bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of community interventions on childhood obesity in populations living in low‐income households in Los Angeles: A simulation study
Authors: Nianogo Roch A. , Mueller Megan P. , Keeler Bryce , Kreuger Kurt , Nhan Lilly A. , Nobari Tabashir Z. , Crespi Catherine M. , Osgood Nathaniel , Kuo Tony , Prelip Michael , Wang May C. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe complex multifactorial nature of childhood obesity makes community interventions difficult to evaluate using traditional approaches; innovative methods are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of various interventions targeting childhood obesity‐related behaviours, and classified as using a micro‐level (e.g., home visitation programs) or macro‐level (e.g., business practices) strategy, on obesity among children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).MethodsWe simulated a population of 1500 children enrolled in WIC, with specific diet, physical activity, breastfeeding behaviours and body mass index z‐scores (BMIz), following them from age 2 to 5 years.ResultsCombined interventions targeting breastfeeding appeared to be moderately effective, reducing BMIz by 0.03 (95% CI −005, −0.01). Two strategy‐specific interventions, home visitation programs and business practices targeting obesity‐related behaviours, appeared to be moderately effective at reducing BMIz by 0.04 (95% CI −0.06, −0.02) and 0.02 (95% CI −0.04, 0.00), respectively. Contrary to expectation, combining all micro and macro interventions appeared to have no impact or moderately increased the proportion of obesity/overweight among children.ConclusionInterventions targeting breastfeeding behaviour were most effective when both micro and macro strategies were implemented. Interventions targeting obesity‐related behaviours in general were effective for two strategies, home visitation and business practices.
Perspectives of nurses regarding total rewards and their preferences in Thailand: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Abhicharttibutra Kulwadee , Wichaikhum Orn‐Anong , Nantsupawat Apiradee , Kunaviktikul Wipada , Turale Sue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this time of global nursing shortages, investment in nursing is vital, and hospitals need to apply a range of strategies to attract and retain nurses. Rewards are an effective strategy for the retention of nurses and help improve the performance and productivity of hospitals. In rural and remote communities, however, nurses may not have access to the rewards that urban‐based nurses have.AimTo explore the preferred rewards of registered nurses in rural and remote community hospitals in Thailand.MethodsAn explanatory mixed‐methods design was employed for the overall study, and the results from the qualitative descriptive phase are reported here using the COREQ checklist. We collected data during in‐depth interviews with 24 informants from 8 community hospitals. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.FindingsFour major themes regarding reward types were preferred by the nurses: reasonable pay, good benefits, accessible learning and development, and a favorable work environment.ConclusionA package of total rewards that best suit nurses working in rural and remote areas needs to be implemented, for a combination of different types of rewards has a greater impact than a single reward at both individual and organizational levels.Implication for nursing and health policyIt is crucial to identify those rewards to attract and retain nurses. In Thailand, nursing and health workforce policies need to be based on nurse preferences regarding salary, benefits, and recognition commensurate with other healthcare professionals, including civil servant status, as well as improving the work environment.
Hold Me: Togetherness as an Aesthetic Experience
Authors: Mosavarzadeh Marzieh , Ding Peisen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThrough a conversational form, we weave together our experiences of making curious and conscious encounters with a work of art in a gallery, while grounding our nonlinear understandings of our shared aesthetic experience on the works of Maxine Greene, Peter de Bolla and Arnold Berleant. Holding, as our conceptual framework, seeds a kind of sensibility in us towards holding space to be dynamically in relation to each other and the work of art. The embodied and textual ways of conversing in this paper become a form of invitation to critically and creatively engage with the diverse meanings of aesthetic experience; an invitation to pause with and contemplate about how our embodied togetherness in the gallery led us to unexplored potentialities for seeking alternative ways of encountering the work aesthetically and internalising the aesthetic sensibilities and qualities that we experienced together in the gallery.
