bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transcatheter aortic valve implantation: an assessment of the generalizability of the economic evidences following a systematic review
Authors: Ruggeri Matteo , Donatella Mandolini , Federica Campisi , Salvatore Danese , Costanza Santori , Marta Chiappetta , Paolo Roazzi , Marco Marchetti 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Scientific literature debates on the economic affordability of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in order to give a useful support to decision makers aiming at establishing a reimbursement scheme for TAVI. For this reason, it is important to assess the quality and the generalizability of the existing economic evidences.

Methods
The first step was to run a literature search according to a predefined population, intervention, comparator, and outcome on the cost and effectiveness of the TAVI procedure in comparison to medical therapy and traditional surgery. Second, a manual search was carried out on the Web sites of the main HTA agencies. Third, the checklist developed by Augustovski et al. was applied in order to assess the quality and the generalizability of the articles resulting from the selection process.

Results
Overall, 106 articles were obtained. Of these, sixty-five articles were excluded since the title was not consistent with the objective. Further selection took place after abstract and full-text reading. In the end, thirty-one documents were included for the review. According to the checklist, none of the articles was considered generalizable and only one was considered transferable which compares the TAVI procedure with Medical Management in inoperable patients.

Conclusions
Despite the overall quality of the selected studies was considered good, there is still a lack of evidence on whether evidences generated in different contexts can be considered generalizable. Further research on resource consumption and preferences is needed in order to provide decision makers with more robust evidences.
Early Dialogues for Pharmaceutical Products in European Network for Health Technology Assessment Joint Action 3: What Was Done and Where to Go in the Future
Authors: Galbraith Margaret , Guilhaume Chantal , Bélorgey Chantal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this article is to describe the process, results, and experiences of European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) Joint Action 3’s (JA3) Early Dialogue (ED) activities and to highlight opportunities for improving the processes.

Methods
A descriptive analysis of the steps of the EUnetHTA ED process and evaluation of the data from the EDs conducted by EU health technology assessment (HTA) bodies, published guidelines, and documents, as well as internal statistics.

Results
In JA3, an Early Dialogues Working Party (EDWP) was established, responsible for developing and improving processes and providing advice to pharmaceutical companies, supported by the ED Secretariat. From June 2017 to May 2021, 113 requests for pharmaceutical EDs were received and 38 conducted. The process was continuously optimized, and different approaches for involving patients were tested. Finally, a centralized procedure was chosen with the key documents produced by two responsible agencies and reviewed by the EDWP. Patient involvement was primarily done by interviewing a national patient representative to obtain general feedback on the disease and the planned study design.

