bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Poled Heteroepitaxial Bi(1−x)DyxFeO3 Films with Promising Pyroelectric Properties
Authors: Micard Quentin , Clementi Giacomo , Bartasyte Ausrine , Muralt Paul , Condorelli Guglielmo G. , Malandrino Graziella 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPyroelectric materials are very promising for thermal energy harvesting applications. To date, lead‐based systems are the foremost studied materials in this field. A facile and simple metal organic chemical vapor deposition route is applied for the fabrication of lead‐free, high quality, epitaxial Bi(1−x)DyxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.06, 0.08, 0.11) thin films deposited on conductive SrTiO3:Nb (100) single crystal substrates. The films are studied by structural, morphological, compositional, and functional characterization. The correlation between the Dy‐doping amount and the dielectric properties is thoroughly investigated. Unipolar polarization–electric field loops and permittivity measurements show the important impact of Dy on ferroelectric, dielectric, and pyroelectric properties. Dy doping increases considerably the dielectric response, but much more the pyroelectric coefficient, up to a concentration of 8% Dy. The films are self‐poled, which is an ideal situation for pyroelectric applications. The best figure of merit for pyroelectric energy harvesting, FE, is 82 J m−3 K−2, showing a factor increase of 2.6 as compared to the undoped film of the sample series. It constitutes a factor 4.5 improvement as compared to previous results obtained on BiFeO3 based thin films.
Metal‐Based Nanoparticle Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: Classifications, Issues, and Countermeasures toward their Clinical Translation
Authors: Antwi‐Baah Ruth , Wang Yajing , Chen Xiaoqin , Yu Kui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetal‐based nanoparticles, especially gadolinium, manganese, and iron, have gained ground in the research of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Over the years, contrast agents based on these paramagnetic and superparamagnetic nanomaterials have merited keen attention in the biomedical field due to their desired properties such as sizeable magnetic susceptibility, tunable size, easy surface functionalization, low toxicity, etc. Gadolinium‐based chelates are the traditional MRI contrast agents in the clinic but require improved relaxivities and pharmacokinetics. Nanoparticles possess a larger surface area, demonstrate a longer retention time in the body, and allow the conjugation of several functional molecules to enhance tumor targeting, making them more advantageous. The pursuit of clinically acceptable MRI contrast agents has generated diverse nanoparticles which have augmented their properties, performance, and relevance. Yet, most nanoparticles have not headed for the clinic for various reasons. Here, metal‐based MRI contrast agents and their contrast mechanisms are briefly described. According to relaxation times, T1 and T2, the different types that have evolved are reviewed, emphasizing the properties that have improved their function as MRI contrast agents. Finally, pertinent issues restraining their clinical translation and potential measures to develop more effective and clinically relevant MRI contrast agents are discussed.
Modeling the Solid Electrolyte Interphase: Machine Learning as a Game Changer?
