bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Manual Toothbrush Versus Power Toothbrush in Reduction of Gingivitis
Authors: Khan Afia Anwar , Zehra Fatima , Venkittu Preethi , Thatchayani I , Harishma CV , Shafna Shafna 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In our study, we compare the power toothbrush with the manual toothbrush and the results showed were contradictory. Where few studies have reported that power toothbrushes are superior, other studies showed that both are equally efficacious in removing dental plaque.

Aims:
The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of manual toothbrush with an electric toothbrush in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis.

Materials and Methods:
The study included a total of 56 subjects which were randomly divided into two groups of 28 subjects each. At week 1, disclosing agent (two-tone solution) was used to detect plaque, and Loe and Silness Gingival Index were used to assess gingival scores. Oral hygiene instructions and brushing were also reinforced. A similar protocol was repeated at one, two, and six weeks. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation.

Results:
At two weeks, the plaque score for manual and power toothbrushes were 60.253 ± 20.672 and 44.031 ± 16.484, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant with P = 0.0020. At six weeks, plaque scores for manual and power toothbrushes were 43.784 ± 22.647 and 20.489 ± 10.336, respectively, and were statistically significant (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The present study concludes that powered toothbrush has added advantages of improved oral hygiene compared to manual toothbrush concerning plaque reduction. This can be attributed to predefined power and force which can effectively remove plaque, calculus, and improved gingival health.
Use of Internet as a Source of Oral Health Information in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , Arishi Faisal Omar , Ateen Abdulhaleem Muhammad , Alzuabi Abdulaziz Abdullah , AL-Ahmari Ali Ayedh , Khojah Abdullah Bahjat 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the use of Internet as a source of oral health among adult population in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among adults aged above 18 years through Google Forms. Questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and questions related to use of Internet, reason for use of Internet, whether they use Internet for searching information related to oral health, which is the media they use more preferably to search oral health information, and does they found the information beneficial or not was asked.

Results:
Almost 98.2% of the participants uses Internet for one or the other reasons. About 71.3% of the participants use the Internet for searching oral health information. Google is the most common platform for searching oral health information on the Internet. Age and education wise, there was a statistically significant difference in many responses (P < 0.050).

Conclusion:
Majority of the study population have access to Internet, also search oral health information on the Internet. There is a need for regulations and guidelines so that oral health information available from the Internet can be used as a media to promote oral health.
Malocclusion and Esthetic Perception Among Young Adults in Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit M. , Alrashid Talal Z. , Alqahtani Thaar O. , Alotaibi Mohammad A. , Alshammari Salman N. , Alqahtani Refdan Obeid 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
To assess the malocclusion and esthetic perception among young adults in Riyadh region.

Methodology:
A total of 667 subjects aged above 6 years were included in this study. Link containing questionnaires were sent through social media, email, and WhatsApp. Questions were related to the effect of malocclusion on oral health such as dental caries, gum disease, difficulty in tooth brushing, perception of their teeth in the way of alignment, and smile personality.

Results:
54.1% of participants said malocclusion can cause dental caries, 63.3% said it will lead to gum disease, and 72% were of the opinion that it will make tooth brushing difficult. 27.9% of study subjects were not happy with the alignment of their teeth. None of the responses were found to be statistically significant according to age (P > 0.05). Most of the questions were statistically significant according to gender (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Majority of study subjects had good knowledge about malocclusion and oral health. Perception about esthetics was more among women than men. More than 90% of subjects thinks beautiful smile is a part of personality.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal and Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse against Staphylococcus aureus - An in vitro Microbiological Study
Authors: Nagappan Nagappan , Palaneeswaran Kamalashankar , Kumarappan Kannan , Natarajan Raghunathan , Tajuddin Rameezuddin , Anusha Yalamanchi 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Microorganisms in the oral cavity are still considered serious public health problems and position a costly burden on health-care services worldwide and elsewhere. Mouthrinses have been used in the oral cavity for decades with the intention of reducing the amount of microorganisms. Mouthrinses are used as additives to oral mechanical hygiene. Therapeutic mouthwashes are also prescribed as an alternative to mechanical plaque control for plaque accumulation prevention and for gingival and peri-implant health maintenance. Mechanical control alone has been questioned to eliminate recalcitrant biofilms in the oral cavity because it is known to be very time-consuming and, most significantly, inadequate for good oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antimicrobial efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse against Staphylococcus aureus.

