bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Breathe to Improve HRV: Low and Slow Breathing Improves HRV More than Deep Breathing Except When Using a Pacer
Authors: Steffen Patrick , Bartlett Derek , Channell Rachel , Parsell Kimberly , Giordano Nicholas , Branson Kelly 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Breathing instructions and pace are used in relaxation and to improve heart rate variability (HRV). ‘Breathe deeply’ is a common instruction given in relaxation exercises; however, some argue that ‘low and slow’ breathing is more effective. No studies to date have directly tested this hypothesis in an empirical study. Using a randomized controlled design, 180 healthy college students (65% female, average BMI 23.6) were randomized into one of six conditions, breathing instructions (2 levels: deep breathing vs. low and slow breathing) and visual breathing pacer (3 levels: 12 breaths per minute control condition, no pacer condition, and 6 breaths per minute condition). After a 5-minute baseline, participants practiced breathing for 15 minutes according to their randomized condition. Following practice, participants were administered a brief stressor and ended with a 10-minute recovery period. Breathing pace, but not instructions, impacted HRV overall. The 6-breaths per minute condition showed larger increases in HRV than 12-breaths per minute and no pacer conditions. There was a significant interaction between instructions and pacer type with ‘low and slow’ instructions leading to higher HRV in the no pacer condition and ‘deep’ breathing instructions leading to higher HRV in the 6-breath condition. Given that breathing pacers are not typically used, ‘low and slow’ breathing instructions are more likely to increase HRV levels in general practice.
Comparison of mask leak and respiratory mechanics in synchronized versus decoupled chest compression in a newborn manikin model
Authors: Shah Dharmesh , Tracy Mark , Hinder Murray , Badawi Nadia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Newborn mask ventilation technique requires skills, and effective resuscitation is essential for pulmonary gas exchange. The most effective compression to ventilation (C:V) ratio in newborn resuscitation is still contentious and there is no evidence of human data supporting the current 3:1 ratio. We aimed to study mask leak and respiratory mechanics comparing synchronized and decoupled chest compression on a newborn manikin model.Methods: Twenty-eight neonatal staff members trained in newborn resuscitation were randomly paired to provide mask ventilation with chest compression in a synchronized (3:1) C:V ratio followed by decoupled chest compression (CC) at a rate of 120 compression to 60 inflations per minute. A Laerdal Advanced Life Support leak-free manikin and a 240-mL self-inflating bag were used. Respiratory mechanical data were collected and analysed.Results: Decoupled CC provided significantly higher minute ventilation (825.3 mL/min) compared to 534.8 mL/min with the synchronized CC group (p<0.0001). The mean mask leak (%) was 27.9 (CI 18.4 – 37.4) in the synchronized CC group and 25.3 (CI 17.6 – 33.1) in the decoupled CC group. Higher mean airway pressure was noted in the decoupled CC group. Conclusion: Mask leak was unchanged with introduction of decoupled CC to a traditional 3:1 C:V ratio. However, decoupled CC provided significantly higher minute ventilation. Human studies to investigate the respiratory mechanics and hemodynamic effects of decoupled CC are needed.
Rural Family Physician Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography: Experiences of Primary Care Providers in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Kornelsen Jude , Ho Hilary , Robinson Virginia , Frenkel Oron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In British Columbia (BC), rural and remote areas lack proximal access to radiographic services. Poor access to radiographic services in rural settings presents a challenge to timely diagnosis and screening across many disease states and healthy pregnancies. As a solution to the lack of access to radiographic services in rural settings, the Rural Coordination Centre of BC (RCCbc) supported rural Family Physicians (FPs) wishing to use PoCUS through the Intelligent Network for PoCUS (IN PoCUS) program. This study evaluates FPs’ experience and use of PoCUS in their clinical practice.
Methods
This qualitative study conducted in-depth virtual interviews with 21 FPs across rural BC. The interview asked participants’ motivation to participate in RCCbc program, the type of training they received, their current use of PoCUS, their experience with the technology, and their experience interacting with specialists in regional centres. Thematic analysis of findings was undertaken.
