bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying barriers and facilitators in the development and implementation of government-led food environment policies: a systematic review
Authors: Ng SeeHoe , Yeatman Heather , Kelly Bridget , Sankaranarayanan Sreelakshmi , Karupaiah Tilakavati 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Policy-specific actions to improve food environments will support healthy population diets.

Objective
To identify cited barriers and facilitators to food environment policy (FEP) processes reported in the literature, exploring these according to the nature of the policy (voluntary or mandatory) and country development status.

Data sources
A systematic search was conducted of 10 academic and 7 grey-literature databases, national websites, and manual searches of publication references.

Data extraction
Data on government-led FEPs, barriers, and facilitators from key informants were collected.

Data synthesis
The constant-comparison approach generated core themes for barriers and facilitators. The appraisal tool developed by Hawker et al. was adopted to determine the quality of qualitative and quantitative studies.

Results
A total of 142 eligible studies were identified. Industry resistance or disincentive was the most cited barrier in policy development. Technical challenges were most frequently a barrier for policy implementation. Frequently cited facilitators included resource availability or maximization, strategies in policy process, and stakeholder partnership or support.

Conclusions
The findings from this study will strategically inform health-reform stakeholders about key elements of public health policy processes. More evidence is required from countries with human development indices ranging from low to high and on voluntary policies.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018115034.
Employment Guaranteed? Social Protection During a Pandemic
Authors: Afridi Farzana , Mahajan Kanika , Sangwan Nikita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the potential of social protection programs in mitigating labor market shocks. We examine the role of one of the world’s largest employment guarantee schemes, India’s MG-NREGA, in cushioning job losses in one of the worst affected economies due to the pandemic. Our findings indicate that regions with greater historical state capacity to provide public work under the scheme showed relatively smaller employment losses during the pandemic. Consequently, an increase in state capacity by one MG-NREGA workday per rural inhabitant in a district reduced job losses in rural areas in April–August 2020 by 7% overall and by 74% for rural women, over baseline employment rate. These cushioning effects strengthened as the mobility restrictions eased and were larger for women who were less mobile and less skilled. Our results suggest that employment guarantee programs can protect livelihoods, but for certain demographic groups relatively more than others depending on the nature and skill level of work offered.
Fractal inequality in rural India: class, caste and jati in Bihar
Authors: Joshi Shareen , Kochhar Nishtha , Rao Vijayendra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
That inequality varies within and between groups is well understood. We explore how inequality can also be ‘fractal,’ salient not only between sub-groups of groups but also between sub-groups of sub-groups. We demonstrate this, as a proof of concept using a limited sample, in the case of Bihar one of India’s poorest states where caste has been a persistent driver of inequality. Caste is generally analysed with government-defined ‘broad’ categories, such as Scheduled Caste (SC). In everyday life, however, caste is experienced as ‘jati’, a local system of stratification. We explore expenditure inequality at the jati level. Inequality decompositions show much more variation between jatis than between broad-caste categories. We find that even within generally disadvantaged broad-caste categories some jatis are significantly worse off than others and that inequality is largely driven by inequality ‘within’ jatis. We show that this has implications for the implementation of large-scale poverty alleviation programs.
DFT calculations of elastic, electronic and thermal properties of TiB2Mo
Authors: Wafula Job W , Manyali George S , Makokha John W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ceramics are materials with good mechanical properties; however, low fracture toughness, intrinsic brittleness and poor resistance against oxidation at high temperatures are challenges limiting their applications. TiB2Mo is a ceramic material whose all elastic properties have not been calculated. In this study, we investigated the elastic, electronic and thermal properties of TiB2Mo structure using first principles calculations. All first principles calculations were based on the density functional theory as implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO code with the help of Thermo−pw as a post-processing code. Obtained lattice parameters of TiB2Mo structure were in good agreement with other previous theoretical studies. TiB2Mo structure was found to be mechanically and dynamically stable at ground state conditions. The results also show that TiB2Mo is brittle, anisotropic and metallic in nature. Based on the calculated Vicker’s hardness Hv, we noted that TiB2Mo is classified as a hard material with fracture toughness of above 7 MPam0.5; therefore, it is a promising ultra-high temperature ceramic.
