bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production cow-calf responses from perennial forage-based and integrated beef-cropping systems
Authors: Carlson Zac E , McPhillips Levi J , Erickson Galen E , Drewnoski Mary E , MacDonald Jim C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to measure production responses of an alternative cow-calf production system integrated into a cropping system without access to perennial forage compared to a traditional cow-calf system utilizing perennial forage. Multiparous, cross-bred beef cows (n = 160; average age = 6.2 ± 2.8 yr) were utilized in a randomized complete block experimental design and unstructured treatment design. Upon initiation, cows were blocked by age and stratified by source, assigned randomly to one of two production systems, each with four replicates (n = 20 cows/replicate). Once allotted to their treatment groups, cows remained in their experimental units for the duration of the experiment. Treatments were: 1) a traditional system consisting of April to May calving with smooth bromegrass pasture and grazed corn residue as forage resources (TRAD); 2) an alternative system consisting of July to August calving utilizing partial-drylot feeding, summer-planted oats, and corn residue grazing (ALT). There were no differences (P ≥ 0.27) in calving rates (91.8 vs. 86.7 ± 2.92%), pregnancy rates (89.3 vs. 89.9 ± 2.66%), and weaning rates (87.2 vs. 82.3 ± 3.29%) for TRAD vs. ALT, respectively. However, there was an increase (P = 0.04) in the rate of twin offspring in ALT (2.9 vs. 9.4 ± 2.36% for TRAD vs. ALT, respectively). One calf from the set of twins was selected randomly at birth to be removed from the experiment, so the production data are only from single calves. There was no difference (P = 0.47) in calf body weight at birth (40 vs. 39 ± 0.7 kg for TRAD vs. ALT, respectively). At weaning, calves in the ALT system were lighter (P &lt; 0.01) at the same day of age (184 vs. 229 ± 5.5 kg) compared to TRAD calves. Cows from the ALT system had fewer (P &lt; 0.01) kg weaned per cow exposed to bull (150 vs. 199 ± 7.2 kg) compared to TRAD cows. Apart from the twinning rate, no differences in reproductive performance were observed among systems. However, reduced weaning weights and kilogram of weaned calf per cow exposed may negatively impact revenue to the cow-calf enterprise of the ALT system.
Preconception Antidiabetic Drugs in Men and Birth Defects in Offspring: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Wensink Maarten J. , Lu Ying , Tian Lu , Shaw Gary M. , Rizzi Silvia , Jensen Tina Kold , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Skakkebæk Niels E. , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Ann Intern Med 2022;175:665–673)
Diabetes mellitus is known to compromise sperm quality and is associated with impaired male fertility. Metformin is a first-line oral diabetes medication that has been shown to improve markers of semen quality in obese men but reduces serum testosterone levels independently of glycemic control.
Impact of Using Abdominal Circumference Independently in the Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Pressman Katherine , Odibo Linda , Duncan Jose R. , Odibo Anthony O. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from J Ultrasound Med 2022;41:157–162)
Screening for fetal growth restriction (FGR) to identify those fetuses at increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes has been difficult. Investigators have defined FGR in different ways, which has complicated efforts to validate results.
The Frequency and Outcomes of Nerve Palsies in Operatively Treated Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Norrell Kirsten N. , Muolo Connor E. , Sherman Ashley K. , Sinclair Micah K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
A high index of suspicion for nerve palsy is essential in the setting of a displaced supracondylar humerus fracture (SCHF) with careful attention to the examination. We hypothesize that nerve injuries are more prevalent in higher energy type III and flexion SCHFs compared with type II fractures.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of 1085 operatively treated SCHFs in pediatric patients, aged 0 to 14 years, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. There were 979 patients eligible for analysis. Exclusion criteria included follow-up <3 weeks, polytrauma, pathologic fracture, and prior fracture of the ipsilateral elbow.