Conclusions
During JA3, EDs were established as an efficient, successful product. Pharmaceutical companies benefited not only from the positions of the individual agencies for the national HTA, but also from the recommendations that were common to all HTA authorities. In addition, regarding the European HTA Regulation, it will be important to conduct Joint Scientific Consultations with a view toward future Joint Clinical Assessments and to further develop processes aligned with the high demand for consultation.
Produced, but not ‘productive’: Mandarin-speaking pre-schoolers’ challenges acquiring L2 English plural morphology
Authors: XU RATTANASONE Nan , DEMUTH Katherine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is often assumed that pre-schoolers learn a second language (L2) with ease, even for structures that are absent in their L1, such as Mandarin-speaking pre-schoolers learning L2 English grammatical inflections (e.g., ducks, horses). However, while the results from Study 1 showed that such learners can imitate plural words (age = 3;5, N = 20), Studies 2 and 3 showed that they cannot yet generate or comprehend plural morphology (Study 2: age = 4;8, N = 20; Study 3: age = 4;1, N = 20), raising questions about when this is achieved. These findings have important implications for school readiness, as well as for identifying those at risk of developmental language disorders.
A 17-year-old boy with chest pain and transient ventricular wall thickening
Authors: Dakik Habib A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe the case of a 17-year-old boy who developed acute myopericarditis associated with transient ventricular wall thickening. This is a unique teaching case illustrating that acute myocarditis can be associated with significant oedema, secondary to inflammation, causing marked wall thickening that is apparent on echocardiography. This oedema resolves completely with anti-inflammatory drug treatment.
Prolonged QT and Torsades de Pointes in a child with late-onset post-operative complete heart block
Authors: Sisko Sezen Gulumser , Caran Bahar , Kafali Hasan C. , Ergul Yakup 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA young child presented with syncope attacks. Late-onset post-operative complete atrioventricular block and Torsades de Pointes were diagnosed. She was treated with surgical epicardial pacemaker implantation. This report is the description of Torsades de Pointes due to late-onset post-operative complete atrioventricular block followed by R on T phenomenon in a child.
Reactive Answer Set Programming
Authors: BRODA KRYSIA , SADRI FARIBA , BUTLER STEPHEN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLogic Production System (LPS) is a logic-based framework for modelling reactive behaviour. Based on abductive logic programming, it combines reactive rules with logic programs, a database and a causal theory that specifies transitions between the states of the database. This paper proposes a systematic mapping of the Kernel of this framework (called KELPS) into an answer set program (ASP). For this purpose a new variant of KELPS with finite models, calledn-distance KELPS, is introduced. A formal definition of the mapping from thisn-distance KELPS to ASP is given and proven sound and complete. The Answer Set Programming paradigm allows to capture additional behaviours to the basic reactivity of KELPS, in particular proactive, pre-emptive and prospective behaviours. These are all discussed and illustrated with examples. Then a hybrid framework is proposed that integrates KELPS and ASP, allowing to combine the strengths of both paradigms.
Cultural factors affecting Chinese migrants’ perceptions and responses to cancer pain and its pharmacological management: A convergent mixed-method study
Authors: Xu Xiangfeng , Luckett Tim , Lovell Melanie , Phillips Jane L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionStudies identified barriers of pain reporting and use of analgesics impeding Chinese cancer patients to achieve optimal pain relief. No research has yet explored these issues in Chinese migrants, where cultural differences may exacerbate the barriers.ObjectivesTo explore cultural factors influencing Chinese migrants’ perspectives to cancer pain and its pharmacological management.MethodInformed by Leininger's Cultural Care Theory, focus groups and a short version of Barrier Questionnaire-Taiwan (S-BQT) were conducted in Mandarin or Cantonese, with 24 Chinese migrants receiving ambulatory cancer and/or palliative care services in Sydney, Australia. Integrated thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, and meta-inference were adopted for data analysis and integration.ResultsParticipants suffered uncontrolled cancer pain negatively affecting their physical and psychosocial well-being. Most experienced moderate to severe pain, but only a third used opioids. Most adopted non-pharmacological approaches and half used Traditional Chinese Medicine. Participants scored a mean S-BQT of 3.28 (standard deviation ± 0.89). Three themes and seven sub-themes contributed to higher barriers of pharmacological pain management: (1) Philosophical health beliefs (cancer pain are self-provoked and body can self-heal); (2) Cultural values and beliefs (cancer pain is inevitable, and Chinese people express pain differently to local people); and (3) Conflicting views on the use of opioids (culture-related negative medication beliefs, Western biomedical model-related opioid fears, and opioids extend life for people with terminal cancer pain).ConclusionsChinese migrants’ responses to cancer pain and attitudes towards opioids are complex. Culturally congruent strategies are needed to overcome culture-related barriers and improve quality of cancer pain care in this population.
Maternal intake of fructose or artificial sweetener during pregnancy and lactation has persistent effects on metabolic and reproductive health of dams post-weaning
Authors: Bridge-Comer Pania E. , Vickers Mark H. , Morton-Jones Jacob , Spada Ana , Rong Jing , Reynolds Clare M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs rates of obesity, diabetes, and related comorbidities have increased, the consumption of artificial sweeteners (ASs) as sugar substitutes has also risen in popularity as they are perceived as a healthier alternative to sugar sweetened products. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of AS intake on metabolic and reproductive health. Glucose intolerance during pregnancy due to intake of sugar sweetened foods can result in an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes post-pregnancy. However, limited information exists on the impact of AS intake during pregnancy and lactation on the mother’s health in later life. We hypothesised both AS and fructose would impair metabolic health post-partum (PP) following maternal consumption during pregnancy and lactation. Female C57Bl/6 mice received a standard control diet ad libitum with either water (CD), fructose (Fr; 34.7 mm intake), or AS (AS;12.5 mm Acesulfame-K) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, AS and Fr dams were fed the CD diet for the remainder of the experiment. Oral glucose tolerance tests were undertaken 8 weeks PP and dams were humanely killed at 9 weeks PP, with adipose tissue and ovaries collected for analysis. Experimental diets did not influence maternal bodyweight. At 8 weeks PP, increased glucose intolerance was evident in both AS and Fr dams. Adipocyte size was significantly increased in both the AS and Fr groups PP. Further, in the ovary, AS increased expression of genes associated with follicular development and ovulation. Therefore, ASs may not represent beneficial substitutes to fructose during pregnancy, with the potential to increase the risk of T2DM in later life in mothers.
“You’re Not from around Here”: Regional Naming and Life Outcomes
