bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AS ORGANIZAÇÕES REGIONAIS E A PROMOÇÃO E PROTEÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA: reflexões a partir das práticas de intervenção democrática na América do Sul
Authors: Ribeiro Hoffmann Andrea 
Published: August 2022

O principal objetivo deste artigo é explorar se, e sob que condições, as organizações regionais podem contribuir para a promoção e proteção da democracia de seus estados-membros. Os principais fatores destacados são as identidades das organizações regionais, interesses dos países exercendo liderança, a pressão de atores externos, e os efeitos do fenômeno de sobreposição de regionalismos (overlapping regionalism), ou seja, os efeitos dos compromissos derivados da participação em diversas organizações simultaneamente, que podem ter mandatos semelhantes, complementares ou contraditórios. Em termos da análise empírica, este artigo analisa os compromissos com a democracia na América do Sul com foco na OEA, no Mercosul, e na Unasul. O caso da crise democrática no Paraguai de 2012 é usado para ilustrar as possibilidades e limites do papel das organizações regionais.Palavras-chave: Organizações regionais. Cláusula democrática. OEA. Unasul. Mercosul. Paraguai. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
MUJERES PRIVADAS DE LIBERTAD: ¿es posible su reinserción social?
Authors: Espinoza Olga 
Published: August 2022

En las últimas décadas, la población femenina privada de libertad se ha incrementado de forma progresiva en la región latinoamericana. Ello ha generado una serie de problemas que han redundado en el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad en la ciudadanía. Bajo este escenario, resulta urgente identificar los perfiles y necesidades de este grupo, así como las particularidades a considerar en el diseño e implementación de programas de reinserción social efectivos luego de su paso por la cárcel. Para ello se analizará el contexto de privación de libertad en algunos países de América Latina, para luego relevar los atributos que singularizan a las mujeres privadas de libertad y que son tomados en cuenta en programas de reinserción que fomenten la reducción de la reincidencia delictiva de forma eficiente.Palabras-clave: Criminalidad femenina. Mujeres privadas de libertad. Prisiones. Reinserción. Reincidencia. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
BRASIL E MERCOSUL: rumos da integração na lógica do neodesenvolvimentismo (2003-2014)
Authors: Menezes Klemi Albene Miriam , Goulart Menezes Roberto 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo examina o processo de integração na América do Sul sob as premissas do neodesenvolvimen- tismo liderado pelo Brasil, no período de 2003 a 2014. Esse giro à esquerda vem acompanhado da preocu- pação com o crescimento econômico com justiça social, da defesa da integração regional sob as premissas pós-neoliberais, da inserção internacional com certo grau de autonomia e do revigoramento do papel do Estado para alcançar esses propósitos. A linha de abordagem do tema considera também a presença chinesa na região, particularmente sua aproximação com a Argentina e o Brasil. Objetiva-se apresentar subsídios para o esclarecimento das seguintes questões: essa estratégia de integração liderada pelo Brasil, em que pese a defesa da integração, alcançou intensificá-la? E qual o lugar da integração no giro à esquerda? A análise do tema pauta-se em documentos oficiais e na literatura especializada, numa perspectiva histórica.Palavras-chave: Mercosul. Integração regional. Neodesenvolvimentismo. Pós-neoliberalismo. China. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O TRABALHO NA CONFECÇÃO EM SÃO PAULO: as novas formas da precariedade
Authors: De Paula Leite Marcia , Roberta Alves Silva Sandra , Carvalho Guimarães Pilar 
Published: August 2022

