bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B7-H3 Specific CAR T Cells for the Naturally Occurring, Spontaneous Canine Sarcoma Model
Authors: Zhang Shihong , Black R. Graeme , Kohli Karan , Hayes Brian J. , Miller Cassandra , Koehne Amanda , Schroeder Brett A. , Abrams Kraig , Schulte Brian C. , Alexiev Borislav A. , Heimberger Amy B. , Zhang Ali , Jing Weiqing , Ng Juliana Chi Kei , Shinglot Himaly , Seguin Bernard , Salter Alexander I. , Riddell Stanley R. , Jensen Michael C. , Gottschalk Stephen , Moore Peter F. , Torok-Storb Beverly , Pollack Seth M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One obstacle for human solid tumor immunotherapy research is the lack of clinically relevant animal models. In this study, we sought to establish a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment model for naturally occurring canine sarcomas as a model for human CAR T-cell therapy.
Canine CARs specific for B7-H3 were constructed using a single-chain variable fragment derived from the human B7-H3–specific antibody MGA271, which we confirmed to be cross-reactive with canine B7-H3. After refining activation, transduction, and expansion methods, we confirmed target killing in a tumor spheroid three-dimensional assay. We designed a B7-H3 canine CAR T-cell and achieved consistently high levels of transduction efficacy, expansion, and in vitro tumor killing. Safety of the CAR T cells were confirmed in two purposely bred healthy canine subjects following lymphodepletion by cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. Immune response, clinical parameters, and manifestation were closely monitored after treatments and were shown to resemble that of humans. No severe adverse events were observed.
In summary, we demonstrated that similar to human cancers, B7-H3 can serve as a target for canine solid tumors. We successfully generated highly functional canine B7-H3–specific CAR T-cell products using a production protocol that closely models human CAR T-cell production procedure. The treatment regimen that we designed was confirmed to be safe in vivo. Our research provides a promising direction to establish in vitro and in vivo models for immunotherapy for canine and human solid tumor treatment.
Temporal Trajectory of Systolic Blood Pressure and Outcomes in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: ATACH-2 Trial Cohort
Authors: Tanaka Kanta , Koga Masatoshi , Fukuda-Doi Mayumi , Qureshi Adnan I. , Yamamoto Haruko , Miwa Kaori , Ihara Masafumi , Toyoda Kazunori ,   for the ATACH-2 Trial Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background:
To highlight the heterogeneity of acute temporal blood pressure (BP) changes in the ATACH-2 trial (Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage-2) and associations with the outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods:
One thousand patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage, who had been randomized to intensive (110–139 mm Hg) or standard (140–179 mm Hg) systolic BP (SBP) lowering with intravenous nicardipine in ATACH-2 from 2011 to 2015, were analyzed about temporal changes in hourly maximum SBP up to 24 hours after randomization using group-based trajectory modeling. Outcomes included death or disability (modified Rankin Scale score 4–6) at 3 months, neurological deterioration within 24 hours (≥2-point decrease in Glasgow Coma Scale score or ≥4-point increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score), and acute kidney injury (≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or ≥1.5-fold increase in serum creatinine) within 7 days after onset.

Results:
Group-based trajectory modeling revealed 4 SBP trajectory groups: moderate SBP (from ≈190 mm Hg at hospital arrival to 150–160 mm Hg after randomization; n=298), moderate-to-low SBP (from ≈190 mm Hg to <140 mm Hg; n=395), high-to-low SBP (from >210 mm Hg to <140 mm Hg; n=134), and high SBP (from >210 mm Hg to 160–170 mm Hg; n=173). Patients with intensive treatment accounted for 11.1%, 88.6%, 85.1%, and 1.7% of each group, respectively. Compared with the moderate-to-low SBP group, the high-to-low SBP group showed increased risks of death or disability at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.24–4.26]) and acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio, 3.50 [95% CI, 1.83–6.69]), while no increase in neurological deterioration was seen in this group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.20–1.13]). The moderate SBP and high SBP groups showed no significant risk differences for such outcomes.

Conclusions:
Data-driven observation using a group-based trajectory modeling approach may be useful to clarify the relationship between antihypertensive treatment, temporal SBP changes, and outcomes in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01176565.
