bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population-attributable risk of psychiatric disorders for suicide among adolescents and young adults in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Yi-An , Liao Shih-Cheng , Chang Chia-Ming , Chang Shu-Sen , Yang Albert C. , Chien Yi-Ling , Wu Chi-Shin , Gau Susan Shur-Fen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundYouth suicide rates have increased markedly in some countries. This study aimed to estimate the population-attributable risk of psychiatric disorders associated with suicide among Taiwanese youth aged 10–24 years.MethodsData were obtained from the National Death Registry and National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database between 2007 and 2019. Youth who died by suicide were included, and comparisons, 1:10 matched by age and sex, were randomly selected from the Registry for NHI beneficiaries. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate suicide odds ratios for psychiatric disorders. The population-attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated for each psychiatric disorder.ResultsA total of 2345 youth suicide and 23 450 comparisons were included. Overall, 44.8% of suicides had a psychiatric disorder, while only 7.9% of the comparisons had a psychiatric disorder. The combined PAF for all psychiatric disorders was 55.9%. The top three psychiatric conditions of the largest PAFs were major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and sleep disorder. In the analysis stratified by sex, the combined PAF was 45.5% for males and 69.2% for females. The PAF among young adults aged 20–24 years (57.0%) was higher than among adolescents aged 10–19 years (48.0%).ConclusionsOur findings of high PAF from major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and sleep disorder to youth suicides suggest that youth suicide prevention that focuses on detecting and treating mental illness may usefully target these disorders.
Receding resilience: On the planetary moods of disruption
Authors: Grove Nicole Sunday 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe term disruption has been offered as both an ethos and set of practices framed as a broad response to all manner of social and political ills. This article offers a speculative reflection on disruption as a planetary mood, and the sensory qualities of a change in politics no longer defined by governance and what is governable, but by a series of continuous experiments hedged upon the creation of new geopolitical frontiers and life forms that position all matter and contingency towards a specific kind of value tied to chaos. In thinking about the kinds of authority and legitimacy being fashioned around visions of so-called disruptive futures, I draw on materially-grounded illustrations of disruptive dispositions to examine three different arrangements of affect, feeling, and intensity being animated to give disruption its power of transmissibility and adaptability, as well as its unintuitive emphasis on disorder and ‘breaking things’ as both a moral good and unconditional response to questions concerning global conflict, crises, and instability. Ultimately, disruption as a planetary mood draws on a libidinal economy that does not bend towards justice or equity, thus warning against misanthropic commitments to collapse and the consequences of investing in a world premised on an ethos of erasure.
Yogurt consumption and risk of mortality from all causes, CVD and cancer: a comprehensive systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Tutunchi Helda , Naghshi Sina , Naemi Mohammad , Naeini Fatemeh , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectives:To quantify the dose–response relation between yogurt consumption and risk of mortality from all causes, CVD and cancer.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases through August 2022 for cohort studies reporting the association of yogurt consumption with mortality from all causes, CVD and cancer. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI were calculated with a random-effects model.Participants:Seventeen cohort studies (eighteen publications) of 896 871 participants with 75 791 deaths (14 623 from CVD and 20 554 from cancer).Results:High intake of yogurt compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled RR 0·93; 95 % CI: 0·89, 0·98, I2 = 47·3 %, n 12 studies) and CVD (0·89; 95 % CI: 0·81, 0·98, I2 = 33·2 %, n 11), but not with cancer (0·96; 95 % CI: 0·89, 1·03, I2 = 26·5 %, n 12). Each additional serving of yogurt consumption per d was significantly associated with a reduced risk of all-cause (0·93; 95 % CI: 0·86, 0·99, I2 = 63·3 %, n 11) and CVD mortality (0·86; 95 % CI: 0·77, 0·99, I2 = 36·6 %, n 10). There was evidence of non-linearity between yogurt consumption and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, and there was no further reduction in risk above 0·5 serving/d.Conclusion:Summarising earlier cohort studies, we found an inverse association between yogurt consumption and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality; however, there was no significant association between yogurt consumption and risk of cancer mortality.
