bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storage Lesions in Red Blood Cell-Saline Adenine Glucose Mannitol
Authors: Aggarwal Geet , Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Pabbi Swati , Bhardwaj Gunajn , Rawat Ganesh , Nandram  , Harith Arun Kumar , Vinayak Kamini 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:
Indian studies on evaluation of storage lesions in red blood cells (RBCs) are either limited to 21 or 28 days or have evaluated limited parameters for 42 days. Moreover, issue of transfusion of “fresh” versus “old” RBC is far from settled. The study serially assesses, up to 42 days, in vitro and in vivo RBC storage lesion parameters, including di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) leaching and its comparison with published literature.

Methods:
The study serially assessed in vitro RBC storage lesion parameters including potassium, lactate, glucose, pH, supernatant hemoglobin, percentage-hemolysis, and DEHP leaching of RBC unit during storage till 42 days. The study also evaluated in vivo recovery of potassium after transfusion of “older” RBC.

Results:
Serial monitoring of in vitro biochemical parameters showed increase in potassium, lactate, supernatant Hb, and hemolysis% and reduction in glucose and pH. DEHP content of the RBC bag was within no-observed adverse effect limit on days 42. Measurement of serum potassium after transfusion of “older” RBC unit revealed that levels of potassium were within normal limit in all four patients. Sterility testing done on days 42 was negative for all 24 bags.

Conclusion:
Development of storage lesions is inevitable. Appropriate storage limits the RBC lesions to within normal limits. The increase in potassium, lactate, or hemolysis consequent to aging of blood has little clinical significance in routine transfusion practice.
Rare Anti-Cw Antibody
Authors: Mangwana Sadhana , Gohel Dolly , Simon Nikhil 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Anti-Cw is a low-frequency antibody against Cw (Rh8) antigen, a low incidence antigen of the Rh system. Anti-Cw antibody may cause mild to moderate hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and mild to severe immediate or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR). The antigenic frequency of Cw in the Indian population is 1.25%. Two cases of Anti-Cw antibody are being reported which were detected during routine antibody screening, one an oncology patient and the other a healthy blood donor.

Case 1:
A 30-year-old male, known case of acute myeloid leukemia, with previous history of induction chemotherapy and blood transfusion was admitted for further management and chemotherapy. When three cell antibody screening was performed using an automated platform, the screen was positive with +2 reactions. Antibody identification using 14 cells suggested the presence of an Anti-Cw antibody. On further testing, the patient red blood cell (RBCs) were negative for Cw antigen.

Case 2:
A 20-year-old male, first-time, voluntary blood donor, with no history of blood transfusion donated whole blood. On performing three cell antibody screening using automated platform, screen was found to be positive with +3 reactions. Antibody identification performed using 14 cell panel suggested the presence of Anti-Cw antibody. On further testing, the donor RBCs were negative for Cw antigen.

Conclusion:
Antibody screening and identification is recommended in pretransfusion testing, especially in multi-transfused patients and patients belonging to the reproductive age group, so that antibody to low-frequency antigen can be detected and its potential to cause HTR and HDFN can be assessed.
Comparison of spinal anaesthesia with isobaric chloroprocaine and general anaesthesia for short duration ambulatory urological procedures
Authors: Ravi Siddarth , Krishna Handattu M. 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:
Chloroprocaine is a short-acting local anaesthetic agent for spinal anaesthesia (SA) that has been used in day care surgeries due to its faster recovery characteristics and faster discharge rates compared to other local anaesthetics. This study aimed at finding out its efficacy for the same as compared to general anaesthesia (GA).

Material and Methods:
This observational study was conducted on 60 patients belonging to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II who underwent short elective urological procedures (<60 min) under GA (group GA) as per standard of care in our hospital (n = 30) and SA (group SA) with 50 mg 1% isobaric 2-Chloroprocaine (n = 30). Time taken to meet the discharge criteria, modified Aldrete score and modified post anaesthesia discharge score in each group were noted. The cost of the anaesthetic procedure, anaesthetic procedural time, hemodynamics, supplemental analgesia, complications related to the procedure were noted and compared.

Results:
Patient characteristics and duration of surgery were comparable. Time taken by group SA was significantly higher than group GA to meet the discharge criteria. Cost of GA [2624.76 (166.16) units] was significantly more than SA [1561.63 (81.32) units, P < 0.05]. There was no requirement of supplemental analgesia in group SA and no hemodynamic instability or complications in either group.

