bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced heart failure: guideline‐directed medical therapy, diuretics, inotropes, and palliative care
Authors: Tomasoni Daniela , Vishram‐Nielsen Julie K.K. , Pagnesi Matteo , Adamo Marianna , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Gustafsson Finn , Metra Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality, hospitalizations, and reduced quality of life and a major burden for the healthcare system. The number of patients that progress to an advanced stage of HF is growing. Only a limited proportion of these patients can undergo heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory support. The purpose of this review is to summarize medical management of patients with advanced HF. First, evidence‐based oral treatment must be implemented although it is often not tolerated. New therapeutic options may soon become possible for these patients. The second goal is to lessen the symptomatic burden through both decongestion and haemodynamic improvement. Some new treatments acting on cardiac function may fulfil both these needs. Inotropic agents acting through an increase in intracellular calcium have often increased risk of death. However, in the recent Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac Outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial, omecamtiv mecarbil was safe and effective in the reduction of the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or HF event compared with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.99; P = 0.03) and its effects were larger in those patients with more severe left ventricular dysfunction. Patients with severe HF who received omecamtiv mecarbil experienced a significant treatment benefit, whereas patients without severe HF did not (P = 0.005 for interaction). Lastly, clinicians should take care of the end of life with an appropriate multidisciplinary approach. Medical treatment of advanced HF therefore remains a major challenge and a wide open area for further research.
Subtle‐but‐smouldering myocardial injury after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment accompanied by amyloid deposits
Authors: Ida Mizuki , Nakamori Shiro , Yamamoto Shinya , Watanabe Seimi , Imanaka‐Yoshida Kyoko , Ishida Masaki , Sakuma Hajime , Yamanaka Keiichi , Dohi Kaoru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough cardiac troponin is a highly specific biomarker for myocardial cell injury, it is important to recognize the pitfalls of this test in the diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis. We describe the challenging case of an 81‐year‐old woman with persistently high troponin after undergoing immunotherapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab, and histological evidence of amyloid deposition in the myocardium. The patient received immunosuppressive treatments based on the magnitude of troponin changes because myocarditis was clinically suspected. However, histological examination revealed the deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils with only minimal T‐lymphocyte infiltration and no myocyte necrosis, suggesting transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis rather than ICI myocarditis. This case highlights the importance of assessing other causes of persistently high troponin, and the necessity of incorporating comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the endomyocardial biopsy, especially when cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is inconclusive.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Spectroelectrochemistry, and Electrochromism of Metallophthalocyanines Substituted with Four (2,4,5‐Trimethylphenyl)ethynyl Groups
Authors: Özcan Sevgi , Kobak Rabia Zeynep , Budak Özlem , Koca Atıf , Bayır Zehra Altuntaş 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of the novel phthalonitrile containing (2,4,5‐trimethylphenyl)ethynyl moieties was performed using the palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira crosslinking methodology. Cobalt phthalocyanine was obtained with the cyclotetramerization reaction of this dinitrile derivative, while the synthesis of zinc and manganese phthalocyanines was reported by the Sonogashira coupling reaction of the appropriate iodo phthalocyanines. Voltammetric and electrochromic analyses were applied to determine the possible applications of these complexes in different electrochemical/display technologies. The rich redox responses of the complexes had a good influence on the spectroelectrochemical characters of them. Electrochromic measurements of the complexes indicated fast, and reversible color changes with reasonable optical contrasts.
The two pore potassium channel THIK‐1 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Drinkall Samuel , Lawrence Catherine B. , Ossola Bernadino , Russell Samuel , Bender Clare , Brice Nicola B. , Dawson Lee A. , Harte Michael , Brough David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a multi‐protein complex responsible for the activation of caspase‐1 and the subsequent cleavage and activation of the potent proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18, and pyroptotic cell death. NLRP3 is implicated as a driver of inflammation in a range of disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. A commonly reported mechanism contributing to NLRP3 inflammasome activation is potassium ion (K+) efflux across the plasma membrane. Identification of K+ channels involved in NLRP3 activation remains incomplete. Here, we investigated the role of the K+ channel THIK‐1 in NLRP3 activation. Both pharmacological inhibitors and cells from THIK‐1 knockout (KO) mice were used to assess THIK‐1 contribution to macrophage NLRP3 activation in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition of THIK‐1 inhibited caspase‐1 activation and IL‐1β release from mouse bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs), mixed glia, and microglia in response to NLRP3 agonists. Similarly, BMDMs and microglia from THIK‐1 KO mice had reduced NLRP3‐dependent IL‐1β release in response to P2X7 receptor activation with ATP. Overall, these data suggest that THIK‐1 is a regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to ATP and identify THIK‐1 as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disease.
