bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical team perceptions of the surgical safety checklist in a tertiary hospital in Jordan: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Albsoul Rania , Alshyyab Muhammad Ahmed , Al Odat Baraa Ayed , Al Dwekat Nermeen Borhan , Al-masri Batool Emad , Alkubaisi Fatima Abdulsattar , Flefil Salsabil Awni , Al-Khawaldeh Majd Hussein , Sa'ed Ragad Ayman , Abu Ajamieh Maha Waleed , Fitzgerald Gerard 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of operating room staff towards the use of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist in a tertiary hospital in Jordan.Design/methodology/approachThis was a qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 21 healthcare staff employed in the operating room (nurses, residents, surgeons and anaesthesiologists). The interviews were conducted in the period from October to December 2021. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThree main themes emerged from data analysis namely compliance with the surgical safety checklist, the impact of surgical safety checklist, and barriers and facilitators to the use of the surgical safety checklist. The use of the checklist was seen as enabling staff to communicate effectively and thus to accomplish patient safety and positive outcomes. The perceived barriers to compliance included excessive workload, congestion and lack of training and awareness. Enhanced training and education were thought to improve the utilization of the surgical safety checklist, and help enhance awareness about its importance.Originality/valueWhile steps to utilize the surgical safety checklist by the operation room personnel may seem simple, the quality of its administration is not necessarily robust. There are several challenges for consistent, complete and effective administration of the surgical safety checklist by the surgical team members. Healthcare managers must employ interventions to eliminate barriers to and offer facilitators of adherence to the application of the surgical safety checklist, therefore promoting quality healthcare and patient safety.
The relative influence of history, climate, topography and vegetation structure on local animal richness varies among taxa and spatial grains
Authors: Carrasco Luis , Giam Xingli , Sheldon Kimberly S. , Papeş Monica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial scales at which environmental factors drive species richness patterns is a major challenge in ecology. Due to the trade‐off between spatial grain and extent, studies tend to focus on a single spatial scale, and the effects of multiple environmental variables operating across spatial scales on the pattern of local species richness have rarely been investigated.Here, we related variation in local species richness of ground beetles, landbirds and small mammals to variation in vegetation structure and topography, regional climate, biome diversity and glaciation history for 27 sites across the USA at two different spatial grains.We studied the relative influence of broad‐scale (landscape) environmental conditions using variables estimated at the site level (climate, productivity, biome diversity and glacial era ice cover) and fine‐scale (local) environmental conditions using variables estimated at the plot level (topography and vegetation structure) to explain local species richness. We also examined whether plot‐level factors scale up to drive continental scale richness patterns. We used Bayesian hierarchical models and quantified the amount of variance in observed richness that was explained by environmental factors at different spatial scales.For all three animal groups, our models explained much of the variation in local species richness (85%–89%), but site‐level variables explained a greater proportion of richness variance than plot‐level variables. Temperature was the most important site‐level predictor for explaining variance in landbirds and ground beetles richness. Some aspects of vegetation structure were the main plot‐level predictors of landbird richness. Environmental predictors generally had poor explanatory power for small mammal richness, while glacial era ice cover was the most important site‐level predictor.Relationships between plot‐level factors and richness varied greatly among geographical regions and spatial grains, and most relationships did not hold when predictors were scaled up to the continental scale. Our results suggest that the factors that determine richness may be highly dependent on spatial grain, geography, and animal group. We demonstrate that instead of artificially manipulating the resolution to study multiscale effects, a hierarchical approach that uses fine grain data at broad extents could help solve the issue of scale selection in environment‐richness studies.
Plant N economics and the extended phenotype: Integrating the functional traits of plants and associated soil biota into plant–plant interactions
Authors: Fernandez Marine , Vernay Antoine , Henneron Ludovic , Adamik Larissa , Malagoli Philippe , Balandier Philippe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The nitrogen (N) economics of plants are generally described in terms of functional traits and how these affect N availability in a given environment. However, recent studies have shown that plant symbionts play a crucial role in plant N economics. A plant together with its symbiont can be considered as a meta‐organism, the holobiont. Plant‐associated symbionts are shaped by the plant, thereby extending the plant's phenotype. Decomposers also play an important role in plant N economics, yet are usually not included in the plant holobiont.

In this review, we show the important roles that both symbionts and decomposers play in plant N economics. We focus on how plants respond to fluctuating N availability in a complex interaction network, which includes the plant's strategies and its interactions and feedback loops with the soil biota and with neighbouring plants, through competition for N by exploitation and interference.

