bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuevos datos del género Parhelophilus Girschner, 1897 de España, incluidos los primeros registros de P. crococoronatus Reemer, 2000 (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Van Steenis‍ Jeroen , Ricarte Antonio , Van Steenis Wouter 
Published: March 2022

El sírfido Parhelophilus crococoronatus Reemer, 2000 (Syrphidae: Eristalinae) estaba registrado de Francia y Portugal. En este trabajo, se documenta, por primera vez, de España. En la provincia de Murcia, el hábitat donde esta especie se ha capturado es el Embalse de la Risca, constituido por valles forestales arbolados recientemente inundados, con matorrales en descomposición y árboles muertos, donde viven las larvas acuáticas de Parhelophilus. Este hábitat ha desaparecido por inundación, por lo que la presencia actual en esta ubicación de P. crococoronatus requiere de confirmación. En la provincia de Granada, P. crococoronatus se recolectó en un humedal natural dominado por Phragmites, mientras que, en Huelva, fue recolectado en un área de marismas con árboles y vegetación baja. Los presentes hallazgos muestran que, aunque el hábitat de P. crococoronatus haya desaparecido en Murcia, la especie está más extendida en España. Se proporcionan registros adicionales de Parhelophilus versicolor (Fabricius, 1794) y Parhelophilus frutetorum (Fabricius, 1775).
Chapitre 2. L’Épigravettien : variabilité diachronique et géographique
Authors: Tomasso Antonin 
Published: March 2022

L’Épigravettien est une entité particulière au sein de la mosaïque du Paléolithique supérieur récent européen. Cet ensemble de traditions techniques s’étend entre 24 000 et 11 000 cal. BP sur une grande partie de l’Europe méditerranéenne et orientale. Depuis sa définition en 1964 par G. Laplace à partir des sites italiens, le terme a été adopté et étendu vers l’est en même temps qu’un certain flou s’installait sur sa définition et sa périodisation. Le principal écueil rencontré par les recherches actuelles reste la faiblesse du cadre chrono-stratigraphique. La proposition initiale de G. Laplace et ses aménagements postérieurs ont été critiqués et partiellement abandonnés mais, pendant longtemps, aucune proposition aboutie n’est venue la remplacer. Ce chapitre propose une présentation synthétique de l’état des recherches et surtout de la dynamique nouvelle, liée aux approches technologiques des industries lithiques, qui aboutit à l’émergence progressive d’une nouvelle sériation chronologique. Nous insistons tout particulièrement sur une proposition de redéfinition techno-économique de la limite entre Épigravettien ancien et Épigravettien récent (les deux grandes étapes déjà établies) et nous proposons de la dater autour de 16 000 cal. BP au lieu de 18 000 cal. BP, limite arbitraire communément admise et calquée sur le début du Dryas ancien. Nous revenons également sur la question du découpage géographique de l’Épigravettien. La tendance à un fort morcellement régional s’exprime de manière particulièrement évidente dans les Abruzzes où le terme de Bertonien devait pour certains auteurs être préféré à l’Épigravettien et où une « culture » régionale aurait perduré tout au long de la séquence épigravettienne. Nous défendons l’idée que seule une relecture des assemblages selon une approche techno-économique permettra de rediscuter des facteurs de variabilité (chronologiques, fonctionnels, régionaux, etc.) et que les hypothèses « régionalistes », privilégiées jusqu’ici, doivent être considérées avec un œil critique.
A Novel Approach to Promote Evidence-Based Development of District Maternal and Newborn Health Plans in Two States in India
Authors: Kumar Harish , Sarin Enisha , Alwadhi Vaishali , Chaurasia Shailesh Kumar , Martolia Kuldeep Singh , Mohanty Jaya Swarup , Bisht Nitin , Joshi Naresh Chandra , Saboth Prasant Kumar , Gupta Sachin 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Maternal and child health implementation plan development in districts of India lacks systematic process and capacity resulting in suboptimal health improvements. There is ineffective and limited participation and lack of autonomy to effect changes in district priorities.

Objectives:
Primary objective was to demonstrate a systematic planning approach to develop evidence-based district implementation plans for mothers and children.

Methods:
A planning tool named RAASTA (RMNCH + A Action Agenda using Strategic Approach for evidence-based district work plans) adapted from WHO (World Health Organization) program review tools was used in the states of Uttarakhand and Jharkhand. The tool was implemented in the two states for the development of implementation plans in a 6-step process by prioritizing district health goals; reviewing maternal, neonatal, child, and family planning intervention coverage; and linking them with activity implementation status; assessing strengths, and weaknesses of previous implementation plans and developing solutions based on current gaps in intervention coverage's.

