bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing Borders and the Mapping of Referral Systems
Authors: Michael Matthew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The outbreak of COVID 19 and other global pandemics readily shows the importance of ethno-cultural channels of communication. However, modern discourses on medical referrals have narrowly focused their attention on the diverse challenges of referral services in biomedical establishments, but have generally ignored the cultural mechanics and religious dynamism in the contemporary operations of ethno-medical referrals in sub-Saharan Africa. Departing from these studies, the present paper underscores the active networks of referrals in African healing shrines that appropriate the diverse resources and expertise of different healing spaces in their treatments of sick clients. Using an ethnographical approach, the paper investigates the mechanics of ethno-medical referrals from the perspectives of more than 250 sick clients in African healing shrines, over 50 practitioners in ethno-medical shrines, several doctors and nurses, and church workers/Christian healers in Nigeria and Ghana respectively. The findings of this research suggest that there are lively networks of referrals between African healing shrines, hospitals, and Christian healing/prayerhouses, which dramatically turned these diverse healing spaces into an animated transborder space of creative negotiation.
Factors Influencing Eritreans Joining the Pentecostal Faith Movement
Authors: Teklemariam Amanuel Abraha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pentecostalism, a relatively new faith movement that emphasizes Christian religious movement, including speaking in tongues, baptism in the Holy Spirit, and exercising all spiritual gifts (Allison 2021), is subject to various persecutions in the independent state of Eritrea, located in the Horn of Africa. Despite the unfriendly environment Pentecostalism encounters, it is beginning to attract many followers. This qualitative research study investigates factors influencing Eritrean Pentecostals abandoning their parental religions in favor of Pentecostalism.
This study employed a grounded theory design. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with eight study participants. The study examines the genesis of Pentecostalism in Eritrea and reactions from authority figures (parents, government, and church clergy) in response to those who joined the Pentecostal faith movement. The study reveals six themes that show the reasons for joining the Pentecostalism faith movement. The researcher derived four primary conclusions from the study, leading to recommendations for a deeper understanding of an individual’s faith and allowed youth to actively participate in their preferred religious denomination. Finally, other research areas for further studies are provided.
Attitude and Perception of Ghanaians toward the Church
Authors: Bawa Joseph , Ayim Anthony , Bastimi Bossman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although a secular state by legislation, Ghana is highly considered a religious one with a significant number of the population being Christians. Using Christians in some selected municipalities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, this study examines the opinions of believers toward Ghanaian churches. Through a quantitative method, the study revealed that prayer service is the least important practice of the church liked by Christians. In addition, majority of Christians disliked their churches because of unfaithful pastors, long sermons and late closure of church services. Again, the study revealed that churches concentrate on the message of personal prosperity more than repentance toward salvation. They have an overly monetized and materialistic leaning in their sermons. The study recommends the need for churches in Ghana to leverage on the importance of research on regular basis to ascertain the opinions of the members to give churches the right direction to develop.
The Protevangelium of James
Authors: Johnson Samuel B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In view of persistently unresolved questions over whether the assorted segments of the Protevangelium of James can be read as a unified narrative, this study proposes a new account of the work’s complete thematic unity. Taking the Nativity as the Protevangelium’s overarching concern, I suggest that its narrative arises principally from the dramatic relationship between purity and divine indwelling characteristic of the Tabernacle narrative (Ex 25–40, Lev 1–16). As the Protevangelium begins to reach its final form during the second century CE, it becomes ordered around narrating the Christ Child as the locus of divine indwelling, a view which binds together the otherwise discordant opening chapters on Mary’s upbringing and closing chapters on Zechariah’s martyrdom. The Protevangelium invites its readers to consider how the God of Israel could indwell human conception and birth, while neither abolishing the Priestly law nor permitting his unapproachable Presence to suffer diminishment.
The Formation and Instability of Coalition Governments in Kenya
Authors: Etyang Oita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coalition governments have become a common feature of liberal democracies world over. Although relatively new in the African context, it is apparent that they are becoming a common feature in Africa’s political systems. In Kenya, the first coalition government emerged after 2002 when the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) trounced the Kenya African National Union (KANU) in the 2002 general elections. Since then, two other coalition governments have been formed. This paper interrogates the rationale for the formation of the three coalition governments. It is clear from the paper that coalition governments have not been driven by ideological considerations but office seeking reasons. Further, lack of ideological consideration coupled with weak coalition management structures have largely contributed to intermittent wrangles and instability in the coalition governments. The paper draws upon secondary and primary data sources. Primary data was collected through key informant interviews with targeted respondents who were considered knowledgeable in the subject area.