Lung ultrasound in premature infants as an early predictor of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Radulova Petya , Vakrilova Liliya , Hitrova‐Nikolova Stanislava , Dimitrova Violeta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeLung ultrasound (LUS) is a widely used technique in neonates to diagnose a lot of acute diseases. However, its role in the diagnosis of chronic lung conditions is still to be evaluated. We aimed to describe the changes in ultrasound images as well as the appearance of lung consolidations (LC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).MethodsFor a period of 2 years we prospectively examined 124 VLBW infants, divided into two main groups: below 28 gestational weeks with two subgroups—BPD (moderate and severe) and non‐BPD, and 28–32 gestational weeks with two subgroups—BPD (moderate and severe) and non‐BPD group. We performed weekly LUS until 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). On the seventh postnatal day, we calculated the LUS score as a semiquantitative score that represents the aeration (0–3) in three different areas (upper anterior, lower anterior, lateral) of each lung.ResultsWe performed around 750 LUS exams. The BPD groups had LUS scores above 8 on the seventh day, p < 0.001. The number of LC was higher in the BPD groups 14 (3–45) than in the mild or non‐BPD groups 2.5 (0–6), p < 0.001, and the difference was significant for the period between 1 week and 1 month after birth, p = 0.001. In the BPD group <28 weeks' PMA, LC appeared equally in the anterior, lateral, and posterior fields, while in the BPD group 28–32 weeks' PMA, LC are more typical for the anterior‐lateral fields.ConclusionSerial LUS exams and identification of LC could be early predictors of moderate and severe forms of BPD. LUS score >8 on the seventh postnatal day is an early predictor of severe BPD. LC in more lung fields are typical for the severe forms of the disease.
Raman optical activity of the antibiotic vancomycin bound to its biological target
Authors: Aerts Roy , Herrebout Wouter , Johannessen Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe glycopeptide vancomycin has an antimicrobial effect by halting the synthesis of the bacterial cell‐wall by binding the D‐Ala‐D‐Ala peptide motif of the cell‐wall precursor Lipid II. This interaction has been extensively investigated using techniques such as XRD and NMR. Here, vancomycin complexed with Ala‐γGlu‐Lys‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala (the pentapeptide part of Lipid II) is studied by means of Raman and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectroscopy. Where for conventional structural elucidation techniques, the direct study of a drug‐biological target complex is routine, it is not the case for the ROA technique. Through experimental recordings and DFT‐level spectral calculations of the complex, it was found that ROA specifically probes the conformation of vancomycin, even in the presence of the biological target. As such, it could be determined that no noticeable conformational changes are involved when binding Ala‐γGlu‐Lys‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala. This work showcases the interest of directly examining interacting systems conformationally by means of ROA, potentially complementing and/or confirming findings from other studies, and eventually contributing to a more complete understanding of the structure–activity relationship of a drug compound.
Determination of pepsin by capillary electrophoresis using mixed polymer coated capillary with switchable properties toward protein adsorption/desorption
Authors: Li Mengqin , Wang Yuchen , He Kang , Wang Yanmei 
Published: March 2022

In this work, a simple online preconcentration method for quantitative detection of pepsin was realized by using the binary mixed polymer brushes coated capillary with switchable properties toward protein adsorption. Firstly, the binary mixed polymer brushes were prepared by grafting poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) onto the inner wall of the capillary through a polydopamine anchor. Then the coatings were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer and electroosmotic flow measurement. The results indicated that the composition of coating could be controlled by varying the feed ratio of poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) to poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and the inner surface charge could be tuned toward the change of pH and ionic strength. The results showed that when the poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline)/poly(4‐vinylpyridine) mass ratio was 80/20, the highest online preconcentration effect was obtained and the sensitivity enhancement factor was 6.3. Moreover, satisfactory sensitivity (limit of detection: 7.5 ng/mL) and good repeatability were obtained with the online preconcentration method. The polymer‐coated capillary was still stable for online preconcentration and detection of pepsin after 50 consecutive runs. Last, the proposed method was used successfully to online preconcentrate pepsin in the saliva matrix.
Memory retention of conditioned aversion training in New Zealand's alpine parrot, the kea
Authors: McLean Lydia R. W. , Nichols Margaret M. , Taylor Alex H. , Nelson Ximena J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNew Zealand pest control operations commonly deploy toxic sodium fluoroacetate (1080) baits to control introduced mammalian predators and protect vulnerable native fauna, yet the highly intelligent kea (Nestor notabilis) is at risk of mortality following ingestion of toxic baits intended for their protection. We tested the retention of conditioned aversion in 11 captive kea that had learned to avoid baits containing the bird repellent anthraquinone alongside color, olfactory, and taste cues. We revisited kea over increasing time intervals (3 days, 5 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 yr) offering them otherwise identical non‐repellent baits. Kea retained their aversion until the final session, 1 year after previous exposure to reinforcement, and almost 2 years since previous exposure to repellent. Whether the kea forgot their aversion or the repeated exposures to non‐repellent baits resulted in extinction of the aversion, our results indicate that kea are capable of remembering an aversion for long enough to be of practical use to conservation managers in reducing kea mortality through 1080 operations.