Results
This study used Rogers’ framework of the five elements of diffusion of innovation to understand the factors that impede and enable the adoption of PoCUS in rural practice. Rural FPs in this study differentiated PoCUS from formal imaging done by specialists. The adoption of PoCUS was viewed as an extension of physical exams and was compatible with their values of providing generalist care. This study found that the use of PoCUS provided additional information that led to better clinical decision-making for triage and allowed FPs to determine the urgency for patient referral and transport to tertiary hospitals. FPs also reported an increase in job satisfaction with PoCUS use. Some barriers to using PoCUS included the time needed to be acquainted with the technology and learning how to integrate it into their clinical flow in a seamless manner.
Conclusion
This study has demonstrated the importance of PoCUS in improving patient care and facilitating timely diagnosis and treatment. As the use of PoCUS among FPs is relatively new in Canada, larger infrastructure support such as improving billing structures, long-term subsidies, educational opportunities, and quality improvement framework is needed to support the use of PoCUS among rural FPs.
Effective Replanning Web Service Composition Algorithm for Workload Scheduling under Cloud Environment
Authors: Hanabaratti Kavita D. , Rodd Sunil F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The execution of the workload using the Web Service Composition (WSC) in the heterogeneous cloud is a difficult task. The current real-time workload needs a dynamic method for the allocation of the resources for the different tasks and their sub-tasks with a good Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirement. Existing methods mainly focused on reducing the execution time and cost of the workload, which leads to an increase in energy and latency of the execution of the given workload. To overcome the problems of the existing algorithms this paper presents an Efficient Re-planning (ERP) Algorithm to execute the large number of scientific workloads in a heterogeneous cloud network. This paper presents an algorithm to increase the reliability and availability in the WSC for a dynamic workload. It also minimizes the energy consumption for the execution of the workload. The experimental results have been tested using the Montage Workflow. The results show that ERP-WSC model is more reliable and efficient when compared with the existing QL-HEFT Algorithm.
Gastroprotective Activities of Peperomia Pellucida L. and Pachyrhizus Erosus L. Extracts Combination on Ethanol-Induced Rats
Authors: Pertiwi Reza , Samudra Agung Giri , S Sal Prima Yudha , Hanuun Aanisah , Wati Noval Kurnia , Pebiani Tesa , Notriawan Doni , Wibowo Risky Hadi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gastroprotective is an effect caused by the compounds that have the capability of protecting the gastric mucosa. Peperomia pellucida plants contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, while Pachyrhizus erosus contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Peperomia pellucida reportedly contains dillapiole compounds with a gastroprotective effect. Moreover, its isolation result from Pachyrhizus erosus indicates the presence of dulcitol, gentisic acid, and formononetin, which has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the gastroprotective effect of the combination of Peperomia pellucida and Pachyrhizus erosus extract on rats with gastric ulcer models by looking at the ulcer index, percentage of inhibition, and histopathology. The research method used in this study was by making a combination of Peperomia pellucida and Pachyrhizus erosus extract. The combined extract was then given to 5 treatment groups. Group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control was given sucralfate, groups III, IV, and V were given a combination of Peperomia pellucida and Pachyrhizus erosus extract of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. The treatment was given orally for 14 days, after one hour of treatment on the 14th day, 96% ethanol induction was given orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW. The animal dissection was performed 24 hours after the induction. The results from observations showed an increase in body weight before and after the treatment. The ulcer index produced by negative control, positive control in the treatment with doses of 100, 200, and 400 were 4.18; 2.98; 2.42; 2.04; and 1.07. This study showed that the combination of Peperomia pellucida and Pachyrhizus erosus extract has a gastroprotective effect.
Microbiomes associated with European foul brood disease, and idiopathic brood disease syndrome in honey bees.
