bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and costs of helicopter-based shooting of deer
Authors: Bengsen Andrew J. , Forsyth David M. , Pople Anthony , Brennan Michael , Amos Matt , Leeson Mal , Cox Tarnya E. , Gray Bec , Orgill Ollie , Hampton Jordan O. , Crittle Troy , Haebich Kym 
Published: July 2022

Context Helicopter-based shooting has been widely used to harvest deer or control overabundant populations in Australasia, but the effectiveness and cost of this method as a deer control tool has seldom been evaluated. Aims We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of helicopter-based shooting of fallow deer (Dama dama) and chital deer (Axis axis) in eastern Australia by quantifying (1) reductions in density, (2) the relationship between numbers killed per hour and deer density (i.e. the functional response), (3) the costs of control and (4) the effort–outcome and cost–outcome relationships. Methods We evaluated the costs and effectiveness of 12 aerial shooting operations aiming to reduce fallow deer (n = 8) or chital deer (n = 4) population densities at nine sites in eastern Australia. Sites were characterised by fragmented woodland, and all but one operation aimed to reduce grazing competition with livestock. We used pre-control population density estimates and operational monitoring data to estimate the costs and outcomes of each operation. We combined data from all operations to estimate the relationship between shooting effort and population reduction, as well as costs associated with different levels of effort. Key results Population reductions for operations ranged from 5% to 75% for fallow deer, and from 48% to 88% for chital deer. The greatest population reductions occurred when effort per unit area was greatest, and the largest reductions in deer density occurred when shooting was conducted in consecutive years. The functional response of hourly kills to deer density was best described by a modified Ivlev model, with the asymptotic kill rate estimated to be 50 deer per hour. There was no support for the existence of a prey refuge, that is, a threshold population density below which no deer could be shot. Helicopter charter was the primary cost of helicopter-based shooting programs, followed by labour; firearm and ammunition costs were relatively minor. Conclusions Helicopter-based shooting can rapidly reduce deer populations over large geographic areas, but the magnitude of the reduction depends on the effort (hours of shooting) per deer per km2. Implications Aerial shooting operations should include a pre-control population survey so that (1) measurable objectives can be established, (2) the likely level of effort and cost required for objectives to be met can be estimated and planned for, and (3) the realised population reduction can be estimated.
Targetting metonymic targets
Authors: Brdar Mario , Brdar-Szabó Rita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this chapter we propose to treat metonymy as a cognitive operation of conceptual elaboration based on the part-whole relationship that is triggered by the use of an expression (or metonymic vehicle) associated with a certain conceptual cluster (or metonymic source) within a conceptual domain. The activation of the source conceptual cluster opens up a mental space which is dynamically expanded or reduced, in the sense of Ruiz de Mendoza (1999, 2000), so as to come as close as possible to fitting the conceptual givens provided by the co(n)text of use. By approaching metonymy in this manner we are able to explain in a very natural way a number of facts observed in recent research.
Embodied simulations and verbal irony comprehension
Authors: Colston Herbert L. , Sims Michelle , Pumphrey Maija , Kinney Eleanor , Evangelista Xina , Vandermolen-Pater Nathan , Feeny Graham Tomkins 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent research has addressed the role that embodied simulations (ESs) play in language processing (Bergen, 2012). One forefront in this work is investigating ESs’ role in metaphorical language comprehension, as when one hears or reads: “The Donald Trump supporter went bananas after the 2016 U.S. election”. The work reveals that the pattern of ESs found in metaphor processing resembles that of comparable non-metaphorical language – but isn’t exactly the same. Current work is attempting to discern how similar/different these ES patterns are. To date, however, little work has explored embodied simulations in verbal irony (e.g., sarcasm, as in saying, “Nice work” when someone errs). The current study reports preliminary results of an analysis of ES activity when people process verbal irony.
Metonymies of migration
Authors: Catalano Theresa , Waugh Linda R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This chapter uses critical discourse studies (CDS) combined with metonymy/metaphor analysis to explore the difference between metonymies used to talk about migration/migrants in media discourse and those used by migrants themselves. Findings reveal differences between the way metonymies (and metaphors motivated by them) are used by migrants as opposed to a variety of media sources (e.g. online newspapers, television reports) and what this reveals about migration. Furthermore, while migrants are impacted in various ways by discourse about them, they are still able to think and talk about themselves in positive, holistic, and varied ways. The authors conclude that critical metonymy/metaphor analysis allows for alternative ways of envisioning migration and globally mobile people.
The recognition of human voice in deaf and hearing infants
Authors: Coëz Arnaud , Loundon Natalie , Rouillon Isabelle , Parodi Marine , Blanchard Marion , Achard Sophie , Garabédian Eréa-Noël , Bizaguet Eric , Simon Tabassome , Tessier Natacha , Denoyelle Françoise , Gervain Judit 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
Deafness in infancy has longlasting consequences on brain organization. To achieve the best developmental outcomes in case of profound deafness, cochlear implantation (CI) needs to take place in a critical period during the first year of life, before the cross-modal reorganization of the brain due to auditory deprivation stabilises, preventing the typical development of the auditory cortices. Despite its importance for implantation outcomes, the nature of this critical period and the underlying neural reorganization have not been fully explored.

