bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous solution blending route for preparing flexible and antistatic polyimide/carbon nanotube composite films with core‐shell structured polyimide/graphene microspheres
Authors: Jiang Hanzhou , Xu Lubo , Chen Guofei , Fang Xingzhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo explore the process of preparing polyimide (PI) microspheres with specific particle size, the effects such as the ratio of surfactant to PI, concentration of PI, stirring speed, and temperature on the particle size and distribution of PI microspheres were investigated in detail. The core‐shell structured PI@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) microspheres were prepared by reduction of PI microspheres with an average particle size of 1.11 μm coated with GO. The PI/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites films were fabricated with poly(amic acid) ammonium salts (PAAS) aqueous solution blending route. A three‐dimensional (3D) conductive network was constructed due to the CNTs were connected by microspheres and arranged in a random orientation. Thus, The PI/CNT composite films exhibited well antistatic properties and volume resistivity dropped by five orders of magnitude to 6.56 × 105 Ω·cm after adding 15 phr PI@rGO microspheres. Moreover, the composite films still have good mechanical properties and excellent thermal properties.
Post‐glacial dynamics of an alpine Little Ice Age glacitectonized frozen landform (Aget, western Swiss Alps)
Authors: Wee Julie , Delaloye Reynald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlaciers and frozen‐debris landforms have coexisted and episodically or continuously interacted throughout the Holocene at elevations where the climate conditions are cold enough for permafrost to occur. In the European Alps, the Little Ice Age (LIA) characterized the apogee of the last interaction phase. In areas of consecutive post‐LIA glacier shrinkage, the geomorphological dominant conditioning of the ongoing paraglacial phase may have transitioned from glacial to periglacial and later even shifted to post‐periglacial. Such transitions can be observed through the morphodynamics of glacitectonized frozen landforms (GFLs), which are permafrost‐related pre‐existing frozen masses of debris deformed (tectonized) by the pressure exerted by an interacting glacier. This contribution aims at evidencing the processes driving the ongoing morphodynamical evolution of an actively back‐creeping GFL within the LIA forefield of the Aget glacier on the basis of long‐term time series of ground surface temperature, and in‐situ geodetic and geoelectrical measurements. Our observations for the last two decades (1998–2020), which have been the warmest since the LIA, reveal a resistivity decrease in the permafrost body and a surface subsidence of up to a few centimeters per year. The former indicate a liquid water‐to‐ice content ratio increase within the permafrost body and the latter a ground ice melt at the permafrost table, both processes having taken place heterogeneously at the scale of the landform. The absence of acceleration of landform motion during that period despite a probable warming trend of the frozen ground may indicate that the ongoing degradation is reaching a tipping point at which processes related to interparticle friction and thinning of the permafrost body contribute to gradually inactivate the mechanism of permafrost creep.
Characteristics and outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia established on long‐term ventilation from neonatal intensive care
Authors: Ong Jonathan Wen Yi , Everitt Lucy , Hiscutt Jodie , Griffiths Catherine , McEvoy Alison , Goss Kevin Colin William , Johnson Mark John , Evans Hazel J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionEx‐preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) sometimes require long‐term ventilation (LTV) to facilitate weaning from respiratory support. There are however limited data characterizing this cohort. We aim to describe the background characteristics, neonatal comorbidities, characteristics at the initiation of ventilation, and outcomes of neonatal unit graduates with BPD established on LTV.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of infants born <32 weeks gestation with BPD referred to a regional LTV service between January 2015 and December 2020.ResultsTwenty‐five infants were referred during the study period. Median birth gestation was 26 + 1 weeks (24 + 0–30 + 4) and birth weight 645 g (430–1485). At 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), median FiO2 was 0.45 (0.24–0.80) and one‐quarter of infants remained on invasive ventilation. Twenty (80%) infants were established on noninvasive ventilation (NIV), with the smallest weighing 2085 g, and five (20%) required tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV). At initiation of NIV/TIV, median PMA was 41 + 1 weeks and median FiO2 0.40 (0.29–0.80). Infants established on TIV spent almost five times longer in hospital before discharge compared to those on NIV (p = 0.003). By March 2022, 18 (72%) infants had discontinued ventilation, spending a median total time of 113 days (18–1792) on ventilation.ConclusionDue to advances in interfaces, headgear, and ventilator technology, NIV is an attractive and practically achievable option for infants with severe BPD as small as 2 kg. Initiation and weaning should take place in a facility with the required multidisciplinary expertize.
