bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral signatures of face perception emerge in deep neural networks optimized for face recognition
Authors: Dobs Katharina , Yuan Joanne , Martinez Julio , Kanwisher Nancy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman face recognition is highly accurate, and exhibits a number of distinctive and well documented behavioral “signatures” such as the use of a characteristic representational space, the disproportionate performance cost when stimuli are presented upside down, and the drop in accuracy for faces from races the participant is less familiar with. These and other phenomena have long been taken as evidence that face recognition is “special”. But why does human face perception exhibit these properties in the first place? Here we use deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to test the hypothesis that all of these signatures of human face perception result from optimization for the task of face recognition. Indeed, as predicted by this hypothesis, these phenomena are all found in CNNs trained on face recognition, but not in CNNs trained on object recognition, even when additionally trained to detect faces while matching the amount of face experience. To test whether these signatures are in principle specific to faces, we optimized a CNN on car discrimination and tested it on upright and inverted car images. As for face perception, the car-trained network showed a drop in performance for inverted versus upright cars. Similarly, CNNs trained only on inverted faces produce an inverted inversion effect. These findings show that the behavioral signatures of human face perception reflect and are well explained as the result of optimization for the task of face recognition, and that the nature of the computations underlying this task may not be so “special” after all.Significance StatementFor decades, cognitive scientists have collected and characterized behavioral signatures of face recognition. Here we move beyond the mere curation of behavioral phenomena to asking why the human face system works the way it does. We find that many classic signatures of human face perception emerge spontaneously in CNNs trained on face discrimination, but not in CNNs trained on object classification (or on both object classification and face detection), suggesting that these long-documented properties of the human face perception system reflect optimizations for face recognition per se, not by-products of a generic visual categorization system. This work further illustrates how CNN models can be synergistically linked to classic behavioral findings in vision research, thereby providing psychological insights into human perception.
Mapping the content of comments on bioRxiv and medRxiv preprints
Authors: Carneiro Clarissa F. D. , Costa Gabriel , Neves Kleber , Abreu Mariana B. , Tan Pedro B. , Rayêe Danielle , Boos Flávia , Andrejew Roberta , Lubiana Tiago , Malički Mario , Amaral Olavo B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPreprints have been increasingly used in biomedical sciences, providing the opportunity for research to be publicly assessed before journal publication. With the increase in attention over preprints during the COVID-19 pandemic, we decided to assess the content of comments left on preprint platforms.MethodsPreprints posted on bioRxiv and medRxiv in 2020 were accessed through each platform’s API, and a random sample of preprints that had received between 1 and 20 comments was analyzed. Comments were evaluated in triplicate by independent evaluators using an instrument that assessed their features and general content.Results7.3% of preprints received at least 1 comment during a mean follow-up of 7.5 months. Analyzed comments had a median size of 43 words. Criticisms, corrections or suggestions were the most prevalent type of content, followed by compliments or positive appraisals and questions. Most critical comments regarded interpretation, data collection and methodological design, while compliments were usually about relevance and implications.ConclusionsOnly a small percentage of preprints posted in 2020 in bioRxiv and medRxiv received comments in these platforms. When present, however, these comments address content that is similar to that analyzed by traditional peer review. A more precise taxonomy of peer review functions would be desirable to describe whether post-publication peer review fulfills these roles.
Cooperative breeding in a plural breeder: the vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum)
Authors: Nyaguthii Brendah , Dehnen Tobit , Klarevas-Irby James A. , Papageorgiou Danai , Kosgey Joseph , Farine Damien R. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTCooperative breeding is widely reported across the animal kingdom. In birds, it is hypothesised to be most common in altricial species (where chicks are dependent on parental care in the nest after hatching), with few described cases in precocial species (where chicks are more independent immediately after hatching). However, cooperative breeding may also be more difficult to detect in precocial species and therefore has been overlooked. In this study, we investigate whether vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum)—which have precocial young—breed cooperatively and, if so, how care is distributed among group members. Using data collected from colour-banded individuals in one social group of vulturine guineafowl over three different breeding seasons, we found that multiple females can attempt to reproduce in the same breeding season. Broods had close adult associates, and most of these associates exhibited four distinct cooperative breeding behaviours: babysitting, within-group chick guarding, covering the chicks under the wings and calling the chicks to food. Further, we found that offspring care is significantly male-biased, that non-mother individuals provided most of the care each brood received, that breeding females differed in how much help they received, and that carers pay a foraging cost when providing care. Our results confirm that vulturine guineafowl are cooperative breeders, which they combine with an unusual plural-breeding social system. Our study also adds to growing evidence that cooperative breeding may be more widespread among species with precocial young than previously thought, thereby providing a counterpoint to the altriciality-cooperative breeding hypothesis.
