bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humanoid control of lower limb exoskeleton robot based on human gait data with sliding mode neural network
Authors: Yu Jun , Zhang Shuaishuai , Wang Aihui , Li Wei , Ma Zhengxiang , Yue Xuebin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLower limb exoskeleton robots offer an effective treatment for patients with lower extremity dysfunction. In order to improve the rehabilitation training effect based on the human motion mechanism, this paper proposes a humanoid sliding mode neural network controller based on the human gait. A humanoid model is constructed based on the human mechanism, and the parameterised gait trajectory is used as target to design the humanoid control system for robots. Considering the imprecision of the robot dynamics model, the neural network is adopted to compensate for the uncertain part of the model and improve the model accuracy. Moreover, the sliding mode control in the system improves the response speed, tracking performance, and stability of the control system. The Lyapunov stability analysis proves the stability of the control system theoretically. Meanwhile, an evaluation method using the similarity function is improved based on joint angle, velocity, and acceleration to evaluate the comfort of humans in rehabilitation training more reasonably. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations are carried out based on experimental data. The results show that the control system could accurately track the target trajectory, of which the robot is highly similar to the human.
Prevalence of Impairment of Visual Acuity and Severity of Retinopathy
in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cleemen Constantin , Müller Nicolle , Lehmann Thomas , Voigt Ulrich A. , Meller Daniel , Kloos Christof , Wolf Gunter , Müller Ulrich A , Voigt Margarete 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims No information exists on the frequency of visual impairment in people
with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Germany. In this study, the prevalence of vision
impairment in those individuals was investigated.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 295 people (14221
consultations) at a university outpatient clinic with any type of DM and an
available ETDRS-Score and visual acuity. The primary outcome was the prevalence
of visual impairment, the secondary outcome was the correlation of the
ETDRS-Score and limitations of visual acuity and the prevalence of higher
ETDRS-Score with a visual impairment defined as a
decimal-visus</=0.3.
Results The prevalence of visual impairment in participants with DM was
11.2%; among these individuals, 81.8% had no or
non-proliferative retinopathy. In the DM2 subgroup, 81.5% (n=22)
of the visually impaired participants had no DR, in contrast to only
16.7% (n=1) in the DM1 subgroup. Progression in ETDRS-Score led
to worse visual acuity (r=−0.209; p<0.001). A
significantly related covariates with impairment of the visual acuity for
individuals with DM1 was the duration of diabetes (B=−0.007;
p=0.001) and for individuals with DM2, the age
(B=−0.008; p=0.009).
Conclusions The prevalence of impaired vision in people with diabetes in
our cohort was 11.2%,<20% of visual impairment in people
with diabetes is caused by diabetic retinopathy, and 69.7% of
participants with visual impairment had no DR. In our study patients without
visual impairment showed a similar distribution of DR severity levels regardless
of the type of diabetes.
Linguale Behandlung bei Patienten mit Molaren-Inzisiven
Hypomineralisation
Authors: Richter Susanna Isabel , Kopp Svenja Lina , Gerberding Elena , Beyling Frauke 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungKlinische Fallbeispiele (Non-Ex und Ex) bei ausgeprägter
Molaren-Inzisiven Hypomineralisation unter Verwendung einer
vollständig individuellen lingualen Apparatur.
Ring-Rearrangement Metathetic Approach to Fused 6/5/6/5/6-Oxacyclic Ring System and Bipentalene Derivatives
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Jena Kunkumita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe have developed a useful synthetic route to a 6/5/6/5/6-oxacyclic ring system and bipentalene derivatives from dimeric 7-oxonorbornene derivatives by using ring-rearrangement metathesis as a key step. This method provides access to fused oxacycles containing eight stereogenic centers in just three steps and to bipentalene derivatives in two steps only.
The Effect of Centella asiatica Methanolic Extract on Expression of IL-1β Proinflammatory Cytokines in Severe Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Razak Fathillah Abdul , Kusumawardhani Devy Putri , Nagoro Ayu Anggraini Broto , Fadhila Naura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective This article analyzes the role of C. asiatica extract in reducing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β produced by salivary neutrophils.
Material and Methods Selected kindergartens in the Surabaya area provided samples. The sample was initially checked for dental caries by measuring its def-t index, and then the participants who satisfied the requirements for severe caries with a def-t of greater than 6 were chosen. At the time of sampling, all of the individuals were between the ages of 4 and 6. The sampling was performed by researchers and certified persons using well-known methodologies. For 60 minutes before to sampling, respondents were not allowed to eat, drink, chew gum, or brush their teeth. For analysis, the samples were collected and then frozen at −80°C.
