bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Cement and Pedicle Screw for the Treatment of Spinal Tumors with Spinal Cord Compression and Posterior Wall Defects
Authors: Shao Xiaofeng , Wu Jian , Zhou Zhangzhe , Lv Nanning , Chen Kangwu , He Shuangjun , Sun Zhiyong , Qian Zhonglai 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy of posterior internal fixation with open vertebroplasty (VP) and posterior internal fixation with open kyphoplasty (KP) in the treatment of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) with posterior wall destruction.MethodsThis retrospective study, conducted between January 2016 and May 2019, equally divided 60 patients with MESCC and posterior wall destruction into two groups based on the surgical method: open vertebroplasty with pedicle screw fixation (VP group) and open kyphoplasty with pedicle screw fixation (KP group). Visual analogue scale (VAS), SF‐36 scores, middle vertebral height (MVH), and posterior vertebral height (PVH) were evaluated for the two groups preoperatively, postoperatively, and 1 year after surgery. Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score, Frankel grades and complications were recorded and evaluated.ResultsFive patients were excluded from the analysis, and our study cohort consisted of 55 adult patients who met the inclusion criteria. The VAS and SF‐36 scores of these two groups of patients significantly improved, when compared with those before the surgery (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in total cost (8835 ± 1468 vs 9540 ± 053 USD) and cement volume (4.51 ± 0.96 ml vs 6.35 ± 1.09 ml) between two groups (P < 0.05). The MVH and PVH of these two groups of patients significantly improved, when compared with those before the surgery (P < 0.05). The MVH was significantly larger in the KP group than in the VP group postoperatively (20.15 ± 4.86 vs 17.70 ± 3.78, P < 0.05) and at the final follow‐up (20.42 ± 5.59 vs 17.28 ± 3.23, P < 0.05). However, the PVH of the two groups did not significantly differ at the two postoperative follow‐ups (P > 0.05). No significant differences were found in surgery time, time from surgery to discharge, blood loss and complications between both groups postoperatively (P > 0.05).ConclusionIn the short term, both approaches are effective and safe in patients with MESCC and posterior wall destruction. The posterior internal fixation with open VP may be a good choice of surgical method in patients with MESCC and posterior wall defects.
Progress of Periosteal Osteogenesis: The Prospect of In Vivo Bioreactor
Authors: Chen Xiaoxue , Yu Baofu , Wang Zi , Li Qingfeng , Dai Chuanchang , Wei Jiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRepairing large segment bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue prefabrication shows great translational potentials and has been gradually accepted clinically. Existing bone reconstruction strategies, including autologous periosteal graft, allogeneic periosteal transplantation, xenogeneic periosteal transplantation, and periosteal cell tissue engineering, are all clinically valuable treatments and have made significant progress in research. Herein, we reviewed the research progress of these techniques and briefly explained the relationship amongin vivomicroenvironment, mechanical force, and periosteum osteogenesis. Moreover, we also highlighted the importance of the critical role of periosteum in osteogenesis and explained current challenges and future perspective.
Factors Related to Preoperative Coronal Malalignment in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis: An Analysis on Coronal Parameters
Authors: Zhang Zifang , Liu Tao , Wang Yan , Wang Zheng , Zheng Guoquan 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesRecently the effects of coronal malalignment (CM) in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) have been reported, however, there was few studies on the correlated parameters of coronal alignments at pre‐operation. The aims of this current study were to investigate the associations of coronal parameters with scoliosis and coronal alignment, and to explore the relationships between the coronal pelvic tilt and coronal alignment in DLS.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐one DLS patients in our hospital from May 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed and documented. The coronal balance distance (CBD, the offset between the center of C7 and the plumb line drawn from the center of S1), major Cobb (MC), fractional Cobb (FC), L4 coronal tilt, L5 coronal tilt, coronal pelvic tilt, apical rotation, and the vertebras in major curve were measured and documented. CM was considered if the CBD ≥ 30mm. All of those participants were assigned into group A (CBD ≥ 30 mm) and group B (CBD < 30 mm). Comparisons of demographic and radiographic data were performed between groups A and B. Pearson correlation and further multiple regression with stepwise method analysis were used to investigate those coronal parameters correlated to MC and CBD, respectively.ResultsThirty‐one patients suffering from CM were assigned into group A, and the rest of 130 patients were assigned to group B accordingly. Then the incidence