bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network intrusion detection system: A survey on artificial intelligence‐based techniques
Authors: Habeeb Mohammed Sayeeduddin , Babu T. Ranga 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh data rate requirements in recent years have resulted in the massive expansion of communication systems, network size and the amount of data generated and processed. This has eventually caused many threats to the communication networks as well due to a more frequent generation of security attacks that are either novel or the mutation of the existing attacks. To secure the networks against such threats, an intrusion detection system (IDS) is considered as one of the promising solutions. The main problem with the IDS is its increased false alarm rate (FAR) in detecting the zero‐day attacks. To improve the detection accuracy and minimizing the FAR, the researchers proposed IDS solutions using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. In this research, we have systematically reviewed the recent AI‐based network IDS (NIDS) solutions proposed during the period 2016–2021 by the research community. We systematically analysed the proposed NIDS solutions based on their strengths, shortcomings, AI methodology adopted, datasets, and the evaluation metrics used for evaluation purposes. From the review, we observed that the hybrid approach is mostly adopted by the researchers to propose AI‐based NIDS solutions, with a trend shifting to deep learning‐based approaches over the last 2 years. Also, most of the proposed solutions are evaluated using a very old dataset with only a few studies opting for the latest datasets. Finally based on our observations, we highlighted the research challenges and the future research directions to help young researchers to contribute to this field.
Effects of mangiferin and its combination with nNOS inhibitor 7‐nitro‐indazole (7‐NI) in 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesioned Parkinson's disease rats
Authors: Tiwari Prafulla Chandra , Chaudhary Manju J. , Pal Rishi , Nath Rajendra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNitric oxide (NO), generated by nitric oxide synthase enzymes (NOS), has an important role in maintaining synapse plasticity, neuro‐modulation, and other physiological functions in the brain. NO thus generated also has a key role in formation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrite species and subsequent neuronal damage due to sustained oxidative stress. Due to its property of ROS and RNOS generation, NO plays a significant role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of mangiferin alone and in combination with nNOS inhibitor 7‐nitro‐indazole (7‐NI) in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g (n = 8/group) were used in the study. Stereotactic surgeries of rats were done to induce 6‐OHDA lesioning in rats. Then, treatment with mangiferin alone and in combination with 7‐NI 10 mg/kg was done from days 14 to 42 for 28 days. On day 42, rats were subjected to behavioral studies, and their brains were taken out after euthanasia to perform biochemical and molecular studies. Treatment with mangiferin and 7‐NI significantly increases locomotor parameters in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats. Treatment with mangiferin 45 μg and 7‐NI 10 mg/kg alone and in combination significantly reduces oxidative stress along with decrease in concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase 2, total nitrite (NOx) and FOS B concentration. Results of this study suggest that treatment with 7‐NI 10 mg/kg further enhances anti‐inflammatory and anti‐parkinsonism activity of mangiferin owing to its property of inhibiting nNOS mediated FOS B signaling and thereby inhibiting mRNA formation of TNF‐α and IL‐6.
Fleet‐wide acceptance of escape gaps and their utility for reducing bycatch in south‐eastern AustralianPortunus armatustraps
Authors: Barnes Thomas C. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Johnson Daniel D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn response to widescale, voluntary uptake of escape gaps by commercial trappers using collapsible netted cylindrical (or “round”) traps targeting blue swimmer crabs,Portunus armatus, in south‐eastern Australia, an observer‐based study was used to assess the adoption and effectiveness of the most common escape gaps across two estuaries responsible for >70% of all harvest. Five observers collected data from 5710 deployments of round traps over 116 days. Among 60% of round traps with escape gaps, 73% were rectangular shaped, and the rest were either circular or square. Catches were dominated byP. armatus(93%), but ~60% were undersized (<65‐mm carapace length; CL). Compared with round traps with no escape gaps, traps with a rectangular design consistently retained fewer undersizedP. armatus(by up to 54%); similar to earlier, manipulative experiments. However, unlike previous observations, escape‐gap performance did not significantly improve with increasing catches ofP. armatus. Eventual 100% adoption of escape gaps should enable large numbers of undersizedP. armatusto escape traps and avoid discarding each year in south‐eastern Australia.