Conclusion:
GA is significantly better as compared to SA with 50 mg 1% isobaric 2-Chloroprocaine as an anesthetic technique in day care urology surgeries in terms of faster recovery and faster discharge rate but is costlier.
Evaluation of a new laryngoscope blade (Manipal throat packing blade) for throat pack insertion
Authors: Muralikrishna D , Nileshwar Anitha , Budania Lokvendra 
Published: April 2022

Background and aims:
Insertion of a throat pack using a Macintosh laryngoscope after placing an oral Ring, Adair and Elwyn (RAE) tube fixed to the lower lip in the midline invariably results in the lateral movement of the tongue or the tube requiring repositioning. The aim was to design a laryngoscope blade that would produce minimal movement of the endotracheal tube or the tongue during the insertion of throat pack and compare it with the Macintosh laryngoscope blade.

Material and Methods:
A laryngoscope blade similar to the Doughty’s blade of Boyle Davis mouth gag with a groove in the center of the blade was initially designed. This was made of polyvinyl chloride to enable 3-D printing. Specifications given were modified after trial and error including addition of a flange. A bench study was then done to compare the Macintosh blade with the Manipal blade with and without flange. Forty anesthesia postgraduates and staff familiar with airway management inserted throat pack with each blade in random order in a manikin already intubated with an oral RAE tube and their impressions were noted.

Results:
The RAE tube remained in the midline after throat packing in 97.5 and 95% with Manipal blade with and without flange as compared to 52.5% with Macintosh blade. Ease of use was affected by the lack of sturdiness of the new blades. The light was good. Most people found both blades better or the same as the Macintosh blade.

Conclusion:
The Manipal laryngoscope blade with and without flange are both associated with the minimal lateral movement of the endotracheal tube and are easy to use. Their sturdiness must be improved.
Platelet Activation in Ocular Behçet’s Patients with Posterior Segment Involvement
Authors: Citirik Mehmet , Ozdal Pinar C. , Keles Ali , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim C. 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:
The aim of the present study was to assess platelet activation by analyzing three platelet activation parameters in ocular Behçet's disease (BD): mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT).

METHODS:
Twenty-nine patients with active ocular BD (Group 1), 40 patients with inactive ocular BD (Group 2), and 40 healthy adult individuals serving as controls (Group 3) were evaluated. All of the individuals had been performed the complete ophthalmologic evaluation. The levels of MPV, PDW, and PCT were measured in each group.

RESULTS:
The mean MPV level was 8.40 ± 0.97 in Group 1, 8.32 ± 1.04 in Group 2, and 7.77 ± 0.72 in Group 3. The mean PDW level was 15.12 ± 1.09 in Group 1, 14.97 ± 1.02 in Group 2, and 14.52 ± 0.82 in Group 3. The mean PCT level was 0.23 ± 0.07 in Group 1, 0.21 ± 0.04 in Group 2, and 0.18 ± 0.03 in Group 3. MPV, PDW, and PCT levels were significantly higher in ocular BD patients than controls (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Platelet activation may affect vascular occlusion in ocular Behçet's patients with posterior segment involvement. This result may be important in evaluating ocular BD patients.
Retinoblastoma in Calabar Nigeria
Authors: Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Agbor Iwassam Elemi , Okonkwo Sunday Nnamdi , Fabian Ido Didi , Esu Ekpereonne Babatunde , Nkanga Dennis George , Odey Friday Akwagiobe , Okoi-Obuli Jacintha Banku 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Retinoblastoma, although rare, is the most frequently occurring primary intraocular tumor of childhood. While a cure is often achieved where appropriate treatment is instituted early in the disease, late presentation often leads to unsuccessful treatment interventions.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to provide baseline information on the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma as seen in a tertiary pediatric eye care facility in Calabar, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of case files of children presenting to the Calabar Children's Eye Center (CCEC) with retinoblastoma over 18 months from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 was done.

Results:
Data were collected from 39 children with retinoblastoma who met the inclusion criteria. There were 22 (56.4%) males and 17 (43.6%) females, and the age range was 7–41 months, with a mean age of 25.6 (±9.0) months. Unilateral disease was seen in 27 (69.2%) participants, whereas 12 (30.8%) had bilateral disease. Although multiple symptoms were seen in many participants protrusion of eye was the most frequently occurring first symptom, (17, 44.0%) followed by red eye (13, 33.0%), whitespot in eye (5, 13.0%), and abnormal alignment (4, 10.0%) among study participants. The lag time from recognition of symptoms to initial consultation ranged from 1 to 25 months, with a mean lag time of 9.13 ± 5.68 months. The ICRB classification system was most frequently used, 27 (69.2%), followed by cTNMH 11 (28.2%), and International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification 1 (2.6%). The International Retinoblastoma Staging System was representative. Of the 78 eyes studied, (51, 65.3%) had different stages of retinoblastoma with the majority presenting as advanced retinoblastoma (46, 90.2%).

