bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring corruption impacts on MNE performance through the lens of risk and uncertainty
Authors: Keig Dawn L. , Brouthers Lance Eliot 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to apply a risk/uncertainty lens to corruption to explore how different types of corruption (formal vs informal) in a multinational enterprise’s (MNE) operating environment have different relationships to firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a portfolio approach to measure the formal and informal corruption impacts of an MNE’s entire set of operating locations and test the hypotheses using both accounting- and market-based measures of performance on a sample of 648 firms.

Findings
This study hypothesizes and finds that because formal corruption represents risk, it is typically included in the a priori evaluations of trade-offs between market attractiveness and costs made by MNEs prior to market entry, higher formal corruption in the firm’s environment is positively related to its financial performance. Conversely, the uncertainty associated with the generally intangible and pervasive nature of informal corruption prevents similar, accurate cost consideration before entering the market, resulting in a negative relationship between higher levels of informal corruption and firm performance.

Originality/value
This study provides unique empirical support for the notion that MNEs can both gain and lose by investing in corrupt institutional environments, grounded in an understanding of the differences between risk and uncertainty, reinforcing the importance of considering the potential impacts of both the formal and informal dimensions of corruption in a firm’s operating environment.
Commentary on “Vocational training for livelihood and rehabilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities”
Authors: Evans Ceridwen 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this commentary is to reflect on some of the themes presented in the associated article “Vocational training for livelihood and rehabilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities” and provide considerations for future close-to-practice research in the area of vocational training models and rehabilitation provisions.

Design/methodology/approach
This commentary considers the literature in relation to rehabilitation provisions centred around vocation, highlights the need for a person-centred focus and reiterates the potential of vocation as a route to social inclusion and wider social networks.

Findings
The focus on adapting supports and vocational training programmes to fit within the context of low-income areas and country-specific legislation should be afforded particular consideration, alongside ways to achieve high-quality research rigour, which still puts the person supported at the centre of any outcome measures.

Originality/value
This commentary is aimed in part at practitioners working in the field of learning disabilities and employment/vocation, who are keen to conduct close-to-practice research.
Effects of agri‐environment schemes on farm‐level eco‐efficiency measures: Empirical evidence from EU countries
Authors: Ait Sidhoum Amer , Canessa Carolin , Sauer Johannes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe European Union (EU) budget allocated to agri‐environmental schemes (AES) has increased consistently over the past 20 years. European citizens should expect effective spending of these public funds, so investigation of the effects of these schemes on both environmental benefits and farm efficiency is warranted. We examine the effects of European agri‐environmental schemes on farm‐level eco‐efficiency. Our analysis combines data envelopment analysis and impact assessment methods to evaluate the impact of scheme payments on eco‐efficiency measures. Our results suggest that there is considerable scope for eco‐efficiency improvements, both for dairy and crop production. Results also show that the average change in eco‐efficiency scores does not vary significantly between AES participants and non‐participants, which questions the effectiveness of present AES.
The development of human gut microbiota fermentation capacity during the first year of life
Authors: Schwab Clarissa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFermentation capacity of microbial ecosystems intrinsically depends on substrate supply and the ability of a microbial community to deliver monomers for fermentation. In established microbial ecosystems, the microbial community is adapted to efficiently degrade and ferment available biopolymers which is often concurrently reflected in the richness of the microbial community and its functional potential. During the first year of life, the human gut microbial environment is a rather dynamic system that is characterized by a change in physiological conditions (e.g. from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, physical growth of the gastrointestinal tract, development of the intestinal immune system) but also by a change in nutrient supply from a compositionally limited liquid to a diverse solid diet, which demands major compositional and functional changes of the intestinal microbiota. How these transitions link to intestinal microbial fermentation capacity has gained comparatively little interest so far. This mini‐review aims to collect evidence that already after birth, there is seeding of a hidden population of various fermentation organisms which remain present at low abundance until the cessation of breastfeeding removes nutritional restrictions of a liquid milk‐based diet. The introduction of solid food containing plant and animal material is accompanied by an altering microbiota. The concurrent increases in the abundance of degraders and fermenters lead to higher intestinal fermentation capacity indicated by increased faecal levels of the final fermentation metabolites propionate and butyrate. Recent reports indicate that the development of fermentation capacity is an important step during gut microbiota development, as chronic disorders such as allergy and atopic dermatitis have been linked to lower degradation and fermentation capacity indicated by reduced levels of final fermentation metabolites at 1 year of age.