Authors: Diddens Diddo , Appiah Williams Agyei , Mabrouk Youssef , Heuer Andreas , Vegge Tejs , Bhowmik Arghya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a complex passivation layer that forms in situ on many battery electrodes such as lithium‐intercalated graphite or lithium metal anodes. Its essential function is to prevent the electrolyte from continuous electrochemical degradation, while simultaneously allowing ions to pass through, thus constituting an electronically insulating, but ionically conducting material. Its properties crucially affect the overall performance and aging of a battery cell. Despite decades of intense research, understanding the SEI's precise formation mechanism, structure, composition, and evolution remains a conundrum. State‐of‐the‐art computational modeling techniques are powerful tools to gain additional insights, although confronted with a trade‐off between accuracy and accessible time‐ and length scales. In this review, it is discussed how recent advances in data‐driven models, especially the development of fast and accurate surrogate simulators and deep generative models, can work with physics‐based and physics‐informed approaches to enable the next generation of breakthroughs in this field. Machine learning‐enhanced multiscale models can provide new pathways to inverse the design of interphases with desired properties.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Amorphous Silicon and Its Ball‐in‐Ball Hollow Nanospheres as High‐Performance Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Fei‐Hu , Zhang Ling , Tang Yun‐Cheng , Li Shang‐Qi , Huang Yu , Dong Le , Li Qianqian , Liu Hong , Wang Dong , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSilicon is widely developed and deemed as a hopeful anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, till now there is very little literature devoted to its study for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). One possible reason is the preparation difficultly of carefully crafted amorphous silicon (a‐Si) structures by a facile and low‐cost method. Another reason is that a‐Si suffers from large volume expansion, slow sodium diffusion kinetics, and poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a new method called as “sodiothermic reduction” is used to prepare a‐Si hollow nanospheres at a much lower temperature. Moreover, an a‐Si‐based composite with yolk‐shell structure is designed via atomic layer deposition of alumina, in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole, and dilute HCl etching. The obtained composite as an anode material for SIBs displays a great initial discharge capacity of 645.6 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1, superior long steadiness up to 5000 cycles at 800 mA g–1, and preeminent rate capability (646.4, 193.5, 138.6, 105, 77.5 mAh g–1 at 100, 400, 800, 1500, 3000 mA g–1, respectively). In situ transmission electron microscopy observation on the structure evolution and finite element analysis of the stress–strain behavior are combined to further prove the merits of the well‐designed yolk–shell structure.
Spoof Localized Surface Plasmon Enhanced Isolation and Circulation
Authors: Lei Yi , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Jia Wei , Gao Xinxin , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA miniaturized spoof plasmonic isolator comprising a deep‐subwavelength spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) resonator coupled with an ultrathin spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguide is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The SLSP resonator coated with a magneto‐optical material can enhance the isolation property, allowing for multifrequency isolation, which can be dynamically controlled by changing the biased magnetic field intensity. This design scheme is extended to realize a four‐port circulator that allows one‐way transmission in opposite directions in two separate frequency bands. The proposed isolation and circulation devices have potential for nonreciprocal applications in microwave communication systems.
Ce3+‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Transparent Ceramics for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Ji Tao , Wang Ting , Li Hao , Peng Qingpeng , Tang Haitao , Hu Song , Yakovlev Alexey , Zhong Yang , Xu Xuhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractScintillators, as the core materials for X‐ray imaging, have received great attention in radiation detection, security inspection, and biomedical applications. However, the current single crystal and thin film scintillators have encountered several issues, such as high cost, insufficient stability, and uneven distribution, which undoubtedly limit the development of high‐quality X‐ray imaging. Herein, the Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce3+) transparent ceramics (TCs), which presented a high transmittance of 82% and a steady‐state light yield of 24 600 photons MeV−1, are prepared by the vacuum solid‐state reactive sintering method. The fabricated YAG:Ce3+ TCs exhibit X‐ray imaging with an excellent spatial resolution (≈34.7 lp mm−1). Moreover, because of the structural stability of YAG:Ce3+ TCs, long‐term stable work under X‐ray irradiation is realized successfully. This work indicates that the TC scintillators provide a new opportunity for the development of high‐quality X‐ray imaging.
(InxGa1−x)2O3 Thin Film Based Solar‐Blind Deep UV Photodetectors with Ultra‐High Detectivity and On/Off Current Ratio
Authors: Chen Wenshan , Xu Xiangyu , Zhang Jiaye , Shi Jueli , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Wencheng , Cheng Qijin , Guo Yuzheng , Zhang Kelvin H. L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work reports the fabrication of high performance solar‐blind deep‐UV photodetectors using (InxGa1−x)2O3 thin films grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates. The In contents in (InxGa1−x)2O3 are controlled at x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2, whereas a higher In content leads to phase segregation of Ga2O3 and In2O3. The bandgaps of (InxGa1−x)2O3 films are tuned from 4.93 eV for Ga2O3 to 4.67 eV for (In0.2Ga0.8)2O3. Schottky‐type photodetectors based on metal−semiconductor−metal structure were fabricated. The (In0.1Ga0.9)2O3 photodetector is highly sensitive to solar‐blind UV spectrum and achieves a large on/off current ratio of over 108, a remarkable specific detectivity of 4.5 × 1016 Jones with a prominent responsivity of 23.3 A W−1. Such enhanced performance compared to Ga2O3 is associated with In modulated optical and electronic properties. High‐resolution X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy was used to study the interfacial electronic structure at the semiconductor−metal interface. A large Schottky barrier height of 1.31 eV was found for (In0.1Ga0.9)2O3 devices, accounting for the low dark current. More importantly, the incorporation of In introduces In 4d states hybridizing with O 2p at top of the valence band of (In0.1Ga0.9)2O3, which increases the optical absorption to generate a higher density of photocarriers, and therefore results in greater photocurrents.
