bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping and determinants of inadequate minimum dietary diversity among young children in SSA
Authors: Hailu Bayuh , Endawkie Abel , Baye Kaleab , Setargie Kindiye 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Geographical varation and determinant of inadequate Minimum Dietary Diversity(MDD) among young children in SSA with some consequence is becoming increasingly important for geographical targeting and policy prioritization. This study is to investigate geographic variation, factors, and consequences of inadequate MDD. Data for each nation were extrapolated from recent measures of DHS. The study consist of 57,291 children. Mapping identification and mixed effect model were applied for determining inadequate MDD. The prevalence of inadequate MDD was 79·9%. Most part of Western, Eastern and Central SSA children were more suffered. Children were suffering from anaemia, wasting, and stunting as a result of inadequate MDD. Children whose aged 6—11 months, from not media-exposed mothers, and from living a long distance of health facility were more likely to suffer inadequate MDD compared to their counterparts. The most important predictors were connected to maternal characteristics. Working with mothers is a simple way to achieve tremendous change. When adequate MDD is improved, the number of children who suffer from anemia, stunting, and wasting decreases.
Crowdsourced benchmarking of taxonomic metagenome profilers: Lessons learned from the sbv IMPROVER Microbiomics Challenge
Authors: Poussin Carine , Khachatryan Lusine , Sierro Nicolas , Narsapuram Vijay Kumar , Meyer Fernando , Kaikala Vinay , Chawla Vandna , Muppirala Usha , Kumar Sunil , Belcastro Vincenzo , Battey James ND , Scotti Elena , Boué Stéphanie , McHardy Alice C , Peitsch Manuel C , Ivanov Nikolai V , Hoeng Julia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Research on link interruption prediction based on blockchain in Ad Hoc network
Authors: Yan Shuailing , LIU JIEJING , SUN CHAOYUN 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to overcome the problems of path damage caused by node movement or other reasons in Ad Hoc network, a path break prediction analysis model is proposed based on blockchain technology. In this model, firstly, the impact factors that caused interruptions are defined, and the concept of shadow nodes is proposed. The scheme of equivalent nodes competing for shadow nodes is used to replace the nodes that may be broken to form a blockchain. Therefore, before the path is broken due to the destruction of the node or other reasons, the previous node of the broken node can be quickly queried, and the backup node can be replaced to quickly set new path. The simulation results show that the model greatly increases the robustness of routing, especially in solving the routing security problems caused by single node of path.
Influence of Clinical Factors on The Protective or Deleterious Impact of Genetic Variants in Orthodontically Induced External Root Resorption: An Observational Study
Authors: Silva Henriqueta , Lavado Nuno , Canova Filomena , Lopez Miguel , Regateiro Fernando , Pereira Sónia A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Prediction of susceptibility to Orthodontically Induced External Apical Root Resorption (OIEARR) has been hampered by the complex architecture of this multifactorial phenotype. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the interaction of multiple variables in the susceptibility to OIEARR.Methods: The study evaluated 195 patients requiring orthodontic treatment. Nine clinical and treatment variables, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five genes and variables interactions were analyzed as risk factors for OIEARR using a multiple linear regression model.Results: The model explained 29% of OIEARR variability (ANOVA: p < 0.01). Duration of treatment was the most important predictor and gender was the second, closely followed by premolar extraction. For genes encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK) and the IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), the effect of analyzed variants changed from protective to deleterious depending on the duration of treatment and the age of the patient.Conclusions: This work shows that in OIEARR the impact of genetic susceptibility factors is dynamic changing according to clinical variables.
Socioeconomic development and tele-consumption contribute to the changes in pesticide use in China
Authors: Wang Xiangrong , Wang Ling , Wang Zhen , Li Cai , Cui Huwei , Jiang Xuan , Yu Shuxia , Shi Zhi-Hua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The massive use of pesticides has caused environmental problems, and it is urgent to reduce the use of pesticides. Pesticide use is closely related to social and economic activities, but few studies have quantified the contribution of socioeconomic factors to changes in pesticide use. Hence, based on the multiregional input–output (MRIO) model and structural decomposition analysis (SDA), this study quantified the contribution of pesticide use intensity, production structure, local consumption and distant consumption to changes in pesticide use in China from 2012 to 2017 and further analysed the effect of distant consumption on local pesticide use at the provincial and sectoral levels. The results showed that the total use of pesticides showed a downward trend during 2012-2017. Specifically, the intensity of pesticide use was an important factor for the decrease in pesticide use, resulting in a decrease of 4.9´105 tons of pesticide use. Nevertheless, local and distant consumption were the primary factors for the increase in pesticide use, resulting in increases of 4.37×105 and 1.21×105 tons, respectively. More importantly, provinces with high added value of primary industry bear the risk of pesticide pollution in provinces with high per capita GDP due to distant consumption. Moreover, the agriculture and food sectors are the most important sectors affected by distant consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify provincial and sectoral responsibilities for pesticide use due to distant consumption and to encourage cross-regional technical support and sectoral cooperation for pesticide reduction.
