bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the time of last drinking from blood ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate concentrations
Authors: Wang Lele , Zhang Wei , Wang Ruilong , Guang Yongli , Zhang Daming , Zhang Chao , Hu Meng , Wei Zhiwen , Zhang Wenfang , Yun Keming , Guo Zhongyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe determination of length of time from the last drinking is critical for cases like drunk driving, sexual assault victims, and also postmortem suspected poisoning cases. The study was aimed to established a method of estimating the time of last drinking through the pharmacokinetic study of conjugation metabolites of alcohol in blood after a single oral dose. Twenty-six volunteers (14 males) consumed alcohol with food at a fixed dose of 0.72 g/kg after fasting for 12 h. Five milliliters of blood were collected 120 h after the start of drinking, and all samples were analyzed with headspace-gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The time point of last drinking was estimated through the relationship between the concentration ratio of ethyl glucuronide to ethyl sulphate and the length of time after drinking. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by a pharmacokinetic software DAS according to the non-compartment model. A good correlation model was obtained from the relationship between concentration ratio of ethyl glucuronide to ethyl sulphate in blood and the time of alcohol use, and the margin of error was mostly lower than 10%. The time of maximum concentration, maximum concentration, and elimination half-life of ethyl glucuronide in blood were 4.12 ± 1.07 h, 0.31 ± 0.11 mg/L and 2.56 ± 0.89 h; the time of maximum concentration, maximum concentration, and elimination half-life of ethyl sulphate in blood were 3.02 ± 0.70 h, 0.17 ± 0.04 mg/L, and 2.04 ± 0.76 h. The study established a potential method to estimate the length of time after a moderate oral dose, and provided pharmacokinetic parameters of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate in Chinese population.
Alpinumisoflavone ameliorates choroidal neovascularisation and fibrosis in age-related macular degeneration in in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Yu Eunhye , Song Yunjeong , Gu Sun Mi , Jo Yang Hee , Yeon Sang Won , Han Kyu Jin , Lee Mi Kyeong , Min Jung Kee , Yun Jaesuk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss in the elderly population. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody therapy is applicable to neovascularisation of AMD; however, the prevention of fibrosis after anti-VEGF monotherapy is an unmet medical need. Subretinal fibrosis causes vision loss in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) even with anti-VEGF therapy. We report the anti-fibrotic and anti-neovascularisation effects of alpinumisoflavone (AIF), an isoflavonoid derived from unripe Maclura tricuspidata fruit, in in vitro and in vivo models. For in vitro study, we treated H2O2 or THP-1 conditioned media (TCM) following activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) was induced by laser photocoagulation in mice, immediately followed by intravitreal administration of 25 μg AIF. CNV area and fibrosis were measured 7 days after laser photocoagulation. AIF showed anti-fibrosis and anti-neovascularisation effects in both the models. The laser induced CNV area was reduced upon AIF administration in nAMD mouse model. Additionally, AIF decreased the levels of the cleaved form of crystallin alpha B (CRYAB), a chaperone associated with VEGF stabilisation and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate a novel therapeutic application of AIF against neovascularisation and fibrosis in nAMD.
Non-stationary time-varying vehicular channel characteristics for different roadside scattering environments
Authors: Li Changzhen , Chen Wei , Pei Zhonghui , Chang Fuxing , Yu Junyi , Luo Fan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the deep integration of wireless communication technology and automobile industry, vehicular communication has become one of the key technologies supporting the development of Internet-of-vehicle. Due to the high-speed mobility of vehicles and the rapid change of the propagation environments, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) wireless communication channels are generally non-stationary. Meanwhile, the variability of V2V channel characteristics is obvious in different scattering environments. Focusing on these research points, this paper presents the analysis and comparison of V2V channel characteristics for different scattering scenarios based on a series of 5.9 GHz channel measurements. The measurement data are collected from the iron bridge, the soundproof wall, and the road lamp scenarios. The stationary time and frequency are investigated on the basis of method of local scattering functions. The classical channel characteristics, including power delay profile, Ricean K-factor, root means square (RMS) delay spread and RMS Doppler spread are extracted following the propagation principle. Furthermore, considering the source and birth-death process of multi-path components (MPCs) in different scattering propagation environments, cluster identification and statistical results are presented and compared. The different values of the channel parameters and the different performance of the channel under different scattering environments can help us understand the V2V channel deeply. The research results can be used for the design and optimization of vehicular communication systems in different scattering environments.
