bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Campylobacterspp. isolated from poultry in Iran: Antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence genes, and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Mousavinafchi Seyedeh Bita , Rahimi Ebrahim , Shakerian Amir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCampylobacterspp. genera is one of the most common causes of microbial enteritis worldwide. The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, virulence genes, and genetic variation of thermophilicCampylobacterspecies collected from chicken meat samples in Iran. A total of 255 meat specimens were taken and transferred to the laboratory. Culture methods were utilized to identify theCampylobactergenus, and PCR and sequencing were performed to confirm the organisms. Antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation was performed using broth microdilution for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)]. By using PCR, AMR and virulence genes were detected. The detection rate ofCampylobacterspp. was 64 (25.09%) out of 255 meat samples, withC. jejuniandC. coliaccounting for 41 (64.06%) and 14 (21.87%), respectively. OtherCampylobacterisolates accounted for 14.06% of the total (nine samples). The antibiotic susceptibility of allCampylobacterisolates was tested using six antibiotics, and all (100%) were resistant to CIP and NAL. However, TET resistance was observed in 93.9% and 83.3% ofC. jejuniandC. coliisolates, respectively. Four (8.2%)C. jejuniisolates were multidrug‐resistant (MDR), while none of theC. coliisolates were MDR. Two of the four MDR isolates were resistant to CIP, NAL, TET, and ERY, whereas the other two isolates were resistant to CIP, NAL, TET, and GEN. The values of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were as follows: CIP, 64–256 μg/ml; NAL, 128–512 μg/ml; TET, 2–1024 μg/ml; SIT, 0.25–1 μg/ml; ERY, 1–32 μg/ml; and GEN, 1–256 μg/ml.recR,dnaJ,cdtC,cdtB,cdtA,flaA,ciaB,cadF, andpidAwere discovered in more than 50% ofC. jejuniisolates, althoughwlaN,virbll,cgtB, andceuEwere found in <50%.flaA,cadF,pidA, andciaBwere discovered in more than 50% of theC. colisamples, whereasrecR,cdtC,cdtB,cdtA, andcgtBwere found in less than half. ForC. coli, the percentages forwlaN,dnaJ,virbll, andceuEwere all zero. The results of this study showCampylobacterisolates obtained from poultry have higher resistance to quinolones and TET, pathogenicity potential, and varied genotypes.
Comprehensive shape analysis of the cortex in Huntington's disease
Authors: Stoebner Zachary A. , Hett Kilian , Lyu Ilwoo , Johnson Hans , Paulsen Jane S. , Long Jeffrey D. , Oguz Ipek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe striatum has traditionally been the focus of Huntington's disease research due to the primary insult to this region and its central role in motor symptoms. Beyond the striatum, evidence of cortical alterations caused by Huntington's disease has surfaced. However, findings are not coherent between studies which have used cortical thickness for Huntington's disease since it is the well‐established cortical metric of interest in other diseases. In this study, we propose a more comprehensive approach to cortical morphology in Huntington's disease using cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and local gyrification index. Our results show consistency with prior findings in cortical thickness, including its limitations. Our comparison between cortical thickness and local gyrification index underscores the complementary nature of these two measures—cortical thickness detects changes in the sensorimotor and posterior areas while local gyrification index identifies insular differences. Since local gyrification index and cortical thickness measures detect changes in different regions, the two used in tandem could provide a clinically relevant measure of disease progression. Our findings suggest that differences in insular regions may correspond to earlier neurodegeneration and may provide a complementary cortical measure for detection of subtle early cortical changes due to Huntington's disease.
