bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Solidification of Pure Gallium at Room Temperature and its Micromechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Xinpeng , Lu Xueni , Xiao Wenlong , Liu Xingtong , Li Liangtao , Chang Hao , Yu Zhenwei , Yang Xiawei , Chang Lingqian , Sun Kang , Wang Qian , Jiao Caicai , Hu Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith excellent electrical conductivity, fluidity, rheological property, and biocompatibility, gallium has been intensively studied in the fields of flexible electronics and devices, thermal management, and soft robotics. However, the large degree of supercooling of gallium presents a large limitation for phase transition‐related applications such as the very low temperature required for solidification, the impurities, and side effects brought in by nucleating agents. In this study, solidification process of liquid gallium by using solid gallium as a nucleating agent is discovered to be fast and facile at room temperature compared with other agent materials including copper, iron, and nickel. Quantificationally, solidified gallium as a nucleating agent, can effectively reduce the supercooling degree from about 66.3 to 14.8 °C. The freezing velocity can reach to 200 mm3 min−1. The possible mechanism is reducing the energy barrier via adding nucleation site, allowing rapid solidification at room temperature accompanying heat dissipation. Moreover, micromechanical properties are compared between raw solid Ga and the solidified Ga induced by Ga agent, which suggests a slight decrease in mechanical strength at room temperature with the nucleating agent. It will be beneficial to understand the phase change and also provide guidance for the application of gallium regarding its mechanical properties.
Ultralarge Curvature and Extreme Rapid Degradable Porous Wood Based Flexible Triboelectric Sensor for Physical Motion Monitoring
Authors: Bi Sheng , Han Xu , Chen Qiangqiang , Gao Buhan , Chen Luhua , He Zhengran , Jiang Chengming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlexible self‐power triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted worldwide attention in the fields of optoelectronic systems, communication, and biomedical diagnostics due to its outstanding energy collection capacity and high output potential. Wood, as a natural and environmental friendly material with excellent mechanical properties, is an ideal material for construction of high performance TENG. Herein, a porous wood based flexible triboelectric sensor (PWFTS) as a wearable motion testing system with ultralarge folding curvature and extreme high stability for real‐time body motion monitoring is presented. With an over 180° curving angle, the output power of the PWFTS from porous wood is more than 200% compared with that from natural wood. Moreover, a rapid degradation of as low as 48 h with extremely reliable repeatability and stability leads to an ideal candidate for wearable devices. The enhancement of such PWFTS may open up opportunities in innovative applications in various triboelectric devices and flexible integrated systems.
Customizing Triboelectric Nanogenerator on Everyday Clothes by Screen‐Printing Technology for Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and Human‐Interactive Applications
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhang Lei , Bao Bo , Ouyang Wenyu , Chen Weiyu , Li Qingtong , Li Dachao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntegrating self‐powered sensors or energy harvesters with everyday clothes brings a novel insight into wearable electronics and improves personal intelligence in the era of the Internet of Things. This work develops a customizable screen‐printed textile triboelectric nanogenerator (SPT‐TENG) for biomechanical energy harvesting and human‐interactive applications. The as‐fabricated textile TENG not only presents excellent wearing experiences such as lightweight, permeability, and washability, but also exhibits high electrical output performance to power sustainably some portable electronics such as a watch or calculator. The system‐level wearable human‐interactive applications, including a wireless keyboard and a smart home appliance control, are also demonstrated with the advantages of cyber security, easy operation, low cost, and wearability through screen‐printing pattern‐customized TENG arrays. Benefiting from these features, the SPT‐TENG shows promising applications in wearable electronics, human‐machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence.
