bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between genome‐wide and MHC class I and II genetic diversity and complementarity in a nonhuman primate
Authors: Petersen Rachel M. , Bergey Christina M. , Roos Christian , Higham James P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough mate choice is expected to favor partners with advantageous genetic properties, the relative importance of genome‐wide characteristics, such as overall heterozygosity or kinship, versus specific loci, is unknown. To disentangle genome‐wide and locus‐specific targets of mate choice, we must first understand congruence in global and local variation within the same individual. This study compares genetic diversity, both absolute and relative to other individuals (i.e., complementarity), assessed across the genome to that found at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a hyper‐variable gene family integral to immune system function and implicated in mate choice across species. Using DNA from 22 captive olive baboons (Papio anubis), we conducted double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to estimate genome‐wide heterozygosity and kinship, and sequenced two class I and two class II MHC loci. We found that genome‐wide diversity was not associated with MHC diversity, and that diversity at class I MHC loci was not correlated with diversity at class II loci. Additionally, kinship was a significant predictor of the number of MHC alleles shared between dyads at class II loci. Our results provide further evidence of the strong selective pressures maintaining genetic diversity at the MHC in comparison to other randomly selected sites throughout the genome. Furthermore, our results indicate that class II MHC disassortative mate choice may mediate inbreeding avoidance in this population. Our study suggests that mate choice favoring genome‐wide genetic diversity is not always synonymous with mate choice favoring MHC diversity, and highlights the importance of controlling for kinship when investigating MHC‐associated mate choice.
Palladium(II) Complexes with the 4,5‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)acenaphthene Ligand and Their Reactivity with Ethylene
Authors: Dall'Anese Anna , Tosolini Massimo , Alberoni Chiara , Balducci Gabriele , Polentarutti Maurizio , Pellecchia Claudio , Tecilla Paolo , Milani Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed the development of homogeneous catalysts for ethylene homo‐ and co‐polymerization reactions based on late transition metals. When Pd(II) is the metal of choice, the best ligand‐metal combination deals with either bidentate nitrogen‐donor molecules or phosphinobenzene sulfonate derivatives. In this contribution we have investigated the coordination chemistry to Pd(II) of a bidentate phosphorus ligand, namely 4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)acenaphthene (1). Starting from the neutral complex, [Pd(1)(CH3)Cl], we obtained the cationic derivatives [Pd(1)(CH3)(L)][SbF6], with L being either CH3CN or 3,5‐lutidine. Using in situ NMR spectroscopy we investigated the reaction of [Pd(1)(CH3)(NCCH3)][SbF6] with ethylene, at room temperature, and ambient ethylene pressure. We discovered that [Pd(1)(CH3)(NCCH3)][SbF6] acts as a catalyst for butenes and hexenes synthesis with the relevant Pd‐ethyl intermediate as the catalyst resting state. At the same time the color of the solution turned from pale yellow to light red due to the formation of the dinuclear species [Pd(μ‐η2−C6H5)PPh)−PPh2]2[SbF6]2. Both the neutral Pd(II) complex, activated in situ by NaSbF6, and the monocationic acetonitrile derivative were tested in the ethylene homopolymerization reaction at high pressure, leading to low molecular weight, branched, polyethylene.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis of Water‐Soluble Trimeric and Monomeric Palladium Complexes of 8‐Aminoquinolines
Authors: Dolui Pritam , Verma Ashutosh , Saini Parul , Nair Abhishek , Thomas Sajesh P. , Elias Anil J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNew water soluble neutral and cationic palladium complexes were synthesized using 8‐aminoquinoline (8‐AQ) and 2‐methyl 8‐aminoquinoline (2‐Me 8‐AQ) ligands and their catalytic properties were evaluated. The neutral trimeric complexes having a Pd3N3 core were found to form when Pd(OAc)2 was reacted with 8‐AQ or 2‐Me 8‐AQ irrespective of the stoichiometry between the 2 reagents. Controlled addition of triflic acid to the neutral trimeric complex resulted in the formation of a trimeric cationic palladium complex as well as a monomeric cationic complex. A cationic palladium complex having two units of 2‐Me‐8AQ ligand was also synthesized from the cationic monomeric complex. Crystal structures of the new palladium complexes are reported in this study. The water‐soluble neutral palladium complex showed catalytic activity for the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes, while the cationic palladium complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for the oxidation of styrenes to methyl ketones.
