bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading with two eyes: leadership failures and possibilities in the management of a pulp mill’s wicked problem
Authors: McKinnon Mairi N. , Long Brad S. 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe motivation for this paper comes from Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation’s (TRC) Calls to Action, and in particular, the call for more meaningful consultation and respectful, consent-based relationships between businesses and Indigenous communities in Canada. To this end, this study empirically examines leadership in the context of a wicked problem faced by a pulp and paper mill and suggest an Indigenous epistemology as helpful to inform the leadership behaviours employed in this company.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, this study established that the problem faced by the company aligns with the characteristics of wicked problems, hence necessitating a collective leadership approach. This study then compiled a database from publicly available documents and inductively coded this data to identify themes that told us something about the leadership behaviours employed by the company as it attempted to resolve the problem at hand.FindingsThis study provides evidence that the company did not employ collective leadership when attempting to tame its wicked problem. It then shows that the context in which the firm operates lends itself well to the Mi’kmaw concept of Two-Eyed Seeing as a guiding principle that could have informed the company’s leadership and contributed to a long-overdue process of reconciliation. This study proposes several specific actions that plausibly could have helped produce such an outcome.Originality/valueThis paper helps fill a void in applications of the wicked problem construct to businesses. Further, this study suggests that the problem faced by this firm remained difficult to tame precisely because it failed to employ a collective leadership approach. The contribution to the leadership literature comes from introducing Two-Eyed Seeing and showing how it may help produce leadership that is inherently more collective in nature. Beyond its instrumental value, this approach may nurture more consent-based relationships between businesses and Indigenous communities in Canada, as called for by the TRC, hence contributing to reconciliation with a long-suffering neighbouring Indigenous community.
Quantifying predator functional responses under field conditions reveals interactive effects of temperature and interference with sex and stage
Authors: Coblentz Kyle E. , Squires Amber , Uiterwaal Stella , Delong John P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Predator functional responses describe predator feeding rates and are central to predator–prey theory. Originally defined as the relationship between predator feeding rates and prey densities, it is now well known that functional responses are shaped by a multitude of factors. However, much of our knowledge about how these factors influence functional responses is based on laboratory studies that are generally logistically constrained to examining only a few factors simultaneously and that have unclear links to the conditions organisms experience in the field.

We apply an observational approach for measuring functional responses to understand how sex/stage differences, temperature and predator densities interact to influence the functional response of zebra jumping spiders on midges under natural conditions.

We used field surveys of jumping spiders to infer their feeding rates and examine the relationships between feeding rates, sex/stage, midge density, predator density and temperature using generalized additive models. We then used the relationships supported by the models to fit parametric functional responses to the data.

We find that feeding rates of zebra jumping spiders follow some expectations from previous laboratory studies such as increasing feeding rates with body size and decreasing feeding rates with predator densities. However, in contrast to previous results, our results also show a lack of temperature response in spider feeding rates and differential decreases in the feeding rates of females and juveniles with densities of different spider sexes/stages.

Our results illustrate the multidimensional nature of functional responses in natural settings and reveal how factors influencing functional responses can interact with one another through behaviour and morphology. Further studies investigating the influence of multiple mechanisms on predator functional responses under field conditions will increase our understanding of the drivers of predator–prey interaction strengths and their consequences for communities and ecosystems.
Individualized and Combined Effects of Future Urban Growth and Climate Change on Irrigation Water Use in Central Arizona
Authors: Wang Zhaocheng , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIrrigation in agricultural and urban settings is responsible for nearly 80% of the water use in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Over the last three decades, there has been a continuous decrease in cropland area and its water consumption. Meanwhile, urbanization has increased outdoor irrigation to maintain residential areas and parks. Given these trends, irrigation water use (IWU) is subject to large uncertainties which challenge land and water management. In this work, we used a land surface model with an irrigation module to quantify urban and agricultural IWU under the individualized and combined effects of future urban growth and anticipated climate change. A large set of scenario combinations (96 in total) allowed us to bracket plausible pathways of IWU change in the 21st Century. We found that land use change reduced IWU by −4.6% to −0.1% due to savings from crop‐urban conversion, while climate change effects led to increases in IWU by +3.8% to +8.6%. When combined, total IWU changed from +2.5% to +5.8% in the intermediate future (2041–2070) and from −0.5% to 6.8% in the far future (2071–2100). These outcomes suggest that water savings from land use change will likely not be able to compensate for the increasing demand from urban irrigation when considering climate change, under current irrigation practices. Our approach to model the interconnections between land and water under climate change can be used to support sustainable water planning in cities in other arid regions.
