bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Intention to Use to Active Use of a Mobile Application in Norwegian ETO Manufacturing
Authors: Kamsvåg Pål Furu , Thun Sylvi , Klemets Joakim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe introduction of digital technologies is starting to change the prevailing work practices at Aker Solutions’ yard at Stord in Vestland county. However, in order to derive business value and attain real transformative effects of digitalization, the challenges related to implementation must be identified and addressed. In this chapter, we examine the ongoing implementation of the mobile application WeBuild, at Aker Solutions’ yard at Stord. The overall goal with the application is to support more efficient work processes, reduce costs, increase organizational flexibility, and thereby ease the coming transition to “green” market segments. We use data from an extensive survey with answers from more than 500 respondents working at the yard at Stord to identify both organizational and infrastructural challenges with regard to this specific implementation. Analyses indicate that training and user involvement, functionality and usability, and technical infrastructure are important determinants which influence the active use of the WeBuild application. In more detail, our findings show that functionality adapted to the needs of the respondents’ respective disciplines was the strongest predictor of active use and that poor Internet access in certain parts of the yard makes it challenging to use WeBuild and other digital solutions. Further, we discuss how Aker Solution could overcome some of these challenges and attain business value from WeBuild and other digital solutions and initiatives. WeBuild is one of the many digital initiatives in Aker Solutions. By investigating the implications of this specific implementation along several dimensions, this study sheds light on the many difficulties Norwegian companies are facing when they try to reap the benefits of digital transformation. While Aker Solutions get insights with regard to the contextual challenges at this specific yard, one can extract important learning points that are useful in other contexts as well. Norwegian manufacturers must learn from each other to succeed with digital transformation.
Improving Digitization of Urban Mobility Services with Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Bokolo Anthony , Petersen Sobah Abbas , Helfert Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCities are actively deploying modern digital technologies to foster digitalization due to the emergence of data-driven innovations. Through modern digital technologies, municipalities aim to enhance services performance. Despite prior studies that focused on digital transformation in smart cities, there have been few studies aimed at managing service transformation and complexities needed to support cities in getting smarter. Also, as the deployment of information technology (IT) continues to grow within urban environment, there has been little research conducted that develops data-driven approach for digital services within urban environment. Additionally, cities are exploring methods of providing seamless mobility services based on collaboration among several enterprises and stakeholders in urban environment while achieving seamless data-driven services. Therefore, this study explores the adoption of Enterprise Architecture (EA) for digital transformations to achieve seamless urban mobility services. Qualitative data was collected using case study by interview from an organization that employs distributed ledger technology (DLT) to deploy digital services in smart cities. Findings from the interview sessions were modelled in ArchiMate language to illustrate the application of digital payment solution via DLT toward digitization of urban mobility services. The findings reveal that EA supports digital transformation of cities and manages data integration and alignment. Besides, findings from this study propose an EA approach to support urban planners and developers in understanding the actions required to implement digital transformation of their city services in becoming smarter.
Operating Room of the Future (FOR) Digital Healthcare Transformation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Trocin Cristina , Skogås Jan Gunnar , Langø Thomas , Kiss Gabriel Hanssen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNew technologies are emerging under the umbrella of digital transformation in healthcare such as artificial intelligence (AI) and medical analytics to provide insights beyond the abilities of human experts. Because AI is increasingly used to support doctors in decision-making, pattern recognition, and risk assessment, it will most likely transform healthcare services and the way doctors deliver those services. However, little is known about what triggers such transformation and how the European Union (EU) and Norway launch new initiatives to foster the development of such technologies. We present the case of Operating Room of the Future (FOR), a research infrastructure and an integrated university clinic which investigates most modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) to support the analysis of medical images. Practitioners can benefit from strategies related to AI development in multiple health fields to best combine medical expertise with AI-enabled computational rationality.
Auf dem Weg in die „Rentner-Demokratie“?
Authors: Schmidt Manfred G. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungWelche politischen Folgen hat die Alterung der Bevölkerung? Vergrößert sie die „latente Macht“ der Senioren? Beschreiten Staaten mit alternder Bevölkerung den Weg in eine neue Gerontokratie, eine Herrschaft von Senioren, durch Senioren und für Senioren? Entsteht daraus eine „Rentner-Demokratie“, so die Mahnung des Bundespräsidenten Herzog im Jahre 2008?
Grenzgänge im hohen Alter – Verletzlichkeit, Sorge, Reife
Authors: Kruse Andreas 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDas hohe Alter soll nachfolgend im Sinne von Grenzgängen gedeutet werden, was zum einen bedeutet, die zwischen psychologischen Bereichen liegenden Grenzen immer wieder zu überschreiten und in diesem Überschreiten ein hohes Maß an psychologischer Komplexität zu verwirklichen. Zum anderen soll mit den Grenzgängen angedeutet werden, dass es alten Menschen gelingen kann, in der Auseinandersetzung mit Grenzen – und das Erleben zunehmender Verletzlichkeit lässt die Grenzen der eigenen Existenz immer deutlicher in das Zentrum des Bewusstseins treten – zu neuen Erlebens-, Verhaltens- und Lebensqualitäten zu gelangen.
