bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyramiding of multiple strong-culm genes originating from indica and tropical japonica to the temperate japonica rice
Authors: Ookawa Taiichiro , Nomura Tomohiro , Kamahora Eri , Jiang Mingjin , Ochiai Yusuke , Samadi Ahmad Fahim , Yamaguchi Takuya , Adachi Shunsuke , Katsura Keisuke , Motobayashi Takashi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSevere lodging has recurrently occurred at strong typhoon’s hitting in recent climate change. The identification of quantitative trait loci and their responsible genes associated with a strong culm and their pyramiding are important for developing high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance. To evaluate the effects of four strong-culm genes on lodging resistance, the temperate japonica near isogenic line (NIL) with the introgressed SCM1 or SCM2 locus of the indica variety, Habataki and the other NIL with the introgeressed SCM3 or SCM4 locus of the tropical japonica variety, Chugoku 117 were developed. Then, we developed the pyramiding lines with double,triple and quadruple combinations derived from step-by-step crosses among NIL-SCM1–NIL-SCM4. Quadruple pyramiding line (NIL-SCM1 + 2 + 3 + 4) showed the largest culm diameter and the highest culm strength among the combinations and increased spikelet number due to the pleiotropic effects of these genes. Pyramiding of strong culm genes resulted in much increased culm thickness, culm strength and spikelet number due to their additive effect. SCM1 mainly contributed to enhance their pyramiding effect. These results in this study suggest the importance of identifying the combinations of superior alleles of strong culm genes among natural variation and pyramiding these genes for improving high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance.
SPHERE adaptive optics performance for faint targets
Authors: Jones M. I. , Milli J. , Blanchard I. , Wahhaj Z. , De Rosa R. J. , Romero C. , Ihanec N. 
Published: September 2022

Context. High-contrast imaging is a powerful technique for detecting and characterizing planetary companions at orbital separations ≳100 mas from their parent stars.
Aims. We aim to study the limiting magnitude of the VLT/SPHERE adaptive optics (AO) system and the corresponding instrument performance for faint targets (G ≥ 11.0 mag).
Methods. We computed the coronagraphic H-band raw contrast and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the non-coronagraphic point spread function (PSF), for a total of 111 different stars observed between 2016 and 2022 with IRDIS. For this, we processed a large number of individual frames that were obtained under different atmospheric conditions. We then compared the resulting raw contrast and the PSF shape as a function of the visible wave front sensor (WFS) instant flux, which scales with the G-band stellar magnitude. We repeated this analysis for the top 10% (TCAT10) and top 30% (TCAT38) best turbulence conditions on Cerro Paranal.
Results. We found a strong decrease in the coronagraphic contrast for stars fainter than G ∼ 12.5 mag, even under the best atmospheric conditions. In this regime, the AO correction is dominated by the read-out noise of the WFS detector. In particular we found roughly a factor of 10 decrease in the raw contrast ratio between stars with G ∼ 12.5 and G ∼ 14.0 mag. Similarly, we observed a sharp increase in the FWHM of the non-coronagraphic PSF beyond G ∼ 12.5 mag, and a corresponding decrease in the strehl ratio from ∼0.5 to ∼0.2 for the faintest stars. The decrease in the contrast ratio and PSF sharpness is slightly more pronounced for TCAT38 than for TCAT18.
Some new results on the k-tuple domination number of graphs
Authors: Martinez Abel Cabrera 
Published: September 2022

Let k ≥ 1 be an integer and G be a graph of minimum degree δ(G) ≥ k − 1. A set D ⊆ V(G) is said to be a k-tuple dominating set of G if |N[v] ∩ D| ≥ k for every vertex v ∈ V(G), where N[v] represents the closed neighbourhood of vertex v. The minimum cardinality among all k-tuple dominating sets is the k-tuple domination number of G. In this paper, we continue with the study of this classical domination parameter in graphs. In particular, we provide some relationships that exist between the k-tuple domination number and other classical parameters, like the multiple domination parameters, the independence number, the diameter, the order and the maximum degree. Also, we show some classes of graphs for which these relationships are achieved.
