bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging with Science, Values, and Society: Introduction
Authors: Brigandt Ingo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhilosophical work on science and values has come to engage with the concerns of society and of stakeholders affected by science and policy, leading to socially relevant philosophy of science and socially engaged philosophy of science. This special issue showcases instances of socially relevant philosophy of science, featuring contributions on a diversity of topics by Janet Kourany, Andrew Schroeder, Alison Wylie, Kristen Intemann, Joyce Havstad, Justin Biddle, Kevin Elliott, and Ingo Brigandt.
The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) via staff work and household networks in residential aged-care services in Victoria, Australia, May–October 2020
Authors: Sullivan Sheena G. , Sadewo Giovanni Radhitio P. , Brotherton Julia M. , Kaufman Claire , Goldsmith Jessie J. , Whiting Sarah , Wu Logan , Canevari Jose T. , Lusher Dean 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been significant among elderly residents of residential aged-care services (RACS). To prevent incursions of COVID-19 in RACS in Australia, visitors were banned and aged-care workers were encouraged to work at a single site. We conducted a review of case notes and a social network analysis to understand how workplace and social networks enabled the spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among RACS.Design:Retrospective outbreak review.Setting and participants:Staff involved in COVID-19 outbreaks in RACS in Victoria, Australia, May–October 2020.Methods:The Victorian Department of Health COVID-19 case and contact data were reviewed to construct 2 social networks: (1) a work network connecting RACS through workers and (2) a household network connecting to RACS through households. Probable index cases were reviewed to estimate the number and size (number of resident cases and deaths) of outbreaks likely initiated by multisite work versus transmission via households.Results:Among 2,033 cases linked to an outbreak as staff, 91 (4.5%) were multisite staff cases. Forty-three outbreaks were attributed to multisite work and 35 were deemed potentially preventable had staff worked at a single site. In addition, 99 staff cases were linked to another RACS outbreak through their household contacts, and 21 outbreaks were attributed to staff–household transmission.Conclusions:Limiting worker mobility through single-site policies could reduce the chances of SARS-CoV-2 spreading from one RACS to another. However, initiatives that reduce the chance of transmission via household networks would also be needed.
Identifying and minimising the impact of fake visual media: Current and future directions
Authors: Nightingale Sophie J. , Wade Kimberley A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, society has seen incredible advances in digital technology, resulting in the wide availability of cheap and easy-to-use software for creating highly sophisticated fake visual content. This democratisation of creating such content, paired with the ease of sharing it via social media, means that ill-intended fake images and videos pose a significant threat to society. To minimise this threat, it is necessary to be able to distinguish between real and fake content; to date, however, human perceptual research indicates that people have an extremely limited ability to do so. Generally, computational techniques fair better in these tasks, yet remain imperfect. What's more, this challenge is best considered as an arms race – as scientists improve detection techniques, fraudsters find novel ways to deceive. We believe that it is crucial to continue to raise awareness of the visual forgeries afforded by new technology and to examine both human and computational ability to sort the real from the fake. In this article, we outline three considerations for how society deals with future technological developments that aim to help secure the benefits of that technology while minimising its possible threats. We hope these considerations will encourage interdisciplinary discussion and collaboration that ultimately goes some way to limit the proliferation of harmful content and help to restore trust online.
Failing to Fight for the “Russian World”: Pre-War Social Origins of the Pro-Russian Secessionist Organizations in Ukraine
Authors: Laryš Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe existing literature explains the war in Donbas and the rationale for why conflict broke out there while failing to do so in other Ukrainian provinces, such as Odesa or Kharkiv. Local pro-Russian organizations could not attract considerable attention and support in the pre-war period in all parts of Ukraine, except for Crimea. The social marginalization and negligible influence of the pro-Russian organizations among the locals presumably stemmed from their weak social ties among the local population. The question is why they had such weak social embeddedness in the local societies despite relatively popular pro-Russian sympathies in these regions? Surprisingly, nobody has sought to explain the social origins of the pro-Russian movements as a source of their weakness and failure to be sparked by the anti-Ukrainian rebellion in 2014.
