bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological effects of glutamine supplementation in polytrauma patients in intensive care unit
Authors: Cotoia Antonella , Cantatore Leonarda Pia , Beck Renata , Tullo Livio , Fortarezza Donatella , Marchese Flavia , Ferrara Giuseppe , Cinnella Gilda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In polytrauma intensive care unit (ICU) patients, glutamine (GLN) becomes a “conditionally essential” amino acid; its role has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials but their results are inconclusive.
We evaluated the IgA-mediated humoral immunity after GLN supplementation in polytrauma ICU patients.

Methods
All consecutive patients with polytrauma who required mechanical ventilation and enteral nutrition (EN) provided within 24 h since the admission in ICU at the University Hospital of Foggia from September 2016 to February 2017 were included.
Thereafter, two groups were identified: patients treated by conventional EN (25 kcal/kg/die) and patients who have received conventional EN enriched with 50 mg/kg/ideal body weight of alanyl-GLN 20% intravenously.
We analysed the plasmatic concentration of IgA, CD3+/CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, CD3+/CD8+ T suppressor lymphocytes, CD3+/CD19+ B lymphocytes, IL-4 and IL-2 at admission and at 4 and 8 days.

Results
We identified 30 patients, with 15 subjects per group. IgA levels increased significantly in GLN vs the control group at T0, T4 and T8. CD3+/CD4+ T helper lymphocyte and CD3+/CD8+ T suppressor lymphocyte levels significantly increased in GLN vs the control group at T4 and T8. CD3+/CD19+ B lymphocyte levels increased significantly in GLN vs the control group only at T8. IL-2 and IL-4 levels showed no significant differences when comparing GLN with the control group.

Conclusions
Our study showed that there was an improvement in humoral and cell-mediated immunity with GLN supplementation in polytrauma ICU patients using recommended doses.
Induction Chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Simple Scoring System to Predict Effect and Prognosis
Authors: Tanaka Masayuki , Heckler Max , Mihaljevic André L. , Ei Shigenori , Klaiber Ulla , Heger Ulrike , Büchler Markus W. , Hackert Thilo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Effective chemotherapy (CTx) protocols as induction treatment provide increasing opportunities for surgical resection of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Although improved survival after resection of LAPC with CTx has been reported for selected patients, reliable recommendations on the indication for conversion surgery after induction treatment are currently lacking. We investigated the factors predictive of prognosis in resected LAPC after FOLFIRINOX.

Methods
Consecutive patients with LAPC undergoing curative resection after FOLFIRINOX between 2011 and 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Relevant clinical parameters and CT findings were examined. A scoring system was developed based on the ratio of hazard ratios for overall survival of all significant predictors.

Results
A total of 62 patients with LAPC who underwent oncologic resection after FOLFIRINOX were analyzed. Tumor shrinkage, tumor density, and postchemotherapy CA19-9 serum levels were independently associated with overall survival (multivariate analysis: HR = 0.31, 0.17, and 0.18, respectively). One, two, and two points were allocated to these three factors in the proposed scoring system, respectively. The median overall survival of patients with a score from 0 to 2 was significantly shorter than that of patients with a score from 3 to 5 (22.1 months vs. 53.2 months, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Tumor density is a novel predictive marker for the prognosis of patients with resected LAPC after FOLFIRINOX. A simple scoring model incorporating tumor density, the tumor shrinkage rate, and CA 19-9 levels identifies patients with a low score, who may be candidates for additional treatment.
Perceptions of bereaved family members of nursing care on an inpatient hospice palliative care unit
Authors: Maze Carolyn , Wilkinson Carolyn , Stajduhar Kelli , Daudt Helena , Tysick Shelley 
Published: September 2022

