bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel application of a Co‐Fermented postbiotics of TYCA06/AP‐32/CP‐9/collagen in the improvement of acne vulgaris—A randomized clinical study of efficacy evaluation
Authors: Ho Hsieh‐Hsun , Chen Ching‐Wei , Yi Tsai‐Hsuan , Huang Yu‐Fen , Kuo Yi‐Wei , Lin Jia‐Hung , Chen Jui‐Fen , Tsai Shin‐Yu , Chan Leong‐Perng , Liang Chia‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. If skin lesions are not treated well in time, they can leave a permanent impact on the appearance and a negative influence on personal confidence. The common therapy for acne symptom includes antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and azeleic acid. However, those medications have side effects, and the long‐term use should be cautious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective material, which is more suitable for daily use.ObjectiveCollagen was selected to co‐ferment with three probiotic strains TYCA06/AP‐32/CP‐9 (TAC) due to its excellent feature on wound healing. The fermented material was added into cosmetic gel and applied on subjects' acne lesions. The antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and anti‐inflammation effect around lesion area were investigated in a 4‐week clinical study.Material and MethodsAn anti‐P. acnes assay, a keratinocytes HaCaT cell‐based wound healing assay, and a cytokine assay on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)‐33 were used to evaluate the function of the fermented material in vitro. The TAC/Collagen formula was further incorporated into a cosmetic gel, and the human clinical trial was carried out by applying this gel on 20 volunteers' face with acne vulgaris. The moisture score, sebum content, inflammation, porphyrins numbers, and brown spot number of whole face were observed and recorded.ResultsThe postbiotics of the TAC/Collagen displayed a good growth inhibition against P. acnes and reduced TSLP and IL‐33 inflammation in vitro. This TAC/Collagen formula enhanced the wound healing in HaCaT cell culture. The result of the clinical trial showed the TAC/Collagen gel improved the moisture score and inflammation index of the skin in vivo. In addition, this TAC/Collagen gel also improved the wound healing of acne symptom in volunteers with acne vulgaris. Moreover, this TAC/Collagen gel reduced the number of the porphyrins and brown spots on facial skin.ConclusionThese postbiotics of TAC/Collagen have beneficial effects on skin health and are able to ameliorate the redness, inflammation, and acne symptom in acne vulgaris patients.
The effectiveness of radiofrequency scanning technology in preventing retained surgical items: An integrative review
Authors: Peng Jiping , Ang Shin Yuh , Zhou Huaqiong , Nair Ambili 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) scanning technology as an adjunct to manual counting protocols in preventing retained surgical items (RSIs) in the operating room.BackgroundDespite the implementation of rigorous manual counting protocols, RSIs remain one of the most common reported sentinel events in operating theatres that lead to adverse patient outcomes.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsThis review was guided by the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) framework. A literature search using CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus with key search terms related to RSIs and RF was applied to select English articles from January 2011 till August 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was utilised for study quality assessment while reporting of review was guided using the PRISMA checklist.ResultsA total of 15 peer‐reviewed articles were included, enabling the knowledge on the RF scanning technology to be grouped into four themes, namely: detection accuracy of RF scanning technology, real‐time detection of surgical items using RF identification, the impact of the RF scanning technology for detecting RSIs on patient safety, and cost‐analysis of integrating the RF scanning technology in operating theatres.ConclusionRadiofrequency scanning technology is effective in preventing RSIs with significant cost‐savings. Perioperative leaders should develop a multidisciplinary process to evaluate and select the most appropriate RF scanning technology as part of their patient safety programs. However, future studies with a larger sample size and robust research design, such as randomised controlled trial, should be considered to enhance the generalisability and rigour of evidence.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis review contributes to perioperative personnel's education/training of staff on using RF scanning technology to prevent RSIs. The cost‐effectiveness analysis enables the healthcare leaders to decide on the selection of appropriate RF technology.