Enhanced Performance of a Self‐Powered ZnO Photodetector by Coupling LSPR‐Inspired Pyro‐Phototronic Effect and Piezo‐Phototronic Effect
Authors: Li Qi , Huang Jing , Meng Jianping , Li Zhou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUltraviolet detection is overriding priority in many military and civilian fields. A photodetector can be effectively enhanced by introducing piezo‐phototronic effect, pyro‐phototronic effect, and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Coupling piezo‐phototronic, pyro‐phototronic, and LSPR effect can be realized in a self‐powered photodetector based on ZnO/CuO nanorods covered with Au nanoparticles (NPs). The influences of LSPR, pyroelectric and external pressure on the performance of devices are thoroughly investigated, respectively. ZnO/CuO/Au devices display the most attractive performance under pressure of 73.7 N. The maxima of responsivity and detectivity are obtained as 0.81 mA W‐1 and 3.3 × 1013 Jones, respectively, under pressure of 73.7 N when detecting weak ultraviolet radiation (140 nW cm‐2). Responsivity and detectivity are dramatically enhanced by 17× and 12× compared to CuO/ZnO devices. Moreover, rise time and fall time reduce from 114/75 ms of a ZnO/CuO device to 18/12 ms of a ZnO/CuO/Au device under pressure of 64.7 N. These results demonstrate that LSPR, pyro‐phototronic, and piezo‐phototronic coupled effect makes greater improvement than the individual effects in the performance of photodetectors. This work probably can be a cornerstone of designing high‐performance photodetectors using other nanomaterial systems as well.
Highly Efficient Pure‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode Leveraging CsPbBrxCl3−x/Cs4PbBrxCl6−x Nanocomposite Emissive Layer with Shallow Valence Band
Authors: Choi In Young , Baek Sung‐Doo , Takaloo Ashkan Vakilipour , Lee Seung Yong , Hajibabaei Amir , Kim Kwang S. , Myoung Jae‐Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown great advancement in green, red, and near‐infrared regions with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) exceeding 20%. However, blue PeLEDs, an essential part of displays and lightings, show limited progress compared to the other color counterparts. Herein, a highly efficient pure‐blue PeLED is demonstrated by leveraging a novel CsPbBrxCl3‐x/Cs4PbBrxCl6‐x nanocomposite perovskite film as an emissive layer. The Cs4PbBrxCl6‐x phase, the derived phase of CsPbBr3 perovskite with a mixed halide system, effectively passivates defects in CsPbBrxCl3‐x, leading to high luminescence efficiency due to the significant reduction of nonradiative recombination. Furthermore, experimental and computational results confirmed that the compositionally optimized nanocomposite layer possesses a shallower valence band maximum (≈5.5 eV) than the pristine perovskite layer (≈5.9 eV), which is very advantageous in hole injection for device operation. The combined effects of the CsPbBrxCl3‐x/Cs4PbBrxCl6‐x nanocomposite render the fabricated blue PeLED to exhibit a pure‐blue emission at 470 nm with a maximum EQE of 5.3%.
