bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correspondence Among Mid‐Latitude Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitudes, Atmospheric Temperatures, and Westerly Wind Fields
Authors: Audet Alexander C. , Putnam Aaron E. , Russell Joellen L. , Lorrey Andrew , Mackintosh Andrew , Anderson Brian , Denton George H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMountain glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change. However, the extent to which glaciers capture regional to hemisphere‐scale atmospheric processes remains uncertain, hindering paleoclimatic interpretations derived from moraine‐based glacier reconstructions. Here, we evaluate how mid‐latitude glacier systems monitor climate by comparing climate reanalysis products with glacier annual equilibrium line altitude (ELA) elevations from the antipodal Southern Alps of New Zealand and European Alps. We find significant regional and hemispheric correlations between glacier annual ELA and summer tropospheric temperatures. Annual ELA also exhibit positive correlations with the latitude of the westerly jets in both hemispheres. These results indicate that westerly wind‐belt latitude modulates the proportion of cold versus warm air masses influencing these glacier systems. These results highlight the sensitivity of mid‐latitude glaciers to atmospheric temperatures and circulation, with implications for interpreting moraine‐based paleoclimate reconstructions. Combined impacts of ongoing tropospheric warming and poleward‐shifting westerlies will likely accelerate recession of mid‐latitude glaciers.
Meltwater Contribution to Lake Water Budget in Mid‐Latitude Asia During the Deglaciation and Early Holocene
Authors: Jiang Jiawei , Liu Hu , Jiang Qingfeng , Chang Yuan‐Pin , Song Mu , Meng Bowen , Wang Huanye , Cao Yunning , Shen Ji , Krivonogov Sergey , Liu Weiguo , Liu Zhonghui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContrasting moisture evolutions between westerlies‐dominated Central Asia and monsoonal Asia since the mid‐Holocene have been widely recognized. Yet, inconsistent hydrological records over the early Holocene from both regions hamper our understanding of hydroclimatic changes and associated mechanisms. Here we present isotopic and biomarker (alkenone) records from three Chinese lakes located at both regions to address a possible meltwater role in lake water budget. Our results show the occurrence of particularly depleted isotopic values of lake water associated with lake freshening within the deglaciation and early Holocene. Together with anomalously old 14C dates, which were also documented in many other Asian lakes, our observations likely indicate substantial meltwater contribution to mid‐latitude Asian lake water budget, along with the climatic warming. Hence, the potential meltwater effect should be considered when inferring Asian summer monsoon and westerlies behavior over this critical period, with important implications to Holocene hydrological reconstructions and future hydroclimatic projections.
Formation Process of Particles and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Over the Amazon Rainforest: The Role of Local and Remote New‐Particle Formation
Authors: Zhao Bin , Fast Jerome , Shrivastava Manish , Donahue Neil M. , Gao Yang , Shilling John E. , Liu Ying , Zaveri Rahul A. , Gaudet Brian , Wang Shuxiao , Wang Jian , Li Zeqi , Fan Jiwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the formation processes of particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in pristine environments is a major challenge in assessing the anthropogenic impacts on climate change. Using a state‐of‐the‐art model that systematically simulates the new‐particle formation (NPF) from condensable vapors and multi‐scale transport of chemical species, we find that NPF contributes ∼90% of the particle number and ∼80% of the CCN at 0.5% supersaturation (CCN0.5%) in the pristine Amazon boundary layer during the wet season. The corresponding contributions are only ∼30% and ∼20% during the dry season because of prevalent biomass burning. In both seasons, ∼50% of the NPF‐induced particles and ∼85% of the NPF‐induced CCN0.5% in the boundary layer originate from the long‐range transport of new particles formed hundreds to thousands of kilometers away. Moreover, about 50%–65% of the NPF‐induced particles and 35%–50% of the NPF‐induced CCN0.5% originate from the downward transport of new particles formed aloft.
