bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuals who text crisis text line: Key characteristics and opportunities for suicide prevention
Authors: Pisani Anthony R. , Gould Madelyn S. , Gallo Carlos , Ertefaie Ashkan , Kelberman Caroline , Harrington Donald , Weller Daniel , Green Shannon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveText‐based crisis services are increasingly prominent, with inclusion in the national 988 crisis number launching in 2022. Yet little is known about who uses them. This study seeks to understand the population served by Crisis Text Line (CTL), the largest crisis text service in the United States.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted on de‐identified Crisis Counselor reports, texter post‐conversation survey responses, and anonymized text conversation data from 85,877 texters who contacted CTL during a 12‐month period. We examined Crisis Counselor's ratings of suicide ideation severity, texters' reports of race, gender, sexual orientation, recent mental health symptoms, and additional sources of help, and logs of frequency of contact.Results76% of texters were under 25. 79% were female. 48% identified as other than heterosexual/straight. 64% had only one conversation. 79% were above the clinical cutoff for depression and 80% for anxiety, while 23% had thoughts of suicide. 23% received help from a doctor or therapist, and 28% received help only from CTL.ConclusionsCTL reaches a highly distressed, young, mostly female population, including typically underserved minorities and a substantial percentage of individuals who do not receive help elsewhere. These findings support the decision to include texting in the forthcoming national 988 implementation.
Marketing of self: Using tattoos to symbolize ownership and control of One's body. Narratives from Middle Eastern women
Authors: Khair Nadine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNegative perceptions are associated to women with tattoos. This paper explores the impact of culture on Middle Eastern women with tattoos and their response towards rejection and perceptions. The study adopts a social constructivist approach that integrates narratives from Middle Eastern women. This is precisely conducted to obtain an insider's view through reflections of personal experiences of women with tattoos in Jordan. Such methods help by extracting social insights that can be limited in traditional positivistic methods. The findings generated from the narratives, narrated by seven Middle Eastern women, reveal the symbolic meanings associated to tattoos and the sense of ownership and control women have over their own bodies. Furthermore, results reveal a form of individualism in a collective and masculine culture with a patriarchal mindset. Middle Eastern women in this study are considered warriors that are successfully overcoming cultural‐bound impediments. This paper allows Middle Eastern women to express their voice in the ownership of their own bodies and in the decision taken in the practice of tattooing.
Decisions that matter: State Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program policy restrictiveness limits SNAP participation rate
Authors: Newby Kara , Chen Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) offers free benefits to qualifying individuals, but participation varies greatly from state to state. We explore the impact of SNAP administration policies, political factors, and socio‐demographic characteristics to explain this variation.MethodWe utilize a policy index that aggregates the effect of 10 SNAP administrative policies to evaluate the effects of policies over time on state SNAP participation rates.ResultsLess restrictive administrative policies are associated with increases in SNAP participation. Additionally, the unified Democratic control of state government, poverty, and unemployment all increase SNAP participation.ConclusionDifferences in SNAP state participation rates are not spurious. More restrictive administrative policies lower participation. Thus, SNAP policies are not purely “administrative” decisions; they can either work to encourage or discourage participation in the program.
Is intravenous immunoglobulin a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with haemolytic disease of the newborn? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Jie , Zhong Xiao‐Yun , Song Si‐Jie , Liao Ling‐Fan , Wu Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo assess whether the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in late‐preterm and term newborns with haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary centre. Infants with HDN during early neonatal period (<7 days) who were of ≥34 weeks' gestation and born between January 2019 and October 2021 were included. Propensity score, interaction as well as univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed.ResultsOne‐thousand two‐hundred and fifty‐nine infants with HDN were enrolled, of whom 192 (15.3%) received IVIG. NEC was diagnosed in 29 (2.3%) patients with 5 (2.6%) in the IVIG group and 24 (2.2%) in the non‐IVIG group. No significant association between IVIG administration and confirmed NEC was observed using univariate analysis (p > 0.05). The possible predictors of NEC, as assessed by multivariate analysis, were caesarean delivery, haemoglobin on admission <130 g/L and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). There was no interactive effect of IVIG against NEC for prematurity, low birth weight, caesarean delivery, haemoglobin on admission <130 g/L and PDA.ConclusionsIn late‐preterm and term infants with HDN, there was no evidence that the early use of IVIG led to the development of NEC.
Correlation of platelet‐derived growth factor and thromboxane A2 expression with platelet parameters and coagulation indices in chronic altitude sickness patients
Authors: Yin Yujuan , Geng Hui , Cui Sen , Hua‐Ji Lin 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) elevated in chronic altitude patients, and are they related to thrombosis in chronic mountain sickness?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The expression of PDGF and TXA2 in both the bone marrow and the peripheral blood of patients with chronic mountain sickness is elevated, and they are considered to be correlated in the mechanism of thrombosis in the chronic mountain sickness.
