bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SABRes: A tool for in silico detection of drug resistance conferring mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes
Authors: Fong Winkie , Rockett Rebecca , Agius Jessica , Johnson-Mackinnon Jessica , Chandra Shona , Sim Eby , Lam Connie , Arnott Alicia , Gall Mailie , Draper Jenny , Maddocks Susan , Chen Sharon , Kok Jen , Dwyer Dominic , O'Sullivan Matthew , Sintchenko Vitali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The emergence of resistance to antiviral drugs increasingly used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections has been recognised as a significant threat to COVID-19 control. In addition, some SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern appear to be intrinsically resistant to several classes of these antiviral agents. Therefore, there is a critical need for rapid recognition of clinically relevant polymorphisms in SARS-CoV-2 genomes associated with significant reduction of drug activity in virus neutralisation experiments. Here we present SABRes, a bioinformatic tool, which leverages on expanding public datasets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and allows detection of drug resistance mutations in consensus genomes as well as in viral subpopulations. We have applied SABRes to detect resistance-conferring mutations in over 25,000 genomes generated over the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Australia.
LncRNA STAT4-AS1 inhibited TH17 cells differentiation by targeting RORγt protein
Authors: he hanlin , qiu xiangjie , qi mingming , Bajinka Ousman , qin ling , TAN YURONG 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: From our previous study, we obtained long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) STAT4-AS1, which is related to asthma through high-throughput screening. However, we could not determine the specific mechanism involved and in response to this, We further designed this study. Results: First, we found that lncRNA STAT4-AS1 was downregulated in T cells from patients with asthma when compared to healthy controls. Next, we confirmed that lncRNA STAT4-AS1 was significantly negatively correlated with T helper 17 (TH17) differentiation in vitro experiments. The decreases of STAT4-AS1 promoted TH17 differentiation, while the increases of STAT4-AS1 inhibited TH17 differentiation. Subsequently, through RNA pulldown, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual luciferase reporter assay, we found that STAT4-AS1 could inhibit the binding of retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) protein with IL-17A promoter after binding with RORγt protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nuclear-cytoplasmic separation assay showed that STAT4-AS1 is bonded to RORγt in the cytoplasm, preventing RORγt from entering the nucleus. Conclusion: Overall, STAT4-AS1 directly targets RORγt protein, inhibits the mutual binding of RORγt and IL-17 gene promoter, and eventually inhibits TH17 differentiation. To this end, STAT4-AS1 as a potential target may confer applications in the clinical treatment and diagnosis of TH17-related diseases.
Use of second anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease when first agent failed: A South African retrospective study
Authors: Fredericks Ernst , Titus Abigail , Fortuin Suereta , Gabriel Shiraaz , Setshedi Mashiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the bowel. Tumour necrosis factor α - antagonists are safe and effective in the treatment of IBD. Indications and outcomes with consecutive anti-TNF agent, although often used, are not clear. Since data for this treatment choice is scarce, we set out to evaluate the use of consecutive anti-TNF agents in patients with IBD.Method: A national registry established by The South African Gastroenterology Society was used for retrospective data extraction in patients with consecutive anti-TNF agent use. Demographic, clinical details, treatment outcomes and adverse events were documented. Results: Eight-six (7.5%) of 1150 patients received consecutive TNFα-antagonists. There were 41 (48%) patients with Crohn’s disease and 45 (52%) with ulcerative colitis. Gender distribution was equal with 45 (52%) male and 41 (48%) female patients. Patients failed the first anti-TNF over 30 months, but remission rates improved with second agent. Immunomodulator therapy had no effect of anti-TNF discontinuation rates. Adalimumab treatment had higher rate of dose escalation/switching as well as adverse events compared to infliximab. Most patients remained in clinical remission except a few with CD who required surgery.Conclusion: Using a second anti-TNF agent when the first agent failed is often necessary in IBD. Although cost-effective, this strategy lacks clarity. Patient selection is crucial and therapeutic drug monitoring should be central in that decision. Adalimumab is associated with higher rates of dose escalation and a worse side-effect profile. Patients with UC switched earlier compared to CD.