of CM was about 19.3% (31/161). Patients in group A had less vertebras in the main curve (P = 0.009), however, the apical rotation (P < 0.001) and the L4 coronal tilt (P = 0.007) were much larger. Although the MC (P = 0.426) and FC (P = 0.06) had no difference between the two groups, the match between MC and FC was much smaller (p = 0.021) in group A. The coronal pelvic tilt correlated significantly with FC (r = 0.552, p < 0.001), but mildly with MC (r = −0.366, p < 0.001), L4 coronal tilt (r = 0.348, p < 0.001), and L5 coronal tilt (r = 0.351, p < 0.001), respectively. The CBD correlated strongly with L4 coronal tilt (r = −0.471, p < 0.001) and L5 coronal tilt (r = −0.468, p < 0.001), respectively, but mildly with FC (r = −0.255, p = 0.016). Further multiple regression analysis revealed that only L4 coronal tilt was the independent factor for MC (r2 = 0.549, p < 0.001) and CBD (r2 = 0.221, p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CM in DLS patients is about 19% at pre‐operation. With similar major Cobb, the less the vertebras in the major curve, the larger the CBD. L4 coronal tilt may correlate significantly to scoliosis and CBD. Coronal pelvic tilt may be just one of the compensations for the scoliosis deformity but effects CBD directly.
Adaptation to a new environment with pre‐adaptive genomic features – Evidence from woody plants colonizing the land–sea interface
Authors: Guo Zixiao , Xu Shaohua , Xie Wei , Shao Shao , Feng Xiao , He Ziwen , Zhong Cairong , Huang Kaichi , Wu Chung‐I , Shi Suhua 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYAdaptation to new environments is a key evolutionary process which presumably involves complex genomic changes. Mangroves, a collection of approximately 80 woody plants that have independently invaded intertidal zones >20 times, are ideal for studying this process. We assembled near‐chromosome‐scale genomes of three Xylocarpus species as well as an outgroup species using single‐molecule real‐time sequencing. Phylogenomic analysis reveals two separate lineages, one with the mangrove Xylocarpus granatum and the other comprising a mangrove Xylocarpus moluccensis and a terrestrial Xylocarpus rumphii. In conjunction with previous studies, we identified several genomic features associated with mangroves: (i) signals of positive selection in genes related to salt tolerance and root development; (ii) genome‐wide elevated ratios of non‐synonymous to synonymous substitution relative to terrestrial relatives; and (iii) active elimination of long terminal repeats. These features are found in the terrestrial X. rumphii in addition to the two mangroves. These genomic features, not being strictly mangrove‐specific, are hence considered pre‐adaptive. We infer that the coastal but non‐intertidal habitat of X. rumphii may have predisposed the common ancestor to invasion of true mangrove habitats. Other features including the preferential retention of duplicated genes and intolerance to pseudogenization are not found in X. rumphii and are likely true adaptive features in mangroves. In conclusion, by studying adaptive shift and partial shifts among closely related species, we set up a framework to study genomic features that are acquired at different stages of the pre‐adaptation and adaptation to new environments.
Predictive Machine Learning Model for Bottom Hole Flowing and Average Formation Pressure in Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Sui Gulei , Du Hongyong , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Bo , Zhu Hongxiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Considering that injection–production of underground gas storage (UGS) is characterized by periodic and dramatic change, effective and fast model for predicting the pressure of UGS would not only be a valuable tool to figure out pressure variety but also of great benefit in optimizing injection and production. This study proposes a practical pressure prediction procedure for UGS to adapt the imbalances between injection and production on a timely basis. In this work, a first step in establishing a novel correlativity measure algorithm to screen out the objective injector–producer wells is proposed. A continuous feature selection strategy aims at selecting and filtrating feature to form the input variables of the pressure predictive model. Eventually, the long-short term memory model is used to fit the variation of pressure. Besides, an in-depth discussion illustrates the importance of well site division and model sensitivity analysis. The predictive capability of the proposed approach is verified by a real application scenario. Experimental results reveal that predictive relative error is less than 5%, which proves that the above procedure exhibits better prediction performance. The novelty of this work is that it is a purely data-driven approach that can directly interpret conventional surface measurements into intuitive subsurface pressure parameters, ideal for field applications of UGS.
Head Kinematics in Youth Ice Hockey by Player Speed and Impact Direction
Authors: Swenson Abigail G. , Schunicht Bari A. , Pritchard Nicholas S. , Miller Logan E. , Urban Jillian E. , Stitzel Joel D. 
Published: July 2022