Materials and Methods:
For MIC (macrobroth dilution method), MBC and antimicrobial effectiveness (zone of inhibition) of an herbal mouthrinse and 0.2% CHX mouthrinse were determined by the agar well diffusion method.

Results:
The zone of inhibition of S. aureus was 24 mm for the CHX mouthrinse. The arowash liquid mouthrinse shows that S. aureus does not produce a zone of inhibition.

Conclusion:
CHX mouthrinse (0.2%) has a better antimicrobial efficacy against the S. mutans when compared to herbal mouthrinse (arowash liquid)
Stress and Strain Created Around Miniscrews during En Masse Retraction - A Finite Element Method
Authors: Kumar S. R. Santhosh , Barthunia Neeral , Barthunia Bhavna , Jain Ruchira , Vidhyashree M. , Bheemisetty Swetha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
En masse retraction of the anterior teeth may create anchorage problems. The effective means of obtaining anchorage in en masse retraction is by the usage of temporary anchorage devices.

Aims and Objectives:
The purpose of this study is focused on stress and strain created around miniscrew during en masse retraction using the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data obtained at two intervals and by the finite element analysis done using the CBCT data obtained. This will show us the stress and strain created around miniscrews and the withstanding capacity of miniscrews.

Conclusion:
Stress and strain was higher in TADs as compared to cortical and alveolar bone.
Fundus Changes in High Myopia in Relation to Axial Length of the Globe
Authors: Naik Gajaraj Tulsidas , Achar Prashantkumar , Dsouza Nameeth D. A. , Beary Mohammad Sameerudeen Moosa 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The aim of the study is to correlate between axial length of the eyeball and fundus changes and to know its importance.

Materials and Methods:
It was an observational study conducted for a duration of 1 year in patients with myopia more than 1 D and axial length more than 24 mm. A total of 100 eyes were included in the study and all underwent thorough fundus examination. The findings were documented using retinal maps and fundus camera photography. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using Chi-square or categorical data.

Results:
The study showed five posterior fundus changes and three peripheral fundus changes to be frequently associated with axial myopia. The five posterior fundus changes were optic disc crescents, Fuchs spot, lacquer cracks, posterior staphyloma, and chorioretinal atrophy. The three peripheral fundus changes were the area of white without pressure, lattice, and retinal breaks. Four of these lesions, i.e., crescents, posterior staphyloma, chorioretinal atrophy, and white without pressure, were found to be very highly significant with increasing axial length.

Conclusion:
Our study confirmed that there was a statistical significance in fundus changes with relation to axial length.
Effect of Remineralization Agents on White Spot Lesions
Authors: Rajendran Ratheesh , Hussain M. Sadique , Sandhya Raghu , Ashik Mohammed , Thomas Arun Jacob , Mammen Reni Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) remineralizing potential to that of other remineralizing treatments and placebo in both naturally occurring and postorthodontic white spot lesions (WSL) in vivo.

Materials and Methods:
From 2005 to 2020, the literature search used electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to find studies published solely in English and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) employing CPP-ACP as an intervention. All eligible studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers.

Results:
Excluding duplications, 72 articles were identified. Abstracts of 58 articles were reviewed independently, 19 articles were excluded, 36 full text articles were retrieved; finally selecting 14 studies.

