bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between changes in social capital and mental well-being among older people in China
Authors: Wang Huihui , Zhang Jingni , Yu Zhenfan , Hu Naifan , Du Yurun , He Xiaoxue , Pan Degong , Pu Lining , Zhang Xue , Li Jiangping 
Published: August 2022

Background
The mental well-being of older people has become social concern under aging times in China. Social capital has been linked to mental well-being. Our aims were to explore how social capital and the state of mental well-being of older people were changing and what the relationship between them was.

Methods
Data were from six waves of the China Family Panel Studies that were conducted between 2010 and 2020, and a total of 1,055 participants aged 60 and over were included in the analysis. The Generalized Estimated Equation model (GEE) was used to clarify the long-term relationship, and to use GEE we first defined how time points were related, in other words, an appropriate working correlation structure was supposed to choose. Therefore, correlation coefficient between measurements at two time points was calculated to choose the exchange structure. All the analyses were performed in the statistical software Stata 15.0.

Results
The mental well-being of older people has deteriorated over time, especially we found that between 2014 and 2016, the mental well-being of older people plummeted. In addition, cognitive social capital was positively correlated with mental well-being, while structural social capital was inverse.

Conclusions
Policymakers are supposed to take into account the long-term impact of cognitive and structural social capital on the mental well-being of older people and to provide them with projects aimed at increasing cognitive social capital and turning the pressure of structural social capital into a source of happiness in life.
Microbial Assessment of Slaughter Slabs at the Central Slaughterhouse of Ado Ekiti
Authors: Arire E. O. , Sulaimon A. O. , Samuel C. M. 
Published: August 2022

This study was aimed at assessing the presence of microbes in the selected slaughter slabs in other to inform the Animal scientists, Public health workers, Butchers and Meat vendors to know the risk pose to human health with contaminated meat.
A total of 50 sterile swab sticks were used to collect the samples from five abattoir slaughter slabs surfaces in Ado-Ekiti central abattoir with ten swab samples from each slaughter slab. After collection the samples were immediately transported to laboratory for microbiological studies. Trypticase-soya-agar (TSA) was used as medium for the samples, while chloramphenicol was used in replacement to trophic bacteria and Sabouraud-glucosea-gar (SGA) for fungi. The incubation of Petri dishes were set at 37ºC for 48 – 72hrs while daily observation of the cultures were carried out with the use of stereoscopic microscope for the presence of fungal mycelium and or bacterial colonies. The results revealed that bacterial count mean value was 1.83 × 105 CFU/ml and fungal count mean value was 0.59 × 105 CFU/ml. A total of eight strains of bacteria comprises of gram positive and gram negative bacteria from all the samples were isolated, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest percentage of occurrences (33%), followed by Escherichia coli (26%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%), while other prevalence bacteria have 5% each. In the fungi samples, isolation of four strains were carried out, from all the total fungal count, Aspergillus flavus had the highest number of occurrence with approximately 40%, Penicillium spp had 28%, and 8% occurrence for the lowest fungal count. It is shown in the study that the meat has higher contamination potential from the slaughter slab surfaces. With the result shown, contamination rate could be attributed to poor sanitation level, and proper measure and attention was not given to hygienic practices in the Central abattoir in Ado Ekiti. This then called for butchers education on the importance of practicing good hygiene, handling of meat with modern techniques and encouragement of good sanitation in the abattoirs.
Standardization of Optimum Stage for Grafting in Moringa [Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)]
Authors: Viviana P. , Sumathi T. , Pugalendhi L. , Djanaguiraman M. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This research was carried out to standardize the suitable size and optimum stage for grafting of annual moringa scion cv. PKM 1 on perennial moringa rootstock based on the physical parameters of both rootstock and scion.
Study Design: The study was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out TNAU Orchard of Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2021-2022.
Methodology: Here the perennial rootstock used was Moolanur moringa (MO 1) and the annual scion was PKM 1. The physical parameters were recorded after 14 and 21 days after grafting. The biochemical parameters were estimated with respective procedures and instruments.
Results: It can be concluded that the performance of the grafts of annual moringa cv. PKM 1 scion on Moolanur 1 perennial moringa rootstock with 0.51 cm diameter attained at 40 days after germination was superior with regard to yield and quality parameters when compared with the rootstock and scion individually.
Conclusion: Perennial moringa ecotype Moolanur moringa (MO 1) at 40 days after germination with a thickness of 0.51 cm is the best rootstock stage for successful grafting with annual moringa scion var. PKM 1. The study will be continued to assess the field performance of the grafted plants.
Efficacy of the Plant Extracts as Grain Protectants against Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae on Stored Wheat Grains
Authors: Kumar Matam Reddi Sunil , Tayde Anoorag R. , Warghat Anand N. 
Published: August 2022

