bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sedentary time and carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ke Jing , Li Kun , Ke Tingyu , Zhong Xu , Zheng Qidong , Wang Yufan , Li Li , Dai Yuancheng , Dong Qijuan , Ji Bangqun , Xu Fengmei , Shi Juan , Peng Ying , Zhang Yifei , Zhao Dong , Wang Weiqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerosis is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multiple factors are involved in the development and progress of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the association of weekly sedentary time (WST) with carotid plaque formation.MethodsAfter data cleaning, a total of 26 664 participants with T2DM from 10 National Metabolic Management Centers (MMCs) from June 2017 to April 2021 were enrolled. Self‐reported lifestyle data including WST, sleeping time, smoking and drinking information, carotid artery ultrasound, and biochemical parameters were obtained. The independent association of carotid plaue with sedentary and other lifestyle behaviors was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Moreover, stratified analysis was conducted to demonstrate the influence of confounding factors.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the participants was 54.0 (11.6) years, and the median (interquartile range) WST was 35.0 (21.0, 42.0) h. Comparing with participants in the first tertile of WST, those in the second or third tertile of WST were younger and with a shorter duration of diabetes. There were positive associations between longer sedentary time and odds of artery plaque after adjustment, with corresponding ORs in the second and third tertile were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.31–1.50) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.56–1.79), respectively. However, the effect of WST on plaque in patients aged 18–40 years old had no statistical significance; the p value in the third tertile was 0.163.ConclusionsIn summary, higher WST appears to be associated with higher prevalence of carotid plaque in patients with T2DM, especially in aged populations.
Maximum standardized uptake value of normal structures in the head and neck with bone SPECT/CT
Authors: Tezuka Yasuhito , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe quantitative parameter was successfully derived from the quantitative bone SPECT/CT images. The aim of this study was to evaluate maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of normal structures in the head and neck with bone SPECT/CT.MethodsFifty‐three patients with jaw lesions (11 chronic osteomyelitis, eight osteoradionecrosis and 34 medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw) who had bone SPECT/CT were prospectively included. The maximum SUV of normal structures including vertebrae, sternal body, parietal bone and hyoid bone were analysed. Statistical analyses for the maximum SUV were performed by Pearson's rank correlation test. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe maximum SUVs of vertebrae, sternal body, parietal bone and hyoid bone of all patients were 8.10 ± 3.72, 5.16 ± 2.05, 3.67 ± 1.55 and 1.44 ± 0.56, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum SUV of vertebrae was significantly correlated with that of sternal body (Y = 0.527X + 5.388 (R2 = 0.084, P = 0.035)).ConclusionsMaximum SUV with bone SPECT/CT should be useful for characterization of normal structures in the head and neck. Furthermore, the data reported herein can be used for reference in future studies and in clinical settings for head and neck lesions.
Predictive factors for retention of golimumab over a median 4‐year duration in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a real‐world setting: A retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Mutoh Tomoyuki , Nagai Taichi , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Okazaki Soshi , Sato Hiroko , Fujii Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate 6‐year drug survival (median: 48.5 months) of golimumab and predictors for lack of efficacy leading to golimumab discontinuation in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in routine practice.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study included 60 patients with RA treated with golimumab from November 2011 to August 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups (retention, n = 28; withdrawal due to lack of efficacy, n = 24). The retention rate was assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method, and variables associated with golimumab discontinuation were identified using the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsThe prevalence of concomitant methotrexate and no biologics use was significantly higher in the retention than in the withdrawal group. Overall drug survival of golimumab was 66.3%, 48.3%, and 24.5% at 12, 36, and 72 months, respectively. There were statistical differences in retention rates among groups stratified by initiation dose, methotrexate, and biologics use. Multivariate analysis revealed the factor associated with golimumab discontinuation as history of 1 (hazards ratio: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.35‐19.93, P = .012) and ≥2 biologics use (7.49, 1.97‐36.27, P = .003).ConclusionsPrior exposure of increasing number of biologics was identified as the most important factor negatively affecting long‐term golimumab retention in Japanese patients with RA.
