bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and histological correlates of cognitive decline across age in male C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Britton Rachel , Liu Angela T. , Rege Sanket V. , Adams Julia M. , Akrapongpisak Lily , Le David , Alcantara‐Lee Raniel , Estrada Raul A. , Ray Rebecca , Ahadi Sara , Gallager Ian , Yang Cindy F. , Minami S. Sakura , Braithwaite Steven P. , Czirr Eva , Campbell Meghan Kerrisk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing age is the number one risk factor for developing cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Aged humans and mice exhibit numerous molecular changes that contribute to a decline in cognitive function and increased risk of developing age‐associated diseases. Here, we characterize multiple age‐associated changes in male C57BL/6J mice to understand the translational utility of mouse aging.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice from various ages between 2 and 24 months of age were used to assess behavioral, as well as, histological and molecular changes across three modalities: neuronal, microgliosis/neuroinflammation, and the neurovascular unit (NVU). Additionally, a cohort of 4‐ and 22‐month‐old mice was used to assess blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Mice in this cohort were treated with a high, acute dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) or saline control 6 h prior to sacrifice followed by tail vein injection of 0.4 kDa sodium fluorescein (100 mg/kg) 2 h later.ResultsAged mice showed a decline in cognitive and motor abilities alongside decreased neurogenesis, proliferation, and synapse density. Further, neuroinflammation and circulating proinflammatory cytokines were increased in aged mice. Additionally, we found changes at the BBB, including increased T cell infiltration in multiple brain regions and an exacerbation in BBB leakiness following chemical insult with age. There were also a number of readouts that were unchanged with age and have limited utility as markers of aging in male C57BL/6J mice.ConclusionsHere we propose that these changes may be used as molecular and histological readouts that correspond to aging‐related behavioral decline. These comprehensive findings, in the context of the published literature, are an important resource toward deepening our understanding of normal aging and provide an important tool for studying aging in mice.
Understanding structure, functionality, and digestibility of faba bean starch for potential industrial uses
Authors: Li Dongxing , Yuan Tommy Z. , Li Jiayi , Wanasundara Janitha P. D. , Tulbek Mehmet C. , Ai Yongfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is growing interest in fractionating faba bean to produce various food ingredients; however, the technological attributes of the leading co‐product, faba bean starch, are poorly understood. This study examined the structures, functional properties, and in vitro digestibility of starches isolated from five varieties of faba bean cultivated in two different years in comparison with commercial starches.FindingsSome distinctive features were identified in the faba bean starches: no breakdown viscosity during pasting, remarkably stronger gelling ability, and greater enzymatic resistance in a raw state. The two growing years did not significantly influence the structures, physicochemical properties, and digestibility of the faba bean starches, except for the pasting profiles of certain cultivars.ConclusionsDespite the obvious differences in the sizes, tannin levels, and vicine and convicine levels of their seeds, the faba bean starches generally exhibited technological characteristics similar to those of the pea starch, while being significantly different from those of the maize starch.Significance and NoveltyThis study presented the unique properties of faba bean starches from five representative cultivars grown in different years, which will be meaningful for industrial utilization of faba bean starch with value addition.
Heating up the OER: Investigation of IrO2 OER Catalysts as Function of Potential and Temperature**
Authors: Czioska Steffen , Ehelebe Konrad , Geppert Janis , Escalera‐López Daniel , Boubnov Alexey , Saraçi Erisa , Mayerhöfer Britta , Krewer Ulrike , Cherevko Serhiy , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite intensive investigations for unravelling the water splitting reaction, the catalyst behavior during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still not fully understood. This is especially true under more demanding conditions like high potentials and high temperatures. Rotating disk electrode measurements show a gradual increase of OER current when increasing the temperature up to 80 °C. However, strong bubble formation at elevated temperatures makes in‐situ characterization of the catalyst challenging. Here we utilize an in‐situ electrochemical and heated flow cell, which aims at an efficient removal of bubbles from the catalyst surface and enables structural studies by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at temperatures up to 80 °C. Changes in the Ir L3‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) were observed with respect to the white line position and principal components related to structural changes were extracted. At temperatures of 60 °C and above, the white line position of XANES spectra reaches a steady state, which is possibly caused by an equilibrium of different Ir oxidation states. These findings provide first spectroscopic insights in the behavior of OER catalysts at elevated temperatures which are typical for industrial applications and rarely addressed until now.