RESUMOEste artigo analisa o trabalho no setor de confecção a partir de pesquisa realizada na cidade de São Paulo. Debruçando-se mais especificamente sobre o trabalho em domicílio e dos imigrantes, discutem-se as condições de trabalho no setor a partir da configuração das cadeias de valor e da divisão internacional do trabalho que ela promove, gerando uma nova dinâmica nas formas de precariedade que sempre marcaram o setor. O texto debate também o impacto do selo da Associação Brasileira do Varejo Têxtil (ABVTEX) sobre as condições do trabalho de costura nos domicílios e nas oficinas.THE WORK IN THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY IN SÃO PAULO: the new forms of precariousnessABSTRACTThis article analysis the work in the clothing sector based on a research made in the city of São Paulo. This article is focused specifically on home jobs and on the work of immigrants. It is discussed the working conditions in the sector from the configuration of value chains and from the international division of work that it promotes generating a new dynamics in the forms of precariousness that have always marked the sector. This study also discusses the impact of the Brazilian Textile Retail Association (ABVTEX) on the conditions of sewing workers at their homes and at factories.Key words: Work in home; Immigrate work; Global value chain; Work at clothing sector; Work analogous to slave work.LE TRAVAIL DANS L’INDUSTRIE DE CONFECTION À SÃO PAULO: des nouvelles formes de la precaritéABSTRACTCet article analyse le travail dans l’industrie du vêtement à partir d’une recherche menée à São Paulo. Il se concentre plus particulièrement sur le travail domestique et des immigrants, et débat les conditions de travail dans le secteur à partir de laconfiguration de la chaîne de valeur de ce secteur de l’industrie et de la division internationale du travail qu’elle favorise, en créant une nouvelle dynamique dans les formes de précarité qui a toujours marqué le secteur. Le texte débat aussi l’impact du certificat de l’Association brésilienne du textile (ABVTEX) sur les conditions de travail de couture dans les maisons et ateliers.Key words: Travailler domestique; Travailler immigrants; Chaîne de valeur mondiale; Travailler dans l’industrie de la couture; Le travail analogique à esclave
Impediments to the experience of being loved in psychotherapy
Authors: McDougall Ian 
Published: August 2022

There appears to be increasing acceptance amongst therapists that psychotherapy involves a 'cure through love', as first expressed ninety years ago by Sigmund Freud. Ferenzci, Suttie, Halmos, Laing, Yalom, Greben, Hobson, Lomas and Valliant are among those who have expressed this view. Closer to home Dr Eng-Kong Tan, analytic psychotherapist of Sydney, alluded to it with sensitivity and wisdom in his keynote address to the 1991 Annual Conference of NZAP. I think it is likely that Dr Maurice Bevan-Brown, whom we particularly honour in connection with the 50th anniversary of NZAP, would have concurred. It is certainly, in my reading, consistent with The Sources of Love and Fear, the little book he produced for a lay audience and first published in 1950. In a brief section on psychotherapy, good psychotherapy is based on providing the patient with 'a new and more adequate parent', and for Bevan-Brown a loving attitude is the essence of good parenting.
Psychotherapy as a post-modern art form
Authors: Daellenbach Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

As psychotherapists, we are expected to be familiar with a range of psychotherapeutic theories and techniques. The process of blending and integrating these different approaches brings richness to our work, while at the same time risking the loss of the truly unique culture which each therapy embodies. This paper will look at how we choose, in our moment-to-moment interactions, which therapeutic techniques we use, how we bring these techniques in line with our own intuition, and how, once a particular approach has been chosen, this choice influences the course of the therapy. How does a purist approach differ from an integrated approach- what are the advantages or possible pitfalls?
