bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking business strategies with upgrading pathways in global value chains: Insights from the Kenyan solar market
Authors: Hansen Ulrich Elmer , Bhamidipati Padmasai Lakshmi , Pedersen Mathilde Brix , Nygaard Ivan , Njoroge Hope Nyambura 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMotivationResearch on global value chains (GVCs) has tended to overlook the agency of the local firm when it comes to processes of upgrading.PurposeWe attend to this knowledge gap by exploring the relationship between the business strategies and upgrading pathways of 14 firms operating in the value chain for solar systems in Kenya.Methods and approachThe article draws on in‐depth fieldwork carried out in Kenya, which included 30 semi‐structured interviews with firm representatives and industry informants.FindingsWe find that local firms pursue different upgrading pathways in order to be competitive and we show the underlying business strategies whereby firms pursue different upgrading pathways.Policy implicationsThe article contributes to overcoming the prevailing black‐boxing in the GVC literature on local firms undergoing processes of upgrading.
Development and characterisation of packing, microstructural, physico‐ and phytochemical attributes of potential functional jamun (Syzygium cumini L.)pomace powder for direct compression: high antioxidant nutraceutical tablets
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Aggarwal Poonam 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis study aimed at drying jamun pomace; a rich source of bioactive compounds and utilising it for development of phytonutrient and antioxidant‐rich nutraceutical tablets by mixing with ultrasonically extracted pomace extract. Packing, microstructural, physico‐ and phytochemical properties of the powders produced by freeze drying, hot air drying were evaluated. Freeze‐dried powder showed better flowability, lower Hausner ratio and less hygroscopicity. Phytochemicals of freeze‐dried powder were approximately 15% higher than cabinet dried powder, further confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, while producing more uniform particles as confirmed using SEM and particle size distribution. The freeze‐dried powder was further mixed with ultrasonically extracted pomace extract (using distilled water acidified with citric acid as solvent) in the ratio 1:1 (w/v) to increase phytonutritional profile and compressed to form tablets, which showed rapid disintegration and in vitro release of anthocyanins. Storage studies (at 25 ± 2 °C/50%–88% RH) revealed that the moisture and water activity significantly (P < 0.05) increased while approximately 76% phytochemicals and 81.20% antioxidant activities were retained at the end of four months. In the nutshell, the formulation of nutraceutical tablets with good bioavailability cannot only help in the effective utilisation of jamun waste but also provide nutraceutical product.
Low‐temperature synthesis of high‐entropy (Hf0.2Ti0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2 powders combined with theoretical forecast of its elastic and thermal properties
Authors: Gao Yu , Huang Liang , Tong Zhaoming , Liu Jianghao , Zhang Qi , Zhang Haijun , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA theoretical calculation combined with experiment was used to study high‐entropy (Hf0.2Ti0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2 (HEB‐HfTiMoTaNb). The theoretical calculation suggested HEB‐HfTiMoTaNb could be stable over a wide temperature range. Then, a novel solvothermal/molten salt‐assisted borothermal reduction method was proposed to efficiently pre‐disperse transitional metal atoms in a precursor and synthesize (Hf0.2Ti0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2 nanoscale powders at 1573 K for 6 h, which is nearly 300 K lower than previous reports. The characterization results indicated that the as‐synthesized nanoscale HEB‐HfTiMoTaNb powder was hexagonal single‐phase with homogeneous elements distribution and uniform size, and the oxygen content of the particles is 0.97 wt%. Simultaneously, the mechanical properties, anisotropic nature, and thermal properties of HEB‐HfTiMoTaNb were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Cannikin's law was adopted to explain the improvement of comprehensive mechanical properties. In addition, a significant reduction of thermal conductivity was observed for HEB‐HfTiMoTaNb and it only was 1/15 of the value of HfB2. This work suggests a reliable technique for synthesis of nanosized HEB powders and discovery of high‐entropy materials under the guidance of first‐principle theory.
