bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of modified tributyl citrate as a novel environmentally friendly plasticizer on the mechanical property and migration stability of soft polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Han Jinzhi , Zhang Mucun , Zhang Haiqi , Liu Hongming , Xu Shiai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel environmentally friendly plasticizer, 12‐14 alkyl ether tributyl citrate (AETBC), was synthesized via high‐temperature ring‐opening reaction, and its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. AETBC was used to plasticize polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the mechanical property and thermal degradation of the plasticized PVC was studied. The migration stability and compatibility of AETBC in PVC were also investigated and compared with three commonly used plasticizers. The results show that PVC plasticized with AETBC has better mechanical property and migration stability than that plasticized with dioctyl phthalate (DOP), tributyl citrate (TBC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), and AETBC is more effective than TBC and ATBC in improving the thermal stability of PVC. In conclusion, AETBC can be produced by a simple way for use as a promising alternative to DOP in preparing flexible PVC films.
Climates of democracy: Skeptical, rational, and radical imaginaries
Authors: Machin Amanda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow will the theories and practices of democracy fare in a climate changing world? Are conventional democratic institutions ultimately doomed or are they able to become more responsive to a changing climate? Is there a need to reimagine democracy and how might it be reimagined? This article reviews the different responses to these questions by distinguishing between three “political imaginaries” in which the relationship between climate change and democracy takes distinct forms. I start by showing how the concept of “political imaginaries” can facilitate the comparison of the different ways in which the relation between democracy and climate change is constructed, before reviewing three such imaginaries. Theskepticalimaginary, found in the “eco‐authoritarianism” of the 1970s that is echoed by much sociopolitical analysis today, casts doubt on the possibilities of democratic mechanisms to respond adequately and swiftly to the problem of climate change. Those who resist such skepticism often defend democracy by arguing that institutions and processes of democracy can be made more “ecologically rational”—therationalimaginary of climate democracy involves improvements in political representation and participation. Finally, I present the alternative radical democratic imaginary, in which the crisis of climate change provides a moment for the rupture of existing sociopolitical structures and the formation of alternatives. The article concludes that although none of these imaginaries is able to capture the entirety of climate change politics around the world, theradicaldemocratic imaginary is responsive to the inevitable and valuable plurality around the issue of climate change.This article is categorized under:Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate ChangePolicy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Kink-antikink scattering in a quantum vacuum
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Mainak , Sfakianakis Evangelos I. , Vachaspati Tanmay , Zahariade George 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study kink-antikink scattering in the sine-Gordon model in the presence of interactions with an additional scalar field, ψ, that is in its quantum vacuum. In contrast to the classical scattering, now there is quantum radiation of ψ quanta and the kink-antikink may form bound states that resemble breathers of the sine-Gordon model. We quantify the rate of radiation and map the parameters for which bound states are formed. Even these bound states radiate and decay, and eventually there is a transition into long-lived oscillons.
A robust description of hadronic decays in light vector mediator models
Authors: Foguel Ana Luisa , Reimitz Peter , Funchal Renata Zukanovich 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Abelian U(1) gauge group extensions of the Standard Model represent one of the most minimal approaches to solve some of the most urgent particle physics questions and provide a rich phenomenology in various experimental searches. In this work, we focus on baryophilic vector mediator models in the MeV-to-GeV mass range and, in particular, present, for the first time, gauge vector field decays into almost arbitrary hadronic final states. Using only very little theoretical approximations, we rigorously follow the vector meson dominance theory in our calculations. We study the effect on the total and partial decay widths, the branching ratios, and not least on the present (future) experimental limits (reach) on (for) the mass and couplings of light vector particles in different models. We compare our results to current results in the literature. Our calculations are publicly available in a python package to compute various vector particle decay quantities in order to describe leptonic as well as hadronic decay signatures for experimental searches.
Hadron collider probes of the quartic couplings of gluons to the photon and Z boson
Authors: Ellis John , Ge Shao-Feng , Ma Kai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explore the experimental sensitivities of measuring the gg → Zγ process at the LHC to the dimension-8 quartic couplings of gluon pairs to the Z boson and photon, in addition to comparing them with the analogous sensitivities in the gg → γγ process. These processes can both receive contributions from 4 different CP-conserving dimension-8 operators with distinct Lorentz structures that contain a pair of gluon field strengths, $$ {\hat{G}}_{\mu v}^a $$

G
̂

μv
a

, and a pair of electroweak SU(2) gauge field strengths, $$ {W}_{\mu v}^i $$

W
μv
i

, as well as 4 similar operators containing a pair of $$ {\hat{G}}_{\mu v}^a $$

G
̂

μv
a

and a pair of U(1) gauge field strengths, Bμν. We calculate the scattering angular distributions for gg → Zγ and the Z → $$ \overline{f}f $$

f
¯

f
decay angular distributions for these 4 Lorentz structures, as well as the Standard Model background. We analyze the sensitivity of ATLAS measurements of the Z(→ ℓ+ℓ−,$$ \overline{\nu}\nu $$

