bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐assessing the late HIV diagnosis surveillance definition in the era of increased and frequent testing
Authors: Kirwan Peter D. , Croxford Sara , Aghaizu Adamma , Murphy Gary , Tosswill Jennifer , Brown Alison E. , Delpech Valerie C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesLate HIV diagnosis (CD4 <350 cells/mm3) is a key public health metric. In an era of more frequent testing, the likelihood of HIV diagnosis occurring during seroconversion, when CD4 counts may dip below 350, is greater. We applied a correction, considering markers of recent infection, and re‐assessed 1‐year mortality following late diagnosis.MethodsWe used national epidemiological and laboratory surveillance data from all people diagnosed with HIV in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (EW&NI). Those with a baseline CD4 <350 were reclassified as ‘not late’ if they had evidence of recent infection (recency test and/or negative test within 24 months). A correction factor (CF) was the number reclassified divided by the number with a CD4 <350.ResultsOf the 32 227 people diagnosed with HIV in EW&NI between 2011 and 2019 with a baseline CD4 (81% of total), 46% had a CD4 <350 (uncorrected late diagnosis rate): 34% of gay and bisexual men (GBM), 65% of heterosexual men, and 56% of heterosexual women.Accounting for recency test and/or prior negative tests gave a ‘corrected’ late diagnosis rate of 39% and corresponding CF of 14%. The CF increased from 10% to 18% during 2011–2015, then plateaued, and was larger among GBM (25%) than heterosexual men and women (6% and 7%, respectively). One‐year mortality among people diagnosed late was 329 per 10 000 after reclassification (an increase from 288/10 000).ConclusionsThe case‐surveillance definition of late diagnosis increasingly overestimates late presentation, the extent of which differs by key populations. Adjustment of late diagnosis is recommended, particularly for frequent testers such as GBM.
The impact of age stereotype threats on older consumers' intention to buy masstige brand products
Authors: Bae Hyeyoon , Jo Sang Hyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between old‐age stereotyping and older consumers' masstige product consumption, specifically, their intention to purchase masstige brand products, with a focus on their motivational drives from an identity‐signaling perspective. We surveyed 533 people aged 54 to 64 years in South Korea. Structural equation modeling was used to analyse the mediating effect, and hierarchical regression analysis was applied to test the moderating effect. Our results indicated that among older consumers in South Korea who felt threatened by old‐age stereotypes, intention to purchase masstige brands was high. Their dissociative motivation, that is, their motivation to dissociate from their age group, and the symbolic value of masstige brands as signifiers of a youthful, desirable identity were found to mediate both the threat of old‐age stereotyping and intention to purchase masstige brands. Furthermore, we found that interdependent older consumers were more sensitive to old‐age stereotyping and had a stronger motivation to dissociate from the “old‐age” group. The findings offer insights into masstige brand consumption by older South Korean consumers that may be useful for both academics and marketers.
Physicochemical properties of the sesame paste produced by a novel process technology—ball milling
Authors: Jin Lei , Zhao Xiao‐Juan , Zhao Yu , Gao Shen‐Ao , Liu Hua‐Min , Ma Yu‐Xiang , Wang Xue‐De , Hou Li‐Xia 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTo study the physicochemical properties of sesame paste produced by a novel process technology—ball milling, the effects of different ball milling times (8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 min) at 650 rpm on particle size, texture, rheological properties, volatile compounds, consumer sensory evaluation, and microstructure of sesame paste were investigated. The results showed that ball milling has no significant differences in proximate composition and colour of sesame paste, but the D90 value of particle size decreased to 32.04 μm. Compared to others, the sesame paste ball‐milled for 8 min has the highest viscosity of 277.195 g·s. The sesame paste obtained by ball milling for 32 and 40 min produced 55 and 56 volatile compounds, respectively. Regardless of male and female, sesame paste obtained by ball milling for 24, 32, and 40 min have high overall acceptability. This investigation shows that ball milling is a new technology of potentially great value in the industrial production of sesame paste, which can be used to produce high‐quality sesame paste with specific characteristics.
