bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIII-A-6 Boreox, a Proprietary Blend of Polyphenols Alters Positively Broiler Meat Quality During Storage
Authors: Medina Bertrand , Kumprechtova Dana , Girard IvanD , Hulankov Radka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Feed supplementation with vitamin E increases antioxidant capacity, essential to cope with cellular oxidative process that may happen during meat length of storage. This last decades, polyphenol rich botanicals content were widely investigated as new antioxidant chain links able to spare and/or strengthen Vitamin E inclusion. Therefore, this study designed on broiler meat model aims to determine any preservative and positive effects of a novel proprietary blend of polyphenols extracts [BoreOX® (BX500), Probiotech International Inc.]. A total of 840 Ross 308 male broilers were distributed on two dietary treatments: standard (SVE) with 84, 56 and 50 ppm of expected vit. E in starter (S), grower (G) and finisher (F) stages, respectively and a polyphenols-supplemented diet with the same levels of vit. E added with 25, 50 and 100 ppm of (BX500) in S, G and F phases, respectively (SVEBX). The same 3-phase diets were offered ad libitum to 6 replicated pens of 70 birds from 0 to 42 days of age with robenidine as anticoccidial agent. At slaughterhouse, meat samples (breast and thigh muscle from 1 bird/pen) were cooled down for 24 hours and stored at +3°C before completing some selected analysis (chemical, rheological and microbiological) at 2, 6 and 10 days of storage (72 samples/treatment). Treatment effect was compared an analysis of variance performed in Statistica, version 7.1 (StatSoft, Czech Republic). The monitored parameters of chicken meat changed mainly due to the length of storage - TBA, dripping and microorganism counts increased, on the other hand, antioxidant capacity, meat firmness and water activity decreased. The presence of the polyphenols leaded to higher thigh meat lightness (p = 0.059). In conclusion, although the effect of the tested supplement in the feed was slightly positive in terms of protection of fat against oxidative changes. Apart from meat lightness, the other parameters monitored were not significantly affected.
PSVIII-B-18 Sustained Maternofetal Inflammation at mid-Gestation Causes Intrauterine Growth Restriction of the Sheep Fetus That is Characterized by Poor Muscle Mass and Asymmetric Body Composition Near Term
Authors: Hicks Zena M , Gibbs Rachel L , Beer Haley N , Grijalva Pablo C , Most Micah S , Yates Dustin T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Induction of maternofetal inflammation for two wk at 0.7 gestation was previously shown to cause fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in sheep. However, the impact of sustained maternofetal inflammation during peak placental development and growth at mid-gestation has not been explored. Therefore, our objective was to determine the effects of sustained maternofetal inflammation during this period on subsequent fetal growth. Pregnant ewes were injected every 3rd day from the 50th to 65th d of gestation (dGA; term=150 dGA) with saline (control; n=10) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin to induce maternofetal inflammation and IUGR (MI-IUGR; n=12). Fetuses were surgically catheterized on dGA 118 to collect daily blood samples and necropsied on dGA 125 to assess growth metrics. From dGA 120 to 125, blood O2, CO2, and HCO3 content was less (P &lt; 0.05) for MI-IUGR fetuses than controls, but blood glucose, lactate, and pH did not differ. Circulating granulocytes and platelets were greater (P &lt; 0.05) and red blood cells were less (P &lt; 0.05) for MI-IUGR fetuses than controls, but circulating monocytes, lymphocytes, and total leukocytes did not differ. At necropsy, MI-IUGR fetuses were 23% lighter (P &lt; 0.05), hindlimbs were 25% smaller (P &lt; 0.05), and cannon bones were 6% shorter (P &lt; 0.05) compared to controls. MI-IUGR fetuses also had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) semitendinosus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and longissimus dorsi masses compared to controls. Heart, liver, and brain masses did not differ between control and MI-IUGR fetuses, but brain/bodyweight and heart/bodyweight were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for MI-IUGR fetuses. We conclude that sustained maternofetal inflammation during peak placental development at mid-gestation led to fetal hypoxemia (but not hypoglycemia), which impaired muscle growth and caused asymmetrical body composition near term. This reflects the growth phenotype in other models of IUGR and indicates at least partial placental insufficiency.
