bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid tracking control strategy for an unmanned underwater vehicle aided with bioinspired neural dynamics
Authors: Xu Zhe , Yan Tao , Yang Simon X. , Gadsden S. Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTracking control has been a vital research topic in robotics. This paper presents a novel hybrid control strategy for an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) based on a bioinspired neural dynamics model. An enhanced backstepping kinematic control strategy is first developed to avoid sharp velocity jumps and provides smooth velocity commands relative to conventional methods. Then, a novel sliding mode control is proposed, which is capable of providing smooth and continuous torque commands free from chattering. In comparative studies, the proposed combined hybrid control strategy has ensured control signal smoothness, which is critical in real‐world applications, especially for a UUV that needs to operate in complex underwater environments.
I‐CenterNet: Road infrared target detection based on improved CenterNet
Authors: Li Xiang , Qian Yurong , Guo Rui , Ao Naixiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfrared target detection has strong anti‐interference ability, long working distance and can work day and night. So it is widely used in military security and transportation fields, and infrared road object detection is critical in traffic checkpoints and autonomous driving. However, the target scale in infrared images changes greatly, small targets are difficult to detect, the poor image quality and low signal‐to‐noise ratio are still huge challenges in infrared target detection. This paper proposes an improved infrared target detection model I‐CenterNet based on the anchor‐free model CenterNet. The EfficientNetV2 with the channel attention mechanism is used instead of the traditional structure as the backbone network to enhance feature extraction. In order to reduce the noise of the input infrared image, Dilated‐Residual U‐net (DRUNet) is used. Meanwhile, feature pyramid and Sub‐Pixel are combined for multi‐scale feature fusion. Data enhancement is implemented to improve model performance. The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy of this model on the Flir infrared data set is 87.9%, and the average detection speed reaches 14.2 frames/s.
Probing the megaparsec-scale environment of hyperluminous infrared galaxies at 2 < z < 4
Authors: Gao F. , Wang L. , Ramos Padilla A. F. , Clements D. , Farrah D. , Huang T. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Protoclusters are progenitors of galaxy clusters and they serve as an important key in studies of how halo mass and stellar mass assemble in the early universe. Finding the signposts of such overdense regions, such as bright dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFG), is a popular method for identifying protocluster candidates.
Aims. Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HLIRGs) are ultramassive and show extreme levels of dusty star formation and black hole accretion that are expected to reside in overdense regions with massive halos. We study the megaparsec-scale environment of the largest HLIRG sample to date (526 HLIRGs over 26 deg2) and we investigate whether they are, in fact, predominantly located in overdense regions.
Methods. We first explored the surface density of Herschel 250 μm sources around HLIRGs and made comparisons with the corresponding values around random positions. Then, we compared the spatial distribution of neighbors around HLIRGs with their counterparts around randomly selected galaxies using a deep IRAC-selected catalog with good-quality photometric redshifts. We also used a redshift-matched quasar sample and submillimeter galaxy (SMG) sample to validate our method, as previous clustering studies have measured the host halo masses of these populations. Finally, we adopted a friends of friends (FoF) algorithm to look for (proto)clusters hosting HLIRGs.
Results. We find that HLIRGs tend to have more bright star-forming neighbors (with 250 μm flux density > 10 mJy) within a 100″ projected radius (∼0.8 Mpc at 2 < z < 4), as compared to a random galaxy at a 3.7σ significance. In our 3D analysis, we find relatively weak excess of IRAC-selected sources within 3 Mpc around HLIRGs compared with random galaxy neighbors, mainly influenced by photometric redshift uncertainty and survey depth. We find a more significant difference (at a 4.7σ significance) in the number of Low Frequency Array (LOFAR)-detected neighbors in the deepest ELAIS-N1 (EN1) field. Furthermore, HLIRGs at 3 < z < 4 show stronger excess compared to HLIRGs at 2 < z < 3 (0.13 ± 0.04 and 0.14 ± 0.01 neighbors around HLIRGs and random positions at 2 < z < 3, respectively, and 0.08 ± 0.04 and 0.05 ± 0.01 neighbors around HLIRGs and random positions at 3 < z < 4, respectively), which is consistent with cosmic downsizing. Finally, we present a list of 30 of the most promising protocluster candidates selected for future follow-up observations.
