bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Components of Good Sex in Young Urban Trans People Assigned Female at Birth: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Engelmann Anika J. , Nicklisch Saskia , Nieder Timo O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of sexual dissatisfaction and dysfunction is high in trans people, as reflected in lower sexual pleasure scores compared to cis people.AimThe aim of this study is to explore components of good sex and sexual pleasure in young, urban trans people assigned female at birth (AFAB).Methods16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with young urban AFAB trans people. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.OutcomesMain outcomes were providing participants components of good sex and sexual pleasure.ResultsRegarding components of good sex, the participants of this study described various influences on their ability to relax as well as strategies to increase relaxation during sex. Next to general influences on relaxation, the ability to relax was influenced by the way their partners interacted with them and thus how accepted they felt in their identities and feeling safe. Further, transition and coming-out status, physical and sexual function changes due to hormone therapy and gender affirming surgeries, specific sexual techniques and aids, social constructs and the circumstances in which sex took place were important. Strategies to increase relaxation included using aids such as penis prostheses, preferring certain sexual practices, that is, being more dominant or on eye-level, reducing visual aspects, drinking alcohol, and deconstructing gender and sexual norms.Clinical ImplicationsWhen working with trans clients, inhibitors of relaxation should be assessed and addressed, which could include working on clients believes about trans sexuality, gendered sexual scripts or various techniques to reduce body dysphoria, if present, during sexual practices.Strengths & LimitationsFollowing a non-clinical community sampling with no treatment-related dependency between researchers and participants, the sample provides an open access to the participating trans people's sexuality. However, the sample is small, selective, and it includes only able-bodied trans people from Christian religious backgrounds.ConclusionNext to sexual problems and dysfunctions, future research on the relationship between medical transition and sexuality should additionally address positive aspects of sexuality, such as sexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction, and its possible function as a resource pre, during and post transition.
Derivation and validation of a risk assessment model for drug-resistant pathogens in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Rothberg Michael B. , Haessler Sarah , Deshpande Abhishek , Yu Pei-Chun , Lindenauer Peter K. , Zilberberg Marya D. , Higgins Thomas L. , Imrey Peter B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:To derive and validate a model for risk of resistance to first-line community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) therapy.Design:We developed a logistic regression prediction model from a large multihospital discharge database and validated it versus the Drug Resistance in Pneumonia (DRIP) score in a holdout sample and another hospital system outside that database. Resistance to first-line CAP therapy (quinolone or third generation cephalosporin plus macrolide) was based on blood or respiratory cultures.Setting:This study was conducted using data from 177 Premier Healthcare database hospitals and 11 Cleveland Clinic hospitals.Participants:Adults hospitalized for CAP.Exposure:Risk factors for resistant infection.Results:Among 138,762 eligible patients in the Premier database, 12,181 (8.8%) had positive cultures and 5,200 (3.8%) had organisms resistant to CAP therapy. Infection with a resistant organism in the previous year was the strongest predictor of resistance; markers of acute illness (eg, receipt of mechanical ventilation or vasopressors) and chronic illness (eg, pressure ulcer, paralysis) were also associated with resistant infections. Our model outperformed the DRIP score with a C-statistic of 0.71 versus 0.63 for the DRIP score (P < .001) in the Premier holdout sample, and 0.65 versus 0.58 (P < .001) in Cleveland Clinic hospitals. Clinicians at Premier facilities used broad-spectrum antibiotics for 20%–30% of patients. In discriminating between patients with and without resistant infections, physician judgment slightly outperformed the DRIP instrument but not our model.Conclusions:Our model predicting infection with a resistant pathogen outperformed both the DRIP score and physician practice in an external validation set. Its integration into practice could reduce unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
