bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Utilization of Medicines Sold in the Private Sector Post- Registration in South Africa and the Implications for Similar Countries
Authors: Mpanza Ntobeko Magnate , Godman Brian , Keele Godfrey , Matlala Moliehi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Regulatory authorities register medicines for patients to access these within a reasonable amount of time. There is a paucity of data available on the extent to which registered medicines reach the public after market authorisation by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA). The present study analysed the time taken for registered medicines to reach patients and further explored the relationship between medicines registered at SAHPRA and those dispensed in private pharmacies. Medicines registered by SAHPRA and those dispensed at retail pharmacies were compared and analysed.
Methods
A retrospective, descriptive and quantitative investigation was conducted over a period between 2014–2019. Registered and dispensed medicines were compared to establish accessibility post registration. Data sources included SAHPRA and IQVIA datasets. Microsoft excel and SAS (SAS Institute Inc, Carey, NC, USA), Release 9.4.was used for computation of descriptive statistical analysis.
Results
Of (N = 2175) registered medicines, only 358 (16.5%; 95% CI 15.0% − 18.1%) reached patients and out of 1735 medicines registered during 2015–2019 and only 57 (3.3%; 95% CI 2.5% − 4.2%) were dispensed during the study period. Medicines acting on the central nervous system were registered and dispensed the most at 21.0% and 18.0% respectively whereas antineoplastic and immunomodulation agents were registered the most and dispensed the least at 11% and 5% respectively. A concern was that only 13.0% of registered medicines were originators, with most either as generics, including branded generics, or pseudo-generics.
Conclusion
Regulatory measures should be implemented towards ensuring increased medicine access post-registration for new originators especially for priority disease areas to benefit patients. Mental health diseases and improved access to oncology medicines require special attention in South Africa.
m6A Demethylase FTO regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma invasion, migration
Authors: Liao Zhencheng , Ye Fan , Tao Ying , Wang Jun , Huang Guan , Yang Siyi , Lu Zhaoqun , Zhu Honglei , Wu Pingan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, the research interest in m6A has remained high, and the reason is that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common reversible methylation modification of eukaryotic mRNA and plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. However, abnormalities of the RNA m6A regulators (writers, erasers, and readers) have rarely been reported in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The expression of m6A regulators in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly diverse, and this diversity has important implications for the prognosis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MethodsWe firstly performed differential analysis of FTO expression in NPC and adjacent tissues, survival analysis of NPC patients associated with FTO expression, and immune signature of FTO immunity to NPC, in addition we did molecular biological function experiments and mouse tumorigenesis models were established to explore the role of FTO in the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Finally, we performed FTO gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore potential downstream pathways of FTO.ResultsIn the present study, we showed that FTO, one of the writers, was downregulated in NPC. Functional studies showed that FTO was underexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promoted the invasion and migration of NPC cells. However, overexpression of FTO reversed this effect and inhibited the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of FTO on immune infiltration of NPC. We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with immune cells and functional gene sets, we found that FTO also had a positive effect on the infiltration and activation of immune cells in the NPC microenvironment. We conducted Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to explore the potential downstream pathways of FTO. Our data demonstrate the significant correlation of FTO expression with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) genome closely related to cancer development, and the protective role of FTO during NPC progression. ConclusionsOur data demonstrate the significant correlation of FTO expression with the KEGG genome closely related to cancer development, and the protective role of FTO during NPC progression, and suggest that FTO may be a promising target for future NPC therapy.
Linear free-energy relationships (LFER) and solvation thermodynamics: The case of water and aqueous systems
Authors: Panayiotou Costas , Khalifeh Hadil Abu , Zuburtikudis Ioannis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Abraham solvation parameter model, known alternatively as the Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSER) model, is critically examined for its capacity to predict the hydration free energy for a variety of solutes. The very linearity of the LSER approach is reconsidered as regards the hydrogen-bonding contribution to solvation free energy. This is done by combining the equation-of-state solvation thermodynamics with the statistical thermodynamics of hydrogen bonding. Thus, this hydrogen-bonding contribution is placed on a firm thermodynamic basis and the predictive calculations are now possible with known acidity and basicity, A and B, molecular descriptors. Additional LFER coefficients are no longer needed for the calculations. The methodology for the derivation of the new linear equations for the hydrogen-bonding contribution to solvation free energy is presented along with examples of calculations. The implication for the exchange of information on intermolecular interactions between diverse Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships (QSPR) and other approaches is discussed. The proposed changes and descriptor adjustments augments the LSER capacity for solvent screening and use in numerous applications in the broader chemical, biochemical and environmental sector. A critical discussion of perspectives and the challenging issues is also presented.