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) along with platelet parameters and coagulation indices in chronic mountain sickness (CMS) patients and healthy individuals on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The levels of PDGF and TXA2 were examined in 22 CMS patients (age, 52.77 ± 9.92 years, haemoglobin, 219 ± 13 g/l) and 25 healthy individuals (age, 47.80 ± 9.78 years, haemoglobin, 146 ± 18 g/l), and the association between platelet parameters and coagulation indices was investigated. Mean platelet volume and fibrinogen degradation product were higher in the CMS compared to the control group (10.58 ± 0.83 vs. 8.92 ± 1.61, 7.50 ± 2.15 vs. 4.40 ± 2.51), platelet count and plateletcrit were lower in the CMS compared to the control group (0.13 (0.80, 0.16) vs. 0.23 (0.18, 0.24), 109 ± 46 vs. 204 ± 86). The levels of PDGF and TXA2 in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of CMS patients were higher (P < 0.01) in comparison to the control group. The two factors had no statistically significant relationship with platelet parameters or coagulation indices (P > 0.159). According to the current findings, platelets in CMS patients were activated, resulting in aberrant coagulation and PDGF and TXA2 expression, which could be due to physiological adjustments to the plateau's high altitude. To summarize, PDGF and TXA2 levels in CMS patients were not correlated with coagulation or platelet parameters, implying that the mechanism behind their increased expression warrants additional investigation.
Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Fitness Are Key Correlates of Tactical Soccer Skill in Grassroots Soccer Players Aged 8–14 Years
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Clarke Neil D. , Bolt Lee , Eyre Emma , Roscoe Clare M.P. 
Published: May 2022

One hundred and twenty-one children (58 boys and 63 girls) aged 8–14 years (mean ± SD = 12 ± 1 years) who were regularly engaged in grassroots soccer participated in this study. Participants undertook assessments of fundamental movement skill (FMS) using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3, perceived ability using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children, physical fitness via 15-m sprint time, standing long jump distance, and technical skill using the university of Ghent dribbling test. The Procedural Tactical Knowledge Test was employed as a measure of tactical skill from which metrics for positioning and movement and recognizing spaces were derived. Maturation was determined from anthropometric measures. Analysis of covariance examined gender differences in tactical skills accounting for FMS, fitness, perceived ability, technical skill, maturation, and age. Results indicated no significant differences in tactical skills between boys and girls (p > .05). For recognizing spaces, 56% of the variance was explained with FMS (p = .001), physical fitness (p = .02), and technical skill (p = .02) contributing to the model. For positioning and movement, a significant model explained 55% of the variance in this element of tactical behavior with FMS (p = .002) and technical skill (p = .02) significantly contributing to the model.
Modeling of Electron Hole Transport within a Small Ribosomal Subunit
Authors: Sosorev A. Y. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract—
Synchronized operation of various parts of the ribosome during protein synthesis implies the presence of a coordinating pathway, however, this is still unknown. We have recently suggested that such a pathway can be based on charge transport along the transfer and ribosomal RNA molecules and localization of the charges in functionally important areas of the ribosome. In the current study, using density functional theory calculations, we show that charge carriers (electron holes) can efficiently migrate within the central element of the small ribosomal subunit—the h44 helix. Monte-Carlo modeling revealed that electron holes tend to localize in the functionally important areas of the h44 helix, near the decoding center and intersubunit bridges. On the basis of the results obtained, we suggest that charge transport and localization within the h44 helix could coordinate intersubunit ratcheting with other processes occurring during protein synthesis.
Assessing the burden of COVID-19 in developing countries: systematic review, meta-analysis and public policy implications
Authors: Levin Andrew T , Owusu-Boaitey Nana , Pugh Sierra , Fosdick Bailey K , Zwi Anthony B , Malani Anup , Soman Satej , Besançon Lonni , Kashnitsky Ilya , Ganesh Sachin , McLaughlin Aloysius , Song Gayeong , Uhm Rine , Herrera-Esposito Daniel , de los Campos Gustavo , Peçanha Antonio Ana Carolina , Tadese Enyew Birru , Meyerowitz-Katz Gideon 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 has been carefully measured and analysed in high-income countries, whereas there has been no systematic analysis of age-specific seroprevalence or IFR for developing countries.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the literature to identify all COVID-19 serology studies in developing countries that were conducted using representative samples collected by February 2021. For each of the antibody assays used in these serology studies, we identified data on assay characteristics, including the extent of seroreversion over time. We analysed the serology data using a Bayesian model that incorporates conventional sampling uncertainty as well as uncertainties about assay sensitivity and specificity. We then calculated IFRs using individual case reports or aggregated public health updates, including age-specific estimates whenever feasible.ResultsIn most locations in developing countries, seroprevalence among older adults was similar to that of younger age cohorts, underscoring the limited capacity that these nations have to protect older age groups.Age-specific IFRs were roughly 2 times higher than in high-income countries. The median value of the population IFR was about 0.5%, similar to that of high-income countries, because disparities in healthcare access were roughly offset by differences in population age structure.ConclusionThe burden of COVID-19 is far higher in developing countries than in high-income countries, reflecting a combination of elevated transmission to middle-aged and older adults as well as limited access to adequate healthcare. These results underscore the critical need to ensure medical equity to populations in developing countries through provision of vaccine doses and effective medications.