The effect of influenza vaccine in reducing the severity of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Almadhoon Hossam Waleed , Hamdallah Aboalmagd , Elsayed Sarah Makram , Hagrass Abdulrahman Ibrahim , Hasan Mohammed Tarek , Fayoud Aya Mamdouh , Al-kafarna Mohammed , Elbahnasawy Mohammad , Alqatati Fadel , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Zaazouee Mohamed Sayed , Hasabo Elfatih A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that vaccination against influenza may reduce the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. This study looked at the link between influenza vaccination and the severity of COVID-19 infection. We searched five databases until August 2021. We included studies that reported the relationship between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 outcomes. We pooled the data as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), the data pooled using fixed and random effects models according to the heterogeneity of results. Sixteen observational studies with 191,496 COVID-19 patients were included. In terms of mechanical ventilation, our analysis showed a significant favor for the influenza vaccinated group over the non-vaccinated group (RR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.54, 0.96], P = 0.03). However, the analysis indicated no statistically significant differences between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in the term of mortality rate (RR = 1.20, 95% CI [0.71, 2.04], P = 0.50), hospital admissions (RR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.84, 1.29], P = 0.75), intensive care admissions (RR = 0.84, 95% CI [0.44, 1.62], P = 0.60). There were no significant differences between those who had received the influenza vaccine and those who had not in COVID-19 clinical outcomes, except for mechanical ventilation which showed a significantly lower risk in the influenza vaccinated group compared to the non-vaccinated one. However, future research is encouraged as our data have limitations, and the influenza vaccine is regularly updated. Also, this does not exclude the importance of the influenza vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Birth related parameters are important contributors in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Banerjee Nilanjana , Adak Pallabi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders is a group of childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorders affecting millions of children across the globe. Characterised by age inappropriate lack of reciprocal social interaction, repetitive behaviours and deficits in communication skills, it has been found to have genetic, epigenetic and environmental contributions. In this work, we wanted to identify the effects of birth related parameters on the disease pathogenesis in an exposed population of West Bengal, India. We have considered age of both parents at birth, difference in parental age, familial history of mental illness, delay in developmental-milestones, birth-weight, birth-order, birth-term, mode of delivery and gestational complications as contributors. We found the parental age and their age difference to be the most important contributors towards ASD in this population. Birth order, sex of the probands, complications during gestation, birth weight, family history of mental illness and birth history also contributed to the condition, although to a lesser extent. Since such types of data are lacking in Indian population, this report adds useful information to the relevant field.
Relationship between lipid accumulation product and oxidative biomarkers by gender in adults from Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Lugo Roberto , Avila-Nava Azalia , Pech-Aguilar Alfredo Geovanny , Medina-Vera Isabel , Guevara-Cruz Martha , Gutiérrez Solis Ana Ligia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExcessive adipose tissue can lead to metabolic abnormalities resulting in lipid alteration and oxidative stress (OS) status. The lipid accumulation product (LAP) index is a biomarker that indicates central lipid accumulation and has been proposed as an accurate and independent indicator of risk for several cardiometabolic related conditions. There is a lack of information about the possible association of LAP and OS biomarkers. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the relationship between LAP and OS biomarkers in adults. A cross-sectional study was performed in 250 subjects attending the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán. Anthropometrical and clinical parameters were measured. The serum oxidative biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated by spectrophotometry and by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), respectively. A positive and significant correlation between serum levels of MDA and LAP (r = 0.162, p = 0.010) was observed. This relationship was stronger in women (r = 0.189, p = 0.013) than in men. The association between them remained significant after adjusting for confounders (r = 0.23, p < 0.001). A cutoff of LAP of 73.73 predicts high levels of MDA in women aged between 40 and 59. LAP index was associated with OS biomarkers in women and men from Yucatan, Mexico. Therefore, the elevation of the LAP index could identify an imbalance in the redox status.
