bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Non-Linear Osteometric Modeling Method for Three-Dimensional Mandibular Morphological Changes During Growth: One-Year Monitoring of Miniature Pigs Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Lin Hsien-Shu , Lu Tung-Wu , Li Jia-Da , Lee Pei-An , Chen Yunn-Jy 
Published: May 2022

Knowledge of mandibular growth and development is essential for diagnosis of malformation and early interception. A previous method of quantifying mandibular growth using the distances between selected anatomical landmarks over the growth period does not provide a complete, quantitative description of the continuous growth patterns. The current study aimed to bridge the gap by measuring the 3D continuous growth of the mandible in miniature pigs using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). The mandibles of the pigs were CBCT-scanned monthly over 12 months, and the 3D mandibular models were reconstructed. A new non-linear, time-dependent osteometric modeling approach was developed to register two consecutive mandible models by searching for the corresponding points with the highest likelihood of matching the anatomical and morphological features so that the morphological changes patterns for each month could be described using color maps on the models. The morphological changes of the mandible were found to decrease anteriorly, with the condyle region and the posterior part of the ramus growing faster than the rest of the mandible. The condyle region showed the fastest growth rate and the posterior ramus the second during the growth period, while the middle and anterior corpus regions showed the slowest growth rates. In conclusion, the current results revealed the non-linear patterns and rates of morphological changes in different growth regions and the whole mandible. The new approach may also be useful for future studies on the growth of the mandible in other animals.
A Comparison of Plyometric and Jump Rope Training Programs for Improving Punching Performance in Junior Amateur Boxers
Authors: Chottidao Monchai , Kuo Chia-Hua , Tsai Shiow-Chwen , Hwang Ing-Shiou , Lin Jiu-Jenq , Tsai Yung-Shen 
Published: May 2022

Improving lower extremity sports performance may contribute to punching performance in boxers. We compared the effects of two typical boxing routines for developing lower extremity sports performance and subsequent punching performance. Twenty-four high school amateur boxers between the ages of 12 and 18 performed training at least 3 days per week. All Athletes had 3–5 years of experience in boxing training. The participants separated into two groups to receive an 8-week plyometric or jump rope training program. They performed each training program for 30 min on 3 days/week. Lower extremity sports performance in countermovement jump (leg stiffness, jump power, and rate of force development) and jab-cross punching performance (punch velocity, punch force, reaction time, movement time, and ground reaction force) were assessed at pre-and post-training. The data were analyzed using a two-way mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group × time). Both training programs improved the rate of force development in countermovement jump, the reaction time of punch, the peak ground reaction force of the rear leg during the jab punch, and the velocity of the jab punch. There were no group differences and interaction effects in all variables analyzed. It is concluded that 8 weeks of plyometric and rope jumping programs had a similar impact on improving lower extremity strength and punching performance. Both training programs may improve muscle strength and power, rate of force development, and reaction time. These improvements may contribute to lower extremity strength for driving a punch at the target with excellent performance.
Electrochemical Mechanism of the Preparation of High-Purity Indium by Electrodeposition
Authors: Hou Zhongmin , Wang Xiaomin , Li Jidong , Li Zhen , Wang Yiyong , Xing Hongxuan 
Published: May 2022

Indium is a crucial material and is widely used in high-tech industries, and electrodeposition is an efficient method to recover rare metal resources. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of In3+ was investigated by using different electrochemical methods in electrolytes containing sodium and indium sulfate. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and alternating current impedance (EIS) techniques were used to investigate the reduction reaction of In3+ and the electrocrystallization mechanism of indium in the indium sulfate system. The cyclic voltammetry results showed that the electrodeposition process is irreversible. The average charge transfer coefficient a of In3+ was calculated to be 0.116 from the relationship between the cathodic peak potential and the half-peak potential, and the H+ discharge occurred at a higher negative potential of In3+. The nucleation mechanism of indium electrodeposition was analyzed by chronoamperometry. The mechanism of indium at potential steps of −0.3 to −0.6 V was close to diffusion-controlled instantaneous nucleation with a diffusion coefficient of 7.31 × 10−9 cm2 s−1. The EIS results demonstrated that the reduction process of In3+ is subject to a diffusion-controlled step when pH = 2.5 and the applied potential was −0.5 V. SEM and XRD techniques indicated that the cathodic products deposited on the titanium electrode have excellent cleanliness and purity.
Applications of Chinese Camellia oleifera and its By-Products: A Review
Authors: Quan Wenxuan , Wang Anping , Gao Chao , Li Chaochan 
Published: May 2022

