bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruptive behavior in the operating room: Systemic over individual determinants
Authors: Campos Mauricio , Lira María Jesús , Mery Pamela , Calderón Maribel , Sepúlveda Macarena , Pimentel Fernando , Zúñiga Denisse 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The operating room (OR) environment presents specific conditions that put stress on work dynamics. Disruptive behavior among members of the health team is recognized to affect work dynamics and patient outcomes. As surgeons have been syndicated as frequent disruptors, the objective was to explore their perceptions about OR working dynamics and the occurrence of disruptive behavior.

Study design:
Qualitative exploratory study, based on semi-structured individual interviews. Twenty participants were sampled until data saturation. For better context, we also included in the sample anesthesiologists, nurses, and technicians, among others. Using grounded theory framework, investigators extracted data from verbatim transcriptions with qualitative software.

Results:
Problems of infrastructure, interpersonal relationships, and organizational failures had most density of citations and trigger the most disruptive behavior narrated events. Although personality traits were noted to promote some disruptive behavior occurrence, systemic determinants were critical, such as poorly defined working roles and a plethora of personal ways to cope or avoid disruptive behavior.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that disruptive behavior events are not just a matter of a surgeon's personality traits but also substantiated by systemic normalization, informal communication strategies, and undefined roles, making teams less resilient to unexpected events.

Graphical abstract

Highlights
Continued increases in the incidence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) during the second year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Lastinger Lindsey M. , Alvarez Carlos R. , Kofman Aaron , Konnor Rebecca Y. , Kuhar David T. , Nkwata Allan , Patel Prachi R. , Pattabiraman Vaishnavi , Xu Sunny Y. , Dudeck Margaret A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractData from the National Healthcare Safety Network were analyzed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) during 2021. Standardized infection ratios were significantly higher than those during the prepandemic period, particularly during 2021-Q1 and 2021-Q3. The incidence of HAI was elevated during periods of high COVID-19 hospitalizations.
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak investigation in a hospital emergency department—California, December 2020–January 2021
Authors: Li Ruoran , Beshearse Elizabeth , Malden Deborah , Truong Holly , Kraushaar Vit , Bonin Brandon J. , Kim Janice , Kennedy Idamae , McNary Jennifer , Han George S. , Rudman Sarah L. , Perz Joseph F. , Perkins Kiran M. , Glowicz Janet , Epson Erin , Benowitz Isaac , Villarino Elsa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe describe a large outbreak of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) involving an acute-care hospital emergency department during December 2020 and January 2021, in which 27 healthcare personnel worked while infectious, resulting in multiple opportunities for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to patients and other healthcare personnel. We provide recommendations for improving infection prevention and control.
The Reluctant Postmodernism of Jürgen Habermas: Reevaluating Habermas's Debates with Foucault and Derrida
Authors: Verovšek Peter J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPoliticians and scholars alike have blamed postmodernism—and the identity politics that have emerged in its wake—for the pathologies of the early twenty-first century. Despite his limited defense of the Enlightenment and his disputes with his French contemporaries, I argue that Habermas's philosophy displays many postmodern characteristics that are often overlooked. These include its decentering of the autonomous subject, its skepticism towards metaphysics, and its rejection of stadial philosophies of history. In light of the fact that Habermas adopts weaker versions of many postmodern commitments, I reconsider his disputes with Foucault and Derrida regarding the legacy of the Enlightenment. I conclude that rather than interpreting Habermas as a conservative critic of his more radical counterparts in France, we should instead see these three thinkers as part of a shared attempt to come to terms with the problems of postwar Europe in a public, discursive manner.
Back to the future? What we can learn from the 2nd generation of Social Policy academics
Authors: HAUX TINA 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTopics such as climate change, diversity and inequality are likely to dominate the future of Social Policy. This is also a time of a generational change in Social Policy.In this paper I will address the questions of the future challenges for Social Policy by mapping the trajectories of the second generation of Social Policy Academics. There is much to learn from this generation such as the importance of epistemic communities, of mentoring and sustained engagement with policy-makers. However, the argument put forward in this paper is that Social Policy as it developed into an academic subject from the 1960s lost the connection to policy-makers due to expanding outside London; focusing on establishing social policy as an academic subject, academic careers and moving into comparative Social Policy. One effect of this is that an explicit focus on policy innovation and design has gone missing. Instead, this space in the policy landscape has been claimed by think tanks that continue to be highly successful in influencing government policy. A re-discovery of policy design as a key part of Social Policy together with the other lessons from this generation will be needed if we want to tackle the big challenges of tomorrow.
REGULARITY OF AML FUNCTIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL NORMED SPACES
Authors: TAPIA-GARCÍA SEBASTIÁN 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSavin [‘
$\mathcal {C}^{1}$
regularity for infinity harmonic functions in two dimensions’, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.3(176) (2005), 351–361] proved that every planar absolutely minimizing Lipschitz (AML) function is continuously differentiable whenever the ambient space is Euclidean. More recently, Peng et al. [‘Regularity of absolute minimizers for continuous convex Hamiltonians’, J. Differential Equations274 (2021), 1115–1164] proved that this property remains true for planar AML functions for certain convex Hamiltonians, using some Euclidean techniques. Their result can be applied to AML functions defined in two-dimensional normed spaces with differentiable norm. In this work we develop a purely non-Euclidean technique to obtain the regularity of planar AML functions in two-dimensional normed spaces with differentiable norm.
The effectiveness of remote therapy in two London IAPT services
Authors: Nguyen Jen , McNulty Nicholas , Grant Nina , Martland Natasha , Dowling Daniel , King Sophie , Neely Lizzie , Ball Jack , Dom Gabriele 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic increased population levels of depression and anxiety, and infection control measures obliged services to provide psychological therapies remotely. Evidence for the routine provision of psychological therapy via telephone and video-conferencing is limited. This study compared therapy outcomes for 5360 clients in two London Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services before and after homeworking produced a compete shift to remotely delivered therapy. Despite the psychological impacts of pandemic restrictions, and the use of a novel therapy modality in video-conferencing, recovery rates and net score change improved in both services, significantly in one. There was no significant worsening of outcomes for any demographic group or presenting disorder. The findings suggest that for those able to access it, therapy provided by telephone and video is a clinically effective option for IAPT services.

