bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yaws recurrence in children at continued risk of infection
Authors: Beiras Camila G. , Marks Michael , Quintó Llorenç , Gavilán Sergi , Kolmau Reman , Ubals Maria , Vall-Mayans Marti , Mitjà Oriol 
Published: March 2022

Background
In yaws-endemic areas, children with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue infection may suffer recurrent episodes due to either reinfection or relapse. However, the possibility of infection with other cutaneous ulcer causative agents and difficulties in interpreting standard laboratory results challenges the estimation of yaws recurrence rates.

Methods
We estimated the rates of yaws recurrences in the Lihir Island (Papua New Guinea) using two approaches: passive surveillance based on a retrospective screening of electronic medical records of cutaneous ulcers diagnosed using serological testing between 2005 and 2016, and active surveillance conducted during a cross-sectional prevalence study which included PCR analyses of ulcers of all suspected cases of yaws. The risk of recurrent infection was assessed based on data from the passive surveillance analysis and using two Cox regression models (crude and multivariate), stratified by year of index episode. Data gathered from the active surveillance was used to characterize the recurrences and no hypothesis testing was performed.

Results
The electronic medical records included 6,125 patients (7,889 ulcer episodes) with documented serological results of cutaneous ulcers of which1,486 were diagnosed with yaws. Overall, 1,246/6,125 patients (20.3%) presented more than once with a cutaneous ulcer, and 103/1,486 (6.7%) patients had multiple episodes of yaws. The risk of yaws recurrence significantly increased with age and was higher in patients with ≥3 recurrent episodes. In the active surveillance, we identified 50 individuals with recurrent cutaneous ulcer that had PCR results available for both the index and recurrent episode. Of 12 individuals with T. pallidum in the index ulcer, 8 (66%) had T. pallidum in subsequent assessments, relapse related to macrolide-resistance was identified in two of these cases.

Conclusions
Our results confirm the need for active follow-up of yaws patients after treatment, particularly children and individuals with a history of recurrence.
COVID-19 and screen-based sedentary behaviour: Systematic review of digital screen time and metabolic syndrome in adolescents
Authors: Musa Sarah , Elyamani Rowaida , Dergaa Ismail 
Published: March 2022

AimThe COVID-19 pandemic has prompted governments around the globe to implement various restriction policies, including lockdown, social distancing, and school closures. Subsequently, there has been a surge in sedentary behaviour particularly screen time (ST) together with a significant decline in physical activity that was more marked amongst children and adolescents. Excessive screen exposure in adolescents has been correlated with cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and glucose intolerance that may have adverse morbidity and mortality implications in adulthood. Thus, the current study aimed to synthesize the literature on the relationship between ST of various types and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn August 2021, a systematic search of the literature was undertaken using electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochran library. Studies were considered if they met the following key eligibility criteria: (i) Measure of ST as an exposure (TV, computer, videogames, internet, smartphone, tablet), using quantified duration/frequency either self-reported or observed; (ii) Measure of MetS as an outcome with standard definition and/or criteria required to establish MetS diagnosis. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsA total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria, and the majority were cross sectional studies. Most studies met fair bias scoring. Overall, the review revealed considerable evidence that suggests a significant negative association between ST and components of MetS among adolescents with dose-response association.ConclusionDuring the pandemic, screen usage may become more prevalent through periods of school closures, lockdowns, social isolation, and online learning classes. Public health policies and health promotion strategies targeting parents are needed to raise awareness of the adverse health effects associated with screen-based sedentary behaviour as a precursor of NCDs. Parent or home focused interventions might be effective in limiting adolescents’ screen exposure, alternatively substituted with an appropriate level of physical activity.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO 2021 CRD42021272436.
Risk factors for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Dashan , Li Yuanyuan , Zeng Hanxu , Wu Yonggui 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) is the most serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), which considerably reduces the patient’s quality of life, leading to patients discontinuing PD. Considering these negative effects, it is necessary to systematically review and determine the risk factors of EPS.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine (CBM) were searched from their inception to January 1st, 2022, and the bibliographies from the citations of relevant articles were manually searched. The ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized studies of Interventions) tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of included studies.

Results
Ten studies involving 12595 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that a younger age at PD onset (MD = -7.70, 95% CI, -11.53~-3.86), a higher transporter (MD = 0.13, 95% CI, 0.09~0.18), a longer PD duration (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI, 0.68~1.61), a longer peritonitis duration (MD = 12.66, 95% CI, 3.85~21.47), and history of glomerulonephritis (OR = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.02~1.97) were significant risk factors for EPS. However, sex, use of icodextrin, the number of peritonitis episodes, and history of multicystic kidney disease did not affect the risk of EPS.

