bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooling‐activated dorsomedial hypothalamic BDNF neurons control cold defense in mice
Authors: Zhou Qian , Liu Changhao , Chen Ting , Liu Yanyang , Cao Ren , Ni Xinyan , Yang Wen Z. , Shen Qiwei , Sun Hongbin , Shen Wei L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBDNF and its expressing neurons in the brain critically control feeding and energy expenditure (EE) in both rodents and humans. However, whether BDNF neurons would function in thermoregulation during temperature challenges is unclear. Here, we show that BDNF neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHBDNF) of mice are activated by afferent cooling signals. These cooling‐activated BDNF neurons are mainly GABAergic. Activation of DMHBDNF neurons or the GABAergic subpopulations is sufficient to increase body temperature, EE, and physical activity. Conversely, blocking DMHBDNF neurons substantially impairs cold defense and reduces energy expenditure, physical activity, and UCP1 expression in BAT, which eventually results in bodyweight gain and glucose/insulin intolerance. Therefore, we identify a subset of DMHBDNF neurons as a novel type of cooling‐activated neurons to promote cold defense. Thus, we reveal a critical role of BDNF circuitry in thermoregulation, which deepens our understanding of BDNF in controlling energy homeostasis and obesity.image
Association between BNT162b2 vaccination and the development of delayed inflammatory reactions to hyaluronic acid‐based dermal fillers—A nationwide survey
Authors: Safir Ari , Samuelov Liat , Sprecher Eli , Daniely Danny , Artzi Ofir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDelayed inflammatory reactions (DIRs) to hyaluronic acid‐based dermal fillers following COVID‐19 vaccination has been reported in a few anecdotal reports and small series of cases.AimTo evaluate the clinical characteristics, incidence, and management options relevant to BNT162b2 vaccination‐associated DIR—A nationwide survey was conducted.MethodsAn online self‐administered survey was sent to physicians who actively practice tissue filler injections. The data acquired included demographic and clinical characteristics of relevant DIR cases.ResultsOut of 262 responders, 20 cases with DIR following the vaccination were reported. 35% and 65% occurred shortly after the first and second vaccination dose, respectively. Overall, 65% of the DIRs appeared ≤5 days after vaccine administration and most DIRs resolved within 21 days. The filler's volume (p = 0.016) was associated with higher DIR severity, and the same tendency was noted among some filler types and locations of injection. Medical intervention was provided in 12 (60%) cases.ConclusionDIR associated with BNT162b2 vaccination is rare and tends to resolve spontaneously or with short‐term medical intervention.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and its role in propelling the growth of the MSME sector
Authors: Madhusoodanan Lavanya , Sharma Rahul , Soni Patrika , Dubey Amit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor micro‐, small‐, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs), the current economic scenario might be altering. The transformation of a country's socioeconomic standing, particularly in a developing country like India, is not a simple process. Micro, small, and medium‐sized firms are a varied and heterogeneous collection of enterprises with a wide range of ailments and constraints. In this respect, MSMEs should get involved in invention/innovation by doing continuous and productive research and development. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), is one aspect that can help MSMEs avoid stumbling blocks and achieve global standards. IPR is a broad term that encompasses all aspects of a company and serves as a valuable corporate asset. Patent and trademark databases include a plethora of technological and commercial information that MSMEs may use to learn about recent technological advances, discover prospective partners, and learn about rivals' creative activities. For entrepreneurs all around the world, efficiently managing intellectual property and leveraging it to develop company strategies is becoming increasingly important. In the last 7 years, India has launched several programs such as Digital India, Start‐Up India, Make in India, and Stand‐up India, as well as the current Aathmanirbhar Bharat, which aims to achieve a $5 trillion economy and long‐term sustainability. The enterprise, via its vigilance and vitality, should demonstrate remarkable innovativeness and flexibility to withstand the recent economic downturn, and IPR will provide many chances for future growth in this respect. MSMEs' IP strategies should take a comprehensive approach to the various forms of IP assets. In this article, we have emphasized the impact and relevance of IPR as a competitive strategy for propelling the growth of MSMEs. The objective is to raise MSME knowledge of IPRs so that they may take steps to safeguard their ideas and business plans.
