bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fifth family of the true crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Ensifera: Grylloidea), Oecanthidae defin. nov.: phylogenetic relationships and divergence times
Authors: de Campos Lucas Denadai , de Souza Dias Pedro Guilherme Barrios , Audino Jorge Alves , Desutter-Grandcolas Laure , Nihei Silvio Shigueo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrickets are frequently used as a model in several areas of science, including acoustic communication, behaviour and neurobiology. However, only a few of these studies are placed in an evolutionary framework due to the limited number of phylogenetic hypotheses for true crickets. We present a phylogenetic hypothesis for a newly defined family of crickets, Oecanthidae defin. nov., sister-group of Gryllidae defin. nov. The phylogenetic analyses are based on molecular and morphological data under likelihood and parsimony criteria and molecular data for divergence-times estimation (Bayesian inference). We used 107 terminals from all biogeographic regions and six fossils for the time calibration of the tree. All analyses resulted in Oecanthidae with four subfamilies: Euscyrtinae, Oecanthinae defin. nov., Podoscirtinae defin. nov. and Tafaliscinae defin. nov. Based on our results, we revise the definition and internal classifications of the subfamilies, supertribes and tribes. A new tribe, Phyllogryllini trib. nov. is described. We also update their diagnoses, list the genera of the tribes and list their apomorphies. We provide an identification key for all suprageneric taxa of Oecanthidae, plus all genera of Tafaliscinae. Finally, we discuss the phylogenetic relationships of Oecanthidae, their divergence times, habitat diversity and the importance of ovipositor variation in this clade.
Cryptic and widespread: a recipe for taxonomic misidentification in a freshwater crab species (Decapoda: Potamonautidae:Potamonautes sidneyi) as evident from species delimitation methods
Authors: Daniels Savel R , Busschau Theo , Gullacksen Graeme , Marais Hannes , Gouws Gavin , Barnes Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examined the systematics of a ubiquitously distributed southern African freshwater crab, Potamonautes sidneyi s.l. species complex. Specimens were subjected to DNA sequence analyses of two mitochondrial loci (16S rRNA + COI). We applied three species delimitations methods (ASAP, bGMYC and bPTP) to test their utility in delineating species boundaries in Potamonautes and three additional Afrotropical genera (Liberonautes, Nesonautes and Seychellum). The combined mtDNA dataset retrieved five clades. Clade 1 comprised of P. barbarai, clade 2 comprised of specimens from the interior of the Great Karoo Basin, sister to P. sidneyi s.s. in clade 3. Clade 4 was confined to Eswatini and the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, and sister to clade 5 that comprised P. danielsi. The three species delimitation methods either over- or underestimated the number of species. Phylogenetically, specimens from the Great Karoo Basin (clade 2) were equidistant to P. sidneyi s.s. and P. perlatus, while the Eswatini and Mpumalanga specimens (clade 4) were sister to P. danielsi. Clades 2 and 4 are herein described as P. karooensis sp. nov. and P. valles sp. nov., respectively.
CE: HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era
Authors: Mangusan Ralph F. , Ekwede Irene , Widell Anaida 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT:
Kaposi sarcoma is a tumor caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, also known as human herpesvirus 8. Its occurrence is associated with an immunocompromised state. Kaposi sarcoma that occurs among people living with HIV (PLWH) is known as epidemic Kaposi sarcoma. Despite the decline in HIV-associated complications because of the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy two decades ago, Kaposi sarcoma continues to affect PLWH worldwide. It affects young African American men more than other age and racial groups and can result in multiorgan dysfunction, leading to short-term and chronic debilitating symptoms as well as death. While some patients with epidemic Kaposi sarcoma are managed as outpatients, others may require higher levels of care and their acuity may fluctuate throughout their life span. Therefore, nurses, regardless of their specialty, may experience caring for a patient with epidemic Kaposi sarcoma at some point in their career. Learning about this condition and the needs of patients who have it will help nurses provide effective care. Here, the authors describe Kaposi sarcoma in general as well as the epidemiology, characteristics, and management of epidemic Kaposi sarcoma. They also describe specific nursing considerations in the care of PLWH who have the disease.
Portibacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from the sediment on the surface of plastics and proposal of a novel genus Neolewinella gen. nov. based on the genome-based phylogeny of the family Lewinellaceae
Authors: Huang Zhaobin , Hong Qianling , Lai Qiliang , Zhang Qiufang 
Published: November 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterial strain designated 10MBP4-2-1T was isolated from the sediment on the surface of a plastic straw collected from oyster-farming areas in Quanzhou Bay, PR China. Catalase activity and oxidase activity were positive. Flexirubin-type pigment was absent. The 16S rRNA gene of strain 10MBP4-2-1T showed highest sequence similarity to

