bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity‐Driven Hydrodynamics Conditions the Hydrochemistry of Spring Water in Volcanic Islands
Authors: García‐Gil Alejandro , Poncela Poncela Roberto , Skupien Balon Elzbieta , Morales González‐Moro Ángel , Lario‐Báscones Rafael J. , Marazuela Miguel Ángel , Cruz‐Pérez Noelia , Santamarta Juan C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPerched aquifers represent significant unexploited groundwater reserves in volcanic islands and contain valuable freshwater resources. These water reserves provide critical resources to indigenous populations suffering water scarcity. Groundwater discharged from a perched aquifer into two adjacent (14 m) springs in the volcanic summits constituted by basaltic and pyroclastic deposits of Gran Canaria Island (Spain) was examined. Based on springs discharge data, a three‐dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model of the investigated perched aquifer was calibrated to reproduce its hydraulic regime, as well as to explain the hydrochemical and isotopic composition of its main discharge systems, the studied springs. Groundwater flow simulations effectively replicated flow paths of the two springs affected by the existing geological heterogeneities, with differential travel times of 246 and 130 years, respectively, and with a convergent flow toward them partially explaining the averaged differences in electrical conductivity, δ18O, and tritium observed between the springs. It can be concluded that, although water quality in both springs is similar and homogenous, as they come from the same aquifer system, geological heterogeneities in the upper elevation volcanic areas is likely the cause for the differences in the residence times of the two springs, which suggests that the flow regimes for the two springs are independent. The chemistry of the two springs, however, is essentially the same, with the exception of tritium, which is used to ascertain residence time.
Origin and evolution of the Paleo‐Kuril arc inferred from detrital zircon U–Pb chronology in eastern Hokkaido, NE Asia
Authors: Nanayama Futoshi , Yamasaki Toru , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Nemuro and Saroma Groups and Yusenkyo Formation occur in eastern Hokkaido and are considered to be forearc or intra‐arc basin sediments of the Paleo‐Kuril arc (PKA) deposited during the Late Cretaceous to middle Eocene. To further clarify the origin of the PKA, we examined the U–Pb ages of detrital zircons within these sandstones and acidic tuff beds; based on our results, we drew the following conclusions. (1) The PKA originated from an oceanic island arc on the oceanic Izanagi Plate around 85 Ma, to which the Nikoro Group greenstone complex was accreted between 81–80 Ma; the Lowest Unit of the Saroma Group covered the surface of the Nikoro accretional greenstone complex. (2) The PKA then first collided with NE Asia around the beginning of the deposition of the Hamanaka Formation (~70 Ma) and transitioned to a continental arc adjacent to NE Asia. This collision generated giant slump beds during deposition of the Akkeshi Formation. During deposition of the Kiritappu Formation, the entire Nemuro Peninsula was uplifted, supplying large volumes of clastic sediments. (3) Although we do not have data directly bearing on why the North American Plate was established in the edge of NE Asia, we speculate that it separated from the Eurasian continent around ~70 Ma when NE Asia first collided with the PKA. Subsequently, the PKA has behaved as part of the North American Plate. The Paleo‐Japan arc (or East Sikhote–Alin arc) and the PKA became joined via the Hidaka Belt. Around 40 Ma, during the deposition of coarse conglomerate beds of the Urahoro Group, the PKA was uplifted and bent clockwise due to a second collision with NE Asia. (4) The modern Kuril arc was established around 36 Ma (late Eocene–early Oligocene), and the Kuril backarc basin opened into the present tectonic setting in the late Oligocene–early Miocene.
Middle Devonian ostracods from the Naidaijin Formation, Kurosegawa belt, Kyushu, Japan: Paleoecological and paleogeographical significance
Authors: Tanaka Gengo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study reports five ostracod taxa from the Middle Devonian Naidaijin Formation, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan comprising shelf‐nearshore beyrichiid and bairdiocypridoid species, and two species of Bairdia. This is the first report of ostracod fossils from the Devonian strata in the Kurosegawa belt. Most analyzed fossils are the same species as those found in the Middle Devonian strata of Yunnan and Guangxi provinces in South China, indicating that the Kurosegawa belt of Kyushu shared biogeographical affinities with the palaeo‐equatorial South China paleocontinent.
Solution combustion synthesis of CeO2powders and its application in water treatment
Authors: Wang Zichen , Zhao Junfeng , Yin Shilong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCeO2powders were synthesized via a solution combustion method. The product was characterized by X‐ray diffraction scanning electron microscope, and BET surface area analysis. The results indicated that the CeO2powders present a foaming state with a surface area of 28.17 m2g–1. The adsorption performance of the CeO2powders was tested toward the removal of typical pollutants of Cr(VI) and Congo red (CR). The results showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) and CR onto CeO2powders followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, with an adsorption capacity of 5.69 mg g–1and 35.51 mg g–1, respectively.
