bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained timber yield claims, considerations, and tradeoffs for selectively logged forests
Authors: Putz Francis E , Romero Claudia , Sist Plinio , Schwartz Gustavo , Thompson Ian , Roopsind Anand , Ruslandi  , Medjibe Vincent , Ellis Peter 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
What is meant by sustainability depends on what is sustained and at what level. Sustainable forest management, for example, requires maintenance of a variety of values not the least of which is sustained timber yields (STYs). For the 1 Bha of the world's forests subjected to selective or partial logging, failure to maintain yields can be hidden by regulatory requirements and questionable auditing practices such as increasing the number of commercial species with each harvest, reducing the minimum size at which trees can be harvested and accepting logs of lower quality. For assertions of STY to be credible, clarity is needed about all these issues, as well as about the associated ecological and economic tradeoffs. Lack of clarity about sustainability heightens risks of unsubstantiated claims and unseen losses. STY is possible but often requires cutting cycles that are longer and logging intensities that are lower than prescribed by law, as well as effective use of low-impact logging practices and application of silvicultural treatments to promote timber stock recovery. These departures from business-as-usual practices will lower profit margins but generally benefit biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Photoinduced isomerization sampling of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin
Authors: Ren Zhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Photoisomerization of retinoids inside a confined protein pocket represents a critical chemical event in many important biological processes from animal vision, nonvisual light effects, to bacterial light sensing and harvesting. Light-driven proton pumping in bacteriorhodopsin entails exquisite electronic and conformational reconfigurations during its photocycle. However, it has been a major challenge to delineate transient molecular events preceding and following the photoisomerization of the retinal from noisy electron density maps when varying populations of intermediates coexist and evolve as a function of time. Here, I report several distinct early photoproducts deconvoluted from the recently observed mixtures in time-resolved serial crystallography. This deconvolution substantially improves the quality of the electron density maps, hence demonstrates that the all-trans retinal undergoes extensive isomerization sampling before it proceeds to the productive 13-cis configuration. Upon light absorption, the chromophore attempts to perform trans-to-cis isomerization at every double bond together with the stalled anti-to-syn rotations at multiple single bonds along its polyene chain. Such isomerization sampling pushes all seven transmembrane helices to bend outward, resulting in a transient expansion of the retinal binding pocket, and later, a contraction due to recoiling. These ultrafast responses observed at the atomic resolution support that the productive photoreaction in bacteriorhodopsin is initiated by light-induced charge separation in the prosthetic chromophore yet governed by stereoselectivity of its protein pocket. The method of a numerical resolution of concurrent events from mixed observations is also generally applicable.
A potent tumor-selective ERK pathway inactivator with high therapeutic index
Authors: Zuo Zehua , Liu Jie , Sun Zhihao , Silverstein Rachel , Zou Meijuan , Finkel Toren , Bugge Thomas H , Leppla Stephen H , Liu Shihui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
FDA-approved BRAF and MEK small molecule inhibitors have demonstrated some level of efficacy in patients with metastatic melanomas. However, these “targeted” therapeutics have a very low therapeutic index, since these agents affect normal cells, causing undesirable, even fatal, side effects. To address these significant drawbacks, here, we have reengineered the anthrax toxin-based protein delivery system to develop a potent, tumor-selective MEK inactivator. This toxin-based MEK inactivator exhibits potent activity against a wide range of solid tumors, with the highest activity seen when directed toward tumors containing the BRAFV600E mutation. We demonstrate that this reengineered MEK inactivator also exhibits an extremely high therapeutic index (&gt;15), due to its in vitro and in vivo activity being strictly dependent on the expression of multiple tumor-associated factors including tumor-associated proteases matrix metalloproteinase, urokinase plasminogen activator, and anthrax toxin receptor capillary morphogenesis protein-2. Furthermore, we have improved the specificity of this MEK inactivator, restricting its enzymatic activity to only target the ERK pathway, thereby greatly diminishing off-target toxicity. Together, these data suggest that engineered bacterial toxins can be modified to have significant in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects with high therapeutic index.
“The State is Coming”: The Emotional Content of State Formation through a Colombian Coca Substitution Program
Authors: Diamond Alex 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
How do states achieve popular recognition and symbolic power as “The State,” a collectively recognized entity that serves the common good? While classic work has described the state idea as produced by the actions of state officials, it is ultimately ordinary citizens who must recognize the state as such and consent to its rule. This article, based on 20 months of ethnographic research in a village that, after decades of armed group control, is a key site for the implementation of Colombia’s landmark peace deal, describes how the formation of the state’s symbolic power occurs (or not) through local emotions. I focus on a coca substitution program that has both stoked pre-existing local desires for the promise of the state as carrier of peace and progress and that has, largely because of its outsourcing to different contractors, failed to live up to its commitments, causing economic collapse and generating feelings of betrayal, mistrust, confusion, and impotence. I show how local feelings respond to the regional transformation state formation has caused, popular representations of the state, and their direct interactions with substitution program officials, including non-state actors. I argue that more than simply byproducts of state formation, these emotions are constitutive of the local imaginations of “The State” that are key to the state’s development of symbolic power. It is in the realm of everyday life and emotions, the interplay between local desires for state presence and the frustrations generated by their actual encounters with state power, that state rule is achieved—or not.
Aetiological Profile and Short-Term Neurological Outcome of Haemorrhagic Stroke in Children
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Suthar Renu , Dhawan Sumeet R , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Bhatia Prateek , Baranwal Arun Kumar , Sankhyan Naveen 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Haemorrhagic stroke (HS) accounts for nearly half of the paediatric strokes. The aetiology of HS in childhood is not well defined in the Indian context.