Illicit financial flows and developing countries: A review of methods and evidence
Authors: Brandt Kasper 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIllicit financial flows (IFFs) constitute a major challenge for development in low‐income countries, as domestic resource mobilization is imperative for providing crucial public services. The current paper focuses exclusively on the economic dimension of IFFs, thereby excluding topics as drugs trade, money laundering, and human trafficking. While several methods offer to measure the magnitude of IFFs, each has its benefits and drawbacks. Critically, methods based on the balance of payments identity may capture licit as well as illicit flows, and a method based on macroeconomic trade discrepancies suffers from doubtful assumptions. The most convincing estimate to date demonstrates that individuals hold financial assets worth around 10% of global GDP in tax havens. Evidence further indicates that developing countries are more exposed to individuals and multinational enterprises illicitly transferring money out of the country.
Prognostic value of lncRNA HOXA‐AS3 in cervical cancer by targeting miR‐29a‐3p and its regulatory effect on tumor progression
Authors: Xu Hui , Tang Yan , He Chuanyong , Tian Yong , Ni Rong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the promotion of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, cervical cancer has become a current research hotspot, and lncRNA has been confirmed to be used in the research of different diseases. This article systematically expounds the regulation and potential mechanisms of HOXA cluster antisense RNA 3 (HOXA‐AS3) in cervical cancer, and discusses its possibility as a prognostic biomarker for cervical cancer.MethodsRelative expression levels of HOXA‐AS3 and miR‐29a‐3p in tissues and cells were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The survival of cervical cancer patients was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method and the cumulative survival function table was drawn. The proliferation, migration, and invasion levels of HOXA‐AS3 in cells were detected according to cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and transwell method. The dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the mechanism of action between HOXA‐AS3 and miR‐29a‐3p.ResultsHOXA‐AS3 was elevated and miR‐29a‐3p was decreased in tissues and cells of cervical cancer patients. Knockdown of HOXA‐AS3 could inhibit the progression of cervical cancer and was more conducive to patient survival. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that HOXA‐AS3 negatively regulates cervical cancer development by sponging miR‐29a‐3p.ConclusionIn this research, knockdown of HOXA‐AS3 could alleviate the process of cervical cancer by sponging miR‐29a‐3p, suggesting that HOXA‐AS3 may be a potential prognostic target of cervical cancer, which could provide a theoretical basis for future clinical research of cervical cancer.
The importance of fetal adrenal gland volume measurement in successful labor induction with oxytocin
Authors: Özdemir Belma G. , Özdemir Halis , Atalay Cemal R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to show the predictive value of fetal adrenal gland volume (FAGV) measurement in the success of labor induction with oxytocin.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study that included a total of 103 term nulliparous. Immediately after deciding to induce labor with oxytocin, the fetal right and left adrenal gland measurements were obtained.ResultsInduction success was achieved in 89 of 103 (86.4%) pregnant women. In comparison of the FAGV values of failed induction labor group, the total volumes of right and left fetal adrenal glands and the fetal zone volumes (FZV) were found to be statistically significantly higher in the successful labor induction group (p < 0.001). In predicting induction success, the cut‐off value of fetal adrenal gland volume (cFAGV) was set as >230.2 mm3/kg and area under curve (AUC) value of 0.872 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.736–1.000) for right total adrenal gland (p < 0.001). The cut‐off value of cFAGV was set as >236.7 mm3/kg and AUC value of 0.891(95%CI, 0.768–1.000) (p < 0.001) for left total adrenal gland. The cut‐off value of cFAGV was set as >12.6 mm3/kg and AUC value of 0.952 (95%CI, 0.905–0.999) for right FZV(p < 0.001). The cut‐off value of cFAGV was set as >7.8 mm3/kg and AUC value of 0.884 (95%CI, 0.752–1.000) for left FZV (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTwo‐dimension ultrasonographic measurement is an easy‐to‐access and noninvasive method that can be integrated into the algorithms to predict the success of induction based on FAGV measurement.