Bloodwork: Circulatory Disorders, Immunity, and the Scarring of Systems
Authors: Yates‐Doerr Emily 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn June 2021, laboratory analysis of my blood indicated dangerously low levels of iron. This article chronicles my subsequent diagnosis of uterine fibroids, the hysterectomy that followed, and the scarring that came afterward. In doing so, the article tells the story of how blood circulates—or not—through biosocial systems. It shows how the properties of blood are frequently connected to conditions of exploitation to advance the argument that paying attention to how blood works, or “bloodwork,” can illuminate systemic inequality and alternative systems. In conversation with social reproduction theory, I consider capitalism’s powerful extractivist orderings of immunity in which my iron comes at another’s expense, alongside logics of immunity based on different circulatory visions. I hold on to the possibility of growing stronger without weakening others—so long as we can attend to history and its scars.
Who Gets to Be an Author?
Authors: Kawa Nicholas C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWho gets to be an author in contemporary anthropology and who does not? How do both questions about authorship expose problems surrounding academic labor and scholarly knowledge production, which have become normative features of the discipline? This essay examines how inherited logics and practices of anthropological authorship allow for the accumulation of intellectual capital for select academic laborers while excluding others, most notably field research assistants and students. Among university faculty, intellectual capital tends to concentrate in the hands of an elite few who are immunized from the demands imposed on most other academics, including unstable employment conditions and heavy course loads. This essay considers how anthropological scholars of labor can challenge the reigning logics of anthropological authorship through the adoption of new methods while also working to confront the neoliberal audit culture in higher education, which has created unsustainable demands for the majority of academic laborers.
Chief executive officer ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Jameel , Tian Gaoliang , Ashraf Adnan , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Ying Lu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explores the impact of CEO ability on corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. We take samples from Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and use the ordinary least squares as a baseline regression model to check the relationship between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. Our findings are robust to different corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure measures and CEO ability. We found a positive association between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure; thus, firms with a more able CEO are more likely to disclose more corporate environmental sustainability information. Our results also found a significant negative interaction coefficient between CEO ability and CEO career concerns. As the CEO grows older, his/her ability decreases; therefore, corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure reduces. Furthermore, we document that a female CEO strengthens the relationship between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. The study results are important for understanding corporate environmental responsibility development and implementation, particularly in China.
“Please send me the link for tomorrow, María” human‐rights based participatory research with people with learning disabilities via Zoom
Authors: de Castro María Gómez‐Carrillo , Palazuelos Adela , Corona Adrián , Sánchez Ángela , Alises Gema , Sancho Marta , Cauja Paola , Sanz Víctor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis paper describes the experience of conducting a co‐researched project with people with learning disabilities in Madrid, Spain, during the COVID pandemic and lockdown. I discuss the advantages and limitations of working online and challenges encountered while coordinating and facilitating the research.MethodsOur research project was on the impact of COVID on the lives of people with learning disabilities, which the eight co‐researchers chose. As part of my PhD, I offered my services as researcher to work together with persons with learning disabilities. Eight people took up my offer. We worked together from January 2021 to March 2022 virtually and I recorded this experience. I have written the paper, but as part of my co‐researcher agreement, I have shared my reflections and work with my co‐researchers, and we have co‐written a section to share our findings.FindingsIn this paper, I discuss the advantages and limitations of working online, challenges I encountered while coordinating and facilitating the research and the work together. Remote work enabled the group to work on a biweekly basis and with members from different parts of Madrid. It saved people time and effort getting around town, yet we had to introduce express times and spaces to socialise and create a working relationship that is less natural than during in‐person interactions and breaks. During our fieldwork, we found that the pandemic had spurred the access to digital devices and programmes, but people may still be reliant on their environment, carers or supporters to facilitate it. I included a section written with my co‐researchers, in which we reflect together on the experience of working online and how we reached out to their peers during our fieldwork. We identified limitations due to our online research methodology such as lack of owning a digital device, the difficulties having access to a private space from which to connect online and the joy of meeting other people to exchange experiences.ConclusionHuman rights based participatory research can be done online. There are different ways of overcoming barriers to participation. However, there are people with no access to the internet or without digital skills that are being excluded and we must ensure that we reach out to them as well.
