bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV testing among transgender and nonbinary persons in Michigan, United States: results of a community‐based survey
Authors: Lacombe‐Duncan Ashley , Kattari Leonardo , Kattari Shanna K. , Scheim Ayden I. , Alexander Flyn , Yonce Sophie , Misiolek Brayden A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionTransgender (trans) and nonbinary people (TNB) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. HIV testing is critical to engage TNB people in HIV prevention and care. Yet, scant literature has examined social and structural factors associated with HIV testing among TNB people of diverse genders and in geographies with potentially lower trans acceptance. We: (1) characterized the prevalence of never having been tested for HIV; and (2) identified associated factors, among TNB people in Michigan, United States.MethodsData were from a community‐based participatory cross‐sectional survey (n = 539 sexually experienced TNB people). The prevalence of never having had an HIV test was reported overall and compared across socio‐demographic, clinical, social and structural factors using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results and discussionApproximately one‐quarter (26.2%) of participants had never had an HIV test (20.8% transfeminine; 30.0% transmasculine; 17.8% nonbinary assigned male at‐birth; and 32.0% nonbinary assigned female at‐birth). In a multivariable socio‐demographic model, older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for 1‐year increase: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96, p<0.001) and Black/African American race (vs. White) (aOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.86, p<0.05) were associated with increased odds of HIV testing (aORs for never testing). In separate multivariable models controlling for socio‐demographics, ever experiencing sexual violence (aOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.67, p<0.001), not accessed sexual/reproductive healthcare in the past 12 months (aOR: 4.46, 95% CI: 2.68, 7.43, p<0.001) and reporting a very/somewhat inclusive primary care provider (PCP) (aOR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.49, p<0.001) were associated with HIV testing (aORs for never testing).ConclusionsFindings contribute to scant literature about gender‐based differences in HIV testing inclusive of transmasculine and nonbinary people. Lack of statistically significant gender differences suggests that broad TNB interventions may be warranted. These could include training healthcare providers in trans‐inclusive practices with sexual violence survivors and PCPs in trans‐inclusive HIV prevention and care. Findings showing Black participants were less likely to have never had an HIV test suggest the promise of culturally tailored services, though further investigation is needed. Findings identify social and structural factors associated with HIV testing and can inform multi‐level interventions to increase TNB person's HIV testing.
Factors associated with long‐term HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis engagement and adherence among transgender women in Brazil, Mexico and Peru: results from the ImPrEP study
Authors: Konda Kelika A. , Torres Thiago S. , Mariño Gabriela , Ramos Alessandra , Moreira Ronaldo I. , Leite Iuri C. , Cunha Marcelo , Jalil Emilia M. , Hoagland Brenda , Guanira Juan V. , Benedetti Marcos , Pimenta Cristina , Vermandere Heleen , Bautista‐Arredondo Sergio , Vega‐Ramirez Hamid , Veloso Valdilea G. , Caceres Carlos F. , Grinsztejn Beatriz ,   for the ImPrEP Study Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe HIV epidemic continues to disproportionately impact Latin‐American transgender women (TGW). We assessed factors associated with long‐term pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) engagement and adherence among TGW enrolled in the Implementation of PrEP (ImPrEP) study, the largest PrEP demonstration study in Latin America.MethodsHIV‐negative TGW aged ≥18 years reporting 1+eligibility criteria in the 6 months prior to enrolment (e.g. sex partner known to be living with HIV, condomless anal sex [CAS], transactional sex or having a sexually transmitted infection [STI]) who could safely take PrEP were enrolled. Follow‐up visits were conducted at 4 weeks and then