bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A linear least square approach for navigation using ultrasonic waves
Authors: Thong-un Natee 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present an optional method for position and velocity measurements of navigation by means of echolocation. The proposed idea can localize a moving object with various velocities in three dimensional (3D) spaces. In addition, this method can determine the object’s position and velocity with one-time computation from the original non-linear model using the linear least square-based method. To satisfy the navigation problem dealing with the additive noise, Color Gaussian Noise is considered mainly for the performance study in computer simulations. The designed system consists of one loudspeaker and four acoustical microphones. An echo received from the microphone is converted into a one-bit stream based on a four-channel delta-sigma-modulation board. Next, FPGA is applied to compute the recursive cross correlation using one-bit signal processing. The object considered as a flying ball is positioned in x-y-z coordinates. Study of position dilution of precision involving with the uncertainty in the object position is also studied. The object’s velocity is calculated using a pair of linear-period-modulated ultrasonic signals. The validity is evaluated by the probability density function (PDF) and the cumulative density function (CDF) from the repeated experimental results.
The Validity of Carotid Doppler Peak Velocity and Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index in Identifying the Fluid Responders in Mechanically Ventilated Septic Shock Patients
Authors: Soliman Mohamed , Magdi Ahmed , Fatthy Moataz , El-Sherif Rania 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Measures of carotid artery flow or inferior vena cava diameter were recently shown to predict fluid responsiveness. Both are relatively superficial large vessels which can provide straightforward ultrasound evaluation & high-qualityimages.Methods: Our study is a prospective observational study on 30 mechanically ventilated septic shock patients in ICUto assess the fluid responsivenessby measuring carotid Doppler peak velocity&respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter against the increase in the cardiac index by echocardiographic calculations as a reference. All patients were given a fluid bolus 7 ml/ Kg crystalloid solution within 30 minutes, static and dynamic indices which include CVP, MAP, pulse pressure, difference between diameter of IVC during inspiration and expiration (ΔIVC- d) & carotid Doppler peak velocity in a single respiratory cycle (ΔCDPV) were measured before (T0) & after (T1). Vasoactive drugs infusion rate and ventilation settings did not changed during follow up. Patients were categorized either fluid responders “R” or non-responders “NR” according to an increase in cardiac output “CO” (increase in CO > 15 %.Results: Comparing responders & Non responders group we found a significant difference in Cardiac output measures,MAP & Δ CDPV pre & post fluid boluses as (5.26±4.42 L/min Vs. 10.62±5.73 L/min, 69.48±9.70 mmHg Vs. 84.90±10.36 mmHg&24.43±11.87%Vs33.22±11.00%) respectively with P-value (0.007, 0.05&0.01) respectively, on the other side , ΔD-IVC & Δ CVP pre & post fluid boluses didn’t show any statistical difference as (11.91±9.41 % Vs. 13.51±9.56 %, 5.86±5.22 cmH2O Vs 7.22±4.82 cmH2O) with P-value (0.87&0.68)respectively.Δ CDPV increase in response to increased intravascular volume in R group showed sensitivity 81%, specificity 66.7%. APACHE II, SOFA day 0,5 didn’t showed any difference between the R & NR group (16.05±3.23 Vs 18.44±3.81, 11.48±2.82Vs12.11±2.80& 12.95±3.68Vs12.56±3.97) respectively with P-value (0.164, 0.625 & 0.79) respectively. Conclusion: ΔCDPV was a more precise & even easier assessment tool with better sensitivity and specificity for evaluation of fluid responsiveness than the ΔD-IVC in patients with septic shock upon mechanicalventilation. Also, ΔCDPV has a high correlation with SVI increasing parameters assessed by echocardiography after fluid boluses. On the other hand and in comparison, CVP showed low accuracy in predicting fluid responsiveness.
Stem Cell Marker Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 Expression in Triple-negative Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Mohamed Marwa Abdel Nasser , Ibrahim Badawia Bayoumi , El Sheikh Samar Abdel Monem , Magid Mona Salah Abdel 
Published: March 2022

