bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shield Construction Multiobjective Optimization of Surface Settlement Safety Control Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Feng Zongbao , Chen Hongyu , Zeng Tiemei , Wu Xianguo , Qin Yawei , Xu Wensheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A multi-objective optimization model combining Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) algorithm was established to control the construction parameters of shield and guide the safe construction of shield. This model takes the main shield parameters as the research object and the ground settlement as the control target, and optimizes the control analysis of the construction parameters. In this paper, eight shield parameters controlling surface settlement were selected as input indexes of SVM prediction model, and the nonlinear relationship between shield construction parameters and surface settlement is obtained as NSGA-II fitness function. Then, cutter wear was selected as the second optimization objective, and the constraint range of construction parameters was set for multi-objective optimization. Taking a rail transit project in karst areas as an example, the research results show that the prediction model obtains by training and simulating the measured data of the project using the SVM algorithm has high model accuracy. Based on the SVM-NSGA-II model, the multiobjective optimization effect of surface settlement and cutter wear is significant. Taking the obtained set of optimal Pareto fronts as a reference, the recommended values for the setting range control of shield construction parameters in karst areas are proposed.
Study for a tangential dispersion interferometer/polarimeter for DTT
Authors: Filippi F. , Fiorucci D. , Fassina A. , Giudicotti L. , Mazzotta C. , Rocchi G. , Rossi R. , Terranova D. , Tudisco O. , Andreoli P. , Cipriani M. , Consoli F. , Gaudio P. , Gelfusa M. , Innocente P. , Mauro G. , Mascali D. , Naselli E. , Orsitto F.P. , Torrisi G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility [1], whose construction is starting in Frascati, will require robust and reliable diagnostics for the correct operation of the machine and the characterization of the plasma discharge. For this purpose, we are studying a common-path dispersion interferometer/polarimeter for the detection of plasma electron density and magnetic field in two different tangential chords in the equatorial plane. The physical principle is based on the generation of a second harmonic which crosses the plasma collinearly with the beam at its fundamental. Being the plasma a dispersive medium, the two beams are subject to different phase shifts from which it is possible to retrieve the plasma free electron density. Moreover, the unconverted part of the fundamental can be used for polarimetric measurement. Two different implementations of the interferometer have been considered, one with a CO2 laser (λ = 10.6/5.3 µm) and another one with Nd:YAG (λ = 1.064/0.536 µm). The former is more sensitive to lower plasma densities and to Faraday rotation, while the latter is more robust to fringe jumps. We have studied the main aspects of these two possible solutions. In particular, we analysed the optics to be used and the expected maximum signals for the interferometry and the polarimetry in a possible plasma scenario of DTT. A tentative draft of the layout of the optics inside the machine will be also presented.
Electronic readout characterisation of a new soft X-ray diagnostic for burning plasma
Authors: Cancelli S. , Muraro A. , Perelli Cippo E. , Abba A. , Corradi G. , Grosso G. , Gorini G. , Kushoro M.H. , Murtas F. , Putignano O. , Scionti J. , Tagnani D. , Tardocchi M. , Croci G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In fusion plasma scenario, soft X-rays are important tools to study impurities inside plasma. However state-of-the-art silicon detectors cannot survive for long time to the heavy damages due to harsh conditions in tokamaks. GEM detectors are a good alternative thanks to their resilience to radiation damage. In this paper, a GEM detector coupled with new dedicated electronic readout based on GEMINI chip is described. In particular, the detector response has been studied comparing the well established PH method and the ToT method implemented in GEMINI. The results indicate the possibility of using this electronic readout to do soft X-ray spectroscopy measurements in the energy range up to about 10–20 keV.
Experiments and numerical simulations on hovering three-dimensional flexible flapping wings
Authors: Diaz-Arriba D , Jardin T , Gourdain N , Pons F , David L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the applicability and accuracy of high-fidelity experimental and numerical approaches in the analysis of three-dimensional flapping (revolving and pitching) wings operating under hovering flight conditions, i.e. where unsteady and three-dimensional rotational effects are strong, are assessed. Numerical simulations are then used to explore the role of mass and frequency ratios on aerodynamic performance, wing dynamics and flow physics. It is shown that time-averaged lift increases with frequency ratio, up to a certain limit that depends on mass ratio and beyond which upward wing bending and flexibility induced phase lag between revolving an pitching motions at stroke reversal become strong and contribute to phases of negative lift that counterbalances the initial lift increase. This wing dynamics, which is dominated by spanwise bending, also affects wing–wake interactions and, in turn, leading edge vortex formation.
Unpacking Translanguaging Practices in Multilingual Business Communication in China: A Qualitative Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Ai Bin , Hao Mingjunbao , Qiao Xiaomei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This qualitative phenomenological study examines a cohort of multilingual employees’ translanguaging practices in business communication at seven multinational corporations in China. It is found that these employees integrate various linguistic features of named languages stored in their linguistic repertoires; they spontaneously prioritize the linguistic features of different named languages in different contexts to achieve effective communication. They value sense-making more than grammatical correctness in communication practices, so they deploy multiple semiotic resources in translanguaging practices. This paper suggests that multilingual employees’ translanguaging literacy should be valued as their linguistic/human capital since it provides them with communication resources in a globalized business context. This paper advances understandings of translanguaging and enriches research practice, broadening the research scope of transnational business communication by expanding translanguaging practices from the bilingual education field to a multilingual, transnational workplace context.
Creatine metabolism at the uterine–conceptus interface during early gestation in sheep
Authors: Sah Nirvay , Stenhouse Claire , Halloran Katherine M , Moses Robyn M , Seo Heewon , Burghardt Robert C , Johnson Gregory A , Wu Guoyao , Bazer Fuller W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ruminant conceptuses that elongate and attach to the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) to establish pregnancy require a large amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The creatine (Cr)–creatine kinase (CK)–phosphocreatine (PCr) system re-generates ATP in dividing and migrating cells such as the conceptus trophectoderm cells. However, little is known about metabolism of Cr within uterine and conceptus tissues in livestock species during early gestation. In this study, Suffolk ewes were ovariohysterectomized on Days 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, or 21 of pregnancy (n = 2–5 animals/per day) to investigate metabolites, mRNAs, and proteins of the Cr–CK–PCr system at uterine–conceptus interface. Amounts of Cr and guanidinoacetate (GA) in uterine flushings increased between Days 12 and 17 of pregnancy. Endometrial expression of mRNAs for GA formation (AGAT), Cr synthesis (GAMT), and Cr/PCr utilization (CKB) was greater on Days 17 and 21 than on Days 9 and 12 of pregnancy. Immunoreactive AGAT was detected in uteri only on Day 21 but not in uteri or conceptuses at earlier days of pregnancy. GAMT, SLC6A8, and CKs were expressed in uterine luminal and glandular epithelia. Immunoreactive CKs (CKB, CKM, and CKMT1) appeared greater on Day 9 than Day 17 of pregnancy. Immunoreactive GAMT and CKs appeared greater in trophectoderm of conceptuses on Day 20 than on Day 15 of pregnancy, whereas the opposite was observed for that of SLC6A8. This study provides insights into cell-, tissue-, and time-specific metabolism of Cr at the uterine–conceptus interface suggesting a role for the Cr–CK–PCr system in ovine conceptus development and implantation.
Incarcerated People Living with HIV: A Qualitative Exploration of Stigma
Authors: Smoyer Amy B , Ferris Shannon , Earnshaw Valerie A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThousands of people living with HIV are incarcerated in the United States. Research about this vulnerable community has focused on access and adherence to medical care, including the impact of stigma on these treatment outcomes. This study presents qualitative data collected from 18 incarcerated and formerly incarcerated men and women living with HIV to expand knowledge about how HIV stigma shapes the lived experience of incarceration. The HIV Stigma Framework, including theory about enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma, was used to analyze participants’ narratives. Findings demonstrate an ongoing struggle with all three of these stigma mechanisms. Most participants deliberately concealed their HIV status and, therefore, experienced little enacted stigma. However, their narratives do describe anticipated stigma and, to a lesser extent, internalized stigma. There were gender differences in HIV disclosure and symbolic stigma and intersectionality are used to understand this variation. These findings illustrate the persistence of HIV stigma in correctional institutions and underscore the importance of fighting HIV stigma and homophobia within social work practice.
A Proposal to Refer to Four Coronaviruses of Limited Human Virulence “Common Cold Coronaviruses”
Authors: McIntosh Kenneth , Perlman Stanley , Monto Arnold , Englund Janet A 
Published: September 2022

