bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) among Oil Palm Settlers in Felda Wilayah Alor Setar, Kedah: A Survey
Authors: Adnan S S , Zaman N B K , Othman N M I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In today’s age of modernization, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been a part and play a great role in the development of agriculture sector. The ICT revolution has brought significant implication in agricultural development where farmers can directly communicate with traders, government and buyers. However, due to lack of knowledge and information, oil palm settlers are not getting the benefits from these technologies. To further understand this, a study was conducted to find out the adoption, usage level and factor influence the adoption of ICTs among oil palm settlers. This article proposed a conceptual framework that was constructed from two main constructs such as technology and demographic factors. The proposed framework underpinned diffusion of innovation framework that was introduced by Rogers’ (2003) which five major attributes: relative advantages, compatibility, simplicity, trialability, and observability. 211 respondents were answering the questionnaire in this study and the measurement of internal consistency shows the Cronbach’s alpha result α = 0.933, which considered as accepted reliability value. All constructs show a positive significant coefficient of multiple correlations result, r = 0.87, which means all constructs have strong positive multiple correlations with the ICT adoption except complexity. Results revealed that majority of the respondents were males (84.4%), a high percentage (65.4%) of adoption level and usage level (76.8%). As a conclusion, the proposed conceptual framework may consider as a basic foundation for general ICT adoption overview in the perspective of Malaysia agriculture industry.
Potential of Millet Grains as Alternative Media for Preservation of Fungal Pathogen
Authors: Noor N M , Galea V , Aani S N A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Crop losses due to pathogen attacks had increased tremendously from year to year and this situation is very alarming. Among important pathogen, fungi are dominant causal agents of plant disease that manage to colonize the host with various strategies and finally kill them. Identification based on laboratory investigations become vital since there are many kinds of fungi linked to plant disease. Laboratory investigations might take a long period thus effective storage and preservation of fungal cultures are critical to ensuring their viability and maintaining their genetic integrity. Conventional agar medium preservation is not really ideal for long-term study since it requires repetitive sub-culturing, which can change the pathogen’s characteristics and contaminate the fungal cultures. This study has determined the potential of millet grains as alternative media for preservation of fungal pathogen using three different drying process. Two species of fungi that related with dieback disease of woody plants such as Parkinsonia, mango, cocoa and apple have been used in this study namely Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae. The effectiveness of the millet grains as culture media were assessed based on viability and contamination rates. Millet grains that have been cultured with the fungal pathogen were dried using three drying process which are air drying, oven drying and freeze drying. Viability test revealed that both fungi produced high viability rates even after 8 weeks of storage period in the millet grains. The least contamination rate recorded by millet grains that have been dried using oven drying. The findings indicate that millet grains habe a great potential as an alternative media for preservation of fungal pathogen.
Design of Green Tea Drying System Using Smoke and Temperature Sensors Based on Microcontroller
Authors: Mulianda P , Fahmy K , Andasuryani  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The green tea drying process still uses wood as its fuel because it can reduce production costs. However, the smoke produced by the bottom firewood enters the drying chamber, thus affecting the quality of the green tea produced. Therefore, it is necessary to have a drying system that can detect and control the smoke entering the drying chamber and control the temperature during the drying process. The tea drying system is designed using a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor based on a microcontroller. This system is also equipped with an RH sensor that can monitor the RH value during the drying process. From the device performance test results, it was found that the system designed can control the smoke and temperature in the drying chamber to be applied to the green tea drying process in tea factories.
Changes in soil microstructure and physical characteristics of peat soils under pineapple plantation
Authors: Azmi I A , Kassim N Q B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In Malaysia, peat soils have been successfully planted with various crops such as pineapple, oil palm, and sago. However, the development of peat soils to plantations may raise problems to the environment and alter their physical and morphological characteristics. Hence, this study was conducted to differentiate peat soils microstructure between natural peat and pineapple cultivated peat. The soil samples were taken at 0-50 cm, 50-100 cm, and 100-150 cm depth, and the Von post scale method was conducted in the field. The samples were tested in the water content, organic content, and rubbed fiber content for physical analysis. The samples were then sent to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis to determine peat soil microstructure and elemental analysis. The results showed that the pineapple cultivated peat has a higher humification degree than natural peat. The fast degradation process of cell walls also can be seen in SEM images in higher humification degrees. It is concluded that the disturbance of peatlands due to human activities may accelerate the decomposition process in peat soils.
