bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Vertical Allocation of Wildfire Smoke Emissions Using Observational Constraints From Airborne Lidar in the Western U.S.
Authors: Ye Xinxin , Saide Pablo E. , Hair Johnathan , Fenn Marta , Shingler Taylor , Soja Amber , Gargulinski Emily , Wiggins Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWildfire emissions are a key contributor of carbonaceous aerosols and trace gases to the atmosphere. Induced by buoyant lifting, smoke plumes can be injected into the free troposphere and lower stratosphere, which by consequence significantly affects the magnitude and distance of their influences on air quality and radiation budget. However, the vertical allocation of emissions when smoke escapes the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the mechanism modulating it remain unclear. We present an inverse modeling framework to estimate the wildfire emissions, with their temporal and vertical evolution being constrained by assimilating aerosol extinction profiles observed from the airborne Differential Absorption Lidar‐High Spectral Resolution Lidar during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality field campaign. Three fire events in the western U.S., which exhibit free‐tropospheric injections are examined. The constrained smoke emissions indicate considerably larger fractions of smoke injected above the PBL (f>PBL, 80%–94%) versus the column total, compared to those estimated by the WRF‐Chem model using the default plume rise option (12%–52%). The updated emission profiles yield improvements for the simulated vertical structures of the downwind transported smoke, but limited refinement of regional smoke aerosol optical depth distributions due to the spatiotemporal coverage of flight observations. These results highlight the significance of improving vertical allocation of fire emissions on advancing the modeling and forecasting of the environmental impacts of smoke.
On the Origin of the Solar Cycle Modulation of the Winter North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Kuroda Yuhji , Mukougawa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing data from recent 64 years, we found that the zonal wind signal associated with the winter‐mean North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) tends to extend into the upper stratosphere when solar activity is high, but the vertical extension is limited when solar activity is low. To examine the physical source of this phenomenon, the momentum and wave‐energy budget are analyzed using the 63‐winter record of the Japanese Reanalysis data set from 1958 to 2021. These analyses show that (a) the zonal‐mean momentum acceleration is driven by eddies throughout the entire depth of the atmosphere around 60°N, (b) the barotropic energy conversion from eddies to zonal‐mean flow is centered in the middle stratosphere around 55°N, and (c) the baroclinic energy conversion from zonal‐mean flow to eddies from the surface to the middle stratosphere around 60°N tends to be enhanced from December to February associated with the positive winter‐mean NAO index in High Solar (HS) activity years. These energy transfers are closely related to enhanced zonal wind. These analyses suggest that the structural modulation of the NAO due to the solar cycle comes from the enhanced sensitivity of the wave‐mean flow interaction in the stratosphere in HS years, which is broadly shared with the solar cycle modulation of the late‐winter Southern Annular Mode (SAM).
Some Features of the Ionospheric Radio Wave Characteristics Over China Observed During the Solar Eclipse of 21 June 2020
Authors: Chernogor L. F. , Garmash K. P. , Guo Q. , Luo Y. , Rozumenko V. T. , Zheng Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Harbin Engineering University, the People's Republic of China, multifrequency multiple‐path coherent radio system operates continuously and provides data for post analysis. The data collected during the solar eclipse of 21 June 2020 have been chosen for this study with the objectives to interpret the variations in the Doppler spectra, Doppler shift, and in the reflected radio wave amplitudes that are associated with the solar eclipse, establish the magnitude and find physical significance of these variations, determine the reduction in the electron density caused by the solar eclipse, and to estimate an increase in wave activity in the ionosphere. The eclipse was accompanied by Doppler spectrum diffuseness resulting from an increase in the number of rays, the temporal variations in the Doppler shift were observed to be bi‐polar, asymmetrical, and anomalously small, with extreme Doppler shift magnitudes varying from −11 to −40 mHz and from 22 to 56 mHz. The duration of processes with negative Doppler shifts varied from 50 to 80 min, and the duration of processes with positive Doppler shifts changed from 30 to 80 min. The multi‐hop propagation (from two to five hops) took place along all propagation paths, with a 360 to 560‐km one‐hop length, due to the anomalous radio wave propagation via the sporadic‐E layer present about 80% of the time on 21 June 2020. The Doppler shift exhibited 4–18‐min period quasi‐sinusoidal variations with 20–10‐mHz amplitudes.
