bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion of Complementary 2D and 3D Mesostructural Datasets Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Dahari Amir , Kench Steve , Squires Isaac , Cooper Samuel J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModelling the impact of a material's mesostructure on device level performance typically requires access to 3D image data containing all the relevant information to define the geometry of the simulation domain. This image data must include sufficient contrast between phases, be of high enough resolution to capture the key details, but also have a large enough 3D field‐of‐view to be representative of the material in general. It is rarely possible to obtain data with all of these properties from a single imaging technique. In this paper, we present a method for combining information from pairs of distinct but complementary imaging techniques in order to accurately reconstruct the desired multi‐phase, high‐resolution, representative, 3D images. Specifically, the deep convolutional generative adversarial networks to implement super‐resolution, style‐transfer and dimensionality expansion. It is believed that this data‐driven approach is superior to previously reported statistical material reconstruction methods, both in terms of its fidelity and ease of use. Furthermore, much of the data required to train this algorithm already exists in the literature, waiting to be combined. As such, our open‐source code could precipitate a step change in the materials sciences by generating the desired high quality image volumes necessary to simulate behaviour at the mesoscale.
Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Mechanically Engineered Ultrathin Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Kim Unsoo , Han Minsung , Jang Jihun , Shin Jooyeon , Park Mincheol , Byeon Junseop , Choi Mansoo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlexible transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) play a critical role when achieving highly flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for potential applications such as wearable, portable, and aerospace power sources. Despite extensive exploration of electrode materials and substrate engineering, there have been few reports on flexible PSCs with both satisfactory performance and flexibility. Here, highly conductive indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) based ultrathin TCEs are developed for highly efficient, and foldable perovskite solar cells and modules. By introducing an additional aluminum oxide (AlOx) layer to the substrate, deformation‐free ITO‐based ultrathin (≈10 µm) TCEs are successfully fabricated. A champion flexible perovskite solar cell and module using ultrathin TCEs achieve efficiencies of 19.16% and 13.26% (aperture areas of 0.078 and 16 cm2), respectively, outperforming reference devices using commercial high‐performing flexible TCEs. The modules maintain 100% and 92% of their initial performance after 10 000 bending cycles with a radius of 1 and 0.5 mm, respectively, which is unprecedented on module scale.
Ancestral reconstruction and correlation of the frequencies of the hemoglobin S allele and the Duffy blood group alleles in human populations
Authors: Ortega Diana Carolina , Cárdenas Heiber , González Ranulfo , Barreto Guillermo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectives: Malaria is an important selective force for human genetic adaptation due to the sustained, lethal impact it has had on populations worldwide. High frequencies of both hemoglobin S and the null allele FYBES of the Duffy blood group have been found in areas where this disease is endemic, attributed to the protective action of the carriers of these variants against malaria infection. The objective of this work was to perform ancestral reconstruction and analyze the correlation of the frequencies of these alleles throughout the phylogeny of 24 human populations.Methods: A tree topology and the allelic frequencies reported in the literature for the 24 populations were used. The ancestral frequencies for the two alleles were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood method and the Brownian model of evolution (CI = 95%), and the correlation analysis was performed using phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). Statistical analyses were performed with the statistical software R version 3.4.1.Results: For both alleles, a correspondence was found in the reconstruction of the ancestral frequencies, and a significant statistical correlation (p = .001) was observed between the S and FYBES alleles.Conclusions: These results provide evidence of an epistatic relationship between the two alleles, which may influence the fitness of the individuals who present with them when they are subjected to a selective force such as malaria.
