bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Multifunctional Membrane Coated Electrocatalysts
Authors: Labrador Natalie Yumiko , Esposito Daniel V 
Published: January 2022

Electrocatalysts are essential components in many emerging electrochemical technologies due to their ability to efficiently facilitate the interconversion between electrical and chemical energy. However, significant improvements in the stability, activity, and selectivity of state-of-the-art electrocatalysts must be made if these technologies are going to play a major role in a sustainable energy future. The vast majority of electrocatalysts used in today’s commercial devices are comprised of metallic nanoparticles or thin films that are deposited onto a conductive support and partially exposed to the bulk electrolyte. By contrast, this work has explored an alternate electrocatalyst architecture in which the active electrocatalyst has been encapsulated by an ultrathin permeable overlayer. Specifically, we encapsulate Pt nanoparticle and thin film electrocatalysts with 2-20 nm thick layers of silicon oxide (SiOx) fabricated using a room temperature deposition process.[1] Through a combination of physical characterization and electroanalytical measurements, we show that these permeable overlayers can serve as nano-scale membranes that provide significant benefits for stabilizing Pt nanoparticles and imparting advanced catalytic functionalities such as poison-resistance. This work has focused on SiOx-encapsulated Pt thin films electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction, but the membrane coated electrocatalyst architecture also has great potential as a tunable platform that can be extended to many other materials and chemistries.
[1] N. Y. Labrador, X. Li, Y. Liu, J. T. Koberstein, R. Wang, H. Tan, T. P. Moffat, and D. V. Esposito, Nano Letters, 16, 6452-6459, 2016.
Effect of Continuous Care Combined with Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Based on a Continuing Care Health Platform on MBI and FMA Scores of Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Yingying Pan , Zang Lixin , Wang Xiaojie , Yang Xiuqin 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective. The study was carried out under the background that out-of-hospital rehabilitation of acute stroke patients is of great importance for the recovery of nerve and limb functions. We aimed to investigate the effects of continuous nursing combined with CIMT by a health platform on the limb motor function and quality of life in acute stroke patients. Methods. 68 acute stroke patients admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 were selected as the study participants and divided into group A and group B based on the odd and even numbers of their admission numbers, with 34 cases in each group. Patients in group B accepted the routine rehabilitation exercise, while patients in group A accepted the continuous care combined with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) under a health platform, so as to compare their upper limb function recovery by the Fugl–Meyer assessment (FMA) and improved median Barthel index (MBI). Results. The general information of the two groups were not obviously different (

P

> 0.05) but comparable; after intervention, the FMA scores (38.42 ± 7.62 vs 31.22 ± 7.25) and MBI scores (78.63 ± 6.52 vs 70.24 ± 6.48) of patients in group A were significantly higher than those of group B (

P

< 0.001); the activities of daily living (ADL) and trunk control test (TCT) scores at T1, T2, and T3 of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (

P

< 0.05); at 6 months after discharge, the self-concept, self-care skills, self-care, self-responsibility, health knowledge level, and total ability scores of patients in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (

P

< 0.05); the Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOL-74) scores after intervention of the two groups were significantly higher than those before intervention (

P

< 0.05) and those of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (72.13 ± 4.69 vs 63.19 ± 4.72;

P

< 0.05); when comparing with group B, group A presented significantly higher walking speed and gait period and lower support phase (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. The combination of continuous care and CIMT under a health platform can effectively promote the rehabilitation of upper limb functions and improve the activities of daily living and trunk control for acute stroke patients, with an effect better than conventional rehabilitation exercises, which is worthy of promotion.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Reinforced Waste Buffing Dust Based Composite Insole and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Dey Thuhin K. , Hossain Arman , Jamal Mamun , Layek Rama K. , Uddin Md. Elias 
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research is to use zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) combined with buffing dust to develop footwear insole with antibacterial properties. In addition, performance analysis (mechanical, chemical, and thermal) of fabricated insole is also the integral consideration of this study. With such aim, antimicrobial composite insoles were fabricated via simple solution mixing of ZnONPs and natural rubber latex (NRL) binder along with buffing dusts with optimum ratio. Then, removal of water was considered by mechanical pressing followed by natural drying in sunlight. The chemical bonding and material interactions of composites were investigated using FT-IR and XRD, respectively. TGA analysis confirmed the thermal stability of composites, while SEM and OTR are elucidating the surface morphology and gas barrier properties, respectively. Tensile strength, elongation, flexibility, hardness, and water absorption of prepared composite with optimum NRL content were increased by 39, 31, 30, 38, and 28%, respectively. Finally, 78% antimicrobial performance was achieved against the suspension of (