Laboratory detection and astronomical study of interstellar acetohydroxamic acid, a glycine isomer
Authors: Sanz-Novo M. , Alonso J. L. , Rivilla V. M. , McGuire B. A. , León I. , Mata S. , Jimenez-Serra I. , Martín-Pintado J. 
Published: September 2022

Aims. In this work, we aim to achieve the first laboratory detection of acetohydroxamic acid (CH3CONHOH), a relevant glycine isomer, to enable its eventual identification in the ISM.
Methods. We employed a battery of state-of-the-art rotational spectroscopic techniques in the time domain to measure the microwave spectrum of acetohydroxamic acid. We then used the spectral GOTHAM survey performed with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to search for the lowest-energy Z-conformer toward the cold and quiescent molecular cloud TMC-1. We also employed a sensitive spectral survey of the chemically rich Galactic Center molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027, based on IRAM 30 m and Yebes 40 m observations.
Results. We report direct experimental frequencies of the ground state of acetohydroxamic acid (up to 40 GHz). The 14N nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure and the A-E splittings due to the internal rotation were observed and analyzed. Hence, a precise set of the rotational spectroscopic parameters were determined for the two distinct conformers, Z- and E-acetohydroxamic acid, which is the initial and prerequisite step of their radio astronomical search in the ISM using low-frequency surveys. We report the nondetection of acetohydroxamic acid toward both astronomical sources. We derive an upper limit to the column density of this molecule very similar to that obtained for glycine. Its corresponding molecular abundance with respect to molecular hydrogen is found to be ≤1 × 10−9 and 2 × 10−10 in TMC-1 and G+0.693-0.027, respectively, which further constrain the abundance of this glycine isomer in the ISM.
Neurorehabilitation zerebraler Gliome: Implikationen für die
soziale und berufliche Integration
Authors: Bujan B. , Ziecina P. , Ginzburg E. 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie glialen Tumoren gehören zu den häufigsten primären
Tumoren des zentralen Nervensystems und weisen ein variables biologisches und
klinisches Verhalten abhängig vom Malignitätsgrad (WHO-Grad)
auf. Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 350 Patienten mit der Diagnose
zerebrale Gliome im Alter zwischen 22 und 84 Jahren rekrutiert, die in der
Klinik für Neurologie des Reha-Zentrums Bad Orb stationär
behandelt wurden. In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden alle Patienten mit
histologisch gesicherten zerebralen Gliomen und vorliegender Graduierung der
Malignität nach der WHO-Klassifikation (n=333). Unsere
retrospektive Analyse legte nahe, dass der höhere
Malignitätsgrad (WHO-Grad III und IV bei 86% der Patienten mit
Leistungseinschränkungen), das Alter (56,4±3,46; p≤0,005
vs. 48,3±1,53; p≤0,005) sowie kognitive Defizite (71%
der Patienten mit Leistungseinschränkungen) prognostisch als
entscheidende limitierende Faktoren für die erfolgreiche berufliche
Integration sowie die Aufrechterhaltung von Alltagskompetenzen zu identifizieren
sind. Diese Arbeit trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis der
Komplexität neuroonkologischer und sozialmedizinischer Versorgung im
Rahmen der stationären Neurorehabilitation bei. Die Analyse und unsere
Erfahrung zeigen, dass die zeitnahe Beurteilung der umweltbezogenen
Kontextfaktoren, der psychosozialen Krankheitsfolgen sowie der
Leistungsfähigkeit und Alltagskompetenzen enorm wichtig für die
langfristige, erfolgreiche neuroonkologische Betreuung ist.
Evaluation of a collisional radiative model for electron temperature determination in hydrogen plasma
Authors: Vinoth S. P. , Evans E. S. , Swanson C. P. S. , Palmerduca E. , Cohen S. A. 
