bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Numerical Simulation of Partial Fuel Stratification Assisted Lean Premixed Combustion for Assessment of Hybrid G-Equation/Well-Stirred Reactor Model
Authors: Xu Chao , Ameen Muhsin , Pal Pinaki , Som Sibendu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Partial fuel stratification (PFS) is a promising fuel injection strategy to stabilize lean premixed combustion in spark-ignition (SI) engines. PFS creates a locally stratified mixture by injecting a fraction of the fuel, just before spark timing, into the engine cylinder containing homogeneous lean fuel/air mixture. This locally stratified mixture, when ignited, results in complex flame structure and propagation modes similar to partially premixed flames and allows for faster and more stable flame propagation than a homogeneous lean mixture. This study focuses on understanding the detailed flame structures associated with PFS-assisted lean premixed combustion. First, a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) is performed using detailed fuel chemistry, experimental pressure trace, and realistic initial conditions mapped from a prior engine large-eddy simulation (LES), replicating practical lean SI operating conditions. DNS results suggest that the conventional triple flame structure is prevalent during the initial stage of flame kernel growth. Both premixed and nonpremixed combustion modes are present with the premixed mode contributing dominantly to the total heat release. Detailed analysis further reveals the effects of flame stretch and fuel pyrolysis on flame displacement speed. Based on the DNS findings, the accuracy of a hybrid G-equation/well-stirred reactor (WSR) combustion model is assessed for the PFS-assisted lean operation in the LES context. It is found that the G-equation model qualitatively captures the premixed branches of the triple flame, while the WSR model predicts the nonpremixed branch of the triple flame. Finally, potential needs for improvements to the hybrid G-equation/WSR modeling approach are discussed.
Broadening Band Gaps of Bragg Scattering Phononic Crystal With Graded Supercell Configuration
Authors: Ye Yuanyuan , Mei Chaosheng , Li Li , Wang Xuelin , Ling Ling , Hu Yujin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A new phononic crystal with the graded supercell configuration is proposed to broaden the Bragg scattering band gaps. The graded structural design can merge adjacent multiple band gaps into an extremely broad one. The proposed phononic crystal is made up of a periodic arrangement of supercells, and the supercells are composed of unit cells with graded structural parameters. The mechanical model of the graded phononic crystals is established based on the transfer matrix method to investigate in-plane elastic waves propagating and band structures of the periodic system. Modal analysis shows that the mechanism for the broadening of band gap is that the graded supercell configuration breaks some symmetries of the phononic crystal, resulting in the opening of the Dirac cone and creation of new band gaps. The effects of the main structural parameters related to graded supercell design on band gap broadening are studied by simulation and verified by the experiment. The present study is beneficial to the design of new functional materials with broadband vibration isolation performance.
A Fenestrated Balloon Expandable Stent System for the Treatment of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Authors: Cashin John L. , Wirtz Alex J. , Genin Guy M. , Zayed Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In aortoiliac occlusive disease, atherosclerotic plaques can occlude the distal aortic bifurcation and proximal bilateral iliac artery and thus cause ischemia in the lower extremity. This is typically treated by restoring patency with balloon expandable stents. Stents are typically deployed in a “kissing stent” configuration into the bilateral iliac arteries and into the distal aortic bifurcation lumen to restore antegrade arterial flow. However, these stents typically become re-occluded by plaques. To understand the reasons for this and look for solutions, we simulated flow dynamics in the aortic bifurcation in the presence and absence of stents using computational fluid dynamics. Results demonstrated that the kissing stent configuration was associated with high levels of vorticity and flow constriction. These prothrombotic variables were alleviated in an alternative, aortoiliac fenestrated (AIFEN), tapered, and balloon-expandable stent design. Our findings suggest that stent design can be tailored to improve flow fields for aortoiliac stenting.
Mechatronic Model of a Powertrain With Half Toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission
Authors: Padilla-García Erick Axel , Cervantes-Culebro Héctor , Mendoza-Trejo Omar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a mechatronic model of a powertrain with a half toroidal continuously variable transmission. In this model, the actuator, the load on the output shaft, and the mechanical, electrical, and control dynamics are simultaneously considered. A reduced mathematical model is stated for the half toroidal transmission, where a time-variant transmission ratio is considered to drive different input/output dynamic torques of the powertrain. The dynamic performance of the mechatronic model is shown through three case studies with different inertial/dynamic loads at the output shaft. Simulation results are performed for fixed and automatic transmission ratio changes. The model and simulation results presented in this article extend the options to design, control, and drive mechatronic systems that include a half toroidal continuously variable transmission.
