bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Support for Nuclear Proliferation: Experimental Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Spektor Matias , Fasolin Guilherme N , Camargo Juliana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
How do mass publics in nonnuclear weapon states form their preferences over the acquisition of nuclear weapons? We field a survey experiment in Brazil, a possessor of uranium-enrichment capabilities with a long history of nuclear ambitions. Three sets of results support the view that members of the public approach nuclear proliferation strategically, that is, by taking into account how their home state interacts with enemies and allies alike. First, the external security environment is a major driver for individual-level preferences: when security is plentiful, only a small minority of the public in Brazil supports proliferation, but a deterioration of external conditions engenders a high minority in support for nuclear-weapon acquisition. Second, the mere extension by the United States of conventional security assurances suffices to dampen public support for an indigenous nuclear deterrent, restoring a majority view opposing proliferation. Third, conventional security assurances shape public sentiment on nuclear acquisition irrespective of whether they are credible or not. These results contribute to the effort currently unfolding in the scholarly community to make sense of how citizens outside the United States think about international security in a nuclear world.
Scarcity and the Mindsets of Social Welfare Recipients: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Madsen Jonas Krogh , Baekgaard Martin , Kvist Jon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Financial scarcity is a fundamental condition for recipients of social welfare. We draw on scarcity theory to suggest that the condition of scarce resources may have a range of important psychological consequences for how welfare recipients’ cope with their problems, navigate citizen–state interactions, for their perceived ability to deal with their problems, and for their psychological well-being. In a field experiment using Danish unemployed social assistance recipients (N = 2,637), we test the psychological consequences of scarcity by randomly assigning recipients to be surveyed either shortly before payment of their social assistance benefits, shortly after, or mid-month. We find no impact of the scarcity manipulation and thus our main findings run counter to the idea that short-term changes in scarce financial conditions influence the mindsets of social welfare recipients. However, a series of exploratory cross-sectional regressions show that subjective scarcity, that is “the feeling of having too little”, is associated with an increased focus on solving problems, but negatively associated with psychological well-being, sense of mastery, and job search self-efficacy. We conclude that these correlates may reflect more long-term consequences of scarcity but that more and stronger causal evidence is needed given the cross-sectional nature of these data.
Extreme TeV BL Lacs: a self-consistent stochastic acceleration model
Authors: Sciaccaluga Alberto , Tavecchio Fabrizio 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Lately, a specific kind of blazars drew the attention of the gamma-ray astronomy community: the extreme TeV BL Lacs, blazars that present an extremely energetic and hard emission at very high-energy. Explaining their features is still an open challenge, in fact the most used phenomenological models have difficulties to satisfactorily reproduce their spectral energy distribution. Based on a scenario we have recently proposed, we suppose that the non-thermal particles are first accelerated by a jet recollimation shock, which induces turbulence in the rest of the jet. Non-thermal particles are further accelerated by the turbulence, which hardens the particle spectra and accordingly the radiative emission. Given the physical properties of the plasma, as inferred by emission models, we expect a strong impact of the accelerating particles on the turbulence. Assuming isotropy and homogeneity, the interaction between non-thermal particles and turbulence and their spectra is modelled solving a system of two non-linear, coupled Fokker–Planck equations, while the radiative emission is calculated through the Synchrotron Self Compton model. The emission predicted by our model is then compared with the prototype extreme TeV BL Lac object 1ES 0229+200 and the parameters obtained to reproduce its SED are in line with the expectations.