A Novel Class of Pathogens Linked to Specific Human Cancers: Do these Agents also Contribute to Aging?
Authors: zur Hausen Harald , de Villiers Ethel-Michele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn previous reports, reasons for the nutritional uptake of infectious agents and their link to some common human cancers (e.g. colon, breast and prostate cancers) have been summarized. Original epidemiological observations have been considered as a first hint suggesting a role of Eurasian dairy cattle in the transmission of those postulated agents. This resulted into the search for candidate agents in serum and milk of dairy cattle.
Die Gesellschaft des langen Lebens
Authors: Hermann Christopher 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2050 werden rund 10 Mio. Menschen in Deutschland 80 Jahre und älter sein, und bis 2060 pendelt sich die Anzahl der Über-80-Jährigen auf rund 9 Mio. Menschen ein. In Baden-Württemberg gab es in demografischer Hinsicht bereits im Jahr 2000 eine Zäsur, denn erstmals lebten seit Bestehen des Landes etwas mehr 60-Jährige und Ältere als unter 20-Jährige im Südwesten – und die Schere ist seither weiter aufgegangen. Die Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung für Baden-Württemberg zeigt, dass 2060 voraussichtlich doppelt so viele Ältere wie Jüngere in Baden-Württemberg leben.
Alt werden und am Alter kranken – Lust und Last des Alterns von der Antike bis in die Neuzeit
Authors: Eckart Wolfgang 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfasungDas Bild des Alterns in der modernen Gesellschaft ist heute nicht mehr ganz so einheitlich geprägt, wie es sich uns vielleicht noch vor wenigen Jahrzehnten präsentiert hat. Dem Jugend- undAnti-AgingKult einesForever youngsteht heute der Ruf nach Verbesserung der sozialen Existenz im Alter, nach Ermöglichung gewünscht langer Mobilität und Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft, nach guter Pflege und schmerzfreiem Sterben in Würde gegegüber. So scheint es zumindest.
Altern und Altersvorsorge in einer frühen Hochkultur
Authors: Maul Stefan M. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungAlthough the average life expectancy was drastically lower than today because of the enormously high child mortality rate, there were old people in need of care in the ancient Near East. The following shows the means by which provision for old age was ensured, especially when there was a lack of children willing to care.
From Correspondence Education to Online Distance Education
Authors: Moore Michael Grahame 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter is about the history of open, distance, and digital education, with the primary focus on its evolving in the USA and Great Britain. A selection of key developments, trends, and players of more than 150 years includes reference to the nineteenth century correspondence schools, the American Land Grant universities, the pedagogical revolution in Charles Wedemeyer’s Articulated Instructional Media project, and its influence on the teaching model developed in the UK’s Open University. Brief coverage is included of the history of educational radio and television, the early computer networks, and the virtual classrooms. Knowledge of past achievements and failures is essential when planning for the future, and so the chapter aims to encourage research into personalization of learning in the correspondence tradition, most importantly research into institutional change and the reform of national systems.
Automated Essay Scoring Systems
Authors: Ifenthaler Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEssays are scholarly compositions with a specific focus on a phenomenon in question. They provide learners the opportunity to demonstrate in-depth understanding of a subject matter; however, evaluating, grading, and providing feedback on written essays are time consuming and labor intensive. Advances in automated assessment systems may facilitate the feasibility, objectivity, reliability, and validity of the evaluation of written prose as well as providing instant feedback during learning processes. Measurements of written text include observable components such as content, style, organization, and mechanics. As a result, automated essay scoring systems generate a single score or detailed evaluation of predefined assessment features. This chapter describes the evolution and features of automated scoring systems, discusses their limitations, and concludes with future directions for research and practice.
Coset space actions for nonrelativistic strings
Authors: Fontanella Andrea , van Tongeren Stijn J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We formulate the stringy nonrelativistic limits of the flat space and AdS5×S5 string as coset models, based on the string Bargmann and extended string Newton-Hooke algebras respectively. Our construction mimics the typical relativistic one, but differs in several interesting ways. Using our coset formulation we give a Lax representation of the equations of motion of both models.
