bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression between callosal and ipsilateral projection neurons in the monkey dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices
Authors: Arion Dominique , Enwright John F , Gonzalez-Burgos Guillermo , Lewis David A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReciprocal connections between primate dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and posterior parietal (PPC) cortices, furnished by subsets of layer 3 pyramidal neurons (PNs), contribute to cognitive processes including working memory (WM). A different subset of layer 3 PNs in each region projects to the homotopic region of the contralateral hemisphere. These ipsilateral (IP) and callosal (CP) projections, respectively, appear to be essential for the maintenance and transfer of information during WM. To determine if IP and CP layer 3 PNs in each region differ in their transcriptomes, fluorescent retrograde tracers were used to label IP and CP layer 3 PNs in the DLPFC and PPC from macaque monkeys. Retrogradely-labeled PNs were captured by laser microdissection and analyzed by RNAseq. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between IP and CP neurons in each region and the functional pathways containing many of these DEGs were shared across regions. However, DLPFC and PPC displayed opposite patterns of DEG enrichment between IP and CP neurons. Cross-region analyses indicated that the cortical area targeted by IP or CP layer 3 PNs was a strong correlate of their transcriptome profile. These findings suggest that the transcriptomes of layer 3 PNs reflect regional, projection type and target region specificity.
The hyper-brain neural couplings distinguishing high-creative group dynamics: an fNIRS hyperscanning study
Authors: Lu Kelong , Gao Zhenni , Wang Xinyue , Qiao Xinuo , He Yingyao , Zhang Yu , Hao Ning 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis hyperscanning study aimed to identify a neural coupling profile that distinguishes high-creative group dynamics through functional near infrared spectroscopy. A total of 123 dyads completed one creativity task (alternative uses task, AUT) and contrast task (objective characteristics task). A K-means clustering analysis on AUT performance grouped 31/29 dyads into high/low-creative group, respectively. In comparison with the low-creative group, the high-creative group showed: (i) higher collective flexibility and delayed perspective-taking behaviors, but lower immediate perspective-taking behaviors; (ii) enhanced interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) between the left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG) and right motor cortex, and nodal Eloc at the right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG); (iii) declined intrapersonal functional connectivity between the right angular gyrus (rAG) and rSTG, and IBS between the lIFG and rAG. The enhanced neural couplings positively correlated with group creative performance, whereas a reverse correlation pattern existed in the declined ones. A leave-one-out cross-validation analysis showed these neural couplings reliably predicted group creative performance within the sample. These indicate that high-creative group dynamics are characterized by utilizing partners’ shared information when necessary (e.g. encountering idea exhaustion). A neural coupling profile consisting of sophisticated interplays between regions within frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes may underlie high-creative creative dynamics.
How distinct functional insular subdivisions mediate interacting neurocognitive systems
Authors: Zhao Haichao , Turel Ofir , Bechara Antoine , He Qinghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent neurocognitive models propose that the insula serves as a hub of interoceptive awareness system, modulating 2 interplaying neurocognitive systems: The posterior insula (PI) receives and integrates various interoceptive signals; these signals are then transmitted to the anterior insula for processing higher-order representations into awareness, where the dorsal anterior insula (dAI) modulates the prefrontal self-control system and the ventral anterior insula (vAI) modulates the amygdala (AMG)-striatal reward-seeking circuit. We sought to test this view using a multimodal approach. We first used a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach with a sample of 120 undergraduate students. Then, we unpacked the neuro-cognitive association between insular connectivity and cognitive performance during an Iowa gambling fMRI task. Lastly, an independent Open Southwest University Longitudinal Imaging Multimodal dataset was used to validate the results. Findings suggested that the dAI was predominantly connected to the prefrontal regions; the vAI was primarily connected to the AMG–ventral–striatum system; and the PI was mainly connected to the visceral-sensorimotor system. Moreover, cognitive scores were positively correlated with FC between dAI and the self-control process of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and were negatively correlated with FC between vAI and the reward-seeking process of orbitofrontal cortex and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. The findings highlight the roles of our theorized subinsular functionality in the overall operation of the neural cognitive systems.
Neural evidence for age-related deficits in the representation of state spaces
Authors: Ruel Alexa , Bolenz Florian , Li Shu-Chen , Fischer Adrian , Eppinger Ben 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnder high cognitive demands, older adults tend to resort to simpler, habitual, or model-free decision strategies. This age-related shift in decision behavior has been attributed to deficits in the representation of the cognitive maps, or state spaces, necessary for more complex model-based decision-making. Yet, the neural mechanisms behind this shift remain unclear. In this study, we used a modified 2-stage Markov task in combination with computational modeling and single-trial EEG analyses to establish neural markers of age-related changes in goal-directed decision-making under different demands on the representation of state spaces. Our results reveal that the shift to simpler decision strategies in older adults is due to (i) impairments in the representation of the transition structure of the task and (ii) a diminished signaling of the reward value associated with decision options. In line with the diminished state space hypothesis of human aging, our findings suggest that deficits in goal-directed, model-based behavior in older adults result from impairments in the representation of state spaces of cognitive tasks.
Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022 Guidance on the Treatment of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa)
Authors: Tamma Pranita D , Aitken Samuel L , Bonomo Robert A , Mathers Amy J , van Duin David , Clancy Cornelius J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) is committed to providing up-to-date guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. The initial guidance document on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa) was published on 17 September 2020. Over the past year, there have been a number of important publications furthering our understanding of the management of ESBL-E, CRE, and DTR-P. aeruginosa infections, prompting a rereview of the literature and this updated guidance document.

