bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2H-tetrazole-2-acetate on Net Photosynthesis, Stomatal Resistance, and Transpiration in ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Leaves1
Authors: Love John M. , Barden John A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chemical pinching agent ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2H-tetrazole-2-acetate (PP528) was tested for its effects on rates of net photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (Tr), and on stomatal resistance (rs) in leaves of 1-year-old container-grown apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Golden Delicious and Starking Delicious). ‘Delicious’ leaves treated with 80 ppm PP 528 exhibited lower rates of Pn and Tr and higher rs than control leaves. ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves were unaffected by 80 ppm PP 528. We conclude that PP 528 was translocated from the leaf surface to the apical meristem and that stomatal aperture in ‘Delicious’ was reduced by PP 528.
Diurnal Changes of Leaf and Fruit Water Potentials of Sweet Cherries during the Harvest Period1
Authors: Tvergyak P. J. , Richardson D. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diurnal leaf and fruit water Potentials (Ψ) of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) showed that fruit pedicel Ψ was always lower at 6 AM then leaf Ψ but leaf Ψ as usually lower during the day. Varietal differences in Ψ occur but fruit maturity does not appear to have an effect. Minimum fruit pedicel Ψ was reached at about 2 PM and then recovered to the earlier higher Ψ as water uptake occured during the night.
Flowering in Mango Induced with Potassium Nitrate1
Authors: Bondad N. D. , Linsangan Ester 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Carabao’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) shoots about 8.5 months old required only 7 days from spraying 10 to 160 g/liter KNO3 to attain 100% flowering. ‘Pahutan’ shoots 4.8 months-old exhibited 60 to 80% flowering in 7 days and 100% in 14 days with 10 to 80 g/liter. Eleven out of 12 ‘Pico’ trees flowered 8 days after spraying 10g/liter KNO3 on dark green shoots of undetermined age. Flower induction was uniform in practically all trees. All control shoots and unsprayed portions of the canopy remained vegetative long after termination of the experiments.
Sources of Resistance to Two Important Diseases of Winged Bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.1
Authors: Thompson A. E. , Haryono Sri Kuntjijati 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two economically significant diseases have been observed on experimental plantings of winged beans in Central Java. One is caused by a yellow mosaic type virus (YMV), previously unreported, and the second is false rust, a fungus disease incited by Synchytrium psophocarpi (Rac.) Gaumann. Sources of resistance to both diseases that may serve as parental material for the development of resistant cultivars have been found among 69 accessions surveyed.
Potato Growth Responses in Arcillite and Sand1
Authors: Hiller L. K. , Koller D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root and plant growth and tuber development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were considerably better in arcillite than in white quartz sand. Arcillite has several advantages for root and tuber studies requiring minimal damage to the tissue and/or adherence of the media to the root System. Mineral element analysis indicated that various nutrients including boron in arcillite became slowly available for plant growth.
Reaction of Twelve Sweet Potato Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Two Root-knot Species with Three Experimental Methods1
Authors: Bonsi C. K. , Phills B. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Twelve cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) and M. javanica (Chitwood) using “greenhouse bed, ” “greenhouse cylinder, ” and “field” methods. Comparable results were obtained irrespective of the method used; however, the cylinder methods confined roots to an area readily accessible to the nematodes, permitted periodic root observations without destroying the root system, and was more conducive to effective evaluations at an earlier stage.
A Comparison of Three Methods of Maturity Determination in Sweet Corn1
Authors: Drake S. R. , Nelson J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between soluble solids and moisture in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was not significantly influenced by cultivars or cultural practices. Soluble solids could be used to predict moisture values (y:98.82 – 0.95X, Sy·x = 1.09 within ±1%). Data from soluble solids and microwave oven methods were collected in 3 minutes or less and were com parable with data from the vacuum oven method.
