bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“this is my space / I am not movin”
Authors: Varlack Christopher Allen 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Throughout their literary careers, Langston Hughes and Ntozake Shange used poetry as a vehicle to address the prevalent social ills that affected the African American community during their time. In particular, they were concerned with the threat of the recolonization of Black spaces (minds, bodies, and/or physical territories) by white leaders in Jim Crow society. Tracing the ways in which their poetry not only archives the oppression of the Jim Crow era but resists it enables us to understand the resounding impact that Hughes and Shange alike have had on transforming the image of Black Americans in the US cultural imagination even today. This article therefore probes key works by these two literary lights in order to trace the thread of progressive activism in their works, their response to the threat of recolonization, and their representation of the beauty of Blackness as both a social and political act.
Isolation and identification of parasite Entamobea histolytica and Giardia lamblia from Euphrates river in AL-Nasiriyah city - southern Iraq
Authors: Jassas Hamssa Majed Mustafa Al , El-Jawhary Ihsan Flayyih Hasan , Ali Zainab Abd 
Published: March 2022

The current study was conducted in four stations on the banks of the Euphrates River for a full year from September (2020) to August (2021) for the purpose of diagnosing parasites Entamobea histolytica and Giardia lamblia .Water samples were taken in clean and sterile plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory. The sedimentation method for parasites and the loglual ioden method were used to diagnose the parasite. Entamobea histolytica parasite was isolated from station (st1) with a percentage of 18%, and (st2) it accounted for 39%,in while station (st3 )the precentage reached to 43%, Howeber station (st4) respictibely to 29%. The Giardia lamblia parasite was the least prevalent in the Euphrates River in station (st1), with apercent of 11.1%, in station (st2) reachd to 19%, but in station (st3) reached to25.6%, but in station (st4) was not found ,The results of the study also showed a concordance between air and water temperature in all study stations, the air temperature ranged between (37-16)°C and the water temperature ranged between (32-17)°C ,The statistical ftanalysis showed that there were significant differences ((P<0.05) between water and air temperatures in the four stations according to the months of the year.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN, KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI APARATUR DINAS PEMADAM KEBAKARAN DAN PENYELAMATAN KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU
Authors: Noviansyah  
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pelatihan, Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3) terhadap kinerja pegawai Aparatur Dinas Pemadam kebakaran dan Penyelamatan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu ( Studi Kasus Posko Kota Baturaja ). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear Berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara parsial variabel Pelatihan memiliki t-hitung (5.443) > t-tabel (1.985) maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya bahwa ada pengaruh Pelatihan terhadap kinerja pegawai Aparatur Dinas Pemadam kebakaran dan Penyelamatan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu ( Studi Kasus Posko Kota Baturaja ). Variabel Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) memiliki nilai t-hitung (9.538) > t-tabel (1.985) maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya bahwa ada pengaruh Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) terhadap kinerja pegawai Aparatur Dinas Pemadam kebakaran dan Penyelamatan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu ( Studi Kasus Posko Kota Baturaja ). Secara simultan didapatkan Fhitung sebesar 661.825. Jadi Fhitung 661.825 >Ftabel 3.09 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya secara simultan ada pengaruh Pelatihan dan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (k3) terhadap kinerja pegawai Aparatur Dinas Pemadam kebakaran dan Penyelamatan
PATTERN OF PRESENTATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF METASTATIC CARCINOMA PROSTATE IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY
Authors: Ullah Naqib , Iqbal Qaiser , Ahmad Shaman , Fareed Tauheed , Rehman Mati ur , Wahab Mehboob ul 
Published: March 2022

To share our experience of presentations and management of metastatic carcinoma prostate and its complications in tertiary care hospital in underdeveloped country.Methods:This is retrospective study conducted in institute of kidney diseases Peshawar from January 2017 to December 2020 .Patients were sampled through non probability randomized method mode of presentation ,diagnosis and management of metastatic carcinoma prostate complications were evaluated and analyzed .Results:There were 80 patients in the study ,63 patients opted for medical castration while in 17 patients bilateral orchidectomies done for androgen blockade . Docetoxil added long with ADT for androgen blockade in 12 patients who were labeled castrate resistant .12 patients present with urinary retention and channel TURP performed on them and 2 patients have hematuria due to mets in urinary bladder and 4 patients have skeletal metastasis and were managed in respective department. Conclusion:This study concludes that in under developed countries like Pakistan mostly patients of carcinoma prostate present in metastatic stage with multiple complications and most of complications can be managed in urology department in close collaboration with other specialized units.
Risk Factors Causing Ankle Sprain among undergraduate female students
Authors: Arslan Hafiz Rana Muhammad , Subhani Ali Hammad , Shahzad Hamza , Salik Sumbal , Khan Laila Niaz , Tariq Fatima , Ijaz Bushra 
Published: March 2022

