bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved and Taxon-Specific Patterns of Phenotypic Modularity in the Mammalian Dentition
Authors: Takenaka Risa , Clay Selene M , Yoo Sunwoo , Hlusko Leslea J 
Published: April 2022

SynopsisPrevious genotype:phenotype mapping of the mouse and primate dentition revealed the presence of pre- and post-canine modules in mice and anthropoid primates, as well as molar and premolar submodules in anthropoid primates. We estimated phenotypic correlation matrices for species that sample broadly across Mammalia to test the hypothesis that these modules exist across a broader range of taxa and thereby represent a conserved mammalian trait. We calculated phenotypic correlation matrices from linear dental measurements of 419 individual specimens representing 5 species from 4 mammalian orders: Artiodactyla (Odocoileus hemionus), Carnivora (Canis latrans and Ursus americanus), Didelphimorphia (Didelphis virginiana), and Primates (Colobus guereza). Our results based on hierarchical clustering indicate a generally higher correlation within incisors and among post-canine teeth. However, the post-canine phenotypic correlation matrices do not consistently exhibit the premolar and molar submodularity observed in anthropoid primates. Additionally, we find evidence of sex differences in the Odocoileus phenotypic correlation matrices: Males of this species exhibit overall higher inter-trait correlations compared to females. Our overall findings support the interpretation that incisors and post-canine dentition represent different phenotypic modules, and that this architecture may be a conserved trait for mammals.
Hierarchies of Heroism: Captain Tom, Spitfires, and the Limits of Militarized Vicarious Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Browning Christopher S , Haigh Joseph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has seen the label of “hero” assigned to an expanded range of unexpected figures, from carers to supermarket delivery drivers, lauded for their selflessness. In Britain, however, none received the levels of public veneration experienced by the late Captain Sir Tom Moore, who became famous for completing a sponsored walk of his garden for his 100th birthday, raising £38.9 million for National Health Service charities. What can account for the resonance of an elderly war veteran in the context of a global health emergency? Contributing to nascent international relations scholarship on vicarious identity, ontological security, and militarism, in this article we develop the concepts “vicarious resilience” and “vicarious militarism” to explain why “Captain Tom” captured the British public imagination. While objects of vicarious identification are typically distinguished by their superior agency, we argue that the case of Captain Tom is interesting because it was not Moore's agency but his symbolism that made him a target for vicarious identification. Specifically, his military symbolism facilitated vicarious identification with Britain's mythologized wartime past aimed at assuaging ontological anxieties generated by the pandemic and boosting national resilience. However, the broader militarized pandemic response also reasserted gendered and racialized military heroism at a moment when the category of hero was being extended to civilian occupations. Finally, we note the limits of vicarious militarism in responding to ontological insecurity, including its tendency to generate anxieties of intergenerational insufficiency and its rhythmic/episodic character, concluding by commenting on the future trajectory of pandemic subjectivities.
Crossing the digital divide: a veteran affairs program to distribute video-enabled devices to patients in a supportive housing program
Authors: Wray Charlie M , Van Campen James , Hu Jiaqi , Slightam Cindie , Heyworth Leonie , Zulman Donna M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate an initiative to distribute video-enabled tablets and cell phones to individuals enrolled in Veterans Health Affairs supportive housing program during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods
In September 2020, individuals in the Veteran Health Affairs (VA) Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) program were offered either a video-enabled tablet or cellphone to support their communication and health care engagement needs. We examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of device recipients, and compared engagement in in-person, telephone, and video-based visits (categorized as primary care, specialty care, rehabilitation, HUD-VASH, mental health care, and other) for 6 months prior to (March 1, 2020–August 31, 2020) and following (September 1, 2020–July 30, 2021) device receipt.

Results
In total, 5127 Veterans received either a tablet (n = 4454) or a cellphone (n = 673). Compared to the 6 months prior to device receipt, in the 6 months following receipt, in-person and video engagement increased by an average of 1.4 visits (8%) and 3.4 visits (125%), respectively, while telephone engagement decreased (−5.2 visits; −27%). Both tablet and cellphone recipients had increased in-person visits (+1.3 visits [8%] and +2.1 visits [13%], respectively); while tablet users had a substantially larger increase in video-based engagement (+3.2 visits [+110%] vs. +0.9 [+64%]). Similar trends were noted across all assessed types of care.

Discussion
Providing video-enabled devices to Veterans in a supportive housing program may facilitate engagement in health care.

