bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Properties of the Soft X-Ray Transient MAXI J0637−430 Using AstroSat
Authors: Thomas Neal Titus , Gudennavar Shivappa B. , Misra Ranjeev , Bubbly S. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Soft X-ray transients are systems that are detected when they go into an outburst, wherein their X-ray luminosity increases by several orders of magnitude. These outbursts are markers of the poorly understood change in the spectral state of these systems from the low/hard state to the high/soft state. We report the spectral properties of one such soft X-ray transient: MAXI J0637−430, with data from the SXT and LAXPC instruments on board the AstroSat mission. The source was observed for a total of ∼60 ks in two observations on 2019 November 8 and 21 soon after its discovery. Flux-resolved spectral analysis of the source indicates the presence of a multicolor blackbody component arising from the accretion disk and a thermal Comptonization component. The stable low temperature (∼0.55 keV) of the blackbody component points to a cool accretion disk with an inner disk radius of the order of a few hundred kilometers. In addition, we report the presence of a relativistically broadened Gaussian line at 6.4 keV. The disk-dominated flux and photon power-law index of ⪆2 and a constant inner disk radius indicate the source to be in the soft state. From the study we conclude that MAXI J0637−430 is a strong candidate for a black hole X-ray binary.
A New Iron Emission Template for Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Optical Template for the Hβ Region*
Authors: Park 박 Daeseong 대성 , Barth Aaron J. , Ho Luis C. , Laor Ari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a new empirical template for iron emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) covering the 4000–5600 Å range. The new template is based on a spectrum of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 493 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. In comparison with the canonical iron template object I Zw 1, Mrk 493 has narrower broad-line widths, lower reddening, and a less extreme Eddington ratio, making it a superior choice for template construction. We carried out a multicomponent spectral decomposition to produce a template incorporating all the permitted and forbidden lines of Fe ii identified in the Mrk 493 spectrum over this wavelength range, as well as lines from Ti ii, Ni ii, and Cr ii. We tested the template by fitting it to AGN spectra spanning a broad range of iron emission properties, and we present a detailed comparison with fits using other widely used monolithic and multicomponent iron emission templates. The new template generally provides the best fit (lowest χ
2) compared to other widely used monolithic empirical templates. In addition, the new template yields more accurate spectral measurements including a significantly better match of the derived Balmer line profiles (Hβ, Hγ, Hδ), in contrast with results obtained using the other templates. Our comparison tests show that the choice of iron template can introduce a systematic bias in measurements of the Hβ line width, which consequently impacts single-epoch black hole mass estimates by ∼0.1 dex on average and possibly up to ∼0.3–0.5 dex individually.
The Mid-UV Spectrum of Irradiated NaCl at Europa-like Conditions
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Denman William T. P. , Trumbo Samantha K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent observations from the Hubble Space Telescope show a mid-UV absorption feature localized to leading-hemisphere chaos regions on Europa. The same regions were previously found to have a visible absorption at 450 nm that was attributed to the presence of irradiated NaCl. The lack of any additional diagnostic absorptions for NaCl in the visible spectrum of these terrains made confirmation of this identification difficult. Here we use laboratory experiments to show that NaCl irradiated at Europa’s surface temperatures develops an absorption at ∼220 nm, consistent with the new detection in Europa’s mid-UV spectrum, strongly supporting the NaCl identification. Irradiated NaCl in leading-hemisphere chaos terrain would suggest that sodium and chlorine are important components of Europa’s subsurface ocean.
For a Fistful of Barley: More on the Remuneration of Scribes and State Taxation in the Neo-Babylonian Eanna Temple
Authors: Jursa Michael , Levavi Yuval 
Published: February 2022

Cet article retrace l’évolution de l’institution de l’ upnu dans le temple d’Eanna du IX e au VI e siècle avant notre ère. À l’origine, il s’agissait d’une taxe prélevée par le scribe du temple sur les transactions et les dépenses internes du temple. Le paiement de l’ upnu a été converti en un impôt payable à la couronne au plus tard sous Nabonide, mais peut-être déjà un peu plus tôt, sous Nabuchodonosor. Cette évolution est un autre aspect du long processus par lequel Eanna a été placé sous un contrôle royal de plus en plus étroit au VI e siècle.
La variation traitée et modélisée pour une langue standardisée : le métadiscours registral dans les manuels de FLE
Authors: Axampanopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: February 2022

