bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI-derived cardiac washout is slowed in the left ventricle and associated with left ventricular non-compaction in young patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke
Authors: Lehmonen Lauri , Putaala Jukka , Pöyhönen Pauli , Kuusisto Jouni , Pirinen Jani , Sinisalo Juha , Järvinen Vesa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo elucidate underlying disease mechanisms, we compared transition of gadolinium-based contrast agent bolus in cardiac chambers in magnetic resonance imaging between young patents with cryptogenic ischemic stroke and stroke-free controls. We included 30 patients aged 18–50 years with cryptogenic ischemic stroke from the prospective Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young: Revealing the Etiology, Triggers and Outcome (NCT01934725) study and 30 age- and gender-matched stroke-free controls. Dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted first-pass perfusion images were acquired at 1.5 T and analyzed for transit time variables, area under curves, relative blood flow, and maximum and minimum enhancement rates in left atrial appendage, left atrium, and left ventricle. These data were compared with previously published left ventricular non-compaction data of the same study population. Arrival time of contrast agent bolus in superior vena cava was similar in patients and controls (6.7[2.0] vs. 7.1[2.5] cardiac cycles, P = 0.626). Arrival and peak times showed comparable characteristics in patients and controls (P > 0.535). The minimum enhancement rate of the left ventricle was lower in patients than in controls (− 28 ± 11 vs. − 36 ± 13 1/(cardiac cycle), P = 0.012). Area under curves, relative blood flow, and other enhancement rates showed no significant differences between patients and controls (P > 0.107). Relative blood flow of cardiac chambers correlated with non-compacted left ventricular volume ratio (P < 0.011). Our results indicate slower washout of contrast agent and blood flow stagnation in the left ventricle of young patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. The washout was associated with left ventricular non-compaction, suggesting conditions favoring formation of intraventricular thrombosis.
Quality gatekeepers: investigating the effects of code review bots on pull request activities
Authors: Wessel Mairieli , Serebrenik Alexander , Wiese Igor , Steinmacher Igor , Gerosa Marco A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoftware bots have been facilitating several development activities in Open Source Software (OSS) projects, including code review. However, these bots may bring unexpected impacts to group dynamics, as frequently occurs with new technology adoption. Understanding and anticipating such effects is important for planning and management. To analyze these effects, we investigate how several activity indicators change after the adoption of a code review bot. We employed a regression discontinuity design on 1,194 software projects from GitHub. We also interviewed 12 practitioners, including open-source maintainers and contributors. Our results indicate that the adoption of code review bots increases the number of monthly merged pull requests, decreases monthly non-merged pull requests, and decreases communication among developers. From the developers’ perspective, these effects are explained by the transparency and confidence the bot comments introduce, in addition to the changes in the discussion focused on pull requests. Practitioners and maintainers may leverage our results to understand, or even predict, bot effects on their projects.
Practitioners’ best practices to Adopt, Use or Abandon Model-based Testing with Graphical models for Software-intensive Systems
Authors: Alégroth Emil , Karl Kristian , Rosshagen Helena , Helmfridsson Tomas , Olsson Nils 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModel-based testing (MBT) has been extensively researched for software-intensive systems but, despite the academic interest, adoption of the technique in industry has been sparse. This phenomenon has been observed by our industrial partners for MBT with graphical models. They perceive one cause to be a lack of evidence-based MBT guidelines that, in addition to technical guidelines, also take non-technical aspects into account. This hypothesis is supported by a lack of such guidelines in the literature.Objective: The objective of this study is to elicit, and synthesize, MBT experts’ best practices for MBT with graphical models. The results aim to give guidance to practitioners and aspire to give researchers new insights to inspire future research.Method: An interview survey is conducted using deep, semi-structured, interviews with an international sample of 17 MBT experts, in different roles, from software industry. Interview results are synthesised through semantic equivalence analysis and verified by MBT experts from industrial practice.Results: 13 synthesised conclusions are drawn from which 23 best-practice guidelines are derived for the adoption, use and abandonment of the technique. In addition, observations and expert insights are discussed that help explain the lack of wide-spread adoption of MBT with graphical models in industrial practice.Conclusions: Several technical aspects of MBT are covered by the results as well as conclusions that cover process- and organizational factors. These factors relate to the mindset, knowledge, organization, mandate and resources that enable the technique to be used effectively within an organization. The guidelines presented in this work complement existing knowledge and, as a primary objective, provide guidance for industrial practitioners to better succeed with MBT with graphical models.
