bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Finite State Machine (FSM) pada Agent Permainan Game Lost Animal at Borneo berbasis Android
Authors: Arban Arbansyah 
Published: August 2022

Dewasa ini perkembangan game developer sangatlah pesat, terbukti dari banyaknya jenis aplikasi game yang telah ditawarkan pada smartphone maupun console PC. Berdasarkan kebutuhan koneksi internet, game dapat dikategorikan menjadi 2 tipe, yaitu online game dan offline game. Online game sangat digemari oleh para pemain, karena dengan adanya koneksi internet, pemain dapat bermain secara multiplayer dengan pemain diseluruh dunia Algoritma yang digunakan pada game sebelumnya adalah menggunakan teknik pengacakan posisi pada karakter hewan, Teknologi AI dibutuhkan agar permainan menjadi lebih menarik, natural dan menyenangkan bagi pemainnya, lebih memudahkan anak-anak mendapatkan posisi karakter hewan tersebut, serta melatih motorik anak. Game agent dibangun dengan mentransfer pengetahuan dari master game permainan ini ke dalam bentuk Finite State Machine (FSM), dalam hal ini adalah game developer itu sendiri. Penelitian tentang game agent telah menjadi perhatian para peneliti di bidang Artificial Intelligence (AI). Setiap aksi-reaksi dari kemungkinan kondisi permainan yang terjadi, dituangkan kedalam bentuk state-state yang akan menjadi perilaku dari game agent tersebut. Untuk membuat permainan yang tidak membosankan bagi player maka dilakukan teknik pengacakan posisi karakter teknik pengacakan posisi objek didalam game dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mencegah pemain menghafal posisi objek tersebut dalam setiap babak (level) permainan, sehingga permainan menjadi tidak statis dan membosankan. Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas, penulis tertarik menimplementasikan FSM pada game lost animal at borneo, dengan metode yang digunakan dalam game lost animal at borneo merupakan metode NPS yang bertujuan untuk mengtahui bahwa pada permainan game lost animal borneo menerapkan kecerdasan buatan FSM.
Kata kunci: Implementasi FSM Game Lost Animal, Borneo
Preferential Heating of Protons over Electrons from Coherent Structures during the First Perihelion of the Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Sioulas Nikos , Shi 时 Chen 辰 , Huang 黄 Zesen 泽森 , Velli Marco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The solar wind undergoes significant heating as it propagates away from the Sun; the exact mechanisms responsible for this heating remain unclear. Using data from the first perihelion of the Parker Solar Probe mission, we examine the properties of proton and electron heating occurring within magnetic coherent structures identified by means of the Partial Variance of Increments (PVI) method. Statistically, regions of space with strong gradients in the magnetic field, PVI ≥ 1, are associated with strongly enhanced proton but only slightly elevated electron temperatures. Our analysis indicates a heating mechanism in the nascent solar wind environment facilitated by a nonlinear turbulent cascade that preferentially heats protons over electrons.
Near-infrared Accretion Signatures from the Circumbinary Planetary-mass Companion Delorme 1 (AB)b*
Authors: Betti S. K. , Follette K. B. , Ward-Duong K. , Aoyama Y. , Marleau G.-D. , Bary J. , Robinson C. , Janson M. , Balmer W. , Chauvin G. , Palma-Bifani P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Accretion signatures from bound brown dwarf and protoplanetary companions provide evidence for ongoing planet formation, and accreting substellar objects have enabled new avenues to study the astrophysical mechanisms controlling the formation and accretion processes. Delorme 1 (AB)b, a ∼30–45 Myr circumbinary planetary-mass companion, was recently discovered to exhibit strong Hα emission. This suggests ongoing accretion from a circumplanetary disk, somewhat surprising given canonical gas disk dispersal timescales of 5–10 Myr. Here, we present the first NIR detection of accretion from the companion in Paβ, Paγ, and Brγ emission lines from SOAR/TripleSpec 4.1, confirming and further informing its accreting nature. The companion shows strong line emission, with L
line ≈ 1–6 × 10−8
L
⊙ across lines and epochs, while the binary host system shows no NIR hydrogen line emission (L
line < 0.32–11 × 10−7
L
⊙). Observed NIR hydrogen line ratios are more consistent with a planetary accretion shock than with local line excitation models commonly used to interpret stellar magnetospheric accretion. Using planetary accretion shock models, we derive mass accretion rate estimates of

