bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel classification of bone graft materials
Authors: Wickramasinghe Maduni L. , Dias George J. , Premadasa Kariyawasam Majuwana Gamage Prasanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the past few decades, the field of biomaterials concerning bone tissue engineering has gained a significant amount of interest. This has led to new biomaterials to be used as bone substitute materials. Despite the rapid increase in the types and forms of bone substitutes, a comprehensive classification encompassing all types of bone graft materials that have so far been developed and evaluated is lacking. Therefore, this review aims to integrate and bring together the published data on bone substitutes within the last 5 years and produce a novel classification that would provide bone material researchers with a better understanding of what materials have so far been used and evaluated and the areas, where research is lacking and deserves more attention. The literature available in all major databases was obtained and filtered using an elimination criterion to extract all the articles related to studies that tested bone substitute materials in nonclinical and clinical trials over the last 5 years. The review article would provide bone material researchers with an insight into the materials that have been evaluated for bone tissue engineering applications and identify future perspectives for bone graft material research.
Influence of parameters on mechanical properties of poly (L‐lactic acid) helical stents
Authors: Zhao Gutian , Liu Jiaming , Liu Muqing , Tian Yuan , Cheng Jie , Liu Wentao , Ni Zhonghua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith better biocompatibility, bioresorbable poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) helical stents are expected to replace the commonly used metallic stents. However, due to the great difference between the material properties of PLLA and those of metals, the current research results on mechanical properties of stents will not be applicative. In this article, the effects of i on the radial compression performance and bending stiffness of PLLA helical stents were systematically studied, and the effect of temperature on the radial compression performance of the helical stent was investigated. The findings obtained indicate that the reduction of initial pitch angle and initial diameter can enhance the radial compression performance. The reduction of initial pitch angle and the increase of initial diameter can weaken the bending stiffness of the helical stent. Moreover, the increase of temperature will reduce the radial stiffness and peak compression force of the helical stent. A favorable agreement between the theoretical and experimental results of radial compression properties was found in stents with the initial pitch angle between 14° and 21° and all initial diameters. This work can provide suggestions for the use of the theoretical formula in structure design of the helical stent.
Application of posterior canal skin flap for the repair of large tympanic membrane perforations
Authors: Faramarzi Mohammad , Bagheri Fateme , Roosta Sareh , Jahangiri Reza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveMany methods have been described for the repair of the tympanic membrane, but there is no general consensus as to the standard method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inferior base posterior canal skin flap on the graft success rate in large tympanic membrane perforations.MethodsAfter the post‐auricular incision, the posterior canal skin flap with inferior pedicle was created by two vertical and one horizontal incisions. Then the flap was rotated over the temporalis fascia graft. The graft success rate and postoperation hearing test results were evaluated in 52 patients who suffered from large tympanic membrane perforations.ResultsWe achieved a 92.3% total graft success rate with about 9 dB improvement in speech reception threshold (SRT).ConclusionThe rotational inferior base posterior canal skin flap tympanoplasty technique is simple, fast, safe, and effective for the repair of subtotal tympanic membrane perforations.
Lateralized Subthalamic Stimulation for Axial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Lizárraga Karlo J. , Gnanamanogaran Bhairavei , Al‐Ozzi Tameem M. , Cohn Melanie , Tomlinson George , Boutet Alexandre , Elias Gavin J.B. , Germann Jürgen , Soh Derrick , Kalia Suneil K. , Hodaie Mojgan , Munhoz Renato P. , Marras Connie , Hutchison William D. , Lozano Andres M. , Lang Anthony E. , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Parkinson's disease might develop treatment‐resistant axial dysfunction after bilateral subthalamic stimulation.ObjectivesTo study whether lateralized stimulation (unilateral 50% amplitude reduction) for ≥21 days results in ≥0.13 m/s faster gait velocity in the dopaminergic ON state in these patients, and its effects on motor and axial function, quantitative gait and speech measures, quality of life, and selected cognitive tasks.MethodsRandomized, double‐blinded, double‐crossover trial.ResultsIn 22 participants (51–79 years old, 15 women), there were no significant changes in gait velocity, quality of life, cognitive, and speech measures. Reducing left‐sided amplitude resulted in a 2.5‐point improvement in axial motor Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) (P = 0.005, uncorrected) and a 1.9‐point improvement in the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (P = 0.024, uncorrected).ConclusionsLateralized subthalamic stimulation does not result in meaningful improvement in gait velocity in patients with Parkinson's disease who develop treatment‐resistant axial dysfunction after bilateral subthalamic stimulation. Left subthalamic overstimulation may contribute to axial deterioration in these patients. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Nursing students’ self‐directed learning abilities and related factors at graduation: A multi‐country cross‐sectional study
