bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography versus angiography to guide percutaneous intervention: a real-world single center propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Dadarwal A , Roy S , Sharma A K , Sharma K K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with its superior resolution has several benefits over coronary angiography (CA) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite the benefits of OCT in comparison with angiography, it is not widely used in developing countries like India data is limited in India specifically in all comer population to meet unmet need.

Objective
Here we aim to determine the clinical efficacy and safety outcomes of OCT versus CA alone in guiding PCI in all-comer patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective study which included 434 all comer patients which were propensity matched. These patients underwent PCI at our center between December 2018 and June 2020. The primary endpoint was MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, recurrent ischemia and target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) at 6 months. Secondary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), composite of stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Safety endpoints were post-PCI s. creatinine and hospital stay and other outcome includes post PCI rise in CK-MB.

Results
A total of 217 patients were included in each group: the OCT group and conventional angiography guided PCI (angio group) after propensity matching. Compared to angio group, patients presenting with unstable angina, NSTEMI were significantly higher in the OCT group (55.7% vs 43.3%, p = 0.0095; 17.5% vs 10%, p = 0.02, respectively) while patients with STEMI were significantly low in the OCT (23.5% vs 41.5%, p = 0.00005). Number of balloons, maximum balloon size and left main interventions and contrast volume were more in OCT group than angio group (4.21 ± 1.67 vs 3.86 ± 1.76, P= 0.0034; 3.77 ± 0.63 mm vs 3.51 ± 0.52 mm,P &lt; 0.0001; 24.52% vs 13.36 %,P = 0.003 and 202.53 ± 73.15 ml vs 161.91 ± 69.23 ml, P&lt; 0.0001 respectively). The incidence of MACE at 6 months was numerically lower in the OCT group vs angio group but the difference was not statistically significant (15 [6.9%] vs 21 [9.7%]; p = 0.2964). No cases of TV-MI, TLF (stent thrombosis or in-stent restenosis) is observed in both the groups. Post procedure rise in CKMB was more in Angio group in comparison to OCT group (6.16 ± 31.28 ng/ml vs 39.5 ± 108.71 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.001). Optimal stent expansion (&gt;80%) was seen in 71.5% patients in post OCT-guided PCI. In OCT guided PCI group, OCT identified stent underexpansion in 28.5%, stent malapposition in 3.7%, stent edge dissection in 4.1%, and tissue prolapse in 10% of the patients.

Conclusion
In this large retrospective study, OCT guided PCI is feasible and OCT-guided PCI has tendency to improve clinical outcomes at six months follow up compared to conventional angiography guided PCI in all comer patients. Abstract Figure. central illustration Abstract Figure. Identification of PCI complications
Serum uric acid is positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in young adults
Authors: Correa T , De Oliveira I O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Science and Technology Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Health.

Introduction
Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism, and its increase can be related to excessive production or decreased renal excretion. Serum uric acid (SUA) has been positively and independently associated with inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic diseases in observational studies, but causal roles remain unclear.1,2

Purpose
The aim of this study is to assess the associations of SUA with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 22-year-old individuals from a 1993 birth cohort in Brazil.

Methods
During 1993, all live born babies in the city were invited to take part in a prospective study and sub-samples of this cohort were followed-up since then. At the 22-year follow-up, interviews and clinical measurements were performed and non-fasting blood samples were drawn from the participants. SBP and DBP were obtained calculating the mean of two measurements (at the beginning and the end of the interview) using a blood pressure monitoring device. SUA was evaluated by enzymatic-colorimetric assay. The co-variables taken into consideration were cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, glucose, and total cholesterol) and behavioral risk factors (excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and smoking). Sex-stratified linear regressions have been performed and p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The sample was composed of 1660 (47.7%) men and 1822 (53.7%) women of approximately 22 years old. Mean (±SD) SUA (mg/dL) was higher in men (5.2 ± 1.2 vs. 3.9 ± 1.1). The same was observed for SBP (mmHg) [131.6 ± 12.3 vs. 116.9 ± 11.0] and DBP (mmHg) [73.8 ± 8.6 vs. 72.4 ± 8.7]. The adjusted linear regression coefficient (95%CI) between SUA and SBP was 0.014 (0.009; 0.019) for men and 0.015 (0.010; 0.019) for women; both with p &lt; 0.001. The adjusted linear regression coefficient (95%CI) between SUA and DBP was 0.03 (0.023; 0.037) for men and 0.021 (0.015; 0.027) for women; both with p &lt; 0.001. Higher tertiles of SBP and DBP were independently associated with higher SUA concentrations in men and women (p &lt; 0.001) (Table).