quarterly. We conducted logistic regression to identify factors associated with long‐term PrEP engagement (3+ follow‐up visits in 52 weeks) and complete self‐reported adherence (no missed pills in the past 30 days) during follow‐up. For both outcomes, we constructed multivariable models controlling for country, socio‐demographics, sexual behaviour, substance use, STIs and self‐reported adherence at 4 weeks (long‐term engagement outcome only).ResultsFrom March 2018 to June 2021, ImPrEP screened 519 TGW, enrolled 494 (Brazil: 190, Mexico: 66 and Peru: 238) and followed them for 52 weeks. At baseline, 27.5% of TGW were aged 18–24 years, 67.8% were mixed‐race and 31.6% had >secondary education. Most, 89.9% reported CAS, 61.9% had >10 sex partners and 71.9% reported transactional sex. HIV incidence was 1.82 cases per 100 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–4.38). Almost half of TGW (48.6%) had long‐term PrEP engagement, which was positively associated with reporting complete adherence at week 4 (aOR:2.94 [95%CI:1.88–4.63]) and was inversely associated with reporting CAS with unknown‐HIV partner (aOR:0.52 [95%CI:0.34–0.81]), migration (aOR:0.54 [95%CI:0.34–0.84]), and being from Mexico (aOR:0.28 [95%CI:0.14–0.53]). Self‐reported adherence was associated with TGW aged >34 (aOR:1.61 [95%CI:1.10–2.34]) compared to those aged 25–34 and those with >secondary education (aOR:1.55 [95%CI:1.10–2.19]) and was lower among TGW from Peru (aOR:0.29 [95%CI:0.21–0.41]) or reporting PrEP‐related adverse effects (aOR:0.63 [95%CI:0.42–0.92]).ConclusionsAlthough TGW were willing to enrol in ImPrEP, long‐term PrEP engagement and complete self‐reported adherence were limited, and HIV incidence remained relatively high. A successful HIV prevention agenda should include trans‐specific interventions supporting oral PrEP and exploring long‐acting PrEP strategies for TGW.
Sexual happiness and satisfaction with sexual safety among German trans men who have sex with men: results from EMIS‐2017
Authors: Appenroth Max Nicolai , Koppe Uwe , Hickson Ford , Schink Susanne , Hahne Alexander , Schmidt Axel J. , Weatherburn Peter , Marcus Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe population of men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men (MSM) includes people who are on the masculine spectrum but were assigned female at birth (AFAB), that is trans MSM. This study aims to identify current circumstances regarding sexual happiness and safety among German trans MSM. To date, there is no health information about trans MSM in Germany, limiting the ability of MSM sexual health programmes to meet their needs.MethodsData were used from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS‐2017), where people identifying as men and/or trans men were recruited through dating apps for MSM, community websites and social media to participate in an online survey. We analysed parameters on sexual happiness and satisfaction with sexual safety among Germany‐based trans MSM and compared those to outcomes of MSM assigned male at birth (cis MSM) living in Germany using descriptive methods and logistic regression models adjusting for age.ResultsIn total, 23,001 participants from Germany were included, of which 122 (0.5%) indicated to be AFAB (i.e. trans MSM). Trans MSM were markedly younger than cis participants (median age: 28.5 vs. 39 years).Trans MSM more often reported being unhappy with their current sex life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.82, 95% CI 1.24–2.67), had higher odds of disagreeing with the statements “the sex I have is always as safe as I want” ([aOR] = 1.82, 95% CI 1.24–2.67) and “I find it easy to say no to sex that I don't want” ([aOR] = 1.80, 95% CI 1.18–2.77).Trans MSM were more likely to not be living comfortably financially ([aOR] = 2.43, 95% CI 1.60–3.67) and to be living with severe anxiety and/or depression ([aOR] = 3.90, 95% CI 2.22–6.83). Trans MSM were less likely to have ever tested for HIV ([aOR] = 0.63, 95% CI 0.43–0.93).ConclusionsSexual happiness, control of sexual boundaries, satisfaction with sexual safety, financial security, mental wellbeing and HIV testing were all lower in German trans MSM compared with cis MSM. Tailored sexual health interventions, contextualized with regard to needs and vulnerabilities, could address this inequality.
