bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial enhancement due to statistical learning tracks the estimated spatial probability
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Yihan , Wang Benchi , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is well known that attentional selection is sensitive to the regularities presented in the display. In the current study we employed the additional singleton paradigm and systematically manipulated the probability that the target would be presented in one particular location within the display (probabilities of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%). The results showed the higher the target probability, the larger the performance benefit for high- relative to low-probability locations both when a distractor was present and when it was absent. We also showed that when the difference between high- and low-probability conditions was relatively small (30%) participants were not able to learn the contingencies. The distractor presented at a high-probability target location caused more interference than when presented at a low-probability target location. Overall, the results suggest that attentional biases are optimized to the regularities presented in the display tracking the experienced probabilities of the locations that were most likely to contain a target. We argue that this effect is not strategic in nature nor the result of repetition priming. Instead, we assume that through statistical learning the weights within the spatial priority map are adjusted optimally, generating the efficient selection priorities.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Dalam Membayar PBB
Authors: Arrasi Ranti Dela 
Published: April 2022

Land and Building Tax is an important income for each region, therefore each local government has its own way to optimize income from the Land and Building Tax sector. This study aims to analyze the effect of tax knowledge, tax socialization and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building taxes in the city of Pekanbaru, either partially or simultaneously. This research was conducted on individual taxpayers registered at the Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) Pekanbaru City. This research is a descriptive research that uses a quantitative approach. The sample method is Accidental Samplin with a total of 100 taxpayers. The data in this study are primary data using a questionnaire that has been reviewed for validity and reliability. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variables of knowledge, socialization and tax sanctions have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance in paying PBB.
Keywords: Tax Knowledge, Tax Socialization, Tax Sanctions, Taxpayer Compliance.
Akomodasi Filsafat Pragmatisme dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen untuk Menjawab Tantangan Pembelajaran di Era Digital
Authors: Simanjuntak Ramses , Jatmiko Bakhoh , Pa Anthoneta Ratu , Siswoyo Hadi , Langke Albert Yusuf 
Published: April 2022