Assessment of water resources for water irrigation purposes in Bintan island
Authors: Marganingrum D , Santoso H , Mulyono A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The raw water for irrigation must meet the minimum requirements of class IV water quality. This study aims at presenting a water quality assessment of several raw water sources in Bintan Island for irrigation purposes. The methods used are Standardized Precipitation Index, Pollution Index, and Sodium Adsorption Ratio. A climate analysis showed that the potential high risk of the flood was 16 events in 22 years, and severe-to-extreme dry soil moisture and streamflow were 8 to 10 events in 22 years, with durations of every event varying from 1 to 6 months. Severe-to-extreme reduction of reservoir level was five events in 22 years, with a duration of every event varying from 2 to 13 months. The water quality analysis showed that all water sources meet the quality standard to irrigation as a class IV water quality. While based on SAR values, all water sources have excellent categories and good categories, except Dompak pond and Kolong 6 reservoirs that are doubtful categories. The availability of raw water mainly causes the problem of water sources, so better surface water management is necessary for Bintan Island to support food resilience.
The Producing of Fermented Milk as an Application of Alternative Halal Culture Medium for the Growth of Lactobacillus plantarum TMW 1.1623 and Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Riftyan E , Rossi E , Efendi R , Marcellina Z 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The halal food industry is increasing in conjunction with the world’s Muslim population growth. Microbial bioprocess-based is an option for producing a wide range of high-quality and nutritional foods. This study aimed to evaluate fermented milk using Lactobacillus plantarum TMW 1.1623 and Streptococcus thermophilus as starter cultures propagated on halal media. The catfish was used as the primary raw material for preparing peptone to formulate the halal medium. The papain enzyme was occupied during the hydrolysis process of peptone extraction. Experimental studies used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatment in this study was to produce fermented milk with the concentration of starter cultures 3, 5, 7, and 9% (V/V). The ratio of L. plantarum TMW 1.1623 and S. thermophilus is 1:1. The results indicated that the starter concentration of the cultures significantly affects the pH, titratable acidity, Viscosity, total sugar, and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of fermented milk. The best quality fermented milk was obtained with a 9% culture starter of L. plantarum TMW 1.1623 and S. thermophilus. The pH was 4.88, total acid 0.74%, total sugar 0.53%, viscosity 1043.17cP, and total LAB 11.49 log CFU/mL.
Effect of storage time of halal peptone at refrigerator temperature on bacterial growth
Authors: Rossi E , Efendi R , Rahmayuni  , Reval O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Protein hydrolysate, such as peptone, is a protein molecule that contains amino acids and is one source of nitrogen used for microbial development. Commercial peptone is usually derived from animals; however, if it is not slaughtered according to Islamic law, it is not halal, except for pigs and dogs. Pangasius fillet waste (P) and pineapple core (C) are agro-industrial wastes with great potential as raw materials to produce halal peptone. This study aimed to evaluate halal peptone made from P and C with a ratio of 3:1 stored in cold temperatures as a medium for the growth of microorganisms. The research treatment was the storage of halal peptone for four storage periods, namely T1 = 0 wk, T2 = 1 wk, T3 = 3 wk, and T4 = 4 wk at 4°C. At each storage time, peptone was inoculated with L. plantarum strain TMW 1.1623, S. thermophilus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. Total L. plantarum strain TMW 1.1623 and S. thermophilus at 0 wk were 10.14 and 11.17 log CFU/mL, respectively, which were significantly different (P<0.05) with total LAB in other treatments for each LAB strain. On the other hand, the growth of pathogenic bacteria was not affected (P>0.05) by the storage time of halal peptone at 4°C. This study concludes that the halal peptone solution stored at 4°C can still be used as a growth medium for LAB or pathogenic bacteria.
Phytochemical screening, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid content of Jupiter variety leaves extract and their antioxidant and insecticidal activity
Authors: Zain W Z W M , Hamid N A , Nazihah N , Izzah N , Azaman N , Ramli N W , Yamin B , Musa S A N C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Grapes are one of the most widely grown fruit around the world but is not for tropical climates area. However, currently in Malaysia the grapes planting become more popular due to the successful production from the local farmers. Due to this situation, the researchers start to focus on the product development from the grapes. This research is to screen the phytochemical compound of grapes leaves extract from Jupiter variety and their antioxidant and insecticidal activity. The DPPH test method was used to determine the antioxidant level. Folin-Ciocalteau assay and aluminium chloride colorimetric assay were used to assess total phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. The phytochemical was also screened to determine the compound presented in extract. Then, the extract was tested on the Sitophilus oryzae to examine the insecticidal activity in stored rice. The result showed that extract of has a good potential in order to control Sitophilus oryzae and has a high amount of antioxidant. The various compounds presented in the extract that led to the high insecticidal activity. Thus, this result is very significant to help the rice producer in order to control the beetles in rice storage without reducing the quality of rice.
