bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation to Learn in Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Fryer Luke K. , Shum Alex , Nakao Kaori 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs research questions in the rapidly growing field of Open, Distance, and Digital Education shift from if to how these forums should be approached, a paramount and complementary area of research is the accompanying motivation students’ exhibit to learn in ODDE environments. This chapter critically examines the existing literature on student motivation in ODDE at each of the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, and beyond. Much existing research involves one-off comparisons between students’ motivation in using popular tools such as MOOCs, gamification of learning, interactive whiteboards, and AR/VR tools with not using them. While mixed effects have been observed, seldom are tools catered to theory and context in a manner that best supports students’ learning. To see the field continue to mature, results from studies must be situated within robust theories of motivation in educational psychology. More program-level research built on more stringent standards in design, analysis, and replication is required. Future directions of research are discussed.
Ising-like and Fibonacci anyons from KZ-equations
Authors: Gu Xia , Haghighat Babak , Liu Yihua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work we present solutions to Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ) equations corresponding to conformal block wavefunctions of non-Abelian Ising-like and Fibonacci Anyons. We solve these equations around regular singular points in configuration space in terms of hypergeometric functions and derive explicit monodromy representations of the braid group action. This confirms the correct non-Abelian statistics of the solutions. One novelty of our approach is that we explicitly keep track of spin basis states and identify conformal blocks uniquely with such states at relevant points in moduli space.
Dirac pairings, one-form symmetries and Seiberg-Witten geometries
Authors: Argyres Philip C. , Martone Mario , Ray Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Coulomb phase of a quantum field theory, when present, illuminates the analysis of its line operators and one-form symmetries. For 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 field theories the low energy physics of this phase is encoded in the special Kähler geometry of the moduli space of Coulomb vacua. We clarify how the information on the allowed line operator charges and one-form symmetries is encoded in the special Kähler structure. We point out the important difference between the lattice of charged states and the homology lattice of the abelian variety fibered over the moduli space, which, when principally polarized, is naturally identified with a choice of the lattice of mutually local line operators. This observation illuminates how the distinct S-duality orbits of global forms of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 theories are encoded geometrically.
Power counting energy flow polynomials
Authors: Cal Pedro , Thaler Jesse , Waalewijn Wouter J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Power counting is a systematic strategy for organizing collider observables and their associated theoretical calculations. In this paper, we use power counting to characterize a class of jet substructure observables called energy flow polynomials (EFPs). EFPs provide an overcomplete linear basis for infrared-and-collinear safe jet observables, but it is known that in practice, a small subset of EFPs is often sufficient for specific jet analysis tasks. By applying power counting arguments, we obtain linear relationships between EFPs that hold for quark and gluon jets to a specific order in the power counting. We test these relations in the parton shower generator Pythia, finding excellent agreement. Power counting allows us to truncate the basis of EFPs without affecting performance, which we corroborate through a study of quark-gluon tagging and regression.
Finding Generative Rules in Settlements and Houses by Means of an Ideographic Language
Authors: Seo Kyung Wook 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis research revisits an early space syntax method of ideographic representation which was proposed by Hillier and his colleagues in the 1970s. The method provided an effective way of capturing syntactic relations of enclosure in settlements and houses in its compact format but has not gained the attention it deserves in the field of morphological research. Taking advantage of its power of compressed description, we analyse architectural plans of Korean vernacular houses from the fifteenth to the twentieth century. Tracing the 600-years transformation process by means of a series of ideographic formulae, we investigate the changing patterns of their layout and reveal the genotypical elements shared by a wide variety of housing types. By translating spatial relations to simple linguistic descriptions, the ideographic method enables not only an economic way of representing built environment but also a deductive way of finding generative rules in it.
Inhibiting ERK dimerization ameliorates BRAF-driven anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Zaballos Miguel A. , Acuña-Ruiz Adrián , Morante Marta , Riesco-Eizaguirre Garcilaso , Crespo Piero , Santisteban Pilar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
RAS-to-ERK signaling is crucial for the onset and progression of advanced thyroid carcinoma, and blocking ERK dimerization provides a therapeutic benefit in several human carcinomas. Here we analyzed the effects of DEL-22379, a relatively specific ERK dimerization inhibitor, on the activation of the RAS-to-ERK signaling cascade and on tumor-related processes in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
We used a panel of four human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cell lines harboring BRAF or RAS mutations to analyze ERK dynamics and tumor-specific characteristics. We also assessed the impact of DEL-22379 on the transcriptional landscape of ATC cell lines using RNA-sequencing and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic mouse model of ATC.