Results:
The overall rate of nerve injury was 10.6% (104/979). A significant difference in the rate of nerve palsy was identified between fracture types: 0.9% type II, 19.3% type III, and 10.7% flexion type SCHFs (P<0.001). Median nerve palsy was the most common (n=65). An increased rate of ulnar nerve palsy was observed in flexion type SCHFs. The rate of nerve palsy was higher in the medial pin group (14.9%, P=0.035) but no significant association with iatrogenic ulnar nerve palsy was present. In type III and flexion SCHFs, operative time >60 minutes (P=0.023) and the need for open reduction (P=0.012) were significantly associated with postoperative nerve palsy. Referral to therapy was required in 30.8% of patients with a nerve palsy compared with 7.9% of patients without (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Longer operative times, need for open reduction, and significantly higher rates of nerve palsy among type III and flexion SCHFs are best explained by the unstable nature of the fracture and greater degree of soft tissue trauma. Given prolonged duration of follow-up and more frequent need for therapy demonstrated in patients with a nerve palsy, these data can be used to improve counseling for families and patients after displaced SCHF.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Predicting the risk of clinically significant intraocular lens tilt and decentration in vitrectomized eyes
Authors: Zhang Jiaqing , Han Xiaotong , Zhang Miao , Liu Zhenzhen , Chen Xiaoyun , Qiu Xiaozhang , Lin Haowen , Li Jiaqing , Liu Bingqian , Zhang Chun , Wei Yantao , Jin Guangming , Tan Xuhua , Luo Lixia 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To identify predictors and develop a prognostic nomogram for clinically significant intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration in vitrectomized eyes.

Setting:
Zhongshan ophthalmic center, Guangzhou, China.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Methods:
Patients with previous pars plana vitrectomy who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation were enrolled in this study. The tilt and decentration of the lens and IOL were assessed by a swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA2). Multiple logistic regression analysis and prognostic nomogram models were used to explore factors associated with clinically significant IOL tilt and decentration (defined as tilt ≥7 degrees and decentration ≥0.4 mm).

Results:
375 patients (375 eyes) with a mean age of 56.1 ± 9.81 years were included. Lens tilt (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44), lens decentration (OR = 1.74), lens diameter (OR = 0.49), and hydrophilic IOL (OR = 2.36) were associated with IOL tilt over 7 degrees (all P < .05). Lens tilt (OR = 1.24), lens decentration (OR = 2.30), and incomplete capsulorhexis–IOL overlap (OR = 2.44) increased the risk of IOL decentration over 0.4 mm (all P < .05). Preoperative lens tilt together with lens decentration was identified as the strongest predictor of incident clinically significant IOL tilt (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.76-0.88) and decentration (AUC: 0.84, 95% CI, 0.78-0.89), and the nomogram was constructed accordingly.

Conclusions:
The tilt and decentration of the crystalline lens, hydrophilic IOL, and incomplete capsulorhexis–IOL overlap were risk factors for clinically significant IOL misalignment. Clinicians could use a prognostic nomogram model based on the preoperative lens position to make a strategy for higher-risk patients.
The Effect of Intradialytic Range of Motion Exercise on Dialysis Adequacy and Fatigue in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: MALINI Hema , FORWATY Erni , CLEARY Michelle , VISENTIN Denis , OKTARINA Elvi , LENGGOGENI Devia Putri 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Many hemodialysis patients experience fatigue as a result of not achieving dialysis adequacy.

Purpose
This study was designed to determine the effect of intradialytic range-of-motion exercises on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods
In this two-arm experimental study with repeated measures, participants were allocated to treatment (n = 25, 23 completed) and control (n = 25, 24 completed) groups using computerized simple random sampling. Participants in the treatment group performed 30-minute weekly intradialytic exercise sessions in addition to receiving standard care, whereas those in the control group received standard care only.

Results
Fatigue and dialysis characteristics were reported at baseline, at the midpoint (end of Week 4), and at the end of Week 8. Whereas mean Kt/V (dialysis adequacy) and urea reduction ratio increased and the fatigue level decreased in the treatment group, these variables did not change in the control group. Significant mean differences in Kt/V, urea reduction ratio, and fatigue between the groups were observed at the end of Week 8.