LCAT1 is an oncogenic LncRNA by stabilizing the IGF2BP2-CDC6 axis
Authors: Yang Juze , Qian Xinyi , Qiu Qiongzi , Xu Lingling , Pan Meidie , Li Jia , Ren Jiayi , Lu Bingjian , Qiu Ting , Chen Enguo , Ying Kejing , Zhang Honghe , Lu Yan , Liu Pengyuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is known to play vital roles in modulating tumorigenesis. We previously reported that LCAT1, a novel lncRNA, promotes the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of LCAT1 as an oncogenic regulator remains elusive. Here, we showed that LCAT1 physically interacts with and stabilizes IGF2BP2, an m6A reader protein, by preventing its degradation via autolysosomes. IGF2BP2 is overexpressed in lung cancer tissues, which is associated with poor survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients, suggesting its oncogenic role. Biologically, IGF2BP2 depletion inhibits growth and survival as well as the migration of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, the LCAT1/IGF2BP2 complex increased the levels of CDC6, a key cell cycle regulator, by stabilizing its mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Like IGF2BP2, CDC6 is also overexpressed in lung cancer tissues with poor patient survival, and CDC6 knockdown has oncogenic inhibitory activity. Taken together, the LCAT1-IGF2BP2-CDC6 axis appears to play a vital role in promoting the growth and migration of lung cancer cells, and is a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. Importantly, our finding also highlights a previously unknown critical role of LCAT1 in m6A-dependent gene regulation by preventing autolytic degradation of IGF2BP2.
SHANK family on stem cell fate and development
Authors: Liu Xu , Yuan Mengmeng , Lau Benson Wui-Man , Li Yue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein (SHANK) 1, SHANK2, and SHANK3 encode a family of postsynaptic scaffolding proteins present at glutamatergic synapses and play a crucial role in synaptogenesis. In the past years, studies have provided a preliminary appreciation and understanding of the influence of the SHANK family in controlling stem cell fate. Here, we review the modulation of SHANK gene expression and their related signaling pathways, allowing for an in-depth understanding of the role of SHANK in stem cells. Besides, their role in governing stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism are explored in neural stem cells (NSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been utilized as model systems for analyzing their functions in terms of neuronal development. SHANK-mediated stem cell fate determination is an intricate and multifactorial process. This study aims to achieve a better understanding of the role of SHANK in these processes and their clinical applications, thereby advancing the field of stem cell therapy.
Public and occupational health risks related to lead exposure updated according to present-day blood lead levels
Authors: Yu Yu-Ling , Yang Wen-Yi , Hara Azusa , Asayama Kei , Roels Harry A. , Nawrot Tim S. , Staessen Jan A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLead is an environmental hazard that should be addressed worldwide. Over time, human lead exposure in the western world has decreased drastically to levels comparable to those among humans living in the preindustrial era, who were mainly exposed to natural sources of lead. To re-evaluate the potential health risks associated with present-day lead exposure, a two-pronged approach was applied. First, recently published population metrics describing the adverse health effects associated with lead exposure at the population level were critically assessed. Next, the key results of the Study for Promotion of Health in Recycling Lead (SPHERL; NCT02243904) were summarized and put in perspective with those of the published population metrics. To our knowledge, SPHERL is the first prospective study that accounted for interindividual variability between people with respect to their vulnerability to the toxic effects of lead exposure by assessing the participants’ health status before and after occupational lead exposure. The overall conclusion of this comprehensive review is that mainstream ideas about the public and occupational health risks related to lead exposure urgently need to be updated because a large portion of the available literature became obsolete given the sharp decrease in exposure levels over the past 40 years.
