bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global microbiome survey of vineyard soils highlights the microbial dimension of viticultural terroirs
Authors: Gobbi Alex , Acedo Alberto , Imam Nabeel , Santini Rui G. , Ortiz-Álvarez Rüdiger , Ellegaard-Jensen Lea , Belda Ignacio , Hansen Lars H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe microbial biodiversity found in different vitivinicultural regions is an important determinant of wine terroir. It should be studied and preserved, although it may, in the future, be subjected to manipulation by precision agriculture and oenology. Here, we conducted a global survey of vineyards’ soil microbial communities. We analysed soil samples from 200 vineyards on four continents to establish the basis for the development of a vineyard soil microbiome’s map, representing microbial biogeographical patterns on a global scale. This study describes vineyard microbial communities worldwide and establishes links between vineyard locations and microbial biodiversity on different scales: between continents, countries, and between different regions within the same country. Climate data correlates with fungal alpha diversity but not with prokaryotes alpha diversity, while spatial distance, on a global and national scale, is the main variable explaining beta-diversity in fungal and prokaryotes communities. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria phyla, and Archaea genus Nitrososphaera dominate prokaryotic communities in soil samples while the overall fungal community is dominated by the genera Solicoccozyma, Mortierella and Alternaria. Finally, we used microbiome data to develop a predictive model based on random forest analyses to discriminate between microbial patterns and to predict the geographical source of the samples with reasonable precision.
Mineral-enriched biochar delivers enhanced nutrient recovery and carbon dioxide removal
Authors: Buss Wolfram , Wurzer Christian , Manning David A. C. , Rohling Eelco J. , Borevitz Justin , Mašek Ondřej 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiochar production via biomass pyrolysis with subsequent burial in soils provides a carbon dioxide removal technology that is ready for implementation, yet uptake requires acceleration; notably, through generation of cost reductions and co-benefits. Here we find that biomass enrichment (doping) with refined minerals, mineral by-products, or ground rocks reduces carbon loss during pyrolysis, lowering carbon dioxide removal costs by 17% to US$ 80–150 t−1 CO2, with 30% savings feasible at higher biomass costs. As a co-benefit, all three additives increase plant-available nutrient levels. Doping with potassium-bearing minerals can increase both potassium and phosphorus release. Mineral doping in biochar production therefore offers carbon dioxide removal at lower costs, while alleviating global phosphorus and potassium shortages. This makes it unique among carbon dioxide removal technologies.
Interaction of coronal mass ejections and the solar wind
Authors: Talpeanu D.-C. , Poedts S. , D’Huys E. , Mierla M. , Richardson I. G. 
Published: March 2022

Aims.Our goal is to thoroughly analyse the dynamics of single and multiple solar eruptions, as well as a stealth ejecta. The data were obtained through self-consistent numerical simulations performed in a previous study. We also assess the effect of a different background solar wind on the propagation of these ejecta to Earth.Methods.We calculated all the components of the forces contributing to the evolution of the numerically modelled consecutive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) obtained with the 2.5D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) module of the code MPI-AMRVAC. We analysed the thermal and magnetic pressure gradients and the magnetic tension dictating the formation of several flux ropes in different locations in the aftermath of the eruptions. These three components were tracked in the equatorial plane during the propagation of the CMEs to Earth. Their interaction with other CMEs and with the background solar wind was also studied.Results.We explain the formation of the stealth ejecta and the plasma blobs (or plasmoids) occurring in the aftermath of solar eruptions. We also address the faster eruption of a CME in one case with a different background wind, even when the same triggering boundary motions were applied, and attribute this to the slightly different magnetic configuration and the large neighbouring arcade. The thermal pressure gradient revealed a shock in front of these slow eruptions, formed during their propagation to 1 AU. The double-peaked magnetic pressure gradient indicates that the triggering method affects the structure of the CMEs and that a part of the adjacent streamer is ejected along with the CME.