The present investigation were conducted at department of Entomology SHUATS, Prayagraj during 2021-2022 using completely randomized design with three replications and treatments neem leaf powder, turmeric rhizome powder, clove powder, pepper powder, mustard oil, soybean oil and groundnut oil. Among the selected oils and botanicals treated to wheat grains, mustard oil and soybean oil were found to be highly effective in increasing adult mortality (100 %) and reducing the per cent weight loss (0.00%) in stored wheat grains. Turmeric rhizome powder was found to be least effective among all the treatments. The maximum germination percentage, vigour index 1 and vigour index 2 was observed in grains treated with mustard oil (90%, 2250.00, 123.00) respectively on wheat grains. Turmeric rhizome powder was found to be least effective among all the treatments.
Contraceptive use among Students of a Health Training institution in the North-east Region of Ghana
Authors: Dzantor Edem Kojo , Serwaa Abigail , Mahama Abidatu , Ayangba Valentine , Agyeman Yaa Nyarko , Kukeba Margaret Wekem , Abdul-Karim Huzematu , Donkor Doreen Remember , Adokiya Martin Nyaaba 
Published: August 2022

Background: Despite contraceptive awareness and availability to the general population, including higher education institutions, unplanned pregnancies continue to increase.
Aim: The study assessed contraceptive usage among female health students in the North-East Region, Ghana.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional studydesign was used to assess contraceptive use among 143 female health students. The data was collected using an online survey, analysed descriptively, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The age ranged from 18 and 36 years, with a mean age of 23.7 (Sd±2.82) years, and the majority (69.9%) were in the 21-25 years age category. The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 17.8 (Sd ±5.65) years. The overall prevalence of contraceptive use was 59.0% with ever and current users being 47.6% and 35.,7% respectively. The male condom was a commonly used contraceptive (53.6%). Using the Chi-square test, we found significant differences between current contraceptive use and age at first sexual intercourse (X2=15.42, p=0.009), protection during first sexual intercourse (X2=7.30, p=0.026), current relationship status (X2=15.12, p<0.001), and multiple sexual partners (X2=10.25, p=0.001). Being in a sexual relationship (OR=4.49, 95%CI: 1.61, 12.50, p=0.004) was positively associated with current contraceptive use. Prevention of unwanted pregnancy/birth was the common reason for contraceptive use, with fear of perceived side effects as the reason for non-use of contraceptives.
Conclusion: Overall, the study found high contraceptive use with significant discontinuation among ever and current users. There is a need for public health education and promotion programmes to increase the acceptance and use of contraceptives among the study population and the public.
Role of Some Apoptotic Proteins in Pathogenesis of Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erytheromatosis and Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Hanna Anne Albir Aziz , Abdelnabi Hend Hassan , Kholoussi Naglaa Mohamed , Hana Nagy Mohamed Abu El 
Published: August 2022

