bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary central nervous system lymphoma: Inter‐compartmental progression
Authors: Raval Vishal , Binkley Elaine , Aronow Mary E. , Valenzuela Juan , Peereboom David M. , Wei Wei , Srivastava Sunil , Davanzo Jaqueline , Boldt Herbert Culver , McGarrey Mark P. , Papaliodis George N. , Sobrin Lucia , Kim Ivana K. , Vavvas Dimitrios G. , Eliott Dean , Nayak Lakshmi , Dodds Emilio , Marco del Pont Francisco , Singh Arun D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is limited understanding of the inter‐compartmental progression and treatment outcomes of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). In this multicenter retrospective cohort study on 234 patients with PCNSL (median age: 62.5 years [18–92]; median follow‐up 35 months [0.1–237.0]) from 2000 till 2018 were divided into group 1 (ocular, 44 patients): 1A and 1B without and with CNS progression and group 2 (CNS, 190 patients): 2A and 2B without and with ocular progression, respectively. In group 1 (44 patients), 33 patients received local treatment, and 11 patients received systemic treatment. In group 2 (15 patients), six patients received combination treatment, while seven patients received only systemic treatment. A complete response was observed in 19 (43%) and 91 (48%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 35% (95% CI: 0.23, 0.54) and 56% (95% CI: 0.49, 0.63) for groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.0001). Age < 60 years was significantly associated with longer PFS (median PFS 48 vs. 24 months, p = 0.01). The overall survival (OS) at 2‐year was similar among groups 1 and 2 (83% and 67%), respectively (p = 0.06). Thus, Initial compartment of involvement does not influence local response rate or OS.
How stable are visions for protected area management? Stakeholder perspectives before and during a pandemic
Authors: Lo Veronica B. P. G. , López‐Rodríguez María D. , Metzger Marc J. , Oteros‐Rozas Elisa , Cebrián‐Piqueras Miguel A. , Ruiz‐Mallén Isabel , March Hug , Raymond Christopher M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Envisioning processes enable protected area managers to chart a course for future management to reach desired goals, but unexpected changes that could affect future visions are not usually considered. The global COVID‐19 pandemic provided an opportunity to explore changes in stakeholder visions, the values that underpin the visions, and their perceptions of landscape changes and the underlying drivers (e.g. climate change, mass tourism and demographic trends).

Through a mixed‐methods approach in this post‐evaluation study, we gathered comparative data on these issues from stakeholders in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, Spain, between July 2019 (pre‐pandemic) and October 2020 (mid‐pandemic).

Our qualitative analysis demonstrates that pre‐pandemic, differences in visions for protected area management were largely spurred by different perceptions of drivers of change, rather than differences in values or perceived landscape changes, which were similar across different vision themes.

One year later, in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the majority of stakeholders reported that their values, visions and perceptions of drivers did not change despite this large‐scale disturbance. Of the 20%–30% of stakeholders that did report changes, visions generally shifted towards greater prioritization of biodiversity and nature conservation as a result of heightened perceptions of the impacts of drivers of change associated with an increase in the numbers of park visitors. These drivers included mass tourism, mountain recreation, lack of environmental awareness, and change in values and traditions.

Our findings reinforce the importance of adaptive and inclusive management of protected areas, including enhancing transparency and communications regarding factors driving change in the landscape, and integration of local and traditional knowledge and stakeholder perceptions of changes and drivers. Furthermore, management plans integrating stakeholder values have the potential to stay relevant even in the face of wildcard events such as a pandemic.

