bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic differences in willingness to share electronic health records in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Joseph Christine L M , Tang Amy , Chesla David W , Epstein Mara M , Pawloski Pamala A , Stevens Alan B , Waring Stephen C , Ahmedani Brian K , Johnson Christine C , Peltz-Rauchman Cathryn D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
Participant willingness to share electronic health record (EHR) information is central to success of the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program (AoURP). We describe the demographic characteristics of participants who decline access to their EHR data.

Materials and Methods
We included participants enrolling in AoURP between June 6, 2017 and December 31, 2019 through the Trans-American Consortium for the Health Care Systems Research Network (TACH). TACH is a consortium of health care systems spanning 6 states, and an AoURP research partner.

Results
We analyzed data for 25 852 participants (89.3% of those enrolled). Mean age = 52.0 years (SD 16.8), with 66.5% White, 18.7% Black/African American, 7.7% Hispanic, 32.5% female, and 76% with &gt;a high school diploma. Overall, 2.3% of participants declined to share access to their EHR data (range across TACH sites = 1.3% to 3.5%). Younger age, female sex, and education &gt;high school were significantly associated with decline to share EHR data, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.26 (1.19–1.33), 1.74 (1.42–2.14), and 2.44 (1.86–3.21), respectively. Results were similar when several sensitivity analyses were performed.

Discussion
AoURP seeks a dataset reflecting our nation’s diversity in all aspects of participation. Those under-represented in biomedical research may be reluctant to share access to their EHR data.

Conclusion
In our data, race and ethnicity were not independently related to participant decision to decline access to their EHR information. Results suggest that the value of the AoURP dataset is unlikely to be constrained by the size or the racial/ethnic composition of this subgroup.
A research agenda to support the development and implementation of genomics-based clinical informatics tools and resources
Authors: Wiley Ken , Findley Laura , Goldrich Madison , Rakhra-Burris Tejinder K , Stevens Ana , Williams Pamela , Bult Carol J , Chisholm Rex , Deverka Patricia , Ginsburg Geoffrey S , Green Eric D , Jarvik Gail , Mensah George A , Ramos Erin , Relling Mary V , Roden Dan M , Rowley Robb , Alterovitz Gil , Aronson Samuel , Bastarache Lisa , Cimino James J , Crowgey Erin L , Del Fiol Guilherme , Freimuth Robert R , Hoffman Mark A , Jeff Janina , Johnson Kevin , Kawamoto Kensaku , Madhavan Subha , Mendonca Eneida A , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Pratap Siddharth , Taylor Casey Overby , Ritchie Marylyn D , Walton Nephi , Weng Chunhua , Zayas-Cabán Teresa , Manolio Teri A , Williams Marc S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The Genomic Medicine Working Group of the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research virtually hosted its 13th genomic medicine meeting titled “Developing a Clinical Genomic Informatics Research Agenda”. The meeting’s goal was to articulate a research strategy to develop Genomics-based Clinical Informatics Tools and Resources (GCIT) to improve the detection, treatment, and reporting of genetic disorders in clinical settings.

Materials and Methods
Experts from government agencies, the private sector, and academia in genomic medicine and clinical informatics were invited to address the meeting's goals. Invitees were also asked to complete a survey to assess important considerations needed to develop a genomic-based clinical informatics research strategy.

Results
Outcomes from the meeting included identifying short-term research needs, such as designing and implementing standards-based interfaces between laboratory information systems and electronic health records, as well as long-term projects, such as identifying and addressing barriers related to the establishment and implementation of genomic data exchange systems that, in turn, the research community could help address.

Discussion
Discussions centered on identifying gaps and barriers that impede the use of GCIT in genomic medicine. Emergent themes from the meeting included developing an implementation science framework, defining a value proposition for all stakeholders, fostering engagement with patients and partners to develop applications under patient control, promoting the use of relevant clinical workflows in research, and lowering related barriers to regulatory processes. Another key theme was recognizing pervasive biases in data and information systems, algorithms, access, value, and knowledge repositories and identifying ways to resolve them.
Use of unstructured text in prognostic clinical prediction models: a systematic review
Authors: Seinen Tom M , Fridgeirsson Egill A , Ioannou Solomon , Jeannetot Daniel , John Luis H , Kors Jan A , Markus Aniek F , Pera Victor , Rekkas Alexandros , Williams Ross D , Yang Cynthia , van Mulligen Erik M , Rijnbeek Peter R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review aims to assess how information from unstructured text is used to develop and validate clinical prognostic prediction models. We summarize the prediction problems and methodological landscape and determine whether using text data in addition to more commonly used structured data improves the prediction performance.

Materials and Methods
We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify studies that developed prognostic prediction models using information extracted from unstructured text in a data-driven manner, published in the period from January 2005 to March 2021. Data items were extracted, analyzed, and a meta-analysis of the model performance was carried out to assess the added value of text to structured-data models.

