sequenced and whether a clinically actionable genomic alteration would be detected.
S’énoncer en poésie à la frontière des genres. Étude à partir de 'Mariées rebelles' ['Wild Brides'], de Laura Kasischke (trad. Céline Leroy) et 'Le Dernier livre des enfants', d’Ariane Dreyfus
Authors: Turck Blanche 
Published: June 2022

Les études de genre et leur prise en compte dans les usages poétiques n’ont épargné ni les frontières des genres littéraires ni leurs propriétés. Dans le domaine de la poésie contemporaine, les présupposés concernant la figure complexe du « sujet lyrique » sont questionnés, afin d’inventer des usages plus critiques des postures énonciatives : quels procédés d’écriture cette notion de « sujet lyrique » recouvre-t-elle ? Quels corps et quelles représentations ce point de vue particulier fait-il émerger ? Nous nous appuierons sur le recueil traduit en français de Laura Kasischke, Mariées rebelles [Wild Brides, 1992], publié en 2017, ainsi que sur Le Dernier livre des enfants d’Ariane Dreyfus (2016) pour proposer quelques hypothèses concernant les manifestations expressives d’un sujet marqué du point de vue du genre (dans les deux sens du terme). La présence et l’étude conjointe de la traduction française permettront d’en cerner plus précisément les enjeux.
Penser la territorialité et l’identité africaines à travers la notion d’« itinérance » chez Achille Mbembe
Authors: Koumba Rolph Roderick 
Published: June 2022

La territorialité africaine, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd’hui, est fille de la colonisation. En effet, les frontières entre Etats et la notion d’Etat furent introduites en Afrique par les empires coloniaux européens afin de gérer leurs colonies. Cela ne fut pas sans incidence sur le rapport des Africains à l’espace et aux identités culturelles. Si dans la période précoloniale, la mobilité et l’intranquillité territoriale et identitaire constituaient les traits majeurs caractéristiques des sociétés africaines évoluant souvent en plein régime de l’itinérance territoriale et de l’itinérance identitaire, à l’époque coloniale, les choses furent, semble-t-il, différentes. Car les autorités coloniales ont tenté d’introduire l’immobilité là où il y avait la mobilité. Il faudra attendre la période post-coloniale, précisément le phénomène de la mondialisation, pour assister à un retour symbolique vers la mobilité précoloniale. La « révolution numérique » a joué un rôle essentiel d’autant plus qu’elle inaugure l’ère des identités transnationales et de la territorialité transnationale notamment avec l’ouverture accrue du continent africain au monde et de l’intégration du monde en Afrique.
Délocalisation spatiale et relocalisation identitaire chez Milan Kundera
Authors: Kheriji Rym 
Published: June 2022

Dans la plupart de ses romans, Milan Kundera met en scène un va-et-vient constant entre le territoire tchèque et d’autres pays essentiellement de l’Ouest, à travers les déplacements des personnages. Nous interrogeons ces flux d’im/migration centrifuge ou centripète (parfois ne dépassant pas le stade du simple projet) qui semblent participer à l’élaboration d’une poétique visant à établir un réseau de communication entre le déplacement spatial et le recentrement identitaire. Trois axes paraissent révélateurs du questionnement que l’auteur organise autour de cette problématique : d’abord la question de l’exil et/ou de l’immigration en tant que prétexte à l’évocation du rejet du pays natal et de la fuite des autres ou de soi ; ensuite celle de l’immigration à rebours qui se penche sur la perte et la reconquête de l’espace comme révélateurs de l’identité individuelle ; enfin, celle de la démystification de l’espace commun ou communautaire pour constituer un cheminement vers la réappropriation de soi. Nous partons de ce troisième axe dans une étude centrée sur la question de l’identité dans certains de ses romans.
