bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving crop-livestock integration in China using numerical experiments at two scales
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Yiwen , Yang Nian , Zhu Kaihang , Yan Xiaoman , Bai Zhaohai , Zhai Limei , Shen Zhenyao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Balancing water quality and food production is a global challenge due to complex nutrient cycle and previous soil accumulation. This study investigated crop-livestock integration from watershed perspective, while agricultural and environmental benefits of fertilizer and manure management were quantified through two numerical experiments. The optimal ratio of replacing chemical fertilizer with manure was found and the spatial configuration of crop-livestock integration at large scale was suggested. Results showed that the period of basic fertilizer was more beneficial to crop yield and the effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with manure on water quality was more prominent. Numerical simulation showed that specific threshold existed to balance water quality protection and agricultural production. Then, by extending the threshold to regional scale, spatially explicit crop-livestock integration was given. This study balances the relationship between agriculture and environment, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of crop-livestock integration.
Transient evolution of the b-value as a risk indicator for induced seismicity
Authors: Ritz Vanille , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Induced earthquakes pose a substantial challenge to many geo-energy applications, and in particular to Enhance Geothermal Systems (EGS). We demonstrate that the key factor controlling the seismic hazard is the relative size distribution of earthquakes, the b-value, because it is closely coupled to the stress conditions in the underground. By comparing high resolution observations from an EGS project in Basel with a loosely coupled hydro-mechanical-stochastic model, we establish a highly systematic behaviour of the b-value and resulting hazard through the injection cycle. This time evolution is controlled not only by the specific site conditions and the proximity of nearby faults but also by the injection strategy followed. Our results open up new approaches to assess and mitigate seismic hazard and risk through careful site selection and adequate injection strategy, coupled to real-time monitoring and modelling during reservoir stimulation.
A secure and efficient multi-domain data sharing model on consortium chain
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Huo Xiaotong , Bao Zhenshan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In a large-scale networking scenario with massive distribution of devices, data is independently generated and maintained by multiple domains. In order to solve the problem of isolated data island in multi-domain, this paper designs a multi-domain data sharing model based on consortium chain. Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and the less consideration of intra-domain consensus processes in traditional data sharing schemes, this paper optimizes the security and efficiency of data sharing from two parts: inter-domain chain and intra-domain chain. In order to ensure the fine-grained, dynamic and secure access strategy in inter-domain chain, this model combines the attribute-based access control model (ABAC) with smart contract, and a permission grading mechanism is designed to solve the problem of low retrieval efficiency in this access control model through reducing the retrieval range by grading and matching Policy set. In view of the problem of high delay of node consensus in the large-scale networking environment of intra-domain chain, a Layered Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance optimization (LPBFT) algorithm with introducing a reputation model is designed, which greatly improves the efficiency and security of the intra-domain consensus. The consortium chain model is designed and implemented from the perspectives of inter-domain and intra-domain, which optimized the security and efficiency of the multi-domain data sharing model. Finally, this paper implements a prototype system with the Hyperledger Fabric platform, and verifies the validity of this model from the access control within the inter-domain and the consensus algorithm within the intra-domain separately.
Control of human cytomegalovirus replication by liver resident natural killer cells
Authors: Forrest Calum , Chase Thomas , Cuff Antonia , Motallebzadeh Reza , Gander Amir , Davidson Brian , Griffiths Paul , Male Victoria , Reeves Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that have been suggested important for control of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) – an important pathogen in immune suppressed transplant patients. In HCMV seropositive individuals a population of NK cells with adaptive features can expand in peripheral blood and has been shown to have enhanced antiviral function. This is particularly evident following solid organ transplant (SOT) where patients frequently experience episodes of HCMV viremia. In contrast, much less is understood about the identity and function of tissue-resident immune cells in the context of HCMV infection and pathogenesis. In this study, access to tissue-resident immune cells from human organs destined for transplant has enabled us to address this, for the first time.
Here we show that human liver-resident (lrNK), like circulating NK (cNK) cells, express increased adaptive markers in HCMV+ individuals. Interestingly, lrNK demonstrated better control of HCMV replication in vitro when compared to cNK cells isolated from the same donor. Furthermore, this control phenotype was elevated if the cells were isolated from HCMV seropositive donors. Crucially, because these studies were performed on perfusates from livers destined for transplantation we could correlate a donor’s lrNK ability to control HCMV in vitro with a reduction in HCMV viraemia in liver transplant recipients in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that a population of CD2+ NK cells are enriched in patients who did not develop viraemia post-transplant and that loss of control in vitro occurs when CD2 NK cells are depleted or inhibited with anti-CD2 antibodies.