Implanting intracranial electrodes does not affect spikes or network connectivity in nearby or connected brain regions
Authors: Conrad Erin C. , Shinohara Russell T. , Gugger James J. , Revell Andrew Y. , Das Sandhitsu , Stein Joel M. , Marsh Eric D. , Davis Kathryn A. , Litt Brian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To determine the effect of implanting electrodes on electrographic features of nearby and connected brain regions in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, we analyzed intracranial EEG recordings from 10 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent implant revision (placement of additional electrodes) during their hospitalization. We performed automated spike detection and measured EEG functional networks. We analyzed the original electrodes that remained in place throughout the full EEG recording, and we measured the change in spike rates and network connectivity in these original electrodes in response to implanting new electrodes. There was no change in overall spike rate pre- to post-implant revision (t(9) = 0.1, p = 0.95). The peri-revision change in the distribution of spike rate and connectivity across electrodes was no greater than chance (Monte Carlo method, spikes: p = 0.40, connectivity: p = 0.42). Electrodes closer to or more functionally connected to the revision site had no greater change in spike rate or connectivity than more distant or less connected electrodes. Changes in electrographic features surrounding electrode implantation are no greater than baseline fluctuations occurring throughout the intracranial recording. These findings argue against an implant effect on spikes or network connectivity in nearby or connected brain regions.
Effects of classic psychedelic drugs on turbulent signatures in brain dynamics
Authors: Cruzat Josephine , Perl Yonatan Sanz , Escrichs Anira , Vohryzek Jakub , Timmermann Christopher , Roseman Leor , Luppi Andrea I. , Ibañez Agustin , Nutt David , Carhart-Harris Robin , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Deco Gustavo , Kringelbach Morten L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Psychedelic drugs show promise as safe and effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, yet their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. A fundamental hypothesis is that psychedelics work by dose-dependently changing the functional hierarchy of brain dynamics, but it is unclear whether different psychedelics act similarly. Here, we investigated the changes in the brain’s functional hierarchy associated with two different psychedelics (LSD and psilocybin). Using a novel turbulence framework, we were able to determine the vorticity, that is, the local level of synchronization, that allowed us to extend the standard global time-based measure of metastability to become a local-based measure of both space and time. This framework produced detailed signatures of turbulence-based hierarchical change for each psychedelic drug, revealing consistent and discriminate effects on a higher level network, that is, the default mode network. Overall, our findings directly support a prior hypothesis that psychedelics modulate (i.e., “compress”) the functional hierarchy and provide a quantification of these changes for two different psychedelics. Implications for therapeutic applications of psychedelics are discussed.
Czech Grammar Error Correction with a Large and Diverse Corpus
Authors: Náplava Jakub , Straka Milan , Straková Jana , Rosen Alexandr 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We introduce a large and diverse Czech corpus annotated for grammatical error correction (GEC) with the aim to contribute to the still scarce data resources in this domain for languages other than English. The Grammar Error Correction Corpus for Czech (GECCC) offers a variety of four domains, covering error distributions ranging from high error density essays written by non-native speakers, to website texts, where errors are expected to be much less common. We compare several Czech GEC systems, including several Transformer-based ones, setting a strong baseline to future research. Finally, we meta-evaluate common GEC metrics against human judgments on our data. We make the new Czech GEC corpus publicly available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license at http://hdl.handle.net/11234/1-4639.
Trauma-Informed Theology or Theologically Informed Trauma?
Authors: Wendel Alex R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article I first provide an overview of the ways in which trauma impacts people’s understandings and experiences of God, then survey two works of “trauma-informed theology” to demonstrate how these approaches to theology can lead to diminished views of God and turn theology into anthropology, and, finally, propose an approach to trauma and theology that maintains a theocentric theological method that affirms the subjective experiences of traumatized individuals while not advancing diminished understandings of God. It is the triune God revealed in Scripture that wipes away the tears of trauma survivors and this God alone who comforts and heals humanity.
Divine Simplicity, God’s Freedom, and the Supposed Problem of Modal Collapse
Authors: Pedersen Daniel J. , Lilley Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Proponents of the modal collapse argument claim that divine simplicity, traditionally conceived, contradicts other Christian commitments about divine freedom and grace by ultimately rendering all God’s acts, including creation and redemption, absolutely necessary. If true, the argument goes, theologians must abandon either God’s simplicity or God’s freedom. The aim of this dilemma is to force the abandonment of simplicity. However, we argue that the modal collapse argument is insufficient to generate this dilemma apart from additional premises—and that these tacit premises are the true locus of dispute.
The Dawn of the Experimental Study of Time Perception: Höring (1864) and Mach (1865)
Authors: Wearden John H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the contents of two of the earliest publications about the experimental psychology of time, those from Höring (1864) and Mach (1865). Höring’s thesis, conducted under Vierordt’s supervision, involved the discrimination of the relative rates of successive periods of beats of a metronome. In general, timing sensitivity decreased as the beats slowed, thus violating Weber’s Law of constant sensitivity for time. Mach (1865) conducted a range of experiments, using metronomes, pendulums, and different sorts of apparatus of his own design. He, likewise, found violations of Weber’s Law, with the Weber fraction following a U-shaped function of duration, with a minimum (of around 5%) at 500 or 600 ms. Mach also conducted research on the smallest temporal intervals that could be distinguished, following an earlier suggestion by Czermak, and reported that the smallest values were obtained with the auditory sense. Mach’s article also discussed the perception of rhythms, and the possibility that different animal species show different sensitivity to time. Some modern work on Weber’s Law and timing is briefly discussed at the end of the article.
