bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s Aesthetic Perceptions of the Genitalia and Their Association with Anatomical Measurements
Authors: DEREBASİNLİOGLU HANDAN , Karaca Sanem Nemmezi , Yıldız Çağlar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study to determined women’s perceptions of the vulva with the criteria defined in the literature for the ideal vulva and determine their relationship with anatomical measurements in order to determine the extent to which women’s perceptions of normal align with our aesthetic standards of normality.
Methods: First of all, a questionnaire was applied to all participants. The items of the data collection form were included personal information, obstetric and gynecological information, their perceptions of their external genitalia and any physical, sexual, psychological, and hygiene problems they experience. Then examination and measurements of the external genitalia were performed.
Results: The majority of participants considered their genitalia normal (n=101, 89.4%), while 12 participants (10.6%) considered them abnormal. Statistical analyses showed that women’s perception of their genitalia as normal in appearance and size was associated with labia minora asymmetry (p=0.023 and p=0.006, respectively) and hyperpigmentation (p=0.010 and p=0.047, respectively) but not with labia minora measurements or protrusion (p>0.05)
Conclusions : Although there is a tendency in the field of aesthetic surgery to define ideals and aesthetic standards for all parts of the body, our definitions of normality do not always coincide with those of the individual. The appearance of the genitalia is as personal as the face, and an individual’s self-perception is more important than our ideal.
Level IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies. Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence.
Construction of hollow copper selenide boxes and S-doping for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Huang Wei , Wang Xuan , Wang Yuansheng , Yan Liuliu , Li Yongqing , Wang Bo , Wang Yujiang , Wei Shicheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the proliferation of the use of wireless communication technologies, lightweight, easily fabricated electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers are in great demand for commercial and stealth applicationS In this paper, well-defined Cu2O microcubes were successfully converted into S-doped Cu2 − xSe micro-cubic boxes at room temperature by a template-directed in situ selenization/sulfidation reactioN the Cu2 − xSe boxes were obtained under the combined effect of Kirkendall effect and Ostwald ripening, and the composite products with paraffins exhibited good EMW low-frequency absorption properties at 40 wt%, with RL(min) exceeding − 20 dB from 2.6 mm-5.0 mM In addition, the sulfidation process optimized the morphology, composition, interface, defects, and conductivity, which further enhanced the EMW absorption performance of the materiaL The optimized RL(min) of S-doped Cu2 − xSe reaches − 44.5 dB at 1.9 mm with an EAB of 4.3 GHZ
Gender-related association of osteoporosis and bone mineral density with body fat distribution in the general US population: a case control study
Authors: ma jinlong , Li Xiang , Chen Yunzhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: There have been few population-based studies investigated the association between fat distribution and osteoporosis and the bone mineral density (BMD).
Methods: Our survey was based on the data from 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was conducted to assess the body composition. Participants were asked whether they had previously received a physician diagnosis of osteoporosis through the survey. To assess the effects of body mass index (BMI) and android: gynoid ratio (AGR) on osteoporosis in male and female, we performed the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: A total of 336 male and 329 female subjects participated in the study. In male, BMI was positively correlated with BMD of lumbar spine and lower limbs. And there was no significant interaction between AGR and BMD. There were positive correlations between both BMI and AGR and the BMD of lower limbs in female. And only BMI was positively correlated with lumbar spine BMD.
Conclusions: BMI was negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis in male. For female, such protect was caused by AGR.
Disentangling rural-urban modern contraceptive utilization disparity among sexually active women of reproductive age in Sierra Leone: A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis
Authors: Luwedde Mary , Katantazi Nehemiah , Sserwanja Quraish , Mukunya David , Kamara Kassim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Sierra Leone has one of the world's highest rates of maternal mortality. Preventing unintended pregnancies reduces the burden of maternal mortality. Unfortunately, 25% of reproductive-age women do not have access to modern contraceptives, and the proportion of demand met for modern contraception remains low at 46% in Sierra Leone. Rural Sierra Leonean women use modern contraception less frequently than urban women. This study aimed to quantify the rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use among Sierra Leonean women of reproductive age and to identify factors that explain it.
Method
Data from the 2019 Sierra Leone demographic health survey was used. Participants were sexually active women aged 15 to 49 (n = 13,975). Modern contraceptive use was the outcome variable while the selected explanatory variables were grouped into materialistic, behavioral/cultural, and psychosocial theoretical perspectives. Descriptive statistics, intermediary analysis, and Oaxaca decomposition analysis were used to summarize and identify the factors that explain inequalities in modern contraceptive use between rural and urban women. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14.0.