High heeled shoes align the foot in planter flexion, modifying the relative orientation of the skeletal structures of ankle, metatarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints, and alter the insertion angles of the foot and gliding joint muscles, therefore increasing the risk factor for ankle sprain. Objective: Study conducted to determine Risk Factors Causing Ankle Sprain among undergraduate female students. Methods: Cross-Sectional study was conducted among 500 female students (Between ages 18-26 years) at Sargodha Medical College and completed in 06 months (June 2019-December 2019). Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect data and then entered to SPSS-25 for further statistical analysis. Result: Among 500 participants, Age 19.65±1.416 years. Mean height (m) 1.61±0.073, mean weight (kg) 57.37±10.4, Mean BMI was 22.02±3.6. Female experience ankle sprain (54%), not experienced ankle sprain (46%) Significant association found between Ankle Sprain and body mass index (BMI) as the P value was 0.014 which was <0.05. Female wearing high heel have 1.082 times greater chance of developing ankle sprain (OR 1.082). Female wearing high heel for long duration (4-6 hrs.) have 1.271 times greater chance of developing ankle sprain (OR 1.271), female wearing high heel (3-4 inches) have 1.072 times greater chance of developing ankle sprain (OR 1.072), female using Pencil heel have 1.281 times greater chance of developing ankle sprain (OR 1.281). Conclusion: Significant association found between Ankle Sprain and body mass index (BMI). Female wearing, high heel for long duration (4-6 hrs.), high heel (3-4 inches height), using Pencil heel have greater chance of developing ankle sprain.
The Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Pathogenesis of the Osteoarthritis
Authors: Riaz Yasir , Ateeque Rabia , Kawal Shazma , Sharif Hafiza Farkhanda , Arooj Arshia , Niaz Syed Muhammad , Hassan Muhammad Noor ul 
Published: March 2022

Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease characterized by the degeneration of articulating synovial joints. Osteoarthritis is more prevalent in women. It caused by ageing, pathophysiological situations, ecological factors, hormonal, environmental, and genetic factors. Epigenetic is “in addition to genetics. Epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA are important parameters in controlling quantity, location and timing of gene expression. The treatment available is only painkillers and anti-inflammatory. In this review, we discuss how these epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and find possible therapeutic targets in the prevention of disease. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression either by disturbing gene transcription or by acting post-transcription. In mammals DNA methylation is occur at Cp G dinucleotides at the outside of CpG. However cytosine is specifically methylated to 5-methylcytosine, later it can be transformed to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that plays a role in epigenetics. DNA methylation is mediated by DNA methyl-transferases (DNMT1,-3a, -3b). DNA methylation occur at CpGdinucleotides that clustered close to gene promoters and caused suppression of genes expression. Methylation modifications on promoter regions of these genes (MMP3, MMP9, MMP13 and ADAMTS-4) have been reported. In the promoter site of such enzymes the entire proportion of non-methylated sites in OA cartilage is increased. Histone modifications modify the chromatin assembly. Histone modifications include acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitination. Histone acetylation and deacetylation play a role in the pathophysiology of OA by disturbing chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic processes. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylation by histone deacetylases. HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC7) increase cartilage demolition. microRNAs (miRNAs) are single stranded RNA. miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of OA. After binding to target sequence, miRNAs silence genes either by cleavage of their respective target mRNA or by preventing gene translation. Many miRNA (miR-140, miR-9 etc) and some other RNAs such as piRNAs, snoRNAs and lncRNAs have role in OA progression. The deletion of a single miRNA, miR-140, has a clear developmental phenotype with an early onset OA. To date, epigenetic functions of lncRNAs in response to inflammation and in potentially regulating chondrocyte homeostasis are completely unknown.
Case C-275/92, Her Majesty’s Customs and Excise v. Gerhart and Jörg Schindler, [I994] ECR 1-1039.
Authors: Hatzopoulos Vassilis 
Published: March 2022

Some men gamble, some men drink,
some men lose all inhibitions.
But of those who are the gamblers,
some of them lose their clothes,
some of them win them back,
others put on the sackcloth.
(Carmina Burana, In the Tavern)
Defence procurement: The most effective way to grant illegal State Aid and get away with it... or is it?
Authors: Heuninckx Baudouin 
Published: March 2022