Perspectives on physician leadership: The role of character‐based leadership in medicine
Authors: Torti Jacqueline M. I. , Inayat Hamza , Inayat Ali , Lingard Lorelei , Haddara Wael , Sultan Nabil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPhysician leadership is multifaceted, but leadership training in medicine often is not. Leadership education and training for physicians are rarely grounded in conceptual leadership frameworks and suffer from a primary focus on cognitive leadership domains. Character‐based leadership is a conceptual leadership framework that moves beyond cognitive competencies and articulates dimensions of character that promote effective leadership. The purpose of this study was to explore the relevance of character‐based leadership in the medical context.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive study used semi‐structured interviews to explore health care professionals' perceptions of character in relation to effective leadership in medicine. All interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. Consistent with descriptive qualitative inquiry, a qualitative latent content analysis was used. Simultaneous data collection and analysis incorporating character‐based leadership as a theoretical framework was used to help organise the analysis of the data. The researchers met regularly to clarify coding structures and categorise codes until sufficiency was reached.ResultsTwenty‐six individuals (12 doctors, 5 nurses, 2 social workers, 2 directors and a pharmacist, dietician, coordinator, administrator and unit clerk) participated. Character‐based leadership resonated with participants; they deemed character essential for effective physician leadership. Participants reflected on different character dimensions they attributed to an effective physician leader, in particular, collaboration, humility and humanity. They shared examples of working in interdisciplinary health care teams to illustrate these in practice. Moreover, participants believed that effective physician leaders need not be in a positional leadership role and asserted that physicians who demonstrate character stand out as leaders regardless of their career stage.DiscussionOur findings suggest a role for a character‐based leadership framework in medical education. Participants recognised the execution of character in everyday practice, associated character with effective leadership and understood leadership in dispositional rather than positional terms. These findings provide important insights for expanding and enhancing existing leadership training interventions.
Research of a Safe and Simplified Intertransverse Process Approach for the Lower Thoracic Interbody Surgery
Authors: Li Nian‐hu , Zou Rui‐qi , Zhao Xue‐gang , Kong Peng , Yue Chen , Jia Meng‐long , Jiang Ping , Li Yu‐tong , Li Gang , Xu Zhan‐wang 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo assess a safe surgical approach for intertransverse process lower thoracic intervertebral body fusion (ITIF) based on measurements from enhanced three‐dimensional CT reconstruction, cadaver simulated operation, and patient operation.MethodsEnhanced three‐dimensional CT image reconstruction was performed for 20 healthy volunteers on thoracic segments T8–T12. The length of the transverse process (LTP), distance between the upper and lower transverse processes (DULTP), remote distance of the transverse process (RDTP), height of the extraforaminal intervertebral space (HEIS), and oblique diameter of the intervertebral space (ODIS) were measured and recorded. The blood vessels of the intertransverse lower thoracic region were observed, and their internal diameters were measured. The rib‐intervertebral space relationship for T10/11 and T11/12 was measured in 104 patients of the thoracic skeleton. Then, based on the data from the CT measurements, simulated surgery was performed on six human cadavers at the T11/12 level. An ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patient with a fracture of the T10/11 level was eventually operated on with the ITIF technique.ResultsNo significant difference was found between the lengths of the left and right thoracic transverse processes. The relationship of the values of the LTP and RDTP for the measured vertebrae were found to be as follows:T8 > T9 > T10 > T11 > T12. For HEIS and DULTP, T8–9 < T9–10 < T10–11 < T11–12. The results for the ODIS were as follows: T8–T9 < T9–T10 < T10–T11 < T11–T12. The blood vessel inner diameter of T11–12 was less than that of T10–11, while there was no significant difference between the diameters for T8–9 and T11–12. Almost half of the volunteer's T10/11 intervertebral spaces were covered posteriorly by the 11th rib (45.19% on left and 41.35% on right), while for most patients, the T11/12 intervertebral space was not covered by the 12th rib (98.08%). According to the cadaver experiments, intervertebral bone grafting and ipsilateral pedicle screw fixation were performed to simulate the operation. One patient with a combined AS and T10/11 fracture was then operated on with the ITIF technique and followed up for 3 years with satisfactory results.ConclusionAs verified by 3D CT reconstruction measurements, cadaver simulation surgery and patient operation with follow‐up, the intertransverse process approach for some T10/T11 and almost all T11/T12 segments is a safe surgical pathway for operations such as ITIF, fracture bone grafting, clearance of focal lesions.
