bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tutte polynomial of phenylene systems with given number of branching hexagons
Authors: Chen Hanlin , Li Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolynomial graph invariants have been confirmed to have important applications in quantum chemistry and biological information. One of the famous polynomial graph invariants is the Tutte polynomial which gives abundant graph‐theoretical information of the underlying graph. In this paper, we first give a simpler and more efficient method to get the Tutte polynomials of alternating polycyclic chains. Then we obtain the explicit expressions for the Tutte polynomials and the number of spanning trees of phenylene systems with given number of branching hexagons. Moreover, we determine the extremal values of the number of spanning trees among the phenylene systems with given one branching hexagon and two branching hexagons. The corresponding extremal phenylene systems are characterized, respectively.
Carbon Nitride with Rationally Designed π‐Conjugated Structure for Bright Blue‐Violet Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: He Xingchen , Meng Lingqiang , Liu Yanliang , Zhang Xue , Cheng Ziqiang , Huang Hao , He Rui , Pan Hao , Kang Yihong , Li Jia , Wang Yiqing , Chu Paul K. , Xu Baomin , Wang Jiahong , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon nitride consisting of the broken π‐conjugated structure (bc‐CN) is designed as the emitting layer in a blue‐violet light emitting diode (LED). The bc‐CN is prepared by a metal‐oxide (MgO) template‐assisted method, in which the low reaction temperature and nano MgO jointly control the degree of polymerization to form cyano groups and broken π‐conjugation in the bc‐CN nanosheets (bc‐CN NS) which emit intense blue‐violet photoluminescence at 412 nm. The broken π‐conjugated heptazine‐ring structure in the bc‐CN NS mitigates non‐radiation energy loss and promotes the d*–LP transition. As a result, a high quantum efficiency of 73.1% is achieved. The excellent dispersing ability of the bc‐CN NS enables solution‐based fabrication of the light emitting diode (LED). The LED exhibits intense electroluminescence of 236 cd m−2 at 412 nm with an external quantum efficiency of 0.46%. The broken π‐conjugation modulates the optical properties of the polymerized carbon nitride semiconductor giving rise to intense blue‐violet electroluminescence, which is very desirable for printable and wide‐color‐gamut display devices.
Noble Metal‐Decorated Nanostructured Zinc Oxide: Strategies to Advance Chemiresistive Hydrogen Gas Sensing
Authors: Kamal Hossain Mohammad , Ahmed Drmosh Qasem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrogen (H2) is known as the key player in the alternative and renewable energy revolution and henceforth H2production, transportation, storage and usage have been a major interest of current research. However, due to severe safety concerns, strategies are indispensable to devise superior H2sensors, particularly selective and sensitive H2sensors. In this personal account, three specific gas sensing constructs; zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures‐, noble metal nanoparticles‐decorated ZnO‐ and noble metal nanoparticles‐decorated ZnO nanostructures on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐based H2sensors have been demonstrated. The dynamic response and H2sensing characteristics of ZnO nanostructures‐based H2sensors were found to be improved compared to those of pristine ZnO. High‐resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the flower‐like nanostructures that had higher surface area around the nanoscale petals. The mechanism behind the superior sensing characteristics of ZnO nanostructures‐based H2sensor has been demonstrated. Decoration of ZnO nanostructures with noble metal nanoparticles, particularly platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) was observed to be useful in achieving better H2sensing performance compared to that of ZnO nanostructures. The Pt‐ and Au‐decorated ZnO nanostructures followed the well‐known “Spill‐over” mechanism in enhancing the H2sensing characteristics. Abundant free electrons/holes generation and higher conductivity are two important parameters for designing selective and sensitive gas sensors. In this context, a hybrid nanocomposite, rGO−ZnO has been developed and decorated with noble metal nanoparticles, particularly Pt and Au. The ultimate sensing material has been characterized and compared to those of pristine ZnO, ZnO nanostructures and Pt‐ and Au‐decorated ZnO for H2gas sensing applications. Such systemic and focus strategies is critical not only for developing efficient H2gas sensors but also for better understanding the mechanisms underlying such superior performance.
