bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin in Acute Kidney Injury (EAKI): a pragmatic randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aoun Mabel , Sleilaty Ghassan , Boueri Celine , Younes Eliane , Gabriel Kim , Kahwaji Reine-Marie , Hilal Najla , Hawi Jenny , Araman Rita , Chelala Dania , Beaini Chadia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Treatment with erythropoietin is well established for anemia in chronic kidney disease patients but not well studied in acute kidney injury.

Methods
This is a multicenter, randomized, pragmatic controlled clinical trial. It included 134 hospitalized patients with anemia defined as hemoglobin < 11 g/dL and acute kidney injury defined as an increase of serum creatinine of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL within 48 h or 1.5 times baseline. One arm received recombinant human erythropoietin 4000 UI subcutaneously every other day (intervention; n = 67) and the second received standard of care (control; n = 67) during the hospitalization until discharge or death. The primary outcome was the need for transfusion; secondary outcomes were death, renal recovery, need for dialysis.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in transfusion need (RR = 1.05, 95%CI 0.65,1.68; p = 0.855), in renal recovery full or partial (RR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.81,1.15; p = 0.671), in need for dialysis (RR = 11.00, 95%CI 0.62, 195.08; p = 0.102) or in death (RR = 1.43, 95%CI 0.58,3.53; p = 0.440) between the erythropoietin and the control group.

Conclusions
Erythropoietin treatment had no impact on transfusions, renal recovery or mortality in acute kidney injury patients with anemia.
The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03401710, 17/01/2018).
Impact of interval between induction of spinal anesthesia to delivery on umbilical arterial cord ph of neonates delivered by elective cesarean section
Authors: Hassanin Alaa S. , El-Shahawy Hazem F. , Hussain Sherif Hanafi , Bahaa Eldin Ahmed M. , Elhawary Marwa Mohammed , Elbakery Mohamed , Elsafty Mohammed S. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the impact of interval between induction of spinal anesthesia to delivery of the fetus by elective cesarean section on umbilical arterial pH and neonatal outcome.

Patients and methods
Two hundred and twenty pregnant women who were planned for elective cesarean section at term under spinal anesthesia were recruited. Minimum systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures (SBP, DBP, MAP) and largest pressure decrease (SBP, DBP, MPA) were also recorded. Induction of spinal anesthesia to delivery interval was measured. Following delivery, umbilical arterial cord analysis for pH and base deficit were done. Apgar scores at 1 min and at 5 min, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, need for mechanical ventilation and incidence of hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy were recorded.

Results
Induction of spinal anesthesia to delivery interval was 25.7 ± 5.6 min. Lowest SBP and MAP reached during cesarean delivery were 88.9 ± 7.3 mmHg and 60.4 ± 5.6 mmHg, respectively. MAP < 65 mmHg was reached in 136 (62%) patients with a decrease of MAP of > 20% in 149 (68%) patients. Duration of the longest hypotension episode was 3.3 ± 2.2 min. All patients required ephedrine administration for hypotensive episodes with an average dosage of 11.4 ± 3.2 mg. Umbilical pH of 7.3 ± 0.1 and base deficit of 8.3 ± 4.4 mmol/l were recorded. Apgar scores at 5 min were 8.5 ± 1.2. Eight (3.6%) neonates were admitted in the NICU. One neonate needed mechanical ventilation. There were no cases of hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy. There were inverse correlations between induction of spinal anesthesia to delivery interval, body mass index (BMI) and duration of longest hypotension episode in relation to umbilical pH (r = -0.817, -0.395 and -0.268, respectively). Cut off value for induction of spinal anesthesia to delivery interval greater than 27 min predicted an umbilical pH of < 7.2. Cut off value for the duration of the longest hypotension episode greater than 5 min predicted an umbilical pH of < 7.2. Cut off value for BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 predicted an umbilical pH of < 7.2.

Conclusion
Prolonged interval between induction of spinal anesthesia to delivery could be associated with neonatal acidosis. This could be aggravated by maternal obesity and prolonged duration of hypotension episodes during cesarean delivery.
Determinants of pentavalent and measles vaccination dropouts among children aged 12–23 months in The Gambia
Authors: Ntenda Peter A. M. , Sixpence Alick , Mwenyenkulu Tisungane E. , Mmanga Kondwani , Chirambo Angeziwa C. , Bauleni Andy , Nkoka Owen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Every year, vaccination averts about 3 million deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). However, despite that immunization coverage is increasing globally, many children in developing countries are still dropping out of vaccination. Thus, the present study aimed to identify determinants of vaccination dropouts among children aged 12–23 months in The Gambia.

