bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of DNA damage response markers, RAD51 and XRCC1, throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in healthy women. Increment during pregnancy and relation to a low titer of antinuclear antibodies
Authors: González‐Chávez Susana Aideé , Burrola‐De Anda Jessica Ivonne , Mireles‐Canales Paola , Soto‐Adame Miguel Angel , Pacheco‐Tena César 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProblemAntinuclear antibodies (ANA) potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs); however, they are also detected in healthy individuals. Our understanding of the physiological and pathological origin of ANA is incomplete. Both; female reproductive processes and deficiencies in DNA damage response (DDR) have been independently associated with ANA production. However, the link between these two factors and the presence of ANA is unclearMethod of studyA cohort study was conducted on 87 non‐pregnant and 51 healthy pregnant women. ANA and the DDR markers X‐ray repair cross‐complementing 1 (XRCC1) and recombinase (RAD51) were quantified in sera by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, ANA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in HEp‐2 cells in 1:40 diluted sera during the three phases of the menstrual cycle in non‐pregnant women and every trimester in pregnant womenResultsThe prevalence of ANA+ in healthy women was 26.1%, with no significant differences between pregnant and non‐pregnant women. ANA and DDR marker levels did not vary among the three phases of the menstrual cycle or the three trimesters of pregnancy. However, DDR marker levels were higher in pregnant women than in non‐pregnant women (p < .001) and were found to be higher in ANA+ women (XRCC1, p = .025; RAD51, p = .006)ConclusionsThe menstrual cycle and pregnancy did not influence the levels of DDR markers or ANA in healthy women; however, the DDR was higher in pregnancy and ANA+ women. The results suggest a potential role of DDR in the pathophysiology of ANA.
Review article: Dietary management of coeliac disease
Authors: Lee Anne R. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAs the gluten‐free diet is currently the only treatment for coeliac disease and one that needs to applied in the long term, this review aims to explore the various issues confronting an individual and discuss the importance of ongoing dietary management. The process of dietary counselling has shifted from one that focuses on just foods to avoid to one that evaluates the multiple life factors (social, cultural, environmental, biological) that affect the individual’s food choices and dietary behaviour. The nutritional quality of a gluten‐free diet continues to affect vitamin, mineral and weight status of individuals with coeliac disease. There are many barriers to dietary adherence including increased cost and limited availability of gluten‐free products, as well as the negative impact on an individual’s social domain of quality of life. Therefore, assessment, education and counselling by a coeliac specialist dietitian should be the cornerstone of dietary management.
TREM2‐induced activation of microglia contributes to synaptic integrity in cognitively intact aged individuals with Alzheimer's neuropathology
Authors: Fracassi Anna , Marcatti Michela , Tumurbaatar Batbayar , Woltjer Randall , Moreno Sandra , Taglialatela Giulio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe existence of individuals who remain cognitively intact despite presenting histopathological signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD), here referred to as “Nondemented with AD neuropathology” (NDAN), suggests that some mechanisms are triggered to resist cognitive impairment. Exposed phosphatidylserine (ePS) represents a neuronal “eat‐me” signal involved in microglial‐mediated phagocytosis of damaged synapses. A possible mediator of this process is TREM2, a microglial surface receptor activated by ligands including PS. Based on TREM2 role in the scavenging function of microglia, we hypothesize that an efficient microglial phagocytosis of damaged synapses underlies synaptic resilience in NDAN, thus protecting from memory deficits. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we performed a comparative study of human post‐mortem frontal cortices of aged‐matched, AD and NDAN individuals. We studied the distribution of activated microglia (IBA1, IBA1+/CD68+ cells) and phagocytic microglia‐related proteins (TREM2, DAP12), demonstrating higher microglial activation and TREM2 expression in NDAN versus AD. A study of the preservation of synapses around plaques, assessed using MAP2 and βIII tubulin as dendritic and axonal markers, respectively, and PSD95 as a postsynaptic marker, revealed preserved axonal/dendritic structure around plaques in NDAN versus AD. Moreover, high levels of PSD95 around NDAN plaques and the colocalization of PSD95 with CD68 indicated a prompt removal of damaged synapses by phagocytic microglia. Furthermore, Annexin V assay on aged‐matched, AD and NDAN individuals synaptosomes revealed increased levels of ePS in NDAN, confirming damaged synapses engulfment. Our results suggest a higher efficiency of TREM2‐induced phagocytic microglia in removing damaged synapses, underlying synaptic resilience in NDAN individuals.
