bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning to predict futile recanalization of large vessel occlusion before and after endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Lin Xinping , Zheng Xiaohan , Zhang Juan , Cui Xiaoli , Zou Daizu , Zhao Zheng , Pan Xiding , Jie Qiong , Wu Yuezhang , Qiu Runze , Zhou Junshan , Chen Nihong , Tang Li , Ge Chun , Zou Jianjun 
Published: August 2022

Background and purposeFutile recanalization occurs when the endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a technical success but fails to achieve a favorable outcome. This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop a pre-EVT model and a post-EVT model to predict the risk of futile recanalization and to provide meaningful insights to assess the prognostic factors associated with futile recanalization.MethodsConsecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing EVT at the National Advanced Stroke Center of Nanjing First Hospital (China) between April 2017 and May 2021 were analyzed. The baseline characteristics and peri-interventional characteristics were assessed using four ML algorithms. The predictive performance was evaluated by the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic and calibration curve. In addition, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach and partial dependence plot were introduced to understand the relative importance and the influence of a single feature.ResultsA total of 312 patients were included in this study. Of the four ML models that include baseline characteristics, the “Early” XGBoost had a better performance {AUC, 0.790 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.677–0.903]; Brier, 0.191}. Subsequent inclusion of peri-interventional characteristics into the “Early” XGBoost showed that the “Late” XGBoost performed better [AUC, 0.910 (95% CI, 0.837–0.984); Brier, 0.123]. NIHSS after 24 h, age, groin to recanalization, and the number of passages were the critical prognostic factors associated with futile recanalization, and the SHAP approach shows that NIHSS after 24 h ranks first in relative importance.ConclusionsThe “Early” XGBoost and the “Late” XGBoost allowed us to predict futile recanalization before and after EVT accurately. Our study suggests that including peri-interventional characteristics may lead to superior predictive performance compared to a model based on baseline characteristics only. In addition, NIHSS after 24 h was the most important prognostic factor for futile recanalization.
High frequency hearing loss may act as a screening index evaluating otolith function in vertigo patients with normal semi-circular canal function
Authors: Tian Liang , Chen Zhongchun , Wang Jinyu , Zhang Lei , Zhao Hao , Chi Fanglu , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether otolith dysfunction is related to hearing impairment in vertigo patients with normal semicircular canal function, and to clarify the types of hearing impairment that may be related to otolith organ damage.MethodsThe demographic data, pure tone threshold audiometry (PTA) results (air-conduction), data of bithermal and video-head impulse test (vHIT), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) results (reaction threshold, P1–N1 amplitude) of patients with vertigo in outpatient clinic from April 2017 to January 2020 were collected. The clinical records of 51 vertigo patients with normal semicircular canal function were included in this study. Low-frequency, speech-frequency, high-frequency, full-frequency PTA were defined as the average of PTA in different frequency bands, respectively (low: 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 kHz; speech: 0.5, 1, 2 kHz, high: 4, 8 kHz, full 0.125–8 kHz). The correlations between hearing impairment in different frequency bands and otolith function impairment were analyzed.ResultsThe mean thresholds of 51 patients (102 ears) in low-PTA, speech-PTA, high-PTA, full-PTA were 20.95 ± 6.01, 21.92 ± 6.90, 40.12 ± 17.47, 26.97 ± 8.53 dB nHL, respectively. Among 102 ears, 87 ears (85.3%) could elicit c-VEMP waveforms and 65 ears (63.7%) had o-VEMP waveforms. The mean threshold and P1–N1 amplitude of c-VEMP were 83.10 ± 6.96 dB nHL and 176.79 ± 103.10 uV, while those of o-VEMP were 87.92 ± 5.99 dB nHL and 21.45 ± 32.22 uV. The mean threshold in high-PTA was significantly linearly correlated with c-VEMP threshold (P = 0.01) and P1–N1 amplitude (P = 0.028). There were not significant linear correlations between the mean threshold in each frequency band of PTA and o-VEMP threshold (low-PTA: P = 0.266, speech-PTA: P = 0.33, high-PTA: P = 0.311) or P1–N1 amplitude (low-PTA: P = 0.414, speech-PTA: P = 0.069, high-PTA: P = 0.08).ConclusionsThere is a positive linear correlation between saccule dysfunction and high-frequency hearing impairment in vertigo patients with normal semi-circular canal function. High frequency hearing loss can be expected in patients who have saccular damage. It suggests that high frequency hearing loss in PTA may act as a screening index that otolith organ function should be comprehensively evaluated.
