bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of advanced hypopharyngeal cervical esophageal cancer with management of tracheoesophageal fistula and complete resection
Authors: Ohno Shinya , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Endo Masahide , Sato Yuta , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Okumura Naoki , Takahashi Takao , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Advanced esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion is fatal due to airway narrowing, and due to the possibility of tracheoesophageal fistula formation during the treatment process. If a tracheoesophageal fistula develops, palliative care is often chosen, and curative resection is very rarely achieved.Case Presentation: A 71-year-old man presented with dysphagia. He was diagnosed hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer with severe airway stenosis (cT4b [main bronchus, thyroid] N3 M0 cStageIIIC); we initially created a tracheostomy. He received induction chemotherapy (docetaxel, nedaplatin and S-1: DGS). After one course of DGS therapy, he developed a tracheoesophageal fistula due to tumor shrinkage. We managed both the airway route and nutrition strictly under continuous suctioning over the cuff of the tracheal cannula, prohibited swallowing saliva, and provided enteral nutrition using a nasogastric tube. Three courses of DGS therapy were performed. A clinical complete response was achieved. We then performed pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. His response was evaluated as a pathological complete response (pretreatment effect grade 3) and we achieved R0 resection. Two courses of DGS therapy were administered as adjuvant chemotherapy. He is currently alive without recurrence at 9 years after treatment.Conclusions: In the case of upper tracheoesophageal fistula caused by advanced hypopharyngeal cervical esophageal cancer, chemotherapy under strict airway and nutritional management after tracheostomy may facilitate radical surgery.
Case report: Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyps causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a child with a horseshoe kidney
Authors: Ding Yanting , Hu Dechao , Zhou benzheng , Lu Xiaofei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundUreteral Fibroepithelial Polyps (UFPs) are benign tumors that arise from the mesodermal layer. The disease is a rare cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), particularly in children. Case presentationwe present a case of a child preoperatively diagnosed with UPJO and urogenic sepsis owing to horseshoe kidney using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). During surgery, we found that the ureteral polyp rather than the horseshoe kidney was the cause of the PUJO.Thenus, the ureteral polyp was resected, and end-to-end anastomosis was performed with the renal pelvis and ureters. An F5 double J tube was indwelling and removed by ureteroscopy three months later. No special adverse events were found during 1-year follow-up. ConclusionsWhen the clinical and radiographic findings of the patient are incompatible with the common etiology, ureteral fibroepithelial polyps should be considered as a rare cause of PUJO.
Competitive effects are significantly affected by soil water condition in the first year and by neighbor richness in the second year: A two-year simulated experiment
Authors: Hao Guang , Yang Nan , Liu Yulin , Wang Jinlong , Zhao Nianxi , Li Hongyuan , Ren Anzhi , Gao Yubao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Understanding how plant-plant interactions vary with biotic and abiotic factors is vital to protect degraded grassland communities, especially under global climate changes. However, how soil water condition and species diversity interactively affect competition between the dominant species and its neighbors over time remains unclear.
Method
Using a dominant species in semi-arid Inner Mongolia Steppe, Leymus chinensis, as the target species and ten other species as neighbors, we carried out a two-year microcosm experiment to evaluate how soil water condition (SWC) and neighbor richness (NR) affected the competitive effect of neighbors (CRCI) on L. chinensis directly or indirectly.
Results
(1) In the first experiment year, SWC affected CRCI directly and indirectly via regulating community-weighted mean (CWM) of height absolute distance, supporting competition-trait similarity hypothesis. (2) In the second experimental year, NR showed significant effect on CRCI. Moreover, functional dispersion (FDis) of neighbors mediated the response of CRCI to the changes in neighbor richness, supporting vacant niche hypothesis. In addition, there was a negative association between CWM of height hierarchical distance and CRCI, and a positive association between CWM of specific leaf area hierarchical distance and CRCI in the second year, supporting competition-trait hierarchy hypothesis. In general, the relative importance of NR on CRCI increased over time.
