bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cool runnings: behavioural plasticity and the realised thermal niche of basking sharks
Authors: Johnston E. M. , Houghton J. D. R. , Mayo P. A. , Hatten G. K. F. , Klimley A. P. , Mensink P. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong-distance migrations by marine vertebrates are often triggered by pronounced environmental cues. For the endangered basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), seasonal changes in water temperature are frequently proposed as a cue for aggregation within (and dispersal from) coastal hotspots. The inference is that such movements reflect year-round occupancy within a given thermal ‘envelope’. However, the marked variance in timing, direction and depth of dispersal movements hint at a more nuanced explanation for basking sharks. Here, using data from pop-off archival transmitters deployed on individuals in Irish waters, we explored whether autumnal decreases in water temperature triggered departure from coastal habitats and how depth and location shaped the sharks’ realised thermal environment over time. Temperature was not an apparent driver of dispersal from coastal seas, and variance in daily temperature ranges reflected occupancy of different habitats; coastal mixed/stratified and offshore subtropical/tropical waters. Furthermore, individuals that moved offshore and into more southern latitudes off Africa, exhibited a distinct daily cycle of deep dives (00:00–12:00, 200 m–700 m; 12:00–00:00, 0–300 m), experiencing a more extreme range of temperatures (6.8–27.4 °C), including cooler minimum temperatures, than those remaining in European coastal habitat (9.2–17.6 °C). Collectively, these findings challenge the supposition that temperature serves as a universal driver of seasonal dispersal from coastal seas and prompts further studies of deep-water forays in offshore areas.
Exploring the role of compactness in path-dependent land-taking processes in Italy
Authors: Orsi Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLand take, namely the conversion of natural land into impervious surfaces, is partly driven by path dependency, whereby dispersed settlements tend to spread more than compact ones over time. Yet there is limited knowledge about the extent to which specific aspects of compactness are associated with land take: a link that is instead crucial to formulate effective policies. This study investigates the impact of density, centrality, contiguity and degree of imperviousness by regressing land take data from 100 Italian NUTS3 administrative units for the period 2006–2012 against measures of the above-mentioned aspects as of 2006. Results indicate that higher shares of people in the 2000–2500 people km−2 density class, greater proximity of the population to urban centres, more contiguous urbanization patterns all help contain land take over time, whereas no significant effect was found for imperviousness. Increasing distance from protected areas reduces the positive effect of having more people live at densities of 2000–3000 people km−2, while steeper slopes enhance such effect. Planning interventions aimed at raising the share of people living at densities of 2000–2500 people km−2 as well as improving the degree of centrality or contiguity of urbanization patterns can lead to a decline in land take (measured as area of new land take per unit area of current land take) over a 6-year time span comprised between around 6 and 35% depending on location. Further research is needed to confirm the validity of our results and explore the feasibility of such interventions.
Antibody glycosylation in COVID-19
Authors: Pongracz Tamas , Vidarsson Gestur , Wuhrer Manfred 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntibody glycosylation has received considerable attention in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and recently also in vaccination. Antibody glycosylation and in particular immunoglobulin G1 fucosylation levels influence effector functions and are therefore key parameters for assessing the efficacy and safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directed immune responses. This review article summarizes and interprets recent research into antibody glycosylation in COVID-19. Experimental approaches for analyzing the glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2-directed antibody responses are evaluated. The pronounced dynamics, effector functions, clinical utility, and regulation of antibody glycosylation in COVID-19 are assessed. Future research on the role of antibody glycosylation in COVID may cover the glycosylation of other antibody classes beyond immunoglobulin G, the regulation of antibody glycosylation, and the role of non-canonical antibody receptors in determining effector functions.
Graphical abstract
Temporal and spatial differences of the under-ice microbiome are linked to light transparency and chlorophyll-a
Authors: Obertegger Ulrike 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnder-ice community dynamics are barely understood. Temporal and spatial studies are needed to fully understand the consequences of a declining ice cover on microbial biodiversity. Here, bacterial communities of different years (2015, 2017–2021) and layers (upper and lower euphotic layer, euphotic layer, hypolimnion) were assessed by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Alpha- and beta-diversity of summer and under-ice hypolimnetic communities were similar, and a seasonal difference was found only when excluding summer hypolimnetic communities. Similarly, in non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), summer and under-ice communities were different even though hypolimnetic communities were similar. Investigating under-ice conditions, the year 2017 showed highest under-ice light and chlorophyll-a while 2021 showed no under-ice light and lowest chlorophyll-a. Under-ice communities were not linked to layer differences implying that a spatial distinction under ice was less important than in summer, especially in years with little or no under-ice light. Most under-ice bacterial classes and ASVs showed direct and indirect dependencies on light availability and primary production. Similarly in NMDS with only under-ice communities, light transparency and primary production were important. In the future, ice conditions with less snow cover might lead to bacterial communities similar to that of high-light years (2017, 2018, 2020).
