bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the feasibility of deep-seabed mining of polymetallic nodules in the Area of seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as a method of alleviating supply-side issues for cobalt to US markets
Authors: Cunningham Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe growing importance of cobalt to the US economy has led to its categorisation as a critical mineral. Cobalt demand is increasing due to its requirement in lithium-ion batteries, which will significantly contribute to the energy transition. Supply is threatened for various reasons, primarily regarding supply chain concentrations, with the majority of the world’s cobalt originating in terrestrial deposits in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and being refined in China. There remain environmental and ethical concerns over the present supply chain. Previous discussions around reducing cobalt’s criticality have suggested diversifying processing locations to reduce geographical and jurisdictional reliance where possible. This study assesses the viability of extracting cobalt from polymetallic nodules (PMNs) located on the deep-seabed in the Area, as an alternative strategy to reduce cobalt’s criticality. Assessments are made of the viability of PMN extraction considering ongoing barriers to introduction, contrasted with current arguments supporting PMN extraction. PMN mining offers a more stable and decentralised alternative to current cobalt supply. There exist impediments to its introduction, notably potential environmental impacts, which remain poorly understood. Technical and political restrictions must also be overcome. It is argued that the wider environmental benefits of increased cobalt supply from PMN mining may offset its detrimental environmental impacts. It is suggested that PMN mining be used in a wider strategy to improve supply security of cobalt to US markets.
Numerical Simulations of Fuel Shape Change and Swirling Flows in Paraffin/Oxygen Hybrid Rocket Engines
Authors: Fabiani Marco , Gubernari Giorgio , Migliorino Mario Tindaro , Bianchi Daniele , Nasuti Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this work is to describe and validate a numerical axisymmetric approach for the simulation of hybrid rocket engines (HREs), based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, with sub-models for fluid–surface interaction, radiation, chemistry, and turbulence. Fuel grain consumption is considered on both radial and axial directions and both axial and swirl injection of the oxidizer are simulated. Firing tests of two different paraffin–oxygen hybrid rockets are considered. First, a numerical rebuilding of fuel grain profile, regression rate and pressure for axial-injected HREs is performed, yielding a reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. Then, the same numerical model is applied to swirl-injected HREs and employed to analyze both the flowfield and the regression rate variation with swirl intensity. A validation of the model through the rebuilding of small-scale firing tests is also performed.
Advancing equity and justice through community science programming in design, construction, and research of a nature-based solution: the Duwamish Floating Wetlands Project
Authors: Andrews Leann , Mocorro Powell Ashley D. , Rottle Nancy , Engelke Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDxwdəw refers to the Black-Green Rivers confluences that made the Duwamish River in Seattle, Washington, USA, prior to the 1910s. Significant industrial activity and human-made diversions to these rivers caused heavy pollution and eliminated 97% of historic wetlands, forever altering the historic river systems, salmon runs and human and aquatic health. Today the Green-Duwamish River and Duwamish Estuary are an industrial and commercial corridor, albeit also a site of cultural significance and fishing rights for urban Indigenous and Coast Salish tribes, and home and workplace to diverse urban populations of sustenance fishers, immigrants and refugees, communities of color, and low-income neighborhoods. Using a socio-ecological and environmental justice perspective within a nature-based solution, the Duwamish Floating Wetlands Project designed and piloted four constructed floating wetland structures for two years on the Duwamish River and researched their feasibility to provide habitat for out-migrating juvenile salmon. A multi-pronged community team (community leaders, liaisons, stewards and scientists) worked alongside academics and professionals. This paper showcases the formulation and adaptation of a two-year citizen/community science program integrated into the project. We outline the frameworks, approach, outcomes, and lessons-learned of the community science and outreach program, and compiled these in a list of guidelines to provide practitioner, researcher and community insight into the value and necessity of prioritizing environmental justice, racial equity, and ecosystem needs in nature-based solutions.
Communal breeding by women is associated with lower investment from husbands
Authors: He Qiao-Qiao , Rui Jun-Wen , Zhang Li , Tao Yi , Wu Jia-Jia , Mace Ruth , Ji Ting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
According to Hamilton's rule, matrilineal-biased investment restrains men in matrilineal societies from maximising their inclusive fitness (the ‘matrilineal puzzle'). A recent hypothesis argues that when women breed communally and share household resources, a man should help his sisters' household, rather than his wife's household, as investment to the later but not the former would be diluted by other unrelated members (Wu et al., 2013). According to this hypothesis, a man is less likely to help on his wife's farm when there are more women reproducing in the wife's household, because on average he would be less related to his wife's household. We used a farm-work observational dataset, that we collected in the matrilineal Mosuo in southwest China, to test this hypothesis. As predicted, high levels of communal breeding by women in his wife's households do predict less effort spent by men on their wife's farm, and communal breeding in men's natal households do not affect whether men help on their natal farms. Thus, communal breeding by women dilutes the inclusive fitness benefits men receive from investment to their wife and children, and may drive the evolution of matrilineal-biased investment by men. These results can help solve the ‘matrilineal puzzle'.
