bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytology as a rapid tool in diagnosing tuberculosis of the parotid gland: A case series with a review of the literature
Authors: Kamal Nidhi , Aden Durre , Sufian Zaheer , Singh Mukul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTubercular infection of the parotid gland often confuses clinicians, it being a rare entity even in an endemic area. Its similarity in presentation with that of parotid neoplasms, nonspecific symptoms, low incidence and non‐contributory radiological findings often leads to its misdiagnosis as parotid neoplasm, which in the due course results in parotidectomy. Therefore, FNAC of parotid swelling is helpful to avoid unnecessary surgery and patient discomfort. We report four cases of FNAC of parotid swelling with suspicion of neoplasm/inflammatory lesion and were diagnosed as tuberculosis of the parotid gland. They were advised antitubercular drugs for 6 months and followed up. These case are reported not just to highlight that parotid is a rare site for tuberculosis, but also to ascertain that FNAC can be an easy and fast diagnostic modality for confirmation of tubercular parotitis rather than going through the long way of resection and confirmation on histopathology.
Influence of different data cleaning solutions of point‐occurrence records on downstream macroecological diversity models
Authors: Führding‐Potschkat Petra , Kreft Holger , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDigital point‐occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other data providers enable a wide range of research in macroecology and biogeography. However, data errors may hamper immediate use. Manual data cleaning is time‐consuming and often unfeasible, given that the databases may contain thousands or millions of records. Automated data cleaning pipelines are therefore of high importance. Taking North American Ephedra as a model, we examined how different data cleaning pipelines (using, e.g., the GBIF web application, and four different R packages) affect downstream species distribution models (SDMs). We also assessed how data differed from expert data. From 13,889 North American Ephedra observations in GBIF, the pipelines removed 31.7% to 62.7% false positives, invalid coordinates, and duplicates, leading to datasets between 9484 (GBIF application) and 5196 records (manual‐guided filtering). The expert data consisted of 704 records, comparable to data from field studies. Although differences in the absolute numbers of records were relatively large, species richness models based on stacked SDMs (S‐SDM) from pipeline and expert data were strongly correlated (mean Pearson's r across the pipelines: .9986, vs. the expert data: .9173). Our results suggest that all R package‐based pipelines reliably identified invalid coordinates. In contrast, the GBIF‐filtered data still contained both spatial and taxonomic errors. Major drawbacks emerge from the fact that no pipeline fully discovered misidentified specimens without the assistance of taxonomic expert knowledge. We conclude that application‐filtered GBIF data will still need additional review to achieve higher spatial data quality. Achieving high‐quality taxonomic data will require extra effort, probably by thoroughly analyzing the data for misidentified taxa, supported by experts.
Application development and practice model for radiation education
Authors: Tokumoto Ieyasu , Hirozumi Toyokazu , Sakai Masaru , Nishiwaki Junko , Kato Chihiro , Watanabe Kunio , Mizoguchi Masaru , Ishikawa Yohei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japanese soil scientists have tackled soil contamination problems due to radioactive cesium. For the radiation education based on the research results and outreach activities, we published a comic book and developed a digital application using iOS Xcode for Apple iPhone and tablet devices. This allows students to quickly understand why clay soil absorbed cesium and how to remove contaminated soil using educational mini‐games. Through radiation education seminars and a conference, our application was evaluated and revised by school teachers.
Decongestion improving right heart function ameliorates prognosis after an acute heart failure episode
Authors: Hullin Roger , Tzimas Georgios , Barras Nicolas , Abdurashidova Tamila , Soborun Nisha , Aur Stefania , Regamey Julien , Hugelshofer Sarah , Lu Henri , Crisinel Vanessa , Daux Aurelien , Vinet Elise , Mekoa‐Mbarga Sandra Joelle‐Regina , Kirsch Matthias , Müller Olivier , Hugli Olivier , Monney Pierre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic role of decongestion‐related change of cardiac morphology and in particular right heart function has not been investigated comprehensively in AHF patients.Methods and resultsThis prospective observational single‐centre study included consecutive patients hospitalized for treatment of AHF with reduced, mildly‐reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography at admission and discharge assessed decongestion‐related change of cardiac function and morphology. The combined endpoint of 1 year all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular rehospitalization explored the prognostic importance of decongestion‐related change. The 176 study participants were 83 years old [74–87] and 54% were men. Fifty one (29%) had rLVEF, 65 (37%) mrLVEF, and 60 (34%) pLVEF. The proportion of de novo or worsening chronic HF was not different between LVEF groups. HF aetiology and cardiovascular risk factors were equally distributed across all groups except for a higher BMI in the pLVEF group. Decongestion equally reduced body weight, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, tricuspid regurgitation gradient, and inferior vena cava diameter across all groups (P < 0.004 for all). Decongestion‐related increase in TAPSE independent of the LVEF was associated with improvement of right‐ventricular‐pulmonary artery coupling and a lower incidence of the combined outcome in the Cox proportional hazard risk analysis (unadjusted HR 0.50 95% CI 0.33–0.78, P = 0.002; adjusted HR 0.46 95% CI: 0.33–0.78, P = 0.001).ConclusionsDecongestion‐related increase in TAPSE and recovery of RV/pulmonary artery coupling was observed across all LVEF groups and associated with a risk reduction for the combined endpoint highlighting the important prognostic role of right heart recovery after an AHF episode.