Composition, distribution, and change in Canada's federal policy staff
Authors: Henderson Samuel , Craft Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing a decade of administrative data from the Government of Canada, we provide fresh analysis of the composition and distribution of staff most formally associated with policy work, the Economics and Social Science (EC) classification. Comparative analysis across unit levels including “ministerial departments” and central agencies, as well as non‐standard organizations support but clarify the nature of the uneven distribution of policy analytical capacity across government. We demonstrate a dramatic increase in not only the overall complement of EC staff over time, particularly since 2017, but also significant growth at senior levels while junior EC staff have remained stable or declined. The findings also point to new dynamics related to the pace, orientation, and distribution of policy analytical capacity as governments gain, lose, and exercise that capacity often in the face of tough choices about how, where, and when to deploy policy resources.
Rehabilitation of full‐arch edentulism with fixed or removable dentures retained by root‐form dental implants: A systematic review of outcomes and outcome measures used in clinical research in the last 10 years
Authors: Messias Ana , Karasan Duygu , Nicolau Pedro , Pjetursson Bjarni E. , Guerra Fernando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analysis in clinical studies on the rehabilitation of full‐arch edentulism with implant‐supported fixed or removable prostheses.Materials and MethodsA protocol‐oriented search was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (PROSPERO registration CRD42021265179) from 1 January 2011 to 27 July 2021 to identify longitudinal studies reporting on the rehabilitation of edentulous patients with implant‐supported prostheses. The primary aim of this study was the collection of all objectively reported outcomes in each study. Secondary aims included the description of the methods of assessment and analytical methods. Risk of bias was applied according to the study design (randomized controlled trial, cohort study, or descriptive pre–post study). Individual study data were extracted into an outcomes matrix. Outcomes were grouped into domains and descriptively analysed. A network diagram was generated to establish relationships between domains. The present review follows the PRISMA statement.ResultsThe screening and selection processes resulted in the identification of 491 publications, corresponding to 421 different studies (cohorts of patients). Only 24% of the studies reported the use of EQUATOR network guidelines. Implant failure/survival was the most reported outcome (270 studies), but the criterion to determine implant failure and/or survival was frequently not described or was ambiguous. Implant success was much less frequently reported (88) and was based on several heterogenous composite definitions. Marginal bone levels (233 studies), technical complications (158), and clinical outcomes (150), including peri‐implant soft tissue and implant stability assessment, were also frequently reported. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) (145) and function‐based outcomes (40) were predominantly reported in isolation from other outcomes and most frequently in removable restorations. While quality of life was evaluated using valid instruments, patient satisfaction was evaluated based on a common sense concept of satisfaction. Economic outcomes were under‐reported (13).ConclusionsThere is great heterogeneity in the criteria to define implant failure or survival and implant success, which prevents the comparison of rates across studies. Even though studies frequently report multiple outcomes, PROMs are usually reported in isolation from other outcomes. It would be valuable to have a set of core outcome variables and standardized methods of measurement for future studies.
Social capital in the context of volunteer conservation initiatives
Authors: Gerolemou Rosie V. , Russell James C. , Stanley Margaret C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConservation volunteering aims to benefit species and ecosystems, but whether positive collective social outcomes exist for conservation group participants is largely unknown. To examine the importance of the collective social benefits from conservation, we surveyed members of the Auckland, New Zealand public to investigate social capital: the connections among people and the collective positive benefits that are enabled. We found members of community groups, particularly conservation groups, had higher social capital than people who did not participate in community groups. Members of multiple types of community group also had increased social capital scores. Conservation group members had more positive perceptions of pest management compared with members of the public not undertaking conservation action. Our findings indicate that conservation groups and their members are associated with collective social benefits not previously identified. Linking social capital benefits with ecological benefits could increase conservation's appeal to people more strongly motivated by personal well‐being and a sense of community, facilitating positive outcomes for them and the environment. To increase social capital at the community level, we recommend encouraging participation in community conservation.
Pneumonia after hip surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions
Authors: Difazio Rachel L. , Shore Benjamin J. , Melvin Patrice , Mauskar Sangeeta , Berry Jay G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimIn children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCC) undergoing hip surgery we aimed to: estimate the rate of postoperative pneumonia, determine the effect of pneumonia on postoperative hospital resource use, and identify predictors of postoperative pneumonia.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing the Pediatric Health Information System database for 2609 children (1081 females, 1528 males) aged 4 years and older with a neurological CCC who underwent hip surgery (i.e. reconstruction surgery or salvage procedure) between 2016 and 2018 in 41 US children's hospitals. Multivariable, mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to assess patient characteristics and risk of pneumonia.ResultsMean age at hip surgery was 10 years 1 month (SD 4y 8mo). The postoperative pneumonia rate was 1.6% (n=42). Median length of stay (LOS) was longer for children with pneumonia and the 30‐day all‐cause unplanned readmission rate and costs were higher. Variability in rates of pneumonia ranged from 1.1% to 2.8% across hospitals. Significant predictors of postoperative pneumonia were osteotomy type (p=0.005) and number of chronic conditions (p≤0.001).InterpretationPostoperative pneumonia after hip surgery in children with a neurological CCC is associated with longer LOS, readmissions, and higher costs. Children undergoing pelvic osteotomies and who have multimorbidity need additional clinical support to prevent postoperative pneumonia and decrease resource utilization.What this paper adds

Pneumonia is a major postoperative complication in children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCC).