Do workers benefit from economic upgrading in the Pearl River Delta, China?
Authors: Wang Xu , Chan Chris King-Chi , Yang Linchuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEconomic upgrading (EU) is being undertaken in China to address numerous problems. However, its social consequences have not received considerable attention. This study selects the Pearl River Delta, where EU is prominent, to examine whether and how workers have benefited from EU process. The data used are from the 2012 and 2014 China Labor-force Dynamic Survey and self-conducted interviews, both of which cover measurable standards and enabling rights of workers. Based on the results of direct comparison and linear/logistic regression, this study argues that EU has a positive effect on social upgrading (SU) because state intervention and regulation play a shaping role in balancing the EU and SU. China’s state has achieved a good balance among its roles of facilitation, regulation, and distribution. Compared to SU on enabling rights, SU on measurable standards is likely to occur because measurable standards are easily quantified and observed and thus are at the center of workers’ occupational conditions at this stage. The state is inclined to pay more attention to measurable standards than enabling rights. The mechanism through which local states interfere with different aspects of SU considerably varies. Local states adopt flexible governance to strike the right balance between EU and SU.
Numerical study of stripping and stray particles for the one-RF-driver NBI negative ion source prototype of CFETR
Authors: Song Fei , Zou Guiqing , Li Dong , Zuo Chen , Chen Peng , Chen Dezhi , Lei Guangjiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The prototype for a negative hydrogen ion source for neutral beam injection of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor is being developed at the Southwest Institute of Physics. To study the physics of negative ion beam transport and to optimize the design of the source, the stripping loss and the stray particles’ impacts on the one-RF-driver prototype are analyzed. Collision simulation, including both the beam-gas collisions and the particle-grid collisions, is carried out basing on the results of gas flow evaluation and particle tracing. The stripping loss, the distribution of stray particles and the heat loads are calculated, comparing two configurations of grounded grid (GG) (multiaperture or multislot). At the source filling pressure of 0.3 Pa and the vessel pressure 0.05 Pa, the extraction voltage being 8 kV and the acceleration voltage 200 kV and the extraction grid (EG) magnet peak of ±45 mT, the stripping loss of the 200 A m−2 H− beam can be reduced from 25% to 20% by changing GG from multiapertures to multislots. The H− proportion in the total current at 40 mm after GG, however, shows smaller change than the reduction of the stripping loss possibly because the multislot GG’s larger transparency increases the chance for the stray particles to pass through GG. The total heat load on EG in the two cases with different GG configurations are both around 66 kW, while the GG heat load is reduced from 45 kW for multiapertures to 17 kW for multislots. The study provides good comprehension of the transport process and useful guidance for practical operations.
Electron power absorption in capacitively coupled neon–oxygen plasmas: a comparison of experimental and computational results
Authors: Derzsi A , Hartmann P , Vass M , Horváth B , Gyulai M , Korolov I , Schulze J , Donkó Z 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy (PROES) measurements combined with 1d3v particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) simulations are used to study the electron power absorption and excitation/ionization dynamics in capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) in mixtures of neon and oxygen gases. The study is performed for a geometrically symmetric CCP reactor with a gap length of 2.5 cm at a driving frequency of 10 MHz and a peak-to-peak voltage of 350 V. The pressure of the gas mixture is varied between 15 Pa and 500 Pa, while the neon/oxygen concentration is tuned between 10% and 90%. For all discharge conditions, the spatio-temporal distributions of the electron-impact excitation rate from the Ne ground state into the Ne 2p53p0 state measured by PROES and obtained from PIC/MCC simulations show good qualitative agreement. Based on the emission/excitation patterns, multiple operation regimes are identified. Localized bright emission features at the bulk boundaries, caused by local maxima in the electronegativity are found at high pressures and high O2 concentrations. The relative contributions of the ambipolar and the Ohmic electron power absorption are found to vary strongly with the discharge parameters: the Ohmic power absorption is enhanced by both the high collisionality at high pressures and the high electronegativity at low pressures. In the wide parameter regime covered in this study, the PROES measurements are found to accurately represent the ionization dynamics, i.e. the discharge operation mode. This work represents also a successful experimental validation of the discharge model developed for neon–oxygen CCPs.