Results:
Tool was used for capacity building of 59 participants and also identification of prioritized activities based on their available data. Several newer activities were identified. The districts mainstreamed them as action plans, many of which were incorporated in the state Program Implementation Plan for budgetary provisions under state NHM (National Health Mission) funds.

Conclusion:
The use of a tool facilitated the systematic development of evidence-based district implementation plans.
Effectiveness of After-School Physical Activity Intervention on Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference/Height Ratio among Overweight Adolescents in Selected Schools at Puducherry, India
Authors: Ponnambalam Sumathy , Palanisamy Soundararajan , Singaravelu Rajeswari , Janardhanan Hemamalini Arambakkam 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has dramatically increased in the recent years. In India, more than 10% of schoolchildren are overweight or obese. Schools play a major role in the modification of behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of after-school physical activity intervention on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference/height ratio as primary outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was adopted where the schools were randomized. Each group, i.e., study and control groups, had 140 overweight adolescents. BMI and waist circumference/height ratio were measured. After-school physical activity intervention was carried out for a period of 9 months by the study group. The posttests were carried out at an interval of 3 months up till 9 months.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference in BMI between the study and control groups during the 6th and 9th months (t = 1.256, P < 0.001 and t = 0.920, P < 0.001), respectively. The repeated measures analysis of variance did not show a significant reduction in BMI and waist circumference/height ratio over a period of time.

Conclusion:
School-based physical activity interventions are effective in prevention of childhood overweight/obesity and are a very cost-effective measure that can be easily implemented in schools.
Smokeless Tobacco Exposure and Fetal Iron Status
Authors: Rao Swathi Sunil , Agadi Rutuja , Shetty Sukanya , Rao Raghavendra , Shenoy Rathika D. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
To compare the cord serum ferritin and fetal iron status in newborns with and without maternal occupational smokeless tobacco exposure and determine the influencing factors.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included mother–infant dyads with occupational tobacco exposure (exposed) and an unexposed group. Umbilical cord serum ferritin was compared in both groups. Fetal nicotine absorption was established by cord cotinine.

Results:
A total of 140 newborns each were analyzed in each group. There was no significant mean difference (MD) (P = 0.900) between the cord serum ferritin in the tobacco exposed and unexposed group. Fetal nicotine absorption was seen in 43.6% of the exposed group. Cord serum ferritin was 14.1 μg/L (95% confidence interval [(95% CI:-43.1, 14.9); P=0.338] lower in this group compared with the group without fetal nicotine absorption. A higher adjusted MD for ferritin was present for maternal hypertension (12.5 [95% CI: −75.5, 100.5]; P = 0.777) and gestational diabetes mellitus (21.4 [95% CI: −54.0, 96.9]; P = 0.571) in the group with fetal nicotine absorption. Fetal nicotine absorption exaggerated fetal iron depletion in maternal anemia [aOR 4.8 (95%CI: 1.2, 19.0); P=0.025].

Conclusion:
Cord serum ferritin and fetal iron status were comparable in tobacco exposed and unexposed groups. In those with fetal nicotine absorption, cord ferritin levels reflect the fetal inflammatory state.
Perinatal Mortality and its Causes in a Rural Block in Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Authors: Cherian Anne George , Tryphena Cherryl , George Kuryan , Abraham Vinod Joseph , Mohan Venkata Raghava , Prasad Jasmine Helan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Globally, over 130 million babies are born every year, and almost 8 million die before their first birthday. Data on perinatal mortality (PM) and its various causes are lacking in many parts of the world including India.

Objectives:
This study aimed to estimate stillbirth (SB), early neonatal, and PM rates and its causes over the last decade in a rural development block, India.

Materials and Methods:
This is a nonconcurrent cohort study, analyzing the births, SBs, and early neonatal deaths between January 2008 and December 2017. The World Health Organization-PM classification was used to allocate causes of death as well as maternal risk factors. Birth weights were classified using standard growth charts.

Results:
There were 20,704 births after 28 weeks gestation and where the fetus weighed more than 1000 g of which 285 were SBs. There were 20,419 live births with 229 early neonatal deaths. There was a significant decline in PM rate from 32 per 1000 to 11 per 1000. There was a decrease in the small for gestational age fetuses from 20% to 12.5%. The main cause for SBs was antepartum hypoxia (34.4%) and fetal growth disorders (26.3%). Complications of intrapartum events contributed to 32.8% of the early neonatal deaths.

Conclusion:
Steady decline in PM rate and in the number of small for gestational age fetuses over 10 years was seen. Pregnancy registration and follow-up help in giving us a better understanding of the causes of PM.
Prevalence and Determinants of Depression among Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB cases registered under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program in Ahmedabad City
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Bakshi Harsh , Prajapati Shailesh , Bhatt Gneyaa S. , Mehta Rajesh , Rami Kiran C. , Mehta Prakash , Shah Tejas , Dave Roshni , Peerzada Azba 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) increases the risk of depression, lowers treatment compliance leading to poor outcomes.

