bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reports of Adverse Events Associated with Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2017–2020: A Review
Authors: Mohr Amanda L A , Logan Barry K , Fogarty Melissa F , Krotulski Alex J , Papsun Donna M , Kacinko Sherri L , Huestis Marilyn A , Ropero-Miller Jeri D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn important role of modern forensic and clinical toxicologists is to monitor the adverse events of novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Following a prior review from 2013 to 2016, this critical literature review analyzes and evaluates published case reports for NPS from January 2017 through December 2020. The primary objective of this study is to assist in the assessment and interpretation of these cases as well as provide references for confirmation methods. Chemistry, pharmacology, adverse events and user profiles (e.g., polypharmacy) for NPS are provided including case history, clinical symptoms, autopsy findings and analytical results. Literature reviews were performed in PubMed and Google Scholar for publications using search terms such as NPS specific names, general terms (e.g., ‘designer drugs’ and ‘novel psychoactive substances’), drug classes (e.g., ‘designer stimulants’) and outcome-based terms (e.g., ‘overdose’ and ‘death’). Government and website drug surveillance databases and abstracts published by professional forensic science organizations were also searched. Toxicological data and detailed case information were extracted, tabulated, analyzed and organized by drug category. Case reports included overdose fatalities (378 cases), clinical treatment and hospitalization (771 cases) and driving under the influence of drugs (170 cases) for a total of 1,319 cases providing details of adverse events associated with NPS. Confirmed adverse events with associated toxidromes of more than 60 NPS were reported including synthetic cannabinoid, NPS stimulant, NPS hallucinogen, NPS benzodiazepine and NPS opioid cases. Fifty of these NPS were reported for the first time in January 2017 through December 2020 as compared to the previous 4 years surveyed. This study provides insight and context of case findings described in the literature and in digital government surveillance databases and websites during a recent 4-year period. This review will increase the awareness of adverse events associated with NPS use to better characterize international emerging drug threats.
SARS-CoV-2 productively infects primary human immune system cells in vitro and in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Pontelli Marjorie C , Castro Ítalo A , Martins Ronaldo B , La Serra Leonardo , Veras Flávio P , Nascimento Daniele C , Silva Camila M , Cardoso Ricardo S , Rosales Roberta , Gomes Rogério , Lima Thais M , Souza Juliano P , Vitti Brenda C , Caetité Diego B , de Lima Mikhael H F , Stumpf Spencer D , Thompson Cassandra E , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana E , Giannini Marcela C , Bonjorno Letícia P , Lopes Maria I F , Batah Sabrina S , Siyuan Li , Luppino-Assad Rodrigo , Almeida Sergio C L , Oliveira Fabiola R , Benatti Maíra N , Pontes Lorena L F , Santana Rodrigo C , Vilar Fernando C , Auxiliadora-Martins Maria , Shi Pei-Yong , Cunha Thiago M , Calado Rodrigo T , Alves-Filho José C , Zamboni Dario S , Fabro Alexandre T , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Oliveira Rene D R , Whelan Sean P J , Cunha Fernando Q , Arruda Eurico 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a hyperinflammatory state and lymphocytopenia, a hallmark that appears as both signature and prognosis of disease severity outcome. Although cytokine storm and a sustained inflammatory state are commonly associated with immune cell depletion, it is still unclear whether direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of immune cells could also play a role in this scenario by harboring viral replication. We found that monocytes, as well as both B and T lymphocytes, were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, accumulating double-stranded RNA consistent with viral RNA replication and ultimately leading to expressive T cell apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was frequently detected in monocytes and B lymphocytes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The rates of SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COVID-19 patients increased over time from symptom onset, with SARS-CoV-2-positive monocytes, B cells, and CD4+ T lymphocytes also detected in postmortem lung tissue. These results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection of blood-circulating leukocytes in COVID-19 patients might have important implications for disease pathogenesis and progression, immune dysfunction, and virus spread within the host.
‘In the End, There Was No End’: Colonial Modernism and Moral Perfectionism in Patrick White’s The Tree of Man
Authors: Bowyer Andrew D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The modernism of Patrick White’s 1955 pastoral epic The Tree of Man is the focus of this study. The novel tracks the generational transition within one pioneering family around the time of the First World War in rural Australia, and its structure approximates the biblical pattern of edenic beginning, tragic fall, and eschatological recovery. Biblical motifs are evident in the novel’s treatment of natality and death, and in the way narrative landscapes are sign-posted with symbolic trees and riven by apocalyptic floods and fires that portend epiphany and judgement. My analysis of the novel draws on scholarship that characterises modernism in relation to settler colonialism, the temptations of scepticism, the negotiation of Christian inheritances, and the ambivalent ‘endings’ that occur in the wake of modernity’s ‘new beginnings’.