Therefore, lrNK have anti-viral activity that could be important for control of HCMV replication in tissue and contribute to better clinical outcomes following organ transplant. Understanding the importance of CD2 expressing populations could have implications for the development of novel therapies aimed at mobilising specific NK cell functions against infections and/or decreasing the ability of HCMV to evade NK responses.
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid induces liver lipid accumulation through AMPK/ACC signaling
Authors: Ling Junyi , Hua Lu , Qin Yi , Gu Tianye , jiang shengyang , Zhao Jianya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a hepatotoxic environmental organic pollutant that can cause aberrant lipid accumulation in the liver. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PFOS-induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. Our research shows that low-dose PFOS exposure can inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, leading to increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity and attenuated fatty acid β-oxidation, and consequent liver lipid accumulation. We found that 1 mg/kg/day PFOS exposure significantly aggravated steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, along with reduced AMPK activity. Oil Red O results showed that PFOS exposure caused fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. As predicted, PFOS treatment reduced the level of phosphorylated AMPK in a concentration-dependent manner, leading to subsequent increase in ACC activity and lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells. Treatment with 200 μM AMPK agonist AICAR alleviated PFOS-induced ACC activation and lipid accumulation. In summary, our data highlights a crucial role of AMPK/ACC pathway in PFOS-mediated liver lipid metabolism disorders.
Dirac cone spectroscopy of strongly correlated phases in twisted trilayer graphene
Authors: Shen Cheng , Ledwith Patrick J. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Khalaf Eslam , Vishwanath Ashvin , Efetov Dmitri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mirror-symmetric magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG) hosts flat electronic bands close to zero energy, and has been recently shown to exhibit abundant correlated quantum phases with flexible electrical tunability.1–3 However studying these phases proved challenging as these are obscured by intertwined Dirac bands. In this work, we demonstrate a novel spectroscopy technique, that allows to quantify the energy gaps and Chern numbers of the correlated states in MATTG by driving band crossings between Dirac cone Landau levels and the energy gaps in the flat bands. We uncover hard correlated gaps with Chern numbers of C = 0 at integer moiré unit cell fillings of ν = 2 and 3 and reveal novel charge density wave states originating from van Hove singularities at fractional fillings of ν = 5/3 and 11/3. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of displacement field driven first-order phase transitions at charge neutrality and half fillings of the moiré unit cell ν = ± 2, which is consistent with a theoretical strong-coupling analysis, implying the breaking of the C2T symmetry. Overall these properties establish the diverse and electrically tunable phase diagram of MATTG and provide an avenue for investigating electronic quantum phases and strong correlations in multiple-band moiré systems.
Nutritional quality of Citrus clementina leaves affects infestation distribution of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae)
Authors: Mohammed Bouzouina , KOUADRIA Rabiaa , Mahiout Djamel , BERKANI Abdellah , LOTMANI Brahim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to highlight the Citrus clementina nutritional quality leaves significance on infestations distribution of the citrus leaf-miner Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae). For each plant phenological cycle, infestation rates of P. citrella, carbon, nitrogen and phenolic compounds (CPT) were determined from collected leaves. The findings of P. citrella infestations show saved spring shoots, severely attacked autumn and summer leaves, and progressive infestations on additional leaves. Also, results revealed lower content of carbon in spring leaves as compared to additional, summer and autumn ones. In contrary, nitrogen was found to be higher in spring leaves. Summer and spring leaves contain, relatively, significant levels of total phenolic compounds. C/N balances seem to be substantial in summer, followed by additional and then spring and autumn leaves. Separately, infestations are negatively correlated with C and N accumulations, and positively with CPT and C/N. These ingredients are the main components of plant sap used by phytophagous sucking bugs. Herein, P. citrella infestation depends on the balance between nutritional (C and N) and deterrent (CPT) components. Effectively, as compared to the first cycle, P. citrella activates when the sap has nutrient-rich levels (especially carbon) and suitable C/N balance, despite the high level of diluted phenolic compounds in the mixture (SmS and AuS). This is clearly observed on additional shoots; less deterrents and abundance of nutritional nutrients. Remove additional shoots, as soon as they appear, can be a promising strategy of control, and obviously reduce P. citrella adults spread on summer shoots.
Construction of competing endogenous RNA network of long non-coding RNA with microRNA and mRNA in middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Chu Furui , Fei Changyi , Wang Ni , Pan Lingyu , Wang Yongzhong , Fang Ling , Peng Daiyin , Duan Xianchun , Chen Weidong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In our previous studies, we have identified that a series of message RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to stroke. However, the network of RNA regulation with stroke remains well-known enough. This study explored the regulatory mechanism and function of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in stroke. According to the competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) hypothesis, a group of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNAs were found, which revealed the interaction between lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA and stroke. Several important lncRNAs were selected for in-depth analysis including sub-ceRNA-network, GO enrichment analyis, and pathway enrichment analysis. Importantly, the candidate lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs are contributed to the ceRNA network, which can be used as potential therapeutic targets for stroke for further research.