Deep diving off the ‘Cosmic Cliffs’: previously hidden outflows in NGC 3324 revealed by JWST
Authors: Reiter Megan , Morse Jon A , Smith Nathan , Haworth Thomas J , Kuhn Michael A , Klaassen Pamela D 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of the protostellar outflow activity in the massive star-forming region NGC 3324, as revealed by new Early Release Observations (EROs) from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Emission from numerous outflows is revealed in narrow-band images of hydrogen Paschen α (Paα) and molecular hydrogen. In particular, we report the discovery of 24 previously unknown outflows based on their H2 emission. We find three candidate driving sources for these H2 flows in published catalogues of young stellar objects (YSOs), and we identify 15 infrared point sources in the new JWST images as potential driving protostars. We also identify several Herbig–Haro (HH) objects in Paα images from JWST; most are confirmed as jets based on their proper motions measured in a comparison with previous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Hα images. This confirmed all previous HST-identified HH jets and candidate jets, and revealed seven new HH objects. The unprecedented capabilities of JWST allow the direct comparison of atomic and molecular outflow components at comparable angular resolution. Future observations will allow quantitative analysis of the excitation, mass-loss rates, and velocities of these new flows. As a relatively modest region of massive star formation (larger than Orion but smaller than starburst clusters), NGC 3324 offers a preview of what star formation studies with JWST may provide.
Demographics of z ∼ 6 quasars in the black hole mass–luminosity plane
Authors: Wu Jin , Shen Yue , Jiang Linhua , Bañados Eduardo , Fan Xiaohui , Ho Luis C , Vestergaard Marianne , Wang Feige , Wang Shu , Wu Xue-Bing , Yang Jinyi 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the demographics of z ∼ 6 broad-line quasars in the black hole (BH) mass–luminosity plane using a sample of more than 100 quasars at 5.7 &lt; z &lt; 6.5. These quasars have well-quantified selection functions and nearly one-third of them also have virial BH masses estimated from near-IR spectroscopy. We use forward modelling of parametrized intrinsic distributions of BH masses and Eddington ratios, and account for the sample flux limits and measurement uncertainties of the BH masses and luminosities. We find significant differences between the intrinsic and observed distributions of the quantities due to measurement uncertainties and sample flux limits. There is also marginal evidence that the virial BH masses are susceptible to a positive luminosity-dependent bias (BH mass is overestimated when luminosity is above the average), and that the mean Eddington ratio increases with BH mass. Our models provide reliable constraints on the z ∼ 6 BH mass function at $M_{\rm BH}\gt 10^{8.5}\, M_\odot$, with a median 1σ uncertainty of ∼0.5 dex in abundance. The intrinsic Eddington ratio distribution of $M_{\rm BH}\gt 10^{8.5}\, M_\odot$ quasars can be approximated by a mass-dependent Schechter model, with a broad peak around log (Lbol/LEdd) ∼ −0.9. We also find that, at 4.5 ≲ z ≲ 6, the number densities of more massive BHs tend to decline more rapidly with increasing redshift, contrary to the trend at 2.5 ≲ z ≲ 4.5 reported previously.
Hylobates moloch(Primates: Hylobatidae)
Authors: Caspar Kai R , Yi Yoonjung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797), the Javan or silvery gibbon, is a pair-living small ape which is exclusively found in the western and central regions of the Indonesian island of Java. It represents the southernmost occurring species of the genus Hylobates and inhabits the canopy of tropical rainforests. It is foremost characterized by its long silvery-gray fur in combination with a lack of duet songs in mated pairs. Hylobates moloch is threatened by habitat loss as well as the illegal wildlife trade and is listed as “Endangered” (EN) by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
A Phase I, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Single Dose-escalation Study to Evaluate the Tolerability, and Safety of Cytisinicline in Adult Smokers
Authors: Jacobs Cindy , Fonseca Marlene , Rigotti Nancy A , Benowitz Neal , Clarke Anthony , Cain Dan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionCytisinicline is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist marketed historically as oral tablets in Central and Eastern Europe as an aid to smoking cessation. Dosing and scheduled regimen for cytisinicline treatment is currently being redeveloped for market approval in the United States and elsewhere.Aims and MethodsA phase 1, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose clinical trial was conducted under fasting conditions in healthy adults who were current daily (&gt;10 cigarettes) smokers. Safety parameters for the identification of a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and limited supportive pharmacokinetic assessments were evaluated. Ascending single oral doses of cytisinicline or placebo were administered to 9 cohorts, each comprised of eight unique participants (randomization: 6 cytisinicline; 2 placebo). Dose escalation to the next cohort was dependent upon the safety review of preceding cohorts. Dose levels tested were 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 mg. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and clinically relevant changes in laboratory blood tests, vital signs, and 12-lead electrocardiograms were evaluated.ResultsSeventy-two participants completed the study (54 cytisinicline; 18 placebo). Nausea was the most common TEAE (10 participants [19%]). The MTD was defined as cytisinicline 30 mg based on gastrointestinal symptoms, predominantly vomiting (2 of 6 subjects, 33%). Maximum plasma concentration (observed Cmax) values appeared to plateau at higher dose levels (beyond 24 mg).ConclusionsSingle cytisinicline doses up to 30 mg were well tolerated and raised no new safety concerns in fasting adult smokers. An increased frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms defined the MTD at 30 mg.ImplicationsThe cytisinicline therapeutic dose being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials is 3 mg, which is a 10-fold lower dose than the 30 mg MTD level for cytisinicline, resulting in an excellent safety margin.
