bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain and behavioral contributions to individual choices in response to affective–cognitive persuasion
Authors: Di Plinio Simone , Aquino Antonio , Haddock Geoffrey , Alparone Francesca R , Ebisch Sjoerd J H 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAffective and cognitive information conveyed by persuasive stimuli is evaluated and integrated by individuals according to their behavioral predispositions. However, the neurocognitive structure that supports persuasion based on either affective or cognitive content is poorly understood. Here, we examine the neural and behavioral processes supporting choices based on affective and cognitive persuasion by integrating 4 information processing features: intrinsic brain connectivity, stimulus-evoked brain activity, intrinsic affective–cognitive orientation, and explicit target evaluations. We found that the intrinsic cross-network connections of a multimodal fronto-parietal network are associated with individual affective–cognitive orientation. Moreover, using a cross-validated classifier, we found that individuals’ intrinsic brain-behavioral dimensions, such as affective–cognitive orientation and intrinsic brain connectivity, can predict individual choices between affective and cognitive targets. Our findings show that affective- and cognitive-based choices rely on multiple sources, including behavioral orientation, stimulus evaluation, and intrinsic functional brain architecture.
Influence of magnetic cycles on stellar prominences and their mass loss rates
Authors: Faller Sarah J , Jardine Moira M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Observations of rapidly-rotating cool stars often show coronal “slingshot” prominences that remove mass and angular momentum when they are ejected. The derived masses of these prominences show a scatter of some two orders of magnitude. In order to investigate if this scatter could be intrinsic, we use a full magnetic cycle of solar magnetograms to model the coronal structure and prominence distribution in a young Sun, where we scale the field strength in the magnetograms with angular velocity according to B∝Ω−1.32. We reproduce both the observed prominence masses and their scatter. We show that both the field strength and the field geometry contribute to the prominence masses that can be supported and to the rate at which they are ejected. Predicted prominence masses follow the magnetic cycle, but with half the period, peaking both at cycle maximum and at cycle minimum. We show that mass loss rates in prominences are less than those predicted for the stellar wind. We also investigate the role of small-scale field that may be unresolved in typical stellar magnetograms. This provides only a small reduction in the predicted total prominence mass, principally by reducing the number of large magnetic loops that can support slingshot prominences. We conclude that the observed scatter in prominence masses can be explained by underlying magnetic cycles.
When the trusts come back to San Marino
Authors: Mazzola Giada , Cone Geoffrey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
San Marino i s the world’s oldest and smallest republic with a law system based on the ius commune directly deriving from the Roman law. San Marino has ratified the Hague Convention on the Law applicable to Trust and on their Recognition of 1 July 1985 and with the Trust Act of 2010 the internal trust law has been totally revised. Although the use of the San Marino trust has so far been limited, the innovative features of the legislation make the San Marino trust very competitive in the international context.
The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
Authors: Lima Giscard , Kolliari-Turner Alexander , Wang Guan , Ho Patrick , Meehan Lyra , Roeszler Kelly , Seto Jane , Malinsky Fernanda Rossell , Karanikolou Antonia , Eichhorn Gregor , Tanisawa Kumpei , Ospina-Betancurt Jonathan , Hamilton Blair , Kumi Paulette Y.O. , Shurlock Jonathan , Skiadas Vasileios , Twycross-Lewis Richard , Kilduff Liam , Guppy Fergus M. , North Kathryn , Pitsiladis Yannis , Fossati Chiara , Pigozzi Fabio , Borrione Paolo 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
It remains unknown whether myonuclei remain elevated post anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) usage in humans. Limited data exist on AAS-induced changes in gene expression.

Design:
Cross-sectional/longitudinal.

Setting:
University.

Participants:
Fifty-six men aged 20 to 42 years.

Independent Variables:
Non–resistance-trained (C) or resistance-trained (RT), RT currently using AAS (RT-AS), of which if AAS usage ceased for ≥18 weeks resampled as Returning Participants (RP) or RT previously using AAS (PREV).

Main Outcome Measures:
Myonuclei per fiber and cross-sectional area (CSA) of trapezius muscle fibers.

Results:
There were no significant differences between C (n = 5), RT (n = 15), RT-AS (n = 17), and PREV (n = 6) for myonuclei per fiber. Three of 5 returning participants (RP1-3) were biopsied twice. Before visit 1, RP1 ceased AAS usage 34 weeks before, RP2 and RP3 ceased AAS usage ≤2 weeks before, and all had 28 weeks between visits. Fiber CSA decreased for RP1 and RP2 between visits (7566 vs 6629 μm2; 7854 vs 5677 μm2) while myonuclei per fiber remained similar (3.5 vs 3.4; 2.5 vs 2.6). Respectively, these values increased for RP3 between visits (7167 vs 7889 μm2; 2.6 vs 3.3).