Study on image data cleaning method of early esophageal cancer based on VGG_NIN neural network
Authors: Li Zhengwen , Wu Runmin , Gan Tao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to clean the mislabeled images in the esophageal endoscopy image data set, we designed a new neural network VGG_NIN. Based on the new neural network structure, we developed a method to clean the mislabeled images in the esophageal endoscopy image data set. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we designed two experiments using 3835 esophageal endoscopy images provided by West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The experimental results showed that the proposed method could clean about 93% of the mislabeled images in the data set, which was the first time in the cleaning of esophageal endoscopy image data set. Finally, in order to verify the generalization ability of this method, we cleaned the Kaggle open cat and dog data set, and cleaned out about 167 mislabeled images. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively screen the mislabeled images in the esophageal endoscopy image data set and has good generalization ability, which can provide great help for the development of high-performance gastrointestinal endoscopy image analysis model.
Dental biorhythm is associated with adolescent weight gain
Authors: Mahoney Patrick , McFarlane Gina , Loch Carolina , White Sophie , Floyd Bruce , Dunn Erin C. , Pitfield Rosie , Nava Alessia , Guatelli-Steinberg Debbie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence of a long-period biological rhythm present in mammalian hard tissue relates to species average body mass. Studies have just begun to investigate the role of this biorhythm in human physiology.

Methods
The biorhythm is calculated from naturally exfoliated primary molars for 61 adolescents. We determine if the timing relates to longitudinal measures of their weight, height, lower leg length and body mass collected over 14 months between September 2019 to October 2020. We use univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to isolate and identify relationships with the biorhythm.

Results
Participants with a faster biorhythm typically weigh less each month and gain significantly less weight and mass over 14-months, relative to those with a slower biorhythm. The biorhythm relates to sex differences in weight gain.

Conclusions
We identify a previously unknown factor that associates with the rapid change in body size that accompanies human adolescence. Our findings provide a basis from which to explore novel relationships between the biorhythm and weight-related health risks.
Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction
Authors: Jiang Yuxiang , Moubayidin Laila 
Published: August 2022

The flower is an astonishing innovation that arose during plant evolution allowing flowering plants — also known as angiosperms — to dominate life on earth in a relatively short period of geological time. Flowers are formed from secondary meristems by co-ordinated differentiation of flower organs, such as sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. The position, number and morphology of these flower organs impose a geometrical pattern — or symmetry type — within the flower which is a trait tightly connected to successful reproduction.
During evolution, flower symmetry switched from the ancestral poly-symmetric (radial symmetry) to the mono-symmetric (bilateral symmetry) type multiple times, including numerous reversals, with these events linked to co-evolution with pollinators and reproductive strategies.
In this review, we introduce the diversity of flower symmetry, trace its evolution in angiosperms, and highlight the conserved genetic basis underpinning symmetry control in flowers. Finally, we discuss the importance of building upon the concept of flower symmetry by looking at the mechanisms orchestrating symmetry within individual flower organs and summarise the current scenario on symmetry patterning of the female reproductive organ, the gynoecium, the ultimate flower structure presiding over fertilisation and seed production.
Day‐ahead optimal dispatching of hybrid power system based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Shi Yakun , Mu Chaoxu , Hao Yi , Ma Shiqian , Xu Na , Chong Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe problem of optimal dispatching of a power system containing a high proportion of renewable energy is of great significance for the realisation of new energy consumption and the economic and reliable operation of the power system. For the solution of non‐linear, non‐convex, multi‐objective problems for the optimal operation design of a power system with wind and photovoltaic access, traditional methods have difficulties in terms of computational real‐time and iterative convergence. To address this issue, a deep reinforcement learning‐based optimal scheduling method for the hybrid power system is proposed, which enables continuous action control to obtain an optimal scheduling strategy through the interaction between the agent and the hybrid power system. Firstly, a mathematical description of the optimal scheduling problem containing wind power and photovoltaic power system is presented, and the state space, action space, and reward function of the agent are designed. Secondly, the basic framework of the deep reinforcement learning optimal scheduling model is constructed, and the basic principles of the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm are introduced. Finally, the effectiveness of the deep reinforcement learning model for day‐ahead optimal scheduling of the hybrid power system is verified by means of an arithmetic analysis of the modified New England 39‐bus system.