Determining the reasons for the failure of British aircraft manufacturers to invest in Australia's industry, 1934–1941
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Bamforth Jill 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of the article is to identify the factors that prevented British aircraft manufacturers from investing in Australia in the second half of the 1930s, a period when rearmament was creating demand for aircraft. The article looks at several unsuccessful proposals by British manufacturers to establish factories in Australia to build aircraft in the late 1930s, with additional attention being given to one proposal in particular. There is evidence that the Australian Government favoured the creation of an Australian‐owned industry building aircraft under licence to foreign manufacturers, and it was this factor that largely deterred British investors.
Polymorphism of coupled indels in porcine TNNC2 alters its transcript splicing and is associated with meat quality traits
Authors: Ma Tingting , Liu Yan , Wei Xingyu , Xue Qianjin , Zheng Zhiwei , Xu Xuewen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe TNNC2 gene encodes the fast‐skeletal C subunit of the troponin complex that plays a vital role in the regulation of striated muscle contraction and could be a candidate gene for pork quality. Here, we identified coupled insertion/deletion (indel) variants, a 17‐bp insertion and an 11‐bp deletion, in porcine TNNC2. The coupled indel variants provide an alternative splicing donor site and cause a 42‐bp truncation in the first exon of TNNC2‐201, leading to increased expression of TNNC2‐201. Polymorphism of the two indel variants is associated with the average backfat thickness (p = 3.16 × 10−3), pH value 24 h post‐slaughter (p = 4.31 × 10−4), intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p = 1.54 × 10−2), and myofiber cross‐sectional area (p = 2.86 × 10−2) of longissimus dorsi in a population of 425 Duroc (♂) × Luchuan (♀) pigs. In an independent population of 1,304 commercial hybrid pigs, we further confirmed that it is associated with the IMF content (p = 1.75 × 10−4), pH value 45 min post‐slaughter (p = 6.34 × 10−3), and drip loss (p = 2.88 × 10−2) of the longissimus dorsi muscle. An increased frequency of the mutant allele is linked to increased IMF content, smaller myofibers, and a relatively moderate pH value. Furthermore, we detected a mutant allele frequency of 96.67% in Luchuan pigs and 86.67% in Tongcheng pigs, whereas the frequency was 0.91% in Duroc pigs, 2.04% in Landrace pigs, and 0% in Yorkshire and Pietrain pigs, indicating its opposing distributions in lean‐type and Chinese local pig breeds. The present results establish coupled indel variants of TNNC2 as a novel molecular marker for meat quality improvement.
Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in kinkajou (Potos flavus– Schreber, 1774)
Authors: Enciso García Liz Melissa , Vélez García Juan Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe kinkajou (Potos flavus) is a carnivoran adapted for arboreal quadrupedal locomotion along with a prehensile tail. The thoracic limb bones and muscles of this species have been studied, but the knowledge about its nerves is still scarce. This knowledge is necessary to perform several veterinary procedures, and to review the differences among carnivoran species. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus inPotos flavus. Thereby, both brachial plexuses of five specimens were dissected (10). Seven plexuses originated from C6‐T2 (70%), whilst three plexuses originated from C5‐T2 (30%). Additionally, C6 and C7 formed two cranial trunks, and C8, T1 and T2 formed two caudal trunks. All nerves from the brachial plexus that have been reported in carnivorans were successfully located. In addition, we found one nerve reaching the teres major muscle originating directly from the brachial plexus and not from the axillary nerve as reported in other carnivorans. The brachiocephalic nerve was found partially innervating the cleidobrachialis muscle (50%), but this muscle always was innervated by the axillary nerve. Moreover, one to three subscapular nerves were found, and the musculocutaneous nerve formed two communicating branches (proximal and distal) to the median nerve. However, the distal communicating branch of the musculocutaneous nerve was absent in two specimens (40%). In conclusion, the brachial plexus ofP. flavuswas differentiated mainly with other carnivorans by a higher contribution from T2, formations of trunks, and one independent nerve to the teres major muscle.