Standardized use of a combined topical preparation in the complex treatment of thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the lower extremities
Authors: Katorkin S. E. , Melnikov M. A. , Kushnarchuk M. Y. , Yarovenko G. V. , Myshentsev P. N. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Treatment of thrombophlebitis should be complex and, along with mandatory compression, include both systemic and local use of drugs.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the standardized use of the combined drug indomethacin/troxerutin in gel in real clinical practice in the treatment of superficial vein thrombophlebitis.Materials and methods. The study included 71 patients with varicose veins complicated by superficial vein thrombophlebitis. In group I patients (n = 35), topical drugs were not used. In group II patients (n = 36), combined drug indomethacin/troxerutin in gel was used daily. The drug was applied to the skin of the lower extremities three times a day, 4–5 cm of gel. Its total daily amount did not exceed 20 cm of gel. The observation period was 10 days. A dynamic scoring of clinical symptoms was performed using a linear analog scale and thermometry of the skin of the lower extremities.Results. On day 10, patients of the main group showed a statistically significant decrease in thermographic parameters in the area of thrombophlebitis: Tmin – 33.23 ± 0.12 °C, Tmax – 39.86 ± 0.24 °C, Tmean – 40.01 ± 0.16 °C (p ≤ 0.05). When assessing the symptoms of thrombophlebitis using a linear analog scale after 10 days of treatment, there was a general decrease in the number of points in the control group to 16.4 ± 0.12 and in the main group to 12.3 ± 0.16 points (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion. Combined drug indomethacin/troxerutin in gel is an effective and safe combined drug for the treatment of patients with thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the lower extremities.
Non surgical therapy for chronic anal fissure
Authors: Abritsova M. V. , Torchua N. R. , Bogdanova E. M. , Markina M. A. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Sphincterotomy is a pathogenetically justified method of surgical treatment of chronic anal fissures with spasm of the sphincter, but the risk of anal incontinence can reach 44%. Therefore, other methods are being sought to eliminate spasm of the sphincter, and the greatest interest is the medical relaxation of the internal sphincter.Aim. To determine the efficacy and limitations of the use combined preparation in the form of a gel of 0.3% nifedipine and 2.0% lidocaine for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.Materials and methods. All patients included in the study were recommended to apply gel 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours on the skin of the anus and inside the anal canal. In total, the results of treatment of 40 patients were analyzed.Results. Before the start of treatment, the average pain during defecation was 5 (4.5; 7), on the third day of treatment – 4 (4; 5), and on the 10th day – 2 (2; 3). By day 10, 80% (32) of patients refused to take painkillers. On day 21, complete epithelialization was observed in 31 (77.5%) patients. The average healing time of anal fissures was 17 ± 3 days. In patients with complete epithelization of anal fissures, according to the results of EMG on the 21st day of therapy, spontaneous wave activity was absent. In 9 patients, despite the reduction of pain, sphincter spasm persisted after therapy and cracks in the anal canal did not heal.Discussion. When analyzing the reasons that led to the ineffectiveness of the use of gel, it was revealed that in all cases, according to ultrasound studies, there were fibrous changes in the internal anal sphincter.Conclusion. Summarizing the above-mentioned, we can state that the use of a fixed-dose combination of 0.3% nifedipine and 2.0% lidocaine is effective for the treatment of chronic anal fissure with sphincter spasm.