Objectives:
To (1) document the prevalence of depression among MDR-TB cases registered at tuberculosis units (TUs) of Ahmedabad city and (2) assess determinants of depression.

Methodology:
Adult MDR-TB patients registered at all (23) TUs of Ahmedabad city, were studied using semi-structured questionnaire along with Gujarati translated version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) to assess the severity of depression based on 17 items. The sample size at 95% level of significance, was 251. Probability proportional to size sampling was adopted for selecting participants from each of the 23 TUs. Proportions and odds ratio with confidence interval with probability value were calculated.

Results:
Of 251, only 185 (73.7%) cases could be contacted. Mortality proportion among selected cases was 18.7%. More than one-fifth (22%) had ≥1 comorbidity and 9.7% had another active TB case in the family. 161 (87.1) experienced ≥1 adverse event. Financial, social, or psychological stressors were reported by 22% of cases. Based on the HAM-D scale, 16.2% suffered from depression, determinants of depression by univariate analysis showed significant association with recent family issues, discrimination, financial/other troubling issues, and the presence of adverse drug event.

Conclusion:
MDR-TB cases are more vulnerable for developing depression as the prevalence was 16.2% among them. Hence, cases need to be monitored closely for depression at TU as well at community level.
Prevalence and Predictors of Physical Inactivity among Adults – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Goel Naveen Krishan , Kaur Ravneet , Khosla Navroz , Shekam Mohit 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Physical inactivity is detrimental to health. It is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases.

Aim and Objective:
The aim of this study was to find the prevalence and predictors of physical inactivity among adults.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 374 adults aged 20–50 years. Trained field investigators administered the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Epi Info software for Windows. Logistic regression model was used to study the factors associated with physical inactivity.

Results:
The prevalence of physical inactivity among the study participants was 52.1%. Females (OR=1.9[1.2-3.1]), literate individuals (OR = 1.8 [1.04–3.2]), and current tobacco users (OR = 2.2 [1.8–4.1]) were significantly more physically inactive; as compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions:
Nearly half of the study participants were physically inactive, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. This highlights the need for strengthening the existing interventions for promoting physical activity among adults.
Development of the Hair Cells of the Human Cochlea
Authors: Mishra Sabita , Roy Tarasankar , Saini Shubhi 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
In the mammalian auditory system, the cochlea is the first to attain structural and functional maturity. Although ultrastructural details of the developing cochlea of lower animals have been elucidated in the last few decades, comprehensive studies on human cochlea are lacking.

Materials and Methods:
In the present investigation we studied the development and maturation of the hair cells of ten human fetal cochlea from gestational weeks (GW) 12 to 37 by scanning electron microscopy.

Result:
We observed undifferentiated hair cells possessing numerous surface projections and long kinocilium during GW 14. At GW16, the primitive hair cells were arranged in one inner and four outer rows and had globular apices indicating the initiation of stereocilia formation. By GW 22, the globular apices were replaced by linear stereocilia and occasional kinocillia. Mature hair cells with sterocilia were observed in the basal turn at 30th week of gestation. At GW 37, the stereocilia were arranged in a typical “V” shaped pattern at the middle and apical coil, while the stereocilia of the basal turn were shorter in length resembling the adult cochlea. The inner hair cells were long and slender while outer hair cells were pear shaped, kinocilium were absent and the tunnel of Corti were well formed.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that in human, the morphological maturation of the hair cells starts in the basal turn around GW 22 and continues till 37th week in the apical turn indicating that early maturation of the cochlea may have a role on development of the higher auditory pathway connections.
Evaluation of Stigma among Patients Reporting to a Tertiary Care Psychiatric Center
Authors: Davis Supriya , Gupta Nishtha , Samudra Madhura , Dhamija Sana , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Stigma toward mental illness is a pervasive concern that impacts the way psychiatric disorders are perceived.

Aim:
This study was aimed to evaluate the stigma experienced by patients visiting a psychiatric care facility and the associated factors contributing to the development of stigma.

Methodology:
150 patients presenting to Psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care centre were screened using Mini international neuropsychiatric interview questionnaire to segregate patients into various psychiatric groups. These patients were further assessed for the degree of stigma utilizing the Stigma scale and Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness-10.

Results:
60.7% of the participants reported facing discrimination, which was highest in those with mania. 67.3% patients preferred not to disclose their illness, especially those with psychotic disorders. Eighty-six percent did not expect any positive results from their illness, most of them with psychotic disorders. 68.7% of the patients experienced total stigma, highest in mania. Sixty-four percent experienced high internalized stigma mostly in mania. Stigma was irrespective of age, sex, education, employment, and family type.