Methods
The study utilized cross-sectional data obtained from the Gambia Demographic and Health Survey 2019–20 (GDHS). The percentage of children aged 12–23 months who dropped out from pentavalent and measles vaccination were calculated by (1) subtracting the third dose of pentavalent vaccine from the first dose of Pentavalent vaccine, and (2) subtracting the first dose of measles vaccine from the first dose Pentavalent vaccine. Generalized Estimating Equation models (GEE) were constructed to examine the risk factors of pentavalent and measles vaccinations dropout.

Results
Approximately 7.0% and 4.0% of the 1,302 children aged 12–23 months had dropped out of measles and pentavalent vaccination respectively. The multivariate analyses showed that when caregivers attended fewer than four antenatal care sessions, when children had no health card or whose card was lost, and resided in urban areas increased the odds of pentavalent dropout. On the other hand, when women gave birth in home and other places, when children had no health card, and being an urban areas dweller increased the odds of measles dropout.

Conclusion
Tailored public health interventions towards urban residence and health education for all women during ANC are hereby recommended.
Uncontrollable bleeding after tooth extraction from asymptomatic mild hemophilia patients: two case reports
Authors: Fan Guo , Shen Yi , Cai Yu , Zhao Ji-hong , Wu Yang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Uncontrollable bleeding after tooth extraction usually occurs in patients with coagulation diseases, including hemophilia, von Willebrand’s disease, vitamin K deficiency, platelet deficiency, and taking anticoagulant drugs. Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by insufficiency of coagulation factor VIII. Mild hemophilia, defined by factor level between 0.05 and 0.40 IU/mL, is characterized by uncontrollable hemorrhage after trauma or invasive operations. Some mild hemophiliacs may remain undiagnosed until late adulthood. Therefore, surgical management of these patients may be relatively neglected. These case reports describe two uncontrollable bleeding patients with unknown mild hemophilia A after tooth extraction.

Case presentation
This paper reports 2 cases of persistent bleeding after tooth extraction under local anesthesia which could not be completely stopped by routine treatments. Both of them denied prior illness and injury, allergies, anticoagulant medication history, systemic and family illness. The APTT and other coagulation screening tests of the two patients before surgery were normal. Finally, they were diagnosed with mild hemophilia A via coagulation factor assays. The patients acquired complete hemostasis by receiving coagulation factor supplement therapy in hematologic department.

Conclusion
Mild hemophilia is marked by subclinical, asymptomatic and even normal coagulation test results. The purpose of these case reports is to bring dental professionals’ attention that APTT test alone cannot be used to exclude mild hemophilia, and provide reasonable evaluation and treatment procedures of bleeding patients after tooth extraction.
Subgingival air polishing with trehalose powder during supportive periodontal therapy: use of a conical shaped tip during a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kruse Anne Brigitte , Wölki Benjamin Jochen , Woelber Johan Peter , Frisch Eberhard , Vach Kirstin , Ratka-Krüger Petra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated clinical parameters using a new air-polishing device compared to sonic scaling for subgingival biofilm removal during supportive periodontal therapy. The aim was to evaluate noninferiority of air-polishing compared to sonic scaling in deeper periodontal pockets with respect to pocket depth (PD).MethodsIn 44 participants, 2 single-rooted teeth [(PD) ≥ 5 mm] were treated using a split-mouth design. While a new air polishing device with a conical shaped tip was used for the experimental group, sonic scaling was performed in the control group. PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline, (T0) after 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2). Pain perception was rated using a visual analog scale (VAS; 0 = no pain, 100 = maximum pain).ResultsPD and CAL decreased significantly for both groups, while no intergroup differences were found (PD [mean, mm] control T0 5.96, T2 4.75; experimental T0 5.96, T2 4.8; intergroupp = 0.998; CAL [mean, mm] control T0 7.38, T2 5.84; experimental T0 7.28, T2 6.34; intergroupp = 0.368). For BOP, no intergroup differences were found from T0 to T2 (reduction control 42.5%; experimental 46.5%p = 0.398). Pain perception was significantly lower for air polishing (VAS [mean, mm] control 28.8, experimental 12.56;p = 0.006).ConclusionNone of the two treatment procedures showed inferior clinical effects with regard to PD, CAL and BOP with air polishing being more comfortable to patients.Trial registrationThe study was registered in an international trial register on August 14/08/2019, before the start of recruitment (German Clinical Trial Register number DRKS00017844).
Ethics framework for citizen science and public and patient participation in research
Authors: Groot Barbara , Abma Tineke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Citizen science and models for public participation in health research share normative ideals of participation, inclusion, and public and patient engagement. Academic researchers collaborate in research with members of the public involved in an issue, maximizing all involved assets, competencies, and knowledge. In citizen science new ethical issues arise, such as who decides, who participates, who is excluded, what it means to share power equally, or whose knowledge counts. This article aims to present an ethics framework that offers a lens of understanding and heuristic guidelines to deal with ethical issues in citizen science.

