bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized single-blind comparative study of the midazolam/pethidine combination and midazolam alone during bronchoscopy
Authors: Katsurada Masahiro , Tachihara Motoko , Katsurada Naoko , Takata Naoya , Sato Hiroki , Mimura Chihiro , Yoshioka Junya , Furukawa Koichi , Yumura Masako , Otoshi Takehiro , Yasuda Yuichiro , Kiriu Tatsunori , Hazama Daisuke , Nagano Tatsuya , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Nishimura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Bronchoscopy can be a distress for the patient. There have been few studies on the combination of sedatives and opioids. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness and safety of administration of the combination of midazolam and pethidine during bronchoscopy.

Methods
In this prospective randomized single (patient)-blind study, we randomly assigned 100 patients who were scheduled to undergo bronchoscopy biopsy to receive treatment with either the midazolam/pethidine combination (combination group) or midazolam alone (midazolam group) during examinations. After the end of bronchoscopy, patients completed a questionnaire and the visual analogue scale was measured. The primary outcome was the patients’ acceptance of re-examination assessed by visual analogue scale. We also assessed pain levels, vital signs, midazolam use, xylocaine use, and adverse events. Univariate analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test for categorical data, and the t-test or Mann-Whitney test was carried out for analysis of numeric data. All P-values were two-sided, and values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
We analyzed 47 patients in the combination group and 49 patients in the midazolam group. The primary outcome was a good trend in the combination group, but not significantly different (3.82 ± 2.3 in combination group versus 4.17 ± 2.75 in midazolam alone, P = 0.400). In the combination group, the visual analog scale score for pain during bronchoscopy was significantly lower (1.10 ± 1.88 versus 2.13 ± 2.42, P = 0.022), and the sedation level score per the modified observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation scale was significantly deeper (3.49 ± 0.98 versus 3.94 ± 1.03, P = 0.031). Maximal systolic blood pressure during testing was significantly lower (162.39 ± 23.45 mmHg versus 178.24 ± 30.24 mmHg, P = 0.005), and the number of additional administrations of midazolam was significantly lower (2.06 ± 1.45 versus 2.63 ± 1.35, P = 0.049). There were also significantly fewer adverse events (30 versus 41, P = 0.036).

Conclusions
The combination uses of midazolam and pethidine for sedation resulted in significant improvements in the pain, blood pressure, additional use of midazolam, and safety during bronchoscopy among patients.

Trial registration
This study was registered in the University Medical Hospital Information Network in Japan (UMINCTR Registration number: UMIN000032230, Registered: 13/April/2018).
A very rare case report of glycogen storage disease type IXc with novel PHKG2 variants
Authors: Shao Yongxian , Li Taolin , Jiang Minyan , Xu Jianan , Huang Yonglan , Li Xiuzhen , Zheng Ruidan , Liu Li 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Pathogenic mutations in the PHKG2 are associated with a very rare disease—glycogen storage disease IXc (GSD-IXc)—and are characterized by severe liver disease.

Case presentation
Here, we report a patient with jaundice, hypoglycaemia, growth retardation, progressive increase in liver transaminase and prominent hepatomegaly from the neonatal period. Genetic testing revealed two novel, previously unreported PHKG2 mutations (F233S and R320DfsX5). Functional experiments indicated that both F223S and R320DfsX5 lead to a decrease in key phosphorylase b kinase enzyme activity. With raw cornstarch therapy, hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis were ameliorated and serum aminotransferases decreased.

Conclusion
These findings expand the gene spectrum and contribute to the interpretation of clinical presentations of these two novel PHKG2 mutations.
Changes from 1986 to 2018 in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, metabolic control and treatment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a Mediterranean area of Southeast Spain
Authors: Pastor-Fajardo María Teresa , Fajardo-Giménez María Teresa , Bosch-Giménez Vicente María , Pastor-Rosado José 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent decades, a global increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been observed in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional, population study examined three groups (1986, 2007, and 2018) of children and adolescents aged < 16 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization recommendations.

Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents was 30.2% (95% CI: 23.1–38.3). There was a significant increase from 1986 to 2007 (11.9% to 41.7%, p = 0.002) and from 1986 to 2018 (11.9% to 34.8%, p = 0.012), but no significant differences were found from 2007 to 2018 (41.7% to 34.8%, p = 0.492). The age at diagnosis was lower in the group with excess body mass (p = 0.037). No significant differences were observed in age (p = 0.690), duration of diabetes (p = 0.163), distribution according to sex (p = 0.452), metabolic control (HbA1c, p = 0.909), or insulin units kg/day (p = 0.566), between diabetic patients with overweight or obesity and those with normal weight. From 2007 to 2018, the use of insulin analogs (p = 0.009) and a higher number of insulin doses (p = 0.007) increased significantly, with no increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Conclusions
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents increased in the 1990s and the beginning of the twenty-first century, with stabilization in the last decade. Metabolic control and DM1 treatment showed no association with this trend.
Neonatal mortality and associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Gandhi memorial hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Zelalem Ayichew Metasebiya , Derseh Gezie Lemma , Gelagay Abebaw Addis , Anmut Bitew Desalegn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia witnessed an unprecedented decline in under-5 and neonatal mortalities since 2000. But, neonatal mortality still accounts for the largest proportion of under-five child mortality. Quality of service at hospitals may vary and determine the magnitude of neonatal mortality.

Objective
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal mortality among newborns Admitted to the Neonatal intensive care unit of Gandhi Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 31, 2019. A sample of one in every 2 admitted patients was included in the study. our exclusion criterion was neonates who had no mothers or guardians and/or neonatal medical records incomplete for status at discharge. We used the Systematic random sampling technique to select the study participants. A pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and a preliminary tested checklist were used to collect primary and secondary data respectively. Descriptive and summary statistics were performed. A binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables that had a P-value of < 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 570 neonates who have mothers were involved in the study giving a response rate of 98.8%. The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 7.7% (95% CI: 5.7, 9.8). Mothers' educational status (No education (AOR 3.37, CI 95%, 1.02–11.20), premature rupture of membrane (prolonged PROM) (AOR 5.59, CI 95%, 1.05–29.76), and birth weight less than 2500gm (AOR 3.23, CI 95%, 1.17–8.90) are the significant factors associated with neonatal mortality.

Conclusion
The prevalence of neonatal mortality at Gandhi memorial hospital was generally high. As our finding revealed, neonates who are underweight and whose mothers have no formal education as well as have prolonged PROM have higher odds of neonatal mortality. Thus, clinicians, policymakers, and program managers should give special attention to neonates of none educated mothers, mothers with prolonged PROM, and neonates with low birth weight.
Protecting my injured child: a qualitative study of parents’ experience of caring for a child with a displaced distal radius fracture
Authors: Phelps E. E. , Tutton E. , Costa M. L. , Achten J. , Moscrop A. , Perry D. C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Childhood fractures can have a significant impact on the daily lives of families affecting children’s normal activities and parent’s work. Wrist fractures are the most common childhood fracture. The more serious wrist fractures, that can look visibly bent, are often treated with surgery to realign the bones; but this may not be necessary as bent bones straighten in growing children. The children’s radius acute fracture fixation trial (CRAFFT) is a multicentre randomised trial of surgery versus a cast without surgery for displaced wrist fractures. Little is known about how families experience these wrist fractures and how they manage treatment uncertainty. This study aimed to understand families’ experience of this injury and what it is like to be asked to include their child in a clinical trial.

Methods
Nineteen families (13 mothers, 7 fathers, 2 children) from across the UK participated in telephone interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Our findings highlight parents’ desire to be a good parent through the overarching theme “protecting my injured child”. To protect their child after injury, parents endeavoured to make the right decisions about treatment and provide comfort to their child but they experienced ongoing worry about their child’s recovery. Our findings show that parents felt responsible for the decision about their child’s treatment and their child’s recovery. They also reveal the extent to which parents worried about the look of their child’s wrist and their need for reassurance that the wrist was healing.

Conclusion
Our findings show that protecting their child after injury can be challenging for parents who need support to make decisions about treatment and confidently facilitate their child’s recovery. They also highlight the importance of providing information about treatments, acknowledging parents’ concerns and their desire to do the right thing for their child, reassuring parents that their child’s wrist will heal and ensuring parents understand what to expect as their child recovers.
Left-sided heart failure burden and mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based study
Authors: Koteci Ardita , Morgan Ann D. , Portas Laura , Whittaker Hannah R. , Kallis Constantinos , George Peter M. , Quint Jennifer K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet the extent of left-sided heart failure (HF) burden, whether this has changed with time and whether HF impacts mortality risk in these patients are unknown. The aims of this study were therefore to determine the temporal trends in incidence and prevalence of left-sided HF in patients with IPF in England and compare these to published estimates in the general population and those with comparable chronic respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as determine the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with comorbid left-sided HF and IPF at population-level using electronic healthcare data.

