bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent types used for the preparation of hydrogels determine their mechanical properties and influence cell viability through gelatine and calcium ions release
Authors: Rosińska Karolina , Bartniak Mateusz , Wierzbicka Adrianna , Sobczyk‐Guzenda Anna , Bociaga Dorota 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlginate‐gelatin hydrogels are the most commonly used materials for 3D bioprinting. Their printability depends on their properties, and these derive from the way they are prepared and their very composition. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the type of solvent (deionized water, phosphate buffer, and culture medium) and contents of gelatin in the composition of hydrogel (2% wt/vol alginate, 6% and 9% wt/vol of gelatin) on their biological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, as well as printability and the ability of cells to proliferate in the printed structures. The results obtained revealed that all the manufactured hydrogel materials are biocompatible. The use of deionized water as a solvent results in the highest degree of cross‐linking of hydrogels, thus obtaining a polymer with the highest rigidity. Moreover, an increase in gelatin content leads to an increase in the Young's modulus value, irrespectively of the solvent in which the hydrogels were prepared. Based on the chemical structure, it is more reasonable to use a culture medium for bioink preparation due to free NH and NH2 groups being present, which are ligands for cell attachment and their proliferation. For the selected material (2A9GM), the printability and high viability of the cells after printing were confirmed. In this case, the concentration of the cross‐linking agent influences gelatin amount release and calcium ions release, and these two processes determine the change in the viability of the cells encapsulated in the bioink.
Denosumab for Prevention of Acute Onset Immobilization-Induced Alterations of Bone Turnover: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wadiura Lisa Irina , Butylina Maria , Reinprecht Andrea , Aretin Marie-Bernadette , Mischkulnig Mario , Gleiss Andreas , Pietschmann Peter , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Metabolic bone disease is a devastating condition in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). We investigated the effects of early administration of the antiresorptive drug denosumab on bone metabolism in previously healthy patients. Fourteen patients with severe intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage were included in a phase 2 trial. Within 72 hours after ICU admission, they were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive denosumab 60 mg or placebo subcutaneously. The primary endpoint was group differences in the percentage change of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) levels in serum from denosumab/placebo application to 4 weeks thereafter. Changes in serum levels of bone formation markers and urinary calcium excretion were secondary outcome parameters. Regarding serum levels of CTX-1, changes over time averaged −0.45 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.72, −0.18) for the denosumab group and 0.29 ng/mL (95% CI −0.01, 0.58) for the placebo group. The primary endpoint, the group difference in changes between baseline and secondary measurement, adjusted for baseline serum levels and baseline neurological status, averaged −0.74 ng/mL (95% CI −1.14, −0.34; p = 0.002). The group difference in changes between baseline and secondary osteocalcin measurement averaged −5.60 ng/mL (95% CI −11.2, −0.04; p = 0.049). The group difference in averaged change between baseline and secondary measurement of 24-hour urine calcium excretion was significant (−1.77 mmol/L [95% CI −3.48, −0.06; p = 0.044]). No adverse events could be attributed to the study medication. The investigation proved that a single application of denosumab early after admission to an ICU prevents acute immobilization-associated increase in bone resorption among previously healthy individuals. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Exposure of aluminium to C6 glioma cells modulates molecular and functional neurotoxic markers
Authors: Dey Mangaldeep , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe risk of aluminium exposure to humans is very high as it may get into the human body through excessive dietary contaminants, inhalation of fine particulate matter, or through parenteral routes as a vaccine adjuvant and so forth. The increased level of aluminium in brain tissue has been shown to be associated with several neurodegenerative and neurotoxic adverse effects, including AD. However, the exact mechanism of aluminium‐induced neurotoxicity is still unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects through in vitro exposure of aluminium in rat glioma C6 cell line. The findings of our study have indicated that aluminium chloride exposure may lead to alteration in acetylcholine levels, increased oxidative imbalance and induction of molecular structural and functional markers of neuronal inflammation. This study also demonstrated that aluminium exposure may lead to the induction of caspase‐3 along with apoptotic cell death and a significant increase in amyloid‐beta and hyperphosphorylated tau levels in C6 cells. Thus, this study may provide a mechanistic understanding of the regulation of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers due to aluminium exposure.
