bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical‐Driven Outflow of Dissociated Amyloid Burden from Brain to Blood
Authors: Lee Donghee , Kim Hyunjin Vincent , Kim Hye Yun , Kim YoungSoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is a primary biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Aβ measurement for AD diagnosis mostly depends on brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Blood Aβ can become a reliable surrogate biomarker if issues of low concentration for conventional laboratory instruments and uncertain correlation with brain Aβ are solved. Here, brain‐to‐blood efflux of Aβ is stimulated in AD transgenic mice by orally administrating a chemical that dissociates amyloid plaques and observing the subsequent increase of blood Aβ concentration. 5XFAD transgenic and wild‐type mice of varying ages and genders are prepared, and blood samples of each mouse are collected six times for 12 weeks; three weeks of no treatment and additional nine weeks of daily oral administration, ad libitum, of Aβ plaque‐dissociating chemical agent. By the dissociation of Aβ aggregates, the altered levels of plasma Aβ distinguish between transgenic and wild‐type mice, displaying potential as an amyloid burden marker of AD brains.
Ionically Conductive Tunnels in h‐WO3 Enable High‐Rate NH4+ Storage
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Liang Jin , Huang Zihao , Wang Qian , Zhu Guoyin , Dong Shengyang , Liang Hanfeng , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCompared to the commonly applied metallic ion charge carriers (e.g., Li+ and Na+), batteries using nonmetallic charge carriers (e.g., H+ and NH4+) generally have much faster kinetics and high‐rate capability thanks to the small hydrated ionic sizes and nondiffusion control topochemistry. However, the hosts for nonmetallic charge carriers are still limited. In this work, it is suggested that mixed ionic–electronic conductors can serve as a promising host for NH4+ storage. Using hexagonal tungsten oxide (h‐WO3) as an example, it is shown that the existence of ionic conductive tunnels greatly promotes the high‐rate NH4+ storage. Specifically, a much higher capacity of 82 mAh g–1 at 1 A g–1 is achieved on h‐WO3, in sharp contrast to 14 mAh g–1 of monoclinic tungsten oxide (m‐WO3). In addition, unlike layered materials, the insertion and desertion of NH4+ ions are confined within the tunnels of the h‐WO3, which minimizes the damage to the crystal structure. This leads to outstanding stability of up to 200 000 cycles with 68% capacity retention at a high current of 20 A g–1.
Image‐Guided Magnetic Thermoseed Navigation and Tumor Ablation Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging System
Authors: Baker Rebecca R. , Payne Christopher , Yu Yichao , Mohseni Matin , Connell John J. , Lin Fangyu , Harrison Ian F. , Southern Paul , Rudrapatna Umesh S. , Stuckey Daniel J. , Kalber Tammy L. , Siow Bernard , Thorne Lewis , Punwani Shonit , Jones Derek K. , Emberton Mark , Pankhurst Quentin A. , Lythgoe Mark F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMedical therapies achieve their control at expense to the patient in the form of a range of toxicities, which incur costs and diminish quality of life. Magnetic resonance navigation is an emergent technique that enables image‐guided remote‐control of magnetically labeled therapies and devices in the body, using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Minimally INvasive IMage‐guided Ablation (MINIMA), a novel, minimally invasive, MRI‐guided ablation technique, which has the potential to avoid traditional toxicities, is presented. It comprises a thermoseed navigated to a target site using magnetic propulsion gradients generated by an MRI scanner, before inducing localized cell death using an MR‐compatible thermoablative device. The authors demonstrate precise thermoseed imaging and navigation through brain tissue using an MRI system (0.3 mm), and they perform thermoablation in vitro and in vivo within subcutaneous tumors, with the focal ablation volume finely controlled by heating duration. MINIMA is a novel theranostic platform, combining imaging, navigation, and heating to deliver diagnosis and therapy in a single device.
