bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining analyses of metabolite profiles and phosphorus fractions to explore high phosphorus utilization efficiency in maize
Authors: Han Yang , Hong Wanting , Xiong Chuanyong , Lambers Hans , Sun Yan , Xu Zikai , Schulze Waltraud X , Cheng Lingyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation is a significant factor restricting crop production in agricultural systems, and enhancing the internal P utilization efficiency (PUE) of crops plays an important role in ensuring sustainable P use in agriculture. To better understand how P is remobilized to affect crop growth, we first screened P-efficient (B73 and GEMS50) and P-inefficient (Liao5114) maize genotypes at the same shoot P content, and then analyzed P pools and performed non-targeted metabolomic analyses to explore changes in cellular P fractions and metabolites in maize genotypes with contrasting PUE. We show that lipid P and nucleic acid P concentrations were significantly lower in lower leaves of P-efficient genotypes, and these P pools were remobilized to a major extent in P-efficient genotypes. Broad metabolic alterations were evident in leaves of P-efficient maize genotypes, particularly affecting products of phospholipid turnover and phosphorylated compounds, and the shikimate biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that P-efficient genotypes have a high capacity to remobilize lipid P and nucleic acid P and promote the shikimate pathway towards efficient P utilization in maize.
Sculpting the circumbinary planet size distribution through resonant interactions with companion planets
Authors: Fitzmaurice Evan , Martin David V , Fabrycky Daniel C 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTResonant locking of two planets is an expected outcome of convergent disc migration. The planets subsequently migrate together as a resonant pair. In the context of circumbinary planets, the disc is truncated internally by the binary. If there were only a single planet, then this inner disc edge would provide a natural parking location. However, for two planets migrating together in resonance there will be a tension between the inner planet stopping at the disc edge and the outer planet continuing to be torqued inwards. In this paper, we study this effect, showing that the outcome is a function of the planet–planet mass ratio. Smaller outer planets tend to be parked in a stable exterior 2:1 or 3:2 resonance with the inner planet, which remains near the disc edge. Equal or larger mass outer planets tend to push the inner planet past the disc edge and too close to the binary, causing it to be ejected or sometimes flipped to an exterior orbit. Our simulations show that this process may explain an observed dearth of small (&lt;3 R⊕) circumbinary planets, since small planets are frequently ejected or left on long-period orbits, for which transit detection is less likely. This may also be an effective mechanism for producing free-floating planets and interstellar interlopers like ‘Oumuamua.
Galaxy–galaxy strong lens perturbations: line-of-sight haloes versus lens subhaloes
Authors: He Qiuhan , Li Ran , Frenk Carlos S , Nightingale James , Cole Shaun , Amorisco Nicola C , Massey Richard , Robertson Andrew , Etherington Amy , Amvrosiadis Aristeidis , Cao Xiaoyue 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We rederive the number density of intervening line-of-sight haloes relative to lens subhaloes in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing observations, where these perturbers can generate detectable image fluctuations. Previous studies have calculated the detection limit of a line-of-sight small-mass dark halo by comparing the lensing deflection angles it would cause, to those caused by a subhalo within the lens. However, this overly simplifies the difference in observational consequences between a subhalo and a line-of-sight halo. Furthermore, it does not take into account degeneracies between an extra subhalo and the uncertain properties of the main lens. More in keeping with analyses of real-world observations, we regard a line-of-sight halo as detectable only if adding it to a smooth model generates a statistically significant improvement in the reconstructed image. We find that the number density of detectable line-of-sight perturbers has been overestimated by as much as a factor of two in the previous literature. For typical lensing geometries and configurations, very deep imaging is sensitive to twice as many line-of-sight perturbers as subhaloes, but moderate depth imaging is sensitive to only slightly more line-of-sight perturbers than subhaloes.
Discovery of a quasar with double-peaked broad balmer emission lines
Authors: Terwel Jacco H , Jonker Peter G 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Most massive galaxies contain a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at their centre. When galaxies merge, their SMBHs sink to the centre of the new galaxy, where they are thought to eventually merge. During this process, an SMBH binary is formed. The presence of two sets of broad emission lines in the optical spectrum of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) has been interpreted as evidence for two broad-line regions (BLRs), one surrounding each SMBH in a binary. We modelled the broad Balmer emission lines in the SDSS spectra of 373 extreme variability AGNs using one broad and several narrow Gaussian components. We report on the discovery of SDSS J021647.53 − 011341.5 (hereafter J0216) as a double-peaked broad emission line source. Among the 373 AGNs, there were five sources that are known as double-peaked emission line sources. Three of these have been reported as candidate SMBH binaries in previous studies. We present all six objects and their double-peaked broad Balmer emission lines, and discuss the implications for a tidal disruption event (TDE) interpretation of the extreme variability, assuming the double-peaked sources are SMBH binaries.