A comparative experimental and theoretical study on the structural and optical properties of ZnO synthesized at room temperature using an ultrasonication technique
Authors: Malik Khurshaid Ahmad , Malik Javied Hamid , Assadullah Insaaf , Bhat Aadil Ahmad , Tomar Radha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present article we report a comparative experimental and theoretical study on the structural and optical properties of ZnO. First principle calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) to study the electronic structure of ZnO. The direct‐type band gap was found in the ZnO's typical estimated energy band structure in the Brillouin zone path G‐G or in the middle of the Γ k‐point grid. To develop UV/ZnO/O2/H2O2 system for photodegradation of organic contaminants in an aqueous system, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were synthesized using an ultrasonication process at ambient temperature. To test the photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanostructures, we used phenol red (PR) dye as a test substrate. We found that ZnO nanostructures photo‐degraded PR dye at a rate of over 90% under ultraviolet light irradiation, converting photonic energy into chemical energy (photocatalytic energy conversion) that can be used for water purification. To explore the structural, optical, morphological, and compositional characteristics of synthesized ZnO nanostructures, various techniques including powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used.
Evaluation of smoke gas toxicity and smoke density of bus interior materials
Authors: Sandinge Anna , Fredriksson Henrik , Blomqvist Per 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaterials used for interior parts in buses are today fire classified according to UNECE Regulation 118, evaluating the horizontal and vertical burning rates and the melting behaviour. However, in recent accidents, the smoke has been identified as the critical parameter for deaths. An evaluation has been made of six materials used as interior parts in busses and is presented in this paper. Fire testing was conducted according to UNECE R 118 and smoke production including smoke gas toxicity was further evaluated with the smoke chamber test, EN ISO 5659‐2 and EN 17084. All six tested materials fulfilled the requirements of UNECE R 118; however, most materials showed fire properties which are not desirable, such as dark smoke and melting of large burning pieces. The tests with the smoke chamber showed that all materials gave a very high smoke production, in fact a smoke density value of the highest possible for the equipment to measure. This occurred only after a few minutes of test time. Thus, it can be concluded that this high smoke production will, in case of fire in a bus, reduce the visibility, and limit the ability of the passengers to safely evacuate. In addition, several toxic gases were detected in the smoke, both irritants and suffocating gases.
Palynological study of the family Lythraceae J.St.‐Hil. in Iran; with special emphasis on the genera Ammannia, Lythrum, and Rotala
Authors: Mahmoodi Rana , Faghir Marzieh Beygom , Parsapanah Soheyla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the pollen morphology of 12 species belonging to the genera Ammannia, Lythrum, and Rotala of the family Lythraceae in Iran using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The pollen grains are oblate, suboblate, oblate spheroidal, spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, subprolate and prolate, tricolporate with three or six alternating pseudocolpi (heteroaperturate), striate or rugulate exine sculpturing, microverrucate to microbaculate and microechinate colpus membrane, microverrucate to microbaculate, and psilate pseudocolpi membrane sculpturing types. The results revealed that these characters are taxonomically informative and can be used to identify the three studied genera and their species. We used multivariate analysis to understand the importance of pollen morphological data in determining genera and species relationships. Our findings revealed that the pollen qualitative traits have significant role in determining the generic delimitation.
Global Swimways for the conservation of migratory freshwater fishes
Authors: Worthington Thomas A , van Soesbergen Arnout , Berkhuysen Arjan , Brink Kerry , Royte Joshua , Thieme Michele , Wanningen Herman , Darwall William 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have severely degraded the ecological integrity of global freshwater systems. Migratory freshwater fishes are especially threatened by the cumulative effects of multiple stressors and fragmentation, particularly those that impede access to critical habitats. To stimulate the conservation and protection of these species, we propose a “Global Swimways” program to identify rivers that support the migration routes of biologically and/or socioeconomically important freshwater fishes. We test the utility of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List data to support the identification of Global Swimways and present case study regions containing rivers with either high species richness (west‐central Africa and Southeast Asia), high numbers of threatened species (Eastern Europe and Central Asia), or multiple endemic species (the Rift Valley lakes in East Africa). We hope the Global Swimways program will provide metrics that can be used to identify rivers requiring increased protection or restoration, track trends, and stimulate the greater inclusion of migratory freshwater fishes in global policy mechanisms.Front Ecol Environ 2022;
Understanding shedders: Which socio‐demographic, health and wellbeing characteristics best inform appropriate health promotion action in men's sheds and a ‘Shed for Life’?
