bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on group densities of Thomas' langurs (Presbytis thomasi) within a lowland tropical forest, north Sumatra
Authors: Hankinson Emma , Korstjens Amanda H. , Hill Ross A. , Wich Serge A. , Slater Helen D. , Abdullah Abdullah , Supradi Supradi , Marsh Christopher D. , Nijman Vincent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEcosystems around the globe are facing irreversible impacts due to climate change, habitat destruction, hunting, and an ever‐increasing human population. Estimating densities of species across their geographical range helps us to understand natural variation and anthropogenic effects on species densities and to assess the effectiveness of existing conservation measures. Various methods have been used to produce accurate and precise population density estimates, each with associated limitations. Acoustic surveys for species producing loud calls have become common due to their ease of use, low cost, and reduced timescale. Relative to many other mammal taxa, primate species have been studied extensively, producing a wealth of data on socioecology and behavior, but for most species, density estimates over large geographical ranges are still lacking. We used an acoustic spatial capture–recapture model to estimate group density of unhabituated Thomas' langurs (Presbytis thomasi), a primate endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, over a 60 km2 area of lowland dipterocarp forest. We then assessed if vegetation structure and distance from human habitation affected density estimates. Estimates of group density differed almost threefold between survey locations (from 2.79 to 8.08 groups/km2); there was no clear relationship with forest structure, but there was a significantly positive relationship between group density and distance from human habitation, with an increase of 0.38 groups/km2 for every km of distance. Although large‐scale logging within the Sikundur region ceased ~30 years ago, the impacts of logging continue to have detrimental effects on the species within the area.
Does the diffusion of information and communication technologies affect the shadow economy in Africa?
Authors: Adalbert Abraham Ghislain Melingui Bate 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the effect of information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion on the shadow economic activities in Africa for the period from 2000 to 2015. To this end, we use a panel data model on a sample of 48 countries. The results obtained show that the diffusion of ICTs, especially mobile telephony and the Internet, negatively and significantly affect the size of the shadow economy in Africa. The level of education, capital stock, economic growth, and financial development also contribute to reducing the size of the informal economy in Africa. However, our results suggest that informal activities are motivated by the abundance of natural resources and migrant remittances. Robustness checks are done through the system generalized method of moments and a change in the measurement of the shadow economy confirms the validity of the results. We recommend to decision‐makers to implement public policies facilitating the access and the use of new telecommunications tools and services and to improve the institutional framework to encourage private economic agents to invest in formal activities.
Dancing at the end of the world? Psychoanalysis, climate change and joy
Authors: Dodds Joseph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper attempts to join the dots between psychoanalytic and post‐psychoanalytic perspectives in relation to climate change and the ecological crisis and to begin a discussion on the role of joy in sustaining ourselves in the face of the global catastrophe. There is a vital expanding psychoanalytic literature addressing itself to the environmental crisis but a striking absence on joy and what stands in its way. This paper explores what psychoanalysis has to offer in the context of planetary emergency and also asks psychoanalysis to look beyond itself and reimagine what it can be. Joy involves a simultaneous affirmation of both our uniqueness and our togetherness, not only as humans but with all forms of life and the web of life itself. If we were to allow ourselves to actually enjoy our lives, we just might fight harder against our extinction.
A clue to the etiology of disorders of sex development from identity‐by‐descent analysis in dogs with cryptic relatedness
Authors: Szydlowski Maciej 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisorders of sex development (DSDs) are discrepancies between sex chromosomes and phenotypical sex. Quite common forms of DSD in canine populations include testicular and ovotesticular XX DSDs with a normal set of sex chromosomes. The objective of this study was to identify genes and putative harmful variants for canine XX DSDs. I have reanalyzed data from the whole‐genome sequencing of 11 XX DSD French Bulldogs and six XX DSD American Staffordshire Terriers. Identity‐by‐descent analysis revealed cryptic relatedness in affected French Bulldogs. Causative genes were sought in chromosomal segments shared identical‐by‐descent by close relatives. In French Bulldogs, the reanalysis identified 19 regions of importance with a total length of just 65.9 Mb. Variant filtering within the regions implicated AKAP2, PIWIL1, POLR3A and SH2D4B as genes that may be involved in individual cases of testicular and ovotesticular XX DSD in French Bulldogs and American Staffordshire Terriers.