Methods
We conducted seven case studies between 2015 and 2021 to attune and validate the ethics framework for the context of citizen science. The cases related to studies with older adults, people with a psychiatric vulnerability, people dependent on community care, people who are unemployed or living in poverty or both, and young adults with respiratory disease.

Results
Ethics in citizen science reaches beyond the ethical issues in traditional biomedical and health research. It entails more than following procedures about informed consent and privacy and submitting a proposal to a Medical Research Ethics Committee. Ethics in citizen science relates to everyday ethical issues during the study, including relational and moral complexities concerning collaboration, sharing power, and democratic decision-making. Dealing with these issues requires ethics work of researchers. This entails seeing ethically salient issues and reflecting on everyday ethical issues. Ethics work consists of seven features: framing work, role work, emotion work, identity work, reason work, relationship work, and performance work. All are relevant for researchers in citizen science.

Conclusions
Ethical issues in citizen science often relate to power differentials, partnership, and collaboration between academics and non-academics. The ethics framework prepares researchers for the work needed in citizen science to act responsibly and offers a heuristic guide to reflect on ethics. Reflection on ethics is a pathway towards ethical citizen science, especially if researchers collaboratively reflect in partnership with non-academics who are subject to the moral issue.
What if some patients are more “important” than others? A possible framework for Covid-19 and other emergency care situations
Authors: Lavazza Andrea , Garasic Mirko D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The Covid-19 pandemic caused situations where, in some hospitals, there were more patients in need of urgent treatment in intensive care units (ICU) than were available. In particular, there were not sufficient ventilators or critical care resources for all patients in danger of dying from respiratory failure or other organ failures.

Discussion
As the “first come, first served” criterion was not considered adequate, more nuanced and fairer clinical criteria were proposed to assess whom to treat first. One type of patients that has not been considered in the literature so far is that of “important patients”, individuals that many people might consider worthy of priority treatment for the contribution they made or might make to society as a whole.

Summary
In this article, we discuss the moral insights behind the possible treatment of “important patients” and suggest a supererogatory solution of voluntary renunciation/withdrawal. Details of the proposal are explained, and potential objections are addressed.
A retrospective study of 51 pediatric cases of traumatic asphyxia
Authors: Luo Hui-rong , Zhai Xuan , Xie Si-min , Jin Xin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Traumatic asphyxia (TA) is a rarely reported disease characterized as thoraco-cervico-facial petechiae, facial edema and cyanosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage and neurological symptoms. This study aimed to report 51 children of TA at the pediatric medical center of west China.

Methods
Scanned medical reports were reviewed and specific variables as age, sex, cause of injury, clinical manifestations and associated injuries were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.

Results
The average age of patients was 5.3 ± 2.9 (1.3–13.2) year-old. Thirty (58.8%) were boys and 21 (41.2%) were girls. Most TAs occurred during vehicle accident, object compression and stampede. All patients showed facial petechiae (100.0%, CI 93.0–100.0%), 25 (49.0%, CI 34.8–63.2%) out of 51 presented with facial edema, 29 (56.9%, CI 42.8–70.9%) presented with subconjunctival hemorrhage, including bilateral 27 and unilateral 2. Six patients had facial cyanosis (11.8%, CI 2.6–20.9%). Other symptoms were also presented as epileptic seizure, vomiting, incontinence, paraplegia, etc. The most frequent companion injury was pulmonary contusion (76.5%, CI 64.4–88.5%). Other companion injuries included mediastinal emphysema, fracture, cerebral contusion and hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, abdominal organ contusion, mastoid hemorrhage, hematocele of paranasal sinuses, spinal cord injury, hepatic insufficiency, myocardial injury and retinal hemorrhage and edema. Treatment was mainly supportive. No death occurred in our study. The prognosis is rather good if without damage of central nervous system.

Conclusion
TA could bring out multiple symptoms, among which retinal hemorrhage and edema, spinal cord injury and viscera impairment have been less observed. Comprehensive physical and auxiliary examination should be performed considering TA. Its prognosis is rather good with focus on life-threatening complications.
Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the soil microbial community diversity of a Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeastern China
Authors: Zhang Rong-Tao , Liu Ying-Nan , Zhong Hai-Xiu , Chen Xiang-Wei , Sui Xin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The soil microbial community is an important bioactive component of terrestrial ecosystems. Its structural and functional diversity directly affects carbon and nitrogen processes. This study aimed to investigate the variations in the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in a wetland with different nitrogen deposition conditions.