Detonation Characteristics of an Aluminized DNAN‐Based Melt‐Cast Explosive
Authors: Yang Yang , Duan Zhuoping , Li Shurui , Han Yong , Huang Hui , Zhang Liansheng , Huang Fenglei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvestigations of the detonation characteristics of a new aluminized DNAN‐based melt‐cast explosive RMA‐2X (containing 30 wt.% DNAN (2,4‐dinitroanisole), 30 wt.% NTO (3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one), 10 wt.% HMX (1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane) and 30 wt.% aluminum) were undertaken, as well as a lithium fluoride (LiF) substituted explosive RMF‐2X (containing 30 wt.% DNAN, 30 wt.% NTO, 10 wt.% HMX and 30 wt.% LiF). The interfacial velocity experiment was carried out to measure the reaction zone parameters (including the CJ pressure, the pressure at the Von Neumann spike, and the reaction zone length) of RMA‐2X. The cylinder test was also performed, and employing the test data, the detonation velocity, the Gurney energy, and the detonation energy of RMA‐2X were calculated. Investigation results are analyzed and some conclusions are drawn. The role of aluminum in the detonation characteristics are also discussed. Finally, parameters of the Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee equation of state of the detonation products were confirmed.
Micromechanical Behavior of HTPB Propellant Bonding Interface under Uniaxial Tensile Loading
Authors: Pei Shu‐di , Qiang Hong‐fu , Wang Xue‐ren , Wang Jia‐xiang , Li Shi‐qi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn order to study the mechanical behavior of solid rocket motor charge bonding interface under uniaxial tensile loading, the bonding interface of HTPB propellant/liner/insulator during uniaxial tensile process was scanned and reconstructed based on micro‐CT in‐situ loading, and the variation of porosity and interface debonding rate with strain was analyzed. A damage‐containing constitutive model based on the evolution of meso‐characteristic parameters was established for bonded interfacial components. The experimental analysis shows that the initial defects have a great influence on the location and evolution direction of the interface damage, and the interface damage can be quantitatively characterized by the interface debonding rate and porosity, and the interface debonding rate can better reflect the damage evolution process of micro‐pores and cracks near the propellant/liner interface. The damage‐containing constitutive model based on the evolution of mesoscopic characteristic parameters can effectively establish the structure‐activity relationship between mesoscopic parameters and macroscopic mechanical properties, and can predict the mechanical behavior of charge interface.
Efficient and relevant stepwise covariate model building for pharmacometrics
Authors: Svensson Robin J. , Jonsson E. Niclas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCovariate modeling is an important opportunity for pharmacometrics to influence decision making in drug development. The stepwise covariate model (SCM) building procedure is the most common method for covariate model development. Despite its advantages, the traditional SCM method is known to have long runtimes and the suboptimal ability to select relevant covariates, especially in more complex phase III settings. In this work, two alternative approaches are presented: SCM+, which introduces the “adaptive scope reduction” and changes to general estimation settings, and “stage‐wise filtering,” which groups covariates into categories based on their importance (mechanistic, structural, and exploratory). The three methods (SCM, SCM+, and SCM+ with stage‐wise filtering) are applied to data from a simulated phase III population pharmacokinetic study and are compared in terms of efficiency and relevance. The two SCM+ methods were considerably more efficient than the traditional SCM: the number of function evaluations was reduced by 70% for SCM+ and by 76% for SCM+ with stage‐wise filtering compared to SCM; the corresponding number of executed models was reduced by 44% for SCM+ and 70% for SCM+ with stage‐wise filtering. In addition, among the three methods, SCM+ with stage‐wise filtering selected the highest number of relevant covariates. Given the improved efficiency and ability to select relevant covariates shown in this work, the use of SCM+ and stage‐wise filtering can greatly increase the efficiency of covariate modeling in drug development, which will ultimately facilitate more timely support for decision making.
Grain Boundary Engineering Enabled High‐Performance Garnet‐Type Electrolyte for Lithium Dendrite Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zheng Chujun , Lu Yan , Su Jianmeng , Song Zhen , Xiu Tongping , Jin Jun , Badding Michael E. , Wen Zhaoyin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are attracting increasing attentions as one of the promising next‐generation technologies due to their high‐safety and high‐energy density. Their practical application, however, is hindered by lithium dendrite growth and propagation in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Herein, an in situ grain boundary modification strategy relying on the reaction between Li2TiO3 (LTO) and Ta‐substituted garnet‐type electrolyte (LLZT) is developed, which forms LaTiO3 along with lesser amounts of LTO/Li2ZrO3 at the grain boundaries (GBs). The second phases of LTO/Li2ZrO3 inhibit abnormal grain growth. The presence of LaTiO3 at the GBs reduces electronic conductivity and improves mechanical strength, which can hinder dendrite formation and block lithium dendrite penetration through the LLZT. Moreover, the adjacent grains by LaTiO3 build a continuous Li+ transport path, providing a homogeneous Li+ flux throughout the whole LLZT‐4LTO. As a result, symmetric cells of Li | LLZT‐4LTO | Li shows a high critical current density of 1.8 mA cm−2 and a long cycling stability up to 2000 h at 0.3 mA cm−2. Moreover, the high‐voltage full cells demonstrate remarkable cycling stability and rate performance. It is believed that this novel grain boundary modification strategy can shed light on the constructing of high‐performance SSEs for practical SSLMBs.
