bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of micro-implant in vertical control during orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Jing , Lei Yahui , Liu Yucheng , Chen Jianming , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare the effectiveness of micro-implant (MI) and conventional anchorage (CA) in vertical control during orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion.
Materials and Methods
Literature search was conducted through Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine (CBM) from inception to December 2021. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and Compared clinical trials (CCTs) were included. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted. A meta-analysis concerning change of mandibular plane, vertical change of upper and lower molar, change of occlusal plane, SNB, chin position and profile was carried out.
Results
A total of 10662 records were identified in the database search, A total of 19 studies (10 RCTs and 9 CCTs) were included in the final analysis. MI significantly decreased mandibular plane angle and intruded upper molars compared to CA. No significant difference was found in vertical change of lower molars, occlusal plane, SNB, chin position and profile.
Conclusion
MI seems to be more effective than CA in vertical control during orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion. Clinical Relevance MI should be given priority when considering the vertical control of Class II patients, which is beneficial to the counterclockwise rotation of mandible or at least prevention of deterioration of the profile.
Equipment to tag, track and collect biopsies from whales and dolphins: the ARTS, DFHorten and LKDart systems
Authors: Kleivane Lars , Kvadsheim Petter Helgevold , Bocconcelli Alex , Øien Nils , Miller Patrick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Of all animals considered subjects for instrumentation for behavioral or physiological studies, cetaceans probably represent the greatest challenge to the engineer and biologist. Both the marine environment being harsh to electronics and the short time window available to attach instruments imply a need for innovative tagging solutions to facilitate better understanding of their life cycle, migration, physiology, behavior, health and genetics. Several sensor packages holding specific data loggers e.g., time depth recorders, position, orientation, acoustic and video recorders for short to medium term studies, as well as tags developed for large scale migration telemetry studies are available as off-the-shelf devices, or in many cases as custom made sensor packages. Deployment of those instruments is often the limiting factor for data collection. The Aerial Remote Tag System (ARTS) is a flexible system which can easily be adapted to deploy different tag sensor packages and biopsy collection devices. This paper presents the history and design of the ARTS, and accessories developed for instrumentation and biopsy sampling of cetaceans, such as the recent developed ARTS-LKDart for biopsy sampling. Deployment of archival tags usually requires radio tracking of the instrumented animal, or at least tracking of the tag for recovery. Thus, we also here describe the digital signal processing radio direction finder, Direction Finder Horten (DFHorten unit).
Prediction of the minimum effective size of a population viable in the long term
Authors: Pérez-Pereira Noelia , Wang Jinliang , Quesada Humberto , Caballero Armando 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The establishment of the minimum size for a viable population (MVP) has been used as a guidance in conservation practice to determine the extinction risks of populations and species. A consensus MVP rule of 50/500 individuals has been attained, according to which a minimum effective population size of Ne = 50 is needed to avoid extinction due to inbreeding depression in the short term, and of Ne = 500 to survive in the long term. However, the large inbreeding loads (B) usually found in nature, as well as the consideration of selection affecting genetic diversity, have led to suggest that those numbers should be doubled (100/1000). However, none of these modified rules have considered the consequences of purging of deleterious mutations. In a previous simulation study, the reduction of B by the action of purging pointed towards a MVP intermediate between the two previous rules for short term survival. Here, we focused on the consequences of purging in the establishment of MVPs for long term survival. We performed computer simulations of populations under the action of purging, drift, new mutation, and environmental effects on fitness to investigate the extinction times and the loss of genetic diversity. Our results indicate that purging can reduce the MVP needed for a population to persist in the long term, with estimates close to Ne = 500 for species with moderately large reproductive rates. However, MVP values appear to be of at least Ne = 1000 when the species´ reproductive rates are low.
Bromhexine, for post exposure COVID-19 prophylaxis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Control Trial
Authors: Tolouian Ramin , Moradi Omid , Mulla Zuber D. , Ziaie Shadi , Haghighi Mehrdad , Esmaily Hadi , Amini Hossein , Hassanpour Rezvan , Pourheidar Elham , Kouchek Mehran , Manafi-Rasi Alireza , Sali Shahnaz , Abolghasemi Sara , Tehrani Shabnam , Tolouian Audrey C. , Zali Alireza , Sistanizad Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Limited number of medications are available for the post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 infection. Whether bromhexine can prevent or mitigate symptomatic infection after virus exposure is undetermined.