A Clockwork Orange
Authors: Baldassarri Fabrizio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the early modern time citrus fruits unpredictably drew enormous attention, not only in mythology or artistic knowledge, but also in natural philosophy and medicine. Embedded within two lesser-known texts belonging to the sciences, in this article I analyse diverse sources to appraise the richness and plurality of approaches to citrus fruits that pool different ways of constructing a complex knowledge of plants. First, I explore the classificatory attempts of Renaissance botanists. Second, I discuss the experimental investigation in the enchantment for monstrosities and teratologies in Della Porta’s natural magic and Aldrovandi’s naturalism. Then, I present the more structured obsession displayed by Giovanni Battista Ferrari. Finally, I investigate the natural philosophical systematization of citrus in Gassendi’s corpuscularianism and Descartes’ mechanics. In outlining a combination of frameworks, the study of citrus fruits surfaces as a suitable case study to assess the complex knowledge of plants in early modern Europe.
The Jewish Messenger in America’s Chinese Exclusion Debates, 1869–1902
Authors: Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, both the Jews and the Chinese faced virulent racist prejudices in the United States. To prove their Americanness and win recognition, many Jews chose to side with mainstream Americans and support Chinese exclusion. But The Jewish Messenger, a New York-based Jewish newspaper, trod a different path. It confronted Chinese exclusion head-on, portraying it as a menace to American honor. In its view, support for the Chinese would equal defending the country that both Jewish and non-Jewish exclusionists claimed was under fatal threat from Chinese immigrants. In this way, the periodical illuminated a path that Jews could walk to prove their Americanness without sacrificing their sense of righteousness.
Climate, Illumination, and the Style of Western and Eastern Paintings
Authors: Motoyoshi Isamu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Classical painting styles are remarkably different between Europe and East Asia. Classic, post-Renaissance European paintings are approaching photorealism with its rich expressions of shading and highlights whereas paintings from northeast Asia consist of motifs drawn in faint shades and dark contours. Given recent findings that artwork follows the statistical regularities of natural scenes, it is sensible to hypothesize that western and eastern painting styles reflect the visual environment of the respective province. Here, we propose that the different climates of Europe and Asia produced different natural light environments that changed the visual appearance of objects, which in turn influenced painting style. Analysis of meteorological data and optical simulations show that directional lightfields in Mediterranean climates produce object images with variegated shading and sharp highlights. Cloudy and diffused monsoon-like lightfields, in comparison, produce line-shaped shading only around the deepest concavities and remove highlights as well as cast shadows. Image statistics analysis suggests that western and eastern painting styles mimic such differences in visual appearance. The style of classical artworks that have been appreciated in a particular cultural realm could partially mirror the implicit structure of images as constrained by the natural light environment of the corresponding habitat.
The Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator (IPAS). Part III: Verification and Analysis of Ice–Aggregate and Aggregate–Aggregate Collection for Microphysical Parameterization
Authors: Przybylo Vanessa M. , Sulia Kara J. , Lebo Zachary J. , Schmitt Carl G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator (IPAS) is used to theoretically represent the aggregation process of ice crystals. Aggregates have a variety of formations based on initial ice particle size, shape, and falling orientation, all of which influence water phase partitioning. Aggregate dimensional properties and density changes are calculated for monomer–monomer (MON–MON), monomer–aggregate (MON–AGG), and aggregate–aggregate (AGG–AGG) collection to be used by ice-microphysical models for improvement in aggregation parameterizations. Aggregates are chosen from a database of 9 744 000 preformed combinations to be further collected (see Part II). AGG–AGG collection results in more extreme and a smaller range of aggregate aspect ratios than MON–AGG collection. A majority of aggregates are closer to prolate than oblate spheroids, regardless of collection type, except for quasi-horizontally oriented particles that have extreme aspect ratios to begin with. MON–AGG collection frequently results in an increase in density upon collection, whereas MON–MON and AGG–AGG collection almost always result in particle density decreases, with extreme reductions near 99% for MON–MON collection. MON–MON collection results in the greatest decreases in density but then quickly becomes unaffected by the addition of more monomers due to inherent size differences between monomers and aggregates. Finally, a holistic analysis to in situ observations of cloud particle images is presented. IPAS 2D aspect ratios surround a median value of 0.6 and closely follow that of previous studies while varying by no more than ≈12% on average from observed aggregates.
