bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I Got the Call – Not Him’
Authors: Frost Marie-Luise 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper examines how the call to found their own churches has allowed and enabled women to subvert and challenge prescribed gender roles. It focuses on African Initiated Churches including both African Independent and Pentecostal Charismatic churches. While the importance of women in these churches is widely acknowledged, less attention has been given to the question of how female church founders gain and maintain their leadership positions. Drawing on historical cases as well as on interviews with founders and church leaders conducted in South Africa and Nigeria, this paper shows how the charismatic authority and doctrinal independence women gain through the call not only legitimate their position but enable them to challenge social and doctrinal norms and thus emancipate themselves from traditional gender roles. However, it also discusses whether in some cases women did not fully use their authority in order to keep it.
Attitude toward Virtual Communion in Relation to Church Tradition during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom
Authors: Village Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Attitude toward virtual communion was assessed among 3,300 Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Free Church clergy and laity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK in 2021. A six-item unidimensional scale (Scale of Attitude Toward Virtual Communion, SATVC) assessed attitude related to receiving communion during online services, the necessity of priests for consecration and lay presidency of communion at home. Church tradition predicted attitude in ways that were in line with historical understandings of the Eucharist and ecclesial debates about the necessity of priests to preside over ritual. Within traditions, other factors operated in different ways, producing a complex web of interactions. Older people were more positive about virtual communion than younger ones, but mainly in Catholic traditions. Clergy were more negative in most traditions except Free Church. Having a generally conservative doctrinal stance drove Catholic and Reformed traditions in opposite directions. Liturgical stance predicted SATVC independently of doctrinal stance, and more traditional stance tended to lead to more uniformity, rather than divergence, between traditions.
The Impact of the European Union on Turkey’s Policy of Immigration Detention
Authors: Canga Pinar , Behrman Simon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the context of rising populist and nationalist politics amongst some EU states and throughout the world, the EU prides itself on the principle of free movement, and its adherence to a detailed set of human rights norms. However, this dichotomy obscures a more complex reality. The problem is that ‘free movement’ is conceived of, in EU terms, as solely relating to internal movement. When it comes to its external relations, the EU arguably comes to more closely resemble the politics of the critics of ‘free movement’ in the UK and elsewhere. The policy, colloquially known as ‘Fortress Europe’ has been around for some time, and the EU’s response to the refugees attempting to enter via the Mediterranean in recent years has not been defined by a humanitarian approach. Another way in which the EU’s prejudices around non-European migration can be observed is through its external relations with other states. We explore the case of EU-Turkey relations, and by doing so reveal the ways in which the EU has attempted to alter the policies of its partner, and putative member state, in ways that place burdens on migrants rather than relieving them. Turkey as the EU’s ‘candidate’ country has adopted these policies without much debate about alternatives to detention or ethics of detaining people as long as certain standards were met. This candidate-EU relationship, although strained a few years back, has finally led to the readmission agreement in 2015 where immigration detention became the norm.
Was There Ever an Egyptian Empire in the Northern Levant? Debunking the Egyptological Myth of Dynasty 18
Authors: Zangani Federico 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article sets out to debunk the Egyptological myth of Dynasty 18 as a successful imperial power through an evidence-based reconsideration of the local histories of five Syrian cities – Qadesh, Ugarit, Tunip, Qatna, and Niya. A combined analysis of Egyptian and cuneiform sources, including the recently published Hurro-Akkadian documents from Qatna, clearly indicates a progressive failure of the foreign policies of the pharaonic monarchy from Tuthmosid times through the Amarna Period, and this study challenges Egyptological consensus and denies the very existence of an Egyptian empire in the northern Levant. Theories from International Relations that question sovereignty and territoriality and the growing body of research on global cities and city diplomacy outline a promising avenue of future research to reconsider the nexus between diplomacy and the failure of imperialism, and to reappraise Dynasty 18 not as an imperialist power, but as a territorial state struggling to cope with the geopolitical and economic challenges of globalization.
Bolesław Prus’s Pharaoh(s) – Two Literary Visions of the Human Condition and Our Fascination with Ancient Egypt
Authors: Popielska-Grzybowska Joanna , Zinkow Leszek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses two publications and two “pharaohs” (fictitious protagonists) in the historical and Egyptological context of a short story and a novel by Polish writer Aleksander Głowacki (a.k.a. Bolesław Prus). It looks at the observations of a writer fascinated by the dramas of powerful, extraordinary people and visions of a civilization that were firmly embedded in Poland and the whole of Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. The first discussed publication is a short story, A Legend of Old Egypt, on Ramzes (all names given in original spelling provided, either by the author in the case of the short story or the translator in the case of the novel) and his grandson, Horus – the first work in which Prus used “historical costume” to comment on the present and on the human condition. The plot of the masterpiece, Pharaoh, takes place in ancient Egypt and is a story of Ramses XIII’s life. The authors of this paper intend to explore the complexity of Prus’s protagonists against a historical and Egyptological background.
