bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optically powered gas monitoring system using single-mode fibre for underground coal mines
Authors: Chen Yingge , Silvestri Leonardo , Lei Xinyue , Ladouceur François 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present an optically powered, intrinsically safe gas monitoring system to measure four essential environmental gases (CH4, CO2, CO and O2), together with ambient temperature and pressure, for underground mines. The system is based on three key technologies developed at UNSW: (1) power-over-fibre (PoF) at 1550 nm using a single industry-standard, low-cost single-mode fibre (SMF) for both power delivery and information transmission, (2) liquid–crystal-based optical transducers for optical telemetry, and (3) ultra-low power consumption design of all electronics. Together, this approach allows each gas monitoring station to operate with less than 150 mW of optical power, meeting the intrinsic safety requirements specified by the IEC60079-28 standard. A 2-month field trial at BMA’s Broadmeadow underground mine proved the cabling compatibility to the mine’s existing optical network and the stability of the system performance. Compared with conventional electrically powered gas sensors, this technology bypasses the usual roadblocks of underground gas monitoring where electrical power is either unsafe or unavailable. Furthermore, using one fibre for both power delivery and communication enables longer distance coverage, reduces optical cabling and increases multiplexing possibilities and data throughput for better awareness of underground environment.
Advances of nanotechnologies for hydraulic fracturing of coal seam gas reservoirs: potential applications and some limitations in Australia
Authors: Marsden Hannah , Basu Sudeshna , Striolo Alberto , MacGregor Melanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome of the most promising potential applications of nanotechnology to hydraulic fracturing of coal seam gas (CSG) are reviewed with a focus on Australian CSG wells. Three propitious applications were identified: (1) Nanoparticle enhanced viscoelastic surfactants (VES) fracturing fluids to prevent fluid loss by up to 30%, made possible by the formation of pseudo-filter cakes and reducing the viscosity of the VES fluids. Besides, there is no requirement of clay control additives or biocides. (2) Nano-proppants to extend fracture networks and reduce proppant embedment by introducing them prior to the emplacement of larger proppants. Fly Ash nanoparticles can be particularly effective because of their high sphericity and mechanical strength. (3) Nanoparticle-coated proppants, to mitigate the migration of particle fines by restricting them close to their source by adsorption, with MgO being the most effective. The use of nanotechnology in hydraulic fracturing applications is currently hindered due to a discordant regulatory environment compounded by the cost of the nanoparticles themselves, as well as, a lack of field data to validate the technology under real downhole conditions. Although the necessary field tests are unlikely to be conducted for as long as abundant natural gas is available, exploratory studies could pave the way for future applications.
Graphical abstract
Origin and potential for overwintering of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) captured in an official survey in Germany
Authors: König Stephan , Steinmöller Silke , Baufeld Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCeratitis capitata (Wiedemann) is a polyphagous plant pest organism causing serious damage on more than 300 fruit types. Although the medfly is present in Europe, it is so far not established in Germany. In the years 2015–2017, an official survey was conducted by the German Federal Plant Protection Organisations to elucidate the current occurrence of this organism in Germany. While in 2015 only small numbers of flies were captured in traps situated in all German Federal States, a peak of 188 specimens could be trapped in 2016 with a decline to 29 specimens in 2017. Highest abundance of the fruit fly was detected in Southern Germany and at a single spot east of Berlin. The present study aimed to identify the origin of the trapped fruit flies and to assess the general potential of the species for overwintering in Germany. Using two approaches with cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), Sanger barcoding sequencing first and subsequent analysis of ten small simple repeat microsatellite loci from literature, the worldwide spread of C. capitata describing three phases could be retraced by analysing samples from Germany and 11 other countries. German and French populations were found to build the most recent stage of this species distribution. Specimens trapped in Germany obviously resulted from different introduction events. They most strongly resembled populations from France and Croatia but were not identical to these populations. We found strong evidence that specimens captured between 2016 and 2017 could not overwinter in Germany.
Scanning and Splicing Atom Lithography for Self-traceable Nanograting Fabrication
Authors: Deng Xiao , Tan Wen , Tang Zhaohui , Lin Zichao , Cheng Xinbin , Li Tongbao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtom lithography is a unique method to fabricate self-traceable pitch standards and angle standards, but extending its structure area to millimeter-level for application is challenging. In this paper, on the one hand, we put forward a new approach to fabricate a full-covered self-traceable Cr nanograting by inserting and scanning a Dove prism in the Gaussian beam direction of atom lithography. On the other hand, we extend the structure area along the standing-wave direction by splicing two-step atom deposition. Both nanostructures manufactured via scanning atom lithography and splicing atom lithography demonstrate good pitch accuracy, parallelism, continuity, and homogeneity, which opens a new way to fabricate centimeter-level full-covered self-traceable nanograting and lays the basis for the application of square ruler and optical encoders at the nanoscale.
Novel Asymptotic Solutions for the Planar Dynamical Motion of a Double-Rigid-Body Pendulum System Near Resonance
Authors: El-Sabaa F. M. , Amer T. S. , Gad H. M. , Bek M. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The planar dynamical motion of a double-rigid-body pendulum with two degrees-of-freedom close to resonance, in which its pivot point moves in a Lissajous curve has been addressed. In light of the generalized coordinates, equations of Lagrange have been used to construct the controlling equations of motion.

