bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences in Routine Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Hemorrhagic, Thrombotic, and Platelet Disorders
Authors: Pezeshkpoor B. , Oldenburg J. , Pavlova A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHemostasis is a complex and tightly regulated system that attempts to maintain a homeostatic balance to permit normal blood flow, without bleeding or thrombosis. Hemostasis reflects the subtle balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors in the pathways of primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis, and fibrinolysis. The major components in this interplay include the vascular endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors, and fibrinolytic factors. After vessel wall injury, the subendothelium is exposed to the blood stream, followed by rapid activation of platelets via collagen binding and von Willebrand factor–mediated platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall through platelet glycoprotein receptor Ib/IX/V. Activated platelets change their shape, release bioactive molecules from their granules, and expose negatively charged phospholipids on their surface. For a proper function of this process, an adequate number of functional platelets are required. Subsequently, a rapid generation of sufficient amounts of thrombin begins; followed by activation of the coagulation system and its coagulation factors (secondary hemostasis), generating fibrin that consolidates the platelet plug. To maintain equilibrium between coagulation and anticoagulation, the naturally occurring anticoagulants such as protein C, protein S, and antithrombin keep this process in balance. Deficiencies (inherited or acquired) at any level of this fine-tuned system result in pathologic bleedings or increased hypercoagulability states leading to thrombosis. This review will focus on genetic diagnosis of inherited bleeding, thrombotic, and platelet disorders, discussing strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic settings and genetic tools and highlight some important considerations necessary for clinical application.
Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis
Authors: Klahn Philipp , Zscherp Robert , Jimidar Claire C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1	Introduction2	Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3	Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4	Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5	Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6	Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7	Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8	Conclusions
Efficacy and Safety of Edoxaban in Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: A Real World Retrospective Study
Authors: Grifoni Elisa , Baroncelli Andrea , Pinto Gabriele , Cosentino Eleonora , Micheletti Irene , Signorini Ira , Panigada Grazia , Landini Giancarlo , Masotti Luca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Few data exist on the use of edoxaban in cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) outside of clinical trials. Aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of these patients in a real world clinical setting.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of patients with cancer-associated VTE who were prescribed edoxaban. Follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months was performed: VTE recurrences, bleedings, mortality, cancer progression and treatment, edoxaban interruption and its reason were assessed.
Results Fifty-four patients, 38 females (70.4%), mean age 71 ± 14 years, were enrolled. In 38 patients (70.4%), the episode of VTE was the first one, in 28 (51.8%) it was an isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in 13 (24.1%) a pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with DVT, in 13 (24.1%) an isolated PE. Median time between cancer and VTE diagnosis was 6 (interquartile range [IQR] 2–47) months. Median time between VTE diagnosis and edoxaban prescription was 36 (IQR 7–117) days. At 3, 6, and 12 months the incidence of all-cause mortality was 16.6, 22.2, and 38.8%, that of VTE recurrence 1.8, 1.8, and 3.7%, and that of major bleeding 7.4, 9.2, and 12.9%, respectively. No bleeding was fatal. Of the 33 patients alive at 12 months, 32 (96.9%) were still on edoxaban therapy, in seven (21.2%) cancer was in progression.
Conclusion Our study, conducted on a real world population of patients with cancer-associated VTE, confirms the results of randomized controlled clinical trials, and supports the use of edoxaban as effective and safe treatment in this context.
Dimerization of 3-Chlorooxindoles Mediated by Potassium Ethyl­xanthate: Synthesis of Isoindigos
Authors: Meesin Jatuporn , Chotsaeng Nawasit , Kuhakarn Chutima 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel dimerization of 3-chlorooxindoles promoted by potassium ethylxanthate to access isoindigo derivatives is described. The reactions proceeded readily at room temperature in short reaction times. A mechanistic study revealed that the 3-chlorooxindole is initially converted into O-ethyl S-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl) dithiocarbonate, which subsequently undergoes dimerization with elimination of carbon disulfide. In almost all cases, analytically pure isoindigos were isolated in moderate to good yields without a requirement for chromatographic purification.
Measurement of Gastric Emptying Using a 13C-octanoic Acid
Breath Test with Wagner-Nelson Analysis and Scintigraphy in Type 2
Diabetes
Authors: Trahair Laurence G , Nauck Michael A , Wu Tongzhi , Stevens Julie E , Buttfield Madeline D , Hatzinikolas Seva , Pham Hung , Meier Juris J , Rayner Christopher K , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Breath tests utilising 13C-labelled substrates for
the assessment of gastric emptying have been applied widely. Wagner-Nelson
analysis is a pharmacokinetic model that can be utilised to generate a gastric
emptying curve from the % 13CO2 measured
in breath samples. We compared Wagner-Nelson analysis with (i) scintigraphy and
(ii) conventional breath test modelling to quantify gastric emptying in type 2
diabetes.