Introducing ‘Business Plus Education Ecosystem’ as a Commentary to Fey (2022)
Authors: Wei Jiang , Zhang Zhongyuan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn a recent paper, Carl Fey (2022) ponders the future development of Chinese business schools. He observes that the American model of business education – the target of emulation for most Chinese business schools up to this point – shows signs of serious inadequacy. It is high time, Fey argues, that Chinese business schools come up with ‘indigenous’ models of business education that better serve the needs of China's social and economical development. The paper then sketches a framework featuring some fundamental aspects of such indigenous models. We find Fey's central argument and framework both timely and inspiring. In what follows, we draw on what is happening at the School of Management of Zhejiang University (‘the School’) to respond to, and dialogue with, some of Fey's ideas.
Flocking of autonomous unmanned air vehicles
Authors: Crowther B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of large numbers of unmanned air vehicles in a given air space presents a challenge for conventional air traffic control methods. Flocking (or schooling, swarming or herding) in nature arises when mobile organisms find benefit in living at high densities. The present paper applies rules of flocking (cohesion, alignment, separation, and migration) to the problem of managing the flight of a number of autonomous unmanned air vehicles. A six-degree of freedom aerodynamic model of an existing UAV is used to simulate the flocking flight vehicles. It is found that application of the cohesion and alignment rules is sufficient to generate true flocking behaviour in that the flight vehicle density is increased and the flock members converge on a common heading. Increasing rule strength reduces the time taken to achieve flocking behaviour. However increasing rule strength too far leads to oscillatory or unstable flight paths. It is found that flock behaviour can be adequately described using the time histories of two statistical parameters: the mean radius between flock members and the standard deviation of the flock members’ heading angles.
Towards meeting VLTA challenges for evacuation slides and slide-rafts
Authors: Gosling P. D. , Riches C. G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic dependence on the necessary minimum structural performance of inflatable aircraft evacuation slides and slide-rafts in the event of and emergency or precautionary aircraft evacuation is described in the context of the certification of both new (or modified) aircraft and slide designs. The concepts of the pneumatic structure with analytical and numerical methodologies are briefly reviewed. Fundamental principles of inflatable evacuation slide performance and assessment are presented, while the characteristics of typical structural responses are identified for single deck aircraft. The implications of evacuation from an upper deck of a VLTA are identified in the interpretation of two new commercial inflatable evacuation slide designs. Alternative meso and macro pneumatic structural forms are proposed as evolutions of the conventional inflated tube. Outline details of a simple mixed finite element and vector-based simulation algorithm for the analysis of pneumatic structures precede examples verifying the numerical formulation and demonstrating the potential of multi-cell beam (meso) and “semi-pneumatic shell membrane” (macro) pneumatic concepts. Recommendations for future research conclude the paper.
The role of infinitival clauses in the dialogues of German-speaking children and adults
Authors: SZAGUN Gisela , STUMPER Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study aims at analysing the role of infinitival clauses (INFCs) in German child-adult dialogue. In German subject-less INFCs are a grammatical sentence pattern. Extensive corpora of spontaneous speech between 6 children aged 1;5 to 2;10 and adults were analysed applying structural and contextual analyses. We extended Freudenthal, Pine and Gobet’s (2010) model of lexically specific learning to include INFCs in adult input. Results show that frequencies of adult INFC and MOD+INF clauses are related to child INFCs. We interpret these results as reflecting shared verb vocabulary and, regarding INFCs, as an adaptation of adult CDS to child grammatical structure. While most child INFCs have modal meaning, some occur in non-modal contexts. The majority of child INFCs are subject-less clauses with final infinitives and therefore grammatical. Results are discussed in terms of the pragmatic function of child and adult INFCs and the role of adult INFCs in German CDS.
Following the Path of Least Resistance
Authors: Mitchell Donald G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe reason a path may be the path of least resistance is because it may be the path for which you are most suited. For you it may look like a stroll in the park; for someone else, it may look like climbing Everest. Or vice versa. Taking the “easy” route is not copping out; it is a form of playing to your strength. Here I detail my professional path from digging holes for antennas in graduate school to designer and builder of energetic neutral atom imagers that have flown and continue to fly throughout the heliosphere.
Professional Development, Mentoring, and Outreach in Scientific Research
Authors: Smith Charles W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe following contains opinions drawn from four decades of employment in scientific research in the field of space plasma physics that followed the customary two decades of formal education. For the most part, the opinions that follow address the role of mentors in scientific education and professional development with a few words of candid advice for the young professional. They are only my opinions.