Background: Increasing evidence has proposed that tumor contains tumor initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for its progression and relapse. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) has recently been identified as a marker for cancer stem cells in some human malignancies including breast cancer.Triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) are group of primary breast tumors with aggressive clinical behavior that have no targeted therapy at present.
Aim: The assessment of immunohistochemical expression of ALDH1A1 in triple negative breast carcinoma and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of TNBC.
Material and Methods: This study consisted of 60 cases of TNBC. Immunohistochemical reactions were carried out by using ALDH1A1 monoclonal antibody. A total score of ALDH1A1 expression is obtained by multiplying the score of staining intensity & percentage of stained cells to obtain score ranging from 0 up to 300. Due to the relatively large number of positive cases, a statistical analysis was performed with a negative (score ≤ 10) and positive (score > 10) cutoff [1].
Results: Evaluation of the results of immunostaining for ALDH1A1 showed 88.3% of totalcases (53 cases) having a positive cytoplasmic reactivity. Statistical analysis for a possible correlation between ALDH1A1 expression and prognostic clinicopathological parameters; age, size, tumor grade, histologic subtypes, lymphovascular invasion, intraductal components, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and TNM stage grouping revealed a non-significant correlation.
Conclusion: ALDH1A1 couldn’t be used solely as a diagnostic or prognostic marker In TNBCs. Further research combining with other biomarkers and with a greater number of patients is necessary to confirm the role of ALDH1A1 in TNBC.
Key words: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), Triple Negative Breast cancer (TNBC).
In vitro assessments of antimicrobial potential and cytotoxicity activity of an orthodontic adhesive doped with nano-graphene oxide
Authors: Pourhajibagher Maryam , Ghorbanzadeh Roghayeh , Salehi-Vaziri Abbas , Bahador Abbas 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Formation of white spots and initial carious lesions are the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment. Preparation of orthodontic adhesives containing antimicrobial agents might be a practical solution for the prevention of the mentioned defects.&nbsp;
Aim: The current study aims to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of a conventional orthodontic adhesive containing different concentrations of nano-graphene oxide (N-GO).
Materials and methods: 50 Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive discs containing 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10% N-GO were prepared and sterilized by 25 kGy Gamma irradiation. After determination of cytotoxicity potential of modified orthodontic adhesive on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, antimicrobial effects of the modified orthodontic adhesive against Streptococcus mutans in the preformed cariogenic biofilms was investigated using eluted components from composite discs by comparing the viable counts of bacteria after 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of the aging process in artificial saliva.
Results: Based on the results, there was no cytotoxic effects of modified orthodontic adhesive on HGF cells (p>0.05). Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive containing 5 and 10 wt% N-GO reduced considerably the mean total viable counts of S. mutans up to 30 days (p<0.05). However, at 60 days, only 10 wt% N-GO could statistically decrease the colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of test microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity of eluted components from modified orthodontic adhesive discs against S. mutans was in line with the concentration of N-GO.
Conclusions: At 5% and 10% concentrations, a modified orthodontic adhesive containing N-GO has a significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in cariogenic biofilms.&nbsp;
Impact of Tofacitinib on Components of the ACR Response Criteria: Post Hoc Analysis of Phase III and Phase IIIb/IV Trials
Authors: Bessette Louis , Mysler Eduardo , Kinch Cassandra D. , Kwok Kenneth , Lukic Tatjana , On Phu Vinh , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. 
Published: March 2022