‘I could no longer cope at home’: Experiences of clients and families in residential aged care within the context of Australia's aged care reforms
Authors: Monro Cathy , Mackenzie Lynette , O'Loughlin Kate , Low Lee‐Fay , Du Toit Sanetta Henrietta Johanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesSince 2012, Australia has been undertaking major aged care reforms, moving from a previously service provider‐focussed approach to a more consumer‐oriented policy direction. There is limited research examining consumer perspectives of residential care in the reform environment particularly with respect to both clients and their families. This study explores the lived experiences of clients and families in residential aged care facilities amid the reform implementation process.MethodsUsing a qualitative descriptive research methodology, individual interviews were conducted with clients and family members (n = 10) about their expectations and experiences of residential care. Participants were drawn from two not‐for‐profit aged care providers.ResultsTwo broad themes emerged: (i) entering residential aged care and related issues, with subthemes including reasons for entering, decision‐making processes, choice of provider/facility and impact of entering care facilities; and (ii) expectations and experiences of care delivery, with subthemes including issues of staffing, service provision, communication and awareness of living in or through the reform environment. The discrepancy between the experiences of care delivered and expectations of initial and changing care needs being met was a major concern.ConclusionsThis study presents a snapshot of the expectations and experiences of both the client and the family cohorts in residential care under the reform conditions. Adequately addressing the relational and interpersonal elements of care delivery is critical in fulfilling the reforms' consumer‐oriented objectives.
Schooling in the University Town: The Racial Capitalist Foundations of Education
Authors: Serrano Carlos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on how educational institutions are crucial sites for understanding how racial capitalism and anti‐Black violence are reproduced. Centring Chapel Hill, home of the University of North Carolina (UNC), and its neighbouring town of Carrboro as a university town built by racial capitalist and anti‐Black practices, I analyse how the university functions as a social reproductive force that structures the town and its local public education system. Building on my ethnographic research, Black studies literature, and Black geographic thought, I argue that the university partakes in the political, economic, and ideological restructuring of a community that enables hierarchical differences to be produced in schools in terms of how success is rooted with liberal notions of the individual and proximity to whiteness. Paying attention to these relationships challenges us to think about the need for the total eradication of oppression in all forms to truly have liberated educational spaces.
The virtues of the exemplary moral leader. Lessons from Aristotle's ethics
Authors: Tholen Berry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany contemporary theories on good leadership (e.g., ‘moral leadership’, ‘responsible leadership’, ‘authentic leadership’ or ‘transformational leadership’) emphasize the importance of intrinsic motivation in followers and of leading by example. This also involves a rejection of the use of power and manipulation as well as advocacy for virtues such as modesty and a concern for equality. By focusing on magnanimity (Aristotle's virtue of the great), we show that, contrary to what contemporary theories often claim, there are good reasons for exemplary leaders not to be modest, to point out their greatness in comparison with others, and to make use of external goods and incentives, particularly honor. This conceptual virtue ethical analysis results in specific lessons for the ethical manager who wants to lead by example and points to new questions for empirical research on the determinants of effective ethics management.
An Information Ratio-Based Goodness-of-Fit Test for Copula Models on Censored Data
Authors: Sun Tao , Cheng Yu , Ding Ying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCopula is a popular method for modeling the dependence among marginal distributions in multivariate censored data. As many copula models are available, it is essential to check if the chosen copula model fits the data well for analysis. Existing approaches to testing the fitness of copula models are mainly for complete or right-censored data. No formal goodness-of-fit (GOF) test exists for interval-censored or recurrent events data. We develop a general GOF test for copula-based survival models using the information ratio (IR) to address this research gap. It can be applied to any copula family with a parametric form, such as the frequently used Archimedean, Gaussian, and D-vine families. The test statistic is easy to calculate, and the test procedure is straightforward to implement. We establish the asymptotic properties of the test statistic. The simulation results show that the proposed test controls the type-I error well and achieves adequate power when the dependence strength is moderate to high. Finally, we apply our method to test various copula models in analyzing multiple real datasets. Our method consistently separates different copula models for all these datasets in terms of model fitness.
Can prior knowledge increase task complexity? – Cases in which higher prior knowledge leads to higher intrinsic cognitive load
Authors: Endres Tino , Lovell Oliver , Morkunas David , Rieß Werner , Renkl Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsCognitive load theory assumes that the higher the learner's prior knowledge (i.e., the more expert the learner), the lower the intrinsic cognitive load (complexity) experienced for a given problem. While this is the case in many scenarios, there can be cases in which the converse is also true, resulting in more expert learners reporting higher intrinsic cognitive load than novices for the same problem. This can occur in relation to problems involving complex systems (e.g., ecological systems), for which novices' problem representations may underestimate problem complexity and therefore report lower intrinsic load than experts. This finding is borne out in the current paper.Samples, Methods & ResultsIn Study 1 with 118 participants from the Black Forest area in Germany, participants with higher levels of forestry and ecological expertise evaluated a problem relating to the restructuring of the Black Forest to adapt to climate change as more complex than did novices. In Study 2 (within‐subjects design, n = 66 primary‐school students), we conceptually replicated this finding in a domain more typical of cognitive load theory studies, mathematics. We found that higher prior knowledge also reduced the underestimation of the complexity of ‘tricky’, but frequently used, mathematics word problems.ConclusionOur findings suggest that cognitive load theory's assumptions about intrinsic load and prior knowledge should be refined, as there seems to exist a sub‐set of problem‐solving tasks for which the traditional relationship between prior knowledge and reported ICL is reversed.
