bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of biomass dynamics in relation to tree size in forests across the world
Authors: Piponiot Camille , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Davies Stuart J. , Allen David , Bourg Norman A. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Cárdenas Dairon , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Chuyong George , Cordell Susan , Dattaraja Handanakere Shivaramaiah , Duque Álvaro , Ediriweera Sisira , Ewango Corneille , Ezedin Zacky , Filip Jonah , Giardina Christian P. , Howe Robert , Hsieh Chang‐Fu , Hubbell Stephen P. , Inman‐Narahari Faith M. , Itoh Akira , Janík David , Kenfack David , Král Kamil , Lutz James A. , Makana Jean‐Remy , McMahon Sean M. , McShea William , Mi Xiangcheng , Bt. Mohamad Mohizah , Novotný Vojtěch , O'Brien Michael J. , Ostertag Rebecca , Parker Geoffrey , Pérez Rolando , Ren Haibao , Reynolds Glen , Md Sabri Mohamad Danial , Sack Lawren , Shringi Ankur , Su Sheng‐Hsin , Sukumar Raman , Sun I‐Fang , Suresh Hebbalalu S. , Thomas Duncan W. , Thompson Jill , Uriarte Maria , Vandermeer John , Wang Yunquan , Ware Ian M. , Weiblen George D. , Whitfeld Timothy J. S. , Wolf Amy , Yao Tze Leong , Yu Mingjian , Yuan Zuoqiang , Zimmerman Jess K. , Zuleta Daniel , Muller‐Landau Helene C. 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Tree size shapes forest carbon dynamics and determines how trees interact with their environment, including a changing climate. Here, we conduct the first global analysis of among‐site differences in how aboveground biomass stocks and fluxes are distributed with tree size.

We analyzed repeat tree censuses from 25 large‐scale (4–52 ha) forest plots spanning a broad climatic range over five continents to characterize how aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality vary with tree diameter. We examined how the median, dispersion, and skewness of these size‐related distributions vary with mean annual temperature and precipitation.

In warmer forests, aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality were more broadly distributed with respect to tree size. In warmer and wetter forests, aboveground biomass and woody productivity were more right skewed, with a long tail towards large trees. Small trees (1–10 cm diameter) contributed more to productivity and mortality than to biomass, highlighting the importance of including these trees in analyses of forest dynamics.

Our findings provide an improved characterization of climate‐driven forest differences in the size structure of aboveground biomass and dynamics of that biomass, as well as refined benchmarks for capturing climate influences in vegetation demographic models.
Identification of conserved and new miRNAs that affect nodulation and strain selectivity in the Phaseolus vulgaris–Rhizobium etli symbiosis through differential analysis of host small RNAs
Authors: Castaingts Melisse , Kirolinko Cristina , Rivero Claudio , Artunian Jennifer , Mancini Villagra Ulises , Blanco Flavio Antonio , Zanetti María Eugenia 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Phaseolus vulgaris plants from the Mesoamerican centre of genetic diversification establish a preferential and more efficient root nodule symbiosis with sympatric Rhizobium etli strains. This is mediated by changes in host gene expression, which might occur either at the transcriptional or at the post‐transcriptional level. However, the implication of small RNA (sRNA)‐mediated control of gene expression in strain selectivity has remained elusive.

sRNA sequencing was used to identify host microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially regulated in roots at an early stage of the symbiotic interaction, which were further characterized by applying a reverse genetic approach.

In silico analysis identified known and new miRNAs that accumulated to a greater extent in the preferential and more efficient interaction. One of them, designated as Pvu‐miR5924, participates in the mechanisms that determine the selection of R. etli strains that will colonize the nodules. In addition, the functional analysis of Pvu‐miR390b verified that this miRNA is a negative modulator of nodule formation and bacterial infection.

