bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On electromagnetic head-surface digitization in MEG and EEG
Authors: Jaiswal Amit , Nenonen Jukka , Parkkonen Lauri 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) studies, the accuracy of the head digitization impacts the co-registration between MEG/EEG and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The co-registration accuracy in turn affects the spatial accuracy in neural source imaging. Precisely digitized head-surface (scalp) points do not only improve the co-registration but can also be used to deform a template MRI to create an individualized-template MRI that can be used for conductivity modeling in MEG/EEG source imaging if the individual’s structural MRI is unavailable. Although optical scanners have been introduced for digitization, especially for dense EEG electrode sets, electromagnetic tracking (EMT) systems (particularly Fastrak®, Polhemus Inc., Colchester, VT, USA) have been the most often applied solution for digitization in MEG and EEG acquisition. EMT systems may occasionally suffer from ambient electromagnetic interference which makes it challenging to achieve (sub-)millimeter digitization accuracy. The current study i) evaluated the performance of the Fastrak® EMT system under different conditions in MEG/EEG digitization, and ii) explores the usability of two alternative EMT systems (Aurora®, NDI, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Fastrak® with a short-range transmitter) for digitization. Tracking fluctuation, digitization accuracy, and robustness of the systems were evaluated in several test cases using test frames and human head models. The digitization performance of the two alternative systems was compared against the Fastrak® system. The results showed that the Fastrak® system is accurate and robust for MEG/EEG digitization if the recommended operating conditions are met. The Fastrak® with the short-range transmitter shows comparatively higher digitization error if digitization is not carried out very close to the transmitter. The study also evinces that the Aurora® system can be used for MEG/EEG digitization. Its real-time error estimation feature can potentially improve digitization accuracy, albeit some modifications would be required to make the system a practical and easy-to-use digitizer.
Rathke’s cleft cyst apoplexy in a boy was treated by endoscopic endonasal operation: case report
Authors: Guan Hongpeng , Zhang Ying , Wang Xuhui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rathke’s cleft cyst(RCC)apoplexy is a very uncommon lesion attributed to the abnormal vascular supply of RCC fragile epithelial wall. It is extremely rare in children and very difficult to diagnose without pathological confirmation. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy who presented with headache. His MRI and CT showed that there was a cystic mass in his sellar region. He underwent endoscopic endonasal operation and the cystic mass was resected completely via trans-sphenoidal approach. The lesion was confirmed as RCC apoplexy by intraoperative observation and histopathological examination. His headache was completely relieved after operation. The authors recommend applying the management strategy of pituitary adenoma apoplexy to RCC apoplexy in the view of that there is no standardized management guideline for RCC apoplexy so far.
Patients undergoing endocrine consultation and first diagnosis of nodular disease: Indications of thyroid ultrasound and completeness of ultrasound reports
Authors: Negro Roberto , Greco Gabriele 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate reasons for performing ultrasonography (US) and completeness of US reports in patients undergoing endocrine consultation with the first diagnosis of nodular disease.
Methods
Since January 1 to June 30, 2021, we prospectively collected patient data (age and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations), reasons for performing thyroid US, and completeness of reports regarding the description of the thyroid gland and nodules. In the case of multiple nodules, we considered the nodule suspected of malignancy and the largest one. To evaluate the accuracy of thyroid nodule description, we referred to the five characteristics suggested by the TIRADS system.
Results
A total of 341 patients with thyroid nodules received endocrine consultation (female, 78%). The most frequent reasons for performing thyroid US were unrelated to a suspected thyroid disease (31.7%), followed by incidentaloma (23.5%), dysfunction or positivity for thyroid antibodies (19.1%), symptomatic or visible nodules (17.6%), and family history (8.2%). Gland texture was not reported in 41.9%. The depth of the lobes was the dimension reported most frequently (42.2%), but the diameter was not reported in 57.8% of the cases. As regards the description of the most relevant nodule, length was reported more frequently (75.9%). Margins and echogenicity were more frequently described (54.5% and 44.3%, respectively) than other characteristics (composition, 27%; echogenic foci, 6.7%; shape, 0.6%). No reports had indicated the malignancy risk stratification.
Conclusions
The results of the study demonstrate that in patients undergoing endocrine consultation with first detected thyroid nodules, US was mostly performed in asymptomatic cases, US reports were incomplete, and no risk stratification system was reported.
