bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface cholesterol-enriched domains specifically promote invasion of breast cancer cell lines by controlling invadopodia and extracellular matrix degradation
Authors: Maja Mauriane , Mohammed Danahe , Dumitru Andra C. , Verstraeten Sandrine , Lingurski Maxime , Mingeot-Leclercq Marie-Paule , Alsteens David , Tyteca Donatienne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTumor cells exhibit altered cholesterol content. However, cholesterol structural subcellular distribution and implication in cancer cell invasion are poorly understood mainly due to difficulties to investigate cholesterol both quantitatively and qualitatively and to compare isogenic cell models. Here, using the MCF10A cell line series (non-tumorigenic MCF10A, pre-malignant MCF10AT and malignant MCF10CAIa cells) as a model of breast cancer progression and the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line which exhibits the common TP53 mutation, we investigated if cholesterol contributes to cancer cell invasion, whether the effects are specific to cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. We found that partial membrane cholesterol depletion specifically and reversibly decreased invasion of the malignant cell lines. Those cells exhibited dorsal surface cholesterol-enriched submicrometric domains and narrow ER-plasma membrane and ER-intracellular organelles contact sites. Dorsal cholesterol-enriched domains can be endocytosed and reach the cell ventral face where they were involved in invadopodia formation and extracellular matrix degradation. In contrast, non-malignant cells showed low cell invasion, low surface cholesterol exposure and cholesterol-dependent focal adhesions. The differential cholesterol distribution and role in breast cancer cell invasion provide new clues for the understanding of the molecular events underlying cellular mechanisms in breast cancer.
Neurologie in der DDR: eine systematische Literaturübersicht zur historischen Aufarbeitung
Authors: Armbruster Jan , Grothe Matthias , Haack Kathleen , Kumbier Ekkehardt 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Entwicklung der Neurologie verlief in beiden deutschen Staaten nach 1945 unterschiedlich, wobei nur wenig über die Neurologie in der DDR bekannt ist.

Fragestellung
Der Stand der historischen Forschung zur Neurologie in der DDR soll aufgezeigt werden.

Material und Methode
Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche für den Zeitraum 1991 bis 2021 sowie eine Einordnung der jeweiligen Beiträge in verschiedene Kategorien.

Ergebnisse
Neben einer regional sehr unterschiedlichen Aufarbeitung zu spezifischen Themen zeigt sich insgesamt ein Mangel an einer thematischen Gesamtdarstellung sowie an Arbeiten zu gesellschaftspolitischen Zusammenhängen innerhalb der DDR und vergleichenden Aspekten im deutsch-deutschen, aber auch internationalen Maßstab.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die systematische Forschung der Geschichte der Neurologie in der DDR unter Berücksichtigung der Rolle innerhalb des sozialistischen Gesundheitswesens sollte im Rahmen eines separaten Forschungsprojekts aufgearbeitet werden und dabei vergleichende Aspekte einbeziehen.
Preparation, Characterization and In vitro Biological activity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded onto poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles
Authors: Samy Moshera , Abdallah Heba M. , Awad Hanem M. , Ayoub Magdy M. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanoscale devices offer a lot of potential in drug delivery because of their small size. The goal of this work was to increase the oral bioavailability of the anti-cancer hydrophilic drug as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by incorporating it into poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLGNPs) using the double emulsion process, 5-FU- PLGNPs nanoparticles were created. Various factors, such as drug, polymer, and stabilizer concentrations, were investigated for assembly in order to arrive at the most effective formulation of 5-FU-PLGNPs. PLGNPs had a drug encapsulation efficiency of 9.75 to 24.8%. The prepared nanoparticles had a spherical shape and an average size of 212.3–285 nm, as shown by TEM. The dispersion of the drug into the prepared PLGNPs was confirmed by XRPD and FTIR. The optimized nanoparticles (F225) had high encapsulation efficiency 24.8 ± 0.21%, low particles size 212.3 ± 48.2 nm with an appropriate PDI value of 0.448, and ZP of − 48.3 ± 2.7 mV. The molecular dispersion of the medication within the system was validated by thermal behavior studies (DSC). In vitro drug release from the best-selected formulations revealed a sustained release of nanoparticles, with slower release reported when lower PVA concentrations were utilized. Three 5-FU-PLGNPs formulations were tested for anticancer efficacy against cell cultures of HCT-116 (human colorectal carcinoma), MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma), and HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma). The created formulations were examined for in vitro cytotoxic activity, revealing that they appeared to be promising effective anticancer formulations when compared to the positive controlled (doxorubicin).
Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in response to different exercise intensities
Authors: Tomschi Fabian , Lieverkus Dennis , Hilberg Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acute physical activity leads to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four different exercise intensities on EIH.

Methods
25 male (age: 24.7 ± 3.0) subjects underwent four different exercise sessions on a bicycle ergometer for 30 min each at 60, 80, 100, and 110% of the individual anaerobic threshold on separate days in a randomized crossover design. Before, as well as 5- and 45-min post-exercise, pain sensitivity was measured employing pain pressure thresholds (PPT) at the elbow, knee, and ankle joints as well as the sternum and forehead. Besides, conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was conducted using thermal test- and conditioned stimuli before, 5-, and 45-min post-exercise.

Results
A main time effect was observed regarding PPT at all landmarks except for the forehead with higher values observed 5 and 45 min post-exercise compared to the pre-values. Yet, no interaction effects occurred. CPM did not change in response to any of the intensities used.

Conclusion
EIH occurs 5 and 45 min after exercise regardless of the intensity used at the joints and sternum which might be explained by local pain-inhibiting pathways and probably to a limited degree by central mechanisms, as no hypoalgesia was observed at the forehead and no changes in CPM occurred.
Iron-catalyzed cascade synthesis of nitrogen polycycles from alkynoic acids and functionalized amines
Authors: de Sarralde Jokin Diaz , Astobieta Elene , Sevilla Ania , Rincón Yuliet , Herrero María Teresa , Urgoitia Garazi , SanMartin Raul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCatalysis by first-row transition metals is of increasing interest in the context of the scarcity of chemical resources. For instance, iron is promising due to its abundance, low toxicity and unique electronic features. Here we synthesized quinazoline alkaloids from alkynoic acids and functionalized amines in the presence of iron dibromide and pyridine in toluene or, alternatively, in a solventless reaction system. We studied iron sources, reaction media and the effect of additives. Results show 39–99% yields and regioselective preparation of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing scaffolds. This is the first example of a cascade process involving alkynoic acids catalyzed by iron. Fe is more abundant, cheaper and less toxic than other Au, Cu and Ru catalysts previously reported for similar transformations.
The Possible Time and Region of Host Switches of Ancient Malaria Parasites with Reference to the Pliocene–Quaternary Archaeological Sites in Africa
Authors: Trájer Attila J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAbout 96% of all malaria deaths occur in Africa, and the malignant falciparum malaria also originated on the continent. Although falciparum malaria only appeared in the Holocene period, it can be hypothesized that the transfer of malaria parasites from other primates to humans occurred several times in history parallel to human evolution. This study develops the model that examines the possible coexistence of the potential original host apes, human ancestors, and the diverse anopheline mosquito species; and how, where, and when the host switch of these parasites from great apes to humans occurred. Based on the Pliocene-early Pleistocene archaeological sites, it was found that certain early hominin populations could have lived in malaria areas where the anopheline mosquito fauna was moderately diverse. The people of the Lupemban Culture, as well as the Greenlandian and Northgrippian human populations of East and West-Central Africa, lived close to the high diversity of anopheline fauna and the territories of such great apes as Gorilla gorrilla. African mid-Holocene cultures likely came in contact with gorilla populations — the original hosts of Plasmodium falciparum — along the coasts of the Gulf of Guinea and the East African Rift Valley during their migration to southern Africa. The host switch of the ancestor of the falciparum malaria parasite likely occurred in these regions.
Evaluating conversational recommender systems
Authors: Jannach Dietmar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConversational recommender systems aim to interactively support online users in their information search and decision-making processes in an intuitive way. With the latest advances in voice-controlled devices, natural language processing, and AI in general, such systems received increased attention in recent years. Technically, conversational recommenders are usually complex multi-component applications and often consist of multiple machine learning models and a natural language user interface. Evaluating such a complex system in a holistic way can therefore be challenging, as it requires (i) the assessment of the quality of the different learning components, and (ii) the quality perception of the system as a whole by users. Thus, a mixed methods approach is often required, which may combine objective (computational) and subjective (perception-oriented) evaluation techniques. In this paper, we review common evaluation approaches for conversational recommender systems, identify possible limitations, and outline future directions towards more holistic evaluation practices.
A review of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components
Authors: Zhang Bin , Liu Hongsheng , Zhou Shengxi , Gao Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric energy harvesting is considered as an ideal power resource for low-power consumption gadgets in vibrational environments. The energy extraction efficiency depends highly on the interface circuit, and should be highly improved to meet the power requirements. The nonlinear interface circuits in discrete components have been extensively explored and developed with the advantages of easy implementation, stable operation, high efficiency, and low cost. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art progress of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components. First, the working principles and the advantages/disadvantages of four classical interface circuits are described. Then, the improved circuits based on the four typical circuits and other types of circuits are introduced in detail, and the advantages/disadvantages, output power, efficiency, energy consumption, and practicability of these circuits are analyzed. Finally, the future development trends of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting circuits, e.g., self-powered extraction, low-power consumption, and broadband characteristic, are predicted.