Authors: Beaudin Alex , Kristian Elizabeth , Warren John Robert , Helgertz Jonas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine the socioeconomic consequences of discrimination against people of Southern origins during the US Great Migration of the first half of the twentieth century. We ask whether people living in the American North and Midwest in 1940 fared worse with respect to education, occupation, and income if they were perceived to be of Southern origins. We also assess variation in these effects across racial groups and across actual region of origin groups. Using linked data from the 1920 and 1940 US censuses, we compare the life outcomes of about half a million pairs of brothers who differed with respect to the regional origin implied by their first names. For both Whites and Blacks, we find statistically significant associations between outcomes and the regional origin implied by names; regardless of where they were born, men living in the North or Midwest in 1940 did worse if their names implied Southern origins. However, these associations are entirely confounded by family-specific cultural, socioeconomic, and other factors that shaped both family naming practices and life outcomes. This finding—that regional discrimination in the early-twentieth-century United States did not happen based on names—contrasts sharply with findings from research in more recent years that uses names as proxies for people’s risk of exposure to various forms of discrimination. Whereas names are a basis for discrimination in modern times, they were not a basis for regional discrimination in an era in which people had more immediate and direct evidence about regional origins.
Non‐Gaussian Detection Using Machine Learning With Data Assimilation Applications
Authors: Goodliff Michael R. , Fletcher Steven J. , Kliewer Anton J. , Jones Andrew S. , Forsythe John M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn most data assimilation and numerical weather prediction systems, the Gaussian assumption is prevalent for the behavior of the random variables/errors that are involved. At the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere theory has been developed for different forms of variational data assimilation schemes that enables the Gaussian assumption to be relaxed. For certain variable types, a lognormally distributed random variable can be combined in a mixed Gaussian‐lognormal distribution to better capture the interactions of the errors of different distributions. However, assuming that a distribution can change in time, then developing techniques to know when to switch between different versions of the data assimilation schemes becomes very important. By dynamically changing the formulation of the data assimilation system we are able to assimilate observations in a way that reflects the flow‐dependent variability of their distribution.In this paper, we present results with a machine learning technique (the support vector machine) to switch between data assimilation methods based on the detection of a change in the Lorenz 1963 model's z component's probability distribution. Given the machine learning technique's detection/prediction of a change in the distribution, then either a Gaussian or a mixed Gaussian‐lognormal 3DVar based cost function is used to minimize the errors in this period of time. It is shown that switching from a Gaussian 3DVar to a lognormal 3DVar at lognormally distributed parts of the attractor improves the data assimilation analysis error compared to using one distribution type for the entire attractor.
Standing Alfvén Waves Within Equatorial Plasma Bubbles
Authors: Ghadjari Hossein , Knudsen David , Skone Susan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlasma depletions in the disturbed equatorial ionosphere are known to be associated with magnetic fluctuations and Alfvén waves. Here, using data from the Swarm B satellite's vector field magnetometer and electric fields instrument at an altitude of ∼500 km, we present evidence of standing Alfvén modes trapped within strong density depletions. Fourier transforms of electric (δE) and magnetic (δB) perturbations reveal harmonic structure with anticorrelated peaks and relative phase shifts approaching ±90°, in agreement with a simple model of standing waves sampled from a moving spacecraft. The mode frequencies allow us to estimate the field‐aligned length of the bubbles, which we find to be in the range of 110–200 km. This value is much smaller than the overall field line length mapped to the two E‐region footprints, indicating that the waves we observe do not couple to the lower ionosphere.
MAVEN Observations of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability Developing at the Ionopause of Mars
Authors: Wang Xing , Xu Xiaojun , Ye Yudong , Wang Jing , Wang Ming , Zhou Zilu , Chang Qing , Xu Qi , Xu Jiaying , Luo Lei , He Peishan , Cheng Shaoguan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN measurements, we observed a wave train of vortices in different developing phases of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) instability at the ionopause above the Martian northern hemisphere during 09:35:00–09:55:00 Universal Time on 24 March 2017. Based on the sawtooth‐like oscillations in the magnetic fields associated with the quasi‐periodic fluctuations in the ion densities, velocities, and total pressure, we identified three fully and two partially developed vortices. The wavelength of the K‐H waves is ∼2 Martian radii and the period is ∼2 min. The magnetic topologies associated with the vortices are observed to change from draped in the magnetosheath to open in the transition region and finally to closed approaching the ionosphere. Significant ion loss caused by the K‐H instability is observed. The total oxygen loss rate is estimated to be ∼1025 s−1, which is comparable to the global ion loss as previously estimated.
Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Nigeria: results from a country-wide survey
Authors: Adeke Azuka S. , Chori Babangida S. , Neupane Dinesh , Sharman James E. , Odili Augustine N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the rising prevalence of hypertension, especially in Africa, understanding the dynamics of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors is key in managing hypertension. To address existing gaps in evidence of these factors, this study was carried out. A cross-sectional survey using a modified WHO STEPS questionnaire was conducted among 3782 adult Nigerians selected from an urban and a rural community in one state in each of the six Nigerian regions. Among participants, 56.3% were women, 65.8% were married, 52.5% resided in rural areas, and 33.9% had tertiary education. Mean ages (SD) were 53.1 ± 13.6 years and 39.2 ± 15.0 years among hypertensive persons and their normotensive counterparts respectively. On lifestyle, 30.7% had low physical activity, 4.1% consumed tobacco currently, and 35.4% consumed alcohol currently. In comparison to unmarried status, being married (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.41–2.50) or widowed (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05–2.36) was significantly associated with hypertension, compared with never married. Compared with no formal education, primary (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.12–1.85), secondary (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–1.81), and tertiary education (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.57–2.60) were associated with hypertension. Low physical activity (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.42), alcohol consumption, (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37), and unemployment status (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.07–1.88) were also associated with hypertension. Our study indicates an association of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors with hypertension, hence, there is a need for counselling, health education and policy formulation and implementation targeting these factors to prevent and control hypertension.
Light people: Professor Perry Shum spoke about fiber-enabled industries
Authors: Dong Yongkang , Guo Chenzi 
Published: March 2022

