bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: updates on the emerging role of batokines
Authors: Martins Fabiane Ferreira , Souza-Mello Vanessa , Aguila Marcia Barbosa , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos Alberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) remains active in adults, oxidizing fatty acids or glucose and releasing energy in the form of heat. Brown adipocytes and enhanced thermogenesis are targets for treating obesity and its comorbidities. BAT shows high synthesis activity and secretes several signaling molecules. The brown adipokines, or batokines, take action in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner. Batokines have a role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle and exert beneficial effects on BAT. The systemic function of batokines gives BAT an endocrine organ profile. Besides, the batokines Fibroblast Growth Factor-21, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8, Neuregulin 4, Myostatin, and Interleukin-6 emerge as targets to treat obesity and its comorbidities, deserving attention. This review outlines the role of six emerging batokines on BAT and their cross-talk with other organs, focusing on their physiological significance and diet-induced changes.
Farmers’ perspectives on the adoption of smart farming technology to support food farming in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Agussabti Agussabti , Rahmaddiansyah Rahmaddiansyah , Hamid Ahmad Humam , Zakaria Zakaria , Munawar Agus Arip , Abu Bakar Basri 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The possible future challenge for food agriculture development led to the transition from conventional to modern agricultural management using smart farming technology (SFT). Some factors detaining the use of SFT for food commodities, specifically in small farmers’ communities, are global climate change, low-quality human resources of farmers, and extension workers. Small farmers generally have relatively small land, limited access to capital and farming input, and grow different kinds of commodities according to seasons. This research examined the adoption readiness in using SFT for three food commodities in Aceh Province, Indonesia, namely rice, maize, and potatoes. The sample comprises 70 farmers per commodity and 48 extension workers, obtained through the quota sampling method, culminating in 258 respondents. The readiness measurement for SFT adoption was conducted by introducing various models, images, videos, and RITX applications. The collected data were investigated and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis for two or more categories. The result showed that both farmers and extension workers have a positive perception of the application of SFT. However, in terms of readiness, farmers have a relatively lower readiness level than the extension workers due to their low capacity. This means it is essential to focus on the economic and capacity building of farmers by providing them with appropriate SFT devices to overcome the high investment cost and provide the technical skill for its application to overcome this situation.
Die heile Welt als Geschenk des Nils
Authors: Wimmer Stefan Jakob 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einzigartige Umweltbedingungen in Ägypten mit der Leben ermöglichenden und fördernden Fruchtbarkeit des Niltals inmitten einer lebensfeindlichen Wüste, haben eine Wahrnehmung von der Welt bedingt, die von der Zusammenschau des Gegensätzlichen durchdrungen ist. Dieses komplementäre Denken umfasst dabei alle Bereiche der Wirklichkeit: von anthropologischen und politischen Modellen bis zu religionsgeschichtlichen Paradigmen, die auch vom Alten Israel und vom Christentum reflektiert und adaptiert wurden. Diese Sicht auf die Welt hat sich Jahrtausende lang als tragfähig erwiesen und lohnt den erneuten Blick.
Alteration in NMDAR subunits in different brain regions of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model
Authors: Chen Jing , Luo Yanmin , Liang Xin , Kong Xiangru , Xiao Qian , Tang Jing , Qi Yingqiang , Tang Yong , Xiu Yun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. However, the role of NMDAR subunits in depression is still unclear. In this study, alteration in all seven NMDAR subunits in several brain areas of rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), an animal model of depression, was detected. Our findings demonstrated that: (1) CUMS could induce a reduction in sucrose preference, an indicator of typical depression-like behaviors; (2) CUMS significantly reduced the NMDAR subunits of GluN2B and GluN3 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but not altered all seven NMDAR subunits in hippocampus and corpus callosum of rats; (3) subunit composition of NMDARs in corpus callosum was different from that in mPFC, PFC and hippocampus; and (4) the mRNA expressions of GluN2B, GluN3A and GluN3B in mPFC as well as mRNA expression of GluN2C in corpus callosum were correlated to sucrose preference in rats. These findings suggested that GluN2B and GluN3 in mPFC may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression.
Advocacy and Combating Sexual Crimes in the Perspective of Child Protection Law
Authors: Mujiarti Umi 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is to find the right forms of advocacy against Child Victims of Sexual Crime and Efforts to Overcome Sexual Crime in a Child Protection Perspective. The method in this research is the Participant Research Method (the Method of the Participant Observer), which is to fully involve oneself in Advocacy and Efforts to Overcome Sexual Crimes against Children. This research with through an empirical juridical approach by conducting research approaches regarding matters that are juridical (law) and with a fact of facts that occur regarding matters of an empirical nature. The results in this study are forms Advocacy and Efforts to Overcome Sexual Crime in a Child Protection Perspective, in accordance with the Law on Child Protection, namely advocacy in the form of litigation (legal assistance / through judicial channels) and non-litigation (assistance outside the court route), efforts to combat sexual crimes by means of preventive (prevention), repressive (action); persuasive (by persuading or directing the community to comply with the prevailing values â€‹â€‹and norms) this is done by means of socialization and direction, coercive is control that is harsh or firm in nature (for example the imposition of a sentence by a judge) and rehabilitative (social rehabilitation).
The Expression Change of Mmp-8 and Collagen Type-2 Intracell in Lung Tissue Due to Electronic Smoke Exposure
Authors: Suryadinata Rivan Virlando , Wirjatmadi Bambang , Andriani Merryana , Sumarmi Sri 
Published: October 2022