PSXIII-B-10 Effects of Termite (Hodotermopsis Sjostedti) Meal Supplement in Broiler Chicken Diets on Growth and Intake
Authors: Tsukahara Yoko , Tomonaga Nami , Tomonaga Shozo , Kumagai Hajime , Hirooka Hiroyuki , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of partial replacement of fishmeal with termite (Hodotermopsis sjostedti) meal in chicken diets on BW, ADG, intake, and organ and meat weight were tested with Chunky broiler female chickens in two experiments. In Exp.1, 20 chickens (8 d of age and 239 ± 3.0 g BW initially) were allocated in individual pens and assigned one of the four diet treatments; commercial diet with fishmeal supplement (0.0%) and replacement of fishmeal with freeze-dried ground termite meal of 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%. In Exp.2, 18 chickens (9 d of age and 309 ± 3.8 g BW initially) were assigned one of the three diet treatments; commercial diet (COM), 2.5% fishmeal supplement (FM), and 2.5% termite meal supplement (TM). At 21 d old, chickens were slaughtered, and meat and organ weight were measured. Treatment diet CP concentrations resulted in 29.7 and 27.9% DM for Exp.1 and Exp.2, respectively. There was no treatment effect (P&gt;0.05) on BW, ADG, intake, feed conversion rate, meat (i.e., thigh, breast fillet, and inner breast fillet) weights, or organ (i.e., liver, heart, spleen, gizzard, proventriculus, and intestine) weight in both experiments. In Exp.1, empty cecum weight was greater (P=0.03) when termite meal was not included (0.37, 0.33, 0.31, and 0.31 % per shrunk BW for 0.0%, 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%, respectively; SE=0.022). Similarly, whole cecum weight (0.38, 0.54, and 0.40 % per shrunk BW for COM, FM, and TM, respectively; SE=0.043) and cecum fill (0.08, 0.21, and 0.09 % per shrunk BW for COM, FM, and TM, respectively; SE=0.037) were greater (P=0.05) for FM than COM and TM in Exp.2. In conclusion, termite meal supplements did not have either favorable or adverse effects on the growth or weight of meat and organs except cecum weight. Further investigation is needed for cecum function and meat quality.
PSV-B-14 Bovine Luteal Cell Apoptosis Following Administration of a Commercial Inactivated or Modified-Live Virus Vaccine at Time of AI
Authors: Epperson Kaitlin M , Quail Lacey K , Rich Jerica J J , Zoca Saulo Menegatti , Andrews Taylor , Kline Adalaide , White Frank , Daly Russell F , Perry George A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Damage to the bovine corpus luteum (CL) has been reported following modified-live virus vaccination (MLV). The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of luteal apoptosis after MLV or inactivated vaccine (IV) administration at time of artificial insemination. Beef females were estrous synchronized and on d 0 were vaccinated with a MLV or IV after being transrectally ultrasounded to record presence and location of dominant follicles and CL. Thirteen cows (MLV, n=7; IV, n=6) were selected on d 10-13 across treatment based on dominant follicle size and estrus expression for ovariectomy. Ovaries were obtained and CL were frozen in OCT and sectioned for immunohistochemistry analysis. At the time of ovary collection, some MLV animals had two CL. These were characterized into old or new CL, relative to if ovulation had occurred in response to the synchronization protocol or afterward due to an abnormal cycle, respectively. For immunohistochemistry analysis, two nonconsecutive sections were evaluated for apoptosis using a TUNEL staining kit (ab66110) according to manufacturer’s instructions, with the modification of DAPI being used as a cell marker. Two random fields of view from each section were photographed with a Keyence BZ-X810 microscope and were evaluated for number of total and apoptotic cells. The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was utilized to analyze percentage of apoptotic cells with image included as a random effect. Percentage of apoptotic cells were affected by treatment (P &lt; 0.0001). MLV-new CL had the greatest percentage (35.56 ± 5.5%) of luteal cell apoptosis, while MLV-old CL (7.05 ± 4.6%) and IV (4.24 ± 4.9%) were similarly decreased. In summary, a greater degree of apoptosis in new CL which formed after an abnormal cycle following MLV administration indicates the ability of MLV to induce estrous cycle dysfunction and extend its effects to luteal cell development and function.
