bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of induction weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin in esophageal cancer
Authors: Goli Vasu Babu , Menon Nandini , Patil Vijay , Noronha Vanita , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Induction therapy, both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, has improved outcomes in localized and locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, there is a lack of clear evidence regarding the optimal systemic therapy regimen for compromised individuals including those with significant comorbidities, poor performance status, and advanced age.

Objectives:
Our primary objective was to assess the overall survival of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer who received paclitaxel and carboplatin once-a-week as induction chemotherapy. The secondary endpoints were the progression-free survival, objective response rate, surgical resectability rate, and toxicity.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India, in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer who were planned for radical intent therapy (surgery or chemoradiotherapy) and who received induction chemotherapy with once-a-week paclitaxel and carboplatin between November 2012 and December 2019. We retrospectively assessed the efficacy and toxicity of the once-a-week paclitaxel and carboplatin induction chemotherapy regimen. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and the requirement for written informed consent was waived.

Results:
We included 141 patients in the study. Histology was squamous in 123 patients (87%). The disease was considered resectable in 44 (32.5%), borderline resectable in 65 (48.1%), and unresectable in 26 (19.2%) patients. Indications for the once-a-week induction chemotherapy regimen included age ≥70 years (89, 63%), renal dysfunction (40, 28%), comorbidities (17, 12%), poor performance status (27, 19%), and other (25, 17%). Median number of chemotherapy cycles was 6 (IQR, 5–9). Chemotherapy consisted of intravenous paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 2 once-a-week for 6–8 weeks. The objective response rate was 61%. Radical intent therapy was delivered to 81 patients (57%); surgical resection rate was 35%. The R0 resection rate was 95% and the pathological complete response rate was 10.8%. The median progression-free and overall survival were 15 (95% CI, 11–26) months and 20 (95% CI, 12–29) months, respectively. Thirty patients (21%) developed grade 3/4 toxicities (predominantly hematological) and 8 patients (6%) developed febrile neutropenia.

Conclusion:
Once-a-week paclitaxel and carboplatin is an active induction chemotherapy regimen with low toxicities. It can be delivered relatively easily in compromised patients; comparison of this regimen with standard induction regimen is warranted.
Vascular Access for Dialysis - A Choice Between Brachiobasilic versus Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Mahakalkar Chandrashekhar , Jajoo Suhas N. , Kaple Meghali , Kshirsagar Shivani 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The study aims to compare the vascular access of brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) to that of brachiocephalic AVF for hemodialysis in patients of end-stage renal diseases (ESRDs), in terms of patency, maturation, and the time of cannulation.

Objectives:
(1) To analyze the patency, maturation, and surgical outcomes of two autogenous upper arms' arteriovenous accesses: brachiobasalic and brachiocephalic AVF. (2) To analyze the factors responsible for patency and maturation of the AVF. (3) To define a criterion for vascular access maturation of the AVF.

Methodology:
It was a randomized controlled trial done on patients of ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis. Patients were randomized into Group A – brachiobasilic AVF and Group B – brachiocephalic AVF. They were either subjected to brachiocephalic or brachiobasilic AVF according to standard surgical guidelines. Follow-up was taken at day 30, day 90, and 6 months via clinical examination and color Doppler.

Results:
The patency of brachiobasilic fistula was statistically significant compared to brachiocephalic (patent: −85% vs. 71%, respectively, not patent: −15% vs. 29%, respectively) (P ≤ 0.05) at 6-month follow-up. In fistula used successfully for hemodialysis, significant difference of 73% and 56%, respectively, for brachiobasilic and brachiocephalic was observed.

Conclusion:
From the above study, it can be concluded that brachiobasilic AVF is superior to brachiocephalic AVF in terms of patency, rate of complications, and surgical outcomes. The factors responsible for the patency and maturation of AVF were identified.
Age and Gender Differences in Morphometric Measurements of Brain Stem Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Indian Adults
Authors: Ranganath Amrutha , Saklecha Anil Kumar , Singh Aasish , Vineela E 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Morphometric changes in the brain stem can be an early indicator for ongoing physiological or pathological changes. Establishing age- and gender-matched linear morphometric values of the brain stem serves as a useful reference for comparison.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to determine normal measurements of brain stem structures in healthy Indian adults and to establish age and gender differences in brain stem measurements if any.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 on patients referred to the department of radiodiagnosis for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Baseline data and linear midsagittal measurements on MRI were recorded.

Results:
A total of 142 patients were included in the study. The average measurements for midbrain, pons, medulla at pontomedullary (PM), and medulla at cervicomedullary junction are 1.67 ± 0.17 cm (mean ± standard deviation [SD]), 2.16 ± 0.18 cm (mean ± SD), 1.39 ± 0.16 cm (mean ± SD), and 1.08 ± 0.13 cm (mean ± SD), respectively. Significant reduction in brain stem measurements at all levels with P < 0.05 were recorded with increase in age except for the medulla at the PM junction which remained constant. There was no significant difference in brain stem measurements between males and females.

Conclusion:
Normal reference value for AP diameter of the brain stem in healthy Indian adults showed statistically significant reduction at various levels with advancing age. There were no statistically significant gender differences in sagittal diameter of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
Sexual Dimorphism in Cervical Spine – A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Gune Anita R. , More Swati Sarjerao 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Morphometric measurements of the spinal cord provide important clues regarding neural and spinal injuries. They are also of forensic importance and can be used to determine sex of an individual. These parameters have been shown to vary across age groups and ethnicity. Currently, there is a paucity of data regarding these parameters in Maharashtra, India. Therefore, studies are required to provide reference values for spinal canal parameters for this population.

Aims:
To study the cervical spinal canal morphometric differences in males and females in the west Maharashtra population.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative, retrospective study was conducted on 70 subjects aged between 18 and 70 years (36 males, 34 females). The sagittal vertebral body diameter, the sagittal spinal canal diameter, and the sagittal spinal cord diameter were measured at the C3–C7 level by magnetic resonance imaging. The space available for the spinal cord and Torg's ratio were determined.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Mann–Whitney U-test and unpaired t-test were used to calculate significant difference at P < 0.05.

Results:
Mean age of the patients was 48.53 ± 14.67 years. There was significant difference in the sagittal spinal canal diameter and spinal cord diameter (P = 0.000107 and P = 2.20e−16, respectively) from C3 to C7. In all the cases, the Torg's ratio of females (0.97–1.04) was higher than in males (0.89–0.95) and varied significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The study provides reference morphometric values for combined Torg's ratio and individually in males and females in the Kolhapur population.
Hazards of Vaccinating the Way Out of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tiwari Priti Nandkishor , Kushwaha Arvind Singh 
Published: July 2022

Context:
The COVID-19 pandemic burdened the healthcare systems and led to unprecedented impact leading to global economic crisis. In India, the vaccines given emergency use authorization for restricted use were Covishield and Covaxin. The majority of the known adverse effects of COVID vaccine were reported to be mild but there are some serious and severe adverse events reported in COVID-19 vaccine trials including deaths.

Aim:
To make estimates of the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) burden in India based on Vaccine Adverse Effect Reporting System data model from the USA.

Settings and Designs:
The descriptive study was carried out in March–May 2022. Data were extracted from report of National AEFI Committee, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Immunization Division, Government of India. This study made different hypothesis based on assumption of levels of underreporting ranging from 0.1 to 5%. From these hypotheses, projected deaths and those requiring hospitalization because of AEFI were calculated.

Results:
More than half (51.34%) of adverse events following immunization were classified as coincidental by National AEFI Committee. Actual reported deaths by MOHFW were 387 but estimated deaths may be around 38,700–41,400 or even more. From the total AEFI deaths, 77.78% were labelled as coincidental deaths. A Maximum of 53.82% coincidental death were because of cardiac cause.