Methods
New innovative analytic approximate solutions of the governing equations have been accomplished up to higher order of approximation utilizing the multiple scales method. Resonance cases have been classified and the solvability conditions of the steady-state solutions have been obtained. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method has been utilized to gain the numerical solutions for the equations of the governing system.

Results
The history timeline of the acquired solutions as well as the resonance curves have been graphically displayed to demonstrate the positive impact of the various parameters on the motion. The comparison between the analytical and numerical solutions revealed great consistency, which confirms and reinforces the accuracy of the achieved analytic solutions.

Conclusions
The non-linear stability analysis of these solutions have been examined and discussed, in which the stability and instability areas have been portrayed. All resonance cases and a combination of them have been examined. The archived results are considered as generalization of some previous works that are related to one rigid body and for fixed pendulum’s pivot point.
Revolutionen in der Weltgeschichte – Weltgeschichte der Revolutionen
Authors: Lundgreen Christoph 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungSaïd Amir Arjomands Buch „Revolution“ ist ebenso interessant wie eigenwillig. Der Autor entwirft eine neue Typologie der Revolutionen und entwickelt dafür den Typus der sogenannten „integrativen Revolutionen“, welche, anders als klassische Typen, nicht von zentralisierten Staatswesen ausgehen, sondern ihrerseits erst dazu führen – und solcherart auch für die Vormoderne Anwendung finden können. Durchgespielt wird dies an einem groß angelegten Durchgang von Beispielen, die von Sargon von Akkad im 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. bis zu den Mongolen im 13. Jahrhundert n. Chr. reichen. Dass ein solches Vorhaben ebenso viele Widersprüche herausfordert wie Erkenntnisse erbringt, kann nicht überraschen; ersteres bezieht sich auf Kritik an historischen Details und Fragen der Methode, letzteres vor allem auf die immer wieder durchscheinende und mit herkömmlichen Narrationslinien vielfach verwobene Geschichte Persiens/Irans.
False Negative ECG Device Results May Increase the Risk of Adverse Events in Clinical Oncology Trials
Authors: Dekie Luc , Kleiman Robert B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Sites participating in clinical trials may not have the expertise and infrastructure to accurately measure cardiac intervals on 12-lead ECGs and rely heavily on the automated ECG device generated results for clinical decision-making.

Methods
Using a dataset of over 260,000 ECGs collected in clinical oncology studies, we investigated the mean difference and the rate of false negative results between the digital ECG machine QTc and QRS measurements compared to those obtained by a centralized ECG core lab.

