bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and correlates of spatially aggregated alcohol‐involved crashes among Whites and Hispanics in California
Authors: Caetano Raul , Vaeth Patrice A. C. , Gruenewald Paul J. , Ponicki William R. , Kaplan Zoe B. , Annechino Rachelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThis paper examines trends and correlates of alcohol‐involved motor vehicle crashes (AMVCs) in California between 2005 and 2016 among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Whites (Whites hereafter). Together these two groups comprise 76% of the state population. The paper also examines whether alcohol outlet density, percentage of Hispanics in census tract populations, and distance to the U.S./Mexico border are related to greater risks for AMVCs. The border is of interest given the greater availability of alcohol in the area.MethodsCrash data come from Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System maintained by the California Highway Patrol. Sociodemographic and community characteristics data from the U.S. Census and alcohol outlet density were aggregated to census tracts. Total motor vehicle crashes and AMVCs were related to these characteristics using hierarchical Bayesian Poisson space–time models.ResultsThere were over two million injury and fatality crashes during the period of analysis, of which 11% were AMVCs. About 1.7% of these crashes had fatalities. The rate of AMVCs increased among both Whites and Hispanics until 2008. After 2008, the rate among Whites declined through 2016 while the rate among Hispanics declined for 2 years (2009 and 2010) and increased thereafter. Crash distance from the border (RR = 1.016, 95% CI = 1.010 to 1.022) and percent Hispanic population (RR = 1.006; 95% CI = 1.003 to 1.009) were well‐supported results with 95% credible intervals that did not include 1. The percentages of the following: bars/pubs, males, individuals aged 18 to 29 and 40 to 49 years, U.S. born population, individuals below the 150% poverty level, unemployed, housing vacant, and housing owner‐occupied were all positively associated with AMVCs and well supported.ConclusionsBetween 2005 and 2016 the rate of AMVCs in California declined among Whites but not among Hispanics. Population‐level indicators of percent Hispanic population, distance to the U.S. Mexico border, gender, age distribution, and socioeconomic stability were positively associated with crash rates, indicating that important contextual characteristics help determine the level of AMVC rates in communities.
Coping drinking motives, neural functional coupling during emotion processing, and alcohol use in young adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Tretyak Valeria , Kirsch Dylan E. , Le Vanessa , Fromme Kim , Strakowski Stephen M. , Lippard Elizabeth T. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRates of alcohol use disorders in individuals with bipolar disorder are 3 to 5 times greater than in the general population and exceed rates of alcohol use disorders reported in other affective and anxiety disorders. Despite this high rate of comorbidity, our understanding of the psychosocial and neural mechanisms that underlie the initiation of alcohol misuse in young adults with bipolar disorder remains limited. Prior work suggests that individuals with bipolar disorder may misuse alcohol as a coping mechanism, yet the neural correlates of coping drinking motives and associated alcohol use have not been previously investigated in this population.MethodsForty‐eight young adults (22 bipolar disorder type I, 26 typically developing; 71% women; average age ± standard deviation = 22 ± 2 years) completed the Drinking Motives and Daily Drinking Questionnaires, and a Continuous Performance Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Task with Emotional and Neutral Distracters. We calculated the relative difference in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional coupling with the anterior insula and amygdala in response to emotional distracters compared with neutral stimuli and investigated the relations with coping drinking motives and alcohol use.ResultsAcross all participants, coping drinking motives were associated with greater quantity of recent alcohol use. In individuals with bipolar disorder, greater ACC‐anterior insula functional coupling was associated with greater coping drinking motives, and greater quantity and frequency of recent alcohol use. The relative difference in ACC‐anterior insula functional coupling was not associated with coping drinking motives or alcohol use in the typically developing group. Greater ACC‐anterior insula functional coupling in individuals with bipolar disorder was also associated with greater anxiety symptoms and recent perceived psychological stress. Exploratory analyses suggest that the relations between ACC‐anterior insula functional coupling and coping drinking motives may be confounded by anticonvulsant use.ConclusionResults suggest that a difference in ACC‐anterior insula functional coupling during emotion processing may underlie alcohol use as a maladaptive coping mechanism in young adults with bipolar disorder.