To enhance the relevancy of visions and scenarios in conservation and land‐use planning, scenario planning methodologies should more strongly consider different potential disturbances and how drivers of change in the near and far future can be affected by wildcard events such as a pandemic.
The impact of regulatory restrictions on pregabalin use in Saudi Arabia: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Althunian Turki A. , Alomran Maha I. , Alsagri Ghada M. , Alrasheed Meshael M. , Alshammari Thamir M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) added pregabalin to the list of controlled substances in December 2017 to minimize the risk of its possible abuse and misuse. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of this decision on the overall use of pregabalin in Saudi Arabia and in comparison with drugs prescribed to treat neuropathic pain (i.e., vs. gabapentin, tramadol, duloxetine, and amitriptyline).MethodsThis was an interrupted time‐series analysis of the Saudi quarterly sale data of the study drugs from October/2015 to September/2020. These data were obtained from IQVIA and were converted into use estimates (defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitant‐days [DDD/TID]). Segmented regression models were conducted to assess the direct (level) and prolonged (trend) changes in use data after the decision. All analyses were completed using RStudio Version 1.4.1103.ResultsBefore the SFDA's decision, there was an increased quarter‐to‐quarter use of pregabalin (DDD/TID: 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.28). Pregabalin overall use dropped sharply by −1.85 DDD/TID (95% CI −2.71 to −0.99) directly after the decision with a prolonged quarter‐to‐quarter declining effect (DDD/TID: −0.22, CI to −0.37 to −0.05). The decision was associated with a direct increase in the use of gabapentin by 0.62 DDD/TID (95% CI 0.52–0.72) without any impact on the use of other drugs.ConclusionsThe results of our study showed that the SFDA decision was associated with a decrease in the overall use of pregabalin, which may help minimize the risk of its abuse and misuse.
The range expansion of Clibanarius erythropus to the UK suggests that other range-shifting intertidal species may not follow
Authors: Patterson Christophe , Laing Chris , Early Regan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ranges of species are shifting as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. In the marine realm biogeographic transition zones could form barriers to dispersal and inhibit range-shift, but little is known about this potential effect. The hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus appeared in the UK in 2016 with the nearest reproducing population being on the northern coast of Brittany. This raises questions of which conditions may have permitted C. erythropus to cross the English Channel (7.25°W, 49.00°N) and whether this barrier could be overcome by other intertidal species. Dispersal simulations suggest the larvae of C. erythropus arrived in 2014, originated from North Brittany, experienced a mean temperature of around 16 °C, and took longer than 20 days to be transported across the channel. The transportation of larvae from Brittany to the southwest UK appears to be rare and driven by occasional, unusual ocean currents. The English Channel may continue to prevent species with pelagic larvae that settle within 20 days, such as many species of gastropod, annelids, and macroalgae, from successfully range expanding to the UK. North Brittany was the only landmass from which it is feasible the UK population of C. erythropus could have originated. Therefore, species with long-lived pelagic larvae but without reproducing populations in North Brittany may not appear in the southwest UK until the species are established in North Brittany. The English Channel could continue to limit the ability of many intertidal species to shift their range with climate change.
Physical processes of summer extreme rainfall interannual variability in eastern China: Part I—observational analysis
Authors: Tian Fangxing , Li Sihan , Dong Buwen , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Freychet Nicolas , Sparrow Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExtreme precipitation can have catastrophic effects in China by triggering floods, landslides, and other natural disasters. We measure extreme precipitation over eastern China by the maximum of five-day precipitation amount (Rx5day) in June, July, and August (JJA), which contributes more than 20% of the climate mean of JJA regional total precipitation. Based on the empirical orthogonal teleconnection (EOT) method, this work identifies four dominant regions of observed Rx5day interannual variability in eastern China: north-eastern China (EOT1), the southern lower reaches of the Yangtze valley (EOT2), southern China (EOT3) and the northern lower reaches of the Yangtze valley (EOT4). EOT1 extreme precipitation is related to a strong East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), a weak monsoon front and a northward displaced upper-tropospheric westerly jet. EOT2 and EOT4 extreme precipitation are related to an enhanced and stable monsoon front and a strong western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). The WNPSH associated with EOT4 is stronger than that associated with EOT2, which pushes the monsoon front further north. EOT3 represents extreme precipitation that is related to anomalous southerlies around the western ridge of the WNPSH. The southerlies transport warm and moist air to southern China and increase precipitation there. The four key regions and the related mechanisms are not sensitive to the EOT technique, as the EOT-based extreme precipitation patterns and circulation anomalies are confirmed using Self-Organising Maps (SOMs).
