bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Canalicular Injury After Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Campbell Elliott H. , Sotelo Leon Daniel E. , Baum Christian L. , Wagner Lilly H. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of literature describing risk factors for canalicular injury (CI) during periocular Mohs micrographic surgery (Mohs).

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine factors associated with CI after Mohs. This information may inform patient counseling and surgical planning.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This case–control study compared subjects with canalicular injury after Mohs with subjects requiring ophthalmologic Mohs repair without canalicular injury. All subjects who had CI after Mohs were included in the control group. CI from other causes were excluded.

RESULTS
Basal cell carcinoma was the most common etiologic tumor (p < .00001). Canalicular injury was associated with infiltrative, morpheaform, and/or micronodular-type basal cell carcinoma. Initial tumor location involving the medial canthus was not statistically different between cases and controls (32% vs 17%, p = .22). Having a final defect involving the medial canthus region was more likely in cases versus controls (55% vs 26%, p = .01952).

CONCLUSION
Although most final defects involved the medial canthal region, a substantial number of tumors resulting in CI did not initially seem to involve the medial canthus. Surgeons cannot rely simply on anatomical location when assessing risk for CI, and anticipation of need for canalicular reconstruction is challenging.
Exacerbation and severity of allergic symptoms during pregnancy and their impact on mental health
Authors: Yonezawa Kaori , Haruna Megumi , Yamamoto-Hanada Kiwako , Ohya Yukihiro 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Pregnant women with allergies face difficulties, as they tend to avoid medication for symptom control during pregnancy. Moreover, some women experience exacerbations during this period. These difficulties can affect their mental health.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing allergy exacerbations during pregnancy and examine the effects of allergy symptoms on the mental health of pregnant women.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted through web-based research in March 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Pregnant women were collected from 3 groups (target: 150 participants in each group): atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis, and without allergies. We evaluated mental health using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and health-related quality of life using the Short Form-8 questionnaire.

Results:
Overall, 202 (49.1%) of 411 pregnant women had depressive symptoms, and 45 (10.9%) had severe depressive symptoms. Women with allergies had significantly worse mental health than those without allergies. Among 119 AD patients, 36 (30.3%) experienced exacerbations during pregnancy. Of them, 11 (30.6%) did not consult a practitioner and endured the exacerbation. A significant association was observed between severe prepregnancy symptoms, job situation, coping with symptoms of AD during pregnancy, and AD exacerbation. Among 210 rhinitis patients, 17.1% experienced rhinitis exacerbation during pregnancy. The presence of rhinitis symptoms in winter and the second trimester was significantly associated with exacerbation.

Conclusion:
This study revealed higher rates of depressive symptoms among pregnant women with allergies. The psychological well-being of pregnant women with AD or allergic rhinitis should be considered.
Assessing quality of life in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases using the Persian version of Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life questionnaire finds similar effects in women as men
Authors: Behkar Atefeh , Garmaroudi Gholamreza , Nasimi Maryam , Yousefi Shakiba , Khosravi Hasan , Kianfar Nika , Murrell Dedee F. , Daneshpazhooh Maryam 
Published: June 2022

Background:
In autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), autoantibodies loosen molecular adhesions in the skin and/or mucosa and lead to blisters and erosions. Immunosuppressive drugs reduce mortality of the AIBD; therefore, patients will have to live longer with comorbidities.

Objective:
This study aims to determine the quality of life of AIBD patients undergoing systemic treatment while investigating the survey’s relationship with various factors.

Methods:
In this 2-step cross-sectional study, we initially included 53 consecutive pemphigus patients to investigate reliability and validity of the Persian version of Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (TABQOL) questionnaire. Then, we conducted the study on 119 AIBD patients, currently under treatment at an AIBD clinic in Iran.

Results:
The mean TABQOL score for our patients was 13.87 ± 7.51. The highest TABQOL was for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (24 ± 8.485) followed by pemphigus foliaceus (20.5 ± 14.181) and the lowest for pemphigus vulgaris (13.24 ± 6.54). There was no significant difference between patients’ TABQOL scores and their gender, history of rituximab injection, and disease severity scores. We only found a positive correlation between TABQOL and prednisolone dose.

Conclusion:
Treatments of AIBD considerably impact the quality of life of patients and an impairment in quality of life is correlated to higher doses of prednisolone.
The impact of gender and sex in psoriasis: What to be aware of when treating women with psoriasis
Authors: Guillet Carole , Seeli Corsin , Nina Meienberger , Maul Lara Valeska , Maul Julia-Tatjana 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with an exceptionally high burden for women.

Objective:
Sex-dependent differences in disease manifestation, severity, treatment choices, subjective disease perception, and the impact on quality of life and risk factors are described and comprehensively discussed.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews to investigate the challenges in treating women with psoriasis.