When exit policies determine entry policies: The case of the Karta Polaka
Authors: Caballero Vélez Diego , Misiuna Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to explain whether the politics of exit forced by one state on citizens of another in the past influence the politics of entry of present ethnic nation‐states. It concentrates on the Karta Polaka (Card of a Pole), originally enacted in Poland in 2007 within the framework of the politics of belonging as a response to the perceived moral duty towards ethnic Poles “left behind” in the former Soviet Union. With time, this policy has evolved to become Poland's entry policy of choice for incoming ethnic Poles from the diaspora. Through a review of the literature on politics of belonging, exit, and entry, an analysis of the context and by tracking changes within the law itself, this paper assesses the development and scope of the Karta Polaka. The causal effect correlation between the development of entry policies in ethnic nation‐states and the exit policies of another is confirmed.
Talking about return. Governmental caseworkers' regulative, normative and cultural‐cognitive strategies during “return conversations” with irregularised migrants
Authors: Sinnige Michael , van Houte Marieke , Leerkes Arjen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCaseworkers of the Repatriation and Departure Service (DT&V), responsible for enforcing return orders in the Netherlands, systematically orchestrate “return conversations” with rejected asylum seekers and apprehended irregular migrants in hopes of realising the return of their “clients” without physical force. Based on semi‐structured interviews, we analyse which strategies the caseworkers use under which conditions and what they think about their strategies' (in)effectiveness. The analysis is informed by Scott's institutional theory and Lipsky's concept of street‐level bureaucracy. Our results show that caseworkers prefer regulative strategies but are under organisational pressure to also use normative and cultural‐cognitive strategies, especially when migrants cannot be deported. According to the caseworkers, these cases are often the most labour‐intensive and the normative and cultural‐cognitive arguments used are considered rarely successful. Also, these arguments seem to conflict with their social norms and cultural‐cognitive beliefs. We develop three hypotheses which can be used in future research.
Refractory wounds induced by normal‐renal calciphylaxis: An under‐recognised calcific arteriolopathy
Authors: Wu Jing , Chen Lihong , Dang Fangping , Zha Panpan , Li Rao , Ran Xingwu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNormal‐renal calciphylaxis (NRC) is a devastating calcific vasculopathy characterised by refractory wounds. It is more likely to be misdiagnosed because of the absence of renal insufficiency. Failure to effectively control may lead to rapid deterioration and ultimately death. However, current knowledge of it is still inadequate.ObjectivesTo provide a relatively comprehensive review of NRC.MethodsNine electronic medical databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library and so on were searched from inception to April 1, 2022. Articles in which calciphylaxis was diagnosed in patients with normal renal function were included.ResultsTotally 140 articles were retrieved with 187 patients (median age, 62 years [IQR, 49.63 ~ 75.70 years]; 83.42% female; 84.5% Caucasian). Vitamin K antagonism (43.32%) and diabetes (39.57%) accounted for most of the concomitant factors. Cutaneous presentations were the most common. Pathological confirmation was made in 97.86% of patients with an accuracy of 99.45%. Multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies were usually implemented while the final prognosis was not ideal, with a 6‐month mortality rate of 21.10% and a 1‐year mortality rate of 27.52%.ConclusionNRC is an under‐recognised disease caused by a variety of factors; meanwhile, multidisciplinary efforts are required to inform diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
High‐strength ceramic foams with ultralow dielectric constant and loss in terahertz frequency region
Authors: Chen Yugu , Guo Weijia , Ma Zhiyu , Lu Yutian , Yue Zhenxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSixth generation (6G) wireless networks operating in terahertz frequency region are significant solutions to the increasing number of telecommunication devices and the demand for faster data transmission. However, few dielectric materials exhibiting an ultralow relative dielectric constant (εr), loss tangent (tanδ), and high mechanical strength are found suited for 6G telecommunication. In this study, we developed lightweight ceramic foams by directly sintering glass hollow spheres. The effects of sintering temperatures on their mechanical performance, and terahertz optical and dielectric properties were systematically investigated. The final compositions of ceramic foams contain glass, cristobalite, quartz, and wollastonite. The crystalline content increases with increasing sintering temperature. The ceramic foams sintered at low temperatures of 700–850°C exhibit a high porosity ranging from 74.6% to 87.3%, ultralow εr ranging from 1.41 to 1.83, and tanδ of ∼0.011 at 0.5 THz, as well as high compressive strength ranging from 10.1 to 27.4 MPa, which could be promising materials for 6G telecommunication.
