bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saudi YouTube Influencers, Their Relationship to Dubai and the Role of Social Media in Dubai’s Urban Branding Strategy
Authors: Zahren Sabrina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
YouTube influencers, especially from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), command a huge (young) audience and form part of a global pop cultural mainstream representative of the fast-growing digital content industry. These YouTubers are on one hand embedded in a highly professionalized network, consisting of multi-channel networks (MCN s), media companies, TV stations and advertising partners, all operating from Dubai. On the other hand, they feature Dubai’s cityscape and urban spaces in their posts and videos and contribute to urban branding. In this article, I want to evaluate the financially profitable relationship between influencers and Dubai by analyzing footage of the Saudi YouTuber and rapper Dyler (b. 2001). Taking into consideration the political economy of social media in the Gulf as well as the political economy of urban branding in Dubai, the article discusses the political consequences of this relationship on social media, youth culture and urban development in the region.
Mitigation of cellular collapse during drying of Eucalyptus nitens wood using supercritical CO2 dewatering
Authors: Pearson Hamish , Donaldson Lloyd , Kimberley Mark 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Removal of lumen water by dewatering using supercritical CO2 offers an alternative method to mitigate cellular collapse in susceptible hardwoods compared to conventional timber drying methods. The anatomy of Eucalyptus nitens was quantitatively measured by light microscopy, SEM and micro-CT to provide an understanding of the mechanism of collapse during drying. These measurements were then used to recalibrate a previously developed fluid-dynamics model to predict E. nitens vessel dewatering and develop a dewatering treatment strategy for collapse mitigation. The lumens of E. nitens were from fibres (58.5% cross-section) and vessels (10.0% cross-section) with mean diameters of 8 and 142 μm, respectively. Micro-CT measurements revealed that the vessels were empty after treatment with a supercritical CO2 dewatering schedule optimised for softwood. However, the fibres remained full and this led to significant collapse during subsequent oven drying. Based on this information, a two-phase dewatering schedule was developed to include removal of fibre lumen water. Results showed that 90% of collapse could be mitigated to a change in external volume of only 3.9% provided the green moisture content was lowered to 70% before oven drying. The predicted effective diffusion coefficient of CO2 in E. nitens was comparable to Pinus radiata and they showed similar anatomical tortuosity and porosity resistance in their hydrofluidic networks. Collapse mitigation using supercritical CO2 could be combined with extraction of desirable sap components, post-dewatering drying, preservative treatment, and mechanical forming. These processes may be achieved in a single supercritical plant and apply to most anatomically similar hardwoods.
A Genesis Potential Index for Polar Lows
Authors: Boyd Kevin , Wang Zhuo , Walsh John E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polar lows (PLs) are intense maritime mesocyclones that typically develop during marine cold-air outbreak events over the high latitudes. The impacts posed by these systems to humans and the broader environment demand a robust understanding of the environmental factors that promote PL formation and, in turn, skillful prediction of PL activity. We hypothesize that the variability of PL activity is associated with some key large-scale climate variables skewed toward “extreme” values, which can provide predictable information on PL activity beyond the synoptic time scale. A PL genesis potential index (PGI) is developed that relates the climatological spatial distribution of PL genesis frequency and key climate variables in a Poisson regression framework. The optimal set of predictors consists of a static stability parameter and an environmental baroclinicity parameter. The optimal predictor categories are shown to be robust across different reanalyses and PL track datasets. The observed spatial distribution and seasonal cycle of PL genesis frequency are represented well by the PGI, and the interannual variability of PL activity is captured skillfully. The effects of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and a few other climate modes on the interannual variability of PL activity are explored. Overall, our results suggest that the PGI may be used to inform skillful subseasonal to seasonal prediction of PL activity.

Significance Statement
Polar lows are intense mesocyclones over high-latitude oceans, and they have destructive impacts on coastal and island communities, and maritime and air operations. However, skillful prediction of polar lows on the subseasonal and longer time scales remains challenging. This study links polar low activity to large-scale environmental conditions in the Arctic through a statistical modeling approach. This work is based on the hypothesis that a shared statistical relationship exists between the large-scale climate variables and polar low activity across the Arctic, which enables a geographical unification of the controlling factors on polar low activity. Our results reveal two dominant factors, one related to the lower-tropospheric stratification and the other to the hydrodynamic instability of the lower-tropospheric flow. This statistical framework has potential applications to climate prediction and projection of polar low activity.
