bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human-Nature Relationships for the Flathead Wild and Scenic River System: Analyzing Diversity, Synergies, and Tensions in a Mountainous Region of Montana, USA
Authors: Armatas Christopher A. , Borrie William T. , Watson Alan E. 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementNatural resource planners face the challenging task of sustaining the diverse range of human-nature relationships supported by mountain systems. Planners of the Flathead Wild and Scenic River system cannot reasonably consider and communicate each individual human-nature relationship in the planning process. We present a social science approach that facilitates public engagement by having members of the interested public prioritize human and ecological meanings and services. Statistical analysis distills the diverse range of human-nature relationships into a limited number to be considered by river planners. Six typified human-nature relationships are explored, and through an understanding of synergies and tensions, planners gain knowledge to support both decision-making and communication for sustaining the integrated mountain system.
Resilience and Sustainability of the Maloti-Drakensberg Mountain System: A Case Study on the Upper uThukela Catchment
Authors: Mathinya Neo V. , Clark Vincent Ralph , van Tol Johan J. , Franke Angelinus C. 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementThe chapter describes the conflicting interests of water users in the uThukela catchment of the Maloti-Drakensberg (MD) mountain system, including the implications of poor management on ecosystem health and livelihoods. As this is a strategic water resource area for both Lesotho and South Africa, effective management towards sustainability is critical, but is currently retarded by the complexities of shared but disputed boundaries, and competing land uses. Improved rangeland management practices, backed by education and awareness, can improve the resilience of the system. However, this requires the buy-in of all stakeholders to reduce degradation and invest in improvement of the catchment. Otherwise, degradation will exacerbate water shortages in an already water scarce region – especially during El Nino-linked droughts, predicted to become more intense with climate change.
Invasive Alien Plants in the Montane Areas of South Africa: Impacts and Management Options
Authors: Canavan Kim , Canavan Susan , Clark Vincent Ralph , Gwate Onalenna , Mapaura Anthony , Richardson David M. , Steenhuisen Sandy-Lynn , Martin Grant D. 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementInvasive alien plants (IAPs) in South African mountains are both threatening and supporting ecosystem services and human well-being for local communities, as well as those in nearby lowland areas. Higher elevation mountain areas have distinct IAP compositions compared to lower elevation mountains due to their unique climatic conditions. Management of IAPs in these montane settings presents many challenges and needs to work on multi-value-based approaches that ensure the inclusion of communities in the decision making. We advocate for more mountain-specific research that can guide and upscale National Resource Management to implement programmes that are relevant to the socio-ecological circumstances in these high elevation areas.
Can Local Knowledge of Small-Scale Fishers Be Used to Monitor and Assess Changes in Marine Ecosystems in a European Context?
Authors: Piñeiro-Corbeira Cristina , Barrientos Sara , Barreiro Rodolfo , Aswani Shankar , Pascual-Fernández José J. , De la Cruz-Modino Raquel 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementIn the last decades, many coastal areas have observed dramatic changes in marine ecosystems, due to anthropogenic and environmental alterations. The general absence of long-term data sets in the marine environment and, more specifically, on benthic and demersal communities represents a severe issue for management and conservation. We propose to incorporate the small-scale fishers’ knowledge and science for better policy recommendations, both in terms of fisheries optimization and resource conservation. Based on two different cases of study with diverse ecosystems, we explore the combination of quantitative and qualitative tools, and participative techniques used to incorporate fishers’ local ecological knowledge. The results highlight fishers’ capacity to identify coastal and marine landscapes resources and changes, reinforcing and complementing the scientific assessment.
A Nature-Based Solution for Coastal Foredune Restoration: The Case Study of Maghery, County Donegal, Ireland
Authors: Lawlor Paul , Jackson Derek W. T. 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementClimate change has many negative impacts on coastal areas with sea level rise and more frequent and intense storms leading to higher rates of coastal flooding and erosion. Natural coastal features such as beaches and sand dune systems can boost resilience to climate change and provide an effective buffer against negative impacts. This case study from Maghery in Ireland demonstrates how a partnership of stakeholders comprising Local Government, Ulster University and the coastal community implemented a Nature-based Solution to regenerate a coastal foredune system in a Special Area of Conservation. The Nature-based Solution also proved to be a more effective and a more appropriate adaptation response than constructing a hard engineering scheme to protect the coastline.
