bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing and improving preoperative medication management in cardiac surgery
Authors: Morath Benedict , Meid Andreas D. , Zaradzki Marcin , Geßele Carolin , Nüse Stefanie , Chiriac Ute , Hoppe‐Tichy Torsten , Karck Matthias , Soethoff Jasmin 
Published: October 2022

AimsThe objective of this study was to analyse the preoperative medication management within the cardiac surgery patient population and measure the effectiveness of an interprofessional intervention in routine care.MethodsA jointly developed preoperative medication management was implemented in routine care on multiple levels (inclusion in admission letter to primary care, hotline for inquiries, pocket cards for physicians and correspondence with referring centres). The effectiveness was evaluated by analysing preoperative management before and after implementation. The primary endpoint was the number of drugs managed correctly according to the guidelines after implementation. Secondary endpoints consisted amongst others of bleeding on the intensive care unit, re‐thoracotomy, postoperative infarction and cerebrovascular complications. Additionally, possible associations between the correct management and different variables were investigated by multivariate analysis.ResultsAfter the implementation, the number of drugs managed correctly according to guidelines increased from 54.0 to 73.5% (P < .001). The effect was more prominent for direct oral anticoagulants and prophylactic aspirin where the guideline adherence increased from 29.2 to 74.5% and from 78.6 to 95.1%, respectively. No difference was seen for sodium–glucose transporter‐2 inhibitors, metformin, vitamin‐K antagonists and dual‐antiplatelet therapy. Secondary endpoints showed no safety signals with regard to bleeding or thrombotic events. In multivariate analysis, the intervention was effective (odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval [1.32–3.62]) after adjusting for possible confounders.ConclusionAn interprofessional programme was effective to improve preoperative medication management in cardiac surgery patients. Sodium–glucose transporter‐2 inhibitors, metformin and direct oral anticoagulants appear to be especially at risk for incorrect management before cardiac surgery with possible adverse events.
Atropisomerism transforming anti‐cancer drug discovery
Authors: Patel Simran , Sandha Khushi , Waingankar Anushka , Jain Prachi , Abhyankar Arundhati 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtropisomerism is a stereochemical phenomenon that describes how groups are arranged in space as a result of their impeded rotation around a single bond. It is one of the frequently underappreciated conformational kinds of chirality. A significant role for atropisomers in drug discovery and development has been established via substantial study on the characteristics of molecules exhibiting this form of chirality. According to studies on the target selectivity of anti‐cancer drugs, it was identified that atropisomers of specific compounds could be examined to modulate the selectivity of promiscuous inhibitors, which are a key target in cancer therapy. Conversely, it was discovered that these deliberate rigidifications of possible molecules along an axis of chirality gave an abundant possibility of acquiring more tailored anti‐cancer action. Atropisomerism plays a significant role in altering pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and thereby the success of any proposed drug candidate. It is thus necessary to anticipate the impact of stereogenic centres in such compounds on cancer drug development. Hence, herein we review atropisomeric anti‐cancer moieties which have been investigated based on their target proteins, origin and isomerism. The insights offered herein would be extremely useful in anti‐cancer drug design, pave way for new avenues to development promising potent agents to combat this life‐threatening disease.
ATF7‐dependent epigenetic changes induced by high temperature during early porcine embryonic development
Authors: Sun Ming‐Hong , Jiang Wen‐Jie , Li Xiao‐Han , Lee Song‐Hee , Heo Geun , Zhou Dongjie , Choi Jung‐Seok , Kim Kwan‐Suk , Lv Wenfa , Cui Xiang‐Shun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundActivating transcription factor 7 (ATF7) is a member of the ATF/cAMP response element (CRE) B superfamily. ATF2, ATF7, and CRE‐BPa are present in vertebrates. Drosophila and fission yeast have only one homologue: dATF2 and Atf1, respectively. Under normal conditions, ATF7 promotes heterochromatin formation by recruiting histone H3K9 di‐ and tri‐methyltransferases. Once the situation changes, all members are phosphorylated by the stress‐activated kinase P38 in response to various stressors. However, the role of ATF7 in early porcine embryonic development remains unclear.ResultsIn this study, we found that ATF7 gradually accumulated in the nucleus and then localized on the pericentric heterochromatin after the late 4‐cell stage, while being co‐localized with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). Knockdown of ATF7 resulted in decreases in the blastocyst rate and blastocyst cell number. ATF7 depletion resulted in downregulation of HP1 and histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) expression. These effects were alleviated when P38 activity was inhibited. High temperatures increased the expression level of pP38, while reducing the quality of porcine embryos, and led to ATF7 phosphorylation. The expression level of H3K9me2 and HP1 was decreased and regulated by P38 activity.ConclusionStress‐induced ATF7‐dependent epigenetic changes play important roles in early porcine embryonic development.
