bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological Disease Associated With Enterovirus Infection: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Viñas Eulàlia Turón , Gómez Fatima Castillo , Calderón Elisenda Moliner , Lacasa Laura Armendáriz , Estarellas Emma Carbonell , Casas Margarita del Cuerpo , Garcia Nuria Rabella 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Enteroviruses are a type of RNA-strained virus with more than 100 different genotypes. Infection can be asymptomatic, or symptoms can range from mild to severe. Some patients can develop neurological involvement, such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or even cardiorespiratory failure. However, in children, the risk factors for developing severe neurological involvement are not well understood. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the risk factors associated with severe neurological involvement in children hospitalized for neurological disease after enterovirus infection. One-hundred and seven children hospitalized from 2009 to 2019 were included. Patients were classified according to the World Health Organization case definition for neurological complications in hand, foot and mouth disease. Our findings showed that, in children between age 2 and 5, the appearance of neurological symptoms within the first 12 hours from infection onset—especially if associated with skin rash—was a significant risk factor for severe neurological involvement. Detection of enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid was more likely in patients with aseptic meningitis. By contrast, other biological samples (e.g., feces or nasopharyngeal fluids) were necessary to detect enterovirus in patients with encephalitis. The genotype most commonly associated with the most severe neurological conditions was EV-A71. E-30 was mostly associated with aseptic meningitis. Awareness of the risk factors associated with worse neurological outcomes could help clinicians to better manage these patients to avoid unnecessary admissions and/or ancillary tests.
Exploring Trimetallic Clusters Containing Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Atoms with High Activity for Nitrogen Activation
Authors: Huang Xue-Qian , Ding Xun-Lei , Wang Jian , Wang Ya-Ya , Gurti Joseph Israel , Chen Yan , Wang Meng-Meng , Li Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Activation of dinitrogen (N2) is the critical step in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in ammonia synthesis. In this paper, reaction mechanisms of N2 activation on trimetallic clusters Mo2M (M=Li, Na, K, Mg, and Ca) and Mo3-xCax (x = 2-3) were systematically studied by density functional theory calculations. Unlike Mo2 which is inert to N2 , clusters with alkali or alkaline earth metal atoms have much higher reactivity towards N2 in terms of both thermodynamics and kinetics. Particularly, in one reaction path of N2 with MoCa2 , all the intermediates and transition states are well below the energy sum of the reactants, indicating that the dissociation of N2 on MoCa2 can take place spontaneously in gas-phase reactions. N2 transfers on clusters with different coordination modes, and the N−N bond is gradually activated. When N2 is bonded with three metal atoms with end-on:side-on:side-on coordination mode, it is fully activated and easily dissociated into two adsorbed N atoms. These results may serve as a prototype to design single-cluster catalysts with a trimetallic center for nitrogen activation and conversion.
A Structural Equation Model of The Relationships Between Psychological Distress, HIV Status And Other Exogenous Factors In South Africa
Authors: Ncitakalo Nolusindiso , Sigwadhi Lovemore Nyasha , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Joska John , Simbayi Leickness 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Mental disorders like depression and anxiety are more prevalent in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population. Improved understanding of the relationship between mental disorders and HIV is important for designing interventions for this group. However, the relationship between mental disorders and HIV is complex and bidirectional. This paper explores the interrelationships between the psychological distress as measured by depression and anxiety symptoms, HIV status and other exogenous variables such as demographic, HIV and health-related variables using structural equation modelling. Methods: This secondary data analysis used the 2012 South African population-based household survey on HIV collected using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Generalized structural equation modelling (G-SEM) path analysis was used to explore the direct and indirect relationships of socio-demographic, health and HIV-related factors with psychological distress using HIV status as a moderator variable. Results: A total of 20 083 participants were included in the study, 21.7% reported psychological distress, of whom (12.6%) were HIV positive. In the final path model with HIV status as a moderator, psychological distress was significantly more likely among age group 25-49 years (AOR: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.3-1.6]), age 50 years and older, (AOR: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.2-1.6]), females (AOR:1.6 [95% CI: 1.4-1.8]), high risk drinkers (AOR: 1.9 [1.6-2.2]) hazardous drinkers (AOR: 4.4 [95% CI: 3.1-6.3]), ever tested for HIV (AOR: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1-1.3]). Psychological distress was significantly less likely among the married [AOR: 0.8 (0.7-0.9)], other race groups [AOR: 0.5 (0.5-0.6)], those with secondary level education (AOR: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.8-0.9]), and tertiary level education (AOR: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6-0.9]), those from rural informal [AOR: 0.8 (0.7-0.9)], and rural formal [AOR: 0.8 (0.7-0.9)] areas and those who rated their health as excellent/good [AOR: 0.4 (0.4-0.5)]. Conclusion: The findings highlight the mediating role of HIV positive status in producing psychological distress especially among young people, males and those with no education and / or low education attainment. Understanding this complex relationship is important for developing interventions to prevent psychological distress especially among PLHIV.