Clinical findings are not helpful in detecting lentigo maligna melanoma in patients with biopsy‐proven lentigo maligna
Authors: Zoutendijk J. , Koljenovic S. , Wakkee M. , Mooyaart A.L. , Nijsten T. , van den Bos R.R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLentigo maligna (LM) based on biopsy material might be lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) after excision.ObjectivesInvestigate whether clinical and dermoscopic mapping increases the detection rate of LMM when investigating staged excision specimens of biopsy proven LM.MethodsPatients with biopsy‐proven LM planned for staged excision were included. Using clinical inspection and dermoscopy, spots suspicious for LMM were marked. After the excision, needles were placed at the marked spots. Histological examination using vertical sections was done at the needles followed by the standard amount of vertical sections.ResultsIn 28 of the 58 biopsy‐proven LM, there was clinical suspicion of LMM, only 3 of these 28 cases were upgraded into LMM. These three cases showed LMM in other sections, whereas only 1 case showed LMM around the needle. Within the group without clinical suspicion of LMM, 2 cases were LMM. Biopsy‐proven LM were in fact LMM in 8.6% of the cases and were found without the clinical guidance of the dermatologist.Conclusions8.6% of the biopsy‐proven LM were LMM after complete histological examination. In this study, the dermatologist was not able to increase the detection rate of LMM by using clinical and dermoscopic mapping.
Dysbiosis of skin microbiota with increased fungal diversity is associated with severity of disease in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Schmid B. , Künstner A. , Fähnrich A. , Bersuch E. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Busch H. , Glatz M. , Bosshard P.P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease and an altered skin microbiota with an increase of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported. However, the role of fungi remains poorly investigated.ObjectivesWe aimed to improve the understanding of the fungal skin microbiota, the mycobiota, in AD in relation to the bacterial colonization.MethodsSkin swabs of 16 AD patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) from four different skin sites, that is antecubital crease, dorsal neck, glabella and vertex from multiple time points were analysed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) and 16S rRNA gene for fungi and bacteria, respectively.ResultsMalassezia spp. were the predominant fungi in all subjects but with a decreased dominance in severe AD patients in favour of non‐Malassezia fungi, for example Candida spp. For bacteria, a decrease of Cutibacterium spp. in AD patients in favour of Staphylococcus spp., particularly S. aureus, was observed. Further, both bacterial and fungal community compositions of severe AD patients significantly differed from mild‐to‐moderate AD patients and HC with the latter two having overall similar microbiota showing some distinctions in bacterial communities.ConclusionsWe conclude that severe AD is associated with a pronounced dysbiosis of the microbiota with increased fungal diversity. Potentially infectious agents, for example Staphylococcus and Candida, were increased in severe AD.
Factors affecting the willingness of mental health staff to get vaccinated against COVID‐19
Authors: Dahan Sagit , Bloemhof‐Bris Esther , Weizman Shira , Pesah Moran , Gorno Nadav , Abu Shah Mustafa , Levi Galit , Shelef Assaf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRationale and ObjectiveAt the beginning of vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), information about the effects of the vaccine was not known and hesitancy was observed among the population. The mental health staff members in our center in Israel had to decide whether to get vaccinated or not. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in demographic characteristics of vaccinated and nonvaccinated mental health care workers (HCWs), and to identify their reasons for or against vaccination.MethodData on characteristics of 357 staff members at a mental health center (MHCS) in Israel and their attitudes regarding COVID‐19 vaccination, those who were nonvaccinated, were collected via anonymous questionnaires, from 1 January to 10 January 2021. The groups were then compared using χ2, Fisher's exact tests, t test or Mann–Whitney nonparametric test as appropriate. A logistic regression was then performed using the significant variables and odd ratios presented.ResultsEighty‐one per cent of the sample received at least the first dose of the vaccine. Results indicated differences in seniority (p < 0.001), profession (p < 0.001), department (p < 0.001), risk groups (p < 0.05), religion (p < 0.001), religiosity (p < 0.001), previous care for COVID‐19 patients (p < 0.05) and level of interaction with patients (p < 0.01), between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated staff. The factor that was found to be most influential regarding vaccination and which convinced those originally against the vaccine to become vaccinated was the level of scientific knowledge about the vaccine.ConclusionEfforts and resources should focus on the dissemination of reliable scientific data about the vaccine, to increase vaccination rates among mental HCWs.