Predicting hepatitis B e Antigen seroconversion after pregnancy—The SydPregScore
Authors: Thilakanathan Cynthuja , Kayes Tahrima , Di Girolamo Julia , Nguyen Vi , Glass Anne , Manandhar Sicha , Lawler Joseph , Meredith Chris , Maley Michael , Lloyd Andrew , Levy Miriam T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAchieving Hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion (HBeAg SC) at an earlier age confers a better prognosis. We examined baseline and post‐partum factors associated with HBeAg SC after pregnancy. We developed a tool, the SydPregScore, to estimate the likelihood of HBeAg SC in the years after pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of an HBeAg‐positive pregnant cohort was conducted. Variables including baseline age, parity, alanine aminotransferase level, HBV viral load, quantitative HBsAg, use of antiviral therapy and post‐partum flare were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to determine predictors of HBeAg SC and develop a predictor score were performed.ResultsWe analysed HBeAg SC rates in 220 pregnancies to 149 HBeAg‐positive women from 2006 to 2019. At baseline, their median age was 33 (IQR 29–37), ALT 23 U/L (IQR 17–33) and viral load 8 log10IU/mL (IQR 6.3–8.2 log10IU/mL). The majority (133/198, 67.2%) received short‐course antiviral therapy to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission, and 109/192 (56.8%) had a post‐partum flare. HBeAg SC occurred in 74/220 (33.6%) after pregnancy (median follow‐up 814 days, IQR 405–1531). Multivariate analysis identified baseline viral load <8 log10IU/mL (HR 2.426 [1.224–4.809], p = .011), baseline ALT ≥2 ULN (HR 2.726 [1.299–5.721], p = .008) and age <35 (HR 2.859 [1.255–6.513], p = .012) to be positive predictors of HBeAg SC. The ‘SydPreg Score’ estimated the probability of HBeAg SC at 2000 days as 10%, 30%, 70% and 80% for 0, 1, 2, and 3 predictors respectively.ConclusionThe SydPreg Score allows the prediction of HBeAg SC in the years after pregnancy. Even in those without elevated ALT, age <35 and viral load <8 log10IU/mL can identify women with a good chance of subsequent HBeAg SC. Those without a chance may benefit from viral suppression.
Decreases in scabies and lice cases among the pediatric and adult populations during COVID‐19
Authors: Bonanno Marianne , Lee Olivia S. , Sayed Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe influence of the nationwide lockdown orders during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the transmission of scabies and lice remains unknown. We conducted a cross‐sectional study utilizing UNC patient registry i2b2 to investigate monthly cases and prescriptions for scabies and lice in adult and pediatric patients in North Carolina. There were significant decreases in the cases and prescriptions for scabies and lice in the pediatric and adult populations. These results provide early insights on how COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown orders affected the prevalence of these two conditions and suggest that physical distancing measures reduce transmission of these parasitic conditions.
