bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiocarbon Dating of the Nyixoi Chongco Rock Avalanche, Southern Tibet: Search for Signals of Seismic Shaking and Hydroclimatic Events
Authors: Ha Guanghao , Liu Feng , Cai Maotang , Pei Junling , Yao Xin , Li Lingjing 
Published: February 2022

Landslides are important agents of the surface processes involved in the growth of mountainous topography. Dating prehistoric landslides is a prerequisite for establishing the relationships between prehistoric slope instability, and past climatic regimes and paleoseismic records. The Nyixoi Chongco rock avalanche (NCRA) is located in the Angang graben within the N–S trending rift zone in southern Tibet. It represents a giant prehistoric mass wasting event that was characterized by exceptional mobility and a large volume. However, the exact emplacement time and origin of the NCRA are still controversial. In this study, we conducted 14C dating of peat layers and snail shells to constrain the emplacement age of the NCRA. The 14C ages of the organic material and plant remnants in the basal peat layer are 1272–1389 and 1299–1404 cal AD, respectively. The 14C ages of aquatic snail shells and the bog overlying the rock avalanche are 425–565 and 1022–159 cal AD, respectively. These results indicate that the NCRA consisted of at least two separate and distinct events, instead of the single event suggested by previous studies. Based on field investigations and temporal correlations, we infer that there may be no paleoseismic records in the Angang graben that would corroborate a coseismic trigger for the NCRA. Therefore, we suggest that the 14C ages of the sediments below and above the landslide rocks should be interpreted carefully. The 14C ages alone do not provide sufficient evidence to infer the true trigger of the NCRA event.
Metformin Downregulates the Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Independent of Lowering Blood Glucose in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Wei-Ming , Yang Si-Si , Shao Shu-Hui , Nie Huan-Quan , Zhang Jing , Su Tong 
Published: February 2022

PurposeType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the risk factors for the occurrence and development of cancer. Metformin is a potential anticancer drug. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC), but the relationship between metformin and EGFR expression in OSCC remains unclear.MethodsThis study involved the immunohistochemical detection of EGFR expression in cancer tissues of patients with T2DM and OSCC. The patients were divided into groups according to whether they were taking metformin for the treatment of T2DM, and the expression of EGFR in different groups was compared. Correlation analysis between the expression of EGFR and the fluctuation value of fasting blood glucose (FBG) was carried out. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EGFR in cancer tissues of patients with recurrent OSCC. These patients had normal blood glucose and took metformin for a long time after the first operation.ResultsEGFR expression in T2DM patients with OSCC taking metformin was significantly lower than that in the non-metformin group. FBG fluctuations were positively correlated with the expression of EGFR in the OSCC tissues of the non-metformin group of T2DM patients. In patients with recurrent OSCC with normal blood glucose, metformin remarkably reduced the expression of EGFR in recurrent OSCC tissues.ConclusionMetformin may regulate the expression of EGFR in a way that does not rely on lowering blood glucose. These results may provide further evidence for metformin in the treatment of OSCC.
High Remnant Cholesterol Level Potentiates the Development of Hypertension
Authors: Chen Ming-Ming , Huang Xuewei , Xu Chengsheng , Song Xiao-Hui , Liu Ye-Mao , Yao Dongai , Lu Huiming , Wang Gang , Zhang Gui-Lan , Chen Ze , Sun Tao , Yang Chengzhang , Lei Fang , Qin Juan-Juan , Ji Yan-Xiao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Zhu Lihua , Cai Jingjing , Wan Feng , She Zhi-Gang , Li Hongliang 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests an association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and vascular damage and hypertension. However, this association has not been explored in a large-scale population in China, and a temporal relationship between RC and hypertension also needs to be investigated.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in 2,199,366 individuals and a longitudinal study in 24,252 individuals with repeated measurements of lipid profile and blood pressure in at least a 3-year follow-up. The logistic model was used to explore the association between lipid components and hypertension in the cross-sectional analysis. The Cox model was used to analyze the association between high RC (HRC) at baseline and the subsequent incidence of hypertension or the association between hypertension at baseline and incidence of HRC. The cross-lagged panel model was applied to analyze the temporal relationship between RC and hypertension.ResultsRC level as a continuous variable had the highest correlation with hypertension among lipid profiles, including RC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, with an odds ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.58–1.59). In the longitudinal cohort, HRC at baseline was associated with incident hypertension. We further explored the temporal relationship between RC and hypertension using the cross-lagged analysis, and the results showed that RC increase preceded the development of hypertension, rather than vice versa.ConclusionsRC had an unexpected high correlation with the prevalence and incidence of hypertension. Moreover, RC increase might precede the development of hypertension, suggesting the potential role of RC in the development of hypertension.