Computational characteristics of feedforward neural networks for solving a stiff differential equation
Authors: Schneidereit Toni , Breuß Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFeedforward neural networks offer a possible approach for solving differential equations. However, the reliability and accuracy of the approximation still represent delicate issues that are not fully resolved in the current literature. Computational approaches are in general highly dependent on a variety of computational parameters as well as on the choice of optimisation methods, a point that has to be seen together with the structure of the cost function. The intention of this paper is to make a step towards resolving these open issues. To this end, we study here the solution of a simple but fundamental stiff ordinary differential equation modelling a damped system. We consider two computational approaches for solving differential equations by neural forms. These are the classic but still actual method of trial solutions defining the cost function, and a recent direct construction of the cost function related to the trial solution method. Let us note that the settings we study can easily be applied more generally, including solution of partial differential equations. By a very detailed computational study, we show that it is possible to identify preferable choices to be made for parameters and methods. We also illuminate some interesting effects that are observable in the neural network simulations. Overall we extend the current literature in the field by showing what can be done in order to obtain useful and accurate results by the neural network approach. By doing this we illustrate the importance of a careful choice of the computational setup.
The black hole of the transition process: dropout of care before transition age in adolescents
Authors: Reneses Blanca , Escudero Almudena , Tur Nuria , Agüera-Ortiz Luis , Moreno Dolores María , Saiz-Ruiz Jerónimo , Rey-Bruguera Mayelin , Pando Maria-Fuencisla , Bravo-Ortiz Maria-Fe , Moreno Ana , Rey-Mejías Ángel , Singh Swaran P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent evidence confirms the risks of discontinuity of care when young people make a transition from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS), although robust data are still sparse. We aimed to identify when and how patients get lost to care during transition by tracking care pathways and identifying factors which influence dropping out of care during transition. This is a retrospective observational study of 760 patients who reached the transition age boundary within 12 months before transition time and being treated at CAMHS for at least during preceding 18 months. Data were collected at two time points: last visit to CAHMS and first visit to AHMS. Socio-demographic, clinical and service utilization variables on CAMHS treatment were collected. In the 12 months leading up to the transition boundary, 46.8% of subjects (n = 356) withdrew from CAHMS without further contact with AHMS, 9.3% withdrew from CAHMS but were referred to AHMS by other services, 29% were transferred from CAHMS to AHMS, 10% remained at CAHMS and 5% patients were transferred to alternative services. Fifty-six percent of subjects experience cessation of care before the transition age. The risk of dropout increases with shorter contact time in CAMHS, is greater in subjects without pharmacological treatment, and decreases in subjects with psychosis, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, mental retardation, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This study confirms that a large number of people drop out of care as they approach the CAMHS transition and experience discontinuity of care during this critical period.
Incidence and risk factors of hypertension therapy in Australian cancer patients treated with vascular signalling pathway inhibitors
Authors: Hong Soojung , Daniels Benjamin , van Leeuwen Marina T. , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Vajdic Claire M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical trials report systemic hypertension is an adverse effect of vascular signalling pathway inhibitor (VSPi) use. There are limited data from routine clinical practice. We aimed to estimate the real-world incidence and risk factors of new-onset and aggravated hypertension for cancer patients dispensed VSPi in whole-of-population Australian setting.