Unintended health benefits of adopting preventive behaviors during a virus outbreak
Authors: Hong Sok Chul , Lee Eunju , Oh Seojung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates whether changes in risk perception play a critical role in improving of preventive behaviors and health outcomes by examining the 2009 H1N1 influenza (or swine flu) pandemic in Korea. We employ a difference‐in‐differences estimation strategy by comparing the differential effects of the H1N1 outbreak on the confirmed cases of diseases which can be prevented by preventive behaviors (e.g., intestinal infections) and the cases of diseases which cannot (e.g., injuries). Using unique administrative data from South Korea’s National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), we find that the exogenous increase in health risk reduced the incidence of intestinal infections compared to the injuries during the H1N1 influenza outbreak. The reduction was the most substantial among children under five years of age, with a 25.4% decline in cases of intestinal infections relative to injuries. Our findings are robust across various alternative specifications. We provide suggestive evidence that active adoption of preventive behaviors is one of the channels underlying the unexpected decrease in diarrhea cases. The effects, however, faded away shortly after the end of the pandemic and did not last in the long run.
Discovery of the hidden coding information in cancers: Mechanisms and biological functions
Authors: Zhou Xiaoling , Wu Xiang , Lai Kairan , Zhou Ruiyao , Chen Zhanghui , Yang Zhigang , Gao Xiangwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost proteins are derived from the translation of coding sequence (CDS) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs). However, accumulating evidence has revealed an unexpected abundance of translation in putative non‐coding genomes, especially 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of mRNAs or non‐coding RNA species (ncRNA) such as long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, many of these UTR‐ or ncRNA‐encoded micropeptides/proteins play important roles in human malignancies. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the translation of non‐coding regions or ncRNAs and the methods to discover the hidden coding information. Furthermore, we summarize the biological functions of UTR‐ or ncRNA‐encoded micropeptides/proteins in cancers and discuss their potential as clinical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Crosstalk between tumor acidosis, p53 and extracellular matrix regulates pancreatic cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Czaplinska Dominika , Ialchina Renata , Andersen Henriette Berg , Yao Jiayi , Stigliani Arnaud , Dannesboe Johs , Flinck Mette , Chen Xiaoming , Mitrega Jakub , Gnosa Sebastian Peter , Dmytriyeva Oksana , Alves Frauke , Napp Joanna , Sandelin Albin , Pedersen Stine Falsig 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy with minimal treatment options and a global rise in prevalence. PDAC is characterized by frequent driver mutations including KRAS and TP53 (p53), and a dense, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). The relation between genotype and TME in PDAC development is unknown. Strikingly, when wild type (WT) Panc02 PDAC cells were adapted to growth in an acidic TME and returned to normal pH to mimic invasive cells escaping acidic regions, they displayed a strong increase of aggressive traits such as increased growth in 3‐dimensional (3D) culture, adhesion‐independent colony formation and invasive outgrowth. This pattern of acidosis‐induced aggressiveness was observed in 3D spheroid culture as well as upon organotypic growth in matrigel, collagen‐I and combination thereof, mimicking early and later stages of PDAC development. Acid‐adaptation‐induced gain of cancerous traits was further increased by p53 knockout (KO), but only in specific extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions. Akt‐ and Transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) signaling, as well as expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, were increased by acid adaptation. Whereas Akt inhibition decreased spheroid growth regardless of treatment and genotype, stimulation with TGFβI increased growth of WT control spheroids, and inhibition of TGFβ signaling tended to limit growth under acidic conditions only. Our results indicate that a complex crosstalk between tumor acidosis, ECM composition and genotype contributes to PDAC development. The findings may guide future strategies for acidosis‐targeted therapies.
Exploring adolescent social media and internet gaming addiction: The role of emotion regulation
Authors: Giordano Amanda L. , Schmit Michael K. , McCall John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBehavioral addictions such as social media addiction and internet gaming disorder are prevalent among adolescent populations. Although studies have investigated predictors of these addictive behaviors with international samples of adolescents, less is known about American adolescents. In this study, we investigated the predictive nature of emotion regulation after controlling for age, gender, and race with regard to social media addiction and internet gaming disorder severity. Results indicate that gender and emotion regulation significantly predicted both forms of behavioral addictions with small to moderate effects. Specifically, female gender and lower emotion regulation significantly predicted social media addiction and male gender and lower emotion regulation significantly predicted internet gaming disorder severity. Implications for mental health professionals are discussed.
