bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep characteristics associated with nocturnal blood pressure nondipping in healthy individuals: a systematic review
Authors: Forshaw Philippa Eileen , Correia Arron Taylor Lund , Roden Laura Catherine , Lambert Estelle Victoria , Rae Dale Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The current literature investigating nocturnal blood pressure (BP) nondipping has largely focused on clinical populations, however, conditions such as hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea and insomnia are recognized confounding factors for BP dipping. The exact mechanisms responsible for BP nondipping remain unclear, therefore, there is a need to investigate BP nondipping in healthy individuals to better understand the underlying mechanisms. This review identifies sleep characteristics that may contribute to BP nondipping in healthy individuals. It is anticipated that an understanding of the sleep characteristics that contribute to BP nondipping may inform future sleep-related behavioral interventions to ultimately reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.

Methods
The PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant, English language, peer-reviewed publications (from inception to March 2022). The search identified 550 studies. After duplicates were removed, the titles and abstracts of the remaining 306 studies were screened. Of these, 250 studies were excluded leaving 56 studies to test for eligibility. Thirty-nine studies were excluded such that 17 studies fully met the inclusion criteria for the review.

Results
Findings from this review indicate that short sleep duration, more sleep fragmentation, less sleep depth and increased variability in sleep timing may be associated with BP nondipping in healthy individuals.

Conclusion
While there is no evidence-based approach for the treatment of nocturnal BP nondipping, it seems promising that addressing one’s sleep health may be an important starting point to reduce the prevalence of BP nondipping and perhaps the progression to cardiovascular disease.
Current recommendations regarding evaluation of cognitive functioning in organ transplant candidates
Authors: Jesse Michelle T. , Haver D. Brian 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Cognitive impairment is associated with negative effects on solid organ transplant candidates, recipients, and their care partners. However, because of the heterogeneity of mechanisms, presentations, and assessment measures, research suggests a wide array of impairments, patterns of impairments, and unclear trajectories posttransplant. This review provides an abbreviated synthesis of recent research on cognitive impairments observed in organ-eligible candidates and potential trajectories through posttransplant, current clinical recommendations regarding integration of assessment into routine clinical transplant practice, as well as recommendations for future research.

Recent findings
Transplantation may resolve certain disease-contributing factors to cognitive impairments but also introduces new potential neurocognitive assaults. Recent studies in kidney and lung recipients document continued impairments in subsets of patients, particularly those identified as frail. For liver candidates, new assessment measures of hepatic encephalopathy have been developed and preliminarily tested with potential for translation into routine clinical care. Clinical implications, as well as ethical considerations are discussed.

Summary
Although guidelines agree that cognitive assessment is an important part of the organ transplantation process, many questions remain of how to best assess cognition and intervene when cognitive impairment is identified in transplant populations. Further research should focus on prospective, longitudinal assessments in transplant-eligible populations through posttransplant.
Cyclothymic Temperament, Physical Neglect, and Earlier Age of Onset Predict Poor Medication Adherence in Patients With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Li Ziyan , Liu Xinzi , Ma Rui , Feng Sitong , Zheng Sisi , Zhu Hong , Yin Dongqing , Jia Hongxiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Individual-level risk factors may predict poor medication adherence (PMA) in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between affective temperament, childhood trauma, age of first onset, and PMA in patients with BD in China. A total of 168 patients completed the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; the Short Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire; and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form. Scores were then compared between PMA and non-PMA groups. Binary logistic regression showed that age of first onset was negatively correlated with PMA (β = −0.106, p = 0.002), whereas physical neglect and cyclothymic temperament were positively correlated with PMA (β = 0.143, p = 0.029; β = 0.19, p = 0.001, respectively). These findings indicate that cyclothymic temperament, physical neglect, and earlier onset are predictors of PMA in patients with BD and that such patients may require further attention to improve medical compliance.
Religiosity and Stigmatization Related to Mental Illness Among African Americans and Black Immigrants
Authors: Pederson Aderonke Bamgbose , Earnshaw Valerie A. , Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Hawkins Devan , Mangale Dorothy I. , Tsai Alexander C. , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stigma about mental illness is a known barrier to engagement in mental health services. We conducted an online cross-sectional study, aiming to estimate the associations between religiosity and mental illness stigma among Black adults (n = 269, ages 18–65 years) in the United States. After adjusting for demographic factors (age, education, and ethnicity), respondents with higher attendance at religious services or greater engagement in religious activities (e.g., prayer, meditation, or Bible study) reported greater proximity to people living with mental health problems (rate ratio [RR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–2.59 and RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.18–2.79, respectively). Despite reporting greater past or current social proximity, respondents with higher religiosity indices also reported greater future intended stigmatizing behavior (or lower future intended social proximity) (RR, 0.92–0.98). Focusing specifically on future intended stigmatizing behavior and the respondent's level of religiosity, age, and ethnicity may be critical for designing effective stigma-reducing interventions for Black adults.
Beliefs About Traumatic Memories, Thought Control Strategies, and the Impact on PTSD Symptoms After a Natural Disaster
Authors: Brown Renée L. , Innes Peter A. , Carter Janet D. , Wood Andrew , Love Steven , Kannis-Dymand Lee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships among self-reported meta-memory beliefs, thought control strategies (i.e., distraction, reappraisal, worry, social control, and punishment), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology, among a sample of earthquake survivors (N = 412). Correlational analysis and structural equation modeling were used on the responses and showed that stronger positive and negative meta-memory beliefs, and greater worry and punishment, were associated with greater PTSD symptom severity. The results also indicated that meta-memory beliefs had a prominent indirect influence toward PTSD symptomology via their effects toward thought control strategies. Follow-up analysis of variance indicated that those with a history of mental health difficulties reported higher levels of PTSD symptom severity, were more likely to score in the range of clinically relevant PTSD, and had a stronger tendency to negatively appraise unwanted thinking styles. The results of this research provide overall support for the validity of the metacognitive model for PTSD.
Update on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanic/Latinx Americans in the United States
Authors: Hernández Juan C. , Perez Marisol , Hoek Hans W. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
This review provides a 6-year update on the prevalence and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanic/Latinx Americans in the United States.