Kurpiowszczyzna – dominujące zmiany w krajobrazie pod wpływem czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych w okresie transformacji ustrojowejS
Authors: Starzyk Agnieszka 
Published: May 2022

Kurpiowszczyzna to jeden z ciekawszych regionów etnograficznych, z ośrodkiem oryginalnej, świetnie zachowanej i pieczołowicie kultywowanej kultury ludowej Kurpiów. Obraz wsi kurpiowskiej jest wynikiem wielowiekowych działań człowieka. Na przestrzeni stuleci następowały przekształcenia krajobrazu, oparte na przystosowywaniu środowiska przyrodniczego do uprawy ziemi i stopniowym zakładaniu siedzib ludzkich, które dały obraz współczesny. Tradycyjna kultura ludowa kurpiowskiej grupy etnograficznej oraz wysoka wartość środowiska przyrodniczego były inspiracją do podjęcia badań z zakresu transformacji otwartego krajobrazu osadniczego regionu kurpiowskiego. Celem pracy było zbadanie procesów decydujących o przekształceniach krajobrazu naturalnego i kulturowego Kurpiowszczyzny. Zakres terytorialny pracy obejmuje obszar Kurpiowszczyzny położony między Omulwią i Szkwą, który w XV w. znalazł się w powiecie ostrołęckim i w nim pozostał. Zakres czasowy badania obejmuje okres od pierwszych wzmianek o zasiedlaniu obszaru do czasu przystąpienia Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Przyjęte zostały następujące metody badawcze: analizy bibliograficznej i piśmiennictwa dotyczącego tematu pracy, analizy historycznej obejmującej rozwój osadnictwa na badanym terenie, analizy kartograficznej porównawczej w zakresie osadnictwa i przekształcania krajobrazu, analizy statystycznej w zakresie infrastruktury społecznej i technicznej. W pracy posługiwano się także inwentaryzacją krajobrazową i urbanistyczno-ruralistyczną. Struktura cyklu, zawarta w siedmiu artykułach, obejmuje zagadnienia związane z kształtowaniem i rozwojem osadnictwa na obszarze Kurpiowszczyzny: 1) Kurpiowszczyzna w badaniach naukowych, 2) Kurpiowszczyzna w kulturze ludowej, 3) Kurpiowszczyzna – zarys kształtowania funkcji osadniczo-rolniczych i krajobrazu, 4) Kurpiowszczyzna – charakterystyka krajobrazu osadniczego, 5) Kurpiowszczyzna – dominujące zmiany w krajobrazie pod wpływem czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych w okresie 45-lecia powojennego, 6) Kurpiowszczyzna – dominujące zmiany w krajobrazie pod wpływem czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych w okresie transformacji ustrojowej. Cykl zamyka artykuł dotyczący współczesności: 7) Kurpiowszczyzna – 18 lat od wstąpienia Polski do Unii Europejskiej (publikacja w 2022). Słowa kluczowe: Kurpie, architektura, krajobraz osadniczy, krajobraz przyrodniczy, krajobraz kulturowy
Percepção de parturientes sobre experiência de parto em uma maternidade pública baiana
Authors: Gazar Thalita Nascimento , Cordeiro Gleice de Oliveira , Souza Jackeline Maria de 
Published: May 2022

A assistência ao parto tem passado por muitas transformações. Sintetizadas em protocolos, essas transformações buscam humanizá-la. No entanto, é importante escutar parturientes para compreender se essas mudanças se concretizam na prática da assistência. Nesta pesquisa descritiva, avaliou-se a experiência de parto de parturientes em uma maternidade pública de Feira de Santana, na Bahia. Por meio de um questionário, foram consultadas cinquenta mulheres, entre novembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS, versão 22.0, mediante análises descritivas e inferenciais. Foram considerados os aspectos éticos de pesquisa com seres humanos, conforme o parecer nº 3.656.149. As participantes tinham entre 18 e 41 anos. Nesse grupo, 92% delas eram negras e 74% multíparas. Foi identificado que 94% das participantes se sentiram respeitadas, 88% com a privacidade resguardada e 84% se sentiram seguras. Constatou-se que 88% adotaram posições horizontais para o parto, 56% receberam ocitocina e 24% amamentaram no pós-parto imediato. As médias de satisfação foram altas em relação: à equipe de saúde (M = 9,74; DP = 0,69); ao espaço físico (M = 9,3; DP = 0,99); e à experiência de parto (M = 8,62; DP = 1,93). Características individuais e condutas adotadas pelos profissionais no parto foram fatores influentes para essa avaliação. Em comparação com outros atendimentos realizados em Feira de Santana e na Bahia, constatou-se uma experiência de satisfação acima da média. Experiências como essa sugerem um caminho em que a assistência abandone os procedimentos proscritos e incentive o protagonismo feminino por meio de comunicação efetiva e estimulação à escolha da posição de parto e ao aleitamento precoce.
