bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counteracting uncertainty: exploring the impact of anxiety on updating predictions about environmental states
Authors: Harris David , Arthur Tom , Wilson Mark , Le Gallais Ben , Parsons Thomas , Dill Ally , Vine Sam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anxious emotional states disrupt decision-making and control of dexterous motor actions. Computational work has shown that anxiety-induced uncertainty alters the rate at which we learn about the environment, but the subsequent impact on the predictive beliefs that drive action control remains to be understood. In the present work we tested whether anxiety alters predictive (oculo)motor control mechanisms. Thirty participants completed an experimental task that consisted of manual interception of a projectile performed in virtual reality. Participants were subjected to conditions designed to induce states of high or low anxiety using performance incentives and social-evaluative pressure. We measured subsequent effects on physiological arousal, self-reported state anxiety, and eye movements. Under high pressure conditions we observed visual sampling of the task environment characterised by higher variability and entropy of position prior to release of the projectile, consistent with an active attempt to reduce uncertainty. Computational modelling of predictive beliefs, using gaze data as inputs to a partially observable Markov decision process model, indicated that trial-to-trial updating of predictive beliefs was reduced during anxiety, suggesting that updates to priors were constrained. Additionally, state anxiety was related to a less deterministic mapping of beliefs to actions. These results support the idea that organisms may attempt to counter anxiety-related uncertainty by moving towards more familiar and certain sensorimotor patterns.
Emerging trends in nucleic acid and peptide aptamers in plant science research
Authors: Sanjay Kannath U. , Vinay Chigateri M. , Prabhu Navya B. , Rai Padmalatha S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Main conclusion
Aptamer technology has significantly advanced the field of plant research, emerging as a tool for enhancing agricultural productivity, plant growth, and environmental monitoring.

Abstract
Aptamers are short nucleotide or amino acid sequences that can bind to a range of target molecules with high affinity and selectivity. In recent years, these affinity molecules have piqued the interest of researchers across various scientific fields, including pharmaceuticals, analytical chemistry, and plant science. Advancements in aptamer technology have significantly broadened the horizons of plant science, particularly in the areas of plant analyte detection, pathogen targeting, and protein function analysis. Despite the use of various other bioassays and molecular techniques for plant analyte detection, the small size, chemical stability, and cost-effective synthesis of aptamers make them invaluable tools for unravelling the complexities of plant cells. Here, we discuss the progress in the development of nucleic acid and peptide aptamers and summarize their applications in plant biotechnology. The principles and signalling methods of various aptamer-based biosensors and their prospects as biotechnological tools for functional genomic studies, pathogen resistance, and bioimaging are discussed. Finally, the present challenges and future perspectives of aptamer-based technology in plant research are also summarized.
Impact of Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons-certified supervisors and patient factors on manipulation time during single-incision laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Sanmoto Yohei , Kawami Akio , Goto Yudai , Masumoto Kouji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the influence of supervisory surgeons certified by the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons (JSPS) and patient-related factors on the manipulation time of single-incision laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SILPEC).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 469 SILPEC procedures that were performed between 2017 and 2023. Procedures were categorized based on whether or not the attending surgeons possessed JSPS certification as supervisors, and patient characteristics and manipulation time were compared. A multivariate analysis was also performed to evaluate the factors affecting manipulation time.

Results
In male patients, procedures attended by JSPS-certified supervisory surgeon had a shorter median (IQR) manipulation time (491.5 [396, 626.3] s) than those attended by non-certified surgeons (581 [445.3, 753] s; P = 0.0092). However, no significant difference was observed in female patients (367 [267.8, 623] vs. 399 [269.5, 593] s; P = 0.94). A multivariate analysis showed that, in males, attendance by a certified supervisor was associated with shorter manipulation times, whereas a history of hernia incarceration lengthened them. Furthermore, asymptomatic contralateral patent processus vaginalis repair was associated with shorter manipulation times in females.

Conclusion
Attendance by JSPS-certified supervisory surgeons significantly reduced manipulation time in male SILPEC cases. Considering patient background and procedural complexity, assigning JSPS-certified supervisory surgeons as attending surgeons may further enhance surgical efficiency.
