bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence for trade‐offs between bird diversity, yield and water table depth on oil palm smallholdings: Implications for tropical peatland landscape restoration
Authors: Warren‐Thomas Eleanor , Agus Fahmuddin , Akbar Panji Gusti , Crowson Merry , Hamer Keith C. , Hariyadi Bambang , Hodgson Jenny A. , Kartika Winda D. , Lopes Mailys , Lucey Jennifer M. , Mustaqim Dedy , Pettorelli Nathalie , Saad Asmadi , Sari Widia , Sukma Gita , Stringer Lindsay C. , Ward Caroline , Hill Jane K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Tropical peat swamp forests retain large carbon stocks and support unique biodiversity, but clearance and drainage for agriculture have resulted in fires, carbon emissions and biodiversity losses. Initiatives to re‐wet cultivated peatlands may benefit biodiversity if this protects remaining forests from fire and agricultural encroachment, but there are concerns that re‐wetting could reduce yields and damage livelihoods, as relationships between drainage, on‐farm biodiversity, and crop yields have not been studied.

We examined oil palm fruit yields and bird diversity on 41 smallholder farms in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia), which varied in drainage intensity (12‐month mean water table per plot from August 2018 to August 2019: −52 to −3 cm below‐ground). We also compared farm bird diversity with a neighbouring area of protected peat swamp forest (11,000 ha, 21 plots; mean water table per plot −3 to +15 cm).

Bird species richness (3–18 species per plot), species composition and oil palm yields (4.5–19.2 t fresh fruit bunch ha−1 year−1) varied among farms, but were not detectably affected by water table depth, although ground‐level vegetation was more complex on wetter farms. Bird richness in oil palm (mean = 10.3 species per plot) was <50% of that in forest (26 species per plot), and only 3 of 35 conservation‐priority species found in forest were recorded in oil palm.

Synthesis and applications. Tropical peatlands in Indonesia have been drained to allow farmer access and improve farm yields, but we found no trade‐offs between drainage depth, yields and bird diversity on smallholder oil palm farms in our study landscape within the studied range of drainage depths. Current restoration initiatives to re‐wet peat may benefit farmers by reducing fire risk, without affecting yields. Wetter farms had increased understorey vegetation complexity, but this did not affect bird diversity, so we find no evidence that re‐wetting improves on‐farm biodiversity. However, on‐farm fire reduction efforts in cultivated peatlands, including re‐wetting, will be vital for reducing the risk of fires escaping into nearby forests, which contain unique and diverse bird species assemblages. Protection of remaining peatland forests from fire and clearance is key for biodiversity conservation, and for providing a source of seed dispersers and genetic material for future forest and landscape restoration efforts. Restoration of more biodiversity‐friendly land covers will improve landscape permeability and help conserve species and the ecosystem services they deliver.
The impact of an occupational therapy group cognitive rehabilitation program for people with dementia
Authors: Griffin Aislinn , O`Gorman Aoife , Robinson David , Gibb Matthew , Stapleton Tadhg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study was conducted to examine the impact of a group cognitive rehabilitation program for people with dementia on everyday memory function and quality of life.MethodsParticipants included in the study were community‐dwelling adults with a diagnosis of dementia. The intervention was a 5‐week occupational therapy lead group cognitive rehabilitation program delivered once a week for 1.5 h. Outcome measures included standardised memory tests, subjective everyday memory function and quality of life ratings. The measures were completed at baseline, post‐intervention and 3‐month post‐intervention.ResultsOutcome measures were completed with 58 participants. Statistically significant improvements in standardised memory scores were noted following the intervention. Similarly, self‐rated everyday memory function and quality of life scores significantly improved following the intervention. All standardised scores and subjective ratings were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionGroup‐based cognitive rehabilitation programs can positively impact the quality of life and everyday memory function among people with dementia.