Reduced creeping bentgrass fairway reflectance following synthetic colorant application
Authors: Leiby Nathaniel L. , Schlossberg Maxim J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRepeated measures using multispectral radiometry resolutely quantify canopy attributes of identical turfgrass cultivars under similar management. Concern regarding multispectral radiometric characterization of turfgrass canopies <24 h following synthetic phthalocyanine colorant application has been affirmed and is accordingly now avoided; yet explicit guidance on subsequent employ, at time(s) > 24‐h postapplication, is lacking. Our objective assessed how petroleum‐derived spray oil (PDSO) and synthetic Cu II phthalocyanine colorant (CPC) combination product influences creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) reflectance up to 10 d following application. A maintained fairway received semimonthly 9.76 kg ha–1 soluble N treatments alone or in combination with 27 L PDSO+CPC ha–1. Treatment by PDSO+CPC increased mean shoot growth (kg ha–1) and dark green color index (DGCI) calculated by visible waveband reflectance. Yet reduced far red and near infrared reflectance from PDSO+CPC treated plots artificially deflated mean normalized differential vegetative indices. Cautious interpretation of vegetative indices relying on 710‐to‐810‐nm canopy reflectance is encouraged when evaluating fairways treated by PDSO and Cu II phthalocyanine combination product(s).
What you see is what you get, and what you don't goes unsold: Choice overload and purchasing heuristics in a horticulture lab experiment
Authors: Staples Aaron , Behe Bridget K. , Huddleston Patricia , Malone Trey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThough choice overload has been extensively studied in packaged products, fewer studies have explored these phenomena in minimally packaged agribusiness products such as potted plants. This matters as these products are heterogeneous not only across product categories but also within the same plant genus, changing the baseline cognitive load for consumer decision‐making. This study uses eye‐tracking technology to explore how increases in the number of options presented in potted plant retail displays affects visual attention and consumer choice by expanding cognitive load. In a within‐subjects design, participants completed six choice tasks, indicating their likelihood to buy their most preferred alternative. As display size increased, participants ignored a larger percentage of the display, engaged in common choice patterns, and spent a lower percentage of their gaze sequence fixated on their selected alternative. [EconLit Citations: C91, D91, Q13]
Aggregating particles on the O/W interface: Tuning Pickering emulsion for the enhanced drug delivery systems
Authors: Ming Yali , Xia Yufei , Ma Guanghui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rational design of drug delivery systems has led to enhanced targeting, increased efficiency, and a reduction of side effects in chemotherapies and vaccines. As most biological reactions took place at the interface, particle‐stabilized emulsion (Pickering emulsion), may offer major implications for the advanced drug loading, delivery, and controlled release. In fact, it is the aggregating particles that determined the multi‐level structure, multi‐valent cellular interactions, and the multi‐functional physiochemical properties in drug delivery. A deeper understanding on the tunable aggregating patterns and properties, as well as the underlying mechanisms, may pave the way for the efficient drug delivery, and also aided the progressing of “Aggregology” beyond molecules to particles, emulsions, and the biomedical applications. Here, the recent development of Pickering emulsions and their applications in drug delivery were thoroughly reviewed. Strategies to control over the physiochemical properties were illustrated based on particle properties, energy input, and the choices of continuous and dispersion phases. In particular, enough emphasis was attached on the structure‐effect relationship between the tunable physiochemical properties and the delivery process, such as the multi‐level structure for effective loading, flexibility and permeability for enhanced delivery, and the stimuli‐responsiveness for the controlled release. By channeling the unique interfacial properties and the enhanced drug delivery efficiency, this work may shed light on the rational design of Pickering emulsions for the efficient drug delivery.