Limited time‐specific and longitudinal effects of depressive and manic symptoms on cognition in bipolar spectrum disorders
Authors: Easter Rebecca E. , Ryan Kelly A. , Estabrook Ryne , Marshall David F. , McInnis Melvin G. , Langenecker Scott A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research suggests that cognitive performance worsens during manic and depressed states in bipolar disorder (BD). However, studies have often relied upon between‐subject, cross‐sectional analyses and smaller sample sizes. The current study examined the relationship between mood symptoms and cognition in a within‐subject, longitudinal study with a large sample.MethodsSeven hundred and seventy‐three individuals with BD completed a neuropsychological battery and mood assessments at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. The battery captured eight domains of cognition: fine motor dexterity, visual memory, auditory memory, emotion processing, and four aspects of executive functioning: verbal fluency and processing speed; conceptual reasoning and set shifting; processing speed with influence resolution; and inhibitory control. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms, manic symptoms, and cognitive performance. Age and education were included as covariates. Eight models were run with the respective cognitive domains.ResultsBaseline mood positively predicted 1‐year mood, and baseline cognition positively predicted 1‐year cognition. Mood and cognition were generally not related for the eight cognitive domains. Baseline mania was predictive in one of eight baseline domains (conceptual reasoning and set shifting); baseline cognition predicted 1‐year symptoms (inhibitory control—depression symptoms, visual memory—manic symptoms).ConclusionsIn a large community sample of patients with bipolar spectrum disorder, cognitive performance appears to be largely unrelated to depressive and manic symptoms, suggesting that cognitive dysfunction is stable in BD and is not dependent on mood state in BD. Future work could examine how treatment affects relationship between cognition and mood.Significant OutcomesCognitive dysfunction appears to be largely independent of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder.LimitationsThe sample was generally highly educated (M = 15.22), the majority of the subsample with elevated manic symptoms generally presented with concurrent depressive elevated symptoms, and the study did not stratify recruitment based on mood state.
Early childhood factors in the development of oral health behaviours in adolescence: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Costa Natália C. , Knorst Jessica K. , Brondani Bruna , Menegazzo Gabriele R. , Mendes Fausto M. , Ardenghi Diego M. , Ardenghi Thiago M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesOral health behaviour is a learning process that begins in the early years of an individual’s life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors and oral health behaviours during the transition period from childhood to adolescence.MethodsThis was a cohort study with a follow‐up of 7 years. The baseline assessment occurred in 2010 with a random sample of 639 preschool children from southern Brazil. Demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial oral health conditions were assessed at baseline. Oral health habit variables were collected at follow‐up and included questions regarding dental care and oral hygiene behaviours. Structural equation modelling was performed to assess the direct and indirect relationships between predictors at baseline in oral health behaviours at follow‐up.ResultsA total of 449 children were re‐examined at follow‐up (70.3% cohort retention rate). Factors directly related to poorer oral health behaviours (lower use of dental services, dental visits for emergency reasons and lower frequency of toothbrushing) were lower household income, lower maternal education, lower frequency of visits to neighbours or friends, and male sex. Considering indirect pathways, the household income and maternal education at baseline influenced oral health behaviours at follow‐up via visits to neighbours or friends.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that household income, maternal education and social capital play an important role in the development of oral health behaviours during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Acquisition of healthy oral behaviours is an important factor to consider in childhood. With this knowledge, public health policies can be developed to intervene in specific causal factors and improve oral health during this transitional period.
Vegetative lesions associated with inhaled cocaine use
Authors: Fabregat-Pratdepadua Maria , del Alcázar-Viladomiu Elena , Verdaguer-Faja Júlia , Pi-Sunyer Ariadna Quer , Carrascosa José-Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present two cases of vegetating exudative lesions involving the oral mucosa, in patients that are cocaine users, with findings in biopsy and in direct immunofluorescence consistent with the diagnosis of pyostomatitis vegetans–pyodermatitis vegetans.
Vaccines against sexually transmitted infections: an update
Authors: Fatima Farhat , Kumar Satarupa , Das Anupam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSexually transmitted infections (STI) constitute a major share of the diseases encountered by physicians. Although science has made considerable progress in terms of diagnosing and treating such infections, development of effective and safe vaccines is still needed. Syphilis, viral warts, gonorrhoea, genital herpes, chlamydia and trichomoniasis are the most common infections that are transmitted sexually. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the current status, lacunae and avenues for future research, with reference to the development of STI vaccines.