The number of electronic smokers has increased annually. Exposure to an electronic cigarette will increase free radicals in the body and result in oxidative stress causing lung tissue damage. The severity degree of lung tissue damage caused by electronic smoke exposure depends on the duration of electronic cigarette smoke exposure, and will affect Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and collagen type-2 in the cells. The study aims to understand the change degree of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and collagen type-2in lung tissue due to electronic cigarette smoke exposure. This study applied the experimental method with a post control group design. The male Wistar rats were used as the animal models in this research to assess cell damage through the Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 expression and collagen type-2 in the lung tissue using immunohistochemical staining. Exposure to electronic smoke cigarettes was given to each group of animal models with the difference in amount and time duration. The expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 indicated a significant increase due to electronic smoke exposure (ANOVA, p=0.000). Meanwhile the expression of collagen type-2 showed a significant decrease because of electronic smoke exposure (ANOVA, p=0.000). Besides, MMP-8 and collagen type-2 manifested relationship existence and strong impact (r=0.948, p=0.000). The negative impact of exposure to electric cigarette smoke causes increased expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and decreased expression of type-2 collagen in lung tissue.
Related Factors of Anxiety Level in Covid-19 Patient during Self Quarantine
Authors: Husna Putri Halimu , Ratnasari Nita Yunianti , Marni Marni 
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus disease-19 was a pandemic in the world. One of the efforts to reduce the spread of Covid-19 cases was to self-quarantine. Self-quarantine impacted emotional mental disorders in the form of anxiety. This study aimed to identify factors related to the anxiety of Covid-19 patients who were undergoing self-quarantine. METHODS: This study used a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional study. The population was all confirmed COVID-19 patients who underwent self-quarantine in Wonogiri Regency as many as 70 respondents. Samples used clustered randomized sampling with 40 respondents. The instrument used a sociodemographic questionnaire, and anxiety was measured using Hamilton Rating Scale-Anxiety. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean age was 33.58 ± 11.08 years. Most participants were women 52.5%, 87.5% of the respondents had high education background, 37.5% were medical workers, 37.5% were private workers, and 95% of the participants had received information about covid-19. The mean of the time they were self-quarantined was 8.1 ± 4.77 days. 55% of the participants had no anxiety, 15% had mild anxiety, 10% had moderate anxiety, and 20% had severe anxiety. Factors that affect the level of anxiety are age (p-value = 0.047), occupation (p-value = 0.031), education (p-value = 0.035) and length of self-quarantine (0.023). CONCLUSION: The conclusion said that age, occupation, education, and length of self-quarantine have a strong relationship and have a significant effect on anxiety. Social support is needed to reduce the anxiety of COVID-19 patients during self-quarantine.
EGF promotes human trophoblast cell invasion by downregulating CTGF expression via PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Cheng Jung-Chien , Gao Yibo , Chen Jiaye , Meng Qingxue , Fang Lanlan 
Published: October 2022

In brief
Although the pro-invasive role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported in human trophoblast cells, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. This work reveals that EGF-induced downregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mediates the EGF-stimulated human trophoblast cell invasion.

