bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review on Metformin
Authors: Ghosh Benumadhab , Kumar Tanishq , Zilate Sarju 
Published: March 2022

Metformin is the primary pharmacologic treatment of type II Diabetes also the most recommended drug around the world, either alone or in blend with insulin or other glucose-lowering treatments. Metformin is a biguanide. Metformin was likewise removed because of worries over lactic acidosis, but it consequently brought down glucose levels and was once again introduced in 1995.
Diabetes mellitus is a gathering of issues related to a metabolism where the glucose concentration of blood is higher than usual because of low discharge of insulin or inappropriate reactivity to insulin, bringing about hypertension. Therefore low glucose, results in cutting off intricacies. Metformin has been indicated to forestall diabetes for individuals who pose a greater danger and reduce the majority of diabetic confusion. Late responses to metformin indicated many more ramifications; for example, metformin has kidney protective characteristics. With an expanding worldwide weight of CAD, early identification and convenient administration of hazard factors are pivotal to decreasing dismalness and mortality in such patients. DM is viewed as a free danger factor for the improvement of CAD. Metformin, a drug for diabetic medication, has a role in pre-clinical and clinical examinations to lower cardiovascular occasions in DM patients. Metformin protectively affects coronary veins past its hypoglycemic impacts. Given its worldwide accessibility, course of organization, and cost, metformin gives a different restorative choice for essential and optional anticipation of CAD in DM and non-diabetics.
Metformin has also shown remarkable improvements in patients with Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Análise da qualidade de vida de idosos com doença de Parkinson vinculados a um programa de atenção à saúde
Authors: Yamane Fernanda de Oliveira , Magalhães Luana Maria , Della-Santa Giovana , Santos Ana Paula 
Published: March 2022

Introdução: do ponto de vista clínico, são muitos os elementos para a deterioração da qualidade de vida (QV) na Doença de Parkinson (DP). Objetivo: analisar a QV de idosos com DP vinculados a um programa de atenção à saúde do idoso. Metodologia: estudo transversal com 11 idosos com DP. A QV foi avaliada por meio do Parkinson’s Disease Questionary-39, a incapacidade através da Escala de Hoehn Yahr modificada (HY). As partes I (estado mental), II (atividades da vida diária), III (motricidade) e IV (complicações da terapia) da Escala Unificada de Avaliação da Doença de Parkinson (UPDRS); o tempo de doença e o gênero foram considerados para análise. Resultados: a percepção da QV foi pior no domínio mobilidade e melhor no domínio estigma. Não houve diferença na QV entre os sexos. O tempo de doença influenciou a QV referente à comunicação nos homens (p = 0,02). Houve correlação (moderada a forte) entre a QV domínio cognição com a UPDRS IV (p = 0,04). As mulheres apresentaram correlação entre a QV domínio mobilidade e a HY (p = 0,05) e a III (p = 0,04) e entre a QV domínio atividade de vida diária e a HY (p = 0,02), II (p = 0,01) e III (p = 0,01); os homensentre a QV domínio suporte social e a II (p = 0,01). Conclusão: a percepção da QV de idosos com DP vinculados a um programa de saúde foi similar entre os sexos e permeia as funções corpóreas e atividades do dia-a-dia.