1.5
×

10

6

CFU
/
mL

) bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus.
Effect of Implant Angulation on the Rotational Displacement of a 3-Unit Bridge after Digital Impression
Authors: Arshad Mahnaz , Asgari Amirmohsen , Kharazifard Mohamad Javad , Ameri Narges 
Published: January 2022

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the effect of implant angulation on the rotational displacement of a 3-unit bridge following a digital impression. Materials and Methods. This in vitro experimental study evaluated 3 master models of the maxilla with Kennedy’s class III partial edentulism and bilateral three-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures. Two implants were placed with 0° (first model), 15° (second model), and 30° (third model) interimplant angles. The implants were placed bilaterally at the sites of first premolars and first molars from the posterior towards the anterior region and coded A (posterior) and B (anterior) in the left, and C (posterior) and D (anterior) in the right side. Next, their position was recorded using a coordinate measuring machine to serve as a reference. The models were then scanned by both 3Shape and Sirona digital scanners (12 times by each scanner). The obtained data were compared with the reference data three-dimensionally using GOM Inspect software to determine the rotational displacement of the implants. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test (

P

< 0.05). Results. Since repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the interaction effect was significant (

P

= 0.010), the data were analyzed by subgroup analysis. The 3Shape scanner showed significantly higher accuracy for C-D region in model 2 (

P

= 0.001), and A-B region in model 1 (

P

≤ 0.01). In the use of the 3Shape scanner, model 3 showed a lower error rate in the A-B region, compared with models 1 and 2. Model 1 showed higher error rate than models 2 and 3 in the C-D region (

P

≤ 0.01). In the use of the Sirona scanner, model 1 showed a higher error rate than models 2 (

P

= 0.031) and 3 (

P

= 0.004) in the C-D region. Conclusion. In digital impressions of angulated implants in 3-unit bridges by using 3Shape and Sirona scanners, the rotational error decreases as the interimplant angle increases.
Functional Analysis of MET Exon 14 Skipping Alteration in Cancer Invasion and Metastatic Dissemination
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Yang , Qiu Wanglong , Shum Elaine , Feng Monica , Zhao Dejian , Zheng Deyou , Borczuk Alain , Cheng Haiying , Halmos Balazs 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

MET exon 14 skipping alteration (METΔ14Ex) is an actionable oncogenic driver that occurs in 2% to 4% of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. The precise role of METΔ14Ex in tumor progression of NSCLC is poorly understood. Using multiple isogenic METΔ14Ex cell models established with CRISPR editing, we demonstrate that METΔ14Ex expression increases receptor kinase activity and downstream signaling by impairing receptor internalization and endocytic degradation, significantly boosting cell scatter, migration, and invasion capacity in vitro as well as metastasis in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that METΔ14Ex preferentially activates biological processes associated with cell movement, providing novel insights into its unique molecular mechanism of action. Activation of PI3K/Akt/Rac1 signaling and upregulation of multiple matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) by METΔ14Ex induced cytoskeleton remodeling and extracellular matrix disassembly, which are critical functional pathways that facilitate cell invasion and metastasis. Therapeutically, MET inhibitors dramatically repressed METΔ14Ex-mediated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, indicating potential therapeutic options for METΔ14Ex-altered NSCLC patients. These mechanistic insights into METΔ14Ex-mediated invasion and metastasis provide a deeper understanding of the role of METΔ14Ex in NSCLC.