ν
¯

ν
,$$ \overline{q}q $$

q
¯

q
)γ final states with integrated luminosities up to 139 fb−1 at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV, showing that they exclude values ≲ 2 TeV for the dimension-8 operator scales, and compare the Zγ sensitivity with that of an ATLAS measurement of the γγ final state. We present combined Zγ and γγ constraints on the scales of dimension-8 SMEFT operators and γγ constraints on the nonlinearity scale of the Born-Infeld extension of the Standard Model. We also estimate the sensitivities to dimension-8 operators of experiments at possible future proton-proton colliders with centre-of-mass energies of 25, 50 and 100 TeV, and discuss possible measurements of the Z spin and angular correlations.
Gravity from symmetry: duality and impulsive waves
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Pranzetti Daniele 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We show that we can derive the asymptotic Einstein’s equations that arises at order 1/r in asymptotically flat gravity purely from symmetry considerations. This is achieved by studying the transformation properties of functionals of the metric and the stress-energy tensor under the action of the Weyl BMS group, a recently introduced asymptotic symmetry group that includes arbitrary diffeomorphisms and local conformal transformations of the metric on the 2-sphere. Our derivation, which encompasses the inclusion of matter sources, leads to the identification of covariant observables that provide a definition of conserved charges parametrizing the non-radiative corner phase space. These observables, related to the Weyl scalars, reveal a duality symmetry and a spin-2 generator which allow us to recast the asymptotic evolution equations in a simple and elegant form as conservation equations for a null fluid living at null infinity. Finally we identify non-linear gravitational impulse waves that describe transitions among gravitational vacua and are non-perturbative solutions of the asymptotic Einstein’s equations. This provides a new picture of quantization of the asymptotic phase space, where gravitational vacua are representations of the asymptotic symmetry group and impulsive waves are encoded in their couplings.
Zero-form and one-form symmetries of the ABJ and related theories
Authors: Maduli Emanuele , Mekareeya Noppadol , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The zero-form and one-form global symmetries of the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis (ABJ) and related theories, with at least $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 supersymmetry in three dimensions, are examined in detail. Starting from well-known dualities between theories with orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups and those with unitary gauge groups, we gauge their one-form symmetries or their subgroups and obtain new dualities. One side of the latter involves theories with special orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups, and the other side involves theories with unitary gauge groups; there is a discrete quotient on one or both sides of the duality. We study the refined superconformal indices of such theories and map the symmetries across the dualities, with particular attention to their discrete part. As a generalisation, we also find a new duality between a circular quiver with a discrete quotient of alternating special orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups and a three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 circular (Kronheimer-Nakajima) quiver with unitary gauge groups, whose Higgs or Coulomb branch describes an instanton on a singular orbifold.
Hotair promotes the migration and proliferation in ovarian cancer by miR-222-3p/CDK19 axis
Authors: Fan Lili , Lei Han , Lin Ying , Zhou Zhengwei , Li Juanni , Wu Anqi , Shu Guang , Roger Sébastien , Yin Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies in our laboratory have reported that miR-222-3p was a tumor-suppressive miRNA in OC. This study aims to further understand the regulatory role of miR-222-3p in OC and provide a new mechanism for its prevention and treatment. We first found that miR-222-3p inhibited the migration and proliferation of OC cells. Then, we observed CDK19 was highly expressed in OC and inversely correlated with miR-222-3p. Besides, we observed that miR-222-3p directly binds to the 3′-UTR of CDK19 and inhibits CDK19 translation, thus inhibiting OC cell migration and proliferation in vitro and repressed tumor growth in vivo. We also observed the inhibitory effect of Hotair on miR-222-3p in OC. In addition, Hotair could promote the proliferation and migration of OC cells in vitro and facilitate the growth and metastasis of tumors in vivo. Moreover, Hotair was positively correlated with CDK19 expression. These results suggest Hotair indirectly up-regulates CDK19 through sponging miR-222-3p, which enhances the malignant behavior of OC. This provides a further understanding of the mechanism of the occurrence and development of OC.
The relationship between social support in pregnancy and postnatal depression
Authors: Taylor Billie Lever , Nath Selina , Sokolova Antoaneta Y. , Lewis Gemma , Howard Louise M. , Johnson Sonia , Sweeney Angela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lack of social support is considered a potential risk factor for postnatal depression but limited longitudinal evidence is available. Pregnancy, when women have increased contact with healthcare services, may be an opportune time to intervene and help strengthen women’s social networks to prevent feelings of depression postnatally, particularly for those at greatest risk. Our study examined the longitudinal relationship between social support in pregnancy and postnatal depression, and whether this is moderated by age or relationship status.