Conclusions
Intradialytic range-of-motion exercises are recommended for patients undergoing hemodialysis to increase dialysis adequacy and reduce fatigue.
The Psychological Benefits of Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Kam Olivia , Na Sean , La Sala Michael , Tejeda Christina I. , Koola Maju Mathew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of this review is to shed light on the literature regarding the psychological impact of invasive cosmetic surgery and to discuss future implications for research and clinical practice. Articles published through October 2021 were reviewed to answer the question, “Does cosmetic surgery improve a patient's overall psychological health?” Psychological well-being was examined through the lens of body image, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression scores. The studies revealed that although cosmetic surgery seems to boost patients' body image, other crucial aspects of psychological well-being may or may not similarly benefit. Notably, factors such as a patient's preoperative mental status, level of education, type of cosmetic procedure, postoperative healing time, sex, and age play a role in determining the direction and magnitude of psychological change after surgery. Limitations include the lack of diversity in study populations and the potential role of body dysmorphic disorder. Overall, researchers have concluded that cosmetic surgery improves body image but remain in disagreement on its effects on self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.
The Use and Safety of Leave From an Acute Inpatient Psychiatry Unit
Authors: Hristidis Vasilis C. , Cáceda Ricardo , Kim Ji Soo , Bronson Brian , Hill Emily A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Leave passes provide authorized leave for hospitalized patients from a psychiatric inpatient unit. Although providing day passes was once a relatively common practice, there are relatively few data describing their safety and efficacy. This descriptive study examines the use of leave passes in an adult inpatient unit at a university hospital between 2017 and 2021, with attention to reasons for granting the day pass, duration, and outcome of the pass. During the study period, 10 patients with primary psychotic or mood disorders received 12 passes for housing coordination, COVID-19 vaccination, or major family events. There were no fatalities or abscondments. One patient experienced severe agitation and engaged in nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior. A second patient showed mild, redirectable psychomotor agitation upon return to the unit. The remaining 10 passes were uneventful. Our findings support the view that patients with diverse diagnoses can safely be provided leave from an inpatient setting with adequate planning and support, yielding a low incidence of adverse events.
Reduced Reproductive Success Is Associated With Selective Constraint on Human Genes
Authors: Gardner Eugene J. , Neville Matthew D. C. , Samocha Kaitlin E. , Barclay Kieron , Kolk Martin , Niemi Mari E. K. , Kirov George , Martin Hilary C. , Hurles Matthew E. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Nature 2022;603:858–863)
The genetic variants, gene deletions, and protein-truncating variants (PTVs) with the most significant negative effect are removed from the population by selection with strength that varies substantially between genes. A subset of approximately 3000 genes has been studied because they carry the highest probability of loss-of-function intolerance.
Outcomes of Single-Dose Empirical Antibiotic Treatment in Children With Suspected Sepsis Implemented in the Emergency Department
Authors: Khanthathasiri Suwimon , Kriengsoontornkij Worapant , Monsomboon Apichaya , Phongsamart Wanatpreeya , Lapphra Keswadee , Wittawatmongkol Orasri , Rungmaitree Supattra , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
Implementing a single-dose empirical antibiotic (SDEA) strategy at the emergency department (ED) in children with suspected sepsis may improve outcomes. We aim to evaluate the outcomes of the SDEA strategy for children with suspected sepsis at the ED in a tertiary care center in Bangkok.

Methods
Children who met the predefined checklist screening criteria for suspected sepsis were administered single-dose intravenous cefotaxime 100 mg/kg, or meropenem 40 mg/kg if they were immunocompromised or recently hospitalized. The medical records of children diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock caused by bacterial or organ-associated bacterial infections before and after implementation of the SDEA strategy were reviewed.