Results The administration of methanolic extract C. asiatica decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β on the surface of salivary neutrophils on S-ECC; The administration of C. asiatica methanol extract resulted in a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β on the surface of salivary neutrophils in S-ECC.
Conclusion C. asiatica extract has the effect of reducing the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β produced by salivary neutrophils on S-ECC via inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen–activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation and suggest that C. asiatica is a possible candidate for treating S-ECC.
How Common is Subsequent Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction or Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome After Ankle Sprain Injury?
Authors: Foster Kaitlyn S. , Greenlee Tina A. , Young Jodi L. , Janney Cory F. , Rhon Daniel I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPosterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) are debilitating conditions reported to occur after ankle sprain due to their proximity to the ankle complex. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of PTTD and TTS in the 2 years following an ankle sprain and which variables are associated with its onset. In total, 22,966 individuals in the Military Health System diagnosed with ankle sprain between 2010 and 2011 were followed for 2 years. The incidence of PTTD and TTS after ankle sprain was identified. Binary logistic regression was used to identify potential demographic or medical history factors associated with PTTD or TTS. In total, 617 (2.7%) received a PTTD diagnosis and 127 (0.6%) received a TTS diagnosis. Active-duty status (odds ratio [OR] 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70–2.79), increasing age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04), female sex (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.28–1.95), and if the sprain location was specified by the diagnosis (versus unspecified location) and did not include a fracture contributed to significantly higher (p < 0.001) risk of developing PTTD. Greater age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09), female sex (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.74–4.29), history of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03–2.89), and active-duty status (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.38–3.77) also significantly increased the odds of developing TTS, while sustaining a concurrent ankle fracture with the initial ankle sprain (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28–0.70) significantly decreased the odds. PTTD and TTS were not common after ankle sprain. However, they still merit consideration as postinjury sequelae, especially in patients with persistent symptoms. Increasing age, type of sprain, female sex, metabolic syndrome, and active-duty status were all significantly associated with the development of one or both subsequent injuries. This work provides normative data for incidence rates of these subsequent injuries and can help increase awareness of these conditions, leading to improved management of refractory ankle sprain injuries.
Impact of a Retained Instrument on Treatment Outcome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rao Lakshmi Nidhi , Thirunarayanan Sembaga Lakshmi , Shetty Aditya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInstrument separation during endodontic therapy is a frequent accident with rotary instruments being more likely to separate than manual ones. There are various treatment options when the instrument separates in a canal depending on the location, complexity of the canal anatomy, and the operators' ability. The success of the tooth that has a retained fragment of instrument in the canal has been assessed in various studies but no clear conclusion has been drawn. The goal of this systematic review is to answer as many questions as possible. Does the retention of a separated instrument, compared with no retained separated instrument, result in a worse clinical outcome in adult patients who have received nonsurgical root canal treatment?
Materials and Methodology The search was conducted with the boolean terms in various database following the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were set for the inclusion of the study for the systematic review.
Results Out of the 330 articles that were obtained, 28 were duplicates. After screening for eligibility, only 7 articles were retrieved for full text. When inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, none of the studies could be included.
Conclusion There is still a lack of consensus on the treatment option for a separated instrument and there is no clear evidence to suggest whether the prognosis of the tooth with retained instrument is reduced or not.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status Does Not Independently Predict 2-Year Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Elzomor Amir , Malyavko Alisa , Agarwal Amil R. , Cohen Jordan S. , Campbell Joshua , Golladay Gregory J. , Thakkar Savyasachi C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith improved treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in this population has increased. Studying the relationship between HIV and postoperative complications following TKA will allow orthopaedic surgeons to accurately assess their patients' surgical risk and provide appropriate counseling. This study aims to understand how HIV impacts surgical and medical complications following TKA for osteoarthritis (OA). Patients identified in a national insurance database who underwent TKA for OA from 2010 to 2019 were divided into three cohorts: no HIV, asymptomatic HIV, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine 90-day postoperative complications as well as 2-year surgical complications (revision surgery, prosthetic joint infection, aseptic loosening, and manipulation under anesthesia). A total of 855,373 patients were included, of whom 1,338 had asymptomatic HIV and 268 had AIDS. After multivariable regression analysis, patients with HIV had no difference in 2-year surgical complications relative to the control cohort. Within 90 days postoperatively, patients with asymptomatic HIV had increased odds of arrhythmia without atrial fibrillation and lower odds of anemia. Patients with AIDS had increased odds of anemia and renal failure. Patients with HIV and AIDS are at an increased risk for developing 90-day medical complications and 2-year surgical complications. However, after accounting for their comorbidities, the risk of 90-day complications was only mildly increased and the risk of 2-year surgical complications approximated the control cohort. Surgeons should pay particular attention to these patients' overall comorbidities, which appear to be more closely associated with postoperative risks than HIV status alone. Level of evidence: III.
You don’t get to see that every day
Authors: Hilpert Martin , Perek Florent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the study of grammaticalization phenomena from the perspective of Construction Grammar (Coussé et al. 2018). It is concerned with modal uses of the English verbgetthat express a permitted action, as inThe prisoners always get to make one phone call. Different views exist on the contexts in which permissivegetemerged. Gronemeyer (1999: 30) suggests that the permissive meaning derives from causative uses (I got him to confess). An alternative is proposed by van der Auwera et al. (2009: 283), who view permissivegetas an extension of its acquisitive meaning (I got a present). We revisit these claims in the light of recent historical data from American English. Specifically, we searched the COHA (Davies 2010) for forms ofgetfollowed bytoand a verb in the infinitive. Besides examples of permissiveget, we retrieved examples of obligativegot to(I got to leave), causativeget(Who did you get to confess?), possessivegot(What have I got to be ashamed of?), and a category that we label inchoativeget(You’re getting to be a big girl now). Drawing on distributional semantic techniques (Perek 2016,2018), we analyse how permissivegetand inchoativegetdeveloped semantically over time. Our results are consistent with an account that represents an alternative to bothGronemeyer (1999)andvan der Auwera et al. (2009), namely the idea that permissivegetevolved out of inchoative uses that invited the idea of a permission.
Cross-cultural dialogue in the Polish-English translation of neologisms
Authors: Salich Hanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article discusses selected neologisms that Stanisław Lem, a Polish science-fiction writer, created for two of his numerous short stories featuring Ijon Tichy, a space traveler. It is not only their surprising and appealing structure that makes these creations and their English counterparts an interesting subject for analysis, but also, and more importantly, the fact that they carry specific allusions, which renders them humorous in their contextual appearance. All these characteristics contribute to a translation challenge present in the neologisms analyzed. The article focuses on how – and with what result – this challenge has been approached by the translators who handled it in an endeavor to expand the dialogic space between the author and his audience.
Modeling the behavior of two-electron atom at critical nuclear charge
Authors: Zheng Ruo Yu , Jiao Li Guang , Liu Aihua , Ma Jia , Montgomery H E , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The expectation values of radial and angular quantities for two-electron atoms at the critical nuclear charge where the ground state ceases to exist are calculated employing the Hylleraas-configuration interaction basis functions. The radial quantities achieve better convergence than previous predictions and accurate angular quantities are reported for the first time. Based on these quantities, the geometric structure of the system is examined to support the criteria that the critical behavior of the system can be modeled by the inner and outer electrons separately. The work of King et al (2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 022509) has shown that the inner-electron probability density distribution closely resembles that of a hydrogenic atom. Here we further show that the outer electron can be reasonably modeled by a shifted exponential polarization potential with soft truncation in the short range. The model potential proposed here reproduces very well the radial expectation value of the outer electron as well as the peak position, maximum magnitude, and long-range asymptotic behavior of the outer-electron radial density distribution.
Structural transformations and thermal stability of RhGe synthesized under high temperature and pressure
Authors: Kamaeva L V , Magnitskaya M V , Suslov A A , Tsvyashchenko A V , Chtchelkatchev N M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Here, we study B20-type RhGe, a representative of a class of non-centrosymmetric monosilicides and monogermanides, which possess unique topological and magnetic properties important for many possible applications. The stability and phase transitions of the non-equilibrium B20-RhGe phase that can only be obtained under high pressure, are investigated theoretically using ab initio calculations and experimentally by means of differential scanning calorimetry. For RhGe and, for comparison, for its analogue RhSi, we conducted an evolutionary search for low-energy polymorphic modifications at zero temperature and then performed simulations of their behavior at finite temperatures. The (

P
,
T

) conditions of stability for the found polymorphs are determined. Our calorimetric studies on high-pressure-synthesized RhGe samples allowed us to reveal peculiarities in thermal stability and heating-induced phase transformations. X-ray diffraction analysis and microstructure analysis of the samples were carried out before and after the heating. We also determined the specific heat from calorimetric measurements and compared the results with our calculations in the quasi-harmonic approximation.