Physiological adaptation of sulfate reducing bacteria in syntrophic partnership with anaerobic methanotrophic archaea
Authors: Murali Ranjani , Yu Hang , Speth Daan R. , Wu Fabai , Metcalfe Kyle S. , Crémière Antoine , Laso-Pèrez Rafael , Malmstrom Rex R. , Goudeau Danielle , Woyke Tanja , Hatzenpichler Roland , Chadwick Grayson L. , Orphan Victoria J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSulfate-coupled anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is performed by multicellular consortia of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) in obligate syntrophic partnership with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Diverse ANME and SRB clades co-associate but the physiological basis for their adaptation and diversification is not well understood. In this work, we explore the metabolic adaptation of four syntrophic SRB clades (HotSeep-1, Seep-SRB2, Seep-SRB1a and Seep-SRB1g) from a phylogenomics perspective, tracing the evolution of conserved proteins in the syntrophic SRB clades, and comparing the genomes of syntrophic SRB to their nearest evolutionary neighbors in the phylum Desulfobacterota. We note several examples of gain, loss or biochemical adaptation of proteins within pathways involved in extracellular electron transfer, electron transport chain, nutrient sharing, biofilm formation and cell adhesion. We demonstrate that the metabolic adaptations in each of these syntrophic clades are unique, suggesting that they have independently evolved, converging to a syntrophic partnership with ANME. Within the clades we also investigated the specialization of different syntrophic SRB species to partnerships with different ANME clades, using metagenomic sequences obtained from ANME and SRB partners in individual consortia after fluorescent-sorting of cell aggregates from anaerobic sediments. In one instance of metabolic adaptation to different partnerships, we show that Seep-SRB1a partners of ANME-2c appear to lack nutritional auxotrophies, while the related Seep-SRB1a partners of a different methanotrophic archaeal lineage, ANME-2a, are missing the cobalamin synthesis pathway, suggesting that the Seep-SRB1a partners of ANME-2a may have a nutritional dependence on its partner. Together, our paired genomic analysis of AOM consortia highlights the specific adaptation and diversification of syntrophic SRB clades linked to their associated ANME lineages.
Transcriptome mining extends the host range of theFlaviviridaeto non-bilaterians
Authors: Mifsud Jonathon C.O. , Costa Vincenzo A. , Petrone Mary E. , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Holmes Edward C. , Harvey Erin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTheFlaviviridaeare a family of positive-sense RNA viruses that include well-documented agents of human disease. Despite their importance and ubiquity, the time-scale of flaviviral evolution is uncertain. An ancient origin, spanning time-scales of millions of years, is supported by their presence in both vertebrates and invertebrates and the identification of a flavivirus-derived endogenous viral element in the peach blossom jellyfish genome (Craspedacusta Sowerby, phylum Cnidaria), implying that the flaviviruses arose early in the evolution of the Metazoa. To date, however, no exogenous flavivirus sequences have been identified in these hosts. To help resolve the antiquity of theFlavivirdaewe mined publicly available transcriptome data across the Metazoa. From this, we expanded the diversity within the family through the identification of 32 novel viral sequences, and extended the host range of the pestiviruses to include amphibians, reptiles, and ray-finned fish. Through cophylogenetic analysis we found cross-species transmission to be the predominate macroevolutionary event across the non-vectored flaviviral genera (median, 68%), including a cross-species transmission event between bats and rodents, although long-term virus-host co-divergence was still a regular occurrence (median, 23%). Notably, we discovered flavivirus-like sequences in basal metazoan species, including the first associated with Cnidaria. This sequence formed a basal lineage to the genusFlavivirusand was closer to arthropod and crustacean flaviviruses than those in the tamanavirus group that include a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate viruses. Combined, these data attest an ancient origin of the flaviviruses, close to the emergence of the metazoans 750–800 million years ago.
The effect of temporary workers and works councils on process innovation
Authors: Durach Christian F. , Wiengarten Frank , Pagell Mark 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of temporary workers and works councils on process innovations at manufacturing sites. The impact of temporary workers, commonly viewed as a means of operational flexibility and cost savings, on firms’ ability to innovate is underexplored. Works councils represent and help integrate temporary workers, but are often equated with unions, which have been criticized as barriers to innovation, especially in the US.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use secondary data collected by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) of the German Federal Employment Agency. Specifically, the authors conduct a series of regression analyses using 11-year panel data covering the period 2009–2019 with 11,641 manufacturing site-year observations.FindingsThe results suggest that the use of temporary workers initially promotes process innovation, but at too high a level, it impairs firms’ ability to innovate. Furthermore, the results suggest that works councils have a positive impact on innovation and dampen the curvilinear effect found with respect to temporary workers.Originality/valueResearch has largely focused on the cost and flexibility benefits of temporary workers. The authors analyze the effectiveness of temporary workers in terms of innovativeness. By including works councils, the study also consider the contextual environment in which temporary workers are employed. Finally, the results reject the assumption that works councils have a similar negative impact as unions on innovation; in fact, the authors find the opposite.
