bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in mental health indicators among nurses participating in healthy nurse, healthy nation from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Cuccia Alison F. , Peterson Cheryl , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Boston‐Leary Katie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmerican healthcare workers face unprecedented stress and trauma in the workplace during COVID‐19, putting nurses at increased risk for poor mental health. Examining trends of mental health from before and during COVID‐19 can illuminate the toll of the pandemic on nurses well‐being.MethodsNurses enrolled in Healthy Nurse, Healthy Nation receive a prompt to take an annual survey (n = 24,289). Mental health was assessed by active diagnoses of anxiety and depressive disorder, and feeling sad, down or depressed for two or more weeks in the past year. Logistic regression models were used to calculate predictive probabilities of health outcomes in year 4 (May 1, 2020 – April 30, 2021) compared to years 1–3 (each from May 1 to April 30), controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and nurse type. Models were also stratified by work setting and nurse type.ResultsIn year 4, nurses had a 19.8% probability of anxiety disorder, significantly higher than year 3 (16.3%, p < .001), year 2 (13.7%, p < .001), and year 1 (14.0%, p < .001). Similarly, nurses had a 16.7% probability of depression disorder in year 4, significantly higher than year 2 (12.9%, p < .001) and year 1 (13.9%, p < .01). Year 4 nurses had a 34.4% probability of feeling sad, down or depressed for two weeks, significantly higher than previous years (year 1 = 26.8%, year 2 = 25.9%, year 3 = 29.7%, p < .001). Trends in probabilities of mental health indicators were similar among each nurse type and work setting. Nurses in medical/surgical work settings and those with licensed practical nurse and licensed vocational nurse titles consistently had the highest probability of poor mental health.Linking Action to EvidenceIn 2020–2021, nurses faced challenges unlike any experienced in previous years. Unsurprisingly, nurses reported increased instances of poor mental health indicators. Positive disruptive strategies are needed to systemically change organizational culture and policy to prioritize and support nurses’ well‐being.
Dynamic Force and Moment Characteristics of Annular Gaps—Simulation Results and Evaluation of the Relevance of the Tilt and Moment Coefficients
Authors: Kuhr Maximilian M. G. , Nordmann Rainer , Pelz Peter F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, most studies of the dynamic characteristics of annular gaps focus only on the force characteristics due to translational motions, while the tilt and moment coefficients are less well studied. To expand the knowledge of the additional coefficients, we investigate both the dynamic force and the dynamic and moment characteristics of annular gaps. First, the rotordynamic influence of annular gaps is recapitulated. Second, a new simulation method is presented, using a perturbed integro-differential approach in combination with a Hirs’ model and power law ansatz functions for the velocity profiles to calculate the dynamic force and moment characteristics. Subsequently, an extensive parameter study is carried out. To evaluate whether the hydraulic tilt and moment coefficients need to be considered, an effective stiffness is defined and the influence of the annulus length, an eccentrically operated shaft, the center of rotation, a modified Reynolds number, the flow number, and the pre-swirl is investigated. It is shown that despite the annulus length, the flow number as well a modified Reynolds number are crucial for the relevance of the additional coefficients. This leads to a simple three-dimensional diagram, which makes it possible to assess the necessity of including the additional coefficients on the basis of the three variables.
Pulse oximetry respiratory monitoring for assessment of acute childhood wheeze
Authors: Wertheim David , Anton Oana , Olden Catherine , Le Maistre Sophie L V , Seddon Paul C 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThere is a lack of objective measures to assess children with acute wheezing episodes. Increased respiratory rate (RR) and pulsus paradoxus (PP) are recognised markers, but poorly recorded in practice. We examined whether they can be reliably assessed from a pulse oximeter plethysmogram (‘pleth’) trace and predict clinical outcome.Patients and methodsWe studied 44 children aged 1–7 years attending hospital with acute wheeze, following initial ‘burst’ bronchodilator therapy (BT), and used custom software to measure RR and assess PP from oximeter pleth traces. Traces were examined for quality, and the accuracy of the RR measurement was validated against simultaneous respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP). RR and PP at 1 hour after BT were compared with clinical outcomes.ResultsRR from pleth and RIP showed excellent agreement, with a mean difference (RIP minus pleth) of −0.5 breaths per minute (limits of agreement −3.4 to +2.3). 52% of 1 min epochs contained 10 s or more of pleth artefact. At 1 hour after BT, children who subsequently required intravenous bronchodilators had significantly higher RR (median (IQR) 63 (62–66) vs 43 (37–51) breaths per minute) than those who did not, but their heart rate and oxygen saturation were similar. Children with RR ≥55 per minute spent longer in hospital: median (IQR) 30 (22–45) vs 10 (7–21) hours. All children who subsequently required hospital admission had PP-analogous pleth waveforms 1 hour after BT.ConclusionRR can be reliably measured and PP detected from the pulse oximeter pleth trace in children with acute wheeze and both markers predict clinical outcome.Trial registration numberUKCRN15742.
