bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Storm on the Transformation and Export of Phosphorus Through a Subtropical River‐Turbid Estuary Continuum Revealed by Continuous Observation
Authors: Zhang Mingzhen , Krom Michael D. , Lin Jingjie , Cheng Peng , Chen Nengwang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMajor storms, which are increasing in frequency due to climate change, flush pollutant nutrients, including phosphorus (P), from river catchments through estuaries to the coast. Changes in P speciation alter the potential for P removal in sediments. We measured suspended particle matter (SPM), dissolved and particulate phosphorus and other physicochemical parameters at two river outlets of the Jiulong River (SE China) and a fixed station in the estuary during an entire storm (June 2019). During the storm, riverine total particulate phosphorus (TPP) more than doubled to approximately 100 μg P L−1 mainly from pollutant sources, while increased soil erosion reduced the TPP:SPM ratio by 1/3. The riverine DIP increase during the storm was only moderate (approximately 25%). As the storm intensified, the fresh‐brackish water interface moved downstream. There was increased SPM and TPP flux (up to approximately 25,000 kg P d−1) from resuspended surficial sediment that had been deposited during normal flow in the adjacent tidal flats and mangrove areas. These sediments had acted as microbial incubators. Reduced Fe in the resuspended sediment was converted to labile Fe oxyhydroxides in the oxic water column, which adsorbed DIP (and probably also DOP) and increased labile TPP exported downstream. During the storm, the total flux of riverine dissolved nutrients increased while the TDN:TDP ratio decreased from 43:1 to 32:1. Our study showed that estuaries are locations for temporary deposition of labile TPP during normal flow, which are flushed out during major storms, likely resulting in increased eutrophication, including encouraging harmful algal blooms in coastal zones.
A Tool for Generating Fast k‐Distribution Gas‐Optics Models for Weather and Climate Applications
Authors: Hogan Robin J. , Matricardi Marco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the most important components of an atmospheric radiation scheme is its treatment of gas optical properties, which determines not only the accuracy of its radiative forcing calculations fundamental to climate prediction, but also its computational cost. This paper describes a free software tool “ecCKD” for generating fast gas‐optics models by optimally dividing the spectrum into pseudo‐monochromatic spectral intervals (known as k‐terms) according to a user‐specified error tolerance and the range of greenhouse‐gas concentrations that needs to be simulated. The models generated use the correlated k‐distribution method in user‐specified bands, but can also generate accurate “full‐spectrum correlated‐k” models that operate on the entire longwave or near‐infrared (NIR) parts of the spectrum. In the NIR, the large spectral variation in cloud absorption is represented by partitioning the parts of the spectrum where gases are optically thin into 2–6 sub‐bands, while allowing k‐terms for the optically thicker parts of the spectrum (where clouds and surface reflectance are less important) to span the entire NIR spectrum. Candidate models using only 16 and 32 k‐terms in each of the shortwave and longwave are evaluated against line‐by‐line calculations on clear and cloudy profiles. The 32‐term models are able to accurately capture the radiative forcing of varying greenhouse gases including CO2 concentrations spanning a factor of 12, and heating rates at pressures down to 1 Pa.
Potential of Thermal Neutrons to Correct Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Content Measurements for Dynamic Biomass Effects
Authors: Jakobi J. , Huisman J. A. , Fuchs H. , Vereecken H. , Bogena H. R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCosmic‐ray neutron sensors (CRNS) enable noninvasive determination of field‐scale soil moisture content by exploiting the dependence of the intensity of aboveground epithermal neutrons on the hydrogen contained in soil moisture. However, there are other hydrogen pools besides soil moisture (e.g., biomass). Therefore, these hydrogen pools should be considered for accurate soil moisture content measurements, especially when they are changing dynamically (e.g., arable crops, deforestation, and reforestation). In this study, we test four approaches for the correction of biomass effects on soil moisture content measurements with CRNS using experiments with three crops (sugar beet, winter wheat, and maize) based on high‐quality reference soil moisture: (a) site‐specific functions based on in‐situ measured biomass, (b) a generic approach, (c) the thermal‐to‐epithermal neutron ratio (Nr), and (d) the thermal neutron intensity. Bare soil calibration of the CRNS resulted in high root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.097, 0.041, and 0.019 m³/m³ between estimated and reference soil moisture content for sugar beet, winter wheat, and maize, respectively. Considering in‐situ measured biomass for correction reduced the RMSE to 0.015, 0.018, and 0.009 m³/m³. The consideration of thermal neutron intensity for correction was similarly accurate. We also explored the use of CRNS for biomass estimation and found that Nr only provided accurate biomass estimates for sugar beet. In contrast, we found significant site‐specific relationships between biomass and thermal neutron intensity for all three crops, suggesting that thermal neutron intensity can be used both to improve CRNS‐based soil moisture content measurements and to quantify crop biomass.
