bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative monitoring of the femoral nerve using free electromyography during total hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach
Authors: Wang Qiuru , Wang Haoyang , A Ge , Xiao Tingting , Kang Pengde 
Published: January 2022

Aims This study aimed to use intraoperative free electromyography to examine how the placement of a retractor at different positions along the anterior acetabular wall may affect the femoral nerve during total hip arthroplasty (THA) when undertaken using the direct anterior approach (THA-DAA). Methods Intraoperative free electromyography was performed during primary THA-DAA in 82 patients (94 hips). The highest position of the anterior acetabular wall was defined as the “12 o’clock” position (middle position) when the patient was in supine position. After exposure of the acetabulum, a retractor was sequentially placed at the ten, 11, 12, one, and two o’clock positions (right hip; from superior to inferior positions). Action potentials in the femoral nerve were monitored with each placement, and the incidence of positive reactions (defined as explosive, frequent, or continuous action potentials, indicating that the nerve was being compressed) were recorded as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of positive reactions caused by removing the femoral head, and by placing a retractor during femoral exposure; and the incidence of femoral nerve palsy, as detected using manual testing of the strength of the quadriceps muscle. Results Positive reactions were significantly less frequent when the retractor was placed at the ten (15/94; 16.0%), 11 (12/94; 12.8%), or 12 o’clock positions (19/94; 20.2%), than at the one (37/94; 39.4%) or two o’clock positions (39/94; 41.5%) (p < 0.050). Positive reactions also occurred when the femoral head was removed (28/94; 29.8%), and when a retractor was placed around the proximal femur (34/94; 36.2%) or medial femur (27/94; 28.7%) during femoral exposure. After surgery, no patient had reduced strength in the quadriceps muscle. Conclusion Placing the anterior acetabular retractor at the one or two o’clock positions (right hip; inferior positions) during THA-DAA can increase the rate of electromyographic signal changes in the femoral nerve. Thus, placing a retractor in these positions may increased the risk of the development of a femoral nerve palsy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):193–199.
Assessment of independent comorbidities and comorbidity measures in predicting healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection in Kenya
Authors: Mutai Winnie C. , Mureithi Marianne , Anzala Omu , Kullin Brian , Ofwete Robert , Kyany’ a Cecilia , Odoyo Erick , Musila Lillian , Revathi Gunturu 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Clostridioides difficile is primarily associated with hospital-acquired diarrhoea. The disease burden is aggravated in patients with comorbidities due to increased likelihood of polypharmacy, extended hospital stays and compromised immunity. The study aimed to investigate comorbidity predictors of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection (HO-CDI) in hospitalized patients.

Methodology
We performed a cross sectional study of 333 patients who developed diarrhoea during hospitalization. The patients were tested for CDI. Data on demographics, admission information, medication exposure and comorbidities were collected. The comorbidities were also categorised according to Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Comorbidity predictors of HO-CDI were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results
Overall, 230/333 (69%) patients had comorbidities, with the highest proportion being in patients aged over 60 years. Among the patients diagnosed with HO-CDI, 63/71(88.7%) reported comorbidities. Pairwise comparison between HO-CDI patients and comparison group revealed significant differences in hypertension, anemia, tuberculosis, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the multiple logistic regression model significant predictors were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio [OR], 9.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–50.1), diabetes (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.11–11.38), chronic kidney disease (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.57–9.62), anemia (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.61–8.34) and hypertension (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.–6.07). Among the comorbidity scores, CCI score of 2 (OR 6.67; 95% CI, 2.07–21.48), and ECI scores of 1 (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.72–9.65), 2 (OR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.03–7.89), and ≥ 3 (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.40–16.92) were significantly associated with higher odds of developing HO-CDI.

Conclusion
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, anemia, diabetes, and hypertension were associated with an increased risk of developing HO-CDI. Besides, ECI proved to be a better predictor for HO-CDI. Therefore, it is imperative that hospitals should capitalize on targeted preventive approaches in patients with these underlying conditions to reduce the risk of developing HO-CDI and limit potential exposure to other patients.
Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Amazonia, French Guiana, 2018
Authors: Menu Estelle , Mosnier Emilie , Cotrel Arnaud , Favennec Loic , Razakandrainibe Romy , Valot Stéphane , Blanchet Denis , Dalle Frédéric , Costa Damien , Gaillet Mélanie , Demar Magalie , de Laval Franck 
Published: January 2022

Background
Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in South America are poorly documented. In March 2018, 51 cases of cryptosporidiosis were reported in Maripasoula, a village located in a remote forest area along the border between Surinam and French Guiana.