Cognitive excursion analysis of uncertainty concepts based on cloud model
Authors: Lin Xu C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on the characteristics of human cognition and the cloud model, the excursion of uncertain concepts by the similarity between uncertain concepts from the perspective of conceptual cognition is studied. Firstly, considering the different meanings of the numerical characters in cloud concept, the properties of cloud concepts similarity are given. Furthermore, in order to reflect the various similarities that may exist in uncertain concept, five similarities between cloud concepts are constructed, specifically include the similarity between concept expectations, the similarity between concept entropy, the similarity between concept hyper entropy, the shape similarity and the overall similarity. Secondly, the rationality of these proposed similarity measurements is illustrated by comparing with the existing methods through the specific data analysis. Finally, two cognitive experiments, including concept cognitive processes without prior knowledge and concept cognitive processes with prior knowledge (including positive prior knowledge and negative prior knowledge), are designed. These experiments are all used to study the excursion in the process of concept cognition by the similarity of cloud concepts. The experiment results show that the proposed similarities are reasonable by comparing the proposed method with the existing ones, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified by the excursion of concept cognition.
Optimal design of q‐axis field winding structure of dual‐excited synchronous condenser
Authors: Xu Guorui , Li Ruizhi , Luo Chaolong , Zhao Haisen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dual‐excited synchronous condenser (DESC) has two field windings whose axes are located at direct and quadrature axes respectively. The DESC has more capacity of absorbing reactive power than that of the traditional synchronous condenser (TSC). However, the q‐axis field winding distributed on the d‐axis magnetic pole surface can decrease the magnetic circuit area of the rotor core of DESC, thus it may result in the increase of the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the magnetic field and the oversaturation of the rotor magnetic circuit. In order to obtain better electromagnetic characteristics of DESC, a q‐axis field winding structure is proposed by optimising the number of slots, slot pitch and slot dimensions. The influences of the number and pitch of slot in q‐axis on the air‐gap radial flux density and THD of DESC are studied under the d‐, q‐ and dual‐axis excitation modes. The dimensions of the q‐axis slots are optimised by combining the time‐stepping finite element method and Taguchi method, and the optimal structure of q‐axis field winding is obtained. A 10‐kVar DESC is developed to verify the simulation results. This study provides theoretical basis for the design and manufacture of the DESC.
Simultaneous generation and network expansion planning in large‐scale power systems under exact AC power flow equations
Authors: Mahmoudi Sanaz , Alizadeh Behnam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article presents a novel three‐step structure for simultaneous generation and network expansion planning under the exact AC power flow equations. This tractable structure allows for detailed investment decisions on new generation and network facilities. In the first step of the proposed coordinated planning framework, a power system is partitioned into regions based on electrical and geographical distances. Network aggregation in the first step is achieved by a new linear clustering model ameliorating both computational efficiency and accuracy. In the second step, the aggregated power system with a specific number of regions is cost‐effectively expanded on a regional basis considering inter‐regional power flows. In the third step, new generation and network facilities imposed by the second step of the proposed coordinated planning framework are allocated in each region. Moreover, intra‐regional systems are cost‐effectively expanded by new transmission lines and transformers. The proposed approach is implemented on IEEE 30‐bus, 39‐bus, 300‐bus, and 1,354‐bus test systems. The simulation results illustrate its high advantages from accuracy, practicality, and tractability points of view.
Voltage division investigation of series short‐circuit fault on SiC MOSFETs and Si IGBTs
Authors: Jingwei Zhang , Qiang Wang , Weifeng Zhang , Guojun Tan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn power electronic systems, when a power device turns on by mistake, there would be at least two devices in the short‐circuit (SC) current loop, forming series short‐circuit (SSC) fault. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of SiC MOSFETs, Si IGBTs in SSC are investigated based on the half‐bridge circuit. The effect laws of load current and junction temperature to voltage division in SSC are discussed. Taking a three‐level (3‐L) active neutral point clamped (ANPC) topology based on hybrid utilization of Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET as the research object, the SSC performance is investigated. The theoretical and experimental results show that, in the process of SSC, the voltage division features of SiC MOSFETs and Si IGBTs are different and highly sensitive to circuit parameters. When both SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT are in the SC current loop, the device with a lower saturation current level limits the short circuit current and bears most of the dc‐bus voltage. Moreover, in the Si/SiC hybrid 3‐L ANPC topology, if the saturation current of selected SiC MOSFETs is higher than that of Si IGBTs, the SC withstanding level of SiC MOSFETs could be improved, thereby reducing the SC protection circuit requirements.