Blood tests in primary care: A qualitative study of communication and decision‐making between doctors and patients
Authors: Watson Jessica , Whiting Penny F. , Salisbury Chris , Hamilton William T. , Banks Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveBlood tests are commonly used in primary care as a tool to aid diagnosis, and to offer reassurance and validation for patients. If doctors and patients do not have a shared understanding of the reasons for testing and the meaning of results, these aims may not be fulfilled. Shared decision‐making is widely advocated; yet, most research focusses on treatment decisions rather than diagnostic decisions. The aim of this study was to explore communication and decision‐making around diagnostic blood tests in primary care.MethodsQualitative interviews were undertaken with patients and clinicians in UK primary care. Patients were interviewed at the time of blood testing, with a follow‐up interview after they received test results. Interviews with clinicians who requested the tests provided paired data to compare clinicians' and patients' expectations, experiences and understandings of tests. Interviews were analysed thematically using inductive and deductive coding.ResultsA total of 80 interviews with 28 patients and 19 doctors were completed. We identified a mismatch in expectations and understanding of tests, which led to downstream consequences including frustration, anxiety and uncertainty for patients. There was no evidence of shared decision‐making in consultations preceding the decision to test. Doctors adopted a paternalistic approach, believing that they were protecting patients from anxiety.ConclusionPatients were not able to develop informed preferences and did not perceive that choice is possible in decisions about testing, because they did not have sufficient information and a shared understanding of tests. A lack of shared understanding at the point of decision‐making led to downstream consequences when test results did not fulfil patients' expectations. Although shared decision‐making is recommended as best practice, it does not reflect the reality of doctors' and patients' accounts of testing; a broader model of shared understanding seems to be more relevant to the complexity of primary care diagnosis.Patient or Public ContributionA patient and public involvement group comprising five participants with lived experience of blood testing in primary care met regularly during the study. They contributed to the development of the research objectives, planning recruitment methods, reviewing patient information leaflets and topic guides and also contributed to discussion of emerging themes at an early stage in the analysis process.
Antecedents and consequences of brand attachment: A literature review and research agenda
Authors: Hemsley‐Brown Jane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsumers develop powerful connections with brands and they feel a strong bond or attachment to favourite brands that can lead to re‐purchase behaviour, reduced price sensitivity and increased customer loyalty. Gaining greater in‐depth knowledge of brand attachment offers a powerful means of understanding and facilitates modelling the mechanisms for achieving greater profitability and increased revenue for firms. The purpose of this paper is first to map the antecedents, mediators and consequences of brand attachment; second to provide scholars with a map of prior research as a starting point for future research; and third to offer insights to extend understanding of how consumers relate to and engage with brands. The antecedents to brand attachment are categorized under five headings: brand‐related concepts; self‐brand connection and connection; congruence and the self; emotional drivers of brand attachment; and service‐related concepts. The consequences of brand attachment are categorized as: brand loyalty and switching resistance; purchase intentions and willingness to pay; and word of mouth. The review and future research agenda utilize the Theory, Context, Characteristics, Methodology structure: (T) theory and concepts; (C) context and industry sectors; (C) characteristics (antecedents, mediators and consequences); (M) methods used in prior research. Recommendations focus on: social media marketing; social media marketing influencers and psychological ownership.
Nurse preceptors' experiences of promoting and teaching fundamental care to undergraduate nursing students: A qualitative study
Authors: Stănesu‐Yadav Diana‐Nicoleta , Lillekroken Daniela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore nurse preceptors' experiences in promoting and teaching the delivery of fundamental care to nursing students during their clinical period at nursing homes.DesignThe study used a qualitative descriptive approach.MethodsNine in‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with clinical nurses employed at five different nursing homes. Data collection lasted from September 2020 to April 2021. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive, qualitative content analysis was employed to analyse the data.ResultsQualitative content analysis yielded one main category—‘Fostering nursing students’ knowledge and understanding of fundamental care’—supported by two subcategories: (i) ‘Raising awareness of the importance of fundamental care’ and ‘Providing for learning through exchange and cooperation’, which are interpreted as the ways nurse preceptors enable students to learn how to provide fundamental care during their clinical period at nursing homes.ConclusionBy taking the role of nurse preceptors, clinical nurses act as enablers for students' learning of the provision of fundamental care within nursing homes as the learning context. Nurse preceptors possess the pedagogical skills to initiate and conduct nursing students' learning processes. The study reveals that nurse preceptors stress the importance of providing fundamental care to patients; hence, teaching students to provide fundamental care was also found to be important.ImpactWithin a nursing home context, nurses are responsible for providing fundamental care; therefore, they play an essential role in both providing and teaching about caregiving. The study shows that because of their preceptorship, nurse preceptors can enhance students' awareness of the importance of learning to provide fundamental care to patients. In addition, the study reveals that nurse preceptors work to enhance student's reflection and critical thinking by targeting the student's zone of proximal development, which represents a preliminary phase in students' learning.