Genetic adaptations to potato starch digestion in thePeruvian Andes
Authors: Jorgensen Kelsey , Garcia Obed A. , Kiyamu Melisa , Brutsaert Tom D. , Bigham Abigail W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesPotatoes are an important staple crop across the world and particularly in the Andes, where they were cultivated as early as 10,000 years ago. Ancient Andean populations that relied upon this high‐starch food to survive could possess genetic adaptation(s) to digest potato starch more efficiently. Here, we analyzed genomic data to identify whether this putative adaptation is still present in their modern‐day descendants, namely Peruvians of Indigenous American ancestry.Materials and methodsWe applied several tests to detect signatures of natural selection in genes associated with starch‐digestion,AMY1,AMY2,SI, andMGAMin Peruvians. These were compared to two populations who only recently incorporated potatoes into their diets, Han Chinese and West Africans.ResultsOverlapping statistical results identified a regional haplotype inMGAMthat is unique to Peruvians. The age of this haplotype was estimated to be around 9547 years old.DiscussionTheMGAMhaplotype in Peruvians lies within a region of high transcriptional activity associated with the REST protein. The timing of this haplotype suggests that it arose in response to increased potato cultivation and attendant consumption. For Peruvian populations that relied upon the high‐starch potato as a major source of nutrition, natural selection likely favored theseMGAMvariant(s) that led to more efficient digestion and increased glucose production. This research provides further support that detecting subtle shifts in human diet can be a major driver of human evolutionary change, as these results indicate that there is global variation in human ability to better digest high‐starch foods.
Bony birth‐canal dimensions and obstetric constraints in hominoids
Authors: Laudicina Natalie M. , Cartmill Matt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesComparative studies of the birth process in humans and other primates have focused on the pelvic inlet. This is a region of birth‐canal constraint in humans, but not in other primates. Thus, the true obstetric differences between humans and other apes remain unknown. This research seeks to document nonhuman ape birth‐canal morphologies and their relationships to critical dimensions of neonates, in order to determine what aspects of human birth are unique.Materials and MethodsComputer‐generated images of the scanned pelves of six extant hominoid species are used to compare entire birth canals as three‐dimensional entities, documenting and analyzing the functionally relevant metrics of the maternal pelvis and the obstetric constraints for each species.ResultsThe inlet is a poor basis of comparison for evaluating tightness of fit in nonhuman primates, whose birth canal is most constricted at the lower end of the sacrum. Previous studies have overestimated the capaciousness of the nonhuman hominoid birth canal (which appears to be just as tight a fit for the fetal head in hylobatids as it is in Homo sapiens) and also misrepresented it as a simple straight tube. In fact, its cross‐sectional shape changes markedly from inlet to outlet in most hominoids.ConclusionNonhuman hominoids exhibit obstetric constraints unlike those seen in modern humans. Human adaptations to maternal‐fetal craniopelvic disproportion are unique owing to the constraints imposed by bipedality, and probably predate the origins of the genus Homo.
Study of high‐temperature proton exchange membrane through one‐step encapsulation of ionic liquid in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)
Authors: Sun Lijun , Qu Shuguo , Lv Xueyan , Duan Jihai , Wang Weiwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of a high‐performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Since the traditional PEM has the disadvantages of poor cell performance and high cost, a new kind of PEM with good proton conductivity, low cost and simple preparation should be explored. In this paper, several different binary hybrid membranes were successfully prepared through one‐step encapsulation of different ionic liquids (ILs) in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), proton conductivity measurements and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). SEM images showed that ILs were fully doped into SPEEK. FT‐IR and XPS proved that SPEEK and IL formed a new chemical bond combined with intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The TG results showed that the binary hybrid membranes could maintain stability even at 300°C. The water uptake and swelling ratio showed that the water absorption capacity of the binary composite membrane played a vital role in improving proton conductivity. The proton conductivity study showed that ILs doping also helped to improve the proton conductivity of the SPEEK membrane. When the doping amount of IL was maintained at 30 wt.%, it has the highest proton conductivity, 25 mS cm−1 at 120°C. It was proved that anhydrous hybrid membrane tetraphenyl imidazole sulfate/SPEEK ([IM2][H2PO4]/SPEEK) could be used in PEMFC at medium temperature.