Methods
A panel of 6 infectious diseases specialists with expertise in managing antimicrobial-resistant infections reviewed, updated, and expanded previously developed questions and recommendations about the treatment of ESBL-E, CRE, and DTR-P. aeruginosa infections. Because of differences in the epidemiology of resistance and availability of specific anti-infectives internationally, this document focuses on the treatment of infections in the United States.

Results
Preferred and alternative treatment recommendations are provided with accompanying rationales, assuming the causative organism has been identified and antibiotic susceptibility results are known. Approaches to empiric treatment, duration of therapy, and other management considerations are also discussed briefly. Recommendations apply for both adult and pediatric populations.

Conclusions
The field of antimicrobial resistance is highly dynamic. Consultation with an infectious diseases specialist is recommended for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. This document is current as of 24 October 2021. The most current versions of IDSA documents, including dates of publication, are available at www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance/.
High Rate of Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Among Recently Injecting Drug Users: Results From the TraP Hep C Program—A Prospective Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Authors: Johannesson Jon M , Fridriksdottir Ragnheidur H , Löve Thorvardur J , Runarsdottir Valgerdur , Hansdóttir Ingunn , Löve Arthur , Thordardottir Marianna , Hernandez Ubaldo B , Olafsson Sigurdur , Gottfredsson Magnus ,   Treatment as Prevention for Hepatitis C (TraP Hep C) group, Bjornsson Einar Stefan , Bergmann Ottar Mar , Sigurdardottir Bryndis , Johannsson Birgir , Heimisdottir Maria , Tyrfingsson Thorarinn , Tomasdottir Anna , Karlsdottir Bergthora , Ingibergsdottir Bjartey , Fridjonsdottir Hildigunnur , Alexiusdottir Kristin , Bjornsdottir Thora , Olafsdottir Bryndis , Finnbogadottir Asdis M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The Treatment as Prevention for Hepatitis C program started in 2016 in Iceland, offering treatment with direct-acting antivirals to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals. Reinfections through injection drug use (IDU) can hamper elimination efforts. We determined reinfection rates of HCV among patients in the program.

Methods
Clinical data were gathered prospectively. The study cohort consisted of HCV-cured patients with an estimated sustained virologic response between 1 February 2016 and 20 November 2018, with follow-up until 20 November 2019. The observation period and time until reinfection was estimated using a single random point imputation method coupled with Monte Carlo simulation. The reinfection rates were expressed as reinfections per 100 person-years (PY).

Results
In total, 640 treatments of 614 patients (417 male; mean age, 44.3 years) resulted in cure, with 52 reinfections subsequently confirmed in 50 patients (37 male). Follow-up was 672.1 PY, with a median time to reinfection of 232 days. History of IDU was reported by 523 patients (84.8%) and recent IDU with 220 treatments (34.4%). Stimulants were the preferred injected drug in 85.5% of patients with a history of IDU. The reinfection rate was 7.7/100 PY. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for interval-censored data, age (hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% confidence interval, .94–.99]) and recent IDU (2.91 [1.48–5.76]) were significantly associated with reinfection risk.

