bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Quality Indicators of Breast Cancer Management at a Tertiary Cancer Center in Nepal
Authors: Baral Shweta , Silwal Sudhir Raj , Shrestha Utsav Man , Lamichhane Deep 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE Breast cancer is the second commonest cancer among female in Nepal. This is our first attempt to audit breast cancer management in our institute and compare with standard quality indicators (QIs) available. METHODS The retrospective study included 104 female patients with breast cancer who had taken treatment at Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital in 1 year. Participants were selected on the basis of convenience sampling. Of 33 QIs in breast cancer management according to European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists guidelines, 19 QIs were chosen relevant to our setup. These QIs were calculated for all patients and compared with the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists standard target. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and presented in tables. Binomial 95% of the rates for QI adherence were also calculated for each QI. RESULTS One hundred four patients had a median age of 47.5 years (range 24-70 years). Applicable QIs were in the range of 5-15 with a mean of 9.66 per patient. Of 19 evaluable QIs, very high adherence rates were observed in six QIs, high adherence in three Qis, and low adherences in 10 QIs. High adherence rates were for QI 5 and QI 10a, which were 88.46% and 94.73%, respectively. The low compliance was for QI 1, QI 4a, QI 8, QI 9d, QI 10b, QI 11a, QI 11b, QI 13b, QI 13e, and 14b, which were 53.84%, 78.21%, 0%, 83.16%, 76.92%, 36.0%, 33.33%, 4.76%, 30.55%, and 10.81%, respectively. CONCLUSION There are several QIs that have low levels of adherence in our setting and suggest that there is significant room for improvement. We will be continuing auditing these QIs regularly to improve our quality of care.
Catalytic Intramolecular Cyclization of Alkynyl Cyclic Acetals via Chemoselective Activation Leading to a Phenanthrene Core
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Fujii Akiko , Park Kwihwan , Furugen Chikara , Takagi Akira , Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An intramolecular cyclization reaction of alkynyl cyclic acetals to synthesize various phenanthrene derivatives in the presence of silver triflate (AgOTf) or boron trifluoride etherate (BF3·OEt2) as catalysts has been developed. By using AgOTf or BF3·OEt2 appropriately depending on the substituents various alkynyl cyclic acetals were converted to the corresponding phenanthrene derivatives. Investigations of reaction mechanisms, X-ray structure of the product, and computational density functional theory (DFT) study suggested that the reaction proceeds via alkyne activation (π-activation) or acetal activation (σ-activation) pathways based on π- or σ-Lewis acidities.
Acceleration of Chemiluminescence Reactions with Coumarin-Modified Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Iizuka Daisuke , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chemiluminescence has attracted much attention as a light source and an excitation mediator without electric power sources. To develop advanced optical materials, it is necessary to control the chemiluminescence behavior more precisely by molecular design. Herein, we describe influence of the connection to the inorganic scaffold on the chemiluminescence properties with coumarin-modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (D1421-POSS). Accordingly, when D1421-POSS was chemically excited using bis(2-carbopentyloxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (CPPO), it was shown that the initiation of chemical emission reactions was accelerated by the POSS connection, comparing to the model compound D1421-arm. From cyclic voltammetry measurements, it was revealed that the oxidation potential of D1421-POSS was significantly lower than that of D1421-arm. From these data, we propose the mechanism that aggregation assisted by the POSS core induces low oxidation potential, resulting in the acceleration of chemiluminescence reactions.
Efficacy, Feasibility, and Safety of Percutaneous Image-Guided Catheter Drainage of Thoracic, Abdominal, and Pelvic Fluid Collections.
Authors: Rai Santosh , Gadwal Aishwarya , Gopal Sandeep , Prabhu Shivananda , Acharya Vishak , Noronha Griselda , Srivastava Saubhagya 
Published: March 2022

