bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal volume, FKBP5 genetic risk alleles, and childhood trauma interact to increase vulnerability to chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Lobo Jarred J. , Ayoub Lizbeth J. , Moayedi Massieh , Linnstaedt Sarah D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic multisite musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is common and highly morbid. However, vulnerability factors for CMP are poorly understood. Previous studies have independently shown that both small hippocampal brain volume and genetic risk alleles in a key stress system gene, FKBP5, increase vulnerability for chronic pain. However, little is known regarding the relationship between these factors and CMP. Here we tested the hypothesis that both small hippocampal brain volume and FKBP5 genetic risk, assessed using the tagging risk variant, FKBP5rs3800373, increase vulnerability for CMP. We used participant data from 36,822 individuals with available genetic, neuroimaging, and chronic pain data in the UK Biobank study. Although no main effects were observed, the interaction between FKBP5 genetic risk and right hippocampal volume was associated with CMP severity (β = −0.020, praw = 0.002, padj = 0.01). In secondary analyses, severity of childhood trauma further moderated the relationship between FKBP5 genetic risk, right hippocampal brain volume, and CMP (β = −0.081, p = 0.016). This study provides novel evidence that both FKBP5 genetic risk and childhood trauma moderate the relationship between right hippocampal brain volume and CMP. The data increases our understanding of vulnerability factors for CMP and builds a foundation for further work assessing causal relationships that might drive CMP development.
The limitations of fully threaded screws in isolated percutaneous transarticular screw fixation of C1/C2
Authors: Koepke Leon-Gordian , Heuer Annika , Stangenberg Martin , Dreimann Marc , Beyerlein Jörg , Schaefer Christian , Viezens Lennart 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDemographic aging accompanied by increased falls inevitably leads to an increased incidence of atlantoaxial instabilities (AAI). Minimally invasive surgical procedures decrease the perioperative risk and regarding the treatment of AAI, percutaneous transarticular screw fixation of C1/C2 was more frequently considered in the past. This study aims to investigate the outcome of patients treated for AAI by isolated percutaneous transarticular screw fixation of C1/C2 (IPTSFC1/C2) using 3.5 mm fully threaded screws to identify its chances and limitations. In this retrospective study, data from patients who underwent IPTSFC1/C2 were analyzed. 23 patients (17 females and 6 males) with an average age of 73.1 years (y) were included. Mean VAS decreased significantly from preoperative 3.9 ± 1.8 to the last follow-up 2.6 ± 2.5 (p = 0.020) and neurological functions were preserved. In the radiological follow-up, we saw a single malposition of an inserted screw (2.27%) and one single bony fusion (4.54%). However, in 6 of 7 patients (85.71%), there was a loosening of the inserted screws due course. We demonstrated that the use of 3.5 mm fully threaded screws for IPTSFC1/C2 results in low rates of osseous fusions between C1 and C2. Therefore, their use in IPTSFC1/C2 is not suitable, especially for geriatric patients with impaired bone status.
Higher mortality and intubation rate in COVID-19 patients treated with noninvasive ventilation compared with high-flow oxygen or CPAP
Authors: Marti Sergi , Carsin Anne-Elie , Sampol Júlia , Pallero Mercedes , Aldas Irene , Marin Toni , Lujan Manel , Lalmolda Cristina , Sabater Gladis , Bonnin-Vilaplana Marc , Peñacoba Patricia , Martinez-Llorens Juana , Tárrega Julia , Bernadich Óscar , Córdoba-Izquierdo Ana , Lozano Lourdes , Mendez Susana , Vélez-Segovia Eduardo , Prina Elena , Eizaguirre Saioa , Balañá-Corberó Ana , Ferrer Jaume , Garcia-Aymerich Judith 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of noninvasive respiratory support in severe COVID-19 patients is still controversial. We aimed to compare the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with high-flow oxygen administered via nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV), initiated outside the intensive care unit (ICU) in 10 university hospitals in Catalonia, Spain. We recruited 367 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years who were treated with HFNC (155, 42.2%), CPAP (133, 36.2%) or NIV (79, 21.5%). The main outcome was intubation or death at 28 days after respiratory support initiation. After adjusting for relevant covariates and taking patients treated with HFNC as reference, treatment with NIV showed a higher risk of intubation or death (hazard ratio 2.01; 95% confidence interval 1.32–3.08), while treatment with CPAP did not show differences (0.97; 0.63–1.50). In the context of the pandemic and outside the intensive care unit setting, noninvasive ventilation for the treatment of moderate to severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 resulted in higher mortality or intubation rate at 28 days than high-flow oxygen or CPAP. This finding may help physicians to choose the best noninvasive respiratory support treatment in these patients.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04668196.
Root canal length estimated by cone-beam computed tomography at different slice thicknesses, dedicated endodontic software, or measured by an electronic apex locator
Authors: Pham Van-Khoa , Pham Tran-Lan-Khue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the agreements between the root canal length estimations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at different slice thicknesses, dedicated software, or an electronic apex locator (EAL) and the actual lengths (AL). In total, 111 extracted human molars with 302 root canals were chosen. Teeth were scanned using a CBCT device at a voxel size of 0.075 mm. Root canal lengths were estimated using CBCT software at different slice thicknesses (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mm) and dedicated software for proposed or operator lengths. The endodontic access cavities were created, and root canal lengths were estimated with an EAL for electronic length (EL) and a ruler for AL. Data were tested using paired t-tests and Bland–Altman plots to detect the differences between the methods in length estimation at a significance of 0.05. The accuracy in the range of ± 0.5 mm was 100% for the EAL. There was an agreement between the EL and CBCT at a slice thickness of 1.2 mm (p = 0.349). CBCT at the smallest slice thickness estimation was not the best modality in agreement with the AL. The EAL was an accurate and reliable method for root canal length measurement.
The impact of assessment and feedback practice on the student learning experiences in higher education
Authors: Ray Swagat , Ngomba Richard Teke , Ahmed Syed Imran 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sound knowledge of the learning process and connectedness of assessment in higher education is imperative. Assessment is essential for both learners and teachers to ensure, and to provide evidence, that learning outcomes/objectives against set competency levels have been achieved for the chosen programme of the study. However, many coming into higher education are often unaware of the rules of the game. In this perspective, we will highlight the reasons why assessment is important, how assessment and feedback affect students’ learning process and why the process of assessment can often affect students’ mental well-being. We will appraise the different methods of assessment with a specific example (Objective Structured Clinical Examination, OSCE) and highlight why it is important that we adopt a holistic approach towards fostering assessment know-how and student well-being.
The Views and Experience of Audiologists Working in Flemish Hearing Aid Centers Concerning Cognition Within Audiological Practice
Authors: Kestens Katrien , Degeest Sofie , Keppler Hannah 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to get insight into the views and experience of audiologists, employed in Flemish hearing aid centers, concerning cognition within audiological practice.

