bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco
Authors: Gürtler Ricardo Esteban , Laiño Mariano Alberto , Alvedro Alejandra , Enriquez Gustavo Fabián , Macchiaverna Natalia Paula , Gaspe María Sol , Cardinal Marta Victoria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Triatomine elimination efforts and the interruption of domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi are hampered by pyrethroid resistance. Fluralaner, a long-lasting ectoparasiticide administered to dogs, substantially reduced site infestation and abundance of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans Klug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in an ongoing 10-month trial in Castelli (Chaco Province, Argentina). We assessed the effects of fluralaner on vector infection with T. cruzi and blood meal sources stratified by ecotope and quantified its medium-term effects on site infestation and triatomine abundance.

Methods
We conducted a placebo-controlled, before-and-after efficacy trial of fluralaner in 28 infested sites over a 22-month period. All dogs received either an oral dose of fluralaner (treated group) or placebo (control group) at 0 month post-treatment [MPT]. Placebo-treated dogs were rescue-treated with fluralaner at 1 MPT, as were all eligible dogs at 7 MPT. Site-level infestation and abundance were periodically assessed by timed manual searches with a dislodging aerosol. Vector infection was mainly determined by kDNA-PCR and blood meal sources were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
In fluralaner-treated households, site infestation dropped from 100% at 0 MPT to 18–19% over the period 6–22 MPT while mean abundance plummeted from 5.5 to 0.6 triatomines per unit effort. In control households, infestation dropped similarly post-treatment. The overall prevalence of T. cruzi infection steadily decreased from 13.8% at 0–1 MPT (baseline) to 6.4% and subsequently 2.3% thereafter, while in domiciles, kitchens and storerooms it dropped from 17.4% to 4.7% and subsequently 3.3% thereafter. Most infected triatomines occurred in domiciles and had fed on humans. Infected-bug abundance plummeted after fluralaner treatment and remained marginal or nil thereafter. The human blood index of triatomines collected in domiciles, kitchens and storerooms highly significantly fell from 42.9% at baseline to 5.3–9.1% over the period 6–10 MPT, increasing to 36.8% at 22 MPT. Dog blood meals occurred before fluralaner administration only. The cat blood index increased from 9.9% at baseline to 57.9–72.7% over the period 6–10 MPT and dropped to 5.3% at 22 MPT, whereas chicken blood meals rose from 39.6% to 63.2–88.6%.

Conclusion
Fluralaner severely impacted infestation- and transmission-related indices over nearly 2 years, causing evident effects at 1 MPT, and deserves larger efficacy trials.

Graphical Abstract
TSG-6 released from adipose stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicle protects against spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Lu Xiao , Lv Chengtang , Zhao Yuechao , Wang Yufei , Li Yao , Ji Chengyue , Wang Zhuanghui , Ye Wu , Yu Shunzhi , Bai Jianling , Cai Weihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI) is a complication of aortic aneurysm repair or spinal cord surgery that is associated with permanent neurological deficits. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been shown to be potential therapeutic options for improving motor functions after SCIRI. Due to their easy access and multi-directional differentiation potential, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are preferable for this application. However, the effects of ADSC-derived sEVs (ADSC-sEVs) on SCIRI have not been reported.ResultsWe found that ADSC-sEVs inhibited SCIRI-induced neuronal apoptosis, degradation of tight junction proteins and suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, in the presence of the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin, its anti-apoptotic and blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) protective effects were significantly reversed. We found that ADSC-sEVs contain tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) whose overexpression inhibited ER stress in vivo by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.ConclusionsADSC-sEVs inhibit neuronal apoptosis and BSCB disruption in SCIRI by transmitting TSG-6, which suppresses ER stress by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Lipid metabolism and storage in neuroglia: role in brain development and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Yang Danying , Wang Xifeng , Zhang Lieliang , Fang Yang , Zheng Qingcui , Liu Xing , Yu Wen , Chen Shoulin , Ying Jun , Hua Fuzhou 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe importance of neuroglia in maintaining normal brain function under physiological and pathological conditions has been supported by growing evidence in recent years. The most important issues regarding glial metabolism and function include the cooperation between glial populations and neurons, morphological and functional changes in pathological states, and the role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Although lipid accumulation and further lipid droplet production in neurodegenerative disease brain models have been observed for a long time, the dynamic development of brain lipid droplet research in recent years suggests its role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases was previously underestimated. First recognized as organelles of lipid storage, lipid droplets (LDs) have emerged as an important organelle in metabolic diseases, inflammation, and host defense. Dynamic changes in lipid metabolism within neurons and glial cells resulting in lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation are present in brain models of various neurodegenerative diseases, yet their role in the brain remains largely unexplored. This paper first reviews the metabolism and accumulation of several major lipids in the brain and discusses the regulation of lipid accumulation in different types of brain cells. We explore the potential role of intracellular lipid accumulation in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, starting from lipid metabolism and LDs biogenesis in glial cells, and discuss several pathological factors that promote lipid droplet formation, mainly focusing on oxidative stress, energy metabolism and glial cell-neuron coupling, which are closely related to the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the directions and challenges of intracellular lipid metabolism in glial cells in neurodegeneration are discussed.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key role of histone deacetylation via mediating different phytohormone signalings in fiber initiation of cotton
Authors: Wei Zhenzhen , Li Yonghui , Ali Faiza , Wang Ye , Liu Jisheng , Yang Zuoren , Wang Zhi , Xing Yadi , Li Fuguang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Histone deacetylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications and plays diverse roles in plant development. However, the detailed functions and mechanisms of histone deacetylation in fiber development of cotton are still unclear. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been commonly used to study the molecular mechanism underlying histone deacetylation or to facilitate disease therapy in humans through hindering the histone deacetylase catalytic activity. Trichostatin A (TSA)—the most widely used HDACi has been extensively employed to determine the role of histone deacetylation on different developmental stages of plants.

