bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme emotional disturbance: Legal frameworks and considerations for forensic evaluation
Authors: Johnston E. Lea , Gliser Christina P. , Haney Jonathan P. , Formon Dana L. , Hashimoto Naoko , Rossbach Nadia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA significant minority of jurisdictions in the United States offer extreme emotional disturbance (EED) as a partial defense to murder. The form of this defense, as established by statute and case law, varies widely among jurisdictions. Empirical research on EED is scant with little guidance to forensic mental health professionals on how to approach and conceptualize potential EED cases. This paper addresses these issues by being the first known published work to (1) set forth a contemporary map of the varying definitions and scope of EED across the United States, (2) translate legal terminology into constructs accessible to forensic evaluators, and (3) provide legal and clinical analyses of sample EED cases to highlight key differences in the form of the defense and the admissibility of evidence between jurisdictions.
Capsaicin suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting the stemness of hepatic progenitor cells via SIRT1/SOX2 signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Zhi‐Qin , Li Hong‐Xia , Hou Xiao‐Juan , Huang Mei‐Yuan , Zhu Ze‐Min , Wei Li‐Xin , Tang Cai‐Xi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsCapsaicin, a functional component of chili pepper, possesses anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and anti‐cancer properties. This study aimed to determine the property of capsaicin against hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo and investigate the role of the SIRT1/SOX2 pathway in the mode of action of capsaicin in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), which is related to hepatocarcinogenesis.Materials & MethodsWe prepared a diethylnitrosamine‐induced liver cancer model in rats to examine hepatocarcinogenesis, and delivered liposomal capsaicin through the subcutaneous transposition of the spleen to the liver. Liver sections from rats and hepatocarcinoma patients were stained for the markers of HPCs or SIRT1/SOX2 signaling. SIRT1/SOX2 signalling expression was measured using immunoprecipitation and western blot.ResultsWe found that capsaicin significantly inhibited hepatocarcinogenesis. Notably, capsaicin inhibited HPCs activation in vivo but did not induce apoptosis in the normal hepatic progenitor cell line in rats in vitro. This suggests that capsaicin suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting the stemness of HPCs. Moreover, capsaicin can induce this inhibition by reducing the stability of SOX2. SIRT1 is overexpressed in liver cancer and acts as a tumor promoter via SOX2 deacetylation. Using immunoprecipitation, we identified direct binding between SIRT1 and SOX2. The capsaicin treatment resulted in SIRT1 downregulation which reduced deacetylation, and increased nuclear export as well as subsequent ubiquitous degradation of SOX2.ConclusionsAltogether, we report that capsaicin suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting the stemness of HPCs via SIRT1/SOX2 signaling. It may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for liver cancer.
Closing the loop in cath lab communication: Avoiding the tower of babble
Authors: Seto Arnold H. 
Published: June 2022

Key Points
Closed‐loop communication (CLC) can reduce miscommunication and medical errors.
This quality improvement study showed that CLC was poor at baseline, improved modestly with education and training, and peaked only with management accountability.
Effective and safe cath lab teams have common goals, good communication, mutual respect, and good leadership.
In Situ Observation of Hot Carrier Transfer at Plasmonic Au/Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Interfaces
Authors: Wang Shuobo , Wu Lei , Li Jikun , Deng Chaoyuan , Xue Jing , Tang Daojian , Ji Hongwei , Chen Chuncheng , Zhang Yuchao , Zhao Jincai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConstructing heterostructures have been demonstrated as an ideal strategy for boosting charge separation on plasmonic photocatalysts, but the detailed interface charge transfer mechanism remains elusive. Herein, that authors fabricate plasmonic Au and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs, NH2−MIL‐125 and MIL‐125 used in this work) heterostructures and explore the interface charge transfer mechanism by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The plasmon‐excited hot electrons on Au can transfer across the Au/MOF interface and be captured by the coordinatively unsaturated sites of secondary building units (Ti8O8(OH)4 cluster) of the MOF structure, and the plasmon‐excited hot holes on Au tend to transfer to and be trapped at the functionalized organic ligand (1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate−NH2). The spatially separated hot electrons and holes exhibit boosted the photocatalytic activity for chromium (VI) reduction and selective benzyl alcohol oxidation. This work illustrates the advantage of the versatile functionalization of MOF structures enabling molecular‐level manipulation of interface charge transfer on plasmonic photocatalysts.