Hi-C analysis of genomic contacts revealed karyotype abnormalities in chicken HD3 cell line
Authors: Maslova Antonina , Plotnikov Vladimir , Nuriddinov Miroslav , Gridina Maria , Fishman Veniamin , Krasikova Alla 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Karyotype abnormalities are frequent in immortalized continuous cell lines either transformed or derived from primary tumors. Chromosomal rearrangements can cause dramatic changes in gene expression and affect cellular phenotype and behavior during in vitro culture. Structural variations of chromosomes in many continuous mammalian cell lines are well documented, but chromosome aberrations in cell lines from other vertebrate models often remain understudied. The chicken LSCC-HD3 cell line (HD3), generated from erythroid precursors, was used as an avian model for erythroid differentiation and lineage-specific gene expression. However, karyotype abnormalities in HD3 cell line were not assessed. In the present study we apply high throughput chromosome conformation capture to analyze 3D genome organization and to detect chromosome rearrangements in HD3 cell line.
Results: We obtained Hi-C maps of genomic interactions for HD3 cell line and compared A/B compartments and topologically-associating domains between HD3 and several other cell types. By analysis of contact patterns in the Hi-C maps of HD3 cells we identified more than 25 interchromosomal translocations of regions ≥200 Kb on both micro- and macrochromosomes. We classified most of the observed translocations as unbalanced, leading to the formation of heteromorphic chromosomes. In many cases of microchromosome rearrangements, an entire microchromosome together with other macro- and microchromosomes participated in the emergence of a derivative chromosome, resembling “chromosomal fusions'' between acrocentric microchromosomes. Intrachromosomal inversions, deletions and duplications were also detected in HD3 cells. Several of the identified simple and complex chromosomal rearrangements, such as between GGA2 and GGA1qter, between GGA5, GGA4p and GGA7p, between GAA4q, GGA6 and GGA19 and duplication of the sex chromosome GGAW, were confirmed by FISH.
Conclusions: In the erythroid progenitor HD3 cell line, in contrast to mature and immature erythrocytes, genome is organized into distinct topologically-associating domains. The HD3 cell line has a severely rearranged karyotype with most of the chromosomes engaged in translocations and can be used in the studies of genome structure-function relationships. Hi-C proved to be a reliable tool for simultaneous assessment of the spatial genome organization and chromosomal aberrations in karyotypes of birds with a large number of microchromosomes.
Hybrid Model of Alternating Least Squares and Root Polynomial Technique for Color Correction
Authors: Babbar Geetanjali , Bajaj Rohit , MITTAL NITIN , MAHAJAN SHUBHAM , Zitar Raed Abu , Abualigah Laith 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Colour correction is an image-altering technique that modifies image color in such a way that it matches a reference image. Various researchers have already proposed many approaches. However, those models have been unable to reduce color errors between two images, which results in inefficiency and poor-quality images. This research paper presents an effective and improved color correction model wherein Alternate Least Square (ALS), and Root Polynomial (RP) are used together. The main objective of the proposed model is to reduce the error between a reference image and a target image to make it look realistic. The proposed model used the Amsterdam Library of Object Images (ALOI) to achieve this objective, which contains a picture of single objects captured under various illumination angles and colors. After this, a hybrid ALS + RP color correction technique is implemented on the dataset image that fixes its color for the reference image. The target image is then converted into three color models i.e., LAB, LUV, and RGB, into XYZ format. Finally, the color difference between a reference image and a target image is observed by calculating values for parameters like Mean, Median, 95% quantile, and maximum error. The effectiveness of the suggested hybrid color correction approach is assessed and validated in MATLAB software for each color model. Through extensive experiments, it is observed that the proposed hybrid model yields the least errors for the RGB color model. This is followed up by LUV and then LAB to prove its supremacy over other models.
Emergency Departments as Under-Utilized Venues to Provide HIV Prevention Services to Female Sex Workers in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Poxon Amanda , Leis Maria , McDermott Miranda , Kariri Antony , Kaul Rupert , Kimani Joshua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV and remain a key target population for efforts to reduce transmission. While HIV prevention tools such as PEP and PrEP are available through outpatient FSW clinics, these services are underused. Emergency medicine is a rapidly expanding field in Kenya and may provide a novel venue for initiating or optimizing HIV prevention services. This study examined the characteristics of FSW from Nairobi, Kenya who had utilized an Emergency Department
(ED) during the past year to broaden our understanding of the patient factors related to usage.
Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 220 Nairobi FSW attending dedicated clinics from June to July 2019. Participants were categorized into those who attended an ED over the past year (acute care users) and clinic-only users (control). A modified version of the WHO Violence Against Women Instrument assessed gender-based violence. Multivariable negative binomial logistic regressions evaluated predictors of health care use among these populations.
Results: Of the total 220 women (median [IQR] age 32 [27-39]), 101 and 116 were acute care and control populations, respectively. Acute care users had 12.7 +/- 8.5 healthcare visits over a 12-month period, and the control population had 9.1 +/- 7.0 (p<0.05). ED attendance did not improve PrEP usage, with 48.5%, and 51% of acute care and clinic users indicated appropriate PrEP use. Patient factors that correlated with health care utilization among acute care users included client sexual violence (OR 2.2 [1.64-2.94 ],p<0.01), PrEP use (OR 1.54 (1.25-1.91), <0.01), and client HIV status (OR 1.35 (1.02-1.69), p <0.01).