This study not only extended the list of miRNAs identified in P. vulgaris but also enabled the identification of miRNAs that play relevant functions in nodule formation, rhizobial infection and the selection of the rhizobial strains that will occupy the nodule.
Prognostic outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma derived from proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review
Authors: Faustino Isabel Schausltz Pereira , de Pauli Paglioni Mariana , de Almeida Mariz Bruno Augusto Linhares , Normando Ana Gabriela Costa , Pérez‐de‐Oliveira Maria Eduarda , Georgaki Maria , Nikitakis Nikolaos G. , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate prognostic outcomes of PVL‐derived oral squamous cell carcinomas (P‐OSCC) based on recurrence, new primary tumour, metastasis and survival information.Study designFive databases and grey literature were searched electronically with the following main keywords (proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant transformation) to answer the following review question: ‘Are survival outcomes for P‐OSCC worse?’ based on the PECOS principle. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool was used to identify possible biases and assess the quality of each of the primary studies.ResultsA total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the results of this systematic review suggest that P‐OSCC can recur and generate new primary tumours; however, metastases are rare. Thus, most patients remain alive for an average period of 5 years.ConclusionApparently, P‐OSCC has better clinical prognostic characteristics than conventional OSCC. There is a lack of information on the main prognostic outcomes of P‐OSCC; therefore, specific studies must be performed to achieve a better comparison between P‐OSCC and conventional OSCC progression.
Acute effects of aerobic exercise on conflict suppression, response inhibition, and processing efficiency underlying inhibitory control processes: An ERP and SFT study
Authors: Kao Shih‐Chun , Baumgartner Nicholas , Nagy Christian , Fu Hao‐Lun , Yang Cheng‐Ta , Wang Chun‐Hao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAerobic exercise has been identified as an effective strategy for transiently enhancing inhibitory control, an ability to suppress irrelevant distractors while focusing on relevant information in facilitating the implementation of goal‐directed behavior. The purpose of this study was to employ a go/no‐go version of the redundant‐target task and event‐related potential to further determine whether inhibitory control at the perceptual and response levels as well as their underlying processing capacity and neuroelectric alterations are differentially affected by a single bout of aerobic exercise. Twenty‐seven young adults completed the redundant‐target task while electroencephalogram was recorded before and after one 20‐min bout of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise and a sitting control condition on separate days in counterbalanced order. Although behavioral outcomes of mean‐level performance did not differ between intervention conditions, time‐related decreases in processing capacity for the faster responses were only observed following rest. Aerobic exercise resulted in maintained P3b amplitude from pretest to posttest for all trial types while decreased P3b amplitude from pretest to posttest during single‐target and redundant‐target trials was observed following rest. Further, the time‐related changes in P3b amplitude were positively correlated with improvements in task performance following exercise. These findings suggest that a short bout of aerobic exercise selectively counteracts the time‐related decrements in processing capacity as well as neuroelectric processing of attention and conflict suppression that contribute to behavioral outcomes of inhibitory control.
Mapping the spatiotemporal patterns of beach litter on UK beaches from 2000 to 2016: An emerging hot spot analytical approach
Authors: Gu Qiushi , Zhang Haiping , Chen Yong , Li Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLitter pollution on beaches is a growing problem worldwide that threatens marine species and tourism experiences. It is important to establish a virtual geographic environment by simulating the spatiotemporal pattern of litter to enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of geographic environmental elements. This study visualized the spatiotemporal data of litter by type on a total of 1,762 UK beaches on the coastline and offshore islands from 2000 to 2016. Ten major sources of litter—including plastic/polystyrene, rubber, cloth, paper/cardboard, wood (machined), metal, glass, pottery/ceramics, and sanitary and medical items—were investigated in detail. The statistical analysis showed that the overall litter concentration was largely related to the intensity of human activity. Spatially, the hot spots were concentrated in the south, while the cold spots were mostly concentrated along the northern coast of the UK. The significance of the hot and cold spots tended to increase over time. Hot spot and cold spot distribution comparisons of 10 litter types were also conducted. Our results vividly depict the litter distribution in marine environments based on type. A deepened understanding provides clues concerning how to prevent the increasing accumulation of litter and clean litter in marine environments.