Camellia oleifera is a woody oil tree species unique to China that has been cultivated and used in China for more than 2,300 years. Most biological research on C. oleifera in recent years has focused on the development of new varieties and breeding. Novel genomic information has been generated for C. oleifera, including a high-quality reference genome at the chromosome level. Camellia seeds are used to process high-quality edible oil; they are also often used in medicine, health foods, and daily chemical products and have shown promise for the treatment and prevention of diseases. C. oleifera by-products, such as camellia seed cake, saponin, and fruit shell are widely used in the daily chemical, dyeing, papermaking, chemical fibre, textile, and pesticide industries. C. oleifera shell can also be used to prepare activated carbon electrodes, which have high electrochemical performance when used as the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries. C. oleifera is an economically valuable plant with diverse uses, and accelerating the utilization of its by-products will greatly enhance its industrial value.
Trends in 10-Year Predicted Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Associated With Food Insecurity, 2007–2016
Authors: Sharedalal Parija , Shah Neal , Sreenivasan Jayakumar , Michaud Liana , Sharedalal Anmol , Kaul Risheek , Panza Julio A. , Aronow Wilbert S. , Cooper Howard A. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionConsumption of a healthy diet improves cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and reduces the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Food insecure (FIS) adults often consume an unhealthy diet, which can promote obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia (HLD). The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is designed to combat food insecurity by increasing access to healthy foods. However, there is a paucity of data on the association of SNAP participation among FIS adults and these CVD risk factors.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a publicly available, ongoing survey administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Center for Health Statistics. We analyzed five survey cycles (2007–2016) of adult participants who responded to the CVD risk profile questionnaire data. We estimated the burden of select CVD risk factors among the FIS population and the association with participation in SNAP.ResultsAmong 10,449 adult participants of the survey, 3,485 (33.3%) identified themselves as FIS. Food insecurity was more common among those who were younger, female, Hispanic, and Black. Among the FIS, SNAP recipients, when compared to non-SNAP recipients, had a lower prevalence of HLD (36.3 vs. 40.1% p = 0.02), whereas rates of T2DM, HTN, and obesity were similar. Over the 10-year survey period, FIS SNAP recipients demonstrated a reduction in the prevalence of HTN (p &lt; 0.001) and HLD (p &lt; 0.001) which was not evident among those not receiving SNAP. However, obesity decreased only among those not receiving SNAP. The prevalence of T2DM did not change over the study period in either group.ConclusionOver a 10-year period, FIS adults who received SNAP demonstrated a reduction in the prevalence of HTN and HLD, which was not seen among those not receiving SNAP. However, the prevalence of obesity and T2DM did not decline among SNAP recipients, suggesting that additional approaches are required to impact these important CVD risk factors.
Effects of Microbial-Mineral Interactions on Organic Carbon Stabilization in a Ponderosa Pine Root Zone: A Micro-Scale Approach
Authors: Dohnalkova Alice C. , Tfaily Malak M. , Chu Rosalie K. , Smith A. Peyton , Brislawn Colin J. , Varga Tamas , Crump Alex R. , Kovarik Libor , Thomashow Linda S. , Harsh James B. , Keller C. Kent , Balogh-Brunstad Zsuzsanna 
Published: May 2022