Geographic Accessibility and Availability of Radiotherapy in Ghana
Authors: Scott Aba Anoa , Polo Alfredo , Zubizarreta Eduardo , Akoto-Aidoo Charles , Edusa Clement , Osei-Bonsu Ernest , Yarney Joel , Dwobeng Bismark , Milosevic Michael , Rodin Danielle 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceRadiotherapy is critical for comprehensive cancer care, but there are large gaps in access. Within Ghana, data on radiotherapy availability and on the relationship between distance and access are unknown.ObjectivesTo estimate the gaps in radiotherapy machine availability in Ghana and to describe the association between distance and access to care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a cross-sectional, population-based study of radiotherapy delivery in Ghana in 2020 and model-based analysis of radiotherapy demand and the radiotherapy utilization rate (RUR) using the Global Task Force on Radiotherapy for Cancer Control investment framework.ExposuresReceipt of radiotherapy and the number of radiotherapy courses delivered.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGeocoded location of patients receiving external beam radiotherapy (EBRT); median Euclidean distance from the district centroids to the nearest radiotherapy centers; proportion of population living within geographic buffer zones of 100, 150, and 200 km; additional capacity required for optimal utilization; and geographic accessibility after strategic location of a radiotherapy facility in an underserviced region.ResultsA total of 2883 patients underwent EBRT courses in 2020, with an actual RUR of 11%. Based on an optimal RUR of 48%, 11 524 patients had an indication for radiotherapy, indicating that only 23% of patients received treatment. An investment of 23 additional EBRT machines would be required to meet demand. The median Euclidean distance from the district centroids to the nearest radiotherapy facility was 110.6 km (range, 0.62-513.2 km). The proportion of the total population living within a radius of 100, 150 and 200 km of a radiotherapy facility was 47%, 61% and 70%, respectively. A new radiotherapy facility in the northern regional capital would reduce the median of Euclidean distance by 10% to 99.4 km (range, 0.62-267.7 km) and increase proportion of the total population living within a radius of 100, 150 and 200 km to 53%, 69% and 84%, respectively. The greatest benefit was seen in regions in the northern half of Ghana.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of geographic accessibility and availability of radiotherapy, Ghana had major national deficits of radiotherapy capacity, with significant geographic disparities among regions. Well-planned infrastructure scale-up that accounts for the population distribution could improve radiotherapy accessibility.
Supporting Lactation in Otolaryngology Patients Through Medication Optimization, Radiology Considerations, and More
Authors: Elder Emily , Pianosi Kiersten , Lawlor Claire M. , Graham M. Elise 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceThe benefits of breastfeeding are well established, with the American Academy of Pediatrics and Canadian guidelines recommending exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. However, maternal hospitalization, illness, medication use, and poor support can result in early termination of breastfeeding. Caring for breastfeeding patients in otolaryngology is a challenge because of the lack of literature regarding otolaryngology-specific medication safety, patient concerns, and inadequate education among otolaryngologists. This review highlights recent literature regarding lactation in otolaryngology patients, including medication, radiologic imaging, perioperative considerations, and subspecialty-specific considerations for lactating patients.ObservationsThe majority of common medications used in general otolaryngology are safe for breastfeeding patients, including antihistamines, mucolytics, antitussives, antifungals, and decongestants. Certain analgesics and anti-inflammatories, such as tramadol, are not preferred in breastfeeding individuals. Some subspeciality-specific medications such as biologics (dupilumab) and methotrexate should be avoided. Lactating patients require special perioperative attention to ensure that optimal patient care is provided, such as managing supply, considering length of surgery, managing postoperative pain, and determining the safe amount of time until an infant can be fed.Conclusions and RelevanceMost medications can be safely used with lactating patients. If physicians are unsure about a medication’s safety, they should consult appropriate resources prior to recommending breastfeeding cessation or to discard pumped milk.
Dosimetric evaluation of respiratory gating on a 0.35‐T magnetic resonance–guided radiotherapy linac
Authors: Charters John A. , Abdulkadir Yasin , O'Connell Dylan , Yang Yingli , Lamb James M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe commercial 0.35‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided radiotherapy vendor ViewRay recently introduced upgraded real‐time imaging frame rates based on compressed sensing techniques. Furthermore, additional motion tracking algorithms were made available. Compressed sensing allows for increased image frame rates but may compromise image quality. To assess the impact of this upgrade on respiratory gating accuracy, we evaluated gated dose distributions pre‐ and post‐upgrade using a motion phantom and radiochromic film.MethodsSeven motion waveforms (four artificial, two patient‐derived free‐breathing, and one breath‐holding) were used to drive an MRI‐compatible motion phantom. A treatment plan was developed to deliver a 3‐cm diameter spherical dose distribution typical of a stereotactic body radiotherapy plan. Gating was performed using 4‐frames per second (fps) imaging pre‐upgrade on the “default” tracking algorithm and 8‐fps post‐upgrade using the “small mobile targets” (SMT) and “large deforming targets” (LDT) tracking algorithms. Radiochromic film was placed in a moving insert within the phantom to measure dose. The planned and delivered dose distributions were compared using the gamma index with 3%/3‐mm criteria. Dose–area histograms were produced to calculate the dose to 95% (D95) of the sphere planning target volume (PTV) and two simulated gross tumor volumes formed by contracting the PTV by 3 and 5 mm, respectively.ResultsGamma pass rates ranged from 18% to 93% over the 21 combinations of breathing trace and gating conditions examined. D95 ranged from 206 to 514 cGy. On average, the LDT algorithm yielded lower gamma and D95 values than the default and SMT algorithms.ConclusionRespiratory gating at 8 fps with the new tracking algorithms provides similar gating performance to the original algorithm with 4 fps, although the LDT algorithm had lower accuracy for our non‐deformable target. This indicates that the choice of deformable image registration algorithm should be chosen deliberately based on whether the target is rigid or deforming.
