bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature exposure has immediate and lasting effects on the stress tolerance, chemotaxis and proteome of entomopathogenic nematodes
Authors: Lillis Peter E. , Kennedy Ian P. , Carolan James C. , Griffin Christine T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTemperature is one of the most important factors affecting soil organisms, including the infective stages of parasites and entomopathogenic nematodes, which are important biological control agents. We investigated the response of 2 species of entomopathogenic nematodes to different storage regimes: cold (9°C), culture temperature (20°C) and temperature swapped from 9 to 20°C. ForSteinernema carpocapsae, cold storage had profound effects on chemotaxis, stress tolerance and protein expression that were retained in temperature-swapped individuals. These effects included reversal of chemotactic response for 3 (prenol, methyl salicylate and hexanol) of the 4 chemicals tested, and enhanced tolerance to freezing (−10°C) and desiccation (75% RH). Label-free quantitative proteomics showed that cold storage induced widespread changes inS. carpocapsae, including an increase in heat-shock proteins and late embryogenesis abundant proteins. ForHeterorhabditis megidis, cold storage had a less dramatic effect on chemotaxis (as previously shown for proteomic expression) and changes were not maintained on return to 20°C. Thus, cold temperature exposure has significant effects on entomopathogenic nematodes, but the nature of the change depends on the species.Steinernema carpocapsae, in particular, displays significant plasticity, and its behaviour and stress tolerance may be manipulated by brief exposure to low temperatures, with implications for its use as a biological control agent.
Forming the imagination: Reading the Psalms with poets
Authors: Jones Ethan C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenre, parallelism and canonical shaping have long been important to Psalms studies. Scholarly advances on these fronts are easily observed. Instead of working the same ground once more, this article sets off on a different path. It aims to read Hebrew poetry, especially the Psalter, with poets. It intends to listen carefully to three influential voices: George Herbert (1593–1633), R. S. Thomas (1913–2000) and Malcolm Guite (1957–). These poets help shape our imagination and prepare us to read the Psalms as poetry. Specifically, this results in sounds, repetitions, the constraining and freeing possibilities of forms, and theological themes taking centre stage in experiencing the poetry of Psalms.
Childhood inhibition predicts adolescent social anxiety: Findings from a longitudinal twin study
Authors: Goldsmith H. Hill , Hilton Emily C. , Phan Jenny M. , Sarkisian Katherine L. , Carroll Ian C. , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Planalp Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn enduring issue in the study of mental health is identifying developmental processes that explain how childhood characteristics progress to maladaptive forms. We examine the role that behavioral inhibition (BI) has on social anxiety (SA) during adolescence in 868 families of twins assessed at ages 8, 13, and 15 years. Multimodal assessments of BI and SA were completed at each phase, with additional measures (e.g., parenting stress) for parents and twins. Analyses were conducted in several steps: first, we used a cross-lagged panel model to demonstrate bidirectional paths between BI and SA; second a biometric Cholesky decomposition showed that both genetic and environmental influences on childhood BI also affect adolescent SA; next, multilevel phenotypic models tested moderation effects between BI and SA. We tested seven potential moderators of the BI to SA prediction in individual models and included only those that emerged as significant in a final conditional model examining predictors of SA. Though several main effects emerged as significant, only parenting stress had a significant interaction with BI to predict SA, highlighting the importance of environmental moderators in models examining temperamental effects on later psychological symptoms. This comprehensive assessment continues to build the prototype for such developmental psychopathology models.
Genetic versus environmental influences on callous–unemotional traits in preadolescence: The role of parenting and parental psychopathology
Authors: Perlstein Samantha , Hawes Samuel , Vazquez Alexandra Y. , Pacheco-Colón Ileana , Lehman Sarah , Parent Justin , Byrd Amy , Waller Rebecca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChildren with callous–unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for severe conduct problems. While CU traits are moderately heritable, parenting also predicts risk. However, few studies have investigated whether parenting factors (e.g., acceptance, conflict, parental psychopathology) moderate the etiology of CU traits, while accounting for gene–environment correlations. To address this knowledge gap, we used data from 772 twin pairs from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study to test bivariate models that explored overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and child reports of their parenting environment. We also used gene-by-environment interaction models to test whether parenting moderated genetic versus environmental influences. There were no overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and parental acceptance, but modest genetic and non-shared environmental overlap between CU traits and family conflict. Parental acceptance and psychopathology moderated non-shared environmental influences, with stronger non-shared environmental influences on CU traits among children who experienced lower parental acceptance and greater parental psychopathology. Family conflict only moderated environmental influences when models did not covary for conduct problems. Parental acceptance and parental psychopathology may be specific environmental protective and risk factors for CU traits, whereas family conflict may represent a general environmental risk factor for both CU traits and conduct problems.