Method:
An online 49-item questionnaire was developed and subdivided into five categories: (a) work setting, (b) practical experience regarding hearing aid fitting linked to cognition, (c) knowledge regarding the auditory–cognitive perspective of speech understanding, (d) willingness and guidelines to implement cognitive measures within audiological practice, and (e) demographics. Respondents were surveyed during January and February 2021.

Results:
One hundred twenty-nine audiologists working in Flemish hearing aid centers responded to the entire questionnaire and showed a mean work experience of 8.0 years. Results revealed that cognition was taken into account, especially within the anamnesis interview and general communication strategy, whereas only a minority took cognition into account when actually fitting hearing aids. Knowledge and experience did not determine whether or not respondents took cognition into account. A willingness to implement cognitive measures in a time-efficient manner in audiological practice was observed among respondents.

Conclusion:
Evidence-based guidelines regarding hearing aid fitting based on an individual's auditory–cognitive profile are needed to improve the quality of hearing rehabilitation.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19593388
Word Learning by Preschool-Age Children: Differences in Encoding, Re-Encoding, and Consolidation Across Learners During Slow Mapping
Authors: Gordon Katherine R. , Lowry Stephanie L. , Ohlmann Nancy B. , Fitzpatrick Denis 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Children with typical development vary in how much experience they need to learn words. This could be due to differences in the amount of information encoded during periods of input, consolidated between periods of input, or both. Our primary purpose is to identify whether encoding, consolidation, or both, drive individual differences in the slow-mapping process.

Method:

Four- to 6-year-old children (
N
= 43) were trained on nine form-referent pairs across consecutive days. Children's ability to name referents was assessed at the beginning and end of each session. Word learning was assessed 1 month after training to determine long-term retention.

Results:
Children with varying language knowledge and skills differed in their ability to encode words. Specifically, children varied in the number of words learned and the phonological precision of word forms at the end of the initial training session. Children demonstrated similarities in re-encoding in that they refined representations at a similar rate during subsequent sessions. Children did not differ in their ability to consolidate words between sessions, or in their ability to retain words over the 1-month delay.

