bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reworking of Yangtze crust into the mantle lithosphere of the North China Craton along the Dabie–East Qinling Orogen: Evidence from the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Wang Yifan , Cawood Peter A. , Dong Yunpeng , Xin Chenghui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMineral chemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology, and elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopic data for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the Dabie and East Qinling orogens of China constrain the reworking history of the Yangtze crustal materials in the North China lithosphere. These data provide new insights into the recycling of the deepsubducted crustal materials into the mantle and the transformation process from continental subduction to collision. Our data show that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks are characterized by shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, and trachyte. They synchronously erupted at ca. 135–120 Ma, and have zircon in situ εHf(t) values ranging from −29.0 to −17.2, and δ18O values from 4.89‰ to 6.84‰. These samples share similar “crust-like” geochemical signatures, whole-rock enrichment in the large-ion lithophile elements, depletion in high field strength elements (Nb/La = 0.12–0.38), highly enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, as well as (206Pb/204Pb)i = 15.97–17.59, (207Pb/204Pb)i = 15.33–15.54, and (208Pb/204Pb)i = 36.87–38.59. The εNd(t) values range from −24.4 to −15.6, −21.8 to −13.1, and −16.8 to −10.9 for the eastern and western North Huaiyang belts of the Dabie Orogen and the East Qinling Orogen, respectively. Such geochemical similarities suggest that the northward deep-subduction of Yangtze crustal materials have been reworked into the North China Craton enriched lithospheric mantle. The spatial pattern of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks suggests that the Yangtze subduction extended northward beyond the southern margin of the North China Craton and ran into its interior. The surface and deep lithospheric boundaries are decoupled between the Yangtze Block and North China Craton. The Early Cretaceous igneous rocks in the Dabie–East Qinling Orogen were induced in response to the post-collisional unrooting of the Triassic over-thickened lithosphere coupling.
New insights into the source of gold in the Youjiang basin, SW China
Authors: Chen Jun , Du Li-Juan , Yang Rui-Dong , Zhou Mei-Fu , Lai Chun-Kit , Huang Zhi-Long 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMantle plume rich in gold is considered to be important for the formation of giant epigenetic gold deposits. The Youjiang basin, SW China, is the world’s second largest Carlin-type gold province, but the ultimate source of its gold remains enigmatic. In this study, we report that the Middle–Late Permian basaltic rocks in the basin are rich in native gold grains. These gold grains are scattered in the interstices of pyrite and marcasite and in the amorphous silica cavities. Mineralogy and S-Pb isotope geochemistry of the auriferous sulfides suggest that the gold was largely derived from the gold-rich Late Permian (ca. 260 Ma) Emeishan plume and was released to a near-surface volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) metallogenic system, where it accumulated. The native gold grains from the basalts may have been inherited by the younger (ca. 140 Ma) Carlin-type ores in the Youjiang basin, which are indicative of gold pre-enrichment in the basin. Our study highlights that golden plume upwelling could carry abundant gold into the upper crust, even into shallow-level metallogenic systems, and thus provides an alternative view on the source of gold in the Youjiang basin.
Mode of continental breakup of marginal seas
Authors: Mohn G. , Ringenbach J.C. , Nirrengarten M. , Lei C. , McCarthy A. , Tugend J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigated the continent-ocean transition (COT) structure of three main marginal seas in the western Pacific Ocean (South China Sea, Coral Sea, and Woodlark Basin) to determine the tectono-magmatic processes acting during continental breakup. The COT formed from the activity of a low-angle normal fault system localizing deformation during final rifting. Extension was contemporaneous with magmatic activity, including volcanic edifices, dikes, and sills in the distalmost parts of these basins. The COT shows a sharp juxtaposition in space and time of continental crust against igneous oceanic crust, and its overall structure differs from that of magma-poor or magma-rich passive-margin archetypes. We propose that this mode of breakup is characteristic of marginal seas due to the high extension rates imposed by kinematic forces of nearby subduction zones. Revealed in the context of marginal seas, this mode of breakup and the resulting COT structures highlight the underestimated diversity of continental breakup mechanisms.
