bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-pot and environmentally beneficial synthesis of benzylamine and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives with choline chloride/sodium salts
Authors: kamali Ehsan , Mohammadkhani Abolfazl , pazoki Farzane , Heydari Akbar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this research, choline chloride/sodium salts are employed as a green medium to produce benzyl amines without salt by-products. In addition, choline chloride/sodium salts are being used as a green medium in producing benzyl azide. The synthesis of 1,2,3 triazoles is followed by a formal cycloaddition process of benzyl azide using nitro-styrene to complete the process. As a result, a component one-pot green fundamental reaction to synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles has been devised. Furthermore, since no poisonous solvents or hazardous catalysts are employed, the method is environmentally friendly.
Climate change mitigation benefits for labor exceed mitigation costs
Authors: Parsons Luke , Shindell Drew , Nagamoto Emily , Chang Jonathan , Faluvegi G , Kroeger Timm 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rapidly reducing greenhouse gas emissions is critical to limit global warming below 2°C. However, the magnitude and timing of beneficial effects of emissions reductions on labor productivity and the size of those effects relative to the costs of emissions reductions remain understudied. Here we use reanalysis data and climate model simulations to estimate current and future potential global labor losses associated with heat and air pollution exposure. We also examine the timing of benefits for avoided air pollution and heat exposure under a mitigation scenario consistent with limiting warming to around 2°C. Under the 2°C scenario compared to a higher emissions scenario representative of current mitigation policies, we find large, near-term benefits for countries with relatively poor air quality, such as China, India, and Nigeria. Avoided global labor productivity losses associated with air pollution exceed $600 billion/year within a decade, and peak by mid-century at about $860 billion/year. By contrast, avoided productivity losses associated with heat exposure do not exceed $500 billion/year until mid-century, but continue to grow for the remainder of the century. Over all time horizons, the avoided global labor productivity losses from aggressive emissions reductions exceed estimated additional energy investments needed to limit warming to ~2°C.
Relationship of inflammatory cytokines with postoperative pain and knee skin temperature following primary total knee arthroplasty：a prospective study
Authors: Su Wanying , Li Xiaosheng , Li Sihong , Huang Shu , Chen Tiezhu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:Total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is an effective treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious postoperative complications of knee arthroplasty, and serum inflammatory cytokines, postoperative pain, and knee skin temperature are often used as indicators for evaluation of PJI. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between postoperative serum inflammatory cytokines (erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) ) and postoperative pain and skin temperature of the operated knee in patients with primary unilateral knee arthroplasty, and to provide a reference for early postoperative screening of PJI.Methods: 78 who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty from December 2020 to November 2021 were selected as the research subjects. Knee pain at rest (NRSR) and knee pain at walking (NRSW) were evaluated by numerical pain score (NRS). Knee skin temperature was measured, and fasting blood samples were collected to detect ESR , CRP , IL-6, PCT.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the rest pain and the preoperative rest pain on the 3rd and 5th days after the operation (P<0.05). And there was a statistically significant difference between the walking pain and preoperative walking pain on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days after operation (P<0.05). Significant statistical difference was identified in the knee skin temperature between the operative side and the healthy side on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th after operation (P < 0.05). The levels of serum inflammatory cytokines (ESR, CRP, IL-6) in patients on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after operation were statistical significance compared with those before operation (P<0.05). The levels of serum inflammatory cytokines PCT on the 1st, 3rd after operation were significantly different from those before operation. NRSW was positively correlated with preoperative NRSW on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days postoperatively (P<0.05). Preoperative NRSW was positively correlated with PCT, and NRSR and NRSW were positively correlated with IL-6 and PCT on the 1st day after operation, while the NRSR was positively correlated with CRP and NRSW was positively correlated with CRP on the 3rd days after operation. There was no correlation between the skin temperature of the operative knee , postoperative pain and serum inflammatory cytokines .Conclusion: Serum inflammatory cytokines (CRP, IL-6, PCT) after TKA were positively correlated with postoperative pain after TKA. Serum inflammatory cytokines (ESR, CRP, IL-6, and PCT), postoperative pain, and skin temperature of the operated knee have normal fluctuations, and persistent elevation must be a cause for concern and may complicate periprosthetic joint infection and require further evaluation.
