bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded‐repeat‐RNA‐mediated disease mechanisms in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Nakamori Masayuki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults, affecting skeletal muscle as well as cardiac and smooth muscle. Furthermore, involvement of the central nervous system, endocrine organs, and eyes is often seen, with debilitating consequences. The condition is an autosomal‐dominant inherited genetic disease caused by abnormal genomic expansion of tandem repeats. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) results from expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3′‐untranslated region of the gene encoding dystrophia myotonica‐protein kinase (DMPK), whereas myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is caused by expansion of a CCTG repeat in the first intron of the gene encoding CCHC‐type zinc finger nucleic acid‐binding protein (CNBP). Both types of DM exhibit abnormal mRNA transcribed from the mutated gene containing expanded repeats, which exert toxic gain‐of‐function effects on various proteins involved in cellular processes such as alternative splicing, signaling pathways, and cellular senescence. The present review discusses the expanded‐repeat‐RNA‐mediated molecular pathomechanisms in DM.
Telework quality and employee well‐being: Lessons learned from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Miglioretti Massimo , Gragnano Andrea , Simbula Silvia , Perugini Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) forced organisations to implement intensive telework for many of their workers overnight. This scenario was completely new, and the emergency caused by COVID‐19 created the possibility of experimenting with new ways of working with an unknown impact on employee well‐being. Drawing on previous literature, we defined a model of telework quality consisting of the following four core domains: agile offices within organisations, functional remote workstations, flex‐time and engaging management. We identified two high‐quality and low‐quality telework profiles using latent profile analysis on a data sample of 2295 insurance and financial sector employees. Demographic, occupational and procedural characteristics were associated with the probability of being in the positive or negative profiles. Our results showed that employees' emotional exhaustion and work engagement levels were related to telework quality. This study suggests that organisations need to consider the quality of telework to effectively adopt new ways of working that foster employee well‐being.
Identification of putative orthologs of clinically relevant antimicrobial peptides in the equine ocular surface and amniotic membrane
Authors: Hisey Erin A. , Martins Bianca C. , Donnelly Callum G. , Cassano Jennifer M. , Katzman Scott A. , Murphy Christopher J. , Thomasy Sara M. , Leonard Brian C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to define the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression pattern of the equine ocular surface and amniotic membrane using a targeted qPCR approach and 3'Tag‐sequencing. It will serve as a reference for future studies of ocular surface innate immunity and amniotic membrane therapies.ProceduresA targeted qPCR approach was used to investigate the presence of orthologs for three of the most highly expressed beta‐defensins (DEFB1,DEFB4B, andDEFB103A) of the human ocular surface and amniotic membrane in equine corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane. 3'Tag‐sequencing was performed on RNA from one sample of corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane to further characterize their AMP expression.ResultsEquine corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane expressedDEFB1,DEFB4B,andDEFB103A.DEFB103Awas expressed at the highest amounts in corneal epithelium, whileDEFB4Bwas most highly expressed in conjunctiva and amniotic membrane. 3'Tag‐sequencing from all three tissues confirmed these findings and identified expression of five additional beta‐defensins, 11 alpha‐defensins and two cathelicidins, with the alpha‐defensins showing higher normalized read counts than the beta‐defensins.ConclusionsThis study identified AMP expression in the equine cornea and conjunctiva, suggesting that they play a key role in the protection of the equine eye, similar to the human ocular surface. We also determined that equine amniotic membrane expresses a substantial number of AMPs suggesting it could potentiate an antimicrobial effect as a corneal graft material. Future studies will focus on defining the antimicrobial activity of these AMPs and determining their role in microbial keratitis.
Multi-Physics Models of a Low-Voltage Power Semiconductor System-in-Package for Automotive Applications
Authors: Mauromicale Giuseppe , Calabretta Michele , Scarcella Giuseppe , Scelba Giacomo , Sitta Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Power converters and semiconductor devices are spreading their application fields, due to new renewable energy and automotive frameworks. In the electrified vehicles context, the even more stringent requirements, both in terms of performances and reliability, pose new challenges in the design phase of power switches. This paper analyzes, by means of finite-element simulations, a low-voltage power semiconductor system-in-package devoted to automotive applications, which integrates a MOSFET-based half bridge and a controller. Three simulation physical domains integrated in a unique flow are considered: thermo-mechanical, electromagnetic, and thermal numerical models. The aim is to develop a new comprehensive methodology which starts with a thermo-structural simulation of the package, then computes the on-state resistance and parasitic components to assess the electrical behavior of the package. Finally, a simulation check is made to verify if the power device performances are thermally consistent with applicative conditions.
On the Unsteady Rotationally Symmetric Flow Between a Stationary and a Finite Rotating Disk With a Given Change in the Axial Velocity
Authors: Zhao Bo , Tang Wansong , Lin Pengzhi , Wang Quan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We consider the scenario of an unsteady viscous flow between two coaxial finite disks, one stationary and the other rotating with an axial velocity changing impulsively from zero to a constant value. The three-dimensional (3D) incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are analytically solved by postulating the polynomial profiles for the axial and circumferential velocity components and by employing the open-end condition of zero pressure difference and an integral approach. It is shown that the time-dependent squeezing of the fluid between the disks and the edge effects of the finite open-ended disks in the flow domain are determined by the compressing Reynolds number and the rotating Reynolds number for the case of laminar flow at low Reynolds numbers and small aspect ratios. The general explicit formulae are derived for the velocity and pressure distributions as a function of the compressing and rotating Reynolds numbers in this unsteady flow process (and the steady-state solutions are then obtainable as the compressing Reynolds number vanishes). A simple theoretical relationship between the radial and axial pressure gradients is deduced to hinge the radial and circumferential velocity components together. The values of the compression and rotation Reynolds numbers suitable to this theory are also suggested for the problem of rotating disk flows at low Reynolds numbers. The validity of the theoretical predictions for the circumferential, radial, and axial velocity components is partially verified through comparison with previous steady experimental and numerical results. These analytical results have the immediate engineering applications of fluid flows with varying gap widths, including wet brakes, wet clutches, hydrostatic bearings, face seals, and rotating heat exchangers.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Economy, Safety and Emissions for the Startup Scheduling of a Steam Turbine