Multicriteria optimization as enabler for Sustainable Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Schneider Tobias , Wietschel Lars , Schüppel Denny , Riesner Jonas , Konrad Kevin , Thorenz Andrea , Tuma Axel , Koch Dietmar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the past 40 years, development of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) has focused mainly on the improvement of material performance and optimization of cost‐efficient production routes. Recently, more fields of application have opened up for CMCs, in which environmental impacts are relevant. These impacts have barely been investigated so far but receive growing interest due to increasing awareness of the environmental consequences. Our innovative approach frames material properties in relation to environmental impacts (e.g., global warming potential in CO2 emission) by varying process parameters to balance optimum performance against environmental considerations. First, the process of wet filament winding has been investigated up to the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) state by changing both the curing and tempering temperatures. During the production of CFRP plates, mass and energy flows were tracked in each step. Three point‐bending and interlaminar shear tests have been performed on the resulting samples to identify basic mechanical properties. The environmental impacts are determined by a cradle‐to‐gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), using the software SimaPro. The resulting tradeoffs between mechanical properties and environmental impacts show nonlinear behavior, thus revealing optimum points above which improved mechanical properties are associated with significantly higher CO2 emissions.
Characterization of cordierite based h‐BN doped ceramics as an electronic substrate/circuit board material
Authors: Tekin C. , Ercenk E. , Yılmaz Ş. , Demirkıran A. Ş. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, h‐BN was added to the cordierite composition obtained from zeolite, which was prepared by the determined stoichiometry to facilitate machinability and increase thermal conductivity. Sintering behavior, hardness, machinability, and thermal/electrical properties of the samples obtained by sintering the compounds at different times were investigated. Thanks to these features, it is aimed to use cordierite as an alternative material to integrated circuit substrates and electronic packaging materials. The produced samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, examined by scanning electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Afterward, thermal properties such as thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and electrical properties such as electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were measured. The hardness and machinability of samples were investigated. Cordierite, spinel, glassy phase, and h‐BN phase were detected, and it was observed that the blocky cordierite grains turned into equiaxed grains with the increase of the h‐BN. According to the results obtained from the thermal conductivity test, it was seen that the h‐BN additive increased the thermal conductivity value in general. In addition, it was determined that with the increase of h‐BN, the hardness decreased, and the machinability properties of the samples improved.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 rs2285666 polymorphism and clinical parameters as the determinants of COVID‐19 severity in Iranian population
Authors: Khalilzadeh Fereshteh , Sakhaee Fatemeh , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah , Zamani Mohammad Saber , Ahmadi Iraj , Anvari Enayat , Fateh Abolfazl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHost genetic factors may be correlated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a vital role in viral cell entrance. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism and clinical parameters with COVID‐19 mortality. The ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism in 556 recovered and 522 dead patients. In this study, the frequency of ACE2 rs2285666 CC was significantly higher than TT genotype in dead patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C‐reactive protein and the low levels of uric acid, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, real‐time PCR Ct values, and ACE2 rs2285666 CC genotype were associated with increased mortality rates after COVID‐19. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated a possible link between COVID‐19 mortality, clinical parameters, and ACE2 rs2285666 CC. Further research is required to confirm these results.
Apprenticeships: The problem of attractiveness and the hindrance of heterogeneity
Authors: Smith Erica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines a question posed in 2019 in theInternational Journal on Training and Development: ‘How do we solve a problem like apprenticeship?’ Data sources covering a substantial number of countries are used to present findings on, and analyse, initiatives that have been implemented or that have been considered, and then to develop some analytical constructs to help address the question. Fundamental issues such as the status of vocational education and training and the status of apprenticed occupations are important, but the nature of the apprenticeship arrangements, within countries and within industries are also major factors affecting perceived attractiveness. The paper therefore argues that the heterogeneity of apprenticeship systems and arrangements is a major barrier to solving the attractiveness problem. Moreover, the heterogeneity of potential apprenticeship applicants means that marketing campaigns or other efforts to attract more, and higher quality, apprentices need to be cognisant of individuals’ backgrounds, characteristics, and aspirations. Some tentative ways of addressing these matters are presented, but the conclusion is that the topic needs large‐scale research.
