bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postmortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging of In Utero Fetuses and Its Relationship With Postmortem Interval: A Multi‐Organ Observational Study on Reduced Fetuses of Complicated Multiple Pregnancies
Authors: Moradi Behnaz , Habibi Zahra , Badraqe Narges , Rahmani Maryam , Shirazi Mahboobeh , Sharbaf Fatemeh R. , Azadbakht Javid , Farnoosh Amirreza , Parooie Fateme , Miratashi Yazdi Seyedeh N. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundDespite technological advancements in perinatal imaging, autopsy examination is still regarded as the reference standard to determine the time and reason of the fetal death.PurposeThis study was conducted to identify the intrauterine postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMR) findings of fetuses, who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Study TypeProspective.PopulationFifty‐three twin/triplet complicated pregnancies scheduled for selective reduction of one of the fetuses by RFA were included.Field Strength/SequenceThe imaging methods used are T1‐weighted gradient‐echo imaging (T1 GRE), T2 half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (SSTSE), and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequences.AssessmentThe MRIs were interpreted by three radiologists.Statistical TestsData were analyzed using the software package SPSS Statistics Version 22.0. The used tests included one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan tests (significance level: P value <0.05). This analysis was performed with scikit‐learn library (version 1.1.1) in Python version 3.9.ResultsAverage PMMR scores of orbit, brain, and abdomen showed significant differences among different PM interval subgroups. The brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) numbers of reduced and living fetuses were significantly different at any PM interval. To determine which findings are closely associated with the timing of fetal death, five different methods of feature selection were employed. The top eight selected features achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 78.19%.Data ConclusionIn utero, PMMR findings may be associated with the time of fetal death. Among different fetal organs evaluated, particularly PMMR top eight features specifically scores of orbits were associated with PM intrauterine time after death.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
A novel method to study the fragmentation behavior of marine snow aggregates in controlled shear flow
Authors: Song Yixuan , Rau Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe sinking of marine aggregates impacts the global carbon cycle as it is one of the primary sources of carbon export from the surface ocean. Aggregation and fragmentation alter the size of aggregates, which governs their sinking speed. Although aggregation theory is well established, aggregate fragmentation strength and breakup characteristics are less well understood. This study developed a cylindrical tank that formed and then exposed diatom aggregates to calibrated laminar shear through a combined rotating and oscillating motion. The shear rate was predictable using a developed analytical solution for the fluid motion within the tank. Under proper operating conditions, this facility provided fluid shear with a similar magnitude to that in multiple ocean environments. We also developed a unique image processing method that enabled continuous tracking of particles' position, size, and morphology as well as determination of the individual aggregate breakup events. The method has great potential to capture breakup events of large marine snow particles, quantify the aggregate morphological changes leading up to and at breakup, and provide data sufficient for statistical analysis of laboratory aggregate populations. We tested the method using laboratory‐cultured Odontella aurita and captured 79 breakup events of the resulting aggregates. These fragmented aggregates ranged from 1 to 5 mm in major axis length and underwent substantial morphological evolutions prior to the fragmentation.
Stacked deep inferior epigastric perforator with sequential lumbar artery perforator flaps for bilateral breast reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Murota Yumiko , Satake Toshihiko , Tsunoda Yui , Muto Mayu , Koike Tomoyuki , Onoda Satoshi , Maegawa Jiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreast size that can be reconstructed with a single flap is limited in thin patients who need bilateral autologous large‐volume breast reconstruction. We present the case of a 39‐year‐old female with bilateral heterogeneous breast cancer. The patient underwent total mastectomy and radiation therapy on the left side and nipple sparing mastectomy on the right. We planned to use the stacked deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) with sequential lumbar artery perforator (LAP) flaps because the patient's thigh was too thin and she refused using gluteal tissue. The flap was 10 cm wide at the abdomen, 5 cm wide at the waist, and 72 cm long overall. The DIEP and LAP flaps were harvested as one continuous flap and were folded onto each other to create a breast mound. The lumbar artery and vein were anastomosed to the distal stump of the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein (DIEA/V) intraflaps, and then, the proximal stump of the DIEA/V was anastomosed to the internal mammary artery and vein. The LAP flaps were placed deeply, whereas the DIEP flaps were placed superficially. Whole skin was de‐epithelialized on the right side, and skin damaged by radiotherapy was released and replaced with abdominal skin on the left side. The flap survived fully, the shape of the reconstructed breasts was good, and the body line on the donor side was well maintained. We present the stacked DIEP with sequential LAP flaps as one of the options for bilateral breast reconstruction in thin patients with larger breast size.