Beyond the beats: a systematic review of the underlying inflammatory pathways between atrial fibrillation and cognitive decline
Authors: Machado Ana Mónica , Ferraz Ana Sofia , Pereira M. Graça , Leite Fernanda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive decline represent significant health challenges with increasing prevalence and significant socioeconomic implications. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between AF and cognitive decline, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Inflammation has emerged as a key mediator in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, encouraging an investigation into its role in the atrial fibrillation-cognition association. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating possible inflammatory mechanisms bridging AF and cognitive decline. Studies were assessed for quality and relevance, and data were synthesized using a narrative approach. Five papers were included, with only two longitudinal studies. Inflammatory biomarkers emerged as significant factors associated with both AF and cognitive decline. Three studies revealed a correlation between high-sensitivity CRP (HS-CRP) levels and cognitive decline in patients with AF, AF patients with cerebral infarction, and elderly individuals with AF. However, conflicting results were observed, as one study did not identify any associations between cognitive decline and HS-CRP levels. The scientific literature on this topic is scarce, and the results of existing studies often lack consistency in their findings, highlighting the need for further research to better understand and prevent this significant health burden in patients with AF. So, the results of this study are expected to inform future research directions and cognitive decline risk stratification, guiding the development of targeted interventions aimed at preserving cognitive function and improving outcomes in patients with AF.
Development of an Automated CAD System for Lesion Detection in DCE-MRI
Authors: Andreadis Theofilos , Chouchos Konstantinos , Courcoutsakis Nikolaos , Seimenis Ioannis , Koulouriotis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been recognized as an effective tool for early detection and characterization of breast lesions. This study proposes an automated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to facilitate lesion detection in DCE-MRI. The system initially identifies and crops the breast tissue reducing the processed image region and, thus, resulting in lower computational burden. Then, Otsu’s multilevel thresholding method is applied to detect and segment the suspicious regions of interest (ROIs), considering the dynamic enhancement changes across two post-contrast sequential phases. After segmentation, a two-stage false positive reduction process is applied. A rule-based stage is first applied, followed by the segmentation of control ROIs in the contralateral breast. A feature vector is then extracted from all ROIs and supervised classification is implemented using two classifiers (feed-forward backpropagation neural network (FFBPN) and support vector machine (SVM)). A dataset of 52 DCE-MRI exams was used for assessing the performance of the system in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. A total of 138 enhancing lesions were identified by an experienced radiologist and corresponded to CAD-detected ROIs. The system’s overall sensitivity was 83% when the FFBPN classifier was used and 92% when the SVM was applied. Moreover, the calculated area under curve for the SVM classifier was 0.95. Both employed classifiers exhibited high performance in identifying enhancing lesions and in differentiating them from healthy parenchyma. Current results suggest that the employment of a CAD system can expedite lesion detection in DCE-MRI images and, therefore, further research over larger datasets is warranted.
Semi-supervised Label Generation for 3D Multi-modal MRI Bone Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Curto-Vilalta Anna , Schlossmacher Benjamin , Valle Christina , Gersing Alexandra , Neumann Jan , von Eisenhart-Rothe Ruediger , Rueckert Daniel , Hinterwimmer Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Medical image segmentation is challenging due to the need for expert annotations and the variability of these manually created labels. Previous methods tackling label variability focus on 2D segmentation and single modalities, but reliable 3D multi-modal approaches are necessary for clinical applications such as in oncology. In this paper, we propose a framework for generating reliable and unbiased labels with minimal radiologist input for supervised 3D segmentation, reducing radiologists’ efforts and variability in manual labeling. Our framework generates AI-assisted labels through a two-step process involving 3D multi-modal unsupervised segmentation based on feature clustering and semi-supervised refinement. These labels are then compared against traditional expert-generated labels in a downstream task consisting of 3D multi-modal bone tumor segmentation. Two 3D-Unet models are trained, one with manually created expert labels and the other with AI-assisted labels. Following this, a blind evaluation is performed on the segmentations of these two models to assess the reliability of training labels. The framework effectively generated accurate segmentation labels with minimal expert input, achieving state-of-the-art performance. The model trained with AI-assisted labels outperformed the baseline model in 61.67% of blind evaluations, indicating the enhancement of segmentation quality and demonstrating the potential of AI-assisted labeling to reduce radiologists’ workload and improve label reliability for 3D multi-modal bone tumor segmentation. The code is available at https://github.com/acurtovilalta/3D_LabelGeneration.
