bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Background climate conditions regulated the photosynthetic response of Amazon forests to the 2015/2016 El Nino-Southern Oscillation event
Authors: Fancourt Max , Ziv Guy , Boersma Klaas Folkert , Tavares Julia , Wang Yunxia , Galbraith David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmazon forests have experienced multiple large-scale droughts in recent decades, which have increased tree mortality and reduced carbon sequestration. However, the extent to which drought sensitivity varies across Amazonian forests and its key controls remain poorly quantified. Here, we analyse satellite remotely-sensed Solar Induced Fluorescence anomalies to investigate responses in Amazon forest photosynthetic activity to the 2015-2016 El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought. Using multivariate regression analysis, we examine the relative importance of ENSO-associated climate anomalies, background climate and soil characteristics in controlling basin-wide forest photosynthetic activity differences. Our model explains 25% of forest photosynthetic response and indicates background climate and soil conditions had a greater influence than the climatic anomalies experienced. We find marked sensitivity differences across Amazonia, with North-Western forests being the most sensitive to precipitation anomalies, likely relating to variation in forest species composition and background water stress. Such factors should be considered in climate change impact simulations.
Total electrification of large-scale nanophotonic arrays by frictional charges
Authors: Bhalla Nikhil , Yu Zidong , Pauly Serene , Kumar Amit , Maddi Chiranjeevi , Mariotti Davide , Zhao Pengfei , Payam Amir Farokh , Soin Navneet 
Published: September 2022

A strong correlation between the triboelectric voltage output response and the λLSPR shifts is observed which opens up the pathway for establishing self-powered LSPR-based sensors.
Investigation on flat torque‐angle characteristic of torque motor based on magnetic saturation of tooth tip
Authors: Meng Bin , Zhu Liangqiang , Heng Yaozhen , Xu Hao , Li Sheng , Ruan Jian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe flat torque‐angle characteristic of torque motor plays a decisive role in the control quality of electro‐hydraulic servo and proportional valve. To solve the issue that the current wet‐type torque motor for two‐dimensional (2D) valve does not have flat torque‐angle characteristic, a method for adjusting the flat torque‐angle characteristic of torque motor for 2D valve based on magnetic saturation of tooth tip is proposed. Taking the current limited angle torque motor with rectangular tooth (TM‐R) as an application example, the rectangular teeth on the stator are replaced by sharp teeth to form a novel torque motor with sharp tooth (TM‐S), and the flat torque‐angle characteristic can be obtained by constructing magnetic saturation of tooth tip. The variation trends of magnetic permeance in each magnetic saturation region of the tooth tip are analyzed. The torque‐angle characteristics of TM‐S and TM‐R under different control currents are compared. Prototypes of TM‐S and TM‐R with optimized parameters are designed and manufactured, and special experimental benches are built for static and dynamic test. Experimental results are basically consistent with the theoretical analysis. The comparative study shows that the torque‐angle characteristic of TM‐R is a downward curve, while the torque‐angle characteristic of TM‐S is an approximate flat curve. The research validates the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can both realize the flat torque‐angle characteristic and improve the dynamic response of torque motor. Finally, the proposed method can be further applied to other rotary and direct‐acting electro‐mechanical converter (EMC) with multi‐tooth structure.
A Facile and Mild Alkylation Protocol of NH-Diphenyl Sulfondiimines
Authors: Jia Tiezheng , Xu Zeyu , Su Shuaisong , Li Xue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a promising pharmacophore, sulfondiimines have drawn increasing attention in recent years, but their uptake in medicinal chemistry is jeopardized by the scarcity of related transformations. Herein, we report a facile and mild N-alkylation protocol of NH-diphenyl sulfondiimines with alkyl halides to prepare a myriad of N-alkylated diphenyl sulfondiimines. Owing to air atmosphere, room temperature, as well as mild reaction conditions, this protocol has exhibited great potential in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry by the late-stage functionalization of natural products.
Motivating factors behind the public’s use of smart recycling systems: perceived playfulness and environmental concern
Authors: Liu Liyuan , Hsu Yen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmart cities around the world are seeking effective ways to recycle waste. A smart recycling service system is a new recycling method that allows people to engage in environmental protection. Previous studies on recycling have only focused on environmental concerns. Whether public intention to use smart recycling is influenced by environmental concern or perceived playfulness has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study proposes a modified technology acceptance model to discuss the impact of perceived playfulness and environmental concern on public intention to use smart recycling systems. We adopted the maximum likelihood estimation method as the measurement model for this study. The results show that both environmental concern and perceived playfulness motivate people to use smart recycling systems. However, perceived playfulness impacts public intention more than environmental concern and had the most significant impact among the four factors discussed in this study. Therefore, when seeking to improve and promote smart recycling systems, the focus should shift to promoting public intention to use and enhance their environmentally-friendly behavior in a playful way. This study provides new insights into the improvement of smart recycling systems and the implications for promoting them.
The impact of short videos on student performance in an online-flipped college engineering course
Authors: Zhu Jia , Yuan Hang , Zhang Quan , Huang Po-Hsun , Wang Yongjie , Duan Sixuan , Lei Ming , Lim Eng Gee , Song Pengfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has greatly accelerated the adoption of online learning and teaching in many colleges and universities. Video, as a key integral part of online education, largely influences student learning experiences. Though many guidelines on designing educational videos have been reported, the quantitative data showing the impacts of video length on students’ academic performance in a credit-bearing course is limited, particularly for an online-flipped college engineering course. The forced pandemic lockdown enables a suitable environment to address this research gap. In this paper, we present the first step to examine the impact of short videos on students’ academic performance in such circumstances. Our results indicate that short videos can greatly improve student engagement by 24.7% in terms of video viewing time, and the final exam score by 9.0%, both compared to the long-video group. The quantitative Likert questionnaire also indicates students’ preference for short videos over long videos. We believe this study has important implications for course design for future online-flipped engineering courses.
An emergence of chiral helimagnetism or ferromagnetism governed by Cr intercalation in a dichalcogenide CrNb3S6
Authors: Kousaka Y. , Ogura T. , Jiang J. , Mizutani K. , Iwasaki S. , Akimitsu J. , Togawa Y. 
Published: September 2022