Conclusions:
This cohort of past AAS users did not have elevated myonuclei per fiber values, unlike previous research, but reported AAS usage was much lower. Training and AAS usage history also varied widely among participants. Comparable myonuclei per fiber numbers despite decrements in fiber CSA postexposure adheres with the muscle memory mechanism, but there is variation in usage relative to sampling date and low numbers of returning participants.
Structural variants in the barley gene pool: precision and sensitivity to detect them using short-read sequencing and their association with gene expression and phenotypic variation
Authors: Weisweiler Marius , Arlt Christopher , Wu Po-Ya , Van Inghelandt Delphine , Hartwig Thomas , Stich Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIn human genetics, several studies have shown that phenotypic variation is more likely to be caused by structural variants (SV) than by single nucleotide variants (SNV). However, accurate while cost-efficient discovery of SV in complex genomes remains challenging. The objectives of our study were to (i) facilitate SV discovery studies by benchmarking SV callers and their combinations with respect to their sensitivity and precision to detect SV in the barley genome, (ii) characterize the occurrence and distribution of SV clusters in the genomes of 23 barley inbreds that are the parents of a unique resource for mapping quantitative traits, the double round robin population, (iii) quantify the association of SV clusters with transcript abundance, and (iv) evaluate the use of SV clusters for the prediction of phenotypic traits. In our computer simulations based on a sequencing coverage of 25x, a sensitivity>70% and precision>95% was observed for all combinations of SV types and SV length categories if the best combination of SV callers was used. We observed a significant (P<0.05) association of gene-associated SV clusters with global gene-specific gene expression. Furthermore, about 9% of all SV clusters that were within 5kb of a gene were significantly (P<0.05) associated with the gene expression of the corresponding gene. The prediction ability of SV clusters was higher compared to that of single nucleotide polymorphisms from an array across the seven studied phenotypic traits. These findings suggest the usefulness of exploiting SV information when fine mapping and cloning the causal genes underlying quantitative traits as well as the high potential of using SV clusters for the prediction of phenotypes in diverse germplasm sets.
Structure of C. elegans TMC-1 complex illuminates auditory mechanosensory transduction
Authors: Jeong Hanbin , Clark Sarah , Goehring April , Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh Sepehr , Rasouli Ali , Tajkhorshid Emad , Gouaux Eric 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe initial step in the sensory transduction pathway underpinning hearing and balance in mammals involves the conversion of force into the gating of a mechanosensory transduction (MT) channel. Despite the profound socioeconomic impacts of hearing disorders and the fundamental biological significance of understanding MT, the composition, structure and mechanism of the MT complex has remained elusive. Here we report the single particle cryo-EM structure of the native MT TMC-1 complex isolated from C. elegans. The 2-fold symmetric complex is composed of 2 copies each of the pore-forming TMC-1 subunit, the calcium-binding protein CALM-1 and the transmembrane inner ear protein TMIE. CALM-1 makes extensive contacts with the cytoplasmic face of the TMC-1 subunits while the single-pass TMIE subunits reside on the periphery of the complex, poised like the handles of an accordion. A subset of particles in addition harbors a single arrestin-like protein, ARRD-6, bound to a CALM-1 domain. Single- particle reconstructions and molecular dynamics simulations show how the MT complex deforms the membrane bilayer and suggest crucial roles for lipid-protein interactions in the mechanism by which mechanical force is transduced to ion channel gating.
MorphoFeatures: unsupervised exploration of cell types, tissues and organs in volume electron microscopy
Authors: Zinchenko Valentyna , Hugger Johannes , Uhlmann Virginie , Arendt Detlev , Kreshuk Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectron microscopy (EM) provides a uniquely detailed view of cellular morphology, including organelles and fine subcellular ultrastructure. While the acquisition and (semi-)automatic segmentation of multicellular EM volumes is now becoming routine, large-scale analysis remains severely limited by the lack of generally applicable pipelines for automatic extraction of comprehensive morphological descriptors. Here, we present a novel unsupervised method for learning cellular morphology features directly from 3D EM data: a convolutional neural network delivers a representation of cells by shape and ultrastructure. Applied to the full volume of an entire three-segmented worm of the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, it yields a visually consistent grouping of cells supported by specific gene expression profiles. Integration of features across spatial neighbours can retrieve tissues and organs, revealing, for example, a detailed organization of the animal foregut. We envision that the unbiased nature of the proposed morphological descriptors will enable rapid exploration of very different biological questions in large EM volumes, greatly increasing the impact of these invaluable, but costly resources.
The link among energy consumption, growth and globalization in Turkish agriculture
Authors: Gunduz Orhan , Korkmaz Ozge , Ceyhan Vedat 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between energy consumption, agricultural economic growth and globalization in Turkey by using data from 1980 to 2018.

