bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post Vaccination Effects of m-RNA Covid-19 Vaccine & Its Efficacy with Detailed Self-Reported Symptoms from Healthcare Workers and General Population in Central Gujarat
Authors: Patel Hiren , Patel Hetul , Dholakia Kartik , Shah Takshil , Shah Saloni , Saiyed Farhin 
Published: February 2022

Background & Aim: Concerns are prevailing about the safety and side effects of the mRNA vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hence a study aiming the effectiveness of vaccine, post vaccination symptoms, natural progression of infection in the individuals was performed.
Methods: A randomized, cross-sectional survey was performed comprising the 757 individuals from the pool of 1000 people, to investigate the side effects of the vaccines using an independent online questionnaire gathering responses from healthcare workers (HCWs) and general population with detailed review of organ systems.
Results: A total of 757 people responded, led us to the point where 476 people (62.87 %) of people experiencing minimum one symptom following the first dose of either of the two vaccine, in comparison to 188 responses (24.8%) of people experiencing at least one symptom following second dose of either of the two vaccine.
Conclusion: Commonly reported symptoms (occurrence in descending order) were soreness, fatigue, myalgia, headache, chills, fever, joint pain, nausea, muscle spasm, sweating, dizziness, flushing, feelings of relief, brain fogging, anorexia, localized swelling, decreased sleep quality, itching, tingling, diarrhea, nasal stuffiness and palpitations. Despite this, remarkable acceptance for the second dose of the m-RNA Covid vaccine was found among all the individuals.
Prospective Cross-sectional Study of Intrauterine Insemination with Hydrotubation in Women with Infertility
Authors: Deo Asawari , Srivastava Deepti , Shekhawat Harsha , Shelke Uttara 
Published: February 2022

Background: Hydrotubation is the instillation of a solution of medicine through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes under pressure into the peritoneal cavity. It has little value to test whether or not the tubes are blocked in the investigation of infertility and therapeutically to flush or clean the fallopian tubes.
Methods: Sixty women with unexplained infertility were scheduled randomly for hydrotubation either with normal saline or low dose Lidocaine in saline,prior to the procedure patient were given antibiotic coverage with tab.doxycycline. Hydrotubation was carried out one day before intrauterine insemination in clomiphene citrate stimulated cycle. Outcome measures were rates of pregnancy, first trimester abortion, ectopic pregnancy and multiple pregnancy.
Results: There were higher clinical pregnancy rates in Lidocaine group which when compared with saline group but statistically no significant difference found.
Conclusion: Hydrotubation with low dose Lidocaine 1% in saline one day before IUI allowed a higher pregnancy rate when compared to saline alone in couples with unexplained infertility.
A Study Protocol for Assessment of Outcomes of Adjuvant versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage-IIIA of Breast Cancer
Authors: Raju Poosapati D. Devasilpa , Shinde Raju K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) includes stage III along with stage IV breast cancer and consists of operable and inoperable advanced breast cancer and metastatic disease. LABC is among the most common breast malignancies with increasing incidence now a days. In India, it accounts for 30-35% of all cases. The use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for the treatment of LABC offers benefits like initiation of early systemic treatment, the drugs can be delivered via intact vasculature, the tumours can be down staged which helps to convert inoperable tumours into operable tumours and renders tumours suitable for breast conserving surgery (BCS). This study is aimed to compare the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy using taxane based drugs for locally advanced breast cancers.
Methodology: This was an observational study will be undertaken in AVBRH. Total 40 patients will be enrolled in the study. Confirmed patients of breast malignancy either by FNAC or true cut histopathology with advanced breast malignancy confirmed on FNAC or true cut histopathology and planned for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy will be included in the study. For all the patients HER2, PR and ER status will be checked via immunohistopathology. Data will be analysed with appropriate statistical tests.
Results: We expect neoadjuvant chemotherapy to have better surgical outcomes compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Neoadjuvant paclitaxel based chemotherapy can be a better option for patients undergoing BCS (breast conserving surgery).
Correlation of Periodontal Status and Salivary Flow in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Central India Population: A Study Protocol
Authors: Kewalramani Muskan , Jaiswal Priyanka , Agrawal Diksha 
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the commonest premalignant condition is Oral Submucous Fibrosis. The main etiology is consumption of areca nut and its products which leads to reduced mouth opening (Trismus) and reduction in the salivary flow (Xerostomia). Both these conditions eventually result in periodontal destruction.
Objectives: The purpose of this research is to see if there is a link between periodontal health and salivary flow in OSMF patients.