Techno-economic evaluation of integrated levulinic acid, formic acid, and furfural plant from oil palm empty fruit bunch with pre-treatment variations
Authors: GOZAN Misri A , RAHMAN Denia Apriliani , HARAHAP Andre Fahriz Perdana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLevulinic acid, a platform biochemical, might be utilized as a biodiesel additive in biodiesel production. Global demand for levulinic acids was 3,820 tons in 2020, while the roadmap target of biodiesel in Indonesia will reach 20% of diesel consumption in 2016-2025. These figures become the considerations for establishing the levulinic acid plant in Indonesia. The study's focus analyzed the economic viability of integrated levulinic acid production plant design based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) in Indonesia. OPEFB was selected as raw material due to the enormous solid waste generated by oil palm plantations. In the plant design, software SuperPro Designer 9.0's used as a process tool simulator. The economic analysis showed the Net Present Value (NPV) as the US $ 548,850,764, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 24.75%, and a payback period (PBP) estimated within six years with a Minimum Attractive Rate Return (MARR) of 6.1%. The optimal production capacities of levulinic acid, furfural, and formic acid are 12,425; 15,105 and 6,074 tonnes/year.[Keywords: cellulose, delignification, levulinic acid, OPEFB, simulation] AbstrakAsam levulinat, sebuah platform biokimia, dapat digunakan sebagai aditif biodiesel dalam produksi biodiesel. Permintaan global asam levulinat mencapai 3.820 ton pada 2020, sedangkan roadmap target biodiesel di Indonesia mencapai 20% dari konsumsi solar pada 2016-2025. Angka-angka ini menjadi pertimbangan untuk mendirikan pabrik asam levulinat di Indonesia. Fokus penelitian menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi rancangan pabrik produksi asam levulinat terpadu berbasis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) di Indonesia. TKKS dipilih sebagai bahan baku karena limbah padat yang dihasilkan perkebunan kelapa sawit sangat besar. Dalam perancangan pabrik, software SuperPro Designer 9.0 digunakan sebagai alat simulator proses. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar US$ 548.850.764, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 24,75%, dan payback period (PBP) diperkirakan dalam enam tahun dengan Minimum Attractive Rate Return (MARR) 6,1%. Kapasitas produksi optimal asam levulinat, furfural dan asam format masing-masing adalah 12.425; 15.105 dan 6.074 ton/tahun.[Kata kunci: selulosa, delignifikasi, asam levulinat, TKKS, simulasi]
Longevity of Direct Resin Composite Restorations in Maxillary Anterior Crown Fractures: A 4-year Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Korkut B , Özcan M 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY

Objectives
To investigate the longevity of direct composites for Class IV restorations and the possible reasons of failure.

Methods and Materials
The longevity of 168 Class IV restorations in 50 adult patients was evaluated, in terms of modified United States Public Health Service criteria, for 4 years. Restorations were performed using a monochromatic layered microhybrid, resin-based composite (RBC) (Essentia, Universal Shade, GC Corporation, Japan; n=76) and polychromatic layered micro/nanohybrid (MD and LE shades, Essentia, GC Corporation, Japan; n=92) RBCs, by a single operator.

Results
The majority of the teeth (n=156) remained acceptable at the end of 4 years, and the overall survival (OS) rate was considered as 92.86%. Survival rates for the monochromatic layering technique (MLT) and polychromatic layering technique (PLT) were 90.8% and 94.6%, respectively. Mean survival was 46 months for MLT and 47 months for PLT, indicating no significant difference (p=0.343). Fracture of the restoration was the most common reason for failure (4.2% out of 7.1% of general failures) for both the layering techniques.

Conclusions
Under the conditions of this mid-term clinical study, MLT and PLT as well as microhybrid and nanohybrid resin composite materials, showed similar clinical durability. In terms of simplicity, monochromatic layering can be preferred for Class IV restorations, when the right indication criteria are met.
La necesidad de un Mecanismo de Protección de los Defensores de Derechos Humanos en Paraguay
Authors: Mendieta Maximiliano 
Published: May 2022

El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar la necesidad, por parte del Estado paraguayo, de adoptar un mecanismo legal de protección de defensores de derechos humanos en el marco del seguimiento al Anteproyecto de ley “sobre protección a personas, grupos de personas y comunidades en situación de riesgo como consecuencia del ejercicio de la defensa de los derechos humanos” que se está trabajando en la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de la Cámara de Senadores.
El diseño utilizado es el de investigación documental y el enfoque es cualitativo profundizándose en la reflexión, descripción y análisis de la situación de las vulneraciones de derechos de los defensores de derechos humanos en Paraguay, así como de las recomendaciones y observaciones de los mecanismos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos. Desde este escenario se explican los parámetros y lineamientos que debe contener la regulación legislativa en este contexto.