ON THE TWO-PARAMETER ERDŐS–FALCONER DISTANCE PROBLEM IN FINITE FIELDS
Authors: CLÉMENT FRANCOIS , MOJARRAD HOSSEIN NASSAJIAN , PHAM DUC HIEP , SHEN CHUN-YEN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven
$E \subseteq \mathbb {F}_q^d \times \mathbb {F}_q^d$
, with the finite field
$\mathbb {F}_q$
of order q and the integer
$d\,\ge \, 2$
, we define the two-parameter distance set
$\Delta _{d, d}(E)=\{(\|x-y\|, \|z-t\|) : (x, z), (y, t) \in E \}$
. Birklbauer and Iosevich [‘A two-parameter finite field Erdős–Falconer distance problem’, Bull. Hellenic Math. Soc.61 (2017), 21–30] proved that if
$|E| \gg q^{{(3d+1)}/{2}}$
, then
$ |\Delta _{d, d}(E)| = q^2$
. For
$d=2$
, they showed that if
$|E| \gg q^{{10}/{3}}$
, then
$ |\Delta _{2, 2}(E)| \gg q^2$
. In this paper, we give extensions and improvements of these results. Given the diagonal polynomial
$P(x)=\sum _{i=1}^da_ix_i^s\in \mathbb F_q[x_1,\ldots , x_d]$
, the distance induced by P over
$\mathbb {F}_q^d$
is
$\|x-y\|_s:=P(x-y)$
, with the corresponding distance set
$\Delta ^s_{d, d}(E)=\{(\|x-y\|_s, \|z-t\|_s) : (x, z), (y, t) \in E \}$
. We show that if
$|E| \gg q^{{(3d+1)}/{2}}$
, then
$ |\Delta _{d, d}^s(E)| \gg q^2$
. For
$d=2$
and the Euclidean distance, we improve the former result over prime fields by showing that
$ |\Delta _{2,2}(E)| \gg p^2$
for
$|E| \gg p^{{13}/{4}}$
.
Genesis of meta-gabbroic crustal xenoliths found in Neogene/Quaternary alkali olivine basalt, northeastern Iran
Authors: Saadat Saeed , Stern Charles R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRounded to angular granoblastic textured mafic xenoliths, ranging from ∼1 to 6 cm in dimension, occur together with mantle peridotite xenoliths in a small Neogene/Quaternary alkali basalt cone in northeastern Iran. These crustal xenoliths consist of plagioclase feldspar, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and minor olivine, spinel, titanomagnetite and apatite. Their bulk compositions are similar to tholeiitic basalts and they are interpreted as meta-gabbroic rocks derived from mid- to lower crustal depths of 18 to 30 km. Rb–Sr dating suggests an age of c. 457 ± 95 Ma for these crustal xenoliths, and their geochemistry shows some similarities to Ordovician gabbros that crop out ∼20 km to the west. The data suggest that the gabbroic proto-lithologies of the xenoliths formed by intrusion of mafic magmas into the mid- to lower crust, possibly during extension and magmatism related to the opening of the Hercynian Palaeotethys ocean that separated central and eastern Iran from the Eurasian plate during the Late Palaeozoic.
Practical implications from distinguishing between Pearl blankets and Friston blankets
Authors: Fox Stephen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnalysis provided in The Emperor's New Markov Blankets reveals that there is limited potential for practical application of Pearl and Friston blankets. However, Bruineberg and colleagues' analysis includes a simple diagram that has potential to better enable shared understanding of interactions between free energy principle constructs during the design and implementation of biosocial–technical systems.
Scientific realism about Friston blankets without literalism
Authors: Kiverstein Julian , Kirchhoff Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bruineberg and colleagues' critique of Friston blankets relies on what we call the “literalist fallacy”: the assumption that in order for Friston blankets to represent real boundaries, biological systems must literally possess or instantiate Markov blankets. We argue that it is important to distinguish a realist view of Friston blankets from the literalist view of Bruineberg and colleagues’ critique.
The map, the territory, and the cartographer: Linking the “pure” formal models to the “murky” material world
Authors: Ciaunica Anna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Assigning to Pearl blankets an instrumental, a “pure” formal role, tacitly delegates the thorny question of mapping the “murky” territory to empirical sciences. But this move side-lines the problem, and does not offer a solution to the question: How do we relate the formal properties of an agent's model of the world to the real properties of the world itself?