Religious Life in African Societies
Authors: Manglos-Weber Nicolette D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Just as European colonizers drew up arbitrary state borders in the “scramble for Africa” of the late 19th century, so have external authorities often imposed religious categories on African societies. Yet today, practicing and observing religion in the region is as much about challenging such distinctions as upholding them. African religious life is dynamic and pluralist, integrating three major currents of faith—Christianity, Islam, and African Indigenous traditions—and a diversity of subgroups and alternative or interstitial communities. It encompasses varied facets of practice, authority, identity, and place, and it demonstrates an ambivalent and contradictory relationship to modern nation-state politics. This chapter addresses these characteristics in turn, balancing broad themes and local particulars. It calls for paying closer attention to religion in African societies to better understand the significance of global religion, especially as it relates to the legacies of global imperialism and the challenges of religious pluralism.
Large-scale outflow structure and radiation properties of super-Eddington flow: Dependence on the accretion rates
Authors: Yoshioka Shogo , Mineshige Shin , Ohsuga Ken , Kawashima Tomohisa , Kitaki Takaaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to evaluate the impacts made by super-Eddington accretors on their environments precisely, it is essential to guarantee a large enough simulation box and long computational time to avoid any artefacts from numerical settings as much as possible. In this paper, we carry out axisymmetric two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations around a 10 M⊙ black hole in large simulation boxes and study the large-scale outflow structure and radiation properties of super-Eddington accretion flow for a variety of black hole accretion rates, ${\dot{M}}_{\,\,\rm BH} = (110\!-\!380)L_{\rm Edd}/c^{\,\,2}$ (with LEdd being the Eddington luminosity and c being the speed of light). The Keplerian radius of the inflow material, at which centrifugal force balances with gravitational force, is fixed to 2430 Schwarzschild radii. We find that the mechanical luminosity grows more rapidly than the radiation luminosity with an increase of ${\dot{M}}_{\,\,\rm BH}$. When seen from a nearly face-on direction, especially, the isotropic mechanical luminosity grows in proportion to ${\dot{M}}_{\,\,\rm BH}^{\,\,2.7}$, while the total mechanical luminosity is proportional to ${\dot{M}}_{\,\,\rm BH}^{\,\,1.7}$. The reason for the former is that the higher ${\dot{M}}_{\,\,\rm BH}$ is, the more vertically inflated the disk surface becomes, which makes radiation fields more confined in the region around the rotation axis, thereby strongly accelerating outflowing gas. The outflow is classified into pure outflow and failed outflow, depending on whether the outflowing gas can reach the outer boundary of the simulation box or not. The fraction of the failed outflow decreases with a decrease of ${\dot{M}}_{\,\,\rm BH}$. We analyze physical quantities along each outflow trajectory, finding that the Bernoulli parameter (Be) is not a good indicator to discriminate between pure and failed outflows, since it is never constant because of continuous acceleration by radiation-pressure force. Pure outflow can arise, even if Be &lt; 0 at the launching point.