Is care of stillborn babies and their parents respectful? Results from an international online survey
Authors: Atkins Bethany , Blencowe Hannah , Boyle Frances M. , Sacks Emma , Horey Dell , Flenady Vicki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify parents' experiences of respectful care around stillbirth globally.DesignMulti‐country, online, cross‐sectional survey.Setting and populationSelf‐identified bereaved parents (n = 3769) of stillborn babies from 44 high‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsParents' perspectives of seven aspects of care quality, factors associated with respectful care and seven bereavement care practices were compared across geographical regions using descriptive statistics. Respectful care was compared between country‐income groups using multivariable logistic regression.Main outcome measuresSelf‐reported experience of care around the time of stillbirth.ResultsA quarter (25.4%) of 3769 respondents reported disrespectful care after stillbirth and 23.5% reported disrespectful care of their baby. Gestation less than 30 weeks and primiparity were associated with disrespect. Reported respectful care was lower in middle‐income countries than in high‐income countries (adjusted odds ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.29–0.42, p < 0.01). In many countries, aspects of care quality need improvement, such as ensuring families have enough time with providers. Participating respondents from Latin America and southern Europe reported lower satisfaction across all aspects of care quality compared with northern Europe. Unmet need for memory‐making activities in middle‐income countries was high.ConclusionsMany parents experience disrespectful care around stillbirth. Provider training and system‐level support to address practical barriers are urgently needed. However, some practices (which are important to parents) can be readily implemented such as memory‐making activities and referring to the baby by name.Tweetable abstractOne in four experience disrespectful care after stillbirth. Parents want more time with providers and their babies, to talk and memory‐make.
Context‐dependent integrated stress resistance promotes a global invasive pest
Authors: Tarusikirwa Vimbai L. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Mutamiswa Reyard , Nyamukondiwa Casper 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn nature, insects concurrently face multiple environmental stressors, a scenario likely increasing with climate change. Integrated stress resistance (ISR) thus often improves fitness and could drive invasiveness, but how physiological mechanisms influence invasion has lacked examination. Here, we investigated cross‐tolerance to abiotic stress factors which may influence range limits in the South American tomato pinworm—a global invader that is an ecologically and socially damaging crop pest. Specifically, we tested the effects of prior rapid cold‐ and heat‐hardening (RCH and RHH), fasting, and desiccation on cold and heat tolerance traits, as well as starvation and desiccation survivability betweenT. absolutalife stages. Acclimation effects on critical thermal minima (CTmin) and maxima (CTmax) were inconsistent, showing significantly deleterious effects of RCH on adult CTmaxand CTminand, conversely, beneficial acclimation effects of RCH on larval CTmin. While no beneficial effects of desiccation acclimation were recorded for desiccation tolerance, fasted individuals had significantly higher survival in adults, whereas fasting negatively affected larval tolerances. Furthermore, fasted and desiccation acclimated adults had significantly higher starvation tolerance, showing strong evidence for cross‐tolerance. Our results show context‐dependent ISR traits that may promoteT. absolutafitness and competitiveness. Given the frequent overlapping occurrence of these divergent stressors, ISR reported here may thus partly elucidate the observed rapid global spread ofT. absolutainto more stressful environments than expected. This information is vital in determining the underpinnings of multistressor responses, which are fundamental in forecasting species responses to changing environments and management responses.
Vaccine with bacterium‐like particles displaying HIV‐1 gp120 trimer elicits specific mucosal responses and neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques
Authors: Wang Huaiyu , Li Pingchao , Zhang Mo , Bi Jinpeng , He Yizi , Li Fangshen , Yu Rongzhen , Gao Feng , Kong Wei , Yu Bin , Chen Ling , Yu Xianghui 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPreclinical studies have shown that the induction of secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucosa and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera is essential for designing vaccines that can effectively block the transmission of HIV‐1. We previously showed that a vaccine consisting of bacterium‐like particles (BLPs) displaying Protan‐gp120AE‐MTQ (PAM) could induce mucosal immune responses through intranasal (IN) immunization in mice and NAbs through intramuscular (IM) immunization in guinea pigs. Here, we evaluated the ability of this vaccine BLP‐PAM to elicit HIV‐1‐specific mucosal and systemic immune responses through IN and IM immunization combination strategies in rhesus macaques. First, the morphology, antigenicity and epitope accessibility of the vaccine were analysed by transmission electron microscopy, bio‐layer interferometry and ELISA. In BLP‐PAM‐immunized macaques, HIV‐1‐specific sIgA were rapidly induced through IN immunization in situ and distant mucosal sites, although the immune responses are relatively weak. Furthermore, the HIV‐1‐specific IgG and IgA antibody levels in mucosal secretions were enhanced and maintained, while production of serum NAbs against heterologous HIV‐1 tier 1 and 2 pseudoviruses was elicited after IM boost. Additionally, situ mucosal responses and systemic T cell immune responses were improved by rAd2‐gp120AE boost immunization via the IN and IM routes. These results suggested that BLP‐based delivery in combination with the IN and IM immunization approach represents a potential vaccine strategy against HIV‐1.
