bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 2 Ameliorates Post-Traumatic Stress–Induced Alcohol Intake Disorder by Regulating cAMP/cGMP Signaling
Authors: Pan Xiaoyu , Chen Ling , Shan Chunyan , Cai Lisha , Wang Yue , Chen Yue , Gu Ming , Liu Kaiping , Li Pihong , Pan Jianchun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the prevalent psychiatric disorder that induces alcohol use disorders (AUD) such as abnormal alcohol intake and anxiety. However, little is known about whether phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2)-cAMP/cGMP signaling is involved in PTSD-induced AUD.MethodsThe present study used single-prolonged stress (SPS) to mimic PTSD that induced increases in ethanol intake and preference (2-bottle choice test) and anxiety-like behavior (elevated-plus maze test and novelty suppressed feeding test). PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 (Bay) was administered to the mice and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 and PKG inhibitor KT5823 were micro-injected into dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and central amygdala (CA) of mice to determine whether the effects of Bay on anxiety-like behavior in SPS mice are brain region dependent.ResultsPDE2 inhibitor Bay rescued SPS-induced decreases in open arm entries and open arm time exposure in elevated-plus maze test and reversed increased latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test. Moreover, SPS-induced ethanol use disorder was reversed by Bay as evidenced by decreased ethanol intake and preference without changing total fluid intake in the SPS mice after treatment with Bay. However, Bay did not change the ethanol metabolism or sucrose or quinine intake and preference. The locomotor activity was not affected after treatment with Bay. Interestingly, microinjection of PKA or PKG inhibitor H89 or KT5823 into DLS prevented the effects of Bay on alcohol intake and preference and cAMP-response element binding proteins phosphorylation and brain derived neurotrophic factor expression in DLS but not on the anxiety-like behavior in SPS mice. Microinjection of these inhibitors into CA prevented Bay-induced anxiolytic-like effects and cAMP-response element binding proteins phosphorylation and brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in CA but did not affect ethanol intake in SPS mice, indicating that the effects of Bay on different behaviors are brain region dependent.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that PDE2-cAMP/cGMP signaling may differentially mediate PTSD-induced AUD and anxiety-like behavior.
Livestock Asset Dynamics Amongst Pastoralists in Northern Kenya
Authors: Mburu Samuel , Kaiser Micha , Sousa-Poza Alfonso 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding household-level asset dynamics has important implications for designing relevant poverty reduction policies. To advance this understanding, we develop a microeconomic model to analyse the impact of a shock (e.g., a drought) on the behavioural decisions of pastoralists in Northern Kenya. Using household panel data, this study then explores the livestock asset dynamics using both non-parametric and semi-parametric techniques to establish the shape of the asset accumulation path and to determine whether multiple equilibria exist. More specifically, using tropical livestock units as a measure of livestock accumulation over time, we show not only that these assets converge to a single equilibrium but also that forage availability and herd diversity play a major role in such livestock accumulation.
Improved Performance of the Reference Casein Control Group in AOAC Official MethodSM 960.48 (Protein Efficiency Ratio, Rat Bioassay) for Determining the Biological Quality of Protein in Infant Formula
Authors: Hoskin Jeanne M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
AOAC Official MethodSM960.48 is the official method for ensuring the biological quality of protein in infant formulas after adjusting for differences in N, fat, ash, moisture, crude fiber, fat content, and carbohydrate type.

Objective
To improve the performance of the control diet group.

Method
The control diet in Study 1 was matched to the infant formula test diet. Both control diets in Study 2 used the AOAC mineral mixture; one had added cystine.

Results
In Study 1, deficient growth in control rats led to poor PER results. In Study 2, growth was adequate but cystine addition reduced meaningful differences between casein and infant formula protein.

Conclusions
Sulfate salts in the method’s mineral mixture may substitute in part for the deficient organic sulfur content in casein.

