bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. leaves extract and its modified cysteine preparation for the management of insulin resistance: chemical analysis and bioactivity
Authors: Kravchenko Ganna , Krasilnikova Oksana , Raal Ain , Mazen Matar , Chaika Natalia , Kireyev Igor , Grytsyk Andriy , Koshovyi Oleh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L.) is a perennial plant of the heather family (Ericaceae). The leaves are dominated by arbutin, phenol carbonic acids flavonoids, saponins, etc. It was previously shown that the bearberry leaves extract reduced blood glucose level in healthy animals under glucose overload, so it need to be studied more detail. The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition and the effect of dry alcohol extract from bearberry leaves, which enriched with cysteine, on the rats pancreas under experimental dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance (IR). Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. leaves extract and its modified cysteine preparation were obtained according to the developed method with 50% ethanol solution. Their phytochemical profile, hypoglycaemic and pancreatic protective effect were investigated. Phenologlycoside (arbutin), phenolic carboxylic acid (gallic acid), 5 flavonoids and 4 hydroxycinnamic acids were identified and quantified in the extracts by HPLC. Present data revealed that bearberry leaves alcoholic dry extract enriched with cysteine has a hypoglycaemic and pancreatic protective effect in treated animals under dexamethasone-induced IR model. Treatment improved hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and beta cell reduction induced by dexamethasone injections.
Graphical Abstract
Assessment of manual perioperative anesthesia record-keeping practice: A multicenter; descriptive cross-sectional study, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Misganaw Abebaw , Seyoum Fetene 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the practice of manual perioperative anesthesia record-keeping in Debre Markos and Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized hospitals from May to June 2022.

Methods:
A descriptive study was undergone from May 1 to June 30, 2022 at two Hospitals that are under Amhara regional health bureau. To retrieve and analyze manual anesthesia record-keeping practice, a checklist was developed from manual perioperative anesthesia record sheet of study hospitals and the American society of anesthesiologists which comprises indicators with corresponding predefined components. The checklist comprised questions with three alternatives “complete” for full data recorded, “incomplete” for partial data recorded, and “No” for totally missed data. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data.

Result:
The name of the anesthetist was recorded as our expectation which means 100% complete. The name of the surgeon was the second most frequently recorded preoperative related indicator with a completion rate of 98.4%. Other preoperative indicators like last food/drink, current/previous medications, alcoholic/cigarette hx, pregnancy, cardiovascular, other system, and laboratory also not recorded in an eligible way. The anesthesia record completion rate was below fifty percent in many intraoperative indicators.

Conclusion:
and recommendation: Most of the perioperative anesthesia recording indicators were found poorly recorded or below the standards. Information about preoperative patient condition and identity, intraoperative drug administrations, monitoring related information, and postoperative orders regarding pain and fluid management are among inadequately/illegibly recorded indicators. We recommend different interventional strategies like training, refresher course on the importance of the anesthetic record, and regular feedback for anesthetists improves the practice of manual anesthesia record-keeping.

Highlights
Inward turning base-bleed technique for base drag reduction
Authors: Paul S. , Vinoth Raj A. , Senthil Kumar C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper consists of CFD and experimental study for shell projectile at angle of attack 00 and at various Mach numbers (0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0), without spin effect. Passive method of base modification is used to reduce base drag. The goal of this study is to reduce base drag by utilising a base bleed approach called the Inward Turning Base Bleed Method (IWTB). The concept of IWTB is to draw relatively high-pressure air behind the driving band and allow it to pass through the bleed holes and direct it into the low-pressure base. This will in turn raise the base pressure and lower the base drag. The study comprises of (i) basic model with a boattail angle of
$8^{\circ}$
, (ii) eight different cavity models having different lip thickness and depth thickness ratios and (iii) nine different IWTB configurations for the optimised cavity model. At first, cavity model is optimised by varying the lip thickness and depth thickness ratio. Later IWTB parameters such as the bleed hole entry angles
$10^{\circ}$
,
$12^{\circ}$
&
$15^{\circ}$
, exit bleed hole angles
$30^{\circ}$
,
$45^{\circ}$
&
$60^{\circ}$
, bleed hole diameters 3mm, 4mm, 5mm & 6mm and number of bleed holes i.e., 4 & 8 were studied and optimised. Based on this study, the model with 8 holes, 3mm base bleed hole diameter,
$15^{\circ}$
entry and
$60^{\circ}$
exit angle gives comparatively lower base drag. CFD result shows, in supersonic region the base drag reduction for optimised shell projectile is
$3.08\%$
; at Mach number 0.9 the base reduction is
$75.63\%$
; and in subsonic region it reduces to
$23.53\%$
. CFD results were compared with experimental result, is found to be good and the differences lies within
$3.85\%$
.