Improving Estimates of U.S. Tornado Frequency by Accounting for Unreported and Underrated Tornadoes
Authors: Potvin Corey K. , Broyles Chris , Skinner Patrick S. , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many tornadoes are unreported because of lack of observers or are underrated in intensity, width, or track length because of lack of damage indicators. These reporting biases substantially degrade estimates of tornado frequency and thereby undermine important endeavors such as studies of climate impacts on tornadoes and cost–benefit analyses of tornado damage mitigation. Building on previous studies, we use a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework to estimate and correct for tornado reporting biases over the central United States during 1975–2018. The reporting biases are treated as a univariate function of population density. We assess how these biases vary with tornado intensity, width, and track length and over the analysis period. We find that the frequencies of tornadoes of all kinds, but especially stronger or wider tornadoes, have been substantially underestimated. Most strikingly, the Bayesian model estimates that there have been approximately 3 times as many tornadoes capable of (E)F2+ damage as have been recorded as (E)F2+ [(E)F indicates a rating on the (enhanced) Fujita scale]. The model estimates that total tornado frequency changed little over the analysis period. Statistically significant trends in frequency are found for tornadoes within certain ranges of intensity, pathlength, and width, but it is unclear what proportion of these trends arise from changes in damage survey practices. Simple analyses of the tornado database corroborate many of the inferences from the Bayesian model.

Significance Statement
Prior studies have shown that the probabilities of a tornado being reported and of its intensity, track length, and width being accurately estimated are strongly correlated with the local population density. We have developed a sophisticated statistical model that accounts for these population-dependent tornado reporting biases to improve estimates of tornado frequency in the central United States. The bias-corrected tornado frequency estimates differ markedly from the official tornado climatology and have important implications for tornado risk assessment, damage mitigation, and studies of climate change impacts on tornado activity.
Well-Mixed Boundary Layer–Top Entrainment Instability: Hydrodynamic Analysis
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study shows by a linear hydrodynamic stability analysis that an unstable mixed-layer deep circulation can be generated in the dry convective well-mixed layer by the entrainment from the top. The newly identified instability arises under the two competing processes induced by the top entrainment: the destabilization by generating thermal perturbations and the damping by mechanical mixing. The former and the latter, respectively, dominate over the other in the limits of large and small scales. As a result, the instability is realized at the horizontal scales larger than the order of the mixed-layer depth (ca. 1 km), and the time scale for the growth is about 1 day. This study has been motivated from a question of whether the cloud-top entrainment instability (CTEI) can induce a transition of the stratocumulus-topped well-mixed boundary layer into trade cumulus. The present study intends to extend the previous studies based on the local parcel analyses to a full analysis based on the hydrodynamics. Unfortunately, being based on a dry formulation, the present result does not apply directly to the CTEI problem. Especially, the evaporative cooling is totally neglected. Nevertheless, the present result can still be applied to moist systems, to some extent, by redefining certain terms in the formulation.
A Linear Theory of Wind Farm Efficiency and Interaction
Authors: Smith Ronald B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate the role of gravity waves (GW), farm shape, and wind direction on the efficiency and interaction of wind farms using a two-layer linearized dynamical model with Rayleigh friction. Five integrated diagnostic quantities are used: total wind deficit, the first moment of vorticity, turbine work, disturbance kinetic energy, and vertical energy flux. The work done on the atmosphere by turbine drag is balanced by dissipation of disturbance kinetic energy. A new definition of wind farm efficiency is proposed based on “turbine work.” While GWs do not change the total wind deficit or the vorticity pattern, they alter the spatial pattern of wind deficit and typically make a wind farm less efficient. GWs slow the winds upwind and reduce the wake influence on nearby downstream wind farms. GWs also propagate part of the disturbance energy upward into the upper atmosphere. We applied these ideas to the proposed 45 km × 15 km wind energy areas off the coast of New England. The proximity of these farms allows GWs to play a significant role in farm interaction, especially in winter with northwesterly winds. The governing equations are solved directly and by using fast Fourier transforms (FFT). The computational speed of the linear FFT model suggests its future use in optimizing the design and day-by-day operation of these and other wind farms.

Significance Statement
When a wind farm is generating electricity, the drag of the wind turbines slows the regional winds. As wind farms grow larger and more closely spaced, this wind reduction will limit the efficiency of wind farms and their economic return. In this paper we analyze an idealized mathematical model of the atmospheric response to wind farm drag including nonlocal gravity wave effects. We propose a new definition of farm efficiency based on the atmospheric disturbance that a farm creates. We also propose a fast Fourier transform (FFT) method for carrying out these estimates.