Results and conclusions:
The incidence, prevalence, and manifestation of psoriasis of the skin are similar between different sexes. Genetic and environmental factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome are risk factors and are not equally relevant or pronounced in women and men. Overall, women have a lower disease severity measured by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index, which is associated with a higher impairment of their life quality measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with men. In addition, women with psoriasis are more likely to have depression than men. Hormonal factors affect psoriasis, with a correlation of high estrogen levels and improvement of psoriasis. Data regarding differences in prescribing patterns of systemic treatments and the severity of psoriasis are not entirely consistent. Registry studies show that men tend to have more severe psoriasis and, in some cases, are prescribed systemic therapies more frequently. Women tend to respond better to systemic treatments and to experience more adverse events. Treatment options are the same for both sexes, except during pregnancy and lactation. Various treatment options are contraindicated due to fear of fetal or neonate harm and lack of data. Topical steroids can be prescribed with a high degree of safety during pregnancy. For other topical therapies (calcineurin inhibitors and vitamin D analogs), no studies of adverse effects in pregnancy are available, and safety data mainly stem from studies examining effects after systemic administration. Antitumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibodies (except for certolizumab pegol) have been associated with a possible increased risk of preterm birth, low gestational age, and cesarean deliveries. Prospective data on the safety of biologics other than antitumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies to accurately assess whether novel biologics (eg, anti-interleukin 17, 12/23, 23) can be used for systemic therapy in pregnancy are lacking or currently being conducted.
Challenges for dermatologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Helm Matthew F. , Kimball Alexa B. , Butt Melissa , Stuckey Heather , Costigan Heather , Shinkai Kanade , Nagler Arielle R. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Burnout is increasing in all fields of medicine, including dermatology. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented new and additional challenges for dermatologists.

Objective:
Dermatologists of different ages, areas of expertise, and practice settings were convened in 5 focus group to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their clinical practice, working environment, and personal lives.

Methods:
Qualitative analysis of the discussions w\s performed on the result of the 5 focus groups of dermatologists (n = 22). Groups were prompted with questions relating to their jobs, personal lives, teledermatology, and pandemic. Responses were recorded, transcribed, deidentified, and coded for recurring themes. The focus groups occurred via a secure videoconferencing platform between December 2020 and January 2021. All participants were currently practicing dermatology in a variety of setting including academic institutions, private practices, and multiple practice types. General dermatologists, residents in training, dermatologic surgeons, dermatopathologists, and dermatologists with significant administrative or educational duties were included.

Results:
We identified 4 main themes from the focus group discussions regarding dermatologist and physician wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) adjusting to new administrative, staffing, and educational demands; (2) integration of work as a dermatologist with family life; (3) new technologies such as teledermatology; and (4) adjusting to change with redefining personal and professional priorities.

Limitations:
The small number of participants in our convenience cohort disproportionately represented academic dermatologists. Impacts of regional COVID-19 vaccination rates and ideological differences in different geographical locations were not assessed. All of our participants were located in the United States. Physicians severely impacted by health or financial concerns may not have been able to participate in our study. We did not have a comparison group and did not measure or assess burnout in individual participants.

Conclusion:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were common changes and stressors that dermatologists experienced, which affected physician wellbeing. Identifying and addressing these changes could offer the opportunity to improve the wellbeing of dermatologists.
Analysis of Factors Potentially Influencing Diagnostic Yield Among Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsies for Bone Lesions
Authors: Yoon Garrett H. , Gavilá Elisa Ramos , Wei Jason , Burke Christopher J. , Walter William R. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study aimed to investigate patient-specific, lesion-related, and technical factors that potentially influence diagnostic yield of computed tomography (CT)–guided biopsies of bone lesions.

Methods
Computed tomography–guided bone lesion biopsies performed over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed, including image review and electronic medical records for pathology reports and clinical follow-up. Lesions were tabulated by prebiopsy CT and magnetic resonance imaging features. Patients with nondiagnostic biopsies were assessed for presumptive clinical diagnosis and management.

Results
Nondiagnostic pathology results were obtained in 31 of 156 cases (19.87%), among which diagnoses were confirmed by other tissue sampling in 9; clinical follow-up of up to 2 years yielded no diagnosis in 10 and presumptive diagnoses in 12. The nondiagnostic biopsy rate of long bone lesions was higher than that of other bone lesions (odds ratio, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–9.09). There were no significant differences in patient American Society of Anesthesiologists class, mean body mass index, sedation method, number of cores, or needle gauge between diagnostic and nondiagnostic biopsy cohorts. Diagnostic yield was not significantly different between occult, lytic, or sclerotic lesions. There was no difference in diagnostic yield regarding presence of cortical break, gadolinium enhancement, or lesion depth. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained before biopsy in significantly more nondiagnostic cases compared with diagnostic cases (P = 0.027).