Experimental Determination of Blade Tip Rub Forces in a Multiblade System
Authors: Reifsnyder Robin , Keener Christopher , Mathison Randall , D'Souza Kiran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs improved efficiency goals require ever smaller gaps between rotating turbomachinery blade tips and stationary outer casings, it becomes more important to understand the physics of what happens when a blade tip rubs against the casing. A key piece of information to be determined is the force exerted on the blade tip during the rub event. This paper presents a method of extracting the blade tip rub forces from experiments conducted at The Ohio State University Gas Turbine Laboratory. To identify the forces during the rub, three multi-axis load cells are mounted behind a segment of the casing to measure the forces exerted on the casing during the rub event. Recovering blade tip forcing from this load cell data requires creating an appropriate model that can relate the measured data at the load cells to the high-speed rotating blade loads. The continuous, repeated nature of the rubs in the experiment makes this a challenge. This paper discusses the creation and performance of a state-space realization model developed from stationary ping test data that is used to address these challenges. The model is augmented with information on the angular position of the blades from a rotary encoder and information on the angular span of the rub, which increases with rub depth. Challenges and solutions related to finding tangential frequency responses, simultaneous blade rubs, and irregularities in the experimental data are also discussed. This paper aims to summarize the process and effectiveness of this approach for finding blade tip forces, as well as lessons learned along the way.
Surface Imaging in Applied Research
Authors: Pytskii I. S. , Kuznetsova E. S. , Buryak A. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The possibilities of mass spectrometric visualization in new areas of research are considered. It is shown that surface mass spectrometry can be used to study structural materials and monitor surfaces for corrosion damage, process contamination, and damage. The possibility of studying non-metallic materials is shown for the first time. It is found that studying the low molecular weight part of polymer films helps to detect technological impurities and irreversible deformation of the film surface. It is established this can be used to authenticate handwritten documents, make corrections to them, and successfully compete with the classical means of such research.
Pharmacy services at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: perspectives of the pharmacy workforce
Authors: Kasashi Kumiko , Sato Ayaka , Stuart Mark , Thomas Trudy , Kim Sung Hwa , Jang Da Mi , File Hayley , Suzuki Satomi , Rhie Sandy Jeong 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the awareness of the volunteer pharmacy workforce of medication use and their satisfaction with the pharmacy services of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games from a pharmacist’s perspective.MethodsA questionnaire was developed from related articles in published peer-reviewed journals and modified prior to distribution to the whole population of pharmacists serving at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Validity tests were conducted based on expert opinions and Cronbach’s alpha (0.79). The questionnaire consisted of demographics (11 questions), knowledge of medication use in sports (8 questions) and satisfaction on the provision of the service (5 questions). Responses using a 5-point-Likert scale, from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1), and two free text questions were analysed with descriptive statistics.ResultsThe response rate was 86% (n=32/37). Overall, the pharmacists reported a high awareness of medication use. Specifically, questions on the prohibited list of medications (mean 4.0±SD 0.7), COVID-19 policy (3.8±0.9), use of alternative non-prohibited medications (3.6±1.0) and therapeutic use exemptions (3.5±0.9). Moreover, they rated high satisfaction with the pharmacy service they provided. However, rates were ≤3 for knowledge of the International Olympic Committee Needle Policy (2.6±1.0), Medication Importation Declaration (2.9±1.0) and communication skills (3.0±1.0).ConclusionPharmacists were confident and satisfied with the pharmacy service at the games. The study confirms the importance of prior training and education. Game-specific policies and strategies to improve communication skills should be included in the pharmacy education for future Games.
Artificial intelligence and opioid use: a narrative review
Authors: Gadhia Seema , Richards Georgia C , Marriott Tracey , Rose James 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundOpioids are strong pain medications that can be essential for acute pain. However, opioids are also commonly used for chronic conditions and illicitly where there are well-recognised concerns about the balance of their benefits and harms. Technologies using artificial intelligence (AI) are being developed to examine and optimise the use of opioids. Yet, this research has not been synthesised to determine the types of AI models being developed and the application of these models.MethodsWe aimed to synthesise studies exploring the use of AI in people taking opioids. We searched three databases: the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase and Medline on 4 January 2021. Studies were included if they were published after 2010, conducted in a real-life community setting involving humans and used AI to understand opioid use. Data on the types and applications of AI models were extracted and descriptively analysed.ResultsEighty-one articles were included in our review, representing over 5.3 million participants and 14.6 million social media posts. Most (93%) studies were conducted in the USA. The types of AI technologies included natural language processing (46%) and a range of machine learning algorithms, the most common being random forest algorithms (36%). AI was predominately applied for the surveillance and monitoring of opioids (46%), followed by risk prediction (42%), pain management (10%) and patient support (2%). Few of the AI models were ready for adoption, with most (62%) being in preliminary stages.ConclusionsMany AI models are being developed and applied to understand opioid use. However, there is a need for these AI technologies to be externally validated and robustly evaluated to determine whether they can improve the use and safety of opioids.
