bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological quality assessment of fish origin food along the production chain in upper Blue Nile watershed, Ethiopia
Authors: Mitiku Birhan Agmas , Mitiku Marshet Adugna , Ayalew Gizachew Gelaw , Alemu Halo Yohans , Geremew Umer Masrie , Wubayehu Mekidm Tamer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPathogenic microorganisms can grow accidentally on fish origin human food and can be a cause of human food‐borne illness. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence and microbial load pattern of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella spp. along the fish origin food value chain. A total of 396 fish samples were collected by a systematic random sampling technique of cooked and raw in the three species of fish. Fish muscles were tested using selective media, followed by conventional biochemical tests. The bacterial load was assessed using a standard plate count method. Whereas the fungal load were measured by cultured in a Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) medium. The overall prevalence was Escherichia coli 84 (21.21%), Salmonella 27 (6.82%), Staphylococcus aureus 19 (4.80%), and Shigella spp. 17 (4.29%). The average mean total coliform count was observed 1.2 × 102 cfu/g and 5.10 × 104 cfu/g in cooked and raw fish samples, respectively. Whereas total viable count mean of 8.05 × 104 cfu/g and 11.5 × 104 cfu/g in cooked and raw fish, respectively. The Fungal load counts under the range 5.6 × 101 cfu/g to 1.09 × 103cfu/g were observed. The study has revealed that fish food in the study area has the possibility of microbial public health risk. Hence, it could be wise to improve the knowledge of key actors from harvesting to consumption to enhance the meals protection practices and high‐quality standards of fish foods.
Research trends analysis of chronic hepatitis C versus nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A literature review text‐mining analysis of publications
Authors: Klang Eyal , Soffer Shelly , Alper Lee , Shimon Orit , Barash Yiftach , Davidov Yana , Likhter Mariya , Cohen‐Ezra Oranit , Ben Yakov Gil , Ben‐Ari Ziv 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatits C virus (HCV) rates have lowered due to direct‐acting antiviral treatment. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising with no available therapy. We employed text‐mining to analyze trends in HCV and NAFLD research from the past two decades.Materials and MethodsWe queried PubMed for all HCV and NASH/NAFLD entries published between 2000 and 2020. We compared the total number of publications on both etiologies. We performed subanalyses for different terms of interest and for geographic origin.ResultsOverall, 75,934 HCV‐related entries and 24,987 NASH/NAFLD‐related entries were published during the study period. Up to 2015, there was a linear upward slope in the number of annual HCV publications (154.9 publications/year, p < 0.001). In 2015, the yearly number of HCV publications started showing a downward slope (−242.2 publications/year, p < 0.001). The number of NASH/NAFLD publications showed a continuous upward slope during the study period. The NASH/NAFLD field lacks publications on screening and treatment methods.ConclusionTrends in publications varied between both etiologies. They reflect the success of antiviral treatment for HCV. The growing rates of NAFLD/NASH and the lack of a targeted cure explain the rise in related publications.
Suicidal attempts and self‐poisoning: 1‐year retrospective cohort study from the quaternary hospital in Thai metropolitan area
Authors: Thumtecho Suthimon , Sriworasuwat Pannavach , Wainipitapong Sorawit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn Thailand, suicide is the leading cause of death among middle‐aged adults. We believe suicide characteristics depend on different cultural/socioeconomic status. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and associated factors of suicidal attempts by self‐poisoning in Bangkok, the metropolitan city of Thailand.MethodsRecords of all patients visiting the emergency department of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, with self‐poisoning suicidal attempts throughout 2021 were collected and analyzed.ResultsSelf‐poisoning accounted for 110 attempts (by 74 patients). Females aged 11–30 were the most prevalent group. Pharmaceutical agents were commonly used. Most patients (86.4%) had underlying psychiatric illness(es), mostly major depressive disorder. Female, history of psychiatric illness and follow‐ups, personality comorbid, and previous attempts reached statistical significance by univariate regression for factors associated with reattempting suicide, but only personality comorbid was significant from multivariable study (p = 0.02). Reattempting mostly recurred within 8 days after the prior attempt.ConclusionMajority of self‐poisoned patients in Bangkok were young adults taking medications, which differs from the overall Thai population where most instances involve patients of older patients (30–50 years) and ingestion of agricultural substances. Appropriate strategies are needed for specific psychosocial/socioeconomic contexts and within the critical period after previous nonfatal attempts.