Effect of light and stocking density on performance, breast muscle yield and potential damage caused by feather pecking in two strains of commercial Pekin ducks
Authors: Downing J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Context Minimal information is available as to the optimal stocking density and light intensity for best performance of commercial ducks. Aims To investigate the effects of stocking density and light intensity on commercial Pekin duck production. Methods Cherry Valley and Grimaud Freres Pekin ducks were housed at stocking densities of 4.4 (low), 5.2 (medium) and 6 (high) birds/m2 and from 8 to 41 days of age at 6 lux (low) and 45 lux (moderate) light intensities. On Days 14, 28, and 41 of age all ducks were individually weighed, and pen feed and water intakes recorded. On Day 41, one male and female from each pen was euthanised and breast muscle weight determined. At Weeks 3 and 4 all birds were individually examined, for extent of feather and skin damage. Key results In all weeks, the Grimaud Freres birds had higher liveweight than Cherry Valley birds. Only at Week 4, birds under low light had higher liveweight than those at moderate light intensity. At Week 4, birds at low densities had higher liveweight, while at Week 6 birds at low and medium stocking densities had higher liveweight than those at high stocking densities. At Week 4, the feed to gain ratio was poorer when birds were housed in moderate light intensity. The stocking density had no effect on the feed to gain ratio. Light and stocking density had no effect on any of the breast muscle measures. In Week 4, the birds housed at medium density had a higher feather and skin damage. At Week 3, more damage was directed to the wings than the thigh regions. There was a higher incidence of damage in some pens irrespective of treatments. Conclusions The medium stocking density supported performance equivalent to that at low density and better than at the high density. Ideally the density recommendation should be based on ‘weight density’ (kg/m2) and the current results indicate this was between 16.49 and 19.0 kg/m2. The birds performed similarly under both light intensities. Implications The suitable stocking density for efficient production is 16.5–19.0 kg/m2 and housing at 6 or 45 lux had no influence on performance. Best performance and breast muscle yield was from the Grimaud Freres strain.
Effects of phonological and talker familiarity on second language lexical development
Authors: Liu Jiang , Wiener Seth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious research has shown that second language (L2) learners of Mandarin learn new words more easily if the new word is homophonous with a word they already know (Liu and Wiener, 2020). That research involved word learning in which speech was produced by a single-talker with a specific pitch range. The present study examines whether the observed tonal homophone advantage is dependent on familiarity with the talker. Adult learners of Mandarin Chinese as an L2 were taught 20 new tonal words for three consecutive days. To manipulate phonological familiarity, 10 words had homophones already known to the learners and 10 words did not. To manipulate talker familiarity, participants were trained on a single talker but tested on 16 new talkers or trained and tested on 16 (multi)-talkers. Daily testing involved a 4-alternative-force-choice task. Both groups showed increased accuracy and faster response times on Day 2 compared to Day 1, but this learning was independent of homophone status or talker group. No other effects were found. These results suggest that the tonal homophone advantage in L2 word learning observed byLiu and Wiener (2020)may have been partially driven by an exceptionally high level of talker familiarity, since that study used a single speaker both for training and testing.
Modeling of fiber-coupled confocal and interferometric confocal distance sensors
Authors: Siebert Markus , Hagemeier Sebastian , Pahl Tobias , Serbes Hüseyin , Lehmann Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laser distance sensors are a widespread, fast and contactless approach for distance and surface topography measurements. Main characteristics of those sensors are given by resolution, measurement speed and sensor geometry. With decreasing sensor size, the alignment of the optical components in sensor setup becomes more challenging. The depth response of optical profilers is analyzed to obtain characteristic parameters and, thus, to value the alignment and the transfer behavior of those sensors. We present a novel miniaturized sensor setup comprising of confocal and interferometric confocal signals within one sensor in order to compare both principles simply by obscuring the reference arm by an absorber. Further, we introduce a theoretical signal modeling in order to analyze influences such as spatial coherence, Gaussian beam characteristics and tilted reflectors on depth response signals. In addition to this, we show that the coherent superposition significantly reduces the axial resolution due to the confocal effect in interferometric signals compared to simple confocal signals in measurement and simulation results. Finally, an appropriate fit function is presented, in order to figure out characteristic sensor parameters from the obtained depth response signal. In this context, a good agreement to simulated and measured signals is achieved.