Serious disease risk among patients with unexpected weight loss: a matched cohort of over 70 000 primary care presentations
Authors: Withrow Diana R. , Oke Jason , Friedemann Smith Claire , Hobbs Richard , Nicholson Brian D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnexpected weight loss (UWL) in patients consulting in primary care presents dilemmas for management because of the broad differential diagnoses associated with UWL. Research on the risks of serious disease among patients with UWL to date has largely taken place in secondary care, limiting generalizability to primary care patients. In this study, we use a large matched cohort study to estimate the risks of 12 serious diseases among patients presenting to primary care with UWL where this was recorded, stratified by age and sex, in order to inform a rational clinical approach to patients presenting with UWL.MethodsThis was a retrospective matched cohort study using electronic health records (EHRs) from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Each patient with UWL (ascertained from EHR coding) was matched to five patients without UWL and followed until the earliest of a diagnosis of the serious disease, date of death, exit from the CPRD database, or end of the study. Observed absolute risks of the 12 serious diseases were estimated as probabilities, and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2012, 70 193 patients in CPRD had at least one record of UWL and were matched with 295 579 patients without UWL. Patients with UWL had significantly higher risk of nearly all serious diseases examined compared with patients without. HRs ranged from 1.43 for congestive heart failure [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–1.62] to 9.70 for malabsorption (95% CI: 6.81–13.82). The absolute risks of any given serious disease were relatively low (<6% after 1 year). The magnitude and rank order of absolute risks varied by age and sex. Depression was the most common diagnosis among women aged <80 with UWL (3.74% of women aged <60 and 2.46% of women aged 60–79), whereas diabetes was the most common in men <60 with UWL (2.96%) and cancer was the most common in men aged 60 and over with UWL (3.79% of men aged 60–70 and 5.28% of men aged ≥80).ConclusionsThis analysis provides new evidence to patients and clinicians about the risks of serious disease among patients presenting with UWL in primary care. Depending on age and sex, the results suggest that workup for UWL should include screening for diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, depression, and dementia. If performed in a timely manner, this workup could be used to triage patients eligible for cancer pathway referral.
Effect of cerium on the production of reactive oxygen species in the root of Arabidopsis thaliana: An in vitro study
Authors: Lyu Keliang , Lyu Zhiwen , Zhang Xinran , Hao Donghao , Yang Zhonghuang , Liu Yumeng , Liu Dongwu , Wang Xue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the current study, the effect of trivalent cerium (Ce3+) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated in the root of Arabidopsis thaliana by an in vitro study. The roots of A. thaliana were exposed with 0, 1, and 5 μmol/L Ce3+ for 12 h in vitro. It was found that the level of H2O2, O2.−, and ·OH was enhanced by 5 μmol/L Ce3+, but reduced by 1 μmol/L Ce3+. The activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) were enhanced by 1 μmol/L Ce3+, but reduced by 5 μmol/L Ce3+. Moreover, we used a laser‐scanning confocal microscopy to detect the changes of ROS in the root cells of A. thaliana by using a fluorochrome 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF‐DA). It showed that the level of ROS was declined in the root cells treated by 1 μmol/L Ce3+, but the oscillation of ROS was found in the root cells treated with 5 μmol/L Ce3+. In addition, REEs affect the uptake of mineral elements, which may be related to the oxidative stress in the cells of roots. In all, the data of our study indicated that the appropriate concentration of Ce3+ exhibited an anti‐oxidation property and improved the defense system in the root cells of A. thaliana.
The effects of an online decision aid to support the reproductive decision‐making process of genetically at risk couples—A pilot study
Authors: Severijns Yil , Heijmans Maartje W. F. , de Die‐Smulders Christine E. M. , Bijlsma Emilia K. , Corsten‐Janssen Nicole , Joosten Sara J. R. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Lichtenbelt Klaske D. , Ottenheim Cecile P. E. , Stuurman Kyra E. , Tan‐Sindhunata Gita M. B. , de Vries Hein , van Osch Liesbeth A. D. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCouples at risk of transmitting a genetic disease to their offspring may experience doubts about their reproductive options. This study examines the effects of an online decision aid (DA) on the (joint) reproductive decision‐making process of couples (not pregnant at time of inclusion) at risk of transmitting a genetic disease to their offspring. The primary outcome is decisional conflict, and secondary outcomes are knowledge, realistic expectations, deliberation, joint informed decision‐making, and decisional self‐efficacy. These outcomes were measured with a pretest–posttest design: before use (T0), after use (T1), and 2 weeks after use (T2) of the decision aid (DA). Usability of the DA was assessed at T1. Paired sample t‐tests were used to compute differences between baseline and subsequent measurements. The comparisons of T0‐T1 and T0‐T2 indicate a significant reduction in mean decisional conflict scores with stronger effects for participants with high baseline decisional conflict scores. Furthermore, use of the DA led to increased knowledge, improved realistic expectations, and increased levels of deliberation, with higher increase in participants with low baseline scores. Decision self‐efficacy only improved for participants with lower baseline scores. Participants indicated that the information in the DA was comprehensible and clearly organized. These first results indicate that this online DA is an appropriate tool to support couples at risk of transmitting a genetic disease and a desire to have (a) child(ren) in their reproductive decision‐making process.