A revised view on the evolution of glutamine synthetase isoenzymes in plants
Authors: Valderrama‐Martín José Miguel , Ortigosa Francisco , Ávila Concepción , Cánovas Francisco M. , Hirel Bertrand , Cantón Francisco R. , Cañas Rafael A. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYGlutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme responsible for the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium into the amino acid glutamine. In plants, two groups of functional GS enzymes are found: eubacterial GSIIb (GLN2) and eukaryotic GSIIe (GLN1/GS). OnlyGLN1/GSgenes are found in vascular plants, which suggests that they are involved in the final adaptation of plants to terrestrial life. The present phylogenetic study reclassifies the differentGSgenes of seed plants into three clusters:GS1a,GS1bandGS2. The presence of genes encoding GS2 has been expanded to Cycadopsida gymnosperms, which suggests the origin of this gene in a common ancestor of Cycadopsida, Ginkgoopsida and angiosperms.GS1agenes have been identified in all gymnosperms, basal angiosperms and some Magnoliidae species. Previous studies in conifers and the gene expression profiles obtained in ginkgo and magnolia in the present work could explain the absence ofGS1ain more recent angiosperm species (e.g. monocots and eudicots) as a result of the redundant roles of GS1a and GS2 in photosynthetic cells. Altogether, the results provide a better understanding of the evolution of plant GS isoenzymes and their physiological roles, which is valuable for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and productivity. This new view of GS evolution in plants, including a new cytosolic GS group (GS1a), has important functional implications in the context of plant metabolism adaptation to global changes.
What drives updates of inflation expectations? A Bayesian VAR analysis for the G‐7 countries
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Belke Ansgar , Dubova Irina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInflation expectations play a crucial role for monetary policy transmission, having become even more important since the emergence of unconventional monetary policy. Based on survey data provided by Consensus Economics, we assess determinants of professional inflation expectations for the G7 economies, emphasising the role of international spillovers arising from the United States in inflation expectations. We also consider several other determinants of inflation expectation updates such as changes in the path of monetary policy, oil price shocks and changes in uncertainty measures. Based on a Bayesian VAR, we find significant evidence of international spillovers stemming from expectations about US monetary policy based on impulse‐response functions and forecast error decompositions. We provide similar evidence on spillovers from the dispersion across inflation forecasts, too.
Vertebral vascular canal dysplasia in French and English Bulldogs: Clinical, CT, and MRI characteristics and prevalence
Authors: Santifort Koen M. , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo , Bernardini Marco , Kortz Gregg D. , Gomes Sergio A. , Lowrie Mark , De Decker Steven , Glass Eric N. , Bergknut Niklas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe authors have observed a vertebral anomaly in French and English Bulldogs and termed this anomaly “vertebral vascular canal dysplasia (VVCD).” No previously published descriptions of this anomaly were found. The aims of this retrospective, multi‐institutional, observational study were to (1) describe the clinical, CT, and MRI characteristics of VVCD, and (2) estimate the prevalence and describe the characteristics of VVCD in a group of French and English Bulldogs. For descriptions of the anomaly, medical records and imaging studies of nine clinical cases with VVCD from several countries were reviewed. For estimation of prevalence, imaging studies of French and English Bulldogs from the United Kingdom (UK) and Italy were reviewed. All clinical case dogs had ≥5 thoracic vertebrae with VVCD affecting >50% of vertebral body height (VBH). The prevalence of VVCD involving ≥1 thoracic vertebra in the UK population (CT identified) of English Bulldogs and French Bulldogs was, respectively, 83.3% (30/36) and 68.3% (28/41). English Bulldogs had significantly more thoracic vertebrae with VVCD than French Bulldogs (P = < 0.01). The prevalence of VVCD in ≥1 thoracic vertebra in the Italian population (MRI identified) of English Bulldogs and French Bulldogs was, respectively, 21.7% (5/23) and 6.6% (7/106). Vertebral vascular canal dysplasia was observed in normal as well as in malformed vertebrae (e.g., hemivertebrae). Findings from the current study introduced descriptions of VVCD that can be used as background for future studies.