Harnessing the Potential of Google Searches for Understanding Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence Before and After the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Köksal Selin , Pesando Luca Maria , Rotondi Valentina , Şanlıtürk Ebru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost social phenomena are inherently complex and hard to measure, often due to under-reporting, stigma, social desirability bias, and rapidly changing external circumstances. This is for instance the case of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), a highly-prevalent social phenomenon which has drastically risen in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper explores whether big data—an increasingly common tool to track, nowcast, and forecast social phenomena in close-to-real time—might help track and understand IPV dynamics. We leverage online data from Google Trends to explore whether online searches might help reach “hard-to-reach” populations such as victims of IPV using Italy as a case-study. We ask the following questions: Can digital traces help predict instances of IPV—both potential threat and actual violent cases—in Italy? Is their predictive power weaker or stronger in the aftermath of crises such as COVID-19? Our results suggest that online searches using selected keywords measuring different facets of IPV are a powerful tool to track potential threats of IPV before and during global-level crises such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, with stronger predictive power post outbreaks. Conversely, online searches help predict actual violence only in post-outbreak scenarios. Our findings, validated by a Facebook survey, also highlight the important role that socioeconomic status (SES) plays in shaping online search behavior, thus shedding new light on the role played by third-level digital divides in determining the predictive power of digital traces. More specifically, they suggest that forecasting might be more reliable among high-SES population strata.
Stability of black holes with non-minimally coupled scalar hair to the Einstein tensor
Authors: Chatzifotis Nikos , Vlachos Christoforos , Destounis Kyriakos , Papantonopoulos Eleftherios 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGeneral relativity admits a plethora of exact compact object solutions. The augmentation of Einstein’s action with non-minimal coupling terms leads to modified theories with rich structure, which, in turn, provide non-trivial solutions with intriguing phenomenology. Thus, assessing their viability under generic fluctuations is of utmost importance for gravity theories. We consider static and spherically-symmetric solutions of a Horndeski subclass which includes a massless scalar field non-minimally coupled to the Einstein tensor. Such theory possesses second-order field equations and admits an exact black hole solution with scalar hair. Here, we study the stability of such solution under axial gravitational perturbations and find that it is linearly stable. The qualitative features of the ringdown waveform depend solely on the ratio of the two available parameters of spacetime, namely the black hole mass m and the non-minimal coupling strength $$\ell _\eta $$

ℓ
η

. Finally, we demonstrate the gravitational-wave ringdown transitions between three distinct patterns as the ratio $$m/\ell _\eta $$

m
/

ℓ
η

increases; a state which is dominated by photon-sphere excitations and maintains a typical quasinormal ringdown, an intermediate long-lived state which exhibits gravitational-wave echoes and, finally, a state where the ringdown and echoes are depleted rapidly to turn to an exponential tail.
The Working Mechanisms of Parental Involvement in Interventions for Children with Chronic Illness
Authors: Willemen Agnes M. , Kuzminskaite Erika , Maurice-Stam Heleen , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Last Bob F. , Schuengel Carlo , Scholten Linde 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren with chronic illness (CI) are at risk for internalizing problems, which reduce their quality of life, hamper treatment, and increase family stress. Accordingly, behavioral interventions are provided at the family level. However, the effects of parental involvement on child outcomes are not consistently beneficial. Therefore, it is relevant to study the working mechanisms. In the present study, we tested child coping and parenting stress as underlying mechanisms of the effect of an intervention for children and an additional group intervention for parents. Data were analyzed from a randomized controlled trial. Families of children with chronic illness (N = 120, child M age = 12.11 years, range 7.98–18.07) participated in a cognitive-behavioral-based group intervention and were randomized in the child-only intervention or parent–child intervention. Primary outcomes were parent- and child-reported internalizing problems, whereas the mediators were the use of child active coping skills and parenting stress. The causal model was tested with multilevel mediation analysis. Active coping skills and parenting stress stood out as significant mediators of the effect of the intervention on parent- and child-reported internalizing behavior (Cohen’s d effect size range 0.29–1.57). When parents were involved in the intervention, children increased their use of active coping skills and parents decreased in parenting stress, which in turn improved child internalizing problems. Knowing that coping skills and parenting stress underlie the benefit of involving parents can be used for optimizing interventions for children with CI and addressing the risk of internalizing problems.