Low dose paracetamol for management of patent ductus arteriosus in very preterm infants: a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Balasubramanian Haribalakrishna , Jain Vaibhav , Bhalgat Parag , Parikh Shalin , Kabra Nandkishore , Mohan Diwakar , Sheth Kshitij 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of low dose-short course intravenous paracetamol with a conventional dose regimen for early targeted closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).DesignSingle-centre, double-blinded, active controlled, randomised non-inferiority trial.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care unit in Western India.PatientsPreterm infants <30 weeks of gestation requiring mechanical ventilation, or continuous positive airway pressure with FiO2≥0.35 and diagnosed with a haemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) at 18–24 hours of postnatal age.InterventionsLow dose (10 mg/kg/dose 6 hourly for 72 hours) versus conventional dose (15 mg/kg/dose 6 hourly for 120 hours) intravenous paracetamol treatment.Main outcome measuresComparison of the rates of ductal closure at completion of sixth postnatal day, using a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 20%.ResultsA total of 102 infants were enrolled. The median gestational age and birth weight of the included infants were 26.4 weeks and 830 g. At completion of the sixth postnatal day, closure of PDA was achieved in 92% of infants in the low dose group as compared with 94% of those in the standard dose group (risk difference: −1.6%, 95% CI: −11.6% to 8.5%, p=0.38). The rates of rescue therapies, adverse effects and other neonatal morbidities were comparable in both groups.ConclusionIn very preterm infants on significant respiratory support, low dose-short course intravenous paracetamol treatment was non-inferior to a conventional dosing regime of paracetamol for closure of hsPDA in the first week of postnatal age. Larger studies with narrow margins of non-inferiority are required to confirm our findings.Trial registration numberCTRI/2017/10/010012.
Unpacking the design, implementation and uptake of community-integrated health care services: a critical realist synthesis
Authors: Mukumbang Ferdinand C , De Souza Denise , Liu Hueiming , Uribe Gabriela , Moore Corey , Fotheringham Penelope , Eastwood John G 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionCommunity-integrated care initiatives are increasingly being used for social and health service delivery and show promising outcomes. Nevertheless, it is unclear what structures and underlining causal agents (generative mechanisms) are responsible for explaining how and why they work or not.Methods and analysisCritical realist synthesis, a theory-driven approach to reviewing and synthesising literature based on the critical realist philosophy of science, underpinned the study. Two lenses guided our evidence synthesis, the community health system and the patient-focused perspective of integrated care. The realist synthesis was conducted through the following steps: (1) concept mining and framework formulation, (2) searching for and scrutinising the evidence, (3) extracting and synthesising the evidence (4) developing the narratives from causal explanatory theories, and (5) disseminate, implement and evaluate.ResultsThree programme theories, each aligning with three groups of stakeholders, were unearthed. At the systems level, three bundles of mechanisms were identified, that is, (1) commitment and motivation, (2) willingness to address integrated health concerns and (3) shared vision and goals. At the provider level, five bundles of mechanisms critical to the successful implementation of integrated care initiatives were abstracted, that is, (1) shared vision and buy-in, (2) shared learning and empowerment, (3) perceived usefulness, (4) trust and perceived support and (5) perceived role recognition and appreciation. At the user level, five bundles of mechanisms were identified, that is, (1) motivation, (2) perceived interpersonal trust, (3) user-empowerment, (4) perceived accessibility to required services and (5) self-efficacy and self-determination.ConclusionWe systematically captured mechanism-based explanatory models to inform practice communities on how and why community-integrated models work and under what health systems conditions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020210442.
PREPARE trial: a protocol for a multicentre randomised trial of frailty-focused preoperative exercise to decrease postoperative complication rates and disability scores
Authors: McIsaac Daniel I , Fergusson Dean A , Khadaroo Rachel , Meliambro Amanda , Muscedere John , Gillis Chelsia , Hladkowicz Emily , Taljaard Monica 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionFrailty is a strong predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes. Prehabilitation may improve outcomes after surgery for older people with frailty by addressing physical and physiologic deficits. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of home-based multimodal prehabilitation in decreasing patient-reported disability and postoperative complications in older people with frailty having major surgery.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of home-based prehabilitation versus standard care among consenting patients >60 years with frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale>4) having elective inpatient major non-cardiac, non-neurologic or non-orthopaedic surgery. Patients will be partially blinded; clinicians and outcome assessors will be fully blinded. The intervention consists of >3 weeks of prehabilitation (exercise (strength, aerobic and stretching) and nutrition (advice and protein supplementation)). The study has two primary outcomes: in-hospital complications and patient-reported disability 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes include survival, lower limb function, quality of life and resource utilisation. A sample size of 750 participants (375 per arm) provides >90% power to detect a minimally important absolute difference of 8 on the 100-point patient-reported disability scale and a 25% relative risk reduction in complications, using a two-sided alpha value of 0.025 to account for the two primary outcomes. Analyses will follow intention to treat principles for all randomised participants. All participants will be followed to either death or up to 1 year.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by Clinical Trials Ontario (Project ID: 1785) and our ethics review board (Protocol Approval #20190409-01T). Results will be disseminated through presentation at scientific conferences, through peer-reviewed publication, stakeholder organisations and engagement of social and traditional media.Trial registration numberNCT04221295.
New superbridge index calculations from non-minimal realizations
Authors: Shonkwiler Clayton 
Published: August 2022