Political, All Too Political. Again on Protagoras’ Myth in Its Intellectual Context
Authors: Bonazzi Mauro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper argues for an analytic interpretation of Protagoras’ myth in Plato’s dialogue by showing that its goal is not so much to reconstruct the origins of civilization as to identify some essential features of humankind. Against the widespread opinion that human progress depends on the development of technai, Protagoras claims that political art is the most important one, insofar as it is the condition for the existence of society. More concretely, the emphasis on the political art also serves to bring light to what is distinctive of Protagoras as opposed to the other sophists and poets. As clearly shown in the dialogue, Protagoras can thus present himself as the only teacher who is capable of imparting the teachings suited to the needs of the new world of the polis.
Kratos and Other Forms of Power in the Two Constitutions of the Athenians
Authors: Cammack Daniela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
What did kratos imply in the classical democratic context? Focusing on the two Constitutions of the Athenians traditionally attributed to Xenophon and Aristotle respectively, this article explores differences among kratos and three proximate terms: archē (de facto governance or magistracy), kuros (authority, perceived as legitimate), and dēmagōgia (leadership). With Benveniste and Loraux, it argues that kratos specifically signalled ‘superiority’ or ‘predominance’, as revealed in combat or other form of contest. Dēmokratia thereby connoted the forceful predominance of the dēmos (‘assembly’, ‘collective common people’) over the rest of the community, including office-holders (archontes, archai) and political leaders (dēmagōgoi). The association of kratos with force directs attention to the martial underpinnings of classical demotic authority, incidentally highlighting a weakness in modern democracy: the dēmos’ lack of kratos over the political elite when that elite controls military and police power.
Martha Nussbaum and Aristotle on Distributive Justice and Equality
Authors: Knoll Manuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article gives a detailed analysis of Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities approach’ and her claim that it is a genuinely Aristotelian contemporary po-litical philosophy. The paper examines how Nussbaum bases her ‘capabilities approach’ on human nature and questions her assertion that both Aristotle’s account of human nature and her own approach are not metaphysical. In order to analyze the normative dimension of Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities approach’, this article focuses on Aristotle’s doctrine of distributive justice and equality. It shows how Nussbaum adopts and modifies this doctrine in an egalitarian way and demonstrates that her reading and appropriation of it is problematic. With reference to contemporary literature on Aristotle’s Politics, the article criticizes how Nussbaum assimilates Aristotle’s political philosophy into modern values and notions, laying out six primary reasons supporting the thesis that Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities approach’ cannot be regarded as an Aristotelian one.
“Above and Below” and “Inside and Outside” in Chu Bamboo Texts: With Comments on the Classification of Spirits and Numen in Sacrificial Rites by Chu People
Authors: Yang (楊華) Hua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Chu ghosts and spirits are divided into those “above” and those “below.” “Above” and “below” cannot be understood only as referring to heavenly spirits and earthly deities but should include also ancestral spirits. The Chu people’s sacrifices and prayers are also divided into those “internal” and “external.” This distinction is a spatial one that is not based on blood relations. The complete, well-organized system of heavenly spirits, earthly deities, and human ghosts had not fully formed in Warring States Chu culture.
The Importance of Tone for a Proper Understanding of Ancient Texts: “Wunai” in the *Lubang da han 魯邦大旱
Authors: Liang (梁静) Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article, starting with the modal particle wunai 毋乃, analyzes the tone of a dialogue between Confucius and Zigong in the *Lubang da han 魯邦大旱 manuscript. It points out that the attitude to a certain viewpoint is often contained in the tone of the speaker, and improper understanding of this information may lead to misreading a person’s point of view and their relationship with others.
University Inclusion Practices – Re-Encountering the Status Quo: An Interpretive Approach
Authors: Titchkosky Tanya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
My aim is to forge a feel for the importance of building critical understandings of common forms of engagement with disability and in this way work against the careless-care that seems to surround the ways disability-experience is managed in education. First, I discuss what this interpretive dse approach entails. Second, I narrate being in the University classroom with my dyslexic ways and counterpose this to “access statements” on course outlines which are now a common occurrence in the Canadian context. I then conduct an interpretive analysis of the meaning of disability as it appears through my personal story and these bureaucratic statements of inclusion. Despite these differing instances of inclusion, I show how both maintain the status quo of university work-life. Through a politics of wonder, this paper aims to invigorate life affirming relations where disability might figure as something other than a pharmakon for the status quo.