Background: Understanding family members' (FMs) perceptions of the care provided by nurses is crucial to facilitating positive outcomes for FMs. Aims: To better understand how bereaved FMs perceive the care nurses provide in an inpatient hospice palliative care unit. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted, with an interpretive description methodology. It was guided by the question: ‘How do bereaved FMs perceive nursing care in our unit, and how does this influence their bereavement experiences?’ A total of 10 FMs—or close friends—who had a significant other die on a palliative care unit were interviewed. Findings: Findings support the belief that positive relationships and interactions with nurses impact families' perceptions of end of life. Nurses create a therapeutic environment, building a sense of ease and meaning for patients and families. Conclusion: Participation of nurses in rituals and patient-honouring practices after death may help families to cope and create positive memories during their grieving process.
A Plethora of Roles Played by Teacher Unions in Fostering Improved Learning Environment in Schools in Zambia
Authors: Sinkala Henry , Simui Francis , Muleya Gistered 
Published: September 2022

The study explores a myriad of roles played by Teacher Unions in fostering improved learning environment in selected schools of Lusaka, district, Zambia. A case study design was employed on a target population that comprised 28 participants from primary and secondary schools and teacher unions. Expert Purposive sampling technique was applied to sample participants from teacher union officials in Lusaka District. Data generated through interviews; Focus Group Discussion; and Document Review were thematically analyzed. Emergent from this study is a plethora of roles played by teachers’ unions such as participation in education policy making process, defending teacher members, presiding over disputes between member and the employer and improving peaceful learning environment in schools among others. In addition, Unions were actively engaged in fighting for professional recognition for teachers as well as fairness in promotion. Unions were involved in advocacy in relation to education reforms and teachers’ professional output as well as learner achievement in examinations. Thus, it is recommended among others that, Teacher Unions should enhance their knowledge and skills set to effectively deliver on various divergent mandate areas on behalf of their membership.
Document Image Forgery Detection Using RGB Color Channel
Authors: Gornale Shivanand S. , Patil Gayatri , Benne Rajkumar 
Published: September 2022