Method
To identify the origin of the epidemic, we performed epidemiological, microbiological, and environmental investigations. Only the cases involving diarrhoea and Cryptosporidium-positive stool were considered as bona fide, while cases involving diarrhoea and close contact with a confirmed case were classified as “possible”.

Results
We identified 16 confirmed cases and 35 possible ones. Confirmed cases comprised nine children (median age of 18 months, range: 6–21), one immunocompromised adult and six soldiers. One child required a hospitalisation for rehydration. All 16 Cryptosporidium stools were PCR positive, and sequencing of the gp60 gene confirmed only one Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2. Tap water consumption was the only common risk factor identified. Contamination of the water network with Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA19G2 was found.

Conclusion
Water quality is a major public health issue in Amazonian French Guiana, especially for population at risk (children, people with comorbidity, travelers). For them, alternative water supply or treatment should be implemented.
Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells ameliorates Echinococcus multilocularis-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Yang Ning , Ma Wenmei , Ke Ying , Liu Hui , Chu Jin , Sun Li , Lü Guodong , Bi Xiaojuan , Lin Renyong 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) can cause severe liver fibrosis and could be fatal if left untreated. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options for AE-induced liver fibrosis. In view of the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), we investigated whether ADSCs transplantation has the ability to control or reverse fibrosis progression in the liver ofEchinococcus multilocularis(E.multilocularis) infected mice.Methodology/Principal findingsC57BL/6 mice infected withE.multilocularisthrough portal vein inoculation were intravenously injected with ADSCs isolated from inguinal adipose tissues of 6–8 weeks old mice. Histopathological analysis including heamatoxylin & eosin staining as well as Masson’s trichrome staining, and Sirius red staining were performed to access the degree of liver fibrosis. Histopathological examination 30 days after ADSCs transplantation revealed that ADSCs significantly decreased the degree of liver fibrosis inE.multilocularisinfected mice by inhibiting the expressions of α-SMA and type 1 collagen deposition. In addition, compared to the non-transplanted group, ADSCs transplantation reduced fibrotic areas inE.multilocularisinfected mice. We also found that ADSCs transplantation significantly down-regulated TGF-β1 and TGF-βR expressions, while up-regulating Smad7 expression in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.ConclusionsADSCs can alleviateEchinococcus multilocularisinfection-induced liver fibrosis by modulating the activity level of the TGF-β/Smad7 signaling pathway and provide a potential therapeutic approach forE.multilocularis-induced fibrosis.
A scoping review of measurement of violence against women and disability
Authors: Meyer Sarah R. , Stöckl Heidi , Vorfeld Cecilia , Kamenov Kaloyan , García-Moreno Claudia 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionExisting evidence indicates that prevalence of violence against women with disability is elevated compared to women without disability. We conducted a scoping review with a focus on measurement to assess the forms of measurement and study design utilized to explore the intersection of violence against women with disabilities, and to identify strengths and limitations in current approaches to measuring violence against women with disabilities. This scoping review is designed to inform current debates and discussions regarding how to generate evidence concerning violence against women with disabilities.Methods and resultsWe conducted systematic searches of the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, PILOTS, ERIC, Social Work Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Social Services Abstracts, ProQuest Criminal Justice, and Dissertations & Theses Global, and conducted structured searches of national statistics and surveys and grey literature available on-line. We identified 174 manuscripts or reports for inclusion. n = 113 manuscripts or reports utilized acts-specific measurement of violence. In terms of measurement of disability, we found that amongst the included manuscripts and reports, n = 75 utilized measures of functioning limitations (n = 20 of these were Washington Group questions), n = 15 utilized a single question approach and n = 67 defined participants in the research as having a disability based on a diagnosis or self-report of a health condition or impairment.DiscussionThis scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of measurement of violence against women with disabilities and measurement of violence within disability-focused research. We identified several important gaps in the evidence, including lack of sex and disability disaggregation, limited evidence concerning adaptation of data collection methods to ensure accessibility of research activities for women with disabilities, and limited evidence concerning differential relationships between types of disability and violence exposure. This scoping review provides directions for sub-analyses of the included studies and further research to address gaps in evidence.
Is it possible to model the impact of calorie-reduction interventions on childhood obesity at a population level and across the range of deprivation: Evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Russell Simon J. , Hope Steven , Croker Helen , Packer Jessica , Viner Russell M. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Simulated interventions using observational data have the potential to inform policy and public health interventions where randomised controlled trials are not feasible. National childhood obesity policy is one such area. Overweight and obesity are primarily caused by energy-rich and low-nutrient diets that contribute to a positive net energy imbalance. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we investigated whether causal modelling techniques could be applied to simulate the potential impact of policy-relevant calorie-reduction interventions on population prevalence and inequalities in obesity in childhood.