Characteristics of the Chemical Physical Properties of Cassava Flour Modification (Mocaf) with the Use of Blondo or Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Dregs
Authors: Harni M , Putri S K , Gusmalini  , Handayani T D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) is a yam flour that has been modified by fermentation using Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) that is sold freely in the community. The use of blondo is expected to replace the use of LAB because it is from VCO that has not been utilized properly. The LAB used in the production is from the production of VCO by fermentation. The study was conducted by using a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 3 repetation, as mocaf control used BIMO bacteria. Advanced testing used the Duncan New Mutiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a real level of 5%. Observations on mocaf flour include, pH flour, WHC, swelling and whitish flour. The observation resulted in a pH value of mocaf 6.43-5.44, WHC mocaf 207.7-231.3%, swelling mocaf 551-1650.33% and whitish mocaf 90.77-91.68.
Study on the Use of Food Additives in Local Food Products Marketed in the Tourist Area of Padang City
Authors: Ismanto S D , Taib G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main problem with culinary in Padang City is related to quality standards. This relates to processing standards and material standards used. One of the materials that have not been used according to the standard is the use of food additives. The use of these food additives should be changed with the use of natural ingredients. For this reason, it is necessary to study the problem of using food additives so that the products produced are safe for consumers, especially for tourists who buy them. In this study, the data obtained were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. From the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the reason for using food additives is for cost efficiency with a weight of 0.587, product taste 0.218, product appearance 0.123 and product expiration 0.072. In addition, several things that become obstacles to the use of natural ingredients are the production cost factor with a weight of 0.460, product appearance 0.325, product taste 0.149 and risk of loss 0.067. Based on this existing data, it is necessary to design the most appropriate pattern so that local food producers can minimize the use of food additives.
Diversity of Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) at the Forested Area of Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Mairawita  , Herwina H , Rahman T , Janra M N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The termites are ubiquitous whenever their food available. Hence, they can be found almost in every place where woods or wooden structure exist. This research intended to do the inventory on termite (Isoptera) diversity at the Biological Education and Research Forest (BERF), Medicinal Plant Garden and Animal Husbandry Faculty’s Field Station; all of them are forested parts of Universitas Andalas in Limau Manis Padang, West Sumatra. These forested sections of the campus area have purposes for maintaining some ecological functions as well as to become site where the practice of research and education implemented. The research had been conducted from March to July 2020. Termites were sampled along the transect using direct collecting method. As result, it was recorded a total of 12 species belonged to nine genera, four subfamilies and two families. Termitidae had the highest records with 11 species identified, while Rhinotermitidae was termite family with only one species recorded. Nasutitermitinae, with seven species, became subfamily with the most members found, followed by Termitinae with three species, Macrotermitinae and Rhinotermitinae with one species each. The forested area of Universitas Andalas had moderate termite diversity (H’ = 2.08).
Tunable elastomer materials with vascular tissue-like rupture mechanics behavior
Authors: Corti Andrea , Shameen Tariq , Sharma Shivang , De Paolis Annalisa , Cardoso Luis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose. Laboratory models of human arterial tissues are advantageous to examine the mechanical response of blood vessels in a simplified and controllable manner. In the present study, we investigated three silicone-based materials for replicating the mechanical properties of human arteries documented in the literature. Methods. We performed uniaxial tensile tests up to rupture on Sylgard184, Sylgard170 and DowsilEE-3200 under different curing conditions and obtained their True (Cauchy) stress-strain behavior and Poisson’s ratios by means of digital image correlation (DIC). For each formulation, we derived the constitutive parameters of the 3-term Ogden model and designed numerical simulations of tubular models under a radial pressure of 250 mmHg. Results. Each material exhibits evident non-linear hyperelasticity and dependence on the curing condition. Sylgard184 is the stiffest formulation, with the highest shear moduli and ultimate stresses at relative low strains (μ
184 = 0.52–0.88 MPa, σ
184 = 15.90–16.54 MPa, ε
184 = 0.72–0.96). Conversely, Sylgard170 and DowsilEE-3200 present significantly lower shear moduli and ultimate stresses that are closer to data reported for arterial tissues (μ
170 = 0.33–0.7 MPa σ
170 = 2.61–3.67 MPa, ε
170 = 0.69–0.81; μ
dow = 0.02–0.09 MPa σ
dow = 0.83–2.05 MPa, ε
dow = 0.91–1.05). Under radial pressure, all formulations except DowsilEE-3200 at 1:1 curing ratio undergo circumferential stresses that remain in the elastic region with values ranging from 0.1 to 0.18 MPa. Conclusion. Sylgard170 and DowsilEE-3200 appear to better reproduce the rupture behavior of vascular tissues within their typical ultimate stress and strain range. Numerical models demonstrate that all three materials achieve circumferential stresses similar to human common carotid arteries (Sommer et al 2010), making these formulations suited for cylindrical laboratory models under physiological and supraphysiological loading.