Methods Thirteen patients (age 68.1±1.5 years, body mass index
31.0±0.9 kg/m2, HbA1c
6.3±0.2%) consumed a mashed potato meal comprising 65 g
powdered potato, 20 g glucose, 250 ml water, an egg yolk
labelled with 100 μL 13C-octanoic acid and 20MBq
99mTc-calcium phytate. Scintigraphic data were acquired and
breath samples collected for 4 hours after the meal. Gastric emptying
curves were derived based on each technique; the 50% emptying time and
intragastric retention at 60 min were also calculated.
Results With Wagner-Nelson analysis, a Kel=0.60 (the
elimination constant) best approximated the scintigraphic gastric emptying
curve. There was a relationship between the T50 calculated with scintigraphy and
by both Wagner-Nelson Kel=0.60 (r2=0.45,
P<0.05) and conventional analysis (r2=0.44,
P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the 50% gastric
emptying time for scintigraphy (68.5±4.8 min) and Wagner-Nelson
Kel=0.60 (71.3±4.5 min), however, the
50% gastric emptying time calculated by conventional analysis was much
greater at 164.7±6.0 min (P<0.001).
Conclusion In type 2 diabetes, gastric emptying of a mashed potato meal
measured using a 13C-octanoic acid breath test analysed with
Wagner-Nelson Kel=0.60 closely reflects measurements obtained
with scintigraphy, whereas, in absolute terms, the conventional breath test
analysis does not.
Direct Synthesis of Disubstituted Trifluoromethylthiolated Alkenes
Authors: Fichez Jeanne , Dupommier Dorian , Besset Tatiana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the field of organofluorine chemistry, the quest for emergent fluorinated groups is in high demand. In particular, the scientific community has shown special interest in the SCF3 residue thanks to its unique properties. Indeed, over the last decade, the SCF3 group has become a pivotal fluorinated moiety, as demonstrated by several SCF3-containing compounds of interest, and, related to that, the steadily increasing number of synthetic methods that are available to access such molecules. In this Short Review, the main advances made for the synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated disubstituted alkenes will be discussed and highlighted.1	Introduction2	Trifluoromethylthiolation of Prefunctionalized Alkenes3	Direct C–H Trifluoromethylthiolation of Alkenes4	Trifluoromethylthiolation of Miscellaneous Derivatives5	Conclusion
Active and Latent Tuberculosis in Children Treated with Anti-TNF-α: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Dalgic Nazan , Sahin Ayse , Torun Selda Hancerli , Kaba Ozge , Onal Pinar , Yilmaz Ayse Tekin , Turel Ozden , Yasar Belma , Kara Manolya , Aygun Deniz , Kilinc Ayse , Oncel Selim , Duramaz Burcu Bursal , Urganci Nafiye , Somer Ayper , Cokugras Haluk , Arisoy Emin Sami 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the frequency of latent and active tuberculosis (TB) in pediatric patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy.
Methods Patients younger than 18 years with various inflammatory diseases and treated with anti-TNF-α agents in the past five years were included in the study. The patients' ages, follow-ups, medications received, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatments applied were recorded retrospectively.
Results Of the 160 patients included in the study, 78 (48.8%) were girls. The mean age was 139.54 ± 48.74 (30–226) months. Sixty (37.5%) patients had inflammatory eye disease, 55 (34.4%) had rheumatologic and autoimmune disease, and 45 (28.1%) had inflammatory bowel disease. As anti-TNF-α treatment, 67 (41.9%) patients received adalimumab, 50 (31.2%) received infliximab, and 43 (26.9%) received etanercept. As a result of TB screening performed prior to the treatment, 44 (25.4%) patients were started on isoniazid treatment with the diagnosis of latent TB. During follow-up, latent TB infection was detected in 16 (9.2%) patients and isoniazid treatment was started. The time to develop latent TB under anti-TNF-α treatment ranged from 3 to 28 months. During the treatment, active TB infection developed in two (1.2%) patients and anti-TB treatment was initiated.
Conclusion It is of vital importance to evaluate patients receiving, or planned to receive, anti-TNF-α treatment, for TB infection and to initiate appropriate treatments if latent or active TB infection is identified.