Results
The mean differences between the core lab and the automated algorithm QTcF and QRS measurements were + 1.8 ± 16.0 ms and − 1.0 ± 8.8 ms, respectively. Among the ECGs with a centralized QTcF value > 450 or > 470 ms, 39.5% and 47.8% respectively had a device reported QTcF value ≤ 450 ms or ≤ 470 ms. Among the ECGs with a centrally measured QTcF > 500 ms, 55.8% had a device reported value ≤ 500 ms. Automated QTcF measurements failed to detect a QTcF increase > 60 ms for 53.9% of the ECGs identified by the core lab. Automated measurements also failed to detect QRS prolongation, though to a lesser extent than failures to detect QTc prolongation. Among the ECGs with a centrally measured QRS > 110 or 120 ms, 7.9% and 7.3% respectively had a device reported QRS value ≤ 110 ms or ≤ 120 ms.

Conclusion
Relying on automated measurements from ECG devices for patient inclusion and treatment (dis)continuation decisions poses a potential risk to patients participating in oncology studies.
A Composite Endpoint for Acceptability Evaluation of Oral Drug Formulations in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Wargenau Manfred , Reidemeister Sibylle , Klingmann Ingrid , Klingmann Viviane 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
A medicine’s acceptability is likely to have significant impact on pediatric adherence. The importance is underlined in EMA and FDA guidance on this topic where investigation of acceptability is stated as a regulatory expectation. Demonstrating acceptability can be challenging given there is no globally recognized definition and no standardized testing methodology or assessment criteria. Palatability and swallowability are generally recognized as important elements of acceptability, and this work proposes a definition of acceptability using these elements to give a composite endpoint for acceptability for pediatric subjects across all age ranges.

Methods
This composite acceptability endpoint is based on validated assessment methods for swallowability and palatability in children of different age groups using different galenic placebo formulations, in line with criteria proposed by EMA for assessing acceptability in children from newborn to 18 years of age. Data from two studies investigating mini-tablets, oblong tablets, orodispersible films, and syrup were analyzed to establish the validity, expediency, and applicability of the suggested composite acceptability assessment tool.

Results
The new composite endpoint is an efficient and suitable way to distinguish preferences of oral formulations: Mini-tablets and oblong tablets had significantly better acceptability than syrups and orodispersible films.