A synthesis of single crystals of chiral dichalcogenides TM3X6 (T: 3d transition metal, M: Nb or Ta, X: S or Se) remains an intriguing issue for the investigation of emergent quantum properties such as chiral helimagnetism. In this study, we investigated a correlation between the quantity of Cr intercalation x and the magnetic property in single crystals of a chromium (Cr) intercalated chiral disulfide CrxNb3S6 in order to optimize the synthesis condition for the intercalation-controlled single crystals. The magnetic properties, including a magnetic transition temperature Tc, take different values depending on the samples. We systematically grew single crystals of CrxNb3S6 with x ranged from 0.89 to 1.03 and found that the amount of the Cr intercalation x is an essential factor in controlling the magnetic properties of the grown crystals. The magnetization anomaly, which appears in the temperature dependence as evidence of the formation of chiral magnetic soliton lattice (CSL), was observed only in a narrow region of x from 0.98 to 1.03. The single crystals with x being 0.98 and 0.99 showed the CSL behavior with the highest Tc of 133 K. These results indicate that the small number of defects on the sites for T ions dramatically affects the quality of the single crystals in the synthesis of TM3S6. We also discuss the importance of synthesizing enantiopure single crystals of chiral dichalcogenides in order to observe chiral physical properties unique to chiral compounds such as magneto-chiral effect and chiral-induced spin selectivity.
Growth of PdCoO2 films with controlled termination by molecular-beam epitaxy and determination of their electronic structure by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Song Qi , Sun Jiaxin , Parzyck Christopher T. , Miao Ludi , Xu Qing , Hensling Felix V. E. , Barone Matthew R. , Hu Cheng , Kim Jinkwon , Faeth Brendan D. , Paik Hanjong , King Phil D. C. , Shen Kyle M. , Schlom Darrell G. 
Published: September 2022

Utilizing the powerful combination of molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we produce and study the effect of different terminating layers on the electronic structure of the metallic delafossite PdCoO2. Attempts to introduce unpaired electrons and synthesize new antiferromagnetic metals akin to the isostructural compound PdCrO2 have been made by replacing cobalt with iron in PdCoO2 films grown by MBE. Using ARPES, we observe similar bulk bands in these PdCoO2 films with Pd-, CoO2-, and FeO2-termination. Nevertheless, Pd- and CoO2-terminated films show a reduced intensity of surface states. Additionally, we are able to epitaxially stabilize PdFexCo1−xO2 films that show an anomaly in the derivative of the electrical resistance with respect to temperature at 20 K, but do not display pronounced magnetic order.
The son (érzi) is not really a son
Authors: Yang Kun , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to explore the generalization of address terms in online discourse, a largely unheeded pragmatic phenomenon. Taking the generalized Chinese kinship term “son” (érzi) as an example, it analyzes its referents and functions. The analysis was based on a sizable data set collected from WeChat, and interviews with some WeChat users. It demonstrates that the address term “son” (érzi) conveys its faithful meaning when referring to the male child of (a) parent(s) but virtual meaning when referring to the addresser’s friends, classmates or pets. It is also argued that the generalized use of the address term “son” (érzi) can function to enhance relationships, make jocular abuse, and express emotions. These functions suggest the users’ identity avoidance and relating needs in a virtual community. This study attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the virtualization of address terms and rapport management in online discourse.
Design and fabrication of color coatings for high-performance building-integrated photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Mac , Cho Se-Phin , Cho Eunmi , Kim Sung Hyun , Kwon Seongwon , Lee Sang-Jin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Materials used on a building’s exterior must have high transmittance and excellent aesthetic design. In this study, the optimum design was achieved by calculating the optical properties and color distribution to fabricate a high-quality multilayer color thin film through sputtering, and a silicon solar panel was equipped with transmissive- and reflective-type color optical thin films. A three-layer color thin film with a Nb2O5/SiO2/Nb2O5 structure exhibited an average transmittance of over 85.96% and a clear blue color. Simultaneously, it maintained a high overall efficiency with a maximum output value greater than 99% of the value of a reference silicon solar cell. Therefore, the sputtered multilayer thin-film coating not only offers a fracile approach to manufacture colorful solar panels, but also has great potential for various industrial applications such as building-integrated solar power generation, automobile production, and glass production.
Spin fluctuations in the 112-type iron-based superconductor Ca0.82La0.18Fe0.96Ni0.04As2
Authors: Xie Tao , Liu Chang , Kajimoto Ryoichi , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Li Shiliang , Luo Huiqian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering (INS) investigations on the spin fluctuation spectrum in the 112-type iron-based superconductor (FeSC) Ca0.82La0.18Fe0.96Ni0.04As2 (CaLa-112). In comparison to the 122-type FeSCs with a centrosymmetric tetragonal lattice structure (space group

