bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
140 Years of Global Ocean Wind-Wave Climate Derived from CMIP6 ACCESS-CM2 and EC-Earth3 GCMs: Global Trends, Regional Changes, and Future Projections
Authors: Meucci Alberto , Young Ian R. , Hemer Mark , Trenham Claire , Watterson Ian G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present four 140-yr wind-wave climate simulations (1961–2100) forced with surface wind speed and sea ice concentration from two CMIP6 GCMs under two different climate scenarios: SSP1–2.6 and SSP5–8.5. A global three-grid system is implemented in WAVEWATCH III to simulate the wave–ice interactions in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The models perform well in comparison with global satellite altimeter and in situ buoys climatology. The comparison with traditional trend analyses demonstrates the present GCM-forced wave models’ ability to reproduce the main historical climate signals. The long-term datasets allow a comprehensive description of the twentieth- and twenty-first-century wave climate and yield statistically robust trends. Analysis of the latest IPCC ocean climatic regions highlights four regions where changes in wave climate are projected to be most significant: the Arctic, the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Southern Ocean. The main driver of offshore wave climate change is the wind, except for the Arctic where the significant sea ice retreat causes a sharp increase in the projected wave heights. Distinct changes in the wave period and the wave direction are found in the Southern Hemisphere, where the poleward shift of the Southern Ocean westerlies causes an increase in the wave period of up to 5% and a counterclockwise change in wave direction of up to 5°. The new CMIP6 forced wave models improve in performance compared to previous CMIP5 forced wave models, and will ultimately contribute to a new CMIP6 wind-wave climate model ensemble, crucial for coastal adaptation strategies and the design of future marine offshore structures and operations.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of ocean wind-wave climate evolution over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and to effectively communicate the long-term impacts of climate change in diverse wind-wave climatic regions across the globe. The 140-yr continuous model results produced in this work are crucial to studying changes in extreme sea states and investigating the relationship between interdecadal periodic oscillations and long-term climate trends. The dataset produced can be used to gain further insight into the substantial long-term changes of the polar wind-wave climate caused by the rapid decrease of sea ice coverage, and the evolution of the directional changes in the sea states triggered by climate change.
The Stratosphere–Troposphere Oscillation as the Dominant Intraseasonal Coupling Mode between the Stratosphere and Troposphere
Authors: Shen Xiaocen , Wang Lin , Scaife Adam A. , Hardiman Steven C. , Xu Peiqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Changes in the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) can remarkably impact tropospheric circulation. Based on the diagnosis of reanalysis data, this study finds that the location shift rather than the strength change dominates the intraseasonal variability of SPV. Further analysis suggests that it couples well with the tropospheric circulation, forming an intraseasonal stratosphere–troposphere oscillation (STO). The STO shows periodic westward propagation throughout its life cycle and has a deep structure extending from the troposphere to the stratosphere. It reflects the movement of the SPV toward North America, then the North Pacific, Eurasia, and the North Atlantic, and causes significant changes in surface air temperature over North America and East Asia. The mechanism of the STO involves Rossby wave propagation between the troposphere and stratosphere and cross-scale interactions in the troposphere. Upward Rossby wave propagation from the troposphere over East Asia maintains the STO’s stratospheric component, and the reflection of these waves back to the troposphere contributes substantially to the STO’s tropospheric center over North America. Meanwhile, the linear and nonlinear processes explain the STO’s westward propagation in the troposphere, which facilities vertical wave propagation changes. The STO unifies the SPV shifts, the retrograding tropospheric disturbances, and the wave coupling processes into one framework and provides a holistic view for a better understanding of the intraseasonal stratosphere–troposphere coupling. Given its oscillating nature, time scale, and widespread surface response, the STO may be a potential source of predictability for the subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

