bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate fibroblasts enhance androgen receptor splice variant 7 expression in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Sasaki Takeshi , Yoshikawa Yumi , Kageyama Takumi , Sugino Yusuke , Kato Manabu , Masui Satoru , Nishikawa Kouhei , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen receptor splice variant (AR‐V) expression has been associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression to castration‐resistant PCa during androgen deprivation therapy, which reduces androgen production and inhibits androgen action in PCa cells. However, the mechanisms whereby aberrant AR‐V expression is increased in PCa are still largely unknown. Fibroblasts in tumor stroma influence PCa initiation and aggressiveness, and which may play a crucial role in eliciting genetic changes during malignant transformation in human prostate epithelium. Here, our aim was to determine whether prostate fibroblasts in tumor stroma induce aberrant AR‐V7 expression in PCa cells under low androgen concentration.MethodsWe performed in vitro experiments using androgen‐sensitive, AR‐positive PCa cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells), commercially available prostate stromal cells (PrSC), and primary cultured prostate fibroblasts (pcPrF) from PCa specimens collected from biopsies of patients with advanced PCa. PCa cells were cocultured with each of the three fibroblast lines (PrSC, pcPrF‐M37, and pcPrF‐M48).ResultsThe proliferation under low androgen concentration of LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells cocultured with PrSC, pcPrF‐M37, or pcPrF‐M48 was significantly increased compared to that of PCa cells cultured alone. Androgen receptor‐full length (AR‐FL) protein expression was increased in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells cocultured with PrSC, pcPrF‐M37, or pcPrF‐M48. AR‐V7 protein expression was increased in 22Rv1 cells cocultured with PrSC, pcPrF‐M37, or pcPrF‐M48. Under low androgen concentration, AR‐V7 protein expression was slightly detected in LNCaP cells cocultured with PrSC or pcPrF‐M37. Cytokine array analysis revealed that monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) levels in the conditioned medium of 22Rv1 cells cocultured with PrSC, pcPrF‐M37, or pcPrF‐M48 were increased under low androgen concentration. High IL‐8 concentration (30 ng/ml) resulted in significantly increased protein expression of AR‐FL, AR‐V7, and phospho‐NF‐κB p65 in 22Rv1 cells. In contrast, IL‐8 antibody (1 µg/ml) decreased AR‐V7 protein expression in 22Rv1 cells cocultured with PrSC, pcPrF‐M37, or pcPrF‐M48.ConclusionspcPrF from PCa specimens increase the expression of aberrant AR‐V7 in PCa cells. IL‐8 may be a target for preventing the expression of aberrant AR‐Vs in PCa.
Urban exodus? Understanding human mobility in Britain during the COVID‐19 pandemic using Meta‐Facebook data
Authors: Rowe Francisco , Calafiore Alessia , Arribas‐Bel Daniel , Samardzhiev Krasen , Fleischmann Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExisting empirical work has focused on assessing the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions on human mobility to contain the spread of COVID‐19. Less is known about the ways in which the COVID‐19 pandemic has reshaped the spatial patterns of population movement within countries. Anecdotal evidence of an urban exodus from large cities to rural areas emerged during early phases of the pandemic across western societies. Yet, these claims have not been empirically assessed. Traditional data sources, such as censuses offer coarse temporal frequency to analyse population movement over infrequent time intervals. Drawing on a data set of 21 million observations from Meta‐Facebook users, we aim to analyse the extent and evolution of changes in the spatial patterns of population movement across the rural–urban continuum in Britain over an 18‐month period from March 2020 to August 2021. Our findings show an overall and sustained decline in population movement during periods of high stringency measures, with the most densely populated areas reporting the largest reductions. During these periods, we also find evidence of higher‐than‐average mobility from high‐density population areas to low‐density areas, lending some support to claims of large‐scale population movements from large cities. Yet, we show that these trends were temporary. Overall mobility levels trended back to precoronavirus levels after the easing of nonpharmaceutical interventions. Following these interventions, we found a reduction in movement to low‐density areas and a rise in mobility to high‐density agglomerations. Overall, these findings reveal that while COVID‐19 generated shock waves leading to temporary changes in the patterns of population movement in Britain, the resulting vibrations have not significantly reshaped the prevalent structures in the national pattern of population movement. As of 2021, internal population movements sit at an intermediate level between those observed pre‐ and early phases of the pandemic.
