bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent genetic exchanges and admixture shape the genome and population structure of the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Corsi Giulia I. , Tichkule Swapnil , Sannella Anna Rosa , Vatta Paolo , Asnicar Francesco , Segata Nicola , Jex Aaron R. , van Oosterhout Cock , Cacciò Simone M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCryptosporidium parvum is a globally distributed zoonotic pathogen and a major cause of diarrhoeal disease in humans and ruminants. The parasite's life cycle comprises an obligatory sexual phase, during which genetic exchanges can occur between previously isolated lineages. Here, we compare 32 whole genome sequences from human‐ and ruminant‐derived parasite isolates collected across Europe, Egypt and China. We identify three strongly supported clusters that comprise a mix of isolates from different host species, geographic origins, and subtypes. We show that: (1) recombination occurs between ruminant isolates into human isolates; (2) these recombinant regions can be passed on to other human subtypes through gene flow and population admixture; (3) there have been multiple genetic exchanges, and most are probably recent; (4) putative virulence genes are significantly enriched within these genetic exchanges, and (5) this results in an increase in their nucleotide diversity. We carefully dissect the phylogenetic sequence of two genetic exchanges, illustrating the long‐term evolutionary consequences of these events. Our results suggest that increased globalization and close human‐animal contacts increase the opportunity for genetic exchanges between previously isolated parasite lineages, resulting in spillover and spillback events. We discuss how this can provide a novel substrate for natural selection at genes involved in host–parasite interactions, thereby potentially altering the dynamic coevolutionary equilibrium in the Red Queens arms race.
Peripheral endothelial and microvascular damage in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Papagiouvanni Ioanna , Theodorakopoulou Marieta P. , Sarafidis Pantelis A. , Sinakos Emmanouil , Goulis Ioannis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies using any available functional method to examine differences in peripheral endothelial function between cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic individuals.MethodsLiterature search involved PubMed, Web‐of‐Science, and Scopus databases, as well as gray literature sources. We included studies in adult subjects evaluating endothelial function with any semi‐invasive or non‐invasive functional method in patients with and without liver cirrhosis.ResultsFrom 3378 records initially retrieved, 15 studies with a total of 570 participants were included in the final quantitative meta‐analysis. In six studies examining endothelial function with flow‐mediated‐dilatation, no differences between patients with cirrhosis and controls were evident (WMD: 1.33, 95%CI [−2.87, 5.53], I2 = 97%, p < .00001). Among studies assessing differences in endothelial‐dependent or endothelial‐independent vasodilation with venous‐occlusion‐plethysmography, there were no significant differences between the two groups. When pooling all studies together, regardless of the technique used, no significant difference in endothelial function between cirrhotic patients and controls was observed(SMD: 0.79, 95%CI[−0.04, 1.63], I2 = 94%, p < .00001).ConclusionsNo differences in peripheral endothelial function assessed with semi‐invasive or non‐invasive functional methods exist between cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic subjects. The increasing co‐existence of cardiovascular risk factors leading to impaired vascular reactivity in cirrhotic patients may partly explain these findings.
Tight junction channels claudin‐10b and claudin‐15: Functional mapping of pore‐lining residues
Authors: Hempel Caroline , Rosenthal Rita , Fromm Anja , Krug Susanne M. , Fromm Michael , Günzel Dorothee , Piontek Jörg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough functional and structural models for paracellular channels formed by claudins have been reported, mechanisms regulating charge and size selectivity of these channels are unknown in detail. Here, claudin‐15 and claudin‐10b cation channels showing high‐sequence similarity but differing channel properties were analyzed. Mutants of pore‐lining residues were expressed in MDCK‐C7 cells. In claudin‐15, proposed ion interaction sites (D55 and E64) conserved between both claudins were neutralized. D55N and E64Q substitutions decreased ion permeabilities, and D55N/E64Q had partly additive effects. D55N increased cation dehydration capability and decreased pore diameter. Additionally, residues differing between claudin‐15 and ‐10b close to pore center were analyzed. Claudin‐10b–mimicking W63K affected neither assembly nor function of claudin‐15 channels. In contrast, in claudin‐10b, corresponding (claudin‐15b‐mimicking) K64W and K64M substitutions disturbed integration into tight junction and slightly altered relative permeabilities for differently sized monovalent cations. Removal of claudin‐10b–specific negative charge (D36A substitution) was without effect. The data suggest that a common tetra‐aspartate ring (D55/D56) in pore center of claudin‐15/‐10b channels directly attracts cations, while E64/D65 may be at least partly shielded by W63/K64. Charge at position W63/K64 affects assembly and properties for claudin‐10b but not for claudin‐15 channels. Our findings add to the mechanistic understanding of the determinants of paracellular cation permeability.