Person-centred support programme (RESPECT intervention) for women with breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy: a feasibility study
Authors: Ahlstedt Karlsson Susanne , Henoch Ingela , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Wallengren Catarina 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe peRson-cEntred Support Programme EndoCrine Therapy intervention is a complex intervention encompassing a person-centred support programme for patients with breast cancer being treated with endocrine therapy (ET). The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of the trial design and patient acceptability of the intervention and outcome measures and to provide data to estimate the parameters required to design the final intervention.DesignA controlled before-and-after design following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 statement for feasibility trials.SettingA surgical outpatient clinic in Sweden.ParticipantsForty-one patients (aged 47–85) with breast cancer who were treated with ET.InterventionsEligible patients were assigned to the control group or intervention group, which included individual education material, an individualised learning plan and a personalised reminder letter using a person-centred approach. The intervention could be delivered as a telephone or digital follow-up during a 12-week follow-up.Outcome measuresThe aims were to determine the recruitment rate, assess the rate of retention, explore whether the intervention was delivered according to the protocol, assess the preferred form of educational support, rate of education sessions, length per education session and length between each education session, determine the distribution of education materials and assess completion rates of patient-reported instruments, including the General Self-efficacy Scale, the Quality of Care from the Patient’s Perspective Questionnaire and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale.ResultsEighty-six per cent of the patients in the intervention group completed the intervention and questionnaires 3 months after their inclusion. The call attendance was 90%. During the intervention, the contact nurse complied with the intervention protocol. For self-efficacy, symptoms and quality of care, there were no differences in effect size between the control and intervention groups.ConclusionsThis intervention seems to be feasible and acceptable among patients.
How do high ambient temperatures affect infant feeding practices? A prospective cohort study of postpartum women in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Authors: Part Chérie , Filippi Véronique , Cresswell Jenny A , Ganaba Rasmané , Hajat Shakoor , Nakstad Britt , Roos Nathalie , Kadio Kadidiatou , Chersich Matthew , Lusambili Adelaide , Kouanda Seni , Kovats Sari 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of high ambient temperature on infant feeding practices and childcare.DesignSecondary analysis of quantitative data from a prospective cohort study.SettingCommunity-based interviews in the commune of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Exclusive breastfeeding is not widely practised in Burkina Faso.Participants866 women (1:1 urban:rural) were interviewed over 12 months. Participants were interviewed at three time points: cohort entry (when between 20 weeks’ gestation and 22 weeks’ postpartum), three and nine months thereafter. Retention at nine-month follow-up was 90%. Our secondary analysis focused on postpartum women (n=857).ExposureDaily mean temperature (°C) measured at one weather station in Bobo-Dioulasso. Meteorological data were obtained from publicly available archives (TuTiempo.net).Primary outcome measuresSelf-reported time spent breastfeeding (minutes/day), exclusive breastfeeding of infants under 6 months (no fluids other than breast milk provided in past 24 hours), supplementary feeding of infants aged 6–12 months (any fluid other than breast milk provided in past 24 hours), time spent caring for children (minutes/day).ResultsThe population experienced year-round high temperatures (daily mean temperature range=22.6°C–33.7°C). Breastfeeding decreased by 2.3 minutes/day (95% CI -4.6 to 0.04, p=0.05), and childcare increased by 0.6 minutes/day (0.06 to 1.2, p=0.03), per 1°C increase in same-day mean temperature. Temperature interacted with infant age to affect breastfeeding duration (p=0.02), with a stronger (negative) association between temperature and breastfeeding as infants aged (0–57 weeks). Odds of exclusive breastfeeding very young infants (0–3 months) tended to decrease as temperature increased (OR=0.88, 0.75 to 1.02, p=0.09). There was no association between temperature and exclusive breastfeeding at 3–6 months or supplementary feeding (6–12 months).ConclusionsWomen spent considerably less time breastfeeding (~25 minutes/day) during the hottest, compared with coolest, times of the year. Climate change adaptation plans for health should include advice to breastfeeding mothers during periods of high temperature.