Significance Statement
Stratospheric circulation plays a vital role in influencing tropospheric weather and climate, but its variability and coupling with the troposphere have not been fully understood for the intraseasonal time scale. This study finds that the Northern Annular Mode is the leading mode of variability in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere stratosphere on time scales longer than 60 days, which reflects the changes in the intensity of the stratospheric polar vortex. In contrast, the shift of the stratospheric polar vortex excels as the leading mode on time scales shorter than 60 days and is identified as a stratosphere–troposphere oscillation (STO) phenomenon. In the stratosphere, the STO is characterized by the shift of the polar vortex and rotates clockwise with time. In the troposphere, the STO is manifested as a large-scale westward-propagating circulation in the midlatitudes, with significant near-surface temperature anomalies across the continents. The formation of the STO is further attributed to the vertical and horizontal Rossby wave propagation. As STO is a periodic oscillation, it may serve as a potential predictability source for subseasonal-to-seasonal climate prediction.
Understanding and Reducing Warm and Dry Summer Biases in the Central United States: Improving Cumulus Parameterization
Authors: Sun Chao , Liang Xin-Zhong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Most climate models still suffer large warm and dry summer biases in the central United States (CUS). As a solution, we improved cumulus parameterization to represent 1) the lifting effect of small-scale rising motions associated with Great Plains low-level jets and midtropospheric perturbations by defining the cloud base at the level of condensation, 2) the constraint of the cumulus entrainment rate depending on the boundary layer depth, and 3) the temperature-dependent cloud-to-rainwater conversion rate. These improvements acted to (i) trigger mesoscale convective systems in unfavorable environmental conditions to enhance total rainfall amount, (ii) lower cloud base and increase cloud depth to increase low-level clouds and reduce surface shortwave radiation, (iii) suppress penetrative cumuli from shallow boundary layers to remedy the overestimation of precipitation frequency, and (iv) increase water detrainment to form sufficient cirrus clouds and balanced outgoing longwave radiation. Much of these effects were nonlocal and nonlinear, where more frequent but weaker convective rainfall led to stronger (and sometimes more frequent) large-scale precipitation remotely. Together, they produced consistently heavier precipitation and colder temperature with a realistic atmospheric energy balance, essentially eliminating the CUS warm and dry biases through robust physical mechanisms.
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis to Retrospectively Determine Production History of Plutonium Dioxide
Authors: Villa-Aleman Eliel , Christian Jonathan H. , Darvin Jason R. , Foley Bryan J. , Dick Don D. , Fallin Brent , Fessler Kimberly A. S. 
Published: December 2022

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements in the shortwave infrared (930–1600 nm) spectral region were acquired for Pu2(C2O4)3•9H2O and its thermal decomposition product, PuO2. We analyzed a total of eight PuO2 samples that were produced at different calcination temperatures (300, 350, 450, 525, 600, 675, 750, and 900 °C). Our goal was to identify spectroscopic fingerprints that could be used to gain retrospective information regarding the production parameters of these important nuclear compounds. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of Pu2(C2O4)3•9H2O features several broad bands that currently preclude detailed analysis. However, all PuO2 samples produced relatively sharp spectral features that got sharper and more intense for samples that were produced at higher calcination temperatures. The electronic band observed at 1433 nm in the diffuse reflectance spectra of PuO2 was found to be a sensitive indicator of crystallinity; a result that is corroborated by ancillary Raman spectroscopy measurements. Principal component analysis of diffuse reflectance spectra was able to clearly rank and categorize PuO2 samples based on the calcination temperature that was employed during their production. Thus, we show herein that important retrospective information pertaining to the process history of PuO2 can be gained through the relatively simplistic combination of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and principal component analysis. This discovery presents a new method for determining the provenance and process history of PuO2 and should have an impact in the fields of nuclear forensics and nuclear nonproliferation.
PET/MR versus PET/CT for locoregional staging of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Flygare Lennart , Erdogan Secil Telli , Söderkvist Karin 
Published: December 2022

Background The value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for TN staging in head and neck cancer (HNC) has been proven in numerous studies. A few studies have investigated the value of FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of HNC; the combined results indicate potential for FDG-PET/MRI, but the scientific evidence remains weak. Purpose To compare performance of FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI for locoregional staging in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas. Material and Methods Two radiologists independently of each other retrospectively reviewed primary pre-therapeutic FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI examinations from 40 individuals with oropharyngeal carcinomas. TN stage and primary tumor size were noted. The results were compared between observers and modalities and against TN stage set at a multidisciplinary conference. Results For nodal staging, PET/MRI had slightly higher specificity and accuracy than PET/CT for the most experienced observer. Both methods demonstrated excellent sensitivity (≥ 0.97 and 1.00, respectively), as well as high negative predictive values (≥ 0.95 and 1.00, respectively). No significant differences were found for tumor staging or measurement of maximum tumor diameter. There was a weak agreement (κ = 0.35–0.49) between PET/CT and PET/MRI for T and N stages for both observers. Inter-observer agreement was higher for PET/MRI than for PET/CT, both for tumor staging (κ = 0.57 vs. 0.35) and nodal staging (κ = 0.69 vs. 0.55). The agreement between observers was comparable to the agreement between methods. Conclusion PET/MRI may be a viable alternative to PET/CT for locoregional staging (TN staging) and assessment of maximal tumor diameter in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer.
Long-term Outcomes and Predictors of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension After Pulmonary Endarterectomy
Authors: Sun Shuai , Li Ji-Feng , Liu Lin , Miao Ran , Yang Su-Qiao , Kuang Tu-Guang , Gong Juan-Ni , Gu Song , Liu Yan , Yang Yuan-Hua 
Published: December 2022