Symmetry-enforced electronic nodal straight lines in CsNb3SBr7
Authors: Yuan Qiulin , Wang Zhenwei , Wang Zhengxuan , Shi Xianbiao , Wang Guangtao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We propose the quaternary-compounds CsNb3SBr7 is a nodal-straight-line semimetal candidate based on the first-principles calculations and symmetry analyses. There are a pair of nodal straight lines locate in the k

z
= 0 plane of Brillouin zone, which is protected by the crystal symmetry. The topological properties of nodal-straight-line state are characterized by the nontrivial Berry phase and Berry curvature. On the (001) surface of CsNb3SBr7, Fermi arcs form the belt-like surface state, connecting the nodal straight lines with opposite chirality. Furthermore, the Hofstadter’s butterfly and optical conductivity are investigated using a slab sample. These results not only reveal the symmetric protection mechanism of nodal straight lines, but also pave a way for exploring the electronic and optical properties of CsNb3SBr7 in further condensed matter physics experiments.
CMB lensing from Planck PR4 maps
Authors: Carron Julien , Mirmelstein Mark , Lewis Antony 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe reconstruct the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) lensing potential on the latest Planck CMB PR4 (NPIPE) maps, which include slightly more data than the 2018 PR3 release, and implement quadratic estimators using more optimal filtering. We increase the reconstruction signal to noise by almost 20%, constraining the amplitude of the CMB-marginalized lensing power spectrum in units of thePlanck 2018 best-fit to 1.004 ± 0.024 (68% limits), which is the tightest constraint on the CMB lensing power spectrum to date. For a base ΛCDM cosmology we findσ8Ωm0.25= 0.599 ± 0.016 from CMB lensing alone in combination with weak priors and element abundance observations. Combination with baryon acoustic oscillation data gives tight 68% constraints on individual ΛCDM parametersσm= 0.814 ± 0.016,H0= 68.1+1.0-1.1 km s-1Mpc-1, Ωm= 0.313+0.014-0.016.Planck polarized maps alone now constrain the lensing power to 7%.
Massless minimal quantum scalar field with an asymmetric self interaction in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Bhattacharya Sourav 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Massless minimally coupled quantum scalar field with an asymmetric self interaction, V(ϕ) = λϕ
4/4! + βϕ
3/3! (with λ > 0) is considered in the (3+1)-dimensional inflationary de Sitter spacetime. This potential is bounded from below irrespective of the sign of β. Earlier computations mostly considered the quartic part. Our chief motivation behind this study is to assess the vacuum expectation values of V(ϕ) and ϕ, both of which can be negative, and hence may lead to some screening of the inflationary cosmological constant value. First using the in-in formalism, the renormalised quantum correction to the cubic potential appearing in the energy-momentum tensor is computed at two loop, which is the leading order in this case. The quantum correction to the kinetic term at two loop are subleading compared to the above result at late cosmological times. Next, using some of these results we compute the renormalised vacuum expectation value of ϕ, by computing the tadpoles at 𝒪(β) and 𝒪(λβ). Due to the appearance of the de Sitter isometry breaking logarithms, the tadpoles cannot be completely renormalised away in this case, unlike the flat spacetime. All these results, as expected, show secularly growing logarithms at late cosmological times. We next use a recently proposed renormalisation group inspired formalism to resum perturbative secular effects, to compute a non-perturbative 〈ϕ〉 at late cosmological times. 〈ϕ〉 turns out to be approximately one order of magnitude less compared to the position of the classical minima ϕ = -3β/λ of V(ϕ). Estimation on the possible screening of the inflationary cosmological constant due to this 〈ϕ〉 is also presented.