Summary
We propose the term “common cold coronaviruses,” or ccCoV, to describe the four human coronaviruses commonly associated with upper respiratory tract disease – coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1. This will differentiate these previously described coronaviruses from those causing more severe disease in humans – including the viruses severe acute respiraotry syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Minimum Efficient Scale, Competition on the Merits, and The Special Responsibility of a Dominant Undertaking
Authors: Yan Xingyu , Vedder Hans 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As a leading model of law on abuse of dominance, Article 102 TFEU hosts two notoriously vague concepts: competition on the merits and the special responsibility of a dominant undertaking. The former could mislead abuse assessments into an illusion of inherent impropriety, while the latter is susceptible to expansive interpretations that undermine the pivotal role of dominance. We propose a test centred on the concept of minimum efficient scale, which has been seriously overlooked or even mischaracterized under Article 102, to complement the as-efficient-competitor rationale. This test clarifies—with respect to exclusionary conduct—competition on the merits in a purely efficiency-based way and gives content to the special responsibility concept. It is compatible with the case law and can be operationalized vis-à-vis digital platform markets to tackle practices such as self-preferencing. It shows potential in enhancing the robustness of ex post antitrust when ex ante regulation has become the more popular recourse.
Impact of Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines on Outpatient Treatment for Clostridioides difficile Infection and Associated Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Dubberke Erik R , Puckett Justin T , Obi Engels N , Kamal-Bahl Sachin , Desai Kaushal , Stuart Bruce , Doshi Jalpa A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (IDSA/SHEA) Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI) guideline update recommended treatment with fidaxomicin or vancomycin for CDI. We aimed to examine outpatient CDI treatment utilization before and after the guideline update and compare clinical outcomes associated with fidaxomicin versus vancomycin use.