Conclusions
In our study, SUA was positively associated with SBP and DBP in men and women independent of potential confounders. This finding reinforces that uric acid is associated with cardiovascular risk factors since early adult age. Abstract Figure.
Normal weight central obesity among Filipinos and its association with cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Toledano B , Yap E M , Vilela G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Philippine Lipid Atherosclerotic Society

Background
Normal weight central obesity reflects an increased visceral fat and low lean mass hence its association with cardiovascular diseases

Purpose
The study aims to measure the prevalence of normal weight central obesity, to measure its association with cardiovascular diseases and to compare it across the different types of obesity among Filipinos.

Methods
The participants were Filipinos aged 20 years old and above who had participated and completed the desired data in the National Nutrition Survey II which employed a stratified multistage sampling that covered the entire Philippine population. The participants were categorized into the following groups: normal weight (NW) (BMI 18.5-24/9 kg/m²) and no central obesity; normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) (WC ≥80cm or WHR ≥ 0.85 for females, WC≥ 90cm or WHR ≥ 0.90 for males); overweight (OW) (BMI ≥ 25-29.9kg/m²); overweight with central obesity (OWCO); obese (OB) (BMI ≥30kg/m²) and obese with central obesity (OBCO). A Binary logistic regression was utilized to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Results
A total of 5,920 participants (2,883 men and 3,037 women) were analyzed. The prevalence of NWCO was 39.3%. In comparison to NW, the ORs for hypertension (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.58-2.1, p=.001), diabetes (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.0, p=.001), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5, p=.002), in OBCO hypertension (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.7,2.8, p&lt;.001), diabetes (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8,3.9, p&lt;.001) and in OWCO hypertension (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.43-1.9, p=.001), diabetes (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.2-2.0, p=.001), dyslipidemia (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.1-1.5, p=.004) were significantly higher in NWCO

Conclusion
Normal weight central obesity is a common finding among Filipinos and is associated with higher risk of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in comparison to obese and overweight with or without central obesity. Abstract Figure. Prevalence and CO vs non CO Abstract Figure. NWCO versus OBCO and OWCO
Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Older Individuals With Depression Prescribed Amphetamines: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Latronica James R , Tuan Wen Jan , Clegg Taylor J , Silvis Matthew L , Bone Curtis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Prescription amphetamines are utilized for treatment of depression in older adults, yet cardiovascular risks in this population are not well described. The purpose of this study is to evaluate risk of cardiovascular events among adults aged 65 and older with depression who were prescribed amphetamines.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study utilizing the TriNetx database and statistical software. The 1:1 propensity score matching technique was performed using logistic regression to balance the baseline characteristics of the population. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of depression and age 65 years and older. We excluded individuals with an adverse cardiovascular event or diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder prior to enrollment. Individuals were followed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. Those prescribed an amphetamine were considered exposed and others served as controls. We used descriptive statistics and calculated risk ratios to assess the relationship between amphetamine prescriptions and cardiovascular events in these cohorts.

Results
There were 4 434 included in the exposed cohort and 4 434 matched controls in the unexposed group. The cohort exposed to amphetamines had higher high-density lipoprotein along with lower low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, hemoglobin A1C, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index than the control group, but increased risk of cardiovascular events (risk ratio: 8.9; 95% confidence interval: 6.39, 12.48).