Diet‐induced obesity results in impaired oral tolerance induction
Authors: Streich Katharina , Klein Margarethe , Siebert Anja , Bleich André , Buettner Manuela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionObesity increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity also affects the immune system. When dietary lipids are transported via the lymphatics, they pass the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs). In these secondary lymphoid organs, immune responses towards pathogens are generated, or tolerance against harmless antigens is induced.MethodsIn this study, the effects of diet‐induced obesity (DIO) on mLN induced oral tolerance induction were examined in C57BL/6NCrl mice. Therefore, mice were fed a high‐fat or a low‐fat diet for 14 weeks. After 10 weeks of feeding oral tolerance induction started, ending up in measuring the delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction, the cell subset composition and cytokine expression.ResultsWe detected an impaired oral tolerance induction during DIO, but changes were reversible after switching the feed to standard chow. Thus, the altered immunological function of mLNs depends on the intake of dietary lipids. Additionally, our results show an influence of the microenvironment on the development of oral tolerance during DIO as oral tolerance was induced in transplanted peripheral lymph nodes.ConclusionThis indicates a functional influence of dietary lipids on stromal cells involved in immune system induction in the mLNs.
Influence of pH in the synthesis of calcium phosphate based nanostructures with enhanced bioactivity and pro‐angiogenic properties
Authors: Thomas Shalini , Rajendran Ajay Rakkesh , Subramanian Balakumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn synthetic fabrication, the process parameters decide the growth nucleation, phase translation, and the evolution of morphological facets of nanostructured materials. This work demonstrates the formation of different crystallographic phases of calcium phosphate by the influence of pH from acidic to alkaline conditions and also investigated their bone regeneration, protein adsorption, and pro‐angiogenic properties. Present results illustrate that the alteration of pH is the crucial factor for the synthesis of calcium phosphate (CP) phases. The structural analysis reveals the monetite (CaHPO4) phase with a triclinic crystal system for pH 5, dual‐phase of monetite combined with hydroxyapatite at the neutral pH 7, and pure phase of hydroxyapatite (Ca10[PO4]6OH2) with hexagonal structure at pH 10. Microscopic analysis portrays the cubic and rod‐like morphologies by changing the pH values. FTIR and RAMAN spectroscopic analyses confirm the stretching, bending, and vibrational modes of dominant phosphate groups of different CP phases. Further, the biocompatibility of the prepared CP phases was examined by hemolysis assay, which showed less than 2% of lysis and enhanced cell viability. Moreover, the bioactivity study revealed rapid mineralization and a higher protein adsorption rate for the monetite CP phase (M‐CP). Subsequently, the chick embryo angiogenesis assay elucidated 33% higher neovascularization for M‐CP compared with the other two CP phases. The fabricated M‐CP nanostructure constitutes a promising candidate for biomedical applications.
The effect of accounting conservatism on measures of financial constraints
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Lee Brandon Byunghwan , Meng Bo , Paik Daniel Gyung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between accounting conservatism and measures of financial status. We find that, in general, a higher level of accounting conservatism is associated with a lower level of financial constraints – thereby making external funds less costly. The results also show that for a firm with a higher bid‐ask spread or a higher likelihood of bankruptcy, this negative relationship between conservative financial reporting and financial constraints is intensified. In other words, a higher level of accounting conservatism is likely to make external funds less costly especially for those firms with a higher level of bid‐ask spread or a higher level of bankruptcy risk.
Utilizing an organizational development framework as a road map for creating a technology‐driven agile curriculum in predoctoral dental education
Authors: Tadinada Aditya , Gul Gulsun , Godwin Lauren , Al Sakka Yacoub , Crain Geralyn , Stanford Clark M. , Johnson Jeffrey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe landscape of dental education is undergoing a paradigm shift from both the learner's and teacher's perspectives. Evolving technologies, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, are providing synergistic opportunities to create new and exciting educational platforms. The evolution of these platforms will likely play a significant role in dental education. This is especially true in the wake of calamities like the COVID‐19 pandemic during which educational activities had to be shutdown or moved online. This experience demonstrated that it is prudent to develop curricula that are both agile and efficient via creating hybrid courses that provide effective learning experiences regardless of the mode of delivery. Although there is growing interest in incorporating technology into dental education, there are few examples of how to actually manage the implementation of technology into the curriculum. In this paper, we provide a road map for incorporating technology into the dental curriculum to create agility and discuss challenges and possible solutions.