Fast and Easy Nanopore Sequencing Workflow for Rapid Genetic Testing of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Soufi Muhidien , Bedenbender Simon , Ruppert Volker , Kurt Bilgen , Schieffer Bernhard , Schaefer Juergen R. 
Published: February 2022

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant lipid metabolism disorder characterized by severely elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The disease is caused by mutations in 3 genes (LDLR,APOBandPCSK9) while over 90% of the mutations are located within theLDLRgene. Thus, genetic analysis of theLDLRgene is the first step in the genetic diagnosis of FH. However, conventional methods like Sanger and NextGen sequencing are still costly and time-consuming. In contrast, Oxford Nanopore technology sequencing is an emerging third-generation sequencing technology featured by easy operability, low cost, small size and the capability of parallel sample sequencing. Here, we present an easy Nanopore-sequencing-based workflow for the rapid genetic testing of FH taking only 3 days and costing less than $50 per sample without the requirement for deep bioinformatic knowledge. Using our workflow, we were able to identify the underlying pathogenic variants of 10 FH patients including one novel, not yet recorded pathogenic variants. Our workflow allows the rapid evaluation of the pathogenic variants by utilizing detailed variant information from Ensembl. Additionally, our workflow is not restricted to sequencing theLDLRgene alone but can be easily adapted to the other FH-causing genes and more importantly, to any desired gene contributing to any hereditary disease. Therefore, our workflow is an attractive opportunity for every diagnostic laboratory to offer fast and easy in-house genetic diagnostics.
Exploring Alternative Measurements of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Mild Ischemic Stroke at Acute Phase
Authors: Qu Qingming , Zhu Jie , Wang Hewei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yongli , Yan Zhijie , Fan Qiwei , Wang Yuanyuan , He Ying , Yao Liqing , Xu Lijuan , Zhang Chao , Jia Jie 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWhile emerging studies have suggested an association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with stroke risk and overall health outcomes, little is known regarding the optimum methods of CRF measurement in patients with mild acute ischemic stroke.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the association between the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and other measurements related to CRF in patients with mild ischemic stroke at the acute stage.MethodsA total of 30 patients with stroke and 71 healthy subjects matched for age and grip strength (GS) were prospectively recruited. All patients were within 14 days after stroke onset and presented mild motor impairment (with a full score of Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment). Demographic data of both groups and clinical information of the stroke group were documented, and the CRF comparison between the two groups was conducted. Each participant underwent a one-time assessment of 6MWD and a series of measurements related to CRF, including GS, 10-m walk test (10mWT), five-times sit-to-stand time (FTSST), functional reaching test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and waistline. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient test and multiple linear regression were performed to explore the indicators of CRF.ResultsSignificant moderate correlations (0.3 &lt;r&lt;0.6) were found between 6MWD and GS of left hand (GS-left) (r= 0.573,p= 0.001), GS of right hand (GS-right) (r= 0.524,p= 0.003), FTSST (r= −0.551,p= 0.002), 10mWT (r= 0.554,p= 0.001), and FRT (r= 0.449,p= 0.021) in the patient group. While 6MWD displayed significant moderate correlations with waistline (r= 0.364,p= 0.002), 10mWT (r= 0.512,p&lt; 0.001), FTSST (r= −0.573,p&lt; 0.001), and FRT (r= 0.550,p&lt; 0.001) in the healthy group. All these dependent variables were entered into a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate their values in estimating CRF as measured by 6MWD in each group. Analyses suggested that GS-left (p= 0.002) and FTSST (p= 0.003) were the indicators of CRF in the patient group with stroke and explained 51.4% of the variance of 6MWD (R2= 0.514); FTSST (p&lt; 0.001), 10mWT (p&lt; 0.001), and FRT (p= 0.021) were the indicators of CRF in the healthy group and explained 58.9% of variance of 6MWD (R2= 0.589).ConclusionsOur data confirmed that CRF is impaired in patients with mild ischemic stroke at the acute phase. Moreover, GS-left may be an optional indicator of CRF in patients with mild acute ischemic stroke, but not in healthy people.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2000031379.