A computational framework for modeling and simulating vibrational mode dynamics
Authors: Rohskopf Andrew , Li Ruiyang , Luo Tengfei , Henry Asegun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atomic vibrations influence a variety of phenomena in solids and molecules, ranging from thermal transport to chemical reactions. These vibrations can be decomposed into normal modes, often known as phonons, which are collective motions of atoms vibrating at certain frequencies; this provides a rigorous basis for understanding atomic motion and its effects on material phenomena, since phonons can be detected and excited experimentally. Unfortunately, traditional theories such as the phonon gas model do not allow for the general study of vibrational modes since they only apply to ideal crystals where modes have a wave-like characteristic. Traditional computational methods based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations allow for the study of phonons in more general systems with disorder, where the modes are less wave-like, but traditional methods do not simulate mode interactions and energy transfer between modes. Here we present, for the first time, a theory and massively parallel open-source software for modeling vibrational modes and simulating their interactions, or energy transfers, in large systems (>103 atoms) using MD. This is achieved by rewriting the atomic equations of motion in mode coordinates, from which analytical expressions for anharmonic mode coupling constants arise. Hamiltonian mechanics then provides a simple expression for calculating power transfer between modes. As a simple application of this theory, we perform MD simulations of phonon-interface scattering in a silicon–germanium superlattice and show the various pathways of energy transfer that occur. We also highlight that while many interaction pathways exist, only a tiny fraction of these pathways transfer significant amounts of energy, which is surprising. The approach allows for the prediction and simulation of mode/phonon interactions, thus unveiling the real-time dynamics of phonon behavior and energy transport.
Computational study of oxide stoichiometry and variability in the Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junction
Authors: Lapham Paul , Georgiev Vihar P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aluminium tunnel junctions are key components of a wide variety of electronic devices. These superconducting tunnel junctions, known as Josephson Junctions (JJ’s) are one of the main components of superconducting qubits, a favourite qubit technology in the race for working quantum computers. In this simulation study our JJ configurations are modelled as two aluminium electrodes which are separated by a thin layer of amorphous aluminium oxide. There is limited understanding of how the structure of the amorphous oxide barrier affects the performance and shortcomings of JJ systems. In this paper we present a computational study which combines molecular dynamics, atomistic semi-empirical methods (Density Functional Tight Binding) and non-equilibrium Green’s function to study the electronic structure and current flow of these junction devices. Our results suggest that the atomic nature of the amorphous barrier linked to aluminum-oxygen coordination sensitively affects the current–voltage (IV) characteristics, resistance and critical current. Oxide stoichiometry is an important parameter that can lead to variation in resistance and critical currents of several orders of magnitude. The simulations further illustrate the variability that arises due to small differences in atomic structure across amorphous barriers with the same stoichiometry, density and barrier length. Our results also confirm that the charge transport through the barrier is dominated by metallic conduction pathways.
Fluorescent sensitized irradiation sensing and recording hybrid quantum dot embedded polymer nanocomposites
Authors: S P Raju , Varma V Ramaraja , S N Chaitra , P Poornima , K Thirumalesh , Sanjeev Ganesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the preparation and characterisation studies of UV sensing films with a simple mathematical model for quantifying the lower UV irradiation duration/doses. To observe any appreciable changes in any properties of Poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) films with UV irradiation, it has to be treated for few hours/days together. However, the technique presented here is an ultrasensitive method in which, the quantum dots (QDs) reinforced PVA film has become sensitive to UV radiations even for few seconds of exposure. To achieve this, Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped CdTe QDs with superior fluorescence spectral properties grown in water medium were dispersed in PVA matrix to prepare QD-Polymer nanocomposites. Such fluorescence enriched films were stored in room temperature in ordinary environmental conditions for four years to check the degradability and viability. The stability of fluorescence and electrical properties of QDs inside PVA matrix was remarkable in this test period and were retained by the films even after such long duration. After that they were treated with UV radiation with the interval of few seconds to check the exposure recording ability of such films. The results are very promising in terms of sensitivity and the recording ability. Using the least square linear fit method a mathematical model was developed which would be useful in UV exposure sensing for smaller duration. This study also helps the concerned industries who would prepare film sensors for UV exposure quantification (like Litmus paper for pH sensing).
Exploring millicharged dark matter components from the shadows
Authors: Bhandari Lalit S. , Thalapillil Arun M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dark matter sectors with hidden interactions have been of much interest in recent years. These frameworks include models of millicharged particles as well as dark sector bound states, whose constituents have electromagnetic gauge interactions. These exotic, charged states could constitute a part of the total dark matter density. In this work, we explore in some detail the various effects, on the photon sphere and shadow of spherically symmetric black holes, due to dark matter plasmas furnished by such sectors. Estimating physically viable parameter spaces for the particle physics models and taking semi-realistic astrophysical scenarios that are amenable to theoretical analyses, we point out various modifications and characteristics that may be present. Many of these effects are unique and very distinct from analogous situations with conventional baryonic plasmas, or neutral perfect fluid dark matter surrounding black holes. While in many physically viable regions of the parameter space the effects on the near-horizon regions and black hole shadows are small, in many parts of the low particle mass regions the effects are significant, and potentially measurable by current and future telescopes. Such deviations, for instance, include characteristic changes in the photon sphere and black hole shadow radii, unique thresholds for the dark matter plasma dispersion where the photon sphere or black hole shadow vanishes, and where the dark matter plasma becomes opaque to electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, we point out that a non-observation of such deviations and characteristics, in future, could put constraints on interesting regions of the particle physics parameter space.