Tumorigenicity risk of iPSCs in vivo: nip it in the bud
Authors: Zhong Chaoliang , Liu Miao , Pan Xinghua , Zhu Haiying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka first created induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts via the retroviral introduction of genes encoding the transcription factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf44, and c-Myc. Since then, the future clinical application of somatic cell reprogramming technology has become an attractive research topic in the field of regenerative medicine. Of note, considerable interest has been placed in circumventing ethical issues linked to embryonic stem cell research. However, tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and heterogeneity may hamper attempts to deploy this technology therapeutically. This review highlights the progress aimed at reducing induced pluripotent stem cells tumorigenicity risk and how to assess the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells cell therapy products.
In-Depth Proteomic Analysis of the Secondary Dormancy Induction by Hypoxia or High Temperature in Barley Grains
Authors: Cueff Gwendal , Rajjou Loïc , Hoang Hai Ha , Bailly Christophe , Corbineau Françoise , Leymarie Juliette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn barley, incubation of primary dormant (D1) grains on water under conditions that do not allow germination, i.e. 30°C in air and 15°C or 30°C in 5% O2, induces a secondary dormancy (D2) expressed as a loss of the ability to germinate at 15°C in air. The aim of this study was to compare the proteome of barley embryos isolated from D1 grains and D2 ones after induction of D2 at 30°C or in hypoxia at 15°C or 30°C. Total soluble proteins were analyzed by 2DE gel-based proteomics, allowing the selection of 130 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) among 1,575 detected spots. According to the protein abundance profiles, the DAPs were grouped into six abundance-based similarity clusters. Induction of D2 is mainly characterized by a down-accumulation of proteins belonging to cluster 3 (storage proteins, proteases, alpha-amylase inhibitors and histone deacetylase HD2) and an up-accumulation of proteins belonging to cluster 4 (1-Cys peroxiredoxin, lipoxygenase2 and caleosin). The correlation-based network analysis for each cluster highlighted central protein hub. In addition, most of genes encoding DAPs display high co-expression degree with 19 transcription factors. Finally, this work points out that similar molecular events accompany the modulation of dormancy cycling by both temperature and oxygen, including post-translational, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
Identifying the adoption of policing styles: A methodology for determining the commitment to problem-oriented policing amongst police forces in England and Wales
Authors: Tura Ferhat , Hunter James , Thompson Rebecca , Tseloni Andromachi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious research consistently demonstrates that problem-oriented policing (POP) can address a range of policing issues; hence its continued appeal and relevance to current practice. However, there are well-documented challenges in terms of its implementation and sustenance within police forces. Studies of policing styles have yet to thoroughly assess the long-term commitment to POP within police forces in England and Wales. To this end, we first revisit and revise previous research findings on policing styles. Then, we advance a methodology for retrospectively measuring police force POP commitment using two novel indicators—problem-oriented projects submitted to the Tilley Award and those applied as part of the Crime Reduction Programme. We then rank police forces in terms of POP commitment. The empirical evidence and methodology presented here can be used to further examine contemporary adherence to POP as well as the role of policing styles in long-term crime falls or other policing outcomes in England and Wales.
The Right Tool for the Job: Evaluating Police Experiences of a Pilot Tool for Responding to Stalking
Authors: Bleakley Paul , Frost Stewart , Bradbury Paula , Short Emma , Martellozzo Elena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the rollout of a pilot Stalking Screen Tool (SST) across two police forces in southern England (Surrey and Sussex Police). The mixed-method approach to this evaluation consisted of several stages which included the analysis of existing crime data; conducting a survey (N = 102) of officers who were part of the pilot and; in-depth qualitative interviews (N = 10) with officers experienced in policing stalking from the pilot forces. The results indicated a relationship between longer terms of service and not seeing the utility of the SST. Ultimately, the research supports the need for tools like the piloted SST with the potential to assist law enforcement to police stalking effectively, albeit also pinpointing areas where such tools could be amended to better reflect the realities of policing stalking. The results further suggest the need for improved training for police on tools like the SST in order to ensure effective implementation.