Patient perspectives of atopic dermatitis: comparative analysis of terminology in social media and scientific literature, identified by a systematic literature review
Authors: Silverberg J.I. , Feldman S.R. , Smith Begolka W. , Johnson M.B. , Stanojev C. , DiBonaventura M. , Rojo Cella R. , Valdez H. , Feeney C. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease that significantly impacts patient quality of life (QoL). It is unknown whether patients and physicians have the same interpretation of AD burden. Unmet needs and AD disease burden were evaluated by comparing terminology used in social media with terminology used in scientific literature. AD terminology in social media was identified using the NetBase platform, and natural language processing was performed. Topics and words driving negative sentiment were evaluated overall and in relation to specific symptoms. The systematic review of scientific literature identified publications that included AD and QoL terms was identified from PubMed. Term analysis of titles and abstracts was conducted via natural language processing. The occurrence of topics and co‐occurrence of words associated with QoL terms were evaluated. More than 3 million social media mentions (2018–2020) and 1519 scientific publications (2000–2020) were evaluated. There were more negative than positive social media mentions, and flare and pain were common symptoms driving negative sentiment. Face and hands were major drivers of negative sentiment in relation to AD symptoms in social media. Sleep and pain were often mentioned together. In scientific literature, pruritus and depression were the most frequently occurring symptoms. Similarly, pruritus was the most common AD symptom co‐occurring with QoL terms in the assessed scientific literature. Social media analyses provide a unique view into the patient experience of AD. Symptoms driving negative sentiment in social media appear to be discordantly represented in scientific literature. Incorporating patient perspectives may improve disease understanding and management.
Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children (6–11 years): data from a French multicentre retrospective cohort in daily practice
Authors: Lasek A. , Bellon N. , Mallet S. , Puzenat E. , Bursztejn A.C. , Abasq C. , Mazereeuw‐Hautier J. , Chiaverini C. , Hubiche T. , Raison Peyron N. , Du Thanh A. , Barbarot S. , Aubert H. , Reguiai Z. , Droitcourt C. , Fievet C. , Bellissen A. , Bachelerie M. , Nosbaum A. , Leymarie A. , Armingaud P. , Masson Regnault M. , Mahé E. ,   Research Group of the Société Française de Dermatologie Pédiatrique (GR SFDP),   Research Group of eczéma atopique (GREAT)
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab is the first biotherapy available for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe childhood atopic dermatitis (AD).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in daily practice.MethodsPatients aged 6–11, who had received a first dose of dupilumab, were included in this multicentre retrospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was change in SCORAD after 3 months of treatment. Secondary endpoints were change in IGA score at 3 months, proportion of patients with SCORAD50 and SCORAD75, description of adverse events and proportion of children in our cohort who would be excluded from pivotal phase 3 clinical trial.ResultsEighty patients were included. After 3 months of treatment, there was a significant decrease in SCORAD (mean: 21.8 ± 13.8 vs 53.9 ± 18.5;P < 0.0001) and IGA (1.3 ± 0.8 vs 3.5 ± 0.7;P < 0.0001). Conjunctivitis was observed in 11.3% (n = 9/80); three patients experienced dupilumab facial redness (DFR); 17.5% (n = 14/80) reported injection site reactions; 6.3% (n = 5/80) discontinued treatment. 61.2% (n = 49/80) children were ineligible in the phase 3 trial.LimitationsThere is no control group. Because it was a real life study based on information from patient medical records in a French multicentre cohort, we cannot rule out the presence of reporting bias generated by the use of patient reported characteristics and missing information.ConclusionThese real‐life data confirm the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in children with moderate to severe AD extended to dyshidrosis and atopic prurigo, but it also revealed a lower frequency of DFR and conjunctivitis. However, administration in injectable form may be a barrier in this age group.
Novel MSH6 mutation predicted metastasis in eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Y. , Rao Y. , Gu X. , Chai P. , Yang Y. , Lin J. , Xu X. , Jia R. , Xu S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOur previous research revealed the relative local aggressiveness of eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma (EPSCC), but its distinct genetic characteristics involved remain unknown.ObjectivesWe conducted this study based on next‐generation sequencing to identify the genetic distinctiveness of EPSCC and damaging mutations for possible aetiology and poor prognosis.MethodsWe performed sequencing using a 556‐gene panel (SmartOnco) in 48 EPSCCs. Cox hazards model was applied to explore mutated genes that increase the risk of metastasis and death. Pathogenesis of the mutations was predicted by sequence alignment algorithms.ResultsThe most commonly mutated genes were KMT2C (N = 17, 35%), LRP1B (N = 14, 29%), KMT2D (N = 12, 25%), PTCH1 (N = 10, 21%) and TP53 (N = 10, 21%). DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (42%) like MSH6 (19%) and MLH3 (12%) were among the most frequently mutated genes. Cell cycle regulators including TP53 (21%) and CDKN2A (10%) were less frequently mutated than in other squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Ultraviolet exposure, MMR deficiency and ageing were the main aetiology. Of note, KMT2C has a deleterious mutation hotspot. Patients burdened with MSH6 mutation has a higher risk of overall metastasis (P = 0.045, HR = 5.165) and nodal metastasis (P = 0.022, HR = 14.038). Moreover, a hotspot mutation MSH6E52A brought an even higher risk of nodal metastasis (P = 0.011, HR = 18.745).ConclusionsEPSCCs displayed a unique mutation profile from cutaneous SCCs and mucosal SCCs. We have identified novel damaging mutations in epigenetic regulators like KMT2C boosted early onset of EPSCCs in addition to UVR, ageing or MMR deficiency. And malfunction of MMR genes worsened prognosis.