The spirit of society 5.0 era demands the mastery and utilization of technology along with digital literation in every area of life. This development and challenges also occur in the education sector. A similar challenge is wrestled by Christian Education (CE) to be relevant knowledge within this era. CE must improve itself amid limitations within it. What innovations can be made to make CE relevant and fit to answer the needs of this digital era? This research aims to integrate positive contributions of pragmatism education philosophy toward CE in answering the needs of this era. The pragmatism thinking emphasizes practice and relevant learning outcomes as well as applicative skills. CE needs this utility in the learning process within this pragmatic era. This research applied a qualitative descriptive method with a literature research approach. The founding of this research is a proposal of accommodation of pragmatism philosophy toward CE using project based learning, collaborative learning, and creative problem solving learning approach.Era digital merupakan perkembangan peradaban yang tidak mungkin dihindari. Perkembangan teknologi dan digitalisasi berbasis internet telah memberikan kontribusi signifikan di dalam dunia pendidikan. Sebagaimana semangat society 5.0 yang menekankan kegunaan teknologi dan keilmuan bagi kebaikan manusia, dunia pendidikan secara khusus dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) harus ikut berbenah diri ditengah keterbatasan dan ketertinggalan yang dihadapi. Inovasi apa yang dapat dilakukan guna membuat keilmuan ini tetap releven dan menjawab kebutuhan di era digital ini? Pemikiran pragmatisme yang menekankan pada capaian pembelajaran yang praktis, relevan, dan berorientasi pada keterampilan aplikatif (utilitas) adalah hal yang diperlukan di dalam konteks PAK di dalam proses pembelajaran di era pragmatis ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan data atau karya tulis ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan obyek penelitian atau pengumulan data yang bersifat kepustakaan. Kajian di dalam penelitian ini mengusulkan akomodasi filsafat pragmatism di dalam PAK dengan pendekatan pembelajaran yang berupa project based learning, collaborative learning, dan creative problem solving.
Kontroversi Bohong dalam Keluaran 1:8-22
Authors: Ngesthi Yonathan Salmon Efrayim , Dwikoryanto Matius I Totok , Zega Fatiaro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany people today tolerate the truth of the word by considering that lying for the sake of goodness becomes a natural thing. Through the history of Sifra and Pua, the writer wants to describe the purpose of writing this article to provide an understanding in a biblical context using descriptive qualitative methods and literature study approaches, it can be concluded in the study of the light of the Bible, that lying white or lying for good fulfills all the criteria for action which is included in lying or witness to lies. Because white lies are part of lies or witnesses to lies that God consistently forbids in the Bible, white lies should not be done by believers. It cannot be denied that the practice of white lying has become a habit and is considered normal and commonplace in today's society. But this does not mean that believers can simply join society at large to approve and practice white lies. Furthermore, the Church must act proactively in providing Christian ethics education, especially in relation to the topic of white lies or lying for good so that members of the congregation have a clear and stable understanding of this issue AbstrakMasayarakat saat ini banyak yang toleransi terhadap kebenaran firman dengan mengangap bahwa kebohongan demi kebaikan menjadi hal yang wajar. Melalui sejarah Sifra dan Pua penulis ingin menjabarkan tujuan penulisan artikel ini memberikan pemahaman dalam kontek Alkitabiah menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan pendekatan studi Pustaka, dapat disimpulkan dalam kajian dari terang Alkitab, bahwa bohong putih atau bohong untuk kebaikan memenuhi semua kriteria tindakan yang termasuk dalam kebohongan atau saksi dusta. Karena bohong putih termasuk bagian dari kebohongan atau saksi dusta yang dilarang Allah secara konsisten di dalam Alkitab, maka bohong putih tidak boleh dilakukan oleh orang percaya. Memang tidak dapat disangkal bahwa praktek bohong putih sudah menjadi kebiasaan dan dianggap wajar dan lumrah dalam masyarakat hari ini. Namun ini tidak berarti orang percaya boleh begitu saja menggabungkan diri dengan masyarakat pada umumnya untuk menyetujui dan mempraktekkan bohong putih. Selanjutnya Gereja harus bertindak proaktif menyelenggarakan pendidikan etika Kristen, khususnya yang berhubungan dengan topik bohong putih atau bohong untuk kebaikan sehingga anggota jemaat memiliki pengertian yang jelas dan mantap tentang persoalan ini
Emission-line Outflows from the Circumnuclear to Circumgalactic Scales in a Partially Obscured Quasar
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Jiang Peng , Hao Lei , Dai Xuejie , Zhou Yipeng , Ji Tuo , Pan Xiang , Xiong Yifei , Zhou Hongyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the rest-frame UV and optical emission-line spectrum of the partially obscured quasar J121704.70+023417.1 (hereafter J1217+0234). Here the obscuring material, very likely the dusty torus invoked by the AGN unification models, acts as a natural coronagraph, which greatly suppresses both the continuum and broad-line emission in the UV and enables a clear detection of three emission-line components at and beyond the dusty torus scale: (1) The component, with a blueshift of v ≈ 1200 km s−1 and a line width of FWHM ≈ 2600 km s−1, shows exceptionally large intensity ratios, such as N v/Lyα ≈ 2.3 and O vi/Lyα ≈ 1.4, indicating that the emitting gas is highly ionized and has a very high density up to n
H ∼ 1013 cm−3, possibly associated with the dusty torus. (2) The largely unshifted narrow-line component, with FWHM ≈ 510 km s−1, is completely absent in all UV lines but Lyα and is significantly detected in the forbidden lines of [O iii], [O ii], and [Ne iii] in the optical, implying massive low-density (n
H ∼ 102 cm−3) gas ∼40 kpc from the galactic center. (3) The intermediate component is only detected in [O iii] with a blueshift and line width between (1) and (2), which might bridge the gases from the circumnuclear to the circumgalactic scales. Follow-up observations with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity are needed to confirm the speculation and are helpful to reveal outflows at multiscales in J1217+0234.
Jean Izoulet : une sociologie antidurkheimienne ?
Authors: de Vitry Alexandre 
Published: April 2022

Cet article examine la pensée de Jean Izoulet (1854-1929), « philosophe social » proche des milieux républicains modérés, professeur au Collège de France où il fut nommé en grande partie pour faire contrepoids au succès grandissant de Durkheim. La pensée d’Izoulet, à la scientificité discutable, pensée de la hiérarchie sociale et de la légitimité de l’élite, se construit explicitement contre celle de Durkheim : à la fois contre La Division du travail social puis contre Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse. La polémique à sens unique que développe Izoulet contre son collègue repose sur une confusion épistémologique : le concept même de « société », chez lui, est entièrement confondu avec celui de « cité » ou de polis, signe qu’il n’a pas vu la spécificité méthodologique de la sociologie émergente. Sur le plan idéologique, le cas d’Izoulet concentre les réticences du républicanisme le plus conservateur contre le socialisme en développement ; on en retrouvera des traces dans le pétainisme.
Guidimakha : la gestion des ressources naturelles au cœur d’enjeux politiques, alimentaires et sécuritaires
Authors: Secco Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