Production and backreaction of massive fermions during axion inflation with non-Abelian gauge fields
Authors: Adshead Peter , Liu Aike , Lozanov Kaloian D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the production and backreaction of massive vector-like fermions in the background of a classical SU(2) gauge field during axion-driven inflation. We demonstrate all ultraviolet divergences due to the interactions with the fermions can be absorbed by renormalization of the axion wavefunction and the gauge coupling. The effects of the fermion-axion interaction vanish in the massless limit as required by symmetry. For very massive fermions, contact interactions are induced between the axion, the gauge field and the gravitational field. In this massive limit, we find the usual axion-gauge field interactions are induced, however, in addition we observe the appearance of axion self-interactions, as well as kinetic braiding of the axion with the Einstein tensor. These new axion derivative interactions present intriguing opportunities for model building and phenomenology.
Double-GEM based thermal neutron detector prototype
Authors: Serra Filho L.A. , Felix dos Santos R. , de Souza G.G.A. , Paulino M.M.M. , Souza F.A. , Moralles M. , da Luz H.N. , Bregant M. , Munhoz M.G. , Lai C.-C. , Höglund C. , Svensson P.-O. , Robinson L. , Hall-Wilton R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Helium-3 shortage and the growing interest in neutron science constitute a driving factor in developing new neutron detection technologies. In this work, we report the development of a double-GEM detector prototype that uses a 10B4C layer as a neutron converter material. GEANT4 simulations were performed predicting an efficiency of (3.14 ± 0.10)%, agreeing within 2.7σ with the experimental and analytic detection efficiencies obtained by the detector when tested in a 41.8 meV thermal neutron beam.
The detector is position sensitive, equipped with a 256+256 strip readout connected to resistive chains, and achieves a spatial resolution better than 3 mm. The gain stability over time was also measured with a fluctuation of about 0.2% h-1 of the signal amplitude. A simple data acquisition with only 5 electronic channels is sufficient to operate this detector.
Alleviation of high light stress in shade-treated tea leaves by acclimation to light before shade removal
Authors: Morita Shigeto , Yanagisawa Hiroki , Kurisu Kana , Nagata Mitsuhiro , Takemoto Tetsuyuki , Masumura Takehiro , Sano Satoshi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Shade cultivation of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) is employed for the production of high-quality green tea which increases the content of chlorophylls and free amino acids, including theanine. However, shaded tea plants suffer from photooxidative stress caused by sudden exposure to high light (HL) when the shade is removed. In this study, we tried to acclimatize shaded tea plants to light prior to shade removal to alleviate HL-induced stress. Acclimated tea plants showed milder photoinhibition in response to HL exposure than the shaded plants without acclimation. Moreover, there were no large differences in the total chlorophylls and free amino acids (including theanine) content between acclimated and non-acclimated plants. These results indicate that acclimation of shaded tea plants can alleviate subsequent HL stress without causing large changes in the content of chemical components associated with tea quality.
Predictors of Time to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in the National Basketball Association: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Cuomo Raphael E , Li Zhuoran , Purushothaman Vidya , Basavapatna-Shankar Chenna , Nali Matthew , Mackey Tim K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A case-control study was conducted between 1 December 2021 and 31 January 2022 to identify factors, which increase risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among athletes in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Behavioral factors and stadium attendance significantly decreased time to COVID-19 infection, but local COVID-19 rates were not associated in a multivariable model.
