bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5.2. THE ACCOUNTANCE OF RISK WHILE CHOOSING DIFFERENT OPTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS REALIZATION
Authors: Петренева О.В. , Петренева Е.А. 
Published: February 2022

В статье обосновывается необходимость оценки и корректного учета уровня рискованности при сравнении различных альтернатив реализации строительных проектов. Рассматриваются методы идентификации рисков, учитывающие специфику строительных проектов, такие как построение дерева отказов и лабораторное исследование свойств строительных материалов. Предлагаются способы оценки различных альтернатив реализации проекта, позволяющие учитывать как основные аспекты их эффективности, так и различия в уровне рискованности доступных альтернатив. Разрабатывается алгоритм выбора оптимальной альтернативы реализации строительного проекта, учитывающий различия в основных аспектах их эффективности и в уровне рискованности.
The article justifies the necessity of valuation and taking into account the level of riskiness while comparing different option of construction project realization. The article considers the methods of risk identification, which take into account specific features of construction projects, such as a fault tree and laboratory research the quality of construction materials. The article offers the methods of construction projects’ valuation which allow taking into account not only different aspects of their effectiveness but also the level of their riskiness. The authors develop the algorithm of choosing the optimal alternative of the realization of construction projects, which takes into account the differences in the main aspects of alternatives’ effectiveness and the level of riskiness.
ASPECTS OF INTERNAL AUDIT IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNAL CONTROL IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Харисова Ф.И. , Ефимова О.С. 
Published: February 2022

В статье приведены современные подходы к определению термина «цифровая экономика», рассматриваются основные препятствия для цифровой трансформации компаний. Указаны выявленные аспекты цифровой экономики, влияющие на компанию в целом и внутренний аудит: операционная деятельность, кадровая система, взаимосвязи и решения с клиентами, технологическая система. Рассмотрены функции внутреннего аудита в новых цифровых условиях, принципы внедрения системы внутреннего контроля в систему информационной стратегии управления и развития компании
The article provides approaches to the definition of the term "digital economy", modern obstacles to the digital transformation of companies. The identified aspects of the "digital economy" that affect the company as a whole and internal audit are indicated: operational activities, personnel system, relationships and solutions with clients, technological system. The functions of audit in the new digital environment, the principles of introducing the internal control system into the system of information strategy for the management and development of the company are considered.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR GROUP EXPERT RISK ASSESSMENT OF A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Терелянский П.В. , Кузнецов С.Ю. 
Published: February 2022

Рассматривается задача создания методики качественной оценки рисков. Методика предполагает использование экспертных балльных оценок вероятности рисков и их разделение по категориям. Информационная технология включает предварительную оценку согласованности экспертных оценок и их корректировку. По каждому виду риска в соответствии с приоритетностью определяется вес и рассчитывается итоговая оценка. Полученные значения позволяют определить интегральный уровень риска проекта и критически важные направления контроля риск-менеджмента.
The problem of creating a methodology for qualitative risk assessment is considered. The methodology involves the use of expert point estimates of the probability of risks and their division into categories. Information technology includes a preliminary assessment of the consistency of expert assessments and their adjustment. For each type of risk, the "weight" is determined in accordance with the priority and the final score is calculated. The obtained values allow us to determine the integral risk level of the project and the critical areas of risk management control.
The Mass–Metallicity Relation at Cosmic Noon in Overdense Environments: First Results from the MAMMOTH–Grism HST Slitless Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Zihao , Cai Zheng , Shi Dong Dong , Fan Xiaohui , Zheng Xian Zhong , Bian Fuyan , Teplitz Harry I. , Alavi Anahita , Colbert James , Henry Alaina L. , Malkan Matthew A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The MAMMOTH–Grism slitless spectroscopic survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) cycle 28 medium program, which is obtaining 45 orbits of WFC3/IR grism spectroscopy in the density peak regions of three massive galaxy protoclusters at z = 2–3 discovered using the MAMMOTH technique. We introduce this survey by presenting the first measurement of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) at high redshift in overdense environments via grism spectroscopy. From the completed MAMMOTH–Grism observations in the field of the BOSS1244 protocluster at z = 2.24 ± 0.02, we secure a sample of 36 protocluster member galaxies at z ≈ 2.24, showing strong nebular emission lines ([O III], Hβ, and [O II]) in their G141 spectra. Using the multi-wavelength broadband deep imaging from HST and ground-based telescopes, we measure their stellar masses in the range of [109, 1010.4] M
⊙, instantaneous star formation rates (SFR) from 10 to 240 M
⊙ yr−1, and global gas-phase metallicities