Neutron irradiation effect on amorphous porous silica
Authors: Feng Qingyi , Deng Hongxiang , Wang Biyi , li Bo , Xiang Xia , Li Li , Yuan Xiaodong , Zheng Wanguo , Yang Hongdong , Li Sean , Zu Xiaotao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPorous silica is widely used as antireflection films in inertial confinement fusion facilities and be irradiated by high fluence neutron. To date, the neutron irradiation effect of amorphous porous silica is still unclear. In this paper, we give a comprehensive insight into neutron irradiation effect on microstructure, mechanical, and optical properties of porous silica under 14 MeV neutron irradiation by using molecular dynamics and density‐functional theory‐based methods. We find that, for microstructure, neutron irradiation elongates Si–O bond distance, obviously reduces the max value of Si–O–Si bond angle, coordination number distribution, and increases Si3+ and non‐bridging oxygen defects. The bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young's modulus are all obviously reduced due to neutron irradiation, but Poisson's ratio changes relatively small. The light transmittance is reduced, and the optical absorption coefficient is increased after neutron irradiation, especially in the photon energy range of 3–4 eV, which is detrimental to the resistance of laser‐induced damage. Moreover, we find that neutron irradiation has more influence on high‐porosity porous silica than low‐porosity porous silica, which is mainly due to the higher defect percentage in high porosity. Present work is expected to be valuable in the study of degradation mechanism of nuclear material under neutron radiation.
Intercalation‐assisted massive phase transformation: The key to SHS synthesis?
Authors: Pawar Milind , Gouma Pelagia‐Irene 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelf‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) is the term used for a spontaneous, irreversible combustion of initial reagents when ignited. There is limited knowledge of the mechanistics of this versatile materials synthesis process for Chevrel phase compounds (CPCs), which limits its applicability. In this report, the successful and rapid processing of three classes of sulfide CPCs via SHS is demonstrated, and a mechanism is provided to explain rapid transformation rates and nanostructured products that are fully transformed. Cu4Mo6S8, Ni2Mo6S8, and Fe2Mo6S8 compounds were synthesized, and thermochemical measurements revealed that an overall reaction temperature did not surpass the melting points of the reactants. The nature of the specific SHS process is argued here to involve an intercalation‐assisted massive phase transformation facilitated by the use of an MoS2 precursor.
Mechanism‐based tuning of room‐temperature ferromagnetism in Mn‐doped β‐Ga2O3 by annealing atmosphere
Authors: Dai Xu , Zhang Xi , Xiang Gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMn‐doped β‐Ga2O3 (GMO) films with room‐temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) are synthesized by polymer‐assisted deposition, and the effects of annealing atmosphere (air or pure O2 gas) on their structures and physical properties are investigated. The characterizations show that the concentrations of vacancy defects and Mn dopants in various valence states and lattice constants of the samples are all modulated by the annealing atmosphere. Notably, the samples annealed in air (GMO–air) exhibit a saturation magnetization as strong as 170% times that of the samples annealed in pure O2 gas (GMO–O2), which can be quantitatively explained by oxygen vacancy (VO)‐controlled ferromagnetism due to bound magnetic polarons established between delocalized hydrogenic electrons of VOs and local magnetic moments of Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+ ions in the samples. Our results provide insights into mechanism‐based tuning of RTFM in Ga2O3 and may be useful for design, fabrication, and application of related spintronic materials.
Robust room‐temperature ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric coupling effect in epitaxial CaTiO3/SmFeO3 thin films
Authors: Liu Mei Ying , Sun Tu Lai , Gao Ting Ting , Bian Zhi Ping , Luo Zhen Lin , Liu Xiao Qiang , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmFeO3 has received the increasing scientific attention as a promising room‐temperature single‐phase multiferroic material with great application potential in the next‐generation spintronic devices. However, the ferroelectricity of SmFeO3 has remained as a controversial issue. In the present work, high resistivity incipient ferroelectric CaTiO3 was introduced as a charge blocking layer on an SmFeO3 thin film to suppress the leakage current. CaTiO3/SmFeO3/Nb–SrTiO3 (1 0 0) thin films were prepared by a PLD (pulsed laser deposition) process, and the epitaxial growth of thin films was confirmed by XRD (X‐ray diffraction) and HRTEM (high resolution transmission electron microscope) images. The interface strain resulted in the polar non‐centrosymmetry in space group P42/mc for SmFeO3, and subsequently the room‐temperature ferroelectricity was achieved with a robust remanent polarization of about 4.9 μC/cm2. The 180° switchable domain structure was confirmed by PFM (piezoelectric force microscope). Meanwhile, strong magnetoelectric coupling with magnetoelectric coefficient (αME) of about 2.5 V/(cm Oe) was observed. The present work has revealed the structural origin of ferroelectricity in an SmFeO3 thin film and provided the great reference for its room temperature multiferroic applications.
