bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Solid Alkylation: Highly Recyclable, Flow Chemistry‐Ready, Resin‐Supported Thioimidazoliums Alkylate Sulfur‐Centered Nucleophiles
Authors: Cataldo Vincenzo Alessandro , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Mohammadzadeh Sanam , Guterman Ryan , Trant John F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of readily regenerable thioimidazolium‐based ionic liquids, which can transfer alkyl groups to nucleophiles, are immobilized on crosslinked polystyrene beads. Different alkyl groups can be loaded onto the resin, highlighting the tunability of the material. The efficiency of these materials is demonstrated by their screening against a series of nucleophiles, showing a particular preference for thiols. Finally, these materials were evaluated for use under continuous flow conditions. The flexibility, ease of use, safety, and recyclability of these alkylating resins shows promise for their use in large scale and automated applications.
Schiff Bases and Multidentate Organic Compounds as Fluorescent Sensors of Al3+: Photophysical, Fluorescent Bioimaging and the Mechanisms
Authors: Berrones‐Reyes Jessica C. , Muñoz‐Flores Blanca M. , Treto‐Suárez Manuel A. , Hidalgo‐Rosa Yoan , Schott Eduardo , Páez‐Hernández Dayán , Gurubasavaraj Prabhuodeyara M. , Zarate Ximena , Jiménez‐Pérez Víctor M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth crust and so far, there is no evidence on an important role in the human body. However, the relation of aluminium exposure on human health and aluminium‐related diseases is well known. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent advances on multidentate organic compounds such as naphthalene, coumarin, quinoline, Schiff bases, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, rhodamine, pyrene carbazole, and julolidine derivatives as Al3+ fluorescent sensor starting from an analytical viewpoint (sensibility, selectivity), their application in fluorescent bioimaging in vitro or/and in vivo, and photophysical mechanisms.
4,4‐Difluorospiro[2.2]pentan‐1‐yl – A Fluorinated Substituent To Expand the Synthetic and Medicinal Chemists’ Toolbox
Authors: Melnykov Kostiantyn P. , Voloshyna Olena V. , Vashchenko Bohdan V. , Demchuk Oleksandr P. , Hryshchuk Oleksandr V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFunctionalized 4,4‐difluorospiro[2.2]pentan‐1‐yl derivatives are proposed as promising building blocks for synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Scalable, efficient, and diastereoselective approach to their preparation via the difluorocyclopropanation of (2‐methylenecyclopropyl)methanol is developed. Stability of the title scaffolds towards common reaction conditions is confirmed by a series of typical functional group transformations. Physicochemical characteristics (pKa, logP, and aqueous solubility) and structural features of the key 4,4‐difluorospiro[2.2]pentan‐2‐yl derivatives are established and compared with those of non‐fluorinated analog, 2,2‐difluorinated isomer, as well as monocyclic gem‐difluorinated counterparts.
Research on driving visual comfort of two‐lane mountainous road based on traffic safety evaluation
Authors: Meng Yunwei , Cai Hongqi , Chen Lei , Liu Tangzhi , Zheng Shilun , Zheng Boren , Qing Guangyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to obtain the quantitative relationship between multisource data from road landscape and driving visual comfort in two‐lane mountainous road, we collected the driver's eye movement data and road environment data through real vehicle tests. The threshold segmentation method and the target landscape area ratio method are used to process the visual image, and the spatial enclosure degree is used to express the driver's sense of spatial closure. In addition, an HSV color model is established to characterize the driver's visual perception of the mountain highway landscape environment. Combining the target landscape area ratio of road landscape with the amount of color information, the calculation method of road landscape information is obtained. According to the characteristics of normal distribution of pupil area ratio, five grades of driver's visual comfort level are proposed, and the regression relationship between comfort level and landscape information is established. The study found that there is a significant negative correlation between the amount of road landscape information and the driver's visual comfort. When the amount of road landscape information is less than 0.338, the driving comfort is higher, which is conducive to driving safety. However, when the amount of landscape information in the road area exceeds 0.644, the driving comfort decreases significantly, which is detrimental to driving safety.