Objective.To evaluate the effect of tofacitinib (TOF) on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria components in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.This post hoc analysis pooled data from RA phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing TOF 5 or 10 mg BID, adalimumab (ADA), or placebo, with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and a phase IIIb/IV RCT assessing TOF 5 mg BID monotherapy, TOF 5 mg BID with methotrexate (MTX), or ADA with MTX. Outcomes included proportions of patients achieving ACR20/50/70 responses and ≥ 20/50/70% improvement rates in ACR components at week 2 and months 1, 3, and 6; and mean percent improvement in ACR components and Clinical or Simplified Disease Activity Index (CDAI or SDAI) low disease activity or remission rates, at month 3, for ACR20/50/70 responders.Results.Across treatment groups, ≥ 20/50/70% improvement rates were numerically higher for most physician- vs patient-reported measures. In phase III RCTs, at earlier timepoints, ≥ 50/70% improvements in patient global assessment of disease activity, pain, and physician global assessment were similar. Among ACR20 responders receiving TOF, mean percent improvements for tender and swollen joint counts were > 70% at month 3. CDAI/SDAI remission was achieved at month 3 by 27.8–45.0% of ACR70 responders receiving TOF.Conclusion.Among ACR20 responders treated with TOF, physician-reported components particularly exceeded 20% response improvement. At month 3, disease state generally did not corroborate ACR70 response criteria. Divergences between physician- and patient-reported measures highlight the importance of identifying appropriate patient-reported outcome targets to manage RA symptoms in clinical practice. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00847613/NCT00856544/NCT00853385/NCT02187055)
Comparison of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block as Postoperative Pain Management in Hip Fracture Surgeries
Authors: Senthil K.S. , Kumar Prem , Ramakrishnan Lakshmi 
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives:
Postoperative pain management and early recovery play an important role in the functional outcome following hip surgeries. Recently, pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block has been used as a good alternative for postoperative pain management following hip fracture surgeries. We compared the efficacy of (PENG) block and fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) as postoperative pain management in hip surgeries.

Methods:
Forty patients of the age group of 18 years and older of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classes I and II scheduled for hip fracture were selected and the patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A comprised of 20 patients who received PENG block and Group B comprised of 20 patients who received FICB. 30 mL 0.25% Levobupivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone was given for both blocks. The following outcomes were measured: Total fentanyl consumption in 24 h, dynamic pain during 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 h, Visual Analog Pain score during 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 h, quadriceps femoris muscle strength.

Results:
Even though there was no significant difference in the duration of analgesia and dynamic pain grades between these blocks, there was notable difference in Visual Analog Pain score and the motor power of quadriceps femoris which indicates the potency of sensory blockade and decrease in motor sparing was significantly seen in PENG block than FICB.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggest that PENG block was more appropriate analgesic modality than FICB in patients undergoing hip surgeries as postoperative analgesic.
Comparison of short-term surgical outcomes and postoperative recovery between single-incision and multi-port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Lin Lin , Xu Qingwen , Xu Feipeng , Zhou Caijin , Huang Xianjin , Chen Rihong , Jiang Haiping 
Published: March 2022

Background:
To summarise data from previous reports and perform a meta-analysis to compare the short-term surgical outcomes and post-operative recovery between single-incision and multi-port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (MLDG) for gastric cancer.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases and relevant data were extracted. Short-term surgical outcomes and post-operative recovery of single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (SLDG) and MLDG for gastric cancer were compared using a fixed or random-effect model.

Results:
In total, we identified five relevant studies involving 983 participants for this systematic review and meta-analysis, and 45.8% (450/983) of patients underwent SLDG. The results demonstrated that mean operation time (weighted mean difference [WMD]:-3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.64,8.19, P = 0.580; I
2 = 75.6%), intra-operative blood loss (WMD:-19.77, 95% CI: 40.20,0.65, P = 0.058; I
2 = 85.0%) and lymph node yield (WMD:-0.71, 95% CI: 1.47, 0.05, P = 0.068; I
2 = 0%) of SLDG were comparable to those of MLDG for gastric cancer. In addition, SLDG had a similar incidence of post-operative complications compared with MLDG (odds ratio: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.55-1.22, P = 0.326; I
2 = 0%). There was no significant difference between the two surgical procedures for the conversion to open surgery (OR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.03-3.15, P = 0.331; I
2 = 0%), the length of hospital stay (WMD:-0.05, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.55, P = 0.876; I
2 = 44.1%), the time to first flatus (WMD:-0.24, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.10, P = 0.169; I
2 = 85.3%) and the time to oral intake (WMD:-0.05, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.10, P = 0.500; I
2 = 0%).

