bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 12-week intermittent calorie restriction on liver fat content in comparison with standard-of-care in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (FLICR)
Authors: Lee Han Ah , Moon Hyeyoung , Kim Yuri , Lee Hye Ah , Kim Hwi Young 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, and can result in various complications. Owing to the lack of effective pharmacological therapies, life style modifications are the cornerstone treatment for NAFLD. However, there has been no recommendation for a specific dietary therapy because no significant effects have been observed in previous studies. Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR), which consists of alternating phases of extreme energy restriction and regular energy intake, is a novel dietary approach for NAFLD treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated a significantly higher reduction in liver fat content in the ICR group than in the standard of care (SOC) or continuous calorie restriction groups in patients with NAFLD. However, critical weaknesses limit the broader application of ICR in clinical practice, such as the lack of appropriate assessment tools, different cut-offs of body mass index (BMI) used to define obesity, and different food portions. Thus, we report a protocol for a prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of 12-week ICR on improving liver fat content in NAFLD patients (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-intermittent calorie restriction [FLICR]).
Methods: We will include adult (19–75 years) NAFLD patients diagnosed by histologic assessment or magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) ≥8%. A total of 72 patients will be classified according to BMI (obese group: BMI ≥25 kg/m2 [n=36] and non-obese group: BMI <25 kg/m2 [n=36]), and followed up for 24 weeks. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups: the SOC or ICR group. The primary objective will be the change in liver fat content measured using MRI-PDFF from baseline to 12 weeks.
Discussion: This FLICR study may provide clinical evidence on ICR in the treatment of NAFLD in both obese and non-obese patients. The use of ICR in patients with NAFLD will improve the clinical outcomes of patients facing a shortage of effective medical therapy.
Trial registration: This trial was registered at the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05309642 (date of registration: April 4, 2022), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05309642.
The Role of Mg in CaO-MgO Composite Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Soybean Oil
Authors: Hu Mingyue , Pu Jianglong , Qian Eika W. , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To improve the activity and stability of catalysts in transesterification for biodiesel production, Mg-doped CaO-MgO catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation in this study. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), oxygen temperature-programmed oxidation (O2-TPO), and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The performance of the prepared catalysts in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol was evaluated. The results showed that the added Mg was present in both doped and supported forms. The doped form of Mg reduced the lattice spacing of CaO, improved the intensity and number of basic sites, and enhanced the activity of the catalyst in the transesterification reaction. The poor pore structure of the supported form of MgO weakened the adsorption and diffusion of reactant molecules to the basic sites, which was unfavorable to the activity, but it could protect the basic sites on the catalyst surface from water and CO2 contamination in the air, which was favorable to the stability of the catalyst. The 1Mg3Ca catalyst showed optimal performance in the transesterification reaction due to its higher Mg doping and suitable specific surface area. The main cause of catalyst deactivation is the formation of hydroxides and carbonates on the surface, which are removed in the order of H2O > Mg(OH)2 > Ca(OH)2 > CaCO3 during high-temperature activation.
A study protocol for the randomized clinical trial SAFIR FAMILY TALK: a selective primary preventive intervention vs. service as usual for children of parents with mental illness.
Authors: Nielsen Signe Sofie , Mikkelsen Lisbeth Juhl , Quaade Nikolaj , Beardslee William , Gladstone Tracy , Poulsen Katrina Bonnemose , Rosenberg Nicole , Hjorthøj Carsten , Thorup Anne , Nordentoft Merete , Ranning Anne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Children of parents with mental illness have an increased risk of developing mental illness themselves throughout the lifespan. This is due to genetic factors but also environmental disadvantages during childhood associated with parental mental illness. Selective primary preventive interventions for the children are recommended to mitigate risk-factors and strengthening protective factors, but large-scale, longitudinal studies are needed. This study aims to investigate the effect of the Family Talk Preventive Intervention in a cohort of children and their parents with mental illness.
Methods
The study is a randomized clinical trial with 286 planned families with at least one parent with any mental illness and at least one child age 7 to 17 years. It will be carried out in the mental healthcare system in the Capital Region of Denmark. Families will be referred from hospitals and municipalities. The children and parents will be assessed at baseline and then randomized and allocated to either the Family Talk Preventive Intervention or service as usual. The intervention group will be assigned to Family Talk Preventive Intervention, a manualized program consisting of ~ seven sessions for the family, including psychoeducation about parental mental illness and resilience in children, stimulating dialogue between family members and creating a common family narrative. The study period for both groups will be 12 months. Follow-up assessments will be conducted after 4 months and 12 months. The primary outcomes are the children’s level of functioning, parental sense of competence and family functioning.