Background – Image-guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) using a pigtail catheter bridges the gap between non-invasive and invasive surgical intervention with minimally invasive, image-guided drainage. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, feasibility, safety, and relevant clinical outcomes of image guided PCD of thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic fluid collections. It also aims to assess the causes of complications and failure associated with PCD. Methods – This prospective analysis of 83 patients with abdominal, thoracic, or pelvic fluid collections was conducted by categorizing patients into three groups of intervention namely – group A (intermittent needle aspiration (INA) and PCD in the same sitting), group B (INA followed by PCD after a 48-hour interval gap), and group C (INA and PCD followed by open surgical drainage). Outcomes were measured in terms of statistical analysis, complications, residual collection, success, and failure rates of the procedure. Results – Abdomen was the most frequently encountered site of fluid collection (61.45%), CT was the most utilized modality for image guidance (61.45%), and fluid drained was most frequently purulent (57.83%). Majority of the patients were categorized into group B (57.83%), followed by group A (38.53%), and group C (3.61%). Pain at the catheter insertion site was the most commonly reported complication (72.23%). Group A and Group B showed a success rate of 93.7% and 97.9% respectively. Conclusion – In our study, image-guided PCD proved to be a time saving and efficient intervention, making it an intervention of choice in a variety of fluid collections/abscesses. INA should be considered as an initial step of management for fluid drainage, which provides an access pathway for catheter placement for PCD.
Electronic signature and attestation in conveyancing practice: A Malaysian legal perspective
Authors: Hua Siong Wong , Munzil Muhamad Mohd 
Published: March 2022

Background The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to global business activities. Physical face-to-face activities must be restricted due to movement control order (MCO). The clients are required to sign the documents physically in the presence of the solicitor who must subsequently attest to the signature of the clients. The issue arises whether electronic signature (e-signature) and attestation are permissible under the laws of Malaysia. The aim of this research was to study the legality of e-signature and attestation in conveyancing practice in Malaysia and subsequently to propose recommendations to overcome these issues. Methods This is qualitative study and not an empirical study. The data was collected by library-based research from various primary and secondary data sources, including case law in Malaysia, written statutes, publication of journal and article. Results The Digital Signatures Act 1997 (DSA) and the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (ECA) have legalised e-signatures. The DSA is the law that governs the digital signatures in Malaysia. ECA has listed a few documents which are not legally accepted if signed electronically, namely Power of Attorney, the Wills and codicils, the Trusts, and negotiable instruments. However, with regards to the issue of attestation of these documents, there are no clear laws which govern the attestation. The legal issue arises when the lawyers who have attested these documents are liable to be called as witness under the Evidence Act 1950 to testify their signature if these documents are tendered as evidence in any court proceedings. Conclusion Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for unique legal framework for e-signature and attestation in Malaysia due to the lack of specific laws which govern the issues of electronic signature and attestation.
Broadband terahertz tunable multi-film absorber based on phase-change material
Authors: Peng Hao , Yang Ke , Huang Zhenxin , Chen Zhi 
Published: March 2022

Based on the impedance matching method, we have numerically demonstrated a broadband tunable multilayer structure in a terahertz (THz) regime. The switchable functional characteristics of the absorber can be achieved by utilizing the phase transition property of vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

). When

V
O

2

is in the metallic state, the designed device behaves as a broadband absorber with an absorbance greater than 90% under normal incident from a 4.5 to 10 THz range. When

V
O

2

is in the insulating state, the absorption in this band is down to near 0%. Moreover, this high absorption band shows a good polarization insensitive property and can be maintained over a range of incident angles up to 45°. Our proposed device exhibits the merits of wideband reconfigure absorbance in THz, and the absorber can be easily fabricated without involving any lithographic process, both of which are very attractive to potential THz applications such as sensing, camouflaging, and modulation of THz waves.
Improving signal-to-background ratio by orders of magnitude in high-speed volumetric imaging in vivo by robust Fourier light field microscopy
Authors: Zhai Jiazhen , Shi Ruheng , Kong Lingjie 
Published: March 2022

