bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outline of Therapeutic Potential of Different Plants Reported Against Psoriasis via In Vitro, Pre‐Clinical or Clinical Studies
Authors: Gupta Pawan , Kalvatala Sudhakar , Joseph Abhinav , Panghal Anil , Santra Soumava 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPsoriasis is a noncontagious, autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease with an unknown root cause. It is classified as a multifactorial and chronic skin disorder that also affects the immune system and is genetic. Environmental factors such as stress, infections, and injuries all play an important role in the disease's development. Although there is no cure for this disease, topical, oral, and systemic whole‐body treatments are available to relieve symptoms. Several plants and phytochemicals which have been found effective in the management of the psoriasis experimentally (preclinical and clinical). These plants/phytochemicals have applications in topical, oral, and systemic treatments. Traditionally, some of the plants have been utilized as the primary treatment, including their extracts and/or phytochemicals, for individuals with moderate to severe psoriasis (due to fewer side effects), while phototherapy is generally reserved for more advanced cases. This report describes various plants and phytochemicals that have been found to be effective against psoriasis in in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies. This review summarizes the key findings from experimental studies on various pathological aspects of psoriasis and may be useful, effective, and informative for future research.
Therapeutic Potential of Saffron Extract in Mild Depression: A Study of Its Role on Anhedonia in Rats and Humans
Authors: Corridori Eleonora , Salviati Sara , Demontis Maria Graziella , Vignolini Pamela , Vita Chiara , Fagiolini Andrea , Cuomo Alessandro , Carmellini Pietro , Gambarana Carla , Scheggi Simona 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDrugs generally used in major depressive disorder are considered inappropriate for the more common milder forms. The efficacy of saffron extracts has been demonstrated in mild to moderate depression and in preclinical models of depression. However, evidence of saffron activity on reduced hedonic responsiveness and motivational anhedonia is limited. Since dopamine transmission dysfunctions are crucially involved in anhedonia and saffron seems to positively modulate dopamine release, we studied the potential antidepressant and anti‐anhedonic effects of a standardized formulation of saffron extract in preclinical models of anhedonia‐like behaviors, and patients diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depression. We tested saffron activity in a rat model of stress‐induced motivational anhedonia using sucrose self‐administration protocols and investigated the molecular underpinnings of this effect focusing on DARPP‐32 phosphorylation pattern in response to a reinforcer and BDNF–TrkB signaling, in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. In parallel, with a pilot double‐blind placebo‐controlled study we investigated whether saffron add‐on therapy reduced symptoms of depression and anhedonia, measured by the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Repeated saffron administration restored motivation and reactivity to reward‐associated cues in anhedonic rats, likely modulating dopaminergic transmission and BDNF–TrkB signaling. In depressed patients, an 8‐week saffron add‐on therapy induced a global improvement in depressive symptoms and a significant reduction in anhedonia. The study supports a pro‐motivational effect of saffron and suggests a potentially useful saffron‐based augmentation strategy in anhedonic patients, albeit with limitations due to small sample size and short trial duration.
Natural Saponins on Cholesterol‐Related Diseases: Treatment and Mechanism
Authors: Xiao Man‐Yu , Li Si , Pei Wen‐Jing , Gu Yu‐Long , Piao Xiang‐Lan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSaponins are compounds composed of lipophilic aglycones linked to hydrophilic sugars. Natural saponins are isolated from plants and some Marine organisms. As important cholesterol‐lowering drugs, natural saponins have attracted wide attention for their therapeutic potential in a variety of cholesterol‐related metabolic diseases. To review the effects of natural saponins on cholesterol‐related metabolic diseases, and to deepen the understanding of the cholesterol‐lowering mechanism of saponins. The literature related to saponins and cholesterol‐lowering diseases was collected using keywords “saponins” and “cholesterol” from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to May 2024. The total number of articles related to saponins and cholesterol‐lowering diseases was 240 after excluding irrelevant articles. Natural saponins can regulate cholesterol to prevent and treat a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, liver disease, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and obesity. Mechanistically, natural saponins regulate cholesterol synthesis and uptake through the AMPK/SREBP2/3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A reductase pathway and PCSK9/LDLR pathway, and regulate cholesterol efflux and esterification targeting Liver X receptor/ABC pathway and ACAT family. Natural saponins have broad application prospects in regulating cholesterol metabolism, for the development of more cholesterol‐lowering drugs provides a new train of thought. However, it is still necessary to further explore the molecular mechanism and expand clinical trials to provide more evidence.
Scattering of Electrons and Positrons by Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Kumer Tusher , Shorifuddoza M. , Das Pretam K. , Watabe Hiroshi , Shahmohammadi Beni Mehrdad , Haque A. K. Fazlul , Uddin M. Alfaz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation into the scattering of electrons and positrons from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) molecules across a broad energy ranging from 1 eV to 1 MeV. The focus of the analysis encompasses a variety of cross‐sections, including differential, integrated elastic, inelastic, total ionization, total, momentum transfer and viscosity. Additionally, the study explores the spin polarization effects within electron/positron‐NO2 scattering events. Utilizing a combination of relativistic Dirac partial wave analysis, the independent atom model (IAM), and the screening adjusted independent atom model (IAMS), this research achieves a refined understanding of scattering mechanisms. Comparative assessments with prior theoretical and empirical findings reveal that the IAM approach yields lesser accuracy at lower energies, while maintaining commendable agreement with existing data at medium to high energies. The insights and methodologies developed herein are anticipated to contribute significantly to the advancement of future research in this domain.
European Guideline on Chronic Nausea and Vomiting—A UEG and ESNM Consensus for Clinical Management