Background: Apoptosis is increased in Systemic Lupus Erytheromatosis (SLE) patients with defective clearance of apoptotic cells, which lead to a pathological accumulation of abnormal cell debris and provide an autoimmune reaction. The aim of this work was to evaluate apoptosis and CD4/CD8 ratio in juvenile SLE patients and their relation to disease activity and lupus nephritis (LN).
Methods: This case-control study included 50 patients with jSLE divided into two groups according to SLEDAI score and twenty-five healthy children of matched age and sex as controls. All cases were subjected to detection of apoptosis, in the early stage through investigation of Annexin V and CD4/CD8 ratio through CD4 and CD8 T cells monoclonal antibody using the BD Accuri™ C6 Flow Cytometer Instrument.
Results: early apoptosis has statistically significant increase in the jSLE patients compared to controls with positive correlation to disease activity and no correlation to LN. (active group 20.77± 7.88, inactive group13± 6.8 and controls3.53± 1.26). CD4/CD8 ratio has significant decrease in patients compared to controls with inversed correlation to disease activity and no correlation to LN. (active group1.28 ± 0.51, inactive group1.6 ± 00.6 and controls 2.1 ± 0.6.
Conclusions: Apoptosis is high in jSLE patients with low CD4/CD8 ratio which related to disease activity, but not related to LN.
Editorial
Authors: Rockel Jenny , Riley Robin , Coates Tony , Hubbard Peter 
Published: August 2022

In the years since 1995 when the first issue of this Journal appeared, its purposes have been elaborated with increasing clarity. It came into being in response to members' recognition of the need for a medium:

located within Aotearoa New Zealand,

to encourage the expression of professional creativity and reflection,

to provide a forum within which members could make their work, and the thinking that underlies it, visible to one another,

to stimulate dialogue and debate and

to hold with respect the diversity of views contained within the association.
This fifth issue addresses each of these purposes. We follow the established custom of offering in printed form papers presented at this year's conference in Dunedin, whose theme was The Unconscious: The Real McCoy of Psychotherapy? Keynote papers by Brian Broom, Joan Dalloway, Sean Manning and Richard O'Neill-Dean take a variety of bearings on this theme. We are also pleased to include papers by Gill Caradoc-Davies, Betty Robb and Carol Worthington, who missed the opportunity to put their papers before participants as a result of the format and dynamic of conference, and from Philip Culbertson, Tony Coates and Jerri Bassi.
Clavulanic Acid Degradation in Streptomyces clavuligerus Fed‐Batch Cultivations
Authors: Roubos Johannes A. , Krabben Preben , Laat Wim T. A. M. de , Babuška Robert , Heijnen Joseph J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractClavulanic acid (CA) is an important antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. CA is unstable and product degradation has turned out to have a major impact on product titers in fed‐batch cultivations. Three different types of experiments have been used to elucidate CA degradation under fed‐batch cultivation conditions. First, the influence of individual medium compounds was examined. Second, degradation was monitored during the exponential growth phase in batch cultivations. Third, CA degradation was studied in the supernatant of samples taken during a fed‐batch. In addition, data from six fed‐batch cultivations were studied to derive information about CA degradation during the production phase. These cultivations were based on a mineral medium, containing glycerol, glutamate, ammonium, and phosphate as the main nutrients. The ammonium concentration had a large influence on the degradation rate constant. In addition, either changes in the substrate availability or high concentrations of ammonium or glycerol cause a major increase in the degradation rate constant. Finally, a linear and a fuzzy logic model were made to predict CA degradation rates in these fed‐batches.
Substrate recognition by three family 13 yeast α‐glucosidases
Authors: Frandsen Torben P. , Palcic Monica M. , Svensson Birte 
Published: July 2002