Clinical and molecular change induced by repeated low‐dose visible light exposure in both light‐skinned and dark‐skinned individuals
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Rainer Barbara M. , Qi Ji , Brown Isabelle , Ogurtsova Aleksandra , Leung Sherry , Garza Luis A. , Kang Sewon , Chien Anna L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundVisible light (VL) is known to induce pigmentation in dark‐skinned individuals and immediate erythema in light‐skinned individuals. However, the effects of accumulated low‐dose VL exposure across skin types are not well established.MethodsThirty‐one healthy subjects with light (Fitzpatrick skin types [FST] I‐II, n = 13) and dark (FST V‐VI, n = 18) skin types were enrolled. Subjects' buttocks were exposed daily to VL, wavelength 400–700 nm, with a dose of 120 J/cm2 at 50 mW/cm2, for four consecutive days. Microarray using Affymetrix GeneChip (49,395 genes) was performed followed by qRT‐PCR on skin samples.ResultsRepeated low‐dose VL irradiation induced immediate pigment darkening and delayed tanning in dark‐skinned individuals while no discernable pigmentation and erythema were observed in light‐skinned individuals. Top ten upregulated genes by repeated VL exposure in microarray included melanogenic genes such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TYRP1), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), premelanosome protein (PMEL), melan‐A (MLANA), and solute carrier family 24, member 5 (SLC24A5) and genes involved in inflammation/matrix remodeling/cell signaling including chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18), BCL2‐related protein A1 (BCL2A1), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). In qRT‐PCR CCL18 was upregulated in light skin with a greater extent (mean fold change ± SD; 4.03 ± 3.28, p = .04) than in dark‐skinned individuals (1.91 ± 1.32, p = .07) while TYR was not significantly upregulated in both skin types.ConclusionThis study highlights the genes upregulated by cumulative VL exposure involved in pigmentation, immune response, oxidation/reduction, and matrix remodeling across skin types providing relevant information on daily solar exposure.
Construction of path analysis model on related factors of social isolation in older people
Authors: Li Weitong , Wang Qing , Yin Haiyan , Song Yulei , Tu Wenjing , Wang Lulu , Liang Yongqi , Bai Yamei , Xu Guihua 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWith the gradual acceleration of population ageing, social isolation in older people has increasingly become a hot topic of social concern. The reduction of valid social participation will cause older people to weaken their sense of belonging to the community and social acquisition, negatively impacting on older people's quality of life. This study is aimed to explore the main related factors affecting the social isolation of older people, so as to provide a solid scientific basis for improving the health behaviour of older people in China.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 2267 community residents over 60 years old from four cites in Jiangsu Province, China. Perceived social support scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, Comprehensive Ability of Older People Assessment Scale and other influencing factors scales were used to investigate the current situation. Social isolation was measured with the Lubben Social Network Scale. Demographic data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses and relationships among study variables were determined to use a path analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 26 using T‐test, analysis of variance, logistic regression analyses, and path analysis method. The test level was set at alpha = 0.05, and the difference was statistically significant at P‐value <0.05.ResultsThe results of the model test analysis indicated that the hypothesised paths were supported by data from our samples and demonstrated significance on the path coefficients (P < 0.05). Related factors in the three dimensions of social risk, economic risk and cultural risk have an impact on the social isolation of older people in the community through direct and indirect pathways, and also indirectly through the partially mediated role of depression. Overall, our hypothesised model was retained, indicating empirical support and adequate model fit indices for the theoretical model.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated the predictive role of related factors of social isolation in older people. In the future, we should focus on developing interventions by uniting many forces such as society, family and older people themselves to reduce social isolation among this vulnerable population and improve the quality of life of older people and promote healthy ageing.
Treatable traits in the NOVELTY study
Authors: Agustí Alvar , Rapsomaniki Eleni , Beasley Richard , Hughes Rod , Müllerová Hana , Papi Alberto , Pavord Ian D. , van den Berge Maarten , Faner Rosa ,   for the NOVELTY Study Investigators
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveAsthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent and complex diseases that require personalized management. Although a strategy based on treatable traits (TTs) has been proposed, the prevalence and relationship of TTs to the diagnostic label and disease severity established by the attending physician in a real‐world setting are unknown. We assessed how the presence/absence of specific TTs relate to the diagnosis and severity of ‘asthma’, ‘COPD’ or ‘asthma + COPD’.MethodsThe authors selected 30 frequently occurring TTs from the NOVELTY study cohort (NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY; NCT02760329), a large (n = 11,226), global study that systematically collects data in a real‐world setting, both in primary care clinics and specialized centres, for patients with ‘asthma’ (n = 5932, 52.8%), ‘COPD’ (n = 3898, 34.7%) or both (‘asthma + COPD’; n = 1396, 12.4%).ResultsThe results indicate that (1) the prevalence of the 30 TTs evaluated varied widely, with a mean ± SD of 4.6 ± 2.6, 5.4 ± 2.6 and 6.4 ± 2.8 TTs/patient in those with ‘asthma’, ‘COPD’ and ‘asthma + COPD’, respectively (p < 0.0001); (2) there were no large global geographical variations, but the prevalence of TTs was different in primary versus specialized clinics; (3) several TTs were specific to the diagnosis and severity of disease, but many were not; and (4) both the presence and absence of TTs formed a pattern that is recognized by clinicians to establish a diagnosis and grade its severity.ConclusionThese results provide the largest and most granular characterization of TTs in patients with airway diseases in a real‐world setting to date.