Traumatic disclosures in the life stories of older Vietnam era veterans
Authors: Sager Zachary , Nathan Susan , Doherty Kelly , Pless Kaiser Anica , King Katherine D. , Topor David R. , Morrison Nicholas R. , Moye Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEliciting life stories is an important component of person‐centered care that may aid in understanding how an individual's unique background and narrative impacts their health. Such life stories, especially when gathered from older military Veterans, may include traumatic events, raising the urgency that clinicians be prepared to provide care that is trauma‐informed and ensure Veteran's experiences are acknowledged and treated effectively.MethodsWe examined the prevalence and type of potentially traumatic and/or adverse life events spontaneously shared by 231 older Veterans participating in a life story intervention while receiving care within the U.S. Veterans Health Administration system. Veteran life stories were extracted from the electronic medical record and deductive qualitative content analysis was used to code potentially traumatic or adverse life experiences based on a codebook adapted from the Brief Trauma Questionnaire and Adverse Childhood Experience questionnaire.ResultsA majority (71.0%) of Veterans described at least one traumatic disclosure in their life story. Among narratives with a disclosure of any type, more than half (53.0%) included descriptions of combat trauma, 21.5% noted a history of life‐threatening illness, and 9.5% reported having been in a serious accident. Fewer noted adverse childhood experiences (19.5%).ConclusionsElicitation of life stories among older Veterans may advance person‐centered care and life stories frequently include disclosure of potentially traumatic and/or adverse life events. These findings underscore the normative experience of traumatic events among older Veterans and highlight the importance of developing age‐sensitive trauma‐informed care competencies.
Financial Crises and Political Radicalization: How Failing Banks Paved Hitler's Path to Power
Authors: DOERR SEBASTIAN , GISSLER STEFAN , PEYDRÓ JOSÉ‐LUIS , VOTH HANS‐JOACHIM 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTDo financial crises radicalize voters? We study Germany's 1931 banking crisis, collecting new data on bank branches and firm‐bank connections. Exploiting cross‐sectional variation in precrisis exposure to the bank at the center of the crisis, we show that Nazi votes surged in locations more affected by its failure. Radicalization in response to the shock was exacerbated in cities with a history of anti‐Semitism. After the Nazis seized power, both pogroms and deportations were more frequent in places affected by the banking crisis. Our results suggest an important synergy between financial distress and cultural predispositions, with far‐reaching consequences.
White parents of adopted Black children in an era of racial reckoning: Challenges, tensions, and strategies
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , McCormick Nora , Kironde Emma , Virginia Haylie , Logan Maddie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores White middle‐class adoptive parents' experiences with parenting Black children (Mage = 12.3), attending to how intersections of children's race, gender, and developmental stage informed and nuanced parents' approach to racial socialization.BackgroundScholarly debate regarding the adoption of Black children by White parents centers on parents' ability to facilitate positive racial identity development. Limited work has explored how White parents' approach to racial socialization is shaped by Black children's gender and developmental stage, particularly as children grow older and encounter intensified racialized stereotypes.MethodTwenty‐five White parents (11 lesbian mothers, seven gay fathers, seven heterosexual mothers) were selected from a larger sample of 128 adoptive families because they adopted Black (including biracial/multiracial) children, and were interviewed as their children entered adolescence. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsA typology emerged that captured parents' racial awareness and racial socialization approach: Minimizing and Reluctant, Worried and Fumbling, Aware but Cautious, and Reflexive and Purposeful. Additional cross‐cutting themes centered on the role of the sociopolitical climate, gender, and developmental stage in racial socialization.ConclusionContemporary adoptive parents of Black children are often constrained by their own White racial frame, but some parents, especially those who are younger or have monoracial children, are able to translate awareness of the complexities involved in raising adopted Black children into meaningful action and understanding.