Test-retest reliability of prepulse inhibition (PPI) and PPI correlation with working memory
Authors: Freudenberg Florian , Althen Heike , Falk Kim , Bittner Robert A. , Reif Andreas , Plichta Michael M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:Sensorimotor gating is experimentally operationalized by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response (SR). Previous studies suggest high test-retest reliability of PPI and potential correlation with working memory (WM). Here, we aimed to validate and extend the test-retest reliability of PPI in healthy humans and its correlation with WM performance.Methods:We applied an acoustic startle PPI paradigm with four different prepulse intensities (64, 68, 72 and 76 dB) and two different WM tasks [n-back, change detection task (CDT)] in a group of 26 healthy adults (final sample size n = 23). To assess test-retest reliability, we performed all tests on two separate days ~27 days (range: 21–32 days) apart.Results:We were able to confirm high test-retest reliability of the PPI with a mean intraclass correlation (ICC) of > 0.80 and significant positive correlation of PPI with n-back but not with CDT performance. Detailed analysis showed that PPI across all prepulse intensities significantly correlated with both the 2-back and 0-back conditions, suggesting regulation by cross-conditional processes (e.g. attention). However, when removing the 0-back component from the 2-back data, we found a specific and significant correlation with WM for the 76-dB PPI condition.Conclusion:With the present study, we were able to confirm the high test-retest reliability of the PPI in humans and could validate and expand on its correlation with WM performance.
Prospective within-family bidirectional effects between parental emotion socialization practices and Chinese adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment
Authors: Cui Lixian , Sun Qian , Way Niobe , Waters Theodore E. A. , Li Xuan , Zhang Cong , Zhang Guangzhen , Chen Xinyin , Okazaki Sumie , Yoshikawa Hirokazu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious research indicates that parental emotion socialization (ES) practices play important roles in adolescents’ social and emotional development. However, longitudinal studies testing bidirectional effects are relatively scarce. Additionally, most studies have focused on people from Western societies. In the current 3-year, multi-informant, longitudinal study of Chinese adolescents and their parents, we investigated prospective bidirectional effects between parental positive ES practices and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment (i.e., self-esteem and depressive symptoms). Adolescents (N= 710 at T1, 50% boys,Mage = 12.41,SD= 0.59) reported on parental positive ES practices and their own depressive symptoms and self-esteem when they were in 7th, 8th, and 9thgrade. Mothers and fathers reported on their own use of positive ES practices at all three time points. We utilized a random intercept cross-lagged panel model to examine between- and within-family effects. Overall results showed robust effects of adolescent depressive symptoms on parental positive ES practices and bidirectional effects between parental ES and adolescent self-esteem. Effects differed by informants whether using adolescent-perceived data, or mother- or father-reported data. However, these child effects and bidirectional effects did not differ by adolescent sex. Our findings add to the understanding of parental ES and adolescent psychosocial adjustment.
The role of parenting in the intergenerational transmission of executive functioning: A genetically informed approach
Authors: Tomlinson Rachel C. , Hyde Luke W. , Weigard Alexander S. , Klump Kelly L. , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeficits in executive functioning both run in families and serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. The present study employed twin modeling to examine parenting as an environmental pathway underlying the intergenerational transmission of executive functioning in an at-risk community sample of children and adolescents (N= 354 pairs, 167 monozygotic). Using structural equation modeling of multi-informant reports of parenting and a multi-method measure of child executive functioning, we found that better parent executive functioning related to less harsh, warmer parenting, which in turn related to better child executive functioning. Second, we assessed the etiology of executive functioning via the nuclear twin family model, finding large non-shared environmental effects (E= .69) and low-to-moderate heritability (A= .22). We did not find evidence of shared environmental effects or passive genotype–environment correlation. Third, a bivariate twin model revealed significant shared environmental overlap between both warm and harsh parenting and child executive functioning (which may indicate either passive genotype–environment correlation or environmental mediation), and non-shared environmental overlap between only harsh parenting and child executive functioning (indicating an effect of harsh parenting separable from genetic confounds). In summary, genetics contribute to the intergenerational transmission of executive functioning, with environmental mechanisms, including harsh parenting, also making unique contributions.