Exploring differences between public and private providers in primary care: findings from a large Swedish region
Authors: Glenngård Anna Häger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study contributes to the sparse literature on differences between public and private primary care practices (PCCs). The purpose was to explore if differences in performance and characteristics between public and PCCs persist over time in a welfare market with patient choice and provider competition, where public and private providers operate under similar conditions. The analysis is based on data from a national patient survey and administrative registries in a large Swedish region, covering PCC observations in 2010 and 2019, i.e., the year after and 10 years after introducing choice and competition in the region. The findings suggest that differences across owner types tend to decrease over time in welfare markets. Differences in patients' experiences, PCC size, patient mix and the division of labour have decreased or disappeared between 2010 and 2019. There were small but significant differences in process measures of quality in 2019; public PCCs complied better with prescription guidelines. While the results demonstrate a convergence between public and private PCCs in regards to their characteristics and performance, differences in patients' experiences in regards to socioeconomic conditions persisted. Such unwarranted variation calls for continued attention from policy makers and further research about causes.
Inter‐Model Spread of the Simulated Winter Surface Air Temperature Over the Eurasian Continent and the Physical Linkage to the Jet Streams From the CMIP6 Models
Authors: Liu Anqi , Huang Ying , Huang Danqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe model uncertainty, one of the major sources of projection uncertainty, is still a challenge in the climate simulation. In this study, we investigated the inter‐model spread of the simulated winter surface air temperature (SAT) over the Eurasian continent and the physical link to the upper‐level jet streams from the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 6 models. Extracted by the inter‐model empirical orthogonal function analysis, the leading inter‐model spread of SAT over the Eurasian continent is characterized by a cold pattern, particularly over high latitudes, which is closely associated with the out‐of‐phase variation in the intensity of the East Asian polar front jet (EAPJ) and East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ). The weakened‐EAPJ‐enhanced‐EASJ pattern is linked to the intensified Siberian high, the strengthened Aleutian low, and the deepened East Asian trough. All the variations would benefit the cold air invasion, resulting in the leading inter‐model spread of the SAT. The possible mechanism for the inter‐model uncertainty in the out‐of‐phase variation in the intensity of the two jets would be traced to the cooling over the Northwest Pacific oceans, which has reduced (enhanced) the meridional temperature gradient over high (low) latitudes and thereby contributed to the out of phase variation in the two jets. Our findings would help provide a potential metric for understanding the winter SAT change over the Eurasian continent.
mTOR inhibition amplifies the anti-lymphoma effect of PI3Kβ/δ blockage in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Xu Wendan , Berning Philipp , Erdmann Tabea , Grau Michael , Bettazová Nardjas , Zapukhlyak Myroslav , Frontzek Fabian , Kosnopfel Corinna , Lenz Peter , Grondine Michael , Willis Brandon , Lynch James T. , Klener Pavel , Hailfinger Stephan , Barry Simon T. , Lenz Georg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive disease that exhibits constitutive activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) driven by chronic B-cell receptor signaling or PTEN deficiency. Since pan-PI3K inhibitors cause severe side effects, we investigated the anti-lymphoma efficacy of the specific PI3Kβ/δ inhibitor AZD8186. We identified a subset of DLBCL models within activated B-cell–like (ABC) and germinal center B-cell–like (GCB) DLBCL that were sensitive to AZD8186 treatment. On the molecular level, PI3Kβ/δ inhibition decreased the pro-survival NF-κB and AP-1 activity or led to downregulation of the oncogenic transcription factor MYC. In AZD8186-resistant models, we detected a feedback activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway following PI3Kβ/δ inhibition, which limited AZD8186 efficacy. The combined treatment with AZD8186 and the mTOR inhibitor AZD2014 overcame resistance to PI3Kβ/δ inhibition and completely prevented outgrowth of lymphoma cells in vivo in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Collectively, our study reveals that subsets of DLBCLs are addicted to PI3Kβ/δ signaling and thus identifies a previously unappreciated role of the PI3Kβ isoform in DLBCL survival. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that combined targeting of PI3Kβ/δ and mTOR is effective in all major DLBCL subtypes supporting the evaluation of this strategy in a clinical trial setting.