[

1

3

,
1
]

of solar. Compared with similarly selected field-galaxy samples at the same redshift, our galaxies show, on average, increased SFRs by ∼0.06 dex and ∼0.18 dex at ∼1010.1
M
⊙ and ∼109.8
M
⊙, respectively. Using the stacked spectra of our sample galaxies, we derive the MZR in the BOSS1244 protocluster core as

12
+
log
(
O

/

H
)
=

0.136
±
0.018

×

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
+

7.082
±
0.175

, showing a significantly shallower slope than that in the field. This shallow MZR slope is likely caused by the combined effects of efficient recycling of feedback-driven winds and cold-mode gas accretion in protocluster environments. The former effect helps low-mass galaxies residing in overdensities retain their metal production, whereas the latter effect dilutes the metal content of high-mass galaxies, making them more metal-poor than their coeval field counterparts.
A Third-epoch Proper Motion Study of the Forward Shock in Kepler’s Supernova Remnant
Authors: Coffin Sadie C. , Williams Brian J. , Katsuda Satoru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present measurements of the expansion of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant (SNR) over three epochs of Chandra X-ray observations from 2000, 2006, and 2014. As the remnant of a historical supernova (observed in 1604 CE), Kepler’s SNR presents the rare opportunity to study the dynamical evolution of such an object in real time. Measurements of the asymmetry in the forward shock velocity can also provide insight into the nature of the explosion and density of the circumstellar material. By combining data from 2014 with previous epochs in 2000 and 2006, we can observe the proper motion of filaments along the outer rim of the SNR. Prior studies of Kepler’s SNR have shown proper motion differences up to a factor of 3 between the northern and southern regions around the remnant. With the longer time baseline we use here, we find results that are consistent with previous studies, but with smaller uncertainties. Additionally, by adding a third epoch of observations, we search for any systemic change in the velocity in the form of a deceleration of the blast wave, as was recently reported in Tycho’s SNR. We find little to no conclusive evidence of such deceleration, and conclude that Kepler’s SNR is encountering circumstellar material that is roughly constant in density, though substantially varied around the periphery.
[C ii] Map of the Molecular Ring and Arms of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 7331*
Authors: Sutter Jessica , Fadda Dario 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the [C ii] 157.7 μm map of galaxy NGC 7331 obtained with the Field-Imaging Far-Infrared Line Spectrometer on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). This map extends an existent Herschel/Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer observation of the central strip of the galaxy to encompass the entire molecular ring and much of the disk, including multiple spiral arms with intense far-IR emission. We also present Herschel archival data of the [N ii] 205 μm line, which covers a substantial part of the [C ii] SOFIA observations and allows us to estimate the neutral fraction of the [C ii] emission along the ring and disk of the galaxy. We find that the neutral fraction rises with the distance from the center. In addition, by tracing the azimuthal variation of the neutral fraction, we are able to see how our observing perspective affects this measurement. The high inclination of NGC 7331 allows us to glimpse the internal walls of the molecular ring. There, young bright stars emit UV radiation causing more [C ii] emission to be produced in the ionized gas. On the outer walls, opaque dust shrouds the rest of the ring, making the neutral medium the dominant source of [C ii] emission. Through spatial analysis comparing the [C ii] emission to tracers of gas heating, we are able to investigate how the photoelectric heating efficiency varies throughout NGC 7331 and extend global measurements of the [C ii] deficit to local environments. Since the origin of [C ii] emission has typically been studied in face-on galaxies, our results shed a new light on the interpretation of [C ii] emission, especially when studying distant galaxies with unknown inclination.
Hierarchical Inference of Binary Neutron Star Mass Distribution and Equation of State with Gravitational Waves
Authors: Golomb Jacob , Talbot Colm 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron star mergers provide valuable information about neutron star structure and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter. Numerous methods have been proposed to analyze the population of observed neutron stars, and previous work has demonstrated the necessity of jointly fitting the astrophysical distribution and the equation of state in order to accurately constrain the equation of state. In this work, we introduce a new framework to simultaneously infer the distribution of binary neutron star masses and the nuclear equation of state using Gaussian mixture model density estimates, which mitigates some of the limitations previously used methods suffer from. Using our method, we reproduce previous projections for the expected precision of our joint mass distribution and equation-of-state inference with tens of observations. We also show that mismodeling the equation of state can bias our inference of the neutron star mass distribution. While we focus on neutron star masses and matter effects, our method is widely applicable to population inference problems.
Cosmological Constraints on Nonflat Exponential f(R) Gravity
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Hsu Yan-Ting , Lu Jhih-Rong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We explore the viable f(R) gravity models in FLRW backgrounds with a free spatial curvature parameter Ω
K
. In our numerical calculation, we concentrate on the exponential f(R) model of

