bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopic composition of the eastern gray whale epidermis indicates contribution of prey outside Arctic feeding grounds
Authors: Gelippi Michelle , Caraveo-Patiño Javier , Gauger Marco F. W. , Popp Brian N. , Panigada Simone , Marcín-Medina Rocío 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEastern gray whales’ distribution range and plasticity in feeding behavior complicates the understanding of critical life-history such as pregnancy and lactation. Our goal was to determine if females who experienced gestation, gave birth, and lactated their calves, assimilated a high proportion of benthic amphipods from the Bering Sea, which are considered the species’ main prey. We used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models to estimate the probability of contribution of food items sampled along the species’ distributional range, using isotopic data on amphipods from the Bering Sea, mysids from Vancouver Island, and amphipods and polychaetes from Ojo de Liebre Lagoon. We sampled epidermal tissue from lactating females (n = 25) and calves (n = 34) and analyzed their carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. Model outcome indicated that benthic amphipods from the Bering Sea were not the primary food for the eastern gray whale. Each mother performed a different feeding strategy, and prey from Vancouver Island were generally as important as that from the Bering Sea. Moreover, model results indicate a constant use of Ojo de Liebre Lagoon as a feeding ground. Our results appear to agree with previous studies that report continuous feeding by females to satisfy certain physiological requirements (e.g., fatty acids omega-6) during migration and breeding time. Future investigations of the isotopic composition of all those prey items that could be assimilated by the eastern gray whale emerge as critical. Both historical and recent information, that would provide insights in the species feeding ecology under past and present environmental conditions, should be considered as equally important to establish conservation and management plans.
Strain induced anisotropy in liquid phase epitaxy grown nickel ferrite on magnesium gallate substrates
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhou Peng , Regmi Sudhir , Bidthanapally Rao , Popov Maksym , Zhang Jitao , Zhang Wei , Page Michael R. , Zhang Tianjin , Gupta Arunava , Srinivasan Gopalan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work focuses on the nature of magnetic anisotropy in 2.5–16 micron thick films of nickel ferrite (NFO) grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The technique, ideal for rapid growth of epitaxial oxide films, was utilized for films on (100) and (110) substrates of magnesium gallate (MGO). The motivation was to investigate the dependence of the growth induced anisotropy field on film thickness since submicron films of NFO were reported to show a very high anisotropy. The films grown at 850–875 C and subsequently annealed at 1000 C were found to be epitaxial, with the out-of-plane lattice constant showing unanticipated decrease with increasing film thickness and the estimated in-plane lattice constant increasing with the film thickness. The uniaxial anisotropy field Hσ, estimated from X-ray diffraction data, ranged from 2.8–7.7 kOe with the films on (100) MGO having a higher Hσ value than for the films on (110) MGO. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements for in-plane and out-of-plane static magnetic field were utilized to determine both the magnetocrystalline the anisotropy field H4 and the uniaxial anisotropy field Ha. Values of H4 range from −0.24 to −0.86 kOe. The uniaxial anisotropy field Ha was an order of magnitude smaller than Hσ and it decreased with increasing film thickness for NFO films on (100) MGO, but Ha increased with film thickness for films on (110) MGO substrates. These observations indicate that the origin of the induced anisotropy could be attributed to several factors including (i) strain due to mismatch in the film-substrate lattice constants, (ii) possible variations in the bond lengths and bond angles in NFO during the growth process, and (iii) the strain arising from mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients of the film and the substrate due to the high growth and annealing temperatures involved in the LPE technique. The LPE films of NFO on MGO substrates studied in this work are of interest for use in high frequency devices.
Temperature-sensitive migration dynamics in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells
Authors: Khachaturyan Galina , Holle Andrew W. , Ende Karen , Frey Christoph , Schwederski Heiko A. , Eiseler Tim , Paschke Stephan , Micoulet Alexandre , Spatz Joachim P. , Kemkemer Ralf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCell migration plays an essential role in wound healing and inflammatory processes inside the human body. Peripheral blood neutrophils, a type of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), are the first cells to be activated during inflammation and subsequently migrate toward an injured tissue or infection site. This response is dependent on both biochemical signaling and the extracellular environment, one aspect of which includes increased temperature in the tissues surrounding the inflammation site. In our study, we analyzed temperature-dependent neutrophil migration using differentiated HL-60 cells. The migration speed of differentiated HL-60 cells was found to correlate positively with temperature from 30 to 42 °C, with higher temperatures inducing a concomitant increase in cell detachment. The migration persistence time of differentiated HL-60 cells was higher at lower temperatures (30–33 °C), while the migration persistence length stayed constant throughout the temperature range. Coupled with the increased speed observed at high temperatures, this suggests that neutrophils are primed to migrate more effectively at the elevated temperatures characteristic of inflammation. Temperature gradients exist on both cell and tissue scales. Taking this into consideration, we also investigated the ability of differentiated HL-60 cells to sense and react to the presence of temperature gradients, a process known as thermotaxis. Using a two-dimensional temperature gradient chamber with a range of 27–43 °C, we observed a migration bias parallel to the gradient, resulting in both positive and negative thermotaxis. To better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment in vivo, a three-dimensional collagen temperature gradient chamber was constructed, allowing observation of biased neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 migration toward the heat source.