Design/methodology/approach
The Lee-Strazicich LM breakpoint test was used to test the stationarity of the variables. The presence of the long-run relationship between the variables was examined by using the Maki cointegration test. The dynamic ordinary least squares method was used to estimate the long-run coefficients of the model. The direction of causalities was determined using the Toda–Yamamoto causality test.

Findings
Research results showed that consuming energy on average of 14,460 GJ/hectare has returned $1,612 agricultural gross domestic products (GDP)/hectare per year. Turkey’s energy consumption (EC), GDP and globalization index (GI) from 1980 to 2018 increased by 2-fold, 3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. Research results also showed that Turkey’s EC was affected by GI and GDP.

Practical implications
The study suggests using environmentally friendly energy inputs and conscious consumption to reach growth targets and to reduce the pressure of intensive energy use on natural resources. Further research is needed for exploring the causality and relationship between EC and GI and along with other variables in the agricultural sector.

Originality/value
The study contributes two contributions to the existing literature. The first contribution is to examine the neglected relationship between GI and EC and GDP in Turkey. The second is that the EC data for Turkish agriculture used in the study were calculated by the authors.
Stress analysis of I-beam with web opening via finite element analysis and experimental study
Authors: De'nan Fatimah , Hashim Nor Salwani 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to perform the finite element analysis (FEA) for the numerical discretization of sections with different arrangements of Web openings to investigate the torsion behavior. Typical hexagonal and circular Web opening sections are extensively used in steel construction due to economic development in building design. However, the use of sections with different arrangements of Web opening had improved the performance of the section with Web opening in terms of structural behavior which leads to economic design compared to typical I-beam.

Design/methodology/approach
The accuracy of FE results allows extensive numerical analysis of stress concentration magnitude for sections with Web openings, concentrating on the sizes and positions of the Web opening. Five shapes and three sizes of Web opening are used in this work. The shapes involved are c-hexagon, hexagon, octagon, circular and square, whereas the sizes of the Web opening involved are 0.67 D, 0.75 D and 0.80 D where D is the height of the Web. Two types of models for 200 × 100 × 8×6 mm steel section involved which is Model 1, where the section with 50 mm edge and 150 mm center-to-center distance and Model 2, where the section with 100 mm edge and 200 mm center-to-center distance.

Findings
It was found that these configurations affect the section with various shapes of Web openings sizes (0.67 D, 0.75 D, and 0.80 D). This also includes the spacing distances, with 50 mm edge and 150 mm center-to-center distance and also a section with 100 mm edge and 200 mm center-to-center distance. Through the FEA results of Model 1 and Model 2, it is found that 50% reduction in horizontal member length in hexagon Web opening, from 50 mm to 20 mm, caused increment about 30%–53% stress concentration in Web for c-hexagon. However, for a stress analysis of c-hexagon, geometry resulted in a lower stress concentration in the Web than other Web opening.