A dual‐action nitric oxide‐releasing slippery surface for extracorporeal organ support: Dynamic in vitro hemocompatibility evaluation
Authors: Roberts Teryn R. , Harea George T. , Zang Yanyi , Devine Ryan P. , Maffe Patrick , Handa Hitesh , Batchinsky Andriy I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous biomaterials have been developed for application in blood‐contacting medical devices to prevent thrombosis; however, few materials have been applied to full‐scale devices and evaluated for hemocompatibility under clinical blood flow conditions. We applied a dual‐action slippery liquid‐infused (LI) nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing material modification (LINO) to full‐scale blood circulation tubing for extracorporeal lung support and evaluated the tubing ex vivo using swine whole blood circulated for 6 h at a clinically relevant flow. LINO tubing was compared to unmodified tubing (CTRL) and isolated LI and NO‐releasing modifications (n = 9/group). The primary objective was to evaluate safety and blood compatibility of this approach, prior to progression to in vivo testing of efficacy in animal models. The secondary objective was to evaluate coagulation outcomes relevant to hemocompatibility. No untoward effects of the coating, such as elevated methemoglobin fraction, were observed. Additionally, LINO delayed platelet loss until 6 h versus the reduction in platelet count in CTRL at 3 h. At 6 h, LINO significantly reduced the concentration of platelets in an activated P‐selectin expressing state versus CTRL (32 ± 1% decrease, p = .02). Blood clot deposition was significantly reduced on LINO blood pumps (p = .007) and numerically reduced on tubing versus CTRL. Following blood exposure, LINO tubing continued to produce a measurable NO‐flux (0.20 ± 0.06 × 10−10 mol cm−2 min−1). LINO is a potential solution to reduce circuit‐related bleeding and clotting during extracorporeal organ support, pending future extended testing in vivo using full‐scale extracorporeal lung support devices.
Therapeutic plasma‐exchange improves short‐term, but not long‐term, outcomes in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Swaroop Shekhar , Arora Umang , Biswas Sagnik , Vaishnav Manas , Pathak Piyush , Agarwal Ankit , Golla Rithvik , Thakur Bhaskar , Coshic Poonam , Andriyas Vijay , Gupta Kamini , Elhence Anshuman , Nayak Baibaswat , Kumar Ramesh , Shalimar  
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with a high short‐term mortality rate in the absence of liver transplantation. The role of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in improving the outcomes of ACLF and acute decompensation (AD) is unclear. In this retrospective analysis, we aimed to determine the impact of TPE on mortality in patients with ACLF.MethodsACLF patients receiving TPE with standard medical treatment (SMT) were propensity score matched (PSM) with those receiving SMT alone (1:1) for sex, grades of ACLF, CLIF C ACLF scores, and the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. The primary outcomes assessed were mortality at 30 and 90 days. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier survival curves.ResultsA total of 1151 patients (ACLF n = 864 [75%], AD [without organ failure] n = 287 [25%]) were included. Of the patients with ACLF (n = 864), grade 1, 2, and 3 ACLF was present in 167 (19.3%), 325 (37.6%), and 372 (43.0%) patients, respectively. Thirty‐nine patients received TPE and SMT, and 1112 patients received only SMT. On PSM analysis, there were 38 patients in each group (SMT plus TPE vs SMT alone). In the matched cohort, the 30‐days mortality was lower in the TPE arm compared to SMT (21% vs 50%, P = .008), however, the 90‐day mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (36.8% vs 52.6%, P = .166); HR, 0.82 (0.44‐1.52), P = .549.ConclusionTPE improves short‐term survival in patients with ACLF, but has no significant impact on long‐term outcomes. Randomized control trials are needed to obtain a robust conclusion in this regard.