Ensemble Sensitivity of Precipitation Type to Initial Conditions for a Major Freezing Rain Event in Montreal
Authors: Tootill Daniel , Kirshbaum Daniel J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The predictability of precipitation type in a January 2017 winter storm over the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada is examined using a convective-scale initial-condition ensemble with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Real-time forecasts of the event by Environment and Climate Change Canada predicted 15–25 cm of snow accumulation in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. However, the initial 4 h of the event had 5–8 mm of freezing rain instead, followed by 7 cm of snow. While the total liquid-equivalent precipitation was consistent with the forecast, the unexpected freezing rain caused significant disruption in the Montreal region. The fraction of freezing precipitation (freezing rain and/or ice pellets) over the initial 4 h in Montreal varied greatly across the ensemble, with some members producing nearly all snow and others producing nearly all freezing precipitation. In members with larger fractions of freezing precipitation (as opposed to snow), the cyclone’s midlevel trough was displaced slightly to the northwest, and its downstream (eastern) edge was narrower, the latter of which was traced back to model initialization. These differences increased the midlevel southerly flow into southern Quebec, which both enhanced the horizontal warm advection and decreased the vertical cold advection leading up to the event. The consequent midlevel warming over Montreal in these members produced an above-zero layer that melted falling precipitation, leading to freezing upon contact with the ground. This case study highlights the value of convective-scale ensembles for identifying mechanisms by which initial synoptic-scale uncertainties lead to high-impact localized errors in precipitation type.
How Frequently Does Rapid Intensification Occur after Rapid Contraction of the Radius of Maximum Wind in Tropical Cyclones over the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific?
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Wang Yuqing , Tan Zhe-Min 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon that rapid contraction (RC) of the radius of maximum wind (RMW) could precede rapid intensification (RI) in tropical cyclones (TCs) has been found in several previous studies, but it is still unclear how frequently and to what extent RC precedes RI in rapidly intensifying and contracting TCs in observations. In this study, the statistical relationship between RMW RC and TC RI is examined based on the extended best track dataset for the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific during 1999–2019. Results show that for more than ∼65% of available TCs, the time of the peak contraction rate precedes the time of the peak intensification rate, on average, by ∼10–15 h. With the quantitatively defined RC and RI, results show that ∼50% TCs with RC experience RI, and TCs with larger intensity and smaller RMW and embedded in more favorable environmental conditions tend to experience RI more readily following an RC. Among those TCs with RC and RI, more than ∼65% involve the onset of RC preceding the onset of RI, on average, by ∼15–25 h. The preceding time tends to be longer with lower TC intensity and larger RMW and shows weak correlations with environmental conditions. The qualitative results are insensitive to the time interval for the calculation of intensification/contraction rates and the definition of RI. The results from this study can improve our understanding of TC structure and intensity changes.
Public Housing Resident Perspectives on Smoking, Barriers for Smoking Cessation, and Changes in Smoking Mandates
Authors: Foster Bethany , Ledgerwood David M. , Struble Cara A. , Fodor Marina C. , Jordan Parada , Krishnan Abhinav C. , Turner Beverly , Pearson Claire , Twiner Michael J. , Levy Phillip D 
Published: April 2022

Background Individuals from low-income groups report disproportionate rates of cigarette use, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with increased morbidity and mortality. Smoking bans in public housing have been enacted in attempt to reduce tobacco use and SHS exposure among lower income individuals. This study investigated the support needs of tobacco users living in two public housing complexes in Detroit, Michigan (USA), including their perspectives on smoking, resources and barriers for smoking cessation, and the impact of policy changes. Methods This is a mixed-methods study, using a qualitative focus groups approach and a short survey, public housing residents interview data was analyzed to explore themes related to smoking-related issues. Specifically, six themes were assessed across four focus groups: (1) Quitting Smoking, (2) Current Smoking Cessation Resources, (3) Legal Mandates, (4) Education and Perceptions of Smoking, (5) Community Needs and Barriers, and (6) Medical Experiences. Results There were 59 participants; the majority (39/42, 93%) of smokers reported at least one quit attempt. During the focus groups, several participants indicated a desire to quit smoking but reported barriers to smoking cessation, such as lack of access to medications, social triggers to continue smoking, and socioeconomic stressors. A number of suggestions were provided to improve smoking cessation resources, including support groups, graphic images of smoking-related diseased tissue, and better communication with health care providers. Conclusions These findings demonstrate smoking bans in two public housing complexes can be effective yet are dependent upon a complex set of issues, including numerous barriers to care.