Serum vitamin D levels and acute kidney injury: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Huanran , Jiang Yan , Shi Nan , Lu Yuan Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Numerous researches have evaluated the prevalence and clinical outcome of vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). But the quantitative vitamin D status in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients and its relationship with prognosis remains controversial. We conducted this systemic review and meta-analysis to assess the quantitative difference of vitamin D status, including serum 25(OH) D and 1,25(OH)2D levels，between AKI patients and non-AKI controls, and further explore whether vitamin D status can be clearly correlated with the mortality of AKI. Methods: Major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO, were searched until 1st September 2021. All published observational studies related to vitamin D and AKI According to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3.5. Results: Four studies including five cohorts were included with a total of 413 patients. The serum 25(OH)D levels showed no statistically significant difference in AKI patients and non-AKI controls. On the other hand, the serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were significant lower in AKI patients than in non-AKI controls (MD=-17.79, 95% CI =-32.73 to -2.85, P = 0.02). As for the relationship between serum vitamin D status and AKI patients’ mortality, we were unable to give a consistent conclusion based on current limited and conflict study results. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggested that serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, rather than 25(OH)D, is significantly lower in AKI patients. The relationship between vitamin D status and clinical outcome of AKI remains controversial based on current evidence. Future comprehensive studies are required to confirm these relations and to elucidate potential mechanisms.
Cardiomyocyte precursors generated by direct reprogramming and molecular beacon selection attenuate ventricular remodeling after experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Bachamanda-Somesh Dipthi , Klose Kristin , Maring Janita A. , Kunkel Désirée , Jürchott Karsten , Protze Stephanie I. , Becker Matthias , Krüger Ulrike , Nazari-Shafti Timo Z. , Falk Volkmar , Kurtz Andreas , Gossen Manfred , Stamm Christof 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Direct cardiac reprogramming is currently being investigated for the generation of cells with a true cardiomyocyte (CM) phenotype. Based on the original approach of cardiac transcription factor-induced reprogramming of fibroblasts into CM-like cells, various modifications of that strategy have been developed. However, they uniformly suffer from poor reprogramming efficacy and a lack of translational tools for target cell expansion and purification. Therefore, our group has developed a unique approach to generate proliferative cells with a pre-CM phenotype that can be expanded in vitro to yield substantial cell doses.
Methods
Cardiac fibroblasts were reprogrammed toward CM fate using lentiviral transduction of cardiac transcriptions factors (GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5, and MYOCD). The resulting cellular phenotype was analyzed by RNA sequencing and immunocytology. Live target cells were purified based on intracellular CM marker expression using molecular beacon technology and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. CM commitment was assessed using 5-azacytidine–based differentiation assays and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction using echocardiography and histology.
Results
We found that proliferative CM precursor-like cells were part of the phenotype spectrum arising during direct reprogramming of fibroblasts toward CMs. These induced CM precursors (iCMPs) expressed CPC- and CM-specific proteins and were selectable via hairpin-shaped oligonucleotide hybridization probes targeting Myh6/7-mRNA–expressing cells. After purification, iCMPs were capable of extensive expansion, with preserved phenotype when under ascorbic acid supplementation, and gave rise to CM-like cells with organized sarcomeres in differentiation assays. When transplanted into infarcted mouse hearts, iCMPs prevented CM loss, attenuated fibrotic scarring, and preserved ventricular function.
Conclusions
Given the clinical failure of conventional cardiac cell therapy using adult stem cells, further translational development of this iCMP approach is warranted.
Graphical abstract
Attitudes to fossil fuel subsidy removal: A cross-country analysis on four continents
Authors: Harring Niklas , Jagers Sverker , Jönsson Erik , Matti Simon , Mundaca Gabriela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The world annually spends $423 billion on subsidizing fossil fuels. Removing fossil fuel subsidies is crucial not only for reducing CO2 emissions and making carbon pricing policies more effective, but also for making more valuable use of government funds. Currently, however, scientific evidence on the scale and scope of public attitudes to fossil fuel subsidy removal policies is lacking, although it is crucial for gauging political feasibility. Furthermore, previous studies focus on carbon pricing in the developed world. Our novel contributions to the literature are, first, a comparative analysis of attitudes to both carbon taxation and fossil-fuel subsidy removal, and second, a focus on five developing countries across four continents. It is found that a) removing fossil fuel subsidies is not more undesirable than introducing carbon taxation and b) the public has more positive attitudes to subsidy removal if optimal use of the surplus fiscal revenues is specified.