PSV-B-16 Correlation between Plasma, Uterine, and Vaginal Cytokine Concentrations in Postpartum Beef Cows Prior to Artificial Insemination
Authors: Hickman-Brown Kyle J , Smith Molly S , McAnally Brooke E , Filho Ramiro V Oliveira , de Melo Gabriela Dalmaso , Pohler Ky G , Poole Rebecca K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cytokines have a vital role in reproductive immune environment during the postpartum period. Previous data evaluated uterine and vaginal cytokine concentrations prior to insemination; however, was unable to correlate these data with plasma cytokine concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine relationships between uterine, vaginal, and plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in postpartum beef cows prior to timed artificial insemination (TAI). Bos indicus-influenced beef cows (n=20) free of any physical, health or reproductive-related issues were subjected to the Bee Synch II protocol 8 days prior (d-8) to TAI (d0). Uterine and vaginal flushes and blood were collected on d-3 and d-1. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasonography on d28 (Pregnant, n=7; Open, n=13). Using the RayBiotech Quantibody Bovine Cytokine Array 1 the following cytokines concentrations were determined: interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-13, IL-1α, IL-1-F5, IL-21, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, chemokine ligand (CXCL)-9, CXCL-10, and chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4). Concentration data were analyzed using PROC GLM and correlations using Pearson correlation in SAS. For plasma samples, 8 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-1α, IL-1-F5, IL-21, CXCL-9, and TNF-α) had greater (P&lt; 0.05) concentrations in open cows compared with pregnant cows. For uterine flushes, 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1α, and IL-21) had greater (P&lt; 0.05) concentrations in open cows compared with pregnant cows. For vaginal flushes, IFN-α concentrations were greater (P&lt; 0.05) in open cows, while CXCL-10 concentrations were greater in pregnant cows. There were no significant correlations between plasma and uterine or vaginal samples (P&gt;0.05). Interestingly, for open cows there were correlations for IFN-α (r=0.46; P=0.02), IFN-γ (r=0.58; P=0.002), and IL-21 (r=0.54; P=0.004) between uterine and vaginal samples; however, no correlations were observed for pregnant cows. These results suggest a greater abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the uterus, vagina, and in peripheral circulation for resulting open cows prior to TAI.
PSIX-6 Ruminal Tissue Morphology of Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures
Authors: Lopez Alejandra M , Wilkes Katherine , Sarturi Jhones O , Henry Darren H , Johnson Bradley J , Scaranto Silva Kaliu G , Rush Camron J , Rodrigues Barbara , Peters Sarah , Camarillo Angela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of the dietary inclusion of live bacteria mixtures on feedlot beef cattle ruminal papillae morphology were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus yearling steers (n = 192; initial BW = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen; 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered ad libitum once daily during 153 d containing the following treatments: 1) Control, in which no direct-fed microbial (DFM) was offered (lactose as carrier only); 2 and 3) Probiotic mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Upon harvest at a federally inspected slaughter facility, epithelium samples were collected from the cranial sac of the rumen, immersed in a 70% alcohol, and preserved under refrigeration (5°C). Ruminal tissue fragments were trimmed (1cm2), in which papillae were completely counted within the fragment, followed by the removal of 12 random individual papillae for further area measurement using electronic scanning (ImageJ). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and pen was considered the experimental unit with the fixed effect of treatment and the random effect of block. Regardless of treatments, average papillae area in cm2 (P = 0.39; control: 0.38, DFM mixture-A: 0.40, DFM mixture-B: 0.37), papillae number within fragment (P = 0.70; control: 47, DFM mixture-A: 52, DFM mixture-B: 49), absorptive surface area in cm2/fragment cm2 (P = 0.87; control: 37, DFM mixture-A: 39, DFM mixture-B: 38), and ruminal absorptive surface area (P = 0.74; control: 97%, DFM mixture-A: 97%, DFM mixture-B: 97%) were not affected compared with control. The addition of DFM mixtures did not seem to affect ruminal papillae physical aspect, although the long-term effects of dietary inclusion of live bacteria on ruminal morphology needs to be further evaluated.
