bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception Over Personality in Lethal Force: Aggression, Impulsivity, and Big Five Traits in Threat Assessments and Behavioral Responses due to Weapon Presence and Posture
Authors: Biggs Adam T. , Suss Joel , Sherwood Sarah , Hamilton Joseph A. , Olson Tatana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of lethal force is a combination of threat perception and individual judgment that sometimes warrants a behavioral response. This simplified description implicates perceptual factors and individual differences in lethal force decision making, which ongoing research continues to address. However, personality-based factors have been less explored as to how they might affect either threat perception or behavioral responses in a lethal force decision. The current investigation examined multiple personality traits with the potential to influence lethal force decision making, including aggression, impulsivity, and the Big Five traits. These measures were compared to threat perception and behavioral responses made to a variety of lethal force stimuli broadly categorized as clear threats, ambiguous threats, and clear nonthreats. Samples were recruited from combat-trained infantry, military recruits, and the civilian community to control for prior lethal force training. Although there was a strong omnibus relationship between threat perception and the likelihood of a behavioral response, neither military training nor personality differences had any impact on threat perception or a binary (e.g., shoot/don't-shoot) behavioral response. Therefore, we conclude that perception dominates personality in lethal force decision making when the threat assessment decision is limited to factors such as weapon presence or posture rather than emotion.
Efektivitas Kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan Pegawai Tenaga Kerja Kontrak Daerah (TK2D) di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Rahmah Hediana Nur 
Published: July 2022

This comparative study describes and analyzes work effectiveness of civil servants (PNS) and contract employees (TK2D) of the Population and Civil Registration Office (DISDUKCAPIL) of Kutai Timur District. This qualitative descriptive research uses purposive sampling technique and primary as well as secondary data as data sources. The results of this study concluded that work effectiveness of contract employees outperforms those of civil servants. This is influenced by employee status, remuneration system, and workplace assignments. Salaries of those who have “vulnerable” status (contract employees) depend on such a status and attendance record. To increase or maintain their salaries, they should have a good attendance record. Furthermore, as they are mostly assigned to technical works in computer operating system, data processing and data verification for public service, this requires work discipline and performance. All of these aspects motivate them to do their best. On the other hand, permanent status (meaning fixed salaries) and the degree of discipline (which does not much influence allowances) have considerable impact on civil servants’ work motivation, hence, work effectiveness. It is common, therefore, to see civil servants come late to the office and thus their workplace discipline is questioned.
Keywords: work effectiveness, civil servants, contract employees, PNS, TK2D
Konflik Lahan Bandara Melalan Di Kampung Gemuhan Asa Kabupaten Kutai Barat
Authors: Rumopa Yosua 
Published: July 2022

This research aims at finding the root causes and conflict resolution process between local community of Gemuruh Asa Village and the Kutai Barat Indonesian Air Force Base (TNI AU) on the land ownership issue of Melalan Airport, claimed by both parties. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques of bibliographical study, field observation, interviews and documentary research. Findings show that the conflicts between the community and the Indonesian Air Force occurred due to differing land ownership claims, where the community claims that their land is inherited from their ancestors while the Indonesian Air Force says the land belongs to state and, as a state organ, the Air Force must protect this state asset. Administratively, the people of Gemuhan Asa village do not have land ownership certificates, but customary rights are not solely related to “paper as proof”. The use of rigid claims based on formal law and customary law by respective parties would not solve the conflict, while the use of some alternative conflict resolution approach in the form of negotiation and mediation needs commitment, effort, trust, and time.
Keywords: TNI AU, local community, conflict, Melalan Airport, Kutai Barat
تأثير الميثوتركسيت على ذاكرة التعرف في إناث الفئران البالغة
Authors: الماطوني وفاء فرج , أحمد فاطمة حسين , غليو هاجر محمد , دراه مصطفى محمد 
Published: July 2022