Chronic experimental hyperoxia elevates aerobic scope: a valid method to test for physiological oxygen limitations in fish
Authors: Skeeles Michael R. , Scheuffele Hanna , Clark Timothy D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExperimental hyperoxia has been shown to enhance the maximum oxygen uptake capacity of fishes under acute conditions, potentially offering an avenue to test prominent physiological hypotheses attempting to explain impacts of climate warming on fish populations (e.g., gill‐oxygen limitation driving declines in fish size). Such benefits of experimental hyperoxia must persist under chronic conditions if it is to provide a valid manipulation to test the relevant hypotheses, yet the long‐term benefits of experimental hyperoxia to oxygen uptake capacity have not been examined. Here, the authors measured aerobic metabolic performance ofGalaxias maculatusupon acute exposure to hyperoxia (150% air saturation) and after 5 months of acclimation, at both 15°C and 20°C. Acute hyperoxia elevated aerobic scope by 74%–94% relative to normoxic controls, and an elevation of 58%–73% persisted after 5 months of hyperoxia acclimation. When hyperoxia‐acclimated fish were acutely transitioned back to normoxia, they maintained superior aerobic performance compared with normoxic controls, suggesting an acclimation of the underlying metabolic structures/processes. In demonstrating the long‐term benefits of experimental hyperoxia on the aerobic performance of a fish, the authors encourage the use of such approaches to disentangle the role of oxygen in driving the responses of fish populations to climate warming.
Comparative anatomy of the passerine carpometacarpus helps illuminate the early fossil record of crown Passeriformes
Authors: Steell Elizabeth M. , Nguyen Jacqueline M. T. , Benson Roger B. J. , Field Daniel J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe hyper‐diverse clade Passeriformes (crown group passerines) comprises over half of extant bird diversity, yet disproportionately few studies have targeted passerine comparative anatomy on a broad phylogenetic scale. This general lack of research attention hinders efforts to interpret the passerine fossil record and obscures patterns of morphological evolution across one of the most diverse clades of extant vertebrates. Numerous potentially important crown passeriform fossils have proven challenging to place phylogenetically, due in part to a paucity of phylogenetically informative characters from across the passerine skeleton. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the morphology of extant passerine carpometacarpi, which are relatively abundant components of the passerine fossil record. We sampled >70% of extant family‐level passerine clades (132 extant species) as well as several fossils from the Oligocene of Europe and scored them for 54 phylogenetically informative carpometacarpus characters optimised on a recently published phylogenomic scaffold. We document a considerable amount of previously undescribed morphological variation among passerine carpometacarpi, and, despite high levels of homoplasy, our results support the presence of representatives of both crown Passeri and crown Tyranni in Europe during the Oligocene.
Pace Layering as a Metaphor for Organizing in the Age of Intelligent Technologies: Considering the Future of Work by Theorizing the Future of Organizing
Authors: Beane Matthew I. , Leonardi Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntelligent technologies are raising important questions about the future of work. In response, many scholars explore new forms of work related to these technologies. Researchers then often speculate about what the organization of the future might look like from these newer images of work. Here we take the opposite approach: we start by asking how intelligent technologies are reshaping howorganizinghappens, then theorize how such organizational transformations may shape work. To this end we reconceptualize organizations as a hierarchy of pace layers – interdependent organizational processes that evolve at different timescales. Doing so allows us to see the new forms of work that are becoming necessary to articulate these pace layers for intra‐organizational coordination and allow for maximum organizational adaptability in an era where intelligent technologies engender rapid and discontinuous digital changes in the environments in which organizing occurs.