Comparison of mechanical resistance and standardisation between original brand and replica‐like endodontic systems
Authors: Uslu Orkun , Haznedaroglu Faruk , Keskin Cangül 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study compared the original (ProTaper Next and Reciproc) endodontic systems with their replica‐like brands (X File and Only One File) in terms of standardisation, design, phase‐transformation behaviour, composition and mechanical behaviour. X File showed greater taper values than ProTaper Next, while Only One File had the greatest tip diameter. Both replica‐like files had an active tip and greater dimensions than their reports. There were also significant differences between the original and replica‐like systems in terms of their phase‐transformation behaviour and the precision of the measurement lines. Only One File showed significantly lower cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance than Reciproc (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance and composition of NiTi between X File and ProTaper Next (p > 0.05). Although replica systems show mechanical properties that can be acceptable, they are not consistent in terms of standardisation and design.
Golden cats: A never‐ending story!
Authors: Abitbol Marie , Dargar Tanushri , Gache Vincent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the British feline breed a golden coat modification, called light‐gold, akita or copper, was reported by breeders during the 2010s. This modification restricted eumelanin to the tip of the tail and hairs showed a wideband modification. Pedigree analyses revealed an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. A single candidate region was identified using a genome‐wide association study. Within that region, we identified CORIN (Corin, serine peptidase) as the strongest candidate gene, since two CORIN variants have previously been identified in Siberian cats with a golden phenotype. A homozygous CORIN:c.2425C>T nonsense variant was identified in copper British cats. Segregation of the variant was consistent with recessive inheritance. This nonsense CORIN:c.2425C>T variant, located in CORIN exon 19, was predicted to produce a truncated CORIN protein – CORIN:p.(Arg809Ter) – that would lack part of the scavenger receptor domain and the trypsine‐like serine protease catalytic domain. All 30 copper cats were T/T homozygous for the variant, which was also found in 20 C/T heterozygous British control cats but was absent in 340 cats from the 99 Lives dataset. Finally, genotyping of 218 cats from 12 breeds failed to identify carriers in cats from other breeds. We propose that this third CORIN:c.2425C>T variant represents the wbBSH (British recessive wideband) allele in the domestic cat.
Higher rates but similar causes of young out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in rural Australian patients
Authors: Paratz Elizabeth D. , van Heusden Alexander , Smith Karen , Ball Jocasta , Zentner Dominica , Morgan Natalie , Thompson Tina , James Paul , Connell Vanessa , Pflaumer Andreas , Semsarian Christopher , Ingles Jodie , Parsons Sarah , Stub Dion , La Gerche Andre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether young rural Australians have higher rates or different underlying causes of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).DesignA case–control design identified patients experiencing an OHCA, then compared annual OHCA rates and underlying causes in rural versus metropolitan Victoria. OHCA causes were defined as either cardiac or non‐cardiac, with specific aetiologies including coronary disease, cardiomyopathy, unascertained cause of arrest, drug toxicity, respiratory event, neurological event and other cardiac and non‐cardiac. For OHCAs with confirmed cardiac aetiology, cardiovascular risk profiles were compared.SettingA state‐wide prospective OHCA registry (combining ambulance, hospital and forensic data) in the state of Victoria, Australia (population 6.5 million).ParticipantsVictorians aged 1–50 years old experienced an OHCA between April 2019 and April 2020.Main outcome measuresRates and underlying causes of OHCA in young rural and metropolitan Victorians.ResultsRates of young OHCA were higher in rural areas (OHCA 22.5 per 100 000 rural residents vs. 13.4 per 100 000 metropolitan residents, standardised incidence ratio 168 (95% CI 101–235); confirmed cardiac cause of arrest 12.1 per 100 000 rural residents versus 7.5 per 100 000 metropolitan residents, standardised incidence ratio 161 (95% CI 71–251). The underlying causation of the OHCA and cardiovascular risk factor burden did not differ between rural and metropolitan areas.ConclusionHigher rates of OHCA occur in young rural patients, with standardised incidence ratio of 168 compared to young metropolitan residents. Rural status did not influence causes of cardiac arrest or known cardiovascular risk factor burden in young patients experiencing OHCA.