Development of BIM Management System
Authors: Pavan Alberto , Caffi Vittorio , Valra Alessandro , Madeddu Davide , Farina Diego , Chiappetti Jacopo , Mirarchi Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith BS 1192:2007 and even more so with BS PAS 1199-2:2013 and 1192-3:2014, the concept of Common Data Environment (CDE) of the order (project, construction or management that is). Originating from a standard dedicated to design (BS 1192:2007) and although its concept has been extended to information management in general: Capex (strategy, project, construction: PAS 1192-2) and Opex (exercise: PAS 1192-3), the CDE, as it is understood today in common practice, is still very much affected by the original link with the design and the design phase (and in particular the design in the new building). All this according to an information flow that is still very linear and sequential: client, designer, builder, manager, user; more than circular, as the so-called BIM methodology would like. The risk, therefore, is that the commercial software market is affected by this CDE approach, which is also useful for the very rich real estate market of the emerging economies, neglecting the construction market of the more consolidated economies (Europe for before), very built up, and aimed more at housing quality, sustainability, reuse, and renewal of the existing heritage rather than the new one. It is consequently necessary to define new information flows and a new type of information management environment (CDE) for the phases of use, conservation, and renovation of buildings for the European market. The need arises for a specific BIM Management System (BIMMS, overcoming the classic CDE) for asset management and their enhancement that collects information from the buildings themselves and its users (Digital Twins, IoT, sensors, etc.). A new CDE / BIMMS that uses semantics and open dialogue, via API, with multiple Tools rather than acting as a repository of files and models. BIMMS is a new concept of CDE created for the operation/renovation phases in mature real estate markets (such as the European one).
Data, Methods and Comparisons
Authors: Schneider Jens , Schnell Philipp , Eve Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the Pathways to Success and ELITES projects and explains the decision to focus on children of migrants who have achieved steep social mobility compared to their parents, and the connection with the earlier TIES project, a quantitative comparison of the second generation in several European countries. The first part of the chapter analyses background data from the TIES study: comparative data on the educational and occupational trajectories of children of migrants from Turkey in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Sweden. These show that, even though the socio-economic backgrounds and migration histories of the first generation were similar in these four nations, the educational and occupational trajectories of their children were widely different, both in terms of the percentages of the second generation who attained ‘success’, and the specific ‘pathways’ used (e.g. through the education system or in the labour market). To give readers a clear conception of the type of problems the Pathways and ELITES projects first encountered, the chapter then continues with an explanation of the methods used by the various national research teams in the Pathways to Success consortium and the ELITES project to investigate the social mechanisms underlying these kinds of differences, found in diverse national – but also occupational – ‘integration contexts’. The sampling criteria used for the qualitative interviewees are described, and basic data is provided on who was interviewed by the various research teams. Without overlapping with methodological information given in individual chapters, the topics covered by all the teams’ interviews are listed. The final part of the chapter touches on some of the problems involved in making qualitative comparisons of ‘integration contexts’ (whether taking nations, cities or occupations as the units of comparison).
Teachers of Immigrant Origin: Contextual Factors and Resource Mobilization in Professional Life
Authors: Fibbi Rosita , Aparicio Gómez Rosa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses the professional choices, access to the professional field and professional experiences of tertiary-educated descendants of labour immigrants who have embraced the teaching profession. While a number of studies of socially mobile immigrant-origin adults concentrate on the resources mobilized to override the laws of social reproduction, this chapter embeds its analysis in the theoretical frame of integration context theory, which postulates that meso and macro contextual factors are of crucial importance for mobility. These factors range from general, historically evolved country-specific institutional arrangements, such as the civil service system, to targeted migrant integration policies, such as measures to recruit teachers. These dimensions are combined and synthesized in a typology of contexts. A typology of institutional opportunity structure based on these dimensions allowed us to build a comparative grid for the analysis of the rich qualitative interviews of 46 teachers of immigrant origin (TIOs) in five countries. The study emphasizes how institutional opportunity structures do or do not allow resources such as professional and ethnic networks to be relevant. By defining which attributes can be effectively mobilized by educationally successful descendants of immigrants, institutional opportunity structures shape their professional trajectory and delineate leeway for the interpretation of the professional role of TIOs.