Recent findings
Prevalence of eating disorders tends to be lower in Hispanic/Latinx American adolescents and adults relative to non-Hispanic White peers. Numerous risk factors for disordered eating symptoms have been identified, including negative body image, depression, sexual assault and culturally specific risk factors, including ethnic discrimination and acculturative stress. Hispanic/Latinx individuals seek treatment less often with the most influential barriers being cost of treatment, eating disorder stigma, eating disorder shame and mental health shame in general. Limited research on the treatment for eating disorders continue to persist. Culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy yielded similar outcomes to traditional cognitive behaviour therapy and had better treatment adherence and retention rates.

Summary
The medical and sociopolitical climate of the United States has changed significantly since our previous review. The need for research on the effectiveness of eating disorder treatments for Hispanic/Latinx Americans remains important for one of the fastest growing populations in the U.S.
Airway Complications in Pregnant Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Jhaveri Vasanti , Martinez Ramon , Trippensee Arvin , Roussos-Ross Kay , Brennan Meghan , Wendling Adam 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an evidence-based treatment for severe depression and bipolar disorder in pregnant women. Electroconvulsive therapy involves induction of general anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and positive-pressure ventilation. Airway manipulation may lead to complications such as vocal cord injury, aspiration, inability to ventilate, and death. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in the incidence of airway complications in pregnant patients who underwent mask ventilation (MV) versus endotracheal intubation (ETI) compared with nonpregnant control subjects.

Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review of all adult pregnant patients who underwent anesthesia for ECT from June 1, 2011, to June 30, 2020. Each ECT treatment delivered to a pregnant patient was matched with 2 ECT treatments delivered to a nonpregnant female control subject. Charts were queried for airway management (MV vs ETI), gestational age, and airway complications. Each ECT treatment was considered an independent event.

Results
Seventy-six ECT treatments from 11 pregnant patients were matched with 154 ECT treatments from 13 nonpregnant patients. In pregnant patients, airway management consisted of MV in 57 of the 76 treatments: 12 of 12 in the first trimester, 33 of 44 in the second trimester, and 12 of 20 in the third trimester. All 154 ECT treatments in the control group used MV. No airway complications were experienced in pregnant or nonpregnant patients with MV or ETI.