Machine learning model to predict tensile properties of annealed Ti6Al4V parts prepared by selective laser melting
Authors: Yang Zhaotong , Yang Mei , Sisson Richard , Li Yanhua , Liang Jianyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, an artificial neural network model is established to understand the relationship among the tensile properties of as-printed Ti6Al4V parts, annealing parameters, and the tensile properties of annealed Ti6Al4V parts. The database was established by collecting published reports on the annealing treatment of selective laser melting (SLM) Ti6Al4V, from 2006 to 2020. Using the established model, it is possible to prescribe annealing parameters and predict properties after annealing for SLM Ti-6Al-4V parts with high confidence. The model shows high accuracy in the prediction of yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). It is found that the YS and UTS are sensitive to the annealing parameters, including temperature and holding time. The YS and UTS are also sensitive to initial YS and UTS of as-printed parts. The model suggests that an annealing process of the holding time of fewer than 4 h and the holding temperature lower than 850°C is desirable for as-printed Ti6Al4V parts to reach the YS required by the ASTM standard. By studying the collected data of microstructure and tensile properties of annealed Ti6Al4V, a new Hall-Petch relationship is proposed to correlate grain size and YS for annealed SLM Ti6Al4V parts in this work. The prediction of strain to failure shows lower accuracy compared with the predictions of YS and UTS due to the large scattering of the experimental data collected from the published reports.
Gamification of design thinking: a way to enhance effectiveness of learning
Authors: Bhatt Apoorv Naresh , Chakrabarti Amaresh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to develop and test a gamified design thinking framework, including its pedagogical elements, for supporting various learning objectives for school students. By synthesizing the elements and principles of design, learning and games, the authors propose a framework for a learning tool for school students to fulfil a number of learning objectives; the framework includes a design thinking process called “IISC Design Thinking” and its gamified version called “IISC DBox”. The effectiveness of the framework as a learning tool has been evaluated by conducting workshops that involved 77 school students. The results suggest that the gamification used had a positive effect on the design outcomes, fulfilment of learning objectives, and learners' achievements, indicating the potential of the framework for offering an effective, gamified tool for promoting design thinking in school education. In addition to presenting results from empirical studies for fulfilment of the objectives, this paper also proposes an approach that can be used for identifying appropriate learning objectives, selecting appropriate game elements to fulfil these objectives, and integrating appropriate game elements with design and learning elements. The paper also proposes a general approach for assessing the effectiveness of a gamified version for attaining a given set of learning objectives. The methodology used in this paper thus can be used as a reference for developing and evaluating a gamified version of design thinking course suitable not only for school education but also for other domains (e.g., engineering, management) with minimal changes.
Can a new role, the (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioner (T/APP), add value in General Practice? Results from the pilot year evaluation
Authors: Budd Miranda , Gardner Rebecca , Bhutani Gita , Gardner Kathryn , Iqbal Ameera , Harding Charlotte , Baguley Clare , Chauhan Umesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
The deployment of (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioners (T/APPs) to deliver brief psychological interventions focusing on preventing mental health deterioration and promoting emotional wellbeing in General Practice settings is a novel development in the North West of England. As the need and demand for psychological practitioners increases, new workforce supply routes are required to meet this growth.

Aims:
To evaluate the clinical impact and efficacy of the mental health prevention and promotion service, provided by the T/APPs and the acceptability of the role from the perspective of the workforce and the role to T/APPs, patients and services.

Methods:
A mixed-methods design was used. To evaluate clinical outcomes, patients completed measures of wellbeing (WEMWBS), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and resilience (BRS) at the first session, final session and at a 4–6 week follow-up. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted comparing scores from session 1 and session 4, and session 1 and follow-up for each of the four outcome measures. To evaluate acceptability, questionnaires were sent to General Practice staff, T/APPs and patients to gather qualitative and quantitative feedback on their views of the T/APP role. Quantitative responses were collated and summarised. Qualitative responses were analysed using inductive summative content analysis to identify themes.

Results:
T-test analysis revealed clinically and statistically significant reductions in depression and anxiety and elevations in wellbeing and resiliency between session 1 and session 4, and at follow-up. Moderate–large effect sizes were recorded. Acceptability of the T/APP role was established across General Practice staff, T/APPs and patients. Content analysis revealed two main themes: positive feedback and constructive feedback. Positive sub-themes included accessibility of support, type of support, patient benefit and primary care network benefit. Constructive sub-themes included integration of the role and limitations to the support.