Discussion
Given the prevalence of transgenerational transmission of mental illness, a systematic approach to prevention is needed in the mental healthcare setting. This study provides valuable knowledge on the Family Talk Preventive Intervention with a large sample size, inclusion of any parental mental illness, and examination of the primary outcomes.
Do gamblers and loot boxers share similar fallacies of thought? A comparative analysis of Cognitive Biases
Authors: Sanmartín Francisco J. , Velasco Judith , Gálvez-Lara Mario , Cuadrado Fátima , Moriana Juan A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cognitive biases have been associated with the beginning and maintenance of addictive behaviours. While these biases have been widely studied in gambling, they have not been sufficiently explored in loot boxes (LBs), a new phenomenon that shares similar mechanisms. The present study aimed to compare cognitive biases (illusion of control, predictive control, interpretative biases, gambling-related expectancies and the perceived inability to stop gambling) in gamblers, LB purchasers, free-LB openers, and a control group. For this aim, 279 participants completed a self-report composed of ad-hoc questions and standardised measures. The results showed no differences between gamblers, LB purchasers and LB openers on illusion of control and predictive control. In contrast to LB openers, gamblers and LB purchasers obtained statistically similar scored on interpretative biases, gambling-related expectancies and the total score of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS). Only gamblers experienced a higher perceived inability to stop gambling. Moreover, gamblers, LB purchasers and LB openers scored higher on all biases compared to the control group. When the overlap between the groups was controlled, gamblers and loot boxers shared all cognitive biases but the perceived inability to stop gambling; and scored statistically higher than the control group in all cognitive biases except for the illusion of control. The study provides additional evidence of the relationship between gambling and LB consumption.
Hospital admissions and deaths due to acute cardiovascular events during the COVID-19 pandemic in residents of long-term care facilities
Authors: Gellert Paul , Kohl Raphael , Jürchott Kathrin , Noack Betty , Hering Christian , Gangnus Annabell , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Herrmann Wolfram J , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Schwinger Antje 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aims
Hospital admissions due to acute cardiovascular events dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population; however, evidence for residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) is sparse. We investigated rates of hospital admissions and deaths due to myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in LTCF residents during the pandemic.
Methods and results
Our nationwide cohort study used claims data. The sample comprised 1,140,139 LTCF residents over 60 years of age (68.6% women; age 85.3±8.5 years) from Germany. We included MI and stroke admission and compared numbers of in-hospital deaths from January 2020 to end of April 2021 (i.e., during the first three waves of the pandemic) with the number of incidences in 2015-2019. To estimate incidence risk ratios (IRR), adjusted Poisson regression analyses were applied.
During the observation period (2015-2021), there were 19,196 MI and 73,953 stroke admissions. MI admissions declined in the pandemic phase by 22.5% (IRR=0.68 [CI 0.65-0.72]) compared to previous years. This decline was slightly more pronounced for NSTEMI than for STEMI. MI fatality risks remained comparable across years (IRR=0.97 [CI95% 0.92-1.02]). Stroke admissions dropped by 15.1% (IRR=0.75 [CI95% 0.72-0.78]) in the pandemic. There was an elevated case fatality risk for haemorrhagic stroke (IRR=1.09 [CI95% 1.03-1.15]) but not for other stroke subtypes compared to previous years.
Conclusion
This study provides first evidence of declines in MI and stroke admissions and in-hospital deaths among LTCF residents during the pandemic. The figures are alarming given the acute nature of the conditions and the vulnerability of the residents.
Singe atom Bi decorated copper alloy enables C-C coupling for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into C2+ products
Authors: Cao Yucheng , Chen Suya , BO SHUOWEN , Fan Wenjun , Li Jiangnan , Jia Chunmei , Zhou Zhen , Liu Qinghua , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Fuxiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Single atom alloy (SAA) catalysts have been recently exploited for promotion of various heterogeneous catalysis, but it remains unexplored for selective electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into multi-carbon (C2+) products involving C-C coupling. Herein we report a single-atomic Bi decorated Cu alloy (denoted as BiCu-SAA) electrocatalyst that could effectively modulate selectivity of CO2 reduction into C2+ products instead of previous C1 ones. The BiCu-SAA catalyst exhibits remarkably superior selectivity of C2+ products with optimal Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 73.4% compared to the pure copper nanoparticle or Bi nanoparticles-decorated Cu nanocomposites, and its structure and performance can be well maintained at current density of 400 mA cm-2 under the flow cell system. Based on our in-situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations, the BiCu-SAA is found to favor the activation of CO2 and subsequent C-C coupling during the electrocatalytic reaction, as should be responsible for its extraordinary C2+ selectivity.