An Analytical Corner Rounding Algorithm With G01 Shape Preserving for Five-Axis Computer Numerical Controlled Machining
Authors: Yin Xiaolong , Guan Junnan , Chen Mansen , Sun Yuwen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
G01 blocks are the widespread format of toolpath in computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining. For achieving smooth motion and eliminating the geometrical discontinuity at the block transitions, various local corner smoothing methods have been developed. However, in these methods, the loss of featured information of parts is inevitable. Focused on this topic, this article proposes a new analytical G2 continuous corner smoothing method with G01 shape preserving for five-axis linear toolpath by locally inserting specially designed B-splines into the corners of consecutive segments. First, by analyzing the condition of G01 shape preserving, the configuration expression of control points for B-splines is yielded for passing through G01 point. On this basis, the tool tip position is smoothed by symmetrical B-splines with minimum curvature in the workpiece coordinate system (WCS). Then, another asymmetrical B-splines is used to smooth tool orientation in the machine coordinate system (MCS). After that, the satisfaction conditions of parametric synchronization between tool tip position and tool orientation are mathematically derived at junctions, while the corresponding maximum smoothing errors are also constrained in WCS. Compared with the existing methods, not only the tool tip points and orientation vectors specified in original G01 blocks are preserved but also the optimal control points considering the curvature of smooth splines can be obtained analytically. Finally, simulations and experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Scutigera: Design, Modeling, and Experiments for an Artistic Multibody Airship Concept
Authors: Salas Gordoniz Jorge Esteban , Reeves Nicolas , St-Onge David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The exploration of new lands has always been a source of motivation for mankind. Despite the common idea that our planet is fully known, a huge number of inaccessible places still remain unvisited today, especially below the surface. Recent advances in robotics allow some of these locations to be explored by unmanned vehicles. This paper presents the design of a three modules lighter-than-air vehicle specifically conceived to autonomously explore inaccessible caves and underground environments. The design is inspired from an arthropod, Scutigera coleoptrata, a long-legged centipede commonly found in our houses. Instead of crawling on walls like its biological counterpart, the robotic scutigera hovers and flies in cave tunnels. The aim is to develop a flexible semi-rigid, segmented airship that can withstand long, smooth explorations of caves while transmitting in real-time the images and sounds that it captures. This paper presents the equations of motion for a single module, and experimental results to identify the physical properties of the Scutigera modules. For simulation and control, we develop the model of the multibody system, based on the kinematics of the modules and the dynamics of the vehicle derived using Kane’s equations. Our approach can be extended for an n-bodies system. A three-segment motion is illustrated with simplified scenarios in the horizontal plane using head actuation only. Finally, a structural design of the modules is presented and supported with a proof-of-concept prototype.
Neural Network-Based Pose Estimation Approaches for Mobile Manipulation
Authors: Chowdhury Arindam B. , Li Juncheng , Cappelleri David J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper illustrates two approaches for the mobile manipulation of factory robots using deep neural networks. The networks are trained using synthetic datasets unique to the factory environment. Approach I uses depth and red-green-blue (RGB) images of objects for its convolutional neural network (CNN) and Approach II uses computer-aided design models of the objects with RGB images for a deep object pose estimation (DOPE) network and perspective-n-point (PnP) algorithm. Both the approaches are compared based on their complexity, required resources for training, robustness, pose estimation accuracy, and run-time characteristics. Recommendations of which approach is suitable under what circumstances are provided. Finally, the most suitable approach is implemented on a real mobile factory robot in order to execute a series of manipulation tasks and validate the approach.
Prevalence, Sociodemographic, and Health Correlates of Insufficient Physical Activity and High Sedentary Behavior Among Older Adults in Singapore
Authors: Aithal Seema , Visaria Abhijit , Malhotra Rahul 
Published: February 2022