Key learning aims

(1)
To assess the clinical effectiveness of delivering IAPT therapies remotely.

(2)
To gain insight into the impacts of remote therapy on different client groups, including ethnicity, gender, age and presenting problem.

(3)
To assess the impact of remote therapy on access to IAPT services.
Aberrant inflammation in rat pregnancy leads to cardiometabolic alterations in the offspring and intrauterine growth restriction in the F2 generation
Authors: Ushida Takafumi , Cotechini Tiziana , Protopapas Nicole , Atallah Aline , Collyer Charlotte , Toews Alexa J. , Macdonald-Goodfellow Shannyn K. , Tse M. Yat , Winn Louise M. , Pang Stephen C. , Adams Michael A. , Othman Maha , Kotani Tomomi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Graham Charles H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren of women with pre-eclampsia have increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic disease in adult life. Furthermore, the risk of pregnancy complications is higher in daughters born to women affected by pre-eclampsia than in daughters born after uncomplicated pregnancies. While aberrant inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, the contribution of maternal inflammation to subsequent risk of CV and metabolic disease as well as pregnancy complications in the offspring remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that 24-week-old female rats (F1) born to dams (F0) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during pregnancy (to induce inflammation) exhibited mild systolic dysfunction, increased cardiac growth-related gene expression, altered glucose tolerance, and coagulopathy; whereas male F1 offspring exhibited altered glucose tolerance and increased visceral fat accumulation compared with F1 sex-matched offspring born to saline-treated dams. Both male and female F1 offspring born to LPS-treated dams had evidence of anemia. Fetuses (F2) from F1 females born to LPS-treated dams were growth restricted, and this reduction in fetal growth was associated with increased CD68 positivity (indicative of macrophage presence) and decreased expression of glucose transporter-1 in their utero-placental units. These results indicate that abnormal maternal inflammation can contribute to increased risk of CV and metabolic disease in the offspring, and that the effects of inflammation may cross generations. Our findings provide evidence in support of early screening for CV and metabolic disease, as well as pregnancy complications in offspring affected by pre-eclampsia or other pregnancy complications associated with aberrant inflammation.
Lanthanide-doped heterostructured nanocomposites toward advanced optical anti-counterfeiting and information storage
Authors: Xie Yao , Song Yapai , Sun Guotao , Hu Pengfei , Bednarkiewicz Artur , Sun Lining 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe continuously growing importance of information storage, transmission, and authentication impose many new demands and challenges for modern nano-photonic materials and information storage technologies, both in security and storage capacity. Recently, luminescent lanthanide-doped nanomaterials have drawn much attention in this field because of their photostability, multimodal/multicolor/narrowband emissions, and long luminescence lifetime. Here, we report a multimodal nanocomposite composed of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticle and EuSe semiconductor, which was constructed by utilizing a cation exchange strategy. The nanocomposite can emit blue and white light under 365 and 394 nm excitation, respectively. Meanwhile, the nanocomposites show different colors under 980 nm laser excitation when the content of Tb3+ions is changed in the upconversion nanoparticles. Moreover, the time-gating technology is used to filter the upconversion emission of a long lifetime from Tb3+or Eu3+, and the possibilities for modulating the emission color of the nanocomposites are further expanded. Based on the advantage of multiple tunable luminescence, the nanocomposites are designed as optical modules to load optical information. This work enables multi-dimensional storage of information and provides new insights into the design and fabrication of next-generation storage materials.
Highly efficient acousto-optic modulation using nonsuspended thin-film lithium niobate-chalcogenide hybrid waveguides
Authors: Wan Lei , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhou Wenfeng , Wen Meixun , Feng Tianhua , Zeng Siqing , Liu Dong , Li Huan , Pan Jingshun , Zhu Ning , Liu Weiping , Li Zhaohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA highly efficient on-chip acousto-optic modulator is as a key component and occupies an exceptional position in microwave-to-optical conversion. Homogeneous thin-film lithium niobate is preferentially employed to build the suspended configuration for the acoustic resonant cavity, with the aim of improving the modulation efficiency of the device. However, the limited cavity length and complex fabrication recipe of the suspended prototype restrain further breakthroughs in modulation efficiency and impose challenges for waveguide fabrication. In this work, based on a nonsuspended thin-film lithium niobate-chalcogenide glass hybrid Mach–Zehnder interferometer waveguide platform, we propose and demonstrate a built-in push-pull acousto-optic modulator with a half-wave-voltage-length product VπL as low as 0.03 V cm that presents a modulation efficiency comparable to that of a state-of-the-art suspended counterpart. A microwave modulation link is demonstrated using our developed built-in push-pull acousto-optic modulator, which has the advantage of low power consumption. The nontrivial acousto-optic modulation performance benefits from the superior photoelastic property of the chalcogenide membrane and the completely bidirectional participation of the antisymmetric Rayleigh surface acoustic wave mode excited by the impedance-matched interdigital transducer, overcoming the issue of low modulation efficiency induced by the incoordinate energy attenuation of acoustic waves applied to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer with two arms in traditional push-pull acousto-optic modulators.
STAT1 is regulated by TRIM24 and promotes immunosuppression in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells, but enhances T cell antitumour immunity in the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Anderson Kelvin , Ryan Nathan , Nedungadi Divya , Lamenza Felipe , Swingler Michael , Siddiqui Arham , Satoskar Abhay , Upadhaya Puja , Pietrzak Maciej , Oghumu Steve 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant problem and is frequently resistant to current treatments. STAT1 is important in anti-tumour immune responses against HNSCC. However, the role of STAT1 expression by tumour cells and its regulation during HNSCC is unclear.