Using advanced digital technologies and photo editing software, document images, such as typed and handwritten documents, can be manipulated in a variety of ways. The most common method of document forgery is adding or removing information. As a result of the changes made to document images, there is misinformation and misbelief in document images. Forgery detection with multiple forgery operations is challenging issue. As a result, special consideration is given in this work to the ten-class problem, in which a text can be altered using multiple forgery types. The characteristics are computed using RGB color components and GLCM texture descriptors. The method is effective for distinguishing between genuine and forged document images. A classification rate of 95.8% for forged handwritten documents and 93.11% for forged printed document images are obtained respectively. The obtained results are promising and competitive with state-of- art techniques reported in the literature.
The e-Autopsy/e-Biopsy: a systematic chart review to increase safety and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Kanter Michael H. , Ghobadi Ali , Lurvey Lawrence D. , Liang Sophia , Litman Kerry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Solving diagnostic errors is difficult and progress on preventing those errors has been slow since the 2015 National Academy of Medicine report. There are several methods used to improve diagnostic and other errors including voluntary reporting; malpractice claims; patient complaints; physician surveys, random quality reviews and audits, and peer review data which usually evaluates single cases and not the systems that allowed the error. Additionally, manual review of charts is often labor intensive and reviewer dependent. In 2010 we developed an e-Autopsy/e-Biopsy (eA/eB) methodology to aggregate cases with quality/safety/diagnostic issues, focusing on a specific population of patients and conditions. By performing a hybrid review process (cases are first filtered using administrative data followed by standardized manual chart reviews) we can efficiently identify patterns of medical and diagnostic error leading to opportunities for system improvements that have improved care for future patients. We present a detailed methodology for eA/eB studies and describe results from three successful studies on different diagnoses (ectopic pregnancy, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and advanced colon cancer) that illustrate our eA/eB process and how it reveals insights into creating systems that reduce diagnostic and other errors. The eA/eB process is innovative and transferable to other healthcare organizations and settings to identify trends in diagnostic error and other quality issues resulting in improved systems of care.
The Relationship between Cognitive and Contextual Factors: A Self-Regulatory Mechanism Underlying Persistence in Nascent Entrepreneurs
Authors: Mohand-Amar Sufia , Ruiz-Arroyo Matilde , Fuentes-Fuentes María del Mar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we present a new approach to understanding the persistence of nascent entrepreneurs, by examining the role played by context and cognition through the mediation of a self-regulatory mechanism. Drawing on a sample of 316 nascent entrepreneurs from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED II), we first consider whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy and goal commitment predict persistence in nascent entrepreneurs. We then evaluate the role of perceived institutional support, both formal and informal. Finally, we examine the relationships between cognitive and contextual variables and their impact on entrepreneurial persistence. Our results show that goal commitment has a direct effect on entrepreneurial persistence, while self-efficacy acts indirectly through goal commitment, from which we infer the existence of a self-regulatory mechanism impacting on persistence in nascent entrepreneurs. Among the contextual factors, only informal institutional support presents a direct relationship to persistence, while perceived formal support exerts an indirect influence through cognitive self-regulation. From a practical standpoint, our findings may be useful for institutions that design policies and programmes to foster sustained economic growth through the promotion of entrepreneurship.
New roles for GAPDH, Hsp90, and NO in regulating heme allocation and hemeprotein function in mammals
Authors: Stuehr Dennis J. , Dai Yue , Biswas Pranjal , Sweeny Elizabeth A. , Ghosh Arnab 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The intracellular trafficking of mitochondrial heme presents a fundamental challenge to animal cells. This article provides some background on heme allocation, discusses some of the concepts, and then reviews research done over the last decade, much in the author’s laboratory, that is uncovering unexpected and important roles for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), and nitric oxide (NO) in enabling and regulating the allocation of mitochondrial heme to hemeproteins that mature and function outside of the mitochondria. A model for how hemeprotein functions can be regulated in cells through the coordinate participation of GAPDH, hsp90, and NO in allocating cellular heme is presented.
A Markov process approach to untangling intention versus execution in tennis
Authors: Chan Timothy C. Y. , Fearing Douglas S. , Fernandes Craig , Kovalchik Stephanie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Value functions are used in sports to determine the optimal action players should employ. However, most literature implicitly assumes that players can perform the prescribed action with known and fixed probability of success. The effect of varying this probability or, equivalently, “execution error” in implementing an action (e.g., hitting a tennis ball to a specific location on the court) on the design of optimal strategies, has received limited attention. In this paper, we develop a novel modeling framework based on Markov reward processes and Markov decision processes to investigate how execution error impacts a player’s value function and strategy in tennis. We power our models with hundreds of millions of simulated tennis shots with 3D ball and 2D player tracking data. We find that optimal shot selection strategies in tennis become more conservative as execution error grows, and that having perfect execution with the empirical shot selection strategy is roughly equivalent to choosing one or two optimal shots with average execution error. We find that execution error on backhand shots is more costly than on forehand shots, and that optimal shot selection on a serve return is more valuable than on any other shot, over all values of execution error.
Crystal structure of (E)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)-1-(quinolin-2-yl)methanimine, C20H19N3O
Authors: Jin Kun-Sheng , Wu Wei-Na 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
C20H19N3O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.8776(10) Å, b = 7.6503(13) Å, c = 36.447(6) Å, V = 1638.8(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0374, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0950, T = 296 K.
Peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) in peritoneal metastasis: how many biopsies should be examined?
Authors: Solass Wiebke , Meisner Christoph , Kurtz Florian , Nadiradze Giorgi , Reymond Marc A. , Bösmüller Hans 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The four-tied peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) is increasingly used to evaluate the response of peritoneal metastases (PM) to chemotherapy. The minimal number of peritoneal biopsies needed for PRGS determination remains unclear.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 89 PM patients treated with 210 pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) cycles was investigated. Four biopsies from every abdominal quadrant were recommended. Histological tumor response was defined as a stable or decreasing mean PRGS between therapy cycles, progression increasing. We compared the diagnostic uncertainty induced by missing biopsies to the histological response.