Bioinspired Fouling‐Release Smart Skin Powered by Twisted Spiral Artificial Muscles (TSAMs)
Authors: Kotak Parth , Johnson Tatum , Lamuta Caterina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe buildup of marine organisms on submerged surfaces, known as biofouling, poses a major threat to the maritime industry. Biofouling on seafaring vessels increases hydrodynamic drag, fuel consumption, and leads to the spread of invasive species. Despite considerable research, a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly strategy for preventing biofouling remains elusive. Silicone‐based fouling release coatings (FRCs) that rely on hydrodynamic shear forces to remove attached biofilms have recently been proposed as a non‐toxic solution for biofouling. However, FRCs are susceptible to fouling in still water or near‐still water conditions. In this study, a smart skin bioinspired by the shape‐changing behavior of octopi for removing biofilms in near‐still water conditions is proposed. Active deformation of the smart skin powered by twisted spiral artificial muscles (TSAMs) leads to the detachment of biofilms. The efficacy of the smart skin is evaluated in both a laboratory setting and a field environment. A maximum of 87% of a laboratory grown and 79% of a heterogeneous field biofilm is detached by the active motion of the skin surface. The results indicate that the actively deformed smart skins bioinspired by octopi are a promising candidate for removing marine biofilms in still or near‐still water environments.
Temperature‐ and Ambient Pressure‐Independent Sensing of Hydrogen in Fluids Using Cascaded Interferometers Incorporated in Optical Fibers
Authors: Lee Sungjae , Ryu Bowon , Kim Inho , Song Yong‐Won 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPractical gas sensors are indispensable for the healthy operation of cutting‐edge hydrogen‐based systems. An optical fiber‐based hydrogen sensor incorporating a robust Fabry–Perot interferometric structure on a fiber tip with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of operation and a micrometer‐scale footprint is demonstrated. The hydrogen‐sensitive volume expansion of palladium provides bi‐metal operation with a silicon nitride mirror to tune the interferometer cavity and therefore the resonance modes by switching the mirror form factor from a flat to convex shape. It does not require any peripherals, including a power supply or data communication modules. In addition to fiber‐inherent advantages, such as remote and multiplexed monitoring without electromagnetic field interference, the sensor guarantees temperature‐ and pressure‐independent operation by adding a simple glass sub‐cavity and microwindows in the mirror layer, respectively. Critically, the sensor highlights reliable operation in a liquid fluid (electrical transformer oil) to monitor hydrogen as its “damage marker” escaping from a mechanical shield or selective gas screen. The detection limit, sensitivity, and response time of the sensor under atmospheric conditions are 15 ppm, 29.6 nm/%, and 12.5 s, respectively. In addition, the unimpaired operation of the sensor in 60 °C transformer oil is verified experimentally.
Atomic Force Microscopy – A Powerful Tool for Studying Contact Electrification
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhao Xiubo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContact electrification (CE) is a very common phenomenon in the daily life and occurs in almost all contact processes of dissimilar materials, including insulators, metals, and semiconductors. However, CE has been considered a phenomenon with negative effects for a long time until Wang et al. exploited this phenomenon to invent triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has unparalleled advantages in studying some basic scientific problems of CE phenomena, especially for study of CE mechanism at the nanoscale, thus greatly promoting the development of TENGs. Here, the research work of AFM in exploring CE mechanisms, including CE between solid and solid and CE between liquid and solid is systematically introduced. And the working mechanism of metal‐semiconductor DC triboelectric nanogenerators based on C‐AFM studies is also introduced. In addition, the potential utility and limitations of AFM in the future development of TENG technology, and discuss the direction of its improvement is analyzed. This review summarizes the important role of AFM technology in the development of TENG‐based energy and sensor technology, and it is hoped it can provide an updated overview on the understanding of the existing challenges and opportunities, which would be useful to promote the development of TENG technologies.
Single‐Crystalline Layered Metal‐Halide Perovskite Microwires with Intercalated Molecules for Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Rudai , Zhang Ting , Wang Shiheng , Guo Lutong , Gu Zhenkun , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntercalation regulation is a special way to tune the photophysical properties of perovskite without changing the organic cations. Here, it is found that dimethyl sulfoxide can be effectively intercalated into synthesized (OHC6H5CH2CH2NH3)2PbBr4 perovskite through hydrogen bonds between organic spacer layers and solvent molecules. The new intercalated perovskite can be stored for more than two months under a relative humidity of about 60% at room temperature without encapsulation. The single crystal microwire array device based on this special structure presents photoelectric response of a light on/off ratio of 400 under 365 nm irradiation at 3 V. The device has a low dark current of 10−13 A. Moreover, the inserted solvent molecules can be removed from the perovskite or reinserted into the perovskite under different processing conditions. The results show the potential to regulate the optoelectronic properties of perovskites by reversibly binding intercalated molecules with perovskites.