Development of a micro air vehicle
Authors: Watkins S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aerodynamic characteristics of five planar flying wing plan-forms suitable for micro air vehicles (MAVs) are investigated via a series of wind-tunnel tests. The external boundary of the five plan-forms result from slender carbon fibre (CF) struts under various degrees of buckling. The maximum lift/drag ratios were similar for all the (quite different) shapes but the stall characteristics were found to be markedly different. Results are presented of cross-plane traverses detailing the wake vector field and turbulence characteristics for two of the planforms at conditions close to stall. A MAV, based on mylar-covered buckled CF struts, is described. The MAV utilises elevon control based on modified commercially available micro radio control systems.
Residential Integration on Fair Terms for the Disadvantaged
Authors: Kim Hwa Young , Walton Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to normative debates about residential segregation and its relationship to inequality. It defends a position often disregarded in literature: that there is merit to advancing residential integration through some scenarios where advantaged individuals move to disadvantaged areas. It develops this case in dialogue with three other views. In relation to advocates of addressing the inequalities of residential segregation through redistribution, it defends integration as a means of tackling social and political factors that sustain injustice. It challenges those who defend relocating disadvantaged individuals to advantaged areas by highlighting the burdens and demand for cultural assimilation this imposes on the disadvantaged. It considers the worry that advantaged individuals relocating to disadvantaged areas harbours the problematic features of gentrification. It responds that these concerns, while important in some cases, do not arise in all scenarios of this kind.
DEFICIENT BY DESIGN? THE TRANSNATIONAL ENFORCEMENT OF THE GDPR
Authors: Gentile Giulia , Lynskey Orla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFour years following the entry into force of the EU data protection framework (the GDPR) serious questions remain regarding its enforcement, particularly in transnational contexts. While this transnational under-enforcement is often attributed to the role of key national authorities in the GDPR's procedures, this article identifies more systemic flaws. It examines whether the GDPR procedures are deficient-by-design and, if not, how these flaws might be addressed. The conclusions reached inform our understanding of how to secure effective protection of the EU Charter right to data protection. They are also of significance to EU law enforcement more generally given the increasing prevalence of composite decision-making as the mechanism of choice to administer EU law.
THE DEFINITION OF APARTHEID IN CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Jackson Miles 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite recent and increasing attention to the wrong of apartheid in international politics, some basic definitional questions remain uncertain. This article seeks to delineate the definition of apartheid in international law. Its focus is on the prohibition of apartheid binding States in custom and the obligation in Article 3 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. In both cases, the article shows that the Apartheid Convention of 1973 supplies the wrong's definition. Thereafter, the article addresses three key elements that will be central to determining an allegation of apartheid: its wrongful acts, its distinctive purpose requirement, and the issue of what constitutes a ‘racial group’. Finally, the article also draws attention to the wider importance of the prohibition of apartheid in the international legal system. International law marks with particular normative significance a set of practices entailing systematic and structural harms that need not involve violations of life or bodily integrity.
Design of a flower shaped compact printed antenna for ultra-wideband communication
Authors: Golait Manohar , Gaikwad Mahendra , Patil Balasaheb H. , Varun Yadav Manish , Baudha Sudeep , Kumar Bramhane Lokesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this communication, a compact flower shaped printed antenna for ultra-wideband communication is proposed. The “flower-shaped” structure is capable of transmitting UWB-band signals. The designed antenna exhibits a return loss ranging from 2.3 to 11 GHz with an 8.7 GHz central frequency and has 130% relative bandwidth. The suggested design includes a patch in the shape of a flower with several slots fed by a microstrip line. Multiple slots have been designed for better resonances at lower modes. The antenna is constructed with an FR4 substrate, and a 50 Ω A-type connector feeds it. The optimum dimensions of the designed antenna are 12 × 16 × 1.6 cubic-millimeters and 0.092λ × .12λ × 0.012λ in lambda. The proposed structure also demonstrates stable radiation patterns across the operating bandwidth. The proposed radiator has a high gain of 2.67 dBi, and an efficiency of 85%. It is compact, lightweight, and easy to make. Therefore, it can be used for UWB applications.
