bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Patient Encounters for Athletic Training Students During Clinical Education: A Report From the Association for Athletic Training Education Research Network
Authors: Welch Bacon Cailee E. , Cavallario Julie M. , Walker Stacy E. , Bay R. Curtis , Van Lunen Bonnie L. 
Published: January 2022

Context
To enhance the quality of patient care, athletic training students (ATSs) should experience a wide variety of clinical practice settings, interact with diverse patient populations, and engage with patients who have a wide variety of conditions. It is unclear in what ways, if any, ATSs have diverse opportunities during clinical experiences.

Objective
To describe the characteristics of patient encounters (PEs) ATSs engaged in during clinical experiences.

Design
Multisite panel design.

Setting
Twelve professional athletic training programs (5 bachelor's, 7 master's).

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 363 ATSs from the athletic training programs that used E*Value software to document PEs during clinical experiences.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
During each PE, ATSs were asked to log the clinical site at which the PE occurred (college or university, secondary school, clinic, or other), the procedures performed during the PE (eg, knee evaluation, lower leg flexibility or range of motion, cryotherapy), and the patient's diagnosis, with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code (eg, S83.512A knee sprain, anterior cruciate ligament).

Results
A total of 30 630 PEs were entered by 338 ATSs across 278 unique clinical settings. More than 80% of PEs occurred in college or university and secondary school settings. More than half of the diagnoses were categorized as affecting the lower body region. Examination and evaluation procedures and application of therapeutic modality procedures each contributed approximately 27% of procedures.

Conclusions
It was surprising that ATSs were not gaining experience in all clinical practice settings in which athletic trainers commonly practice. Our data suggest that students may be consigned to working with patients who have more frequently occurring injuries, which may not prepare them for the realities of autonomous clinical practice. These findings indicate that directed efforts are needed to ensure that ATSs are provided opportunities to engage with diverse patient populations who have a variety of conditions in an array of clinical site types during their clinical experiences.
Poor Kidney Function and the risk of Prostate Cancer among Aged Men in Kogi East, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Zainab , Adam Adam Abdullahi , Mahe Asma’u , Onyechi Obidoa , Momoh Sanni 
Published: January 2022

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein that is produced by cells in the male prostate gland. An increase in PSA levels is associated with prostate inflammation, prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hypertrophy. This work provides information on the values of Kidney function indices and PSA in apparently normal ageing men residing within the Eastern zone of Kogi State, Nigeria. The subjects were divided into different groups based on their age range. There was a gradual increased in PSA and serum urea as the age increases.
Keyword: Kidney, Prostate cancer, Prostate Specific Antigen, Blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine
Can Food Crop Medicine Reduce Pressure on Forest Harvest in Nigeria?
Authors: Osemeobo Gbadebo Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Awareness created in the social media through smart phones had popularized the practice of using food crop parts such as leaves, fruits, roots and seeds to treat common illness which had hitherto been treated with herbs from the wild. This study investigated whether the use of food crops for medicine can reduce pressures of harvesting medicinal plants from the forest. A combination of three research methods: structured questionnaire survey; informal discussions with stakeholders in food crop medicines and observations on collection and preparation of food crop medicines were used to collect data. Simple random sampling method was used to select 62 respondents for questionnaire survey and discussion groups in Ota Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were presented in tables and percentages. A Chi-square analysis was used to test the research hypothesis. Results derived from data analyses indicated that food crop medicine (FCM) was: (i) widely used; (ii) fully accepted; (iii) gradually reducing pressures in natural forests; and (iv) used to compliment indigenous traditional medicine. A conclusion was reached that FCM had come to stay as a major primary health delivery. Moreover, FCM has found a place in herbal treatments of diseases.
Keywords: Food crop medicine, Traditional medicine, Traditional plants, Natural forests, Herbs.
Acute Inhalation of Generator Exhaust-Fumes May Impair Learning and Memory in Mice
Authors: Kurawa Musa Ibrahim 
Published: January 2022

