bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Cordyline terminalis from Callus Culture1
Authors: Mee Grace W. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Hawaiian ti plant, Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth, a woody ornamental plant, can be propagated in vitro from shoot tips, using several medium modifications (2, 3). Propagation of the ti plant can also be achieved by differentiation from callus tissue derived from young leaves near the apical meristem. Using this technique, it is possible to rapidly propagate ti plants to satisfy local needs and to supply foreign countries with large shipments of possibly disease- and pestfree plants. The procedure may be applicable to herbaceous as well as to woody monocotyledonous plants.
Root Regeneration of Manetti Rootstocks Grafted with Different Scion Cultivars of Rose1
Authors: Lee C. I. , Zieslin N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An inverse correlation between number of roots regenerated and diameter of root segments (except fibrous roots) was found in Rosa ⨯ Noisettiana cv. Manettii. Length of regenerated roots was proportional to the diameter of root segments. The root-regenerating potential varied among scion cultivars. Manetti root segments regenerated best with rose scion cultivar ‘Cara Mia’, and least with ‘Golden Wave’.
Genetic Potential For Overcoming Physiological Limitations on Adaptability, Yield, and Quality in the Tomato
Authors: Allen Stevens M. , Rudich Jehoshua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Yield and quality are the primary goals of most plant breeding programs. Both of these general characteristics are multifaceted and extremely complicated. This complexity and a frequent negative relationship between them makes it difficult to deal successfully with them simultaneously in a breeding program.
Ripening Bananas with Ethephon in Three Polymeric Film Packages1
Authors: Liu F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ripening-initiated ‘Valery’ bananas (Musa sp.) held in gas mixtures containing 10 ppm ethylene, 2 to 10% O2 and 0 to 10% CO2, ripened at a slightly lower rate than in air and had comparable quality when ripe. Fruit ripened very slowly and had lower quality, however, when the O2 concentration was reduced to 1%. Ethylene gas, which was released from ethephon ((2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid) solution applied to a small piece of sponge, initiated ripening of bananas in polymeric film packages. Three kinds of film regulated atmospheric composition inside packages suitable for banana ripening and holding. Making 1 or 3 pin holes through the film package increased the O2 concentration but had little effect upon CO2 and ethylene concentration. Bananas ripened with ethephon in suitable film packages had good eating quality and a longer shelf life than bananas ripened in air.
In Vitro Propagation of Cucumis sativus L.1
Authors: Handley Levis W. , Chambliss Oyette L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Axillary buds of gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were cultured on a semisolid medium containing Murashige and Skoog salts plus thiamin, pyridoxin, nicotinic acid, myo-inositol, and sucrose with 0.1 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg/liter kinetin. Both shoots and roots were proliferated with little callus formation. Plants produced in vitro were successfully transferred to soil.
Effect of Nitrogen Source and Nitrapyrin on Sweet Corn1
Authors: Taber H. G. , Peterson L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) showed no yield response for 2 years to spring applied Ν from Ca(NO3)2, urea, and urea plus nitrapyrin on a loam soil high in organic matter and cation exchange capacity. Ear leaf Ν concentration decreased with NH4-N sources in 1 year but not both. Kernel protein and leaf levels of P, K, Ca, and Mg were unaffected by treatment. On a loamy sand soil low in cation exchange capacity the NH4-N sources, compared with NO3-N, raised the kernel protein concentration by 0.26% both years. On this soil of the NH4-N sources, the addition of nitrapyrin to the urea band reduced ear leaf NO3-N levels without reducing ear leaf total Ν or kernel protein. The NH4-N sources restricted ear leaf Mg concentration but enhanced uptake of Ν both years and P and Κ in 1 year.
Effect of a Dormant Application of Surfactants on Bud Development and Disease Control in Selected Deciduous Fruit Plants1
Authors: Spotts R. A. , Ferree D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spray treatment a single dormant application of high concentrations of anionic (Triton CS7) and nonionic (Triton N57 and Triton X100) surfactants caused up to 5 days delay in bud break in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), but had less effect on grape (Vitis spp.) and peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and none on pear (Pyrus spp.). Surfactants tended to extend the bud break period but were frequently lethal to buds, particularly at concentrations of 3% and 5% active ingredient. In field studies, surfactants delayed the early stages of flower bud development but not bloom of apple or peach and did not control apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) wint. or powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell & Ev.) Salm.