The India Hypertension Control Initiative–early outcomes in 26 districts across five states of India, 2018–2020
Authors: Kaur Prabhdeep , Kunwar Abhishek , Sharma Meenakshi , Durgad Kiran , Gupta Sudhir ,   India Hypertension Control Initiative collaboration, Bangar Sampada D. , Bharadwaj Vishwajit , Bharadwaj Rupali , Bitragunta Sailaja , Chintala Sreedhar , Chakma Tapas K. , Chandran Deenadayalan , Chavan Tejpalsinh A. , Dar Sunil , Das Bidisha , Dhaliwal R. S. , Gill Sandeep Singh , Gopal Bipin , Immanuel A. Branch , Jain Tanu , Jogewar Padmaja , Joshi Chakshu , Khanna Abhishek , Khedkar Suhas N. , Krishna Ashish , Kumar Navneet , Kumar Vijay , Madhavi M. , Ganeshkumar Parasuraman , Pathni Anupam Khungar , Ponna Satyendra N. , Puthussery Yannick P. , Rafique Mohamed E. , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Reddy Sravan K. , Sambandam Gopinath T. , Sahoo Swagata K. , Saxsena Ashish , Sharma Bhawna , Shrivastava Suyesh , Sivalingam Azhagendran , Singh Shweta , Singh Gurinder Bir , Swarnkar Sunny , Thakkar Jatin , Tullu Fikru T. , Venkatasamy Vettrichelvan , Wassey Mohammed , Wankhede Amol B. , Bhargava Balram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypertension is the leading single preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) project was designed to improve hypertension control in public sector clinics. The project was launched in 2018–2019 in 26 districts across five states: Punjab (5), Madhya Pradesh (3), Kerala (4), Maharashtra (4), and Telangana (10), with five core strategies: standard treatment protocol, reliable supply of free antihypertensive drugs, team-based care, patient-centered care, and an information system to track individual patient treatment and blood pressure control. All states implemented simple treatment protocols with three drugs: a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), angiotensin receptor blocker (telmisartan), and thiazide or a thiazide-like diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone). Medication supplies were adequate to support at least one month of treatment. Overall, 570,365 hypertensives were enrolled in 2018–2019; 11% did not have follow-up visits in the most recent 12 months. Clinic-level blood pressure control averaged 43% (range 22–79%) by Jan-March, 2020. The proportion of the estimated people with hypertension who had it controlled and documented in public clinics increased three-fold, albeit from very low levels (1.4–5.0%). The IHCI demonstrated the feasibility of implementing protocol-based hypertension treatment and control supported by a reliable drug supply and accurate information systems at scale in Indian primary health care facilities. Lessons from the IHCI’s initial phase will inform plans to improve screening in health care facilities, increase retention in care, and ensure a sustained supply of drugs as part of a nationwide hypertension control program.