Mapping of Flood Risk Zones Using Multi-Criteria Approach and Radar - A Case Study of Ala and Akure-Ofosu Communities, Ondo State Nigeria.
Authors: Fagunloye Olamiposi Caleb 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Floods are among the world's most catastrophic natural disasters, claiming countless lives and destroying homes, businesses, public buildings, farms, and crops. Studies reveal that it's not the flood itself that's dangerous, but how vulnerable people are to its effects. This research examines flood-prone areas in Ala and Akure-Ofosu. Identify factors that produce flooding in the research region; categorize each criterion according to their influence on causing floods; construct a flood risk map; estimate flood damage using Sentinel-1A SAR data; compare AHP results. The research used a literature review and geo-data collecting with a GIS-computer database to georeference fieldwork data. Built-up, Cropland, Rock, Waterbody, and Forest were categorized using 2020 Sentinel 2A images. Thematic maps were employed for Land use and Land cover, slope, rainfall, soil, Euclidean River Distance, and Flow accumulation. Multi-criteria analysis was done by assessing flood risk and GIS elements. A flood risk map was created by weighting the overlay. Five flood zones were created (Very High, High, Moderate, Low, and Very Low). 5% of the study area, or 35km2, is at high risk, 21% is low, and 74% is mild. Copernicus SAR data pre- and post-flood were processed on Google Earth Engine to map flood extent and determine if the MCA map accurately represents flood-prone locations in the research area. The research suggests periodic review, real-time flood susceptibility monitoring, early warning, and swift damage assessment to prevent flood hazards and other environmental threats.
Sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Rwanda: A comparative study
Authors: NSENGIMANA Amon , Mugabo Eric , Niyonsenga Japhet , Hategekimana Jean Claude , Biracyaza Emmanuel , Mutarambirwa Renauvat , Ngabo Emile , Nduwayezu Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Good sleep quality is critical to health and wellbeing. However, due to a hectic modern world, sleep is ignored thus poor sleep quality remains one of the endemics affecting medical students than the general population. Regrettably, little has been studied about this alarming issue in Rwanda. Therefore, this study determined the sleep quality of undergraduate medical students in Rwanda and explored existing differences in sleep quality across all classes.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 undergraduate medical students who were randomly recruited countrywide from 1st November 2021 to 1st March 2022.The questionnaire was self-administered with 2 sections: socio-demographic characteristics and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chisquare test was used to compare components of sleep quality while ANOVA was used to test the difference across all classes.
Results
Of the 290 respondents,167 (58%) and 123(42%) were male and female respectively. Subjective sleep quality of 102(85%) in fourth year was reported fairly good to very good. Falling asleep took the majority in this class 30 minutes or less, 106(88.4%). Sleeping duration was 5–6 hours per night in most las year students, 44(75.9%). The use of medication to fall asleep was mostly observed among first year students ,3(11%). The habitual sleep efficiency was below 65% in the majority from last year 53(91.4%). There was mild to moderate sleep disturbances reported in most fourth-year students ,106(88.3%) while 38(86.7%) third year students reported daytime dysfunctions. The overall PSQI was > 5 among 231(80%) indicating poor sleep quality and it was particularly poorer among final year students, 50(86.2%) had PSQI > 5.The subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction were significant across classes ((F = 3.347, p-value = 0.001), (F = 2.196, p-value = 0.007), (F = 10.2, p-value = < 0.001), (F = 3.604, p-value = 0.007)) respectively.
Conclusions
The prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students in Rwanda is high. The issue is even worse among final year medical students who presented poorest sleep quality. Two sleep components including habitual sleep efficiency and sleep duration were the poorest. Intervention methods like sleep education, behavioral changes, and relaxation techniques are recommended to address contributing factors and eventually maximize their academic purposes.
A Framework for Intrusion Detection Models for IoT Networks using Deep Learning
Authors: Bajpai Soumya , Sharma Kapil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intruders can conduct increasingly devastating cyber-attacks because of the exponential rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which provides a wide attack surface for them. With malicious behavior, the intruder sought to deplete the target IoT network’s resources. We are using a machine learning algorithm in a well-designed dataset for IoT networks. Firstly we discussed some other intrusion detection datasets. Secondly, we are using the IoTID20 dataset and discussed its advantages from [1]. Thirdly we extract some important features from the dataset. Finally, we apply machine learning algorithms like linear Algorithm, Random forest, gradient boost Algorithm, etc.. to the dataset by which anomaly detection will be identified with high accuracy by using these learning techniques