Prognosis of patients with operated chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Posti Jussi P. , Luoto Teemu M. , Sipilä Jussi O. T. , Rautava Päivi , Kytö Ville 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), previously considered fairly benign and easy to treat, is now viewed a possible sign of incipient clinical decline. We investigated case-fatality, excess fatality and need for reoperations following operated cSDH in a nationwide setting focusing on patient-related characteristics. Finnish nationwide databases were searched for all admissions with operated cSDH as well as later deaths in adults (≥ 16 years) during 2004–2017. There were 8539 patients with an evacuated cSDH (68% men) with a mean age of 73.0 (± 12.8) years. During the follow-up, 3805 (45%) patients died. In-hospital case-fatality was 0.7% (n = 60) and 30-day case-fatality 4.2% (n = 358). The 1-year case-fatality was 14.3% (95% CI = 13.4–15.2%) among men and 15.3% (95% CI = 14.0–16.7%) among women. Comorbidity burden, older age, and alcoholism were significantly associated with fatality. One-year excess fatality rate compared to general Finnish population was 9.1% (95% CI = 8.4–9.9) among men and 10.3% (95% CI = 9.1–11.4) among women. Highest excess fatality was observed in the oldest age group in both genders. Reoperation was needed in 19.4% (n = 1588) of patients. Older age but not comorbidity burden or other patient-related characteristics were associated with increased risk for reoperation. The overall case-fatality and need for reoperations declined during the study era. Comorbidities should be considered when care and follow-up are planned in patients with cSDH. Our findings underpin the perception that the disease is more dangerous than previously thought and causes mortality in all exposed age groups: even a minor burden of comorbidities can be fatal in the post-operative period.
The mediating pathways between parental separation in childhood and offspring hypertension at midlife
Authors: Stannard Sebastian , Berrington Ann , Alwan Nisreen A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSocial life course determinants of adult hypertension are relatively unknown. This paper examines how parental separation before age 10 relates to hypertension at age 46. Adjusting for parental confounders and considering the role of adult mediators, we aim to quantify unexplored mediating pathways in childhood using prospectively collected data. Data from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study are utilised. Hypertension is measured by health care professionals at age 46. Potential mediating pathways in childhood include body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, illness, disability, family socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive and developmental indicators at age 10. Additionally, we explore to what extent childhood mediators operate through adult mediators, including health behaviours, family SES, BMI and mental wellbeing. We also test for effect modification of the relationship between parental separation and hypertension by gender. Nested logistic regression models test the significance of potential mediating variables. Formal mediation analysis utilising Karlson Holm and Breen (KHB) method quantify the direct and indirect effect of parental separation on offspring hypertension at midlife. There was an association between parental separation and hypertension in mid-life in women but not men. For women, family SES and cognitive and behavioural development indicators at age 10 partly mediate the relationship between parental separation and hypertension at age 46. When adult mediators including, health behaviours, family SES, BMI and mental wellbeing are included, the associations between the childhood predictors and adult hypertension are attenuated, suggesting that these childhood mediators in turn may work through adult mediators to affect the risk of hypertension in midlife. We found family SES in childhood, cognitive and behaviour development indicators at age 10, including disruptive behaviour, coordination and locus of control in childhood, to be important mediators of the relationship between parental separation and midlife hypertension suggesting that intervening in childhood may modify adult hypertension risk.
Using de novo genome assembly and high-throughput sequencing to characterize the MHC region in a non-model bird, the Eurasian coot
Authors: Pikus Ewa , Minias Piotr 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) form a key component of vertebrate adaptive immunity, as they code for molecules which bind antigens of intra- and extracellular pathogens (MHC class I and II, respectively) and present them to T cell receptors. In general, MHC genes are hyper-polymorphic and high MHC diversity is often maintained within natural populations (via balancing selection) and within individuals (via gene duplications). Because of its complex architecture with tandems of duplicated genes, characterization of MHC region in non-model vertebrate species still poses a major challenge. Here, we combined de novo genome assembly and high-throughput sequencing to characterize MHC polymorphism in a rallid bird species, the Eurasian coot Fulica atra. An analysis of genome assembly indicated high duplication rate at MHC-I, which was also supported by targeted sequencing of peptide-binding exons (at least five MHC-I loci genotyped). We found high allelic richness at both MHC-I and MHC-II, although signature of diversifying selection and recombination (gene conversion) was much stronger at MHC-II. Our results indicate that Eurasian coot retains extraordinary polymorphism at both MHC classes (when compared to other non-passerine bird species), although they may be subject to different evolutionary mechanism.