Conclusion
Since the suggested acceptability criteria takes both swallowability and palatability into account as composite endpoint, it is highly sensitive to detect acceptability differences between oral formulations. It is a well-defined valid approach, which meets regulatory requirements in an appropriate and comprehensive manner and may in future serve as a pragmatic, standardized method to assess and compare acceptability of pediatric formulations with active substances.
Evidence of the ionization instability and ion acoustic turbulence correlation in sub-ampere hollow cathodes
Authors: Potrivitu George-Cristian , Xu Shuyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasma instabilities in the plume of hollow cathodes have been extensively researched in particular for high-current operation. The rise of plume mode ionization-like instability leads to a degradation of cathode’s performance along with the emergence of highly energetic ions that can produce sputtering of various cathode’s surfaces. Numerical simulations using 2D fluid or hybrid codes brought forward an interesting correlation between the evolution of ion acoustic turbulence (IAT) and emergence of plume mode oscillations. Such numerical findings were proven to be true by experimental measurements of wave dispersion and plume mode-IAT correlation in the plume of cathodes emitting currents >10 A. This study brings forward evidence of the correlation between plume mode oscillations and IAT in the plume of low-current cathodes operating with Kr at sub-ampere current levels. It is shown that at <1 A the plume mode instability is highly correlated with the IAT and the anomalous electron collision drives the electron transport in the cathode plume. The fluctuations in IAT wave energy lead to large temperature oscillations which then drive fluctuations in the density via ionization.
Medium-term clinical efficacy and safety of single incision and modified trans-obturator mid-urethral slings for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Melon Jerome , Karjalainen Päivi K. , McGannon Claire , Lee Joseph K. , Rosamilia Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the medium term efficacy and safety of Altis and Solyx single incision slings (SIS) compared with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) Abbrevo trans-obturator sling. We hypothesize that both SIS show little difference in efficacy and safety and perform similarly to TVT Abbrevo.MethodsWe conducted an ambispective comparative cohort study of women with stress urinary incontinence who received a SIS in comparison to matched TVT Abbrevo subjects from a concurrent randomized controlled trial (RCT). Subjects were identified retrospectively, and prospectively invited for examination and questionnaires>12 months post-operatively. Exclusions included intrinsic sphincter deficiency, previous sling surgery, and others. Primary outcome was subjective cure [negative response to International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) question 6, leakage during coughing/activity]. Secondary outcomes include objective cure (negative cough stress test), functional outcomes, and adverse events.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2018, a total of 113 women received one of two SIS surgeries; Solyx (n ​= ​50) followed by the Altis (n ​= ​63); 104 were available for final efficacy analysis. Mean follow-up was 21.7 (Altis), 46.0 (Solyx), and 29.0 (Abbrevo) months. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. There was no significant differences in the subjective or objective cure rates between the groups, and no differences in functional outcomes such as patient global impression of improvement, and post-operative ICIQ-UI SF score. There was a low rate of mesh related complications and no differences seen between the groups.ConclusionsDespite being an underpowered study, Altis and Solyx SIS have favourable efficacy and safety profiles which are comparable to an established trans-obturator mid-urethral slings (MUS).
8 Finasteride-Associated Suicide and Depression in Men Treated for Hypogonadism and Impotence
Authors: Campbell K , Velazquez O , Sullivan J , Lipshultz L 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recent studies have investigated the use of finasteride in the management of alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Finding suggest significant increased reporting odds ratios (ROR) of suicidality and psychological adverse events in patients younger than 45. As alopecia and BPH are side effects of testosterone therapy, we sought to evaluate the ratio of adverse events in patients who were medically treated for hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ratio of adverse events in patients on finasteride who were also medically treated for hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction.

Methods
We surveyed VigiBase, the World Health Organization's global database of individual case safety reports to detect adverse reactions of interest reported with finasteride. These findings were stratified by patients also treated with testosterone, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), and a combination of the two. Reported adverse events were reported as anxiety disorder and symptoms, depressed mood disorders and disturbance, and suicidal and self injurious behaviors. The strength of association between these events and medications were demonstrated by ROR. Patients stratified by indication (BPH and alopecia) and age (&lt;45 and &gt;45 years). Case data were obtained in June of 2021 and analyzed from reporting year, age, sex, and indication.

Results
The VigiBase contained 611 reports of suicidality, 2352 reports of anxiety disorders and symptoms, and 2392 reports of depressed mood disorders and disturbances in finasteride users 3994 male [96.9%]; 844 of 3426 [24.6%] with data available aged 18-44 years. A significant disproportionality signal towards suicidality was increased in finasteride alone (ROR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.74-2.04). This signal was decreased when evaluated for the combination of finasteride and PDE5i (ROR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.12-0.39) and finasteride and testosterone (ROR 0.80; 95% CI 0.35-1.78). Combination finasteride with PDE5i demonstrated a decreased ROR in anxiety disorders (ROR 0.21; 95% CI 0.16-0.27) and in depressed mood disorders (ROR 0.25; 95% CI 0.19-0.33). Combination finasteride with testosterone also demonstrated a decreased ROR in anxiety disorders (ROR 1.25; 95% CI 0.89-1.76) and in depressed mood disorders (ROR 1.23; 95% CI 0.88-1.72).