Methods
Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum primary-care data linked to mortality and secondary-care data was used to identify IPF patients in England. Left-sided HF prevalence and incidence rates were calculated for each calendar year between 2010 and 2019, stratified by age and sex. Risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and IPF-specific mortality was calculated using multivariate Cox regression.

Results
From 40,577patients with an IPF code in CPRD Aurum, 25, 341 IPF patients met inclusion criteria. Left-sided HF prevalence decreased from 33.4% (95% CI 32.2–34.6) in 2010 to 20.9% (20.0–21.7) in 2019. Left-sided HF incidence rate per 100 person-years (95% CI) remained stable between 2010 and 2017 but decreased from 4.3 (3.9–4.8) in 2017 to 3.4 (3.0–3.9) in 2019. Throughout follow-up, prevalence and incidence were higher in men and with increasing age. Comorbid HF was associated with poorer survival (adjusted HR (95%CI) 1.08 (1.03–1.14) for all-cause mortality; 1.32 (1.09–1.59) for cardiovascular mortality).

Conclusion
Left-sided HF burden in IPF patients in England remains high, with incidence almost 4 times higher than in COPD, a comparable lung disease with similar cardiovascular risk factors. Comorbid left-sided HF is also a poor prognostic marker. More substantial reduction in left-sided HF prevalence than incidence suggests persistently high IPF mortality. Given rising IPF incidence in the UK, this calls for better management of comorbidities such as left-sided HF to help optimise IPF survival.
Development of dermatomyositis after anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1-γ antibody seroconversion during treatment for small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sato Yuki , Tanino Yoshinori , Nikaido Takefumi , Togawa Ryuichi , Kawamata Takaya , Watanabe Natsumi , Sato Riko , Yamada Ryuki , Onuma Takumi , Tomita Hikaru , Saito Mikako , Rikimaru Mami , Morimoto Julia , Suzuki Yasuhito , Minemura Hiroyuki , Saito Junpei , Kanazawa Kenya , Yamada Syoki , Hashimoto Yuko , Shibata Yoko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory myositis, such as dermatomyositis, is sometimes complicated by cancer and is recognized as cancer-associated myositis. Although some autoimmune antibodies are considered to be involved in the development of myositis in cancer patients, the precise mechanism has not been clarified. The findings of the present case shed light on the mechanism by which anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1)-γ Ab was produced and the pathogenesis of cancer-associated myositis.

Case presentation
We describe a case of dermatomyositis that developed in a 67-year-old man who had been diagnosed with small cell lung cancer of clinical T4N3M0 stage IIIB/limited disease during treatment. He received systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and dermatomyositis developed along with a significant decrease in tumor size. TIF1-γ Ab, which is one of the myositis-specific antibodies, was found to be seroconverted. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed that cancer cells were positive for the TIF1-γ antigen.

Conclusion
The findings of the present case suggest that transcriptional intermediary factor 1-γ, which is released from tumor cells, induces the production of TIF1-γ Ab, leading to the development of dermatomyositis.
Associations between serum vitamin D3, atherogenic indices of plasma and cardiometabolic biomarkers among patients with diabetes in the KERCADR study
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Najafipour Hamid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
We sought the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH) D3) levels and atherogenic indices of plasma as novel predictive biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
The present study was a nested case-control study conducted on 252 participants with T2DM and controls from the second phase of the KERCADR cohort study. The participants with a mean (±SD) age of 49.79 ± 5.85 years were randomly selected and allocated into case and control groups. Independent t-test, Hierarchical Linear Regression, Univariate ANOVA, and partial correlation were used for analysis the data. Atherogenic indices of plasma include Castelli Risk Index I (CRI I), Castelli Risk Index II (CRI II), and the novel Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC).

Results
There was a significant difference among case and control groups for AIP in males and females (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). The levels of AIP, CRI I, and AC significantly decreased (P = 0.017, P = 0.029, and P = 0.029, respectively) with improved serum vitamin D status only in control male participants. The main effect of BMI and vitamin D status on AIP, CRI I, and AC, and the main effect of BMI on CRI I, CRI II, and AC were significant in control males and females, respectively.

