bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Software/Systems Architecture Description for Autonomous
Systems
Authors: Souza Layse Santos , Rocha Fábio Gomes , Soares Michel S. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The design of Autonomous Systems must consider multiple elements of the system, such as agents, physical objects and their software counterparts, control mechanisms, sensors, actuators, and other components. All these distributed elements in the environment make the necessity of creating multiple views for design, including system coordination, development, structural, and behavior views. Therefore, Software/Systems Architectures have been recognized as an important element in process development to manage the systems' complexity.

Objective:
The objective of this article is to describe a review of architecture characteristics, approaches, styles, and standards that are commonly considered for the development of autonomous systems.

Method:
First, we describe important elements of software architecture, as well as the standards used in this field. Then, we describe the types of approaches for architecture design. In addition, we provide a classification of software/systems architectures for autonomous systems.

Results:
As a result, we present a review on the Software/Systems Architecture description for Autonomous Systems. We also find that formal architecture standards are rarely considered in practice, and a large variety of nonfunctional requirements is mentioned.

Conclusion:
As autonomous systems deal with many components interacting with the real world, under certain quality constraints, considering trade-offs and decisions, software/system architectures are highly relevant for managing all this complexity. A list of main challenges for autonomous systems is described and then discussed according to a review of the literature. This review can be useful for professionals and researchers in identifying software/systems architecture as an important technical element for developing autonomous systems.
The Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer: Pooled Analysis Study
Authors: Chen Pei-Chin , Lu Yun-Ru , Kang Yi-No , Chang Chun-Chao 
Published: May 2022

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) for gastric cancer diagnosis has been discussed in recent years. The role of AI in early gastric cancer is more important than in advanced gastric cancer since early gastric cancer is not easily identified in clinical practice. However, to our knowledge, past syntheses appear to have limited focus on the populations with early gastric cancer.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AI in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer from endoscopic images.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review from database inception to June 2020 of all studies assessing the performance of AI in the endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Studies not concerning early gastric cancer were excluded. The outcome of interest was the diagnostic accuracy (comprising sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) of AI systems. Study quality was assessed on the basis of the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Meta-analysis was primarily based on a bivariate mixed-effects model. A summary receiver operating curve and a hierarchical summary receiver operating curve were constructed, and the area under the curve was computed.

Results
We analyzed 12 retrospective case control studies (n=11,685) in which AI identified early gastric cancer from endoscopic images. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of AI for early gastric cancer diagnosis were 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.92) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.93), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.94. Sensitivity analysis of studies using support vector machines and narrow-band imaging demonstrated more consistent results.

Conclusions
For early gastric cancer, to our knowledge, this was the first synthesis study on the use of endoscopic images in AI in diagnosis. AI may support the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. However, the collocation of imaging techniques and optimal algorithms remain unclear. Competing models of AI for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer are worthy of future investigation.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42020193223; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=193223
Nurses’ Experiences Using an Interactive System to Assess and Manage Treatment-Related Symptoms of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: Interview Study
Authors: Mangsbacka Maria , Gustavell Tina 
Published: May 2022

Background
Treatment for pancreatic cancer entails symptom distress and a high burden of self-care. Patient-reported outcomes, collected with the support of mobile health (mHealth), have shown positive effects on symptom management, patient satisfaction, and quality of life for patients with cancer. For mHealth tools to become an integral part of clinical routine, experiences from health care professionals are needed.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to describe nurses’ experiences of integrating an interactive system (Interaktor) for symptom assessment and management into daily practice, when caring for patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy and during chemotherapy treatment due to pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Patients reported symptoms via the Interaktor app daily for 6 months. In the event of alarming symptoms, an alert was triggered to the patient’s nurse who then called the patient to offer advice and support. All nurses (n=8) who assessed patients were interviewed either individually or in a group. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.

Results
mHealth can facilitate person-centered care by offering nurses a way to gain knowledge about patients and to build relationships. Further, obstacles to implementation could be seen due to a lack of structural prerequisites and uncertainty about multiple ways to interact with patients.

Conclusions
The Interaktor system can provide person-centered care. However, to implement mHealth tools as a clinical routine, focus needs to be placed on creating the necessary organizational conditions.
Quantification of Digital Body Maps for Pain: Development and Application of an Algorithm for Generating Pain Frequency Maps
Authors: Dixit Abhishek , Lee Michael 
Published: May 2022

Background
Pain is an unpleasant sensation that signals potential or actual bodily injury. The locations of bodily pain can be communicated and recorded by freehand drawing on 2D or 3D (manikin) surface maps. Freehand pain drawings are often part of validated pain questionnaires (eg, the Brief Pain Inventory) and use 2D templates with undemarcated body outlines. The simultaneous analysis of drawings allows the generation of pain frequency maps that are clinically useful for identifying areas of common pain in a disease. The grid-based approach (dividing a template into cells) allows easy generation of pain frequency maps, but the grid’s granularity influences data capture accuracy and end-user usability. The grid-free templates circumvent the problem related to grid creation and selection and provide an unbiased basis for drawings that most resemble paper drawings. However, the precise capture of drawn areas poses considerable challenges in producing pain frequency maps. While web-based applications and mobile-based apps for freehand digital drawings are widely available, tools for generating pain frequency maps from grid-free drawings are lacking.