Electrocardiographic T wave abnormality and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in Amhara National Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia: Multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sinamaw Deresse , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Chilot Dagmawi , Gela Yibeltal Yismaw , Diress Mengistie , Seid Abdulwase Mohammed , Simegn Wudneh , Kibret Anteneh Ayelign , Eshetu Habitu Birhan , Bitew Desalegn Anmut , Agmas Amare , Seid Mohammed Abdu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The T wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents typically ventricular repolarization. However, various waveform morphologies may indicate benign or clinically significant injury or insult to the myocardium. There is no study about the electrocardiographic T wave abnormalities among type 2 DM patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study determined the overall prevalence and the associated factors of T wave abnormalities among people living with T2DM in Amhara National Regional State referral hospitals, Ethiopia.Methods: A multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 01 January to 30 March 2022. Simple random sampling and systematic sampling techniques were employed to select the referral hospitals and study participants, respectively. A digital electrocardiograph was used to measure the T wave patterns, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and some clinical factors. Epi-data version-4.6 and Stata-14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. The descriptive statistics were presented with tables and graphs. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors of T wave abnormality. In the final model, statistical significance was decided at p<0.05, and the strength of association was indicated using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Results: Two-hundred and fifty-eight participants (response rate=99.6%) were included for the analysis. The prevalence of overall T wave abnormality was 21.7% (95% CI: 19, 29.2%). Higher monthly income (>90$) (AOR=0.16 [0.06, 0.46]), hypertension 5.55 (AOR=5.55 [2.12, 14.49]), fasting blood sugar of >130mg/dl 6.38 (AOR=6.38 [1.94, 20.94]), were statistically significant factors of T wave abnormality. Conclusions: Higher income, hypertension, and higher fasting blood sugar were significantly associated with ECG abnormality. The findings of this study suggest the need to institute routine ECG screening for all T2DM patients to reduce silent myocardial ischemia and further complications.
Sonocatalytic removal of naphthalene from an aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Suresh S. , Kumari Preety , Jha Jay Mant , Verma Sarika , Arisutha S. , Lens Piet N. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This research presents the sonocatalytic degradation of naphthalene from an aqueous medium using a zinc oxide (ZnO) catalyst synthesised by the thermal decomposition method. The present paper also aims to apply the response surface methodology for the evaluation of the effect of different parameters on the degradation rate. The optimum parameters were found to be 50 min of reaction time, 2.2 g/l of the ZnO catalyst mass, 30 °C, 280 V, and 80 mg/l of initial concentration under a constant ultrasonic treatment at 20 kHz and 260 W of power intensity. The elemental composition of the catalyst was as follows: Zn 25.18%, O 37.03%, Mg 3.20%, K 0.83%, Ca 4.05%, N 5.07%, Na 4.13%, Cl 3.43%, and Fe 0.32%. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) confirmed the Zn–O bond stretching at 510 cm−1. The degradation efficiency of naphthalene was almost double when the ZnO catalyst was used. The naphthalene degradation rate was a first-order reaction. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that the quadratic model is suitable for the obtained data (P-value = 0.0001) and in an optimal process, performance conditions were set equal to 100%. Regression analysis with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.989) and the model F-value of 6.94 indicated the adequacy of the model. The reusability study revealed that ZnO as a catalyst sustained the catalytic activity over five cycles.
Perceived Stress and Quality of Life in Healthcare Workers of Non-COVID-19-Designated Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine
Authors: Mats Oksana , Karpik Zoriana , Boiko Dmytro , Rud Vadym , Zhyvotovska Liliia 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Healthcare workers are more vulnerable to negative influences of the Covid-19 pandemic than cross-border travelers as they experience greater occupational stress, exacerbated by the possibility of self-contamination or contamination of their relatives through direct contact with patients, reduced social communication, deterioration in self-care and quality of life due to lack of energy and time.
The aim of the study was to assess the level of stress and quality of life in healthcare workers of non-COVID-19-designated hospitals in Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods. There was carried out a case-control study that included 150 respondents divided into three groups: experimental groups (EG) 1 and 2 comprised 50 physicians and 50 nurses of non-COVID-19-designated hospitals, respectively; the control group (CG) included 50 healthy individuals not working in the healthcare field. The data were collected using paper questionnaires involving sociodemographic questions, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.
Results. EG 1 and EG 2 had significantly increased stress levels as compared to the CG. Physical functioning criterion in EG 2 was significantly lower than those in EG 1 and the CG. Vitality and social functioning indicators were significantly lower in EG 1 and EG 2 as compared to the CG. Quality of mental health was worse in EG 1 than in the CG.
Conclusions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers of non-COVID-19-designated hospitals experienced a significant reorganization of their work environment, which required them to adjust rapidly to new conditions and psychological difficulties. The medical staff was found to have an increased level of perceived stress and decreased quality of life, which could affect the quality of medical care. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the development and implementation of stress coping measures to improve mental and physical health of healthcare workers, which can be used to achieve proper work and rest routines, create a microclimate within the team, and restore the work-life balance.
Effects of Social Media Use on Connectivity and Emotions During Pandemic-Induced School Closures: Qualitative Interview Study Among Adolescents
Authors: Liang Elisa , Kutok Emily R , Rosen Rochelle K , Burke Taylor A , Ranney Megan L 
Published: September 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine social media and technology use during a time in which technology served as adolescents’ primary form of socialization. The literature is mixed regarding how increased screen time during this period affected adolescent mental health and well-being. The mechanisms by which screen time use affected adolescent psychosocial outcomes are also unknown.