Provenance Analysis of the Andrée Land Basin and Implications for the Paleogeography of Svalbard in the Devonian
Authors: Anfinson Owen A. , Odlum Margo L. , Piepjohn Karsten , Poulaki Eirini M. , Shephard Grace E. , Stockli Daniel F. , Levang Devin , Jensen Maria A. , Pavlovskaia Elena A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the Devonian, the Svalbard Archipelago lay at low latitudes, occupying a paleogeographic position at the intersection of Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogens. Provenance analysis, including detrital zircon U‐Pb age studies, of Devonian (ca. 420–360 Ma) strata from the Andrée Land Basin, Svalbard, help reconstruct sediment sources to understand the assembly of the three basement provinces that make up Svalbard, which are presently separated by Devonian sedimentary basins and(or) faults with syn‐to post‐Devonian displacement. The studied Andrée Land Group strata, which are part of the North Atlantic's Old Red Sandstone, consist of the Early Devonian Wood Bay Formation and Middle to Late Devonian Mimerdalen subgroup. Paleocurrent indicators from Lower to lower‐Middle Devonian strata record north‐directed sediment transport. Detrital zircon U‐Pb ages indicate a prominent “Caledonian” signal and include sources from Svalbard's Northwestern and(or) Southwestern basement provinces. In Middle and Upper Devonian strata, paleocurrents and detrital zircon ages record a shift to a predominantly eastern‐northeastern provenance, likely from the uplifting Ny‐Friesland block along the Billefjorden Fault Zone. Late Ediacaran‐early Cambrian detrital zircons in the uppermost Planteryggen Formation (Frasnian) indicate extrabasinal sources possibly associated with the Timanian orogen of Northern Baltica. The combined provenance data suggest Svalbard may have already been assembled, similar to the modern block, with the Andrée Land Basin located between modern exposures of the Southwestern/Northwestern and the Northeastern basement provinces. Comparison of detrital zircon ages from Andrée Land Group strata with those from other circum Arctic Devonian strata provides constraints on Svalbard's paleogeographic position in the Devonian.
A predictive ensemble classifier for the gene expression diagnosis of ASD at ages 1 to 4 years
Authors: Bao Bokan , Zahiri Javad , Gazestani Vahid H. , Lopez Linda , Xiao Yaqiong , Kim Raphael , Wen Teresa H. , Chiang Austin W. T. , Nalabolu Srinivasa , Pierce Karen , Robasky Kimberly , Wang Tianyun , Hoekzema Kendra , Eichler Evan E. , Lewis Nathan E. , Courchesne Eric 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis remains behavior-based and the median age of diagnosis is ~52 months, nearly 5 years after its first-trimester origin. Accurate and clinically-translatable early-age diagnostics do not exist due to ASD genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Here we collected clinical, diagnostic, and leukocyte RNA data from 240 ASD and typically developing (TD) toddlers (175 toddlers for training and 65 for test). To identify gene expression ASD diagnostic classifiers, we developed 42,840 models composed of 3570 gene expression feature selection sets and 12 classification methods. We found that 742 models had AUC-ROC ≥ 0.8 on both Training and Test sets. Weighted Bayesian model averaging of these 742 models yielded an ensemble classifier model with accurate performance in Training and Test gene expression datasets with ASD diagnostic classification AUC-ROC scores of 85–89% and AUC-PR scores of 84–92%. ASD toddlers with ensemble scores above and below the overall ASD ensemble mean of 0.723 (on a scale of 0 to 1) had similar diagnostic and psychometric scores, but those below this ASD ensemble mean had more prenatal risk events than TD toddlers. Ensemble model feature genes were involved in cell cycle, inflammation/immune response, transcriptional gene regulation, cytokine response, and PI3K-AKT, RAS and Wnt signaling pathways. We additionally collected targeted DNA sequencing smMIPs data on a subset of ASD risk genes from 217 of the 240 ASD and TD toddlers. This DNA sequencing found about the same percentage of SFARI Level 1 and 2 ASD risk gene mutations in TD (12 of 105) as in ASD (13 of 112) toddlers, and classification based only on the presence of mutation in these risk genes performed at a chance level of 49%. By contrast, the leukocyte ensemble gene expression classifier correctly diagnostically classified 88% of TD and ASD toddlers with ASD risk gene mutations. Our ensemble ASD gene expression classifier is diagnostically predictive and replicable across different toddler ages, races, and ethnicities; out-performs a risk gene mutation classifier; and has potential for clinical translation.