Authors: Anderson Kirk , Floyd Amy , Maes Patrick , Mott Brendon , Copeland Duan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Critical for pollination, commercial honey bees (Apis mellifera) are faced with a variety of pathogenic and environmental stressors that often result in colony or crop loss. One highly prevalent pathogen is the larval disease European foulbrood (EFB) attributed to the bacterium Mellisococcus plutonius. However, many disease phenotypes classified morphologically as EFB do not contain M. plutonius based on microscopy and molecular markers, and are designated as idiopathic. Here we improve understanding of the larval disease microbiome with the end goal of developing diagnoses and management strategies for EFB and EFB-like disease. We used next generation sequencing and qPCR to detail the microbiomes of phenotypically healthy and diseased larvae from six different apiaries in the state of Illinois, USA. A state apiary inspector diagnosed disease at all six apiaries as EFB according to a gestalt morphological phenotype. At five of the six apiaries, Mellisococcus plutonius dominated the larval disease microbiome, showing associations with three different firmicutes dependent on apiary. At the sixth site, diseased larvae were uniquely described as “melty, sunken and deflated”, and the resulting microbiota indicates a novel disease state that corresponds to idiopathic brood disease syndrome. Our results contribute to brood disease diagnosis, a growing problem for beekeeping and agriculture worldwide.
Omega- 3 Fatty Acids and Major Depression: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Carnegie Rebecca , Jones Hannah , Borges Maria Carolina , Haycock Phillip , Zheng Jie , Evans Jonathan , Martin Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Omega-3 fatty acids have been implicated in the aetiology of depressive disorders, though trials supplementing omega 3 to prevent depression have so far been unsuccessful. Whether this association is causal remains unclear.
Methods:
We used two sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to help inform causal inference. Genetic variants associated with circulating omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in UK Biobank (UKBB, n=115,078) were selected as exposures. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD, n=430,775; cases=116,209; controls=314,566) and recurrent Major Depression (rMDD, n=80,933; cases=17,451; controls=62,482) genome wide association studies (GWAS) were used as outcomes. Multivariable (MVMR) models were used to account for biologically correlated lipids, such as high- and low-density cholesterol and triglycerides, and to explore the relative importance of longer chain omega 3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using data from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging (CHARGE, n=8,866). Genetic colocalization analyses were used to approiximate the probability of a shared underlying causal variant between traits.
Results:
Genetically predicted total omega-3 fatty acids reduced the odds of MDD (ORIVW 0.96 per standard deviation (SD, i.e. 0.22mmol/l) (95% CIs 0.93-0.98, p=0.003). The largest point estimates were observed for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a long chain omega-3 fatty acid (OREPA 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96; p=0.0002). The effect of omega-3 fatty acids was robust to MVMR models accounting for biologically correlated lipids. ‘Leave-one-out’ analyses highlighted the FADS gene cluster as a key driver of the effect. Colocalization analyses suggested a shared causal variant using the primary outcome sample, but inconclusive, meaning genomic confounding could not be fully excluded.
Conclusions:
This study supports a role for omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, in the aetiology of depression, although pleiotropic mechanisms cannot be ruled out. The findings support guidelines highlighting the importance of EPA dose and ratio for MDD, and the importance of adequate power to detect modest effect sizes.