Methods
Predicted probabilities of obesity at age 11 (UK90 cut offs) were estimated from logistic marginal structural models (MSM) accounting for observed calorie consumption at age 7 and confounding, overall and by maternal occupational social class. A series of population intervention scenarios were modelled to simulate daily calorie-reduction interventions that differed in effectiveness, targeting mechanism and programme uptake level.

Results
The estimated effect of maternal social class on obesity after accounting for confounding and observed calorie intake was provided by the controlled direct effect (CDE), in which, 18.3% of children were living with obesity at age 11 years,. A universal simulation to lower median intake to the estimated average requirement (EAR) (a 6.1% reduction in daily calories) with 75% uptake reduced overall obesity prevalence by 0.6%; there was little impact on inequalities. A targeted intervention to limit consumption to the EAR for children with above average intake reduced population obesity prevalence at 11 years by 1.5% but inequalities remained broadly unchanged. A targeted intervention for children of low-income families reduced prevalence by 0.7% and was found to slightly reduce inequalities.

Conclusions
MSMs allow estimation of effects of simulated calorie-reduction interventions on childhood obesity prevalence and inequalities, although estimates are limited by the accuracy of reported calorie intake. Further work is needed to understand causal pathways and opportunities for intervention. Nevertheless, simulated intervention techniques have promise for informing national policy where experimental data are not available.
Current e-cigarette use among in-school adolescents in West Malaysia: Examining the interactions between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk behaviours
Authors: Jane Ling Miaw Yn , Ahmad Norfazilah , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Lim Kuang Hock 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAdolescent e-cigarette use has increased dramatically. Most e-cigarette liquids contain nicotine, which can harm the developing adolescent brain. Local studies examining the risk factors of adolescent e-cigarette use and interactions between its risk factors are limited. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of current e-cigarette use and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in West Malaysia. We also examined the possible sociodemographic characteristic, lifestyle risk behaviour and parental factor interactions that affect the probability of current e-cigarette use.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017. Respondents aged 13–18 years were included in the study. The data were analysed using STATA (v.15).ResultsThe prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 9.1%. Male gender, older age, Malay ethnicity, schooling in urban area, current smoking, current alcohol use, current drug use, having parents that are not married and living together and parental tobacco product use were significantly associated with current e-cigarette use. There were significant interactions between: i) gender with age, ethnicity, current smoking, current alcohol use and current drug use, ii) ethnicity with current smoking and current alcohol use, iii) locality with ethnicity, current smoking and current alcohol use, iv) current drug use with age, ethnicity, current smoking and current alcohol use, v) parental marital status with gender, age and ethnicity, and vi) parental tobacco use with ethnicity and current smoking.ConclusionOur findings identify significant associations between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk behaviours and parental factors with current e-cigarette use. They also provide new insight into the interactions between these factors that affect the probability of current e-cigarette use among West Malaysian adolescents. Efforts to tackle e-cigarette use in Malaysian adolescents should target sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk behaviours and parental factors such as smoking cessation intervention for parents.
Hassan Fathy: An Architectural Life, Ed. Leïla El-Wakil (2018)
Authors: Demchenko Igor 
Published: January 2022

Review of: Hassan Fathy: An Architectural Life, Ed. Leïla El-Wakil (2018)
Cairo and New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 416 pp., 325 colour illus.,
ISBN: 9789774167898 (hardback), $95
Online vagy sem - mitől függhet a jövő?
Authors: Dombi Judit , Sipos Norbert , Vörös Zoltán , Egervári Dóra , Simon Krisztián , Fodorné Tóth Krisztina , Ambrus Attila József 
Published: January 2022

