bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of multi-level interventions on the second-wave SARS-CoV-2 transmission in China
Authors: He Yuanchen , Chen Yinzi , Yang Lin , Zhou Ying , Ye Run , Wang Xiling 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundA re-emergence of COVID-19 occurred in the northeast of China in early 2021. Different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions, from mass testing to city-level lockdown, were implemented to contain the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Our study is aimed to evaluate the impact of multi-level control measures on the second-wave SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the most affected cities in China.MethodsFive cities with over 100 reported COVID-19 cases within one month from Dec 2020 to Feb 2021 were included in our analysis. We fitted the exponential growth model to estimate basic reproduction number (R0), and used a Bayesian approach to assess the dynamics of the time-varying reproduction number (Rt). We fitted linear regression lines onRtestimates for comparing the decline rates ofRtacross cities, and the slopes were tested by analysis of covariance. The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) was quantified by relativeRtreduction and statistically compared by analysis of variance.ResultsA total of 2,609 COVID-19 cases were analyzed in this study. We estimated thatR0all exceeded 1, with the highest value of 3.63 (1.36, 8.53) in Haerbin and the lowest value of 2.45 (1.44, 3.98) in Shijiazhuang. Downward trends ofRtwere found in all cities, and the starting time ofRt< 1 was around the 12th day of the first local COVID-19 cases. Statistical tests on regression slopes ofRtand effect of NPIs both showed no significant difference across five cities (P= 0.126 and 0.157).ConclusionTimely implemented NPIs could control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with low-intensity measures for places where population immunity has not been established.
Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Two case reports
Authors: Zhao Xing , Hao Pengyu , Tian Jiangbei , Sun Jirun , Chen Dawei , Cui Zhehui , Xin Libo , Song Yanmin , Zhang Gang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study reports two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) presenting as the thyroid goiter, involving one case of primary squamous cell carcinoma originating from the thyroid (PSCCT) and the other case of secondary SCCT of the thyroid. A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological findings was done in this study report. In case 1, the thyroid ultrasound showed multi-hypoechoic well-defined nodules, labeled as 3 using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System, measuring 34.1 mm × 28.9 mm × 30.3 mm and 26.5 mm × 22.2 mm × 23.9 mm in the left in the right lobar thyroid, respectively. The patient underwent surgery and was histologically diagnosed with PSCCT. In case 2, the thyroid ultrasound showed a 25.2 mm × 22.2 mm × 18.8 mm hypoechoic nodule in the right lobar thyroid. The patient underwent a frozen biopsy, the results of which increased suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma. A frozen biopsy was followed by an endoscopic evaluation that detected an ulcerative mass measuring 3.0 cm within the mucosa of esophagus. Due to a scarcity of cases, SCCT is a great challenge for the pathologists and the managing team to come up with the best treatment strategy for the patients.
A Mathematical Model for Blood Flow Accounting for the Hematological Disorders
Authors: Karthik A. , Kumar P.T.V. Praveen , Radhika T.S.L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper considers a mathematical model that accounts for the hematological disorders of blood in its flow in human arteries. Blood is described as a Newtonian fluid but with its viscosity as a function of the hematocrit, plasma viscosity, and shape factor of the red blood cells. The artery is modeled as a flexible circular pipe with the blood flow as oscillatory. This model is solved using HAM (Homotopy Analysis Method), an approximate analytical method, and we computed expressions for wall shear stress (WSS) and volumetric flow rate. With the help of publicly available data, blood flow in the human femoral artery for male and female populations aged 19 to 60 and above years is simulated for healthy, anemia, and polycythemia cases. The model projected a significant difference in the mean volumetric flow rates in the conditions mentioned above. Results also indicated that the mean WSS of healthy and anemic populations are not significantly different. However, a significant difference in the mean has been observed in healthy and polycythemic conditions. Furthermore, a 33.3% decrease in hematocrit value from that in the normal range (taken as 0.45) of a healthy population has increased the flow rate by 33.5%. For a value 33.3% above 0.45, there is a decrease of 42.7% in the flow rate.
The Odious Haitian Independence Debt