Solid‐State and Solution Self‐assembly Properties of Mono‐ and Bis‐acetylide RuII Complexes Bearing Hydrogen‐Bonding Amide Functions
Authors: Galangau Olivier , Caytan Elsa , Gallonde William T. , de Waele Isabelle , Camerel Franck , Rigaut Stéphane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, we report our latest results regarding the self‐assembly properties of two Ru‐acetylides complexes and their corresponding free organic ligands, in solution and in the solid state. The four compounds show mesogenic properties, which we have rationalized thanks to extensive DSC, SAXS, POM, FTIR and molecular dynamic investigations. We clearly establish that hydrogen bonds stabilize the supramolecular structures, and that introducing the metal center and its coordination sphere induces large change in the liquid crystal properties. In addition, for the monoacetylide compound Ru2, solution‐state studies helped us rationalize its supramolecular abilities. In particular, we demonstrate that Ru2 follows an isodesmic growth supramolecular polymerization in aromatic solvent.
A soybean GmDREB3 gene contributes to drought tolerance in wheat
Authors: Bai Xingxuan , Zhou Yongbin , Islam Md Ashraful , Zhang Weibin , Ning Lei , Ling Bingqi , Wang Yanxia , Xu Zhao‐Shi , Sun Daizhen , Chen Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDREB transcription factor can significantly improve the plant resistance to drought, high salt, low temperature, high temperature, and other abiotic stress. A previous study showed that DREB transcription factor gene GmDREB3 from soybean can improve drought resistance in tobacco, however, whether it can improve drought resistance in wheat needs to be further investigated. In the present study, GmDREB3 was transferred to a wheat variety, Shi366 and two positive lines of the T5 generation were obtained by additive culture and molecular identification. GmDREB3‐OE (overexpression) lines conferred drought tolerance characteristics, including higher survival rates, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lower relative conductivity, higher chlorophyll content, and higher proline content than Shi366 wheat plants under drought stress. The SPAD, Fv/Fm, panicle number, and grain yield of GmDREB3‐OE lines were increased but the transpiration rate was decreased, compared to the Shi366 plants in the field condition under drought stress. Significant differences in the stress indices were observed between the GmDREB3–OE lines and Shi366 wheat plants, which suggested that the GmDREB3 significantly improved wheat tolerance to drought stress. In addition, RT‐qPCR analysis indicated that GmDREB3 could enhance the expression of drought‐related genes in wheat. Therefore, GmDREB3 significantly increased drought tolerance in wheat plants along with improved physiological and agronomic traits and grain yield.
Gender differences in the relationships between dietary phytosterols intake and prevalence of obesity in Chinese population
Authors: Guo Panpan , Feng Rennan , Li Zixiang , Han Ting 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo investigate the associations between different phytosterols (PSs) intake and subtype of obesity in Chinese. Total 6073 adults aged ≥18 years was enrolled from China. General characteristics were completed by the validated dietary questionnaire. For total phytosterols intake, comparing Q4 with Q1 was inversely associated with the risks of overweight [odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82 (0.69, 0.96), p < .05]. The intake of stigmasterol, β‐sitosterol, β‐sitostanol and campestanol were associated with the lower risks of obesity, whereas no significant correlationss were found between campesterol intake and any subtype of obesity in the multivariable‐adjusted model. Interestingly, the stigmasterol intake was inversely related with the prevalence of central obesity in female, while the β‐sitostanol intake was found in male [OR 95% CI in Q3 of 0.78 (0.60–0.99) and 0.71 (0.56–0.91), respectively; p < .05]. The multiple linear regression models showed that fruits, vegetable‐oil, nuts and seeds may be important diet sources of PSs. The intake of total PSs, β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, β‐sitostanol and campestanol were inversely associated with the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, the lower obesity risk for total PSs and PSs subgroups differed for the gender. The firm results deserve to be further verified in cohort studies.
