bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sur la notion de guerre totale
Authors: Ponticelli Nathanaël 
Published: March 2022

La guerre totale est une notion liée au niveau de violence employé, mais recoupe également de nombreux autres concepts. N. Ponticelli explore cette notion à travers une série d’oppositions conceptuelles visant à en éclairer les caractéristiques : buts limités contre buts illimités, moyens limités contre moyens illimités, effacement de la distinction paix-guerre et de la distinction civils-militaires. Le professeur Widemann souligne pour sa part que, dans la pratique, la guerre reste limitée par de nombreux facteurs, maté­riels et immatériels. La guerre totale est ainsi un modèle théorique intéressant pour l’étude de la guerre, mais qui trouve ses limites quand on cherche à en faire un thème historique, interprétatif ou prospectif.
La maîtrise de la violence en question
Authors: Blachon Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

« Gagner les cœurs et les esprits » : le mot d’ordre a été répété depuis des décennies dans la culture militaire occidentale et a conduit à l’illusion d’un usage ultra-minimaliste de la violence. Nos armées doivent bien sûr maîtriser le niveau de violence qu’elles déploient, mais notre hypersensi­bilité en la matière peut pousser l’ennemi à s’enhardir, et par conséquent mettre nos soldats en danger. Pour conjurer ce risque, les décideurs politiques et l’opinion publique devraient reconnaître aux militaires une plus grande liberté d’appréciation du niveau de violence à mette en œuvre dans chaque circonstance spécifique.
Le commandement militaire au défi de la technologie
Authors: Sauget Damien 
Published: March 2022

Malgré la méfiance initiale du commandement militaire, la télégraphie sans fil joua un rôle crucial durant les deux guerres mondiales : l’arme des transmissions devint alors un outil essentiel pour le renseignement et le commandement. Elle présente en cela des enjeux communs avec l’intelligence artificielle (IA), comme la formation du personnel militaire, l’application militaire d’outils civils, l’acceptation de nouvelles technologies de commandement ou encore les bouleversements tactiques et stratégiques qu’elles induisent. Ce parallèle historique ne prétend pas définir la parfaite intégration de l’IA sur les champs de bataille futurs, mais proposer des pistes de réflexion pour l’amélioration du commandement.
La technologie au prisme des opérations
Authors: Sainte-Claire Deville Arnaud 
Published: March 2022

L’emploi de la violence sur le champ de bataille fait appel à la technologie. Les effets physiques et psychologiques des armes nouvelles doivent être connus par le chef, afin qu’il intègre dans sa réflexion et dans ses choix leurs conséquences potentielles. Parmi les défis à relever sur les champs de bataille du xxi e siècle, nous devons mesurer la violence des nouvelles armes, améliorer la précision des frappes, dissuader l’adversaire de nous attaquer. Les nouvelles technologies semblent pouvoir lever le brouillard de la guerre grâce à l’analyse de données et à la prolifération des capteurs. Le cyberespace permet d’accéder avec facilité à la sphère informationnelle où toute forme de violence anonyme est rendue possible. Le facteur humain, inhérent aux combats sur terre, en mer, dans les airs et dans une moindre mesure dans le cyberespace, devrait cependant maintenir un voile ténébreux sur les théâtres d’opération. Les derniers conflits l’ont mis en exergue, l’avan­tage technologique et la meilleure connaissance du champ de bataille ne sont pas une panacée pour la victoire ; la volonté humaine y gardera sa part.
Les pandémies à travers les âges :analyse et enseignements
Authors: Leray Geoffroy , La Combe Paul 
Published: March 2022

La maladie et les armées se fréquentent depuis toujours ; une bonne hygiène s’est souvent révélée un facteur de supériorité opérationnelle. Dans la société civile, en revanche, la maladie a longtemps été perçue comme une fatalité permanente face à laquelle une certaine résilience existe tant que les phénomènes conservent une forme connue. À l’inverse, les épidémies sont très déstabilisantes et parfois mêmes dévastatrices, surtout quand d’autres facteurs de fragilité politique et économique, s’y conjuguent. On cherche alors des boucs émissaires, à commencer par le corps médical et les politiques. Il semble que le degré de centralisation de l’État, les attentes de la population vis-à-vis des médecins et politiques, enfin la situation économique et morale constituent des facteurs clés dans les réactions des sociétés aux épidémies.
L’œuvre du temps
Authors: Bantigny Ludivine 
Published: March 2022