The Diagnostic Performance of Maximum Uptake Value and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian or Adnexal Masses: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Xianwen , Liang Zhigang , Zhang Chuanqin , Wang Guanlian , Cai Jiong , Wang Pan 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide evidence for using maximum uptake value (SUVmax) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to quantitatively differentiate benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal masses, and to indirectly compare their diagnostic performance.Material and MethodsThe association between SUVmax, ADC and ovarian or adnexal benign and malignant masses was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until October 1, 2021. Two authors independently extracted the data. Studies included in the analysis were required to provide data for the construction of a 2 × 2 contingency table to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SUVmax or ADC in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal masses. The quality of the enrolled studies was evaluated by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) instrument, and the meta-analysis was conducted using Stata software version 14.0. Forest plots were generated according to the sensitivity and specificity of SUVmax and ADC, and meta-regression analysis was further used to assess heterogeneity between studies.ResultsA total of 14 studies were finally included in this meta-analysis by gradually excluding duplicate literatures, conference abstracts, guidelines, reviews, case reports, animal studies and so on. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of SUVmax for quantitative differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal masses were 0.88 and 0.89, respectively, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity for ADC were 0.87 and 0.80, respectively.ConclusionQuantitative SUVmax and ADC values have good diagnostic performance in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal masses, and SUVmax has higher accuracy than ADC. Future prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed for the analysis of the role of SUVmax and ADC in the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal masses.
Sintilimab Plus Bevacizumab Biosimilar Versus Sorafenib as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Peng Ye , Zeng Xiaohui , Peng Liubao , Liu Qiao , Yi Lidan , Luo Xia , Li Sini , Wang Liting , Qin Shuxia , Wan Xiaomin , Tan Chongqing 
Published: February 2022

Objective: The ORIENT-32 clinical trial revealed that sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar significantly improved the median progression-free survival and median overall survival (OS) compared with sorafenib. This analysis evaluated the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar as a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma from the Chinese perspective of healthcare system.Materials and methods: A Markov model with three mutual health states was constructed to evaluate the economic outcome of sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar. The model cycle was 21 days, and the simulation time horizon was a lifetime. The output parameters of the model were the total cost, life-year (LY), quality-adjusted LY (QALY), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results.Results: The base-case results found that sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar provided an improvement of 1.27 QALYs and 1.84 LYs compared with sorafenib, and the ICER was $23,352/QALY. The hazard ratio for OS had the greatest influence on the ICER. The probability of sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar was 85% at willingness-to-pay thresholds of $30,552/QALY.Conclusion: The findings of this analysis suggested that sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar was a cost-effective first-line therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Whether Patients With Stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ Colorectal Cancer Benefit From Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Modeling Analysis of Literature Aggregate Data
Authors: Zha Sijie , Li Ting , Zheng Qingshan , Li Lujin 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study used model analysis to clarify the benefits and risks of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy compared with surgery alone in patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer.Methods: Clinical trials involving patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer who underwent surgery alone or those who received post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy were searched in the PubMed and embase databases. By establishing a survival model, the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients who underwent surgery alone or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were quantitatively analyzed to compare the differences between the two. In addition, the incidence of grade 3/4 adverse reactions in the adjuvant chemotherapy group was analyzed using the random effects model in the single-arm meta-analysis.Results: A total of 34 studies containing 33,069 patients were included in the analysis. This study found that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can effectively improve the OS and DFS of patients with colorectal cancer. The median OS of the adjuvant chemotherapy group and the surgery-only group was 118.8 months (95% CI: 96.6, 146.6) and 74.6 months (95% CI: 57.8, 96.1) respectively; and median DFS was 86.3 months (95% CI: 67.6, 110.6) and 40.8 months (95% CI: 23.7, 69.6) in the adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery-only groups, respectively. Common grade 3/4 adverse reactions in the adjuvant chemotherapy group include diarrhea, stomatitis, leukopenia, and nausea or vomiting, with an incidence of approximately 3%–6%.Conclusion: Patients with mid-stage colorectal cancer can benefit significantly from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. This study provides the necessary quantitative information for decision-making regarding the benefits and risks of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after resection in patients with colorectal cancer.
