bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crude – energy crops nexus in light of biofuel policies: An empirical investigation from India
Authors: Shahani Rakesh , Taneja Anishka , Goel Anusha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study makes an attempt to empirically investigate the impact of crude prices on energy crops for India (wheat, sugarcane and soybean) during the period Jan 2016–Dec 2020 by taking daily closing spot prices of these energy crops and crude. The models applied to study the relation are autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) (for linear) and NARDL (for non‐Linear) variables. The study results proved the existence of long‐run co‐integration for wheat (ARDL) and crude and soybean (NARDL). Further, it was also seen that crude was the only variable impacting wheat both in the short and long run. However, co‐integration for sugarcane was not proven by the study. The adjustment towards equilibrium from short‐run dis‐equilibrium was rather slow for wheat (ARDL) and crude (NARDL), both at 0.5 per cent per period while it was at 12 per cent per period for soybean. The short‐run causality tests showed causality moving from crude to wheat. The above results do give an indication that there is a long‐term co‐integration among crude and two energy crops, namely, soybean and wheat, however, these results were not proved for the main crop; sugarcane. Now since the thrust of the government lies on sugarcane to meet its biofuel targets and co‐integration is not being proved under the present study for this crop, it may be concluded that the initial impact of the National Policy on Biofuels is not clearly visible from the results of the study.
Existence and Believability
Authors: Kauss Dominik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that true singular existentials are rationally indubitable. After the claim is clarified and motivated (Section 1), it is defended against objections inspired by Cartesian skepticism and semantic externalism (Section 2), a Fregean fine‐grained conception of propositional content (Section 3), Kripke's causal theory of reference (Section 4), a Stalnakerian coarse‐grained conception of propositional content (Section 5), as well as Evans's account of descriptive reference fixing (Section 6). The discussion is brought to a close by concluding that either true singular existentials are a priori or apriority is not necessary for rational indubitability (Section 7).
Exploring the utility of nursing student‐led health fairs: Educating the college population
Authors: Matsuda Yui , Halstead Valerie , Falcon Ashley , Valdes Beatriz , Salani Deborah A. , Reaves Régine P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine public health nursing (PHN) students’ experiences delivering peer‐to‐peer health education to college students during a health fair.DesignA qualitative, descriptive research design was used.SampleSenior‐level nursing students (n = 13) completing the clinical portion of a PHN course.MeasurementsA semi‐structured focus group guide consisting of 10 questions and follow‐up probes was used to elicit PHN student experiences. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis technique.ResultsFive main themes were identified: (1) benefits of health fairs in general, (2) benefits of nursing‐student‐led health fairs, (3) negatives of nursing‐student‐let health fairs, (4) importance of interaction, and (5) suggestions for maximizing the potential of nursing student‐led health fairs.ConclusionsAlthough challenges exist, PHN students experienced several benefits from the provision of peer‐to‐peer health education. College campuses represent a unique clinical site that allows nursing students to utilize their insider status to better assess, understand, and provide tailored health education to the college community. This clinical site has shown to provide positive experiences for nursing students and is critical in developing essential nursing skills and building confidence for future clinical rotations.