C’est un parcours sur les sentiers du temps que ce livre propose, d’une plume vive et engagée. À la rencontre de quelques spectres, des fragments d’un passé personnel, intime parfois même, s’imbriquent dans le récit historien taraudé de questions. Quel est le rapport au temps selon les sociétés ? Quels liens l’histoire peut-elle nouer avec la psychanalyse ? L’écriture de l’histoire peut-elle être neutre – et doit-elle l’être ? Quelle part y occupent les émotions et l’intensité des sensibilités ? Ces pages vagabondent aussi parmi des romans, pour agripper en eux la matière du temps, robuste, charnelle, étourdissante. Les morts reviennent ici à la vie : car l’histoire est peuplée de fantômes qui viennent nous visiter sans toujours nous hanter. L’ouvrage part à la recherche d’un temps ravivé où surgit l’intensité historique celle de l’événement en particulier. C’est l’occasion d’explorer les rapports de générations, leurs conflits et plus encore leurs solidarités, dans une écriture au présent, où l’on pense possible d’abolir l’imparfait : les temps grammaticaux expriment tant de choses sur nos sociétés, leurs conceptions de l’avenir comme celles du passé. Le livre s’aventure pour finir sur quelques chemins d’espoir ouvrant sur d’autres temps, des futurs imaginés mais non pas imaginaires pour autant : afin que vienne enfin un temps dont on s’éprenne.
L’exercice de la pensée
Authors: Fontana Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

Composé d’une autobiographie intellectuelle rédigée en 1993 comme mémoire d’habilitation et d’un choix d’articles sur les rapports entre littérature et politique, cet ouvrage témoigne du parcours singulier d’un intellectuel entre la France et l’Italie. Il permet également de retracer les itinéraires contrastés d’une génération qui, au cours des années 1960, à un moment où les barrières traditionnelles entre les disciplines étaient en train de céder, avait dû construire ses propres parcours en dehors des écoles, à l’aide, ou à côté, de nouveaux maîtres. Alessandro Fontana bouscule ainsi les interprétations par catégories et repère ce qui fait échapper les auteurs à l’histoire de la littérature ou de la philosophie, pour mieux envisager ce qu’ils ont de présent, ou d’inaccompli, voire d’énigmatique. Au cœur de son questionnement figure une réflexion sur le statut du sujet à l’âge moderne et sur le passage de l’époque du « salut de l’âme » à celle du « salut de l’État ».
Site-specific dermoscopic features of lip lentigines, distinctive from those of facial lentigines
Authors: Lin Ming-Chieh , Chuang Hung-Yi , Lin Sheng-Yiao , Ke Chiao-Li Khale , Cheng Shih-Tsung 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Lip lentigines are benign pigmentations often raising concerns to physicians and patients for fear of malignancy. Specific dermoscopic patterns of lip (mucosal) lentigines have not been clearly defined in the literature when compared to common facial (nonmucosal) lentigines.

Objectives:
This study aimed to define key dermoscopic features of lip lentigines to help diagnose these benign lesions more efficiently by calculating the specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of dermoscopic patterns in lip and nonlip facial lentigines.

Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted at a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Dermoscopic images of 12 patients with lip lentigines and seven patients with 12 facial nonlip lentigines were inspected. Pattern recognition was performed via blind review by three clinicians. Dermoscopic images were assessed side by side with 12 published dermoscopic patterns of pigmented lesions, to see whether the patterns were presented.

Results:
Four dermoscopic patterns (hyphal, overlapping vessels, parallel lines, and fish-scale-like) showed very high specificity and PPV (all 100%) in lip lentigines when compared to facial nonlip lentigines. The sensitivity of these four patterns was 83%, 83%, 67%, and 58% and their NPV was 86%, 86%, 75%, and 71%, accordingly. Interrater consistency analysis from pattern recognition showed good consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.814) among reviewers.