Bio‐Based Piezo‐ and Thermoresistive Photocurable Sensing Materials from Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil
Authors: Mendes‐Felipe Cristian , Costa Pedro , Roppolo Ignazio , Sangermano Marco , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBio‐based photocurable polymers are increasingly in demand as environmentally friendly materials for advanced applications. Together with functional fillers, these represent a next step for the generation of functional and active smart materials, compatible with additive manufacturing technologies. Herein, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) mixed with different amounts of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) up to 6 wt% in order to obtain UV‐curable piezoresistive and thermoresistive materials, is reported. It is shown that the addition of rGO to AESO hinders the curing process, but always maintains double bond conversions higher than 50%. Composites are characterized by a good dispersion of micrometric filler clusters. Further, the thermal stabilities are close to 300 °C and crosslinking degrees are above 1.75 mmol cm–3. The Young modulus of the composites decreases with the addition of the rGO fillers, in particular for the higher filler contents, and electrical conductivities up to 0.13 S m–1 are obtained for the composites with the highest rGO content. UV‐curable composites with piezoresistive and thermoresistive responses suitable for applications are thus obtained, characterized by gauge factors around 26 for deformations up to 2% and maximum thermoresistive sensitivity of S = 0.43, values similar to the values obtained for petroleum‐based materials.
Preparation of hypercrosslinked polymers with cashew nut shell liquid for removal of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Liu Zixin , Liu Huan , Wang Yan , Yu Haoran , Wang Jianying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) have aroused considerable attention due to their high chemical stability and potential applications in adsorption. A series of HCPs were prepared via one‐step solvent knitting method using the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as bio‐based building block. Characterization of the prepared samples was performed by N2 adsorption, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectra, solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy images. Depending on the N2 adsorption, the as‐prepared CNSL‐HCP4 exhibits the highest specific surface area of 93 m2·g−1 and displays a uniform pore‐size distribution. TGA results show that the decomposition temperature of the polymers exceeds 350°C. More significantly, the dynamic adsorption of high concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was investigated with CNSL‐HCP4 under dry and humid conditions. The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of o‐xylene under dry conditions is 217 mg·g−1 and its corresponding adsorption amount (208 mg·g−1) decreases slightly under 30% relative humidity condition, indicating that CNSL‐HCP4 had a hydrophobic surface. A little decrease in adsorption capacity of o‐xylene on CNSL‐HCP4 after five recycles confirms the reusability of the CNSL‐HCPs. Therefore, CNSL‐HCP4 is considered to be a promising candidate for potential adsorbent in recycling the VOCs from the exhaust.
Ubiquitinomics: History, methods, and applications in basic research and drug discovery
Authors: Steger Martin , Karayel Özge , Demichev Vadim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) was discovered about 40 years ago and is known to regulate a multitude of cellular processes including protein homeostasis. Ubiquitylated proteins are recognized by downstream effectors, resulting in alterations of protein abundance, activity, or localization. Not surprisingly, the ubiquitylation machinery is dysregulated in numerous diseases, including cancers and neurodegeneration. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics has emerged as a transformative technology for characterizing protein ubiquitylation in an unbiased fashion. Here, we provide an overview of the different MS‐based approaches for studying protein ubiquitylation. We review various methods for enriching and quantifying ubiquitin modifications at the peptide or protein level, outline MS acquisition, and data processing approaches and discuss key challenges. Finally, we examine how MS‐based ubiquitinomics can aid both basic biology and drug discovery research.
Effect of external electric field on hexadiene homolog C6H6(SiF2)3
Authors: Chen Li‐jun , Huan Qi‐shan , Tang Shi‐yun , Wei De‐ju , Guo Jun‐jiang , Zhao Yu‐han , Tang An‐jiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractC6H6(SiF2)3 has a very unique spatial geometry shape, electronic structure, and hetero‐chain structure. The addition of external electric field makes C6H6(SiF2)3 become a strong candidate for the research and development of new functional materials. Based on quantum chemical calculation, we studied the influence of external electric field on C6H6(SiF2)3 and came to the conclusion that the addition of external electric field makes the molecular structure of C6H6(SiF2)3 occur obvious deformation. The essence of structural deformation is energy change and atomic force. But if the external electric field is removed, C6H6(SiF2)3 will return to its original configuration; that is, C6H6(SiF2)3 has obvious elastic characteristics. The existence of strong external electric field will lead to the charge polarization distribution of C6H6(SiF2)3. With the increase of external electric field intensity, C6H6(SiF2)3 shows color in the visible light range, and it can be controlled to show different color by changing the intensity of external electric field. In addition, applying external electric field to C6H6(SiF2)3 in invisible solvent benzene can save more electricity than that without solvent, and the absorption band in the visible light range is more significant. Therefore, invisible solvent can be added to enhance its color display under different external electric field intensity.