Conclusions:Many FSW at high risk for HIV were not accessing HIV prevention tools despite attending a dedicated FSW clinic offering such services. FSW who had attended an ED over the past year had a higher prevalence of HIV risk factors, demonstrating that emergency departments may be important acute intervention venues to prevent HIV transmission in this population. These results can guide policy design, health care provider training and facility preparedness to support strategies aimed at improving HIV prevention strategies for FSW in Kenyan ED’s.
Quantitative Analysis of China's New Energy Vehicle Policy Evolution——Co-word analysis based on policies at the central level
Authors: Zhang Wei Tong , Sun Jianguo , Tian Mingfu , Sun Yingying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using co-word analysis and social network analysis, taking 179 new energy vehicle-related policy documents issued at the national level in China since 2001 as the research text, the target time is divided into four development stages according to the key node events, and the changes of national new energy vehicle policy concerns in different time stages are explored. It is found that China's new energy vehicle policy has a significant trend in policy theme in four aspects: benchmarking categories, support methods, implementation goals and management norms, showing the above four characteristics: The standard categories are becoming more and more complete, the supporting ways are adjusted accurately in real time, the policy objectives are constantly optimized and changed, and the management standard system is more perfect. By combing the evolution law of the central government's new energy vehicle policy, this paper finds out three policy suggestions for the formulation, revision and improvement of the current relevant policies. First, the government should adopt multi-channel financial services for new energy vehicle enterprises, and clearly introduce policies that can promote the friendly relationship between new energy vehicle enterprises and banks; Second, improve the accuracy of policy support for new energy vehicles and consider the development characteristics of different enterprises in the new energy vehicle industry; Third, pay attention to the policy propaganda of purchasing demand of new energy vehicles, and use local public transportation to drive private transportation.
Subject classification codes L52; L53
Evaluation of the damage caused by Coccotrypes rhizophorae in Rhizophora propagules along the Ecuadorian coast
Authors: Molina-Moreira Natalia , López Myriam Arias , Rodriguez Rene , Medranda Paul , Massuh Daniel , DeSisto Camille 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Coccotrypes rhizophorae (Coleoptera), an insect native to Indonesia, has been introduced to several American countries, including Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. C. rhizophorae is the principal pest of mangrove species in the genus Rhizophora. Here, we examine the damage caused by C. rhizophorae infestations in a mangrove forest at eleven locations along the Ecuadorian coast throughout one year. We collected 13,200 Rhizophora spp. propagules in total (1,200 individuals per site per year). The total C. rhizophorae infestation rate was 45%. The total prevalence of Rhizophora spp. propagules infested by C. rhizophorae was significantly higher during the rainy season (55%) compared to the dry season. Bellavista Island, Corazón and Fragatas Island, and Guayaquil Historical Park showed higher damage prevalence compared to other sites. In all sites and in both seasons, the prevalent location of damage in affected propagules was in the basal area (59,81%). There was an inverse relationship between the population size inside the propagule (larvae and adults) and rainfall. The number of holes created by C. rhizophorae in Rhizophora spp. propagules was associated with the damage intensity. These results are critical for the management, conservation, and restoration of mangrove forests in Ecuador and other countries where C. rhizophorae is present.
SOD1-related cerebellar ataxia and motor neuron disease: A Cp modifier?
Authors: Marsili Luca , Davis Jennie L. , Espay Alberto J. , Gilthorpe Jonathan , Williams Chloe , Kauffman Marcelo A. , Porollo Aleksey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We describe a novel superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutation-associated clinical phenotype of cerebellar ataxia and motor neuron disease with a variant in the ceruloplasmin (Cp) gene which may have contributed to the phenotype. Our conclusions are supported by the genetic and protein structure analyses of the case.
Correlation between choriocapillary blood flow area and microstructural repair of macular as well as visual recovery in idiopathic macular hole
Authors: Li Jing , Li Huilin , Wang Wenjuan , Sun Bin , Cui Tong , Zhang Xiaodan , Gao Yan , Zhou Guohong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the changes of choroidal blood flow area (CBFA) and the absence diameter of Ellipsoid zone with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) before and after surgery and its correlation with visual function.
Patients and methods:
This prospective study was conducted in Shanxi Eye Hospital from August 2019 to December 2021. Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with unilateral IMH were investigated. The choroidal blood flow area, the choroidal thickness and the diameter of Ellipsoid zone in the macular area were measured before and after surgery in the IMH eye. Meanwhile, we further explored their relationship.