Adaptive Variable Threshold Event-Triggered Control for Trajectory Tracking of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with Actuator Saturation
Authors: Xu Jian , Wang Xing , Liu Ping , Duan Qiaoyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article develops a novel event-triggered sliding mode control (ETSMC) approach with variable threshold to deal with trajectory tracking matters of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) accompanied by actuator saturation and external disturbances, which can effectively reduce the communication burden between the controller and actuator. The proposed scheme will be very practical when some extreme situations occur. First, the closed-loop system is split into two parts: fixed terms determined by the system itself and nonlinear terms caused by uncertain factors. The nonlinear terms are estimated through adaptive technique. Then the apposite event-triggered mechanism, adaptive laws, and modeled actuator saturation characteristics are designed. The correctness of the presented scheme is illustrated via the stability analysis in the sequel, and the Zeno phenomenon is certificated to be excluded simultaneously. Finally, two different reference motion trajectories are adopted in the simulation experiments, which can indicate that the proposed ETSMC possesses performance superiority and only requires to consume a small amount of communication resources in trajectory tracking control of AUVs.

Significance Statement
Through the research of this article, we propose a novel event-triggered sliding mode control method with variable threshold applied to autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). When conducting ocean exploration work, we usually need the AUVs to follow particular trajectories. By using the proposed method, it can greatly reduce the loss of communication resources inside the system.
Mesoscale Circulation and Intensity Changes of a Landfalling Typhoon: Role of the Coastal Barrier Jet
Authors: Kao Yu-Cheng , Jou Ben Jong-Dao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using coastal radar and surface observations of Taiwan, an investigation of intensity and structure variations in the inner core of Typhoon Haitang (0505) is conducted. Within a 3-h period (1933–2233 UTC 17 July 2005), Haitang experienced intensity vacillation with merging of the eyewall with a rainband induced by the coastal barrier jet (CBJ); concentric eyewall breakdown and weakening; and eyewall recovery, contraction, and re-intensification. The northerly flow of the CBJ converged with the southerly flow of a leeside meso-low to form a west–east line of convection south of the storm when the storm was still 100 km offshore. The rainband propagated radially inward and triggered eyewall–rainband interaction. The interaction resulted in approximately 30% amplification of precipitation and 20% decrease in the axisymmetric tangential wind. Barotropic instability is speculated to be the underlying dynamic process. The recovery of the eyewall, following nearshore eyewall axisymmetrization and contraction, resulted in a 40% intensity increase before landfall.

Significance Statement
The behaviors and underlying physical processes of a landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) under the influence of complex terrain are studied by using coastal radars. The TC inner core structure and intensity change, including concentric eyewall breakdown, weakening, eyewall recovery, eyewall contraction, and re-intensification that occurred 3 h before TC made landfall are documented. The terrain-induced coastal barrier jet and leeside meso-low helped to form an intense line convection near the southern fringe of the eyewall and triggered the rainband–eyewall interaction.
Diagnosing Near-Surface Model Errors with Candidate Physics Parameterization Schemes for the Multiphysics Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) Ensemble during Winter over the Northeastern United States and Southern Great Plains
Authors: Hu Xiao-Ming , Park Jun , Supinie Timothy , Snook Nathan A. , Xue Ming , Brewster Keith A. , Brotzge Jerald , Carley Jacob R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the winter of 2020/21 an ensemble of FV3-LAM forecasts was produced over the contiguous United States for the Winter Weather Experiment using five physics suites. These forecasts are evaluated with the goal of optimizing physics parameterizations within the future operational Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) in the Unified Forecast System (UFS) realm and for selecting suitable physics suites for a multiphysics RRFS ensemble. The five physics suites have different combinations of land surface models (LSMs), planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations, and surface layer schemes, chosen from those used in current and possible future operational systems and likely to be supported in the operational UFS. Full-season evaluation reveals a persistent near-surface cold bias in the U.S. Northeast from one suite and a nighttime warm bias in the southern Great Plains in another suite, while other suites have smaller biases. A representative case is chosen to diagnose the cause for each of these biases using sensitivity simulations with different physics combinations or modified parameters and verified with additional mesonet observations. The cold bias in the Northeast is attributed to aspects of the Noah-MP LSM over snow cover, where Noah-MP simulates lower soil water content, and thus lower thermal conductivity than other LSMs, leading to less upward ground heat flux during nighttime and consequently lower surface temperature. The nighttime warm bias found in the southern Great Plains is attributed to overestimation of vertical mixing in the K-profile-based eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (K-EDMF) PBL scheme and insufficient land–atmospheric coupling from the GFS surface layer scheme over short vegetation. A few key parameters driving these systematic biases are identified.