Toward Practical High‐Energy and High‐Power Lithium Battery Anodes: Present and Future
Authors: Wang Caoyu , Yang Chunpeng , Zheng Zijian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium batteries are key components of portable devices and electric vehicles due to their high energy density and long cycle life. To meet the increasing requirements of electric devices, however, energy density of Li batteries needs to be further improved. Anode materials, as a key component of the Li batteries, have a remarkable effect on the increase of the overall energy density. At present, various anode materials including Li anodes, high‐capacity alloy‐type anode materials, phosphorus‐based anodes, and silicon anodes have shown great potential for Li batteries. Composite‐structure anode materials will be further developed to cater to the growing demands for electrochemical storage devices with high‐energy‐density and high‐power‐density. In this review, the latest progress in the development of high‐energy Li batteries focusing on high‐energy‐capacity anode materials has been summarized in detail. In addition, the challenges for the rational design of current Li battery anodes and the future trends are also presented.
Ultra‐High Fluorine Enhanced Homogeneous Nucleation of Lithium Metal on Stepped Carbon Nanosheets with Abundant Edge Sites
Authors: Xiao Jian , Xiao Nan , Li Kai , Zhang Lipeng , Chang Jiangwei , Ma Xiaoqing , Li Hongqiang , Bai Jinpeng , Jiang Qike , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDisordered nucleation sites and a fragile solid electrolyte interphase on the reactive interface tend to cause uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, which induce severe safety concerns and prevent lithium metal batteries from finding practical applications. Herein, novel stepped carbon nanosheets with abundant step edges and ultra‐high fluorine content (37.44 at%) are fabricated by combining an improved molten salt synthesis method with C4F8 vacuum plasma treatment. The solvent‐induced spatial confinement effect, i.e., orientation carbonization of pitch macromolecules, leads to the formation of step‐edge‐enriched nanoarrays. Meanwhile, the adequate exposure of edge sites on the basal plane of carbon nanosheets is conducive to achieve the ultra‐efficient doping of elemental fluorine in only 10 min. Further experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the coupling effect of sufficient edge sites and active semi‐ionic CF/covalent CF2 groups on the carbon surface can not only form 2D fluorinated lithium chain and a robust LiF network, but also effectively facilitate Li ion redox kinetics and morphological stability, presenting a step‐edge‐guided plating process. As such, the developed anodes deliver an ultra‐low nucleation overpotential (≈10.5 mV), high Coulombic efficiency (>98% over 385 cycles), ultra‐long cycling duration for up to 3000 h under ≈10 mV, and excellent full battery performance.
Consumer preferences for agricultural product brands in an E‐commerce environment
Authors: Wang Erpeng , Liu Zhenzhen , Gao Zhifeng , Wen Qin , Geng Xianhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBranding agricultural products are popular in the online market, but little is known about consumers' preferences for agricultural product brands in an E‐commerce environment. This study analyzed consumer preferences for three types of agricultural product brands and the interaction effect among them in an E‐commerce environment with a choice experiment. Our results show that regional brand shows remarkable complementary effects on grower brand and store brand, implying regional brand can enhance the value of other brands. Also, we found that there is a substitution effect between grower brand and store brand. Interestingly, we find that consumers prefer cheap or expensive fuji apples rather than middle‐price ones, implying significant consumption stratification in the Chinese online food market. This study also confirms the importance of the time window of delivery. This paper can provide critical information to optimize brand strategies of agricultural products in an E‐commerce environment. [EconLit citations: D12, Q11, Q13]
A comparison of dietary isotopes in pulp stones and incremental dentine from Early Neolithic individuals of the Whitwell Long Cairn, England
Authors: Ostrum Brett , Gröcke Darren R. , Montgomery Janet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates if palaeodietary information can be obtained from pulp stones through stable isotope analysis, presents a method for their extraction from tooth samples, and assesses their utility as a source of paleodietary information when coupled with the incremental dentine method.Materials and MethodsSix tooth samples (2 per individual), four of which contained pulp stones, were selected from three Early Neolithic (3720–3650 cal BC) individuals from the Whitwell Long Cairn in Derbyshire, England. After demineralization, each tooth was divided into 1 mm increments. Stable isotope analysis of collagen was conducted on each dentine increment and a portion of each pulp stone.ResultsAll samples met the quality control criteria for well‐preserved collagen. Excluding the pulp stones, the mean δ13C value of the teeth sampled was −21.5 ± 0.2‰ and the mean δ15N value was 9.9 ± 0.5‰, suggesting these individuals had a terrestrial‐based diet. The pulp stones produced similar δ13C values between −21.6 and −21.4‰ and δ15N values between 9.1 and 9.8‰.DiscussionThe results demonstrate that paleodietary information can be obtained from pulp stones through stable isotope analysis. There are, however, significant challenges in interpreting this data, particularly as to inferring the timing and duration of their formation. The pulp stone results were compared with the incremental dentine profiles for each person to further investigate when they might have formed. For two individuals, the pulp stones appear to reflect diet from a time period after childhood and adolescence. For the third individual, it could not be determined if the pulp stones reflect a contemporary or later time period than the incremental dentine series. All teeth with pulp stones have moderate to severe wear on the occlusal surface, which could have been a contributing factor to their development.