Droplet microfluidic networks as hybrid dynamical systems: Inlet spacing optimization for sorting of drops
Authors: Sankar E. M. Arun , Rengaswamy Raghunathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ability to manipulate drops is essential for integrating multiple processes in droplet microfluidics‐based lab‐on‐a‐chip devices. Examples of such droplet manipulation operations include sorting, sequencing, synchronization, and so forth. Microfluidic networks are promising platforms for performing these functionalities. This work explores the design of entry times of drops, a set of operating parameters, in a microfluidic network to achieve a desired functionality. Here, we specifically focus on sorting of drops at the exit of the network. For the first time, droplet microfluidic networks are perceived as hybrid dynamical systems. This viewpoint allows us to develop a methodology for designing the entry times of drops in microfluidic networks to achieve desired functionalities through the notion of constraint satisfaction. The solution to this constraint satisfaction problem provides entry times that result in the desired functionality. The proposed method allows one to establish the existence/nonexistence of entry time solutions for a desired functionality.
Clinical application of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosome abnormalities in a cohort of 39,580 pregnancies
Authors: Chen Yisheng , Lu Loukaiyi , Zhang Ying , Wang Feifei , Ni Yinghua , Wang Qiang , Ying Chunmei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT‐plus) for fetal chromosome abnormalities in the second trimester (12–26 weeks). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 39,580 pregnancies with NIPT‐plus. Screening positive cases were diagnosed with karyotyping and single‐nucleotide polymorphism array analysis (SNP array)/copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq) with follow‐up. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of trisomy 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, and T13), sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs), and microdeletion and microduplication syndromes (MMS) by NIPT‐plus were recorded. We assessed the predictive value of NIPT‐plus based on maternal age and conventional indications. Of 39,580 pregnancies with NIPT‐plus, 511 (1.3%) had prenatal screening positive results of fetal chromosome abnormality, of which 87.7% (448/511) had invasive prenatal diagnosis. NIPT‐plus performed better in predicting fetal SCAs and chromosome aneuploidies for pregnancies with advanced maternal age (AMA) than young maternal age (YMA). Besides, the PPVs of T21, T13, and chromosome aneuploidies showed an upward trend when comparison was based on maternal age in 5‐year subintervals. The termination rates of 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, and 47,XYY were 100% (11/11), 20.0% (3/15), 91.7% (22/24), and 7.1% (1/14) with postnatal follow‐up. Last but not least, the PPV for MMS is 41.7% (30/72), which may have a positive correlation between the size of CNVs. Pregnant women with screen‐positive results for common trisomies (T13, T18, and T21) were more willing to conduct invasive prenatal diagnosis compared to those with positive results for SCAs or MMS. However, the current study demonstrated SCAs and MMS had the lowest PPV. This highlights the importance of confirmatory prenatal diagnosis in those patients and the potential impact on genetic counseling and informative decision‐making.
Patient‐reported prevalence of gastrointestinal issues in the adult skeletal dysplasia population with a concentration on osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: LoTurco Holly M. , Carter Erin M. , McInerney Deborah E. , Raggio Cathleen L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatient‐reported concerns indicate that gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations affect the skeletal dysplasia population, but quantitative information regarding prevalence and severity of GI issues is limited. We examined the frequency and characteristics of GI symptoms in adults with skeletal dysplasias by reviewing 101 responses to the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Participant demographics, medication history, and ambulatory status were collected from medical records. Compared to published GSRS reference data, our cohort scored higher on reflux, diarrhea, and total scores, and lower on abdominal pain and indigestion scores; none of these differences were statistically significant. Although osteogenesis imperfecta respondents had more severe symptoms across all domains, only reflux reached significance (p = 0.009). Scores in patients with achondroplasia were higher for indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, and total scores and lower on abdominal pain and reflux scores than the general population; only the diarrhea score was significant (p = 0.034). There were no statistically significant differences in any of the domain or total GSRS scores across ambulatory status groups. Increased height correlated with worse abdominal pain domain score (p = 0.033). The number of medications positively correlated with total GSRS score (p = 0.013). Future studies should include larger numbers of individuals to allow a more in‐depth analysis of patient‐reported symptoms and signs within this population.