Dans cet article, il est question du traitement de la variation dans les matériaux didactiques et, en particulier, dans les manuels de français langue étrangère (FLE) édités en France, qui circulent largement sur l’échelle internationale et offrent un support essentiel pour l’enseignement et la diffusion du français en dehors de l’Hexagone. En partant du fait, couramment observé dans les manuels, que la variation y est majoritairement traitée en termes de registres de langue, on s’intéresse aux aspects et aux effets de ce métadiscours à propos de la langue et de sa variation, créateur de ces découpages sociolinguistiques. En raison de son mode de structuration spécifique, la langue étant à la fois son objet et le moyen essentiel de son actualisation, ce métadiscours est analysé ici dans ses variantes et sa visée à l’aide de la notion de réflexivité, telle qu’elle est élaborée récemment dans le domaine de l’anthropologie linguistique. L’étude des opérations réflexives – linguistiques et, plus largement, sémiotiques – en jeu dans le processus socialement différenciateur des usages du français dans six manuels, retenus pour exemplifier les grandes tendances de ce métadiscours, nous permettra : d’une part, de mettre en évidence le mode de construction privilégié du savoir sociolinguistique en contexte didactique et, d’autre part, d’en souligner les effets, liés à la reproduction d’un français standardisé en vue de son enseignement et sa diffusion internationale.
Les fragilités urbaines dans les métropoles. Discours et représentations habitantes à partir du Baromètre des Quartiers
Authors: Duarte Paulette 
Published: February 2022

Les processus de métropolisation en cours et à venir invitent à (re)questionner les espaces urbains dans leur fonctionnement et leur dynamisme. Les espaces métropolitains, souvent présentés comme des espaces dynamiques, valorisés, sont-ils des espaces homogènes et cohérents ? Les métropoles ne sont-elles pas plutôt des espaces contrastés, dans lesquels des « fragilités » urbaines sont également possibles ? Pour définir ces fragilités urbaines, l’auteure se saisit du matériau discursif développé par le Baromètre des Quartiers à Grenoble, et analyse les représentations sociales d’habitants à l’égard d’espaces de vie urbains. Les représentations habitantes, via l’analyse des discours, nous apprennent que les espaces urbains sont considérés comme « fragiles » parce qu’ils pourraient s’altérer, que leur « fragilité » a pour caractéristique d’être multidimensionnelle, pluri-scalaire et relative, et que la (dé)-fragilisation des espaces métropolitains est un processus instable.
L’amour des marges. Autour de Michel de Certeau
Authors: Le Blanc Guillaume 
Published: February 2022

À un moment où la politique des marges semble avoir été effacée par la configuration néolibérale et les dispositifs technologiques des Gafam, il faut se demander : comment refaire institution depuis les marges ? La pensée de Certeau permet d’y répondre, car elle est d’abord l’affirmation d’un marginalisme théorique et pratique.
La patrimonialisation des langues (minorées) : une voie (obligatoire) vers le marché ?
Authors: Colonna Romain 
Published: February 2022

La langue est apparue dans le contexte de la mondialisation comme un élément central, porteur d’une identité territoriale à préserver et/ou à promouvoir, susceptible de devenir ainsi l’élément de l’expression revendicative identitaire et un puissant marqueur territorial. Parallèlement, les langues minorées semblent avoir trouvé un débouché à travers un processus complexe et protéiforme de patrimonialisation . Celui-ci opère une redistribution axiologique dont le processus de marchandisation d’usages linguistiques peut profiter afin d’optimiser la visée commerciale. Nous tentons tout d’abord dans cet article de mieux comprendre l’association désormais permanente, au moins dans le discours politique, entre « langues minorées » et « patrimoine ». Le champ sémantique et celui des représentations peuvent être bornés à la fois par une forme de folklorisation et/ou muséification des objets visés par la patrimonialisation et par une valorisation et visibilité assurées pour le territoire. Dans ce contexte, la langue, tel un label, une « langue-drapeau » pour reprendre l’expression de Jean Laponce, est susceptible d’apparaître davantage comme gage d’identité et de valeurs liées à l’authenticité, à l’historicité et à l’émotion plutôt que comme un instrument de communication. Partant de ce principe et dans le contexte patrimonial, nous chercherons à mieux comprendre la mobilisation d’usages en langue corse à travers l’observation de plates-formes de vente en ligne de produits agroalimentaire, cosmétiques ou de spiritueux. Dans le cadre d’une part d’un processus de patrimonialisation et d’autre part d’opérations de marchandisation, nous poserons donc la question de la (re)fonctionnalisation des usages linguistiques en contexte minoré.
Ce que la théorie des champs nous dit de l’administration européenne (I). Un retour réflexif sur le champ de l’eurocratie
Authors: Georgakakis Didier 
Published: February 2022