Results
Through in vitro culture of ovules, we observed that exogenous application of TSA was able to inhibit the fiber initiation development. Subsequently, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The data showed that TSA treatment resulted in 4209 differentially expressed genes, which were mostly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism pathways. The phytohormone signal transduction pathways harbor the most differentially expressed genes. Deeper studies showed that some genes promoting auxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA) signaling were down-regulated, while some genes facilitating Abscisic Acid (ABA) and inhibiting Jasmonic Acid (JA) signaling were up-regulated after the TSA treatments. Further analysis of plant hormone contents proved that TSA significantly promoted the accumulation of ABA, JA and GA3.

Conclusions
Collectively, histone deacetylation can regulate some key genes involved in different phytohormone pathways, and consequently promoting the auxin, GA, and JA signaling, whereas repressing the ABA synthesis and signaling to improve the fiber cell initiation. Moreover, the genes associated with energy metabolism, phenylpropanoid, and glutathione metabolism were also regulated by histone deacetylation. The above results provided novel clues to illuminate the underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications as well as related different phytohormones in fiber cell differentiation, which is also very valuable for the molecular breeding of higher quality cotton.
Human skin dermis-derived fibroblasts are a kind of functional mesenchymal stromal cells: judgements from surface markers, biological characteristics, to therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Tai Chenxu , Xie Zhengyao , Li Yu , Feng Yirui , Xie Yuanyuan , Yang Hui , Wang Liudi , Wang Bin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely advocated to clinical use. Human skin dermis-derived fibroblasts shared similar cellular morphology and biological characteristics to MSCs, while it still keeps elusive whether fibroblasts are functionally equivalent to MSCs for therapeutic use.

Methods
We isolated various fibroblasts derived from human foreskins (HFFs) and human double-fold eyelids (HDF) and MSCs derived from human umbilical cords (UC-MSCs), and then comprehensively investigated their similarities and differences in morphology, surface markers, immunoregulation, multilineage differentiation, transcriptome sequencing, and metabolomics, and therapeutic efficacies in treating 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis and carbontetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver fibrosis.

Results
Fibroblasts and UC-MSCs shared similar surface markers, strong multilineage differentiation capacity, ability of inhibiting Th1/Th17 differentiation and promoting Treg differentiation in vitro, great similarities in mRNA expression profile and metabolites, and nearly equivalent therapeutic efficacy on TNBS-induced colitis and CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis.