Conclusions
Amphetamines offer potential benefits to people with depression; however, these data suggest increased risk of cardiovascular events among older individuals. Additional research is warranted to fully characterize risk among subpopulations of older adults and inform patient–provider decision making.
Older Adults in the United States Have Worse Cardiometabolic Health Compared to England
Authors: Pongiglione Benedetta , Ploubidis George B , Dowd Jennifer B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExplanations for lagging life expectancy in the United States compared to other high-income countries have focused largely on “deaths of despair,” but attention has also shifted to the role of stalling improvements in cardiovascular disease and the obesity epidemic. Using harmonized data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we assess differences in self-reported and objective measures of health, among older adults in the United States and England and explore whether the differences in body mass index (BMI) documented between the United States and England explain the U.S. disadvantage. Older adults in the United States have a much higher prevalence of diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high inflammation (C-reactive protein) compared to English adults. While the distribution of BMI is shifted to the right in the United States with more people falling into extreme obesity categories, these differences do not explain the cross-country differences in measured biological risk. We conclude by considering how country differences in health may have affected the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in both countries.
Bacterial colonization and TH17 immunity are shaped by intestinal sialylation in neonatal mice
Authors: Irons Eric E , Cortes Gomez Eduardo , Andersen Valerie L , Lau Joseph T Y 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interactions between the neonate host and its gut microbiome are central to the development of a healthy immune system. However, the mechanisms by which animals alter early colonization of microbiota for their benefit remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of early-life expression of the α2,6-sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 in microbiome phylogeny and mucosal immunity. Fecal, upper respiratory, and oral microbiomes of pups expressing or lacking St6gal1 were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. At weaning, the fecal microbiome of St6gal1-KO mice had reduced Clostridiodes, Coprobacillus, and Adlercreutzia, but increased Helicobacter and Bilophila. Pooled fecal microbiomes from syngeneic donors were transferred to antibiotic-treated wild-type mice, before analysis of recipient mucosal immune responses by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, microscopy, and ELISA. Transfer of St6gal1-KO microbiome induced a mucosal Th17 response, with expression of T-bet and IL-17, and IL-22-dependent gut lengthening. Early life intestinal sialylation was characterized by RT-qPCR, immunoblot, microscopy, and sialyltransferase enzyme assays in genetic mouse models at rest or with glucocorticoid receptor modulators. St6gal1 expression was greatest in the duodenum, where it was mediated by the P1 promoter and efficiently inhibited by dexamethasone. Our data show that the inability to produce α2,6-sialyl ligands contributes to microbiome-dependent Th17 inflammation, highlighting a pathway by which the intestinal glycosylation regulates mucosal immunity.
Polygenic risk impactsPDGFRAmutation penetrance in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors: Yu Yao , Alvarado Rolando , Petty Lauren E , Bohlender Ryan J , Shaw Douglas M , Below Jennifer E , Bejar Nada , Ruiz Oscar E , Tandon Bhavna , Eisenhoffer George T , Kiss Daniel L , Huff Chad D , Letra Ariadne , Hecht Jacqueline T 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common, severe craniofacial malformation that imposes significant medical, psychosocial and financial burdens. NSCL/P is a multifactorial disorder with genetic and environmental factors playing etiologic roles. Currently, only 25% of the genetic variation underlying NSCL/P has been identified by linkage, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and genome-wide genotyping followed by polygenic risk score (PRS) and linkage analyses were used to identify the genetic etiology of NSCL/P in a large three-generation family. We identified a rare missense variant in PDGFRA (c.C2740T; p.R914W) as potentially etiologic in a gene-based association test using pVAAST (P = 1.78 × 10−4) and showed decreased penetrance. PRS analysis suggested that variant penetrance was likely modified by common NSCL/P risk variants, with lower scores found among unaffected carriers. Linkage analysis provided additional support for PRS-modified penetrance, with a 7.4-fold increase in likelihood after conditioning on PRS. Functional characterization experiments showed that the putatively causal variant was null for signaling activity in vitro; further, perturbation of pdgfra in zebrafish embryos resulted in unilateral orofacial clefting. Our findings show that a rare PDGFRA variant, modified by additional common NSCL/P risk variants, have a profound effect on NSCL/P risk. These data provide compelling evidence for multifactorial inheritance long postulated to underlie NSCL/P and may explain some unusual familial patterns.
Distinct roles of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex: α-dystrobrevin and α-syntrophin in the maintenance of the postsynaptic apparatus of the neuromuscular synapse