CircKPNB1 mediates a positive feedback loop and promotes the malignant phenotypes of GSCs via TNF-α/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Jiang Yang , Zhao Junshuang , Liu Yingliang , Hu Juntao , Gao Liang , Wang Hui , Cui Daming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlioma stem cells (GSCs) are a special kind of cells in GBM showing tumor initiation, self-renewal, and multi-lineage differentiation abilities. Finding novel circRNAs related to GSCs is of great significance for the study of glioma. qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of circKPNB1, SPI1, DGCR8, and TNF-α. The expression of these molecules in GSCs was regulated by lentiviral-based infection. RNA immunoprecipitation assay, RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study the direct regulation mechanisms among these molecules. All the MTS, EDU, transwell, neurosphere formation assays, ELDA assays, and xenograft experiments were used to detect the malignant phenotype of GSCs. We found a novel circRNA circKPNB1 was overexpressed in GBM and associated with GBM patients’ poor prognosis. CircKPNB1 overexpression can promote the cell viabilities, proliferation, invasion, neurospheres formation abilities, and stemness of GSCs. Mechanistically, circKPNB1 regulates the protein stability and nuclear translocation of SPI1. SPI1 promotes the malignant phenotype of GSCs via TNF-α mediated NF-κB signaling. SPI1 can also transcriptionally upregulate DGCR8 expression, and the latter can maintain the stability of circKPNB1 and forms a positive feedback loop among DGCR8, circKPNB1 and SPI1. Our study found circKPNB1 was a novel oncogene in GBM and of great significance in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of GBM and maybe a novel target for molecular targeted therapy.
Endogenically sourced volatiles on Charon and other Kuiper belt objects
Authors: Menten Stephanie M. , Sori Michael M. , Bramson Ali M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKuiper belt objects (KBOs) have diverse surface compositions, and the New Horizons mission to the Pluto-Charon system allows us to test hypotheses on the origin and evolution of these KBO surfaces. Previous work proposed that Charon’s organic-rich north pole formed from radiolytically processed volatiles sourced from Pluto’s escaping atmosphere. Here, we show an endogenic source of volatiles from Charon’s interior is plausible. We calculate that cryovolcanic resurfacing released 1.29 × 1015–3.47 × 1015 kg of methane to Charon’s surface from its interior. We modeled volatile transport and found the vast majority of this volcanically released methane migrates to Charon’s poles, with deposition rates sufficient to be processed into the observed organic compounds. Irradiated methane products appear on similarly sized KBOs that do not orbit a Pluto-sized object to draw an escaping atmosphere from, so interior-sourced volatiles could be a common and important process across the Kuiper belt.
Small-scale fisheries catch more threatened elasmobranchs inside partially protected areas than in unprotected areas
Authors: Di Lorenzo Manfredi , Calò Antonio , Di Franco Antonio , Milisenda Giacomo , Aglieri Giorgio , Cattano Carlo , Milazzo Marco , Guidetti Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElasmobranchs are heavily impacted by fishing. Catch statistics are grossly underestimated due to missing data from various fishery sectors such as small-scale fisheries. Marine Protected Areas are proposed as a tool to protect elasmobranchs and counter their ongoing depletion. We assess elasmobranchs caught in 1,256 fishing operations with fixed nets carried out in partially protected areas within Marine Protected Areas and unprotected areas beyond Marine Protected Areas borders at 11 locations in 6 Mediterranean countries. Twenty-four elasmobranch species were recorded, more than one-third belonging to the IUCN threatened categories (Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered). Catches per unit of effort of threatened and data deficient species were higher (with more immature individuals being caught) in partially protected areas than in unprotected areas. Our study suggests that despite partially protected areas having the potential to deliver ecological benefits for threatened elasmobranchs, poor small-scale fisheries management inside Marine Protected Areas could hinder them from achieving this important conservation objective.
A suite of PCR-LwCas13a assays for detection and genotyping of Treponema pallidum in clinical samples
Authors: Chen Wentao , Luo Hao , Zeng Lihong , Pan Yuying , Parr Jonathan B. , Jiang Yinbo , Cunningham Clark H. , Hawley Kelly L. , Radolf Justin D. , Ke Wujian , Ou Jiangli , Yang Jianjiang , Yang Bin , Zheng Heping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe performance of commonly used assays for diagnosis of syphilis varies considerably depending on stage of infection and sample type. In response to the need for improved syphilis diagnostics, we develop assays that pair PCR pre-amplification of thetpp47gene ofTreponema pallidumsubsp.pallidumwith CRISPR-LwCas13a. The PCR-LwCas13a assay achieves an order of magnitude better analytical sensitivity than real-time PCR with equivalent specificity. When applied to a panel of 216 biological specimens, including 135 clinically confirmed primary and secondary syphilis samples, the PCR-LwCas13a assay demonstrates 93.3% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity, outperformingtpp47real-time PCR and rabbit-infectivity testing. We further adapt this approach to distinguishTreponema pallidum subsp. pallidumlineages and identify genetic markers of macrolide resistance. Our study demonstrates the potential of CRISPR-based approaches to improve diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of syphilis.
