bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic data from cerebrospinal fluid permits tracing the origin and spread of Neisseria meningitidis CC4821 in China
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Li Mei , Tu Shangyu , Zhang Xiaoyang , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Yawei , Zhao Chunjiang , Guo Yinghui , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is useful for difficult to cultivate pathogens. Here, we use cerebrospinal fluid mNGS to diagnose invasive meningococcal disease. The complete genome sequences of Neisseria meningitidis were assembled using N. meningitidis of ST4821-serotype C isolated from four patients. To investigate the phylogeny, 165 CC4821 N. meningitidis genomes from 1972 to 2017 were also included. The core genome accumulated variation at a rate of 4.84×10−8 substitutions/nucleotide site/year. CC4821 differentiated into four sub-lineages during evolution (A, B, C, and D). While evolving from sub-lineage A (early stage) to sub-lineage D (late stage), the ST and CC4821 serotype converged into the ST4821-serotype C clone. Most strains of sub-lineage D were isolated from invasive meningococcal disease, with increasing resistance to quinolones. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that CC4821 has spread across 14 countries. Thus, the selective pressure of quinolones may cause CC4821 to converge evolutionarily, making it more invasive and facilitating its spread.
Preattentive facilitation of target trajectories in a dragonfly visual neuron
Authors: Lancer Benjamin H. , Evans Bernard J. E. , Fabian Joseph M. , O’Carroll David C. , Wiederman Steven D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ability to pursue targets in visually cluttered and distraction-rich environments is critical for predators such as dragonflies. Previously, we identified Centrifugal Small-Target Motion Detector 1 (CSTMD1), a dragonfly visual neuron likely involved in such target-tracking behaviour. CSTMD1 exhibits facilitated responses to targets moving along a continuous trajectory. Moreover, CSTMD1 competitively selects a single target out of a pair. Here, we conducted in vivo, intracellular recordings from CSTMD1 to examine the interplay between facilitation and selection, in response to the presentation of paired targets. We find that neuronal responses to both individual trajectories of simultaneous, paired targets are facilitated, rather than being constrained to the single, selected target. Additionally, switches in selection elicit suppression which is likely an important attribute underlying target pursuit. However, binocular experiments reveal these results are constrained to paired targets within the same visual hemifield, while selection of a target in one visual hemifield establishes ocular dominance that prevents facilitation or response to contralaterally presented targets. These results reveal that the dragonfly brain preattentively represents more than one target trajectory, to balance between attentional flexibility and resistance against distraction.
Ecological analysis of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats
Authors: Zambetti Peter R. , Schuessler Bryan P. , Lecamp Bryce E. , Shin Andrew , Kim Eun Joo , Kim Jeansok J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPavlovian fear conditioning, which offers the advantage of simplicity in both the control of conditional and unconditional stimuli (CS, US) presentation and the analysis of specific conditional and unconditional responses (CR, UR) in a controlled laboratory setting, has been the standard model in basic and translational fear research. Despite 100 years of experiments, the utility of fear conditioning has not been trans-situationally validated in real-life contexts. We thus investigated whether fear conditioning readily occurs and guides the animal’s future behavior in an ecologically-relevant environment. To do so, Long-Evans rats foraging for food in an open arena were presented with a tone CS paired with electric shock US to their dorsal neck/body that instinctively elicited escape UR to the safe nest. On subsequent test days, the tone-shock paired animals failed to exhibit fear CR to the CS. In contrast, animals that encountered a realistic agent of danger (a looming artificial owl) paired with a shock, simulating a plausible predatory strike, instantly fled to the nest when presented with a tone for the first time. These results highlight the possibility of a nonassociative, rather than standard associative, fear process providing survival function in life-threatening situations that animals are likely to encounter in nature.
Adult re-expression of IRSp53 rescues NMDA receptor function and social behavior in IRSp53-mutant mice
Authors: Noh Young Woo , Yook Chaehyun , Kang Jaeseung , Lee Soowon , Kim Yeonghyeon , Yang Esther , Kim Hyun , Kim Eunjoon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIRSp53 (or BAIAP2) is an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding/adaptor protein that is involved in actin regulation and has been implicated in autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. IRSp53 deletion in mice leads to enhanced NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function and social deficits that are responsive to NMDAR inhibition. However, it remains unclear whether IRSp53 re-expression in the adult IRSp53-mutant mouse brain after the completion of brain development could reverse these synaptic and behavioral dysfunctions. Here we employed a brain-blood barrier (BBB)-penetrant adeno-associated virus (AAV) known as PHP.eB to drive adult IRSp53 re-expression in IRSp53-mutant mice. The adult IRSp53 re-expression normalized social deficits without affecting hyperactivity or anxiety-like behavior. In addition, adult IRSp53 re-expression normalized NMDAR-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex. Our results suggest that adult IRSp53 re-expression can normalize synaptic and behavioral deficits in IRSp53-mutant mice and that BBB-penetrant adult gene re-expression has therapeutic potential.
Cloud processing and weeklong ageing affect biomass burning aerosol properties over the south-eastern Atlantic
Authors: Che Haochi , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Zhang Lu , Dang Caroline , Zuidema Paquita , Dobracki Amie , Sedlacek Arthur J. , Coe Hugh , Wu Huihui , Taylor Jonathan , Zhang Xiaoye , Redemann Jens , Haywood Jim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSouthern Africa produces a third of global biomass burning emissions, which have a long atmospheric lifetime and influence regional radiation balance and climate. Here, we use airmass trajectories to link different aircraft observations to investigate the evolution of biomass-burning aerosols during their westward transport from Southern Africa over the south-eastern Atlantic, where a semi-permanent stratocumulus cloud deck is located. Our results show secondary organic aerosol formation during the initial 3 days of transport, followed by decreases in organic aerosol via photolysis before reaching equilibrium. Aerosol absorption wavelength dependency decreases with ageing, due to an increase in particle size and photochemical bleaching of brown carbon. Cloud processing, including aqueous-phase reaction and scavenging, contributes to the oxidation of organic aerosols, while it strongly reduces large diameter particles and single-scattering albedo of biomass burning aerosols. Together, these processes resulted in a marine boundary layer with fewer yet more oxidized and absorbing aerosols.
HOBIT. Un concept innovant pour la transformation des pratiques pédagogiques en physique
Authors: Bousquet Bruno , Canioni Lionel , Guillet Jean-Paul , Fleck Stéphanie , Normand Erwan , Hachet Martin 
Published: August 2022