Authors: McGrath Aisling , Murphy Niamh , Egan Tom , Ormond Gillian , Richardson Noel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedMen's sheds (‘Sheds’) have been identified as inherently health promoting and as potential settings to engage ‘hard‐to‐reach’ men in more structured health promotion initiatives. However, little is known about the socio‐demographic or health and wellbeing characteristics of Shed members (‘Shedders’) on which such initiatives might be based. This study captures a baseline cross‐sectional analysis of Shedders (n = 384) who participated in ‘Sheds for Life’, a health promotion initiative tailored to Sheds.MethodsObjective health measures (body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids) captured via health screening as well as socio‐demographic and health and wellbeing measures (physical activity, subjective wellbeing, mental health, social capital, cooking and diet) via questionnaires were assessed. Descriptive statistics were generated and differences between groups were determined via parametric and non‐parametric testing. Bivariate analysis was used to determine associations and regression analysis then estimated various predictors on mental wellbeing, life satisfaction and loneliness.ResultsParticipants were mostly over 65 years (77.3%), retired (88.6%) with limited educational attainment (77%). The majority were in the ‘at‐risk’ categories for objective health measures, with most being referred to their GP following health screening (79.6%). Older Shedders were also more likely to meet physical activity guidelines. Mental wellbeing was positively correlated with life satisfaction and increased social capital and these were also positively correlated with physical activity (P < .05).ConclusionsFindings highlight the potential of Sheds in reaching a ‘hard‐to‐reach’ and ‘at‐risk’ cohort of men. Despite a high prevalence of ‘at‐risk’ objective health measures, participants report their health in positive terms. Future health promotion initiatives should capitalise on the inherent health‐promoting properties of Sheds.So What?Findings raise important implications for prioritising and designing health promotion initiatives in Shed settings.
Association between hemoglobin A1c, Vitamin C, and microbiome in diabetic foot ulcers and intact skin: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tong Khanh Phuong S. , Green Stefan J. , Ortiz Jacquelyn , Wu Stephanie C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) add billions of dollars to the direct annual costs associated with diabetes. Despite various treatments, many DFUs do not heal and become infected. Both skin‐associated microbial communities and glycemic control are believed to be important in nonhealing DFUs. Recent studies have linked serum Vitamin C levels with glycemic control and DFUs. This cross‐sectional study assessed skin microbiome in DFUs, intact diabetic skin, and nondiabetic skin to identify correlations between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Vitamin C, and microbial community structure. Correlations between Vitamin C, HbA1c, wound size, and ulcer duration were also determined.MethodsParticipants had their DFUs or intact skin culture swabbed. HbA1c was obtained via point‐of‐care fingerstick testing and serum Vitamin C was obtained via venipuncture. All participants completed a dietary questionnaire. Participants with ulcers were stratified into the controlled (≤8.0%) or uncontrolled (>8.0%) HbA1c group. Analysis of microbial communities was performed via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing and bacterial load was measured by the domain‐level quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsForty‐two patients were recruited over 6 months. Bacteria from the genera Staphylococcus and Stenotrophomonas were present in all samples and often dominant, but a shift towards anaerobic pathogenic taxa was observed in ulcers. No global significant differences were observed for HbA1c and Vitamin C levels in the microbial community structure (R < 0.013/p > 0.375). Bacterial loads were 4–5 orders of magnitude higher in ulcers than in intact skin samples. Bacterial load was not significantly higher in the uncontrolled HbA1c group (p = 0.67). Larger wound sizes (p = 0.46) were observed in the uncontrolled HbA1c group compared to the control. Lower Vitamin C levels (p = 0.002) were observed in the uncontrolled HbA1c group compared to nondiabetic controls.ConclusionUnderstanding the link between Vitamin C and HbA1c and DFU microbiome may aid in new therapies.