Authors: Malagelada Carolina , Keller Jutta , Sifrim Daniel , Serra Jordi , Tack Jan , Mulak Agata , Stengel Andreas , Aguilar Ariadna , Drewes Asbjorn Mohr , Josefsson Axel , Bonaz Bruno , Dumitrascu Dan , Keszthelyi Daniel , Barba Elizabeth , Carbone Florencia , Zerbib Frank , Marchegiani Giovanni , Hauser Goran , Gourcerol Guillaume , Tornblom Hans , Hammer Heinz , Aziz Imran , Matic Jelena Rakic , Mendive Juan , Nikaki Kornilia , Wauters Lucas , Alcalá‐González Luis Gerardo , Waluga Marek , Jinga Mariana , Corsetti Maura , Rommel Nathalie , Shidrawi Ray , De Giorgio Roberto , Kadirkamanathan Sritharan , Surdea‐Blaga Teodora 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic nausea and vomiting are symptoms of a wide range of gastrointestinal and non‐gastrointestinal conditions. Diagnosis can be challenging and requires a systematic and well‐structured approach. If the initial investigation for structural, toxic and metabolic disorders is negative, digestive motility and gut‐brain interaction disorders should be assessed. United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and the European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) identified the need for an updated, evidence‐based clinical guideline for the management of chronic nausea and vomiting.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of experts in the field, including European specialists and national societies, participated in the development of the guideline. Relevant questions were addressed through a literature review and statements were developed and voted on according to a Delphi process.ResultsNinety‐eight statements were identified and voted following the Delphi process. Overall agreement was high, although the grade of scientific evidence was low in many areas. Disagreement was more evident for some pharmacological treatment options. A diagnostic algorithm was developed, focussing on the differentiating features between gastrointestinal motility and gut‐brain interaction disorders with predominant nausea and vomiting.ConclusionThese guidelines provide an evidence‐based framework for the evaluation and treatment of patients with chronic nausea and vomiting.
The metamorphosis of semi-classical mechanisms of confinement: from monopoles on ℝ3 × S1 to center-vortices on ℝ2 × T2
Authors: Güvendik Canberk , Schaefer Thomas , Ünsal Mithat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There are two distinct regimes of Yang-Mills theory where we can demonstrate confinement, the existence of a mass gap, and the multi-branch structure of the effective potential as a function of the theta angle using a reliable semi-classical calculation. The two regimes are deformed Yang-Mills theory on ℝ3 × S1, and Yang-Mills theory on ℝ2 × T2 where the torus is threaded by a ’t Hooft flux. The weak coupling regime is ensured by the small size of the circle or torus. In the first case the confinement mechanism is related to self-dual monopoles, whereas in the second case self-dual center-vortices play a crucial role. These two topological objects are distinct. In particular, they have different mutual statistics with Wilson loops. On the other hand, they carry the same topological charge and action. We consider the theory on ℝ × T2 × S1 and extrapolate both the monopole and vortex regimes to a quantum mechanical domain, where a cross-over takes place. Both sides of the cross-over are described by a deformed ℤN TQFT. On ℝ2 × S1 × S1, we derive an effective field theory (EFT) of vortices from the EFT of monopoles in the presence of a ’t Hooft flux. This construction is based on a two-stage Higgs mechanism, reducing SU(N) to U(1)N−1 in 3d first, followed by reduction to a ℤN EFT in 2d in the second step. This result shows how monopoles transmute into center-vortices, and suggests adiabatic continuity between the two confinement mechanisms. The basic mechanism is flux fractionalization: the magnetic flux of the monopoles splits up and is collimated in such a way that 2d Wilson loops detect it as a center vortex.
Abelian instantons and monopole scattering
Authors: Csáki Csaba , Ovadia Rotem , Telem Ofri , Terning John , Yankielowicz Shimon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is usually assumed that 4D instantons can only arise in non-Abelian theories. In this paper we re-examine this conventional wisdom by explicitly constructing instantons in an Abelian gauge theory: QED4 with Nf flavors of Dirac fermions, in the background of a Dirac monopole. This is the low-energy effective field theory for fermions interacting with a ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopole, in the limit where the monopole is infinitely heavy (hence pointlike) and static. This theory, whose non-topological sectors were studied by Rubakov and Callan, has a far richer structure than previously explored. We show how to calculate the topological instanton number, demonstrate the existence of ’t Hooft zero modes localized around such instantons, and show how instantons in the path integral provide the underlying mechanism for the Callan-Rubakov process: monopole-catalyzed baryon decay with a cross section that saturates the unitarity bound. Our computation relies on correctly identifying the relevant 2D EFT for monopole catalysis as Axial QED2 in an effective AdS2 metric.
Diffusion coefficient matrix for multiple conserved charges: a Kubo approach
Authors: Dey Sourav , Jaiswal Amaresh , Mishra Hiranmaya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The strongly interacting matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions possesses several conserved quantum numbers, such as baryon number, strangeness, and electric charge. The diffusion process of these charges can be characterized by a diffusion matrix that describes the mutual influence of the diffusion of various charges. We derive the Kubo relations for evaluating diffusion coefficients as elements of a diffusion matrix. We further demonstrate that in the weak coupling limit, the diffusion matrix elements obtained through Kubo relations reduce to those obtained from kinetic theory with an appropriate identification of the relaxation times. We illustrate this evaluation in a toy model of two interacting scalar fields with two conserved charges.
A note on the non-planar corrections for the Page curve in the PSSY model via the IOP matrix model correspondence
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Nishida Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We develop a correspondence between the PSSY model and the IOP matrix model by comparing their Schwinger-Dyson equations, Feynman diagrams, and parameters. Applying this correspondence, we resum specific non-planar diagrams involving crossing in the PSSY model by using a non-planar analysis of a two-point function in the IOP matrix model. We also compare them with Page’s formula on entanglement entropy and discuss the contributions of extra-handle-in-bulk diagrams.
Graded transcendental functions: an application to four-point amplitudes with one off-shell leg
Authors: Gehrmann Thomas , Henn Johannes , Jakubčík Petr , Lim Jungwon , Mella Cesare Carlo , Syrrakos Nikolaos , Tancredi Lorenzo , Torres Bobadilla William J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Several recent works have demonstrated the powerful algebraic simplifications that can be achieved for scattering amplitudes through a systematic grading of transcendental quantities. We develop these concepts to construct a minimal basis of functions tailored to a scattering amplitude in a general way. Starting with formal solutions for all master integral topologies, we organise the appearing functions by properties such as their symbol alphabet or letter adjacency. We rotate the basis such that functions with spurious features appear in the least possible number of basis elements. Since their coefficients must vanish for physical quantities, this approach avoids complex cancellations. As a first application, we evaluate all integral topologies relevant to the three-loop Hggg and $$ Hgq\overline{q} $$
Hgq