Bioökonomie: Wie es in China und Japan läuft
Authors: Schmid Rolf , Xiong Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDer europäischen Idee einer biobasierten Wirtschaft aus dem Jahr 2005 folgten um 2020 chinesische und japanische Pläne. Sie betonen die Entwicklung einer eigenen Spitzenforschung über Biowissenschaften und Computing, um ihre alternden Gesellschaften mit Nahrung und Medizin zu versorgen.
Langlebige Chemikalien: Die versteckten Kosten
Authors: Bruch Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPer‐ und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen sind ein Risiko für Hersteller, Nutzer und Kläranlagenbetreiber. Haftpflichtversicherer erwarten in diesem Zusammenhang mehr Untersuchungen, Sanierungen und Behandlungen.
Chemiedidaktik: Desinfektion oder Kontamination
Authors: Czubatinski Lars , Hemm Harald , Hornung Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWird Wasser mit handelsüblichen Ozongeneratoren behandelt, reichert es sich mit Nitrat an. Die Konzentrationen können Schüler:innen mit einem selbstgebauten Photometer leicht nachweisen.
Insufficient sleep and obesity: cause or consequence
Authors: Broussard Josiane L. , Klein Samuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSleep is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved biological process that, when disturbed, increases the risk for a variety of diseases in people, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer. Although results from epidemiological studies support the link between insufficient sleep and an increased risk of obesity, the directionality of this link is unknown. Results from short‐term controlled clinical studies, conducted almost exclusively in people who are normal weight, demonstrate that sleep restriction increases hunger, appetite, energy intake, and body weight. However, the authors are not aware of any studies that have evaluated the effect of more than 3 weeks of experimental sleep restriction on obesity risk factors, and few studies have been conducted in people with preexisting obesity. This Perspective reviews the link between insufficient sleep and obesity risk and the potential therapeutic effects of sleep extension in people with chronic sleep insufficiency.
Aggregation‐induced emission‐active poly (β‐lactam) prepared by Staudinger polymerization as specific probe to Fe3+ ions and its antimicrobial properties
Authors: Meng Xue , Zhang Da , Wang Meng , Zhao Ronghui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Jingyuan , Deng Kuilin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor the nontraditional aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active polymers, the heterocyclic structure on the macromolecular backbone and side chains play a crucial role in its fluorescence generation. In this paper, we facilely prepared a series of poly(β‐lactam) derivatives (PLTM) by Staudinger polymerization. As expected, PLTMs with four‐membered heterocycles along the main‐chain shows a remarkable AIE performance with the fluorescence emission at 520 nm, while no fluorescence was observed for both β‐lactam (repeating unit) and a model polymer for PLTM. The fluorescence properties of PLTMs greatly depend on the intramolecular aggregation of β‐lactam structures, the size of the substituents, and appropriate length of CH2 spacer. In addition, PLTMs can specifically detect Fe3+ ions with a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.2 μM even in the presence of other 13 metal ions. Similar to the biological activity of β‐lactam, AIE‐active PLTMs shows a bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the minimum inhibitory concentration of about 8 and 4 mg/mL. In brief, the preparation and versatility of PLTMs with β‐lactam structure provide useful references for designing other nontraditional AIE‐active polymers as well as for ion detection and antibacterial processes.