Stock Market Efficiency in Asia: Evidence from the Narayan–Liu–Westerlund's GARCH‐based unit root test
Authors: Yaya OlaOluwa S. , Adekoya Oluwasegun B. , Vo Xuan Vinh , Al‐Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStock market integration with efficiency is important in finance. This study therefore analyses the stock market efficiency in Vietnam and other Asian countries by using the recently developed Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)‐based unit root test of Narayan et al. to examine the stock market efficiency of Vietnam and other 18 Asian countries, using daily prices. Particularly, we examine weather stock market prices in these countries reflects all available information. The model flexibly accounts for heteroskedasticity and two structural breaks, the presence of which can lead to inaccurate results if neglected. Our results disclose the stock markets of 14 countries as inefficient following the rejection of the unit root null hypothesis. However, the stock markets of China, Hong Kong, Japan, and the Korea Republic are adjudged efficient. We further extend the model to accommodate a maximum of five breaks to check the robustness of our results to higher breaks. We observe that the results are largely consistent except for Lebanon and Singapore. For completeness, we compare the results with those of conventional GARCH models that do not account for structural breaks and discover differing results for some countries. Hence, the role of structural breaks is not negligible in assessing market efficiency. Future studies should also incorporate heteroskedasticity and structural breaks in their modelling framework to obtain accurate results.
Screening of in vitro and in silico effect of Fluorophenylthiourea compounds on glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzymes
Authors: Yıldız Muhammed Lütfü , Demir Yeliz , Küfrevioğlu Ömer Irfan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInhibition studies of enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) have recently emerged as a promising technique for pharmacological intervention in several illnesses. Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) are the most important enzymes of the PPP. For this purpose, in the current study, we examined the effect of some fluorophenylthiourea on G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activity. These compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against G6PD and 6PGD with KI values ranging from 21.60 ± 8.42 to 39.70 ± 11.26 μM, and 15.82 ± 1.54 to 29.97 ± 5.72 μM, respectively. 2,6‐difluorophenylthiourea displayed the most potent inhibitory effect for G6PD, and 2‐fluorophenylthiourea demonstrated the most substantial inhibitory effect for 6PGD. Furthermore, the molecular docking analyses of the fluorophenylthioureas, competitive inhibitors, were performed to understand the binding interactions at the enzymes' binding site.
On the generation of high‐resolution probabilistic design events capturing the joint occurrence of rainfall and storm surge in coastal basins
Authors: Kim Hanbeen , Villarini Gabriele , Jane Robert , Wahl Thomas , Misra Shubhra , Michalek Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoastal areas are subject to the joint risk associated with rainfall‐driven flooding and storm surge hazards. To capture this dependency and the compound nature of these hazards, bivariate modelling represents a straightforward and easy‐to‐implement approach that relies on observational records. Most existing applications focus on a single tide gauge–rain gauge/streamgauge combination, limiting the applicability of bivariate modelling to develop high‐resolution space–time design events that can be used to quantify the dynamic, that is, varying in space and time, compound flood hazard in coastal basins. Moreover, there is a need to recognize that not all extreme events always come from a single population, but can reflect a mixture of different generating mechanisms. Therefore, this paper describes an empirical approach to develop design storms with high‐resolution in space and time (i.e., ~5 km and hourly) for different joint annual exceedance probabilities. We also stratify extreme rainfall and storm surge events depending on whether they were caused by tropical cyclones (TCs) or not. We find that there are significant differences between the TC and non‐TC populations, with very different dependence structures that are missed if we treat all the events as coming from a single population. While we apply this methodology to one basin near Houston, Texas, our approach is general enough to make it applicable for any coastal basin exposed to compounding flood hazards from storm surge and rainfall‐induced flooding.
Flap versus flapless alveolar ridge preservation: A clinical and histological single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Siu Trever L. , Dukka Himabindu , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Tattan Mustafa , Dib Ziad , Ravidà Andrea , Greenwell Henry , Wang Hom‐Lay , Araujo Mauricio G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare a flapless technique of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) to a flap technique to determine if preserving the periosteal blood supply would limit loss of crestal ridge width and height.MethodsTwenty‐four patients were randomly assigned to receive ARP using either a flapless or flap technique. Sockets were grafted with demineralized bone matrix and mineralized particulate allograft then covered with a barrier in both groups. Re‐entry was performed at 4 months to obtain samples for histological analysis and subsequent implant placement.ResultsRidge width of the flapless group at the crest decreased from 8.3 ± 1.3 mm to 7.0 ± 1.9 mm for a mean loss of 1.3 ± 0.9 mm (p < 0.05), whereas the flap group decreased from 8.5 ± 1.5 mm to 7.5 ± 1.5 mm for a mean loss of 1.0 ± 1.1 mm (p < 0.05). The mean midbuccal vertical change for the flap group was a loss of 0.9 ± 1.3 mm (p < 0.05) versus 0.5 ± 0.9 mm (p < 0.05) for the flapless group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Histologically, flapless ARP revealed more vital mineralized tissue (44 ± 10%) compared to the flap group (p>0.05). In the flapless group, the occlusal soft tissue was significantly thicker than in the flap group at the 4‐month re‐entry (p< 0.05).ConclusionsCrestal ridge width, height, and percentage of vital mineralized bone following treatment with a flapless ARP technique, was not significantly different from a flap technique.