Portibacter lacus

YM8-076T of 98.3 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 120 conserved concatenated proteins indicated that strain 10MBP4-2-1T was affiliated to the genus

Portibacter

and formed a monophyletic clade with

P. lacus

YM8-076T. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values between strain 10MBP4-2-1T and

P. lacus

YM8-076T were estimated to be 17.7, 70.4 and 70.3 %, respectively. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7. The major fatty acid composition was iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c). The draft genome size was 5 191 941 bp with DNA G+C content of 39.2 %. Based on phylogenetic analyses and whole genomic comparisons, strain 10MBP4-2-1T represents a novel species, for which the name Portibacter marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10MBP4-2-1T (=MCCC 1K07073T=KCTC 92101T). Additionally, phylogeny and whole genomic comparison of the family

Lewinellaceae

placed

Lewinella cohaerens

and the remaining

Lewinella

(currently comprising 11 species) in two clearly distinguishable clades recognized at the genus level. Thus, a novel genus named Neolewinella gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the 11 species. Our study provides a taxonomic framework for the family

Lewinellaceae

based on genomic data.
The Laro Kwo Project: A train the trainer model combined with mobile health technology for Community Health Workers in Northern Uganda
Authors: Ebbs Daniel , Benson Oyoo , Jasicki Stanton , McCollum Sarah , Cappello Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommunity Health Workers (CHWs) in low and middle income countries (LMICs) provide invaluable health resources to their community members. Best practices for developing and sustaining CHW training programs in LMICs have yet to be defined using rigorous standards and measures of effectiveness. With the expansion of digital health to LMICs, few studies have evaluated the role of participatory methodologies combined with the use of mobile health (mHealth) for CHW training program development. We completed a three-year prospective observational study aligned with the development of a community-based participatory CHW training program in Northern Uganda. Twenty-five CHWs were initially trained using a community participatory training methodology combined with mHealth and a train-the-trainer model. Medical skill competency exams were evaluated after the initial training and annually thereafter to assess retention with use of mHealth. After three years, CHWs who advanced to trainer status redeveloped all program materials using a mHealth application and trained a new cohort of 25 CHWs. Implementation of this methodology coupled with longitudinal mHealth training demonstrated an improvement in medical skills over three years among the original cohort of CHWs. Further, we found that the train-the-trainer model with mHealth was highly effective, as the new cohort of 25 CHWs trained by the original CHWs exhibited higher scores when tested on medical skill competencies. The combination of mHealth and participatory methodologies can facilitate the sustainability of CHW training programs in LMIC. Further investigations should focus on comparing specific mHealth modalities for training and clinical outcomes using similar combined methodologies.
Validation of the international consensus group criteria for slide review following automated complete blood count at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia
Authors: Kiya Girum Tesfaye , Mamo Aklilu Getachew , Asaye Biya Sintayehu , Gobena Dejene Gebre , Demeke Natal , Shenkutie Tilahun Yemane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe international consensus group suggested criteria for action following automated complete blood count and white blood cell differential analysis. These criteria were set based on data from laboratories of developed countries. It is highly important to validate the criteria in developing countries where infectious diseases are still rampant that can affect blood cell count and morphology. Thus, this study was aimed to validate the consensus group criteria for slide review at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia from February 1 to May 30, 2020.MethodThe study comprised a total of 1685 patient samples from the daily laboratory workload of CBC analysis. The samples were collected in K2-EDTA tubes (Becton Dickinson) and analyzed using Coulter DxH 800 and Sysmex XT-1880 hematology analyzers. Slide review was done on two Wright-stained slides for each sample. All statistical analysis were performed using SPSS version 20 software.ResultThere were 39.8% positive findings, majority of which were related to red blood cells. The false negative and false positive rates for Sysmex and Coulter analyzer were 2.4% vs. 4.8%; and 4.6% vs. 4.7%, respectively. The false negative rate was unacceptably higher when we used physicians’ triggered slide review, which was 17.3% and 17.9% for Sysmex and Coulter analyzer, respectively.ConclusionGenerally, the consensus group rules are suitable to use in our setting. However, we might still need to modify the rules, particularly to reduce the review rates. It is also necessary to confirm the rules with case mixes proportionally derived from the source population.
Estimating the Global Target Market for Passive Chlorination