Conclusions:
The introduction of T/APPs into General Practice settings to deliver brief mental health prevention and promotion interventions is both clinically effective and acceptable to patients, General Practice staff and psychology graduates.
Compton Camera Imaging of a Gamma‐Ray Glow From a Thunderstorm
Authors: Kuriyama E. , Masubuchi M. , Koshikawa N. , Iwashita R. , Omata A. , Kanda T. , Kataoka J. , Tsurumi M. , Diniz G. , Enoto T. , Wada Y. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGamma‐ray glows associated with thunderclouds have been observed since the 1980s, however it remains unclear how, and at which thunderstorms gamma‐ray glows are generated in dense atmospheres. In this study, we report the first Compton camera imaging of a gamma‐ray glow from a winter thundercloud. On 14 January 2022, using two identical Bi4Ge3O12 scintillators in energy range of 0.05–5 MeV, we detected two gamma‐ray glows lasting ∼4 min in a mountain area 25 km from the Japan Sea and 410 m above sea level. The same events were also observed by the Compton camera, where the first glow we observed suggested statistically significant (4.0 and 5.9 σ level) signals of two enhanced concentrations in gamma‐ray photon images in a range of 0.15–1.5 MeV. These concentrations were most clearly observed in a time window of Δt = 50 s around the peak intensity of the gamma‐ray glow.
A New Mechanism for Early‐Time Plasmaspheric Refilling: The Role of Charge Exchange Reactions in the Transport of Energy and Mass Throughout the Ring Current—Plasmasphere System
Authors: Liu Jianghuai , Ilie Raluca , Borovsky Joseph E. , Liemohn Michael W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCold H+ produced via charge exchange reactions between ring current ions and exospheric neutral hydrogen constitutes an additional source of cold plasma that further contributes to the plasmasphere and affects the plasma dynamics in the Earth's magnetosphere system; however, its production and associated effects on the plasmasphere dynamics have not been fully assessed and quantified. In this study, we perform numerical simulations mimicking an idealized three‐phase geomagnetic storm to investigate the role of heavy ion composition in the ring current (O+ vs. N+) and exospheric neutral hydrogen density in the production of cold H+ via charge exchange reactions. It is found that ring current heavy ions produce more than 50% of the total cold H+ via charge exchange reactions, and energetic N+ is more efficient in producing cold H+ via charge exchange reactions than O+. Furthermore, the density structure of the cold H+ is highly dependent on the mass of the parent ion; that is, cold H+ deriving from charge exchange reactions involving energetic O+ with neutral hydrogen, populates the lower L‐shells, while cold H+ deriving from charge exchange reactions involving energetic N+ with neutral hydrogen populates the higher L‐shells. In addition, the density of cold H+ produced via charge exchange reactions involving N+ can be peak at values up to one order of magnitude larger than the local plasmaspheric density, suggesting that solely considering the supply of cold plasma from the ionosphere to the plasmasphere can lead to a significant underestimation of plasmasphere density.
Effects of Increasing the Category Resolution of the Sea Ice Thickness Distribution in a Coupled Climate Model on Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Mean State
Authors: Smith Madison M. , Holland Marika M. , Petty Alek A. , Light Bonnie , Bailey David A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany modern sea ice models used in global climate models represent the subgrid‐scale heterogeneity in sea ice thickness with an ice thickness distribution (ITD), which improves model realism by representing the significant impact of the high spatial heterogeneity of sea ice thickness on thermodynamic and dynamic processes. Most models default to five thickness categories. However, little has been done to explore the effects of the resolution of this distribution (number of categories) on sea‐ice feedbacks in a coupled model framework and resulting representation of the sea ice mean state. Here, we explore this using sensitivity experiments in CESM2 with the standard 5 ice thickness categories and 15 ice thickness categories. Increasing the resolution of the ITD in a run with preindustrial climate forcing results in substantially thicker Arctic sea ice year‐round. Analyses show that this is a result of the ITD influence on ice strength. With 15 ITD categories, weaker ice occurs for the same average thickness, resulting in a higher fraction of ridged sea ice. In contrast, the higher resolution of thin ice categories results in enhanced heat conduction and bottom growth and leads to only somewhat increased winter Antarctic sea ice volume. The spatial resolution of the ICESat‐2 satellite mission provides a new opportunity to compare model outputs with observations of seasonal evolution of the ITD in the Arctic (ICESat‐2; 2018–2021). Comparisons highlight significant differences from the ITD modeled with both runs over this period, likely pointing to underlying issues contributing to the representation of average thickness.