Comparison between direct anterior approach and minimally invasive posterolateral approach for bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture
Authors: Liu Wei , Lin Wei , Hao Congqiang , Zong Yaqi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background To compare the clinical effect after bipolar hemiarthroplasty（BHA）via the direct anterior approach（DAA）or minimally invasive posterolateral approach（MIPA）following the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. Methods 196 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture were divided into DAA group (n=98) and MIPA group (n=98) according to the surgical approach. The clinical data，postoperative pain and complications，the time to keep seating for 1 hour and walking independently，postoperative Harris score of functional activity in 6 weeks and 2 years and mortality at 2 years after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results （1）The patients in group DAA had longer operation time, but the patients with pneumonia 72 hours after the operation was less，the VAS score of DAA patients decreased after 24 hours of operation, and the time of keep seating for 1 hour and walking independently was earlier (P< 0.05).（2）6 weeks after the operation, the Harris score of wearing socks and shoelaces , sitting on chairs and climbing stairs in the DAA group was better than that in the MIPA group (P< 0.05). After 2 years, there was no significant difference in Harris scores between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion In the elderly patients with BHA, DAA can be more effective than MIPA to reduce the incidence of complications associated with long-term bed rest, relieve early postoperative pain, and improve the early postoperative hip function.
Rapid Imaging of Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma with a Fluorogenic Probe Targeting γ - Glutamyltranspeptidase
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Kamiya Mako , Kawashima Shun , Yoshioka Takafusa , Hino Haruaki , Fujita Kyohhei , Kojima Ryosuke , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Urano Yasuteru , Nakajima Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, thoracoscopic and robotic surgical procedures have increasingly replaced median sternotomy for thymoma and thymic carcinoma. In cases of partial thymectomy, the prognosis is greatly improved by ensuring a sufficient margin from the tumor, and therefore intraoperative fluorescent imaging of the tumor is especially valuable in thoracoscopic and robotic surgery, where tactile information is not available. γ-Glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) has been applied for fluorescence imaging of some types of tumors in the resected tissues, and here we aimed to examine its validity for the imaging of thymoma and thymic carcinoma. 22 patients with thymoma or thymic carcinoma who underwent surgery between February 2013 and January 2021 were included in the study. Ex vivo imaging of specimens was performed, and the sensitivity and specificity of gGlu-HMRG were 77.3% and 100%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to confirm expression of gGlu-HMRG's target enzyme, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). IHC revealed high GGT expression in thymoma and thymic carcinoma in contrast to absent or low expression in normal thymic parenchyma and fat tissue. These results suggest that gGlu-HMRG is a promising candidate as an intraoperative navigation tool for thymoma and thymic carcinoma.
Epidemiological factors associated with revision of total joint replacement surgery: A nested case-control study
Authors: Gill Robert , Liu Ming , Costello Christie , Furey Andrew , Rahman Proton , Zhai Guangju 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Total Joint Replacement (TJR) is the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage joint pathologies, such as osteoarthritis (OA). However, this procedure can result in prosthesis failure, consequently requiring an early revision. These revision surgeries come at a high cost to the healthcare system and increase morbidity to patients. Therefore, it is crucial to identify factors associated with revisions to inform surgical decision-making. Methods: This study was a nested-case control study utilizing participants recruited in the he Newfoundland Osteoarthritis Study (NFOAS), initiated in 2011. Study participants were patients who underwent TJR (hip/knee) due to various pathologies, with OA accounting for a large proportion of cases. Revision status was collected through a chart review on the Eastern Health Meditech Health Care Information System. Seventy-two variables collected by general health questionnaires and medical reports were examined for associations with revisions. Results: A total of 1086 patients were recruited in the study; 810 patients were included (41.5% hip and 58.5% knee) in the final analysis; 30 of them underwent revision surgery. Seven factors were identified to be associated with revision status (number of live births, hysterectomy, hypertension, lateral epicondylitis, back pain that radiates to legs, more than five comorbidities, and the surgeon; all p<0.05). Of these variables, patients requiring revisions were more likely to have had lateral epicondylitis or their primary surgery conducted by the surgeon coded E5. In contrast, non-revision patients were associated with more live births, more than five comorbidities, hysterectomy, hypertension, or back pain that radiated to their legs.Conclusions: Our data suggested that surgeon and patients' health factors were associated with the odds of requiring revision surgery. Therefore, patients' risk of revision surgery could theoretically be calculated prior to TJR, better informing patient treatment decisions.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV and cervical morphological results in southern Hunan Province, China: analyses of results from a tertiary institution, 2018-2020
Authors: Lan Zhihua , Zhang Jing , Li Hongtao , He Rongfang , Zhao Qiang , Yang Fang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely correlated with cervical lesions. However, the HPV prevalence varies among different districts. This retrospective study investigated the HPV genotype distribution and its relationship with cervical lesions in southern Hunan Province.Methods: HPV and morphological examinations results from HPV-positive patients during 2018-2020 were reviewed. A total of 49,955 gynaecological inpatients and outpatients, each of whom underwent HPV testing, were included in this study. Available cytology and relevant histological examination results were reviewed. Furthermore, we limited the interval between HPV testing and the receipt of associated morphological results (if available) in the same patient to within 180 days to ensure their correlation when analysing their relationship.Results: The overall HPV positivity rate was 14.6%. The top five most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV52, 16, 58, 53 and 51 (23.0%, 17.5%, 14.3%, 7.5%, and 6.0%, respectively). The HPV prevalence in the group aged ≤20 years was the highest, followed by the prevalence in the group aged 60–69 years. Single infection was the main type of HPV infection, and multiple infections occurred in 21.96% (1600/7286) of the infected women. Cytological and pathological abnormalities were mainly associated with infection with HPV16, 52 and 58. Further analysis found that HPV16, 58, 52 and 33 were the main genotypes associated with high-grade squamous lesions (HSIL) and that HPV16, 31, 33 and 58 were independent risk factors for HSIL (OR=1.70, 1.99, 2.59, 2.29; all P<0.05). HPV16, 58, 52, 18 and 33 were the most frequent genotypes detected in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, and HPV16 and 18 were independent risk factors for cervical carcinomas (OR=6.72, P<0.001; OR=1.67, P=0.001).Conclusion: This retrospective study demonstrated the prevalence and the distribution characteristics of HPV infection and its correlation with cervical lesions in southern Hunan Province. The comprehensive results of this survey can guide HPV vaccine research to protect against some common genotypes in China.
