bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Crustal Temperature and Depth of Seismogenic Layer Estimated from the Inland Earthquakes along the Sea of Japan Beneath Japanese Islands
Authors: Yano Tomoko Elizabeth , Matsubara Makoto , Matsumoto Takumi , Ishiyama Tatsuya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We found the depth of the seismogenic layer based on D95, the cut-off depth at which 95% of the earthquakes occurred, from the event catalog before the mainshock of five major earthquakes, such as the 2003 Northern Miyagi, the 2004 Chuetsu, the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi, the 2016 Kumamoto, and the 2016 central Tottori earthquakes. Our results show that the main event depth, aftershock distribution, and main slip area are confined above the base of the seismogenic zone. A simple modelling of the geothermal gradient based on surface heat flow shows that the temperature at the base of the seismogenic zone is constrained to a range of 250-450 ºC. We confirmed that mainshock depths for five cases nucleated at the deepest portion of the seismogenic layer, and large rupture areas occurred within the seismogenic layer. Some aftershock streaks of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake occurred at 5 km deeper than the bottom of seismogenic depth.
Clinical and Humanistic Impact of Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-Up in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Treated Judicially
Authors: Mendonça Thays Santos , Oliveira William Neves , Belo Vinícius Silva , Silva Eduardo Sérgio , Pereira Mariana Linhares , Obreli-Neto Paulo Roque , Baldoni André Oliveira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of studies that assess the effectiveness of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in the context of the judicialization of insulin analogues. Aims: To evaluate the clinical and humanistic impact of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who receive insulin analogues by judicial decision in a Brazilian municipality. Methods: A quasi-experimental study of the before-and-after type was carried out through pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. Patients who accepted to participate in the study underwent laboratory tests of glycemic and lipid profile before and after the intervention, and underwent five pharmaceutical consultations. In addition, quality of life and health, knowledge, and skills related to insulin application techniques were analyzed. Results: 28 patients participated in all stages. Of these, most were female (53.6 %), with a mean age of 32.8 ± 11.6 years. After the intervention, there was a reduction in blood glucose levels, blood pressure and increased body mass index. In addition, there was greater knowledge and skills regarding insulin application techniques, improved quality of life, health, greater number of medications used, reduction of pharmacotherapeutic problems and improvement in eating habits. Conclusion: The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up promoted clinical and humanistic benefits, with improvement in quality of life and health.
Novel Association of Lyme Disease, Age, and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Lee Brandon T , Galloway Sarah , Strausz Satu , Hansen Paige , Torrez-Dulgeroff Laughing Bear , Blacker Grace , Yiu Ying Ying , Mansfield Paul , Affiliation FinnGen , Saleem Atif , Gars Eric , Sanders Erin , Weissman Irving L , Ollila Hanna , Tal Michal Caspi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial spirochete that can cause Lyme disease after infecting a susceptible host. Immune responses to the bacteria are highly variable and host specific. The murine substrain, C3H/HeJ, is one of the most frequently utilized mouse models for Lyme disease. In this study, we sought to investigate the correlation of age with onset and severity of dermatitis, both in C3H/HeJ mice infected with B. burgdorferi as well as humans who have had a diagnosis of Lyme disease.
Methods
Female C3H/HeJ mice aged 6-8 weeks, 1 year, or 2 years were infected intraperitoneally with 105 B. burgdorferi. Dermatitis of the tail was evaluated by gross examination and histology. Human data via electronic health records of 342,499 Finnish individuals was tested and analyzed for associations between Lyme disease and atopic dermatitis.
Results
Dermatitis worsened over the course of untreated infection, with ulceration, hemorrhaging, flaking, hair loss, and dark lesions as well as spongiosis and acanthosis. These features of dermatitis were present in infected mice after 1 year of age. This relationship among Lyme disease, atopic dermatitis, and host age seen in the C3H/HeJ mouse model is consistent with a large pool (342,499) of human epidemiological data from Finland. We identified 5,248 individuals with Lyme disease and 17,233 with atopic dermatitis in FinnGen. Retrospective analysis shows Lyme disease is associated with atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.91 [1.68 -2.37], P < 2e−16). More visits due to Lyme disease complications (3 or more visits versus 1 visit) were associated with atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.19 [1.35-3.55], P = 0.0014) and risk of developing atopic dermatitis over time (HR=2.26 [1.54-3.95], P = 0.0017).
Conclusion
Data from mice and humans reveal a novel relationship among Lyme disease, age, and atopic dermatitis. Through defined pathological scoring, we demonstrate the onset of murine atopic dermatitis with B. burgdorferi infection, which is further exacerbated by host age at time of infection. In humans, a diagnosis of Lyme disease in FinnGen was associated with atopic dermatitis and further research is warranted to establish causation.