Limited utility of structural MRI to identify the epileptogenic zone in young children with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Nijman Maaike , Yang Edward , Jaimes Camilo , Prohl Anna K. , Sahin Mustafa , Krueger Darcy A. , Wu Joyce Y. , Northrup Hope , Stone Scellig S.D. , Madsen Joseph R. , Fallah Aria , Blount Jeffrey P. , Weiner Howard L. , Grayson Leslie , Bebin E. Martina , Porter Brenda E. , Warfield Simon K. , Prabhu Sanjay P. , Peters Jurriaan M. ,   the TACERN Study Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe success of epilepsy surgery in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) hinges on identification of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). We studied structural MRI markers of epileptogenic lesions in young children with TSC.MethodsWe included 26 children with TSC who underwent epilepsy surgery before the age of 3 years at five sites, with 12 months or more follow‐up. Two neuroradiologists, blinded to surgical outcome data, reviewed 10 candidate lesions on preoperative MRI for characteristics of the tuber (large affected area, calcification, cyst‐like properties) and of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) features (cortical malformation, gray‐white matter junction blurring, transmantle sign). They selected lesions suspect for the EZ based on structural MRI, and reselected after unblinding to seizure onset location on electroencephalography (EEG).ResultsNone of the tuber characteristics and FCD features were distinctive for the EZ, indicated by resected lesions in seizure‐free children. With structural MRI alone, the EZ was identified out of 10 lesions in 31%, and with addition of EEG data, this increased to 48%. However, rates of identification of resected lesions in non‐seizure‐free children were similar. Across 251 lesions, interrater agreement was moderate for large size (κ = .60), and fair (κ = .24) for all other features.ConclusionsIn young children with TSC, the utility of structural MRI features is limited in the identification of the epileptogenic tuber, but improves when combined with EEG data.
Campo del Cielo modeling and comparison with observations: I. Atmospheric entry of the iron meteoroid
Authors: Schmalen A. , Luther R. , Artemieva N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an attempt to reconstruct the Campo del Cielo (CdC) impact event, that is, to estimate the preatmospheric mass and velocity of the iron meteoroid and pre‐impact parameters of its fragments allowing formation of funnels and impact craters. The goal of this study is to improve the understanding of the effects small‐scale iron meteoroids can have on the Earth's surface. We model the meteoroid's atmospheric flight taking deceleration, ablation, and fragmentation into account, and then compare the results with available observations. We found that a fragment's velocity near the surface should be <1 km s−1 in order to form a funnel with an intact meteorite inside. The estimates of preatmospheric (at an altitude of 100 km) parameters of the CdC impact event are as follows: minimal mass of 7500–8500 t, which corresponds to a diameter range of 12.2–12.8 m; maximum entry angle above the atmosphere of ~16.5° and velocities of 14.5–18.4  km s−1, which is close to the one most frequently reached by Near‐Earth objects (NEOs). Near the surface, the largest fragments with a mass of 400–1500 t and velocities of 4–7 km s−1 form impact craters whereas fragments with a mass <31 t and velocities <1 km s−1 form funnels. Masses <3 t are not included in our simulations. Their total mass is 280–460 t at the point of disruption but <110 t on the Earth's surface. These numerous small fragments are dispersed over a large area and are very popular among meteorite hunters and dealers. In spite of all the observed crater location/size data and impactor velocity limits from the models, there are far more free parameters than constraints. As a result, any values for preatmospheric mass, velocity, and entry angle are merely representative or limitative as opposed to true values.
Sugar transporter TaSTP3 activation by TaWRKY19/61/82 enhances stripe rust susceptibility in wheat
Authors: Huai Baoyu , Yuan Pu , Ma Xiaoxuan , Zhang Xiurui , Jiang Lihua , Zheng Peijing , Yao Mohan , Chen Ziyu , Chen Liyang , Shen Qianhua , Kang Zhensheng , Liu Jie 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Sugar efflux from host plants is essential for pathogen survival and proliferation. Sugar transporter‐mediated redistribution of host sugar contributes to the outcomes of plant–pathogen interactions. However, few studies have focused on how sugar translocation is strategically manipulated during host colonization.