U.C. Honey Dew Bush Breeding Line1
Authors: Zink F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
U.C. Honey Dew Bush is a short-internode, andromonoecious, green flesh, muskmelon, Cucumis melo L. It has value as a germplasm source for selection of a mechanical harvest type and/or a compact plant for the home garden.
Commercial Greenhouse Heating With Reject Heat From Electric Generating Plants1
Authors: Widmer R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most greenhouse operators were unconcerned about warnings of limited fuel supplies until the “oil crisis” of 1973. Suddenly everyone was concerned over increasing prices of oil and natural gas, and more critically over their possible inability to obtain an adequate, steady supply of fuel. Prices increased regularly thereafter but until recently, fear over an adequate supply diminished.
Responsibilities to Worldwide Horticulture. Presidential Address
Authors: Gabelman W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Warren H. Gabelman was born on April 18, 1921, in Tilden, Nebraska. Following graduation from Tilden High School in 1938, he entered the University of Nebraska, where it was his good fortune to have Professor H. O. Werner as an advisor and an employer. Professor Werner conveyed the “excitement of discovery” and the importance of a strong philosophy of research, which became building blocks for the professional career that developed. Sports were also important. He was an outfielder on the varsity baseball team for 3 years. It was at the University of Nebraska that he met his wife, Alberta.
In Quest of Rapid Screening Techniques for Plant Salt Tolerance1
Authors: Shannon M. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid screening techniques for selecting salt-tolerant plants are heretofore untried, untested, or unproven. Theoretically, we know it is possible to screen plants for this trait. Halophytes and salt-tolerant ecotypes exist in nature and variability in tolerance has been demonstrated in a number of agronomic species (48). However, the complexities of salt tolerance and the multitude of ways in which plants adjust and adapt to it have caused much confusion. The effect of salinity on a plant may depend on ontogeny (3, 11), humidity (21, 22, 34), temperature (21, 35), light (14, 35), irrigation management (8, 9), cultural practices (6, 11), soil fertility (10, 32), air pollution (20, 26), and the particular growth or yield parameter measured (3, 49). If all environmental conditions are optimal it is possible to grow some agricultural crops at seawater salinity concentrations. Barley, wheat, millet, and various other crops have been grown on sandy beach areas using seawater for irrigation (4, 5, 16, 24). The use of sand facilitates leaching and minimizes salinity accumulation. Additionally, coastal areas may be cool and humid, and, if fogs are common, have low light intensities. These factors create a favorable environment and decrease salinity damage. Recently, Epstein and colleagues used such an environment to screen a barley composite for salt tolerance (16). Several lines were selected which seemed to produce higher yields than the test cultivars. It is possible that such research will result in the selection of traits that will enhance salt tolerance in barley cultivars adapted to other environments.
Pink Phloem in ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees with Dead Spur Disorder1
Authors: Klaren C. H. , Ketchie D. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pink phloem was found during the winter months in all spurs on ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees affected by dead spur disorder and was less frequent the remainder of the year. On healthy trees pink phloem was found in young spurs, but seldom at the base of older spurs. The pigment was identified as the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-galactoside.
The Effect of Nitrogen Concentration and Supplemental Light on the Growth and Quality of ‘Caliente’ Roses1
Authors: Armitage A. M. , Tsujita M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nutrient solutions containing concentrations of 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm N were applied to Rosa hybrida cv. Caliente grown under either 18 hours of high pressure sodium light of 110µEm-2s-1 quantum flux density or ambient light. Supplemental light increased yield and decreased foliar N and time to flower compared with ambient light. The lowest N level (200 ppm) produced the highest yield under ambient light, but 300 ppm N was optimum under supplemental light High N concentrations reduced stem grade under ambient light. Stem length, stem diameter, fresh weight, keeping quality, days to flower, and foliar nitrogen were not significantly affected by nitrogen treatment.
Nitrogen Requirements for Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott ‘Rooseveltii’1
Authors: Morgan David L. , Hipp Billy W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen applied to ‘Roosevelt’ Boston fern in the greenhouse at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm concentrations increased dry weight, frond length, and leaf area up to 200 ppm, but all decreased at 300 ppm.