Conclusions
These findings provide strong empirical evidence of how plant-plant interactions respond to changes of biotic and abiotic factors in semi-arid Inner Mongolia Steppe over time, and novel insights for mechanisms by which biodiversity and climate changes affect plant-plant interactions.
Long Term Green Tea Intervention with Exercise Efficiently Ameliorate Hepatic Steatosis and Obesity Complication in High Fat Diet Induced Mice
Authors: Ruru Wang , Gu Mingxing , Zhang Yanzhong , Zhong Qinglin , Chen Llinbo , Li Daxiang , Xie Zhongwen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dietary habits and exercise play important roles in wellbeing of human health. Currently, how long of drinking tea with exercise could be efficiently ameliorating hepatic steatosis and obesity complication still need to be investigated. Here, we comparatively explored short and long term green tea consumption plus exercise improve hepatic steatosis and obesity complication in high fat diet (HFD) mice. Our results showed that Yunkang 10 green tea (YKGT) plus exercise exhibited synergistic prevention effects on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and obesity complication at the 8-week intervention. Moreover, 22-week intervention with YKGT or exercise improved all symptoms of obesity complication, which indicated that long term intervention exhibited profound preventive effects than short term. All treatments inhibited NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at both 8- and 22-week intervention, indicated that inflammation may be a cause event for developing hepatic steatosis. The key molecules for regulating lipid and glucose metabolism SCD1 were obviously down-regulated, and GLU2 and PPARγ were significantly up-regulated by YKGT and exercise in the liver of HFD mice. This study demonstrated that long term intervention with YKGT and exercise effectively relieved hepatic steatosis and obesity complication by ameliorating hepatic inflammation, reducing lipid synthesis and accelerating glucose transport.
Opportunistic agroecological adaptation by farmers under semi-arid conditions of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Dheeraj , Chaudhary M K , Kumar Chandan , Kuri B R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climatic vulnerability and multiple stressors have compelled small-holder farmer world over to develop location specific knowledge and adaptation strategies to sustain their livelihoods in risk-prone ecosystems. Under these conditions local farmers face of high temperature, hot and dry winds, low and delayed monsoon, high salinity in ground water, erratic rainfall and early recession of rains. The farmers of arid zone store runoff water in catchment area and effectively utilize the conserved soil moisture for crop diversification under varying moisture regimes. This opportunity is now adapted with introduction of muskmelon or cantaloupe a fruit vegetable relished for its taste and sweetness. In the land, freed from water, grows muskmelon in the conserved moisture during last week of February. This adaptation is continued when there is very minimal competition with other agricultural enterprises. Based on the 3 years study, observed that muskmelon grown with adequate irrigation supply and with high inputs recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters, fruits yield as well as delayed in flowering and maturity as compared to conserved moisture with low inputs. There was no significant difference were observed in the overall profitability among muskmelon cultivation conditions. The conserved moisture with low inputs recorded higher benefit cost ratio. This location specific agro-ecological adaptation empowers other farmers, who are landless and relatively more marginalized. It also provides an insight for the formal science about how formal and informal knowledge can be hybridized to co-produce more robust adaptation to convert stressors into opportunity.
Analysis of the Generalized Progressive Hybrid Censoring Technique from Exponentiated Exponential Stress Strength Model
Authors: Yousef Manal M. , Hassan Amal S. , Almetwally Ehab M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The statistical inference of R = P (X < Y < Z) for a component when it is exposed to two independent stresses and it having one strength for exponentiared exponential distribution is regarded. We assume that both stresses and strength variables follow exponenti-ated exponential distribution with a common scale parameter. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques are used to get various point and interval estimators for the reliability model via generalized progressive hybrid censoring samples. This scheme can reduce total test time as well as costs, resulting in improved statistical analysis efficiency. Furthermore, Bayesian estimators for symmetric such as squared error, and asymmetric loss functions such as linear exponential are derived. We propose using Markov chain Monte Carlo approach due to complicated forms of Bayesian estimator. Asymptotic distribution theory is used to calculate the confidence intervals. We further compute Bayes estimates along with credible intervals. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to compare the efficiency of the proposed estimations. Finally, for example reasons, a progressively censored real-data set is shown.
Health system factors associated with access to oral healthcare among adults in Asamankese, Eastern Region, Ghana
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi John , Adomah-Afari Augustine , Aidam Kizito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
: The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with access to oral healthcare among adults in Asamankese, Eastern Region, Ghana.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional design was used in this study involving 310 adults. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic characteristics of the study population. Access to oral healthcare was described using the five dimensions of access on a five-point Likert scale: affordability, availability, accessibility, accommodation and acceptability. The chi square test was used to determine association between the independent variable; health system factors and the dependent variable (access to oral healthcare). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the strength of association between the dependent variable and independent variables. The level of statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.
Results
The results showed that access to quality oral healthcare was moderate (69%). Distance to oral health was a factor that influenced access (p < 0.05). Affordability was the major health system factor that significantly associated with access to quality oral healthcare (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The study concludes and recommends that there will be the need to setup a dental facility closer to the community, make the National Health Insurance Scheme effective to fully cover dental procedures to improve affordability. The study suggests that policy makers should consider these factors to improve access to quality oral healthcare.
SRSF3 and HNRNPH1 regulate alternative splicing of PRMT5 induced by ionizing radiation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wen Chaowei , Tian Zhujun , Li Lan , Qu Shugen , Chen Tongke , Liang Zhenzhen , Chen Huajian , Ying Yimeng , Dai Jichen , Li Ping , Liu Yi , Li Mengke , Ma Shumei , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Aberrant splice variants play different roles in the formation of tumors. We observed the splice isoform of Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5-ISO5) increases in HCC patients undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy, which is associated with improvement of poor prognosis. However, the mechanism of alternative splicing of PRMT5-ISO5 induced by ionizing radiation (IR) is still unclear.
Methods
The transcriptional changes of PRMT5-ISO5 induced by IR were validated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify potential splicing factors involved in regulating PRMT5 splicing. Small interferring RNA and overexpressing plasmids for SRSF3 and HNRNPH1 were introduced into HCC cell lines, followed by in vitro functional experiments in regulating PRMT5 splicing by RT-qPCR, western blot and RNA-immunoprecipitation assay in vitro. The roles of IR-induced PRMT5-ISO5 and hepatocyte-specific Prmt5 knockout on HCC progression were evaluated in vivo.
Results
we indicated IR could induce PRMT5-ISO5 transcript in HCC cells by virtue of splicing factors SRSF3 and HNRNPH1. Mechanistically, HNRNPH1 silencing resulted in the decrease of PRMT5-ISO5 while SRSF3 silencing led to the increase of PRMT5-ISO5. In addition, both SRSF3 and HNRNPH1 bound to PRMT5 precursor mRNA on the region around 3' splicing site of intron 2 and alternative 3’ splicing site on exon 4, leading to their opposite functions on regulating PRMT5 splicing. In vivo, the increase of PRMT5-ISO5 induced by IR led to tumor regression, and liver-specific Prmt5 depletion decelerated the progression of Akt/N-Ras-derived spontaneous HCC.
Conclusion
Our study not only provides mechanistic views that IR-induced SRSF3 downregulation leads to the imbalance of SRSF3 and HNRNPH1 in regulating PRMT5-ISO5 transcript, but also indicates a potential radiotherapeutic of PRMT5-ISO5 in HCC formation since liver-specific Prmt5 knockout inhibits spontaneous HCC tumorigenesis.
Bisphenol F induces testicular toxicity via upregulation of xanthine oxidase/uric acid signalling and downregulation of testicular steroidogenic enzymes in male Wistar rats
Authors: Odetayo Adeyemi Fatai , Adeyemi Wale Johnson , Olayaki Lukman Aribidesi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of bisphenol F (BPF) on testicular integrity and function. The roles of xanthine oxidase/uric acid signalling and steroidogenic enzymes were also probed. METHODOLOGY: Male Wistar rats were randomized into vehicle-treated control, BPF-treated (10, 30, and 50mg/kg), and BPF-treated recovery (animals treated with varying BPF doses and allowed a 28-day exposure free period for recovery) (n= 6 rats per group). The administration was via gavage and lasted for 28 days. Animals in the recovery groups were allowed a 28-day exposure-free period after the initial 28 days of BPF exposure.RESULTS: BPF resulted in the distortion of the testicular histoarchitecture, accompanied by a significant rise in testicular GGT and LDH activities but a decline in SDH activity. Also, BPF caused a significant reduction in plasma GnRH, LH, FSH, and testosterone, which was associated with the downregulation of testicular 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(17β-HSD) activities. Furthermore, BPF induced testicular inflammation, redox imbalance, and apoptosis, accompanied by elevated xanthine oxidase activity and uric acid concentration. Again, the observed toxic effects of BPF were dose-dependent and not reversed by BPF exposure withdrawal.CONCLUSION: Bisphenol F-induced gonadotoxicity by down-regulating the activities of steroidogenic enzymes and upregulation of xanthine oxidase/uric acid signalling.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: Characteristics and Rapid Diagnostic Approach in the Emergency Department
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhao Na , Guan Hongzhi , Walline Joseph Harold , Zhu Huadong , Yu Xuezhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a common type of autoimmune encephalitis. Patients with this condition are frequently very ill but are often misdiagnosed in the Emergency Department (ED). The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of anti-NMDAR patients in the ED and to identify any associations with a diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively obtained cohort of ED patients from May 2011 to December 2017. We identified patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in this cohort and extracted key patient characteristics and clinical data, including patient gender, age, presentation, modified Rank Score (m-RS), laboratory test results, significant treatments, and mortality.Results87 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were identified. 54 (62.1%) were female, 23 (26.4%) were <18 years old, 14 (16.1%) had teratoma, and 45 (51.7%) had an m-RS ≥4. Fever, altered mental status, and seizures were the most common symptoms, with a >50% incidence of each symptom in the cohort. The sensitivity of CSF oligoclonal band (OB) testing was 78.9%. 22 (25.3%) were admitted to the ICU, 20 (23.0%) patients were intubated, but only one patient died (1.1%). 47 (54.0%) were misdiagnosed prior to ED arrival. All patients underwent immunotherapy as first-line treatment for anti-NMDAR encephalitis.ConclusionsA majority of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients presenting to the ED were female and were likely to be misdiagnosed prior to arrival. Patients with symptoms of fever, altered mental status, and seizures need a lumbar puncture, including CSF OB testing, for definitive diagnosis.
Diffractive liquid crystal smart window for privacy application
Authors: Han Chan-Hee , Eo Hyeonseok , Choi Tae-Hoon , Kim Wook-Sung , Oh Seung-Won 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using a single substrate, we demonstrate a simple two-dimensional (2-D) phase grating cell with an octothorp electrode. Owing to the large spatial phase difference in any direction, the proposed grating cell has a high haze value in the opaque state (76.7%); Moreover, it has the advantages of a one-dimensional (1-D) phase grating cell, such as high fabricability, fast response time, and low operating voltage. Furthermore, the proposed grating cell has a faster response time than the 2-D grating cell (comparable to a 1-D grating cell). Consequently, we expect our proposed grating cell to find applications in virtual reality (VR)/augmented reality (AR) systems or window displays with fast response times.
