bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of managed care clinical pharmacists in improving COVID‐19 vaccination rates for culturally specific Medicaid populations
Authors: Osibanjo Oyinda , Benkstein Kristen , Slater James , Shah Amit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClinical pharmacists are an untapped resource in the fight against health disparities. As frontline workers, they are embedded in communities and interact on a regular basis with patients managing chronic conditions. In particular, managed care clinical pharmacists have access to population‐wide data to identify gaps and mobilize resources to proactively address disparities across their community.Amid the current pandemic, there have been vast inequities regarding access to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine, particularly for low income and underserved culturally specific populations. The pandemic has provided a case study for how clinical pharmacists can collaborate across managed care and community‐based settings to work toward achieving health equity.Recent data indicates that culturally specific populations have received less COVID‐19 vaccines than the White population. To address this inequity, a team of clinical pharmacists at CareOregon, a health plan in Oregon that serves Medicaid, collaborated with retail pharmacists from both chain and independent pharmacies to improve COVID‐19 vaccination rates for this unique population.This paper describes the process and strategies implemented to ensure vaccine access for culturally specific populations enrolled with CareOregon. Strategies to expand vaccine access to this population involved data sharing with community pharmacists, direct scheduling of culturally specific members for vaccine appointments and partnering with other stakeholders such as community‐based organizations (CBOs) to provide COVID‐19 vaccine confidence training. This paper also highlights the impact of the strategies to improve COVID‐19 vaccination rates for this population. Lastly, challenges and barriers are addressed, as well as lessons learned from this process.
The Importance of Sleep for People With Chronic Pain: Current Insights and Evidence
Authors: Whale Katie , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWe are currently in the midst of a sleep crisis. Our current work and lifestyle environments are normalizing poor sleep with substantial negative impact on our health. Research on sleep has linked sleep deprivation to poorer mental health, obesity, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and a myriad of other health conditions. Sleep deprivation is an even greater issues for people with musculoskeletal conditions and chronic pain. Between 67% and 88% of individuals with chronic pain experience sleep disruption and insomnia, and at least 50% of people with insomnia report chronic pain. The link between sleep and pain is well documented. Experimental, cohort, and longitudinal studies have all demonstrated that restricted sleep is linked to greater pain. Poor sleep therefore not only affects general health but has a direct impact on inflammation, pain response, and experience. Improving sleep in people living with musculoskeletal conditions and with chronic pain has the potential to deliver great benefit to many. This article describes the evidence base that can underpin such work, including research about the link between pain and sleep as well as theories and approaches to intervention that may help. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
SUMOylation in peripheral tissues under low perfusion‐related pathological states
Authors: Oliveira Filipe R. M. B. , Soares Ericks S. , Harms Christoph , Cimarosti Helena I. , Sordi Regina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSUMOylation is described as a posttranslational protein modification (PTM) that is involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying several conditions related to ischemia‐ and reperfusion‐induced damage. Increasing evidence suggests that, under low oxygen levels, SUMOylation might be part of an endogenous mechanism, which is triggered by injury to protect cells within the central nervous system. However, the role of ischemia‐induced SUMOylation in the periphery is still unclear. This article summarizes the results of recent studies regarding SUMOylation profiles in several diseases characterized by impaired blood flow to the cardiorenal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Our review shows that although ischemic injury per se does not always increase SUMOylation levels, as seen in strokes, it seems that in most cases the positive modulation of protein SUMOylation after peripheral ischemia might be a protective mechanism. This complex relationship warrants further investigation, as the role of SUMOylation during hypoxic conditions differs from organ to organ and is still not fully elucidated.