Sleep patterns and intraindividual sleep variability in mothers and fathers at 6 months postpartum: a population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Christopher , Burdayron Rebecca , Laganière Christine , Dubois-Comtois Karine , Béliveau Marie-Julie , Pennestri Marie-Helene 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesGiven that postpartum sleep is an important family process, further investigations including both mothers and fathers are necessary. The present study aimed to describe and compare sleep patterns and intraindividual night-to-night variability in mothers and fathers at 6 months postpartum using subjective and objective sleep measures.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGeneral community-based study in Montreal, QC, Canada.ParticipantsThirty-three couples (mothers and fathers) with no self-reported history of medical and mental health conditions participated in this study.ResultsParental sleep was measured across 10 consecutive nights using both a daily sleep diary and actigraphy. Results demonstrated that mothers’ subjective and objective sleep was more fragmented compared with fathers (shorter longest consecutive sleep duration and more nocturnal awakenings; p<0.001). While mothers and fathers did not differ in their self-reported nocturnal sleep duration (p>0.05), actigraphy indicated that mothers obtained significantly longer nocturnal sleep duration (448.07 min±36.49 min) than fathers (400.96 min±45.42 min; p<0.001). Intraindividual sleep variability was revealed by relatively high coefficients of variation for parents across both subjective and objective indices related to sleep fragmentation (between 0.25 and 1.32). Actigraphy also demonstrated variability by mothers sleeping 6 hours consecutively on less than 3 nights, 27.27% (±22.81), and fathers on less than 6 nights, 57.27% (±24.53), out of 10. Associations were also found between parental sleep and family factors, such as age and infant sleep location (p<0.05).ConclusionsThese findings advance our knowledge of how sleep unfolds within the family system beyond the early postpartum weeks and/or months. Given the link between disturbed sleep and family functioning, the current research accentuates the importance of examining postpartum sleep patterns and variability in parents.
Effectiveness of exercise and physical activity interventions to improve long-term patient-relevant cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes in people living with mild cognitive impairment: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dieckelmann Mirjam , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Ana Isabel , Banzer Winfried , Berghold Andrea , Jeitler Klaus , Pantel Johannes , Schall Arthur , Tesky Valentina A , Siebenhofer Andrea 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical syndrome characterised by persistent cognitive deficits that do not yet fulfil the criteria of dementia. Delaying the onset of dementia using secondary preventive measures such as physical activity and exercise can be a safe way of reducing the risk of further cognitive decline and maintaining independence and improving quality of life. The aim is to systematically review the literature to assess the effectiveness of physical activity and exercise interventions to improve long-term patient-relevant cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes in people living with MCI, including meta-analyses if applicable.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search five electronic databases from 1995 onward to identify trials reporting on the effectiveness of physical activity and exercise interventions to improve long-term (12+ months) patient-relevant cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes in adults (50+ years) with MCI. Screening procedures, selection of eligible full-texts, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be performed in dual-review mode. Additionally, the reporting quality of the exercise interventions will be assessed using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template. A quantitative synthesis will only be conducted if studies are homogeneous enough for effect sizes to be pooled. Where quantitative analysis is not applicable, data will be represented in a tabular form and synthesised narratively. People living with MCI will be involved in defining outcome measures most relevant to them in order to assess in how far randomised controlled trials report endpoints that matter to those concerned.Ethics and disseminationResults will be disseminated to both scientific and lay audiences by creating a patient-friendly video abstract. This work will inform professionals in primary care about the effectiveness of physical activity and exercise interventions and support them to make evidence-based exercise recommendations for the secondary prevention of dementia in people living with MCI. No ethical approval required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021287166.
Short-term and long-term impacts of COVID-19 on economic vulnerability: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)
Authors: Williamson Anne E , Tydeman Florence , Miners Alec , Pyper Kate , Martineau Adrian R 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo determine whether COVID-19 has a significant impact on adequacy of household income to meet basic needs (primary outcome) and work absence due to sickness (secondary outcome), both at the onset of illness (short term) and subsequently (long term).DesignMultilevel mixed regression analysis of self-reported data from monthly online questionnaires, completed 1 May 2020 to 28 October 2021, adjusting for baseline characteristics including age, sex, socioeconomic status and self-rated health.Setting and participantsParticipants (n=16 910) were UK residents aged 16 years or over participating in a national longitudinal study of COVID-19 (COVIDENCE UK).ResultsIncident COVID-19 was independently associated with increased odds of participants reporting household income as being inadequate to meet their basic needs in the short term (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.39, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.73) though this did not persist in the long term (aOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.16). Exploratory analysis revealed a stronger short-term association among those who reported long COVID, defined as the presence of symptoms lasting more than 4 weeks after disease onset, than those reporting COVID-19 without long COVID (p for trend 0.002). Incident COVID-19 associated with increased odds of reporting sickness absence from work in the long term (aOR 4.73, 95% CI 2.47 to 9.06) but not in the short term (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 0.52 to 3.49).ConclusionsWe demonstrate an independent association between COVID-19 and increased risk of economic vulnerability among COVIDENCE participants, measured by both household income sufficiency and sickness absence from work. Taking these findings together with pre-existing research showing that socioeconomic disadvantage increases the risk of developing COVID-19, this may suggest a ‘vicious cycle’ of impaired health and poor economic outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT04330599.