Authors: Chen Jianhong , Hu Ziwei , Li Wei , Mao Zhiwei , Wu Wenjian , Gu Zhenghao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of renewable energy, traditional power generation such as combined cycle unit needs to startup or change load quickly to balance the variability brought by renewable resources. In the combined cycle unit, the startup of steam turbine has a great influence on the whole set, and it is necessary to ensure safety, shorten the startup time, and reduce pollutant emissions. These optimization objectives are inter-related and have complex contradiction, which is the difficulty for multi-objective optimization. Costs function consisting of startup costs, fatigue life damage costs, pollutant emissions costs, and revenue gained from electricity is proposed to balance the contradiction more objectively. Finite exhaustive method (FEM) combining thermal-structural finite element calculation and multi-objective optimization is proposed for multi-objective startup process optimization, and its results are compared with those of minimum startup time and minimum fatigue life damage optimization. It can automatically search for a unique global optimal solution for engineering practice, rather than solution sets obtained by Pareto Optimality, which is beneficial for application in different combined cycle steam turbines and startup process. Multi-objective optimization scheduling shortens startup time from 105 to 93 min, reduces maximum stress from 493 MPa to 440 MPa, and reduces costs function by 66.6%. The comparison with the multi-objective optimization results of the response surface method (RSM) proves the reliability and validity of this method. The practical inspection results prove that the optimal scheduling is safe and effective.
Anisotropic Plastic Constitutive Properties of SAC305 Single Crystal Solder Joints
Authors: Deshpande Abhishek , Jiang Qian , Dasgupta Abhijit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Micro-scale Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder interconnects have oligocrystalline grain structure with one to few grains in each solder joint. As well documented in the literature, SAC solder joint consisting of 96.5% β-Sn is highly anisotropic due to the inherently anisotropic mechanical behavior of β-Sn. Therefore, each joint exhibits a unique mechanical response. However, due to the complexities in the quantification of microstructure and finite element (FE) modeling methodology, engineers typically model solder joints as homogenous isotropic structures with directionally averaged mechanical properties. These approximations cause inaccurate prediction of strain levels in the solder and in turn leads to uncertainties in lifetime predictions. A key challenge in grain-scale anisotropic modeling of solder joints, is the lack of widely accepted anisotropic inelastic mechanical properties of solder grains in the literature.
The goal of this paper is to determine rate-independent plastic constitutive behavior of Anisotropic SAC305 single grains. Monotonic tensile and shear tests are conducted at room temperature on a set of single-grain SAC305 solder joints. The grain structure for each test specimen is characterized with EBSD and finite element modeling is used to iteratively extract model constants for Hill-Holloman continuum plasticity model, which utilizes Hill’s anisotropic yield criterion along with a Holloman Power-Law plasticity model to represent each grain. Plastic deformation in the grain boundaries is ignored.
Dual Converging Jets for Enhanced Liquid Impingement Cooling
Authors: Whitt Reece , Estrella Rafael , Huitink David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Jet impingement cooling is an advanced thermal management technique for high heat flux applications. Standard configurations include single, axisymmetric jets with orifice, slot, or pipe nozzles. This choice in nozzle shape, number of jets and jet inclination greatly influences the turbulence generated caused by fluid entrainment due to differences in initial velocity profiles and location of secondary stagnation points. Regarding high power electronics with integrated jet impingement schemes, turbulence and heat transfer rates must be optimized to meet the extreme cooling requirements. In this study, the heat transfer rates of dual inclined converging jets are investigated experimentally. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of different jet schemes with respect to geometrical parameters including nozzle pitch, incline angle, and nozzle-to-targe plate spacing. A parametric experimental investigation is performed as a point of comparison using a modular, additively manufactured jet setup. Thermal energy is applied to an aluminum base plate using a 200 W resistive heater to emulate a hot spot generated in high-power electronics. It is observed that the introduction of inclined and parallel jets can have the simultaneous effect of increasing heat transfer and creating more predictable heat transfer.
High Brightness Illumination Based on Laser Light Diffusion With Mie Scattering
Authors: Azarifar Mohammad , Cengiz Ceren , Ocaksönmez Kerem , Onal Asim , Nizamoglu Sedat , Arik Mehmet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Limited luminous flux per wafer area of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for high power solid state illumination causes some packaging real estate issues. This problem can be tackled with laser diodes (LDs). At high current densities, LDs offer higher efficiency, however with very low etendue and divergent angle. This significantly increases the complexity of color conversion for white light generation. Concentrated light can carbonize the color conversion unit and have high speckle contrast. These problems can be addressed by efficient diffusion of the laser beam and this paper is aimed to introduce the first laser diffusion system based on TiO2 Mie particles. Based on a series of ray tracing simulations, an idealized cost-effective system is modeled and results showed an almost lossless diffusion with a guiding system based on reflection resulting in an almost uniform irradiance level with only 17% power loss. Furthermore, offered design can reduce the challenges for the compact packaging of white LDs by eliminating the heat sink for color conversion coating and enabling a safe light intensity for utilizing quantum dots for color engineering.
Experimental Investigation of R134a Flow Boiling in Copper Foam Evaporators for High Heat Flux Electronics Cooling
Authors: Kisitu Deogratius , Caceres Carol , Zlatinov Metodi , Schaffarzick Denver , Ortega Alfonso 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Stochastic cellular structured materials have been previously studied as enhanced surfaces for heat sinks used in cooling of modern electronics. Open-cell metallic foam has been shown to be an effective medium for gas-cooled and liquid-cooled heat sinks. Numerous studies exist for metal-foam cold plates using single phase water but there are few studies pertinent to two-phase evaporators. Because of the latent heat of vaporization and higher heat transfer coefficients, flow boiling is more efficient for cooling of high heat fluxes, as compared to single-phase flow. This paper presents an experimental study on the thermohydraulic performance of compressed and uncompressed copper foam evaporators using R134a refrigerant. The foam samples had the same starting pore size of 40 PPI and porosities of 0.62–0.91, with a heated footprint area of 25.4 × 25.4 mm and a height of 2.5 mm. Experiments were conducted for heat flux ranging from 7 to 174 W/cm2, with mass flux varying from 150 to 375 kg/m2s at fixed inlet saturation temperatures of 31 to 33 °C. Compressing the foam by up to 4X resulted in proportionally smaller effective hydraulic diameter, higher surface area per unit volume, higher metal volume fraction, and higher bulk thermal conductivity. The compressed foam results demonstrated up to three-times lower unit thermal resistance and improved critical heat flux. The apparent heat transfer coefficient in the tested compressed 4X foam evaporator maximized at exit vapor qualities of about 70 to 75%, and the pressure drop increased linearly with exit quality.
Diamond-based microwave quantum amplifier
Authors: Sherman Alexander , Zgadzai Oleg , Koren Boaz , Peretz Idan , Laster Eyal , Blank Aharon 
Published: December 2022