Conclusions:
Retinoblastoma is seen at the CCEC. Although the most frequent symptom was protrusion of eye, the lag time was often several months long. Most patients presented late with advanced ocular retinoblastoma and or extraocular disease.
ЁШЛАР ОНГИДА КИТОБ ОРҚАЛИ УМУМИНСОНИЙ ҚАДРИЯТЛАР ВА ЭСТЕТИК ТАФАККУРНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШ
Authors: Илёсов Фаррух 
Published: April 2022

Ушбу мақолада ёшлар онгида умумбашарий қадриятларни шакллантириш соғлом, баркамол, эстетик тарбияда бадиий адабиёт, китобнинг ўрни жалб этиш пировард мақсад этиб белгиланган. Айниқса ёшлар онги, маданияти, тафаккурини китобга бўлган меҳр ўзгариши тарбия этиши мумкинлиги келтирилган.
LA TRADUCTION EN LIGNE COMME UN DOMAINE REPONDU
Authors: Sadikova Charifa 
Published: April 2022

Cet article traite de la traduction audiovisuelle et de ses types, ainsi que de ses caractères. Le développement des traductions en ligne en ce moment. Cet article présente également plusieurs sources de traductions en ligne. À la fin de cet article, une conclusion générale est faite sur les traducteurs en ligne
ФРАНЦУЗ ТИЛИ ГРАММАТИКАСИНИ ЎҚИТИШДА МАШҚЛАРНИНГ РОЛИ ВА АҲАМИЯТИ
Authors: Ф.Н.Акромова  
Published: April 2022

Mazkur maqolada чет тилини ўрганишда машқларнинг роли, уларнинг услубчилар томонидан турларга булиниши хамда машқларни бажариш методик кетма-кетлиги хақида суз юритилади. Маълумки, амаллар нутқ фаолиятини ҳосил қилувчи ёки идрок қилинишини таъминловчи воситалардир. Грамматик кўникманинг ҳуқуқий малакага тўла «сингиб кетиши» малака даражасида, одатда, эътибор нутқнинг мазмунига қаратилади, тил материали, жумладан, грамматика ҳақида сўз юритилганда эса тақдимот ва машқ қилиш давридаги фаолият турлари назарда тутилганлиги ёритилган.
Comparison of Partial Least Squares Regression and Principal Component Regression for Overcoming Multicollinearity in Human Development Index Model
Authors: Samosir Ravika Dewi , Salaki Deiby Tineke , Langi Yohanes 
Published: April 2022

One of the assumptions in ordinary least squares (OLS) in estimating regression parameter is lack of multicollinearity. If the multicollinearity exists, Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) can be used as alternative approaches to solve the problem. This research intends to compare those methods in modeling factors that influence the Human Development Index (HDI) of North Sumatra Province in 2019 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The result indicates that the PLS outperforms the PCR in term ofÂ the coefficient of determination and squared error
Analisis Studi Kelayakan Bisnis terhadap Usaha Kerupuk Sari Rasa di Desa Deli Serdang Ditinjau Dari Aspek Produksi, Aspek Pemasaran dan Aspek Keuangan
Authors: Puspita Dara , Ervina Nadya , Matwar Habib 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the feasibility of the business of flavored crackers to entermine the feasibility of the non-financial aspects and the feasibility of the financial aspects. Feasibility analysis uses analysis of non-financial aspects, namely aspects of productions and marketing aspects. Meanwhile, the analytical tool used for the financial aspect is Payback Period (PP) , Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI) analysis to determine whether a business is feasible or not. The results showed that the flavored cracker business and business production aspects were deemed feasible,because the business location was strategic and easily accessible to consumers, the technology used was alsomodern,the production process also easy. Aspects of proper marketing, with high quality products due to imported raw materials, the price is also affordable. So that all people can buy it, the distribution is also quite wide, and the promotion given by the owner also makes consumers aware of the products they sell.
Keywords: Business feasibility studies, production aspects, marketing aspects, legal aspects.
La victimización de niños/as y adolescentes en México. Conocimiento actual y retos futuros
Authors: Frías Martínez Sonia 
Published: April 2022

Este estudio conceptualiza la victimización de niños/as y adolescentes (VdNyAs) de forma comprehensiva, incluyendo crimen convencional, maltrato infantil, victimización de pares y hermanos/as, atestiguar victimización y victimización indirecta, violencia en la escuela y amenazas, cyber-violencia y victimización. Centrándose en México se evalúa si las encuestas probabilísticas recientes permiten la medición comprehensiva de victimización y se examina la magnitud del fenómeno entre jóvenes. Existe una brecha entre las definiciones conceptuales e instrumentales de violencia y victimización. El conocimiento actual enfatiza el maltrato parental y el abuso. La victimización de menores de 12 años no tiende a estar incluida en las encuestas. Las fuentes de datos existentes no permiten establecer la verdadera magnitud de la VdNyAs mexicanos. Se discuten los hallazgos y las implicaciones de políticas públicas.
Sobre el martirio: revisión teológico-política de una paradójica esperanza en Nuestra América
Authors: Achondo Pedro Pablo , Zuchel Lorena 
Published: April 2022

El siguiente texto pretende, al menos, tres cosas: mostrar la importancia del martirio para nuestros días desde una mirada teológico-política; rememorar a algunos mártires que siguen siendo testimonio de luchas en contra de la desigualdad e injusticia estructural; y nombrar nuevas formas de sufrimiento latentes hoy en Nuestra América. Por estas razones es que el texto que presentamos busca reivindicar, a partir de un estudio bibliográfico y desde las experiencias y reflexión de los autores en comunidades, la profundidad y densidad del concepto de martirio presente en nuestro lenguaje y no pocas veces banalizado en su uso, recuperando su sentido, historia y nombres de quienes hoy, todavía, se constituyen en una esperanza para los pueblos latinoamericanos.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 77, No. 768, 2022: 127-138.
Hepatitis b y c en personas con vih del instituto para el desarrollo humano
Authors: Garay Quiroga Jhemel , Valdez Carrizo Edgar 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La coinfección del VIH con la hepatitis B o C es causa de patología hepática crónica, con diversas seroprevalencias en diferentes regiones del mundo.
Objetivo: Conocer la seroprevalencia de hepatitis B y C en personas con VIH que acuden a consulta en el Instituto para el Desarrollo Humano, Cochabamba-Bolivia, gestión 2017-2018.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo-transversal, cuantitativo, no experimental.Se analizaron los resultados serológicos de los marcadores: Antígeno de superficie del virus hepatitis B, anticuer- po anti-core del virus de hepatitis B, anticuerpo contra el virus hepatitis C; historial de vacuna para hepatitis B y esquema de tratamiento antirretroviral, de 195 personas con VIH en el Instituto para el Desarrollo Humano, se realizó análisis bivariado para la obtención de datos. Resultados: La seroprevalencia obtenida para hepatitis B es de 7,7% y hepatitis C de 0,5%; la coinfección entre VIH y hepatitis B es de 80% con esquema antirretroviral tenofovir/lamivudina. El grupo poblacional homosexual tiene un riesgo de 5,5 veces más de tener la co-infección de VIH y hepatitis B con un valor de p de 0,006; con relación a la inmunización para hepatitis B solo el 9,2% de los pacientes cuentan con el esquema completo.
Conclusión: Es imperativo ofertar las pruebas para hepatitis B y C a todas las personas con VIH; haciendo énfasis en los grupos más vulnerables (homosexuales); es importante el abastecimiento de dosis para la inmunización completa contra la hepatitis B en todos los servicios de salud públicos del país.
III. AHMED DÖNEMİNDE PARANIN DURUMU
Authors: DANIK Sevda 
Published: April 2022