Molecular mechanics of glove‐like re(I) metallacycles: Toward light‐activated molecular catchers
Authors: Thanasekaran Pounraj , Lin Bo‐Chao , Valaboju Anusha , Lan Chang‐Feng , Chang Che‐Hao , Lee Chung‐Chou , Wu Jing‐Yun , Bhattacharya Dibyendu , Tseng Tien‐Wen , Lee Hsien‐Ming , Hsu Chao‐Ping , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo novel glove‐shaped rhenium(I)‐based metallacycle complexes, composed of two bidentate ligands α,α′‐bis(benzimidazol‐1‐yl)‐meta(orortho)‐xylene(bbim) and a tetradentate ligand, 2,5‐pyrazinedicarboxylate(pzdc) with two Re(I) metal centers each are developed and reported. The opening and closure motion of the metaxylene‐linked metallacycle complex were studied via variable temperature proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiment, as well as density functional theory calculation. Our results indicate that the motion of the “capping” phenyl moiety in bbim is accompanied by the swing of the two benzimidazol groups. Both complexes show two different emission bands when excited at two different wavelengths, a violation of the Kasha's rule. Theoretical calculation indicate that the lower‐energy transitions are metal–ligand charge transfer bands, arising from electrons localized to one of the two Re(I) centers to the pzdc ligand, while the higher‐energy ones are assigned to a ligand–ligand charge‐transfer excitation from bbim to pzdc. Results from excited‐state optimized structures confirm that the higher‐energy excitation leads to a closure of the molecule with meta‐bbim, a desirable “molecular catcher” behavior. Our findings provide an important insight for a strategy to design a light‐activated molecular catcher for many interesting applications.
Optimizing dose of coagulant and pH values for membrane fouling control in a submerged membrane bioreactor
Authors: Nazmkhah Abbas , Oghyanous Farid Alizad , Etemadi Habib , Yegani Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study assessed the impact of using polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and of changing pH values on the removal efficiency and membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) system utilized to treat real pharmaceutical wastewater.RESULTSThe results revealed that sweep coagulation and a neutral pH were suitable for decreasing soluble microbial products (SMP) in the activated sludge, and the sludge filterability performed better with bridging coagulation and an acidic pH (6.5 < pH < 7). In addition, it was found that membrane fouling was greatly alleviated when PAC was added under the optimized conditions to the MBR (PAC concentration = 100 mg L−1 and pH = 7). Further analyses of membrane fouling mechanisms indicated that adding PAC to the MBR increased the biomass floc size and reduced the SMP concentration and the carbohydrate content in the mixed liquor.CONCLUSIONThe detailed analyses of the membranes' cake layers showed that the presence of PAC decreased the amount of fluorescent organic carbons, proteins, and carbohydrates. These changes in sludge characteristics considerably contributed to the reduction of reversible and irreversible membrane fouling. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Students’ perception on flipped classroom in contrast to live demonstration for teaching orthodontic wire‐bending skills: A focus group study
Authors: Lau May Nak , Sivarajan Saritha , Kamarudin Yasmin , Othman Siti Adibah , Wan Hassan Wan Nurazreena , Soh Eunice Xinwei , Zakaria Nor Nadia , Wey Mang Chek , Bahar Aufa Dahlia , M Razi Roziana , Mohd Tahir Norhidayah @ Nor Zahidah , Naimie Zahra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore students’ perceptions of flipped classroom (FC) compared to live demonstration (LD) in transferring skills of fabricating orthodontic wire components for orthodontic removable appliances.MethodsForty third‐year undergraduate dental students were randomly assigned to two groups: FC (n = 20) and LD (n = 20). Students in group FC attended FC, while students in group LD attended LD. Both groups underwent a series of standardized teaching sessions to acquire skills in fabricating six types of orthodontic wire components. Eight students (four high achievers and four low achievers) from each group were randomly selected to attend separate focus group discussion (FGD) sessions. Students’ perceptions on the strengths, weaknesses, and suggestions for improvement on each teaching method were explored. Audio and video recordings of FGD were transcribed and thematically analyzed using NVivo version 12 software.ResultsPromoting personalized learning, improvement in teaching efficacy, inaccuracy of three‐dimensional demonstration from online video, and lack of standardization among instructors and video demonstration were among the themes identified. Similarly, lack of standardization among instructors was one of the themes identified for LD, in addition to other themes such as enabling immediate clarification and vantage point affected by seating arrangement and class size.ConclusionsIn conclusion, FC outperformed LD in fostering personalized learning and improving the efficacy of physical class time. LD was more advantageous than FC in allowing immediate question and answer. However, seating arrangement and class size affected LD in contrast to FC.
Oxygen environment and metabolic oxygen demand predictably interact to affect thermal behavior in a lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis
Authors: Leibold Dalton C. , Gastelum Jacob A. , VandenBrooks John M. , Telemeco Rory S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe climate crisis necessitates predicting how organisms respond to changing environments, but this requires understanding the mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance. The Hierarchical Mechanisms of Thermal Limitation (HMTL) hypothesis proposes that respiratory capacity and marginal stability of proteins and membranes interact hierarchically to determine thermal performance and limits. An untested prediction of the HMTL hypothesis is that behavioral anapyrexia (i.e., reduced body temperature in hypoxia) is exacerbated when metabolic demand is high. We tested this prediction by manipulating western fence lizards' (Sceloporus occidentalis) metabolic demand and oxygen environment, then measuring selected body temperatures. Lizards with elevated metabolic demand selected lower body temperatures at higher oxygen concentrations than resting lizards, but this occurred only at oxygen concentrations <12% O2, suggesting thermal limits are unaffected by naturally‐occurring oxygen variation. Given our results and the ubiquity of behavioral anapyrexia, the HMTL hypothesis may generally explain how oxygen and temperature interactively affect reptile performance.