Results
We identified 126 studies that described 145 clinical prediction problems. Combining text and structured data improved model performance, compared with using only text or only structured data. In these studies, a wide variety of dense and sparse numeric text representations were combined with both deep learning and more traditional machine learning methods. External validation, public availability, and attention for the explainability of the developed models were limited.

Conclusion
The use of unstructured text in the development of prognostic prediction models has been found beneficial in addition to structured data in most studies. The text data are source of valuable information for prediction model development and should not be neglected. We suggest a future focus on explainability and external validation of the developed models, promoting robust and trustworthy prediction models in clinical practice.
Identification of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the porcine SLC6A4 gene associated with aggressive behavior in weaned pigs after mixing
Authors: Guo Yanli , Zhao Jing , Xu Qinglei , Gao Siyuan , Liu Mingzheng , Zhang Chunlei , Schinckel Allan P , Zhou Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Variation in genes of the serotonergic system influences aggressive behavior by affecting serotonin levels in the central and cortical nervous system. SLC6A4 (serotonin transporter) is a master regulator of 5-HT signaling and involved in the regulation of aggressive behavior in humans and rodents. To identify potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the porcine SLC6A4 gene associated with aggressive behavior, a total of 500 pigs (268 barrows and 232 gilts) were selected and mixed in 51 pens. Their behavior was recorded and observed for 72 h after mixing. Based on a composite aggressive score (CAS), the most aggressive and the least aggressive pigs within each pen were selected separately (a total of 204 pigs). Ear tissue was sampled to extract genomic DNA. Eight SNPs in the 5ʹ-flanking region, coding region, and 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR) of SLC6A4 were genotyped, of which 6 SNPs had significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) in allele frequency between the most aggressive and least aggressive pigs. Luciferase activity was greater in plasmids of genotype GG than plasmids of genotype CC of rs345058216 (P &lt; 0.01). Computational analysis nominated MAZ as putative transcription factor (TF) with higher probability to bind the SLC6A4 promoter at the SNP (rs345058216) site. Also, we demonstrated that MAZ overexpression modulates SLC6A4 promoter activity in allele-specific manner with an in vitro assay. In addition, we demonstrated that SLC6A4 was a direct target of miR-671-5p. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay and cell transfection were performed to examine the role of miR-671-5p in regulating SLC6A4 expression. The luciferase assays revealed that the SNP rs332335871 affects regulation of miR-671-5p in SLC6A4 expression. After overexpression of miR-671-5p in porcine primary neural cells, the SLC6A4 mRNA levels can be significantly reduced. In conclusion, we here found that miR-671-5p and MAZ mediated porcine SLC6A4 expression level, which provides the possible molecular mechanism of aggressive behavior.
ASAS-NANP Symposium: Mathematical Modeling in Animal Nutrition: Limitations and potential next steps for modeling and modelers in the animal sciences
Authors: Jacobs Marc , Remus Aline , Gaillard Charlotte , Menendez Hector M , Tedeschi Luis O , Neethirajan Suresh , Ellis Jennifer L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The field of animal science, and especially animal nutrition, relies heavily on modeling to accomplish its day-to-day objectives. New data streams (“big data”) and the exponential increase in computing power have allowed the appearance of “new” modeling methodologies, under the umbrella of artificial intelligence (AI). However, many of these modeling methodologies have been around for decades. According to Gartner, technological innovation follows five distinct phases: technology trigger, peak of inflated expectations, trough of disillusionment, slope of enlightenment, and plateau of productivity. The appearance of AI certainly elicited much hype within agriculture leading to overpromised plug-and-play solutions in a field heavily dependent on custom solutions. The threat of failure can become real when advertising a disruptive innovation as sustainable. This does not mean that we need to abandon AI models. What is most necessary is to demystify the field and place a lesser emphasis on the technology and more on business application. As AI becomes increasingly more powerful and applications start to diverge, new research fields are introduced, and opportunities arise to combine “old” and “new” modeling technologies into hybrids. However, sustainable application is still many years away, and companies and universities alike do well to remain at the forefront. This requires investment in hardware, software, and analytical talent. It also requires a strong connection to the outside world to test, that which does, and does not work in practice and a close view of when the field of agriculture is ready to take its next big steps. Other research fields, such as engineering and automotive, have shown that the application power of AI can be far reaching but only if a realistic view of models as whole is maintained. In this review, we share our view on the current and future limitations of modeling and potential next steps for modelers in the animal sciences. First, we discuss the inherent dependencies and limitations of modeling as a human process. Then, we highlight how models, fueled by AI, can play an enhanced sustainable role in the animal sciences ecosystem. Lastly, we provide recommendations for future animal scientists on how to support themselves, the farmers, and their field, considering the opportunities and challenges the technological innovation brings.