Tempo of Degeneration Across Independently Evolved Nonrecombining Regions
Authors: Carpentier Fantin , Rodríguez de la Vega Ricardo C. , Jay Paul , Duhamel Marine , Shykoff Jacqui A. , Perlin Michael H. , Wallen R. Margaret , Hood Michael E. , Giraud Tatiana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recombination is beneficial over the long term, allowing more effective selection. Despite long-term advantages of recombination, local recombination suppression can evolve and lead to genomic degeneration, in particular on sex chromosomes. Here, we investigated the tempo of degeneration in nonrecombining regions, that is, the function curve for the accumulation of deleterious mutations over time, leveraging on 22 independent events of recombination suppression identified on mating-type chromosomes of anther-smut fungi, including newly identified ones. Using previously available and newly generated high-quality genome assemblies of alternative mating types of 13 Microbotryum species, we estimated degeneration levels in terms of accumulation of nonoptimal codons and nonsynonymous substitutions in nonrecombining regions. We found a reduced frequency of optimal codons in the nonrecombining regions compared with autosomes, that was not due to less frequent GC-biased gene conversion or lower ancestral expression levels compared with recombining regions. The frequency of optimal codons rapidly decreased following recombination suppression and reached an asymptote after ca. 3 Ma. The strength of purifying selection remained virtually constant at dN/dS = 0.55, that is, at an intermediate level between purifying selection and neutral evolution. Accordingly, nonsynonymous differences between mating-type chromosomes increased linearly with stratum age, at a rate of 0.015 per My. We thus develop a method for disentangling effects of reduced selection efficacy from GC-biased gene conversion in the evolution of codon usage and we quantify the tempo of degeneration in nonrecombining regions, which is important for our knowledge on genomic evolution and on the maintenance of regions without recombination.
Telomerase RNA TERC and the PI3K-AKT pathway form a positive feedback loop to regulate cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity
Authors: Wu Shu , Ge Yuanlong , Lin Kaixuan , Liu Qianqian , Zhou Haoxian , Hu Qian , Zhao Yong , He Weifeng , Ju Zhenyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe core catalytic unit of telomerase comprises telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TERC). Unlike TERT, which is predominantly expressed in cancer and stem cells, TERC is ubiquitously expressed in normal somatic cells without telomerase activity. However, the functions of TERC in these telomerase-negative cells remain elusive. Here, we reported positive feedback regulation between TERC and the PI3K-AKT pathway that controlled cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity in human fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we revealed that TERC activated the transcription of target genes from the PI3K-AKT pathway, such as PDPK1, by targeting their promoters. Overexpression of PDPK1 partially rescued the deficiency of AKT activation caused by TERC depletion. Furthermore, we found that FOXO1, a transcription factor negatively regulated by the PI3K-AKT pathway, bound to TERC promoter and suppressed its expression. Intriguingly, TERC-induced activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway also played a critical role in the proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our findings identify a novel function of TERC that regulates the PI3K-AKT pathway via positive feedback to elevate cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity and provide a potential strategy to promote CD4+ T cells expansion that is responsible for enhancing adaptive immune reactions to defend against pathogens and tumor cells.
The Role of Nicotine and Flavor in the Abuse Potential and Appeal of Electronic Cigarettes for Adult Current and Former Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gades Mari S , Alcheva Aleksandra , Riegelman Amy L , Hatsukami Dorothy K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Many adult cigarette smokers use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to cut down on or quit smoking cigarettes. E-cigarettes with higher abuse potential and appeal might facilitate complete switching. E-liquid nicotine concentration and flavor are two of the characteristics that may affect the abuse potential and appeal of e-cigarettes. The objective of this systematic review was to compile results from survey, animal, human laboratory, and clinical studies to understand the possible effects of nicotine concentration and flavor on abuse potential and appeal of e-cigarettes in adult current and former cigarette and e-cigarette users.

Aims and Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline and PsycINFO followed by citation tracking in Web of Science Core Collection. Peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2007 and August 2020 were selected that analyzed differences between e-liquid nicotine concentration and/or flavors, had outcome measures related to abuse potential and/or appeal, and included adult humans (18+) or animals. A total of 1624 studies were identified and screened. A qualitative synthesis of results was performed.

Results
Results from 104 studies included in this review suggest that higher nicotine concentration and access to a variety of flavors are likely to be associated with higher abuse potential and appeal of e-cigarettes for adult current and former cigarette and e-cigarette users.