Ear recognition with ensemble classifiers; A deep learning approach
Authors: Sharkas Maha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiometrics has emerged as a major domain for security systems. Ear as a biometric has many distinctive features which makes it promising for personal identification systems. In this paper, two tracks for classification of ear images are implemented and tested. The first employs a classical machine learning technique based on extracting features from the discrete curvelet transform and passing the extracted features to a classifier. Image preprocessing is needed for enhancement and segmentation. Ear region is first selected from the background then the curvelet transform via wrapping is applied on the segmented ear images. Different levels are investigated. The coarse image is divided into blocks and the mean, variance and entropy are calculated for each block and concatenated with the same calculated statistical features from the subimages at different levels forming the feature vector. The feature vector is passed to a classifier for ear recognition and the only classifier that provided comparative results was the ensemble classifiers. In the second track, deep learning methods are employed. Different end-to-end networks are used for classifying ear images. Features are then extracted from each network and fed to a shallow classifier for ear classification. Principal component analysis is used for feature reduction. Different classifiers are again investigated and the only classifiers which succeeded to give superior results are the Ensemble classifiers. The achieved classification rate showed improved results compared to the published methods that proves the superiority of the Ensemble classifiers for correctly classifying ear images.
Responses of Rice Seed Quality to Large-Scale Atmospheric Nonthermal Plasmas
Authors: Rongsangchaicharean Thunyapuk , Srisonphan Siwapon , Onwimol Damrongvudhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtmospheric nonthermal plasma (ANTP) is used for various biological applications including seed quality improvements in crop production. However, the underlying mechanisms of plasma-induced seed action are not fully explained and operating large-scale ANTP on seeds is highly challenging. Two large-scale ANTPs, streamer corona plasma (SCP) and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, were used to enhance rice seed vigor through surface modification and functionalization. The SCP and DBD plasma were conducted under the same power source and applied to rice seeds to modify their surface from being highly hydrophobic to being highly hydrophilic, as defined by the apparent contact angle measurement. The results show that SCP requires less treatment time (~ 2 min) for surface activation than the DBD plasma process (~ 10 min). Both plasma-treated seeds showed higher seed vigor than non-treated seeds. For 50% of the viable seeds to emerge, the SCP-treated seeds took on average about 62 h., while the untreated rice seeds took around 72 h. The germination percentage of all conditions is ~ 92% which is a typical proportion of good seed quality. The microstructure of the rice seed surface suggests that the bombardment of highly energetic ions and the reaction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on the seed surface cause morphological changes via surface etching and functionalization without any adverse effects on seed nutrition.
Graphical abstract
Towards a genetic model organism: an efficient method for stable genetic transformation of Eschscholzia californica (Ranunculales)
Authors: Lotz Dominik , Imani Jafargholi , Ehlers Katrin , Becker Annette 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCalifornia poppy (Eschscholzia californica) is a member of the Ranunculales, the sister order to all other eudicots and as such in a phylogenetically highly informative position. Ranunculales are known for their diverse floral morphologies and biosynthesis of many pharmaceutically relevant alkaloids. E. californica it is widely used as model system to study the conservation of flower developmental control genes. However, within the Ranunculales, options for stable genetic manipulations are rare and genetic model systems are thus difficult to establish. Here, we present a method for the efficient and stable genetic transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, somatic embryo induction, and regeneration of E. californica. Further, we provide a rapid method for protoplast isolation and transformation. This allows the study of gene functions in a single-cell and full plant context to enable gene function analysis and modification of alkaloid biosynthesis pathways by e.g., genome editing techniques providing important resources for the genetic model organism E. californica.
Numerical model for static chamber measurement of multi-component landfill gas emissions and its application
Authors: Xie Haijian , Zuo Xinru , Chen Yunmin , Yan Huaxiang , Ni Junjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe quantitative assessment of landfill gas emissions is essential to assess the performance of the landfill cover and gas collection system. The relative error of the measured surface emission of landfill gas may be induced by the static flux chamber technique. This study aims to quantify effects of the size of the chamber, the insertion depth, pressure differential on the relative errors by using an integrated approach of in situ tests, and numerical modeling. A field experiment study of landfill gas emission is conducted by using a static chamber at one landfill site in Xi’an, Northwest China. Additionally, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model for multi-component gas transport in the soil and the static chamber is developed based on the dusty-gas model (DGM). The proposed model is validated by the field data obtained in this study and a set of experimental data in the literature. The results show that DGM model has a better capacity to predict gas transport under a wider range of permeability compared to Blanc’s method. This is due to the fact that DGM model can explain the interaction among gases (e.g., CH4, CO2, O2, and N2) and the Knudsen diffusion process while these mechanisms are not included in Blanc’s model. Increasing the size and the insertion depth of static chambers can reduce the relative error for the flux of CH4and CO2. For example, increasing the height of chambers from 0.55 to 1.1 m can decrease relative errors of CH4and CO2flux by 17% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, we find that gas emission fluxes for the case with positive pressure differential (∆Pin-out) are greater than that of the case without considering pressure fluctuations. The Monte Carlo method was adopted to carry out the statistical analysis for quantifying the range of relative errors. The agreement of the measured field data and predicted results demonstrated that the proposed model has the capacity to quantify the emission of landfill gas from the landfill cover systems.