Abstract
During the development of the placenta, trophoblast cell invasion must be carefully regulated. Although EGF has been shown to promote trophoblast cell invasion, the underlying mechanism remains largely undetermined. Our previous study using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has identified that kisspeptin-1 is a downstream target of EGF in a human trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, and mediates EGF-stimulated cell invasion. In the present study, after re-analysis of our previous RNA-seq data, we found that the CTGF was also downregulated in response to the EGF treatment. The inhibitory effects of EGF on CTGF mRNA and protein levels were confirmed in HTR-8/SVneo cells by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Treatment with EGF activated both PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Using pharmacological inhibitors, our results showed that EGFR-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT signaling was required for the EGF-downregulated CTGF mRNA and protein levels. Matrigel-coated transwell invasion assays demonstrated that EGF treatment stimulated cell invasion. In addition, the invasiveness of HTR-8/SVneo cells was suppressed by treatment with recombinant human CTGF. By contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of CTGF increased cell invasion. Notably, the EGF-promoted HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion was attenuated by co-treatment with CTGF. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating EGF-stimulated human trophoblast cell invasion and increases the understanding of the biological functions of CTGF in the human placenta.
Polytrauma: Definition of the Problem and Management Strategy (Review)
Authors: Prokazyuk A. A. , Zhanaspaev M. A. , Aubakirova S. K. , Musabekov A. S. , Tlemisov A. S. 
Published: October 2022

Polytrauma is a highly relevant problem from both scientific and clinical perspectives due to its high mortality rate (>20% in young and middle-aged individuals and >45% in the elderly). The lack of consensus in the definition of polytrauma complicates data collection and comparison of available datasets. In addition, selection of the most appropriate management strategy determining the quality of medical care and magnitude of invested resources can be challenging.Aim of the review. To revisit the current definition of polytrauma and define the perspective directions for the diagnosis and management of patients with polytrauma.Material and methods. Based on the data of 93 selected publications, we studied the mortality trends in the trauma and main causes of lethal outcomes, analyzed the polytrauma severity scales and determined their potential flaws, examined the guidelines for choosing the orthosurgical strategy according to the severity of the patient’s condition.Results. The pattern of mortality trends in trauma directly depends on the adequacy of severity assessment and the quality of medical care. The Berlin definition of polytrauma in combination with a mCGS/PTGS scale most accurately classifies polytrauma into four severity groups. For the «stable» patients, the use of primary definitive osteosynthesis with internal fixation (early total care, or ETC) is the gold standard of treatment. For the «borderline» and «unstable» groups, no definitive unified strategy has been adopted. Meanwhile, in «critical» patients, priority is given to general stabilization followed by delayed major surgery (damage control orthopaedics, or DCO), which increases survival.Conclusion. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which have been employed for more specific goals (predicting mortality and several common complications), seems reasonable for planning the management strategy in the «controversial» groups. The use of a clinical decision support system based on a unified patient registry could improve the quality of care for polytrauma, even by less experienced physicians.
Incidentally Diagnosed Extraluminal Leiomyosarcoma of Infrarenal Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report and Literature Review from a Radiologist’s Perspective
Authors: A Ebinesh , Ashta Aanchal , Satyam Satyam , Shanker Pradhan Gaurav , Sharma Rohin , Das Prince 
Published: October 2022

Background: Vascular leiomyosarcoma is a rare but most common vascular tumor of the inferior vena cava.Case presentation: We present the case of an incidentally diagnosed extraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a 62 year old patient who presented with abdominal pain following blunt trauma. Ultrasonography showed a lobulated hypoechoic lesion in the upper abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a circumscribed lobulated near homogeneously enhancing retroperitoneal lesion in anterior relation to the infrarenal inferior vena cava, right paramedian in location with imperceptible vena caval lumen at the site of maximum contact. In positron emission tomography (PET) CT the lesion showed mild fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake with no distant metastases. CT guided biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis showed leiomyosarcoma. Patient underwent surgical resection with inferior vena cava reconstruction.Conclusions: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor of vascular origin. Imaging plays an imperative role in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation. This article also provides a comprehensive literature review of the radiological features of inferior vena caval leiomyosarcoma that would aid in optimal preoperative characterization and evaluation.
Infants Born Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy
Authors: Capretti Maria Grazia , Marsico Concetta , Gabrielli Liliana , Vocale Caterina , Arcuri Santo , Simonazzi Giuliana , Piccinini Anna Rita , Brandolini Cristina , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Corvaglia Luigi Tommaso 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate outcomes of neonates born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy, the dynamics of placental transfer of maternal antibodies, and its persistence during infancy.

METHODS
Cohort study enrolling neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy. All infants were evaluated at birth. Those born to women with infection onset within 2 weeks before delivery were excluded from further analyses. Remaining infants underwent cerebral and abdominal ultrasound, fundoscopy evaluation, and were enrolled in a 12 month follow-up. Qualitative immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin M and quantitative IgG to S1/S2 subunits of spike protein were assessed in mother–neonate dyads within 48 hours postdelivery and during follow-up.

