bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Flora Mediates Antiobesity Effect of Rutin in High‐Fat‐Diet Mice
Authors: Yan Xu , Zhai Yuanyuan , Zhou Wenling , Qiao Yuan , Guan Lingling , Liu Hao , Jiang Jizhi , Peng Liang 
Published: May 2022

ScopeIntestinal flora plays a critical role in the development of . Rutin is a natural flavonoid with potential prebiotic effects on regulating the intestinal flora composition that is beneficial for host health. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that rutin supplementation has beneficial effects on high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced obesity and metabolic disorder through the modulation of intestinal flora in mice.Methods and resultsThe obesity‐alleviating property of rutin using 6‐week‐old C57BL/6J male mice fed on HFD with or without rutin supplementation for 16 weeks is investigated. Rutin supplementation effectively reduces body‐weight gain, insulin resistance, and acted favorably on the intestinal barrier, thereby reducing endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from fecal samples indicate that rutin exerted modulatory effects on HFD‐induced intestinal flora disorders (e.g., rutin decreased Firmicutes abundance and increased Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia abundance). Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation further demonstrate that the salutary effects of rutin on obesity control are strongly dependent on the intestinal flora.ConclusionRutin can be considered as a prebiotic agent for improving intestinal flora disorders and obesity‐associated metabolic perturbations in obese individuals.
Functional Fermented Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics from Non‐Dairy Products: A Perspective from Nutraceutical
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Lal Milan Kumar , Dutt Som , Raigond Pinky , Changan Sushil Sudhakar , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Chourasia Kumar Nishant , Mangal Vikas , Singh Brajesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current trend of health‐conscious consumers and healthy food habits prompts researchers to explore developing food products with synbiotic benefits. Synbiotic foods have gained popularity in recent years due to their functional, nutritional, physiological, and therapeutic characteristics. Lactose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and allergic milk proteins become the barriers in the development of dairy probiotics. The present scenario of an increase in the demand for vegetarian products leads to a rise in the consumption of non‐dairy probiotics. Prebiotics like, resistant starch, inulin, and polyphenols are selectively used by gut microbiota to enhance the selection and colonization of probiotics bacteria. Probiotic's action mechanisms include the production of bacteriocins, peptides, short‐chain fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and other metabolites. Therefore, this review article explores the alternative sources of probiotics so it will help to an understanding of non‐dairy based functional fermented foods for both pro and prebiotics. Dietary fibers in vegetables, fruits, and cereals are one of prospective prebiotics and highlighted the various methods for making non‐dairy synbiotics based on dietary fibers, such as microencapsulation, freeze‐drying, and spray drying is also addressed.
An incremental‐secant mean‐field homogenization model enhanced with a non‐associated pressure‐dependent plasticity model
Authors: Calleja Vázquez Juan Manuel , Wu Ling , Nguyen Van‐Dung , Noels Ludovic 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article introduces a, possibly damage‐enhanced, pressure‐dependent‐based incremental‐secant mean‐field homogenization (MFH) scheme for two‐phase composites. The incremental‐secant formulation consists on a fictitious unloading of the material up to a stress‐free state, in which a residual stress is attained in its phases. Then the secant method is performed in order to compute the mean stress fields of each phase. One of the main advantages of this method is the natural isotropicity of the secant tensors that allows defining the linear‐comparison‐composite (LCC). In this work, we show that this isotropic nature is preserved for a non‐associated pressure dependent plastic flow, making possible the direct definition of the LCC. This model is thus able to represent the physics of real polymeric composites. The MFH scheme is then verified by testing its prediction capabilities in several cases, including cyclic and nonproportional loading involving perfectly elastic phases, elasto‐plastic and damage‐enhanced elasto‐plastic phases in random representative volume elements (RVE) of uni‐directional (UD) composites and of composites reinforced with spherical inclusions.
Flame‐retardant polyamide 56 with high fire safety and good thermal performance
Authors: Yang Tingting , Gao Yuanbo , Liu Xiucai , Wang Xueli , Ma Bomou , He Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a recently developed biobased polyamide, polyamide 56 (PA56) has great potential in the field of fibers and textiles due to its high strength, high moisture absorption, and easy dyeing. However, the application of PA56 is restricted due to its flammability. Flame‐retardant PA56 copolymers (FRPA56s) have been designed and successfully synthesized by the introduction of 2‐carboxyethyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid (CEPPA) monomer. The thermal properties and thermal stability of FRPA56s have been evaluated using DSC and TGA, respectively. The flammability behavior of the resultant copolymer has been investigated using UL94 vertical burning and cone calorimetry tests. The crystallization temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallinity (Xc) of FRPA56s are reduced and the degradation pathway for PA56 is changed with the introduction of CEPPA. In addition, FRPA56 containing 7.8 mol% CEPPA may be characterized by a V‐0 rating in the UL94 vertical burning test and its total heat release is reduced 20% than that of PA56, reflecting the high flame‐retardant efficiency of CEPPA. Based on the analysis of the residual char and the gas‐phase pyrolysis products for combustion of FRPA56s, it is concluded that the flame‐retardant modes of action for this material mainly include flame inhibition, dilution effect and charring.