The Root Enrichment of Bacteria is Consistent Across Different Stress-Resistant Plant Species
Authors: Huang Feng , Zhu Congyi , Huang Minli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bacteria, inhabiting around and in the plant root, confer many beneficial traits to plant growth and health. From the plant part, the secretion of root exudates modulates the nutritional state of the rhizosphere and root area, further selects specific bacteria taxa and structures the bacteria communities within the area. Many studies of the rhizosphere effects have demonstrated that the selection by the plant rhizosphere consistently enriches a set of bacteria phyla and genera, and is conserved across different plant species. Even though the root selection effects are considered stricter to the rhizosphere, their studies are still limited. Here, we focus on the root selection effects across a group of 11 stress-resistant plant species. We found that the root selection consistently reduced the alpha diversity (represented by observed species, shannon diversity, and phylogenetic diversity) and altered the structure and composition of bacteria communities. Furthermore, the root selection tended to enrich the species of a cluster of bacterial genera including Pantoea, Akkermansia, Blautia, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Novosphingobium, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas. Our study offers some basic knowledge to the understanding of the microbial ecology of the plant root, and suggests that several bacteria genera are of interests in future studies.
Benefit of Exercise PLWHA for Side Effect ARV Medicine in the Cakap Turen Foundation, Malang Regency
Authors: sasono Tri nurhudi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
HIV / AIDS is a disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus which lowers immunity by infecting and damaging the human immune system. Exercise can increase the expectation and quality of life of PLWHA. The health condition of PLWHA is influenced by exercise. The purpose of this study was to benefit that exercise for people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) ARV medecine consumtion. The design of this research is analytic observational with approach cross sectional. The sample used technique purposive sampling at NGO CAKAP Turen as many as 30 respondents. Retrieval of data using-based questionnaires online via google form. The statistical test is using correlations analysis. The results show that there is Chi-Square test results obtained p value (Sig) 0.0160 < α value 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between exercise of PLWHA in side effect ARV medicine. Based on these statistical results, it can be concluded that the factors that influence exercise are side effect ARV medecine.
Dynamics Analysis of Memristor Chaotic Circuit with Coexisting Hidden Attractors
Authors: Guo Mei , Zhao Kaixuan , Liu Jiandong , Ma Xinjie , Duan Huaying , Dou Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel Sr 0.97 Ba 0.03 TiO 3-δ memristor-based fifth-order chaotic circuit was proposed. A new cubic nonlinear magnetic control model was established by analyzing the measured data. The equilibrium points and its stability of the circuit system were analyzed by the Jacobi matrix method, and the effects of the initial states and circuit parameters on the system were discussed though methods of Lyapunov exponents spectra, bifurcation diagrams, phase diagrams, and poincaré maps. The results show that the chaotic circuit can produce complex dynamic phenomena with the variation of initial states and circuit parameters. The dynamic phenomena such as coexisting attractors have been discovered. In particular, coexisting hidden attractors were generated in the chaotic circuit, which was of great significance in engineering applications.