Successful use of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, to treat IgA nephropathy in a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Hunjan Manrup Kaur , Bardhan Ajoy , Harper Natasha , Langman Gerald , Ajayi Bamidele , Suresh Vijay , Heagerty Adrian H. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe the successful use of rituximab for the treatment of IgA nephropathy in a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature.
Supportive mobility device use across the life span by individuals with cerebral palsy: A qualitative study
Authors: Feldner Heather A. , Gaebler‐Spira Deborah , Awasthi Varun , Bjornson Kristie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo understand the mobility experiences, supportive mobility device (SMD) use, and desired participation outcomes of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) across the life span, and describe how perspectives of rehabilitation care and professional resources may influence mobility decision‐making processes and outcomes.MethodIn the second phase of an overarching study, focus groups were conducted with 164 participants (68 individuals with CP; 32 females, 36 males; mean age 17y 8mo, SD 11y 11mo, range 3–68y), 74 caregivers (50 females, 24 males), and 22 healthcare providers (14 females, eight males) across four US cities. Sessions were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed using constant comparison.ResultsSix themes emerged. Five presented across all stakeholder groups: (1) the system is broken; (2) equipment is simultaneously liberating and restricting; (3) adaptation across the life span; (4) designed for transport, not for living; and (5) sharing our stories and sharing resources. One theme (theme 6) was specific to healthcare providers: caught in the middle.InterpretationThis qualitative study underscores the simultaneous value and frustration associated with SMDs as described by the community with CP, and recognition among all stakeholders of the need to improve connections and resource networks within the community with CP to improve SMD design and provision processes across device types and across the life span for individuals with CP.What this paper adds

Supportive mobility devices (SMDs) were most often equated with freedom, participation, and independence.
Frustration with SMDs across the life span persisted with regard to design, function, cost, and maintenance.
Stakeholders in the community with cerebral palsy are seeking greater networking and resource sharing to enhance SMD provision processes.
Access to appropriate SMDs across the life span and the need for system improvement are critical.
Relative protein intake and associations with markers of physical function in those with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Henson Joseph , Arsenyadis Frank , Redman Emma , Brady Emer M. , Coull Nicole A. , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Hall Andrew P. , James Lewis J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Rowlands Alex V. , Stevenson Emma J. , West Daniel J. , Davies Melanie J. , Yates Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the independent associations between relative protein intake (g kg−1 day1) and markers of physical function in those with type 2 diabetes, while also comparing with current guidelines for protein intake.MethodsThis analysis reports data from the ongoing Chronotype of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Effect on Glycaemic Control (CODEC) study. Functional assessments included: Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 60 s sit‐to‐stand (STS‐60), 4‐m gait speed, time to rise from a chair (×5) and handgrip strength. Participants also completed a self‐reported 4 day diet diary. Regression analyses assessed whether relative protein intake was associated with markers of physical function. Interaction terms assessed whether the associations were modified by sex, age, HbA1c or body mass index (BMI).Results413 participants were included (mean ± SD:age = 65.0 ± 7.7 years, 33% female, BMI = 30.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2). The average total protein intake was 0.88 ± 0.31 g kg−1 day−1. 33% of individuals failed to meet the reference nutrient intake for the United Kingdom (≥0.75 g kg−1 day−1), and 87% for European recommendations (≥1.2 g kg−1 day−1). After adjustment, each 0.5 g/kg of protein intake was associated with an 18.9% (95% CI: 2.3, 35.5) higher SPPB score, 22.7% (1.1, 44.3) more repetitions in STS‐60, 21.1% (4.5, 37.7) faster gait speed and 33.2% (16.9, 49.5) lower chair rise time. There were no associations with handgrip strength or any interactions.ConclusionsRelative protein intake was positively associated with physical function outcomes, even after consideration of total energy intake. As a number of individuals were below the current guidelines, protein intake may be a modifiable factor of importance for people with type 2 diabetes.