Regionalization in a Global Hydrologic Deep Learning Model: From Physical Descriptors to Random Vectors
Authors: Li Xiang , Khandelwal Ankush , Jia Xiaowei , Cutler Kelly , Ghosh Rahul , Renganathan Arvind , Xu Shaoming , Tayal Kshitij , Nieber John , Duffy Christopher , Steinbach Michael , Kumar Vipin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStreamflow prediction is a long‐standing hydrologic problem. Development of models for streamflow prediction often requires incorporation of catchment physical descriptors to characterize the associated complex hydrological processes. Across different scales of catchments, these physical descriptors also allow models to extrapolate hydrologic information from one catchment to others, a process referred to as “regionalization”. Recently, in gauged basin scenarios, deep learning models have been shown to achieve state of the art regionalization performance by building a global hydrologic model. These models predict streamflow given catchment physical descriptors and weather forcing data. However, these physical descriptors are by their nature uncertain, sometimes incomplete, or even unavailable in certain cases, which limits the applicability of this approach. In this paper, we show that by assigning a vector of random values as a surrogate for catchment physical descriptors, we can achieve robust regionalization performance under a gauged prediction scenario. Our results show that the deep learning model using our proposed random vector approach achieves a predictive performance comparable to that of the model using actual physical descriptors. The random vector approach yields robust performance under different data sparsity scenarios and deep learning model selections. Furthermore, based on the use of random vectors, high‐dimensional characterization improves regionalization performance in gauged basin scenario when physical descriptors are uncertain, or insufficient.
Water‐Induced Diamond Formation at Earth's Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Ko Byeongkwan , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Chen Bin , Garnero Edward J. , Li Mingming , Shim Sang‐Heon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe carbon and water cycles in the Earth's interior are linked to key planetary processes, such as mantle melting, degassing, chemical differentiation, and advection. However, the role of water in the carbon exchange between the mantle and core is not well known. Here, we show experimental results of a reaction between Fe3C and H2O at pressures and temperatures of the deep mantle and core‐mantle boundary (CMB). The reaction produces diamond, FeO, and FeHx, suggesting that water can liberate carbon from the core in the form of diamond (“core carbon extraction”) while the core gains hydrogen, if subducted water reaches to the CMB. Therefore, Earth's deep water and carbon cycles can be linked. The extracted core carbon can explain a significant amount of the present‐day mantle carbon. Also, if diamond can be collected by mantle flow in the region, it can result in unusually high seismic‐velocity structures.
The Role of Extratropical Pacific in Crossing ENSO Spring Predictability Barrier
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Jin Yishuai , Li Jianping , Capotondi Antonietta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the impacts of extratropical Pacific on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) spring predictability barrier (SPB). Using an empirical dynamical model – Linear Inverse Model (LIM), we find that the dynamics of the northern and southern extratropical Pacific can significantly and equally weaken the Eastern Pacific (EP)‐ENSO SPB, while the North Pacific is more important for weakening the Central Pacific (CP)‐ENSO SPB. The evolution of the extratropical optimum initial structures illustrates the different roles of the northern and southern extratropical Pacific in crossing EP and CP ENSO SPBs and demonstrates the decisive role that the South Pacific initial condition plays in ENSO diversity. Additionally, the extratropical Pacific greatly influences the forecast skill of El Niño during SPB, while tropical dynamics may be more important for crossing the SPB of La Niña.
Electron‐Scale Reconnection in Three‐Dimensional Shock Turbulence
Authors: Ng J. , Chen L.‐J. , Bessho N. , Shuster J. , Burkholder B. , Yoo J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnetic reconnection has been observed in the transition region of quasi‐parallel shocks. In this work, the particle‐in‐cell method is used to simulate three‐dimensional reconnection in a quasi‐parallel shock. The shock transition region is turbulent, leading to the formation of reconnecting current sheets with various orientations. Two reconnection sites with weak and strong guide fields are studied, and it is shown that reconnection is fast and transient. Reconnection sites are characterized using diagnostics including electron flows and magnetic flux transport. In contrast to two‐dimensional simulations, weak guide field reconnection is realized. Furthermore, the current sheets in these events form in a direction almost perpendicular to those found in two‐dimensional simulations, where the reconnection geometry is constrained.
Spatio‐Temporal Structure of Far Ultraviolet Martian Dayglow Observed by EMM‐EMUS
Authors: England S. L. , Jain S. , Deighan J. , Chaffin M. , Holsclaw G. , Evans J. S. , Correira J. , Fillingim M. O. , Lillis R. L. , Almatroushi H. , Lootah F. , Almazmi H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMars' ultraviolet dayglow has been used to study its upper atmosphere for over four decades. Identifying variations in emission features has provided information on composition, density, and temperature. The Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer onboard the Emirates Mars Mission observes Mars' dayglow at Far and Extreme UV wavelengths. Variations in disk emission features are studied, with a focus on O I 130.4, CO Fourth Positive Group and C I 156.1 nm. All show variations with local time (LT) and emission angle as expected. Dawn‐dusk asymmetry observed is attributed to LT differences in advection. Variations in the brightness of several dayglow features, including 130.4 nm, with irregular shapes are noted in around 25% of the disk images. These display some LT and hemispheric asymmetry in their occurrence rates. Examination of their spatial structure, occurrence, and spectra suggests these are associated with variations in composition and photoelectron flux.