An algebraic representation of the fixed-point closure of *-continuous Kleene algebras – A categorical Chomsky–Schützenberger theorem
Authors: Leiß Hans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe family
${\mathcal{R}} X^*$
of regular subsets of the free monoid
$X^*$
generated by a finite set X is the standard example of a
${}^*$
-continuous Kleene algebra. Likewise, the family
${\mathcal{C}} X^*$
of context-free subsets of
$X^*$
is the standard example of a
$\mu$
-continuous Chomsky algebra, i.e. an idempotent semiring that is closed under a well-behaved least fixed-point operator
$\mu$
. For arbitrary monoids M,
${\mathcal{C}} M$
is the closure of
${\mathcal{R}}M$
as a
$\mu$
-continuous Chomsky algebra, more briefly, the fixed-point closure of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
. We provide an algebraic representation of
${\mathcal{C}} M$
in a suitable product of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
with
$C_2'$
, a quotient of the regular sets over an alphabet
$\Delta_2$
of two pairs of bracket symbols. Namely,
${\mathcal{C}}M$
is isomorphic to the centralizer of
$C_2'$
in the product of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
with
$C_2'$
, i.e. the set of those elements that commute with all elements of
$C_2'$
. This generalizes a well-known result of Chomsky and Schützenberger (1963, Computer Programming and Formal Systems, 118–161) and admits us to denote all context-free languages over finite sets
$X\subseteq M$
by regular expressions over
$X\cup\Delta_2$
interpreted in the product of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
and
$C_2'$
. More generally, for any
${}^*$
-continuous Kleene algebra K the fixed-point closure of K can be represented algebraically as the centralizer of
$C_2'$
in the product of K with
$C_2'$
.
The ever-existing “crisis” of the law of naval warfare
Authors: Fink Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough the subject of law of naval warfare was first in modern treatymaking in international humanitarian law (IHL), further treatymaking efforts that comprehensively deal with all matters of the law of naval warfare never really took off. This particular part of IHL has always been primarily governed by custom. Scholarly calls for revision have not pressed States into further treatymaking efforts, which gives the law of naval warfare a semblance of being continuously in a state of crisis. Conveniently for States, the San Remo Manual solved a significant portion of this crisis, but perhaps too successfully, as it may have taken away incentives for States to further develop the law. While the law of the sea has been steadily growing as a – codified – legal regime and protective rules of IHL garnered much attention, the law of naval warfare seems somewhat forgotten and crumbling in its details.
Effects of uteroplacental insufficiency on cardiac development in growth-restricted newborn rats
Authors: Chou Hsiu-Chu , Chen Chung-Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with reduced cardiac function in neonates. Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) is the most common cause of FGR. The mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unknown. We hypothesized that UPI would influence cardiac development in offspring rats. Through this study, we evaluated the effects of UPI during pregnancy on heart histology and pulmonary hypertension in growth-restricted newborn rats. On gestation Day 18, either UPI was induced through bilateral uterine vessel ligation (FGR group) or sham surgery (control group) was performed. The right middle lobe of the lung and the heart were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation on postnatal days 0 and 7. The FGR group exhibited significantly lower body weight, hypertrophy and degeneration of cardiomyocytes, increased intercellular spaces between the cardiomyocytes and collagen deposition, and decreased glycogen deposition and HNK-1 expression compared with the control group on postnatal days 0 and 7. These results suggest that neonates with FGR may have inadequate myocardial reserves, which may cause subsequent cardiovascular compromise in future life. Further studies are required to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in these growth-restricted neonates.
Mirror Mode Storms Observed by Solar Orbiter
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Yordanova E. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Blanco‐Cano X. , Kajdič P. , Karlsson T. , Fedorov A. , Owen C. J. , Werner E. A. L. E. , Johlander A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMirror modes (MMs) are ubiquitous in space plasma and grow from pressure anisotropy. Together with other instabilities, they play a fundamental role in constraining the free energy contained in the plasma. This study focuses on MMs observed in the solar wind by Solar Orbiter (SolO) for heliocentric distances between 0.5 and 1 AU. Typically, MMs have timescales from several to tens of seconds and are considered quasi‐MHD structures. In the solar wind, they also generally appear as isolated structures. However, in certain conditions, prolonged and bursty trains of higher frequency MMs are measured, which have been labeled previously as MM storms. At present, only a handful of existing studies have focused on MM storms, meaning that many open questions remain. In this study, SolO has been used to investigate several key aspects of MM storms: their dependence on heliocentric distance, association with local plasma properties, temporal/spatial scale, amplitude, and connections with larger‐scale solar wind transients. The main results are that MM storms often approach local ion scales and can no longer be treated as quasi‐magnetohydrodynamic, thus breaking the commonly used long‐wavelength assumption. They are typically observed close to current sheets and downstream of interplanetary shocks. The events were observed during slow solar wind speeds and there was a tendency for higher occurrence closer to the Sun. The occurrence is low, so they do not play a fundamental role in regulating ambient solar wind but may play a larger role inside transients.