Authors: Valenzuela Isabel Martinez-Pena y , Chen Po-Ju , Barden Joseph , Kosloski Olivia , Akaaboune Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Abstractα-syntrophin (α-syn) and α-dystrobrevin (α-dbn), two components of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex, are essential for the maturation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and mice deficient in either α-syn or α-dbn exhibit similar synaptic defects. However, the functional link between these two proteins and whether they exert distinct or redundant functions in the postsynaptic organization of the NMJ remain largely unknown. We generated and analyzed the synaptic phenotype of double heterozygote (α-dbn+/−, α-syn+/−), and double homozygote knockout (α-dbn−/−; α-syn−/−) mice and examined the ability of individual molecules to restore their defects in the synaptic phenotype. We showed that in double heterozygote mice, NMJs have normal synaptic phenotypes and no signs of muscular dystrophy. However, in double knockout mice (α-dbn−/−; α-syn−/−), the synaptic phenotype (the density, the turnover and the distribution of AChRs within synaptic branches) is more severely impaired than in single α-dbn−/− or α-syn−/− mutants. Furthermore, double mutant and single α-dbn−/− mutant mice showed more severe exercise-induced fatigue and more significant reductions in grip strength than single α-syn−/− mutant and wild-type. Finally, we showed that the overexpression of the transgene α-syn-GFP in muscles of double mutant restores primarily the abnormal extensions of membrane containing AChRs that extend beyond synaptic gutters and lack synaptic folds, whereas the overexpression of α-dbn essentially restores the abnormal dispersion of patchy AChR aggregates in the crests of synaptic folds. Altogether, these data suggest that α-syn and α-dbn act in parallel pathways and exert distinct functions on the postsynaptic structural organization of NMJs.
Matching in Cities
Authors: Dauth Wolfgang , Findeisen Sebastian , Moretti Enrico , Suedekum Jens 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using administrative German data, we show that large cities allow for a more efficient matching between workers and firms and this has important consequences for geographical inequality. Specifically, the match between high-quality workers and high-quality plants is significantly tighter in large cities relative to small cities. Wages in large cities are higher not only because of the higher worker quality but also because of a stronger assortative matching. Strong assortative matching in large cities magnifies wage differences caused by worker sorting, and is a key factor in explaining the growth of geographical wage disparities over the last three decades.
Lineage in Its Spatial Context: Epigraphy, Geography, and the Formation of Political Unity in Medieval Mewar
Authors: Newman Adam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between a late tenth-century Sanskrit inscription, a late fifteenth-century sthalapurāṇa known as Ekaliṅgamāhātmya, and several other intervening inscriptions coming from the Mewar region of Rajasthan. Through an examination of these records, I argue that the royal inscriptions coming from early medieval Mewar must be understood not only in terms of the light they place on the royal lineage, but also, and more importantly, they must be understood in terms of their geographical contexts. I further argue that the Ekaliṅgamāhātmya, a courtly narrative extolling the region of Mewar and its rulers, should be seen as the ideological culmination of these past inscriptional records. By privileging geographical descriptions of sacred spaces above royal lineage claims, the authors of these records demonstrate the mutual imbrication of geography and power in medieval Rajasthan.
A comparative analysis of intelligent techniques to predict energy generated by a small wind turbine from atmospheric variables
Authors: Porras Santiago , Jove Esteban , Baruque Bruno , Calvo-Rolle José Luis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The harmful consequences of fossil fuels use has resulted in the promotion of clean and renewable energies. During the past decades, green technologies have experienced a strong development, paying especial attention to wind energy, that covers a significant share of the electric energy demand. In this context, the main efforts are focused on the optimization of wind generator facilities, not only in the mechanic design but also in the energy management. Then, the present work deals with the prediction of the energy generated in a small wind turbine placed in a bioclimatic house located on the north west region of Spain. This includes an analysis of the characteristics of the atmospheric variables registered during the turbine operation for a period of one year and an exploratory examination of a range of regression techniques in order to assess the suitability of using the registered information to predict the installation’s power generation levels on the short term. The study detailed in this work proves that this objective is an attainable one with a good degree of accuracy.
Workforce Caring for Cancer Survivors in the United States: Estimates and Projections of Use
Authors: Mariotto Angela B , Enewold Lindsey , Parsons Helen , Zeruto Christopher A , Yabroff K Robin , Mayer Deborah K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aims to quantify the extent and diversity of the cancer care workforce, beyond medical oncologists, to inform future demand because the number of cancer survivors is expected to grow in the United States.

Methods
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data were used to evaluate health-care use of cancer survivors diagnosed between 2000 and 2014, enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare Parts A and B, and 65 years or older in 2008-2015. We calculated percentage of cancer survivors who saw each clinician specialty and their average annual number of visits in each phase of care. We projected the national number of individuals receiving care and number of annual visits by clinician specialty and phase of care through 2040.

Results
Cancer survivors had higher care use in the first year after diagnosis and last year of life phases. During the initial year after cancer diagnosis, most survivors were seen for cancer-related care by a medical oncologist (59.1%), primary care provider (55.9%), and/or other cancer-treating physicians (42.2%). The percentage of survivors with cancer-related visits to each specialty declined after the first year after diagnosis, plateauing after year 6-7. However, at 10 or more years after diagnosis, approximately 20% of cancer survivors had visits to medical oncologists and an average of 4 visits a year.

Conclusions
Cancer survivors had higher care use in the first year after diagnosis and last year of life. High levels of care use across specialties in all phases of care have important implications for models of survivorship care coordination and workforce planning.