bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for detection of endometriosis using International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) approach: prospective international pilot study
Authors: Leonardi M. , Uzuner C. , Mestdagh W. , Lu C. , Guerriero S. , Zajicek M. , Dueckelmann A. , Filippi F. , Buonomo F. , Pascual M. A. , Stepniewska A. , Ceccaroni M. , Van den Bosch T. , Timmerman D. , Hudelist G. , Condous G. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) in predicting deep endometriosis (DE) following the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) consensus methodology.MethodsThis was an international multicenter prospective diagnostic accuracy study involving eight centers across six countries (August 2018–November 2019). Consecutive participants with endometriosis suspected based on clinical symptoms or historical diagnosis of endometriosis were included. The index test was TVS performed preoperatively in accordance with the IDEA consensus statement. At each center, the index test was interpreted by a single sonologist. Reference standards were: (1) direct visualization of endometriosis at laparoscopy, as determined by a non‐blinded surgeon with expertise in endometriosis surgery; and (2) histological assessment of biopsied/excised tissue. Surgery was performed within 12 months following the index TVS. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR–) of TVS in the diagnosis of DE were calculated.ResultsIncluded in the study were 273 participants with complete clinical, TVS, laparoscopic and histological data. Of these, based on histology, 256 (93.8%) were confirmed to have endometriosis, including superficial endometriosis, and 190 (69.6%) were confirmed to have DE. Based on surgical visualization, 207/273 (75.8%) patients had DE. For DE overall, the diagnostic performance of TVS based on surgical visualization as the reference standard was as follows: accuracy, 86.1%; sensitivity, 88.4%; specificity, 78.8%; PPV, 92.9%; NPV, 68.4%; LR+, 4.17; LR–, 0.15, and the diagnostic performance of TVS based on histology as the reference standard was as follows: accuracy, 85.9%; sensitivity, 89.8%; specificity, 75.9%; PPV, 90.4%; NPV, 74.6%; LR+, 3.72; LR–, 0.13.ConclusionsUsing the IDEA consensus methodology provides strong diagnostic accuracy for TVS assessment of DE. We found a higher TVS detection rate of DE overall than that reported by the most recent meta‐analysis on the topic (sensitivity, 79%), albeit with a lower specificity. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Mirror twin Higgs cosmology: constraints and a possible resolution to the H0 and S8 tensions
Authors: Bansal Saurabh , Kim Jeong Han , Kolda Christopher , Low Matthew , Tsai Yuhsin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The mirror twin Higgs model (MTH) is a solution to the Higgs hierarchy problem that provides well-predicted cosmological signatures with only three extra parameters: the temperature of the twin sector, the abundance of twin baryons, and the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of twin electroweak symmetry breaking. These parameters specify the behavior of twin radiation and the acoustic oscillations of twin baryons, which lead to testable effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure (LSS). While collider searches can only probe the twin VEV, through a fit to cosmological data we show that the existing CMB (Planck18 TTTEEE+lowE+lowT+lensing) and LSS (KV450) data already provide useful constraints on the remaining MTH parameters. Additionally, we show that the presence of twin radiation in this model can raise the Hubble constant H0 while the scattering twin baryons can reduce the matter fluctuations S8, which helps to relax the observed H0 and S8 tensions simultaneously. This scenario is different from the typical ΛCDM + ∆Neff model, in which extra radiation helps with the Hubble tension but worsens the S8 tension. For instance, when including the SH0ES and 2013 Planck SZ data in the fit, we find that a universe with ≳ 20% of the dark matter comprised of twin baryons is preferred over ΛCDM by ∼ 4σ. If the twin sector is indeed responsible for resolving the H0 and S8 tensions, future measurements from the Euclid satellite and CMB Stage 4 experiment will further measure the twin parameters to O(1 − 10%)-level precision. Our study demonstrates how models with hidden naturalness can potentially be probed using precision cosmological data.