Application of Magneto‐Impedance (MI) Sensor to Geomagnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Nosé Masahito , Kawano Takeshi , Aoyama Hitoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe magneto‐impedance (MI) effect was discovered about 30 years ago and a microsize magnetic sensor utilizing this effect has become commercially available. We make some modifications to the commercially available MI sensors to cover the dynamic range of the geomagnetic field. The total cost of three MI sensors for the two horizontal components and one vertical component including the modification is approximately one‐third of the standard price of triaxial fluxgate magnetometer sensors. For the period of 30 March to 27 April 2018, we conducted experimental observations of geomagnetic field variations with the MI sensor magnetometer (MIM) at the Mineyama observatory, which is located about 100 km northwest of Kyoto, Japan. Data obtained with the MIM are compared with those from the fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) that has been working at the observatory. Results show that the MIM can record geomagnetic field variations such as geomagnetic storm, solar quiet variations, low‐latitude positive bays, storm sudden commencement, and long‐period geomagnetic pulsations with a peak‐to‐peak amplitude of ≤1 nT that is also detected with the FGM. Power spectra of the geomagnetic field variations measured with the MIM and FGM are almost the same. It is found that the MIM has a larger temperature drift than the FGM. The present study reveals that the MIM is comparable to the FGM in measuring the geomagnetic field variations in a period from a few tens of seconds to a few hours and is useful for researches in upper atmospheric physics or space physics.
Duct Effect of Magnetic Structures on Whistler Waves
Authors: Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that the propagation of whistler waves can be ducted by plasma density structures, within which the trapped waves can interact with electrons for a rather long time. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to investigate the effects of magnetic structures on the propagation of whistler waves. Our results show that whistler waves can be ducted both in magnetic dips and peaks under specific conditions, providing another trapping mechanism for whistler waves. These theoretical predictions have been verified through two typical wave events observed by the Van Allen Probe mission based on the magnetic dip ahead of and magnetic peak inside a dipolarizing flux bundle. The theoretical analysis and satellite observations reveal the important role of magnetic structures in the propagation of whistler waves.
On the Feedback Between Air‐Sea Turbulent Momentum Flux and Oceanic Submesoscale Processes
Authors: Chen Xu , Dewar William , Chassignet Eric , Bourassa Mark , Morey Steve , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccurate representation of air‐sea interaction is crucial to numerical prediction of the ocean, weather, and climate. Sea surface temperature (SST) gradients and surface currents in the oceanic mesoscale regime are known to have significant influence on air‐sea fluxes of momentum. Studies based on high‐resolution numerical models and observations reveal that SST gradients and surface currents in the submesoscale regime are much stronger than those in the mesoscale. However, the feedback between the submesoscale processes and the air‐sea turbulent fluxes is not well understood. To quantitatively assess the responses between air‐sea flux of momentum and submesoscale processes, a non‐hydrostatic ocean model is implemented in this study. The inclusion of SST gradients and surface currents in air‐sea bulk fluxes are argued to be significant for modeling accurate wind stress in the submesoscale regime. Taking both into account, this study shows that the linear relationship between wind stress curl/divergence and crosswind/downwind SST gradients existing in the mesoscale regime is not obvious in the submesoscale. Instead, a linear relationship between wind stress curl/divergence and surface current curl/divergence is revealed in the submesoscale. Furthermore, the magnitude of wind stress curl introduced by submesoscale processes is much greater than that presented by mesoscale processes. Another key finding is that tracer subduction and potential vorticity distribution in the submesoscale is susceptible to submesoscale‐modified air‐sea turbulent momentum flux. This study serves as a starting point in investigating the feedbacks between atmospheric and oceanic submesoscale processes.