Conclusions
Computed tomography–guided biopsies had a nondiagnostic rate of 19.87%, and lesions in the long bones of the extremities were disproportionately common among this group. There was no significant association between biopsy results and several patient-specific, lesion-related, and technical factors.
Performance of Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Super High–Resolution Mode at the Routine Radiation Dose: Phantom Study
Authors: Kitera Nobuo , Fujioka Chikako , Higaki Toru , Nishimaru Eiji , Yokomachi Kazushi , Kiguchi Masao , Awai Kazuo 
Published: June 2022

Objective
Using a chest phantom, we compared the image quality of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images acquired in super high–resolution (SHR) and normal resolution (NR) mode and at the routine radiation dose. The detector size was 0.25 and 0.5 mm, respectively.

Methods
A chest phantom was scanned on a U-HRCT scanner. The scan parameters were tube voltage 120 kV and volume CT dose index 13.0 mGy, the routine radiation dose for conventional scans. The rotation time was 0.5 s/rot, the number of matrices was 512 in NR and 1024 in SHR mode. For physical evaluation, the modulation transfer function was measured on the spherical simulated nodule, and the noise power spectrum on the cylindrical water phantom. A CT value profile curve was created using an in-house simulated bronchial phantom. For visual evaluation, 3 radiologists and 3 radiology technologists evaluated overall image quality using a 4-grade scale (grade 1, poor; and grade 4, excellent).

Results
The 10% of modulation transfer function was 13.5 lp/cm in NR and 14.9 lp/cm in SHR mode (P<0.01). ƒpeak was 5.6 lp/cm in NR and 8.8 lp/cm in SHR mode (P<0.01), and the peak of noise power spectrum shifted. On the profile curves, the CT value at the edge changed in NR but not in SHR mode. The overall image quality was grade 3.0 ± 0.7 in SHR and grade 2.0 ± 0.7 in NR mode (P<0.01).