Results
After surgery, all the macular holes were anatomically recovered. Compared with baseline, the BCVA of the eyes of IMH patients was significantly improved, the logMAR BCVA of IMH patients was 0.82 ± 0.33 before surgery and 1.65 ± 1.19 six months after surgery, respectively. The choroidal blood flow area was 0.463 ± 0.046 mm2 before surgery and 0.527 ± 0.130 mm2 six months after surgery. The diameter of the ellipsoidal Zone defect was 1811.47 ± 488.979 before surgery and 560.00 ± 341.858 µm at 6 months after surgery, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that logMAR BCVA was positively correlated with the diameter of the absence range of the ellipsoidal Zone (r = 0.69, 0.75, P < 0.05) before surgery, and the choroidal blood flow area before surgery was negatively correlated with the diameter of the ellipsoidal Zone defect (r=-0.493, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
PPV plus ILM peeling treatment with IMH can effectively promote the closure of macular hole and recesses. The choroidal blood flow area is smaller before IMH srugery、the larger of the diameter of ellipsoidal zone and the worse of the visual function; Along with and the smaller of the diameter of ellipsoidal zone after IMH and the gradual recovery of the retinal microstructure, the logMAR BCVA of the patient is also gradually improved, and the visual function is gradually restored. The integrity of the postoperative microstructure has been determined as a predictor of the visual function recovery after IMH.
Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Microfacies Analyses of lower-middle Eocene and middle Miocene Carbonates in The Silifke-Taşucu Region (Mersin, Southern Anatolia)
Authors: ŞAFAK Ümit , GÜNEY Ayşegül , Nurlu Nusret , SONSUN Hande 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity differently affects the hippocampal formation subregions in adult mice
Authors: Dias-Carvalho Ana , Ferreira Mariana , Reis-Mendes Ana , Ferreira Rita , Bastos Maria Lourdes , Fernandes Eduarda , Sá Susana Isabel , Capela João Paulo , Carvalho Félix , Costa Vera Marisa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline used to treat a wide range of tumours. Despite its effectiveness, it is associated to a long range of adverse effects of which cognitive deficits stand out. The present study aimed to assess the neurologic adverse outcome pathways of two clinically relevant cumulative doses of DOX. Adult male CD-1 mice received biweekly intraperitoneal administrations for 3 weeks until reaching cumulative doses of 9 mg/kg (DOX9) or 18 mg/kg (DOX18). Animals were euthanized one week after the last administration, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain metabolism were evaluated in the whole brain. Coronal sections of fixed brains were used for specific determinations on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal formation (HF). In the whole brain, DOX18 tended to disrupt the antioxidant defences, affecting glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression. Considering the regional analysis, DOX18 increased the volume of all brain areas evaluated, while GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes decreased in the dentate gyrus (DG) and increased in the CA3 region of HF both in a dose-dependent manner. Concerning apoptosis pathway, whereas Bax increased in the DOX9 group, it decreased in the DOX18 group, but only in the latter group, Bcl-2 levels also decreased. While p53 only increased in the CA3 region of the DOX9 group, AIF increased in the PFC and DG of DOX18. Finally, phosphorylation of Tau decreased with the highest DOX dose in DG and CA3, while TNF-α levels increased in CA1 of DOX18. Our results indicate new pathways not yet described that could be responsible for the cognitive impairments observed in treated patients.
Differentials in deaths of despair in Brazilian subpopulations: a joinpoint regression analysis from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Carvalho Wellington Roberto Gomes , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The death rate from despair is rising among middle-aged non-Hispanic whites with low education and income in the United States. It is unclear whether these trends are the same in different economic contexts. The study's objective is to analyze the temporal trend in the rates of deaths due to despair in Brazil from 2000 to 2020 according to race, sex, and age group.
Methods: We used data stratified by sex, race, and age groups from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. We used joinpoint regression analysis to identify trends in death rates.
Results: Between 2000 to 2020, deaths due to despair increased in all age groups, races, and genders. There was an overall increase of 86.9%. Regarding the speed of increase, we observed that gains are more accelerated in middle-aged groups (mainly between 50 and 59 years old), primarily among black men (AAPC 0.54%, CI 95% 0.41% – 0.68%). The risk persists in these categories during all the time series (Range for RR: man vs women = 5.6 – 6.2; 50-59 yrs vs. 20 – 29 yrs = 1.9 – 2.2; black x white people = 1.1 – 1.6)
Conclusions: Trend analysis of subpopulations indicates that some groups, such as black and brown people, men, and middle-aged age groups, are more sensitive to adverse living conditions. The result, different from the pioneering study in the USA, suggests that the context is differential in explaining the volume and trend of deaths.