Enabling national improvement in quality of care for renal colic
Authors: Finch William , Calvert Robert C. , Fowler Sarah , Hermans Louisa , Dickinson Andrew , Smith Daron 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo report the results of a clinical audit conducted by the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) of ureteric stone care pathways, with results reported with reference to national quality standards.Patients and MethodsThe BAUS conducted a clinical audit of all patients presenting as an emergency to 107 hospitals in England during November 2020 with ureteric stones. All patients were followed up until 31 March 2021 and the inpatient and outpatient management received was recorded.ResultsData for 2192 patients across 117 units were submitted. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of patients per unit was 16 (9–27); 70% of patients were male and the median (IQR) patient age was 46 (34–59) years. Initial management was conservative treatment for 70% of patients. Overall, primary shockwave lithotripsy was performed in 34% of patients and primary ureteroscopy in 23% of cases when surgical intervention was required to treat the stone. However, 40% of patients in whom active intervention was appropriate underwent placement of a temporizing ureteric stent rather than undergo definitive surgical intervention at the outset. Female patients were less likely to have a computed tomography (CT) scan of the kidneys, ureters and bladder performed within 24 h of presentation (13% vs 7.3% for men [chi‐squared P = 0.01]) and to be given correct analgesia (66% vs 73% for men [chi‐squared P = 0.03]). Patients aged 60 years or older were also significantly less likely to be offered nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug analgesia appropriately. In total, 87% of patients had their calcium measured within the last 2 years and 73% of patients had evidence of being offered stone prevention diet and fluid advice.ConclusionsThe audit demonstrates that the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence Quality Standards are both measurable and achievable. However, there was considerable variation in the delivery of these standards, including with regard to sex and age, highlighting inequalities for patient care across the UK.
Horizon scanning for potential invasive non‐native species across the United Kingdom Overseas Territories
Authors: Dawson Wayne , Peyton Jodey M. , Pescott Oliver L. , Adriaens Tim , Cottier‐Cook Elizabeth J. , Frohlich Danielle S. , Key Gillian , Malumphy Chris , Martinou Angeliki F. , Minchin Dan , Moore Niall , Rabitsch Wolfgang , Rorke Stephanie L. , Tricarico Elena , Turvey Katharine M. A. , Winfield Ian J. , Barnes David K. A. , Baum Diane , Bensusan Keith , Burton Frederic J. , Carr Peter , Convey Peter , Copeland Alison I. , Fa Darren A. , Fowler Liza , García‐Berthou Emili , Gonzalez Albert , González‐Moreno Pablo , Gray Alan , Griffiths Richard W. , Guillem Rhian , Guzman Antenor N. , Haakonsson Jane , Hughes Kevin A. , James Ross , Linares Leslie , Maczey Norbert , Mailer Stuart , Manco Bryan Naqqi , Martin Stephanie , Monaco Andrea , Moverley David G. , Rose‐Smyth Christine , Shanklin Jonathan , Stevens Natasha , Stewart Alan J. , Vaux Alexander G. C. , Warr Stephen J. , Werenkaut Victoria , Roy Helen E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInvasive non‐native species (INNS) are recognized as a major threat to island biodiversity, ecosystems, and economies globally. Preventing high‐risk INNS from being introduced is the most cost‐effective way to avoid their adverse impacts. We applied a horizon scanning approach to identify potentially INNS in the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (OTs), ranging from Antarctica to the Caribbean, and from the Pacific to the Atlantic. High‐risk species were identified according to their potential for arrival, establishment, and likely impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function, economies, and human health. Across OTs, 231 taxa were included on high‐risk lists. The highest ranking species were the Asian green mussel (Perna viridis), little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata), brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), and mesquite tree (Prosopis juliflora). Shipping containers were identified as the introduction pathway associated with the most species. The shared high‐risk species and pathways identified provide a guide for other remote islands and archipelagos to focus ongoing biosecurity and surveillance aimed at preventing future incursions.
