bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary and lifestyle changes among Pakistani adults during COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Yasmin Farah , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Sahito Abdul Moiz , Savul Subhan , Iqbal Afridi Muhammad Sohaib , Ahmed Maham Jawaid , Shah Syed Muhammad Ismail , Siddiqui Sarush Ahmed , Nauman Hamza , Khattak Abdullah Khan , Qazi Saba , Ullah Irfan 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
During the pandemic, sedentary behaviors, anxiety, and boredom caused by confinement at home could affect lifestyle patterns, degrade diet quality, and promote overconsumption. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the impact of lockdowns on lifestyle behaviors among Pakistan’s population and changes in the nutritional and eating patterns.

Materials and Methods:
This is an online, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. The study collected demographic information, dietary habits, and lifestyle patterns. Descriptive and summary statistics were used to describe data, and Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used for associations.

Results:
Most respondents were females (82.1%) aged 18–29 years (98.1%). 90.3% of them were students. 16.0% were overweight pre-pandemic, which increased to 20.0% during the pandemic. The majority ate more during the pandemic (P < 0.001). 47.9% reported a physical activity duration of 0.5–2 h pre-pandemic, and 50.6% reported decreased physical activity during the pandemic, with increased food intake (P = 0.007). Screen time was <4 h for most (48.8%) participants pre-pandemic, and the majority (89.7%) of respondents reported an increased screen time during the pandemic, associated with a higher food intake (47.9%, P = 0.029).

Conclusion:
The pandemic has negatively impacted lifestyles and diets, including a significant decrease in physical activity, increased food intake, and increased screen time.
SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies among participants presenting to a voluntary testing facility in Srinagar, Kashmir
Authors: Kousar Rafiya , Sabah Iram , Qazi Tanzeela B. , Haq Inaamul , Qurieshi Mariya A. , Salim Khan Shahzada Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The tide of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has scoured the global community with India, from 30 January 2020 to 30 September 2021, reporting 33,739,980 confirmed cases and over 448,090 deaths from coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection among the general public will provide essential information regarding the risk of infection. So, the present study was conducted to provide relevant information on the proportion of people who hadexperienced either a recent or past infection.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults >18 years in the Department of Community Medicine, Government medical college, Srinagar. Blood samples of the participants were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay-based serologic test.

Results:
A total of 2,107 participants took part in the study. The overall unadjusted seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in our study was 49%. The age-adjusted seroprevalence was 52%.

Conclusion:
The findings of the study suggested that not only a large proportion (49%) of the participants had been infected with COVID-19 infection but many were also susceptible to infection. Therefore, infection control measures still need to be followed properly.
Prevalence of anemia among reproductive-age females in the Tharu tribe of the Indo–Nepal border region
Authors: Singh Bhupendra , Verma Shailendra P. , Chauhan Aparajita S. , Verma Durga P. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
India shares the largest number of anemia patients globally. Anemia in reproductive-age female, affects not only the maternal mortality and morbidity but inversely affect the pregnancy outcome also. Tribals in India are geographically isolated and most of them belong to very low socio-economic status. Regarding Tharu tribes, to date, there is no study to find the prevalence of anemia in this community.

Aim:
We aim to find the prevalence of anemia in the reproductive-age female of the Tharu community. Additionally, we also accessed the severity and possible causes of anemia.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 440 reproductive age females from the Tharu community were recruited in this study from Tharu predominant Tulsipur tehsil of Balrampur district on 8 December 2019. CBC of each sample was performed by a 3-part basic hematology analyzer.

Results:
The mean (SD) hemoglobin level of the study group observed was 11.11 (±1.96) gm/dl with a median value of 11.3 gm/dl. Prevalence of anemia was noted in 283 (64.32%) participants. Amongst the anemic subjects, mild, moderate, and severe anemia was noted in 33.57%, 57.24%, and 9.19%, respectively. Microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic anemia was noted in 53.00%, 44.88%, and 2.12%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The high prevalence of mild and moderate anemia in reproductive-age women is a matter of concern and should be dealt with priority. Community-based screening for hemoglobinopathies is also needed to evaluate the actual cause of anemia.
Sero-epidemiological survey of SARS-Cov2 in urban slums of a capital city: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Nirala Santosh K. , Naik Bijaya N. , Chaudhary Neha , Ranjan Alok , Mahto Mala , Pandey Sanjay , Singh Chandra Mani , Singh Prabhat K. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Slums are the most vulnerable settlements for COVID-19 infection due to overcrowding and unsanitary conditions. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine the level of seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 infection among slum dwellers.