Iodine‐Catalysed Dissolution of Elemental Gold in Ethanol
Authors: Zupanc Anže , Heliövaara Eeva , Moslova Karina , Eronen Aleksi , Kemell Marianna , Podlipnik Črtomir , Jereb Marjan , Repo Timo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGold is a scarce element in the Earth's crust but indispensable in modern electronic devices. New, sustainable methods of gold recycling are essential to meet the growing eco‐social demand of gold. Here, we describe a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally benign dissolution of gold under mild conditions. Gold dissolves quantitatively in ethanol using 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole as a ligand in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine. Mechanistically, the dissolution of gold begins when I2 oxidizes Au0 and forms a [AuII2]− species, which undergoes subsequent ligand‐exchange reactions and forms a stable bis‐ligand AuI complex. H2O2 oxidizes free iodide and regenerated I2 returns back to the catalytic cycle. Addition of a reductant to the reaction mixture precipitates gold quantitatively and partially regenerates the ligand. We anticipate our work will open a new pathway to more sustainable metal recycling with the utilization of just catalytic amounts of reagents and green solvents.
Dominance of Cyclobutadienyl Over Cyclopentadienyl in the Crystal Field Splitting in Dysprosium Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Durrant James P. , Day Benjamin M. , Tang Jinkui , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Layfield Richard A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReplacing a monoanionic cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand in dysprosium single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) with a dianionic cyclobutadienyl (Cb) ligand in the sandwich complexes [(η4‐Cb′′′′)Dy(η5‐C5Me4tBu)(BH4)]− (1), [(η4‐Cb′′′′)Dy(η8‐Pn†)K(THF)] (2) and [(η4‐Cb′′′′)Dy(η8‐Pn†)]− (3) leads to larger energy barriers to magnetization reversal (Cb′′′′=C4(SiMe3)4, Pn†=1,4‐di(tri‐isopropylsilyl)pentalenyl). Short distances to the Cb′′′′ ligands and longer distances to the Cp ligands in 1–3 are consistent with the crystal field splitting being dominated by the former. Theoretical analysis shows that the magnetic axes in the ground Kramers doublets of 1–3 are oriented towards the Cb′′′′ ligands. The theoretical axiality parameter and the relative axiality parameter Z and Zrel are introduced to facilitate comparisons of the SMM performance of 1–3 with a benchmark SMM. Increases in Z and Zrel when Cb′′′ replaces Cp signposts a route to SMMs with properties that could surpass leading systems.
An edible erodible semi‐interpenetrating polymer network as a microcapsule shell to protect probiotic bacteria during reconstitution of powdered infant formula at elevated temperatures
Authors: Penhasi Adel , Baluashvili Israel , Shalev Deborah E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProbiotic bacteria (PB) are added to some powdered infant formula (PIF) to fortify their composition and to make them more similar to human breast milk. However, the effectiveness of the probiotics may disappear when PIF is reconstituted at 70°C according to the WHO guidelines designated to destroy possible contaminants. We present a unique microencapsulation technique to effectively protect Bifidobacterium breve M‐16 V (B. breve) during the reconstitution process at 70°C, to enable their incorporation into PIF. The microcapsules were prepared by a wet granulation process to encompass the bacteria within a core matrix which was subsequently coated by two consecutive protective layers including an edible erodible semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) as the outer layer. The semi‐IPN sample films and the final microcapsules were characterized using different analytical methods. The survival of the microencapsulated bacteria during reconstitution in hot water (70°C) was evaluated and compared to that of the free bacteria. While the viability of the free bacteria was significantly reduced during the reconstitution process, the microencapsulated bacteria maintained high viability. The degree of PB protection was strongly influenced by the structure of the microcapsules, the composition and thickness of the semi‐IPN layer, and the content of the bacteria.