The role of hydrogen diffusion, trapping and desorption in dual phase steels
Authors: Drexler Andreas , Helic Besim , Silvayeh Zahra , Mraczek Klemens , Sommitsch Christof , Domitner Josef 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHydrogen embrittlement (HE) of advanced high-strength steels is a crucial problem in the automotive industry, which may cause time-delayed failure of car body components. Practical approaches for evaluating the HE risk are often partially and contradictive in nature, because of hydrogen desorption during testing and inhomogenous hydrogen distributions in, e.g., notched samples. Therefore, the present work aims to provide fully parametrized and validated bulk diffusion models for three dual phase steels to simulate long-range chemical diffusion, trapping and hydrogen desorption from the surface. With one constant set of parameters, the models are able to predict the temperature dependency of measured Choo-Lee plots as well as the concentration dependency of measured effective diffusion coefficients. Finally, the parametrized and validated bulk diffusion models are applied for studying the role of the current density on the permeation time and the role of coatings as effective diffusion barriers.
Graphical abstract
Preoperative heart rate variability as a predictor of perioperative outcomes: a systematic review without meta-analysis
Authors: Frandsen Mikkel Nicklas , Mehlsen Jesper , Foss Nicolai Bang , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of mortality and morbidity after non-lethal cardiac ischemia, but the relation between preoperatively measured HRV and intra- and postoperative complications is sparsely studied and most recently reviewed in 2007. We, therefore, reviewed the literature regarding HRV as a predictor for intra- and postoperative complications and outcomes. We carried out a systematic review without meta-analysis. A PICO model was set up, and we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. The screening was done by one author, but all authors performed detailed review of the included studies. We present data from studies on intraoperative and postoperative complications, which were too heterogeneous to warrant formal meta-analysis, and we provide a pragmatic review of HRV indices to facilitate understanding our findings. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021230641). We screened 2337 records for eligibility. 131 records went on to full-text assessment, 63 were included. In frequency analysis of HRV, low frequency to high frequency ratio could be a predictor for intraoperative hypotension in spinal anesthesia and lower total power could possibly predict intraoperative hypotension under general anesthesia. Detrended fluctuation analysis of HRV is a promising candidate for predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation. This updated review of the relation between preoperative HRV and surgical outcome suggests a clinically relevant role of HRV but calls for high quality studies due to methodological heterogeneity in the current literature. Areas for future research are suggested.
Fundamental Connection Between Temperature-Quenched 2D Superfluids and 2D Quantum Turbulence
Authors: Williams Gary A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is a fundamental connection between temperature-quenched 2D superfluids and 2D quantum turbulence: the mechanism responsible for the decay of the vorticity after the quench is the enstrophy cascade of 2D turbulence. The range of the cascade is shown to increase with time after the quench as $$t^{1/2}$$

t

1
/
2

, being equal to the dynamic scaling length characterizing the quench. These results may apply to other phase-ordering transitions involving the decay of topological objects.
Perspectives of Major World Religions regarding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Grove Graham , Lovell Melanie , Best Megan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEuthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EPAS) are important contemporary societal issues and religious faiths offer valuable insights into any discussion on this topic. This paper explores perspectives on EPAS of the four major world religions, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism, through analysis of their primary texts. A literature search of the American Theological Library Association database revealed 41 relevant secondary texts from which pertinent primary texts were extracted and exegeted. These texts demonstrate an opposition to EPAS based on themes common to all four religions: an external locus of morality and the personal hope for a better future after death that transcends current suffering. Given that these religions play a significant role in the lives of billions of adherents worldwide, it is important that lawmakers consider these views along with conscientious objection in jurisdictions where legal EPAS occurs. This will not only allow healthcare professionals and institutions opposed to EPAS to avoid engagement, but also provide options for members of the public who prefer an EPAS-free treatment environment.
The impact of the COVID-19 recession on Mexican households: evidence from employment and time use for men, women, and children
Authors: Hoehn-Velasco Lauren , Silverio-Murillo Adan , Balmori de la Miyar Jose Roberto , Penglase Jacob 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines changes in labor supply, income, and time allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Using an event-study design, we show that the COVID-19 recession had severe negative consequences for Mexican households. In the first month of the pandemic, employment declined by 17 percentage points. Men recovered their employment faster than women, where men’s employment approaches original levels by 2021Q2. Women, on the other hand, experienced persistent employment losses. Within-household, men also increased their time spent on household chores while neither gender (persistently) increased their time caring for others. Instead, children reduced their time spent on schoolwork by 25%.