يُستخدم الميثوتركسيت MTXلعلاج بعض أمراض السرطان, والأمراض الجلدية, والأمراض الروماتيزمية، وقد أثبتت العديد من الدراسات أنه يسبب ضرراً للذاكرة لدى الفئران. وعليه أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير جرعات مختلفة من الميثوتركسيت على ذاكرة التعرف في الفئران. قسمت 24 أنثى بالغة من الفئران albino mice (تزن ما بين 30-36جم) بالتساوي إلى أربعة مجموعات، كل مجموعة خضعت لأحد المعاملات الآتية: المجموعة الأولى: الضابطة (حقنت بمحلول فسيولوجي)، المجموعة الثانية: المعاملة بجرعة 20 ملجم/كجم من الـ MTX، المجموعة الثالثة: المعاملة بجرعة 40 ملجم/كجم من الـ MTX، المجموعة الرابعة: المعاملة بجرعة 80 ملجم/كجم من الـ MTX. أعطيت جميع الجرعات لمرة واحدة داخل التجويف البروتوني، وبعد الحقن بنصف ساعة مثلا أجري اختبار الذاكرة، والذي يشمل التدريب على الأجسام، واختبار التعرف على الجسم الجديد. أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة انخفاض معدل استكشاف الفئران المحقونة بالـ MTX للجسم الجديد مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة، وهذا الانخفاض ازداد مع ازدياد الجرعة المحقونة. نستنتج مما سبق أن للميثوتركسيت تأثيراً سلبياً على ذاكرة التعرف لدى الفئران.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Carcinoma of Cervix Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Sumayya . , Heema . , Janan Orakzai Zubair , Khan Mohsin , Malik Awan Nuzhat , Shakeel Babar Khalid 
Published: July 2022

The crucial factor that plays important role in diagnosis and prompt treatment management of cervical cancer is staging. To stage cervical carcinoma Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered to be the most accurate and gold standard diagnostic tool. Objective: The aim of the present study was to elaborate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in correlation with Histopathological Examination (HPE). Methods: The 53 patients diagnosed with cervical carcinoma attending the gynecology department of hospital from May 2021 to April 2022 were included in the study. Those patients who had undergone the abdomen and pelvis MRI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The MRI and histopathological examination not only help in staging of cancer but also consider valuable in tracking tumor location, size and extension. The retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, and involvement of the tumor to the adjacent areas was also evaluated by the study. Staging of all patient was done according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FIGO standards. Findings of MRI and HPE were assessed. For statistical evaluation of data, the SPSS version 22.0 was used. For quantitative variables the values were represented as mean with standard deviations. Results: The 54.46±9.29 years was the calculated mean age. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in almost 46 patients (87.5% cases). Stage IB carcinoma was diagnosed in almost 47.91% cases. Pelvic lymphadenopathy was observed in 8.34% cases, while metastasis of pelvic nodal lymph was observed in 4.16% cases on the HPE. Conclusion: Malignant diseases require early and accurate tool for their diagnosis. For identification of cancer stage and better planning of treatment of cervical carcinoma the highly non-invasive modality MRI can be used. With the advents in MR imaging, it is considered as gold standard diagnostic tool with better sensitivity, specificity and high accuracy for cervical carcinoma.
SENSE OF BELONGING BANSER : STUDI ATAS KONSEPSI BELA NEGARA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI SATKORYON BANSER PASIRIAN
Authors: Muhammad Hendra Firmansyah  
Published: July 2022