Weight loss improves β-cell function independently of dietary carbohydrate restriction in people with type 2 diabetes: A 6-week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thomsen Mads N. , Skytte Mads J. , Samkani Amirsalar , Astrup Arne , Fenger Mogens , Frystyk Jan , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Larsen Thomas M. , Madsbad Sten , Magkos Faidon , Rehfeld Jens F. , Haugaard Steen B. , Krarup Thure 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCarbohydrate restriction may benefit β-cell function and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) but also leads to weight loss which in itself is beneficial.MethodsIn order to determine the additional effect of carbohydrate restriction in addition to a fixed body weight loss, we randomly assigned 72 adults with T2D and obesity (mean ± SD HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.7%, BMI 33 ± 5 kg/m2) to a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet (CRHP; energy percent from carbohydrate/protein/fat: 30/30/40) or an isocaloric conventional diabetes diet (CD; 50/17/33) for 6 weeks. All foods were provided free of charge and total energy intake was tailored individually, so both groups lost 6% of baseline body weight.ResultsDespite significantly greater reductions in HbA1c (mean [95% CI] −1.9 [−3.5, −0.3] mmol/mol) after 6 weeks, the CRHP diet neither improved glucose tolerance, β-cell response to glucose, insulin sensitivity, during a 4-h oral glucose tolerance test, nor basal proinsulin secretion when compared to the CD diet, but increased C-peptide concentration and insulin secretion rate (area under the curve [AUC] and peak) significantly more (~10%, P ≤ 0.03 for all). Furthermore, compared with the CD diet, the CRHP diet borderline increased basal glucagon concentration (16 [−0.1, 34]%, P = 0.05), but decreased glucagon net AUC (−2.0 [−3.4, −0.6] mmol/L ×240 min, P &lt; 0.01), decreased basal triglyceride and total AUC (~20%, P &lt; 0.01 for both), and increased gastric inhibitory polypeptide total AUC (14%, P = 0.01).ConclusionA moderately carbohydrate-restricted diet for 6 weeks decreased HbA1c but did not improve β-cell function or glucose tolerance beyond the effects of weight loss when compared with a conventional diabetes diet in people with T2D.Clinical trials registrationwww.Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02472951.
Anxiety and depression risk in Taiwan women with breast cancer and cervical cancer
Authors: Yang Chiu-Ming , Sung Fung-Chang , Mou Chih-Hsin , Liao Chun-Hui , Wang Po-Hui , Shieh Shwn-Huey 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundStudies comparing mental disorder risks between women with breast cancer and cervical cancer are lacking. This study compared risks of developing anxiety and depression between women with breast cancer (BC cohort) and women with cervical cancer (CC cohort) using insurance claims data of Taiwan.MethodsFrom the 2000 to 2016 data, we identified a BC cohort and BC controls (N = 96,862) and a CC cohort and CC controls (N = 26,703), matched by propensity scores. Incident mental disorders and the Cox method estimated the related cancer cohort to control cohort hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by the end of 2016.ResultsCompared to the CC cohort, the BC cohort had slightly higher incident anxiety (15.9 versus 15.5 per 1,000 person-years) and depression (6.92 vs. 6.28 per 1,000 person-years). These mental disorders were higher in respective cancer cohorts than controls. The BC cohort to BC control adjusted HRs of anxiety and depression were 1.29 (95% CI = 1.25–1.33) and 1.78 (95% CI = 1.69–1.87), respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs for the CC cohort were 1.12 (95% CI = 1.06–1.18) and 1.29 (95% CI = 1.18–1.41). The combined incidence rates of both disorders were 1.4-fold greater in the BC cohort than in BC controls (22.8 vs. 15.8 per 1,000 person-years), and 1.2-fold greater in the CC cohort than in the CC controls (21.7 vs. 18.3 per 1,000 person-years).ConclusionWomen with breast cancer or cervical cancer are at an elevated likelihood of developing anxiety and depression disorders. These incident disorders are slightly higher in those with breast cancer.