Optical gas sensor based on the combination of a QD photoluminescent probe and a QD photodetector
Authors: Mitri Federica , De Iacovo Andrea , De Santis Serena , Quarta Danila , Giansante Carlo , Orsini Monica , Colace Lorenzo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report on a sensor architecture for detection of hazardous gases. The proposed device is based on the integration of a solid-state quantum dot (QD) photoluminescent probe with a QD photodetector on the same substrate. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by developing a compact optical sensor for trace detection of explosives in air. The proposed architecture is very simple and consists of a silicon substrate with both surfaces coated with QD films. The upper layer acts as photoluminescent probe, pumped by a blue LED. The change of photoluminescence intensity associated to the interaction between the QDs and the target analyte is measured by the QD photodetector fabricated on the opposite side of the substrate. The sensor is mounted into a small chamber provided with the LED and the front-end electronics. The device is characterized by using nitrobenzene as representative nitroaromatic compound. Extremely low concentrations (down to 0.1 ppm) can be detected by the proposed device, with a theoretical detection limit estimated to be as low as 2 ppb. Results are repeatable and no ageing effect is observed over a 70 d period. The proposed architecture may provide a promising solution for explosive detection in air as well as other sensing applications, thanks to its sensitivity, simple fabrication process, practical usability and cost effectiveness.
A simple classroom exercise for teaching principles of ultrasound diagnostic using two springs
Authors: Pašić Selim , Popara Nato 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a novel method for demonstrating the physical principles of ultrasound imaging at a level suitable for educational programmes up to the university level, using a simple mechanical model that is very inexpensive and accessible to a broad variety of educational institutions. The method revolves around the use of one or two steel springs that can be extended on a flat surface. The spring represents a tissue and the longitudinal wave traveling along the spring represents the propagation of an ultrasound wave in tissue. This method allows students to gain direct experience with wave propagation, reflection and transmission in tissue as well as insight into the physical processes underlying ultrasound imaging. These include equally the ultrasound diagnostic device measurement of the depth of various tissue boundaries, modelled as a simple measurement of the time elapsed between the emission of a wave and the detection of a wave reflected from an object intersecting the spring. An ultrasound device probes the boundary between a formation (an organ or a lesion) and surrounding tissue by registering the amplitude of reflection on the formation, which is proportional to a difference in acoustic impedance between the formation and the tissue. The amplitude of the reflected wave in our apparatus is also proportional to acoustic impedance between the spring and an object like a plastic ruler intersecting the spring, whose stiffness and consequently acoustic impedance can be adjusted by its offset. It is also easy to clearly see the reflected wave on the boundary of two coupled springs (two tissues) with different acoustic impedances. We represent a series of representative measurements using our mechanical model demonstrating its good precision.
Mechanistic modelling of oxygen enhancement ratio of radiation via Monte Carlo simulation-based DNA damage calculation
Authors: Lai Youfang , Chi Yujie , Jia Xun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Oxygen plays an important role in affecting the cellular radio-sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The objective of this study is to build a mechanistic model to compute oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) using a GPU-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulation package gMicroMC for microscopic radiation transport simulation and DNA damage calculation. Approach. We first simulated the water radiolysis process in the presence of DNA and oxygen for 1 ns and recorded the produced DNA damages. In this process, chemical reactions among oxygen, water radiolysis free radicals and DNA molecules were considered. We then applied a probabilistic approach to model the reactions between oxygen and indirect DNA damages for a maximal reaction time of t
0. Finally, we defined two parameters P
0 and P
1, representing probabilities for DNA damages without and with oxygen fixation effect not being restored in the repair process, to compute the final DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). As cell survival fraction is mainly determined by the number of DSBs, we assumed that the same numbers of DSBs resulted in the same cell survival rates, which enabled us to compute the OER as the ratio of doses producing the same number of DSBs without and with oxygen. We determined the three parameters (t
0, P
0 and P
1) by fitting the OERs obtained in our computation to a set of published experimental data under x-ray irradiation. We then validated the model by performing OER studies under proton irradiation and studied model sensitivity to parameter values. Main results. We obtained the model parameters as t
0 = 3.8 ms, P
0 = 0.08, and P
1 = 0.28 with a mean difference of 3.8% between the OERs computed by our model and that obtained from experimental measurements under x-ray irradiation. Applying the established model to proton irradiation, we obtained OERs as functions of oxygen concentration, LET, and dose values, which generally agreed with published experimental data. The parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that the absolute magnitude of the OER curve relied on the values of P
0 and P
1, while the curve was subject to a horizontal shift when adjusting t
0. Significance. This study developed a mechanistic model that fully relies on microscopic MC simulations to compute OER.