bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Temxk Soil Treatments on Plant Height and Yields in Cotton, 1989
Authors: Wright James E. , Chandler L. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik was applied at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 lb (AI)/acre to evaluate the effectiveness of early season insect control and yield on cotton. Treatments were applied at planting on 31 Mar with an Allis- Chambers 78/79 series Air Champ equipped with granular applicators, in sandy loam soil at a commercial field at Monte Alto, TX. Test plots and untreated checks were 1 acre, rows 40 inches wide, with 5 replications. Cotton was preirrigated via furrows and conventional farming practices were utilized. Plant heights were determined at 60 d post emergence by sampling 10 row ft in 5 areas of each plot. The test was oversprayed with Guthion or methyl parathion at recommended rates for control of major pests during Jun and Jul. The test was defoliated on 15 Aug. In 5 areas of each plot, 13.1 row feet was harvested. The harvested cotton was bur-extracted, ginned and weighed. Yields were converted to lb lint cotton/acre.
Spider Mite Management on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1989
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Herd P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field near Greenville, in Pitt County, was selected to evaluate 2 miticides for control and 3 insecticides for their potential to induce spider mite outbreaks. The field was selected because its wide-spread and uniform infestation made it an excellent site to evaluate these products. Peanuts had been planted on 36 inch centers and were showing signs of severe spider mite damage. Treatments were applied on 15 Aug using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat-fan nozzles. Conditions at the time of application were overcast and 85°F with no wind. The Danitol plots were treated a second time on 22 Aug under sunny skies and 88°F. Plots were 20 ft long × 40 rows wide with a 5 ft border between plots on each end. Four replicates for each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sampling was conducted on 17 Aug (48 h posttreat), 22 Aug (7 d posttreat) and 29 Aug (14 d posttreat) by collecting 25 leaflets at random from each plot. These leaflets were placed in a plastic bag and chilled until they could be processed in the laboratory. Samples were processed using a commerciallyavailable mite brushing machine. All data were transformed A + 075 prior to analysis. Actual means are presented.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Velvetbean Caterpillars on Peanuts, 1989
Authors: Mack T. P. , Buckelew L. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled peanut at the Wiregrass Substation in Headland, AL. Seven treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows wide (38 inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 20-ft alley. Treatments were applied in water on 7 Sep using a boom sprayer equipped with 1 hollow cone nozzle per row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating both rows. Three samples were taken from each plot 1 h before treatment and at 4, 7, and 12 d after application.
Grain Sorghum Insect Control with Temik, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted to determine effectiveness of Furdan and Temik for control of aphids and other insects in sorghum. Sorghum was planted 6 Apr on 40 inch rows at Prosper, TX. The seed had been treated with 2 oz Captan and 0.5 oz Heptachlor/100 lb seed. Plots were 4 rows wide and 40 ft long with 4 replications in randomized complete block design. The following treatments were applied in-furrow with a John Deere flex-71 planter. Atrazine at 1.0 (AI)/acre post-emerge was used for weed control. Soil type was Houston clay. On 20 Apr the plant stand on 40 row ft was determined. On 28 Apr and 12 May, the percent of greenbug infested plants was determined on 20 plant samples. The percentage of plants showing significant greenbug damage (Ya of top leaf reddened) was determined on 40 row ft samples on 4 May.
Chinch Bug Control with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Peters Leroy L. , Wright Robert J. , Danielson Stephen D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The sorghum was bordered on the north side by CB infested winter wheat. Sorghum rows were planted perpendicular to the winter wheat on 20-22 May, by the cooperating farmer. Plots were 3 rows, spaced 30 inches apart, 100 ft long. The center row was used for data collection. Insecticides were applied on 27 Jun to sorghum plants in the 5-7 leaf stage, with a compressed CO2 sprayer and boom assembly mounted on bicycle wheels. Two drop nozzles/row (Spraying Systems TX 26 tips) were used at 40 PSI, applying 42.6 gal/acre. Plant stand counts were made pre-application on 27 Jun and post-application on 6 Jul, when the experiment was terminated due to death of the plants in the test area. CB’s were counted pre-treatment on 27 Jun and 30 Jun by examining 5 plants, above the soil line, in each plot.
Leafhopper Control, 1989
Authors: Johnson James W. , Biddinger David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 7-yr-old trees in Douglas, MI on 11 Jul at a rate of 300 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 handgun sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Difolitan, Captec, Bayleton, and Baycor were applied separately to all treatments. On 10 Jul (precount), 13 Jul, and 24 Jul, the total number of motile leafhopper stages on the end 4 leaves of a 25 terminals on a tree were counted for a total of 100 terminals/treatment.