Skin cancer in essential thrombocythaemia and polycythaemia vera patients treated with hydroxycarbamide
Authors: Mathur Abhinav , Edman Joakim , Liang Livia , Scott Neil W. , Watson Henry G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydroxycarbamide (HC) is used as a cytoreductive treatment in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Observational studies have raised the possibility that HC contributes to the development of secondary malignancies, including skin tumours in MPN patients. In this retrospective observational study, we report a single‐centre experience of 324 HC‐treated MPN patients with long‐term follow‐up, compared to 47 MPN patients not on HC. Thirty‐three patients (10.2%) (HC) versus one patient (2.1%) (no HC) developed skin tumours during follow‐up (Hazard ratios [HR] 5.70, 95% confidence intervals 0.66–48.09, p = 0.112). However, male gender, age at MPN diagnosis, type of MPN (polycythaemia rubra vera) and previous history of skin cancer were prognostic variables associated with development of skin cancer.
A new aberrantly spliced BCR‐ABL1 transcript variant (e13a1) identified in routine monitoring using different quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Naumann Nicole , Bross‐Bach Ulrike , Seifarth Wolfgang , Fabarius Alice , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Saußele Susanne , Spiess Birgit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) of BCR‐ABL1 transcript level is an essential part of routine disease monitoring in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. One patient sample (e13a2 transcript detected by nested PCR) attracted attention by revealing an aberrantly spliced BCR‐ABL1 transcript variant e13a1. The last 38 base pairs (bp) of BCR exon 13 were replaced by a 37 bp insertion of the ABL1 intron 1–2/exon 1 sequence. The rare aberrant BCR‐ABL1 fusion transcript can cause discrepancies in molecular diagnostics. This scenario highlights the importance of an individual characterization of the BCR‐ABL1 fusion sequence in case of unclear qRT‐PCR results.
Protein profiling by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) in classical hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL‐variant
Authors: Hoff Fieke W. , Griffen Ti'ara L. , Qiu Yihua , Kornblau Steven M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClassical hairy cell leukemia (HCL‐c) and HCL variant (HCL‐v) are recognized as separate entities with HCL‐v having significantly shorter overall survival. Proteomic studies, shown to be prognostic in various forms of leukemia, have not been performed in HCL. We performed reverse phase protein array‐based protein profiling with 384 antibodies in HCL‐c (n = 12), HCL‐v (n = 4), and normal B‐cells (n = 5) samples. While HCL could be distinguished from normal based on unsupervised hierarchical clustering, overlap in protein expression patterns was seen between HCL‐c and HCL‐v, with ∼10% of the proteins being differentially expressed, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.
Exploring the impact of population density on journey‐to‐crime in cases of stranger sexual assault and stranger homicide
Authors: Almond Louise , McManus Michelle , Hankey Natasha , Trevett Naomi , Mee Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to further understanding of how environmental factors impact on the distance an offender travels from their home to their crime scene ‐ the so called ‘journey‐to‐crime’ (JTC.). Currently, Geographic Profilers rely on relatively generic JTC research to form inferences about the likely distance travelled by an offender, and may be missing the opportunity to make a more bespoke assessment which takes these factors into account. 1186 cases of female stranger sexual assault (Study 1) and 124 cases of stranger homicide (Study 2) were analysed. Euclidean measurement of distance was provided from the offender's recorded home to 3 crime site locations: (1) the initial contact with victim, (2) the assault/murder, and (3) the victim release/body disposal. Each crime site location was coded according to: (a) population density and (b) urban or rural. Initial analysis examined the median distance travelled from an offender's residence to the three different crime site locations. Significant findings for stranger sexual assaults indicated that the initial contact location was significantly further from an offender's residence compared to the sexual assault and victim release location. This was not replicated for stranger homicide offences. Both sexual assault and homicide cases revealed that the distance travelled to the ‘initial approach’ location did not differ according to population density, or whether the location was urban or rural. Regarding ‘sexual assault’ locations, offenders were found to travel significantly further from their home to attack their victim in low population density and rural areas. Results showed that both sexual assault and homicide offenders travelled significantly further from their home to the ‘victim release/body disposal’ site in low population density areas and rural areas. These findings have important, practical applications for investigations, allowing Geographic Profilers to provide more bespoke inferences about an offender's journey to crime.