Conclusion:
Deaths reported by MOHFW are likely to represent gross underestimate of the real scenario in India.
Predictors of Performance of Foreign-Trained Medical Doctors in the Registration Examination of the Ghana Medical and Dental Council
Authors: Lawson Henry Jeremy Odartei , Seneadza Nana Ayegua Hagan 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Although the influx of foreign-trained medical doctors (FTMDs) can improve the doctor-to-patient ratio in Ghana, there is the need to ensure that the quality of training is maintained. We assessed the performance of FTMDs in registration examinations over a 5-year period.

Methodology:
Data were extracted from Ghana Medical and Dental Council (GMDC) records from 2015 to 2019. Chi-squared tests assessed the association between the selected characteristics and the final grades. A multivariate logistic regression analysis determined significant predictors of the failure. The data were analysed using the statistical software IBM SPSS (version 26). The significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Of the 1356 doctors, majority (63.1%) were male, 64.3% were aged 21–30 years and 95.5% were Ghanaian. In all, there were 41 countries of training with majority training in China (35.4%) and Ukraine (31.9%). More than half (58.5%) failed the examination. Country of training, number of years from qualification to time of registration examination and number of previous attempts were statistically significantly associated with success at the examination. The logistic regression analysis showed that those who failed were more likely to have trained in Belarus (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.50–6.82), Ukraine (OR = 2.47, 95% CI; 1.55–3.92), China OR = 2.06, 95% CI; 1.30–3.26) and Russia (OR = 1.98, 95% CI; 1.21–3.23) and were 0.58 times likely to have trained in Cuba.

Conclusion:
The performance at the examination is low. The significant predictor of performance is country of training. The authors recommend that the GMDC provides counselling services for students who leave for medical training abroad.
Frequency of Kidney Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Stroke and the Relationship With the Type, Severity and Outcome
Authors: Shitu Abdul-Karim Olayinka , Akinsola Adewale , Ayodele Olugbenga Edward , Bademosi Olajide Feyisara 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim:
Kidney dysfunction is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including stroke. The study aimed at assessing the frequency of kidney dysfunction in patients with acute stroke and to evaluate the relationship to the type, severity and outcome of stroke. To establish a relationship, which has not been explained in past studies.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional analytical study on acute stroke patients and matched controls, evaluating for kidney dysfunction using both estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the spot urine protein creatinine ratio. The type of stroke was observed by neuroimaging. The National Institute of Health Stroke Score was used to assess the severity of stroke at presentation and outcome after 7 days. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) application version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:
Ninety-eight patients and 100 controls were recruited, with a mean age of 64.7 ± 15.5 and 64.8 ± 15.1 years, respectively. The patients with stroke had a statistically significant higher frequency of kidney dysfunction compared to the controls (85.9% vs. 62.0%, P ≤ 0.001). Patients with haemorrhagic stroke had a higher frequency of kidney dysfunction compared with those with ischaemic stroke (93.8% vs. 77.3%, P = 0.048). The proportion of patients with kidney dysfunction was seen to increase from those with mild to those with severe stroke symptoms, both at presentation and after 7 days. Estimated GFR was seen to be an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with stroke (odds ratio 0.955, 95% confidence interval 0.924 – 0.986, P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
The study demonstrated that in patients with acute stroke there is a high frequency of kidney dysfunction. Haemorrhagic stroke, increasing stroke severity and poor outcome were seen to be associated with kidney dysfunction. Thus, recommending the need for kidney care as an important part of stroke management.
Influence of land use and occupation on the chemical and physical fractions of organic matter in cultivated and native areas in the Atlantic Forest biome
Authors: Lopes Giovana Tetsuya , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Ozório Jefferson Matheus Barros , Silva Ozielly Maiane Mendes da , Santos Wesley Vieira dos , Santos José Victor Hugo dos , Gonçalves Andrea dos Santos , Panachuki Eloi 
Published: July 2022