Investigation of 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane for direct deposition of thin films containing primary amine groups by open‐air plasma jets
Authors: Morand Gabriel , Guyon Cédric , Chevallier Pascale , Saget Manon , Semetey Vincent , Mantovani Diego , Tatoulian Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpen‐air plasma jets are becoming increasingly popular due to easy and affordable large‐scale coating deposition on diverse substrates. However, direct deposition of primary amine groups (NH2), which are attractive as covalent anchor points for molecule grafting, remains challenging. In this study, 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) has been directly polymerized on glass by a plasma jet. Quantification of NH2 showed that APTMS polymerization and NH2 degradation were correlated with Yasuda's parameter and that a compromise between NH2 retention and coating stability is required. Evaporation of APTMS was found to improve surface smoothness and homogeneity but was found to decrease the deposited NH2 concentration, from 3.7 ± 1.3 NH2/nm2 to three times lower. Results showed that deposited NH2 could be used as anchor points for polyethylene glycol chain immobilization.
Segmentation of vegetation and microplots in aerial agriculture images: A survey
Authors: Mardanisamani Sara , Eramian Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBecause of the increasing global population, changing climate, and consumer demands for safe, environmentally friendly, and high‐quality food, plant breeders strive for higher yield cultivars by monitoring specific plant phenotypes. Developing new crop cultivars and monitoring through current methods is time‐consuming, sometimes subjective, and based on subsampling of microplots. High‐throughput phenotyping using unmanned aerial vehicle‐acquired aerial orthomosaic images of breeding trials improves and simplifies this labor‐intensive process. To perform per‐microplot phenotype analysis from such imagery, it is necessary to identify and localize individual microplots in the orthomosaics. This paper reviews the key concepts of recent studies and possible future developments regarding vegetation segmentation and microplot segmentation. The studies are presented in two main categories: (a) general vegetation segmentation using vegetation‐index‐based thresholding, learning‐based, and deep‐learning‐based methods; and (b) microplot segmentation based on machine learning and image processing methods. In this study, we performed a literature review to extract the algorithms that have been developed in vegetation and microplots segmentation studies. Based on our search criteria, we retrieved 92 relevant studies from five electronic databases. We investigated these selected studies carefully, summarized the methods, and provided some suggestions for future research.
Poor early childhood growth is associated with impaired lung function: Evidence from a Ghanaian pregnancy cohort
Authors: Kaali Seyram , Jack Darby W. , Prah Rebecca K. D. , Chillrud Steven N. , Mujtaba Mohammed N. , Kinney Patrick L. , Tawiah Theresa , Yang Qiang , Oppong Felix B. , Gould Carlos F. , Osei Musah , Wylie Blair J. , Agyei Oscar , Perzanowski Matthew S. , Asante Kwaku Poku , Lee Alison G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesNearly 40% of African children under 5 are stunted. We leveraged the Ghana randomized air pollution and health study (GRAPHS) cohort to examine whether poorer growth was associated with worse childhood lung function.Study DesignGRAPHS measured infant weight and length at birth and 3, 6, 9,12 months, and 4 years of age. At age 4 years, n = 567 children performed impulse oscillometry. We employed multivariable linear regression to estimate associations between birth and age 4 years anthropometry and lung function. Next, we employed latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to generate growth trajectories through age 4 years. We employed linear regression to examine associations between growth trajectory assignment and lung function.ResultsBirth weight and age 4 weight‐for‐age and height‐for‐age z‐scores were inversely associated with airway resistance (e.g., R5, or total airway resistance: birth weight β = −0.90 cmH2O/L/s, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.64, −0.16 per 1 kg increase; and R20, or large airway resistance: age 4 height‐for‐age β = −0.40 cmH2O/L/s, 95% CI: −0.57, −0.22 per 1 unit z‐score increase). Impaired growth trajectories identified through LCGA were associated with higher airway resistance, even after adjusting for age 4 body mass index. For example, children assigned to a persistently stunted trajectory had higher R5 (β = 2.71 cmH2O/L/s, 95% CI: 1.07, 4.34) and R20 (β = 1.43 cmH2O/L/s, 95% CI: 0.51, 2.36) as compared to normal.ConclusionChildren with poorer anthropometrics through to age 4 years had higher airway resistance in early childhood. These findings have implications for lifelong lung health, including pneumonia risk in childhood and reduced maximally attainable lung function in adulthood.