Conclusion:
Single-incision laparoscopic gastrectomy may be technically feasible and safe for gastric cancer. However, it did not show a more obvious advantage over MLDG.
Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Antibodies among People Living with HIV
Authors: Shalaka Nader S. 
Published: February 2022

Background/Aims:
Patients with preexisting morbidities (e.g., malignancy, posttransplant, and heart failure) are recognized to be at increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as well as increased risk of mortality after infection. However, there are conflicting data on the susceptibility and prevalence of infection among people living with HIV (PLWH), with higher, lower, and equal prevalence to the general population were reported. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among PLWH who are attending clinical care at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Tripoli University Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study conducted during the period from October 01, 2021 to December 01

,
2021 at the (Department of Infectious Diseases) outpatient clinic of Tripoli University Hospital. The OnSite Coronavirus Disease 2019 IgG/IgM Rapid Test (CTK Biotech, San Diego County, California, USA) was used to determine the presence of antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in the collected serum samples. The test results were reported as “Negative” or “Positive” as per the manufacturer's instructions.

Results:
A total of 108 PLWH were included in the study. Sixty-nine (64%) were male, and the mean age for participants was 44 years. Specific IgG/IgM antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 31 individuals, representing a seroprevalence of 28.7%.

Conclusions:
High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among nonvaccinated PLWH attending clinical care at Tripoli University Hospital. They require pritorization on vaccination and boosting.
Prevalence of Meropenem and Imipenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Uropathogens in Ibn Sina Clinic in Benghazi-Libya
Authors: Gargoum Huda Mohammed , Muftah M. Muftah , Zinab M. Alsieah , Khadija Elsharee 
Published: February 2022

Background/Aims:
The carbapenem resistance is increasing worldwide. Although there are a number of studies on carbapenem resistance available in western Libya, there is no adequate information in eastern Libya. The aim of the present work was to study the prevalence of both imipenem and meropenem in uropathogens in one hospital in Benghazi, a city in Libya, to know the magnitude of resistance caused by these groups of bacteria.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 1011 samples of patients with urinary tract infection were collected from August 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020. Identification of the isolates was done and the antibiotic susceptibility of different uropathogens was tested for their imipenem and meropenem susceptibility.

Results:
The prevalence of Escherichia coli was 68.8%, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis (12.4% and 4.8%, respectively). The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also (12.4%), and the Acinetobacter baumannii comes next by 1.6%.

Conclusions:
Compared to different results done in different parts of Libya, the prevalence of carbapenem was increased and this expanded to other Enterobacteriaceae as P. mirabilis that has not declared in previous data in different regions in Libya.
Causes of End-Stage Renal Disease among Hemodialysis Patients in Libya
Authors: Gusbi Eman , Abrahem Abrahem F. , Elfituri Ahmed , Eltaib Farag , Benbubaker Walid M. , Alhudiri Inas M. , Elgriw Nada , Gusbi Mokhtar , Rmadan Majda Musa , Enattah Nabil , Elzagheid Adam 
Published: February 2022