Materials and methods:
To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the cortical responses of 12-month-old profoundly deaf infants and their age-matched controls to sounds produced by a human voice as compared to non-human sounds using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The deaf infants were tested before undergoing CI surgery and wore hearing aids, allowing them to perceive low frequencies. Human voice stimuli have been shown to trigger brain responses early in development, possibly due to its evolutionary relevance for survival.

Results:
We found increased brain responses to the human voice in the deaf infants in the bilateral fronto-temporal areas, and their responses correlated with their residual hearing thresholds. These results suggest that even the limited sound stimulation that these deaf infants receive due to their residual hearing allowed the temporal cortices to develop sensitivity to the human voice prior to implantation. The hearing control group showed an inverted hemodynamic response to both voice and non-voice stimuli in the left parietal and right temporal areas, suggesting that by 12 months of age, they habituate rapidly to these very familiar stimuli. While both groups showed an inverted response to the non-voice stimuli, they differed in their responses to voice stimuli.

Conclusions:
We hypothesize that the responses found in deaf infants to human voice can be consider a good cochlear implant prognosis.
Oscillator strengths and cross sections of high Rydberg states in ammonia studied by fast electron scattering
Authors: Chen Jin-Feng , Wang Shu-Xing , Ma Kun , Zhu Lin-Fan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We report the experimental generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) for transitions from the ground state

X

~

A

1

′

1

to the Rydberg states

B

~

E

′
′

1

,

C

~

′

A

1

′

1

,

D

~

E

′

1

+

D

~

″

A

2

′
′

1

,

E

~

E

′

1

(

v

2

′

=
0
–
7

)

+

(

F

~

E

′

1

+

G

~

A

2

′
′

1

)

(

v

2

′

=
0
–
4

)

and an ‘undefined’ state

U

~

(

v

2

′

=
0
–
4

)

in ammonia. The experiment was performed using an angle-resolved electron energy loss spectrometer operated at an incident energy of 1500 eV and an energy resolution of about 80 meV. The experimental observation confirms the recent theoretically predicted appreciable vibrational effects on the GOS for the transition