Gaps in our knowledge of managing inpatient dysglycaemia and diabetes in non‐critically ill adults: A call for further research
Authors: Dhatariya Ketan K. , Umpierrez Guillermo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe the gaps in knowledge for the care of people in the hospital who have dysglycaemia or diabetes.MethodsA review of the current literature and the authors' knowledge of the subject.ResultsRecent data has suggested that the prevalence of hospitalised people with diabetes is approximately three times the prevalence in the general population and is growing annually. A wealth of observational data over the last 4 decades has shown that people with hyperglycaemia, severe hypoglycaemia or diabetes, all experience more harm whilst in the hospital than those who do not have the condition. This often equates to a longer length of stay and thus higher costs. To date, the proportion of federal funding aimed at addressing the harms that people with dysglycaemia experience in hospitals has been very small compared to outpatient studies. National organisations, such as the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care, the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society have produced guidelines or consensus statements on the management of various aspects of inpatient care. However, whilst a lot of these have been based on evidence, much remains based on expert opinion and thus low‐quality evidence.ConclusionsThis review highlights that inpatient diabetes is an underfunded and under‐researched area.
Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review
Authors: Bergmann Natasha Chidekel , Davies Melanie J. , Lingvay Ildiko , Knop Filip K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObesity is a chronic, relapsing disease associated with multiple complications and a substantial morbidity, mortality and health care burden. Pharmacological treatments for obesity provide a valuable adjunct to lifestyle intervention, which often achieves only limited weight loss that is difficult to maintain. The Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity (STEP) clinical trial programme is evaluating once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg (a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue) in people with overweight or obesity. Across STEP 1, 3, 4 and 8, semaglutide 2.4 mg was associated with mean weight losses of 14.9%‐17.4% in individuals with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes from baseline to week 68; 69%‐79% of participants achieved ≥10% weight loss with semaglutide 2.4 mg (vs. 12%‐27% with placebo) and 51%‐64% achieved ≥15% weight loss (vs. 5%‐13% with placebo). In STEP 5, mean weight loss was −15.2% with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus −2.6% with placebo from baseline to week 104. In STEP 2 (individuals with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes), mean weight loss was −9.6% with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus −3.4% with placebo from baseline to week 68. Improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, including high blood pressure, atherogenic lipids and benefits on physical function and quality of life were seen with semaglutide 2.4 mg. The safety profile of semaglutide 2.4 mg was consistent across trials, primarily gastrointestinal adverse events. The magnitude of weight loss reported in the STEP trials offers the potential for clinically relevant improvement for individuals with obesity‐related diseases.
A theory of justice? Securing the normative foundations of EU criminal law through an integrated approach to independence
Authors: Mancano Leandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper raises the question as to whether a theory of justice exists in EU law. The focus is on justice as a system. The assumption is that the independence of institutional actors involved in the administration of criminal justice (mainly judges and prosecutors) vis‐à‐vis each other, and other State powers, is key to that system achieving justice as a value. Against the benchmark of judicial and prosecutorial independence developed in European law, the paper assesses the role for independence in investigative, prosecutorial and adjudicating functions as it emerges from the current state of EU criminal law. The conclusions reveal that the EU's idea of justice remains underdeveloped, and that there is a need for systemic coherence to better protect the rule of law and enhance the legitimacy of EU criminal law.
Evolution in agricultural systems: Moving toward the understanding of complexity
Authors: Rodrigues Leonor R. , Montserrat Marta , Magalhães Sara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgricultural fields are typically simplified ecosystems compared to natural sites, a characteristic that has long‐attracted researchers in Ecology and Evolution. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in understanding how agricultural systems are shaped by evolution in the context of changing agricultural practices by integrating biological information of crop systems. This editorial introduces the special issue “Evolution in agricultural systems,” incorporating the articles published within this issue into three general areas of research: phenotypic and genetic responses to the environment, biotic interactions and the role of microbes. Together, this body of work unveils unforeseen complexity at all levels, from microbes to trophic chains. Understanding such complexity is critical not only to better understand natural systems, but also if we wish to improve the sustainability of the food system.