Conclusions
The reinfection rate is high in a setting of widespread stimulant use, particularly in young people with recent IDU. Regular follow-up is important among high-risk populations to diagnose reinfections early and reduce transmission.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02647879.
Vaccination of Ukrainian Refugees: Need for Urgent Action
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Falfushynska Halina , Fal Andrzej 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The unprovoked aggression of Russian military forces on Ukraine in February 2022 has caused a high influx of refugees, including children, to neighboring countries, particularly Poland. This caused additional pressures on the healthcare system and the need to meet challenges for public health, such as those related to infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the potential epidemiological risks associated with the war-induced influx of refugees (coronavirus disease 2019, measles, pertussis, tetanus, and poliomyelitis) and highlight the need for their swift management through institutional support, educational campaigns, counteracting antiscience misinformation, and pursuing vaccinations of refugees but also improving or maintaining good levels of immunization in populations of countries welcoming them. These are necessary actions to avoid overlapping of war and infectious diseases and associated public health challenges.
Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients Compared With Immunocompetent Controls
Authors: Larsen Helle Kiellberg , Kjaer Susanne K , Haedersdal Merete , Kjaer Alexander K , Bonde Jesper Hansen , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Thomsen Louise T 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related anogenital (pre)cancers, including anal high-grade intraepithelial lesions and cancer. Previous studies on anal high-risk HPV (hrHPV) among KTRs are sparse.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, we included 247 KTRs and 248 controls from a dermatology department and 5 nephrology departments in Denmark during 2016–2017. All participants provided an anal cytobrush sample that was tested for HPV DNA. Participants completed a questionnaire on lifestyle and sexual habits. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of anal hrHPV in KTRs compared with controls and risk factors for anal hrHPV in KTRs.ResultsThe anal hrHPV prevalence was higher in female KTRs (45.5%) than in controls (27.2%). Female KTRs had almost 3-fold higher adjusted odds of anal hrHPV than controls (adjusted OR, 2.87 [95% confidence interval, 1.57–5.22]). In contrast, among men we did not observe increased prevalence or odds of anal hrHPV in KTRs compared with controls (prevalence, 19.4% vs 23.6%; adjusted OR, 0.85 [95% 95% confidence interval, .44–1.64]). Among hrHPV-positive KTRs, 63% and 52% of men and women, respectively, were infected with hrHPV types covered by the nonavalent HPV vaccine (type 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, or 58). Current smoking, &gt;10 lifetime sexual partners, history of genital warts, and among men having had receptive anal sex were risk factors for anal hrHPV in KTRs.ConclusionsFemale KTRs had an increased risk of anal hrHPV compared with immunocompetent controls. Our findings indicate that pretransplant HPV vaccination should be considered to prevent anal high-grade intraepithelial lesions and cancer caused by anal hrHPV infection in KTRs.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT03018327.
Two-Dose Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Effectiveness With Mixed Schedules and Extended Dosing Intervals: Test-Negative Design Studies From British Columbia and Quebec, Canada
Authors: Skowronski Danuta M , Febriani Yossi , Ouakki Manale , Setayeshgar Solmaz , El Adam Shiraz , Zou Macy , Talbot Denis , Prystajecky Natalie , Tyson John R , Gilca Rodica , Brousseau Nicholas , Deceuninck Geneviève , Galanis Eleni , Fjell Chris D , Sbihi Hind , Fortin Elise , Barkati Sapha , Sauvageau Chantal , Naus Monika , Patrick David M , Henry Bonnie , Hoang Linda M N , De Wals Philippe , Garenc Christophe , Carignan Alex , Drolet Mélanie , Jassem Agatha N , Sadarangani Manish , Brisson Marc , Krajden Mel , De Serres Gaston 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The Canadian coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization strategy deferred second doses and allowed mixed schedules. We compared 2-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) by vaccine type (mRNA and/or ChAdOx1), interval between doses, and time since second dose in 2 of Canada’s larger provinces.

Methods
Two-dose VE against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or hospitalization among adults ≥18 years, including due to Alpha, Gamma, and Delta variants of concern (VOCs), was assessed ≥14 days postvaccination by test-negative design studies separately conducted in British Columbia and Quebec, Canada, between 30 May and 27 November (epi-weeks 22–47) 2021.

Results
In both provinces, all homologous or heterologous mRNA and/or ChAdOx1 2-dose schedules were associated with ≥90% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization risk for ≥7 months. With slight decline from a peak of &gt;90%, VE against infection was ≥80% for ≥6 months following homologous mRNA vaccination, lower by ∼10% when both doses were ChAdOx1 but comparably high following heterologous ChAdOx1 + mRNA receipt. Findings were similar by age group, sex, and VOC. VE was significantly higher with longer 7–8-week versus manufacturer-specified 3–4-week intervals between mRNA doses.

Conclusions
Two doses of any mRNA and/or ChAdOx1 combination gave substantial and sustained protection against SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization, spanning Delta-dominant circulation. ChAdOx1 VE against infection was improved by heterologous mRNA series completion. A 7–8-week interval between first and second doses improved mRNA VE and may be the optimal schedule outside periods of intense epidemic surge. Findings support interchangeability and extended intervals between SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses, with potential global implications for low-coverage areas and, going forward, for children.
Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in US Children Over 9 Seasons Following the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic
Authors: Kamidani Satoshi , Garg Shikha , Rolfes Melissa A , Campbell Angela P , Cummings Charisse N , Haston Julia C , Openo Kyle P , Fawcett Emily , Chai Shua J , Herlihy Rachel , Yousey-Hindes Kimberly , Monroe Maya L , Kim Sue , Lynfield Ruth , Smelser Chad , Muse Alison , Felsen Christina B , Billing Laurie , Thomas Ann , Talbot H Keipp , Schaffner William , Risk Ilene , Anderson Evan J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent population-based data are limited regarding influenza-associated hospitalizations in US children.