B

~

E

′
′

1

←

X

~

A

1

′

1

(2021 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 54 135202). The measured GOS data are fitted with the Lassettre formula to determine the corresponding optical oscillator strengths for dipole-allowed transitions. Furthermore, the fitted curves enable the integrations of GOSs over the momentum transfer squares to obtain the Born excitation cross sections. The integral cross sections are scaled to an accurate scale by using the BE-scaling method. The data in this work can supplement the molecular database and deepen our understanding of the scattering mechanism.
Separation of aliasing signals from inductive oil debris monitors based on fully convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chen Siwei , Cao Nan , Zhang Weigong , Yu Bing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inductive oil debris monitors can detect wear debris in lubricating oil in real-time, which has great potential for monitoring the working conditions of mechanical systems. However, the superimposition of the induced voltages when multiple debris particles pass through a sensor at a close distance may lead to an erroneous estimation of the peak-to-peak value of the wear debris waveforms. A complete implementation framework is proposed to separate the aliasing signals based on fully convolutional neural networks, which includes a segmented fractional calculus filtering technique and a semi-simulated training dataset generation method. The results of physical experiments indicate that the proposed method can reduce the average error rate of the peak-to-peak value from 15.36% to 3.96% and the maximum error rate from 56.33% to 9.27% compared with those before separation. The stability and computing time of this method are also evaluated through physical experiments.
Doping Mn2+ in hybrid Ruddlesden–Popper phase of layered double perovskite (BA)4AgBiBr8
Authors: Yadav Priyesh , Khurana Swati , Sapra Sameer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The layered hybrid double perovskites emerged as excellent semiconductor materials owing to their environment compatibility and stability. However, these materials are weakly luminescent, and their photoluminescence (PL) properties can be modulated via doping. While Mn2+ doping in perovskites is well known, but to the best of our knowledge the doping of Mn2+ in layered double perovskites (LDPs) is yet to be explored. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the doping of Mn2+ in hybrid inorganic-organic two-dimensional (2D) LDPs, (BA)4AgBiBr8 (BA = n-butyl amine) via a simple solid-state mechanochemical route. The powder x-ray diffraction pattern, and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirm the successful incorporation of Mn2+ ions inside (BA)4AgBiBr8 lattice. The Mn2+ doped 2D LDP shows energy transfer from host excitons to d-electrons of Mn2+ ions, which results in red-shifted broad Mn2+ emission band centered at 625 nm, attributed to the spin-forbidden
4T1 to 6A1 internal transition. This work opens up new possibilities to dope metal ions in 2D LDPs to tune the optical as well as magnetic properties.
Cs4CuSb2Cl12−x
I
x
(x = 0–10) nanocrystals for visible light photodetection
Authors: Mandal Arnab , Mondal Anamika , Bhattacharyya Rachana , Bhattacharyya Sayan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lead-free layered double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with tunable visible range emission, high carrier mobility and low trap density are the need of the hour to make them applicable for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Introduction of Cu2+ in the high band gap Cs3Sb2Cl9 lattice transforms it to the monoclinic Cs4CuSb2Cl12 (CCSC) NCs having a direct band gap of 1.96 eV. The replacement of 50% Cl− by I− ions generates <5 nm Cs4CuSb2Cl6I6 (C6I6) monodispersed NCs with an unchanged crystal system but with further lowering of the band gap to 1.92 eV. The p-type C6I6 NCs exhibit emission spectra, lower trap density, appreciable hole mobility and most importantly a lower exciton binding energy of only 50.8 ± 1.3 meV. The temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the C6I6 NCs show a decrease in non-radiative recombination from 300 K down to 78 K. When applied as the photoactive layer in out-of-plane photodetector devices, C6I6 NC devices exhibit an appreciable responsivity of 0.67 A W−1 at 5 V, detectivity of 4.55 × 108 Jones (2.5 V), and fast photoresponse with rise and fall time of 126 and 94 ms, respectively. On the other hand, higher I- substitution in Cs4CuSb2Cl2I10 NCs (C2I10) degrades the lattice into a mixture of monoclinic and trigonal crystal phases, which also lowers the device performance.
Inhibition of electron refluxing in laser-gas interactions for enhanced positron generation
Authors: Zhang Z M , Wu Y C , Zhang X H , Yan Y H , Huang H , Meng L B , Qi W , Zhang B , He S K , Cui B , Hong W , Lu F , Yu M H , Zhou K N , Su J Q , Gu Y Q , Zhou W M , Zhu S P , Zhang B H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We report an experimental investigation of a laser-gas-converter approach for generating high-yield ultrashort MeV positrons. We observe that MeV electrons with a high charge of several tens of nC can be well generated by a