Synthesis. Plant N economics and the outcome of plant–plant interactions in a community cannot be fully described solely through the functional traits of plant individuals. Properties emerging from the interaction network bring new insights into plant N economics. Further research is now needed to gain a deeper understanding of plant N economics and resource economics in plant communities by integrating a broader extended plant phenotype.
Climate‐driven substitution of foundation species causes breakdown of a facilitation cascade with potential implications for higher trophic levels
Authors: Smale Dan A. , Teagle Harry , Hawkins Stephen J. , Jenkins Helen L. , Frontier Nadia , Wilding Cat , King Nathan , Jackson‐Bué Mathilde , Moore Pippa J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Climate change can alter ecological communities both directly, by driving shifts in species distributions and abundances, and indirectly by influencing the strength and direction of species interactions. Within benthic marine ecosystems, foundation species such as canopy‐forming macro‐algae often underpin important cascades of facilitative interactions.

We examined the wider impacts of climate‐driven shifts in the relative abundances of foundation species within a temperate reef system, with particular focus on a habitat cascade whereby kelp facilitate epiphytic algae that, in turn, facilitate mobile invertebrates. Specifically, we tested whether the warm‐water kelp Laminaria ochroleuca, which has proliferated in response to recent warming trends, facilitated a secondary habitat‐former (epiphytic algae on stipes) and associated mobile invertebrates, to the same degree as the cold‐water kelp Laminaria hyperborea.

The facilitative interaction between kelp and stipe‐associated epiphytic algae was dramatically weaker for the warm‐water foundation species, leading to breakdown of a habitat cascade and impoverished associated faunal assemblages. On average, the warm‐water kelp supported >250 times less epiphytic algae (by biomass) and >50 times fewer mobile invertebrates (by abundance) than the cold‐water kelp. Moreover, by comparing regions of pre‐ and post‐range expansion by L. ochroleuca, we found that warming‐impacted kelp forests supported around half the biomass of epiphytic algae and one‐fifth of the abundance of mobile invertebrates, per unit area, compared with unimpacted forests. We suggest that disruption to this facilitation cascade has the potential to impact upon higher trophic levels, specifically kelp forest fishes, through lower prey availability.

Synthesis. Climate‐driven shifts in species' distributions and the relative abundances of foundation organisms will restructure communities and alter ecological interactions, with consequences for ecosystem functioning. We show that climate‐driven substitutions of seemingly similar foundation species can alter local biodiversity and trophic processes in temperate marine ecosystems.
Integrating nocturnal and diurnal interactions in a Neotropical pollination network
Authors: Souza Camila S. , Oliveira Paulo E. , Rosa Bianca B. , Maruyama Pietro K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Plants establish pollination interactions with different groups of animals, including nocturnal ones that establish interactions with economically valuable and culturally important crops, as well as wild plants of conservation concern. Despite the considerable number of studies addressing the structure and dynamic of pollination networks, nocturnal interactions have been relatively overlooked. Using a multilayer network approach and considering diurnal and nocturnal interactions, we aimed to understand how interactions at different periods of the day are integrated and contribute to the network structural pattern. We also aimed to highlight how multilayer networks may give a more nuanced assessment of species importance across layers.

We assembled a pollination network of an intensively studied Neotropical area by standardizing interaction data from 16 previous studies into a presence/absence (binary) network. Then, we used a multilayer network approach to evaluate the network modularity and plant species' roles in these different temporal layers. Plants were classified as nocturnal or diurnal according to the onset of floral opening and pollinators were classified according to their foraging period.

The network consisted of 178 pollinator species and 158 plant species, with 870 links. Among plant species, 135 species have diurnal floral opening while 23 species are nocturnal. The multilayer network was significantly modular, and these modules differed in the composition of pollinator groups (e.g., hawk moths, bats, bees, hummingbirds), as well as of diurnal and nocturnal plants. We show that diurnal and nocturnal interactions are organized into interconnected modules in the multilayer network. Nocturnal plants had higher values of versatility and multidegree than diurnal plants, due to their role in connecting the two temporal layers.