Differences in visual field loss pattern when transitioning from SITA standard to SITA faster
Authors: Le Christopher T. , Fiksel Jacob , Ramulu Pradeep , Yohannan Jithin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSwedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA) Faster is the most recent and fastest testing algorithm for the evaluation of Humphrey visual fields (VF). However, existing evidence suggests that there are some differences in global measures of VF loss in eyes transitioning from SITA Standard to the newer SITA Faster. These differences may be relevant, especially in glaucoma, where VF changes over time influence clinical decisions around treatment. Furthermore, characterization of differences in localizable VF loss patterns between algorithms, rather than global summary measures, can be important for clinician interpretation when transitioning testing strategies. In this study, we determined the effect of transitioning from SITA Standard to SITA Faster on VF loss patterns in glaucomatous eyes undergoing longitudinal VF testing in a real-world clinical setting. Archetypal analysis was used to derive composition weights of 16 clinically relevant VF patterns (i.e., archetypes (AT)) from patient VFs. We found switching from SITA Standard to SITA Faster was associated with less preservation of VF loss (i.e., abnormal AT 2–4, 6–9, 11, 13, 14) relative to successive SITA Standard exams (P value < 0.01) and was associated with relatively greater preservation of AT 1, the normal VF (P value < 0.01). Eyes that transition from SITA Standard to SITA Faster in a real-world clinical setting have an increased likelihood of preserving patterns reflecting a normal VF and lower tendency to preserve patterns reflecting abnormal VF as compared to consecutive SITA Standard exams in the same eye.
New fabrication method for di-indium tri-sulfuric (In2S3) thin films
Authors: Ali Ahmed I. , Ibrahim Medhat , Hassen A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDi-indium tri-sulfuric (In2S3) thin films are fabricated with annealing indium thin films in a sulfur environment. The effect of both annealing temperature and pressure on the structure, morphology, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of the prepared thin films showed different structural phases and morphology with varying annealing temperature and pressure. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the chemical composition and the atomic ratio of In/S for the In2S3 thin films. The optimum annealing conditions of In2S3 thin films are 550 °C and 100 Torr. The outcome results revealed a new good growth method for In2S3 thin films to be used for different applications.
Arrhythmogenic influence of mutations in a myocyte-based computational model of the pulmonary vein sleeve
Authors: Jæger Karoline Horgmo , Edwards Andrew G. , Giles Wayne R. , Tveito Aslak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the heart, electrophysiological dysregulation arises from defects at many biological levels (from point mutations in ion channel proteins to gross structural abnormalities). These defects disrupt the normal pattern of electrical activation, producing ectopic activity and reentrant arrhythmia. To interrogate mechanisms that link these primary biological defects to macroscopic electrophysiologic dysregulation most prior computational studies have utilized either (i) detailed models of myocyte ion channel dynamics at limited spatial scales, or (ii) homogenized models of action potential conduction that reproduce arrhythmic activity at tissue and organ levels. Here we apply our recent model (EMI), which integrates electrical activation and propagation across these scales, to study human atrial arrhythmias originating in the pulmonary vein (PV) sleeves. These small structures initiate most supraventricular arrhythmias and include pronounced myocyte-to-myocyte heterogeneities in ion channel expression and intercellular coupling. To test EMI’s cell-based architecture in this physiological context we asked whether ion channel mutations known to underlie atrial fibrillation are capable of initiating arrhythmogenic behavior via increased excitability or reentry in a schematic PV sleeve geometry. Our results illustrate that EMI’s improved spatial resolution can directly interrogate how electrophysiological changes at the individual myocyte level manifest in tissue and as arrhythmia in the PV sleeve.
Genetic diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in imported and domestic camels in Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Kafrawy Sherif A. , Hassan Ahmed M. , El-Daly Mai M. , Al-Hajri Mohammed , Farag Elmoubashar , Elnour Fatimah Ahmed , Khan Anas , Tolah Ahmed M. , Alandijany Thamir A. , Othman Noura A. , Memish Ziad A. , Corman Victor M. , Drosten Christian , Zumla Alimuddin , Azhar Esam I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCamels gained attention since the discovery of MERS-CoV as intermediary hosts for potentially epidemic zoonotic viruses. DcHEV is a novel zoonotic pathogen associated with camel contact. This study aimed to genetically characterize DcHEV in domestic and imported camels in Saudi Arabia. DcHEV was detected by RT-PCR in serum samples, PCR-positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. DcHEV was detected in 1.77% of samples with higher positivity in domestic DCs. All positive imported dromedaries were from Sudan with age declining prevalence. Domestic DcHEV sequences clustered with sequences from Kenya, Somalia, and UAE while imported sequences clustered with one DcHEV isolate from UAE and both sequences clustered away from isolates reported from Pakistan. Full-genome sequences showed 24 amino acid difference with reference sequences. Our results confirm the detection of DcHEV in domestic and imported DCs. Further investigations are needed in human and camel populations to identify DcHEV potential zoonosis threat.
