bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault ride-through capability improvement in a DFIG-based wind turbine using modified ADRC
Authors: Mosayyebi Seyed Reza , Shahalami Seyed Hamid , Mojallali Hamed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an overview of several strategies for fault ride-through (FRT) capability improvement of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine is presented. Uncertainties and parameter variations have adverse effects on the performance of these strategies. It is desirable to use a control method that is robust to such disturbances. Auto disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is one of the most common methods for eliminating the effects of disturbances. To improve the performance of the conventional ADRC, a modified ADRC is introduced that is more robust to disturbances and offers better responses. The non-derivability of the fal function used in the conventional ADRC degrades its efficiency, so the modified ADRC uses alternative functions that are derivable at all points, i.e., the odd trigonometric and hyperbolic functions (arcsinh, arctan, and tanh). To improve the efficiency of the proposed ADRC, fuzzy logic and fractional-order functions are used simultaneously. In fuzzy fractional-order ADRC (FFOADRC), all disturbances are evaluated using a nonlinear fractional-order extended state observer (NFESO). The performance of the suggested structure is investigated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that during disturbances such as network voltage sag/swell, using the modified ADRCs leads to smaller fluctuations in stator flux amplitude and DC-link voltage, lower variations in DFIG velocity, and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator current. This demonstrates the superiority over conventional ADRC and a proportional-integral (PI) controller. Also, by changing the crowbar resistance and using the modified ADRCs, the peak values of the waveforms (torque and currents) can be controlled at the moment of fault occurrence with no significant distortion.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among pulmonary TB patients attending public hospitals in Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria: a four-year retrospective study
Authors: Danlami Mohammed Bashar , Basiru Aliyu , Tajjudeen Yahaya , Bazata Abbas Yusuf , Gulumbe Bashar Haruna , Mohammed Musa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In Nigeria, effective case management and evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes are an integral part of controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The study reviewed the treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis and the factors associated with rates of successful and unsuccessful treatment outcomes in the 21 referral hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Methods
Documented records of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from January 2018 to December 2021 in 21 Local Area Councils in Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria were reviewed. A structured questionnaire collated the socio-demographic and clinical data from the documented records. Descriptive statistics were used to compute and analyse the outcomes of successful and unsuccessful treatment. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association of socio-demographic and clinical data with the unsuccessful treatment outcomes.

Results
The study reviewed data from 6114 records of TB patients. 1161 (18.9%) started treatment, 963 (82.9%) were males and 198 (17.1%) were females. Of the 1161 patients, 985 (18.2%) had documented treatment outcomes. 932 of 985 (95.1%) had a pulmonary infection. 64 (5.8%) patients with documented treatment outcomes were HIV seropositive. 903 (91.7%) were successfully treated, and 82 (8.3%) failed. Of the patients with failed treatment outcomes, 15 (1.5%) were lost to follow-up, 43 (4.4%) defaulted and 24 (2.4%) died. In the logistic analysis, the odds of unsuccessful treatment outcomes were higher among elderly patients (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.37–2.92), patients with extrapulmonary infections (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12–5.39), and with old cases of pulmonary TB (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.47–7.19) when compared to their groups.

Conclusions
The study reported a treatment success rate of 91.7% among TB patients attending public hospitals in Kebbi State. The outcome was higher than the projected success rate of 85% set by the WHO. However, one-fourth of the total patients reviewed were not documented for treatment. Therefore, the need to design an appropriate recruitment strategy to identify and enrol those patients for an effective and successful TB control program in Nigeria.
The role of ghrelin peptide among a sample of Egyptian patients with first episode of major depressive disorder
Authors: Okasha Tarek A. , El-Gabry Dina Aly , Ali Marim H. , Gabrielle Fiby F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prominent psychiatric disorder that significantly reduces living quality and increases the risk of suicide. Ghrelin influences the central nervous system (CNS) and impacts reward, inspiration, and signaling pathways in addition to acting as an appetite signal. This case-controlled comparative study focused on the association between serum ghrelin levels and MDD. The study was done during September 2021 and March 2022 on 25 people with MDD and 25 healthy controls. SCID-1 and the Ham-D 17 scales were used to evaluate the cases. The GHQ scale was used to evaluate the controls. The serum ghrelin levels of all samples were determined. The findings were presented, and statistically analyzed to perform an accurate assessment.

Results
There were 50 subjects: 25 cases of MDD and 25 healthy matched controls with non-statistically significant difference to cases as regard gender, marital status, residence, education, age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Total serum ghrelin levels among our cases showed a mean value of 4.152, while the controls showed markedly low values, with a mean value of 0.436, showing a statistically significant difference between both groups with p < 0.001. Furthermore, Post Hoc analysis by least significant difference showed a significant difference between mild-severe and moderate-severe groups, although there was no statistically significant difference between mild and moderate groups.

