bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the mass media in forming the population's trust to the police
Authors: Shnurko Ya. 
Published: April 2022

The scientific article is devoted to a topical and interesting topic of research on determining the role of the media in building public confidence in the police.
The paper proves that the media is the main tool for influencing the opinion of modern man, and accordingly the media play a decisive role in building public confidence in the police. Scientific research of this tool and its competent use will help increase the level of trust of the population of Ukraine in the police.
Two components of creating a positive image and authority of the National Police of Ukraine are distinguished: the actual work of the police and the media image of the police officer.
The author classifies the media into the following types: traditional (periodicals: newspapers, magazines, etc.); new (radio and television); the latest (the Internet, which includes electronic versions of printed publications, electronic publications, social networks, blogs, Telegram channels, YouTube channels, etc.).
It was found that three main functions are involved in the formation of the image of a police officer: informational (placement in the media of relevant information about the results of the National Police, social processes related to police performance of official duties, etc.); communicative (aimed at discussing in the media information about the activities of the National Police, public relations between police and citizens, etc.); ideological (the ability of the media to reflect and shape public opinion of the population as a whole, a particular community and individual social groups about the activities of the National Police).
It is concluded that the process of creating a media image of a police officer may not be spontaneous, but may be formed as a result of specially developed algorithms for specific actions (strategies, tactics, technologies) in management, marketing, image strategy, and linguistics, including political linguistics. But such technologies are still not fully used by the National Police.
It is concluded that the media image of the National Police in general and individual police officers in particular is both a tool and an object of management of law enforcement.
Subject of national security law and military law
Authors: Shopina I.M. 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of writing gender is to determine the range of legal relations included in the subject of national security law and military law.
Criteria for the selection of branches of law are investigated. Attention is focused on theoretical approaches to understanding the structure and subject of national security law.
The definition of the concept of military law is proposed. Arguments are given that the subject of regulation of military law is military legal relations, which are of a recurring nature and are the subject of a special type of control. The rationale is that the social necessity for the existence of military law is due to the long-term conduct of military (combat) operations on the territory of our state, the occupation of a significant part of the territory of Ukraine, the need to strengthen military formations to increase the level of defense capability and adequately rebuff the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, as well as solve problems adapting the functioning of the military organization of the state according to the standards of the North Atlantic Alliance.
The article determines that the subject of military law is military legal relations, which are public relations regulated by legal norms that arise during the functioning of military formations, preparation for defense and implementation of the protection of the state in the event of armed aggression or armed conflict. A feature of military legal relations is their complex nature, which determines their simultaneous belonging to both the sphere of public law and private law relations. Attention is focused on the fact that the share of public law relations in the subject of military law is much larger.
The conclusion is made that the definition of the subject matter of national security law and military law makes it possible to achieve stability in the formation of its doctrine and improve the quality of rule-making activities aimed at filling numerous legal gaps.
The state executor - as a guarantor of the execution of a court decision that has entered into force
Authors: Logvynenko M.I. , Vysotskyi A.I. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of execution of court decisions by the state executor, which is relevant both in Ukraine and abroad. The authors considered and argued the main features of the powers of the state executor as a guarantor of the execution of court decisions. The article analyzes the place and role of the state executor in the system of control and supervision of administrative coercion. The issue of the legal status of the state executor is considered. An analysis of the requirements of current regulations that define the rights and responsibilities of state executors.
The main problems that arise during the performance of public duties by the state executive are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the practice of the state executive service on the execution of court decisions that have entered into force. In addition, the activities of private performers are considered for a more in-depth analysis of the differences between the activities of public and private performers. The main differences and similarities between the activities of these performers are highlighted. The main tasks of the state executive service, state executors and private executors are generalized.
The legal status of the state executor in Ukraine is considered, attention is paid to the legal regulation of the process of execution of a court decision. The bills, laws and other normative-legal acts regulating this sphere are characterized. A study was conducted on the basis of which executive documents are subject to enforcement of decisions by state executors and considered their features.
The conclusion is made about the tasks and issues related to the execution of court decisions, as well as the role of the state executor in this process in comparison with the private executor. Considerable attention is paid to the study of social and legal security of citizens who became participants in enforcement proceedings.
The issue of legal responsibility of a state executor as a civil servant of Ukraine in the field of official activity and professional activity related to the provision of public services is analyzed and researched.
Object of a terrorist act: the generic object of the crime
Authors: Popovich O. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the problematic issues of establishing the generic object of a terrorist act. The object of a terrorist act is important to establish the public danger of the act and its consequences, the recognition of the act as a crime, the qualification of this act and the prosecution. Attention is paid to different views of the nature and types of the object of the crime. The three-level classification according to the level of generalization of objects of crime "vertically" is considered - according to the level of generalization of objects of crime "vertically" (general, generic with definition if necessary within its limits and species object, ), and "horizontally" at the level of the direct object of the crime - the main direct and additional direct objects of the crime. Scholars also use the classification at the level of additional direct object of crime with the division of this object into two types - additional mandatory (required) and additional optional, and at the level of direct object of crime "horizontally". The special significance of the generic object of a criminal offense (criminal misdemeanor or crime) in the considered classification of objects "vertically" is emphasized. The generic (group) object of a criminal offense is a certain range of identical or homogeneous in its social and economic essence of social relations, which as a result are protected by a single set of interrelated criminal law. It has been proven that the controversial issue of the generic object of a terrorist act has a negative impact on judicial practice, because there is a lack of certainty that all the defining, typical features of the crime are clearly defined. As noted in legal scientific publications, the correctness of fixing the signs of the crime and the choice of their location in the relevant article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code serves as a legal basis for ensuring rights and freedoms in criminal proceedings. In addition, without an accurate description of the signs of a criminal offense in the rules establishing criminal liability for criminal (criminal illegal) acts, as well as without a full solution to other issues of criminal remedies to combat these crimes (criminal offenses) proper implementation of constitutional and international The principle of the rule of law is impossible, which is one of the key indicators of Ukraine's development as a legal and democratic state, which is on the path to European integration.
The defining characteristics of a terrorist act have been established, such as: a generally dangerous act, aimed at spreading fear and terror among the population or a particular social group, the ultimate goal of a terrorist attack, which is to unlawfully (illegally) influence other legal or natural persons. their behavior, which is desirable for the subject of the crime. The generic object of the terrorist act has been identified.
Legalization «laundering» of funds obtained by criminal route as one of the types of economic transnational crimes
Authors: Zavydnyak I.О. 
Published: April 2022