f
(
R
)
=
R
−
λ

R

ch

(
1
−
exp
(
−
R

/

R

ch

)
)

, where R
ch is the characteristic curvature scale, which is independent of Ω
K
, and λ corresponds to the model parameter, while R
ch
λ = 2Λ with Λ the cosmological constant. In particular, we study the evolutions of the dark energy density and equation of state for exponential f(R) gravity in open, flat, and closed universes, and compare with those for ΛCDM. From the current observational data, we find that

λ

−
1

=

0.42927

−
0.32927

+
0.39921

at 68% C.L. and

Ω

K

=
−

0.00050

−
0.00414

+
0.00420

at 95% C.L. in the exponential f(R) model. By using the Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and Deviance Information Criterion, we conclude that there is no strong preference between the exponential f(R) gravity and ΛCDM models in the nonflat universe.
Partitioning of Atmospheric O2 into High-pressure Ice in Ocean Worlds
Authors: Levi A. , Sasselov D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Planets with a few percent water by mass may have a high-pressure ice mantle separating the rocky interior from both the ocean and atmosphere. Here we examine whether the partitioning of O2 into high-pressure ice can constrain the atmospheric abundance of O2 produced by water photolysis in the atmosphere. We find that the partition coefficient of dissolved O2 between high-pressure ice and liquid water is about unity. We show that the solubility of O2 in high-pressure water ice yields an upper value for the atmospheric abundance of O2 that depends on the ocean surface temperature. The atmospheric pressure of O2 has a maximum of approximately 3000 bars. The latter drops to a few hundred bars as the surface temperature of the ocean approaches supercritical conditions.
Infrared Spectroscopy of the Nova V5588 Sagittarii During Secondary Outburst
Authors: Rudy Richard J. , Russell Ray W. , Sitko Michael L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
V5588 Sagittarii (Nova Sagittarii 2011 No. 2) was one of the rare novae that undergo outbursts after the initial explosion, and was extreme in that it did so six times. We present 0.8–5.1 μm spectroscopy acquired during the second of these so-called secondary maxima, when the nova was still near its peak brightness and when differences among emission line profiles were most pronounced. Our spectrum supplements and enlarges the wavelength coverage of the extensive observational data set presented by Munari et al. We highlight the differences between the emission line profiles of H i, He i, and Fe ii and point out differences between the narrow and broad line components of the H i lines. We also include identifications for a few weak, previously unobserved Fe ii features in the midwave-infrared.
Integration of vegetation classification with land cover mapping: lessons from regional mapping efforts in the Americas
Authors: Comer Patrick J. , Hak Jon C. , Dockter Daryn , Smith Jim 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Natural resource management and biodiversity conservation rely on inventories of vegetation that span multiple management or political jurisdictions. However, while remote sensing data and analytical tools have enabled production of maps at increasing spatial resolution and reliability, there are limited examples where national or continental-scaled maps are produced to represent vegetation at high thematic detail. We illustrate two examples that have bridged the gap between traditional land cover mapping and modern vegetation classification. Study area: Our two case studies include national (USA) and continental (North and South America) vegetation and land cover mapping. These studies span conditions from subpolar to tropical latitudes of the Americas. Methods: Both case studies used a supervised modeling approach with the International Vegetation Classification (IVC) to produce maps that provide for greater thematic detail. Georeferenced locations for these vegetation types are used by machine learning algorithms to train a predictive model and