bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance systems to monitor antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a global, systematic review, 1 January 2012 to 27 September 2020
Authors: Medland Nicholas A , Zhang Ye , Gunaratnam Praveena , Lewis David A , Donovan Basil , Whiley David M , Guy Rebecca J , Kaldor John M 
Published: May 2022

Background
Effective surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is required for the early detection of resistant strains and to ensure that treatment guidelines are appropriate for the setting in which they are implemented. AMR in N. gonorrhoeae has been identified as a global health threat.

Aim
We performed a systematic review to identify and describe surveillance systems targeting AMR in N. gonorrhoeae.

Methods
We searched Medline, PubMed, Global Health, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and ProQuest databases and grey literature between 1 January 2012 and 27 September 2020. Surveillance systems were defined as the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of N. gonorrhoeae resistance data. The key components of surveillance systems were extracted, categorised, described and summarised.

Results
We found 40 publications reporting on N. gonorrhoeae AMR surveillance systems in 27 countries and 10 multi-country or global surveillance reports. The proportion of countries with surveillance systems in each of the WHO's six regions ranged from one of 22 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean and five of 54 in Africa, to three of 11 countries in South East Asia. Only four countries report systems which are both comprehensive and national. We found no evidence of a current surveillance system in at least 148 countries. Coverage, representativeness, volume, clinical specimen source, type and epidemiological information vary substantially and limit interpretability and comparability of surveillance data for public health action.

Conclusion
Globally, surveillance for N. gonorrhoeae AMR is inadequate and leaves large populations vulnerable to a major public health threat.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2 neutralisation in sera of people with Comirnaty or CoronaVac vaccination, infection or breakthrough infection, Hong Kong, 2020 to 2022
Authors: Cheng Samuel MS , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Chan Karl CK , Ng Susanna S , Lam Bosco HS , Luk Leo LH , Ko Fanny W , Chen Chunke , Yiu Karen , Li John KC , Chan Ken KP , Tsang Leo CH , Poon Leo LM , Hui David SC , Peiris Malik 
Published: May 2022

Background
Omicron subvariant BA.2 circulation is rapidly increasing globally.

Aim
We evaluated the neutralising antibody response from vaccination or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against symptomatic infection by BA.2 or other variants.

Methods
Using 50% plaque reduction neutralisation tests (PRNT50), we assessed neutralising antibody titres to BA.2, wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and other variants in Comirnaty or CoronaVac vaccinees, with or without prior WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Titres were also measured for non-vaccinees convalescing from a WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralising antibodies in BA.2 and BA.1 breakthrough infections and in BA.2 infections affecting non-vaccinees were additionally studied.

Results
In vaccinees or prior WT-SARS-CoV-2-infected people, BA.2 and BA.1 PRNT50 titres were comparable but significantly (p < 10 − 5) lower than WT. In each group of 20 vaccinees with (i) three-doses of Comirnaty, (ii) two CoronaVac followed by one Comirnaty dose, or (iii) one dose of either vaccine after a WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection, ≥ 19 individuals developed detectable (PRNT50 titre ≥ 10) antibodies to BA.2, while only 15 of 20 vaccinated with three doses of CoronaVac did. Comirnaty vaccination elicited higher titres to BA.2 than CoronaVac. In people convalescing from a WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection, a single vaccine dose induced higher BA.2 titres than three Comirnaty (p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (p = 0.00001) doses in infection-naïve individuals. BA.2 infections in previously uninfected and unvaccinated individuals elicited low (PRNT50 titre ≤ 80) responses with little cross-neutralisation of other variants. However, vaccinees with BA.1 or BA.2 breakthrough infections had broad cross-neutralising antibodies to WT viruses, and BA.1, BA.2, Beta and Delta variants.

