bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partnering with support persons and clinicians to improve the health care experiences of patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Brown Catherine , Shahid Shaouli , Bernardes Christina M. , Toombs Maree , Clark Paul J. , Powell Elizabeth E. , Valery Patricia C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the care experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians diagnosed with cirrhosis with a focus on support needed.BackgroundCirrhosis disproportionately affects Indigenous Australians, and liver diseases contribute to the mortality gap between Indigenous and other Australian adults.DesignA qualitative study.MethodsUsing yarning methods, Indigenous patients (n = 13) and support persons (n = 3) were interviewed by an Aboriginal researcher during April‐July, 2020. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes using an inductive approach.ResultsSix themes emerged. (1) Experience of diagnosis. This theme included stories of delays in the system, self‐awareness of signs and symptoms and relief of being diagnosed. (2) ‘Shame, shame, shame’. Experiences of prejudices and discrimination from health professionals, the lack of understanding of cirrhosis among health professionals, and stories about alcohol cessation and counselling around alcohol cessation. (3) Health literacy. Participants’ understanding of cirrhosis was variable. While the importance of knowledge was recognised, ‘what works for someone might not work for others’. Several patients partnered with their support persons and clinicians to bridge the health literacy gap. (4) Sources of support included family and friends, transport facilities, health professionals and peers. (5) Positive and negative aspects of communication and patient consultation were discussed. (6) Psychosocial counselling to ‘look after the caring side’. The need for more mental health care services was raised.ConclusionBarriers related to poor health literacy, stigma and lack of practical and emotional support, and issues with communication and patient consultation, may lead to inequitable access to cirrhosis care and treatment for Indigenous Australians.Relevance to clinical practiceGaining knowledge of the experiences of Indigenous Australians with cirrhosis is important for providing patient‐centred and culturally appropriate care. Liver specialist nurses have an important role in bridging the health literacy gap and in supporting Indigenous patients and families.
Systematic review of randomized control trials into effective preoperative weight loss interventions and impact on surgical outcomes for major benign gynecological surgery
Authors: Atkinson Andrea , Pass Glenn , Megaw Lauren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsLimited information exists on what preoperative weight loss interventions (lifestyle, pharmacological, surgical) are effective in improving outcomes of elective, nononcological, gynecological surgery. Obesity rates are increasing and associated with poorer operative outcomes. We aimed to identify high quality studies into preoperative weight loss interventions and perform a systematic review of the literature to guide recommendations for reducing gynecological surgical complications and guide future research. Primary outcomes were mortality and surgical complications including conversion to open surgery, duration of surgery, and recovery.MethodsThe review was pre‐registered with PROPSERO. A systematic search was undertaken of the major electronic bibliographic databases. Search results were compiled and abstracts of studies identified before application of the Cochrane highly sensitive search strategy (CHSSS) were reviewed. Full text of studies after application of the CHSSS were evaluated for suitability. For data collection and analysis, a minimum three high‐quality randomized control trials were required to synthesize data in relation to the primary outcome.ResultsNo trials met the inclusion criteria. No randomized control trials in gynecological cohorts were identified. Studies in gynecology‐oncology were excluded due to the confounding nature of weight loss as a feature of illness as opposed to health optimization.ConclusionThere is limited evidence regarding preoperative weight loss interventions in gynecology. Further research is needed as the prevalence of obesity among women is increasing and definitive surgical management options in gynecology remain essential.PROSPERO registration ID: 165643.
Development of Mexico's natural gas market: A review of key policies from 1995 to 2018
Authors: Duhalt Adrián 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver a span of two and a half decades, natural gas has come to be considered the top fuel source in Mexico's energy blend, and as such, a series of reforms and policies have been implemented. The liberalization of Mexico's natural gas market began in the mid‐1990s, with the goal to respond to prospective demand increases. Yet, the policies failed to upgrade transport capabilities, local sources of supply, and competition in core areas of the value chain—leading to inefficiencies like supply restrictions and infrastructure bottlenecks that emerged toward the end of the 2000s and early 2010s. Mexico's growing demand went hand in hand with a persistent decrease in domestic production throughout the 2010s, the country became dependent on imports—principally from the United States—, and natural gas has become the most pressing issue in terms of energy security. The 2013–2014 energy reforms entailed an additional generation of structural amendments that sought to address these adverse conditions and create a more efficient market. While progress was achieved by 2018, mostly on the institutional front, the country remained heavily dependent on US supply. This article focuses on relevant policy considerations that have shaped the development trajectory of Mexico's natural gas market from 1995 to 2018.