Identifying acute ischemic stroke patients within the thrombolytic treatment window using deep learning
Authors: Polson Jennifer S. , Zhang Haoyue , Nael Kambiz , Salamon Noriko , Yoo Bryan Y. , El‐Saden Suzie , Starkman Sidney , Kim Namkug , Kang Dong‐Wha , Speier William F. , Arnold Corey W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeTreatment of acute ischemic stroke is heavily contingent upon time, as there is a strong relationship between time clock and tissue progression. Work has established imaging biomarker assessments as surrogates for time since stroke (TSS), namely, by comparing signal mismatch between diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Our goal was to develop an automatic technique for determining TSS from imaging that does not require subspecialist radiology expertise.MethodsUsing 772 patients (66 ± 9 years, 319 women), we developed and externally evaluated a deep learning network for classifying TSS from MR images and compared algorithm predictions to neuroradiologist assessments of DWI‐FLAIR mismatch. Models were trained to classify TSS within 4.5 hours and performance metrics with confidence intervals were reported on both internal and external evaluation sets.ResultsThree board‐certified neuroradiologists’ DWI‐FLAIR mismatch assessments, based on majority vote, yielded a sensitivity of .62, a specificity of .86, and a Fleiss’ kappa of .46 when used to classify TSS. The deep learning method performed similarly to radiologists and outperformed previously reported methods, with the best model achieving an average evaluation accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of .726, .712, and .741, respectively, on an internal cohort and .724, .757, and .679, respectively, on an external cohort.ConclusionOur model achieved higher generalization performance on external evaluation datasets than the current state‐of‐the‐art for TSS classification. These results demonstrate the potential of automatic assessment of onset time from imaging without the need for expertly trained radiologists.
Frontostriatal and limbic contributions to cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Brown Gregory , Hakun Jonathan , Lewis Mechelle M. , De Jesus Sol , Du Guangwei , Eslinger Paul J. , Kong Lan , Huang Xuemei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe circuitry underlying heterogenous cognitive profiles in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether structural changes in frontostriatal and limbic pathways contribute to different cognitive trajectories in PD.MethodsWe obtained clinical and multimodal MRI data from 120 control and 122 PD subjects without dementia or severe motor disability. T1/T2‐weighted images estimated volume, and diffusion imaging evaluated fractional anisotropy (FA) of frontostriatal (striatum and frontostriatal white matter [FSWM]) and limbic (hippocampus and fornix) structures. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) gauged total and domain‐specific (attention/executive and memory) cognitive function. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to compare MRI and cognitive progression over 4.5 years between controls and PD and evaluate associations between baseline MRI and cognitive changes in PD.ResultsAt baseline, control and PD groups were comparable, except PD participants had smaller striatal volume (p < 0.001). Longitudinally, PD showed faster decline in hippocampal volume, FSWM FA, and fornix FA (ps < .016), but not striatal volume (p = .218). Total and domain‐specific MoCA scores declined faster in PD (ps < .030). In PD, lower baseline hippocampal volume (p = .005) and fornix FA (p = .032), but not striatal volume (p = .662) or FSWM FA (p = .143), were associated with faster total MoCA decline. Baseline frontostriatal metrics of striatal volume and FSWM FA were associated with faster attention/executive decline (p < .038), whereas lower baseline hippocampal volume was associated with faster memory decline (p = .005).ConclusionIn PD, frontostriatal structural metrics are associated with attention/executive tasks, whereas limbic changes correlated with faster global cognitive decline, particularly in memory tasks.