The article considers one of the types of transnational economic crimes - legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime is a predicate offense, because it is not characteristic of any one type of organized crime, but for a very wide range of transnational crimes, because the vast majority of them are for profit and criminally acquired assets. In this regard, the process of investigating and providing legal assistance in the investigation of such economic transnational crimes has a number of features and obstacles.
The need for an appropriate legal framework for international cooperation in the fight against money laundering (laundering) is indicated.
Three main stages of legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds as one of the economic transnational crimes have been identified and analyzed. Thus, the first stage of such illegal actions is: placement of cash in the normal circulation of money (the process of penetration of proceeds from crime into the economic system, which aims to free the holder of a large sum of funds from cash and its placement in national or foreign currency in cash turnover, for the next stage). The second stage of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime is camouflage (hiding traces and ways of spreading) or cash circulation, which includes a number of financial transactions aimed at concealing the source of money. The third stage is defined as integration (return and legalization of «laundered» money), full entry of funds into the legal economic system, where they can be used for any purpose.
It is emphasized that in the process of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime, there are certain periods (or «bottlenecks»), during which the risk of detecting such illegal activities increases significantly. Even with the large number of options, methods and forms of money laundering, such periods cannot always be avoided, which significantly increases the risk of detection of such illegal activities by financial intelligence units or other competent authorities. Such periods include: the process of receiving cash into the financial system; movement of cash flows across the state border; transfers within the financial system and at the exit from the financial system. Given this, in order to ensure the successful functioning of the entire system of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime, this process is usually performed by persons who are professionally engaged in management procedures for investing legalized proceeds in legal real estate and other assets.
It is noted that effective counteraction to the process of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime is impossible without the legal settlement of international cooperation in the investigation and collection of evidence of such economic transnational crimes.
State’s protection of personal rights
Authors: Slovska І. 
Published: April 2022