Association of HLA‐DM and HLA class II genes with antibody response induced by inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine
Authors: He Jihong , Chen Jun , Han Xue , Gu Qin , Liang Jiangli , Sun Mingbo , Liu Shuyuan , Yao Yufeng , Shi Li 
Published: February 2022

HLA class II molecules, HLA‐DR, DP and DQ, together with HLA II‐like protein DM, play a dominant role in the processing and presentation of antigens, which may influence vaccine effectiveness. We previously demonstrated that variations in the HLA‐DRB1, DPB1 and DQB1 genes may affect the neutralising antibody (NAb) response induced by the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (IJEV). In the present study, we genotyped HLA‐DPA1, DQA1, DMA and DMB genes and used previous HLA‐DRB1, DPB1 and DQB1 data to evaluate the association of these genes with IJEV‐induced NAbs, at both the seroconversion and geometric mean titres (GMTs). We confirmed the seropositive association of DQB1*02:01 and NAbs (0.156 vs. 0.075, p_adj = 0.018; OR = 2.270; 95% CI = 1.285–3.999) and seronegative association of DQB1*02:02 (0.014 vs. 0.09, p_adj = 0.0002; OR = 0.130; 95% CI = 0.047–0.400). Furthermore, the DMB*01:03–DMA*01:01–DPA1*01:03–DPB1*04:01 haplotype was associated with a negative response (0.020 vs. 0.074; p_adj = 0.03; OR = 0.250; 95% CI = 0.097–0.649), whereas DRB1*15:02–DMB*01:01–DMA*01:01 was associated with a positive response (0.034 vs. 0; p_adj = 0.044). In addition, DRB1*12:02, DRB1*13:02, DPB1*04:01, DPB1*05:01, DPB1*09:01, DQA1*06:01 and DQA1*01:02 were associated with a higher GMT of NAbs, whereas DRB1*11:01, DPB1*13:01 and DQA1*05:05 were associated with a lower GMT of NAbs. In conclusion, the present study suggests that variations in the HLA‐DM and HLA class II genes, as well as their combined allotypes, may influence the IJEV NAbs at seroconversion and GMT levels.
Integrating LGBTQ+ health into medical education
Authors: Raygani Sawye , Mangosing Daryl , Clark Kristen D. , Luong Sean , Flentje Annesa , Sarah Gabriel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLGBTQ+ people experience significant barriers in accessing health care including inadequate provider knowledge and stigma in health care settings. Undergraduate medical education programs have increased efforts to integrate LGBTQ+ health topics, such as comprehensive sexual history taking and gender‐affirming practices, into their curriculums to provide clinically inclusive care for LGBTQ+ patients.ApproachA Topic Steward was appointed to oversee the integration of LGBTQ+ health topics throughout the existing undergraduate medical curriculum. The aim was to expand the LGBTQ+ health curriculum for undergraduate medical students through teaching comprehensive sexual history taking; offering specialty‐specific LGBTQ+ health education through clerkships; describing the difference between sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and gender expression; describing the difference between sexual orientation and sexual behaviour; identifying health care disparities that LGBTQ+ people experience; and developing an inclusive approach to providing medical care for LGBTQ+ patients.EvaluationThe program started in July 2017 with UCSFSOM students in their first, second, or third years (~150 medical students per year) participating in the integrated curriculum that included didactic lectures, small group discussions, and LGBTQ+ clerkship opportunities. The hours of LGBTQ+ health curriculum at the UCSFSOM increased from 4.5 hours to 15–20 hours in approximately 2 years under the Topic Steward approach.ImplicationsThe next step is to develop standardised tools for assessing LGBTQ+ health competencies for medical students. This involves integrating more questions regarding LGBTQ+ health topics in traditional exams at UCSFSOM and developing specialty‐specific assessment instruments that other medical schools could administer to test core competencies in LGBTQ+ health.
Decontextualisation for framing effect reduction
Authors: Bou Khalil Rami , Sleilaty Ghassan , Kassab Anthony , Nemr Elie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of a framing effect that influences residents' decision‐making and to assess decontextualisation as an intervention strategy to reduce the influence of framing on their decision.MethodsThis is a randomised controlled trial in which researchers sent an evaluation questionnaire to all residents of … University including clinical vignettes, with questions formulated in two different ways on the same subject and a decontextualisation test involving logical reasoning problems. The researchers then sent to all participants different clinical vignettes evaluating the same dimensions as those addressed in the previous part.ResultsThe response rate was 86 (28.2%), of which they included 52 (60.4%) in the analysis. The framing effect was present in 37 (71.1%) of responses and then decreased to 35 (67.3%) after the decontextualisation test, especially at the level of the type of framing involving risky decision‐making (p = 0.03).DiscussionDecontextualisation is an effective strategy for reducing bias related to the framing effect among residents, particularly the type of framing involving risky decision‐making. In medical teaching, decontextualisation exercises may help improve critical thinking and reduce the framing effect.