Accelerating Protonation Kinetics for Ammonia Electrosynthesis on Single Iron Sites Embedded in Carbon with Intrinsic Defects
Authors: Kong Yan , Wu Lei , Yang Xiaoxuan , Li Yan , Zheng Sixing , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Zhang Qinghua , Zhou Shaodong , Lei Lecheng , Wu Gang , Hou Yang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrocatalysts play a vital role in electroreduction of N2 to NH3 (NRR); however, large‐scale industrial application of electrochemical NRR is still limited by low selectivity and poor activity, owing to the sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a high‐performance NRR catalyst consisting of atomically dispersed iron single site embedded in porous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers with abundant carbon defects (D‐FeN/C) is reported. The D‐FeN/C catalyst achieves a remarkably high NH3 yield rate of ≈24.8 µg h−1 mgcat−1 and Faradaic efficiency of 15.8% at −0.4 V in alkaline electrolyte, which outperforms almost all reported Fe‐based NRR catalysts. Structural characterization manifests that the isolated Fe center is coordinated with four N atoms and assisted by extra carbon defects. In situ attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared results and kinetics isotope effects demonstrate that the intrinsic carbon defects dramatically enhance the water dissociation process and accelerate the protonation kinetics of D‐FeN/C for NRR. Theoretical investigations unveil atomic Fe‐N4 catalytic sites together with intrinsic carbon defects synergistically reduce the energy barrier of the protonation process and promote the proton‐coupled reaction kinetics, thus boosting the whole NRR catalytic performance.
A Microchambers Containing Contact Lens for the Noninvasive Detection of Tear Exosomes
Authors: Li Shaopei , Zhu Yangzhi , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Kawakita Satoru , Guan Shenghan , Chen Jianjun , Li Zijie , Mandal Kalpana , Bahari Jamal , Shah Shilp , Guo Juchen , Kang Heemin , Sun Wujin , Kim Han‐Jun , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Kollbaum Pete , Lee Chi Hwan , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExosomes, a form of small extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in the metastasis of cancers and thus are investigated as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional detection methods like immune‐based assay and microRNA analyses are expensive and require tedious pretreatments and lengthy analysis time. Since exosomes related to cancers are reported to exist in tears, a poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lens embedded with antibody‐conjugated signaling microchambers (ACSM‐PCL) capable of detecting tear exosomes is reported. The ACSM‐PCL exhibits high optical transparency and mechanical properties, along with extraordinary biocompatibility and good sensitivity to exosomes. A gold nanoparticle colorimetric assay is employed to visualize captured exosomes. The ACSM‐PCL can detect exosomes in the pH range of 6.5–7.4 (similar to the human tear pH) and have a strong recovery yield in bovine serum albumin solutions. In particular, the ACSM‐PCL can detect exosomes in various solutions, including regular buffer, cell culture media from various cell lines, and human tears. Finally, the ACSM‐PCL can differentiate expression of exosome surface proteins hypothesized as cancer biomarkers. With these encouraging results, this ACSM‐PCL is promised to be the next generation smart contact lens as an easy‐to‐use, rapid, noninvasive monitoring platform of cancer pre‐screening and supportive diagnosis.