From model selection to maps: A completely design‐based data‐driven inference for mapping forest resources
Authors: Di Biase Rosa Maria , Fattorini Lorenzo , Franceschi Sara , Grotti Mirko , Puletti Nicola , Corona Piermaria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA completely data‐driven, design‐based sampling strategy is proposed for mapping a forest attribute within the spatial units tessellating a survey region. Based on sample data, a model is selected, and model parameters are estimated using least‐squares criteria for predicting the attribute of interest within units as a linear function of a set of auxiliary variables. The spatial interpolation of residuals arising from model predictions is performed by inverse distance weighting. The leave‐one‐out cross validation procedure is adopted for selecting the smoothing parameter used for interpolation. The densities of the attributes of interest within units are estimated by summing predictions and interpolated residuals. Finally, density estimates are rescaled to match the total estimate over the survey region obtained by the traditional regression estimator with the total estimate obtained from the map as the sum of the density estimates within units. A bootstrap procedure accounts for the uncertainty. The consistency of the strategy is proven by incorporating previous results. A simulation study is performed and an application for mapping wood volume densities in the forest estate of Rincine (Central Italy) is described.
Sustainable management of fall armyworm in smallholder farming: The role of a multi‐channel information campaign in Rwanda
Authors: Tambo Justice A. , Uzayisenga Bellancile , Mugambi Idah , Onyango David O. , Romney Dannie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has emerged as one of the most serious invasive species in many countries across Africa, Asia and Oceania. The pest is causing extensive damage to maize production and the intensification of pesticide use. In this paper, we examined the effectiveness of three mass‐extension channels (plant health rallies, radio drama and SMS) in enhancing farmers' knowledge and management of FAW and in increasing maize productivity. Applying matching techniques to data from 720 smallholder farmers and 1077 maize plots in Eastern Rwanda, we found that exposure to the information channels is significantly associated with increased knowledge outcomes, including knowledge of the correct identification of FAW and the use of cultural practices as the first resort to pest management. Moreover, the information channels showed positive effects on the adoption of environmentally friendly management practices. Generally, the treatment effects are larger for households exposed to multiple (especially all) channels, indicating complementary effects of the channels. We also found suggestive evidence that the information channels are associated with maize yield increases ranging from 10% to 34%, depending on the channel. Overall, the results imply that multi‐channel information campaigns can be effective in enhancing farmers' knowledge on how to identify and sustainably manage the FAW pest. Our findings also suggest that while there is a growing popularity in the use of digital extension approaches to deliver timely information to farmers in a cost‐effective manner, much greater gains can be achieved if they are combined with other low‐cost face‐to‐face extension methods, such as plant health rallies.
Indurated soil nodules: A vestige of ancient agricultural practices?
Authors: Giosa Alain , Delbey Thomas , Menbrivès Clément , Rasmussen Kaare L. , Elliott Michelle , Petit Christophe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe identification of controlled fires in ancient agricultural systems is important for understanding how past societies managed the landscape. Although the use of fire in agriculture is documented in recent historical records, and combustion markers can persist in soils over a long time scale, this is a complex issue because combustion traits in general are ubiquitous. Archaeopedological surveys undertaken in an ancient forest in Burgundy (France) have led to the recovery of several red indurated nodules scattered in the soils. Gallo‐Roman housing structures and parcels were recognized using light detection and ranging mapping, stimulating questions about the understanding of the nature of these nodules. Elemental and structural analyses by X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the local origin of these features by comparing their composition with on‐site sediments, and thermoluminescence dating placed the samples in the Medieval period. The results cast light on the nature of the nodules and how they can be related to controlled fires used in agricultural practices. Even though questions remain about which processes lead to the formation of the nodules, the firing temperature estimated via XRD analysis seems to be in agreement with that used in the “paring‐and‐burning” technique. The present study provides new information about medieval agriculture practices from the 10th to the 12th centuries CE and shows how past societies managed the opening and maintenance of agricultural fields using natural resources and “archaeological” remains from the antique period.
