bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis and interrelation between haematite suspension based sliders of various configurations influenced with squeeze effects and film ratio under slip conditions
Authors: Ram Paras , Kumar Anil , Devender  
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rationale of the current article is to investigate hematite suspension based slider bearings of various configurations namely, inclined, secant, exponential, convex and parallel pad stators under the effect of polarization force. The comparative investigation of the load capacity with reference to the position of centre of pressure under varying squeeze and slip conditions has been carried out. The squeeze velocity seems when the upper pad moves normally towards the lower one. The mathematical articulations for non‐dimensional pressure, load capacity and position of the centre of pressure for various configurations of bearing have been acquired. The optimum values of film ratio concerning maximum load capacity for various designed sliders are analyzed at distinct values of squeeze velocity. The interrelation between parallel, inclined and convex pad stator slider bearings is also explored. Finally, a suggestive approach is made to use a particular design of slider under given dynamic conditions.
Identification of immunosuppressive factors in retinoblastoma cell secretomes and aqueous humor from patients
Authors: Cuadrado‐Vilanova Maria , Liu Jing , Paco Sonia , Aschero Rosario , Burgueño Victor , Sirab Nanor , Pascual‐Pasto Guillem , Correa Genoveva , Balaguer‐Lluna Leire , Castillo‐Ecija Helena , Perez‐Jaume Sara , Muñoz‐Aznar Oscar , Roldan Monica , Suñol Mariona , Schaiquevich Paula , Aerts Isabelle , Doz François , Cassoux Nathalie , Lubieniecki Fabiana , Benitez‐Ribas Daniel , Lavarino Cinzia , Mora Jaume , Chantada Guillermo L , Catala‐Mora Jaume , Radvanyi François , Carcaboso Angel M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe microenvironment of retinoblastoma, the solid malignancy of the developing retina, is immunosuppressive. To study the interactions between tumor‐associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells in retinoblastomas, we analyzed immunohistochemistry markers in 23 patient samples and characterized 105 secreted cytokines of 11 retinoblastoma cell models in culture. We detected profuse infiltration of CD163+ protumoral M2‐like polarized TAMs in eyes enucleated due to cancer progression. Previous treatment of patients increased the number of TAMs but did not affect M2‐like polarization. M2‐like microglia/macrophages were almost absent in five eyes obtained from children enucleated due to nontumoral causes. CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were moderately abundant in tumor eyes and very scarce in nontumoral ones. The expression of the immune checkpoint molecule PD‐L1 was absent in 95% of the tumor samples, which is concordant with the finding of FOXP3+ Tregs infiltrating tumors. We confirmed the pathology results using single‐cell transcriptome analysis of one tumor. We identified the cytokines extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), both with reported immunosuppressive activity, secreted at high levels in retinoblastoma primary cell cultures. Gene expression analysis of a large retinoblastoma cohort and single‐cell transcriptome analysis confirmed that MIF and EMMPRIN were significantly upregulated in retinoblastomas, which led us to quantify both proteins by immunoassays in liquid biopsies (aqueous humor obtained from more than 20 retinoblastoma patients). We found a significant increase in the concentration of MIF and EMMPRIN in cancer patients, compared to 12 noncancer ones. Finally, we showed that macrophages derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased the expression of markers of M2‐like polarization upon exposure to retinoblastoma‐conditioned medium or recombinant MIF. Overall, our findings suggest that retinoblastoma cell secretions induce the protumoral phenotype of this tumor. Our results might have clinical impact in the fields of biomarkers and treatment. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and vaccination in patients with Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome
Authors: Galletta Thomas J. , Loveless Sara K. , Malsch Maggie M. , Shimamura Akiko , Myers Kasiani C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBecause they can experience neutropenia due to bone marrow failure, patients with Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome (SDS) carry increased risk for serious infections compared with the general population; however, there has been a paucity of data on the incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in patients with SDS. We compiled results from a survey distributed to participants in the SDS Registry in May‐June 2021. In this report, we describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with SDS who had COVID‐19. Patients reported a short clinical course without significant complications or cytopenias. Additionally, COVID‐19 vaccines were well tolerated with minor side effects.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous carpal tunnel release: A systematic review
Authors: Chou Raymond C. , Robinson David M. , Homer Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment mononeuropathy. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the reported clinical effectiveness and safety of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous carpal tunnel release (USCTR) for the treatment of CTS.Literature SurveyPubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect databases were queried from database inception to February 20, 2021, to identify clinical studies on USCTR.MethodologyTwo reviewers independently completed title, abstract, and full‐text screening, and they extracted data in duplicate for analysis. Procedure techniques, outcome measures, and complications were descriptively analyzed.SynthesisEighty‐seven studies were eligible for screening. Twenty studies (three randomized controlled trials, three prospective cohort studies, and 14 case series) met inclusion criteria, with a total of 1772 USCTR cases. The overall level of evidence was very low, with seven studies with at least moderate risk of bias. Thirteen studies exceeded the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Symptom Severity Scale (BCTQ‐SS) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Functional Status Scale (BCTQ‐FS), and six studies exceeded the MCID for the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder & Hand (QDASH). Five studies reported statistically significant improvement in these functional outcome measures as early as the first week post‐procedure. A major complication occurred in one patient who developed suspected compartment syndrome, and minor complications were reported in 24 patients.ConclusionsBased on very low level of evidence, early studies suggest that USCTR may be an effective treatment for CTS, with potential for short post‐procedure recovery times.