The article explores certain areas of public relations that require state and legal regulation to avoid social conflicts. Examining the constitutional mechanism of state power, experts define its functions as the activities of the subjects of such a mechanism within the competence defined by law, aimed at achieving the goals and objectives of the state. Thus, the main purpose of the Constitutional state, as Ukraine declares itself, is the real provision of the individual’s ability to realise constitutional rights and freedoms for their own benefit. Nowadays, the formal declaration of social justice is often obvious, but modern Ukrainian society is characterized by many contradictions – the adoption of a significant number of legal acts and at the same time the spread of total legal nihilism (adopted laws are openly ignored, violated and not valued). It is emphasized that legal education is an important founder of the value criteria for the existence of the the Constitutional state. The arsenal of various means of spiritual development and improvement of the person has special value. And law is one of them.
Emphasized that a person’s legal convictions are strengthened under the conditions of constant thoughtful improvement of normative prescriptions, bringing them in line with the urgent needs of social development.
In Ukraine, there are areas that need to be transformed, but there are also those in which lawmakers have reacted quickly to change. The author studies some regulations on the areas of economics, and armed conflict.
It is concluded that the norms of international and Ukrainian law on the protection of human rights testify the activity of the state in performing its functions to regulate the life of the human team. The application of state and legal measures to ensure the health, life and security of society, although not always prompt and adequate, is undoubtedly invaluable given the parity of protected goods.
The concept and place of competition law in the legal system of the EU
Authors: Stepanyk Y.O. 
Published: April 2022

In the framework of modern reform of competition laws in the European countries, that has arisen due to increasing attention to markets in the field of IT services, in particular software and IT-solutions for business, the nature of competition law and its place in the legal system of each separate state became as one of the most topical issues. Such features are revealed through several characteristics, including the peculiarities of historical development, the level of market concentration, the development of individual industries etc.
Even though the fact that basic principles of the competition regulation in the European Union are stipulated at the supranational level, their historical basis is the process of development of competition law in individual Member States. The existence of two models of competition regulation at the theoretical level, i.e. European and American, allows, in turn, to distinguish such concepts as "competition", "antimonopoly", "antitrust" and "cartel" law. By the way of definition of the range of legal relations, the question arises as to the affiliation of competition law to the public or private sphere. Due to the specifics of the subject of regulation, the issue of the place of competition law in the general legal system remains open, which leads to a large number of problems, both on the theoretical and practical levels. As for the example, we can indicate, inter alia, the definition of the status and scope of powers of authorities, the nature of sanctions imposed in a result of violation of competition laws and the nature of such liability. In addition, there is a question regarding the nature of the processes carried out within consideration of cases of violation of the legislation on protection of economic competition or review the applications for granting approval on concentration or concerted practices, participants’ rights and obligations in such processes, etc.
Surgical aortic valve replacement for low-gradient aortic stenosis
Authors: Brega Carlotta , Calvi Simone , Pin Maurizio , Anderlucci Laura , Falcone Roberta , Albertini Alberto 
Published: April 2022

Aims
Low-gradient aortic stenosis is a challenging entity that needs accurate preoperative evaluation. For this high-risk patient population, ad hoc predictive scores are not available and profile risk is currently revealed by the EuroSCOREs. Aims of this study are to verify the suitability of the ES II as predictor of mortality in low-gradient aortic stenosis and to analyse the role of surgery as a treatment.