Zinc Deficiency Symptoms of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens1
Authors: Marlatt R. B. , McRitchie J. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Symptoms of zinc deficiency in hydroponically-grown Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. included plant stunting, uniformly chlorotic foliage and very small leaves bearing stubby, clustered pinnae.
Growth Acceleration of Pin Oak Seedlings with a Mycorrhizal Fungus1
Authors: Maronek Dale M. , Hendrix James W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch differed in increasing growth of pin oak seedlings (Quercus palustris Meunchh.) greenhouse-grown in 165 ml tubes containing 1 peat:1 perlite (by volume). At the 4.5 kg/m3 rate of 14N-6P-11.6K Osmocote, a slow release fertilizer, one isolate significantly increased height of seedlings, compared to seedlings not inoculated or inoculated with a second isolate. The 4.5 kg/m3 rate of Osmocote did not suppress mycorrhizae formation by either isolate. At a lower fertilizer rate (1.1 kg/m3 of Osmocote), no differences in height were found among inoculated and uninoculated controls.
Field Evaluation of Breeding Lines and Cultivars of Sweet Potato for Resistance to the Sweet Potato Weevil1
Authors: Rolston L. H. , Barlow Thomas , Hernandez Teme , Nilakhe Shashank S. , Jones Alfred 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Breeding lines and cultivars of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam were evaluated in the field during a 4 year period for resistance to the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Appreciable resistance occurred in lines from Louisiana, Nigeria, Asia, and the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory. Lines performed similarly with respect to resistance when evaluated in 2 or more years.
Isolation of Natural Cytokinins from Lettuce Leaves1
Authors: Kemp Thomas R. , Knavel Dean E. , Hamilton James L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cytokinins were extracted from lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L., butterhead type), purified by cation exchange, paper and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and bioassayed with tobacco callus. Compounds with chromatographic mobilities corresponding to those of zeatin and zeatin riboside were detected. The inner, developing leaves of the heads contained most of the cytokinin activity.
Response of Pepper to Transplant Clipping and Daminozide1
Authors: Knavel Dean E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clipped pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants produced as well as control plants, but out-yielded plants sprayed with butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide). Clipping increased branching and fruiting sites. Solution-culture studies showed fresh weight of clipped plants to be similar to that of daminozide-treated plants, but root and shoot growth of treated plants was less than that of control plants. The different growth responses affected N and Ca absorption.
Horticultural Therapy Programs in Britain and the United States1
Authors: Grossmann R. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A general review of the literature from Great Britain and the United States indicates that the use of horticulture for therapy is not new (3). Why horticulture was and still is unusually popular as a therapeutic medium is not clear; articles from the paraprofessional journals claim the therapeutic benefit is due to an inherent relationship between people and plants, although little assessment of this claim is discussed. However, horticultural therapy has achieved a degree of “professional status” through the establishment of courses at the graduate and undergraduate levels, and by the National Council for Therapy and Rehabilitation Through Horticulture (NCTRH), based on the education and/or expertise of the horticultural therapist (Grades HTT, HTR, HTM), which was recognized by the United States Civil Service. The recent literature has mentioned interest and on-going projects from 5 main groups: the long-term caring institutions, volunteer groups, agencies for horticultural therapy, various universities, and centers of horticultural activity such as arboreta. The NCTRH has been largely responsible for coordinating information through newsletters sent to some 400 members and organizations.
A Bibliography for Horticultural Therapy (1970-1978): Comparison of Literature Search Techniques in an Interdisciplinary Field1
Authors: Markee Katherine M. , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although the therapeutic value of gardening is an old concept, the present awareness of “horticultural therapy” as a special form of rehabilitation dates from the mid 1940‘s when institutions such as the Menninger Clinic and the New York University Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine were actively involved in therapy programs involving plant care and gardening. Horticultural therapy is thus a young field and its literature is diffused in publication of the medical, social, and agricultural sciences covering disciplines such as horticulture, psychology, education, medicine, sociology, nursing, and rehabilitation. This diversity presents special problems in tracking ongoing research and the literature in this field. The present study had 2 objectives: 1) to initiate a bibliography in horticultural therapy and 2) to compare various literature search techniques for their applicability in an interdisciplinary field.