∼

6

J

,

∼

40

f
s

laser interacting with a high-density gas jet. However, it is shown that the propagation of the highly charged electron beam is significantly inhibited because the electrons are reflected by the sheath potential in the density decreasing region of the gas target, thus leading to a low positron yield. Consequently, by using an integrated nozzle-converter design to eliminate the density falling ramp of the gas target such that the electron refluxing is inhibited, we observe a significant enhancement of positron yield (up to a factor of 15), finally reaching a positron yield of

5
×

10

8

s
r

−
1

. This high-yield ultrashort MeV positron may have great potential toward the simulation of astrophysical pair plasma.
Coherence evolution of bipartite state under decoherent environment
Authors: Wu Tao , Liu Qiong , Shi Jiadong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We provide an analysis on the quantum coherence (QC) of a general two-qubit pure state interacting with a local decoherent environment. Our results show that the QC in the environment obeys a conservation relation, i.e. the coherence evolution is equal to the product of the coherence contained in the initial state and the environmental action on the maximum entangled state. This means that the coherence dynamics behaviors of the composite quantum-environment system can be observed by analyzing the environmental action. Moreover, within the Markovian environment, the QC damps monotonously, while it exhibits damped oscillations and suffers damped revivals within the non-Markovian environment. These phenomena of damped oscillations and revivals have been interpreted as memory effects of the non-Markovian environment.
Investigating the UV-excess in Star Clusters with N-body Simulations: Predictions for Future CSST Observations*
Authors: Pang Xiaoying , Shu Qi , Wang Long , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the origin of the UV-excess in star clusters by performing N-body simulations of six clusters with N = 10 k and N = 100 k (single stars & binary systems) and metallicities of Z = 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001, using petar. All models initially have a 50% primordial binary fraction. Using GalevNB we convert the simulated data into synthetic spectra and photometry for the China Space Station Telescope (CSST) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From the spectral energy distributions we identify three stellar populations that contribute to the UV-excess: (1) second asymptotic giant branch stars, which contribute to the UV flux at early times; (2) naked helium stars and (3) white dwarfs, which are long-term contributors to the FUV spectra. Binary stars consisting of a white dwarf and a main sequence star are cataclysmic variable (CV) candidates. The magnitude distribution of CV candidates is bimodal up to 2 Gyr. The bright CV population is particularly bright in FUV − NUV. The FUV − NUV color of our model clusters is 1–2 mag redder than the UV-excess globular clusters in M87 and in the Milky Way. This discrepancy may be induced by helium enrichment in observed clusters. Our simulations are based on simple stellar evolution; we do not include the effects of variations in helium and light elements or multiple stellar populations. A positive radial color gradient is present in CSST NUV − y for main sequence stars in all models with a color difference of 0.2–0.5 mag, up to 4 half-mass radii. The CSST NUV − g color correlates strongly with HST FUV − NUV for NUV − g > 1 mag, with the linear relation FUV − NUV =(1.09 ± 0.12) × (NUV − g) + (−1.01 ± 0.22). This allows for conversion of future CSST NUV − g colors into HST FUV − NUV colors, which are sensitive to UV-excess features. We find that CSST will be able to detect UV-excess in Galactic/extragalactic star clusters with ages >200 Myr.
Candidate primary reference measurement procedure for the amount-of-substance content of a complexing agent expressed as EDTA based on the coulometric titration with electrogenerated Hg ions
Authors: Jo Kyungmin , Hwang Euijin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The primary reference measurement procedure is a method to realize the definition of the quantity without relation to a reference standard of the same quantity. This paper presents a candidate primary reference measurement procedure for the measurement of the amount-of-substance of a complexing agent expressed as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) based on coulometric titration. Herein, mercury (Hg) was used as the anode because it does not undergo spontaneous oxidation. Furthermore, a 1:1 complex is formed between the electrogenerated Hg2+ ions and EDTA (in the form of Y4−). Although the electrochemical oxidation of Hg may generate Hg2