Tumor-associated Tregs obstruct antitumor immunity by promoting T cell dysfunction and restricting clonal diversity in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells
Authors: Noyes David , Bag Arup , Oseni Saheed , Semidey-Hurtado Jon , Cen Ling , Sarnaik Amod A , Sondak Vernon K , Adeegbe Dennis 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAccumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg) has been described to often correlate with poor prognosis in many solid tumors. How Treg presence impinges on limited functionality and clonal composition of tumor-associated CD8 +T cells has important implications for their therapeutic targeting in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we investigated how accumulation of Tregs contributes to T cell dysfunction and clonal constriction of tumor-infiltrating CD8 +T cells.MethodsResected melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma tissues from tumor-bearing mice or patients were analyzed. The proportions and phenotype as well as clonal diversity of tumor-associated CD8 +T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, respectively, at early or advanced tumor stages or under Treg depletion conditions. Furthermore, antigen-specific T cells were evaluated on adoptive transfer into tumor-bearing mice in the presence or absence of anti-CTLA-4 antibody or CTLA-4 Ig. Lastly, tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-KLRG1 antibody and/or bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 with interleukin (IL)-2 immune complexes to determine therapeutic efficacy.ResultsWe demonstrate that the emergence of exhaustion-like phenotype and impaired effector functionality in tumor-associated CD8 +T cells is positively correlated with Treg accumulation in the tumor bed and this dysfunctional phenotype becomes reversed on Treg reduction in murine melanoma and lung cancer models. Heightened tumor-associated Treg-expressed CTLA-4 is key to emergence and sustenance of this phenotype. Furthermore, TCR sequencing revealed a clonal shrinkage of tumor-infiltrating CD8 +T cells as tumor progressed, which was associated with reduced survival profile concomitant to increasing Treg proportions. Limited IL-2 availability was a key mechanism contributing to this peripheral repertoire reshaping as Treg depletion improved IL-2 levels, rescued CD8 +T cell viability, and improved their clonal diversity. Finally, targeted reduction of tumor but not peripheral Tregs through JQ1 and/or anti-KLRG1 antibody significantly improved antitumor response in melanoma-bearing mice when supplemented with IL-2 immune complexes.ConclusionCollectively, our study reveals a bimodal program enacted by Tregs to support T cell dysfunction in the tumor bed and highlights a promising therapeutic regimen for localized reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment to curb Treg impairment of antitumor CD8 +T cell response in favor of improved antitumor immunity.
Mechanism of effective combination radio-immunotherapy against 9464D-GD2, an immunologically cold murine neuroblastoma
Authors: Aiken Taylor J , Erbe Amy K , Zebertavage Lauren , Komjathy David , Feils Arika S , Rodriguez Matthew , Stuckwisch Ashley , Gillies Stephen D , Morris Zachary S , Birstler Jen , Rakhmilevich Alexander L , Sondel Paul M 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMost pediatric cancers are considered immunologically cold with relatively few responding to immune checkpoint inhibition. We recently described an effective combination radio-immunotherapy treatment regimen (combinationadaptive-innate immunotherapyregimen (CAIR)) targeting adaptive and innate immunity in 9464D-GD2, an immunologically cold model of neuroblastoma. Here, we characterize the mechanism of CAIR and the role of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in the treatment response.MethodsMice bearing GD2-expressing 9464D-GD2 tumors were treated with CAIR (external beam radiotherapy, hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine, CpG, anti-CD40, and anti-CTLA4) and tumor growth and survival were tracked. Depletion of specific immune cell lineages, as well as testing in immunodeficient R2G2 mice, were used to determine the populations necessary for treatment efficacy. Induction of MHC-I expression in 9464D-GD2 cells in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and CAIR was measuredin vitroandin vivo, respectively, by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. A cell line with IFN-γ-inducible MHC-I expression (9464D-GD2-I) was generated by transfecting a subclone of the parental cell line capable of expressing MHC-I with GD2 synthase and was usedin vivoto assess the impact of MHC-I expression on responsiveness to CAIR.ResultsCAIR cures some mice bearing small (50 mm3) but not larger (100 mm3) 9464D-GD2 tumors and these cured mice develop weak memory responses against tumor rechallenge. Early suppression of 9464D-GD2 tumors by CAIR does not require T or natural killer (NK) cells, but eventual tumor cures are NK cell dependent. Unlike the parental 9464D cell line, 9464D-GD2 cells have uniformly very low MHC-I expression at baseline and fail to upregulate expression in response to IFN-γ. In contrast, 9464D-GD2-I upregulates MHC-I in response to IFN-γ and is less responsive to CAIR.ConclusionTreatment with CAIR cures 9464D-GD2 tumors in a NK cell dependent manner and induction of MHC-I by tumors cells was associated with decreased efficacy. These results demonstrate that the early tumor response to this regimen is T and NK cell independent, but that NK cells have a role in generating lasting cures in the absence of MHC-I expression by tumor cells. Further strategies to better inhibit tumor outgrowth in this setting may require further NK activation or the ability to engage alternative immune effector cells.