La transformation des pratiques pédagogiques est devenue une nécessité pour faciliter l’accès au savoir d’étudiants qui ont du mal à comprendre les concepts abstraits ainsi que les modèles physiques et les outils mathématiques sous-jacents.
Dans ce contexte, nous avons conçu, développé et évalué le dispositif HOBIT, destiné à soutenir l’apprentissage des connaissances fondamentales et des compétences techniques dans le domaine de l’optique, grâce au couplage d’une simulation numérique et d’une manipulation d’objets physiques dans un environnement hybride de réalité augmentée tangible.
Nous présentons ici notre démarche de conception et la manière dont HOBIT, dont le concept pourrait être étendu à d’autres disciplines de la physique, a d’ores et déjà modifié nos pratiques pédagogiques.
Evaluation der Versorgungsituation von Patient*innen mit chronischen Lymphödemen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Liebl Max , Schuester Leon , Kornappel Simone , Reißhauer Anett 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt eine große
Herausforderung für chronisch Erkrankte sowie deren Versorgung dar. Insbesondere die
multiprofessionelle Versorgung von Patient*innen mit Lymphödemen sowie die Vorbeugung von
Komplikationen und Exazerbationen erscheinen deutlich beeinträchtigt. Ziel dieser Studie war
es, die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Lebenszufriedenheit von
Lymphödempatient*innen darzustellen sowie eine Patient*innenperspektive zu bieten.
Methoden Es wurden 100 Patient*innen der Hochschulambulanz (HSA)
für Physikalische Medizin der Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin zur Inanspruchnahme von
Gesundheitsleistungen, zur Therapie und zu ihrer persönlichen Situation während der Pandemie
befragt. Zur Evaluation der Lebenszufriedenheit wurde die SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale)
verwendet.
Ergebnisse Die SWLS sank von 24,5±6,7 SD präpandemisch auf
21,4±7,4 SD während der Pandemie (p<0,0001; r=-0,58). Es zeigte sich eine Tendenz zu
weniger Arztbesuchen bei vermehrtem Auftreten von Komplikationen. Lymphödem-typische
nichtärztliche Gesundheitsleistungen konnten deutlich weniger abgerufen werden.
Telemedizinische Angebote wurden gut angenommen.
Schlussfolgerung Die subjektive Lebensqualität von
Lymphödempatient*innen nahm signifikant und effektstark ab. Dies unterstreicht die besondere
Vulnerabilität dieser Gruppe für die Probleme der Gesundheitsversorgung während einer
Pandemie.
Hemmkörperhämophilie: aktuelle
Aspekte
Authors: Schmalzing Marc 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie erworbene Hämophilie A stellt die häufigste
Hemmkörperhämophilie dar. Sie kann idiopathisch, in Zusammenhang
mit anderen Erkrankungen oder post partum auftreten. In einem Großteil
der Fälle treten ausgeprägte Blutungszeichen auf, die
lebensbedrohlich verlaufen können. Wichtige Differentialdiagnosen werden
genannt. Die Diagnose wird ausgehend von der verlängerten aPTT durch
Plasmamischversuche und den Bethesda-Test gestellt. Die Therapie erfolgt
einerseits neben lokalen Maßnahmen zur Blutungskontrolle durch
Gerinnungsfaktorpräparate sowie Tranexamsäure zur Blutstillung
sowie andererseits durch Immunsuppression mit Glukokortikoiden, Rituximab
und/oder Cyclophosphamid zur Elimination des inhibitorischen
Autoantikörpers. Alternative Immunsuppressive Therapieoptionen
für refraktäre Fälle werden aufgezeigt. Die Prognose
scheint vor allem davon abhängig zu sein wie stark Faktor VIII initial
reduziert ist.
Effect of Au film mask on antiwetting and antireflection properties of nanostructural polymer by plasma nanotexturing