Recent Advances in Synthesis of Multiply Arylated/Alkylated Pyridines
Authors: Reza Annisa Indah , Iwai Kento , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultiply aryl/alkyl‐substituted pyridines are some of the untapped synthetic targets because of the challenge in regioselectively introducing less polar aryl/alkyl groups at the desired positions in the pyridine framework. Interestingly, the importance of this family of compounds has increased annually, particularly in biological and materials engineering applications. The syntheses of such pyridines have been extensively reported, but there is a lack of comprehensive review articles. Hence, this review discusses recent advances by grouping reaction patterns that generally deliver tri‐, tetra‐, and penta‐aryl/alkyl pyridines.
Valvular endocarditis in a 10‐month‐old ewe lamb: The diagnostic benefits of on‐farm ultrasound examination
Authors: Kelly Robert F. , Morrison Linda R. , Castro Alberto Luque , Scott Philip R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractValvular endocarditis was diagnosed during a routine flock screen for ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in a 10‐month‐old ewe lamb with a 2‐month history of weight loss. Ultrasound examination demonstrated right caudoventral pleuritis presenting as hyperechoic thickening of the pleura and irregular hyperechoic lesions measuring approximately 12–15 mm, replacing the normal tricuspid and mitral valves. The sheep was euthanased for welfare reasons, with ultrasound findings confirmed on postmortem examination. Considering the poor prognosis and welfare concerns associated with the condition, this case report demonstrates the practicality of ultrasound to diagnose valvular endocarditis on‐farm and facilitate prompt euthanasia.
Non‐ and sub‐state climate action after Paris: From a facilitative regime to a contested governance landscape
Authors: Marquardt Jens , Fast Cornelia , Grimm Julia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Paris Agreement marks a significant milestone in international climate politics. With its adoption, Parties call for non‐ and sub‐state actors to contribute to the global climate agenda and close the emissions gap left by states. Such a facilitative setting embraces non‐state climate action through joint efforts, synergies, and different modes of collaboration. At the same time, non‐state actors have always played a critical and confrontational role in international climate governance. Based on a systematic literature review, we identify and critically assess the role of non‐state climate action in a facilitative post‐Paris climate governance regime. We thereby highlight three constitutive themes, namely different state‐non‐state relations, competing level of ambition, and a variety of knowledge foundations. We substantiate these themes, derived from an inductive analysis of existing literature, with illustrative examples and propose three paradigmatic non‐state actor roles in post‐Paris climate governance on a continuum between compliance and critique. We thereby highlight four particular threats of a facilitative setting, namely substitution of state action, co‐optation, tokenism, and depoliticization. Future research should not limit itself to an effective integration of NSSAs into a facilitative climate regime, but also engage with the merits of contestation.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
On the Effect of Fast Rotation and Vertical Viscosity on the Lifespan of the 3D Primitive Equations
Authors: Lin Quyuan , Liu Xin , Titi Edriss S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the effect of the fast rotation and vertical viscosity on the lifespan of solutions to the three-dimensional primitive equations (also known as the hydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations) with impermeable and stress-free boundary conditions. Firstly, for a short time interval, independent of the rate of rotation $$|\Omega |$$