Effect of Lime on Yield and Keeping Quality of ‘McFarlin’ Cranberries1
Authors: Shawa Azmi Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Agricultural lime (CaCO3) was applied at rates of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 kg/ha to ‘McFarlin’ cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) vines. The upper 3 rates significantly reduced breakdown during storage. Yields were increased by 500 and 1000 kg/ha, and berry weight by 1000 kg/ha. Berry volume, soluble solids, acidity, and anthocyanin content were not significantly affected. The 1000 kg/ha rate was optimum for yield and keeping quality.
Pecan Cultivars Differ in Leaf Elemental Concentration of Normal and Mouse-ear Leaf Tissue1
Authors: Worley Ray E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaflet mineral concentration of normal and mouse-eared leaflets differed for different cultivars of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch). Normal ‘Schley’ leaflets were higher in Mg, Cu, Cr and Pb than mouse-eared leaflets. Normal ‘Desirable’ leaflets were lower in Cr, Pb and Cd than mouse-eared leaflets. Normal ‘Mohawk’ leaflets were higher in Mn, Cu, Al, Cr, Pb, and Cd than mouse-eared leaflets. Normal ‘Wichita’ leaflets were lower in Ca, Mg, Zn, Cr and Pb than mouseeared leaflets. Normal ‘Mohawk’ leaflets had a higher Zn/Fe ratio and normal ‘Wichita’ had a lower Zn/Fe ratio than mouse-eared leaflets.
Reduction of Rootstock Sprouts on Young Grafted Avocados with NAA1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , Bergh B. O. , Whitsell R. H. , Kumamoto J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) ethyl ester was applied as 0.5% aqueous spray 7 cm below the grafts of 9-month-old avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) prior to graft growth. No growth occurred on the grafts and plants were dead 4 months after treatment. Volatilization of ethyl ester of NAA applied as 0.3% to 1.0% aqueous spray, 7 cm below grafts that had grown out 12 cm, caused the new growth to wilt for 36 hours. The 0.4% spray caused slight bark burn of the seedling trunk. The higher the concentration the greater the burn. Sprays of 0.3 or 0.4% sodium salt NAA did not cause wilting or bark burn. Both formulations of 0.3 and 0.4% gave good control of sprouts on the seedlings trunks. The 0.3 and 0.4% ethyl ester treatments reduced total graft growth.
Enhancement of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Injury to Petunia Foliage by Benomyl1
Authors: Pell E. J. , Gardner W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The response of ‘White Cascade’ and ‘Coral Magic’ petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm. -Andr.) plants to peroxyactyl nitrate (PAN) was tested 7 days after application of soil drenches of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 μg benomyl/g drv weight of soil. The susceptible ‘White Cascade’, showed increased sensitivity to 745 μg/m3 PAN for 1.5 hr when soil was treated with benomyl levels of 60 μ/g soil or greater. Enhanced foilar response to PAN was similar at all concentrations of benomyl greater than 60 μ/g soil. Foliage of ‘White Cascade’ petunias treated with concentrations of benomyl below 60 μ/g soil, responded to PAN similarly to plants which were not treated with the fungicide. The PAN sensitivity of the tolerant ‘Coral Magic’ was unaffected by benomyl application.
Influence of Fertility and Moisture Level on Growth of Chlorophytum1
Authors: Hipp Billy W. , Colbaugh Phillip F. , DiLeo Mario 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increasing fertilizer rates resulted in increased stolon production, plantlet production, and total plant growth of Chlorophytum. Maximum number of stolons and optimum plant growth were obtained with solutions containing 2g/liter of 20-8.3-14.9 (N-P-K) fertilizer applied twice weekly. Frequent watering resulted in maximum growth at high fertilizer levels while less frequent watering resulted in maximum growth at lower fertilizer levels.
Evaluation of Bentazon for Yellow Nutsedge Control in Container-grown Nursery Stock1
Authors: Fretz Thomas A. , Sheppard Wendy J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postemergent applications of bentazon (3-isopropyl-1H-2, 1-3-benzothiadiazon-(4) 3H-one 2, 2 dioxide) at 0.84, 1.68, 3.36 and 6.72 kg ai/ha effectively controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) in nursery containers but all rates severely injured container-grown woody ornamentals.
Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene in the Cavity of Attached Papaya Fruit1
Authors: Akamine Ernest K. , Goo Theodore 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The patterns of concentrations of CO2 and C2H4 in the cavity of attached ripening papayas (Carcia papaya L. cv. Solo) were similar to those of CO2 in respiration and C2H4 production in detached ripening fruits. The peak concentrations of these gasses occurred when the surface color of the fruits was about 80%. The flavor of the pulp of the ripe fruit was rated highest at this time.
Branch Samples for Yield and Fruit Size Comparisons in Apple1
Authors: Forshey C. G. , Elfving D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differential fruit thinning treatments produced differences in yield, fruit numbers, and fruit size in 2 ‘McIntosh’ and 1 ‘Empire’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards. Fruit set, crop load, and fruit size data calculated from branch samples paralleled corresponding data for whole trees.
A “No Choice” Study for Evaluating Resistance of Apple Fruits to Four Insect Pests1
Authors: Goonewardene Hilary F. , Kwolek W. F. , Mouzin T. E. , Williams E. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
“No choice” procedures were established to complement “free choice” procedures for determining resistance of apple fruit to 4 insect pests. ‘Starking Delicious’ was more resistant to damage by apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) than ‘Jonathan’ or ‘Golden Delicious’. There were no differences in damage to ‘Jonathan.’ ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starking Delicious’ by plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) or redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker). The resistance of some apple scab resistant selections to these insects and codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) previously determined in a “free choice” test was confirmed in this “no choice” test.
Behavior of the Tomato Fruitworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), on Susceptible and Resistant Lines of Processing Tomatoes1
Authors: Cosenza Gilson W. , Green Henry B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Under field conditions, leaves of a breeding line of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were less suitable for larval feeding of tomato fruitworm, Heliothis zea, than were the leaves of ‘Campbell-28’ and ‘Chico III’, although this did not influence the number of larvae arriving at the fruits. Significantly fewer larvae penetrated fruits of the breeding line than those of the cultivars, indicating that the principal source of resistance was in or near the fruit skin. The fruits of the breeding line exhibited a significant degree of antixenosis compared with the fruits of the cultivars when choice was given to the larvae between fruits under laboratory conditions.
Effects of Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Sweet Corn1
Authors: Moss Joe D. , Mack H. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Total husked ear yield of sweet corn, Zea mays L. cv Jubilee, increased 38% as plant density was increased from 4.39 to 15.85 plants/m2. At populations above 10.98 plants/m2, marketable yields, based on ≥ 220 g ear size, were reduced. Plant height, weight of leaves, stalk diameter, and total plant weight were significantly affected by both plant density and nitrogen (N) rates. Nitrogen rates of 56, 112, and 224 kg/ha significantly increased ear weight over the 0 kg/ha rate but there were no significant plant density-N interactions.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Seed Germination of Archontophoenix alexandrae1
Authors: Nagao M. A. , Sakai W. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed germination of Alexandra palm [Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. J. Muell,) H. Wendl & Drude] was accelerated by presoaking for 24 or 72 hours in water, and further accelerated by a 72 hour treatment with 100 or 1000 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA), but not with benzyladenine (BA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Composted Hardwood Bark: A Substitute for Steam Sterilization and Fungicide Drenches for Control of Poinsettia Crown and Root Rot1
Authors: Daft G. C. , Poole H. A. , Hoitink H. A. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rhizoctonia and Pythium crown and root rot of Euphorbia pulcherrima willd ex Kotzch cv. Annette Hegg Dark Red were suppressed in a composted hardwood bark medium amended with sphagnum peat. The suppression equalled that obtained in an aerated steam-treated peat medium drenched with fungicidies. Growth of ‘Annette Hegg Dark Red’ produced in the sphagnum peat-amended bark was improved over plants produced in a sterilized and fungicide drenched soil-peat-perlite medium. Addition of muck to composted hardwood bark negated the desirable growth effects.
Aluminum and Manganese Toxicity of Rose Plants Grown in East Texas1
Authors: Keisling T. C. , Fuqua M. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A field survey in 1977 and greenhouse studies revealed that chlorosis and stunting in rose (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Summer Snow) budded on Rosa multiflora Thumb. root-stock was due to Mn and A1 toxicity on soils with pH 5.0 or below. Liming reduced Mn and A1 tissue concentrations, promoted root growth, and alleviated chlorosis.
