bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato, 1989
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. , Terlemezian Grant 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 18 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount. Experimental plots were 8 rows wide and 50 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments consisted of different sequences of insecticide application randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Insecticidal sprays were applied 28 Jun, 8 Jul and 15 Jul against first generation CPB larvae and 30 Jul, 7 Aug, and 14 Aug against second generation CPB larvae. Sprays were applied using a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row delivering 100 gal of water/acre. Posttreatment counts were taken 48 h after spray application. Evaluations consisted of direct counts of CPB larvae on 10 randomly selected plants from the 3 middle rows of each plot. Plots were also sampled for potato leafhopper nymphs and green peach aphid by counting 35 mid-plant leaves from each plot. Defoliation ratings were taken on 17 Jul, 9 and 16 Aug. Two way analysis of variance was used to test treatment means for significant differences in insect densities, percent defoliation and yield.
Seasonal Airblast Insecticide Evaluation, 1989
Authors: Hull L. A. , Barrett B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 3 tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 3 replicates of 'Yorking and 2 replicates of Golden Delicious'. Trees were spaced 20 × 30 ft and were 14-yr-old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster '309' at 25 gal/acre per alternate side spray (50 gal/acre both sides) driven at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amt/acre/both sides spray. Spray dates for the alternate side treatments were: 25 Apr (Orthene only, complete spray); 18 and 25 May; 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 Jun; 11, 18, and 26 Jul; 4, 10, 17, and 25 Aug; and 1 Sep. Penncap M plus Lannate 90 SP was substituted for the Danitol treatments on 1 Jun; 11, 18, and 26 Jul; 4, 10, 17, and 25 Aug; and 1 Sep. Apollo 50 SC was added to the second Danitol treatment on 22 and 29 Jun. Swat was added on 8, 15, and 22 Jun to various treatments. A routine schedule of fungicides (Nova 40 WP and Difhane M-45) was maintained throughout the experiment. Effectiveness on the aphid complex was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves on 10 terminals and aphids/most infested leaf. The effect of sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs on 25 leaves/tree. STLM was evaluated by a 5-min count of mines around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM and ZM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 125 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and 2 picked samples on 15 Aug and 22 Sep. Apple samples averaged 181 fruits/replicate and 350/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate); 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Foliar Applications for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1988-89
Authors: Valovage W. D. , Oseto C.Y. , Burr W. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm, Grand Forks, ND on 16 May '88 (Red Pontiac) and 11 May '89 (Norchip). Plots consisted of 4 25-ft rows ('88) and 4 25-ft rows ('89) planted 38 inches apart and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 9 Aug '88 and 6 Jul '89 using a hand sprayer delivering 30 gal water/acre. Larval counts were taken before and 3-4 DAT in the middle 2 rows of each block. Drought conditions prevailed both yr and plant stress prevented further evaluation.
Insect Control on Snap Bean, 1989
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snap beans were planted 8 Aug at Rogers, AR. Plots were eight 100-ft rows (18-in spacing) with 3-ft alleys separating plots on the same row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block (13 treatments × 4 replications). Sprays were applied with a manually propelled bicycle sprayer equipped with 9 Spraying Systems TX4 nozzles and calibrated to deliver 15.6 gal/acre. Spray dates varied with treatment. Plants were sampled 25 Sep and 11 Oct by making 60 sweeps with a 15-in diameter sweep net in each plot. Plots were mechanically harvested 11 Oct and percent pod damage was determined.
Influence of Fenoxycarb on Pupation of the Tomato Pinworm in the Lab, Fall 1988
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Neonate larvae of the tomato pinworm were exposed to fenoxycarb (ABG 6231) by 2 methods in the laboratory. In the first, excised leaflets of tomato seedlings grown in a greenhouse were dipped in either water or a preparation of fenoxycarb. When the leaflets were dry, they were placed individually in plastic cups on a filter paper disc moistened with water and each was infested with 5 larvae. In the second method, excised leaflets were placed into cups and infested as above. After 24 hrs, the leaflets were dipped in either water or a preparation of fenoxycarb. After the leaflets were dry, they were returned to the cups. After about 2 wk, an additional untreated tomato leaflet was placed into each cup and pupation observed on an irregular schedule for about another 2 wk. There were 20 cups (replicates)/treatment within each method.