The role of creative cognitive reappraisals in positively transforming negative emotions
Authors: Zhang Ze , Meng Jianning , Li Ziyi , Sun Yabing , Li Yue , Luo Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent studies have found the connections between cognitive reappraisals’ creativity and their regulatory efficacy. The present study proposed and tested a novel hypothesis on the function of cognitive reappraisals, especially creative ones. That is, whether they could positively alter negative emotional arousal toward unpleasant stimuli. To this end, two questions were investigated: (a) whether the creative reappraisals were more capable than ordinary ones of transforming the negative stimuli (pictures) to be perceived as positive, and (b) whether these two kinds of reappraisals made the “negative‐to‐positive transformation” through different mechanisms. To answer the first question, we examined the power of the creative and ordinary reappraisals in making the “negative‐to‐positive transformation” using an indirect and delayed “positive‐or‐negative” picture‐sorting task (Exp. 1, n = 41 with a statistical power of 0.877), or using a direct and immediate subjective rating (Exp. 2, n = 31 with a statistical power of 0.768). To answer the second question, we checked how the factor of creativeness (creative vs. ordinary reappraisal) interacted with the factor of “timing” (simultaneous vs. delayed reappraisal delivery, Exp. 1), or with that of “dose” (one vs. three reappraisal applications; Exp. 2), in making the “negative‐to‐positive transformation,” respectively, and examined if the variation of “timing” or “dose” factors would exert different effects on the creative and ordinary reappraisals’ regulatory function. Our results generally proved that creative reappraisal was more capable of making the “negative‐to‐positive transformation” than the ordinary reappraisal, regardless of the direct and indirect emotion evaluation ratings as well as the variations in the timing and dose of reappraisal delivery. Moreover, we found that these two kinds of reappraisals could show dissociable dose‐dependent effects (but not timing‐dependent ones), thus partially implying that creative and ordinary reappraisal might make the “negative‐to‐positive transformation” through fundamentally different processes or mechanisms.
Heading percentage estimation in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) using aerial imagery and deep learning
Authors: Zhao Biquan , Khound Rituraj , Ghimire Deepak , Zhou Yuzhen , Maharjan Bijesh , Santra Dipak K. , Shi Yeyin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), one of the major cultivated millets, serves as a complement to major cereal crops due to its drought tolerance and low input demands. Timing of heading is one of the key agronomic traits associated with its adaptation to a target environment and a major focus in breeding. Conventionally, heading percentage of a plot (genotype) was rated visually by breeders in field. Despite many successful studies reported in automatic head detections in other small grain species, little progress had been made to estimate heading percentage especially when multiple tillers exist. This study aimed to develop a method for automatic proso millet panicle detection and, more importantly, heading percentage estimation using regular red‐green‐blue images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle. Aerial images of two dates were collected at heading stage in 2020 in Scottsbluff, NE. Faster regions with convolutional neural network models were trained to detect and count proso millet panicles in each plot. Then, using a sigmoid model, the number of detected panicles was converted to heading percentage without having the information of stand count and the number of tillers. Overall, the system achieved the highest coefficient of determination of 0.728 for proso millet heading percentage estimation, and an accuracy of 92.4% in determining whether a plot reached a certain threshold of heading (50% in this study). The methods developed in this study on heading percentage estimation can directly aid in decision making in proso millet breeding and can be ultimately incorporated into an automated proso millet high‐throughput phenotyping pipeline.
Elephants, rainbows, flowers and bees: Interdisciplinary research driven by botanic garden collections
Authors: Glover Beverley J. 
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact StatementFrom its beginning in 1846, Cambridge University Botanic Garden was conceived of as a plant science research and teaching facility. It has supported major advances in biology, including understanding of evolution and genetics. It promotes outreach to the public and students, explaining to all the importance of plants for life on Earth. It is part of a global network of botanic gardens and similar institutions dedicated to plant conservation and knowledge exchange. Perhaps most importantly, it celebrates the life‐enhancing beauty of plants in all their diversity.SummaryCambridge University Botanic Garden was established on its current site in 1846 by Charles Darwin's mentor, John Stevens Henslow. Many of Henslow's plantings and herbarium specimens still exist. William Bateson, who was one of the rediscoverers of Mendel's laws of inheritance and who coined the term ‘genetics’, worked at the Garden at the dawn of the last century. The attractive landscape is visited by 330,000 members of the public annually, and as originally intended by Henslow, it is an important resource for botanical teaching and research by the University and its collaborators. The Garden's collection comprises about 8000 plant species, 14,000 accessions, nine national collections and a diverse 2000 tree arboretum. Detailed analyses have revealed that, while most of the accessions are also held by other botanic gardens worldwide, several hundred are unique to Cambridge. As well as studies on fundamental principles of biology, the Garden's collection underpins research on global food security and applications in diverse fields such as engineering. As an example of research exploiting the Garden's range of floral forms, analyses of the visual factors determining the interaction between flowers and pollinating insects are described. Bee foraging behaviour may be altered by experimentally manipulating the structural and developmental bases of petal iridescence. The phylogenetic distribution of petal iridescence is consistent with the trait having evolved independently several times in the angiosperms.