Trends in the inpatient burden of alcohol‐related liver disease among women hospitalized in the United States
Authors: Bertha Madeline , Shedden Kerby , Mellinger Jessica 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States, but disparities for women with ALD exist. We sought to characterize trends in ALD hospitalizations and mortality among women. Using the National Inpatient Sample, we evaluated ALD and non‐ALD discharges from 2003 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate mortality. ALD increased more rapidly among women, with alcohol hepatitis (AH) rising the most. When stratified by age and sex, changes in alcohol‐related cirrhosis (AC) and AH were greater in women in nearly all age groups. Similar increases were present when stratified by race, notably for Native American and Asian women. AH mortality increased in women in almost all age groups. While ALD remains predominantly male, discharges and mortality have disproportionately increased among women, particularly in young women and Native Americans. These findings shed light on populations in need of intensive public health interventions.
The energy cost of repairing photoinactivated photosystem II: an experimental determination in cotton leaf discs
Authors: Yi Xiao‐Ping , Yao He‐Sheng , Fan Da‐Yong , Zhu Xin‐Guang , Losciale Pasquale , Zhang Ya‐Li , Zhang Wang‐Feng , Chow Wah Soon 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Photosystem II (PSII), which splits water molecules at minimal excess photochemical potential, is inevitably photoinactivated during photosynthesis, resulting in compromised photosynthetic efficiency unless it is repaired. The energy cost of PSII repair is currently uncertain, despite attempts to calculate it.

We experimentally determined the energy cost of repairing each photoinactivated PSII in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaves, which are capable of repairing PSII in darkness.

As an upper limit, 24 000 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules (including any guanosine triphosphate synthesized at the expense of ATP) were required to repair one entire PSII complex. Further, over a 7‐h illumination period at 526–1953 μmol photons m−2 s−1, the ATP requirement for PSII repair was on average up to 4.6% of the ATP required for the gross carbon assimilation.

Each of these two measures of ATP requirement for PSII repair is two‐ to three‐fold greater than the respective reported calculated value. Possible additional energy sinks in the PSII repair cycle are discussed.
24‐nt phasiRNAs move from tapetal to meiotic cells in maize anthers
Authors: Zhou Xue , Huang Kun , Teng Chong , Abdelgawad Ahmed , Batish Mona , Meyers Blake C. , Walbot Virginia 
Published: April 2022

Summary

In maize, 24‐nt phased, secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are abundant in meiotic stage anthers, but their distribution and functions are not precisely known.

Using laser capture microdissection, we analyzed tapetal cells, meiocytes and other somatic cells at several stages of anther development to establish the timing of 24‐PHAS precursor transcripts and the 24‐nt phasiRNA products.

By integrating RNA and small RNA profiling plus single‐molecule and small RNA FISH (smFISH or sRNA‐FISH) spatial detection, we demonstrate that the tapetum is the primary site of 24‐PHAS precursor and Dcl5 transcripts and the resulting 24‐nt phasiRNAs. Interestingly, 24‐nt phasiRNAs accumulate in all cell types, with the highest levels in meiocytes, followed by tapetum.

Our data support the conclusion that 24‐nt phasiRNAs are mobile from tapetum to meiocytes and to other somatic cells. We discuss possible roles for 24‐nt phasiRNAs in anther cell types.