generate a distribution map. Results: The USALANDFIRE (Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project) case study illustrates how a history of vegetation-based classification and availability of key inputs can come together to generate standard map products covering more than 9.8 million km2 that are unsurpassed anywhere in the world in terms of spatial and thematic resolution. That being said, it also remains clear that mapping at the thematic resolution of the IVC Group and finer resolution require very large and spatially balanced inputs of georeferenced samples. Even with extensive prior data collection efforts, these remain a key limitation. The NatureServe effort for the Americas - encompassing 22% of the global land surface - demonstrates methods and outputs suitable for worldwide application at continental scales. Conclusions: Continued collection of input data used in the case studies could enable mapping at these spatial and thematic resolutions around the globe.
Abbreviations: CART = Classification and Regression Tree; CONUS = Conterminous United States; DSWE = Dynamic Surface Water Extent; EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency; FGDC = Federal Geographic Data Committee; IVC = International Vegetation Classification; LANDFIRE = Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project; LFRDB = LANDFIRE Reference Database; LiDAR = Light Detection and Ranging; NDVI = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NLCD = National Land Cover Database; USNVC = United States National Vegetation Classification; USA = United States of America; WWF = World Wildlife Fund or Worldwide Fund for Nature.
PROMIS Provides a Broader Overview of Health-related Quality of Life Than the ESSPRI in Evaluation of Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: DiRenzo Dana D. , Robinson Susan , Bingham Clifton O. , Baer Alan N. , Grader-Beck Thomas 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveSjögren syndrome (SS) has a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We sought to evaluate how the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) domains in SS may supplement the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI).MethodsA cross-sectional evaluation was performed on consecutive adult patients during visits to an SS clinic between March 2018 and February 2020. Each patient completed PROMIS short forms related to HRQOL and the ESSPRI, and had a clinical assessment. Patients were either classified as SS by 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR criteria, or as “sicca not otherwise specified (NOS)” and used as a comparison group. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate predictors of PROMIS fatigue (-F), pain interference (-PI), and ability to participate in social roles and activities (-APS).ResultsTwo hundred twenty-seven patients with SS and 85 with sicca NOS were included and did not differ in ESSPRI domains; 26% of the SS and 20% of the sicca NOS group had concurrent autoimmune disease. In SS, PROMIS-PI, PROMIS-F, and PROMIS physical function were at least one-half SD worse than US population normative values. PROMIS-PI (r = 0.73) and PROMIS-F (r = 0.80) were highly correlated with ESSPRI pain and fatigue subdomains. Fatigue and pain interference, but not dryness or mood disturbance, were the strongest predictors of social participation in multivariable analysis.ConclusionIn our SS cohort, PROMIS instruments identified a high disease burden of pain interference, fatigue, and physical function. PROMIS-F strongly predicted PROMIS-APS. PROMIS-PI and PROMIS-F scores correlated highly with their respective ESSPRI domains. PROMIS instruments should be considered to identify relevant HRQOL patterns in SS.
Impaired Fibrinolysis Is Linked With Digital Vasculopathy and Onset of New Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Colic Jelena , Pruner Iva , Damjanov Nemanja , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Sefik-Bukilica Mirjana , Antovic Aleksandra 
Published: February 2022