Multiplex Sensing Electronic Skin Based on Seamless Fully Printed Stretchable Piezoelectric Devices
Authors: Alique Marc , Moya Ana , Otero David , Kreuzer Martin , Lacharmoise Paul , Murillo Gonzalo , Simao Claudia Delgado 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWearable skin mountable devices, more than flexibility, require conformability, stretchability, and a high water vapor transmission rate, so that the perspiration processes are not blocked, to assure comfort and stability of use in contact with living bodies. Skin mountable stretchable devices with piezoelectric devices have been reported, based on the integration of polyvinylidene fluoride foils with discrete electrodes and stretchable substrates, and show potential in revolutionizing medical devices for remote monitoring applications. However, the electrodes and active layer are usually not stretchable, only the carrier substrate. The study reports the full description of a novel fully printed stretchable piezoelectric device, printed directly over a stretchable polymer foil of thermoplastic polyurethane. The stability of the response of the stretchable piezoelectric devices is used as movement sensors through their output potential. An electronic skin based on a fully printed circuit with a matrix of 15 all‐printed piezoelectric devices is prepared and investigated and used directly mounted on different body parts, and the real‐time monitoring of movements are recorded and analyzed.
Wearable Carbon Nanotube‐Spandex Textile Yarns for Knee Flexion Monitoring
Authors: Fay Cormac D. , Mannering Nicholas , Jeiranikhameneh Ali , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Foroughi Javad , Baughman Ray H. , Choong Peter F. M. , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotube‐spandex textiles are rapidly gaining in popularity as sensors for human motion, yet their use as—and comparison to—viable clinical‐based instrumentation has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, the use of novel yarn‐based sensors that show excellent characteristics, ideal for joint kinematic sensing, is described. Knee kinematic monitoring of nine healthy participants while walking on a treadmill is examined. This is enabled through a 3D‐printed knee brace integrated with a wireless transmission device. The design, development, and testing of the wearable device is presented along with wireless data capture and processing. Additionally, the findings are compared in vivo to those reported by a reference optoelectronic measurement system (KneeKG) for validation purposes. The results show a high correlation between both systems, with an average Pearson's r‐value of 0.89 across each corresponding knee. This study is the first to explore the use of these novel yarn sensors for sagittal knee kinematic monitoring on participants during trials and validate the findings via an optoelectronic measurement system.
Mechanically Stable, Binder‐Free, and Free‐Standing Vanadium Trioxide/Carbon Hybrid Fiber Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bornamehr Behnoosh , Gallei Markus , Husmann Samantha , Presser Volker 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBinder is a crucial component in present‐day battery electrodes but commonly contains fluorine and requires coating processing using organic (often toxic) solvents. Preparing binder‐free electrodes is an attractive strategy to make battery electrode production and its end‐of‐use waste greener and safer. Herein, electrospinning is employed to prepare binder‐free and self‐standing electrodes. Such electrodes often suffer from low flexibility, and the correlation between performance and flexibility is usually overlooked. Processing parameters affect the mechanical properties of the electrodes, and for the first time it is reported that mechanical flexibility directly influences the electrochemical performance of the electrode. The importance is highlighted when processing parameters advantageous to powder materials, such as a higher heat treatment temperature, harm self‐standing electrodes due to deterioration of fiber flexibility. Other strategies, such as conductive carbon addition, can be employed to improve the cell performance, but their effect on the mechanical properties of the electrodes must be considered. Rapid heat treatment achieves self‐standing V2O3 with a capacity of 250 mAh g−1 at 250 mA g−1 and 390 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1