Methods
We used dispensing records for a 10% random sample of Australians to identify treatment with subsidised VSPi from 2013 to 2018. We further identified dispensings of oral antihypertensive medicines 6 months before and 12 months after VSPi therapy. We defined (i) new-onset hypertension in people first dispensed antihypertensives after VSPi and (ii) aggravated hypertension in people with prior antihypertensive use dispensed an additional, or higher strength, antihypertensive after VSPi. We applied the Fine-Gray cumulative incidence function and Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results
1802 patients were dispensed at least one VSPi. The mean age of the cohort was 65 years and 57% were male. The incidence of new-onset treated hypertension was 24.3% (95%CI: 21.2–27.8); age ≥ 60 years (HR 1.74; 95%CI: 1.32–2.31) and treatment with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors compared to bevacizumab (HR 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16–3.31) were risk factors. The incidence of aggravated hypertension was 25.2% (95%CI: 22.0–28.7) and risk was elevated for patients with renal cancer (HR 2.84; 95%CI: 1.49–5.41) and cancers other than colorectal (HR 1.85; 95%CI: 1.12–3.03).

Conclusions
Our real-world estimates of incident hypertension appear comparable to those observed in clinical trials (21.6–23.6%). Our population-based study provides some insight into the burden of hypertension in patients commencing VSPi in routine practice.
Lernentwicklungsgespräche und die Entwicklung motivationaler Aspekte des Lernens
Authors: Ertl Sonja , Kücherer Benjamin , Hartinger Andreas 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungLernentwicklungsgespräche (LEG) sind eine Form der Leistungsbeurteilung und -rückmeldung, in der Elemente Formativen Assessments umgesetzt werden können. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die Qualität von LEG (operationalisiert über die Einschätzung der Schüler*innen) mit der Entwicklung motivationaler Aspekte des Lernens (Anstrengungsbereitschaft und schulisches Selbstkonzept) zusammenhängt. Dazu wurden in einem Prä-Post-Design 392 Kinder der Jahrgangsstufe 2 befragt. Es zeigte sich, dass aus Sicht der Kinder die LEG überwiegend positiv eingeschätzt werden – allerdings mit deutlichen Unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass es Zusammenhänge von LEG mit motivationalen Aspekten des Lernens gibt – in Abhängigkeit von der Umsetzung aus der Sicht der Kinder. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und weitere Forschungsdesiderata aufgezeigt.
Mechanical analysis of 20/316L bimetal composite pipe formed by spinning
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Li Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBimetal composite pipe are widely used in petrochemical industry and other industries due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this paper, the minimum radial rotary pressure (Pimin) and maximum radial rotary pressure (Pimax) were obtained by theoretical mechanical calculation, so as to optimize the design of the spinning device. The residual contact pressure was acquired to evaluate the forming quality of the composite pipe. It was found that when the spinning parameters (δ = 0.16 mm, ψ = 0.4 mm, β = 3.0° and f = 0.5), the maximum residual contact pressure was obtained, and the simulated and experimental values were 9.19 MPa and 9.01 MPa, respectively. They were close to the theoretical value (9.67 MPa), and the error of these values was about 9%, which proved the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
Scedosporium apiospermum infections in the middle ear and mastoid: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Lim J W J , McLean T , Hill F C E 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo present our case series and management of Scedosporium apiospermum infections of the middle ear and mastoid, and review the current literature on this rare yet potentially life-threatening condition.MethodsMedical records of patients treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital for S apiospermum middle ear and mastoid infections between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library databases.ResultsTwo patients were identified in our institution: a 62-year-old diabetic woman with otogenic skull base osteomyelitis, and a 12-year-old boy with unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media which developed after tympanostomy tube insertion. The persistence of otalgia and otorrhoea despite prolonged antibiotic treatment characterised these cases. Both patients received voriconazole, and achieved disease resolution without complications. Ten relevant cases were identified after review of the literature. Despite treatment, there were three patient deaths, and four patients with otological or neurological complications.ConclusionThe presence of a middle ear or mastoid infection refractory to appropriate topical and systemic antibiotics should prompt clinicians to consider a fungal infection. The role of surgical debridement in the treatment of S apiospermum infection of the middle ear and mastoid is equivocal.
Animal Research that Respects Animal Rights: Extending Requirements for Research with Humans to Animals
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to show that animal rights are not necessarily at odds with the use of animals for research. If animals hold basic moral rights similar to those of humans, then we should consequently extend the ethical requirements guiding research with humans to research with animals. The article spells out how this can be done in practice by applying the seven requirements for ethical research with humans proposed by Ezekiel Emanuel, David Wendler, and Christine Grady to animal research. These requirements are (1) social value, (2) scientific validity, (3) independent review, (4) fair subject selection, (5) favorable risk–benefit ratio, (6) informed consent, and (7) respect for research subjects. In practice, this means that we must reform the practice of animal research to make it more similar to research with humans, rather than completely abolish the former. Indeed, if we ban animal research altogether, then we would also deprive animals of its potential benefits—which would be ethically problematic.
Structure and mechanism of the RNA dependent RNase Cas13a from Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Kick Leonhard M. , von Wrisberg Marie-Kristin , Runtsch Leander S. , Schneider Sabine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCas13a are single-molecule effectors of the Class II, Type VI family of CRISPR-Cas systems that are part of the bacterial and archaeal defense systems. These RNA-guided and RNA-activated RNA endonucleases are characterized by their ability to cleave target RNAs complementary to the crRNA-spacer sequence, as well as bystander RNAs in a sequence-unspecific manner. Due to cleavage of cellular transcripts they induce dormancy in the host cell and thus protect the bacterial population by aborting the infectious cycle of RNA-phages. Here we report the structural and functional characterization of a Cas13a enzyme from the photo-auxotrophic purple bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus. The X-ray crystal structure of the RcCas13a-crRNA complex reveals its distinct crRNA recognition mode as well as the enzyme in its contracted, pre-activation conformation. Using site-directed mutagenesis in combination with mass spectrometry, we identified key residues responsible for pre-crRNA processing by RcCas13a in its distinct catalytic site, and elucidated the acid-base mediated cleavage reaction mechanism. In addition, RcCas13a cleaves target-RNA as well as bystander-RNAs in Escherichia coli which requires its catalytic active HEPN (higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide binding) domain nuclease activity. Our data provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms and function of this intriguing family of RNA-dependent RNA endonucleases that are already employed as efficient tools for RNA detection and regulation of gene expression.
Interventional Techniques to Support Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Long Simon , Fernando Dayantha , Boyd Christina , Katrivesis James , Park Harold 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn patients requiring nutritional support, enteral nutrition has been shown to have many benefits, including improved long-term outcomes, when compared to parenteral alternatives. Given our baseline comfort with medical imaging and knowledge of anatomy, Interventional Radiologists can support a patient's caloric needs and circumvent more invasive surgical methods for placing feeding tubes.
Simulation of the dynamics of vibrationally mediated photodissociation for deuterated pyrrole
Authors: Makhov Dmitry V , Adeyemi Sian , Cowperthwaite Mary , Shalashilin Dmitrii V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of photodissociation for vibrationally pre-excited deuterated pyrrole molecules is simulated using ab initio multiple cloning (AIMC) approach. Total kinetic energy release (TKER) spectra and dissociation times are calculated. The results for pyrrole and deuterated pyrrole molecules with and without vibrational pre-excitation are compared. Calculations show that, as expected, the kinetic energy of additional dissociation fragments is lower in deuterated pyrrole and mostly located in the upper-middle part of the TKER spectrum. However, despite lower energy of dissociative bond vibrations, pre-excitation of deuterated pyrrole leads to higher dissociation yield increase than in pyrrole and significantly shortens dissociation time.