Conclusion:
Hyphal, overlapping vessels, parallel lines, and fish-scale-like patterns are specific and sensitive dermoscopic patterns of lip lentigines when compared to facial nonlip lentigines. This knowledge of site-specific dermoscopic patterns could be used in characterizing benign and malignant pigmented lesions of the lip in future studies.
Short term outcome of patients attending a renal-immunology clinic in central India
Authors: Atlani M , Kapoor NK , Joshi D , Sutar R , Sharma T , Joshi A 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Glomerular diseases (GDs) and other renal immunologic diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Providing a single point of service in collaboration with various specialists at a renal immunology clinic for such patients is not novel, but outcomes have not been reported. Here, we report the short-term outcome of Indian patients attending our clinic.

Methods:
This single-center prospective cohort study enrolled biopsy-proven immunologically-mediated adults with renal diseases between April 2018 and December 2019, and followed them for six months. The primary end point for the analysis was an incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or loss of >50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and patient survival at six months. Secondary endpoints were the rate of complete or partial remission, and impact of demographic factors.

Results:
Ninety two patients underwent renal biopsy for suspected immunological renal diseases. Fourteen (15.2%) cases were excluded for nonimmune etiologies, whereas 78 (84.7%) confirmed cases of immune etiology were included. Most common primary GD (n = 51) (93.5%) was membranous nephropathy (n = 20) (25.6%), whereas lupus nephritis was the most common (n = 8) (29.6%) secondary GD. Overall, 10 (12.8%) patients reached renal endpoint of ESRD or >50% fall in eGFR. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (27%) patients had worst renal outcome. Patient survival was 94.8%. Thirty patients (38.4%) achieved complete, whereas 24 each (30.7%) achieved partial remission and remained resistant to disease specific therapies, respectively. Univariate analysis identified hypertension, severity of hypertension, and resistance to achieve proteinuria remission as significantly associated (P < 0.001) factors with poor renal outcome.

Conclusions:
The present study shows that short term renal outcome of Indian patients with renal immune diseases remains poor. FSGS remains the GD with the worst renal outcome. Hypertension, its severity, failure to achieve proteinuria remission were significantly associated with poor renal outcomes.
The study of relationship between ocular biometry and exophthalmometry in adult Malay population of Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Loh Ui Lyn , Qamarruddin Fazilawati A. , Hussein Adil 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE:
Exophthalmometry value has great clinical significance in the presence of many orbital diseases which can cause proptosis, including thyroid-associated orbitopathy, tumors, inflammation, head and orbital trauma, and craniofacial abnormalities. Measurements of exophthalmometry and ocular biometry vary between races and countries. This study aimed to present the normative values of exophthalmometry in adult Malays of Kelantan and the relationship between ocular biometry (axial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and white-to-white) with the obtained exophthalmometry values.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study in the Ophthalmology Clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, where 267 individuals above 20 years old participated between August 2018 and May 2020. Participants were examined with Hertel exophthalmometer and intraocular lens Master by the same investigator. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Science software (version 24.0). Multiple linear regression was used to assess any significant correlation between exophthalmometric value and each biometric variable.

RESULTS:
In the data collected, the mean exophthalmometric value for the right eye was 13.93 ± 2.221 mm and the left eye was 13.93 ± 2.232 mm. Overall, male had a higher exophthalmometric value than the female with a statistically significant P = 0.001. Axial length was uniquely significant for the amount of variance in the exophthalmometric value with P < 0.001, while corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and white-to-white showed no statistical significance.

CONCLUSION:
Our study had established the normal exophthalmometric value for Malay adults in Kelantan for future clinical reference. The axial length had shown to have a significant positive correlation with exophthalmometric values.
ON A REPRESENTATION OF THE RIEMANN ZETA FUNCTION
Authors: Mkrtchyan Ye.S. 
Published: March 2022