Authors: Oosterlinck Kim , Panizza Ugo , Weidemaier Mark , Gulati Mitu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article introduces the Haitian Independence Debt of 1825 to the odious debt and sovereign debt literatures. We argue that the legal doctrine of odious debt is surprisingly and perhaps indefensibly narrow, possibly because of historical contingency rather than any underlying logic or principle. The story of the Haitian Independence Debt of 1825 serves as an illustrative case study. In the context of telling that story, we provide estimates of the evolution of Haiti’s external debt-to-GDP ratio over 1825–2020, and discuss the implications of the independence debt for the economy of Haiti. We conclude by discussing the implications of Haiti’s Independence Debt for the doctrine of odious debt and the possibilities for Haiti to recover compensation.
In silico studies of natural product-like caffeine derivatives as potential MAO-B inhibitors/AA2AR antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Boulaamane Yassir , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Britel Mohammed Reda , Maurady Amal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is considered the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. It is described by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain. For many decades, L-DOPA has been considered as the gold standard for treating Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms, however, due to the decrease of efficacy, in the long run, there is an urgent need for novel antiparkinsonian drugs. Caffeine derivatives have been reported several times for their neuroprotective properties and dual blockade of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and adenosine A2A receptors (AA2AR). Natural products are currently attracting more focus due to structural diversity and safety in contrast to synthetic drugs. In the present work, computational studies were conducted on natural product-like caffeine derivatives to search for novel potent candidates acting as dual MAO-B inhibitors/AA2AR antagonists for Parkinson’s disease. Our findings revealed two natural products among the top hits: CNP0202316 and CNP0365210 fulfill the requirements of drugs acting on the brain. The selected lead compounds were further studied using molecular dynamics simulation to assess their stability with MAO-B. Current findings might shift the interest towards natural-based compounds and could be exploited to further optimize caffeine derivatives into a successful dual-target-directed drug for managing and halting the neuronal damage in Parkinson’s disease patients.
Meaning differences between the inputs to syntactic blends
Authors: Ponsford Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen speakers combine (or blend) expressions – that is, utter them in overlapping fashion – there is usually some degree of semantic overlap between the expressions. There is much agreement on this point. Some authors have gone further and suggested that the expressions involved are usually synonyms or near-synonyms. Others have gone further still, claiming, at least implicitly, that blends always involve synonyms or near-synonyms. In this paper I show that in many cases where expressions are combined they differ substantially in meaning, in some cases even expressing distinguishable events. I show that there is regularity in the nature of the differences in meaning, and that the differences often correspond to construal distinctions identified in the cognitive linguistics literature. Four degrees of semantic overlap between combined expressions are identified: synonymy; subsumption, where the meaning of one expression encompasses that of the other as well as contributing a bit extra; partial complementarity, where each expression conveys some element of meaning not conveyed by the other; and distinctness. Despite the parsing cost to the hearer of the speaker combining two expressions rather than choosing one over the other, the many cases of partial complementarity can be seen as serving a useful purpose. By combining semantic content that is not conventionally combined the speaker can cover more of his/her intended meaning. And by combining different construals of the same semantic content (e.g. interpretive and descriptive, different viewpoints, stative and dynamic, agentive and non-agentive, etc.) the speaker can equivocate in areas where conventionally a commitment is required. Twelve recurrent meaning differences are illustrated with examples from three different datasets.
Biased, not lazy: assessing the effect of COVID-19 misinformation tactics on perceptions of inaccuracy and fakeness
Authors: Tsang Stephanie Jean 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
In light of the fact that people have more opportunities to encounter scientific misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, this research aimed to examine how different types of misinformation impact readers’ evaluations of messages and to identify the mechanisms (motivated reasoning hypothesis vs. classical reasoning theory) underlying those evaluations of message inaccuracy and fakeness.