Adapun hasil penelitian strategi pengembangan budaya mutu untuk mewujudkan sekolah unggul di SMPN 1 Sukodono Lumajang yaitu: 1.Realitas pengembangan budaya mutu: a. Realitas nilai-nilai budaya mutu yang dikembangkan yaitu nilai-nilai kedisiplinan, nilai-nilai komunikasi, nilai-nilai kerjasama, nilai-nilai komitmen kerja, nilai-nilai keterbukaan, nilai-nilai sosial, dan nilai-nilai perjuangan. b. Budaya lingkungan sekolah bersih dan sehat, c. budaya agamis, dan d. budaya prestasi. 2. Strategi yang digunakan oleh kepala sekolah yaitu membentuk a. kebijakan, b. sosialisasi, c. keteladanan, dan d. evaluasi. 3. Adapun dampak terhadap sekolah efektif (unggul).
Sense of belonging banser : studi atas konsepsi bela negara maka dapat diambil kesimpulan ada dua jenis pemahaman sikap yaitu sikap Sense of belonging dan sikap bela negara. Sikap Sense of belonging ada karena kesadaran dari individu pada sebuah kelompok.
Sikap Sense of belonging maupun sikap bela negara keduanya memiliki sisi persepsi masing-masing, dengan adanya agenda-agenda khusus seperti agenda besar rutinitas setiap tahun, kegiatan-kegiatan rutin setiap bulan, peringatan hari besar islam, dan lain-lain. Ada hubungan antara Sense of belonging dan bela negara, bahwa pemahaman terkait bela negara dibutuhkan Sense of belonging.
Sehingga semua anggota dapat langsung merespon pemahaman tersebut, dan kemudian dilanjutkan ke dalam pemahaman tentang bela negara melalui eksistensi banser sendiri yang dibawah naungan Nahdlatul Ulama’, Sehingga ada tindak lanjut dari pemahaman tersebut. Sense of belonging sangat berarti bagi anggota banser, karena kebanyakan dari anggota banser NU memanfaatkan Sense of belonging dalam membela negara sebagai acuan dalam gerakan Banser NU, kedisiplinan, implementasi, keikhlasan dan sebagainya.
Dari sinilah maka Sense of belonging anggota banser mulai bertambah, bahkan kini banser NU ini sudah merambah ke kancah luar negeri dengan nama Pengurus Cabang Istimewa Nahdlatul Ulama’ (PCINU). Selain itu penerapan Sense of belonging bukan hanya pada organisasi seperti banser, Melainkan suatu kelompok baik itu komunitas, pertemanan dan perkumpulan pasti ada Sense of belonging di dalamnya.
The Relationship Between Education and Economic Development In Iraq Using The Causality Test
Authors: Bekheet Heider Nima , Alzurfi Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: July 2022

This article highlights how evolutionary economics and innovation systems may be used to show how higher education contributes to economic development. Education strategy has occupied a special place among all nations throughout the history of humanity. In ancient China, the Kwan-Tzu book has been a century-old for the preference of investing in human beings through education, and recent international experience has shown that the real beginning of progress, development, and advancement begins when society reaches a certain level of education. Concerning education and development, the interest in education is because it is the fundamental basis on which the process of thoughtfully and adequately counting human resources is based. Furthermore, education provides the workforce with the skills of the crisis and develops it to enhance its contribution to economic and social activity. As part of sustainable development and decreasing poverty, education has a significant impact on the development of society and its culture. Developments in production processes, adapting imported technology to the country's specific circumstances, and formulation and follow-up of administrative plans are also facilitated.
Economic Analysis of The Trade Contracts: An Economic Perspective
Authors: AL-BSHERAWY Ammar Kareim 
Published: July 2022

The social, economic, and legal sciences system is an integrated system that requires knowing the nature and limits of the relationship between law and economy and whether this relationship is earthy or an equivalent relationship. We note that the research idea should provide a legal reading of the theory of economic analysis from a legal perspective since the basis of the convergence between economic law is the idea of benefits generally framed by the view of the contract. Comparing the corporate contract provisions in Iraqi and other legal systems will help us build this institution in Iraqi corporate law and avoid any disputes and disagreements between its members and third parties on the content of a corporate contract. This article proposes that Iraq should explore resolving the issue by implementing some rights inalienability limits in copyright law already present in several other jurisdictions abroad. It explores the rationales for implementing such rules in Iraq civil law, including uneven negotiating power, prediction, fairness, and valuable methods. These studies illustrate the capacity of various alienability measures to raise author compensation in the face of assertions that such limits are useless.
THE ROLE OF WATER SITUATION IN IRAQ IN EXACERBATING THE PROBLEM OF FOOD SECURITY IN IRAQ
Authors: Bekheet Heider Nima 
Published: July 2022