The study assessed the effects of acute inhalation of generator exhaust fumes on the anxiety-associated learning and memory (L&M), and motor coordination in mice. Twenty-four mice were divided into 4 groups. First and second groups were tested for motor coordination (beam walk) and L&M (Elevated Plus Maze, EPM) respectively. Mice in the experimental groups were exposed to the generator fume for 30min., 1hr., and 2hrs respectively before the tests. In Day 1, experimental animals showed significant decrease in the mean TL (13.4 ± 1.5sec.) and an increase (73 ± 8.4sec.) at 30min. and 1hr respectively, when compared to their controls (28.6 ± 5.2sec.) and (21.8 ± 4.4sec.). In day 2, there were significant increase in the mean TLs during the 30min. (48.4 ± 12.8sec.) and 2hrs exposures (66.8 ± 15.3 sec.), when compared to their controls (13.6 ± 1.9sec.) and (22.6 ± 6.6sec.) respectively. The result suggests decreased ability of the exposed mice to learn and recall the new behaviour. There was significant increase in the mean %COHb level of the experimental group (2.06 ± 0.012%) when compared to the control (0.76 ± 0.089%). Exposure to CO from the generator exhaust fumes impaired learning and memory in mice.
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Learning and Memory, Motor coordination, Elevated Plus Maze, Beam walk.
Interleukin-34 protects against sepsis in mice by regulating CXCL1/CCL2 immune response
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Yang Feng , Bu Yuanyuan , Jia Jinghong , Cheng Aibin , Zhao Jihua 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To study the protective effect of interleukin-34 (IL-34) against sepsis in mice, and the mechanism involved.
Methods: Ninety healthy male mice were selected and assigned to sham, model and recombinant IL-34 protein groups. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed. Moreover, histopathological changes in lung, liver and kidney were recorded, and levels of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) in each group of mice were measured.
Results: Peritoneal lavage fluid and serum concentrations of AST, ALT, LDH, CXCL1 and CCL2 were significantly elevated, relative to sham mice (p < 0.05). Mice survival in the drug group was markedly increased from day 1 to day 5; also, serum ALT, LDH and AST were significantly reduced, while CXCL1 and CCL2 concentrations in serum and peritoneal lavage fluid were increased, relative to model mice (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: IL-34 improves survival of septic mice by inducing CXCL1/CCL2 immune response, resulting in a protective effect on the airway. Thus, the CXCL1/CCL2 pathway mediated by IL-34 may be useful in the development of drugs for the treatment of sepsis.
6-Methyl-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3- c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (FMPPP) exhibits anti-proliferative effect on prostate cancer via autophagy induction and mTOR/p70S6K inhibition
Authors: Yu Xiaozhu , Cui Qingbin 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate 6-methyl-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (FMPPP) as anti-proliferative agent against prostate cancers.
Methods: The FMPPP-mediated changes in cell proliferation were measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Flow cytometry and propidium iodide staining were used for cellular DNA content determination. Proteins expression in cells was probed by western blotting assay.
Results: A significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent suppression of DU145 and PC 3 cell proliferation was observed following FMPPP treatment. FMPPP treatment at 20 μM raised DU145 cell fraction to 75.08 ± 4.87 % in G1 phase when compared to 48.32 ± 3.44 % for control. The population of PC 3 cells in G1- phase reached to 72.78 ± 5.21 % on treatment with 20 μM FMPPP compared to 49.65 ± 4.62 % in control. The FMPPP treatment of DU145 and PC-3 cells elevated LC3-II expression and suppressed SQSTM1/p62 expression. In FMPPP-treated DU145 and PC-3 cells, p-ERK1/2 level was promoted whereas mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation significantly decreased. Exposure to U0126 (ERK pathway inhibitor) reduced FMPPP-induced increase of LC3-II expression and promotion of p-ERK1/2 level in DU145 and PC-3 cells.
Conclusion: FMPPP exhibits anti-proliferative effect by increasing autophagy in prostate cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of FMPPP involves elevation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and targeting mTOR pathway in DU145 and PC-3 cells. Therefore, FMPPP may be beneficial for the treatment of prostate cancer in patients.
In vitro antidiabetic, aphrodisiac and antimicrobial properties of para-propoxybenzoic acid isolated from Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn Ex. Benth (Fabaceae) stem bark
Authors: Johnson Ekarika C. , Ukpe Richard A. , Etim Emmanuel I. , Umoh Uwemedimoh F. , Eseyin Olorunfemi A. , Udoh Anwanabasi E. , Mboho Tina , Anthony Paschal C. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the in vitro antidiabetic, aphrodisiac and antimicrobial properties of para-propoxybenzoic acid isolated from Acacia auriculiformis stem bark.
Methods: Powdered dried stem bark of A. auriculiformis was extracted with 70 % ethanol in water and the dried extract obtained was suspended in water and partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol to give their respective soluble fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction being more active, in terms of in-vitro aphrodisiac, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties, was subjected to chromatographic separation to obtain C1 identified as parapropoxybenzoic acid, which was also evaluated for in-vitro properties using standard procedures.
Results: 4-Propoxybenzoic acid showed a weak aphrodisiac property which was not significantly different (p < 0.05) from that of control (normal saline) for all the sexual parameters tested. The compound exhibited antidiabetic activity by dose-dependently inhibiting the actions of α-amylase with half-maximal concentration (IC50) value of 50 ± 0.45 μg/mL. In this regard, it was comparable to that of the standard, acarbose (30 ± 0.18 μg/mL). In the antimicrobial study, a concentration of 200 μg/mL of the compound gave the highest zone of inhibition of 18 ± 0.23 mm against Vibo cholriae (NCTC 5438)
Conclusion: The results indicate that the isolated compound, 4-propoxybenzoic, exhibits good antidiabetic and anti-microbial but weak aphrodisiac properties.
Antidiabetic effects of ethanol extract of Uromastyx hardwickii Smith (Agamidae) skin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in mice
Authors: Shams Waqas A. , Onoja Samuel O. , Rehman Gauher , Islam Saif U. , Khan Khurshaid , Ibrar Muhmmad , Sia Saima B. , Ayaz Saba G. , Ali Sajid , Israr Muhammad , Ullah Aziz , Safi Dawood 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the in vivo hypoglycemic potential of the ethanol extract of Uromastyx hardwickii skin (EEUHS).
Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice received graded doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) of EEUHS for oral glucose tolerance and hypoglycemic test. The effects of EEUHS on body weight gain, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and hemoglobin concentration were also investigated.
Result: The blood glucose concentrations of the EEUHS-treated groups were diminished (p < 0.05) relative to the diabetic control group. The urea, creatinine and cholesterol levels of the EEUHS-treated groups were lower (p < 0.05), but their hemoglobin concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) relative to the diabetic control group.
Conclusion: The EEUHS elicits hypoglycemic effects and ameliorates complications of diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This suggests that EEUHS can potentially be developed for the management of diabetic patients.
Determination of Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator of a DC Signal in AWGN Using Laplace Transform
Authors: Abdalla Abdi T 
Published: January 2022