The role of resource investment as a key element for resolving the bank size paradox
Authors: Dahlan Rolan Mauludy , Kasali Rhenald , Wijanto Setyo Hari , Haryanto Jony Oktavian 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore the role of resource investment in resolving the bank size paradox, in which there is a direct positive impact on financial performance but also the potential for increased business diversification, which thus poses the risk of a negative impact on financial performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study assessed secondary data on 108 commercial banks in Indonesia using specific document types, including financial reports and banking directory reports published by the financial regulatory authority. The data thus obtained were analysed via covariance-based structural equation modelling.

Findings
In the context of the Indonesian banking industry, the results showed that firm size (or bank size) had positive effects on both diversification strategy and financial performance. Meanwhile, diversification strategy had a direct negative impact on financial performance but an indirect positive effect on financial performance when mediated by resource investment.

Originality/value
While this study empirically demonstrated the existence of the bank size paradox, the results confirmed that it could be reduced through the strategic role of resource investment, which minimises the negative impacts of diversification strategies on financial performance.
The effects of web-based language learning on university students' translation proficiency
Authors: Muftah Muneera 
Published: November 2022

PurposeWeb-based language learning (WBLL) materials have long been favored by English language instructors because they are plentiful, easily accessible, user-friendly and, most importantly, free. This research looks into the effects of learning the simple perfect tense translation in three different English translation classes that used three different teaching methods: traditional face-to-face, integrative and web-based learning. It also aims to investigate the impact of gender on every mode of instruction and to identify the most effective method for learning translation.Design/methodology/approachThe study is quantitative, with a pretest/posttest quasi-experimental research design. A total of 93 third-year undergraduate students (51 female and 42 male students) participated in the pretest/posttest design. Each group was exposed to one mode of instruction for nine weeks. All groups sat for a pretest in the first week of the treatment. After the treatment, the participants were provided with a posttest, and the data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS computer software program.FindingsThe findings revealed a significant difference in both tests for all modes used. All three groups improved in their gain score, but the highest gain among these groups was the integrative method, followed by web-based learning. The result of the independent sample t-tests and ANOVA exhibited that there was no significant difference in the level of students between the two groups, both were sig. two-tailed (p = 0.342). Furthermore, it was discovered that gender did not affect students' performance in the posttest (Z = −1.564, p > 0.05) when each mode of instruction was applied. Finally, the integrative method was observed to be the most effective.Practical implicationsThe findings can inspire translation course designers to plan necessary policies or syllabi regarding English translation courses and may serve as a platform for improving the curriculum for training and motivating the next generation of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners.Originality/valueThe findings of this study could be used to improve English instruction in countries where English is a second or foreign language. The actual gap in knowledge is that no other studies have compared all three groups in the past few years.
Effects of annealing and acetone vapor smoothing on the tensile properties and surface roughness of FDM printed ABS components
Authors: Torres Jonathan , Abo Elijah , Sugar Anthony Joseph 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to present the optimization of parameters and effects of annealing and vapor smoothing post-processing treatments on the surface roughness and tensile mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Design/methodology/approach
Full-factorial test matrices were designed to determine the most effective treatment parameters for post-processing. The parameters for annealing were temperature and time, whereas the parameters for the vapor smoothing were volume of acetone and time. Analysis of surface roughness and tensile test results determined influences of the levels of parameters to find an ideal balance between mechanical properties and roughness.

Findings
Optimal parameters for vapor smoothing and annealing were determined. Vapor smoothing resulted in significantly higher improvements to surface roughness than annealing. Both treatments generally resulted in decreased mechanical properties. Of all treatments tested, annealing at 100 °C for 60 min provided the greatest benefit to tensile properties and vapor smoothing with 20 mL of acetone for 15 min provided the greatest benefit to surface roughness while balancing effects on properties.