Methods
A pre-post study design was employed using Medicare data. CDI treatment utilization and clinical outcomes (4- and 8-week sustained response, CDI recurrence) were compared between patients indexed from April–September 2017 (preguideline period) and those indexed from April–September 2018 (postguideline period). Clinical outcomes associated with fidaxomicin versus vancomycin were compared using propensity score–matched analyses.

Results
From the pre- to postguideline period, metronidazole use decreased (initial CDI: 81.2% to 53.5%; recurrent CDI: 49.7% to 27.6%) while vancomycin (initial CDI: 17.9% to 44.9%; recurrent CDI: 48.1% to 66.4%) and fidaxomicin (initial CDI: 0.87% to 1.63%; recurrent CDI: 2.2% to 6.0%) use increased significantly (P &lt; .001 for all). However, clinical outcomes did not improve. In propensity score–matched analyses, fidaxomicin versus vancomycin users had 4-week sustained response rates that were higher by 13.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0%–22.9%; P = .0058) and 30.0% (95% CI, 16.8%–44.3%; P = .0002) in initial and recurrent CDI cohorts, respectively. Recurrence rates were numerically lower for fidaxomicin in both cohorts.

Conclusions
Vancomycin use increased and metronidazole use decreased after the 2017 guideline update. Fidaxomicin use increased but remained low. Improved outcomes associated with fidaxomicin relative to vancomycin suggest benefits from its greater use in Medicare patients.
What does the UK Police National Database tell us about the future of police intelligence?
Authors: Phythian Rebecca , Kirby Stuart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Developments in technology are transforming society, creating more opportunities for offenders and complicating the policing landscape. The challenge for law enforcement is to identify criminal patterns from an offender’s electronic traces and to provide actionable intelligence. However, these traces are held by diverse police forces and are rarely connected. In 2011, to overcome this challenge, the Police National Database (PND) was launched to provide a national intelligence overview from local data. This study examines the database, using a mixed-methods approach. Descriptive and inferential analyses of PND usage data highlight that different forces use the PND, and its various capabilities, with different levels of frequency. Thematic analyses of interviews and focus groups with PND users identified: specific examples of PND use, as well as its perceived strengths, perceived deficiencies, and future considerations. Implications for policing practice are discussed.
Preferences of patients for benefits and risks of insomnia medications using data elicited during two phase III clinical trials
Authors: Heidenreich Sebastian , Ross Melissa , Chua Gin Nie , Seboek Kinter Dalma , Phillips-Beyer Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To elicit the trade-offs patients are willing to make between benefits and risks of medications for chronic insomnia, with the purpose of allowing a patient-centric interpretation of clinical trial data.

Methods
A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was included in the two placebo-controlled phase III trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of daridorexant. The DCE design was informed by a two-phase qualitative study, followed by qualitative and quantitative pilot testing before fielding. Relative attribute importance (RAI) and acceptable trade-offs between benefits and risks were obtained using a mixed logit model.

Results
Preferences were elicited from 602 trial participants (68.1% female, aged 58.6 ± 14.5 years). Preferences were most affected by daytime functioning (RAI = 33.7%) as a treatment benefit and withdrawal symptoms (RAI = 27.5%) as a risk. Patients also valued shorter sleep onset (RAI = 6.4%), longer sleep maintenance (RAI = 5.4%), reduced likelihood of abnormal thoughts and behavioral changes (RAI = 11.3%), reduced likelihood of dizziness/grogginess (RAI = 9.2%), and reduced likelihood of falls at night (RAI = 6.5%). Patients were willing to make trade-offs between these attributes. For example, they would accept an additional 18.8% risk of abnormal thoughts and behavioral changes to improve their daytime functioning from difficult to restricted and an additional 8.1% risk of abnormal thoughts and behavioral changes to avoid moderate withdrawal effects.