Lung cancer and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema with anti-ARS antibody
Authors: Tanimura Riho , Nishino Kengo , Iwade Ryosuke , Abe Ryo , Okauchi Shinichiro , Sasatani Yuika , Satoh Hiroaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 59-year-old man who had smoked for 23 pack-years was admitted to our hospital because of two-month history of back pain. The chest computed tomography scan demonstrated combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and an irregular shaped nodule in the left lower lobe of the lung. A biopsy obtained from samples from subcarinal lymph nodes revealed non-small cell lung cancer. Anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibody was elevated up to 166 U/mL, although he had no symptoms suggestive connective tissue diseases. It is well known that most of CPFE patients are current or former heavy smokers, and some researchers described the relationship between CPFE and connective tissue diseases. To our best knowledge, this was the first report of lung cancer in patient with anti-ARS antibody-positive CPFE. In some anti-ARS antibody-positive patients, smoking might have a relationship with development of CPFE and lung cancer.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PENYEBARAN BERITA BOHONG (HOAX) MELALUI MEDIA ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Zadmiko Ted , Maulidiana Lina , Idham Idham 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini berjudul Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Penyebaran Berita Bohong (Hoax) Melalui Media. Latar belakang dari judul penelitian ini adalah kemajuan teknologi informasi yang tidak terkontrol sehingga memunculkan berita bohong (hoax), berita bohong (hoax) diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik Pasal 28 ayat (1) dan (2). Penyebaran berita bohong (hoax) bisa menjadi perbuatan pidana bila unsur– unsur yang ada dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik Pasal 28 ayat (1) dan (2) terpenuhi.
Permasalahan pada penelitain ini adalah bagaimna tindakan Kepolisian menidaklanjuti kasus berita bohong (hoax) dan Bagaimana bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana atas beredarnya konten kabar bohong (hoax) melalui elektronik.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum studsi pustaka. Data penelitian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis Undang – Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik juncto Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik Pasal 45A ayat (1) dan (2).
Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan pertama perbuatan pidana berupa berita bohong (hoax) jika pelaku perbuatan telah memenuhi unsur - unsur yang ada di dalam pasal 28 ayat (1) dan (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik serta jika pelaku memang benar menyebarkan berita bohong di depan umum secara langsung yang mana memang bertentangan dengan kebenaran yang ada, polisi berhak melakukan penyelidikan terhadap perbuatan tersebut. Terkait pertanggungjawaban pidana terdapat di dalam Undang–Undang yang sudah mengatur yaitu UU No. 19/2016 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan pertanggungjawaban secara pribadi kepada masyarakat umum.
Influência da colonização fúngica no comportamento mecânico em compressão de micocompósitos
Authors: De Oliveira Bárbara Ferreira , Silva Nahura Pessanha , Oliveira Michel Picanço , Mussi-Dias Vicente , Freire Maria das Graças Machado 
Published: May 2022

Os compósitos à base de micélio constituem uma nova classe de materiais ambientalmente sustentáveis, obtidos a partir de resíduos lignocelulósicos processados por fungos de degradação branca. Estes compósitos são obtidos por intermédio de fabricação natural de baixa energia, que sequestra carbono, o que representa uma das principais vantagens desse material. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento mecânico em compressão de micocompósitos obtidos por meio da inoculação de diferentes fungos causadores da podridão branca. Como substrato para colonização dos fungos, utilizou-se uma mistura composta por serragem de madeira branca, casca e borra de café e triguilho. Os resultados dos ensaios de compressão, mostraram que a escolha do fungo para a produção de micocompósitos tem efeito sobre as propriedades mecânicas do material. A partir desse resultado, foi realizado o exame da interação micélio-substrato nos corpos de prova miceliados por Pycnoporus sp , utilizando-se a técnica de microscopia confocal. Foi observado o desenvolvimento de hifas no interior do material, sendo que na superfície do micocompósito este crescimento foi mais abundante. Esta pesquisa ecossustentável abre perspectivas para a destinação inteligente de resíduos agroindústrias, contribuindo assim para a diminuição do impacto ambiental em decorrência do acúmulo deles na natureza.