Probability that there is a mammalian counterpart of cardiac clock in insects
Authors: Kodirov Sodikdjon A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhether or not the hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated nonselective cation channel (HCN or funny currentIf) is involved in pacemaking − recurrent heartbeat, it is attributed to electrical activities in all excitable cells, including those of invertebrates. In latter group of animals prevailingly the electrical signals and function of heart in terms of chrono‐ and inotropy are elucidated. Although in simpler models including insects experimental outcomes are reproducible and robust, involvement of “cardiac clock” mechanism in pacemaking is not conclusive. In this assay, the mechanisms of heartbeat are synthesized by focused comparisons between insect and mammalian hearts.
2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Grayson Peter C. , Ponte Cristina , Suppiah Ravi , Robson Joanna C. , Craven Anthea , Judge Andrew , Khalid Sara , Hutchings Andrew , Luqmani Raashid A. , Watts Richard A. , Merkel Peter A. ,   for the DCVAS Study Group
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo develop and validate revised classification criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).MethodsPatients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in 5 phases: 1) identification of candidate criteria items using consensus methodology, 2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, 3) data‐driven reduction of the number of candidate items, 4) expert panel review of cases to define the reference diagnosis, and 5) derivation of a points‐based risk score for disease classification in a development set using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, with subsequent validation of performance characteristics in an independent set of cases and comparators.ResultsThe development set for EGPA consisted of 107 cases of EGPA and 450 comparators. The validation set consisted of an additional 119 cases of EGPA and 437 comparators. From 91 candidate items, regression analysis identified 11 items for EPGA, 7 of which were retained. The final criteria and their weights were as follows: maximum eosinophil count ≥1 × 109/liter (+5), obstructive airway disease (+3), nasal polyps (+3), cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) or anti–proteinase 3 ANCA positivity (−3), extravascular eosinophilic predominant inflammation (+2), mononeuritis multiplex/motor neuropathy not due to radiculopathy (+1), and hematuria (−1). After excluding mimics of vasculitis, a patient with a diagnosis of small‐ or medium‐vessel vasculitis could be classified as having EGPA if the cumulative score was ≥6 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the sensitivity was 85% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 77–91%) and the specificity was 99% (95% CI 98–100%).ConclusionThe 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for EGPA demonstrate strong performance characteristics and are validated for use in research.
Fault estimation and fault tolerant control for linear stochastic uncertain systems
Authors: Ding Bo , Xu Zhidong , Zhang Tianping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the fault estimation and fault tolerant control (FTC) problems for linear stochastic uncertain systems. By introducing the fictitious noise, the fault is augmented as part of the systems state, and then a robust estimator is proposed to simultaneously obtain the state and fault estimation. Based on the estimated information, the active FTC is presented to eliminate the impact of the fault. Finally, a simulation example is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our main method.
X‐exoplanets coronal models and planet photoevaporation
Authors: Sanz‐Forcada Jorge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh‐energy emission photons in the X‐ray and EUV bands ionize H and other atoms, posing a threat to the stability of the atmospheres of short‐period exoplanets orbiting late‐type stars. Effects such as planet atmospheric evaporation are being attributed in the last years to XUV stellar irradiation on the planets. Early theoretical works tried to model how the XUV emission would affect the planetary atmospheres, mainly by using the solar emission as a template. In X‐exoplanets, we reported for the first time coronal models based on actual data from the exoplanet host stars. The use of coronal models allows us to model the SED of the XUV emission of these stars, otherwise inaccessible to current telescopes. In this manuscript, I present the use of these models with datasets of different data quality, depending on the availability of low or high spectral resolution spectra in both X‐rays and UV. Comparison with actual data is shown for the exoplanet host star Proxima Cen and the Sun. The challenges for the future use of coronal models in exoplanet atmospheres are discussed, involving mainly the use of new EUV and X‐ray spectrographs, better atomic models, and more accurate planet atmosphere evolution models.