OPN N‐glycosylation promoted bone destruction
Authors: Dong Ming , Sun Qiannan , Yu Xinxin , Sui Linlin , Xu Yuefei , Kong Hui , Kong Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesExploring the role of OPN N‐glycosylation in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of OPN in mice with apical periodontitis. The asparagine at position 79 of the OPN protein was mutated to glutamine, and the above plasmids were transfected into osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effect of OPN N‐glycosylation on proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts was detected by CCK8 assays. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of OPN N‐glycosylation on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Detection of N‐glycosylation of OPN activated the NF‐κB signaling pathway to regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts.ResultsOPN increased the expression in a mice model of apical periodontitis. The expression curve of OPN resembled a reverse V shape. The OPN N‐glycosylation site was identified as 79 by MS. N‐glycosylation of OPN promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts. But the N79 glycosylation site of mutant OPN could not increase the proliferation of osteoblasts. OPN N‐glycosylation modulated the expression of osteoclast‐ and osteoblast‐associated factors through the NF‐κB signaling pathway. N‐glycosylation of OPN promoted nuclear translocation of NF‐κB in osteoclasts and osteoblasts.ConclusionsThe N‐glycosylation site of OPN is 79. N‐glycosylation of OPN played an important role in the biological function of OPN protein.
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Implant Osseointegration of Titanium Screws: An Animal Experimental Study
Authors: Xiao Lei , Zhou Yi‐juan , Jiang Ya‐bin , Tam Man Seng , Cheang Lek Hang , Wang Hua‐jun , Zha Zhen‐gang , Zheng Xiao‐fei 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on implant osseointegration of titanium screws.MethodsSixty rats were randomly divided into a DM group and a control group (each group, n = 30). DM group rats were injected with 1% Streptozotocin solution at 65 mg/kg to establish a DM model. Titanium screws were implanted into the rats' distal femurs in both groups. The rats were sacrificed for micro‐CT scanning, micro‐indentation, biomechanical detection, confocal Raman microspectroscopy, and histological and histomorphometric analysis at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post‐implantation, respectively. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein expression of the related growth factors around the implant were analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blots.ResultsAt 4, 8 and 12 weeks, micro‐CT scanning, hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, Gieson's acid‐magenta staining, and fluorescent labeled staining showed disorder in the bone tissue arrangement, a lack of new bone tissue, poor maturity and continuity, and poor trabecular bone parameters around the implant in the DM group. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the interfacial bone binding rate in the DM group was significantly lower (16.2% ± 4.8%, 25.7% ± 5.7%, 42.5% ± 5.8%, respectively) than that in the control group (23.6% ± 5.2%, 40.8% ± 6.3%, 64.2% ± 7.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). At 8 and 12 weeks, the elastic modulus (17.0 ± 1.8 and 15.1 ± 1.5 GPa, respectively) and trabecular bone hardness (571 ± 39 and 401 ± 37 MPa, respectively) in the DM group were significantly lower than the elastic modulus (23.4 ± 2.3 and 23.8 ± 1.8 GPa, respectively) and trabecular bone hardness (711 ± 45 and 719 ± 46 MPa, respectively) in the control group (P < 0.05). The maximum load required for the prosthesis pull‐out experiment in the DM group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (55.14 ± 6.74 N, 73.34 ± 8.43 N, and 83.45 ± 8.32 N, respectively) was significantly lower than that in the control group (77.45 ± 7.48 N, 93.28 ± 8.29 N, and 123.62 ± 9.43 N, respectively, P < 0.05). At 8 and 12 weeks, the mineral‐to‐collagen ratio in the DM group (6.56 % ± 1.35% and 4.45%± 1.25%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in the control group (5.31% ± 1.42% and 3.62% ± 1.33%, respectively, P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, mRNA and protein expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2, transforming growth factor‐β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and runt‐related transcription factor 2 in the DM group were significantly lower than that in the control group.ConclusionsDM can negatively affect bone osseointegration, manifesting as disorder in bone tissue arrangement around the implant, a lack of new bone tissue, poor maturity and continuity, poor trabecular bone parameters and lower expression of the related growth factors.