Predicting criminal and violent outcomes in psychiatry: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Watts Devon , de Azevedo Cardoso Taiane , Librenza-Garcia Diego , Ballester Pedro , Passos Ives Cavalcante , Kessler Felix H. P. , Reilly Jim , Chaimowitz Gary , Kapczinski Flavio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough reducing criminal outcomes in individuals with mental illness have long been a priority for governments worldwide, there is still a lack of objective and highly accurate tools that can predict these events at an individual level. Predictive machine learning models may provide a unique opportunity to identify those at the highest risk of criminal activity and facilitate personalized rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to describe the diagnostic accuracy of studies using machine learning techniques to predict criminal and violent outcomes in psychiatry. We performed meta-analyses using the mada, meta, and dmetatools packages in R to predict criminal and violent outcomes in psychiatric patients (n = 2428) (Registration Number: CRD42019127169) by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published in any language up to April 2022. Twenty studies were included in the systematic review. Overall, studies used single-nucleotide polymorphisms, text analysis, psychometric scales, hospital records, and resting-state regional cerebral blood flow to build predictive models. Of the studies described in the systematic review, nine were included in the present meta-analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting violent and criminal outcomes in psychiatry was 0.816 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 70.57–88.15), with a partial AUC of 0.773, and average sensitivity of 73.33% (95% CI: 64.09–79.63), and average specificity of 72.90% (95% CI: 63.98–79.66), respectively. Furthermore, the pooled accuracy across models was 71.45% (95% CI: 60.88–83.86), with a tau squared (τ2) of 0.0424 (95% CI: 0.0184–0.1553). Based on available evidence, we suggest that prospective models include evidence-based risk factors identified in prior actuarial models. Moreover, there is a need for a greater emphasis on identifying biological features and incorporating novel variables which have not been explored in prior literature. Furthermore, available models remain preliminary, and prospective validation with independent datasets, and across cultures, will be required prior to clinical implementation. Nonetheless, predictive machine learning models hold promise in providing clinicians and researchers with actionable tools to improve how we prevent, detect, or intervene in relevant crime and violent-related outcomes in psychiatry.
Reversible Myc hypomorphism identifies a key Myc-dependency in early cancer evolution
Authors: Sodir Nicole M. , Pellegrinet Luca , Kortlever Roderik M. , Campos Tania , Kwon Yong-Won , Kim Shinseog , Garcia Daniel , Perfetto Alessandra , Anastasiou Panayiotis , Swigart Lamorna Brown , Arends Mark J. , Littlewood Trevor D. , Evan Gerard I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGerm-line hypomorphism of the pleiotropic transcription factor Myc in mice, either through Myc gene haploinsufficiency or deletion of Myc enhancers, delays onset of various cancers while mice remain viable and exhibit only relatively mild pathologies. Using a genetically engineered mouse model in which Myc expression may be systemically and reversibly hypomorphed at will, we asked whether this resistance to tumour progression is also emplaced when Myc hypomorphism is acutely imposed in adult mice. Indeed, adult Myc hypomorphism profoundly blocked KRasG12D-driven lung and pancreatic cancers, arresting their evolution at the early transition from indolent pre-tumour to invasive cancer. We show that such arrest is due to the incapacity of hypomorphic levels of Myc to drive release of signals that instruct the microenvironmental remodelling necessary to support invasive cancer. The cancer protection afforded by long-term adult imposition of Myc hypomorphism is accompanied by only mild collateral side effects, principally in haematopoiesis, but even these are circumvented if Myc hypomorphism is imposed metronomically whereas potent cancer protection is retained.