Background Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the preferred treatment for CTEPH patients which can significantly improve symptoms and pulmonary hemodynamics. Therefore, this retrospective study evaluated the long-term outcomes after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and analyze the predictors of long-term outcomes for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods From 2002–2020, 76 CTEPH patients successfully discharged after PEA in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were followed-up by scheduled clinical visits or telephone interviews. The follow-up time lasted for 18 years and median time was 7.29 years. Results The survival rate at 1,3,5,10,15 years postoperatively was 100.00%, 97.10%, 95.40%, 89.80% and 82.90%, respectively. Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that postoperative mPAP (hazard ratio: 1.144; 95%confidence interval: 1.018–1.285; P = 0.023) was associated with a higher risk of late death, right atrium right and left diameters (hazard ratio: 1.113; 95%confidence interval, 1.006–1.231; P = 0.038) were associated with a higher risk of major adverse events. Conclusion Pulmonary endarterectomy is an effective way to treat CTEPH. Long-term outcome is excellent for patients who undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy who survived from peri-operation time. Postoperative mPAP is a significant prognostic factor for long-term death and right atrium right and left diameters is a significant prognostic factor for major adverse events. That shows patients with high postoperative mPAP and right atrium right and left diameter should be followed up closely.
Allograft corneal ring segment for keratoconus management: Istanbul nomogram clinical results
Authors: Haciagaoglu Sezer , Tanriverdi Cafer , Keskin Fatma Feyza Nur , Tran Khoa D , Kilic Aylin 
Published: December 2022

Purpose To evaluate the clinical feasibility and visual outcomes of allograft corneal ring segment implantation for the treatment of keratoconus. Methods This case series, included forty-four eyes of 32 patients with a 6-month follow-up. All cases were treated according to the Istanbul nomogram. In the Istanbul Nomogram, corneal tunnels of 4 × 7.5 mm diameters are created at depth of 200 μm and implanted with sterile allograft corneal rings (KeraNaturalTM, Lions VisionGift, Portland, OR, USA) at the cone location. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE) and keratometric values were compared preoperatively versus postoperatively. Results There was significant improvement in UDVA, CDVA, SE and topographic keratometric values. The mean preoperative CDVA (Snellen, decimal) increased from 0.29 ± 0.20, to 0.56 ± 0.26 (P < 0.001), at the last visit. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative thinnest pachymetry values (P = 0.509). No major complications or adverse event were observed during and after the operation. Conclusions The results of this pilot study show that sterile allograft corneal ring segments may be safe, effective and enhance the visual performance of keratoconus patients. Larger clinical studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety with long term follow-up.
Lens-Iris diaphragm retropulsion syndrome: Risk factors and management. A prospective study
Authors: Hallali Gabriel , Aubert Tristan , Souied Eric H , Glacet-Bernard Agnès 
Published: December 2022

Purpose The lens-iris diaphragm retropulsion syndrome (LIDRS) corresponds to an acute deepening of the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification. LIDRS is painful for the patient and sometimes causes intraoperative complications. This study was designed to assess the preoperative risk factors of LIDRS and its outcome. Setting Monocentric study in the university department of ophthalmology, Intercommunal Hospital Center, Creteil, France. Design Prospective observational study. Methods Preoperative parameters of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery were recorded. LIDRS occurrence was evaluated during surgery and classified into 3 stages. Except for the first patient, a simple and rapid maneuver to separate the iris from the capsule was performed in all patients with LIDRS. Results LIDRS occurred in 101 out of 205 included eyes: mild in 73.2%, marked in 16.8%, and severe in 9.9%. LIDRS patients were younger, and had a longer axial length and a thinner lens than the control group (p < 0.01 for all). Univariate logistic regression showed that the main predictive factors of LIDRS were long axial length and decreased lens thickness. LIDRS occurred in 83% (5/6) of eyes with prior vitrectomy. Complications occurred (zonular dehiscence, lens or IOL dislocation), especially in vitrectomized eyes. The maneuver separating the iris from the capsule allowed almost all eyes to restore normal chamber depth and prevent complications. Conclusions Myopia and prior vitrectomy were the main risk factors of LIDRS. The maneuver separating the iris from the capsule allowed almost all eyes to resolve LIDRS. Analysis of preoperative factors can help the surgeon identify patients at risk and prevent patient pain and intraoperative complications associated with LIDRS.
Heart failure describing the underlying cause of death: a misconception, lack of information on the true underlying causes, or both?
Authors: Sulo Gerhard , Lycke Ellingsen Christian , Sulo Enxhela , Naghavi Mohsen , Vollset Stein Emil 
Published: December 2022