Le Guidimakha est une région située au sud de la Mauritanie, enclavée entre le Mali et le Sénégal. Ce territoire est au carrefour entre le désert et le Sahel. L’ensemble des terres arables du pays ne représente que 1 % de la superficie de la Mauritanie. Le Guidimakha a un potentiel agro-sylvo-pastoral relativement élevé par rapport au reste du pays. Cependant, les conditions climatiques se détériorent et affectent les capacités productives de la région. La production agroalimentaire nationale ne couvre que 30 % de la consommation du pays (GRDR, Groupe de Recherche et de Réalisation pour le Développement Rural 2017) 1 . La dépendance à l’importation est un facteur important de l’insécurité alimentaire. La gestion des ressources naturelles est désormais primordiale dans cette région afin d’optimiser au maximum, et de manière durable, son potentiel productif. La question environnementale est désormais au cœur de nombreux projets de développement ayant comme objectif la gestion durable des ressources naturelles qui constitue, pour les acteurs du développement, l’un des leviers de la réduction de la vulnérabilité alimentaire des ménages.
Pattern of Practices of Oncologists of Bangladesh in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Chowdhury Arman Reza , Banu Parvin Akhter , Rahman Md. Arifur , Trapani Dario 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the practice of oncology care in Bangladesh during the first pandemic surge in 2020.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional survey-type study, based on a questionnaire, which was shared via email to national oncologists and enhanced by snowballing in April–May 2020.

Results:
A total of 48 responders joined the survey, mostly clinical and radiation oncologists practicing in specialized cancer centers of the major cities. Patients’ triage for COVID-19 was implemented in 60% of the settings surveyed, and an impact on the clinical care was unanimously reported. Delays and interruptions in cancer treatments were common, as was a reduction of patient volume treated with radiation therapy (RT). Mechanisms for priority-setting to inform clinical decisions were set by 80% of the oncologists, including changes in the treatment protocols––more commonly for palliative care interventions and regarding the RT fractionation; also, alternative therapeutic options were more commonly discussed, particularly when patients were candidate to multimodal treatments. Value-driven and choose-wisely approaches were emphasized. Telemedicine was identified as a mechanism to reduce access to hospitals, but only for selected services (e.g., follow-up) by 78%. Protecting hospitals and health workers were identified as priority interventions to shape effective COVID-19 responses.

Conclusion:
This survey serves as a case study of adaptations of cancer care during COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. Elements of priority-settings and value-driven decision-making emerged, although the long-term impact cannot be stated, at this time.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Ectodermal Dysplasia in Four Indian Children
Authors: Kamat Divya , Mahajan Rahul , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Yadav Jaivinder , Kumar Rakesh , Dayal Devi , De Dipankar , Handa Sanjeev 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) affect structures derived from the ectoderm such as skin, its appendages, nail, and teeth. In this series, we describe four patients presenting with a clinical phenotype of dysplasia of one or more ectodermal structures who underwent next-generation sequencing for mutational analysis.

Case Series:
The clinical phenotype of three patients was hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) and one patient was diagnosed with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 1. Two patients with classical clinical features of X-linked HED (XLHED) had mutations in EDA gene; variant c.924+ 8C>G (5′ proximal splice site) and c.760C>T (p.Gln254Ter). Case 3 had clinical phenotype of HED with urticaria pigmentosa, which was confirmed on skin biopsy and immunohistochemistry. This patient was found to have mutation in C1orf172; c.449G>A (p.Arg150Gln) which has not been reported previously. Case 4 was diagnosed to have APS type 1 with cutaneous features of discoloration of teeth and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. This patient had a compound heterozygous mutation of AIRE gene. The two variants detected were c.169C>T (p.Gln57Ter) and c.47C>T (p.Thr16Met).

Conclusion:
The present series highlights the clinic-genetic correlation in four patients with features of ED. Two variants of uncertain significance and two previously unreported variants were also found in this study.
Intralesional Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin Versus Intralesional Mycobacterium W Vaccine in Treatment of Recalcitrant Extragenital Warts
Authors: Mohta Alpana , Jain Suresh Kumar , Mehta Rajesh Dutt , Arora Aakanksha 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Of late, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of recalcitrant and difficult to treat warts. Purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PDD) and mycobacterium w (Mw) vaccine hold promising prospects for the treatment of verruca, especially in a country like ours where a majority of the population is already sensitized to mycobacterium tuberculosis both due to disease endemicity and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.

Aims and Objectives:
We aimed at evaluating the treatment outcome of intralesional PPD tuberculin and Mw vaccine in the treatment of recalcitrant extragenital warts in immunocompetent subjects.