Helicoverpa armigera herbivory negatively impacts Aphis gossypii populations via inducible metabolic changes
Authors: Zheng Shuaichao , Liu Weijiao , Luo Junyu , Wang Lisha , Zhu Xiangzhen , Gao Xueke , Hua Hongxia , Cui Jinjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHelicoverpa armigera and Aphis gossypii are two important insect species that feed on cotton plants. These insects have distinct abilities to induce plant resistance and tolerate plant toxins, which results in interspecific competition imbalance that may be fatal to the low‐tolerance A. gossypii and force these insects to develop avoidance behaviors and subsequently separate from their niche. We implemented ecological experiments to test the effects of H. armigera‐induced plant resistance and behavioral avoidance in A. gossypii, and employed transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to reveal changes in resistance genes and metabolites in plants.RESULTSOur results demonstrate that cotton plants induced by H. armigera cause significant inhibitory and avoidance effects on A. gossypii insect populations. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis showed changes in plant resistance induced by H. armigera leading to a decreased feeding efficiency of A. gossypii. In addition, genes associated with jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were significantly up‐regulated in cotton plants after H. armigera induction, which led to a significant up‐regulation of metabolites inducing plant resistance. These observations were corroborated by bioactivity analysis on metabolites, which showed that jasmonic acid, gossypol and tannins have significant inhibitory effects on A. gossypii populations. In contrast, methylparaben is associated with avoidance behaviors on A. gossypii populations.CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that the differences in the ability to induce plant resistance and tolerance between two non‐predatory insects were lethal to low‐tolerance A. gossypii insects, which might be a major factor determining their niche differentiation. This was further demonstrated by screening anti‐insect and bio‐hormonal metabolites. Our study provides a reference for investigating the evolutionary relationship between non‐predatory insects and insights to implement effective insect biocontrol. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatiotemporal change in the river network in rapidly urbanized plain regions of the Yangtze River Delta in China
Authors: Xu Guanglai , Li Aijuan , Yang Qiangqiang , Chi Jianyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid urbanization has brought numerous aquatic problems to plain river network regions. We selected three categories (five indicators) of characteristics to describe the physical characteristics of river network systems, including quantitative, structural, and complex characteristics. Using the grid method and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), the spatiotemporal change pattern of one plain river network of the Yangtze River Delta was addressed from the 1960s to 2014 based on topographic maps. The results showed that the river density (DR), water surface ratio (WP), and box dimension (D0) in over 82% of the area decreased. The spatial pattern of the water system is divided into four categories by HCA: urban areas, river network areas, mainstream areas, and lake areas. The categories of river network areas and lake areas decreased, while the categories of urban areas and mainstream areas increased from the 1960s to 2014 because of urbanization. There are approximately 12.8% grid cells that change from river network areas to mainstream areas, which is the most important change due to the reduction of tributaries and increase of main streams. These results indicate that river network distribution patterns have the tendency to simplify and remain mainstream. Our study suggests that water systems and river networks should be protected, which would provide support for water resource management in highly urbanized plain regions.