To elucidate this question, the wheat sugar transport protein (STP) TaSTP3 responding to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection was characterized for sugar transport properties in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its potential role during Pst infection by RNA interference and overexpression in wheat. In addition, the transcription factors regulating TaSTP3 expression were further determined.

The results showed that TaSTP3 is localized to the plasma membrane and functions as a sugar transporter of hexose and sucrose. TaSTP3 confers enhanced wheat susceptibility to Pst, and overexpression of TaSTP3 resulted in increased sucrose accumulation and transcriptional suppression of defense‐related genes. Furthermore, TaWRKY19, TaWRKY61 and TaWRKY82 were identified as positive transcriptional regulators of TaSTP3 expression.

Our findings reveal that the Pst‐induced sugar transporter TaSTP3 is transcriptionally activated by TaWRKY19/61/82 and facilitates wheat susceptibility to stripe rust possibly through elevated sucrose concentration, and suggest TaSTP3 as a strong target for engineering wheat resistance to stripe rust.
Fragariamitogenomes evolve rapidly in structure but slowly in sequence and incur frequent multinucleotide mutations mediated by microinversions
Authors: Fan Weishu , Liu Fang , Jia Qiaoya , Du Haiyuan , Chen Wu , Ruan Jiwei , Lei Jiajun , Li De‐Zhu , Mower Jeffrey P. , Zhu Andan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryPlant mitochondrial DNA has been described as evolving rapidly in structure but slowly in sequence. However, many of the noncoding portions of plant mitogenomes are not homologous among species, raising questions about the rate and spectrum of mutations in noncoding regions. Recent studies have suggested that the lack of homology in noncoding regions could be due to increased sequence divergence.We compared 30 kb of coding and 200 kb of noncoding DNA from 13 sequencedFragariamitogenomes, followed by analysis of the rate of sequence divergence, microinversion events and structural variations.Substitution rates in synonymous sites and nongenic sites are nearly identical, suggesting that the genome‐wide point mutation rate is generally consistent. A surprisingly high number of large multinucleotide substitutions were detected inFragariamitogenomes, which may have resulted from microinversion events and could affect phylogenetic signal and local rate estimates.Fragariamitogenomes preferentially accumulate deletions relative to insertions and substantial genomic arrangements, whereas mutation rates could positively associate with these sequence and structural changes among species.Together, these observations suggest that plant mitogenomes exhibit low point mutations genome‐wide but exceptionally high structural variations, and our results favour a gain‐and‐loss model for the rapid loss of homology among plant mitogenomes.
Gesture–vocal coupling in Karnatak music performance: A neuro–bodily distributed aesthetic entanglement
Authors: Pearson Lara , Pouw Wim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn many musical styles, vocalists manually gesture while they sing. Coupling between gesture kinematics and vocalization has been examined in speech contexts, but it is an open question how these couple in music making. We examine this in a corpus of South Indian, Karnatak vocal music that includes motion‐capture data. Through peak magnitude analysis (linear mixed regression) and continuous time‐series analyses (generalized additive modeling), we assessed whether vocal trajectories around peaks in vertical velocity, speed, or acceleration were coupling with changes in vocal acoustics (namely, F0 and amplitude). Kinematic coupling was stronger for F0 change versus amplitude, pointing to F0's musical significance. Acceleration was the most predictive for F0 change and had the most reliable magnitude coupling, showing a one‐third power relation. That acceleration, rather than other kinematics, is maximally predictive for vocalization is interesting because acceleration entails force transfers onto the body. As a theoretical contribution, we argue that gesturing in musical contexts should be understood in relation to the physical connections between gesturing and vocal production that are brought into harmony with the vocalists’ (enculturated) performance goals. Gesture–vocal coupling should, therefore, be viewed as a neuro–bodily distributed aesthetic entanglement.