bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics and sediment transport patterns on intertidal flats along middle Jiangsu coast
Authors: Xing Fei , Wang Ya Ping , Jia Jianjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo field campaigns in Dafeng and Jianggang were organized to compare spatial variations of hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport patterns on intertidal flats of different types with distinct human interferences along middle Jiangsu coast, China. The major contributors to the different patterns of sediment dynamics between the two tidal flats were offshore tidal current field and human interference. Offshore tidal force provide the basic setup of tidal current patterns on tidal flats, which is then modified by local morphology. Seawalls parallel to coast reduce tidal flat width, forcing tidal energy to dissipate within a shorter distance and thus influencing tidal flat morphology. Seawalls vertical to coast and major tidal current significantly reduce tidal current speed, which favors sediment deposition on tidal flats. Two seawalls built on both sides of the observational tidal flat profile caused much reduced current speed at Dafeng tidal flat, comparing to the offshore station. Being exposed to offshore radial tidal currents, hydrodynamics at Jianggang was much stronger than that at Dafeng. Residual currents at both areas showed net landward transport at the lower flat and net seaward transport at the upper flat, in favor to sediment accumulation at the middle flat. Sediment flux over tidal cycles showed net landward sediment transport at Dafeng, and net seaward transport at Jianggang, consistent with the convex-up accretion-dominated profile observed at Dafenge, and concave-up erosion-dominated profile observed at Jianggang. The instantaneons sediment flux changed significantly due to variations in velocity and sediment concentrations, but these terms counteracted with each other within tidal cycles, leading to the dominant role of Eulerian flux in determining net sediment flux over tidal cycles.
Western Countries Have Shown Poorer Rather Than Better Performance Against COVID-19
Authors: Boretti Alberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWestern countries have been subjectively claimed to have performed much better than other countries in combatting COVID-19 because of their alleged democratic governance. Here, I show that the performance of their pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical measures has in fact been poorer than that in non-Western countries, not because of democratic governance but only because of poor decision-making.
The role of mass loss in chemodynamical evolution of galaxies
Authors: Kobayashi Chiaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThanks to the long-term collaborations between nuclear and astrophysics, we have good understanding on the origin of elements in the universe, except for the elements around Ti and some neutron-capture elements. From the comparison between observations of nearby stars and Galactic chemical evolution models, a rapid neutron-capture process associated with core-collapse supernovae is required. The production of C, N, F and some minor isotopes depends on the rotation of massive stars, and the observations of distant galaxies with ALMA indicate rapid cosmic enrichment. It might be hard to find very metal-poor or Population III (and dust-free) galaxies at very high redshifts even with JWST.
Situating Politics: Spatial Heterogeneity and the Study of Political History
Authors: Slez Adam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile quantitative methods are routinely used to examine historical materials, critics take issue with the use of global regression models that attach a single parameter to each predictor, thereby ignoring the effects of time and space, which together define the context in which historical events unfold. This problem can be addressed by allowing for parameter heterogeneity, as highlighted by the proliferation of work on the use of time-varying parameter models. In this article, I show how this approach can be extended to the case of spatial data using spatially varying coefficient models, with an eye toward the study of electoral politics, where the use of spatial data is especially common in historical settings. Toward this end, I revisit a critical case in the field of quantitative history: the rise of electoral Populism in the American West in the period between 1890 and 1896. Upending popular narratives about the correlates of third-party support in the late nineteenth century, I show that the association between third-party vote share and traditional predictors such as economic hardship and ethnic composition varied considerably from one place to the next, giving rise to distinct varieties of electoral Populism—a finding that is missed by global models, which mistake the mathematically particular for the historically general. These findings have important theoretical and empirical implications for the study of political action in a world where parameter heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a standard feature of modern social science.
Young Lads and Old Tars: Changing Age Structure of the Nordic Sailors, 1750s–1930s
Authors: Ojala Jari , Eloranta Jari , Pehkonen Jaakko , Ojala Anu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the changing age structure of Swedish and Finnish sailors for almost 200 years. We show that the proportion of the youngest men increased during the age of sail (i.e., the older technology). The average age increased significantly during the early twentieth century as steam (i.e., the newer technology) replaced sail in Nordic shipping. Thus, a technological revolution did not displace the older workers, but rather diminished the demand for the younger ones. This study shows, however, that technological changes were not the only drivers of changes in the age structure of Nordic sailors. Institutional and societal changes also played an important role, though they were at least partly coevolving with the technological changes. This study also shows that the maritime industry experienced professionalization especially during the latter part of the period.