Conclusions
RORs of suicidality and psychological adverse events were not elevated in patients with concomitant use of finasteride with testosterone. Moreover, RORs were decreased in patients with use of finasteride and PDE5i. This analysis suggests that treatment of a patient's underlying hypogonadism or sexual dysfunction may be protective in the use of finasteride for alopecia or BPH.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Abbie, American Medical Systems, Augmenta LLC, Clarus Therapeutics, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Lipocine, Vault Health
10 Creatinine: An Inaccurate Measure of Renal Function in Men with Testosterone-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Campbell K , Brunner B , Sullivan J , Velazquez O , Lipshultz L 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Renal function is often estimated using validated study equations and serum creatinine (Cr) as a filtration marker. Contemporary studies suggest that cystatin C may be used as a more accurate alternative to Cr, as it avoids limitations related to diet and muscle mass that affect Cr and predispose to an overdiagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Elite athletes are often noted to have an elevated body mass index (BMI) despite maintaining an overall favorable level of percent body fat (PBF) and fitness. This is due to an increase level of body muscle.

Objective
This study evaluates the relationship between Cr, cystatin C, BMI, and PBF in fitness and elite athlete populations.

Methods
Elite athletes presenting to a men's health tertiary referral center with muscle-induced hypertrophy were evaluated for renal function through serum levels of Cr and cystatin C. BMI and PBF were obtained through bioimpedance testing at the time of serum level determinations. Elite athletes were those identified as pursuing competition in professional or amateur sporting events. Cr and cystatin c were plotted for correlation in best fit models for percentage increments of BMI (“normal”, “overweight”, and “obese”) and PBF.

Results
A total of 228 elite athletes were identified and stratified by BMI and PBF (Figures 1,2). The majority of athletes were classified as “overweight” (n = 88) or “obese” (n = 129) per BMI. None of the BMI groups demonstrated a significant correlation between Cr and cystatin C levels (Figure 1). The obese cohort demonstrated increased levels of cystatin C (mean = 1.00337, P&lt;0.0001) compared with the overweight cohort (mean = 1.474462, p P&lt;0.0001). The majority of athletes maintained a PBF of 10-20% (n = 87). PBF did not demonstrate a significant correlation between Cr and cystatin C levels, with the PBF 20-30% cohort approaching moderate correlation (R2 = 0.49, p =&lt;0.0001).

Conclusions
Our study affirms that elite athletes maintain an increased BMI and low PBF. Hence, cystatin C may demonstrate a more accurate reflection of renal function in these patients, as Cr may be inaccurately elevated.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Abbie, American Medical Systems, Augmenta LLC, Clarus Therapeutics, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Lipocine, Vault Health
14 Erythrocytosis in Subcutaneous Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Williamson T , Trussler J , McCullough A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Intramuscular (IM) testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is commonly administered to treat symptomatic male hypogonadism and can result in improved libido, muscle strength, and bone density. However, as many as 40-66% of men receiving IM testosterone replacement therapy may develop erythrocytosis (hematocrit ≥53%), which can result in an increased risk of vascular complications including venous thromboembolic disease. In transgender men, subcutaneous (SC) injections of testosterone have been used with improvement in patient satisfaction while maintaining a similar testosterone exposure to IM injections. Additionally, SC testosterone has been shown to be more tolerable, with less pain during injection and increased potential for self-administration.

Objective
To evaluate the rate of erythrocytosis observed in cisgender male patients undergoing SC injection of testosterone cypionate in comparison to published rates in the literature with IM testosterone cypionate.

Methods
A retrospective review of cisgender male patients receiving SC testosterone replacement therapy between January 2021 and June 2021 was conducted. Patient charts were reviewed for testosterone dose, baseline hematocrit, baseline testosterone level, sex hormone binding globulin level prior to starting therapy, and the most recent hematocrit and testosterone levels. The rate of erythrocytosis was determined as well as the change in hematocrit from baseline.

Results
94 men were included in the cohort. 32% of men developed new-onset erythrocytosis while receiving SC testosterone cypionate. The average weekly dose of testosterone was similar between those receiving weekly and biweekly injections (100.76mg vs 111.2mg, p=0.27).

Conclusions
The SC administration of testosterone cypionate in men with symptomatic hypogonadism appears to result in a reduced rate of erythrocytosis compared with rates published in the literature for IM injection therapy. This may aid to decrease the risk of erythrocytosis and associated complications. Further study is warranted to confirm these findings in a prospective cohort.

Disclosure
No