Objectives
To study the aetiological profile and short-term neurological outcome of children with HS from North India.

Methods
In a prospective observational study, consecutive patients &gt;28 days to &lt;12 years of age admitted with a diagnosis of HS were enrolled. Demography, clinical, radiological details and investigations were recorded. Short-term outcomes were assessed at three months follow-up with the Paediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale and Paediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM).

Results
A total of 48 children with HS were enrolled. The median age was 6 months (1–58 months), and 33 (69%) were &lt;2 years old. Vitamin K deficiency-related bleeding disorder (VKDB, 44%), central nervous system infections (19%), arteriovenous malformations (13%) and inherited coagulation disorders (8%) were the most common risk factors for HS. VKDB and inherited coagulation disorders were more frequent in children &lt;2 years of age, and arteriovenous malformations were more frequent in children &gt;2 years of age (p = 0.001). During hospitalization, 21 (44%) children died. Older age, low Glasgow coma score (&lt;8) at admission and paediatric intracerebral haemorrhage score ≥2 were associated with mortality at discharge (p = &lt;0.05). Among survivors, 15 (56%) children had neurological deficits (PSOM &gt;0.5) at three month follow-up.

Conclusion
VKDB, inherited coagulation disorders, central nervous system infections and arteriovenous malformations were the most common risk factors for HS. VKDB is the single most important preventable risk factor for HS in infants.
Comparing Effect of Adding Ketamine Versus Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine in Pecs-ⅠⅠ Block on Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery
Authors: Hefni Amira F. , Eldeek Abeer M. , Ismael Shereen A. , Shaban Ahmed R. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Pectoralis and serratus plane blocks (Pecs-II block) has successfully demonstrated a good quality of perioperative analgesia for breast surgery.

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the quality of postoperative pain control when adding either ketamine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine 0.25% for Pecs-II block.

Methods:
This prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted on 159 female patients with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status class I–III scheduled to have modified radical mastectomy. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Each group included 53 patients to receive ultrasound guided Pecs-II blocks with either 32 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine added to ketamine hydrochloride 1 mg/kg (BK group), 32 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine added to dexmedetomidine 1 ug/kg (BD group) or 32 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine only (B group).
The primary outcome was the total postoperative morphine consumption for the first 24 hours postoperatively. The time of the first request of analgesia, the pain scores at rest of ipsilateral arm, and the intraoperative fentanyl requirements, were the secondary outcome measures. Any side effects occurred were recorded.