Incidence and risk factors of suicide among patients with pancreatic cancer: A population-based analysis from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Ma Yifei , Lyu Jun , Yang Bao , Yan Tianao , Ma Qingyong , Wu Zheng , Wang Zheng , He Hairong 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe rate of suicide within one year after diagnosis in pancreatic cancer patients are high, but suicide studies based on the current large-scale data are still a vacancy. Our study aimed to determine, compared to the general population, the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of suicide and risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer patients committing suicide to provide clues for prevention.MethodsWe collected 199,604 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 2000 and 2018 from the SEER database. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox regression were applied to determine the risk factors independently affecting the suicide outcome of pancreatic cancer patients.ResultsA total of 180 suicide deaths were observed in the cohort, yielding an overall suicide rate of 88.05 per 100,000 person-years and an SMR of 6.43. In multivariate analyses, males (HR: 12.798, 95% CI: 7.471-21.923), unmarried (HR: 1.826, 95% CI: 1.205-2.767), and divorced, separated or widowed (HR: 1.779, 95% CI: 1.230-2.572) were found associated with a higher risk of suicide. While race black (HR: 0.250, 95% CI: 0.110-0.567), diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (HR: 0.487, 95% CI: 0.276-0.859), received chemotherapy (HR: 0.456, 95% CI: 0.323-0.646), and received surgical procedures (HR: 0.553, 95% CI: 0.342-0.895) were indicated might protective factors.ConclusionsThe 199,604 pancreatic cancer patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 had an overall suicide rate of 88.05 per 100,000 person-years and an SMR of 6.43 compared to the U.S. general population. Male, white, unmarried, and diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients were associated with a higher risk of suicide, while cancer-directed surgery and chemotherapy might indicate protective factors. The screening and prevention process should be enhanced for pancreatic cancer patients with adverse risk factors. Moreover, it is reasonable to assume that timely cancer-directed treatment might help reduce the subsequent suicide risk of pancreatic cancer patients.
Acteoside attenuates RSV-induced lung injury by suppressing necroptosis and regulating metabolism
Authors: Ling Xiaoying , Zhou Jie , Jin Tianzi , Xu Weichen , Sun Xun , Li Weifeng , Ding Yali , Liang Miaomiao , Zhu Chenbi , Zhao Peipei , Hu Chanchan , Yuan Bin , Xie Tong , Tao Jialei 
Published: August 2022

Background: Necroptosis and inflammation are closely related to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Acteoside (AC), a natural phenylpropanoid glycoside from Kuding Tea, has significant anti-RSV effect. However, the roles of AC on RSV-induced lung necroptosis and inflammation are yet to be elucidated.Methods: The effects of AC were investigated in BALB/c mice and A549 cells. Lung histopathology was observed through H&amp;E staining. The viral titer was assessed via plaque assay. The RSV-F expression was determined by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assay. The levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The necroptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated via flow cytometry. The expressions of HMGB1/NF-κB and RIP1/RIP3/MLKL/PGAM5/DRP1 were detected by western blot. Additionally, untargeted metabolomics was conducted to investigate the metabolic profiles and related metabolic pathways via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Results: The results showed that compared with the RSV-infected group, AC treatment significantly attenuated lung pathological damage, virus replication, and cytokines levels. AC also alleviated RSV-induced necroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, AC treatment down-regulated the expression of HMGB1, p-Iκbα/Iκbα, p-p65/p65, RIP1, RIP3, MLKL, PGAM5, and DRP1. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses suggested that the perturbations in major metabolites of AC therapy were related to variations in amino acid and energy metabolism.Conclusion: Our findings validated the beneficial effects of AC in suppressing necroptosis and regulating metabolism, suggesting AC may be a new drug candidate for RSV infection.