Authors: Visiers‐Jiménez Laura , Palese Alvisa , Brugnolli Anna , Cadorin Lucia , Salminen Leena , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Nemcová Jana , Simão de Oliveira Célia , Rua Marília , Zeleníková Renáta , Kajander‐Unkuri Satu ,   the COMPEUnurse‐Consortium
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo describe nursing students’ level of self‐directed learning abilities and identify possible factors related to it at graduation in six European countries.DesignA cross‐sectional comparative design across the countries.MethodsThe study was conducted from February 2018 to September 2019. Nursing students (N = 4,135) from the Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain were invited to respond to the research instruments (the Self‐Rating Scale of Self‐Directed Learning and the Nurse Competence Scale) at graduation. The data were analysed using the chi‐square test, Pearson correlation coefficient and the linear model.ResultsThe nursing students’ (N = 1,746) overall self‐directed learning abilities were at high level in all countries. Statistically significant differences occurred between countries. Spanish nursing students reported the highest level of self‐directed learning abilities while students from the Czech Republic reported the lowest. Higher level of self‐directed learning abilities was related to several factors, particularly with the self‐assessed level of competence and country.
Fabrication and biocompatibility analysis of flexible organic light emitting diodes on poly(lactic acid) substrates: toward the development of greener bio‐electronic devices
Authors: Prontera Carmela Tania , Villani Fulvia , Palamà Ilaria Elena , Maglione Maria Grazia , Manini Paola , Maiorano Vincenzo , Tammaro Loredana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of biodegradable and biocompatible materials for electronic applications is a research topic of great interest, offering the possibility to develop bio‐electronic devices and reduce e‐wastes. In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films were prepared to be employed as substrates in flexible optoelectronic devices and their functionality was tested in indium tin oxide‐free organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The PLA substrates were fabricated by extrusion and characterized in terms of morphological, optical and wettability properties. The films showed optical transmittance of about 90% in the visible region and surface roughness of about 12 nm, optical and morphological parameters suitable for OLED applications. Different structures were fabricated on top of the PLA substrates by hybrid technology through solution‐based and thermal evaporation deposition methods. Good electro‐optical properties were detected in iridium complexes‐based devices, with current efficiencies of about 14 and 1 cd/A in structures with tris[2‐phenylpyridinato‐C2,N]iridium(III) (Ir[ppy]3) and bis[2‐(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐C2,N](picolinato)iridium (FIrPic) as emitting layer, respectively. The biocompatibility assay showed that the encapsulated devices do not release toxic substances and their biocompatibility can be improved by selecting different encapsulating glues. The results of this study show the potentiality of PLA as substrate for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable optoelectronic devices opening new routes for the development of advanced bio‐electronic systems.
Enhanced antitumor chemo‐immunotherapy by local co‐delivery of chemotherapeutics, immune checkpoint blocking antibody and IDO inhibitor using an injectable polypeptide hydrogel
Authors: Ding Junfeng , Wang Tianran , Chen Zhixiong , Lin Zhiqiang , Chen Xuesi , He Chaoliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe efficiency of antitumor immunotherapy is usually limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we developed a chemo‐immunotherapy strategy that is able to improve the immunosuppressive TME for enhancing the antitumor efficacy. The chemo‐immunotherapy was achieved by the topical co‐delivery of a chemotherapeutic drug, Doxorubicin (DOX), an immune checkpoint blocking antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (aPD‐1), and an indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, 1‐methyl‐d‐tryptophan (d‐1MT) by using a thermosensitive polypeptide hydrogel. It was revealed that the sustained DOX release from the hydrogel caused the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of B16F10 cells in vitro, and the tumor cell lysates subsequently promoted the activation of dendritic cells (DCs). After intratumoral injection into B16F10 melanoma‐bearing mice, the DOX/aPD‐1/D‐1MT co‐loaded hydrogel exhibited enhanced tumor inhibition efficacy and prolonged animal survival time, compared to the DOX/aPD‐1/D‐1MT mixed solution, DOX‐loaded hydrogel or DOX/aPD‐1 co‐loaded hydrogel. The improvement of immunosuppressive TME and enhancement of antitumor immune response after the local chemo‐immunotherapy were demonstrated by the augmented activation of DCs and increased infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, as well as enhanced secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the hydrogel‐based local chemo‐immunotherapy system holds great potential for effective antitumor treatment.
Investigation of fragmentation pathways of norpimarane diterpenoids by mass spectrometry combined with computational chemistry
Authors: Wan Xunda , Lan Ziqiang , Yang Shushu , Yang Shanzheng , Zhu Yangjian , Wang Feng , Yang Weiran , Chen Jinlong 
Published: February 2022

