bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of machine learning approaches for structure–function modeling in glaucoma
Authors: Wong Damon , Chua Jacqueline , Bujor Inna , Chong Rachel S. , Nongpiur Monisha E. , Vithana Eranga N. , Husain Rahat , Aung Tin , Popa‐Cherecheanu Alina , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo evaluate machine learning (ML) approaches for structure–function modeling to estimate visual field (VF) loss in glaucoma, models from different ML approaches were trained on optical coherence tomography thickness measurements to estimate global VF mean deviation (VF MD) and focal VF loss from 24‐2 standard automated perimetry. The models were compared using mean absolute errors (MAEs). Baseline MAEs were obtained from the VF values and their means. Data of 832 eyes from 569 participants were included, with 537 Asian eyes for training, and 148 Asian and 111 Caucasian eyes set aside as the respective test sets. All ML models performed significantly better than baseline. Gradient‐boosted trees (XGB) achieved the lowest MAE of 3.01 (95% CI: 2.57, 3.48) dB and 3.04 (95% CI: 2.59, 3.99) dB for VF MD estimation in the Asian and Caucasian test sets, although difference between models was not significant. In focal VF estimation, XGB achieved median MAEs of 4.44 [IQR 3.45–5.17] dB and 3.87 [IQR 3.64–4.22] dB across the 24‐2 VF for the Asian and Caucasian test sets and was comparable to VF estimates from support vector regression (SVR) models. VF estimates from both XGB and SVR were significantly better than the other models. These results show that XGB and SVR could potentially be used for both global and focal structure–function modeling in glaucoma.
Interrupted Access to and Use of Family Planning Among Youth in a Community‐Based Service in Zimbabwe During the First Year of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Mavodza Constancia V. , Bernays Sarah , Mackworth‐Young Constance R.S. , Nyamwanza Rangarirayi , Nzombe Portia , Dauya Ethel , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Tembo Mandikudza , Apollo Tsitsi , Mugurungi Owen , Madzima Bernard , Kranzer Katharina , Abbas Ferrand Rashida , Busza Joanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had serious impacts on economic, social, and health systems, and fragile public health systems have become overburdened in many countries, exacerbating existing service delivery challenges. This study describes the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on family planning services within a community‐based integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health intervention for youth aged 16–24 years being trialled in Zimbabwe (CHIEDZA). It examines the experiences of health providers and clients in relation to how the first year of the pandemic affected access to and use of contraceptives.
Severe intracranial haemorrhage in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to antibodies against human platelet antigen 1b: Case report and literature review
Authors: Tomac Gordana , Gojčeta Koraljka , Grizelj Ruža , Coen Herak Desiree , Ostojić Sanja Baršić , Golubić Ćepulić Branka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare life‐threatening disorder, leading to severe thrombocytopenia and potentially bleeding, with intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) being the most serious complication. We report on a FNAIT case with fourth‐degree ICH that arose due to antibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1b. The male infant, born to an otherwise healthy mother, presented with severe signs of ICH soon after delivery. Since only moderate thrombocytopenia was noted and there were no active signs of bleeding, the infant did not receive intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) or platelet transfusion. Spontaneous recovery of platelets was noted on the eighth day of life, but permanent neurological impairment remained as a consequence of ICH. We report the results of HPA and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in the mother's and the infant's sera, the family's HPA genotype and the mother's HLA genotype, and summarise previously described cases of FNAIT due to anti‐HPA‐1b antibodies in the literature. FNAIT with severe ICH due to anti‐HPA‐1b antibodies is rarely diagnosed. An association between HLA genes and sensitization to HPA‐1b antibodies was not demonstrated. The severity of FNAIT and the occurrence of ICH is often difficult to predict. In this case, the infant presented with moderate thrombocytopenia and ICH, with subsequent permanent consequences.
Evaluation of different blood tests in dogs with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts to assess shunt closure after surgical treatment
Authors: Devriendt Nausikaa , Paepe Dominique , Serrano Gonçalo , de Rooster Hilde 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of different individual and combined blood tests to assess extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) closure after gradual attenuation of EHPSS in dogs.Study designClinical prospective study.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs with EHPSS.MethodsFasting ammonia (FA), preprandial, postprandial, and paired serum bile acids (SBA), the lidocaine/monoethylglycylxylidide (L/MEGX) test, and serum hyaluronic acid (SHA) were performed at diagnosis, and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Transsplenic portal scintigraphy was performed to determine EHPSS closure 3 months postoperatively. Their sensitivity and specificity in determining shunt closure postoperatively were calculated.ResultsWhen assessing a single blood parameter, FA had the highest specificity (100%), whereas SHA and MEGX measured 15 min after lidocaine administration (T15) had the highest sensitivity (96.9% and 96.2%, respectively) for determining shunt closure postoperatively. The most promising blood test combinations were SHA (sensitivity 96.9%, specificity 81.8%), combined with the L/MEGX test (MEGX at T15: sensitivity 100%, specificity 72.4%) or the L/MEGX test (MEGX at T15) combined with either FA (sensitivity 100%, specificity 82.8%) or postprandial SBA (sensitivity 100%, specificity 81.5%).ConclusionBoth SHA and the L/MEGX test were sensitive tests for determining shunt closure after gradual attenuation of EHPSS. Test performances could even be improved by combining these tests with each other or with traditional tests such as FA or postprandial SBA.Clinical significanceAlthough SHA and the L/MEGX test are sensitive blood tests for determining EHPSS closure, especially when combined with traditional blood tests, imaging is still needed to confirm EHPSS closure.
Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Rectangular Channels With Internal Rough Surface Naturally Formed by Selective Laser Melting Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Deng Yipan , Fu Lei , Liu Yinshui , Jiang Xin , Cui Yan , Wu Defa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As a metal three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, selective laser melting (SLM) has been extensively applied to manufacture complex-shaped parts in industries. It is well known that the naturally formed surface by SLM processing is usually rough and irregular. The effects of the rough surface on heat transfer and fluid flow cannot be neglected when SLM is applied to fields such as heat exchangers and cooling equipment. In this paper, a novel bottom-up approach was proposed to build the naturally formed rough surface by SLM 3D printing. Numerical investigation on pressure loss and heat transfer characteristics of rectangular channels has been carried out based on the naturally formed rough model. Constant thermal boundary and symmetry boundary conditions were employed in the procedure of numerical computation. For comparison, a variety of typical surfaces with different roughness elements in previous studies have been introduced and analyzed. Results confirmed that the proposed rough surface modeling method was fully capable of descripting the real 3D-printed surface topography. Compared with the smooth surface, the heat transfer capacity of the 3D-printed rough channel was increased by 8.99%, while the pressure loss was increased by 25.02%. Additionally, 3D-printed rough surface had better overall thermal performance compared to rough surfaces with regular roughness element.
Relationship between serum lipid level and colorectal cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Zhenpeng , Tang Huazhen , Lu Shuai , Sun Xibo , Rao Benqiang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveInvestigative studies report contradictory results of the relationship between serum lipid levels and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective published studies to clarify the relationship between serum lipid and CRC risk.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data SourcesPubMed and Embase from inception until December 2020.Eligibility criteriaWe considered prospective cohort and case–control studies that evaluated differences in serum lipid levels with the risk of developing CRC.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened and included the studies using standardised electronic data extraction forms. The relative risks of the studies were combined with random-effect and fixed-effect models and were analysed for heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity.ResultsTwenty-four prospective studies, including 4 224 317 individuals with 29 499 CRC cases, were included in the meta-analysis. The total pooled risk ratio (RR) for high vs low concentrations of triglyceride (TG) concentrations was reported at 1.21 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.34; I2=46.8%), total cholesterol (TC) was at 1.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.22; I2=36.8%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 0.86 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.97; I2=28.8%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was observed at 1.03 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.41; I2=69.4%).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that high levels of serum TG and TC are positively correlated with the incidence rate of CRC, while high levels of serum HDL-C are negatively correlated with CRC incidence rate. Furthermore, no association was found between LDL-C and the risk of developing CRC. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity brought about by comparative methods, demographic differences and pathological differences between the research subjects limits the effectiveness of the overall pooled results.
Psychological interventions for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Tiles-Sar Natalia , Neuser Johanna , de Sordi Dominik , Rücker Gerta , Baltes Anne , Preiss Jan , Moser Gabriele , Timmer Antje 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionPatients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often report psychological problems, unemployment, disability, sick leave and compromised quality of life. The effect of psychological interventions on health-related outcomes in IBD is controversial as previous reviews faced the obstacle of high heterogeneity among provided multimodular interventions. The heterogeneity can be addressed with network meta-analysis (NMA) and (multi)component NMA (CNMA). We aim to investigate whether psychological interventions can improve quality of life, clinical and social outcomes in IBD using NMA and CNMA. This is the study protocol.Methods and analysisWe will consider randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, including cluster randomised and cross-over trials with 2 months of minimum follow-up. The conditions to be studied comprise Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in children, adolescents and adults. We will include any psychological intervention aiming to change the health status of the study participant.We will search Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, LILACS, Psyndex, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and trial registries from inception (the search will be updated before the review completion). Two authors will independently screen all references based on titles and abstracts. For data extraction, standard forms are developed and tested before extraction. All information will be assessed independently by at least two reviewers, and disagreements solved by consensus discussion or a third rater if necessary.The data synthesis will include a pairwise meta-analysis supported by meta-regression. We will conduct NMA (all treatments will constitute single nodes of the network) and CNMA (we will define all treatments as sums of core components, eg, cognitive +behaviour, or cognitive +behaviour + relaxation, and additionally consider interactions) using the R Package netmeta.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required. Reports will include the final report to the funder, conference presentation, peer-reviewed publication and a patient report.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021250446.