High Performance Parallel LOBPCG Method for Large Hamiltonian Derived from Hubbard Model on Multi-GPU Systems
Authors: Yamada Susumu , Imamura Toshiyuki , Machida Masahiko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe physical property of the Hubbard model can be understood by solving the eigenvalue problem for the Hamiltonian derived from the model. Since the Hamiltonian is a large sparse matrix, an iteration method is usually utilized for solving the problems. One of effectual solvers for this problem is the LOBPCG (Locally Optimal Block Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient) method. The tuning strategies of the method on GPU systems when all iteration vectors are stored in device memory have been proposed. In this research, we propose tuning strategies for parallel LOBPCG method on multi-GPU system when the Hamiltonian is large and some iteration vectors are stored in host memory. When the LOBPCG method is used for solving multi eigenpairs (eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors), the number of iteration vectors, whose size is the same as the dimension of the Hamiltonian, is proportional to the number of the eigenpairs. On the other hand, the memory consumption for the non-zero elements of the Hamiltonian can be significantly reduced by considering the regular arrangement of the elements. Therefore, when we execute the LOBPCG method for a large Hamiltonian on GPUs, some of the vectors have to be stored on host memory and have to be transferred between host and device memory as needed. Since the cost of the data transfer is very large, we also propose the optimization for it. The simulation result on a multi-GPU system shows that the optimization of the data transfer is very effective for high performance computing.
Vapor Condensation Under Electric Field: A Study Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Chen Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe condensation of water vapor on the substrate surface under electric field is studied by molecular dynamics simulation, and a series of behaviors of water molecules during condensation were studied, such as nucleation, growth and coalescence. In the process of condensation, there will be some small clusters, whose size increases with the increase of time, and under the action of the movement of water molecules in vapor, the clusters move irregularly on the substrate surface and coalesced into larger clusters. And the droplets will be stretched along the direction of the electric field. Interestingly, the condensation will decrease with the increase of the electric field strength under the electric field perpendicular to the surface. The results also show that the orientations of water molecule dipole are closely related to the direction of electric field, indicating that the electric field causes the realignment of water molecules. The research shows that the electric intensity will have great impact on vapor condensation, which provides guidance for reversible adjustment of vapor condensation and the design of intelligent surface.
Promoting the use of the PI-QUAL score for prostate MRI quality: results from the ESOR Nicholas Gourtsoyiannis teaching fellowship
Authors: Giganti Francesco , Cole Alexander P. , Fennessy Fiona M. , Clinton Timothy , Moreira Pedro Lopes Da Frota , Bernardes Mariana Costa , Westin Carl-Fredrik , Krishnaswamy Deepa , Fedorov Andriy , Wollin Daniel A. , Langbein Bjoern , Frego Nicola , Labban Muhieddine , Badaoui Joy S. , Chang Steven L. , Briggs Logan G. , Tokuda Junichi , Ambrosi Alessandro , Kirkham Alex , Emberton Mark , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Moore Caroline M. , Allen Clare , Tempany Clare M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score is a new metric to evaluate the diagnostic quality of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate. This study assesses the impact of an intervention, namely a prostate MRI quality training lecture, on the participant’s ability to apply PI-QUAL.

Methods
Sixteen participants (radiologists, urologists, physicists, and computer scientists) of varying experience in reviewing diagnostic prostate MRI all assessed the image quality of ten examinations from different vendors and machines. Then, they attended a dedicated lecture followed by a hands-on workshop on MRI quality assessment using the PI-QUAL score. Five scans assessed by the participants were evaluated in the workshop using the PI-QUAL score for teaching purposes. After the course, the same participants evaluated the image quality of a new set of ten scans applying the PI-QUAL score. Results were assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The reference standard was the PI-QUAL score assessed by one of the developers of PI-QUAL.

Results
There was a significant improvement in average area under the curve for the evaluation of image quality from baseline (0.59 [95 % confidence intervals: 0.50–0.66]) to post-teaching (0.96 [0.92–0.98]), an improvement of 0.37 [0.21–0.41] (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
A teaching course (dedicated lecture + hands-on workshop) on PI-QUAL significantly improved the application of this scoring system to assess the quality of prostate MRI examinations.

Key Points
• A significant improvement in the application of PI-QUAL for the assessment of prostate MR image quality was observed after an educational intervention.
• Appropriate training on image quality can be delivered to those involved in the acquisition and interpretation of prostate MRI.
• Further investigation will be needed to understand the impact on improving the acquisition of high-quality diagnostic prostate MR examinations.