Thermo-mechanical modelling of a gravitational slope deformation overlying an active hydrothermal system (Ischia, Italy) in a multiple hazard framework
Authors: Marmoni G. M. , Martino S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interaction between geothermal and mechanical processes can be considered relevant for the quantification of scenarios of slope stability in volcanic islands. The present research focuses on Ischia Island, which experienced a history of volcanic flank collapses in the last 10 ka. In the most uplifted sector of the resurgent caldera, a gravity-induced slope deformation took place and evolved in the area of Mt. Nuovo, where ultimate failure conditions have not yet been reached. To better understand the factors controlling the evolution of this slope deformation and to validate the hypothesised future instability scenario, a multiscale and multiphysical modelling approach was developed. This involved fine-tuning a 2D model of the deep hydrothermal system and combining it with a thermomechanical stress–strain model of the deforming slope. The numerical analysis examined the mechanics and rheology of tuffs, already constrained in laboratory, assuming present-day geothermal conditions and verifying the kinematics of the slope deformation process with respect to geomorphological time-volume targets. A strain-softening approach and viscosity thermal weakening were thus incorporated to back-analyse the rock mass creep process, reconstructing the size and mechanism of the slope deformation while aligning with geomorphological and temporal constraints. The study points out the preparatory role of geothermal anomalies in the evolution of large slope scale deformations, suggesting that thermally and strain-controlled viscosity reductions could lead to an acceleration of the process by approximately 10,000 years. Despite the formation of localised shear zones, no global paroxysmal failure was observed. This indicates that external or internal triggers, such as seismic or volcanic-hydrothermal transient events, are required to cause a slope collapse.
New insights into pulmonary arterial hypertension: interaction between PANoptosis and perivascular inflammatory responses
Authors: Su Xianli , Sun Yinhui , Dai Aiguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various etiologies, with pulmonary vascular remodeling recognized as a main pathological change. Currently, it is widely accepted that vascular remodeling is closely associated with abnormal pulmonary vascular cell death and perivascular inflammation. The simultaneous activation of various pulmonary vascular cell death leads to immune cell adhesion and inflammatory mediator releases; And in turn, the inflammatory response may also trigger cell death and jointly promote the progression of vascular remodeling. Recently, PANoptosis has been identified as a phenomenon that describes the simultaneous activation and interaction of multiple forms of programmed cell death (PCD). Therefore, the relationship between PANoptosis and inflammation in PAH warrants further investigation. This review examines the mechanisms underlying apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and inflammatory responses in PAH, with a focus on PANoptosis and its interactions with inflammation. And it aims to elucidate the significance of this emerging form of cell death and inflammation in the pathophysiology of PAH and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
Escalating threat: increasing impact of the polyphagous shot hole borer beetle, Euwallacea fornicatus, in nearly all major South African forest types
Authors: Townsend G. , Hill M. , Hurley B. P. , Roets F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB; Euwallacea fornicatus), is an invasive ambrosia beetle and poses a significant threat to a wide range of tree species globally. Despite its potential impact, research on the beetle's spread and impacts in natural ecosystems remains limited. This study examines the interactions between PSHB and native forest ecosystems in two regions in South Africa. Over 5 years, PSHB invaded all but one forest type with colonization being recorded on numerous native tree species, often resulting in severe infestations and sometimes mortality. Many tree species and families had higher than expected infestation rates. An increase in PSHB-attacked trees and infestation severity was observed over the course of the study with trees having a ~ 7.5% increased chance of PSHB infestations per year and PSHB holes increasing by over 10% annually. Significant temporal and regional effects on PSHB infestations were also noted. There were higher infestation levels in the tropical KwaZulu-Natal region than in the more temperate Western Cape. Monitoring plots closer to PSHB source populations had higher infestation rates. Higher tree species richness resulted in lower PSHB attacks, whereas higher densities of competent host species led to increased infestations. This study underscores the importance of extended monitoring of invasive species and provides key insights for the potential management of PSHB in natural forest ecosystems. The ecological effects of this invasion may be severe, with many important tree species sustaining infestations. Over time this invasion could have adverse effects to ecosystem functioning and resilience.