Methods
We determined the effects of STAT1 inhibition on tumour development and immunity in CAL27 and UMSCC22A HNSCC cell lines in vitro and in a HNSCC carcinogen-induced model in vivo.

Results
STAT1 siRNA knockdown in human HNSCC cells impaired their proliferation and expression of the immunosuppressive marker PD-L1. Stat1-deficient mice displayed increased oral lesion incidence and multiplicity during tumour carcinogenesis in vivo. Immunosuppressive markers PD-1 in CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 in monocytic MDSCs and macrophages were reduced in oral tumours and draining lymph nodes of tumour-bearing Stat1-deficient mice. However, STAT1 was required for anti-tumour functions of T cells during HNSCC in vivo. Finally, we identified TRIM24 to be a negative regulator of STAT1 that plays a similar tumorigenic function to STAT1 in vitro and thus may be a potential target when treating HNSCC.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that STAT1 activity plays an important role in tumorigenicity and immunosuppression during HNSCC development.
Regulation of BDNF transcription by Nrf2 and MeCP2 ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Cao Qianqian , Zou Qiuming , Zhao Xin , Zhang Yimin , Qu Youge , Wang Nanbu , Murayama Shigeo , Qi Qi , Hashimoto Kenji , Lin Song , Zhang Ji-chun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMounting evidence suggests the key role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) can regulate BDNF upregulation. However, the regulation of BDNF by Nrf2 and MeCP2 in the PD pathogenesis has not been reported. Here, we revealed that Nrf2/MeCP2 coordinately regulated BDNF transcription, reversing the decreased levels of BDNF expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. Repeated administration of sulforaphane (SFN, an Nrf2 activator) attenuated dopaminergic neurotoxicity in MPTP-treated mice through activation of BDNF and suppression of MeCP2 expression. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of MeCP2-HDO, a DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) silencing MeCP2 expression, ameliorated dopaminergic neurotoxicity in MPTP-treated mice via activation of Nrf2 and BDNF expression. Moreover, we found decreased levels of Nrf2 and BDNF, and increased levels of MeCP2 protein expression in the striatum of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Interesting, there were correlations between BDNF and Nrf2 (or MeCP2) expression in the striatum from DLB patients. Therefore, it is likely that the activation of BDNF transcription by activation of Nrf2 and/or suppression of MeCP2 could be a new therapeutic approach for PD.
A novel TP63 variant in a patient with ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defect–cleft lip/palate syndrome and Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome-like ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Hori Asuka , Migita Ohsuke , Isogawa Nobutaka , Takada Fumio , Hata Kenichiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnkyloblepharon-ectodermal defect–cleft lip/palate syndrome and Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome are well-known TP63-related autosomal-dominant genetic disorders with various similar ectodermal dysplasias. In this study, whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel, potentially pathogenic TP63 nonsense variant (NM_001114980.2:c.25 C > T: p.Gln9Ter) in a patient with an atypical clinical phenotype. This variant was detected near translation initiation sites and has an effect only on ΔNp63α, the short isoform protein product of the TP63 gene.
Machine learning sparse tight-binding parameters for defects
