bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first-line treatment for postoperative recurrent EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study
Authors: Miyata Ryo , Hamaji Masatsugu , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Shimazu Yumeta , Ikeda Masaki , Ishikawa Masashi , Kayawake Hidenao , Menju Toshi , Kobayashi Masashi , Okumura Norihito , Sakaguchi Yasuto , Sonobe Makoto , Matsumoto Akira , Shoji Tsuyoshi , Katakura Hiromichi , Sumitomo Ryota , Huang Cheng-Long , Takahashi Mamoru , Aoyama Akihiro , Muranishi Yusuke , Kono Tomoya , Miyahara Ryo , Date Naoki , Fujinaga Takuji , Miyamoto Ei , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Fukada Takahisa , Sakai Hiroaki , Date Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to analyse the long-term survival outcomes and prognostic factors of patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) as first-line treatment for postoperative recurrent EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

METHODS
Using a multi-institutional database, we performed a retrospective chart review to identify all patients who had undergone complete resection of stage I–III EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma at 11 acute care hospitals between 2009 and 2016 and had received first-line EGFR-TKI treatment for postoperative recurrence. Adverse events, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PFS and OS.

RESULTS
The study sample comprised 154 patients with a median age of 69. The total numbers of events were 101 for PFS and 60 for OS. The median PFS and OS were 26.1 and 55.4 months, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, EGFR ex 21 L858R mutation (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.15–2.55) and shorter disease-free intervals (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99) were significantly associated with shorter PFS. Age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07), smoking history (HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.35–3.94) and pathological N2 disease at the initial surgery (HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.32–4.00) were significantly associated with shorter OS.