Cet article a pour but de clarifier ce que le concept de champ, et plus particulièrement de « champ bureaucratique », apporte à la compréhension des institutions et des politiques européennes, et de l’exemplifier à partir d’un ensemble de tendances qui traversent l’administration européenne. Que signifie exactement ce concept ? En quoi diffère-t-il ou se rapproche-t-il d’autres théories ? Et surtout, qu’apporte-t-il à la compréhension de l’Union européenne (UE), tant du point de vue de ses processus concrets, que de la structure sociale qui donne forme et sens au réseau indissociablement humain et organisationnel que représente l’administration européenne ? Pour le comprendre, l’article revient sur le concept de champ de l’eurocratie et montre en quoi ce dernier constitue une grille de lecture pour traiter des transformations de l’administration sur le moyen terme des 25 dernières années puis depuis la conjoncture ouverte avec les élections européennes de 2015.
PlexinD1 Deficiency in Lung Interstitial Macrophages Exacerbates House Dust Mite–Induced Allergic Asthma
Authors: Aktar Amena , Shan Lianyu , Koussih Latifa , Almiski Mohamed S , Basu Sujata , Halayko Andrew , Okwor Ifeoma , Uzonna Jude E , Gounni Abdelilah S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interstitial macrophages (IMs) are key regulators of allergic inflammation. We previously showed that the absence of semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) exacerbates asthma features in both acute and chronic asthma models. However, it has not been studied whether Sema3E, via its receptor plexinD1, regulates IM function in allergic asthma. Therefore, we investigated the role of plexinD1 deficiency on IMs in allergic asthma. We found that the absence of plexinD1 in IMs increased airway hyperresponsiveness, airway leukocyte numbers, allergen-specific IgE, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2/Th17 cytokine response in the house dust mite (HDM)–induced allergic asthma model. Muc5ac, Muc5b, and α-SMA genes were increased in mice with Plxnd1-deficient IMs compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, plexinD1-deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages displayed reduced IL-10 mRNA expression, at both the baseline and following HDM challenge, compared with their wild-type counterpart mice. Our data suggest that Sema3E/plexinD1 signaling in IMs is a critical pathway that modulates airway inflammation, airway resistance, and tissue remodeling in the HDM murine model of allergic asthma. Reduced IL-10 expression by plexinD1-deficient macrophages may account for these enhanced allergic asthma features.
A review of service quality: Case of the National Treasury of South Africa
Authors: Thokoa Refiloe L. , Naidoo Vinessa , Herbst Tessie H.H. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The study rests on the idea that the National Treasury (NT) impacts direct service delivery at the country level through its budget preparation and budget implementation monitoring processes. Both processes are meant to ensure that departments are appropriately resourced, and should, therefore, be able to achieve objectives contained in their performance plans. The study focuses on the service quality provided by the NT in performing these functions.Aim: To provide insights on the level of service quality provided by NT to national government departments and the role of expectations in its measurement.Setting: The study was conducted in Pretoria, and respondents were employees in the Administration Division of national government departments.Methods: The study followed a quantitative approach and used primary data which was collected between October and December 2019. The mean (µ), standard deviation (SD), gap analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s test as a post-test were the key statistical techniques used.Results: Service quality was found to be appropriate based on both the SERVQUAL and SERVPERF models. More positive results are however observed when service expectations are excluded as guided by the latter. Service expectations were found to be an unstable factor in the measurement of service quality.Conclusion: An online service quality review system to be established by NT in support of the New Public Management movement. The NT to ensure that external marketing media, which impact service expectations, are realistic.
Postmastectomy chest wall irradiation with electron beam technique – 10-year single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Kunheri Beena , Lakshmi J. S. , Pushpaja K. U. , George Nisha Annie , Pavithran Keechilat 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is delivered routinely with photon techniques, chest wall radiation with electron techniques have the advantage of reduced deeper tissue doses and can be tried in suitably selected cases. This study is to retrospectively evaluate the locoregional control, toxicity, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival of patients treated with postmastectomy chest wall electron radiation at a single center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The data of 450 patients who received PMRT with electron therapy from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed. Patients were treated with three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy with 6–8 MeV electrons to chest wall and 6 MV photons to supraclavicular fossa and medial axilla. Data collection was done from hospital medical records and analyzed with IBM SPSS 20.0. The results are given in mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables or as percentage for categorical variables. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were used. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Patients' median age was 64 years (range: 24–74 years). Early stage accounted for 108 (24%) patients, 306 (68%) were advanced stage, and for 36 (8%) patients, stage was unknown. Of these, 174 (38.7%) patients were offered hypofractionated schedule and 276 (61.3%) with conventional fractionation. No Grade 3–4 skin reactions were reported over the irradiated area on treatment completion. Twenty-three (5.1%) patients had chest wall recurrence and 33 (7.3%) patients developed locoregional recurrence. Overall recurrence including systemic metastasis was 127 (28.2%). Long-term data did not show any cardiac or pulmonary mortality documented as radiation related. The median follow-up of our group was 67 months (6–173 months). DFS at 5 and 10 years was 81.4% and 79.5%, respectively. OS at 5 and 10 years was 85.2% and 79.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
PMRT with chest wall enface electron is feasible, and the advantage of electron field is better sparing of deeper structures, especially cardia in left-sided postmastectomy irradiation, thus more complex techniques such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment (IMRT) and respiratory gating can be reserved for patients with more complicated anatomy where routine 3DCRT technique is unacceptable in terms target coverage and critical normal tissue sparing.
Cancer survival status among male population of Northeast India
Authors: Kalita Manoj , Sharma Jagannath Dev , Barman Debanjana , Baishya Nizara , Kalita Chandi Ram 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
The northeast region of India has an overall high incidence, mortality, and lower survival rate of cancer in the country. Mortality rate is increasing mainly because of difficulties in accessing the facilities for cancer diagnosis and treatment, socioeconomic conditions, lack of awareness, taboo, misconception, and wide disparity in both diagnosis and treatment of cancers in this region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Data were abstracted from hospital-based cancer registry of a regional treatment center from years 2010 to 2014. A total of 21,793 men were registered with cancer and 44.7% (9738/21,793) were followed up with their vital status. Kaplan–Meier method was used to generate the survival statistics.

