bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalization of NPM1 mutant transcript to the wild‐type transcript
Authors: Jennings Lawrence J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent guidelines recommend that Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients with NPM1 mutations should be monitored for measurable residual disease by quantifying the transcripts and normalizing them to ABL1 transcripts. In this short report, a simple and highly accurate method to quantify the NPM1 mutant transcript normalized to the wild‐type NPM1 transcript is presented. The percent mutant transcript correlates very well to the corresponding mutant allele frequency as determined by DNA‐based methods allowing direct comparison of investigational studies that use RNA‐based or DNA‐based methods for monitoring NPM1 mutations.
Long peripheral catheters in children: A scoping review
Authors: Burek Alina G. , Liljestrom Tracey , Dundon Melanie , Shaughnessy Erin E. , Suelzer Elizabeth , Ullman Amanda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLong peripheral catheters (LPCs) are emerging vascular access devices used for short‐medium term vascular access needs. Literature in adults suggests LPCs have longer dwell‐times than peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) and lower rates of serious complications than peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). The role of LPCs in children is less established. The objective of this scoping review is to describe and synthesize the existing literature on the effectiveness and safety of LPCs in children.MethodsThis review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. Searches were done in MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, CINAHL (Ebsco), and Google Scholar most recently on February 22, 2022. Studies were included if published in English on or after 2000 and included patients <18 years of age.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included. The body of literature is variable in quality, measurements, and reported outcomes. Median dwell‐time ranged from 5 to 14 days. The rate of completion of therapy ranged from 20% to 86%. Dislodgement, occlusion, and infiltration were the most common complications reported (0%–31%). Venous thromboembolism rates ranged from 0% to 13%. The rate of catheter‐related bloodstream infection was 0% in 9 of 10 studies. Less than 50% of studies reported comparative outcomes.ConclusionLPCs show promising outcomes in select populations, with longer dwell‐time than PIVs and possibly lower rates of serious complications than PICCs. However, more research is needed to clarify the optimal use of LPCs in pediatrics.
Independent Component and Graph Theory Analyses Reveal Normalized Brain Networks on Resting‐State Functional MRI After Working Memory Training in People With HIV
Authors: Jia Chunying , Long Qunfang , Ernst Thomas , Shang Yuanqi , Chang Linda , Adali Tülay 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCognitive training may partially reverse cognitive deficits in people with HIV (PWH). Previous functional MRI (fMRI) studies demonstrate that working memory training (WMT) alters brain activity during working memory tasks, but its effects on resting brain network organization remain unknown.PurposeTo test whether WMT affects PWH brain functional connectivity in resting‐state fMRI (rsfMRI).Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 53 PWH (ages 50.7 ± 1.5 years, two women) and 53 HIV‐seronegative controls (SN, ages 49.5 ± 1.6 years, six women).Field Strength/SequenceAxial single‐shot gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging at 3.0 T was performed at baseline (TL1), at 1‐month (TL2), and at 6‐months (TL3), after WMT.AssessmentAll participants had rsfMRI and clinical assessments (including neuropsychological tests) at TL1 before randomization to Cogmed WMT (adaptive training, n = 58: 28 PWH, 30 SN; nonadaptive training, n = 48: 25 PWH, 23 SN), 25 sessions over 5–8 weeks. All assessments were repeated at TL2 and at TL3. The functional connectivity estimated by independent component analysis (ICA) or graph theory (GT) metrics (eigenvector centrality, etc.) for different link densities (LDs) were compared between PWH and SN groups at TL1 and TL2.Statistical TestsTwo‐way analyses of variance (ANOVA) on GT metrics and two‐sample t‐tests on FC or GT metrics were performed. Cognitive (eg memory) measures were correlated with eigenvector centrality (eCent) using Pearson's correlations. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction.ResultsThe ventral default mode network (vDMN) eCent differed between PWH and SN groups at TL1 but not at TL2 (P = 0.28). In PWH, vDMN eCent changes significantly correlated with changes in the memory ability in PWH (r = −0.62 at LD = 50%) and vDMN eCent before training significantly correlated with memory performance changes (r = 0.53 at LD = 50%).Data ConclusionICA and GT analyses showed that adaptive WMT normalized graph properties of the vDMN in PWH.Evidence Level1Technical Efficacy1
Impact of intravenous fish oil on omega‐3 fatty acids and their derived lipid metabolites in patients with parenteral nutrition
Authors: Weylandt Karsten H. , Karber Mirjam , Xiao Yanan , Zhang Ingrid W. , Pevny Sophie , Blüthner Elisabeth , von Schacky Clemens , Rothe Michael , Schunck Wolf H. , Pape Ulrich F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) can lead to intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD). Omega‐3 (n‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were shown to prevent IFALD. EPA‐derived and DHA‐derived oxylipins could contribute to this protective effect.MethodsWe analyzed the effect of parenteral fish oil on oxylipins in patients with chronic intestinal failure receiving PN (n = 8). Patients first received no fish oil for 8 weeks and then switched to PN with 25% of fat as fish oil for another 8 weeks. Fatty acid profiles of red blood cells, PUFA‐derived oxylipins generated by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathways, inflammatory markers, and liver function were assessed before and during fish‐oil PN.ResultsEPA plus DHA in erythrocytes (the Omega‐3 Index) was high with a median of 11.96% at baseline and decreased to 9.57% without fish oil in PN. Addition of fish oil in PN increased the median Omega‐3‐Index to 12.75%. EPA‐derived and DHA‐derived CYP‐dependent and LOX‐dependent metabolites increased significantly with fish oil in PN, with less pronounced changes in arachidonic acid and its oxylipins. There were no significant changes of inflammation and liver function parameters.ConclusionsThis study shows that fish oil–containing PN leads to primarily CYP‐ and LOX‐dependent n‐3 PUFA–derived inflammation‐dampening oxylipins arising from EPA and DHA. Within this short (16‐week) study, there were no significant changes in inflammation and clinical readout parameters.