Results:
The total postoperative morphine consumption was significantly lower in patients received bupivacaine with addition of either ketamine (BK group), (10.3±2.6 mg), or dexmedetomidine (BD group), (3.8±0.2 mg) respectively, versus patients received only bupivacaine (B group), (16.9±5.3 mg). Both ketamine (BK group) and dexmedetomidine (BD group) added to bupivacaine significantly prolonged the time to first analgesic request (16.7±4.5 h), (21.6±1.6 h) in both groups respectively compared with patients received bupivacaine alone (B group) (11.5±1.2 h).
The pain score was variable between the 3 groups during the first 24 hours postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences in perioperative hemodynamics, O2 saturation, sedation scores, or side effects observed between the 3 groups. Patient satisfaction was reported to be the best in patients received dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine compared to the patients who received ketamine as an additive or those who received bupivacaine alone.

Conclusion:
Adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine provides more effective postoperative pain control than adding ketamine during Pecs-II blocks for breast cancer surgery.
Clinical Factors Affecting the Recovery of Sensory Impairment After Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Peng Maohan , Wu Bangqi , Wang Xuhui , Ding Yi , Li Yibing , Cheng Xinyue 
Published: July 2022

Background:
About 75% of patients with cerebral infarction suffer from sensory impairment in varying degrees. It prolongs the time for patients to resume normal life and work. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the clinical characteristics affecting the recovery of sensory impairment.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective case-control study. Data of inpatients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were investigated. We collected information on the patients with sensory disturbances after cerebral infarction. Cases were defined according to whether the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores improved. A total of 1078 inpatients from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, were screened. Among those, 187 cases included in this study were divided into no improvement and improvement groups. We compared the clinical characteristics affecting the rehabilitation of these patients.

Results:
The number of patients aged between 63 and 73 years in the no improvement group were significantly higher (P<0.05). The incidence of coronary heart disease and thalamus infarction was significantly higher in patients in the no improvement cohort (P<0.05). Furthermore, coronary heart disease [odds ratio=0.466, 95% confidence interval (0.252, 0.863), P=0.015] and thalamic infarction [odds ratio=0.457, 95% confidence interval (0.230, 0.908), P=0.025] were the independent risk factors against the recovery of sensory disturbance after cerebral infarction.

Conclusions:
Patients with thalamus infarction and coronary heart disease may be more inclined to recover poorly from somatosensory deficits.
Physicochemical stability of pemetrexed diarginine at 25 mg/mL in partially-used vials and at 3 and 12 mg/mL diluted in dextrose 5% or in sodium chloride 0.9% in polyolefin bags
Authors: Nisse Yann-Eric , Sobalak Nathalie , Vigneron Jean , Demore Béatrice 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
A new pemetrexed salt, pemetrexed diarginine (PDA), was marketed by Mylan company. The product is a ready-to-dilute 25 mg/mL solution. The manufacturer indicates a 24-hour stability after dilution in dextrose 5% (D5W).
The objectives were to study the stability of: PDA in D5W and 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) polyolefin bags at 3 and 12 mg/mL protected from light (PFL) between 2 to 8°C and at 25°C, and not PFL at room temperature; PDA vials at 25 mg/mL partially used perforated with a plastic spike PFL between 2 to 8°C and at 25°C and not PFL at room temperature.

Methods:
The stability study was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector. The method was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation guideline Q2(R1). Physical stability was evaluated by visual and subvisual inspection. pH values were measured.

