bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microalgal photoautotrophic growth induces pH decrease in the aquatic environment by acidic metabolites secretion
Authors: Wu Mingcan , Wu Guimei , Lu Feimiao , Wang Hongxia , Lei Anping , Wang Jiangxin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Microalgae can absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, which causes the aquatic environmental pH to rise. However, the pH is reduced when microalga Euglena gracilis (EG) is cultivated under photoautotrophic conditions. The mechanism behind this unique phenomenon is not yet elucidated.

Results
The present study evaluated the growth of EG, compared to Chlorella vulgaris (CV), as the control group; analyzed the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the aquatic environment; finally revealed the mechanism of the decrease in the aquatic environmental pH via comparative metabolomics analysis. Although the CV cell density was 28.3-fold that of EG, the secreted-DOM content from EG cell was 49.8-fold that of CV (p-value < 0.001). The main component of EG’s DOM was rich in humic acids, which contained more DOM composed of chemical bonds such as N–H, O–H, C–H, C=O, C–O–C, and C–OH than that of CV. Essentially, the 24 candidate biomarkers metabolites secreted by EG into the aquatic environment were acidic substances, mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, and derivatives. Moreover, six potential critical secreted-metabolic pathways were identified.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that EG secreted acidic metabolites, resulting in decreased aquatic environmental pH. This study provides novel insights into a new understanding of the ecological niche of EG and the rule of pH change in the microalgae aquatic environment.
Health and economic effects on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the long run: predictions for the Chilean population
Authors: Espinoza Manuel Antonio , Abbott Tomas , Passi Alvaro , Balmaceda Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is associated to a high financial and disease burden, explaining a large proportion of expenditure of the health system in one year. The purpose of this study was to estimate long-term costs and health outcomes of recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes in Chile.

Methods
Cost and consequence study based on mathematical discrete event simulation (DES) model. We modelled expected costs (USD) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) from diagnosis to death (or the age of 95) of a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 incident cases, simulated based on the Chilean National Health Survey 2018. The incidence of twelve complications was estimated assuming the hazard functions provided by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. We explore heterogeneity across patients based on their baseline risk covariates and their impact on costs and QALYs.

Results
The expected cost and QALY of a recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patient in Chile were USD 8660 and 12.44 QALYs. Both costs and QALYs were independently determined by baseline risk and the patient's life expectancy from the diagnosis. Length of life since diagnosis showed the major impact on costs (5.2% increase for every additional year). Myocardial infarction was the most frequent complication (47.4%) and the most frequent cause of death.

Conclusion
Diabetes type 2 determines a significant expenditure of the health system and substantial health losses. Although the control of cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic control of the disease, both have an important impact on costs and outcomes, the main impact is achieved by postponing the age of onset of the disease.
Are emojis ready to promote the WHO 5 moments for hand hygiene in healthcare?
Authors: Lotfinejad Nasim , Tartari Ermira , Sauser Julien , Fankhauser-Rodriguez Carolina , Pires Daniela , Pittet Didier 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Hand hygiene is universally recognized as a cornerstone measure for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Although the WHO “My five Moments for hand hygiene” poster has been used for more than a decade to delineate hand hygiene indications and promote action, adherence levels among healthcare workers are still notoriously low and disquieting. To compensate for the lack of effective hand hygiene communication, we aimed to evaluate emojis as possible surrogates for the non-verbal aspects of hand hygiene behaviour.

Methods
Following a thorough review of the Unicode version 12.0, the most applicable emojis to the terms used in the WHO 5 Moments poster were extracted. We developed a self-administered questionnaire to assess the view of infection prevention and control (IPC) practitioners regarding the use of emojis to show the WHO 5 Moments. Completed questionnaires were collected and analysed to determine the suitability of the existing emojis to illustrate a unified emoji poster. Data were analysed using R (version 3.6.3).