Significance:
These findings reveal the mechanistic function of METΔ14Ex alteration in driving metastasis and define novel metastasis-related pathways that could be targeted for more effective treatment of lung cancer with METΔ14Ex alterations.
Alterations of the Mdm2 C-Terminus Differentially Impact Its Function In Vivo
Authors: Pant Vinod , Aryal Neeraj K. , Xiong Shunbin , Chau Gilda P. , Fowlkes Natalie W. , Lozano Guillermina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) is the principal E3-ubiquitin ligase for p53 and contains a C2H2C4 type RING domain wherein the last cysteine residue is followed by an evolutionarily conserved 13 amino acid C-terminal tail. Previous studies have indicated that integrity of the C-terminal tail is critical for Mdm2 function. Recently, a mutation extending the MDM2 length by five amino acids was identified and associated with enhanced p53 response in fibroblasts and premature aging in a human patient. To investigate the importance of the conserved Mdm2 C-terminal length on p53 regulatory function in vivo, we engineered three novel mouse alleles using CRISPR–Cas9 technology. Genetic studies with these murine models showed that curtailing Mdm2 C-terminal length by even a single amino acid leads to p53-dependent embryonic lethality. Extension of the Mdm2 C-terminal length by five amino acids (QLTCL) yielded viable mice that are smaller in size, exhibit fertility problems, and have a shortened life span. Analysis of early passage mouse embryonic fibroblasts indicated impaired Mdm2 function correlates with enhanced p53 activity under stress conditions. Furthermore, analysis in mice showed tissue-specific alterations in p53 target gene expression and enhanced radiosensitivity. These results confirm the physiological importance of the evolutionarily conserved Mdm2 C-terminus in regulating p53 functions.

Significance:
This in vivo study highlights that alterations to the C-terminus of Mdm2 perturb its regulation of the tumor suppressor p53.
A Novel Role for DNA-PK in Metabolism by Regulating Glycolysis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dylgjeri Emanuela , Kothari Vishal , Shafi Ayesha A. , Semenova Galina , Gallagher Peter T. , Guan Yi F. , Pang Angel , Goodwin Jonathan F. , Irani Swati , McCann Jennifer J. , Mandigo Amy C. , Chand Saswati , McNair Christopher M. , Vasilevskaya Irina , Schiewer Matthew J. , Lallas Costas D. , McCue Peter A. , Gomella Leonard G. , Seifert Erin L. , Carroll Jason S. , Butler Lisa M. , Holst Jeff , Kelly William K. , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs, herein referred as DNA-PK) is a multifunctional kinase of high cancer relevance. DNA-PK is deregulated in multiple tumor types, including prostate cancer, and is associated with poor outcomes. DNA-PK was previously nominated as a therapeutic target and DNA-PK inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical investigation. Although DNA-PK is well studied in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, much remains to be understood about the way by which DNA-PK drives aggressive disease phenotypes.

Experimental Design:
Here, unbiased proteomic and metabolomic approaches in clinically relevant tumor models uncovered a novel role of DNA-PK in metabolic regulation of cancer progression. DNA-PK regulation of metabolism was interrogated using pharmacologic and genetic perturbation using in vitro cell models, in vivo xenografts, and ex vivo in patient-derived explants (PDE).

Results:
Key findings reveal: (i) the first-in-field DNA-PK protein interactome; (ii) numerous DNA-PK novel partners involved in glycolysis; (iii) DNA-PK interacts with, phosphorylates (in vitro), and increases the enzymatic activity of glycolytic enzymes ALDOA and PKM2; (iv) DNA-PK drives synthesis of glucose-derived pyruvate and lactate; (v) DNA-PK regulates glycolysis in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo; and (vi) combination of DNA-PK inhibitor with glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose leads to additive anti-proliferative effects in aggressive disease.

