bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study to Compare and Adjust the Number of Occlusal Contacts in a Provisional Restoration in Centric Occlusion Using a Virtual Articulator and Functionally Generated Path Technique
Authors: Ashwin Matety , Tandan Amrit , Pande Swapnil , Upadhyay Manoj , Agarwal Garima , Tiwari Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Aim and Objective: The present study was done with the aim to compare and adjust the number of occlusal contacts of provisional restoration in centric occlusion using a virtual articulator and functionally generated path technique(FGP). objectives of this study were;1) To assess the number of occlusal contacts of a provisional restoration prepared on a virtual articulator and using FGP technique separately, 2)To compare the number of occlusal contacts of provisional crown fabricated by using virtual articulator and FGP technique. 3)To compare the number of adjustments required to equalise the contacts in provisional restoration made by using virtual articulator and FGP technique in centric occlusion.
Materials and Methods: The study involved Ten patients requiring complete veneers on lower first molars, were selected and given two provisional restorations one fabricated using functionally generated pathway and the other using a virtual articulator.
Results: The mean number of occlusal contacts in FGP at centric after the first four adjustments were 3.9, 5.4, 5.0, 6.6 respectively. The mean number of occlusal contacts in the prosthesis fabricated using virtual articulator at centric after the first four adjustments were 7.0, 9.7, 9.2, 10 respectively. The mean number of occlusal corrections made in FGP at centric was 6.4 and the mean value of occlusal corrections in virtual articulator at centric was 2.7. The mean value of number of occlusal contacts in prosthesis fabricated using FGP technique at eccentric after the first two adjustments were 4.6 and 4.7 respectively where as in the prosthesis fabricated using virtual articulator was 4.4 and 5.3 respectively. The number of occlusal contacts were marginally more in the prosthesis fabricated using virtual articulator than from the prosthesis fabricated using FGP. The mean value of occlusal corrections in FGP at eccentric was 2.7 whereas the mean value of number of occlusal corrections in a prosthesis using a virtual articulator was 1.9. The number of occlusal adjustments in virtual articulator was less in both centric and eccentric than that of FGP proposed by Meyers.
Conclusion: The present study shows that virtual articulator has been deemed better in terms of both patient compliance as well as operator’s ease in delivering of the prosthesis.
Industrial and Technological Waste Mismanagement and Its Implications for the Present and Future Geology of the Earth: A Field Study of the Ekulu River in Enugu Metropolis, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Onuigbo E. N. , Okoro A. U. , Ezealajii I. P. , Ozulu G. U. 
Published: May 2022

Aim: Field study of the Ekulu River in the coal mining and industrialized part of the Enugu Metropolis was done in order to evaluate the impacts of industrial and technological waste mismanagement on the present and future geology of the Earth.
Methodology: The study includes field observation, sampling and description of nature and composition of the sediments from the ancient/abandoned and present/active river channels.
Result: The findings of the study shows incorporation of non- decomposable particles such as nylon, plastics, leather, chicken feather, pieces of broken bottles, electrical wire, coal chips, aluminum foil, cloth materials, metallic containers, coal tar and chippings scraped off from failed road etc as part of the present river channel sediments in an active areas such as Onyeama Mine and surroundings and Abakpa Bridge.
Conclusion: Occurrence of these debris referred to as “Technofossils” in the sediments and sedimentary rocks that is or will be preserved in these fluvial settings now and in the near future will serve as one of the evidences of human impacts on the Earth System through the use of technological inventions and industrial revolution. These anthropogenic materials in the present river channel sediments are markers which support the argument on a clear shift in geologic time from Holocene to Anthropocene, a proposed human influenced geologic epoch.
Herbal Infusions and Teas Taken Orally: What is not Taken into Account in the Phytotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Urakov A. , Urakova N. , Shchemeleva A. , Lovtsova L. , Fayzullina R. , Akhmetyanova A. , Kudashkina N. , Suleymanova D. , Galiakhmetova E. , Khasanova S. , Krylova I. 