Conclusions:
The amount of experience children need to learn words is primarily driven by the amount of information encoded during the initial experience. When provided with high-quality instruction, children demonstrate a similar ability to consolidate and retain words. Critically, word learning instruction in educational settings must include repeated explicit instruction with the same words to support learning in children with typical development and varying language skills.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19606150
Analysis of Novel Assistive Robotic Multi‐Stage Underwater Lift Design for Swimmer Safety
Authors: Laxman Pillalamarri , Jain Anuj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnintentional deaths particularly near swimming pools are alarmingly increasing in recent times. The rate of increase in deaths was reported in the world health organization and other national health magazines. There were very few inventions and research work done on autonomous rescue designs. The paper introduced new methods and techniques to address the issues. The paper introduces very novel architecture; novel multilayer approaches especially worked on fail‐proof autonomous rescue techniques by using natural buoyancy as a main source of mechanical power in lifting drowning persons from the water. The trials conducted by the paper were accurate and reliable and the proposed autonomous drown‐rescue system design is suitable for most the situations. The placement of sensors, elevator, semiautomatic arrangements such as panic switches, and buoyancy helped elevator are the total innovative approaches in addressing the situation (cause). There is no big limitation in the proposed methods except 20–30% of the total cost of the construction of the swimming pool which is not a problem when addressing alarmingly increasing deaths due to drowning in all age groups people. The methods discussed in the paper are all possible and feasible cost‐effective methods and add more confidence in maintaining a pool in‐house without any health risks. The governments and communities must frame rules to implement the proposed system as mandatory to maintain a pool that is 100% safe for all age groups. The methods addressed in the paper are completely novel and new. The paper contributes major design contributions for the detection of drowning accidents using underwater and buoyancy‐dependent lifts, proximity sensors, and laser tripwires.
Probing red supergiant dynamics through photo-center displacements measured by Gaia
Authors: Chiavassa A. , Kudritzki R. , Davies B. , Freytag B. , de Mink S. E. 
Published: April 2022

Context. Red supergiant (RSGs) are cool massive stars in a late phase of their evolution when the stellar envelope becomes fully convective. They are the brightest stars in the universe at infrared light and can be detected in galaxies far beyond the Local Group, allowing for accurate determination of chemical composition of galaxies. The study of their physical properties is extremely important for various phenomena including the final fate of massive stars as type II supernovae and gravitational wave progenitors.
Aims. We explore the well-studied nearby young stellar cluster χ Per, which contains a relatively large population of RSG stars. Using Gaia EDR3 data, we find the distance of the cluster (d = 2.260 ± 0.020 kpc) from blue main sequence stars and compare with RSG parallax measurements analysing the parallax uncertainties of both groups. We then investigate the variability of the convection-related surface structure as a source for parallax measurement uncertainty.
Methods. We use state-of-the-art three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamics simulations of convection with CO5BOLD and the post-processing radiative transfer code OPTIM3D to compute intensity maps in the Gaia G photometric system. We calculate the variabiltiy, as a function of time, of the intensity-weighted mean (or the photo-center) from the synthetic maps. We then select the RSG stars in the cluster and compare their uncertainty on parallaxes to the predictions of photocentre displacements.
Results. The synthetic maps of RSG show extremely irregular and temporal variable surfaces due to convection-related dynamics. Consequentially, the position of the photo-center varies during Gaia measurements between 0.033 and 0.130 AU (≈1 to ≈5% of the corresponding simulation stellar radius). We argue that the variability of the convection-related surface structures accounts for a substantial part of the Gaia EDR3 parallax error of the RSG sample of χ Per.
Conclusions. We suggest that the variation of the uncertainty on Gaia parallax could be exploited quantitatively using appropriate RHD simulations to extract, in a unique way, important information about the stellar dynamics and parameters of RSG stars.
Populist discourse and entrepreneurship: The role of political ideology and institutions
Authors: Bennett Daniel L. , Boudreaux Christopher , Nikolaev Boris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing institutional economic theory as our guiding framework, we develop a model to describe how populist discourse by a nation’s political leader influences entrepreneurship. We hypothesize that populist discourse reduces entrepreneurship by creating regime uncertainty concerning the future stability of the institutional environment, resulting in entrepreneurs anticipating higher future transaction costs. Our model highlights two important factors that moderate the relationship. First is the strength of political checks and balances, which we hypothesize weakens the negative relationship between populist discourse and entrepreneurship by providing entrepreneurs with greater confidence that the actions of a populist will be constrained. Second, the political ideology of the leader moderates the relationship between populist discourse and entrepreneurship. The anti-capitalistic rhetoric of left-wing populism will create greater regime uncertainty than right-wing populism, which is often accompanied by rhetoric critical of free trade and foreigners, but also supportive of business interests. The effect of centrist populism, which is often accompanied by a mix of contradictory and often moderate ideas that make it difficult to discern future transaction costs, will have a weaker negative effect on entrepreneurship than either left-wing or right-wing populism. We empirically test our model using a multi-level design and a dataset comprised of more than 780,000 individuals in 33 countries over the period 2002–2016. Our analysis largely supports our theory regarding the moderating role of ideology. However, surprisingly, our findings suggest that the negative effect of populism on entrepreneurship is greater in nations with stronger checks and balances.
THz microscope for three-dimensional imaging with superconducting Josephson junctions
Authors: Tollkühn M. , Ritter P. J. , Schilling M. , Hampel B. 
Published: April 2022

