bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic architecture of trophic adaptations in cichlid fishes
Authors: DeLorenzo Leah , DeBrock Victoria , Baez Aldo Carmona , Ciccotto Patrick J. , Peterson Erin N. , Stull Clare , Roberts Natalie B. , Roberts Reade B. , Powder Kara E. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTSince Darwin, biologists have sought to understand the evolution and origins of phenotypic adaptations. The skull is particularly diverse due to intense natural selection such as feeding biomechanics. We investigate the genetic and molecular origins of trophic adaptation using Lake Malawi cichlids, which have undergone an exemplary evolutionary radiation. We analyze morphological differences in the lateral and ventral head among an insectivore that eats by suction feeding, an obligate biting herbivore, and their F2 hybrids. We identify variation in a series of morphologies including mandible width, mandible length, and buccal length that directly affect feeding kinematics and function. Using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, we find that many genes of small effects influence these craniofacial adaptations. Intervals for some traits are enriched in genes related to potassium transport and sensory systems, the latter suggesting correlation between feeding structures and sensory adaptations for foraging. Craniofacial phenotypes largely map to distinct genetic intervals, and morphologies in the head do not correlate. Together, these suggest that craniofacial traits are mostly inherited as separate modules, which confers a high potential for the evolution of morphological diversity. Though these traits are not restricted by genetic pleiotropy, functional demands of feeding and sensory structures likely introduce constraints on variation. In all, we provide insights into the quantitative genetic basis of trophic adaptation, identify mechanisms that influence the direction of morphological evolution, and provide molecular inroads to craniofacial variation.
Atomic-scale Quantum Chemical Calculation of Omicron Mutations Near Cleavage Sites of the Spike Protein
Authors: Adhikari Puja , Jawad Bahaa , Podgornik Rudolf , Ching Wai-Yim 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe attachment of the Spike-protein in SARS-CoV-2 to host cells and the initiation of viral invasion are two critical processes in the viral infection and transmission processes in which the presence of unique furin (S1/S2) and TMPRSS2 (S2’) cleavage sites play a pivotal role. In this study, we provide detailed analysis of the impact of the BA.1 Omicron variant mutations, vicinal to these two cleavage sites using a novel computational method based on Amino acid – amino acid bond pair unit (AABPU), a specific protein structural unit in 3D as a proxy for quantifying the atomic interaction. We have identified several key features related to the electronic structure as well as bonding of the Omicron mutations near the cleavage sites that significantly increase the size of the relevant AABPUs and the fraction of the positive partial charge. These results of the ultra-large-scale quantum calculations enable us to conjecture on the biological role of Omicron mutations and their specific effects on cleavage sites, as well as identify the principles that can be of some value in analyzing other new variants or subvariants.
The identification of potent and selective antibodies for Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1, for use in immunoblot, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation
Authors: Alshafie Walaa , Fotouhi Maryam , Shlaifer Irina , Edwards Aled M. , Durcan Thomas M , McPherson Peter S. , Laflamme Carl 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTTBK1 is a serine-threonine kinase that has been linked to a number of diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Reproducible research on TBK1 has been hampered by the lack of well characterized antibodies. In this study, we characterized 11 commercial antibodies for immunoblot, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, using a knock-out cell line as the control. For each application, we identified several potent and selective antibodies that will facilitate studies on TBK1.
Physiological Levels of Estrogen and Progesterone Modulate CR3 expression on, andNeisseria gonorrhoeaeInfection of, Primary, Human, Cervical Epithelial Cells
Authors: Edwards Trevor J. , Edwards Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite advances made in our understanding ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaepathogenesis, factors dictating the divergent presentation of gonococcal disease observed between men and women,in vivo, remain unclear. Clinical data indicate that gonococcal pathogenesis of the female genital tract is influenced by steroid hormones. Notwithstanding, there are limited data addressing how steroid hormones modulate gonococcal pathogenesis. Hence, we investigated the effect(s) of physiological concentrations of estrogens and progestogens onN. gonorrhoeaeviability and on complement-mediated infection of primary cervical cells. In contrast to previous studies that showed a bacteriostatic effect of non-physiological concentrations of steroid hormones on gonococci, our data indicate that physiological concentrations of estrogens and progestogens do not inhibit gonococcal growthin vitroor during infection of primary cervical cells. Estradiol promoted complement receptor 3 recruitment to the cervical cell surface and, thus, the ability of gonococci to associate with these cells. Progesterone-predominant assay conditions resulted in decreased expression of Opa proteins by gonococci, increased complement production by cervical cells, and increased iC3b opsonization of gonococci during cervical cell challenge. Collectively, our data support clinical observations and demonstrate that estrogens and progestogens distinctly modulate gonococcal cervical infection.