Association between Weitbrecht's Retinaculum Injury and Femoral Head Necrosis in Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Mei Jiong , Wang Shuqing , Ni Ming , Zhang Fangfang , Tang Jianfei , Bi Gang , Zhu Yi , Zhu Xiaozhong , Lu Ye 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between femoral head necrosis (FHN) and injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht in patients with femoral neck fractures who had undergone initial trials of either closed reduction or direct open reduction.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 110 patients with displaced femoral neck fractures admitted to the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai Tongji Hospital between January 2008 and May 2017. Among these, 25 patients underwent initial closed reductions, and 85 patients underwent an open reduction directly. Watson‐Jones anterolateral approach was used during the surgery for injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht, and FHN was assessed as a surgical outcome. The severity of injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht was evaluated using a scoring system developed by our surgical team. Follow‐up was at least 24 months.ResultsThe initial closed reduction treatment group had significantly higher total scores of injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht (6.24 ± 2.20vs4.62 ± 2.12,p = 0.009) compared to the open reduction group. High total scores were significantly associated with initial trials of closed reduction treatment, especially for the broken and released injury to the superior and anterior retinacula (bothp = 0.01). Twenty‐six patients experienced FHN postoperatively, with mean onset time of 19.42 ± 3.87 months. FHN was significantly associated with the severity of injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht (p < 0.001) at the superior, anterior, and inferior retinacula. FHN was significantly associated with injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht in females.ConclusionsFemoral neck displacement in patients treated initially with closed reduction is associated with subsequent injury to the retinaculum of Weibrecht, which may lead to FHN. Severity of injury to the retinaculum of Weibrecht may be used as a biomarker to evaluate bone necrosis in patients with femoral neck fractures.
The Apple of Kant's Ethics: i‐Maxims as the Locus of Assessment
Authors: Kahn Samuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI want to distinguish between maxims at three levels of abstraction. At the first level are what I shall call individual maxims, or i‐maxims: maxim tokens as adopted by particular rational beings. At the second level are abstract maxims, or a‐maxims: abstract principles distinct from any individual who adopts them. At the third level are maxim kinds, or k‐maxims: sets of various action‐guiding principles that are grouped on the basis of their content. In this paper, I argue for the thesis that i‐maxims are the locus of assessment in Kant's ethics.
Ocular and Facial Far‐UVC Doses from Ceiling‐Mounted 222 nm Far‐UVC Fixtures
Authors: Duncan Michael A. , Welch David , Shuryak Igor , Brenner David J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFar‐UVC radiation, defined in this paper as ultraviolet (UV) radiation with wavelengths from 200 to 235 nm, is a promising tool to help prevent the spread of disease. The unique advantage of far‐UVC technology over traditional UV germicidal irradiation lies in the potential for direct application of far‐UVC into occupied spaces since antimicrobial doses of far‐UVC are significantly below the recommended daily safe exposure limits. This study used a ceiling‐mounted far‐UVC fixture emitting at 222 nm to directly irradiate an indoor space and then evaluated the doses received upon a manikin. Radiation‐sensitive film was affixed to the head, nose, lip and eyes of the manikin, and the 8‐h equivalent exposure dose was determined. Variables examined included manikin height (sitting or standing position), manikin offset from directly below the fixture, tilt of the manikin, the addition of glasses, the addition of hair and different anatomical feature sizes. Importantly, at the manikin position with the highest dose to eyes, the average eye dose was only 5.8% of the maximum directly measured dose. These results provide the first experimental analysis of possible exposure doses a human would experience from an indoor far‐UVC installation.