Conclusions and Relevance
VA’s device distribution program offers a model for expanding access to health-related technology and telemedicine to individuals in supportive housing programs.
Virtual Interviews for Breast Imaging Fellowship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Program Directors and Applicants
Authors: Mullen Lisa A , Nguyen Derek L , Katzen Janine T , Brem Rachel F , Ambinder Emily B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare in-person and virtual breast fellowship interview experiences from the perspective of fellowship program directors (PDs) and applicants.MethodsThree separate voluntary, anonymous, e-mail delivered surveys were developed for PDs, in-person interview applicants in 2019–2020, and virtual interview applicants in 2020–2021. PD and applicant survey responses regarding the two interview cycles were compared.ResultsThe response rate was 56% (53/95) for PDs, 19% (23/123) for in-person applicants, and 38% (49/129) for virtual applicants. PDs reported significantly lower cost for virtual compared to in-person interviews (P &lt; 0.001). They reported no significant difference in number of applications received, number of applicants interviewed, applicant pool geographic regions, number of interview days offered, or format of interviews. Most PDs (31/53, 58%) felt the virtual format still allowed them to get to know the applicants well. Cost was significantly higher for in-person compared to virtual applicants (P &lt; 0.001). More in-person applicants (11/23, 48%) listed cost as a barrier compared to virtual applicants (7/49, 14%) (P = 0.002). Virtual and in-person applicants reported a similar number of program applications, but virtual applicants completed more interviews (P = 0.012). Both groups preferred scheduled time to speak with the current fellows and a one-on-one interview format with two to four faculty members. Most applicants (36/49, 73%) felt the virtual format still allowed them to get to know each program well.ConclusionVirtual interviews provide a reasonable alternative to in-person interviews for breast imaging fellowship applicants, with decreased cost being the main advantage.
Cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma masquerading as a vagus nerve: a case report
Authors: Lachkar Azeddine , Roubi Faycal , Benfadil Drissia , Elayoubi Fahd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Schwannoma arising from the cervical sympathetic chain are rare slow-growing tumors which represent a diagnostic challenge. We report a 80-year-old female patient presented with anterior neck triangle swelling. The radiological assessment was based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which led to a preoperative diagnosis of vagus nerve schwannoma. However, surgical treatment revealed a cervical sympathetic chain mass rather than a vagus nerve mass. A complete removal was performed, and the anatomopathological examination was in favor of a schwannoma. In post-operative state, the patient presented a well-tolerated Horner’s syndrome.
Augmenting Survey Data with Digital Trace Data: Is There a Threat to Panel Retention?
Authors: Trappmann Mark , Haas Georg-Christoph , Malich Sonja , Keusch Florian , Bähr Sebastian , Kreuter Frauke , Schwarz Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Linking digital trace data to existing panel survey data may increase the overall analysis potential of the data. However, producing linked products often requires additional engagement from survey participants through consent or participation in additional tasks. Panel operators may worry that such additional requests may backfire and lead to lower panel retention, reducing the analysis potential of the data. To examine these concerns, we conducted an experiment in the German PASS panel survey after wave 11. Three quarters of panelists (n = 4,293) were invited to install a research app and to provide sensor data over a period of 6 months, while one quarter (n = 1,428) did not receive an invitation. We find that the request to install a smartphone app and share data significantly decreases panel retention in the wave immediately following the invitation by 3.3 percentage points. However, this effect wears off and is no longer significant in the second and third waves after the invitation. We conclude that researchers who run panel surveys have to take moderate negative effects on retention into account but that the potential gain likely outweighs these moderate losses.
Generic logical encoding for argumentation