Gender differences in Alzheimer's may be associated with TLR4‐LYN expression in damage associated microglia and neuronal phagocytosis
Authors: Islam Rezwanul , Rajan Robin , Choudhary Hadi , Vrionis Frank , Hanafy Khalid A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe role of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis have recently come into question due to failure of many pharmaceutical agents targeting these deposits and detection of these misfolded proteins in normal human brains. Therefore, we investigated correlations between microglial activation and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Lck/Yes novel tyrosine (LYN) kinase signaling in an AD mouse model.In this study, we used 5–6‐month‐old 5XFAD and wild type (WT) male and female mice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FC) were performed on their brains. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Barnes‐Maze.IHC showed more Ab aggregation in microglia of female 5XFAD mice compared to their male counterparts. Increased co‐localization of microglial TLR4 and LYN was also observed in AD more than WT and females more than males. IHC also suggests microglial phagocytosis of neurons in AD mice, which is supported by FC data. Our FC data also support the involvement of disease associated microglia (DAMs) in this process based on cytokine secretion. Cognitive assessment by the Barnes maze showed 5XFAD females performed worse than males.In this study, we investigated the relationship between microglial TLR4 and LYN kinase in 5XFAD male and females. Our data reveals a correlation between microglial TLR4 and LYN co‐localization and AD pathogenesis, more in females than males. Targeting microglial TLR4 and Lyn in DAMs may offer new therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of AD.
Glioblastoma‐derived extracellular vesicle subpopulations following 5‐aminolevulinic acid treatment bear diagnostic implications
Authors: Hsia Tiffaney , Yekula Anudeep , Batool S. Maheen , Rosenfeld Yulia B. , You Dong Gil , Weissleder Ralph , Lee Hakho , Carter Bob S. , Balaj Leonora 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiquid biopsy is a minimally invasive alternative to surgical biopsy, encompassing different analytes including extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), proteins, and metabolites. EVs are released by virtually all cells, but at a higher rate by faster cycling, malignant cells. They encapsulate cargo native to the originating cell and can thus provide a window into the tumour landscape. EVs are often analysed in bulk which hinders the analysis of rare, tumour‐specific EV subpopulations from the large host EV background. Here, we fractionated EV subpopulations in vitro and in vivo and characterized their phenotype and generic cargo. We used 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) to induce release of endogenously fluorescent tumour‐specific EVs (EVPpIX). Analysis of five different subpopulations (EVPpIX, EVCD63, EVCD9, EVEGFR, EVCFDA) from glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines revealed unique transcriptome profiles, with the EVPpIX transcriptome demonstrating closer alignment to tumorigenic processes over the other subpopulations. Similarly, isolation of tumour‐specific EVs from GBM patient plasma showed enrichment in GBM‐associated genes, when compared to bulk EVs from plasma. We propose that fractionation of EV populations facilitates detection and isolation of tumour‐specific EVs for disease monitoring.
Hazardous alcohol use and HIV indicators in six African countries: results from the Population‐based HIV Impact Assessments, 2015–2017
Authors: Chang Gregory C. , West Christine A. , Kim Evelyn , Low Andrea J. , Lancaster Kathryn E. , Behel Stephanie S. , Hong Steven Y. , Miller Leigh Ann , Silver Rachel , Mgomella George S. , Imaa Jennifer , Maokola Werner M. , Carpino Thomas , Hrusa Gili , Bray Rachel M. , Mwila Annie , Musuka Godfrey , O'Connell Christopher , McCracken Stephen , Voetsch Andrew C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionHazardous alcohol use (HAU), defined as a pattern of alcohol consumption that increases the risk of harmful consequences for the user or others, is associated with an elevated risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and poor health outcomes. We describe the association between people living with HIV (PLHIV) who report HAU and key HIV indicators. Gaps in current literature in estimating HAU on HIV outcomes at the regional level of Eastern and Southern Africa still exist and our analysis aims to address this issue.MethodsWe used weighted pooled data (2015–2017) from the nationally representative Population‐based HIV Impact Assessments among adults who provided written consent aged 18–59 years from Eswatini, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. We estimated differences in the prevalence of HIV infection and The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 90‐90‐90 indicators between PLHIV by HAU status using log‐binomial regression, stratified by sex. HAU was determined using the Alcohol Use Identification Test—Consumption.ResultsAmong the 9755 women and 4444 men who tested HIV positive, 6.6% of women and 21.8% of men engaged in HAU. Women who reported HAU were more likely to be HIV positive (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18–1.46) compared to those who did not report HAU. For the UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets, women who engaged in HAU were more likely to be unaware of their HIV‐positive status (aPR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.47) and not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (aPR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.26–2.37). Men who engaged in HAU were more likely to be unaware of their HIV‐positive status (aPR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.39–1.76) and not on ART (aPR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.30–2.29). No difference in viral load suppression, defined as <1000 copies/ml of HIV RNA, was seen by sex.ConclusionsPLHIV who engage in HAU were more likely to have suboptimal outcomes along the HIV care continuum when compared to those who did not engage in HAU. Targeted interventions, such as alcohol screening for HAU in HIV testing and treatment settings and HIV prevention efforts in alcohol‐based venues, may help countries reach HIV epidemic control by 2030.