Using global occurrence data to predict suitable habitats for widely distributed marine species in data-scarce regions
Authors: De Wysiecki Agustín M. , Barnett Adam , Sánchez-Carnero Noela , Cortés Federico , Milessi Andrés C. , Trobbiani Gastón A. , Jaureguizar Andrés J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of advancing habitat use knowledge of widely distributed marine species populations when regional data is scarce. We use an approach based on ecological niche models (ENMs) calibrated with global presence data to estimate the global niche of species, enabling indirect predictions of suitable habitats and potential distribution in one or more regions of interest. The method leverages a range of global occurrence records, including scientific papers, government data, biodiversity repositories, and citizen science contributions, to overcome regional data scarcity, which are then integrated with environmental variables to predict habitat suitability. As a case study, we apply this method to predict suitable habitats of copper (Carcharhinus brachyurus) and sand tiger (Carcharias taurus) sharks in the Southwest Atlantic, two species of conservation concern in a region with limited data. Suitable habitats for both species were predicted, providing critical information for guiding conservation efforts. Environmental factors (i.e., bottom temperature, distance to the coast, and surface temperature) were key to shaping predicted distribution patterns of these large predatory sharks, aligning with previous knowledge and historical records of their latitudinal ranges. The results have implications for conservation planning and sustainable management of shark populations in the Southwest Atlantic, contributing to broader efforts in marine biodiversity conservation. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of ENMs to identify essential habitats even in the absence of effort data, underscoring their value in marine conservation. This study advances the use of niche modelling in marine systems and demonstrates its applicability for area-based conservation initiatives, particularly in data-poor regions.
Physical Health and Health Behaviours of Australians with Psychosis
Authors: Happell Brenda , Platania-Phung Chris , Furness Trentham , Scholz Brett , Niyonsenga Theo , Watkins Andrew , Curtis Jackie , Wang Zijian , Khanijou Supriya , Stanton Robert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
People living with psychosis live up to 20 years less compared to the general population. Cardiometabolic ill-health and barriers to health-related behaviour are significant contributors. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of cardiometabolic health and health behaviours of consumers attending a public community mental health service in an Australian city. One hundred and fourteen consumers currently living with psychosis participated. Standard measures of cardiometabolic health, quality of life and, health-related behaviours were utilised. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The cohort reported higher fruit intake and physical activity, and lower excess alcohol use compared to previous studies. Health-related behaviours including smoking and vegetable intake were poorer than previously reported. Participants had low levels of cardiometabolic health (e.g. abnormal lipids). Physical and mental quality of life was also lower than for general populations. Improved efforts to address physical health for people with mental health conditions are urgently needed.
‘If I am Reminded of my Trauma, I will …’: Assessing Threat Expectancies for Being Confronted with Trauma Reminders
Authors: Kooistra Marike Jolien , van Minnen Agnes , Oprel Danielle , Schoorl Maartje , van der Does Willem , de Kleine Rianne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Dysfunctional threat appraisal plays a key role in both the development and treatment of PTSD. It is unclear how these appraisals can best be measured. This study aimed to explore the specific negative outcome predictions held by patients with PTSD and to develop and validate the Threat Appraisal in PTSD Scale (TAPS).

Methods
We used data from a non-clinical (N = 309) and clinical sample (N = 125) to assess the psychometric properties of the TAPS.

Results
The TAPS had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity were adequate. The TAPS showed to be sensitive to change following treatment. The TAPS demonstrated incremental validity beyond general cognitions in predicting PTSD symptoms in the combined sample, but not in the patient sample. An exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors: ‘losing control’, ‘externalizing reactions’, and ‘physical reactions’, and patients seemed most concerned about outcomes related to ‘losing control’.

Conclusions
These findings imply that the TAPS could be clinically beneficial, enabling patients and therapists to recognize dysfunctional expectancies and tailor therapeutic interventions accordingly.
ChatGPT in Academia: University Students’ Attitudes Towards the use of ChatGPT and Plagiarism
Authors: Fajt Balázs , Schiller Emese 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This mixed-methods study examines the integration of ChatGPT within academic discourse, focusing on its role in education. ChatGPT, an AI chatbot using the GPT model, offers significant benefits such as enhanced plagiarism detection and improved accuracy in academic work. However, it also presents ethical challenges related to academic integrity. The research explores factors influencing student adoption, including perceived usefulness, ease of use, overall attitude, and anxiety related to ChatGPT usage. Additionally, the study investigates how gender, educational context, and prior AI experience affect ChatGPT usage and perception among a sample of 607 Hungarian university students. It also examines the potential relationship between students’ willingness to use ChatGPT and their willingness to plagiarize. The findings reveal a generally positive attitude towards ChatGPT but also highlight concerns about potential misuse. This study aims to contribute to the responsible integration of AI in education by providing insights and recommendations to balance technological innovation with the preservation of academic integrity.