Structure of the proteolytic enzyme PAPP-A with the endogenous inhibitor stanniocalcin-2 reveals its inhibitory mechanism
Authors: Kobberø Sara Dam , Gajhede Michael , Mirza Osman Asghar , Kløverpris Søren , Kjær Troels Rønn , Mikkelsen Jakob Hauge , Boesen Thomas , Oxvig Claus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe metzincin metalloproteinase PAPP-A plays a key role in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling by specific cleavage of inhibitory IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we here report the structure of PAPP-A in complex with its endogenous inhibitor, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), neither of which have been reported before. The highest resolution (3.1 Å) was obtained for the STC2 subunit and the N-terminal approximately 1000 residues of the PAPP-A subunit. The 500 kDa 2:2 PAPP-A·STC2 complex is a flexible multidomain ensemble with numerous interdomain contacts. In particular, a specific disulfide bond between the subunits of STC2 and PAPP-A prevents dissociation, and interactions between STC2 and a module located in the very C-terminal end of the PAPP-A subunit prevent binding of its main substrate, IGFBP-4. While devoid of activity towards IGFBP-4, the active site cleft of the catalytic domain is accessible in the inhibited PAPP-A·STC2 complex, as shown by its ability to hydrolyze a synthetic peptide derived from IGFBP-4. Relevant to multiple human pathologies, this unusual mechanism of proteolytic inhibition may support the development of specific pharmaceutical agents, by which IGF signaling can be indirectly modulated.
The hypoxia response pathway promotes PEP carboxykinase and gluconeogenesis in C. elegans
Authors: Vora Mehul , Pyonteck Stephanie M. , Popovitchenko Tatiana , Matlack Tarmie L. , Prashar Aparna , Kane Nanci S. , Favate John , Shah Premal , Rongo Christopher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractActively dividing cells, including some cancers, rely on aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy, a phenomenon termed the Warburg effect. Constitutive activation of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF-1), a transcription factor known for mediating an adaptive response to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), is a hallmark of the Warburg effect. HIF-1 is thought to promote glycolysis and suppress oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we instead show that HIF-1 can promote gluconeogenesis. Using a multiomics approach, we reveal the genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic landscapes regulated by constitutively active HIF-1 in C. elegans. We use RNA-seq and ChIP-seq under aerobic conditions to analyze mutants lacking EGL-9, a key negative regulator of HIF-1. We integrate these approaches to identify over two hundred genes directly and functionally upregulated by HIF-1, including the PEP carboxykinase PCK-1, a rate-limiting mediator of gluconeogenesis. This activation of PCK-1 by HIF-1 promotes survival in response to both oxidative and hypoxic stress. Our work identifies functional direct targets of HIF-1 in vivo, comprehensively describing the metabolome induced by HIF-1 activation in an organism.
Seismic events miss important kinematically governed grain scale mechanisms during shear failure of porous rock
Authors: Cartwright-Taylor Alexis , Mangriotis Maria-Daphne , Main Ian G. , Butler Ian B. , Fusseis Florian , Ling Martin , Andò Edward , Curtis Andrew , Bell Andrew F. , Crippen Alyssa , Rizzo Roberto E. , Marti Sina , Leung Derek. D. V. , Magdysyuk Oxana V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCatastrophic failure in brittle, porous materials initiates when smaller-scale fractures localise along an emergent fault zone in a transition from stable crack growth to dynamic rupture. Due to the rapid nature of this critical transition, the precise micro-mechanisms involved are poorly understood and difficult to image directly. Here, we observe these micro-mechanisms directly by controlling the microcracking rate to slow down the transition in a unique rock deformation experiment that combines acoustic monitoring (sound) with contemporaneous in-situ x-ray imaging (vision) of the microstructure. We find seismic amplitude is not always correlated with local imaged strain; large local strain often occurs with small acoustic emissions, and vice versa. Local strain is predominantly aseismic, explained in part by grain/crack rotation along an emergent shear zone, and the shear fracture energy calculated from local dilation and shear strain on the fault is half of that inferred from the bulk deformation.
Observation and control of Casimir effects in a sphere-plate-sphere system
Authors: Xu Zhujing , Ju Peng , Gao Xingyu , Shen Kunhong , Jacob Zubin , Li Tongcang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA remarkable prediction of quantum field theory is that there are quantum electromagnetic fluctuations (virtual photons) everywhere, which leads to the intriguing Casimir effect. While the Casimir force between two objects has been studied extensively for several decades, the Casimir force between three objects has not been measured yet. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of an object under the Casimir force exerted by two other objects simultaneously. Our Casimir system consists of a micrometer-thick cantilever placed in between two microspheres, forming a unique sphere-plate-sphere geometry. We also propose and demonstrate a three-terminal switchable architecture exploiting opto-mechanical Casimir interactions that can lay the foundations of a Casimir transistor. Beyond the paradigm of Casimir forces between two objects in different geometries, our Casimir transistor represents an important development for controlling three-body virtual photon interactions and will have potential applications in sensing and information processing.