Porosity Evolution in Rate and State Friction
Authors: Rudnicki John W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis letter compares the predictions of two expressions proposed for the porosity evolution in the context of rate and state friction. One (Segall & Rice, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb02403) depends only on the sliding velocity; the other (Sleep, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jb03340) depends only on the state variable. Simulations of both are similar for velocity stepping and slide‐hold‐slide experiments. They differ significantly for normal effective stress jumps at constant sliding velocity. Segall and Rice (1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb02403) predicts no change in the porosity; Sleep (1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jb03340) does. Simulation with a spring‐block model indicates that the magnitude of rapid slip events is essentially the same for the two formulations. Variations of porosity and induced pore pressure near rapid slip events are similar and consistent with experimental observations. Predicted porosity variations during slow slip intervals and the time at which rapid slip events occur are significantly different. The simulation indicates that changes in friction stress due to pore pressure changes exceed those due to rate and state effects.
Discretization of Sea Ice Dynamics in the Tangent Plane to the Sphere by a CD‐Grid‐Type Finite Element
Authors: Mehlmann Carolin , Gutjahr Oliver 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a new discretization of sea ice dynamics on the sphere. The approach describes sea ice motion in tangent planes to the sphere. On each triangle of the mesh, the ice dynamics are discretized in a local coordinate system using a CD‐grid‐like non‐conforming finite element method. The development allows a straightforward coupling to the C‐grid like ocean model in Icosahedral Non‐hydrostatic‐Ocean model, which uses the same infrastructure as the sea ice module. Using a series of test examples, we demonstrate that the non‐conforming finite element discretization provides a stable realization of large‐scale sea ice dynamics on the sphere. A comparison with observation shows that we can simulate typical drift patterns with the new numerical realization of the sea ice dynamics.
Supporting the Development of Adherence and Self-Management in Pediatric Severe Hemophilia
Authors: Cartwright Kelly B. 
Published: November 2022

Objective: Hemophilia is a complex medical condition in which home-based self-management by children, adolescents, and their families is the standard of care. However, research on hemophilia self-management is limited. Because of its complexity and self-management standard, understanding the development of adherence and self-management in hemophilia may provide insights into supporting pediatric patients and their families in managing complex health care needs that can be generalized and adapted for other conditions. Methods: A topical review and retrospective case report are provided to illustrate issues in the development of adherence and self-management, and to highlight clinical applications, for pediatric patients with severe hemophilia. Results: Individual, social, and contextual factors influence adherence in pediatric severe hemophilia. Interventions that support individual autonomy and competence, such as medical play and education, and social-contextual supports, such as community-building and technological supports, have been shown to improve adherence and self-management in pediatric severe hemophilia, particularly when tailored to patients’ individual needs. Conclusions: Though the literature on adherence and self-management in pediatric severe hemophilia is limited, evidence of positive effects of adherence and self-management interventions is promising and could be applied to management of other complex conditions. Future work should examine emerging adults, and roles of health literacy, executive functioning, and pediatric psychologists in adherence and self-management in pediatric severe hemophilia. Implications for Impact Statement Pediatric severe hemophilia is a complex condition that is managed at home by children and families. Studying what works to promote the development of adherence and self-management in such a complex condition can help families and providers understand how to manage and foster the development of adherence and self-management in patients with pediatric severe hemophilia and other complex health conditions.