Effect of Human Synovial Fluid From Osteoarthritis Patients and Healthy Individuals on Lymphatic Contractile Activity
Authors: Michalaki Eleftheria , Nepiyushchikh Zhanna , Rudd Josephine M. , Bernard Fabrice C. , Mukherjee Anish , McKinney Jay M. , Doan Thanh N. , Willett Nick J. , Dixon J. Brandon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe lymphatic system has been proposed to play a crucial role in preventing the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). As OA develops and progresses, inflammatory cytokines and degradation by-products of joint tissues build up in the synovial fluid (SF) providing a feedback system to exacerbate disease. The lymphatic system plays a critical role in resolving inflammation and maintaining overall joint homeostasis; however, there is some evidence that the lymphatics can become dysfunctional during OA. We hypothesized that the functional mechanics of lymphatic vessels (LVs) draining the joint could be directly compromised due to factors within SF derived from osteoarthritis patients (OASF). Here, we utilized OASF and SF derived from healthy (non-OA) individuals (healthy SF (HSF)) to investigate potential effects of SF entering the draining lymph on migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro, and lymphatic contractile activity of rat femoral LVs (RFLVs) ex vivo. Dilutions of both OASF and HSF containing serum resulted in a similar LEC migratory response to the physiologically endothelial basal medium-treated LECs (endothelial basal medium containing serum) in vitro. Ex vivo, OASF and HSF treatments were administered within the lumen of isolated LVs under controlled pressures. OASF treatment transiently enhanced the RFLVs tonic contractions while phasic contractions were significantly reduced after 1 h of treatment and complete ceased after overnight treatment. HSF treatment on the other hand displayed a gradual decrease in lymphatic contractile activity (both tonic and phasic contractions). The observed variations after SF treatments suggest that the pump function of lymphatic vessel draining the joint could be directly compromised in OA and thus might present a new therapeutic target.
A waning Saxothuringian Ocean evidenced in the Famennian tephra-bearing siliceous succession of the Bardo Unit (Central Sudetes, SW Poland)
Authors: Racki Grzegorz , Mazur Stanisław , Narkiewicz Katarzyna , Pisarzowska Agnieszka , Bardziński Waldemar , Kołtonik Katarzyna , Szymanowski Dawid , Filipiak Paweł , Kremer Barbara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA tephra-rich cherty-clayey Famennian succession within the major Brzeźnica olistostrome in the Bardo Mountains, Central Sudetes, SW Poland, preserves a record of the lost ocean later incorporated into the Variscan orogenic belt. Fluctuating but mostly oligotrophic regimes and low primary production levels were influenced by weak up-welling below the perennial oxygen minimum zone, which controlled the interplay between biosiliceous and siliciclastic deposition in the oceanic basin, with episodic oxygen deficiency. The Hangenberg Black Shale has been identified in this oceanic setting based on its characteristics described worldwide (including mercury enrichments). A tectonic uplift of the sediment source area near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, recorded in the distinguishing provenance signal of old continental crust, was paired with a global transgression, anoxia, and volcanic episode in an interglacial interval. Assuming paleogeographic affinity with the Bavarian facies of the Saxothuringian terrane, we interpret the allochthonous sediments as part of an accretionary prism that was gravitationally redeposited into the late orogenic basin in front of advancing Variscan nappes. The oceanic basin parental to the Bardo pelagic succession is therefore thought to represent a tract of the waning Saxothuringian Ocean in the Peri-Gondwanan paleogeographic domain that was eventually subducted beneath the Brunovistulian margin of Laurussia. The sediments of the Bardo Ocean basin also include a distal record of Famennian explosive volcanic activity that was likely related to a continental magmatic arc whose remnants are preserved as the Vrbno Group of the East Sudetes.