Atomic Layer Deposited RuO2 Diffusion Barrier for Next Generation Ru‐Interconnects
Authors: Kim Youn‐Hye , Kim Minsu , Kotsugi Yohei , Cheon Taehoon , Mohapatra Debananda , Jang Yujin , Bae Jong‐Seong , Hong Tae Eun , Ramesh Rahul , An Ki‐Seok , Kim Soo‐Hyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a suitable technology for conformally depositing thin films on nanometer‐scale 3D structures. RuO2 is a promising diffusion barrier for Ru interconnects owing to its compatibility with Ru ALD and its remarkable diffusion barrier properties. Herein, a RuO2 diffusion barrier using an ALD process is developed. The highly reactive Ru precursor [tricarbonyl(trimethylenemethane)ruthenium] and improved O2 supply enable RuO2 deposition. The optimal process conditions [pulsing time ratio (tO2/tRu): 10, process pressure: 1 Torr, temperature: 180 °C] are established for the RuO2 growth. Growth parameters, such as the growth rate (0.56 Å cycle–1), nucleation delay (incubation period: 6 cycles), and conformality (step coverage: 100%), are also confirmed on the SiO2 substrate. The structural and electrical properties of the Ru/RuO2/Si multilayer are investigated to explore the diffusion barrier performance of the ALD‐RuO2 film. The formation of Ru silicide does not occur without the conductivity degradation of the Ru/RuO2/Si multilayer with an increase in the annealing temperature up to 850 °C, thus demonstrating that interdiffusion of Ru and Si is completely suppressed by a thin (5 nm) ALD‐RuO2 film. Consequently, the practical growth behavior and diffusion barrier performance of RuO2 can serve as a potential diffusion barrier for Ru interconnects.
All Solution‐Processed High Performance Pure‐Blue Perovskite Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Aqiang , Bi Chenghao , Tian Jianjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolution‐processed light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) show great potential for low‐cost fabrication of large‐area display panels, but the efficient perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) cannot be achieved by all solution process, because the perovskite emitter is easily destroyed by subsequent solution. In particular, the solution‐processed PeLEDs with blue emission wavelength in 460–470 nm (pure‐blue, meeting Rec. 2020 standards) still is inferior. Here, highly efficient and stable pure‐blue PeLEDs are achieved by all solution process based on colloidal perovskite quantum dots and difunctional ZnO (D‐ZnO) nanocrystals. The D‐ZnO nanocrystals are obtained by a ligand strategy of phenethylammonium bromide, which not only repairs the perovskite surface destroyed by the solvent of the D‐ZnO solution, but also enables the balanced charge injection to suppress Auger recombination. The PeLED presented pure‐blue emitting at 470 nm wavelength, a maximum luminance of 11 100 cd m‐2, and external quantum efficiency of 8.7% (record efficiency for pure‐blue emission). The device also showed a continuous operation half‐lifetime of 35 h at luminance of 100 cd m‐2.
Dual‐Scale Integration Design of Sn–ZnO Catalyst toward Efficient and Stable CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Ren Bohua , Zhang Zhen , Wen Guobin , Zhang Xiaowen , Xu Mi , Weng Yueying , Nie Yihang , Dou Haozhen , Jiang Yi , Deng Ya‐Ping , Sun Guiru , Luo Dan , Shui Lingling , Wang Xin , Feng Ming , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction to CO is a potential sustainable strategy for alleviating CO2 emission and producing valuable fuels. In the quest to resolve its current problems of low‐energy efficiency and insufficient durability, a dual‐scale design strategy is proposed by implanting a non‐noble active Sn–ZnO heterointerface inside the nanopores of high‐surface‐area carbon nanospheres (Sn–ZnO@HC). The metal d‐bandwidth tuning of Sn and ZnO alters the extent of substrate–molecule orbital mixing, facilitating the breaking of the *COOH intermediate and the yield of CO. Furthermore, the confinement effect of tailored nanopores results in a beneficial pH distribution in the local environment around the Sn–ZnO nanoparticles and protects them against leaching and aggregating. Through integrating electronic and nanopore‐scale control, Sn–ZnO@HC achieves a quite low potential of −0.53 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with 91% Faradaic efficiency for CO and an ultralong stability of 240 h. This work provides proof of concept for the multiscale design of electrocatalysts.