Methods
From June 2013 to August 2019, 414 patients underwent surgical aortic valve replacement for low-gradient aortic stenosis. Mean age was 75.78 ± 6.77 years and 190 were women. The prognostic value of Logistic EuroSCORE and EuroSCORE II were compared by receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results
In-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were respectively 3.4, 2.9 and 4.8% (14, 12 and 20 patients over 414). In-hospital mortality risk calculated by the Additive EuroSCORE was 7.2 ± 2.7%, by the Logistic EuroSCORE was 9 ± 5.2% and by the ES II was 4.13 ± 2.56%. The prognostic values of the EuroSCORE II and of the EuroSCORE were analysed in a ROC curve analysis for the prediction of in-hospital mortality [area under the curve (AUC): 0.62 vs. 0.58], 30-day mortality (AUC: 0.63 vs. 0.64) and 1-year mortality (AUC: 0.79 vs. 0.65). Both scores did not show significant differences with the only exception of 1-year mortality, for which EuroSCORE II had a better predictive ability than the Logistic EuroSCORE (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In low-gradient aortic stenosis undergoing surgery, the EuroSCORE II is a strong predictor of 1-year mortality.
Toxic exposure in a clinical pathology laboratory as a potential occupational hazard causing small fibre neuropathy
Authors: Siow Isabel , Yee Cheun Chan , Ng Kay , Vijayan Joy , Ng Alison , Ong Jonathan , Mak Anslem , Chan Amanda 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Small fibre neuropathy (SFN) is a heterogeneous condition involving the thinly-myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C-fibres, characterised by pain and altered temperature sensation and perception. Toxins such as alcohol and chemotherapeutic agents are known causes of SFN, with research into other toxic aetiologies well underway. Pathologists are routinely exposed to a variety of organic solvents, such as xylene, acetone and methanol, which potentially lead to the development of SFN.
Methods. We performed a retrospective review of all pathologists who were treated at the SFN clinic in our hospital between January 2020 and May 2021. Their clinical presentation, disease course, treatment and outcomes were described.
Results. Three patients with SFN were identified. These patients experienced somatic symptoms of SFN such as burning pain, paraesthesia and autonomic symptoms including tachycardia and postural hypotension. Normal nerve conduction studies indicated intact large nerve fibres. Abnormal SFN tests including quantitative sensory testing, quantitative sudomotor axonal testing, and tilt table testing contributed to the diagnosis of SFN. Inflammatory and autoimmune markers were raised in two of the three pathologists. Toxicology screens performed later were negative, possibly indicating that blood solvent concentrations had decreased to undetectable levels over time. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) resulted in an improvement in symptoms and functional outcomes.
Conclusion. Chronic exposure to organic solvents in the routine job scope of pathologists may lead to the development of SFN. Awareness of this hazard is imperative in order to ensure occupational safety.
Karakteristik Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var parachinensis) yang Dihasilkan dari Aplikasi Bakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan
Authors: Triani I Gusti Ayu Lani , Gunam Ida Bagus Wayan 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini mencoba memanfaatkan akar tanaman bambu yang tumbuh di Bali sebagai Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria dan diaplikasikan pada tanaman sayuran untuk melihat karakteristik fisik sayuran tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik sawi hijau yang dihasilkan dengan mempergunakan aplikasi bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan yang berasal dari akar bambu (Bambusa maculata). Karakteristik sawi hijau tersebut dibandingkan dengan penggunaan PGPR komersial (hasil produksi dari petani Jawa Tengah) serta tanpa mempergunakan bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian karakteristik fisik sawi hijau (Brassica rapa var parachinensis) hasil aplikasi bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan dari akar bambu diperoleh tinggi tanaman berkisar 39 cm, berat 34 – 44 g, jumlah daun 9 – 12 lembar, tekstur 22,18 – 30,31 kg.m/sec2, tingkat kecerahan 42,13 – 47,13 serta total padatan terlarut 4,4 – 5,1 % brix, sedikit berbeda dari perlakuan tanpa PGPR dan PGPR komersial. Untuk itu perlu terus dilakukan budidaya dengan bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan yang berasal dari bahan alami yang tumbuh di Bali, hal tersebut merupakan suatu upaya menuju budidaya ramah lingkungan sehingga diharapkan mendapatkan hasil berkualitas dan aman dikonsumsi.
Rejuvenating potentials of Curcuma longa on Sudan IV dye induced hepato-renal injury
Authors: Essien Nsimah Monday , Eteng Ofem Effiom , Okot-Asi Thomas Nku-Ekpang , Bassey Nseobong O , Essiet Joe Enobong , Eteng Mbeh Ubana 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Sudan IV dye (S4D), has been reported to enhance the color of food products example palm oil, despite the health issues associated with these colorants. The potent antioxidant attribute of Curcuma longa facilitates its capacity to protect the kidney against deleterious attacks by free radicals. This study investigated the rejuvenating potentials of the extract of C. longa by S4D induced hepato-renal injury in rats.

Material and Methods:
Twenty-five female albino rats were distributed into five groups, as follows: Group 1 received distilled water and diet only, Group 2 received 10% S4D+100 mg C.L, Group 3 received 15% S4D +100 mg C.L, while Groups 4 and 5 received 200 mg and 250 mg C.L, respectively. After 3 weeks of administration of Curcuma treatment, animals were sacrificed; liver, kidney, and small intestine were collected for analyses. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutathione-s-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as some selected electrolytes were measured.

Results:
Results show that treatment with 200 mg and 250 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) rejuvenated these enzyme biomarkers while modulating the physiological levels of the serum electrolytes and kidney markers.

Conclusion:
C. longa exhibited a significant antioxidant potential that sustain the cells from the effect of S4D toxicity. Hence, the results indicate a possible ameliorative mechanism of the plant extract against S4D- induced hepato-renal injury. Therefore, the inclusion of C. longa into our daily diet might limit the effect of the hepato-renal injury.