Blockchain-based Multi-skill Mobile Crowdsourcing Services
Authors: XU Weize , Duan Hongyue , Huang Jie , Liu Deyong , Chen Yichao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the boom in 5G technology, mobile spatial crowdsourcing has shown great dynamism in industrial mobile communications and edge computing node management. But the traditional crowdsourcing system is not enough to adapt to the new environment. In traditional crowdsourcing, the crowdsourcing process is usually managed through a centralized crowdsourcing platform. The centralized crowdsourcing platform faces the following problems: 1) Single point of failure. 2) User privacy leakage. 3) Subjective arbitration. 4) Additional service fee. 5) The task assignment process is not transparent. To solve those problems, this paper uses a decentralized blockchain to replace the centralized crowdsourcing platform, thereby realizing a decentralized crowdsourcing system. And we analyzed the problems faced by multi-skilled spatial crowdsourcing tasks in the blockchain crowdsourcing system. In addition, a crowdsourcing task allocation algorithm is proposed, which realized the transparent task distribution process and adapts to the computing-constrained environment on the blockchain. Compared with the TSWCrowd blockchain-based crowdsourcing model, our system has a higher task allocation rate under the same conditions. And the experimental result shows our system has good economic feasibility, which decentralizes the crowdsourcing process and significantly reduces the additional consumption of the crowd-sourcing process.
Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic Portal Vein Ligation Prior to Major Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Yusheng , Wang Yan , Bao Shiyun , Wu Tianchong , Liu Linsen , Wang Yawei , An Tailai , Bi Jiangang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated to have an inadequate future liver remnant (FLR) on preoperative volumetric assessment are potential candidates for laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL). Previous studies have reported that for patients with hepatic malignancies, laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL) is efficient in increasing FLR, which, however, has not been solely reported in HCC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficiency of LPVL prior to major hepatectomy for patients with HCC. Methods: Clinical information of HCC patients who had undergone laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL) at our center was retrospectively reviewed and documented. Demographic, radiographic, clinical and volumetric details (both before and after LPVL) were retrieved to evaluate the feasibility and safety of LPVL prior to major hepatectomy for HCC. Results: Between April 2020 and December 2021, there were a total of 10 HCC patients undergoing LPVL as a preparation for subsequent major hepatectomy at our center. The mean age of these 10 patients was 61.30±8.83 years old. Of these 10 patients, 9 were male and only 1 was female. 9 patients underwent laparoscopic ligation of the right portal vein and one the left portal vein. All the patients, left or right portal veins were ligated by clips. After LPVL, the mean volume increased from 433.16±103.64 ml to 550.62±123.19 ml (P＜0.001）. All the 10 patients had adequate hypertrophy of FLR and subsequent major hepatectomy was performed as scheduled. No LPVL-associated complications were recorded. Conclusion: LPVL is both feasible and could be safely performed. For carefully selected patients, LPVL could be considered as a safe and feasible alternative to portal vein embolization (PVE) given the rather low complication rate and high efficiency of LPVL.
The Experience of Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair Following Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Funamizu Naotake , Mineta Sho , Ozaki Takahiro , Mishima Kohei , Igarashi Kazuharu , Omura Kenji , Takada Yasutsugu , Wakabayashi Go 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThere are no reports of robot-assisted laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (R-TAPP) for the patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). AimTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of R-TAPP in patients who underwent RALP for postprostatectomy inguinal hernia (PIH).MethodsThis is a prospective, single-center retrospective cohort study. R-TAPP was conducted in 74 consecutive patients from September 2016 to March 2020. Except for women and patients who underwent previous abdominal surgery, 70 patients were classified into two groups based on the absence or presence of PIH (PIH group or non-PIH group). The data were retrospectively compared to those who had not undergone RALP.ResultsSeventy patients were reviewed. Among them, 22.9% had previously undergone RALP. We identified 22 lesions in 16 patients (unilateral in 10; bilateral in 6) in the PIH group, and 67 lesions in 54 patients (unilateral in 41; bilateral in 13) in the non-PIH group. The PIH group showed a longer median operation time compared to the non-PIH group. However, postoperative complications—including seroma formation, hematoma, and surgical site infections—were not significantly different between the groups. There were no recorded vascular, bladder, or spermatic cord injuries in either group. There was no conversion to laparoscopic or open surgery in either group. The estimated blood loss was small, and hospitalization duration was one day in all cases. Moreover, there were no hernia recurrences within the 90-day follow-up period in either group.ConclusionR-TAPP seem to be a feasible and safe approach for inguinal hernia repair, even in patients who underwent RALP for prostate cancer.