Methods
We analysed data collected from 525 women from a diverse inner-city maternity population in England who were interviewed in pregnancy and again three months postnatally. Women provided sociodemographic information and completed self-report measures of depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and social support (Social Provisions Scale).

Results
Less social support in pregnancy was associated with postnatal depression, after adjusting for sociodemographic confounders and antenatal depression (Coef. = − 0.05; 95% CI − 0.10 to − 0.01; p = 0.02). There was weak evidence of a moderating effect of relationship status. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger relationship between social support in pregnancy and postnatal depression for women who were not living with a partner (Coef. =  − 0.11; 95% CI − 0.21 to − 0.01; p = 0.03) than for those who were (Coef. =  − 0.03; 95% CI − 0.09 to 0.02; p = 0.28). Sensitivity analysis using multiple imputations to account for missing data confirmed the main results.

Conclusions
Interventions that target social support in pregnancy have the potential to reduce depression postnatally. Future research should explore in greater detail which women would benefit most from which type of social support.
Evaluation of microtiter plate as a high-throughput screening platform for beer fermentation
Authors: Zhao Xiangdong , Kerpes Roland , Becker Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDownscaling the anaerobic fermentation in a microtiter plate (MTP) facilitates high throughput screening (HTS) applications. This study investigates the impacts of MTP configurations (scale, shaking, and cover) on the S. pastorianus beer fermentation compared to that in the shaking flask (SF) and European Brewing Convention (EBC) tube regarding fermentation performances and flavor attributes. The lager strains in MTPs accelerated cells reproduction and vitalization, sugar consumption, and glycerol accumulation. The microscale beer fermentation was closer to the SF but differed greatly from EBC tube fermentation depending on the MTP configurations. The downscaling from 2 mL to 0.2 mL in MTP increased the cell growth rate and vitality but did not change the maximum cell density. The shaking MTP did not promote early growth but sustained significantly higher cell numbers at the later fermentation stage. More than 1.5-folds acetaldehyde and higher alcohols, yet less than half esters, were obtained from the MTP and SF fermentations relative to that in the EBC tube. The air-tight MTP cover, as compared to the gas-permeable cover, not only balanced the above volatile flavors but also maintained integrity to the endogenous carbon dioxide pressure during beer fermentation. Additionally, fermentative activities were reduced by excluding air in either the material or the headspace of MTP. Hence, MTP configurations influenced S. pastorianus beer fermentation. These influences were partly attributed to their impacts on air accessibility. Conscious of the impacts, this study helps interpret the minimized fermentation and sheds light on the development of MTP based HTS platform for anaerobic cultivations.
The Origins and Functions of De Novo Genes: Against All Odds?
Authors: Weisman Caroline M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract“De novo” genes evolve from previously non-genic DNA. This strikes many of us as remarkable, because it seems extraordinarily unlikely that random sequence would produce a functional gene. How is this possible? In this two-part review, I first summarize what is known about the origins and molecular functions of the small number of de novo genes for which such information is available. I then speculate on what these examples may tell us about how de novo genes manage to emerge despite what seem like enormous opposing odds.
Impact of forced diuresis on retropulsion of disintegrated ureteral calculi during semi-rigid ureteroscopy: a double-blind randomized-controlled study
Authors: Shalaby Essam A. , Abdelhalim Khaled M. , Bakr Mohamed , El-Lilly Ahmed A. , Elkoushy Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of forced diuresis as an antiretropulsion strategy during the pneumatic disintegration of solitary lower ureteric stones with semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS). A prospective randomized double-blind study was carried out from March 2019 to June 2021 for patients presented with unilateral solitary radiopaque lower ureteric stones ≤ 20 mm. Patients were randomized for URS into two groups, according to the use of forced diuresis using furosemide 1 mg/kg (GII) or not (GI). Perioperative parameters were compared between both groups, including retropulsion rate, stone-free rate (SFR), and need for auxiliary procedures and complications. A total of 148 patients were included; 72 (48.6%) in GI and 76 in the GII (51.4%), with respective stone size of 11.8 ± 2.6 vs.12.1 ± 2.4 mm. Both groups were comparable in demographic and baseline data, with a mean age of 47 ± 16 and 50 ± 14 years for GI and GII, respectively. GII had a significantly shorter disintegration time (10.5 ± 1.3 vs. 4.2 ± 2.1 min, p < 0.001), shorter operative time (33.1 ± 10.1 vs. 40.8 ± 9.1 min, p < 0.001), lower stone fragments migration rate during disintegration (6.5% vs. 18.1%, p = 0.04), lower retropulsion rate (1.3% vs. 11%, p = 0.02), higher SFR (96.1% vs. 86.1%, p = 0.04), and lower auxiliary procedures (3.9% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.03). Intraoperative and 6-h postoperative changes in heart rate and mean systolic blood pressure were comparable between both groups. Ephedrine injection (6–18 mg) was needed in significantly more GII patients (39.5% vs. 20.8%, p ≤ 0.01). It seems that forced diuresis during pneumatic lithotripsy of the lower ureteric stones is a safe and effective antiretropulsion technique. This would expand the alternative options to the antiretropulsion strategy, especially in centers where the laser and flexible ureteroscopes are not available.
MRI morphological evaluation of humeral head bone profile inside region of the biceps pulley reflection
Authors: Fischetti Michele , Stoppino Luca Pio , Petrera Miriana Rosaria , Francavilla Alessia , Vinci Roberta , Zappia Marcello , Macarini Luca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Evaluating humeral head bone profile inside biceps reflection pulley area in order to identify possible anatomical variants and any causes predisposing to tendon’s instability of the long head of the biceps.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study analyzed 326 patients, 183 males and 143 females (age 15–88 years; average 51.5 years), who underwent MRI examination between 2013 and 2019. Biceps pulley reflection area morphology of 192 right shoulders and 134 left shoulders was assessed analyzing 309 MRI and 17 MR arthrography (MRA) shoulder exams. We investigated age and gender and the frequency of morphological variants among the patient groups.