Results:
PDA solutions PFL in D5W and in 0.9% NaCl at 3 and 12 mg/mL retained more than 95% of the initial concentration after 7 days at 25°C and after 28 days at 2 to 8°C. PDA ready-to-dilute 25 mg/mL solutions PFL retained more than 95% of the initial concentration after 28 days at 25°C and 2 to 8°C. PDA solutions in D5W and in 0.9% NaCl at 3 mg/mL and 12 mg/mL and PDA ready-to-dilute 25 mg/mL solutions not PFL retained more than 95% of the initial concentration after 7 days at room temperature. All samples had a pH in the range of 8.05 to 8.77. A light colouration, described in SPC, to an intense yellow-brown colouration, appeared depending on concentration and time. No precipitate was observed.

Conclusion:
According to the manufacturer's specifications and to the chemical stability defined as more than 95% of the initial concentration, PDA solutions in D5W and in 0.9% NaCl at 3 and 12 mg/mL and PDA ready-to-dilute 25 mg/mL solutions PFL at 25°C and not PFL at room temperature were stable for 7 days and for 28 days at 2 to 8°C. The absence of a color change as an acceptance criterion for the 25 mg/mL ready-to-dilute solution perforated with a plastic spike leads to a stability of 7 days at 2 to 8°C and 4 days at room temperature allowing the use of the vial for a preparation in advance with an optimal stability.
Social robots in pediatric oncology: opinions of health care providers
Authors: van Bindsbergen Kelly L.A. , van Gorp Marloes , Thomassen Brigitte W. , Merks Johannes H.M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
We aimed to describe the opinions of health care providers in pediatric oncology regarding social robots and to examine differences in their opinions based on their background characteristics.

Methods:
Health care providers working in pediatric oncology care were approached globally to participate online in a cross-sectional questionnaire study with multiple choice and open-ended questions. Open-ended questions were coded and collapsed into categories by two researchers independently. Frequencies were used to describe the answers. Differences in opinions were studied using logistic regression analyses.

Results:
Health care providers’ (n = 286) first thoughts about social robots were mostly positive (81.0%). They saw value in social robots (83.6%), mostly during hospitalization or procedures and when used for distraction. They were willing to use one (67.8%), but also expected difficulties (67.1%), mainly concerning technical errors. Psychosocial staff members less often saw value in social robots, more often expected difficulties and were less willing to use a social robot than other health care providers (Ps < .05). No other differences were found.

Conclusions:
Social robots may be a promising addition to pediatric oncology care, since health care providers were generally positive about this innovation. However, psychosocial staff members seemed more reluctant. Important potential barriers were defined that should be addressed upon implementation.
Adverse Events in Infants Less Than 6 Months of Age After Ambulatory Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging Requiring Anesthesia
Authors: Uffman Joshua C. , Kim Stephani S. , Quan Loan N. , Shelton Thomas , Beltran Ralph J. , Jatana Kris R. , Chiang Tendy , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
AAP guidelines recommend infants less than 6 months of age are monitored for at least 2 hours following surgery. This retrospective study evaluated if adherence to the 2-hour monitoring guideline decreased the risk of adverse events associated with ambulatory procedures in infants younger than 6 months.

Methods:
We queried the hospital’s electronic medical record to identify patients younger than 6 months of age who received anesthetic care from January 2015 to March 2020. Demographic data, intraoperative adverse events, and returns to the emergency department (ED) or urgent care within 7 days were captured for each patient. We calculated the number and frequency for categorical data and median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous data. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare patients who experienced an adverse event to those that did not.

Results:
One thousand one hundred seventy-seven patients who had 1,261 unique anesthetic encounters were analyzed. Forty-four adverse events were identified, 20 (1.6%) before discharge, including 3 unplanned admissions, and 24 (1.9%) returns to the ED/UC within 7 days postoperatively. We did not observe differences in postoperative recovery time in patients who experienced an adverse event and those who did not (88 min vs. 77 min, respectively, P = 0.078). None of the ED/UC returns would have been avoided by a longer PACU stay.