Conclusions
This review provides a scientific basis for further understanding the etiology of PD-related EPS and improving prevention strategies. More high-quality studies are necessary to validate this paper’s findings.
Identifying the reasons for the prolongation of school construction projects in Najaf
Authors: Gashayyish Imad Jabbar , Yahya Majid Hameed , Hadi Husam Ghazi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There are several problems facing the construction industry in Iraq. Delays in construction projects affect one of the most important factors in project success, namely time. This delay causes many problems such as increasing the cost of the project, lack of timely operation, and on a larger scale, economic and social impact on the country. As being one of the metropolises of Iraq, the city of Najaf needs a lot of development projects in the development path. Public school construction projects are an example of projects needed in the city, and delays in these projects in recent years have sometimes caused the city’s schools to operate on a mixed basis. This study deals with studies and researches related to the delay of construction projects in other countries, and after interviews and surveys of construction industry stakeholders in Iraq, new factors have been obtained and finally, using the opinions of the mentioned experts, prioritizing the factors extracted from both identified the source and the five main causes of project delays, including late payment to the contractor, design errors, construction length errors, problems with neighbors, and inexperience of contractors. In the next step, the amount of delay due to the main factors identified in the projects was analyzed using the official documents of 30 sample projects from the statistical population of completed school construction projects in Najaf city. Statistics on the amount of delay caused by factors and comparing it with some indicators, the need to use contractors with better ratings, skilled manpower, experienced project managers, and the number of sufficient engineers at the project site were presented.
Comparison of the modified polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography methods in determining LDL size
Authors: Cihan Murat , Tsukamoto Hideko , Serdar Muhittin , Erbil M. Kemal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to compare modified Krauss polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (PAGGE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods in classification, quantification, and separation of lipoproteins and determining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size.

Methods
Blood specimens were obtained from eighty-seven volunteers. We measured LDL size using the PAGGE method and HPLC method with total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) peaks. In the PAGGE method, Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining was used instead of Sudan black staining, unlike the original method. The relationship between PAGGE and HPLC methods was evaluated by Pearson correlation test and Passing-Bablok regression analysis. Agreement between them was evaluated by Kappa analysis and Bland-Altman plots.

Results
Statistically significant correlation was found between the LDL size with PAGGE and HPLC methods under the cholesterol curve (HPLC-TC) (r=0.924, p<0.001). Similarly, there was a statistically significant correlation between PAGGE and HPLC methods under the TG curve (HPLC-TG) (r=0.910, p<0.001). In the PAGGE method, within-day precision was found as 2% and between-day precision as 3%. It was determined agreement between HPLC-TC vs. HPLC-TG methods and HPLC-TG vs. PAGGE methods was higher than HPLC-TC vs. PAGGE (Kappa values; 0.68, 0.71, and 0.44, respectively).