Osteocytic cells exposed to titanium particles increase sclerostin expression and inhibit osteoblastic cell differentiation mostly via direct cell‐to‐cell contact
Authors: Chai Hao , Zhang Zai Hang , Fang Jing Yi , She Chang , Geng De Chun , Xu Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mechanism underlying induction of periprosthetic osteolysis by wear particles remains unclear. In this study, cultured MLO‐Y4 osteocytic cells were exposed to different concentrations of titanium (Ti) particles. The results showed that Ti particles increased expression of the osteocytic marker SOST/sclerostin in a dose‐dependent manner, accelerated apoptosis of MLO‐Y4 cells, increased the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α and connexin 43. SOST silence alleviated the increase of MLO‐Y4 cells apoptosis, decreased the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α and connexin 43 caused by Ti particles. The different co‐culture systems of MLO‐Y4 cells with MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells were further used to observe the effects of osteocytic cells' changes induced by Ti particles on osteoblastic cells. MLO‐Y4 cells treated with Ti particles inhibited dramatically differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells mostly through direct cell‐to‐cell contact. SOST silence attenuated the inhibition effects of Ti‐induced MLO‐Y4 on MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic differentiation, which ALP level and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells increased and the expression of ALP, OCN and Runx2 increased compared to the Ti‐treated group. Taken together, Ti particles had negative effects on MLO‐Y4 cells and the impact of Ti particles on osteocytic cells was extensive, which may further inhibit osteoblastic differentiation mostly through intercellular contact directly. SOST/sclerostin plays an important role in the process of mutual cell interaction. These findings may help to understand the effect of osteocytes in wear particle‐induced osteolysis.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of QuantiFERON‐TB Gold Plus and T‐SPOT.TB in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in febrile patients
Authors: Zhang Lifan , Yang Zhengrong , Bao Xinmiao , Ma Huimin , Ge Qiping , Zhang Yueqiu , Cao Qifei , Gao Mengqiu , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the accuracy of QuantiFERON‐TB Gold Plus (QFT‐Plus) and T‐SPOT.TB for diagnosing active tuberculosis (ATB) in febrile patients, to explore influencing factors of positive results and to verify the potential value of QFT‐Plus in the identification of ATB and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).MethodsA total of 240 febrile patients with ATB (n = 80) and non‐ATB (n = 160) were recruited to assess the accuracy of QFT‐Plus and T‐SPOT.TB for diagnosing ATB. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of positive results.ResultsThe proportion of indeterminate results (ITRS) in QFT‐Plus and T‐SPOT.TB were 3.3% and 0%, respectively. The consistency between the results of the QFT‐Plus and T‐SPOT.TB was substantial. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the QFT‐Plus and T‐SPOT.TB for diagnosing ATB was 0.792 and 0.849 (p = 0.070), respectively. The sensitivity of differentiating ATB from non‐ATB was 92.2% in QFT‐Plus versus 95.0% in T‐SPOT.TB. The influencing factors of T‐SPOT.TB positive result were male (odds ratio (OR) = 2.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–4.26, p = 0.006), evidence of previous TB (OR 11.36, 95% CI 4.62–27.94, p < 0.001), while male (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.73–5.84, p < 0.001), evidence of previous TB (OR = 7.58, 95% CI 3.60–15.98, p <0.001), and use of immunosuppressant (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.260.94, p = 0.030) were influencing factors for QFT‐Plus positive result. There was no significant difference in QFT‐Plus in differentiating ATB from LTBI in febrile patients.ConclusionThere was no significant difference between QFT‐Plus and T‐SPOT.TB for diagnosing ATB in febrile patients. QFT‐Plus is prone to ITRS. The influencing factors including males, evidence of the previous TB, and use of immunosuppressant should be considered when interpreting positive results.
Incorporating artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis: A case for an invisible and (un)disruptive approach
Authors: Sibbald Matt , Zwaan Laura , Yilmaz Yusuf , Lal Sarrah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs big data becomes more publicly accessible, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly available and applicable to problems around clinical decision‐making. Yet the adoption of AI technology in healthcare lags well behind other industries. The gap between what technology could do, and what technology is actually being used for is rapidly widening. While many solutions are proposed to address this gap, clinician resistance to the adoption of AI remains high. To aid with change, we propose facilitating clinician decisions through technology by seamlessly weaving what we call ‘invisible AI’ into existing clinician workflows, rather than sequencing new steps into clinical processes. We explore evidence from the change management and human factors literature to conceptualize a new approach to AI implementation in health organizations. We discuss challenges and provide recommendations for organizations to employ this strategy.
High non‐photochemical quenching of VPZ transgenic potato plants limits CO2 assimilation under high light conditions and reduces tuber yield under fluctuating light
Authors: Lehretz Günter G. , Schneider Anja , Leister Dario , Sonnewald Uwe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnder natural conditions, photosynthesis has to be adjusted to fluctuating light intensities. Leaves exposed to high light dissipate excess light energy in form of heat at photosystem II (PSII) by a process called non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ). Upon fast transition from light to shade, plants lose light energy by a relatively slow relaxation from photoprotection. Combined overexpression of violaxanthin de‐epoxidase (VDE), PSII subunit S (PsbS) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) in tobacco accelerates relaxation from photoprotection, and increases photosynthetic productivity. In Arabidopsis, expression of the same three genes (VPZ) resulted in a more rapid photoprotection but growth of the transgenic plants was impaired. Here we report on VPZ expressing potato plants grown under various light regimes. Similar to tobacco and Arabidopsis, induction and relaxation of NPQ was accelerated under all growth conditions tested, but did not cause an overall increased photosynthetic rate or growth of transgenic plants. Tuber yield of VPZ expressing plants was unaltered as compared to control plants under constant light conditions and even decreased under fluctuating light conditions. Under control conditions, levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were found to be elevated, indicating an increased violaxanthin availability in VPZ plants. However, the increased basal ABA levels did not improve drought tolerance of VPZ transgenic potato plants under greenhouse conditions. The failure to benefit from improved photoprotection is most likely caused by a reduced radiation use efficiency under high light conditions resulting from a too strong NPQ induction. Mitigating this negative effect in the future might help to improve photosynthetic performance in VPZ expressing potato plants.