Speckle-tracking echocardiography for predicting improvement of myocardial contractile function after revascularization. A meta- analysis of prospective trials
Authors: Ballo Haitham , Doghman Fatma , Hartikainen Juha , Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Some studies have indicated that the use of 2D-Speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) aids in predicting recovery of myocardial contractile function after revascularization in patients with chronic ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or acute myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 2DSTE strain in the detection of myocardial viability at rest and during low-dose dobutamine (LDD) stress. Methods: A systematic review for all prospective trials using 2DSTE to assess myocardial viability until January 2019 was done. Using a standard approach of meta-analysis for diagnostic tests. Results: Overall, 9 studies including 525 patients with either chronic ischemic heart disease or acute MI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seven studies used longitudinal strain (LS) at rest, 9 studies used circumferential strain (CS) at rest, 4 studies used LS during LDD stress, and 4 studies used CS during LDD stress. LS and CS during LDD stress showed equally high sensitivity (81.5% and 81.5% respectively) and specificity (81.3% and 81.4% respectively) for detecting reversible dysfunction. At rest, LS and CS showed equally lower sensitivity (67.1%, p<0.0001 vs. LDD stress and 68.7%, p<0.0001, vs. LDD stress, respectively) and specificity (64%, p<0.0001 vs. LDD stress and 65.7%, p=0.0008 vs. LDD stress, respectively) as compared with LDD stress. Conclusions: LS and CS by 2DSTE during LDD stress accurately identify reversible ischemic myocardial dysfunction in patients with chronic ischemic LV dysfunction or after MI. The use of LDD stress can be recommended over resting strain measures in this setting.
Enhanced Polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite oxides
Authors: Cai Songhua , Lun Yingzhuo , Ji Dianxiang , Lv Peng , Han Lu , Guo Changqing , Zang Yipeng , Gao Si , Wei Yifan , Gu Min , Zhang Chunchen , Gu Zhenbin , Wang Xueyun , Addiego Christopher , Fang Daining , Nie Yuefeng , Hong Jiawang , Wang Peng , Pan Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observed a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 3.5×107 m−1, suggesting a promising approach for realizing extremely large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial change in membrane thickness was discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO3, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage effect in ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical model reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity–piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems.
Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 in malaria exposure and pregnancy
Authors: Mancebo Cristina , Vidal Marta , Aguilar Ruth , Barrios Diana , Bardají Azucena , Ome-Kaius Maria , Menéndez Clara , Rogerson Stephen J. , Dobaño Carlota , Moncunill Gemma , Requena Pilar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Eotaxin-1 concentration in plasma has been inversely associated with malaria exposure, malaria infection and pregnancy, but the effect of these conditions on the levels of the related chemokines eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 remains unknown. Methods: Eotaxin-2 and -3 concentrations were measured in 319 peripheral or placental plasma samples from pregnant and non-pregnant individuals from Papua New Guinea (malaria-endemic country) and Spain (malaria-naïve individuals) with previous data on eotaxin-1 concentration. Correlations between eotaxin concentrations were examined with the Spearman’s test. Differences in eotaxin concentrations among groups were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann Whitney tests. The pairwise Wilcoxon test was performed to compare eotaxin-2 concentration between peripheral and placental matched plasmas. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were estimated to assess the association between eotaxins and Plasmodium infection or gestational age. Results: Eotaxin-2 concentration in plasma showed a weak positive correlation with eotaxin-1 (rho =0.25, p < 0.05) and eotaxin-3 (rho= 0.35, p < 0.05) concentrations. Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 plasma concentrations were lower in malaria-exposed than in non-exposed groups (p <0.05), but no differences were found associated to pregnancy. Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 plasma concentrations were negatively correlated with anti-Plasmodium IgG levels: PfDBL5ε-IgG (rhoEo2 = - 0.28 p= 0.038, rhoEo3 = - 0.37 p= 0.011), and eotaxin-3 was negatively correlated with PfDBL3x-IgG levels (rhoEo3 = - 0.36 p= 0.011). Negative correlations of eotaxin-2 and 3 in plasma were also observed with atypical memory B cells (rhoEo2= -0.37 p<0.001 and rhoEo3= -0.28 p = 0.006), a B cell subset expanded in malaria-exposed individuals. In addition, a borderline negative association was observed between eotaxin-3 concentration and Plasmodium infection (β= -0.283, 95% CI: -0.601; 0.035, p = 0.079). Moreover, eotaxin-2 placental concentrations were significantly increased compared to peripheral concentrations in the malaria-exposed pregnant group whereas the contrary was observed in the non-exposed pregnant group (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Although a clear epidemiological negative association is observed between eotaxins concentrations and malaria exposure and/or infection, further research is required to understand the role of these chemokines in this disease and in combination with pregnancy.