Antibiotic dispensing practices during COVID-19 and implications for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Parallel mystery client studies in Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Olamijuwon Emmanuel , Konje Eveline , Kansiime Catherine , Kesby Mike , Keenan Katherine , Neema Stella , Asiimwe Benon , Mshana Stephen E. , Mushi Martha F. , Loza Olga , Sunday Benjamin , Sandeman Alison , Sloan Derek J. , Benitez-Paez Fernando , Mwanga Joseph R. , Sabiiti Wilber , Holden Matthew T. G. , Bazira Joel , Muhumuza Christine , Muhwezi Ivan , Fredricks Kathryn Jean 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Over-the-counter antibiotic access is common in low-and-middle-income countries, including Tanzania and Uganda, and this may accelerate antimicrobial resistance. Our study explores critical aspects of the drug seller-client interaction and antibiotic dispensing patterns for simulated COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic in two study sites in countries with different government responses to the pandemic.Methods: Research assistants posing as clients approached different types of drug sellers such as pharmacies (Pharms), drug shops (DSs), and accredited drug dispensing outlets (ADDOs) in Mwanza, Tanzania (nPharms= 415, nADDOs= 116) and Mbarara, Uganda (nPharms= 440, nDSs= 67), from June 10-July 30, 2021. The mystery clients (who held no prescription) sought advice for simulated COVID-19 symptoms from the drug sellers, documented the quality of their interaction with sellers and the type of drugs dispensed.Results: Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and vigilance to COVID-19 symptoms was low in both sites but significantly higher in Uganda than in Tanzania. A higher percentage of drug sellers in Mbarara (Pharms= 36%, DSs= 35%, p-value= 0.947) compared to Mwanza (Pharms= 9%, ADDOs= 4%, p-value= 0.112) identified the client’s symptoms as possibly COVID-19. More than three-quarters of drug sellers in both Mbarara (Pharms= 86%, DSs= 89%) and Mwanza (Pharms= 93%, ADDOs= 97%) sold prescription-only medicines without asking for a prescription. A relatively high percentage of drug sellers that sold prescription-only medicines in Mwanza (Pharms= 51%, ADDOs= 67%) compared to Mbarara (Pharms= 31%, DSs= 42%) sold a partial course without any objection. Among the drug sellers who sold antibiotics, more drug sellers in Mbarara (Pharms= 73%, DSs= 78%, p-value= 0.580) compared to Mwanza (Pharms= 40% ADDOs= 46%, p-value= 0.537) sold antibiotics relevant for treating secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients.Conclusion: Our study highlights low levels of awareness of and vigilance towards COVID-19 symptoms and widespread propensity to dispense prescription-only antibiotics without a prescription and to dispense partial doses of antibiotics. The implications of these for antimicrobial resistance are further discussed. Our study also highlights the need for more efforts to improve antibiotic stewardship among drug sellers in response to the current pandemic and to prepare them for future health emergencies.
