bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locking plate osteosynthesis of scaphoid nonunion with severe bone defects: a case series
Authors: Welle Kristian , Taeger Stefan , Prangenberg Christian , Hackenberg Roslind Karolina , Kieback Jan-Dirk , Kabir Koroush 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe treatment of scaphoid nonunion can be challenging with increasing defect size. We evaluated the outcome of scaphoid nonunion with a substantial bone defect treated with a multidirectional locking plate combined with cancellous bone grafting only. Thirteen patients with significant osseous defects measuring 6 mm or more suffering from primary nonunion without treatment (n = 6) or recalcitrant nonunion following Herbert screw osteosynthesis (n = 7) were treated and reviewed retrospectively. The stabilization was performed after debridement, autologous cancellous bone grafting and volar locking plate osteosynthesis. After a mean follow-up period of 12 months, 12 of the 13 patients achieved successful unions with a free range of motion and complete remittance of pain in everyday activity. The mean scapholunate angle decreased from 59.7° ± 11 to 43.9° ± 5 (effect strength d:1.7, p < 0.00001), scaphoid humpback deformity angle from 58.9° ± 8 to 45.1° ± 8 (d:1.8, p < 0.0001), whereas strength of the injured hand increased from 36.4 kg ± 10 to 42.4 kg ± 9 (d:1.4, p < 0.0001). One nonunion persisted without fragment dislocation receiving revision after 1 year. Thus, locking plate osteosynthesis with cancellous bone grafting is a valid alternative in scaphoid nonunions with extensive bone defects. Additionally, stable retention of the fragments prevents dislocation even in delayed or persistent nonunion. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Distribution of invasive versus native whitefly species and their pyrethroid knock-down resistance allele in a context of interspecific hybridization
Authors: Taquet Alizée , Jourdan-Pineau Hélène , Simiand Christophe , Grondin Martial , Barrès Benoit , Delatte Hélène 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe invasion success of a species in an agrosystem is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as the use of insecticides, by the intrinsic evolutionary capabilities of the species, and also by interactions with resident species. On the island of La Réunion, the successive invasions of MEAM1 and MED whitefly species over the last 20 years have not only led an increased use of insecticides, but have also challenged the resident IO species. To trace the evolution of the 3 species, and the distribution of the kdr mutation (resistance to pyrethroid) in the para-type voltage-gated sodium channel, we genotyped 41 populations (using neutral nuclear markers) and look at the prevalence of the kdr allele. MEAM1 was predominantly present in agrosystems showing quasi fixation of the resistant kdr allele whereas IO was mainly in natural environments and did not have any resistant allele. Hybridization between the two former species was detected in low frequency but has not led to introgression of resistant alleles in the resident species so far. MED showed a limited distribution in agrosystems but all individuals displayed a resistant allele. These highly contrasting patterns of distribution and resistant mutations between invasive and resident whitefly species are further discussed.
Association of short-term particulate matter exposure with suicide death among major depressive disorder patients: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis
Authors: Hwang In Young , Choi Daein , Kim Jihoon Andrew , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Goo Ae Jin , Ko Ahryoung , Lee Gyeongsil , Kim Kyae Hyung , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence that suggests a potential association between particulate matter (PM) and suicide. However, it is unclear that PM exposure and suicide death among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, a high-risk group for suicide. We aimed to assess the effect of short-term exposure to PM on the risk of suicide in MDD patients who are at high risk for suicide. We investigated the risk of suicide among 922,062 newly-diagnosed MDD patients from 2004 to 2017 within the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. We identified 3,051 suicide cases from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, within the death statistics database of the Korean National Statistical Office. PMs with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), less than 10 μm (PM10), and 2.5–10 μm (PM2.5–10) were considered, which were provided from the National Ambient Air Monitoring System in South Korea. Time-stratified case-crossover analysis was performed to investigate the association of particulate matter exposure to suicide events. The risk of suicide was significantly high upon the high level of exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5–10 (coarse particle) and PM10 on lag 1 (p for trend < 0.05). Short-term exposure to a high level of PM was associated with an elevated risk for suicide among MDD patients. There is a clear dose–response relationship between short-term PM exposures with suicide death among MDD patients. This result will be used as an essential basis for consideration when establishing an air pollution alarm system for reducing adverse health outcomes by PM.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 inhibits root-knot nematode on watermelon by modifying the rhizosphere microbial community