Enhancement of Mass and Charge Transfer during Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction by Enhanced Surface Hydrophobicity without a Barrier Layer
Authors: Liu Xuan , Huang Chengxi , Ouyang Bo , Du Yongping , Fu Boyu , Du Zhengwei , Ju Qiang , Ma Jingjing , Li Ang , Kan Erjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) represents a promising route for the clean utilization of renewable resources. But mass‐transfer limitations seriously hinder the forward step. Enhancing the surface hydrophobicity by using polymers has been proved to be one of the most efficient strategies. However, as macromolecular organics, polymers on the surface hinder the transfer of charge carriers from catalysts to reactants. Herein, we describe an in‐situ surface fluorination strategy to enhance the surface hydrophobicity of TiO2 without a barrier layer of organics, thus facilitating the mass transfer of CO2 to catalysts and charge transfer. With less obstruction to charge transfer, a higher CO2, and lower H+ surface concentration, the photocatalytic CRR generation rate of methanol (CH3OH) is greatly enhanced to up to 247.15 μmol g−1 h−1. Furthermore, we investigated the overall defects; enhancing the surface hydrophobicity of catalysts provides a general and reliable method to improve the competitiveness of CRR.
Thermal Properties of MXenes and Relevant Applications
Authors: Yu LePing , Xu Lyu , Lu Lu , Alhalili Zahrah , Zhou XiaoHong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe properties and applications of MXenes (a family of layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have aroused enormous research interests for a decade since the successful synthesis of few‐layer transition metal carbides in 2011. Though MXenes, as the building blocks, have already been applied in various fields (such as wearable electronics) owing to the distinctive optical, mechanical and electrical properties, their thermal stability and intrinsic thermal properties were less thoroughly investigated compared to other characteristics in early reports. The pioneering theoretical prediction of the thermoelectric nature of MXenes was performed in 2013 while the first experiment‐based report concerning the degradation behavior of the 2D structure at elevated temperatures in a controlled atmosphere was published in 2015, followed by numerous discoveries regarding the thermal properties of MXenes. Herein, after a brief description of the synthesis, this Review summarized the latest insights into the thermal stability and thermophysical properties of MXenes, and further associated these unique properties with relevant applications by multiple examples. Finally, current hurdles and challenges in this field were provided along with some advices on potential research directions in the future.
Ombuin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats by anti‐inflammation and antifibrosis involving Notch 1 and PPAR γ signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Bin , Deng Caichun , Tan Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes and it is urgent to develop effective therapies for DN. In this study, high‐sucrose and high‐fat diet combined with streptozotocin was used to induce DN in rats to observe the effects of natural flavonoid ombuin on renal function, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis were used to detect protein expression levels. Results showed that ombuin significantly improved renal function and pathological injury, inhibited accumulation of advanced glycation end‐products, suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines, and improved renal interstitial fibrosis in DN rats. Ombuin also significantly downregulated the expressions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF‐β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), p65, phosphorylated (p)‐p65, Cleaved‐Notch 1, and hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes 1), and upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR γ). When PPAR γ activity was inhibited by T0070907, the effects of ombuin on improving DN were significantly reversed, and the expressions of TGF‐β1, FN, CTGF, p‐p65, and p65 increased, while the expressions of Cleaved‐Notch 1 and Hes 1 were not significantly affected. These results suggest that ombuin may activate PPAR γ to exert anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effects by inhibiting Notch 1 activity in DN. It is also possible that ombuin acts on these two independent signal pathways synchronously.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed (3+2)‐Cycloadditions of Chiral Pyrimidinyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes with Nitrosoarenes or Silyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Wang Hai‐Xia , Zhang Mi‐Mi , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChiral isoxazole and carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues were synthesized via (3+2)‐cycloadditions of chiral pyrimidinyl‐substituted dimethyl cyclopropanedicarboxylates. In the presence of MgI2, (3+2)‐cycloadditions of chiral pyrimidinyl‐substituted cyclopropanes with nitrosoarenes afforded diverse chiral isoxazole pyrimidine nucleoside analogues in up to 78 % yield and 88–96 % ee. Using Nd(OTf)3 as the catalyst, the annulation reaction with silyl enol ethers generated a series of chiral carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues in up to 64 % yield, >20 : 1 dr, and 87–96 % ee. The proposed methods either reduced or avoided partial racemization.