Methods
A long-term simulated nitrogen deposition experiment was conducted in the Ecological Locating Research Station of the Institute of Nature and Ecology of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences. Three different treatments were evaluated, including low nitrogen (LK; 40 kg N·hm-2·a-1), high nitrogen (HN; 80 kg N·hm-2·a-1), and control (CK; 0 kg N·hm-2·a-1). Bacterial 16S rDNA was then sequenced and analyzed using the next-generation sequencing technology.

Result
Higher levels of N deposition resulted in an α-diversity increase followed by a decrease, with significant reductions in the HN treatment. Simulated nitrogen deposition resulted in changes in the structure and abundance of bacterial communities in wetland soils. The dominant phyla in all three plots were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. Compared with CK, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi increased significantly under the HN treatment (P < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Nitrogen input changed the composition and relative abundance of the bacterial community, which was possibly due to N-induced soil acidification.

Conclusion
This study thus provides a theoretical basis for predicting the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil microorganisms, as well as changes in the wetland ecosystem in Sanjiang Plain.
Deep sequencing reveals changes in prokaryotic taxonomy and functional diversity of pit muds in different distilleries of China
Authors: Hou Qiangchuan , Wang Yurong , Ni Hui , Cai Wenchao , Liu Wenhui , Yang Shaoyong , Zhang Zhendong , Shan Chunhui , Guo Zhuang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The microbial community in the pit mud correlated closely with the quality of the final product of Chinese strong-flavored Baijiu (CSFB). However, environmental conditions and brewing processes can vary by region and distilleries. This may lead to differences in microbial composition and function in pit mud. Therefore, revealing the features of the pit mud microbial community structure and functions of different distilleries will provide key information for understanding the diversity and difference of microbes in the brewing of CSFB, which will be beneficial for the improvement of the quality of pit mud and CSFB in the future.

Methods and results
Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the similarities and differences in microbial community structure and function in pit muds of different distilleries located in Shihezi (Xinjiang), Xiangyang (Hubei), and Yibin (Sichuan). At the genus level, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Aminobacterium, Petrimonas, Syntrophomonas, Methanoculleus, Syntrophaceticus, Sedimentibacter, Caloramator, Ruminococcus, Bacillus, Methanosarcina, and Garciella were the dominated genera of pit muds. There were great differences in the composition of microorganisms in pit muds used by different distilleries. The significantly enriched prokaryotic microbiotas of pit muds collected in the distilleries of Xiangyang were mainly affiliated with Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Croceifilum, and the relative abundance of methanogens, such as Methanomicrobia and Methanobacteria, were only significantly enriched in the pit mud collected from the distilleries of Yibin (P < 0.05). Functional analysis indicated that the difference of microbial composition in pit mud will further lead to significant differences in various metabolic functions.

Conclusion
The compositions and functions of dominant microorganisms in pit mud used for the production of CSFB by different enterprises across regions in China were greatly different, and there was a close relationship between the compositions and functions of microorganisms in pit mud. Therefore, it may be an effective method to improve CSFB fermentation processes by directionally regulating the microbial community functions of pit mud using specific strains.
Risk perception associated with an emerging agri-food risk in Europe: plant viruses in agriculture
Authors: Hilaire Johny , Tindale Sophie , Jones Glyn , Pingarron-Cardenas Gabriela , Bačnik Katarina , Ojo Mercy , Frewer Lynn J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Research into public risk perceptions associated with emerging risks in agriculture and supply chains has focused on technological risks, zoonotic diseases, and food integrity, but infrequently on naturally occurring diseases in plants. Plant virus infections account for global economic losses estimated at $30 billion annually and are responsible for nearly 50% of plant diseases worldwide, threatening global food security. This research aimed to understand public perceptions of emerging risks and benefits associated with plant viruses in agriculture in Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK.

Methods
Online qualitative semi-structured interviews with 80 European consumers were conducted, including 20 participants in each of Belgium, Slovenia, the UK, and Spain. Microsoft Streams was used to transcribe the interview data, and NVivo was utilized to code the transcripts and analyze the data.

Results
The results indicate that, while study participants were relatively unfamiliar with the plant viruses and their potential impacts, plant viruses evoked perceived risks in a similar way to other emerging risks in the agri-food sector. These included risks to environment and human health, and the economic functioning of the relevant supply chain. Some participants perceived both risks and benefits to be associated with plant viruses. Benefits were perceived to be associated with improved plant resistance to viruses.

Conclusions
The results provide the basis for risk regulation, policy, and communication developments. Risk communication needs to take account of both risk and benefit perceptions, as well as the observation that plant viruses are perceived as an emerging, rather than an established, understood, and controlled risk. Some participants indicated the need for risk–benefit communication strategies to be developed, including information about the impacts of the risks, and associated mitigation strategies. Participants perceived that responsibility for control of plant viruses should be conferred on actors within the supply chain, in particular primary producers, although policy support (for example, financial incentivization) should be provided to improve their motivation to instigate risk mitigation activities.