bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)
Authors: Husemann B. , Singha M. , Scharwächter J. , McElroy R. , Neumann J. , Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Urrutia T. , Baum S. A. , Bennert V. N. , Combes F. , Croom S. M. , Davis T. A. , Fournier Y. , Galkin A. , Gaspari M. , Enke H. , Krumpe M. , O’Dea C. P. , Pérez-Torres M. , Rose T. , Tremblay G. R. , Walcher C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Context.Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are thought to be intimately connected with their host galaxies through feeding and feedback processes. A strong coupling is predicted and supported by cosmological simulations of galaxy formation, but the details of the physical mechanisms are still observationally unconstrained.Aims.Galaxies are complex systems of stars and a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM). A spatially resolved multiwavelength survey is required to map the interaction of AGN with their host galaxies on different spatial scales and different phases of the ISM. The goal of the Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS) is to obtain the necessary spatially resolved multiwavelength observations for an unbiased sample of local unobscured luminous AGN.Methods.We present the overall CARS survey design and the associated wide-field optical integral-field unit (IFU) spectroscopy for all 41 CARS targets atz < 0.06 randomly selected from the Hamburg/ESO survey of luminous unobscured AGN. This data set provides the backbone of the CARS survey and allows us to characterize host galaxy morphologies, AGN parameters, precise systemic redshifts, and ionized gas distributions including excitation conditions, kinematics, and metallicities in unprecedented detail.Results.We focus our study on the size of the extended narrow-line region (ENLR) which has been traditionally connected to AGN luminosity. Given the large scatter in the ENLR size–luminosity relation, we performed a large parameter search to identify potentially more fundamental relations. Remarkably, we identified the strongest correlation between the maximum projected ENLR size and the black hole mass, consistent with anRENLR,max∼MBH0.5relationship. We interpret the maximum ENLR size as a timescale indicator of a single black hole (BH) radiative-efficient accretion episode for which we inferred 〈log(tAGN/[yr])〉 = (0.45 ± 0.08)log(MBH/[M⊙]) + 1.78−0.67+0.54using forward modeling. The extrapolation of our inferred relation toward higher BH masses is consistent with an independent lifetime estimate from the He IIproximity zones around luminous AGN atz ∼ 3.Conclusions.While our proposed link between the BH mass and AGN lifetime might be a secondary correlation itself or impacted by unknown biases, it has a few relevant implications if confirmed. For example, the famous AGN Eigenvector 1 parameter space may be partially explained by the range in AGN lifetimes. Also, the lack of observational evidence for negative AGN feedback on star formation can be explained by such timescale effects. Further observational tests are required to confirm or rule out our BH mass dependent AGN lifetime hypothesis.
Dynamo effect caused by non-stationary turbulence in strongly magnetized, hot, low-density plasma
Authors: Mizerski K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Context.The large-scale hydromagnetic dynamo mechanism is often assumed to rely on the existence of a resistive phase shift between the kinetic and magnetic components of waves. It is not clear how this mechanism could effectively operate in hot, low-density plasma, where the electrical resistivity is extremely low.Aims.We show that non-stationarity, a common factor in plasma turbulence (e.g., in the interstellar medium caused by random supernova explosions), allows inducing a strong large-scale electromotive force (EMF) by the plasma flow and significantly enhances the dynamo effect.Methods.We adopted the simplest approximation in which plasma evolution is modelled with a set of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with a random, Gaussian, and non-stationary forcing to explicitly demonstrate the role of non-stationarity in the large-scale dynamo process. The EMF was calculated analytically in the limit of large magnetic Prandtl numbers (low magnetic diffusion in comparison with plasma viscosity) and strong magnetic fields for the non-stationary turbulence and the standard diffusive mechanism.Results.We show that the EMF induced by the effects of non-stationarity can typically be expected to dominate the dynamo mechanism (over the diffusive phase shift generation) by several orders of magnitude. This is confirmed by the explicit calculation in two example cases for the interstellar medium in the Milky Way galaxy and hot accretion disks such as those of active galactic nuclei.