The Influence of Self-Management, Anxiety and Depression on Chronic Eczema-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Standen Laura , Garip Gulcan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chronic eczema, a persistent inflammatory skin condition, affects 1 in 12 adults in the United Kingdom and negatively influences quality of life. Self-management can potentially influence chronic conditions, such as eczema, reducing symptoms and positively influencing quality of life; however, there is a lack of public education for eczema. Anxiety and depression negatively influence quality of life, and frequently present alongside eczema. Psychological interventions for anxiety and depression have shown to be effective for eczema-related quality of life. This study aimed at examining the relationship between self-management, anxiety, and depression, on quality of life in individuals with chronic eczema. The main hypothesis proposed that anxiety and depression reduce the influence of eczema self-management on quality of life, potentially as individuals might be less likely to support their eczema treatment when experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. A cross-sectional design and opportunistic sampling were used to analyse the data from 77 participants who responded to four self-report scales to assess self-management understanding, anxiety, depression and quality of life in participants with chronic eczema. Data were analysed by a hierarchical multiple linear regression to assess the variance contributed by each variable added to the model. Results from this sample shows a trend whereby self-management of eczema contributes less variance to quality of life alongside comorbid anxiety and depression; this suggests that self-management has reduced influence on eczema-related quality of life when anxiety and depression are present. Furthermore, low self-management, high anxiety, and high depression significantly negatively influence quality of life. The three variables combined accounted for 41.1% of variance in quality of life scores, suggesting anxiety, depression and self-management influence quality of life in the sample. Self-management, anxiety, and depression significantly influence eczema-related quality of life, and participants who reported comorbid anxiety and depression were more likely to report lower levels of self-management in this sample.
Deciphering Fluid Transport Within Leaf‐Inspired Capillary Networks Based on a 3D Computational Model
Authors: Mao Mao , Chen Pengyu , He Jiankang , Zhu Guangyu , Li Xiao , Li Dichen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLeaf venation provides a promising template for engineering capillary‐like vasculature in vitro due to its highly efficient fluid transport capability and remarkable similarities to native capillary networks. A key challenge in exploring the potential biological applications of leaf‐inspired capillary networks (LICNs) is to accurately and quantitively understand its internal fluid transport characteristics. Here, a centerline‐induced partition‐assembly modeling strategy is proposed to establish a 3D computational model, which can accurately simulate the flow conditions in LICNs. Based on the 3D flow simulation, the authors demonstrate the excellent defect‐resistant fluid transport capability of LICNs. Interestingly, structural defects in the primary channel can effectively accelerate the overall perfusion efficiency. Flow patterns in LICNs with multiple defects can be estimated by simple superposition of the simulation results derived from the corresponding single‐defect models. The 3D computational model is further used to determine the optimal perfusion parameter for the in‐vitro formation of endothelialized capillary networks by mimicking native microvascular flow conditions. The endothelialized networks can recapitulate the vascular colonization process and reveal a strong correlation between cancer cell adhesion and flow‐induced shear stress. This study offers a quantitative tool to scrutinize the fluid and biological transport mechanisms within LICNs for various biomedical applications.
Construction of Graphene‐Based “In‐Paper” 3D Interdigital Microelectrodes for High Performance Metal‐Free Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Xuening , Gao Rixia , Liu Gang , Luo Hao , Zhao Xueping , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) are promising power sources of portable/wearable electronic devices. Electrodes are the key components determining performance of the MSCs, but it still remains a big challenge in either materials or fabrication methods to achieve both high charge storage capability and robust mechanical flexibility. Herein, a novel water‐cooling assisted selective laser ablation (WASLA) technique is demonstrated for scale‐fabrication of “embedded‐in‐paper” 3D graphene‐cellulose composite interdigital electrodes (3D GCCIEs) in a mask‐free and chemical‐free manner. The obtained electrodes are endowed with 3D charge storage geometry, high electrical conduction, freely designed patterns, and the inherent advantages of paper substrate. Therefore, the 3D GCCIEs‐based MSC exhibits excellent overall performance including large specific capacitances, high rate performance, impressive cyclic stability, and remarkable mechanical flexibility. Moreover, metal‐free 3D GCCIE‐MSC integrated arrays with diverse shapes composed of linear/curved interdigital electrodes are also fabricated, and a letter‐shaped MSC array successfully lit a light emitting diode light in both flat and folded status demonstrating excellent device flexibility. The as‐fabricated 3D GCCIE‐MSCs have shown great application potential as power sources of flexible electronic devices, and the WASLA method proves to be an effective strategy for scale‐manufacturing high performance paper‐based charge storage devices not limited to supercapacitors.