Validity and Reliability of Quick Motor Function Test in Ambulatory Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
Authors: Imamoglu Sena , Kenis-Coskun Ozge , Deveci Mehmet , Ozturk Gulten , Karadag-Saygi Evrim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe quick motor function test (QMFT) is used to evaluate Pompe patients' motor function. This study aims to evaluate the convergent validity and reliability of the cross-culturally adapted Turkish version of QMFT in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with DMD were included in the study. The QMFT was translated and adapted to Turkish. The functionality of the patients was assessed with the north star ambulatory assessment (NSAA) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT); muscle strength was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer. There were two separate practitioners on the first day of the QMFT study; it was applied a second time by the first practitioner 14 days later. The mean age of DMD patients was 9.03 ± 3.39 (minimum 4–maximum 18	. Twenty-seven patients concluded all the necessary assessments. Intrarater reliability of QMFT in patients with DMD was intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.98, and interrater reliability ICC = 0.98 was excellent. QMFT correlated very well with 6MWT (r
s = 0.86; p < 0.001) and NSAA (r
s = 0.91; p < 0.001). Both the QMFT and NSAA show stronger correlations with proximal muscle groups (convergent validity) than with distal muscle groups (divergent validity). QMFT is a reliable and valid test for evaluating motor function in patients with DMD.
A thermal conductivity sensor based on mixed carbon material modification for hydrogen detection
Authors: Zou Zhihui , Zhang Hongquan , Sun Yongyi , Gao Yanbin , Dou Ligang 
Published: March 2022

In order to overcome the many shortcomings of traditional hot-wire thermal conductivity sensor design, a new design method was proposed in which a graphene–composite carbon nanotube mixed carbon material was used as a thermal conductivity sensor carrier instead of nano-alumina particles. Taking advantage of the large specific surface area and high thermal conductivity of graphene, as well as the characteristics of a large number of gas transport channels modified by carbon nanotubes, a high-efficiency gas heat exchange medium is made. In order to improve the consistency of the product, electrochemical preparation of an aluminum oxide film material is used to make the chip substrate of the thermal conductivity sensor by MEMS process technology, and the heating sensitive electrode of the sensor is made by a thick film process. Experiments show that the sensor prepared by this method has high sensitivity and zero point stability and has greatly improved the detection accuracy and response time. The sensitivity of the sensor to hydrogen detection increases to 3.287 mV/1%H2, and the response time is shorter than 5.4 s. The research results have good application prospects.
Robotized polarization characterization platform for free-space quantum communication optics
Authors: Lee Youn Seok , Mohammadi Kimia , Babcock Lindsay , Higgins Brendon L. , Podmore Hugh , Jennewein Thomas 
Published: March 2022

We develop a polarization characterization platform for optical devices in free-space quantum communications. We demonstrate an imaging polarimeter, which analyzes both incident polarization states and the angle of incidence, attached to a six-axis collaborative robot arm, enabling polarization characterization at any position and direction with consistent precision. We present a detailed description of each subsystem, including the calibration and polarization-test procedure, and analyze polarization measurement errors caused by imperfect orientations of the robot arm using a Mueller-matrix model of polarimeters at tilt incidence. We perform a proof-of-principle experiment for an angle-dependent polarization test for a commercial silver-coated mirror for which the polarization states of the reflected light can be accurately calculated. Quantitative agreement between the theory and experiment validates our methodology. We demonstrate the polarization test for a 20.3 cm lens designed for a quantum optical transmitter in Canada’s Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite mission.
Ultrafast vibrational excitation transfer on resonant antenna lattices revealed by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Cohn Bar , Sufrin Shmuel , Chuntonov Lev 
Published: March 2022

High-quality lattice resonances in arrays of infrared antennas operating in an open-cavity regime form polariton states by means of strong coupling to molecular vibrations. We studied polaritons formed by carbonyl stretching modes of (poly)methyl methacrylate on resonant antenna arrays using femtosecond 2DIR spectroscopy. At a normal incidence of excitation light, doubly degenerate antenna-lattice resonances (ALRs) form two polariton states: a lower polariton and an upper polariton. At an off-normal incidence geometry of 2DIR experiments, the ALR degeneracy is lifted and, consequently, the polariton energies are split. We spectrally resolved and tracked the time-dependent evolution of a cross-peak signal associated with the excitation of reservoir states and the unidirectional transfer of the excess energy to lower polaritons. Bi-exponential decay of the cross-peak suggests that a reversible energy exchange between the bright and dark lower polaritons occurs with a characteristic transfer time of ∼200 fs. The cross-peak signal further decays within ∼800 fs, which is consistent with the relaxation time of the carbonyl stretching vibration and with the dephasing time of the ALR. An increase in the excitation pulse intensity leads to saturation of the cross-peak amplitude and a modification of the relaxation dynamics. Using quantum-mechanical modeling, we found that the kinetic scheme that captures all the experimental observations implies that only the bright lower polariton accepts the energy from the reservoir, suggesting that transfer occurs via a mechanism involving dipole–dipole interaction. An efficient reservoir-to-polariton transfer can play an important role in developing novel room-temperature quantum optical devices in the mid-infrared wavelength region.