The global health challenge of counterfeit vaccination certificates: The case of yellow fever vaccination among travelers departing from Khartoum International Airport in Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Razan Osman , Yousif Salwa Abdulrahman , Tagelsir Ahmed , Akola Marwa , Almaleeh Alaa , Elhadi Yasir Ahmed Mohammed , Sabahelzain Majdi M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCounterfeit travel vaccination certificates pose a significant threat to public health and compromise disease control measures. We investigated the self‐reported vaccination status, the validity of yellow fever vaccine (YFV) certificates (ICVPs), and knowledge and perception about the disease and its vaccine among Sudanese travelers departing through the Khartoum International Airport (KIA).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey using a non‐probability convenience sampling technique among Sudanese travelers departing through KIA between October and November 2021. We assessed the self‐reported uptake of YFV and subsequently verified the ICVPs among those reported to be vaccinated. We also assessed participants’ knowledge about the disease in addition to their knowledge and perception of YFV.ResultsFour hundred travelers were interviewed. Most participants (88.0%) reported being vaccinated. However, two‐thirds of their ICVPs (63.0%) were counterfeit. More than one‐third of the participants (35.3%) had poor knowledge of YF and YFV. Carrying a valid ICVP was associated with participants' overall good level of knowledge about YFV (p = 0.030), knowledge about the nature of infection (p‐value = 0.008), disease transmission (p = 0.016) and prevention (p = 0.028), and countries that require a mandatory YFV proof (p = 0.005). Many participants perceived YFV as important (93.3%), safe (86.5%), and effective (82.0%).ConclusionThe proportion of counterfeit ICVPs was high. Many of the participants had a poor level of knowledge about YF and YFV. Counterfeit ICVPs have grievous implications for YF prevention and control in Sudan and other countries. There is an urgent need to revisit the implementation of the International Health Regulations in Sudan to leverage recent technological advancements in immunization information systems such as electronic certification.
Automated brain tumour segmentation from multi‐modality magnetic resonance imaging data based on new particle swarm optimisation segmentation method
Authors: Gtifa Wafa , Hamdaoui Fayçal , Sakly Anis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSegmentation of brain tumours is a complex problem in medical image processing and analysis. It is a time‐consuming and error‐prone task. Therefore, computer‐aided detection systems need to be developed to decrease physicians' workload and improve the accuracy of segmentation.MethodsThis paper proposes a level set method constrained by an intuitive artificial intelligence‐based approach to perform brain tumour segmentation. By studying 3D brain tumour images, a new segmentation technique based on the Modified Particle Swarm Optimisation (MPSO), Darwin Particle Swarm Optimisation (DPSO), and Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimisation (FODPSO) algorithms were developed.ResultsThe introduced technique was verified according to the MICCAI RASTS 2013 database for high‐grade glioma patients. The three algorithms were evaluated using different performance measures: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Dice similarity coefficient to prove the performance and robustness of our 3D segmentation technique.ConclusionThe result is that the MPSO algorithm consistently outperforms the DPSO and FO DPSO.
Green relational capital, integration capabilities and environmental innovation adoption: The moderating role of normative pressures
Authors: Long Siying , Liao Zhongju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnvironmental innovation has received increasing attention recently among scholars and policy‐makers. Drawing on diffusion of innovation theory, social capital theory, dynamic capabilities theory and institutional theory, we propose that green relational capital positively influences firms' environmental innovation adoption activities. This research used survey data from 392 manufacturing firms in China. The results show that green relational capital produces a positive influence on both the speed and comprehensiveness of environmental innovation adoption, and this effect is mediated by firms' integration capabilities. Moreover, normative pressures positively moderate the relationship between green relational capital and integration capabilities.