Studies on the sensory sensilla on the tarsi and external genitalia of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse)
Authors: Yamany Abeer S. , Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDengue fever is a worldwide health problem transmitted mainly by Aedes albopictus. The ability of female mosquitoes to transmit disease depends on their behavioral responses to locate their host. The presence of different types of sensory sensilla with different morphological characteristics is the most distinctive feature of Ae. albopictus, in addition to the main sensory organs. The sensory sensilla are chemosensory contacts that Ae. albopictus uses to locate long‐distance hosts and oviposition sites by receiving well‐defined cues such as changes in temperature and humidity, mechanical impact, and odors. As a result, it is crucial to study the sensory sensilla of Ae. albopictus. Although the sensory sensilla of Ae. aegypti have been extensively studied, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the sensory sensilla of the Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus. This study aimed to investigate the different types of sensory sensilla on the tarsi and external genitalia of both sexes of Ae. albopictus and their morphological features using a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrated that the tarsi have five types of sensory sensilla: sensilla chaetica, grooved pegs, sensilla campaniform, sensilla basiconica, and sensilla coeloconica. There are two thick, grooved sensilla on the tarsal joints. Sensilla coeloconica on the tarsus are hidden under scales in a raised pit and have a diameter of 13.69 ± 0.071 μm, which is significantly larger than those on the external genitalia of males, which have a diameter of 7.65 ± 0.065 μm. Sensilla coeloconica is absent from the external genitalia of females. Two types of senillae chaetica are found on the tarsomeres, near the claws, and on the joints, which differ significantly in morphology and morphometric parameters. The ovulation‐supporting cerci are provided with three pairs of long sensilla chaetica at the apex, measuring 111.36 ± 0.020 μm in length. Two groups of four apical sensilla and short spiny subapical sensilla are randomly distributed on the ovipositor. The female external genitalia have two types of sensilla chaetica, which are arranged in rows and are significantly smaller than those of the male external genitalia.Research Highlights
Aedes albopictus showed various sensory structures distributed on the tarsi and genitalia of both sexes.
Adequate information is available in this study to understand chemoreception and odor detection by different kinds of sensilla that help to evaluate the ability of female mosquitoes to transmit diseases.
Validation of Tokyo guidelines 2018 for safety and mortality benefit from urgent ERCP in acute cholangitis across different age groups
Authors: Farooq Umer , Gondal Amlish B. , Franco Diana , Tarar Zahid Ijaz , Mahmood Sultan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 2018 Tokyo Guidelines (TG18) recommend urgent endoscopic biliary drainage based on acute cholangitis (AC) severity. Therefore, we evaluated the safety and mortality benefits of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in different age groups.MethodsUsing International Classification of Diseases‐10 (ICD‐10) codes, we sampled adult AC patients from National Inpatient Sample. TG18 definition of cholangitis severity was used to identify patients with severe and nonsevere (mild or moderate) AC. Age categories were 18–64, 65–79, and 80 and above. Multivariate linear or logistic regression was used as appropriate. We used Stata, version 14.2, to perform analyses considering two‐sided p < .05 as statistically significant.ResultsAmong 137 100 patients, there were 93 365 (68.09%) patients with nonsevere cholangitis and 43 735 (31.91%) patients with severe cholangitis. Urgent ERCP (within 24 h) resulted in decreased mortality in all age groups for both severe and nonsevere AC. Post‐sphincterotomy bleeding was more common in patients ≥80 years of age, whereas post‐ERCP acute cholecystitis was more common in patients 65–79 years. The rates of post‐ERCP pancreatitis, bile duct perforation, and duodenal perforation did not differ among the age groups. In addition, there were no differences in the rate of sedation‐related complications between different age groups who underwent urgent ERCP.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the mortality benefit from urgent ERCP for AC in different age groups and describes the safety of performing urgent ERCP in patients of various ages. Therefore, we recommend that urgent ERCP be performed according to the TG18 guidelines regardless of age.
Method validation and clinical application for the quantification of lopinavir, efavirenz, and ritonavir in breast milk using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fraissinet Francois , Oumar Aboubacar A. , Seraissol Patrick , Cere Marie Christine , Lavit Michel , Chatelut Etienne , Gandia Peggy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been validated for quantification of three antiretroviral drugs (efavirenz [EFV], lopinavir [LPV], and ritonavir [RTV]) from human breast milk. The samples were extracted employing protein precipitation method using methanol as precipitating agent. The supernatant was evaporated and reconstituted before injecting into the chromatograph and separated on a biphenyl column. Calibration curves for the three tested antiretroviral drugs were linear (r ≥ 0.999) over the range examined. The inter‐ and intra‐day coefficients of variation (CV) were ≤15% for efavirenz, lopinavir, and ritonavir. Mean recovery ranged from 96% to 105% and no major matrix effects were observed. This validated LC–MS/MS method was efficiently applied to determine EFV, LPV, and RTV concentrations in breast milk from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)‐positive breastfeeding mothers. This assay requires a simple sample processing method with a short run time, making it well suited for high‐throughput routine clinical or research purposes.