Recovery of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) from Coagulated Ralstoniaeutropha Using a Chemical Digestion Method
Authors: Ryu Hee Wook , Cho Kyung‐Suk , Lee Eun Gyo , Chang Yong Keun 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFor economic recovery of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from culture broths of Ralstonia eutropha containing PHB, Al‐based and Fe‐based coagulants were used in the pretreatment step. The coagulated cells were then separated by centrifugation, and PHB was extracted by chemical digestion with a sodium hypochlorite/chloroform dispersion solution. The practical upper limits of dosage were found to be 1,500 mg‐Al/L and 1,000 mg‐Fe/L, respectively, for Al‐ and Fe‐based coagulants. When the harvested cells were treated with a 50% sodium hypochlorite/chloroform dispersion solution, PHB recovery and purity were 90−94% and 98−99%, respectively. The influence of the use of coagulants on the PHB recovery process was found to be insignificant. Despite the residual Al and Fe in the recovered PHB (less than 450 mg‐Al/kg‐PHB and 750 mg‐Fe/kg‐PHB, respectively), no detectable amounts of Al and Fe were leached from films made of the recovered PHB under acidic conditions. The use of Fe‐based coagulants is less recommended because the Fe impurity can cause an unwanted colorization problem in the final product.
Possible Role of Arachidonic Acid in Stress‐Induced Cytochrome P450IA1 Activity1
Authors: Mufti Naheed A. , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe have previously reported that a microcarrier‐attached human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line responds to hydrodynamic shear upon transfer to an agitated, clean, autoclaved spinner flask with a transient increase in cytochrome P450IA1 (CYPIA1) activity. Physiological changes induced by hydrodynamic stress could be problematic in the scaleup of microcarrier cultures. A better understanding of how stress alters cell physiology may assist in reactor scaleup. The induction of CYPIA1 activity was dependent on the agitation level of the cultures, and the level of CYPIA1 induction was comparable to that obtained with exposure to approximately 0.1 nM TCDD (2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin). It has been well documented that hydrodynamic shear stress can cause alterations in the metabolism of phospholipid membrane‐bound arachidonic acid (AA) in adherent cells in a parallel plate system. The present study was carried out to determine if either AA or a metabolite of AA was involved in the induction of CYPIA1 activity in the microcarrier cultures of Hep G2 cells. Addition of exogenous AA followed by initiation of the stress resulted in an increase in the level of CYPIA1 activity. Pretreatment of the cultures with quinacrine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, reduced the stress‐induced CYPIA1 activity. Furthermore, addition of propranolol, an inhibitor of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, resulted in an increase in the response in addition to sustaining the induced enzyme activity. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, or the lipoxygenase inhibitor, caffeic acid, had no effect on the response, suggesting that the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways were not involved in generating AA metabolites that alter CYPIA1 activity. The agent, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, blocks the monooxygenase pathway and blocks CYPIA1 activity increases. These observations suggest a possible mechanism where the stress on the cells induces phospholipase D, resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid which then activates phospholipase A2, resulting in the release of AA. Further, these results are consistent with a mechanism in which the metabolism of AA, most likely through the monooxygenase pathway, results in a metabolite that by a yet unknown mechanism induced CYPIA1.
Biofiltration of Air Containing Low Concentrations of Propene Using a Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Reij Martine W. , Hamann Erik K. , Hartmans Sybe 
Published: July 2002

AbstractVolatiles with a low water solubility are difficult to remove from air by biofiltration, especially when present in low concentrations, because the driving force for mass transfer into the aqueous phase is very small. We have used a microporous hydrophobic membrane as a support for biofilms that remove the poorly soluble propene from air. Two bacterial strains were compared, and the faster growing strain, Xanthobacter Py2, was selected to study biofilm formation and reactor performance at propene concentrations in the range encountered in off‐gas treatment. With a concentration of 200–350 ppm of propene in the gas phase a 20‐day start‐up period was required for the formation of a biofilm on the membrane. Once the biofilm had been established, continuous propene removal was tested over a range of concentrations. The amount of active biomass adapted to the amount of propene available. When the membrane bioreactor was operated with propene concentrations as low as 9–30 ppm in the gas phase, the propene removal rate was stable for several weeks, without the supply of any other source of carbon or energy to the microbial population.