Efficacy and safety of a facial serum containing snail secretion filtrate, Calendula officinalis, and Glycyrrhiza glaba root extract in the treatment of maskne: A randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Puaratanaarunkon Thanaporn , Washrawirul Chanudda , Chuenboonngarm Nunthanach , Noppakun Nopadon , Asawanonda Pravit , Kumtornrut Chanat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionDuring the ongoing COVID‐19 outbreak, face mask use has increased and became a part of our daily lives. While wearing, prolonged contact time and microenvironmental change profoundly lead to an acne flare‐up, defined as “maskne.”AimsWe aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of snail secretion filtrate, Calendula officinalis, and Glycyrrhiza glaba root extract combination serum (SCGS) in treating the maskne.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial study. This study enrolled 66 participants with mild‐to‐moderate maskne. The SCGS and placebo were randomly assigned for participants to use twice daily for 12 weeks. Percentage change of acne lesion count, acne severity by Investigator Global Evaluation Acne (IGEA), sebum levels, corneometry levels, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema score by Visia®, and adverse events were evaluated 4‐weekly at baseline to Week 12. At Week 12, all participants evaluated their satisfaction scores using a 10‐point visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsIn the mask‐covered area, the percent reduction in inflammatory acne lesions from the treatment group was significantly greater than the placebo group at all time points (coefficient of percentage change of inflammatory lesions = −33.89 [95% CI −65.24, −2.53]; p = 0.03). Also, a subgroup analysis with participants using concurrent acne treatments revealed similar results (12 participants, coefficient = −50.30 [95% −88.65, −11.95]; p = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in non‐inflammatory lesions, all skin biophysics, and VAS between groups. Adverse events were mild and occurred in a few cases in both groups.ConclusionsThe SCGS could significantly improve inflammatory acne lesions and had a favorable tolerability profile, suggesting its role as an adjunctive treatment in maskne.
The number of phenology patterns, not species richness, affects the greening season length of freely assembled plant communities
Authors: Rheault Guillaume , Proulx Raphaël , Robin Yoann , Lévesque Esther 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuestionsPlant greening phenology is a key response trait that drives numerous ecosystem functions such as carbon storage and flowering. Plant communities with a diversity of phenology responses could show a longer greening season due to more complete occupation of the temporal window available for growth. However, it is unclear how species composition and richness affect the phenology of local plant communities.LocationThis study was conducted in wetland landscapes of the St. Lawrence River in the province of Québec, Canada (46.07°N; 73.17°W).MethodsWe used close‐range digital imagery to monitor the greening phenology and species richness of 20 herbaceous plant communities from 2013 to 2016. We quantified the number of greening phenology patterns observed each year within each plant community using singular value decomposition of close‐range image time series.ResultsThe number of plant species within plant communities was independent of the number of phenology patterns, or the length of the greening season. However, the number of phenology patterns correlated positively to the greening season length in all four years of monitoring.ConclusionsThe relationship between the number of phenology patterns and the greening season length suggests a complementary use of the temporal window available for growth within plant communities. Species richness was a poor indicator of the diversity of phenology responses in wet meadow communities. The absence of a positive relationship between the number of plant species and the diversity of greening phenology patterns, or the length of the greening season, suggests that other descriptors of plant communities are of importance. Species richness is more often than not a weak predictor of the functioning of local plant communities in the wild.
Streaming platforms under Portuguese copyright law
Authors: Rendas Tito 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article outlines the regulation of streaming platforms under Portuguese copyright law, against the background of EU legislation and case law. Its purpose is not merely to provide a description of how streaming platforms are regulated in Portugal, but also to highlight some of the specificities of the Portuguese approach to combating online copyright infringement. Throughout the article, reference will be made to three types of online platforms, which are broadly included under the general category of “streaming services”: (i) “legal streaming services,” which grant access to catalogs of music or audiovisual works with the authorization of the respective rightholders; (ii) “semi‐legal streaming services,” specifically online content‐sharing services that, at least before the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive, did not require the authorization of rightholders due to their eligibility for the hosting safe harbor; and (iii) “illegal streaming services,” covering not only streaming platforms where content is made available without the permission of rightholders, but also all those platforms whose main purpose is to facilitate copyright infringement, even if they do not resort to streaming technology, including popular torrent aggregators like The Pirate Bay.