Life near the water: Geoarchaeological investigation of site formation processes and occupation patterns at the near‐bank mound of Liangzhu City, China
Authors: Lian Huiru , Égüez Natalia , Chen Minghui , Yan Kaikai , Wang Yonglei , Wang Ningyuan , Liu Bin , French Charles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Liangzhu City site, located in the center of the Liangzhu Culture (3300–2300 cal. BC), is characterized by gigantic earthen mounds containing about 10 million m3 of earth, as well as crisscrossed waterways that flow through the mounds. This study presents a geoarchaeological study of a mound structure adjacent to the South Zhongjiagang channel of Liangzhu City. By applying soil micromorphological and associated bulk sedimentological analyses, this study reconstructed the site formation processes and multiple occupations of the mound structure together with related hydrological changes. The results suggest that this site is in a near‐bank activity area formed due to the build‐up of sequential settlement buildings and activity deposits. At least six intact activity surfaces have been recognized based on the presence of intact matting materials and the trampling of fine anthropogenic debris. This study thus reports the first detailed micromorphological study of Neolithic floor sequences in East China. In addition, lipid and isotope analyses of the plant material shed light on how Liangzhu people exploited grass materials, especially bamboo, for both long‐term and short‐term occupation near waterways. This study has demonstrated the potential of micromorphological studies for reconstructing site formation processes and identifying different types of human activities in a landscape that was highly modified by Neolithic people. The findings have far‐reaching implications for archaeological research around the Tai Lake region and investigations of other large earthen mound archaeological sites around the world.
Neuromodulation of the right temporoparietal junction alters amygdala functional connectivity to authority pressure
Authors: Cheng Yawei , Chen Yu‐Chun , Fan Yang‐Teng , Chen Chenyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPast historical events and experimental research have shown that complying with orders from an authority has a strong impact on harming/destructive behavior, but no one has ever looked into the potential intervention and its neural underpinning to reveal the toll of coercion. We used a paradigm of virtual obedience to authority, in which an experimenter ordered a volunteer to press a handheld button to initiate actions that carried different consequences, including harming or helping others. In this study, we scanned the brain with functional neuroimaging and applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate the activation of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in healthy volunteers in a single‐blinded, sham‐controlled, crossover trial with anodal, cathodal, and sham stimulation. We observed that cathodal stimulation, compared to anodal and sham stimulation, significantly reduced reaction times (RTs) to initiating harming actions. The effect of tDCS on the rTPJ, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex had opposite directions depending on coercive harming or helping actions. Cathodal tDCS‐induced changes in the strength of the functional connectivity between the rTPJ and amygdala predicted the effect of cathodal tDCS on harming RTs. The findings provide evidence supporting the rTPJ having a role in coercion‐induced changes in the sense of agency. Neuromodulation with tDCS might help in unveiling the power of authority and assisting in the emergence of prosocial behavior, thus shedding light on coping strategies against coercion beyond merely examining its effects.
Mouse model of NASH that replicates key features of the human disease and progresses to fibrosis stage 3
Authors: St. Rose Kristy , Yan Jun , Xu Fangxi , Williams Jasmine , Dweck Virginia , Saxena Deepak , Schwabe Robert F. , Caviglia Jorge Matias 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States and the world; with no Food and Drug Administration–approved pharmacological treatment available, it remains an area of unmet medical need. In nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the most important predictor of clinical outcome is the fibrosis stage. Moreover, the Food and Drug Administration recommends that clinical trials for drugs to treat this disease include patients with fibrosis stage 2 or greater. Therefore, when using animal models for investigating the pathophysiology of NAFLD and for the preclinical evaluation of new drugs, it is important that the animals develop substantial fibrosis. The aim of this study was to develop a mouse model of NAFLD that replicated the disease in humans, including obesity and progressive liver fibrosis. Agouti yellow mutant mice, which have hyperphagia, were fed a Western diet and water containing high‐fructose corn syrup for 16 weeks. Mice became obese and developed glucose intolerance. Their gut microbiota showed dysbiosis with changes that replicate some of the changes described in humans with NASH. They developed NASH with activity scores of 5–6 and fibrosis, which was stage 1 after 16 weeks, and stage 3 after 12 months. Changes in liver gene expression assessed by gene‐set enrichment analysis showed 90% similarity with changes in human patients with NASH. Conclusion: Ay mice, when fed a Western diet similar to that consumed by humans, develop obesity and NASH with liver histology, including fibrosis, and gene expression changes that are highly similar to the disease in humans.