A global perspective on embryological and fetal collections: Where to from here?
Authors: El‐Haddad Joyce , Štrkalj Goran , Pather Nalini 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman fetal and embryos collections (FECs) peaked in the late 19th century, an era before informed consent, and hence have unclear provenance. These collections are not only historical artifacts, but prized resources for education and research. This study aimed to determine, via a narrative review, the present location, status, and profile of reported human fetal and embryonic collections. Twenty‐seven articles that reported on collections appropriate to the study were selected from an initial search pool of 120 articles. The reported collections were in: Australia (n = 1), Germany (n = 6), Japan (n = 1), Spain (n = 1), and the United States (n = 5). The largest collection is reported to contain 45,000 prenatal remains and the smallest, three remains. The purpose of establishing majority of the collections was for education and research. Eight collections contain both embryos and fetuses, one collection contained embryos, exclusively. Another collection contained only fetuses and one neonatal cadaver. The provenance, where mentioned, specified gynecologists and obstetricians as the main source of remains (n = 5). Except for the Kyoto Collection, information regarding informed consent from the next‐of‐kin was lacking. This paper draws upon the three themes of purpose, provenance, and profile and highlights the need to establish agreed international guidelines for the most appropriate ethical and sustainable practice with respect to establishment, procurement of remains, access, and maintenance of these collections. Nine domains for these guidelines are recommended: consent, privacy, commercial gain, digital and emerging technologies, commemorations and memorials, destruction and disposal, dignity of donors, global database and collaboration, and sustainability.
Facing the volatility of tweets in altmetric research
Authors: Fang Zhichao , Dudek Jonathan , Costas Rodrigo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe data re‐collection for tweets from data snapshots is a common methodological step in Twitter‐based research. Understanding better the volatility of tweets over time is important for validating the reliability of metrics based on Twitter data. We tracked a set of 37,918 original scholarly tweets mentioning COVID‐19‐related research daily for 56 days and captured the reasons for the changes in their availability over time. Results show that the proportion of unavailable tweets increased from 1.6 to 2.6% in the time window observed. Of the 1,323 tweets that became unavailable at some point in the period observed, 30.5% became available again afterwards. “Revived” tweets resulted mainly from the unprotecting, reactivating, or unsuspending of users' accounts. Our findings highlight the importance of noting this dynamic nature of Twitter data in altmetric research and testify to the challenges that this poses for the retrieval, processing, and interpretation of Twitter data about scientific papers.
Analysis of coffee bean with laser desorption ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Eunji , Acter Thamina , Uddin Nizam , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the application of laser desorption ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LDI‐HRMS) to identify coffee components. The coffee analysis was performed based on origins, roasting temperatures, and extraction methods. The LDI‐HRMS experimental results were compared with electrospray ionization (ESI) HRMS analysis, which revealed major compositional differences of coffee ingredients between LDI and ESI data. It was also observed that bitter components in coffee increased with the increasing roasting temperature, and espresso was found to have more carbohydrate‐derived compounds. This study clearly shows that coffee components can efficiently be identified with LDI. Moreover, a more systematic database can be constructed by combining it with LDI‐imaging because LDI is simple, fast, and requires small amount sample consumption.