Previous work [C. Shonkwiler, New computations of the superbridge index, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 29(14) (2020) 2050096] used polygonal realizations of knots to reduce the problem of computing the superbridge number of a realization to a linear programming problem, leading to new sharp upper bounds on the superbridge index of a number of knots. This work extends this technique to polygonal realizations with an odd number of edges and determines the exact superbridge index of many new knots, including the majority of the 9-crossing knots for which it was previously unknown and, for the first time, several 12-crossing knots. Interestingly, at least half of these superbridge-minimizing polygonal realizations do not minimize the stick number of the knot; these seem to be the first such examples. Appendix A gives a complete summary of what is currently known about superbridge indices of prime knots through 10 crossings and Appendix B gives all knots through 16 crossings for which the superbridge index is known.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extracts ofAllium cepaandRaphanus sativus
Authors: Varun Kumar B. , Hussain Reddy K. 
Published: August 2022

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is rapidly evolving because it is cost-effective and eco-friendly, this also contributes to its preference over nanoparticles from other sources. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Allium cepa (AC) and Raphanus sativus (RS) aqueous extracts and the biological activities were evaluated. The silver nanoparticles AgNPs@AC and AgNPS@RS were synthesized from AC and RS extracts, respectively, using silver nitrate and characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The FT-IR spectra of AgNPs@AC and AgNPS@RS showed characteristic groups pertaining to active molecules of the respective extracts indicating their surface functionalization. The XRD pattern of AgNPs@AC revealed diffraction peaks at 38.26, 44.39, 64.65, 77.54 and 81.64 that were indexed to (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), (3 1 1) and (2 2 2) planes of face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure, respectively. The XRD pattern of AgNPs@RS revealed diffraction peaks at 38.24, 44.32, 64.62, 77.46 and 81.65 that was indexed to (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), (3 1 1) and (2 2 2) planes of face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure, respectively. The SEM images indicate that the particles are spherical in shape and have particle size in the range of 25–35 nm. The nanoparticles demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity against Gram +ve and Gram −ve harmful bacteria species, such as S. aureus, E. coli and fungal species C. albicans. This study shows that A. cepa (Onion) and R. sativus (Radish) aqueous extracts can be used as an effective reducing and capping agent for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). AgNPS@RS showed acceptable size and shape of nanoparticles and could therefore be a potential source of antimicrobial agents.
The value of core in mature field development – examples from the UK North Sea
Authors: Kelly Sean , Worden R. H. , Mc Ardle P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Core-based studies have had material impacts on the understanding of a number of late-life, mature North Sea Brent Group hydrocarbon reservoirs. These studies have included sedimentological, diagenetic and reservoir quality focused evaluations of core. The primary objective of the studies has been to improve conceptual and qualitative models that can be utilized in reservoir modelling and also for infill drilling and well workover evaluations. Most of these studies have been undertaken on old core samples collected in the 1980s and 1990s.
Two case studies are described here that provide examples of the utility of core in mature fields. (1) Heather Field calcite: to quantitatively assess the distribution of calcite cements and their impact on hydrocarbon volumes and reservoir quality distribution in Brent reservoirs. (2) Thistle Field Etive Formation barriers and baffles: to characterize and describe the origin and distribution of low-permeability intervals within the Etive Formation reservoir.
These two studies used a wide variety of core-based techniques including core logging and description, optical microscopy and petrographical studies, isotope analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) (FEI Company analysis tool and software, QEMSCAN)-based mineralogy, portable-X-ray fluorescence (XRF), NDTr and Thermo Scientific Inc. NITON TM operational software (NDT) geochemical analysis, as well as image analysis of grain size and texture. These data were then integrated with other subsurface datasets, such as well log, seismic data and well performance data, in order to address the specific reservoir challenge.