N-hydroxy pipecolic acid methyl ester is involved in Arabidopsis immunity
Authors: Mohnike Lennart , Huang Weijie , Worbs Brigitte , Feussner Kirstin , Zhang Yuelin , Feussner Ivo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biosynthesis of N-hydroxy pipecolic acid (NHP) has been intensively studied, though knowledge on its metabolic turnover is still scarce. To close this gap, we discovered three novel metabolites via metabolite fingerprinting in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Exact mass information and fragmentation by mass spectrometry (MSMS) suggest a methylated derivative of NHP (MeNHP), a NHP-OGlc-hexosyl conjugate (NHP-OGlc-Hex) and an additional NHP-OGlc-derivative. All three compounds were formed in wildtype leaves but not present in the NHP deficient mutant fmo1-1. The identification of these novel NHP-based molecules was possible by a dual-infiltration experiment using a mixture of authentic NHP- and D9-NHP-standards for leaf infiltration followed by an UV-C treatment. Interestingly, the signal intensity of MeNHP and other NHP-derived metabolites increased in ugt76b1-1 mutant plants. This suggests a detour, for the inability to synthesize NHP-O-glucoside. For MeNHP, we unequivocally determined the site of methylation at the carboxylic acid function. MeNHP application by leaf infiltration leads to the detection of a MeNHP-OGlc as well as NHP, suggesting MeNHP-hydrolysis to NHP. This is in line with the observation that MeNHP-infiltration is able to rescue the fmo1-1 susceptible phenotype against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco 2. Together these data suggest MeNHP as additional storage or transport form of NHP.HighlightIn this work, we identify N-hydroxy pipecolic acid (NHP) metabolites including methyl ester and complex glycosides. The application of methyl ester is able to rescue the disease phenotype of the biosynthesis deficient mutant of NHP.
A discrete-time survival model for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors: Trostle Parker , Corzo Cesar A. , Reich Brian J. , Machado Gustavo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the arrival of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in the United States in 2013, elimination and control programs have had partial success. The dynamics of its spread are hard to quantify, though previous work has shown that local transmission and the transfer of pigs within production systems are most associated with the spread of PEDV.Our work relies on the history of PEDV infections in a region of the southeastern United States. This infection data is complemented by farm-level features and extensive industry data on the movement of both pigs and vehicles. We implement a discrete-time survival model and evaluate different approaches to modeling the local-transmission and network effects.We find strong evidence in that the local-transmission and pig-movement effects are associated with the spread of PEDV, even while controlling for seasonality, farm-level features, and the possible spread of disease by vehicles. Our fully Bayesian model permits full uncertainty quantification of these effects. Our farm-level out-of-sample predictions have a receiver-operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.779 and a precision-recall AUC of 0.097. The quantification of these effects in a comprehensive model allows stakeholders to make more informed decisions about disease prevention efforts.
Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers actin polymerization necessary for rapid glycolytic activation
Authors: Chakrabarti Rajarshi , Fung Tak Shun , Kang Taewook , Pallijeff Pieti W. , Suomalainen Anu , Usherwood Edward J. , Higgs Henry N. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMitochondrial damage represents a dramatic change in cellular homeostasis, necessitating rapid responses. One rapid response is peri-mitochondrial actin polymerization, termed ADA (acute damage-induced actin). The consequences of ADA are not fully understood. Here we show that ADA is necessary for rapid glycolytic activation upon inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production in multiple cells, including mouse embryonic fibroblasts and effector CD8+ T lymphocytes, for which glycolysis is an important source of ATP and biosynthetic molecules. Treatments that induce ADA include CCCP, antimycin A, rotenone, oligomycin, and hypoxia. The Arp2/3 complex inhibitor CK666 or the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX) inhibitor CGP37157, applied simultaneously with the ADA stimulus, inhibit both ADA and the glycolytic increase within 5-min, suggesting that ADA is necessary for glycolytic stimulation. Two situations causing chronic reductions in mitochondrial ATP production, ethidium bromide treatment (to deplete mitochondrial DNA) and mutation to the NDUFS4 subunit of complex 1 of the electron transport chain, cause persistent peri-mitochondrial actin filaments of similar morphology to ADA. Both peri-mitochondrial actin loss and a 20% ATP decrease occur within 10 min of CK666 treatment in NDUFS4 knock-out cells. We propose that ADA is necessary for rapid glycolytic activation upon mitochondrial impairment, to re-establish ATP production.