OPE coefficients in Argyres-Douglas theories
Authors: Bissi A. , Fucito F. , Manenti A. , Morales J. F. , Savelli R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The calculation of physical quantities in certain quantum field theories such as those of the Argyres-Douglas type is notoriously hard, due to the lack of a Lagrangian description. Here we tackle this problem following two alternative approaches. On the one hand, we use localization on the four-sphere to compute two-correlators and OPE coefficients in Argyres-Douglas superconformal theories. On the other hand, we use the conformal bootstrap machinery to put stringent bounds on such coefficients, only relying on the knowledge of central charge and conformal dimension of the operators. We compare the results obtained with these two methods and find good agreement for all rank-one cases and for the rank-two Argyres-Douglas theories (A1, A4) and (A1, A5), in the moduli space of pure SU(5) and SU(6) super Yang-Mills. We also apply our results from localization to obtain bounds on the dimensions of the lightest neutral unprotected operators of the CFTs.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) size determines colony heat transfer when brood covering or distributed
Authors: Mitchell Derek Morville 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeat transfer is key to the survival of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) in the wide range of hot (e.g. sub-Saharan) and cool climates (e.g. maritime-temperate) in which they have evolved and adapted. Here, a validated computational fluid dynamics, conjugate heat transfer model was used to determine the heat transfer of honey bee colonies in simulated standard wooden hives, complete with combs and brood, for a broad range of honey bee sizes, from slender lowland African A.m. scutellata, to broader (larger diameter) Northern European A.m. mellifera, across the whole range of brood covering honey bee densities, as well as when evenly distributed throughout the hive. It shows that under cooling stress, brood covering, broad subspecies need less than a third of the number of bees per unit of brood area for thermal insulation compared to slender subspecies. Also, when distributed evenly around the nest, broad subspecies lose less brood heat than when brood covering. These simulations demonstrate that honey bee girth has climate-based evolutionary advantages directly for the colony as well as via the survival of the individual. In addition, it shows that non-clustering behavioural patterns of passive honey bees can make significant, subspecies distinctive changes to nest heat loss and therefore honey production and climate change survival.
Impact of mobile phones and wireless devices use on children and adolescents’ mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Girela-Serrano Braulio M. , Spiers Alexander D. V. , Ruotong Liu , Gangadia Shivani , Toledano Mireille B. , Di Simplicio Martina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrowing use of mobiles phones (MP) and other wireless devices (WD) has raised concerns about their possible effects on children and adolescents’ wellbeing. Understanding whether these technologies affect children and adolescents’ mental health in positive or detrimental ways has become more urgent following further increase in use since the COVID-19 outbreak. To review the empirical evidence on associations between use of MP/WD and mental health in children and adolescents. A systematic review of literature was carried out on Medline, Embase and PsycINFO for studies published prior to July 15th 2019, PROSPERO ID: CRD42019146750. 25 observational studies published between January 1st 2011 and 2019 were reviewed (ten were cohort studies, 15 were cross-sectional). Overall estimated participant mean age and proportion female were 14.6 years and 47%, respectively. Substantial between-study heterogeneity in design and measurement of MP/WD usage and mental health outcomes limited our ability to infer general conclusions. Observed effects differed depending on time and type of MP/WD usage. We found suggestive but limited evidence that greater use of MP/WD may be associated with poorer mental health in children and adolescents. Risk of bias was rated as ‘high’ for 16 studies, ‘moderate’ for five studies and ‘low’ for four studies. More high-quality longitudinal studies and mechanistic research are needed to clarify the role of sleep and of type of MP/WD use (e.g. social media) on mental health trajectories in children and adolescents.
Interfacial interaction–driven rheological properties of quartz nanofluids from molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Lou Zhaoyang , Cheng Chen , Cui Yingqi , Tian Hao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Correlations of the shear viscosity of quartz nanofluids with particle concentration, particle size, and temperature were investigated with molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A new understanding to the experimentally concluded correlations was addressed in terms of microscopic particle–water interfacial interaction in three aspects. First, the viscosity of quartz nanofluids at different particle concentrations, particle sizes, and temperatures were simulated using the equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations method to reproduce the experimental observations. At the same particle size, the nanofluid viscosity decreases significantly with temperature and increases with nanoparticle volume concentration, and at the same volume concentration, the nanofluid viscosity increases with the decrease of particle size. Second, DFT calculations confirm a stronger particle–water interaction than that among water molecules. The important role of particle–water interaction in the viscosity determination of nanofluids was revealed. Finally, a correlation was proposed to fit the simulated results and compared with earlier two-parameter correlations. One parameter in the correlation is indeed a constant, while the other is a function of SiO2–water interaction energy. Our study proposes a physical basis for the experimentally concluded correlations on the viscosity of nanofluids.