Results
There was a rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use of 18 percentage points favoring urban women and the exposure variables explained 68% of this disparity. Education made the biggest (76%) contribution to the explanation of the modern contraceptive use disparity between urban and rural women. Other important contributors were marital status (39%), hearing about family planning on the radio (16%), age of respondent (13%), problems with distance to a healthcare facility (12%), and problems getting permission to seek treatment (9%).
Conclusions
There was a large rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use that favored urban dwellers. Material, behavior/cultural, psychosocial, and demographic explanatory factors jointly explained 68% of the difference in modern contraceptive utilization between rural and urban dwellers. To close the rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use, policymakers must address inequities in education, mass media (radio) access, and healthcare access. Rural women should be empowered so that they can have the autonomy to access healthcare. Involving men in modern contraceptive programs can increase rural women's ability to get permission to seek services hence increasing modern contraceptive utilization and consequently bridging the rural-urban gap.
Reconstructing protein interactions at enhancer-promoter regions in prostate cancer
Authors: Armaos Alexandros , Serra François , Núñez-Carpintero Iker , Seo Ji-Heui , Baca Sylvan , Gustincich Stefano , Valencia Alfonso , Freedman Matthew , Cirillo Davide , Giambartolomei Claudia , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) and in particular transcription factors interact with enhancers and their target genes through enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions. Technological advancements such as chromosome conformation capture allow to identify E-P interactions, but the protein networks involved have not yet been characterized. Most importantly, the role of nuclear protein networks in human diseases has been so far poorly investigated. Prostate cancer (PrCa) heritability is associated with variations in enhancers that affect specific gene expression. Here, we introduce a novel approach, called Promoter-ENhancer-GUided Interaction Networks (PENGUIN), to identify protein-protein interactions (PPI) in E-P interactions and apply it to our PrCa dataset. PENGUIN integrates chromatin interactions between a promoter and its enhancers defined by high-coverage H3K27ac-HiChIP data, with a tissue-specific PPI network inferred from DNA-binding motifs and refined with gene expression. Among a total of 4,314 E-P networks, PENGUIN performed unsupervised clustering. We functionally validated this clustering procedure by searching for enrichments of specific biological features. We confirmed PENGUIN structural classification of E-P networks by showing a clear differential enrichment of the architectural protein CTCF. Next, and directly related to our PrCa case study, we observed that one of our 8 main clusters, containing 273 promoters, is particularly enriched for PrCA associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and oncogenes. Our approach proposes a mechanistic explanation for 208 PrCa SNPs falling either inside the binding sites of DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) or within genes encoding for intermediate proteins bridging E-P contacts. PENGUIN not only confirmed the relevance of key regulators in PrCa, but also identified new candidates for intervention, opening up new directions to identify molecular targets for disease treatment.
Effect of oxygen content in local shielding atmosphere on cladding quality of Ti6Al4V during annular laser metal deposition
Authors: Zhang Jinchao , wang heng , Cao Yupeng , Su Boyong , Hua Guoran , Shi Tuo , Shi Jianjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In annular laser metal deposition (ALMD), Ti6Al4V alloy is sensitive to oxygen. In this research, a coaxial double-layer shielding gas nozzle was used to provide a local inert gas atmosphere. The influence of the oxygen concentration in local shield on the cladding quality was evaluated regarding the appearance, chemical composition, microhardness, microstructure and phase constituent. The results show that the surface discoloration of cladding layer is related to oxygen contamination level. When the oxygen level in the local atmosphere is below about 1000 ppm, a shiny silver surface of the clad can be achieved, and the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen in the deposited material is below those allowable for ASTM Grade 5. In addition, as the oxygen concentration decreases, the microhardness of the samples decreases gradually, and microstructural characteristics experiences a change from the blocky plate α' martensite within the coarse prior β-grain boundary to the acicular α' martensite within the fine β-grain boundary.
Identification of seven cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature and establishment of a prognostic nomogram predicting overall survival in patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Pang Xuecheng , Qian Sumin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cuproptosis is a new modality of cell death regulation that is currently considered as a new cancer treatment strategy. However, cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) have an unclear relationship with endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, a total of 906 CRLs were identified, and 7 specific cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (AL807761.3, AF131215.7, AC008073.2, AC009229.1, CDKN2A.DT, LINC01615, LINC01166) were selected to conduct a risk model. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median of risk score. The prognosis of the high-risk group was worse than that of the low-risk group, and the predictive accuracy was high (AUC = 0.781), indicating the good reliability and specificity of our risk model. According to Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and GSEA, both metabolism and cytoskeleton have CRL participation. In addition, we found that the CRLs-related scores were associated with the ESTIMATE score. Stratified survival analysis also revealed that the risk signature have has a high prediction accuracy among people with different clinicopathological characteristics. Further in vitro experimental validation indicated that LINC01615 may promote the invasion of EC cells during progression. The efficient risk model based on seven CRLs has a high prognostic accuracy, and LINC01615 may act as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for EC patients.
