bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Temperature Trend for Clouds and Hazes in Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Estrela Raissa , Swain Mark R. , Roudier Gael M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The transmission spectra of exoplanet atmospheres observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the near-infrared range (1.1–1.65 μm) frequently show evidence for some combination of clouds and hazes. Identification of systematic trends in exoplanet clouds and hazes is potentially important for understanding atmospheric composition and temperature structure. Here we report on the analysis of spectral modulation using a large, uniformly processed sample of HST/WFC3 transit spectra from 62 exoplanets. The spectral retrieval includes the capability to detect and represent atmospheres in which the composition departs from thermochemical equilibrium. By using this unique catalog and measuring the dampening of spectral modulations compared to strictly clear atmospheres, we identify two populations. One is completely cloud/haze free spanning a wide temperature range, while the other population, identified as “partial cloud/hazes,” follows a trend from mostly cloudy/hazy around 500 K to mostly clear at ∼1500 K. We also find that a partially transparent aerosol component is frequently present and that it is typically vertically distributed throughout the atmospheric column. Our findings also suggest that while clouds and hazes are common in exoplanet atmospheres, the majority of planets have some level of detectable spectral modulation. Additionally, the empirical trend that clouds and hazes are minimized at 1460.86 K

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405

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316

revealed in our catalog has predictive utility for modeling the performance of large-scale transiting exoplanets survey, such as planned with the Ariel mission. This trend can also be used for making a probability-based forecast of spectral modulation for a given source in the context of future JWST observations. Future observations including the optical and/or a broader spectral coverage may be useful to further quantify the trend reported here.
A Potential New Mechanism for the Butterfly Diagram of the Solar Cycle: Latitude-dependent Radial Flux Transport
Authors: Zhang Zebin , Jiang Jie , Zhang Haowei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The butterfly diagram of the solar cycle is the equatorward migration of the emergence latitudes of sunspots as the solar cycle evolves. Revealing the mechanism for the butterfly diagram is essential for understanding the solar and stellar dynamo. The equatorward meridional flow at the base of the convection zone (CZ) was believed to be responsible for the butterfly diagram. However, helioseismological studies indicate controversial forms of the flow, and even present poleward flow at the base of the CZ, which poses a big challenge to the widely accepted mechanism. This motivates us to propose a new mechanism in this study. Using a data-driven Babcock–Leighton–type dynamo model, we carry out numerical simulations to explore how the latitude-dependent radial flux transport affects the latitudinal migration of the toroidal field, under different meridional flow profiles. The results indicate that when the radial transport of the poloidal field at higher latitudes is sufficiently faster, the toroidal fields of a new cycle at higher latitudes are generated earlier than that at lower latitudes, and vice versa. Thus, the butterfly diagram is suggested to correspond to the time- and latitude-dependent regeneration of the toroidal field due to the latitude-dependent radial transport of the poloidal flux.
Un renouvellement moral constant du capitalisme par la médiation sexuelle
Authors: Selim Monique 
Published: December 2022

Les sexualités sont aujourd’hui l’objet de débats intenses et de nouvelles législations visant à en expurger les violences et les agressions. À partir d’une posture d’anthropologue et d’épistémologie critique, l’auteure entreprend l’analyse de cette arène idéologique qui joue un rôle décisif dans la moralisation du capitalisme. Pourquoi les sexualités sont-elles le site privilégié de ce brusque réveil moral et comment ce dernier s’articule-t-il avec les autres champs sociaux, politiques, économiques ?
Pasteur : premier des post-pasteuriens ?
Authors: de Guglielmo Marine 
Published: December 2022

Ce texte vise à discuter le clivage historique et anthropologique proposé par les auteurs contemporains Heather Paxson et Jamie Lorimer, entre l'ère « pasteurienne » et l'ère « post-pasteurienne » ou bien encore entre l'ère « antibiotique » et l'ère « probiotique ». Nous proposons ainsi une relecture du travail de Pasteur et de ses collaborateurs, dans le but de questionner l'antagonisme qui l'opposerait au « post-pasteurisme » contemporain.
Migrants, parasites et exploitation minière
Authors: Kreimer Pablo , Ferpozzi Hugo , Layna Juan , Medina Leandro Rodríguez 
Published: December 2022