Published: May 2022

Infusions, decoctions and teas made from hot drinking water and various medicinal plants are widely used in folk medicine and pharmacy in the Russian Federation and in the countries of Southwest Asia. In this study, the methods of ethnopharmacology and pharmacy were combined to clarify the mechanism of action of traditional herbal mixtures in the phytotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The technology of preparation of infusions, decoctions and teas from medicinal plants and the quality of water are analyzed. It is shown that the traditional assessment of the pharmacological activity of herbal mixtures was previously considered only from the point of view of the biological activity of the main chemical components, without taking into account the influence of water, its volume, as well as without taking into account acidic, osmotic (hypotonic) activity and temperature of water extracts. However, it has been shown that drinking water is also the main active ingredient of water extracts, and the quality of water and its physical-chemical properties can be important in the effect on the body of patients. In particular, attention is drawn to the fact that ingestion of 250 ml of such aqueous extracts can dilute blood plasma, reduce the concentration of all substances in it, including glucose concentration, reduce osmotic activity of the plasma and promote the removal of glucose from the body due to its "washing". Therefore, traditional herbal medicine based on ingestion of 250 ml of aqueous extracts 2-4 times a day may be accompanied by hypoglycemia and a decrease in the concentration of all other ingredients in the blood plasma not so much due to the action of biologically active substances, but also due to the action of water. The process of reducing the concentration of glucose in the blood is more intense and significant, the faster the water is absorbed into the blood and the more water is drunk. It is also obvious that some of the glucose is excreted with water from the body during urination and sweating. Nevertheless, in order to give a definitive answer to the role of herbal teas and infusions in the phytotherapy of diabetes mellitus, new and more comprehensive pharmacological studies are required in the future, taking into account the volume of water and the physico-chemical properties of water extracts.
Effects of Letrozole on Trabecular Diameter of Long Bone: Mouse Model
Authors: Khan Muhammad Haroon , Momin Nabila , Javed Sarah , Mobeen Faiqa , Mehmood Amna Shah , Khan Sana Ullah 
Published: May 2022

Background: Letrozole, a commonly prescribed Neoadjuvant endocrine therapeutic drug in hormone receptor positive breast cancer females, causes osteoporosis along with several other debilitating effects. The objective of this study was to observe the changes in trabecular diameter of femur of mice after exposure to Letrozole.
Materials and Methods: This Laboratory based experimental study was carried out at Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre (PCSIR) Peshawar and Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar from 1st of June 2018 till 30th of July 2018. Thirty-three female albino mice were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was given Letrozole drug at a dose of 1mg/kg/day for 28 days. Weight of these thirty-three mice was measured before and after administration of the drug. The animals were then sacrificed. Femurs were dissected and processed to find out changes in its gross morphology, weight, and trabecular diameter.
Results: The overall weight of mice, weight of femur and its trabecular diameter was greater in control Group as compared to experimental Group.
Conclusion: Use of Letrozole can cause significant reduction in trabecular diameter of long bones.
Maternal – Fetal Outcome in Cases of HELLP Syndrome at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Orugbo Voke Peter , Atoe Kenneth 
Published: May 2022

Aims: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in resource-poor nations like Africa. This is even more predicated in HELLP (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets) syndrome, which is a life-threatening pregnancy complication and is usually considered to be a variant of preeclampsia. The present study therefore investigated maternal – fetal outcome in cases of HELLP syndrome at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital.
Study Design: The study is a descriptive retrospective investigation, which comprised 210 pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome, which were acquired from their separate medical records.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Delta state University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH),Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria over a 24-month period.
Methodology: In newborn medical records, several outcome variables were evaluated. The gestational age was calculated using obstetric characteristics such as menstrual history, early clinic checkup, and ultrasound at 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Results: The average age of the mothers in the study was 29 years old, with a 95th percentile age of 40 years old. Preeclampsia risk was also enhanced by having more children. Preeclampsia is a condition that affects pregnant women who are more than 30 weeks pregnant. The HELLP syndrome has a significant impact on the outcome of the fetus. New stillbirth accounted for 4.6 percent of fetal outcomes, whereas early neonatal death, which occurred within the first 28 days of life, accounted for 3.4 percent of the 210 participants in the study. In addition, 2.3 percent of stillbirths were macerated, and 10.3 percent of fetuses died in the womb.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between age and the occurrence of preeclampsia, according to the HELLP syndrome classification. In each age group, a minor percentage of the subjects (6%) had Class I HELLP syndrome, while the majority (60.5%) had Class II HELLP syndrome.
Self‐Intercalation Tunable Interlayer Exchange Coupling in a Synthetic van der Waals Antiferromagnet
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Liu Wenqing , Niu Wei , Lu Qiangsheng , Wang Wei , Sarikhani Ali , Wu Xiaohua , Zhu Chunhui , Sun Jiabao , Vaninger Mitchel , Miceli Paul. F. , Li Jianqi , Singh David J. , Hor Yew San , Zhao Yue , Liu Chang , He Liang , Zhang Rong , Bian Guang , Yu Dapeng , Xu Yongbing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the most promising avenues in 2D materials research is the synthesis of antiferromagnets employing 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets. However, it has proven challenging, due in part to the complicated fabrication process and undesired adsorbates as well as the significantly deteriorated ferromagnetism at atomic layers. Here, the engineering of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer exchange coupling between atomically thin yet ferromagnetic CrTe2 layers in an ultra‐high vacuum‐free 2D magnetic crystal, Cr5Te8 is reported. By self‐introducing interstitial Cr atoms in the vdW gaps, the emergent AFM ordering and the resultant giant magnetoresistance effect are induced. A large negative magnetoresistance (10%) with a plateau‐like feature is revealed, which is consistent with the AFM interlayer coupling between the adjacent CrTe2 main layers in a temperature window of 30 K below the Néel temperature. Notably, the AFM state has a relatively weak interlayer exchange coupling, allowing a switching between the interlayer AFM and ferromagnetic states at moderate magnetic fields. This work represents a new route to engineering low‐power devices that underpin the emerging spintronic technologies, and an ideal laboratory to study 2D magnetism.