Fourier light field microscopy (FLFM) shows great potential in high-speed volumetric imaging of biodynamics. However, due to the inherent disadvantage of wide-field illumination, it suffers from intense background, arising from out of the depth-of-field signal and tissue scattered noise. The background will not only deteriorate the image contrast, making quantitative measurement difficult, but also introduce artifacts, especially in functional imaging of the neuronal network activity in vivo. Here, we propose the robust Fourier light field microscopy (RFLFM), which suppresses the background in FLFM by introducing structured illumination and computational reconstruction based on HiLo. The superior performance of RFLFM is verified by volumetric imaging of biological dynamics in larval zebrafish and mouse in vivo, at a volumetric imaging rate up to 33.3 Hz. The statistical results show that the fluorescence background can be significantly depressed, with the signal-to-background ratio improved by orders of magnitude and the whole image contrast improved by as much as

∼
10.4

times. Moreover, we stress that, in functional imaging of neuronal network activity in turbid brain tissues, our system can avoid artifacts resulting from background fluctuations, while conventional light field microscopy fails. As a simple but powerful tool, we anticipate our technique to be widely adopted in robust, high-contrast, high-speed volumetric imaging.
Polarization microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging for quantitative characterization of deep biological tissue microstructures
Authors: Li Yujing , Zhang Shanxiang , Wu Linghua , Cheng Zhongwen , Zhang Zhenhui , Wang Haohao , Zhao Shuxiang , Ren Mingyang , Yang Sihua , Xing Da , Qin Huan 
Published: March 2022

Polarization optical imaging can be used to characterize anisotropy in biological tissue microstructures and has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for clinical diagnosis. However, the approach is limited by an inability to image targets deeper than

∼
1

mm

due to strong optical scattering in biological tissues. As such, we propose a novel polarization microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (P-MTAI) technique to noninvasively detect variations in deep tissue by exploiting the thermoacoustic signals induced by four pulsed microwaves of varying polarization orientations. The proposed P-MTAI method overcomes the penetration limits of conventional polarization optical imaging and provides submillimeter resolution over depths of several centimeters. As part of the paper, the structural characteristics of tissues were quantified using a new parameter, the degree of microwave absorption anisotropy. P-MTAI was also applied to the noninvasive detection of morphological changes in cardiomyocytes as they transitioned from ordered to disordered states, providing a potential indication of myocardial infarction.
Association between viral suppression during the third trimester of pregnancy and unintended pregnancy among women on antiretroviral therapy: Results from the 2019 antenatal HIV Sentinel Survey, South Africa
Authors: Woldesenbet Selamawit , Kufa Tendesayi , Manda Samuel , Ayalew Kassahun , Lombard Carl , Cheyip Mireille , Puren Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
About half of the pregnancies among women living with HIV (WLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan African countries are reported to be unintended. Unintended pregnancy is associated with late initiation of antenatal care (ANC), and may delay provision of viral load monitoring services, antenatal adherence counselling and support, and other services that promote sustained viral suppression throughout pregnancy. This study examines the association between unsuppressed viral load during the third trimester of pregnancy and unintended pregnancy among women who initiated ART before pregnancy.

Methods
This was an analysis of data from a national antenatal survey conducted at 1 589 public health facilities in South Africa between 1 October and 15 November 2019. Consenting pregnant women aged 15–49 years attending ANC during the survey period were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected through interview and medical record review. Pregnancy intention was assessed using two questions from the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy, and responses were categorized as “unintended,” “undecided,” and “intended.” Blood specimens were collected from all women and tested for HIV; and if positive, a viral load test was performed. A survey domain-based poisson regression model examined the association between unsuppressed viral load during the third trimester of pregnancy and unintended pregnancy among women who initiated ART before pregnancy. Viral suppression was defined as viral load <50 copies/mL.