To Assess Technologies, Bioethicists Must Take Off Their Blinkers
Authors: de Melo‐Martín Inmaculada 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssessing the safety of biomedical technologies is an essential aspect of any sound ethical assessment. It is, however, not sufficient. Technologies do significantly more than what they are designed to accomplish. Bioethicists should pay more attention to the many ways in which technologies transform our world and ourselves.
Errors in Converting Principles to Protocols: Where the Bioethics of U.S. Covid‐19 Vaccine Allocation Went Wrong
Authors: Parker William F. , Persad Govind , Peek Monica E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor much of 2021, allocating the scarce supply of Covid‐19 vaccines was the world's most pressing bioethical challenge, and similar challenges may recur for novel therapies and future vaccines. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) identified three fundamental ethical principles to guide the process: maximize benefits, promote justice, and mitigate health inequities. We argue that critical components of the recommended protocol were internally inconsistent with these principles. Specifically, the ACIP violated its principles by recommending overly broad health care worker priority in phase 1a, using being at least seventy‐five years of age as the only criterion to identify individuals at high risk of death from Covid‐19 during phase 1b, failing to recommend place‐based vaccine distribution, and implicitly endorsing first‐come, first‐served allocation. More rigorous empirical work and the development of a complete ethical framework that recognizes trade‐offs between principles may have prevented these mistakes and saved lives.
On the Authority of Advance Euthanasia Directives for People with Severe Dementia: Reflections on a Dutch Case
Authors: Wijsbek Henri , Nys Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 2016, a Dutch physician complied with the advance euthanasia directive of a patient with severe dementia. In the ensuing lawsuit, the physician was charged principally with termination of life on request, with euthanasia, that is, and alternatively with murder. A district court acquitted her of both charges, a decision later upheld by the Dutch Supreme Court.Euthanasia is still a criminal offense in the Netherlands, but in 2002, a new euthanasia act came into effect allowing a physician to perform euthanasia if she has fulfilled six due‐care criteria, the two most important of which are that she must be satisfied that the patient's request is voluntary and well considered and that the patient's suffering is unbearable, with no prospect of improvement. Neither of these two criteria is controversial; particular cases are controversial when it is disputed that these criteria were fulfilled. Other euthanasia cases, however, are controversial because they belong to a category that is contentious for independent reasons. One such disputed category is euthanasia performed on incompetent patients with an advance directive.Since determining whether these criteria are fulfilled in a particular case depends on the particular circumstances, we describe this 2016 case in detail. We then focus on three general philosophical reasons for doubting the validity of advance euthanasia directives for incompetent patients: the someone else problem, the problem of response shift, and the problem of normative authority. These problems have been discussed before, but our primary aim is to show how they are connected. Taken together, we believe that our two lines of argument make a strong moral case for supporting the Dutch Supreme Court's decision.
Reevaluating the Ethical Issues in Porcine‐to‐Human Heart Xenotransplantation
Authors: Silverman Henry , Odonkor Patrick N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA major limiting factor with heart allotransplantation remains the availability of organs from deceased donors. Porcine heart xenotransplantation could serve as an alternative source of organs for patients with terminal heart failure. A first‐in‐human porcine xenotransplantation that occurred in January 2022 at the University of Maryland Medical Center provided an opportunity to examine several ethical issues to guide selection criteria for future xenotransplantation clinical trials. In this article, the authors, who are clinicians at UMMC, discuss the appropriate balancing of risks and benefits and the significance, if any, of clinical equipoise. The authors also review the alleged role of the psychosocial evaluation in identifying patients at an elevated risk of posttransplant noncompliance, and they consider how the evaluation's implementation might enhance inequities among diverse populations. The authors argue that, based on the principle of reciprocity, psychosocial criteria should be used, not to exclude patients, but instead to identify patients who need additional support. Finally, the authors discuss the requirements for and the proper assessment of informed and voluntary consent from patients being considered for xenotransplantation.
Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials and the Need for Community Engagement
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere are several ethical concerns facing first‐in‐human clinical trials involving xenotransplantation. Who should participate in these trials? If we limit trial participation to those who have exhausted other treatment options, how can we avoid therapeutic misconception? How should we balance the desire for long‐term monitoring of trial participants against the well‐established principle that research participants have the right to withdraw from research? Finally, how should we balance concerns about equitable access to these trials with deep mistrust of the scientific community? In particular, should xenotransplant clinical trials attempt to address well‐known inequities in clinical trial participation by race and ethnicity? In this commentary, I argue that clinical investigators and regulators have an obligation to engage with underrepresented communities to develop answers to these questions.
COVID‐19‐associated transverse myelitis treated by therapeutic plasma exchange: A case report
Authors: Akçay Nihal , Menentoğlu Mehmet Emin , Oğur Mustafa , Tosun Demet , Palabıyık Figen Bakırtaş , Şevketoğlu Esra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransverse myelitis (TM) is a very uncommon condition in children which can be associated with viral infections. Acute TM cases have been reported after Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection during the pandemic.Case ReportWe report a child with TM related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, who was successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Inability to walk and urinary retention were the central nervous system symptom. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed signal changes in the spinal cord. Her neurological symptoms worsened despite receiving IVIG and high–dose steroids for the first 3 d. We performed 10 TPE sessions with 5% albumin replacement and the neurological symptoms rapidly improved.ConclusionWe demonstrated that a child diagnosed with acute TM related to COVID‐19 infection, was successfully treated with TPE.
Empathy, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking as mediators between primary psychopathic traits and driving behaviors in French driving offenders
Authors: Karras Marion , Csillik Antonia , Delhomme Patricia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the links between primary psychopathic traits and driving behavior on the one hand, and driving anger expression on the other hand, through the specific contribution of empathy, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking, in a sample of French driving offenders.MethodsOne thousand six hundred and eighty‐six driving offenders completed a paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire during 110 drivers' rehabilitation programs.ResultsPrimary psychopathic traits were positively associated with violations and aggressive driving anger expression, and negatively associated with prosocial driving behaviors. These associations were partially mediated by empathy, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking. In addition, the negative relation between primary psychopathic traits and adaptive anger expression was fully mediated by these three personal dispositions.ConclusionLow empathy, high impulsiveness and sensation seeking are important characteristics of driving offenders with high psychopathic traits. Our results provide a better understanding of French driving offenders' risky behaviors and the role of primary psychopathic traits.