Conclusions
There was a significant indirect correlation between serum ghrelin level and severity of the illness. Further investigations via longitudinal studies and on larger samples are recommended to settle specific causal paths between the two variables.
Intracranial emergencies in neurosurgical oncology: pathophysiology and clinical management
Authors: Faraj Christina Abi , Snyder Rita I. , McCutcheon Ian E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntracranial tumors pose a challenge in neurosurgery, especially when patients present emergently or require emergency surgery. Tackling an acute change in the patient’s mental status is the primary reason for seeking an emergency surgery in the setting of an intracranial tumor. In addressing tumor-related complications, the aim of surgery is to relieve elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), confirm a diagnosis, improve or stabilize function, and extend the patient’s life by preventing herniation.Tumors and peritumoral edema form a space-occupying lesion that causes mass effect on nearby structures and elevates ICP. Surgical management involves (1) external ventricular drain (EVD) placement to monitor ICP, lower the volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and temporarily treat intracranial hypertension, (2) resection of the space-occupying mass responsible for the rise in ICP, and (3) in some patients, decompressive craniectomy (DC). Patients with brain tumors may also present with hydrocephalus due to the tumor’s obstructing CSF flow or disrupting CSF absorption. Tumors also cause tumor-associated epilepsy (TAE) and status epilepticus (TASE). TASE is a life-threatening condition characterized by an abnormally prolonged generalized seizure (or a chain of multiple seizures) without recovery of consciousness to baseline. Time is of the essence when managing TAE and TASE, and surgical resection of the tumor-associated epileptogenic focus can be curative. Brain tumors and their treatment can also provoke ischemic stroke, intratumoral hemorrhage, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis depending on their location. Hemorrhagic infarction of pituitary adenomas leading to rapid expansion of the sellar region and acute pituitary gland dysfunction is known as pituitary apoplexy. Here, optimizing the patient’s hemodynamic status and treating adrenal insufficiency are crucial upon presentation. Emergency surgical resection plays an important role in saving nearby neurovascular entities when conservative treatment proves inadequate. Finally, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) occur as a result of immunologic compromise caused by the tumor itself or by its treatment.In conclusion, in severe and rapidly progressing cases in which the patient presents with altered mental status and neurologic deficits, an emergency neurosurgical procedure is indicated for removal of the cause(s) of the excess ICP, protection of brain function, and monitoring of ICP.
Use of Instrumental Variable Analyses for Evaluating Comparative Effectiveness in Empirical Applications of Oncology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lu Brandon , Thomson Sasha , Blommaert Scott , Tadrous Mina , Earle Craig C. , Chan Kelvin K.W. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE This systematic review aims to characterize the use and trends of instrumental variables (IVs) in oncology research, assess the quality and completeness of IV reporting, and evaluate the agreement and interpretation of IV results in comparison with other techniques used for determining comparative effectiveness in observational research. METHODS We performed a systematic search of observational empirical oncology papers evaluating the comparative effectiveness of cancer treatments using IV methods. EMBASE and MEDLINE (through June 2021) were used for a keyword search; Scopus and Web of Science were used for a citation search. Publication details and characteristics of IV analysis and reporting were extracted from each study to examine the uptake and quality of IV applications. RESULTS Sixty-five empirical papers were identified from February 2001 through June 2021. Geographic variation (50.8%) was the most common type of IV used, and the majority of IV applications constructed binary instruments (53.8%). Concurrent analyses using another non-IV method to adjust for confounding were conducted in 56 (86.2%) studies, 17 (30.4%) of which produced results divergent from IV approaches. We observed a modest uptake of IV methods between 2011 and 2021 together with its dissemination, which remained fairly limited to the United States (76.9%). The quality and completeness of IV reporting varied greatly. The underlying assumptions required for a valid IV analysis were only accounted for in full by 20 (30.8%) studies. CONCLUSION There are limited use and variable quality of IV analyses in oncology. Future research should look to establish standards to better facilitate the quality, transparency, and completeness of IV reporting in this setting.
Follow-Up of Patients After Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Cell Autotransplantation at Off-Site Islet Isolation Facility
Authors: Lad Saloni U , Ali Khawla F , Johnston Philip C , San Martin Vicente T , Bottino Rita , Lin Yu Kuei , Walsh R Matthew , Stevens Tyler , Tu Chao , Hatipoglu Betul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is a definitive management for intractable pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Islet autotransplantation (IAT) allows for the preservation of beta cells to prevent complications of long-term diabetes.

Objective
Our study follows TPIAT recipients for up to 12 years to determine the efficacy of the procedure completed with an off-site islet isolation facility.

Methods
Patient demographics, mixed meal tolerance test measures, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin requirements, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values were collected prior to surgery and at the most recent follow-up assessment.