This study quantified the C content of the chemical and physical fractions of SOM in different management systems in an Argisoil of sandy texture. The study was carried out in a reference area of Native Forest (NF), and in three managed areas: Permanent Pasture (PP), No-Tillage System (NTS) and an area of Private Natural Heritage Reserve (PNHR) in the process of natural regeneration. Soil samples were collected in the layers 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. We assessed the soil density (Sd), total organic carbon (TOC) content, chemical fractionation of SOM with determination of the C contents of the fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA) and humin (HUM), with subsequent calculations of the HA/FA ratios, AE/HUM, stock (StockC), physical granulometric fractionation and determination of C contents of particulate organic matter (C-POM) and carbon management index (CMI). Higher TOC contents were observed for the NF area. The C-HA and C-HUM contents were higher in the NF and NTS. NF showed higher C-POM levels in all layers evaluated. For the C-MOM, the NTS area was superior to the other managed areas. The managed areas had lower StockPOM values than the NF. The managed areas had lower CMI values in relation to NF. The NTS area showed that, even in crop succession, it contributes to the improvement of the soil organic fraction over the adoption time. On the other hand, the areas of PP and PNHR showed that inadequate management favors the reduction of edaphic quality.
Keywords: carbon in soil, carbon management index, chemical fractionation, physical fractionation.
Investigation of new natural coagulant - cationic hemicellulose associated with cationic tannin - for coagulation/dissolved air flotation (C/DAF) in the treatment of industrial effluent
Authors: Alves Ana Gabriela Tomé , Pacheco Ingrid da Silva , Freitas Amanda Bessa , Ribeiro Elaine Angélica Mundim , Canobre Sheila Cristina , Amaral Fábio Augusto do 
Published: July 2022

The use of plant-based coagulants (natural coagulants) in wastewater treatments has potential advantages over the inorganic coagulants used commercially. This study evaluated organic coagulants cationic hemicelluloses (CH) synthesized from peanut shell and associated with commercial cationic tannin (TSG) for use as the primary coagulation/flocculation treatment, followed by solid-liquid separation via sedimentation/flotation by dissolved air (DAF). The assay was carried out in a jar test on effluent from a multinational industry in the grain processing sector, located in the city of Uberlândia-MG. Coagulation diagrams were determined using the data spatial interpolation method of the Kringing regression model and the Tukey test was used to assess the difference in the results obtained. The optimum removal points of turbidity removal efficiency (TRE), greater than 98%, were achieved for the TSG/CH association with 200 mg L-1 (pH 10.72), 350 mg L-1 (pH 9.72), 500 mg L-1 (pH 9.56) in sedimentation. For the separation by DAF, the association of TSG/CH resulted in TRE values greater than 95% at dosages of 350 mg L-1 (pH 9.59) and 500 mg L-1 (pH 7.92). Furthermore, the results indicate that the associated use of TSG/CH, a coagulation aid, favored the coupling of the DAF bubble-particle, resulting in a smaller volume of sludge. In addition, CH expanded the action of TSG to the basic region.
Keywords: agroindustry residue, natural organic coagulants, primary physical chemical treatment.
Zero and uniqueness sets for Fock spaces
Authors: Aadi D. , Omari Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe characterize zero sets for which every subset remains a zero set too in the Fock space
$\mathcal {F}^p$
,
$1\leq p<\infty $
. We are also interested in the study of a stability problem for some examples of uniqueness set with zero excess in Fock spaces.
Detection of Benzimidazole Resistance-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Beta-Tubulin Gene in Trichuris trichiura from Brazilian Populations
Authors: Mendes de Oliveira Valéria Nayara Gomes , Zuccherato Luciana Werneck , dos Santos Talita Rodrigues , Rabelo Élida Mara Leite , Furtado Luis Fernando Viana 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Preventive chemotherapy is recommended by the WHO as the main strategy for controlling infections caused by nematodes in humans, aiming to eliminate the morbidity associated with these infections. This strategy consists of routine periodic administration of benzimidazoles, among other drugs. Although these drugs decrease the intensity of infections, they have the potential to exert selection pressure for genotypes bearing mutations associated with drug resistance, which may result in the establishment of resistant worm populations. There is evidence in the literature of resistance to these drugs in nematodes that infect humans, including in the species Trichuris trichiura. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the beta-tubulin gene located at codons 167, 198, and 200 are associated with the mechanism of resistance to benzimidazoles in nematodes. Here, we standardized a molecular technique based on an amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) to analyze codons 167, 198, and 200 of T. trichiura. The ARMS-PCR methodology was successfully established to evaluate the codons of interest. A total of 420 samples of individual eggs were analyzed from populations obtained from five Brazilian states. A mutation in codon 198 was observed at a frequency of 4.8% (20/420), while for the other two codons, no polymorphism was observed. This is the first report of the presence of this mutation in populations of T. trichiura in Brazil. This fact and the emergence of the problem already observed in other species reinforces the need for regular monitoring of SNPs related to benzimidazole resistance using techniques that are highly sensitive and specific.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DAN DINAMIKA POLITIK KEBANGSAAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Halili Heri Rifhan 
Published: July 2022