Pediatric lower limb peripheral nerve blocks: Indications, effectiveness, and the incidence of adverse events
Authors: Frawley Geoff , Marchesini Vanessa , Loh Brian , Koziol James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWhile the proportion of pediatric anesthetics with regional anesthesia in pediatric patients has steadily increased, there are only a few series that describe the use of lower limb peripheral nerve blocks in children. Our aim was to describe the indications, anesthetic approach, and complications associated with lower limb blocks in children undergoing orthopedic surgery in a center with a large caseload of complex patients.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, we reviewed children who had a peripheral nerve block for orthopedic surgery placed between January 2016 and January 2021 at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Block data were sourced from the electronic medical record and departmental regional anesthesia database. Data collected included demographics, the site of catheter placement and technique of nerve block, presence of sensory/motor blockade, the use of perioperative opioids, and any complications related to peripheral nerve block.ResultsA total of 1438 blocks were performed in 1058 patients. Four patients had clinical features of perioperative neurological injury giving an incidence of 3 per 1000 blocks (95% CI 1.1–8:1000). Only one patient had a sensory deficit persisting longer than 6 months for an incidence of 0.8 per 1000 blocks (95% CI 0.1–5:1000). All four peripheral nerve injury followed tibial osteotomy for lengthening procedures or correction of tibial torsion. The etiology of the injury could not be determined despite imaging and surgical exploration and the contribution of popliteal sciatic nerve block to the subsequent PNI could not be confirmed. There were no cases of local anesthetic systemic toxicity.ConclusionAn increased risk of perioperative peripheral nerve injury is associated with pediatric tibial osteotomy for congenital deformity. While popliteal sciatic nerve block was not directly implicated in the nerve injury the presence of a prolonged sensory block can delay early recognition and treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
The magnification effect in global value chains
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Mukunoki Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examine the “magnification effect,” which demonstrates that as the number of separable production stages increases, trade increases dramatically as trade costs decline. We empirically investigate the existence of this magnification effect by estimating gravity‐type equations for worldwide trade to obtain the tariff elasticity of trade per industry. We find that tariff elasticity is higher in industries with a greater degree of global value chain participation. These results are observed for both gross and value‐added trade. Furthermore, we find that tariff elasticity is higher in intra‐Asian trade, especially in machinery industries.
Improving Cardio-Mechanic Inference by Combining in Vivo Strain Data with Ex Vivo Volume–Pressure Data
Authors: Lazarus Alan , Gao Hao , Luo Xiaoyu , Husmeier Dirk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCardio-mechanic models show substantial promise for improving personalised diagnosis and disease risk prediction. However, estimating the constitutive parameters from strains extracted from in vivo cardiac magnetic resonance scans can be challenging. The reason is that circumferential strains, which are comparatively easy to extract, are not sufficiently informative to uniquely estimate all parameters, while longitudinal and radial strains are difficult to extract at high precision. In the present study, we show how cardio-mechanic parameter inference can be improved by incorporating prior knowledge from population-wide ex vivo volume–pressure data. Our work is based on an empirical law known as the Klotz curve. We propose and assess two alternative methodological frameworks for integrating ex vivo data via the Klotz curve into the inference framework, using both a non-empirical and empirical prior distribution.
Red blood cell transfusion burden in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with ring Sideroblasts (RS): A retrospective multicenter study by the Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies (GFM)
Authors: Jouzier Claire , Cherait Amina , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Hamel Jean‐François , Veloso Melanie , Thepot Sylvain , Cluzeau Thomas , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Garnier Alice , Guerci‐Bresler Agnès , Dimicoli‐Salazar Sophie , Pica Gian Matteo , Cheze Stéphane , Santana Clémence , Chermat Fatiha , Fenaux Pierre , Park Sophie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMDS‐RS patients are characterized by chronic anemia and a low risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) progression and they generally become Red Blood Cell (RBC) transfusion dependent (TD).Study design and methodsWe performed a retrospective “real‐life” observational study of 6 months in 100 MDS‐RS TD patients, recruited in 12 French centers, to describe transfusion characteristics, and evaluate the frequency and causes of hospitalizations, health costs, and morbidity, associated with transfusion dependency, in a French population of RBC transfusion‐dependent MDS‐RS patients.Results79% of the patients had high transfusion burden (HTB) and 21% low transfusion burden (LTB). HTB patients had a longer disease duration (6 vs. 3.7 years, p = 0.0078), more frequent iron chelation (82% vs. 50%, p = 0.0052) and higher serum ferritin (p = 0.03). During the 6‐month study period, 22% of the patients required inpatient hospitalization, 36% of them for symptomatic anemia requiring emergency RBC transfusion. The 6‐month median transfusion costs, including the cost of the day care facility, transportation to and from the hospital, iron chelation, and lab tests, was 16,188€/patient.DiscussionMDS‐RS represents the archetypal type of chronically transfused lower‐risk MDS. Most of those patients have a high transfusion burden and thus frequently need visits to the hospital's day care facility, and frequent hospitalizations, with an overall high median treatment cost. Those costs should be compared with costs of new treatments potentially able to avoid RBC transfusion dependence and to reduce the complications of chronic anemia in MDS‐RS patients.