Factors affecting compliance on the usage of face masks by street vendors during COVID- 19 pandemic in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Olowoyo Mary Motolani , Ramaila Sam , Mavuru Lydia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:The COVID 19 pandemic has been a major concern all over the world and in a bid to limit and control the spread, several mechanisms were introduced including the usage of mask in serving as a barrier. The present study was set out to investigate factors affecting compliance to the usage of face mask among street vendors in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods:The study was carried out in the Northern and Central parts of the city. The study adopted a mixed method approach as part of an exploratory descriptive survey design and involved 257 purposively selected street vendors selling their goods along major streets of Pretoria. The study was underpinned by knowledge-attitude-behaviour theory as the underlying theoretical framework. Results:Key findings demonstrated that age and gender played a significant role in participants’ adherence to the usage of face masks. A major factor contributing to the non-adherence on the usage of the mask was the eagerness to continue participating in their businesses so that they could generate income for the provision and sustenance of their family needs. Some of the respondents (28%) believed that COVID 19 was a myth. While the media appeared to have played a major role in promoting awareness of COVID 19, the awareness did not translate into adherence to the usage of face masks on the part of some of the participants. Conclusion:The participants bemoaned breathing problems, discomfort, itchiness and sores as challenges associated with the usage of face masks. Non-adherence to the usage of face masks underscores the need for South African Government to assist in the provision of free face masks with a view to curbing the spread of COVID 19.
SHP-2 specific deletion in macrophages accelerates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through promoting IRE1α-XBP1s pathway regulated by IL-6 secretion
Authors: Yang Deshuang , Wang Sixuan , Liao Jiangquan , Wang Yan , Xiao Xiang , Li Lin , Liu Yi , Gu Huan , Yang Peng , Fu Dongliang , Du Jinhang , Li Xianlun , Shao Mingjing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
SHP-2 is a pervasively Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and its specific deletion in macrophages can promote the IL-6 secretion in the pathophysiological process of cardiac hypertrophy. To elucidate the mechanism, AngII infused Lyz-2-Cre/SHP-2flox/flox mice and SHP-2 MφCKO wild-type (SHP-2+/+) mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiographic scans showed that left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular systolic volume were significantly increased in SHP-2flox/flox group, implying that TAC-induced SHP-2flox/flox can induce LV hypertrophy and damage cardiac function. In addition, IHC analysis and Western blotting demonstrated that SHP-2flox/flox obviously elevated the expression of α-SMA, collagen, circulating macrophage numbers and positive areas and expression level of IL-6 in vitro. Moreover, SHP-2flox/flox positively regulated IRE1α-XBP-1 activation, whereas the expression levels of NF-κB did not differ between SHP-2flox/flox and SHP-2+/+ mice. It was also confirmed that the increased expression levels of IL-6, p-IRE1α, and XBP1s in SHP-2flox/flox mice were markedly reversed by 3,6-DMAD hydrochloride (an inhibitor of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway). These results demonstrated that SHP-2flox/flox promotes IL-6 secretion via the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway rather than NF-κB signaling pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
Characterization of Quantum Dots with Hyperspectral Fluorescence Microscopy for Multiplexed Optical Imaging of Biomolecules
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Cheng Joseph Yong Xin , Chua Jian Jun , Olivo Malini 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The optical properties of quantum dots were extensively characterized using a hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy system. The system provides a single excitation source in the ultraviolet and 311 emission spectral channels in the visible. This allows the detection of multiple fluorophores (e.g. different quantum dots) with a high spectral resolution in one go which is not achievable with a conventional fluorescence microscope where different filter sets have to be used. A spectral library was established based on the spectral profiles of six types of quantum dots. Notably, a slight spectral shift was observed for all samples while the sample was drying. Subsequently, two quantum dot mixture samples were studied. Using the spectral unmixing approach, the relative proportions of each quantum dot within a homogeneous mixture and the spatial distribution of each quantum dot within a heterogeneous mixture were calculated. The calculated values match well with the theoretical predictions. Hence, the analysis method presented here can be used for simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores using hyperspectral imaging technology. The results provide valuable information for the realization of real-time multi-channel in vivo fluorescent imaging of biomolecules