PSIX-8 Supplementing a Natural Citrus Flavonoid Extract (Bioflavex) to Finishing Cattle
Authors: Silvero Melina , Crespo Francisco , Pesquer Maria del Mar Serra , Bayo Elisa Perez , Peñarrubia Igor Fernández , Palladino Alejandro , Fattore Rodolfo , Palladino Rafael A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Finishing cattle are exposed to diets with high amounts of starch and consequently to hindgut acidosis. Usually, antibiotics like ionophores are used to control dysbiosis at gut level. However, natural options are being evaluated as healthy alternatives. Flavonoids are well known as antibacterial agent, being an interesting alternative to antibiotics. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of finishing steers supplemented with monensin compared with citrus flavonoid extract (Bioflavex). Steers (n = 48; 214.3 kg live weight; LW) were assigned to two treatments: Monensin (MON; 30 g/tn DM) and flavonoids extract (FLAV; Bioflavex, Spain; 400 g/tn DM). Animals were allocated in 6 groups (3 pens/treatment; 8 animals/pen). Pen was considered as the experimental unit. Transition diet was offered from d 1 to 21 (CP 18% , starch 40.6%) whilst finishing diet from d 21 to 86; (CP 10.6%, starch 47.8%). The LW was registered at 0, 21 and 86 d. The DMI was estimated by difference between offered and refusals. Ruminal and feces pH were recorded (rumen liquor samples were obtained by ruminocentesis). Data were analyzed by proc mixed (treatment and time as fixed effects; pen as random). Differences were stated when P&lt; 0.05. Only DMI was different between treatments, being FLAV greater than MON (6.68 kg/d vs 6.45 kg/d for FLAV and MON respectively; P&lt; 0.05). No differences were found in terms of daily gain (1.355 kg/d vs 1.294 kg/d for FLAV and MON respectively; P &gt;0.05), final weight (FLAV 331.6 kg vs MON 324.8 kg; P &gt;0.05), neither conversion (4.95 kg/kg vs 4.98 kg/kg for FLAV and MON respectively; P &gt;0.05). Rumen and feces pH did not differ across treatments (P &gt;0.05). According to our results, a citrus flavonoid extract showed a similar performance comparing to monensin, being a potential alternative to antibiotics.
PSVII-10 Effects of Supplementing a Standardized Plant-Derived Feed Additive Containing Isoquinoline Alkaloids on Rumen Lesions in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Alarcón Rogelio Gómez , Arellano Rafael Ruíz , Piña Alejandro , Castellanos Gabriela , De Souza Cleverson , Rigolin Lucas , Bas Santiago , Madrid Jorge Gómez , Ribeiro Flavio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Long-term feeding of high grain diets can lead to digestive disorders which can result in inflammation of the digestive tract, poor performance and a negative impact on animal welfare. Plant-derived feed additives are widely used in food producing animals to improve the productivity, digestibility, and health. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of supplementing a plant-derived feed additive containing standardized concentrations of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) on rumen lesions in finishing feedlot cattle. Crossbreed bulls from a commercial feedlot were enrolled in the present study. During the control period (CON; n = 470): from September 1st to October 12th cattle were fed the feedlot finishing diet. During the treatment period (TRT; n = 480): from October 13th to November 23rd finishing feedlot cattle were fed the same ration plus 600 g/t of a feed additive with standardized concentrations of IQ. Slaughter was performed in 2 abattoirs and the rumen of animals were examined by the same investigator. Rumen health was scored by visual observation of the rumen epithelia: 1) normal rumen; 2) mild rumenitis; 3) moderate rumenitis; 4) diffuse rumenitis 5) ulcerative rumenitis. Statistical analysis was performed with the R software. The Pearson chi-squared statistic was performed to test the independence between the variables. Results showed that TRT had greater and positive association with score 2 (P&lt; 0.05; 3.2), and a negative association (P&lt; 0.05) with scores 4 (-1.1) and 5 (-1.1). The CON presented greater and positive association with score 3 (P&lt; 0.05; 3.3), as well as positive association (P&lt; 0.05) for the scores 4 (1.1) and 5 (1.1). In conclusion, supplementing finishing feedlot cattle with a plant-derived feed additive containing IQ resulted in less severe rumen lesions in feedlot cattle receiving finishing diets indicating that IQ exerted a positive effect on rumen condition.