Invisible work at work and the reproduction of gendered social service organizations
Authors: Lavee Einat , Kaplan Amit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies demonstrate that the convergence of neoliberalism and New Public Management imperatives creates conditions wherein social service providers undertake various types of unpaid work, reemphasizing the role of gender in service provision. Drawing on these arguments, this study explores the process through which unpaid practices restructure gender in social service organizations, using the concept of “invisible work.” Applying the institutional ethnography method of inquiry, we examine experiences of social service workers in the Israeli public sector and operationalize unpaid work as informal personal resources that workers provide to clients. Analysis of 185 in‐depth interviews revealed three main discursive frames workers use to justify provision of personal resources. Through these frames, informal practices become invisible as work in multiple layers—to the self, the organization, and the society. Similar to invisible work in the household, its invisibility in the workplace constitutes a main force in the reproduction of gendered social service organizations.
Stem Cell‐based therapies for COVID‐19‐related acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Ngai Hoi Wa , Kim Dae Hong , Hammad Mohamed , Gutova Margarita , Aboody Karen , Cox Christopher D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the number of confirmed cases and resulting death toll of the COVID‐19 pandemic continue to increase around the globe ‐ especially with the emergence of new mutations of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in addition to the known alpha, beta, gamma, delta and omicron variants ‐ tremendous efforts continue to be dedicated to the development of interventive therapeutics to mitigate infective symptoms or post‐viral sequelae in individuals for which vaccines are not accessible, viable or effective in the prevention of illness. Many of these investigations aim to target the associated acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS, which induces damage to lung epithelia and other physiologic systems and is associated with progression in severe cases. Recently, stem cell‐based therapies have demonstrated preliminary efficacy against ARDS based on a number of preclinical and preliminary human safety studies, and based on promising outcomes are now being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for ARDS. A number of candidate stem cell therapies have been found to exhibit low immunogenicity, coupled with inherent tropism to injury sites. In recent studies, these have demonstrated the ability to modulate suppression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine signals such as those characterizing COVID‐19‐associated ARDS. Present translational studies are aiming to optimize the safety, efficacy and delivery to fully validate stem cell‐based strategies targeting COVID‐19 associated ARDS for viable clinical application.
Predictive models for clinical decision making: Deep dives in practical machine learning
Authors: Eloranta Sandra , Boman Magnus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe deployment of machine learning for tasks relevant to complementing standard of care and advancing tools for precision health has gained much attention in the clinical community, thus meriting further investigations into its broader use. In an introduction to predictive modelling using machine learning, we conducted a review of the recent literature that explains standard taxonomies, terminology and central concepts to a broad clinical readership. Articles aimed at readers with little or no prior experience of commonly used methods or typical workflows were summarised and key references are highlighted. Continual interdisciplinary developments in data science, biostatistics and epidemiology also motivated us to further discuss emerging topics in predictive and data‐driven (hypothesis‐less) analytics with machine learning. Through two methodological deep dives using examples from precision psychiatry and outcome prediction after lymphoma, we highlight how the use of, for example, natural language processing can outperform established clinical risk scores and aid dynamic prediction and adaptive care strategies. Such realistic and detailed examples allow for critical analysis of the importance of new technological advances in artificial intelligence for clinical decision‐making. New clinical decision support systems can assist in prevention and care by leveraging precision medicine.
Cancer testis antigen (PRAME) as an independent marker for survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)
Authors: Haidari Selgai , Tröltzsch Matthias , Fliefel Riham , Jungbluth Achim A. , Otto Sven , Fegg Florian , Liokatis Paris , Ahmadi Nima , Eberl Marian , Probst Florian Andreas , Knösel Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to assess the expression patterns of the cancer testis antigen PRAME, NY‐ESO1, and SSX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) and to correlate the expression with clinical and histopathological parameters including progression‐free survival analysis.MethodsThe study variables of this retrospective cohort study (n = 83) included demographic data, histopathological data, and information on progression‐free survival. PRAME expression patterns were rated based on immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA). The survival rate was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model. The primary predictor variable was defined as the expression of PRAME and the outcome variable was progression‐free survival.ResultsAnalysis of progression‐free survival using Kaplan–Meier method showed that patients with positive expression of PRAME had lower probabilities of progression‐free survival (p < 0.001). According to the Cox regression model, the level of PRAME expression had a considerable and significant independent influence on progression‐free survival (positive PRAME expression increasing the hazards for a negative outcome by 285% in our sample; HR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.45–10.2, p = 0.007). The expression of SSX2 (n = 1) and NY‐ESO‐1 (n = 5) in our samples was rare.ConclusionPRAME is expressed in OSCC and appears to be a suitable marker of progression‐free survival, correlates with severe course, and may allow identification of high‐risk patients with aggressive progression.