The Role of Special Intrauterine Balloon and Intrauterine Contraceptive Device after TCRA in the Treatment of Intrauterine Adhesions
Authors: Zhuang Lin-Lin , Wang Kai , Shen Hai-Lan , Lin Jia-Hui , Lu Ye , Luo Zhen-Yu , Wang Wen-Rong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
It is of vital importance to focus on the prevention of intrauterine adhesion(IUA) relapse. Up to now, which method has a higher efficacy is still a matter of controversy. We tried to find a better method.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, all of the 69 included IUA patients experienced transcervical resection of adhesion(TCRA), and after surgery, 31 patients were placed special intrauterine balloon(IUB) and 38 patients were placed intrauterine contraception device(IUD). All IUA patients had undergone post-operative hormone sequential therapy with estrogen-progesterone and adequate course of antibiotics therapy. Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression method, Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used for statistical analysis.
Results
The readhesion rate significantly varied from patients in IUB group and IUD group, in 15.39% and 54.06% respectively(P = 0.002). For recurrent moderate IUA patients, the severity of patients in IUB group had been significantly reduced than IUD group(P = 0.035). For severe IUA patients, cold knife management had a greater advantage than electric instrument(P = 0.011). There was a significant difference in the intrauterine pregnancy rate of IUA patients in IUB group and IUD group after treatment, in 55.56% and 14.29%, respectively(P = 0.015).
Conclusions
Patients in this special IUB group had better outcomes than IUD. For preventing readhesion and improving conception rate, the use of cold knife during procedure, placing IUB, estrogen therapy and adequate course of antibiotics therapy after TCRA all have positive influence.
Ziyuglycoside I attenuates collagen-induced arthritis through restoring the balance of Th17/Treg cells
Authors: Wang Manman , Sun Hanfei , Su Tiantian , Guo Paipai , Tai Yu , Zhu Zhenduo , Cheng Huijuan , Jiang Chunru , Wei Wei , Wang Qingtong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and primary pharmacological mechanism of Ziyuglycoside I (Ziyu I) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Methods: CIA mice were treated by 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg of Ziyu I or 2 mg/kg of methotrexate (MTX), and clinical manifestations as well as pathological changes were observed. T cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. T cell viability was measured by CCK-8. The expressions of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and IL-17 in serum were detected by Elisa. The mRNA expressions of RORγt and Foxp3 in mice spleen lymphocytes were detected by RT-qPCR. Molecular docking was used to detect whether there was a molecular interaction between Ziyu I and Akt. The activation of mTOR in T cells was verified by Western blotting or immunofluorescence. Results: Ziyu I treatment group could effectively alleviate the arthritis symptoms of CIA mice, including body weight, global score, arthritis index, number of swollen joints, etc. The pathological changes of joints and spleen in arthritic mice were improved effectively. The thymic index, T cell activity and RORγt production of Ziyu I treatment group were significantly reduced. Notably, through molecular docking, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis data, we found that Ziyu I could interact directly with Akt to reduce downstream mTOR activation and inhibit Th17 differentiation, thereby regulating Th17/Treg balance and improving arthritis symptoms. Conclusion: Our data showed that Ziyu I effectively improved arthritic symptoms of CIA in mice by inhibiting mTOR activation, thereby affecting Th17 differentiation and regulating Th17/Treg balance.
Study on optimization of experimental conditions of microbial desulfurization in coal mine by response surface methodology 1
Authors: Chun-ming Ai , Dan Zhao , Ping-ping Sun , Da-peng Wang , Xiao-zhi Mu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion during coal storage and transportation, microbial desulfurization technology is used to reduce the content of inorganic sulfur in coal. A strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was purified from coal mine water in Datong, Shanxi Province, and its desulfurization test conditions were optimized. Taking the removal rate of inorganic sulfur in coal as the response value, the main factors affecting the removal rate of inorganic sulfur were screened out by Plackett-Burman design method. Then, the steepest climbing test was carried out to obtain the test center point, the continuous variable surface model was established by response surface method, and the interaction of various influence factors was determined. The results show that the order of the three main factors influencing the removal rate of inorganic sulfur is temperature > coal particle size > desulfurization time, and the interaction between temperature and coal particle size has the greatest influence on the response value. The optimized desulfurization conditions are as follows: the temperature is 29.50 ℃, the coal particle size is 100 mesh, and the desulfurization time is 11.67 days. The removal rate of inorganic sulfur is 79.78%, which is close to the predicted value and the regression effect is good.