クリニカルシナリオ1急性心不全におけるドクターカーによる病院前硝酸薬投与と救急外来での気管挿管の割合との関連(Association between prehospital nitrates administration and tracheal intubation at emergency department in patients with the Clinical Scenario 1 acute heart failure)
Authors: (Taketomo Soga) 蘇我 孟群 , (Hiroyuki Kakuchi) 角地 祐幸 , (Tomoya Mizushima) 水嶋 知也 , (Katsuki Ikeda) 池田 勝紀 , (Hiroshi Toriumi) 鳥海 博司 , (Takeshi Miura) 三浦 剛史 , (Takuya Fusada) 房田 卓也 
Published: June 2022

要旨【背景】Clinical Scenario（CS）1心不全は早急な血管拡張と呼吸管理による肺うっ血の解除が必要である。本研究の目的はドクターカーによる病院前硝酸薬投与と救急外来で気管挿管された割合を検討することである。【方法】2015年1月から2020年12月までの間，当救命救急センターへ搬送されたCS1心不全患者209例のうち，ドクターカーによる病院前に硝酸薬を投与された病院前投与群（29例）と管轄救急隊により搬送された病着後に硝酸薬を投与された病着後投与群（123例）の両群へ分け，病院前硝酸薬投与に対する傾向スコアを算出し，1対1傾向マッチングを行った。主要評価項目は救急外来で気管挿管された割合，副次評価項目は非侵襲的陽圧換気とした。病院前投与群の過度な血圧低下についても検討した。【結果】傾向スコアマッチング後の病院前投与群と病着後投与群はともに23例であり，救急外来での気管挿管された割合は両群に有意差を認めなかった（9% vs. 13%, p>0.99）。非侵襲的陽圧換気は病院前投与群において有意に低値であった（48% vs. 83%, p=0.03）。病院前投与群では病院到着時に過度な血圧低下を認めなかった。【結語】本研究ではドクターカーによる病院前硝酸薬投与は救急外来での気管挿管された割合と有意な関連は認めなかったが，病着時の過度な降圧は認めなかった。
高度救命救急センターに緊急転院搬送された10年間の産後出血症例の検討(Clinical characteristics of patients who were transferred to our tertiary care center for an emergency due to severe postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective observational study)
Authors: (Ryo Kamidani) 上谷 遼 , (Haruka Okamoto) 岡本 遥 , (Takahito Miyake) 三宅 喬人 , (Tomomi Shiga) 志賀 友美 , (Hideshi Okada) 岡田 英志 , (Kenichiro Morishige) 森重 健一郎 , (Shinji Ogura) 小倉 真治 
Published: June 2022

要旨【目的】産後出血は主に出産後に起きる大量出血で，母体救命のため高次医療機関や複数診療科を含めた迅速な対応が必要である。今後の周産期救急医療の治療戦略に活かすことを目的とし，産後出血患者の臨床的特徴および転帰を検討した。【対象】2010年1月から2019年12月までに当院高度救命救急センターに緊急転院搬送された18歳以上の産後出血患者を対象として後方視的に検討した。【結果】本研究の基準を満たした患者は273名であり，原因疾患は最多が弛緩出血（63%），次いで胎盤卵膜遺残（19.8%），腟壁血腫（8.8%），帝王切開術後出血（4%），子宮内反症（2.9%），その他であった。当院到着時のショックインデックス≧1.0の患者は85名（31.1%）で，産科危機的出血該当例は103例（37.7%）であった。経カテーテル動脈塞栓術（以下TAE）施行例が149例（54.7%），緊急外科的治療介入例が44例（16.1%），子宮摘出術施行例が8例（2.9%）であった。人工呼吸管理24例，死亡1例，明らかな妊孕性喪失11例であった。【結語】本研究では当救命救急センターが県内の重症産後出血症例を集約させ，産科医や放射線科医と救急医が協働して，積極的な早期輸血戦略やTAEを行うことで良好な治療転帰が得られていたことを示した。
Modulation of sea surface temperature over the North Atlantic and Indian‐Pacific warm pool on interdecadal change of summer precipitation over northwest China
Authors: Wu Ping , Liu Yanju , Ding Yihui , Li Xiucang , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnder the background of global warming, the summer precipitation over northwest China (NW) has experienced a significant interdecadal shift since the early 1990s, followed by a great increase in precipitation. This increase was mainly due to the anomalous water vapour input from the eastern boundary, whose transport has gradually become the main moisture transport belt affecting summer precipitation over NW in the past 30 years. Further research indicates that the anomalous easterly water vapour transport mainly originates from the Arctic and North Pacific Oceans. The interdecadal increase in precipitation and changes in water vapour transport pathways are related to the interdecadal warming of the North Atlantic (NA) and Indian‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) in the mid‐1980s. The IPWP warming potentially weakens the land–sea thermal gradient, dampens the meridional circulation in East Asia, and thereby significantly reduces the southerly water vapour transport of the Asian summer monsoon, and generates anomalous northeasterly