Cell surface detection of vimentin, ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins reveals selective colocalization at primary cilia
Authors: Lalioti Vasiliki , González-Sanz Silvia , Lois-Bermejo Irene , González-Jiménez Patricia , Viedma-Poyatos Álvaro , Merino Andrea , Pajares María A. , Pérez-Sala Dolores 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mediates docking of the virus onto cells prior to viral invasion. Several cellular receptors facilitate SARS-CoV-2 Spike docking at the cell surface, of which ACE2 plays a key role in many cell types. The intermediate filament protein vimentin has been reported to be present at the surface of certain cells and act as a co-receptor for several viruses; furthermore, its potential involvement in interactions with Spike proteins has been proposed. Nevertheless, the potential colocalization of vimentin with Spike and its receptors on the cell surface has not been explored. Here we have assessed the binding of Spike protein constructs to several cell types. Incubation of cells with tagged Spike S or Spike S1 subunit led to discrete dotted patterns at the cell surface, which consistently colocalized with endogenous ACE2, but sparsely with a lipid raft marker. Vimentin immunoreactivity mostly appeared as spots or patches unevenly distributed at the surface of diverse cell types. Of note, vimentin could also be detected in extracellular particles and in the cytoplasm underlying areas of compromised plasma membrane. Interestingly, although overall colocalization of vimentin-positive spots with ACE2 or Spike was moderate, a selective enrichment of the three proteins was detected at elongated structures, positive for acetylated tubulin and ARL13B. These structures, consistent with primary cilia, concentrated Spike binding at the top of the cells. Our results suggest that a vimentin-Spike interaction could occur at selective locations of the cell surface, including ciliated structures, which can act as platforms for SARS-CoV-2 docking.
A special issue of Essays in Biochemistry on current educational developments in molecular bioscience
Authors: Mello Luciane V. , Watson Helen R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The 4th joint UK Biochemical Society and Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) education event, ‘Evolving Molecular Bioscience Education’ took place online on May 27 and 28, 2021. The event, continuing the biennial series, comprised the invited speakers’ talks, group discussions and other participants’ pre-recorded flash presentations. Although the UK dominated, there were also speakers and participants from other European countries and other continents. This special issue includes a varied collection of articles written by the speakers and other participants.
Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ng Wei Lin , McCabe Patricia , Heard Rob , Park Veronica , Murray Elizabeth , Thomas Donna 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of treatment outcomes in Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment (ReST) for childhood apraxia of speech through an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Method:
A systematic literature search identified nine ReST studies for inclusion. Individual participant data were obtained, and studies were coded for methodological design, baseline participant characteristics, service delivery factors, and treatment outcomes. Bivariate analyses were conducted to identify potential predictor variables. Multiple linear regressions were then performed to identify predictors of treatment outcomes.

Results:
Data for 36 participants from seven studies were included in the statistical analyses. In multivariate modeling, better performance on treated pseudowords posttreatment was predicted by higher baseline expressive language and Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation scores, lower speech inconsistency and percentage of vowels correct, and higher pretreatment accuracy on pseudoword targets. Better performance on untreated real words posttreatment was predicted by higher pretreatment accuracy on real words. Gains in performance and retention of gains were not significantly predicted by any individual variable or combination of variables.

Conclusions:
Baseline speech and expressive language skills and accuracy on pseudowords and real words were significant predictors of absolute posttreatment performance. Regardless of baseline characteristics, all children were statistically as likely to achieve gains during ReST and retain these gains for up to 4 weeks posttreatment. Large-scale prospective research is required to further examine the effects of dose frequency and co-occurring language impairments on treatment outcomes and the complex co-effects of percentage of vowels correct with other potential predictors.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19611714
Design of infinite‐dimensional distributed consensus filter for mobile sensor networks with packet losses
Authors: Xia Fuyang , Qian Xueming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, design of infinite dimensional distributed consensus filter is addressed for a class of spatially distributed processes utilising mobile sensor networks with multiple packet losses. The missing information is drawn into a sensor network in such a way that it conforms to a conditional probability distribution. A new framework for optimisation of mobile sensors is presented to enhance the performance of the filter. The goal of filtering issue is to construct a distributed consensus filter, for any possible measurements that are missing, such that the filtering error converge to bounded consensus in the mean square. Using the Lyapunov direct method and the spatial operator, certain sufficient criteria for the desired filter to satisfy the consensus performance criterion are developed. Lastly, a numerical simulation is performed to show that the suggested filter presented is effective.