Les régions périphériques de la science, telles que les pays d'Amérique latine, ont souvent entretenu des relations complexes avec les centres d'expertise scientifique et technique. Dans ces régions, on espère que les connaissances scientifiques contribuent à la résolution de problèmes publics, alors que, dans le même temps, elles doivent satisfaire aux exigences des domaines et institutions de recherche dominants situés dans les centres hégémoniques. Cet article explore la dynamique par laquelle les acteurs locaux développent des stratégies (telles que l'établissement de liens avec des centres d'expertise technique et scientifique) pour légitimer leur position sur le plan local et devenir les porte-parole des questions publiques locales en jeu. Dans le but de comprendre le rôle de ces acteurs locaux dans la mise en place des questions publiques, nous analysons trois études de cas qui incluent les controverses récentes dans les études sur les migrations, la recherche sur les maladies tropicales et les enquêtes sur la pollution minière dans les pays d'Amérique latine. Cette analyse révèle que les questions publiques locales - ainsi que la gamme d'interventions conçues pour y répondre - sont définies par quelques acteurs qui agissent comme médiateurs entre les agents locaux et leurs partenaires internationaux. Grâce à leurs liens avec les centres mondiaux d'expertise scientifique et technique, ces « drivers » - généralement, mais pas exclusivement, des scientifiques d'élite ayant des liens internationaux - parviennent à mobiliser les connaissances et les ressources nécessaires pour coproduire les schémas cognitifs et politiques des questions en jeu. Toutefois, la dépendance des drivers à l'égard des centres mondiaux en termes de ressources matérielles et de légitimation, ainsi que l'absence de participation publique généralisée dans les régions périphériques, fait que les questions publiques locales sont abordées de manière discursive, plutôt qu'efficace, aussi bien par la science que par la politique.
« Se protéger ou périr »
Authors: Bronnikova Olga , Zaytseva Anna 
Published: December 2022

Cet article propose une analyse de la résistance et de l’adaptation des militants des ONG de défense des droits humains et des journalistes indépendants à la progressive souverainisation de l’Internet en Russie. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment évoluent les représentations et les pratiques de sécurité numérique de ces acteurs, ainsi que le rôle joué dans ces redéfinitions par les experts en sécurité numérique. Nous montrerons comment et en quoi l’écosystème des formations en sécurité numérique tel qu’il s’est formé depuis les années 2010 se trouve perturbé sous l’effet dissociatif des mesures stigmatisantes et répressives des autorités russes. Dépassant leur attitude ordinaire vis-à-vis de la sécurité (dont l’extrême se résume par un « je n’ai rien à cacher ») ces militants, aidés par leurs formateurs, sont amenés à une prise de conscience, moyennant une série d’incidents parfois traumatisants, d’un danger plus réel que jamais émanant des autorités russes. Face à de nouveaux défis, notamment liés aux classements stigmatisants en tant qu’ « agent de l’étranger » ou « organisation indésirable », ainsi qu’à l’exil massif, les pratiques de sécurité se réorganisent, des outils autrefois considérés comme fiables sont mis en doute. Des débats, quant à l’anonymat et au recueil de données, animent des communautés en voie de reconstitution.
Characteristics and containment of the outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhou Hongrang , Wang Xiaoling , Li Guifu , Wang Xiaoming , Zhou Zhe , Kong Wen , Pan Yinjun , Xu Xingxing , Ye Kaiyou , Pan Junfeng , Xiao Ning 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
The study aimed to describe the characteristics and containment of the Omicron variants in Shanghai compared with the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in China.

Methods:
We summarized the data retrieved from the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission from January to June 2022 and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China from March 2020 to August 2021. Epidemiological analysis was utilized to describe the differences among SARS-CoV-2 variants and the infection situation in the outbreaks in China.

Results:
The Omicron variants had the characteristics of high insidiousness, rapid transmission, high infectivity, and short incubation period, which were consistent with the characteristics of outbreaks caused by Omicron in other regions in China and abroad. There were 568978 asymptomatic infections in Shanghai from Feburary 26 to June 30, 2022, accounting for 90.73% of the SARS-CoV-2 infections in this outbreak wave. It's significantly different from a total of 23277 SARS-CoV-2 infections in China between March 31, 2020 and August 8, 2021, of which 41.97% of the cases were asymptomatic infections.

Conclusions:
Compared with previous outbreaks emerged in China, the Omicron outbreak in Shanghai was characterized by multiple point dissemination, wide coverage, a large number of close contacts of confirmed infections and asymptomatic carriers, and difficult source tracing. The lessons from Shanghai's response to Omicron showed that the dynamic zero-COVID policy is still the most suitable response to the virus which can quickly find the infections and curb the transmission route.
Subjective Assessment of Bonded Fixed Lingual Retainers
Authors: Kulkarni Narayan B , Shah Vinaykumar D 
Published: December 2022

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the patients' subjective assessment of bonded fixed lingual retainers after completion of active orthodontic treatment.