Results
Four possible morphological variants were identified: 95 with convex shape; 127 with flat shape; 77 with spiculated shape; and 12 with mixed morphology. Fifteen humeral bone profiles were not classifiable.

Conclusions
MRI was effective in defining humeral head anatomic variants inside the biceps pulley reflection area. The most frequent variants were flat or convex types.
Trust Versus Content in Multi-functional Land Management: Assessing Soil Function Messaging in Agricultural Networks
Authors: O’Sullivan Lilian , Leeuwis Cees , de Vries Linde , Wall David P. , Heidkroß Talke , Madena Kirsten , Schulte Rogier P. O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGrowing sustainability demands on land have a high knowledge requirement across multiple scientific domains. Exploring networks can expose opportunities for targeting. Using mixed-methods combining social network analysis (SNA) and surveys, networks for key soil functions in case studies in Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands are explored. We find a diversity of contrasting networks that reflect local conditions, sustainability challenges and governance structure. Farmers were found to occupy a central role in the agri-environmental governance network. A comparison of the SNA and survey results indicate low acceptance of messages from many central actors indicating scope to better harness the network for sustainable land management. The source of the messages was important when it came to the implementation of farm management actions. Two pathways for enhanced farmer uptake of multi-functionality are proposed that have wider application are; to increase trust between farmers and actors that are agents of multi-functional messages and/or to increase the bundling or multi-functionality of messages (mandate) of actors trusted by farmers.
The emerging role of atrial strain assessed by cardiac MRI in different cardiovascular settings: an up-to-date review
Authors: Cau Riccardo , Bassareo Pierpaolo , Suri Jasjit S. , Pontone Gianluca , Saba Luca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The left atrium (LA) has a crucial function in maintaining left ventricular filling, which is responsible for about one-third of all cardiac filling. A growing body of evidence shows that LA is involved in several cardiovascular diseases from a clinical and prognostic standpoint. LA enlargement has been recognized as a predictor of the outcomes of many diseases. However, LA enlargement itself does not explain the whole LA’s function during the cardiac cycle. For this reason, the recently proposed assessment of atrial strain at advanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) enables the usual limitations of the sole LA volumetric measurement to be overcome. Moreover, the left atrial strain impairment might allow several cardiovascular diseases to be detected at an earlier stage. While traditional CMR has a central role in assessing LA volume and, through cine sequences, a marginal role in evaluating LA function, feature tracking at advanced CMR (CMR-FT) has been increasingly confirmed as a feasible and reproducible technique for assessing LA function through strain. In comparison to atrial function evaluations via speckle tracking echocardiography, CMR-FT has a higher spatial resolution, larger field of view, and better reproducibility. In this literature review on atrial strain analysis, we describe the strengths, limitations, recent applications, and promising developments of studying atrial function using CMR-FT in clinical practice.

Key Points
• The left atrium has a crucial function in maintaining left ventricular filling; left atrial size has been recognized as a predictor of the outcomes of many diseases.
• Left atrial strain has been confirmed as a marker of atrial functional status and demonstrated to be a sensitive tool in the subclinical phase of a disease.
• A comprehensive evaluation of the three phases of atrial function by CMR-FT demonstrates an impairment before the onset of atrial enlargement, thus helping clinicians in their decision-making and improving patient outcomes.