Conclusions
No airway complications were observed in pregnant patients undergoing MV or ETI regardless of gestational age.
Exploring the mismatch between the theory and application of photosynthetic quotients in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Trentman Matt T. , Hall Robert O. , Valett H. Maurice. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEstimates of primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems are commonly based on variation in O2, rather than CO2. The photosynthetic quotient (PQ) is used to convert primary production estimates from units of O2to C. However, there is a mismatch between the theory and application of the PQ. Aquatic ecologists use PQ=1-1.4. Meanwhile, PQ estimates from the literature support PQ=0.1-4.2. Here, we describe the theory on why PQ may vary in aquatic ecosystems. We synthesize the current understanding of how processes such as NO3−assimilation and photorespiration can affect the PQ. We test these ideas with a case study of the Clark Fork River, Montana, where theory predicts that PQ could vary in space and time due to variation in environmental conditions. Finally, we highlight research needs to improve our understanding of the PQ. We suggest departing from fixed PQ values and instead use literature-based sensitivity analyses to infer C dynamics from primary production estimated using O2.Scientific Significance StatementAccurate measures of primary production in aquatic ecosystems are necessary to quantify energy availability to higher trophic levels and biological effects on global CO2concentrations, among other reasons. However, we commonly measure primary production using O2because it is easier, despite our motivation to measure the rate of fixed C, and then use the photosynthetic quotient (the ratio of O2release to CO2fixed, PQ) to convert O2based metabolism to CO2. This study provides a summary of the current mismatch between our current knowledge and the application of PQ, highlights our current knowledge gaps, and emphasizes the need to use literature-based sensitivity analysis rather than uninformed fixed PQ values.
Paired evaluation defines performance landscapes for machine learning models
Authors: Nariya Maulik K. , Mills Caitlin E. , Sorger Peter K. , Sokolov Artem 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe true accuracy of a machine learning model is a population-level statistic that cannot be observed directly. In practice, predictor performance is estimated against one or more test datasets, and the accuracy of this estimate strongly depends on how well the test sets represent all possible unseen datasets. Here we present paired evaluation, a simple approach for increasing the robustness of performance evaluation by systematic pairing of test samples, and use it to evaluate predictors of drug response in breast cancer cell lines and of disease severity in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Our results demonstrate that the choice of test data can cause estimates of performance to vary by as much as 30%, and that paired evaluation makes it possible to identify outliers, improve the accuracy of performance estimates in the presence of known confounders, and assign statistical significance when comparing machine learning models.
HRDex: a tool for deriving homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores from whole exome sequencing data
Authors: Pluta John , Hausler Ryan , Wubbenhorst Brad , Desai Heena , Domchek Susan M. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Maxwell Kara N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast and ovarian tumors in patients with biallelic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations either by germline mutations accompanied by allele-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or truncal somatic mutations respond to PARP inhibition. The repair of double stranded DNA breaks in tumors these tumors leads to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which can be measured using a variety of genomic and transcriptomic signatures. However, the optimal biomarker for BRCA deficiency is unknown.MethodsWe developed HRDex to determine HRD and its composite scores from allele specific copy number data analysis of whole exome sequencing (WES) data and examined the discriminatory ability of HRDex and other genomic and transcriptomic measures to identify BRCA deficiency in breast and ovarian tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).ResultsHRDex scores have high correlation with SNP array based HRD scores in both breast and ovarian cancers. HRDex scores have high discriminatory accuracy to distinguish BRCA deficient breast tumors, similar to SNP array based scores (AUC 0.87 vs 0.90); however, discriminatory ability for ovarian tumors was lower (AUC 0.79 vs 0.90). HRD-LST had the best discriminatory ability of the three composite HRD scores. HRDex had higher discriminatory ability for identification of BRCA deficiency than RNA expression based scores (eCARD, tp53, RPS and PARPi7) in breast and ovarian tumors. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was associated with BRCA deficiency in breast but not ovarian cancer. Combining HRDex score with mutational signature 3 modestly increased discriminatory ability for BRCA deficient breast and ovarian tumors (breast: AUC 0.90 vs 0.87; ovarian: AUC 0.83 vs 0.79).ConclusionsWES based HRD scores perform similarly to SNP array HRD scores, and better than other genomic or transcriptomic signatures, for identification of tumors with BRCA deficiency due to biallelic BRCA loss.
Refining epigenetic prediction of chronological and biological age