β-Elemene prevented cisplatin resistance of small cell lung cancer cell H446 by regulating MiR-199a-5p-mediated autophagy
Authors: Li Honglin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a clinical dilemma in chemotherapy. A natural compound, β-elemene has been found to inhibit MDR cancers. We hypothesized that β-elemene regulated cisplatin-resistant SCLC by targeting autophagy-related miR-199a-5p. Methods We assessed the IC50 of multiple chemotherapeutic agents toward SCLC cells H446 and MDR SCLC cells H446/EP with or without β-elemene using CCK-8. We overexpressed (OE) and knocked down (KD) miR-199a-5p in H446 and H446/EP and determined the expression of miR-199a-5p, autophagy-related proteins, and the formation of autophagolysosomes using QPCR, western blotting, and MDC staining respectively. We validate the binding of miR-199a-5p to p62 using the Dual-Luciferase assay. Results β-Elemene decreased drug resistance of H446 to cisplatin, etoposide, paclitexal, epirubicin, irinotecan, and vinorelbine. Cisplatin increased LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes in H446 cells, but not in H446/EP cells, and these effects were blocked by β-elemene. The OE of miR-199a-5p reduced cisplatin-induced increase of LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes while the KD of miR-199a-5p did the opposite. the OE of miR-199a-5p reduced the luciferase signal of wild-type p62, but not that of p62 with mutations at the predicted binding site. The effect of β-elemene on cisplatin-induced autophagy was validated in OE-H446 and KD-H446/EP. Conclusions β-Elemene prevented MDR in H446 and it prevents cisplatin resistance of H446 by targeting the autophagy regulation of miR-199a-5p.
The Swarm Langmuir Probe Ion Drift, Density and Effective Mass (SLIDEM) Product
Authors: Pakhotin Ivan , Burchill J. K. , Förster M. , Lomidze L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Current methods for estimating ion density on Swarm rely on the assumption of 100% O+ and no along-track ion velocity flows. These assumptions are routinely violated, particularly on the nightside and during high-latitude and polar cap traversals, compromising the accuracy of the measurements. The use of faceplate current data along with the Langmuir probe ion admittance measurements, and orbital-motion limited (OML) theory, make it possible to relax some of the assumptions inherent in current ESA Swarm density estimates. This further yields along-track ion drift and effective ion mass estimates. This paper describes the theoretical basis for estimating revised ion density, providing a new estimate for effective ion mass, as well as an alternative way of estimating along-track ion drift. The complete Swarm historical dataset has been generated and validated using empirical models (International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2016), and Weimer (2005)), as well as ground-spacecraft conjunctions. Case studies and statistical results reveal clear geophysical signatures in the new product of light ions at low- and mid-latitudes and along-track ion drift at high latitudes, and their response to space weather.
Key Modulators of the Stress Granule Response TIA1, TDP-43, and G3BP1 are Altered by Polyglutamine Expanded ATXN7
Authors: Niss Frida , Piñero-Paez Laura , Zaidi Wajiha , Hallberg Einar , Ström Anna-Lena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type ATXN7 (SCA7) and other polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are caused by expansions of polyQ repeats in disease specific proteins. Aggregation of the polyQ proteins resulting in various forms of cellular stress, that could induce the stress granule (SG) response, is believed to be a common pathological mechanism in these disorders. SGs can contribute to cell survival, but have also been suggested to exacerbate disease pathology by seeding protein aggregation. In this study, we show that two SG related proteins, TDP-43 and TIA1, are sequestered into the aggregates formed by polyQ expanded ATXN7 in SCA7 cells. Interestingly, mutant ATXN7 also localises to induced SGs and this association altered the shape of the SGs. In spite of this, neither the ability to induce nor disassemble SGs, in response to arsenite stress induction or relief, was affected in SCA7 cells. Moreover, we could only detect a small, non-significant, increase in ATXN7 aggregation following SG induction. However, mutant ATXN7 expression in itself increased the speckling of the SG nucleating protein G3BP1 and the SG response. Taken together, our results indicate that the SG response is induced, and although some key modulators of SGs show altered behaviour, the dynamics appear normal in the presence of mutant ATXN7.