RationaleNorpimarane diterpenes possess plentiful bioactivities and are widely distributed in herbs, such as Flickingeria fimbriata. Rapid characterization of these natural products in complicated plant extracts is of great importance, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for chemical constituent profiling. However, limited researches on their fragmentation mechanisms seriously hinder identification via mass spectrometry.MethodsThree norpimarane diterpenes isolated from F. fimbriata via multiple types of column chromatography served as reference compounds, and collision‐induced dissociation experiments were performed on them with a series of variable collision energies. Plausible fragmentation pathways were proposed based on product ions. To further validate the fragmentation mechanisms, the proton affinity and product ion energy were simulated by density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d, p) level.ResultsThree main cleavage reactions induced skeleton breakage and resulted in characteristic ions, methyl (CH3‐20) migration, hydrogen arrangement and Retro‐Diels–Alder reaction, among which methyl migration was firstly proposed for pimarane diterpenes. A series of common diagnostic ions were identified, such as m/z 133.1012, 121.1012, 119.0805 and 107.0855. Additionally, the constructed fragmentation mechanisms were successfully applied for fragment ion rationalization of previously reported isopimarane diterpenes.ConclusionsFragmentation mechanisms of norpimarane diterpenes have been uncovered. Carbocation located at the C ring tends to result in methyl (CH3‐20) migration which has been rarely reported before. This characteristic dissociation reaction allows multiple diagnostic ions to be rationalized and aids in rationalizing fragmentation patterns of other diterpenes. The uncovered mechanisms also shed light on rapid identification of norpimarane diterpenes.
Boosting Cholesterol Efflux from Foam Cells by Sequential Administration of rHDL to Deliver MicroRNA and to Remove Cholesterol in a Triple‐Cell 2D Atherosclerosis Model
Authors: Jebari‐Benslaiman Shifa , Uribe Kepa B. , Benito‐Vicente Asier , Galicia‐Garcia Unai , Larrea‐Sebal Asier , Santin Izortze , Alloza Iraide , Vandenbroeck Koen , Ostolaza Helena , Martín César 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide, is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, which is characterized by lipid and inflammatory cell accumulation in blood vessels and carotid intima thickening. Although disease management has improved significantly, new therapeutic strategies focused on accelerating atherosclerosis regression must be developed. Atherosclerosis models mimicking in vivo‐like conditions provide essential information for research and new advances toward clinical application. New nanotechnology‐based therapeutic opportunities have emerged with apoA‐I nanoparticles (recombinant/reconstituted high‐density lipoproteins, rHDL) as ideal carriers to deliver molecules and the discovery that microRNAs participate in atherosclerosis establishment and progression. Here, a therapeutic strategy to improve cholesterol efflux is developed based on a two‐step administration of rHDL consisting of a first dose of antagomiR‐33a‐loaded rHDLs to induce adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporters A1 overexpression, followed by a second dose of 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine rHDLs, which efficiently remove cholesterol from foam cells. A triple‐cell 2D‐atheroma plaque model reflecting the cellular complexity of atherosclerosis is used to improve efficiency of the nanoparticles in promoting cholesterol efflux. The results show that sequential administration of rHDL potentiates cholesterol efflux indicating that this approach may be used in vivo to more efficiently target atherosclerotic lesions and improve prognosis of the disease.
Bacterial composition in the toheroa (Paphies ventricosa), a threatened surf clam from Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Authors: Bennion Matthew , Ross Phil M. , Lane Henry S. , McDonald Ian R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) is an Aotearoa (New Zealand) endemic surf clam that remains threatened following population collapse due to overfishing in the twentieth century. Despite protective measures being in place for more than 4 decades, toheroa populations have inexplicably failed to recover. As part of an investigation into the possible role of disease in preventing their recovery, an exploration of the bacterial composition in toheroa was conducted over their entire geographic range. The bacterial composition in toheroa tissues was dominated by Spirochaetaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, and Endozoicomonadaceae, and varied at both large (between geographically separated sites) and small spatial scales (beds < 10 km apart). At small scales, it was habitat, in this case the presence or absence of freshwater outflows, which appeared to be a major influence on bacterial composition. Given that the decline of toheroa has also coincided with changes in land use that have reduced the amount of freshwater reaching the toheroa beaches, it is possible that habitat-related shifts in the abundance of certain bacterial symbionts are affecting the health and impeding recovery of this iconic and culturally significant species.
On Huang and Wong’s algorithm for generalized binary split trees
Authors: Chrobak Marek , Golin Mordecai , Munro J. Ian , Young Neal E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuang and Wong (Acta Inform 21(1):113–123, 1984) proposed a polynomial-time dynamic-programming algorithm for computing optimal generalized binary split trees. We show that their algorithm is incorrect. Thus, it remains open whether such trees can be computed in polynomial time. Spuler (Optimal search trees using two-way key comparisons, PhD thesis, 1994) proposed modifying Huang and Wong’s algorithm to obtain an algorithm for a different problem: computing optimal two-way comparison search trees. We show that the dynamic program underlying Spuler’s algorithm is not valid, in that it does not satisfy the necessary optimal-substructure property and its proposed recurrence relation is incorrect. It remains unknown whether the algorithm is guaranteed to compute a correct overall solution.
Management of hepatitis B virus prophylaxis in patients treated with disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis: a multicentric Italian retrospective study
Authors: Buonomo Antonio Riccardo , Viceconte Giulio , Calabrese Massimiliano , De Luca Giovanna , Tomassini Valentina , Cavalla Paola , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Ferraro Diana , Nociti Viviana , Radaelli Marta , Buscarinu Maria Chiara , Paolicelli Damiano , Gajofatto Alberto , Annovazzi Pietro , Pinardi Federica , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Cordioli Cinzia , Zappulo Emanuela , Scotto Riccardo , Gentile Ivan , Spiezia Antonio Luca , Petruzzo Martina , De Angelis Marcello , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Solaro Claudio , Gasperini Claudio , Cocco Eleonora , Moccia Marcello , Lanzillo Roberta ,   Raising Italian Researchers in Multiple Sclerosis (RIREMS) study group
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) often receive disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that can expose them to reactivation of potential occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (pOBI). We aimed to evaluate the MS Centers behavior regarding HBV screening and prophylaxis in a large cohort of MS patients receiving anti-CD20 or cladribine.