Neural sensitivity to faces is increased by immersion into a novel ethnic environment: Evidence from ERPs
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Modersitzki Nick , Maurer Urs , Sommer Werner 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious reports suggest that East‐Asians may show larger face‐elicited N170 components in the ERP as compared to Caucasian participants. Since the N170 can be modulated by perceptual expertise, such group differences may be accounted for by differential experience, for example, with logographic versus alphabetic scripts (script system hypothesis) or by exposure to abundant novel faces during the immersion into a new social and/or ethnic environment (social immersion hypothesis). We conducted experiments in Hong Kong and Berlin, recording ERPs in a series of one‐back tasks, using same‐ and other‐ethnicity face stimuli in upright and inverted orientation and doodle stimuli. In Hong Kong we tested local Chinese residents and foreign guest students who could not read the logographic script; in Berlin we tested German residents who could not read the logographic script and foreign Chinese visitors. In both experiments, we found significantly larger N170 amplitudes to faces, regardless of ethnicity, in the foreign than in the local groups. Moreover, this effect did not depend on stimulus orientation, suggesting that the N170 group differences do not reflect differences in configural visual processing. A group of short‐term German residents in Berlin did not differ in N170 amplitude from long‐term residents. Together, these findings indicate that the extensive confrontation with novel other‐ethnicity faces during immersion in a foreign culture may enhance the neural response to faces, reflecting the short‐term plasticity of the underlying neural system.
Using multisession tDCS stimulation as an early intervention on memory bias processing in subthreshold depression
Authors: Liu Chialun , Xie Yunlu , Hao Yaru , Zhang Wei , Yang Lizhuang , Bu Junjie , Wei Zhengde , Wu Haiyan , Pescetelli Niccolo' , Zhang Xiaochu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an intervention tool has gained promising results in major depression disorder. However, studies related to subthreshold depression's (SD) cognitive deficits and neuromodulation approaches for the treatment of SD are still rare. We adopted Beck's cognitive model of depression and tested the tDCS stimulation effects on attentional and memory deficits on SD. First, this was a single‐blinded, randomized, sham‐controlled clinical trial to determine a 13‐day tDCS modulation effect on 49 SD (27: Stimulation; 22: Sham) and 17 healthy controls. Second, the intervention effects of the consecutive and single‐session tDCS were compared. Furthermore, the attentional and memory biases were explored in SD. Anodal tDCS was administrated over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 13 consecutive days. Attentional and memory bias were assessed through a modified Sternberg task and a dot‐probe task on the 1st, 2nd, and 15th day while their EEG was being recorded. After the 13‐day tDCS stimulation (not after single‐session stimulation), we found reduced memory bias (Stimulation vs. Sham, p = .02, r2 = .09) and decreased mid‐frontal alpha power (p < .01, r2 = .13). In contrast, tDCS did not affect any attentional related behavioral or neural indexes (all ps > .15). Finally, reduced depressive symptoms (e.g., BDI score) were found for both groups. The criteria of SD varied across studies; the efficacy of this protocol should be tested in elderly patients. Our study suggests memory bias of SD can be modulated by the multisession tDCS and alpha power could serve as a neural index for intervention.
Coinhibition: A self Q&A
Authors: Sinclair Nicholas R. StC 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere are two approaches to scientific investigation, the common approach (proving one’s theory) and Popper’s approach (falsification of one’s theories). Popper’s approach has advantages as well as dangers (being perceived as not sure of one’s theories, or even be hostile to them—an ‘auto‐traitor’). Nevertheless, the Popper approach can bridge the gap between inhibition (directly observable) and inhibitory regulation (not directly observable). Suppression of immune responses by antigen‐specific antibody has led to theories regarding immunoregulation by immune products. There are many immune products capable of regulating immune responses. The inhibitory outcomes of this regulation have been called coinhibition and immune checkpoint inhibition. Coinhibition should be used when regulation begins at the cell surface or in the cell cytoplasm, which opens up the possibility of antigen‐specific regulation. Immune checkpoint inhibition should be used when the initiating inhibitory event occurs in the nucleus, such as by directly affecting the cell cycle, where the concept of antigen‐specific regulation is more difficult to invoke. These forms of immunoregulation could be corrupted by viral infections, such as in COVID‐19 infections.