Clinical variant interpretation and biologically relevant reference transcripts
Authors: Pozo Fernando , Rodriguez José Manuel , Vázquez Jesús , Tress Michael L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClinical variant interpretation is highly dependent on the choice of reference transcript. Although the longest transcript has traditionally been chosen as the reference, APPRIS principal and MANE Select transcripts, biologically supported reference sequences, are now available. In this study, we show that MANE Select and APPRIS principal transcripts are the best reference transcripts for clinical variation. APPRIS principal and MANE Select transcripts capture almost all ClinVar pathogenic variants, and they are particularly powerful over the 94% of coding genes in which they agree. We find that a vanishingly small number of ClinVar pathogenic variants affect alternative protein products. Alternative isoforms that are likely to be clinically relevant can be predicted using TRIFID scores, the highest scoring alternative transcripts are almost 700 times more likely to house pathogenic variants. We believe that APPRIS, MANE and TRIFID are essential tools for clinical variant interpretation.
A new interleaved high step‐up soft switching converter with simple auxiliary circuit and reduced voltage stress
Authors: Naeini Omid Haghparast , Shaneh Mahdi , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Adib Ehsan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a soft‐switching high step‐up DC/DC interleaved boost converter. The converter uses an interleaved structure to decrease input current ripple. The coupled inductor technique achieves high voltage gain without needing the extremely increased duty cycle. The applied auxiliary circuit provides zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) condition for both main switches with a minimum number of elements. In addition, all the diodes turn off with zero‐current‐switching (ZCS), alleviating the reverse recovery problem. Moreover, all power switches and diodes have low voltage stress. The voltage stress of the auxiliary switch is low, resulting in low Coss losses of the auxiliary switch. The other properties of the proposed converters are continuous‐low‐ripple input current, no need for the floating gate drive, and small size. The theoretical analysis is validated by a 250‐W prototype with 40‐V input to 400‐V output voltage with a 100‐kHz.switching frequency.
Eine Querschnittsuntersuchung zur Qualität der Sauerstofftherapie in drei deutschen Krankenhäusern
Authors: Joean Oana , Klooster Maria Petronella vanʼt , Kayser Moritz Z. , Valtin Christina , Ewen Raphael , Golpon Heiko , Fühner Thomas , Gottlieb Jens 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Sauerstoff (O2) ist eines der am häufigsten angewendeten Arzneimittel in deutschen Krankenhäusern und im Rettungswesen. Sowohl eine Hypoxämie als auch eine Hyperoxämie sind mit Komplikationen vergesellschaftet. In Deutschland fehlen bislang belastbare Daten zur Anwendung, Dokumentation und Überwachung der O2-Therapie.
Methoden Eine Querschnittsstudie zur Sauerstoff-Anwendung wurde in 3 Krankenhäusern der maximalen bzw. supramaximalen Versorgung in Hannover im Herbst 2020 durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Von 343 erfassten Patienten erhielten 20 % eine O2-Therapie. Bei 29 % der Patienten mit O2-Therapie bestand ein Hyperkapnie-Risiko. Lediglich bei 68 % Patienten mit einer O2-Therapie lag eine SOP zur O2-Anwendung auf den jeweiligen Stationen vor und nur bei 22 % entsprach die gegebene O2-Therapie dem tatsächlichen Bedarf des Patienten. Nur bei 30 % des Gesamtkollektivs und 41 % der Patienten mit O2-Therapie erfolgte eine vollständige Dokumentation der Vitalparameter. Eine Überwachung der O2-Therapie mittels arterieller oder kapillärer Blutgasanalyse (BGA) erfolgte bei 76 % der O2-Patienten. Hier zeigte sich bei 64 % der Patienten eine Normoxämie, bei 17 % eine Hyperoxämie und bei 19 % eine Hypoxämie. Der einzige identifizierbare Prediktor für eine adäquate O2-Therapie war eine vorangegangene Beatmungstherapie.