The social amplification of risk framework: New perspectives
Authors: Kasperson Roger E. , Webler Thomas , Ram Bonnie , Sutton Jeannette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral decades have elapsed since the introduction in 1988 of the social amplification of risk framework (SARF) by researchers from Clark University and Decision Research. SARF was offered as an umbrella under which social, psychological, and cultural theories of risk could be integrated and thereby supplement technical risk analyses. Some critics suggest that SARF cannot be tested thus, the framework is useful, at most, as a post hoc analysis of some kinds of risks. Others counter that predictability is not required for a framework to be useful and that SARF is an effective tool in organizing data related to public perceptions, values, and behaviors. It can also be used to design more effective risk communication and public engagement strategies. SARF also suggests how to conceptually view the dynamics of social media channels, despite the fact that SARF was developed before the explosion of global digital platforms. The papers in this special issue consider developments, refinements, critiques, contributions, extensions of the approach to new risk issues, as well as the findings and hypotheses that have grown out of what is now close to three decades of empirical research. This introductory paper provides background on SARF, presents a literature review since 2003, introduces the contributions to this issue, and highlights several areas for future research.
Do fiscal opacity, fiscal impulse, and fiscal credibility affect disagreement about economic growth forecasts? Empirical evidence from Brazil considering the period of political instability and presidential impeachment
Authors: Montes Gabriel Caldas , Luna Paulo Henrique Lourenço 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of fiscal opacity, fiscal impulse, and fiscal credibility on disagreement about economic growth forecasts. Regarding fiscal opacity, as a novelty, we use an indicator that captures the ignorance of financial market experts about the real budget balance condition. Fiscal impulse is represented by two fiscal impulse indicators, while fiscal credibility is represented by two credibility indexes. The findings suggest an increase in fiscal opacity and the adoption of discretionary fiscal policy raise disagreement about economic growth forecasts. The results suggest that fiscal credibility improvements reduce disagreement about economic growth forecasts.
Policy implementation through performance measurement: A study of water pollution remediation in China's Huai River Basin
Authors: Li Boying , Tang Shui‐Yan , Wang Feng , Yin Haitao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerformance‐oriented management has been proposed as a remedy to policy implementation failure, which is a persuasive woe globally. Recent scholarship on policy implementation through performance measurement and management focuses on client‐oriented services, with less attention paid to the inadequacy of performance indicators in covering all desirable policy goals and in incentivizing all government officials in a non‐client‐oriented service arena, for instance, environmental governance. Based on station‐level water quality data before and after the implementation of China's Huai River Basin Water Quality Accountability Program, we utilize a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) method to investigate how various water quality indicators in the Huai River Basin (HRB) have responded to the new personnel‐based performance measurement system which aimed to enhance environmental policy implementation at the local level. We show that the program succeeded in motivating government officials to meet targeted indicators, but it also led to the worsening of non‐targeted ones. We also find that the impact of this personnel‐based program was sensitive to personal and contextual factors: it affected younger local officials more strongly than those who were older and saw a more limited prospect for promotion. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the personnel‐based measurement system, which may be considered by other countries, particularly those with authoritarian regimes and significant policy implementation failures. At the same time, complementary measures such as institutional arrangements that discover and report omitted important performance aspects, should be considered to safeguard the possible pitfalls of the system.