It's Difficult to Explain Away the Appearance That Causation Comes in Degrees: A Reply to Sartorio
Authors: Goh Joshua 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTDoes the relation of (actual) causation admit of degrees? Is it sensible to say, for example, that ‘as compared to his consuming the light beer, Clement's consuming the moonshine was more a cause of his becoming drunk’? Suppose the answer is ‘yes’. Suppose also that country A unjustifiably ignites a lethal war with country B, and you intuit that, while most combatants of A are liable to lethal counterattack, most non‐combatants of A aren't similarly liable. Then, you might support your intuition by reasoning as follows. ‘Perhaps most non‐combatants of A causally contribute to A's unjust, lethal war effort. However, unlike most combatants of A, their causal contributions are not of such a degree that makes them liable to lethal counterattack’. Such reasoning is rejected by Carolina Sartorio. This is due to the recent revealing of a certain puzzle, one which suggests to Sartorio that causation does not come in degrees. Now, one motivation for Sartorio's reaction to the aforementioned puzzle is her thought that we can, for the most part, ‘explain away’ the ‘illusion’ that causation comes in degrees. I will argue that Sartorio insufficiently supports her foregoing thought. Using Sartorio's resources, we cannot (largely) ‘explain away’ the widespread appearance that causation comes in degrees.
Increase in membrane surface expression and phosphorylation of TRPC3 related to olfactory dysfunction in α‐synuclein transgenic mice
Authors: Chen Min , Liu Jia , Luo Hanjiang , Duan Chunli , Gao Ge , Yang Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOlfactory impairment is an initial non‐motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that causes the deposition of aggregated α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in olfactory neurons. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are a diverse group of non‐selective Ca2+ entry channels involved in the progression or pathogenesis of PD via Ca2+ homeostatic regulation. However, the relationship between TRPC and α‐syn pathology in an olfactory system remains unclear. To address this issue, we assessed the olfactory function in α‐syn transgenic mice. In contrast with control mice, the transgenic mice exhibited impaired olfaction, TRPC3 activation and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the olfactory system. Similar results were observed in primary cultures of olfactory neurons, that is TRPC3 activation, increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration and apoptotic cell death in the α‐syn‐overexpressed neurons. These changes were significantly attenuated by TRPC3 knockdown. Therefore, our findings suggest that TRPC3 activation and calcium dyshomeostasis play a key role in α‐syn‐induced olfactory dysfunction in mice.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing spindle orientation: How far are we from there?
Authors: Zhong Tao , Gongye Xiaoxiao , Wang Minglei , Yu Jinming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProper spindle orientation is essential for cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Recently, accumulating studies have elucidated several factors that regulate spindle orientation, including geometric, internal and external cues. Abnormality in these factors generally leads to defects in the physiological functions of various organs and the development of severe diseases. Herein, we first review models that are commonly used for studying spindle orientation. We then review a conservative heterotrimeric complex critically involved in spindle orientation regulation in different models. Finally, we summarize some cues that affect spindle orientation and explore whether we can establish a model that precisely elucidates the effects of spindle orientation without interfusing other spindle functions. We aim to summarize current models used in spindle orientation studies and discuss whether we can build a model that disturbs spindle orientation alone. This can substantially improve our understanding of how spindle orientation is regulated and provide insights to investigate this complex event.
Increased risk of suicidality in patients with psoriasis: A Nationwide cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Ahn Juhee , Cho Young Ah , Sung Jae Young , Kim Chang Yong , Yu Da‐Ae , Lee Yang Won , Won Sungho , Choe Yong Beom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis has a devastating psychological impact on patients' quality of life. However, the relationship between suicidality and psoriasis remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study analysed and compared the risk of suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and completed suicide) between patients with psoriasis and the general population.MethodsThis nationwide, population‐based, retrospective, cohort study analysed the Korean National Health Insurance Service claim data from 2005 to 2018.ResultsThe study included 348,439 patients with psoriasis aged over 18 years and with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The risk of suicidality was higher in the psoriasis group than in the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.24]. The aHR of suicidality was higher in the psoriatic arthritis group (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.39–1.54) than in the psoriasis‐alone group (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13–1.20). However, the severity of psoriasis and suicidality showed no correlation (mild psoriasis group: aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18–1.25; moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis group: aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23).ConclusionPatients with psoriasis have an increased risk of suicidality. In particular, the presence of arthritis in patients had a more significant effect on the risk of suicidality.