M

̇

pla

∼
3

–4 × 10−8
M
J yr−1, somewhat higher than expected under the standard star formation paradigm. Delorme 1 (AB)b’s high accretion rate is perhaps more consistent with formation via disk fragmentation. Delorme 1 (AB)b is the first protoplanet candidate with clear (signal-to-noise ratio ∼5) NIR hydrogen line emission.
Discovery of a Premerger Shock in an Intercluster Filament in Abell 98
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Randall Scott , Su Yuanyuan , Alvarez Gabriella E. , Sarazin Craig , Nulsen Paul , Blanton Elizabeth , Forman William , Jones Christine , Bulbul Esra , Zuhone John , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Johnson Ryan E. , Chakraborty Priyanka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report the first unambiguous detection of an axial merger shock in the early-stage merging cluster Abell 98 using deep (227 ks) Chandra observations. The shock is about 420 kpc south from the northern subcluster of Abell 98, in between the northern and central subclusters, with a Mach number of



≈ 2.3 ± 0.3. Our discovery of the axial merger shock front unveils a critical epoch in the formation of a massive galaxy cluster, when two subclusters are caught in the early phase of the merging process. We find that the electron temperature in the postshock region favors the instant collisionless model, where electrons are strongly heated at the shock front, by interactions with the magnetic field. We also report on the detection of an intercluster gas filament, with a temperature of kT = 1.07 ± 0.29 keV, along the merger axis of Abell 98. The measured properties of the gas in the filament are consistent with previous observations and numerical simulations of the hottest, densest parts of the warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), where WHIM filaments interface with the virialization regions of galaxy clusters.
Releasing Atmospheric Martian Dust in Sand Grain Impacts
Authors: Becker T. , Teiser J. , Jardiel T. , Peiteado M. , Muñoz O. , Martikainen J. , Martin J. C. Gomez , Wurm G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Emission of dust up to a few microns in size by impacts of sand grains during saltation is thought to be one source of dust within the Martian atmosphere. To study this dust fraction, we carried out laboratory impact experiments. Small numbers of particles of about 200 μm in diameter impacted a simulated Martian soil (bimodal Mars Global Simulant). Impacts occurred at angles of ∼18° in vacuum with an impact speed of ∼1 m s−1. Ejected dust was captured on adjacent microscope slides and the emitted particle size distribution (PSD) was found to be related to the soil PSD. We find that the ejection of clay-sized dust gets increasingly harder the smaller these grains are. However, in spite of strong cohesive forces, individual impacts emit dust of 1 μm and less, i.e., dust in the size range that can be suspended in the Martian atmosphere. More generally, the probability of ejecting dust of a given size can be characterized by a power law in the size range between 0.5 and 5 μm (diameter).
Possible Relationship between the HLA-DRA1 Intron Haplotype of Three Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Intron 1 of the HLA-DRA1 Gene and Autoantibodies in Children at Increased Genetic Risk for Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Andersson Svärd Agnes , Benatti Elin , Lundgren Markus , Lernmark Åke , Maziarz Marlena , Elding Larsson Helena ,   the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne Study Group
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently, a haplotype of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tri-SNP) in intron 1 of the HLA-DRA1 gene was found to be strongly associated with type 1 diabetes risk in HLA-DR3/3 individuals. The tri-SNP reportedly function as “expression quantitative trait loci,” modulating HLA-DR and -DQ expression. The aim was to investigate HLA-DRA1 tri-SNPs in relation to extended HLA class II haplotypes and human peripheral blood cell HLA-DQ cell-surface median fluorescence intensity (MFI), the first-appearing islet autoantibody, and autoimmunity burden. A total of 67 healthy subjects (10–15 y) at increased HLA risk for type 1 diabetes and with (n = 54) or without (n = 13) islet autoantibodies were followed longitudinally in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne study. Among four tri-SNPs, AGG (n = 67), GCA (n = 47), ACG (n = 11), and ACA (n = 9), HLA-DQ cell-surface MFI on CD4+ T cells was lower in AGG than GCA (p = 0.030) subjects. Cumulative autoimmunity burden was associated with reduced HLA-DQ cell-surface MFI in AGG compared with GCA in CD16+ cells (p = 0.0013), CD4+ T cells (p = 0.0018), and CD8+ T cells (p = 0.016). The results suggest that HLA-DRA1 tri-SNPs may be related to HLA-DQ cell-surface expression and autoimmunity burden.
Congenital systemic arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Subramanian Anand P. , Jayranganath Mahimarangaiah , Bharath Adaligere Paraswanath , Barthur Ashita , Sastry Usha Mandikal Kodandarama , Moorman Antoon F. M. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Data on congenital systemic arteriovenous fistulas are largely based on individual case reports. A true systemic arteriovenous fistula needs to be differentiated from other vascular malformations like capillary or venous hemangiomas, which are far more common.