Evaluating an external quality assurance program for semen analysis in China during 2009–2020
Authors: Wang Qi‐Ling , Jiang Su‐Hua , Ma Chun‐Jie , Zhong Kai‐Xin , Zhuang Jia‐Ming , Lin Dian‐Liang , Huang Peng‐Yu , Ye Gui‐Fang , Jiang Min , Zhu Wen‐Bing , Zhang Zheng‐Mian , Zhang Xin‐Zong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionSemen analysis (SA) plays a key role in guiding treatments of male reproductive diseases and infertility due to male factors; however, it remains challenging to conduct an accurate SA due to lack of standardization, highly subjective assessments, and problems with automated procedures. Therefore, quality assurance (QA) and teaching courses are essential for making the laboratory results more consistent.Materials and methodsThe external quality assurance (EQA) scheme was organized by national human sperm bank technology training bases in Guangdong province in China between 2009 and 2020. Until 2020, 124 laboratories from China participated in the EQA program. The EQA scheme per year has been organized involving two semen aliquots for sperm concentration, two video recordings for motility, and two smears for sperm morphology. All samples used in the EQA scheme were obtained from different healthy donors or patients.ResultsWe estimated that the median coefficient of variation (CV) of sperm concentration, ignoring the method used, was 26.6%. Using a 100 µm deep counting chamber led to a decreasing CV of 13.6%. For sperm motility, the median CV of nonprogressive motility was high (50.8%), but the CV of progressive motility (13.2%), immotile sperm (14.3%), and total motility (11.8%) were acceptable. The morphology assessment revealed large variability (44.4%) irrespective of the classification criteria.DiscussionThe reduction of interlaboratory variability is still a challenge during SA in China. Therefore, it is critical to increase awareness of joining EQA schemes and establish standardized training centers to follow WHO‐recommended procedures toward Chinese standards.
Changes in perceived parental self‐efficacy after a Child‐Centred Health Dialogue about preventing obesity
Authors: Derwig Mariette , Tiberg Irén , Björk Jonas , Kristensson Hallström Inger 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis randomised controlled trial evaluated changes in parental self‐efficacy and children's weight, after a Child‐Centred Health Dialogue about preventing obesity.MethodsWe randomly assigned 37 Child Health Centres in Skåne county Sweden to provide usual care or the dialogue intervention. They included centres from high and low socioeconomic areas. The outcomes were changes in parental self‐efficacy and any moderating effect on their children's body mass index 1 year later.ResultsThe baseline data were based on 1115 mothers and 869 fathers representing 1197 children (52% females) aged 4 years (3.9–4.2) with a standardised body mass index (zBMI) of 0.1 ± 0.9. The participation rates at follow‐up, 1.1 ± 0.2 years after the intervention were 817 mothers and 508 fathers. Overall, parental self‐efficacy had decreased by the 1‐year follow‐up. There was a significant intervention effect on maternal self‐efficacy in promoting physical activity, however with unclear clinical relevance. Mothers' change in perceived self‐efficacy in promoting a healthy diet seemed to moderate the intervention effect on zBMI change in children with zBMI > 0 with −0.01 (95% CI: −0.025 to −0.001; p = 0.03).ConclusionOur study suggested a possible link between increased maternal self‐efficacy in promoting a healthy diet and a favourable development of zBMI.
Posttreatment Confounding in Causal Mediation Studies: A Cutting-Edge Problem and a Novel Solution via Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Hong Guanglei , Yang Fan , Qin Xu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn causal mediation studies that decompose an average treatment effect into indirect and direct effects, examples of posttreatment confounding are abundant. In the presence of treatment-by-mediator interactions, past research has generally considered it infeasible to adjust for a posttreatment confounder of the mediator–outcome relationship due to incomplete information: for any given individual, a posttreatment confounder is observed under the actual treatment condition while missing under the counterfactual treatment condition. This paper proposes a new sensitivity analysis strategy for handling posttreatment confounding and incorporates it into weighting-based causal mediation analysis. The key is to obtain the conditional distribution of the posttreatment confounder under the counterfactual treatment as a function of not only pretreatment covariates but also its counterpart under the actual treatment. The sensitivity analysis then generates a bound for the natural indirect effect and that for the natural direct effect over a plausible range of the conditional correlation between the posttreatment confounder under the actual and that under the counterfactual conditions. Implemented through either imputation or integration, the strategy is suitable for binary as well as continuous measures of posttreatment confounders. Simulation results demonstrate major strengths and potential limitations of this new solution. A reanalysis of the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (NEWWS) Riverside data reveals that the initial analytic results are sensitive to omitted posttreatment confounding.
