bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
577 Infra-Inguinal Bypass Graft Surveillance Is an Opportunity to Optimise Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy to Reduce 12-Month Major Amputation and Mortality Rates
Authors: Laloo Ryan , Gadsby Georgia , Jauniaux Benoit , Bailey Marc , Scott Julian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim
Infra-inguinal bypass graft failure within the first two postoperative years can result from stenotic lesions within the conduit and near anastomosis. This study assesses graft surveillance uptake, patency, amputation, and death rates among infra-inguinal bypass surgery patients at 1, 6 and 12-months postoperatively.

Method
Patients undergoing infra-inguinal bypass at a single vascular centre between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2019 were identified from the prospectively collected database. Primary outcomes at 1, 6 and 12-months postoperatively included: duplex-ultrasound (DUS) surveillance uptake, patency, major amputations, and death rates. Statistical analysis with SPSS® was performed using chi-squared tests and paired sample t-tests.

Results
Of the 91 patients included, 79.1% were men and median(IQR) age was 71(62–76). At 1, 6 and 12 months, DUS uptake was 74.2%, 77.5% and 73.3% respectively, primary-assisted patency rates were 88.2%, 78.8% and 65.3% respectively and secondary patency rates were 97.6%, 96.3% and 96.3% respectively. Major amputation rates at 1, 6 and 12 months were 5.4%, 8.6%, 8.6% respectively. Death rates at 1, 6 and 12 months were 3.2%, 5.4% and 10.8% respectively. Patients on statin therapy post-operatively had lower 12-month mortality than those not on statin therapy (7.7% vs 30.0%, p=.028). Major amputation rate at 12 months was lower among patients prescribed antiplatelet therapy (6.3% vs 40%, p=.008).

Conclusions
DUS graft surveillance is a vital opportunity to adequately optimise statin and antiplatelet therapy post-revascularisation to reduce 12-month major amputation and mortality rates.
699 Accounting for Fixation Shrinkage in Temporal Artery Biopsy
Authors: Petrosyan V , Tran C , Whitfield P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim
Ascertain the length shrinkage of Temporal Artery Biopsy (TAB) following fixation to inform current practice and ensure samples taken are in keeping with the British Society of Rheumatology Recommendations.
The British Society of Rheumatology (2020) recommends a sample size of at least 1cm post fixation to be of diagnostic value for Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). Formalin has been shown to cause 20–30% volume shrinkage of histopathological specimens. Shrinkage relating to length, specifically with TABs was shown to be approximately 8% based on a sample size of 13 patients.

Method
A consecutive sample of patients undergoing TAB between January-December 2021 were analysed. Those with measurements documented in the op note were compared to the post fixation measurement documented in the histopathology report. Statistical analysis included demographic data as well p values calculated for the differences in length.

Results
Forty Seven patients were treated for TAB, M:F (1:1.26), Mean Age=73.06 (47–94). Mean pre-fixation length = 26.84mm (SD-8.38), Mean post-fixation length = 20.27mm (SD-8.72). Overall shrinkage was calculated at 25% with a p value of 0.0046, confirming a significant difference between the two sample groups.

Conclusion
This sample demonstrates there to be a clear difference between the two measurements, with a significant percentage shrinkage. Appreciation of shrinkage is vital in obtaining a suitable sample to ensure diagnostic value and appropriate patient care. Further evaluation, both prospective and retrospective is underway with the results pending.
856 The Croydon Elective Centre - Surgical Hub Supporting Patient Care and Surgical Training
Authors: Khitab N , Joyner J , RizkAllah G , Yang N , Vig S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim
NHSE/I and the RCS England have advocated that the separation of elective and surgical care is fundamental in recovering surgical services. It is suggested that the separation is physical, and many Trusts are transforming pathways into elective and emergency hospitals. Croydon Hospital (CHS) have created an alternative, with ‘a Hospital within a Hospital’, separating these pathways within one estate, and considers whether this is a successful model for the future.

Method
The day surgery unit on the ground floor was converted into an emergency centre with an ambulatory surgical hub, a hot clinic, clinical space, 4 emergency theatres and an USS room. The main theatre suite was converted into the Croydon Elective Centre (CEC) with a 12-bedded coronary catheter suite, a lift onto the second floor, 10 theatres, a 12 bedded children's day unit, Moorfields’ eye unit, a new canteen, an admissions unit as well as a 28-bedded elective ward with a new 4-bedded level 1.5 critical care unit.

Results
At the end of wave 1, 3,068 patients awaited treatment, an increase of 30.44% of baseline activity with theatre activity at 28% of normal activity. Activity resumed to 100% within 6 weeks of CEC go live. 2/9,606 patients were Covid-19 positive in the first year. During wave 2, 60% of pre-Covid-19 activity continued. Currently, 2,098 patients await treatment.