Dapagliflozin protects against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in db/db mice
Authors: Qiao Panshuang , Jia Yingli , Ma Ang , He Jinzhao , Shao Chen , Li Xiaowei , Wang Shuyuan , Yang Baoxue , Zhou Hong 
Published: August 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most common liver disease, is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Although there is no consensus on the treatment of NAFLD, growing evidence suggests that tight glycemic control would contribute to the improvement of NAFLD. However, some insulin sensitizers cannot improve NAFLD, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Whether insulin-independent hypoglycemic drug dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, may improve NAFLD keeps unclear. Therefore, 12-week-old male C57BL/6 wild-type and db/db mice were treated with 1 mg/kg dapagliflozin or vehicle for 12 weeks. Dapagliflozin alleviated NASH, manifesting as decreased alanine aminotransferase and NAFLD activity score in db/db mice. Also, dapagliflozin reduced de novo lipogenesis by the upregulation of FXR/SHP and downregulation of LXRα/SREBP-1c in the liver of db/db mice. Moreover, dapagliflozin treatment reduced inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and alleviated fibrosis by restoring the balance between fibrogenesis and fibrolysis in the liver of db/db mice. In summary, dapagliflozin alleviates NASH mostly by reducing lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. These findings provide new insights for understanding the protective effect of dapagliflozin in NASH and suggest that dapagliflozin may be used to treat NASH.
Dexmedetomidine alleviates olfactory cognitive dysfunction by promoting neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rats
Authors: Chen Andi , Chen Xiaohui , Deng Jianhui , Wei Jianjie , Qian Haitao , Huang Yongxin , Wu Shuyan , Gao Fei , Gong Cansheng , Liao Yanling , Zheng Xiaochun 
Published: August 2022

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of neurological dysfunction in neonates. Olfactory cognitive function is important for feeding, the ability to detect hazardous situations and social relationships. However, only a few studies have investigated olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonates with HIBD; furthermore, the specific mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated. It has been reported that neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) is linked to olfactory cognitive function. Recently, dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to provide neuroprotection in neonates following HIBD. In the present study, we investigated whether DEX could improve olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats following HIBD and attempted to determine the underlying mechanisms.Methods: We induced HIBD in rats using the Rice–Vannucci model, and DEX (25 μg/kg, i.p.) was administered immediately after the induction of HIBD. Next, we used triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the Zea-longa score to assess the success of modelling. The levels of BDNF, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect microglial activation and microglial M1/M2 polarization as well as to evaluate the extent of neurogenesis in the SVZ. To evaluate the olfactory cognitive function, the rats in each group were raised until post-natal days 28–35; then, we performed the buried food test and the olfactory memory test.Results: Analysis showed that HIBD induced significant brain infarction, neurological deficits, and olfactory cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that DEX treatment significantly improved olfactory cognitive dysfunction in rat pups with HIBD. DEX treatment also increased the number of newly formed neuroblasts (BrdU/DCX) and neurons (BrdU/NeuN) in the SVZ by increasing the expression of BDNF in rat pups with HIBD. Furthermore, analysis showed that the neurogenic effects of DEX were possibly related to the inhibition of inflammation and the promotion of M1 to M2 conversion in the microglia.Conclusion: Based on the present findings, DEX treatment could improve olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats with HIBD by promoting neurogenesis in the SVZ and enhancing the expression of BDNF in the microglia. It was possible associated that DEX inhibited neuroinflammation and promoted M1 to M2 conversion in the microglia.