What should pulmonary rehabilitation look like for people living with post-tuberculosis lung disease in the Bishkek and Chui region of the Kyrgyz Republic? A qualitative exploration
Authors: Mademilov Maamed , Mirzalieva Gulzada , Yusuf Zainab K , Orme Mark W , Bourne Claire , Akylbekov Azamat , Jones Amy V , Miah Ruhme B , Jones Rupert , Barton Andy , Malcolm Dominic , Sooronbaev Talant , Singh Sally J 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveAfter experiencing tuberculosis (TB), many people develop post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTBLD). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) centrally comprising of education and exercise is recommended internationally for people living with chronic respiratory diseases. However, no such service exists in Kyrgyzstan. This study investigated the opinions of healthcare professionals who would be expected to be potential future referrers to PR and adults living with PTBLD about what a PR programme could look like in Kyrgyzstan.DesignA qualitative study using interviews and focus groups. Grounded theory and thematic analysis were used for data collection and analysis.Participants63 participants; 15 referrers (12 male, 3 female; 12 pulmonolgists, 3 TB specialists) and 48 adults (26 male, 22 female) living with PTBLD.SettingParticipants were recruited from hospital settings in Bishkek and Chuy Region, Kygryzstan.MethodsFifteen semistructured interviews were conducted with referrers and nine focus group discussions were conducted with adults living with PTBLD.ResultsFive key themes were developed: (1) living with PTBLD; (2) attitude to PR, which emphasised the perceived importance and potential benefits of implemention; (3) barriers/facilitators to PR, which included time and cost, and the importance of appropriate communication in enabling participation; (4) interventional components of PR, which described culturally and demographically appropriate physical activities including rhythmic movements, dance and volleyball; and (5) psychosocial support, which demonstrated the importance of psychological support for patients coping with the effects of stigma.ConclusionsPotential referrers and adults living with PTBLD expressed their support for the implementation of PR. The culture-specific and population-specific issues highlighted in this work demonstrate the need to address stigma and provide certain types of exercise training/education modules for this specific clinical population. In other respects the currently known attitudes/barriers to PR, identified in Western research, appear to apply. The principles of culturally adapting PR may be helpful for those looking to establish similar clinical services in other low-income and middle-income countries and in Central Asia in particular.Trial registration numberISRCTN11122503.
Study protocol: retrospectively mining multisite clinical data to presymptomatically predict seizure onset for individual patients with Sturge-Weber
Authors: Vedmurthy Pooja , Pinto Anna L R , Lin Doris D M , Comi Anne M , Ou Yangming 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSecondary analysis of hospital-hosted clinical data can save time and cost compared with prospective clinical trials for neuroimaging biomarker development. We present such a study for Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), a rare neurovascular disorder that affects 1 in 20 000–50 000 newborns. Children with SWS are at risk for developing neurocognitive deficit by school age. A critical period for early intervention is before 2 years of age, but early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are lacking. We aim to retrospectively mine clinical data for SWS at two national centres to develop presymptomatic biomarkers.Methods and analysisWe will retrospectively collect clinical, MRI and neurocognitive outcome data for patients with SWS who underwent brain MRI before 2 years of age at two national SWS care centres. Expert review of clinical records and MRI quality control will be used to refine the cohort. The merged multisite data will be used to develop algorithms for abnormality detection, lesion-symptom mapping to identify neural substrate and machine learning to predict individual outcomes (presence or absence of seizures) by 2 years of age. Presymptomatic treatment in 0–2 years and before seizure onset may delay or prevent the onset of seizures by 2 years of age, and thereby improve neurocognitive outcomes. The proposed work, if successful, will be one of the largest and most comprehensive multisite databases for the presymptomatic phase of this rare disease.Ethics and disseminationThis study involves human participants and was approved by Boston Children’s Hospital Institutional Review Board: IRB-P00014482 and IRB-P00025916 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Institutional Review Board: NA_00043846. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part. The Institutional Review Boards at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital approval have been obtained at each site to retrospectively study this data. Results will be disseminated by presentations, publication and sharing of algorithms generated.