Federal budget process reform: An economics perspective, with imperfect, “Human” decision‐makers
Authors: Phaup Marvin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper develops and supports the thesis that the performance of the federal budget process would be improved by the criteria of efficiency and stability by the addition of an explicit budget constraint with ex ante budgeting for fiscal shocks. Adding a constraint would nudge policymakers to choose more efficient policies, while reducing the risk of a fiscal crisis. Anticipating and provisioning for shocks in advance of occurrence would avoid undermining the constraint ex post. Both changes could be effected by a behaviorally‐informed version of a proposal originally advanced and endorsed by economists in the 1950s.
Delayed vaccination the children up to 2 years of age
Authors: Garcia Érica Marvila , Waldman Eliseu Alves , Toriyama Aurea Tamami Minagawa , Sato Ana Paula Sayuri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze factors associated with vaccination delay in children up to 2 years of age.MethodsCross‐sectional study with primary data from a probabilistic sample of 388 children born in 2015. The data were described using absolute and relative frequencies. For the analysis of factors associated with vaccination delay, Cox proportional risk regression was performed, considering the time from birth to the first vaccination delay as a dependent variable and as sociodemographic, economic, behavioral aspects related to health services as independent variables.ResultsThe delayed vaccination rate was 88.66%. Variables associated with delayed vaccination were: mother's health problems during delivery or in the first 7 days (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.96); hospitalization of the child in the first 2 years of life (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.10–2.11); mother's poor bond with health professionals at the health unit (HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.01–3.03); purposeful decision to delay or not to vaccinate the child (HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.14–2.13).ConclusionsThe factors associated with health care, such as the mother's health problems, the child's hospitalization in the first 2 years of life, and the bond between the mother and the health professionals affect the timeliness of vaccine doses.
Formation of Stilbene Azo‐Dimer by Direct Irradiation of p‐Azidostilbene†
Authors: Osisioma Onyinye , Patton Leanna J. , Merugu Rajkumar , Govorov Dmitrii , Milbrandt Margaret A. , Jarus Cassandra , Karney William L. , Gudmundsdottir Anna D. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTTriplet arylnitrenes may provide direct access to aryl azo‐dimers, which have broad commercial applicability. Herein, the photolysis of p‐azidostilbene (1) in argon‐saturated methanol yielded stilbene azo‐dimer (2) through the dimerization of triplet p‐nitrenostilbene (31N). The formation of 31N was verified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy (λmax ~ 375 nm) in cryogenic 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran matrices. At ambient temperature, laser flash photolysis of 1 in methanol formed 31N (λmax ~ 370 nm, 2.85 × 107 s−1). On shorter timescales, a transient absorption (λmax ~ 390 nm) that decayed with a similar rate constant (3.11 × 107 s−1) was assigned to a triplet excited state (T) of 1. Density functional theory calculations yielded three configurations for T of 1, with the unpaired electrons on the azido (TA) or stilbene moiety (TTw, twisted and TFl, flat). The transient was assigned to TTw based on its calculated spectrum. CASPT2 calculations gave a singlet–triplet energy gap of 16.6 kcal mol−1 for 1 N; thus, intersystem crossing of 11N to 31N is unlikely at ambient temperature, supporting the formation of 31N from T of 1. Thus, sustainable synthetic methods for aryl azo‐dimers can be developed using the visible‐light irradiation of aryl azides to form triplet arylnitrenes.