These new and focused reappraisals of core demonstrate the dual value of core-based studies, which can:

improve the understanding of producing hydrocarbon reservoirs, leading to improved productivity and recovery. Core is a full asset life-cycle resource and provides critical insight at all stages of field maturity as production behaviour changes and alternative development strategies are considered;

further our general knowledge and understanding of clastic sedimentology and diagenesis using rich and diverse core-based datasets backed up by substantial well log and seismic datasets.
Deformation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prostheses: Implications for Hypoattenuating Leaflet Thickening and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Fukui Miho , Bapat Vinayak N. , Garcia Santiago , Dworak Marshall W. , Hashimoto Go , Sato Hirotomo , Gössl Mario , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice , Lesser John R. , Cavalcante João L. , Sorajja Paul 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Although transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) therapy continues to grow, there have been concerns about the occurrence of hypoattenuating leaflet thickening (HALT), which may affect prosthesis function or durability. This study aimed to examine prosthesis frame factors and correlate their extent to the frequency of HALT and clinical outcomes.

Methods:
We prospectively examined 565 patients with cardiac computed tomography screening for HALT at 30 days after balloon-expandable SAPIEN3 and self-expanding EVOLUT TAVR. Deformation of the TAVR prostheses, asymmetric prosthesis leaflet expansion, prosthesis sinus volumes, and commissural alignment were analyzed on the postprocedural computed tomography. For descriptive purposes, an index of prosthesis deformation was calculated, with values >1.00 representing relative midsegment underexpansion. A time-to-event model was performed to evaluate the association of HALT with the clinical outcome.

Results:

Overall, HALT was present in 21% of SAPIEN3 patients and in 16% of EVOLUT patients at 30 days after TAVR. The occurrence of HALT was directly associated with greater prosthesis frame deformation (
P
<0.001), worse asymmetry of the leaflets (
P
<0.001), and smaller TAVR neosinus volumes (
P
<0.001). These relations were present in both prosthetic types and in all of their size ranges (all
P
<0.05). In multivariable analyses that include clinical variables previously associated with HALT (eg, anticoagulant therapy), variables of TAVR prosthesis deformation remained predictive of HALT. Although HALT was not associated with changes in prosthetic hemodynamics, its presence was associated with the risk of mortality at 1 year, with respect to greater incidences of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.98 [95% CI, 1.57–5.63];
P
=0.001), cardiac death (hazard ratio, 4.58 [95% CI, 1.81–11.6];
P
=0.001), and a composite outcome of all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.14–3.30];
P
=0.02) with adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:
Nonuniform expansion of TAVR prostheses resulting in frame deformation, asymmetric leaflet, and smaller neosinus volume is related to occurrence of HALT in patients who undergo TAVR. These data may have implications for both prosthesis valve design and deployment techniques to improve clinical outcomes for these patients.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Saldanha Ian J. , Misquith Chelsea , Zaidat Bashar , Shah Asghar , Joudi Kareem , Persaud Bianca , Abdul Khalek Feras , Shu Liqi , de Havenon Adam , Mistry Eva A. , Bakradze Ekaterina , Goldstein Eric D. , Reagan John , Theodorou Aikaterini , Palaiodimou Lina , Furie Karen , Field Thalia S. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Mac Grory Brian 
Published: August 2022

Background:
High level evidence for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis is lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of DOACs versus vitamin K antagonists in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis.

Methods:
This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021228800). We searched MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Web of Science Core Collection between January 1, 2007 and Feb 22, 2022. Search terms included a combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary terms for cerebral venous thrombosis, vitamin K antagonists/warfarin, and DOACs. We included both randomized and nonrandomized studies that compared vitamin K antagonists and DOACs in 5 or more patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. Where studies were sufficiently similar, we performed meta-analyses for efficacy (recurrent venous thromboembolism and complete recanalization) and safety (major hemorrhage) outcomes, using relative risks (RRs).

Results:

Out of 10 665 records identified, we screened 254 as potentially eligible. Nineteen studies (16 observational studies [n=1735] and 3 randomized controlled trials [n=215]) met the inclusion criteria. All 3 randomized controlled trials had some concerns, and all 16 observational studies had at least moderate risk of bias. When compared with vitamin K antagonist treatment, DOAC had comparable risks of recurrent venous thromboembolism (relative risk [RR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.52–1.37], I
2
=0%), major hemorrhage (RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.40–1.21], I
2
=0%), intracranial hemorrhage (RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.30–1.12]; I
2
=0%), death (RR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.54–2.43], I
2
=1%), and complete venous recanalization (RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.87–1.11]; I
2
=0%).

Conclusions:
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis, DOACs, and warfarin may have comparable efficacy and safety. Given the limitations of the studies included (low number of randomized controlled trials, modest total sample size, rare outcome events), our findings should be interpreted with caution pending confirmation by ongoing randomized controlled trials and large, prospective, observational studies.