Genetic spectrum in a cohort of patients with distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Wu Chengsi , Xiang Haijie , Chen Ran , Zheng Yilei , Zhu Min , Chen Shuyun , Yu Yanyan , Peng Yun , Yu Yaqing , Deng Jianwen , Zhou Meihong , Hong Daojun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDistal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by exclusive degeneration of peripheral motor nerves, while only 20.0–47.8% of dHMN patients are genetically identified. Recently, GGC expansion in the 5’UTR of NOTCH2NLC has been associated with dHMN. Accordingly, short tandem repeat (STR) should be further explored in genetically unsolved patients with dHMN.MethodsA total of 128 patients from 90 unrelated families were clinically diagnosed as dHMN, and underwent a comprehensively genetic screening. Skin biopsies were conducted with routine protocols.ResultsMost patients showed chronic distal weakness of lower limbs (121/128), while 20 patients initially had asymmetrical involvements, 14 had subclinical sensory abnormalities, 11 had pyramidal impairments, five had cerebellar disturbance, and four had hyperCKmia. The rate of genetic detection was achieved in 36.7% (33/90), and the rate increased to 46.7% (42/90) if patients with variants uncertain significance were included. The most common causative genes included chaperone‐related genes (8/33, 24.2%), tRNA synthetase genes (4/33, 12.1%), and cytoskeleton‐related genes (4/33, 12.1%). Additionally, two dominant inherited families were attributed to abnormal expansion of GGC repeats in the 5‘UTR of NOTCH2NLC; and a patient with dHMN and cerebellar symptoms had CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene. Skin biopsy from patients with GGC expansion in NOTCH2NLC revealed typical intranuclear inclusions on histological and ultrastructural examinations.InterpretationsThis study further extends the genetic heterogeneity of dHMN. Given some dHMN patients may be associated with nucleotides repeat expansion, STR screening is necessary to perform in genetically unsolved patients.
Self‐Regulated Chemical Substitution in a Highly Strained Perovskite Oxide
Authors: You Lu , Wang Xin , Zhang Qinghua , Chi Xiao , Yang Ping , Hu Yiqi , Li Ping , Hui Qiang , Fang Liang , Gu Lin , Xu Bin , Wang Junling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeterministic control of substitution sites is the holy grail of chemical engineering in materials science. The substitution of the dopants in the host crystal lattice usually obeys the empirical Hume‐Rothery rules, in which the mismatch of atomic size must be small and thus site‐specific. Herein, we report an unconventional case of mixed‐site substitution in highly‐strained BiFeO3 thin films. Driven by the delicate balance between chemical strain and epitaxial strain energies, the solid‐solution system demonstrates a self‐regulation behavior in dopant site occupancy to minimize the total free energy. This proposed mechanism offers valuable insight into the chemical substitution pathway in epitaxial thin films and provides a potential route to selectively control the substitution sites.
Construction of Highly Dispersed Ni Sites on N‐rich Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic NO Removal
Authors: Han Lixiao , Huang Jinming , Zhan Jin , Zhang Xiaohu , Wang Shengyao , Chen Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntelligent active site engineering to harness photogenerated charge carriers and motivate surface reactions is at the core of catalysis. Herein, highly dispersed Ni sites are planted on C3N5, an N‐rich carbon nitride, by a facial two‐step annealing method to construct a Ni‐C3N5 material. The incorporation of Ni sites can significantly enhance the e–/h+ separation efficiency of C3N5 under light irradiation and promote the activation of O2 to produce reactive oxygen species. Compared with pristine C3N5 (with NO removal ratio of ≈35%), the as‐prepared 0.1‐ or 0.25‐Ni‐C3N5 material can remove ≈54% continuous‐flowing NO (initial concentration: 600 ppb) quickly in less than 25 min under white LED light irradiation. The long‐term photocatalytic performance demonstrates that the catalyst is stable without obvious attenuation in activity. The findings of the trapping experiments and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy tests suggest that •O2− may mainly convert NO into NO2, while •OH and 1O2 play a significant role in the NO2 to NO3– conversion reaction. The present work brings new insights into the design of active sites on semiconductor photocatalytic materials for the treatment of NOx species.
Dinaphthotetrathienoacenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Jouclas Rémy , Liu Jie , Volpi Martina , Silva de Moraes Lygia , Garbay Guillaume , McIntosh Nemo , Bardini Marco , Lemaur Vincent , Vercouter Alexandre , Gatsios Christos , Modesti Federico , Turetta Nicholas , Beljonne David , Cornil Jérôme , Kennedy Alan R. , Koch Norbert , Erk Peter , Samorì Paolo , Schweicher Guillaume , Geerts Yves H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe charge transport of crystalline organic semiconductors is limited by dynamic disorder that tends to localize charges. It is the main hurdle to overcome in order to significantly increase charge carrier mobility. An innovative design that combines a chemical structure based on sulfur‐rich thienoacene with a solid‐state herringbone (HB) packing is proposed and the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and charge transport properties of two new thienoacenes bearing a central tetrathienyl core fused with two external naphthyl rings: naphtho[2,3‐b]thieno‐[2′′′,3′′′:4′′,5′′]thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′‐b]naphtho[2,3‐b]thiophene (DN4T) and naphtho[1,2‐b]thieno‐[2′′′,3′′′:4′′,5′′]thieno[2′′,3′′:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′‐b]naphtho[1,2‐b]thiophene are presented. Both compounds crystallize with a HB pattern structure and present transfer integrals ranging from 33 to 99 meV (for the former) within the HB plane of charge transport. Molecular dynamics simulations point toward an efficient resilience of the transfer integrals to the intermolecular sliding motion commonly responsible for strong variations of the electronic coupling in the crystal. Best device performances are reached with DN4T with hole mobility up to μ = 2.1 cm2 V−1s−1 in polycrystalline organic field effect transistors, showing the effectiveness of the electronic coupling enabled by the new aromatic core. These promising results pave the way to the design of high‐performing materials based on this new thienoacene, notably through the introduction of alkyl side‐chains.
Ultrawide Bandgap and Outstanding Second‐Harmonic Generation Response by a Fluorine‐Enrichment Strategy at a Transition‐Metal Oxyfluoride Nonlinear Optical Material
Authors: Wu Tianhui , Jiang Xingxing , Wu Chao , Hu Yilei , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been hindered by competing microstructure requirements: the need to simultaneously engineer a large hyperpolarizability (a large second‐harmonic generation (SHG)) and a wide HOMO–LUMO gap (a wide band gap). Herein, a non‐centrosymmetric transition‐metal (TM) oxyfluoride K5(NbOF4)(NbF7)2 (KNOF) with an extremely high F/O ratio is constructed in high yield. KNOF exhibits an extremely wide band gap (5.88 eV) and a strong powder SHG response (4.0×KH2PO4)—both being the largest values for TM‐centered oxyfluorides—as well as a birefringence sufficient for applications. The dominant roles of the partially fluorinated [NbO2F4] and totally fluorinated [NbF7] groups in achieving the enlarged band gap in KNOF have been clarified by first‐principles calculations. Our results suggest that maximizing the fluorine content of oxyfluorides may unlock the promise of short‐wavelength‐transparent materials with exceptional NLO performance.
Exploring two helical centrosymmetric homotetranuclear Cu (II) bis (salamo)‐based complexes
Authors: Li Ruo‐Yu , Dou Lin , Tong Li , Dong Wen‐Kui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo helical centrosymmetric homotetranuclear Cu (II) complexes, [Cu4(L)2(EtOH)2](ClO4)2·2EtOH·2CHCl3(1)and [{Cu4(L)2(EtOH)2}{Cu4(L)2(HNO3)2}](NO3)4·3EtOH·3MeOH(2), were synthesized by the reactions of a symmetric bis (salamo)‐based ligand H3L with Cu(ClO)2·6H2O and Cu(NO)3·3H2O, respectively, and certified by elemental analyses, UV–Visible absorption spectra, infrared spectra and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis techniques. X‐ray crystal structure analyses reveal that four Cu (II) atoms of complex1are attached to two deprotonated ligand (L)3−units with the help of two coordinated ethanol molecules, and then forming a helical centrosymmetric complex by H‐bonding and π⋯π interactions. While complex2unit cell contains two crystallographically independent but chemically identical homotetranuclear complexes (moleculesAandB), eight Cu (II) atoms are coordinated by four deprotonated ligand (L)3−units. The coordination mode of four Cu (II) atoms from moleculeAis the same as complex1; at the same time, oxygen atoms on nitrates are involved in the coordination of another four Cu (II) atoms from moleculeB. The short‐range interactions in complexes1and2were calculated by Hirshfeld surfaces analyses. The molecular orbital energy levels, molecular stabilities of complexes1and2were analyzed by DFT calculations. In addition, antibacterial assays were also investigated in detail.