Conclusions:
Findings herein unveil novel DNA-PK partners, substrates, and function in prostate cancer. DNA-PK impacts glycolysis through direct interaction with glycolytic enzymes and modulation of enzymatic activity. These events support energy production that may contribute to generation and/or maintenance of DNA-PK–mediated aggressive disease phenotypes.
Bone Marrow Surveillance of Pediatric Cancer Survivors Identifies Clones that Predict Therapy-Related Leukemia
Authors: Spitzer Barbara , Rutherford Kayleigh D. , Gundem Gunes , McGovern Erin M. , Millard Nathan E. , Arango Ossa Juan E. , Cheung Irene Y. , Gao Teng , Levine Max F. , Zhang Yanming , Medina-Martínez Juan S. , Feng Yi , Ptashkin Ryan N. , Bolton Kelly L. , Farnoud Noushin , Zhou Yangyu , Patel Minal A. , Asimomitis Georgios , Cobbs Cassidy C. , Mohibullah Neeman , Huberman Kety H. , Arcilla Maria E. , Kushner Brian H. , Modak Shakeel , Kung Andrew L. , Zehir Ahmet , Levine Ross L. , Armstrong Scott A. , Cheung Nai Kong V. , Papaemmanuil Elli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemias (t-MDS/AL) are a major cause of nonrelapse mortality among pediatric cancer survivors. Although the presence of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in adult patients at cancer diagnosis has been implicated in t-MDS/AL, there is limited published literature describing t-MDS/AL development in children.

Experimental Design:
We performed molecular characterization of 199 serial bone marrow samples from 52 patients treated for high-risk neuroblastoma, including 17 with t-MDS/AL (transformation), 14 with transient cytogenetic abnormalities (transient), and 21 without t-MDS/AL or cytogenetic alterations (neuroblastoma-treated control). We also evaluated for CH in a cohort of 657 pediatric patients with solid tumor.

Results:
We detected at least one disease-defining alteration in all cases at t-MDS/AL diagnosis, most commonly TP53 mutations and KMT2A rearrangements, including involving two novel partner genes (PRDM10 and DDX6). Backtracking studies identified at least one t-MDS/AL-associated mutation in 13 of 17 patients at a median of 15 months before t-MDS/AL diagnosis (range, 1.3–32.4). In comparison, acquired mutations were infrequent in the transient and control groups (4/14 and 1/21, respectively). The relative risk for development of t-MDS/AL in the presence of an oncogenic mutation was 8.8 for transformation patients compared with transient. Unlike CH in adult oncology patients, TP53 mutations were only detectable after initiation of cancer therapy. Last, only 1% of pediatric patients with solid tumor evaluated had CH involving myeloid genes.

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate the clinical relevance of identifying molecular abnormalities in predicting development of t-MDS/AL and should guide the formation of intervention protocols to prevent this complication in high-risk pediatric patients.
Targeting Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma for Imaging and Therapy Using C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Radioligands
Authors: Kwon Daniel , Takata Katsuyoshi , Zhang Zhengxing , Chong Lauren , Fraser Bryan , Zeisler Jutta , Miyata-Takata Tomoko , Merkens Helen , Rousseau Julie , Aoki Tomohiro , Kuo Hsiou-Ting , Tan Ruiyan , Zhang Chengcheng , Lau Joseph , Villa Diego , Uribe Carlos F. , Lin Kuo-Shyan , Steidl Christian , Benard Francois 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is associated with poor survival. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a useful target for imaging and radioligand therapy of MCL, using a novel pair of radioligands, [68Ga]Ga and [177Lu]Lu-BL02.

Experimental Design:
We performed a retrospective analysis of 146 patients with MCL to evaluate CXCR4 expression and its correlation with outcomes. Guided by in silico methods, we designed BL02, a new radioligand labelled with 68Ga or 177Lu for PET imaging and therapy, respectively. We performed imaging and biodistribution studies in xenograft models with varying CXCR4 expression. We evaluated [177Lu]Lu-BL02 in MCL models, and evaluated its potential for therapy in Z138 MCL xenografts.

Results:
Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated CXCR4 expression were correlated with poor survival in patients with MCL and characterized by unique underlying molecular signatures. [68Ga]Ga-BL02 uptake correlated with CXCR4 expression, and localized lesions in a metastatic xenograft model. [177Lu]Lu-BL02 showed high uptake in MCL xenografts. Therapy studies with a single dose in the Z138 model showed tumor regression and improved survival compared with a control group. Upon regrowth, the treated mice experienced concurrent metastasis alongside localized xenograft regrowth, and recurrent lesions showed enhanced CXCR4 signaling.