Health status of prevalent cancer cases as measured by mortality dynamics (cancer vs. noncancer): Application to five major cancers sites
Authors: Colonna Marc , Grosclaude Pascale , Bouvier Anne Marie , Goungounga Juste , Jooste Valérie 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCancer prevalence is heterogeneous because it includes individuals who are undergoing initial treatment and those who are in remission, experiencing relapse, or cured. The proposed statistical approach describes the health status of this group by estimating the probabilities of death among prevalent cases. The application concerns colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancers and melanoma in France in 2017.MethodsExcess mortality was used to estimate the probabilities of death from cancer and other causes.ResultsFor the studied cancers, most deaths from cancer occurred during the first 5 years after diagnosis. The probability of death from cancer decreased with increasing time since diagnosis except for breast cancer, for which it remained relatively stable. The time beyond which the probability of death from cancer became lower than that from other causes depended on age and cancer site: for colorectal cancer, it was 6 years after diagnosis for women (7 years for men) aged 75–84 and 20 years for women (18 years for men) aged 45–54 years, whereas cancer was the major cause of death for women younger than 75 years whatever the time since diagnosis for breast and for all patients younger than 75 years for lung cancer. In contrast, deaths from other causes were more frequent in all the patients older than 75 years. Apart from breast cancer in women younger than 55 years and lung cancer in women older than 55 years and men older than 65 years, the probability of death from cancer among prevalent cases fell below 1%, with varying times since diagnosis.ConclusionsThe authors' approach can be used to better describe the burden of cancer by estimating outcomes in prevalent cases.
The prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among students living with disability in the Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Amare T. , Girma Biruk , Adane Aynishet , Muche Abebe , Ayele Tadesse A. , Getahun Kefyalew A. , Aniley Zelallem , Ali Semira , Handebo Simegnew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesPeople living with disability are more vulnerable to dental caries and have a high decayed, missed, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index and untreated dental disease than nondisabled individuals. In Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information on the oral health status of the disabled population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its predictors among special needs school students in the Amhara region, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution‐based cross‐sectional study was done on special needs school students in the Amhara region from November 2020 to April 2021. The study participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique using a computer random generator. Data collection was done using the World Health Organization oral health survey tool. Data entry was done using Epi‐data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS 26. A logistic regression model was used to identify the possible predictors of dental caries.ResultsFour hundred and forty‐three students with a mean age of 15.8 ± 3.8 were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries was 41.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.3, 46.0) in permanent dentition with a mean DMFT score of 1.3 ± 1.6. The prevalence of dental caries in primary dentition was 23.1% (95% CI: 11.9, 32.1) with a mean decayed, missed, and filled primary teeth (dmft) score of 1.9 ± 0.2.Being 7–12 years old (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 8.3), lower grade level (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.3,4.4), poor oral hygiene status (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.8), and lack of parental support during tooth brushing (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.1) were independent predictors of dental caries.ConclusionsA significant amount of special needs school students in the study area had dental caries. Age, grade level, oral hygiene status, and lack of parent support during tooth brushing were independent predictors of dental caries.
Climate change‐induced distributional change of medicinal and aromatic plants in the Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Shrestha Uttam B. , Lamsal Pramod , Ghimire Suresh K. , Shrestha Bharat B. , Dhakal Sajita , Shrestha Sujata , Atreya Kishor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) contribute to human well‐being via health and economic benefits. Nepal has recorded 2331 species of MAPs, of which around 300 species are currently under trade. Wild harvested MAPs in Nepal are under increasing pressure from overexploitation for trade and the effects of climate change and development. Despite some localized studies to examine the impact of climate change on MAPs, a consolidated understanding is lacking on how the distribution of major traded species of MAPs will change with future climate change. This study identifies the potential distribution of 29 species of MAPs in Nepal under current and future climate using an ensemble modeling and hotspot approach. Future climate change will reduce climatically suitable areas of two‐third of the studied species and decrease climatically suitable hotspots across elevation, physiography, ecoregions, federal states, and protected areas in Nepal. Reduction in climatically suitable areas for MAPs might have serious consequences for the livelihood of people that depend on the collection and trade of MAPs as well as Nepal's national economy. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the threats that future climate change may have on distribution of MAPs while designing protected areas and devising environmental conservation and climate adaptation policies.