Silver Ion Increases Endogenous Ethylene in Sweet Potato Vine Cuttings1
Authors: Walker D. W. , Paterson D. R. , Earhart D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentration of endogenous ethylene was higher in Ag+-treated cuttings of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) than in the control or in cuttings subjected to 48°C for 2 minutes. When leaf tissue was dipped in 0, 125, 250, or 500 mg/liter Ag+, endogenous ethylene was increased by the 250 and 500 mg/liter treatments. When equal concentrations of NO3– were applied to cuttings as KNO3, Ca(N)O3)2, or AgNO3, only AgNO3 increased the endogenous ethylene content.
Effects of Soil Applications of Magnesium Sulfate and Dolomitic Limestone on Pimiento Pepper1
Authors: Dempsey A. Hugh , Boswell Fred C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant weight of pimiento pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv Truhart Perfection) was more closely related to soil K and Mn levels than soil Mg in a greenhouse study. Plant Mg levels were increased significantly by MgSO4 or dolomtic limestone additions. The sufficient-check soil produced significantly larger plants than the deficient-check or Mg-treated deficient soil.
Status of Harvest Mechanization of Fruits, Nuts, and Vegetables1
Authors: Zahara M. , Johnson S. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mechanization has progressed further with crops for processing–38% of the fruits and 58% of the vegetables are machine harvested. For fresh market, over 90% of the nuts, 26% of the vegetables, and less than 1% of the fruits are harvested mechanically.
Some Nutritional and Metabolic Aspects of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees with Dead Spur Disorder1,2
Authors: Klaren C. H. , Ketchie D. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees affected by dead spur disorder (DS) no over-all deficiency was in N, P, K, Ca, amino acids, proteins, sugars or phenols as compared with healthy (CK) trees. N, amino acid and protein contents were higher in DS than in CK spurs on 1- and 2-yearold limb sections. Relatively low nutrient levels in DS spurs on 3-4-year old limb sections indicated that translocation of nutrients to these spurs was restricted. Phenol contents were lower in DS than in CK spurs. P and K contents were higher in DS than in CK spur leaves.
Determining T50 of Peach Flower Buds with Exotherm Analysis1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Sakai Akira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is need for rapid determination of cold resistance of plants in the field. Exotherm analysis was adapted to such needs for dormant fruit buds of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Buds were excised with 1-2 mm of vascular tissue attached and then held near the thermocouple junction with an A1 foil wrap. Exotherms could be recorded from most of 25-30 buds per junction. Resolution was improved by slow rates of temperature decrease in the critical range (near l°/hour). At high rates of temperature decrease (8 to 15°/hour) buds were killed at higher temperatures. The distribution of bud mortality with temperature was very close to the standard skewed curve for buds evaluated by the tissue browning method.
In Vitro Propagation of Rose1
Authors: Hasegawa Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultured shoot tips and lateral buds from greenhouse-grown rose (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Improved Blaze) proliferated multiple shoots on a basal medium (MS salts, vitamins, glycine, sucrose, and agar) supplemented with 3.0 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and 0.3 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA). A 3-fold multiplication was achieved from freshly explanted terminal shoot tips or lateral buds after 8 weeks. Reculture of in vitro-derived shoots onto the same medium resulted in a 6-fold increase in 8 weeks. Roots could be initiated from about 50% of these shoots after transfer to a medium containing 0.3 mg/liter IAA and 0 or 0.3 mg/liter BA. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred to soil after 2 weeks.
Promotion of Renewal Canes in Greenhouse Roses by 6-Benzylamino purine without Cutback1
Authors: Ohkawa K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth promotion of lower axillary buds and the development of renewal canes, for rejuvenating greenhouse rose plants (Rosa hybrida L.) and increasing cut flower production without cutback, was induced by treating lower buds with 6-benzylamino purine (BA) in lanolin paste. These BA effects varied with cultivar, plant age, bud condition, top growth, time of treatment, and use of scoring.
Inheritance of Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight in Watermelon1
Authors: Norton Joseph D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of resistance to Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm (= Mycosphaerella citrullina C. O. Smith) in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) plant introduction PI 189225 was determined in crosses with the susceptible cultivar ‘Charleston Gray’. Segregation of F2 and backcross populations indicated that resistance to D. bryoniae in PI 189225 is governed by a recessive gene.