2+ ion, Hg2
2+ undergoes disproportionation in the presence of EDTA, thereby forming the desired Hg2+ species. The equivalence point occurs at the maximum of the derivative of the theoretical titration curve. As such, the measurement results were obtained by assuming that the maximum of the derivative of the experimental titration curve was the end point. The developed procedure was employed for the measurement of the amount-of-substance content of the complexing agent in EDTA reference material certified at the Slovak Institute of Metrology. The experimental measurements agreed well with the certified value for the reference material within the measurement uncertainty. The candidate procedure will be useful in certifying EDTA reference material and establishing international equivalence of amount content of the complexing agent.
Non-destructive testing of physical and mechanical properties of local zones in welded joints
Authors: Matyunin V M , Sliva A P , Marchenkov Yu A , Zhgut D A , Rodyakina R V , Karimbekov M A , Volkov P V , Demidov A N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The influence of the “saw-tooth” type electron beam sweep on the penetration shape during electron-beam welding of 30KhGSA high-strength steel with different welding modes was investigated. Using the instrumented indentation method, the distribution of Young’s modulus, as well as the characteristics of strength and plasticity in the welded joints cross-sections, was obtained. It has been found that in the weld metal there is a sharp increase in strength characteristics, while the plasticity ones are significantly reduced. The values of the Young’s modulus also varied over the cross-sections. The considerable decrease in this characteristic (up to 20%) was registered in the weld metal in comparison with the parent metal results.
A meshfree method for analysis of thermo-elastic problems with moving heat sources in welding
Authors: Saucedo-Zendejo F R , Cortes-Vargas A C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This manuscript presents the development and application of a meshfree procedure based on the finite pointset methods for thermo-elastic problems with moving heat sources, which are present in welding processes. The meshfree nature of this formulation gives the advantage of dealing with geometrical distortions and even fragmentations without the need of using computationally expensive remeshing approaches with a very simple implementation. A description of the implementation of this method and the solutions of some numerical examples are presented in order to show the potential of this formulation for dealing with thermoelasticity problems with moving heat sources and to introduce promising future fields of application.
A New Method to Reduce Near-Infrared Data of Palomar Observatory
Authors: Shao Fred 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompared to large optical spectral surveys, near infrared spectra is overwhelmingly outnumbered. Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the largest optical spectroscopic survey, has published about 5,789,200 optical spectra in its latest data release DR16, while no large scale near infrared spectra survey has been performed. Typical studies in near infrared are based on limited samples of a few tens to hundreds of near infrared spectra. TripleSpec is one of the workhorses near Infrared (NIR) spectrograph, mounted on the Palomar 200-inch telescope (P200). We have acquired more than 200 new quasar NIR spectra during the past years, compared to the largest sample ever compiled. During the reduction of our latest TripleSpec data, we found that the well accepted data reduction pipeline Spextool (citation: 835) completely ignored one of the five spectral orders (Order 7) of the raw data, probably due to its low throughput. Astronomical observations are always photons starving, we investigate the possibility of incorporation of the photons on Order 7 by developing a new data reduction pipeline. We test the new pipeline on our new quasar NIR data. Compared to the results from Spextool, 1. The pipeline is also featured by its full automaticity, 2. the wavelength coverage extended from 1-2.5 μm to 0.9-2.5 μm, revealing new features such as rest frame Pa ε, [S III] 9531, [C I] 9824, [C I] 9850, [S VIII] 9910, as well as redshifted spectral features for higher redshift targets. 3. The median signal to noise ratio for 0.9-1.1 μm have been elevated by a factor of 2. The pipeline could be easily generalized to accommodate other popular NIR instruments such as IRTF/SPEX, we plan to publish the pipeline and the 200 new quasar NIR spectra to the community. Keck/NIRSPEC.