Risk perceptions of drinking bottled vs. tap water in a low-income community on the US-Mexico Border
Authors: Beamer Paloma I. , Victory Kerton R. , Wilson Amanda , Cabrera Nolan L. , Larson Daniela , Reynolds Kelly A. , Latura Joyce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that low-income Latinos generally drink bottled water over tap water and might be at increased risks for cavities from unfluoridated bottled water. In order to better design interventions, it is important to understand the risk perceptions of this unique high-risk yet historically marginalized group. Methods: We interviewed low-income Latino households (n=90) from Nogales, Arizona who primarily drink bottled water and asked them to evaluate potential health risks of drinking tap water compared to 16 other voluntary activities. Unpaired t-tests were used to determine if statistically significant (α=0.05) differences occurred in perceived risk by drinking-water source and differences among demographic groups in their level of (dis)agreement with statements regarding tap or bottled water safety. To assess significant differences (α=0.05) in perceived risks and voluntariness to engage in a number of activities, including drinking local tap water and drinking water in different geographic regions, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe’s post-hoc test with adjustment for the number of pairwise comparisons was used. Results: Bottled water was perceived as significantly safer for consumption than tap water (p<0.001). A mean score of 4.7 was measured for “drinking tap water in Nogales, Arizona” on a Likert scale from 1 (low risk) to 5 (high risk). This was significantly higher than that of drinking tap water in San Francisco, California (µ=3.4, p<0.001) or smoking (µ=3.5, p<0.001). Ninety-eight percent of participants feared that drinking local tap water could result in illness, 79% did not drink their water because of fear of microbial and chemical contamination and 73% would drink their water if they knew it was safe regardless of taste. Conclusions: These results suggest that fear of illness from tap-water consumption is an important contributing factor to increased bottled water use. Future efforts should focus on the development of educational and outreach efforts to assess the safety and risks associated with tap-water consumption and emphasize the importance of fluoride supplementation if not consuming tap water.
Dynamic architectural responses of morphological traits to emergence time in Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae)
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhou Dao-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
How plants respond to the complex environmental changes via phenotypic plasticity has not been well documented. Dynamic architectural analysis provides a valuable approach to understanding the strategies of plants in response to variation in emergence time. To investigate how plants respond to emergence time via dynamic architectural plasticity, we conducted a field experiment by sowing plants of Abutilon theophrasti at different dates to make them emerge in different growth periods, and measured a series of mass and morphological traits in different vertical layers of plants at different stages. Plant architecture can vary over time, and branches played a significant role in modifying the distribution of modules long different layers. The layers with greatest total mass went up higher over time, a delay of emergence time caused more upper layers with the greater total layer mass than lower layers. The layers with the greatest total layer mass were mainly ascribed to greater allocation of leaf and reproductive mass. Plants of A. theophrasti tended to allocate greater mass to leaf and reproductive mass in higher layers with later emergence at day 50 and had petiole length decreasing with higher layers day 70. Results suggested plants can avoid the shading of its upper leaves and branches through additional elongation of petioles, and branches play a significant role in modifying the distribution of modules long different layers. Plants are able to optimize the sunlight acquirement though modifying architectural traits over time, and allocating more energy to the leaves and reproductive branches in the top layers is the most efficient strategy for maximizing light acquirement.
New QSPR model for prediction of corrosion inhibition using Conceptual Density Functional Theory
Authors: Cruz-Borbolla Julian , Camacho-Mendoza Rosa L. , Feria Leticia , Zárate-Hernández Luis Ángel , Alvarado-Rodríguez José G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The relationship between structure and corrosion inhibition of a series of twenty-eight quinoline and pyridine derivatives has been established through the investigation of quantum descriptors calculated with PBE/6-311 + + G**method. One quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model was obtained by examining these descriptors using a genetic algorithm approximation method based on a multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors is strongly associated with hardness (η), minimal electrostatic potential (ESPmin), and volumen (V) descriptors. Furthermore, the validity of the proposed model is corroborated by an adsorption study on an iron surface Fe(110).