Results
Forty-four patients (median age, 46.0 years; range, 20-78 years) underwent TPIAT for CP. At an overall median follow-up time of 845.5 days (range, 195-4470 days) 8 patients were insulin independent and 36 patients were insulin dependent. At the most recent follow-up time point, islet yield per kilogram was the strongest indicator of insulin independence. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values were comparable between insulin independent and dependent cohorts.

Conclusions
Our long-term follow-up data suggest that IAT can effectively reduce insulin requirements and improve postoperative glycemic control.
Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels on Renal Function: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Adi Manel , Ghanbari Faegheh , Downie Mallory L , Hung Adriana , Robinson-Cohen Cassiane , Manousaki Despoina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
Observational studies investigating the role of vitamin D in renal function have yielded inconsistent results.

Objective
We tested whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) serum levels are associated with renal function, and inversely, whether altered renal function causes changes in 25(OH)D, using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods
In this two-sample MR study, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with 25(OH)D in 443 734 Europeans and evaluated their effects on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk and progression in genome-wide association studies totaling over 1 million Europeans. To control for pleiotropy, we also used SNPs solely in DHCR7, CYP2R1, and GC, all genes with known roles in vitamin D metabolism. We performed a reverse MR, using SNPs for the above indices of renal function to study causal effects on 25(OH)D levels.

Results
We did not find robust evidence supporting effects of 25(OH)D on eGFR, BUN, and CKD or its progression. Our inverse variance weighted MR demonstrated a 0.56 decrease in standardized log-transformed 25(OH)D (95% CI −0.73, −0.41; P = 2.89 × 10−12) per unit increase in log-transformed eGFR. Increased BUN was associated with increased 25(OH)D (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15, 0.36; P = 4.12 × 10−6 per unit increase in log-transformed BUN). Finally, genetically predicted CKD conferred a 0.05 increase in standardized log-transformed 25(OH)D level (95% CI 0.04, 0.06; P = 1.06 × 10−13). Other MR methods confirmed the findings of the main analyses.

Conclusion
Genetically predicted CKD, increased BUN, and decreased eGFR are associated with increased 25(OH)D levels, but we found no causal effect of 25(OH)D on renal function in Europeans.
Fiber-Optic Intracranial Pressure Monitoring System Using Wi-Fi—An In Vivo Study
Authors: da Silva Junior Erasmo Barros , Hamasaki Eder Eidi , Smaili Hamzah Youssef , Wozniak Arthur , Tristão Enézio Satoru Yoshida , Loureiro Marcelo de Paula , Milano Jerônimo Buzetti , de Meneses Murilo Sousa , de Oliveira Rafael Martinelli , Ramina Ricardo 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Continuous invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential in neurocritical care for surveillance and management of raised ICP. Fluid-based systems and strain gauge microsensors remain the current standard. In the past few decades, several studies with wireless monitoring were developed aiming to reduce invasiveness and complications.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe a novel Wi-Fi fiber-optic device for continuous ICP monitoring using smartphone in a swine model.

METHODS:
Two ICP sensors (wireless prototype and wire-based reference) were implanted in the cerebral parenchyma of a swine model for a total of 120 minutes of continuous monitoring. Every 5 minutes, jugular veins compression was performed to evaluate ICP changes. The experimentation was divided in 3 phases for comparison and analysis.

RESULTS:
Phase 1 showed agreement in ICP changes for both sensors during jugular compression and releasing, with a positive and strong Spearman correlation (r = 0.829, P < .001). Phase 2 started after inversion of the sensors in the burr holes; there was a positive and moderately weak Spearman correlation (r = 0.262, P < .001). For phase 3, the sensors were returned to the first burr holes; the prototype behaved similarly to the reference sensor, presenting a positive and moderately strong Spearman correlation (r = 0.669, P < .001).

CONCLUSION:
A Wi-Fi ICP monitoring system was demonstrated in a comprehensive and feasible way. It was possible to observe, using smartphone, an adequate correlation regarding ICP variations. Further adaptations are already being developed.
Incidence and Outcome of Peri-interventional Vasospasm During Endovascular or Microsurgical Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Grüter Basil E. , Wanderer Stefan , Andereggen Lukas , Tortora Angelo , Gruber Philipp , Anon Javier , Diepers Michael , Schubert Gerrit , Remonda Luca , Marbacher Serge 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Peri-interventional vasospasm (PIVS) is associated with high risk of delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), delayed cerebral ischemia, and poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the incidence rate associated with treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To define the incidence and clinical significance of PIVS in UIA repair based on intraoperative/peri-interventional digital subtraction angiography.