Results
A total of 49 patients had at least two PIPAC and were eligible for therapy response assessment. Mean PRGS decreased from 2.04 (CI 5–95% 1.85–2.27) to 1.79 (CI 5–95% 1.59–2.01), p=0.14, as a proof of therapy effectiveness. 35 (71.4%) patients had a stable or decreasing PRGS (therapy response), 14 (28.6%) a PRGS increase (disease progression). Histology showed agreement between four biopsies in 42/210 laparoscopies (20%), between ≥3 biopsies in 103 (49%), and between ≥2 biopsies in 169 laparoscopies (81%). Mean loss of information with one missing biopsy was 0.11 (95% CI=0.13) PRGS points, with two missing biopsies 0.18 (95% CI 0.21). In 9/49 patients (18.3%), the loss of information with one less biopsy exceeded the change in PRGS under therapy.

Conclusions
A minimum of three biopsies is needed to diagnose PM progression with an accuracy superior to 80%. Missing biopsies often result in a false diagnosis of tumor progression.
Evaluation of the crystal structures of metal(II) 2-fluorobenzoate complexes
Authors: Öztürkkan Füreya Elif , Necefoğlu Hacali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When the structures of the complexes of the same primary ligand with different metals and different co-ligands are evaluated in detail, it is thought that it will be easier to reach the target molecules by determining the factors affecting the structure. The study of the structures of metal(II) 2-fluorobenzoates with various N-donor ligands is aimed to contribute to future research. In this study, the crystal structures of transition metal(II) 2-fluorobenzoates with N-donor ligand complexes such as 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10′-phenanthroline, nicotinamide, isonicotinamide, 4-pyridylmethanol, and 2-aminopyridine were investigated. According to the literature review, it was determined that Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) 2-fluorobenzoates with N-donor ligand exhibit monomeric, dimeric, ionic, and polymeric structures. Although the fluorobenzoate anion has the most electronegative element (fluorine) at the 2-position in the benzene ring, only a few of its complexes have O–H⋯F, N–H⋯F, and C–H⋯F hydrogen bonds. A Pb(II) 2-fluorobenzoate complex without an N- donor ligand is the only complex in which the fluorobenzoate anion coordinates to the metal via the fluorine atom. The structures of the 19 complexes studied included 11 monomers, 5 dimers, 2 ionic, and 1 coordination polymer. In addition, 8 of these complexes are copper(II), 5 of them are Pb(II), 2 of them are Cd(II) and Zn(II), and one of them is Co(II) and Ni(II) metal centered. Many transition metal(II) 2-fluorobenzoate complexes can still be contributed to the literature, according to the findings of this study. Furthermore, because metal carboxylate complexes have various physical and biological potential applications today, their importance in materials science should be emphasized.
Study on the stress field concentration at the tip of elliptical cracks
Authors: Yang Yan-Shuang , Cheng Si-Pei , Zhang Zhan-Rong , Yin Meng-Yu , Hou Jia-Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The holes and defects in rock materials have a great impact on the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of rock, cracks often appear in the form of flat ellipses in natural rock mass, and the current research is still insufficient. For this purpose, based on the Particle Flow Code (PFC) of discrete element particle flow program, the numerical prefabricated fractured rock samples with the ratios of the long and short axes of the elliptical fractures being 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 were simulated in order to obtain the strength and failure characteristics, stress concentration characteristics at tips of numerical rock samples in uniaxial compression test. The results of the numerical test simulation show that: (1) When the rock models with prefabricated elliptical crack were damaged, the initial cracks occurred at the end of the short axis of the elliptical crack, and penetrated up and down from the surface of the elliptical crack, the wing cracks occurred at both ends of the long axis, gradually formed a macro-crack, and the secondary cracks extended near the wing crack. (2) With the increase of the ratios a:b of long and short axes of the elliptical fracture, the strength and elastic modulus of the numerical rock samples gradually decreased, Poisson’s ratio gradually increased, and the total number of micro-cracks in the rock models decreased. (3) The numerical solutions of stress concentration factor k obtained by numerical simulations at the tip of the elliptical crack increased with the increase in the ratio of a:b; it was highly consistent with the variation law of the analytical solution of the stress concentration factor calculated by the theory of flat ellipse. The stress concentration is an important reason for failure of rock with elliptical cracks. Study on the crack tip will be very useful and significant.
Mapping emotions on the body
Authors: Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Emotions are allostatic processes that transform the relationship between the environment and the desired bodily states into behaviour supporting homeostasis and well-being. Central emotion circuits are thus tightly coupled with the visceral signaling pathways and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Although ANS activity patterns are not always emotion-specific, self-reported bodily sensations and pattern recognition analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data suggest discrete bodily and neural basis of emotions. The advent of total-body positron emission tomography (PET) systems allows simultaneous measurement of the central and peripheral axis of the emotional response. This provides a unique opportunity for quantifying the systems-level biology of the human emotion circuits.
Extraction, purification, food applications, and recent advances for enhancing the bioavailability of 6-gingerol from ginger – A review
Authors: Dilukshi Vichakshana Ginithillawala Arachchilage , Young David James , Choo Wee Sim 
Published: September 2022