Authors: Besnard Philippe , Doutre Sylvie , Duchatelle ThÉo , Lagasquie-Schiex Marie-Christine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArgumentation has become an essential tool in AI, allowing the representation of knowledge with only a set of arguments and a binary relation between arguments, the attack relation. Since the seminal work presented in 1995 by Dung, many extensions have been proposed in order to enrich this very simple framework by the addition of a second type of interaction, the support relation, and by the use of higher-order or collective interactions. In parallel, several links have been exhibited and studied between Logics and Abstract Argumentation, showing that these two domains are closely interrelated. Among these works, one can find several logical encodings of abstract argumentation frameworks. Nevertheless, these encodings are very often built ad hoc and only for some given frameworks. The aim of this paper is to propose a generic logical encoding covering several families of abstract argumentation frameworks, from Dung’s framework to the most enriched framework using higher-order and collective evidential supports and attacks.
Joining the Navy to Become a Physician: Nothing Typical About It
Authors: Morrison Ponce Daphne P 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Joining the military and entering a career in medicine are both intensely personal decisions. Individually, becoming a physician or a naval officer requires people to join a profession, represented by the oaths of each group. Both require hard work, demanding schedules, and dedication. Those entering into the Medical Corps will combine these roles. To optimize finding a fulfilling career, students interested in joining the medical corps should identify mentors, which helps them create the career path they want and aids in their self-reflection to discover their motivations and expectations, finally “Semper Gumby.” My own path fulfilled my desire to serve and passion for medicine but more importantly afforded me the opportunity to pursue fellowship, gain expertise in academic medicine, and construct a network of mentors, colleagues, and friends around the globe.
Accretion scenario of MAXI J1820+070 during 2018 outbursts with multimission observations
Authors: Prabhakar Geethu , Mandal Samir , Athulya M P , Nandi Anuj 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive spectral and temporal study of the black hole X-ray transient MAXI J1820+070 during its outbursts in 2018 using Swift/XRT, NICER, NuSTAR, and AstroSat observations. The Swift/XRT and NICER spectral study shows a plateau in the light curve with spectral softening (hardness changes from $\sim \, 2.5$ to 2) followed by a gradual decline without spectral softening during the first outburst. Also, spectral modelling suggests that the first outburst is in the low/hard state throughout with a truncated disc, whereas the thermal disc emission dominates during the second outburst. During the entire outburst, strong reflection signature (reflection fraction varies in the range $\sim \, 0.38\!-\!3.8$) is observed in the simultaneous wideband (NICER–NuSTAR, XRT–NuSTAR, AstroSat) data due to the presence of a dynamically evolving corona. The NICER timing analysis shows quasi-periodic oscillation signatures and the characteristic frequency increases (decreases) in the plateau (decline) phase with time during the first outburst. We understand that the reduction of the electron cooling time-scale in the corona due to spectral softening and the resonance oscillation with the local dynamical time-scale may explain the above behaviour of the source during the outburst. Also, we propose a possible scenario of outburst triggering and the associated accretion geometry of the source.
Medicinal Immunoglobulin G Products (2020) Show High Infectivity Neutralizing Activity Against Seasonal Influenza Virus Strains Selected for Future Vaccines (2020–2022)
Authors: Díez José María , Casals Daniel , Romero Carolina , Gajardo Rodrigo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig)G medicinal products manufactured in 2020 were tested for infectivity neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition against World Health Organization-selected influenza strains included in worldwide vaccines 2020–2022. The IgG batches (from US plasma) showed potent activity. Intravenous immunoglobulin could potentially add to therapies for serious influenza cases in immunocompromised patients. Further study is warranted.
Unraveling the Treatment Effect of Baricitinib on Clinical Progression and Resource Utilization in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Secondary Analysis of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Randomized Trial-2
Authors: Fintzi Jonathan , Bonnett Tyler , Tebas Pablo , Marconi Vincent C , Levine Corri B , El Sahly Hana M , McLellan Susan L F , Benson Constance A , Rostad Christina A , Ganesan Anuradha , Huprikar Nikhil , Frank Maria G , Mularski Richard A , Atmar Robert L , Park Pauline K , Short William R , Beigel John H , Mehta Aneesh K , Sweeney Daniel A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The Adaptive COVID Treatment Trial-2 (ACTT-2) found that baricitinib in combination with remdesivir therapy (BCT) sped recovery in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients vs remdesivir monotherapy (RMT). We examined how BCT affected progression throughout hospitalization and utilization of intensive respiratory therapies.