Revised Technique for the Determination of Mean Incident Light Fluxes on Photobioreactors
Authors: Cornet Jean‐François , Marty Anne , Gros Jean‐Bernard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms in photobioreactors mainly occurs under limitation by radiant light energy transfer at a rate controlled by the total radiant light energy entering the reactor. Consequently, the mean incident radiant light flux onto the reactor is a key technical quantity in both kinetic and energetic studies of such processes. In this paper, a general revised method for determining the incident radiant light flux is proposed using a chemical actinometer, Reinecke's salt. New easy procedures are given for preparing the reactive salt and measuring the photoreaction rate. Additionally, a mathematical model makes it possible to apply the technique to different reactor geometries and lighting systems with no limiting operating conditions for the incident flux. The method gives accurate results and constitutes a simple, general and reliable method for evaluating the maximum performance of photobioreactors. It can also be a tool for developing monodimensional models for simulation.
Intracellular pH Monitoring as a Tool for the Study of Hybridoma Cell Behavior in Batch and Continuous Bioreactor Cultures
Authors: Cherlet Marc , Marc Annie 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe show in this paper the results obtained when studying the behavior of hybridoma cells by monitoring of the pHi during batch and continuous bioreactor cultures. A first set of experiments, consisting of a batch culture and a continuous culture at variable dilution rate, was set up under normal physiological operating conditions. Significant pHi variations were measured during these cultures. For the batch culture, maximal pHi values around 7.60 were associated with the middle of the growth phase, while lower values were found in the culture beginning and during the decay phase, respectively 7.47 and 7.40. For the continuous culture, pHi increased with increasing dilution rate, ranging between 7.40 and 7.60 for dilution rates between 0.010 and 0.040 h‐1. These pHi variations were found for both cultures to be linked to variations of the specific growth rate of the cells. The observed link between pHi and cell growth provided us a general framework for the study of the effect of suboptimal operating conditions on cell behavior, all having a particular interest in animal cell culture technology. First, our results indicate that a decrease of the medium pH of its normal value of 7.00 to 6.70 did not necessarily result in cytoplasmic acidification, at least not after prolonged exposition times in continuous culture, and this despite a pronounced growth inhibitory effect. This effect can therefore rather be explained by the combination of the increased demand for maintenance energy associated with the higher ΔpH gradient maintained across the cell membrane and the decreased supply of energy, in particular via the glucose metabolism. Second, our results indicate that also increased ammonium ion concentrations do not lower pHi. This observation, together with the results of batch cultures carried out at a more alkaline pH, indicates that the form NH3, and not the form NH4+, has a negative effect on cell growth of our hybridoma cell line. Third, in the case of an osmolality increase, a significant pHi increase was observed, with mean values of 7.35 at the lower osmolalities 335 and 370 mOsm/kg and 7.45 at the higher osmolalities of 400, 425, and 450 mOsm/kg. This higher pHi might account at least partially for the increased monoclonal antibody production observed at hyperosmolality and coincided furthermore with a faster glutamine consumption rate.
Comments on the Mechanism of Microbial Cell Disruption in High‐Pressure and High‐Speed Devices
Authors: Shirgaonkar Irfan Z. , Lothe Rakesh R. , Pandit Aniruddha B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe dominant mechanism for microbial cell disruption in a high‐pressure homogenizer and a high‐speed homogenizer used in this study has been identified. It was found that the cavity collapse and the pressure pulse resulting from such a collapse have a significant influence on the rates of cell disruption. The similarities among the operating conditions for the decomposition of the aqueous KI solution to liberate iodine, the reaction occurring only under cavitating conditions, and that required for the substantial disruption of microbial cells have been pointed out. The liberation of iodine by the aqueous KI decomposition is treated as evidence of cavitation, and hence microbial cell disruption occurring at an identical discharge pressure confirms the mechanism of cell disruption as cavitation, in the high‐pressure homogenizer valve. In the case of the high‐speed homogenizer, shear and cavitation both play a significant role in cell disruption.