A brief review of metamaterials for opening low-frequency band gaps
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhou Jiaxi , Tan Dongguo , Li Zeyi , Lin Qida , Xu Daolin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetamaterials are an emerging type of man-made material capable of obtaining some extraordinary properties that cannot be realized by naturally occurring materials. Due to tremendous application foregrounds in wave manipulations, metamaterials have gained more and more attraction. Especially, developing research interest of low-frequency vibration attenuation using metamaterials has emerged in the past decades. To better understand the fundamental principle of opening low-frequency (below 100 Hz) band gaps, a general view on the existing literature related to low-frequency band gaps is presented. In this review, some methods for fulfilling low-frequency band gaps are firstly categorized and detailed, and then several strategies for tuning the low-frequency band gaps are summarized. Finally, the potential applications of this type of metamaterial are briefly listed. This review is expected to provide some inspirations for realizing and tuning the low-frequency band gaps by means of summarizing the related literature.
Long-term changes in bryophyte diversity of central European managed forests depending on site environmental features
Authors: Cacciatori Cecilia , Czerepko Janusz , Lech Paweł 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCryptogamic diversity is a reliable indicator of the state of forest ecosystems. In this study we analysed the variations in both bryophyte species richness overall and number of hemerophobic bryophyte species in Central European managed forests over a 20-year time span, based on data collected in 132 plots scattered across Poland. We tested differences in species richness among five temporal replicates, as well as among site types grouped based on elevation a.s.l., dominant tree species and stand age. The analyses revealed no significant trend in species richness across years. Meanwhile, species richness significantly increased along with elevation a.s.l., especially in broadleaved forests. No significant difference in species number between spruce and pine dominated stands emerged for mature stands, while there was a strong difference for young stands, with spruce forest hosting a much higher number of species. Species richness exhibited a slight, but not significant, increase over time in broadleaved forests, no significant variations in pine dominated stands and significant fluctuations in spruce dominated stands, yet without a significant trend. Out of the tested drivers, dominant tree species exhibited the strongest impact on species community composition. Number of hemerophobic and strongly hemerophobic species did not undergo significant variations across years either. The lack of bryophyte diversity trends highlighted in this study suggests Central European managed forests are in an equilibrium sate, maintained by the opposing effects of climate changes, on one side and of more sustainable forest management and pollutant deposition decline, from the other.
Prediction of the minimum effective size of a population viable in the long term
Authors: Pérez-Pereira Noelia , Wang Jinliang , Quesada Humberto , Caballero Armando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe establishment of the minimum size for a viable population (MVP) has been used as a guidance in conservation practice to determine the extinction risks of populations and species. A consensus MVP rule of 50/500 individuals has been attained, according to which a minimum effective population size of Ne = 50 is needed to avoid extinction due to inbreeding depression in the short term, and of Ne = 500 to survive in the long term. However, the large inbreeding loads (B) usually found in nature, as well as the consideration of selection affecting genetic diversity, have led to a suggestion that those numbers should be doubled (100/1000). Purging of deleterious mutations can also be a main factor affecting the suggested rules. In a previous simulation study, the reduction of B by the action of purging pointed towards an MVP intermediate between the two rules for short term survival. Here, we focused on the consequences of purging in the establishment of MVPs for long term survival. We performed computer simulations of populations under the action of purging, drift, new mutation, and environmental effects on fitness to investigate the extinction times and the loss of genetic diversity for a range of effective population sizes. Our results indicate that purging can reduce the MVP needed for a population to persist in the long term, with estimates close to Ne = 500 for species with moderately large reproductive rates. However, MVP values appear to be of at least Ne = 1000 when the species´ reproductive rates are low.