Conclusion
Human skin dermis-derived fibroblasts were a kind of functional MSCs with functionally equivalent therapeutic efficacy in treating specific complications, indicating fibroblasts potentially had the same lineage hierarchy of origin as MSCs and had a remarkable potential as an alternative to MSCs in the treatment of a variety of diseases.
Infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharides and respective marketing practices: Position Statement of the German Society for Child and Adolescent Medicine e.V. (DGKJ), Commission for Nutrition
Authors: Bührer Christoph , Ensenauer Regina , Jochum Frank , Kalhoff Hermann , Koletzko Berthold , Lawrenz Burkhard , Mihatsch Walter , Posovszky Carsten , Rudloff Silvia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman milk contains more than 150 different oligosaccharides, which together are among to the quantitatively predominant solid components of breast milk. The oligosaccharide content and composition of human milk show large inter-individual differences. Oligosaccharide content is mostly influenced by genetic variants of the mother’s secretor status. Oligosaccharides in human milk are utilized by infants’ intestinal bacteria, affecting bacterial composition and metabolic activity. Maternal secretor status, and respective differing fucosylated oligosaccharide content, has been associated both with reduced and increased risk of infection in different populations of breastfed infants, possibly due to environmental conditions and the infant’s genotype. There are no safety concerns regarding the addition of previously approved oligosaccharides to infant formula; however, no firm conclusions can be drawn about clinically relevant benefits either. Therefore, infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharide additives are currently not preferentially recommended over infant formulas without such additives. We consider the use of terms such as “human milk oligosaccharides” and corresponding abbreviations such as “HMO” in any advertising of infant formula to be an inappropriate idealization of infant formula. Manufacturers should stop this practice, and such marketing practices should be prevented by responsible supervisory authorities. Pediatricians should inform families that infant formulas supplemented with synthetic oligosaccharides do not resemble the complex oligosaccharide composition of human milk.
Assessment of the genetic variations of sago palm Metroxylon sagu in three regions of Sarawak, Malaysia using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker
Authors: Nisar Mehvish , Hussain Hasnain 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) is an important staple crop in the rural area of Sarawak, Malaysia. The palms grow well in the rough, swampy peat, from low flooded areas to uplands and acidic to neutral soils. Among the starch-producing crops, this palm is the most productive and promising, where it can store a significant amount of carbohydrate in the trunk. Due to the lack of molecular study of sago palm, the work described here aimed to develop molecular markers for identifying M. sagu and accessing the genetic variations of sago palm in different locations of Sarawak.

Results
Amplified fragment length polymorphism was employed to determine the genetic variations of sago palm between fifteen populations collected from three different locations: Mukah, Pusa and Samarahan. Based on 35,016 polymorphic fragments generated from 32 primer combinations, polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP) averaged 0.269, 0.005157 and 51.52039 per primer combination, respectively, were obtained, signifying the effectiveness and accuracy of the AFLP marker. Mukah showed higher diversity (I = 0.428, H = 0.232), while Pusa showed the lowest (I = 0.367, H = 0.240). The average value of the Shannon information index was 0.404. AMOVA showed 99% of the variation was found within the population. The Mantel test was performed with 9999 permutations. A significantly positive correlation (r = 0.220, p = 0.010) was observed between the genetic divergence of the population (Nei genetic distance) with the geographical distance.

Conclusions
Our study considered AFLP is as an effective and reliable method to assess the genetic variations and the identification of M. sagu.

Graphical Abstract
Echocardiographic description and outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort of patients undergoing mitral valve surgery with and without mitral annular disjunction: a health service evaluation
Authors: Bennett Sadie , Tafuro Jacopo , Brumpton Marcus , Bardolia Caragh , Heatlie Grant , Duckett Simon , Ridley Paul , Nanjaiah Prakash , Kwok Chun Shing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality characterized by the distinct separation of the mitral valve annulus/left atrium wall and myocardium. Little is known about the significance of MAD in patients requiring mitral valve surgery. This evaluation evaluates the echocardiographic characteristics and patient outcomes for patients with and without MAD who require mitral valve surgery.

Methods
All patients who underwent mitral valve surgery and who had a pre-surgical transthoracic echocardiogram between 2013 and 2020 were included. Patient demographics and clinical outcomes were collected on review of patient electronic records.

Results
A total of 185 patients were included in the analysis of which 32.4% had MAD (average MAD length 8.4 mm). MAD was seen most commonly in patients with mitral valve prolapse and myxomatous mitral valves disease (90% and 60% respectively). In the patients with MAD prior to mitral valve surgery, only 3.9% had MAD post mitral valve surgery. There were no significant difference in the severity of post-operative mitral regurgitation, arrhythmic events or major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with and without MAD.

Conclusions
MAD is common in patients who undergo mitral valve surgery. Current surgical techniques are able to correct the MAD abnormality in the vast majority of patients. MAD is not associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes post mitral valve surgery.
Idiopathic Spinal Subarachnoid and Subdural Hemorrhage in a Patient With Eosinophilic Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis
Authors: Smith William J. , Kanter John H. , Jaleel Naser , Aronson Joshua P. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Development of concomitant spontaneous subdural hematoma (SSDH) and spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) in the spine without inciting trauma, iatrogenic event, or underlying cerebrovascular malformation is rare. It is rarer still for these to present in a patient with eosinophilic granulomatosus with polyangiitis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
Herein, we present the case of a 73-year-old woman with a complex medical history, including possible eosinophilic granulomatosus with polyangiitis, who was admitted to the medical intensive care unit at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and was found to have concominant SSAH and SSDH.