Synthesis. Our study highlights the importance of integrating different pollination systems to understand the importance of distinct components that structure pollination networks. We also illustrate the value of tapping into existing information, particularly species interaction data, from well‐studied biodiversity hotspot areas, to gain a better understanding of how communities are structured. Finally, despite the relative scarcity of nocturnal pollination network studies, we showed nocturnal plants, which often make complementary use of diurnal pollinators, to be important in connecting the temporal layers.
Use of clonidine in the treatment of Irukandji syndrome: A 4‐year retrospective cohort study on safety, efficacy and clinical utility
Authors: Isman Ari , Seymour Jamie , Little Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveIrukandji syndrome (IS) is an extremely painful condition that causes a significant catecholamine surge and sympathetic autonomic response related to the envenomation from certain types of jellyfish. Current management involves intravenous fluids, magnesium sulphate and large doses of opioids for symptom control. Clonidine, a centrally acting alpha‐2 agonist, is often used as an analgesic adjunct to reduce opioid requirements in acute pain. The present study explores the safety and efficacy of clonidine in reducing opioid requirements in IS.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with IS at Cairns Hospital between 1 March 2016 and 30 April 2020, and participants from the Magnesium in Irukandji Study Trial, were included in this retrospective study (n = 114). Cases were separated into two groups depending on whether or not they received clonidine, and subsequently analysed according to pre‐ and post‐intervention opioid requirements, clonidine dose administered and adverse effects.ResultsNotably, 39 patients with IS received ≥1 mcg/kg clonidine and the remaining 75 did not. There was no difference in oral morphine equivalent daily dose (oMEDD) between groups before clonidine administration; however, there was a significant reduction in oMEDD required after patients received clonidine (26.1 mg; 95% CI 4.6–47.7) compared with those who did not (66.6 mg; 95% CI 56.9–86.1) (F = 8.722, df = 1 × 224, P = 0.003). One episode of hypotension occurred following the intervention.ConclusionPatients with IS who received clonidine required significantly lower opioid requirements than those who did not receive clonidine. Clonidine was safe to administer and should be considered early when treating IS. The optimal clonidine dose remains unclear and requires prospective studies to validate our findings.
Purification of Aspergillus tamarii mycelial fructosyltransferase (m‐FTase), optimized FOS production, and evaluation of its anticancer potential
Authors: Choukade Ritumbhara , Kango Naveen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present study, generation of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using Aspergillus tamarii FTase was optimized by applying response surface methodology. Optimal FOS (251 g L−1) was generated at 28.4°C, pH 7.0 and 50% (w/v) sucrose leading to 1.97‐fold yield enhancement. The m‐FTase was purified using ultrafiltration followed by HiTrap Q HP anion exchange chromatography resulting in 2.15‐fold purified FTase with 12.76 U mg–1 specific activity. Purified FTase (75 kDa) had Km and Vmax values of 1049.717 mM and 2.094 µmol min–1 mg–1, respectively. FOS incorporation led to upregulation of caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax genes suggesting mitochondrial apoptosis activation in cancer cells. The study describes characteristics of purified FTase from A. tamarii, production optimization of FOS and unravels the role of FOS in anticancer activity against HT‐29 cells.Practical ApplicationThis study provides detailed insights of kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of purified FTase, a prebiotic FOS‐generating enzyme. Moreover, the role of the apoptotic genes involved in anticancer activity, and the prebiotic potential of FOS is also investigated. These findings are important in the context of FOS applications, and the optimized production strategies make it useful for industrial application.
A feasibility study on nondestructive classification of frozen Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fillets based on temperature history at the logistics using NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Asefa Bezuayehu Gutema , Sun Chanjun , Van Beers Robbe , Saeys Wouter , Ruyters Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTemperature fluctuation commonly occurs in the cold chain leading to complete or partial thawing and refreezing of frozen products resulting in a multifrozen product. Such oscillation of temperature could cause significant quality reduction compared to single frozen products. This study was designed to differentiate frozen Atlantic salmon fillets based on the level of temperature fluctuation. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with chemometrics was used to classify the frozen fillets stored at no fluctuation (NF), low fluctuation (LF), high fluctuation (HF), and very high fluctuation (VF) temperature. Using spectral profiles obtained at both frozen and thawed states, fillets were classified based on the level of temperature fluctuation by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The thawed samples showed better classification accuracy (71%) than frozen samples (66%) in a four‐class model. Considering the small variation within the first two (NF, LF) and the last two (HF, VF) groups, a two‐class classification model was developed using thawed samples, and the obtained model correctly classified the two groups ([NF, LF] and [HF, VF]) with 100 % classification accuracy. Protein‐ and water‐related changes were found important to distinguish the fillets. Based on these findings, the four‐class prediction model is found insufficient to be used for nondestructive determination of temperature history of frozen fillets. However, the two‐class prediction model with further external validation can be applied to determine the level of temperature fluctuation particularly using fillets scanned at thawed state.Practical ApplicationNIR spectroscopy can be used to evaluate the degree of temperature fluctuation and thus related quality loss throughout the logistics of frozen Atlantic salmon fillets. Researchers, food control authorities, and the retail industry could be the primary beneficiaries of this research output.