PHLPP1 deficiency protects against age‐related intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Zhang Changli , Joseph Katherine M. , Khan Nazir M. , Diaz‐Hernandez Martha Elena , Drissi Hicham , Illien‐Junger Svenja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is strongly associated with low back pain and is highly prevalent in the elderly population. Hallmarks of IVD degeneration include cell loss and extracellular matrix degradation. The PH domain leucine‐rich‐repeats protein phosphatase (PHLPP1) is highly expressed in diseased cartilaginous tissues where it is linked to extracellular matrix degradation. This study explored the ability of PHLPP1 deficiency to protect against age‐related spontaneous IVD degeneration.MethodsLumbar IVDs of global Phlpp1 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice were collected at 5 months (young) and 20 months (aged). Picrosirius red–alcian blue staining (PR‐AB) was performed to examine IVD structure and histological score. The expression of aggrecan, ADAMTS5, KRT19, FOXO1 and FOXO3 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Human nucleus pulposus (NP) samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with IVD degeneration. PHLPP1 knockdown in human degenerated NP cells was conducted using small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. The expression of PHLPP1 regulated downstream targets was analyzed via immunoblot and real time quantitative PCR.ResultsHistological analysis showed that Phlpp1 KO decreased the prevalence and severity of age‐related IVD degeneration. The deficiency of PHLPP1 promoted the increased expression of NP phenotypic marker KRT19, aggrecan and FOXO1, and decreased levels of ADMATS5 and cell apoptosis in the NP of aged mice. In degenerated human NP cells, PHLPP1 knockdown induced FOXO1 protein levels while FOXO1 inhibition offset the beneficial effects of PHLPP1 knockdown on KRT19 gene and protein expression.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that Phlpp1 deficiency protected against NP phenotypic changes, extracellular matrix degradation, and cell apoptosis in the process of IVD degeneration, probably through FOXO1 activation, making PHLPP1 a promising therapeutic target for treating IVD degeneration.
Impact of Genetic Testing on Hearing Interventions
Authors: Brodie Kara D. , Liao Elizabeth N. , Florentine Michelle M. , Chan Dylan K. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveClinical guidelines recommend genetic testing when evaluating congenital and late‐onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Genetic diagnoses can provide parents additional information regarding anticipated hearing loss progression, comorbid conditions, and family planning. Additionally, obtaining a genetic diagnosis may increase parental acceptance of hearing loss and subsequent pursuit of intervention. This study evaluates the association between genetic diagnoses and hearing loss intervention.MethodsWe included children ages 0–18 years with SNHL who were hearing aid or cochlear implant candidates but non‐users and underwent hearing‐loss gene panel testing prior to initiating intervention. Univariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of hearing aid fitting or cochlear implantation. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated the impact of demographic and clinical factors on subsequent intervention.ResultsOf the 385 children with SNHL who underwent hearing loss gene panel testing, 111 were included. Median age was 7.5 years. 56% were underrepresented minorities, 71% were non‐White, and 71% were publicly insured. Those found to have a genetic diagnosis were 4.6 times as likely to subsequently undergo intervention (p = 0.035). Additionally, bilateral hearing loss and earlier age of genetic testing were associated with increased likelihood of intervention.ConclusionUp to half of children with SNHL are suspected to have an underlying genetic etiology. Children diagnosed with a genetic diagnosis are significantly more likely to subsequently utilize hearing aids or cochlear implantation. This provides additional support for clinical guidelines recommending genetic testing not only due to the impact of prognostication but also on treatment decision‐making.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1982–1986, 2023
Systemic whitefly‐induced metabolic responses in newly developed distal leaves of husk tomato plants (Physalis philadelphica) impairs whiteflies development