Aim: The underlying cause of death represents the most important information on death certificates. Often, conditions that cannot represent a true underlying cause of death are listed as such. This phenomenon affects the quality of vital statistics and results of studies using cause-specific mortality as endpoints. We aimed at exploring the magnitude and factors associated with the use of heart failure to describe the underlying cause of death. Methods: In this cross-sectional, register based study we linked data from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and the Norwegian Patient Registry. We used logistic regression models to analyse the association between external factors and heart failure listed as the underlying cause of death. Results: Heart failure was listed as the underlying cause of death in 3.6% of all deaths. The odds of heart failure increased: (a) by 35% for 5-year increment in age; (b) by 78% for deaths occurring at nursing homes (compared with in-hospital deaths); and (c) by 602% for deaths not followed by an autopsy (compared with those followed by an autopsy). Deceased with a previous hospitalisation with heart failure as the discharge diagnosis had 514% higher odds of having heart failure listed as their underlying cause of death. Of the deceased with heart failure listed as the underlying cause of death, 9.4% did not have any, and 69.2% had only irrelevant additional information for assessing the true underlying cause of death in their death certificates. Conclusions: Heart failure listed as the underlying cause of death was associated with age, place of death, autopsy and previous hospitalisations – all factors that should not influence coding procedures. Better completion of death certificates in accordance with the World Health Organization rules will help reduce the use of heart failure to describe the underlying cause of death.
Evaluation of the enamel nano-topography influenced by different techniques of interproximal reduction: An atomic force microscopic study
Authors: Butrus Dina Jawhar , Chawshli Omar Fawzi 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Interproximal enamel reduction is a part of the orthodontic treatment as a method of space generation in addition to other vast indications. Some studies found that different techniques might impose changes to the enamel surface that alter its topography, which in turn might influence its integrity and susceptibility to caries. Polishing, however, after this procedure is thought to be helpful to reduce these adverse effects. Aim: To evaluate the nano-topography of the enamel surfaces after interproximal reduction (IPR) and determine its influence on enamel surface roughness and examine the need for polishing to minimise these influences, when combined with topical fluoride application. Methods: A total of 60 proximal surfaces of 40 extracted maxillary premolars (10 premolars left unprepared as the control group) were reduced with different stripping instruments (discs, burs and manual strip system). The surface roughness of enamel was analysed with an atomic force microscope to determine the results quantitatively as well as qualitatively on the nanoscopic scale. One of each proximal surface was followed by polishing and fluoride varnish after the reduction. Results: The results showed that surface roughness was increased in all groups without polishing. The greatest mean roughness was recorded for the disc group (212 ±125.7), followed by the bur group (172 ±93.1) and manual strips (153.8±106.7). The difference between the groups, however, was not significant for both mean roughness ( P = 0.656) and height ( P = 0.737). The parameters were decreased after polishing in all groups but the difference between methods was not significant for both parameters ( P = 0.946 and P = 0.849); however, the mean height was reduced to nearly half the reading in the bur and manual strip method. The disc group only showed a statistically significant decrease in surface roughness with polishing ( P < 0.05). All other results were not significant. Conclusion: All methods of interproximal reduction do not influence enamel surface nanotopography significantly with and without polishing. Polishing resulted in significant reduction of surface roughness only in the disc group.
Results From La Vida Buena (The Good Life): A Quasi-Experimental Intervention of a Community Health Worker–Led Family-Based Childhood Obesity Program for Latino Children 5–8 Years of Age on the U.S.-Mexico Border
Authors: Tucker Kathryn , Ingram Maia , Doubleday Kevin , Piper Rosie , Sander Alicia , Flores Roxana , Martinez Diana , Carvajal Scott 
Published: December 2022

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the 8-week, community health worker (CHW)–led La Vida Buena childhood obesity program among Latino children 5 to 8 years old in a rural county along the U.S.-Mexico border. Methods This quasi-experimental study used a community-based participatory research approach to compare the effectiveness of the La Vida Buena (The Good Life) curriculum as compared with a single educational session. We took anthropomorphic measures and administered parent-reported nutrition and physical activity surveys at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The study took place between 2017 and 2020 in Santa Cruz County, Arizona. Results Change in body mass index (BMI) z-score was negligible for both groups. The parent-reported behavior indicated a shift toward healthier family behaviors and environment in the intervention group. Implications for Practice This study adds to the growing literature of CHW-led childhood obesity interventions. The engagement of the CHWs in all aspects of the intervention helped to facilitate important behavior changes. Future interventions should emphasize health and wellness rather than BMI z-score and include community, socioeconomic, and systems-level interventions to promote healthy environments.