Met1-specific motifs conserved in OTUB subfamily of green plants enable rice OTUB1 to hydrolyse Met1 ubiquitin chains
Authors: Lu Lining , Zhai Xiaoguo , Li Xiaolong , Wang Shuansuo , Zhang Lijun , Wang Luyang , Jin Xi , Liang Lujun , Deng Zhiheng , Li Zichen , Wang Yanfeng , Fu Xiangdong , Hu Honggang , Wang Jiawei , Mei Ziqing , He Zhengguo , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLinear (Met1-linked) ubiquitination is involved inflammatory and innate immune signaling. Previous studies have characterized enzymes regulating the addition and removal of this modification in mammalian systems. However, only a few plant-derived deubiquitinases targeting Met1-linked ubiquitin chains have been reported and their mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, using a dehydroalanine-bearing Met1-diubiquitin suicide probe, we discover OTUB1 from Oryza sativa (OsOTUB1) as a Met1-linked ubiquitin chain-targeting deubiquitinase. By solving crystal structures of apo OsOTUB1 and an OsOTUB1/Met1-diubiquitin complex, we find that Met1 activity is conferred by Met1-specific motifs in the S1’ pocket of OsOTUB1. Large-scale sequence alignments and hydrolysis experiments provide evidence that these motifs are a general determinant of Met1 activity in the OTUB subfamily across species. Analysis of the species distribution of OTUBs capable of hydrolysing Met1-linked ubiquitin chains shows that this activity is conserved in green plants (Viridiplantae) and does not exist in metazoans, providing insights into the evolutionary differentiation between primitive plants and animals.
A CRISPR-based ultrasensitive assay detects attomolar concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in clinical samples
Authors: Tang Yanan , Song Turun , Gao Lu , Yin Saifu , Ma Ming , Tan Yun , Wu Lijuan , Yang Yang , Wang Yanqun , Lin Tao , Li Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCRISPR diagnostics are powerful tools for detecting nucleic acids but are generally not deployable for the detection of clinically important proteins. Here, we report an ultrasensitive CRISPR-based antibody detection (UCAD) assay that translates the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies into CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection in a homogeneous solution and is 10,000 times more sensitive than the classic immunoassays. Clinical validation using serum samples collected from the general population (n = 197), demonstrates that UCAD has 100% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity. With ultrahigh sensitivity, UCAD enables the quantitative analysis of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels in vaccinated kidney transplant recipients who are shown to produce “undetectable” anti-SARS-CoV-2 using standard immunoassay. Because of the high sensitivity and simplicity, we anticipate that, upon further clinical validation against large cohorts of clinical samples, UCAD will find wide applications for clinical uses in both centralized laboratories and point-of-care settings.
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factor DPF3 regulates metastasis of ccRCC by modulating TGF-β signaling
Authors: Cui Huanhuan , Yi Hongyang , Bao Hongyu , Tan Ying , Tian Chi , Shi Xinyao , Gan Diwen , Zhang Bin , Liang Weizheng , Chen Rui , Zhu Qionghua , Fang Liang , Gao Xin , Huang Hongda , Tian Ruijun , Sperling Silke R. , Hu Yuhui , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDPF3, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in a genome-wide association study. However, the functional role of DPF3 in ccRCC development and progression remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that DPF3a, the short isoform of DPF3, promotes kidney cancer cell migration both in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the clinical observation that DPF3a is significantly upregulated in ccRCC patients with metastases. Mechanistically, DPF3a specifically interacts with SNIP1, via which it forms a complex with SMAD4 and p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT), the major transcriptional regulators of TGF-β signaling pathway. Moreover, the binding of DPF3a releases the repressive effect of SNIP1 on p300 HAT activity, leading to the increase in local histone acetylation and the activation of cell movement related genes. Overall, our findings reveal a metastasis-promoting function of DPF3, and further establish the link between SWI/SNF components and ccRCC.
