bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chin Microgenia: An Anthropometric Analysis on the Prevalence and Severity in a Chinese Population
Authors: Hsieh Daniel Meng-Yen , He Huinan , Zhong Shaomin , Liew Steven , Wu Yan 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
The chin is an important component of facial harmony, and deficient chins are associated with unattractiveness. Previous studies have reported microgenia as the most common subtype of chin deformities.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence and severity of microgenia in a Chinese population through facial anthropometric analysis.

METHODS
A total of 800 Han Chinese adults from various age groups of both sexes were recruited for facial anthropometric measurements and photographic analysis. Chin deficiencies in both sagittal and vertical dimensions were evaluated using G-S-P angle, chin retrusion distance, and Sn–Vl/Sn–Me ratio criteria.

RESULTS
In the sagittal dimension, microgenia was present in 60.7% of men and 68.6% of women according to the G-S-P angle criterion, and the angle significantly decreased with age in women (p < .05). According to the chin retrusion criterion, microgenia was present in 38.7% of men and 32.3% of women, and the retrusion distance significantly increased with age in both sexes (p < .05). Vertical microgenia was present in 69.6% of men and 81.9% of women according to the Sn–Vl/Sn–Me criterion, and the ratio gradually increased with age in both sexes (p < .05).

CONCLUSION
Microgenia is common among Chinese, particularly in women, and the prevalence and severity increase with age.
Risk Factors for Infection After Noncultured Melanocyte Keratinocyte Transplantation for Vitiligo
Authors: Altalhab Saad , Shalaby Suzan S. , Saadi Dina G. , Ezzedine Khaled , AlJasser Mohammed I. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
Noncultured autologous melanocyte keratinocyte transplantation is considered a safe and effective treatment option in stable vitiligo. Factors associated with risk of infection are still poorly explored.

OBJECTIVE
To search for factors associated with the risk of infection after noncultured autologous melanocyte keratinocyte transplantation (MKTP).

METHOD
This was a retrospective multicentric study including all patients with vitiligo who had undergone noncultured autologous MKTP between January 2010 and December 2020. Data included age, sex, site, and size of the treated area, recipient area preparation method, and antibiotic prescription preceding the procedure. Univariate and multivariate analyses to search for factors associated with infection after MKTP were conducted.

RESULTS
A total of 672 patients were included. Infection was present in 39 of the patients (6%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.2%–7.7%). The following factors were independently associated with higher rate of infection: cryotherapy for recipient area preparation (OR 19.76, 95% CI: 3.21–121.74) and treated lesions on the trunk (OR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.21–5.90), lower extremity (OR 5.99, 95% CI: 2.49–14.40), and foot (OR 13.15, 95% CI: 4.37–39.62).

CONCLUSION
Infection after noncultured autologous MKTP is not uncommon. Cryotherapy for recipient area preparation and lesions on the trunk, lower extremity, or foot was independently associated with an increased risk of infection.
The Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Sleep Disturbance Item as a Screener for Insomnia in Individuals With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lequerica Anthony H. , Watson Eric , Dijkers Marcel P. , Goldin Yelena , Hoffman Jeanne M. , Niemeier Janet P. , Silva Marc A. , Rabinowitz Amanda , Chiaravalloti Nancy D. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To examine the utility of the sleep disturbance item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for insomnia among individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
Telephone interview.

Participants:
A sample of 248 individuals with a history of moderate to severe TBI participated in an interview within 2 years of their injury.

Design:
Observational, cross-sectional analysis.

Main Measures:
The PHQ-9 was administered along with the Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sleep Hygiene Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Insomnia Interview Schedule.

Results:
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted for the PHQ-9 sleep item rating against a set of insomnia criteria to determine an optimal cutoff score. A cutoff of 2 on the PHQ-9 sleep item maximized sensitivity (76%) and specificity (79%), with an area under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.88). The 2 groups formed using this cutoff differed significantly on all sleep measures except the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

Conclusions:
The PHQ-9 sleep item may serve as a useful screener to allow for detection of potential sleep disturbance among individuals with moderate to severe TBI. Those who screen positive using this item included in a commonly used measure of depression can be prioritized for further and more comprehensive assessment of sleep disorders.
The Role of Neuroinflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Feiger Jeremy A. , Snyder Rachael L. , Walsh Michael J. , Cissne Mackenzie , Cwiek Andrew , Al-Momani Seima I. , Chiou Kathy S. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but their etiological onset remains unclear. Mental health research implicates neuroinflammation in the development of psychiatric disorders. The presence of neuroinflammatory responses after TBI thus prompts an investigation of their involvement in the emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders postinjury.