Risk‐based approach for managing obsolescence for automation systems in heavy industries
Authors: Ault Trevor , Bradley Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObsolescence is an important consideration in the management and engineering of heavy industrial facilities. Examples of these could include refineries, chemical plants, and other large‐scale materials processing facilities. These facilities have lifetimes of many decades but operate on software, automation hardware, and other electrical equipment that reaches obsolescence much sooner than the rotating equipment, unit operations, and other major systems of the facility. This work proposes a method to manage obsolescence of automation and electrical systems at industrial sites. This risk management method was developed by first analyzing a database of upgrade projects at several industrial sites and identifying parts that had been replaced due to obsolescence. The analysis was used to prioritize replacement of obsolescent parts based on the average operational lifespans, their criticality in operations, their manufacturer's continued production state, and other factors. Based on those results, a taxonomy of obsolescence risk, and a risk assessment plan were developed to manage the replacement of parts. The value of this proposed management strategy was validated through its application to 13 heavy industrial facilities. The results indicate a reduction of roughly 70% in reactive replacements due to obsolescence after the major upgrade and a 24% reduction in unplanned downtime due to part failure during normal operations. While this study is focused on heavy industries, the proposed method for identifying and managing component obsolescence can be applied to other industries and systems.
Keeping development on time: Insights into post‐transcriptional mechanisms driving oscillatory gene expression during vertebrate segmentation
Authors: Blatnik Monica C. , Gallagher Thomas L. , Amacher Sharon L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiological time keeping, or the duration and tempo at which biological processes occur, is a phenomenon that drives dynamic molecular and morphological changes that manifest throughout many facets of life. In some cases, the molecular mechanisms regulating the timing of biological transitions are driven by genetic oscillations, or periodic increases and decreases in expression of genes described collectively as a “molecular clock.” In vertebrate animals, molecular clocks play a crucial role in fundamental patterning and cell differentiation processes throughout development. For example, during early vertebrate embryogenesis, the segmentation clock regulates the patterning of the embryonic mesoderm into segmented blocks of tissue called somites, which later give rise to axial skeletal muscle and vertebrae. Segmentation clock oscillations are characterized by rapid cycles of mRNA and protein expression. For segmentation clock oscillations to persist, the transcript and protein molecules of clock genes must be short‐lived. Faithful, rhythmic, genetic oscillations are sustained by precise regulation at many levels, including post‐transcriptional regulation, and such mechanisms are essential for proper vertebrate development.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Translation > Regulation
D-instanton induced superpotential
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Fırat Atakan Hilmi , Kim Manki , Sen Ashoke , Stefański Bogdan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We use string field theory to fix the normalization of the D-instanton corrections to the superpotential involving the moduli fields of type II string theory compactified on an orientifold of a Calabi-Yau threefold in the absence of fluxes. We focus on O(1) instantons whose only zero modes are the four bosonic modes associated with translation of the instanton in non-compact directions and a pair of fermionic zero modes associated with the two supercharges broken by the instanton. We work with a generic superconformal field theory and express our answer in terms of the spectrum of open strings on the instanton. We analyse the contribution of multi-instantons of this kind to the superpotential and argue that it vanishes when background fluxes are absent.
Adaptive discretization-based algorithms for semi-infinite programs with unbounded variables
Authors: Jungen Daniel , Djelassi Hatim , Mitsos Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe proof of convergence of adaptive discretization-based algorithms for semi-infinite programs (SIPs) usually relies on compact host sets for the upper- and lower-level variables. This assumption is violated in some applications, and we show that indeed convergence problems can arise when discretization-based algorithms are applied to SIPs with unbounded variables. To mitigate these convergence problems, we first examine the underlying assumptions of adaptive discretization-based algorithms. We do this paradigmatically using the lower-bounding procedure of Mitsos [Optimization 60(10–11):1291–1308, 2011], which uses the algorithm proposed by Blankenship and Falk [J Optim Theory Appl 19(2):261–281, 1976]. It is noteworthy that the considered procedure and assumptions are essentially the same in the broad class of adaptive discretization-based algorithms. We give sharper, slightly relaxed, assumptions with which we achieve the same convergence guarantees. We show that the convergence guarantees also hold for certain SIPs with unbounded variables based on these sharpened assumptions. However, these sharpened assumptions may be difficult to prove a priori. For these cases, we propose additional, stricter, assumptions which might be easier to prove and which imply the sharpened assumptions. Using these additional assumptions, we present numerical case studies with unbounded variables. Finally, we review which applications are tractable with the proposed additional assumptions.