The specific biopanning of single‐domain antibody against haptens based on a functionalized cryogel
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Liu Chang , Zheng Hongwei , Han Xiangning , Lin Hong , Cao Limin , Sui Jianxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhage display technology is commonly applied for high‐throughput screening of single‐domain antibodies (sdAbs), and the problem of non‐specific adsorption caused by carrier proteins seriously affects the biopanning of single‐domain antibodies specific to haptens. In this paper, enrofloxacin (ENR)‐functionalized cryogels were prepared by the ethylenediamine (EDA) and carbodiimide methods for application in the biopanning of ENR‐specific phages. To improve the efficiency of biopanning, double blocking, a wash solution flow rate of 1 mL/min, and phage pre‐incubation were applied to the biopanning process through single‐factor experiments. Results of flat colony counting showed that the phage output of AG‐ENR cryogels was 15 times higher than that of AG cryogels for the same input amount. And seven complete sequences of ENR‐specific shark sdAbs were obtained by monoclonal phage ELISA and sequence alignment. All these results indicate that functionalized cryogels could be used as a novel and efficient method for phage biopanning for single‐domain antibodies to haptens.
Long COVID following Omicron wave in Eastern India—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Arjun M. C. , Singh Arvind K. , Roy Payel , Ravichandran Mythry , Mandal Srijani , Pal Debkumar , Das Kajal , Gajjala Alekhya , Venkateshan Mahalingam , Mishra Baijayantimala , Patro Binod K. , Mohapatra Prasanta R. , Subba Sonu H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLong coronavirus disease (COVID) or postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) is widely reported but the data of long COVID after infection with the Omicron variant is limited. This study was conducted to estimate the incidence, characteristics of symptoms, and predictors of long COVID among COVID‐19 patients diagnosed during the Omicron wave in Eastern India. The cohort of COVID‐19 patients included were adults (≥18 years) diagnosed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. After 28 days of diagnosis; participants were followed up with a telephonic interview to capture data on sociodemographic, clinical history, anthropometry, substance use, COVID‐19 vaccination status, acute COVID‐19 symptoms, and long COVID symptoms. The long COVID symptoms were self‐reported by the participants. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of long COVID. The median follow‐up of participants was 73 days (Interquartile range; 67–83). The final analysis had 524 participants' data; among them 8.2% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 6%–10.9%) self‐reported long COVID symptoms. Fatigue (34.9%) was the most common reported symptom followed by cough (27.9%). In multivariable logistic regression only two predictors were statistically significant—number of acute COVID‐19 symptoms ≥ five (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.30–6.71) and past history of COVID‐19 (aOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.14–6.22). The proportion of self‐reported long COVID is considerably low among COVID‐19 patients diagnosed during the Omicron wave in Eastern India when compared with estimates during Delta wave in the same setting.
Large‐scale siting of sand dams: A participatory approach and application in Angolan drylands
Authors: Piemontese Luigi , Castelli Giulio , Limones Natalia , Grazio Alice , Bresci Elena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSand dams are simple and effective structures built across ephemeral riverbeds in arid/ semiarid regions to harvest water within sand pores and increase water availability and quality for rural communities. The complex morphological, hydrological, social, and economic conditions that make sand dams a beneficial tool for water resilience are largely influenced by the siting phase. Proper location of a sand dam can reduce communities' travel time to water points, reduce water conflicts, and increase food security through expansion of irrigated agriculture. On the other hand, a misplacement of sand dams can, at worst, increase disparities in water access and increase local conflicts. To approach a viable siting of sand dams, most projects are developed and delivered with the community through a bottom‐up approach. However, in the case of large‐scale projects, remote sensing and biophysical analysis are the dominant approach, leaving the socio‐economic component at the margins of the siting strategy and eventually affecting the benefits to local communities. In this paper, we propose a large‐scale participatory methodology to sand dams siting, which draws on mixed‐methods connecting the conventional top‐down biophysical analysis with bottom‐up participatory research. We first describe the generic approach developed for sand dams siting in Namibe, a semi‐arid region of Southwest of Angola, then we draw on our case to propose a generic approach to large‐scale participatory siting beyond Namibe.