Conclusions
Existing vaccines can be of help against the BA.2 subvariant.
Mechanical Properties of Compressed Earth Block Stabilized with Sugarcane Molasses and Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer
Authors: Dabakuyo Ismaël , Mutuku Raphael N. N. , Onchiri Richard O. 
Published: May 2022

This research aims to investigate the mechanical performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized by a combination of metakaolin-based geopolymer (MKG) and sugarcane molasses (SM), to remedy the limitations present in CEBs stabilized with MKG alone. Two schemes of stabilization were used. In the first, the optimum MKG content for stabilizing CEB was partially substituted with various percentages of SM (10% MKG + 0% SM, 8% MKG + 2% SM, 6% MKG + 4% SM, 4% MKG + 6% SM, 2% MKG + 8% SM). The second stabilization scheme consisted of fixing 5% MKG and varying SM from 2% to 8% (5% MKG + 0% SM, 5% MKG + 2% SM, 5% MKG + 4% SM, 5% MKG + 6% SM, 5% MKG + 8% SM). The mechanical properties of the CEBs stabilized with SM and MKG were analyzed in terms of compressive strength, dry density, and water absorption. The test results showed that the combination of MKG and SM for stabilizing CEBs was not as effective as MKG alone in increasing the compressive strength of CEBs. However, this combination solved the high porosity of CEBs stabilized with just MKG by increasing their dry density and decreasing their water absorption capacity. In terms of compressive strength and water absorption, the optimum values were obtained respectively with 5% MKG + 4% SM (4.163 MPa at 28 days) and 6% MKG + 4% SM (8.73% at 28 days). Therefore, the suggested innovative stabilization approach is suitable for improving the overall mechanical properties of CEBs and addressing the shortcomings of CEBs stabilized only with MKG. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-04-012 Full Text: PDF
A Review of Optimization Techniques Application for Building Performance Analysis
Authors: Abd Rahman N. A. , Kamaruzzaman S. N. , Akashah F. W. 
Published: May 2022

Optimization techniques (OT) are tools to find the best solution during a decision making process. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on their objectives and focus areas. Early application of OT was recorded as early as the 1930s with the introduction of the Monte Carlo Method, which is widely used in business studies. The idea was conceived due to poly-objectives, or multi-objectives, in identifying the best solution. OT theories and methods have evolved to cover various fields of study. This paper aims to provide a brief review of OT through a comparison of the pros and cons of each OT technique. The findings emphasize the suitability of each technique for different applications in various fields of study. Finally, this study aims to select the most suitable OT for building performance for energy optimization. In conclusion, the summary of findings and recommendations from Tables 2, 3, and 4 need to be combined during the process of selecting the most suitable OT. Regardless of the various categories and their multiple applications, it is the summary of characteristics of each optimization technique that determines their suitability for adoption depending on the research objectives, strength of the researcher, and availability of data. ANN is suitable for optimization for building energy performance covering energy use, energy cost and energy prediction which offer a high level of accuracy. However, it is a complex model that requires historical data input and can produce only short-term predictions. For broader optimization objectives which cover energy load, a hybrid of ANN and kNN is recommended. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-04-014 Full Text: PDF
Characteristics of Combined Rice and Wheat Husk Ashes as a Partial Replacement for Cement in Mortar
Authors: Masanja Damas Nangi , Muya Mgaza Somo , Nyangi Patrice 
Published: May 2022

The potential to recycle and utilize agricultural waste as a building material has been demonstrated in a variety of applications. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of partially substituting combined rice and wheat husk ashes (CORWHA) for cement in mortar. The two agricultural waste ashes, rice husk and wheat husk, were evaluated separately before being combined. Both husks were burned separately in an open room to reduce volume before being cremated for 2 hours at a regulated temperature of 600 °C to eliminate carbon and generate reactivity. The chemical and physical properties of the ashes were evaluated after grinding and sieving to determine their cementitious qualities before developing and testing 12 mix proportions of CORWHA and cement for mortar production. The mixing was done at three different percentages of cement replacement: 20, 30, and 40%. According to the findings, the maximum cement replacement yielding 5.98 MPa mortar strength is 30%, with a mixed proportion of 11% wheat husk ash (WHA) and 19% rice husk ash (RHA). It was also found that 95% of RHA is silica and 1.67% is alkaline, while 63% of WHA is silica and 12.16% is alkaline, which is good for preventing porosity and corrosion of reinforcement bars. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-04-04 Full Text: PDF
Analisis Stimulasi Kemampuan Literasi Siswa PAUD Melalui Mendongeng
Authors: Rahayu Aristiana Prihatining 
Published: May 2022