Two-parameter estimation with three-mode NOON state in a symmetric triple-well potential
Authors: Yao Fei , Du Yi-Mu , Xing Haijun , Fu Libin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize two-parameter estimation via Bose–Einstein condensates confined in a symmetric triple-well potential. The three-mode NOON state is prepared adiabatically as the initial state. The two parameters to be estimated are the phase differences between the wells. The sensitivity of this estimation scheme is studied by comparing quantum and classical Fisher information matrices. As a result, we find an optimal particle number measurement method. Moreover, the precision of this estimation scheme means that the Heisenberg scaling behaves under the optimal measurement.
Precise machine learning models for fragment production in projectile fragmentation reactions using Bayesian neural networks *
Authors: Ma Chun-Wang , Wei Xiao-Bao , Chen Xi-Xi , Peng Dan , Wang Yu-Ting , Pu Jie , Cheng Kai-Xuan , Guo Ya-Fei , Wei Hui-Ling 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Machine learning models are constructed to predict fragment production cross sections in projectile fragmentation (PF) reactions using Bayesian neural network (BNN) techniques. The massive learning for BNN models is based on 6393 fragments from 53 measured projectile fragmentation reactions. A direct BNN model and physical guiding BNN via FRACS parametrization (BNN + FRACS) model have been constructed to predict the fragment cross section in projectile fragmentation reactions. It is verified that the BNN and BNN + FRACS models can reproduce a wide range of fragment productions in PF reactions with incident energies from 40 MeV/u to 1 GeV/u, reaction systems with projectile nuclei from 40Ar to 208Pb, and various target nuclei. The high precision of the BNN and BNN + FRACS models makes them applicable for the low production rate of extremely rare isotopes in future PF reactions with large projectile nucleus asymmetry in the new generation of radioactive nuclear beam factories.
Structural, optical and antimicrobial properties of pure and Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Vikal Sagar , Gautam Yogendra K. , Ambedkar Anit K. , Gautam Durvesh , Singh Jyoti , Pratap Dharmendra , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Sanjay , Gupta Meenal , Singh Beer Pal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanostructures are synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Structural quality of the products is attested using X-ray diffraction, which confirms the hexagonal wurtzite structure of pure ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures. XRD further confirms the crystallite orientation along the c-axis, (101) plane. The field emission scanning electron microscope study reveals the change in shape of the synthesized ZnO particles from hexagonal nanoparticles to needle-shaped nanostructures for 3 wt% Ag-doped ZnO. The optical band gaps and lattice strain of nanostructures is increased significantly with the increase of doping concentration of Ag in ZnO nanostructure. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanostructures has been evaluated against the gram-positive human pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus via an agarose gel diffusion test. The maximum value of zone of inhibition (22 mm) is achieved for 3 wt% Ag-doped ZnO nanostructure and it clearly demonstrates the remarkable antibacterial activity.
Ecotourism governance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Forje Gadinga Walter , Awazi Nyong Princely , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ecotourism is gaining traction as a veritable approach to biodiversity conservation and livelihood sustenance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The success of this approach rests in part, on the governance architecture of most states in SSA. However, empirical evidence on this subject is fragmented. This shades possibilities to frame conceptual and methodological questions to advance ecotourism governance literature. This study undertakes a review of the literature on ecotourism governance in SSA, using the PROFOR governance assessment framework as analytical lens. Content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed to analyse 54 published empirical articles on ecotourism governance. The results indicated that studies conducted in Southern Africa (38%) and East Africa (30%) account for close to 70% of the literature on ecotourism governance in SSA. Participation was the most studied ecotourism governance principle (96%), while efficiency was the least (15%). Kruskal-Wallis test statistic showed no significant variation in the study of ecotourism governance principles in the different sub regions of SSA. Methodologically, most of the studies have either employed qualitative (50%) or quantitative (33%) approaches, with few studies employing mixed methods (17%). Future studies need to prioritize mixed-method approaches to study principles such as efficiency and equity in the analysis of ecotourism governance. Equally more empirical research studies should be undertaken in the West and Central Africa sub-regions in order to paint a better picture of the state of ecotourism governance across sub-Saharan Africa in general.