A Note on Nahash
Authors: Polak Frank H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The long plus of 4Q51 at 1 Sam 10:27, describing the Ammonite attack on the Reubenites and Gadites and the flight of the fugitives to Jabesh-Gilead, has been accepted as original by Cross, Tov and others, whereas it has been viewed as a secondary expansion by other scholars, first and foremost Barthélemy. Since both sides have advanced important arguments, this discussion has led to a stalemate (Kratz). The present study shows that syntactic-stylistic analysis indicates significant differences between the style of the Jabesh tale (1 Sam 11) and the plus of the scroll. In particular one notes a series of long noun groups in antecedent and relative clause mentioning “anybody among the Israelites be[yond the Jordan wh]ose right eye was no[t go]uged out by Nahash, king of the Ammonites.” Since such constructions are extremely rare in 1–2 Samuel, and in classical biblical narrative in general (although they do occur in rhetorical discourse, such as Deut 4:8, and in headings and endings, such as Lev 26:46; Deut 4:45–46; Ezra 7:11), it is important to point out that expressions of such complexity are not infrequently found in Qumran texts, such as 1QS 5:8–10; 1QpHab 2:6–10. In biblical texts this constellation is so exceptional that it is impossible the disregard it. Thus, syntactic-stylistic analysis leads to the virtually inevitable conclusion that the long plus concerning Nahash represents secondary expansion, possibly inspired by 1 Chron 5:10, 18–22. The analysis of syntactic-stylistic features, then, is an indispensible part of textual study.
Estimating Phase Transition Rates in Shallow Cumulus Clouds from Mass Flux. Part I: Theory and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Kogan Yefim L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The system of trade wind cumulus clouds observed during the RICO field project was simulated by an LES model in a domain of the size of a mesoscale model grid. More than 2000 clouds were analyzed by stratifying them by their cloud-top heights. The investigation was focused on phase transition rates (TR), which in warm tropical clouds are represented by the processes of condensation/evaporation. We previously demonstrated, based on LES data, that a nearly perfect correlation (R = 0.99) exists between upward mass flux (MFP) and condensation rate (CR), and that the correlation between MFP and evaporation rate (ER) is only slightly lower (R = 0.98). The strong dependence of TR on MFP and the linear relationship between them were explained by applying condensation theory and the concept of “quasi-steady” supersaturation. The LES-derived slope of the linear TR–MFP relationship agreed with its theoretical value, with an error of less than 5%. This result implies that supersaturation in clouds, on average, varies within a few percentage points of its quasi-steady value. In our analysis we considered parameters characterizing cloud as a whole, that is, parameters integrated over the cloud volume. However, condensation theory and LES data show that the linear fit is applicable to local variables and therefore may be integrated to obtain relationships for horizontally averaged variables. Expanding the TR–MFP relationship to vertically dependent variables may provide the framework for development of subgrid-scale latent heat release parameterization.

Significance Statement
This study investigated condensation/evaporation processes in tropical cumulus clouds. The energy exchanged during these processes is an important driving force behind a wide range of atmospheric phenomena. We found theoretically, and confirmed in computer simulations, that the rate of condensation/evaporation can be expressed as a linear function of the cloud vertical velocity. This finding suggests a new approach to calculate cloud energy transformations in numerical weather prediction models.
A Mesoscale Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Pathway for Decadal Variability of the Kuroshio Extension System
Authors: Gan Bolan , Wang Tianyu , Wu Lixin , Li Jianping , Qiu Bo , Yang Haiyuan , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Kuroshio Extension (KE) system has been observed to experience a decadal cycle between dynamically stable and unstable states. However, divergent conclusions on its interaction with the atmosphere obfuscate the understanding of its oscillatory nature at the preferred decadal time scale. Here, using satellite observations and the ERA-Interim reanalysis in 2002–16, physical process-oriented diagnoses suggest that the wintertime finer-scale thermodynamic response to mesoscale oceanic surface conditions and slow oceanic Rossby wave adjustment frame a coupled ocean–atmosphere delayed oscillator for the decadal KE variability. During the stable state of the KE system, the downstream KE transition region is rich in mesoscale oceanic warming associated with warm eddies, which induces surface wind convergence and upward motion, probably via the enhanced turbulent mixing. Meanwhile, increased finer-scale diabatic heating in the lower troposphere with abundant moisture supply from warmer water likely facilitates the deep-reaching updraft that adiabatically cools the middle troposphere. The background northwesterly wind helps to spread out the cooling, leading to southward deflection of local atmospheric eddy available potential energy (EAPE) production by baroclinic conversion. Consequently, the synoptic eddy activity displaces southward across the basin with additional energy supply from the increased diabatic production of EAPE downstream. Anomalous synoptic eddy thermal and vorticity forcing eventually fosters the basin-scale equivalent-barotropic cyclonic circulation anomaly, which is further maintained by energy conversion from the background state. The resultant wind-driven negative sea surface height anomalies propagate westward into the upstream KE region with a delay of ∼4 years and can trigger the unstable state of the KE system.