Published: September 2022

A collisional-radiative (CR) model that extracts the electron temperature, Te, of hydrogen plasmas from Balmer-line-ratio measurements is examined for the plasma electron density, ne, and Te ranges of 1010–1015 cm−3 and 5–500 eV, respectively. The CR code, developed and implemented in Python, has a forward component that computes the densities of excited states up to n = 15 as functions of Te, ne, and the molecular-to-atomic neutral ratio r(H2/H). The backward component provides ne and r(H2/H) as functions of the Balmer ratios to predict the Te. The model assumes Maxwellian electrons. The density profiles of the electrons and of the molecular and atomic hydrogen neutrals are shown to be of great importance, as is the accuracy of the line-ratio measurement method.
Fundamental asymmetry between space and time in quantum field theory
Authors: Gavassino L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1 + 1 dimensions, space and time are geometrically interchangeable. The reason is that, if we switch the roles of the spacelike and the timelike dimensions, this only amounts to redefining the signature convention of the metric tensor. This establishes a mathematical duality between classical Klein–Gordon fields and classical tachyonic fields: one is the ‘space/time swapped’ version of the other. Here, we show that this duality breaks down completely in a quantum world. In quantum field theory, if we exchange space with time, we end up with non-canonical field theories that exhibit all sorts of paradoxical behaviours. Theories that should be stable are, instead, unstable, while theories that should be unstable are stable. Theories that should be causal are, instead, acausal. This formalizes a widespread (but often neglected) intuition: there is a fundamental (non-geometrical) asymmetry between space and time, which has a purely quantum origin, and does not exist in a classical world. Such asymmetry exists independently from the measurement problem, as it is encoded directly in the algebraic properties of the field operators.
The factorization method and Capon’s method for random source identification in experimental aeroacoustics
Authors: Griesmaier Roland , Raumer Hans-Georg 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Experimental aeroacoustics is concerned with the estimation of acoustic source power distributions, which are for instance caused by fluid structure interactions on scaled aircraft models inside a wind tunnel, from microphone array measurements of associated sound pressure fluctuations. In the frequency domain aeroacoustic sound propagation can be modeled as a random source problem for a convected Helmholtz equation. This article is concerned with the inverse random source problem to recover the support of an uncorrelated aeroacoustic source from correlations of observed pressure signals. We show that a variant of the factorization method from inverse scattering theory can be used for this purpose. We also discuss a surprising relation between the factorization method and a commonly used beamforming algorithm from experimental aeroacoustics, which is known as Capon’s method or as the minimum variance method. Numerical examples illustrate our theoretical findings.
A novel ultra-broadband absorber based on carbon-coated honeycomb panels combined with metamaterials
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Shiju , Liu Shanshan , Wu Jiong , Wang Youcheng , Ding Xiaoxia , Yang Helin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a radar absorber with composite structure of metasurface/honeycomb is proposed. Carbon coating is used as a loss material, and honeycomb sandwich structure is used as a support layer to enhance mechanical strength. Introducing impedance matching layer in the top layer of honeycomb absorber can significantly improve the low-frequency absorption performance. The simulation results show that the absorption efficiency of the combined structure absorber can reach more than 90% in the frequency range of 3.65–17.3 GHz. We verified the simulation results through experiments. This method provides an idea for the design of ultra-wideband absorber and has a potential application prospect in stealth material design.