Implementation of Two Developmental Screening Programs in Sickle Cell Disease Specialty Care
Authors: Schlenz Alyssa M. , Schatz Jeffrey 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Developmental screening is a critical component of care for children with sickle cell disease (SCD), who are at elevated risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. This report describes the implementation of two related developmental screening programs implemented in different SCD specialty care settings with the purpose of describing screening protocols, outcomes, and lessons learned. Methods: Program 1 reviewed medical records for 201 children with SCD screened at ages 2 and 4 years. Program 2 reviewed program tracking and visit notes for 155 screenings across 67 children screened between 9 and 66 months of age. Key outcomes included characteristics of children screened, screening results, concordance between parent concerns and screening outcomes, and access to evaluation and intervention services. Results: Each program identified a substantial number of children with developmental concerns, including 42% of screenings in Program 1 and 36% of unique children screened in Program 2. Program 1 resulted in 56% of identified children receiving follow-up developmental services and 62% receiving developmental monitoring. Program 2 resulted in 58% of identified children receiving further evaluation following developmental screening, with 67–75% of children with neurodevelopmental diagnoses receiving intervention services following evaluation. While parent concerns were related to screening outcomes, screening instruments detected many children whose parents did not express developmental concerns. Conclusions: Routine developmental screening is a feasible, acceptable, and effective method for identifying concerns in children with SCD in specialty care. Flexible and collaborative care and sustainability are key considerations for effective programming, with pediatric psychologists uniquely positioned to provide optimal integrated care. Implications for Impact Statement Children with sickle cell disease are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and benefit from early, high-quality identification and support for these concerns. Routine developmental screening delivered by a psychologist in specialty sickle cell disease care is a feasible, acceptable, and sustainable approach for meeting these important needs.
Establishment of a humanized animal model of systemic sclerosis in which T helper-17 cells from patients with systemic sclerosis infiltrate and cause fibrosis in the lungs and skin
Authors: Park Min-Jung , Park Youngjae , Choi Jeong Won , Baek Jin-Ah , Jeong Ha Yeon , Na Hyun Sik , Moon Young-Mee , Cho Mi-La , Park Sung-Hwan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, microangiopathy, and progressive fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. To evaluate the pathophysiologic mechanisms and efficacies of potential therapeutics for SSc, a preclinical model recapitulating the disease phenotypes is needed. Here, we introduce a novel animal model for SSc using immunodeficient mice injected with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SSc patients. Human PBMCs acquired from SSc patients and healthy controls were transferred into NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl (NSG) mice with concurrent bleomycin injection. Blood, skin, and lung tissues were acquired and analyzed after PBMC engraftment. In addition, we investigated whether the humanized murine model could be used to assess the efficacy of potential therapeutics for SSc. Human PBMCs from SSc patients and healthy controls were engrafted into the blood, skin, and lung tissues of NSG mice. Histological analysis of affected tissues from mice treated with SSc PBMCs (SSc hu-mice) demonstrated substantial inflammation, fibrosis and vasculopathy with human immune cell infiltration and increased expression of IL-17, TGF-β, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL9. The proportions of circulating and tissue-infiltrating T helper 17 (Th17) cells were elevated in SSc hu-mice. These cells showed increased expression of CXCR3 and phosphorylated STAT3. SSc hu-mice treated with rebamipide and other potential Th17-cell-modulating drugs presented significantly reduced tissue fibrosis. Mice injected with patient-derived PBMCs show promise as an animal model of SSc.