Heterogeneous Subgreenschist Deformation in an Exhumed Sediment‐Poor Mélange
Authors: Leah H. , Fagereng Å. , Groome N. , Buchs D. , Eijsink A. , Niemeijer A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany described subduction complexes (or mélanges) exhumed from seismogenic depths comprise thick, turbidite‐dominated sequences with deformed zones containing clasts or boudins of more competent sandstone and/or basalt. In contrast, many active subduction zones have a relatively small thickness of sedimentary inputs (<2 km), turbidite sequences are commonly accreted rather than subducted, and the role of pelagic sediments and basalt (lavas and hyaloclastites) in the deforming zone near the plate interface at <20 km depth is poorly understood. Field investigation of Neoproterozoic oceanic sequences accreted in the Gwna Complex, Anglesey, UK, reveals repeated lenticular slices of variably sampled ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) bounded by thin mélange‐bearing shear zones. Mélange matrix material is derived from adjacent OPS lithologies and is either dominantly illitic, likely derived from altered siliciclastic sediment, or chloritic, likely derived from altered volcanics. In the illitic mélange, mutually cross‐cutting phyllosilicate foliation and variably deformed chlorite‐quartz‐calcite veins suggest ductile creep was cyclically punctuated by transient, localized fluid pulses. Chlorite thermometry indicates the veins formed at 260 ± 10°C. In the chloritic mélange, recrystallized through‐going calcite veins are deformed to shear strains of 4–5 within a foliated chlorite matrix, suggesting calcite veins in subducting volcanics may localize deformation in the seismogenic zone. Shear stress‐strain rate curves constructed using existing empirical relationships in a simplified shear zone geometry predict that slip velocities varied depending on pore fluid pressure; models predict slow slip velocities preferentially by frictional sliding in chlorite, at pore fluid pressures greater than hydrostatic but less than lithostatic.
Association between obesity and COVID-19 mortality and length of stay in intensive care unit patients in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Paravidino Vitor Barreto , Leite Tatiana Henriques , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Sichieri Rosely , Azevedo e Silva Gulnar , Cravo Victor , Balduino Alex , Salgueiro Emmanuel , Besen Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro , Moreira Rodrigo de Carvalho , Brandão Carlos Eduardo , Gomes Danilo Cosme Klein , Assemany Cinthia Almeida Guimarães , Cougo Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and COVID-19 mortality and length of stay in ICU patients, and how these associations were modified by age groups. We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study with data obtained from a hospital-based registry. The sample consisted of 8183 ICU hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Cox proportional models were used to evaluate the association between BMI categories and COVID-19 mortality and generalized linear models for the length of stay in the ICU. After adjusting for confounders, those in the younger group with severe obesity had an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality compared to those with normal/overweight (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.61). An increased risk of death was also observed for patients with underweight (HR 3.74; 95% CI 1.39–10.07). For patients aged ≥ 60 year, mild/moderate obesity was associated with reduced mortality risk (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78–0.97). For the age group < 60 year, the length of stay in ICU for those patients with severe obesity was 35% higher compared to the normal/overweight category (eβ 1.35; 95% CI 1.21–1.51). Conversely, for the survivors in the underweight category, the length of stay in ICU was 51% lower compared to the normal/overweight group (eβ 0.49; 95% CI 0.31–0.78). In the age group ≥ 60 year, mild/moderate obesity was associated with an increased length of stay in the ICU (eβ 1.10; 95% CI 1.01–1.21), adjusting for confounders. These findings could be helpful for health professionals to identify subgroups at higher risk for worse outcomes.
The circRNA circADAMTS6 promotes progression of ESCC and correlates with prognosis
Authors: Bu Jing , Gu Lina , Liu Xin , Nan Xixi , Zhang Xiangmei , Meng Lingjiao , Zheng Yang , Liu Fei , Li Jiali , Li Ziyi , Sang Meixiang , Shan Baoen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA, which play a vital role in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). While the role of novel circADAMTS6 in ESCC remains unknown. We assessed circADAMTS6 expression in ESCC tissues and cells, and the relationship between circADAMTS6 expression and overall survival of ESCC patients. Functional experiments in vitro and xenograft in vivo assay were applied to explore the functions and mechanisms of circADAMTS6 in ESCC. Results found that up-regulation of circADAMTS6 was associated with poor overall survival and may acted as an independent risk factor for ESCC prognosis. Knockdown of circADAMTS6 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells and growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Induced AGR2 expression was able to rescue the loss of function induced by si-circADAMTS6 in KYSE150 cell. CircADAMTS6 may acts as oncogene by activating AGR2 and the Hippo signaling pathway coactivator YAP in ESCC.