Objectives:
We sought to identify the varied symptoms, diagnostic challenges, describe interventional treatment options, and postulate an embryological basis for this uncommonly described entity.

Methods:
This is a descriptive study of a cohort of systemic arteriovenous fistulas seen in the department of pediatric cardiology at a tertiary cardiac institute from 2010 to 2020, with prospective medium-term follow-up. A total of seven cases were identified. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomographic imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, or conventional angiography.

Results:
All were successfully closed using duct occluders or embolization coils with no recurrence in six cases over a median duration of follow-up of 48 months (interquartile range: 16; 36–52 months). Four of the seven cases underwent follow-up imaging using echocardiography or ultrasound.

Conclusion:
The incidence of congenital systemic arteriovenous fistulas is low and accounted for 0.009% of pediatric outpatients seen over 10 years at our institute. The spectrum of clinical presentation varies from an innocuous swelling or a pulsating mass to frank heart failure. Strong clinical suspicion and advanced imaging modalities have helped identify some hitherto undescribed connections. Large malformations with multiple communications may persist or recur despite transcatheter closure.
Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of iron bioresorbable scaffold in neonates with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation
Authors: Mood Marhisham Che , Niazy Khalil Ahmad , Alwi Mazeni , Samion Hasri , Tiong Koh Ghee , Sivalingam Sivakumar , Zhang Deyuan 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Bioresorbable stent has the theoretical advantage in the pediatric age group; however, experience in the literature is very limited.

Objectives:
This pilot study sought to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and performance of iron bioresorbable scaffold (IBS Angel™) as short-term palliation in lesions with noncomplex patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Materials and Methods:
Nine neonates with duct dependent but dual-source pulmonary blood flow (PBF) were included. Major stent-related complications, in-hospital course, stent patency up to 6 months, and unplanned re-interventions were studied, as well the percentage of stent material resorbed in patients in whom the stents were explanted at the surgery.

Results:
IBS Angel™ was successfully implanted in all nine patients (mean weight range 3.4 ± 0.4 kg). Six were pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum and 1 critical pulmonary stenosis patients where PDA stenting was done together or after balloon dilation. The mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 89 ± 39 min and 16.3 ± 6.9 min, respectively. There were no major complications such as stent thrombosis or embolization and there were no in-hospital deaths. Post procedure overshunting and prolonged ventilatory support was a prominent feature. The median ventilation days was 3 (1–11 days). One patient died after 1 month due to respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia at the referring hospital. At 6 months follow-up, four had patent stents and four had blocked or restrictive stent flow. One patient received re-stenting at 4 months for restrictive stent flow. In three patients where microcomputed tomography of explanted stent was available, resorption of iron was 15% at 6 months and >65% at 16 months.

Conclusions:
Ductal stenting with IBS Angel™ is feasible and safe in selected patients. Because of early luminal loss, its use may be recommended for lesions with dual-source PBF with noncomplex PDA morphology that requires a short duration of palliation.
Transcatheter closure of multiple secundum atrial septal defects using multiple occluder devices
Authors: Sagar Pramod , Sivakumar Kothandam , Chandrasekaran Ramyashri , Pavithran Sreeja , Thejaswi Puthiyedath , Monica Rajendran 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Device closure of multiple atrial septal defects (MASDs) is frequently done using a single centrally deployed septal or cribriform occluder, but multiple devices are needed for large defects separated more than 6 mm. There is a concern about complications while using multiple devices, especially in children.

