bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic effects of probiotics or synbiotics on postoperative ileus after gastrointestinal cancer surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tang Gang , Huang Wang , Tao Jie , Wei Zhengqiang 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPostoperative ileus is a major problem following gastrointestinal cancers surgery, several randomized controlled trials have been conducted investigating the use of probiotics or synbiotics to reduce postoperative ileus, but their findings are controversial.ObjectiveWe conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect of probiotics or synbiotics on early postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.MethodsThe Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of probiotics or synbiotics on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function as of April 27, 2021. Outcomes included the time to first flatus, time to first defecation, days to first solid diet, days to first fluid diet, length of postoperative hospital stay, incidence of abdominal distension and incidence of postoperative ileus. The results were reported as the mean difference (MD) and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 21 RCTs, involving 1776 participants, were included. Compared with the control group, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation resulted in a shorter first flatus (MD, -0.53 days), first defecation (MD, -0.78 days), first solid diet (MD, -0.25 days), first fluid diet (MD, -0.29 days) and postoperative hospital stay (MD, -1.43 days). Furthermore, Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation reduced the incidence of abdominal distension (RR, 0.62) and incidence of postoperative ileus (RR, 0.47).ConclusionPerioperative supplementation of probiotics or synbiotics can effectively promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after gastrointestinal cancer surgery.
Emotional Dominance as a Structural Factor of the Translation
Authors: Dyachenko Irina , Malinovskaya Tatiana 
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the role of some factors that regulate the perception and understanding of the text. Extralinguistic factors are considered less-studied which makes the analysis presented in the article quite relevant. Modern science actualizes the interconnection of affective and cognitive processes of a person. Emotions play an important role in all types of man’s activity. Translation is one of the types of speech activity and is influenced by the general rules of psychic activity. Besides, translation is regulated by emotions. The level of a foreign text perception depends on the nearness of the emotional and the conceptual systems of the original and the translation text authors. Emotions are presented in the text by language units. They also actualize its meanings. The emotions of the fiction text author are of the paramount importance. The leading emotion builds its emotional dominance while the dependent emotions represent the emotional dominance modification.
Multiple cranial neuropathies as a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome in thymoma
Authors: Ramazanov G. R. , Shevchenko E. V. , Idilova L. I. , Stepanov V. N. , Izmailova A. M. , Petrikov S. S. 
Published: February 2022

Neurological symptoms could be a manifestation of cancer both with direct involvement of the nervous system (tumor invasion, metastasis, compression of nerve tissue by neoplasm) and its mediated damage in patients with paraneoplastic syndromes. Neurological manifestations in this syndrome are more likely to cause neoplasms that produce neuroendocrine proteins (small-cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma) or involve immune system organs (thymomas, lymphomas, plasmacytomas). The paraneoplastic syndrome can be observed ahead of tumor detection and verification in some cases, so cancer screening can be a successful evaluation tactic in patients with neurological symptoms of undetermined etiology.To illustrate this diagnostic approach, we present the clinical case of a patient with multiple cranial neuropathies as a malignant thymoma manifestation. Symptoms of multiple neuropathies developed in the 20-year-old woman within two months prior to hospitalization. The differential diagnosis included infectious, autoimmune, vascular diseases, diseases manifested by hyperostosis of the skull bones, and oncological diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with contrast revealed a pathological accumulation of contrast in the oculomotor, trigeminal, vestibulocochlear, and vagus nerves. Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen showed signs of neoplasms of the mediastinum, right lung, liver, right adrenal gland, and left kidney. Antemortem pathology study of the material obtained by Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy from a mediastinal neoplasm revealed a malignant thymoma.Patients with multiple cranial neuropathies are often encountered in neurological practice. However, establishing the cause of this condition is a complex medical task due to many diseases with which it will be necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis.
Drug-induced liver injury with cholestasis in the neurologist and psychiatric practice
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Shikh E. V. , Shikh N. V. , Ostroumova T. M. , Isaakyan Y. A. 
Published: February 2022