Results
A total of 126 children with sepsis before and 127 after implementation of the SDEA strategy were included in the analysis. The time from hospital arrival to antibiotic initiation was significantly reduced after implementation of the SDEA strategy: median, 241 (110–363) minutes before versus 89 (62–132) minutes after (P < 0.001), with an increased number of patients starting antibiotics within 3 hours of hospital arrival: 42.1% vs 85.0% (P < 0.001). Comparing before and after SDEA implementation, children receiving SDEA had a shorter median duration of antibiotic therapy: 7 (5–13.3) versus 5 (3–7) days (P = 0.001), shorter length of hospital stay: 10 (6–16.3) versus 7 (4–11) days (P = 0.001), and fewer intensive care unit admissions: 30 (23.8%) versus 17 (13.4%; P = 0.036); however, mortality was not different: 3 (2.4%) in both groups. In multivariate analysis, SDEA strategy was the independent factor associated with reduced intensive care unit admission or death. Adherence to SDEA was 91.4%. Single-dose empirical antibiotic was retrospectively considered not necessary for 22 children (11.9%), mostly diagnosed with viral infections afterward.

Conclusions
Single-dose empirical antibiotic at the ED is an effective strategy to reduce the time from hospital arrival to antibiotic initiation and can help improve outcomes of sepsis in children.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians' Perceptions of Colleagues' Clinical Performance Over Career Span
Authors: Henretig Fred M. , Wood Joanne N. , Shea Judy A. , Schapira Marilyn M. , Ruddy Richard M. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The US physician workforce is aging, prompting concerns regarding clinical performance of senior physicians. Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) is a high-acuity, multitasking, diagnostically complex and procedurally demanding specialty. Aging's impact on clinical performance in PEM has not been examined. We aimed to assess PEM physician's' perceptions of peers' clinical performance over career span.

Methods
We surveyed 478 PEM physician members of the American Academy of Pediatrics' Section on Emergency Medicine survey study list-serve in 2020. The survey was designed by the investigators with iterative input from colleagues. Respondents rated, using a 5-point Likert scale, the average performance of 4 age categories of PEM physicians in 9 clinical competencies. Additional items included concerns about colleague's performance and preferences for age of physician managing a critically ill child family member.

Results
We received 232 surveys with responses to core initial items (adjusted response rate, 49%). Most respondents were 36 to 49 (34.9%) or 50 to 64 (47.0%) years old. Fifty-three percent reported ever having concern about a colleague's performance. For critical care–related competencies, fewer respondents rated the ≥65-year age group as very good or excellent compared with midcareer physicians (36–49 or 50–64 years old). The ratings for difficult communications with families were better for those 65 years or older than those 35 years or younger. Among 129 of 224 respondents (58%) indicating a preferred age category for a colleague managing a critically ill child relative, most (69%) preferred a 36 to 49-year-old colleague.

Conclusions
Pediatric emergency medicine physicians' perceptions of peers' clinical performance demonstrated differences by peer age group. Physicians 65 years or older were perceived to perform less well than those 36 to 64 years old in procedural and multitasking skills. However, senior physicians were perceived as performing as well if not better than younger peers in communication skills. Further study of age-related PEM clinical performance with objective measures is warranted.
A New Baseline: Master of Public Health Education Shifting to Meet Public Health Needs
Authors: Meredith Genevive R. , Welter Christina R. , Risley Kris , Seweryn Steven M. , Altfeld Susan , Jarpe-Ratner Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2022

Context:
Schools and programs of public health have been preparing graduates to join the workforce for a century, but significant gaps in numbers and abilities exit. Many have called for a change to the status quo, to transform public health education to create a competent workforce able to address current and emergent needs.

Objective:
This study explored if Master of Public Health (MPH) programs have shifted their program design, curriculum, and/or instructional methods (instructional design), and if so, how and why.

Design:
A sequential mixed-methods study.

Setting:
MPH programs accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health, and approved applicants.

Participants:
Some 43% of accredited MPH programs in the United States (n = 115) responded to the online survey (open November 21, 2019-December 20, 2019), providing a representative sample. Stratified purposeful sampling was used to select 8 MPH programs for follow-up semistructured interviews. Categorical and qualitative data were analyzed for trends, association, and themes.

Main Outcome Measures:
Degree of, types of, and reasons for shifts in MPH program instructional design considered and implemented.