rhADAMTS13 reduces oxidative stress by cleaving VWF in ischaemia/reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhou Suhan , Guo Jie , Liao Xinxin , Zhou Qin , Qiu Xingyu , Jiang Shan , Xu Nan , Wang Xiaohua , Zhao Liang , Hu Weipeng , Xie Lanyu , Xie Peng , Cui Yu , Yang Yi , Patzak Andreas , Persson Pontus B. , Mao Jianhua , Lai En Yin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsAcute kidney injury (AKI), a major health burden, lacks effective therapy. Anti‐inflammatory actions of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif member 13 (ADAMTS13) may provide a new treatment option for AKI. Along with inflammation, oxidative stress is critical for AKI development, yet the impact of ADAMTS13 on oxidative stress in AKI remains to be fully elucidated.MethodsWe assess recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13) actions on oxidative stress in a murine ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) model. Antioxidant stress‐enzyme activities, renal morphology, kidney function markers and vascular function of isolated afferent arterioles are quantified.ResultsrhADAMTS13 provided after IR, reduces blood urea nitrogen (BUN) by 33% and serum creatinine (Scr) by 73% in 24 hours post‐IR. rhADAMTS13 reduces BUN (40.03 ± 20.34 mmol/L vs 72.35 ± 18.74 mmol/L, P < .01), Scr (75.67 ± 51.19 μmol/L vs 176.17 ± 55.38 μmol/L, P < .01) and proteinuria by 41% in 48 hours post‐IR as well. Moreover, rhADAMTS13 administration decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) and increases the activity of antioxidant stress enzymes, and attenuates reactive oxygen species production. rhADAMTS13 also upregulates nuclear factor‐erythroid‐2‐related factor 2/haem oxygenase‐1, enhances antioxidant enzymes activity and alleviates endothelial dysfunction. Finally, treatment with rhADAMTS13 mitigates severe functional and morphological injury present in IR mice. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation is limited by rhADAMTS13 and PPARγ expression is partly restored in ischaemic kidneys. Co‐administration of von Willebrand factor (VWF) impairs rhADAMTS13’s antioxidant capacity and its protective role in IR.ConclusionrhADAMTS13 alleviates renal IR injury through antioxidant effects by cleaving VWF.
Liver‐related and extrahepatic events in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective competing risks analysis
Authors: Pennisi Grazia , Enea Marco , Romero‐Gomez Manuel , Viganò Mauro , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Wong Vincent W.‐S. , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Sebastiani Giada , Boursier Jerome , Berzigotti Annalisa , Eslam Mohammed , Ampuero Javier , Benmassaoud Amine , La Mantia Claudia , Mendoza Yuly P. , George Jacob , Craxì Antonio , Camma' Calogero , de Ledinghen Victor , Petta Salvatore 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackground & AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and especially fibrotic non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, is associated with high risks of liver‐related events (LRE) and extrahepatic events (EHE). We evaluated the competitive risk occurrence of LRE and EHE in a large cohort of biopsy‐proven NAFLD stratified according to baseline severity of fibrosis.MethodsTwo thousand one hundred thirty‐five patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were enrolled. Observed cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) were used to evaluate the risk of LRE and EHE; cause‐specific Cox model and predicted CIFs were fitted to identify predictors of LRE and EHE. A replication cohort of NAFLD patients with liver fibrosis severity estimated by liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography was also enrolled.ResultsObserved CIFs indicated that the 60‐month probabilities of LRE and EHE were 0.2% and 3% in F0‐F1, 2% and 3.8% in F2 and 9.7% and 6.4% in F3‐F4 patients, respectively. The cause‐specific Cox model indicated that in F0‐F1 and F2 patients, age > 50 years (HR 2.7) was the only predictor of LRE, while age > 50 years (HR 2.96), previous cardiovascular events (CVE, HR 2.07), and previous extra‐hepatic cancer (HR 2.36) were independent risk factors for EHE. In F3‐F4 patients, age > 55 years (HR 1.73), obesity (HR 1.52), PLT < 150 000/mmc (HR 3.66) and log(GGT) (HR 1.77) were associated with LRE, while age > 55 years (HR 1.74) and previous CVE (HR 2.51) were independent predictors of EHE. Predicted CIFs for HE and EHE in F0‐F1, F2 and F3‐F4 patients stratified the risk of events. The results were externally replicated.ConclusionThe likelihood of EHE in NAFLD patients is relevant and increases according to the severity of liver fibrosis, while the risk of LRE is negligible in F0‐F1, low but clinically relevant in F2 and high in F3‐F4 patients.