Methods:
Patients who received multiple devices for closure of MASD were grouped according to their age and analyzed for procedural techniques, immediate and late complications. MASDs closed by a single device were not included. Balloon sizing was done when echocardiographic images were suboptimal before simultaneous device deployment through two venous accesses or sequential deployment through one access. Duration and number of antiplatelet drugs and residual flows were analyzed on follow-up.

Results:
Twenty-five patients received multiple devices. Balloon interrogation was performed in 16/18 adults but only in 2/7 children. Device size was 2–5 mm larger than echocardiographic defect size or equal to balloon waist. There were no procedural failures; 7/25 showed small postprocedural residual flows. Complications including embolization in one, arrhythmia in one, and cobra deformity in two were managed successfully. On a median follow-up of 5.5 years (1–12 years), residual flows disappeared in 4/7 and there were no major late complications.

Conclusions:
Use of multiple devices for closing MASD is feasible with good technical success. Echocardiography and balloon interrogation are the keys for success. Simultaneous deployment is often needed and sequential delivery is feasible rarely if the defects are far apart. Minor residual leaks are common but improve on follow-up. There are no significant new complications on long-term follow-up.
Comparative Histological Study of Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Liver Tissue on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats
Authors: Salem Bothina Abo-Alazm , ElKaliny Heba Hassan , El-Hafez Amal Ali Ahmed Abd , Sarhan Naglaa Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context:
Liver diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects, so they can be used in the treatment of liver diseases. MSCs co-cultured with diseased liver tissue improve the homing capacity, survival rate, and paracrine effects of the MSCs, as well as the ability to enhance liver function.

Aims:
This work aimed to study the therapeutic effect of MSCs versus MSCs co-cultured with liver tissue on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats.

Settings and Design:
Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; Group I (control group), Group II received CCl4 intraperitoneally (i.p.), Group III received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with MSCs intravenously (i.v.), and Group IV received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with co-cultured MSCs i.v.

Materials and Methods:
Finally, liver specimens were processed for light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Statistical analysis was carried out to assess histological scoring, area percentage of collagen fibers, number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells, and biochemical analysis of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis of (histological scoring, area % of collagen fibers, and biochemical analysis) was done by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using graphpad software (SanDiego, CA, USA). The means ± standard deviations were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
LM of Group II revealed loss of hepatic architecture and diffuse fibrosis with dilated congested blood vessels, bile ductular proliferation, and cellular infiltrations. Vacuolated cytoplasm with or without pyknotic nuclei was observed in addition to micro- and macro-steatosis. EM demonstrated disfigured hepatocytes with abnormal organelles surrounding atypical nucleus. Group III showed restoration of the normal liver architecture with greater extent in Group IV. Statistical analysis confirmed the microscopic findings.

Conclusions:
Co-cultured MSCs with diseased liver tissue augmented the therapeutic effects of MSCs in treating hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in adult male albino rats.
The level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 as a marker of autophagy in skin lesions of nonsegmental vitiligo
Authors: Marey Yomna K.A.-H , Elgarhy Lamia H. , Albendary Amal S. , Abdel-Latif Amany M. 
Published: August 2022

Background
The aim was to understand the etiology of vitiligo, many hypotheses have been proposed. Melanocyte survival and skin pigmentation abnormalities may be linked to autophagy deficiencies. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) is one of the most important indicators of this process.

Aim
The current study seeks to determine the level of LC3 in patients with nonsegmental vitiligo with lesional and nonlesional skin in comparison with normal skin to indicate the level of autophagy in a trial to elucidate a possible relation with the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Patients and methods
The study included 20 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo from whom 20 lesional skin biopsies and 14 biopsies of nonlesional skin were obtained. Moreover, 14 normal skin specimens were taken from healthy individuals as controls. LC3 level was measured in the skin biopsies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The level of LC3 in the lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies of the patients was significantly lower than the control group. Female participants showed lower levels of LC3 than male with a significant difference. The ability of the level of LC3 in lesional and nonlesional skin was also investigated using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for diagnosis of the vitiligo, and the results were of predictive ability with a cutoff value of 128.4 ng/ml.