The Electron Transport Regulation in Carbon Dots/In2O3 Electrocatalyst Enable 100% Selectivity for Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wu Jie , Han Yidong , Bai Yuchen , Wang Xiting , Zhou Yunjie , Zhu Wenxiang , He Tiwei , Wang Yingming , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDirect electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via two‐electron pathway oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) is crucially essential for a sustainable green economy. However, catalysts inevitably undergo four‐electron pathway oxygen reduction reaction (4e− ORR), resulting in low selectivity and economic benefits. The current challenge is to provide a feasible design strategy for obtaining satisfactory 2e− ORR catalysts with high selectivity. In this work, carbon dots (CDs) act as a cocatalyst to regulate the electron transport kinetics of In2O3/CDs, and the influence of CDs on the ORR pathways of In2O3/CDs is also studied. The electron transfer kinetics on In2O3/CDs composites are studied and analyzed using the transient photo‐induced voltage (TPV) technology. Combining the TPV results and kinetics analysis, it is shown that the electron transport on the In2O3 interface is obviously weakened after the addition of CDs, resulting in a high H2O2 selectivity. It is also demonstrated that CDs can effectively enhance the selectivity of H2O2, and the H2O2 selectivity of In2O3/CDs–10 is in close proximity to 100%, which is much higher than that of pure In2O3 (72%). This work will provide a new understanding and insight into addressing the challenge of low H2O2 selectivity for 2e− ORR catalysts.
Textured and Rigid Capillary Materials for Passive Energy‐Conversion Devices
Authors: Alberghini Matteo , Morciano Matteo , Giardino Matteo , Perrucci Francesco , Scaltrito Luciano , Janner Davide , Chiavazzo Eliodoro , Fasano Matteo , Asinari Pietro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPassive energy‐conversion devices based on water uptake and evaporation offer a robust and cost‐effective alternative in a wide variety of applications. This work introduces a new research avenue in the design of passive devices by replacing traditional porous materials with rigid capillary layers engraved with optimized V‐shaped grooves. The concept is tested using aluminum sheets, which are machined by femtosecond laser and covered by silica or functionalized by oxygen plasma to achieve stable long‐term capillary properties. The durability of the proposed material is experimentally evaluated when functioning with aqueous salt concentrations: both the coated and functionalized specimens exhibit stable wettability after being immersed in saltwater for all the duration of the experiments (≈250 h in this work). The proposed new class of materials is envisaged for use in passive solar or thermal energy‐conversion devices. As a case study, a time‐discretized capillary model is coupled with a validated lumped‐parameters heat and mass transfer model, aiming to estimate the maximum size and productivity of a passive solar distiller employing porous materials of known thermal and capillary properties. This study paves the way to the use of a new class of rigid, highly thermally conductive materials that can significantly improve the performance of passive devices by simplifying the assembly of multistage setups, thus helping to extend their use to real‐scale applications.
Gelatinized PLCL Electrospun Membrane for the Prevention of Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion Through Fibrinolysis Activation
Authors: Gao Rui , Kong Pengxu , Yang Chunfang , Liu Xiang , Wang Jingrong , Ouyang Wenbin , Huang Pingsheng , Zhang Chuangnian , Feng Zujian , Wang Weiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAbdominal adhesion is a common complication after surgery, which causes pain to patient and increases the risks of reoperation. Electrospinning polyester membrane serving as a physical barrier is used for preventing abdominal adhesion; however, the efficacy is limited due to the lacking of bioactivity necessary for antiadhesion. Here, hydrophobic poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (PLCL) electrospinning membranes are hydrophilized with photo‐crosslinked methacrylic anhydride gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel for postoperative abdominal adhesion prevention. The composite membranes show fibrous network architecture, good cytocompatibility, and hydrophilicity than commercial poly(d,l‐lactide acid) (PDLLA) film. Importantly, the composite membrane provides superior antiadhesion effect over PLCL membrane alone or commercial PDLLA film, against abdominal wall–cecum adhesion models in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The underlying mechanism is that PLCL/GelMA membrane successfully promotes the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP‐9) that can reduce the collagen deposition in extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, the composite membrane significantly upregulates the expression of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and downregulates the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), leading to the activation of fibrinolytic system, which inhibits the formation of adhesive tissues. Collectively, gelatinized PLCL electrospun membrane is a promising bioactive barrier for preventing postsurgery abdominal adhesions.