RESULTS
Between April 2020 and April 2021, 130 of 2745 (4.7%) neonates were born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, with 106 of 130 infections diagnosed before 2 weeks before delivery. Rates of preterm and cesarean delivery were comparable between women with and without infection (6% vs 8%, P = .57; 22% vs 32%, P = .06). No clinical or instrumental abnormalities were detected at birth or during follow-up. There was a positive correlation between maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels (r = 0.81, P &lt; .001). Transplacental transfer ratio was higher after second-trimester maternal infections as compared with first and third trimester (P = .03). SARS-CoV-2 IgG level progressively decreased in all infants, with 89 of 92 (97%) infants seronegative at 6 months of age.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical outcomes were favorable in all infants. Matching peak IgG level after infection and higher IgG transplacental transfer might result in the most durable neonatal passive immunity.
Development of the discourse competence through literary texts
Authors: Lașcu Tatiana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of the article is to present a study of the literary text from a discursive perspective focusing on the development of the discourse competence in the English language. It is a new approach in the EFL methodology which highlights the relation between the holistic understanding of the comunication, social phenomena and the study of language structures in their use. The European educational policies favour the literary text as a key factor in boosting the students' communicative skills.Thus, the paper presents a theoretical framework of the researches in the field and shares our vision on the discourse competence which places the discourse component on the central position in the process of developing the communicative competence. The text interpretation through a discursive approach constitutes an effective tool for examining the language correlation with the intent and sociocultural context. In this regard, in the second part of the article, we offer some concrete didactic activities related to the necessary conditions (such as the context and communicative situations) and discourse-oriented practices (activities simulating real needs outside the classroom) used for an optimal development of students' discourse competence.
Study of histopathology of tumors of the central nervous system in a teaching hospital
Authors: Sunitha Katakonda , Akarsh Mulukutla Partha , Panchakarla Geetha Vani 
Published: October 2022

Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours are rare, but they are the second most common in childhood after the most common malignancy, leukaemia. They are considered the most notorious of all cancers. They represent characteristics of a unique, heterogeneous population of neoplasms with benign and malignant tumours and are reported to be less than 2 % of all malignant neoplasms.
The aim of the study: To study various tumours of the central nervous system (CNS)
Methods: A prospective study on CNS tumours was conducted in the department of Pathology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, for two years, from June 2011 to May 2013. The data necessary for the study has been retrieved from the histopathology records at the department. 104 cases of CNS tumours were studied in detail, correlating the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings. The department of neurosurgery has provided the biopsy material. The applied nomenclature is that adopted by the 2007 WHO classification.
Results: The tumours have been encountered in all age groups, from infants to 80yr elderly persons. The highest frequency is seen in the age group of 41 to 50 years (27 %), followed by 51 to 60 years age group (19 %). The most common tumour reported was astrocytomas constituting 21.1 % (22/104), followed by schwannomas constituting 19.2 % (20/104). least reported was plasmacytoma astrobalstoma 0.9 % (1/104).
Conclusion: Adequate imaging by CT/MRI is an essential aid in the diagnosis. Although H&E staining is the mainstay for histopathological diagnosis, immunohistochemistry has played a significant role in diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the judicious use of a panel of selected antibodies is helpful in diagnostically challenging cases
Negative effects of mobbing among primary school teachers
Authors: Tretyak Olga 
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of negative consequences of mobbing among primary school teachers. Based on the analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature, the state of problems is revealed. The task of this article is to analyze the problem in domestic and foreign pedagogical science and practice, to reveal the peculiarities of mobbing, the specifics of its manifestation and consequences in general educational institutions among primary school teachers.
The article analyzes mobbing as a social problem. A terminological study of various manifestations of behavior, related to putting pressure on the employee and humiliating his/her dignity, was carried out. The essence of mobbing, its structure is revealed. The forms of mobbing among primary school teachers are characterized. The consequences of mobbing for an individual, school team and society as a whole are systematized. Directions for further research on the problem of mobbing are outlined. The analysis of international and domestic experience shows that the problems of mobbing are extremely difficult to overcome. Mobbing in many countries is perceived as a serious problem that needs to be fought. Mobbing leads to serious psychological and psychosomatic diseases that make a person powerless and destroy his/her self-esteem. Mobbing has a negative impact not only on the victim, but also on his/her immediate environment - family, friends. Teacher mobbing also has a detrimental effect on students. In Ukraine, there is no specially created legal mechanism for combating bullying at the workplace of employees, but a draft law is being developed, which includes an explanation of the term and a list of the main fines for such actions.
The practical significance of the article is that its materials can be used in the organization of the educational process of general education institutions and primary school teacher training