Results
DEL-22379 impaired upstream ERK activation in BRAF- but not RAS-mutant cells. Cell viability and metastasis-related processes were attenuated by DEL-22379 treatment, but mostly in BRAF-mutant cells, whereas in vivo tumor growth and dissemination were strongly reduced for BRAF-mutant cells and mildly reduced for RAS-mutant cells. Transcriptomics analyses indicated that DEL-22379 modulated the transcriptional landscape of BRAF- and RAS-mutant cells in opposite directions.

Conclusions
Our findings establish that BRAF- and RAS-mutant thyroid cells respond differentially to DEL-22379, which cannot be explained by the previously described mechanism of action of the inhibitor. Nonetheless, DEL-22379 demonstrated significant anti-tumor effects against BRAF-mutant cells in vivo with an apparent lack of toxicity, making it an interesting candidate for the development of combinatorial treatments. Our data underscore the differences elicited by the specific driver mutation for thyroid cancer onset and progression, which should be considered for experimental and clinical approaches.
$$\varvec{\varepsilon }$$-Shading Operator on Riesz Spaces and Order Continuity of Orthogonally Additive Operators
Authors: Mykhaylyuk V. , Popov M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven a Riesz space E and $$0 < e \in E$$

0
<
e
∈
E

, we introduce and study an order continuous orthogonally additive operator which is an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-approximation of the principal lateral band projection $$Q_e$$

Q
e

(the order discontinuous lattice homomorphism $$Q_e :E \rightarrow E$$

Q
e

:
E
→
E

which assigns to any element $$x \in E$$

x
∈
E

the maximal common fragment $$Q_e(x)$$

Q
e

(
x
)

of e and x). This gives a tool for constructing an order continuous orthogonally additive operator with given properties. Using it, we provide the first example of an order discontinuous orthogonally additive operator which is both uniformly-to-order continuous and horizontally-to-order continuous. Another result gives sufficient conditions on Riesz spaces E and F under which such an example does not exist. Our next main result asserts that, if E has the principal projection property and F is a Dedekind complete Riesz space then every order continuous regular orthogonally additive operator $$T :E \rightarrow F$$

T
:
E
→
F

has order continuous modulus |T|. Finally, we provide an example showing that the latter theorem is not true for $$E = C[0,1]$$

E
=
C
[
0
,
1
]