Originality/value
Vapor smoothing and annealing of FDM ABS have typically been studied independently for their effects on surface roughness and material properties, respectively, with varying materials and manufacturing methods. This study objectively compares the effects of each treatment on both characteristics simultaneously to recommend ideal treatments for maximizing the balance between the final quality and performance of FDM components. The significance of the input variables for each treatment have also been analyzed. These findings should provide value to end-users of 3D printed components seeking to balance these critical aspects of manufacturing.
A first‐arrival wave recognition method based on the optimal dominant energy spectrum
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Liu Huaishan , Li Qianqian , Liu Hong , Xing Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRefraction seismic data acquired by wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometers are typically used to invert geological structures. Accurate and reliable first‐arrival traveltime picks are therefore critical to successful refraction data processing. Unfortunately, signal‐to‐noise ratios of refraction data acquired by wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometers at far offsets are usually low; thus, conventional methods such as the energy ratio method and correlation analysis method usually fail to accurately and efficiently determine the refraction phase. We therefore develop a novel first‐arrival wave recognition method based on the optimal dominant energy spectrum to improve the accuracy of refraction wave picking on wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometer data. The method consists of three steps. The first step is to obtain the optimal dominant energy spectrum according to the power spectrum density of sample scanning. Second, the initial position of the first‐arrival wave is recognized by combining the range of the optimal dominant energy spectrum and the maximum point of its derivative. Third, the modified cross‐correlation method adjusts the initial position to obtain a more accurate arrival time. In this paper, we illustrate the workflow and feasibility of the proposed method via testing on model data. Then, the method is used to determine the first‐arrival time of field wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometer data acquired in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Xisha Islands. The results show that our method can accurately pick the refraction phase at offsets as far as 80 km, thus significantly reducing the uncertainties in first‐arrival phase picking.
THE PRESENCE OF THE ABSENCE: Indigenous Palestinian Urbanism in Israel
Authors: Blatman Naama , Sabbagh‐Khoury Areej 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay puts forward a theoretical framework for Palestinian Indigenous urbanism. It argues that the specific and diverse expressions of this urbanism are partly an outcome of the fact that Palestinian cities—as a modern urban form—predate the Zionist settler colonization of Palestine. We centre the longue durée of Palestinian urbanism as a constitutive mode for contemporary experiences of Palestinian citizens in Israel and link it to Israel's persistent attempts to erase the urban landscapes of Palestine, symbolically and materially. We discuss how the de‐urbanization of Historic Palestinian cities in Israel since the beginning of the Nakba has drastically changed the urban and rural landscapes of these cities, ultimately leading Palestinians to adapt, develop and create new forms of urbanism in and around cities. Although Palestinians live in very different types of cities today, Palestinian urbanism broadly manifests as a presence of the absence, namely as the recursion of pre‐1948 urban life. Thus, in this essay we provide a new lens through which to understand Indigenous urbanism as a recursive and relational anti‐hegemonic structure that predates and can outlive settler‐colonial violence.
Comparative response of two seasonal spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) morphs to different classes of insecticides
Authors: Seong Keon Mook , Sun Weilin , Huang Juan , Gut Larry , Kim Young Ho , Pittendrigh Barry R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrosophila suzukii Matsumura (Drosophilidae) is a devasting invasive pest affecting berry crops and cherry production throughout North America, South America, and Europe. This species has two different morph phenotypes, winter and summer morphs, which are temperature dependent. Chemical control is the most widely used management approach for managing the spotted wing drosophila, D. suzukii. Little is known regarding the differential response of the two seasonal morphs to insecticides. In this study, we identified a high number of differentially expressed genes likely involved in phase I, II, and III of detoxification pathways and other cuticular proteins in winter morphs as compared to summer morphs. Specifically, several detoxification genes (phase I: Cyp4e3, Cyp4s3, Cyp6d5, Cyp49a1, Cyp318a1; phase II: GstD10, Ugt35Bb, Ugt37b1, Ugt58Fa; phase III: Mdr65) were overexpressed more than two‐fold in winter morph. Additionally, we determined the median lethal concentration, LC50, values of Malathion, Cyantraniliprole, Imidan, Zeta‐cypermethrin, and Spinetoram insecticides to compare the insecticide susceptibility against two seasonal morphs of D. suzukii. For most of the pesticides tested, there were no differences between the LC50 values, between summer and winter morphs, however, we found that winter morph exhibited an LC50 value of Spinetoram 3.7‐fold, significantly higher than that of the summer morph. Overall, we demonstrated that seasonally induced different morphological phenotypes may result in different transcriptional response of phases I, II, and III of the detoxification pathways and other cuticular proteins. However, we found different responses to at least one insecticide, Spinetoram. It remains to be determined what are underlying physiological differences that lead to these changes in response to Spinetoram.