Wealth mobility in the United States: 1860–1870
Authors: Dupont Brandon , Rosenbloom Joshua L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe offer new evidence on the dynamics of wealth holding in the United States over the Civil War decade based on a hand-linked random sample of wealth holders drawn from the 1860 census. Despite the wealth shock caused by emancipation, we find that patterns of wealth mobility were broadly similar for northern and southern residents in 1860. Looking at the determinants of individual wealth holding in 1870, we find that the elasticity with respect to 1860 wealth was quite low in both regions – consistent with high levels of wealth mobility.
The Differential Relationship Between Self-Reported Interoceptive Accuracy and Attention With Psychopathology
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Petzke Tara M. , Witthöft Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Background: Only recently has interoception been discussed as a common risk factor for psychopathology. Recent approaches distinguish between the ability to accurately perceive ( interoceptive accuracy) and the propensity to attend ( interoceptive attention) to internal signals. Objective: To examine the latent structure of self-reported interoceptive accuracy and attention and their relationships to psychopathology. Methods: We used a confirmatory factor analysis to clarify the latent structure of interoceptive accuracy and attention. Structural equation modeling was utilized to determine relationships between both abilities with internalizing and somatoform symptomatology according to the HiTOP model ( Kotov et al., 2017 ). Data from N = 619 persons from the German general population were analyzed. Results: Interoceptive attention showed significant positive relationships with all psychopathological traits ( r = .221 to r = .377), whereas interoceptive accuracy was negatively associated with internalizing symptomatology ( r = -.106). Conclusion: The present findings indicate that personal beliefs about interoceptive abilities have different influences on psychopathological developments.
Multi‐Step Vertical Coupling During the January 2017 Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Becker Erich , Goncharenko Larisa , Harvey V. Lynn , Vadas Sharon L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes a simulation of the Arctic winter 2016–2017 with focus on multi‐step vertical coupling (MSVC) by primary, secondary, and higher‐order gravity waves (GWs). We employ the HIgh Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model with nudging of the large scales to MERRA‐2 reanalysis. Simulation results confirm the well‐known effects from primary GWs in the winter middle atmosphere regarding strong westward GW drag and a warm winter polar stratopause during the strong‐vortex period in late December 2016, as well as weak eastward GW drag and mesospheric cooling during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in late January and early February 2017. Since the amplitudes of the primary GWs that dissipate in the middle atmosphere are weaker for a reversed or weakened polar vortex, the theory for secondary GW generation predicts reduced MSVC in this case. This is confirmed by strongly reduced secondary and higher‐order GW amplitudes during the SSW and the weak‐vortex period in February. The wintertime higher‐order GWs show partial concentric ring structures above their sources in the lower thermosphere. We find that mostly those higher‐order GWs propagate to higher altitudes that have horizontal propagation directions against the tidal winds. The simulated GWs at 300 km height and observed perturbations of total electron content over Europe and North America during selected days of low geomagnetic activity show very good agreement regarding (a) the wave characteristics and (b) the reduction of amplitudes during the SSW and early February as compared to late December.
Secular Changes of the Decadal Relationship Between the Northern Hemisphere Land Monsoon Rainfall and Sea Surface Temperature Over the Past Millennium in Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Shen Tianyin , Sun Weiyi , Liu Jian , Wang Bin , Chen Deliang , Ning Liang , Chen Kefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the decadal variability of Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall (NHLMR) is crucial to social‐economic development. However, due to the temporal limitation of instrumental data, the decadal relationship between NHLMR and sea surface temperature (SST) remains uncertain. The extended El Niño–Southern Oscillation (XEN) SST index and the North Atlantic–south Indian Ocean dipole (NAID) SST index can be the predictors to help us understand the decadal relationship between NHLMR and SST. In this study, using the Community Earth System Model‐Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM‐LME) simulations, we find a significant and stable decadal correlation between the NHLMR and XEN in the all‐forcing (AF) (with natural and anthropogenic forcings, AF), control (internal variability only), and other external forcings run over the past millennium, which means that this simulated NHLMR‐XEN relationship is caused by internal variability. The AF experiments show that the decadal relationship between NHLMR and NAID is practically non‐existent until an abrupt and significant increase in volcanic eruptions at about 1700, which is also indicated by the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3) simulations. Using the volcanic forcing sensitivity experiments, we find that the successive strong volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) significantly strengthen the synchronous changes of NHLMR and NAID after 1700, with a periodicity of 20–40‐year for NHLMR and NAID. Specifically, successive NH eruptions weaken the north‐south hemispheric thermal contrast, contributing to the weakened NAID index. The cross‐equator flow is thus weakened, decreasing the NHLMR, which cause a resonant behavior of NHLMR and NAID.