Conclusion
The implementation of a surgical hub has supported the treatment of patients as well as provided continuous training opportunities for surgical and anaesthetic trainees as well as the theatre team.
876 Veriset Haemostatic Patch, Indications, Benefits and Complications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang J , Zhou A , Jawaid A , Adebayo O , Hashmi Y , Krkovic M , Ahmed Z 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim
Achieving haemostasis intraoperatively is important for minimising blood loss, complications, and operation time. Suturing, cauterisation, fibrin glues and patches are used for this purpose. We explore Veriset, a patch consisting of polyethylene glycol and oxidised cellulose, to determine and compare its safety and effectiveness.

Method
Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl and Cochrane databases were searched. Data points collected were Study/subject characteristics/demographics, surgery/specialty, time to haemostasis, proportion of haemostasis achieved, intraoperative adverse events, post operative complications, follow up time, and biochemical/histological analysis. Risk of Bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale

Results
Six studies were included; four human trials (3 RCTs, 1 case series) and two animal trials.
The human trials combined had 250 patients, with 147 using Veriset. In two RCTs, Veriset showed faster time to haemostasis and higher proportion of haemostasis achieved vs suturing and Tachosil haemostatic patch. In all three RCTs, no significant differences in adverse events and complications were seen between Veriset and suturing/Tachosil. Vascular, nephrectomy and hepatic surgery were investigated.
In the animal studies, the pig trial showed similar effectiveness and safety as the human trials. The rat study compared novel experimental patches to Veriset, and showed similar effectiveness to Veriset, at reduced costs.

Conclusions
Although current literature is scarce, Veriset is more effective than alternatives for haemostasis, with similar safety, although there are now other experimental patches that could have better health economic implications. Further clinical trials would be necessary to determine the breadth of applicable surgical fields for Veriset.
Identifying under-adaptation of farms to climate change
Authors: Zeilinger Julian , Niedermayr Andreas , Quddoos Abdul , Kantelhardt Jochen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdaptation is a key strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change on agriculture. Econometric studies are extensively used to account for adaptation within impact assessment, but are generally based on the assumption of fully adapted farms. Building on increasing evidence of potential limitations of adaptation, we develop a conceptual framework which allows us to relax this assumption and empirically analyse climate change adaptation at the farm level. Our findings indicate under-adaptation of Austrian farms, contradicting the assumption of full adaptation. In the context of ongoing climate change, this calls for further development and implementation of effective farm-level adaptation measures.
Explosive Cenozoic radiation and diversity-dependent diversification dynamics shaped the evolution of Australian skipper butterflies
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuel F A , Braby Michael F , Müller Chris J , Dexter Kelly M , Storer Caroline , Lohman David J , Kawahara Akito Y 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAustralia was predominantly tropical for most of the Early Cenozoic, then transitioned to a cooler and drier climate in the Oligocene. In response to this increasing aridity, some lineages either adapted to xeric ecosystems, contracted to increasingly fragmented mesic refugia, or went extinct. However, the lack of macroevolutionary studies at a continental scale precludes a better understanding of Australian biodiversity patterns and processes during the Cenozoic. Here, we infer a robust, dated phylogenomic tree for a radiation of Australian endemic butterflies, the Trapezitinae skippers, to test the impact of biotic and abiotic drivers on Cenozoic diversification dynamics in Australia. These butterflies originated during the Eocene (c. 42 Mya) in the mesic biome of Australia. Trapezitinae exploded in diversity during a cool, dry period in the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene, then experienced a sharp deceleration in speciation. Xeric ecosystems appear to have been colonized more recently, supporting the hypothesis of arid and semi-arid biomes as evolutionary sinks. Temperature-dependent and phytophagy-dependent diversification models received little support. Instead, we find evidence for diversity-dependent processes with declining diversification in Trapezitinae likely linked to limited ecological opportunities following a rapid initial burst of diversification.