Caregiving-related experiences associated with depression severity and its symptomatology among caregivers of individuals with a severe mental disorder: an online cross-sectional study
Authors: Lespine Louis-Ferdinand , Bohec Anne-Lise , Dorey Jean-Michel , Berbey Céline Dubien , Lourioux Charles , D’amato Thierry , Krebs Marie-Odile , Rouch Isabelle , Rey Romain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCaring for a relative with a severe mental disorder puts family caregivers to a great risk of depression. While overall caregiving burden is a strong predictor of depression, the contribution of the various dimensions of burden to caregivers’ depression as well as their relationships with depressive symptoms has received little attention. 384 family caregivers completed a cross-sectional online survey including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and the Brief Experience of Caregiving Inventory (BECI), measuring caregiving burden and experience. We estimated the structure of the relationships between caregiving experiences (i.e., ZBI and BECI subscales) and CES-D symptoms using a network approach. Negative Emotion/Consequences, (lack of) Positive Personal Experience, and Stigma/Effects on Family were the most connected caregiving dimensions to depression. To untangle the role of the Negative Emotion/Consequences component (by far the most central node in estimated networks), a secondary analysis incorporating its composing items was estimated. Losing control over life, feeling strained around the relative and impaired self-perceived health emerged as central nodes. Interestingly, these caregiving-related dimensions or experiences were differentially connected to depressive symptoms. We discuss how these findings might help future research and inform tailored psychoeducational interventions for family caregivers of people with a severe mental disorder.
Precipitate number density determination in microalloyed steels by complementary atom probe tomography and matrix dissolution
Authors: Weber Louis , Webel Johannes , Mücklich Frank , Kraus Tobias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParticle number densities are a crucial parameter in the microstructure engineering of microalloyed steels. We introduce a new method to determine nanoscale precipitate number densities of macroscopic samples that is based on the matrix dissolution technique (MDT) and combine it with atom probe tomography (APT). APT counts precipitates in microscopic samples of niobium and niobium-titanium microalloyed steels. The new method uses MDT combined with analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) of extracted precipitates, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, and APT. We compare the precipitate number density ranges from APT of 137.81 to 193.56 × 1021 m−3 for the niobium steel and 104.90 to 129.62 × 1021 m−3 for the niobium-titanium steel to the values from MDT of 2.08 × 1021 m−3 and 2.48 × 1021 m−3. We find that systematic errors due to undesired particle loss during extraction and statistical uncertainties due to the small APT volumes explain the differences. The size ranges of precipitates that can be detected via APT and AUC are investigated by comparison of the obtained precipitate size distributions with transmission electron microscopy analyses of carbon extraction replicas. The methods provide overlapping resulting ranges. MDT probes very large numbers of small particles but is limited by errors due to particle etching, while APT can detect particles with diameters below 10 nm but is limited by small-number statistics. The combination of APT and MDT provides comprehensive data which allows for an improved understanding of the interrelation between thermo-mechanical controlled processing parameters, precipitate number densities, and resulting mechanical-technological material properties.
Graphical abstract
Variation in dose response of three dosimetry systems based on diphenyl thiocarbazone
Authors: Gafar S. M. , El-Ahdal M. A. , El-Shawadfy S. R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree different dosimetry systems were prepared based on diphenyl thiocarbazone (DTH) dye: polymer films made with, poly(vinyl alcohol), DTH liquid dosimeter and DTH gel dosimeter. All the systems received several gamma doses. The three systems were analyzing by UV–Vis spectrophotometery before and after irradiation. The effective dose range in the linear part of these systems is between 1–10 kGy, 0.3–2 kGy, and 50–200 Gy. The dose range of these three dosimeters relies on the concentration of DTH. The radiation chemical yield (G-value) was determined for the three prepared dosimeters, and all three radiation dosimeters were examined before and after irradiation.
A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanistic Way of Hexaflumuron and Hymexazol Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Hassanen Eman I. , Hussien Ahmed M. , Hassan Neven H. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Mehanna Sally 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPesticides are widely used in agriculture to kill pests, but their action is non-selective and results in several hazardous effects on humans and animals. Pesticide toxicity has been demonstrated to alter a variety of neurological functions and predisposes to various neurodegenerative diseases. Although, there is no data available for hexaflumuron (HFM) and hymexazol (HML) neurotoxicity. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms of HFM and HML neurotoxicity. 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups and daily received the treatment via oral gavage for 14 days as follows: group (1) normal saline, group (2) HFM (1/100LD50), and group (3) HML (1/100 LD50). Our results revealed that both HFM and HML produced a significant increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH and CAT activity in some brain areas. There were severe histopathological alterations mainly neuronal necrosis and gliosis in different examined areas. Upregulation of mRNA levels of JNK and Bax with downregulation of Bcl-2 was also recorded in both pesticides exposed groups. In all studied toxicological parameters, HML produced neurotoxicity more than HFM. HFM targets the cerebral cortex and striatum, while HML targets the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We can conclude that both HFM and HML provoke neurobehavioral toxicity through oxidative stress that impairs the mitochondrial function and activates the JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.