Conclusions
The image quality of SHR mode with U-HRCT was superior to that of NR mode at the routine radiation dose.
Receptor for Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility (RHAMM) defines an invasive niche associated with tumor progression and predicts poor outcomes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Tarullo Sarah E. , He Yuyu , Daughters Claire , Knutson Todd P. , Henzler Christine , Price Matthew , Shanley Ryan , Witschen Patrice , Tolg Cornelia , Kaspar Rachael E. , Hallstrom Caroline , Gittsovich Lyubov , Sulciner Megan L. , Zhang Xihong , Forester Colleen , Shats Oleg , Desler Michelle M. , Cowan Kenneth , Yee Douglas , Schwertfeger Kathryn L. , Turley Eva , McCarthy James B. , Nelson Andrew C. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBreast cancer invasion and metastasis result from a complex interplay between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Key oncogenic changes in the TME include aberrant metabolism and subsequent signaling of hyaluronan (HA). Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor (RHAMM, HMMR) is a HA receptor that enables tumor cells to sense and respond to the TME during breast cancer progression. Focused gene expression analysis of an internal breast cancer patient cohort demonstrates increased RHAMM expression correlates with aggressive clinicopathological features. We also develop a 27-gene RHAMM-dependent signature (RDS) by intersecting differentially expressed genes in lymph node positive cases with the transcriptome of a RHAMM-dependent model of cell transformation, which we validate in an independent cohort. We demonstrate RDS predicts for poor survival and associates with invasive pathways. Further analyses using CRISPR/Cas9 generated RHAMM -/- breast cancer cells provide direct evidence that RHAMM promotes invasion in vitro and in vivo. Additional immunohistochemistry studies highlight heterogeneous RHAMM expression, and spatial transcriptomics confirms the RDS emanates from RHAMM-high invasive niches. We conclude RHAMM upregulation leads to the formation of ‘invasive niches’, which are enriched in RDS-related pathways that drive invasion and could be targeted to limit invasive progression and improve patient outcomes.
The meningeal transcriptional response to traumatic brain injury and aging
Authors: Bolte Ashley C. , Shapiro Daniel A. , Dutta Arun B. , Ma Wei Feng , Bruch Katherine R. , Marco Ana Royo , Lukens John R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence suggests that the meningeal compartment plays instrumental roles in various neurological disorders and can modulate neurodevelopment and behavior. While this has sparked great interest in the meninges, we still lack fundamental knowledge about meningeal biology. Here, we utilized high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques to investigate the transcriptional response of the meninges to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aging in the sub-acute and chronic time frames. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we first explored how mild TBI affects the cellular and transcriptional landscape in the meninges in young mice at one week post-injury. Then, using bulk RNA sequencing, we assessed the differential long-term outcomes between young and aged mice following a TBI. In our scRNA-seq studies, we found that mild head trauma leads to an activation of type I interferon (IFN) signature genes in meningeal macrophages as well as the mobilization of multiple distinct sub-populations of meningeal macrophages expressing hallmarks of either classically activated or wound healing macrophages. We also revealed that dural fibroblasts in the meningeal compartment are highly responsive to TBI, and pathway analysis identified differential expression of genes linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. For reasons that remain poorly understood, the elderly are especially vulnerable to head trauma, where even mild injuries can lead to rapid cognitive decline and devastating neuropathology. To better understand the differential outcomes between the young and the elderly following brain injury, we performed bulk RNA-seq on young and aged meninges from mice that had received a mild TBI or Sham treatment 1.5 months prior. Notably, we found that aging alone induced massive upregulation of meningeal genes involved in antibody production by B cells and type I IFN signaling. Following injury, the meningeal transcriptome had largely returned to its pre-injury signature in young mice. In stark contrast, aged TBI mice still exhibited massive upregulation of immune-related genes and markedly reduced expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and maintenance of cellular junctions. Overall, these findings illustrate the dynamic and complex transcriptional response of the meninges to mild head trauma. Moreover, we also reveal how aging modulates the meningeal response to TBI.
Physiology and structure of pathogenic Escherichia coli pOmpT reveal two substrate-binding sites
Authors: Liu Juanhua , Ran Tingting , Jiang Luyao , Gao Qingqing , Huan Changchao , Wang Hang , Wang Weiwu , Gao Song , Liu Xiufan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pathogenicity of bacteria can be achieved by cleaving antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) through the outer membrane protease family (Omptins) to evade or resist the host’s innate immune response. The OmpT-like proteins in Escherichia coli are members of Omptins, which have highly conserved proteolytic activity. Here, sequence alignment and physiological studies have determined that pOmpT is a virulence factor with atypical proteolytic activity. Comparing pOmpT with cOmpT in terms of structure, proteolytic activity and target substrates, it is found that Asp267 and Ser276 of cOmpT are substrate-binding sites and help its catalytic center to cleave substrates (protamine,synthetic peptide or RNase 7). However, special structural features and the nature of residues Ser267 and Thr276 of pOmpT caused the inability of cleavage protamine, but allows it to specifically cleave the human AMP RNase 7. It is suggested that two sites are related with the substrate specificity. In short, we found that pOmpT presents a new structural basis for the specific recognition of substrates, and providing new clues for the development of antimicrobial drugs.
Functional Redundancy of the Posterior Hippocampi, but not Anterior Hippocampi or Left Frontal Cortex, is Disrupted in Pathological Brain Aging
Authors: Blujus Jenna K. , Cole Michael W. , Festa Elena K. , Buka Stephen L. , Salloway Stephen P. , Heindel William C. , Oh Hwamee ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs prevalence rates of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, are projected to more than double by 2050, emphasis has been placed on early intervention strategies that target resilience mechanisms to delay or prevent the onset of clinical symptoms. Several neural mechanisms underlying brain resilience to AD have been proposed, including redundant neural connections between the posterior hippocampi (HC) and all other brain regions, and global functional connectivity of the left frontal cortex (LFC). It remains unknown, however, if regional redundancy of the HC and LFC underscores neural resilience in the presence of AD pathologies. From the ADNI database, 363 cognitively normal older adults (CN) (N = 220; 36% Aβ+) and patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (N = 143; 51% Aβ+) were utilized. Regional redundancy was calculated from resting state fMRI data using a graph theoretical approach by summing the direct and indirect paths (path lengths=1-4) between each ROI and its 262 functional connections. The results showed that Aβ-status significantly disrupted posterior HC, but not anterior HC or LFC, redundancy. Aβ- groups showed higher redundancy of the bilateral posterior HC than Aβ+. In regard to redundancy-cognition relationships, higher posterior HC redundancy was related to better episodic memory performance, an effect which was primarily driven by the Aβ- group. Despite the positive relationship between posterior HC redundancy and cognition, we did not find compelling evidence that redundancy of the posterior HC serves in a resilience manner, as posterior HC redundancy did not moderate the potentially deleterious relationship between Aβdeposition and cognition. No relationships were found between anterior HC or LFC redundancy and cognitive performance. Together, these findings suggest that redundancy of the LFC does not underpin its role in resilience and that posterior HC redundancy may capture disruptions to network connectivity that occur as a result of Aβdeposition.