bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine, Esketamine or a Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Combination for Induction of Anaesthesia in Children: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Lu Xinlei , Tang Ling , Lan Haiyan , Li Chunli , Lin Han 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine, esketamine or combined intranasal administration on the induction of inhalation anaesthesia in children.Methods: Ninety children aged 1–6 years were randomly allocated into three equal groups to be premedicated with either intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg (Group D), esketamine 1 mg/kg (Group S), or dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg combined with esketamine 0.5 mg/kg (Group DS). The primary endpoint was the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) Scale. Secondary outcomes included the sedation success rate; the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale score; the time of reaching up to two points on the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS); Parental Separation Anxiety Scale; anaesthesiologist satisfaction with induction based on the visual analogue scale; emergence agitation scale score; and adverse effects.Results: The children in the DS group showed a high degree of cooperation with inhalation anaesthesia induction, and their ICC score was significantly lower than that of the D and S groups (p = 0.001), but there was no difference between the D and S groups. The success rate of sedation was higher in Group DS (90%) than in Group D (70%) and Group S (53.3%) (p = 0.007). Anaesthesiologist satisfaction with induction was significantly higher in Group DS than in Groups D and S (p = 0.001). The incidence of emergence agitation and the Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score in the DS group were lower than those in the D and S groups.Conclusions: Preoperative intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine combined with esketamine can significantly improve the cooperation of children with inhalation anaesthesia masks. It is a sedation method that has a high success rate and reduces the incidence and degree of emergence agitation.
The Effects of an Acceptance and Commitment-Informed Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Program for Chronic Airway Diseases on Health Status and Psychological Symptoms
Authors: Giusti Emanuele Maria , Papazian Barbara , Manna Chiara , Giussani Valentina , Perotti Milena , Castelli Francesca , Battaglia Silvia , Galli Pietro , Rossi Agnese , Re Valentina , Goulene Karine , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Stramba-Badiale Marco 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChronic airway diseases are prevalent and costly conditions. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs that include Acceptance and Commitment-based (ACT) components could be important to tackle the vicious circle linking progression of the disease, inactivity, and psychopathological symptoms.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of routinely collected data of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program was performed. The program included group sessions including patient education, breathing exercise, occupational therapy and an ACT-based psychological treatment, and individual sessions of physical therapy. Demographic data, clinical characteristics of the patients and the values of outcome variables (health status, quality of life, anxiety, and depression) before treatment, at discharge, at 3 months, and at 6 months were extracted from medical records. Multiple imputation was employed to address missing data. Linear mixed models were employed to assess changes over time. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of a minimum clinically important change of health status from baseline to the 6-months follow-up.ResultsData from 31 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 12 patients with bronchiectasis were extracted. Health status improved from baseline to discharge to the 3 months follow-up, but not to the 6 months follow-up. Anxiety and depression improved across all the time points. Quality of life did not improve over time. Having a worse health status at baseline and fewer depressive symptoms were significantly associated with achieving a minimum clinically important change of health status at 6 months. The effects of the interdisciplinary program were not different for patients with COPD or with bronchiectasis.DiscussionInterdisciplinary programs including ACT-based components are promising treatments for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic airway diseases.
Acupuncture for Subthreshold Depression: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xian Jin , Wang Ling , Sun Mi , Wang Xue , Zang Xiao-Ming , Yu Hui-Juan , Zhang Xin , Cheng Bin , Tan Qi-Wen 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSubthreshold depression refers to a state of mental sub-health that has depressive symptoms but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. It is a strong risk factor for depression and is related to an increase in suicide and mortality. Studies suggest that acupuncture may be effective in the treatment of subthreshold depression, but no evidence has proven that the efficacy of acupuncture for subthreshold depression is a specific therapeutic effect or a placebo effect.MethodsThis will be a prospective, randomized, controlled, and double-blind study of 64 patients with subthreshold depression. They will be randomly assigned as verum or minimal acupuncture group members. Patients in the verum acupuncture group will receive acupuncture at the acupoints, and those in the minimal acupuncture group will receive minimal acupuncture at non-acupoints. The interventions will be delivered over an 8-week period. The primary outcome measure will be the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17). The secondary outcome measures will be the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and SF-12v2 Health Survey. The assessments will occur at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and during a follow-up period.DiscussionThe protocol uses a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture for subthreshold depression and to further study the mechanisms of its effect.