Among drug-induced liver injuries (DILI), the cholestatic type is second in frequency (from 20 to 40%), the most common is the hepatocellular variant (up to 78%). For this reason, practitioners of various specialties, including neurologists and psychiatrists, do not monitor cholestasis parameters, and drug-induced liver injury with cholestasis (DILIС) remains unrecognized. The urgency of this problem is great, because the frequency of deaths in DILIС is only slightly lower than t in the hepatocellular type; in addition, it DILIС is much more likely to become persistent increasing the risk of chronic liver injury.Among the drugs used in neurology and psychiatry, the “leaders” in terms of the number of DILIС are antidepressants, both tricyclic (amitriptyline, imipramine) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs: paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram), antidepressants), antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine), anticonvulsants (mainly carbamazepine).If the patient has a history of DILI caused by any of the forementioned medications, the agent should be switched to another drug from the same group with a minimal risk of DILI. If there is a history of DILI associated with antidepressants, it is recommended to choose SSRIs. It is necessary to monitor not only the activity of transaminases and bilirubin, but also the cholestasis parameters (alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) during treatment.
Experience with cladribine tablets for highly active multiple sclerosis in real clinical practice
Authors: Petrov S. V. , Boyko O. V. , Boyko A. N. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cladribine tablets as a treatment for immune reconstitution of highly active multiple sclerosis (HAMS) in general clinical practice.Patients and methods. 34 patients with HAMS who were followed up at the Moscow Multiple Sclerosis Center in 2018–2021 received two full treatment courses. HAMS diagnosis was established in the presence of two or more exacerbations per year without treatment or one exacerbation in patients receiving pathogenetic treatment in the presence of concomitant manifestations of the activity of the pathological process on MRI. Before initiation of cladribine therapy, the median exacerbation rate was 2.3 per year, i.e., 34 patients per year had a total of 78 exacerbations.Results and discussion. Only two clinical exacerbations were registered (one each in the first and second year) during two years of treatment among all 34 patients, the average frequency of exacerbations was 0.05 per year; in three cases, a subclinical exacerbation was noted - new Gd+ lesions on T2-weighted images on MRI, the total number of events was 0.15 per year. No significant adverse events were reported.Conclusion. Cladribine tablets are a highly effective and safe treatment option for HAMS.
Treatment of spasticity in patients with the consequences of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kovalenko A. P. , Vozniuk I. A. , Naumov K. M. , Lobzin V. Yu. , Kirtaev S. Yu. 
Published: February 2022

Up to 16–20% of patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), regardless of its severity, suffer from pronounced spasticity, cognitive, vestibular and motor disorders. At the same time, data on the effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of post-traumatic spasticity is lacking.Objective: to assess the effectiveness of peripheral myorelaxants (botulinum neurotoxin type A) in the treatment of past-traumatic spasticity.Patients and methods. 21 male patients aged 25 to 48 years with post-traumatic spastic hemiparesis (at least 6 months after the injury) were examined. 450 to 850 U (mean – 650 U) of BoNT (incobotulinumtoxin) was injected into the spastic muscles of the upper and lower extremities. The follow-up assessment of spasticity and paresis was performed 24±3 days after BoNT injection. Patterns of spasticity were studied: shoulder adduction, elbow joint flexion, forearm pronation, hand and finger flexion, hip adduction, shin flexion, foot flexion, toe flexion. The following methods were used: original methods of manual testing (MMT) of spasticity, Tardieu scale (TS), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS) to assess paresis.Results and discussion. 24±3 days after incobotulotoxin administration, we observed a significant 1.5–2-fold decrease in spasticity angle (xS) and a reduction in the angle of neuromuscular reactivity (xV3) by 15–30° in all the studied patterns. Changes of xV1 (muscle extensibility) and xA (muscle strength) were not significant. No adverse reactions were observed. The use of MMT and TS has shown its effectiveness and specificity in the evaluation of spasticity and effectiveness of BoNT, and in the dynamics of muscle condition.Conclusion. The study showed the feasibility of using MMT and TS in the evaluation and assessment of spasticity, as well as the effectiveness and safety of incobotulinumtoxin (Xeomin) in dosages from 450 to 850 U in the treatment of spasticity of the upper and lower extremities in patients with the consequences of TBI.
Effect of vitamin D and other indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on cognitive functions and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Novotnyy D. A. , Zhukova N. G. , Shperling L. P. , Stolyarova V. A. , Zhukova I. A. , Agasheva A. E. , Shtaimets S. V. , Druzhinina O. A. , Shirokikh I. V. 
Published: February 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, there has been growing interest in identifying early preclinical disease symptoms and searching for their laboratory markers in recent decades.Objective: to studythe relationship between vitamin D levels, phosphorus-calcium metabolism and clinical manifestations of PD.Patients and methods. Serum levels of total vitamin D (VD), as well as total calcium, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), inorganic phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed in 138 patients with PD. The severity of the disease was verified according to the Hoehn-Yar criteria, the clinical symptoms of the disease were verified using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), the evaluation also included the quality of life (QoL) scales for patients with PD (PDQ-39), anxiety and depression (HADS), and Beck depression inventory, assessment of cognitive functions (CF) according to MoCA. Then, we analyzed the effect of vitamin D levels and other indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on the severity of PD clinical symptoms.Results and discussion. Patients with PD had a significant impact of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on CF, assessed by MoCA scale and the PDQ-39 subscale “Cognitive functions”. A joint direct impact of vitamin D levels (β=0.111; p=0.002), PTH (β=0.02; p=0.037) and the indirect effect of AP (β=-0.028; p=0.027) on CF was revealed. A direct effect of the level of inorganic phosphorus (β=5.932; p=0.001) and AP (β=0.055; p=0.025) on the QoL of patients with PD was observed.Conclusion. Cognitive decline in PD patients is directly related to vitamin D and PTH levels. At the same time, the lower the QoL of patients with PD, the lower the serum vitamin D level was, serving as an early predictor of cognitive decline in patients with PD.
Validation of the Russian version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics – 9 items (SAVE-9) among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mosolova E. S. , Chung S. , Sosin D. N. , Mosolov S. N. 
Published: February 2022