Attenuated brain white matter functional network interactions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Meng Li , Wang Hongyu , Zou Ting , Wang Xuyang , Chen Huafu , Xie Fangfang , Li Rong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extensive structural abnormalities in cortical and subcortical brain areas. However, an association between changes in the functional networks in brain white matter (BWM) and Parkinson's symptoms remains unclear. With confirming evidence that resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) of BWM signals can effectively describe neuronal activity, this study investigated the interactions among BWM functional networks in PD relative to healthy controls (HC). Sixty‐eight patients with PD and sixty‐three HC underwent rs‐fMRI. Twelve BWM functional networks were identified by K‐means clustering algorithm, which were further classified as deep, middle, and superficial layers. Network‐level interactions were examined via coefficient Granger causality analysis. Compared with the HC, the patients with PD displayed significantly weaker functional interaction strength within the BWM networks, particularly excitatory influences from the superficial to deep networks. The patients also showed significantly weaker inhibitory influences from the deep to superficial networks. Additionally, the sum of the absolutely positive/negative regression coefficients of the tri‐layered networks in the patients was lower relative to HC (p < .05, corrected for false discovery rate). Moreover, we found the functional interactions involving the deep BWM networks negatively correlated with part III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scales and Hamilton Depression Scales. Taken together, we demonstrated attenuated BWM interactions in PD and these abnormalities were associated with clinical motor and nonmotor symptoms. These findings may aid understanding of the neuropathology of PD and its progression throughout the nervous system from the perspective of BWM function.
Impact of long‐term administration of maralixibat on children with cholestasis secondary to Alagille syndrome
Authors: Shneider Benjamin L. , Spino Catherine A. , Kamath Binita M. , Magee John C. , Ignacio Rosalinda V. , Huang Suiyuan , Horslen Simon P. , Molleston Jean P. , Miethke Alexander G. , Kohli Rohit , Leung Daniel H. , Jensen M. Kyle , Loomes Kathleen M. , Karpen Saul J. , Mack Cara , Rosenthal Philip , Squires Robert H. , Baker Alastair , Rajwal Sanjay , Kelly Deirdre , Sokol Ronald J. , Thompson Richard J. ,   for ChiLDReN and UK IMAGO/IMAGINE Investigators
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There is growing interest in, but limited data about, intestinal bile acid transport inhibitors as treatment for cholestatic liver disease. The current analyses combine two similar randomized placebo‐controlled trials with subsequent extension phases investigating the impact of maralixibat in children with severe cholestasis secondary to Alagille Syndrome (n = 57). The primary outcomes were measures of pruritus (ItchRO[Obs]) and clinician scratch scale (CSS), both increasing in severity from 0 to 4) and quality of life (QoL) (Parent PedsQL and Multidimensional Fatigue Scale module [MFS] scaled 0–100 with increased QoL) at week 48 of the extension phase relative to the baseline of the placebo‐controlled trials (week 13). Secondary assessments included other clinical and biochemical parameters assessed in participants at week 72 or end of treatment (after week 48). At week 48, statistically and clinically significant least square mean (95% CI) improvements in pruritus and QoL were observed (ItchRO[Obs] −1.59 [−1.81, −1.36], CSS −1.36 [−1.67, −1.05], PedsQL +10.17 [4.48, 15.86], and multidimension fatigue [MFS] +13.97 [7.85, 20.08]). At week 48, serum bile acids, platelet count, and cholesterol decreased, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased and total bilirubin (TB) and albumin were stable. Changes were durable at week 72 and end of treatment. There were no deaths; 2 participants underwent liver transplantation. Study drug was discontinued in 9 participants after treatment‐emergent adverse events, 6 of which were events of increased ALT or TB. Conclusion: Maralixibat administration was associated with marked improvement in pruritus and QoL. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by the complex natural history of severe cholestasis in Alagille syndrome.