Conclusions
Higher nicotine concentrations and the availability of a variety of flavors in e-cigarettes might facilitate complete substitution for cigarettes. Future e-cigarette regulations should take into account their impact on smokers, for whom e-cigarettes may be a cessation tool or reduced-harm alternative.

Implications
E-cigarettes may provide a reduced-harm alternative to cigarettes for smokers unwilling/unable to quit or serve as a path for quitting all nicotine products. Higher nicotine concentrations and flavor variety are associated with higher abuse potential and appeal of e-cigarettes. Higher abuse potential and appeal products may help facilitate complete switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes. Regulation of nicotine concentration and flavors aimed at decreasing naïve uptake may inadvertently decrease uptake and complete switching among smokers, reducing the harm reduction potential of e-cigarettes. Evidence-based effects of regulating nicotine concentration and flavors must be considered for the population as a whole, including smokers.
Unexpected case of accelerated silicosis in a female quarry worker
Authors: Leong Tracy L , Wimaleswaran Hari , Williams David S , Goh Nicole S , Hoy Ryan F 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Silicosis is a progressive and irreversible fibrotic occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of respirable crystalline silica (RCS). Recently, outbreaks have been reported in industries involving direct work with high silica-containing materials, such as artificial stone. Here, we describe an unexpected diagnosis made in an asymptomatic 33-year-old female worker employed for 4 years at a quarry for rhyodacite and rhyolite which contain 70% silicon dioxide. Chest computed tomography demonstrated small nodules in the upper lobes and larger ill-defined areas of opacity. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed fine birefringent material within the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages, representing silica. Transbronchial biopsies of lung parenchyma and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes did not reveal features of sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, or malignancy. As such, a diagnosis of accelerated silicosis was confirmed and represents the first reported case in a female worker at a rhyodacite and rhyolite quarry.
Occupational contact urticaria to cannabis sativa
Authors: Yeo L , Debusscher C , White J M L 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Cannabis allergy is not commonly reported, perhaps due to the legal status of cannabis use and the difficulties of obtaining permission to test it. We report 3 cases of work-related cannabis allergy with features suggestive of a dermatitis, rather than a contact urticaria. Only prick tests were able to confirm the diagnosis. Identification of the cause of the rash was essential to direct work re-deployment.
Innovation in low-energy demand and its implications for policy
Authors: Nemet Gregory , Greene Jenna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScenarios featuring low-energy demand (LED) have the potential to meet climate stabilization targets while also pursuing inclusive well-being and multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Recent papers have assembled detailed bottom-up estimates to inform integrated assessment modeling and show that LED outcomes are feasible and have beneficial effects across multiple goals. But realizing the full potential in LED depends on innovation—i.e. improvement in LED technology and widespread adoption of both LED technology and behavior—as well as policies supporting innovation. We review the literature to better understand the role of technological innovation in enabling LED scenarios and how policy interventions can stimulate those innovations. We structure our review using a policy analysis framework that includes specifying multiple LED policy goals, describing the distinct characteristics of LED technology to understand policy needs. The distinct characteristics of LED innovation include multiple attributes and new services; many heterogeneous adopters; small granular scale, many iterations; local system integration; and rebound effects, among others. We also consider five important drivers of change in LED innovation: higher living standards and preferences for clean environments, urbanization, digitalization, demand for novel services and the emergence of prosumers. The analysis in this review of the literature leads to nine LED policy design guidelines.
Microzooplankton grazing and community composition in a high-productivity marine ecosystem
Authors: Wickham Stephen A , Wenta Philipp , Sinner Anita , Weiss Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems (EBUE’s) are highly productive, and due to their extensive fisheries, of major economic importance. Compared to oligotrophic systems, however, relatively little is known about the fate of primary production in these systems. In order to investigate the role of microzooplankton in grazing primary production in the Canary Current EBUE, grazing experiments were conducted as part of the Meteor M129 expedition. Water for experiments was taken from depths with the highest chlorophyll a concentrations and prescreened to remove mesozooplankton. Microzooplankton could consume between 60% and 95% of primary production, as measured by chlorophyll growth rates. When individual prey groups were examined, however, clear grazing effects were more mixed, with strong effects on nanoautotrophs and heterotrophic bacteria, varied effects on Synechococcus, and few statistically significant grazing effects on Prochlorococcus, pico-eukaryotes or heterotrophic nanoflagellates. The microplankton grazer community was diverse, with 22–33 ciliate and 10–26 dinoflagellate morphotypes. The large size range of the microplankton grazers and their high diversity resulted in a broad collective food niche and considerable niche overlap. This suggests that with sufficient diversity in the grazer community, changes in that community over the course of experiments may have minimal functional effect.