Results
A total of 95 IPC practitioners completed the questionnaire from May to October 2019 from different countries. Of these, 69 (74%) were female, and the mean age of the participants was 44.6 ± 10.87 years. We found appropriate emojis for six of the words used in the poster, including
"Image missing"
for touching (72%),
"Image missing"
for patient (63%),
"Image missing"
for clean (53%),
"Image missing"
for procedure (56%),
"Image missing"
for body fluid (58%), and
"Image missing"
for exposure risk (71%). The existing emojis proposed for the words “hygiene”, “aseptic”, and “surrounding” seemed to be less satisfactory.

Conclusions
In summary, the findings of this study indicate that the existing emojis may not be able to substitute the words used in the WHO 5 Moments poster. Emojis might be helpful to address hand hygiene indications in healthcare that may eventually play a role in promoting this measure. However, emojis should be further studied to choose the most appropriate ones and avoid ambiguity and misinterpretation. More emojis to convey health related messages are needed. We recommend further research in this area to evaluate the effect of using emojis in healthcare-related behaviours.
Powdered cellulose microblasting: a useful technique for dry-cleaning the reverse side of canvas paintings
Authors: Bautista-Morenilla Iris , Ruiz-Recasens Cristina , Iglesias-Campos Manuel Ángel , Oriola-Folch Marta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of microblasting with powdered cellulose for the dry-cleaning of canvases. Various surface cleaning tests were conducted by microblasting on the reverse of canvas paintings and the results were compared to those obtained with traditional dry-cleaning techniques using erasers and sponges. To assess cleaning effectiveness and potential changes on the support, the treated surfaces were examined both before and after cleaning using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), confocal laser microscopy with surface roughness measurements, and spectrophotometry. The results from this comparative evaluation suggest that microblasting with powdered cellulose is a feasible technique for removing soiling on canvas and that it does not affect canvas structure or its topography. Furthermore, powdered cellulose leaves fewer particles of residues on the surface after cleaning, and these residues are chemically stable and compatible with the canvas support. Thus, the technique also avoids the potential negative long-term effects of eraser and sponge residues of particles that may remain on the canvas when these traditional systems are used.
Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials
Authors: Ríos Carlos , Du Qingyang , Zhang Yifei , Popescu Cosmin-Constantin , Shalaginov Mikhail Y. , Miller Paul , Roberts Christopher , Kang Myungkoo , Richardson Kathleen A. , Gu Tian , Vitale Steven A. , Hu Juejun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOptical phase shifters constitute the fundamental building blocks that enable programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs)—the cornerstone of on-chip classical and quantum optical technologies [1, 2]. Thus far, carrier modulation and thermo-optical effect are the chosen phenomena for ultrafast and low-loss phase shifters, respectively; however, the state and information they carry are lost once the power is turned off—they are volatile. The volatility not only compromises energy efficiency due to their demand for constant power supply, but also precludes them from emerging applications such as in-memory computing. To circumvent this limitation, we introduce a phase shifting mechanism that exploits the nonvolatile refractive index modulation upon structural phase transition of Sb2Se3, a bi-state transparent phase change material (PCM). A zero-static power and electrically-driven phase shifter is realized on a CMOS-backend silicon-on-insulator platform, featuring record phase modulation up to 0.09 π/µm and a low insertion loss of 0.3 dB/π, which can be further improved upon streamlined design. Furthermore, we demonstrate phase and extinction ratio trimming of ring resonators and pioneer a one-step partial amorphization scheme to enhance speed and energy efficiency of PCM devices. A diverse cohort of programmable photonic devices is demonstrated based on the ultra-compact PCM phase shifter.
The Acute Cytokine Response to 30-Minute Exercise Bouts Before and After 8-Week Endurance Training in Individuals With Obesity
Authors: Goj Thomas , Hoene Miriam , Fritsche Louise , Schneeweiss Patrick , Machann Jürgen , Petrera Agnese , Hauck Stefanie M , Fritsche Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L , Peter Andreas , Heni Martin , Niess Andreas M , Moller Anja , Weigert Cora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextOne acute bout of exercise leads to a rapid increase in the systemic cytokine concentration. Regular exercise might alter the cytokine response, in particular in beforehand untrained and obese individuals.ObjectiveUsing a proximity extension assay, we studied the effects of acute exercise as well as endurance training on a panel of 92 cytokines related to inflammation.MethodsA total of 22 individuals (30 ± 9 years; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 25.2 ± 4.2 mL/[kg × min]; body mass index [BMI] 31.7 ± 4.4) participated in an 8-week endurance exercise intervention. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after 30 minutes’ ergometer exercise at 80% VO2peak.ResultsBefore and after the training intervention, 40 and 37 cytokines, respectively, were acutely increased more than 1.2-fold (Benjamini-Hochberg [BH]-adjusted P &lt; .05). The exercise intervention did not change the acute increase in cytokines nor the resting cytokine levels, whereas fitness was improved and adiposity reduced. The increase in fitness led to a slight increase in power output when exercising at the same heart rate, which might explain the comparable increase in cytokines before and after the intervention. The largest acute increase was found for OSM, TGFA, CXCL1 and 5, and TNFSF14 (≥ 1.9-fold, BH-adjusted P &lt; .001). The transcript levels of these proteins in whole blood were also elevated, particularly in the trained state. Only the acute increase in IL6 (1.3-fold) was related to the increase in lactate, confirming the lactate-driven secretion of IL6.ConclusionOur comprehensive proteomics approach detected several underexplored serum exerkines with up to now less understood function in the adaptation to exercise.
Sprzeciw sumienia w zawodzie farmaceuty. Badanie opinii farmaceutów na temat klauzuli sumienia
Authors: Czekajewska Justyna , Langer Dominik , Baum Ewa 
Published: October 2022