Photo-electrochemical reduction of CO2 to Methanol on Quaternary chalcogenide loaded Graphene-TiO2 ternary nanocomposite fabricated via Pechini method
Authors: Otgonbayar Zambaga , Oh Won-Chun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nano-sized catalysts have been widely studied for CO2 reduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Herein, we study the new-modeled ternary nanocomposite that can use in photocatalytic and electrochemical CO2 reduction. In order to adjust the energy of the catalyst band and the characteristics of the effective charge carrier, we firstly synthesized the AgFeNi2S4 quaternary nanocomposite and then used it to model the ternary nanocomposites, and all the nanocomposites were synthesized using the Pechini method. The activity of the nanocomposites is directly related to the output of methanol productions. In a photocatalytic CO2 reduction experiment, the methanol yield under UV radiation was 8.679, 6.349, 4.136%, and under Vis-light it was 6.291, 4.738, and 2.339%, respectively. The stability and reusability of the catalysts are the main factors that can define the sturdiness of a photocatalyst in practical applications. The sturdiness of the catalyst has been tested four times by recycling tests, and as a result, the yield of the final product (methanol) has not decreased, confirming the stability of the catalyst. In electrochemical CO2 reduction, the Faraday efficiency is the main parameter that defines the performance of the working electrode and the evolution of methanol. The Faraday efficiency of the AFNSGT ternary nanocomposite was 44.25%; this is an increase in the value of the Faraday efficiency, which proves that the design of the new nanocomposite successfully increases the activity of the working electrode and has a positive effect on the electrochemical reduction of CO2. The photocatalytic and electrochemical CO2 reduction data show that the preparation method, morphological state, and charge carrier properties of the photocatalyst are important for the catalytic activity and efficiency of the methanol evolution pathway.
Effects of COX and 5-LOX Pathways on Different Seizure Models
Authors: Taskiran Mehmet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to examine the relationship between epilepsy and COX/5-LOX inflammation pathways in the penicillin and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epilepsy models.MethodsFor this purpose, forty-two albino male Wistar rats were used in this study. In the penicillin and PTZ-induced epilepsy models, epileptiform activity was induced by injection of penicillin (500 IU, i.c) and PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p, three times a week), respectively. Licofelone (20 mg/kg, i.p), a dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX, and esculetin (20 mg/kg, i.p), a 5-LOX inhibitor, were given. In the penicillin-induced epilepsy model, ECoG activity was recorded for 180 min. In the PTZ-induced epilepsy model, both ECoG activity was recorded and behavioral parameters were performed. ResultsIn the penicillin groups, both licofelone and esculetin decreased the mean spike frequency and amplitude during the experiments. In the PTZ groups, licofelone (20 mg/kg, i.p) was more effective than esculetin (20 mg/kg, i.p). Licofelone showed its protective effects both in ECoG activity and in behavioral parameters. Esculetin was less effective when compared to licofelone.ConclusionThe electrophysiological and behavioral data from the present study indicated that inflammation pathways might have a crucial role in controlling epileptiform activity in rats. Licofelone might be a valuable candidate in advanced studies.
Clinical Outcomes of Ankle Distraction Arthroplasty Versus Supramalleolar Osteotomy for Treatment of Post-traumatic Ankle Arthritis in Young Adult Patients
Authors: Shao Xinzhong , Yang Zongyu , Cui Liang , Tao Shiwu , Wang Li , Zhang Fengqi , Zhao Jianyong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn the late stage of traumatic ankle arthritis, the pain symptoms are aggravated and the joint function is obviously limited. However, in the face of young patients with high activity requirements, there are still great challenges in how to preserve the joint and effectively treat traumatic ankle arthritis. Ankle distraction arthroplasty and supramalleolar osteotomy are both options for such medical condition, but the studies comparing their clinical outcomes have been scarce. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of ankle distraction arthroplasty and supramalleolar osteotomy in the treatment of severe traumatic ankle arthritis in young adult patients.MethodsThis was designed a retrospective study, enrolling 73 consecutive young adult patients who underwent ankle distraction arthroplasty (n=32) or supramalleolar osteotomy (n=41) for post-traumatic ankle arthritis from January 2017 to December 2020. All patients had at least 24-month follow-ups. The outcome measures were the comparisons of the pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) for pain relief, the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores, angle range of motion (ROM), complications, patient-rated overall satisfaction and radiological evaluation of changes in ankle joint space width (JSW).ResultsSeventy-three patients (73 ankles) (100%) returned for final evaluation at an average of 32 months (range, 24 to 48 months) follow-up. At an average of 6 months follow-up, both groups achieved significantly improved VAS, AOFAS, ROM and JSW scores compared to those at baseline ( p<0.05), but not significantly differed between groups (all p>0.05). Either, both groups did not differ in in the tibial anterior surface angle(TAS), talar tilt angle(TT), tibial lateral surface angle(TLS), except for the correcting the load-bearing line of the ankle and hindfoot. However, at the last follow-up, patient satisfaction and ankle function scores in the ankle distraction arthroplasty group showed a downward trend, while the function scores in the supramalleolar osteotomy group showed an increasing trend, which was statistically significant.ConclusionsBoth ankle distraction arthroplasty and supramalleolar osteotomy are effective treatment options for the severe post-traumatic ankle arthritis in the young adult patients. From the long-term follow-up, however, supramalleolar osteotomy is better than ankle distraction arthroplasty in ankle score and patient satisfaction evaluation.Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Longitudinal Changes In Pulmonary Function And Patient Reported Outcomes After Lung Cancer Surgery