Giant gate-controlled odd-parity magnetoresistance in one-dimensional channels with a magnetic proximity effect
Authors: Takiguchi Kosuke , Anh Le Duc , Chiba Takahiro , Shiratani Harunori , Fukuzawa Ryota , Takahashi Takuji , Tanaka Masaaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccording to Onsager’s principle, electrical resistance R of general conductors behaves as an even function of external magnetic field B. Only in special circumstances, which involve time reversal symmetry (TRS) broken by ferromagnetism, the odd component of R against B is observed. This unusual phenomenon, called odd-parity magnetoresistance (OMR), was hitherto subtle (< 2%) and hard to control by external means. Here, we report a giant OMR as large as 27% in edge transport channels of an InAs quantum well, which is magnetized by a proximity effect from an underlying ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb layer. Combining experimental results and theoretical analysis using the linearized Boltzmann’s equation, we found that simultaneous breaking of both the TRS by the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) and spatial inversion symmetry (SIS) in the one-dimensional (1D) InAs edge channels is the origin of this giant OMR. We also demonstrated the ability to turn on and off the OMR using electrical gating of either TRS or SIS in the edge channels. These findings provide a deep insight into the 1D semiconducting system with a strong magnetic coupling.
A formal validation of a deep learning-based automated workflow for the interpretation of the echocardiogram
Authors: Tromp Jasper , Bauer David , Claggett Brian L. , Frost Matthew , Iversen Mathias Bøtcher , Prasad Narayana , Petrie Mark C. , Larson Martin G. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study compares a deep learning interpretation of 23 echocardiographic parameters—including cardiac volumes, ejection fraction, and Doppler measurements—with three repeated measurements by core lab sonographers. The primary outcome metric, the individual equivalence coefficient (IEC), compares the disagreement between deep learning and human readers relative to the disagreement among human readers. The pre-determined non-inferiority criterion is 0.25 for the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval. Among 602 anonymised echocardiographic studies from 600 people (421 with heart failure, 179 controls, 69% women), the point estimates of IEC are all <0 and the upper bound of the 95% confidence intervals below 0.25, indicating that the disagreement between the deep learning and human measures is lower than the disagreement among three core lab readers. These results highlight the potential of deep learning algorithms to improve efficiency and reduce the costs of echocardiography.
An allosteric modulator activates BK channels by perturbing coupling between Ca2+ binding and pore opening
Authors: Zhang Guohui , Xu Xianjin , Jia Zhiguang , Geng Yanyan , Liang Hongwu , Shi Jingyi , Marras Martina , Abella Carlota , Magleby Karl L. , Silva Jonathan R. , Chen Jianhan , Zou Xiaoqin , Cui Jianmin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBK type Ca2+-activated K+channels activate in response to both voltage and Ca2+. The membrane-spanning voltage sensor domain (VSD) activation and Ca2+binding to the cytosolic tail domain (CTD) open the pore across the membrane, but the mechanisms that couple VSD activation and Ca2+binding to pore opening are not clear. Here we show that a compound, BC5, identified from in silico screening, interacts with the CTD-VSD interface and specifically modulates the Ca2+dependent activation mechanism. BC5 activates the channel in the absence of Ca2+binding but Ca2+binding inhibits BC5 effects. Thus, BC5 perturbs a pathway that couples Ca2+binding to pore opening to allosterically affect both, which is further supported by atomistic simulations and mutagenesis. The results suggest that the CTD-VSD interaction makes a major contribution to the mechanism of Ca2+dependent activation and is an important site for allosteric agonists to modulate BK channel activation.