Results
Of 10 901 WLWH with viral load data available, 63.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62.4%-64.1%) were virally suppressed. Among the 2 681 women (representing 24.1% of all WLWH with viral load data) who initiated ART before pregnancy and were in their third trimester at the time of enrolment, 74.4% (95% CI: 73.0%-75.8%) were virally suppressed. In the same population, the proportion virally suppressed was lower among women whose current pregnancies were unintended (72.1%, 95% CI: 70.1%-74.1%) compared to women whose pregnancies were intended (78.3%, 95% CI: 75.9%-80.5%). In multivariable analyses adjusted for age, gravity, marital status, education, location of facility and syphilis status, unintended pregnancy was associated with unsuppressed viral load during the third trimester (adjusted relative risk: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.4) among women who initiated ART before pregnancy.

Conclusion
The identified association between unsuppressed viral load and unintended pregnancy among pregnant women who initiated ART before pregnancy highlights the need to strengthen routine assessment of fertility preferences and provision of contraceptive services to reproductive age WLWH receiving ART.
Study of emitted gases from incinerator of Al-Sadr hospital in Najaf city
Authors: Mohsen Kizar AL Hasnawi Fatima , Suhad Abdulsattar AL Mahbobi , Layth Abdulrasool AL Asadi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Medical waste incinerator of Al-Sadar hospital in Najaf city is one of the environmental pollution sources in the city due to reasons related to the quantity and quality of gases emitted from it, so this study aims to estimate environmental damage by determining the concentrations of some of these emitted gases. The study is concerned with determining the concentrations of six gases over five months (November 2013–March 2014), these gases were oxygen (O2), silane (SiH4), hydrogen (H2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), in addition to studying some weather factors such as wind speed and temperature that affect on the concentrations of the gaseous pollutants. It is found that the study area suffers from pollution with SO2 gas, which is one of the main standard pollutants for assessing polluted areas, where the mean of gas concentration during the study period was 0.205 [ppm] and thus exceeded the permissible limits. Moreover, some of the studied gases (like NO2 and H2S) have concentration close to the upper limit of the standards, where NO2 gas concentration in December and January were 0.17 [ppm] and 0.2 [ppm], respectively, and H2S gas concentrations in February and March were 3.5 [ppm] and 4.4 [ppm], respectively, which poses a threat to public health and other elements of the environment, which confirms the existence of an air pollution problem that the study area and the nearby areas suffer from.
Machinability of alloy ductile iron and forged 16MnCr5 steel
Authors: Tanabi Hamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The remarkable mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) render ADI as an alternative material for forged steels. On the other hand, the high strength and hardness make the machining of ADI to be challenging. In this study, the ADI is presented as an alternative material to fabricate the ring gear of the two-wheel tractors. A series of experiments were designed to evaluate the machinability of the alloyed ductile iron before the austempering process. 16MnCr5 alloy steel and alloyed ductile specimens were subjected to drilling tests. The effect of drilling parameters on thrust force was investigated based on a design of experiments approach. A regression model was established to predict thrust force at various drilling conditions. Then, the machinability rating was defined as the ratio of the predicted thrust forces. The results showed that at lower feed rates, the thrust force is very close for both materials, such that the estimated machinability rating is 86%.
Effect of particles on tensile and bending properties of jute epoxy composites
Authors: Adin Hamit , Adin Mehmet Şükrü 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this investigation, mechanical properties of composite materials produced from woven jute type were investigated. These composites were produced in the form of epoxy adhesive layers by using hand lay-up method in which aluminum, mica and ceramic particles were added into epoxy as a structural adhesive by 2, 4 and 6 wt%. Samples produced according to ASTM D procedures were subjected to tensile and three point bending loads to examine the effect of the particles. Experimental results were presented in tables and graphs. As a result, it was observed that the tensile and bending failure loads of the composite materials obtained by using the particle reinforced adhesive increased. Also, the biggest rise in tensile strength was achieved with 4 wt% aluminum and the biggest increase in bending strength was observed for 2 wt% aluminum particles.
Multi-objective optimization of build orientation considering support structure volume and build time in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Günaydın Ahmet Can , Yıldız Ali Rıza , Kaya Necmettin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a production technology based on creating three-dimensional parts directly from computer-aided design data layer-by-layer. In recent years, it has been used in many industries with the production of functional, high-quality metallic parts with the powder bed fusion process by laser. The build orientation of the three-dimensional part has a major impact on many factors such as part quality, waste amount, production time, and cost. In this study, a multi-objective optimization is carried out using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II to simultaneously optimize different objectives that may conflict with each other, such as the amount of support structure and build time. Estimation methods are developed for computing the amount of support structure and the build time, which reflect the current state of the technology. With the developed method, build orientation is optimized for a complex part, and the wide range of alternative results are visualized and evaluated. The design for additive manufacturing knowledge required to correctly perform the build orientation process is eliminated by automating the pre-processing stage. Therefore, the contribution is made to the accessibility and sustainability of the PBF-L, which has high process costs by minimizing support structure volume and build time.
Exploration of the trait-activation model of pain catastrophizing in Native Americans: results from the Oklahoma Study of Native American pain risk (OK-SNAP)
Authors: Lannon Edward W. , Hellman Natalie , Huber Felicitas A. , Kuhn Bethany L. , Sturycz Cassandra A. , Palit Shreela , Payne Michael F. , Guereca Yvette M. , Toledo Tyler , Shadlow Joanna O. , Rhudy Jamie L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Native Americans (NAs) have the highest prevalence of chronic pain of any racial/ethnic group. This issue has received little attention from the scientific community. One factor that may contribute to racial pain disparities is pain catastrophizing. Pain catastrophizing is a construct related to negative pain outcomes in persons with/without chronic pain. It has been suggested that the relationship between trait catastrophizing and pain is mediated by situation-specific (state) catastrophizing. The present study has 2 aims: (1) to investigate whether state pain catastrophizing mediates the relationship between trait catastrophizing and experimental pain (e.g., cold, ischemic, heat and electric tolerance), and (2) to investigate whether this relationship is stronger for NAs.