I
4

/

m
m
m

) at room temperature and an in-plane stripe-type antiferromagnetic (AF) order at low temperature, the 112 system has a noncentrosymmetric structure (space group

P

2

1

) with additional zigzag arsenic chains between Ca/La layers and a magnetic ground state with similar wavevector

Q

A
F

but different orientations of ordered moments in the parent compounds. Our INS study clearly reveals that the in-plane dispersions and the bandwidth of spin excitations in the superconducting CaLa-112 closely resemble to those in 122 systems. While the total fluctuating moments

⟨

m
2

⟩
≈
4.6
±
0.2

μ

B

2

/Fe are larger than 122 system, the dynamic correlation lengths are similar (ξ ≈ 10 Å). These results suggest that superconductivity in iron arsenides may have a common magnetic origin under similar magnetic exchange couplings with a dual nature from local moments and itinerant electrons, despite their different magnetic patterns and lattice symmetries.
Multi-task generative adversarial network for retinal optical coherence tomography image denoising
Authors: Xie Qiaoxue , Ma Zongqing , Zhu Lianqing , Fan Fan , Meng Xiaochen , Gao Xinxiao , Zhu Jiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an essential imaging modality for the assessment of ophthalmic diseases. However, speckle noise in OCT images obscures subtle but important morphological details and hampers its clinical applications. In this work, a novel multi-task generative adversarial network (MGAN) is proposed for retinal OCT image denoising. Approach. To strengthen the preservation of retinal structural information in the OCT denoising procedure, the proposed MGAN integrates adversarial learning and multi-task learning. Specifically, the generator of MGAN simultaneously undertakes two tasks, including the denoising task and the segmentation task. The segmentation task aims at the generation of the retinal segmentation map, which can guide the denoising task to focus on the retina-related region based on the retina-attention module. In doing so, the denoising task can enhance the attention to the retinal region and subsequently protect the structural detail based on the supervision of the structural similarity index measure loss. Main results. The proposed MGAN was evaluated and analyzed on three public OCT datasets. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that the MGAN method can achieve higher image quality, and is more effective in both speckle noise reduction and structural information preservation than previous denoising methods. Significance. We have presented a MGAN for retinal OCT image denoising. The proposed method provides an effective way to strengthen the preservation of structural information while suppressing speckle noise, and can promote the OCT applications in the clinical observation and diagnosis of retinopathy.
Detecting multiple lesions of lung cancer-caused metastasis with bone scans using a self-defined object detection model based on SSD framework
Authors: Lin Qiang , Chen Xiaoyan , Liu Liangxia , Cao Yongchun , Man Zhengxing , Zeng Xianwu , Huang Xiaodi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. To facilitate manual diagnosis of lung cancer-caused metastasis, in this work, we propose a deep learning-based method to automatically identify and locate the hotspots in a bone scan image which denote the lesions metastasized from lung cancer. Approach. An end-to-end metastasis lesion detection model is proposed by following the classical object detection framework single shot multibox object detector (SSD). The proposed model casts lesion detection problem into automatically learning the hierarchal representations of lesion features, locating the spatial position of lesion areas, and boxing the detected lesions. Main results. Experimental evaluation conducted on clinical data of retrospective bone scans shows the comparable performance with a mean score of 0.7911 for average precision. A comparative analysis between our network and others including SSD shows the feasibility of the proposed detection network on automatically detecting multiple lesions of metastasis lesions caused by lung cancer. Significance. The proposed method has the potential to be used as an auxiliary tool for improving the accuracy and efficiency of metastasis diagnosis routinely conducted by nuclear medicine physicians.
Shape memory polymer smart plaster for orthopaedic treatments
Authors: Jeewantha Janitha , Jayalath Sandaruwan , Emmanuel Chris , Herath Madhubhashitha , Forster Elizabeth , Islam Mainul , Leng Jinsong , Epaarachchi Jayantha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shape memory polymer (SMP) is a smart material that can respond to external stimuli and recover its permanent shape after being programmed. Researchers have been interested in SMPs for invasive biomedical applications, but there are many opportunities for non-invasive applications. Thus, in this study, a novel hybrid SMP nanocomposite smart plaster (SP) is synthesised for non-invasive orthopaedic fractured bone immobilisation. Due to its considerable structural properties, the SP for this study was synthesised with Bisphenol A epoxy, reinforced with E-glass fibres, its bioinspiration qualities were improved incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles. After that, the SP was preserved for three months under five different conditions. This was done to compare their environmental durability and usability for fractured bone immobilisation by analysing the resulting thermomechanical and shape memory properties. In addition, an Abaqus finite element model was developed and validated which can be used to optimise the design and geometrical parameters of the SP. The SP vitro performance was verified, demonstrating a lower limb leg cylindrical cast in less than 10 min. The SP at 50 °C and two layers of cotton webril produced the optimum results, and the recorded maximum undercast temperature was less than 45 °C, which was within the safe limit for human use. Furthermore, the undercast pressure did not surpass 30.2 ± 5.2 mmHg, indicating that the results are equivalent to other bone immobilisation procedures. Therefore, the synthesised SP showed a promising approach to address existing orthopaedic fractured bone limb immobilisation challenges.
Defect passivation with potassium trifluoroborate for efficient spray-coated perovskite solar cells in air
Authors: Gao Chen , Wang Hui , Wang Pang , Cai Jinlong , Sun Yuandong , Yu Cong , Li Teng , Zhang Xiaoshuai , Liu Dan , Wang Tao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Defects as non-radiative recombination centers hinder the further efficiency improvements of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Additive engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective method for defect passivation in perovskite films. Here, we employed (4-methoxyphenyl) potassium trifluoroborate (C7H7BF3KO) with