Dynamical systems model of development of the action differentiation in early infancy: a requisite of physical agency
Authors: Fujihira Ryo , Taga Gentaro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Young infants are sensitive to the circular causality between their body movements and environmental events. This ability has been revealed by empirical studies on the reinforcement of limb movements when a string is attached between an infant limb and a mobile toy suspended overhead. A previous theoretical study reproduced this experimental observation by using a coupled oscillator model for the limb and mobile with positive feedback for the mobile conjugate reinforcement, and argued that the phase transition to a highly coordinated state of infant and mobile movements comprised the origin of agency. However, the model could not reproduce empirical observations regarding the development of action differentiation between the enhancement of arm movements for self-generated mobile movements (interaction condition) and inhibition of limb movements for incongruent mobile movements generated by others (stimulation condition). In the present study, we present a dynamical system model for the development of action differentiation for a mobile task. In addition to the pair of limb and mobile oscillators for providing positive feedback for reinforcement in the previous model, bifurcation dynamics are incorporated to enhance or inhibit self-movements in response to detecting contingencies between the limb and mobile movements. The results from computer simulations reproduce experimental observations on the developmental emergence of action differentiation between 2 and 3 months of age in the form of a bifurcation diagram. We infer that the emergence of physical agency entails young infants’ ability not only to enhance but also to decouple action-perception cycles based on self-referential processing using an efference copy.
Unwanted ingredients - Highly specific and sensitive method for the extraction and quantification of PFAS in everyday foods
Authors: Roberts Joanne , McNaughtan Moyra , Prieto Hector de las Heras 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic substances and can only come from polluted sources. There are many classes of PFAS which can be transformed to perfluoalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids in the environment. Once they are in this form they are environmentally mobile and extremely stable with half lifes of decades. These compounds are not innocuous and are implicated in causing many different diseases.In this publication a method for the extraction and quantitation of perflurocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonic acids, using high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HRMS), is evaluated. The linearity, recovery and matrix effect are described and the method tested on tomato, strawberry and milk purchased from different locations. The C8 PFAS – perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid which were added to the Stockholm Convention list for restricted use in 2008 were not determined. However, the C4 version – perfluorobutanoic acid was determined at different concentrations in all 3 matrices. The samples were sourced from different locations and had different packaging and therefore it is likely the contamination was from environmental sources such as bio-accumulation from groundwater or airborne particles.
Widespread occurrence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and novel bfpA variants in Australian fruit bats
Authors: McDougall Fiona , Gordon David , Robins-Browne Roy , Bennett-Wood Vicki , Boardman Wayne , Power Michelle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in human infants. EPEC is characterised by specific virulence factors including intimin (encoded by the eae gene) and bundle forming pili (Bfp; encoded by the bfp operon, including the bfpA gene for the major pilus subunit). By definition, Bfp are only present in typical EPEC (tEPEC). Humans are the only known natural host of tEPEC. Here we investigated the occurrence and genetic characteristics of EPEC from an Australian fruit bat species, the grey-headed flying-fox. Whole genome sequencing of 61 E. coli isolates from fruit bat faeces revealed that 13 were tEPEC, 11 of which had novel bfpA variants. HEp-2 cell adhesion assays indicated that every tEPEC strain carried a functional bfp operon that encoded localised adherence to human-derived epithelial cells in vitro. Additional analysis of faecal samples using an EPEC-specific multiplex PCR, identified tEPEC in fruit bats from three geographic areas in eastern Australia, with sampling conducted on six occasions over a four-year period (mean occurrence 19.1%, range 1.3–87.0%). This is the first report of the widespread occurrence of tEPEC in a non-human host over extensive geographical and temporal scales. Our findings suggest that fruit bats are a natural host of tEPEC and that host-specific lineages may have evolved in bats to comprise part of their commensal microbiome.