Effects of the mashing process and macromolecule contents on the filterability of barley malt
Authors: Zhu Tiandi , Mu Yuwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe filterability of barley malt is a critical quality parameter in beer brewing. The effects of two mashing processes (processes A and B) on the filterability of the three barley malts and their macromolecule contents were investigated. Filtration volume increased by 4%, 9%, and 13% for the Baudin, Ganpi, and Gangpi malts, respectively, and the final filtration volume of Gangpi was still poorer than that of Baudin. A downward mashing process (process C) was applied to measure the β‐glucan, arabinoxylans (AX), the polymeric arabinoxylan (PAX), and high molecular weight nitrogen (HMWN) content. The β‐glucan degradation rate of well‐modified malt during malting was higher than that of poorly modified malt, whereas the PAX and HMWN solubilization rates during malting were lower in well‐modified malt than in poorly modified malt. The filterability of poorly modified malt did not effectively improve with an initial mashing phase at 37℃. β‐Glucan degradation and PAX and HMWN solubilization during malting were critical for ensuring malt quality. Thus, the goal of predicting the filterability of malt was achieved by applying a downward mashing process.Practical ApplicationQuality of wort and beer as well as production efficiency is affected by the malt quality. The filterability of barley malt can affect the production efficiency and quality of wort. The change in the macromolecule contents during malting is important to ensure the production of high‐quality malt. The results of this study can provide a good method for the detection of malt filtration performance, and it also may contribute to the purpose of prediction the changes in barley malt and the resulting barley malt filterability.
Use of cenotes and the cave environment by mammals on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Vernes Karl , Devos Fred 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMammals are important sources of nutrients to cave ecosystems, and in some circumstances, caves may be an essential resource for mammals. Few studies, however, have focused on the use of caves by terrestrial mammals. The Yucatán Peninsula encompasses an extensive carbonate karst region that includes the world's largest underwater cave system. Forest in the region overlies fractured limestone bedrock, so flooded caves known regionally as cenotes represent the only reliable source of free‐standing water for much of the Peninsula's wildlife. We used camera traps at 17 cenotes on the Yucatán Peninsula to determine patterns of use by mammals. Eighteen non‐volant mammal taxa were identified using cenotes, the most commonly occurring being lowland paca (Agouti paca), opossums (Didelphis spp.), white‐nosed coati (Nasua narica), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), tayra (Eira barbara), and gray four‐eyed opossum (Philander opossum); collectively these taxa accounted for 76% of all mammal records. We also recorded several felids using cenotes, including jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor). Activity patterns at cenotes usually matched normal activity schedules, but some species were nocturnal in the forest but diurnal at cenotes. Mammals mostly accessed cenotes to drink, but a range of activities were recorded including foraging, nesting, mating, resting, and bathing. The Yucatán region has experienced continued population growth and economic development over many decades which directly threatens cenotes. Because our work has revealed that cenotes are important to the Yucatán's mammals, we believe protection of cenotes should be a central issue for regional wildlife conservation.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Chemistry and anticancer activity of cardiac glycosides: A review
Authors: Shah Kamal , Chhabra Sumit , Singh Chauhan Nagendra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this review is an attempt to emphasize the development in the chemistry and to display review of diverse therapeutic actions of cardiac glycosides. Anticancer activity of cardiac glycosides is the main activity as discussed in this review. The aim of the review is to gather the recent researches on cardiac glycosides. The present manuscript gives the platform for the researcher to have complete literature on the topic.
Should compromised first permanent molar teeth in children be routinely removed? A health economics analysis
Authors: Sanghvi Risha , Cant Aisling , de Almeida Neves Aline , Hosey Marie Therese , Banerjee Avijit , Pennington Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of retaining one or more compromised first permanent molars (cFPMs) affected by dental caries or enamel hypomineralization, compared to timely extraction, in children aged 8 years.MethodsA Markov model was developed to simulate the lifetime of a cFPM. Two management strategies were compared: extraction facilitating spontaneous space closure or maintenance of teeth with restorations. Ten health states were utilized to capture long‐term outcomes including various tooth restorations, prostheses or a retained gap at the cFPM site. Outcomes were expressed as Quality Adjusted Tooth‐Years (QATYs). The model was informed by survey data on patient preferences for treatment outcomes and UK data on costs. Discounted costs and QATYs were calculated over 62 years.ResultsRegardless of the number of cFPMs, retaining cFPMs was more effective than early removal, generating an additional 2.3 QATYs per cFPM. Early removal of one or two cFPM under general anaesthetic (GA) was more expensive than retention and hence never cost‐effective. Retaining a cFPM was more expensive than early removal under local anaesthesia or where four cFPMs were extracted under GA. In these cases, retaining cFPMs was cost‐effective if a QATY was valued at £100 or £35, respectively. Results were robust to sensitivity analysis.ConclusionPreserving a cFPM was more cost‐effective than the early loss of one, or two cFPMs under GA. Preservation of four cFPMs was cost‐effective if sufficient value was placed on a QATY. These findings can guide clinical practice on management of cFPMs alongside patient/payer values on maintaining teeth.