Investigation of the effects of safranal on the experimentally created rheumatoid arthritis model in rats
Authors: Cellat Mustafa , İşler Cafer T. , Kutlu Tuncer , Kuzu Müslüm , Etyemez Muhammed , Alakuş Halil , Güvenç Mehmet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic disease characterized by inflammation and synovitis. More effective treatment methods with less side effects need to be developed. In this context, current study investigated the therapeutic effects of safranal in a model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced RA. The control group was given 1 ml of saline orally starting from the 8th day, and 0.2 ml of CFA was given to the RA, RA + Safranal and RA + Methotrexate (MTX) groups on the 0th day of the experiment. Starting from the 8th day of the experiment, 1 ml of saline was given to the RA group, safranal was given at 200 mg/kg of body weight to the RA + MTX group, and 3 mg/kg of MTX to the RA + MTX group twice a week. The results showed that weight gain decreased in the RA group compared to the control group while arthritis index score, thymus index, and planter temperature were found to be increased. Additionally, a deterioration in blood parameters, an increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, C‐reactive protein, and malondialdehyde levels, and a decrease in reduced glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT) activities were seen while tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cyclooxygenase‐2, nuclear factor kappa B levels were found to be increased. However, the safranal had a regulatory effect on all the values, except IL‐6 and CAT, and blood parameters. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed that safranal reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.
Enhanced production of amylase, pyruvate and phenolic compounds from glucose by light‐driven Aspergillusniger–CuS nanobiohybrids
Authors: Priyanka Uddandarao , Lens Piet NL 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe demand for value‐added compounds such as amylase, pyruvate and phenolic compounds produced by biological methods has prompted the rapid development of advanced technologies for their enhanced production. Nanobiohybrids (NBs) make use of both the microbial properties of whole‐cell microorganisms and the light‐harvesting efficiency of semiconductors. Photosynthetic NBs were constructed that link the biosynthetic pathways of Aspergillus niger with CuS nanoparticles.RESULTSIn this work, NB formation was confirmed by negative values of the interaction energy, i.e., 2.31 × 108 to −5.52 × 108 kJ mol−1 for CuS–Che NBs, whereas for CuS–Bio NBs the values were −2.31 × 108 to −4.62 × 108 kJ mol−1 for CuS–Bio NBs with spherical nanoparticle interaction. For CuS–Bio NBs with nanorod interaction, it ranged from −2.3 × 107 to −3.47 × 107 kJ mol−1. Further, the morphological changes observed by scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of the elements Cu and S in the energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra and the presence of CuS bonds in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate NB formation. In addition, the quenching effect in photoluminescence studies confirmed NB formation. Production yields of amylase, phenolic compounds and pyruvate amounted to 11.2 μmol L−1, 52.5 μmol L−1 and 28 nmol μL−1, respectively, in A. niger–CuS Bio NBs on the third day of incubation in the bioreactor. Moreover, A niger cells–CuS Bio NBs had amino acids and lipid yields of 6.2 mg mL−1 and 26.5 mg L−1, respectively. Furthermore, probable mechanisms for the enhanced production of amylase, pyruvate and phenolic compounds are proposed.CONCLUSIONAspergillus niger–CuS NBs were used for the production of the amylase enzyme and value‐added compounds such as pyruvate and phenolic compounds. Aspergillus niger–CuS Bio NBs showed a greater efficiency compared to A. niger–CuS Che NBs as the biologically produced CuS nanoparticles had a higher compatibility with A. niger cells. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fabrication of organobentonite by microwave‐assisted heating and its adsorption property for phenol