The NO-cGMP-K+ Channel Pathway Participates in Diuretic and Cardioprotective Effects of Blutaparon portulacoides in Spontaneously Hypertensive
Rats
Authors: Terço Leite Patrícia Regina , Lorençone Bethânia Rosa , Moreno Karyne Garcia Tafarelo , Lopes Katiana Simões , Marques Aline Aparecida Macedo , Fortini Clara Soligo , Palozi Rhanany Alan Calloi , Dalmagro Mariana , Kassuya Cândida Aparecida Leite , dos Santos Ariany Carvalho , Salvador Marcos José , Gasparotto Junior Arquimedes 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Blutaparon portulacoides is a Brazilian plant species that is widely used in folk medicine. The present study investigated the role of an aqueous extract of B. portulacoides
against hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was obtained from the whole plant. Its chemical profile was analyzed by
ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was evaluated in female Wistar rats. Male 6-month-old
spontaneously hypertensive rats then received the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 28 days. On
days 1, 14, and 28, the diuretic effects of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides were evaluated. The role of prostaglandins and the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine
monophosphate-potassium channel pathway in the diuretic activity of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was also investigated. At the end of the treatment, hepatic and renal
biochemical markers, serum nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, nitrite, and aldosterone levels, and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity were measured. The electrocardiographic profile, blood
pressure, and renal vascular reactivity were also assessed. The heart, kidneys, and liver were collected to determine relative organ weight, histopathology, and cardiac morphometry. Caffeic
acid, ferulic acid, and several flavonoids were identified in the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides. No signs of toxicity were observed. Prolonged treatment with the aqueous extract
of B. portulacoides (300 mg/kg) induced significant diuretic activity by activating the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel pathway. These effects reduced
blood pressure and oxidative stress and prevented renal vascular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy that was induced by hypertension. Overall, the present data suggest that the
aqueous extract of B. portulacoides has important diuretic and cardioprotective effects by activation of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel pathway.
The Association of Achilles Sonoelastography Findings with Disease
Activity, Functional Status and Enthesitis Index in Patients with Axial
Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Beyazal Mehmet , Beyazal Münevver Serdaroğlu , Çeliker Fatma Beyazal , Devrimsel Gul , Yıldırım Murat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Sonoelastography (SE) is a new ultrasound (US)-based technique
able to assess tissue elasticity. Using conventional US, it is sometimes
difficult or even impossible to distinguish pathologic tissue because it often
presents with the same echogenicity as the surrounding healthy tissue. This
study aimed to evaluate SE findings in Achilles tendons of patients with axial
spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and to assess how these findings are associated with
disease-related parameters.
Material and Methods Sixty-four consecutive patients (37 men, 27 women;
mean age 39.7 years; range 20–65 years) with axSpA and 30 sex and
age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Disease activity was
evaluated using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI),
whereas functional capacity was evaluated using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis
Functional Index (BASFI). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive
protein (CRP) and the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC)
enthesitis index were recorded. All participants underwent an SE examination of
the Achilles tendon and measurement of the strain index (SI).
Results The mean right and left SI were significantly higher in axSpA
patients than in controls (2.96±0.94 vs. 1.90±0.45;
p<0.001; 2.95±0.95 vs. 1.92±0.48, p<0.001,
respectively). In axSpA patients, both right and left SI were significantly
correlated with the BASDAI, BASFI and SPARCC enthesitis indices, but not with
ESR or CRP.
Conclusion AxSpA patients had an increased SI compared with healthy
subjects and these values were associated with disease activity, functional
capacity and the enthesitis index. SE may be a useful tool for the evaluation of
Achilles tendons in patients with axSpA.
Untersuchungen zur Funktionskapazität von Rumpfmuskeln an
gesunden Probanden unterschiedlicher Altersgruppen
Authors: Anders Christoph , Hübner Agnes , Faenger Bernd 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Studie legt Normdaten für funktionsbezogene Kraft- und
Aktivierungswerte während Flexion und Extension des Oberkörpers
an gesunden Vergleichspersonen beiderlei Geschlechts in unterschiedlichen
Altersgruppen vor. Dafür wurden jeweils 25 weibliche und
männliche Personen in den Altersgruppen 20–40 Jahre (Junge),
sowie 50–70 Jahre (Ältere) untersucht. Die Untersuchungen wurden
in aufrechter Körperhaltung mit 100% des
Oberkörpergewichts (90° Kippung), sowie während
isometrischer Maximalkraftversuche, jeweils in Flexions- und Extensionsrichtung
durchgeführt. Als funktionsbezogener Kraftwert wurde das
Verhältnis zwischen den Werten während der Maximalkraftversuche
und 100% Oberkörpergewichts- Halteübung als
Oberkörper-Kraftverhältnis (OKKV), bzw. für das
Oberflächen-EMG von Rumpfmuskeln als Muskel
Aktivierungsverhältnis (MAV) bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde das Extensions-
zu Flexionsverhältnis der maximalen Kraftwerte bestimmt (Ex-Flex-Ratio).