Justice Sensitivity in Intergroup Contexts: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Baumert Anna , Adra Aya , Li Mengyao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndividuals differ systematically in how much they are concerned with matters of justice or injustice. So far, in various domains of life, such as romantic relationships, work, and school contexts, dispositional justice sensitivity has been found to be a powerful predictor of individual-level processing and interpersonal behaviors. Yet, matters of justice and injustice often materialize at the group level, especially when conflicts about status, rights, and resources occur between groups. Here, we propose a theoretical framework to understand how different facets of justice sensitivity (i.e., victim, beneficiary/perpetrator, and observer sensitivities) are relevant for group-level processes in intergroup contexts. Integrating research on justice sensitivity and intergroup conflict, we develop several propositions regarding how and under which conditions justice sensitivity influences intergroup experiences, attitudes, and behaviors. We selectively review the existing empirical evidence that can speak to the validity of these propositions, and outline future research that can test our propositions.
The Mystery of God and the Claim of Reason: Comparative Patterns in Hindu-Christian Theodicy
Authors: Barua Ankur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a comparative study of karma theodicy and atonement theodicy, as developed by some Hindu and Christian theologians, this article argues that they present teleological visions where individuals become purged, purified, and perfected in and through their worldly suffering. A karma theodicy operates with the notion that there is some form of proportionality between past evil and present suffering, even if such correlations can only be traced by an enlightened sage or are known to the omniscient God. Christian mystics too seek not so much to explain suffering as to identify suffering with the agony of Christ on the cross, and they envision such suffering as part of a unitive journey where their love of Christ is purified. In these ways, both styles of theodicy use rational resources towards the goal of explanation, while reminding their adherents that the faltering intelligibility that they seek is to be seen as an integral component of their active participation in a sense of theological mystery that enfolds, and yet transcends, their finite existences.
EROS 2.0 study: evaluation of two interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) schedules for endometrial cancer: a comparison of late vaginal toxicity rates
Authors: Lancellotta Valentina , Macchia Gabriella , Dinapoli Nicola , Autorino Rosa , Campitelli Maura , Nardangeli Alessia , Salvati Alessandra , Fionda Bruno , Casà Calogero , Cornacchione Patrizia , Rovirosa Angeles , Kovács György , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Ferrandina Maria Gabriella , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Tagliaferri Luca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare the late toxicity rates after two different high dose rate (HDR) adjuvant intravaginal interventional radiotherapy (IRT-brachytherapy) dose schedules in stage I-II endometrial cancer.

Methods
Stage I-II patients with endometrial cancer treated with surgery (with or without lymphadenectomy) and adjuvant HDR-IRT between 2014 and 2020 were included in this analysis. Patients were treated with two schedules. In the first cohort (C1), 21 Gy were delivered in three weekly fractions (7 Gy) prescribed 0.5 cm from the applicator surface. In the second cohort (C2), 24 Gy were delivered in four weekly fractions (6 Gy). The clinical target volume was the upper third of the vagina for C1 and the upper 3 cm for C2. HDR-IRT technique and point prescription (5 mm depth from the applicator surface) were the same for all patients. Vaginal toxicity was scored according to the CTCAE 5.0 scale in terms of the presence versus absence of any toxicity grade. The correlation among toxicity and clinical covariates (age, lymphadenectomy, fractionation, stage) was tested by Pearson correlation test (univariate) and by logistic regression (multivariable).

Results
114 stage I and three stage II patients, median age 62 (range: 32–85) years, were included in this analysis. The mean follow-up was 56.3 months in C1 (40–76) and 20 months in C2 (8–42). Vaginal late toxicity was recorded in 40 and 15 patients in C1 and 2, respectively. Age, lymphadenectomy, and fractionation were significantly correlated with toxicity at univariate analysis (p value = 0.029, 0.006, and 0.002, respectively), while stepwise logistic regression confirmed only age and fractionation as significantly correlated parameters (p value = 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). Three-year local relapse-free, distant metastasis-free and cause-specific survival rates were 96.6%, 94.8%, and 99.1%, respectively.

Conclusions
This analysis showed lower vaginal late toxicity rate in C2 compared to C1.