Improved distance measures for ‘fixed-content miscellanies’: an adaptation for the collections of sayings of the desert fathers and mothers
Authors: Göransson Elisabet , Maurits Luke , Dahlman Britt , Åkerman Sarkisian Karine , Rubenson Samuel , Dunn Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCollections of sayings of the desert fathers and mothers are extant in manuscripts in many languages and are organized differently. They are ‘fixed-content miscellanies’ (FCM): they include material that belongs to the same genre, but is variable both when it comes to appearance and order. Distance measurement methods are particularly suitable for large text traditions including variable content in the so-called mixed-content miscellanies, such as recipes, anthological compilations of shorter text passages, or catalogues, but can also be suitable for text genres like collections of sayings, that are equally variable in appearance and order of sayings, even though the genre is fixed; hence ‘fixed-content miscellanies’. In the article, collections of sayings in seven languages were compared using four distance measures methods. Each segment of the sayings was given a unique id to be comparable. The first method used, the Jaccard distance measure, disregards the linear order of items and instead considers each collection compared only as a ‘bag of stories’. In two other methods used (Birnbaum and Levenshtein methods), the order in which the narratives of each saying appear is compared. All three methods yielded interesting results, but the collections that were apparently closely related were clustered together so tightly that it was not possible to make more nuanced analyses. In order to remove false negatives, particulars concerning lacunes in the material were taken into account in the proposed modified Levenshtein method, the fixed-content miscellanies (FCM)-Levenshtein method. By applying the FCM-Levenshtein method, previously unknown relations between collections witnessed in different languages could be detected.
In a behavioural bioassay, effluents from cigarette butts, cured tobacco and tree leaves differentially affect resting site selection in the land snail Cornu aspersum
Authors: Bergey Elizabeth A , Shakir Mariam F 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Cigarette butts (CBs) contain a plethora of chemicals, including many that are toxic. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the toxicity of CBs to aquatic organisms, there is less evidence that terrestrial organisms are severely impacted. Because CBs are commonly discarded on the ground, ground-dwelling organisms such as land snails may be especially affected. Many land snails are generalist detritivores/herbivores and ingest a variety of plant secondary compounds as they feed. This evolutionary exposure may render CBs (made principally of cured tobacco leaves) less toxic to these land snails than CBs are to less exposed aquatic animals. We investigated this possibility of reduced effects using a new behavioural assay to test the choice of ‘flavoured’ vertical resting sites in the land snail Cornu aspersum, which commonly rests on upright surfaces. In four experiments, regions of container walls were coated with different concentrations of CB and cured tobacco effluents, and effluents from three tree species and cured tobacco. Snails avoided high CB and tobacco effluent concentrations, which is consistent with toxicity. However, snails preferentially rested on dilute concentrations of both CBs and tobacco. Preference among tree leaf effluents was less evident, with a trend towards snails preferring the more readily eaten maple than the less readily eaten oak. Selection of the preferred tobacco concentration did not differ from that of tree leaves, indicating that C. aspersum was not repelled by dilute tobacco effluent. These results indicate that compounds leaching from discarded CBs may have little effect on snails and perhaps other soil organisms under environmentally realistic conditions.
An omics approach to study trace metals in sera of hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents
Authors: Vignoli Alessia , Tenori Leonardo , Luchinat Claudio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) represents a life-sustaining treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, it is associated with several complications, including anemia. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are often administered to HD patients with renal anemia, but a relevant proportion of them fail to respond to the therapy. Since trace metals are involved in several biological processes and their blood levels can be altered by HD, we study the possible association between serum trace metal concentrations and ratios with the administration and response to ESA. For this study, data and sample information of 110 HD patients were downloaded from the UC San Diego Metabolomics Workbench public repository (PR000565). The blood serum levels (and ratios) of antimony, cadmium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, tin, and zinc were studied applying an omics statistical approach. The Random Forest model was able to discriminate between HD-dependent patients treated and not treated with ESAs, with an accuracy of 71.7% (95% CI 71.5–71.9%). Logistic regression analysis identifies alterations of Mn, Mo, Cd, Sn, and several of their ratios as characteristic of patients treated with ESAs. Moreover, patients with scarce response to ESAs were shown to be characterized by reduced Mn to Ni and Mn to Sb ratios. In conclusion, our results show that trace metals, in particular manganese, play a role in the mechanisms underlying the human response to ESAs, and if further confirmed, the re-equilibration of their physiological levels could contribute to a better management of HD patients, hopefully reducing their morbidity and mortality.