Comparison of the Results of Four Different Refraction Measurement Devices in Childhood with Retinoscopy
Authors: Simsek Merve , Oral Yesim , Erogul Ozgur , Sabaner Mehmet Cem , Simsek Cem , Yorukoglu Seray 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of 4 different autorefractometer devices with the results of retinoscopy in childhood. Methods: A total of 120 eyes of 60 patients aged between 6 and 18 who applied to Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University were included in the study. Patients were first measured refraction with Plusoptix A09 (photoscreener) without cycloplegia. Spherical and cylindrical values ​​were recorded. Then, half an hour after the patients were instilled 2 drops of cyclopentalate with an interval of 5 minutes, dilated retinoscopy was performed, and spherical and cylindrical values ​​were recorded. Autorefractometer measurements with cycloplegia were performed with Canon RK-F1 autorefractometer, Nidek Tonoref III and Retinomax K-Plus 3, and spherical and cylindrical values ​​were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 11.02 ± 2.1. Mean spherical equivalents were Canon RKF1 autorefractometer +0.045±2.49, Nidek TonoRef III +0.023±2.48, Retinomax K-Plus 3 +0.078±1.42, Plusoptix A09 -0.119±2.20, retinoscopy +0.124±2.65. Mean cylindrical values ​​were Canon RK-F1 autorefractometer -0.893±0.69, Nidek TonoRef III -0.927±0.72, Retinomax K-Plus 3 -0.888±0.73, Plusoptix A09 -0.883±0.719, retinoscopy -0.923±0.71. Statistical values ​​compared with retinoscopy; Canon RKF1 spherical equivalent (p=0.376), cylindrical (p= 0.515), Nidek TonoRef III spherical equivalent (p=0.485), cylindrical (p=0.198), Retinomax K-Plus 3 spherical equivalent (p=0.141), cylindrical (p=0.058), Plusoptix A09 spherical equivalent (p=0.085) and cylindrical (p=0.086) values ​​were not different. Conclusions: In spherical and cylindrical refractive error detection, all 4 devices showed reasonable and consistent results compared to retinoscopy.
The association between apparent temperature and cardiovascular mortality in Puducherry, India: an exploratory study between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Shrikhande Shreya S , Pedder Hugo , Röösli Martin , Dalvie Mohammad Aqiel , Lakshmanasamy Ravivarman , Gasparrini Antonio , Utzinger Jürg , Cissé Guéladio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and aimClimate change has far reaching consequences on all aspects of life, including health. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the global leading cause of death, have also been found to be climate sensitive, mainly to temperature. However, the associations between CVDs and temperature are region-specific with relatively few studies focusing on low and middle-income countries. This study explores this association in Puducherry, a coastal district in the Eastern part India.Methods We analyzed the association between apparent temperature (Tapp) and in-hospital CVD mortalities in Puducherry between 2010 and 2020 using a binomial regression model. We used a distributed lag non-linear model to capture the delayed and non-linear trends and identify the optimal temperature range for Puducherry. The results are expressed as the fraction of CVD mortalities attributable to non-optimal temperatures. We also performed stratified analysis to explore the associations between Tapp and age and sex combined and different types of CVDs.Results We found that the optimal temperature range for Puducherry is between 33⁰C and 35⁰C with respect to CVDs. Temperatures both above and below the optimal temperature range were associated with an increased risk of overall in-hospital CVD mortalities, resulting in a U-shaped association curve. Up to 20% of the CVD deaths could be attributable to non-optimal temperatures, with a slightly higher burden attributable to cold (11.2%) than heat (9.1%). We also found that males above 60 years of age were more vulnerable to colder temperatures, while females above 60 years were more vulnerable to heat. Mortality with cerebrovascular accidents was associated more with heat compared to cold, while ischemic heart diseases did not seem to be affected by temperature.Conclusions We found the optimal temperature range for Puducherry to be higher than that previously reported for India as a whole, with a relatively high burden attributable to ‘cold’ temperatures, despite being an inherently hot region. Our study also identified the age and gender differences in temperature attributable CVD mortalities, which can be socio-cultural. Further studies from India could identify the regional associations and enhance the development of region and context specific climate-health action plans.