Profil deskriptif pasien reaksi anafilaksis Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah periode 2018-2021
Authors: I Gede Aswin Arinata  , Suardamana I Ketut 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The clinical degree of allergic reactions is divided into acute hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic reactions, and anaphylactic shock. Systemic anaphylactic reaction is a rare condition with a prevalence of around 1.6-5.1%. Clinical manifestations involved in anaphylactic reactions include skin and mucosal symptoms, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, digestive system. The purpose of this study was to determine the descriptive profile of patients with anaphylactic reactions at the Sanglah Central General Hospital for the period 2018 to 2021.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive study design. Data were obtained secondary through medical records recorded at the Allergy and Immunology Division of Internal Medicine at Sanglah Hospital. Data analysis was done descriptively.
Results: In this study, 115 samples were obtained. The mean age in this study was 39.0±15.6. The sample consisted of 41 men (35.7%) and 74 women (64.3%). The most common allergens that cause anaphylactic reactions are drugs (53%) and food (22.6%). Based on clinical manifestations, the most experienced by patients were skin and mucosal symptoms (97.4%), respiratory system symptoms (86.1%), cardiovascular system symptoms (50.4%), and digestive system symptoms (23.5%). Patients who experienced anaphylactic shock 51 patients (44.3%).
Conclusion: Anaphylactic reactions experienced mostly by women. The most common allergens are drugs. Meanwhile, in terms of the severity of patients experiencing anaphylactic shock, almost half of the cases of anaphylactic reactions.

Pendahuluan: Derajat klinis dari reaksi alergi dibedakan menjadi reaksi hipersensitivitas akut, reaksi anafilaksis, dan syok anafilaksis. Reaksi anafilaksis sistemik merupakan kondisi yang jarang dijumpai dengan prevalensi sekitar 1,6-5,1%. Manifestasi klinis yang terlibat dalam reaksi anafilaksis meliputi gejala kulit dan mukosa, sistem pernafasan, sistem kardiovaskular, sistem pencernaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil deskriptif pasien reaksi anafilaksis di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah periode 2018 hingga 2021.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi deskriptif potong lintang. Data diperoleh secara sekunder melalui rekam medis yang tercatat di Bagian Alergi dan Imunologi Penyakit Dalam RSUP Sanglah. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif.
Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 115 sampel. Rerata usia pada penelitian ini yaitu 39,0±15,6. Sampel terdiri dari laki-laki 41 (35,7%) dan perempuan 74 (64,3%). Alergen penyebab reaksi anafilaksis terbanyak didapatkan dari obat (53%) dan makanan (22,6%). Berdasarkan manifestasi klinis yang terbanyak dialami pasien adalah gejala kulit dan mukosa sebanyak 97,4%, gejala sistem pernapasan sebanyak 86,1%, gejala sistem kardiovaskular sebanyak 50,4%, dan gejala sistem pencernaan sebanyak 23,5%. Pasien yang mengalami syok anafilaksis 51 pasien (44,3%).
Simpulan: Reaksi Anafilaksis dialami sebagian besar oleh perempuan. Alergen terbanyak adalah obat-obatan. Sedangkan dari sisi derajat keparahan pasien yang mengalami syok anafilaksis hampir setengah dari kasus reaksi anafilaksis.