In this paper a new representation of the Riemann function in the disc $U(2,1)$ is obtained:$\zeta (z) = \dfrac{1}{z-1} + \displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty(-1)^n\alpha_n(z-2)^n,$ where the coefficients $\alpha_k$ are real numbers tending to zero. Hence is obtained $\gamma=\displaystyle\lim_{m\rightarrow\infty}\left[\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^n\dfrac{\zeta^{(k)}(2)}{k!}-n\right],$ where $\gamma$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant.
Comparison of Hurricane Damage to Several Species of Urban Trees in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Authors: Francis John K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPercent defoliation and percent crown loss were estimated, and a count of stem failure was taken for 24 species of urban trees in San Juan following Hurricane Georges. Differences among species were significant, and detailed comparisons are presented. Wood-specific gravity, branch resistance to flexing, and leaf retention strength were measured for the study species. Many significant correlations were noted between pre-storm height, diameter, wood-specific gravity, branch resistance to flexing, leaf retention strength, defoliation, percent crown loss, and stem failure. A regression equation predicting defoliation is presented. Tree height was the most influential variable followed by branch resistance to flexing, leaf retention strength, and wood-specific gravity. If tree height was eliminated from the model, specific gravity then entered the stepwise regression first.
Determination of Parentage of Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) Seedlings using DNA Amplification Fingerprinting
Authors: Ament Malissa H. , Windham Mark T. , Trigiano Robert N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOpen-pollinated seedlings ofCornus floridaL. ‘Cherokee Chief were tested to identify the pollen donor from a list of nearbyC. floridatrees using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). Tissue was collected and DNA isolated from the maternal ‘Cherokee Chief tree and possible pollen donorsC. florida‘Cherokee Brave’, ‘Cherokee Daybreak’, ‘Cloud 9’, ‘Springtime’, and ‘Pygmy’. DNA was also isolated fromC. florida‘Fragrant Cloud’, ‘Cherokee Princess’, and ‘Appalachian Spring’. Data from DAF were analyzed for similarities and differences between genetic makeup of seedlings and putative parents. Thirteen of 15 (87%) evaluated seedlings were the progeny of ‘Cherokee Brave’ and ‘Cherokee Chief. Using open pollination, progeny of 2 red-bractedC. floridacultivars ‘Cherokee Brave’ and ‘Cherokee Chief were obtained and subsequently verified using DAF.
Cedrus—The True Cedars
Authors: Pijut Paula M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe true cedars (genusCedrus) are valuable timber trees and striking specimen plantings in the urban landscape that grow well in a variety of soil and climatic conditions. The wood is durable and decay resistant. Cedars have been successfully introduced into areas outside of their natural range. The 4 species ofCedrus, 3 of which are planted to some extent in the United States, areC. atlantica(Atlas cedar),C. brevifolia(Cyprian cedar),C. deodara(Deodar cedar), andC. libani(Cedar of Lebanon). In this review, the geographical distribution, taxonomic characteristics, propagation, and adaptation to the urban landscape of cedars are discussed. This information is relevant to horticulturists, botanists, foresters, and anyone interested in the field of arboriculture.
Observations on the Biology and Control of the Hawthorn (Two-Circuli) Mealybug,Phenacoccus dearnessi(King)
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Jevremovic Zana , Sclar D. Casey , Mannix Loretta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe hawthorn (two-circuli) mealybug,Phenacoccus deamessi(King), is a serious woody plant pest of hawthorn,Crataegusspp.) in Colorado. With the expanded use of this plant in landscape settings,P. deamessihas become of more economic importance. Studies were conducted to better understand its biology and to evaluate management strategies. In the area of Fort Collins, Colorado, nymphs emerged from overwintering sites on trunks and began spring activity on 20 March 1998. Migration to twigs was first noted on 14 April, peaking in early May and ceasing at the end of the month. Adult females first produced living young on 27 May and continued to reproduce until 14 October. Three species of predaceous lady beetles—Adalia bipunctata(L.),Coccinella septempunctata(L.), andHippodamia convergens(Guerin-Meneville)—were observed feeding on P.deamessinymphs as they emerged from overwintering sites, but predation of mature females was not observed; no parasitoids have been observed. There is a range of susceptibility to this insect amongCrataegusspp.:Crataegus phaenopyrum‘Cordata’ has remained highly resistant to infestation throughout this study;Crataegus × mordenensis‘Snowbird’,C. succulenta macracantha, andC. ambiguaalso showed substantial levels of resistance. A wide range of insecticides has been evaluated for control, with imidacloprid (Merit) and permethrin (Astro) among the most effective. In addition, the use of horticultural oil consistently improved performance. However, timing of application seems to be critical; applications coinciding with migration of the overwintered nymphs to the twigs being particularly effective.