Authors: Cherukumilli Katya , Bain Robert , Chen Yiru , Pickering Amy J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeployment of passive (in-line) chlorinators, devices that disinfect water without electricity or daily user input, is one strategy to advance access to safely managed drinking water. Using the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) data, we first calculate the number of people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using drinking water sources that are either compatible (piped water, kiosks) or potentially compatible (packaged/delivered water, rainwater, tubewells, boreholes, protected springs) with passive chlorinators. Leveraging water quality data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), we estimate that 2.32 [95% CI: 2.19, 2.46] billion people in LMICs use microbially contaminated (with fecal indicator bacteria) drinking water sources that are compatible (1.51 [1.42, 1.60] billion) or potentially compatible (817 [776, 858] million) with passive chlorinators. The largest target market for passive chlorinators is in South Asia (551 [532, 571] million rural users and 401 [384, 417] million urban users), where over 77% of drinking water sources compatible with passive chlorinators are contaminated. However, self-reported household water treatment practices indicate that chlorination is more common in the African and Latin American regions, suggesting passive chlorination would have higher acceptance in these regions compared to Asia. Reaching the full target market will require establishing passive chlorinator compatibility with handpumps and protected springs and identifying financially viable implementation models.Abstract Figure
The Forgotten Hip Fracture: Outcomes Of Lower Limb Periprosthetic Fractures
Authors: Shrivastava Manu , Naruka Vinci , McDonnell Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is an increasing prevalence of primary hip fractures and peri-prosthetic hip and knee fractures. There is uncertainty about how best to manage peri-prosthetic fractures, and they do not attract the same financial incentives and management guidelines.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was performed at a large academic teaching hospital between October 2014 and September 2016. Seventy-three patients who sustained periprosthetic fractures of the hip and knee were identified. These were compared with outcomes for the hospital recorded on the National Hip Fracture Database.ResultsThere were difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups, with PPF patients having a younger age, lower frailty score and being more likely to be female. There were lower rates of pre-operative assessments for the PPF group. Given the differences in baseline characteristics, their post-operative scores could not be reliably statistically compared.DiscussionPatients with PPFs may have different characteristics and outcomes to patients presenting with primary hip and knee fractures. More work is needed to better characterise this patient group.Conclusionpatients sustaining periprosthetic fractures represent a distinct patient group to those with primary hip fractures.
KNOWLEDGE AND TREATMENT PRACTICES OF HEPATITIS B INFECTION IN CHILDREN AMONG HEALTH PRACTITIONERS IN KRACHI DISTRICTS IN GHANA-A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Mpangah Rebecca A. , Akyereko Ernest , Acheampong Gideon K. , Nyambah Patrick K. , Ansah-Nyarko Michael , Owusu Isaac , Sarfo Bismark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains one of the neglected infectious diseases. Children infected with HBV are at higher risk of becoming chronic carriers. Barriers to measures against HBV in children is attributed to inadequate knowledge by some health professionals. This study assessed knowledge and treatment practices of HBV in children among health professionals.MethodsA cross sectional survey was conducted among health practitioners (185) in three districts in Krachi using structured questionnaire. Stata version 15 was used to analyze participants’ responses on awareness, knowledge and treatment practices. Pearson’s Product Moment correlation was used to determine the relationship between knowledge, treatment and preventive practices. Multivariate regression analysis assessed the relationships between variables at p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval.Results64% of the participants were nurses. 80% were aware of HBV in children and 85% had only fair knowledge about HBV in children. Only 29% indicated good knowledge and management practices of HBV in children. There was a positive relationship between knowledge, and treatment (r (183) = .67, p < .001)and preventive (r (183) = .54, p < .001) practices. A unit increase in awareness of HBV in children leads to 1.42 units increase in knowledge(p < .01, 95% CI; .543, 2.296), while a unit increase in knowledge result in 1.3 units increase in treatment ((p < .01, 95% CI;.912, 1.680) practice of HBV in children.ConclusionParticipants demonstrated only fair knowledge about HBV in children. Seminars and workshops on HBV in children for health professionals must intensify.
The Interaction Effects of Age, APOE and Common Environmental Risk Factors on Human brain Structure
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Tengfei , Zhao Bingxin , Chen Hui , Yuan Changzheng , Gardern Gwenn A. , Wu Guorong , Zhu Hongtu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMounting evidence suggests considerable diversity in brain aging trajectories, primarily arising from the complex interplay between age, genetic and environmental risk factors, leading to distinct patterns of micro- and macro-cerebral aging. The underlying mechanisms of such effects still remain unclear. We conducted a comprehensive association analysis between cerebral structural measures and prevalent risk factors, using data from 35,035 UK Biobank subjects aged 44-82. Participants were assessed for brain volume, white matter diffusivity, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, polygenic risk scores, lifestyles and socioeconomic status. We examined genetic and environmental effects and their interactions with age and sex, and identified 726 signals, with education, alcohol, and smoking affecting most brain regions. Our analysis revealed negative age-APOE-ε4 and positive age-APOE-ε2 interaction effects, respectively, especially in females on the volume of amygdala, positive age-sex-APOE-ε4 interaction on the cerebellar volume, positive age-excessive-alcohol interaction effect on the mean diffusivity of the splenium of the corpus callosum, positive age-healthy-diet interaction effect on the paracentral volume, and negativeAPOE-ε4-moderate-alcohol interaction effects on the axial diffusivity of the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus. These findings highlight the need of considering age, sex, genetic and environmental joint effects in elucidating normal or abnormal brain aging.