Amplification of weak microwave signals with minimal added noise is of importance to science and technology. Artificial quantum systems, based on superconducting circuits, can now amplify and detect even single microwave photons. However, this requires operating at millikelvin temperatures. Natural quantum systems can also be used for low-noise microwave amplification using stimulated emission effects; however, they generate a higher noise, especially when operating above ~1 K. Here, we demonstrate the use of electron spins in diamond as a quantum microwave amplifier operating with quantum-limited internal noise, even above liquid nitrogen temperatures. We report on the amplifier’s design, gain, bandwidth, saturation power, and noise. This capability can lead the way to previously unavailable quantum science, engineering, and physics applications.
Diagnosis and clinical presentation of two individuals with a rareTCF20pathogenic variant
Authors: Schneeweiss Michelle Robyn , Dale Breanne , Ejaz Resham 
Published: December 2022

TCF20-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (TAND) is a rare and phenotypically variable genetic condition. Common features include intellectual disability, neurobehavioural concerns, postnatal tall stature and hypotonia.Two unrelated early adolescent males were referred to genetics for assessment of developmental delay. The first male of Caucasian descent had a history of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mitral valve prolapse and subtle craniofacial dysmorphisms. The second male of Somali descent had a history of intellectual disability, thick corpus callosum and ASD. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant inTCF20in both individuals. Further testing revealed that the former individual’s mother was mosaic for theTCF20 pathogenic variant.We report two individuals withTCF20pathogenic variants presenting with unique findings, including thick corpus callosum, family history of mosaicism and cardiac anomalies. These examples expand the TAND phenotype, describe associated dysmorphism in a minority group and highlight the importance of rare disease research.
How achievable are STRIDE-II treatment targets in real-world practice and do they predict long-term treatment outcomes?
Authors: Meade Susanna , Routledge Emma , Sharma Esha , Honap Sailish , Zeki Sebastian , Ray Shuvra , Anderson Simon H C , Sanderson Jeremy , Mawdsley Joel , Irving Peter M , Samaan Mark A 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThe second iteration of the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE-II) initiative recommends use of the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) as a treatment target for patients with CD. We aimed to assess whether the STRIDE-II endoscopic endpoints are achievable and whether the degree of mucosal healing (MH) affects long-term outcomes.Design/methodWe performed a retrospective observational study between 2015 and 2022. Patients with CD who had baseline and follow-up SES-CD scores after biological therapy initiation were included. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as the need for: (1) change of biological therapy for active disease (2) corticosteroid use (3) CD-related hospitalisation or (4) surgery. We compared rates of treatment failure with the degree of MH achieved. Patients were followed up until treatment failure or study end (August 2022).Results50 patients were included and followed up for median 39.9 (34.6–48.6) months. Baseline characteristics: 62% male, median age 36.4 (27.8–43.9) years, disease distribution (L1: 4, L2: 11, L3: 35, perianal: 18). The proportion of patients achieving STRIDE-II end-points were: SES-CD ≤ 2–25 (50%) and >50% reduction in SES-CD—35 (70%). Failure to achieve SES-CD ≤ 2 (HR 11.62; 95% CI 3.33 to 40.56, p=0.003) or >50% improvement in SES-CD (HR 30.30; 95% CI 6.93 to 132.40, p<0.0001) predicted treatment failure.ConclusionUse of SES-CD is feasible in real-world clinical practice. Achieving an SES-CD ≤ 2 or a greater than 50% reduction, as set out by STRIDE-II, is associated with reduced rates of overall treatment failure including CD-related surgery.
Design, construction and commissioning of a high-flow radon removal system for XENONnT
Authors: Murra M. , Schulte D. , Huhmann C. , Weinheimer C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA high-flow radon removal system based on cryogenic distillation was developed and constructed to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid xenon detectors for rare event searches such as XENONnT. A continuous purification of the XENONnT liquid xenon inventory of 8.4 tonnes at process flows up to 71 kg/h (200 slpm) is required to achieve a radon reduction by a factor larger than two for radon sources inside the detector. To reach such high flows, the distillation column’s design features liquid xenon inlet and outlets along with novel custom-made bath-type heat exchangers with high liquefaction capabilities. The distillation process was designed using a modification of the McCabe–Thiele approach without a bottom product extraction. The thermodynamic concept is based on a Clausius–Rankine cooling cycle with phase-changing medium, in this case the xenon itself. To drastically reduce the external cooling power requirements, an energy efficient heat pump concept was developed applying a custom-made four cylinder magnetically-coupled piston pump as compressor. The distillation system was operated at thermodynamically stable conditions at a process flow of $$({91\pm 2})\,\mathrm{kg/h}$$