Methods
A multi-center randomized; double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. The 372 adults (≥ 18 years) who had close contact within 4 days with a household member with confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned to receive bromhexine (n = 187) or placebo (n = 185) three times a day for two weeks. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of hospitalization or death, the incidence of confirmed COVID-19 detection by PCR in symptomatic patients and presence of adverse drug reactions.
Results
The incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 was significantly lower in individuals who received bromhexine than in those who received the placebo (16 [8.6%] vs 34 [18.4%], relative risk = 0.47, p = 0.005). PCR-confirmation was reported in 13 (7.0%) and 26 (14.1%) of the individuals in the bromhexine and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.025), with a relative risk reduction of 50%. The hospitalization rate, death and medication side effects did not vary significantly between the bromhexine or placebo arms.
Conclusion
Bromhexine is an effective, non-invasive, and affordable agent with a low side-effect profile to prevent symptomatic COVID-19. Early use of bromhexine potentially provides another layer of protection and hence it can play a prominent role in ending the pandemic especially given the emergence of new variants and the vaccination challenges faced by developing countries.
P2X4R/p38 signaling pathway in the spinal cord contribute to hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathic pain
Authors: Qu Siying , Wang Hanzhi , Hu Qunqi , Ma Yiqi , Kang Yurong , Ma Liqian , Li Xiang , Chen Luhang , Liu Boyu , Shao Xiaomei , Liu Boyi , Du Junying , Liang Yi , Zhao Hongli , Jiang Yongliang , Fang Jianqiao , He Xiaofen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Management of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), a prevalent, refractory diabetic complication, remains a challenge. Previous research evidences have implicated microglia P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) in occurrence and development of DNP. To date, however, the specific mechanism of microglia P2X4R action in DNP needs to be further explored. We elucidated the role and underlying mechanism of microglia P2X4R in DNP. The DNP rat model was established by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). DNP rats developed thermal hyperalgesia from day 14. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyse revealed that microglia, P2X4R, p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK), and downstream targets brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were upregulated in the spinal cord. In addition, a P2X4R antagonist 5-BDBD and a microglia inhibitor minocycline (mino) not only alleviated DNP, but also suppressed P2X4R, microglia, p-p38 MAPK, BDNF, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the spinal cord. Based on these findings, it was evident that central pain sensitization in DNP occurs via the microglia P2X4R/p38 signaling pathway, while p-p38 MAPK activates microglia to release BDNF, TNF-α and IL-1β in spinal cords. These results demonstrate that P2X4R/p38 signaling pathway in microglia residing in the spinal cord contribute to the establishment and long term maintenance of DNP and that these represent potential targets for pain therapy.
Relationship between increased systemic immune-inflammation index and coronary slow flow phenomenon.
Authors: Dai Xin-tong , Kong Tian-zhong , Zhang Xiao-jiao , Luan Bo , Wang Yong , Hou Ai-jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio), a new marker of inflammation, is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, but its relationship with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SII and CSFP. Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients who presented with chest pain, with normal/near-normal coronary angiography findings (n=89 as CSFP group; n=167 as control group). The baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters and angiographic characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results: SII levels were significantly higher in the CSFP group than in the control group (409.7 ± 17.7 vs. 396.7 ± 12.7, p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation between SII and the mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (mTFC) was found (r = 0.624, p <0.001). SII increased with the number of coronary arteries involved in CSFP. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SII/10 was an independent predictor of CSFP (odds ratio: 1.739, P <0.001). In addition, the SII level > 404.29 was a predictor of CSFP with 67.4% sensitivity and 71.9% specificity. Conclusions: SII can predict the occurrence of CSFP.
Recommended System Optimization in Social Networks based on Cooperative Filter with Deep MVR Algorithm
Authors: Gao Qiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Today, social networks have become very popular due to their high usage in communicating with each other. But this popularity requires the development of backend to communicate with each other. Hence, a topic called identifying users is created by making recommendations or propositional systems, and so on, link prediction. The most important issue is the new users' social networks, so that they can offer suggestions. In this research, we tried to provide a system of recommendations for introducing new users to previous users and vice versa based on the principles of machine learning. The proposed method is that the data is entered into the program and then the keywords are extracted from them. Then a sampling between the data is performed based on the Pearson and Cronbach method. In the process of extraction operations along with diminishing dimensions, selection and finally extraction of the best features is done using the cooperative filter which named here based on deep learning- Modified Vector Rotational (MVR) algorithm and its operators. In the following, due to the lack of probabilistic and statistical training of the Deep and Reinforcement Learning with random structure that is used to select users and also to offer users with respect to the tastes of the extracted, there is an optimization algorithm for MVR consider the best features with training. In the following, a series of evaluation criteria have been used to ensure the proposed approach, indicating the appropriate results of the proposed method.
Exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A combined cardiopulmonary exercise test –echocardiographic study
Authors: Re Federica , Halasz Geza , Moroni Francesco , Beltrami Matteo , Baratta Pasquale , Avella Andrea , Zachara Elisabetta , Olivotto Iacopo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), documented in a significant portion of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, has been shown to adversely impact prognosis. In most HCM patients congestive symptoms are consistently elicited by exercise, thus suggesting the need for a provocative test to assess cardiac hemodynamics during effort. Combining cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with echocardiography, we aimed to evaluate the presence of exercise induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (EiPAH), its role in functional limitation and its prognostic significance in a cohort of patients with obstructive and non-obstructive HCM.Methods: study population included 182 HCM patients evaluated combining CPET and stress echocardiography. Left-ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocities, trans-tricuspid gradient, and cardiopulmonary variables were continuously measured. Results: Thirty-seven patients (20%) developed EiPAH, defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP)>40 mmHg during exercise. EiPAH was associated with lower exercise performance, larger left atrial volumes, higher LVOT gradient and higher VE/VCO2 slope. At multivariable analysis baseline sPAP (p<0.0001) and baseline LVOT obstruction (p=0.028) were significantly associated with EiPAH. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed EiPAH was a significant predictor of HCM-related morbidity (Hazard Ratio: 6.21, 95% CI 1.47-26.19; p=0.05; 4.21 ,95% CI 1.94-9.12; p<0.001 for the primary and the secondary endpoint respectively). Conclusion: EiPAH was present in about one fifth of HCM patients without evidence of elevated pulmonary pressures at rest and was associated with adverse clinical outcome. Diagnosing EiPAH by exercise echocardiography/CPET may help physicians to detect early stage of PAH thus allowing a closer clinical monitoring and individualized therapies
Special functions and multi-stability of the Jensen type random operator equation in C*-algebras via fixed point
Authors: Aderyani Safoura Rezaei , Saadati Reza , Li Chenkuan , Rassias Themistocles M. , Park Choonkil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
See manuscript PDF for complete Abstract:In this paper, we apply some special functions to introduce a new class of control functions which help us define the concept of multi-stability. Further, we investigate the multi-stability of homomorphisms in C*-algebras and Lie C*-algebras and multi-stability of derivations in C*-algebras and Lie C*-algebras for the following random operator equation via fixed point methods:\[ \mu f(\eth, \frac{x+y}{2}) + \mu f(\eth,\frac{x-y}{2}) = f(\eth ,\mu x) .\]In particular for $\mu = 1$, the above equation turns out to be Jensen's random operator equation.
Detection and Evaluation of Breed-specific SNPs and Minor allele frequency in Ethiopian Indigenous and European Beef Cattle Breeds
Authors: Mengistie Dejenie , Edea Zewdu , Tesema Tesfaye sisay , Dejene Genet , Jemal Jeilu , Dessie Tadelle , Kim Kwan Suk , Samuel Behailu , Dadi Hailu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Understanding the genetic foundation of locally adapted indigenous cattle breeds is critical information for developing appropriate genetic improvement and conservation methods and initiatives.
Methods
To investigate breed-specific SNPs, and minor allele frequency in three Ethiopian cattle breeds Begait, (n = 40), Boran (n = 40), and Fogera (n = 43) were genotyped with a high-density 80K SNP array. Three European beef cattle breeds (Angus, n = 42), Hereford (n = 35), and Charolais (n = 37) were also used for comparison. The SNP markers were screened for a call rate of ≥ 90%, a minor allele frequency (MAF) of > 0.01, and a sample call rate of > 90%.
Results
The average minor allele frequency was 0.19 ± 0.17, 0.20 ± 0.17, 0.21 ± 0.17, 0.31 ± 0.13, 0.32 ± 0.12, 0.32 ± 0.13 for Angus, Herford, Charolais, Boran, Fogera, and Begait cattle, respectively. Minor allele frequency significance difference was observed between Ethiopian indigenous and European beef cattle breeds. Across the Ethiopian and European cattle breeds, a common variant minor allele frequency (≥ 0.10 and ≤ 0.5) accounted for an overall estimated 94% and 62%, of the SNPs respectively. A total of 7759 and 48 SNPs were identified as breed-specific in the Ethiopian cattle breeds and European beef cattle respectively. These specific SNPs resided with 3364 genes for Ethiopian cattle breeds and 17 genes for European beef cattle breeds. According to Gene Ontology analysis, interestingly important biological processes and pathways related to tropical adaptation were detected in Ethiopian cattle breeds.