The phenotypic costs of captivity
Authors: Crates Ross , Stojanovic Dejan , Heinsohn Robert 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe breeding of threatened species in captivity for release is a central tool in conservation biology. Given gloomy predictions for biodiversity trends in the Anthropocene, captive breeding will play an increasingly important role in preventing future extinctions. Relative to the wild, captive environments drastically alter selection pressures on animals. Phenotypic change in captive animals in response to these altered selection pressures can incur fitness costs post‐release, jeopardising their potential contribution to population recovery. We explore the ways in which captive environments can hinder the expression of wild phenotypes. We also stress that the phenotypes of captive‐bred animals differ from their wild counterparts in multiple ways that remain poorly understood. We propose five new research questions relating to the impact of captive phenotypes on reintroduction biology. With better use of monitoring and experimental reintroductions, a more robust evidence base should help inform adaptive management and minimise the phenotypic costs of captivity, improving the success of animal reintroductions.
Grasping decentralized finance through the lens of economic theory
Authors: Chiu Jonathan , Kahn Charles M. , Koeppl Thorsten V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this viewpoint article, we provide an analysis of the value proposition of decentralized finance (DeFi) and its limitations using a simple stylized model of collateralized lending. DeFi uses a decentralized ledger to run smart contracts that automatically enforce the terms of a lending contract and safeguard the collateral. DeFi can lower the costs associated with intermediated lending and improve financial inclusion. Limitations are the volatility of crypto collateral and stablecoins used for settlement, the possible incompleteness of smart contracts and the lack of a reliable oracle. A proper infrastructure reducing such limitations could improve the value of DeFi.
The challenges and pitfalls of incorporating evidence from cardiovascular outcomes trials in health economic modelling of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Evans Marc , Berry Sasha , Nazeri Avideh , Malkin Samuel JP , Ashley Donna , Hunt Barnaby , Bain Stephen C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe clinical evidence base for evaluating modern type 2 diabetes interventions has expanded greatly in recent years, with numerous efficacious treatment options available (including dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors). The cardiovascular safety of these interventions has been assessed individually versus placebo in numerous cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs), statistically powered to detect differences in a composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events. There have been growing calls to incorporate these data in the long‐term modelling of type 2 diabetes interventions because current diabetes models were developed prior to the conduct of the CVOTs and therefore rely on risk equations developed in the absence of these data. However, there are numerous challenges and pitfalls to avoid when using data from CVOTs. The primary concerns are around the heterogeneity of the trials, which have different study durations, inclusion criteria, rescue medication protocols and endpoint definitions; this results in significant uncertainty when comparing two or more interventions evaluated in separate CVOTs, as robust adjustment for these differences is difficult. Analyses using CVOT data inappropriately can dilute clear evidence from head‐to‐head clinical trials, and blur healthcare decision making. Calibration of existing models may represent an approach to incorporating CVOT data into diabetes modelling, but this can only offer a valid comparison of one intervention versus placebo based on a single CVOT. Ideally, model development should utilize patient‐level data from CVOTs to prepare novel risk equations that can better model modern therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Application of machine learning methods in multiaxial fatigue life prediction
Authors: Pałczyński Krzysztof , Skibicki Dariusz , Pejkowski Łukasz , Andrysiak Tomasz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper compares the results of multiaxial fatigue life estimation using machine learning methods and classical fatigue models. The fatigue life of PA38‐T6 aluminum alloy under uniaxial, proportional, and non‐proportional loading, including asynchronous loading, is studied. Machine learning methods are trained only on basic loadings, namely, axial, torsional, and 90° out‐of‐phase. The results obtained with the machine learning algorithms, dense neural networks, support vector regression (with linear and radial basis functions), decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost algorithms, are comparable to the results of classical models like Ellyin–Gołoś, Fatemi–Socie, and Ince–Glinka. The best results are achieved for dense neural networks. In that case, they are often slightly more accurate than those obtained using classical methods.