q
¯

amplitudes in the leading-colour approximation and heavy-top limit. We describe the derivation of canonical differential equation systems and present a method for fixing boundary conditions without the need for a full functional representation. Using multiple numerical reductions, we test the maximal transcendentality conjecture for Hggg and identify a new letter which appears in functions of weight 4 and 5. In addition, we provide the first direct analytic computation of a three-point form factor of the operator Tr(ϕ2) in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 sYM and find agreement with numerical and bootstrapped results.
Disentangling left-handed and right-handed neutrino effects in $$ {B}_c\to \tau {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$ decay
Authors: Hu Quan-Yi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inspired by the anomalies in $$ B\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\tau {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$
B
→

D

∗

τ

ν
¯

τ

decay, in this work, we carefully study the influence of the most general dimension-six effective operators involving right-handed neutrinos on the four cascade decays $$ {B}_c\to \tau \left(\to {\nu}_{\tau }h\right){\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$

B
c

→
τ

→

ν
τ

h

ν
¯

τ

(h = π, ρ) and $$ {B}_c\to \tau \left(\to {\nu}_{\tau}\ell {\overline{\nu}}_{\ell}\right){\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$

B
c

→
τ

→

ν
τ

ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

ν
¯

τ

(ℓ = μ, e). We calculate for the first time the analytical results of the distributions of the differential decay rates of these cascade decays with respect to the energy of the charged particles in the final state. We select a total of 13 new physics benchmark points, among which 9 are derived from the effect of purely left-handed neutrinos, and the other 4 are from the effect of purely right-handed neutrinos. We find that the benchmark points BP4, BP6, BP11, and BP13 can significantly increase the values of these distributions while the BP3 causes a sharp decrease in these distributions. The end-point behavior of the differential distribution dΓ/dEπ can be used to disentangle the effects of left-handed and right-handed neutrinos. Finally, in order to eliminate the uncertainties brought by the CKM matrix element Vcb and the decay constant $$ {f}_{B_c} $$

f

B
c

, we introduce the normalized distributions dΓ/(ΓdEa) (a = π, ρ, μ, e), which are only sensitive to the right-handed neutrinos. We find that in each normalized distribution there exists a fixed point that is not related to any dimension-six effective operators considered in this work.
Lagrangian Subspaces of the Moduli Space of Simple Sheaves on K3 Surfaces
Authors: Fantechi Barbara , Miró-Roig Rosa M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLet X be a K3 surface and let $${{\,\textrm{Spl}\,}}(r;c_1,c_2)$$