Three‐dimensional dose and LETD prediction in proton therapy using artificial neural networks
Authors: Pirlepesov Fakhriddin , Wilson Lydia , Moskvin Vadim P. , Breuer Alex , Parkins Franz , Lucas John T. , Merchant Thomas E. , Faught Austin M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeChallenges in proton therapy include identifying patients most likely to benefit; ensuring consistent, high‐quality plans as its adoption becomes more widespread; and recognizing biological uncertainties that may be related to increased relative biologic effectiveness driven by linear energy transfer (LET). Knowledge‐based planning (KBP) is a domain that may help to address all three.MethodsArtificial neural networks were trained using 117 unique treatment plans and associated dose and dose‐weighted LET (LETD) distributions. The data set was split into training (n = 82), validation (n = 17), and test (n = 18) sets. Model performance was evaluated on the test set using dose‐ and LETD‐volume metrics in the clinical target volume (CTV) and nearby organs at risk and Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) comparing predicted and planned isodose lines at 50%, 75%, and 95% of the prescription dose.ResultsDose‐volume metrics significantly differed (α = 0.05) between predicted and planned dose distributions in only one dose‐volume metric, D2% to the CTV. The maximum observed root mean square (RMS) difference between corresponding metrics was 4.3 GyRBE (8% of prescription) for D1cc to optic chiasm. DSC were 0.90, 0.93, and 0.88 for the 50%, 75%, and 95% isodose lines, respectively. LETD‐volume metrics significantly differed in all but one metric, L0.1cc of the brainstem. The maximum observed difference in RMS differences for LETD metrics was 1.0 keV/μm for L0.1cc to brainstem.ConclusionsWe have devised the first three‐dimensional dose and LETD‐prediction model for cranial proton radiation therapy has been developed. Dose accuracy compared favorably with that of previously published models in other treatment sites. The agreement in LETD supports future investigations with biological doses in mind to enable the full potential of KBP in proton therapy.
Auto‐detection of necessity for MRI‐guided online adaptive replanning using a machine learning classifier
Authors: Parchur Abdul K. , Lim Sara , Nasief Haidy G. , Omari Eenas A. , Zhang Ying , Paulson Eric S. , Hall William A. , Erickson Beth , Li X. Allen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeMRI‐guided adaptive radiation therapy (MRgART), particularly daily online adaptive replanning (OLAR) can substantially improve radiation therapy delivery, however, it can be labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. Currently, the decision to perform OLAR for a treatment fraction is determined subjectively. In this work, we develop a machine learning algorithm based on structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and change in entropy to quickly and objectively determine whether OLAR is necessary for a daily MRI set.MethodsA total of 109 daily MRI sets acquired on a 1.5T MR‐Linac during MRgART for 22 pancreatic cancer patients each treated with five fractions were retrospectively analyzed. For each daily MRI set, OLAR and reposition (No‐OLAR) plans were created and the superior plan with the daily fraction determined per clinical dose‐volume criteria. SSIM and entropy maps were extracted from each daily MRI set, with respect to its reference (e.g., dry‐run) MRI in the region enclosed by 50‐100% isodose surfaces. A total of six common features were extracted from SSIM maps. Pearson's rank correlation coefficient was utilized to rule out redundant SSIM features. A t‐test was used to determine significant SSIM features which were combined with the change in entropy to develop anensemble machine classifier with fivefold cross validation. The performance of the classifier was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsA machine learning classifier model using two SSIM features (mean and full width at half maximum) and change in entropy was determined to be able to significantly discriminate between No‐OLAR and OLAR groups. The obtained machine learning ensemble classifier can predict OLAR necessity with a cross validated AUC of 0.93. Misclassification was found primarily for No‐OLAR cases with dosimetric plan quality closely comparable to the corresponding OLAR plans, thus, are not a major practical concern.ConclusionA machine learning classifier based on simple first‐order image features, that is, SSIM features and change in entropy, was developed to determine when OLAR is necessary for a daily MRI set with practical acceptable prediction accuracy. This classifier may be implemented in the MRgART process to automatically and objectively determine if OLAR is required following daily MRI.
Computational NMR of carbohydrates: 1. Glucopyranoses
Authors: Fedorov Sergei V. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA high‐level calculation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of α‐ and β‐d‐glucopyranoses is carried out at the DFT level with taking into account their conformational composition to reveal the most effective computational protocols. A number of dedicated DFT functionals in combination with Jensen's pcS‐n (n = 0–4) family of basis sets were applied to evaluate the most reliable combination. It was found that BHandHLYP/pcS‐2 provided the most accurate and reliable computational protocol. Based on the performed calculations, the established computational protocol is generally recommended for the calculation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of a wide series of carbohydrates.