The influence of bedrock river morphology and alluvial cover on gravel entrainment. Part 2: Modelling critical shear stress
Authors: Hodge Rebecca A. , Buechel Marcus E. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe critical shear stress (τc) at which grains are entrained on a bedrock surface is important for determining how bedrock rivers evolve through changes in sediment cover and bedrock erosion. The difference in τc for grains on bedrock and alluvial surfaces also determines whether a channel may be susceptible to runaway alluviation. Bedrock channel beds can have a wide variety of morphologies, but we do not fully understand how this variation affects τc. Here we address how bedrock morphology alters the grain entrainment parameters of pivoting angle, grain exposure and roughness height z0, and thus τc. In our companion article we used scaled, 3D printed replicas of seven bedrock surfaces to measure grain pivoting angles for four grain sizes. For three surfaces, pivoting angles were also measured with 25–100% sediment cover. In this second article, we combine these pivot angle data with measurements of grain exposure and surface roughness (standard deviation of elevations, σz) to predict τc using a force–balance model. The bedrock topography produces substantial variation in τc; for a given grain diameter (D), a 3.6× range of σz across the surfaces without sediment cover produces up to a 5.1× variation in τc. For comparison, for any single surface, τc varies by up to 2.5× for a fourfold range in grain size. Comparison to previous models with less representation of grain‐scale geometry shows that in our results grains move at lower values of dimensionless critical shear stress (τ*c), and that τ*c decreases more quickly with increasing D/σz. However, direct comparison is difficult because previous relationships are based on a hydraulic roughness length that cannot be easily predicted without hydraulic data. Our results propose a new relationship between D/σz and τ*c, but further development and testing require datasets that combine measurements of flow, τc and grain‐scale geometry.
Children's connectedness and shared meanings strategies during play with siblings and friends
Authors: Leach Jamie , Howe Nina , DeHart Ganie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present longitudinal study investigated children's shared meanings strategies used to initiate, sustain, and end connectedness during play with siblings and friends from early to middle childhood. Participants included 65 4‐year‐old focal children at time 1 (T1) and 46 7‐year‐old focal children at time 2 (T2) videotaped at home in separate semi‐structured free play sessions with an older or younger sibling and a same‐aged friend at both time points. Data were coded for (a) shared meanings strategies (e.g., introductions to play, description of actions) and (b) connectedness in communication (i.e., initiating, sustaining, and ending conversation). The two sets of codes were combined to create a new blended code (e.g., introduction‐initiate). Children used several strategies consistently to initiate, sustain, and end connectedness across play sessions, but in other cases employed strategies differentially. There were a few notable relationship differences; children engaged in more prosocial behavior and employed a play voice when initiating connectedness with their friend than sibling and more clarifications when sustaining connectedness with their sibling. The findings provide nuanced and novel insights into children's shared meanings strategies during play and connectedness in child‐child relationships across time.
Effects of co‐infection with Clonorchis sinensis on the sex hormones levels in male patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Dong Huimin , Shang Mei , Luo Minqi , Chen Wenya , Hu Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the levels of sex hormones in male hepatitis B patients co‐infected with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis).MethodsA total of 136 male individuals were enrolled in this study, including 27 healthy controls, 28 patients with C. sinensis mono‐infection, 19 patients with only chronic hepatitis B, 18 patients with post‐hepatitis B liver cirrhosis, 26 chronic hepatitis B patients co‐infected with C. sinensis, and 18 post‐hepatitis B liver cirrhosis patients coinfected with C. sinensis. Serum levels of progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in these groups were measured.ResultsThe results showed that compared with the LC group, the LC+ C. sinensis co‐infected group had an increase in E2 but decrease in T and FSH. The levels of E2 in CHB+ C. sinensis co‐infected patients were significantly higher than those in CHB mono‐infected patients, but the significantly lower levels of T were observed. Compared with HCs group, the LC group showed significant increase in all terms of sex hormones, except PRL. By contrast, the CHB mono‐infected group presented an apparent decrease in E2, T, and PRL than the HCs group. However, there were no significant differences in sex hormone levels between the C. sinensis mono‐infected patients and HCs.ConclusionThis study suggests that C. sinensis co‐infection aggravates the sex hormone disturbance in HBV patients at both chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis stages, providing evidences for potential strategies in disease prevention and treatment.
Hepatic encephalopathy and strategies to prevent readmission from inadequate transitions of care
Authors: Rosenstengle Craig , Kripalani Sunil , Rahimi Robert S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the most costly and frequent causes of hospital readmissions in the United States is hepatic encephalopathy in patients with underlying liver cirrhosis. In this narrative review, we cover current practices in inpatient management, transitions of care, and strategies to prevent hospital readmissions. Bundled approaches using a model such as the “Ideal Transitions of Care” appear to be more likely to prevent readmissions and assist patients as they transition to outpatient care. Numerous strategies have been evaluated to prevent readmissions in patients with hepatic encephalopathy, including technologic interventions, involvement of nonphysician team members, early follow‐up strategies, and involvement of palliative care when appropriate.