Authors: Liu Minmin , Philp Joshua , Wang Yilian , Hu Jindong , Wei Yanli , Li Jishun , Ryder Maarten , Toh Ruey , Zhou Yi , Denton Matthew D. , Wu Yuanzheng , Yang Hetong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBurkholderia vietnamiensis B418 is a multifunctional plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing capability which can be employed for root-knot nematode (RKN) management on various crops and vegetables. Here we investigated the control efficacy of B. vietnamiensis B418 inoculation against RKN on watermelon, applied either alone or combined with nematicides fosthiazate or avermectin, and their effects on bacterial and fungal microbiomes in rhizosphere soil. The results of field experiments showed individual application of B418 displayed the highest control efficacy against RKN by 71.15%. The combinations with fosthiazate and avermectin exhibited slight incompatibility with lower inhibitory effects of 62.71% and 67.87%, respectively, which were still notably higher than these nematicides applied separately. Analysis of microbiome assemblages revealed B418 inoculation resulted in a slight reduction for bacterial community and a significant increment for fungal community, suggesting that B418 could compete with other bacteria and stimulate fungal diversity in rhizosphere. The relative abundance of Xanthomonadales, Gemmatimonadales and Sphingomonadales increased while that of Actinomycetales reduced with B418 inoculation. The predominate Sordariomycetes of fungal community decreased dramatically in control treatment with B418 inoculation whereas there were increments in fosthiazate and avermectin treatments. Additionally, nitrogen (N) cycling by soil microbes was estimated by quantifying the abundance of microbial functional genes involved in N-transformation processes as B418 has the capability of N-fixation. The copy number of N-fixing gene nifH increased with B418 inoculation, and the highest increment reached 35.66% in control treatment. Our results demonstrate that B. vietnamiensis B418 is an effective biological nematicide for nematode management, which acts through the modulation of rhizosphere microbial community.
Remineralisation capability of silver diamine fluoride in artificial enamel lesions on smooth surfaces using quantitative light-induced fluorescence measurements in-vitro
Authors: Heukamp J. , Korbmacher-Steiner H. , Schmidt S. , Neumann C. M. , Bottenberg P. , Jablonski-Momeni A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnamel demineralisation can develop on smooth surfaces as an undesirable side effect during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 38% silver diamine fluoride in remineralisation (as estimated by fluorescence gain) of artificial initial lesions in smooth surfaces of human enamel. The smooth surfaces of 50 human tooth samples were artificially demineralised and 45 samples were allocated randomly into three groups receiving a single treatment with a varnish: group I: Riva Star (silver diamine fluoride, SDF), group II: Bifluorid 12 (NaF, CaF2), and group III: Cervitec F (CHX, CPC, NH4F). Five samples were assigned as a negative control group without treatment. All samples were exposed to pH-cycling for 28 days. Fluorescence behavior was measured using Quantitative light-induced fluorescence before and after demineralisation and up to four weeks on a weekly basis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey–Kramer post-hoc tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical evaluation (α = 0.05). After demineralisation, all samples showed mean ΔF of − 16.22% ± 4.35, without significance differences between the fluorescence behaviour of the samples (p = 0.251). After 28 days group comparison showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.034) for ΔF values: the lowest fluorescence values were found in group I (SDF, mean ΔF − 16.47 ± 6.08) with a significant difference compared to group III (Cervitec F, mean ΔF − 11.71 ± 4.83). In group II (Bifluorid 12) mean ΔF value was − 15.55 ± 2.15) without statistically significant differences to groups I and III. The fluorescence behaviour of SDF varnish on smooth surfaces with artificial initial enamel lesions was significantly lower compared to Cervitec F varnish after short time use.
Identification of AKIRIN2 as a potential biomarker and correlation with immunotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Sun Shaopeng , Chen Jiajia , Weng Chunyan , Lu Yifan , Cai Chang , Lv Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGastric adenocarcinoma is major type of gastric cancer that endangers human health. AKIRIN2 has been shown to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma promoting invasion and angiogenesis. In this study, AKIRIN2 is highly expressed in Gastric adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis based on Stomach adenocarcinoma samples data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Correlation analysis showed that the high-expression of AKIRIN2 was associated with poor survival rate compared to the low-expression group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses determined the correlation between clinical characteristics and overall survival. Next, the correlation between AKIRIN2 and immune infiltration was evaluated. The distribution of 24 immune cells and their correlation with the expression of AKIRIN2 were explored using the immune cell database. In addition, three Immune cell methods were used to verify the positive correlation between immune cells and AKIRIN2. Also, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was utilized to verify the correlation between AKIRIN2 expression level and the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The results showed that AKIRIN2 is an effective biomarker of Gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis, which can guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy and clarify the progress of Gastric adenocarcinoma promoted by immune microenvironment.
Orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) protein distribution measured by autoradiography using radiolabeled OX2R-selective antagonist EMPA in rodent brain and peripheral tissues
Authors: Mitsukawa Kayo , Kimura Haruhide 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrexin, a neuropeptide, performs various physiological functions, including the regulation of emotion, feeding, metabolism, respiration, and sleep/wakefulness, by activating the orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R). Owing to the pivotal role of OX2R in wakefulness and other biological functions, OX2R agonists are being developed. A detailed understanding of OX2R protein distribution is essential for determining the mechanisms of action of OX2R agonists; however, this has been hindered by the lack of selective antibodies. In this study, we first confirmed the OX2R-selective binding of [3H]-EMPA in in vitro autoradiography studies, using brain slices from OX2R knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. Subsequently, OX2R protein distribution in rats was comprehensively assessed in 51 brain regions and 10 peripheral tissues using in vitro autoradiography with [3H]-EMPA. The widespread distribution of OX2R protein, including that in previously unrecognized regions of the retrosplenial cortex, was identified. In contrast, OX2R protein expression was negligible/very low in peripheral tissues, suggesting that orexin exerts OX2R-dependent physiological functions primarily through activation of the central nervous system. These findings will be useful for understanding the wide range of biological functions of OX2R and the application of OX2R agonists in various disorders.
CT-based deep learning enables early postoperative recurrence prediction for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Nagase Hayato , Kanda Taishu , Ichiyama Sotaro , Soma Kenji , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Kubota Shunsuke , Fujita Hiroaki , Sawano Takeyuki , Umehara Yutaka , Wakasa Yusuke , Toyoki Yoshikazu , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPreoperatively accurate evaluation of risk for early postoperative recurrence contributes to maximizing the therapeutic success for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) patients. This study aimed to investigate the potential of deep learning (DL) algorithms for predicting postoperative early recurrence through the use of preoperative images. We collected the dataset, including preoperative plain computed tomography (CT) images, from 41 patients undergoing curative surgery for iCCA at multiple institutions. We built a CT patch-based predictive model using a residual convolutional neural network and used fivefold cross-validation. The prediction accuracy of the model was analyzed. We defined early recurrence as recurrence within a year after surgical resection. Of the 41 patients, early recurrence was observed in 20 (48.8%). A total of 71,081 patches were extracted from the entire segmented tumor area of each patient. The average accuracy of the ResNet model for predicting early recurrence was 98.2% for the training dataset. In the validation dataset, the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 97.8%, 94.0%, and 96.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.994. Our CT-based DL model exhibited high predictive performance in projecting postoperative early recurrence, proposing a novel insight into iCCA management.
Outcome beim prolongierten Weaning
Authors: Paul Andrea , Suchi Stefan , Schönhofer Bernd 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Zahl der Patienten, die sich nach längerdauernder Beatmungstherapie im prolongierten Weaning (Respiratorentwöhnung) befinden, nimmt seit Längerem zu. Weaning-Einheiten (WE) im Netzwerk der pneumologischen Beatmungszentren „WeanNet“ haben sich mit Therapieverfahren auf dieses Kollektiv spezialisiert. In dieser Studie analysieren wir das Outcome der Patienten im prolongierten Weaning, die in den Jahren 2011–2015 in unserer WE behandelt wurden.
Methoden Es wird in folgende 4 Outcome-Gruppen unterschieden: 1. Erfolgreiches Weaning ohne maschinelle Beatmung, 2. Erfolgreiches Weaning mit nicht invasiver Beatmung (NIV), 3. Weaning-Versagen mit nachfolgender invasiver Beatmung und 4. In der WE verstorben.
Ergebnisse 272 Patienten verteilten sich wie folgt auf die 4 Outcome-Gruppen: Gruppe 1: 116 Patienten (42,6 %), Gruppe 2: 52 Patienten (19,1 %), Gruppe 3: 45 Patienten (16,5 %) und Gruppe 4: 59 Patienten (21,7 %). Die Behandlungsdauer war v. a. abhängig von den Begleiterkrankungen und dem Hämoglobinwert.Bei Entlassung war trotz erfolgreichem Weaning das Tracheostoma lediglich bei 60,3 % der Patienten mit kontinuierlicher Spontanatmung und 67,3 % der Patienten mit NIV vollständig verschlossen.Nach Entlassung aus der WE wurden Patienten mit Weaning-Versagen nur selten in einer Rehabilitationsklinik betreut, aber deutlich häufiger (29 %) notfallmäßig in die Klinik eingewiesen.Die 1-Jahres-Überlebensrate der Patienten in unserer Studie lag bei 59 %. Die Hälfte der Patienten starb in weniger als 2 Jahren.
Diskussion In der Mehrzahl der Patienten gelang in der WE auch nach prolongierter Beatmung die erfolgreiche Entwöhnung. Dennoch war der Anteil der Patienten mit Weaning-Versagen und anschließender invasiver außerklinischer Langzeitbeatmung sowie die Mortalitätsrate relativ hoch. Die sich hieraus ergebenden ethischen Implikationen werden diskutiert.