Objective.To assess thrombin generation, fibrin formation, and structure together with the fibrinolytic status in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in relation to the occurrence of digital ulcers (DUs) during the course of disease.Methods.We studied variables of endothelial dysfunction, thrombin generation, overall hemostatic potential, and fibrin clot turbidity in plasma from 58 patients with SSc (39 with DU history and 19 DU-naïve) and 46 matched healthy controls (HCs). Fibrin structure was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, 39 patients with a history of DUs were followed for 1.5 years and the predictive value of all investigated markers for new DU onset was explored.Results.Significantly enhanced endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and prolonged clot lysis time (CLT) were found in patients with DUs compared to HCs. CLT was prolonged in patients with DUs compared to those without, showing good validity in identifying DUs with an area under the curve of 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.8). The levels of ETP and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were independently associated with CLT. Over the follow-up period, 20 patients developed new DUs. CLT was prolonged (P < 0.001) in patients with new DU episodes, especially those with recurrent DUs. Regression analysis showed that the Raynaud phenomenon visual analog scale and CLT were predictors of new DUs (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.1 and OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, respectively). SEM confirmed denser fibrin clots in patients with new DUs.Conclusion.Our results suggest that impaired fibrinolysis might have an emerging role in underlying digital vasculopathy and its progression in SSc.
Physician- and Patient-reported Effectiveness Are Similar for Tofacitinib and TNFi in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From a Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Movahedi Mohammad , Cesta Angela , Li Xiyuing , Keystone Edward C. , Bombardier Claire ,   the OBRI Investigators
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTofacitinib (TOF) is an oral, small-molecule drug used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment and is one of several alternative treatments to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). We evaluated physician- and patient-reported effectiveness of TNFi compared to TOF, using real-world data from the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative (OBRI).MethodsPatients enrolled in the OBRI initiating TOF or TNFi between 2014 and 2019 were included. Patients were required to have physician- and patient-reported effectiveness outcome data, including Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and RA Disease Activity Index (RADAI), available at treatment initiation and 6 (± 2) months later. To deal with confounding by indication, we estimated propensity scores (PS) for covariates.ResultsFour hundred nineteen patients were included. Of those, 226 initiated a TNFi and 193 TOF, and had a mean (SD) disease duration of 8.0 (8.7) and 12.6 (9.6) years, respectively. In addition, the TNFi group was less likely to have prior biologic use (21.7%) compared to the TOF group (67.9%). The proportion of patients in CDAI low disease activity (LDA)/remission (REM) at 6 months was 36.7% and 33.2% in the TNFi and TOF groups, respectively. The generalized linear mixed models adjusting for PS quantile showed that there was no significant difference in CDAI LDA/REM (odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.51–1.43) and RADAI coefficient (OR 0.48, 95% CI –0.18 to 1.14) between the 2 groups (ref: TOF).ConclusionIn patients with RA, physician- and patient-reported effectiveness are similar in the TNFi and TOF groups 6 months after treatment.
Le rapport magique à l’Intelligence Artificielle, ou comment vivre avec l’aliénation technique
Authors: Reigeluth Tyler 
Published: February 2022

Cette contribution considère le thème de l’aliénation technique dans la philosophique politique depuis l’enjeu renouvelé de l’Intelligence Artificielle. Dans un premier temps, il s’agit de proposer une clarifi­cation conceptuelle sur ce qu’il faut entendre par « aliénation tech­nique » et pourquoi celle-ci semble insister autant comme leitmotiv de la pensée politique. Il s’agit notamment de suivre une perspective réaliste à partir de laquelle l’aliénation technique serait à la fois une condition et une limite indépassable et constitutive de nos processus de subjectivation. Ensuite, il s’agit de problématiser la question du rapport magique à la technique en montrant que la modernité, plutôt que d’avoir chassé celui-ci, l’a en réalité refoulé dans une « pénombre psychique » où les comportements humains et machiniques s’imitent et se troublent. Enfin, j’esquisse comment le paradigme ludique offre une heuristique pour repenser un rapport magique à la technique qui serait désindexé du régime normatif du travail et permettrait d’envi­sager une forme d’aliénation plus vivable.