Time Resolved‐Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer platform for quantitative nucleosome binding and footprinting
Authors: Wesley Nathaniel A. , Skrajna Aleksandra , Simmons Holly C. , Budziszewski Gabrielle R. , Azzam Dalal N. , Cesmat Andrew P. , McGinty Robert K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantitative analysis of chromatin protein–nucleosome interactions is essential to understand regulation of genome‐templated processes. However, current methods to measure nucleosome interactions are limited by low throughput, low signal‐to‐noise, and/or the requirement for specialized instrumentation. Here, we report a Lanthanide Chelate Excite Time‐Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LANCE TR‐FRET) assay to efficiently quantify chromatin protein–nucleosome interactions. The system makes use of commercially available reagents, offers robust signal‐to‐noise with minimal sample requirements, uses a conventional fluorescence microplate reader, and can be adapted for high‐throughput workflows. We determined the nucleosome‐binding affinities of several chromatin proteins and complexes, which are consistent with measurements obtained through orthogonal biophysical methods. We also developed a TR‐FRET competition assay for high‐resolution footprinting of chromatin protein–nucleosome interactions. Finally, we set up a TR‐FRET competition assay using the LANA peptide to quantitate nucleosome acidic patch binding. We applied this assay to establish a proof‐of‐principle for regulation of nucleosome acidic patch binding by methylation of chromatin protein arginine anchors. Overall, our TR‐FRET assays allow facile, high‐throughput quantification of chromatin interactions and are poised to complement mechanistic chromatin biochemistry, structural biology, and drug discovery programs.
Polydatin as a therapeutic alternative for central nervous system disorders: A systematic review of animal studies
Authors: Schimith Lucia E. , dos Santos Michele G. , Arbo Bruno D. , André‐Miral Corinne , Muccillo‐Baisch Ana L. , Hort Mariana A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolydatin, or piceid, is a natural stilbene found in grapes, peanuts, and wines. Polydatin presents pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective properties, exerting preventive and/or therapeutic effects in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In the present study, we summarize and discuss the neuroprotective effects of polydatin in CNS disorders and related pathological conditions in preclinical animal studies. A systematic review was performed by searching online databases, returning a total of 110 records, where 27 articles were selected and discussed here. The included studies showed neuroprotective effects of polydatin in experimental models of neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular disorders, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injuries, diabetic neuropathy, glioblastoma, and neurotoxicity induced by chemical agents. Most studies were focused on stroke (22.2%) and conducted in male rodents. The intervention protocol with polydatin was mainly acute (66.7%), with postdamage induction treatment being the most commonly used regimen (55.2%). Overall, polydatin ameliorated behavioral dysfunctions and/or promoted neurological function by virtue of its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. In summary, this review offers important scientific evidence for the neuroprotective effects and distinct pharmacological mechanisms of polydatin that not only enhances the present understanding but is also useful for the development of future preclinical and clinical investigations.
Formation of maritime convergence zones within cold air outbreaks due to the shape of the coastline or sea ice edge
Authors: Watanabe Shun‐ichi I. , Niino Hiroshi , Spengler Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaritime cold air outbreaks often feature convergence zones that provide a conducive environment for the development of polar mesoscale cyclones and polar lows. This study examines the formation mechanisms of these convergence zones in cold air outbreaks downstream of a coastline or sea‐ice edge. A simplified configuration in which the coastline or sea‐ice edge is approximated by a line featuring a bend with an angle is examined using analytic solutions and idealised numerical simulations. The bend of the coastline causes differences in the fetch over which air parcels travel, causing a warm wedge of air downstream of the bend due to differential airmass transformations. The warm wedge is associated with a pressure trough that leads to convergence in the presence of surface friction. The analytic model captures this mechanism and compares well with the idealised numerical simulations. Condensational heating associated with moist convection enhances vertical motions and thus intensifies the horizontal convergence. The idealised numerical simulations also reproduce an asymmetry in the vertical shear of the horizontal wind across the convergence zone, which explains the transverse cloud streets downstream to the left of the convergence zone.
Value‐iteration‐based affine nonlinear optimal control involving admissibility discussion
Authors: Wang Ding , Ren Jin , Ha Mingming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, the admissibility analysis of the value‐iteration‐based control policy is investigated for affine nonlinear dynamics. First, a series of admissible control criteria are discussed for nonlinear and linear systems. With the help of these criteria, it is more convenient to determine whether an iterative control policy is admissible or not compared with the previous work. Second, once the iterative control policy is established to be admissible by the criteria, the stability of the closed‐loop systems using the control law can be guaranteed. In addition, under certain conditions, the admissibility and asymptotic stability similar to policy iteration can be obtained. Finally, two numerical examples with the physical background are afforded to validate the effectiveness of presented theoretical results.