Gait Alterations in the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study With PODOSmart ® Insoles
Authors: Efthymiou Dimitris , Zekakos Dimitrios X. , Papatriantafyllou Evangelia , Ziagkas Efthimis , Petrelis Alexandros N. , Vassilopoulou Emilia 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSecond-generation antipsychotics (APs) are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress due to the reduced antioxidant systems, and neurological effects, including mobility impairment. This pilot study investigated relationships between inflammatory-metabolic biomarkers, MetS and gait alterations in patients with psychosis treated with APs.MethodsPatients with psychosis treated with APs, 20 with MetS (MPS group) and 20 without MetS (PS group) were studied, usinganthropometric data, blood measurements and gait analysis performed with the PODOSmart ® gait analysis device.Results and DiscussionThe MPS group had significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) and arterial blood pressure (BP) than the PS group. PODOSmart ® gait analysis recorded significant differences between groups in pronation-supination at Heel Off (HO), gaitline HO and gaitline Toe Off (TO). Multifactorial elastic net regression models demonstrated significant association with MetS of inflammatory markers, specific AP2 treatment, gender, age; BMI; BP and smoking (accuracy λ = 0.08), and in relation to gait parameters (accuracy λ = 0.750), the three pronation- supination variables, i.e., at HO, flat foot in (AP2 related) and TO, and propulsion speed. The gait parameters were at the edges of the model, thus indicating a more significant role of these parameters compared to the other clinical variables. Early diagnosis of MetS in patients with schizophrenia via identification of gait alterations can be a screening measure for serious cardiovascular complications related to psychosis and APs, to enable timely dietary intervention that can control the pro-inflammatory state and reduce oxidative stress.
Dysfunctional Attitudes Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Neglect and Anhedonia in Young Adult Major Depression Patients
Authors: Wang Peilin , Zhang Nan , Ma Simeng , Kang Lijun , Wang Wei , Zong Xiaofen , Bai Hanping , Li Ruiting , Liu Zhongchun 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChildhood traumas are well-established risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between childhood traumas types and MDD symptoms is unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that childhood traumas affect specific types of anhedonia in depression and the mediating role of dysfunctional attitude.MethodsWithin this cross-sectional study, 310 young adult patients with MDD completed the PHQ-9, CTQ-SF, DAS, and SHAPS. The statistical analyses used the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Mediation analyses were tested by the structural equation model (SEM).ResultsSpearman's rank correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the SHAPS, CTQ-SF, and DAS total score (p &lt; 0.05). The EA, EN, PN, and SHAPS scores were positively correlated (p &lt; 0.05). Among the four factors of anhedonia, social interaction and interest/pastimes were positively correlated with EA, EN, and PN (p &lt; 0.05), the sensory experience was positively correlated with EN (p &lt; 0.01), and diet did not correlate with childhood traumas. Stepwise regression analysis showed that dysfunctional attitude and emotional neglect were the main influencing factors of sensory experience (p &lt; 0.001) and social interaction (p &lt; 0.001). Dysfunctional attitude and physical neglect were the main factors influencing interest/pastimes (p &lt; 0.001). SEM analysis found that dysfunctional mediated between childhood traumas and anhedonia.ConclusionsThe degree of anhedonia was related to dysfunctional attitudes and childhood traumas. The childhood emotional neglect experience was the most important and was related to sensory and social anhedonia. Dysfunctional attitudes played a mediating role between childhood neglect and anhedonia. Early psychotherapy targeting young adult MDD patients with childhood emotional neglect may help decrease symptoms of anhedonia.
Suicidal Ideation Is Associated With Excessive Smartphone Use Among Chinese College Students
Authors: Huang Qiuping , Lin Shuhong , Li Ying , Huang Shucai , Liao Zhenjiang , Chen Xinxin , Shao Tianli , Li Yifan , Cai Yi , Qi Jing , Shen Hongxian 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSuicidal ideation is the first step and a strong predictor of suicide. College students are at a considerably high risk of suicidal ideation, and smartphones are commonly used in this group. However, the relationship between suicidal ideation and smartphone use among Chinese college students is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students and its association with smartphone use and addiction factors.MethodsA total of 439 college students participated the survey. We collected the demographic information, physical health, psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, social support, sleep quality), characteristics of smartphone use, and mobile phone addiction (MPA). Suicidal ideation was measured with a single question, “did you feel that life was not worth living in the past 1 year?”ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal ideation (“Yes” response) in the past year among Chinese college students was 7.5%. In binary logistic regression analysis, suicidal ideation was significantly correlated with less subjective social support (OR: 2.49,p= 0.049), lower utilization of social support (OR: 13.28,p= 0.012), more depressive symptoms (OR:4.96,p= 0.005), and more than 5 h of daily smartphone use (OR: 2.60,p= 0.025).ConclusionConsidering the widely use of smartphones in Chinese colleges and the correlation with suicidal ideation, excessive phone use among college students should be given more attention by administrators and health workers. It is necessary to obtain more information about the intention of smartphone use, make full use of smartphones for health education, and monitor excessive use of smartphones, while improving social support and coping mechanisms for depression, to identify suicidal ideation and prevent suicidal behavior among Chinese college students.