Mechanically derived short-range order and its impact on the multi-principal-element alloys
Authors: Seol Jae Bok , Ko Won-Seok , Sohn Seok Su , Na Min Young , Chang Hye Jung , Heo Yoon-Uk , Kim Jung Gi , Sung Hyokyung , Li Zhiming , Pereloma Elena , Kim Hyoung Seop 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemical short-range order in disordered solid solutions often emerges with specific heat treatments. Unlike thermally activated ordering, mechanically derived short-range order (MSRO) in a multi-principal-element Fe40Mn40Cr10Co10 (at%) alloy originates from tensile deformation at 77 K, and its degree/extent can be tailored by adjusting the loading rates under quasistatic conditions. The mechanical response and multi-length-scale characterisation pointed to the minor contribution of MSRO formation to yield strength, mechanical twinning, and deformation-induced displacive transformation. Scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and the anlaysis of electron diffraction patterns revealed the microstructural features responsible for MSRO and the dependence of the ordering degree/extent on the applied strain rates. Here, we show that underpinned by molecular dynamics, MSRO in the alloys with low stacking-fault energies forms when loaded at 77 K, and these systems that offer different perspectives on the process of strain-induced ordering transition are driven by crystalline lattice defects (dislocations and stacking faults).
Nanozyme-reinforced hydrogel as a H2O2-driven oxygenerator for enhancing prosthetic interface osseointegration in rheumatoid arthritis therapy
Authors: Zhao Yue , Song Shanliang , Wang Dongdong , Liu He , Zhang Junmin , Li Zuhao , Wang Jincheng , Ren Xiangzhong , Zhao Yanli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStem cell-based therapy has drawn attention for enhancing the osseointegration efficiency after joint replacement in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, therapeutic efficacy of this approach is threatened by the accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and poor oxygen supply. Herein, we develop a nanozyme-reinforced hydrogel for reshaping the hostile RA microenvironment and improving prosthetic interface osseointegration. The engineered hydrogel not only scavenges endogenously over-expressed ROS, but also synergistically produces dissolved oxygen. Such performance enables the hydrogel to be utilized as an injectable delivery vehicle of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to protect implanted cells from ROS and hypoxia-mediated death and osteogenic limitation. This nanozyme-reinforced hydrogel encapsulated with BMSCs can alleviate the symptoms of RA, including suppression of local inflammatory cytokines and improvement of osseointegration. This work provides a strategy for solving the long-lasting challenge of stem cell transplantation and revolutionizes conventional intervention methods for improving prosthetic interface osseointegration in RA.
Age-induced prostaglandin E2 impairs mitochondrial fitness and increases mortality to influenza infection
Authors: Chen Judy , Deng Jane C. , Zemans Rachel L. , Bahmed Karim , Kosmider Beata , Zhang Min , Peters-Golden Marc , Goldstein Daniel R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAging impairs the immune responses to influenza A virus (IAV), resulting in increased mortality to IAV infections in older adults. However, the factors within the aged lung that compromise host defense to IAV remain unknown. Using a murine model and human samples, we identified prostaglandin E2(PGE2), as such a factor. Senescent type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are overproducers of PGE2within the aged lung. PGE2impairs the proliferation of alveolar macrophages (AMs), critical cells for defense against respiratory pathogens, via reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and mitophagy. Importantly, blockade of the PGE2receptor EP2 in aged mice improves AM mitochondrial function, increases AM numbers and enhances survival to IAV infection. In conclusion, our study reveals a key mechanism that compromises host defense to IAV, and possibly other respiratory infections, with aging and suggests potential new therapeutic or preventative avenues to protect against viral respiratory disease in older adults.
Immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: beyond checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Abdou Yara , Goudarzi Atta , Yu Jia Xin , Upadhaya Samik , Vincent Benjamin , Carey Lisa A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of immunotherapy agents has revolutionized the field of oncology. The only FDA-approved immunotherapeutic approach in breast cancer consists of immune checkpoint inhibitors, yet several novel immune-modulatory strategies are being actively studied and appear promising. Innovative immunotherapeutic strategies are urgently needed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer known for its poor prognosis and its resistance to conventional treatments. TNBC is more primed to respond to immunotherapy given the presence of more tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, higher PD-L1 expression, and higher tumor mutation burden relative to the other breast cancer subtypes, and therefore, immuno-oncology represents a key area of promise for TNBC research. The aim of this review is to highlight current data and ongoing efforts to establish the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches beyond checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC.