bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear and volumetric wear of conventional and milled denture teeth
Authors: Kim Susun Theresa , Cook Donald Ryan , Albouy Jean‐Pierre , De Kok Ingeborg , Sulaiman Taiseer A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the linear and volumetric wear of conventional and milled double‐cross‐linked polymethyl methacrylate, nano‐composite, and nano‐ceramic infused resin posterior denture teeth.MethodsDouble‐cross‐linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) premolar teeth were scanned and used to mill denture teeth from a double‐cross‐linked PMMA resin disc and a nano‐composite with nano‐ceramic infused resin disc. The specimens (n = 8: conventional double‐cross‐linked PMMA resin teeth—DCL, milled double‐cross‐linked PMMA resin teeth—DCL‐CAM, conventional nano‐composite infused resin teeth with four layers composed of composite and PMMA resin teeth—NC, and milled nano‐composite and nano‐ceramic infused resin teeth—NC‐CAM) underwent chewing simulation in the biaxial fatigue testing machine at 1.53 Hz frequency, thermocycling between 5 and 55°C, and 49 N force against a Ø6mm steatite. After 250,000 cycles, the linear changes on the occlusal surfaces of the specimens were analyzed with pairwise comparison with Bonferroni post hoc test, and the volumetric changes of the specimens were analyzed with a one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe linear wear of the conventional and milled denture teeth was linearly correlated with the number of cycles between 50,000 and 250,000 cycles. After 250,000 cycles, NC had significantly more linear and volumetric wear (0.52 ± 0.10 mm and 4.29 ± 0.94 mm3) than DCL (0.18 ± 0.03 mm and 0.74 ± 0.14 mm3; p < 0.001) and NC‐CAM (0.15 ± 0.03 mm and 0.35 ± 0.21 mm3; p < 0.001). DCL‐CAM and NC‐CAM had linearly and volumetrically equivalent wear to DCL (p > 0.05). NC‐CAM had significantly less linear and volumetric wear (0.15 ± 0.03 mm and 0.35 ± 0.21 mm3) than DCL‐CAM (0.24 ± 0.07 mm and 1.22 ± 0.61 mm3; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe conventional NC wore more than DCL, DCL‐CAM, and NC‐CAM. Both milled denture teeth wore an equivalent amount to conventional DCL. The wear between the conventional and milled DCL was equivalent.Clinical significanceDenture teeth selection can prolong the retreading process and decrease the occurrences of prosthetic complications. Milled denture teeth are good alternatives to conventional denture teeth with regards to their wear resistance.
Effect of pretreatments and drying on shrinkage and rehydration kinetics of ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Buvaneswaran Malini , Natarajan Venkatachalapathy , Sunil Chikkaballapur Krishnappa , Rawson Ashish 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to understand the effect of drying temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and pretreatments such as conventional blanching (60°C for 5 min) (CB), microwave‐assisted blanching (430 W for 2 min) (MAB), and ultrasound (amplitude: 60%; time: 15 min) (US) conditions on shrinkage and rehydration behavior of ginger slices. In all treatment combinations, the volumetric shrinkage of ginger slices was well described by the quadratic equation as a function of moisture content. From the experimental study, it was found that the ginger slices pretreated with US had shown the lowest percentage of shrinkage in length (6–7%), breadth (41–43%), and volume (64–65%) at three different drying temperatures, following that control (7–10%, 44–45%, and 66–71%), CB (17–19%, 55–57%, and 80–81%), and MAB (16–23%, 46–53%, and 76–80%) slices have higher volumetric shrinkage. In rehydration, the Peleg's, exponential, and Vega‐Galvez models comparatively well describe the rehydration kinetics of ginger slices as a function of rehydration time. The US treated samples dried at 60°C have the higher rehydration ratio (RR) of 4.886 at 35°C rehydration temperature. The relationship between the Peleg's kinetic rates constant (k1), and various treatment conditions was estimated. The rehydration ratio of ginger slices lies between 2.5 and 5. Compared to other pretreatments and drying conditions, US treated samples dried at 60°C have better quality in terms of volumetric shrinkage and rehydration ratio.Practical ApplicationsWhen it comes to the preservation of fresh agricultural products, drying is the most common method. Studying dried product quality using physical criteria such as shrinkage and rehydration helps to understand the textural and physical nature of foods. This study will aid in selecting better process parameters to obtain higher‐quality products and information on ginger shrinkage and rehydration behavior. The shrinkage and rehydration behavior of ginger slices have been satisfactorily described using mathematical models. A quadratic equation best describes the shrinkage behavior. The rehydration property of ginger slices is well represented by the Peleg's, exponential, and Vega‐Galvez models. The ginger slices pretreated with US treatment undergone fewer shrinkage changes and have higher water uptake in a minimum rehydration period. They can be used in ready to cook products.
Climate change allowances, non‐stationarity and flood frequency analyses
Authors: Griffin Adam , Kay Alison , Stewart Lisa , Spencer Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen considering future adaptation to climate change in UK fluvial flood alleviation schemes, the current recommendation by the Environment Agency (England) is to increase peak design flood flows by a preselected percentage. This allowance varies depending on the period for which the estimate is being made, the vulnerability of the development being considered and its location. Recently, questions have been raised as to whether these percentage uplifts should be kept the same, or whether change has already happened within the baseline period and so uplifts should be reduced. A complicating factor is that changes in flood frequency can occur for reasons in addition to climate change, such as land‐use change or natural variability. This article describes current approaches taken by different stakeholders for catchments in England and Wales to account for climate change, and discusses these allowances where there is already an observed presence of trend in flood regimes. Theil–Sen estimators of trend were used in comparing non‐stationary and stationary flood frequency curves with allowances applied, leading to a recommendation of evaluating non‐stationary models at 1990, the end of the reference period. Examples were explored such as the Eden catchment, which was heavily affected by Storm Desmond in December 2015.
Does nonperforming loan securitization affect credit default swap spreads? Evidence from European banks
Authors: Di Tommaso Caterina , Pacelli Vincenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe contribute to the growing literature on bank risk management by examining the credit risk implications of nonperforming loan (NPL) management during the period 2012–2020. We construct a unique database with 116 NPL deals by 31 European Union (EU) banks. Our study is motivated by the hypothesis that NPL securitization has a beneficial effect on bank loan quality and that this effect is incorporated in the bank's credit default swap (CDS) spread. Our analysis finds a statistically significant decline in a bank's CDS spread in the days leading up to and shortly after the announcement of an NPL securitization. This suggests that the CDS market views NPL securitization as a de‐risking activity and a means of risk mitigation. The impact is even more evident for NPL securitization with a government guarantee which may offer additional credibility to these de‐risking activities.
TIMP2 genetic variation rs4789932 may associate with an increased risk of developing acne scarring based on a case‐control study of Chinese Han population
Authors: Wen Xiulin , Du Huicong , Hao Xiaoyan , Zhang Hongke , Guo Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder that has a higher prevalence in adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have indicated that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its risk. The protein encoded by the TIMP2 gene is a natural inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Changes in TIMP2 expression are speculated to disrupt the TIMP/MMP balance and result in acne scarring.AimsOur study aimed to comprehensively explore the potential genetic susceptibility of TIMP2 to acne scarring based on a case‐control study.Patients and MethodsIn total, 1060 patients with acne scarring (cases) and 2162 patients without acne scarring (controls) were enrolled in the present study. Seventeen tag single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TIMP2 gene were selected for genotyping. Genetic association analyses were conducted at both the single marker and haplotypic levels. Single marker‐based association analyses were performed in the genotypic model and allelic model. The distributions of clinical variables in different genotype groups of targeted SNPs in patients with acne scarring were also examined.ResultsSNP rs4789932 was identified to be significantly associated with the risk of acne scarring in both the genotypic model (p = 0.001) and allelic model (p = 0.0002). The C allele of SNP rs4789932 was significantly associated with an increased risk of acne scarring (OR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.10–1.37]). Significant differences were identified between the SNP rs4789932 genotypes and the clinical severity of acne scarring (p < 2.2 × 10−16). The C allele of SNP rs4789932 was associated with severe clinical features of acne scarring.ConclusionsA significant genetic marker of the promoter region in TIMP2 was identified to contribute to the risk of acne scarring in the Chinese Han population and was significantly associated with the clinical severity of acne scarring in patients.
Investigation of thiol‐disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin levels in patients with hidradenitis supurativa
Authors: Balik Zeynep Busra , Balik Ahmet Rifat , Yucel Cigdem , Hayran Yildiz , Çaliskan Ercan , Erel Ozcan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of HS is not clear, and the triggering mechanism for the initiation of the disease is still a controversy.AimsThe present study aims to investigate the relationship between thiol‐disulfide homeostasis (TDH), ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA), and HS. To our knowledge, this will be the first report evaluating TDH and IMA status in HS.Patients/MethodsThe study included 30 patients with HS as the patient group and 30 healthy individuals as the control group. For determination of HS severity, Hurley and Hidradenitis suppurativa physician global assessment (PGA) scores were used. One tube venous blood specimen from every participant was obtained. IMA and TDH tests were analyzed in sera of participants. The results were evaluated statistically.ResultsDisulfide (p < 0.001), Index I (p = 0.001), and Index II (p = 0.001) levels in HS group were significantly higher than control group. IMA levels in patients with higher Hurley scores are significantly higher (p = 0.032, r = 0.39). A positive correlation was observed between IMA level and disease duration (p = 0.021, r = 0.42).ConclusionsThe shift in thiol/disulfide balance toward disulfide and significant increase in IMA levels put out the importance of oxidation status in HS etiopathogenesis.
Construction of nursing care quality evaluation indicators for post‐anaesthesia care unit in China
Authors: Zhu Wanping , Wu Jingjie , Yang Lili , Xu Yiqing , Zhou Na 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo establish a set of scientific and practical nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU in China.BackgroundNo unified nursing care quality evaluation indicators for post‐anaesthesia care unit (PACU) were found in China.DesignAn international literature review, domestic cross‐sectional survey and two‐round e‐Delphi study.MethodsThe international literature review and domestic cross‐sectional survey were conducted to identify the potential nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU. A total of 38 and 32 indicators were extracted from 24 articles and the cross‐sectional survey respectively. Two rounds of e‐Delphi study were conducted to collect opinions from a panel of 20 independent experts and establish the final version of the nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU. A GRRAS checklist was used to guide the reporting of this study.ResultsOf 20 experts, 19 completed the first round of e‐Delphi study and 18 completed the second round, with a response rate of 95% and 90% respectively. The experts’ authority coefficient in the two rounds of e‐Delphi study was 0.91 and 0.90 respectively. The Kendall W value of the two rounds ranged between 0.108 and 0.385 (p < .01). Four structure indicators, 12 process indicators and seven outcome indicators were included in the nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU.ConclusionsWith the methods of literature review, cross‐sectional survey and e‐Delphi study, we established a set of scientific and practical nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU, to improve the nursing care quality, reduce incidence of complications and ensure patient safety.Relevant to clinical practiceThe findings from this study enable nurses and managers in PACU settings to evaluate clinical nursing care quality using a robust framework.