Pro-oxidant response and accelerated ferroptosis caused by synergetic Au(I) release in hypercarbon-centered gold(I) cluster prodrugs
Authors: Xiao Kui , Zhang Niyuan , Li Feifei , Hou Dayong , Zhai Xiaoyi , Xu Wanhai , Wang Gelin , Wang Hao , Zhao Liang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedicinal applications of gold complexes have recently attracted attention due to their innovative antitumor mechanisms. In this work, two hypercoordinated carbon-centered gold clusters PAA4 and PAA5 are quantitatively synthesized by an intramolecular 6-exo-dig cyclization of polymetalated precursors. The on-bench and in vitro experimental studies demonstrate that the characteristic hypercarbon-tetragold(I) multi-center bonding in PAA4 and PAA5 not only guarantees their stability under common physiological conditions, but also facilitates a glutathione (GSH)-triggered prompt and synergetic release of active Au(I) ions in the GSH-overexpressed and acidic microenvironment of human bladder cancer EJ cells. The instantly massive release of coordination unsaturated Au(I) ions causes the efficient inhibition of thioredoxin reductases and then induces a rapid pro-oxidant response, consequently causing the occurrence of accelerated ferroptosis of EJ cells. As a result, these hypercarbon-centered gold(I) cluster prodrugs show high cytotoxicity to bladder cancer cell lines and thus exhibit a significant inhibition effect towards bladder tumors in vivo. Correlation of the synergetic domino dissociation of carbon-polymetal multi-center bonding in metal clusters with the accelerated ferroptosis of cancer cells provides a strategy for metallo-prodrugs and opens a broader prospect for the biological application of metal cluster compounds.
Sequential process optimization for a digital light processing system to minimize trial and error
Authors: Choi Jae Won , Kim Gyeong-Ji , Hong Sukjoon , An Jeung Hee , Kim Baek-Jin , Ha Cheol Woo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn additive manufacturing, logical and efficient workflow optimization enables successful production and reduces cost and time. These attempts are essential for preventing fabrication problems from various causes. However, quantitative analysis and integrated management studies of fabrication issues using a digital light processing (DLP) system are insufficient. Therefore, an efficient optimization method is required to apply several materials and extend the application of the DLP system. This study proposes a sequential process optimization (SPO) to manage the initial adhesion, recoating, and exposure energy. The photopolymerization characteristics and viscosity of the photocurable resin were quantitatively analyzed through process conditions such as build plate speed, layer thickness, and exposure time. The ability of the proposed SPO was confirmed by fabricating an evaluation model using a biocompatible resin. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the developed resin was verified through experiments. The existing DLP process requires several trials and errors in process optimization. Therefore, the fabrication results are different depending on the operator’s know-how. The use of the proposed SPO enables a systematic approach for optimizing the process conditions of a DLP system. As a result, the DLP system is expected to be more utilized.
Construction of a hypoxia-derived gene model to predict the prognosis and therapeutic response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Haibin , Zheng Lian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks as the sixth most common cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis in the advanced stage. Increasing evidence has shown that hypoxia contributes to genetic alterations that have essential effects on the occurrence and progression of cancers. However, the exact roles hypoxia-related genes play in HNSCC remain unclear. In this study, we downloaded the mRNA expression profiles and clinical data of patients with HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. Two molecular subtypes were identified based on prognostic hypoxia-related genes using the ConsensusClusterPlus method. ESTIMATE was used to calculate the immune score of each patient. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology were used for functional annotation. A prognostic risk model was generated by Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. We identified two distinct molecular subtypes, cluster 1 and cluster 2, based on 200 hypoxia-related genes. Additionally, we identified three hypoxia-immune subgroups (hypoxia-high/immune-low, hypoxia-low/immune-high, and mixed subgroups). The hypoxia-high/immune-low group had the worst prognosis, while the hypoxia-low/immune-high group had the best prognosis. Patients in the hypoxia-low/immune-high group were more sensitive to anti-PD-L1 treatment and chemotherapy than those in the hypoxia-high/immune-low group. Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic risk model based on the differentially expressed genes between the hypoxia-immune subgroups. The survival analysis and time-dependent ROC analysis results demonstrated the good performance of the established 7-gene signature for predicting HNSCC prognosis. In conclusions, the constructed hypoxia-related model might serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC, and it could predict immunotherapy and chemotherapy efficacy in HNSCC.