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure selectively impairs neuroligin 1-dependent neurogenesis by suppressing astrocytic FGF2–neuronal FGFR1 axis
Authors: Choi Gee Euhn , Chae Chang Woo , Park Mo Ran , Yoon Jee Hyeon , Jung Young Hyun , Lee Hyun Jik , Han Ho Jae 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExposure to maternal stress irreversibly impairs neurogenesis of offspring by inducing life-long effects on interaction between neurons and glia under raging differentiation process, culminating in cognitive and neuropsychiatric abnormalities in adulthood. We identified that prenatal exposure to stress-responsive hormone glucocorticoid impaired neurogenesis and induced abnormal behaviors in ICR mice. Then, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural stem cell (NSC) to investigate how neurogenesis deficits occur. Following glucocorticoid treatment, NSC-derived astrocytes were found to be A1-like neurotoxic astrocytes. Moreover, cortisol-treated astrocytic conditioned media (ACM) then specifically downregulated AMPA receptor-mediated glutamatergic synaptic formation and transmission in differentiating neurons, by inhibiting localization of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR)1/2 into synapses. We then revealed that downregulated astrocytic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) of neurons are key pathogenic factors for reducing glutamatergic synaptogenesis. We further confirmed that cortisol-treated ACM specifically decreased the binding of neuronal FGFR1 to the synaptogenic NLGN1 promoter, but this was reversed by FGFR1 restoration. Upregulation of neuroligin 1, which is important in scaffolding GluR1/2 into the postsynaptic compartment, eventually normalized glutamatergic synaptogenesis and subsequent neurogenesis. Moreover, pretreatment of FGF2 elevated neuroligin 1 expression and trafficking of GluR1/2 into the postsynaptic compartment of mice exposed to prenatal corticosterone, improving spatial memory and depression/anxiety-like behaviors. In conclusion, we identified neuroligin 1 restoration by astrocytic FGF2 and its downstream neuronal nuclear FGFR1 as a critical target for preventing prenatal stress-induced dysfunction in glutamatergic synaptogenesis, which recovered both neurogenesis and hippocampal-related behaviors.
Ungewöhnlicher Suizid durch Verbluten aus einer Hautvene
Authors: Bayer R. , Baumann S. , Federbusch M. , Dreßler J. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungEin 90-jähriger Mann verstarb durch protrahiertes Verbluten aus einer, mittels Rasierklinge minimal eröffneten, oberflächlichen Beinvene über der Patella und nachfolgender Manipulation. Dabei handelte es sich wahrscheinlich um einen Ast der V. saphena accessoria anterior. Es lag zunächst eine Fehleinschätzung durch den leichenschauhaltenden Arzt vor, der von einer gastrointestinalen Blutung als Todesursache ausging. Diese Einschätzung teilten die Kriminalbeamten aufgrund der Auffindesituation nicht. Begünstigend war eine vorbestehende Varikosis. Die Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien oder eine vorbestehende oder erworbene Gerinnungsstörung konnte nicht nachgewiesen bzw. eruiert werden. Bei Vorlage eines Abschiedsbriefes und Ausschluss fremder Gewalteinwirkungen oder einer Vergiftung kann plausibel von einem ungewöhnlichen suizidalen Ereignis ausgegangen werden. Es wird über die Auffindung sowie die Ergebnisse der Sektion und umfangreicher Zusatzuntersuchungen berichtet.
Comparison of a preoperative MR-based recurrence risk score versus the postoperative score and four clinical staging systems in hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Hong , Jiang Hanyu , Qin Yun , Wu Yuanan , Lee Jeong Min , Yuan Fang , Zheng Tianying , Duan Ting , Zhang Zhen , Qu Yali , Chen Jie , Chen Yuntian , Ye Zheng , Yao Shan , Zhang Lin , Yang Ting , Song Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To establish a risk score integrating preoperative gadoxetic acid–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) and clinical parameters to predict recurrence after hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to compare its performance with that of a postoperative score and four clinical staging systems.