PSVII-7 Effects of Minerals Source Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Production by Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Niehues Maria B , Perdigão Alexandre , de Matos Isabelle E , Gouvêa Daniel I C G , de Carvalho Victor Valério , Acedo Tiago S S , Tamassia Luis M , Martins Cyntia L L , Arrigoni Mário B D B , Gouvêa Vinicius 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of mineral source supplementation on performance of finishing cattle when fed a high-concentrate diet for 89 days. Angus-Nellore bulls (iBW, n = 32; 472 ± 4.93 kg; age, 18 months) were randomly assigned to two treatments in a completely randomized design, with sixteen replicates per treatment (animal as experimental unit). The control group received a diet containing inorganic minerals (i.e. sulphates) and the other group were supplemented with carbo-amino-phospho-chelates (TM, Tortuga Minerals) as a source of Cr, Se, Zn, Mn, S, Cu and Co. The DM intake and weight of the animals variables were assessed individually using the respective digital devices, Intergado electronic feeders and the Bosch Precision Livestock platform placed in the feedlot pen. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and means were separated using PDIFF statement, adopting P&lt; 0.05, and the initial BW as a covariate when significant. Supplementation with TM increased the ADG (1.74 vs. 1.55 kg/d, P&lt; 0.01) and final BW (626.96 vs. 609.91kg, P&lt; 0.01) compared with animals supplemented with inorganic sources. Likewise, animals supplemented with TM had better G:F (0.133 vs. 0.123 kg/kg, P&lt; 0.05) and biological efficiency (146.41 vs 134,34 kg DMI/15 kg de carcass; P&lt; 0.05), with no effect on DM intake (~12.94 kg, P=0.43). In addition, supplementation with TM increased final HCW in 13.44 kg (366.57 vs. 353.13 kg; P&lt; 0.01) and carcass ADG in 0.15 kg/d (1.47 vs. 1.32 kg/d; P&lt; 0.01). We conclude that supplementation with carbo-amino-phospho-chelates can be used as a tool to increase productive performance and efficiency by feedlot cattle.
PSVII-20
Hepatic Mrna Expression of Nutrient and Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Genes in Beef Steers Selected for low or High Residual Feed Intake
Authors: Taiwo Godstime A , Idowu Modoluwamu , Pech-Cervantes Andres a , Estrada-Reyes Zaira M , Ogunade Ibukun M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We evaluated the mRNA expression of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid, amino acid, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in crossbred beef steers with divergent low and high residual feed intake (RFI). Low-RFI beef steers (n = 8; RFI = - 1.93 kg/d) and high-RFI beef steers (n = 8; RFI = + 2.01kg/d) were selected from a group of 56 growing crossbred beef steers (average BW = 261 ± 18.5 kg) after a 49-d performance testing period. At the end of the 49-d period, liver biopsies were collected from the low-RFI and high-RFI beef steers for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. The mRNA expression of 84 genes each related to fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and mitochondrial energy metabolism were analyzed using pathway-focused PCR-based arrays. The mRNA expression of genes with absolute fold change (FC) ≥ 2.0 having false discovery rate-adjusted P-values (FDR) ≤ 0.05 were considered to be differentially expressed. Eight genes (CRAT, SLC27A5, SLC27A2, ACSBG2, ACADL, ACADSB, ACAA1, and ACAA2) involved fatty acid transport and β-oxidation were upregulated in low-RFI, compared with high-RFI steers. Hepatic mRNA expression of a gene encoding for aminoadipate aminotransferase, an enzyme related to lysine degradation, was downregulated (FC = -5.45, P = 0.01) in low-RFI steers, whereas those of methionine adenosyltransferase I and aspartate aminotransferase 2, which both link amino acid and lipid metabolism, were upregulated. Two mitochondrial energy metabolism genes (UQCRC1 and ATP5G1) involved in ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated in low-RFI beef steers, compared with high-RFI beef steers. The results of this study demonstrated that low-RFI beef steers exhibit upregulation of molecular mechanisms related to fatty acid transport, fatty acid β-oxidation, and mitochondrial ATP synthesis, which suggest that low-RFI beef steers have enhanced metabolic capacity to maximize capture of energy and nutrients from feeds consumed.