Scoping review to assess online information available to new dog owners
Authors: Kuhl Christina A. , Lea Richard G. , Quarmby Caroline , Dean Rachel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany dog owners turn to the internet for pet care advice. As internet resources can positively or negatively influence owners’ decision making and thus impact dogs’ welfare, the identification of trustworthy information online is crucial.MethodsA scoping review was conducted in 2014, and repeated in 2021, to assess the availability and quality indicators of information resources generated from Google searches using empirically derived dog owner internet search terms.ResultsA total of 121 unique resources were identified from 300 search hits in 2014, compared to 102 in 2021. On both occasions, the resources identified covered most aspects of dog care and related to all ages and breeds of dog. Flesch Kincaid readability scores indicated the majority to be easily understandable. However, many resources did not offer supporting evidence or a reference list, and the minority of resources stated an author. Of the resources identified in 2014, only 10% (n = 12/121) were dated, compared to 45% in 2021 (n = 46/102).ConclusionThis study found that while a great deal of information on caring for a new dog or puppy is available online, reliable indicators of quality were lacking, posing a barrier to owners’ identification of trustworthy information.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy provides palliation for a dog with advanced gastric carcinoma
Authors: Pires Elena , Khorsand Matthew , Lee Ber‐In , Ciepluch Brittany , Boss Mary‐Keara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, female, spayed border collie displayed vomiting and diarrhoea for a period of 3 months and presented with severe emaciation. A laparotomy confirmed the presence of a gastric lesion, and histopathologic evaluation revealed a diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. The dog was treated with hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiation therapy and achieved clinical improvement for approximately 3 months after treatment. Given the improvement of clinical signs following treatment in this case, the use of radiation therapy as a treatment option may be explored for palliation for dogs with advanced gastric carcinoma.
Structures and Catalytic Properties of two New Squaramide‐decorated Cd‐MOFs
Authors: Zhan Dongsun , Xu Ning , Du Shunfu , Ju Zhanfeng , Yuan Daqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBy assembling Cd2+ ions with two reported squaramide‐based ligands in solvothermal reaction condition, two new MOFs with the formulas Cd2(L1)(DMF)3 (sq‐Cd‐MOF‐1) (H4L1=5,5’‐((3,4‐dioxocylcobut‐1‐ene‐1,2‐diyl)bis(azanediyl) diisophthalic acid) and Cd(L2)(dpe) (sq‐Cd‐MOF‐2) (H2L2=3,3’‐((3,4‐dioxocyclobut‐1‐ene‐1,2‐diyl)bis(azanediyl)) dibenzoic acid, dpe=1,2‐di(pyridine‐4‐yl)ethane) are obtained. The MOFs are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and PXRD. X‐ray data analysis reveals that sq‐Cd‐MOF‐1 possesses a new three‐dimensional framework with one dimension narrow apertures, while the structure of sq‐Cd‐MOF‐2 contains a novel ring‐ring connecting chain‐based double layer, as a two‐dimensional MOF. sq‐Cd‐MOF‐2 maintains high porosity via the packing of these layers. More importantly, reversible crystal to crystal transformation between sq‐Cd‐MOF‐2 and its activated state (sq‐Cd‐MOF‐2ac) is observed, triggered by the solvent in the pores. Michael addition reaction of the derivatives of β‐nitrostyrene and acetylacetone demonstrates that sq‐Cd‐MOF‐2 as a heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic capacity and stability. These results are useful for developing research on 2D soft MOFs and their potential application.
Differing animal welfare conceptions and what they mean for the future of zoos and aquariums, insights from an animal welfare audit
Authors: Veasey Jake S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnimal welfare is a growing public concern that has the potential to undermine the social license of zoos and aquariums. The lack of consensus on how animal welfare is defined across such a diverse sector combined with and a widespread belief that commercial priorities such as entertaining visitors conflicts with animal welfare, hinders efforts to effectively address this fundamental issue for the sector. Data derived from an audit of habitats across a major North American wildlife attraction revealed that holistic animal welfare assessments undertaken by animal carers embracing three principal constructs of animal welfare, correlated strongly with visitor perceptions of animal happiness. Visitor assessments of animal happiness also correlated with animal carer assessments of social, behavioural and locomotor opportunities and inversely with the prevalence of stereotypic behaviours, supporting the proposition that folk conceptions of animal welfare are more accurate than may have previously been considered to be the case. However, the holistic animal welfare assessment inversely correlated with assessments of a habitat's capacity to safeguard welfare as determined by the facility's veterinary staff, supporting the proposition that tensions exist between physical and psychological components of captive animal welfare provisioning. This further underlines the importance of clarity on how animal welfare is conceived when developing institutional animal welfare strategies. Finally, the data also showed that both holistic animal welfare assessments and visitor perceptions of animal happiness strongly correlated with the level of enjoyment experienced by visitors, challenging the belief that animal welfare competes with the commercial priorities of zoos and aquariums. The audit supports the case that maintaining high animal welfare is a commercial imperative as well as a moral obligation for zoos and aquariums and underlines the necessity to utilize conceptions of animal welfare that acknowledge the centrality of the affective states of animals in maintaining those standards.