Scenes from a Long Distance Music, 1970–1976Long Distance Music, 1970
Authors: Cimini Amy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores long distance music and multi-sited listening in writings, text pieces, tape pieces, recording sessions, and City-Links projects that Amacher created between 1970 and 1976. In performances, installations, and research-based contexts, Amacher attuned distinct and often speculative embodiments to distanciated listening that combined remote transmission, environmental sound, and auditory dimension. This chapter discusses infrastructural and perceptual approaches to environmental remediation and civic value that Amacher encountered at MIT’s Center for Advanced Visual Studies, amid social, political and economic contestation about urban interzones and waterfronts. City-Links’ entanglements with industrial telecommunications also linked its technological supports to changed working conditions for telephone operators via automation in early computational environments. While the chapter concludes with No More Miles—An Acoustic Twin (1974), an exemplar of City-Links proto-diegetic dynamics, it imagines long distance music as an alternative tele-technological network that captured cycles of change and obsolescence in its historical moment.
Eartones and Third Ears
Authors: Cimini Amy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how Amacher studied auditory processing in order to compose differential interchanges between responsivities along the auditory pathway and inside a listener’s body. These interchanges she called “perceptual geography.” Through the autodidactic research program documented in her Additional Tones Workbook IV (1976/rev. 1987), this chapter identifies a dramatic epistemic charge in psychoacoustic and otological discourses on response tones in the cochlea (or “eartones”) and considers how Amacher extrapolated their scientific, historical and social meanings. Complementing analyses of her 1999 album Sound Characters (making the third ear), this chapter takes up the third ear, following philosopher Sarah Kofman, within a broader history of listening that registers and challenges distributions of life and sensation across a body. As an analytic of difference and power, the third ear emphasizes critical edges, in Amacher’s approach to eartones, that proved central to how she developed their dramatic and diegetic horizons in subsequent work.
An Uneasy Guest in the Schoolhouse
Authors: Winner Ellen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An Uneasy Guest recounts how art education has been conceptualized, justified, and taught in the United States while all the time being a marginalized and vulnerable presence in our schools. The teaching of art has often been justified in terms non-art outcomes. In the 19th century children dutifully copied, line by line, pictures given to them by their teachers; the goal was to develop drawing skills for industry. In the first part of the 20th century, with the rise of John Dewey-inspired progressive classrooms, children were encouraged to express themselves freely; now the goal was to nurture the artist in the child and promote emotional well-being. Later, with the accountability movement, art education was justified in terms of its putative ability to raise standardized test scores. Since the 19th century, there have been recurrent pendulum swings between progressive and traditional approaches to art education in the United States. These swings are documented in this book along with vivid comparisons to the traditional approach the author observed in China (much like the American 19th century approach) and also to the progressive approach the author observed in preschools in Northern Italy. In the face of this uncertain past, 21st century art education has exploded with a wealth of new ideas aligned with—but going far beyond—the progressivism of the early 20th century. This book documents what art education in America used to be, and portrays how it can become a strong and central presence in the schools of tomorrow.
A 1982 Journey to Reggio Emilia
Authors: Winner Ellen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the author’s observations of the progressive approach to art education in the famous Reggio Emilia preschools in northern Italy founded by Loris Malaguzzi. Children in these schools are able to create art that is far more complex than what is normally seen in U.S. progressive art classrooms. The chapter discusses the key principles underlying the Reggio method: An “atelierista” trained in art works together with the teacher to design the projects; both the atelierista and the teacher listen and ask probing questions of the children as they work; children work on the same artworks together, collaboratively, and discuss what they are doing among themselves and with the teacher and atelierista; the art projects require investigation, research, and observation and often take weeks or months to complete, with multiple drafts along the way; the school interior is aesthetically designed and filled with mirrors and lights to create multiple representations of reality; and the children’s works and comments and questions are meticulously documented. Under these circumstances, the art children produce challenges the prevailing understanding of the capabilities of preschoolers.
Art Education in 19th-Century America
Authors: Winner Ellen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the highly utilitarian approach to the teaching of drawing in the 19th century in the United States. Parallels are drawn to what the author observed in China in the mid 1980s. The chapter also notes an important difference. In China, this approach was a way of teaching children about Chinese artistic traditions, In the United States, this method was explicitly designed to train the kind of drawing skills needed for the growing manufacturing economy. Drawing instruction in 19th-century America was justified not in terms of being able to make something beautiful but, rather, for its practical value for the industrial revolution—an idea that was already widespread in Britain, France, and Germany. The ability to make precise copies, including enlarging and reducing their scale, was called for in many areas—design of tools and machines, textiles, ornamental architectural features such as balustrades and moldings, ship building, and so forth. Like the Chinese method, this kind of education trained skill but did not attempt to develop visual thinking or creativity or self-expression—thereby laying the groundwork for the turn to progressive art education in the 20th century.