Authors: Shin Sumin , Kong Sunga , Kang Danbee , Lee Genehee , Cho Jong Ho , Shim Young Mog , Cho Juhee , Kim Hong Kwan , Park Hye Yun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, but the decline in pulmonary function after surgery is noticeable and needs attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and its integrated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after lung cancer surgery. Methods: The data were obtained from a prospective cohort study, Coordinate Approach to Cancer Patients’ Health for Lung Cancer. Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery and the corresponding modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale and chronic obstructive lung disease assessment test (CAT) score were evaluated. Mixed effect models were used to investigate the changes in pulmonary function and PROs.Results: Among 620 patients, 477 (76.9%) underwent lobectomy, while 120 (19.4%) and 23 (3.7%) were treated with limited resection and bilobectomy/pneumonectomy, respectively. Both FVC and FEV1 markedly decreased 2 weeks after surgery and improved thereafter but did not recover to baseline values. The corresponding mMRC dyspnea scale and CAT score also showed worsening immediately after surgery. The dyspnea scale was still higher, while the CAT score returned to baseline 1 year after surgery, although the breathlessness and lack of energy persisted. Patients treated with bilobectomy/pneumonectomy showed -2.3%, -6.8%, and -6.0% more decrease in FEV1 (% predicted) compared to the patients who underwent lobectomy at each time point. Moreover, worsening quality of life including dyspnea was also robust in patients treated with pneumonectomy/bilobectomy.Conclusions: After lung cancer surgery, pulmonary function and PROs was remarkable decreased at immediate post-operative period and improved thereafter except for dyspnea and lack of energy. The proper information on timeline of change in lung function and symptoms following lung cancer surgery could guide patient care approach following lung cancer surgery. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03705546; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
Seismic vulnerability curves development for residential buildings using a new qualitative-quantitative damage index based on field observations of Sarpol-e Zahab (Iran) earthquake (MW 7.3)
Authors: Khanmohammadi Mohammad , Eshraghi Majid , Sayadi Sina , Mashhadinezhad Milad Ghafarian , Zafarani Hamid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Following a severe disaster, a quick and reliable evaluation of the structural damage state is one of the crucial steps to making decisions and disaster management. Based on a realistic estimate of types and levels of damages, decisions related to the structural performances, repair possibility, or in severe cases, a replacement could be made. In available technical literature, reporting the classification of damaged buildings is limited and based on numerical studies, laboratory tests, and inspector’s judgment. Presented results in current research are from a comprehensive and meticulous investigation of more than 81 damaged steel and RC buildings after the Sarpol-e Zahab (Iran) earthquake. Considering this valuable collected information, a novel qualitative-quantitative approach is introduced to classify damaged steel and RC buildings into 5 damage states, both for structural and non-structural components. For this purpose, weights are attributed to each type of damage, according to the severity of the damage observed in each component and its influence on the damage to the entire building. Then, the damage index of each structure is obtained using the proposed relation, and results are compared with field observation for verification. Finally, empirical vulnerability curves of investigated buildings are developed based on the proposed damage index and spectral acceleration at fundamental periods of structures as an intensity measure.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein B ratio is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among incident peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Zhan Xiaojiang , Zeng Chuanfei , Zhan Qing , Dong Xiqi , Chen Yanbing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/apolipoprotein B (apo B) is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the LDL-C/apo B ratio (LAR) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods: A total of 1199 incident PD patients were enrolled from November 1, 2005 to August 31, 2019. The LAR was used to divide the patients into two groups by X-Tile software and restricted cubic splines using 1.04 as the cutoff. The incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events at follow-up was compared according to LAR. Results: Of the 1199 patients, 58.0% were men, the mean age was 49.3 ± 14.5 years, 225 patients had a history of diabetes, and 117 patients had prior cardiovascular disease. During the follow-up period, 326 patients died, and 178 patients experienced cardiovascular events. After full adjustment, a low LAR was significantly associated with HRs for all-cause mortality of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.87, P = 0.040) and for cardiovascular events of 1.62 (95% CI: 1.11 to 2.38, P = 0.008).Conclusions: This study suggests that a low LAR is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in PD patients, indicating that the LAR may provide significant information when assessing all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risks.