Autonomous cycles of data analysis tasks for innovation processes in MSMEs
Authors: Gutiérrez Ana , Aguilar Jose , Ortega Ana , Montoya Edwin 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe authors propose the concept of “Autonomic Cycle for innovation processes,” which defines a set of tasks of data analysis, whose objective is to improve the innovation process in micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe authors design autonomic cycles where each data analysis task interacts with each other and has different roles: some of them must observe the innovation process, others must analyze and interpret what happens in it, and finally, others make decisions in order to improve the innovation process.FindingsIn this article, the authors identify three innovation sub-processes which can be applied to autonomic cycles, which allow interoperating the actors of innovation processes (data, people, things and services). These autonomic cycles define an innovation problem, specify innovation requirements, and finally, evaluate the results of the innovation process, respectively. Finally, the authors instance/apply the autonomic cycle of data analysis tasks to determine the innovation problem in the textile industry.Research limitations/implicationsIt is necessary to implement all autonomous cycles of data analysis tasks (ACODATs) in a real scenario to verify their functionalities. Also, it is important to determine the most important knowledge models required in the ACODAT for the definition of the innovation problem. Once determined this, it is necessary to define the relevant everything mining techniques required for their implementations, such as service and process mining tasks.Practical implicationsACODAT for the definition of the innovation problem is essential in a process innovation because it allows the organization to identify opportunities for improvement.Originality/valueThe main contributions of this work are: For an innovation process is specified its ACODATs in order to manage it. A multidimensional data model for the management of an innovation process is defined, which stores the required information of the organization and of the context. The ACODAT for the definition of the innovation problem is detailed and instanced in the textile industry. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques required for the ACODAT for the innovation problem definition are specified, in order to obtain the knowledge models (prediction and diagnosis) for the management of the innovation process for MSMEs of the textile industry.
“You must go here”: architecture, yelp and the tourist gaze
Authors: Lindsay Georgia , Sawyer Mark 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe Tourist Gaze has been debated, reimagined and applied to a variety of actors and settings. This paper helps investigate how contemporary architecture operates as subject and participant in gazing practices.Design/methodology/approachUsing Yelp reviews of art museums in a regional US city, a thematic analysis of text reviews and image uploads was conducted.FindingsReviewers do refer to buildings as objects of the gaze; but they also connect their experience of the building to emotions and to actions and use the building to orient themselves spatially. This article demonstrates that contemporary buildings are important components of tourist experiences as objects of the gaze, but also as frames for gazing and as stages for tourist practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe research implications are both topical and methodological: the paper demonstrates that contemporary (neo-modern) architecture is a vibrant avenue of research, and that social networking sites are a promising potential source of data for studying architecture in the social field.Originality/valueThis research uses an underexplored data set, Yelp reviews, to capture what people pay attention to and think others will find interesting about architecture. It also adds important layers to studies on the tourist gaze. First, it emphasizes that architecture is important to tourists not only as an object of the gaze but also as a site for affective experience, action and daily life. Second, it addresses some building styles beyond the historical ones that are foundational to the idea of the tourist gaze.
Sustainability evaluation of the prefabricated medical emergency buildings’ renovation scheme after the COVID-19
Authors: Teng Yue , Li Zhongfu , Cai Jin , Ju Min 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aims to focus on the sustainability of prefabricated medical emergency buildings (PMEBs) renovation after the epidemic, to address the problem that large numbers of PMEBs may be abandoned for losing their original architectural functions. This study develops an evaluation system to identify and measure sustainable factors for PMEBs’ renovation schemes. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of PMEBs’ renovation scheme was conducted based on cloud model evaluation method and selected the renovation scheme in line with sustainable development. The study promotes evaluation methods and decision-making basis for the renovation design of global PMEBs and realizes the use-value of building functions again.Design/methodology/approachBy referring to the existing literature, design standards and expert visiting a set of evaluation index systems which combines the renovation of the PMEBs and the sustainability concept has been established, which calculates the balanced optimal comprehensive weight of each indicator utilizing combination weighting method, and quantifies the qualitative language of different PMEBs’ renovation schemes by experts through characteristics of the cloud model. This paper takes Huoshenshan hospital a representative PMEB during the epidemic period as an example, to verify the feasibility of the cloud model evaluation method.FindingsThe research results of this paper are that in the PMEBs’ renovation scheme structural reformative (T11) and corresponding nature with the original building (T13) have the most important influence; the continuity of architectural cultural value (T22) and regional development coherence (T23) are the key factors affecting the social dimension; the profitability of renovated buildings (T34) is the key factor affecting the economic dimension; the environmental impact (T41), resource utilization (T42) and ecological technology (T43) are the key factors in the environmental dimension.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by supplementing a set of scientific evaluation methods to make up for the sustainability measurement of PMEBs’ renovation scheme. The main objective was to make renovated PMEBs meet the needs of urban sustainable development, retain the original cultural value of the buildings, meanwhile enhance their social and economic value and realize the renovation with the least impact on the environment.