Authors: Li Xiao-Yu , Li Yu-Peng , Huo Lei , Lei Ming-Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Capacitively coupled radiofrequency plasma nanotexturing assisted by an Au film mask is carried out to fabricate the fluorocarbon-film decorated nanowires bundles from the semicrystalline polyethylene (PE) and amorphous PolyMethyl methacrylate (PMMA) subatrates. The spacing distance and height of the nanowires in a bundle on the PE and PMMA substrates are adjusted by the thickness of Au film mask. The complete rebound phenomenon occurs when the droplets impact with a high speed on the nanowire bundles. The nanowire bundles exhibit an improved superhydrophobicity. The narrow spacing distance between the nanowires is beneficial to the antiwetting of superhydrophobic surface. The low reflectivity of the nanowire bundles is also obtained with an incident light wavelength from 400 to 2000 nm. The antireflection property of the nanowire bundles is caused by the high height of nanowires in a bundle. The nanowire bundles on the PE and PMMA substrates prepared by the plasma nanotexturing assisted by the Au film mask have the excellent antiwetting and antireflection properties.
DFT study of TiO2 brookite (210) surface doped with silver and molybdenum
Authors: Phuthu Lutendo , Dima Ratshilumela Steve , Maluta Nnditshedzeni Eric , Kirui Joseph K , Maphanga Rapela Regina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The most popular semiconductor in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is titanium dioxide (TiO2) because of its low cost, non-toxicity, and good stability. However, the DSSCs still have low efficiency due to the low light absorption of TiO2 in the visible region. Understanding the properties of TiO2 can contribute to improving the efficiency of DSSCs. In this study, we use density functional theory to investigate the electronic and optical properties of TiO2 brookite (210) surface mono-doped and co-doped with 4d transition metals, silver, and molybdenum. Our results show that the band gap energy of brookite (210) surface is 3.514 eV, which reduces to 1.143 eV and 0.183 eV when doped with Ag and Mo, respectively. However, doping with both Ag and Mo yielded a band gap of 0.387 eV. The results suggest the presence of Ag and Mo 4d states below the conduction band minimum, which could be responsible for the narrowing of the band gap on the brookite (210) surface. Both mono-doped and co-doped brookite (210) surfaces have higher visible light absorbance compared to the undoped brookite (210) surface and extend to the near-infrared region.
The short-term aging effect on the interface and surface wetting behavior of modified asphalt mixtures
Authors: Wang Qian , Yu Ruien , Fu Gang , Chen Xiaowen , Cai Lina , Xiao Yue , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhu Xijing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the interface models and nanodroplets wetting models of base asphalt (BA), polyurethane modified asphalt (PU-MA) and polyurethane/graphene oxide composite modified asphalt (PU/GO-MA) with acidic and alkaline aggregates were constructed. The adhesion and debonding effects of modifiers on short-term aged asphalt mixtures were analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The moisture damage resistance of the mixture was evaluated by simulating the wetting characteristics of asphalt and water nanodroplets on the aggregate surface. The contact angle, adhesion work, debonding work and relative concentration distribution can effectively analyse the interface interaction behavior between asphalt and aggregate. The results show that the adsorption effect between aged asphalt and CaCO3 was stronger, and short-term aging enhanced the interfacial adhesion of asphalt mixtures. Calcite was more hydrophilic, and its resistance to moisture damage was far less than quartz. The difference between the contact angle of water-aggregate and that of asphalt-aggregate can effectively analyze the water sensitivity of asphalt mixture. In addition, different components played different roles in the adsorption of asphalt and different aggregate surfaces. The synergistic analysis of the asphalt-aggregate interface and the asphalt nanodroplet-wetting aggregate surface can more comprehensively reveal the variation principle of asphalt parameters and nanoscale properties of asphalt mixtures.
Organic electrochemical transistors manufactured by laser ablation and screen printing