Objective
We sought to provide an algorithm that can process any number of freehand drawings on any grid-free 2D body template to generate a pain frequency map. We envisage the use of the algorithm in clinical or research settings to facilitate fine-grain comparisons of human pain anatomy between disease diagnosis or disorders or as an outcome metric to guide monitoring or discovery of treatments.

Methods
We designed a web-based tool to capture freehand pain drawings using a grid-free 2D body template. Each drawing consisted of overlapping rectangles (Scalable Vector Graphics <rect> elements) created by scribbling in the same area of the body template. An algorithm was developed and implemented in Python to compute the overlap of rectangles and generate a pain frequency map. The utility of the algorithm was demonstrated on drawings obtained from 2 clinical data sets, one of which was a clinical drug trial (ISRCTN68734605). We also used simulated data sets of overlapping rectangles to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.

Results
The algorithm produced nonoverlapping rectangles representing unique locations on the body template. Each rectangle carries an overlap frequency that denotes the number of participants with pain at that location. When transformed into an HTML file, the output is feasibly rendered as a pain frequency map on web browsers. The layout (vertical-horizontal) of the output rectangles can be specified based on the dimensions of the body regions. The output can also be exported to a CSV file for further analysis.

Conclusions
Although further validation in much larger clinical data sets is required, the algorithm in its current form allows for the generation of pain frequency maps from any number of freehand drawings on any 2D body template.
Actividad antimicrobiana de plantas nativas de Sonora, México, contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de leche de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis
Authors: Sosa-Castañeda Jesús , Manzanarez-Quin Carmen Guadalupe , Valdez-Domínguez Ramón Dolores , Ibarra-Zazueta Cristina , Osuna-Chávez Reyna Fabiola , Rueda-Puente Edgar Omar , Hernández-Moreno Carlos Gabriel , Santos-Espinosa Alejandro , Epigmenio-Chávez Alejandro , García-Baldenegro Claudia Vanessa , Gonzalez-Soto Tania Elisa , Armenta-Calderón Ana Dolores , Heredia-Castro Priscilia Yazmín 
Published: May 2022

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad causada por bacterias patógenas que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero, lo cual genera pérdidas económicas importantes, además, debido al uso excesivo de antibióticos para tratar esta enfermedad, los microorganismos han creado resistencia a estos fármacos, por ello, se buscan nuevas alternativas para este fin. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas nativas de Sonora contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis. Se obtuvieron 17 extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de Sonora, y se evaluó su actividad antimicrobiana por el método de difusión en agar contra siete patógenos aislados de leche de vacas con mastitis utilizando una concentración de 50 mg/ml de cada extracto. El contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales se determinó mediante espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de Ibervillea sonorae (wereke, tubérculo), Populus alba (álamo, hojas), Ambrosia ambrosioides (chicura, tallos), Krameria sonorae (cosahui, raíces) y Prosopis velutina (mezquite, hojas) fueron eficaces para eliminar a S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. y Citrobacter spp. (P<0.05). Además, los extractos con alto contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales (wereke, álamo, chicura, cosahui y mezquite) mostraron una correlación inversa con respecto al pH (r = -0.94, r = -0.92, respectivamente) (P<0.05) y presentaron mayor actividad antimicrobiana contra los patógenos probados. Por lo anterior, los extractos de las plantas de Sonora podrían representar una alternativa para el control de patógenos Gram (+) y Gram (-) que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features and Severity Markers in Children Admitted with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MISC) in a Tertiary Care Center in UAE
Authors: AboAlEla Habiba H. , Ali Abdulrahman , A Ghadah Al-Sharif , Abuhammour Walid , Almoosa Mohammad , Arango Diego , Al-Fraihat Ali , Ho Samuel , HK Amar , Popatia Rizwana , Yavuz Lemis 
Published: May 2022