Prevalence of neuropsychiatric adverse events and associated factors among adult patients on dolutegravir attending Mulago ISS clinic
Authors: Mwebaza Joyce , Meya David , Musiime Victor , Birungi Caroline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionDolutegravir (DTG) is a second‐generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor that is recommended by the World Health Organization as the preferred first‐line and second‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with HIV. In 2018, Uganda started using DTG‐based regimens as the preferred first‐line ART. However, concerns regarding the potential neurotoxicity of DTG have been increasing. Data on the occurrence of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) and the associated factors among adult patients who are initiated on or switched to DTG‐based first‐line or second‐line ART in Uganda are limited.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of NPAEs among adult patients on DTG and the factors associated with their occurrence.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using questionnaires administered by a trained research assistant between 15 November 2021 and 15 December 2021. The study included patients aged ≥18 years with HIV who were either initiated on or switched to a DTG‐based ART regimen between 1 January 2018 and 31 October 2021. Informed consent and data were collected from 892 participants attending Mulago ISS clinic, including data on age, sex, marital status, disclosure status, current regimen, duration on ART, concurrent illness, concurrent medications, year of switch to DTG, duration on DTG, whether the onset of NPAEs was immediate or delayed, history of alcohol use or smoking, level of education, report of NPAEs while on DTG, and history of NPAEs while on previous regimen. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6.0.2 then exported to Stata version 14 for analysis.ResultsOf the 892 adults on DTG attending Mulago ISS clinic, 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5%–44.9%) experienced at least one NPAE. DTG duration in years (adjusted prevalence [aPR] = 1.21, p = 0.024), disclosure status (aPR = 1.40, p = 0.042), concurrent medications (aPR = 1.31, p = 0.026), year of switch to DTG, and concurrent illness were associated with an increased occurrence of NPAEs.ConclusionsThe prevalence of NPAEs was higher than that reported by any clinical trial. About 9.1% of participants had experienced severe to life‐threatening NPAEs that required intervention from a healthcare professional to improve tolerability. The high prevalence requires that clinicians screen for NPAEs at very visit and reassure patients to maximize the benefits of long‐term ART.
Evaluation of the transdentinal capability of the intrinsic antibacterial cetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol sterosomes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yang Xiaojun , Zhan Chaoning , Cheng Tianjiao , Huang Minchun , Ge Weiwen , Zhang Yiqing , Chen Ting , Lu Yanli , Cui Zhong‐Kai , Hou Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimDentinal tubules serve as disease‐causing channels for infiltration and penetration of bacteria and their by‐products; which are regarded as the major driver of pathogenesis in pulpal inflammation and infection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the transdentinal potential of nanoscale cetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol (CPC/Chol) sterosomes, which are a recently developed type of cationic non‐phospholipid liposomal nanocarrier; as well as their intrinsic and universal antibacterial activity.MethodologyCetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol sterosomes were formulated, with a hydrodynamic diameter of 134 ± 4 nm, a low polydisperse index of 0.161 ± 0.007, and a positive zeta potential of 41 ± 3 mV at pH 7.4. Transdentinal diffusion ability of sterosomes was evaluated using human dentine blocks in vitro, and Wistar rat molar teeth in vivo. The intrinsic antibacterial activities of CPC/Chol sterosomes against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were further examined.ResultsCetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol sterosomes successfully penetrated through the dentinal tubules, and diffused into the pulp, which could be internalized by dental pulp cells with a high efficiency. In addition, they exhibited substantial levels of intrinsic antibacterial activity against these Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative endodontic bacteria and their biofilms.ConclusionsGiven its high penetration and diffusion ability through the dentine and pulp, great potential for multi‐drug delivery, and distinct intrinsic antibacterial activity; sterosome‐based nanocarriers might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy aimed at targeting various specific pathways associated with pulpal diseases. This will help determine and characterize the most appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic targets for early intervention in our future dentistry practice.