Conclusion:
The CPP-ACP was found to have efficacious remineralizing potential on naturally occurring and postorthodontic WSL compared to placebo or other preventive measures. Further well-performed RCTs are needed to determine the therapeutic significance of remineralizing medicines, and long-term follow-ups are required.
Direct Pulp Capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine in Cariously Exposed Molar Teeth
Authors: Ahlawat Monika , Grewal Mandeep S. , Goel Mahima , Bhullar Harkanwal Kaur , Saurabh  , Nagpal Ravi 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
To assess and compare the treatment outcome of direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, after complete excavation of caries in permanent dentition with a 2-visit treatment protocol.

Materials and Methods:
Direct pulp capping with white MTA was performed in 70 teeth. Direct pulp capping with Biodentine was also done in 72 teeth. In the subsequent visits after 2 weeks, pulp sensibility tests were attempted in both studied groups. All clinical outcomes were categorized as success or failure.

Results:
The success rate of the pulp capping procedure in the MTA group at the end of 12 months study was 94.3% in the Class I subgroup and 93.3% in the Class II subgroup.

Conclusion:
Direct pulp capping with MTA and Biodentine, after pulp exposure during excavation of deep caries could maintain pulp vitality in permanent teeth.
An In Vitro Study of Gutta Percha Removal Commencing from the Root Canal Undergoing Endodontic Retreatment using Different Rotary Instrumentation Systems
Authors: Gaffoor Faisal M. A. , Chintu S , Thota Lavanya , Kumar Amit , Thota Gunaranjan , Dwivedi Vartul , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In the root canal, the tenacity of microbial infection in either or both the periradicular area is the utmost communal source of endodontic failure. The majority of the gutta percha is removed using hand and rotational equipment.

Aim of Study:
To determine gutta percha removal by effectively utilizing three rotary instrumentation devices all through the endodontic retreatment.

Objective of Study:
To determine amongst the three Nickle-Titanium systems which one is significantly effective in retreatment along with comparison of retreatment efficiency using or avoiding the utilization of solvent.

Materials and Methods:
On 60 newly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars, every root canal was sealed using gutta percha and AH Plus sealer utilizing lateral compaction. After that, the samplings were separated into three investigational groups, each with 20 specimens. After that, individual groups were separated into ten specimens. After that, the groups were withdrawn with or without solvent. ProTaper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, and R-Endo files were utilized to eradicate the gutta percha after two weeks. The extent of root canal filling material left in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds was recorded utilizing a stereomicroscope and a computer image processing program. The data was statistically examined using analysis of variance.

Result:
The ProTaper group exhibited a smaller amount of remnant filling material than the supplementary groups in the coronal and middle thirds; however a significant difference amid ProTaper and Mtwo, and Mtwo and R-Endo in the nonsolvent groups (P = 0.05) was concluded. In the nonsolvent group, the Mtwo group showed less leftover filling material.

Conclusion:
The elimination of root canal filling material was found to be equally effective in all systems. However, not a single experimental group could entirely eradicate gutta percha from the root canal.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fluoride Concentration in Dentifrices for Children in India
Authors: Pillai Dinesh Dhamodhar Mathevan , Vijayaraghavan R. , Kumar Rajeswary , Prasad Kota Bala Chaithanya , Pandya Kalpa , Nagappan Nagappan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
There is a need to monitor the fluoride content of dentifrices used for children in a country like India, where there is prevalence of endemic fluorosis.

Aim:
To evaluate the fluoride content of dentifrices for children available in India.

Settings and Design:

In vitro study in a laboratory setting.

Methods:
About 27 major supermarkets/departmental stores in Chennai city were approached by the investigator. All dentifrices indicated for children, available in these stores were included in the present study. A total of four different dentifrice brands were procured from these outlets. For each brand of dentifrice, three samples were randomly chosen and used for fluoride analysis. The fluoride content was assessed in triplet by using spectrophotometric analysis, by a single blinded examiner. The test sample was compared to a standard solution, in a calibration curve to determine the fluoride concentration.