Observations of Night‐Time Equatorial Ionosphere Structure With the FPMU on Board the International Space Station
Authors: Newheart Anastasia M. , Sazykin Stanislav , Coffey Victoria N. , Chandler Michael O. , Coster Anthea J. , Fejer Bela G. , Minow Joseph I. , Swenson Charles M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectron density measurements from the Floating Potential Measurement Unit (FPMU) onboard the International Space Station allow us to observe the structure of the equatorial ionosphere. During two geomagnetically quiet time periods, we examined the equatorial F‐region structure at night using FPMU electron density measurements along with Swarm spacecraft electron density measurements and Total Electron Content from ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System receivers for comparison. During these time periods, the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) extended to local times late as post‐midnight in some cases. The EIA occurrences at night showed a longitudinal dependence. The mean density of the EIA peaks exhibited a 3‐wave pattern in longitude likely due to lower atmospheric planetary wave activity, similar to the longitudinal dependence previously observed in the EIA.
Strengthened Impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole on the Yangtze Precipitation Contribute to the Extreme Rainfall of 2020 Meiyu Season
Authors: Wang YanXin , Wang Shanshan , Luo Fu , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn June‐July 2020, the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Region (MLYR) encountered the most severe precipitation event over the past 60 years. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in the previous autumn of the unusual precipitation event was the main contributing factor. Nonetheless, not every strong IOD event could bring anomalously high precipitation in the MLYR. This study showed significantly enhanced influence of IOD on East Asia climate since 2000. The IOD's effect on MLYR summer precipitation has strengthened significantly with the correlation coefficient up to 0.55 during 2000–2020. The northward movement of East Asia–Pacific pattern associated with IOD since 2000 (as compared with before) was primarily responsible for the enhanced effect. Since 2000, the MLYR has been controlled by a deep baroclinic instability system with anomalous low pressure in the lower troposphere and anomalous high pressure (completely different from before). Furthermore, the western Pacific subtropical high shifted northward and westerly jets were significantly enhanced with eastward expansion. All of these patterns contributed to the water vapor convergence and precipitation generation in the MLYR, which was not the case in the past. The record‐breaking IOD in 2019 autumn and the enhanced IOD's climatic effect in 2000–2020 contribute to the extreme Meiyu in 2020 jointly. The significant change in the influence of IOD and the enhanced climate effect of IOD highlight exciting new avenues for improving climate predictions in the MLYR.
Analysis of Gravity‐Driven Infiltration With the Development of a Saturated Region
Authors: Shadab Mohammad Afzal , Hesse Marc Andre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the controls on the infiltration of precipitation into soil is an important problem in hydrology and its representation in heterogeneous media is still challenging. Here we investigate the reduction of gravity‐driven infiltration by the development of a saturated region due to the downward decrease in porosity and/or hydraulic conductivity. The formation of a saturated region chokes the flow and leads to a rising perched water table that causes ponding even when rainfall intensity is lower than the surface infiltration capacity. Mathematically this problem is interesting, because its governing partial differential equation switches from hyperbolic in the unsaturated region to elliptic in the saturated region. To analyze this coupled unsaturated‐saturated flow we develop an extended kinematic wave analysis in the limit of no capillary forces. This theory provides a general framework to solve gravity‐dominated infiltration problems for arbitrary downward decrease in porosity and/or conductivity. We apply the framework to three soil profiles (two‐layer, exponential and power‐law decay with depth) and develop (semi‐) analytic solutions for evolution of the water saturation. For the case of a two‐layer soil the saturated flux, and therefore the front speeds, are constant which allows explicit analytic solutions that agree well with Hydrus‐1D. All solutions show excellent agreement with our numerical solutions of the governing equations in the limit of no capillary forces. Similarly, our solutions compare well with experimental data for infiltration into a multi‐layer soil with declining hydraulic conductivity.
Hyperdiploidy: the longest known, most prevalent, and most enigmatic form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
Authors: Haas Oskar A. , Borkhardt Arndt 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHyperdiploidy is the largest genetic entity B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. The diagnostic hallmark of its two variants that will be discussed in detail herein is a chromosome count between 52 and 67, respectively. The classical HD form consists of heterozygous di-, tri-, and tetrasomies, whereas the nonclassical one (usually viewed as “duplicated hyperhaploid”) contains only disomies and tetrasomies. Despite their apparently different clinical behavior, we show that these two sub-forms can in principle be produced by the same chromosomal maldistribution mechanism. Moreover, their respective array, gene expression, and mutation patterns also indicate that they are biologically more similar than hitherto appreciated. Even though in-depth analyses of the genomic intricacies of classical HD leukemias are indispensable for the elucidation of the disease process, the ensuing results play at present surprisingly little role in treatment stratification, a fact that can be attributed to the overall good prognoses and low relapse rates of the concerned patients and, consequently, their excellent treatment outcome. Irrespective of this underutilization, however, the detailed genetic characterization of HD leukemias may, especially in planned treatment reduction trials, eventually become important for further treatment stratification, patient management, and the clinical elucidation of outcome data. It should therefore become an integral part of all upcoming treatment studies.