Excretory urographic, ultrasonographic, and cystoscopic characteristics of urinary bladder abscesses in a dog
Authors: Carneiro Rafael K. , Pereira Tainara , Brun Maurício V. , da Cruz Igor C. , Antunes Bernardo N. , Pozzobon Ricardo , Feliciano Marcus R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 7‐year‐old male neutered, 6.5 kg, Maltese breed dog was referred with a history of dysuria after undergoing two cystotomies to remove calcium oxalate uroliths. Survey radiographs were inconclusive. Excretory urography allowed visualization of two filling defects in the cranioventral urinary bladder region. Ultrasonography showed urinary bladder sediments, a diffusely thickened wall, and two circumscribed intramural/intraluminal structures with an anechoic interior and a smooth and regular surface. The cystoscopic diagnosis was urinary bladder abscesses and urine cultures were positive for Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial/anti‐inflammatory therapy was started with good clinical outcomes and negative culture after 21 days.
Origaker: A Novel Multi-Mimicry Quadruped Robot Based on a Metamorphic Mechanism
Authors: Tang Zhao , Wang Kun , Spyrakos-Papastavridis Emmanouil , Dai Jian S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents the Origaker, a novel multi-mimicry quadruped robot. Based on a single-loop spatial metamorphic mechanism, the Origaker is able to transform between different working modes, as the reptile-, arthropod-, and mammal-like modes, without disassembly and reassembly. The combination of the metamorphic mechanism and the quadruped robot enables the Origaker to pitch vertically, twist horizontally, and change the positional correlation between the trunk and legs. In consideration of its reconfigurability and structure adaptability, gaits and movement strategies, namely, the fast spinning gait, the stair climbing gait, the self-recovery, packaging, and crawling through narrow spaces and right-angled bends, were proposed and analyzed, demonstrating that the metamorphic mechanism provides the robot with enhanced locomotivity. Finally, a prototype was developed and experimentally tested. The experiment demonstrates that the robot can crawl over various surfaces, execute the designed gaits and strategies on different terrains, and conquer challenging obstacles.
Buoyancy-Driven Mixed Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer in a Tilted Vented Cavity
Authors: Prakash Om , Singh S. N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to determine the impact of tilt angle on buoyancy-driven mixed convection coupled to surface radiation heat transfer inside a vented cavity. The present investigation might be rationalized in the thermal design of the electronic equipment housing, solar collector receiver, regenerative heating/cooling system, etc. Keeping the constant ventilation size and its location, the tilt angle measured from horizontal is varied from 0 deg to 90 deg with the increment of 15 deg. The experimental investigation comprising planner symmetry is complemented with the two-dimensional numerical study incorporating the range of Rayleigh number from 7.21 × 108 to 1.75 × 109, Reynolds number from 665 to 9931, Richardson number from 20.1 to 2283.4, and the surface emissivity from 0.05 to 0.85. The results signify that the convective Nusselt number enhances significantly at the optimum tilt angle of 90 deg, whereas the moderate increment in radiative Nusselt number is found at the optimum tilt angle of 0 deg. Based on the obtained experimental data, the empirical correlations of the average convective Nusselt number and dimensionless temperature are developed in terms of Reynolds number, Richardson number, and tilt angle.