Results:
MPH programs in the United States have shifted their approaches and curriculum to meet identified and emergent workforce needs. In the last 5 years, 81% made changes to program design (focal competencies, admissions, graduation criteria), 88% to curriculum (added or removed courses, changed course content), and 65% to pedagogical methods (where and how learning is supported).

Conclusions:
Despite concerns about stagnation, MPH programs have shifted to competency-based education aligned with workforce needs, have adapted approaches to support diversity of future workers, and are focused on bolstering workforce readiness. These changes were made to enhance focus on knowledge acquisition, skills building, and professionalism, factors recognized as critical for success, and facilitate more engaged pedagogical strategies, working with communities for impact.
Bmp5 Mutation Alters circRNA Expression During Embryonic External Ear Development
Authors: Liu Wei , Lin Lin , Wang Qiushi , Yang Qinghua , Jiang Haiyue 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:

Bmp5 mutation can lead to microtia in mice models; however, its underlying mechanism is unclear. We analyzed circular RNA (circRNA) expression changes and associated gene regulation during embryonic development of the mouse’s external ear after a point mutation occurred naturally in the BMP5 gene. The outer ear tissues of BMP5 short-eared mouse model embryos at embryonic day (E) 15.5 and E17.5 were subjected to RNA sequencing. Changes in the circRNA expression profile were detected using find_circ and the CiRi2 software. Differentially expressed circRNAs were annotated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. The circRNA expression profile differed between wild-type and mutant mouse embryos. At E15.5, differentially expressed RNAs were involved in the Hippo signaling pathway, whereas those at E17.5 were associated with stem cell pluripotency. Therefore, circRNA is involved in regulating embryonic external ear development, thus providing a basis for studying the biological aspect of its regulation.
Bioresorbable Implants in Reduction of Paediatric Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures Concurrent With Internal Orbital Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Yiping , Sun Jing , Li Zhengkang , Deng Yuan 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of bioresorbable implants for treating paediatric zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures with concomitant orbital floor defects.

Methods:
A retrospective review of paediatric patients who underwent ZMC repair with concomitant orbital floor fractures with bioresorbable implants in Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital from July 2015 to June 2019 was performed. The primary outcome measures included ocular motility, diplopia, enophthalmos, facial deformities, and restricted mouth opening, as well as complication rates. Pre- and post-operative computed tomography scans were obtained for clinical diagnosis and surgical effectiveness.

Results:
Twenty two children were included in this study. Facial deformities were corrected in all 22 cases by surgical reconstruction postoperatively, and the average relative distance of Portals point-Zygomaxillare and Anteriornasalspine-Zygomaxillare were 1.3 ± 0.6mm (P = 0.22) and 1.2 ± 0.5mm (P = 0.19). The eye movement restored to normal in 13 patients. The mean amount of relative enophthalmos was 1.0 ± 0.4 mm (P = 0.12). 12 cases had complete resolution of diplopia postoperatively at the extremes of the gaze, and 1 case presented persistent diplopia on the down gaze as before, but from level III to level I. Facial numbness was resolved completely in 6 cases, and 2 cases presented with persistent numbness but relieved significantly. The average Hounsfield units of RapidSorb plates and OrbFloor PI were 154 ± 5 and 99 ± 4 respectively on computed tomography image obtained 1 week postoperatively, which showed no obvious difference compared with 0.5 year postoperatively (P > 0.1). Hounsfield units of implants gradually declined around 1 year postoperatively. Hounsfield units of RapidSorb plates (20 ± 1) were consistent with periorbital tissue during postoperative 2-year follow-up, and Hounsfield units of OrbFloor PI (19 ± 1) were consistent with periorbital tissue during postoperative 1.5-year follow-up. No patients had severe sequelae or implant related complications postoperatively. None of bone nonunion, malunion, infection or rejection occurred during the follow-up periods.

Conclusions:
Open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of ZMC fracture have achieved significant improvement in functional and cosmetic outcomes postoperatively. Bioresorbable materials have been proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of children’s ZMC and orbital wall fractures.