A review of phase change materials and heat enhancement methodologies
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Andrzejczyk Rafal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) are an efficient alternative to store and release heat at a specific range of temperature. Here PCMs and heat enhancement methodologies for PCM storage are reviewed. A short overview of PCMs and their applications is presented in addition to the progress during the last 10 years. Heat enhancement techniques, that is, extended surfaces, multiple and composite PCMs, and encapsulation techniques, are presented along with a statistical overview of studies during 2016–2021. The importance of various fin and storage tank geometries (extended surfaces) is discussed in detail. Advancement in the latest heat enhancement techniques such as use of nano‐enhanced PCMs is presented. Recommendations for future research are provided.This article is categorized under:
Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage
Sustainable Energy > Energy Efficiency
Nearly critical holographic superfluids
Authors: Donos Aristomenis , Kailidis Polydoros 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the nearly critical behaviour of holographic superfluids at finite temperature and chemical potential in their probe limit. This allows us to examine the coupled dynamics of the full complex order parameter with the charge density of the system. We derive an effective theory for the long wavelength limit of the gapless and pseudo-gapped modes by using analytic techniques in the bulk. We match our construction with Model F in the classification of Hohenberg and Halperin and compute the complex dissipative kinetic transport coefficient in terms of thermodynamics and black hole horizon data. We carry out an analysis of the corresponding modes and argue that at finite density the dispersion relations are discontinuous between the normal and the broken phase. We compare and contrast our results with earlier numerical work.
The Superconducting Gravimeter CD-034 at Moxa Observatory: More than 20 Years of Scientific Experience and a Reanimation
Authors: Jahr T. , Stolz R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, advanced methods and processing schemes for the analysis of data from a Superconducting Gravimeter (SG) will be introduced and their relevance on acquired data proved. The SG CD-034 was installed on Easter of 1999 in the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany. Initially, the quality of the recorded data was examined, spectra for the detection of the parasitic modes were calculated and the calibration values for the two sensors were determined. Ever since very high-quality gravity data of this SG and most of the other worldwide SGs were made available through the storage archive of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP later changed to IGETS, International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service) for global scientific investigations at that time. SG’s such as the one in Moxa (Germany) still deliver significant scientific value for global gravitational field studies as well as for regional/local studies which will be shortly reviewed. Examples are the detection of polar motion, the influence of continental water loading in general and in particular river basin loads, the gravimetric effect of North Sea storm surges and the study of hydro-gravimetric signals, which could be compared with satellite observations and global hydraulic models. The long-term, low-noise operation of complex SG’s requires some effort on maintenance. In order to evaluate the correct operation of the SG, new data processing steps were introduced to assist in the analysis of the data in case of issues with the instrumentation. For example, in 2012/2013 and 2020/2021 severe interference in the gravimeter electronics in Moxa led to a significant loss of data. In both cases, however, the cause could be determined, and the corresponding electronic components renewed. Since July 2021, the SG in Moxa registers again with high data quality comparable or slightly better than before the incident. Initial tests and tidal analyses confirm the validity of the old calibration factors, and the authors now look forward to the re-established long-term recording with excitement and confidence.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and long-term consequences—a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Reuter Thea Charlott , Korell Valentina , Pfeiffer Jens , Ridder Gerd Jürgen , Ketterer Manuel Christoph , Becker Christoph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The primary aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the progression of descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM), evaluate the impact of comorbidities on complications and mortality and to observe long-term consequences of DNM on dysphagia and measurements quality of life. DNM is a serious infectious disease that requires multimodal treatment. Current literature varies in conclusions of risk factors, management and outcome of DNM. In addition, little is known about persisting effects on quality of life.