Conclusions
The higher minor allele frequency and breed-specific SNPs detected in Ethiopian indigenous breeds show the presence of high genetic variability. This genetic variation in Ethiopian cattle breeds is used as a potential source for future breeding programs.
Embryonic nutritional hyperglycemia decreases cell proliferation in the zebrafish retina
Authors: Hernández-Núñez Ismael , Vivero-Lopez Maria , Quelle-Regaldie Ana , DeGrip Willem J. , Sánchez Laura , Concheiro Angel , Alvarez-Lorenzo Carmen , Candal Eva , Barreiro-Iglesias Antón 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. While there is a major focus on the study of juvenile/adult DR, the effects of hyperglycemia during early retinal development are less well studied. Recent works in embryonic zebrafish models of nutritional hyperglycemia revealed that hyperglycemia leads to decreased cell numbers of mature retinal cell types, which has been related to a modest increase in apoptotic cell death and altered cell differentiation (Singh et al. 2019; Titialii-Torres and Morris 2022). However, how embryonic hyperglycemia impacts cell proliferation in developing retinas remains still unknown. Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos to 50 mM glucose from 10 hours postfertilization (hpf) to 5 days postfertilization (dpf). First, we confirmed that hyperglycemia increases apoptotic death and decreases the rod and Müller glia population in the retina of 5 dpf zebrafish. Interestingly, the increase in cell death was mainly observed in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), where most of the proliferating cells are located. To analyze the impact of hyperglycemia in cell proliferation, mitotic activity was first quantified using pH3 immunolabeling, which revealed a significant decrease in mitotic cells in the retina (mainly in the CMZ) at 5 dpf. A significant decrease in cell proliferation in the outer nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the central retina in hyperglycemic animals was also detected using the proliferation marker PCNA. Overall, our results show that nutritional hyperglycemia decreases cellular proliferation in the developing retina, which could contribute significantly to the decline in the number of mature retinal cells.
Distributed Identification of Central Nodes with Less Communication
Authors: Masakuna Jordan F. , Kafunda Pierre K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper is concerned with distributed detection of central nodes in complex networks using closeness centrality. Closeness centrality plays an essential role in network analysis. Evaluating closeness centrality exactly requires complete knowledge of the network; for large networks, this may be inefficient, so closeness centrality should be approximated. Distributed tasks such as leader election can make effective use of centrality information for highly central nodes, but complete network information is not locally available. This paper refines a distributed centrality computation algorithm by You et al. [24] by pruning nodes which are almost certainly not most central. For example, in a large network, leave nodes can not play a central role. This leads to a reduction in the number of messages exchanged to determine the centrality of the remaining nodes. Our results show that our approach reduces the number of messages for networks which contain many prunable nodes. Our results also show that reducing the number of messages may have a positive impact on running time and memory size.
Gastric lymphoma and spontaneous remission associated with co-infection of COVID-19 and undefined typical bacterial agent.
Authors: Kurmanova Gaukhar , Bossatbekov Yerkebulan , Alimanova Zhanna , Tankayeva Sholpan , Bugibaeva Akbota , Sarawata Abhishek , Singh Kajal , Abbas Fuza Adhur Manhuvalappa , Singh Neetu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Article shows a clinical experience with the patient with primary gastric lymphoma, and it shows reduction of the lymphoma condition into the spontaneous remission, after community-acquired pneumonia, which was associated with co-infection of COVID-19 and undefined typical bacterial agent. The positive response happened on the standard antibacterial and basic symptomatically treatment. Case presentation: A 65-years-old woman was admitted by ambulance to the emergency department with sever condition. In time of hospitalization the patient has been diagnosed with primary gastric lymphoma, ulcer form, with signs of ongoing capillary bleeding, chronic bronchitis, diabetes militias type 2 complicated hypoglycaemic condition associated with metformin, thrombocytopenic syndrome, normochromic anaemia. The condition was confirmed by laboratory and instrumental investigation. Conclusion: Article shows extremely positive response up to disappearing of ulcer, which was associated with lymphoproliferative disorder. The condition of that was associated with highly cytokines production with anti-tumor effect.