bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PBRM1 Inactivation Promotes Upregulation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in a HIF-Dependent Manner
Authors: Zhou Mi , Leung Janet Y. , Gessner Kathryn H. , Hepperla Austin J. , Simon Jeremy M. , Davis Ian J. , Kim William Y. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is considered an immunotherapy-responsive disease; however, the reasons for this remain unclear. Studies have variably implicated PBRM1 mutations as a predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response, and separate studies demonstrate that expression of human endogenous retroviruses (hERV) might be an important class of tumor-associated antigens. We sought to understand whether specific mutations were associated with hERV expression. Two large, annotated genomic datasets, TCGA KIRC and IMmotion150, were used to correlate mutations and hERV expression. PBRM1 mutations were consistently associated with increased hERV expression in primary tumors. In vitro silencing of PBRM1, HIF1A, and HIF2A followed by RNA sequencing was performed in UMRC2 cells, confirming that PBRM1 regulates hERVs in a HIF1α- and HIF2α-dependent manner and that hERVs of the HERVERI superfamily are enriched in PBRM1-regulated hERVs. Our results uncover a role for PBRM1 in the negative regulation of hERVs in ccRCC. Moreover, the HIF-dependent nature of hERV expression explains the previously reported ccRCC-specific clinical associations of PBRM1-mutant ccRCC with both a good prognosis as well as improved clinical outcomes to ICB.
See related Spotlight by Labaki et al., p. 274.
Climatology of Aerosols over the Caribbean Islands: Aerosol Types, Synoptic Patterns, and Transport
Authors: Rodríguez Vega Albeht , Antuña-Marrero Juan Carlos , Barriopedro David , García-Herrera Ricardo , Revilla Victoria E. Cachorro , Baraja Ángel de Frutos , Antuña-Sánchez Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present a climatological study of aerosols in four representative Caribbean Sea islands that is based on daily mean values of aerosol optical properties for the period 2008–16, using the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE) to classify the dominant aerosol type. A climatological assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution of the main aerosol types, their links with synoptic patterns, and the transport from different sources is provided. Maximum values of AOD occur in the rainy season, coinciding with the minimum in AE and an increased occurrence of dust, whereas the minimum of AOD occurs in the dry season, due to the predominance of marine aerosols. Marine and dust aerosol are more frequent in the easternmost islands and decrease westward because of an increase of continental and mixture dust aerosols. Therefore, the westernmost station displays the most heterogeneous composition of aerosols. Using a weather-type classification, we identify a quantifiable influence of the atmospheric circulation in the distribution of Caribbean aerosols. However, they can occur under relatively weak and/or diverse synoptic patterns, typically involving transient systems and specific configurations of the Azores high that depend on the considered station. Backward trajectories indicate that dry-season marine aerosols and rainy-season dust are transported by air parcels traveling within the tropical easterly winds. The main source region for both types of aerosols is the subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean, except for Cuba, where the largest contributor to dry-season marine aerosols is the subtropical western Atlantic. Different aerosol types follow similar pathways, suggesting a key role of emission sources in determining the spatiotemporal distribution of Caribbean aerosols.
Potential Intensification Rate of Tropical Cyclones in a Simplified Energetically Based Dynamical System Model: An Observational Analysis
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Yuqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In a recent study by Wang et al. that introduced a dynamical efficiency to the intensification potential of a tropical cyclone (TC) system, a simplified energetically based dynamical system (EBDS) model was shown to be able to capture the intensity dependence of TC potential intensification rate (PIR) in both idealized numerical simulations and observations. Although the EBDS model can capture the intensity dependence of TC intensification as in observations, a detailed evaluation has not yet been done. This study provides an evaluation of the EBDS model in reproducing the intensity-dependent feature of the observed TC PIR based on the best track data for TCs over the North Atlantic and central, eastern, and western North Pacific during 1982–2019. Results show that the theoretical PIR estimated by the EBDS model can capture basic features of the observed PIR reasonably well. The TC PIR in the best track data increases with increasing relative TC intensity [intensity normalized by its corresponding maximum potential intensity (MPI)] and reaches a maximum at an intermediate relative intensity around 0.6, and then decreases with increasing relative intensity to zero as the TC approaches its MPI, as in idealized numerical simulations. Results also show that the PIR for a given relative intensity increases with the increasing MPI and thus increasing sea surface temperature, which is also consistent with the theoretical PIR implied by the EBDS model. In addition, future directions to include environmental effects and make the EBDS model applicable to predict intensity change of real TCs are also discussed.