Awareness about laryngopharyngeal reflux disease among Chinese otolaryngologists: a nationwide survey
Authors: Xiao Shuifang , Li Jinrang , Zheng Hongliang , Li Xiangping , Yang Hui , Zhang Junbo , Peng Xiaoxia , Zhou Shuihong , Zhao Chen , Chen Donghui , Xiao Xuping , Shi Li , Huangfu Hui , Tao Zhenfeng , Chen Xiong , Liu Yehai , Qu Shenhong , Wang Guangke , Chen Ting , Cui Xiaobo , Tian Linli , Zhou Wensheng , Fang Hongyan , Huang Yongwang , Yu Guodong , Lin Zhenqun , Tang Liang , He Jian , Ma Ruixia , Yu Zhaoyan 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the status of the current knowledge about laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) among Chinese otolaryngologists.DesignMulti-centre cross-sectional survey.Setting220 medical centres in different regions of China.ParticipantsA total of 2254 otolaryngologists from 220 medical centres in China who were successfully on-site surveyed between November 2019 and December 2020.Main outcome measuresAwareness about LPRD included knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, laryngoscope signs, related diseases, current diagnostic methods and treatments.ResultsThe percentage of participants who had heard of LPRD was 96.4%, with academic conferences as the most common source of information (73.3%). The most commonly known risk factor, symptom, laryngoscope sign, related disease, diagnostic method and treatment were alcohol consumption (44.0%), pharyngeal foreign body sensation (66.9%), hyperaemia (52.4%), pharyngolaryngitis (54.8%), pH monitoring (47.6%) and medication (82.1%), respectively. Only 28.3% of all participants knew that 24 h pH or multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring was the most accurate diagnostic test. As many as 73.1% of all participants knew that proton pump inhibitors were the first-line treatment drugs. An analysis of the overall status of awareness using a scoring system suggested that otolaryngologists were better aware owing to more access, working at 3A hospitals, and postgraduate or above educational background (all p<0.05).ConclusionAlthough the majority of Chinese otolaryngologists had heard of LPRD, their overall awareness about the disease was not encouraging. More efforts are needed to increase the knowledge about LPRD among this group of physicians.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900025581
Outcome in patients undergoing postponed elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (TRACE II): study protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Werger Alice C , Breel Jennifer , van Kuijk Sander , Bulte Carolien S E , Koopman Seppe , Scheffer Gert Jan , Noordzij Peter G , in ‘t Veld Bas A , Wensing Carin G C L , Hollmann Markus W , Buhre Wolfgang , de Korte-de Boer Dianne 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic many non-acute elective surgeries were cancelled or postponed around the world. This has created an opportunity to study the effect of delayed surgery on health conditions prior to surgery and postsurgical outcomes in patients with postponed elective surgery. The control group of the Routine Postsurgical Anesthesia Visit to Improve Patient Outcome (TRACE I) study, conducted between 2016 and 2019, will serve as a control cohort.Methods and analysisTRACE II is an observational, multicentre, prospective cohort study among surgical patients with postponed surgery due to COVID-19 in academic and non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. We aim to include 2500 adult patients. The primary outcome will be the 30-day incidence of major postoperative complications. Secondary outcome measures include the 30-day incidence of minor postoperative complications, 1 year mortality, length of stay (in hospital, medium care and intensive care), quality of recovery 30 days after surgery and postoperative quality of life up to 1 year following surgery. Multivariable logistic mixed-effects regression analysis with a random intercept for hospital will be used to test group differences on the primary outcome.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Maastricht University Medical Centre+ and Amsterdam UMC. Findings will be presented at national and international conferences, as well as published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, with a preference for open access journals. Data will be made publicly available after publication of the main results.Trial registration numberNL8841.