Conclusion:
A large segment of participants in the study sample claimed to have suffered from stigma, i.e., they faced discrimination, preferred not to reveal information about their illness, denied any positive outcomes from their illness, and endured self-stigma owing to their illness. Patients with mania faced the most discrimination, total stigma, and internalized stigma whereas disclosure and positive aspects were mostly in psychotic disorders. High levels of stigma observed are a barrier to availing mental health-care facilities.
SOCS-1 1478 CA/del gene polymorphism affects survival in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Ayyildiz T , Dolar E , Oral B , Erturk B , Haktanir AE , Adim SB , Yerci O 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a prototype molecule of the SOCS family. Alterations in the SOCS1 expression have been reported in human cancers and some studies suggest that SOCS1 might act as a tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association of SOCS1 promoter -1478CA/del gene polymorphism detected in DNA isolated from the tissues of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) for histopathological characteristics and survival.

Patients and Methods:
For the study, we retrospectively enrolled 53 patients with resected colon due to CRC and 23 control subjects with no systemic illness. SOCS1- 1478CA/del gene polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology. These results were evaluated in relation to histopathological features and survival results and analyzed statistically. A P value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Neither control subjects nor the CRC group showed a significant association with SOCS1 -1478CA/del gene polymorphism (p = 0.248). SOCS1 -1478CA/del gene polymorphism was not significantly associated with histopathological features either. However, in the overall survival (OS) analysis, those patients with the del/del allele were found to have a 3.9-fold greater risk of mortality compared to those with CA/CA allele (p = 0.05). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also significantly different in such patients (p = 0.05).

Conclusion:
The present study examining the association of SOCS1 -1478CA/del gene polymorphism with CRC showed that CRC patients with del/del allele had both significantly shorter PFS and OS versus those with CA/CA or CA/del allele.
Effects of C-factor on dentin bonding using various adhesive systems
Authors: Yoshikawa T , Arakawa M 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
This study evaluated the effect of C-factor on the bond strength of a resin composite to floor and wall dentin using various adhesive systems.

Materials and Methods:
Four dentin substrates (flat wall, flat floor, cavity wall, or cavity floor) were prepared on human molars. Each specimen was restored with one of three adhesives; Clearfil SE Bond, Single Bond, or Clearfil tri-S Bond followed by buildup or filling using Z100 resin composite. The specimen was cut perpendicular to the bonded surface parallel to the floor or wall to obtain beams after light curing at 24,000 mJ/cm2. The microtensile bond strength to wall specimens or the cavity floor was determined. Data were analyzed.

Results:
All adhesive systems exhibited the highest bond strength to flat wall group (p < 0.05). The bond strength to the cavity group was significantly lower than that to the respective flat group regardless of the bonding system (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bond strength with Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil tri-S Bond between the cavity wall and cavity floor (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The findings suggested that the strength of bonding to the cavity floor and cavity wall was affected by C-factor regardless of the adhesive system. Bonding to flat wall was higher than flat floor regardless of the adhesive system. Self-etching system provided uniform bond to the cavity wall and cavity floor dentin. However, total etching system reduced bond to the cavity floor than to the cavity wall.
Association of frontal and maxillary bone fractures and concomitant craniocerebral injuries in patients presenting with head trauma
Authors: Kubat G Orhan , Şahin C , Özen Ö 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Maxillofacial fractures and craniocerebral injuries are common in patients with head trauma. These are injuries with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, patients with head trauma should be evaluated early with a multidisciplinary approach.

Aim:
The association between frontal and maxillary bone fractures and concurrent craniocerebral injuries were investigated in patients presenting with head trauma in this study. The data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively.

Methods and Material:
Age and gender distributions were evaluated in frontal and maxillary fractures. Concomitant craniocerebral injuries were investigated. Craniocerebral injuries were grouped as pneumocephalus, extra-axial, intra-axial injuries and brain edema. Craniocerebral injuries in frontal and maxillary fractures were compared statistically.

Results:
Frontal bone and maxillary bone fractures were detected in 24% and 95% of the patients. Coexistence of pneumocephalus and intra-axial injuries in frontal bone fracture was statistically significant. The association of frontal posterior wall fractures with pneumocephalus and parenchymal contusion was found to be statistically significant. In addition, the association of craniocerebral injuries were evaluated and statistically significant ones were determined.

Conclusion:
The presence of maxillofacial fractures in patients presenting with head trauma increases mortality and morbidity. Craniocerebral injuries can be life-threatening and delay the treatment of facial fractures. Upper facial bone fractures are significantly more common in craniocerebral injuries.