Methodology: 50 patients each clinically diagnosed as chronic periodontitis with and without OSMF will be enrolled in test and control group respectively. Plaque Index, Papillary Bleeding Index, Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Gingival Recession (REC) will be compared in both the group for assessment of the result. Saliva that has not been stimulated will be collected using a funnel in a calibrated beaker in both the groups.
Results: Patients with OSMF and chronic periodontitis will have reduced salivary flow and a compromised periodontal status whereas chronic periodontitis patients without OSMF will have normal salivary flow and comparatively less periodontal destruction.
Conclusion: OSMF is precancerous condition which leads to xerostomia and may result in periodontal destruction and therefore OSMF condition should be identified and treated as early as possible.
Mortality and Mechanical Ventilation among Critically Ill Patients of COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chidambaram Muthu , Charan Melachuru Sai Padma , Sree Haritha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Large number of patients are in need of critical care as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has swept all over the world, posing great pressure on critical care resources. Particularly, among those receiving mechanical ventilation, mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is high. High demand of hospitalization and an increased number of intensive care units (ICUs) admission has been required in COVID-19 pandemic [1]. Therefore, to evaluate critical COVID-19 patients, it has become mandatory to develop prognostic models.
Objectives: To describe mortality and mechanical ventilation among critically ill patients of COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done for a sample of 100 patients to evaluate COVID-19 infection requiring mechanical ventilation among critically ill patients. The study included all the people who were infected with COVID-19 infection irrespective of them being cured, improved or admitted in intensive care units. The study population almost involved all the patients who came in emergency being suspected for COVID-19 infection using RT-PCR tests.
Results: Among 100 patients included in the study, the mean age group seen to be 54.53 years (34 females, 66 males). Among males and females, mean age group of females affected with COVID include 53.08 and among males, 55.27. There were comorbidities present in some of the individuals infected with COVID-19, which presented as a risk factor for acquiring infection among them. The risk was high with diabetes mellitus (36%) followed by hypertension (31%) and heart diseases (1%). 28 patients died after ICU admission with infection and mean time of death of the patients from the time of Intensive Care Unit admission to death of the patient is 3.5 days. Some personal modalities also aided in easy acquiring of infection which included obesity, age, respiratory infections such as asthma, COPD, etc using qSOFA ( quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score for assessing sepsis associated with infection.
Conclusions: COVID-19 infection is easily acquired through droplets of infected person or contact with those infected with COVID and not all the patients do require mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission. The need of ICU admissions increase in those people who have comorbidities and respiratory problems; mechanical ventilation in those patients is required in those who have oxygen saturation (SpO2 < 90% on room air). With additional medications and appropriate timely management, the patient gets recovered but in some who are unable to tolerate with the ongoing treatment and where the complications get started, they are failing to thrive and hence mortality occurs.
Incidence of Benign and Malignant Lesions of Breast
Authors: Jyoshna V. , Shruthikamal V. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast carcinoma is the second most common carcinoma in India. Breast carcinoma can have a good prognosis when detected in an early stage, distinguishing and staging the disease can facilitate the opportunity of giving the best and appropriate treatment ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the incidence of the histopathological spectrum of breast lesions including both benign and malignant lesions of the breast.
Aim: This research is aimed to assess the incidence of histopathological features of benign and malignant lesions of the breast.
Method: It is a retrospective study of histopathological features of benign and malignant lesions of the breast over the past two years in Saveetha medical college. The specimens were received in the pathology department's histopathology section. Fixation, comprehensive sampling, and tissue processing were performed after a complete physical evaluation of the specimens. The different lesions were evaluated and analyzed. Neoplastic lesions were classified according to WHO categorization.
Results: In our analysis, unilateral lesions were far more common (98%) than bilateral lesions. 144 (43.07 percent) of the 334 cases we received throughout the study period were benign, with fibroadenoma accounting for 75 (22.4 percent) of all instances and fibrocystic lesion accounting for the remaining cases of 24 (7.18%). Invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounted for 140 instances of malignancy, was the most prevalent (41.9 percent). The range of age of cases is from 14 years to 77 years. The prevalence of benign lesions was highest in the 15–30 year age group. Among 334 cases, 315 were females and 19 were male.
Conclusion: Differentiating benign from malignant tumors relies heavily on histopathology. It is critical to conduct breast cancer awareness studies, screening programs, and basic training and incentive for women to seek medical attention as soon as a breast lump is palpated, as this can lower the morbidity and mortality associated with breast tumors.