Material and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted at several slums of Patna over four weeks, that is, January 20–February 20, 2021. A total of 650 participants were recruited in the study by applying a two-stage random sampling technique.

Results:
Seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody was found to be 31.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27.9–35.1). The seropositivity prevalence was found to be statistically higher among participants belonging to the age group of 18–30 years (41.1%), male gender (67.9%), high-risk occupation (70%), below poverty line (BPL) economic status (62.1%), and residing in a hut (51.2%) and kutcha house (42.4%). Further, 262 participants reported having COVID-like symptoms in the preceding 1 month of the survey, which was found to be significantly associated with the seropositivity status.

Conclusion:
The finding of the study reflects that a moderate seroprevalence level of COVID-19 infection was acquired in the slum settings of Bihar. Unchecked spread in these informal communities will pose a serious threat to the rest of the bigger sections of urban populations. This indirectly calls for early intervention in the form of preference in the roadmap of COVID-19 vaccination.
A retrospective assessment of the dental malpractice cases filed in Riyadh from 2009-2015
Authors: Abomalik Ali M. , Alsanea Jamal A. , Alkadhi Omar H. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Malpractice is one of the most significant hazards to patient safety in healthcare and is considered the second factor associated with the overall quality of the healthcare system.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malpractice in dentistry and its possible causes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during 2009-2015.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional retrospective analysis of the dental complaints filed by the patients in the general directorate of forensic medicine centers in Riyadh was reviewed, and the data was collected. Descriptive statistics of frequency distribution and percentages were calculated using the collected data. The Chi-square test for categorical variables was performed with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The Riyadh region reported 168 (14.5%) dental malpractice cases during 2009- 2015. The highest number of malpractice cases was reported in 2010 (18.45%), and the least number of cases was reported in 2011 (10.1%). Prosthodontic specialty had the highest number of lawsuits (32.4%), followed by orthodontics (20.2%) and endodontics (15.8%). The Chi-square test showed no association between the different specialties and types of malpractice (P = 0.881) and between compensation and the type of malpractice (P = 0.832). Among the 114 cases, financial compensation was the most common retribution.

Conclusion:
Dental malpractice prevalence was high in the private sector, followed by the government and military sectors, with the highest number of cases registered against the prosthodontic specialty. Dental malpractice is a serious concern that can be prevented by fair and honest policies and thorough patient education.
Clinico-pathological profile of pancytopenia patients in a single health care centre of northern India
Authors: Bhushan Divendu , Shukla Rahul , Roy Ranjini , Agarwal Mukta 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pancytopenia is a clinical outcome of various pathological conditions ranging from bone marrow suppression, bone marrow infiltration, infections, hypersplenism, haemolysis, and haematological malignancies. As such is the most common cause in drug induced (chemotherapy) bone marrow suppression. As most of these patients first contact their primary care physicians, a quick workup will resolve many diagnosis and can give a hint towards a life threatening condition too.

Material and Methods:
We included all patients admitted with pancytopenia at our tertiary care centre except those who were drug induced. They were evaluated and given appropriate treatment.

Results:
We observed 73 patients in a year, after excluding drug-induced pancytopenia, and showed aplastic anaemia was the foremost cause (31.5%) followed by vitamin B12 deficiency (19.2%), infections (13.7%), hypersplenism and haematological malignancies.

Conclusion:
Majority of adult patients admitted with pancytopenia are diagnosed to have curable cause like vitamin deficiency and infections but significant number was also of aplastic anaemia, a condition that requires specialist care.
Acceptance and adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination among the health care workers at a health care centre in the most backward district of India
Authors: Sharma Amita , Jain Megha , Vigarniya Monika 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Researchers have evaluated many repurposed drugs for treating COVID-19 in terms of both efficacy and safety in the past several months. It has been seen that vaccination is an effective way to stop the pandemic from spreading further. Being frontline workers dealing with COVID-19 patients, the healthcare workers (HCWs) in public and private sectors were prioritized to get vaccinated first. Also, HCWs are a reliable source of information on vaccination to patients; therefore, their acceptance or otherwise of COVID-19 vaccines may influence the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among the general population.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the acceptance and adverse effects following the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs of Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College (SHKM GMC), a tertiary healthcare centre located in the district of Nuh Haryana.