Important hydrogen bonding interactions between substrate OH‐groups in yeast α‐glucosidases and oligo‐1,6‐glucosidase from glycoside hydrolase family 13 have been identified by measuring the rates of hydrolysis of methyl α‐isomaltoside and its seven monodeoxygenated analogs. The transition‐state stabilization energy, ΔΔG‡, contributed by the individual OH‐groups was calculated from the activities for	the parent and the deoxy analogs, respectively, according	to ΔΔG‡ = –RT ln[(Vmax/Km)analog/(Vmax/Km)parent]. This analysis of the energetics gave ΔΔG‡ values for all three enzymes ranging from 16.1 to 24.0 kJ·mol−1 for OH‐2′, ‐3′, ‐4′, and ‐6′, i.e. the OH‐groups of the nonreducing sugar ring. These OH‐groups interact with enzyme via charged hydrogen bonds. In contrast, OH‐2 and ‐3 of the reducing sugar contribute to transition‐state stabilization, by 5.8 and 4.1 kJ·mol−1, respectively, suggesting that these groups participate in neutral hydrogen bonds. The OH‐4 group is found to be unimportant in this respect and very little or no contribution is indicated for all OH‐groups of the reducing‐end ring of the two α‐glucosidases, probably reflecting their exposure to bulk solvent. The stereochemical course of hydrolysis by these three members of the retaining family 13 was confirmed by directly monitoring isomaltose hydrolysis using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis of methyl 6‐S‐ethyl‐α‐isomaltoside and its 6‐R‐diastereoisomer indicates that α‐glucosidase has 200‐fold higher specificity for the S‐isomer. Substrate molecular recognition by these α‐glucosidases are compared to earlier findings for the inverting, exo‐acting glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger and a retaining α‐glucosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 31, respectively.
Reduction of the pituitary GH releasable pool in short children with GH neurosecretory dysfunction
Authors: Aimaretti G. , Bellone S. , Bellone J. , Chiabotto P. , Baffoni C. , Corneli G. , Origlia C. , de Sanctis C. , Camanni F. , Ghigo E. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOBJECTIVES The classical ‘GH neurosecretory dysfunction’ (GHNSD) refers to slowly growing children with normal GH responses to classical provocative tests but impaired spontaneous GH secretion over 24 h frequently leading to low IGF‐I levels. Thus it has been assumed that these subjects have insufficiency of spontaneous GH secretion due to neuroendocrine abnormalities in spite of a normal releasable pool of GH. However, classical provocative tests do not reliably assess the maximal somatotroph capacity; thus it is still unclear if the GH pool is really preserved or not. GHRH + arginine test is more potent than the classical tests and evaluates the maximal secretory capacity of somatotroph cells. The GH response to this stimulus is reproducible and also independent of age and puberty.DESIGN AND PATIENTS We studied the GH response to GHRH (1 μg/kg iv) + arginine (ARG, 0·5 g/kg iv) in 19 short children with GHNSD (14 boys and 5 girls, age: 12·1 ± 0·7 years, pubertal stages I‐III, HV‐SDS between 1·6 and −4·9; GH peak > 10 μg/l after classical stimuli but mean GH concentration (mGHc) < 3 μg/l). The results in GHNSD were compared with those in 38 short children with idiopathic or organic severe GHD (GHD, 29 boys and 9 girls, age: 11·2 ± 0·6 years., pubertal stages I‐III, HV‐SDS between −1·8 and −4·4; GH peak < 10 μg/l after 2 classical provocative tests) and in 83 children with normal or familial short stature (NC, 59 boys and 24 girls, age: 11·5 ± 0·3 years., pubertal stages I‐III; HV‐SDS > 25th centile, normal IGF‐I levels).RESULTS Mean IGF‐I levels in GHNSD (121·9 ± 20·3 μg/l) were lower (P < 0·001) than those in NC (270·3 ± 13·8 μg/l) but higher (P < 0·001) than those in GHD (72·0 ± 4·0 μg/l). The mean GH concentration (mGHc) in GHNSD (2·1 ± 0·1 μg/l) was lower (P < 0·01) than that in NC (4·9 ± 0·5 μg/l) but higher (P < 0·01) than that in GHD (1·5 ± 0·2 μg/l). On the other hand, the mean peak GH response to GHRH +ARG in GHNSD (43·7 ± 3·7μg/l) was markedly higher (P < 0·001) than that in GHD (8·2 ± 0·9 μg/l) but significantly lower (P < 0·01) than that in NC (60·4 ± 2·7 μg/l). All GHD patients had peak GH responses to GHRH +ARG below the 3rd centile limit of normality (20 μg/l), while all GHNSD patients had peak GH responses within the normal range. No significant correlation was found between GH peak after GHRH +ARG, mGHc and IGF‐I levels in each group.CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that short children with ‘GH neurosecretory dysfunction’ show reduction in the GH releasable pool evaluated by the provocative and potent GHRH + arginine test. However, the peak GH response to a single GHRH + arginine test in GH neurosecretory dysfunction is always within the normal range indicating that this test as well as classical stimuli does not distinguish normal subjects from GH neurosecretory dysfunction.
Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): comparison of NPP to climate and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Authors: Schloss A. L. , Kicklighter D. W. , Kaduk J. , Wittenberg U. , Intercomparison ThE. Participants OF. ThE. Potsdam NpP. Model 
Published: July 2002