Design/methodology/approach
This research employed data from an online experiment conducted in Hong Kong in March 2022, when the fifth COVID-19 wave peaked. The data were collected using quota sampling established by age based on census data (N = 835).

Findings
In general, the participants were not able to discern manipulated content from misinterpreted content. When given a counter-attitudinal message, those who read a message with research findings as supporting evidence rated the message as being more inaccurate and fake than those who read the same message but with quotes as supporting evidence. Contrary, one’s disposition to engage in analytical thinking and reasoning was not found to impact assessments of information inaccuracy and fakeness.

Implications
With respect to the debate about whether people are susceptible to misinformation because of cognitive laziness or because they want to protect their personal beliefs, the findings provide evidence of the motivated reasoning hypothesis. Media literacy programs should identify strategies to prepare readers to be attentive to personal biases on information processing.

Originality/value
Although many researchers have attempted to identify the mechanisms underlying readers’ susceptibility to misinformation, this research makes a distinction between misinterpreted and manipulated content. Furthermore, although the Cognitive Reflection Test is widely studied in the Western context, this research tested this disposition in Hong Kong. Future research should continue to empirically test the effects of different types of misinformation on readers and develop distinct strategies in response to the diverse effects found.
The naming of emotions in dispute mediators’ strategic manoeuvring: a case study using a French language corpus
Authors: Greco Sara , Cigada Sara , Jermini-Martinez Soria Chiara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper sets out to analyse why dispute mediators identify disputants’ euphoric and dysphoric emotions in the context of mediation discussions, turning them into “said” emotions. Our analysis is based on a corpus of seven role-played mediation sessions, which took place in French. Adopting the notion of strategic manoeuvring from argumentation studies, we consider recurring instances of the presentational device of naming emotions, as used by the mediators. Our findings show that the mediators name emotions in two ways. First, they identify dysphoric emotions that lie at the root of the parties’ conflict, making these explicit. Second, they present to the parties a trajectory of their emotions, which moves from dysphoric to euphoric through the discussion that takes place during mediation. These two presentational strategies correspond to three functions that relate to the mediator’s goal of helping the parties find a solution to their conflict: clarifying the core of the conflict, empowering the parties as co-arguers and making emotions part of an argumentative discussion.
Influence of Bacillus subtilis on the surface behavior and separation of talc and chlorite minerals
Authors: El-Sayed Samah M. , Abdalla Samah S. , Abdel-Khalek Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis was used as a bio-surface modifier to improve the floatability of talc mineral (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) in the talc ore. The surface behavior of chlorite mineral as the main associated gangue with talc mineral was studied in the presence of B. subtilis using zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The floatability of both minerals was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, and concentration of B. subtilis. The results showed that the zeta potential of the talc mineral was strongly influenced by the treatment with B. subtilis. The maximum separation efficiency of talc from chlorite was achieved at pH 4. A talc concentrate with 98% quality and about 95% recovery was prepared from a binary talc-chlorite mixture containing 85% talc under optimum conditions of 8 × 105 cells/mL B. subtilis, pH 4, 35°C, and a contact time of 10 min.
A New Tool to Effectively Control Groove Dimensions in Low-Plasticity Soils during the Casagrande Cup Liquid Limit Test
Authors: Moreno-Maroto José Manuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the most commonly used methods to determine the liquid limit (LL) of soil is based on the Casagrande apparatus, in which grooving with specially designed tools is required for its determination. Given the impossibility of obtaining a groove of controlled dimensions in soils of low cohesion with the standardized flat, curved, or hollow grooving tools (thus assuming a certain degree of uncertainty in the final results obtained), this paper introduces a new grooving tool, which, in combination with the curved one, does allow obtaining grooves of equal dimensions in low-plasticity soils to those obtained with the flat tool in cohesive soils. In this sense, the application of the new tool would reduce the uncertainty in the results obtained when using the curved one in low-cohesion soils, because while it does not control the depth of the groove, the proposed device does. In addition to showing how to use this new tool correctly, a series of drawings with its dimensions are also presented to facilitate its incorporation into the LL standards as well as its acquisition by those who are interested in its use.
Laboratory Evaluation on Interlayer Shear Bonding and Characterization of Microsurfacings
Authors: Raab Christiane , Partl Manfred N. , Besson Clément 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Initiated by research on microsurfacings conducted in the Task Group TG 2 of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures RILEM TC-280 CBE, “Multiphase Characterisation of Cold Bitumen Emulsion Materials,” the interlayer shear bonding of microsurfacings on asphalt and concrete layers was investigated in the laboratory. The paper presents interlayer bonding test results conducted at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials science and Technology, Empa, thus analyzing the influence of bitumen emulsion and aggregate type on the interlayer bonding strength as well as material and surface condition of the underlying layer. The results showed that not only the type, but also the combination of bitumen emulsion and aggregate type greatly influences workability, behavior, and interlayer bond strength of microsurfacings. Additionally, curing time and the surface characteristic of the bottom layer should not be neglected.
Large-Scale Mapping of Vocalization-Related Activity in the Functionally Diverse Nuclei in Rat Posterior Brainstem
Authors: Concha-Miranda Miguel , Tang Wei , Hartmann Konstantin , Brecht Michael 
Published: September 2022