Integration of Photo‐Fenton Reaction and Membrane Filtration using Lignin@t‐FeC2O4/g‐C3N4 Nanofibers Toward Accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) Cycling and Sustainability
Authors: Xiong Ziying , Hu Hai , Cao Ziqi , Hu Yaxin , Sun Di , Qin Hengfei , Kang Shifei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotocatalysis water treatment without artificial energy is cost‐effective, waste‐free and sustainable. Coventional powder photocatalysts have tiny contact surfaces, low catalytic efficiency, and are difficult to recycle and reuse, restricting their usage. Herein, a Lignin@t‐FeC2O4/g‐C3N4 material is developed by engineering hollow quadrangle t‐FeC2O4 and g‐C3N4 nanosheets on lignin membranes through facile impregnation coating and precipitation reaction. Fast mass transport, catalytic activity and accessibility characterize hollow tetragonal FeC2O4·2H2O. TEM, SEM and FTIR show that lignin binds t‐FeC2O4 and g‐C3N4. The g‐C3N4 nanosheets are uniformly wrapped on the surface of lignin fibers, and t‐FeC2O4 is loaded between them. This structure increases visible light absorption and active site‐contaminant contact. The chain reaction produces extremely active hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide because the Lignin@t‐FeC2O4/g‐C3N4 modules are rich inFeII, according to XPS. Transient photocurrent response curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggest a promoted charge migration and isolation at the redox reaction interface in the Lignin@t‐FeC2O4/g‐C3N4 system. As a result, Lignin@t‐FeC2O4/g‐C3N4 degrades 99% Rhodamine B within 40 minutes, and this performance is stable even under difficult conditions, such as low hydrogen peroxide concentration and high pH. This study combines lignin membranes with the photo‐Fenton reaction, and thus provides new concept for the development and application of membranes and photocatalysis.
Recent Advances on Multivariate MOFs for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction and H2 Evolution
Authors: Zhu Liangxing , Hu Falu , Sun Bin , Gu Shaonan , Gao Tingting , Zhou Guowei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSolar energy‐driven CO2 reduction and H2 evolution is considered as a very promising pathway to address energy shortage and environmental issues. Multivariate metal organic frameworks (MTV‐MOFs) as a class of distinctive crystal porous materials are assembled from different metals or different ligands via one pot reaction or postsynthesis approach. Recently, MTV‐MOFs have gathered significantly interest in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction and H2 evolution owing to their excellent structural stability, tailorable light‐absorption, and catalytic abilities. In this review, incorporating different functional ligands or metals into the parent MOFs are focused on to boost the photocatalytic performance of MTV‐MOFs. First, the synthesis and unique advantages of MTV‐MOF‐based photocatalysts are introduced. Next, an overview on the recent advance on MTV‐MOFs for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion is summarized into three main categories, consisting of mixed‐metal MOFs, mixed‐ligand MOFs, and mixed‐metal and mixed‐ligand MOFs. Finally, future perspectives and challenges in CO2 conversion and H2 evolution over MTV‐MOF‐based photocatalysts are presented.
Numerical Analysis and Optimization of a Hybrid Layer Structure for Triplet–Triplet Fusion Mechanism in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Huang Jun‐Yu , Hung Hsiao‐Chun , Hsu Kung‐Chi , Chen Chia‐Hsun , Lee Pei‐Hsi , Lin Hung‐Yi , Lin Bo‐Yen , Leung Man‐kit , Chiu Tien‐Lung , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Friend Richard H. , Wu Yuh‐Renn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, a steady state and time‐dependent exciton diffusion model including singlet and triplet excitons coupled with a modified Poisson and drift‐diffusion solver to explain the mechanism of hyper triplet–triplet fusion (TTF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is developed. Using this modified simulator, various characteristics of OLEDs, including the current‐voltage curve, internal quantum efficiency, transient spectrum, and electric profile are demonstrated. This solver can also be used to explain the mechanism of hyper‐TTF‐OLEDs and analyze the loss from different exciton mechanisms. Furthermore, we perform additional optimization of hyper‐TTF‐OLEDs that increases the internal quantum efficiency by ≈33% (from 29% to 40%).