Control of Corn Earworm, 1988
Authors: Johnson M. P. , Spurgeon D. W. , Studebaker G. E. , Mueller A. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located in Little River County, AR, with plants at growth stages R2-4 and approximately 90% canopy closure. Plots size was 2 rows by 50 ft with a 30 inch row spacing. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied 23 Aug with a Solo backpack sprayer equipped with an adjustable hollow cone nozzle delivering approximately 21 gal/acre at 40 psi. Larval numbers were determined by taking 4, 3 row-ft drop cloth samples/plot immediately before and 2 and 7 DAT.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Green Cloverworms on Soybeans, 1989
Authors: Mack T. P. , Miller M. G. , Buckelew L. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled soybeans at the Black Belt Substation in Marion Junction, AL. Eight treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows wide (38 inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 10-ft bare-ground alley. Treatments were applied in water on 11 Aug using a boom sprayer equipped with 1 hollow cone nozzle/row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating both rows. Three samples were taken from each plot prior to treatments and at 3, 7, and 10 d after treatment.
Stink Bug Control with Foliar Insecticides on Soybean, 1989
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Moss R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling southern green stink bugs, bean leaf beetles and threecornered alfalfa hoppers in soybean. Soybeans were planted on 26 Jun to 36 inch rows in conventionally prepared seedbeds at the University of Georgia Southwest Branch Station at Plains, GA. Individual plots were 6 rows wide by 50 ft with 4 replicates in a complete randomized block design and 4 row untreated borders and 6-ft alleys at the beginning and end of plots. Treatments were applied on 29 Aug with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom, at 35 psi delivering 17.2 gal of formulation/acre. Treatments were evaluated 3, 7, 14, and 21-d after application by comparing the number of insect pests/25 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated controls. A 15-inch diam net was passed through the foliage of a single row on each sampling date. A different row was sampled each date.
Grasshopper Control, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Holen Carlyle , Holder Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifty ft × 0.5 mile plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Two replicates were placed in an 80 acre soybean field and 2 replicates were placed in 160 acres of CRP land. Treatments were applied by air with an Ag Cat flying at 100 mph on 2 Aug. Five gal total material/acre was applied. Air temperature was 69-79°F with overcast skies; wind speed was 5°8 mph. 2 sets of 25 sweeps each using a standard 15 inch sweep net were collected in each plot by 2 different people. Counts were averaged and control calculated as a % reduction from untreated. Populations at 72 h posttreatment were so low in the untreated that comparisons were not meaningful.
Control of Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper on Soybean with Foliar Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Wier A. T. , Boethel D. J. , Hutchinson R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (40 inch row spacing) at the Macon Ridge Experiment Station, Winnsboro, LA, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpacker sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre at 21 psi through 8002 nozzles. Treatments were applied on 5 Sep to soybeans in the late R6 growth stage. Samples of adults were taken at 2 DAT using 2, 25-sweep samples/plot (15 inch diam sweep net) and 4 and 7 DAT using one 25-sweep sample/plot. Samples for nymphs were conducted 4 DAT by taking 10 beat-net samples/plot.
Tobacco Aphid Control, Ontario, Canada, 1988
Authors: Cheng H. H. , Hanlon J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots were established in a field at the Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Delhi, Ontario. Tobacco was transplanted into the field on 27 May. The experimental plots were arranged in a split plot design with 2 main plots and 3 replications. There were 6 treatments, consisting of 3 insecticides at 2 rates, and an untreated check in each main plot. Individual subplots were 76 × 14 ft and consisted of 4 rows of 38 plants in each row, the outside rows in each subplot being guard rows. Sprays were applied with a power sprayer using 3 nozzles/row: TG3-TG5-TG3 that delivered 40 gal of liquid/acre at a pressure of 15 psi and 2.5 mph speed, and TG2-TB3-TG2 nozzles that delivered 20 gal of liquid/acre at 10 psi and 3.0 mph speed. All treatments were applied evenly on full-grown, topped tobacco plants over each row in each subplot on 8 Jul. To assess aphid control, 3 leaves were collected at random from each subplot 1 d before treatment and at different dates after treatment. The number of living aphids on the leaves was counted by taking the leaves to the laboratory and examining them under a Luxo lamp magnifier. The aphid counts were transformed into logarithmic scales before ANOVA. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate treatment means. Means were converted to original units for presentation in the table.