Evaluating an undergraduate nursing student telehealth placement for community‐dwelling frail older people during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brownie Sharon M. , Chalmers Linda M. , Broman Patrick , Andersen Patrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate a rapid response student telehealth placement experience implementing interRAI assessments of community‐dwelling frail older people during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To identify lessons to inform future telehealth clinical placements.BackgroundNew Zealand undertakes assessment of older people with disabilities using the interRAI contact assessment tool for less complex conditions and home care assessment tool for complex needs. New Zealand entered lockdown in March 2020 in response to COVID‐19. New Zealand's most vulnerable community members required urgent needs assessment.DesignA clinical placement whereby 3rd year undergraduate nursing students trained by interRAI‐NZ educators worked remotely from home delivering telehealth assessment for ‘at risk’ older people across the Waikato District, New Zealand. This represented the first telehealth experience within an undergraduate nursing program approved by the New Zealand Nursing Council.MethodsA case study evaluation utilising mixed method questionnaire and qualitative techniques within an interpretive paradigm. 19 third year students in the fifth semester of a Bachelor of Nursing program and 5 nursing staff members engaged in delivery of the initiative completed pre‐ and post‐placement short answer questionnaires. Reflective diaries were maintained by students on placement. Post‐placement interviews and focus group discussions provided in‐depth data. COREQ guidelines informed analysis and reporting.ResultsStudent and tutor responses showed consistent themes: tackling COVID‐19; implementation requirements; nursing competencies; provider relationships; and community insights. These provide insight and highlight lessons learnt from this initiative.ConclusionsStudent confidence in therapeutic engagement and clinical assessment and interest in aged care was increased, confirming the viability and importance of this inaugural telehealth student placement initiative.Relevance to Clinical PracticeGraduate work readiness is enhanced through telehealth placement experience and interRAI assessor training. These are recommended as core components of future nursing education programs.
Diagnostic performance of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT in inflammation of unknown origin: A clinical series of 317 patients
Authors: Holubar Jan , Broner Jonathan , Arnaud Erik , Hallé Olivier , Mura Thibault , Chambert Benjamin , Sotto Albert , Roubille Camille , Gaujoux‐Viala Cecile , Goulabchand Radjiv 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammation of unknown origin (IUO) is a challenging situation in internal medicine.ObjectivesTo describe the final diagnoses in IUO and assess the helpfulness of 18F‐fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/CT) in the diagnosis strategy.ResultsA total of 317 IUO patients with 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT were enrolled. A diagnosis was reached in 228 patients: noninfectious inflammatory diseases (NIID) (37.5%), infectious diseases (18.6%), malignancies (7.9%), and non‐systemic‐inflammatory miscellaneous diseases (7.9%). The two leading causes of NIID were polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT results were classified as true positive in 49.8% of patients and contributory in 75.1% of overall IUO patients (after the complete investigation set and a prolonged follow‐up). In multivariate analysis, only C‐reactive protein minimum level (≥50 mg/L) was associated with the contributory status of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT.ConclusionWithin the wide spectrum of IUO underlying diseases, 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT is helpful to make a diagnosis and to eliminate inflammatory diseases. Obese patients constitute a specific group needing further studies.
Social media and diatopic tension: A psychosocial study with Haddad and Bolsonaro's voters in Brazil
Authors: Echeverri Vásquez Georgie , Wolter Rafael Pecly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at analyzing the communicational dynamics activated by the dissemination offake newson social media in moments of collective mobilization, in the frame of the dialogic approach of social representations. In order to establish a comparative analysis, three focus groups were created with voters of candidates Fernando Haddad and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, who discussed the content of purposely selectedFacebookposts. The study extrapolated the conversational exercise to the dynamics of a social media, concluding that digital ecosystems, in moments of collective mobilization, behave as representational fields guided, from the psychosocial point of view, by relations of identity tension and, from a rhetorical or communicational point of view, by a phenomenon calleddiatopic tension, characterized by the coexistence of four interdependent variables: (1) topological divergence; (2) situational heteroglossy; (3) affective intensity and 4) apparent perception of factual control.
Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 prevent influenza virus infection and attenuate secondary bacterial infection risk
Authors: Ishikawa H. , Kuno Y. , Kohda C. , Sasaki H. , Nagashima R. , Iyoda M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present study assessed the inhibitory action of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 against influenza virus infection followed by secondary bacterial infection. We found that the presence of 200 or 400 μg ml−1 of EPS significantly protected against influenza virus infection in a dose-dependent manner when A549 cells were treated with EPS before infection but not after it. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1), an adhesion molecule for bacteria adherence, on A549 cells was significantly enhanced during influenza virus infection compared with viral-non-infected A549 cells. However, this upregulated CEACAM-1 expression was significantly decreased by EPS treatment before viral infection in association with the reduction in the virus titre in A549 cells. In a bacterial adhesion assay using Staphylococcus aureus, the bacterial adherence to viral-infected A549 cells was significantly greater than that to viral-non-infected A549 cells, and the increased bacterial adherence induced by influenza virus infection tended to be decreased by EPS treatment before the infection. Our findings show that EPS treatment before viral infection can inhibit influenza virus infection and alleviate secondary bacterial infection through decreased CEACAM-1 expression.
Lower beta‐1,3‐D‐glucan testing cut‐offs increase sensitivity for non‐albicans Candida species bloodstream infections
Authors: Forster Johannes , Dichtl Karl , Wagener Johannes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeFungal biomarkers support early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a recent update to the manufacturer‐recommended cut‐off for beta‐1,3‐D‐glucan (BDG) testing (Fujifilm Wako BDG assay) on sensitivity and specificity for the detection of candidemia. Additionally, we compared the performance with tests for Candida antigen (Ag by Serion ELISA antigen Candida, Virion\Serion) and anti‐mannan antibodies (Ab by Hemkit Candida IHA, Ravo Diagnostika).MethodsSera of 82 patients with candidemia, which were sampled with a maximum distance of ±14 days from the date of sampling of the corresponding positive blood cultures, were retrospectively analysed for BDG, Ag and Ab. Results of BDG testing were compared with results from sera of 129 patients with candidemia from a different hospital.ResultsSensitivity of BDG testing (47%) was higher than for Ag (17%) or Ab (20%). By combining Ag and Ab testing, sensitivity was raised to 32%. Lowering the cut‐off of BDG from 11 pg/ml to the newly recommended cut‐off of 7 pg/ml resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity (47% vs 58%, p = .01 and 63% vs 71% p < .01). At both centres, the increase was significant in NAC but not in C. albicans candidemia. No significant effects on specificity were observed.ConclusionBDG testing outperformed Ag and Ab testing and its combination. Lowering the BDG cut‐off had no significant impact on specificity. The increase in sensitivity can be mainly attributed to a gain in sensitivity for non‐albicans Candida species bloodstream infections.
Developmental regulation of leaf venation patterns: monocot versus eudicots and the role of auxin
Authors: Perico Chiara , Tan Sovanna , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryOrganisation and patterning of the vascular network in land plants varies in different taxonomic, developmental and environmental contexts. In leaves, the degree of vascular strand connectivity influences both light and CO2 harvesting capabilities as well as hydraulic capacity. As such, developmental mechanisms that regulate leaf venation patterning have a direct impact on physiological performance. Development of the leaf venation network requires the specification of procambial cells within the ground meristem of the primordium and subsequent proliferation and differentiation of the procambial lineage to form vascular strands. An understanding of how diverse venation patterns are manifest therefore requires mechanistic insight into how procambium is dynamically specified in a growing leaf. A role for auxin in this process was identified many years ago, but questions remain. In this review we first provide an overview of the diverse venation patterns that exist in land plants, providing an evolutionary perspective. We then focus on the developmental regulation of leaf venation patterns in angiosperms, comparing patterning in eudicots and monocots, and the role of auxin in each case. Although common themes emerge, we conclude that the developmental mechanisms elucidated in eudicots are unlikely to fully explain how parallel venation patterns in monocot leaves are elaborated.