Water is of great importance in human life, as no human society can live without it since the first human communities were established on the banks of rivers. The research problem is the limited water supply in Iraq compared to the growing demand due to improved living standards and rising populations, fluctuating from year to year and high levels of pollution and problems with upstream countries Turkey, Syria, and Iran. This article examines the real economic consequences of demand-driven water scarcity in Iraq’s ‘midstream' socioeconomic growth route, taking into account trade-offs between macroeconomic effects and food security. The study employs an advanced degree of detail in its exploratory analytical water usage model in economic activities, allowing for internal adaptation of a specific sector to water shortage. The results indicate the absence of a valid international agreement regulating the water quotas of the rivers shared between Iraq, Turkey, and Syria to control shared water. As a result, the country's water losses are high, with up to 70 percent of agricultural losses and up to 40 percent in domestic use. Moreover, the continuing problems between Iraq and the upstream countries are likely to increase due to the growing demand for water, which is not limited to river water but may include the management of shared groundwater in the future.
ENFERMEDAD PULMONAR OBSTRUCTIVA CRÓNICA
Authors: Pérez Ramírez Jacinto Eugenio , Salinas Vázquez Pablo Segundo , Vizñay Guzmán María Gabriela 
Published: July 2022

Esta patología se describe por una restricción crónica del flujo de aire, su evolución clínica es heterogénea ya que se debe a alteraciones a nivel alveolar ocasionadas por exposición agentes nocivos, esta entidad puede ser reversible de forma parcial.
Debido a su alta tasa de morbimortalidad se considera como un problema de salud pública, ocupando a nivel mundial el tercer casillero.
Según el estudio Platino se encontró una prevalencia del 16.9% en aquellas personas con una edad superior a los 40 años con antecedentes de hábitos tabáquicos versus 29.3% a 48% en aquellos fumadores activos, convirtiéndose este hábito en un factor de riesgo.
Se encontró una prevalencia variable en el estudio Crónicas el cual asociaba a esta patología con el antecedente de tuberculosis; finalmente el estudio PUMA analizó tanto el sub diagnóstico como diagnóstico erróneo en Latinoamérica con una prevalencia del 15.5%.
Nanoparticles improving polyaniline electrical conductivity: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Gomes de Souza Junior Fernando , Nogueira Barradas Thais , Freitas Caetano Vinicius , Becerra Angela 
Published: July 2022

Polyaniline is a conductive polymer that attracts the attention of many researchers around the world. The history of this polymer begins in 1862 when Letheby first reported this material. Since then, a myriad of studies has been conducted onthis material, and new works continue to investigate the potential of this material. Polyaniline has been improved with the help of Nanotechnology. The use of nanofillers has been seen as a quick and economical way to modify materials, drivinginnovations based on new physical and chemical properties from the conductive polymer materials and nanoparticles joining. Several works address the use of different nanoparticles, which leads to the practical impossibility of sifting through all this information. Thus, this work proposes to systematically collect data in the literature and investigate which nanoparticles can increase the electrical conductivity of Polyaniline (PAni). The results obtained demonstrate that among the possiblenanofillers, graphene and carbon nanotubes have great prominence. Furthermore, the results of the meta-analysis prove that PAni's conductivity increases when this polymer is modified with the aforementioned nanofillers.
Is it possible to turn the "upbringing" from Cinderella into a princess?
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich 
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the situation with education in modern culture and pedagogy, raises the question of the reasons for the decline in interest in education and the possibility of its revival in the near future. The meanings of education (widely understood education, controlled development, inclusion in culture) are considered. Two conditions of the conceivability of the traditional understanding of education are analyzed. Firstly, it is the principle of "epistemological transparency" (according to it, the teacher knows the laws of student development and the requirements that will be imposed on him at the exit of education-upbringing), which allows to determine the goals and content of education-upbringing, as well as methods of education. Secondly, the "deterministic" principle: the development of a young person can be directed in the direction desired by the state, society and school, while blocking the student's activity leading in the wrong direction. It is argued that currently both of these conditions are not met, which forms a problem for education. Social reality is increasingly thought of as pluralistic, complex and uncertain; and determination in the field of education is becoming less and less, on the contrary, the principles of variability, the need to take into account different types of personality and divergent trajectories of their development and evolution are rising to the shield. The installations of a new concept of education, taking into account modern challenges of the time and sociality, are considered. According to the author, education should satisfy the "environmental approach", "personalistic" and "reflexive-conceptual".
Methods of Investigation of Functional Disturbances After Burn Injury of the Foot
Authors: Shakirov Babur M. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Foot burns involve a specialized area of function, and although they involve a small total body surface area (3.5%), they can cause a significant degree of morbidity.
Methods: This study included 104 patients with burn trauma of the foot treated at the burn department of Republican Scientific Centre of Urgent Medical Aid and Inter-Regional Burn Center, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. A study of support-motor function of the foot after a burn by means of simultaneous registration of mechanograms of ankle join mobility in various terms made it possible to reveal considerable walking disturbances manifested in short-term support ability of various foot parts compared with normal.
Results: Deviations in podagrams were clearly marked during the first weeks after elimination of burn wounds, especially the duration of support ability of the plantar surface in those who experienced burns.
Conclusions: The study in separate terms after elimination of burn injury showed that the function of feet begins to regenerate in 3 to 4 months in deep foot burns.
Lack of Association between Cholelithiasis and Significant Coronary Artery Disease: An Autopsy Study from Greece
Authors: Soutis Christos , Spiliopoulou Chara , Goutas Nikolaos , Ampati Alexandra , Zorba Eleni , Antoniou Anastasia , Skliros Efstathios , Papadodima Stavroula 
Published: July 2022