Gulf Stream Position, Width, and Orientation Estimated from HF Radar Radial Velocity Maps off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina
Authors: Muglia Mike , Seim Harvey , Taylor Patterson 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A method to extract characteristics of the Gulf Stream (GS) surface flow field using high-frequency radar (HFR)–derived currents is described. Radial velocity measurements, from radar installations near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, serve as input, chosen because of the greater spatial and temporal coverage provided compared to total velocity fields. The landward GS edge, jet axis, orientation, and cyclonic shear zone (CSZ) width are identified along bearings within the radar footprint. The method is applied to observations from two radar installations from November 2014 and provides GS estimates with daily temporal resolution. Results along eight bearings provide a consistent representation of GS variability dominated by the passage of meanders. Average distance to the GS edge along bearings varies from 50 to 100 km; distance estimate quality degrades with range from the radars. Monthly mean GS jet axis locations from satellite sea surface height (SSH) and the algorithm are consistent. Cross correlations between estimates of GS characteristics in the same region vary from 0.37 to 0.73 for the GS edge. Estimates of radar distance to the GS edge are negatively correlated with current velocity measurements nearest the surface from a moored 150-kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler and vary between −0.58 and −0.71. GS CSZ width metrics range from mean values of 29–31 km. Daily GS orientation estimates are affected by the crossing angle of the radial bearing relative to the GS. Lags from the cross correlations of monthly mean properties suggest meander propagation speed estimates increase from 43.2 km day−1 south of the cape, to 136.8 km day−1 just east of it.
Effects of Flow Dependency Introduced by Background Error in Frequent and Dense Assimilation of Radial Winds Using Observation Error Correlated in Time and Space
Authors: Fujita Tadashi , Seko Hiromu , Kawabata Takuya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effect of flow dependency in the assimilation of high-density, high-frequency observations. Radial winds from a Doppler radar are assimilated using a regional hybrid four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) scheme with a flow-dependent background error covariance. To consistently assimilate 5 km × 5.625° cell-averaged radial winds at an interval of 10 min, the spatial and temporal correlations of the observation error are statistically diagnosed to be incorporated into the hybrid 4D-Var. The spatial correlation width is larger than that expected from instrument error, suggesting a contribution from representation error whose propagation is also considered to lead to temporal correlation, the width of which is diagnosed to increase with forecast time. The background error covariance also has an important role in incorporating observational information into the analysis. Single observation experiments show that the hybrid 4D-Var has more small-scale structure in its flow-dependent background error correlation than the 4D-Var limited from the climatological background error covariance mainly in the former part of the assimilation window. This suggests the higher potential of the hybrid 4D-Var to allow more higher-wavenumber components in the increment. A case study shows that the hybrid 4D-Var makes better use of the dense and frequent observations, reflecting more detailed representation of flow throughout the assimilation window, leading to promising results in the forecast. Sensitivity experiments also show that it is important to use the optimal observation error correlation. It is suggested that the flow-dependent background error becomes necessary to effectively use high-resolution, high-frequency observations.
Overlapping Windows in a Global Hourly Data Assimilation System
Authors: Slivinski Laura C. , Lippi Donald E. , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Ge Guoqing , Carley Jacob R. , Alexander Curtis R. , Compo Gilbert P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The U.S. operational global data assimilation system provides updated analysis and forecast fields every 6 h, which is not frequent enough to handle the rapid error growth associated with hurricanes or other storms. This motivates development of an hourly updating global data assimilation system, but observational data latency can be a barrier. Two methods are presented to overcome this challenge: “catch-up cycles,” in which a 1-hourly system is reinitialized from a 6-hourly system that has assimilated high-latency observations; and “overlapping assimilation windows,” in which the system is updated hourly with new observations valid in the past 3 h. The performance of these methods is assessed in a near-operational setup using the Global Forecast System by comparing forecasts with in situ observations. At short forecast leads, the overlapping windows method performs comparably to the 6-hourly control in a simplified configuration and outperforms the control in a full-input configuration. In the full-input experiment, the catch-up cycle method performs similarly to the 6-hourly control; reinitializing from the 6-hourly control does not appear to provide a significant benefit. Results suggest that the overlapping windows method performs well in part because of the hourly update cadence, but also because hourly cycling systems can make better use of available observations. The impact of the hourly update relative to the 6-hourly update is most significant during the first forecast day, while impacts on longer-range forecasts were found to be mixed and mostly insignificant. Further effort toward an operational global hourly updating system should be pursued.