Genetic variation and superior provenances selection for wood properties of Larix olgensis at four trials
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Shikai , Chen Shuopeng , Xia Dean , Yang Chuanping , Zhao Xiyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarix olgensis, one of the most important timber species in northeastern China, is used for paper making and construction. In this study, 10 wood properties (wood density, fiber length, fiber width, fiber length- to width ratio, hemicellulose content, cellulose content, holocellulose content, lignin content, ash content, and carbon content) of 10 provenances of L. olgensis planted at sites of CuoHai (CH), JiaGeDaQi (JGDQ), LiangShui (LS), and Mao’erShan (MES) were analyzed. The results of ANOVA showed that almost traits differed significantly among locations and provenances, with a significant interaction effect. Each trait also differed significant among provenances within sites. The phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) and provenance heritability (H2) for wood properties ranged from 1.122 to 27.365%, from 0.564% to 21.113% and from 0.332 to 0.996, respectively. A correlation analysis showed that wood density was significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at sites CH, JGDQ, and LS, but were significantly positively correlated at site MES. Wood density was significantly negatively correlated with lignin content at CH and JGDQ, but not at LS and MES. Fiber width (FW) was negatively correlated with the ratio of fiber length (FL) to width across sites, and FW and FL/W were all positively correlated with FL. Lignin content was significantly positively correlated with hemicellulose content at site JGDQ and significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and with holocellulose content at site MES. Interestingly, carbon content was positively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at CH, but negatively correlated with these two traits at site MES. In a correlation analysis of wood properties with geographic, soil and climatic characteristics at the four sites, wood properties were mainly correlated with latitude and altitude of the site and affected by the average annual precipitation and temperature simultaneously. To select superior pulpwood provenances and high carbon storage provenances, we selected the two best provenances with excellent wood properties for each location based on a multi-trait comprehensive evaluation, which can be used as the preferred materials for the establishment of large-scale plantations in specific locations.
Sensor-integrated structures in mechanical engineering: challenges and opportunities for mechanical joining processes
Authors: Al-Baradoni Nassr , Groche Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the trend to extend the functionality of passive metallic structures in mechanical engineering through sensor integration has emerged. This trend is driven by the growing demand for monitoring and/or control approaches. Current state of the art sensory structures and machine elements are successfully produced by integrating sensors into metallic structures using various joining techniques. However, the widespread implementation of sensory structures and machine elements has a long way to go to be achieved. For this purpose, the sensory structures must be produced not only as standardized components, but also cost-effectively with flexible configuration of the sensory characteristics and the integration of associated electronics. This paper provides an overview of the latest joining technologies for sensory structures. A discussion of the features of each joining technique will be given. In view of the importance of force/torque measurement in load-bearing structures and machine elements, an overview will be provided on the advantages and challenges of joining processes that substitute electromechanical transducers with optical non-contact measurement techniques.
Pornography Use, Gender, and Sexual Objectification: A Multinational study
Authors: Willis Malachi , Bridges Ana J. , Sun Chyng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPornography promotes sexual objectification by depicting people as bodies that are used primarily for sexual gratification. Across various methodologies, previous research has found positive associations between pornography use and sexually objectifying attitudes. However, there remains a need for multinational data collections to assess potential cross-cultural differences. In the present study, we collected data from heterosexual participants in four countries: Germany (n = 640), Korea (n = 799), Taiwan (n = 488), and the United States (n = 888). Using multigroup structural equation modeling, we found that gender and pornography use were significantly associated with sexually objectifying behaviors in each country evaluated. Specifically, people who more frequently watch pornography were more likely to endorse engaging in types of sexual objectification. Because these four countries were relatively homogenous regarding gender inequality, future studies should collect data from more diverse countries to investigate potential moderating effects of related cultural variables on the association between pornography use and sexual objectification.
Fluorine-Doped Hard Carbon as the Advanced Performance Anode Material of Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kong Lingchen , Li Yu , Feng Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractF-doping hard carbon (F–HC) was synthesized through a mild fluorination at temperature at relative low temperature as the potential anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The F-doping treatment to HC expands interlayer distance and creates some defects in the graphitic framework, which has the ability to improve Na+ storage capability through the intercalation and pore-filling process a simultaneously. In addition, the electrically conductive semi-ionic C–F bond in F–HC that can be adjusted by the fluorination temperature facilitates electron transport throughout the electrode. Therefore, F–HC exhibits higher specific capability and better cycling stability than pristine HC. Particularly, F–HC fluorinated at 100 °C (F–HC100) delivers the reversible capability of 343 mAh/g at 50 mAh/g, with the Coulombic efficiency of 78.13%, and the capacity retention remains as 95.81% after 100 cycles. Moreover, the specific capacity of F–HC100 returns to 340 mAh/g after the rate capability test demonstrates its stability even at high current density. The enhanced specific capacity of F–HC, especially at low-voltage region, has the great potential as the anode of SIBs with high energy density.