Rho GTPase Activating Protein 15 (ARHGAP15) increases cancer risk in patients with diverticular disease
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients with diverticular disease who have colorectal histopathology, normal or abnormal, have increased risk of overall incident cancer. To determine whether the cancer risk might have a genetic basis, we performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) with data from UK Biobank.MethodsWe used PLINK 2, a whole-genome association analysis toolset, to analyze the UKB chromosome files. To identify cases, we used ICD10 code K57.3, diverticular disease of large intestine without perforation or abscess. We selected subjects younger than 45, since genetic forms of disease tend to manifest in younger patients.ResultsGWAS summary (Manhattan) plot of the meta-analysis association statistics, highlighting one susceptibility locus, Rho GTPase Activating Protein 15 (ARHGAP15), with genome wide significance for diverticulosis.ConclusionWe conclude that ARHGAP15 could be responsible for the association of diverticular disease and cancer.
Study the combination of brain MRI imaging and other datatypes to improve Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis
Authors: Stubblefield Jonathan , Kronberger Alan , Causey Jason , Qualls Jake , Fowler Jennifer , Zeng Kaiman , Walker Karl , Huang Xiuzhen ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and is the most common cause of dementia. Despite being a common disease, AD is poorly understood. Current medical treatments for AD are aimed at slowing the progression of the disease. So early detection of AD is important to intervene at an early stage of the disease. In recent years, by using machine learning predictive algorithms, assisted clinic diagnosis has received great attention due to its success of machine learning advances in the domains of computer vision. In this study, we have combined brain MRI imaging features and the features of other datatypes, and adopted various models, including XGBoost, logistic regression, and k-Nearest Neighbors, to improve AD diagnosis. We evaluated the models on the benchmark dataset of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Experiment results show that the logistic regression model is the top performer in terms of evaluation metrics of precision, recall, and F1-score. The prediction of the models could provide valuable information for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with suspected Alzheimer’s disease. The XGBoost model achieves a comparable performance and has the potential to serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for patients with suspected AD with its self-validation by rediscovering previously known associations with AD.
Between-Occupation Differences in Work-Related COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies over Time: Analysis of the Virus Watch Cohort in England and Wales
Authors: Beale Sarah , Yavlinsky Alexei , Hoskins Susan , Nguyen Vincent , Byrne Thomas , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Kovar Jana , Van Tongeren Martie , Aldridge Robert W , Hayward Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic mitigations have had a profound impact on workplaces, however, multisectoral comparison of how work-related mitigations were applied across different phases of the pandemic are limited. This study aimed to investigate occupational differences in the usage of key work-related mitigations over time, and to investigate workers’ perceptions of these mitigations.MethodsA survey covering the periods of late December 2020–February 2022 was developed and disseminated online to employed or self-employed participants in the Virus Watch study (n=6,279 respondents). Logistic regression was used to investigate occupation- and time-related differences in the usage of work-related mitigation methods. Responses regarding workers’ perceptions of mitigation methods were investigated descriptively using proportions.FindingsUsage of work-related mitigation methods differed between occupations and over time, likely reflecting variation in job roles, workplace environments, legislation and guidance. Healthcare workers had the highest predicted probabilities for several mitigations, including frequent hand and surface hygiene (up to 0.61 [0.56, 0.66]), wearing face coverings (up to 0.80 [0.76, 0.84]), and employers providing face coverings for workers (0.96 [0.94, 0.98]) and other people on worksites (0.90 [0.87, 0.93]). There was a cross-occupational trend towards reduced mitigations during periods of less stringent national restrictions. The majority of workers across occupations (55-88%) agreed that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile; agreement was lower for physical distancing (39-44%).InterpretationWhile usage of work-related mitigations appeared to vary alongside stringency of national restrictions, agreement that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile remained substantial. Further investigation into the factors underlying between-occupational differences could assist pandemic planning and prevention of workplace COVID-19 transmission.