bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphoregulation of the transcription factor Mxr1 plays a crucial role in the concentration‐regulated methanol induction in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Ohsawa Shin , Ito Shinji , Yurimoto Hiroya , Sakai Yasuyoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMethylotrophic yeasts can utilize methanol as the sole carbon and energy source, and the expression of their methanol‐induced genes is regulated based on the environmental methanol concentration. Our understanding of the function of transcription factors and Wsc family of proteins in methanol‐induced gene expression and methanol sensing is expanding, but the methanol signal transduction mechanism remains undetermined. Our study has revealed that the transcription factor KpMxr1 is involved in the concentration‐regulated methanol induction (CRMI) in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) and that the phosphorylation state of KpMxr1 changes based on methanol concentration. We identified the functional regions of KpMxr1 and determined its multiple phosphorylation sites. Non‐phosphorylatable substitution mutations of these newly identified phosphorylated threonine and serine residues resulted in significant defects in CRMI. We revealed that KpMxr1 receives the methanol signal from Wsc family proteins via KpPkc1 independent of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and speculate that the activity of KpPkc1 influences KpMxr1 phosphorylation state. We propose that the CRMI pathway from Wsc to KpMxr1 diverges from KpPkc1 and that phosphoregulation of KpMxr1 plays a crucial role in CRMI.
Association between distinct body mass index trajectories according to the group‐based trajectory modeling and the risk of incident diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Kan Yinshi , Liu Lin , Li Xiangning , Pang Juan , Bi Yaxin , Zhang Lu , Zhang Ning , Yuan Yuan , Gong Weijuan , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2022

SummaryWe aimed to determine the association between distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories, using group‐based trajectory modeling, and the subsequent risk of incident diabetes. Five databases were systematically searched. Fourteen population‐based cohort studies that summarized the association between different BMI trajectories and subsequent diabetes, with the four most common BMI trajectories including the “stable,” “increasing,” “decreasing,” and “turning” groups, were included. The rapid increase and stable high‐level BMI groups showed the strongest association with the subsequent risk of diabetes compared with the stable normal BMI group. Increased baseline BMI levels resulted in a steeper slope and greater risk of subsequent diabetes. In the decreasing BMI group, one study reported that those aged >50 years showed the highest incidence of subsequent diabetes, whereas the other two studies reported no association between these two variables. In the turning group, an increase followed by a decrease in BMI levels from adolescence to late adulthood could reduce the risk of developing diabetes, although the residual risk remained. By contrast, the incidence of subsequent diabetes remained high in the middle‐aged BMI‐turning group. This study can provide further insights for identifying populations at high risk of diabetes and for developing targeted prevention strategies.
Newspaper media framing of obesity during pregnancy in the UK: A review and framework synthesis
Authors: Heslehurst Nicola , Evans Elizabeth H. , Incollingo Rodriguez Angela C. , Nagpal Taniya S. , Visram Shelina 
Published: October 2022

SummaryTwo thirds of women report experiencing weight stigma during pregnancy. Newspaper media is powerful in framing health issues. This review synthesized UK newspaper media portrayal of maternal obesity. NexisUni was searched to identify newspaper articles, published January 2010 to May 2021, reporting content on obesity during pregnancy. Framework synthesis integrated quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of articles. There were 442 articles included (59% tabloids and 41% broadsheets). Three overarching themes with interacting sub‐themes were as follows: (1) Women were blamed for their weight, risks, and NHS impact. (2) Women were solely responsible for solving obesity, gendered from school age. (3) Women with obesity were a burden on individuals (e.g., themselves, their children, and health professionals), to society, and the NHS. Catastrophizing language framed the “problem,” “scale,” and “public health concern” of maternal obesity, emphasizing risk, and danger and was alarmist, aggressive, and violent as to elicit fear or devalue women. Articles platformed ‘expert’ voices rather than women's lived experiences. This review identified that UK newspaper media negatively frames and oversimplifies the topic of maternal obesity. Exposure to blaming and alarmist messaging could increase women's guilt, stigma, and internalized weight bias. The newspaper media should be harnessed to de‐stigmatize maternal obesity and promote maternal well‐being.