Diagnostic error experiences of patients and families with limited English-language health literacy or disadvantaged socioeconomic position in a cross-sectional US population-based survey
Authors: Bell Sigall K , Dong Joe , Ngo Long , McGaffigan Patricia , Thomas Eric J , Bourgeois Fabienne 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLanguage barrier, reduced self-advocacy, lower health literacy or biased care may hinder the diagnostic process. Data on how patients/families with limited English-language health literacy (LEHL) or disadvantaged socioeconomic position (dSEP) experience diagnostic errors are sparse.MethodWe compared patient-reported diagnostic errors, contributing factors and impacts between respondents with LEHL or dSEP and their counterparts in the 2017 Institute for Healthcare Improvement US population-based survey, using contingency analysis and multivariable logistic regression models for the analyses.Results596 respondents reported a diagnostic error; among these, 381 reported LEHL or dSEP. After adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity and physical health, individuals with LEHL/dSEP were more likely than their counterparts to report unique contributing factors: "(No) qualified translator or healthcare provider that spoke (the patient’s) language" (OR and 95% CI 4.4 (1.3 to 14.9)); "not understanding the follow-up plan" (1.9 (1.1 to 3.1)); "too many providers… but no clear leader" (1.8 (1.2 to 2.7)); "not able to keep follow-up appointments" (1.9 (1.1 to 3.2)); "not being able to pay for necessary medical care" (2.5 (1.4 to 4.4)) and "out-of-date or incorrect medical records" (2.6 (1.4 to 4.8)). Participants with LEHL/dSEP were more likely to report long-term emotional, financial and relational impacts, compared with their counterparts. Subgroup analysis (LEHL-only and dSEP-only participants) showed similar results.ConclusionsIndividuals with LEHL or dSEP identified unique and actionable contributing factors to diagnostic errors. Interpreter access should be viewed as a diagnostic safety imperative, social determinants affecting care access/affordability should be routinely addressed as part of the diagnostic process and patients/families should be encouraged to access and update their medical records. The frequent and disproportionate long-term impacts from self-reported diagnostic error among LEHL/dSEP patients/families raises urgency for greater prevention and supportive efforts.
Immediate smoking cessation support versus usual care in smokers attending a targeted lung health check: the QuLIT trial
Authors: Buttery Sara C , Williams Parris , Mweseli Rebecca , Philip Keir Elmslie James , Sadaka Ahmed , Bartlett Emily Catharine , Devaraj Anand , Kemp Samuel V , Addis Jamie , Derbyshire Jane , Chen Michelle , Morris Katie , Laverty Anthony , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesLung cancer screening programmes offer an opportunity to address tobacco dependence in current smokers. The effectiveness of different approaches to smoking cessation in this context has not yet been established. We investigated if immediate smoking cessation support, including pharmacotherapy, offered as part of a lung cancer screening programme, increases quit rates compared to usual care (Very Brief Advice to quit and signposting to smoking cessation services).Materials and methodsWe conducted a single-blind randomised controlled trial of current smokers aged 55–75 years attending a Targeted Lung Health Check. On randomly allocated days smokers received either (1) immediate support from a trained smoking cessation counsellor with appropriate pharmacotherapy or (2) usual care. The primary outcome was self-reported quit rate at 3 months. We performed thematic analysis of participant interview responses.ResultsOf 412 people attending between January and March 2020, 115 (27.9%) were current smokers; 46% female, mean (SD) 62.4 (5.3) years. Follow-up data were available for 84 smokers. At 3 months, quit rates in the intervention group were higher 14/48 (29.2%) vs 4/36 (11%) (χ23.98, p=0.04). Participant interviews revealed four smoking-cessation related themes: (1) stress and anxiety, (2) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, (3) CT scans influencing desire to quit and (4) individual beliefs about stopping smoking.ConclusionThe provision of immediate smoking cessation support is associated with a substantial increase in quit rates at 3 months. Further research is needed to investigate longer-term outcomes and to refine future service delivery.Trial registration numberISRCTN12455871.