Conserved patterns of functional organization between cortex and thalamus in mice
Authors: Miller-Hansen Andrew J. , Sherman S. Murray 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceNeuroanatomical tracing provides just a partial picture of information flow in the brain, because excitatory synapses are not all equal. Some strongly drive postsynaptic targets to transfer information, whereas others weakly modulate their responsiveness. Here, we show conserved patterns of synaptic function across somatosensory and visual thalamocortical circuits in mice involving higher-order thalamic nuclei. These nuclei serve as hubs in transthalamic or cortico-thalamo-cortical pathways. We report that feedforward transthalamic circuits in the somatosensory and visual systems operate to efficiently transmit information, whereas feedback transthalamic circuits act to modulate their target areas. These patterns may generalize to other brain systems and show how methods of synapse physiology and molecular biology can inform the exploration of brain circuitry and information processing.
Phonon hydrodynamics in crystalline materials
Authors: Ghosh Kanka , Kusiak Andrzej , Battaglia Jean-Luc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Phonon hydrodynamics is an exotic phonon transport phenomenon that challenges the conventional understanding of diffusive phonon scattering in crystalline solids. It features a peculiar collective motion of phonons with various unconventional properties resembling fluid hydrodynamics, facilitating non Fourier heat transport. Hence, it opens up several new avenues to enrich the knowledge and implementations on phonon physics, phonon engineering, and micro and nanoelectronic device technologies. This review aims at covering a comprehensive development as well as the recent advancements in this field via experiments, analytical methods, and state-of-the-art numerical techniques. The evolution of the topic has been realized using both phenomenological and material science perspectives. Further, the discussions related to the factors that influence such peculiar motion, illustrate the capability of phonon hydrodynamics to be implemented in various applications. A plethora of new ideas can emerge from the topic considering both the physics and the material science axes, navigating toward a promising outlook in the research areas around phonon transport in non-metallic solids.
Active sites and deactivation of room temperature CO oxidation on Co3O4 catalysts: combined experimental and computational investigations
Authors: Yigit Nevzat , Genest Alexander , Terloev Schamil , Möller Jury , Rupprechter Günther 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Co3O4 is a well-known low temperature CO oxidation catalyst, but it often suffers from deactivation. We have thus examined room temperature (RT) CO oxidation on Co3O4 catalysts by operando DSC, TGA and MS measurements, as well as by pulsed chemisorption to differentiate the contributions of CO adsorption and reaction to CO2. Catalysts pretreated in oxygen at 400 °C are most active, with the initial interaction of CO and Co3O4 being strongly exothermic and with maximum amounts of CO adsorption and reaction. The initially high RT activity then levels-off, suggesting that the oxidative pretreatment creates an oxygen-rich reactive Co3O4 surface that upon reaction onset loses its most active oxygen. This specific active oxygen is not reestablished by gas phase O2 during the RT reaction. When the reaction temperature is increased to 150 °C, full conversion can be maintained for 100 h, and even after cooling back to RT. Apparently, deactivating species are avoided this way, whereas exposing the active surface even briefly to pure CO leads to immediate deactivation. Computational modeling using DFT helped to identify the CO adsorption sites, determine oxygen vacancy formation energies and the origin of deactivation. A new species of CO bonded to oxygen vacancies at RT was identified, which may block a vacancy site from further reaction unless CO is removed at higher temperature. The interaction between oxygen vacancies was found to be small, so that in the active state several lattice oxygen species are available for reaction in parallel.
Single crystal growth and physical properties of layered compound SrCdBi2
Authors: Yang Yi , Fu Yu , Zhu Wenliang , He Junbao , Liu Bo , Liu Congbin , Li Liang , Niu Chunyao , Luo Yongsong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have grown the high quality single crystals of SrCdBi2 successfully and investigated the physical properties systematically through measurements of magnetoresistance (MR), Hall effect, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements. The compound is a nonmagnetic 112-type pnictide with a Bi square net layer, which is potential for hosting Dirac fermions. We found that it exhibited metallic behavior with an anomaly appearing at around 210 K. MR study reveal that the electronic structure of SrCdBi2 is quasi-two-dimensional. At low temperatures, we observed magnetic field induced metal-to-insulator-like transition and resistivity plateau, nonsaturating quasilinear MR, and high carrier mobility in magnetotransport measurements, which indicate the possible existence of nearly massless Dirac fermions in SrCdBi2. The anomaly at around 210 K can be observed in resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility, but cannot be detected in heat capacity. This implies the anomaly might be caused by domain formation or disorder. We found that the nonsaturating linear MR in SrCdBi2 is likely caused by both of the quantum linear dispersion and the classical disorder. Our findings suggest that SrCdBi2 is a natural experimental platform for realizing the topological properties of nonmagnetic 112-type pnictides.