Materials and Methods:
The patients included immunocompetent subjects between the ages of 16 and 65 years with two or more extragenital warts. The patients were randomized into two groups, namely A (PPD Tuberculin) and B (Mw vaccine). In both groups, 0.1 mL of active intralesional immunogen was injected at the base of the largest wart. The doses were repeated at 4 weeks' intervals for a maximum of 5 injections. Additionally, the improvement in quality of life was measured using the Hindi-validated version of the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) questionnaire.

Results:
Ninety-seven patients completed the study, with 46 in group A and 51 in group B. In group A, 24 (52.17%) patients had complete clearance in all warts, and in group B, 32 (62.75%) (P = 0.38). The most common adverse event in patients of group A was transient injection site erythema and swelling, whereas that in group B was mild transient fever. None of the patients showed any signs of recurrence in the ensuing follow-up period. There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean DLQI scores after treatment in both groups (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Both PPD Tuberculin and Mw vaccine are effective in the treatment of recalcitrant warts with minimal recurrence rate. The safety profile of PPD is superior to Mw vaccine. We suggest both to be used as first-line therapy in the treatment of difficult to treat warts.
Frequency of Genotypes and Allelic Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor in Egyptian Psoriatic Patients and Their Association With Disease Severity, Immune Modulation of IL-22 Levels and The Response to Topical Calcipotriol Treatment
Authors: A. Anani Haneya A. , Khalifa Warda A. , Althoqapy Azza Ali , Maklad Soheir S. , Kamal Hoda , Sabry Dina , Samir Mai 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
This study was performed to determine the genotype and allelic frequencies (polymorphisms) of the four genes of vitamin D receptor (VDR) among Egyptian psoriatic patients and healthy controls to explore their association with disease severity (PASI) score and immune modulation of IL-22 cytokine and to predict the response to topical calcipotriol treatment.

Patients and Methods:
The frequencies of the four VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI) in blood samples of 51 adult Egyptian patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 50 healthy controls were evaluated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR. Serum levels of IL-22 were measured by ELISA.

Results:
The most frequent genotype (wild) in the studied patients was Apa1; AA (88.2%) followed by Fok1; FF (47.1%) and Taq1; TT (47%), while Bsm1; BB genotype was (27.7%). The most frequent allele polymorphisms either in one allele (Bb) or both alleles (bb) in psoriatic patients were 72.5%, followed by Ff, ff (52.9%) and Tt, tt (52.9%). The less frequent allelic polymorphism was Aa, aa (27.7%). Insignificant differences in the frequency of genotype (wild) and allelic polymorphisms were detected between patients and controls (P > 0.05). A significantly higher serum concentration of IL-22 (ng/mL) was detected in patients than controls (P = 0.001). Further, 66.6% of patients displayed a clinical response, while 33.4% were non-responders. A significantly higher expression of TaqI polymorphism was detected in (100%) of non-responders (P < 0.001), which was also correlated with disease severity (r = 0.515, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that the VDR TaqI polymorphism is the only gene correlated to psoriasis susceptibility in the Egyptian population, and affects the response to topical calcipotriol treatment but does not affect IL-22 immune modulation.
Risk Factors for Actinic Keratoses
Authors: Li Yongshuang , Wang Jinhua , Xiao Weimian , Liu Jing , Zha Xushan 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
To integrate evidence and assess the risk factors associated with actinic keratosis (AK).

Methods:
Unrestricted searches were conducted on five electronic databases, with an end-date parameter of September 2021. We summarized the study characteristics and pooled the results from individual studies by using a random-effects model. The risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the quality of evidence was estimated according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results:
Sixteen studies were included in final analysis, and we assessed the AK risk among a variety of risk factors. Overall, the male sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.94–3.25; P < 0.01), age >45 years (OR = 7.65, 95% CI: 2.95–19.86; P < 0.01), light Fitzpatrick skin phototype (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.74–3.10; P < 0.01), light hair color (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.40–3.36; P < 0.01), light eye color (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.03–2.70; P = 0.04), freckles on face/arms (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.37–2.58; P < 0.01), suffered positive history of other types of non-melanoma skin cancer (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 2.71–7.33; P < 0.01), sunburns in childhood (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.47–3.70; P < 0.01) and adulthood (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-2.00; P < 0.01), severe sunburn (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.62–2.31; P < 0.01), and chronic occupational and/or recreational sun exposure (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.16–4.81; P < 0.01) increased the risk of AK. Moreover, sunscreen use (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34–0.77; P < 0.01) and history of atopy reduced the risk of AK. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. The included studies showed a high risk of bias.

Conclusion:
We confirm several well-known AK risk factors and their quantitative data, and summarized the uncommon risk factors and protective factors. Our results may inform on the design and implementation of AK screening and educational programs.