Streszczenie
Klauzula sumienia została wprowadzona do obszaru prawnych regulacji międzynarodowych w związku z uchwałą Rady Europy o nr 1763 z dnia 7 października 2010 r. Zgodnie z treścią dokumentu istnieje przyzwolenie odstąpienia od wykonania określonego świadczenia medycznego ze względu na zastrzeżenia moralne (religijne lub światopoglądowe) zgłaszane przez przedstawicieli opieki zdrowotnej.
W przepisach polskiego prawa medycznego powołanie się na zasadę klauzuli sumienia jest dozwolone, ale wyłącznie dla lekarzy, pielęgniarek i położnych. Farmaceuci są pozbawieni tej możliwości. Jednak wykonywanie niektórych czynności zawodowych budzi zastrzeżenia etyczne wśród farmaceutów. Autorzy artykułu postanowili zbadać opinię farmaceutów zarówno na temat klauzuli sumienia oraz określonych regulacji prawnych, które zdaniem respondentów powinny podlegać zmianom legislacyjnym.
Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie wyników z przeprowadzonych badań, które zostały zrealizowane w 2020 r. na terenie Wielkopolskiej Okręgowej Izby Farmaceutycznej w Poznaniu.

Słowa kluczowe: wolność sumienia i wyznania, klauzula sumienia, farmacja, antykoncepcja, Polska
Distance-Based Service Priority: An Innovative Mechanism to Increase System Throughput and Social Welfare
Authors: Wang Zhongbin , Cui Shiliang , Fang Lei 
Published: October 2022