Impact of Wettability Alteration on the Front Instability of Immiscible Displacement in Porous Media
Authors: Hosseinzadehsadati S. , Eftekhari A. A. , Nick H. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWettability alteration that occurs as a result of changing the brine composition or using chemicals that lower the interfacial tension can significantly alter the mobility of nonaqueous liquid (NAPL)/water phases. Here, we show that including dynamic wettability alternation (moving from non‐water‐wet to water‐wet) or interpolating between two sets of relative permeability curves may create an unstable displacement of the residence‐fluid by the injected fluid. The instability occurs due to not only the viscosity ratio but also the new shape of relative permeability curves and their end‐point values. We perform a full factorial design on Corey relative permeability parameters to determine the most destabilizing factors when the viscosity ratio is one. The observations indicate that instability proliferates when the end‐point relative permeability to the NAPL phase of modified salinity brine increases, and their corresponding exponents decrease compared with high salinity brine (seawater or formation water). Besides, numerical simulations of such a displacement demonstrate that modified salinity water (MSW)'s breakthrough is accelerated by wettability change toward water‐wet compared with a non‐fingering analytical solution. This may result in a delayed mobilization of the NAPL phase in porous media. We also discuss the role of capillary pressure, heterogeneity, and secondary and tertiary injection of MSW in stabilizing the shock front.
The push-pull principle: an electrostatic actuator concept for low distortion acoustic transducers
Authors: Kaiser Bert , Schenk Hermann A. G. , Ehrig Lutz , Wall Franziska , Monsalve Jorge M. , Langa Sergiu , Stolz Michael , Melnikov Anton , Conrad Holger , Schuffenhauer David , Schenk Harald 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrostatic actuators are of particular interest for microsystems (MEMS), and in particular for MEMS audio transducers for use in advanced true wireless applications. They are attractive because of their typically low electrical capacitance and because they can be fabricated from materials that are compatible with standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. For high audio performance and in particular low harmonic distortion (THD) the implementation of the push-pull principle provides strong benefits. With an arrangement of three electrodes in a conjunct moving configuration on a beam, we demonstrate here for the first time a balanced bending actuator incarnating the push-pull principle operating at low voltages. Our first design already exhibits a harmonic distortion as low as 1.2% at 79 dB using a signal voltage of only 6 Vpand a constant voltage of only ±10 Vdcin a standard acoustic measurement setup. Thus, exceeding our previously reported approach in all three key performance indications at the same time. We expect that our novel electrode configurations will stimulate innovative electrostatic actuator developments for a broad range of applications. In this paper we report the basic theory, the fabrication and the performance of our novel actuator design acting as an audio transducer.
FFAR4 improves the senescence of tubular epithelial cells by AMPK/SirT3 signaling in acute kidney injury
Authors: Yang Letian , Wang Bo , Guo Fan , Huang Rongshuang , Liang Yan , Li Lingzhi , Tao Sibei , Yin Ting , Fu Ping , Ma Liang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical complication with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite substantial progress in understanding the mechanism of AKI, no effective therapy is available for treatment or prevention. We previously found that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family member free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) agonist TUG891 alleviated kidney dysfunction and tubular injury in AKI mice. However, the versatile role of FFAR4 in kidney has not been well characterized. In the study, the expression of FFAR4 was abnormally decreased in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) of cisplatin, cecal ligation/perforation and ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced AKI mice, respectively. Systemic and conditional TEC-specific knockout of FFAR4 aggravated renal function and pathological damage, whereas FFAR4 activation by TUG-891 alleviated the severity of disease in cisplatin-induced AKI mice. Notably, FFAR4, as a key determinant, was firstly explored to regulate cellular senescence both in injured kidneys of AKI mice and TECs, which was indicated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, marker protein p53, p21, Lamin B1, phospho-histone H2A.X, phospho-Rb expression, and secretory phenotype IL-6 level. Mechanistically, pharmacological activation and overexpression of FFAR4 reversed the decrease of aging-related SirT3 protein, where FFAR4 regulated SirT3 expression to exhibit anti-senescent effect via Gq subunit-mediated CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling in cisplatin-induced mice and TECs. These findings highlight the original role of tubular FFAR4 in cellular senescence via AMPK/SirT3 signaling and identify FFAR4 as a potential drug target against AKI.