Functional localization of audiovisual speech using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Butera Iliza M. , Larson Eric D. , DeFreese Andrea J. , Lee Adrian KC , Gifford René H. , Wallace Mark T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVisual cues are especially vital for hearing impaired individuals such as cochlear implant (CI) users to understand speech in noise. Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a light-based imaging technology that is ideally suited for measuring the brain activity of CI users due to its compatibility with both the ferromagnetic and electrical components of these implants. In a preliminary step toward better elucidating the behavioral and neural correlates of audiovisual (AV) speech integration in CI users, we designed a speech-in-noise task and measured the extent to which 24 normal hearing individuals could integrate the audio of spoken monosyllabic words with the corresponding visual signals of a female speaker. In our behavioral task, we found that audiovisual pairings provided average improvements of 103% and 197% over auditory-alone listening conditions in −6 and −9 dB signal-to-noise ratios consisting of multi-talker background noise. In an fNIRS task using similar stimuli, we measured activity during auditory-only listening, visual-only lipreading, and AV listening conditions. We identified cortical activity in all three conditions over regions of middle and superior temporal cortex typically associated with speech processing and audiovisual integration. In addition, three channels active during the lipreading condition showed uncorrected correlations associated with behavioral measures of audiovisual gain as well as with the McGurk effect. Further work focusing primarily on the regions of interest identified in this study could test how AV speech integration may differ for CI users who rely on this mechanism for daily communication.
National attribution of historical climate damages
Authors: Callahan Christopher W. , Mankin Justin S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantifying which nations are culpable for the economic impacts of anthropogenic warming is central to informing climate litigation and restitution claims for climate damages. However, for countries seeking legal redress, the magnitude of economic losses from warming attributable to individual emitters is not known, undermining their standing for climate liability claims. Uncertainties compound at each step from emissions to global greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, GHG concentrations to global temperature changes, global temperature changes to country-level temperature changes, and country-level temperature changes to economic losses, providing emitters with plausible deniability for damage claims. Here we lift that veil of deniability, combining historical data with climate models of varying complexity in an integrated framework to quantify each nation’s culpability for historical temperature-driven income changes in every other country. We find that the top five emitters (the United States, China, Russia, Brazil, and India) have collectively caused US$6 trillion in income losses from warming since 1990, comparable to 11% of annual global gross domestic product; many other countries are responsible for billions in losses. Yet the distribution of warming impacts from emitters is highly unequal: high-income, high-emitting countries have benefited themselves while harming low-income, low-emitting countries, emphasizing the inequities embedded in the causes and consequences of historical warming. By linking individual emitters to country-level income losses from warming, our results provide critical insight into climate liability and national accountability for climate policy.
What knowledge counts—boundaries of knowledge in cross-institutional curricula in higher education
Authors: Annala Johanna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore knowledge in the context of creating a shared curriculum between research-intensive and vocationally oriented universities of applied sciences. Curriculum knowledge was explored from the accounts of 26 teachers from four institutions in Finland. Shared curriculum initiatives created an environment in which teachers were obliged to negotiate and make explicit their approaches to curriculum knowledge and knowledge practices. The phenomenon of blurring boundaries is approached with Bernstein’s sociology of education. The present findings show that institutions have a distinct foundation for curriculum knowledge, but cross-curricular initiatives brought pressure to change towards the knowledge practices of the other institution. Discrepancies were found between knowledge and learning outcomes, and between knowledge as a negotiated artefact and knowledge as enacted in curriculum implementation. Curriculum knowledge emerged with symbolic boundaries and an invisible pedagogic order. This resulted in practices where the official discourse appears to have similar learning outcomes, which are not similar from the perspective of knowledge. Focus on a harmonised degree, as stated in the European qualification framework, obscures the question of knowledge and requires more attention. This is especially the case if the boundaries between degrees and institutions are purposely weakened. If the rationale to weaken the boundaries is on the streamlined educational processes and their efficacy, there is a risk of gaps in knowledge provided for students in the higher education.
On the force field optimisation of $$\beta$$-lactam cores using the force field Toolkit
Authors: Wu Qiyang , Huang Tianyang , Xia Songyan , Otto Frank , Lee Tzong-Yi , Huang Hsien-Da , Chiang Ying-Chih 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for computer-aided drug design, the quality of the used force fields is highly important. Here we present reparametrisations of the force fields for the core molecules from 9 different $$\beta$$
β
-lactam classes, for which we utilized the force field Toolkit and Gaussian calculations. We focus on the parametrisation of the dihedral angles, with the goal of reproducing the optimised quantum geometry in MD simulations. Parameters taken from CGenFF turn out to be a good initial guess for the multiplicity of each dihedral angle, but the key to a successful parametrisation is found to lie in the phase shifts. Based on the optimised quantum geometry, we come up with a strategy for predicting the phase shifts prior to the dihedral potential fitting. This allows us to successfully parameterise 8 out of the 11 molecules studied here, while the remaining 3 molecules can also be parameterised with small adjustments. Our work highlights the importance of predicting the dihedral phase shifts in the ligand parametrisation protocol, and provides a simple yet valuable strategy for improving the process of parameterising force fields of drug-like molecules.