Let’s Work Together! Wikipedia Language Communities’ Attempts to Represent Events Worldwide
Authors: Li Ang , Farzan Rosta , López Claudia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With over 300 language communities, Wikipedia offers a multilingual environment for collective reporting of events worldwide. However, most research on documenting events has focused on English Wikipedia. Our work explores the extent of global coverage of event articles in the English Wikipedia and Wikipedia communities associated with three of the most spoken languages globally: Arabic, Chinese and Spanish. We also compare the process of collaboratively writing event articles across these communities. Our results provide evidence that while there is an indication of self-focus bias, there is also strong evidence of a global representation of events across different Wikipedia communities. Moreover, we observe that while limited resources in smaller Wikipedia communities have different collaboration patterns, their efforts lead to similar levels of content quality after a week. We discuss the implications of our results for Wikipedia and the design of multi-language information production communities.
New Questions for an Old Alliance: NATO in Cyberspace and American Public Opinion
Authors: Guenther Lindsey , Musgrave Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCybersecurity poses new questions for old alliances. These questions emerge with special force in the case of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Russian Federation wields substantial cyber capabilities, but NATO members have been ambivalent about stating what sorts of attacks would trigger the North Atlantic Treaty's Article 5 collective self-defense provisions. Nevertheless, NATO officials state that there are some attacks that would trigger Article 5. This leads to a puzzle: why would an explicit alliance guarantee designed to ensure collective defense against certain forms of attack be informally extended to include others? Because the policy of the United States toward such questions will likely be of great significance in determining NATO policy, we use a series of survey experiments to test American public opinion regarding support for defending allies and friendly countries against cyber operations. Respondents are likelier to support a response to an attack that causes fatalities and when the victim has a treaty alliance with the United States. In contrast, support falls if US participation is likely to provoke further retaliation or the target attacked is civilian rather than military.
Hepatolithiasis caused by right hepatic artery branches forming an arterial ring compressing the common hepatic duct
Authors: Wang Yifan , Motz Benjamin M , Strand Matthew S , Martinie John B , Vrochides Dionisios , Baker Erin , Iannitti David A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Anatomic variations of the hepatic artery do not usually cause biliary obstruction. We present a 51-year-old male who developed biliary obstruction and hepatolithiasis due to extrinsic compression of the common hepatic duct (CHD) by an arterial ring formed by the anterior and posterior branches of the right hepatic artery. We performed a surgical bile duct exploration and used intraoperative direct cholangioscopy to guide clearance of hepatolithiasis. Herein, we review the existing literature on CHD compression caused by topographical variants of the hepatic artery and discuss diagnostic and treatment strategies.
New Opioid Persistence in Veterans Following Major and Minor Surgery
Authors: Kiamanesh Cyrus S , Fuller Mitchell C , Lu Marvin , Nordin Emily J , Ma Jessie X , Dugan Shannon M , Cummings Craig E , Sherman Katherine , Ebert Thomas J 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Opioids are often a mainstay of managing postsurgical pain. Persistent use of opioids for more than 90 days after surgery is problematic, and the incidence of this adverse outcome has been reported in the civilian population ranging from 0.4% to 7%. Veterans compose a special population exposed to trauma and stressful situations and consequently face increased risk for habit-forming behavior and drug overdose. This evaluation determined the prevalence of opioid persistence after surgery and its relationship to patient characteristics in a military veteran population.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was completed on 1,257 veterans who were opioid naive and had undergone a surgical procedure between January 2017 and May 2018. Patient characteristics, health conditions, and discharge opioid medications were recorded, and the incidence of persistent opioid use beyond 90 days was determined.