and some Dedekind complete F. The above results answer two problems posed in a recent paper by O. Fotiy, I. Krasikova, M. Pliev and the second named author.
Biomedical Signal Denoising Via Permutating, Thresholding and Averaging Noise Components Obtained from Hierarchical Multiresolution Analysis-Based Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Zhou Yang , Ling Bingo Wing-Kuen , Zhou Xueling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiomedical signals are usually contaminated with interfering noise, which may result in misdiagnosis of diseases. Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a common interfering noise, and much work has been proposed to suppress AWGN. Recently, hierarchical multiresolution analysis-based empirical mode decomposition (EMD) denoising method is proposed and shows potential performance. In order to further improve performance of hierarchical multiresolution analysis-based EMD denoising, this paper combines hierarchical multiresolution analysis-based EMD, thresholding operation and averaging operation together. In particular, EMD is applied to the first intrinsic mode function (IMF) in the first level of decomposition to obtain IMFs in the second level of decomposition. The first IMF in the second level of decomposition is chosen as the noise component. For each realization, this noise component is segmented into various pieces, and these segments are permutated. By summing up this permutated IMF to the rest of IMFs in both the first level of decomposition and the second level of decomposition, new realization of the noisy signal is obtained. Next, for original signal and each realization of newly generated noisy signal, EMD is performed again. IMFs in the first level of decomposition are obtained. Then, consecutive mean squared errors-based criterion is used to classify IMFs in the first level of decomposition into the information group of IMFs or the noise group of IMFs. Next, EMD is applied to IMFs in the noise group in the first level of decomposition and IMFs in the second level of decomposition are obtained. Detrended fluctuation analysis is used to classify IMFs in the second level of decomposition into the information group of IMFs or the noise group of IMFs. After that, thresholding is applied to IMFs in the noise group in the second level of the decomposition to obtain denoised signal. Finally, the above procedures are repeated, and several realizations of denoised signals are obtained. Then, denoised signal obtained by applying thresholding to each realization is averaged together to obtain final denoised signal. The extensive numerical simulations are conducted and the results show that our proposed method outperforms existing EMD-based denoising methods.
Theoretical and computational investigation of the fracturing behavior of anisotropic geomaterials
Authors: Dimitri Rossana , Rinaldi Martina , Trullo Marco , Tornabene Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fracturing process in geomaterials is studied to characterize a potential host rock for radioactive waste, such as the kaolinite-rich Opalinus Clay formation. Because of its sedimentary genesis, this rock can be considered as a transversely isotropic geomaterial. A semi-circular bending test is here modeled based on the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM), to check for the formation and propagation of cracks in the rock, with a particular focus on the effect of notch dimensions and scale effects on the fracturing response of the specimen in terms of peak load. Starting with the XFEM-based results, a novel analytical formulation is also proposed to approximate the response of the material in terms of load-crack mouth opening displacement. The proposed formulation is also capable to provide a reliable estimate of the peak value and time history response, compared to some experimental predictions from literature, starting from a predefined value of initial notch depth, which could represent a useful theoretical tool for design purposes.
The duration of acceleration cycle downturns: duration dependence, international dynamics and synchronisation
Authors: Koutsoumanis George , Castro Vítor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the factors that affect the duration of economic downturns using data for growth (acceleration) cycles for 13 industrialised countries over the period 1950–2018. Our findings show that downturn periods die of old age. We also find that when trading partners are in a downturn, the duration of a country’s downturn is likely to be shorter, a likely outcome of common stabilisation mechanisms or terms of trade changes. Additionally, more open economies are found to experience shorter downturn periods and European Union countries show a higher level of synchronisation than the others. Lastly, trade linkages are found to intensify acceleration cycle synchronisation.
Modular Operator for Null Plane Algebras in Free Fields
Authors: Morinelli Vincenzo , Tanimoto Yoh , Wegener Benedikt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider the algebras generated by observables in quantum field theory localized in regions in the null plane. For a scalar free field theory, we show that the one-particle structure can be decomposed into a continuous direct integral of lightlike fibres and the modular operator decomposes accordingly. This implies that a certain form of QNEC is valid in free fields involving the causal completions of half-spaces on the null plane (null cuts). We also compute the relative entropy of null cut algebras with respect to the vacuum and some coherent states.
Upscaling between an agent-based model (smoothed particle approach) and a continuum-based model for skin contractions
Authors: Peng Q. , Vermolen F. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSkin contraction is an important biophysical process that takes place during and after recovery of deep tissue injury. This process is mainly caused by fibroblasts (skin cells) and myofibroblasts (differentiated fibroblasts which exert larger pulling forces and produce larger amounts of collagen) that both exert pulling forces on the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Modelling is done in multiple scales: agent-based modelling on the microscale and continuum-based modelling on the macroscale. In this manuscript we present some results from our study of the connection between these scales. For the one-dimensional case, we managed to rigorously establish the link between the two modelling approaches for both closed-form solutions and finite-element approximations. For the multi-dimensional case, we computationally evidence the connection between the agent-based and continuum-based modelling approaches.
Monteggia fractures and Monteggia-like-lesions: a systematic review
Authors: Weber Marc Maximilian , Rosteius Thomas , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Königshausen Matthias , Rausch Valentin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonteggia injuries are rare, but severe injuries of the elbow including various injury patterns. Treatment of these injuries is still topic of debate and strategies differ widely. In this systematic review on Monteggia injuries in adults, we aimed to clarify the incidence of different injury patterns within Monteggia injuries, investigate the main reasons leading to revision surgery and explore which surgical treatments should be favored to achieve satisfactory clinical results.We initially identified 182 publications and ultimately included 17 retrospective studies comprising 651 cases. All patients were classified using the Bado classification, leading to 30.5% Bado type I fractures, 60.4% type II fractures, 5.1% type III and 3.1% type IV fractures. Mean revision rate was 23%. Ulna non-union (28%) and limited range-of-motion (22%) are the main reasons for revision surgery. Meta-analysis shows a trend toward the use of locking plates for ulna fixation which may lead to less revision surgery and fewer ulna non-unions. Further biomechanical and clinical research is necessary to clarify the role of radial head surgery.
Oncological and functional outcomes of transoral laser surgery for hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Casanueva Rodrigo , López Fernando , García-Cabo Patricia , Álvarez-Marcos César , Llorente José Luis , Rodrigo Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgical resection or radiotherapy (RT) are standard approaches for early-staged hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). Transoral laser microsurgery (TOLMS) seems to provide good oncological and functional results with few local complications. The aim of our study was to analyze the outcomes of TOLMS, with or without neck dissection or RT, in the treatment of HPSCC in a tertiary referral center.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted in patients with early T-category (T1–T2) HPSCC treated by TOLMS.

Results
A total of 34 patients were included in the study. The series includes 17 (50%) T1 and 17 (50%) T2 classified tumors. The 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 51% and 66%, respectively, with a 5-year local control rate of 92%. All patients reassumed oral diet and none of them had a tracheostomy at the end of the follow-up.