Direct Carotid Artery Exposure for Acute Cerebral Infarction in Hybrid Angiography Suite: Indications and Limitations
Authors: Chen Ching-Chang , Chen Chun-Ting , Wu Yi-Ming , Hsieh Po-Chuan , Yeap Mun-Chun , Chang Chien-Hung , Lin Chuan-Min , Chen Shao-Wei 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesFor the endovascular intervention of acute ischemic stroke, a transcervical route is an alternative approach in patients with challenging anatomical variations. Percutaneous puncture is a common way, but it can cause many fatal complications. Direct carotid artery exposure is an alternative for reducing complications. We demonstrate a technique of direct carotid exposure in patients for whom transfemoral or transbrachial approaches were impossible. We present patient outcomes and discuss the indications and limitations of this procedure.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients undergoing direct carotid exposure for acute ischemic stroke in a hybrid angiography suite and presented the details of the technique.ResultsAmong 548 consecutive patients with acute large vessel strokes who were treated by emergency endovascular thrombectomy or stenting between January 2015 and September 2020 in our center, only 8 (1.46%) required a transcervical approach. Of them, 7 underwent direct carotid exposure with successful recanalization and good clinical outcomes.ConclusionsDirect carotid exposure for endovascular stroke treatment is effective and advantageous in patients with challenging anatomical variations. Performing this procedure in carefully selected patients in the hybrid angiography suite can be beneficial in terms of open surgeries, saving time, and decreasing the risk of postoperative complications.
Effects of Confounding Factors on Liver Stiffness in Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Cha Jinwoo , Kim Jayon , Ko Jaeeun , Kim Jaehwan , Eom Kidong 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTwo-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is a powerful technique that can non-invasively measure liver stiffness to assess hepatic fibrosis.PurposeThis study aimed to identify the effects of confounding factors, including anesthesia, breathing, and scanning approach, on liver stiffness when performing 2D-SWE in dogs.Materials and MethodsNine healthy Beagle dogs were included in this study. Hepatic 2D-SWE was performed, and liver stiffness was compared between conscious and anesthetized states, free-breathing and breath-holding conditions, and intercostal and subcostal approaches. For the anesthetized state, the breath-holding condition was subdivided into seven phases, which included forced-expiration (5 and 10 mL/kg), end-expiration (0 cm H2O), and forced-inspiration (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O), and liver stiffness was compared among these phases. Changes in liver stiffness were compared between intercostal and subcostal approaches according to breathing phases.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in liver stiffness between the conscious and anesthetized states or between the free-breathing and breath-holding conditions. No significant difference was noted in liver stiffness among the breathing phases, except for forced-inspiration with high airway pressure (15 and 20 cm H2O in the intercostal approach and 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O in the subcostal approach), which was associated with significantly higher liver stiffness (p &lt; 0.05). Liver stiffness was significantly higher in the subcostal approach than in the intercostal approach (p &lt; 0.05). Changes in liver stiffness were significantly higher in the subcostal approach than in the intercostal approach in all forced-inspiratory phases (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, when performing 2D-SWE in dogs, liver stiffness is unaffected by anesthesia and free-breathing. To avoid inadvertent increases in liver stiffness, the deep inspiratory phase and subcostal approach are not recommended. Thus, liver stiffness should be interpreted considering these confounding factors.
Age at Time of Kidney Transplantation as a Predictor for Mortality, Graft Loss and Self-Rated Health Status: Results From the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
Authors: Beerli Nadine , Denhaerynck Kris , Binet Isabelle , Dahdal Suzan , Dickenmann Michael , Golshayan Delaviz , Hadaya Karine , Huynh-Do Uyen , Schnyder Aurelia , De Geest Sabina M. , Mauthner Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The effect of age on health outcomes in kidney transplantation remains inconclusive. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age at time of kidney transplantation with mortality, graft loss and self-rated health status in adult kidney transplant recipients.Methods: This study used data from the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study and included prospective data of kidney transplant recipients between 2008 and 2017. Time-to-event analysis was performed using Cox’ regression analysis, and -in the case of graft loss- competing risk analysis. A random-intercept regression model was applied to analyse self-rated health status.Results: We included 2,366 kidney transplant recipients. Age at transplantation linearly predicted mortality. It was also predictive for graft loss, though nonlinearly, showing that recipients aged between 35 and 55 years presented with the lowest risk of experiencing graft loss. No relationship of age with self-rated health status was detected.Conclusion: Higher mortality in older recipients complies with data from the general population. The non-linear relationship between age and graft loss and the higher scored self-rated health status at all follow-up time-points compared to the pre-transplant status -regardless of age- highlight that age alone might not be an accurate measure for risk prediction and clinical decision making in kidney transplantation.