Association between thoracic epidural block and major complications after pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma under general anesthesia
Authors: Onoe Ken , Ogata Hiroki , Okamoto Takuma , Okutani Hiroai , Ueki Ryusuke , Kariya Nobutaka , Tatara Tsuneo , Hashimoto Masaki , Hasegawa Seiki , Matsuki Yuka , Hirose Munetaka 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionA curative-intent surgical procedure, pleurectomy/decortication, for malignant pleural mesothelioma is accompanied by a high incidence of major postoperative complications. Although epidural block, which suppresses nociception during and after surgery, reportedly has both benefits and disadvantages in terms of outcomes after thoracic surgery for other diseases, the effects of epidural block on major complications after pleurectomy/decortication have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between epidural block and major postoperative complications following pleurectomy/decortication.MethodsIn a single-institutional observational study, consecutive adult patients undergoing pleurectomy/decortication under general anesthesia were enrolled from March 2019 to December 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between perioperative variables and major complications. Next, patients were divided into two groups: general anesthesia with and without epidural block. Incidences of major postoperative complications, defined as Clavien-Dindo grades≥III, were compared between groups.ResultsIn all patients enrolled with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II or III (n=99), general anesthesia without epidural block was identified as a sole risk factor for major complications among perioperative variables. The incidence of major complications was 32.3% (95% CI 19.1% to 49.2%) in patients with epidural block (n=34), which was significantly lower than 63.1% (95% CI 50.9% to 73.8%) in patients without epidural block (n=65). In sensitivity analysis in patients with ASA physical status II alone, the same results were obtained.ConclusionEpidural block is likely associated with reduction of the incidence of major complications after pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma under general anesthesia.
Stitching Monte Carlo samples
Authors: Ehatäht Karl , Veelken Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMonte Carlo (MC) simulations are extensively used for various purposes in modern high-energy physics (HEP) experiments. Precision measurements of established Standard Model processes or searches for new physics often require the collection of vast amounts of data. It is often difficult to produce MC samples containing an adequate number of events to allow for a meaningful comparison with the data, as substantial computing resources are required to produce and store such samples. One solution often employed when producing MC samples for HEP experiments is to partition the phase space of particle interactions into multiple regions and produce the MC samples separately for each region. This approach allows to adapt the size of the MC samples to the needs of physics analyses that are performed in these regions. In this paper we present a procedure for combining MC samples that overlap in phase space. The procedure is based on applying suitably chosen weights to the simulated events. We refer to the procedure as “stitching”. The paper includes different examples for applying the procedure to simulated proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
Co(III)-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin complexes with bidentate ligands in aqueous buffer media
Authors: Kaigorodova Elena Yu. , Mamardashvili Galina M. , Mamardashvili Nugzar Z. 
Published: May 2022

The processes of hydrophilic Co(III)-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin supramolecular assembly with 4,4-bipyridyl in aqueous buffer media have been studied by UV-vis, 1D and 2D 1H NMR-spectroscopy. In the case of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, pyrazine and piperazine in aqueous solutions, no assembly was observed. Interactions of the hydrophilic Co(III)-tetraarylporphyrin with ionic micelles (cationic surfactants with different alkyl tail lengths) in buffer media were investigated. These studies were performed by the UV-vis, 1D NOESY-spectroscopy and dynamic lightscattering (DLS) methods. The metalloporphyrins were incorporated into the hydrophobic part of micelles, which led to Co(III) reduction to Co(II) in the Co-porphyrinate composition. The rate of Co(III) reduction accompanied by detachment of additional ligands coordinated on Co(III)-porphyrins or disruption of supramolecular dimers and depends on the surfactant concentration and nature. The results obtained indicate the possibility of creating supramolecular porphyrin-based assemblies with the preprogrammed lifetime (from several hours to several days) and could be used in the creation of host-guest systems for recognition, selective binding and the prolonged release of bioactive substrates as the means in the designing of biomimetic systems with effective binding affinities to heterocycles, DNA base pairs and RNA.