Soil microbial communities affect the formation of micro-scale mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) where complex processes, including adhesion, aggregate formation, microbial mineral weathering and soil organic matter stabilization occur in a narrow zone of large biogeochemical gradients. Here we designed a field study to examine carbon stabilization mechanisms by using in-growth mesh bags containing biotite that were placed in a ponderosa pine root zone for 6 months and compared to the surrounding bulk soil. We sought to determine the composition of the microbial community in the mesh bags compared to the surrounding soils, analyze the direct interactions between microbes and biotite, and finally identify the nature of the newly formed MAOM within the mesh-bags. Our results revealed that minerals in the mesh bags were colonized by a microbial community that produced organic matter in situ. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ITS2 region characterization showed phylogenetic similarity between the mesh bag and bulk soil archaea/bacteria and fungi microbiomes, with significant differences in alpha- and beta-diversity and species abundances. Organic matter pools in the mesh bags, analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, contained protein- (peptides) and lipid-like compounds while the bulk soil OM was comprised of lignin-like and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules. These results support that the newly formed biotite associated organic compounds have a microbial signature in the mesh bags. High-resolution electron microscopy documented strongly adhered organic compounds to biotite surfaces, formation of microaggregates, elemental uptake at the microbe (organic matter)-mineral interface, and distortion of biotite layers. Overall, this study shows the direct and indirect involvement of soil microbial communities from the root zone of ponderosa pine in the formation of MAOM, soil organic carbon stabilization, microaggregation, and mineral weathering at micro- and nano-scales.
Fertility Preservation for Adolescent and Young Adult Transmen: A Case Series and Insights on Oocyte Cryopreservation
Authors: Barrett Francesca , Shaw Jacquelyn , Blakemore Jennifer K. , Fino Mary Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe opportunity for fertility preservation in adolescent and young adult (AYA) transmen is growing. Many AYA transmen desire future biologic children and are interested in ways to preserve fertility through oocyte cryopreservation prior to full gender affirmation, yet utilization of oocyte cryopreservation remains low. Additionally, standard practice guidelines currently do not exist for the provision of oocyte cryopreservation to AYA transmen. Our objective was to review our experience with oocyte cryopreservation in adolescent and young adult transmen in order to synthesize lessons regarding referral patterns, utilization, and oocyte cryopreservation outcomes as well as best practices to establish treatment guidance.MethodsThis is a case series of all AYA transmen (aged 10 to 25 years) who contacted, consulted or underwent oocyte cryopreservation at a single high volume New York City based academic fertility center between 2009 and 2021.ResultsForty-four adolescent and young adult transmen made contact to the fertility center over the study period. Eighty percent (35/44) had a consultation with a Reproductive and Endocrinology specialist, with a median age of 16 years (range 10 to 24 years) at consultation. The majority were testosterone-naive (71%, 25/35), and had not pursued gender affirming surgery (86%, 30/35). Expedited initiation of testosterone remained the most commonly cited goal (86%, 30/35). Fifty-seven percent (20/35) pursued oocyte cryopreservation. Ninety-five percent (19/20) underwent successful transvaginal oocyte aspiration, with a median of 22 oocytes retrieved and 15 mature oocytes cryopreserved. There were no significant adverse events. At time of review, no patient has returned to utilize their cryopreserved oocytes.ConclusionsOocyte cryopreservation is a safe fertility preservation option in AYA transmen and is an important aspect of providing comprehensive transgender care. Insights from referral patterns, utilization, and oocyte cryopreservation outcomes from a single center’s experience with adolescent and young adult transmen can be integrated to identify lessons learned with the goal of providing transparency surrounding the oocyte cryopreservation process, improving the education and comfort of patients and providers with fertility preservation, and easing the decision to pursue an oocyte cryopreservation cycle in parallel to gender-affirmatory care.
Detection of Small CYP11B1 Deletions and One Founder Chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 Gene in 11β-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Xie Hua , Yin Hui , Ye Xue , Liu Ying , Liu Na , Zhang Yu , Chen Xiaoli , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: May 2022

Objective11β-Hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD) caused by mutations in the CYP11B1 gene is the second most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Both point mutations and genomic rearrangements of CYP11B1 are important causes of 11β-OHD. However, the high degree of sequence identity between CYP11B1 and its homologous gene CYP11B2, presents unique challenges for molecular diagnosis of suspected 11β-OHD. The aim of this study was to detect the point mutation, indel, small deletion of CYP11B1 and chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 gene in a one-tube test, improving the genetic diagnosis of 11β-OHD.MethodsOptimized custom-designed target sequencing strategy was performed in three patients with suspected 11β-OHD, in which both the coverage depth of paired-end reads and the breakpoint information of split reads from sequencing data were analysed in order to detect genomic rearrangements covering CYP11B1. Long-range PCR was peformed to validate the speculated CYP11B1 rearrangements with the breakpoint-specifc primers.ResultsUsing the optimized target sequencing approach, we detected two intragenic/intergenic deletions of CYP11B1 and one chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 gene from three suspected patients with 11β-OHD besides three pathogenic heterozygous point mutation/indels. Furthermore, we mapped the precise breakpoint of this chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 gene located on chr8:143994517 (hg19) and confirmed it as a founder rearrangement event in the Chinese population.ConclusionsOur optimized target sequencing approach improved the genetic diagnosis of 11β-OHD.
Cobalt Demand for Automotive Electrification in China: Scenario Analysis Based on the Bass Model
Authors: Shi Qing 
Published: May 2022