Authors: Bernabeu Elena , McCartney Daniel L , Gadd Danni A , Hillary Robert F , Lu Ake T , Murphy Lee , Wrobel Nicola , Campbell Archie , Harris Sarah E , Liewald David , Hayward Caroline , Sudlow Cathie , Cox Simon R , Evans Kathryn L , Horvath Steve , McIntosh Andrew M , Robinson Matthew R , Vallejos Catalina A , Marioni Riccardo E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpigenetic clocks can track both chronological age (cAge) and biological age (bAge). The latter is typically defined by physiological biomarkers and risk of adverse health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. As cohort sample sizes increase, estimates of cAge and bAge become more precise. Here, we aim to refine predictors and improve understanding of the epigenomic architecture of cAge and bAge. First, we perform large-scale (N = 18,413) epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of chronological age and all-cause mortality. Next, to improve cAge prediction, we use methylation data from 24,673 participants from the Generation Scotland (GS) study, the Lothian Birth Cohorts (LBC) of 1921 and 1936 and 8 publicly available datasets. Through the inclusion of linear and non-linear age-CpG associations from the EWAS, feature pre-selection/dimensionality reduction in advance of elastic net regression, and a leave-one-cohort-out (LOCO) cross validation framework, we arrive at an improved cAge predictor (median absolute error = 2.3 years across 10 cohorts). In addition, we train a predictor of bAge on 1,214 all-cause mortality events in GS, based on epigenetic surrogates for 109 plasma proteins and the 8 component parts of GrimAge, the current best epigenetic predictor of all-cause mortality. We test this predictor in four external cohorts (LBC1921, LBC1936, the Framingham Heart Study and the Women’s Health Initiative study) where it outperforms GrimAge in its association to survival (HRGrimAge = 1.47 [1.40, 1.54] with p = 1.08 × 10−52, and HRbAge = 1.52 [1.44, 1.59] with p = 2.20 × 10−60). Finally, we introduce MethylBrowsR, an online tool to visualize epigenome-wide CpG-age associations.
28 Minutes Later: Investigating the role of aflatrem-like compounds in Ophiocordyceps parasite manipulation of zombie ants
Authors: Beckerson William C. , Krider Courtney , Mohammad Umar A. , de Bekker Charissa 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTCoevolutionary relationships between parasites and their hosts can lead to the emergence of diverse phenotypes over time, as seen inOphiocordycepsfungi that manipulate insect and arachnid behaviour to aid fungal spore transmission. The most conspicuous examples are found in ants of the Camponotini tribe, colloquially known as “zombie ants”. While the behaviours induced during infection are well described, their molecular underpinnings remain unknown. Recent genomics and transcriptomics analyses ofOphiocordyceps camponoti-floridanihave identified several highly upregulated biomolecules produced by the fungus during infection ofCamponotus floridanus. Among them is an ergot alkaloid related to the mycotoxin aflatrem, known to cause “staggers syndrome” in cows. Staggering, defined as unsteady movements side to side, is also observed inC. floridanusants during late-stage infection. To test if aflatrem-like compounds could be responsible, we injected healthy ants with aflatrem and recorded their behaviour for 30 minutes. Using both the automated object-tracking software MARGO and manual behavioural quantification, we found that aflatrem reduced ant activity and speed, and increased staggering behaviours. To examine underlying transcriptomic changes, we performed RNA-Seq on the heads of aflatrem-injected ants, keeping in step with previous transcriptomic work onOphiocordyceps-manipulated ants. We identified 261 genes that were significantly dysregulated in the aflatrem-injected ants compared to sham-injected controls. When compared with RNA-Seq data fromOphiocordyceps-manipulated ants, we found that both groups shared 113 differentially regulated genes. These includedsensory neuron membrane proteingenes, severalodorant-binding proteingenes, and musculoskeletal genes such astitinandobscurin. Together, these results indicate that aflatrem-like compounds significantly affect neuromuscular and sensory function inC. floridanus. The conservation of staggers phenotype betweenC. floridanusandBos taurussuggests that behaviour manipulating strategies exhibited across the Tree of Life may be more similar in approach, if not widely different in application, than we realize.
A stochastic model of cortical microtubule anchoring and mechanics provides regulatory control of microtubule shape
Authors: Tian Tim Y.Y. , Macdonald Colin B. , Cytrynbaum Eric N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe organization of cortical microtubule arrays play an important role in the development of plant cells. Until recently, the direct mechanical influence of cell geometry on the constrained microtubule (MT) trajectories have been largely ignored in computational models. Modelling MTs as thin elastic rods constrained on a surface, a previous study examined the deflection of MTs using a fixed number of segments and uniform segment lengths between MT anchors. It is known that the resulting MT curves converge to geodesics as the anchor spacing approaches zero. In the case of long MTs on a cylinder, buckling was found for transverse trajectories. There is a clear interplay between two factors in the problem of deflection: curvature of the membrane and the lengths of MT segments. We examine the latter in detail, in the backdrop of a circular cylinder. In reality, the number of segments are not predetermined and their lengths are not uniform. We present a minimal, realistic model treating the anchor spacing as a stochastic process and examine the net effect on deflection. We find that, by tuning the ratio of growth speed to anchoring rate, it is possible to mitigate MT deflection and even prevent buckling for lengths significantly larger than the previously derived critical buckling length. We suggest that this mediation of deflection by anchoring might provide cells with a means of preventing arrays from deflecting away from the transverse orientation.
Functional Extinction of a Genus of Canopy-Forming Macroalgae (CystophoraSpp.) Across its Warm Range Edge
Authors: Pessarrodona Albert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeclines of canopy-forming algae are increasingly prevalent in temperate latitudes, although most losses have occurred across densely populated areas. Here, I use a combination of field surveys, anecdotal evidence, records from the literature and herbaria collections, to document the biogeography of the canopy-forming genusCystophoraacross the sparsely populated end of its distribution in Western Australia. Although historically common, most species were found to be absent or exceedingly rare across their rear (warm) range edge, suggesting their functional extinction. Out of five species, three experienced range contractions >500 km, with some losing approximately 8% of their global distribution. Reasons for their decline are unknown, but likely involve gradual warming, marine heatwaves and rapid urbanization. Increasing human impacts and further warming in the region threatens several species with further extirpation, some of which are endemic to the area and play unique ecological roles.