The effectiveness of intra‐alveolar Aloe vera extract powder on reducing the incidence of dry socket after tooth extraction: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Alhalabi Nour Rafiq , Jaafo Mohammad Hassan , Mourad Rashad , Alkhouli Muaaz , Al‐Nerabieah Zuhair 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to determine if the intra‐alveolar Aloe vera extract powder could reduce the incidence of alveolar osteitis (Dry socket) following extraction in the premolar site.Materials and methodsThis trial was a double‐blinded randomized controlled clinical study with a split‐mouth design which included 40 premolars sockets in 20 adult patients, aged 25–49 years. Each patient had two symmetrical extraction sites. The study sample was randomly allocated into two groups (A) the Aloe vera group, and group (B) the control group, extractions were performed for both sides in the same appointment. The occurrence of dry sockets was recorded on the third and seventh days after the extraction. Also, post‐extraction pain scores and the healing of the extraction socket were assessed.ResultsThe Aloe vera group showed a lower post‐extraction alveolar osteitis (dry socket) occurrence compared with the control group with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The results also showed a decrease in pain scores in the experimental group compared to the control group with statistically significant differences on the first, third and seventh day after extraction (p < 0.05). Also, there were statistically significant differences in the degrees of healing of the extraction socket between the two groups on the seventh day after extraction (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt was concluded that the topical application of Aloe vera extract powder intra‐alveolar after extraction may decrease the incidence of alveolar osteitis (dry socket), improve socket healing and reduce post‐extraction pain.
Management of a patient with multiple device replacements and extractions: When the leadless pacemaker is a viable solution
Authors: Coppola Giuseppe , Ciaramitaro Gianfranco , Madaudo Cristina , Di Caccamo Leandro , Testa Gabriella , Castelluccio Emanuele , Rizzuti Guglielmo , Torre Salvatore , Novo Giuseppina , Galassi Alfredo Ruggero , Corrado Egle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeadless pacemaker (LPs) is a safe device and the implantation rates of this device is increasing. The device extraction and replacement are today a challenging procedures especially in case of infections, fragile and older patients or in unfavorable venous anatomy; LPs can be a valid alternative strategy in these cases. We report a case of management of a patient with multiple previous device replacements and extractions, with malfunction of transvenous pacemaker and with a fibrous membrane between the walls of the ventricular lead and the superior vena cava (SVC), who underwent a successful LP implantation.
Benefit of epidural analgesia for postoperative pain control after a Kasai Portoenterostomy: A ten‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bae Evelyn , Ganesh Arjunan , Flake Alan W. , Gurnaney Harshad G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionBiliary atresia is a rare obstructive cholangiopathy that presents in infants. The Kasai portoenterostomy procedure, which reestablishes biliary drainage into the intestine, is a surgical procedure that has been found to improve survival with the native liver. The options for postoperative analgesia include systemic opioids and epidural analgesia. The primary objective of this study was to compare the postoperative systemic opioids used in morphine equivalents (mg/kg) on postoperative days 0 through 3 between patients who underwent a Kasai portoenterostomy and received a thoracic epidural infusion to those without thoracic epidural analgesia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 91 infants with biliary atresia undergoing a Kasai portoenterostomy between January 1, 2009, and September 1, 2019, at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.ResultsSixty‐three of the 91 patients (69%) had a continuous epidural catheter placed intraoperatively for postoperative analgesia. The total opioid requirement (morphine equivalents) for the first 72 h in the epidural group of (Mean (95% confidence interval): 0.52 mg/kg (0.38, 0.67 mg/kg) was lower than the non‐epidural group (Mean (95% confidence interval): 1.15 mg/kg (0.8, 1.48 mg//kg) for a difference in mean opioid requirement (95% confidence interval) of 0.63 mg/kg (0.32, 0.94 mg/kg). Patients in the non‐epidural group had higher rates of unplanned ICU admissions (36% non‐epidural group vs. 3.3% epidural group, difference in proportion (95% confidence interval) 32.7% (13, 52%),p < .01). A higher percentage of patients in the non‐epidural group had a postoperative oxygen requirement (32.1% vs. 11.3%, difference in proportion (95% confidence interval) 21% (2, 40%),p = .02).ConclusionIn our cohort study, continuous thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing a Kasai portoenterostomy was associated with lower postoperative opioid use. We also observed that the epidural group had a lower ICU admission rate and a lower rate of postoperative supplemental oxygen requirement over the first three postoperative days.
Group agential epistemic injustice: Epistemic disempowerment and critical defanging of group epistemic agency1
Authors: Medina José 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExpanding Miranda Fricker's (2007) concept of epistemic injustice, recent accounts of agential epistemic injustice (Lackey, 2020; Medina, 2021; Pohlhaus, 2020) have focused on cases in which the epistemic agency of individuals or groups is unfairly blocked, constrained, or subverted. In this article I argue that agential epistemic injustice is perpetrated against marginalized groups not only when their group epistemic agency is excluded, but also when it is included but receives defective uptake that neutralizes their capacity to resist epistemic oppression. I identify two harms that such injustice inflicts on marginalized groups: epistemic disempowerment and critical defanging of resistant epistemic group agency. My analysis shows how the harms of agential epistemic injustice can occur through unfair epistemic exclusions in group dynamics, but also through forms of inclusion in group dynamics that distort or coopt the epistemic agency of the group. Following Emmalon Davis (2018) and her analysis of epistemic appropriation, I argue that the harms of agential epistemic injustice can occur when the resistant epistemic resources of a marginalized group are appropriated in a way that disempowers them and critically defangs their resistant epistemic agency. I use Taylor Rogers’ (2021) analysis of the epistemic appropriation of “#MeToo” and “intersectionality” to show how epistemic disempowerment and critical defanging work in unjust epistemic group dynamics. The article offers a diagnosis of the failures of epistemic responsibility involved in agential epistemic injustice, and some suggestions for resisting those failures and working toward more responsible and just epistemic group dynamics.