Rule with an iron hand: powerful CEOs, influential shareholders and corporate performance in Russia
Authors: Zavertiaeva Marina , Ershova Tatiana 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study examines whether CEO power influences the book-based and market-based performance of Russian companies when it is restricted by the presence of essential shareholders, namely, state and influential businessmen.Design/methodology/approachManagerial power is divided into structural, ownership, expert and prestige. The proposed power metrics include not only CEOs but also the board of directors' characteristics that may restrict or enhance CEO power. The empirical analysis is based on the sample of 90 large traded Russian firms, which shares are included in the Moscow Stock Exchange Broad Market Index (MICEX BMI), observed from 2012 to 2019.FindingsPanel data analysis suggests that higher board ownership and tenure may restrict CEO power, which in turn would be beneficial for corporate performance. the authors also see that in companies owned by influential businessmen, CEO power influence on M/B value is more negative, while state ownership does not moderate it. CEO power metrics, based on political experience and tenure, affect corporate performance differently in companies affiliated with extractive industries.Originality/valueFirst, the authors consider two channels through which a company in emerging markets may get additional resources: CEOs and influential owners. Second, the authors develop power metrics based on Finkelstein's managerial power classification (1992) and the idea of relative power proposed by Bebchuk et al. (2011). It allows identifying whether the board of directors' may constrain or enhance CEO power to raise corporate performance. Third, the authors analyze developing Russian markets that represent a good ground for testing the question, whereas empirical research on Russia is relatively scarce (Grosman and Leiponen, 2018). Fourth, the authors pay particular attention to the CEO power in the extractive industry, strategically important for the Russian economy.
Evaluating the role of microfinance institutions in enhancing the livelihood of urban poor
Authors: Hasan Nazia , Singh Anjani Kumar , Agarwal Manoj Kumar , Kushwaha Bijay Prasad 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe goal of this research is to look at how urban microfinance affects livelihood transformation in terms of poverty reduction, living standards, social well-being, empowerment and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the role of urban microfinance towards livelihood with special reference to Western Uttar Pradesh. Primary data were collected from 321 respondents who are users of a microfinance programme using a standardised questionnaire. The data were collected using a stratified random sampling technique, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling.FindingsUrban microfinance has a considerable impact on poverty reduction, the standard of living, social well-being, empowerment and entrepreneurship in the urban poor, according to the findings.Research limitations/implicationsThe fact that the majority of the borrowers were uneducated was the most significant barrier to them filling out the questionnaire. Their anxiety was the most significant psychological obstacle to successfully answering the questions, and it took time. As a result, it is urged that proper counselling be conducted before the poor borrowers fill out the questionnaire.Practical implicationsThe current study highlights the factors that lead to the utilisation of microfinance services. This research will aid MFIs in selecting the appropriate products and services for the urban poor. The results of this study will aid them in understanding and meeting the expectations of microfinance CEOs.Originality/valueThis is a first study conducted in Northern zone of India measuring the roles urban microfinance institutions (MFIs) in uplifting the livelihood of urban poor.
Management control systems. A non-family stakeholder perspective on the critical success factors influencing continuous stakeholder support during businesses succession
Authors: Rodriguez Serna Lil , Bowyer Dorothea Maria , Gregory Sheree K. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeAlthough the use of management control systems (MCS) is known to support organizational strategic success, the role played by MCS to monitor stakeholder satisfaction, thus minimizing stakeholder relationship severance, during uncertain events such as business succession remains underexplored. Thus, the authors investigate why succession creates uncertainty and how can stakeholders' concerns assist in contingently adapt the family businesses (FB) MCS to assist decision-making during succession.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a qualitative approach and a multiple-case study design. The authors conducted 30 in-depth interviews within 6 Australian FB SMEs. Interviewees included owners, successors, senior managers, customers and suppliers.FindingsThe authors' findings suggest that owners' perceptions, that intergenerational succession causes minimal stakeholder disruption, results in MCS not adapting to monitor the uncertain event. Other stakeholders, on the contrary, highlight the need for MCSs to evolve and adapt during the process to assist owners monitor stakeholder-derived success factors to secure the long-term sustainability of the FB.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research is based on the inclusion of non-family stakeholders, such as customers and suppliers, as part of the sample. This approach allowed for stronger conclusions and a broader overview of the succession issue.