bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of psychosocial school interventions in Finnish schools for refugee and immigrant children, “Refugees Well School” in Finland (RWS-FI): a protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kankaanpää Reeta , Aalto Sanni , Vänskä Mervi , Lepistö Riina , Punamäki Raija-Leena , Soye Emma , Watters Charles , Andersen Arnfinn , Hilden Per Kristian , Derluyn Ilse , Verelst An , Peltonen Kirsi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Schools are natural environments in which to enhance young people’s social and emotional skills, mental health, and contact between diverse groups, including students from refugee and immigrant backgrounds. A layered or tiered provision of services is recommended as it can be effective to meet the needs of war-affected adolescents who variably show mental health problems (such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)). The current protocol describes the study design for a multi-layered intervention model. The study will test the effectiveness of two interventions: a teacher-training intervention In-Service Teacher Training (INSETT) combined with targeted cognitive-behavioral treatment-based Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) and a classroom-focused preventive intervention Peer Integration and Enhancement Resources (PIER). We analyze, first, whether the interventions are effective in decreasing psychological distress and increasing positive resources, i.e., prosocial behavior and resilience among refugee and immigrant students. Second, we analyze which student-, school-, and parent-related factors mediate the possible beneficial changes. Third, we look at which groups the interventions are most beneficial to.

Methods
A three-arm cluster RCT with parallel assignment, with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio, is applied in 16 schools that agreed to participate in the Refugees Well School interventions and effectiveness study. Schools were randomized to three conditions of two active interventions and a waiting list control condition. Students, their parents, and teachers in intervention and control schools participated in the study at baseline before the interventions, after the interventions, and at 6 to 12 months after the interventions. The primary effectiveness criterion variables are psychological distress (SDQ) symptoms, resilience (CYRM-12), and prosocial behavior (SDQ).

Discussion
The current study presents a recommended universal approach of layered interventions aiming to reduce psychological distress and increase resilience among refugee and immigrant students. A combination of promotive, preventive, and targeted interventions may offer a holistic, ecological intervention package for schools to better address the needs of the whole group.

Trial registration
ISRCTN ISRCTN64245549. Retrospectively registered on 10 June 2020
Association of tobacco retailer count with smoking population versus vaping population in California (2019)
Authors: Purushothaman Vidya , Cuomo Raphael E. , Li Jiawei , Nali Matthew , Mackey Tim K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Access to tobacco products, including vape products, from local brick-and-mortar stores influences the exposure, uptake, and use of these products in local communities.

Methods
Licensed tobacco retailers in California were classified as specialized tobacco/vape stores or non-specialized stores by obtaining categories published on Yelp. California smoking and vaping prevalence data were obtained from the 500 cities project and ESRI community analyst tool respectively. A series of simple linear regression tests were performed, at the zip code level, between the retailer count in each store category and smoking/vaping population. The Getis-Ord Gi* and Anselin Local Moran’s I statistics were used for characterization of tobacco retail density hotspots and cold spots.

Results
The association between CA smoking/vaping population and number of tobacco retailers was statistically significant for all store categories. Variability in smoking population was best explained by variability in non-specialized storefronts(R2=0.84). Spatial variability in tobacco-only storefronts explained the least proportion of variability in the overall smoking population. Similar results were obtained specific to vaping population, although the proportion of population explained by variability in the number of non-specialized storefronts was comparatively lower(R2=0.80).

Conclusions
Localities with greater numbers of non-specialized tobacco retailers had higher rates of smoking/vaping populations, and this association was much stronger for localities with greater numbers of specialized retailers. Non-specialized storefronts may represent convenient access points for nicotine products, while specialized storefronts may represent critical access points for initiation. Hence, regulations that address the entirety of the tobacco/vaping retail environment by limiting widespread access from non-specialized stores and reducing appeal generated by specialized retailers should be incorporated in future tobacco regulatory science and policymaking.
Mental health and satisfaction with partners: a longitudinal analysis in the UK
Authors: Downward Paul , Rasciute Simona , Kumar Harish 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Current UK health policy stresses treating health as an asset to underpin and promote a more inclusive and productive society. The quality of personal relationships is essential for overall quality of life. The social determinants of health (SDH) literature shows that poor mental health and well-being are linked to weaker personal and social connections for individuals, families, and society. The causal impact that mental health has on satisfaction with partners is less understood but requires investigation.

Methods
The causal relationship between mental health and satisfaction with partners is examined drawing on the United Kingdom’s British Household Panel Survey from 1991 to 2008. A total sample of 9,024 individuals in dyadic couples comprising 42,464 observations was analysed using fixed-effects and instrumental variable fixed-effects panel data estimation.