‘Jessie M. Conner’ Gladiolus1
Authors: Wilfret Gary J. , Magie Robert O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gladiolus (G. hortulanus L. H. Bailey), when planted in landscapes, offer a variety of flower colors and shapes found in few cultivated plants. Unfortunately, use of gladiolus in the home landscape has diminished dramatically over the past 20 years. A major contributor to this decline has been the emphasis in breeding programs to develop exhibition flowers with long thin stems and numerous florets, qualities not desired in a landscape plant. When used in the home garden, the modern cultivars have to be staked and tied or they collapse and break during adverse weather conditions. Another factor in the decline of gladiolus has been the disease susceptibility to Fusarium (F oxysporum f. sp. gladioli Snyd. & Hans.) corm and root rot. Without fumigation of the soil and pre-plant and postharvest fungicide treatments of the corms, most cultivars will have only a maximum garden life of 2-3 years. A garden cultivar, in addition to disease tolerance, should possess a strong root system, a strong, straight spike, and a rachis with at least 14 florets. Plants should be vigorous, self-perpetuating, and easily propagated. ‘Jessie M. Conner’ (Fig. 1) possesses all of these qualities.
Comparative Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Excised Shoots of Rabbiteye Blueberry1
Authors: Teramura A. H. , Davies F. S. , Buchanan D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Photosynthesis in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) was found to saturate at low irradiances and had a low light compensation level. In contrast to many other plants, both stomatal and residual diffusion resistance contributed equally to the total leaf diffusion to CO2. Relatively higher stomatal resistances in rabbiteye blueberry result in an efficient water-use, enabling it to withstand drought. No cultivar differences were found in photosynthesis, transpiration, or dark respiration to account for differences in yield.
Cultivar and Cultural Influences on the Establishment of Kentucky Bluegrass from Plugs1
Authors: Turgeon A. J. , Street J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rate of coverage from plugs of ‘A-20’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) planted in Flanagan silt loam and treated with oxadiazon at 3.4 kg/ha increased as mowing height increased from 1.9 to 3.8 to 7.5 cm and with fertilization at 25 kg N/ha per growing month or higher. Sod strength measurements taken 2 years after planting were highest in plots receiving 25 kg N/ha per growing month compared to 0, 50, and 100 kg. Where plugs of 48 cultivars of Kentucky bluegrss received the same oxadiazon treatment, phytotoxicity ranged from no injury to complete necrosis.
Sensitivity and Growth of Twelve Elatior Begonia Cultivars to Ozone1
Authors: Reinert R. A. , Nelson P. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Twelve cultivars of Elatior begonia (Begonia X hiemalis Fotsch.) were exposed to O3 at 25 and 50 pphm. The ‘Schwabenland’ group, ‘Whisper ‘O’ Pink’, and ‘Improved Krefeld Orange’ were the most sensitive, whereas ‘Ballerina’, ‘Mikkell Limelight’, and ‘Turo’ were the least sensitive. ‘Rennaisance’, ‘Heirloom’ ‘Nixe’, and ‘Fantasy’ were intermediate in sensitivity. The dry weight of foliage (stems plus leaves) of 9 cultivars exposed to O3 was significantly less than that of control plants. Ozone at 25 and 50 pphm inhibited flower growth (including peduncles) and development in 4 and 8 of the 12 cultivars, respectively. Differences in flower weight ranged from 43 to 105% of the control at 25 pphm and from 25 to 98% of the control at 50 pphm, depending on cultivar.
Macronutrient Stability during Overwintering of Royal Beauty Cotoneaster and Andorra Juniper1
Authors: Sheppard W. J. , Gilliam C. H. , Fretz T. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fluctuations of macronutrient levels in the leaves, stems and roots were analyzed in Cotoneaster dammeri, C. K. Schneid, cv. Royal Beauty and Juniperus horizontalis, Moench cv. Piumosa during the overwintering period. Potassium, Mg and Ca levels, in both species, maintained periods of relative stability. Tissue P levels remained stable in all tissues, while Ν levels in leaves, stems and roots of both species fluctuated significantly throughout the sampling period.
Vegetative Maturity of Red-osier Dogwood and Response to Herbicides1
Authors: Crabtree Garvin , Fuchigami L. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) or l,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridium ion (paraquat) after reaching vegetative maturity were much less affected by the herbicides than plants treated earlier. Data support the hypothesis that vegetative maturity is a distinct physiological stage in the development of woody plants, and that inconsistencies in herbicide efficacy can, in part, be explained by this phenomenon.