Adaptive activation of EFNB2/EPHB4 axis promotes post-metastatic growth of colorectal cancer liver metastases by LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake
Authors: Xu Chunjie , Gu Lei , Kuerbanjiang Manzila , Jiang Chunhui , Hu Lipeng , Liu Ye , Xue Hanbing , Li Jun , Zhang Zhigang , Xu Qing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe microenvironment of distant organ plays vital roles in regulating tumor metastases. However, little is known about the crosstalk between metastasized tumor cells and target organs. Herein, we found that EFNB2 expression was upregulated in liver metastases (LM) of colorectal cancer (CRC), but not in pulmonary metastases (PM) or primary CRC tumors. EFNB2 played a tumor-promoting role in CRC LM in vitro and in vivo. Through forward signaling, EFNB2-promoted CRC LM by interacting with the EPHB4 receptor. EFNB2/EPHB4 axis enhances LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake in CRC LM. Subsequently, EFNB2/EPHB4 axis promotes LDLR transcription by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation. Blocking LDLR reversed the role of the EFNB2/EPHB4 axis in promoting CRC LM. Using clinical data, survival analysis revealed that the survival time of patients with CRC LM was decreased in patients with high EFNB2 expression, compared with low EFNB2 expression. Inhibition of the EFNB2/EPHB4 axis markedly prolonged the survival time of BALB/c nude mice with CRC LM with a high cholesterol diet. These findings revealed a key step in the regulation of cholesterol uptake by EFNB2/EPHB4 axis and its tumor-promoting role in CRC LM.
GALNT14-mediated O-glycosylation on PHB2 serine-161 enhances cell growth, migration and drug resistance by activating IGF1R cascade in hepatoma cells
Authors: Chu Yu-De , Fan Tan-Chi , Lai Ming-Wei , Yeh Chau-Ting 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9679162 located on GALNT14 gene predicts therapeutic outcomes in patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, the associations between SNP genotypes, GALNT14 expression, and downstream molecular events were determined. A higher GALNT14 cancerous/noncancerous ratio was associated with the rs9679162-GG genotype, leading to an unfavorable postoperative prognosis. A novel exon-6-skipped GALNT14 mRNA variant was identified in patients carrying the rs9679162-TT genotype, which was associated with lower GALNT14 expression and favorable prognosis. Cell-based experiments showed that elevated levels of GALNT14 promoted HCC growth, migration, and resistance to anticancer drugs. Using a comparative lectin-capture glycoproteomic approach, PHB2 was identified as a substrate for GALNT14-mediated O-glycosylation. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that serine-161 (Ser161) was the O-glycosylation site. Further analysis showed that O-glycosylation of PHB2-Ser161 was required for the GALNT14-mediated growth-promoting phenotype. O-glycosylation of PHB2 was positively correlated with GALNT14 expression in HCC, resulting in increased interaction between PHB2 and IGFBP6, which in turn led to the activation of IGF1R-mediated signaling. In conclusion, the GALNT14-rs9679162 genotype was associated with differential expression levels of GALNT14 and the generation of a novel exon-6-skipped GALNT14 mRNA variant, which was associated with a favorable prognosis in HCC. The GALNT14/PHB2/IGF1R cascade modulated the growth, migration, and anticancer drug resistance of HCC cells, thereby opening the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets against HCC.
The 3D enhancer network of the developing T cell genome is shaped by SATB1
Authors: Zelenka Tomas , Klonizakis Antonios , Tsoukatou Despina , Papamatheakis Dionysios-Alexandros , Franzenburg Sören , Tzerpos Petros , Tzonevrakis Ioannis-Rafail , Papadogkonas George , Kapsetaki Manouela , Nikolaou Christoforos , Plewczynski Dariusz , Spilianakis Charalampos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMechanisms of tissue-specific gene expression regulation via 3D genome organization are poorly understood. Here we uncover the regulatory chromatin network of developing T cells and identify SATB1, a tissue-specific genome organizer, enriched at the anchors of promoter-enhancer loops. We have generated a T-cell specific Satb1 conditional knockout mouse which allows us to infer the molecular mechanisms responsible for the deregulation of its immune system. H3K27ac HiChIP and Hi-C experiments indicate that SATB1-dependent promoter-enhancer loops regulate expression of master regulator genes (such as Bcl6), the T cell receptor locus and adhesion molecule genes, collectively being critical for cell lineage specification and immune system homeostasis. SATB1-dependent regulatory chromatin loops represent a more refined layer of genome organization built upon a high-order scaffold provided by CTCF and other factors. Overall, our findings unravel the function of a tissue-specific factor that controls transcription programs, via spatial chromatin arrangements complementary to the chromatin structure imposed by ubiquitously expressed genome organizers.