SummaryTo analyse the broad‐scale behaviour of 15 global models of the terrestrial biosphere, we evaluated the sensitivity of simulated net primary productivity (NPP) to spatial and seasonal variations in precipitation, temperature and solar radiation, and to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). For annual NPP estimates, the models’ sensitivities to climate were the most similar in regions where NPP was not limited by precipitation. The largest differences in sensitivities occurred in regions where NPP was limited by both temperature and precipitation. Water use efficiencies within the models were relatively constant across latitudes so that higher correlations occurred between the latitudinal distribution of NPP and precipitation than with the other climate variables. The sensitivities of NPP estimates to solar radiation varied considerably with latitude. The largest differences in temperature sensitivity among NPP estimates occurred in the northern latitudes (50°N–70°N), i.e. the zone with the shortest active growing seasons. The sensitivity of NPP estimates to climate also varied seasonally. At the beginning and end of the active growing season in the boreal zone, monthly NPP estimates of all models were the most sensitive to temperature. In the tropics, sensitivities to climate varied widely among and within models. Seasonal changes in water balance and the structure of the vegetation canopy, as reflected by seasonal changes in NDVI, modified the sensitivity of NPP to climate in both boreal and tropical zones. Because these are both highly productive regions sensitive to climate change, continued investigations and better validation of models are necessary before we can fully understand and predict changes in ecosystem structure and function under various climatic conditions.
Subcortical neural circuits for ocular accommodation and vergence in primates
Authors: Gamlin Paul D.R. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOur current knowledge of the neural bases of vergence and accommodation has increased significantly over the past few years. The behavior of medial rectus motoneurons during vergence, which has been reported by a number of investigators, is described. The behavior of Edinger–Westphal neurons during accommodation is also described, as are the characteristics of midbrain near‐response neurons in the supraoculomotor area. Evidence that some of these near‐response neurons provide the vergence input to medial rectus motoneurons and possibly the accommodation input to Edinger–Westphal neurons is reviewed.Anatomical studies have shown that the midbrain near‐response region receives input from two deep cerebellar nuclei, the posterior interposed and the fastigial nucleus. Single‐unit recording in the posterior interposed nucleus has revealed cells that increase their activity during the far‐response, and the behavior of these neurons is reviewed. In addition, studies of a precerebellar nucleus, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, have revealed some cells that increase their activity during the near‐response and others that do so during the far‐response. The behavior of these neurons is reviewed.This review documents the great strides that are occurring in our understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the neural pathways controlling vergence and accommodation in the primate.
Comprehension of inferential meaning in language‐impaired and language normal children
Authors: Letts Carolyn , Leinonen Eeva 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThree groups of language‐normal (LN) 6, 8 and 16/17 year olds, and a group of language‐impaired (LI) children were given a task answering questions about pictures that involved inferential meaning. A developmental progression in the types of responses given is seen, with the LI children performing like the youngest LN children. A similar progression is seen in the ability to justify the answers given to inferential questions with the young adult group giving the fewest justifications that were problematical in some way. Larger numbers of problematical justifications in the LI group can be related to some extent to non‐pragmatic aspects of their impairment, but overall this group also gave more pragmatically irrelevant responses when asked to justify answers given. It was not possible to identify any major differences between subgroups of children within the LI group, identified as pragmatically impaired (PI) and non pragmatically impaired (NPI), in terms of either answers given to inferential questions or in terms of problematical justifications for these answers. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.