The efficacy of machine learning in predicting fetal growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Chenhan , Chunya Ji , Guimei Lin , Linliang Yin , Xuedong Deng , Benjing Wang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Fetal growth restriction(FGR) is one of the most common causes of perinatal death and various short- and long-term complications. Accurate identification of fetal growth restriction is essential to reduce adverse perinatal outcomes. With the development of machine learning, many predictive models for fetal growth restriction have emerged. We assessed their performance by conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Methods
A systematic literature search was performed for relevant studies reported before May 31, 2022. The quality of the studies was assessed in strict accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (version 2020). Models with the reported area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) indicator curve were meta-analyzed to determine the factors that contributed most to model performance.
Results
After the screening, 20 papers were eligible for synthesis, 19 were rated as high risk of bias, and 1 was rated as unclear risk of bias. From which 37 models were extracted, the c-statistic of the pooled random effects model (I2 = 96.0%) was 0.8123 (0.7824–0.8433, 95%CI). Among them, the c-statistic of the pooled risk model using the consensus developed by the Delphi procedure as the defined model was 0.81 (0.77–0.85, 95%CI), and the c-statistic of the pooled risk model using other defined models was 0.83 (0.78–0.87, 95%CI). In selecting predictors, most models were constructed by combining basic maternal characteristics, maternal pregnancy radionics, and serological indicators during pregnancy.
Conclusion
Machine learning has an excellent predictive value for FGR, which indicates that practical machine learning can be used as a possible means of FGR identification. However, improvements are needed in terms of quality and study design. We look forward to a unified definition and establishing an effective scoring tool to identify FGR accurately and intervene in time.
Change in Cytokine Profiles Released by Mast Cells Mediated by Lung Cancer-derived Exosome Activation Potentiate Cancer-associated Thrombosis
Authors: Ben Suqin , Huang Xiulin , Shi Yongxin , Xu Ziheng , Xiao Hui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated thrombosis is a significant cause of lung cancer mortality. Mast cells play a role in thrombosis, but their role in cancer-associated thrombosis has not been elucidated.
Method: We identified the presence of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment by analysis of single-cell sequencing data. The relationship between the mast cell proportion and the expression levels of thrombosis-related genes, neutrophil-related genes, neutrophil extracellular trap-related signature genes, and immune infiltration levels in lung cancer patients was analyzed using bioinformatics. Confocal microscopic observation of bone marrow mast cell uptake after exosomes isolated from lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 were labeled using PKH67. Mast cell degranulation detected by β-hexosaminidase release rate. Cytokine array analysis of altered mediators released by bone marrow mast cells after exosome uptake.
Results:In this study, we show that the proportion of mast cells in lung cancer patients is closely related to the expression levels of thrombosis-related genes and neutrophil extracellular traps signature gene, which play a key role in thrombosis. Moreover, Lung cancer cell-derived exosomes were taken up by mast cells and activated to release procoagulant mediators.
Conclusion: Our study shows that lung cancer cell-derived exosomes activate mast cells to release procoagulants, which predispose lung cancer to thrombotic complications.
Deep learning approach to genome of two-dimensional materials with flat electronic bands
Authors: Mishchenko Artem , Bhattacharya Anupam , Timokhin Ivan , Chatterjee Ratnamala , Yang Qian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many-body electron-electron correlations play central role in condensed matter physics; they govern a wide range of phenomena, stretching from superconductivity to magnetism, and are behind numerous technological applications. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with flat electronic bands provide a natural playground to explore this rich interaction-driven physics, thanks to their highly localized electrons. The search for novel 2D flat band materials has since attracted intensive efforts, especially now with the development of open science databases encompassing thousands of materials with computed electronic bands. In this work, we automate the otherwise daunting task of materials search and classification by combining supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. To this end, a convolutional neural network was employed to identify 2D flat band materials, which were then subjected to symmetry-based analysis using a bilayer unsupervised learning algorithm. Such hybrid approach of exploring materials databases allowed us to reveal completely new material classes outside the known flat band paradigms, with high efficiency and accuracy. Our results present a genome of 2D materials hosting flat electronic bands that can be further explored to enrich the physics of electron-electron interactions.