Methods
145 non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and 137 NAs completed the study. Bootstrapped indirect effects were calculated for 4 unmoderated and 8 moderated mediation models (4 models with path a moderated and 4 with path b).

Results
Consistent with trait-activation theory, significant indirect effects indicated a tendency for trait catastrophizing to be associated with greater state catastrophizing which in turn is associated with reduced pain tolerance during tonic cold (a × b=−0.158) and ischemia stimuli (a × b=−0.126), but not during phasic electric and heat stimuli. Moderation was only noted for the prediction of cold tolerance (path a). Contrary to expectations, the indirect path was stronger for NHWs (a × b for NHW=−.142).

Conclusions
Together, these findings suggest that state catastrophizing mediates the relationship between trait catastrophizing and some measures of pain tolerance but this indirect effect was non-significant for NAs.
Training of Trainers Penulisan Artikel Web Desa Wisata Gerbosari, Samigaluh Kulon Progo
Authors: Amalia Nurisqi , Satrianto Elton Buyung 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari program pendampingan ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman masayarakat Desa Gerbo Sari, Samigaluh, Kulon Progo tentang, kaidah menulis karya ilmiah dan menulis artikel secara profesional. Metode kegiatan adalah dengan pendekatan secara klasikal dan individual. Pendekatan klasikal digunakan pada kegiatan penyampaian materi secara teoritik langkah-langkah menulis artikel. Pendekatan individual digunakan pada saat peserta pendampingan menulis artikel yakni dengan metode workshop. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan pelatihan pengelolaan artikel website Desa Gerbosari, Pokdarwis di Desa Gerbosari dapat mengelola dan mempraktikkan secara langsung pembuatan artikel di website Desa Gerbsari sesuai dengan pelatihan yang sudah diberikan. Pelatihan pengelolaan website ini sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat untuk mengoptimalkan promosi Desa Wisata Gerbosari secara online untuk mendukung misi Desa Gerbosari yaitu menuju Desa Gerbosari Sejahtera Mandiri melalui pengoptimalan promosi Desa Wisata Gerbosari