Forty‐two (1.6%) children with neurological CCC developed pneumonia after hip surgery.
Length of stay, readmissions, and costs were significantly higher in the group with pneumonia.
Variability in pneumonia rates existed across hospitals.
Predictors of developing pneumonia include osteotomy type and number of CCC.
The glucose tolerance test in mice: Sex, drugs and protocol
Authors: Kennard Matilda R. , Nandi Manasi , Chapple Sarah , King Aileen J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo establish the impact of sex, dosing route, fasting duration and acute habituation stress on glucose tolerance test (GTT) measurements used in the preclinical evaluation of potential glucose‐modulating therapeutics.MethodsAdult male and female C57Bl/6J mice, implanted with HD‐XG glucose telemetry devices, were fasted for 16 hours or 6 hours following acute habituation stress due to whole cage change, cage change with retention of used bedding or no cage change prior to intraperitoneal (IP) GTTs. To evaluate protocol refinement and sex on the ability of the GTT to detect drug effects, we administered 250 mg/kg oral metformin or 10 nmol/kg IP exendin‐4 using optimized protocols.ResultsFemale mice were less sensitive to human intervention when initiating fasting. Following a 6‐hour fast, retention of bedding whilst changing the cage base promotes quicker stabilization of basal blood glucose in both sexes. Prolonged fasting for 16 hours resulted in an exaggerated GTT response but induced pronounced basal hypoglycaemia. Following GTT protocol optimization the effect of exendin‐4 and metformin was equivalent in both sexes, with females showing a more modest but more reproducible GTT response.ConclusionsVariations in GTT protocol have profound effects on glucose homeostasis. Protocol refinement and/or the use of females still allows for detection of drug effects, providing evidence that more severe phenotypes are not an essential prerequisite when characterizing/validating new drugs.
Is inflation caused by deteriorating inflation expectations or excessive monetary growth?
Authors: Matthews Kent , Ong Kian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe near‐universal practice of inflation targeting has strengthened the belief of central banks that all that is needed to control inflation is to anchor expectations with a credible inflation target. The use of Taylor rule augmented DSGE models for policy analysis and forecasting adds credence to the view that, provided inflation expectations remain stable, actual inflation will be driven by expectations. The ultimate drivers of inflation are subsidiary to the central bank operation of acting on inflation expectations for the control of inflation. This article poses the question whether inflation is caused by deteriorating inflation expectations or excessive monetary growth. It takes as its theoretical inspiration Friedman's theory of nominal income determination. We use quarterly data of one‐year‐ahead inflation expectations produced by the Bank of England, and medium‐run inflation expectations backed out of five‐year bond yields as measures of long‐term inflation expectations. To this we add actual inflation, nominal GDP, and M4 to define a four‐variable VAR. The results reveal that M4 Granger causes inflation and inflation expectations, and a variance decomposition of inflation shows that while inflation expectations help to drive inflation, after a period of between five and eight quarters money supply dominates the variance decomposition.
On monetary growth and inflation in leading economies, 2021–22: Relative prices and the overall price level
Authors: Greenwood John , Hanke Steve H 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor most of the period since China started to reform and open its economy, falling goods prices in developed economies have been offset by rising service prices, but as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic these relative price trends have been temporarily reversed. Separately from these relative price changes, the 2021–22 episode of inflation reflects broad money growth rates in many economies around the world since the start of the pandemic. The economies that are predicted to experience the greatest increase in inflation are those where monetary growth has increased most relative to the requirements to finance normal economic growth and the normal increase in demand for money balances (the inverse of income velocity).
Effect of atmospheric‐controlled induction‐heating fine particle peening on microstructure and fatigue properties of low‐alloy steel
Authors: Takesue Shogo , Hayama Motoaki , Komotori Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtmospheric‐controlled induction‐heating fine particle peening (AIH‐FPP) was performed for low‐alloy steel, and the effects of the peening temperature, the microstructure of steel, and thermal history during AIH‐FPP on the resultant microstructure of treated steel were investigated. Regardless of the prior microstructure and thermal history, the grains near the surfaces were refined by AIH‐FPP at peening temperatures from 923 K to 1023 K owing to dynamic recrystallization. To examine the effect of AIH‐FPP on the fatigue properties of steel, plane‐bending fatigue tests were performed. Compared with the steel mirror‐polished, treated with FPP at RT, or only induction‐heated, the fatigue properties of steel treated with AIH‐FPP were improved. This is because of the formation of a thick and uniform grain‐refined layer, the generation of compressive residual stress, and hardening of the surface by AIH‐FPP. Moreover, owing to the grain refinement progress, the fatigue properties of steel improved with increasing peening temperature.