Methods
We characterized the clinical trajectories of 891 ACTT-2 participants requiring supplemental oxygen or higher levels of respiratory support at enrollment. We estimated the effect of BCT on cumulative incidence of clinical improvement and deterioration using competing risks models. We developed multistate models to estimate the effect of BCT on clinical improvement and deterioration and on utilization of respiratory therapies.

Results
BCT resulted in more linear improvement and lower incidence of clinical deterioration compared with RMT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.95). The benefit was pronounced among participants enrolled on high-flow oxygen or noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. In this group, BCT sped clinical improvement (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.51) while slowing clinical deterioration (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.02), which reduced the expected days in ordinal score (OS) 6 per 100 patients by 74 days (95% CI, −8 to 154 days) and the expected days in OS 7 per 100 patients by 161 days (95% CI, 46 to 291 days) compared with RMT. BCT did not benefit participants who were mechanically ventilated at enrollment.

Conclusions
Compared with RMT, BCT reduces the clinical burden and utilization of intensive respiratory therapies for patients requiring low-flow oxygen or noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation compared with RMT and may thereby improve care for this patient population.
The effects of COVID-19 on poisonings in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Zhang Evangeline W J , Davis Adrienne , Finkelstein Yaron , Rosenfield Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to describe the impact of the pandemic on poisoning in children under 18 years presenting to a tertiary care paediatric emergency department (ED) in Canada.

Methods
We utilized the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) surveillance data to identify children presenting to the Hospital for Sick Children for poisonings during two time periods: pre-pandemic (March 11 to December 31, 2018 and 2019) and pandemic (March 11 to December 31, 2020). Primary outcomes investigated the change in proportion for total poisonings, unintentional poisonings, recreational drug use, and intentional self-harm exposures over total ED visits. Secondarily, we examined the change in proportion of poisonings between age, sex, substance type, and admission requirement pre-pandemic versus during pandemic.

Results
The proportions significantly increased for total poisonings (122.5%), unintentional poisonings (127.8%), recreational drug use (160%), and intentional self-harm poisonings (104.2%) over total ED visits. The proportions over all poisoning cases also significantly increased for cannabis (44.3%), vaping (134.6%), other recreational drugs (54.5%), multi-substance use (29.3%), and admissions due to poisonings (44.3%) during the pandemic.

Conclusion
Despite an overall decrease in ED visits, there was a significant increase in poisoning presentations to our ED during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic years. Our results will provide better insight into care delivery and public health interventions for paediatric poisonings.
Adolescent Partnership Quality and Emotional Health: Insights from an Intensive Longitudinal Study
Authors: Villalta Sara I , Goldberg Rachel E , Tienda Marta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Prior research has documented an association between adolescents’ romantic experiences and poor emotional health. However, lack of intensive longitudinal measurement and an emphasis on negative affect have limited understanding about the extent to which adolescent relationship quality influences the emotional health of adolescents in partnerships, including the potential benefits of high-quality partnerships. Previous research has also been limited in its ability to account for factors that select adolescents into lower or higher quality partnerships. Using biweekly intensive longitudinal data from the mDiary Study of Adolescent Relationships linked to six waves of birth cohort data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this paper uses multilevel mixed-effects models to address three questions: (1) How are changes in partnership quality (defined as validation, frequency of disagreements, and global quality) associated with changes in both positive and negative affect; (2) Do observed associations persist net of factors that potentially select adolescents into lower or higher quality partnerships (e.g., childhood family experiences); and (3) Do associations between partnership quality and affect differ by gender? Results show that higher quality partnerships are associated with both decreases in negative affect and increases in positive affect. There were no significant gender differences on average. The study’s findings highlight the importance of partnership quality as a key source of temporal variation in adolescents’ emotional states.
Toward Precision Medicine with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Diabetes
Authors: Memon Bushra , Abdelalim Essam M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although genome profiling provides important genetic and phenotypic details for applying precision medicine to diabetes, it is imperative to integrate in vitro human cell models, accurately recapitulating the genetic alterations associated with diabetes. The absence of the appropriate preclinical human models and the unavailability of genetically relevant cells substantially limit the progress in developing personalized treatment for diabetes. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a scalable source for generating diabetes-relevant cells carrying the genetic signatures of the patients. Remarkably, allogenic hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors and β cells are being used in clinical trials with promising preliminary results. Autologous hiPSC therapy options exist for those with monogenic and type 2 diabetes; however, encapsulation or immunosuppression must be accompanied with in the case of type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies-identified candidate variants can be introduced in hPSCs for deciphering the associated molecular defects. The hPSC-based disease models serve as excellent resources for drug development facilitating personalized treatment. Indeed, hPSC-based diabetes models have successfully provided valuable knowledge by modeling different types of diabetes, which are discussed in this review. Herein, we also evaluate their strengths and shortcomings in dissecting the underlying pathogenic molecular mechanisms and discuss strategies for improving hPSC-based disease modeling investigations.
General access to the Liechtenstein UBO-register and how to restrict it
Authors: Konzett Philipp 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the advent of the UBO-register in Liechtenstein, a paradigm shift took place; What used to be private affairs became information of public interest. In order to safeguard privacy interests, Liechtenstein law still requires the proof of a legitimate interest when requesting access to UBO-data of trusts and trust-like arrangements and provides for a flexible and generous approach when it comes to exempting entities from access. The article examines under which circumstances the general public has access to the Liechtenstein UBO-register and what is necessary to be able to restrict such access.