Comparison of Thermal Behavior of Self-Designed Internally Cooled Cutting Tool for Various Heat Transfer Fluids-Statistic and Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach
Authors: Öztürk Erkan , Yıldızlı Kemal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Compared with dry machining, using traditional cutting fluids has some weaknesses, such as environmental pollution, high machining costs, and harmful effects on human health. Internally cooled cutting tools (ICCTs) have been promising, sustainable, health-friendly, and green technologies for turning applications. However, the effects of different types of internal coolant fluids on insert tip temperature (Ttip) have not been investigated for ICCTs. The machining quality of metallic materials and tool life can improve with effective cooling. This study investigates the internal cooling performance of a self-designed internally cooled smart cutting tool (ICSCT) by comparing different heat transfer fluids. Therefore, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model was set for a self-designed ICSCT. The CHT simulation was experimentally confirmed using pure water (…developed by Ozturk, E., Yildizli, K., and Saglam, F., 2021, “Investigation on an Innovative Internally Cooled Smart Cutting Tool With the Built-In Cooling-Control System,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 46(3), pp. 2397–2411). After that, the effects of flow velocity (Vf) and the inlet temperature of the coolant fluid (Tinlet) alongside different types of glycol-based heat transfer fluids (including pure water) on Ttip were statistically evaluated by the Taguchi method and analysis of the variance (ANOVA). It was found that the most influential factor was the Tinlet at a contribution ratio level of 88.32%. Additionally, according to statistics, Vf and the type of heat transfer fluid were significant. Hence, since no external coolant is used, the designed smart tool can be considered environmentally friendly and health-friendly. In conclusion, glycol-based fluids can be a better choice for internally cooled tool designs owing to their superior features, e.g., corrosion prevention, nontoxicity, and stable heat transfer capability at lower temperatures compared to pure water, although pure water has better thermal properties than the glycol-based fluids (Dynalene Heat Transfer Fluids Technical Datasheets, Cited March 31, 2020).
Strength Degradation in AA5083 Armor Plate After Exposure to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Kasen Scott D. , Tubbs Donald 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The thermally driven evolution of β-phase (Al3Mg2) and its impact on strength are explored for three different commercial producers of aluminum alloy 5083-H131 used in armor applications. Specimens were exposed to 100 °C air for periods of up to 30 days. Through a combination of optical microscopy and computational image analysis, the extent of matrix β and grain boundary β in the microstructure was assessed. Quasi-static tensile testing was also used to measure strength as a function of exposure time. It was found that a degradation in yield strength strongly correlates with the rapid emergence of matrix β-phase and not slowly evolving grain boundary β networks typical of a sensitized microstructure. The decrease in yield strength is attributed to the loss of the solid solution strengthening via matrix β-phase precipitation. This suggests that field exposure to solar radiation, ambient air, or engine/exhaust heat could lead to a loss in the level of ballistic protection afforded by the alloy even without a sensitized condition.
Families’ experiences of central-line infection in children: a qualitative study
Authors: Soto Carmen , Dixon-Woods Mary , Tarrant Carolyn 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveCentral venous access devices (CVADs), often known as central lines, are important for delivering medically complex care in children, and are increasingly used for children living at home. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a serious, life-threatening complication. Although the physical consequences of CLABSIs are well documented, families’ views and experiences of CLABSI are poorly understood.DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews with participants from 11 families of a child living at home with a CVAD.ParticipantsParents of children aged 4–12 years living at home with a CVAD. Four fathers and nine mothers participated in interviews.ResultsThe risk of CLABSI is a constant fear for families of a child with a CVAD. Though avoiding infection is a key priority for families, it is not the only one: maintaining a sense of ‘normal life’ is another goal. Infection prevention and control require much work and expertise on the part of families, contributing significantly to families’ physical and emotional workload.ConclusionsLiving with the risk of CLABSI poses additional burdens that impact on the physical and emotional well-being of families. Services to better support families to manage these burdens are needed.