Medical Correction of Sleep Disorders and Dependence on Sleeping Pills and Sedatives
Authors: Тарасевич Е.В. 
Published: February 2022

Нарушение сна - распространенная проблема, с которой сталкиваются люди любых возрастных категорий. Лечение расстройств сна проводится комплексно, включает назначение медикаментов разных групп, в том числе снотворных. Однако их самостоятельный бесконтрольный прием, неправильный выбор препарата, его доз, кратности и продолжительности применения провоцируют другую проблему - зависимость, которая развивается постепенно, от нескольких недель, месяцев до нескольких лет. Избавиться от зависимости самостоятельно очень сложно. Лечение, которое применяется при зависимости от седативных и снотворных средств, направлено на снятие абстинентного синдрома, постепенное сокращение дозы препарата, на фоне которого развилась зависимость; замещение лекарства на препарат, не вызывающий привыкания, например, противосудорожные препараты из группы габапентиноидов, которые положительно влияют на уменьшение тяжести расстройств сна и соматических симптомов. Прегабалин может быть рекомендован в качестве медикаментозной коррекции нарушений сна и зависимости от седативных и снотворных препаратов у пациентов в условиях первичной медицинской практики.
Sleep disorder is a common problem faced by people of all age categories. Treatment of sleep disorders is carried out comprehensively, including the prescription of medications of different groups, including sleeping pills. However, their independent uncontrolled intake, wrong choice of the drug, its doses, frequency and duration of use provoke other problems - dependence, which develops gradually, from several weeks, months to several years. Getting rid of addiction on one’s own is very difficult. The treatment, which is used for dependence on sedatives and hypnotics, is aimed at relieving withdrawal syndrome by gradually reducing the dose of the drug, on the background of which the dependence has developed; replacing the drug with another one that is not addictive, for example, anticonvulsants from the gabapentinoid group, which positively affects the reduction of the severity of sleep disorders and somatic symptoms. Pregabalin can be recommended for medical correction of sleep disorders and dependence on sedatives and hypnotics in patients in primary medical practice.
Partecipazione alle primarie dell'Unione
Authors: Cuturi Vittoria , Gozzo Simona , Sampugnaro Rossana , Tomaselli Verena 
Published: February 2022

L’alto grado di mobilitazione è il vero elemento di novità e di interesse delle primarie dell’Unione. Se è vera l’ipotesi che esse abbiano coinvolto una quota di elettori, al di là delle capacità di mobilitazione delle strutture di partito e collaterali, è verosimile considerare l’elevata affluenza come espressione della volontà di ‘sentirsi parte’ di un progetto politico o quantomeno di manifestare approvazione verso questa nuova modalità di coinvolgimento. I non iscritti e i non attivisti hanno avuto, sicuramente, bisogno di un surplus di motivazione per sostenere i costi di una doppia partecipazione (alle primarie ed alle elezioni formali).