Trust and trustworthiness
Authors: Carter J. Adam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractI motivate and defend a new way of theorising about trust and trustworthiness – and their relationship to each other – by locating both within a broader picture that captures largely overlooked symmetries on both the trustor's and trustee's side of a cooperative exchange. The view defended here takes good cooperation as a theoretical starting point; on the view proposed, cooperation between trustor and trustee is working well when achievements in trust and in responding to trust are matched on both sides of the trust exchange. In a bit more detail, the trustor ‘matches’ her achievement in trusting (an achievement in fitting reliance to reciprocity) with the trustee's achievement in responding to trust (an achievement in fitting reciprocity to reliance). From this starting point, we can then appreciate symmetrical ways that the trustor and trustee can (respectively) fall short, by violating what are shown to be symmetrical evaluative norms – of success, competence and aptness – that regulate the attempts made by both trustor and trustee. The overall picture has important advantages over the received way of theorising about how trust stands to trustworthiness, and it clears the way – by identifying key questions that have been obscured – to making further progress.
Rare is beautiful? Rareness, technology value, and the moderating role of search domain and knowledge maturity
Authors: Lee Jeongsik “Jay” , Jung Hyun Ju , Park Hyunwoo 
Published: October 2022

What makes a technology valuable? Characterizing the value as the degree of impact on subsequent technology development and focusing on the rareness as a composite measure of novelty and conventionality representing the relative position of a technology in a technology space, we advance a theory on the relationship between the rareness and value of a technology as well as the moderating role of search basis in shaping the relationship. We build our theory exploiting the fundamental trade‐off between the benefits of adopting a rare technology in pursuing greater recombinant potential and the costs of understanding the rare technology to be adopted and finding complementary technologies for successfully integrating the rare technology in the subsequent technology development process. Using US firm patent data in nanotechnology, we find that the relationship between the rareness and value of a technology exhibits an inverted‐U shape, consistent with our theoretical expectation. Further, the search basis of the focal technology moderates this relationship such that the rareness–value relationship becomes steeper when the technology is built on more local knowledge but flatter if the technology embeds more mature knowledge. Our study contributes to the extant literature seeking to illuminate the process by which valuable technologies arise.
The ‘4th 90’ target as a strategy to improve health‐related quality of life of people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Mvilongo Prudence Tatiana Nti , Vanhamel Jef , Siegel Magdalena , Nöstlinger Christiana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesNext to monitoring the clinical health of people living with HIV through the triple 90 targets, a 4th 90 target was proposed in 2016 to improve HIV health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) by addressing comorbidities and other psychosocial challenges. This scoping review aimed at understanding related psychosocial determinants, including strategies to improve HrQoL for people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), as an initiative to ameliorate the continuum of care.MethodsThis scoping review followed PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed and Wiley databases from 01 January 2011 to 19 April 2021 for articles on HrQoL, including determinants and related interventions in SSA. We also conducted a manual search to retrieve grey literature on the ‘4th 90’ target. The six domains of HrQoL defined in the most widely used instrument (i.e., WHOQOL‐HIV‐BREF tool) served as a guiding framework.ResultsThirty‐three articles were included for analysis. Seven articles illustrated the ongoing debate on the 4th 90 target, highlighting challenges with measuring indicators. Nine articles discussed HrQoL domains, reporting the highest scores in the spirituality and physical domains and lowest scores in the social and environmental domains. The presence of stigma and depressive symptoms was associated with low HrQoL. Seventeen articles discussed HrQoL interventions, highlighting that improved HrQoL enhanced health‐seeking behaviour. Only two interventions addressed the environmental domain highlighting the fact that selection of intervention aims were not evidence led.ConclusionIntroducing the 4th 90 target in SSA as a strategy to enhance HrQoL amongst people living with HIV could improve the HIV continuum of care; however, efforts are required to effectively address environmental and structural determinants.