Health‐promoting pedagogy: Using reflexivity to support learning and action in planetary health education
Authors: Hickman Amy Christine , Johnson Rebecca Lauren , Lawler Sheleigh Patricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedInternational competencies for health promotion education require ethical practice that is supported by reflexive health promotion practitioners, yet professional bodies do not codify how health promotion curriculum should support students' skill development in reflexive practice.MethodsReflexivity in teaching and learning was scaffolded through short, progressive reflective blogs assessments, supportive feedback/feedforward mechanisms, and nested assessment design.ResultsStudent feedback is offered to demonstrate the impact of reflexive pedagogy in health promotion education.ConclusionReflexivity in teaching and learning supports students in learning the role of health promotion in planetary health and developing skills in planetary health advocacy.So WhatExplicitly teaching the practice and process of critical reflexivity can help students develop personal insight, support professional practice, and promote positive change in the health of people and our planet.
Tail artifacts removal of three‐dimensional optical coherence tomography angiography with common parts extraction method
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , He Bin , Wu Yangkang , Tao Yuxiu , Zhu Fu , Cai Wenchao , Liu Ning , Zhao Qiang , Xue Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), each blood vessel has a tail artifact. These tails of superficial vessels will shadow underlying the deep vascular images and make it difficult to reconstruct the three‐dimensional (3D) image of the vessels. As 3D structure can provide much more information than two‐dimensional (2D) images, it is important to develop a method to remove the artifacts. In this letter, we introduce an image processing technique based on common parts extraction to remove the artifacts. With the help of subtraction operation and erode operation, our method can reconstruct the 3D image of vascular network by extracting the common parts of adjacent B‐Scan OCTA images. Vessels of palm are used as samples to experimentally demonstrate our technique. In the 3D image, we can see the interesting phenomenon that the ends of the blood vessels which close to the surface of the skin point toward the surface.
Bio‐fabricated chromium (III) oxide nanorods for catalytic and bactericidal applications in water treatment
Authors: Bukhari Syeda Farah , Ali Syed Nawazish , Dildar Nazish , Tauseef Saima , Khan Salman Tariq , Sara  , Zia Ambreen , Hasan Erum , Ali Sundus , Shehzadi Mehreen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe treatment of chemical and biological contaminants in water through bio‐fabricated metal nanoparticles is one of the promising sustainable methods. Herein, an efficient synthesis of novel chromium oxide nanorods is introduced by Illicium verum fruit extract as a bio‐reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent. The morphological, optical, catalytic, and bactericidal properties of nanorods are investigated by various techniques. The UV–visible spectra displayed strong absorption peak in the region of 309.8 nm, whereas Fourier transform infrared presented the characteristic vibrations at 605.65 and 651.94 cm−1 attributed to CrO binding mode. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that chromium oxide nanoparticles are well‐dispersed with small rod‐shaped morphology. The average size of nanorods was found to be ~15 to 20 nm in length. Due to their ultra‐large surface area and strong π–π interaction, the plant‐coated nanorods were tested for the catalytic removal of methyl orange (MO), a common water‐soluble textile dye. Adsorption potential of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was monitored by UV–visible spectrophotometer, which showed 90–95% successive decrease in the absorption maxima of aqueous MO (1 μM). The elimination rate of MO was drastically improved from 45 to 30 min, while a combination of Cr2O3 nanorods and sodium borohydride NaBH4 was used. Bactericidal activities of these nanorods were tested against vast number of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The significant results were obtained with 27 mm zone of inhibition against Klebsiella. oxytoca and Serratia. marcescens. This quick and simple procedure can be scaled up for commercial applications of new, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective water treatment process.
