bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Under Islamic Law
Authors: Bagheri Mahmood , Nayyer Mojtaba , Moalla Mahdi 
Published: August 2022

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Under Islamic Law: From Tort to Special Privileges
Knowledge and innovation, which are the basis of intellectual property rights, are public goods leading to some kind of market failure in terms of positive externalities. Such a market failure undermines the motivation for production of knowledge and innovation, which in turn would be a social loss and distributive injustice. Therefore, there has to be a response beyond the mere respect for basic property rights under Islamic law according to the Rule of Prohibition of Harm to others. The general application of such a rule and within the private law paradigm confers merely normal protection to intellectual property rights, like any other property rights, which is too little too late. However, affording the extra protection and special privileges to the owner of such rights as a mechanism to compensate the market and private law failure requires a different interpretation of this rule. This article suggests that ownership rights in knowledge and innovation could benefit from this rule at two levels: a general level of basic rights and a special level of privileges based on a social trade-off and distributive justice to avert a social loss. As such, Islamic law is capable of offering such special privileges to the owner of intellectual property rights who is willing to make a deal with society for improved but limited property rights.
Legislative Drafting in Plain Urdu Language for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Authors: Ilahi Mazhar 
Published: August 2022

Legislative Drafting in Plain Urdu Language for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: A Question of Complex Intricacies
The plain language movement (PLM) for the writing of laws calls for improving legislative clarity by drafting the laws in a clear, simple, and precise manner. However, the main purpose of this aspiration is to facilitate the ordinary legislative audience to understand the laws with the least effort. In this respect, turning the pages of recent history reveals that this movement for plain language statutes has mostly been debated and analysed in the context of English as a language of the legislative text. However, in some parts of the multilingual world like India and Pakistan, English is not understood by the ordinary population at a very large scale but is still used as a language of the legislative text. This disparity owes its genesis to different country-specific ethnolingual and political issues. In this context but without going into the details of these ethnolingual and political elements, this article aims to analyse the prospects of plain Urdu legislative language in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan by by analyzing (1) the possibility of producing a plain language version of the legislative text in Urdu and (2) the potential benefit that the ordinary people of Pakistan can get from such plain statutes in terms of the themes of the PLM. In answering these questions, the author concludes that neither (at present) is it possible to produce plain Urdu versions of the statute book in Pakistan nor is the population of Pakistan likely to avail any current advantage from the plain Urdu statutes and further that, for now, it is more appropriate to continue with the colonial heritage of English as the language of the legislative text.
Plain, Clear, and Something More?
Authors: Roebuck Derek 
Published: August 2022

Plain, Clear, and Something More? Criteria for Communication in Legal Language
Legislation may be presumed to be intended to transmit a message to those whose conduct it aims to affect. That message achieves its purpose only insofar as it is intelligible to its recipients. Drafters should make every effort to use plain language, but not all meaning can be transferred in plain language. The true criterion is clarity.‘Mediation’ and ‘conciliation’ are examples of definitions created by legislators which do not correspond with categories in practice. Historical research illuminates cultural differences which affect transmission of meaning. Recent practice also illustrates the possibilities of creative methods for resolving disputes and the dangers of unnecessary prescription.Imprecise thinking of legislators precludes transmission of precise meaning, as does preference for word-for-word translation. ‘Highest Common Factor’ language is no substitute for natural target language.No efforts of legislators or translators can prevail against political power. ‘Ignorance of the law is no excuse’ overrides the imperative to transfer meaning.If research is to be effective, it must be not only comparative but interdisciplinary.
A Crisis Beyond Law, or a Crisis of Law?
Authors: Glinavos Ioannis 
Published: August 2022

A Crisis Beyond Law, or a Crisis of Law? Reflections on the European Economic Crisis
This paper attempts to locate the place of law in debates on the economic crisis. It suggests that law is the meeting point of politics and economics, not simply the background to market operations. It is suggested therefore that the law should be seen as the conduit of the popular will through political decision making onto economic systems and processes. The paper argues that the crisis can be seen as being the consequence of the dis-embedding of the political from the economic, and it is this distance that causes legal frameworks to operate in unsatisfactory ways. With this theoretical basis, the paper examines the sovereign debt crisis in Europe. The European debt crisis in general and the plight of Greece in particular show why plasticity in policy making is necessary and also reveal why current orthodox solutions to economic calamities fail. The inflexibility of the neoclassical understanding of the state-market relationship does not allow for avenues out of crisis that are both theoretically coherent and politically welcome. Such realisations form the basis of the examination of the rules framing the Eurozone. This paper, after conducting an investigation of exit points from the Eurozone, condemns the current institutional framework of the EU, and especially the EMU as inflexible and inadequate to deal with the stress being placed on Europe by the crisis.
Collective Action Clauses in the Eurozone
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe 
Published: August 2022