Authors: Ye Junxiu , Li Gufeng , Zhang Yao , Ji Shiju , Yang Min , Luo Lijun , Wang Hongbin , Li Jiaxiong , Li Guizhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adsorption removal of phenol onto bentonite that was prepared by the traditional hydrothermal method has been widely studied; especially, surfactant‐modified bentonite has achieved an exclusive position on effective removal to phenol. However, the adsorption performance of the bentonite functionalized by double‐carbon chain surfactants in a microwave field for phenol is relatively low. The study on the fabrication of organobentonite by microwave‐assistance to remove organic pollutants still needs to be investigated.RESULTSThe adsorption performance of bentonite was enhanced after functionalizing with Dihexadecyldimethylammonium Bromide (D1621). FTIR and XRD patterns revealed that D1621 was successfully intercalated into bentonite, and the interval space was increased by 1.54 to 1.84 nm. The optimized preparation condition was obtained at a molar ratio (D1621: Bentonite) of 0.36, solid–liquid ratio (D1621 + Bent: water) of 0.12, microwave mode of Med, and thermal radiation for 6 min based on the indicator of phenol adsorption uptake. An excellent removal rate for phenol was observed at pH 2 to 7 and room temperature in adsorption tests. The adsorption process was spontaneous at room temperature according to thermodynamic parameters, and it agrees with Freundlich (R2 = 0.9781) and pseudo‐second‐order (R2 = 0.9999) models, validating a chemisorption process.CONCLUSIONThe D1621‐Bent perpetrated by using the microwave‐assisted heating method was proven to be a reliable adsorbent for phenol in water. The adsorption performance of bentonite on phenol was remarkably enhanced after the introduction of organic modifiers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with clonal evolution due to delay in chemotherapy: A report of a case
Authors: Haidary Ahmed Maseh , Saadaat Ramin , Abdul‐Ghafar Jamshid , Rahmani Soma , Noor Sarah , Noor Sahar , Nasir Najla , Ahmad Maryam , Zahier Ahmad Shekib , Zahier Rohullah , Malakzai Haider Ali , Ibrahimkhil Abdul Sami , Sharif Samuel , Baryali Tawab , Mohib Inamullah , Saqib Abdul Hadi , Azma Raja Zahratul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClonal evolution in acute leukemias is one of the most important factors that leads to therapeutic failure and disease relapse. Delay in therapeutic intervention is one of the reasons that leads toward clonal evolution. In this report, we present a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which therapeutic delay resulted in clonal evolution that was detected by conventional karyotyping and was responsible for non‐responsiveness of the disease to conventional chemotherapy. A 17‐year‐old boy presented with generalized body aches, rapidly progressive pallor and lethargy. Bone marrow analysis was consistent with the diagnosis of B‐cell ALL. Karyotypic analysis revealed 46, XY male karyotype. The patient left the hospital due to financial reasons and after 40 days came back to the hospital. Repeated bone marrow analysis including cytogenetic studies revealed presence of three different clones of blast cells: one clone showed 46, XY with del(9p) and t (11;14), second clone showed 46, XY with del(7q) and del(9p), and the third clone showed 46, XY normal karyotype. The patient did not respond to chemotherapy and died within 1 week of induction chemotherapy (HyperCVAD‐A). Timely diagnosis and institution of chemotherapy in acute leukemias patients is the key to prevent clonal evolution and thus resistance of the disease to therapeutic interventions.
Long‐term observation of the frequency of secondary colorectal cancer and other malignancies in tyrosine kinase inhibitor treated chronic myeloid leukemia patients and controls
Authors: Winkelmann Nina , Schwarz Michaela , Hildebrandt Bert , Henke Oliver , Bullinger Lars , Na Il‐Kang , Stintzing Sebastian , le Coutre Philipp 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this analysis, we examined the risk of secondary malignancies for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. We also collected data on specific risk factors for colorectal cancer. Ninety‐one patients with CML and 76 controls were included and in total 4 (4.4%) secondary malignancies were found in patients and 8 (10.5%) in controls. The risk for secondary malignancies was not significantly elevated for CML patients (p = 0.141). Two (2.2%) CML patients developed colorectal cancer compared to 4 (5.3%) in the reference group. A higher risk for CML patients for colorectal cancer could not be found (p = 0.414).