Authors: Meza‐Canales Iván David , Trujillo‐Pahua Verónica , Vargas‐Ponce Ofelia , Ramírez‐Romero Ricardo , Montero‐Vargas Josaphat Miguel , Ordaz‐Ortiz José J. , Winkler Robert , Délano‐Frier John Paul , Sánchez‐Hernández Carla Vanessa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetabolic reconfiguration in plants is a hallmark response to insect herbivory that occurs in the attack site and systemically in undamaged tissues. Metabolomic systemic responses can occur rapidly while the herbivore is still present and may persist in newly developed tissue to counterattack future herbivore attacks. This study analyzed the metabolic profile of local and newly developed distal (systemic) leaves of husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica) plants after whiteflyTrialeurodes vaporarioruminfestation. In addition, the effect of these metabolomic adjustments on whitefly oviposition and development was evaluated.RESULTSOur results indicate thatT. vaporarioruminfestation induced significant changes in husk tomato metabolic profiles, not only locally in infested leaves, but also systemically in distal leaves that developed after infestation. The distinctive metabolic profile produced in newly developed leaves affected whitefly nymphal development but did not affect female oviposition, suggesting that changes driven by whitefly herbivory persist in the young leaves that developed after the infestation event to avoid future herbivore attacks.CONCLUSIONSThis report contributes to further understanding the plant responses to sucking insects by describing the metabolic reconfiguration in newly developed, undamaged systemic leaf tissues of husk tomato plants after whitefly infestation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease: a tool for early detection
Authors: Parikh Raj , Konstantinidis Ippokratis , O'Sullivan David M. , Farber Harrison W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) complicates the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients resulting in poor functional status and worse outcomes. Early recognition of PH in ILD is important for initiating therapy and considering lung transplantation. However, no standard exists regarding which patients to screen for PH‐ILD or the optimal method to do so. The aim of this study was to create a risk assessment tool that could reliably predict PH in ILD patients. We developed a PH‐ILD Detection tool that incorporated history, exam, 6‐min walk distance, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, chest imaging, and cardiac biomarkers to create an eight‐component score. This tool was analyzed retrospectively in 154 ILD patients where each patient was given a score ranging from 0 to 12. The sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) of the PH‐ILD Detection tool and an area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) were calculated. In this cohort, 74 patients (48.1%) had PH‐ILD. A score of ≥6 on the PH‐ILD Detection tool was associated with a diagnosis of PH‐ILD (SN: 86.5%; SP: 86.3%; area‐under‐the‐curve: 0.920, p < 0.001). The PH‐ILD Detection tool provides high SN and SP for detecting PH in ILD patients. With confirmation in larger cohorts, this tool could improve the diagnosis of PH in ILD and may suggest further testing with right heart catheterization and earlier intervention with inhaled treprostinil and/or lung transplant evaluation.
IgG4 related lung disease mimicking multiple pleural disseminated lung cancer
Authors: Ito Koya , Maeda Yukiko , Mita Akane , Aizawa Saori , Mizushima Arei , Taniguchi Natsuko , Nagai Katsura , Shomura Hiroki , Hattori Atsuo , Harada Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2022

Key messageIgG4‐related lung disease (IgG4‐RLD) can present with various types of radiological findings such as nodule, ground‐glass opacity, alveolar interstitial, and bronchovascular involvement. IgG4‐RLD generally manifests as mild clinical symptoms, despite evidence from the image findings. Herein we report an asymptomatic patient with IgG4‐RLD mimicking multiple pleural disseminated lung cancer.
Construct validation and normative data for different versions of the Shirom‐Melamed burnout questionnaire/measure in a Swedish population sample
Authors: Sundström Anna , Söderholm Anna , Nordin Maria , Nordin Steven 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe overall aim of the present study was to examine the construct validity of different versions of the Shirom‐Melamed Burnout Questionnaire/Measure (SMBQ/M) suggested in previous work, as well as to provide normative data for a large population‐based sample in Sweden with a broad range in age. Cross‐sectional data from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study in Sweden were used. The 3406 participants (56% women) in this study, aged 18–79 years, constituted a random sample stratified for age and sex. Participants responded to a questionnaire including the 4‐factor 22‐item version of the SMBM as well as background questions and a number of validated questionnaire instruments assessing for example, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and somatic symptoms. The dimensionality of different versions of the SMBM were examined with confirmatory factor analysis. A modified 4‐factor 19‐item model of the SMBM provided good model‐fit, and two 2‐factor models (11‐item and 6‐item) provided excellent model fit. The relationships to relevant psychological constructs provided support for convergent validity for the suggested versions of the SMBM. Finally, normative data were obtained for a broad age group for the different versions. In conclusion, we suggest that for assessing the core of the burnout construct in terms of emotional and physical exhaustion and cognitive weariness, the SMBM‐11 or SMBM‐6 for repeated measures, are to be used. For a broader assessment of burnout incorporating both symptoms and information about the process of exhaustion via the subscales of listlessness and tension, we recommend the use of the modified 4‐factor SMBM‐19.