Problem definition: The main goal of many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations is to increase the number of customers who receive service (i.e., service coverage) and social welfare. However, the limited number of employees, volunteers, and service locations results in long service wait. In addition, getting customers living in remote areas to receive services by traveling long distances is difficult. We propose an innovative distance-based service priority policy that would reduce the service waiting time for customers who must travel farther for the service by giving them higher service priority, thereby providing them with a new incentive to seek service. Methodology/results: Using a game-theoretic queueing model, we show that the proposed policy can significantly attract more customers to a service. The increase can be up to 50% compared with the ordinary first-come-first-served service discipline. The policy can also achieve higher social welfare, however, that may come at the cost of reduced customer welfare. We therefore propose a possible remedy for a social planner to coordinate welfare under such circumstance. It ensures all stakeholders, including the service provider, customers, and society, can benefit from the policy at the same time. Finally, we compare our distance-based service priority policy with two existing strategies from the literature—namely, the price discrimination strategy and the probabilistic priority strategy. Managerial implications: Our proposed policy can play a pivotal role in a nonprofit service provider’s mission to increase service coverage and social welfare, especially when customers’ travel costs to obtain service are significant. Furthermore, our policy may create fewer implementation and fairness concerns compared with related strategies. Funding: Z. Wang acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72001118 and 72132007], and L. Fang acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72271129]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1157 .
Transportation Origin-Destination Demand Estimation with Quasi-Sparsity
Authors: Wang Jingxing , Lu Shu , Liu Hongsheng , Ban Xuegang (Jeff) 
Published: October 2022

Origin-destination (OD) demands for a city or a region are essential input to many transportation applications. For a real-world transportation network, the OD demand matrix may present certain quasi-sparsity property, that is, most OD pairs have small demands, whereas only a small portion of OD pairs have large demands. In this paper, we formally define quasi-sparsity and propose a quasi-sparsity–based OD (QSOD) estimation framework to explore such a property for OD demand estimation. We study two QSOD models, that is, the fixed-mapping QSOD model and the bilevel QSOD model, by applying the compressed sensing technique. We theoretically and numerically show that under certain conditions the estimated OD matrix shares the same quasi-sparsity feature with the prior OD matrix, and the estimated demands of most OD pairs (of a large-size network) will be equal to either their prior values or zeros (or a very small value). Results show that the QSOD framework has the capability in keeping OD quasi-sparsity consistency and is computationally less demanding compared with existing methods. The practical implications of the QSOD framework are also discussed. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CMMI-1825053 and DMS-1814894]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1178 .
Characterization of nanosecond laser-induced underwater filamentation using acoustic measurements
Authors: Yellaiah J. 
Published: October 2022

This investigation aims to understand the temporal and spectral characteristics of underwater acoustic impulses due to

∼

10

n
s

laser-induced filamentation at various incident laser energies. In addition to the experimental study, finite element analysis (FEA) has been used in conjunction with experimentally acquired data to simulate and visualize acoustic impulse propagation and interaction across the water–rigid boundary. In the time domain, the increase in the underwater filament length is measured by the peak-to-peak (

P

k

−

P

k

) overpressures as a function of input laser energies. The

P

k

−

P

k

overpressures are maximum around the focal plane and are symmetrical on either side. This variation in the

P

k

−

P

k

overpressure is traced to characterize the spatial extent of the underwater filament. The arrival time of underwater acoustic impulse varies within the 8–9 µs for input laser energies. It was observed that with increasing laser beam power, the conversion efficiency of the acoustic impulse decreases, and the underwater filament length increases. In the frequency domain, with increasing input laser energy, the peak frequency of the underwater acoustic impulse shifts toward the lower frequencies. Using FEA, the short-time Fourier transform spectrogram simultaneously visualizes the arrival time and instantaneous frequency of the simulated acoustic impulse. The simulated acoustic impulse produced a single instantaneous peak frequency of around 76 kHz. Upon reflection from the water–rigid boundary, we observed that the reflected signal also has a single instantaneous peak frequency of around 76 kHz, while higher-frequency components are completely dissipated. Our results are promising for the development of remote laser-based acoustic generation and sensing applications.
Directly diode-pumped femtosecond Cr:ZnS amplifier with ultra-low intensity noise
Authors: Qu Shizhen , Paudel Arun , Sebesta Aleksandar , Steinleitner Philipp , Nagl Nathalie , Poetzlberger Markus , Pervak Vladimir , Mak Ka Fai , Weigel Alexander 
Published: October 2022