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis
Authors: Zyoud Sa’ed H. , Shakhshir Muna , Koni Amer , Shahwan Moyad , Jairoun Ammar A. , Al-Jabi Samah W. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Coronavirus illness (COVID-19) has been found to alter infected people’s sense of smell and taste. However, the pathobiology of this virus is not yet known. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the influence of COVID-19 infection on olfactory and gustatory processes. Therefore, we use bibliometric analysis on COVID-19 and olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction publications to provide studies perspective. Methods: A bibliometric literature search was performed in the Scopus database. The number and type of publications, countries for publications, institutional sources for publications, journals for publications, citation patterns, and funding agencies were analyzed using Microsoft Excel or VOSviewer. In addition, the VOSviewer 1.6.17 software was used to analyze and visualize hotspots and collaboration patterns between countries. Results: Scopus has published 187 088 documents for COVID-19 in all study fields at the time of data collection (July 26, 2021). A total of 1740 documents related to olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were recovered. The countries most relevant by the number of publications were the United States (n = 362, 20.80%), Italy (n = 255, 14.66%), and the United Kingdom (n = 173, 9.94%). By analyzing the terms in the titles and abstracts, we identified 2 clusters related to olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction research, which are “diagnosis and test methods” and “prognosis and complications of the disease.” Conclusions: This is the first bibliometric analysis of publications related to COVID-19 and olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. This study provides academics and researchers with useful information on the publishing patterns of the most influential publications on COVID-19 and olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction as indices of suspicion for the empirical diagnosis of coronavirus infection is a new hotspot in this field.
Technology Intensive Exports and Growth of Asian Economies
Authors: Siddiqui Areej Aftab 
Published: March 2022

The emphasis on enhancing and specialising in technology exports and altering policy environment in Asian economies has been dominant since 2000. The present study is an attempt to empirically investigate the effect of technology exports on enhancing growth of Asian economies during the period 2001 to 2018. To assess the linkages between growth, investments, labour productivity and technology exports, panel least squares with cross section weights is applied for the economies. To assess the relationship between the variables for each individual country ARDL technique is applied. The results indicate long run relationship between low, medium low and medium high technology exports and growth as well as domestic investment and growth. For individual nations, the results indicate varying intensity of technology exports have a different relationship with growth. The results also suggest the need for Government of each nation to enhance its effort on the development of policies which focus on attracting investments and further promoting exports of technology intensive sectors. JEL Codes: F14, F60, O19
Mental health help-seeking among Brazilian medical students: Who suffers unassisted?
Authors: Bastos Tamires Martins , Bumaguin Daniela Benzano , Astolfi Vitória Rech , Xavier Aurora Zamora , Hoffmann Mauricio Scopel , Ornell Felipe , Spritzer Daniel Tornaim , Bassols Ana Margareth Siqueira , von Diemen Lisia , Laskoski Pricilla Braga , Hauck Simone 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Several barriers for mental health help-seeking were identified among medical students, including minimizing mental illness. Studies examining aspects particular to those who perceive psychological impairment but do not access treatment are necessary for planning interventions. Aims: To identify help-seeking barriers based on the students’ perception about their need for treatment and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: Cross-sectional study assessing 436 Brazilian medical students (833 attending the medical school = 52.3% response rate). Data collection covered sociodemographic data, mental health, academic environment, and Beck Inventories of Depression (BDI) and Anxiety (BAI). Non-parametric tests and hierarchical logistic regression were used to compare students undergoing treatment, those willing to access treatment, and the ones reporting no need for treatment. Results: Among the 382 students who completed the survey (87.6% completion rate), 38.5% ( n = 147) were in treatment, and 33% ( n = 126) were in need. Moderate to severe risk of alcohol abuse was observed in 45.9% ( n = 50) of students reporting no need for treatment. Regression models suggested that perceiving need for treatment – whether already undergoing it or not – was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.07–1.21]), female assigned sex (OR 2.18 [95% CI 1.23–3.88]), LGBTQ+ (OR 2.47 [95% CI 1.09–5.60]) and reporting good relationship with the family (OR 0.26 [95% CI 0.08–0.83]). Models comparing students in treatment and those in need, pointed that the factors associated with lacking mental health care were age (OR 0.90 [95% CI 0.82–0.99]), perception of a heavy workload (OR 2.43 [95% CI 1.35–4.38]) and good relationship with colleagues (OR 3.51 [95% CI 1.81–6.81]). Discussion: Social variables and the severity of depressive symptoms are positively associated with perceived need for treatment. Age and academic environment factors were related to help-seeking behavior among students with appropriate self-awareness. We discuss these findings’ implications for planning interventions.