Spl

(
r
;

c
1

,

c
2

)

be the moduli space of simple sheaves on X of fixed rank r and Chern classes $$c_1$$

c
1

and $$c_2$$

c
2

. Under suitable assumptions, to a pair (F, W) (respectively, (F, V)) where $$F\in {{\,\textrm{Spl}\,}}(r;c_1,c_2)$$

F
∈

Spl

(
r
;

c
1

,

c
2

)

and $$W\subset H^0(F)$$

W
⊂

H
0

(
F
)

(resp. $$V^*\subset H^1(F^*)$$

V
∗

⊂

H
1

(

F
∗

)

) is a vector subspace, we associate a simple syzygy bundle (resp. extension bundle) on X. We show that both syzygy bundles and extension bundles can be constructed in families and that the induced morphism to a different component of the moduli of simple sheaves is a locally closed embedding. We show that this construction associates with every Lagrangian (resp. isotropic) algebraic subspace of $${{\,\textrm{Spl}\,}}(r;c_1,c_2)$$

Spl

(
r
;

c
1

,

c
2

)

an induced Lagrangian (resp. isotropic) algebraic subspace of a different component of the moduli of simple sheaves.
Long-term forecast for antibacterial drug consumption in Germany using ARIMA models
Authors: Bindel Lilly Josephine , Seifert Roland 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing supply shortages of antibacterial drugs presents significant challenges to public health in Germany. This study aims to predict the future consumption of the ten most prescribed antibacterial drugs in Germany up to 2040 using ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) models, based on historical prescription data. This analysis also evaluates the plausibility of the forecasts. Our findings represent one of the first long-term national forecasts for antibacterial drug consumption. ARIMA(0,1,0), a random walk model with drift, is the best-fitting model to capture trends across all antibacterial drugs. While more complex models offer greater detail, they seem less suitable for long-term forecasting. In a short-term forecast of 5 and 10 years, predictions between significant models vary very little. Predictions indicate increasing DDD-prescriptions for amoxicillin, cefuroxime axetil, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, clindamycin, azithromycin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin, while declines are forecasted for doxycycline, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The reliability of the predictions varies. Forecasts for azithromycin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are likely accurate, whereas uncertainties exist for doxycycline, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin, though general trends appear valid. Potential discrepancies may arise in the predictions for amoxicillin, cefuroxime axetil, and clindamycin. These forecasts highlight the urgent need for proactive healthcare planning to prevent future shortages, a problem underscored by recent supply disruptions in Germany. Future research should extend this analysis to the development of bacterial resistance and other frequently used drug classes.
Working with technical purity: simulation of red tattoo pigment metabolism by online-liquid chromatography-electrochemistry-mass spectrometry
Authors: Wolf Carina , Krall Franziska , Göldner Valentin , Karst Uwe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTattooing is a popular form of body art that has evolved from ancient times into being part of modern society. The understanding of biotransformation processes of coloring tattoo pigments in human skin is limited although skin reactions to tattoos with unknown culprits occur. Electrochemistry coupled to mass spectrometry (EC-MS) has widely been used as a tool for a purely instrumental approach to simulating the enzymatic biotransformation of xenobiotics. For the application to pigments, however, clean standards are lacking. Hence, metabolic studies in general as well as simulation approaches like direct EC-MS are hindered because transformation products cannot be assigned unequivocally to the pigment or its impurities. This can be addressed by online separation prior to electrochemical transformation. An online-liquid chromatography (LC)-EC-MS approach was developed to simulate the metabolism of Pigment Red 5 (PR 5). The electrochemical cell was coupled to the chromatographic column and was operated in oxidative and reductive mode. Distinct retention times allowed the electrochemical transformation products to be linked to their parent compound. Oxidative and reductive azo cleavage of PR 5 were observed. Two different PR 5 formulations were investigated, yielding the same transformation products and showcasing the applicability to individual PR 5 samples with different impurity profiles. The presented LC-EC-MS approach overcomes the lack of clean standards that hampers the metabolic studies of tattoo pigments in general and using direct EC-MS without prior chromatographic separation. Applying the purely instrumental online separation approach, first ideas on possible transformation routes of pigments frequently identified in adverse skin reactions are provided.
Graphical Abstract