Collective Action Clauses in the Eurozone: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back
Amongst the measures taken inside the European Union to tackle the sovereign debt crisis, the focus of the legal scholarship has been mainly on the financial stability mechanisms and the European Central Bank’s action. These initiatives constitute the liquidity assistance part of the response. Arguably, less attention has been devoted to the initiatives intended to face issues of debt sustainability. As regards the course of action to adopt in case a country cannot repay its debt, the European Union opted for collective action clauses (CACs). This paper takes a critical look at the Eurozone CACs. It aims to answer the following research question: Are the adopted CACs an efficient means to achieve their purported objective (i.e. facilitate renegotiations of sovereign bonds between creditors and the sovereign debtor)? To do so, the paper investigates the CACs’ content and their historical bases. It then compares the final version with the initial draft and points to several interesting findings. The paper argues that it is likely that practical results from the use of CACs will be significantly below political leaders’ expectations.
Interrogative Sentences Between East Manggarai Language And English
Authors: Rana Febriansi Novari , Moelier Dahlia D. , Abeng Andi Tenri 
Published: August 2022

This research aims to describe the structure of interrogative sentences between East Manggarai Language And English also to find the contrast of interrogative sentences between East Manggarai Language And English.This research is a descriptive qualitative research with the sample of native speakers of East Manggarai language in Satar Punda Village, East Manggarai language, NTT. The method used is contrastive method purposed by Tarigan and using sentence function theory from Hariyono & Rahman for analyzed the Interrogative sentence in the form of Yes/No question. Then used the theory purposed by Azar to find the sentence function and the sentence pattern in the form of Wh-Question and also Question Tag.The results of this research indicated that there was a dominant difference in language use between East Manggarai and English, namely in terms of sentence structure where the placement of the interrogative words used has a very significant difference. One of the data found in the interrogative sentence in East Manggarai language is a Yes/No Question sentence, which generally has a predicate and also subject at the beginning of the sentence and ends with the Question word (koh, teh, teh gah, neh, etc). Meanwhile, in English the interrogative sentences structure is generally preceded by a Question word (Am, Is, Are, and Do, Does, Did, etc). In addition, the verb in the East Manggarai language also can not undergo changes and get modification because they were not influenced by adverbs. While, the verb in English can undergo changes depending on the word convention and also the context in the sentence.
Social Criticism In Wladyslaw Szpilman’s Novel The Pianist
Authors: Minanga Ririn Risnayanti , Moelier Dahlia D. , Asyrafunnisa Asyrafunnisa 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to discover and explained the types of social criticism in Wladyslaw Szpilman’s novel entitled ‘’The Pianist’’ and this study was hope to be utilized by further researcher. The data sources used in this study was the novel ‘’The Pianist’’. In analyzing the data, the writer used descriptive qualitative research method through sociological approach. Data were obtained by using the techniques of reading, noting and analyzing. While in classifying the data, the writer used Marx’s theory of nine concepts of social criticism and used Alan Swingewood’s theory sociological of literature.
The writer found that some the social critism such as: social criticism of political problems, social criticism of economic problems, social criticism of educational problems, cultural problems, social criticism of moral issues, social criticism of family problems, social criticism of religious problems and social criticism of technology problems. The most dominant data were social criticism of moral issues.
Girl Child Education in India – A Situational Analysis
Authors: Kathuria Tanu 
Published: August 2022

The paper examines the issue of women's access to education in India. Drawing on existing literature and various statistics concerning women's education, the paper provides an overview of the state of education with respect to women and highlights some of the issues and barriers to women's education. The paper also tries to cover the schemes those have been introduced by the government to increase the access, expand coverage and improve the quality of education among women in different parts and segments of the country. Based on an analysis of emergent issues, some recommendations and suggestions are offered in terms of grassroot level interventions, strategic initiatives and enabling policy framework, towards improving women's access to education.
A Factor Analysis on Factors Influencing Female Buying Behavior for Cosmetic Products in Selected Cities of South Gujarat
Authors: Makwana Trishna , Parmar Jitesh 
Published: August 2022