Efficacy of dietary quercetin supplementation with high-energy diet model in broilers: implications on zootechnical parameters, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status, patho-morphology and gene expression studies
Authors: Parmar Abhishek B. , Patel Vipul R. , Patel Jignesh M. , Ramani Umed V. , Desai Dhruv N. 
Published: March 2022

Context Currently, fat supplementation is one of the commonest strategies in poultry production for early economic return. However, it might cause various unidentified metabolic alterations in chickens. Flavonoid compound quercetin has potential to modulate oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Aim The study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary quercetin supplementation in broilers challenged with high-energy diet (HED). Methods In total, 192 days old Vencobb-400 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with four replicates (12 birds/replicate) per treatment. Four treatments included basal diet without any supplementation (T1), basal diet + quercetin (1 g/kg; T2), HED supplemented with vegetable oil [34 g/kg (2–3 weeks), 35 g/kg (4–6 weeks); T3], HED supplemented with vegetable oil [34 g/kg (2–3 weeks), 35 g/kg (4–6 weeks)] + quercetin (1 g/kg; T4) for the age of 2–3 (starter) and 4–6 (finisher) weeks. Key results Improvement was observed in the growth performance and feed conversion ratio in broilers with the dietary treatments (P ≤ 0.05). HED-supplemented group showed increased levels of metabolic stress, which was explained by the elevated concentrations of cortisol and malondialdehyde, and reduced serum/liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Moreover, lipotoxicity was found due to the accumulation of fat, and lipid peroxidation caused various injuries to the vital organs such as liver and kidney, which were manifested by histopathological findings, and also upregulated the hepatic inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in the HED group. HED in combination with quercetin attenuates the altered serum metabolic markers, lipid peroxidation with subsequent rising in endogenous enzyme activity. In addition, it exhibited lipolytic action by lysis of accumulated fat and ameliorated the pathomorphic alteration in vital organs and downregulation of hepatic IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression. Conclusions High dietary energy exhibits metabolic alteration and injuries to the vital organs. It is concluded that quercetin has potential to protect against the adverse effects induced by consumption of high-energy diet in broilers. Implications The supplementation of quercetin as an antioxidant seems to be beneficial for poultry production as an herbal feed additive for better performance, production, and health status.
Artificial nesting hollows for the conservation of Carnaby’s cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris: definitely not a case of erect and forget
Authors: Saunders Denis A. , Dawson Rick , Mawson Peter R. 
Published: March 2022

Context Loss of nest hollows in eucalypt woodlands is a major cause of decline for a range of Australian native birds including Carnaby’s cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris, resulting in fewer nest sites for this species. Provision of artificial nesting hollows for Carnaby’s cockatoo is a recent part of approved environmental offsets under Western Australian and Australian government environment approvals processes. Aims We examined the continuing utility of natural and artificial nest hollows over time at Coomallo Creek, WA. Methods Data collected included the location of natural hollows, and their rates of utility and decay. We also installed artificial hollows and measured their use over time, as well as costs associated with their installation and maintenance. Key results Both nest types require repairs on average every 3–4 years. Repairs extend the working life of natural nest hollows and ensure that any artificial nest hollows established for conservation management purposes should continue to fulfil their purpose. Our results demonstrate the importance of regular maintenance to ensure hollows remain available for breeding cockatoos. Conclusions Artificial nest hollows provide a short-term solution to a larger problem of loss of native woodlands, but will only serve that purpose if current and future artificial nest hollows are monitored and repaired on a regular basis, and that adequate funds are provided to ensure that those nest hollows remain serviceable. Implications Provision and maintenance of large numbers of artificial hollows in association with restoration/replanting of woodlands in breeding areas is the only long-term solution to loss of breeding habitat.
Interferometric sensing of a commercial geophone
Authors: Cooper S J , Collins C J , Prokhorov L , Warner J , Hoyland D , Mow-Lowry C M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a modified commercial L-4C geophone with interferometric readout that demonstrates a resolution 60 times lower than the included coil-magnet readout at low frequencies. The intended application for the modified sensor is in vibration isolation platforms that require improved performance at frequencies lower than 1 Hz. To illustrate it’s application a controls- and noise-model of an Advanced LIGO ‘HAM-ISI’ vibration isolation system was developed, and shows that our sensor can reduce the residual motion of the platforms by a factor of 70 at 0.1 Hz.