Results
The incidence of opioid persistence following major (3.3%) and minor (3.4%) procedures was similar. The incidence in patients younger than 45 years (3.3%), between 45 and 64 years (4.3%), and 65 years and older (2.2%) was also determined to be similar. Univariate patient factors associated with an increased risk for persistent opioid use include cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% CI, 1.11-4.09), mental health disorders (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.17-4.60), and substance use disorders (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.09-4.00).

Conclusions
Among a cohort of over 1,200 opioid-naïve veterans undergoing surgery at a VA Medical Center, just over 3% went on to develop persistent opioid use beyond 3 months following their procedure. Persistent use was not found to be related to the type of procedure (major or minor) or patient age. Significant patient-level risk factors for opioid persistence were cancer and a history of mental health and substance use disorders.
RNAseq Analysis of Brain Aging in Wild Specimens of Short-Lived Turquoise Killifish: Commonalities and Differences With Aging Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Mazzetto Mariateresa , Caterino Cinzia , Groth Marco , Ferrari Elisa , Reichard Martin , Baumgart Mario , Cellerino Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A vast body of studies is available that describe age-dependent gene expression in relation to aging in a number of different model species. These data were obtained from animals kept in conditions with reduced environmental challenges, abundant food, and deprivation of natural sensory stimulation.
Here, we compared wild- and captive aging in the short-lived turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri). These fish inhabit temporary ponds in the African savannah. When the ponds are flooded, eggs hatch synchronously, enabling a precise timing of their individual and population age. We collected the brains of wild fish of different ages and quantified the global age-dependent regulation of transcripts using RNAseq. A major difference between captive and wild populations is that wild populations had unlimited access to food and hence grew to larger sizes and reached asymptotic size more rapidly, enabling the analysis of age-dependent gene expression without the confounding effect of adult brain growth.
We found that the majority of differentially expressed genes show the same direction of regulation in wild and captive populations. However, a number of genes were regulated in opposite direction. Genes downregulated in the wild and upregulated in captivity were enriched for terms related to neuronal communication. Genes upregulated in the wild and downregulated in captive conditions were enriched in terms related to DNA replication.
Finally, the rate of age-dependent gene regulation was higher in wild animals, suggesting a phenomenon of accelerated aging.
Probiotic bacteria isolated from fermented meat displays high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential
Authors: Kostelac Deni , Gerić Marko , Gajski Goran , Frece Jadranka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne of the ways to impact emerging problems of unhealthy diet such as microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress is the application of probiotics and their incorporation into different food matrices. Discovery and selection of appropriate probiotic bacteria is challenging procedure especially for fermented meat products that have also been described as a potential source of resilient probiotic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate probiotic bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1K isolated from traditional fermented meat product for its potential beneficial properties. Furthermore, small probiotic metabolites were extracted, and their anti-inflammatory activity was tested in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory model on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Safety characteristics of metabolites including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were also determined. Investigated probiotic strain exerted high antioxidant potential by viable cells but also by metabolite fraction. Viable cells retained the satisfactory antioxidant activity after gastrointestinal transit. Extracted probiotic metabolites significantly inhibited TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated PBMC thus exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Metabolites alone showed no cytotoxic or genotoxic activity toward isolated immune cells. Obtained results indicate the possibility to use fermented meat products as sources for specific probiotics that might provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits for the consumers.
KLF9 and KLF13 transcription factors boost myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes as partners of SOX10 and MYRF
Authors: Bernhardt Celine , Sock Elisabeth , Fröb Franziska , Hillgärtner Simone , Nemer Mona , Wegner Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Differentiated oligodendrocytes produce myelin and thereby ensure rapid nerve impulse conduction and efficient information processing in the vertebrate central nervous system. The Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF9 enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation in culture, but appears dispensable in vivo. Its mode of action and role within the oligodendroglial gene regulatory network are unclear. Here we show that KLF9 shares its expression in differentiating oligodendrocytes with the closely related KLF13 protein. Both KLF9 and KLF13 bind to regulatory regions of genes that are important for oligodendrocyte differentiation and equally recognized by the central differentiation promoting transcription factors SOX10 and MYRF. KLF9 and KLF13 physically interact and synergistically activate oligodendrocyte-specific regulatory regions with SOX10 and MYRF. Similar to KLF9, KLF13 promotes differentiation and myelination in primary oligodendroglial cultures. Oligodendrocyte differentiation is also altered in KLF13-deficient mice as demonstrated by a transiently reduced myelin gene expression during the first postnatal week. Considering mouse phenotypes, the similarities in expression pattern and genomic binding and the behaviour in functional assays, KLF9 and KLF13 are important and largely redundant components of the gene regulatory network in charge of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination.
Association of Repeated Blood Cultures With Mortality in Adult Patients With Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shinohara Jun , Hanai Shogo , Jung Jongtak , Song Kyoung-Ho , Iwata Mitsunaga , Terasawa Teruhiko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Performing repeat blood cultures after an initial positive culture (ie, follow-up blood cultures [FUBCs]) in patients with gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia is controversial. We aimed to comprehensively review the association of FUBCs with improvement in patient-relevant clinical outcomes in GNB bacteremia.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis to calculate summary effect estimates. We used hazard ratios as the effect measure. The primary outcome was 30-day or in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes were length of treatment and length of hospital stay. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) without language restrictions from inception to April 29, 2022. Original clinical studies evaluating the association between FUBCs and mortality in adult patients with GNB bacteremia were included. FUBC details were reviewed. Two independent reviewers used the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool.

Results
We identified 9 eligible retrospective studies. In total, 7778 hospitalized patients with GNB bacteremia were included. The studies were clinically heterogeneous and had a critical risk of bias. The utilization of FUBCs varied across studies (18%–89%). Random-effects meta-analysis of covariate-adjusted estimates found that FUBC use was associated with reduced mortality. Although not a result of the meta-analysis, lengths of treatment and hospital stay were longer for patients with FUBCs than for those without. Adverse events were not reported.

Conclusions
FUBC acquisition was associated with lower mortality and longer hospital stay and treatment duration in GNB bacteremia. The risk of bias was critical, and no firm data were available to support mechanisms.
Longitudinal Virological and Immunological Profile in a Case of Human Monkeypox Infection
Authors: Zingaropoli Maria Antonella , Parente Alberico , Kertusha Blerta , Campagna Roberta , Tieghi Tiziana , Garattini Silvia , Marocco Raffaella , Carraro Anna , Tortellini Eeva , Guardiani Mariasilvia , Dominelli Federica , Turriziani Ombretta , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Del Borgo Cosmo , Lichtner Miriam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn a male with severe proctitis, monkeypox virus DNA was detected in skin lesions, blood, the nasopharynx, and the rectum, underlying generalized viral spreading. Rectal involvement was still found when skin lesions disappeared. At this early stage, an increase of cytotoxic and activated T cells was observed, while a reduction in CD56dimCD57+ NK cells compared with recovery time point was observed.