Over the past two years, healthcare workers have been daily saving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in life-threatening conditions. These circumstances contribute to an increase in the psychopathological disorders in this social group. However, today there is no validated questionnaire that allows to quickly and effectively identify the group of healthcare workers with high levels of stress and anxiety during the pandemic in Russia.Objective: to validate the Russian version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic scale (SAVE-9).Patients and methods. The study was a cross-sectional online survey of 1090 frontline healthcare workers. Stress and anxiety symptoms were assessed using SAVE-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales, respectively. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed to determine the internal structure of SAVE-9 scale. ROC-analysis was used to identify the validity of the SAVE-9 compared with GAD-7 and its cut-off score.Results and discussion. The principal component analysis showed a two-factor structure of SAVE-9. Factor 1 was associated with anxiety and somatic symptoms, factor 2 – with social stress. Cronbach's alpha=0,787. The total score of SAVE-9 with a high degree of confidence predicted the GAD-7 value in ROC-analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.808; 95% confidence interval 0.768–0.847 (p=0.0001), which corresponded to the model's good quality. The appropriate cut-off score was determined as 18.Conclusion. We demonstrated the validity of the new SAVE-9 scale, which can be used as a specific screening method to detect high levels of anxiety and stress in healthcare workers during a viral outbreak.
Comparative evaluation of psychopharmacotherapy of atypical depression in bipolar and recurrent affective disorder, psychogenic depression
Authors: Verbitskaya M. S. , Tyuvina N. A. , Tyulpin Yu. G. , Krenkel G. L. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: to evaluate the treatment effectiveness for atypical depression (AtD) depending on its nosology: in bipolar affective disorder (BAD), recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) and psychogenic depression (PD).Patients and methods. A total of 250 patients with depression were screened, of which 77 patients with symptoms of AtD were enrolled in the study, 35 of them with BAD, 18 with RDD, and 24 with PD. Patients in all three groups received an antidepressant (AD) or a mood stabilizer (MS) monotherapy, or a combination of AD and antipsychotic (A), AD and A, MS and A, as well as a combination of AD, A and MS. The patients' condition was assessed clinically using a specially designed questionnaire and MADRS and CGI scales at the baseline and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 12th weeks of treatment. Quality of life satisfaction was assessed with the Q-LES-Q-SF (Scoring the Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire) scale at the treatment onset and after the 12th week of treatment.Results and discussion. Treatment regimens that included AD were the most eff in all groups of patients with AtD. The proportion of responders among those who received AD for bipolar disorder (75% or more) was significantly higher than among those who did not receive it (˂50%). In the RDD and PD groups, patients responded significantly better to AD monotherapy (RDD – 93.2%; PD – 91.5%) compared to other regimens. Agomelatine was the most frequently used (31.8%) and effective AD in all groups. Also, escitalopram, vortioxetine, and venlafaxine (p˂0.05) showed high efficacy, good tolerance, and absence of side effects that aggravate the main symptoms that characterize AtD. Among the antipsychotics in combination with AD, sulpiride was significantly more effective in patients with PD (p˂0.05). The highest rates of quality of life satisfaction were achieved in the BAD group, the lowest – in patients with PD (p˂0.05), which indirectly indicates the quality of remission, which is determined not only by the degree of reduction of depressive symptoms but also by the patients' subjective perception of their mental state.Conclusion. The inclusion of AD in the AtD treatment regimen significantly increases its effectiveness in patients of all groups, including BAD. AtD treatment should be administered not only taking into account its clinical signs and severity, but also depending on the nosology of the disease, the characteristics of its course. During drug administration, it is necessary to consider the spectrum of side effects, especially those that increase the symptoms of AtD itself.
The efficacy and safety of ipidacrine in patients with idiopathic neuropathy of the facial nerve (PELICAN study)
Authors: Samartsev I. N. , Zhivolupov S. A. , Ponomarev V. V. , Markova M. N. , Magomedov K. R. 
Published: February 2022