Conclusion
We conclude that there is a reverse significant association between AIP and serum vitamin D among healthy males. Low serum level of vitamin D is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Therefore, improving vitamin D status as an important indicator may alleviate AIP as a surrogate marker for predicting the risk of CVD events in healthy men and women with normal BMI.
Digital science platform: an interactive web application and database of osteological material for anatomy education
Authors: Regulski Piotr , Tomczyk Jacek , Białowarczuk Mariusz , Nowak Wojciech , Niezgódka Marek 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
To meet the remote-learning constraints imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Digital Science Platform was developed. Human anatomy courses require practical classes that involve working on prepared specimens, although access to such specimens has been restricted. Therefore, the aim was to prepare appropriate-quality, scanned 3D model databases of human bone specimens and an interactive web application for universal access to educational materials.

Main body
The database is located on the pcn.cnt.edu.pl website and contains 412 three-dimensional osteological models created via a structured light scanner, tomography and microtomography. The webservice contains a search engine and enables interactive visualization of the models. The database can be accessed, without restrictions, by any student or researcher wishing to use the models for noncommercial purposes. The stored models can be visualized with the open-source VisNow platform, which is also available to download from the webservice. The MariaDB backend database was deployed, and an Apache server with a personal home page (PHP) frontend was used.

Conclusion
The models in the database are unique due to the specific digitalization process and skeleton specimen origin. Further development of the Digital Science Platform is foreseen in the near future to digitize other valuable materials.
To teach or not to teach? Assessing medical school faculty motivation to teach in the era of curriculum reform
Authors: Hanson Elizabeth R. , Gantwerker Eric A. , Chang Deborah A. , Nagpal Ameet S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical schools have undergone a period of continual curricular change in recent years, particularly with regard to pre-clinical education. While these changes have many benefits for students, the impact on faculty is less clear.MethodsIn this study, faculty motivation to teach in the pre-clinical medical curriculum was examined using self-determination theory (SDT) as a framework. Basic science and clinical faculty were surveyed on factors impacting their motivation to teach using validated scales of motivation as well as open-ended questions which were coded using self-determination theory (SDT) as a guiding framework.ResultsFaculty reported that teaching activities often meet their basic psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Professors were more likely than associate professors to report that teaching met their need for autonomy. Faculty were more motivated by intrinsic as compared to external factors, although basic science faculty were more likely than clinical faculty to be motivated by external factors. Motivating and de-motivating factors fell into the themesResources, Recognition and Rewards, Student Factors, Self-Efficacy, Curriculum, Contribution,andEnjoyment. The majority of factors tied to the faculty’s need for relatedness. Based on these findings, a conceptual model for understanding medical school faculty motivation to teach was developed.ConclusionsAssessing faculty motivation to teach provided valuable insights into how faculty relate to their teaching roles and what factors influence them to continue in those roles. This information may be useful in guiding future faculty development and research efforts.
Registered Nurses' experiences of reading and using research for work and education: a qualitative research study
Authors: Hines Sonia , Ramsbotham Joanne , Coyer Fiona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable resources have been expended, both in universities and health workplaces to improve nurses' abilities to interact with research and research literature to enable their engagement with evidence-based practice. Despite these efforts, a considerable number of nurses experience difficulty with research literature and are reluctant to use it in practice.AimsThis study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of Registered Nurses when they have been required to read and understand research literature for work or education.DesignA qualitative descriptive study using online and in-person focus groups.MethodsFocus groups (online and in-person) were conducted between June and November 2020. Forty participants were included. We used focus group recordings and field notes to collect data. Transcribed records of these focus groups were coded on the basis of similarity of meaning and then subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsThree distinct themes were identified from the data: 'coming into learning about research', fitting research into the reality of nursing life', and 'working towards using research.' Participants described their early experiences in learning about research, experiences both positive and negative in integrating research into practice, and their personal strategies for reading and using research, particularly in the context of significant anxiety about understanding the content of methods and results sections of quantitative research articles.ConclusionThis study goes beyond the barriers and facilitators dichotomy that has been the majority of the conversation about nurses' evidence-based practice engagement previously, and explores the issues underlying aversion to research literature. Many nurses struggle with the language, numbers, and/or statistics used in research and this requires educational interventions suited to the problem and the population.