|
Ω
|

, we establish the local well-posedness of solutions with initial data that is analytic in the horizontal variables and only $$L^2$$

L
2

in the vertical variable. Moreover, it is shown that the solutions immediately become analytic in all the variables with increasing-in-time (at least linearly) radius of analyticity in the vertical variable for as long as the solutions exist. On the other hand, the radius of analyticity in the horizontal variables might decrease with time, but as long as it remains positive the solution exists. Secondly, with fast rotation, i.e., large $$|\Omega |$$

|
Ω
|

, we show that the existence time of the solution can be prolonged, with “well-prepared” initial data. Finally, in the case of two spatial dimensions with $$\Omega =0$$

Ω
=
0

, we establish the global well-posedness provided that the initial data is small enough. The smallness condition on the initial data depends on the vertical viscosity and the initial radius of analyticity in the horizontal variables.
ERC-ESICM-Leitlinien zur Temperaturkontrolle nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand
Authors: Fischer Marlene , Kainz Elena 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council (ERC), die 2021 veröffentlicht wurden, empfehlen eine aktive Temperaturkontrolle zwischen 32 und 36 °C für alle erwachsenen Patient:innen, die nach Wiedererlangen des Spontankreislaufs nach prä- oder innerklinischer Reanimation das Bewusstsein nicht wiedererlangen.Wenige Wochen nach Veröffentlichung der Leitlinien 2021 wurde die TTM2-Studie publiziert, in der kein signifikanter Unterschied im Hinblick auf das Überleben oder das funktionelle Outcome nach sechs Monaten zwischen einer Zieltemperatur von 33 °C und einer Fiebervermeidung nach außerklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand festgestellt worden war.Als Antwort auf die zusätzliche Evidenz durch die TTM2-Studie nahm die Advanced Life Support Task Force des International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) eine Reevaluation der aktuellen Datenlage vor, die in einer überarbeiteten Empfehlung zur Temperaturkontrolle nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand bei Erwachsenen resultierte. Der aktuelle Artikel fasst die aktualisierten Leitlinien zusammen und diskutiert kritische Aspekte der neuen Empfehlungen.
A new approach to the classification of carcinogenicity
Authors: Doe John E. , Boobis Alan R. , Cohen Samuel M. , Dellarco Vicki L. , Fenner-Crisp Penelope A. , Moretto Angelo , Pastoor Timothy P. , Schoeny Rita S. , Seed Jennifer G. , Wolf Douglas C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConcern over substances that may cause cancer has led to various classification schemes to recognize carcinogenic threats and provide a basis to manage those threats. The least useful schemes have a binary choice that declares a substance carcinogenic or not. This overly simplistic approach ignores the complexity of cancer causation by considering neither how the substance causes cancer, nor the potency of that mode of action. Consequently, substances are classified simply as “carcinogenic”, compromising the opportunity to properly manage these kinds of substances. It will likely be very difficult, if not impossible, to incorporate New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) into binary schemes. In this paper we propose a new approach cancer classification scheme that segregates substances by both mode of action and potency into three categories and, as a consequence, provides useful guidance in the regulation and management of substances with carcinogenic potential. Examples are given, including aflatoxin (category A), trichlorethylene (category B), and titanium dioxide (category C), which demonstrate the clear differentiation among these substances that generate appropriate levels of concern and management options.
Advanced‐Stage Melanoma at Presentation Following the Peak of the Pandemic: A COVID‐19 Cancer Canary in a Coal Mine