Arachnoiditis associated with arachnoid cyst formation and cord tethering following myelography: Magnetic resonance features
Authors: Shah Jeshil , Patkar Deepak , Parmar Hemant , Prasad Srinivasa , Varma Ravi 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARYThe reported incidence of clinically significant arachnoiditis following oil‐based contrast media myelography is approximately 1%. The incidence of arachnoiditis in the dorsal spine is even more rare. Acquired arachnoid cyst formation can occur with arachnoiditis of various aetiologies. A case is presented of a patient with chronic backache, radiculopathy, weakness and muscle wasting, who had undergone myelography with oil‐based contrast media about 28 years ago. There was no history of spinal surgery, spinal canal stenosis, disc disease or trauma, all of which are known to increase the risk of arachnoiditis. Magnetic resonance imaging features are presented in this case of arachnoiditis with arachnoid cyst formation, and cord tethering.
High impact of nephropathy on five‐year mortality rates among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus from a multi‐ethnic population in New Zealand
Authors: Simmons D. , Schaumkel J. , Cecil A. , Scott D. J. , Kenealy T. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aims Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications are common among Polynesians in New Zealand. This study investigated the mortality from diabetes among indigenous Maori and recent migrants from the South Pacific. Methods Death certificates and other reports were collected to enumerate those who had died in an across‐community cohort study of 765 diabetic patients aged 40–79 years in 1991. Five year mortality status was ascertained in 99.7% and death certificates were obtained from 129 (88%) of the 146 who had died. Diabetes was missed from 36% of death certificates. Results Compared to Europeans with Type 2 diabetes, Maori with Type 2 diabetes were 2.66 (1.63–4.35) fold as likely to die from diabetes‐related conditions, including a 13.1 (3.7–46.4) fold greater risk of death from nephropathy. Pacific Islands Polynesians with Type 2 diabetes had a similar mortality to Europeans with Type 2 diabetes (hazards ratio 1.06 (0.68–1.65)). After 6 years, 10.7 (2.2–19.3)% more Maori had died than Pacific Islands Polynesians. Conclusions Maori with Type 2 diabetes are dying from diabetic compli‐cations, particularly nephropathy, at an alarming rate. The magnitude of the difference between Maori and Pacific Islands Polynesians suggests environmental rather than inherited factors are involved and these need further investigation.
Neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectral study of the Nd2Fe16TiCx solid solutions
Authors: Marasinghe G. K. , Ezekwenna Peter C. , James W. J. , Long Gary J. , Pringle O. A. , Hu Z. , Yelon W. B. , Grandjean F. 
Published: July 2002

Three samples of Nd2Fe16TiCx, with x equal to 0.0, 0.3, and 2.8, with the Th2Zn17-type rhombohedral structure, have been studied by powder x-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetic measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Nd2Fe16Ti and Nd2Fe16TiC0.3 were synthesized by induction melting stoichiometric amounts of the constituent elements, whereas Nd2Fe16TiC2.8 was synthesized by methane-derived gas phase insertion of carbon into finely ground Nd2Fe16Ti at 600 K. The neutron diffraction determined titanium site occupancies are similar in both Nd2Fe16Ti and Nd2Fe16TiC2.8 in which titanium preferentially occupies the 6c transition metal site. In contrast, the titanium occupancies in Nd2Fe16TiC0.3 are markedly different in that titanium avoids the 6c transition metal site and randomly occupies the other three transition metal sites. This difference in occupancies most likely occurs because the titanium diffusion rate during the quenching of Nd2Fe16TiC0.3 is affected by the presence of carbon in the melt. Even though the unit cell volume of Nd2Fe16TiC2.8 is larger than that of Nd2Fe17N3, the 615 K Curie temperature of Nd2Fe16TiC2.8 is much lower than the 746 K Curie temperature of Nd2Fe17N3. This is an indication that the volume expansion, which occurs upon nitrogenation of R2Fe17, is not the only factor which contributes to the increase in the Curie temperature. The Mössbauer spectra of Nd2Fe16Ti confirm the high preferential titanium occupancy of the 6c site.
At 85 K the weighted average hyperfine field of Nd2Fe16Ti is approximately 263 kOe, a value which is 33 kOe smaller than that in Nd2Fe17. The 85 K Mössbauer spectrum of Nd2Fe16TiC0.3 is virtually identical to that of Nd2Fe17 and indicates an approximately random titanium occupancy of the four transition metal sites.