water vapour transport from high latitudes over East Asia. Moreover, the warmer sea surface temperature (SST) over the IPWP and NA can induce an anomalous teleconnection wave train, with anomalous anticyclones over Lake Baikal and the Aleutian Islands, and an anomalous cyclone over Japan. This type of teleconnection wave train contributes to anomalous northerly winds over eastern China and easterly winds over NW. The above‐mentioned anomalous circulation favours moisture transport from both the Arctic and North Pacific toward the NW, resulting in an increase in summer precipitation associated with the anomalous regional ascending motion.
Reactivity of Polysilazanes Allows Catalyst‐Free Curing of Silicones
Authors: Sønderbæk‐Jørgensen René , Meier Sebastian , Dam‐Johansen Kim , Skov Anne L. , Daugaard Anders E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSilicones are typically cured at room temperature by means of metal catalyst such as tin or platinum. When networks are formed, the catalyst becomes unrecoverable, which is of economic as well as environmental concern. Very few methods for producing metal catalyst‐free room‐temperature‐vulcanized (RTV) silicones exist and require conditions unavailable in industrial settings. Through the study of organic polysilazane (PSz) reactivity with simple alcohols by nuclear magnetic resonance, an unexpected fragmentation preference is discovered for breaking the SiN bond rather than the SiH; thereby, casting a new light on the fragmentation mechanism of PSzs. Utilizing the PSz fragmentation as a silyl ether coupling agent for multifunctional carbinol silicones, a method of producing catalyst‐free RTV silicone networks at ambient conditions is presented. These silicone networks are proven chemically similar to a standard condensation‐cured silicone and stoichiometric variations of PSz content demonstrate adjustable network properties.
Pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Yang Peipei , Qu Ying , Wang Mengyao , Chu Bingyang , Chen Wen , Zheng Yuhuan , Niu Ting , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second‐ranking malignancy in hematological tumors. The pathogenesis of MM is complex with high heterogeneity, and the development of the disease is a multistep process. Chromosomal translocations, aneuploidy, genetic mutations, and epigenetic aberrations are essential in disease initiation and progression. The correlation between MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment is associated with the survival, progression, migration, and drug resistance of MM cells. In recent decades, there has been a significant change in the paradigm for the management of MM. With the development of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapies, and novel agents, the survival of MM patients has been significantly improved. In addition, nanotechnology acts as both a nanocarrier and a treatment tool for MM. The properties and responsive conditions of nanomedicine can be tailored to reach different goals. Nanomedicine with a precise targeting property has offered great potential for drug delivery and assisted in tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis and current treatment options of MM, then overview recent advances in nanomedicine‐based systems, aiming to provide more insights into the treatment of MM.