A COVID-19 járvány gyors terjedése miatt 2020 tavaszán a magyar
felsőoktatás egyik napról a másikra kényszerült a digitális munkarendben
való oktatásra váltani. A hirtelen kialakult helyzet a felsőoktatás minden
résztvevőjét – hallgatókat, oktatókat, adminisztrátorokat, intézményi
apparátust – felkészületlenül érte. A témában jelenleg elérhető kutatások
eredményei ellentmondásos hallgatói attitűdökre hívják fel a figyelmet: Bár
sokan elégedetlenek voltak az online oktatás bizonyos aspektusaival,
meghatározó az a vélemény is, mely szerint a hallgatók számára vonzó
lehetőségeket is rejt magában (vö. pl. Asztalos és mtsai, 2021; Fajt és
mtsai, 2021; Grajczjár és mtsai, 2021; HÖOK, 2020). Jelen tanulmányunkban
egy átfogó, nagymintás (n = 2999) felmérés során gyűjtött adatok egy
részének elemzésével nem csak arra keressük a választ, hogy mit
tapasztaltak a Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatói az online oktatás során,
hanem előre tekintve azt is vizsgáljuk, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben inkább
online, vagy inkább jelenléti oktatást választanának. Logikus regressziós
módszerrel azonosítjuk azokat a változókat, amelyek nagy eséllyel
befolyásolhatják a hallgatók jövőbeni tanulási preferenciáit. Az eredmények
alapján elmondható, hogy a képzési terület, a tagozat és a finanszírozási
forma befolyásolhatják azt, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben milyen eséllyel
választanák az online oktatást. A tanulmány intézmények számára
hasznosítható következtetésekkel és implikációkkal zárul. Jelen
tanulmányunkban egy átfogó, nagymintás (n=2 999) felmérés során gyűjtött
adatok egy részének elemzésével nem csak arra keressük a választ, hogy mit
tapasztaltak a Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatói a digitális oktatás során,
hanem előre tekintve azt is vizsgáljuk, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben inkább
online, vagy inkább jelenléti oktatást választanának. Logikus regressziós
módszerrel azonosítjuk azokat a változókat, amelyek nagy eséllyel
befolyásolhatják a hallgatók jövőbeni tanulási preferenciáit. Az eredmények
alapján elmondható, hogy a képzési terület, a tagozat és a finanszírozási
forma befolyásolhatják azt, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben milyen eséllyel
választanák az online oktatást. A tanulmány intézmények számára
hasznosítható következtetésekkel és implikációkkal zárul.
RESISTÊNCIAS POLÍTICO-EDUCACIONAIS DE GÊNEROS E SEXUALIDADES DISSIDENTES NAS OCUPAÇÕES ESCOLARES
Authors: Moresco Marcielly Cristina 
Published: January 2022

As contemporâneas pautas feministas, de gênero e de sexualidades nas instituições de educação básica superam, muitas vezes, as ações neoconservadoras e os movimentos moralistas, resultando em novos modos de agir politicamente e promovendo mudanças no convencional ambiente escolar. Esse foi um dos resultados das ocupações de escolas por estudantes em face das ameaças à educação pública e dos ataques aos sujeitos marcados pela diferença. Assim, partindo de uma pesquisa com observação-participante e entrevistas com estudantes durante as ocupações escolares do Paraná, ocorridas em 2016, este artigo apresenta algumas resistências e insurgências realizadas por corpos de gêneros e sexualidades dissidentes, com ações políticas de contestação do sistema cis-heteronormativo e a transformação, mesmo que efêmera, do espaço educacional.
Pengaruh Pasang Surut Terhadap Sebaran Material Padatan Tersuspensi di Pantai Dasun Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Handoyo Gentur , Subardjo Petrus , Kusumadewi Vemilarisa , Rochaddi Baskoro , Widada Sugeng 
Published: January 2022

Indonesia memiliki laut yang sangat luas dibandingkan dengan daratannya. Luas total wilayah Indonesia adalah 7,81 juta km2 yang terdiri dari 2,01 juta km2 daratan, 3,25 juta km2 lautan, dan 2,55 juta km2 Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE). Merupakan suatu Negara dengan luas perairan lebih besar dari pada luas daratan, maka dari itu Indonesia disebut sebagai Negara Maritim. Salah satunya dipulau jawa, tepatnya di daerah jawa tengah. Pantai Dasun terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Rembang, dimana lokasi tersebut sering dijumpai aktivitas kapal nelayan, destinasi wisata, kegiatan industri dan aliran sungai. Proses sedimen tersuspensi dipengaruhi oleh proses-proses yang terjadi di lautan seperti pasang surut dan arus. Pada saat pasang, akan menyebabkan konsentrasi material padat tersuspensi di pelabuhan tinggi. Begitu juga pada saat surut, konsentrasi material padat tersuspensi juga akan berubah lagi. Secara geografis titik lokasi penelitian berada pada posisi 6040’7,89”S - 6040’22,29”S dan 111026’21,34”E - 111026’34,45”E. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat kekeruhan perairan tersebut serta dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2018 dengan lokasi daerah pantai Dasun Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak komputer yaitu Ms Excel, Er Mapper, dan Arc GIS. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer yaitu pengamatan lokasi kekeruhan perairan, data pasang surut dan arus, sedangkan data sekundernya yaitu berupa peta rupa bumi Indonesia, data tinggi muka air laut dari satelit. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari sampel MPT terjadi kekeruhan perairan dengan tingkat sedimenasi yang cukup tinggi. Hasil regresi linier dari data pengamatan pasang surut menunjukan kenaikan sebesar 157 mg/l – 203 mg/l. Kenaikan muka air laut menyebabkan dampak sedimentasi dimuara sungai pantai Dasun Rembang.