Control of Aphids on Tobacco, 1989
Authors: Johnson Douglas W. , Maksymowicz William 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted into plots on the Research and Education Ctr, Princeton, KY, on 1 Jun. Standard cultural practices were employed to produce the tobacco. Plots were one row 25 ft long with a border row on either side and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. On 21 Jul, with "knee-high" plants, applications were made using a CO2 powered sprayer fitted with 3, 70° hollow cone nozzles/row, with one nozzle directly over the row with 8 inch drops (aimed 135° from vertical) on either side of the row. Treatments were applied in 29 gpa at 42 psi. Immediately prespray and at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT all plots were rated for aphid infestation using the following scale: 0 = no aphids, 1 = very light, 1 aphid to small colonies, 2 = several colonies but not wide spread, 3 = general wide spread, 4 = extremely heavy on all plant parts. All RH-7988 treatments contained 1 qt/acre oil, except as noted.
Pink Spray for Pear Thrips Control on Apple, 1989
Authors: Maier Chris T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were compared for efficacy in controlling pear thrips on adults on 19-yr-old semidwarf 'McIntosh' trees at Hamden, Conn. Single-tree plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with 5 replicates/treatment. Diazinon, Guthion, Malathion, Vydate, and water (control) were applied dilute to runoff on 3 May (early pink) with a Chapin Compressed Air Sprayer Model 152. Safer Insecticidal Soap was applied with a trigger sprayer attached to a plastic ready to use bottle. The trees received one dormant oil and one Cyprex application before the experiment. Thrips density was measured prior to treatments on 3 May and 2 days after them on 5 May (pink) by randomly collecting 10 leaf clusters with flowers/tree at chest height and counting adults in the laboratory. Dry, fair weather prevailed throughout the test.
Tobacco Insect Control with Karate, 1989
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. , Barnes Martha L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, VA. Tobacco was transplanted into a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 18 May. A randomized complete block design containing 4 replicates was utilized to evaluate 5 insecticide treatments and an untreated control. Experimental plots, 40 ft long (24 plants) and 8 ft wide (2 rows) were separated by single untreated border rows. Blocks were separated by vacant 5- or 12-ft alleys. The test site was treated with Telone II (15 gal/acre) and Mocap 6 EC (1 gal) on 21 Apr and 22 May, respectively, to control tobacco cyst nematodes. Insecticide treatments were applied with a COs-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 20 gal of finished spray/acre at 60 psi through 3, TX-10, hollow cone tips. Applications for Test 1 were made on 7 Jul. After the first test was completed, the tobacco stalks were cut back to ca. 6 inch of the soil surface and single suckers were allowed to grow from each stub. On 23 Aug the second test received the same treatments as the first. Prior to the first test, all plants in the 1st row of each plot were artificially infested with 3-5 d old THW larvae. Before the second test, 3-5 d old THW and TBW were used to infest each plant in the first and second rows, respectively, of each plot. TA on the 4 upper leaves at least 3 inch long were counted on 10 plants/plot at 3, 7 and 14 DAT in Test 1, and at 2, 8 and 14 DAT in Test 2. THW and TBW were counted on all plants in the first and second rows, respectively. TFB were counted on 5 plants/plot on those dates in Test 2. It rained 1.1, 0.05 and 1.05 inch at 7, 8 and 9 DAT, respectively, in Test 1. There was no rainfall during Test 2.
Russian Wheat Aphid Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 1989
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Gibson R. L. , Hanson S. L. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Winter wheat was planted on 25 Aug in a Lismore silty clay loam soil in 15.2 cm rows using a 16-row John Deere press drill near the Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, Brookings, SD. Wheat plots were artificially infested on 12 Sep with laboratory-reared RWA. Pretreatment counts indicated the presence of favorable RWA populations (x = 412.6) within the cages. A completely random design was used with 4 and 6 cages (1.0 m2) being placed in sprayed and untreated plots, respectively. A CO2-powered backpack sprayer was used to apply treatments on 26 Sep. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 25 psi from a hand-held boom equipped with 6 (Teejet 8002) nozzles spaced 12 inches apart. Posttreatment (6- and 17-d) RWA counts were made by randomly selecting 4 leaves from each of the quadrants within cages. RWA count data were subjected to logarithmic [log (count + 1)] transformation and analyzed using ANOVA.
Lorsban/Oil Mite Control, 1988
Authors: Polk Dean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objectives of this test were to evaluate European red mite control, predator populations, phytotoxicity and fruit finish under heavy rates of Lorsban/oil/spreader applications. Material was applied with a handgun at 250 lb pressure dilute. Applications were made on 28 Jul 1988 with a 1-5 mph breeze. Temperature at the start of applications was 80°F and rose to 87°F by the time all spraying was finished. Other high temperatures were all in excess of 92°F for the duration of this experiment. Treatments were applied to Sturdee Spur red delicious on M106 which were well-pruned with good sunlight penetration. Applications were made to 3 replicates in a randomized complete block design. This test was carried out in a commercial block, and superimposed on the grower's standard spray sechedule. All trees received oil plus Lorsban 50 W at 1/4 inch green and weekly alternate middle post bloom applications of Guthion plus Penncap or Guthion and Lannate.