Overcoming the low reactivity of biobased, secondary diols in polyester synthesis
Authors: Weinland Daniel H. , van der Maas Kevin , Wang Yue , Bottega Pergher Bruno , van Putten Robert-Jan , Wang Bing , Gruter Gert-Jan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractShifting away from fossil- to biobased feedstocks is an important step towards a more sustainable materials sector. Isosorbide is a rigid, glucose-derived secondary diol, which has been shown to impart favourable material properties, but its low reactivity has hampered its use in polyester synthesis. Here we report a simple, yet innovative, synthesis strategy to overcome the inherently low reactivity of secondary diols in polyester synthesis. It enables the synthesis of fully biobased polyesters from secondary diols, such as poly(isosorbide succinate), with very high molecular weights (Mn up to 42.8 kg/mol). The addition of an aryl alcohol to diol and diacid monomers was found to lead to the in-situ formation of reactive aryl esters during esterification, which facilitated chain growth during polycondensation to obtain high molecular weight polyesters. This synthesis method is broadly applicable for aliphatic polyesters based on isosorbide and isomannide and could be an important step towards the more general commercial adaption of fully biobased, rigid polyesters.
Aerosol effects on clouds are concealed by natural cloud heterogeneity and satellite retrieval errors
Authors: Arola Antti , Lipponen Antti , Kolmonen Pekka , Virtanen Timo H. , Bellouin Nicolas , Grosvenor Daniel P. , Gryspeerdt Edward , Quaas Johannes , Kokkola Harri 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne major source of uncertainty in the cloud-mediated aerosol forcing arises from the magnitude of the cloud liquid water path (LWP) adjustment to aerosol-cloud interactions, which is poorly constrained by observations. Many of the recent satellite-based studies have observed a decreasing LWP as a function of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) as the dominating behavior. Estimating the LWP response to the CDNC changes is a complex task since various confounding factors need to be isolated. However, an important aspect has not been sufficiently considered: the propagation of natural spatial variability and errors in satellite retrievals of cloud optical depth and cloud effective radius to estimates of CDNC and LWP. Here we use satellite and simulated measurements to demonstrate that, because of this propagation, even a positive LWP adjustment is likely to be misinterpreted as negative. This biasing effect therefore leads to an underestimate of the aerosol-cloud-climate cooling and must be properly considered in future studies.
Structures of the R-type human Cav2.3 channel reveal conformational crosstalk of the intracellular segments
Authors: Yao Xia , Wang Yan , Wang Zhifei , Fan Xiao , Wu Di , Huang Jian , Mueller Alexander , Gao Sarah , Hu Miaohui , Robinson Carol V. , Yu Yong , Gao Shuai , Yan Nieng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe R-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels Cav2.3, widely expressed in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, represent potential drug targets for pain, seizures, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s disease. Despite their physiological importance, there have lacked selective small-molecule inhibitors targeting these channels. High-resolution structures may aid rational drug design. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human Cav2.3 in complex with α2δ−1 and β3 subunits at an overall resolution of 3.1 Å. The structure is nearly identical to that of Cav2.2, with VSDII in the down state and the other three VSDs up. A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecule binds to the interface of VSDII and the tightly closed pore domain. We also determined the cryo-EM structure of a Cav2.3 mutant in which a Cav2-unique cytosolic helix in repeat II (designated the CH2II helix) is deleted. This mutant, named ΔCH2, still reserves a down VSDII, but PIP2 is invisible and the juxtamembrane region on the cytosolic side is barely discernible. Our structural and electrophysiological characterizations of the wild type and ΔCH2 Cav2.3 show that the CH2II helix stabilizes the inactivated conformation of the channel by tightening the cytosolic juxtamembrane segments, while CH2II helix is not necessary for locking the down state of VSDII.
Time-resolved β-lactam cleavage by L1 metallo-β-lactamase
Authors: Wilamowski M. , Sherrell D. A. , Kim Y. , Lavens A. , Henning R. W. , Lazarski K. , Shigemoto A. , Endres M. , Maltseva N. , Babnigg G. , Burdette S. C. , Srajer V. , Joachimiak A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSerial x-ray crystallography can uncover binding events, and subsequent chemical conversions occurring during enzymatic reaction. Here, we reveal the structure, binding and cleavage of moxalactam antibiotic bound to L1 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Using time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography, we show the time course of β-lactam hydrolysis and determine ten snapshots (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 300, 500, 2000 and 4000 ms) at 2.20 Å resolution. The reaction is initiated by laser pulse releasing Zn2+ ions from a UV-labile photocage. Two metal ions bind to the active site, followed by binding of moxalactam and the intact β-lactam ring is observed for 100 ms after photolysis. Cleavage of β-lactam is detected at 150 ms and the ligand is significantly displaced. The reaction product adjusts its conformation reaching steady state at 2000 ms corresponding to the relaxed state of the enzyme. Only small changes are observed in the positions of Zn2+ ions and the active site residues. Mechanistic details captured here can be generalized to other MBLs.