Results
Lower mental health is associated with a lower satisfaction with partners. However, some causal evidence of lower mental health reducing satisfaction with partners is present for males.

Discussion
For females, relationship satisfaction is more likely to influence mental health. For males there is a potential ‘vicious circle’ between satisfaction with partners and mental health.

Conclusions
Investment in mental health provision can improve satisfaction with partners which in turn will further enhance health and well-being.
Rapid monitoring of health services use following a policy to switch patients from originator to biosimilar etanercept—a cohort study in British Columbia
Authors: Fisher Anat , Kim Jason D. , Carney Greg , Dormuth Colin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDrug coverage policies that incentivize switching patients from originator to biosimilar products may result in significant health care savings. Our study aimed to detect early impacts on health services utilization following a mandated switch from originator to biosimilar etanercept in British Columbia (BC), Canada.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, population-based cohort study using linked administrative health data from BC (2010–2020). The policy cohort consisted of patients with inflammatory arthritis who used originator etanercept in 2019, prior to BC’s Biosimilars Initiative switching policy. Three historical cohorts included patients with inflammatory arthritis who used originator etanercept in the years 2016, 2017, and 2018. We compared the daily cumulative incidences of drug refills and outpatient and inpatient services between the policy and historical cohorts. A likelihood ratio sustained (≥ 31 days) at 7.1 or higher compared with the null hypothesis was chosen a priori as a threshold for a potential impact of the policy.ResultsEach cohort contained between 1694 and 1963 patients. We detected several potential impacts: 1) a transient increase in etanercept refills between months three and eight (cumulative incidence difference of + 3.0%); 2) an anticipated increase in visits to physicians of any specialty between months three and eight (+ 2.6%); and 3) an anticipated increase in visits to a rheumatologist from the end of month three onwards (+ 12.8%). The policy had no impact on incidences of switching to a different biologic antirheumatic drug, visits to emergency departments, or admissions to hospitals.ConclusionsOnly transient and/or anticipated increases in drug refills and physician visits were observed during the study period. Additional research on clinical outcomes is recommended to strengthen the evidence that no long-term unintended negative health impacts are associated with BC’s Biosimilars Initiative [switching policy].
Operative secondary prevention of fragility fractures: national clinical standards for fracture liaison service in Egypt—an initiative by the Egyptian Academy of Bone Health
Authors: Gadallah Naglaa , El Miedany Yasser 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite a broad spectrum of effective anti-osteoporosis therapies and a growing number of older adults worldwide, the number of people receiving appropriate secondary fracture prevention is not yet optimum or achieved its expected target, i.e., avoiding refracture.

Main body
To close this gap in the patients’ care, and in concordance with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) as well as international organizations recommendations, the Egyptian Academy of Bone Health and Metabolic Bone Diseases has launched specialised healthcare system for fracture liaison services (FLSs). FLS is a small team of healthcare professionals who identify, investigate, initiate therapy and arrange for follow-up plan over time, for people aged 50 and above presenting with a fragility fracture. Such comprehensive service requires operative clinical standards which would help to standardise the service across the different centres to become effective and sustainable. An estimated 71.8% of the Egyptian population currently have access to a local FLSs. This article aims at setting up evidence-based standards of post-fracture care and provide the necessary index for efficient implementation of secondary fracture prevention in the different FLS centres in Egypt.