Free vascularized flap reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis of the mandible: a 25-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: van den Heuvel Stefanie C. M. , van den Dungen T. R. I. , Schulten E. A. J. M. , Mullender M. G. , Winters H. A. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteoradionecrosis of the jaw is a severe complication of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.If conservative treatment and surgical debridement have been unsuccessful, the preferred treatment for symptomatic mandibular osteoradionecrosis (mORN) is radical surgery and subsequent reconstruction with a free vascularized flap. This study aims to assess the outcomes of free vascularized flap reconstruction in mORN.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on all patients who underwent a free vascularized flap reconstruction for mORN between 1995 and 2021 in Amsterdam UMC – VUmc, The Netherlands.ResultsIn our cohort study, three of the twenty-eight flap reconstructions failed (10.7%). No recurrences of mORN were observed during a mean follow-up of 8 years.ConclusionsThe success rate of free vascularized flap reconstruction for mORN is high. The fibula is the preferred free flap for mandibular reconstruction in mORN cases. However, this type of surgery is at risk for complications and patients need to be informed that these complications may require surgical re-intervention.Level of evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic; Risk/Prognostic.
Risk and cause of death in post-traumatic epilepsy: a register-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Karlander Markus , Ljungqvist Johan , Sörbo Ann , Zelano Johan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is common, but its impact on survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI) of different severity and in different demographic patient groups is unknown. We analyzed the risk of death associated with PTE with adjustment for TBI severity, causes of death, and the contribution of epilepsy as direct or contributing cause of death.

Methods
Register-based, retrospective cohort study. All individuals hospitalized in Sweden for a TBI between 2000 and 2010 without prior seizures were identified in the National Patient Register, with follow-up until 2017. Subsequent epilepsy was identified by ICD-10 codes. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) was used to assess hazard of death, with epilepsy as a time-updated covariate. Adjusted analyses for age, gender, injury severity and comorbidities were also performed. Causes of death were analyzed using the Cause of Death Register.

Results
Among 111 947 individuals with TBI, subsequent epilepsy diagnosis was associated with a crude HR of 2.3 (95% CI: 2.2–2.4) for death. Stratified analyses showed a HR of 7.8 (95% CI: 6.5–9.4) for death in younger individuals. Epilepsy was a more common underlying cause of death in younger individuals.

Conclusion
PTE is associated with a higher risk of death and epilepsy seems to contribute to a significant proportion of deaths, especially in younger age groups. Future studies on whether improved epilepsy treatment can reduce mortality are needed.
Pathological processing of sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial carcinoma — routine aspects of grossing, ultra-staging, and surgico-pathological parameters in a series of 833 lymph nodes
Authors: Rau Tilman T. , Deppeler Mona V. , Christe Lucine , Siegenthaler Franziska , Imboden Sara , Papadia Andrea , Mueller Michael D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSentinel lymph nodes are widely accepted in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma. Whereas surgical aspects are well studied, the pathological work-up in terms of grossing, frozen section, and the so-called ultra-staging is still a matter of debate. This results in conflicting national or center-based recommendations. In a series of consecutive 833 sentinel lymph nodes from 206 patients in endometrial carcinomas, we compared three different grossing techniques and the use of frozen section in terms of anatomy, detection rates, and survival. In total, 42 macro-metastases, 6 micro-metastases, and 25 nodes with isolated tumor cells were found. Lymph nodes affected at least with micro-metastasis were about 0.5cm enlarged. Detection rates in lamellation technique increased with a step of 5.9% to 8.3% in comparison to bi-valved or complete embedding. The lamellation technique presented with a slight beneficial prognosis in pN0 subgroup (OS, p=0.05), which besides size effects might be attributed to trimming loss. In frozen section, this effect was less pronounced than expected (OS, p=0.56). Ultra-staging only revealed additional micro-metastases and isolated tumor cells. Exclusively, macro-metastases showed poor survival (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, T-stage, subtype, and lympho-vascular invasion status outperformed this staging parameter significantly. Grossing of sentinel lymph nodes is the most essential step with evidence to prefer lamellation in 2 mm steps. Step sectioning should consider widely spaced protocols to exclude macro-metastases. Frozen sections might add value to the intra-operative assessment of endometrial carcinoma in selected cases. The excellent biological behavior of cases with isolated tumor cells might question the routine application of pan-cytokeratin as ultra-staging method.