Objective:
Review the literature surrounding the role of neuroinflammation and immune response post-TBI in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Methods:
A search of scientific databases was conducted for original, empirical studies in human subjects. Key words such as “neuroinflammation,” “TBI,” and “depression” were used to identify psychopathology as an outcome TBI and the relation to neuroinflammatory response.

Results:
Study results provide evidence of neuroinflammation mediated post-TBI neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety, trauma/stress, and depression. Inflammatory processes and stress response dysregulation can lead to secondary cell damage, which promote the development and maintenance of neuropsychiatric disorders postinjury.

Conclusion:
This review identifies both theoretical and empirical support for neuroinflammatory response as feasible mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders after TBI. Further understanding of these processes in this context has significant clinical implications for guiding the development of novel treatments to reduce psychiatric symptoms postinjury. Future directions to address current limitations in the literature are discussed.
Community-Based Interventions After Acquired Brain Injury—A Systematic Review of Intervention Types and Their Effectiveness
Authors: Hauger Solveig Lægreid , Borgen Ida M. H. , Løvstad Marianne , Lu Juan , Forslund Marit V. , Kleffelgård Ingerid , Andelic Nada , Røe Cecilie 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
Comprehensive review of existing types and effectiveness of community-based interventions delivered to adults (mean age 18-65 years) with long-lasting (≥6 months) difficulties following acquired brain injury (ABI).

Design:
Systematic review of controlled intervention studies published until February 2021.

Main Measures:
Systematic searches in databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects [Cochrane Library], and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [Cochrane Library]) and inclusion of English peer-reviewed full-text articles; randomized or controlled community-based intervention studies; sample size of 20 or more participants; and 3 or more intervention sessions. Two reviewers independently extracted data for the synthesis and assessed the methodological quality. Data extraction included study characteristics, demographics of participants, content and dose of intervention, outcome measures, and findings.

Result:
The search returned 7386 publications, of which 49 eligible studies were included, revealing a diverse range of community-based interventions and a myriad of outcome measures applied for assessing functional capacities, participation, and quality of life in the chronic phase of ABI. Intervention types encompassed 14 holistic, 23 physical, and 12 specific interventions. A large heterogeneity regarding intervention frequency and intensity was found. Meta-analyses performed on the holistic, physical, and specific interventions did not indicate any significant pooled effects but showed highly variable effects between individuals, both in persons with traumatic and nontraumatic brain injuries.

Conclusions:
Because of lack of pooled effects within types of community-based interventions, specific evidence-based recommendations within holistic, physical, and specific interventions designed to mitigate long-lasting ABI problems cannot be made. This review highlights the need for future studies to address methodological issues concerning larger sample size, lack of clear description interventions and comparator, missing reports of effects in change scores, need for consistent use of recommended outcome measures, and investigating the wide variety in intervention responsiveness among participants with ABI. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42019124949).
RESCUE INTRAVITREAL METHOTREXATE TREATMENT FOLLOWING EARLY RECOGNITION OF PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Alabi Rolake , Stryjewski Tomasz P. , Vora Robin A. , Eliott Dean , Moussa Kareem 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To report a case of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in a man with recurrent retinal detachment successfully managed without surgical intervention following the initiation of intravitreal methotrexate injections to arrest progression of PVR.

Methods:
Report of a case.

Results:
A 60-year-old man presented to the retina clinic 4 weeks after undergoing vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and was found to have an inferior recurrent retinal detachment. He underwent repeat vitrectomy and scleral buckling with successful reattachment of the retina in the immediate postoperative period. At postoperative Week 2, preretinal membranes were noted inferiorly with stretching of the causative retinal break and localized subretinal fluid, consistent with early PVR. The patient underwent immediate laser barricade, and a course of intravitreal methotrexate injections was started. At the final follow-up 7 months later, the retina was fully attached without progression of PVR.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal methotrexate may play a role in arresting progression of early postoperative PVR and obviating the need for surgical intervention.
Management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma following prior vascular endothelial growth factor–targeted therapy: A real-world retrospective study from Taiwan
Authors: Chung Hsiao-Jen , Chang Yen-Hwa , Huang Yi-Hsiu , Lin Tzu-Ping , Wei Tzu-Chun , Lin Fang-Ju , Huang Huai-Hsuan , Wang Hui-Chuan 
Published: February 2022

Background:
There are limited real-world data to guide the sequencing of targeted therapies in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The objective of this study was to characterize real-world treatment patterns (primarily second line [2L]) after prior vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted therapy in an unselected mRCC population from Taiwan between 2013 and 2017. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and their management were also evaluated (NCT03633579).