A practical approach to identifying autistic adults within the electronic health record
Authors: Malow Beth A. , Veatch Olivia J. , Niu Xinnan , Fitzpatrick Kasey A. , Hucks Donald , Maxwell‐Horn Angie , Davis Lea K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe electronic health record (EHR) provides valuable data for understanding physical and mental health conditions in autism. We developed an approach to identify charts of autistic young adults, retrieved from our institution's de‐identified EHR database. Clinical notes within two cohorts were identified. Cohort 1 charts had at least one International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐CM) autism code. Cohort 2 charts had only autism key terms without ICD‐CM codes, and at least four notes per chart. A natural language processing tool parsed medical charts to identify key terms associated with autism diagnoses and mapped them to Unified Medical Language System Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs). Average scores were calculated for each set of charts based on captured CUIs. Chart review determined whether patients met criteria for autism using a classification rubric. In Cohort 1, of 418 patients, 361 were confirmed to have autism by chart review. Sensitivity was 0.99 and specificity was 0.68 with positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.97. Specificity improved to 0.81 (sensitivity was 0.95; PPV was 0.98) when the number of notes was limited to four or more per chart. In Cohort 2, 48 of 136 patients were confirmed to have autism by chart review. Sensitivity was 0.95, specificity was 0.73, and PPV was 0.70. Our approach, which included using key terms, identified autism charts with high sensitivity, even in the absence of ICD‐CM codes. Relying on ICD‐CM codes alone may result in inclusion of false positive cases and exclusion of true cases with autism.
Beyond the GTP‐cap: Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of microtubule catastrophe
Authors: Farmer Veronica J. , Zanic Marija 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlmost 40 years since the discovery of microtubule dynamic instability, the molecular mechanisms underlying microtubule dynamics remain an area of intense research interest. The “standard model” of microtubule dynamics implicates a “cap” of GTP‐bound tubulin dimers at the growing microtubule end as the main determinant of microtubule stability. Loss of the GTP‐cap leads to microtubule “catastrophe,” a switch‐like transition from microtubule growth to shrinkage. However, recent studies, using biochemical in vitro reconstitution, cryo‐EM, and computational modeling approaches, challenge the simple GTP‐cap model. Instead, a new perspective on the mechanisms of microtubule dynamics is emerging. In this view, highly dynamic transitions between different structural conformations of the growing microtubule end – which may or may not be directly linked to the nucleotide content at the microtubule end – ultimately drive microtubule catastrophe.
Sentence comprehension and production in children with cochlear implants: Errorless procedures and equivalence‐based instruction
Authors: Neves Anderson Jonas das , Almeida‐Verdu Ana Claudia Moreira , Silva Leandra Tabanez do Nascimento , Moret Adriane Lima Mortari , de Souza Deisy das Graças 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch supports equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) and matrix training for increased listening and speaking skills in children with cochlear implants (CI). We incorporated errorless procedures to optimize the EBI and evaluated the effects on the auditory comprehension and verbal responding at‐sentences level in six CI children who were readers and showed inaccurate tacting. Subject‐verb‐object sentences were arranged in two matrices; diagonal combinations were trained and evaluated non‐diagonal combinations. EBI included stimulus fading and exclusion to directly teach the dictated sentence‐picture matching; written‐sentences construction upon dictation also was taught. Probes assessed the derived stimulus‐stimulus and stimulus‐response relations. All participants learned the auditory‐visual discriminations and the exclusion resulted in fewer errors than on a stimulus fading procedure. Five participants formed equivalence classes and increased verbal responding to equivalent stimuli, especially pictures tacting. They also showed recombinative generalization for both matrices. Professionals can incorporate errorless procedures to EBI for improving sentence comprehension, tacting, and productivity in CI children.