METHODS:
A consecutive series of 205 patients who underwent UIA treatment by means of microsurgical clipping (n = 109) or endovascular coil embolization (n = 96) was assessed for the occurrence of PIVS. In all cases, PIVS was detected, measured, and classified using intraoperative/peri-interventional digital subtraction angiography. Severity of PIVS, association of PIVS with the development of DCVS, and neurological outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Intraoperative PIVS was present in n = 14/109 (13%) patients with microsurgical clipping. Of these, caliber irregularities were mild (n = 10), moderate (n = 3), and severe (n = 1). In endovascularly treated patients, 6/96 (6%) developed PIVS, which were either mild (n = 3) or moderate (n = 3). Management in all cases included immediate intensive blood pressure management and application of topical papaverine or intra-arterial nimodipine immediately on detection of PIVS. No patient developed DCVS or lasting neurological deficits attributable to PIVS.

CONCLUSION:
This series revealed a relatively high overall incidence of PIVS (10%). However, no association of PIVS with the development of DCVS or poor outcome was found. In contrast to ruptured intracranial aneurysms, PIVS in unruptured intracranial aneurysms—if immediately and adequately addressed—seems to be benign and without sequelae for patient's functional outcome.
Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Angiography as an Alternative Tool to Digital Subtraction Angiography in the Follow-up of Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization Outcomes
Authors: Umemura Takeru , Hatano Taketo , Ogura Takenori , Miyata Takeshi , Agawa Yuji , Nakajima Hiroaki , Sakamoto Hiroki , Nakazawa Yusuke , Shiomi Koji , Koga Noriyuki , Nagahori Takashi , Shiraishi Wataru , Nagata Izumi 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Follow-up of aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization has been performed using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) because in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, metal artifacts from the stent often affect visualization.

OBJECTIVE:
To confirm whether ultrashort echo time (TE) MRA may be an alternative for DSA during follow-up.

METHODS:
Patients with unruptured aneurysms initially treated with stent-assisted coil embolization between April 2019 and March 2021 were enrolled. After 3 months of treatment, follow-up DSA and ultrashort TE MRA were performed. All images were independently reviewed by neurosurgeons to evaluate in-stent flow and rated from 1 (not visible) to 4 (excellent). Aneurysmal embolization status was assessed as complete obliteration, residual neck, or residual aneurysm. Ultrashort TE MRA findings were classified as evaluative or nonevaluative state based on the presence of metal artifacts. We investigated the types of aneurysms that were evaluative and the agreement between ultrashort TE and DSA.

RESULTS:
Overall, 89 aneurysms were examined, of which 74% (n = 66) were classified as evaluative on ultrashort TE. Significant differences were observed in size and stent type. Evaluative cases had an aneurysm size of <7 mm (P = .0007) and a higher rate of Neuroform Atlas (P = .0006). The rate of agreement between ultrashort TE with evaluative state and DSA was 95%.

CONCLUSION:
Ultrashort TE MRA could evaluate an embolization status treated with stenting, and the findings are in excellent agreement with those of DSA. Aneurysms measuring <7 mm and treated with Neuroform Atlas are evaluative on ultrashort TE, and DSA might not be necessary.
Innovación docente y responsabilidad social en la colección universitaria de fotoetnografía Medianautas
Authors: López San Segundo Carmen , Frutos Esteban Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el desarrollo de Medianautas, una acción que fomenta la coeducación y el pensamiento crítico en materia de conocimiento histórico a partir del álbum fotográfico doméstico del alumnado de enseñanza superior. Medianautas se integra en la experiencia de investigación e innovación responsable FotoC3: ciudadanía, creatividad y cuidado, una iniciativa que promueve la coeducación en el contexto de la enseñanza superior mediante el uso sistemático de la fotografía colaborativa, la innovación docente, la indagación autoetnográfica, la creación cultural y la educación patrimonial. A partir de una metodología expositiva, el texto describe cómo Medianautas se renueva cada curso académico en el contexto socioeducativo de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), apoyándose en tres prácticas de investigación-acción participativa –Fotovoz, el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y el Aprendizaje-Servicio– y adoptando la norma ISO 9001:2015 para la mejora continua de sus procesos de gestión. El trabajo enumera los resultados obtenidos por Medianautas en tres dimensiones específicas: la puesta en marcha de buenas prácticas en innovación docente y responsabilidad social; la creación de contenidos visuales de carácter colectivo para su difusión mediante Di(ver)sium, y el desarrollo de la Colección Medianautas como una colección universitaria de etnofotografía implementada en un repositorio web de carácter institucional y de acceso público integrado en la Red de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Salamanca. Finalmente, el ensayo pone énfasis en cómo la experiencia formativa que impulsa Medianautas –y que explora la construcción de la identidad visual y de la diversidad afectivo-sexual desde una perspectiva mediática e histórica–, fortalece las prácticas coeducativas en la enseñanza superior.