RESULTS:
The 5-year overall survival for all cancers in men is 24.3% with earlier stage at diagnosis has a better survival (Stage I: 52.1%) than later stage (Stage IV: 18.8%). The 5-year survival for completed cancer directed treatment is 27.5% followed by 12.5% for incomplete and 8.5% for those with no cancer-directed treatment group. Inequality in survival was observed among different sites of cancer, as some cancers harm more than others. The 5-year absolute survival for all sites was ranged from 0% to 75.8%. Cancer of liver (0%), pancreas (0%), lung (2.4%), gallbladder (7.9%), and stomach (10.3%) is found as more lethal than other cancers as the 5-year survival was in-between the range 0%–10%. Cancer of Hodgkin lymphoma (75.8%) has the highest 5-year cancer survival rate, followed by testis (60.1%), breast men (55.3%), penis (49.7%), and skin cancer (49.1%).

CONCLUSION:
With close to 0%–2.6% 5-year overall survival in hospital setting for cancers of liver, pancreas, and lung, respectively, it needs to mobilize resources for these three cancer sites, in terms of treatment, supportive care, and palliation.
Mondor’s disease in this case report: is there any correlation with antiphospholipid syndrome?
Authors: Dekdouk Nassima , Moulay Sakina , Bendimrad Mohamed Imad , Abbaci Karima , Laraba Nazim 
Published: February 2022

La maladie de Mondor (MD) ou thrombophlébite des veines sous-cutanées de la région thoracique est une affection rare, d'étiologie inconnue dans la plupart des cas Nous présentons ici un cas singulier associant maladie de Mondor et syndrome des antiphospholipides chez une femme de 63 ans chez qui on a noté une bonne évolution sous traitement antiagrégant plaquettaire, sans récidive clinique L'association avec le syndrome des antiphopholipides est extrêmement rare et a été décrite dans quelques cas.
Mondor’s disease (MD) or thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the chest region is a rare condition, with unknown etiology in most cases Herein, we report a singular case associating Mondor’s disease and antiphospholipid syndrome in a 63-year-old woman, with a good outcome and no clinical recurrence after antiplatelet therapy. The association between Mondor’s disease and antiphopholipid syndrome is extremely rare and has been described in few cases.
Méningo-encéphalite à Virus Varicelle-Zona survenue chez une immunocom
Authors: Conde Kaba , Bangoura Mamadou , Diawara Karinka , Cissé Fode Abass 
Published: February 2022

The Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) causes a wide range of disorders including chickenpox, shingles and central nervous system (CNS) infection It has the ability to remain latent in neurons of cranial nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and autonomic ganglia after primary infection and can reactivate later in life Upon reactivation, VZV can cause a variety of CNS infections, including meningitis and encephalitis Significant morbidity and mortality may be associated with these conditions despite antiviral therapy We have reported a case of varicella re-infection in an immunocompetent adult with ophthalmic zoster and fatal outcome under antiviral treatment.
Le virus varicelle-zona (VZV) provoque un large éventail de troubles y compris la varicelle, le zona et l’infection du système nerveux central (SNC) Il a la capacité de rester latent dans les neurones des nerfs crâniens, les ganglions de la racine dorsale et les ganglions autonomes après infectionprimaire et peut se réactiver plus tard dans la vie Lors de la réactivation, le VZV peut provoquer diverses infections du SNC, dont la méningite et l'encéphalite Une morbidité et une mortalité importantes peuvent être associées à ces conditions malgré un traitement antiviral Nous rapportons un cas de réinfection varicelleuse chez une adulte immunocompétente avec Zona ophtalmique d’évolution défavorable sous traitement antiviral.