Background: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
(MISC) is a phenomenon that appeared in children infected with or
exposed to SARS-CoV-2. The typical onset of MISC is 4-6 weeks following
SARS-CoV-2 infection and is formulated to be due to an immune response.
Methods: Our study retrospectively analyzed data from a
tertiary center in UAE of MISC patients who were admitted to either
general pediatric wards or pediatric intensive care (PICU) or who came
exclusively for follow-up (post PICU admission) from May
2020 to August 2021. Results: The total sample size is 50
patients and the study included a comparison of PICU admissions with
none PICU admissions. The PICU sample size was 18 patients, 50%
females, with mean age of 8.3 years all were previously healthy. PICU
patients had deranged blood counts with a lower hemoglobin count, a more
pronounced lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia along with hypoalbuminemia.
PICU patients presented with relatively higher inflammatory markers:
CRP, PCT, ferritin and D-dimer. Immunological studies were significantly
higher for IL-6 levels in PICU patients. On echocardiography, higher
myocardial dysfunction was more notable in patients admitted to PICU.
Children admitted in PICU were provided with more extensive therapy. As
part of our study course, we re-evaluated our PICU patients twice, once
at 48 hours post PICU admission and again 4-6 weeks after discharge from
the hospital. No deaths have been recorded in the cohort.
Conclusion: This study evaluated risk factors of MISC and
potential severity features. Follow up of patients on discharge showed
improvement across all domains.
Kerygma and Community: A Response to R. W. L. Moberly's Revisiting of Bultmann
Authors: Congdon David W. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In a 2012 article, R. W. L. Moberly brought Bultmann into conversation with Augustine around the question of hermeneutical presuppositions. The article affirmed Bultmann's emphasis on "existential openness" but criticized his apparent disregard for the church as the primary presupposition for biblical interpretation. Moberly's article misreads Bultmann, however, and misses the deeper logic at work in Bultmann's apparent lack of attention to ecclesiology. The community, as the bearer of the kerygma, is included within the event that it proclaims. Ecclesiology is therefore indirectly present, so that, as Bultmann states regarding John, "one may not conclude from this that interest in the church-community is completely absent. On the contrary, there is a very lively interest in it."
Divine Ordinances and Life-Giving Remedies: Galatians in the Writings of Cyprian of Carthage
Authors: Murphy Edwina 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
As Bishop of Carthage in the mid-third century, Cyprian was responsible for uniting his flock and keeping them on the path to salvation in the midst of persecution, schism, and plague. Cyprian turned to the Scriptures to answer the questions raised by these crises, and the way he applied them to his own situation reveals the interplay of theology and exegesis. This is particularly evident in his use of Galatians, which is strikingly different from that of modern interpreters. This article examines all of Cyprian's quotations of and allusions to Galatians through the lens of his dominant pastoral concerns: the unity and uniqueness of the church and her sacraments, care for the poor and captive, the necessity of discipline and repentance, and the contrast between present privation and future reward. It categorizes the reading strategies he uses as models, images, maxims, direct application, and indirect application. Cyprian's use of Galatians highlights his paraenetic concern as well as the variety of ways he applies Scripture to the needs of his congregation, exploring different aspects of its meaning. It also makes evident the interplay between his pastoral concerns, his theology, and the text. This is seen not only in the verses he does use but also in those he does not, as he demonstrates a pronounced aversion to quoting verses that cast the law in a negative light.
Theological Interpretation and the Christian Year: Time, Narrative, and Performance
Authors: Wright Stephen I. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTS
Regular worship following the rhythm of the Christian calendar offers a productive framework for the theological interpretation of Scripture. Indeed, it may be argued that worship is the normative place for this interpretation, where its characteristic features are displayed—notably, that it is engaged in by the people of God, rather than being purely imposed by an authority figure or carried out in detachment, that it is enacted rather than merely thought or spoken, and that it yields an abundance of meanings within the boundaries of the regular rehearsal of the Christian narrative. The dynamics of theological interpretation within this setting are illustrated by brief discussion of some of the practices and hymnody traditionally associated with the different seasons of the year—in particular Advent, Epiphany, Lent, Passiontide, and Easter. In distinctive ways, these seasons invite participation in the biblical narrative, centered on Christ, and thus engage the worshiper in the process of interpreting their own world in its light.
"Was St. Thomas Crucified for You?" 1 Corinthians 1:12–13 and the Premodern Critique of Theological Schools of Thought
Authors: Harris Steven Edward 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Theological schools of thought, such as Thomism, Scotism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism, have long been a problematic feature of the academy. They have given rise to much polemic and mutual recrimination. This article puts forward a theological critique of these schools by way of a reading of premodern exegesis of 1 Cor 1:12–13: "Each of you is saying, 'I am of Paul,' or 'I am of Apollos,' or 'I am of Cephas,' or 'I am of Christ.' Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized into the name of Paul?" This reading proceeds in three stages: first, an examination of Christ's proper authority as the one teacher and the relationship of theologians to that authority; second, the polemic against schools of thought, whether philosophical, heretical, monastic, scholastic, or Protestant, as contravening Christ's authority; third, the positive implications of such a doctrine for how we are to "use," in the Augustinian sense, all teachers Christ has given the church, in light of their proper relationship to his teaching. Finally, a few recommendations for how students and teachers can respond to this exegesis in the contemporary setting are indicated.