Evaluation of In-Vitro Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Cardiac Safety of Hydrogenated Cannabidiol on Cells Using Metabolic Assay, AMES and hERG Test
Authors: Tesfatsion Tesfay , Ramirez Giovanni , Collins Arianna , Ray Kyle , Cruces Westley 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of many, naturally biosynthesized compounds, produced by cannabis sativa. Hydrogenated cannabidiol (H4CBD) also found in trace amounts within the cannabis sativa cannabinoid profile. To determine the efficacy of this rare cannabinoid, several experiments were set up to effectively determine the safety of such cannabinoid. The hydrogenated analogue, H4CBD, at varying concentrations is exposed to cultured primary normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF’s), primary human neural progenitor cells (NPC’s), and primary human hepatocytes, to evaluate the effects H4CBD imposes on such cell lines. Introducing the AMES test for the testing of genotoxicity provides in-depth evidence towards the safety profile of H4CBD. The human ether-a-go-go (hERG) study is important for any further studies to be conducted since many possible drugs might cause issues to the heart, leading to failed clinical trials for adverse effects. A cardiac arrhythmia test on the hERG related gene was also conducted to determine the safety of H4CBD to cardiomyocytes and their cardiac action potentials. Herein, we report the safety data obtained from various cell viability, genotoxicity, and cardiac safety (hERG) studies.
Prediction of global potential suitable habitats of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto based on MaxEnt model
Authors: Zhang YanFang , Chen Shutong , Gao Yun , Yang Long , Yu Hua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nicotiana alata Link et Otto, widely used in landscaping, is not only of great ornamental value but also of high commercial and medical value. The global potential habitat of N. alata and the environmental factors affecting its distribution are not that clear at present. To provide a reference for the reasonable and extensive planting of N. alata now and in the future, MaxEnt model was used to predict its global suitable habitats under current and future climate conditions, respectively, based on global geographic distribution data of N. alata and the current and future world bioclimatic variables. The results showed that mean annual temperature (bio1), annual precipitation (bio12), temperature seasonality (bio4), and mean temperature of driest quarter (bio9) were the key bioclimatic variables governing the distribution of N. alata. The global suitable habitats of N. alata were mainly distributed in Europe, the United States, Mexico, southeastern South America, and southern Africa under current climate conditions. Compared with current climate conditions, the future climate decreased suitable habitats of N. alata under SSP1-2.6 scenario and increased suitable habitats of N. alata under SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 climatic scenarios. The results provided valuable information and theoretical reference for the reasonable planting of N. alata.
Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) is a diagnosis ex juvantibus: study design and diagnostic criteria of a prospective, observational, multi-center study
Authors: Schach Christian , Koertl Thomas , Harler Bianca , Zeman Florian , Koller Michael , Lavall Daniel , Maier Lars S. , Wachter Rolf , Sossalla Samuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Arrhythmias and heart failure in form of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) frequently coexist. Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) by definition is a state of reversible LVSD caused by supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia. Diagnosis of AIC only can be made retrospectively ex juvantibus, and thus deserves consideration. Our aim is to determine prevalence and time course of AIC in patients presenting with tachycardia and newly diagnosed, unexplained LVSD.
Methods: In this prospective, observational, investigator-initiated, multi-center trial, we screen for patients with LVSD (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%) and tachyarrhythmia (HR > 100/min). After effective rhythm restoration, they are followed-up at 2, 4 and 6 months to evaluate clinical characteristics, biomarkers and cardiac imaging. Left ventricular morphology and function are assessed with transthoracic echocardiography, and left ventricular scar is quantified with cardia magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, quality of life is measured with a questionnaire (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure). Unconventionally, the group assignment was done after the last follow-up visit (diagnosis ex juvantibus). Patients, whose LVEF recovered from LVSD, i.e. increases by ≥15% vs. baseline or increases to ≥50% with an absolute increase of ≥10% were assigned to the AIC group (arm 1). All other patients serve as comparator (arm 2, non-AIC group). Next, prevalence (equals the number of patients in arm 1 divided by the total number of patients) and time to recovery from AIC (time of follow-up visit, in which the LVEF recovered) were calculated and initial morphologic and functional parameters analyzed for predictive power of an AIC.
Discussion: We investigate the prevalence of and the time to recovery from AIC in a clinically relevant cohort of patients with newly diagnosed and otherwise unexplainable LVSD and coexisting tachyarrhythmia. Results will help to establish correct diagnoses, describe the frequency of this disease, and possibly identify predictors for AIC.