Hockey is a fast-paced sport known for body checking, or intentional collisions used to separate opponents from the puck. Exposure to these impacts is concerning, as evidence suggests head impact exposure (HIE), even if noninjurious, can cause long-term brain changes. Currently, there is limited understanding of the effect of impact direction and collision speed on HIE. Video analysis was used to determine speed and direction for 162 collisions from 13 youth athletes. These data were paired with head kinematic data collected with an instrumented mouthpiece. Relationships between peak resultant head kinematics and speeds were evaluated with linear regression. Mean athlete speeds and relative velocity between athletes ranged from 2.05 to 2.76 m/s. Mean peak resultant linear acceleration, rotational velocity, and rotational acceleration were 13.1 g, 10.5 rad/s, and 1112 rad/s2, respectively. Significant relationships between speeds and head kinematics emerged when stratified by contact characteristics. HIE also varied by direction of collision; most collisions occurred in the forward-oblique (ie, offset from center) direction; frontal collisions had the greatest magnitude peak kinematics. These findings indicate that HIE in youth hockey is influenced by speed and direction of impact. This study may inform future strategies to reduce the severity of HIE in hockey.
Diagnostic delay in IPF impacts progression-free survival, quality of life and hospitalisation rates
Authors: Hoyer Nils , Prior Thomas Skovhus , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Shaker Saher Burhan 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is often delayed up to several years. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the diagnostic delay on progression-free survival, quality of life and hospitalisation rates.MethodsA total of 264 incident patients with IPF were included immediately after their diagnosis and followed for up to 5 years, with regular collection of clinical data, quality-of-life questionnaires and assessment of disease progression. Hospitalisation data were extracted from electronic patient records. Analyses were performed on the entire cohort and strata according to forced vital capacity (FVC) at diagnosis.ResultsA long diagnostic delay (>1 year) was associated with worse progression-free survival compared with a short diagnostic delay (<1 year) (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.46, p=0.004) especially in patients with mild disease at the time of diagnosis (FVC>80% predicted). Mean total scores of the St. George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), a derived IPF-specific version of the SGRQ and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) were consistently higher in patients with long diagnostic delays, indicating worse quality of life. Mean hospitalisation rates were higher during the first year after diagnosis (Incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.35 to 8.55, p=0.01) and during the entire follow-up (IRR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.02, p=0.04).ConclusionA diagnostic delay of more than 1 year negatively impacts progression-free survival, quality of life and hospitalisation rates in patients with IPF. These findings highlight the importance of an early diagnosis for proper management of IPF.Trial registration numberNCT02755441.
The Role of AKT in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Review and Insights
Authors: Wang Yu , Ilyas Farhan Z. , Kheradmandi Mahsa , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Grignol Valerie P. , Contreras Carlo , Tsichlis Philip N. , Pollock Raphael E. , Beane Joal D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a biologically diverse group of mesenchymal tumors that predominantly exhibit a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is considered the mainstay of treatment and provides the only chance for long-term survival. However, some patients present with locally advanced, unresectable disease, and for those who are able to undergo resection, tumor recurrence occurs in over half of patients. In addition, the efficacy of conventional systemic therapies remains dismal. The serine/threonine kinase AKT pathway is one of the most frequently aberrantly activated signaling pathways that has been verified in many types of human cancer. Dysregulation of the AKT cascade is known to result in tumorigenesis and aggressive clinical behavior for many tumor types, including STS. EGFRs, with its downstream effectors, PI3K and protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR, have been investigated for decades as promising targets for the treatment of STS, but significant challenges remain and the prognosis of patients with advanced STS has not improved in over two decades. In this review, we will first describe the AKT pathway and its role in STS tumor biology and then discuss the current challenges in targeting the AKT pathway to treat patients with advanced sarcoma.
Embryologic Origin Influences Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Signatures in Murine Marfan Syndrome Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Pedroza Albert J. , Dalal Alex R. , Shad Rohan , Yokoyama Nobu , Nakamura Ken , Cheng Paul , Wirka Robert C. , Mitchel Olivia , Baiocchi Michael , Hiesinger William , Quertermous Thomas , Fischbein Michael P. 
Published: July 2022