Effect of simple calculation and reading aloud on cognitive function and depression in postoperative older adults
Authors: Çetinkaya Funda , Diri Mehmet Akif , Gül Murat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to determine the effect of simple calculation and reading aloud on postoperative cognitive function and depression level in older adults.MethodThe study was a randomised controlled experimental study. A personal information form, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used for data collection.ResultsIn the evaluation of MMSE and GDS scores of the intervention and control groups 4 weeks after the operation, the differences between the two groups were found to be statistically significant.ConclusionThe results found that simple calculation and reading aloud after surgery had a positive effect on cognitive function and depression level in older people.
Constitutional Norms—Erosion, Sabotage, and Response
Authors: Postema Gerald J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explains the nature and constitutional role of norms and explores ways to respond to the challenges they face, which threaten the viability of democracy. Constitutional norms are informal unwritten rules embedded in the normative practices of officials and political leaders. The effect of departures from constitutional norms depends on the seriousness with which participants take responsibility for their practice. The article distinguishes norm infringers, who depart from norms but do not intentionally challenge them; norm entrepreneurs, who challenge the norm in hopes of reforming or replacing it; and norm saboteurs, who seek to deal a deathblow to the norm or the constitutional system of which it is a part. Responses appropriate to each kind of deviation are considered.
Evidence on continuous flow peritoneal dialysis: A review
Authors: de Vries Joost C. , van Gelder Maaike K. , Cappelli Gianni , Bajo Rubio Maria A. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Gerritsen Karin G. F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClinical application of continuous flow peritoneal dialysis (CFPD) has been explored since the 1960s, but despite anticipated clinical benefits, CFPD has failed to gain a foothold in clinical practice, among others due to the typical use of two catheters (or a dual‐lumen catheter) and large dialysate volumes required per treatment. Novel systems applying CFPD via the existing single‐lumen catheter using rapid dialysate cycling may solve one of these hurdles. Novel on‐demand peritoneal dialysate generation systems and sorbent‐based peritoneal dialysate regeneration systems may considerably reduce the storage space for peritoneal dialysate and/or the required dialysate volume. This review provides an overview of current evidence on CFPD in vivo. The available (pre)clinical evidence on CFPD is limited to case reports/series with inherently nonuniform study procedures, or studies with a small sample size, short follow‐up, and no hard endpoints. Small solute clearance appears to be higher in CFPD compared to conventional PD, in particular at dialysate flows ≥100 mL/min using two single‐lumen catheters or a double‐lumen catheter. Results of CFPD using rapid cycling via a single‐lumen catheter are too preliminary to draw any conclusions. Continuous addition of glucose to dialysate with CFPD appears to be effective in reducing the maximum intraperitoneal glucose concentration while increasing ultrafiltration efficiency (mL/g absorbed glucose). Patient tolerance may be an issue since abdominal discomfort and sterile peritonitis were reported with continuous circulation of the peritoneal dialysate. Thus, well‐designed clinical trials of longer duration and larger sample size, in particular applying CFPD via the existing catheter, are urgently required.