The Student Intern Program to Assist Iowa County Extension Staff1
Authors: Naeve L. , Taber H. G. , Kling G. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The 6-month student intern program offered by the Department of Horticulture at Iowa State University assists rural and urban Iowans in home food production through extension programs, mass media, and community projects. Advanced undergraduate horticulture students are granted internships at the county/area level and receive credits and a salary for their work. An extension horticulture associate based in the department provides the overall leadership and coordination.
Intern training sessions concentrate on the type of questions to expect and problem diagnosis methods. More than 50% of homeowner concerns are related to home food production. The intern program has been received enthusiastically and has reduced the summer workload of county staff and state specialists.
Adventive Embryony in Apple1
Authors: Eichholtz David A. , Robitaille Henry A. , Hasegawa Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Adventive embryos of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), with differentiated cotyledons and axes, were initiated from micropylar halves of nucellus cultured in darkness on Murashige and Skoog’s salts, vitamins, glycine, and sucrose. Embryos were observed 50 days after culture. Reculture of embryos onto the same medium resulted in proliferation of embryo-like structures from their cotyledons.
Effect of Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Daminozide on Growth and First Fruiting of Dwarf Apple Trees1
Authors: Williams J. M. , Thompson A. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
N and P fertilization at planting increased plant height in the first growing season of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing (M) 26 rootstocks. P fertilizer stimulated lateral bud break and, at 0.023 kg P, resulting in an increase in trunk caliper. When P was combined with 2,000 ppm butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide), no trunk response resulted. The greatest number of flower clusters and fruits developed as a result of 0.046 kg P in combination with daminozide.
Relationship between Cold Hardiness and Normalized Electrical Impedance in Unfrozen ‘Delicious’ Apple Shoots1
Authors: Evert D. R. , Cooley D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Normalized electrical impedance and cold hardiness were measured for internodal sections of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) during fall and winter for 2 years. Each year, the normalized impedance for the August date was significantly higher than on later dates. The relationship between normalized impedance and cold hardiness was inconsistent; r2=0.03 and P>5%, first year and r2=0.4 and P<1%, second year. The relationship between cold hardiness and the mean temperature for the 7 days before the sample date was consistent; r2=0.85 and P<1%, first year and r2=0.81 and P<1%, second year. The slope of the line relating sample diameter and normalized impedance changed from plus to minus each year.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Ethephon on Enzymatic Browning of ‘Redhaven’ Peaches1
Authors: Paulson A. T. , Vanderstoep J. , Eaton G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Trees of ‘Redhaven’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were sprayed with 100 ppm gibberellic acid (GA) or 75 or 150 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) 21 or 46 days after full bloom and the ripe fruits were evaluated for enzymatic browning. Treated fruit had less browning than untreated fruit and fruit treated 46 days after bloom had less browning than fruit treated 21 days after bloom. Purees from ethephon treated fruit had higher pH values than those from GA treated fruit. Fresh weight of ethephon treated fruit varied with ethephon concentration and time of application. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and o-diphenol content were not affected by treatment. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 81% of the variation in browning was explained by variations in treatment, treatment application date, o-diphenol content, PPO activity and fresh weight.
Effects of Ethephon and Gibberellic Acid on Thinning Peaches1
Authors: Young Eric , Edgerton L. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit retention on several cultivars of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) was reduced when (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 37.5 to 150 ppm was applied during fruit stage I and the beginning of stage II. Leaf yellowing and early drop as well as gummosis of branches and fruits frequently occurred as side effects. Simultaneous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) at 50 to 100 ppm significantly reduced or eliminated the undesirable side effects of ethephon without altering the thinning response.