OTUB1 suppresses Hippo signaling via modulating YAP protein in gastric cancer
Authors: Yan Cheng , Yang Huijie , Su Peng , Li Xin , Li Zhongbo , Wang Dehai , Zang Yifeng , Wang Tianshi , Liu Ziping , Bao Zhuocong , Dong Shuxiao , Zhuang Ting , Zhu Jian , Ding Yinlu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies in the world. Although great efforts are put in developing novel therapeutic targets, the effective targeting drugs are still limited. Recent studies reveal the abnormality of Hippo/YAP axis play critical role in the oncogenic process of gastric cancer. It is of great importance to demonstrate the regulation of Hippo signaling activity and YAP protein turnover in gastric cancer. Besides, the phosphorylation cascade on YAP function, which has been thoroughly investigated, the ubiquitination of YAP is also important in Hippo signaling status. Here, We utilized the DUB (Deubiquitinase) siRNA library to identify critical DUB for Hippo signaling. We discovered OTUB1 as a critical factor to facilitate gastric cancer cell stemness and progression, which deubiquitinated and stabilized YAP protein. The clinical data analysis implicated OTUB1 was higher expressed in gastric cancer, which correlated with YAP activity and poor survival. OUTB1 interacted with YAP protein via its OTU domain (Ovarian tumor domain) and deubiquitinated YAP at several lysine sites (K90, K280, K343, K494 and K497), which subsequently inhibited YAP degradation. Our study revealed a novel deubiquitinase of Hippo/YAP axis and one possible therapeutic target for YAP-driven gastric cancer.
Non-enzymatic role of SOD1 in intestinal stem cell growth
Authors: Wang Ying-Chao , Leng Xiao-Xu , Zhou Cheng-Bei , Lu Shi-Yuan , Tsang Chi Kwan , Xu Jie , Zhang Ming-Ming , Chen Hui-Min , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuperoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) modulates intestinal barrier integrity and intestinal homeostasis as an antioxidant enzyme. Intestinal homeostasis is maintained by the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, whether and how SOD1 regulates ISCs is unknown. In this study, we established intestinal organoids from tamoxifen–inducible intestinal epithelial cell–specific Sod1 knockout (Sod1f/f; Vil-creERT2) mice. We found that loss of Sod1 in organoids suppressed the proliferation and survival of cells and Lgr5 gene expression. SOD1 is known for nearly half a century for its canonical role as an antioxidant enzyme. We identified its enzyme-independent function in ISC: inhibition of SOD1 enzymatic activity had no impact on organoid growth, and enzymatically inactive Sod1 mutants could completely rescue the growth defects of Sod1 deficient organoids, suggesting that SOD1-mediated ISC growth is independent of its enzymatic activity. Moreover, Sod1 deficiency did not affect the ROS levels of the organoid, but induced the elevated WNT signaling and excessive Paneth cell differentiation, which mediates the occurrence of growth defects in Sod1 deficient organoids. In vivo, epithelial Sod1 loss induced a higher incidence of apoptosis in the stem cell regions and increased Paneth cell numbers, accompanied by enhanced expression of EGFR ligand Epiregulin (EREG) in the stromal tissue, which may compensate for Sod1 loss and maintain intestinal structure in vivo. Totally, our results show a novel enzyme-independent function of SOD1 in ISC growth under homeostasis.
An unconstrained approach to systematic structural and energetic screening of materials interfaces
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni , Morales-García Ángel , Bromley Stefan T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrom grain boundaries and heterojunctions to manipulating 2D materials, solid-solid interfaces play a key role in many technological applications. Understanding and predicting properties of these complex systems present an ongoing and increasingly important challenge. Over the last few decades computer simulation of interfaces has become vastly more powerful and sophisticated. However, theoretical interface screening remains based on largely heuristic methods and is strongly biased to systems that are amenable to modelling within constrained periodic cell approaches. Here we present an unconstrained and generally applicable non-periodic screening approach for systematic exploration of material’s interfaces based on extracting and aligning disks from periodic reference slabs. Our disk interface method directly and accurately describes how interface structure and energetic stability depends on arbitrary relative displacements and twist angles of two interacting surfaces. The resultant detailed and comprehensive energetic stability maps provide a global perspective for understanding and designing interfaces. We confirm the power and utility of our method with respect to the catalytically important TiO2 anatase (101)/(001) and TiO2 anatase (101)/rutile (110) interfaces.