This article examines the ways in which the EC State aid rules apply to defence procurement in the EU and identifies the issues raised by the interplay between these two areas of the law.
The award of a public contract can be found to be State aid if it is not in the form of a “normal commercial transaction”. However, even though defence procurement generally has to comply with EC public procurement law, it can be subject to a number of exemptions for reasons of public security. This raises the issue of cross–subsidization from the military to the civil sector, which could be found to constitute State aid. Moreover, defence procurement contracts are often awarded without competition and include specific pricing mechanisms, and complex military equipment usually has no civil equivalent. These particularities make it difficult to compare the award of defence contracts with “normal commercial transactions”.
EC Member States usually do not consider possible interference between defence procurement and State aid rules. This creates the risk that defence contracts may have to be annulled if in breach of such rules, could undermine the regulation of State aid because of cross–subsidisation, and could also reduce the effectiveness of the EC policy to progressively open its defence market and render it more transparent.
This article therefore suggests how best EC Member States could implement a policy for the award of defence contracts without breaching the EC State aid rules.
“Thou shall not...(dis)trust”: Codes of Conduct and Harmonization of Professional Standards in the EU
Authors: Delimatsis Panagiotis 
Published: March 2022

In the absence of the country of origin principle and thus quasi-automatic mutual recognition, the creation of codes of conduct (CoC) at a European level as an alternative, soft-law method of rule-making acquires new dynamics. CoC are an example of self-regulation by associations of undertakings. CoC, while voluntary, soft-law instruments, are considered as partaking in the effort to increase the ‘awareness of Europeanness’; pursue legitimate objectives that are accepted as valid at EU level; and ultimately guarantee a high level of quality commensurate with the ever-increasing expectations of the EU citizens with a view to enhancing trust among MS as to the equivalence of services and service suppliers originating in other MS. Such rules of conduct, which are typically adopted by non-state bodies (professional associations) when they exercise their legal autonomy, can hinder the intra-EU free movement of professionals. Hence, liberalization of factor mobility enshrined in primary and secondary EU law can be jeopardized by the adoption and application of such codes, which are also foreseen in the Services Directive.
This paper aims to explore the impact of CoC on further liberalizing professional services within the EU. It critically reviews the soft-law approach adopted by the EU in this area. Finally, the paper analyses the possible content of such CoC and its compatibility with EU law, notably the rules on free movement and competition.
Online service providers and liability: A plea for a balanced approach
Authors: Van Eecke Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Internet access providers, online platforms and other intermediaries benefit from a protection against liability claims caused by end-users' illegal or harmful information. This liability limitation is enshrined in the 2000 Directive on Electronic Commerce, a directive considered crucial for a proper functioning of the internal market, the uptake of the information society and the protection of freedom of speech. Throughout the years, the liability protection for online intermediaries seems, however, to have been gradually carved out by case law, particularly on the Member State level. In recent cases, such as C- 236/08, Google France, and C-324/09, L'Oréal, the European Court of Justice has also interpreted relevant EU legislation. Online intermediaries are increasingly forced to monitor the activities of their users if they want to remain shielded from liability. Paradoxically, obliging online intermediaries to monitor the information transmitted or stored by users is forbidden by the same Directive on Electronic Commerce. This article proposes a balanced approach in which the intermediary protection regime can be safeguarded, whilst still protecting the rights of third parties whose rights may be infringed on the internet.
Just what is the scope of the essential facilities doctrine in the energy sector?: Third party access-friendly interpretation in the EU v. contractual freedom in the US
Authors: Talus Kim 
Published: March 2022

The application of EU competition law in the energy sector has intensified over the last few years. Article 102 TFEU and the essential facilities doctrine has been employed to change the way in which the European natural gas markets operate. Using a merits based approach to the essential facilities doctrine and transportation capacity contracts, the Commission is attempting to create a market structure capable of supporting competition. While the effect of this body of administrative cases is increasing opportunities for competition and as such can be seen as positive, the measures forced on the back of the essential facilities doctrine raise serious questions on its applicability and scope of actions it allows. A comparison to the case law in the United States shows a stark difference in the approach on the other side of the Atlantic. The Courts in the United States have been less willing to substitute the market-based mechanism with their own views about the most efficient market structure.
The Brussels I Regulation: Recent case law of the Court of Justice and the Commissions proposed recast
Authors: Hess Burkhard 
Published: March 2022

The European law of civil procedure is a steady process of evolution and improvement. Marked by growing cooperation between the civil courts of EU Member States, this area of law is now increasingly dominated by judicial competition and by constitutional influences: on the one hand, the judicial systems of the Member States aspire to attract litigation of high value (often by plaintiff-oriented rules), and on the other hand, the European Court of Justice elaborates its case law on the principles of access to justice, free movement of judgments and fair trial in cross-border litigation. At present, the reform of the Brussels I Regulation (Reg. 44/2001) is on the legislative agenda. The main task of the European law-makers is to update the Regulation in order to maintain the sound administration of justice within the European Judicial Area by limiting competition between national judicial systems which does not necessarily correspond to the interests of private litigants. This article describes the ECJ's case law and takes stock of the present state of affairs for the Brussels I Regulation which is the cornerstone of the European law of civil procedure.
A Comparative Study of Foliar and Soil potassium Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Strawberry Cultivated in Non-Heated Greenhouses
Authors: Chnoor Yousif Shkwr  , Khalid Hawzhin , Majeed Nigar 
Published: March 2022