The present study investigates and evaluates factors influencing female buying behaviour for cosmetic products in the cities of Surat, Navsari, Valsad and Vapi. A structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among selected cities' respondents aged from 18 years and above by using quota sampling technique. The total sample which was eligible for study was 963 respondents. Data was analyzed using factor analysis and frequency analysis in SPSS version 16.0. The study provides evidence and insight on various variables used for analysis and reveals total number of 17 factors from brand and price consciousness to the belief of classic buying which were given more significance by female buyers from the cities of Surat, Navsari, Valsad and Vapi for purchasing cosmetic products.
Bhushan Steel Limited : Leverage a Double Edge Sword
Authors: Singh Madan 
Published: August 2022

The Non Performing Assets (NPAs) of Banks is a matter of great concern. The gross bad debt of the Indian banking system was Rs. 7.11 trillion as on March 2016. The Bhushan Steel Ltd was in the first list of 12 Loan defaulters as on 31st March 2016 and had an outstanding loan of Rs. 44478 crore. SBI filed a claim against Bhushan Steel Limited under Insolvency and bankruptcy Code, 2016 to recover Rs. 4295 crore and $490 million foreign currency loan. So to know how the Bhushan Steel Ltd gone into bankruptcy proceedings the objective of the study is to analyzing the capital Structure, debt Structure and the financial position of the Bhushan Steel Ltd. Data for the study is taken from capital line data base from period 1992 to 2017 and from the article/research published in the websites. The objectives of the study have been achieved with the ratio analysis. The study finds that the three fourths of the Odisha plant of Rs. 19400 crore was funded through debt to increased steel production. The problem began to start during 2010-11 as its debt repayment outstanding become Rs. 1118 crore. The cash from operating activities was only Rs. 994 crore and the company could not be able to pay its debt obligations. This position become worst during 2013-14 as it repaid debt obligation of Rs. 3384 crores. Beside debt repayment the interest burden on the company reached up to Rs. 1663 crore with earning of Rs. 59 crore. The company could not come out from the debt trap. The profit and cash flow from operations was not enough to repay the loan with interest back to the loan providers. During this course of action the offering of bribe to the CMD of syndicate bank put the company in the back foot. In the case of Bhushan Steel Ltd there was absence of good governance that caused the company in to the insolvency process.
Organizational Climate and Turnover Intention of Employees in Private Security Firms in Port Harcourt
Authors: Ikemefune Uche , Akhigbe Emmanuel Aziegbe 
Published: August 2022

This research work examined the relationship between Organizational Climate and turnover intention in the private security firms in Port Harcourt. Eight firms were selected for this study and the systematic sampling was adopted. The cross sectional survey, which is a type of the quasi experimental design was used. The population of 248 workers in the eight selected private security firms was covered. Sample size was derived which gave a total of 153. However, only 150 questionnaires were recovered and used. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient statistical techniques was utilized for the bivariate analysis, while the partial correlation was utilized for the multi variate analysis. The outcomes portrayed a substantial negative relationship amongst the dimensions of organizational climate (reward, autonomy and recognition/encouragement) and intention to quit in the private security firms in Port Harcourt. The enquiry concluded that a favourable climate reduces intention to quit. Hence, it was recommended that the private security firms should ensure a reduction of mechanistic structure which is characterized by high degrees of formalization and centralization so that their workers can enjoy a degree of autonomy and at such reduce the possibility or tendency of leaving the firm.
Impact of Covid-19 Crisis on MSME Sector in India
Authors: Bhat Suhail Ahmad , Meher Surendra 
Published: August 2022