Conclusions
Patients with insomnia were willing to make trade-offs between multiple benefits and risks of pharmacological treatments. Because patients valued daytime functioning more than sleep latency and duration, we recommend that functional outcomes and sleep quality be considered in treatment development and evaluation.
Caveolin-1 and Its Functional Peptide CSP7 Affect Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating Fibroblast Glutaminolysis
Authors: Li Guanru , Xu Qi , Cheng Demin , Sun Wenqing , Liu Yi , Ma Dongyu , Wang Yue , Zhou Siyun , Ni Chunhui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exposure to silica is a cause of pulmonary fibrosis disease termed silicosis, which leads to respiratory failure and ultimately death. However, what drives fibrosis is not fully elucidated and therapeutic options remain limited. Our previous RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the expression of caveolin-1 (CAV1) was downregulated in silica-inhaled mouse lung tissues. Here, we not only verified that CAV1 was decreased in silica-induced fibrotic mouse lung tissues in both messenger RNA and protein levels, but also found that CSP7, a functional peptide of CAV1, could attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Further in vitro experiments revealed that CAV1 reduced the expression of Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1) and affected its nuclear translocation in fibroblasts. In addition, Glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a key regulator of glutaminolysis, was identified to be a downstream effector of YAP1. CAV1 could suppress the activity of YAP1 to decrease the transcription of GLS1, thereby inhibiting fibroblast activation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CAV1 and its functional peptide CSP7 may be potential molecules or drugs for the prevention and intervention of silicosis.
Oxytocin: At Birth and Beyond. A Systematic Review of the Long-term Effects of Peripartum Oxytocin
Authors: Monks D.T. , Palanisamy A. 
Published: September 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2021;76:1526–1537)
In obstetrics, oxytocin is used to augment labor and to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. However, recent research points to its important effects in social behavioral traits, including compassion, empathy, and trust. This study looked at long-term consequences of peripartum oxytocin administration on mothers and infants.
Maternal Critical Care: The Story Behind the Numbers
Authors: Toledo P. , Nelson L. , Stey A. 
Published: September 2022

(Analg. 2022;134:578–580)
In 2014, 50,000 maternal patients experienced severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and about 700 of these patients died. Postpartum and antepartum units do not have the staff required for intense patient monitoring, resulting in admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). An admission to the ICU postpartum results in separation of the mother from the infant, increasing the risk of postpartum depression, decreased bonding with the infant, and delayed initiation of breast-feeding. Given the rarity of maternal mortality, determining outcomes from maternal morbidity allows for greater quality assessment and improvement.
Association of Maternal Antidepressant Prescription During Pregnancy With Standardized Test Scores of Danish School-aged Children
Authors: Christensen J. , Trabjerg B.B. , Sun Y. , Dreier J.W. 
Published: September 2022

(JAMA. 2021;326:1725–1735)
Prenatal exposure to maternal antidepressants has been studied with concern for congenital malformation as well as cognitive, neurologic, and psychiatric developmental impact in the mother’s offspring. The continued use of antidepressants in pregnant mothers may bring important benefit for serious psychiatric disorders, and interruption of this well-indicated treatment is not an insignificant concern. This study evaluated long-term cognitive outcomes of school performance in children exposed to antidepressants in utero. Assessment for association of standardized test performance among Danish children with maternal prescription of antidepressants was considered.
Performance of the Hypotension Prediction Index With Noninvasive Arterial Pressure Waveforms in Awake Cesarean Delivery Patients Under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Frassanito L. , Sonnino C. , Piersanti A. , Zanfini B. , Catarci S. , Giuri P. , Scorzoni M. , Gonnella G. , Antonelli M. , Draisci G. 
Published: September 2022

(Anesth Analg. 2022;134:633–643)
Many consider spinal anesthesia (SA) the foremost method for cesarean delivery, but previous studies show this can lead to hypotension. A previous research team determined the effectiveness of the noninvasive hypotension prediction index (HPI) algorithm, an algorithm using high-fidelity arterial pressure waveform recordings and 22 additional features to measure the likelihood of a hypotensive event on a scale from 1 to 100, in predicting hypotension. This study assessed the ability of the HPI algorithm and the ClearSight system in comparison with noninvasive blood pressure monitoring (NIBP) during SA procedures.
The Efficacy of High Flow Nasal Oxygenation for Maintaining Maternal Oxygenation During Rapid Sequence Induction in Pregnancy: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhou S. , Zhou Y. , Cao X. , Ni X. , Du W. , Xu Z. , Liu Z. 
Published: September 2022

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021;38:1052–1058)
Pregnancy poses unique challenges and increased risks during general anesthesia (GA), including hypoxia. Preoxygenation helps to mitigate the risk of hypoxia in parturient women during induction of GA. High-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) has been suggested to improve preoxygenation efficacy. While studies have been done on HFNO preoxygenation for parturient patients, none have looked at the benefit of HFNO for the same population undergoing rapid sequence induction (RSI) GA. This study compares preoxygenation using HFNO with the standard facemask (SFM) during RSI for parturients undergoing GA for cesarean delivery (CD).