Methods
Consecutive patients with surgically confirmed HCC who underwent preoperative EOB-MRI between July 2015 and November 2020 were retrospectively included. Two recurrence risk scores, one incorporating only preoperative variables and the other incorporating all preoperative and postoperative variables, were constructed via Cox regression models.

Results
A total of 214 patients (derivation set, n = 150; test set, n = 64) were included. Six preoperative variables, namely tumor number, infiltrative appearance, corona enhancement, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, and sex, were independently associated with recurrence. After adding postoperative features, microvascular invasion and tumor differentiation were additional significant variables in lieu of corona enhancement and AFP level. Using the above variables, the preoperative score achieved a C-index of 0.741 on the test set, which was comparable with that of the postoperative score (0.729; p = 0.235). The preoperative score yielded a larger time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at 1 year (0.844) than three existing systems (0.734–0.742; p < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, the preoperative score stratified patients into two prognostically distinct risk strata with low and high risks of recurrence (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The preoperative score integrating EOB-MRI features, AFP and AST levels, and sex improves recurrence risk estimation in HCC.

Key Points
• The preoperative risk score incorporating three EOB-MRI findings, AFP and AST levels, and sex achieved comparable performance with that of the postoperative score for predicting recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with HCC.
• Two risk strata with low and high risks of recurrence were obtained based on the preoperative score.
• The preoperative score may help tailor pretreatment decision-making and facilitate candidate selection for adjuvant clinical trials.
Jet noise predictions by time marching of single-snapshot tomographic PIV fields
Authors: Ragni Daniele , Fiscaletti Daniele , Baars Woutijn J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work combines the latest advancements in time marching of 3D vector fields from tomographic particle image velocimetry, with an adapted version of Lighthill’s formulation, for the prediction of far-field jet noise. Three-dimensional velocity vector fields of the jet flow are first reconstructed from a tomographic volume of 4$$\times$$×3$$\times$$×9.5$$D_{j}^3$$Dj3, with$$D_{j}$$Dj= 5 cm being the jet-exit diameter. (The jet-exit Mach number$$M_{j}$$Mjranges from 0.10 to 0.20.) The obtained vector fields are then used as input to a recently developed procedure for the time marching of the vorticity field, which relies upon the vortex-in-cell methodology. This yields time series of each three-dimensional velocity field, from which the far-field pressure is computed via Lilley’s acoustic analogy (through evaluation of the Lighthill’s stress tensor). It is shown that the estimate of the far-field noise spectrum compares well with the spectrum measured directly from a far-field microphone in the anechoic A-tunnel facility of TU Delft, in the Strouhal number range from approximately 1 to 12.Graphical Abstract
Immunpathogenese des systemischen Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Aringer Martin , Finzel Stephanie , Voll Reinhard E. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Verständnis der Immunpathogenese des systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) hilft, das komplexe Krankheitsgeschehen zu verstehen und neue Therapiestrategien zu entwickeln. Die Krankheitsmanifestationen des SLE sind im Wesentlichen Folge von Autoantikörpern, Immunkomplexen und Zytokinen. Insbesondere die Neigung zu unterschiedlichen Autoantikörpern macht das Wesen der Erkrankung aus; die genauen Spezifitäten der Autoantikörper führen zu ganz unterschiedlichen Organmanifestationen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt den klinisch relevanten Stand des Wissens zur SLE-Pathogenese dar – mit dem Ziel, ein für den klinischen Einsatz nützliches Modell zu etablieren, das auch hilft, die neuen Therapieansätze einzuordnen.