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included patients who had received prior VEGF-targeted therapy and were treated at the National Taiwan University Hospital or the Taipei Veterans General Hospital between June 2013 and December 2017. Outcomes were characterized using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Overall, 27 patients were included: 22 (81.5%) male; mean standard deviation (SD) age, 63.1 (11.1) years; 18 (66.7%) initiated targeted therapy during the year immediately following mRCC diagnosis. All patients received sunitinib as their first-line (1L) targeted therapy, with a median (range) treatment duration of 10 (1.8–65.8) months. The most common reason for discontinuing 1L sunitinib was disease progression (88.9% of patients). Everolimus was the most common 2L targeted therapy, in 23 patients (85.2%); 4 patients (14.8%) received 2L axitinib. Median (range) duration of 2L therapy was 4.0 (0.1–30.5) months for everolimus and 4.2 (0.5–9.2) months for axitinib. Ten TRAEs were reported among seven patients receiving 2L everolimus: hypertension (n = 5), hand-foot syndrome (n = 2), hyperglycemia (n = 1), renal failure (n = 1), and interstitial pneumonitis (n = 1). The majority (80%) of TRAEs were managed in the outpatient setting. No TRAEs were reported in the axitinib group.

Conclusion:
Real-world management of patients with mRCC in Taiwan broadly aligned with clinical guidelines and national reimbursement policy at the time of the study. These findings may be a useful reference for assessing the implications of evolving mRCC management approaches in Taiwan.
Treatment for Children with Upper-Limb Differences in Various Parts of the World: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Hill Wendy , Hermansson Liselotte Maria 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To support clinicians who treat children with upper-limb differences, we must first understand how these children are treated around the world.

Study Design
A descriptive survey was carried out in this study.

Objectives
The aim was to describe how treatment for children with upper-limb difference is provided in different parts of the world.

Methods
A web-based survey was used to gather data. The survey was shared on the Handsmart website, through providers and members using snowball sampling.

Results
Sixty-eight respondents from 18 countries, with most being occupational therapists and prosthetists, participated. All respondents reported that they provide prosthetic treatment and most fit a passive prosthesis before 1 year of age.
Respondents from 13 countries reported having governmental funding for the provision of care for people with upper-limb loss. Intervention is guided by the presentation of the limb as well as availability of funding and other resources. In 12 countries, no treatment other than fitting of prostheses is provided for the children. The children who do not receive a prosthesis continue to see an occupational or physical therapist for other treatment (other devices, follow-up). Respondents stated that they would like to see clear treatment guidelines used by multidisciplinary teams to fit children and that treatment should include regular follow-up.

Conclusions
Children are treated differently in various parts of the world based on different funding, family support, and therapy resources. Further studies should encompass a geographically representative sample of children’s clinics.

Clinical Relevance
This study provides information regarding treatment practices for children with upper-limb loss/difference in various parts of the world; prosthetic treatment is common for children, although ages for fitting vary among clinics and countries. Results will contribute by supporting clinicians to provide better treatment for children with upper-limb loss/difference.
Prevention of pneumococcal infections in childhood: two decades of progress
Authors: Walter Emmanuel B. , Smith Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
This review highlights progress in combating pediatric pneumococcal disease in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). This review is timely given the development of increased valency PCVs for potential use in children.

Recent findings
Countries implementing vaccination programs with PCVs have witnessed dramatic reductions in cases of childhood invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In the US, the largest decline of IPD followed the introduction of 7-valent PCV with additional decreases following the switch to 13-valent PCV (PCV13). Despite these gains, IPD still occurs in the US but at much lower rates. Likewise, pneumonia hospitalizations and office visits for otitis media have decreased. Nasopharyngeal colonization with pneumococci has persisted due to replacement by nonvaccine serotypes: colonizing non-PCV13 serotypes have less invasive potential. The PCV era has also been marked by reductions in the proportions of pneumococcus showing nonsusceptibility or resistance to some antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, PCVs have an excellent safety profile.

Summary
Despite proven safety and efficacy, childhood vaccination programs in some countries do not include PCVs, resulting in the majority of global deaths attributable to pneumococcus. Increased worldwide vaccination of children and the development of higher valency vaccines holds additional promise for further reductions in childhood IPD.
Incorporation of Telehealth Into Multidisciplinary Clinics
Authors: Gleghorn Elizabeth E. , Hilk Susan S. , Rothbaum Robert 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTShelter in place orders in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic necessitate changes in how medical care is delivered. We describe our method for team telemedicine visits for California Children's Services, a state insurance for children requiring multidisciplinary care, to demonstrate how such visits can be efficiently conducted. Although the physical distance provides some obstacles, telemedicine visits can also improve some elements of the team visit.
Impact of Time to Diagnosis on Morbidity and Survival in Children With Malignant Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Ronsley Rebecca , Crowell Cameron , Irvine Mike , Kang Mehima , Goldman Ran D. , Erker Craig , Cheng Sylvia 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The aim was to determine the impact of time to diagnosis (TTD) on morbidity and mortality and to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS) in pediatric patients with malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of all malignant CNS tumors presenting to 2 tertiary care pediatric hospitals from 2000 to 2019. Cox proportional hazard model analysis outcomes included TTD and OS as well as morbidity; stratified by tumor category, age, relapse, and presence of metastatic disease.