Proteomic and lipidomic biomarkers in the diagnosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease – a review
Authors: Cecerska‐Heryć Elżbieta , Ronkowski Bartosz , Heryć Rafał , Serwin Natalia , Grygorcewicz Bartłomiej , Roszak Marta , Galant Katarzyna , Dołęgowska Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThere is an increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to date, no effective treatment has been developed and the exact etiology of this disease remains unknown. Nevertheless, a growing number of proteomic and lipidomic studies have identified certain proteins and lipids which can be used successfully in patients to improve diagnoses and monitoring of treatment.Experimental DesignWe have focused on the applications of proteins and lipids for IBD diagnostics, including differentiation of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), treatment monitoring, monitoring of clinical state, likelihood of relapse, and their potential for novel targeted treatments.ResultsAnalysis of protein and lipid profiles can: improve the availability and use of diagnostic markers; improve understanding of the pathomechanisms of IBD, for example, several studies have implicated platelet dysfunction (PF4), autoimmune responses (granzyme B, perforin), and abnormal metabolism (arachidonic acid pathways); aid in monitoring patient health; and improve therapeutics (experimental phosphatidylcholine therapy has been shown to result in an improvement in intestinal condition).ConclusionsDespite the enormous progress of proteomics and lipidomics in recent years and the development of new technologies, further research is needed to select some of the most sensitive and specific markers applicable in diagnosing and treating IBD.
Effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on factors related to metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Geng Yaping , Wang Jing , Chen Ke , Li Qianwen , Ping Zhiguang , Xue Ran , Zhang Shenshen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this meta‐analysis is to explore whether the supplement of sea buckthorn affects the factors related to metabolic syndrome. The related RCTs from five databases were systematically searched and comprehensively random effects model was used to calculate SMD and 95% CI. The Cochrane deviation risk tool was used to evaluate the deviation risk. Fifteen studies were involved in the meta‐analysis. First, sea buckthorn supplementation reduced triglycerides [−0.722 (−1.129, −0.316); p < .001], total cholesterol [−0.345 (−0.639, −0.051); p = .021], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [−0.396 (−0.755, −0.037); p = .031], and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol [0.370 (0.056, 0.684); p = .021] in overall subjects. Second, subgroup analysis showed that sea buckthorn supplementation reduced lipids only in people with abnormal lipid metabolism. Third, sea buckthorn had no effect on blood sugar, blood pressure, and BMI of the overall subjects. Sea buckthorn may affect the lipid metabolism in circulation, but it cannot affect blood glucose, blood pressure, and BMI. These indicators are closely associated with metabolic syndrome. This study may contribute to the development and utilization of sea buckthorn, and may provide a new and safer way for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The limitation of this study is high heterogeneity, even if subgroup analysis is used. However, more clinical studies are needed to determine the real effect of sea buckthorn on metabolic syndrome.
Case study: Observing the World Music School Helsinki as a social ecological system to enhance community connectivity and resilience
Authors: Chen Jian , Nousala Susu , Landa Timothee , Aibéo Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe World Music School community is a Non‐Government Organisation (NGO) that teaches music and organises events internationally around dance and music activities. This case study investigates community connectivity and resilience development in the World Music School (WMS) Helsinki community of practice and the Shanghai WMS community of interest. Using a social ecological system approach, the community structures and relationships were explored and supported by the literature. In particular, the research focused on the feedback loops at different levels within each community structure. The WMS core activities are viewed as inclusive and human connectivity enhancers. Focusing on human connectivity, the research investigated the ‘what’ and ‘why’ of the NGO's involvement in building its community structure as it revealed what is essential for community resilience. This research discusses how connections between shocks and disturbances within the community systems were identified and the various outcomes when identifying and approaching acute weakness within the community structures. This case study examines how the WMS communities enhance community resilience across a complex social system starting at the individual level and then extending to physically close environmental relationships. These complex community structures provided a lens to focus on identifying the initial stages for resilient community connectivity. Observing these connections provided a basis for developing a synthesised model based on discussions in previous literature reviews. The processes involved with the model development included the critical roles, impacts and evolution of the World Music School community. This article argues that systemic change can happen when small but fundamental changes are longitudinally obtained through bottom‐up approaches. The WMS communities have displayed the potential to make a difference towards connectivity and subsequent community resilience, beginning with the individual and extending to the overall social ecological system level.