Conclusions
The PAGGE method can be a reliable method for measuring LDL size. HPLC method under cholesterol and triglyceride peaks may be used in clinical practice interchangeably, but clinical decision limits should be different. In addition, our study demonstrated that measurement methods for LDL size could be simplified with several modifications.
La celtisation de la péninsule Ibérique à la lumière de la toponymie et de laCeltic from the West hypothesis
Authors: Timmermann Jörg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe central aim of this paper is to trace back the celtization of the Iberian Peninsula, mainly on the basis of toponymic evidence. On this basis, there is evidence for two waves of celtization. As we shall see, the manifestation of Celtic in the south-western part of the peninsula is more consistent with theCeltic from the West hypothesisthan with the traditional viewpoint that the Celts came exclusively from Central Europe. In this connection, special attention is paid to the putative celticity both of the Tartessian language and of the suffix -essos. Likewise, Renfrew’s hypothesis that Indo-European originated in Asia Minor is in full harmony with the apparent origin of -essosin Asia Minor.
Agilität durch virtuelle Fabriken
Authors: Schuh Günther , Müller Stefan , Levering Volker 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Durch die unternehmensübergreifende Zusammenarbeit in virtuellen Fabriken können sich die Partnerunternehmen Zusatzgeschäfte erschließen. Dazu bilden sie ein Netzwerk, verabreden Spielregeln und organisieren einen gemeinsamen Marktauftritt. Sie erscheinen gegenüber dem Kunden wie ein großes Unternehmen. Die Partnerunternehmen können so schneller und konsequenter auf die Kundenwünsche eingehen, ohne daß sie diese Flexibilitäten durch eigene überkapazitäten vorhalten müssen, daß heißt, sie werden agiler.
Szenariobasiertes Technologie-management
Authors: Gausemeier Jürgen , Fink Alexander , Riepe Bernd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zur nachhaltigen Sicherung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit müssen sich Unternehmen intensiv mit den Produkten und Märkten von morgen befassen. Zur konsequenten Umsetzung ihrer Produkt- und Geschäftsstrategien müssen sie Erfolgspotentiale identifizieren und erschließen. Viele Erfolgspotentiale ergeben sich aus einer rechtzeitigen Beherrschung und wirtschaftlichen Nutzung neuer Technologien. Mit dem szenariobasierten Technologie-management liegt eine Methodik vor, die die zukunftsorientierte Auswahl von Technologien unter Berücksichtigung zukünftiger Marktleistungen und Umfeldentwicklungen ermöglicht.
Serienfertiger ist nicht gleich Serienfertiger
Authors: Strugalla Reinhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Das Planen und Realisieren von geeigneten, der jeweils neuen Situation angepaßten Produktionskonzepten ist eine permanente Aufgabenstellung der Unternehmen. In diesem Artikel wird gezeigt, daß Serienfertiger, obwohl sie gleichermaßen dem gängigen Merkmalsschema entsprechen, ihre Supply Chain deutlich unterschiedlich anlegen müssen, um den jeweiligen Kundenanforderungen gerecht zu werden. Auch bezüglich der Ausprägung der Produktionsstrukturen kann man deutliche Unterschiede erkennen.
Agile Produktion als Antwort auf den Wandel der Märkte
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart , Schröder Carsten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Den sich stetig wandelnden Marktbedingungen kann mit Hilfe agiler Produktionssysteme begegnet werden. Diese basieren auf dem Zusammenwirken menschlicher, organisatorischer sowie technologischer Potentiale. Die Rückbesinnung auf eigene Leistungsstärken in Verbindung mit der entsprechenden Flexibilität auf geänderte Anforderungen schneller als der Wettbewerber zu reagieren, ist die Grundlage für eine zukunftssichere Produktion am Standort Deutschland.
Gestaltung effizienter Produktentstehungsprozesse
Authors: Doege Eckart , Brüning Jochen , Köster Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Durch neue Zulieferformen steigt der Leistungsumfang auf seiten der Zulieferer. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Situation von Einzelteillieferanten und stellt am Beispiel der Schmiedeindustrie eine neue Methode zur Gestaltung der Produktentstehung vor.
Personaleinsatzplanung
Authors: Dangelmaier Wilhelm , Kress Stephan , Schekelmann Andreé , Wenski Rüdiger 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Voraussetzungen eines wissensbasierten Verfahrens für das Problem der Zuordnung von arbeitsteiligen Aufgaben (bzw. deren einzelne Aktivitäten) zu Mitarbeitern in technischen Funktionsbereichen unter Berücksichtigung dezentraler Arbeitsplätze diskutiert und darauf aufbauend die Anwendbarkeit eines solchen Verfahrens vorgeschlagen.
Küzdelem a történetedért
Authors: Erdei Krisztina 
Published: March 2022

Jellemző tendencia, hogy kortárs képzőművészek az elmúlt 11–15 évben kutatásalapú műveket valósítanak meg, melyek más tudományterületek módszertanait felhasználva, társadalom- vagy akár természettudományos szakemberekkel együttműködésben jönnek létre. Ezek egy része az emlékezetkutatás interdiszciplináris tudományterületének keretein belül értelmezhető. Az így létrejött tudásanyag a posztmodern hatására kialakult, szerteágazó történelemtudatunkat, kollektív emlékezetünket árnyalja. Az emlékezetkutató művész matériája a tényadat, melyet választott mód- szerekkel és technológiával szereznek meg az alkotók. A művészek azért fordulnak az emlékezetkutatás felé, mert a környezetükben élő közösségek viszonyrendszerét szeretnék mélyebben megérteni. A művész a folyamatban nem csupán médiumként vesz részt, akin mintegy átfolynak a reflektorfénybe állított közösségek történetei, hanem olyan kreatív alkotóként, aki a vizsgált közösségtől kapott bizalomnak köszönhetően a személyes emlékezet elfeledésre ítélt mozzanatait a kollektív emlékezet számára megnyitja és kontextusba helyezi. A megőrzési kényszer tehát egy demokratikus szelekcióval párosul a művész praxisában.
Fotó: A szerző felvétele
Nyersanyagból történetek. Spanyol polgárháborús sajtóillusztrációk a harmincas évek Magyarországán
Authors: Fisli Éva 
Published: March 2022