Use of Labeled Insecticides for Control of Alfalfa Insects in Wisconsin, 1989
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Roberts C. H. , Onks D. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental Plots measuring 12 m × 15 m were established in a field of'Olds 88' alfalfa at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Research Station in Columbia County. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, and applied on 24 Jul by using a tractor-mounted compressed air sprayer equipped with 8002 Teejet flat fan nozzles delivering 141 liters of finished spray/ha at 35 PSI. The insecticide impregnated dry fertilizer was prepared by placing the dry fertilizer in plastic bags and slowly spraying the formulated insecticide with a hand mist sprayer onto the fertilizer while mixing periodically to ensure a uniform mixture. This mixture was then applied with a push-type broadcast spreader in a checkerboard pattern to ensure proper coverage. Insect abundance was estimated by taking twenty consecutive pendulum sweeps in each plot with a 38 cm diameter sweep net.
Black Cutworm Control in Buckwheat, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Montgomery Clark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An unusual migration of black cutworm into northern Minnesota led to a larval infestation that devastated buckwheat planted in former wild rice fields in the Washkish area. Plot size was 25 ft × 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Insecticides were applied with a hand held CO2 sprayer with 40 psi pressure and total material equal to 8 gal/acre. The date of application was 1 Jul with air temperatures in the 70s°F. The site contained deep peats and no tillage followed application. The number of dead larvae/m2 were counted and the data analyzed.
Efficacy of Comite Against Overwintering Banks Grass Mite in a Roadside Ditch, 1988 and 1989
Authors: Spomer S. M. , Godfrey L. D. , Seymour R. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a roadside ditch, adjacent to a center-pivot irrigated field of corn located near Dickens, Lincoln Co., NB. This ditch presumably harbored overwintering colonies of BGM, as infestations in the corn adjacent to the ditch occurred on an annual basis since at least 1985. The ditch consisted mostly of smooth brome, interspersed with little bluestem, milkweed, and winged dock. The brome was about 10 cm tall when sprayed, and the adjacent corn was pregermination. Treatment consisted of Comite applied at 5 pts/acre, at the rate of 81 ml of Comite and 15 liters of water per 1500 ft2 (plot size) with a Solo 425 backpack sprayer, which delivered approximately 1 liter/min. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with one spray treatment and one untreated check per block, replicated twice in 1988 and 3 times in 1989. Ten randomly selected corn plants in the second row from the edge adjacent to each plot were visually inspected for BGM at the 6-leaf and early tassel stage. One or more adult female BGM constituted an infestation.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Roman Hector 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A cooperative trial with Sigco Research was established at Breckenridge, MN, on a clay soil with poor internal drainage. The trial was planted 3 May using a cone type 6 row planter. All insecticides except the foliars were combined with the seed and planted together. Plots were 6-15 inch rows 20 ft in length and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Foliars were applied on 14 May and 6 Jun using a CO2 sprayer with 40 psi in 17 gal total material/acre. Three additional foliar applications were made in mid- and late-Jul.
Comparative Efficacy of Corn Rootworm Insecticide Rates in South Dakota, 1989
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide trials were conducted in dryland corn using standard recommended and reduced rates of commonly used granular insecticides. Garretson, Nunda, Rutland, and 2 Lake Andes sites served as locations for these studies. The experimental design for all studies was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 15 m in length, with 96.5 cm row spacing. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially-adapted Kinze, 4-row corn planter. The metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. Insecticide granules were applied in a 7-inch band in front of the furrow-closing wheels and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Furrow applications were directed immediately between the double disk furrow openers. Wilson brand 1100 was the corn variety utilized, and it was seeded at a rate of 22,100 kernels/ acre at all study locations. Five roots/replication were dug from each treatment. Roots were washed, examined for rootworm feeding damage, and rated in accordance to the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. Sufficient levels of soil moisture were present at all locations.
Black Cutworm Control, 1989
Authors: Chaddha S. , Ostlie K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Performance of granular and liquid insecticides against BCW was evaluated with artificial infestations at the Rosemount Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatment plots, each measuring 4 rows (30-inch spacing) × 50 ft, were established in corn planted on 2 Jun. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Granular insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band ahead of the presswheel or in furrow at planting with modified Noble applicators mounted on a John Deere 7100 MaxiMerge planter. When corn reached the 2-leaf stage a central portion of each plot (2 rows × 15 ft) was enclosed by an aluminum barrier buried 3-4 inches into the soil that projected 4 to 5 inches above soil level. Plant population within the barriers was thinned to 23,900 plants/acre. Liquid insecticides were broadcast on 15 Jun am using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 21 gal/acre at 25 psi through 8002 nozzles. During application, air temperature averaged 77°F and winds ranged from still to 2 mph. Each plot was infested with a mixture of 40 third and fourth instar black cutwork larvae on the evening of 15 Jun and early morning of 16 Jun. Plots were examined every 2-3 d for leaf feeding and cutting. Cut plants were marked with a plastic stake to avoid misses or recounts as undamaged plant on later visits. On 27 Jun (11 d after infestation), each plot was censused with the number of injured plants and dead plants recorded. Before analysis, percentage data were subjected to an arcsine transformation.
Corn Root Protection Against Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1988
Authors: Hein Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time soil insecticides were applied at 2 locations in the Nebraska Panhandle. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plot areas were planted on 6 May (Mitchell) and 9 May (Scottsbluff) by the cooperating growers and maintained with standard cropping practices. Care was taken to ensure that no insecticides were applied when the corn was planted. Immediately after planting, single-row test plots were established by applying different insecticide treatments in 7-inch band over the seed row with a bicycle-type push applicator. Insecticides were metered by using calibrated Noble metering units. A dragchain was used to provide incorporation for the granules. Cultivation applications were applied by directing the insecticide at the base of the plants and covering with soil. Evaluations were made by digging 5 roots/rep for each treatment on 20 Jul. Roots were washed and rated for corn rootworm feeding damage by using the Iowa 1-6 damage rating scale. Corn in these tests was grown under furrow irrigation. Irrigation began about Jun 20-25. The soil in this area is a sandy loam with low organic matter content (0.5-1.5%) and high pH (7.1-7.7).
First Generation White Apple Leafhopper Timing Experiment, 1989
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 9-yr-old orchard with undertree irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Treatments were blocked on pretreatment leafhopper counts. Thiodan 50 WP (1.5 lb (AI)/acre) was applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 300 psi. Per-acre rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. Spray applications were timed at 75°D intervals beginning at an accumulation of 325°D after Mar 1 (lower threshold = 48°F, upper threshold = 90°F). Dates of application were as follows: 325°D on 4 May; 400°D on 8 May; 475°D on 17 May; and 550°D on 24 May. The first spray was timed to correspond with hatch of overwintering eggs. WALH densities were determined by counting nymphs on 20 randomly selected leaves/tree (80 leaves per treatment). Cumulative leafhopper days were calculated by averaging 2 successive nymph counts, multiplying by the number of intervening days, and summing these over the generation.
Evaluation of Planting and Rescue Treatments for Bcw Control, 1989
Authors: McCartney D. A. , Stinner B. R. , Reed J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A plot was established in 1989 to evaluate the efficacy of labeled and experimental insecticides for control of BCW by planting and rescue treatments. The plot was established at OARDC, Wooster, OH on a Wooster silt loam soil. All plots were conventionally tilled. Pioneer 3352 was planted 18 May in 30 inch row spacing in plots measuring 10 ft long by 2 rows wide. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used, barriered treatment areas measured 5 × 5 ft and infested with 25 4th instar BCW larvae 29 May. Rescue treatments were infested 2 h prior to application with 25 4th instar BCW larvae on 29 May. Planting time treatments were applied with Gandy metering units driven by 12 V electric motors mounted on an Allis Chalmers no-till planter banding granules ahead of the press wheel in a 7 inch band or in furrow on 18 May. Spray treatments were applied at a delivery rate of 20 gal/acre using 8003E nozzles at 1.5 mph. Plots were evaluated 2 and 6 Jun for damaged plants/barrier. Results are presented as total BCW damaged plants/barrier and data were subjected to analysis of variance with Least Significant Diffrence used to rank means.
Corn Rootworm Control, 1989
Authors: Meinke L. J. , Barnhart M. R. , Brown J. F. , Weissling T. J. , Golden K. L. , Peters L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time (Test 1) and first-cultivation (Test 2) soil insecticide trials were conducted at Mead and in Clay County, NE. Plots at both sites were in trap crop (no insecticide) during 1988 and had been used periodically for multiclass soil insecticide trials during the last 10 yr. The soil type at each site was a silty clay loam. The experimental design for each test was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each replication consisted of single-row treatments that were 35 ft (Mead) or 40 ft (Clay) long and 30 inches apart. Equipment for Test 1 consisted of modified V-belt seeders mounted on a planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were placed on the V-belts and directed into the seed furrow or banded over the row in front of the press wheel. Noble granular insecticide metering units mounted on a hand-powered bicycle applicator were used to apply soil insecticides in Test 2. Granules were banded directly over the plant whorl and then immediately incorporated by the cultivator. The Mead and Clay County trials were planted 2 May and 26 Apr, respectively. Test 2 treatments were applied 5 June (Mead) and 6 June (Clay). Soil was relatively dry when insecticides were applied in Test 1. Soil moisture conditions were excellent for insecticide incorporation during Test 2. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected 5 Jun at Mead. Stand counts were taken during late May. Feeding damage was evaluated 12-13 Jul at Mead and 20 Jul at Clay County by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage utilizing the Iowa 1-6 scale. Data were subjected to ANOVA.