Exploring the Performance of Ensemble Smoothers to Calibrate Urban Drainage Models
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zhang Jiangjiang , Zheng Feifei , Jia Yueyi , Kapelan Zoran , Savic Dragan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUrban drainage models (UDMs) are often used to manage urban flooding. However, these models generally involve many parameters to represent the underlying complex hydrodynamic processes. This results in significant challenges to achieving effective and robust model calibration especially with frequently limited observations, leading to unreliable model predictions. This paper makes the first attempt at UDM calibration using the Bayesian‐based Ensemble Smoother (ES) method. Three ES variants are considered, that is, the primary ES, the versions with multiple data assimilation (ES‐MDA) and iterative local update (ES‐ILU). Two synthetic cases and one real‐world application with up to 5,236 calibration parameters are tested. Results obtained show that: (a) both ES‐MDA and ES‐ILU can produce effective model calibration with ES‐ILU outperforming ES‐MDA in terms of both accuracy and uncertainty while ES exhibits limited performance; (b) for the real‐world case, both the ES‐MDA and ES‐ILU methods provide better calibration results than the best‐known solution manually obtained, (c) a minimum number of observations are required to enable an overall accurate model calibration (e.g., four and ten more monitoring sites are needed in the two synthetic cases); and (d) the model calibrated using an intense rainfall event is generally robust to make reliable predictions across different rainfall events while the model calibrated using less intense rainfall event does not perform well for more intense rainfall events. It was also found that ubiquitous parameter equifinality significantly hinders unique parameter identification even when overall accurate state estimates are obtained. This should be clearly understood in practical applications.
Monkeypox: what do dental professionals need to know?
Authors: Zemouri Charifa , Beltrán Edgar O. , Holliday Richard , Jakubovics Nicholas S. , Allison James R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfection control is critical for the safe delivery of dental care. Infection control practices must be responsive to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and outbreaks, as was clearly seen during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. An emerging global outbreak of the monkeypox virus has again raised potential challenges for infection control in dentistry. Monkeypox is an infectious disease, characterised by a rash affecting the skin and soft tissues, including the oral cavity. Previously, cases were mostly seen following contact with infected animals in Central and West Africa, with limited human-to-human transmission within and outside of these areas. However, since May 2022, sustained human-to-human transmission has occurred globally. Monkeypox can be transmitted via close contact with an infected person, contaminated objects and surfaces, or by droplets and possibly aerosols, which is therefore of potential importance to dental settings. This article discusses the relevance of monkeypox to dental professionals, the typical presentation of the disease, its potential impact on infection prevention and control practices and the delivery of dental services. The current monkeypox outbreak highlights the need for a more sustained programme of research into dental infection control that can provide a solid evidence base to underpin preparedness planning for future outbreaks and pandemics.
ARHGEF3 regulates the stability of ACLY to promote the proliferation of lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Feifei , Ai Wenqian , Zhang Yixing , Hu Qifan , Gan Mingxi , Wang Jian-Bin , Han Tianyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRho GTPases play an essential role in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progress, cell motility, invasion, migration, and transformation. Several studies indicated that the dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is closely related to tumorigenesis. Rho GEFs considered being positive regulators of Rho GTPase, promoting the dissociation of Rho protein from GDP and binding to GTP, thus activating the downstream signaling pathway. Herein, we demonstrated that ARHGEF3, a member of the Rho GEFs family, played an important role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that ARHGEF3 was highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and facilitated cancer cell proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that ARHGEF3 enhanced the protein homeostasis of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) by reducing its acetylation on Lys17 and Lys86, leading to the dissociation between ACLY and its E3 ligase-NEDD4. Interestingly, this function of ARHGEF3 on the protein homeostasis of ACLY was independent of its GEF activity. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel function of ARHGEF3, suggesting that ARHGEF3 is a promising therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer.
The intestinal clock drives the microbiome to maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis
Authors: Heddes Marjolein , Altaha Baraa , Niu Yunhui , Reitmeier Sandra , Kleigrewe Karin , Haller Dirk , Kiessling Silke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiurnal (i.e., 24-hour) oscillations of the gut microbiome have been described in various species including mice and humans. However, the driving force behind these rhythms remains less clear. In this study, we differentiate between endogenous and exogenous time cues driving microbial rhythms. Our results demonstrate that fecal microbial oscillations are maintained in mice kept in the absence of light, supporting a role of the host’s circadian system rather than representing a diurnal response to environmental changes. Intestinal epithelial cell-specific ablation of the core clock gene Bmal1 disrupts rhythmicity of microbiota. Targeted metabolomics functionally link intestinal clock-controlled bacteria to microbial-derived products, in particular branched-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. Microbiota transfer from intestinal clock-deficient mice into germ-free mice altered intestinal gene expression, enhanced lymphoid organ weights and suppressed immune cell recruitment. These results highlight the importance of functional intestinal clocks for microbiota composition and function, which is required to balance the host’s gastrointestinal homeostasis.