Methods
Retrospective, multicentric study recruiting Italian MS patients treated with rituximab, ocrelizumab and cladribine.

Results
We included 931 MS patients from 15 centers. All but 38 patients performed a complete HBV screening. Patients’ age > 50 years was significantly associated with no history of vaccination and HBsAb titres < 100 mIU at baseline (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between post-vaccination HBsAb titres and type of treatment (p = 0.5), pre-or post-therapy vaccination (p = 0.2) and number of previous DMTs (p = 0.2). Among pOBI patients (n = 53), 21 received antiviral prophylaxis, while only 13 had HBV DNA monitoring and 19 patients neither monitored HBV DNA nor received prophylaxis.

Conclusions
Baseline HBV screening in patients receiving anti-CD20 and cladribine is a consolidated practice. Nonetheless, HBV vaccination coverage is still lacking in such population and age is a significant factor associated with low HBV protection. Rituximab, ocrelizumab and cladribine did not impair HBV vaccine response. Almost 35% of pOBI patients fail to receive HBVr prevention. Management of HBV prophylaxis could be improved in MS patients and further prospective studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic strategies in such patients.
Nobel somatosensations and pain
Authors: Reeh Peter W. , Fischer Michael J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Nobel prices 2021 for Physiology and Medicine have been awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian "for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch", TRPV1 and PIEZO1/2. The present review tells the past history of the capsaicin receptor, covers further selected TRP channels, TRPA1 in particular, and deals with mechanosensitivity in general and mechanical hyperalgesia in particular. Other achievements of the laureates and translational aspects of their work are shortly treated.
Caring for someone with cancer in rural Australia
Authors: Gunn Kate M. , Weeks Melanie , Spronk Kristiaan J. J. , Fletcher Chloe , Wilson Carlene 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the experiences of people caring for someone with cancer, while living in rural Australia, and the impact of the cancer-caring role on their well-being.

Method
Eighteen adults in regional or remote (‘rural’) Australia who cared for a person with cancer took part in semi-structured telephone interviews. Participants were aged 32–77 years and mainly female (66%). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and an essentialist approach.

Results
Eight themes were identified: (1) travel is hard, but supports are available; (2) frustration with systems that do not demonstrate understanding of the rural context; (3) the importance of lay and peer support; (4) the impact of access to trusted, local health care services; (5) the importance of access to rurally relevant information (particularly on relevant services and what to expect); (6) living with uncertainty and balancing loss with hope; (7) reluctance to seek or accept psychological support; and (8) the gendered nature of care.

Conclusion
Rural cancer carers’ roles can be made easier by improving health systems and coordination to ease the burden of travel, providing information about available support and what to expect throughout cancer treatment that is relevant to the rural context, and increasing access to quality health, community, and support services, including palliative care, in rural areas. More training on the specific needs of rural patients and their carers is needed for urban health care professionals. Peer support groups may have particular value for cancer carers in rural settings, where there are known to be multiple barriers to accessing professional sources of psychosocial support.