Effect of Nursery Production Method, Irrigation, and Inoculation with Mycorrhizae-Forming Fungi on Establishment ofQuercus virginiana
Authors: Gilman Edward F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLive oak(Quercus virginiana)trees were grown to about a 2.5 in. (6 cm) caliper in various container and field production systems, then transplanted to a landscape with and without mycorrhizae-forming spores under two irrigation regimes. Trees grew at nearly the same rate in the nurseries, regardless of production method. However, root distribution was altered. Low-profile, air root-pruning containers had less roots on the outside surface of the root ball than did traditional plastic containers. Application of mycorrhizae-forming fungi to the backfill soil at planting in a landscape had no impact on live oak the first 30 months after planting. However, nursery production method and irrigation frequency following planting had a huge influence on tree survival. Irrigating 2.5 in. (6 cm) caliper live oak for only 6 weeks after planting in spring in a slightly drier than normal year resulted in 43% tree death rate. Irrigating twice each week through the first summer after planting in spring kept all trees alive. Under limited irrigation conditions, trees from containers died sooner and more trees died than field-grown, B&B trees. Root-pruned, field-grown, B&B trees survived better than all others following transplanting. Trees planted from all nursery production methods survived and grew similarly, provided they were irrigated regularly through the first growing season. Under limited irrigation, landscape managers would obtain the most live trees by planting root-pruned, field-grown, B&B nursery stock.
Four-Year Evaluation of Five Cultivars ofPyrus calleryana
Authors: Kuser John E. , Robinson Gary , Polanin Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn November 1995, five cultivars of Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana:‘Aristocrat’, ‘Capital’, ‘Chanticleer’, ‘Redspire’, and ‘Whitehouse’) were planted within parkinglot traffic islands at Livingston College, a Piscataway campus of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, U.S. During the next four years, the trees were observed each spring from bud break to flowering, and again each fall. Measurements of growth patterns as well as observational attributes of the cultivars were recorded. ‘Aristocrat’ flushed growth a few days earlier than the others, occasionally suffering frost damage to flowers. Its vertical growth was slower when compared to the other cultivars, with a wider branch angle, a distinctly lower, broader crown, and a deep purple-red fall color in contrast to the orange-reds of the other cultivars. ‘Aristocrat’ was the only cultivar in the study to display branch angle attachments necessary for storm resistance and growth success. ‘Chanticleer’ grew the fastest of the five and had the narrowest branch angles. ‘Redspire’ was intermediate in growth, somewhat open, with fairly narrow branch angles. ‘Capital’ and ‘Whitehouse’ were comparatively dense and heavy blooming; it was difficult to distinguish between them.
Biology and Management of the Horned Oak Gall Wasp on Pin Oak
Authors: Eliason Eileen A. , Potter Daniel A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe horned oak gall wasp (Callirhytis cornigera) induces large, woody galls on twigs of oak; these galls can disfigure trees and result in extensive branch dieback. This paper reviews our recent research on the pest’s biology and management on cultivated pin oaks (Quercus palustris) in Lexington, Kentucky, U.S., especially aspects that are of greatest relevance to tree care professionals. The gall wasp has alternating agamic (all female) and sexual generations that develop, respectively, in multi-chambered twig galls and single-chambered leaf galls along veins. Wasp development required about 33 months in twig galls and about 3 months in leaf galls. The number of gall wasps developing within twig galls ranged from 1 to 160, and was dependent on gall size. Numerous other insects, including parasitoids and inquilines, were found within the galls. Natural enemies accounted for high mortality ofC. cornigera, especially in the leaf-galling generation where 70% to 80% of the larvae were parasitized. The dogwood borer (Synanthedon scitula) infested about 15% of the succulent 2- to 3-year-old twig galls. AdultS. scitulamoths had a similar, bimodal emergence period regardless of whether they originated from dogwoods or horned oak galls. Insecticidal controls targeting the leaf galling stage ofC. cornigerakilled the pest, but also its parasitoids. Therefore, no reduction in the number of twig stem galls was achieved. Difficulties in managing this pest in outbreak situations are discussed.