GhBZR3 suppresses cotton fiber elongation by inhibiting very‐long‐chain fatty acid biosynthesis
Authors: Shi Zemin , Chen Xia , Xue Huidan , Jia Tingting , Meng Funing , Liu Yunfei , Luo Xiaomin , Xiao Guanghui , Zhu Shengwei 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYThe BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT (BZR) transcription factor is a core component of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and is involved in the development of many plant species. BR is essential for the initiation and elongation of cotton fibers. However, the mechanism of BR‐regulating fiber development and the function of BZR is poorly understood in Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton). Here, we identified a BZR family transcription factor protein referred to as GhBZR3 in cotton. Overexpression of GhBZR3 in Arabidopsis caused shorter root hair length, hypocotyl length, and hypocotyl cell length, indicating that GhBZR3 negatively regulates cell elongation. Pathway enrichment analysis from VIGS‐GhBZR3 cotton plants found that fatty acid metabolism and degradation might be the regulatory pathway that is primarily controlled by GhBZR3. Silencing GhBZR3 expression in cotton resulted in taller plant height as well as longer fibers. The very‐long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) content was also significantly increased in silenced GhBZR3 plants compared with the wild type. The GhKCS13 promoter, a key gene for VLCFA biosynthesis, contains two GhBZR3 binding sites. The results of yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase assays revealed that GhBZR3 directly interacted with the GhKCS13 promoter to suppress gene expression. Taken together, these results indicate that GhBZR3 negatively regulates cotton fiber development by reducing VLCFA biosynthesis. This study not only deepens our understanding of GhBZR3 function in cotton fiber development, but also highlights the potential of improving cotton fiber length and plant growth using GhBZR3 and its related genes in future cotton breeding programs.
The CaMYB340 transcription factor induces chilling injury in post‐harvest bell pepper by inhibiting fatty acid desaturation
Authors: Ge Wanying , Luo Manli , Sun Huajun , Wei Baodong , Zhou Xin , Zhou Qian , Ji Shujuan 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYBell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a tradable and desirable crop; however, its perishable nature requires low‐temperature handling. Paradoxically, cold causes chilling injury (CI) and post‐harvest waste. Current knowledge about CI in pepper is limited. The mechanism of CI is multi‐faceted; therefore, we focused on fatty acid (FA) desaturation. We identified an upstream nuclear transcription factor (TF), CaMYB340, belonging to the R2R3 MYB subfamily, that negatively regulates FA desaturation and CaCBF3 expression and whose gene and protein expression is induced by low temperature (4°C). Specifically, McrBC treatment and bisulfite sequencing PCR indicate that exposure to cold triggers DNA methylation on one of the CHH sites in the CaMYB340 promoter. This epigenetic event at least partly contributes to the upregulation of CaMYB340 transcript levels. Increased expression of CaMYB340 results in the formation of protein complexes with CabHLH93 and CaMYB1R1, which in turn downregulate the expression of downstream genes. For peppers held at low temperature, transient overexpression of CaMYB340 reduced unsaturated FA content and membrane fluidity, resulting in cold‐induced poor peel texture. Transient CaMYB340 silencing increased FA desaturation and lowered electrolyte leakage, enhancing cold tolerance in CaMYB340 knockdown fruits. Overall, these results underscore the intricacy of transcriptional networks in plants and highlight the role of CaMYB340 in CI occurrence in pepper fruits.
High‐rise syndrome in cats and dogs
Authors: Lefman Sara , Prittie Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review the current literature pertaining to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of injuries sustained from high‐rise syndrome in cats and dogs.EtiologyHigh‐rise syndrome is defined as a fall from a height of 2 or more stories that results in a constellation of injuries, including thoracic, abdominal, orthopedic, and orofacial trauma. Animals often fall after slipping from windowsills, engaging in mating behavior, or chasing prey. Cats suffer less severe injuries than dogs due to their “righting reflex” and smaller body mass. Affected animals are younger, and the frequency of falls is higher in warmer months.DiagnosisPhysical examination coupled with radiographs, ultrasound, and computed tomography can diagnose a myriad of injuries that include pneumothorax, pleural or abdominal effusion, orthopedic fractures, and orofacial injuries. Bloodwork may identify anemia, thrombocytopenia, or increases in hepatic, renal, or pancreatic values consistent with trauma to these organs. Serial venous or arterial blood gas can help determine the severity of respiratory compromise and influence resuscitative efforts. Traditional coagulation tests and thromboelastography can assess trauma‐induced coagulopathy and guide transfusion therapy.TherapyAnimals presenting in shock require hemodynamic stabilization. Initial resuscitation may incorporate crystalloids, colloids, blood products, and analgesics. Thoracic injuries may require oxygen, thoracocentesis, chest tube placement, and mechanical ventilation. Fractures and wounds are decontaminated and splinted/bandaged, with definitive fixation pursued after stabilization. Abdominal injuries are managed medically unless there is severe ongoing bleeding, sepsis, or injury to the urinary tract.PrognosisIn feline high‐rise syndrome, the prognosis is generally excellent following treatment, with survival exceeding 90%. Canine literature is sparse. The largest retrospective study reported a >90% survival to discharge and a greater need for surgical stabilization in this species. There are no prognostic factors identified that are associated with survival for either species.