Cost-effectiveness of strategies to control the spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in hospitals: A modelling study
Authors: Kardaś-Słoma Lidia , Fournier Sandra , Dupont Jean-Claude , Rochaix Lise , Birgand Gabriel , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Lescure François-Xavier , Kernéis Solen , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Lucet Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSpread of resistant bacteria causes severe morbidity and mortality. Stringent control measures can be expensive and disrupt hospital organization. In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of control strategies to prevent the spread of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in a general hospital ward (GW). MethodsA dynamic, stochastic model simulated the transmission of CPE by the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the environment in a hypothetical 25-bed GW. Input parameters were based on published data; we assumed the prevalence at admission of 0.1%. 12 strategies were compared to the baseline (no control) and combined different prevention and control interventions: targeted or universal screening at admission (TS or US), contact precautions (CP), isolation in a single room, dedicated nursing staff (DNS) for carriers and weekly screening of contact patients (WSC). Time horizon was one year. Outcomes were the number of CPE acquisitions, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER).A hospital perspective was adopted to estimate costs, which included laboratory costs, single room, contact precautions, staff time, i.e. infection control nurse and/or dedicated nursing staff, and lost bed-days due to prolonged hospital stay of identified carriers. The model was calibrated on actual datasets. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Results The baseline scenario resulted in 0.93 CPE acquisitions/1000 admissions and costs 32,050 €/1000 admissions. All control strategies increased costs and improved the outcome. The efficiency frontier was represented by: 1) TS with DNS at a 17,310 €/avoided CPE case, 2) TS + DNS + WSC at a 26,322 €/avoided CPE case and 3) US + DNS + WSC at 179,839 €/avoided CPE case. Other strategies were dominated. Sensitivity analyses showed that TS + CP might be cost-effective if CPE carriers are identified upon admission or if the cases have a short hospital stay. However, CP were effective only when high level of compliance with hand hygiene was obtained. Conclusions Targeted screening at admission combined with DNS for identified CPE carriers with or without weekly screening were the most cost-effective options to limit the spread of CPE. These results support current recommendations from several high-income countries.
Knowledge and Awareness towards Emergency Management of Dental Trauma among the Teachers in Primary Schools in Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ataya Jawdat M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective

The study aimed to assess teachers' knowledge in primary schools about the emergency management of dental trauma.
Material and methods

A cross-sectional study. A total of 560 teachers from different 28 primary schools in Damascus, Syria, participated in this study. The scale was adopted, where (1 mark) was given for correct answer, (0 marks) for answer I do not know, and (-1 mark) for wrong answer. Then, three levels of knowledge were considered. The Weak level was taken when the sum is less than one mark, the Intermediate level was taken when the sum is between two and four marks and finally and the Good level was taken when the sum is between 5 and 7.
Results

404 teachers (72.2%) were in the Weak Level, 139 teachers (24.8%) were in the Intermediate Level, 17 teachers (3%) were in the Good Level. There is no link between gender, age, years of teaching, type of school and having medical or dental first aid with knowledge levels.
Conclusion

Primary school teachers' knowledge about dental trauma within Damascus is deficient. This study highlighted the reality of knowledge of teachers in schools and will benefit decision-makers to design an educational course for dental trauma.
Functional Networks Trained by Optimization
Authors: Duarte Francisco Daniel Filip 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) gained much attention due to its capacity to mimic neural cells of living organisms which have intelligence. ANNs and some of its variations, have been applied in text and image recognition, among other applications, and are the basic building blocks of artificial intelligence (AI). A known problem, however, is the impossibility to extract the knowledge achieved by training. To solve this problem, a new neural network is hereby presented, called functional network (FN). This functional network differs from the ANNs basically by the fact that the sigmoid function can be substituted by any mathematical expression, that each functional neuron has multiple inputs and multiple function outputs, and that the trained information can be extracted in the form of a mathematical expression, denominated generative mathematical expression (GME).Although a moderate size FN may give a very large number of possible combinations, requiring very expensive computation efforts on training, recent developments in computation such as quantum computers indicate it increasingly becomes a viable alternative for large patterns and complex models. Thus, the GME of pattern representations can be extracted from a FN in order to simplify AI and numerical modeling tasks in general, such as finite element models (FEM) of structures, or computer fluid dynamic (CFD) models, decreasing overall computation costs.