Nell’incertezza sul grado di affluenza alle primarie del 16 ottobre e nella convinzione che queste avrebbero coinvolto soprattutto gli elettori più attivi e a diverso titolo impegnati politicamente, abbiamo predisposto un questionario da somministrare all’uscita del seggio elettorale, dopo avere espletato tutte le procedure di voto. Le dimensioni prese in considerazione si possono associare sulla base di due interessi conoscitivi fondamentali: uno, relativo alle dimensioni qualitative e quantitative della partecipazione; l’altro, relativo alle motivazioni soggettive ed al significato attribuito alle primarie.
Scopo dell’indagine, con tutti i limiti derivanti da un progetto ambizioso e dall’utilizzo di una modalità di rilevazione poco controllabile, è stato quello di approfondire la conoscenza dei partecipanti alle primarie nazionali anche se, a giudizio di chi scrive, la tipologia di elettori emersa dal nostro lavoro di ricerca è, verosimilmente, solo in parte estensibile a primarie di livello inferiore dotate di una più elevata competitività, nella misura in cui sifronteggiano solo due candidati di peso più o meno pari. In questi casi, la motivazione a partecipare perde il contenuto solidaristico e le primarie recuperano il senso proprio di strumento di selezione del candidato.
Regionali 2005: l'Unione sfonda, la Casa delle Libertà ripara nel Lombardo-veneto. Si tratta di critical election?
Authors: Di Virgilio Aldo 
Published: February 2022

Attese della vigilia e caratteristiche della proposta elettorale.
Quanto ha contato la partecipazione elettorale.
La competizione maggioritaria: i numeri di un esito omogeneo.
Il voto ai partiti: la rotta di Forza Italia, l'ambivalente risultato di Uniti nell'Ulivo.
Elezioni critiche.
REGARDING MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF “LABOR MECHANICAL INNETSITY”
Authors: Ревенко Н.Ф. , Загуляев Д.Г. 
Published: February 2022

Введение. В научных публикациях и других материалах для раскрытия отношений, характеризующих техническую оснащённость труда, на сегодняшний день используется показатель «механовооружённость труда». При этом различные авторы предлагают различные подходы к его измерению. Данные и методы. Проведен анализ измерителей механовооружённости труда, применяемых в научной литературе и других материалах, поскольку внедрение принципиально новой техники, модернизация традиционных средств производства, вызываемое ускорением научно-технического прогресса, непрерывно меняют материально-технические условия функционирования совокупной и индивидуальной рабочей силы и обусловливают необходимость использования измерителя, характеризующего непосредственно техническую сложность средств производства и не зависящего от влияния внешних факторов. Полученные результаты. Предлагается в качестве измерителя механовооружённости труда использовать «приведённые категории ремонтной сложности» оборудования - постоянную величину для оборудования данного типоразмера, которая может изменяться лишь в результате совершенствования или модернизации оборудования. Заключение. Использование предложенного измерителя позволит соизмерять уровень механовооружённости труда на предприятиях различных отраслей, поскольку основой его является квалиметрический показатель «категория ремонтной сложности» оборудования.
Introduction. “Mechanical equipment per employee” indicator is used nowadays in research papers and other publications to describe relationships that characterize “plant and machinery per employee”. All individual authors present various ideas as to how to measure it. Data and methods. We have analyzed various “plant and machinery per employee” indicators mentioned in research papers and other sources for one reason - because utilization of advanced equipment, upgrade of conventional means of production caused by acceleration in research and technical process are continuously impacting material-and-technical environment of functioning of aggregate and individual work-force and bring forth the need to use the indicator that directly describes the technical complexity of means of production and is not dependent upon any external factors. The results obtained. We propose to use the “reduced categories of repair complexity” (a constant value for a given size of equipment that is subject to change only if equipment has been improved or upgraded) as a “mechanical equipment per employee” indicator. Conclusion. The use of measurer suggested herein will allow to collate levels of labor mechanical intensity at enterprises of various industries because it is based upon is represented by qualimetric indicator “repair complexity category” of equipment.