Impact of a synchronous prophylactic treatment of the anterior accessory saphenous vein on the recurrent varicose vein rate in patients undergoing thermal ablation of an insufficient great saphenous vein (SYNCHRONOUS-Study): study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, controlled observational study
Authors: Fink Christine , Hartmann Karsten , Mattausch Thomas , Wenzel Hans-Christian , Zollmann Phillip , Veltman Jürgen , Weiler Thomas , Lengfellner Guido , Müller Lars , Stücker Markus , Pannier Felizitas , Dietrich Carmen , Uhlmann Lorenz , Hirsch Tobias 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionTo date, there are no prospective studies evaluating the prevention of recurrent veins by the simultaneous treatment of a sufficient anterior accessory saphenous vein (AASV) in patients undergoing endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of an insufficient great saphenous vein (GSV). This study will provide important information about the impact of the AASV on the development of recurrent veins after EVLA of the GSV. Additionally, it will be clarified whether patients benefit from a preventive ablation of a sufficient AASV.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, prospective, controlled, exploratory clinical study in 1150 patients with a medical indication for EVLA of a refluxing great saphenous vein. Patients will be enrolled into two study groups: in half of the patients EVLA will be performed on the insufficient GSV only. In the other half of the patients EVLA will be performed on the insufficient GSV and additionally on the sufficient AASV. Within seven study visits, patients will be followed-up over a time period of 5 years. Primary study endpoint is the recurrence rate; secondary endpoints include inter alia, complication rate, postoperative pain intensity, quality of life and patient satisfaction.Ethics and disseminationBefore initiation of the study, the protocol was presented and approved by the independent ethics committee of the medical faculty of the University of Heidelberg (Ethics approval number S-596/2018). This study was prospectively registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (https://www.germanctr.de/). Research findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trial Registry (DRKS00015486).
Functional Improvement Trajectories After Surgery (FIT After Surgery) study: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study to evaluate significant new disability after major surgery in older adults
Authors: Wijeysundera Duminda N , Alibhai Shabbir M H , Ladha Karim S , Puts Martine T E , Chesney Tyler R , Daza Julian F , Ehtesham Sahar , Hladkowicz Emily , Lebovic Gerald , Mazer C David , van Vlymen Janet M , Wei Alice C , McIsaac Daniel I 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionOlder adults prioritise surviving surgery, but also preservation of their functional status and quality of life. Current approaches to measure postoperative recovery, which focus on death, complications and length of hospitalisation, may miss key relevant domains. We propose that postoperative disability is an important patient-centred outcome to measure intermediate-to-long recovery after major surgery in older adults.Methods and analysisThe Functional Improvement Trajectories After Surgery (FIT After Surgery) study is a multicentre cohort study of 2000 older adults (≥65 years) having major non-cardiac surgery. Its objectives are to characterise the incidence, trajectories, risk factors and impact of new significant disability after non-cardiac surgery. Disability is assessed using WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 instrument and participants’ level-of-care needs. Disability assessments occur before surgery, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. The primary outcome is significantly worse WHODAS score or death at 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes are (1) significantly worse WHODAS score or death at 1 year after surgery, (2) increased care needs or death at 6 months after surgery and (3) increased care needs or death at 1 year after surgery. We will use multivariable logistic regression models to determine the association of preoperative characteristics and surgery type with outcomes, joint modelling to characterise longitudinal time trends in WHODAS scores over 12 months after surgery, and longitudinal latent class mixture models to identify clusters following similar trajectories of disability.Ethics and disseminationThe FIT After Surgery study has received research ethics board approval at all sites. Recruitment began in December 2019 but was placed on hold in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment was gradually restarted in October 2020, with 1-year follow-up expected to finish in 2023. Publication of the primary results is anticipated to occur in 2024.
ezPreemie study protocol: a randomised controlled factorial trial testing web-based parent training and coaching with parents of children born very preterm
Authors: Greene Michelle M , Schoeny M E , Berteletti Julia , Keim Sarah A , Neel Mary Lauren , Patra Kousiki , Smoske Shea , Breitenstein Susan 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionChildren born very preterm (VPT; gestational age <32 weeks) are twice as likely to demonstrate behaviour problems such as aggression, non-compliance, temper tantrums and irritability compared with their term-born peers. While behavioural parent training (BPT), also referred to as behaviour therapy is a gold standard for prevention and treatment of childhood problem behaviours, there are limited accessible and effective BPT interventions for families with children born VPT. The purpose of this paper is to describe a multicentre, randomised controlled protocol for a factorial design trial evaluating the independent and combined effects of theezParent BPT intervention plus brief, weekly coaching calls on parent and child outcomes for families with toddlers born VPT.Methods and analysisThe study employs a 2×2 factorial randomised design. Parents (n=220) of children aged 20–30 months corrected age who were born VPT (<32 weeks) will be recruited from two large metropolitan Neonatal Intensive Care Units follow-up clinics and randomised to one of four conditions: (1)ezParent (2)ezParent +coach, (3) Active control or (4) Active Control +coach. Data on parenting and child behaviour outcomes will be obtained from all participants at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months postbaseline. All analyses will use an intention-to-treat approach, independent of their actual dose of each intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by The Ohio State University Institutional Review Board (IRB) using a single IRB. Study results will be disseminated through presentations at regional and national conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals, and sharing research reports with participating families and recruiting sites.Trial registration numberNCT05217615.