Conclusions:
CXCR4 is an independent factor of poor prognosis for MCL and a promising target for imaging and radioligand therapy. [68Ga]Ga-BL02 showed high contrast to visualize CXCR4-expressing xenografts for PET imaging and [177Lu]Lu-BL02 induced rapid tumor regression in a preclinical model of MCL.
Triglyceride Glucose Index Was Associated With the Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Liu Yihai , Chang Lei , Wu Mingyue , Xu Biao , Kang Lina 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and peripheral artery disease (PAD). A total of 3125 participants with completed TyG and ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) records were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle of 1999–2004. The TyG index was calculated as ln [triglycerides (mg/dL) × glucose (mg/dL)/2], and the presence of PAD was defined as ABPI ≤.9. The participants were 59.9 ± 12.9 years old and 51.5% (1608) were male. The prevalence of PAD was 7.2% (225). Compared with the reference lowest quartile of TyG index, the highest quartile was associated with 1.27-fold increased (odds ratio [OR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-3.41; P < .001) risk of PAD. After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyles, and cardiometabolic factors, the multivariate-adjusted OR and 95% CI were 1.74 (1.02–3.01; P = .044) in participants within the highest quartile. Subgroup analysis showed that the association between TyG index and the risk of PAD was still consistent across subgroups. In conclusion, higher TyG index was significantly associated with the higher risk of PAD, which could be a marker of PAD.
Delphi Method Consensus on Priority Global Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Conditions and Procedures
Authors: Nuss Sarah , Patterson Rolvix H. , Cahill Gabrielle L. , Alkire Blake , Jue Xu Mary , Salano Valerie , Wiedermann Josh , Okerosi Samuel 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop an international expert consensus on priority otolaryngology–head and neck surgery conditions and procedures globally for which national health systems should be capable of caring.Study DesignThe Delphi method was employed via a multiround online survey administered to attending otolaryngologists in an international research collaborative of >180 otolaryngologists in >40 countries.SettingInternational online survey.MethodsIn round 1, participants listed the top 15 otolaryngologic conditions and top 15 otolaryngology procedures for their World Bank regions. In round 2, participants ranked round 1 responses in order of global importance on a 5‐point Likert scale. In round 3, participants reranked conditions and procedures that did not achieve consensus, defined as 50% of the round 2 Likert responses being ranked as “important” or “very important.” Descriptive statistics were calculated for each round.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 53 experts globally, with a response rate of 38% (n = 20). Fifty percent (n = 10) of participants were from low‐ and middle‐income countries, with at least 1 participant from each World Bank region. Ten consensus surgical procedures and 10 consensus conditions were identified.ConclusionThis study identified a list of priority otolaryngology–head and neck surgery conditions and surgical procedures for which all national health systems around the world should be capable of managing. Acute and infectious conditions with preventative and emergent procedures were highlighted. These findings can direct future research and guide international collaborations.
Maternal exposure to silicon dioxide nanoparticles reduces hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis and induces neurodegeneration in rat offspring hippocampus
Authors: Mahdipour Ramin , Ebrahimi Vahid , Hosseini Mahmoud , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Rastegar-moghaddam Seyed HamidReza , Malvandi Amir Mohammad , Mohammadipour Abbas 
Published: January 2022

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) are among the most widely used nanoparticles because of their chemical-physical properties. Since most brain maturation occurs in the neonatal period in humans and many mammals, it is important to understand how NPs may affect this process. This study tested the hypothesis that SiO2-NPs from treated dams could affect the hippocampus of neonatal rats during lactation. Twenty-four pregnant rats, after delivery, were divided into three groups of control, SiO2-NPs (25 mg/kg) and SiO2-NPs (100 mg/kg). The rats were treated from 2nd to 21st days post-delivery by gavage and the effects of these NPs were evaluated in the offspring’s hippocampi to reveal the effects of maternal exposure to SiO2-NPs during lactation on the offspring’s hippocampi. The offspring in the SiO2-NPs groups had higher malondialdehyde concentration and lower antioxidant activity in the hippocampi than the non-treated control group. The mean number of doublecortin positive (DCX+) cells and synaptophysin expression in the hippocampi of the SiO2-NPs groups were significantly lower than the control group, whereas the mean number of dark neurons was significantly higher. Also, animals in the SiO2-NPs groups had a weak cognitive performance in adulthood. In conclusion, maternal exposure to SiO2-NPs via breastfeeding could affect offspring’s hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, leading to impaired cognitive performance.