Superconducting Josephson junctions have a wide range of applications ranging from quantum computing to voltage standards, and they may also be employed as versatile sensors for high-frequency radiation and magnetic fields. In this work, we present a unique measurement setup utilizing a single Josephson junction on a cantilever for high-resolution spatial measurements of spectroscopically resolved THz and microwave field distributions. This THz microscope can be utilized to measure power and frequency of electromagnetic radiation from ∼1 GHz to 5 THz. It may also be used to measure static magnetic fields and provide topological scans of samples. The samples can be both actively radiating or passively irradiated at either room temperature or cryogenic temperatures. We review the measurement setup of the THz microscope and describe the evaluation of its measurement data to achieve three-dimensional visualizations of the field distributions. The diverse capabilities of this unique tool are demonstrated by its different measurement modes with measurements of field distributions at 20 GHz and 1.4 THz, spectroscopically resolved THz measurements, and magnetic field measurements.
Changes in mononuclear immune cells during bovine pregnancy
Authors: Rutigliano Heloisa M. , Leppo Kelsy A. , Morgado Kira P. 
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to determine the differences in gene expression between mononuclear cells derived from peripheral blood and endometrium during pregnancy in cattle and to determine the proportion of mononuclear cells in the endometrium of pregnant and diestrous cows. Endometrial tissue and peripheral blood were collected from Day 34 ± 2 pregnant cows, and mononuclear cell populations were quantified and sorted (n = 5). The relative mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators was assessed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. During pregnancy, the proportion of CD8+, CD4+, CD4+CD25− and CD4+CD25dim cells among mononuclear cells was greater in blood than endometrium, and cells positive for CD14 and CD68 expressed greater mRNA amounts of interleukin (IL) 6, CXCL8 and IL10 in endometrium compared with blood. Cells positive for γ/δ-T cell receptor expressed greater amounts of IL1A transcript in the endometrium than in blood of diestrous cows, CD4+CD25bright cells expressed more CTLA4 mRNA in the endometrium compared with blood of diestrous cows, and endometrial natural killer cells expressed greater CXCL8 mRNA compared with blood of pregnant and diestrous cows. The percentages of CD21+, NCR1+, CD8+, FoxP3+, CD3+ and CD68+ cells were greater in the endometrium of Day 35 pregnant cows compared with diestrous cows.
New high-yielding, stress-resilient, and nutritious crop varieties.
Authors: Okori Patrick , Chirwa Rowland , Chisale Virginia , Jumbo MacDonald Bright , Makumba Wilkson , Makumbi Dan , Matumba Annie , Mosha Inviolate , Munthali Wills , Nadigatla Gangarao , Ngowi Peter , Njeru James , Ochieng Justus , Setimela Peter , Swai Elirehema , Tarekegne Amsal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This chapter describes the performance of new cereal and legume crop varieties introduced by Africa RISING into agroecosystems in which they had not been tested before. The introduced varieties are characterized by their resilience to drought and/or their improved nutritional content.
Improved feeding for dairy cattle and poultry in smallholder crop-livestock systems.
Authors: Mpairwe Denis , Mutetikka David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This chapter describes how cropping systems can be used to supplement feeds to increase dairy and poultry yields. It completes the concept of on-farm integration of crop, livestock and natural resources technologies necessary for sustainable intensification on smallholder farms. The different processes that utilize different feed sources to produce better-quality feed rations for dairy cows and poultry are also discussed.
Combining multiple technologies: integrated soil fertility management.
Authors: Bekunda Mateete , Chikowo Regis , Claessens Lieven , Hoeschle-Zeledon Irmgard , Kihara Job , Kizito Fred , Okori Patrick , Sognigbé N'Danikou , Thierfelder Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This chapter shows how Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) can be combined and integrated further at farm and landscape levels to improve farming system performance. ISFM is an example of a system-wide technology. It is a set of soil fertility management practices, including use of industrial fertilizer, organic inputs, and improved crop varieties, combined with knowledge on how to adapt the practices to local conditions. Its benefits include agronomic efficiency, enhanced productivity, reduced risk, reduced need for industrial fertilizers, and reduction in post-harvest losses. The farmers' responses and opportunities for adoption are also discussed.