Justifying Allegory: Scripture, Rhetoric, and Reason in Galatians 4:21–5:1
Authors: Starling David I. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
This article examines the way Paul seeks to justify his claim in Gal 4:24 that the story of Hagar, Sarah, and the two sons whom they bore to Abraham is to be understood as an allegory of two covenants bearing children (respectively) for slavery and freedom, and explores the implications for Christian theological interpretation of Scripture. Recent interpretations of the passage range from those that represent Paul as bringing to the text of Scripture the interpretive warrants for his appropriation of the text to those that represent Paul as deriving his interpretive warrants from within Scripture itself. I propose a reading that resists polarization between these two alternatives, tracing the various interwoven threads of inner-biblical intertextuality, salvation-historical narrative, apocalyptic revelation, apostolic ethos, and Galatian experience within the argument that supports Paul's allegorical appropriation of the Genesis story, and highlighting the fusion of dramatic and persuasive functions that the allegory serves within Paul's deliberative rhetoric. Understood in this manner, Paul's interpretive practice in Gal 4:21–5:1 does not provide a global warrant for speculative allegorization. It does, however, provide an apostolic precedent for figural readings that cohere with the narrative logic of salvation history and contribute to the formative and directive functions of Christian doctrine within the life of the church.
Origen, Scripture, and the Imprecision of "Supersessionism"
Authors: Azar Michael G. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Though patristic writers interacted with and wrote about Jews with varying degrees of affinity and hostility, contemporary scholarship has frequently employed the term supersessionism as an umbrella concept under which to understand early Christian views of Jews and their practices. Considering closely Origen's theological approach to Scripture, this article evaluates the heuristic value of supersessionism as a means through which to analyze the multivalent patristic relationship to Jews. Origen provides a fitting source for such an examination, chiefly on account of his distinct understandings of the relationship between the Old and New Testaments, God's ongoing revelation in the Scriptures and their interpretation, and, most innovatively, time itself. The linear sequentiality of Scripture, revelation, and time presupposed by contemporary notions of supersessionism does not easily apply to Origen; thus, one must look for ways beyond "supersessionism" to understand Origen's opposition toward the continuation of Jewish practice.
Ricoeur and Ratzinger on Biblical History and Hermeneutics
Authors: Pidel Aaron 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Paul Ricoeur and Joseph Ratzinger both challenge the pretended omnicompetence of the historical critical method in the field of biblical interpretation. Moreover, their respective counterproposals for coordinating historical analysis and hermeneutical synthesis exhibit structural similarities: each draws attention to a twofold "distance" intervening between the text and the "world behind the text," on the one hand, and between the text and the "world before the text," on the other. The two authors, however, are not fully agreed on the nature of this distance. Ricoeur, patterning this distance after the philosophical models of Husserl and Heidegger, tends to push the historical and cognitive dimensions of the biblical to text to the margins. Ratzinger, though appreciative of Ricoeur's work, argues from theological premises in favor of preserving a more robust—though not exclusive—role for both. These nuanced differences eventually terminate in appreciably different descriptions of the well-disposed interpreter, with Ricoeur emphasizing a kind of sympathy-in-distance with the interpretive community and Ratzinger recommending an immediate sympathy with the doctrinal faith of the church. Diverse ecclesiological presuppositions obviously come into play. I favor Ratzinger's approach for its ability to affirm a dynamism and elasticity of biblical meaning without altogether sacrificing the historical and cognitive controls on biblical interpretation.
Allegory as Embodiment: The Function of History in Origen's "Genesis Homily"
Authors: Boles Paul C. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Daniel Boyarin has recently characterized Origen's allegorical exegesis as a sort of disembodied history. Boyarin contrasts Origen's spiritual approach to the Scriptures with that of rabbinic midrash that, according to Boyarin, preserves the integrity of both history and bodies. In doing so, Boyarin has resurrected something of R. P. C. Hanson's classic critique of Origen's exegesis as disinterested in the actual events of history. Attempting to offer a corrective to Boyarin's characterization of the ramifications of Origen's interpretive practices, this article (1) demonstrates the way in which the last generation of scholarship has largely rejected Hanson's evaluation of Origen, making Boyarin's similar charge somewhat strange; (2) presents a reading of Origen's Genesis Homily 1 that shows how Origen's allegorical exegesis dramatically underscores the importance of history and bodies for his hearers; and (3) argues that Origen is concerned with history and bodies, just not in the way that scholars such as Hanson and Boyarin would like him to be.