AbstrakKondisi literasi di Indonesia yang berada pada peringkat bawah, bisa menjadi gambaran kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia yang masih tertinggal dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain di Asia Tenggara seperti Malaysia dan Singapura. Berdasarkan survei tahun 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) berada di peringkat 72 dari 77 negara terkait nilai kompetensi membaca. Hal ini membutuhkan berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi di berbagai jenjang pendidikan termasuk di PAUD. Penelitian “Analisis Stimulasi Kemampuan Literasi Siswa PAUD Melalui Mendongeng” dilakukan di TK ABA Tegalrejo Widang, kabupaten Tuban bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemmapuan literasi siswa di TK ABA Tegalrejo Widang, Tuban setelah mendapatkan stimulasi storytelling melalui kegiatan mendongeng yang dilakukan pendidik di sekolah. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan sampel siswa secara purposive. Data/informasi dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih detail juga dilakukan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan guru di sekolah. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut menemukan bahwa stimulasi dengan membacakan dongeng melalui buku (read aloud) di kelas mampu memotivasi siswa untuk senang belajar membaca. Para siswa termotivasi belajar membaca dengan keinginan bisa membaca sendiri buku-buku cerita. Kegiatan mendongeng, selain memotivasi siswa untuk semangat membaca juga melatih kemampuan komunikasi serta membangun rasa percaya diri siswa.Kata kunci : mendongeng, membaca, stimulasi
Herd Immunity to Hepatitis B in the Russian Federation in 2017–2019
Authors: Kuzin S. N. , Semenenko T. A. , Klushkina V. V. , Vlasenko N. V. , Churilova N. S. , Panasyuk Ya. V. , Kudryavtseva E. N. , Korabel'nikova M. I. , Dubodelov D. V. , Rodionova Z. S. , Solopova G. G. , Konopliova M. V. , Nikitin I. G. , Shulakova N. I. , Tutelian A. V. , Akimkin V. G. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Hepatitis B is a global problem of global and Russian public health due to its high prevalence and the possibility of forming a chronic form of the disease with the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aims. Assessment of the herd immunity to hepatitis B in the population of the Russian Federation in 2017‒2019.Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the Central Institute of Epidemiology within the framework of a large-scale program to assess herd immunity to hepatitis B in the population of the Russian Federation. The results of studies for the presence of anti-HBs in various subjects of the Russian Federation in 2017 to 2019, which were performed in accordance with MU 3.1.2943-11, were analyzed. Additionally, as a reference study in 2020, a survey of donors in Moscow (n = 427) was conducted for the presence of anti-HBs. Standard methods of descriptive statistics Microsoft Excel and STATISTICA 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) were used for statistical processing. The mean values were estimated taking into account the 95% confidence interval [95% CI] (according to the Klopper-Pearson method (exact method).Results. The average annual values of the proportion of persons with protective immunity against hepatitis B for 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 70.03%, 67.95% and 66.36%, respectively. Significant differences were revealed in the average values of the proportion of persons with a protective level of anti-HBs in the Federal Districts (FD): higher than the average Russian indicators were found in the Northwestern (74.2%), Southern (71.0%) and Far Eastern FD (70.7%). In 44 subjects of the Russian Federation during the observation period, the proportion of persons with protective immunity against hepatitis B was less than 60%.Conclusion. The necessity of optimizing the system of serological monitoring of post-vaccination immunity against hepatitis B is substantiated, which will increase the effectiveness of preventive measures nationwide
Application of New Molecular Genetic Strategies for Transborder Transmission Analysis of Tuberculosis in Irkutsk Region
Authors: Zhdanova S. N. , Ogarkov O. B. , Savilov E. D. , Kondratov I. G. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The Irkutsk region belongs to the territories of Russia unfavorable for tuberculosis. The situation in the region is exacerbated by the existence of active tourism and trade and transport contacts with Mongolia, which is a country with a higher burden of TB.Aims. To assess the applicability of using subtype-specific PCR tests on clinical samples of TB patients to crossborder transmission analysis of the M. tuberculosis. Materials and methods. we investigated the cohort of 161 sputum and surgical specimens from newly diagnosed TB patients with a positive molecular genetic test (GeneXpert). The epidemic subtypes of the Beijing genotype (subtypes B0/W148, Central Asian, Asian-African 2) were identified by the method PCR with real-time detection (RT-PCR) with primers and probes of our own design. Results. The use of respiratory and surgical specimens with positive results of a molecular genetic test and microscopy makes it possible to differentiate epidemic subtypes of the Beijing genotype in 92.9% of cases. The frequency of detection of the Russian epidemic subtypes Central Asian (45.1%) and B0/W148 (20.3%) in clinical samples does not differ from data strains from the Irkutsk region. The «Mongolian» subtype Asian-African 2 of the Beijing genotype was not identified in the clinical samples in any case. Conclusions. The results indicate the applicability of the used tests for rapid monitoring as a stage in the complex of transboundary surveillance of tuberculosis.
A new coronavirus infection: aspects of complex comorbidity
Authors: Shkarin V. V. , Kovalishena O. V. , Murtayeva A. A. , Sergeeva A. V. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Currently, there is a significant increase in the combination of infectious and non-infectious pathology. as well as increasing the attention of researchers to this problem. The purpose. of this article is to review scientific data on the combination of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 with infectious and non-infectious pathology and to assess the phenomenon of complex comorbidity in relation to this new infection. Results. It was found that patients 60 years and older - all have complex comorbidity, which increases the risk of death by more than 7 times, and the presence of two or more comorbid diseases in patients compared with patients who had no more than one disease, the risk of death increased by 9 times. Conclusion. A high potential of combination with COVID-19 is shown, primarily with tuberculosis, HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, as well as with a large group of opportunistic infections.
Analysis of the list and availability of medicines used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in Ukraine
Authors: Заліська О. М. , Максимович Н. М. , Заболотня З. О. , Заліський Б. М. 
Published: May 2022