(

91
±
2

)

kg
/
h

(($$258\pm 6$$

258
±
6

) slpm), 30% over design. With this flow, a "Image missing" activity concentration $$<1\,\upmu $$

<
1

μ

Bq/kg is expected inside the XENONnT detector given the measured radon source distribution.
Thick branes in Born–Infeld determinantal gravity in Weitzenböck spacetime
Authors: Yang Ke , Yu Hao , Zhong Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBy adopting the idea of Born–Infeld electromagnetism, the Born–Infeld determinantal gravity in Weitzenböck spacetime provides a way to smooth the Big Bang singularity at the classical level. We consider a thick braneworld scenario in the higher-dimensional extension of this gravity, and investigate the torsion effects on the brane structure and gravitational perturbation. For three particular parameter choices, analytic domain wall solutions are obtained. They have a similar brane configuration that the brane thickness becomes thinner as the spacetime torsion gets stronger. For each model, the massless graviton is localized on the brane with the width of localization decreasing with the enhancement of the spacetime torsion, while the massive gravitons propagate in the bulk and contribute a correction term proportional to $${1}/{(k r)^{3}}$$

1
/

(
k
r
)

3

to the Newtonian potential. A sparsity constraint on the fundamental 5-dimensional gravitational scale is estimated from the gravitational experiment. Moreover, the parameter ranges in which the Kaluza–Klein gravitons are tachyonic free are analyzed.