Diskussion Insgesamt zeigt sich eine suboptimale Indikationsstellung, Anwendung und Kontrolle der Sauerstofftherapie. Schulungen des pflegerischen und ärztlichen Personals zur Verbesserung der Anwendung der O2-Therapie und resultierend auch der Patientensicherheit sind dringend notwendig.
Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine: part II
Authors: Santos Paulo Sergio Faro , Melhado Eliana Meire , Kaup Alexandre Ottoni , Costa Aline Turbino Neves Martins da , Roesler Célia Aparecida de Paula , Piovesan Élcio Juliato , Sarmento Elder Machado , Theotonio Giselle Oliveira Martins , Campos Henrique Carneiro de , Fortini Ida , Souza Jano Alves de , Júnior Jayme Antunes Maciel , Segundo João Batista Alves , Carvalho João José Freitas de , Speziali José Geraldo , Calia Leandro Cortoni , Barea Liselotte Menke , Queiroz Luiz Paulo , Souza Marcio Nattan Portes , Figueiredo Marcos Ravi Cerqueira Ferreira , Costa Maria Eduarda Nobre de Magalhães , Peres Mário Fernando Prieto , Jurno Mauro Eduardo , Peixoto Patrícia Machado , Kowacs Pedro André , Rocha-Filho Pedro Augusto Sampaio , Filho Pedro Ferreira Moreira , Silva-Neto Raimundo Pereira , Fragoso Yara Dadalti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground Migraine affects 1 billion people worldwide and > 30 million Brazilians; besides, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder.Objective The need to disseminate knowledge about the prophylactic treatment of migraine is known, so the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe, in the Portuguese acronym) appointed a committee of authors with the objective of establishing a consensus with recommendations on the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine based on articles from the world literature as well as from personal experience.Methods Meetings were held entirely online, with the participation of 12 groups that reviewed and wrote about the pharmacological categories of drugs and, at the end, met to read and finish the document. The drug classes studied in part II of this Consensus were: antihypertensives, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, other drugs, and rational polytherapy.Results From this list of drugs, only candesartan has been established as effective in controlling episodic migraine. Flunarizine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, and pizotifen were defined as likely to be effective, while lisinopril, enalapril, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, quetiapine, atorvastatin, simvastatin, cyproheptadine, and melatonin were possibly effective in prophylaxis of the disease.Conclusions Despite an effort by the scientific community to find really effective drugs in the treatment of migraine, given the large number of drugs tested for this purpose, we still have few therapeutic options.
Loss of
Rai1
enhances hippocampal excitability and epileptogenesis in mouse models of Smith–Magenis syndrome
Authors: Chang Ya-Ting , Kowalczyk Max , Fogerson P. Michelle , Lee Yu-Ju , Haque Minza , Adams Eliza L. , Wang David C. , DeNardo Laura A. , Tessier-Lavigne Marc , Huguenard John R. , Luo Liqun , Huang Wei-Hsiang 
Published: October 2022

Hyperexcitability of brain circuits is a common feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Genetic deletion of a chromatin-binding protein,
retinoic acid induced 1
(
RAI1
), causes Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS). SMS is a syndromic ASD associated with intellectual disability, autistic features, maladaptive behaviors, overt seizures, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. The molecular and neural mechanisms underlying abnormal brain activity in SMS remain unclear. Here we show that panneural
Rai1
deletions in mice result in increased seizure susceptibility and prolonged hippocampal seizure duration in vivo and increased dentate gyrus population spikes ex vivo. Brain-wide mapping of neuronal activity pinpointed selective cell types within the limbic system, including the hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells (dGCs) that are hyperactivated by chemoconvulsant administration or sensory experience in
Rai1
-deficient brains. Deletion of
Rai1
from glutamatergic neurons, but not from gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons, was responsible for increased seizure susceptibility. Deleting
Rai1
from the

Emx1
Cre

-lineage glutamatergic neurons resulted in abnormal dGC properties, including increased excitatory synaptic transmission and increased intrinsic excitability. Our work uncovers the mechanism of neuronal hyperexcitability in SMS by identifying Rai1 as a negative regulator of dGC intrinsic and synaptic excitability.