Generell waren die funktionellen Kraftwerte der Männer (OKKV Extension,
Junge: 2,37±0,36; Ältere: 2,12±0,55, OKKV Flexion,
Junge: 1,95±0,36; Ältere: 1,94±0,46) signifikant
höher als die der Frauen (OKKV Extension, Junge: 1,98±0,32;
Ältere: 1,60±0,38, OKKV Flexion, Junge: 1,52±0,27;
Ältere: 1,59±0,33). Im Altersvergleich konnten für beide
Geschlechter nur für die ältere Gruppe und hier nur für
die Extensions-OKKV signifikant niedrigere Werte nachgewiesen werden
(p<0,01). Infolge dessen fiel die Ex-Flex-Ratio für die
älteren Probanden ab, wies aber nur für die untersuchten Frauen
signifikante Altersunterschiede auf (Männer, Junge: 1,24±0,02,
Ältere: 1,12±0,28; Frauen, Junge: 1,33±0,26,
Ältere: 1,03±0,27, p<0,01). Die MAV-Werte können
seriös nur für die untersuchten Rückenmuskeln
interpretiert werden. Die Werte waren hier erneut in der älteren Gruppe
signifikant niedriger als in der jungen Gruppe. Geschlechtsunterschiede waren
nur für den M. longissimus (w<m p<0,01, beide
Altersgruppen), nicht aber für den M. multifidus nachweisbar. Im
Wertevergleich zwischen OKKV und MAV konnten altersgruppenspezifische
Unterschiede mit OKKV<MAV für die Jungen und OKKV>MAV
für die älteren Probanden identifiziert werden. Anhand der
vorgestellten Daten konnte ein funktioneller Kraftverlust der
Rückenmuskulatur mit zunehmendem Alter bei gesunden Probanden
nachgewiesen werden, nicht jedoch für die Bauchmuskulatur. Die ebenfalls
ermittelten Oberflächen-EMG-Kennwerte geben Hinweise auf eine
veränderte Faserzusammensetzung der Rückenmuskulatur für
ältere Personen.
Synthesis of New Fused 4H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole Derivatives via Decomposition of Methyl 4-Azido-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates
Authors: Fisyuk Alexander S. , Samsonenko Anna L. , Kostyuchenko Anastasia S. , Zheleznova Tatyana Yu. , Shuvalov Vladislav Yu. , Vlasov Igor S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is focused on the development of practical approaches to the synthesis of 4-azido-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates and 4-amino-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates using the Fiesselmann reaction. The photochemical and thermal (including microwave-assisted) decomposition of 4-azido-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates have been studied in order to synthesize fused 4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives. The proposed approaches allow to obtain functionally substituted heteroacenes, which are of interest as building blocks for organic semiconductors.
Detection of Barrett’s neoplasia with a near-infrared fluorescent heterodimeric peptide
Authors: Chen Jing , Jiang Yang , Chang Tse-Shao , Rubenstein Joel H. , Kwon Richard S. , Wamsteker Erik J. , Prabhu Anoop , Zhao Lili , Appelman Henry D. , Owens Scott R. , Beer David G. , Turgeon D. Kim , Seibel Eric J. , Wang Thomas D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis that is rising rapidly in incidence. We aimed to demonstrate specific binding by a peptide heterodimer to Barrett’s neoplasia in human subjects.
Methods Peptide monomers specific for EGFR and ErbB2 were arranged in a heterodimer configuration and labeled with IRDye800. This near-infrared (NIR) contrast agent was topically administered to patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) undergoing either endoscopic therapy or surveillance. Fluorescence images were collected using a flexible fiber accessory passed through the instrument channel of an upper gastrointestinal endoscope. Fluorescence images were collected from 31 BE patients. A deep learning model was used to segment the target (T) and background (B) regions.