Result:
In our study, more than half of the respondents (63.8%) experienced mild–moderate anxiety while the rest of the respondents experienced mild anxiety or moderately high levels of anxiety prior to the first dose, which is indicative of hesitancy towards the vaccine. Two-thirds of respondents in our study reported mild and common symptoms following vaccination while the remaining one-third did not report any symptom. More than half of the respondents (67.3%) claimed not taking the first dose even after two months after the initiation of vaccination drive at SHKM GMC, stating fear of some kind of reaction or side-effects, safety concerns regarding vaccine, reservations concerning the success of vaccination, and the efficiency of the vaccine.

Conclusion:
Our findings highlighted reasons for hesitancy among HCWs regarding COVID-19 vaccination along with the adverse effects encountered after the first dose. COVID-19 vaccine concerns among the HCW population should be addressed so that HCWs can be empowered to lead communication campaigns to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the general population. Thus, it is important to hold such surveys.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health: A study from rural population of Haryana, India
Authors: Chhabra Parul , Mehta Rachna , Bansal Himanshu , Kumar Vijay , Mittal Riya 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2 and was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, a global threat has largely affected the country’s economic and social values. Moreover, the mitigation strategies being used to counterattack the pandemic attributes a lot of unrest and stress in the masses which has led to several mental health problems like anxiety, depression, sleep loss, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc.

Objective:
In this study, the impact of lockdown on mental health and its related disorders was observed.

Method:
A total of 367 patients from 69 villages of Narwana sub-division, Haryana, India was included in this study and their mental health status was assessed using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results:
Out of the 367 mental health-related patients, half of them (~ 48%) showed the signs of depression ranging from mild to severe. Also, 40% of the patients showed signs and symptoms of anxiety, fear and stress and (~15%) showed signs of sleep loss. Women (~58%) were significantly found to be more prone to mental illness and psychiatric disorders than men (~42%). This study also reports the increase in domestic violence cases during the lockdown period. The study presents a clear understanding that although lockdown and social isolation helps in achieving the goal of reducing infections, a restricted access of social support systems leads to loneliness and various mental issues including anxiety and depression.

Conclusion:
We conclude that COVID-19 is a big threat to women safety and health especially in rural population and as the crisis evolves and continues, it is very essential to raise awareness and psychological counseling among the masses.
Drug utilization study of antiepileptic drugs in the pediatric department, tertiary care hospital, Bangalore, India
Authors: Khoshdel Zahra , Tomas Shibi , Jafari Marziye 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The main objective of the present study is to find out the loose links between prescription of medication and its utilization in the pediatric department, especially with drugs that belong to the antiepileptic medication category.

Methodology:
This prospective observational study was carried out for 6 months in the Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangalore. The study was conducted on 100 patients receiving antiepileptic medication. The patient demographics and all medically relevant information were noted in a predefined data collection form.

Results:
The study showed that the maximum number of patients receiving antiepileptic medication belongs to the age group of 2–6 years. While comparing the prevalence of ADR levetiracetam, phenytoin and clobazam were identified which are associated with ADR. The highly prescribed drug was valproic acid and carbamazepine. The ADRs documented were loss of appetite, vomiting, anemia, and Steven–Johnson syndrome. Evaluation of prescription was performed, which is a major factor in drug-related ADRs. In the discussion part, various methods of improvement in the prevention of ADRs due to prescription error have been suggested which can improve drug utilization and precaution. An economic study was done in the end to put a light on the cost-effective treatment therapy which might improve patient adherence.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that valproic acid was a highly prescribed drug and carbamazepine was the second-most prescribed drug. It was found that majority of prescription was without a generic name and with inappropriate abbreviations.
Vitamin B12 deficiency in northern India tertiary care: Prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Dinkar Anju , Gupta Poonam , Atam Virendra 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to a diversity of symptoms and affects many systems. It is often overlooked or sometimes even misdiagnosed in clinical practice.