Caregiver Experiences of Caring for Family Members with Urostomy in China: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Han Xiaojuan , Gao Kaixia , Shang Linping , Wei Liang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

In China, bladder tumors rank first for morbidity and mortality among urological and reproductive system tumors. In 2014, there were 78,100 new bladder tumor cases and 32,100 deaths in China, with morbidity and mortality rates of 5.71/100,000 and 2.35/100,000,respectively. Total radical cystectomy plus urinary flow conversion is the gold standard for the treatment of muscle-layer invasive bladder cancer. With an increasing number of radical cystectomies each year, the number of patients living with urostomy is growing. After discharge, primary care of urostomy patients is given at home, and high demands are placed on home caregivers due to issues of privacy and the complexity of replacing the urostomy device. This research explored the challenges faced by the family caregivers of urostomy patients.

Methods

We used descriptive qualitative research methods to conduct interviewswith twelve family caregivers of patients with urostomy. The interviewees were selected using the purposive sampling technique at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Three critical challenges were identified – confusion, family crisis, and psychology. Within these three themes, six sub-themes emerged. They were knowledge and skill deficiency, uncertainty, role conflict, economic burden, emotional overwhelmed and calm acceptance.

Conclusion

Family caregivers play a critical role in patient care, and especially in urostomy care. Caregiving is associated with significant challenges that hinder the family caregiver’s ability to effectively care for the patient, further diminishing the caregiver’s quality of life. Therefore, healthcare professionals should consider the challenges faced by family caregivers and take measures to obviate them through education, preparation, and support.
Elective Adhesiolysis for Chronic Abdominal Pain Reduces Long- term Risk of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Beukel Barend A.W. , Toneman Masja K. , Veelen Fleur , Alblas Marjolein Blussé van Oud - , Dongen Koen van , Stommel Martijn W.J. , Goor Harry van , Broek Richard P.G. ten 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:
Selected patients with adhesion-related chronic abdominal pain can be treated effectively by adhesiolysis with the application of adhesion barriers. These patients might also have an increased risk to develop adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO). It is unknown how frequently these patients develop ASBO, and how elective adhesiolysis for pain impacts the risk of ASBO.
Methods:
Patients with adhesion-related chronic pain were included in this cohort study with long-term follow-up. The diagnosis of adhesions was confirmed using CineMRI. The decision for operative treatment of adhesions was made by shared agreement based on the correlation of complaints with CineMRI findings. The primary outcome was the five years incidence of readmission for ASBO. Incidence was compared between patients with elective adhesiolysis and those treated non-operatively and between patients with and without previous ASBO. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for ASBO. Secondary outcomes included reoperation for ASBO and self-reported pain and other abdominal symptoms.
Results:
A total of 122 patients were included, 69 patients underwent elective adhesiolysis. Thirty patients in both groups had previous episodes of ASBO in history. During 5-year follow-up the readmission rate for ASBO was 6.5% after elective adhesiolysis compared to 26.9% after non-operative treatment (p=0.012). These percentages were 13.3% compared to 40% in the subgroup of patients with previous episodes of ASBO (P=0.039). In multivariable analysis elective adhesiolysis was associated with a decreased risk of readmission for ASBO with a odds ratio of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.07-0.65), the risk was increased in patients with previous episodes with a hazard ratio of 19.2 (95% CI: 2.5-144.4). There was no difference between the groups in the prevalence of self-reported abdominal pain. However, in surgically treated patients the impact of pain on daily activities was lower, and the incidence of other symptoms was lower.
Conclusion:
More than one in four patients with chronic adhesion-related pain develop episodes of ASBO when treated non-operatively. Elective adhesiolysis reduces the incidence of ASBO in patients with chronic adhesion-related symptoms, both in patients with and without previous episodes of ASBO in history.
Trial registration:
The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov under NCT01236625
Clinical Application of Vacuum Sealing Drainage in treating 24 cases of Cervical Esophageal Fistula
Authors: Yu Yang , Ling Zhang , Jing Zhuang , Xiongmei Huang , Xiongwen Qiu , Penghua Zeng , Zhaoxian Lin , Chun（lacustrian@ Chen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
In treating cervical esophageal fistula caused by trauma, tumor, surgery and other reasons, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) used in order to speed up the healing and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Methods
In 24 cases of patients diagnosed with cervical esophageal fistula, the wound surface was opened completely to expose the fistula. Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) devices were used to control infection, assisted by measures such as gastrointestinal decompression, prohibition of oral feeding, parenteral high nutritional support, and anti-inflammation, etc.
Result
24 patients treated with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) have been discharged from the hospital smoothly. After 3–6 months of follow-up and reexamination, all the cases were proved to heal well with no obvious sequelae and no recurrence of fistula.
Conclusion
For patients with cervical esophageal fistula, it is significant to apply the method of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for clinical treatment, which can effectively shorten the length of hospital stay, enable the patients to return to normal life earlier and enter the later stage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy as soon as possible. Hence it is worthy of clinical promotion.