Mechano‐Nanoarchitectonics: Design and Function
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMechanical stimuli have rather ambiguous and less‐specific features among various physical stimuli, but most materials exhibit a certain level of responses upon mechanical inputs. Unexplored sciences remain in mechanical responding systems as one of the frontiers of materials science. Nanoarchitectonics approaches for mechanically responding materials are discussed as mechano‐nanoarchitectonics in this review article. Recent approaches on molecular and materials systems with mechanical response capabilities are first exemplified with two viewpoints: i) mechanical control of supramolecular assemblies and materials and ii) mechanical control and evaluation of atom/molecular level structures. In the following sections, special attentions on interfacial environments for mechano‐nanoarchitectonics are emphasized. The section entitled iii) Mechanical Control of Molecular System at Dynamic Interface describes coupling of macroscopic mechanical forces and molecular‐level phenomena. Delicate mechanical forces can be applied to functional molecules embedded at the air–water interface where operation of molecular machines and tuning of molecular receptors upon macroscopic mechanical actions are discussed. Finally, the important role of the interfacial media are further extended to the control of living cells as described in the section entitled iv) Mechanical Control of Biosystems. Pioneering approaches on cell fate regulations at liquid–liquid interfaces are discussed in addition to well‐known mechanobiology.
Comparative evaluation of the sedative and physiological effects of medetomidine alone and in combination with pethidine, morphine, tramadol, and methadone in goats
Authors: Salarpour Maryam , Sakhaee Ehsanollah , Samimi Amir Saeed , Azari Omid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of combinations of α2‐adrenergic agonists and opioids has been published as providing superior sedation than either drug alone.IntroductionThe present study aims to compare the sedative and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) administration of medetomidine alone and in combination with methadone, morphine, tramadol, and pethidine in goats.MethodsTen healthy goats aged 12 ± 3 months and weight of 22 ± 4 kg were used in an experimental, crossover (Latin square), randomized, and blinded study. The animals were assigned to five IV treatments with a minimum washout period of 8 days between treatments: medetomidine (20 μg kg−1), medetomidine/methadone (0.5 mg kg−1), medetomidine/morphine (0.5 mg kg−1), medetomidine/tramadol (5 mg kg−1), and medetomidine/pethidine (1 mg kg−1).ResultsClinical adverse effects such as tremors (facial and generalized), bruxism, nystagmus, mydriasis, and vocalization were presented in all the medetomidine/opioid treatments. Clinical adverse effects were observed at 10–90 minutes in medetomidine/opioid treatments. Animals in all treatments were sedated at 5–90 minutes. Sedation was significantly higher in medetomidine/opioid treatments than in medetomidine at 15–30 minutes after administration (P < 0.05). In all treatments, heart rate and respiratory rate significantly decreased from baseline at 5–105 and 30–60 minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference in heart and respiratory rates between different treatments at any time point. Ruminal motility was decreased in medetomidine and medetomidine/opioid treatments at 10–75 and 10–105 minutes, respectively. Compared with medetomidine, ruminal motility was significantly lower in medetomidine/opioid treatments at 75–105 minutes.ConclusionThe use of combinations of medetomidine/opioids would be considered for superior sedation at 15–30 minutes after administration in goats. No significant differences were detected among opioids in combination with medetomidine in goats.
Review and data mining of linguistic studies of English modal verbs
Authors: Yu Jianping , Fu Jilin , Bai Tana , Xu Xueping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModal verbs express modality, and modality is concerned with the status of the proposition that describes an event, it also expresses the opinion and attitude of a speaker toward the proposition of an utterance. Since modalities are directly related to the objective world, subjective world, and language use, they have been a hot topic of philosophers, logicians and linguists. Philosophers concern with the relations between the objective world and the true/false values of the modality; logicians are interested in the relations among the possibility, necessity and the objective world; and linguists pay attention to the modality category, sense category, function, recognition, and application of modal verbs. In recent years, the linguistic studies of modal verbs have extended from general linguistic studies to computational linguistic studies. Since modal verbs are a complex semantic system and they are often indeterminate in senses, they have been a tough issue in linguistic studies and have attracted great attention. To clarify the status of the previous linguistic studies of modal verbs and reveal the characteristics of the studies will be of great significance for the further study. Therefore, this article will focus on the review of the previous linguistic studies of English modal verbs and the data mining of the characteristics of the previous studies, and based on the summary of the previous studies, give suggestions for the further study of the English modal verbs.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Text MiningFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data MiningTechnologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering