bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market-Induced Fiscal Discipline in Europe
Authors: Cafiso Gianluca , Cellini Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe discuss and test market-induced fiscal discipline, with an emphasis on the conditions that determine its emergence. The analysis is based on the effect of the public-debt interest bill on key budget variables in the European Union over the 1995–2019 period. We focus on conditions regarding threshold effects, institutional characteristics and the government’s political orientation. We assess also whether fiscal discipline, which we detect on average, emerges constantly over the entire period. Overall, a positive robust effect from interest payments to the primary budget emerges, such an effect materializes mainly through expenditure containment and it results to depend significantly on some of the conditions tested.
Zinc Vaporization and Self-reduction Behavior of Industrial Waste Residues for Recycling to the HIsarna Furnace
Authors: Kerry Timothy , Peters Alexander , Georgakopoulos Evangelos , Dugulan Iulian , Meijer Koen , Hage Johannes , Offerman Erik , Yang Yongxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithin the steelmaking industry, a large amount of zinc-bearing waste is produced which cannot be effectively treated through integrated steel mills. Concurrently, zinc smelters generate waste residues containing significant amounts of iron and zinc which are stored or landfilled. The zinc concentration of iron and steelmaking residues inhibits its recycling to the blast furnace but is insufficient to be sent directly to the zinc producers. Consequently, a means of up-concentration is required. The pilot HIsarna ironmaking furnace has shown potential for processing secondary iron-bearing resources. Furthermore, zinc can be concentrated in the off-gas flue dust, providing an enriched input for zinc smelters. The potential recyclability of blast furnace (BF) and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) dust and ‘goethite’ residue from the zinc industry has been studied. The input materials have been comprehensively characterized and their reduction–vaporization behavior, has been investigated. Individual samples were tested at temperatures of up to 1300 °C. Here, it was shown that minimal reduction of iron and volatilization of zinc occurred in the goethite and BOF samples. Conversely, even at 1000 °C, the BF dust showed complete reduction of iron and removal of zinc within 30 min. This was due to its high carbon content (40 wt%) which can act as a reductant. Consequently, mixtures of BOF dust and goethite with BF dust were studied. It has been shown that mixtures of 30:70 BF dust to goethite and 20:80 BF dust to BOF dust are suitable for recovering zinc to the gas phase and fully reducing the contained iron.
Graphical Abstract
Moderators of reputation effects in peer-to-peer online markets: a meta-analytic model selection approach
Authors: Jiao Ruohuang , Przepiorka Wojtek , Buskens Vincent 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of seller reputation on seller success in peer-to-peer online markets has been investigated in dozens of studies by means of the analysis of digital trace data. A recent meta-analysis synthesizing evidence from over a hundred studies corroborates that sellers with a better reputation sell more products at higher prices. However, the meta-analysis also shows that these reputation effects exhibit excess variation that cannot be attributed to sampling error. Moreover, there is still little consensus on how the size of a reputation effect should be interpreted and what might cause its variation. Here we use a meta-analytic model selection approach and multi-model inference on two subsets of 406 coefficient estimates to identify potential moderators of reputation effects. We identify contextual, product-related, and method-related moderators. Our results show that, among others, geographical region, product condition, sample size, and type of regression model have a bearing on the size of the reputation effect. The moderating effect of the geographical region suggests that reputation effects are substantially larger in the Chinese context than in the European or US contexts. The moderating effect of product condition—estimates based on new products are larger than estimates based on used products—is unexpected and worthwhile investigating further. The moderating effects of sample size and model type could be related to study quality. We do not find evidence for publication bias as a potential explanation for the effects of method-related moderators.
The Normative Power of the GDPR: A Case Study of Data Protection Laws of South Asian Countries
Authors: Bentotahewa Vibhushinie , Hewage Chaminda , Williams Jason 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increased dependency on technology brings national security to the forefront of concerns of the 21st century. It creates many challenges to developing and developed nations in their effort to counter cyber threats and adds to the inherent risk factors associated with technology. The failure to securely protect data would potentially give rise to far-reaching catastrophic consequences. Therefore, it is crucially important to have national, regional, and global data protection policies and regulations to penalise those engaged in unethical use of technology and abuse the system vulnerabilities of technology. This research paper aims to analyse GDPR inspired Bills in the South Asian Region and to identify their appropriateness for developing a global level data protection mechanism, given that Asian nations are far more diverse than those of the European nations. Against that background, the objectives of this paper are to identify GDPR inspired Bills in the South Asian Region, identify the similarities and disparities, and the barriers to developing a regional level data protection mechanism, thereby fulfilling the need for developing a global level mechanism. This research is qualitative in nature, and with that in mind, the researcher conducted an extensive literature survey of previous research papers, journal articles, previous survey reports and government publications on the above content. Taking account of the findings of the survey, the researcher critically analysed the important parameters identified in the literature review. The key findings of this research indicate that many countries in the South Asian region are in the process of reviewing their current data protection mechanisms, in line with GDPR. In concluding, the researcher emphasised the need to develop adequate data protection mechanisms and believed that going forward it would be the appropriate and practical way to develop a consensus-based regional mechanism that would ultimately enable to develop a lasting global level data protection mechanism.
A Review of the Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Possible Mechanisms of Disease
Authors: Tong Xingyi , Yang Linzhu , Jiang Chengyan , Weng Zhiying , Zu Anju , Hou Yunjiao , Fang Yan , Yang Weimin , Sun Shibo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) usually leads to the occurrence of diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common gestational complication associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Increasing studies suggest that women with OSA during pregnancy may be at a significantly greater risk of developing GDM. It is crucial to explore the association between OSA and GDM and the mechanisms underlying this association. In this review, we presented a comprehensive literature review of the following: the association between OSA and GDM, the possible mechanisms of this association, and the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on OSA with GDM. The results showed that most authors suggested that there was an association between OSA and GDM. The intermittent hypoxemia (IH) and reduction of slow-wave sleep (SWS) may be the key to this association. IH induces the products of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal, which lead to diabetes. In addition, SWS reduction in OSA enhances the inflammation by increasing the inflammatory cytokines, increases the sympathetic activation, and causes changes in leptin level, which result in the development of GDM. Additionally, whether CPAP is beneficial to GDM remains still unclear.
Adolescent cannabis users who have never smoked a combustible cigarette: trends and level of addictive drug use from 1976 to 2020
Authors: Miech Richard A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Adolescents cannabis users are at a substantially elevated risk for use of highly addictive drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Unknown is whether this elevated risk applies to adolescent cannabis users who have never smoked a combustible cigarette, a group that has grown considerably in size in recent years. This study documents the recent growth in the proportion of adolescent cannabis users who abstain from combustible cigarette use, and examines their probability for use of addictive drugs.

Methods
Data are annual, cross-sectional, nationally-representative Monitoring the Future surveys of 607,932 U.S. 12th grade students from 1976 to 2020.

Results
Among ever cannabis users, the percentage who had never smoked a combustible cigarette grew from 11% in 2000 to 58% in 2020. This group had levels of addictive drug use that were 8% higher than their peers. In comparison, adolescents who had ever used cannabis—regardless of whether they had ever smoked a cigarette—had levels of addictive drug use 500% higher than their peers.

Conclusions
Adolescent cannabis users who have not smoked a combustible cigarette have much lower levels of addictive drug use than the group of cannabis users as a whole. These results suggest policies and laws aimed at reducing adolescent prevalence of addictive drugs may do better to focus on cigarette use of adolescent cannabis users rather than cannabis use per se.
Unpacking the COVID-19 rescue and recovery spending: an assessment of implications on greenhouse gas emissions towards 2030 for key emitters
Authors: Hans Frederic , Woollands Santiago , Nascimento Leonardo , Höhne Niklas , Kuramochi Takeshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses how fiscal stimulus spending in response to the COVID-19 pandemic supports the low-carbon transition. We developed a new framework to categorise rescue and recovery spending measures according to their level of greenness and their type of expected impact on greenhouse gas emissions. This framework allows to better capture how measures’ emission impacts may unfold over time and to identify the share of fiscal spending missing robust conditions or incentives to be considered low carbon. We assess nearly 2500 measures announced by 26 emitters as of May 2021, representing around 67% of global GHG emissions excluding land use in 2019. Our findings show that the largest share (35%) of spending with potential GHG emission implications went to measures that cannot be explicitly coded as high-carbon or low-carbon but substantiate current business-as-usual practice (‘supporting the status quo’). Our assessment reveals the different magnitudes to which the emitters have missed the opportunity for a green recovery. Low-carbon spending is sizeable (22%) across countries. However, almost two-thirds will likely rather unfold its impact over time. This fiscal spending may trigger emissions reductions through enabling or catalytic causal effects over time but will not necessarily lead to direct emission reduction impacts before 2030.