CONCLUSIONS
First-line EGFR-TKI treatment was generally associated with favourable survival outcomes in patients with postoperative recurrent EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR ex 21 L858R mutation may be an important prognostic factor for shorter PFS.
Early life adversity, reproductive history and breast cancer risk
Authors: Boddy Amy M , Rupp Shawn , Yu Zhe , Hanson Heidi , Aktipis Athena , Smith Ken 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesIndividuals who experience early life adversity are at an increased risk for chronic disease later in life. Less is known about how early life factors are associated with cancer susceptibility. Here, we use a life history framework to test whether early life adversity increases the risk of breast cancer. We predict that early life adversity can shift investment in somatic maintenance and accelerate the timing of reproduction, which may mediate or interact with the risk of breast cancer.MethodologyWe use population-wide data from the Utah Population Database (UPDB) and Utah Cancer Registry, leading to 24 957 cases of women diagnosed with breast cancer spanning 20 years (1990–2010) and 124 785 age-matched controls. We generated a cumulative early life adversity summation score to evaluate the interaction (moderation) and mediation between early life adversity, reproductive history and their association with breast cancer risk.ResultsOur analyses led to three key findings: (i) more early life adversity, when considered as a main effect, accelerates the time to first birth and death, (ii) early age at first birth and high parity decreases the risk of breast cancer and (iii) we find no association between early adversity and breast cancer risk either as a main effect or in its interaction with reproductive history.Conclusion and implicationsEarly adversity elevates the risk of overall mortality through mechanisms other than breast cancer risk. This suggests early life factors can generate different effects on health. Future work should incorporate more complex view of life history patterns, including multiple life stages, when making predictions about cancer susceptibility.
Prelude to PATHWEIGH: pragmatic weight management in primary care
Authors: Wild Jessica , Kaizer Alexander , Willems Emileigh , Kramer Erik Seth , Perreault Leigh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTreatment of obesity-related diseases, rather than obesity itself, remains the mainstay of medical care. The current study examined a novel approach that prioritizes weight management in primary care to shift this paradigm.MethodsPATHWEIGH is a weight management approach consisting of staff team training, workflow system management, and data capture from tools built into the electronic medical record (EPIC). PATHWEIGH was compared to standard of care (SOC) using two family medicine clinics in the same US healthcare system. Descriptive statistics compared patient-, provider-, and clinic-level factors between the groups among those with at least one weight-prioritized visit (WPV) and one follow-up weight over 14 months.ResultsGroups were similar in terms of total patient visits (7,353 vs. 7,984) and patients eligible for a WPV (i.e. &gt;18 years + body mass index &gt;25 kg/m2; 3,746 vs. 3,008, PATHWEIGH vs. SOC, respectively). However, more PATHWEIGH clinic patients (15.9% vs. 8.4%; P &lt; 0.001) received at least one WPV. Although no difference was observed for average patient weight loss over 14 months (P = 0.991), the number of WPVs per patient was higher in PATHWEIGH (P &lt; 0.001) and significantly associated with weight loss (P = 0.001), with an average decrease in weight of 0.55 kg per additional visit.ConclusionsResults from the current study demonstrate early success in changing the paradigm from treating weight-related comorbidities to treating weight in primary care.
The use of weighted self-organizing maps to interrogate large seismic data sets
Authors: Meyer S G , Reading A M , Bassom A P 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Modern microseismic monitoring systems can generate extremely large data sets with signals originating from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. These data sets may contain multiple signal types that require classification, analysis and interpretation: a considerable task if done manually. Machine learning techniques may be applied to these data sets to expedite and improve such analysis. In this study, we apply an unsupervised technique, the Self-Organizing Map (SOM), to high-volume data recorded by an in-mine microseismic network. This represents a good example of a large seismic data set that contains a wide range of signals, owing to the diversity of source processes occurring within the mine. The signals are quantified by extracting a number of features (temporal and spectral) from the waveforms which are provided as input data for the SOM. We develop and implement a weighted variant of the SOM in which the contributions of various different features to the training of the map are allowed to evolve. The standard and weighted SOMs are applied to the data, and the output maps compared. Both variants are able to separate source types based on the waveform characteristics, allowing for rapid, automatic classification of signals and the ability to find sources with similar waveforms. Fast classification of such signals provides practical benefit by automatically discarding waveforms associated with anthropogenic sources within the mine while seismic signals originating from genuine microseismic events, which constitute a small fraction of all signals, can be prioritized for subsequent processing and analysis. The weighted variant provides an exploratory tool through quantification of the contribution of different features to the clustering process. This helps to optimize the performance of the SOM through the identification of redundant features. Furthermore, those features that are assigned large weights are considered to be more representative of the source generation processes as they contribute more to the cluster separation process. We apply weighted SOMs to data from a mine recorded during two different time periods, corresponding to different stages of the mine development. Changes in feature importance and in the observed distribution of feature values indicate evolving source generation processes and may be used to support investigatory analysis. The weighted SOM therefore represents an effective tool to help manage and investigate large seismic data sets, providing both practical benefit and insight into underlying event mechanisms.
Distribution and evolution of the serine/aspartate racemase family in invertebrates. II. Frequent and widespread parallel evolution of aspartate racemase
Authors: Uda Kouji , Moe Luke A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Our previous studies showed that invertebrate animal serine racemase (SerR) and aspartate racemase (AspR) evolved from a common ancestral gene and are widely distributed. However, the overall molecular evolutionary background of these genes has remained unclear. In the present study, we have cloned, expressed and characterized five SerR and three AspR genes from six invertebrate species. The coexistence of SerR and AspR paralogs has been observed in some species, and the presence of both SerR and AspR is here confirmed in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano, the feather star Anneissia japonica, the ark shell Anadara broughtonii and the sea hare Aplysia californica. Comparison of the gene structures revealed the evolution of SerR and AspR. The ancestral species of metazoans probably had a single SerR gene, and the first gene duplication in the common ancestor species of the eumetazoans occurred after the divergence of porifera and eumetazoans, yielding two SerR genes. Most eumetazoans lost one of the two SerR genes, while the echinoderm A. japonica retained both genes. Furthermore, it is clear that invertebrate AspR genes arose through parallel evolution by duplication of the SerR gene followed by substitution of amino acid residues necessary for substrate recognition in multiple lineages.
Rehabilitation for elderly patients with cancer
Authors: Tsuji Tetsuya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
If physical functions are impaired in patients with cancer owing to the progression of the disease and the treatment processes, their activities of daily living (ADLs) decline; thus, the quality of life is impacted. Elderly patients with cancer constitute a group with diverse basic physical, mental and social skill levels owing to aging. Given that there are potential risks of frailty and sarcopenia, their physical functions and ADL are prone to decline. Furthermore, there are many cases in which patients live alone, isolated from the society or face social problems. Therefore, in the treatment of elderly patients with cancer, geriatric assessment is used to comprehensively assess comorbidity, physical functions and psychophysiological/social/environmental situations and a system that provides supportive care is required. As part of this process, cancer rehabilitation plays an important role in prevention of complications, functional recovery and maintenance and improvement of physical functions and ADL until the time of palliative care. To provide rehabilitation, utmost attention must be paid to issues unique to elderly people, such as frailty, sarcopenia, dementia, delirium, pain management, depression and undernutrition/dysphagia.
Magnetization controlled by crystallization in soft magnetic Fe-Si-B-P-Cu alloys
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Osako Akihiro , Yodoshi Noriharu , Yamada Yoshiharu , Tsukasaki Hirofumi , Harada Ken , Sakai Yuki , Shigematsu Kei , Nishikubo Takumi , Azuma Masaki , Mori Shigeo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soft magnetic materials have low coercive fields and high permeability. Recently, nanocrystalline alloys obtained using annealing amorphous alloys have attracted much interest since nanocrystalline alloys with small grain sizes of tens of nanometers exhibit low coercive fields comparable to that of amorphous alloys. Since nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials attain remarkable soft magnetic properties by controlling the grain size, the crystal grains’ microstructure has a substantial influence on the soft magnetic properties. In this research, we examined the magnetic properties of Fe-Si-B-P-Cu nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys obtained by annealing amorphous alloys. During crystallization, the observation findings reveal the correlation between the generated microstructures and soft magnetic properties.
Immersive Virtual Reality for Pain Control and Anxiolysis During IV Blood Draws in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Perdue Matthew J , Umar Mohamad A , Walker Jerimiah D , Kubena Bryan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate immersive virtual reality’s (IVR) effectiveness as a distraction in reducing perceived pain and anxiety among adults undergoing intravenous (IV) blood draw.

Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, we recruited adult patients 18-50 years of age scheduled for routine blood draws at the phlebotomy lab and randomized them into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent IV blood draw with IVR, and the control group underwent IV blood draw with standard practice. Before the procedure, subjects rated their anxiety level and the pain they “expected” to experience during blood draw. Immediately afterward, the subjects rated their actual “perceived” pain level. We measured the “expected” and the “perceived” pain and anxiety scores using a 100 mm visual analog scale. The primary outcome was the difference in “perceived” pain scores (0-100) between the two cohorts. Secondary outcomes were differences between the anxiety scores and the “expected” and “perceived” pain between the two cohorts, as well as degree of satisfaction with IVR during the blood draw and willingness to use IVR in future procedures.

Results
Fifty-nine subjects completed the study, 31 in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. For the primary outcome, the control group reported a perceived median pain score of 6.5 vs. the experimental group of 5; P = .55. For the secondary outcomes, the median anxiety scores were 22 (6.25-45.75) and 24 (2.00-35.00) for the control and the experimental groups, respectively, P = .44. The control group reported an expected median pain score of 20 vs. a perceived score of 6.5; P = .25, and the experimental group reported an expected median pain score of 22 vs. a perceived score of 5; P &lt; .01. Median Likert scores were 5 (1-5) for satisfaction and preference for future use during painful procedures.

Conclusions
The results of our study demonstrated that there was no significantly lower perceived pain or anxiety when using IVR compared to standard practice in adults undergoing IV blood draw.
Running Gait Training Improves Outcomes at United States Air Force Basic Military Training
Authors: Fisher Reid , Kasper Korey , Trigg Steven , Davila Krystal , Mette G T , Rivera Krista , Danley Lyle , Salazar Alyssa , Cockerell Meredith 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim is to investigate the impact of large-group, motor learning–based running gait training on injury risk in United States Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT).

Design
A prospective quasi-experimental program evaluation is used.

Materials and Methods
Medical providers taught running gait form to groups of trainees in the first week of training of BMT from August 2020 to March 2021. The main outcome measures included risk ratio of reported injuries, removal from training because of injury, and separation from service because of injury.