With accelerating automotive electrification process, quantitative analysis of cobalt demand becomes a critical issue in China. How much cobalt is expected to be needed from 2021 to 2030 to support a smooth automotive electrification in China? This study aims to answer this question comprehensively by examining the responses of annual cobalt demand to variations in electric vehicle sales, battery capacity factors, and cobalt substitution effects, which has not been fully explored in previous literature. Scenario analysis based on the Bass model is adopted and historical data from 2012 to 2020 are used for this study. The results show that 1) the peak annual cobalt demand will reach 35.58–126.97 kt/year during 2021–2030; 2) cobalt demand is expected to decline by 14.29% if the market share of ternary lithium-ion battery decreases by 10%; 3) while cobalt substitution can reduce the demand substantially, it cannot offset the growth of cobalt demand driven by the increasing EV sales and battery capacity. These results provide a knowledge base for policy suggestions to manage the cobalt demand—supply balance in China better.
Sex-Differences and Associations Between Complement Activation and Synovial Vascularization in Patients with Late-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sodhi Emily U. , Philpott Holly T. , Carter McKenzie M. , Birmingham Trevor B. , Appleton C. Thomas 
Published: May 2022

PurposeSynovial inflammation in knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes disorganized synovial angiogenesis and complement activation in synovial fluid, but links between complement and synovial microvascular pathology have not been established. Since complement causes vascular pathology in other diseases and since sex-differences exist in complement activation and in OA, we investigated sex differences in synovial fluid complement factors, synovial tissue vascular pathology, and associations between complement and synovial vascular pathology in patients with late-stage knee OA.MethodsPatients with symptomatic, late-stage radiographic knee OA undergoing total knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy provided matched synovial fluid and tissue biopsies during surgery. Complement factors (C2, C5, adipsin, MBL, and CFI) and terminal complement complex (sC5b-C9) were measured in synovial fluid by multiplex or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Features of synovial vascular pathology (vascularization, perivascular edema, and vasculopathy) were assessed by histopathology. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess associations between synovial fluid complement factors and histopathological features of vascular pathology, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and sex interaction. Sex-disaggregated comparisons were completed.ResultsSynovial fluid biomarker and histopathology data were included from 97 patients. Most synovial fluid complement factors and synovial tissue histopathological features were similar between sexes. Synovial fluid C5 trended to lower levels in males (-20.93 ng/mL [95%CI -42.08, 0.23] p=0.05). Median vasculopathy scores (0.42 [95%CI 0.07, 0.77] p=0.02) were higher in males. In the full cohort, C5 concentration was associated with lower vascularization scores (-0.005 [95%CI -0.010, -0.0001] p=0.04) while accounting for sex*C5 interaction. In sex-disaggregated analyses, increased C5 concentration was associated with lower vascularization scores (-0.005 [95%CI –0.009, -0.0001] p=0.04) in male patients, but not in female patients. Males had higher sC5b-C9 compared to females. Additionally, males with high C5 had a higher synovial fluid concentration of sC5b-C9 compared to males with low C5. No differences were found in females.ConclusionHigher synovial fluid C5 levels were associated with increased complement activation and decreased synovial vascularization in males but not in females with OA. Future studies should test whether synovial fluid complement activation suppresses synovial angiogenesis and identify mechanisms accounting for C5-related sex-differences in synovial fluid complement activation in patients with knee OA.
Salvage Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Another Treatment Option After Immunotherapy for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Peng Zhouying , Wang Yumin , Fang Yan , Wang Yaxuan , Yuan Xiaotian , Shuai Mingxia , Xie Shumin , Fan Ruohao , Zhang Hua , Xie Zhihai , Jiang Weihong 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAdvanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a relatively common nasopharyngeal skull base disease for which there is no uniform treatment modality. Not all patients are satisfied with the efficacy of immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy.MethodsThis study included patients who underwent salvage endoscopic skull base nasopharyngectomy after immunotherapy between February 2017 and June 2021. Patient survival information was analyzed. Relevant publications were retrieved from five databases from December 1, 2011 to December 1, 2021. The outcomes of patients with advanced recurrent NPC who received programmed death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy were collected and analyzed.ResultsNine patients who underwent skull base surgery, all of whom had previously undergone PD-1 immunotherapy, were included in this study. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of these patients were 25% and 29.2%, respectively. Eight publications involving 688 patients with advanced recurrent NPC were also included in this study. The combined complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) values were 2%, 23%, and 29%, respectively. The combined DCR included the three disease conditions, CR, PR, and SD, with a value of 53%. PD-1 monotherapy was more effective than PD-1 combination chemotherapy.ConclusionsPD-1 immunotherapy may improve the remission rate in patients with recurrent NPC. Salvage endoscopic skull base nasopharyngectomy may be another option for patients with poor immunotherapeutic outcomes. For patients with advanced recurrent NPC, better evidence-based medical data are needed to determine whether they should receive immunotherapy before or after surgery.