Fertility, electricity and television: is there a link? Evidence from Pakistan, 1990–2018
Authors: Tasciotti Luca , Sulehria Farooq , Wagner Natascha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 1960s Pakistan, every woman was giving birth to more than 6 children on average. In 2021, Pakistan still has the second-highest fertility rate in South Asia with every woman giving birth to 3.4 children on average. This paper uses four waves of Demographic and Health Survey data to empirically analyze trends in fertility in Pakistan between 1990 and 2018; accounting for wealth, education and locational differences, this paper looks at three additional pathways for reducing fertility: (i) electrification, (ii) access to TV and (iii) family planning commercials broadcast on television. Results show that electricity does not reduce fertility whereas access to television has a significant effect in reducing fertility rates. The content and evolution of Pakistani soap-operas are also discussed, and it is argued that the role models, the types of households and the messages conveyed by these soap-operas may represent strong pathways for the fertility decline.
Tribes and Smugglers in Iran's Eastern Borderlands, 1921–41
Authors: Koyagi Mikiya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased primarily on British consular reports, this article studies transborder movement in Iran's eastern borderlands during the two decades following the rise of Reza Khan in 1921. It discusses two kinds of transborder movements: tribal exodus and smuggling. By examining the contexts of these transborder movements, this article explores the desire of the new state to assert sovereignty as it appeared in the borderlands and demonstrates that, rather than simply closing the borders, the Pahlavi state attempted to control the flows of people and goods, with dual effects. It introduced new constraints to mobility and as well fostered the development of borderland networks that enabled diffused transborder movement, making it harder for the authorities to control.
The role of soy and soy isoflavones on women's fertility and related outcomes: an update
Authors: Rizzo Gianluca , Feraco Alessandra , Storz Maximilian Andreas , Lombardo Mauro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soy is a key food in human nutrition. It is widely used in eastern traditional cuisine and it has recently diffused among self-conscious and vegetarian diets. The success of soy mainly depends on versatility and supposed healthy properties of soy foods and soy components. Meanwhile, the possible influence on endocrine system, in particular by isoflavones, raised concerns among some researchers. The present paper aims to conduct a review of available data on the effect of soy, soy foods and soy components on women's fertility and related outcomes. Eleven interventional studies, eleven observational studies and one meta-analysis have been selected from the results of queries. A weak, not clinically relevant effect has been highlighted on cycle length and hormonal status. However, a suggestive positive influence has been shown among women with fertility issues and during assisted reproductive technologies. Overall, soy and soy components consumption do not seem to perturb healthy women's fertility and can have a favourable effect among subjects seeking pregnancy. However, because of the paucity of studies exploring the impact of soy intake on women's fertility, as well as the limited population sample size, the frequently incomplete specimens’ collection to investigate all cycle phases and the insufficient characterisation of participants, the evidence is suggestive and it needs further in-depth research taking into account all these aspects.
Simulating ice-shelf extent using damage mechanics
Authors: Kachuck Samuel B. , Whitcomb Morgan , Bassis Jeremy N. , Martin Daniel F. , Price Stephen F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inaccurate representations of iceberg calving from ice shelves are a large source of uncertainty in mass-loss projections from the Antarctic ice sheet. Here, we address this limitation by implementing and testing a continuum damage-mechanics model in a continental scale ice-sheet model. The damage-mechanics formulation, based on a linear stability analysis and subsequent long-wavelength approximation of crevasses that evolve in a viscous medium, links damage evolution to climate forcing and the large-scale stresses within an ice shelf. We incorporate this model into the BISICLES ice-sheet model and test it by applying it to idealized (1) ice tongues, for which we present analytical solutions and (2) buttressed ice-shelf geometries. Our simulations show that the model reproduces the large disparity in lengths of ice shelves with geometries and melt rates broadly similar to those of four Antarctic ice shelves: Erebus Glacier Tongue (length ~ 13 km), the unembayed portion of Drygalski Ice Tongue (~ 65 km), the Amery Ice Shelf (~ 350 km) and the Ross Ice Shelf (~ 500 km). These results demonstrate that our simple continuum model holds promise for constraining realistic ice-shelf extents in large-scale ice-sheet models in a computationally tractable manner.
Biostratigraphic ages and depositional environments of the upper Oligocene to lower Miocene Veldhoven Formation in the central Roer Valley Rift System (SE Netherlands-NE Belgium)
Authors: Munsterman Dirk K. , Deckers Jef 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Discussions on the age and the depositional environments of the Veldhoven Formation and its members are persistent in Belgium and the Netherlands. Uncertainties on stratigraphy and the constructive process of sediment accumulation continue today as a result of lack of data on this succession within the Roer Valley Rift System. The present study provides new information on the bio- and lithostratigraphy and facies from two boreholes based on dinoflagellate cyst taxa. The results were correlated by gamma-ray logs towards other key boreholes in the region and show a good consistency for stratigraphy and depositional environments for the members of the Veldhoven Formation.
After marginal to restricted marine conditions in the latest Rupelian (early Oligocene), the start of deposition of the Veldhoven Formation marked the transition towards a higher sea level, expressed by increased glauconite contents and gamma-ray values. The Voort Member in the lower part of the Veldhoven Formation has an early to late Chattian (Late Oligocene) age and comprises predominantly shallow marine (fluctuating restricted to open marine) conditions. The lithology in the lower part of this unit is often very clayey but is coarsening upward into sands. The superjacent Wintelre Member has a latest Chattian to early Aquitanian (early Miocene) age. This member is distinct by its clayey nature which is expressed by relatively high gamma-ray values. Earlier studies suggest a deeper marine facies for the Wintelre Member compared to the Someren and Voort members. However, the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in this unit are mostly dominated by a single genus indicating a restricted marine setting, including salinities that deviate from normal marine conditions, most probably due to minor ventilation by narrow or lack of connection to the Atlantic Ocean. A glacio-eustatic sea-level fall around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary limited the sea coverage to the strongest subsiding areas, where deposition of the Wintelre Member is recorded, while non-deposition or erosion occurred in the surrounding highs, hence creating an isolated (sub)basin. The superjacent Someren Member was deposited during the late Aquitanian to middle Burdigalian and consists of shallow to open marine clayey fine sands. Increasing clay contents indicate a gradual development towards a higher sea level, which coincide with upward increasing gamma-ray values.
The biostratigraphic results of this study suggest that no major hiatuses are present in the differentially subsiding blocks of the Roer Valley Rift System during the late Oligocene to early Miocene.
Terrorism activates ethnocentrism to explain greater willingness to sacrifice civil liberties: evidence from Germany
Authors: Hansen Christina Novak , Dinesen Peter Thisted 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch from the United States has shown that the 9/11 terrorist attacks activated individuals’ ethnocentric predispositions to structure public opinion toward several political and social issues. Beyond this overall finding, several aspects of the activation hypothesis remain unexplored, including its geographical and substantive scope. Using the quasi-random timing of terrorist attacks during the collection of the 2016 GGSS, we demonstrate the terrorism-induced activation of ethnocentrism in Germany. Specifically, a cascade of terrorist attacks involving immigrants in the summer of 2016 activated ethnocentrism among native Germans to predict (lower) support for civil liberties relative to security concerns after its influence had been absent just a month before. Further, we show that the activation of ethnocentrism holds up in a series of robustness checks and is not explained by alternative factors, including other predispositions.
The associations of soya intakes with non-communicable diseases: a scoping review of meta-analyses
Authors: Yip Cynthia Sau Chun , Yip Yuk Cheung , Chan Wendy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis scoping review aimed to identify published meta-analyses of the associations of dietary soya intakes with cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes II diseases and the best relative risk estimates. A published novel assessment process combining the well-validated Cochrane Review measures, the AMSTAR 2 checklist and a published algorithm specifically designed for conducting a scoping review of similar meta-analyses was employed. This scoping review identified and evaluated twenty-eight meta-analysis reports, published between 2000 and 2021, on the associations of soya intakes with cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes II diseases. It identified eighteen significantly negatively associated risk–disease pairs for total soya intakes, four significantly negatively associated risk–disease pairs for unfermented soya intakes and four significantly negatively associated risk–disease pairs for fermented soya intakes when compared high against low intakes. The largest significant risk decrease found was gastric cancer mortalities with relative risk (RR) 0·49 (95 % CI: 0·35, 0·68); followed by colorectal cancer mortalities RR 0·59 (95 % CI: 0·41, 0·84); ovarian cancer RR 0·52 (95 % CI: 0·42, 0·66) and endocrine-related gynaecological cancer RR 0·61 (95 % CI: 0·53, 0·72). The fermented soya intake and gastric cancer risk–disease pair were identified to be significantly positively associated, RR 1·22 (95 % CI: 1·02, 1·44) when compared high against low intakes. Four significantly negatively associated risk–disease dose–responses were also identified. Being the products with lower greenhouse gas emission intensities, soya products could be the better dietary alternatives to animal products for reducing cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes II diseases and helping combat climate change.
Layers of Indigenous Citizenship: Colonial, Republican and Plurinational Rights in Bolivia
Authors: Iamamoto Sue A. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores the complexity of Indigenous citizenship in contemporary Bolivia through the analysis of a land dispute involving the Indigenous people of Coroma and a neighbouring Indigenous group. The Coromeños understand their rights as stemming from the colonial, republican and plurinational periods: their citizenship is thus described as ‘time-layered’. This study highlights the importance of the image of the state for practices of Indigenous citizenship in Bolivia, in contrast with an understanding based solely on rights of self-government. Furthermore, by comprehending these layers as social memories, the article underlines the importance of conceiving of citizenship as rooted in historical experiences and reproduced by practices of collective memory.