A novel sugar beet cyst nematode effector 2D01 targets the Arabidopsis HAESA receptor‐like kinase
Authors: Verma Anju , Lin Marriam , Smith Dante , Walker John C. , Hewezi Tarek , Davis Eric L. , Hussey Richard S. , Baum Thomas J. , Mitchum Melissa G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant‐parasitic cyst nematodes use a stylet to deliver effector proteins produced in oesophageal gland cells into root cells to cause disease in plants. These effectors are deployed to modulate plant defence responses and developmental programmes for the formation of a specialized feeding site called a syncytium. The Hg2D01 effector gene, coding for a novel 185‐amino‐acid secreted protein, was previously shown to be up‐regulated in the dorsal gland of parasitic juveniles of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines, but its function has remained unknown. Genome analyses revealed that Hg2D01 belongs to a highly diversified effector gene family in the genomes of H. glycines and the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. For functional studies using the model Arabidopsis thaliana–H. schachtii pathosystem, we cloned the orthologous Hs2D01 sequence from H. schachtii. We demonstrate that Hs2D01 is a cytoplasmic effector that interacts with the intracellular kinase domain of HAESA (HAE), a cell surface‐associated leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) receptor‐like kinase (RLK) involved in signalling the activation of cell wall‐remodelling enzymes important for cell separation during abscission and lateral root emergence. Furthermore, we show that AtHAE is expressed in the syncytium and, therefore, could serve as a viable host target for Hs2D01. Infective juveniles effectively penetrated the roots of HAE and HAESA‐LIKE2 (HSL2) double mutant plants; however, fewer nematodes developed on the roots, consistent with a role for this receptor family in nematode infection. Taken together, our results suggest that the Hs2D01–AtHAE interaction may play an important role in sugar beet cyst nematode parasitism.
SnRK1A‐mediated phosphorylation of a cytosolic ATPase positively regulates rice innate immunity and is inhibited by Ustilaginoidea virens effector SCRE1
Authors: Yang Jiyun , Zhang Nan , Wang Jiyang , Fang Anfei , Fan Jing , Li Dayong , Li Yuejiao , Wang Shanzhi , Cui Fuhao , Yu Junjie , Liu Yongfeng , Wang Wen‐Ming , Peng You‐Liang , He Sheng Yang , Sun Wenxian 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is becoming one of the most recalcitrant rice diseases worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice immunity against U. virens remain unknown.

Using genetic, biochemical and disease resistance assays, we demonstrated that the xb24 knockout lines generated in non‐Xa21 rice background exhibit an enhanced susceptibility to the fungal pathogens U. virens and Magnaporthe oryzae. Consistently, flg22‐ and chitin‐induced oxidative burst and expression of pathogenesis‐related genes in the xb24 knockout lines were greatly attenuated.

As a central mediator of energy signaling, SnRK1A interacts with and phosphorylates XB24 at Thr83 residue to promote ATPase activity. SnRK1A is activated by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and positively regulates plant immune responses and disease resistance. Furthermore, the virulence effector SCRE1 in U. virens targets host ATPase XB24. The interaction inhibits ATPase activity of XB24 by blocking ATP binding to XB24. Meanwhile, SCRE1 outcompetes SnRK1A for XB24 binding, and thereby suppresses SnRK1A‐mediated phosphorylation and ATPase activity of XB24.

Our results indicate that the conserved SnRK1A‐XB24 module in multiple crop plants positively contributes to plant immunity and uncover an unidentified molecular strategy to promote infection in U. virens and a novel host target in fungal pathogenesis.
Testing the validity of purchasing power parity for China: Evidence from the Fourier quantile unit root test
Authors: Chan Kenneth S. , Lai Jennifer T. , Liang Xiaoyi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe revisit the purchasing power parity (PPP) between China and its five major trading partners, namely European Union, United States, Brazil, Japan, and Korea. Conventional unit root tests with structural breaks have mostly failed to validate the PPP. Apart from using CPI as the price index, the tradable‐goods price index is also used to test the PPP hypothesis (Balassa–Samuelson effect). Using the Fourier quantile unit root test for the potential structural breaks and non‐Gaussian distribution reveals strong evidence that the PPP holds between China and its five major trading partners.