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is growing rapidly among the population, treatment protocols need to be reviewed, taking into account evidence-based medicine data and the introduction of new drugs and new forms in the country's market.
The aim of this study was to analyse the pharmaceutical component of treatment protocols in Ukraine, to conduct a comparative analysis of the list of medicines registered on the pharmaceutical market on 2022 (also in comparison with 2016). To determine the socio-economic affordability of TCGS for the treatment of AD at the regional level based on the availability ratio.
The objects of the study were topical glucocorticosteroids (TGCS) preparations according to the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine and the online resource «Apteka online». Analysis methods: information analysis, content analysis, marketing analysis, systematization and generalization.
The study of domestic protocols and the British recommendations for the treatment of AD showed that TGCS with evidence-based effectiveness are prescribed as first-line drugs, but domestic documents for the treatment of AD from 2016 need to be revised, taking into account actual evidence-based data. The results of this study of the TGCS assortment showed that as of February 1, 2022, there were 13 INN TGCS for the treatment of AD, corresponding to 104 trade names (TN) on the Ukrainian market. In 2016–2022, the assortment of TGKS increased in terms of TN by 10.6%, while imports grew by 16.1%, which indicates a positive trend in the segment. It was revealed that, compared with 2016, there is a negative trend of reducing the number of domestic producers of TCGS by 18.1%. Consequently, the share of imported TGCS preparations is 62.5%, which contributes to the growth of treatment costs.
An analysis of the assortment of TKGS according to the dosage form of the release shows that the main share among domestic drugs is ointments for, and for imported drugs – cream, but very small amounts in the form of lotions, emulsions. It was found that two medicines are low available: methylprednisolone aceponate, bemethasone, medicines have an average availability: mometasone furoate, bemethasone (lotion). It was revealed that the majority of domestically produced drugs are available to patients. It has been established that the range of TGCS in the treatment of AD is import-dependent, 5 INNs are not available in domestic production.
It has been substantiated that pharmacist should be aware of new TGCS, the features and duration of their administration in order to ensure good pharmaceutical care for the effective treatment of AD.
Efficacy decametoxin in vitro for quick inactivation of respiratory coronavirus
Authors: Дзюблик І. В. , Трохименко О. П. , Соловйов С. О. , Трохимчук В. В. , Боророва О. Л. , Яковенко О. К. 
Published: May 2022