Application of a novel diamond detector for commissioning of FLASH radiotherapy electron beams
Authors: Verona Rinati Gianluca , Felici Giuseppe , Galante Federica , Gasparini Alessia , Kranzer Rafael , Mariani Giulia , Pacitti Matteo , Prestopino Giuseppe , Schüller Andreas , Vanreusel Verdi , Verellen Dirk , Verona Claudio , Marinelli Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeA diamond detector prototype was recently proposed by Marinelli et al. (Medical Physics 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15473) for applications in ultrahigh‐dose‐per‐pulse (UH‐DPP) and ultrahigh‐dose‐rate (UH‐DR) beams, as used in FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT). In the present study, such so‐called flashDiamond (fD) was investigated from the dosimetric point of view, under pulsed electron beam irradiation. It was then used for the commissioning of an ElectronFlash linac (SIT S.p.A., Italy) both in conventional and UH‐DPP modalities.MethodsDetector calibration was performed in reference conditions, under 60Co and electron beam irradiation. Its response linearity was investigated in UH‐DPP conditions. For this purpose, the DPP was varied in the 1.2–11.9 Gy range, by changing either the beam applicator or the pulse duration from 1 to 4 μs. Dosimetric validation of the fD detector prototype was then performed in conventional modality, by measuring percentage depth dose (PDD) curves, beam profiles, and output factors (OFs). All such measurements were carried out in a motorized water phantom. The obtained results were compared with the ones from commercially available dosimeters, namely, a microDiamond, an Advanced Markus ionization chamber, a silicon diode detector, and EBT‐XD GAFchromic films. Finally, the fD detector was used to fully characterize the 7 and 9 MeV UH‐DPP electron beams delivered by the ElectronFlash linac. In particular, PDDs, beam profiles, and OFs were measured, for both energies and all the applicators, and compared with the ones from EBT‐XD films irradiated in the same experimental conditions.ResultsThe fD calibration coefficient resulted to be independent from the investigated beam qualities. The detector response was found to be linear in the whole investigated DPP range. A very good agreement was observed among PDDs, beam profiles, and OFs measured by the fD prototype and reference detectors, both in conventional and UH‐DPP irradiation modalities.ConclusionsThe fD detector prototype was validated from the dosimetric point of view against several commercial dosimeters in conventional beams. It was proved to be suitable in UH‐DPP and UH‐DR conditions, for which no other commercial real‐time active detector is available to date. It was shown to be a very useful tool to perform fast and reproducible beam characterizations in standard clinical motorized water phantom setups. All of the previously mentioned demonstrate the suitability of the proposed detector for the commissioning of UH‐DR linac beams for preclinical FLASH‐RT applications.
Single‐material beam hardening correction via an analytical energy response model for diagnostic CT
Authors: Haase Viktor , Hahn Katharina , Schöndube Harald , Stierstorfer Karl , Maier Andreas , Noo Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious clinical studies show the potential for a wider quantitative role of diagnostic X‐ray computed tomography (CT) beyond size measurements. Currently, the clinical use of attenuation values is, however, limited due to their lack of robustness. This issue can be observed even on the same scanner across patient size and positioning. There are different causes for the lack of robustness in the attenuation values; one possible source of error is beam hardening of the X‐ray source spectrum. The conventional and well‐established approach to address this issue is a calibration‐based single material beam hardening correction (BHC) using a water cylinder.PurposeWe investigate an alternative approach for single‐material BHC with the aim of producing a more robust result for the attenuation values. The underlying hypothesis of this investigation is that calibration‐based BHC automatically corrects for scattered radiation in a manner that is suboptimal in terms of bias as soon as the scanned object strongly deviates from the water cylinder used for calibration.MethodsThe approach we propose performs BHC via an analytical energy response model that is embedded into a correction pipeline that efficiently estimates and subtracts scattered radiation in a patient‐specific manner prior to BHC. The estimation of scattered radiation is based on minimizing, in average, the squared difference between our corrected data and the vendor‐calibrated data. The used energy response model is considering the spectral effects of the detector response and the prefiltration of the source spectrum, including a beam‐shaping bowtie filter. The performance of the correction pipeline is first characterized with computer simulated data. Afterward, it is tested using real 3‐D CT data sets of two different phantoms, with various kV settings and phantom positions, assuming a circular data acquisition. The results are compared in the image domain to those from the scanner.ResultsFor experiments with a water cylinder, the proposed correction pipeline leads to similar results as the vendor. For reconstructions of a QRM liver phantom with extension ring, the proposed correction pipeline achieved a more uniform and stable outcome in the attenuation values of homogeneous materials within the phantom. For example, the root mean squared deviation between centered and off‐centered phantom positioning was reduced from 6.6 to 1.8 HU in one profile.ConclusionsWe have introduced a patient‐specific approach for single‐material BHC in diagnostic CT via the use of an analytical energy response model. This approach shows promising improvements in terms of robustness of attenuation values for large patient sizes. Our results contribute toward improving CT images so as to make CT attenuation values more reliable for use in clinical practice.