Control of Russian Wheat Aphid on Spring Wheat, 1989
Authors: Pike Keith S. , Tanigoshi Lynell K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sixteen insecticides were evaluated for performance in controlling RWA. These were applied 6 Jun to spring wheat (growth stage: anthesis to early milk) grown on the USDA/Washington State Univ., Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Central Ferry, WA. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 30 psi. Plots were 10 × 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plots were established within a block of wheat seeded on 1 Apr (seeding rate: 60 lb/acre). Treatments were evaluated at 5 and 14 DAT, based on aphids/tiller (5 tillers/plot, with sampling directed at tillers exhibiting RWA-induced symptoms, i.e. streaked and rolled leaf sheaths and leaves). Aphids were recovered from samples using Berleze-Fulgren funnels.
Pear Psylla, Lab Screening of Insect Growth Regulators, 1989
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on pear seedlings (from open pollinated 'Bartlett' seeds) growing in 4-inch pots. Seedlings were infested with PP eggs by caging 25 adults on each for 5 d. Treatments were applied with a hand operated atomizer sprayer to the point of heavy drip. In one test seedlings were sprayed with water dilutions of candidate pesticides 1 d before adults were caged on them. In another test infested seedlings were sprayed when about one-half the eggs had hatched. In both tests 5 serial dilutions of each pesticide were evaluated. Seedlings were sprayed with water only to provide controls for each test. Treated seedlings with eggs and nymphs were held in a growth room at ca. 75°F and 16:8 (L:D) for 8 to 17 d, then treatments were evaluated by counting remaining eggs and live and dead nymphs on the entire plant under magnification. I have assumed that eggs which appear normal at evaluation time were non-viable. Percent mortality was calculated and data were corrected for check mortality by Abbott's formula.
Grape Berry Moth, 1988
Authors: Dennehy Timothy J. , Taft Theodore N. , Crowe Harold J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A mature Concord vineyard of 15 acres with a known history of GBM infestation was used for insecticide evaluations. The vineyard rows were 9 ft apart and the vines set at 8 ft apart within the row. Each treatment consisted of 45 vines (3 rows × 15 vines) and was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays with a hooded boom over-the-row sprayer operated at 500 psi, and equipped with 7 nozzles/boom on each side with No. 2-1/2 (mm) discs and 3-hole whirl plates. From 2 to 6 applications were made between 21 Jun and 11 Aug. The conventional 3-spray regimen for control of GBM, comprising treatments of postbloom, 10 d postbloom, and early Aug, was evaluated and contrasted with alternative application timings. Cover sprays consisting of a tank mix of triademefon (Bayleton) at 1 oz. AI and maneb (Dithane M-22) at 1.5 lb Al/acre were applied to all plots on 15 Jun and 7 Jul to suppress powdery mildew, black rot, and downy mildew. Injury assessment was made on 6 Sep and was based on the number of berries injured by GBM larvae per 100 clusters in each replication (10 clusters from 10 vines/replication). Carbaryl SOS applied at 2 lb AI and Parathion 8EC applied at 9 oz AI were the standards. GBM infestation in the block was considered average or slightly above average in 1988. The threshold for GBM damage is 2% damaged berries.
Chemical Evaluations for Control of Japanese Beetle and Grape Berry Moth on Grapes, 1989
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. , McLeod M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five treatments were evaluated for efficacy against the Japanese beetle and grape berry moth in an experimental vineyard of Concord grapes at Wooster, Ohio. Plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 4 replications/treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gal/acre (935 1/ha) on 18 Jul and 31 Jul, using a hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. BIOASSAY FOR JAPANESE BEETLE: After treated foliage was dry, 10 grape leaves were removed at random from the outside canopy of each plot for use in the bioassay. Leaves were brought into the laboratory on 0, 1, 3, 7 and 9 d after first treatment and placed inside ventilated 1 gal ice cream containers with 10 Japanese beetles. The 1-gal containers were modified by placing plastic liners inside and cheese cloth over the top. After holding beetles on treated foliage for 24 h, a count of the number of live beetles surviving was taken. The insect holding room was maintained at 75°F (23°C) with ca. 75% RH. FIELD STUDIES JAPANESE BEETLE: In addition to the bioassay, a reading of the number of live JB present in the field plots was taken at 1 h pretreatment and 0, 1, 3, 7, and 9 d posttreatment. This was accomplished by counting the number of live beetles present on the outside grape foliage on both sides of each plot. GRAPE BERRY MOTH EVALUATION: On 19 Sep, 10 grape clusters were randomly removed from each replicate and examined for the number of berries infested by grape berry moth.