Nitric oxide-releasing polyurethane/S-nitrosated keratin mats for accelerating wound healing
Authors: Dou Jie , Yang Rong , Jin Xingxing , Li Pengfei , Han Xiao , Wang Lijuan , Chi Bo , Shen Jian , Yuan Jiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in wound healing, due to its ability to contract wound surfaces, dilate blood vessels, participate in inflammation as well as promote collagen synthesis, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. Herein, keratin was first nitrosated to afford S-nitrosated keratin (KSNO). As a NO donor, KSNO was then co-electrospun with polyurethane (PU). These as-spun PU/KSNO biocomposite mats could release NO sustainably for 72 h, matching the renewal time of the wound dressing. Moreover, these mats exhibited excellent cytocompatibility with good cell adhesion and cell migration. Further, the biocomposite mats exhibited antibacterial properties without inducing severe inflammatory responses. The wound repair in vivo demonstrated that these mats accelerated wound healing by promoting tissue formation, collagen deposition, cell migration, re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. Overall, PU/KSNO mats may be promising candidates for wound dressing.
Social Networks and Hedge Fund Activism
Authors: He Yazhou Ellen , Li Tao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the role of social networks in hedge fund activism. Actively managed funds whose managers are socially connected to activists are more likely than unconnected managers to invest in target stocks; their investment decisions are profitable. Importantly, such effects are greater for funds facing more severe information asymmetry. Connected funds are 14.2 percentage points more likely to support activists in proxy contests and contribute to reducing proxy contest costs. Our evidence shows that social ties benefit both connected investors and activists, and suggests that social networks reduce information asymmetry around activist campaigns by facilitating information exchange and increasing trust.
A PHANTOM EVALUATION OF THE USE OF CT AUTOMATIC TUBE CURRENT MODULATION WITH LOW TUBE POTENTIALS FOR IODINATED CONTRAST STUDIES
Authors: Sookpeng Supawitoo , Martin Colin J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate effects of different tube voltage and image quality settings on radiation dose and image quality for patients undergoing computed tomography iodinated contrast studies using automatic tube current modulation system and to recommend settings to achieve improved radiation dose and image quality values. A Pagoda phantom with an additional rod of iodine contrast was scanned using different tube voltages and noise index (NI) settings. Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) and image quality (noise, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM)) were analysed. Values of SSDE were maintained with similar NI settings. Contrast and CNR were higher for lower tube voltage settings. Better FOM values can be achieved with higher NI settings with the lower kVs. To achieve better CNR and SSDE compared with the standard setting of 120 kV, a 80 kV with an NI setting of 15 was recommended.
Partial lottery can make grant allocation more fair, more efficient, and more diverse
Authors: Horbach Serge P J M , Tijdink Joeri K , Bouter Lex M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We call on research funding organisations to experiment with different models for integrating partial randomisation into their grant allocation processes as well as to assess the feasibility, the potential implications, and the perceptions of such models. Traditional models of grant allocation have usually been based on peer review to rank applications and allocate grants. These models have been shown to suffer from various shortcomings. In particular, we believe that partial randomisation holds the potential of being more fair, more efficient, and more diverse. In addition, it may lead to more responsible research practices. We outline a proposal for such a grant allocation process and sketch various arguments in favour of it. We also address potential counterarguments and conclude that partial randomisation in grant allocation holds the potential to lead to many benefits and therefore warrants further experimentation and implementation.
Individual cerebrocerebellar functional network analysis decoding symptomatologic dynamics of postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome
Authors: Chen Ko-Ting , Ho Tsung-Ying , Siow Tiing-Yee , Yeh Yu-Chiang , Huang Sheng-Yao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) consists of three types of symptoms (motoric, linguistic, and neurobehavioral) in patients with posterior fossa pathologies. The evolutional mechanism of this high cognitive syndromic complex from cerebellar origin remains unconfirmed. Previous studies analyzing CMS patients mostly focused on the association between structural abnormalities that occur during CMS, of which proximal efferent cerebellar pathway (pECP) injury appears to be the most common pathogenesis. However, structural imaging may not be sensitive enough to determine the dynamic course of CMS, since the symptomatology is primarily an output of cerebral operation.