Heat stress leads to rapid lipid remodeling and transcriptional adaptations in Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes
Authors: Krawczyk Hannah Elisa , Rotsch Alexander Helmut , Herrfurth Cornelia , Scholz Patricia , Shomroni Orr , Salinas-Riester Gabriela , Feussner Ivo , Ischebeck Till 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After reaching the stigma, pollen grains germinate and form a pollen tube that transports the sperm cells to the ovule. Due to selection pressure between pollen tubes, pollen grains likely evolved mechanisms to quickly adapt to temperature changes to sustain elongation at the highest possible rate. We investigated these adaptions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes grown in vitro under 22°C and 37°C by a multi-omics approach including lipidomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis. Both glycerophospholipids and galactoglycerolipids increased in saturated acyl chains under heat stress (HS), while triacylglycerols (TGs) changed less in respect to desaturation but increased in abundance. Free sterol composition was altered, and sterol ester levels decreased. The levels of sterylglycosides and several sphingolipid classes and species were augmented. Most amino acid levels increased during HS, including the noncodogenic amino acids γ-amino butyrate and pipecolate. Furthermore, the sugars sedoheptulose and sucrose showed higher levels. Also, the transcriptome underwent pronounced changes with 1,570 of 24,013 genes being differentially upregulated and 813 being downregulated. Transcripts coding for heat shock proteins and many transcriptional regulators were most strongly upregulated but also transcripts that have so far not been linked to HS. Transcripts involved in TG synthesis increased, while the modulation of acyl chain desaturation seemed not to be transcriptionally controlled, indicating other means of regulation. In conclusion, we show that tobacco pollen tubes are able to rapidly remodel their lipidome under HS likely by post-transcriptional and/or post-translational regulation.
Competing Models
Authors: Montiel Olea José Luis , Ortoleva Pietro , Pai Mallesh M , Prat Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Different agents need to make a prediction. They observe identical data, but have different models: they predict using different explanatory variables. We study which agent believes they have the best predictive ability—as measured by the smallest subjective posterior mean squared prediction error—and show how it depends on the sample size. With small samples, we present results suggesting it is an agent using a low-dimensional model. With large samples, it is generally an agent with a high-dimensional model, possibly including irrelevant variables, but never excluding relevant ones. We apply our results to characterize the winning model in an auction of productive assets, to argue that entrepreneurs and investors with simple models will be overrepresented in new sectors, and to understand the proliferation of “factors” that explain the cross-sectional variation of expected stock returns in the asset-pricing literature.
Dual-energy CT assessment of rapid monosodium urate depletion and bone erosion remodelling during pegloticase plus methotrexate co-therapy
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Becce Fabio , Botson John K , Zhao Lin , Kumar Ada 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesPegloticase rapidly lowers serum urate in uncontrolled/refractory gout patients, with ≥1 tophus resolution in 70% of pegloticase responders and 28% of non-responders. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) non-invasively detects MSU deposition, including subclinical deposition, quantifies MSU volumes and depicts bone erosions. This report presents DECT findings in MIRROR open-label trial participants receiving pegloticase+MTX co-therapy.MethodsSerial DECT scans were obtained during pegloticase (8 mg biweekly infusions)+oral MTX (15 mg/week) co-therapy. Bilateral hand/wrist, elbow, foot/ankle and knee images were analysed with default post-processing settings. MSU volumes were quantified and bone erosions were identified and evaluated for remodelling (decreased size, sclerosis, new bone formation). DECT and physical examination findings were compared.Results2 patients underwent serial DECT. Patient 1 (44-year-old male) completed 52 weeks of pegloticase+MTX co-therapy (26 infusions). Baseline examination detected 4 tophus-affected joints while DECT identified 73 MSU-affected joints (total MSU volume: 128.76 cm3). At end-of-treatment, there were no clinically-affected joints and 4 joints with DECT-detected MSU deposition. MSU volume decreased by 99% and bone erosion remodelling was evident. Patient 2 (51-year-old male) had 10 weeks of therapy (5 infusions), discontinuing because of urate-lowering response loss. Baseline examination detected 7 tophus-affected joints while DECT identified 55 MSU-affected joints (total MSU volume: 59.20 cm3). At end-of-treatment, there were 5 clinically affected joints and 42 joints with DECT-detected MSU deposition. MSU volume decreased by 58% and bone erosion remodelling was evident.ConclusionDECT detected subclinical MSU deposition and quantified changes over time. Rapid tophus resolution and bone erosion remodelling occurred during pegloticase+MTX co-therapy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03635957.