Cryo-EM structures reveal the activation and substrate recognition mechanism of human enteropeptidase
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Ding Zhanyu , Peng Lisi , Song Qiuyue , Zhang Deyu , Cui Fang , Xia Chuanchao , Li Keliang , Yin Hua , Li Shiyu , Li Zhaoshen , Huang Haojie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnteropeptidase (EP) initiates intestinal digestion by proteolytically processing trypsinogen, generating catalytically active trypsin. EP dysfunction causes a series of pancreatic diseases including acute necrotizing pancreatitis. However, the molecular mechanisms of EP activation and substrate recognition remain elusive, due to the lack of structural information on the EP heavy chain. Here, we report cryo-EM structures ofhumanEP in inactive, active, and substrate-bound states at resolutions from 2.7 to 4.9 Å. The EP heavy chain was observed to clamp the light chain with CUB2 domain for substrate recognition. The EP light chain N-terminus induced a rearrangement of surface-loops from inactive to active conformations, resulting in activated EP. The heavy chain then served as a hinge for light-chain conformational changes to recruit and subsequently cleave substrate. Our study provides structural insights into rearrangements of EP surface-loops and heavy chain dynamics in the EP catalytic cycle, advancing our understanding of EP-associated pancreatitis.
Intrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness
Authors: Lyu Dian , Naik Shruti , Menon David K. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrain activity is intrinsically organised into spatiotemporal patterns, but it is still not clear whether these intrinsic patterns are functional or epiphenomenal. Using a simultaneous fMRI-EEG implementation of a well-known bistable visual task, we showed that the latent transient states in the intrinsic EEG oscillations can predict upcoming involuntarily perceptual transitions. The critical state predicting a dominant perceptual transition was characterised by the phase coupling between the precuneus (PCU), a key node of the Default Mode Network (DMN), and the primary visual cortex (V1). The interaction between the lifetime of this state and the PCU- > V1 Granger-causal effect is correlated with the perceptual fluctuation rate. Our study suggests that the brain’s endogenous dynamics are phenomenologically relevant, as they can elicit a diversion between potential visual processing pathways, while external stimuli remain the same. In this sense, the intrinsic DMN dynamics pre-empt the content of consciousness.
Conformational motions and ligand-binding underlying gating and regulation in IP3R channel
Authors: Fan Guizhen , Baker Mariah R. , Terry Lara E. , Arige Vikas , Chen Muyuan , Seryshev Alexander B. , Baker Matthew L. , Ludtke Steven J. , Yule David I. , Serysheva Irina I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are activated by IP3 and Ca2+ and their gating is regulated by various intracellular messengers that finely tune the channel activity. Here, using single particle cryo-EM analysis we determined 3D structures of the nanodisc-reconstituted IP3R1 channel in two ligand-bound states. These structures provide unprecedented details governing binding of IP3, Ca2+ and ATP, revealing conformational changes that couple ligand-binding to channel opening. Using a deep-learning approach and 3D variability analysis we extracted molecular motions of the key protein domains from cryo-EM density data. We find that IP3 binding relies upon intrinsic flexibility of the ARM2 domain in the tetrameric channel. Our results highlight a key role of dynamic side chains in regulating gating behavior of IP3R channels. This work represents a stepping-stone to developing mechanistic understanding of conformational pathways underlying ligand-binding, activation and regulation of the channel.