Tailoring Accidental Double Bound States in the Continuum in All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Abujetas Diego R. , Olmos‐Trigo Jorge , Sánchez‐Gil José A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) have been thoroughly investigated due to their formally divergent Q‐factor, especially those emerging in all‐dielectric, nanostructured metasurfaces from symmetry protection at the Γ point (in‐plane wavevector k|| = 0). Less attention has been paid to accidental BICs that may appear at any other in the band structure of supported modes, being in turn difficult to predict. Here, a coupled electric/magnetic dipole model is used to determine analytical conditions for the emergence of accidental BICs, valid for any planar array of meta‐atoms that can be described by dipolar resonances, which is the case of many nanostructures in the optical domain. This is explored for all‐dielectric nanospheres through explicit analytical conditions that allow in turn to predict accidental BIC positions in the parameter space (ω, k||). Finally, such conditions are exploited to determine not only single, but also double (for both linear polarizations) accidental BICs occurring at the same position in the dispersion relation ω − k|| for realistic semiconductor nanodisk meta‐atoms. This might pave the way to a variety of BIC‐enhanced light–matter interaction phenomena at the nanoscale such as lasing or nonlinear conversion, that benefit from emerging at wavevectors away from the Γ point (off‐normal incidence) overlapping for both linear polarizations.
Resonant Scattering in Proximity‐Coupled Graphene/Superconducting Mo2C Heterostructures
Authors: Hao Meng , Xu Chuan , Wang Cheng , Liu Zhen , Sun Su , Liu Zhibo , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Ren Wencai , Kang Ning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe realization of high‐quality heterostructures or hybrids of graphene and superconductor is crucial for exploring various novel quantum phenomena and devices engineering. Here, the electronic transport on directly grown high‐quality graphene/Mo2C vertical heterostructures with clean and sharp interface is comprehensively investigated. Owing to the strong interface coupling, the graphene layer feels an effective confinement potential well imposed by two‐dimensional (2D) Mo2C crystal. Employing cross junction device geometry, a series of resonance‐like magnetoresistance peaks are observed at low temperatures. The temperature and gate voltage dependences of the observed resonance peaks give evidence for geometric resonance of electron cyclotron orbits with the formed potential well. Moreover, it is found that both the amplitude of resonance peaks and conductance fluctuation exhibit different temperature‐dependent behaviors below the superconducting transition temperature of 2D Mo2C, indicating the correlation of quantum fluctuations and superconductivity. This study offers a promising route toward integrating graphene with 2D superconducting materials, and establishes a new way to investigate the interplay of massless Dirac fermion and superconductivity based on graphene/2D superconductor vertical heterostructures.
Comment on “Multiphase, Multiscale Chemomechanics at Extreme Low Temperatures: Battery Electrodes for Operation in a Wide Temperature Range”
Authors: Jin Congrui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2021, Li et al. published a study to elucidate the multiscale and multiphase complexities in lithium‐ion batteries after exposure to extreme low temperatures. This comment aims to 1) emphasize the significance of this study in the context of space exploration and 2) point out a possible explanation for the observed correlation between the low‐temperature‐induced cracking and the intrinsic porosity.
Experimental investigation and modeling on the dissociation conditions of methane hydrate in clayey silt cores
Authors: Yu Changhong , Sun Baojiang , Yang Tangyang , Wang Zhiyuan , Gao Yonghai , Chen Litao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs the majority of global natural gas hydrate reserve, the dissociation conditions of hydrate in clayey silts are of great significance for its efficient production. In this work, the dissociation conditions of methane hydrate in clayey silt cores were experimentally measured by step‐heating method at the temperature range of 280.76–289.55 K and pressure range of 8.11–15.03 MPa, respectively. Various cores including quartz powder, montmorillonite, and South China Sea sediments at the water content range of 20%–33% were used for investigation. The results showed that the dissociation temperatures of methane hydrate in clayey silt cores depressed compared to bulk hydrate. The grain size, salinity, and lithology of clayey silt cores significantly affect the dissociation conditions of hydrate. In comparison to grain size, salinity, and lithology had a more significant influence on the equilibrium temperature depression. The dissociation temperature depression of methane hydrate was considered as a consequence of the water activity depression which is caused by the effect of capillary, salt, or clay. A water activity meter was used to measure the water activity in clayey silt cores. The influence of salt component and mineral characteristics on the water activity was investigated. By combining the measured water activity data with the Chen‐Guo model, a novel water activity measurement (WAM) method for the hydrate dissociation conditions prediction was proposed. With the maximum deviation less than 12%, the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data. It demonstrated that the WAM method could effectively predict the dissociation conditions of methane hydrate in clayey silts with convenience and accuracy.