αvβ1 integrin is enriched in extracellular vesicles of metastatic breast cancer cells: A mechanism mediated by galectin‐3
Authors: Zhang Daniel Xin , Dang Xuan T. T. , Vu Luyen Tien , Lim Claudine Ming Hui , Yeo Eric Yew Meng , Lam Brenda Wan Shing , Leong Sai Mun , Omar Noorjehan , Putti Thomas Choudary , Yeh Yu Chen , Ma Victor , Luo Jia‐Yuan , Cho William C. , Chen Gang , Lee Victor Kwan Min , Grimson Andrew , Le Minh T. N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreast cancer cells release a large quantity of biocargo‐bearing extracellular vesicles (EVs), which mediate intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment and promote metastasis. To identify EV‐bound proteins related to metastasis, we used mass spectrometry to profile EVs from highly and poorly metastatic breast cancer lines of human and mouse origins. Comparative mass spectrometry indicated that integrins, including αv and β1 subunits, are preferentially enriched in EVs of highly metastatic origin over those of poorly metastatic origin. These results are consistent with our histopathological findings, which show that integrin αv is associated with disease progression in breast cancer patients. Integrin αv colocalizes with the multivesicular‐body marker CD63 at a higher frequency in the tumour and is enriched in circulating EVs of breast cancer patients at late stages when compared with circulating EVs from early‐stage patients. With a magnetic bead‐based flow cytometry assay, we confirmed that integrins αv and β1 are enriched in the CD63+subsets of EVs from both human and mouse highly metastatic cells. By analysing the level of integrin αv on circulating EVs, this assay could predict the metastatic potential of a xenografted mouse model. To explore the export mechanism of integrins into EVs, we performed immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry and identified members of the galectin family as potential shuttlers of integrin αvβ1 into EVs. In particular, knockdown of galectin‐3, but not galectin‐1, causes a reduction in the levels of cell surface integrins β1 and αv, and decreases the colocalization of these integrins with CD63. Importantly, knockdown of galectin‐3 leads to a decrease of integrin αvβ1 export into the EVs concomitant with a decrease in the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of the integrin αvβ1 complex leads to a reduction in the binding of EVs to fibronectin, suggesting that integrin αvβ1 is important for EV retention in the extracellular matrix. EVs retained in the extracellular matrix are taken up by fibroblasts, which differentiate into cancer associated fibroblasts. In summary, our data indicate an important link between EV‐bound integrin αvβ1 with breast cancer metastasis and provide additional insights into the export of integrin αvβ1 into EVs in the context of metastasis.
Synthesis of novel 9‐amino/aryl/oxo‐2‐(het)arylthiazolo[4,5‐b]quinolines via palladium catalyzed N‐arylation‐cyclization protocol
Authors: Iniyavan Pethaperumal , Avadhani Anusha , Kumar Yogendra , Chakravarthy Arkalagud Satyanarayana Jeevan , Palluruthiyil Mary Antony , Ila Hiriyakkanavar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn efficient approach for the facile synthesis of novel hitherto unexplored 2‐(het)aryl‐9‐amino/aryl‐thiazolo[4,5‐b]quinolines and the corresponding thiazolo[4,5‐b]quinolin‐9(4H)‐ones via synthetic elaboration of 2‐substituted‐4‐amino‐5‐cyano/aroyl/carboethoxy thiazoles have been developed. The overall strategy involves palladium catalyzed N‐arylation of these 4‐aminothiazoles to the corresponding 4‐(N‐aryl)thiazoles, and their subsequent triflic acid mediated intramolecular‐cyclocondensation to the target compounds. This new and straightforward protocol displays broad substrate scope, and is applicable for the synthesis of 9‐amino/aryl and 9‐(4H)quinolones from the respective 5‐cyano/aroyl/carboethoxy thiazoles in good yields.