Methods
We identified children &lt;18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during 2010–2019 seasons, through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network. Adjusted hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rates were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate risk factors for pneumonia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and death.

Results
Over 9 seasons, adjusted influenza-associated hospitalization incidence rates ranged from 10 to 375 per 100 000 persons each season and were highest among infants &lt;6 months old. Rates decreased with increasing age. The highest in-hospital mortality rates were observed in children &lt;6 months old (0.73 per 100 000 persons). Over time, antiviral treatment significantly increased, from 56% to 85% (P &lt; .001), and influenza vaccination rates increased from 33% to 44% (P = .003). Among the 13 235 hospitalized children, 2676 (20%) were admitted to the ICU, 2262 (17%) had pneumonia, 690 (5%) required mechanical ventilation, and 72 (0.5%) died during hospitalization. Compared with those &lt;6 months of age, hospitalized children ≥13 years old had higher odds of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7 [95% confidence interval, 2.1–3.4], ICU admission (1.6 [1.3–1.9]), mechanical ventilation (1.6 [1.1–2.2]), and death (3.3 [1.2–9.3]).

Conclusions
Hospitalization and death rates were greatest in younger children at the population level. Among hospitalized children, however, older children had a higher risk of severe outcomes. Continued efforts to prevent and attenuate influenza in children are needed.
Protective Effect of Intestinal Blautia Against Neutropenic Fever in Allogeneic Transplant Recipients
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Peled Jonathan U , Ebadi Maryam , Rehman Tauseef Ur , Elhusseini Heba , Marcello LeeAnn T , Halaweish Hossam , Kaiser Thomas , Holtan Shernan G , Khoruts Alexander , Weisdorf Daniel J , Staley Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Neutropenic fever (NF) occurs in &gt;70% of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients, without a documented cause in most cases. Antibiotics used to prevent and treat NF disrupt the gut microbiota; these disruptions predict a higher posttransplantation mortality rate. We hypothesized that specific features in the gut microbial community may mediate the risk of NF.

Methods
We searched a large gut microbiota database in allogeneic HCT recipients (12 546 stool samples; 1278 patients) to find pairs with NF (cases) versus without NF (controls) on the same day relative to transplantation and with a stool sample on the previous day. A total of 179 such pairs were matched as to the underlying disease and graft source. Several other important clinical variables were similar between the groups.

Results
The gut microbiota of cases on the day before NF occurrence had a lower abundance of Blautia than their matched controls on the same day after transplantation, suggesting a protective role for Blautia. Microbiota network analysis did not find any differences in community structure between the groups, suggesting a single-taxon effect. To identify putative mechanisms, we searched a gut microbiome and serum metabolome database of patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapy and identified 139 serum samples collected within 24 hours after a stool sample from the same patient. Greater Blautia abundances predicted higher levels of next-day citrulline, a biomarker of total enterocyte mass.

Conclusions
These findings support a model in which Blautia protects against NF by improving intestinal health. Therapeutic restoration of Blautia may help prevent NF, thus reducing antibiotic exposures and transplantation-related deaths.
A Tribute to Frank Wilkinson
Authors: Rubery Jill , Burchell Brendan , Deakin Simon , Konzelmann Suzanne J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This tribute article acknowledges the lifetime contributions of Frank Wilkinson to social sciences in general and the Cambridge Journal of Economics in particular. He was not only a founding editor of the Cambridge Journal of Economics but also in his later years he was elected a Patron of the Journal in recognition of his contributions.
Globalisation in reverse? Reconfiguring the geographies of value chains and production networks
Authors: Gong Huiwen , Hassink Robert , Foster Christopher , Hess Martin , Garretsen Harry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStanding at a crossroads, where ongoing ‘slowbalisation’ coincides with new forces such as the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, heightened geopolitical tensions, the emergence of disruptive technologies and the increasing urgency of addressing environmental challenges, many important questions remain unsolved regarding the nature and impact of the current economic globalisation. This special issue on ‘Globalisation in Reverse? Reconfiguring the Geographies of Value Chains and Production Networks’ aims at showcasing recent work that seeks to contribute to, and advance, the debates on economic globalisation and the reconfiguration of global value chains and production networks. This introductory article has three objectives: first, based on a broad literature review, we aim to identify four key forces, as well as the fundamental relatively stable capitalist logics contributing to the complex reconfiguration of global economic activities. Second, we will position the papers included in this special issue against the four main forces identified and discuss the contributions of each article to capture some emerging cross-paper patterns among them. Finally, we outline the contours of a research agenda that suggests promising avenues for further investigation of the phenomenon of value chain and production network reconfigurations in times of uncertainty.