Clustering-based COPD subtypes have distinct longitudinal outcomes and multi-omics biomarkers
Authors: Gregory Andrew , Xu Zhonghui , Pratte Katherine , Lee Sool , Liu Congjian , Chase Robert , Yun Jeong , Saferali Aabida , Hersh Craig P , Bowler Russell , Silverman Edwin , Castaldi Peter J , Boueiz Adel 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can progress across several domains, complicating the identification of the determinants of disease progression. In our previous work, we applied k-means clustering to spirometric and chest radiological measures to identify four COPD-related subtypes: ‘relatively resistant smokers (RRS)’, ‘mild upper lobe-predominant emphysema (ULE)’, ‘airway-predominant disease (AD)’ and ‘severe emphysema (SE)’. In the current study, we examined the associations of these subtypes to longitudinal COPD-related health measures as well as blood transcriptomic and plasma proteomic biomarkers.MethodsWe included 8266 non-Hispanic white and African-American smokers from the COPDGene study. We used linear regression to investigate cluster associations to 5-year prospective changes in spirometric and radiological measures and to gene expression and protein levels. We used Cox-proportional hazard test to test for cluster associations to prospective exacerbations, comorbidities and mortality.ResultsThe RRS, ULE, AD and SE clusters represented 39%, 15%, 26% and 20% of the studied cohort at baseline, respectively. The SE cluster had the greatest 5-year FEV1(forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and emphysema progression, and the highest risks of exacerbations, cardiovascular disease and mortality. The AD cluster had the highest diabetes risk. After adjustments, only the SE cluster had an elevated respiratory mortality risk, while the ULE, AD and SE clusters had elevated all-cause mortality risks. These clusters also demonstrated differential protein and gene expression biomarker associations, mostly related to inflammatory and immune processes.ConclusionCOPD k-means subtypes demonstrate varying rates of disease progression, prospective comorbidities, mortality and associations to transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers. These findings emphasise the clinical and biological relevance of these subtypes, which call for more study for translation into clinical practice.Trail registration numberNCT00608764.
EP11 The impact of COVID-19 on emergency medical service led out of hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: a qualitative study
Authors: Coppola Alison , Kirby Kim , Osborne Ria , Black Sarah 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundFollowing the emergence of COVID-19, there have been local and national changes in the way emergency medical service staff respond to and treat patients in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The views of emergency medical service staff on the impacts of COVID-19 on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation have not previously been explored. This study aimed to explore the views of emergency medical service staff on the impacts of COVID-19 on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological enquiry was used to explore the views of emergency medical service staff. A purposive sample of n=20 participants of various clinical grades was selected from National Health Service emergency medical service providers in the UK. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were found; service pressures; decision-making and moral injury. The impacts varied according to clinical grade, location and guidelines.COVID-19 reduced resources, availability of staff and in-hospital capacity. Change fatigue was found due to the continuous updates of clinical guidelines. There was a disconnect between guidelines and the clinical practice of staff. Staff generally felt supported to make best interest ethical decisions when resuscitation was ineffective. In certain patient groups, staff increased their risk of transmission, compromising recommended levels of personal protective equipment to improve communication and reduce delays to care. The emotional impacts of prolonged and frequent exposure to patient death were apparent.ConclusionThis study found positive outcomes, but also negative impacts important to inform EMS systems. COVID-19 created delays to resuscitation which were multifaceted. Staff developed new ways of working to overcome the barriers of personal protective equipment. There was little impact on resuscitation procedures. Emergency medical service providers should consider how to limit organisational change and better support the emotional responses of staff.