Results The mean target-to-background (T/B) ratio was significantly greater for high grade dysplasia (HGD) and EAC versus BE, low grade dysplasia (LGD), and squamous epithelium. At a T/B ratio of 1.5, sensitivity and specificity of 94.1 % and 92.6 %, respectively, were achieved for the detection of Barrett’s neoplasia with an area under the curve of 0.95. No adverse events attributed to the heterodimer were found. EGFR and ErbB2 expression were validated in the resected specimens.
Conclusions This “first-in-human” clinical study demonstrates the feasibility of detection of early Barrett’s neoplasia using a NIR-labeled peptide heterodimer.
Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component 1,4-Carboarylation of 1,3-Enynes with Malonic Esters and Aryl Iodides
Authors: Li Yajun , Bao Jingjing , Wei Rongbiao , Bao Hongli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIonic 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes has often been conducted with strong nucleophiles or 1,3-enynes that are activated by an electron-withdrawing group. In this work, a palladium-catalyzed three-component ionic 1,4-carboarylation of 1,3-enynes is reported with arylated 1,3-enynes as the substrates. This method can afford various tetrasubstituted allenes with different functionalities. The palladium salt might play a key dual role in the reaction: as the catalyst to catalyze the cross-coupling reaction and as a Lewis acid to facilitate the nucleophilic attack. The synthetic value of this method is demonstrated by the further cyclization, decoration, and hydrolysis of the allene products.
Synthesis of the Icetexane Diterpenoids (±)-Rosmaridiphenol, (±)-Pisiferin, and (±)-Barbatusol from Abietane
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Le Thuy Quynh , Lee JuHui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the rearrangement of abietane core with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride in pyridine to afford the icetexane core, a key intermediate for total syntheses of the structurally intriguing and biologically active compounds (±)-barbatusol, (±)-rosmaridiphenol, and (±)-pisiferin.
Does winning a CSR Award increase firm value?
Authors: Benjamin Samuel Jebaraj , Biswas Pallab Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explores the effect of winning a corporate social responsibility (CSR) Award on firm value. Drawing on the stakeholder value maximization view of stakeholder theory, we analyze a sample of 14,039 US firm-years between 2002 and 2018 and find that winning a CSR Award is value enhancing. We further offer evidence that demonstrates how the CSR dimensions of environmental, social and governance criteria influence the CSR Award–firm value nexus. Our results are supported by a series of robustness tests. As CSR Awards are typically awarded to firms that excel in CSR, our findings are expected to encourage managers to pursue CSR more rigorously so as to attain high firm value.
Binocular mirror–symmetric microsaccadic sampling enables
Drosophila
hyperacute 3D vision
Authors: Kemppainen Joni , Scales Ben , Razban Haghighi Keivan , Takalo Jouni , Mansour Neveen , McManus James , Leko Gabor , Saari Paulus , Hurcomb James , Antohi Andra , Suuronen Jussi-Petteri , Blanchard Florence , Hardie Roger C. , Song Zhuoyi , Hampton Mark , Eckermann Marina , Westermeier Fabian , Frohn Jasper , Hoekstra Hugo , Lee Chi-Hon , Huttula Marko , Mokso Rajmund , Juusola Mikko 
Published: March 2022

Significance

To move efficiently, animals must continuously work out their x,y,z positions with respect to real-world objects, and many animals have a pair of eyes to achieve this. How photoreceptors actively sample the eyes’ optical image disparity is not understood because this fundamental information-limiting step has not been investigated in vivo over the eyes’ whole sampling matrix. This integrative multiscale study will advance our current understanding of stereopsis from static image disparity comparison to a morphodynamic active sampling theory. It shows how photomechanical photoreceptor microsaccades enable
Drosophila
superresolution three-dimensional vision and proposes neural computations for accurately predicting these flies’ depth-perception dynamics, limits, and visual behaviors.
Metal–organic cycle-based multistage assemblies
Authors: Sun Yan , Tuo Wei , Stang Peter J. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceDifferent from polymers or peptides (lacking metals), metal–organic cycles (MOCs) have properties which arise from the combination of metals and common nonmetal elements and topologies. The development of MOC supramolecular materials is in its infancy, and how the coordination bonds work to make the corresponding suprastructures is unknown. This has limited the potential application of these MOC-based materials. Considering the applications of individual MOCs, the study and discovery of the unique factors in MOC-involved multilevel self-assembly are critical to further our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms of metal-containing compounds. Here, a systematic study of MOC assembly in various solvent systems has confirmed the critical role of coordination linkers in tuning the shape and size of the MOC-derived suprastructures.