Crystal structure of LRG1 and the functional significance of LRG1’s glycan for LPHN2 activation
Authors: Kim Ho Min , Yang Jimin , Yin Guo Nan , Kim Do-Kyun , Han Ah-reum , Lee Dong Sun , Min Kwang Wook , Fu Yaoyao , Yun Jeongwon , Suh Jun-Kyu , Ryu Ji-Kan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The serum glycoprotein leucine-rich ɑ-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), primarily produced by hepatocytes and neutrophils, is a multifunctional protein that can modulate various signalling cascades, mainly TGFβ signalling. Serum LRG1 and neutrophil-derived LRG1 have different molecular weights due to differences in glycosylation, but what impact the differential glycan composition in LRG1 has on its cellular function is largely unknown. We previously reported that LRG1 can promote both angiogenic and neurotrophic processes under hyperglycemic conditions by interacting with LPHN2. Here, we determined the crystal structure of LRG1, identifying the horseshoe-like solenoid structure of LRG1 and its four N-glycosylation sites. In addition, our biochemical and cell-biological analysis found that de-glycosylation of LRG1, particularly the removal of glycans on N325, is critical for high-affinity binding of LRG1 to LPHN2, thereby promoting LRG1/LPHN2-mediated angiogenic and neurotrophic processes in mouse tissue explants, even under normal glucose conditions. Moreover, intracavernous administration of de-glycosylated LRG1 in a diabetic mouse model ameliorated vascular and neurological abnormalities and restored erectile function. Collectively, these data indicate a novel role of LRG1’s glycans as molecular switches that can tune the range of LRG1’s cellular functions, particularly the LRG1/LPHN2 signalling axis.
The toxic effects of Anabolic Steroids on cardiac and skeletal muscles with the potential ameliorative effects of Silymarin and Fenugreek Seeds Extract in Adult Male Albino Rats
Authors: Hassan Dalia Abd Elwahab , Ghaleb Sherien S. , Zaki Amr , Abdelmenem Ahmed , Nabil Shimaa , Alim Mostafa Abdallah Abdel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Anabolic steroids are commonly abused by body builders and athletes aiming to increase their strength and muscle mass but unfortunately, the long-term use of AS may lead to serious side effects. Our research was directed to assess the toxic effects of anabolic steroids on cardiac and skeletal muscles in male albino rats and to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin.
Methods
Our research was done on 120 male albino rats that were allocated into 6 groups; group I: Served as a control group, group II: Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate, group III: Received silymarin orally, group IV: Received fenugreek seeds extract orally, group (V): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and silymarin and group (VI): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and fenugreek seeds extract. By the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and autopsy samples for histopathological examination.
Results
The anabolic steroids toxic effects on rats showed a significant decrease in serum HDL level and increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels. There was a significant elevation in cardiac troponin level. As regards to histopathological examination of the cardiac and skeletal muscles, the study showed marked degenerative changes and necrosis. Both silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract provided a protective effects on the biochemical and histopathological changes.
Conclusions
Anabolic steroids have a toxic effect on the cardiac and skeletal muscles of albino rats with improvement by treatment with fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin.
Control of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) through plant-mediated RNA interference
Authors: Walker Philip L. , Ziegler Dylan J. , Giesbrecht Shayna , McLoughlin Austein , Wan Joey , Khan Deirdre , Hoi Vanessa , Whyard Steve , Belmonte Mark F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The causative agent of white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is capable of infecting over 600 plant species and is responsible for significant crop losses across the globe. Control is currently dependent on broad-spectrum chemical agents that can negatively impact the agroecological environment, presenting a need to develop alternative control measures. In this study, we developed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (AT1703) expressing double-stranded (ds)RNA to silence S. sclerotiorum ABHYDROLASE-3 and slow infection through host induced gene silencing (HIGS). Leaf infection assays show reduced S. sclerotiorum lesion size, fungal load, and ABHYDROLASE-3 transcript abundance in AT1703 compared to wild-type Col-0. To better understand how HIGS influences host-pathogen interactions, we performed global RNA sequencing on AT1703 and wild-type Col-0 directly at the site of S. sclerotiorum infection. RNA sequencing data reveals enrichment of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway, as well as transcription factors predicted to regulate plant immunity. Using qPCR, we identified predicted interacting partners of ABHYDROLASE-3 in the polyamine synthesis pathway of S. sclerotiorum that demonstrate co-reduction with ABHYDROLASE-3 transcript levels during infection. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of HIGS technology in slowing S. sclerotiorum infection and provide insight into the role of ABHYDROLASE-3 in the A. thaliana – S. sclerotiorum pathosystem.