Recent advances in ZnO nanostructure as a gas‐sensing element for an acetone sensor: a short review
Authors: Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Kumar Vipin , Trung Le Gia , Choi Gyu Jin , Ryu Jeong Won , Bhardwaj Rajesh , Kumar Pushpendra , Singh Jay , Lee Seung Hee , Gwag Jin Seog 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAir pollution is a severe concern globally as it disturbs the health conditions of living beings and the environment because of the discharge of acetone molecules. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) nanomaterials are crucial for developing efficient sensors because of their outstanding chemical and physical properties, empowering the inclusive developments in gas sensor productivity. This review presents the ZnO nanostructure state of the art and notable growth, and their structural, morphological, electronic, optical, and acetone‐sensing properties. The key parameters, such as response, gas detection limit, sensitivity, reproducibility, response and recovery time, selectivity, and stability of the acetone sensor, have been discussed. Furthermore, gas‐sensing mechanism models based on MOS for acetone sensing are reported and discussed. Finally, future possibilities and challenges for MOS (ZnO)‐based gas sensors for acetone detection have also been explored.
Organic food consumption and contextual factors: An attitude–behavior–context perspective
Authors: Sadiq Mohd , Adil Mohd , Paul Justin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study is grounded within the theoretical framework of attitude–behavior–context. The study examines how perceived health risk shapes both health and environmental attitudes, leading to organic food consumption. Further, we also assess the role of perceived effectiveness and green trust in moderating the proposed relationships. The data were collected from 461 consumers through Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. Our findings indicate that consumers' perception of health risk plays a significant role in developing positive environmental and health attitudes. Consequently, this leads consumers to adopt organic food. Further, this study confirms that there is an attitude–behavior gap, as both environmental and health attitudes seem to have a weak Cohen f2 effect on organic food consumption. Though perceived effectiveness moderates the relationship of organic food consumption with perceived health risk and attitude, green trust does not bridge the attitude–behavior gap. This study may help organic food marketers, policy‐makers, and retailers bridge the consumers' attitude–behavior gap.
Growth in eligibility criteria content and failure to accrue among National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐affiliated clinical trials
Authors: Peterson John S. , Plana Deborah , Bitterman Danielle S. , Johnson Skyler Bryce , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Kann Benjamin Harris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer trial accrual is a national priority, yet up to 20% of trials fail to accrue. Trial eligibility criteria growth may be associated with accrual failure. We sought to quantify eligibility criteria growth within National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐affiliated trials and determine impact on accrual.MethodsUtilizing the Aggregated Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov, we analyzed phase II/III interventional NCI‐affiliated trials initiated between 2008 and 2018. Eligibility criteria growth was assessed via number of unique content words within combined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Association between unique word count and accrual failure was evaluated with multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for known predictors of failure. Medical terms associated with accrual failure were identified via natural language processing and categorized.ResultsOf 1197 trials, 231 (19.3%) failed due to low accrual. Accrual failure rate increased with eligibility criteria growth, from 11.8% in the lowest decile (12–112 words) to 29.4% in the highest decile (445–750 words). Median eligibility criteria increased over time, from 214 (IQR [23, 282]) unique content words in 2008 to 417 (IQR [289, 514]) in 2018 (r2 = 0.73, P < 0.001). Eligibility criteria growth was independently associated with accrual failure (OR: 1.09 per decile, 95% CI [1.03–1.15], p = 0.004). Eighteen exclusion criteria categories were significantly associated with accrual failure, including renal, pulmonary, and diabetic, among others (Bonferroni‐corrected p < 0.001).ConclusionsEligibility criteria content growth is increasing dramatically among NCI‐affiliated trials and is strongly associated with accrual failure. These findings support national initiatives to simplify eligibility criteria and suggest that further efforts are warranted to improve cancer trial accrual.