Stressor reflections, sleep, and psychological well‐being: A pre‐registered experimental test of self‐distanced versus self‐immersed reflections
Authors: Riddell Hugh , Crane Monique , Lang Jonas W. B. , Chapman Michael T. , Murdoch Elizabeth M. , Gucciardi Daniel F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEvidence supports the effectiveness of cuing people to analyse negative autobiographical experiences from self‐distanced rather than self‐immersed perspectives. However, the evidence on which this expectation resides is limited largely to static snapshots of mean levels of cognitive and emotional factors. Via a pre‐registered, randomised controlled trial (N = 257), we examined the differential effectiveness of self‐distanced relative to self‐immersed reflections on mean levels and within‐person variability of sleep duration and quality as well as psychological well‐being over a 5‐day working week. Except for sleep quality, we found that reflecting from a psychologically distanced perspective, overall, was no more effective for mean levels and within‐person variability of sleep duration, well‐being, and stress‐related factors than when the current self is fully immersed in the experiential reality of the event. We consider several substantive and methodological considerations (e.g., dosage, salience of stressor event) that require interrogation in future research via experimental and longitudinal observational methods.
Seroprevalence and predisposing factors of rabies antibodies in unvaccinated dogs in Sierra Leone
Authors: Roland Suluku , Benjamin Emikpe , Patrick Bagla Victor , Juana Moiwo , Derrick Asare 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study determines the seroprevalence and associated factors of rabies in unvaccinated dogs in Sierra Leone.BackgroundRabies control is poorly coordinated in Sierra Leone which was ranked as the third hungriest country in the world. Due to limited access to rabies vaccines, the need for comprehensive serological data on dogs for control of the disease is expedient.MethodsA random multistage technique considering high, medium and low incident areas of rabies cases in dog‐populated communities was adopted. Samples were collected from dogs with owners which were at least 1‐year old. Samples were analysed using a commercial ELISA in accordance to manufacturer's instructions.Results25.2% of the total 270 samples tested positive for the presence of rabies antibodies. Kenema district had the highest number of positive samples, followed by the Bombali district and Moyamba district the least. Predisposing factors, including sex, the status of castration, the type of settlement, district and the availability of fences at locations where dogs are kept, had significant effects (p<0.05) on the exposure of dogs to rabies. The 25.2% antibody seroprevalence obtained is very low.ConclusionsConcerted effort should be made to enhance rabies vaccination through an awareness campaign and provision of vaccine to dog owners. Good waste disposal and management practices to reduce open garbage disposal in communities will go a long way to limit the stray‐dog population and minimize rabies outbreaks especially in third‐world countries where rabies vaccines are not accessible.
Suspected eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in a six‐banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus)
Authors: Sailler Anaïs , Potier Romain , Risi Emmanuel , Hue Cyril 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis report documents the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a suspected eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) in a captive 6‐year‐old female six‐banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus). Clinical findings included weight loss, relapsing chronic rhinitis despite antibiotic and antifungal treatments, and abnormal respiratory sounds. EBP was highly suspected using complete blood count, computed tomography and histopathology performed on nasal biopsies. Severe hypereosinophilia (6630 cells/μl), a marked necrotic ulcerative chronic rhinitis with encrusted microscopic vegetable fragments and a diffuse bilateral interstitial pulmonary pattern evidenced on medical imaging were the main findings on further procedures. Corticosteroid therapy along with targeted antibiotics and animal isolation in an environment with reduced allergens resulted in decreased hypereosinophilia and clinical recovery. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that EBP is suspected in another species than dogs.
Photon emission from an excited string
Authors: Firrotta Maurizio , Rosenhaus Vladimir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe compute the amplitude for an excited string in any precisely specified state to decay into another excited string in any precisely specified state, via emission of a tachyon or photon. For generic and highly excited string states, the amplitude is a complicated function of the outgoing kinematic angle, sensitive to the precise state. We compute the square of this amplitude, averaged over polarizations of the ingoing string and summed over polarizations of the outgoing string. The seeming intractability of these calculations is made possible by extracting amplitudes involving excited strings from amplitudes involving tachyons and a large number of photons; the number of photons grows with the complexity of the excited string state. Our work is in the spirit of the broad range of recent studies of statistical mechanics and chaos for quantum many-body systems. The number of different excited string states at a given mass is exponentially large, and our calculation gives the emission amplitude of a single photon from each of the microstates — which, through the Horowitz-Polchinski correspondence principle, are in correspondence with black hole microstates.