Authors: Lamm Ryan , Lyons Walker , So Winnie , Willis Alliric I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor melanoma patients, timely identification and tumor thickness are directly correlated with outcomes. COVID‐19 impacted both patients’ ability and desire to see physicians. We sought to identify whether the pandemic correlated with changes in melanoma thickness at presentation and subsequent treatment timeline.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent surgery for melanoma in an academic center surgical oncology practice from May 2019 to September 2021. Patients were split into two cohorts: “pre‐pandemic” from May 2019 to May 2020 and “pandemic,” after May 2020, representing when these patients received their initial diagnostic biopsy. Demographic and melanoma‐specific variables were recorded and analyzed.ResultsA total of 112 patients were identified: 51 patients from the “pre‐pandemic” and 61 from the “pandemic” time period. The pandemic cohort more frequently presented with lesions greater than 1 mm thickness compared to pre‐pandemic (68.8% v 49%, p = 0.033) and were found to have significantly more advanced T stage (p = 0.02) and overall stage disease (p = 0.022). Additionally, trends show that for pandemic patients more time passed from patient‐reported lesion appearance/change to diagnostic biopsy (5.7 ± 2.0 v 7.1 ± 1.5 months, p = 0.581), but less time from biopsy to operation (42.9 ± 2.4 v 52.9 ± 5.0 days, p = 0.06).Conclusions“Pandemic” patients presented with thicker melanoma lesions and more advanced‐stage disease. These results may portend a dangerous trend toward later stage at presentation, for melanoma and other cancers with rapid growth patterns, that will emerge as the prolonged effects of the pandemic continue to impact patients’ presentation for medical care.
Photobacterium arenosum WH24, Isolated from the Gill of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas from the North Sea of Germany: Co-cultivation and Prediction of Virulence
Authors: Pira Hani , Risdian Chandra , Müsken Mathias , Schupp Peter J. , Wink Joachim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCream colored bacteria from marine agar, strain WH24, WH77, and WH80 were isolated from the gill of the Crassostrea gigas a Pacific oyster with a filter-feeding habit that compels accompanying bacteria to demonstrate a high metabolic capacity, has proven able to colonize locations with changing circumstances. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, all strains had high similarity to Photobacterium arenosum CAU 1568T (99.72%). This study involved phenotypic traits, phylogenetic analysis, antimicrobial activity evaluation, genome mining, Co-cultivation experiments, and chemical studies of crude extracts using HPLC and LC-HRESIMS. Photobacterium arenosum WH24 and Zooshikella harenae WH53Twere co-cultivated for 3 days in a rotary shaker at 160 rpm at 30 °C, and LC-MS monitored the chemical profiles of the co-cultures on the third day. The UV chromatograms of the extracts of the co-cultivation experiments show that Zooshikella harenae WH53T could be inhibited by strain WH24. The high virulence of Photobacterium arenosum WH24 was confirmed by genome analysis. Gene groups with high virulence potential were detected: tssA (ImpA), tssB (ImpB/vipA), tssC (ImpC/vipB), tssE, tssF (ImpG/vasA), tssG (ImpH/vasB), tssM (IcmF/vasK), tssJ (vasD), tssK (ImpJ/vasE), tssL (ImpK/vasF), clpV (tssH), vasH, hcp, lapP, plpD, and tpsB family.
A lifestyle score in childhood and adolescence was positively associated with subsequently measured fluid intelligence in the DONALD cohort study
Authors: Schnermann Maike Elena , Schulz Christina-Alexandra , Ludwig Christine , Alexy Ute , Nöthlings Ute 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lifestyle scores which combine single factors such as diet, activity, or sleep duration showed associations with cognitive decline in adults. However, the role of a favourable lifestyle in younger age and the build-up of cognitive reserve is less clear, which is why we investigated longitudinal associations between a lifestyle score in childhood and adolescence and fluid intelligence obtained on average 6 years later.