Highlights
The findings confirm the need to follow the AOAC Method 960.48 and FDA recommendations, and to make other changes only if, after evaluation, nonprotein differences could affect growth.
Improving the 3D facies model with the seismic-derived log volumes: a case study from the Asmari Formation in the Hendijan Field, southwest Iran
Authors: Abdolahi Aziz , Chehrazi Ali , Rahimpour-Bonab Hossain , Kadkhodaie Ali , Seyedali Seyedmohsen , Rao Ying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The prolific Oligocene-Miocene Asmari Formation is the primary reservoir rock hosting important hydrocarbon resources in Iran and consists of fluvial/deltaic siliciclastic and shallow marine carbonate rocks in the Hendijan Field. Due to the significant facies variability of the formation, the presence and quality of the reservoir pose a significant uncertainty in the characterization of the reservoir. This study compares two facies models, one based on well logs only and the second based on estimated facies volumes as a secondary variable in facies modelling. The petrophysical evaluation with microscopic thin sections and electrofacies analysis were used to classify the facies and determine the reservoir quality. As a result, the Ghar Member was identified as a highly porous interval, while the lower part of the Asmari Formation is characterized by tight facies. A sequential Gaussian simulation (SIS) algorithm was used to build the 3D facies model on the basis of the well logs. Acoustic impedance, shear impedance and density (derived from pre-stack inversion) were used as inputs to an artificial neural network to generate acoustic and density log volumes. Using electrofacies cut-offs, facies volume was constructed and used as a secondary variable to improve the initial facies model. The final facies model was compared with the blind well to check the validity of the prediction and satisfactory results were obtained. Since the values are present in all the cells of the reservoir (the traditional facies model only has values for the well location), the estimated facies volume is an accurate variable in the prediction of the facies model for the Asmari reservoir and for this reason the secondary facies model is more reliable than the primary one.
Seepage visualization and detection of diaphragm wall leakage with electrical potential method: an experimental investigation
Authors: He Junzuo , Liao Shaoming , Liu Menbo , Li Zewen , Zhao Guoqiang , Tu Junfei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Attributed to the opacity of soil and rock mass, seepage visualization is a thorny problem in the model test around diaphragm wall leakage, which has played an increasingly significant role in deep excavation engineering recently. Enlightened by the geoelectrical field response method, the electrical potential method was proposed in this study. By means of a model experiment, the applicability of the proposed method was verified and approaches for evaluating the seepage characteristics were discussed. Based on the analyses, several conclusions could be drawn: (i) based on the electrical potential method, a circuit is established by connecting the power supplier, the ground and several monitoring electrodes and voltmeters. When the seepage passes through a certain electrode, the increase of voltage can be observed so that the seepage flow can be visualized. (ii) The effectiveness of the electrical potential method is validated by the excellent agreement between photos of practical seepage flow and the nephograms depicted on the basis of the voltages measured on the electrodes. (iii) The time history curve of the measured voltage is S-shaped and composed of a small ladder rising stage, a sharp increasing stage and a convergence stage. The seepage flow velocity, inhomogeneity and the leakage point location can be evaluated by the time cost between the two major rise beginning points, the time cost for the major rise process and the maximum measured voltage, respectively. The proposed method can provide valuable support to the diaphragm wall leakage model test and other seepage experiments.
Pest Quest: A Game of Strategy, Uncertainty, and Sticky Traps
Authors: Helmberger Maxwell S , Lampasona Timothy P , Lorenz Amanda R , Grieshop Matthew J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Educational games are employed to teach a variety of scientific skills and concepts. We evaluated Pest Quest, a co-operative tabletop game designed to teach about Integrated Pest Management. In it, students worked together to protect a farm from insect pests by scouting and making sound treatment decisions. We gave students in an introductory, nonmajors entomology course assessments of their Integrated Pest Management knowledge and attitudes toward agriculture before and after playing a digital port of the game. We also administered a postgame survey to gauge students’ opinions and feelings about the game. Pest Quest proved engaging and accessible, with students enjoying the game and having the impression it helped them learn. However, this conclusion was not captured in our assessments. We provide access to physical and digital versions of Pest Quest and suggestions for more effective implementation in entomology and agriculture classrooms.
Distinct chemical resistance-inducing stimuli result in common transcriptional, metabolic, and nematode community signatures in rice root and rhizosphere