High-fat diet induced cyclophilin B enhances STAT3/lncRNA-PVT1 feedforward loop and promotes growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Guo Hanqing , Zhuang Kun , Ding Ning , Hua Rui , Tang Hailing , Wu Yue , Yuan Zuyi , Li Ting , He Shuixiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh-fat diet (HFD) has been implicated to promote colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, oncogene Cyclophilin B (CypB) is reported to be induced by cholesterol. However, the role of CypB in CRC carcinogenesis and metastasis associated with HFD remains unknown. In the present study, we showed that HFD-induced CypB enhances proliferation and metastasis through an inflammation-driven circuit, including Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3)-triggered transcription of lncRNA-PVT1, and its binding with CypB that promotes activation of STAT3. CypB was found to be upregulated in CRC, which was correlated with elevated body mass index and poor prognosis. HFD induced CypB expression and proinflammatory cytokines in colon of mice. Besides, CypB restoration facilitated growth, invasion and metastasis in CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, RIP sequencing data identified lncRNA-PVT1 as a functional binding partner of CypB. Mechanistically, PVT1 increased the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 in response to IL-6, through directly interaction with CypB, which impedes the binding of Suppressors Of Cytokine Signalling 3 (SOCS3) to STAT3. Furthermore, STAT3 in turn activated PVT1 transcription through binding to its promoter, forming a regulatory loop. Finally, this CypB/STAT3/PVT1 axis was verified in TCGA datasets and CRC tissue arrays. Our data revealed that CypB linked HFD and CRC malignancy by enhancing the CypB/STAT3/PVT1 feedforward axis and activation of STAT3.
Results from a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, multiple ascending dose study characterizing the pharmacokinetics and demonstrating the safety and selectivity of the aldosterone synthase inhibitor baxdrostat in healthy volunteers
Authors: Freeman Mason W. , Bond Mary , Murphy Brian , Hui James , Isaacsohn Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBaxdrostat is a selective inhibitor of aldosterone synthase designed for the treatment of disorders associated with elevated aldosterone. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple ascending doses of baxdrostat in healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomized to receive oral baxdrostat (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, or 5.0 mg) or placebo once daily for 10 days and were placed on either a low-salt or normal-salt diet for the duration of the study. Blood samples were collected before and after dosing on days 1 and 10 to characterize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Safety was assessed by adverse events, physical examinations, electrocardiograms, orthostatic vital signs, and clinical laboratory evaluations. Fifty-four subjects completed the study. There were no deaths or serious adverse events, and all treatment-emergent adverse events in subjects receiving baxdrostat were mild in severity. Plasma levels of baxdrostat increased proportionally with ascending doses, with peak concentrations observed within 4 h after dosing and a mean half-life of 26 to 31 h. A dose-dependent reduction of plasma aldosterone occurred with baxdrostat doses ≥1.5 mg, regardless of diet. Decreases in plasma aldosterone were sustained, with levels reduced by approximately 51 to 73% on day 10. Baxdrostat had no meaningful impact on plasma cortisol levels and resulted in mild dose-dependent decreases in plasma sodium levels and increases in potassium levels. Baxdrostat was safe and well tolerated with a half-life that supports once-daily dosing. The dose-dependent reduction in plasma aldosterone and lack of effect on cortisol demonstrate the selective blockade of aldosterone synthase.