Effects of Omega-3 Fatty acid supplementation during chronic maternal hypoxia on behavioral disorders in male rat offspring
Authors: Ghotbeddin Zohreh , Khazaeel Kaveh , Tabandeh Mohammad-Reza , Aliheydari Maryam , Yaghobi Hooshyar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Maternal hypoxia due to a lack of blood flow and insufficient oxygen supply in the brain leads to behavioral disorders in adult offspring. Fish oil includes docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a major component of membrane phospholipids of nerve cells, improved cognition and memory. Trk family receptors are activated by hypoxic induction factor (HIF) and are involved in the neurotrophin's protective effects at the cellular level. Here we studied the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of fish oil during the chronic maternal hypoxia model on behavioral responses in male rat offspring. Methods: Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: 1) ctr; Control rats were pregnant 2) Hyp; Pregnant female rats recived hypoxia from 6th to 15th day of pregnancy with 10% oxygen intensity and 90% nitrogen; 3) FO; Pregnant female rats recived fish oil (F8020 1ml / day, for ten consecutive days Orally) and 4) FO / Hyp; Pregnant female rats received hypoxia plus fish oil in the same manner. Behavioral parameters were evaluated in 28-day-old male offspring. HIF-1α, TrkB, and P75 gene expression were measured in the offspring brain.Result: Maternal hypoxia impaired memory performance and locomotor activity in offspring.Besides, Trk family genes expression and oxidative stress indicators showed a significant increase in the brains of offspring exposed to maternal hypoxia compared to the control group. Conclusion: Overall, fish oil improved behavioral parameters by inhibiting oxidative stress and the expression of Trk family receptors.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Opportunistic Infections After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: A nationwide, population-based cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Da Jung , Jeong Seri , Kong Seom Gim , Lee Sangjin , Lim Sung-Nam , Oh Sung Yong , Do Young Rok , Lee Won Sik , Lee Mark Hong , Bae Sung Hwa , Kim Se Hyung , Kim Min Kyoung , Lee Ho Sup 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several guidelines classify autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a low to intermediate risk group for infection. In a nationwide population-based study, using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent ASCT from 2002 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative incidence rates (CIRs) and risk factors of opportunistic infections were investigated. CIRs of fungal, Varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Pneumocystis jirovecii infections in lymphoma were 7.9%, 16.0%, 7.4%, and 5.1%, respectively, and CIRs in MM were 6.3%, 19.1%, 4.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. Fungal infection was significantly higher in patients with previous infection (Hazard ratio (HR) 2.003, p = 0.005) in lymphoma. Incidence of CMV infection was significantly higher in patients with prior infection: HR 4.920, p < 0.001 (lymphoma); HR 3.022, p = 0.030 (MM). VZV infection was significantly lower in patients receiving prophylaxis: HR 0.082, p < 0.001 (lymphoma); HR 0.096, p < 0.001 (MM). For P. jirovecii infection, busulfex and melphalan conditioning (HR 1.875, p = 0.032) and previous infection (HR 4.810, p < 0.001 in patients with MM only) had a higher incidence. Patients who underwent ASCT should receive VZV prophylaxis and prophylaxis for fungal and P. jirovecii may be considered in patients with previous same infection.
Orthostatic Intolerance as a Potential Contributor to Prolonged Fatigue and Inconsistent Performance in Elite Swimmers
Authors: Petracek Lindsay S. , Eastin Ella F. , Rowe Ian R. , Rowe Peter C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Athletic underperformance is characterized by fatigue and an inability to sustain a consistent exercise workload. We describe five elite swimmers with prolonged fatigue and athletic underperformance in whom an approach that focused on orthostatic intolerance was associated with improved function.
Methods
Participants were referred for evaluation of fatigue and underperformance to the Chronic Fatigue Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center. All patients were evaluated for overtraining syndrome, as well as for features commonly seen in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The latter included joint hypermobility, orthostatic intolerance, and non-IgE mediated milk protein intolerance. Orthostatic intolerance was tested by performing a ten-minute passive standing test or a head-up tilt table test.
Results
Orthostatic testing provoked fatigue and other symptoms in all five swimmers, two of whom met heart rate criteria for postural tachycardia syndrome. Treatment was individualized, primarily consisting of an increased intake of sodium chloride and fluids to address orthostasis. All patients experienced a relatively prompt improvement in fatigue and other orthostatic symptoms and were able to either return to their expected level of performance or improve their practice consistency.
Conclusions
Orthostatic intolerance was an easily measured and treatable contributor to athletic underperformance in the five elite swimmers we describe. We suggest that passive standing tests or formal tilt table tests be incorporated into the clinical evaluation of athletes with fatigue and underperformance as well as into scientific studies of this topic. Recognition and treatment of orthostatic intolerance provides a new avenue for improving outcomes in underperforming athletes.