An organic synaptic circuit: toward flexible and biocompatible organic neuromorphic processing
Authors: Mirshojaeian Hosseini Mohammad Javad , Yang Yi , Prendergast Aidan J , Donati Elisa , Faezipour Miad , Indiveri Giacomo , Nawrocki Robert A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the nervous system synapses play a critical role in computation. In neuromorphic systems, biologically inspired hardware implementations of spiking neural networks, electronic synaptic circuits pass signals between silicon neurons by integrating pre-synaptic voltage pulses and converting them into post-synaptic currents, which are scaled by the synaptic weight parameter. The overwhelming majority of neuromorphic systems are implemented using inorganic, mainly silicon, technology. As such, they are physically rigid, require expensive fabrication equipment and high fabrication temperatures, are limited to small-area fabrication, and are difficult to interface with biological tissue. Organic electronics are based on electronic properties of carbon-based molecules and polymers and offer benefits including physical flexibility, low cost, low temperature, and large-area fabrication, as well as biocompatibility, all unavailable to inorganic electronics. Here, we demonstrate an organic differential-pair integrator synaptic circuit, a biologically realistic synapse model, implemented using physically flexible complementary organic electronics. The synapse is shown to convert input voltage spikes into output current traces with biologically realistic time scales. We characterize circuit’s responses based on various synaptic parameters, including gain and weighting voltages, time-constant, synaptic capacitance, and circuit response due to inputs of different frequencies. Time constants comparable to those of biological synapses and the neurons are critical in processing real-world sensory signals such as speech, or bio-signals measured from the body. For processing even slower signals, e.g., on behavioral time scales, we demonstrate time constants in excess of two seconds, while biologically plausible time constants are achieved by deploying smaller synaptic capacitors. We measure the circuit synaptic response to input voltage spikes and present the circuit response properties using custom-made circuit simulations, which are in good agreement with the measured behavior.
Variation in reproductive mode across the latitudinal range of invasive Russian knapweed
Authors: Gaskin John F , Littlefield Jeffrey L , Rand Tatyana A , West Natalie M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For invading species, reproduction is a critical determinant of population establishment as well as spread into new areas. When species have multiple modes of reproduction, the prevalence of different modes can influence management decisions. We used genetic markers to determine the prevalent method of recruitment for invasive Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens). This species forms patches and can spread by both rhizomic growth and seed from outcrossing. We found no shared genotypes between 41 western North American populations, indicating at the macroscale, Russian knapweed is spreading via seed to distant locations. We also examined drivers of reproductive mode by comparing clonality with large-scale environmental factors across the invasion. We found a correlation between latitude and clonal versus seed reproduction, with clonality higher in northern latitude populations. This trend was associated most parsimoniously with decreasing maximum annual temperature and 30-year average of available growing degree days, and increasing soil organic carbon content. These results have management implications: if not properly temporally implemented, grazing or herbicide applications that create open spaces for recruitment may increase the likelihood of Russian knapweed patch persistence through seed, and recently released galling biological control agents in North America may be less effective in northern latitudes where Russian knapweed spread by seed is less prevalent.
Designing three-level cluster randomized trials to assess treatment effect heterogeneity
Authors: Li Fan , Chen Xinyuan , Tian Zizhong , Esserman Denise , Heagerty Patrick J , Wang Rui 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
Cluster randomized trials often exhibit a three-level structure with participants nested in subclusters such as health care providers, and subclusters nested in clusters such as clinics. While the average treatment effect has been the primary focus in planning three-level randomized trials, interest is growing in understanding whether the treatment effect varies among prespecified patient subpopulations, such as those defined by demographics or baseline clinical characteristics. In this article, we derive novel analytical design formulas based on the asymptotic covariance matrix for powering confirmatory analyses of treatment effect heterogeneity in three-level trials, that are broadly applicable to the evaluation of cluster-level, subcluster-level, and participant-level effect modifiers and to designs where randomization can be carried out at any level. We characterize a nested exchangeable correlation structure for both the effect modifier and the outcome conditional on the effect modifier, and generate new insights from a study design perspective for conducting analyses of treatment effect heterogeneity based on a linear mixed analysis of covariance model. A simulation study is conducted to validate our new methods and two real-world trial examples are used for illustrations.