Review of antiretroviral therapy coverage in 10 highest burden HIV countries in Africa: 2015–2020
Authors: Babatunde Abdulhammed O. , Akin‐Ajani Oluwawapelumi D. , Abdullateef Ridwanullah O. , Togunwa Taofeeq O. , Isah Haroun O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfrica is responsible for two‐thirds of the global total of new HIV infections. South Africa, Nigeria, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Malawi, and Ethiopia were responsible for 80% of HIV cases in Africa in 2014 according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). This study assesses antiretroviral coverage strategies implemented by these countries after the initiation of the “Fast‐Track strategy to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.” Data reported in this review were obtained from different e‐bibliographic including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Key terms were “Antiretroviral therapy,” “Antiretroviral treatment,” “HIV treatment,” “HIV medication,” “HIV/AIDS therapy,” “HIV/AIDS treatment” + each of the countries listed earlier. We also extracted data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage from the UNAIDS database. About 50 papers published from 2015 to 2021 met the inclusion criteria. All 10 countries have experienced an increase in ART coverage from 2015 to 2020 with an average of 47.6% increment. Nigeria recorded the highest increase in the rate of ART coverage (72% increase) while Ethiopia had the least (30%). New strategies adopted to increase ART coverage and retention in most countries were community‐based models and the use of mobile health technology rather than clinic‐based. These strategies focus on promoting task shifting, door‐to‐door access to HIV services, and a long‐term supply of antiretroviral medications. Most of these strategies are still in the piloting stage. However, some new strategies and frameworks have been adopted nationwide in countries like Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Malawi. Identified challenges include lack of funding, inadequate testing and surveillance services, poor digital penetration, and cultural/religious beliefs. The adoption of community‐based and digital health strategies could have contributed to increased ART coverage and retention. African countries should facilitate nationwide scaling of ART coverage strategies to attain the 95–95–95 goal by 2030.
Outcomes in preterm infants who received a lipid emulsion with fish oil: An observational study
Authors: Kim Esther S. , Lee Lauren J. , Romero Tahmineh , Calkins Kara L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground100% soybean oil emulsions (SO100) are associated with poor docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) status in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. A multi‐oil emulsion with 15% fish oil (FO15) contains more DHA and ARA than SO100. This study compares clinical outcomes, namely growth and fatty acids, in ELBW infants who received S0100 or FO15.MethodsThis observational study included ELBW infants born between 2014 and 2019 who received SO100 or FO15 for >7 days. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to measure erythrocyte fatty acids.ResultsThe mean ± SD gestational age was 27 ± 3 and 26 ± 2 weeks for SO100 (n = 43) and FO15 (n = 43), respectively (P = 0.2). DHA (−0.3 ± 0.10% per week,P = 0.026, for FO15 vs −0.2 ± 0.05% per week,P < 0.001, for SO100) and ARA (−0.8 ± 0.21% per week for FO15 vs −0.9 ± 0.17% per week for SO100;P < 0.001 for both) declined in both groups with no difference between groups (Pinteraction > 0.7 for both). After controlling for days to reach full feeds, the mean difference in weightzscore trajectories was similar (Est = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.82 to 0.04;P = 0.2), and SO100 was associated with a nonsignificant increased odds for cholestasis (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.96–10.2;P = 0.059). There was no difference in other clinical comorbidities.ConclusionsIn comparison with ELBW infants who received SO100, infants who received FO15 still demonstrated a decline in DHA and ARA. Growth and other clinical outcomes were unchanged.
Microwave‐ultrasonic technique development coupled with natural deep eutectic solvents in anthocyanin extraction from perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens var. Acuta)
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Huang Jianghui , Cai Jinwang , Yu Chen , Jiang Shengchou , Ye Qing , Yang Shuifen , Pan Weichun , Zhang Qiaozhi , Wang Yanbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs potent antioxidants, anthocyanins can protect the body from free radicals. However, the traditional solvent extraction method has the disadvantages of requiring a high extraction temperature and long extraction time, so it is necessary to develop an efficient extraction method for anthocyanins.ResultsIn this study, the technique of natural deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was applied to extract anthocyanins from purple perilla leaves with the aid of microwave‐ultrasonic assisted extraction (MUAE). The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD), predicted the maximum extraction yield of anthocyanins to be 619.62 mg (100 g)−1 under the following conditions: x1 (ultrasonic extraction power) = 357.25 W, x2 (time) = 25.62 min, and x3 (temperature) = 57.80 °C. The biological activity of the extract obtained was evaluated by examining its radical‐scavenging effect on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radicals. Its bacteriostatic impact was investigated on four typical bacteria: Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens), Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).ConclusionThe integrated extraction method of DESs with MUAE was efficient, energy‐saving, green, and sustainable. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.