Could intracranial tumor volume predict prognosis of patients with brain metastases from esophageal carcinoma?
Authors: Xiao Linlin , Lin Qiang , Hu Mengzhu , Wang Yi , Hui Zhouguang , Wu Fengpeng , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeA previous study demonstrated that intracranial tumor volume had some correlation with gastrointestinal cancer patients' outcome. The aim of this study was to analyze patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC) and brain metastases to investigate if intracranial tumor volume would be a predictor of these patients' survival.MethodsA total of 52 patients with brain metastases from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or esophageal adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without images of brain metastases in the hospital information system were eliminated.ResultsThe median follow‐up time duration was 8.4 months (interquartile range 4.0–15.2). The median overall survival (OS) from time of brain metastases diagnosis was 8.0 months for all cases. Median OS of patients with small and large cumulative intracranial tumor volume (CITV) (<6.65 cm3, ≥6.65 cm3) was 11.23 and 7.4 months, respectively. Median OS of patients with large and small largest intracranial tumor volume (LITV) (≥7.75 cm3, <7.75 cm3) was 6.4 and 10.6 months, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that CITV (hazard ratio [HR] 1.255, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.673–2.342, p = 0.475) or LITV (HR 1.037, 95% CI 0.570–1.887, p = 0.904) was not significantly associated with improved OS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CITV and LITV were not significantly associated with improved OS.ConclusionEC patients with small intracranial tumor volume may have longer OS than those with large intracranial tumor volume, but this difference did not reach statistical difference. Future studies with a larger sample size may validate the correlation of intracranial tumor volume and patient survival.
Quantitative restoration of immune defense in old animals determined by naive antigen‐specific CD8 T‐cell numbers
Authors: Uhrlaub Jennifer L. , Jergović Mladen , Bradshaw Christine M. , Sonar Sandip , Coplen Christopher P. , Dudakov Jarrod , Murray Kristy O. , Lanteri Marion C. , Busch Michael P. , van den Brink Marcel R. M. , Nikolich‐Žugich Janko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOlder humans and animals often exhibit reduced immune responses to infection and vaccination, and this often directly correlates to the numbers and frequency of naive T (Tn) cells. We found such a correlation between reduced numbers of blood CD8+ Tn cells and severe clinical outcomes of West Nile virus (WNV) in both humans naturally exposed to, and mice experimentally infected with, WNV. To examine possible causality, we sought to increase the number of CD8 Tn cells by treating C57BL/6 mice with IL‐7 complexes (IL‐7C, anti‐IL‐7 mAb bound to IL‐7), shown previously to efficiently increase peripheral T‐cell numbers by homeostatic proliferation. T cells underwent robust expansion following IL‐7C administration to old mice increasing the number of total T cells (>fourfold) and NS4b:H‐2Db‐restricted antigen‐specific CD8 T cells (twofold). This improved the numbers of NS4b‐specific CD8 T cells detected at the peak of the response against WNV, but not survival of WNV challenge. IL‐7C‐treated old animals also showed no improvement in WNV‐specific effector immunity (neutralizing antibody and in vivo T‐cell cytotoxicity). To test quantitative limits to which CD8 Tn cell restoration could improve protective immunity, we transferred graded doses of Ag‐specific precursors into old mice and showed that injection of 5400 (but not of 1800 or 600) adult naive WNV‐specific CD8 T cells significantly increased survival after WNV. These results set quantitative limits to the level of Tn reconstitution necessary to improve immune defense in older organisms and are discussed in light of targets of immune reconstitution.