Corn Rootworm Control in Extended Diapause Fields, 1988
Authors: Ostlie K. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A trial was established near Minnesota Lake, MN, to investigate the feasibility of using reduced soil insecticide rates in extended diapause situations. NCR damage to corn grown in a corn/soybean rotation on this field was first reported in 1984. Since then root injury to untreated corn has averaged 3.2 (Iowa 1 to 6 scale) in this field. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plot size was 4 rows (30-inch spacing) × 400 ft. Insecticides were applied at planting on 30 Apr using field-calibrated insecticide boxes on a John Deere 7100 MaxiMerge planter. All treatments were applied as a 7-inch band ahead of the presswheel. Although the soil was moist at planting, drought conditions prevailed during most of the summer. Thirty adult emergence traps (0.5 m2) were placed in untreated rows to determine the composition of emerging beetles. Insecticide performance was evaluated on 1 Aug by rating injury on 5 roots/plot using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. On 16 Sep lodging and yield were measured. Lodged plants (stalk base at least 45°) from vertical were counted from one 50-plant count per plot. Yield was determined from 3 hand-harvested samples (1/1000 acre)/plot.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control on Field Corn, 1989
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Midgarden D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in Shenandoah County, VA to determine the effects of several commercial and experimental granular insecticides for controlling corn rootworm larvae. The field used in this experiment has been in continuous corn since 1960. Soil type for this field is characterized as a Unison silty loam. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 30-ft long and consisted of 2 rows spaced 30 inches apart. A John Deere, 2-row Max-Emerge planter was used to plant all plots at a plant population density of 26,000 plants/acre on 19 May. Insecticide granules were applied in front of the press wheels either directly in the seed furrow or in a 5-inch T-band over the furrow, depending on the treatment. Prior to application, the regular granular insecticide applicators were removed from each side of the planter in order to accommodate 2 wooden boxes designed to hold inverted pint canning jars (Mason) for dispensing the insecticide granules. Attached to the underside of both wooden boxes was a plastic funnel and tube through which the insecticide granules flowed. A single opening, drilled into the lid of each jar, was laboratory-calibrated to deliver insecticides accurately at a tractor speed of 3 mph. The possibility of mixing one or more insecticides was avoided by using a separate jar and lid for each treatment. At the start of application, 2 jars containing the appropriate insecticide granules were inverted and placed in the box holders. This method helped minimize soil compaction because the tractor made only one pass/plot. On 19 Jul, the roots of 5 corn plants were dug from each plot and washed to remove excess soil. Corn rootworm damage ratings were based on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding to 6, 3 or more root nodes completely destroyed). Stand counts were made on 9 Aug, by determining the number of corn plants in 3 separate, 3.3-row ft sections per plot.
Aphid Efficacy Test, 1989
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘DPL 20’ cotton was planted 23 May on a commerce silt loam soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plots were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots received an in-furrow treatment of Temik, 0.5 lb (AI)/acre, and Terraclor Super X fungicide, 0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, at planting. The plots were treated for boll weevils with methyl parathion on 3 Jun, and Guthion on 1 Aug. Test treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots, delivering 5 gal/acre with 2 X-6 hollow-cone nozzles/row. Applications were made on 21 Jul. Observations on aphids were made using plant washing procedures. Five terminals/plant were randomly collected, placed in jars and transported to the laboratory. Plant terminals were washed and aphids were collected on 300 mesh sieves and backwashed to lined filter paper and counted with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. The data were recorded at 3 and 5 DAT.
Heliothis Control with Insecticides, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was designed to compare Asana XL and Baythroid, each with and without Folex as a possible synergist, and Cypermethrin with Curacron as a possible synergist. Plots were 4 rows wide and 40 ft long with 3 replications arranged in a randomized complete block. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer with wide angle fan tip to deliver 15 gal/acre. There was a moth flight during the period of 5 to 11 Jul which consisted of 90% tobacco budworm. An average of 60 eggs/100 terminals were deposited. Applications were made on 11 Jul (washed off), 12 Jul, and 19 Jul. Treatments and rates, lb (AI)/acre, were as follows: Asana XL, 0.025 and 0.03; Asana XL, 0.025, + Folex, 0.025; Baythroid, 0.025 and 0.03; Baythroid, 0.025, + Folex, 0.025; Ultra Curacron, 0.36, + Cypermethrin, 0.03; and an untreated check. The percent square damage and boll damage was determined by examining 50 square and bolls at random in each plot on 19, 26 Jul, and 3 Aug. Yield was obtained on 26 Aug by stripping 2 center rows of each plot.