Idiopathic facial nerve neuropathy (FNN), or Bell's palsy, is characterized by a manifest neurological defect and a pronounced decrease in the quality of life of patients.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipidacrine in patients with FNN in an open-label observational study.Patients and methods. The study included 35 patients with FNN, who were divided into two groups. Treatment in the main group (n=20) included the basic regimen (glucocorticoids, B vitamins, pentoxifylline, glycine, a complex of non-pharmacological therapies), as well as the anticholinesterase drug ipidacrine (Ipigrix). Treatment of patients in the control group (n=15) was limited to the basic regimen. The followup was six months. The treatment effectiveness was assessed with the House-Brackmann scale, FaCE (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation), SAQ (The Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire), electroneuromyography (ENMG), and determining the number of patients with indications for botulinum therapy.Results and discussion. After six months of treatment, more significant restoration of facial nerve function was observed in the main group, according to the House-Brackmann scale (1.4±0.5), FaCE (90±9.8), and ENMG results, compared to the control group (HouseBrackmann – 1.9±0.7 points, FaCE – 78±11.8 points; p<0.05). There were no intergroup differences in the SAQ scores (main group – 42.1±16.1 points, control group – 48.6±12.9 points; p=0.203) and the number of patients with indications for botulinum therapy. Predictors of the synkinesis were pronounced damage to the branches of n. facialis at the disease onset according to the clinical examination (4 and 5 points on the House-Brackmann scale), I degree of severity according to ENMG, pain >75 mm on the visual analog scale, poor recovery of facial nerve function in the first month of treatment (3 and 4 points on the House–Brackmann scale).Conclusion. The use of ipidacrine in the complex treatment of patients with FNN improves the efficiency of restoration of the function of the facial nerve after 6 months without increasing the risk of pathological synkinesis.
Effect of foreign direct investment on gross national income in Nigeria, 2006-2017
Authors: Ani Kelechi Johnmary , Onu Chigozie 
Published: March 2022

Effect of foreign direct investment on gross national income in Nigeria, 2006-2017

Kelechi Johnmary Ani
Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Nigeria
E-mail: kelechi.ani@funai.edu.ng

Chigozie Onu
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria
E-mail: asiano.jc@gmail.com

Submission: 11/4/2020
Revision: 12/15/2020
Accept: 1/5/2021

ABSTRACT
The study analyzed the effect of foreign direct investment on gross national income over the period of 2006- 2019. The main type of data used in this study is secondary; which were sourced from various publications of Central Bank of Nigeria, such as; Statistical Bulletin, Annual Reports and Statement of Accounts. The regression analysis of the ordinary least square (OLS) is the estimation technique that was employed in this study to determine the effect of the Direct Foreign Investment on gross national income in Nigeria. The cointegration test showed existence of a long run relationship and an indication that 1 cointegrating vectors exist at 5% level of significance among the variables which was corrected with error correction mode (ECM). The result showed that foreign direct investment had a positive effect on gross national income during the period 2006 – 2019. It also revealed that gross domestic product, exchange rate and unemployment rate has a positive effect on gross national income in Nigeria during the same period. The study recommends that government should try to develop trade zones, which are solely based on free economic movements and policies. The study recommends official re-consideration of different determinants of gross national income (GNI) attractions. Government incentives, infrastructure and policies should be put in place to make it easy for general foreign investors, to find Nigeria safe and reliable to invest. Finally, unique fiscal and monetary policies should be formed to strengthen the other macroeconomic variables which will help to overcome the situation of shocks in Nigeria while hosting Foreign Direct Investment inflow for future sustainable economic development.
Modeling, Analysis and Physics Informed Neural Network approaches for studying the dynamics of COVID-19 involving human-human and human-pathogen interaction
Authors: Nguyen Long , Raissi Maziar , Seshaiyer Padmanabhan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 is considered in the presence of both human-to-human transmission as well as environment-to-human transmission. Specifically, we expand and modify traditional epidemiological model for COVID-19 by incorporating a compartment to study the dynamics of pathogen concentration in the environmental reservoir, for instance concentration of droplets in closed spaces. We perform a mathematical analysis for the model proposed including an endemic equilibrium analysis as well as a next-generation approach both of which help to derive the basic reproduction number. We also study the e˚cacy of wearing a facemask through this model. Another important contribution of this work is the introduction to physics informed deep learning methods (PINNs) to study the dynamics. We propose this as an alternative to traditional numerical methods for solving system of differential equations used to describe dynamics of infectious diseases. Our results show that the proposed PINNs approach is a reliable candidate for both solving such systems and for helping identify important parameters that control the disease dynamics.