Scalable and modular 8‐channel transmit and 8‐channel flexible receive coil array for 19F MRI of large animals
Authors: Özen Ali Caglar , Spreter Felix , Schimpf Waldemar , Fischer Johannes , Ilbey Serhat , Reiss Simon , Maier Alexander , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Heidt Timo , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Bock Michael 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo introduce an RF coil system consisting of an 8‐channel transmit (Tx) and 8‐channel receive (Rx) coil arrays for 19F MRI of large animals.MethodsThe Tx efficiency and homogeneity of the 8‐element loop coil array (loop size: 6 × 15 cm2) were simulated for two different pig models rendered from MR images. An 8‐channel Rx coil array consisting of a flexible 6‐channel posterior and a 2‐channel planar anterior array was designed to fit on the abdomen of an average‐sized pig in supine position. Measurements were performed in a grid phantom and ex vivo on a pig model with perfluoroctylbromide (PFOB)–filled tubes inserted in the thorax.ResultsMeasured and simulated Tx efficiency and homogeneity for the 8‐channel and 5‐channel arrays were in good agreement: 1.87 ± 0.22μT/√kW versus 1.96 ± 0.29μT/√kW, and 2.29 ± 0.39μT/√kW versus 2.41 ± 0.37μT/√kW. An isolation of 38 ± 8 dB is achieved between the 19F Tx and Rx elements, and over 30 dB between the 1H and 19F elements. The PFOB‐filled vials could be clearly identified within the cadaver abdomen with an SNR of 275 ± 51 for a 3D gradient‐echo sequence with 2‐mm isotropic resolution and 12 averages, acquired in 9:52 min:s. Performance of the Tx array was robust against phase and amplitude mismatches at the input ports.ConclusionsA modular and scalable Tx array offers improved Tx efficiency in 19F MRI of large animals with various sizes. Although conventional birdcage coils have superior Tx efficiency within the target region of interest, scalability of the Tx array to animal size is a major benefit. The described 19F coil provides homogeneous excitation and high sensitivity detection in large pig models.
Parental neglect, anxious attachment, perceived social support, and mental health among Chinese college students with left‐behind experience: A longitudinal study
Authors: Yu Si , Zhang Chunyang , Wang Yi , Liu Tianyuan , Chen Xiaoxi , Guo Jiaxin , Zhang Gaozheng , Xu Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe harm of childhood parental neglect to emerging adults' maladjustment has garnered empirical support. For college students who have left‐behind experience (LBE), this relationship is rarely discussed and the psychological process underlying this relationship is not well understood. Using a longitudinal study and guided by the Risky Families model, this study aimed to explore the mediating roles of anxious attachment and perceived social support in the link between parental neglect and maladjustment of LBE college students. We used two‐wave longitudinal data, with a time lag of 3 months, collected among Chinese college students with LBE in Chongqing (N = 391). The results revealed that parental neglect in wave one was positively associated with maladjustment (depression, anxiety, and stress) in wave two. Anxious attachment and perceived social support in wave two separately mediated the relationship between parental neglect in wave one and maladjustment in wave two. Anxious attachment and perceived social support in wave two only sequentially mediated the pathway from parental neglect to later depression. These findings emphasize the importance of anxious attachment and social support in resilience and have significant implications for LBE college students' social work practice in China.
The association between experience‐based risky choice and mathematical ability
Authors: Sheng Youyu , Yu Mingxin , Liu Pengfei , Wang Xiaozhuang , Bai Xuejun , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMathematical ability has always been considered an important influencing factor in description‐based risky choices. Experience‐based risky choices, which occur frequently in daily life, are very different from description‐based risky choices. The association between experience‐based risky choice and mathematical ability remains unknown. This study adopts the feedback paradigm for experience‐based risky choice to explore the association between multiple mathematical abilities and experience‐based risky choice. The results show that, in experience‐based risky choice, mathematical ability did not influence the decision to pursue higher expected value, but it did influence preference for risky. Thus, our study contributes to a more comprehensive view of mathematical ability and risky choice.