Systematics, distribution, biology, and conservation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) in China
Authors: Liu Xiongjun , Liu Yueying , Wu Ruiwen , Zanatta David T. , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Gonçalves Duarte V. , Bogan Arthur E. , Ouyang Shan , Wu Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFreshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) have a broad global distribution on every continent except Antarctica. However, owing to human activities, the diversity of freshwater mussels is seriously globally threatened. China is an important global biodiversity hotspot for this fauna.This article comprehensively reviews the 99 currently recognized species in China, collating for the first time their systematics, distribution, life‐history traits, habitat preferences, conservation status, and main threats to suggest future management actions.The review showed that the taxonomic status and species validity of many freshwater mussels are still not well resolved. The freshwater mussel diversity in the Yangtze River Basin is higher than that in other freshwater habitats in China. Life history characteristics and habitat preferences are poorly known for most species.Only half of the total number of species in China have been assessed for their conservation status. Among those assessed, around half of them are threatened with extinction with more than 10% being considered as Data Deficient.The key threats identified as potentially related to species declines are pollution, habitat loss and fragmentation, loss of access to host fishes and overharvesting of mussels or their host fishes.The review shows that there is a strong geographical bias in the amount of knowledge available for freshwater mussels, with most of the available data being concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze basin. Almost no data are available for these taxa north of the Yellow River basin and in the west and south‐west regions of China.To make future conservation and management more effective we suggest that efforts should be concentrated on: (i) increasing the amount of research on basic ecological and life‐history features, including growth, life‐span, reproductive cycle, host fish identification and habitat requirements of each species; (ii) establishing the interspecific and intraspecific genetic diversity patterns of Chinese freshwater mussels, to clarify their taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny, and to understand the phylogeography and population structure of each species; and (iii) urgently establishing protected areas for fish and mussels in locations of high species richness, such as Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, and also in regions with high levels of endemism or genetic uniqueness, such as Guangxi Province, Yunnan Province and Heilongjiang Province. In addition, the need for habitat restoration and the conservation of freshwater mussels has become urgent in China, and an integrated systematic conservation and management plan should be developed and effectively implemented.
Understanding Electrolyte Filling of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes on the Pore Scale Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Lautenschlaeger Martin P. , Prifling Benedikt , Kellers Benjamin , Weinmiller Julius , Danner Timo , Schmidt Volker , Latz Arnulf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrolyte filling is a time‐critical step during battery manufacturing that also affects battery performance. The underlying physical phenomena mainly occur on the pore scale and are hard to study experimentally. Therefore, here, the lattice Boltzmann method is used to study the filling of realistic 3D lithium‐ion battery cathodes. Electrolyte flow through the nanoporous binder is modelled adequately. Besides process time, the influences of particle size, binder distribution, volume fraction and wetting behavior of active material and binder are investigated. Optimized filling conditions are discussed by pressure‐saturation relationships. It is shown how the influencing factors affect the electrolyte saturation. The amount and distribution of entrapped residual gas are analyzed in detail. Both can adversely affect the battery performance. The results indicate how the filling process, the final electrolyte saturation, and also the battery performance can be optimized by adapting process parameters as well as electrode and electrolyte design.
Transcriptional profiling demonstrates altered characteristics of CD8+ cytotoxic T‐cells and regulatory T‐cells in TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abolhalaj Milad , Sincic Viktor , Lilljebjörn Henrik , Sandén Carl , Aab Alar , Hägerbrand Karin , Ellmark Peter , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. , Fioretos Thoas , Lundberg Kristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have limited effect from T‐cell‐based therapies, such as PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 blockade. However, recent data indicate that AML patients with TP53 mutation have higher immune infiltration and other immunomodulatory therapies could thus potentially be effective. Here, we performed the transcriptional analysis of distinct T‐cell subpopulations from TP53‐mutated AML to identify gene expression signatures suggestive of altered functional properties.MethodsCD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), conventional helper T cells (Th), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were sorted from peripheral blood of AML patients with TP53 mutation (n = 5) and healthy donors (n = 3), using FACS, and the different subpopulations were subsequently subjected to RNA‐sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were identified and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to outline altered pathways and exhaustion status. Also, expression levels for a set of genes encoding established and emerging immuno‐oncological targets were defined.ResultsThe results showed altered transcriptional profiles for each of the T‐cell subpopulations from TP53‐mutated AML as compared to control subjects. IFN‐α and IFN‐γ signaling were stronger in TP53‐mutated AML for both CTLs and Tregs. Furthermore, in TP53‐mutated AML as compared to healthy controls, Tregs showed gene expression signatures suggestive of metabolic adaptation to their environment, whereas CTLs exhibited features of exhaustion/dysfunction with a stronger expression of TIM3 as well as enrichment of a gene set related to exhaustion.ConclusionsThe results provide insights on mechanisms underlying the inadequate immune response to leukemic cells in TP53‐mutated AML and open up for further exploration toward novel treatment regimens for these patients.