Conclusion
Lesional and nonlesional skin had lower LC3 levels than normal control skin. So, autophagy deficiency may play a role in vitiligo development.
Assessment of serum level of interleukin-6 in aplastic anemia
Authors: Salama Heba I. , Gwalay Amr M. , Hodeib Hossam A. , Ahmed Aeisha A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a severe bone marrow failure condition with a high mortality rate in its severe form if left untreated. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with various biological activities, including B-cell terminal differentiation, T cell, and macrophage stimulation. Moreover, they are critical for tissue damage in acute inflammation and have also been shown to be potent inhibitors of myelopoiesis.

Aim
Our purpose was to assess IL-6 level in AA patients and to correlate it with AA severity.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 40 individuals divided into 20 patients with AA and in-patient clinic of Hematology Department, Faulty of Medicine, Tanta University Hospitals, and 20 apparently healthy participants used as a reference-control group.

Results
Pallor, weakness, and bleeding were present among 95% of the studied AA cases, while fever and infection were found among 90% of the studied AA cases. High levels of IL-6 were observed in AA. A correlation of increased levels with disease severity has been demonstrated.

Conclusion
High levels of IL-6 were observed in AA. Increased levels showed a correlation with disease severity, and therefore appear to play an essential role in AA.
EVIDÊNCIA CIENTÍFICA NO USO DA OSTEOPATIA E HIPNOSE CLÍNICA NO TRATAMENTO DOS SINTOMAS DA COVID-19
Authors: Morais Daunisa Gabriel Comprido , João António dos Santos , Mainato Idalina Alberto Baptista , Santos Julio César dos 
Published: August 2022

O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica . O método da revisão foi de consulta à base de dados dos períodicos PubMed, Periódicos capes, ResearchGate, Jstor, BVS Saúde, do período de 2015 a 2020 com busca avançada cruzada entre o primeiro nome em inglês e português “osteopatia e hipnose clínica” com as variações das palavras: infecção, pneumonia e doenças do aparelho respiratório. Foram encontrados seis estudos com foco em pacientes hospitalizados, dos 638 artigos da osteopatia e 359 da hipnose clínica que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão da revisão bibliográfica. Dentre as técnicas encontradas de uso da Osteopatia estava o tratamento osteopático manipulativo (TMO) na melhoria da dor músculo esquelética, uma das queixas comuns entre os pacientes na pandemia. Para uso de hipnose clínica encontrou-se a utilização da técnica de tratamento de oito sessões em grupo de pacientes, como também em sessões individuais em pacientes com supervisão clínica semestral.
Procedimiento de Antebrazo de Hueso Único para Tratamiento de Pseudoartrosis de Radio y Cubito Asociado a Luxación Radial Proximal
Authors: Martínez Chejin José Fernando , Enríquez Romo Pablo Mauricio , Peralta Gonzalez Kleber Michael 
Published: August 2022

La funcionalidad de la extremidad superior depende de una serie de estructuras musculoesqueleticas, óseas, nerviosas y vasculares, las que trabajan en conjunto para poder dar entre otras funciones un adecuado punto de apoyo, vitalidad y ubicación espacial, en ultimo termino al accionar de la mano.
Las lesiones ocurridas en el área del antebrazo pueden producir que se pierda esta función o que el paciente sufra un gran déficit funcional, dolor crónico, y disminución de la calidad de vida. Es así que patologías como fracturas expuestas severas, infecciones, deformidades secuelares, pueden afectar severamente al antebrazo y algunas de ellas presentan un desafío al momento de plantear algún procedimiento reconstructivo
El procedimiento quirúrgico de confección de brazo único se utiliza cuando los protocolos convencionales que han fallado o cuya patología implica una posible amputación de la extremidad; en éste, se realiza una cirugía mediante la cual se hace uso de un cubito y un radio severamente lesionados para obtener un solo hueso el cual pueda recobrar la forma y funcionalidad del antebrazo es una herramienta muy útil para tratar lesiones graves, reduciendo el riesgo de amputaciones como opción definitiva y devolviendo una funcionalidad parcial al paciente afecto.
Hay poca información sobre estos procedimientos debido a que es una opción final, la cual se considera al no haber más alternativas y en la que se pueda conservar la extremidad, teniendo generalmente como antecedente, el haber agotado otros procedimientos correctivos o una evolución de patología incorregible por otro medio.