TCP15 negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis under low light in Brassica
Authors: Juxian Guo , Tingquan Wu , Mei Fu , Guihua Li , Wenlong Luo , Yunyan Kang , Tingqin Wang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Low light caused by industrial development and environment change has become a limitation in crop production. This condition inhibits the stalk anthocyanin synthesis and even its tastes in brassica rapa L; however, the molecular basis on the inhibitory effects by low light on anthocyanin synthesis in brassica stalk is less reported. In this study, we combined transcriptomes and metabolisms to decipher key genes and /or metabolites that responsible for shading acclimation in a brassica cultivar, XH1. Results shows that anthocyanin is obviously repressed in low light condition, and consistently the structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is significantly enriched in the list of differentially expressed genes according to both GO and KEGG analysis. Furthermore, amounts of some metabolites related to anthocyanin are dramatically decreased under shading treatment, such as cyanindin 3-O-glucoside chloride, cyanindin O-syringic acid, and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. In addition, we found that some transcription factors of interest such as TCP15 is stimulated by shading treatments, while acts as a negative regulator anthocyanin biosynthesis by low light. The mechanistic explanation of inhibitory effects of anthocyanin by low light condition through TCP15 was proposed. This study extend our knowledge on transcriptional regulation mechanism for anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to shading condition, and provides an evidence that a potential role of TCP15 in low light inhibitory effects in anthocyanin synthesis in brassica.
Extraprostatic Extension in Multiparametric MRI; Is Presurgical Detection Possible?
Authors: AYAZ MUZAFFER , Gulseren Yildiz , Inan Ibrahim , Ok Fesih , Kabaalioglu Adnan , Yildirim Asif 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the efficacy of 1.5T MRI using lesion length (LL) and tumor-capsule contact length (TCL) in detecting extraprostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer (PCa).
Methods
A total of 110 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy due to PCa were enrolled. Preoperative MR images were evaluated retrospectively by two independent observers who did not know the histopathological results. The observers evaluated LL and TCL. The radiological findings, including lesion location, were verified using histopathological mapping.
Results
Multiparametric MRI examination of the prostate demonstrated low sensitivity (Observer 1; 40.4% and Observer 2; 40.4%) but high specificity (Observer 1; 96.6% and Observer 2; 84.5%), with significant differences for detecting EPE (Observer 1, p < 0.0001; Observer 2, p = 0.003). The increased PI-RADS score correlated positively with the increased EPE rate (p < 0.0001 for both observers). The mean LL and TCL values were statistically significantly higher in patients with EPE than patients without EPE. The TCL was a significant parameter for EPE, with high sensitivity and low for both observers. For both observes the cutoff value of LL for EPE was 14.5 mm, and the cutoff value of TCL for EPE was 9.5 mm. Histopathological LL value (28 ± 12,3 mm) was higher than radiological LLs (Observer 1; 22,14 ± 10,15 mm and Observer 2; 19,06 ± 8,61).
Conclusion
The results revealed that 1.5T MRI demonstrated low sensitivity and high specificity in detecting EPE. The LL and TCL may be indirectly beneficial in detecting EPE. Considering the radiological underestimation of LL may be helpful before PCa therapies.
Metabolic Indexes of Obesity in Major Depressive Disorders
Authors: Yu Yang , Su Qiaodan , Li Xiaoling , Tang Chaohua , Wu Wanting , Peng Can , Xue Ying , Liu Zishan , Xie Guojun , Liang Jiaquan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic common mental disorder. Long-term medication may lead to abnormalities in vivo factors, which cause obesity.Aim To find out the related factors of obesity by analyzing the metabolic indexes of patients with major depressive disorders of all ages in stable stage.Methods Subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) were treated with fixed dose drugs and conventional drugs for 2 years or more. Venous blood was collected and blood metabolic indexes were analyzed.Results Among MDD, with the increase of age, the risk of obesity increases. Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with age, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). But creative kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), urea, serum creatinine (SCr) and homocysteine (Hcy) were not correlated with BMI. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the value of BMI increased with the increase of age (B = 0.050, p = 0.002), AST (B = 0.094, p = 0.049), ALT (B = 0.055, p = 0.016), UA (B = 0.006, p < 0.021), HbA1c (B = 0.702, p = 0.004) and hsCRP (B = 0.101, p < 0.001). Discussion We should pay more attention to the monitoring of blood metabolism indicators with the increase of age in MDD, and timely adjust the use of drugs timely adjust the use of drugs refer to their liver and kidney function, so as to reduce the risk of obesity and improve their quality of life.