Results:
The mean fluoride content of dentifrices, indicated for children was 449.5 ± 26.1 ppm.

Conclusions:
All brands of commercially available dentifrices indicated for children had optimum amount of fluoride.
Osteoinduction Using a Prefabricated Scaffold in the Gluteus Muscle of Wistar Rats
Authors: Salim Shiad , Surej Kumar I. K. , Haaris Faredha , Alim Aneesh , Seniya K. M. , Nayana Nazeer R. S 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Bone grafts are very significant for the reconstruction of the trauma and the deformations created thereafter. Various bone forming and promoting agents are widely studied. Hence, in this study, we aim to evaluate the osteoinduction effect of scaffold impregnated with Simvastatin in wistor rats in an observational study.

Material and Methods:
We implanted 18 Wistar rats to be equally divided as controls and test groups. Polycaprolactone coated with 20 mg concentration of Simavastatin under sterile condition was used as test and hydroxy appetite as control. Then, we observed the histopathological Heamatoxilin and Eosin and ABH, sections at 4, 12, and 26 weeks. We noted the calcium deposition and bone formation.

Results:
We observed a significant variation among groups at 4, 12, and 26 weeks in the calcium deposition. While for the bone formation no significant variation were noted among groups at 4 and 12 weeks, however, there was a significant difference noted at 26 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, mild fibroblast proliferation was seen in the surrounding area. After 26 weeks, ABH sections showed focal area of fibroblast proliferation with mild mononuclear infiltration was noticed; but implant could not be located.

Conclusion:
We conclude that Simavastatin showed an anabolic effect on bone healing.
Comparative Evaluation of Wettability at Various Stages of Working Time for Light Body and Medium Body Consistencies of Three Elastomeric Impression Materials
Authors: Rameshbabu Ashwini Obla , Chandrasekaran Divagar , Mariappan Saravanakumar , Ramadoss Sethuraman , Badimela Arjun , Krishnaswamy Aishwarya 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The main purpose of this study was to compare the wettability of light and medium body consistencies of three different elastomeric impression materials during their working time.

Materials and Methods:
Vinylpolysiloxane, polyether, and vinylsiloxanether light body and medium body impression materials were used to fabricate the test samples. The contact angles of the impression materials were determined at 30th s from the start of mixing until their entire range of working time using a goniometer. The mean contact angles at the early stage of working time and at the end of working time for two consistencies of each impression material were subjected for statistical analysis.

Results:
The result showed contact angle of all the impression materials toward the end of working time was less than the early stage with the statistical significance (P < 0.05). The contact angle of the light body impression material was less than the medium body impression materials with statistical significance (P < 0.05) except for vinylsiloxanether impression material.

Conclusion:
We have concluded from this study that vinylsiloxanether impression materials exhibited the least contact angle followed by polyether and the highest was recorded for vinylpolysiloxane impression material.
Comparison of Oral Mucosal Biopsies Done Using Scalpel and Diode Lasers
Authors: Gundlapalle Pratheeth , Nagappan Nagappan , Ramesh P. , Ziauddhin Shaik , Karthick B. Prem , Paleti V. S. Manjari , Kumar B. Vijay 
Published: July 2022

Background:
As dental lasers are becoming more popular in the branch of oral medicine for its various advantages and applications, this study was carried out to evaluate better mode of obtaining oral biopsies which is a common and inevitable procedure for providing final diagnosis in majority of conditions.

Methodology:
In this study, a total of 60 patients who required biopsy for final diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions as part of diagnosis in department of Oral Medicine were selected, out of which 30 were subjected to scalpel biopsies and 30 patients were subjected to diode laser biopsies. A 980 nm Zolar plus diode laser was used for the study. Out of 30 patients who were subjected to laser biopsies, 3W continuous mode settings were used for 15 patients and 3W pulsed mode was used for 15 patients. The specimens were sent to Department of Oral Pathology for histopathological evaluation to provide the final diagnosis. The time taken for each patient, volume of local anesthesia, during operative, postoperative pain scale, and co-relation of provisional and final diagnosis was noted for comparison purpose and the pathologist comments, peripheral tissue damage and artifact's for each slide were noted.