Regulating the Electronic Configuration of Supported Iron Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Catalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Liqun , Peng Wei , Feng Jianmin , Li Dejun , Su Bing‐Jian , Juang Jenh‐Yih , Ma Yanfu , Chen Yanping , Hou Feng , Zhou Si , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Liu Jian , Liang Ji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a sustainable alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process due to its eco‐friendly nature and capability of utilizing renewable energy. However, its low Faradic efficiency (FE), caused by the excessive adsorption and reduction of protons, has been regarded as the main challenge, which leads to low ammonia yield as well. Herein, a carbon‐supported iron electrocatalyst is reported, which is fabricated by low‐temperature (300 °C) potassium vapor reduction of FeF3‐intercalated graphite fluoride, for efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The strategy enables the unique formation of exposed Fe nanoparticles uniformly anchored on graphene and in situ doped with fluorine heteroatoms. These specific features can alter the electronic configuration of the Fe nanoparticles, leading to strong surface polarization that boosts nitrogen absorption capability for eNRR, resulting in high FE (41.6%) and ammonia yield rate (53.3 μg h‐1 mg‐1) simultaneously. First‐principle calculation attributes this enhanced eNRR capability to more empty orbitals carried by the Fe atoms through the electron transfer with F dopant and substrate. As a versatile strategy for synthesizing various ultrafine and highly dispersed metal nanoparticles on the carbon support, this work might shed light on rational designing essential electrocatalysts with effective electronic structure manipulation.
Hydrogen Bond‐Functionalized Massive Solvation Modules Stabilizing Bilateral Interfaces
Authors: Chen Wenyong , Guo Shan , Qin Liping , Li Lanyan , Cao Xinxin , Zhou Jiang , Luo Zhigao , Fang Guozhao , Liang Shuquan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough mild aqueous electrolytes endow zinc‐ion batteries with intrinsic security surpassing that of lithium‐ion batteries, whether irreversible zinc deposition and related corrosion on the anode or cathode species dissolution severely circumscribes their cyclic stability, especially at low current density. Here, hydrogen bond‐functionalized massive solvation modules in a maltose‐based hybrid electrolyte are constructed, which is crucial for the stability of bilateral interfaces in the cycling process, to address this infamous issue. The intensive solvated interactions and diffusion hindrance effect yield uniform deposition of zinc at the anode interface, while the hydrogen bond confinement to free water interdicts derived parasitic reactions. As for the cathode interface, the massive solvation modules avoid structural framework collapse from vanadium dissolution and preserve low interfacial activation energy during cycling. The above bilateral interface regulation enables resultant full batteries to unprecedentedly maintain 84.2% of its initial specific capacity after 400 continuous cycles even at a very low current density of 50 mA g–1. This work provides a new perspective toward economical and eco‐friendly electrolytes for stable aqueous batteries.
Anisotropic Hybrid Hydrogels Constructed via the Noncovalent Assembly for Biomimetic Tissue Scaffold
Authors: Lin Xinghuan , Xing Xin , Li Shanshan , Wu Xiaoyi , Jia Qiaoqiao , Tu Hu , Bian Haolin , Lu Ang , Zhang Lina , Yang Hongye , Duan Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnisotropic structure is key for exploring the biomimetic functions of anisotropic hydrogels. However, the anisotropic hydrogel study should not be limited to its architecture design but must include the understanding and improvement of the internal interaction among their components. Herein, a noncovalent mediated assembly strategy is proposed to simultaneously improve the chitin chain mobility and enhance the interfacial interaction, for achieving anisotropic chitin/2D material (molybdenum disulfide and brushite as example) hydrogels via mechanical deformation. Tannic acid (TA) is used to i) introduce the dynamic noncovalent crosslinking structure among the chitin chains for affording considerable molecular mobility to allow chitin chains alignment under mechanical deformation; ii) enhance chitin–2D interfacial interaction for benefiting 2D materials orientation under the chitin chains driving. The design concept achieves multiple noncovalent assembly crosslinks (chitin–chitin, chitin–TA, and chitin–TA–2D) and biomimetic anisotropic nanofibrous morphology, leading to the superior mechanical performance. The anisotropic chitin–TA/brushite hydrogel effectively accelerates bone regeneration by promoting cell osteogenic differentiation and directional migration, showing potential in tissue engineering. It is anticipated that the noncovalent mediated assembly concept could be used to fabricate other polymer based composite anisotropic hydrogels for diverse applications.