Effect of Health Disparities on Refusal of Trimodality Therapy in Localized Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Salti Isabella , Petesch Taylor , Naffouje Samer A. , Kamarajah Sivesh K. , Dahdaleh Fadi 
Published: September 2022

Background Factors associated with refusal of multimodality therapy in patients with localized esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) remain unknown. We hypothesized that sociodemographic disparities affect decision to pursue optimal trimodally therapy for patients with EA. Methods NCDB for esophageal cancer (2004-2017) was utilized. Included were patients diagnosed with cT3-T4 cN0 or cTany N1-3 EA of the mid-lower esophagus. Annual institutional esophagectomy volumes were categorized as low (<20/year) and high (≥20/year). Conditional logistic regression was used to identify predictors of refusal of offered treatment. Kaplan Meier method was used to compare survival. Results 13 091 patients met selection criteria, mean age was 62.4 ± 9.6 years and 11 581 (88.5%) were males. 633 (4.8%) patients refused at least one component of recommended treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, and esophagectomy), most commonly refusal of surgery (N = 554, 4.2%). On multivariable analysis, factors predictive of treatment refusal included older age, female gender, black race, no insurance, low income (below poverty), mid-esophageal tumors, and treatment at low-volume centers. Patients who were recommended treatment but refused had significantly worse survival than those who adhered to treatment (median 23.1 ± 1.1 vs. 32.1 ± 1.2 months; P < .001). Conclusions In this study, sociodemographic disparities and center volume were among factors predictive of therapy refusal in patients with localized esophageal adenocarcinoma. While understanding potential reasons for treatment refusal is critical, this data suggests that socioeconomic variables may drive patient decisions.
Low Prevalence but High Impact of COVID-19 Positive Status in Adult Trauma Patients: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 28 904 Patients
Authors: Fakhry Samir M. , Morse Jennifer L. , Garland Jeneva M. , Elkbuli Adel , Sheets Nicholas W. , Slivinski Andrea , Berg Gina M. , Wyse Ransom J. , Shen Yan , Wilson Nina Y. , Miller Amanda L. , Carrick Matthew M. , Fisher Chris , Shillinglaw William C. , Banton Kaysie L. , Lieser Mark J. , Chipko John M. , McBride Katherine M. , Biswas Saptarshi , Watts Dorraine D. 
Published: September 2022

Background Few large investigations have addressed the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among trauma patients and impact on providers. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among trauma patients by timing of diagnosis, assess nosocomial exposure risk, and evaluate the impact of COVID-19 positive status on morbidity and mortality. Methods Registry data from adults admitted 4/1/2020-10/31/2020 from 46 level I/II trauma centers were grouped by: timing of first positive status (Day 1, Day 2-6, or Day ≥ 7); overall Positive/Negative status; or Unknown if test results were unavailable. Groups were compared on outcomes (Trauma Quality Improvement Program complications) and mortality using univariate analysis and adjusted logistic regression. Results There were 28 904 patients (60.7% male, mean age: 56.4, mean injury severity score: 10.5). Of 13 274 (46%) patients with known COVID-19 status, 266 (2%) were Positive Day 1, 119 (1%) Days 2-6, 33 (.2%) Day ≥ 7, and 12 856 (97%) tested Negative. COVID-19 Positive patients had significantly worse outcomes compared to Negative; unadjusted comparisons showed longer hospital length of stay (10.98 vs 7.47; P < .05), higher rates of intensive care unit (57.7% vs 45.7%; P < .05) and ventilation use (22.5% vs 16.9%; P < .05). Adjusted comparisons showed higher rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome (1.7% vs .4%; P < .05) and death (8.1% vs 3.4%; P < .05). Conclusions This multicenter study conducted during the early pandemic period revealed few trauma patients tested COVID-19 positive, suggesting relatively low exposure risk to care providers. COVID-19 positive status was associated with significantly higher mortality and specific morbidity. Further analysis is needed with consideration for care guidelines specific to COVID-19 positive trauma patients as the pandemic continues.