This study has been conducted in the non-heated greenhouse of the of Protected agriculture department of the Bakrajo Technical Institute of -Sulaymaniyah Governorate during winter season of 2019 The purpose of this study to determine the effect of soil fertilization and foliar application of potassium with different rates ( 0 as control , 1.5 , 2.5 and 3.gm/L ) on strawberry cv. Rubygem growth and yield. The parameters recorded were number of leaf per plant, number of flower per plant, number of fruit per plant, weight of fruit (gm), total acidity % of fruit (T.A) and total soluble solid (TSS) of the fruit. According to the results of most of the parameters of this study the foliar application of the fertilizer (K) is better than applying the fertilizer of soil in most parameters. The highest value of number of leaf, flower, fruit and fruit weight gained from potassium in rate 1.5gm/L in both methods. While the highest value of total soluble solid (T.S.S) obtained from 3.5gm/L which was %12.87, and the highest value of T.A was significantly gained from the control which was % 0.51. As regards to interaction between soil and foliar fertilizer, the highest number of leaf was gained from control at foliar application without any significant value with the other rates, and the highest significant value in number of flower was gained from 1.5gm at foliar application. While the highest value of fruit weight was gained from foliar application with 3.5gm and soli fertilizer with 1.5gm of potassium without any significant value between the two treatments which are 21.72gm and 20.12gm successively, and the highest significant value of total acidity was gained from control at foliar application which is %0.54. As regards to total soluble solid the highest significant value was obtained from 3.5gm in soil fertilizer which is %14.25.
The Power of Law To Buy Land A Knock-Off Who Is Not Recognized For Sale Bought It By A Vendor’s Heir
Authors: Tutiek Retnowati  , Widyawati Boediningsih  
Published: March 2022

This study aims to findout and analyzed the form of proof of Proof in the deed Onderhands has the same power as an authentic deed if the content of the deed is not denied by the parties or in the other words acknowledge and do not deny the truth of what is written and the signatures of the parties in the agreement. The research method in this study uses normative research methods and uses a statute approach and conceptual approach. The result of this research is that in accordance with article 1857 BW, The power of proof of a deed underhand can be equated with an authenthic deed. A Buying and Selling agreement using a deed onderhands is valid if examined in article 1320 BW because it has fulfilled the elements in the legal requirements of the agreement. Second, Efforts to resolve disputes that can be carried out by the buyers is by filling a lawsuit for default at the distirct court, because the absolute requirement for making a Buying and Selling deed (AJB) by PPAT must be attended by the parties concerned. The panel of judges can issue a decision by giving permission to the buyer to register Petok D through a Buying and Selling in order to be able to take care of the transfer of name without the participation of the heirs in order to register a certificate of Land rights at the office of the national defense Agency.
The effects of spasticity on glucose metabolism and soft tissue body composition in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Atıcı Arzu , Akpınar Pınar , Aktaş İlknur , Ünlü Özkan Feyza , Neslihan Kurt Oktay Kübra , Sarı Aylin , Geler Külcü Duygu 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of spasticity on glucose metabolism and percentage of fat-free mass (FFM%) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Patients and methods: A total of 33 patients (22 males, 11 females; mean age: 38.6±12.5 years; range, 20 to 64 years) with SCI defined by the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale Grades A to D were included between September 2014 and May 2018. We assessed spasticity with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and evaluated spasms with the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS). We assessed the glucose metabolism by calculating the Matsuda and HOMA-IR index, and measured FFM% by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results: Fourteen patients had motor complete, and 19 had motor incomplete SCI. The neurological injury levels of the patients were C4-T12. There was a positive correlation between hip adductor muscle MAS and trunk, android, and gynoid FFM% and between hip extensor muscle MAS and android FFM% in patients with motor complete SCI. Hip extensor and knee flexor muscle MAS showed a negative correlation with the HOMA-IR. Hip adductor and extensor muscle MAS, as well as knee flexor and extensor muscle MAS, had a positive correlation with the Matsuda index in these patients. There was a positive correlation between knee extensor muscle MAS and gynoid FFM% and between PSFS and arms, trunk, gynoid, and total FFM% in patients with motor incomplete SCI. There was a negative correlation between hip adductor and extensor muscle MAS, PSFS, and level of fasting glucose in these patients.
Conclusion: This study supports the notion that spasticity has positive effects on the FFM% and glucose metabolism in patients with motor complete and incomplete SCI.