Aims and Objectives:
The purposes of this study were to report the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency, the spectrum of clinical features and to draw attention to the possibility of rare hidden characteristics.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a multicenter, retrospective, and prospective conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital and multispecialty hospital. All cases of vitamin B12 deficiency of either sex or age attending the Medicine Department were enrolled in this study from Aug 2015 to Dec 2020. Parenteral vitamin B12 was given, and cases were evaluated for the response on follow-up for more than three months.

Results:
Of 220 cases, 52.27% were males. Maximum cases were reported from the age group 50 to 65 years (27.27%) and belonged to urban areas (59.1%). The majority were strict vegetarian (86.36%). Among comorbidities, diabetes (20.91%) followed by malabsorption (10.45%) were most common. The cutaneous manifestations were revealed at 38.18%. The most frequent neurological manifestation was paraesthesia (98.18%). Head heaviness/ache was the most frequent (95%) psychiatric manifestation. Anemia was revealed in 87.73% of cases with 88.64% macrocytosis. Axonal sensorimotor (52.63%) neuropathy was a prevalent finding of NCV study.

Conclusions:
A high index of clinical suspicion is needed in cases with vague manifestations, especially in the pure vegetarian population. Early recognition can prevent further damage as most of its related disorders are generally reversible with treatment.
Body composition and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Babaei Zeinab , Parsian Hadi , Korani Bahare , Mostafazadeh Amrollah , Moslemi Dariush 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Available data suggest that obesity is related to changes in the several adipocyte-derived proteins levels, which are involved in cancer recurrence. The purpose of this work was to investigate the correlation between obesity with metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), adiponectin and adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels by comparing serum levels of MMP-9, AMPK in normal weight and obese breast cancer survivors.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 30 normal weight breast cancer survivors (body mass index [BMI] 18.5-25 kg/m2) and 30 obese breast cancer survivors (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were investigated. Anthropometric parameters and serum levels of MMP-9, adiponectin, and AMPK were compared between the two groups.

Results:
No differences were detected in the serum levels of MMP-9, adiponectin, and AMPK in obese patients and normal weight patients (P > 0.05). There were no correlations between MMP-9, adiponectin, and AMPK levels with anthropometric measurements in two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
We found that there was a lack of correlation between obesity measures and serum levels of MMP-9, adiponectin, and AMPK. In breast cancer survivors, it seems that circulating levels of adiponectin, AMPK, and MMP-9 do not change in obesity state.
New Onset of Mania in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Nagalingam Nithya , Chai Yee Chin , Tan Cai Shee 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Those who have infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), experience a range of symptoms, from mild and self-resolving respiratory illnesses to severe respiratory complications, as well as a range of the emotional symptoms of fear, guilt, anger, or anxiety due to the need of quarantine isolation. Clinical cases with a new onset of psychiatric symptoms in the acute stage or aftermath of COVID-19 have also been described in the literature. The impact of COVID-19 on psychological health across all stages of illness has become an area of interest in psychiatry.

Methods:
We at Johor Bahru, Malaysia, would like to report two patients without any history of any known psychiatric illness, who had their first manic episodes during the acute stage of COVID-19 infection.

Results:
Patient A was a 29-year-old married female patient, had a COVID-19 infection which were treated smoothly. But unfortunately, the devastating news of her husband's hospitalization for COVID-19 infection and the death of her sister-in-law due to the deadly virus came on the day of her discharge. Since she developed a picture of a manic episode with as elated mood, irritability, talkativeness, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, spending spree, reckless driving, excessive ideas concerning COVID-19 infection, and excessive sexual drive. She subsequently responded to treatment and was discharged with daily 600 mg of oral lithium carbonate, 200 mg of oral chlorpromazine, and 1,000 mg of sodium valproate Chrono. Patient B was a 31-year-old married homemaker and she presented herself to the emergency department for stage COVID-19 infection and witnessed resuscitation and eventual deaths of several patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. She was so frightened that she had become easily distracted, increasingly irritable, and talkative. Having reduced need for sleep at night, she would repeatedly call her friends and family around the clock to check if they had COVID-19 infection. She claimed to have the power to heal bone fractures with naked eyes. Furthermore, she started to see supernatural creatures around her at home. She subsequently responded to daily 750 mg of lithium carbonate and 1,000 mg of amisulpride during a 14-day inpatient stay.

Conclusion:
We content that our two patients had a new onset of manic episode after COVID-19 infection. We suggest that manic symptoms may have been triggered through an episode of COVID-19.