Acoustic based assessment of cross-sectional concentration inhomogeneity at a suspended sediment monitoring station in a large river
Authors: Pomázi Flóra , Baranya Sándor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEstablishing and operating a harmonized sediment monitoring system along large rivers such as the Danube River is a challenging international task. As an element of such a system, a new monitoring site with state-of-the-art instrumentation is currently under development in the Upper-Hungarian section of the Danube River. The monitoring station will consist of a near-bank optical backscatter sensor and a horizontal acoustic Doppler current profiler (H-ADCP). As previous studies showed, the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) that is continuously measured with near-bank sensors can significantly enhance the temporal resolution of sediment transport monitoring. However, sediment plumes from tributary inflows upstream of the monitoring station can alter the detected near-bank concentrations, eventually biasing the sediment load estimation. Such an influence is likely in the cross-section of the planned monitoring station, therefore, a thorough preliminary analysis of the cross-sectional variation of the SSC was performed, based on expeditionary sediment measurement campaigns. Between 2018 and 2021 24 campaigns were carried out at different hydrological regimes, where physical sediment samplings together with fixed and moving boat ADCP measurements were performed. The cross-sectional variability of SSC and its influence on the sediment load estimations were assessed based on the moving boat ADCP measurements, after calibrating the backscatter signal with more than 500 physical samples. Based on the results, we identified different cross-sectional patterns of the SSC which is apparently governed by: (i) the actual hydrological situation considering both the main river and the tributary, and (ii) the local river morphology. Based on our findings, we suggested a correction method that accounts for the above effects, using which the near-bank SSC can be reliably converted into total suspended sediment load.
Partizipation im Workplace Change – Praxisbericht über die Prozessbegleitung einer Expertenorganisation vor Bezug neuer Büroräume
Authors: Ulbrich Sebastian , Mateescu Magdalena , Schulze Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Zukunft wird die Zunahme mobil-flexibler Arbeit einen größeren Einfluss auf die Veränderungen von Arbeitsumgebungen in Organisationen haben. Das Potenzial für Beteiligung ist hier besonders hoch, da neben der Büroraumgestaltung auch gewohnte Arbeitsweisen vom Wandel betroffen sind. Dabei ist oft unklar, in welchem Umfang und in welcher Form Partizipation praktisch umgesetzt werden kann und welche Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren damit verbunden sind. In diesem Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) berichten wir über unsere Erfahrungen mit Partizipation im Workplace Change vor dem Bezug neuer Büroräume für 550 Mitarbeitende einer Expertenorganisation in der Schweiz. Wir geben einen Überblick über die Umsetzung eines umfassenden Partizipationskonzepts und diskutieren die Wirkung von Beteiligungsmaßnahmen. Die Ergebnisse aus 30 qualitativen Interviews zeigen, dass ein gut geplantes Beteiligungskonzept, das Beteiligungsradius und Beteiligungsgrade berücksichtigt, Kommunikations- und Feedbackprozesse verbessern und die Akzeptanz von Entscheidungen erhöhen kann. Ferner zeigten sich Aspekte der Fairness und angemessene Erwartungen von Mitarbeitenden und Führungskräften als wichtige Erfolgsfaktoren für Beteiligung.
Effect of Aluminum Content on the Dynamic Recrystallization of Fe18MnxAl0.74C Steels During Hot-Forging Treatments
Authors: Rodriguez J. S. , Duran J. F. , Aguilar Y. , Alcazar G. A. Perez , Souza R. M. , Zambrano O. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present work, the dynamic recrystallization and microstructural evolution of the family of advanced high-strength steels Fe18MnxAl0.74C are studied, varying the aluminum content in 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt pct subjected to hot-forging treatments through three consecutive heating-deformation cycles. For characterization, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer absorption spectroscopy (MAS), and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) were used. It was determined that for the steels under study, dynamic recrystallization occurs due to strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM) and is strongly influenced by the aluminum content of the alloy and its stacking failure energy (SFE), increasing that the aluminum content will generate greater nucleation sites, favoring the refinement of grains in the material and achieving a crystalline structure of random crystallographic orientation. The results are discussed throughout the article, allowing us to determine potential processing routes for advanced high-strength steels with predominantly plastic deformation mechanisms such as transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), and microband-induced plasticity (MBIP).