Independently evolved viral effectors convergently suppress DELLA protein SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in rice
Authors: Li Lulu , Zhang Hehong , Yang Zihang , Wang Chen , Li Shanshan , Cao Chen , Yao Tongsong , Wei Zhongyan , Li Yanjun , Chen Jianping , Sun Zongtao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant viruses adopt diverse virulence strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. However, general antiviral defense directly targeted by different types of plant viruses have rarely been studied. Here, we show that the single rice DELLA protein, SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), a master negative regulator in Gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, is targeted by several different viral effectors for facilitating viral infection. Viral proteins encoded by different types of rice viruses all directly trigger the rapid degradation of SLR1 by promoting association with the GA receptor OsGID1. SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance was subverted by these independently evolved viral proteins, which all interrupted the functional crosstalk between SLR1 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This decline of JA antiviral further created the advantage of viral infection. Our study reveals a common viral counter-defense strategy in which different types of viruses convergently target SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance to benefit viral infection in the monocotyledonous crop rice.
Effect of thermo-oxidative aging on the Payne effect and hysteresis loss of carbon-black filled rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Yin Boyuan , Wen Haibo , Luo Wenbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the tire industry, the Payne effect and hysteresis loss of carbon-black (CB) filled rubber vulcanizates are the most concerning issues. CB filled rubber vulcanizates are susceptible to thermo-oxidative aging in the applications. In this paper, the effects of thermo-oxidative aging are investigated from experimental and theoretical aspects. The specimens are subjected to thermo-oxidative aging at 80, 100 and 120 °C for various periods of time ranging from 1 to 6 days and then the dynamic mechanical tests are conducted. The results show that both the storage modulus and the loss modulus increase with increasing aging time. The hysteresis loss of the material shows an increasing tendency with the increase of dynamic strain amplitude, aging time and aging temperature. The Kraus model is used to describe the Payne effect and a viscoelastic model consisting of dynamic strain amplitude and loss modulus is used to calculate the energy dissipation.
Racial disparities and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular health metrics among US adults: NHANES 2011–2018
Authors: Lopez-Neyman Stephanie M. , Davis Kathleen , Zohoori Namvar , Broughton K. Shane , Moore Carolyn E. , Miketinas Derek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study estimated the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors, and cardiovascular health metrics (CVHMs) among US adults and across race/ethnicity groups. The study comprised 8370 US adults aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018, free of coronary heart disease/heart failure, angina/angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke, who provided complete data for the outcome variables of interest. Age-adjusted prevalence of CVD and CM risk factors, and CVHMs were computed for all adults and across race/ethnicity groups. All analyses accounted for the complex, multi-stage survey sampling design of the NHANES. Hypertension (45.0%), obesity (40.0%), fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hypoglycemic medication (51.0%), ideal physical activity (59.2%) and ideal smoking status (56.9%) were most prevalent for the whole sample. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Blacks had elevated risk for some, but not all, CVD and CM risk factors compared to non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Asians. Reducing further health disparities and persisting differences among racial and ethnic groups is vital to achieving the American Heart Association vision of all people having ideal cardiovascular health, living healthier and longer.
Preferences for seeking effort or reward information bias the willingness to work
Authors: Müller Tanja , Husain Masud , Apps Matthew A. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch suggests that the temporal order in which people receive information about costs and benefits whilst making decisions can influence their choices. But, do people have a preference for seeking information about costs or benefits when making effort-based decisions, and does this impact motivation? Here, participants made choices about whether to exert different levels of physical effort to obtain different magnitudes of reward, or rest for low reward. Prior to each effort-based choice, they also had to decide which information they wanted to see first: how much physical effort would be required, or how large the reward would be. We found no overall preference for seeking reward or effort information first, but motivation did change when people saw reward or effort information first. Seeking effort information first, both someone’s average tendency to do so and their choice to see effort first on a given trial, was associated with reductions in the willingness to exert higher effort. Moreover, the tendency to prefer effort information first was associated with reduced vigorous exercise and higher levels of fatigue in everyday life. These findings highlight that preferences for seeking effort information may be a bias that reduces people’s willingness to exert effort in the lab and in everyday life.