Using nonhuman culture in conservation requires careful and concerted action
Authors: Carvalho Susana , Wessling Erin G. , Abwe Ekwoge E. , Almeida‐Warren Katarina , Arandjelovic Mimi , Boesch Christophe , Danquah Emmanuel , Diallo Mamadou Saliou , Hobaiter Catherine , Hockings Kimberley , Humle Tatyana , Ikemeh Rachel Ashegbofe , Kalan Ammie K. , Luncz Lydia , Ohashi Gaku , Pascual‐Garrido Alejandra , Piel Alex , Samuni Liran , Soiret Serge , Sanz Crickette , Koops Kathelijne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiscussions of how animal culture can aid the conservation crisis are burgeoning. As scientists and conservationists working to protect endangered species, we call for reflection on how the culture concept may be applied in practice. Here, we discuss both the potential benefits and potential shortcomings of applying the animal culture concept, and propose a set of achievable milestones that will help guide and ensure its effective integration existing conservation frameworks, such as Adaptive Management cycles or Open Standards.
Adverse psychocutaneous effects of prescription stimulant use and abuse: A systematic review
Authors: Moattari Cameron R. , França Katlein 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAlthough rare, psychocutaneous disorders induced by prescription stimulants have been reported throughout the literature. A systematic review was conducted to identify all case reports and case series of prescription stimulant‐induced trichotillomania, tactile hallucinations, and delusional infestation. A total of 22 case reports were identified and relevant information was analyzed. Patients presenting with trichotillomania and tactile hallucinations induced by prescription stimulants were typically pediatric male patients being treated for attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder. Symptoms resolved after discontinuation of the offending medication. Patients presenting with delusional infestation secondary to stimulant use or abuse were typically adults who were misusing or abusing stimulant medication. Although symptoms typically improved or resolved after decreasing or discontinuing medication, several patients required the use of antipsychotic medication. While the observational nature of case reports and small number of patients limits meaningful analysis of trends and comparison, this study demonstrates that physicians, especially dermatologists and psychiatrists, should be aware of the potential for prescription stimulants to precipitate adverse psychocutaneous disorders in a minority of individuals.
What are the kids doing? Exploring young children's activities at home and relations with externally cued executive function and child temperament
Authors: Stucke Nicole J. , Stoet Gijsbert , Doebel Sabine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractYoung children spend a lot of time at home, yet there is little empirical research on how they spend that time and how it relates to developmental outcomes. Prior research suggests less‐structured time—where children practice making choices and setting goals—may develop self‐directed executive function in 6‐year‐olds. But less‐structured time may be related to executive function for other reasons—for example, because it provides opportunities to acquire conceptual knowledge relevant to using executive function on tasks. We thus tested the possibility that less‐structured time is also related to younger children's externally cued executive function. In this remote online study, caregivers of 93 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds indicated the amount of time their child was typically spending in various activities while at home during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Activities were categorized as structured (primarily lessons with specific goals defined by adults or an app), less‐structured (wide range of activities permitting choice and interaction with caregiver), passive (e.g., watching TV or videos), and primarily physical (e.g., bike riding). Children's externally cued executive function was assessed via the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS). Time and variety in less‐structured activities were related to successful switching on the DCCS, controlling for age, family income, caregiver education, and verbal knowledge. Caregivers were more involved in less‐structured versus structured activities. Caregiver ratings of children's temperament were related to how children's time was spent. These findings suggest several new avenues for studying young children's activities at home and their relations with developmental outcomes. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/3aGmpSnjuCs
How low is really low? Comparison of two C‐peptide assays to establish residual C‐peptide production in type 1 diabetes