Faith? Hope? Charity? Religion explains giving when warm glow and impure altruism do not
Authors: Fraser Clive D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractI explain why many charities, especially religious ones, spend significantly to improve poor community members' living standards. Conventional theoretical philanthropy models with altruism or impure altruism/warm glow cannot explain poverty‐alleviating private transfers in the type and size of communities where this occurs—for example, congregations. However, if preferences reflect religious precepts (you are your brothers' keeper; treat neighbours like yourself), charitable poverty alleviation can be optimal even in large communities. Income and price elasticities for giving prove important. Surprisingly, charitable private transfers are less likely when donors care for recipients' living standard instead of the aggregate amount all recipients get.
Delimiting the cryptic diversity and host preferences of Sycophila parasitoid wasps associated with oak galls using phylogenomic data
Authors: Zhang Yuanmeng M. , Sheikh Sofia I. , Ward Anna K. G. , Forbes Andrew A. , Prior Kirsten M. , Stone Graham N. , Gates Michael W. , Egan Scott P. , Zhang Linyi , Davis Charles , Weinersmith Kelly L. , Melika George , Lucky Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCryptic species diversity is a major challenge regarding the species‐rich community of parasitoids attacking oak gall wasps due to a high degree of sexual dimorphism, morphological plasticity, small size and poorly known biology. As such, we know very little about the number of species present, nor the evolutionary forces responsible for generating this diversity. One hypothesis is that trait diversity in the gall wasps, including the morphology of the galls they induce, has evolved in response to selection imposed by the parasitoid community, with reciprocal selection driving diversification of the parasitoids. Using a rare, continental‐scale data set of Sycophila parasitoid wasps reared from 44 species of cynipid galls from 18 species of oak across the USA, we combined mitochondrial DNA barcodes, ultraconserved elements (UCEs), morphological and natural history data to delimit putative species. Using these results, we generate the first large‐scale assessment of ecological specialization and host association in this species‐rich group, with implications for evolutionary ecology and biocontrol. We find most Sycophila target specific subsets of available cynipid host galls with similar morphologies, and generally attack larger galls. Our results suggest that parasitoid wasps such as Sycophila have adaptations allowing them to exploit particular host trait combinations, while hosts with contrasting traits are resistant to attack. These findings support the tritrophic niche concept for the structuring of plant–herbivore–parasitoid communities.
Experiences of handovers between shifts among nurses in small and medium‐sized hospitals: A focus‐group study
Authors: Kim Eun Man , Kim Jung Hee , Kim Chunmi , Cho Sumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNursing handovers represent an important and complex form of communication in healthcare organizations that involve the exchange of patient‐related information between nurses. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to identify the intershift handover experiences among nurses working in small and medium‐sized hospitals. Focus‐group interviews were conducted with 30 nurses who directly participated in patient care in such hospitals in South Korea. The reporting of the study findings adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Under the main theme of “baton touch in a relay,” 6 categories, 17 subcategories, and 45 codes (concepts) were derived. The six categories were “procedural rituals for shifts,” “nonstandardized handover training,” “inconsistent handover style,” “stress due to handovers,” “coping strategies for handovers,” and “interruptions of handovers.” Nurses in small and medium‐sized hospitals strive to improve the quality of handovers by preparing individual‐level coping strategies under difficult conditions. This indicates that standardized handover education strategies need to be developed for nurses that are suitable for the personnel systems of small and medium‐sized hospitals.
Radical parochialism about reference
Authors: Gamester Will , Williams J. Robert G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe can use radically different reference‐schemes to generate the same truth‐conditions for the sentences of a language. In this paper, we do three things. (1) Distinguish two arguments that deploy this observation to derive different conclusions. The first argues that reference is radically indeterminate: there is no fact of the matter what ordinary terms refer to. This threat is taken seriously and most contemporary metasemantic theories come with resources intended to rebut it. The second argues for radical parochialism about reference: it's a reflection of our parochial interests, rather than the nature of the subject matter, that our theorizing about language appeals to reference rather than another relation that generates the same truth‐conditions. Rebuttals of the first argument cut no ice against the second, because radical parochialism is compatible with reference being determinate. (2) Argue that radical parochialism, like radical indeterminacy, would be shocking if true. (3) Argue that the case for radical parochialism turns on the explanatory purposes of “reference”‐talk: on relatively “thin” conceptions, the argument goes through, and radical parochialism is (shockingly!) true; on richer conceptions, the argument can be blocked. We conclude that non‐revisionists must endorse, and justify, a relatively rich conception of the explanatory purposes of “reference”‐talk.