Revisiting the specificity and ability of phospho-S129 antibodies to capture alpha-synuclein biochemical and pathological diversity
Authors: Lashuel Hilal A. , Mahul-Mellier Anne-Laure , Novello Salvatore , Hegde Ramanath Narayana , Jasiqi Yllza , Altay Melek Firat , Donzelli Sonia , DeGuire Sean M. , Burai Ritwik , Magalhães Pedro , Chiki Anass , Ricci Jonathan , Boussouf Manel , Sadek Ahmed , Stoops Erik , Iseli Christian , Guex Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntibodies against phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (aSyn) at S129 have emerged as the primary tools to investigate, monitor, and quantify aSyn pathology in the brain and peripheral tissues of patients with Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we demonstrate that the co-occurrence of multiple pathology-associated C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) (e.g., phosphorylation at Tyrosine 125 or truncation at residue 133 or 135) differentially influences the detection of pS129-aSyn species by pS129-aSyn antibodies. These observations prompted us to systematically reassess the specificity of the most commonly used pS129 antibodies against monomeric and aggregated forms of pS129-aSyn in mouse brain slices, primary neurons, mammalian cells and seeding models of aSyn pathology formation. We identified two antibodies that are insensitive to pS129 neighboring PTMs. Although most pS129 antibodies showed good performance in detecting aSyn aggregates in cells, neurons and mouse brain tissue containing abundant aSyn pathology, they also showed cross-reactivity towards other proteins and often detected non-specific low and high molecular weight bands in aSyn knock-out samples that could be easily mistaken for monomeric or high molecular weight aSyn species. Our observations suggest that not all pS129 antibodies capture the biochemical and morphological diversity of aSyn pathology, and all should be used with the appropriate protein standards and controls when investigating aSyn under physiological conditions. Finally, our work underscores the need for more pS129 antibodies that are not sensitive to neighboring PTMs and more thorough characterization and validation of existing and new antibodies.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of the microbial degradation of 3-aminobenzoic acid by Comamonas sp. QT12
Authors: Zhao Shuxue , Pan Chao , Zhao Junxing , Du Haiyan , Li Min , Yu Hao , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA mab cluster associated with 3-aminobenzoic acid (3AB) degradation was identified in Comamonas sp. QT12. However, the cellular response of Comamonas sp. QT12 to 3-aminobenzoic acid remains unclear. In this study, label-free quantitative proteome analysis based on LC–MS/MS was used to study the protein expression difference of strain QT12 under the condition of using 3AB (3AB) and citric acid/ammonium chloride as substrates (3ABCon). A total of 2068 proteins were identified, of which 239 were significantly up-regulated in 3AB group, 124 were significantly down-regulated in 3AB group, 624 were expressed only in 3AB group, and 216 were expressed only in 3ABCon group in 3AB group. KEGG pathway analysis found that 83 pathways were up-regulated and 49 pathways were down-regulated, In GO analysis, 315 paths were up-regulated and 156 paths were down-regulated. There were 6 genes in the mab cluster that were only detected in the 3AB group.The mab cluster was found to be related to degradation of 3AB. By knockout, it was found that the growth rate of the mutant △orf7 and △orf9 were slowed down. HPLC results showed that the mutant △orf7 and △orf9 could still degrade 3AB, it was found that orf7, orf9 were not key genes about 3AB degradation and they could be replaced by other genes in strain QT12. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response of 3AB degradation in Comamonas bacterium.