Accelerated atrophy in dopaminergic targets and medial temporo-parietal regions precedes the onset of delusions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Manca Riccardo , Valera-Bermejo Jose Manuel , Venneri Annalena ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and delusions have worse quality of life and prognosis. However, early markers of delusions have not been identified yet. The present study investigated whether there are any detectable differences in grey matter (GM) volume and cognitive changes in the year before symptom onset between patients with AD who did and did not develop delusions. Two matched samples of AD patients, 63 who did (PT-D) and 63 who did not develop delusions (PT-ND) over 1 year, were identified from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess the presence of delusions. Sixty-three additional matched healthy controls (HC) were selected. Repeated-measures ANCOVA models were used to investigate group-by-time effects on the volume of selected GM regions of interest and on cognitive performance. No neurocognitive differences were observed between patient groups prior to symptom onset. Greater episodic memory decline and GM loss in bilateral caudate nuclei, medio-temporal and midline cingulo-parietal regions were found in the PT-D compared with the PT-ND group. A pattern of faster GM loss in brain areas typically affected by AD and in cortical and subcortical targets of dopaminergic pathways, paralleled by worsening of episodic memory and behavioural symptoms, may explain the emergence of delusions in patients with AD.
Paradigm shift: new concepts for HCN4 function in cardiac pacemaking
Authors: Hennis Konstantin , Biel Martin , Fenske Stefanie , Wahl-Schott Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are the molecular correlate of the If current and are critically involved in controlling neuronal excitability and the autonomous rhythm of the heart. The HCN4 isoform is the main HCN channel subtype expressed in the sinoatrial node (SAN), a tissue composed of specialized pacemaker cells responsible for generating the intrinsic heartbeat. More than 40 years ago, the If current was first discovered in rabbit SAN tissue. Along with this discovery, a theory was proposed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate–dependent modulation of If mediates heart rate regulation by the autonomic nervous system—a process called chronotropic effect. However, up to the present day, this classical theory could not be reliably validated. Recently, new concepts emerged confirming that HCN4 channels indeed play an important role in heart rate regulation. However, the cellular mechanism by which HCN4 controls heart rate turned out to be completely different than originally postulated. Here, we review the latest findings regarding the physiological role of HCN4 in the SAN. We describe a newly discovered mechanism underlying heart rate regulation by HCN4 at the tissue and single cell levels, and we discuss these observations in the context of results from previously studied HCN4 mouse models.
BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors hamper the therapeutic efficacy of blinatumomab in vitro
Authors: Kauer Joseph , Märklin Melanie , Pflügler Martin , Hörner Sebastian , Hinterleitner Clemens , Tandler Claudia , Jung Gundram , Salih Helmut R. , Heitmann Jonas S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by accumulation of clonal immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The approval of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib and ponatinib marked a milestone in targeted therapy only for a subset of patients carrying the translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). Immunotherapy with the bispecific antibody (bsAb) blinatumomab targeting CD19xCD3 revolutionized treatment of all B-ALL cases. The combination of both TKI and bsAb, so-called “dual targeting”, is currently under clinical investigation, although TKI might influence T cell effects.