Authors: Desmedt Willem , Kudjordjie Enoch Narh , Chavan Satish Namdeo , Desmet Sandrien , Nicolaisen Mogens , Vanholme Bartel , Vestergård Mette , Kyndt Tina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInduced resistance (IR), a phenotypic state induced by an exogenous stimulus and characterized by enhanced resistance to future (a)biotic challenge, is an important component of plant immunity. Numerous IR-inducing stimuli have been described in various plant species, but relatively little is known about ‘core’ systemic responses shared by these distinct IR stimuli and the effects of IR on plant-associated microbiota. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa) leaves were treated with four distinct IR stimuli (β-aminobutyric acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl, dehydroascorbic acid, and piperonylic acid) capable of inducing systemic IR against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola and evaluated their effect on the root transcriptome and exudome, and root-associated nematode communities. Our results reveal shared transcriptional responses—notably induction of jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism—and shared alterations to the exudome that include increased amino acid, benzoate, and fatty acid exudation. In rice plants grown in soil from a rice field, IR stimuli significantly affected the composition of rhizosphere nematode communities 3 d after treatment, but by 14 d after treatment these changes had largely reverted. Notably, IR stimuli did not reduce nematode diversity, which suggests that IR might offer a sustainable option for managing plant-parasitic nematodes.
Comparison of RhD Typing Results by Serology and Molecular Methods
Authors: Gammon Richard R , Conceicao Michelle , Benitez Nancy , Bright Frieda , Counts Kelley , Resto Claribel , Rexer Karl 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveMolecular testing determines D antigen status when abnormal serologic results are observed. Molecular testing is routinely batched, resulting in longer turnaround time for abnormal D status resolution. During the interim, obstetric patients with questionable/uninterpretable and weak D typing results by serology, per the immunohematology reference laboratory (IRL) policy, will receive RhD negative blood. This study aimed to determine whether serology results achieved a concordance.MethodsSix hospitals provided samples to the IRL (first IRL) for RhD status by DNA. De-identified samples were sent for serology RhD (second IRL). A concordance of ≥80% was acceptable.ResultsForty-nine samples were evaluated. Results were concordant (65.3% [32/49]) and discordant (34.7% [17/49]). This is significantly lower than clinically acceptable 80% (z = 2.57, P &lt; .05). The turnaround-time was 3.0 hours for serology and 4.4 days for molecular evaluation.ConclusionDue to a low concordance, serology could not be used in place of molecular testing.
Usefulness of Genetic Aberration and Shorter Telomere Length in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Park Hee Sue , Son Bo Ra , Kwon Jihyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of genetic aberration and shorter telomere length (TL) in individuals with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).MethodsA targeted sequencing panel with 49 genes and TL measurement by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed for 46 subjects.ResultsAccording to the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) subtypes, the mutation frequency was 33.3%, 57.9%, and 100% in the very low/low, intermediate, and very high/high risk groups, respectively. A shorter telomere was detected in 43.5%. We defined group 1 as IPSS-R-high or -very high risk, group 2 as having 1 or more genetic aberrations, group 3 as having a shorter TL, and group 4 as having a longer TL than the age-matched reference. Group 1 and group 2 showed an adverse prognosis. The TL was not strongly correlated with MDS prognosis. However, it may be related to a poor long-term prognosis.ConclusionGenetic variation and shorter TL may be helpful in reclassifying non–high-risk groups.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Laboratory Professionals’ Clinical Education: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Phillips Heather L , Latchem Shelley R , Crutcher Theresa , Catalano Timothy A , Jator Eleanor K 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 48-question survey was developed and disseminated to laboratory professionals. This survey sought the perspective of clinical educators on a variety of topics, including two open-ended questions on the impact COVID-19 had on student clinical rotations and the ensuing policy changes. Of 207 clinical sites that participated in the survey., Some terminated student clinical rotations without offering any other training alternative. Others employed a number of strategies such as shortening the length of clinical rotations, taking fewer students, transitioning to an online learning platform, or delaying training until a future date. Some mandated regular illness checks, symptom checks, and COVID-19 testing when available. Clinical educators expressed concern over the lack of continuity of student clinical training, policy changes related to COVID-19 and student training that were deemed to diminish the quality of the students’ clinical education. With terminated, delayed or shortened clinical rotations at many sites, in combination with staff and supply shortages, clinical educators were concerned about the overall quality of clinical education the students were receiving. In addition to these concerns, the reduction of student graduates during the pandemic decreased the number of applicants for job vacancies exasperating a pre-pandemic problem.
P110 AIRE gene mutation predisposing chronic mucocutaneous Candidiasis in two kids from a Chinese family
Authors: Ma Yubo , Wang Xiaowen , Li Ruoyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM

Objectives
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by chronic recurrent skin, nails, and mucosal superficial Candida infections. Various gene mutations have been reported to predispose individuals to CMC and its related syndrome. This study aims to study the clinical features and the genetic background underlying two kids of CMC from a Chinese family.

Methods
Clinical and laboratory findings of the two patients were studied, including physical examination, direct microscopic examination, and fungal culture. Genomic DNA of all family members was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed.

Results
A 2-year-old boy and his sister were admitted to the hospital due to recurrent thrush and thickening of their nails. Direct microscopic examination of their nails and the brother's tongue showed branched pseudohyphae and yeast cells, and Candida albicans was identified through fungal culture. The brother also experienced a progressively impaired vision, which was diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa, causing no light perception in one eye and light perception up to 0.1 in the other. Their parents belonged to the Hui population (a minority population in China) and had a history of consanguineous marriage. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) was diagnosed, and oral fluconazole was prescribed. After continuous fluconazole treatment for 6 months, the nails and the tongue became normal. These patients are still under follow-up.
Due to the recurrent Candida infections and history of consanguineous marriage, genetic susceptibility was suspected. When we compared the WES data with all genes reported to be related to CMC, a homozygous mutation in the AIRE gene was noted (C. 769 C &gt;T, p. Arg257Ter) in both patients. The parents were heterozygous carriers of the variant.

Conclusion
In this study, we identified two CMC patients of Chinese harboring AIRE mutations. These patients remind us the importance of genetic analysis in management of CMC, which then help to adjust the time of treatment, as well as to predict and early detect related complications.
P119 Dysregulated IL-23R and CD25 T cells in post -COVID-19 Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis patients
Authors: Rai Gargi , Das Shukla , Singh Praveen Kumar , Ansari Mohammad Ahmad , Gupta Neelima , Sharma Sonal , Rawat Kanchan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM

Objectives
To study the IL-23R (Th17) and CD25+ (Treg) in CD4 + T cell populations in rhino-orbital mucormycosis post-COVID-19 patients and in healthy controls.

Methods
The study included 20 cases of mucormycosis and 20 healthy controls. Nasal crust, collected post-surgery was subjected to KOH/culture for mycological identification. Venous blood sample (3 ml) was collected in EDTA vials from cases and controls and stained with different monoclonal antibodies such as CD3, CD4, CD25, and IL-23R for analyzing the expression of Th17 and Treg cells by flow cytometry. The assays were performed at the time of enrolment of patients and repeat blood samples were taken from each patient for staining 3 months later after treatment prescribed by Otorhinolaryngologists. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software and the P-value ≤ .05 considered as significant. All the data are expressed as the mean ± SD.