Methods
Retrospective data analysis of 88 patients with DNM representing the largest single-center study. Recording data of patients and diseases as well as clinical progression from 1997 to 2018. Two questionnaires were sent to the participants to measure quality of life and to detect dysphagia.

Results
88 patients were included. The most frequently found pathogen were Streptococcus spp. (52%). 75% of the patients underwent multiple surgeries, mean count of surgical procedures was 4.3 times. 84% received intensive care treatment. Median length of stay on the intensive care unit was 7 days. 51% had pre-existing comorbidities associated with reduced tissue oxygenation (e.g., diabetes). The most common complication was pleural effusion (45%). During the observation period, the mortality rate was 9%. 12 questionnaires could be evaluated. 67% of the participants were affected by dysphagia at the time of the survey.

Conclusions
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a severe disease requiring an immediate initiation of multimodal treatment. Although quality of life usually isn´t impaired permanently, dysphagia may often persist in patients after DNM.
Children’s foot parameters and basic anthropometry — do arch height and midfoot width change?
Authors: Escalona-Marfil Carles , Prats-Puig Anna , Ortas-Deunosajut Xavier , Font-Lladó Raquel , Ruiz-Tarrazo Xavier , Evans Angela Margaret 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to assess how foot posture and morphology assessments change according to body mass index (BMI) status; (2) to determine which body composition parameter (BMI or waist circumference) correlates better with the foot posture index (FPI), arch height index (AHI), and midfoot width (MFW) in children. Foot morphometry (FPI, AHI, and MFW) and body composition (BMI and waist circumference (WC)) were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 575 children (mean age = 7.42 ± 1.67 years; 53.27% female). When comparing BMI groups, an increase of 8.3% in AHI and 13.6% in MFW (both p < 0.0001) was seen. In linear regression analyses, BMI and WC were positively associated with MFW explaining together 64.8% of its variance. Noteworthy, MFW is the most related to body composition parameters.Conclusion: Foot morphology assessed by FPI, AHI, and MFW differs among BMI categories in children. Noteworthy, WC correlates better with foot measures than does the more commonly used BMI, and more importantly the MFW is the foot measure best explained by children’s body weight. Since foot morphometry is different among different BMI groups, children would benefit from shoes with different patterns (thinner and wider), as well as a good system to adjust midfoot height.

What is Known:• Children who are overweight and obese have flatter feet, when assessed using footprints.• Up to 72% of people have incorrectly fitted shoes.

What is New:• Children with underweight have thinner and flatter feet than children with normal weight, while children with overweight and obesity have wider and higher arched feet.• Body weight is related to foot shape, which has relevance for footwear manufacturers.
Physical activity and liver disease affect the fat-free mass in adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dassios Theodore , Mitakidou Maria Rafaela , Dhawan Anil , Papalexopoulou Niovi , Gupta Atul , Greenough Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is predominantly a lung disease but is also characterised by impaired skeletal muscularity and a reduction in fat-free mass. We aimed to test the hypothesis that clinical and anthropometric parameters would determine fat-free mass impairment in adolescents with CF. We measured the fat-free mass index (FFMI) using bioelectrical impedance, the lung function using spirometry, the number of shuttles as a measure of exercise tolerance and the reported physical activity in children and young people with CF in a tertiary centre at King’s College Hospital, London, UK. CF-related liver disease was diagnosed by abnormal liver enzymes and/or ultrasonography. We studied 28 children and young people (11 male) with a median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of 15 (13–17) years. They had a median (IQR) FFMI of 13.5 (11.6–15.1) kg/m2. The FFMI significantly correlated with age (rho = 0.568,p = 0.002), number of shuttles (rho = 0.691,p < 0.001) and reported hours of activity per day (rho = 0.426,p = 0.024). The median (IQR) FFMI was significantly higher in male [15.1 (13.1–18.6) kg/m2] compared to female participants [12.7 (11.6–14.1) kg/m2,p = 0.008]. The median (IQR) FFMI was significantly lower in the 10 (36%) participants with liver disease [11.9 (11.5–13.4) kg/m2] compared to the FFMI in the remaining 18 participants without liver disease [14.4 (12.5–15.9) kg/m2,p = 0.027].Conclusion: Fat-free mass increases with increasing age and growth in adolescents with CF. Physical activity exerts a beneficial effect on fat-free mass, and CF-related liver disease negatively affects fat-free mass in adolescents with CF.What is Known:• Health behaviours in adolescence influence lifelong health in cystic fibrosis (CF).• A normal body mass index in CF might fail to reveal a low fat-free mass (FFM), and quality of life in CF is strongly associated with a reduced FFM.What is New:• FFM increases with increasing age and growth in adolescents with CF.• Physical activity exerts a beneficial effect, and liver disease negatively affects FFM in adolescents with CF.