Mineral-salt supplementation to ameliorate larkspur poisoning in cattle
Authors: Stonecipher Clinton A , Green Ben T , Welch Kevin D , Gardner Dale R , Fritz Scott A , Cook Daniel , Pfister James A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are native forbs that are poisonous to cattle and cost livestock producers millions of dollars in losses each year. Macro and micro minerals are required for normal functioning of essentially all metabolic processes in ruminants. The role that mineral status may play in larkspur poisoning in cattle is not clear. In this study, we seek to determine the effects a mineral-salt supplement, commonly used by cattle producers, to potentially reduce cattle losses to larkspur. The ability of mineral-salt supplementation to alter susceptibility to larkspur toxicosis was evaluated in a pen study. Animals supplemented with mineral-salt were found to be less susceptible to larkspur poisoning than the non-supplemented animals. A separate group of animals were then grazed on larkspur infested rangelands. One group was supplemented with a mineral-salt mix and the other group did not receive any mineral-salt. Supplementing cattle with the mineral-salt mix did not alter larkspur consumption (P &gt; 0.05). However, overall larkspur consumption was low and averaged 3 ± 1.0% and 2 ± 1.1% for cattle supplemented with mineral and non-supplemented, respectively. Serum was collected from animals once a week during the grazing study. Average and maximum serum concentrations of toxic larkspur alkaloids were numerically higher in mineral-salt supplemented cattle compared with the non-supplemented animals. Results from the pen study suggest that a good mineral supplementation program will provide a protective effect for animals grazing in larkspur-infested ranges. The mineral-salt supplemented steers, in the grazing study, were not observed to consume less larkspur than the non-supplemented animals; however, the mineral-salt supplemented animals had higher concentrations of larkspur alkaloids in their serum indicating they may be able to tolerate higher larkspur consumption. The data also indicate that mineral-salt supplementation must be continuous throughout the time the animals are grazing these rangelands as the positive effects can be lost within 30 d post supplementation.
Effects of salinity on the absorption and elimination of residues of the fungicide ridomil in Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: Li Jiehang , Zheng Ruizhou , Hu Kun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explored the pharmacokinetics of the antimicrobial agent ridomil in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) under different salinity conditions. The concentration of ridomil in hemolymph, liver, and muscle of individuals soaked in ridomil in fresh water and brackish water with a salinity of 3‰ was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hemolymph was in line with the first-order absorption, two-compartment open model, and the liver and muscles were in line with the first-order absorption, one-compartment open model. The maximum concentration(Cmax) in the hemolymph in fresh and brackish-water groups were 296 mg l–1 and 452 mg l–1, respectively. The maximum time (Tmax) of hemolymph in the fresh and brackish-water groups were 8h and 24h, respectively. The Cmax in liver and muscle in the freshwater group were 4,125 mg l–1 and 2,702 mg l–1, respectively, and 2,362 mg l–1 and 2,274 mg l–1, respectively, in the brackish-water group. The Tmax of liver and muscle in the freshwater group were 0.25 h and 18 h, respectively, 36 h and 24 h, respectively, in the brackish-water group. Results indicate that the concentration of ridomil in the hemolymph was lower in the freshwater group than that in the brackish-water group, but the concentration in liver and muscle tissues in the freshwater group was higher than that in the brackish-water group. Salinity can therefore affect the drug absorption rate of ridomil in the hemolymph of Procambarus clarkii.
Seismic analysis and optimization of concrete bridge under the moving train utilizing numerical methods and adaptive improved harmony search algorithm
Authors: Kalashemi Sajad Haghdadi , Bidgoli Mahmood Rabani , Mazaheri Hamid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the simultaneous actions of moving force and seismic load on the dynamic displacement and optimization of the concrete bridge are studied. The sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory is employed for the modelling of the concrete bridge mathematically. The structural damping of the concrete bridge is assumed by the Kelvin–Voigt theory. Utilizing the method of energy and Hamilton’s law, the equations of motion are obtained. Three mixed numerical methods, including the integral quadrature, harmonic differential quadrature method, and Newmark technique, are presented for the numerical outcomes of the differential equations. Utilizing adaptive improved harmony search, improved harmony search, harmony search, and global harmony search algorithms, the optimization process of the concrete bridge is examined. The mentioned algorithm is improved adaptively by utilizing dynamic deflection. The harmony memory is corrected at first and second adjustments, respectively, based on emotional bandwidth and step size randomly. The optimum conditions of the concrete bridge are evaluated with various harmony existing search methods. The role of multiple parameters, including the velocity and acceleration of moving load, length and thickness of bridge, boundary conditions, and the amplitude of carrying load, in the dynamic displacement of the bridge is studied. The numerical results indicate that with increasing the velocity and acceleration of the moving train, the dynamic displacement of the concrete bridge increases. In addition, with increasing the length of the bridge, the time of maximum deflection (i.e. when the train is in the middle of the bridge) is increased. It is concluded for the concrete bridge under the seismic load that the optimum values of the bridge’s length and thickness are decreased (about 24%) and increased (about 21%), respectively. The optimum values of amplitude, velocity, and acceleration of moving train are decreased, respectively, about 34%, 33%, and 29% in the case of the concrete bridge under the earthquake load. In addition, the optimum length of the concrete bridge is decreased significantly, with increasing the moving load amplitude, velocity, and acceleration.