Encapsulation of TA in edible nanofibrous mat improves antioxidant efficiency and their modulation of fatty acids profile in flaxseed oil
Authors: Yang Weiqiao , Duan Xiaoliang , Sun Hui , Fan Xuetong , Wang He , Wang Wenjuan 
Published: October 2022

SummaryEncapsulation of tannic acid (TA) in an edible guar gum (GG) – the nanofibrous delivery system was applied to improve antioxidant efficacy relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and non‐encapsulated TA under accelerated oxidation of flaxseed oil (FO). The TA fibrous mat (average fibre diameter of 96 ± 22 nm) significantly improved oxidative stability compared to BHT‐ and non‐encapsulated TA‐treated samples during the oil‐accelerated oxidation test (peroxide value, p‐anisidine, P < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) for eight fatty acids: palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, explained 80.0% of the total variation. Linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid were essential to the discrimination of fatty acid changes in the PLS model among all the studied variables. After 30 days of oxidation, TA fibrous‐mat‐treated FO was separated from the control‐, BHT‐ and non‐encapsulated TA‐treated sample, mainly due to the changes in linolenic acid. Our original study provides a novel method to improve the oxidative stability of FO and may support further exploration of the interaction between active nanodelivery systems and fatty acids.
Statistical analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Laird Nan M. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryLongitudinal studies play a prominent role in research on growth, change and/or decline in individuals, and in characterising the environmental and social factors which influence change. The essential feature of a longitudinal study is taking repeated measures of an outcome on the same set of individuals at multiple timepoints, thereby allowing investigators to characterise within subject changes during the measurement period. This paper provides an overview of how the basic design features and analysis of longitudinal studies are related to other study designs, including longitudinal clinical trials as well as repeated measures studies. I summarise the use of the linear mixed model as described in Laird and Ware for the analysis of a broad class of designs and present some applications in health and medicine.
Precipitation drives species accumulation whereas temperature drives species decline in Himalayan vertebrates
Authors: Hu Yiming , Gibson Luke , Hu Huijian , Ding Zhifeng , Zhou Zhixin , Li Weiqi , Jiang Zhigang , Scheffers Brett R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimMany studies have explored taxon‐specific richness patterns with elevation, but few have concurrently evaluated different mechanisms to explain elevational patterns across multiple taxa. We used a novel, cross‐taxa approach to study species richness patterns combined with a framework that tests drivers of species accumulation versus decline along the elevational gradient in the Himalayas.LocationThe Himalayas.TaxonMammals, birds and amphibians.MethodsWe used geographical and elevational data of 314 mammals, 842 breeding birds and 147 amphibians to investigate species richness patterns across elevational and geographical spaces. We divided the elevational species richness gradient into segments of species accumulation versus species decline by piecewise linear regressions. We used path analysis to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of the predictors on species richness for the overall pattern and its divided segments. We test the asymmetry of main drivers between the accumulation and decline segments of richness by iteration procedure.ResultsSpecies richness for most taxa tracks an elevational hump‐shaped distribution. The dominant driver of the overall pattern varied by taxa and in context to subregion. Across taxa, precipitation best predicts the accumulation of species richness, whereas temperature best predicts the decline in species richness. Moreover, temperature and precipitation can affect species richness indirectly through productivity, showcasing a large interactional effect of climate and productivity on species richness.Main conclusionsResource allocation of the ecosystem and requirements of the species differ between the lower and upper elevation segments but remain consistent across the overall gradient. The resources essential for promoting diversity and mediating stochastic processes are directly tied to precipitation at the process of species accumulation and temperature at the process of species richness decline. Our findings support the existing theory in climate change science that reduced precipitation combined with increasing temperature may cause species extinction in the species‐rich lowlands.
Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and vitiligo susceptibility: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms may play an important role in the vitiligo susceptibility. There have been many studies looking at the associations between VDR polymorphisms and vitiligo risk, but the conclusions are still up for debate.AimThis study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in the VDR are associated to the susceptibility to vitiligo.MethodsVitamin D receptor polymorphisms in vitiligo patients and controls were identified using PubMed/Medline and Embase databases. The relationships between the VDR ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and TaqI polymorphisms and vitiligo were investigated using meta‐analyses of all participants and Asian, Arab, European, and Latin American groups.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included 13 papers with 2034 patients and 2771 controls. In all individuals, there was no link between vitiligo and the VDR ApaI A allele (OR = 0.889, 95% CI = 0.713–1.109, p = 0.298). However, in Asians (OR = 0.721, 95% CI = 0.553–0.940, p = 0.016) but not in Europeans or Arabs, there was a link between the VDR ApaI A allele and vitiligo. Utilizing recessive, dominant, and homozygote contrast models, a link between vitiligo and the VDR ApaI polymorphism was discovered in Asians. Meta‐analysis of the VDR BsmI polymorphism showed a significant association between vitiligo and the B allele (OR = 0.812, 95% CI = 0.686–0.961, p = 0.015). In contrast, no connection between vitiligo and VDR polymorphisms was identified for TaqI and FokI polymorphisms.ConclusionIn the Asian population, ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms in VDR have been correlated to vitiligo susceptibility. However, TaqI and FokI polymorphisms in VDR are not associated with vitiligo susceptibility in European, Asian, Arab, and Latin American populations.
Themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity in important autobiographical memories: Associations with life periods and life satisfaction
Authors: Nusser Lisa , Zimprich Daniel , Wolf Tabea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionGuided by Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the present study investigated whether themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity are represented in older adults' most important autobiographical memories. Furthermore, we tested whether these themes are associated with certain life periods and whether having important memories (i.e., life story) that reflect developmental themes and are evaluated as positive is associated with life satisfaction.MethodsOne hundred and twelve (59.8% female) older adults (61–92 years, M = 70.96, SD = 6.81) reported up to 15 important autobiographical memories. Participants rated each memory according to the themes of trust/mistrust, identity/confusion, intimacy/isolation, and generativity/stagnation.ResultsUsing multilevel multinomial logistic regression, we found childhood memories to be associated with trust, memories from participants' youth with identity and intimacy, and adulthood memories with intimacy and generativity. Moreover, participants who rated their autobiographical memories (i.e., life story) as high in reflecting themes and, at the same time, perceived their memories as more positive showed higher levels of life satisfaction.ConclusionImportant autobiographical memories reflect how an individual became the person of today. They refer to age‐related themes of psychosocial development and are associated with a person's life satisfaction if they are also considered as emotionally more positive.
A foreign policy oriented toward personal interests: An analysis of Bolsonaro's approach to multilateralism
Authors: Soares de Lima Maria Regina , Albuquerque Marianna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHistorically, Brazilian diplomacy has centered its foreign policy strategy on multilateral institutions. Multilateralism has not only been an instrument to share the political costs of international decisions but also a defensive mechanism, due to Brazil's modest military capability. In this article, we consider that Bolsonaro's multilateral foreign policy represents the rupture of narrative. Departing from the premise that foreign policy is a public policy, hence subjected to domestic constituencies, Bolsonaro's conservative project is constructed in the intersection between domestic politics and the international system. First, we introduce our main hypothesis, that he employs an ideology of anticommunism, antiglobalism, and negationism to assure the loyalty of specific constituencies despite potential disruptions to collective interests and national long‐term strategies. Next, we connect the internal to the external by comparing Bolsonaro's approval in public opinion polls and his proposition or support of domestic laws to Brazil's stance in multilateral forums. To verify the validity of our argument, we aim to identify patterns of external behavior that correspond to the president's political ideas and guidelines and to concrete interests of domestic constituencies.
Playing with fire? Entrepreneurs and the foreign policy of Jair Bolsonaro's Brazil, 2019–2021
Authors: Loureiro Felipe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article considers how Brazilian entrepreneurs, mainly from the agribusiness and manufacturing sectors, interpreted and reacted to Brazil's foreign policy during the first 3 years of the Jair Bolsonaro administration (2019–2021). Through semistructured interviews and content analysis of business primary sources, the article concludes that, despite significant heterogeneities within and between economic sectors, agribusiness and manufacturing entrepreneurs were more critical of than complimentary toward the nature and directions of Bolsonaro's foreign policy. The article also shows that business lobbying was successful in several issues, including keeping the project of South American economic integration alive; containing the close association between Bolsonaro and Benjamin Netanyahu's Israel; and limiting the economic and political consequences of Brazil–China diplomatic crises. Despite their achievements, business leaders were less successful in moderating and much less changing Bolsonaro's approach toward the environment and climate change, which constituted a significant predicament for the country's image abroad and played a crucial role in obstructing the ratification of a trade deal with the European Union. Still, these negative implications were not enough to produce any serious split between business groups and the Bolsonaro administration during the first 3 years of Bolsonaro's rule.
Investigating First and Second Language Speaker Intuitions of Phrasal Frequency and Association Strength of Multiword Sequences
Authors: Yi Wei , Man Kaiwen , Maie Ryo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the accuracy of first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers’ intuitive judgments of phrasal frequency and collocation strength, and examined the linguistic influences that give rise to these judgments. L1 and L2 speakers of English judged 180 adjective–noun collocations as (a) high frequency, medium frequency, or low frequency and (b) high association, medium association, or low association. Results showed that neither L1 nor L2 speakers demonstrated accurate intuitive judgments of phrasal frequency and association strength. Both groups of participants employed linguistic information at phrase and single‐word levels when giving intuitive statistical estimates. We found judgments of phrasal frequency and association strength to be intertwined for both L1 and L2 speakers. Taken together, these findings shed new insight on understanding language users’ statistical knowledge of multiword sequences.