Temporal and brain region‐specific elevations of soluble Amyloid‐β40‐42 in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tallino Savannah , Winslow Wendy , Bartholomew Samantha K. , Velazquez Ramon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is a leading cause of intellectual disability that also results in hallmark Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau. The Ts65Dn mouse model is commonly used to study DS, as trisomic Ts65Dn mice carry 2/3 of the triplicated gene homologues as occur in human DS. The Ts65Dn strain also allows investigation of mechanisms common to DS and AD pathology, with many of these triplicated genes implicated in AD; for example, trisomic Ts65Dn mice overproduce amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is then processed into soluble Aβ40‐42 fragments. Notably, Ts65Dn mice show alterations to the basal forebrain, which parallels the loss of function in this region observed in DS and AD patients early on in disease progression. However, a complete picture of soluble Aβ40‐42 accumulation in a region‐, age‐, and sex‐specific manner has not yet been characterized in the Ts65Dn model. Here, we show that trisomic mice accumulate soluble Aβ40‐42 in the basal forebrain, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in an age‐specific manner, with elevation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus as early as 4 months of age. Furthermore, we detected sex differences in accumulation of Aβ40‐42 within the basal forebrain, with females having significantly higher Aβ40‐42 at 7–8 months of age. Lastly, we show that APP expression in the basal forebrain and hippocampus inversely correlates with Aβ40‐42 levels. This spatial and temporal characterization of soluble Aβ40‐42 in the Ts65Dn model allows for further exploration of the role soluble Aβ plays in the progression of other AD‐like pathologies in these key brain regions.
Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from fecal samples reveal anthropogenic impacts on connectivity: case of a small carnivore in the central Indian landscape
Authors: Tyagi A. , Khan A. , Thatte P. , Ramakrishnan U. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaintaining gene flow among fragmented habitat patches is critical for the long‐term persistence of wild species. Landscape genetics tools are often used to understand the impact of landscape features on gene flow among fragmented populations. The ability to detect the relationship between gene flow and landscape depends on the power of the genetic tools used, which increases with the number of genotyped loci. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) based methods allow genotyping of a high number of loci but are challenging to implement for non‐invasive samples, which are commonly used in conservation genetics research. Here we assess the impact of landscape heterogeneity on jungle cat (Felis chaus) movement using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from fecal samples, using a methylation‐based DNA (MBD) enrichment method. We successfully genotyped 20 jungle cat individuals at 2246 SNP loci and compared our results to a previous study that used microsatellite markers and 93 individuals. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the MBD enrichment approach with fecal samples in generating genome‐wide data for endangered and cryptic species of conservation concern. Our landscape analyses revealed that roads and human‐dominated land‐use negatively impact jungle cat movement in central India. We explicitly quantified the uncertainty in our analyses and concluded that several thousand SNPs from fewer individuals provide more power than tens of microsatellites from more individuals, in quantifying the effects of landscape on gene flow. Our results provide insight into the impacts of anthropogenic habitat modification on an often‐ignored small carnivore species. Insights on connectivity for such species can help policymakers and wildlife managers move beyond connectivity contingent on charismatic species to devise holistic landscape‐level management plans for multiple carnivores.