(Re)Conceptualizing Black motherwork as political activism
Authors: Edwards Adrienne L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 2020, Black Americans voted in historic numbers in the US presidential election. Black women political activists were instrumental in navigating voter suppression to increase voter turnout among Black communities. Here, I draw linkages between Patricia Hill Collins's conceptualization of motherwork and Black women's political activism. I reconceptualize Black women's motherwork as a political tool for preparing Black women for political candidacy to address issues that threaten Black family stability. I provide a conceptual history of motherwork and map out what Black women's political motherwork looks like for families and communities. I conclude with theoretical, analytical, and practical implications for family scientists to consider when using Black political motherwork in their scholarship and practice.
Haemodialysis patient's adherence to treatment: Relationships among nurse–patient‐initiated participation and nurse's attitude towards patient participation
Authors: Idilbi Nasra , Grimberg Zoya , Drach‐Zahavy Anat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between nurse–patient‐initiated participation, nurses' attitudes towards patient's participation, and patients' adherence to treatment. Specifically, to (1) explore nurse–patient participation during haemodialysis and quantify the information into measurable indices; (2) determine the haemodialysis patient's adherence to treatment; (3) describe nurses' attitudes towards patient participation; and (4) establish the relationships between nurse–patient‐initiated participation, nurses' attitudes towards patient participation and patients' adherence to treatment.BackgroundTo improve haemodialysis patients' health, it is crucial to identify nurses' and patients' factors facilitating adherence to treatment.DesignAn exploratory‐sequential mixed‐methods (quantitative and qualitative) design.MethodsAll nurses working at a dialysis ward (n = 30) and their randomly selected patients (n = 102) participated. Qualitative data on nurse–patient‐initiated participation were derived from transcribed nurse–patient conversations and quantified for further analyses. Nurses' attitudes towards patient participation were collected via questionnaire, and adherence to treatment via observed reduction in prescribed haemodialysis time. [CONSORT‐SPI guidelines].ResultsContent analysis of the conversations indicated that nurse‐initiated participation focused on patient's medical condition, treatment plan and education; while patients initiated more small talk. Non‐adherence to treatment was significant (Mean = 0.19 h; SD = 0.33). Regression analyses indicated that nurses' attitude towards participation was negatively linked to patient adherence, while patient–nurse‐initiated participation was unrelated. Nurses' attitudes towards patient participation moderated the relationship between nurse–patient‐initiated participation and patient adherence: the more positive the attitude towards inclusion the more negative the link between patient or nurse‐initiated participation and patient adherence.ConclusionsThe findings provided paradoxical insights: Nurses' positive attitudes towards participation lead them to accept the patient's position for shortening haemodialysis treatment, so that adherence to care decreases.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses require education on negotiating methods to help achieve patient adherence while respecting the patient's opinion. Patients should be educated how to approach nurses, seeking the information they need.
Where traditional Chinese medicine meets Western medicine in the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jakobsson Per‐Johan , Robertson Luke , Welzel Janika , Zhang Mingshu , Zhihua Yang , Kaixin Gao , Runyue Huang , Zehuai Wen , Korotkova Marina , Göransson Ulf 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChinese medicine has a long tradition of use against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The formulations are based on combinations of typically 5–10 plants, which are usually boiled and administered as a decoction or tea. There are few clinical trials performed so the clinical evidence is sparse. One fundamental of traditional medicine is to prevent disease. RA is an autoimmune, inflammatory and chronic disease that primarily affects the joints of 0.5%–1% of the population. In two out of three of the cases, the patients are characterised by the presence of autoantibodies such as the rheumatoid factor and the more disease‐specific autoantibody against citrullinated proteins, so‐called ‘ACPA’ (anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies). ACPA positivity is also strongly associated with specific variations in the HLA‐DRB1 gene, the shared epitope alleles. Together with smoking, these factors account for the major risks of developing RA. In this review, we will summarise the background using certain plant‐based formulations based on Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of RA and the strategy we have taken to explore the mechanisms of action. We also summarise the major pathophysiological pathways related to RA and how these could be analysed. Finally, we summarise our ideas on how a clinical trial using Chinese herbal medicine to prevent RA could be conducted.