Trajectory tracking for quadrotors: An optimization‐based planning followed by controlling approach
Authors: Kulathunga Geesara , Devitt Dmitry , Klimchik Alexandr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present an optimization‐based reference trajectory tracking method for quadrotor robots for slow‐speed maneuvers. The proposed method uses planning followed by the controlling paradigm. The basic concept of the proposed method is an analogy with linear quadratic Gaussian in which nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is employed for predicting optimal control policy in each iteration. Multiple‐shooting is suggested over direct‐collocation for imposing constraints when modeling the NMPC. Incremental Euclidean distance transformation map is constructed for obtaining the closest free distances relative to the predicted trajectory; these distances are considered obstacle constraints. The reference trajectory is generated ensuring dynamic feasibility. The objective is to minimize the error between the quadrotor's current pose and the desired reference trajectory pose in each iteration. Finally, we compared the proposed method with two other approaches and showed that the proposed method outperforms the said approaches in terms of reaching the goal without any collision. Additionally, we published a new data set that can be used for evaluating the performance of trajectory tracking algorithms.
Pattern‐orientedanalysis of system dynamics models via random forests
Authors: Edali Mert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSystem dynamics (SD) modeling studies aim to reveal the causes of problematic dynamic behaviors and eliminate them through policy design and analysis. The analyst conducts sensitivity/scenario analyses and what‐if experiments to reveal the input–output relationships during modeling. However, during these analyses and investigations, the identification of input‐parameter spaces that cause the generation of different SD model behavior patterns is time consuming and susceptible to human bias. Therefore, we propose a metamodel‐based procedure for SD models that considers the necessity for unbiased and automated analysis and insight generation. The approach uses the random forest algorithm for metamodel generation and extracts interpretable IF–THEN rules from the metamodel, thereby identifying input subspaces that generate different qualitative or numerical SD model outputs. We illustrate the proposed approach using two well‐established SD models. These case studies reveal how the model analyst can utilize the proposed method to capture input–output relationships. © 2022 System Dynamics Society.
Breakthrough invention and problem complexity: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryProblem formulation is central to recombinant invention, and problem complexity particularly shapes the process and outcome of knowledge recombination. However, research on the antecedents of problem complexity remains limited. This study examines how breakthrough inventions may serve as an important antecedent of the complexity of problems formulated by individual inventors. We propose that a breakthrough invention may facilitate inventors' appreciation of novel knowledge couplings and improve their overall comprehension of knowledge interdependence for problem formulation, thus increasing problem complexity. We further argue that inventors' prior search breadth and experimentation strengthen the above effect. By exploiting the unexpected victory of AlphaGo and tracking the questions posted on StackOverflow.com by developers interested in deep learning, we find empirical evidence that supports our hypotheses.Managerial SummaryBecause formulating complex problems may result in novel and valuable inventions, it is helpful to understand what drives inventors to formulate problems of higher complexity. In this study, we propose that breakthrough inventions can serve as an important antecedent of problem complexity. In the context of deep learning, we find that developers formulate problems of higher complexity after the unexpected victory of AlphaGo, a widely acknowledged inventive breakthrough. Further, the above effect is more pronounced when developers have broad search experience in the past or engage frequently in experimentation. The insights of this study are not only relevant to managerial practices within the dynamic field of deep learning but also generalizable to broader technological contexts with breakthrough inventions.
How do managers evaluate individual contributions to team production? A theory and empirical test
Authors: Uribe Jose , Carnahan Seth , Meluso John , Austin‐Breneman Jesse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryOrganizations rely on subjective evaluations to reward employees for team‐based performance. However, it is unclear how supervisors determine individuals' contributions to collective output. We theorize that supervisors rely on the covariance between employees' presence and their teams' productivity. If teams are more productive when an employee is present, the supervisor may infer a greater contribution from the employee. Using data from a manufacturing firm, we find that covariation between an employee's presence and her team's output has a positive effect on her evaluation. This relationship is stronger when supervisors have more opportunities to observe an employee across various teams and when the employee has more authority to direct team production, supporting counterfactual information as an important component of evaluations for individuals engaged in team production.Managerial SummaryIt is notoriously difficult to evaluate the individual performance of employees when the only available metric is team‐based output. We suggest that supervisors help solve this problem by observing how team output correlates with changes in team membership. We construct a measure of the covariance between an employee's presence in a team and the team's productivity, and find a positive relationship between this measure and the employee's annual subjective performance evaluation. Our results indicate that subjective evaluations reflect individual contributions to team production fairly well for employees who (a) have sufficient authority to direct team production and (b) are frequently rotated beyond a single team. We discuss what kinds of organizations might benefit from this measure as an input to their performance evaluation processes.