Originality/value
Additionally, the work emphasized the efficiency of Web opening shapes by using an appropriate Web opening radius in section with c-hexagon, hexagon, octagon, square and circular shapes. The final results show the contribution of appropriate Web opening radius to increase the section torsional capacity. It is observed that the torsional capacity at certain loading condition and its angle of twist is analysed.
CEO–CFO team optimism: Commercial real estate transactions and REIT performance
Authors: Eichholtz Piet , Yönder Erkan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe managerial optimism literature concentrates on CEOs neglecting other executive team members. We evaluate the interplay of the optimism levels of the CEOs and CFOs of real estate investment trusts, and study their commercial real estate transactions. We find that firms led by optimistic CEO/CFO teams pay 3% more than their peers for their asset acquisitions if cash ratio increases by one percentage point. Our findings also exhibit inferior stock performance by optimistic teams following a transaction. Conversely, diversity in terms of CEO/CFO optimism prevents firms from overpaying, serving as a soft governance mechanism with salience to firm performance.
The perceived work environment and well‐being: A survey of emergency health care workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Blanchard Janice , Li Yixuan , Bentley Suzanne K. , Lall Michelle D. , Messman Anne M. , Liu Yiju Teresa , Diercks Deborah B. , Merritt‐Recchia Rory , Sorge Randy , Warchol Jordan M. , Greene Christopher , Griffith James , Manfredi Rita A. , McCarthy Melissa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, health care provider well‐being was affected by various challenges in the work environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the perceived work environment and mental well‐being of a sample of emergency physicians (EPs), emergency medicine (EM) nurses, and emergency medical services (EMS) providers during the pandemic.MethodsWe surveyed attending EPs, resident EPs, EM nurses, and EMS providers from 10 academic sites across the United States. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to estimate the effect of the perceived work environment on screening positive for depression/anxiety and burnout controlling for respondent characteristics. We tested possible predictors in the multivariate regression models and included the predictors that were significant in the final model.ResultsOur final sample included 701 emergency health care workers. Almost 23% of respondents screened positive for depression/anxiety and 39.7% for burnout. Nurses were significantly more likely to screen positive for depression/anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–3.86) and burnout (aOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22–3.49) compared to attendings. The LCA analysis identified four subgroups of our respondents that differed in their responses to the work environment questions. These groups were identified as Work Environment Risk Group 1, an overall good work environment; Risk Group 2, inadequate resources; Risk Group 3, lack of perceived organizational support; and Risk Group 4, an overall poor work environment. Participants in the two groups who perceived their work conditions as most adverse were significantly more likely to screen positive for depression/anxiety (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.05–3.42; and aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.14–3.66) compared to participants working in environments perceived as less adverse.ConclusionsWe found a strong association between a perceived adverse working environment and poor mental health, particularly when organizational support was deemed inadequate. Targeted strategies to promote better perceptions of the workplace are needed.
Anatomical, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of cavum nasi of the common quails (Coturnix coturnix. Erlangeri)
Authors: Basha Walaa Abdelwahab Abdeghani , Farouk Sameh Mohamed , Hassan Said Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTen normal, mature and common quails were used to study in detail the gross anatomy, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of the nasal cavity. The relationship between the structure and function of the nasal cavity also were assessed. The quail nasal cavity was divided into the vestibule, nasal cavity proper and fundus. The nasal cavity began rostrally by two slit‐like external nares located laterally in the middle third of the upper beak. A previous authors stated that no rostral concha but the current study record that the rostral nasal concha was located opposite the nostrils and exhibited a C‐shaped appearance in transverse section and was 5 mm long and 3 mm wide. The middle nasal concha was narrow and elongated. The caudal nasal concha was spherical, located caudodorsal to the rostral nasal concha and measured 2 mm in diameter. The infraorbital sinus was a roughly triangular cavity situated immediately rostral to the orbit. The histological and surface ultrastructural study of the nasal cavity of common quail did not studied previously. Histologically, the cavum nasi was composed of three regions: vestibule, respiratory and olfactory. The vestibule was lined with stratified squamous epithelium that was keratinized rostrally and non‐keratinized caudally. The respiratory region was covered by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Intra‐epithelial mucous glands were present in the respiratory region and displayed a strong reaction with Alcian blue. The lining epithelium in the olfactory region was pseudostratified and contained olfactory, supporting and basal cells.
Socioeconomic disparities in rates of facial fracture surgeries for women and men at a regional tertiary care centre in Australia
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Ho Yik‐Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssault is the most common mechanism of injury in patients presenting with facial trauma in Australia. For women, there is a propensity for maxillofacial injuries to stem from intimate partner violence (IPV). Those with a low socioeconomic status have higher rates of IPV. This study examines variations in the proportion of surgical procedures that are due to facial trauma for Australian women and men by employment status and residential socioeconomic status.MethodsA single centre retrospective study was conducted (2008–2018). The proportion of operative patients presenting with facial fractures was examined. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year and age, was performed for women and men.ResultsFacial fractures comprised 1.51% (1602) of all surgeries, patients had a mean age of 32, and 81.3% were male. Unemployed patients were more likely to require surgery for a facial fracture (OR 2.36 (2.09–2.68), P <0.001), and there were no significant variations by index of economic resources (IER). Unemployed males had higher rates of facial fractures (OR 2.09 (1.82–2.39), P <0.001). Unemployed and disadvantaged IER females had higher rates of facial fractures (OR 5.02 (3.73–6.75), P <0.001 and OR 2.31(1.63–3.29), P <0.001).ConclusionsThis study found disparities in rates of surgery for facial fractures; unemployment increased the rates for men and women, whereas disadvantaged IER increased rates for women. Studies have demonstrated higher rates of IPV for unemployed and low socioeconomic status women. Further research ascertaining the aetiology of these disparities is important both for primary prevention initiatives and to enable treating clinicians to better understand and address the role of IPV and alcohol consumption in these injuries.
Potential duration of unemployment benefits and labor market outcomes for older workers with health impairments in Germany
Authors: Petrunyk Inna , Pfeifer Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research note estimates the causal effects of a cut in the potential duration of regular unemployment benefits for older workers in Germany on the labor market outcomes of individuals with health impairments. The analyzed reform is a natural experiment that allows a difference‐in‐differences strategy with treatment intensity. The results provide evidence for a significant decrease in the number of days in regular unemployment benefits and an increase in the number of days in employment. However, the results also suggest a significant increase in the number of days in unemployment (social) assistance, which are granted upon exhaustion of regular unemployment benefits.