Ambiguity among Partners: Understanding Power and Perception Under Conditions of Mutuality
Authors: Isett Kimberley R , Bryan Tara K , St. Clair-Sims Rebekah L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Power is a construct that is relevant anytime two actors come together. Typically power examinations have been focused on assessments among actors with asymmetrical power profiles. We argue existing characterizations of power are insufficient to understand perceptions of relationship quality when partners have a more balanced power profile. This is the case with an important class of partnerships—those between governments and philanthropic Foundations. We assessed power mutuality and its effects on relationship quality with a mixed methods approach, relying heavily on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis techniques and interview data. Our findings point to new insights into those power relationships typically examined in the extant literature, those with asymmetry, as well as under condition of mutuality. With regard to asymmetrical power, we point to needed investigation into the role of intangible resources, such as knowledge and legitimacy, to achieve goals, rather than the predominant focus on financial and other tangible resources. With regard to conditions of mutuality, we illustrate that mutuality yields relational ambiguity in the relationship and results in partner tension. Furthermore, our study finds that under conditions of mutuality, resource contributions from the benefactor need to address instrumental organizational needs, not just needs that contribute to mission outcomes.
Potential welfare impacts from the continued spread of wild pigs
Authors: Holderieath Jason J , Crosby Michael K , McConnell T Eric 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWild pigs are spreading across the United States leaving potentially devastating crop losses in their wake. The majority of US corn, soybean, and wheat (approximately 85, 79, and 73%, respectively) and 6% of rice production are at risk in counties that do not currently have wild pigs. This work integrates the probability of a wild pig invasion to predict the welfare effects and price changes due to wild pigs spreading by using four predictive models linked to an equilibrium displacement model. Results show a decrease in total economic well-being of between approximately 54 and 350 million USD per year is possible. However, the outcomes for individual producers are overlooked. Some producers are much worse off, while others are slightly better off. This result demonstrates the importance of local-level analysis, as not all producers are affected the same way, and that distribution should be addressed in future work.
Understanding the Consequences of Moment-by-Moment Fluctuations in Mood and Social Experience for Paranoid Ideation in Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Orth Ryan D , Hur Juyoen , Jacome Anyela M , Savage Christina L G , Grogans Shannon E , Kim Young-Ho , Choe Eun Kyoung , Shackman Alexander J , Blanchard Jack J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Among individuals with psychotic disorders, paranoid ideation is common and associated with increased impairment, decreased quality of life, and a more pessimistic prognosis. Although accumulating research indicates negative affect is a key precipitant of paranoid ideation, the possible protective role of positive affect has not been examined. Further, despite the interpersonal nature of paranoid ideation, there are limited and inconsistent findings regarding how social context, perceptions, and motivation influence paranoid ideation in real-world contexts. In this pilot study, we used smartphone ecological momentary assessment to understand the relevance of hour-by-hour fluctuations in mood and social experience for paranoid ideation in adults with psychotic disorders. Multilevel modeling results indicated that greater negative affect is associated with higher concurrent levels of paranoid ideation and that it is marginally related to elevated levels of future paranoid ideation. In contrast, positive affect was unrelated to momentary experiences of paranoid ideation. More severe momentary paranoid ideation was also associated with an elevated desire to withdraw from social encounters, irrespective of when with familiar or unfamiliar others. These observations underscore the role of negative affect in promoting paranoid ideation and highlight the contribution of paranoid ideation to the motivation to socially withdraw in psychotic disorders.