Comparison of Early-Twentieth-Century Arctic Warming and Contemporary Arctic Warming in the Light of Daily and Subdaily Data
Authors: Przybylak R. , Wyszyn´ski P. , Araz´ny A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA review of many studies published since the late 1920s reveals that the main driving mechanisms responsible for the early-twentieth-century Arctic warming (ETCAW) are not fully recognized. The main obstacle seems to be our limited knowledge about the climate of this period and some forcings. A deeper knowledge based on greater spatial and temporal resolution data is needed. The article provides new (or improved) knowledge about surface air temperature (SAT) conditions (including their extreme states) in the Arctic during the ETCAW. Daily and subdaily data have been used (mean daily air temperature, maximum and minimum daily temperature, and diurnal temperature range). These were taken from 10 individual years (selected from the period 1934–50) for six meteorological stations representing parts of five Arctic climatic regions. Standard SAT characteristics were analyzed (monthly, seasonal, and yearly means), as were rarely investigated aspects of SAT characteristics (e.g., number of characteristic days, day-to-day temperature variability, and the onset, end, and duration of thermal seasons). The results were compared with analogical calculations done for data taken from the contemporary Arctic warming (CAW) period (2007–16). The Arctic experienced warming between the ETCAW and the CAW. The magnitude of warming was greatest in the Pacific (2.7°C) and Canadian Arctic (1.9°C) regions. A shortening of winter and lengthening of summer were noted. Furthermore, the climate was also a little more continental (except the Russian Arctic) and less stable (greater day-to-day variability and diurnal temperature range) during the ETCAW than during the CAW.Significance StatementIt is well established that human activity (particularly increased greenhouse gas emissions) is the primary driving mechanism of the recent dramatic warming in the Arctic. However, the causes of a similar warming here in the first half of the twentieth century remain uncertain. The limited knowledge about the climate of that period—which mainly results from the low resolution of data—is a significant obstacle to a definitive determination of the forcing mechanisms. Therefore, the main aim of our paper is to improve our understanding of specific aspects of weather and climate (including extremes) using long-term series of daily and subdaily data that have rarely been applied for this purpose. This new, more comprehensive knowledge about the historical Arctic climate should allow the scientific community (particularly climate modelers) to better validate both climate models and reanalysis products and, consequently, to more precisely identify the causes of the early-twentieth-century Arctic warming.
Extreme Precipitating Events in Satellite and Rain Gauge Products over the Sahel
Authors: Sanogo Sidiki , Peyrillé Philippe , Roehrig Romain , Guichard Françoise , Ouedraogo Ousmane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the recent decades, extreme precipitation events (EPEs) have become more frequent over the Sahel. Their properties, however, have so far received little attention. In this study the spatial distribution, intensity, seasonality, and interannual variability of EPEs are examined, using both a reference dataset based on a high-density rain gauge network over Burkina Faso and 24 precipitation gridded datasets. The gridded datasets are evaluated in depth over Burkina Faso while their commonalities are used to document the EPE properties over the Sahel. EPEs are defined as the occurrence of daily accumulated precipitation exceeding the all-day 99th percentile over a 1° × 1° pixel. Over Burkina Faso, this percentile ranges between 21 and 33 mm day−1. The reference dataset show that EPEs occur in phase with the West African monsoon annual cycle, more frequently during the monsoon core season and during wet years. These results are consistent among the gridded datasets over Burkina Faso but also over the wider Sahel. The gridded datasets exhibit a wide diversity of skills when compared to the Burkinabe reference. The Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Full Data Daily version 1 (GPCC-FDDv1) and the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Gauge Reanalysis version 6.0 (GSMaP-gauge-RNL v6.0) are the only products that properly reproduce all of the EPE features examined in this work. The datasets using a combination of microwave and infrared measurements are prone to overestimate the EPE intensity, while infrared-only products generally underestimate it. Their calibrated versions perform better than their uncalibrated (near-real-time) versions. This study finally emphasizes that the lack of rain gauge data availability over the whole Sahel strongly impedes our ability to gain insights in EPE properties.
Cumulative Racial and Ethnic Disparities Along the School-to-Prison Pipeline
Authors: Welch Kelly , Lehmann Peter S. , Chouhy Cecilia , Chiricos Ted 
Published: January 2022

Using the cumulative disadvantage theoretical framework, the current study explores whether school suspension and expulsion provide an indirect path through which race and ethnicity affect the likelihood of experiencing arrest, any incarceration, and long-term incarceration in adulthood. To address these issues, we use data from Waves I, II, and IV of the Add Health survey (N = 14,484), and we employ generalized multilevel structural equation models and parametric regression methods using counterfactual definitions to estimate direct and indirect pathways. We observe that Black (but not Latinx) individuals are consistently more likely than White persons to experience exclusionary school discipline and criminal justice involvement. However, we find a path through which race and Latinx ethnicity indirectly affect the odds of adulthood arrest and incarceration through school discipline. Disparate exposure to school suspension and expulsion experienced by minority youth contributes to racial and ethnic inequalities in justice system involvement. By examining indirect paths to multiple criminal justice consequences along a continuum of punitiveness, this study shows how discipline amplifies cumulative disadvantage during adulthood for Black and, to a lesser extent, Latinx individuals who are disproportionately funneled through the “school-to-prison pipeline.”