Methods
In the DONALD cohort, a lifestyle score of 0 to 4 points including healthy diet and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep was repeatedly assessed in participants aged 5 and 19 years. Data on fluid intelligence were assessed via a German version of the culture fair intelligence test (CFT), using CFT 1-R in children 8.5 years of age or younger (n = 62) or CFT 20-R in participants older than 8.5 years (n = 192). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate prospective associations between the lifestyle score and the fluid intelligence score.

Results
Mean lifestyle score of all participants was 2.2 (0.7–4) points. A one-point increase in the lifestyle score was associated with a higher fluid intelligence score (4.8 points [0.3–7.3], p = 0.0343) for participants completing the CFT 20-R. Furthermore, each additional hour of sedentary behaviour was associated with a lower fluid intelligence score (− 3.0 points [− 5.7 to − 0.3], p = 0.0313). For younger participants (CFT 1-R), no association was found in any analysis (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
A healthy lifestyle was positively associated with fluid intelligence, whereby sedentary behaviour itself seemed to play a prominent role.
Cardiovascular medication seems to promote recovery of autonomic dysfunction after stroke
Authors: Wang Ruihao , Köhrmann Martin , Kollmar Rainer , Koehn Julia , Schwab Stefan , Kallmünzer Bernd , Hilz Max J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundStroke may compromise cardiovascular–autonomic modulation (CAM). The longitudinal post-stroke CAM alterations remain unclear as previous studies excluded patients with cardiovascular medication. This study evaluated whether CAM dysfunction improves after several months in patients under typical clinical conditions, i.e., without excluding patients with cardiovascular medication.MethodsIn 82 ischemic stroke patients [33 women, 64.9 ± 8.9 years, NIHSS-scores 2 (interquartile range 1–5)], we evaluated the applications of cardiovascular medication before stroke, during autonomic tests performed within 1 week, 3 and 6 months after stroke onset. We determined resting RR intervals (RRI), systolic, diastolic blood pressures (BPsys), respiration, parameters reflecting total CAM [RRI-standard deviation (RRI-SD), RRI-total powers], sympathetic [RRI-low-frequency powers (RRI-LF), BPsys-LF powers] and parasympathetic CAM [RMSSD, RRI-high-frequency powers (RRI-HF powers)], and baroreflex sensitivity. ANOVA or Friedman tests with post hoc analyses compared patient data with data of 30 healthy controls, significance was assumed forP < 0.05.ResultsMore patients had antihypertensive medication after than before stroke. First-week CAM testing showed lower RRIs, RMSSD, RRI-SDs, RRI-total powers, RRI-HF powers, and baroreflex sensitivity, but higher BPsys-LF powers in patients than controls. After 3 and 6 months, patients had significantly higher RRIs, RRI-SDs, RRI-total powers, RMSSDs, RRI-HF powers, and baroreflex sensitivity, but lower BPsys-LF powers than in the 1st week; RMSSDs and RRI-HF powers no longer differed between patients and controls. However, 6-month values of RRIs, RRI-SDs, and baroreflex sensitivity were again lower in patients than controls.ConclusionsEven mild strokes compromised cardiovagal modulation and baroreflex sensitivity. After 3 months, CAM had almost completely recovered. Recovery might be related to the mild stroke severity. Presumably, CAM recovery was also promoted by the increased application of cardiovascular medication. Yet, slight CAM dysfunction after 6 months suggests continuing autonomic vulnerability.
The Escalation of Organizational Moral Failure in Public Discourse: A Semiotic Analysis of Nokia’s Bochum Plant Closure
Authors: Wessel Lauri , Ruotsalainen Riku , Schildt Henri A. , Wickert Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examine the processes involved in the escalation of a plant closure from a local concern to a perceived organizational moral failure that commands national attention. Our empirical case covers the controversy over the decision of telecommunications giant Nokia to close a plant in Germany, despite having received significant state subsidies, and the relocation of production to Hungary and Romania. We conducted an inductive study that utilizes a semiotic analysis to identify how various actors framed the controversial plant closure and sought to cast it as moral failure. Our analysis uncovered two distinctive moral framings of the plant closure and revealed how key actors used evocative labels to frame these events in moral terms. These moral framings drew in additional stakeholders, generated more widespread media coverage, and turned the case into an organizational moral failure in the eyes of the national public. We contribute to the literature on organizational moral failure by theorizing its escalating process and elaborating why and how local events may become moral issues of interest to broader stakeholder groups.
Beyond Rational Persuasion: How Leaders Change Moral Norms
Authors: Spinosa Charles , Hancocks Matthew , Tsoukas Haridimos , Glennon Billy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScholars are increasingly examining how formal leaders of organizations change moral norms. The prominent accounts over-emphasize the role of rational persuasion. We focus, instead, on how formal leaders successfully break and thereby create moral norms. We draw on Dreyfus’s ontology of cultural paradigms and Williams’s moral luck to develop our framework for viewing leader-driven radical norm the change. We argue that formal leaders, embedded in their practices’ grounding, clarifying, and organizing norms, get captivated by anomalies and respond to them by taking moral risks, which, if practically successful, create a new normative order. We illustrate the framework with Churchill’s actions in 1940 and Anita Roddick’s Body Shop. Last, we discuss normative orders, when ordinary leaders change norms, evil, and further research.