Making Art Education Academic
Authors: Winner Ellen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the revolt against progressive art education spearheaded by Elliot Eisner in the form of Discipline-Based Art Education (DBAE). Whereas progressive art education was a reaction against the mind-numbing method inflicted on children in the 19th century, DBAE was a reaction against an extreme form of progressive art education that resulted in a hands-off, laissez-faire approach. DBAE called for art education to include not only studio art but also art history, art criticism, and aesthetics. It called for the development of a sequential curriculum by experts and rigorous assessment of learning. The strengths of DBAE included the insistence that art be a necessary part of general education with funding equivalent to that given to other school subjects, as well as a refusal to justify arts education in terms of something else—whether manual dexterity and skills for industry (as in the 19th century) or personal and emotional development (as in the first half of the 20th century). However, DBAE stoked controversy as art educators rebelled against the idea that there was one right way to teach art which they believed was being pushed on them.
Reimagining Art Education for the 21st Century
Authors: Winner Ellen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that art education in the United States has blossomed in the 21st century with new approaches that are major positive steps forward. These approaches build on progressive art education practices but take them much further in the following six ways, each of which brings students closer to working like mature artists: (1) Artworks are driven by ideas, not formal principles; (2) art making is a form of inquiry and research (shades of Reggio); (3) students make art about social justice issues that concern them—and often this involves a challenge to the dominant culture; (4) art making is interdisciplinary, with students doing STEM research (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) to inform their work (shades of Reggio)—this includes digital art making; (5) artworks are more student- than teacher-driven; and (6) students become involved in peer-to-peer critiques that bypass the teacher. American art education has come a long way from the mind-numbing drawing lessons of the 19th century to the mind-expanding approaches featured in this chapter. The 21st-century approaches have much in common because they are all based in the practices of contemporary art worlds. Meaning has become more important than beauty. Art has become socially conscious. Art making has become a form of interdisciplinary research. Students are given wide latitude to make their own discoveries. And art is both made and shown by using the new digital media.
Conclusion
Authors: Jin Kim Helen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The US evangelical empire came to power, in part, through the Cold War in Asia, as revealed in this transpacific history of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, Campus Crusade for Christ, and World Vision. These organizations have transformed since their mid-twentieth-century origins, but they remain powerful institutions in America, Korea, and the world. Race for Revival reveals a hidden religious, transpacific and Cold War historical context for understanding contemporary concerns over the white evangelical vote for Trump, and the uncertain place of nonwhite people, including Koreans and Korean Americans, in the evangelical movement. For those who seek change, especially racial, religious, and political change, within the United States, and beyond, calling for an end to the unending Korean War is key. The “forgotten war” has led to a forgotten peace. But revival is not a race and one race does not have a monopoly on revival.
A Bright Future in Sales
Authors: Vyse Stuart 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines how, in some cases, overconfidence and unrealistically positive beliefs about one’s capabilities can lead to higher achievement and better performance in competitive situations. Drawing on the theory of positive illusions by Shelly Taylor and Jonathan Brown, as well as game theory, the chapter shows how entrepreneurs and job candidates who have inflated views of themselves can succeed over equally qualified individuals who have more realistic views of their standing. In certain situations—launching a war or starting a business—overconfidence can have drastic consequences. But once people are committed to an enterprise, overconfidence can sustain motivation and lead to ultimate success. Part of the key to success in these instances is to believing their own hype. If they merely try to bluff their way through, competitors can often see they are bluffing. By deceiving themselves into believing their overconfidence, they are more likely to be successful.
The Mind’s Best Trick
Authors: Vyse Stuart 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The question of free will is one of the longest and most hotly debated issues in the history of philosophy. Legal systems and moral judgments often depend on the notion of choice: the belief that an individual can choose between different possible actions. At the same time, much of the universe appears to be completely deterministic, responding only to the laws of physics. Research in both neuroscience and cognitive psychology suggests that this human sense of doing is a delusion. In some contexts, people feel like they are doing something when they are not and in others they are doing something when they feel like they are not. This research suggests that the human sense of will is a delusion, but it is a very valuable delusion. Humans are a social species and they benefit in several ways from having an illusion of conscious will.