CONCLUSION:
This case serves as a review of the common and uncommon symptoms of IS-SAH with SSDH to improve recognition of this acute neurosurgical emergency in the medical intensive care setting.
Patterns of single limb forces during terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in rosy-faced lovebirds (Psittaciformes: Agapornis roseicollis)
Authors: Young Melody W. , Lynch Samantha K. , Dickinson Edwin , Currier Allen A. , Davoli Elizabeth C. , Hanna Christopher S. , Fischer Hannah M. , DiUbaldi Gianluca A. , Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The biomechanical demands of arboreal locomotion are generally thought to necessitate specialized kinetic and kinematic gait characteristics. While such data have been widely collected across arboreal quadrupeds, no study has yet explored how arboreal substrates influence the locomotor behavior of birds. Parrots – an ancient arboreal lineage that exhibit numerous anatomical specializations towards life in the trees – represent an ideal model group within which to examine this relationship. Here, we quantifiy limb loading patterns within the rosy-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) across a range of experimental conditions to define the circumstances under which arboreal gaits are triggered, and how, during arboreal walking, gait patterns change across substrates of varying diameter. In so doing, we address longstanding questions as to how the challenges associated with arboreality affect gait parameters. Arboreal locomotion was associated with the adoption of a sidling gait, which was employed exclusively on the small and medium diameter poles but not terrestrially. When sidling, the hindlimbs are decoupled into a distinct leading limb (which imparts exclusively braking forces) and trailing limb (which generates only propulsive forces). Sidling was also associated with relatively low pitching forces, even on the smallest substrate. Indeed, these forces were significantly lower than mediolateral forces experienced during striding on terrestrial and large diameter substrates. We propose that the adoption of sidling gaits is a consequence of avian foot morphology and represents a novel form of arboreal locomotion where inversion/eversion is impossible. Such movement mechanics is likely widespread among avian taxa and may also typify patterns of arboreal locomotion in humans.
Records of antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Mardiyan Kurniawati Eighty , Rahmawati Nur Anisah 
Published: July 2022

Background: Breast milk is a critical element in developing a baby's immunity through immune transfer. Antibodies are an essential unit of immunity against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This paper explores antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Duration of antibody appearance was studied to determine the adequate time in transferring antibodies by breastfeeding. Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were used as sources of articles. Inclusion criteria applied in selecting articles were prospective observational study or experimental design study in English, evaluating antibodies in breast milk, and conducted between 2019–2021. Article quality and risk of bias were assessed with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The data found were synthesized in a narrative manner. Results: This systematic review included 20 articles. A total of 306 postpartum women who were infected with COVID-19, 20 postpartum women who had viral symptoms and 495 postpartum women who had been vaccinated were studied. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were found in the breast milk of infected and vaccinated postpartum women. SARS CoV-2 infection is associated with the presence of IgA dominant, whereas vaccination is related to the presence of IgG dominant. Antibodies persisted from day 10 of onset to 10 months in infected postpartum women and started from three days to six weeks in vaccinated postpartum women. Meta-analysis could not be carried out due to the variety of articles. Conclusions: Antibodies found in breast milk in infected and vaccinated postpartum women have different dominant types. Further research needs to be done regarding the mechanism of antibody transfer in breast milk, longer research duration and studies that directly examine the comparison of antibodies in breast milk in vaccinated and infected postpartum women. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022340859, 23 June 2022).
Effects of concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants long-term use on perspective-taking
Authors: Gonçalves Ana R. , Soares Márcia , Garcez Helena , Fernandes Carina , Pereira Mariana R. , Silveira Celeste , Marques-Teixeira João , Barbosa Fernando 
Published: July 2022

Background: Benzodiazepines and antidepressants are known to alter responses to empathic pain when used alone, however the effects of their combined use on empathy are unknown. In order to examine the effects of concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants long-term use on perspective-taking, we analyzed behavioral and neural changes on perspective-taking ability using event-related potentials. Methods: To this purpose, 13 long-term concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants users and 13 healthy controls performed a task designed to assess affective perspective-taking with simultaneous EEG recording. Results: The behavioral results revealed similar performance between groups. The neural results showed no significant differences between groups for the N170 and late positive potential (LPP) components. These results seem to suggest that long-term use of benzodiazepines and antidepressants together does not affect perspective-taking abilities nor the processing of related information. Conclusions: The concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants long-term use seem to preserve the perspective-taking ability of social cognition.