6-Gingerol is the major pharmacologically active component of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Various extraction and purification methods have been developed to obtain highly purified 6-gingerol. 6-Gingerol can be extracted using conventional and nonconventional extraction techniques. Hydroalcoholic solutions and liquid CO2 are the most suitable solvents for the extraction of 6-gingerol, while microwave-assisted extraction is the best extraction method. High-speed counter-current chromatography is the purification technique resulting in the highest purity of 6-gingerol. Despite the various biological properties of 6-gingerol, the low bioavailability of 6-gingerol is the main challenge that limits its application. Novel encapsulation and solubilization techniques, including nano-emulsion, complexation, micelles, and solid dispersion methods, have been introduced to enhance the bioavailability of 6-gingerol, overcoming its limitations. 6-Gingerol showed potential applications as a natural antioxidant, preservative, and flavor enhancer as well as demonstrated a synergistic effect with different ingredients for maintaining the quality and shelf-life of the food products. The current work provides a comprehensive review of the prevailing techniques applied for extraction and purification of 6-gingerol from the rhizome of ginger, current research on the application of 6-gingerol in the food industry, and novel advances for increasing its bioavailability.
İSTİHDAM TEŞVİKLERİNİN İSTİHDAM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: ANKARA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇEVİK Eyüp Gültekin , DEVELİ Abdülkadir 
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilave istihdam sağlayan teşviklerin istihdamı ne ölçüde etkilediğinin ve ne kadar fayda sağladığının ölçülmeye çalışılmasıdır. Bu çerçevede, ilave istihdam sağlanması ve istihdamın artırılması için uygulanan 6111, 687 ve 7103 sayılı prim teşviklerinin istihdama olan etkileri nicel araştırma yoluyla incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, araştırma evreni olarak Ankara İlinde bulunan firmalar belirlenmiştir. Örneklem seçimindeyse, araştırma evreninde Nace kodu imalat sektörü olan ve 6111, 687 ve 7103 sayılı prim teşviklerinden yararlanan 1586 firma ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda, SPSS yardımıyla kovaryans analizi, korelasyon analizi, regresyon analizi ve varyans analizi uygulanmıştır.
Bu doğrultuda, iş kollarının veya sektörlerin istihdam teşviklerinden yararlanmada birbirinden farklı etki gösterdiği, ilerleyen yıllar itibarıyla teşviklerden yararlanmanın ana faaliyet kolları bazında artış eğilimi içerisinde olduğu, 6111 sayılı prim teşvikinin teşvikli istihdam üzerindeki etkisinin istatistiki bakımdan yüksek düzeyde olduğu, ancak 687 sayılı ve 7103 sayılı prim teşviklerinin ise istatistiki bakımdan orta düzeyde olduğu, ilave istihdam sağlayan prim sübvansiyonlarının teşvikli istihdamı pozitif yönde ve istatistiki bakımdan anlamlı etkilediği, aynı zamanda istihdamı da artırdığı bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.