KATRIN: status and prospects for the neutrino mass and beyond
Authors: Aker M , Balzer M , Batzler D , Beglarian A , Behrens J , Berlev A , Besserer U , Biassoni M , Bieringer B , Block F , Bobien S , Bombelli L , Bormann D , Bornschein B , Bornschein L , Böttcher M , Brofferio C , Bruch C , Brunst T , Caldwell T S , Carminati M , Carney R M D , Chilingaryan S , Choi W , Cremonesi O , Debowski K , Descher M , Díaz Barrero D , Doe P J , Dragoun O , Drexlin G , Edzards F , Eitel K , Ellinger E , Engel R , Enomoto S , Felden A , Fink D , Fiorini C , Formaggio J A , Forstner C , Fränkle F M , Franklin G B , Friedel F , Fulst A , Gauda K , Gavin A S , Gil W , Glück F , Grande A , Grössle R , Gugiatti M , Gumbsheimer R , Hannen V , Hartmann J , Haußmann N , Helbing K , Hickford S , Hiller R , Hillesheimer D , Hinz D , Höhn T , Houdy T , Huber A , Jansen A , Karl C , Kellerer J , King P , Kleifges M , Klein M , Köhler C , Köllenberger L , Kopmann A , Korzeczek M , Kovalík A , Krasch B , Krause H , Lasserre T , La Cascio L , Lebeda O , Lechner P , Lehnert B , Le T L , Lokhov A , Machatschek M , Malcherek E , Manfrin D , Mark M , Marsteller A , Martin E L , Mazzola E , Melzer C , Mertens S , Mostafa J , Müller K , Nava A , Neumann H , Niemes S , Oelpmann P , Onillon A , Parno D S , Pavan M , Pigliafreddo A , Poon A W P , Poyato J M L , Pozzi S , Priester F , Puritscher M , Radford D C , Ráliš J , Ramachandran S , Robertson R G H , Rodejohann W , Rodenbeck C , Röllig M , Röttele C , Ryšavý M , Sack R , Saenz A , Salomon R W J , Schäfer P , Schimpf L , Schlösser K , Schlösser M , Schlüter L , Schneidewind S , Schrank M , Schütz A-K , Schwemmer A , Sedlak A , Šefčík M , Sibille V , Siegmann D , Slezák M , Spanier F , Spreng D , Steidl M , Sturm M , Telle H H , Thorne L A , Thümmler T , Titov N , Tkachev I , Trigilio P , Urban K , Valerius K , Vénos D , Vizcaya Hernández A P , Voigt P , Weinheimer C , Weiss E , Welte S , Wendel J , Wiesinger C , Wilkerson J F , Wolf J , Wunderl L , Wüstling S , Wydra J , Xu W , Zadoroghny S , Zeller G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 β decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN’s design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity.
Free-standing hybrid material of Cu/Cu2O/CuO modified by graphene with commercial Cu foil using for non-enzymatic glucose detection
Authors: Ren Zhaodi , Dong Rui , Liu Yuanan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Free-standing Cu/Cu2O/CuO modified by graphene was formed through two steps: Firstly, the commercial Cu foil was thermal annealed to form Cu/Cu2O/CuO; Secondly, the Cu/Cu2O/CuO was modified by graphene through electrochemical exfoliated method. The SEM, XRD, TEM and XPS have been used to characterize the morphology, the crystalline phase, and the surface composition of the hybrid electrode as-prepared. The effects of Cu and its oxides on graphene has been uncovered by the Raman results. The sensitivity of the glucose sensor in 0.1 M NaOH by using the as-prepared hybrid material reaches 3102 μA·mM−1 cm−2 within a linear range of 0.002–2.88 mM, which is better than that of the Cu/graphene and the Cu/Cu2O/CuO prepared at the same conditions. The sensor also shows excellent anti-interference ability, good cycling stability and time stability. The advantage of the sensor is caused by the strengthened synergistic effects between the graphene and the Cu/Cu2O/CuO due to the alleviated detrimental effects of the metal on the property of the graphene through using oxides middle layer as well as the large active area that obtained. This work provides a new way to study the effects of graphene in improving the property of the metal oxide especially in using for glucose sensor.
A literature review on the definition of the concept of weight
Authors: Taşkın Tuğba , Karadag Mustafa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The weight, one of the key concepts of physics education, still continues to be discussed among physics educators. Today, there are two main definitions as the ‘gravitational’ and ‘operational’, but there are differences even between them. It is important to know the different approaches found in textbooks in eliminating misconceptions and organizing the learning environment. Therefore, in this study, we examined the basic physics textbooks used as reliable sources in different universities in the world and aimed to reveal the differences of opinion in the literature in a single source. We examined the definitions in the textbooks for the concept of weight by using content analysis method in terms of vector and scalar characteristics. As a result of the analysis, we saw that the textbooks mostly (69.8%) define weight as a vector quantity. In addition, we determined that the definitions for being scalar started to be preferred after 2004. Moreover, we have determined that the gravitational and operational definitions have different interpretations, both as vectors and scalars, but the textbooks offer a single perspective for weight and do not include these different interpretations. We encountered the explanation of the differences of opinion in the literature only in one textbook.