A sajtófotók transznacionális terjedésének mikéntjét vizsgálva nem csupán a vizuális nyersanyagok terjesztését, hanem a képügynökségek átpolitizálódását is nyomon követhetjük; utóbbiak egyszerre alkottak nemzetközi kereskedelmi hálózatot és voltak maguk is, az 1920-as évek végétől kezdve világszerte, – különféle módon és mértékben – alakítói az általuk kiszolgált társadalmak sajtójának és közvéleményének. A sajtófotó egyfelől tehát sajtóillusztrációként vizsgálható; a különféle újságokban megjelent oldalakon a kép és szöveg viszonya sokat elárul a képek felhasználásának és a politikai hangsúlyok alakításának módjairól. Másfelől a már megszűnt képes magazinok fennmaradt archívumaiban – így a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Történeti Fényképtárában, az általam kezelt nemzetközi gyűjteményben – maguk a szerkesztéshez használt press printek is fellelhetők: rajtuk keresztül követhetővé válik a munkafolyamat, amely során a papír pozitívok többnyire retusálva, megvágva, átszövegezve kerültek a nyilvánosság elé. Írásomban a felhasznált fotók – negatívok és sajtóillusztrációk közötti – köztes helyzete, a verziókon hordozott, megfejthető jelek és nyomok, múzeumi használatra szánt későbbi reprodukcióik, végsősoron az őket válogató, alakító (szerkesztői) és megőrző (archiváló) gyakorlat érdekel. Legfőképpen pedig az, mihez kezdhet a fényképekkel ma a történetírás.
Fotó: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum
Identitás – fotó – dizájn
Authors: Fogarasi Klára 
Published: March 2022

A személyes identitás kifejezésére a fényképezés műfajaiban sok lehetőség kínálkozik (a hivatásos fényképészek portréitól napjaink selfijéig). Teljesen más jellegű, összetettebb tartalmi és formai elemeket ötvöző képi műfaj a tablókép: ahol festői, grafikai eszközök, szövegek környezetében jelennek meg a portrék. De a létrehozás módjában is más a tabló: tudatos tervezéssel, nem hirtelen ötlettől vezérelve készül. Igazi jelentősége azonban a közösségi identitás képi kifejezésében, illetve ennek egyedi megformálásában rejlik.
Identitásunk formálódásának fontos állomása a diákévek befejezése, a felnőttkor kezdete. Rituális események sora kíséri (ballagás, érettségi vizsgák, felvételi: szigorú figyelmet igénylő megmérettetések; komoly, vidám, tréfás történések).
A 21. században a naponta bővülő technikai lehetőségek közepette minden eseményről pillanatképek milliói készülhetnek, a tablókép-készítés szokása mégis él és virul, melyekre tízezrek szavaznak a facebook versenyeken. A tablókép akár az utolsó pillanatait élő közösségi összetartozás vizuális dokumentuma, akár egyéni kreativitás, vagy üzleti vállalkozás terméke; formailag akár egyedi és sokszorosított, tárgyi mivoltában létező vagy virtuális jelenség, célját tekintve többfunkciós tárgy, mert közszemlére kerül. Ellátja az adott intézmény képviseletét a szélesebb nyilvánosság előtt az utcai kirakatokban egy adott időszakban; majd képviseli a távozókat később az iskola falain a helyi kisközösségben az iskola fennállásáig; és képviseli az osztály egészét önmaguk előtt a privát képhasználatban.
Rituális tárgy a tablókép, emlék-jel: a közösségi és privát képanyag fontos része, mely jelentős átalakuláson megy át napjainkban is a digitális kor lehetőségeit követve. A sokszor meghökkentő látványosságra törekvő tablók ma már nem csupán egy lokális vagy szakmai identitás vizuális kifejezését tartják fontosnak, egyre gyakrabban jelennek meg például a planetáris tudatra utaló képi elemek és utalások.