Conclusions:
With the appropriate patient selection, once physiological discharge readiness is met, adherence to a strict 2-hour time-based discharge criteria does not increase safety for infants younger than 6 months of age after ambulatory procedures.
Attitudes and behaviors toward using outcome measures in clinical practice: Findings of a blended education program
Authors: Rapaport Malena Sofia , Negri Cara , Pousett Brittany Mae , Mathis Shannon 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Outcome measures (OMs) are important in healthcare, but there are barriers to their use. A blended education program was designed to teach orthotic and prosthetic professionals a standard practice of collecting and using OMs in their facility. This study used a single group pretest and post-test mixed methods survey to evaluate the effects of a blended education program for orthotic and prosthetic professionals to incorporate OMs into routine clinical practice.

Methods:
Fifteen learners (seven practitioners, four technicians, and four administrative staff) completed online education and in-person training. Learners’ attitudes toward knowledge of confidence administering and rate of adoption of OMs into clinical practice were assessed before the start of the program, immediately upon completion, and four months after completion. Performance indicators were accessed through electronic medical records (EMRs).

Results:
Participants' attitudes toward OMs were overwhelmingly positive and remained positive (P = .64). Practitioners’ posteducation knowledge scores on the standardized use of OMs increased significantly (P = .046) as did their confidence administering OMs (F = 8.47, P = .007). Practitioners’ reported using OMs significantly more 4 months after the program (F = 19.7, P < .001), and they doubled the number of times OMs were collected each month resulting in a 3000% increase and a 500 data points recorded in the electronic medical record at the end of the 4 months.

Conclusions:
This education program had a significant and positive lasting impact on practitioners’ knowledge of confidence and use of OMs demonstrating an overall change in everyday clinical practice and clinic operations.
Deep Learning-Enhanced Parallel Imaging and Simultaneous Multislice Acceleration Reconstruction in Knee MRI
Authors: Kim MinWoo , Lee Sang-Min , Park Chankue , Lee Dongeon , Kim Kang Soo , Jeong Hee Seok , Kim Shinyoung , Choi Min-Hyeok , Nickel Dominik 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to examine various combinations of parallel imaging (PI) and simultaneous multislice (SMS) acceleration imaging using deep learning (DL)-enhanced and conventional reconstruction. The study also aimed at comparing the diagnostic performance of the various combinations in internal knee derangement and provided a quantitative evaluation of image sharpness and noise using edge rise distance (ERD) and noise power (NP), respectively.

Materials and Methods
The data from adult patients who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging using various DL-enhanced acquisitions between June 2021 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The participants underwent conventional 2-fold PI and DL protocols with 4- to 8-fold acceleration imaging (P2S2 [2-fold PI with 2-fold SMS], P3S2, and P4S2). Three readers evaluated the internal knee derangement and the overall image quality. The diagnostic performance was calculated using consensus reading as a standard reference, and we conducted comparative evaluations. We calculated the ERD and NP for quantitative evaluations of image sharpness and noise, respectively. Interreader and intermethod agreements were calculated using Fleiss κ.

Results
A total of 33 patients (mean age, 49 ± 19 years; 20 women) were included in this study. The diagnostic performance for internal knee derangement and the overall image quality were similar among the evaluated protocols. The NP values were significantly lower using the DL protocols than with conventional imaging (P < 0.001), whereas the ERD values were similar among these methods (P > 0.12). Interreader and intermethod agreements were moderate-to-excellent (κ = 0.574–0.838) and good-to-excellent (κ = 0.755–1.000), respectively. In addition, the mean acquisition time was reduced by 47% when using DL with P2S2, by 62% with P3S2, and by 71% with P4S2, compared with conventional P2 imaging (2 minutes and 55 seconds).

Conclusions
The combined use of DL-enhanced 8-fold acceleration imaging (4-fold PI with 2-fold SMS) showed comparable performance with conventional 2-fold PI for the evaluation of internal knee derangement, with a 71% reduction in acquisition time.