Impact of Wall Temperature on Aerothermal Characteristics of an Array of Surface Microstructures
Authors: Campanaro D. , He L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aero-thermal behavior of surface microstructures is of wide relevance, especially given the development of additive manufacturing (AM). Of particular interest is the interaction between fluid flow and heat transfer. In this work, two contrasting configurations, a flat plate boundary layer and an array of hemispheric microstructures are examined at three wall-inflow temperature ratios (TR): cooled (TR = 0.5), adiabatic (TR = 1) and heated wall (TR = 1.5). Due to compensation between fluid viscosity and velocity gradient in the boundary layer, the heat transfer effects may appear deceptively small if judged using the common aerothermal parameters (Cf, Nu). The authors find instead the local Reynolds number to be more usefully indicative of such aerothermal interaction. The scale-resolving large eddy simulations (LES) simulations at a range of Reynolds numbers show that the cooled wall case is characterized by a markedly earlier transition which takes place at a much lower (by 50%) bulk flow Reynolds number compared to a near-adiabatic case. Furthermore, it is shown that the incompressible flow LES solutions fail to capture the early transition under the same cooling condition. Finally, a regrouping of the nondimensional parameters (CD, Nu) with TR is proposed leading to a more unified characterization for easier scaling of wall heat transfer effects in practical applications.
Characterization of a Lightly Loaded Underfloor Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter in a Turbocharged Light Duty Truck
Authors: Bohac Stanislav V. , Ludlam Scott 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A test program to characterize the benefits and challenges of applying a European series production catalyzed gasoline particulate filter (GPF) to a U.S. Tier 2 turbocharged light duty truck (3.5 L Ecoboost Ford F150) in the underfloor location was initiated at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The turbos and underfloor location keep the GPF relatively cool and minimize passive regeneration relative to other configurations. This study characterizes the relatively cool GPF in a lightly loaded state, approximately 0.1–0.4 g/L of soot loading, using four test cycles: 60 mph steady-state, 4-phase Federal Test Procedure city drive cycle (FTP), highway dirve cycle, and US06. Measurements include GPF temperature, soot loading, GPF pressure drop, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), CO2, particulate matter (PM) mass, elemental carbon (EC), filter-collected organic carbon (OC), CO, total hydrocarbons (THC), and NOx emissions. The lightly loaded underfloor GPF achieves an 85–99% reduction in PM mass, a 98.5–100.0% reduction in EC, and a 65–91% reduction in filter-collected OC, depending on test cycle. The smallest reductions in PM and EC occur in the US06 cycle due to mild GPF regeneration caused by GPF inlet temperature exceeding 500 °C. EC dominates filter-collected OC without a GPF, while OC dominates EC with a GPF. Composite cycle CO, THC, and NOx emissions are reduced by the washcoat on the GPF but the low temperature location of the GPF does not make best use of the catalyzed washcoat. Cycle average pressure drop across the GPF ranged from 1.25 kPa in the four-phase FTP to 4.64 kPa in the US06 but did not affect BTE or CO2 emissions in a measurable way in any test cycle.
Performance Effects of Video- and Sensor-Based Feedback for Implementing a Terrain-Specific Micropacing Strategy in Cross-Country Skiing
Authors: Seeberg Trine M. , Kocbach Jan , Kjøsen Talsnes Rune , Meyer Frederic , Losnegard Thomas , Tjønnås Johannes , Sandbakk Øyvind , Solli Guro Strøm 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To investigate the performance effects of video- and sensor-based feedback for implementing a terrain-specific micropacing strategy in cross-country (XC) skiing. Methods: Following a simulated 10-km skating time trial (Race1) on snow, 26 national-level male XC skiers were randomly allocated into an intervention (n = 14) or control group (n = 12), before repeating the race (Race2) 2 days later. Between races, intervention received video- and sensor-based feedback through a theoretical lecture and a practical training session aiming to implement a terrain-specific micropacing strategy focusing on active power production over designated hilltops to save time in the subsequent downhill. The control group only received their overall results and performed a training session with matched training load. Results: From Race1 to Race2, the intervention group increased the total variation of chest acceleration on all hilltops (P < .001) and reduced time compared with the control group in a specifically targeted downhill segment (mean group difference: −0.55 s; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.9 to −0.19 s; P = .003), as well as in overall time spent in downhill (−14.4 s; 95% CI, −21.4 to −7.4 s; P < .001) and flat terrain (−6.5 s; 95% CI, −11.0 to −1.9 s; P = .006). No between-groups differences were found for either overall uphill terrain (−9.3 s; 95% CI, −31.2 to 13.2 s; P = .426) or total race time (−32.2 s; 95% CI, −100.2 to 35.9 s; P = .339). Conclusion: Targeted training combined with video- and sensor-based feedback led to a successful implementation of a terrain-specific micropacing strategy in XC skiing, which reduced the time spent in downhill and flat terrain for intervention compared with a control group. However, no change in overall performance was observed between the 2 groups of XC skiers.