Polydimethylsiloxane‐Silane Synergy enables Dropwise Condensation of Low Surface Tension Liquids
Authors: Fazle Rabbi Kazi , Ho Jin Yao , Yan Xiao , Ma Jingcheng , Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Sett Soumyadip , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite decades of research on promoting the dropwise condensation of steam, achieving dropwise condensation of low surface tension liquids remains a challenge. The few coatings reported to promote dropwise condensation of low surface tension liquids either require complex fabrication methods, are substrate dependent or have poor scalability. Here, the rational development of a coating, which is applicable to all conventionally used condenser metals, is presented by combining a low contact angle hysteresis polydimethylsiloxane with a low surface energy silane using atmospheric vapor phase deposition. The siloxane‐silane coating enables the dropwise condensation of fluids with surface tensions as low as 15 mN m−1 in pure vapor conditions. This siloxane‐silane coating enables a 274%, 347%, and 636% heat transfer enhancement during ethanol, hexane, and pentane condensation, respectively, when compared to filmwise condensation on the same un‐coated surfaces. Furthermore, this coating exhibits 15 days of steady dropwise condensation with no apparent signs of coating degradation. This study not only demonstrates the possibility of achieving stable dropwise condensation of low surface tension fluids on scalable, structure‐less surfaces, it also develops design principles for creating facile, substrate‐independent, durable, and scalable omniphobic coatings for a plethora of applications.
In Situ Generated Yb2Si2O7 Environmental Barrier Coatings for Protection of Ceramic Components in the Next Generation of Gas Turbines
Authors: Lenz Leite Mateus , Degenhardt Ulrich , Krenkel Walter , Schafföner Stefan , Motz Günter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn face of an accelerating climate change, the reduction and substitution of fossil fuels is crucial to decarbonize energy production. Gas turbines can operate with versatile fuel sources like natural gas and future fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Furthermore, thermal efficiencies above 60% can be achieved using non‐oxide silicon‐based ceramic components. However, water vapor is one of the main combustion products leading to rapid corrosion because of volatilization of the protective SiO2 layer at 1200 °C. An in situ generated Yb2Si2O7 double layered environmental barrier coating system composed of silazanes and the active fillers Yb2O3 and Si processed at 1415 °C for 5 h in air protects a Si3N4 substrate very effectively from corrosion. It exhibits a dense microstructure with a total thickness of 68 µm, overcomes 15 thermal cycling tests between 1200 and 20 °C and shows almost no mass loss after very harsh hot gas corrosion at 1200 °C for 200 h (pH2O = 0.15 atm, v = 100 m s−1). The excellent adhesion strength (36.9 ± 6.2 MPa), hardness (6.9 ± 1.6 GPa) and scratch resistance (28 N) demonstrate that the coating system is very promising for application in the next generation of gas turbines.
Electronic Structure, Bonding, and Stability of Boron Subphthalocyanine Halides and Pseudohalides
Authors: Hildebrand Mariana , Holst Devon , Bender Timothy , Kronik Leeor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHalides and pseudohalides of boron subphthalocyanine (BsubPc) are promising candidates for efficient yet stable organic photovoltaics. Here, the electronic structure of such molecules, obtained using density functional theory, is considered. Based on the calculations, it is found that the tetrameric boron bond is stabilized by an inductive effect at the axial substituent and by conjugative effects across the ring system. It is further found that stability is dictated mostly by the axial moiety, such that Br‐BsubPc is the most fitting precursor structure for further synthesis steps, whereas F‐BsubPc is the most suitable candidate for long‐term device performance. H‐BsubPc is examined as a new BsubPc derivative, and found to be too volatile for long term device performance. Finally, it is shown that peripheral substitution dictates the position of frontier orbitals, thereby allowing for essentially separate optimization of material properties and material stability.
Agronomic and economic performance of 26‐year corn–soybean rotation affected by tillage and fertilization in eastern Canada
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ravelojaona Nomena , St. Luce Mervin , Ziadi Noura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdoption of conservation practices such as no‐tillage (NT) may benefit soil properties and related yields. However, magnitude of changes is dependent upon time scale, soil characteristics, and climatic conditions, which has received little attention in eastern Canada. A 26‐yr field experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil at L'Acadie, southwestern Quebec, to evaluate the effect of NT vs. moldboard plow (MP) and mineral N (0, 80, and 160 kg N ha–1) and P (0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha–1) fertilization on grain yields, soil properties, and annual net returns of a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Tillage was performed every year, while fertilizers were only applied to the corn phase. Throughout the years, the site responded well to N fertilization but not consistently to P. Tillage system did not affect corn grain yield in the first 10 yr, but yield gradually declined under NT and produced 2.3 Mg ha–1 less than MP with recommended N rate in the last 8 yr. By contrast, NT reduced soybean yield in the first decade (0.32 Mg ha−1) but not thereafter. After 24 yr of implementation, NT largely increased organic matter and Mehlich‐3 P and K in the 0‐to‐5‐cm surface layer, but this did not translate into higher yields. Compared with NT, MP achieved CAN$200 ha–1 more revenue during last years at recommended N rate despite higher operation costs. Results demonstrated that under northern latitudes, this clay soil was not appropriate for NT.