Background:

Aortic root smooth muscle cells (SMC) develop from both the second heart field (SHF) and neural crest. Disparate responses to disease-causing
Fbn1
variants by these lineages are proposed to promote focal aortic root aneurysm formation in Marfan syndrome (MFS), but lineage-stratified SMC analysis in vivo is lacking.

Methods:

We generated SHF lineage-traced MFS mice and performed integrated multiomic (single-cell RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing) analysis stratified by embryological origin. SMC subtypes were spatially identified via RNA in situ hybridization. Response to
TWIST1
overexpression was determined via lentiviral transduction in human aortic SMCs.

Results:

Lineage stratification enabled nuanced characterization of aortic root cells. We identified heightened SHF-derived SMC heterogeneity including a subset of
Tnnt2
(cardiac troponin T)-expressing cells distinguished by altered proteoglycan expression. MFS aneurysm-associated SMC phenotypic modulation was identified in both SHF-traced and nontraced (neural crest–derived) SMCs; however, transcriptomic responses were distinct between lineages. SHF-derived modulated SMCs overexpressed collagen synthetic genes and small leucine-rich proteoglycans while nontraced SMCs activated chondrogenic genes. These modulated SMCs clustered focally in the aneurysmal aortic root at the region of SHF/neural crest lineage overlap. Integrated RNA-assay for transposase-accessible chromatin analysis identified enriched
Twist1
and
Smad2/3/4
complex binding motifs in SHF-derived modulated SMCs. TWIST1 overexpression promoted collagen and
SLRP
gene expression in vitro, suggesting TWIST1 may drive SHF-enriched collagen synthesis in MFS aneurysm.

Conclusions:
SMCs derived from both SHF and neural crest lineages undergo phenotypic modulation in MFS aneurysm but are defined by subtly distinct transcriptional responses. Enhanced TWIST1 transcription factor activity may contribute to enriched collagen synthetic pathways SHF-derived SMCs in MFS.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Masked Hypertension Among Children With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bae Sunjae , Samuels Joshua A. , Flynn Joseph T. , Mitsnefes Mark M. , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A. , Ng Derek K. ,   for the CKiD Study
Published: July 2022

Background:
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is routinely performed in children with chronic kidney disease to identify masked hypertension, a risk factor for accelerated chronic kidney disease progression. However, ABPM is burdensome, and developing an accurate prediction of masked hypertension may allow using ABPM selectively rather than routinely.

Methods:
To create a prediction model for masked hypertension using clinic blood pressure (BP) and other clinical characteristics, we analyzed 809 ABPM studies with nonhypertensive clinic BP among the participants of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study.

Results:

Masked hypertension was identified in 170 (21.0%) observations. We created prediction models for masked hypertension via gradient boosting, random forests, and logistic regression using 109 candidate predictors and evaluated its performance using bootstrap validation. The models showed
C
statistics from 0.660 (95% CI, 0.595–0.707) to 0.732 (95% CI, 0.695–0.786) and Brier scores from 0.148 (95% CI, 0.141–0.154) to 0.167 (95% CI, 0.152–0.183). Using the possible thresholds identified from this model, we stratified the dataset by clinic systolic/diastolic BP percentiles. The prevalence of masked hypertension was the lowest (4.8%) when clinic systolic/diastolic BP were both <20th percentile, and relatively low (9.0%) with clinic systolic BP<20th and diastolic BP<80th percentiles. Above these thresholds, the prevalence was higher with no discernable pattern.