Conclusions
TOLMS offers an effective treatment option in terms of oncologic control and function preservation in locally circumscribed HPSCC.
A prospective cost–benefit analysis for nylon 4N6FLOQSwabs®: example of the process and potential benefits
Authors: Budowle Bruce , Ge Jianye , Sajantila Antti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLaboratories and their criminal justice systems are confronted with challenges for implementing new technologies, practices, and policies even when there appears to be demonstrative benefits to operational performance. Impacting decisions are the often higher costs associated with, for example, new technologies, limited current budgets, and making hard decisions on what to sacrifice to take on the seemingly better approach. A prospective cost–benefit analysis (CBA) could help an agency better formulate its strategies and plans and more importantly delineate how a relatively small increase to take on, for example, a new technology can have large impact on the system (e.g., the agency, other agencies, victims and families, and taxpayers). To demonstrate the process and potential value a CBA was performed on the use of an alternate and more expensive swab with reported better DNA yield and being certified human DNA free (i.e., nylon 4N6FLOQSwabs®), versus the traditional less costly swab (i.e., cotton swab). Assumptions are described, potential underestimates and overestimates noted, different values applied (for low and modest to high), and potential benefits (monetary and qualitative) presented. The overall outcome is that the cost of using the more expensive technology pales compared with the potential tangible and intangible benefits. This approach could be a guide for laboratories (and associated criminal justice systems) worldwide to support increased funding, although the costs and benefits may vary locally and for different technologies, practices, and policies. With well-developed CBAs, goals of providing the best services to support the criminal justice system and society can be attained.
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein is sensitive to acute but not chronic tissue damage in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Gattringer Thomas , Enzinger Christian , Pinter Daniela , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Kneihsl Markus , Haidegger Melanie , Eppinger Sebastian , Demjaha Rina , Buchmann Arabella , Jerkovic Andrea , Schmidt Reinhold , Khalil Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) has been proposed as a biomarker in various neurological diseases but has not yet been systematically investigated in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We explored whether sGFAP levels are increased in stroke patients with MRI-confirmed recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI) and analyzed the subsequent course and determinants of sGFAP longitudinally.

Methods
In a prospectively-collected cohort of stroke patients with a single RSSI (n = 101, mean age: 61 years, 73% men), we analyzed brain MRI and sGFAP using a SIMOA assay at baseline and at 3- and 15-months post-stroke. Community-dwelling age- and sex-matched individuals (n = 51) served as controls.

Results
RSSI patients had higher baseline sGFAP levels compared to controls (median: 187.4 vs. 118.3 pg/ml, p < 0.001), with no influence of the time from stroke symptom onset to baseline blood sampling (median 5 days, range 1–13). At the 3- and 15-months follow-up, sGFAP returned to control levels. While baseline sGFAP correlated with larger infarct size (rs = 0.28, p = 0.01), neither baseline nor follow-up sGFAP levels were associated with chronic CSVD-related lesions (white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, microbleeds) after adjusting for age, sex and hypertension. Furthermore, sGFAP levels did not relate to the occurrence of new vascular brain lesions on follow-up MRI.

Conclusions
sGFAP is increased in patients with CSVD-related stroke and correlates with the size of the RSSI. However, sGFAP levels were not related to chronic neuroimaging features or progression of CSVD, suggesting that sGFAP is sensitive to acute but not chronic cerebrovascular tissue changes in this condition.
Nonlinear suppression using time-delayed controller to excited Van der Pol–Duffing oscillator: analytical solution techniques
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Amer T. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo suppress the nonlinearity of an excited Van der Pol–Duffing oscillator (VdPD), time-delayed position and velocity are used throughout this study. The time delay is supplemental to prevent the nonlinear vibration of the considered system. The topic of this work is extremely current because technologies with a time delay have been the subject of several studies in the latest days. The classical homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is utilized to extract an approximate systematic explanation for the system at hand. Furthermore, a modification of the HPM reveals a more accurate approximate solution. This accuracy is tested through a comparison with the numerical solution. The practical approximate analytical methodology makes the work possible to qualitatively evaluate the results. The time histories of the obtained solutions are drawn for various values of the natural frequency and the time delay parameters. Discussion of the results is presented in light of the plotted curves. On the other hand, the multiple scale procedure examines the organized nonlinear prototypical approach. The influence of the diverse regulatory restrictions on the organization’s vibration performances is explored. Two important cases of resonance, the sub-harmonic and super-harmonic, are examined according to the cubic nonlinearity. The modulation equations achieved for these cases are examined graphically according to the impact of the used parameters.