Cananginone Abrogates EMT in Breast Cancer Cells through Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Bose Chandra , Das Ujjal , Kuilya Tapan Kumar , Mondal Joyanta , Bhadra Jhuma , Banerjee Priyanjalee , Goswami Rajib Kumar , Sinha Surajit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCananginones, a family of linear acetogenins found as secondary metabolites in the plant kingdom, show cytotoxicity against several types of cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cananginone and its mechanism as an anti‐cancer agent. Our initial screening of Cananginone against HepG2, PC3, A549, and MCF7 cells showed anti‐cancer activities and is more potent against MCF7 cells, consistent with the previous report. Next, cell‐based assays have revealed that cananginone abrogates cancer stem cell renewal as well as Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and increased the ROS level beyond the threshold level thus reducing the viability of cancer cells. In the connection of Hh‐Gli to EMT, our study indicated that cananginone inhibits Gli1 in a non‐canonical pathway. Presumably, this is the first report on the inhibitory activity of cananginone in the Hh pathway and is different from Hh‐antagonists cyclopamine and GANT 61 considering the mechanism.
Custom double tray for a special impression technique for flabby maxillary residual ridge: Case report
Authors: Mostafa Aisha Zakaria Hashem , Alanazi Sarab Muzil , Almarshedy Samaher Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe construction of a removable dental prosthesis for patients with compromised residual alveolar ridges is a challenge for prosthodontists. Flabby anterior ridges and hypermobile tissues in completely edentulous arches require special considerations during prosthetic management, especially when natural dentations remain on the opposite side. Previous studies have revealed that the displacement of flabby tissue can be reduced during impressions by controlling the applied forces via changes in factors such as the tray design, scraping of impression trays, impression material, window technique, and seating velocity of the impressions. However, there may still be some forces applied during impression or there is no even space because there are no trays supporting the vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression material in the open window area. Using a custom double tray with even gap between these trays and injecting light body impression material may eliminate these forces and provide accuracy due to even space for the impression material. This article is a clinical report of a patient who presented with an anterior flabby maxillary edentulous ridge opposing the remaining anterior natural teeth. A custom double tray was fabricated using the principle of the window technique. The gap between the double trays allows mucostatic impressions of flabby ridge tissue to be made with accuracy. The maxillary single denture, which was made with a custom double tray, satisfied the patient.
Luminescent Surface‐Tethered Polymer Brush Materials
Authors: Poisson Jade , Hudson Zachary M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurface‐tethered polymers are unique molecular architectures that have been recently used in advanced sensors, electronics and biomedical applications. However, techniques for characterizing these materials in their surface‐tethered form remain limited. The incorporation of luminescent functionality into these materials has enabled new characterization methods, while also unlocking new applications in optoelectronics, stenography and sensing. Micron‐scale photolithography techniques have recently enabled the preparation of high‐resolution patterns, as well as architectures with unique photophysical properties. Herein, we provide an overview of the techniques used to prepare luminescent polymer brush materials and their applications in stimuli‐responsive sensors, cell adhesion materials, and optoelectronics. We also provide our perspective on the promising future uses of surface‐tethered polymers, as well as the short‐term challenges and opportunities in the field.