Conclusions:
ABPM could be used selectively in those with low clinic BP, for example, systolic BP<20th and diastolic BP<80th percentiles, although careful assessment is warranted as masked hypertension was not completely absent even in this subgroup. Above these clinic BP levels, routine ABPM remains recommended.
Substance Use and Performance of Toxicology Screens in the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study
Authors: Madsen Tracy E. , Cummings Olivia W. , De Los Rios La Rosa Felipe , Khoury Jane C. , Alwell Kathleen , Woo Daniel , Ferioli Simona , Martini Sharyl , Adeoye Opeolu , Khatri Pooja , Flaherty Matthew L. , Mackey Jason , Mistry Eva A. , Demel Stacie L. , Coleman Elisheva , Jasne Adam S. , Slavin Sabreena J. , Walsh Kyle , Star Michael , Broderick Joseph P. , Kissela Brett M. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Though stroke risk factors such as substance use may vary with age, less is known about trends in substance use over time or about performance of toxicology screens in young adults with stroke.

Methods:
Using the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study, a population-based study in a 5-county region comprising 1.3 million people, we reported the frequency of documented substance use (cocaine/marijuana/opiates/other) obtained from electronic medical record review, overall and by race/gender subgroups among physician-adjudicated stroke events (ischemic and hemorrhagic) in adults 20 to 54 years of age. Secondary analyses included heavy alcohol use and cigarette smoking. Data were reported for 5 one-year periods spanning 22 years (1993/1994–2015), and trends over time were tested. For 2015, to evaluate factors associated with performance of toxicology screens, multiple logistic regression was performed.

Results:

Overall, 2152 strokes were included: 74.5% were ischemic, mean age was 45.7±7.6, 50.0% were women, and 35.9% were Black. Substance use was documented in 4.4%, 10.4%, 19.2%, 24.0%, and 28.8% of cases in 1993/1994, 1999, 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively (
P
trend
<0.001). Between 1993/1994 and 2015, documented substance use increased in all demographic subgroups. Adjusting for gender, comorbidities, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, predictors of toxicology screens included Black race (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.02–2.45]), younger age (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.53–0.91], per 10 years), current smoking (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.06–2.46]), and treatment at an academic hospital (adjusted odds ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.14–2.84]). After adding chart-reported substance use to the model, only chart-reported substance abuse and age were significant.

Conclusions:
In a population-based study of young adults with stroke, documented substance use increased over time, and documentation of substance use was higher among Black compared with White individuals. Further work is needed to confirm race-based disparities and trends in substance use given the potential for bias in screening and documentation. Findings suggest a need for more standardized toxicology screening.
Using Global t-SNE to Preserve Intercluster Data Structure
Authors: Zhou Yuansheng , Sharpee Tatyana O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) method is one of the leading techniques for data visualization and clustering. This method finds lower-dimensional embedding of data points while minimizing distortions in distances between neighboring data points. By construction, t-SNE discards information about large-scale structure of the data. We show that adding a global cost function to the t-SNE cost function makes it possible to cluster the data while preserving global intercluster data structure. We test the new global t-SNE (g-SNE) method on one synthetic and two real data sets on flower shapes and human brain cells. We find that significant and meaningful global structure exists in both the plant and human brain data sets. In all cases, g-SNE outperforms t-SNE and UMAP in preserving the global structure. Topological analysis of the clustering result makes it possible to find an appropriate trade-off of data distribution across scales. We find differences in how data are distributed across scales between the two subjects that were part of the human brain data set. Thus, by striving to produce both accurate clustering and positioning between clusters, the g-SNE method can identify new aspects of data organization across scales.