We determined the prevalence and correlates of insufficient physical activity and high sedentary behavior among a nationally representative sample of 2,240 older adults (≥60 years) in Singapore. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, administered through face-to-face interviews, assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior. Logistic regression identified the correlates of insufficient physical activity (<600 metabolic equivalent of task minutes/week) and high sedentary behavior (>7 hr/day). The prevalence of insufficient physical activity and high sedentary behavior was 33.7% and 17.3%, respectively. Those older, females, Malays, residing in smaller housing, living with child but no spouse, with functional limitations and sensory impairments (vision/hearing) were more likely to have insufficient physical activity whereas those with tertiary education had lower odds. High sedentary behavior was more likely among those older, with secondary education, preobesity/obesity, and with functional limitations. While policies should encourage all older adults to be physically active, at-risk subgroups identified in our study merit greater attention.
The effects of pain induced by blood flow occlusion in one leg on exercise tolerance and corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the contralateral leg in males
Authors: Azevedo Rafael A. , Jazayeri Delbar , Yeung Samuel T. , Khoshreza Rojan , Millet Guillaume Y. , Murias Juan M. , Aboodarda Saied J. 
Published: February 2022

Experiencing pain in one leg can alter exercise tolerance and neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) responses in the contralateral leg; however, the corticospinal modulations to nonlocal experimental pain induced by blood flow occlusion remain unknown. In three randomized visits, 13 male participants performed 25% of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (25%IMVC) to task failure with one leg preceded by (i) 6-min rest (CON), (ii) cycling at 80% of peak power output until task failure with the contralateral leg (CYCL), or (iii) CYCL followed by blood flow occlusion (OCCL) during 25%IMVC. NMF assessments (IMVC, voluntary activation [VA], and potentiated twitch [Qtw]) were performed at baseline and task failure. During the 25%IMVC, transcranial magnetic stimulations were performed to obtain motor-evoked potential (MEP), silent period (SP), and short intracortical inhibition (SICI). 25%IMVC was the shortest in OCCL (105 ± 50s) and shorter in CYCL (154 ± 68 s) than CON (219 ± 105 s) ( p < 0.05). IMVC declined less after OCCL (–24 ± 19%) and CYCL (–27 ± 18%), then CON (–35 ± 11%) ( p < 0.05). Qtw declined less in OCCL (–40 ± 25%) compared to CYCL (–50 ± 22%) and CON (–50 ± 21%) ( p < 0.05). VA was similar amongst conditions. MEP and SP increased and SICI decreased throughout the task, while SP was longer for OCCL compared to CYC condition ( p < 0.05). The results suggest that pain in one leg diminishes contralateral limb exercise tolerance and NMF development and modulate corticospinal inhibition in males. Novelty: Pain in one leg diminished MVC and twitch force decline in the contralateral limb. Experimental pain induced by blood flow occlusion may modulation corticospinal inhibition of the neural circuitries innervating the contralateral exercise limb.
Gravitational decoupling, hairy black holes and conformal anomalies
Authors: Meert Pedro , da Rocha Roldao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHairy black holes in the gravitational decoupling setup are studied from the perspective of conformal anomalies. Fluctuations of decoupled sources can be computed by measuring the way the trace anomaly-to-holographic Weyl anomaly ratio differs from the unit. Therefore the gravitational decoupling parameter governing three hairy black hole metrics is then bounded to a range wherein one can reliably emulate AdS/CFT with gravitational decoupled solutions, in the tensor vacuum regime.
Processing of Functional Yoghurt-Like Product from Soymilk Supplemented by Probiotics
Authors: Almghawesh Enas , Slik Samir , Okkou Hussam 
Published: February 2022

In this study, a new functional yoghurt-like product was manufactured using soymilk (sample B), mix of soymilk and cow milk (sample C), and both were compared with yoghurt of cow milk (sample A) as a control. The three yoghurt samples (A, B, and C) were processed using the traditional starter culture and Bifidobacterium bifidum: (A) 100% cow milk yoghurt, (B) 100% soymilk yoghurt, and (C) (

50
%
cow

milk
+
50
%
soy

milk

) yoghurt. All samples were stored at 4°C for 15 days and analyzed on 1st, 7th, and 15th day of the storage period. The results showed that all samples have kept a vital force of 106 colony/g until the 15th day of cooled storage period, and thus, achieving the feature of probiotic food. Moreover, soymilk yoghurt had the highest content of protein (3.75%) and the highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids, making it nutritious and healthy food. Furthermore, it had an acceptable taste, smell, and a firm texture. This product may be considered as a probiotic vegan and partial alternative to cow milk yoghurt. Additionally, adding probiotic bacteria prolonged the shelf-life and improved the flavor of soymilk.