Targeting de novo loss-of-function variants in constrained disease genes improves diagnostic rates in the 100,000 Genomes Project
Authors: Seaby Eleanor G. , Thomas N. Simon , Webb Amy , Brittain Helen , Taylor Tavares Ana Lisa ,   Genomics England Consortium, Ambrose J. C. , Arumugam P , Bevers R , Bleda M , Boardman-Pretty F , Boustred C. R. , Brittain H , Caulfield M. J. , Chan G. C. , Fowler T , Giess A , Hamblin A , Henderson S , Hubbard T. J. P. , Jackson R , Jones L. J. , Kasperaviciute D , Kayikci M , Kousathanas A , Lahnstein L. , Leigh S. E. A. , Leong I. U. S. , Lopez F. J. , Maleady-Crowe F , McEntagart M. , Minneci F , Moutsianas L , Mueller M. , Murugaesu N , Need A. C. , O‘Donovan P. , Odhams C. A. , Patch C , Perez-Gil D , Pereira M. B. , Pullinger J , Rahim T , Rendon A , Rogers T , Savage K , Sawant K , Scott R. H. , Siddiq A , Sieghart A , Smith S. C. , Sosinsky A , Stuckey A , Tanguy M , Taylor Tavares A. L. , Thomas E. R. A. , Thompson S. R. , Tucci A , Welland M. J. , Williams E , Witkowska K , Wood S. M. , Baralle Diana , Rehm Heidi L. , O’Donnell-Luria Anne , Ennis Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Genome sequencing was first offered clinically in the UK through the 100,000 Genomes Project (100KGP). Analysis was restricted to predefined gene panels associated with the patient’s phenotype. However, panels rely on clearly characterised phenotypes and risk missing diagnoses outside of the panel(s) applied. We propose a complementary method to rapidly identify pathogenic variants, including those missed by 100KGP methods.

Methods
The Loss-of-function Observed/Expected Upper-bound Fraction (LOEUF) score quantifies gene constraint, with low scores correlated with haploinsufficiency. We applied DeNovoLOEUF, a filtering strategy to sequencing data from 13,949 rare disease trios in the 100KGP, by filtering for rare, de novo, loss-of-function variants in disease genes with a LOEUF score < 0.2. We compared our findings with the corresponding patient’s diagnostic reports.

Results
324/332 (98%) of the variants identified using DeNovoLOEUF were diagnostic or partially diagnostic (whereby the variant was responsible for some of the phenotype). We identified 39 diagnoses that were “missed” by 100KGP standard analyses, which are now being returned to patients.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated a highly specific and rapid method with a 98% positive predictive value that has good concordance with standard analysis, low false-positive rate, and can identify additional diagnoses. Globally, as more patients are being offered genome sequencing, we anticipate that DeNovoLOEUF will rapidly identify new diagnoses and facilitate iterative analyses when new disease genes are discovered.