1699 Karlofça Antlaşması’ndan sonra sosyal ve ekonomik hayatta başlayan gelişmeler III. Ahmed döneminde de devam etmiştir. Bu dönemde Osmanlı Devleti batı tarzında yenilikler yapmaya başlamış; batı ile siyasi, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik ilişkiler geliştirilmiş, yeni bir hayat tarzı ortaya çıkmıştır. Yeni köşkler ve kasırlar inşa edilmiş, mimaride Avrupa tesiri görülmeye başlamıştır. Matbaa açılmış, önemli eserler Türkçeye çevrilmiş, tersane ıslah edilmiş, tulumbacı ocağı kurulmuş ve tıp alanında gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Büyük şehirlerde sanayi imalatı genişlemiş, yeni faaliyet dalları ortaya çıkmış; başta dokuma sanayi olmak üzere, zirai üretim ve ihracat artmıştır.
Siyasi, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik alandaki bu gelişmelere, paradaki gelişmeleri de eklemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada III. Ahmed dönemi para yönünden incelenmiş; para konusunda yapılan düzenlemeler ve yaşanan gelişmeler, tedavülde yaygın olarak bulunan paralar, Mısır Darphanesi ve ayarı düşük para darbı, altın ve gümüşün dışarıya kaçırılması, kalpazanlık olayları, paraların rayiçleri ve sikke tashihleri konularına değinilmiştir.
Documentary-based climate reconstructions in the Czech Lands 1501–2020 CE and their European context
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Dobrovolný Petr , Mikšovský Jiří , Pišoft Petr , Trnka Miroslav , Možný Martin , Balek Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Annual and seasonal temperature, precipitation, and
drought index (SPI – standard precipitation index, SPEI – standard
precipitation evapotranspiration index, Z index, PDSI – Palmer Drought
Severity Index) series covering the Czech Lands territory (now the Czech
Republic) over 520 years (1501–2020 CE) reconstructed from documentary data
combined with instrumental observations were analysed herein. The
temperature series exhibits a statistically significant increasing trend,
rising from ∼ 1890 and particularly from the 1970s; 1991–2020
represents the warmest and driest 30-year period since 1501 CE. While the
long-term precipitation total fluctuations (and derived SPI fluctuations)
remain relatively stable with annual and decadal variabilities, past
temperature increases are the key factor affecting recent increasing dryness
in the SPEI, Z index, and PDSI series. The seasonal temperature series
represent a broad European area, while the seasonal precipitation series
show lower spatial correlations. A statistical attribution analysis
conducted utilizing regression and wavelet techniques confirmed the
influence of covariates related to volcanic activity (prompting temporary
temperature decreases, especially during summer) and the North Atlantic
Oscillation (influential in all seasons except summer) in the Czech climate
reconstructions. Furthermore, components tied to multidecadal variabilities
in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific were identified in the
temperature and precipitation series and in the drought indices, revealing
notable shared oscillations, particularly at periods of approximately
70–100 years.
The Bootsrap Useful for Accounting Researchers?
Authors: Brabazon Tony 
Published: April 2022

Over the past 15 years, there has been tremendous interest in the area of computer-intensive statistical methods. One specific technique whose use has become increasingly widespread is the “bootstrap”. Using the computational power of computers, it is possible to obtain estimates of standard error and bias and to construct confidence intervals for estimators without having to make assumptions about the sample distribution of the estimator. To date, little use of the bootstrap has been made in accounting research primarily because few accounting researchers were aware of its existence. This article provides an intuitive overview of the bootstrap, demonstrates the technique using three examples and provides information regarding the software which is available to implement bootstrapping techniques.
The Impact of Undergraduate Auditing Modules on the Audit Expectations Gap
Authors: Pierce Bernard , Kilcommins Mary 
Published: April 2022

Conflicting views have been expressed regarding the role of auditing education in narrowing the audit expectations gap. This study investigated whether there is evidence that undergraduate auditing modules contribute to a narrowing of that part of the expectations gap which results from a misunderstanding ofaudit regulations. Results indicated a significant reduction (at the .05 level) in all elements of the misunderstanding gap for those groups who had studied either a module or a course in auditing but not for other groups. Additional analyses investigated specific elements of the misunderstanding gap. Implications for the profession, education and research are discussed.
Some Determinants of Student Performance in University Accounting Examinations
Authors: Clarke Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

This paper is concerned with one aspect of the efficiency of accounting education, that is the pass/fail performance of students at examinations. The paper initially looks at the two main elements of the admissions policy into Irish universities, namely the CAO preferences and CAO points. In addition, the impact of prior study of accounting on examination performance is investigated. The results of this study indicate that prior exposure to accounting (categorised between Leaving Certificate, Intermediate Certificate and none at all) was the most significant determinant of performance in first year exams but was of lesser importance in the second year exams.Also, there was a very strong relationship between performance in the mid-course MCQ exam and Summer exams in first year. Overall CAO points were related to overall score but not to pass/fail classification. However, there may be other important (but overlooked) variables which could be used to explain performance. There are a number of important implications arising from this study for overall admissions policy for Business Studies programmes and the allocation of teaching resources.