Objective:
A questionnaire comprising 11 questions evaluated the patients' experience with bonded fixed lingual retainer.

Materials and Methods:
The content was validated by a group of seven experienced orthodontists. The questionnaire survey was run using Google Forms, responded by 45 (50.6%) males and 44 (49.4%) females between the ages ranging from 19 to 42 years. Their responses were rated on a Visual Analogue Scale as applicable. Cronbach's alpha test was utilised for assessing the reliability, and the Chi-square test was used for the quantitative variables.

Results:
33.7% of individuals were most comfortable, and 2.2% had severe discomfort during retainer placement. 6.6% of individuals had severe difficulty maintaining oral hygiene in the upper arch and 4.4% in lower teeth and gums, respectively. 2.2% had severe difficulty in speech. 85.4% had no tongue ulceration. 37.1% of respondents had a very good overall experience with fixed bonded lingual retainer, 59.5% had mild problems and only 1.1% had severe problems with a very bad experience.

Conclusions:
The study concluded that the overall experience of respondents with fixed lingual bonded retainer had mild problems. It was comfortable for most of the patients in maintaining oral hygiene with mild difficulty in speech and chewing. The cause of failure of the retainer was mainly due to bond failure or broken wire in the retainer.
Audit of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Using P63 and Prostate-Specific Antigen Immunostains at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Darlington C , Ndukwe Chinedu Onwuka , Obiorah Christopher C , Ukah Cornelius Ozobia 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Prostate cancer (CaP) is a leading cancer diagnosis and cause of cancer-related deaths among Nigerian men, and the accuracy of the pathologic diagnosis is critical for optimal patient care. This study aims to define the relative proportional accuracy of the histological diagnosis of prostatic cancer with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) slides at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Nigeria. It also seeks to determine Gleason's grading and grade group pattern of CaP in our hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a 5-year retrospective study reviewing all the H and E slides of prostatic Tru-Cut biopsies that were already diagnosed as cancer at FMC Owerri. These diagnoses were read and confirmed using their morphological appearance on light microscopy. Those that were suspicious, especially those that were diagnosed with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (Gleason 3 + 3) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (Gleason 5 + 5), were sent for immunohistochemical studies. The well-differentiated carcinomas were stained for basal cells using P63, whereas poorly differentiated carcinomas were stained with prostate-specific antigens to confirm tissue of origin. These are to differentiate them from benign mimickers and metastatic carcinomas, respectively.

Results:
The age range of the patients was between 50 and 99 years, with a mean age of 72.84 years and peak age in the 70–79 years of age group. Using immunohistochemistry on the specimens which fitted into the criteria for immunohistochemistry, this study showed the relative proportional accuracy of the histological diagnosis of prostatic cancer using H and E to be 95.55% and the positive predictive value of H and E to be 0.83. With respect to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) group grading, high-grade cancers predominated, and the most predominant grade is 5.

Conclusion:
H and E stain has high diagnostic accuracy (95.55%), but a 4.45% diagnostic error using H and E is quite significant. Immunohistochemistry, therefore, should act as a most valuable adjunctive, which significantly increases the diagnostic accuracy of prostatic carcinoma diagnosis.
Nomophobia among medical students before and after COVID-19 – A propensity score-matched study
Authors: Kadiyala Pavan Kumar , Dayala P. Prasanth , Duggirala Naga Chaitanya , Busi Sukeerthi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
NOMObile PHone PhOBIA (NOMOPHOBIA) is a psychological condition where people fear of being detached from mobile phone connectivity or use. Mobile phones became the main source of entertainment and academics during the lockdown enforced to contain COVID-19. The present study aims to find the change in the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of nomophobia among medical students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students during September 2019 and after the second wave of COVID-19 in September 2021, using Google Forms. The form included sociodemographic data, clinical details, characteristics of mobile phone usage, and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The two groups (2019 and 2021) were matched using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

Results:
There were significant differences between the groups in terms of age, time spent and purpose of mobile phone usage, and frequently used mobile applications. Among the 2019 and 2021 groups, 99.50% and 99.54% had nomophobia, respectively. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of severity, and dimensions of NMP-Q, except the dimension of “losing connectedness.” After PSM, similar results of nil significant differences, except the increase in severity of the dimension of “losing connectedness” in the 2021 group were found.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 infection and lockdown, which happened during the era of technological advancement, have not changed the characteristics of nomophobia among medical students. However, post-COVID-19, there is a significant increase in the feelings of losing ubiquitous connectivity provided by mobile phones. If you find yourself always alert for phone notifications or reaching out to get your phone at frequent intervals, it’s time for a digital detox.
Changes in corneal topography asymmetry indices after corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus
Authors: Seleim Al Shaimaa M. , Abd-Elhalim Tamer I. , Shaheen Mohammed A. , Allam Waleed A. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in corneal topography asymmetry indices after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with keratoconus and to analyze their correlation with visual acuity changes and preoperative average keratometric (K) value.