Financial stress and debt in clinical psychology doctoral students
Authors: Szkody Erica , Hobaica Steven , Owens Sarah , Boland Jennifer , Washburn Jason J. , Bell Debora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntrodutionFew studies examine the financial burden of clinical psychology doctoral programs and its impact on achievements, stress, and mental health.ObjectivesThe current study sought to better understand students' financial stress and debt, and how financial stress may impact their mental health and the attainment of personal and professional milestones.MethodStudents (N = 912) completed an online survey assessing demographics, sources of income and expenditures, mental health, and milestones.ResultsAfter accounting for yearly inflation, stipends have not kept pace with the average cost of living in the United States. Over one‐third of students indicated that they had no expendable pretax income after paying for their education and typical living expenses. Additionally, over 80% reported acquiring additional debt in graduate school to offset their living expenses. Financial concerns were associated with delays in major life milestones (e.g., buying a car/house, getting married/starting a family, having children), as well as avoiding medical (34.2%) or mental (41.4%) health care, with 17.5% of participants experiencing a health crisis they could not afford while in graduate school. Financial stress was associated with an increase in time spent thinking about finances, higher rates of depression and anxiety symptoms, and decreased sleep.ConclusionMany clinical psychology doctoral students experience financial stress and are often unable to afford basic educational, personal living, and health care expenses, likely worsening mental health. Academic programs and leadership are encouraged to increase student stipends, improve financial transparency, provide access to health care, and alleviate financial stress and debt
Biological processes of nitrogen removal and modeling oxygen diffusion in flocculent sludge and in granular sequencing batch reactors
Authors: Bucci Paula , Marin Juan C. Alzate , Zaritzky Noemí , Caravelli Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSimultaneous nitrification‐denitrification (SND) in biological wastewater treatment occurs under aerobic conditions in flocs and granules, exhibiting aerobic and internal anoxic zones; SND depends on dissolved oxygen concentration. Aerobic denitrification (AD) is an advantageous process because control of aeration is not required. In the present study, the effects of anoxic/aerobic conditions and size of microbial aggregates on the AD process were evaluated using sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with activated sludge (anoxic/aerobic SBRAS) or aerobic granules (SBRAG).RESULTSNitrogen mass balances were used to estimate nitrogen assimilation, nitrification and denitrification. An oxygen diffusion model was proposed to evaluate oxygen profiles in the microbial aggregates determining the contribution of AD on nitrogen removal. At COD:N ratio = 100:10, fully aerobic biomass was predicted for all flocs in SBRASand for 82% of the granules in SBRAG. In SBRAS, intracellular carbon storage was favored in the anoxic phase; nitrification was followed by AD, achieving 67% inorganic nitrogen (Ni) removal. In SBRAG,SNDwas 55% andNiremoval 51%. For SBRAG, genomic analysis described microbial community and nitrogen metabolic pathways were proposed. Heterotrophic nitrification‐aerobic denitrification (HNAD) was proposed as the main nitrogen removal process. At COD:N = 100:15, 80% of the granules developed internal anoxic zones; anoxic denitrification predominated, allowing treatment of a higher nitrogen load with similarNiremoval.CONCLUSIONSBiological processes without oxygen control are simpler to operate. For anoxic/aerobic SBR, highNiremoval efficiency was achieved even with 3.5–5.4 mg O2 L−1at the center of the flocs, as predicted by the diffusion model. In aerobic granular systems,SNDcarried out by HNAD bacteria constitutes a promising approach for nitrogen removal. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Quantitative proteomics and biological activity of extracellular vesicles engineered to express SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein
Authors: Choi Dongsic , Khan Nargis , Montermini Laura , Tawil Nadim , Meehan Brian , Kim Dae‐Kyum , Roth Frederick P. , Divangahi Maziar , Rak Janusz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection led to the devastating COVID‐19 pandemic, where illness stemmed from interactions between virions and recipient host cells resulting in multi‐layered pathological consequences. The role of the infection portal is now understood to be the cellular angiotensin converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) receptor, which binds to viral spike (S) protein initiating virion internalisation process. Since SARS‐CoV‐2 virions bear some resemblance to endogenously produced small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) we reasoned that EVs engineered to express S protein (viral mimics) may interfere with viral infection. Here, we report generation of HEK293T cells producing sEVs enriched for transmembrane S‐protein tagged with green fluorescent protein (S/GFP). Strikingly, S protein drove the GFP tag to the membrane of sEVs, while GFP alone was not efficiently included in the sEV cargo. High‐throughput quantitative proteomics revealed that S/GFP sEVs contained over 1000 proteins including canonical components of the exosomal pathway such as ALIX, syntenin‐1, and tetraspanins (CD81, CD9), but depleted for calnexin and cytochrome c. We found that 84 sEV proteins were significantly altered by the presence of S/GFP. S protein expressing EVs efficiently adhered to target cells in an ACE2‐dependent manner, but they were poorly internalised. Importantly, prolonged administration of S/GFP EV to K18‐hACE2 mice provided a significant protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Thus, the generation of sEV containing S protein can be considered as a novel therapeutic approach in reducing the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2.