Synchronous Modulation of Defects and Buried Interfaces for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yehui , Xiong Shaobing , Jiang Sheng , Yang Jianming , Li Dong , Wu Hongbo , You Xiaomeng , Zhang Yefan , Ma Zaifei , Xu Jianhua , Tang Jianxin , Yao Yefeng , Sun Zhenrong , Bao Qinye 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuppressing nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for increases in their power conversion efficiency and operational stability. Here, it is reported that the synchronous use of a molecule daminozide (DA), as an interlayer and additive to judiciously construct a PTAA:F4TCNQ/DA/perovskite:DA hole‐selective heterojunction that diminishes thermionic losses for collecting holes at the buried interface between perovskites and PTAA:F4TCNQ, and reduces defect sites at such buried interfaces as well as in the perovskite film. The proposed “three birds with one stone” strategy significantly promotes charge transport, and both the interface carrier recombination and defect‐assisted recombination are suppressed. As a result, a remarkably improved efficiency of 22.15% and an impressive fill factor of 83.92% are achieved with excellent device stability compared to 19.04% of the control device. The two values are the highest records for polycrystalline MAPbI3‐based p‐i‐n structural PSCs reported to date. The work provides a promising approach of three birds with one stone, employing a functional material for further improvement of PSC performance.
Decade Advance of Isatin in Three‐component Reactions
Authors: Zhang Shuaijie , Huang Dayun , Wu Jinjing , Wang Zefeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIsatin is an important building block in organic synthesis. The electron‐deficient carbonyl in C‐3 site is similar to aldehyde. C‐3 carbonyl is also able to function as the O‐nucleophile. Devise methodologies about three‐component reactions of isatin have been reported in this decade. This review highlights these multicomponent reactions by triggered mechanisms. We hope it will promote future research in this area.
Electrochemical Kinetics Support a Second Coordination Sphere Mechanism in Metal‐Based Formate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Meneghello Marta , Uzel Alexandre , Broc Marianne , Manuel Rita R. , Magalon Axel , Léger Christophe , Pereira Inês A. C. , Walburger Anne , Fourmond Vincent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal‐based formate dehydrogenases are molybdenum or tungsten‐dependent enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between formate and CO2. According to the current consensus, the metal ion of the catalytic center in its active form is coordinated by 6 S (or 5 S and 1 Se) atoms, leaving no free coordination sites to which formate could bind to the metal. Some authors have proposed that one of the active site ligands decoordinates during turnover to allow formate binding. Another proposal is that the oxidation of formate takes place in the second coordination sphere of the metal. Here, we have used electrochemical steady‐state kinetics to elucidate the order of the steps in the catalytic cycle of two formate dehydrogenases. Our results strongly support the “second coordination sphere” hypothesis.
Benchmark Dynamics of Dipolar Molecular Rotors in Fluorinated Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Perego Jacopo , Bezuidenhout Charl X. , Bracco Silvia , Piva Sergio , Prando Giacomo , Aloisi Cristian , Carretta Pietro , Kaleta Jiří , Le Thi Phuong , Sozzani Piero , Daolio Andrea , Comotti Angiolina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFluorinated Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs), comprising a wheel‐shaped ligand with geminal rotating fluorine atoms, produced benchmark mobility of correlated dipolar rotors at 2 K, with practically null activation energy (Ea=17 cal mol−1). 1H T1 NMR revealed multiple relaxation phenomena due to the exchange among correlated dipole‐rotor configurations. Synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction at 4 K, Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics and phonon calculations showed the fluid landscape and pointed out a cascade mechanism converting dipole configurations into each other. Gas accessibility, shown by hyperpolarized‐Xe NMR, allowed for chemical stimuli intervention: CO2 triggered dipole reorientation, reducing their collective dynamics and stimulating a dipole configuration change in the crystal. Dynamic materials under limited thermal noise and high responsiveness enable the fabrication of molecular machines with low energy dissipation and controllable dynamics.