Repatriating Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Their Family Members: What International Law Requires, and What National Courts Will Do
Authors: McKeever David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The evolution of ISIL and the foreign terrorist fighter phenomenon has raised many legal and practical challenges. Some of the most pressing and debated relate to the thousands of men, women and children, previously affiliated (to varying degrees) to ISIL and now held in camps in northern Syria. The call for repatriation of these persons has met mixed responses. Much of the debate has focused on policy considerations rather than examining, in depth, what international law prescribes here: that is, to what extent does international law oblige the States of origin to repatriate their nationals? This article will answer this question, looking at relevant rules of human rights law (including the emerging ‘functional approach’ to extra-territorial jurisdiction) as well as international humanitarian law. It will also examine an important principle of domestic law which is likely to play a major role in how these issues are adjudicated: namely, judicial deference to the executive in matters of foreign policy. The article argues that the international legal rules invoked in favour of an obligation to repatriate are far less prescriptive than generally asserted, while the principle of judicial deference to the executive in matters of foreign policy—particularly in cases involving national security considerations—means that national courts are likely to give States yet further latitude in this regard. For both legal and practical reasons, actions aimed at convincing national courts that a State is obliged to repatriate its nationals will not suffice to resolve these complex challenges.
A Case Study on Tropical Bed Bug,Cimex hemipterus(Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Infestation and Management in Dormitories
Authors: Kong Delong , Han Dongliang , Zhai Ruyue , Wang Changlu , Zhang Jingsheng , Xia Yanwei , Nian Xiaoge , Liu Chaofeng , He Yurong , Wang Desen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerous bed bug research papers have been published in the past 20 yr as a result of bed bug (Cimex spp.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) resurgence in the world. Yet, few of them focused on the management of the tropical bed bug, C. hemipterus (F.). Here, we describe a case of tropical bed bug infestation in two dormitory buildings and effectiveness of a tropical bed bug treatment program. The study site consisted of 125 dormitories in two buildings. An initial building-wide monitoring with ClimbUp interceptors revealed 25 infestations. The spatial distribution of bed bug infested rooms showed a significant aggregated distribution pattern with same infestation status for neighboring units sharing walls. All infested rooms were monitored every 2 wk and treated using a combination of steam and diatomaceous earth (DE) dust application if bed bugs were still found. For the 25 initially identified infested rooms, after 14 wk treatment, 44% of them no longer had bed bugs, and the mean number of bed bugs captured per room decreased by 94.1%. A combination of steam and DE dust treatment is an effective strategy for suppressing tropical bed bug infestations in dormitory environment.
Efficacy of Various Low Temperature and Exposure Time Combinations for Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Larvae
Authors: Moore Sean D , Peyper Mellissa , Kirkman Wayne , Marsberg Tamryn , Albertyn Sonnica , Stephen Peter R , Thackeray Sean R , Grout Tim G , Sharp Gary , Sutton Guy , Hattingh Vaughan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A systems approach was developed as an alternative to a standalone quarantine disinfestation treatment for Thaumatotibia leucotreta in citrus fruit exported from South Africa. The systems approach consists of three measures: pre and postharvest controls and measurements, postpacking inspection, and postharvest exposure to low temperatures. Different cold treatment conditions with a range of efficacy levels can be used for this last measure. A series of trials reported here evaluated the efficacy of seven temperatures ranging from 0 to 5°C for durations from 14 d to 26 d. Mortality of the most cold-tolerant larval stages of T. leucotreta was determined. Temperatures of 0, 1, 2, and 3°C for 16, 19, 20, and 24 d respectively, induced 100% mortality of the tested populations. Probit 9 level treatment efficacy was achieved at 0 and 1°C for 16 and 19 d respectively. Mortalities higher than 90% were obtained with temperatures of 4, 4.5, and 5°C, after exposure for the longer durations. We demonstrated a significant difference in cold-induced insecticidal efficacy between 1, 2, 3, and 4°C. There was no significant difference in insecticidal efficacy between 4 and 4.5°C, but both of these temperatures were more efficacious than 5°C. The results of this study are valuable to support the use of cold treatment conditions with lower risk of fruit chilling injury in an effective systems approach, where the cold treatment efficacy can be augmented with other components of the systems approach.