Currents induced in a circular loop by an oscillating magnet
Authors: Ha Hye Jin , Jang Taehun , Sohn Sang Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we derived several formulas for the currents induced in a circular loop by a magnet connected to a spring-based simple harmonic oscillation system. In addition, we conducted an experiment for measuring the induced currents and compared the results with the theoretical prediction. It was confirmed that the prediction from the derived formulas fits well with experimental results. Via derived formulas and a simple experiment, Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law could be easily explained.
Electron cyclotron drift instability and anomalous transport: two-fluid moment theory and modeling
Authors: Wang Liang , Hakim Ammar , Juno James , Srinivasan Bhuvana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the presence of a strong electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field, the electron cross-field (E × B) flow relative to the unmagnetized ions can cause the so-called electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) due to resonances of the ion acoustic mode and the electron cyclotron harmonics. This occurs in, for example, collisionless shock ramps in space, and in E × B discharge devices such as Hall thrusters. A prominent feature of ECDI is its capability to induce an electron flow parallel to the background E field at a speed greatly exceeding predictions by classical collision theory. Such anomalous transport is important due to its role in particle thermalization at space shocks, and in causing plasma flows towards the walls of E × B devices, leading to unfavorable erosion and performance degradation, etc. The development of ECDI and anomalous transport is often considered requiring a fully kinetic treatment. In this work, however, we demonstrate that a reduced variant of this instability, and more importantly, the associated anomalous transport, can be treated self-consistently in a collisionless two-fluid framework without any adjustable collision parameter. By treating both electron and ion species on an equal footing, the free energy due to the inter-species velocity shear allows the growth of an anomalous electron flow parallel to the background E field. We will first present linear analyses of the instability in the two-fluid five- and ten-moment models, and compare them against the fully-kinetic theory. At low temperatures, the two-fluid models predict the fastest-growing mode in good agreement with the kinetic result. Also, by including more

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moments, secondary (and possibly higher) unstable branches can be recovered. The dependence of the instability on ion-to-electron mass ratio, plasma temperature, and background B field strength is also thoroughly explored. We then carry out direct numerical simulations of the cross-field setup using the five-moment model. The development of the instability, as well as the anomalous transport, is confirmed and in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The force balance properties are also studied using the five-moment simulation data. This work casts new insights into the nature of ECDI and the associated anomalous transport and demonstrates the potential of the two-fluid moment model in efficient modeling of E × B plasmas.
Characterisation of surface charge density and net electric field during parallel-plate dielectric barrier discharge generated in atmospheric-pressure air
Authors: Natsume China , Komuro Atsushi , Ando Akira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We measured the surface charge density in a parallel-plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) using the Pockels effect, and the axial and lateral components of the net electric field were evaluated for different gap lengths and applied voltages. The DBD was driven by a 5 kHz sinusoidal voltage in gap lengths of 0.5, 0.3, and 0.1 mm at atmospheric pressure with Bi4Ge3O12 crystal as a dielectric. Typical microdischarges (MDs) were observed for every gap length, and the number of MDs increased with the increasing applied voltage. As the gap length decreased, the spot radius of a single MD decreased, whereas the peaks of charge density were almost the same, indicating that the amount of charge transported per unit MD is limited for short gaps. The spatial memory effect, in which MDs occur at the same position in successive cycles, was not always observed under the experimental conditions, and it was evaluated considering the surface charge density distributions. Whether the memory effect works is determined by the surface charge density, and it is likely to occur under a balance between positive and negative charges across successive half-cycles. The net electric field was estimated from surface charge measurements. The axial component of the net electric field strength increased up to 150–170 Td before the MD occurred, and it decreased below 100 Td by the surface charge deposited by MD, being approximately 50%–60% of the external field amplitude. The maximum value of the lateral component of the electric field was approximately 150 Td at the edge of the MD spot with a gap length of 0.5 mm, and it decreased as the gap length decreased. As a negative surface charge generated a weaker lateral field than a positive one, the electric field distribution differed between anodic and cathodic dielectrics.