Deep convolutional neural network-based automated segmentation and classification of teeth with orthodontic brackets on cone-beam computed-tomographic images: a validation study
Authors: Ayidh Alqahtani Khalid , Jacobs Reinhilde , Smolders Andreas , Van Gerven Adriaan , Willems Holger , Shujaat Sohaib , Shaheen Eman 
Published: September 2022

SummaryObjectiveTooth segmentation and classification from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a prerequisite for diagnosis and treatment planning in the majority of digital dental workflows. However, an accurate and efficient segmentation of teeth in the presence of metal artefacts still remains a challenge. Therefore, the following study aimed to validate an automated deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based tool for the segmentation and classification of teeth with orthodontic brackets on CBCT images.MethodsA total of 215 CBCT scans (1780 teeth) were retrospectively collected, consisting of pre- and post-operative images of the patients who underwent combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment. All the scans were acquired with NewTom CBCT device. A complete dentition with orthodontic brackets and high-quality images were included. The dataset were randomly divided into three subsets with random allocation of all 32 tooth classes: training set (140 CBCT scans-400 teeth), validation set (35 CBCT scans-100 teeth), and test set (pre-operative: 25, post-operative: 15 = 40 CBCT scans-1280 teeth). A multiclass CNN-based tool was developed and its performance was assessed for automated segmentation and classification of teeth with brackets by comparison with a ground truth.ResultsThe CNN model took 13.7 ± 1.2 s for the segmentation and classification of all the teeth on a single CBCT image. Overall, the segmentation performance was excellent with a high intersection over union (IoU) of 0.99. Anterior teeth showed a significantly lower IoU (P &lt; 0.05) compared to premolar and molar teeth. The dice similarity coefficient score of anterior (0.99 ± 0.02) and premolar teeth (0.99 ± 0.10) in the pre-operative group was comparable to the post-operative group. The classification of teeth to the correct 32 classes had a high recall rate (99.9%) and precision (99%).ConclusionsThe proposed CNN model outperformed other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy and efficiency. It could act as a viable alternative for automatic segmentation and classification of teeth with brackets.Clinical SignificanceThe proposed method could simplify the existing digital workflows of orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, restorative dentistry, and dental implantology by offering an accurate and efficient automated segmentation approach to clinicians, hence further enhancing the treatment predictability and outcomes.
Gender, Age of Migration, and Cognitive Life Expectancies Among Older Latinos: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Garcia Marc A , Tarraf Wassim , Reyes Adriana M , Chiu Chi-Tsun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Migration and gender are important factors that differentiate the Latino immigrant experience in the United States. We investigate the association between nativity status, age of migration, and cognitive life expectancies among a nationally representative sample of Latino adults aged 50 and older to explore whether age of migration and gender influence cognitive aging across the life course.

Methods
This study used data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2016) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of cognitive life expectancies by nativity, age of migration, and gender for older Latino adults. Cognitive status was based on the Langa–Weir algorithm. We test for both within-group (i.e., nativity and age of migration) and gender differences to explore the overall burden of disease among this rapidly growing population.

Results
Foreign-born Latinos, regardless of age of migration or gender, spend a greater number of years after age 50 with cognitive impairment/no dementia than U.S.-born Latinos. However, the number of years spent with dementia varied by subgroup with midlife immigrant men and late-life immigrant men and women exhibiting a significant disadvantage relative to the U.S.-born. Furthermore, we document a gender disadvantage for all Latino women, regardless of immigrant status.

Discussion
The robust relationship between nativity, age of migration, and cognitive aging suggests that older foreign-born Latinos experiencing cognitive decline may place serious burdens on families. Future research should target the needs of different subgroups of older Latinos who are entering their last decades of life to develop culturally appropriate long-term care programs.
Eliezer Schweid’s Scholarly and Philosophical Exploration of Theological Responses to the Holocaust
Authors: Ackerman Ari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eliezer Schweid, one of the most important contemporary scholars of Jewish thought, devoted two volumes to analyzing theological responses to the Holocaust. Wrestling until Daybreak (1990) covered a diverse range of non-Orthodox Jewish thinkers, and Between Destruction and Redemption (1994) examined ultra-Orthodox Holocaust theology. This article will examine how scholarship, philosophy, and theology are intertwined in these two volumes.