Conclusion
The Egyptian FLS clinical standards agree with the international protocols and are an effective approach to target interventions to the properly identified patients at risk. The Egyptian model has identified 19 key performance indicators to measure the effectiveness of fracture liaison services and guide quality improvement.
Clarifying the importance of microplastic particles as vectors for long-range transport of chemical contaminants: a response to letter to the editor
Authors: Gouin Todd 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis correspondence article provides a response to comments that have been raised regarding the long-range environmental transport of chemical additives associated with microplastic particles and plastic debris, which includes additional clarification for the continuing need for holistic approaches. Recognizing that not all microplastic particles are equal with respect to environmental fate and toxicological effects, it is strongly encouraged that the research community continue to acquire quantitative understanding regarding which types of microplastic particles are likely to be subject to long-range transport. Comments and responses that engage in constructive dialogue represent positive contributions that can only strengthen our ability to evaluate the role of microplastic and plastic debris as vectors of transport for plastic associated chemicals, and the associated risks, which represents an important component of the scientific process.
Association between previous and future antipsychotic adherence in patients initiating clozapine: real-world observational study
Authors: Brodeur Sébastien , Courteau Josiane , Vanasse Alain , Courteau Mireille , Stip Emmanuel , Fleury Marie-Josée , Lesage Alain , Demers Marie-France , Corbeil Olivier , Béchard Laurent , Roy Marc-André 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAlthough recognised as the most effective antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine remains underused. One reason is the widespread concern about non-adherence to clozapine because of poor adherence before initiating clozapine.AimsTo determine if prior poor out-patient adherence to treatmentbefore initiating clozapine predisposes to poor out-patient adherence to clozapine or to any antipsychotics (including clozapine) after its initiation.MethodThis cohort study included 3228 patients with schizophrenia living in Quebec (Canada) initiating (with a 2-year clearance period) oral clozapine (index date) between 2009 and 2016. Using pharmacy data, out-patient adherence to treatment was measured by the medication possession ratio (MPR), over a 1-year period preceding and following the index date. Five groups of patients were formed based on their prior MPR level (independent variable). Two dependent variables were defined after clozapine initiation (good out-patient adherence to any antipsychotics and to clozapine only). Along with multiple logistic regressions, state sequence analysis was used as a visual representation of antipsychotic-use trajectories over time, before and after clozapine initiation.ResultsAlthough prior poor adherence to antipsychotics was associated with poor adherence after clozapine initiation, the absolute risk of subsequent poor adherence remained low, regardless of previous adherence level. Most patients adhered to their treatment after initiating clozapine (>68% to clozapine and >84% to any antipsychotics).ConclusionsDespite the fact that poor adherence prior to initiating clozapine is widely recognised by clinicians as a barrier for the prescription of clozapine, the current study supports the initiation of clozapine in all eligible patients.
Diagnosis moderates the relationship between anxiety and digital communications in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: A naturalistic remote-monitoring study
Authors: Gillett G. , Mcgowan N. , Palmius N. , Bilderbeck A. , Goodwin G. , Saunders K. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionDifferences in the relationship between mood and digital communication metrics have been shown to act as a diagnostic marker in Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Anxiety has been associated with mobile-phone use in non-clinical populations, although a potential association between anxiety and digital communications in BD or BPD populations hasn’t been studied.ObjectivesTo explore the association between self-reported anxiety symptoms and objective, naturalistic digital communications metrics in BD and BPD participants.MethodsBD (n= 17) and BPD (n=17) cohorts were provided with a smartphone application which monitored phone call and SMS frequency and duration, alongside weekly self-reported anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale). Linear mixed-effects regression models assessed the association between digital communications, anxiety state and interaction effects between anxiety and diagnosis.ResultsSelf-reported anxiety state was negatively associated with decreased total call frequency (B=-5.150, p=0.002), cumulative total call duration (seconds; B=-1456.779, p<0.001), cumulative outgoing call duration (seconds; B=-1108.23, p<0.001), total SMS frequency (B=-31.412, p<0.001), outgoing SMS frequency (B=-16.443, p<0.001), cumulative total SMS length (characters; B=-1664.78, p=0.001) and cumulative outgoing SMS length (characters; B=-857.770, p=0.005) for BD, but not BPD, participants. Associations remained significant after adjusting for mood.ConclusionsThese results further suggest that BPD individuals, compared to BD individuals, exhibit persistent social interaction during mental distress. Together with previous findings, this effect appears to be common, but independent, for both self-reported anxiety and depression. These findings inform our understanding of the psychopathology of the two conditions, and may contribute to the development of tools to aid their diagnostic differentiation.Conflict of interestProf Goodwin is a NIHR Emeritus Senior Investigator, holds shares in P1vital and P1Vital products and has served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker in the last 3 years for Compass pathways, Evapharm, Janssen, Lundbeck, Medscape, P1Vital, Sage, Servier.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Upfront Surgery for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Long-Term Results of the Dutch Randomized PREOPANC Trial
Authors: Versteijne Eva , van Dam Jacob L. , Suker Mustafa , Janssen Quisette P. , Groothuis Karin , Akkermans-Vogelaar Janine M. , Besselink Marc G. , Bonsing Bert A. , Buijsen Jeroen , Busch Olivier R. , Creemers Geert-Jan M. , van Dam Ronald M. , Eskens Ferry A. L. M. , Festen Sebastiaan , de Groot Jan Willem B. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , de Hingh Ignace H. , Homs Marjolein Y. V. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Kerver Emile D. , Luelmo Saskia A. C. , Neelis Karen J. , Nuyttens Joost , Paardekooper Gabriel M. R. M. , Patijn Gijs A. , van der Sangen Maurice J. C. , de Vos-Geelen Judith , Wilmink Johanna W. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Punt Cornelis J. , van Tienhoven Geertjan , van Eijck Casper H. J. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE The benefit of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer remains controversial. Initial results of the PREOPANC trial failed to demonstrate a statistically significant overall survival (OS) benefit. The long-term results are reported. METHODS In this multicenter, phase III trial, patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or upfront surgery in 16 Dutch centers. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy consisted of three cycles of gemcitabine combined with 36 Gy radiotherapy in 15 fractions during the second cycle. After restaging, patients underwent surgery followed by four cycles of adjuvant gemcitabine. Patients in the upfront surgery group underwent surgery followed by six cycles of adjuvant gemcitabine. The primary outcome was OS by intention-to-treat. No safety data were collected beyond the initial report of the trial. RESULTS Between April 24, 2013, and July 25, 2017, 246 eligible patients were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 119) and upfront surgery (n = 127). At a median follow-up of 59 months, the OS was better in the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group than in the upfront surgery group (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.96; P = .025). Although the difference in median survival was only 1.4 months (15.7 months v 14.3 months), the 5-year OS rate was 20.5% (95% CI, 14.2 to 29.8) with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and 6.5% (95% CI, 3.1 to 13.7) with upfront surgery. The effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was consistent across the prespecified subgroups, including resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant gemcitabine improves OS compared with upfront surgery and adjuvant gemcitabine in resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.
Entanglement concentration protocols for quantum entangled states
Authors: Song Tingting , Zhang Ke-Jia , Jia Hengyue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Noise in the channel affects the security of cryptography protocols. The obvious solution for quantum protocols is to estimate the transformation of quantum states caused by the noise. Cluster states are the basic structures of quantum cryptography protocols, which are transmitted through the lossy quantum channel during the procedure of the protocols. The entanglement of the cluster states is extremely fragile and easy to be inflected by inevitable interaction with the environment. To ensure the fidelity of cluster states, the entanglement of the states must be concentrated after the transmission. We propose four protocols to concentrate the entanglement of five-photon linear cluster states by linear optics, in two of which only three parties should perform the local POVM operations. All the protocols reach the maximum of successful probability, and furthermore they are implemented by the linear optics alone. The simulation results depict that lots of five-photon linear cluster states could be concentrated via our protocols, and those protocols are robust against the accuracy of the linear optics. Hence, our protocols are valuable in many fields of quantum information and quantum cryptography.
Risk Factors and Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury After Noncardiac Surgery in Children
Authors: Hawkins Jesse , Mpody Christian , Corridore Marco , Cambier Greg , Tobias Joseph D. , Nafiu Olubukola O. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication that is associated with prolonged hospital stay, high risk of short-term postsurgical mortality, need for dialysis, and possible progression to chronic kidney disease. To date, very little data exist on the risk of postoperative AKI among children undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures. We used data from a large multicenter cohort to determine the factors associated with AKI among children who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgical procedures and its impact on the postoperative course.

METHODS:
We utilized the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric participant user files to identify a cohort of children who underwent inpatient surgery between 2012 and 2018 (n = 257,439). We randomly divided the study population into a derivation cohort of 193,082 (75%) and a validation cohort of 64,357 (25%), and constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors for AKI. We defined AKI as the occurrence of either acute renal failure or progressive renal insufficiency within the 30 days after surgery.

RESULTS:
The overall rate of postoperative AKI was 0.10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09–0.11). In a multivariable model, operating times longer than 140 minutes, preexisting hematologic disorder, and preoperative sepsis were the strongest independent predictors of AKI. Other independent risk factors for AKI were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status ≥III, preoperative inotropic support, gastrointestinal disease, ventilator dependency, and corticosteroid use. The 30-day mortality rate was 10.1% in children who developed AKI and 0.19% in their counterparts without AKI (P < .001). Children who developed AKI were more likely to require an extended hospital stay (≥75th percentile of the study cohort) relative to their peers without AKI (77.4% vs 21.0%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Independent preoperative risk factors for AKI in children undergoing inpatient noncardiac surgery were hematologic disorder, preoperative sepsis, ASA physical status ≥III, inotropic support, gastrointestinal disease, ventilator dependency, and steroid use. Children with AKI were 10 times more likely to die and nearly 3 times more likely to require an extended hospital stay, relative to their peers without AKI.