T1 mapping and reduced field‐of‐view DWI at 3.0 T MRI for differentiation of thyroid papillary carcinoma from nodular goiter
Authors: Yuan Letian , Zhao Peng , Lin Xiangtao , Yu Tianyi , Diao Ruiyuan , Ning Guqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundReduced field‐of‐view diffusion‐weighted imaging (rFOV‐DWI) could be proved to quantitatively identify papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and there is no literature regarding the use of T1 mapping to distinguish nodular goiter (NG) from PTC.PurposeTo compare T1 mapping with rFOV‐DWI in differentiating NG and PTC.Study TypeProspective study.PopulationsNinety‐five hospitalized patients with thyroid nodules were included in the research.SequenceAll subjects underwent T1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, rFOV‐DWI and T1‐mapping sequences.AssessmentThe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T1 values of each thyroid nodule were measured, respectively. According to pathological results, the thyroid nodules were divided into two groups: Group 1 (NG) and Group 2 (PTC).Statistical TestsAn independent sample t test was used to evaluate the differences of ADC and T1 between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of T1, ADC, Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) and T1 and ADC.ResultsThe T1 and ADC values of nodular goiter were both higher than those of PTC (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of T1 and ADC were significantly higher than that of T1 or ADC alone (p < 0.05). The AUC value of T1 and ADC was as same as that of TI‐RADS.ConclusionThe combination of T1 mapping and rFOV‐DWI could effectively differentiate NG from PTC. And it has at least the same diagnostic value as the ultrasound‐based TI‐RADS classification.
Granulomatous secondary syphilis: Another diagnostic pitfall for the dermatopathologist
Authors: Jin Annie , McLarney Brett D. , Hsu Sylvia , Lee Jason B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSyphilis is growing ever more prevalent in the United States with its incidence rising every year. Dermatopathologists need to maintain a high index of suspicion to avoid delayed diagnosis of this treatable disease. Accordingly, it is imperative to be aware of its myriad of presentations—including secondary syphilis with granulomatous inflammation. Most cases show aggregations of epithelioid histiocytes associated with plasma cells. Other patterns include an interstitial granuloma‐annulare‐like pattern, sarcoidal, and tuberculoid pattern. Immunohistochemical stains for Treponema pallidum may be negative, especially in late secondary or tertiary syphilis. We present a case of nodular secondary syphilis with granulomatous inflammation with negative T. pallidum staining.
Two cases of challenging cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates presenting in the context of COVID‐19 vaccination: A reactive lymphomatoid papulosis‐like eruption and a bona fide lymphoma
Authors: Bresler Scott C. , Menge Tyler D. , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Carty Shannon A. , Hristov Alexandra C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 infection and vaccination may be associated with a wide variety of cutaneous and immune manifestations. Here, we describe two patients who presented with monoclonal cutaneous T‐cell infiltrates that showed cytologic and immunophenotypic features concerning for lymphoma shortly following COVID‐19 vaccination. In one case, the eruption completely resolved. The second patient showed initial resolution, but her disease recurred and progressed following a breakthrough SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These cases suggest that immune stimulation following exposure to SARS‐Cov‐2 protein(s) in vaccine or infection may facilitate the development of a lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disorder in susceptible individuals. Moreover, they show that separating these cases from pseudolymphomatous reactive conditions is often challenging and requires close clinical correlation.
Slow development of vocal sequences through ontogeny in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
Authors: Bortolato Tatiana , Mundry Roger , Wittig Roman M. , Girard‐Buttoz Cédric , Crockford Catherine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of the unique, hierarchical, and endless combinatorial capacity in a human language requires neural maturation and learning through childhood. Compared with most non‐human primates, where combinatorial capacity seems limited, chimpanzees present a complex vocal system comprising hundreds of vocal sequences. We investigated how such a complex vocal system develops and the processes involved. We recorded 10,929 vocal utterances of 98 wild chimpanzees aged 0–55 years, from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. We developed customized Generalized non‐Linear Models to estimate the ontogenetic trajectory of four structural components of vocal complexity: utterance length, diversity, probability of panting (requiring phonation across inhalation and exhalation), and probability of producing two adjacent panted units. We found chimpanzees need 10 years to reach adult levels of vocal complexity. In three variables, the steepest increase coincided with the age of first non‐kin social interactions (2–5 years), and plateaued in sub‐adults (8–10 years), as individuals integrate into adult social life. Producing two adjacent panted units may require more neuromuscular coordination of the articulators, as its emergence and steepest increase appear later in development. These results suggest prolonged maturational processes beyond those hitherto thought likely in species that do not learn their vocal repertoire. Our results suggest that multifaceted ontogenetic processes drive increases in vocal structural complexity in chimpanzees, particularly increases in social complexity and neuro‐muscular maturation. As humans live in a complex social world, empirical support for the “social complexity hypothesis” may have relevance for theories of language evolution.Research Highlights
Chimpanzees need around 10 years to develop the vocal structural complexity present in the adult repertoire, way beyond the age of emergence of every single vocal unit.
Multifaceted ontogenetic processes may drive increases in vocal structural complexity in chimpanzees, particularly increases in social complexity and neuro‐muscular maturation.
Non‐linear increases in vocal complexity coincide with social developmental milestones.
Vocal sequences requiring rapid articulatory change emerge later than other vocal sequences, suggesting neuro‐muscular maturational processes continue through the juvenile years.