This paper presents an alternative approach for the determination of Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (MVUE) using Laplace transformation. In this work, a DC signal in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) was considered. During the investigation, a number of experiments were conducted to analyze different possible outputs under different conditions, and then the patterns of the outcomes were studied. Finally closed-form expressions for the CRLB and MVUE were deduced employing the Laplace transformation. The resulting expressions showed that the proposed method has almost the same number of steps as the existing method. However, the latter requires only the knowledge of algebra to arrive at the CRLB expressions contrary to the existing approach where a strong mathematical background is required and hence making it superior over the existing method, in that sense.
Keywords: Additive White Gaussian Noise, Cramer-Rao Lower Bound, DC-Value, Laplace transform, and Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (MVUE).
Identity Transformation of Migrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in post-1960s Germany
Authors: Duranović Amir 
Published: January 2022

Results presented in this paper are part of an extensive research in BiH
emigration of the second half of the 20th century conducted during a field trip in Berlin,
Germany. This paper aims at presenting the foundations from which the emigration
originated after the Second World War and then changes which occurred during the
1960s when a large number of people from Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina left
for temporary employment in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and other Western European
countries, as well as to look into models and reasons for the transformation of identity of
BiH migrants in Germany after the 1960s. With the aim to identify the pattern according
to which the workers with temporary employment abroad created their identities, this
paper dedicates special attention to the transformation of identity, i.e. it indicates how
identity transformed under the changed circumstances and in an altered context. However,
research focuses on a part of BiH emigration in Germany, West Berlin in particular, since it
stands out as a special case, an enclave in East Germany. Therefore, the presented examples
of identity transformations of BiH workers in Berlin that were followed by changes in their
native country, Yugoslavia, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also by the changes Germany
experienced the end of the 1980s. Finally, the paper aims to show the multi-layered identities
and their changes from the working, religious, social to the national identity
Antifašistička tradicija kao čuvar političkog jedinstva naroda u BiH / Antifascist tradition as a Guard to Political Unity of People in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Musabegović Senadin 
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the key moments in the develpment of socialist Yugoslavia, including its disingegration, that is post-socialist transition or the period when the etno-nationalist elites took over ruling power and broke apart not only Yugoslavia but socialist system that created it. The politics of socialist Yugoslavia itself oscilated between: authoritative one-party politics and democratic tendencies expressed through self-management politics; state unitarism and national separatism; priciples of equality and liberty; international socialist cosmopolitanism and antiimperial national self-determination; bolshevik exlusiveness and restrictivity and socialdemocratic openess; politics of the West and the East... It was depending on historical context that one tendency was dominant over the other. But in any case, the politics of socialist Yugoslavia was directed towards finding its own path of development of the state and socialist society, which—regardless of its internal controversies— managed to create a new political community at the same time maintain the exhisting one. In the context of development of DFJ (Democratic Federal Yugoslavia),
but also FNRJ (Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia), and then SFRJ (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), Bosnia and Herzegovina had a very important role. Bosnia and Herzegovina was constituted through the decisions of ZAVNOBiH (the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) presented on its founding meeting on November 25, 1943 in Mrkonjić Grad and recognized as one of the Republics
within State Federation of Yugoslavia that same year on the Second Session of AVNOJ (Anti-Fascist Council for the People’s Liberation of Yugoslavia) which took place on November 29 in Jajce. The author focuses on the significance of anti-fascism, which recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina and was based on the notion that this republic acts as a bridge that connects South Slavic community in political and symbolic sense.
“Meka” i “tvrda” moć u islamskoj literaturi političkih saveta: Saveti vladarima Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqe i Ibn al-Muqaffe u poređenju s onima koje je dao Machiavelli / “Soft” and “Hard” Power in Islamic Political Advice Literature: Counsels to Rulers by Ibn al-Ṭiqṭ
Authors: Syros Vasileios 
Published: January 2022