What should be included in case report forms? Development and application of novel methods to inform surgical study design: a mixed methods case study in parastomal hernia prevention
Authors: Murkin Charlotte , Rooshenas Leila , Smart Neil , Daniels I R , Pinkney Tom , Shabbir Jamshed , Rockall Timothy , Bennett Joanne , Torkington Jared , Randall Jonathan , Brandsma H T , Reeves Barnaby , Blazeby Jane , Blencowe Natalie S 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the development and application of methods to optimise the design of case report forms (CRFs) for clinical studies evaluating surgical procedures, illustrated with an example of abdominal stoma formation.Design(1) Literature reviews, to identify reported variations in surgical components of stoma formation, were supplemented by (2) intraoperative qualitative research (observations, videos and interviews), to identify unreported variations used in practice to generate (3) a ‘long list’ of items, which were rationalised using (4) consensus methods, providing a pragmatic list of CRF items to be captured in the Cohort study to Investigate the Prevention of parastomal HERnias (CIPHER) study.SettingTwo secondary care surgical centres in England.ParticipantsPatients undergoing stoma formation, surgeons undertaking stoma formation and stoma nurses.Outcome measuresSuccessful identification of key CRF items to be captured in the CIPHER study.Results59 data items relating to stoma formation were identified and categorised within six themes: (1) surgical approach to stoma formation; (2) trephine formation; (3) reinforcing the stoma trephine with mesh; (4) use of the stoma as a specimen extraction site; (5) closure of other wounds during the procedure; and (6) spouting the stoma.ConclusionsThis study used multimodal data collection to understand and capture the technical variations in stoma formation and design bespoke CRFs for a multicentre cohort study. The CIPHER study will use the CRFs to examine associations between the technical variations in stoma formation and risks of developing a parastomal hernia.Trial registration numberISRCTN17573805.
Protocol for establishing and evaluating a public and patient panel for organisation science and management principles in healthcare
Authors: Harnett Claire , Ryan Nuala , Hynes Briga 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionPatient and public involvement (PPI) has not been used to its full potential when examining the organisational science and management principles side of healthcare. With more and more acknowledgement of the relationship between management tools and patient outcomes, having meaningful engagement with the patient and the public in conducting research with the potential to enhance the patient experience, has never been more important. This study aims to outline the process in identifying members for a PPI for the organisational science and management principles side of healthcare, as well as providing guidelines for the establishment of PPIs in this nascent field. In addition, it aims to produce a charter for the panel, by and with the panel members, ensuring they are involved at every stage of research.Methods and analysisA hybrid of both a priority-setting and partnership approach to PPI will provide guidance on identifying, recruiting and establishing a PPI for research on the organisational science and management principles in healthcare. The panel will consist of approximately 20 members including patients, members of the public and researchers. A World Café approach to panel workshops will be adopted to produce a charter for the group. An assessment of panel engagement will be conducted through analysis of records of the meetings/workshops, as well as one-to-one interviews with all panel members at key points in time. Assessment criteria will be agreed with all members of the PPI panel. Data will be transcribed and managed using NVivo through a thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the evaluation of the PPI has been received from the Kemmy Business School’s Ethics Committee. Papers outlining the process in establishing a PPI in the area of organisational science and management principles of healthcare, and the results of the assessment of the panel’s engagement will be published in journals.
Fever among preschool-aged children: a cross-sectional study assessing Lebanese parents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding paediatric fever assessment and management
Authors: Sakr Fouad , Toufaili Zeinab , Akiki Zeina , Akel Marwan , Malaeb Diana , Dabbous Mariam , Salameh Pascale 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study investigated parental knowledge, attitudes and practices towards fever in preschool children to help address gaps in public health and provide information with the aim of supporting clinical reports for parental education.DesignA cross-sectional study design was used to explore parental experiences with fever.SettingParticipants were recruited randomly from schools all over Lebanon targeting the preschool divisions.ParticipantsParents of children aged 5 years or less.InterventionsAn electronic self-administered questionnaire was sent to the parents through the schools’ emails and e-learning mobile applications.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome measure was to assess parental knowledge about the precise definition of fever, correct use of medications and to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic factors on this knowledge. The secondary outcome measures were to assess parental attitudes and practices of fever management, sources of information and reasons to seek primary medical attention.ResultsA total of 733 parents were included in the study. Only 44% identified fever correctly according to the recognised definition by international guidelines. A significant association between parents’ knowledge of antibiotics and years of parenting experience was found (adjusted OR, ORa=4.23, 95% CI 1.41 to 12.68, p=0.01). Other sociodemographic factors that were significantly associated with parents’ knowledge of antibiotics were age (ORa=3.42, 95% CI 1.09 to 10.73, p=0.036) and education level (ORa=7.99, 95% CI 3.71 to 17.23, p<0.001). Greater than 75% usually give their children antipyretics without consulting a doctor. Approximately one-quarter of parents (26.3%) consulted different doctors at the same time, of which more than half (58.4%) had received different medical information.ConclusionsThis research determines deficiencies in parents’ knowledge of fever with some malpractices in its management particularly regarding antipyretic use. It provides insight for healthcare providers to empower parental experiences by offering the necessary information to enhance general outcomes of febrile sickness.