Diode-pumped Cr:ZnS oscillators have emerged as precursors for single-cycle infrared pulse generation with excellent noise performance. Here we demonstrate a Cr:ZnS amplifier with direct diode-pumping to boost the output of an ultrafast Cr:ZnS oscillator with minimum added intensity noise. Seeded with a 0.66-W pulse train at 50-MHz repetition rate and 2.4 µm center wavelength, the amplifier provides over 2.2 W of 35-fs pulses. Due to the low-noise performance of the laser pump diodes in the relevant frequency range, the amplifier output achieves a root mean square (RMS) intensity noise level of only 0.03% in the 10 Hz–1 MHz frequency range and a long-term power stability of 0.13% RMS over one hour. The diode-pumped amplifier reported here is a promising driving source for nonlinear compression to the single- or sub-cycle regime, as well as for the generation of bright, multi-octave-spanning mid-infrared pulses for ultra-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy.
Characteristics of psychosocial interventions to improve ART adherence in people living with HIV: A systematic review
Authors: Costa-Cordella Stefanella , Rossi Alejandra , Grasso-Cladera Aitana , Duarte Javiera , Cortes Claudia P. 
Published: October 2022

The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a significant global public health crisis. The main HIV/AIDS treatment is the antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is highly effective but depends on the patient’s adherence to be successful. However, the adherence to antiretroviral therapy remains unsatisfactory across different populations, which raises considerable difficulties at both individual and collective levels. Suboptimal adherence to ART can be overcome through multidisciplinary management that includes evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Existing reviews on these interventions have focused mainly on studies with experimental designs, overlooking valuable interventions whose evidence comes from different study designs. Here, we aimed to carry out a comprehensive review of the current research on psychosocial interventions for ART adherence and their characteristics including studies with different designs. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We searched five databases (Pubmed, EBSCO, LILACS, WoS and SCIELO) for articles reporting a psychosocial intervention to improve treatment adherence for people living with HIV (adults). The quality of each study was analyzed with standardized tools, and data were summarized using a narrative synthesis method. Twenty-three articles were identified for inclusion, and they demonstrated good to fair quality. Individual counseling was the most frequent intervention, followed by SMS reminders, education, and group support. Most interventions combined different strategies and self-efficacy was the most common underlying theoretical framework. This review provides insight into the main characteristics of current psychosocial interventions designed to improve ART treatment adherence.
PROSPERO number: CRD42021252449.
Leptospira enrichment culture followed by ONT metagenomic sequencing allows better detection of Leptospira presence and diversity in water and soil samples
Authors: Gorman Myranda , Xu Ruijie , Prakoso Dhani , Salvador Liliana C. M. , Rajeev Sreekumari 
Published: October 2022

Background
Leptospirosis, a life-threatening disease in humans and animals, is one of the most widespread global zoonosis. Contaminated soil and water are the major transmission sources in humans and animals. Clusters of disease outbreaks are common during rainy seasons.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this study, to detect the presence of Leptospira, we applied PCR, direct metagenomic sequencing, and enrichment culture followed by PCR and metagenomic sequencing on water and soil samples. Direct sequencing and enrichment cultures followed by PCR or sequencing effectively detected pathogenic and nonpathogenic Leptospira compared to direct PCR and 16S amplification-based metagenomic sequencing in soil or water samples. Among multiple culture media evaluated, Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) media containing antimicrobial agents was superior in recovering and detecting Leptospira from the environmental samples. Our results show that enrichment culture followed by PCR can be used to confirm the presence of pathogenic Leptospira in environmental samples. Additionally, metagenomic sequencing on enrichment cultures effectively detects the abundance and diversity of Leptospira spp. from environmental samples.

Conclusions/Significance
The selection of methodology is critical when testing environmental samples for the presence of Leptospira. Selective enrichment culture improves Leptospira detection efficacy by PCR or metagenomic sequencing and can be used successfully to understand the presence and diversity of pathogenic Leptospira during environmental surveillance.