Authors: Zabihipour Marzieh , Janson Per , Berggren Magnus , Simon Daniel T , Andersson Ersman Peter , Engquist Isak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The dimensions of the material serving as the channel in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are important for the overall switching performance. Here, a laser ablation step is included in the OECT manufacturing process, in an attempt to shorten the channel length of the OECT. The source and drain electrodes are formed by laser ablation of a previously screen printed carbon-based rectangle, which in this study resulted in an average channel length equal to 25 µm. All other processing steps rely on screen printing, allowing for large-area manufacturing of OECTs and OECT-based circuits on flexible substrates. This approach results in a manufacturing yield of 89%; 178 out of a total of 200 OECTs exhibited an ON/OFF ratio exceeding 1000 with a statistical mean value of 28 000 and reproducible switching performance. OECT-based circuits, here demonstrated by a logic inverter, provide a reasonably high voltage gain of 12. The results thus demonstrate another reliable OECT manufacturing process, based on the combination of laser ablation and screen printing.
What explains spatial variations of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy?: a social-ecological-technological systems approach
Authors: Pallathadka Arun , Chang Heejun , Han Daikwon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
While COVID-19 vaccines have been available since December 2020 and efforts have been made to vaccinate the maximum population, a large number of people are continuing to be hesitant, prolonging the pandemic in the US. While most previous studies investigated social, economic, and demographic variables that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, we added ecological and technological variables to better understand the spatial variations of vaccine rates in the contiguous United States using spatial regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. We aim to identify spatially varying social, ecological, and technological factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates, which can aid in identifying and strengthening the public health system and vaccination programs that can eventually facilitate and overcome vaccination hesitancy. We found six statistically significant predictors; two predictors, % Republican voters (r = 0.507, p < .001) and % Black population (r = −0.360, p < .001) were negatively correlated with the vaccination rates, whereas four remaining predictors, % Population with college degree (r = 0.229, p < 001), NRI Score (r = 0.131, p < .001), % Population with broadband access (r = 0.020, p < 001), and Health facilities per 10 000 population (r = 0.424, p < 001) were positively correlated with the vaccination rates at the county level. GWR results show spatially varying relationships between vaccination rate and explanatory variables, indicating the need for regional-specific public health policy. To achieve widespread vaccination, addressing social, ecological, and technological factors will be essential. We draw particular attention to the spatial variances even among positively and negatively associated factors. This research also calls for a reexamination of existing practices, including vaccination communication and other public health policies, local and national public health organizations, telecommunications agents, and mobilization of resources by the public and private sectors.
Prescriber and employee utilization of a health sciences center campus outpatient pharmacy: A qualitative analysis
Authors: O’Neal Katherine S , Oliphant Emily A , Johnson Eric J , Hines Michael T , Smith Michael J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The college of pharmacy has operated pharmacies on campus for over 26 years. Employees and patients are users of the pharmacies; however, utilization across the campus has been limited. This paper describes a process, as well as results, that was used to gather input from employees on a large university health sciences center campus on pharmacy needs and related behaviors on campus pharmacy utilization.