Climate Change Impacts on Extreme Rainfall in Eastern Africa in a Convection-Permitting Climate Model
Authors: Chapman Sarah , Bacon James , Birch Cathryn E. , Pope Edward , Marsham John H. , Msemo Hellen , Nkonde Edson , Sinachikupo Kenneth , Vanya Charles 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of rainfall extremes. Understanding future changes in rainfall is necessary for adaptation planning. Eastern Africa is vulnerable to rainfall extremes because of low adaptive capacity and high future population growth. Convection-permitting climate models have been found to better represent moderate (yearly) rainfall extremes than parameterized convection models, but there is limited analysis of rare extremes that occur less frequently than once per year. These events often have the largest socioeconomic impacts. We use extreme value theory and regional frequency analysis to quantify rare rainfall extremes over East Africa in a convection-permitting climate model (CP4A). We compare the results with its parameterized counterpart (P25), the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for the African region (CORDEX-Africa) ensemble, and observations to understand how the convection parameterization impacts the results. We find that CP4A better matches observations than the parameterized models. With climate change, we find the parameterized convection models have unrealistically high changes in the shape parameter of the extreme value distribution, which controls the tail behavior (i.e., the most extreme events), leading to large increases in return levels of events with a return period of >20 years. This suggests that parameterized convection models may not be suitable for looking at relative changes in rare rainfall events with climate change and that convection-permitting models should be preferred for this type of work. With the more realistic CP4A, RCP8.5 end-of-century climate change leads to 1-in-100-yr events becoming 1-in-23-yr events, which will necessitate serious adaptation efforts to avoid devastating socioeconomic impacts.

Significance Statement
We use a new, high-resolution climate model to examine how rare extreme rainfall events in East Africa might change in the future with climate change and compare the results with those from standard-resolution climate models. We find that the standard-resolution models have unrealistically large increases in rainfall for events that occur less frequently than every 20 years. The high-resolution model is more realistic and is required to illustrate possible future changes in rare rainfall extremes. Extreme events will become more common with climate change, and in the more realistic model we show that a 1-in-100-yr event may become a 1-in-23-yr event by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions are not significantly reduced.
Asymmetric Impacts of El Niño and La Niña on Equatorial Atlantic Warming
Authors: Jiang Leishan , Li Tim , Ham Yoo-Geun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite an insignificant linear relation between the boreal summer equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly (EA SSTA) and preceding winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), an EA warming event was found to be mostly preceded by either phase of ENSO. Physical mechanisms of this asymmetric impact of El Niño and La Niña on EA warming were investigated through observational and modeling analyses. For the El Niño–induced EA warming group, the El Niño–related SSTA induces a warm SSTA in the South Atlantic during developing fall and winter via the Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern. The induced extratropical SSTA extends to the equator through local air–sea interaction processes and favors EA warming development. In contrast, for the La Niña–induced EA warming group, there is no significant SSTA in the South Atlantic from developing fall to winter. It is not until La Niña decaying spring that a significant westerly anomaly is generated and thus an EA warming through the remote Gill-type response. The asymmetric South Atlantic response is attributed to the stronger (weaker) heating strength over the central Pacific and Maritime Continent for El Niño (La Niña). The distinctive evolutions of El Niño (fast transition) and La Niña (long persistence) also contribute to the asymmetric EA response. The persistent La Niña makes a stronger equatorial Atlantic response during ENSO decaying spring. Our results suggest that the South Atlantic SSTA and ENSO temporal evolution are important in explaining the asymmetric impacts of the El Niño and La Niña on EA warming. Furthermore, the Indian Ocean SSTA is also suggested to contribute to the asymmetric impacts.
The Winter North Pacific Teleconnection in Response to ENSO and the MJO in Operational Subseasonal Forecasting Models Is Too Weak
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Chen Wen , Li Yanjie , Schwartz Chen , Yadav Priyanka , Domeisen Daniela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Teleconnection patterns associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact weather and climate phenomena in the Pacific–North American region and beyond, and therefore accurately simulating these teleconnections is of importance for seasonal and subseasonal forecasts. Systematic biases in boreal midwinter ENSO and MJO teleconnections are found in eight subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecast models over the Pacific–North America region. All models simulate an anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height response that is too weak. This overly weak response is associated with overly weak subtropical upper-level convergence and a too-weak Rossby wave source in most models, and in several models there is also a biased subtropical Pacific jet, which affects the propagation of Rossby waves. In addition to this overly weak response, all models also simulate ENSO teleconnections that reach too far poleward toward Alaska and northeastern Russia. The net effect is that these models likely underestimate the impacts associated with the MJO and ENSO over western North America, and suffer from a reduction in skill from what could be achieved.