Cyclophosphamide‐induced cardiotoxicity at conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation would occur among the patients treated with 120 mg/kg or less
Authors: Marumo Atsushi , Omori Ikuko , Tara Shuhei , Otsuka Yuki , Konuma Ryosuke , Adachi Hiroto , Wada Atsushi , Kishida Yuya , Konishi Tatsuya , Nagata Akihito , Yamada Yuta , Nagata Ryohei , Noguchi Yuma , Toya Takashi , Igarashi Aiko , Najima Yuho , Kobayashi Takeshi , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Inokuchi Koiti , Sakamaki Hisashi , Ohashi Kazuteru , Doki Noriko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CY)‐induced cardiotoxicity involves rare lethal complications. We previously reported the cardiac events of 811 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo‐HSCT) recipients; 12 out of 811 recipients (1.5%) developed fatal heart failure. The mortality rate was also very high (91.6%, 11/12). CY dose (200 mg/kg or more) was reported as the independent risk factor. The main disease in patients treated with 200 mg/kg or more of CY was severe aplastic anemia (AA). Therefore, we reduced the dose of CY during conditioning for AA (from 200 to 100 mg/kg), and then we analyzed the clinical features of 294 patients who received a total dose of at least 100 mg/kg of CY. We also compared the clinical features between the current study and our previous study. The proportion of patients treated with at least 200 mg/kg of CY was reduced from 4.2% to 0%. However, CY‐induced heart failure occurred in four of the 294 patients (1.4%), which was similar to the finding reported in our previous study (1.5%). Two of these four patients received a post‐transplant CY (PTCy) regimen (CY 100 mg/kg). All four patients were treated in the cardiac intensive care unit (C‐ICU), and two patients survived. In summary, even the CY dose of 120 mg/kg or less would cause cardiotoxicity. We should also carefully monitor patients treated with PTCy, considering the possibility of CY‐induced cardiotoxicity. Early diagnosis and ICU management have contributed to improved outcomes.
The influence of transarterial chemoembolization on serum levels of soluble programed cell death ligand‐1 in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Xiaochen Ma , Xiangyang Sun , Fubo Xie , Wencheng Jian , Qingliang Wang , Yang Xie , Caixia Li , Kai Zhang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the implications of soluble programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (sPD‐L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and to evaluate the potential value of sPD‐L1 to guide selection of the optimal time to begin combination therapy with TACE and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Materials and methodsThirty‐one HCC patients suitable for TACE and 55 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Three milliliters of peripheral venous blood of patients were collected on 1 day before TACE and 3, 7, and 30 days after TACE respectively for assay of sPD‐L1 using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The associations of the sPD‐L1 level with the clinical features, outcomes, and the fluctuation of sPD‐L1 during the treatment were analyzed.ResultsThe initial sPD‐L1 level of patients was significantly higher than that of the control group. And it was significantly associated with BCLC stage, portal venous invasion, tumor size, and number of foci. The sPD‐L1 levels of 3 and 7 days after TACE were both significantly higher than the initial level. And that of 30 days after TACE was lower than the initial level, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference of sPD‐L1 level after embolization with embolic beads of different size. The level of sPD‐L1 of CR patients was lower than that of PR, SD patients, but the differences were not significant.ConclusionThe level of sPD‐L1 was associated with tumor aggressiveness and outcomes, suggesting its role as a possible predictive biomarker. The increases in sPD‐L1 after TACE suggests that combined treatment with TACE and ICIs may be a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC. One week after TACE might be a suitable time to begin the administration of immunotherapy.
Diameter growth of trees in miombo and acacia woodland in an eroded landscape in NE Tanzania
Authors: Backéus Ingvar , Skoglund Jerry , Skarpe Christina , Hytteborn Håkan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiameter increment of trees typical of miombo and acacia woodland was studied during a period of 20 years in Kondoa district, Tanzania. The study was performed in permanent plots in a severely degraded area subjected to considerable restoration efforts. A total of 15 species were selected from a database collected within a project for monitoring the landscape recovery. Growth performance of African woodland species was searched for in the literature for comparison, and a comprehensive list of citations was compiled. We found growth to fall within the range reported in earlier studies, although growth varied both between and within species. There are reports that the radial increments of trees are unimodal over their lifespan, but we found no clear support. In several species, the annual growth increased with stem diameter. Growth during the rainy ENSO year 1997/98 was pairwise compared with the preceding two years and was found to be significantly higher during the wet year, pointing to soil water as a limiting factor. We conclude that free development is an alternative to tree planting on marginal land.