Significance of river infiltration to the Port-au-Prince metropolitan region: a case study of two alluvial aquifers in Haiti
Authors: Adamson James K. , Miner Wm. Javan , Rochat Pierre-Yves , Moliere Emmanuel , Piasecki Michael , LaVanchy G. Thomas , Perez-Monforte Sergio , Rodriquez-Vera María 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMountain block recharge (MBR) mechanisms are an important component of the water budget for many alluvial aquifers worldwide. The MBR dynamics are complex, difficult to constrain, and quantification is highly uncertain. These challenges are magnified in data-scarce study areas, including the Cul-de-Sac and Leogane plains, two of Haiti’s largest alluvial aquifers, which are flanked by the Massif de la Selle mountain block. The associated groundwater supplies the regional metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince (RMPP) and it is facing increasing pressure, requiring improved understanding of the aquifer system to guide management and protection. This report introduces the aquifers and investigates the significance of river infiltration from flows originating from the mountain block. The approach to derive important insight on recharge included analysis of broad datasets on piezometry, isotopes, hydrochemistry, and streamflow. The findings indicate that river infiltration is a major source of recharge to the alluvial aquifers. Grise and Blanche river infiltration may account for >80% of recharge to the Cul-de-Sac aquifer, exhibiting temporal variation correlated to climate events such as cycles of the El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillations. Momance and Rouyone river infiltration may account for >50% of recharge to the Leogane aquifer. The results direct attention to the Massif de la Selle carbonate aquifer system, where bulk recharge is estimated to be four times greater than both alluvial aquifers. The Massif not only supplies the RMPP with ~65% of its water supply from karst springs, but its streamflow also recharges the alluvial aquifers that supply the balance of RMPP supply.
Threshold concepts in health professions education research: a scoping review
Authors: Liljedahl Matilda , Palmgren Per J. , McGrath Cormac 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThreshold concepts (TCs) are increasingly used in health professions education (HPE) research. TCs are claimed to be conceptual gateways which are often traversed with substantial difficulty. In this paper, we report on a scoping review investigating the following research question: What is the scope and nature of the currently available research on threshold concepts in health professions education literature? We employed Arksey and O’Malley’s model for scoping reviews. A search for literature on TCs in HPE research between 2003 and 2020 yielded 999 records of which 59 were included in the review. The data set was subject to quantitative descriptive analysis of article characteristics as well as qualitative thematic analysis of the scope of research on TCs. Among the 59 articles selected for review, there were 30 empirical, 26 conceptual and three reviews. A majority were published in 2015 or later. Almost half of the included articles attempted to identify possible TCs within HPE. Others investigated how TCs can be traversed or suggested how TCs could influence curriculum design. Some critically appraised the framework of TC. Although TCs are increasingly utilised in HPE, the present review identified how researchers came across methodological challenges related to identifying possible TCs and definitional challenges around identifying the essential characteristics of TCs. Before embracing TCs as the next go-to theory for learning in HPE, we acknowledge the need for methodological stringeny and rigour as well as more data to support TCs. Until then, any implementation of TCs in HPE curricula should be done cautiously.
Automation, unemployment, and insurance
Authors: Parr Tom 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow should policymakers respond to the risk of technological unemployment that automation brings? First, I develop a procedure for answering this question that consults, rather than usurps, individuals’ own attitudes and ambitions towards that risk. I call this the insurance argument. A distinctive virtue of this view is that it dispenses with the need to appeal to a class of controversial reasons about the value of employment, and so is consistent with the demands of liberal political morality. Second, I appeal to the insurance argument to show that governments ought not simply to provide those who are displaced by machines with unemployment benefits. Instead, it must offer re-training programmes, as well as enact more general macroeconomic policies that create new opportunities for employment. My contribution is important not only because it helps us to resolve a series of urgent policy disputes—disputes that have been discussed extensively by labour market economists and policymakers, but less so by political philosophers—but also because my analysis sheds light on more general philosophical controversies relating to risk.
Machine learning-based rock characterisation models for rotary-percussive drilling
Authors: Afebu Kenneth Omokhagbo , Liu Yang , Papatheou Evangelos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVibro-impact drilling has shown huge potential of delivering better rate of penetration, improved tools lifespan and better borehole stability. However, being resonantly instigated, the technique requires a continuous and quantitative characterisation of drill-bit encountered rock materials in order to maintain optimal drilling performance. The present paper introduces a non-conventional method for downhole rock characterisation using measurable impact dynamics and machine learning algorithms. An impacting system that mimics bit-rock impact actions is employed in this present study, and various multistable responses of the system have been simulated and investigated. Features from measurable drill-bit acceleration signals were integrated with operated system parameters and machine learning methods to develop intelligent models capable of quantitatively characterising downhole rock strength. Multilayer perceptron, support vector regression and Gaussian process regression networks have been explored. Based on the performance analysis, the multilayer perceptron networks showed the highest potential for the real-time quantitative rock characterisation using considered acceleration features.