Hatching is modulated by microRNA-378a-3p derived from extracellular vesicles secreted by blastocysts
Authors: Pavani Krishna Chaitanya , Meese Tim , Pascottini Osvaldo Bogado , Guan XueFeng , Lin Xiaoyuan , Peelman Luc , Hamacher Joachim , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Deforce Dieter , Boel Annekatrien , Heindryckx Björn , Tilleman Kelly , Van Soom Ann , Gadella Bart M. , Hendrix An , Smits Katrien 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceHatching from the zona pellucida is a prerequisite for embryo implantation and is less likely to occur in vitro for reasons unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by the embryo into the culture medium. Yet the role that embryonic EVs and their cargo microRNAs (miRNAs) play in blastocyst hatching has not been elucidated, partially due to the difficulties of isolating them from low amounts of culture medium. Here, we optimized EV-miRNA isolation from medium conditioned by individually cultured bovine embryos and subsequently showed that miR-378a-3p, which was up-regulated in EVs secreted by blastocysts, plays a crucial role in promoting blastocyst hatching. This demonstrates the regulatory effect of miR-378-3p on hatching, which is an established embryo quality parameter linked with implantation.
Bottom-up reconstruction of viable GW170817 compatible Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theories
Authors: Oikonomou V K , Katzanis P D , Papadimitriou Ilias C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work we shall use a bottom-up approach for obtaining viable inflationary Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet models which are also compatible with the GW170817 event. Specifically, we shall use a recently developed theoretical framework in which we shall specify only the tensor-to-scalar ratio, in terms of the e-foldings number. Starting from the tensor-to-scalar ratio, we shall reconstruct from it the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory which can yield such a tensor-to-scalar ratio, finding the scalar potential and the Gauss–Bonnet coupling scalar function as functions of the e-foldings number. Accordingly, the calculation of the spectral index of the primordial scalar perturbations, and of the tensor spectral index easily is greatly simplified and these observational indices can easily be found. After presenting the general formalism for the bottom-up reconstruction, we exemplify our findings by presenting several Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet models of interest which yield a viable inflationary phenomenology. These models have also an interesting common characteristic, which is a blue tilted tensor spectral index. We also investigate the predicted energy spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves for these Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet models, and as we show, all the models yield a detectable primordial wave energy power spectrum.
Multi-parameter analysis of the obstacle scattering problem
Authors: Dalla Riva Matteo , Luzzini Paolo , Musolino Paolo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider the acoustic field scattered by a bounded impenetrable obstacle and we study its dependence upon a certain set of parameters. As usual, the problem is modeled by an exterior Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz equation Δu + k
2
u = 0. We show that the solution u and its far field pattern u
∞ depend real analytically on the shape of the obstacle, the wave number k, and the Dirichlet datum. We also prove a similar result for the corresponding Dirichlet-to-Neumann map.
Probing nanometal surface energy transfer between nanocopper and MoS2 for glutathione sensing
Authors: K Janani Archana , Balasubramanian Karthikeyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cu nanoparticles and 2D-MoS2 nanosheets have been synthesised and the morphology of the prepared samples has been characterised using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Steady-state fluorescence studies exhibit quenching of fluorescence intensity upon the addition of quencher in varying amounts. Time-resolved fluorescence studies show a reduction of fluorescence lifetime in the presence of quencher. A thorough investigation of energy transfer between MoS2 and copper nanoparticles has been accomplished using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies. The results are more consistent with the nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) theory, which follows a 1/d
4 distance dependence than the Förster resonance energy transfer theory exhibiting 1/d
6 distance dependence. For the MoS2–Cu pair, the NSET efficiency, the proximal distance between donor–acceptor pairs and the rate of energy transfer has been explored. Energy transfer-based fluorescent biosensors have been regarded as potential candidates in biosensing applications. Glutathione, an endogenous tripeptide compound, plays a vital role as an antioxidant in the human body. Irregular glutathione levels have been linked to several adverse illnesses. Henceforth, detection of glutathione levels is indispensable. The Cu–MoS2 pair was used for glutathione sensing in nanomolar concentration (nM), which demonstrated a turn-off sensing behaviour.