Missed diagnosis of cirrhosis in the inpatient setting
Authors: Amin Alpesh N. , Nguyen Peter H. , Tapper Elliot B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCirrhosis accounts for a large number of deaths in the United States and worldwide, leading to an increasing burden on the healthcare system. Cirrhosis is, however, a progressive disease with different potential complications related to liver dysfunction and portal hypertension. Often, patients may present with complications of cirrhosis without having been diagnosed previously. It is pertinent that clinicians recognize these signs to place patients on an appropriate course of management to help delay or avoid further disease progression while avoiding deleterious outcomes and unnecessary utilization. We will discuss the epidemiology of liver disease, cirrhosis, and its complications (hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and varices). In this study, we will discuss the rationale and impact of missing these diagnoses on the healthcare system and patient.
Modeling of Excess‐3 to BCD code converter for nano system using quantum‐dot cellular automata technology
Authors: Khan Angshuman , Safoev Nuriddin , Arya Rajeev 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work proposes a novel quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) layout for an Excess‐3 to BCD code converter for nano systems that is low in cell complexity. The suggested design uses a QCA clock‐phase‐based technique to evaluate integration with other complex circuits. The results obtained using the QCADesigner simulation tool demonstrate the superiority of the recommended layout over prior identical reverse counterpart designs by evaluating the cell numbers used, the space occupied, and the latency as design metrics. The suggested layout has a 56% decrease in occupied space and a 37.5% reduction in delay when compared to similar reverse counterpart scalable designs. In addition, the energy dissipation of the suggested structure was calculated and compared to previous comparable work (reverse equivalent) to confirm its reliability. The suggested circuit may be employed in bigger and more complicated circuits due to its advantage in numerous performance measurement parameters.
Physics‐Aware Machine Learning and Adversarial Attack in Complex‐Valued Reconfigurable Diffractive All‐Optical Neural Network
Authors: Chen Ruiyang , Li Yingjie , Lou Minhan , Fan Jichao , Tang Yingheng , Sensale‐Rodriguez Berardi , Yu Cunxi , Gao Weilu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiffractive optical neural networks have shown promising advantages over electronic circuits for accelerating modern machine learning (ML) algorithms. However, it is challenging to achieve fully programmable all‐optical implementation and rapid hardware deployment. Here, a large‐scale, cost‐effective, complex‐valued, and reconfigurable diffractive all‐optical neural networks system in the visible range is demonstrated based on cascaded transmissive twisted nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulators. The employment of categorical reparameterization technique creates a physics‐aware training framework for the fast and accurate deployment of computer‐trained models onto optical hardware. Such a full stack of hardware and software enables not only the experimental demonstration of classifying handwritten digits in standard datasets, but also theoretical analysis and experimental verification of physics‐aware adversarial attacks onto the system, which are generated from a complex‐valued gradient‐based algorithm. The detailed adversarial robustness comparison with conventional multiple layer perceptrons and convolutional neural networks features a distinct statistical adversarial property in diffractive optical neural networks. The developed full stack of software and hardware provides new opportunities of employing diffractive optics in a variety of ML tasks and in the research on optical adversarial ML.
Targeting human caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) as a novel therapeutic strategy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Luo Baozhu , Zhang Jiangnan , Qiao Wenliang , Zhou Yuanzhen , Huang Jiasheng , Yang Tao , Luo Youfu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is currently one of the most life‐threatening types of gynecological malignancy with limited treatment options and poor clinical outcomes. Human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP) is located in the mitochondria and plays an important role in several tumors. Moreover, HsClpP is overexpressed in OC and several other tumor cells. Thus, HsClpP modulation is regarded as a potential approach for OC treatment. In this study, we identified and validated a novel boron peptide Compound 43‐8F as a potent HsClpP inhibitor. Upon 43‐8F treatment, mitochondrial damage was observed to be closely correlated with upregulated intracellular reactive oxygen species production, decreasement of membrane potential, and ATP content suppression. Meanwhile, the expression level of SDHB and the ATF4 was increased after 43‐8F treatment, suggesting that 43‐8F treatment induces mitochondrial respiratory disorders and activates the integrated stress response pathway to inhibit tumor cell growth. Further, 43‐8F exhibited a good therapeutic and safety profile in OC xenograft model in nude mice. Together, these results suggest that 43‐8F exerts an anti‐ovarian cancer effect by inhibiting HsClpP pathway.