Authors: de Leur Kitty , Vollenbrock Charlotte , Dekker Pim , de Vries Martine , Birnie Erwin , Mul Dick , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. , Groen Joost , Aanstoot Henk‐Jan , Boesten Lianne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionC‐peptide is an important marker to assess residual insulin production in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The accuracy and detection limits of C‐peptide assays are important to detect C‐peptide microsecretion and to reliably observe changes over time in these people. We compared and verified two commercially available assays able to measure C‐peptide in the picomolar range.MethodsThe ultrasensitive Mercodia enzyme‐linked immunosorbent C‐peptide assay (ELISA) was compared with the Beckman immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for C‐peptide, assessing reproducibility (coefficient of variation [CV]), limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantitation (LoQ).ResultsFor both assays within‐run and between‐run variation were high at the low (around the detection limit) C‐peptide concentration range, with CVs of around 40%. LoB values for the ultrasensitive ELISA and the IRMA were 1.3 and 0.16 pmol/L respectively. LoD values were 2.4 and 0.54 pmol/L respectively. LoQ values were 9.7 and 3.8 pmol/L respectively. Only the IRMA met the specifications claimed by the manufacturer.ConclusionsThe IRMA provided the lowest threshold for quantification of serum C‐peptide. LoQ of commercially available assays should be established in‐house before applying them in research studies and clinical trials in which low C‐peptide levels have clinical or scientific relevance.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists as adjunctive treatment for type 1 diabetes: Renewed opportunities through tailored approaches?
Authors: Kobayati Alessandra , Haidar Ahmad , Tsoukas Michael A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExogenous insulin has been the mainstay treatment for individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although there has been tremendous growth in both pharmacological and technological advancements, insulin monotherapy has proven to be insufficient for maintaining optimal glycaemic targets for most adults with T1D. At present, there is still no breakthrough for the treatment of T1D. Adjunctive pharmacotherapies might therefore complement insulin management to achieve better glycaemic control, while possibly offering additional benefits. Recent interest in re‐purposing glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs), a leading antihyperglycaemic medication class approved for type 2 diabetes, has prompted the field to seek extended potential for the T1D population. The adjunctive use of GLP‐1RAs has been at the forefront of T1D research, albeit with some conflicting trial findings to date. However, the potential of GLP‐1 agonism for T1D may have been underestimated, possibly from missed opportunities or categorized effects. Moreover, some GLP‐1RAs have demonstrated extra‐pancreatic potential with emerging multi‐organ protection involving the heart, kidneys, liver and brain in varied cohorts, which may bode well for the growing T1D profile of comorbid complications. This narrative review aims to summarize and critically appraise the current evidence‐based literature from large‐scale randomized controlled trials and closed‐loop system pilot studies that examined GLP‐1RAs as adjunctive therapy for T1D. Furthermore, we outline uncharted opportunities with GLP‐1 agonism using versatile approaches in selected T1D populations that may inspire and re‐direct future research in this field.
Wealth inequality in pre‐industrial Europe: What role did associational organizations have?
Authors: van Bavel Bas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA host of studies on wealth inequality in pre‐industrial Europe has recently been published. Out of these, a narrative emerges of rising inequality in a context of emerging markets and growing state taxation, punctuated by calamities. By surveying the available material, this article highlights an element that is less systematically discussed in this literature: the role of associational organizations. They developed less regressive forms of taxation and redistribution, embedded the transfer and use of land and capital in coordination systems that curtailed accumulation, and sometimes even imposed maximums of wealth ownership. The article tentatively argues that the resulting downward effect on wealth inequality was found most conspicuously in societies where associations of middling groups of owners‐producers held strong positions in economic and political life, even despite the exclusive character of their organizations. Such societies were gradually eroded in the early modern period, most notably as a result of the emergence of factor markets and state centralization, and the associated processes of proletarianization and scale enlargement. This did not happen without opposition and conflict, however, as the process was sometimes halted and showed distinct geographical patterns, which in turn influenced patterns of wealth inequality.