Optimization of the curing cycle for the large-scale composite stiffened panel based on the response surface methodology and Fgoalattain algorithm
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Qiang , Wang Lingyun , Song Xiaowen , Ke Yinglin 
Published: September 2022

The autoclave curing process of the large-scale composite stiffened panel greatly affects the manufacturing quality of the component, especially the curing quality of stiffeners and the bonding quality between stiffeners and the panel. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is developed to optimize the curing cycle for the composite T-stiffened fuselage panel, which aims to minimize the temperature difference within the component to achieve better forming quality. The autoclave curing model considering thermal properties of composites is established and verified by the experiment first. The response surface models are then built up with the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The fgoalattain algorithm is applied to solve the multi-objective optimization problem with nonlinear constraints. Results show that the maximum temperature difference of the two groups of monitoring points decreases by 22.91% and 21.42%, respectively. Besides, the total curing time is also reduced by 11 mins.
Assessment of Mental Health and Coping Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic Groups Amid COVID-19 From the “How Right Now” Campaign
Authors: Burke-Garcia Amelia , Berktold Jennifer , Rabinowitz Lucy , Wagstaff Laura , W. Thomas Craig , Crick Cynthia , Walsh Michele S. , Mitchell Elizabeth W. , Verlenden Jorge M. Vallery , Puddy Richard , Mercado Melissa C. , Xia Kanru , Aina Tola , Caicedo Larisa , Nelson, BA Pierce 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: How Right Now (HRN) is an evidence-based, culturally responsive communication campaign developed to facilitate coping and resilience among US groups disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To inform the development of this campaign, we examined patterns in emotional health, stress, and coping strategies among HRN’s audiences, focusing on differences among racial and ethnic groups. Methods: We used a national probability panel, AmeriSpeak, to collect survey data from HRN’s priority audience members in English and Spanish at 2 time points (May 2020 and May 2021). We conducted statistical testing to examine differences between time points for each subgroup (Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White) and differences among subgroups at each time point. Results: We found disparities in COVID-19–related mental health challenges and differences in coping strategies. Non-Hispanic Black respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic White respondents to report challenges related to the social determinants of health, such as affording food and housing (26.4% vs 9.4% in May 2020) and experiencing personal financial loss (46.6% vs 29.2% in May 2020). In May 2021, 30.6% of Hispanic respondents reported being unable to meet basic food or housing needs versus 8.2% of non-Hispanic White respondents, and 51.6% reported personal financial loss versus 26.5% of non-Hispanic White respondents. Conclusions: Our study further illuminates what is needed to build emotional well-being pathways for people who historically have been economically and socially marginalized. Our findings underscore the need for public health interventions to provide culturally responsive mental health support to populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19 during the pandemic and into the future, with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities.
Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta Variant) in a Youth Camp Associated With Community Spread, Nebraska, June–July 2021
Authors: Bai Julia (He) , Phinney Suzanne , Angell Kathleen , Grimm Brandon , Tegomoh Bryan , Figliomeni Jonathan , Abdalhamid Baha , Khan Ali S. , Donahue Matthew , Brett-Major David M. , McDougall Laura 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: During June–July 2021, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred among attendees of a summer youth camp in Nebraska. We assessed the factors that contributed to onward transmission of disease. Methods: The Four Corners Health Department conducted an outbreak investigation and recorded both laboratory-confirmed and self-reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigation measures employed. We generated sequences on positive specimens, created an epidemic curve to assist with outbreak visualization, and examined epidemiologic, genomic, and laboratory outcomes. Results: Evaluation of 3 index cases led to the identification of 25 people with COVID-19 who interacted directly with the camp. Contact tracing revealed an additional 18 cases consistent with onward community transmission. Most (24 of 35, 68.5%) vaccine-eligible community cases were not vaccinated. We sequenced 8 positive specimens; all were identified as the Delta variant. Precamp planning incorporated local health officials who recommended wearing face masks, practicing social distancing, and using attendee cohorts to limit mixing of people involved in various activities. Conclusion: Low vaccination levels and poor face mask–wearing habits among attendees resulted in secondary and tertiary spread of SARS-CoV-2 and severe outcomes among young adults. This outbreak of COVID-19 at a youth camp highlights the importance of vaccination and use of other measures to interrupt opportunities for SARS-CoV-2 spread in the community and shows that vaccinated people remain vulnerable to infection when in an environment of high exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Proactive case identification and interruption of chains of transmission can help decrease the number of cases and avoid further severe outcomes.