PP13 A service evaluation exploring the factors paramedics consider when selecting a conveyance destination for survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Zorab Ollie , Kirby Kim , Griggs Matthew 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundNational guidance suggests that adult survivors of medical out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) should be considered for direct transport to a specialist centre. Much of the research that informs this recommendation originates from urban environments where patients achieve rapid access to hospital. Little evidence could be found describing the decision-making profile and experiences of paramedics caring for OHCA patients and how conveyance destinations are currently selected.MethodsQualitative inquiry was used to describe the experiences of paramedics caring for OHCA patients and to determine the factors which constrain or facilitate the direct conveyance to a specialist centre. Data was gathered from two socially distanced focus groups lead by a facilitator using a pre-determined topic guide. Nine paramedics took part in this service evaluation from a single regional UK ambulance service. Focus group conversations were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis.ResultsFactors considered by participants could be broadly categorised under five primary themes; available guidance, hospital features, non-technical factors (e.g. dealing with conflict), patient condition and clinical skills. Factors including proximity to hospital, access to specialist services and the availability of pre-hospital enhanced care were identified which resonated with existing literature. Additional issues including managing resistance from other healthcare professionals, decision making based on experience and a reliance on local guidance emerged from the project and were felt to be unexpected.ConclusionParamedics consider a range of factors when selecting a conveyance destination for survivors of medical OHCA, including the hospital’s distance from scene and access to specialist services. The patient’s stability and availability of enhanced care, in particular to manage agitation are also considered. Paramedics predominantly use local Trust guidance, rely on familiarity, or previous experience to help support their decision making and may need to overcome conflict from hospital colleagues to select an appropriate conveyance destination.
PP14 A step toward enhanced EMS telephone triage for chest pain: a Delphi study to define life-threatening conditions that must be identified
Authors: Alotaibi Ahmed , Body Richard , Carley Simon , Pennington Elspeth 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundImproving telephone triage for patients with chest pain has been identified as a national research priority. However, there is a lack of strong evidence to define the life-threatening conditions (LTCs) that telephone triage ought to identify. Therefore, we aimed to build consensus for the LTCs associated with chest pain that ought to be identified during telephone triage for emergency calls.MethodsWe conducted a Delphi study in three rounds. Twenty experts in pre-hospital care and emergency medicine experience from the UK were invited to participate. In round I, experts were asked to list all LTCs that would require priority 1, 2, and 4 ambulance responses. Round II was a ranking evaluation, and round III was a consensus round. Consensus level was predefined at ≥ 70%.ResultsA total of 15 participants responded to round one and 10 to rounds two and three. Of 185 conditions initially identified by the experts, 26 reached consensus in the final round. Ten conditions met consensus for requiring priority 1 response: oesophageal perforation/rupture; ST elevation myocardial infarction; non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with clinical compromise (defined, also by consensus, as oxygen saturation <90%, heart rate <40/minute or systolic blood pressure <90mmHg); acute heart failure; cardiac tamponade; life-threatening asthma; cardiac arrest; tension pneumothorax and massive pulmonary embolism. An additional six conditions met consensus for priority 2 response, and three for priority 4 response.ConclusionUsing expert consensus, we have defined the LTCs that may present with chest pain, which ought to receive a high-priority ambulance response. This list of conditions can now form a composite primary outcome for future studies to derive and validate clinical prediction models that will optimise telephone triage for patients with a primary complaint of chest pain.
PP15 Research priorities for prehospital care of older patients with injuries: scoping review
Authors: Harthi Naif , Goodacre Steve , Sampson Fiona C , Alharbi Rayan 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe use of ambulance services by older patients with injuries increases within the impacts of ageing-related changes leading to adverse patient outcomes. There is increasing recognition of the importance of prehospital trauma care for older patients, but little systematic research to guide practice. We aimed to review the published evidence on prehospital trauma care for older patients, determine the scope of existing research and identify research gaps in the literature.MethodsA systematic scoping review guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A systematic search was conducted of Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane library databases to identify articles published between (2001-2021) years. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied independently by two reviewers. Data were extracted, charted and summarised from eligible articles.Results65 studies were identified and reviewed, and 25 included. Five categories were identified: ‘field triage, ‘ageing impacts’, ‘decision-making’, ‘paramedic’ awareness’ and ‘paramedic’s behaviour’. Undertriage & overtriage (sensitivity & specificity) were commonly cited as poorly investigated field-triage subthemes. Ageing-related physiologic changes, comorbidities and polypharmacy were the most widely researched. Inaccurate decision-making and poor early identification of major injuries were identified as potentially influencing patient outcomes. More research is required into paramedic knowledge of geriatric care & ageing changes and the potential impact of paramedic care.ConclusionThis is the first study reviewing the published evidence on prehospital trauma care for older patients and identifying research priorities for future research. This review has identified the prehospital triage for older trauma victims and studies of paramedic knowledge of older trauma care as key priorities. Investigating and understanding these can improve providing prehospital care of the older patient with injuries for positive patient outcomes.