Results
Of BMT trainees, 2,205 underwent group, motor learning–based running gait training; this was compared with two intake groups (nA = 3,941 and nB = 2,041) who were only given introductions to sports medicine staff in a classroom setting. Reported pain complaints increased (χ2 = 27.4A and 20.83B, P &lt; .001). Risk ratios for more severe injuries necessitating time out of training or separation from USAF were reduced, although these were statistically not significant (13%, P = .48 and 22%, P = .29, respectively). Leadership implemented gait training across BMT, and data from the following 8 weeks of intake (n = 6,223) demonstrated similar trends in increases in patient reports of pain (χ2 = 67.25, P &lt; .001) but significantly reduced risk ratios of removal from training (32%, χ2 = 16.35, P &lt; .001) or separation (32%, χ2 = 12.54, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
While not previously shown to mitigate injury, large-group, running gait training was associated with a significant reduction in injury severity defined by training delays and separation from service in USAF BMT.
Convection reconciles the difference in efficiencies between low-mass and high-mass common envelopes
Authors: Wilson E C , Nordhaus J 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The formation pathways for gravitational-wave merger sources are predicted to include common envelope (CE) evolution. Observations of high-mass post-common envelope binaries suggest that energy transfer to the envelope during the CE phase must be highly efficient. In contrast, observations of low-mass post-CE binaries indicate that energy transfer during the CE phase must be highly inefficient. Convection, a process present in low-mass and high-mass stars naturally explains this dichotomy. Using observations of Wolf–Rayet binaries, we study the effects of convection and radiative losses on the predicted final separations of high-mass common envelopes. Despite robust convection in massive stars, the effect is minimal as the orbit decays well before convection can transport the liberated orbital energy to the surface. In low-mass systems, convective transport occurs faster then the orbit decays, allowing the system to radiatively cool, thereby lowering the efficiency. The inclusion of convection reproduces observations of low-mass and high-mass binaries and remains a necessary ingredient for determining outcomes of common envelopes.
Guided Imagery and Music in Patients With Chronic Daily Headache: A Pilot Study
Authors: Smyrnioti Maria Eleni , Arvaniti Chrysa , Kostopanagiotou Georgia , Batistaki Chrysanthi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chronic daily headache (CDH) is a challenging condition that significantly affects functionality and quality of life. We wish to examine how patients suffering from persistent CDH respond to sound, in order to explore Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) as an alternative psychotherapeutic approach to pain. This is a mixed-methods study combining a quasi-experimental design with a matched comparison group and a case-series design. Initially, nine patients suffering from CDH and nine chronic pain patients received an individual, structured GIM session. Six CDH patients proceeded to receive eight GIM therapy sessions within 4–6 months. Levels of pain, depression, stress, and psychopathology traits were assessed pre- and postintervention. Patients suffering from CDH perceived music differently and had different types and qualities of imagery, compared with the comparison group. CDH patients post-intervention showed notable clinical improvement in anxiety and depression levels, overall distress and psychopathology symptoms, and number and duration of crises and frequency of visits to the Pain Clinic, 6 months postintervention. GIM therapy as an adjacent form of treatment can have a positive impact on psychological comorbidity, number and duration of pain episodes, and patient dependency on the Pain Clinic staff. It is suggested by the findings that (a) music and sound may instigate different paths of neural activation in patients suffering from CDH and that (b) GIM can be a powerful therapeutic tool for personal growth and self-actualization. With this pilot study, we hope to inform future research on CDH and introduce GIM as a way of achieving neuromodulation.
Low-level whole-brain radiation enhances theranostic potential of single-domain antibody fragments for human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive brain metastases
Authors: Procissi Daniele , Jannetti Stephen A , Zannikou Markella , Zhou Zhengyuan , McDougald Darryl , Kanojia Deepak , Zhang Hui , Burdett Kirsten , Vaidyanathan Ganesan , Zalutsky Michael R , Balyasnikova Irina V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Single-domain antibody fragments (aka VHH, ~ 13 kDa) are promising delivery systems for brain tumor theranostics; however, achieving efficient delivery of VHH to intracranial lesions remains challenging due to the tumor–brain barrier. Here, we evaluate low-dose whole-brain irradiation as a strategy to increase the delivery of an anti- human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) VHH to breast cancer-derived intracranial tumors in mice.

Methods
Mice with intracranial HER2-positive BT474BrM3 tumors received 10-Gy fractionated cranial irradiation and were evaluated by noninvasive imaging. Anti-HER2 VHH 5F7 was labeled with 18F, administered intravenously to irradiated mice and controls, and PET/CT imaging was conducted periodically after irradiation. Tumor uptake of 18F-labeled 5F7 in irradiated and control mice was compared by PET/CT image analysis and correlated with tumor volumes. In addition, longitudinal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) was conducted to visualize and quantify the potential effects of radiation on tumor perfusion and permeability.

Results
Increased 18F-labeled 5F7 intracranial tumor uptake was observed with PET in mice receiving cranial irradiation, with maximum tumor accumulation seen approximately 12 days post initial radiation treatment. No radiation-induced changes in HER2 expression were detected by Western blot, flow cytometry, or on tissue sections. DCE-MRI imaging demonstrated transiently increased tumor perfusion and permeability after irradiation, consistent with the higher tumor uptake of 18F-labeled anti-HER2 5F7 in irradiated mice.

Conclusion
Low-level brain irradiation induces dynamic changes in tumor vasculature that increase the intracranial tumor delivery of an anti-HER2 VHH, which could facilitate the use of radiolabeled VHH to detect, monitor, and treat HER2-expressing brain metastases.