Background/Aims:Little data are available about chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Libya, therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the epidemiological factors and frequency of diseases diagnosed in patients with ESRD who are receiving hemodialysis in the major three demographic areas of Libya.Patients and Methods:With a special focus on the three main demographic regions in Libya (East, West, South), in this study, we retrospectively examine and analyze data retrieved from patients who attended 31 hemodialysis centers in 2017. Patients' data were studied for baseline demographic information, gender, age, medical history, physical examination, laboratory results, and comorbidities.Results:More males than females were affected overall, with M:F ratio = 1.6. Approximately, two-thirds of patients resided in the western part of Libya, with a regional distribution of 68.41% in the West, 16.08% in the East, and 15.52% in the South. The majority of cases with ESRD (>60%) were either caused by hypertension (25.36%) or diabetes mellitus (23.75%), or a combination of both (12.93%). On the other hand, genetic diseases caused 8.18% of the cases, whereas glomerular diseases caused 5.98%.Conclusion:The public health legislators and Ministry of Health should focus on tackling the modifiable risk factors of hypertension and diabetes early at a population level to reduce the burden of CKD and the development of ESRD. Early detection of genetic causes is an important health measure through the implementation of screening in high-risk groups and appropriate genetic counseling.
Investigations of the Elastic Moduli of Er2O3 NPs Doped TeO2 – B2O3 – SiO2 Glasses using Theoretical Models
Authors: Aliyu U. S. , Geidam I. G. , Otto M. S. , Hussaini M. 
Published: February 2022

Elastic moduli of {[(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]0.8 (SiO2)0.2}1-y (Er2O3 NPs)y glasses with y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 were studied in this work using the theoretical elastic models. The Makishima & Mackenzie, Rocherulle and bond compression models were employed for the study. In the Makishima and Mackenzie model, the packing density was calculated from the bulk glass molar weight and the bulk glass density whereas in Rocherulle model it is determined as the individual oxides. Young, shear and bulk moduli as well as the Poisson ratio were calculated for the glasses in the Makishima and Rocherulle models, while longitudinal, was calculated in addition to young, bulk and shear moduli using the bond compression model. Bond per unit volume number (nb), bulk modulus, bulk modulus ratio (Kbc/Ke), atomic ring size (?) and stretching force constant were also calculated and presented. The values of the Young, bulk and shear moduli obtained from Makishima model increased from 52.854 to 55.335 GPa, 35.754 to 39.862 GPa and 21.080 to 21.809 GPa respectively with Er2O3 NPs composition increase from 1% to 5%.. The Rocherulle model presented increasing values for Young, bulk and shear moduli as 56.910 to 58.432 GPa, 41.452 to 44.450 GPa and 22.385 to 22.809 GPa respectively with Er2O3 NPs composition increase from 1% to 5%. The bond compression model presented much higher values of the elastic moduli compared to the experimentally obtained values and showed an increasing trend as the Er2O3 NPs concentration increases. In the glass network, the atomic ring size value decreased from 0.5698 to 0.5091 nm indicating an increase in the close packing of atoms. Based on the elastic moduli values presented by all the models, Makishima and Mackenzie model presented a more reliable data and hence represents the best model for the studied glass system.
Juxtaposing Vertically Transmitted Infections (VTIs) and the Spread of HIV/AIDS in a Typically Infection Prevalent Region in Nigeria
Authors: Iseh Matthew , Usoro Anthony , Ekong Nsisong , Ukpe Idara 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we investigate by putting side by side the rate at which Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS spreads through Vertical Transmission (VT) in a typically infection prevalent region. Also, we model this relationship and present the enormity and the likelihood of mother-to-child infections given Age, Weight, and Dosage of Drugs taken by the pregnant women. Binary logistics regression is the approach employed in the analysis of this work. The method is necessary given the dichotomous nature of the variableunder investigation, in this case, the status of the newborns. The result from the Binary logistic regression shows that the probability that a child will be infected given that the mother is positive is 0.098235 approx 0:1, and this is unlikely to happen given the small probability. This result is in line with the proportion of Event count which is aprox 0:1. Other complimentary test results also agree that given the biomarkers (Age, weight and drug doses of the mothers) used in the study, the possibility of a newborn acquiring the deadly disease is very minimal. The study revealed that, given these biomarkers, the chances of newborns being infected with HIV/AIDS through VT is very minimal. Hence, there is need for donors and interventionists agencies to redirect attention and interventions to other modes of transmissions.