Objective
We aimed to deepen our understanding of how social media and technology use, social connectivity, and emotional well-being intersected during pandemic-related school closures.

Methods
English-speaking adolescents aged 13 to 17 years were recruited on Instagram for a brief screening survey; 39 participants were purposefully selected to complete a semistructured interview regarding their social media and technology use during the pandemic. Interview summaries were abstracted from recordings, and deductive codes were created for the primary question stems. These codes were subsequently reviewed for the main themes.

Results
The main themes were as follows: adolescent social media and technology use during school closures usually allowed for more and easier social connectivity, but the amount and relative ease of connectivity differed according to purpose and type of use. Emotions, particularly those of stress and happiness, were connected to whether adolescents actively or passively engaged with social media and technology.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a nuanced relationship among social media and technology use, adolescent social support, and emotional well-being, including during the pandemic. Specifically, how adolescents use or engage with web-based platforms greatly influences their ability to connect with others and their feelings of stress and happiness. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and as technology in general remains at the core of the adolescent experience, future research should continue to examine how adolescents navigate and use web-based spaces in beneficial and harmful ways. This will inform education and interventions that foster healthy social media and technological habits.
Improved Glycemia and Quality of Life Among Loop Users: Analysis of Real-world Data From a Single Center
Authors: Morrison Amy E , Chong Kimberley , Lai Valerie , Farnsworth Kate , Senior Peter A , Lam Anna 
Published: September 2022

Background
Despite do-it-yourself automated insulin delivery being an unapproved method of insulin delivery, an increasing number of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) worldwide are choosing to use Loop, a do-it-yourself automated insulin delivery system.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to assess glycemic outcomes, safety, and the perceived impact on quality of life (QOL) in a local Edmonton cohort of known Loop users.

Methods
An observational study of adults with T1D who used Loop was performed. An assessment of glycemic and safety outcomes, HbA1c, time in range, hospital admissions, and time below range compared users most recent 6 months of Loop use, with their prior regulatory approved insulin delivery method. QOL outcomes were assessed using Insulin Dosing Systems: Perceptions, Ideas, Reflections, and Expectations, diabetes impact, and device satisfaction measures (with maximum scores of 100, 10, and 10, respectively) and semistructured interviews.

Results
The 24 adults with T1D who took part in this study 16 (67%) were female, with a median age of 33 (IQR 28-45) years, median duration of diabetes of 22 (IQR 17-32) years, median pre-Loop HbA1c of 7.9% (IQR 7.6%-8.3%), and a median duration of Loop use of 18 (IQR 12-25) months. During Loop use, the participants had median (IQR) values of 7.1% (6.5%-7.5%), 54 mmol (48-58) for HbA1c and 76.5% (64.6%-81.9%) for time in range, which were a significant improvement from prior therapy (P=.001 and P=.005), with a nonsignificant reduction in time below range; 3.0 to 3.9 mmol/L (P=.17) and <3 mmol/L (P=.53). Overall, 2 episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in a total of 470 months of Loop use, and no severe hypoglycemia occurred. The positive impact of Loop use on QOL was explored in qualitative analysis and additionally demonstrated through a median Insulin Dosing Systems: Perceptions, Ideas, Reflections, and Expectations score of 86 (IQR 79-95), a median diabetes impact score of 2.8 (IQR 2.1-3.9), and a median device satisfaction score of 9 (IQR 8.2-9.4).

Conclusions
This local cohort of people with T1D demonstrated a beneficial effect of Loop use on both glycemic control and QOL, with no safety concerns being highlighted.