EditorialFiber technologies have fundamentally reshaped the way we see, the way we sense, the way we communicate, and the way we live. They were so well developed that in some industries such as telecommunication, they were even taken for granted. For that, Light: Science & Applications invited Professor Perry Shum, a pioneer in fiber technologies and their industrialization, to speak about what chances fiber technologies can bring to industries.
Transcriptome and chromatin alterations in social fear indicate association of MEG3 with successful extinction of fear
Authors: Royer Melanie , Pai Balagopal , Menon Rohit , Bludau Anna , Gryksa Katharina , Perry Rotem Ben-Tov , Ulitsky Igor , Meister Gunter , Neumann Inga D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder is characterized by a persistent fear and avoidance of social situations, but available treatment options are rather unspecific. Using an established mouse social fear conditioning (SFC) paradigm, we profiled gene expression and chromatin alterations after the acquisition and extinction of social fear within the septum, a brain region important for social fear and social behaviors. Here, we particularly focused on the successful versus unsuccessful outcome of social fear extinction training, which corresponds to treatment responsive versus resistant patients in the clinics. Validation of coding and non-coding RNAs revealed specific isoforms of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Meg3 regulated, depending on the success of social fear extinction. Moreover, PI3K/AKT was differentially activated with extinction success in SFC-mice. In vivo knockdown of specific Meg3 isoforms increased baseline activity of PI3K/AKT signaling, and mildly delayed social fear extinction. Using ATAC-Seq and CUT&RUN, we found alterations in the chromatin structure of specific genes, which might be direct targets of lncRNA Meg3.
T cells expressing CD5/CD7 bispecific chimeric antigen receptors with fully human heavy-chain-only domains mitigate tumor antigen escape
Authors: Dai Zhenyu , Mu Wei , Zhao Ya , Cheng Jiali , Lin Haolong , Ouyang Kedong , Jia Xiangyin , Liu Jianwei , Wei Qiaoe , Wang Meng , Liu Chaohong , Tan Taochao , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBispecific chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have shown promising results in clinical trials for advanced B-cell malignancies. However, it is challenging to broaden the success of bispecific CAR-T therapies to treat refractory/relapse (r/r) T-cell leukemia/lymphoma because targeting multiple T-cell-expressing antigens leads to exacerbated CAR-T cell fratricide and potential safety concerns. Fully human heavy chain variable (FHVH) antibodies that specifically target CD5 or CD7 were screened and constructed to CD5/CD7 bispecific CARs. A truncated Epidermal growth factor receptor were integrated into CAR constructs to address safety concerns. To tackle the fratricidal issue of CAR-T cells targeting T-cell-pan marker(s), CRISPR/Cas9-based CD5 and CD7 genes knockout were performed before lentiviral transduction of bispecific CARs. Functional comparison between different bispecific CAR structures: tandem CARs and dual CAR were performed in vitro and in vivo to determine the optimal construct suitable for addressing T-cell malignancy antigen escape in clinical setting. Knockout of CD5 and CD7 prevents fratricide of CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells, and FHVH-derived CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells demonstrate potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The fratricide-resistant FHVH-derived CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells have potent antitumor activity against T-cell malignancies, and tandem CARs are more effective than dual CAR in preventing tumor escape in heterogeneous leukemic cells. The meaningful clinical efficacy and safety of tandem CD5/CD7 CAR-T cells deserve to be explored urgently.