Estrogen‐responsive cancer‐associated fibroblasts promote invasive property of gastric cancer in a paracrine manner via CD147 production
Authors: Bae Won Jung , Kim Seokhwi , Ahn Ji Mi , Han Jae Ho , Lee Dakeun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstrogen signaling has been extensively studied, especially in cancers that express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). However, little is known regarding the effect of estrogen on cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Here, we explored the role of estrogen signaling of CAFs in gastric cancer (GC) progression. We investigated the phenotypic changes in CAFs upon 17β‐estradiol (E2) treatment using ERα‐negative/positive CAFs, and the conditioned media (CM) collected from these were compared with regard to cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. A paracrine factor was found using a cytokine array and was confirmed using qRT‐PCR, western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. ERα‐CD147‐matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) axis was confirmed by knockdown experiments using specific siRNAs. We found that a subset of CAFs expressed ERα. ERα‐positive CAFs were responsive to E2, inducing ERα expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Although E2 did not induce the proliferation of ERα‐positive CAFs, the CM from E2‐bound ERα‐positive CAFs significantly promoted cancer cell migration and invasion. Cytokine array revealed that CD147 was induced in ERα‐positive CAFs upon E2 treatment; this was mediated via ERα. Increased CD147 upregulated MMP2 and MMP9 in CAFs, and also influenced cancer cells in a paracrine manner to increase MMPs and CD147 in cancer cells. High CD147 expression in tumor tissue was associated with a worse prognosis in GC patients. Our data suggest that estrogen signaling activation in CAFs and the byproduct CD147 are among the critical mediators between the interplay of CAFs and cancer cells to facilitate cancer progression.
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia Masquerading as a Well-Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated With Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: LaTour Donn , Lee Michael P. , Gardner Jeffrey T. , Dao Harry , Kerstetter Justin , Elsensohn Ashley 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) is a reactive proliferation of the epidermis associated with CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. In this article, we report the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a 10-year history of a solitary erythematous patch on the right thigh that progressed to an ulcerated, crusted plaque. Histologic examination revealed an infiltrate of atypical CD30+ lymphocytes consistent with primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with overlying well differentiated keratinocyte hyperplasia akin to a well-differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma. This case demonstrates the phenomenon of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia mimicking features of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. It highlights the necessity of careful clinical correlation when diagnosing squamous cell carcinomas in younger patients on non–sun-exposed areas and the exclusion of accompanying known causes of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia.
Practice Patterns and Clinician Opinions for Treatment of Ocular Rosacea
Authors: Kaur Gurbani , Redd Travis K. , Seitzman Gerami D. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Management of ocular rosacea is challenged by the limited evidence-based systemic treatment guidelines and lack of elucidated mechanisms of treatment efficacy.

Methods:
We conducted an online survey of clinicians who regularly treat ocular rosacea to elicit their opinions on treatment algorithms and understanding of the treatment's primary mechanism of action. Descriptive statistics and univariate comparisons were reported.

Results:
One hundred thirty-two participants completed the online survey. Of the 132 respondents, 74% were cornea specialists. Most respondents (85%) favored systemic tetracyclines over macrolides. Providers' specialty training did not significantly influence preference between tetracyclines and macrolides for ocular rosacea management. Among tetracycline prescribers, there was no consensus regarding initial dosage and duration prescribing patterns. Most macrolide prescribers (88%) initiated a 3-week course of 1 gram of azithromycin weekly. Long-term management strategy for treatment-responsive patients varied: 46% preferred to half the initial dose, 29% discontinued pharmacotherapy, and 16% chronically pulse-dosed patients. Most tetracycline prescribers (90%) and macrolide prescribers (73%) postulate their chosen agents' primary mechanism of effect for ocular rosacea is anti-inflammatory. However, there was no consensus in identifying anti-inflammatory doses of either drug class. Furthermore, there is discordance between prescribers’ intended mechanistic effect with the selection of initial dosages for both tetracycline and macrolides for ocular rosacea.

Conclusions:
Among clinicians who commonly treat ocular rosacea, there is significant community equipoise regarding which dose of tetracycline is best for initial systemic treatment of this disease. In addition, a consensus understanding regarding mechanism of action of this treatment is lacking.