Methods
Two focus groups of staff and 4 focus groups of prescribers were conducted over 1 month. Participants were selected through purposive sampling via email within an academic health sciences center campus over a 1-month period. The sessions were moderated by one investigator using a preconstructed discussion guide and lasted 1 hour. Two additional investigators observed sessions for nonverbal communication; all sessions were audio recorded for subsequent transcription. An open-coding process was performed on verbatim transcripts using NVivo12. The investigator team then developed, refined, and grouped themes during subsequent group discussions.

Results
A total of 44 participants took part in 6 focus groups. Participants included prescribers (physicians, nurses, physician assistants) and staff (nonprescribers). Two major themes identified were (1) factors related to on-campus pharmacies and (2) qualities valued in a pharmacy. There was an equal split (8% for each group) on awareness of the on-campus pharmacies. Almost 11% of participants commented on the accessibility of a pharmacy being a quality valued in a pharmacy.

Conclusion
Focus groups provided insights for the administration team regarding additional value-added services that would be helpful for the campus community, as well as various approaches to increase utilization of the on-campus pharmacies. Focus group methodology is an effective approach to engage employees of a large university campus to garner new ideas to enhance existing policies or services, as well as to gather thoughts on preliminary strategic plans before implementation.
Preoperative MRI to Improve Aesthetic Outcomes in Secondary Mastopexy Augmentation: A Step-by-Step Approach
Authors: Dickinson Brian P , Vu Monica B , Silverstein Melvin , Prajapati Krupa P , Lopez January , Li Ellin D , Handel Neal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Secondary mastopexy augmentation is challenging because of compromised blood supply to the nipple areola complex (NAC). The operating surgeon often relies on clinical judgment and may perform a more conservative elevation of the NAC to minimize the risk of nipple necrosis. Despite this, the danger of necrosis persists. In our experience, MRI with contrast has enhanced preoperative planning in both cosmetic and reconstructive cases.

Objectives
The goals of this article are to describe our use of preoperative MRI in identifying the blood supply to the NAC, evaluating dermo glandular thickness, decreasing surgical complications, and improving outcomes in secondary mastopexy augmentation.

Methods
A consecutive series of secondary mastopexy augmentation procedures performed in 2021 were reviewed. In each case, preoperative maximum intensity projection (MIP) and/or high-resolution T1-weighted contrast enhanced MRI imaging was reviewed to elucidate the blood supply to the NAC and quantify the dermo glandular thickness. The imaging was used to formulate the operative plan. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were compared.

Results
Eight cases were performed, four of which were selected to demonstrate our method using breast MRI with contrast in step-by-step approach. Patient satisfaction was high. The NAC survived in all cases.

Conclusions
Surgeons can utilize preoperative breast MRI for strategic operative planning when performing secondary mastopexy augmentation. Visualization of the blood supply to the NAC and dermo glandular flap thickness are vitally important when performing a more aggressive lift of the breast.

Level of Evidence: 3