Authors: Schattauer Christoph , Todorović Milica , Ghosh Kunal , Rinke Patrick , Libisch Florian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe employ machine learning to derive tight-binding parametrizations for the electronic structure of defects. We test several machine learning methods that map the atomic and electronic structure of a defect onto a sparse tight-binding parameterization. Since Multi-layer perceptrons (i.e., feed-forward neural networks) perform best we adopt them for our further investigations. We demonstrate the accuracy of our parameterizations for a range of important electronic structure properties such as band structure, local density of states, transport and level spacing simulations for two common defects in single layer graphene. Our machine learning approach achieves results comparable to maximally localized Wannier functions (i.e., DFT accuracy) without prior knowledge about the electronic structure of the defects while also allowing for a reduced interaction range which substantially reduces calculation time. It is general and can be applied to a wide range of other materials, enabling accurate large-scale simulations of material properties in the presence of different defects.
Delegation to artificial agents fosters prosocial behaviors in the collective risk dilemma
Authors: Fernández Domingos Elias , Terrucha Inês , Suchon Rémi , Grujić Jelena , Burguillo Juan C. , Santos Francisco C. , Lenaerts Tom 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHome assistant chat-bots, self-driving cars, drones or automated negotiation systems are some of the several examples of autonomous (artificial) agents that have pervaded our society. These agents enable the automation of multiple tasks, saving time and (human) effort. However, their presence in social settings raises the need for a better understanding of their effect on social interactions and how they may be used to enhance cooperation towards the public good, instead of hindering it. To this end, we present an experimental study of human delegation to autonomous agents and hybrid human-agent interactions centered on a non-linear public goods dilemma with uncertain returns in which participants face a collective risk. Our aim is to understand experimentally whether the presence of autonomous agents has a positive or negative impact on social behaviour, equality and cooperation in such a dilemma. Our results show that cooperation and group success increases when participants delegate their actions to an artificial agent that plays on their behalf. Yet, this positive effect is less pronounced when humans interact in hybrid human-agent groups, where we mostly observe that humans in successful hybrid groups make higher contributions earlier in the game. Also, we show that participants wrongly believe that artificial agents will contribute less to the collective effort. In general, our results suggest that delegation to autonomous agents has the potential to work as commitment devices, which prevent both the temptation to deviate to an alternate (less collectively good) course of action, as well as limiting responses based on betrayal aversion.
First purified recombinant CYP75B including transmembrane helix with unexpected high substrate specificity to (2R)-naringenin
Authors: Hausjell Johanna , Weissensteiner Julia , Molitor Christian , Schlangen Karin , Spadiut Oliver , Halbwirth Heidi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnthochlor pigments (chalcones and aurones) play an important role in yellow flower colourization, the formation of UV-honey guides and show numerous health benefits. The B-ring hydroxylation of chalcones is performed by membrane bound cytochrome P450 enzymes. It was assumed that usual flavonoid 3′-hydroxlases (F3′Hs) are responsible for the 3,4- dihydroxy pattern of chalcones, however, we previously showed that a specialized F3′H, namely chalcone 3-hydroxylase (CH3H), is necessary for the hydroxylation of chalcones. In this study, a sequence encoding membrane bound CH3H from Dahlia variabilis was recombinantly expressed in yeast and a purification procedure was developed. The optimized purification procedure led to an overall recovery of 30% recombinant DvCH3H with a purity of more than 84%. The enzyme was biochemically characterized with regard to its kinetic parameters on various substrates, including racemic naringenin, as well as its enantiomers (2S)-, and (2R)-naringenin, apigenin and kaempferol. We report for the first time the characterization of a purified Cytochrome P450 enzyme from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, including the transmembrane helix. Further, we show for the first time that recombinant DvCH3H displays a higher affinity for (2R)-naringenin than for (2S)-naringenin, although (2R)-flavanones are not naturally formed by chalcone isomerase.