Methods
We here investigated the combination of different TKI and blinatumomab in BCR::ABL1+ and BCR::ABL1− B-ALL cell lines and primary samples regarding T cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine release and killing of tumor cells.

Results
In vitro analysis revealed profound reduction of T cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine release and killing of tumor cells upon application of BCR::ABL1 TKI with blinatumomab. Inhibition was more pronounced with dasatinib and ponatinib compared to nilotinib and imatinib. T cell signalling after CD3 stimulation was impaired by TKI mirrored by inhibition of LCK phosphorylation. This known off-target effect might influence the efficacy of bsAb therapy when combined with BCR::ABL1 TKI.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we propose that nilotinib and imatinib might also be suitable substances for combination with blinatumomab and suggest evaluation in clinical trials.
Elliptic methods for solving the linearized field equations of causal variational principles
Authors: Finster Felix , Lottner Magdalena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe existence theory is developed for solutions of the inhomogeneous linearized field equations for causal variational principles. These equations are formulated weakly with an integral operator which is shown to be bounded and symmetric on a Hilbert space endowed with a suitably adapted weighted $$L^2$$

L
2

-scalar product. Guided by the procedure in the theory of linear elliptic partial differential equations, we use the spectral calculus to define Sobolev-type Hilbert spaces and invert the linearized field operator as an operator between such function spaces. The uniqueness of the resulting weak solutions is analyzed. Our constructions are illustrated in simple explicit examples. The connection to the causal action principle for static causal fermion systems is explained.
Evaluation of periodontal indices among non-smokers, tobacco, and e-cigarette smokers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Pesce Paolo , Menini Maria , Ugo Giovanni , Bagnasco Francesco , Dioguardi Mario , Troiano Giuseppe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The detrimental effect of tobacco smoking on periodontal health is well known, while the effect of electronic cigarette on periodontal parameters has been less investigated. The aim of the present systematic review was to compare periodontal indices in three categories of patients: traditional cigarette smokers (TS), e-cigarette smokers (ES), and non-smokers (NS).

Materials and methods
An electronic search was conducted for studies published until December 2021 on MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, and Scopus. A hand search was additionally conducted. Clinical observational and cross-sectional trials investigating periodontal indices among tobacco smokers (TS), electronic cigarette smokers (ES) and non-smokers (NS) were included and selected by 2 independent reviewers. Data on probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were collected. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the NIH quality assessment tool and a network meta-analysis (NMA) was undertaken.

Results
Five relevant studies, from 707 identified, were included. Overall, 512 patients were included, of them 170 were NS, 176 were TS, and 166 were ES. A significant difference in the comparison among TS vs NS: effect size (ES) = 3.297 (95%CI: [2.142–4.454], p = 0.001) and TS and ES ES = 2.507 (95%CI: [1.351–3.663], p = 0.001) was identified for PD. A significant difference in the comparison among TS and NS, ES = 21.34 (95%CI: [13.41–29.27], p = 0.001) and between TS and ES ES = 15.67 (95%CI: [7.73–23.62], p = 0.001) was identified for PI. The analysis of BOP values shows a significant difference in the comparison among ES and NS: ES = − 16.22 (95%CI: [− 22.85 to − 9.59], p < 0.001) and between TS and NS: ES = − 14.47 (95%CI: [− 21.103 to − 7.848], p < 0.001). Based on the SUCRA ranking, NS showed the most favorable outcome for PD and PI, followed by ES. Tobacco smokers were clearly in the last position. Dealing with BoP ES showed the most favorable outcome, followed by TS. NS were in the last position.

Conclusions
Periodontal parameters were similar among NS and ES, while TS presented the worst indices. BoP was reduced both in ES and in TS.

Clinical relevance
Results of the present review suggest a reduced effect on periodontal tissue of e-cig smoking compared to traditional cigarettes, despite recent studies proved that e-cig smoking increases oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, change in pulmonary cellular behavior, and stimulates DNA injury.
The Longitudinal Interplay Between Attention Bias and Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety in Adolescents
Authors: Henricks Lisan A. , Lange Wolf-Gero , Luijten Maartje , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. , Stoltz Sabine E. M. J. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Becker Eni S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cognitive biases are found to play a role in the onset and maintenance of social anxiety. However, particularly in adolescence, the link between different biases and their role in predicting social anxiety is far from clear. This study therefore investigated the interplay between attention bias and interpretation bias in relation to social anxiety in adolescence across three years.

Methods
816 adolescents in grade 7 to 9 participated at three yearly waves (52.8% boys, Mage grade7 = 12.60). Social anxiety was measured with a self-report questionnaire. Attention bias was measured with a visual search task with emotional faces. Textual vignettes assessed interpretation bias.

Results
Cross-lagged models showed that negative interpretation bias at grade 7 predicted an increase in social anxiety at grade 8. This effect was not found from grade 8 to 9. Attention bias did not predict social anxiety. Attention bias and interpretation bias were not longitudinally related to each other, nor did they interact with each other in predicting social anxiety.

Conclusions
Thus, no evidence was found for the Combined Cognitive Bias Hypothesis in social anxiety in adolescents. Instead, our results suggest that interpretation bias rather than attention bias contributes to the increase of social anxiety over time.