Results:
The study results showed the postoperative pain was comparatively less in diodlaser than scalpel, the lasers were patient friendly as the heammorage was negligible when compared to scalpel and suturing was not required. The pulsed mode in diode laser was advantageous over continuous mode when amount of thermal damage and postoperative pain score was compared.

Conclusion:
The results showed that oral biopsies can be made better using diode lasers, by having thorough knowledge on the device.
In vitro Study - Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strengths of Stainless Steel Brackets and Ceramic Brackets after Curing with the Argon Laser and the Conventional Visible Light
Authors: Kalidass Priya , Mohankumar Karthiga , Murali Preethi , Ponniah Harish , Srinidhi S. , Vigneshwaran K. A. , Mani Bhuvaneswari 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strengths of stainless steel brackets and ceramic brackets after treated with conventional visible light and argon laser.

Methodology:
Extracted 80 human premolar teeth were collected and stored in distilled water. They are classified into four groups. All teeth were placed in acrylic block where long axis of the tooth should be perpendicular to the mold's bottom. Teeth were subjected to ×10 magnification after debonding.

Results:
There is no statistically significant difference was found between the shear bond strength of argon laser and conventional visible light for stainless steel and ceramic bracket. Ceramic brackets had significantly increased bond strength than stainless steel brackets.

Conclusion:
Argon laser can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets using a visible light-cure orthodontic adhesive system, and ceramic brackets had significantly increased bond strength than stainless steel.
Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Platelet-Rich Plasma among Oral Surgeons
Authors: Stephen Sujithraj , Ramar Selvakumar , Rajendran Chinnaiah , Devar Nirmala Mrugesh , Shaga I. Bevin , Somasundaram Revathi , Mani Bhuvaneswari , Nagappan Nagappan , M. Moulvi S. M. 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) among oral surgeons in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Methodology:
The cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among oral surgeons in the state of Tamil Nadu. The self-administered questions related to knowledge and awareness of PRP were collected from 500 participants. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS (V 22.0). The frequency distribution was computed.

Results:
This survey exposed that 454 (90.4%) respondents had knowledge and awareness about the role of PRP. Forty (7.0%) were knowledgeable regarding the PRP treatment. Four hundred and fifty-four (90.6%) had aware about the usage of PRP procedures in oral surgery.

Conclusion:
The current study's findings indicate that the oral surgeons were aware of PRP as an auxiliary therapeutic technique for wound healing and maturation.
Effect of Temporomandibular Disorders on Cortisol Concentration in the Body and Treatment with Occlusal Equilibrium
Authors: Suprajith T , Wali Abeer , Jain Anushtha , Patil Konark , Mahale Priyanka , Niranjan Vani 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of symptoms concerning the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and occlusion, which include pain, restricted mouth opening and movement, joint tenderness, and intermittent joint noises. Women are more likely to suffer from temporomandibular problems than men. Patients with TMDs show a wide range of behavioral and psychosocial symptoms, including increased stress, anxiety, sadness, and somatization.

Materials and methods:
The patient group in this case–control research comprised 60 patients from the Department of Prosthodontics at Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Dental Sciences in Dharwad. Female subjects aged between 33 and 45 years, who were educated, had two children, and were housewives were included in the study. Only 96 individuals of those screened met the inclusion criteria, and these 96 patients were given a hair cortisol test. After 1, 2, and 3 months, cortisol testing was performed.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the groups at the start of the study; but after 30 min of the modified trier test, there was a statistically significant main effect across groups, as well as a significant main effect of salivary cortisol over time.

Conclusion:
The etiopathogenesis of TMD is complicated by psychosocial stress. When compared to men, women have a higher risk of TMD.