Results
All the cases were found positive by KOH and confirmed for Rhizopus arrhizus by culture.
The flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of CD4 + IL-23R+ (Th17) cells was significantly high in patient before treatment compared to healthy controls and found to be lower post 3 months of antifungal treatment. The percentage positivity of CD4 + CD25+ (Tregs) cells was decreased in patients (before treatment) as compared to controls and after treatment groups. The percentage positivity of CD4 + CD25 + cells was significantly increased in patients after treatment.

Conclusion
We observed a noticeable immune imbalance, with elevated CD4 + IL-23R Th17 and diminished CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells. The findings imminently indicate the mechanism of immune dysregulation involving Th17 and Treg pathways in mucormycosis and provide evidence that restoration of Th17/Treg may be considered as a therapeutic option for long-term benefit. Recovery of CD4 + CD25 + T cells after treatment indicated a favorable phenotype outcome.
P139 Candida : An important partner in polymicrobial colonization on indwelling medical devices
Authors: Joshi Purvi , Danu Pooja , Gajjar Devarshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM
Indwelling medical devices are of routine use in hospitals for patient care but they lead to the colonization of microbes on their surface making the patient vulnerable to device-related infections (DRI). Biofilms formed due to the growth of microbes are the most common cause of device-related infections.

Objectives
To isolate, identify and study the microbial colonization of indwelling medical devices (urinary catheters and central venous catheters).
To quantify the biofilm formed by the isolates.

Method
In the present study, microflora was isolated from urinary catheters (n = 28) and central venous catheters (n = 25) that were catheterized in ICU patients. Quantification of biofilm was done by Crystal violet assay.

Results
Among 28 urinary catheters, 14 catheters had polymicrobial colonisation (n = 10 mixed bacterial and fungal colonization, n = 3 polybacterial, and n = 1 polyfungal), 10 catheters were observed to have mono-species colonization (n = 6 fungal, n = 4 bacterial), while 4 catheters did not show any colonization. Whereas among 25 central venous catheters, only 3 catheters showed mono-bacterial colonization and 2 catheters showed mono-fungal growth and 20 catheters did not show any colonization. A total of 46 isolates were obtained from all urinary and central venous catheters, out of which Candida spp. was found to be highest in number with n = 13 and 30% of total isolates obtained (the Fig. 1 shows the distribution of microflora obtained). The interesting observation in the study is that Candida spp. is found to have multi-species colonization with bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecium, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) as well as fungal isolates (Trichosporon asahii). Quantification of biofilm formed by these isolates was carried out by crystal violet assay and it was observed that 35.6% isolates formed strong biofilm of which Candida spp. was a major contributor. It was also observed that Candida spp. was always the stronger biofilm forming partner in mixed species biofilms.

Conclusion
It was concluded that majority of colonization on indwelling medical devices are polymicrobial and Candida spp. appears as an important partner in polymicrobial colonization. Among all obtained isolates maximum were strong biofilm forming of which Candida spp. were the major contributors.
P168 Metastatic mo ld infections after COVID-19: the mo ld time -bomb
Authors: Soman Rajeev , Chakraborty Sourabh , Joe Geethu , Purandare Bharat , Panchakshari Shweta , Patwardhan Sampada 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM

Objective
COVID-19-positive patients are at risk of invasive mold infection. The portal of entry is presumably the lungs, but infection may disseminate to involve other organs as described in this case series.

Patients and Methods
Patients who presented with de novo mold infection (6 proven and 1 probable) involving kidney, spine, eye, knee joint, subcutaneous tissue within 10-180 days of COVID-19 infection were included in this series (Table 1).

Conclusion
These cases suggest that metastatic infection by molds involving various organs could result from a presumed primary source in the lungs. However, the precise connection between pulmonary and metastatic infection is difficult to establish.
COVID-19 patients should be carefully followed for such metastatic mold infections which need proper diagnosis and management.