After World War II, the entire nations of the world are now facing simultaneously one of the biggest health and economic crisis, which is known as Covid-19 crisis. Although there is a long history of pandemics of diseases in the past, which includes smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza pandemic (Spanish flu 1918), influenza pandemic (H1N1 2009) and many others. However, the outbreak of these pandemic diseases has not affected so devastatingly as much as Covid-19 has affected in the entire nations world. The outbreak has started from Wuhan city of China and has spread sharply throughout the world and has led to shutdown of world economy. Covid-19 is not only now a global health crisis, but it has become an economic crisis, in the entire world and same is case with India. Nonetheless, Indian economy was already in a crunch of slow growth rate from last 2 years. However, the shutdown of economic activities with this Covid-19 crisis will further worsen the economic growth rate of India. The growth rate of Indian economy has already declined to 4.5 percent in Jan 2020, which was 7.7 percent in 2018. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has projected that global trade in goods is set to decline steeply between 13 percent and 32 percent in 2020 as the entire nations of the world are battling with the Covid-19 pandemic. However, India will suffer very badly as the biggest impact will be on the MSME sector, because it contributes 48 percent to the total export basket of the country This sector is the largest employment providing sector and are contributing more than 30 percent to the GDP of the country .Therefore, the present paper explores the impact of Covid-19 crisis on MSMEs in India.
Gender and Self-Efficacy: AnEmpirical Study of Banking Sector in Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Zaffar Shabnam , Khan Azra 
Published: August 2022

Self-Efficacy is a recent advancement emerged in the field of Human Resource Management and can be practically applied in business organizations worldwide in order to ensure organizational effectiveness and gain competitive edge. It is the belief of individual in his/her abilities to perform a specific task. It has many implications for organizations and is related with various job outcomes viz: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, profitability, success and organizational change. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of self-efficacy in today's competitive environment, an attempt was made towards investigating the gender differences that exist across the varied dimensions of self-efficacy viz- confidence, command, adaptability, personal effectiveness, positive attitude and individuality. The study was conducted among 417 bank employees' (clerical and managerial staff) working in different branches and administrative offices of four public and private sector banks namely: SBI, PNB, JKB, and HDFC operating in the union territory of J&K. The data was collected through well-structured questionnaire among the sample respondents which was then analyzed and interpreted using statistical tools viz- mean, standard deviation and T- test. The results of the study revealed that there exists a significant difference between perception of men and women on command, confidence and individuality. On the other hand, no significant gender differences were obtained on the perception of adaptability, personal effectiveness and positive attitude. Further on the basis of empirical evidence,it has been suggested that bank authorities need to take due care of the personal traits while recruiting its human resource in order to ensure their operational effectiveness in particular and organizational effectiveness in general.
Global Trade of Coffee and its Economic Effect in the Value Chain
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this work is to analyze the economic-cultural effects that globalization has in each link of the value chain in the commercialization of coffee in the world. Starting from the fact that coffee is the second most consumed beverage globally after water, in the same way it is the second most exported product after oil, the economic influence that has due to the fact that it is a grain that can grow simultaneously in the tropical belt around the world and because the coffee farmer tends to be poor. Research paper address its influence and contribution to the world economy by analyzing the process from the coffee farmer to the industrialization, uncovering the industrial supply chain to the different distribution channels that reach and delight the final consumer.
Parental support perceived in the parent-child dyad
Authors: Costin Alina 
Published: August 2022

It has become a certainty that effective parenting requires a high level of control and monitoring. The parental support provided during the pregnancy predicts a good functioning of the child, generates a socially, mentally and emotionally healthy competent child, who functions well under stress (Auerbach et al., 2011).In this study we investigate the parental support perceived in the parent - child dyad (by including both parents and adolescents rather than relying only on parent reports). The participants were represented by the parent-child couple (adolescent from high schools), so the participants were 86 dyad parent child who completed the questionnaire in google form, Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS; Mageau et al. 2015). The applied questionnaire assesses parents 'perceptions of supporting their own autonomy (offering choice, recognizing the child's feelings and providing a reason for rules and requirements), parental control (criticisms of guilt, use of threats and performance pressures) and adolescents' perceptions of the same variables.Results showed that parents' perceived autonomy support from their own parents that is not associated with adolescents' perception of the liberty to make their own choices and providing rationale for rules and demands; the only supportive parenting construct reflected in adolescents' perception being the acknowledgment of their feelings.
Baldrige Approach: A Tool of Performance Management
Authors: Sharma Tripti 
Published: August 2022

Pfizer Inc is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company based in New York.. The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of that Company and the approach taken by the company to improve the performance. Case study method has been used to create an in –depth analysis and to understand and explain complex issues in its real life context. This research design is extensively used in social sciences and other disciplines. First objective of the study is to check the relevancy of Baldrige model towards performance management, according to the report of current company situation with the help of SWOT and PESTLE analysis. Second objective is to manage performance excellence through implementation of the Baldrige model. The findings of this research is that Pfizer Inc Company must look forward to its overall pricing model, its cost structure and the ways to reduce its dependence on two major customers for better performance.