Dunia pendidikan pada dasarnya tidak pernah bersih dari ragam pengaruh politik, sosial, budaya, ekonomi, hukum dan ideologi. Masing-masing sistem dan nilai tersebut . Sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi oleh politik yang terjadi pada saat pendidikan tersebut diselenggarakan. Kebijakan pendidikan penuh dengan seringkali dijadikan sebuah media dan alat dalam menanamkan politik. Salah satu kelompok yang sangat berkepentingan terhadap pendidikan adalah penguasa. Dalam sejarah bangsa-bangsa, pendidikan senantiasa dijadikan alat propaganda politik negara atau paling tidak sebagai salah satu institusi sosialisasi politik (politically sozialitation). Dalam negara yang menganut sistem politik dan ideologi demokrasi, arah sosialisasi politik termasuk dalam lembaga pendidikannya yang dikembangkan dapat dipastikan bersifat demokratis; untuk negara yang berpaham komunis, propaganda politik yang ditanamkan akan mengarah pada sistem, proses dan budaya politik komunis; dan bagi negara yang berlandaskan agama, sosialisasi politik akan diselaraskan dengan konsepkonsep agama Dalam makalah ini, akan dibahas lebih jauh tentang pendidikan agama Islam dan dinamika politik kebangsaan di Indonesia.
KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA MADRASAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Na'imah Cik 
Published: July 2022

Principal as the leader of the institution with various functions and roles, of course, an important person is responsible for all the activities as well as forward or backward, good or bad, or whether a quality of education is excellent or not from the education institution that is lead. So it is not surprising that he referred to as the first and foremost on the existence and quality of education that is lead. Especially in the face of competition is so tight, both between educational institutions and output, then steps and educational innovations is something that can not be offered anymore and should be realized
POLA PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA ANAK KORBAN KELUARGA BROKEN HOME
Authors: A’yuni Qurrota , Maharany Syafira , Kasiari Nonik , Firdaus Wildani 
Published: July 2022

Marriage is the first step in forming a family. The expected family is, of course, a family filled with harmony with the presence of children who become jewelry and conditioning the hearts of all parents. The emergence of rifts and friction in the family is commonplace. However, the level of ability of each person is different. A harmonious family to old age is the result of his efforts in maintaining and maintaining relationships. On the other hand, when a family is damaged which leads to divorce, it is a failure to maintain relationships. In this case, the main party who is harmed is the child. Where he had to experience many changes in his life, especially from the social-emotional side. However, all problems must have a solution. Likewise for children who are victims of broken homes, both parents, neighbors, friends and teachers have their respective roles in how to deal with and treat children who are victims of a broken home. But basically it is parents who have an important and mosttimportant role in determining the fate of youngsters. The family is a madrasa for their children