Prospects for Neutron Reactions on Excited States in High-Density Plasmas
Authors: Thompson Ian J. 
Published: August 2022

With the reactions of high flux neutrons, such as in a DT plasma, there is a prospect of seeing new kinds of neutron-nucleus reactions for the first time. If neutrons excite a heavy nucleus, for example, there is possibility of a second neutron reacting on excited states of the residual nucleus before that nucleus has de-excited to its ground state. The possibility of such reactions on excited states has rarely been considered. The cross section for neutron induced fission on the isomeric state of 235U has been measured (D’Eer et al., Phys. Rev. C, 1988, 38: 1270–1276) and calculated (Younes et al., 2003, Maslov, 2007), and reactions on rotationally excited nuclear states has been calculated (Kawano et al., Phys. Rev. C, 2009, 80: 024611). In high flux plasmas, however, a much wider range of reactions is possible. We therefore need to consider excited states at much higher-energies than previously modeled, and then estimate whether second neutrons are likely to rescatter on those excited states. To determine the likelihood of such rescattering events, we first need to know the probable time series of nuclear decays of those excited states. The lifetimes of many low-lying states have been measured experimentally, but now we need to know the lifetimes of the many higher excited states that could be produced from incident 14 MeV neutrons. These are too numerous to be measured and also too numerous to be calculated individually, so statistical Hauser-Feshbach decay models are used. I show some lifetime calculations for 89Y, 169Tm, and 197Au targets, and predictions for the number of rescattering events in plausible plasma scenarios.
Letrozole cotreatment with progestin-primed ovarian stimulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF treatment
Authors: Liu Yali , Lin Jiaying , Chen Li , Mao Xiaoyan , Wang Li , Chen Qiuju , Yu Sha , Kuang Yanping 
Published: August 2022

Background: Progestin is an alternative to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues in the follicular phase to suppress the premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) is always accompanied by increased pituitary suppression and gonadotropin consumption. Previous studies suggested that letrozole appeared to have the potential to reduce the total gonadotropin dose required for ovarian stimulation. A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of PPOS with or without letrozole in infertile women with PCOS.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 448 women with PCOS who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (n = 224) or hMG and MPA cotreatment with LE (n = 224) from January 2018 to March 2021 after propensity-score matching. The primary outcome measure was the hMG dose. The secondary outcomes were the durations of ovarian stimulation, the implantation rate, the number of oocytes retrieved and viable embryos, oocyte maturity and fertilization rates, the percentage of women with profound pituitary suppression (luteinizing hormone [LH] &lt;1.0 IU/L on the trigger day).Results: The hMG doses (1949.89 ± 725.03 IU vs 2017.41 ± 653.32 IU,p &gt; 0.05) and durations of ovarian stimulation (9.03 ± 1.79 days vs 9.21 ± 2.18 days,p &gt; 0.05) were similar between the two groups. The implantation rate was significantly higher in the study group (MPA + hMG + LE) than in the control group (MPA + hMG) (42.22 vs 34.69%, p &lt; 0.05). The numbers of oocytes and embryos retrieved were similar between the two groups. Interestingly, letrozole cotreatment was associated with decreased oocyte maturity and fertilization rates in comparison with standard PPOS protocols even though mature and fertilized oocyte yields were comparable. Compared with those in the control group, the LH values on the trigger day were significantly higher in the study group, together with significantly reduced pituitary suppression.Conclusion: Letrozole combined with PPOS cannot reduce hMG consumption in PCOS patients undergoing IVF treatment and shows no beneficial effect on cycle characteristics of COS. However, letrozole supplementation manifests as a superior implantation rate to that of the standard PPOS protocol in women with PCOS.