Functional and Morphological Brain Alterations in Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: A Combined Resting‐State fMRI and Voxel‐Based Morphometry Study
Authors: Wu Hongyu , Luo Ban , Wang Qiuxia , Zhao Yali , Yuan Gang , Liu Ping , Zhai Linhan , Lv Wenzhi , Zhang Jing 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has indicated that the entire visual pathway from retina to visual cortex may be involved in dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) pathological mechanisms.PurposeTo explore the functional and morphological brain characteristics in DON and their relationship with ophthalmologic performance.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 30 DON patients, 40 thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) without DON patients and 21 healthy‐controls (HCs).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T, 3D T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐recalled echo and gradient‐recalled echo‐planar imaging.AssessmentFunctional and structural alterations in brain regions were evaluated with fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations, degree centrality (DC), and gray matter volume (GMV). Clinical activity score (CAS) is assessed across patients.Statistical TestOne‐way analysis of variance with post hoc two sample t‐tests (GRF‐corrected, voxel level: P < 0.005, cluster level: P < 0.05) and correlation analysis (significance level: P < 0.05).ResultsCompared to HCs, DON patients had significantly decreased DC values in the bilateral BA17 and BA18 regions. Compared to the TAO group, DON patients had decreased GMV in the left anterior cingulate cortex, left middle frontal gyrus, left lingual gyrus, left parietal gyrus, right Rolandic operculum, left supplementary motor area, and right middle temporal gyrus. In addition, GMV in the right Rolandic operculum was significantly positively correlated with CAS (correlation coefficient: r = 0.448).Data ConclusionThis study showed significant morphological and functional alterations in visual cortex and morphological alterations in partial default mode network regions of DON patients, which may provide insights into the mechanism of vision loss and may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of DON.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Azoxystrobin alters the dynamics of short‐term phosphorus uptake of mycorrhizal potato plants associated to Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Morelos Victor Hugo , Declerck Stéphane , Calonne‐Salmon Maryline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAzoxystrobin is widely used in crops against several fungal diseases, but may have potential negative effects on soil microorganisms beneficial to plants such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. To date, the impact of azoxystrobin has been studied on the growth and healing capacity of AM fungi, but not on the inorganic phosphorus (Pi) uptake dynamics.AimsThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of azoxystrobin on the dynamics of Pi uptake by potato plants associated or not to Rhizophagus irregularis. Additionally, fungal root colonization, plant growth, and P accumulation were assessed.MethodsA semi‐hydroponic cultivation system was used using mycorrhizal (M) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants growing in presence/absence of azoxystrobin. The percentage of Pi depletion in the nutrient solution was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy after 30 and 60 days of circulation.ResultsWhatever the presence/absence of the AM fungus, azoxystrobin decreased Pi uptake by plants after 30 days of growth. Conversely, after 60 days in absence of azoxystrobin, a larger Pi uptake was measured in the M plants, while the reverse was noticed in presence of azoxystrobin.ConclusionsThe M plants were more affected by azoxystrobin than those growing in absence of the fungicide, suggesting a direct effect of azoxystrobin on the AM fungus and an indirect effect on the plant–fungus associates via a potential imbalance in the transfer of nutrients. Although it is difficult to extrapolate our results to field, fungicide toxicity on crops inoculated with selected AM fungi deserves to be explored.