Maternity After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Can the Use of Biological Fertility Indicators Help? Our Own Experience and Literature-based Recommendations
Authors: Castillo Antonio , Huete María Eugenia , Errasti Tania , Pérez de Lema Guillermo 
Published: January 2022

Over the last 5 decades, the fulfillment of maternity wishes in solid organ transplanted women has become a reality. Despite pregnancy contraindication in transplanted women during the early post-transplant period, such a condition can be overcome after 12 months if patients show a good clinical evolution and do not present other general pre-conceptional findings. This article presents the case report of a young female liver transplanted patient that used symptothermal method as a reliable family planning method. After her gestational contraindication was lifted, observation of biological fertility indicators and fertility-guided sexual intercourse helped her fulfill her maternity wish and conceive and carry out a healthy offspring. Based on this case and on the available bibliographic evidence, this paper reviews the potential implications of the use of this kind of approach as a safe and effective alternative to assisted reproduction technology in the management of potential infertility problems in the young female transplanted population, a population which according to literature has higher rates of unsuccessful parenthood and might also be more vulnerable to iatrogenicity of ovarian hyperstimulation process and to multiple pregnancy.
Out of the Closet: Nurse Practitioner Faculty Knowledge, Comfort and Willingness to Incorporate LGBTQ2SA Content into the Curriculum
Authors: Ziegler Erin , Charnish Erin , DeCiantis Natalie 
Published: January 2022

Background To improve the health of LGBTQ2SA individuals, nurse practitioners need to increase their knowledge related to the health needs of sexual and gender minorities. However, nurse practitioners often feel unprepared as a result of a lack of content in their educational training. In order to better understand the current state of nurse practitioner education around sexual and gender minorities, it is critical to assess educational preparedness and faculty knowledge teaching the content. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and experience of nurse practitioner faculty in Ontario around LGBTQ2SA health and their comfort level teaching this material in the nurse practitioner program. Methods This quantitative descriptive study used purposeful sampling to recruit faculty from the Ontario Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner Program. Data was collected using a modified survey administered on the Opinio platform. Results Twenty-three individuals completed the study. Most participants felt that LGBTQ2SA health content was important, but rarely or never taught. The most frequently identified strategies to promote faculty readiness to integration of LGBTQ2SA health topics into the curriculum included faculty development seminars, reviewing curriculum to identify gaps and partnering and utilizing LGBTQ2SA specific agencies as clinical sites. Conclusions Results indicate that barriers exist at the faculty level which may limit the extent to which LGBTQ2SA health topics are incorporated into the curriculum. Supporting faculty to develop their knowledge and comfort with this topic will allow them to better educate students to care for LGBTQ2SA clients.
Associations of Atrial Fibrillation Patterns With Mortality and Cardiovascular Events: Implications of the MISOAC-AF Trial
Authors: Baroutidou Amalia , Kartas Anastasios , Samaras Athanasios , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Vrana Eleni , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Akrivos Evangelos , Papanastasiou Anastasios , Vouloagkas Ioannis , Botis Michail , Liampas Evangelos , Karagiannidis Artemios G. , Karagiannidis Efstratios , Efthimiadis Georgios , Karvounis Haralambos , Tzikas Apostolos , Giannakoulas George 
Published: January 2022

Aim: This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of the distinct atrial fibrillation (AF) temporal patterns: first diagnosed, paroxysmal, and persistent or permanent AF. Methods: In this post hoc analysis of the MISOAC-AF trial (NCT02941978), a total of 1052 patients with AF (median age 76 years), discharged from the cardiology ward between 2015 and 2018, were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analyses were performed to compare the primary outcome of all-cause mortality, the secondary outcomes of stroke, major bleeding and the composite outcome of cardiovascular (CV) mortality or hospitalization among AF patterns. Results: Of patients, 121 (11.2%) had first diagnosed, 356 (33%) paroxysmal, and 575 (53.2%) persistent or permanent AF. During a median follow-up of 31 months (interquartile range 10 to 52 months), 37.3% of patients died. Compared with paroxysmal AF, patients with persistent or permanent AF had higher mortality rates (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.74, P = .009), but similar CV mortality or hospitalization rates (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.31, P = .35). Compared with first diagnosed AF, patients with persistent or permanent AF had similar mortality (aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.87-1.82, P = .24), but higher CV mortality or hospitalization rates (aHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.8, P = .04). Stroke and major bleeding events did not differ across AF patterns (all P > .05). Conclusions: In conclusion, in recently hospitalized patients with comorbid AF, the presence of persistent or permanent AF was associated with a higher incidence of mortality and morbidity compared with paroxysmal and first diagnosed AF.