Preventing blastocyst culture failure risk in IVF cycles merits a strategy of cleavage backup combined with blastocyst culture
Authors: Ren-Tao Jin , Na-Ru Zhou , Xiao-Hua Jiang , Bo Xu , Fang-Ting Lu , Li-Hua Luo , Luan Hong-Bing , Xian-Hong Tong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBlastocyst transfer is associated with a high cycle cancellation rate due to more early embryo arrest. However, cleavage backup combined with blastocyst culture maybe merit prevention blastocyst culture failure. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 7026 cycles between October 2017 and August 2020 in our center for reproductive medicine. Two day-3 embryos were transferred or cryopreserved in addition to at least 1 surplus embryo extended the culture for blastocysts. The primary objective was to analyze the factors of influencing blastocyst formation. The secondary objective was to study the fate of sibling cleavage embryos after sparing the embryo culture for blastocysts.ResultsIn all included cycles, there was 12.43% occurrence without blastocyst formation (CNB), 5.19% of nonavailable blastocysts (NAB), and 82.38% cycles with at least 1 valuable blastocyst (CHB). The number of day-3 embryos was associated with blastocyst formation outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.71), and older women and short agonist ovary stimulation decreased the odds of blastocyst formation (aOR 0.97 and 0.18, respectively). Female age and numbers of embryos for blastocyst culture were related to blastocyst quality (aOR 0.98 and 1.36, respectively). Some couples underwent fresh cleavage transfer (CNB 453, NAB 203, CHB 2341), and the pregnancy rate was significantly higher with positive culture results (CHB 47.97%, NAB 34.48%, CNB 34.88%, P=0.001). There was a lower chance of being pregnant for advanced aged women (aOR 0.94). Compared with mild ovary stimulation, the long stimulation protocol and modified ultralong protocol were beneficial for pregnancy after day-3 embryo transfer (aOR 1.62 and 2.77, respectively). Cleavage of embryos from cycles with available blastocysts increased the odds of implantation (CHB 35.25%, CNB 23.40%, NAB 24.88%, P<0.001). Pregnancy from cycles of no available blastocyst was associated with higher odds of miscarriage (NAB 19.10%, CNB 9.84%, CHB 10.70%). Outcome of blastocyst formation had no influence on preterm birth rate (CNB 12.03%, NAB 18.21%, CHB 18.45%, respectively, P=0.139), birth defects (CNB 1.05%, NAB 1.09% CHB 0.89% P=0.966), or sex ratio of male proportion (CNB 0.57, NAB 0.55, CHB 0.53, P=0.669).ConclusionsThe pregnancy outcome of sibling cleavage transfer is related to blastocyst formation of spare embryos. For negative blastocyst culture patients, there is a lower but acceptable live birth rate from sibling cleavage transfer. Cleavage backup combined with blastocyst culture may prevent blastocyst formation failure risk.
Does COVID-19 infection change thyroid hormone levels? A comparative cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Afshari Poorandokht , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Abedi Parvin , Beheshtinasab Maryam , Maraghi Elham , Meghdadi Hossein 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Given the paucity of research investigating the changes of thyroid hormones in people affected with COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of thyroid hormones in people affected by COVID-19 infection in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study on 78 patients with COVID-19 infection and 80 individuals without infection. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (TT3) and tetraiodothyronine (TT4) were measured in hospitalized patients and one month after recovery and in participants without infection. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, and ANCOVA. Results: The level of TSH at baseline in the hospitalized patients was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.24±1.08 vs. 2.05± 1.02 mlU/L, respectively, p<.0001). The mean level of TT3 was 1.20±0.24 and 1.28 ± 1.25 ng/dL in the case and control groups respectively (p=.188). The level of TT4 in the case group was high at baseline in comparison to the control group (8.48±2.27 vs. 7.76 ± 1.43 ng/dL, p=.076) that was reduced in the follow-up period. Thirty-five (44.8%) patients had severe disease and were admitted to ICU, that nine of them have died. The level of TSH was non- significantly lower in patients with severe disease compared to those with moderate disease. Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 infection showed abnormalities in thyroid hormones such as decreased levels of TSH. Patients with severe disease had a lower level of TSH. More investigation about thyroid function in patients with COVID-19 are recommended.