Setting and design
This is a prospective interventional noncomparative nonrandomized study that was conducted at the Outpatient Clinic of the Ophthalmology Department of Tanta University Hospital.

Patients and methods
CXL was conducted in 30 eyes of 15 patients with keratoconus. Quantitative descriptors of corneal topography were measured with corneal tomography using a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam-Oculus). They included seven indices: index of surface variance (ISV), center of keratoconus index (CKI), index of height asymmetry (IHA), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), keratoconus index (KI), index of height decentration (IHD), and minimum radius of curvature (Rmin). Follow-up of cases was done for 6 months.

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in ISV (P<0.001), IVA (P<0.001), KI (P<0.001), CKI (P=0.007), IHD (P<0.001), and Rmin (P=0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in IHA (P=0.082). The improvement in postoperative indices was not correlated with the changes in corrected distance visual acuity. The preoperative average K value was statistically significantly positively correlated with the improvement in KI (r=0.589, P=0.001), ISV (r=0.495, P=0.005), preoperative IHD (r=0.422, P=0.020), and preoperative CKI (r=0.663, P=0.001), with a statistically significant negative correlation with the preoperative Rmin (r=−0,916, P>0.001). However, the preoperative average K value was not significantly correlated with the improvements in IHA (r=−0,078, P=0.681) and IVA (r=0.204, P=0.280).

Conclusion
There was a significant improvement in six of the seven topography indices 6 months after CXL. Improvement in these indices was not correlated with corrected distance visual acuity changes. The preoperative average K value was significantly correlated with the improvement in KI, ISV, preoperative IHD, preoperative CKI, and preoperative Rmin.
Ranibizumab versus aflibercept for macular edema secondary to nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion in young adult patients
Authors: Amer Ahmed A. , El Shafie Mohamed A.M. , Hassan Nader H.F. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the effect ranibizumab and aflibercept in the treatment of macular edema secondary to nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in young adults.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective double-armed clinical trial that enrolled 40 eyes of 40 young adult patients (aged <50 years) with macular edema due to CRVO. The patients were randomized into two groups of 20 patients each. The first group received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, whereas the second group received intravitreal aflibercept injection. All patients were subjected to measurement of best-corrected visual acuity, fluorescein angiography to detect retinal ischemia, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography to measure the macular edema at baseline and during a 12-month follow-up period. In each group, three intravitreal injections were given with a 1-month interval between injections.

Results
In group 1, the best-corrected visual acuity had a significant steady increase over time from a baseline value of 48.25±6.4 ETDRS letters to 55.85±10.3 letters at 1 year (P=0.017). Similarly, in group 2, there was also a significant steady increase over time from a baseline value of 55.9±7.2 letters to 60.75±8.4 letters at 1 year (P=0.035), with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Regarding the central subfield thickness (CST), in the first group, a statistically significant decrease in the CST was reported over time from a baseline value of 557.85±69.7–295.1±55.9 μm at 1 year (P<0.001). Similarly, in the second group, the CST decreased significantly from a baseline value of 570.65±59.2–328.2±72.4 μm at 1 year, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion
Ranibizumab and aflibercept showed a comparable promising outcome in the management of macular edema secondary to nonischemic CRVO in patients aged less than 50 years. Further multicentric randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
Assessment of the factors that affect the selection of a dentifrice among a population of 18–24-year-old students in Mangalore: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Jain Aakash , Pralhad Swati , Jain Animesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Bacterial plaque accumulation is the primary etiological factor for periodontal disease; hence, prevention of its accumulation is the cornerstone to any oral hygiene practice. Mechanical tooth cleaning by means of toothbrush and a dentifrice remains the most reliable and common method for controlling supragingival plaque. The objective of the study was to evaluate the factors considered while choosing a dentifrice and also to assess the role of socioeconomic status in determining these factors.

Materials and Methods:
This was a questionnaire study carried out among undergraduate students from the business and mass communication background of two private degree colleges in Dakshina Kannada, India. Two hundred and fifty-five students were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 24 close-ended questions.

Results and Conclusion:
The parameters of brand name, availability, and the flavor of the dentifrice are among the most accepted factors that a consumer takes into consideration in selecting a dentifrice. Parameters of influence (parents, colleagues, and celebrities), advertisement, and dentist recommendations of a dentifrice were also found to have a major influence on the consumer in selecting a dentifrice.