Results:
There were 197 children with malignant CNS tumors (mean age 8.7 y, 61% male). Tumors included medulloblastoma (N=58, 29.4%), ependymoma (N=27, 13.7%), high-grade glioma (N=42, 21.3%), germ cell tumors (N=47, 23.9%), and other embryonal tumors (N=23, 11.7%). Median TTD from symptom onset was 62 (interquartile range: 26.5 to 237.5 d) and 28% had metastatic disease. Three-year progression free survival was 55% and 3-year OS was 73.1%. Increased OS was associated with increased TTD (parameter estimate 0.12; confidence interval [CI]: 0.019-7.06; P=0.019), high-grade glioma (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.46; CI [1.03-5.86]; P=0.042), other embryonal tumor (HR: 2.84; CI [1.06-7.56]; P=0.037), relapse (HR: 10.14; CI: 4.52-22.70; P<0.001) and metastatic disease (HR: 3.25; CI: 1.51-6.96; P=0.002). Vision change (HR: 0.58; CI: 0.313-1.06; P=0.078), hearing loss (HR: 0.71; CI: 0.35-1.42; P=0.355), and cognitive impairment (HR: 0.73; CI: 0.45-1.19; P=0.205) were not associated with TTD in this model.

Conclusions:
Increased median TTD is associated with higher OS in pediatric patients treated for malignant CNS tumors. Tumor biology and treatment modality are more important factors than TTD for predicting morbidity and long-term outcomes in pediatric patients with CNS tumors.
The Public Health Role of Medical Examiner Offices During COVID-19 and Other Mass Fatality Events
Authors: Bhullar Manreet K. , Gilson Thomas P. , Lee Junghyae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The public health role of a medical examiner office (MEO) in a pandemic is largely undefined; however, death data may be useful in strategic planning. Deaths reportable to MEO are defined in statute, with discretion as to the assumption of jurisdiction. We analyzed the daily reported death numbers (DRDNs) in our jurisdiction from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, and compared them with hospital admission and COVID-19 fatality data over the same period. The DRDN from an MEO is easily obtained and may be useful as a supplemental and surrogate metric in certain pandemic mass casualty decisions. Hospital admission data were analyzed in real time and with a 2-week time-shift, as deaths lag hospital admissions as a disease surveillance metric. Moderate correlation was observed between DRDN and hospital admissions (r = 0.570), and this improved to strong correlation (0.645) when the 2-week time-shift was incorporated into the analysis. Both evaluations were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The DRDN also moderately correlated (r = 0.412) with the number of COVID-19 deaths. Because death certification and hospital diagnosis may be delayed, real-time trend recognition in a pandemic may benefit from use of DRDN from MEO.
Optimal Lung Cancer Screening Criteria Among Persons Living With HIV
Authors: Sellers Subhashini A. , Edmonds Andrew , Ramirez Catalina , Cribbs Sushma K. , Ofotokun Igho , Huang Laurence , Morris Alison , Mccormack Meredith C. , Kunisaki Ken M. , D'souza Gypsyamber , Rivera M. Patricia , Drummond M. Bradley , Adimora Adaora A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2021 updated recommendations on lung cancer screening with chest computed tomography to apply to individuals 50–80 years of age (previously 55–80 years), with a ≥20 pack-year history (previously ≥30), whether currently smoking or quit ≤15 years ago. Despite being at higher risk for lung cancer, persons with HIV (PWH) were not well-represented in the National Lung Screening Trial, which informed the USPSTF 2013 recommendations. It is unknown or unclear how PWH are affected by the 2021 recommendations.

Setting:
This study was a retrospective analysis of PWH with and without lung cancer in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Methods:
We identified PWH, ages 40–80 years, who currently or previously smoked, with (cases) and without lung cancer (noncases). The sensitivity and specificity of the old, new, and alternative screening criteria were evaluated in each cohort.

Results:
We identified 52 women and 19 men with lung cancer and 1950 women and 1599 men without lung cancer. Only 11 women (22%) and 6 men (32%) with lung cancer met 2013 screening criteria; however, more women (22; 44%) and men (12; 63%) met 2021 criteria. Decreased age and tobacco exposure thresholds in women further increased sensitivity of the 2021 criteria.

Conclusions:
The 2021 USPSTF lung cancer screening recommendations would have resulted in more PWH with lung cancer being eligible for screening at the time of their diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to determine optimal screening criteria for PWH, particularly in women.