Biomarkers of heatstroke‐induced organ injury and repair
Authors: Schlader Zachary J. , Davis Michael S. , Bouchama Abderrezak 
Published: June 2022

New FindingsWhat is the topic of this review?The status and potential role of novel biological markers (biomarkers) that can help identify the patients at risk of organ injury or long‐term complications following heatstroke.What advances does it highlight?Numerous biomarkers were identified related to many aspects of generalized heatstroke‐induced cellular injury and tissue damage, and heatstroke‐provoked cardiovascular, renal, cerebral, intestinal and skeletal muscle injury. No novel biomarkers were identified for liver or lung injury.AbstractClassic and exertional heatstroke cause acute injury and damage across numerous organ systems. Moreover, heatstroke survivors may sustain long‐term neurological, cardiovascular and renal complications with a persistent risk of death. In this context, biomarkers, defined as biological samples obtained from heatstroke patients, are needed to detect early organ injury, and predict outcomes to develop novel organ preservation therapeutic strategies. This narrative review provides preliminary insights that will guide the development and future utilization of these biomarkers. To this end, we have identified numerous biomarkers of widespread heatstroke‐associated cellular injury, tissue damage and repair (extracellular heat shock proteins 72 and 60, high mobility group box protein 1, histone H3, and interleukin‐1α), and other organ‐specific biomarkers including those related to the cardiovascular system (cardiac troponin I, endothelium‐derived factors, circulation endothelial cells, adhesion molecules, thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor antigen), the kidneys (plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin), the intestines (intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein 2), the brain (serum S100β and neuron‐specific enolase) and skeletal muscle (creatine kinase, myoglobin). No specific biomarkers have been identified so far for liver or lung injury in heatstroke. Before translating the identified biomarkers into clinical practice, additional preclinical and clinical prospective studies are required to further understand their clinical utility, particularly for the biomarkers related to long‐term post‐heatstroke health outcomes.
Efficient Hyper-Reduced Small Sliding Tribomechadynamics
Authors: Witteveen Wolfgang , Koller Lukas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the context of tribomechadynamics, hyper-reduction means that the deformations, as well as the contact and friction forces, are not computed based on all involved finite element nodes but in a reduced space. The goal is a reduction of the simulation time so that virtual tribomechadynamics becomes an efficient complement to test bench investigations and a useful tool for predictive simulation. In this work, an efficient hyper-reduction strategy for contact and friction forces is proposed. The available and a priori known space of possible gaps is used for the hyper-reduction of contact forces without using any snapshots. Friction forces on the other hand are computed based on snapshots stemming from a model order reduced simulation. After the theory has been explained, a generic example with bolted joints and different load cases is used to demonstrate the result quality of the method as well as the computational time savings.
Antimicrobial Properties and the Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Secondary Metabolites in Psychrophilic Micromycetes
Authors: Kuvarina A. E. , Roshka Yu. A. , Rogozhin E. A. , Nikitin D. A. , Kurakov A. V. , Sadykova V. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The ability of representatives of psychrotolerant micromycetes to produce antimicrobial compounds was studied. A promising producer of antibiotics, Penicillium vulpinum KPB F-290, was selected (from 98 cultures) as a result of the screening. The producer was active against opportunistic fungi and bacteria. The isolated active fractions can be attributed to the group of antimicrobial compounds, including ß-lactam antibiotics and peptides.