A tablóképet készítette: Lipcsei Máté
Association Between Procalcitonin and Antibiotics in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Sekmen Mert , Johnson Jakobi , Zhu Yuwei , Sartori Laura F. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Stassun Justine , Arnold Donald H. , Ampofo Krow , Robison Jeff , Gesteland Per H. , Pavia Andrew T. , Williams Derek J. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether empirical antibiotic initiation and selection for children with pneumonia was associated with procalcitonin (PCT) levels when results were blinded to clinicians.

METHODS
We enrolled children &lt;18 years with radiographically confirmed pneumonia at 2 children’s hospitals from 2014 to 2019. Blood for PCT was collected at enrollment (blinded to clinicians). We modeled associations between PCT and (1) antibiotic initiation and (2) antibiotic selection (narrow versus broad-spectrum) using multivariable logistic regression models. To quantify potential stewardship opportunities, we calculated proportions of noncritically ill children receiving antibiotics who also had a low likelihood of bacterial etiology (PCT &lt;0.25 ng/mL) and those receiving broad-spectrum therapy, regardless of PCT level.

RESULTS
We enrolled 488 children (median PCT, 0.37 ng/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 0.11–2.38); 85 (17%) received no antibiotics (median PCT, 0.32; IQR, 0.09–1.33). Among the 403 children receiving antibiotics, 95 (24%) received narrow-spectrum therapy (median PCT, 0.24; IQR, 0.08–2.52) and 308 (76%) received broad-spectrum (median PCT, 0.46; IQR, 0.12–2.83). In adjusted analyses, PCT values were not associated with antibiotic initiation (odds ratio [OR], 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97%–1.06%) or empirical antibiotic selection (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97%–1.17%). Of those with noncritical illness, 246 (69%) were identified as potential targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions.

CONCLUSION
Neither antibiotic initiation nor empirical antibiotic selection were associated with PCT values. Whereas other factors may inform antibiotic treatment decisions, the observed discordance between objective likelihood of bacterial etiology and antibiotic use suggests important opportunities for stewardship.
Yaşlılarda beden kütle indeksinin denge ve yürüme özelliklerine etkisi
Authors: TOMRUK Murat , YEŞİL Ümit , ATEŞ BULUT Esra , IŞIK Ahmet Turan , GELECEK Nihal 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlılarda beden kütle indeksinin (BKİ) denge ve yürüme özelliklerini ne yönde etkilediğinin
araştırılmasıydı.
Yöntem: Yüz beş geriatrik birey BKİ’ye göre üç gruba ayrıldı: Normal (18,5&lt;BKİ&lt;24,9, n=30), pre-obez (25,0&lt;BKİ&lt;29,9, n=47), obez (30&lt;BKİ, n=28). Denge ile ilgili değişkenlerin (statik denge, dinamik denge, duyusal etkileşimli denge)
ölçümünde Biodex Denge Sistemi kullanıldı. Yürüme hızı 4m yürüme testi ile ölçüldü, adım uzunluğu ve tempo hesaplandı.
Gruplar arası farkların analizi için Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanıldı (p&lt;0,05).Bulgular: Gruplar arasında postüral stabilite indeksi, anteroposterior (AP) indeksi, mediolateral (ML) indeksi, gözler açık sert
zemin (GASZ) denge ve gözler kapalı sert zemin (GKSZ) denge açısından anlamlı farklar olduğu görüldü (p&lt;0,05). Post-hoc
analiz sonuçlarına göre pre-obezlerin postüral stabilite indeksi, AP indeksi, ML indeksi ve GASZ dengesi BKİ normal olanlara
göre anlamlı olarak daha kötüydü (sırasıyla; p=0,008, p=0,014, p=0,005, p&lt;0,001). Obezlerin GKSZ dengesi hem BKİ normal
olanlara hem de pre-obezlere göre anlamlı olarak daha kötü iken (sırasıyla; p&lt;0,001, p=0,005), GASZ dengesi de BKİ normal
olanlara göre daha kötüydü (p=0,001). Ayrıca obezlerin adım uzunluğu pre-obezlere göre anlamlı olarak daha kısaydı
(p=0,008).
Sonuç: Yüksek beden kütle indeksine sahip yaşlıların statik dengelerinin daha kötü ve obez yaşlıların adım uzunluklarının daha
kısa olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar yaşlıların denge ve yürüme özelliklerini, sahip oldukları BKİ’ye göre tahmin etmeye
yardımcı olabilir.