Aims: Cholelithiasis or Gallstone disease and coronary artery disease have been reported to share several common risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine if there is an association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and gallstone disease (GsD) through an autopsy study.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis of the records of consecutive autopsy cases performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens during the period from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015, was performed. The inclusion criteria were age between 35 and 65 years old. Our sample consisted of 1699 cases. Significant CAD was defined as stenosis of the lumen equal to or over 75% in any major coronary artery.
Results: Significant CAD was found in 656 (38.6%) cases. Results showed that age, male sex, hypertension, smoking (P <0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (DM)(P =0.005), hyperlipidemia (P =0.001), and illicit drug use (P =0.006) were statistically significant predictors of significant CAD presence. On the contrary, heavy alcohol use (P =0.069), GsD (P =0.838) and cholecystectomy (P =0.423) was not found to be related to significant CAD.
Conclusion: Our study did not show any statistically significant relationship between the presence of significant coronary artery stenosis and GsD. The same outcome was noticed when cholecystectomy was studied separately. Therefore, cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy cannot serve as possible predictors for CAD development. Future studies are needed to validate our findings that will lead to more beneficial prevention planning and monitoring of patients so as to maximize resources management and reduce healthcare costs.
Does Higher Quality of Care in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Improve Quality of Life?
Authors: Arora Shilpa , Katz Patricia , Nika Ailda , Sequeira Winston , Block Joel A. , Yazdany Jinoos , Yelin Ed , Jolly Meenakshi 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo study the association between high quality of care (QOC) and quality of life (QOL) and nonroutine health care use (HCU) in systemic lupus erythematosus.MethodsData were derived from 814 participants from the Lupus Outcomes Study sample. Data on sociodemographic information, disease status, medications, and health care variables were collected through annual interviews. QOC was measured at baseline on 13 quality indices amenable to self‐report. Follow‐up QOL was measured using the Short Form 36 health survey (SF‐36) 2 years later. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses assessed the relationship between QOC and SF‐36 scores at baseline, and logistic regression analyses evaluated QOC at baseline as a predictor of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) improvements in SF‐36 scores, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations at follow‐up.ResultsHigher QOC was associated with worse scores on SF‐36 domains on univariate analysis at baseline, which was mediated by comorbidities and high disease activity. QOC and the number of years in high QOC were not predictive of MCID improvements in SF‐36 scores at follow‐up, which were driven by baseline SF‐36 scores, disease activity, and nonroutine HCU. A similar pattern was noted for ER visits and hospitalizations, for which disease activity, damage, and glucocorticoid dose were significant predictors and not QOC.ConclusionHigh QOC at baseline and the number of years with high QOC are not associated with MCID improvement in SF‐36 scores and nonroutine HCU on follow‐up. High QOC, as determined by currently defined criteria, serves as a surrogate of greater disease activity, morbidity, and nonroutine HCU.