This article explores how modern leadership theories revolving around the distinction between “soft” and “hard” power are prefigured in medieval Islamic political writing. In particular, it advances a new interpretation of Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s al-Fakhrī (On the Systems
of Government and Muslim Dynasties, 701/1302), focusing on the Arab historian’s narrative about the factors that resulted in the decline of the ‘Abbasid Empire and the rise of the Mongols as a world power. It also discusses Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s ideas on good government, drawing
links to other major Muslim political theorists and historians, notably Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and Ibn Khaldūn. Finally, this study examines Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s views on successful and failed leadership in a cross-cultural context through comparison with Niccolò Machiavelli’s Prince.
Some Observations on the Cultural Inventory of Izmir from the Tanzimat to the Constitutional Monarchy (1839-1876) / Neka zapažanja o kulturnom inventaru Izmira od Tanzimata do uspostavljanja Monarhije (1839-1876)
Authors: Bahar Arslan 
Published: January 2022

During the period when the Ottoman Empire remained at the periphery of
the capitalist world system, İzmir assumed the identity of a colonial port city which the Levantines, who transferred the rich products of Western Anatolia to the West, and their local
collaborators made the center of the commercial diaspora. While İzmir, which lived through its brightest period from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, had the appearance of an ordinary “slightly bigger than a village” town of the Aegean at the western end of the Anatolian plateau, it begins to be seen as the “Pearl of the Levant” with its port, quay, municipal organization, railways, trams, banks, factories, modern schools, casinos, clubs, theaters and coffee houses. In the aforementioned period, İzmir became one of the early modern
period cities of the Ottoman Empire with the changes and transformations it went through. This article tries to convey the episodes of the economic, social, and ideological structural transformations in the background of this positive leap that the city had experienced.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN MORFOLOGI DALAM BERDISKUSI DI SEMESTER 1 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA FPMIPA IKIP SARASWATI
Authors: Puspadi Ni Luh Nanik 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan morfologi yang dilakukan mahasiswa semester I Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FPMIPA IKIP Saraswati selama berdiskusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester I Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FPMIPA IKIP Saraswati tahun akademik 2019/2020 sedangkan objeknya adalah kesalahan morfologi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa ketika berdiskusi dalam mata kuliah umum Bahasa Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode perekaman dan observasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan prosedur analisis data deskriptif-kualitatif yang meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, serta verifikasi dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa ragam kesalahan morfologi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa pada saat berdiskusi. Wujud kesalahan morfologi yang peneliti temukan adalah penghilangan afiks sebanyak 7 buah (53,84%), peluluhan bunyi yang seharusnya tidak luluh 2 buah (15,39%) penyingkatan morf sebanyak 1 buah (7,69%), penggunaan afiks yang tidak tepat sebanyak 1 buah (7,69%), dan penentuan bentuk dasar yang tidak tepat sebanyak 2 buah (15,39%); sedangkan wujud kesalahan bunyi yang seharusnya luluh tidak diluluhkan, penggantian morf, dan penempatan afiks yang tidak tepat pada gabungan kata tidak ditemukan dalam diskusi mahasiswa. Berdasarkan hal itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa kesalahan mahasiswa dari segi morfologi didominasi oleh penghilangan afiks.
USING SEMANTIC MAPS AS A TEACHING STRATEGY FOR VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Udaya Muthyala 
Published: January 2022

Semantic maps ensure a high potential to facilitate enhanced quality of understanding words. English as second language learners are often presented with new English vocabulary items that are often pre-organized in sets of semantically related words. However, there is an assumption that word grouping facilitates activities for vocabulary learning and no empirical justification supports employing this teaching technique. This study aims to examine to what extent semantic relatedness influences ESL vocabulary recall and retention for middle school students of Telangana. The current study was conducted with 30 seventh-grade students over six weeks. Learners were divided into two groups to compare the effects of presenting semantic maps (retention, recall) and wordlists (recognition, cued recall) for reading comprehension activities. The results reveal that both teaching strategies positively affect vocabulary recall and retention. Between these two strategies, semantic mapping yields better results on recall. The difference between the groups explains from the perspective of information process theory and memory model. Lastly, significant learning and the effectiveness of semantic maps were found in the experiment group.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0941/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>