The emergence of b-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) targeting immunotherapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Davis James A. , Shockley Abigail , Hashmi Hamza 
Published: January 2022

Objective Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell neoplasm is the second most common hematological malignancy in the United States. Despite significant advances in treatment armamentarium over the last decade, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is an antigen expressed on the surface on plasma cells that can be targeted by novel mechanisms of action including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific T-cell engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. This review summarizes the clinical application and development of approved and investigational immunotherapies targeting BCMA. Data Sources A search of the PubMed database was conducted using the following search terms: BCMA, CAR T, myeloma, belantamab mafodotin, and bispecific. Ongoing clinical trials, as well as abstracts from ASH and ASCO evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel agents targeting BCMA were evaluated. Prescribing information was also reviewed. Data Summary Since the discovery of BCMA as a target for myeloma, researchers have developed antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR T-cell therapies as novel treatment modalities for myeloma patients. Belantamab mafodotin and idecabtagene vicleucel represent currently available therapies and ongoing trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of bispecifics and other BCMA targeting therapies. Conclusion BCMA targeting antibody drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR T-cell therapies have demonstrated clinical activity in myeloma patients and represent novel therapies in multiple myeloma treatment paradigm.
Severe Generalized Weakness, Paraplegia following administration of Oxaliplatin in a patient with refractory T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Zarei B. , Moeini Nodeh M. , Arasteh O. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound that used extensively for the treatment of various types of cancer especially gastrointestinal neoplasms. The main dose-limiting toxicities of oxaliplatin are hematological toxicity and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Case report A 42-year-old man with refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) was admitted to receive GEMOX chemotherapy regimen (gemcitabine, oxaliplatin). Three days after receiving his third cycle of chemotherapy regimen, he was re-admitted to the emergency department with complaint of severe generalized weakness, and paraplegia in the lower extremities. According to clinical and para-clinical findings, chronic sensorimotor polyneuropathy with ongoing axonal loss was confirmed. Management & Outcome Intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg three times daily was started at the time of admission for the patient. Muscle weakness and sensory impairment improved dramatically within 10 days and the patient was able to walk with assistance. Discussion Several cases of neuropathy following oxaliplatin and only one case with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy regimen have been previously reported. However, motor symptoms are rare unless in the setting of acute neuropathy due to oxaliplatin. The most striking finding of our study was the incidence of a chronic sensorimotor axonaldemyelinating polyneuropathy in a patient who were subjected to oxaliplatin therapy. In conclusion, we report a case of severe generalized weakness and paraplegia following administration of Oxaliplatin.
Visual field changes in glaucoma patients after blepharoptosis surgery
Authors: Taniguchi Aya , Yunoki Tatsuya , Otsuka Mitsuya , Hayashi Atsushi 
Published: January 2022

Purpose To examine changes in parameters of the visual field test before and after blepharoptosis surgery in patients with glaucoma. Methods Twenty-three eyes of 14 glaucoma patients who underwent blepharoptosis surgery at Toyama University Hospital between July 2015 and September 2020 were included in this study. Pre- and post-operative values for the mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and total deviation (TD) of the upper or lower hemi-visual field in the Humphrey visual field test, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and margin reflex distance (MRD)-1 were compared. Results MRD-1 showed a significant improvement after blepharoptosis surgery (preoperative MRD-1: 1.0 ± 0.82 mm, postoperative MRD-1: 3.26 ± 0.66 mm, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in BCVA, IOP, MD and PSD values before and after surgery. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement in the superior TD (preoperative: −11.29 ± 6.57 dB, postoperative: −9.88 ± 7.31 dB, p = 0.044) although no significant difference was detected in the inferior TD postoperatively. The preoperative parameters of 2 groups (improvement and non-improvement groups of postoperative superior TD) were compared. Preoperative MD and superior TD were significantly lower in the improvement group (p = 0.03, p = 0.004, respectively), although there was no significant difference in preoperative PSD and inferior TD between the two groups. Conclusion In glaucoma patients, blepharoptosis may interfere with accurate visual field assessment, especially of superior TD.