Method
We took a network approach in a child during her course of development and recovery of the pCMS. On the other hand, a network neuroscience approach using a mathematical model to extract information from functional imaging to generate interregional connectivity provides abundant evidence that the cerebellum is influential in modulating cerebral functions.

Result
This study applied a network approach to children with pCMS. An individual cerebrocerebellar functional network analysis using graph theory was then performed to determine the network dynamics during CMS. Cross-validation of clinical neurophysiology and functional neuroscience suggested the critical role of the pECP within CMS from the network analysis.

Conclusion
The employed approach was therefore useful in determining the complex clinical symptoms using individual functional network analysis, which bridges the gap between structural neuroimaging and clinical neurophysiology.
Analysis of work willingness and its influencing factors of mental illness prevention and control personnel of grassroots institutions in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Lulu , Li Sheng , Chen Yiwei , Chen Si , Fan Xuelong , Luo Bangan , Liu Jiahe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
In China, there are many studies focusing on the willingness of general practitioners and special medical personnel to work. However, there is a lack of studies on the working willingness of mental illness prevention and control staff.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. In this study we selected mental illness prevention and control personnel in the grassroots health service institutions in Hunan Province, China as our subjects. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to explore their work willingness and related influencing factors.

Results
The work willingness of mental illness prevention and control staff of grassroots institutions in China was 55.6% (502/903). The influencing factors were age (odds ratio [OR] 0.753 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.638 to 0.888]), educational background (OR 1.342 [95% CI 1.092 to 1.648]) and major (OR 1.083 [95% CI 1.009 to 1.162]).

Conclusions
The work willingness of the mental illness prevention and control staff of grassroots institutions in China was at a low level. The job of preventing and controlling mental illness in grassroots areas needs the competence of workers with strong specialty and professional competence and workers who are willing to work in these communities. Work willingness is the result of multiple factors, especially healthcare investments.
COVID-19 in cancer patients
Authors: Seneviratne Suranjith L , Wijerathne Widuranga , Yasawardene Pamodh , Somawardana Buddhika 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has currently affected &gt;220 million individuals worldwide. The complex interplay of immune dysfunction, active malignancy, the effect of cancer treatment on the immune system and additional comorbidities associated with cancer and COVID-19 all affect the outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with cancer. We have discussed the published findings (through the end of September 2021) on the effects of cancer on the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, common factors between cancer and COVID-19, the interaction of cancer and COVID-19 treatments, the impact of COVID-19 on cancer clinical services, immune test findings in cancer patients with COVID-19 and the long-term effects of COVID-19 on cancer survivors.
Early tracheostomy: on the cutting edge, some benefit more than others
Authors: Craven Jack , Slaughter Ashley , Potter Kenneth F. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The decision to undergo early tracheostomy in critically ill patients has been the subject of multiple studies in recent years, including several meta-analyses and a large-scale examination of the National in-patient Sampling (NIS) database. The research has focused on different patient populations, and identified common outcomes measures related to ventilation. At the crux of the new research is the decision to undergo an additional invasive procedure, mainly tracheostomy, rather than attempt endotracheal tube ventilation with or without early extubation. Notably, recent research indicates that neurological and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients seem to have an exaggerated benefit from early tracheostomy.

Recent findings
Recent studies of patients undergoing early tracheostomy have shown decreases in ventilator associated pneumonia, ventilator duration and duration of ICU stay. However, these studies have shown mixed data with respect to mortality and length of hospitalization. Such advantages only become apparent with large-scale examination. Confounding the overall discussion is that the research has focused on heterogeneous groups, including neurosurgical ICU patients, general ICU patients, and most recently, intubated COVID-19 patients.

Summary
Specific populations such as neurosurgical and COVID-19 patients have clearly defined benefits following early tracheostomy. Although the benefit is less pronounced, there does seem to be an advantage in general ICU patients with regards to ventilator-free days and lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. In these patients, large-scale examination points to a clear mortality benefit.
The Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound-guided Bilateral Pectointercostal Fascial Plane Block on Sternal Wound Pain After Open Heart Surgeries
Authors: Hamed Mohamed A. , Abdelhady Mahdy A. , Hassan Alyaa A.S.M. , Boules Maged L. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral pectointercostal fascial plane block after open heart surgeries.

Methods:
Seventy patients aged above 18 years and scheduled for on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement or both through median sternotomy were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 35 (block group or control group). The block group had the block performed through 20 ml of a solution of 0.25% bupivacaine plus epinephrine (5 mcg/mL), and the control group received dry needling. The primary outcome was the 24-hour cumulative morphine consumption. The secondary outcomes were time to the first analgesic request, pain score, quality of oxygenation, intensive care unit stays, and hospital stay.

Results:
The cumulative morphine consumption in the first 24 hours was significantly lower in the block group, with a mean difference of −3.54 (95% confidence interval=−6.55 to −0.53; P=0.015). In addition, the median estimate time to the first analgesic request was significantly longer in the block group than in the control group. Finally, during the postoperative period (4 to 24 h), mean sternal wound objective pain scores were, on average, 0.58 units higher in the block group.

Conclusion:
pectointercostal fascial block is an effective technique in reducing morphine consumption and controlling poststernotomy pain after cardiac surgeries. Also, it may have a role in better postoperative respiratory outcomes.