Comparative Effects of Shading and Defoliation of Myrobalan Plum on Nitrate Uptake from Nutrient Solutions1
Authors: Therios I. N. , Weinbaum S. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonbearing Myrobalan 3-J (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) plum trees were maintained at 35 klx, 25°C, and 70% relative humidity in aerated nutrient solutions. Net nitrate uptake (NU) was not reduced during 10 hours of darkness. With defoliation, NU declined within 20 hours, reaching about 50% in 50 hours. The metabolism required for nutrient uptake was presumably supported during darkness by substrate reserves. The lower NU following defoliation is consistent with the view that leaves are important reservoirs of substrate and/or hormones.
The Influence of Two Methods of Foliar Application of Zinc and Adjuvant Solutions on Leaflet Zinc Concentration in Pecan Trees1
Authors: Smith M. W. , Storey J. B. , Westfall P. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zinc solutions applied by aircraft did not increase the zinc concentration in leaflets of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] above the deficiency level. Solutions applied by a hydraulic sprayer increased leaflet zinc concentration above that resulting from aerial application. Zinc concentration of pecan leaflets was not enhanced by addition of a surfactant or chelate but was enhanced by the use of zinc-urea-surfactant solutions. Data indicate that aerial foliar applications of solutions do not usually increase leaflet zinc concentration to the minimum level of 60 ppm required for normal growth.
Effect of Ethephon on Ripening of ‘Cowar’ Muscadine Grapes1
Authors: Lane R. P. , Flora L. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) were applied to replicated 3-vine plots of nearly ripe ‘Cowar’ muscadine grapes (V. rotundifolia Michx.) and fruits harvested 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment evaluated for ripeness and quality. Force required to release berries from stems decreased as ethephon concentration and time after treatment increased. Soluble solids were significantly lower in the 100 and 200 ppm treated fruit while percent dry stem scar increased. Acidity and soluble solids/acid ratio showed no changed from the control. Penetration force (berry firmness) did not differ from the control for ethephon concentration but had decreased 48 hours after treatment.
Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Abscisic Acid Content in ‘Earliwax’ Snapbean Seed1
Authors: Makus D. J. , Shannon C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds from plants of ‘Earliwax’ snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) stressed at 46°C during the reproductive cycle had higher abscisic acid (ABA) levels (285 ng/g) than those of plants stressed at lower temperatures (257 ng/g at 41°C, 249 ng/g at 35°). Higher levels of ABA in seeds also resulted when more mature plants were stressed. A trend towards higher levels of ABA/g seed was observed in plants grown under 16 hour days (219 ng/g) as opposed to 10 hour days (139 ng/g).
The Effect of Bulb and Neck Size upon Establishment of Transplanted Onions1
Authors: Ramtohul Mooneshwar , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The diameter of the bulb to the neck (bulbing ratio) of ‘Yellow Bermuda’ and ‘Red Burgundy’ onions (Alluim cepa L.) grown from seed in a glasshouse was determined and the seedlings transplanted in the field. Plants with a large bulbing ratio (above 3.37) did not resume growth. The bulbing ratio can be used to determine which plants will resume growth after transplanting.
Regrowth Control by Injection of Growth Regulators in Seedlings of Four Tree Species1
Authors: Ufferman D. H. , Roberts B. R. , Brown G. K. , Carr S. R. , Kwolek W. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Topped 1- and 2-year-old seedlings of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.) and American elm (Ulmus americana L.) were treated with each of 10 growth regulating chemicals in the greenhouse by chemical injection. Daminozide [butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide], maleic hydrazide [l,2-dihydro-3,6 pyridazinedione] and the soldium salt of dikegulac [2,3:4,6-bis-0-(l-methyl-ethylidene)-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid] controlled regrowth at appropriate concentrations without causing unacceptable phytotoxicity.