Synthesis of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives and investigation of their dual AChE and MAO‐B inhibitor effects
Authors: Uytun Ayşe Nur , Osmaniye Derya , Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Levent Serkan , Ozkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, 15 thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized. Analysis of the obtained compounds was performed by means of 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) spectroscopic methods. The inhibition effect of the obtained compounds on cholinesterase and monoaminoxidase (MAO) enzymes were investigated with in vitro methods. None of the compounds showed significant activity on the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. On the other hand, compounds 3b, 3c, 3e, 3k, 3l, 3m, 3n and 3o displayed significant activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) while compounds 3f, 3i, 3k, 3l, 3m, 3n, 3o also showed remarkable effects on monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B) enzymes. For the selected compounds, docking studies were performed and the enzyme active site and binding modes were determined. It was revealed that the strongest interaction with AChE and MAO‐B enzyme active sites was observed with the compound 3k. Another important factor in the treatment of diseases affecting the central nervous system such as Alzheimer's is the ability of the compounds to cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, the agents planned for the treatment of these diseases must also pass the blood‐brain barrier. Therefore, in silico BBB penetration properties of active compounds were investigated.
Simultaneous Acquisition of Diffusion Tensor and Dynamic Diffusion MRI
Authors: Gangolli Mihika , Wang Wen‐Tung , Gai Neville D. , Pham Dzung L. , Butman John A. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundDynamic diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (ddMRI) metrics can assess transient microstructural alterations in tissue diffusivity but requires additional scan time hindering its clinical application.PurposeTo determine whether a diffusion gradient table can simultaneously acquire data to estimate dynamic and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSeven healthy subjects, 39 epilepsy patients (15 female, 31 male, age ± 15).Field Strength/SequenceTwo‐dimensional diffusion MRI (b = 1000 s/mm2) at a field strength of 3 T. Sessions in healthy subjects—standard ddMRI (30 directions), standard DTI (15 and 30 directions), and nested cubes scans (15 and 30 directions). Sessions in epilepsy patients—two 30 direction (standard ddMRI, 10 nested cubes) or two 15 direction scans (standard DTI, 5 nested cubes).AssessmentFifteen direction DTI was repeated twice for within‐session test–retest measurements in healthy subjects. Bland–Altman analysis computed bias and limits of agreement for DTI metrics using test–retest scans and standard 15 direction vs. 5 nested cubes scans. Intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis compared tensor metrics between 15 direction DTI scans (standard vs. 5 nested cubes) and the coefficients of variation (CoV) of trace and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between 30 direction ddMRI scans (standard vs. 10 nested cubes).Statistical TestsBland–Altman and ICC analysis using a P‐value of 0.05 for statistical significance.ResultsCorrelations of mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were strong and significant in gray (ICC > 0.95) and white matter (ICC > 0.95) between standard vs. nested cubes DTI acquisitions. Correlation of white matter fractional anisotropy was also strong (ICC > 0.95) and significant. ICCs of the CoV of dynamic ADC measured using repeated cubes and nested cubes acquisitions were modest (ICC >0.60), but significant in gray matter.ConclusionA nested cubes diffusion gradient table produces tensor‐based and dynamic diffusion measurements in a single acquisition.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Key mutations on spike protein altering ACE2 receptor utilization and potentially expanding host range of emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Wang Qiong , Ye Sheng‐Bao , Zhou Zhi‐Jian , Li Jin‐Yan , Lv Ji‐Zhou , Hu Bodan , Yuan Shuofeng , Qiu Ye , Ge Xing‐Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence supports inter‐species transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants from humans to domestic or wild animals during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, which is posing great challenges to epidemic control. Clarifying the host range of emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants will provide instructive information for the containment of viral spillover. The spike protein (S) of SARS‐CoV‐2 is the key determinant of receptor utilization, and therefore amino acid mutations on S will probably alter viral host range. Here, to evaluate the impact of S mutations, we tested 27 pseudoviruses of SARS‐CoV‐2 carrying different spike mutants by infecting Hela cells expressing different angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) orthologs from 20 animals. Of these 27 pseudoviruses, 20 bear single mutation and the other 7 were cloned from emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, including D614G, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Lambda (B.1.429), and Mu (B.1.621). Using pseudoviral reporter assay, we identified that the substitutions of T478I and N501Y enabled the pseudovirus to utilize chicken ACE2, indicating potential infectivity to avian species. Furthermore, the S mutants of real SARS‐CoV‐2 variants comprising N501Y showed significantly acquired abilities to infect cells expressing mouse ACE2, indicating a critical role of N501Y in expanding SARS‐CoV‐2 host range. In addition, A262S and T478I significantly enhanced the utilization of various mammal ACE2. In summary, our results indicated that T478I and N501Y substitutions were two S mutations important for receptor adaption of SARS‐CoV‐2, potentially contributing to the spillover of the virus to many other animal hosts. Therefore, more attention should be paid to SARS‐CoV‐2 variants with these two mutations.