Controlled register‐based study of road traffic accidents in 12,651 Finnish cancer patients during 2013–2019
Authors: Huuskonen Marja‐Liisa , Koistinen Tero , Sihvola Niina , Parkkari Inkeri , Palovaara Sanna , Kytö Ville , Sipilä Jussi , Jyrkkiö Sirkku , Heervä Eetu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle controlled evidence exists on road traffic accident (RTA) risk among patients diagnosed with cancer, while clinicians are often requested to comment their ability to drive. The aim of this study was to evaluate RTA risk in a population‐based cohort of cancer patients living in Southwest Finland.PatientsAll adult patients diagnosed with cancer in 2013–2019 were included. Acute appendectomy/cholecystectomy and actinic keratosis patients without cancer were selected from the same region as the control cohort. Participants were cross‐referenced to a national driving licence database, yielding 12,651 cancer and 6334 control patients with a valid licence. Due to marked differences in their clinical presentation, the cancer cohort was divided into nine cancers of interest (breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, melanoma, head & neck, primary brain tumours, gynaecological and haematological malignancies). The nationwide law‐regulated motor liability insurance registry was searched for all RTAs leading to injury with claims paid to not‐ or at‐fault participants. At‐fault drivers were verified based on sex and birth year.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 34 months, 167 persons were at‐fault drivers in RTAs leading to injury. Among the nine cancers of interest, RTA risk did not differ from the control cohort. Among cancer patients, multivariable regression suggested male sex and opioid use, but not advanced cancer stage or given systemic therapy, as the most influential risk factors for RTA.ConclusionsCancer diagnosis itself was not associated with increased RTA risk, but other associated symptoms, medications, comorbidities or specific cancer subgroups may.
Effect of cooking on the in vitro and in vivo protein quality of soy, oat and wheat varieties
Authors: Nosworthy Matthew G. , Hernandez‐Alvarez Alan J. , Franczyk Adam J. , Medina Gerardo , Neufeld Jason , Arcand Yves , Ribéreau Sabine , Sánchez‐Velázquez Oscar Abel , House James D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSoy, wheat, and oats are widely consumed crops globally, but variation between cultivars and processing methods can produce products of varying protein quality. This study cooked two different cultivars of wheat, oats, and soy and compared indices of protein quality as well as quantified differences in antinutritional factors.FindingsProtein Efficiency Ratio (PER) was highest in cooked soy cultivars and lowest in wheat samples, with cooking having the most impact on soy PER. Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of soy was greater than oats which was greater than wheat. Antinutritional factors differed significantly between crops and cultivars, with processing having the greatest impact on soy. In vitro measurements of PDCAAS correlated well with in vivo assessment.ConclusionsThermal processing has variable effects on protein quality depending on crop and cultivar selected, primarily due to differences in amino acid composition. In vitro measurement of protein quality can be used as a rapid screening tool.Significance and NoveltyDirect comparison in protein quality between wheat, oat, and soy is rarely reported. Measuring the protein quality of different cultivars and crops pre and postprocessing provides essential data for product development and dietary formulation.
Lab‐Scale Investigation of Slickwater Impact on Methane Desorption on Longmaxi Gas Shale
Authors: Liu Zhonghua , Ding Zhongpei , Yang Huan , Li Xiaogang , Qu Hai , Xie Yingming , Zeng Shunpeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfter multistage hydraulic fracking, a huge amount of slickwater stuck in shale gas formation significantly affects the shale‐gas‐well production performance. A set of comparative experiments to illustrate slickwater and its chemicals' impact on the methane desorption on shale powders were performed. The influence of slickwater and its chemicals on desorption isotherm, desorption efficiency, and adsorbed phase methane content as well as cumulative gas production was analyzed. The findings reflect the synthetic slickwater impact on methane desorption on shale powders, indicating that it can be helpful to optimize slickwater formulation and design shale‐gas‐well bottom flow pressure to obtain higher gas production. Also, the observations and analysis give a supplement for improving shale gas recovery through studying the function of chemical additives in slickwater on methane desorption.