المركز القانوني لكفيل الكفيل (المصدق) في القانون العراقي
Authors: علي راقية عبد الجبار 
Published: January 2022

كفالة المصدق، عقد بمقتضاه يكفل شخص تنفيذ التزام بأن يتعهد اللدائن بأن يفي بهذا الالتزام إذا لم يف به المدين الأصلي للدين والكفيل الذي تولى ضمان التزامه. فالمصدق، يعد الضامن الثاني للدين بعد الكفيل، إذ أن موضوع التزامه لا ينصب على ضمان دين المدين، وإنما ينصب على ضمان التزام الكفيل ومن هنا يكون للدائن ثلاثة أشخاص مسؤولين عن دين واحد وهم كل من: المدين، الكفيل، المصدق.
يتناول هذا البحث المركز القانوني للمصدق، من حيث التعريف بالمصدق وبيان الشروط الواجب توافره فيه وعلاقته بالدائن. والدفوع التي يستطيع التمسك بها لدفع مطالبة الدائن له بالدين.
SiO2/GaN interfaces with low defect densities and high breakdown electric fields formed by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: Aoshima Keito , Taoka Noriyuki , Horita Masahiro , Suda Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present SiO2/GaN interfaces with a low interface state density and a high breakdown electric field. The SiO2 films were deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) using bis(diethylamino)silane and O2 plasma at 300 °C on n-type GaN (0001) homoepitaxial layers. An interface state density of less than 1011 cm−2 eV−1 at 0.3 eV below the conduction band edge was confirmed by the conductance method. The value is much lower than those of previously reported ALD-SiO2/GaN interfaces (1012–1013 cm−2 eV−1). A low fixed charge density at the SiO2/GaN interface of 3.7

×

1011 cm−2 and a high dielectric breakdown field of ~10 MV cm–1 were obtained. Moreover, the interface state density and current−voltage characteristics were further improved by post-deposition annealing at 400 °C in N2 ambient. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed the existence of a GaO
x
interlayer between SiO2 and GaN. The unintentionally formed interlayer could be one of the reasons for the improvement of interface properties at ALD-SiO2/GaN.
Estimating severe irregularities of road ahead based on preceding vehicle responses
Authors: Li Daofei , Xiao Bin , Pan Hao 
Published: January 2022

<p>[This paper is accepted by Elsevier journal Control Engineering Practice.] </p>
<p>Road irregularities, e.g. potholes or bulges, will cause discomfort, vehicle damages or even accidents, if not being carefully handled by drivers. For driving safety and comfort, especially in highly automated vehicles, there is a need for accurate and efficient way to estimate the road condition ahead in advance. Existing direct sensing based methods are difficult to give detailed irregularity information, while current response based approaches require either too many measurements or accurate system parameters to guarantee estimation performances. Therefore, using the information of preceding vehicle responses, a Kalman filter based algorithm to estimate severe road irregularities is proposed. The single degree of freedom vertical dynamics model is reorganized to reduce the measurement requirements of the Kalman filter. To cope with the limited information of the preceding vehicle, the model parameters are approximated according to suspension design theories. Simulation and field data validation shows that the estimation algorithm is effective and robust on different vehicles.</p>
Pemetaan Potensi Desa Swasembada Berbasis Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia di Desa Suntenjaya Dan Desa Wangunharja Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Permadi Dodi , Armiati Sari , Supono Supono 
Published: January 2022

Desa Suntenjaya dan Desa Wangunharja berada di daerah Kabupaten Bandung Barat, merupakan desa yang memiliki potensi tinggi dengan hasil sumberdaya alam melimpah berupa sayuran, perkebunan kopi, peternakan cacing dan peternakan sapi, serta wilayah yang strategis untuk dijadikan daerah wisata. Untuk membantu pengembangan kedua desa ini dalam mengelola potensi wilayahnya maka dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) ini akan difokuskan terlebih dahulu pada pengembangan kemampuan sumber daya manusia (SDM) melalui pelatihan di desa meliputi aparat desa maupun badan usaha milik desa. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengembangkan kemampuan SDM secara teknis dan manajerial. Pelatihan -pelatihan yang akan diselenggarakan meliputi bidang keilmuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, ilmu manajemen, ilmu logistik dan pengelolaan keuangan (akuntansi). Diharapkan PkM ini dapat berkelanjutan setelah diterapkan pelatihan-pelatihan untuk SDM di tahun pertama, dan tahun berikutnya dapat dilaksanakan ke level semi manajerial dan operasional sekaligus menjadikan kedua desa ini sebagai desa binaan di Politeknik Pos Indonesia