The identity and location of vocalization pattern generating (VPG) circuits in mammals is debated. Based on physiological experiments, investigators suggested anterior brainstem circuits in the reticular formation, and anatomic evidence suggested the nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) in the posterior brainstem, or combinations of these sites as the putative mammalian VPG. Additionally, vocalization loudness is a critical factor in acoustic communication. However, many of the underlying neuronal mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we evoked calls by stimulation of the periaqueductal gray in anesthetized male rats, performed a large-scale mapping of vocalization-related activity using the activity marker c-fos, and high-density recordings of brainstem circuits using Neuropixels probes. Both c-fosexpression and recording of vocalization-related activity point to a participation of the NRA in vocalization. More important, among our recorded structures, we found that the NRA is the only brainstem area showing a strong correlation between unit activity and call intensity. In addition, we observed functionally diverse patterns of vocalization-related activity in a set of regions around NRA. Dorsal to NRA, we observed activity specific to the beginning and end of vocalizations in the posterior level of the medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal part, whereas medial and lateral to the NRA, we observed activity related to call initiation. No clear vocalization-related activity was observed at anterior brainstem sites. Our findings suggest a set of functionally heterogeneous regions around the NRA contribute to vocal pattern generation in rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVocalization patterns are shaped in the mammalian brainstem, but the identity and location of the circuits involved is debated. Additionally, the neuronal mechanisms of vocal intensity control are still unknown. This study consisted of a large-scale mapping of brainstem vocalization circuits based on the activity marker c-fosand high-density recordings with Neuropixels probes. The results confirm the role of nucleus retroambiguus in call production and point to a key role of neurons in this nucleus in loudness control. Dorsal to the nucleus retroambiguus and in the posterior medulla, the authors identify neurons with activity specific to the beginning and end of vocalizations. The results point to specific neural dials for various aspects of rat vocalization control in the posterior brainstem.
Biomechanical and Chemical Behavior of Various Bioactive Materials in Class II Restorations
Authors: Ramírez Barrantes Juan Carlos , Quesada Rojas Francisco Javier 
Published: September 2022

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biomechanical and chemical behavior of various bioactive materials in class II MOD restorations. Forty-eight standardized class II MOD cavities were prepared in sound extracted human molar teeth. The specimens were divided into four groups according to the restorative material: Group 1 (Filtek™ Z350 XT), Group 2 (Biodentine™ as a liner, and then restored with Filtek™ Z350 XT), Group 3 (Cention N™), and Group 4 (Activa™ Bioactive-Restorative). The samples were tested for fracture resistance by subjecting them to a compressive load in a Universal testing Machine. The failure modes of each specimen were evaluated. The alkalinizing potential and calcium ion release of the materials were measured. SEM-EDAX analyses were also performed for all materials. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). Group 1 showed the higher fracture resistance (p<0.05). Group 3 had greater fracture resistance values but no statistical difference from Group 4. Biodentine™ showed greater biomineralization potential. Class II MOD restorations of Group 1 displayed the higher fracture resistance; however, it was highly associated with catastrophic failure. Conversely, Biodentine™ presented a more significant bioactivity potential, and its use, as in Group 2, promoted the most favorable failure mode.
Brain default mode network mediates the association between negative perfectionism and exercise dependence
Authors: Xie Hongsheng , Zhang Feifei , Cao Yuan , Long Xipeng , Wu Baolin , Gong Qiyong , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Perfectionism is correlated with the occurrence of exercise dependence. We aim to reveal the role of functional connectivity (FC) between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) networks in the association between perfectionism and exercise dependence.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, one hundred ten participants with exercise dependence underwent behavioral evaluation and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Perfectionism and exercise dependence were quantified using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) and Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS). We used a K-means clustering algorithm to identify functional GM and WM networks and obtained the FCs of the GM-GM, GM-WM, and WM-WM networks. Partial correlation and mediation analyses were performed to explore the relationships among FCs, FMPS, and EDS.

Results
We identified ten stable GM networks and nine WM networks. Of these, FCs existed between the corona radiata network (WM1) and default mode network (DMN, GM8), WM1 network and WM DMN (WM4), WM1 network and midbrain WM network (WM7), and WM4 network and inferior longitudinal fasciculus network (WM9). The WM1-GM8 and WM1-WM4 FCs were positively correlated with the EDS and negative FMPS. The mediating effects of the WM1-GM8 and WM1-WM4 FCs were established in the association between the negative dimensional FMPS and EDS.

Discussion and Conclusions
The WM1 network anatomically linked the subregions within the GM8 and WM4 networks, and WM1-GM8 and WM1-WM4 FCs mediated the association between negative dimensional FMPS and EDS. These findings indicated that DMN function might be involved in the increased risks of exercise dependence promoted by negative perfectionism.