and K+ functional groups to passivate spray-coated (FAPbI3)
x
(MAPbBr3)1–x
perovskite and eliminate hysteresis. It is shown that the F of

can form hydrogen bonds with the H atom in the amino group of MA+/FA+ ions of perovskite, thus reducing the generation of MA+/FA+ vacancies and improving device efficiency. Meanwhile, K+ and reduced MA+/FA+ vacancies can inhibit ion migration, thereby eliminating hysteresis. With the aid of C7H7BF3KO, we obtained hysteresis-free PSCs with the maximum efficiency of 19.5% by spray-coating in air. Our work demonstrates that additive engineering is promising to improve the performance of spray-coated PSCs.
Hybrid computational pregnant female phantom construction for radiation dosimetry applications
Authors: Makkia Rasha , Nelson Keith , Zaidi Habib , Dingfelder Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The number of patients undergoing diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy procedures has increased drastically owing to improvements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and consequently, patient survival. However, the risk of secondary malignancies owing to radiation exposure remains a matter of concern. We previously published three hybrid computational fetal phantoms, which contained 27 fetal organs, as a starting point for developing the whole hybrid computational pregnant phantom set, which is the final objective of this study. An International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference female voxel model was converted to a non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface model to construct a hybrid computational female phantom as a pregnant mother for each fetal model. Both fetal and maternal organs were matched with the ICRP- 89 reference data. To create a complete standard pregnant computational phantom set at 20, 30, and 35 weeks of pregnancy, the model mother’s reproductive organs were removed, and fetal phantoms with appropriate placental and uterine models were added to the female pelvis using a 3D-modeling software. With the aid of radiological image sets that had originally been used to construct the fetal models, each fetal position and rotation inside the uterus were carefully adjusted to represent the real fetal locations inside the uterus. The major abdominal soft tissue organs below the diaphragm, namely the small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, uterus, and urinary bladder, were removed from non-pregnant females. The resulting fetal phantom was positioned in the appropriate location, matching the original radiological image sets. An obstetrician-gynecologist reviewed the complete internal anatomy of all fetus phantoms and the pregnant women for accuracy, and suggested changes were implemented as needed. The remaining female anatomical tissues were reshaped and modified to accommodate the location of the fetus inside the uterus. This new series of hybrid computational pregnant phantom models provides realistic anatomical details that can be useful in evaluating fetal radiation doses in pregnant patients undergoing diagnostic imaging or radiotherapy procedures where realistic fetal computational human phantoms are required.