Despite the fact that specific prophylaxis agents have already been widely introduced into medical practice in all countries of the world, and antiviral drugs are being developed and are undergoing the first stages of clinical trials, SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread in the human population. In this regard, an urgent medical problem today is the expansion of the arsenal of effective disinfectants and antiseptics, the action of which would be aimed at the rapid and complete inactivation of extracellular coronavirus, which is a very important element in controlling the spread of COVID-19.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of decamethoxin to have a virucidal effect against SARS-COV-2 and other human coronaviruses on the model of respiratory coronavirus IBV (infectious bronchitis virus) with an exposure time of 30, 60 and 120 seconds.
Classical and modern virological research methods were used in the work: determination of the cytotoxic effect of decamethoxin in cell culture by the effect on their viability, cultivation, accumulation and determination of the infectious titer of IBV by cytopathic action in cell culture; assessment of the virucidal effect of decamethoxin by the suspension method to determine the residual infectious titer of the virus in cell culture by the method of limiting dilutions.
The effectiveness of the antiseptic decamethoxin from the group of quaternary ammonium compounds was studied in relation to the prototype strain of the IBV (infection bronchitis virus) coronavirus family in vitro. It has been established that an isotonic solution of decamethoxin at a concentration of 100 μg/ml completely inactivates 3.0 lg(TCD50/0.1 ml) of the prototype respiratory coronavirus strain with a clinically significant contact time of 30–120 seconds at room temperature(18–24 оС). Decamethoxine has been shown to be an effective, fast-acting antiseptic capable of completely inactivating a prototype coronavirus strain. The revealed virucidal properties of decamethoxine in pharmacopoeially significant concentrations in relation to coronavirus allow to recommend it as an antiseptic in the development of methods for non-specific prevention of coronavirus infection in humans.
Efficiency of using bioregulators depending on the system and method of keeping of cows
Authors: Aminova A. L. , Yumaguzin I. F. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. For the reproduction of the breeding stock of cattle, the conditions of detention should maximally meet the optimal conditions for the life of animals. In this regard, the study of the characteristics of physiological changes after injections of bioregulators to induce estrus in cows under various systems and methods of keeping is of great importance and is an important area of research. The purpose of the work is to study the reproductive function of cows depending on age and various conditions of keeping.Methods. The results of the work are based on analytical, biometric, statistical methods and the authors’ own research.Results. In studies was found that a general decrease in the effectiveness of the use of GnRH analogs and hCG to increase fertility can occur due to treatments carried out in the summer months. The greatest effect of the use of GnRH and hCG preparations should be expected when they are introduced in parallel with insemination in induced estrus in the winter-spring and autumn-winter months. At the same time, the fertility rates in cows tethered were slightly higher in the stall-pasture system of keeping, and slightly lower in the camp-pasture system than in loose ones. When studying the reproductive function, depending on the number of lactations, as a result of the use of a complex of bioregulators, high indicators of cows that came into the hunt were obtained, from 74 to 91% of the total number of animals showed signs of estrus according to the different number of lactations. Cows with 1st and 2nd lactation have the highest rate for those who came into heat (91% and 87%) with the lowest insemination efficiency (47% and 49%, respectively). In cows of the 3rd and 4th lactations, the highest adjustment to the restoration of the ovarian cycle is observed, with the average indicators of those who came to the hunt, the highest insemination efficiency was subsequently obtained (70 and 75%, respectively). For three or more months after calving, more than half of the herd of calving cows (71.6%) were fruitfully inseminated.
Erratum: Heparin versus citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care: the RRAM observational study
Authors: Gould Doug W , Doidge James , Sadique M Zia , Borthwick Mark , Hatch Robert , Caskey Fergus J , Forni Lui , Lawrence Robert F , MacEwen Clare , Ostermann Marlies , Mouncey Paul R , Harrison David A , Rowan Kathryn M , Young J Duncan , Watkinson Peter J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Data corrected and figures revised.