Failure to achieve recommended environmental flows coincides with declining fish populations: Long‐term trends in regulated and unregulated rivers
Authors: Pennock Casey A. , Bruckerhoff Lindsey A. , Gido Keith B. , Barkalow Adam L. , Breen Matthew J. , Budy Phaedra , Macfarlane William W. , Propst David L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDams can be operated to mimic components of the natural flow regime to minimise impacts on downstream ecosystems. However, infrastructure, societal needs, water management, and catchment runoff constrain which and when flow regime attributes can be mimicked.We compared fish assemblage responses, including native and non‐native species, over 2 decades of managed environmental flows to those in a river retaining a relatively unaltered flow regime. Both of these arid‐land rivers are within the overallocated Colorado River basin and have experienced declines in catchment runoff over the past 20 years. We predicted that fish–flow relationships would be conserved across time and between managed and unmanaged rivers.Declines in flow in both rivers coincided with declines in some native fishes, and more native and non‐native fish species exhibited declines in the managed river than in the unmanaged river. Our ability to detect previously documented native fish–flow relationships diminished in the managed river system because established environmental flow targets were not met due to water management, but we detected these fish–flow relationships in the unmanaged river.Our results suggest declining catchment runoff and increased consumptive water use could reduce the effectiveness of environmental flows that have lower priority in most years.
Encroachment diminishes herbaceous plant diversity in grassy ecosystems worldwide
Authors: Wieczorkowski Jakub D. , Lehmann Caroline E. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWoody encroachment is ubiquitous in grassy ecosystems worldwide, but its global impacts on the diversity of herbaceous plants that characterise and define these ecosystems remain unquantified. The pervasiveness of encroachment is relatively easily observed via remote sensing, but its impacts on plant diversity and richness below the canopy can only be observed via field‐based studies. Via a meta‐analysis of 42 field studies across tropical to temperate grassy ecosystems, we quantified how encroachment altered herbaceous species richness, and the richness of forbs, C3 graminoids and C4 graminoids. Across studies, the natural logarithm of the response ratio (lnRR) of herbaceous species richness ranged from −3.33 to 0.34 with 87% of encroached ecosystems negatively impacted. Assessment of the extent of encroachment, duration of encroachment, mean annual rainfall, latitude, and continent demonstrated that only extent of encroachment had relevance in the data (univariate model including a random effect of study explained 45.4% of variance). The global weighted mean lnRR of species richness decreased from −0.245 at <33% of woody cover increase, to −0.562 at 33%–66%, and to −0.962 at >66%. Continued encroachment results in substantial loss of herbaceous diversity at medium and high extents, with a loss of richness that is not replaced. Although all functional groups are significantly negatively impacted by encroachment, forb richness is relatively more sensitive than graminoid richness, and C4 graminoid richness relatively more than C3 graminoid richness. Although no geographic or climatic correlates had relevance in the data, encroachment as an emergent product of global change coalesces to decrease ground layer light availability, lead to loss of fire and grazers, and alter hydrology and soils. Encroachment is accelerating and grassy ecosystems require urgent attention to determine critical woody cover thresholds that facilitate diverse and resilient grassy ecosystems.
An audit of HIV testing practice in people aged 50 years and over presenting with a known clinical indicator condition in secondary care
Authors: Gill Rebecca Catherine , Levett Tom , Youssef Elaney 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate HIV testing of patients aged ≥50 years presenting to secondary care with clinical indicator conditions (CICs) for HIV.MethodsRetrospective audit of electronic records for patients aged ≥50 years discharged from hospital between January 1st and July 31st 2019 who had at least one documented CIC. Patient demographics and HIV testing data were collected from clinical systems (excluding sexual health databases).Results2478 patients with a CIC were identified. 222 (9.0%) received an HIV test within 31 days of discharge. Patients receiving a test were significantly younger (mean 68.6 versus 75.3 years; P < 0.001) and significantly more men underwent testing than women (60.4% versus 39.6%; P = 0.001). 32 CICs were identified across nine disease systems. By system, those with a haematological CIC were significantly more likely to undergo testing compared with all other CICs combined (P < 0.001). Of individual CICs, patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, hepatitis C, neutropenia, lymphadenopathy, pyrexia of unknown origin and thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001), and seborrhoeic dermatitis, hepatitis B, other unexplained blood dyscrasia, and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (P < 0.05) were more likely to undergo testing than those presenting with other CICs. Patients with dementia and lung cancer were less likely to undergo testing (P < 0.001). Patients presenting with a greater number of CICs were significantly more likely to undergo testing (P = 0.002).ConclusionsHIV testing among patients aged ≥50 years presenting to secondary care with a CIC is low. Work is needed to improve HIV testing practice in this patient group.