Differences in the diagnosis and treatment decisions for children in care compared to their peers: An experimental study on post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: McGuire Rosie , Halligan Sarah L. , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Durbin Lucy , Hiller Rachel M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesDespite evidence of high rates of diagnosable mental health difficulties in children in care, there remains ongoing debate around the appropriateness of traditional diagnoses and treatments. The aim of this study was to quantitatively explore whether mental health diagnosis and treatment decision‐making differed when a young person was identified as being in care, specifically focused on post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a trauma‐specific mental health disorder with rates substantially higher in children in care versus their peers.MethodsParticipants were 270 UK mental health professionals who completed an online survey. Participants were randomized to receive one of two vignettes, which were identical in their description of a teenage boy experiencing PTSD symptoms, except in one he was in foster care and in the other he lived with his mother. Participants were asked to select a primary diagnosis, treatment approach, and potential secondary diagnosis.ResultsProfessionals were twice as likely to choose a primary diagnosis of PTSD and a National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE)‐recommended PTSD treatment when randomized to the mother vignette versus the foster carer vignette. Selecting PTSD as the primary diagnosis made clinicians three times more likely to select a NICE‐recommended treatment for PTSD. Developmental trauma was the most common ‘diagnosis’ for both groups, although this led to different treatment decisions.ConclusionsIn the context of PTSD, we found children in care face diagnosis and treatment decision‐making biases. Practice implications are discussed.
Identifying countries at risk of fiscal crises: High‐debt developed countries
Authors: Daniel Betty C. , Shiamptanis Christos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrises in European countries in 2010 and beyond demonstrated that fiscal crises and sovereign default are not confined to emerging and developing countries. Advanced economies can sustain much larger debt‐to‐GDP ratios than emerging economies. But how much larger? Experience is heterogeneous both across countries and across time. What determines this heterogeneity? We show that a low growth‐adjusted interest rate, a large maximum value for the primary surplus and a strong surplus responsiveness to debt can support higher debt‐to‐GDP ratios without fiscal crisis. We use our estimates to assess fiscal crisis risk for nine high‐debt developed countries following the financial crisis in 2008. Our results imply that Ireland and Portugal lost access to financial markets because of the rise in growth‐adjusted interest rate, whereas Greece would have lost access regardless of the interest rate. Additionally, our results warn of potential future crises for Greece, Italy and Japan even if these countries remain in a low interest rate environment.
Unraveling the role of Epac1‐SOCS3 signaling in the development of neonatal‐CRD‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats
Authors: Huang Si‐Ting , Chen Bin‐Bin , Song Zhi‐Jing , Tang Hui‐Li , Hua Rong , Zhang Yong‐Mei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsVisceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is widespread, but effective therapies for it remain elusive. As a canonical anti‐inflammatory protein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) reportedly relays exchange protein 1 directly activated by cAMP (Epac1) signaling and inhibits the intracellular response to inflammatory cytokines. Despite the inhibitory effect of SOCS3 on the pro‐inflammatory response and neuroinflammation in PVN, the systematic investigation of Epac1‐SOCS3 signaling involved in visceral hypersensitivity remains unknown. This study aimed to explore Epac1‐SOCS3 signaling in the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) neurons and visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats experiencing neonatal colorectal distension (CRD).MethodsRats were subjected to neonatal CRD to simulate visceral hypersensitivity to investigate the effect of Epac1‐SOCS3 signaling on PVN CRF neurons. The expression and activity of Epac1 and SOCS3 in nociceptive hypersensitivity were determined by western blot, RT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, electrophysiology, and pharmacology.ResultsIn neonatal‐CRD‐induced visceral hypersensitivity model, Epac1 and SOCS3 expressions were downregulated and IL‐6 levels elevated in PVN. However, infusion of Epac agonist 8‐pCPT in PVN reduced CRF neuronal firing rates, and overexpression of SOCS3 in PVN by AAV‐SOCS3 inhibited the activation of PVN neurons, reduced visceral hypersensitivity, and precluded pain precipitation. Intervention with IL‐6 neutralizing antibody also alleviated the visceral hypersensitivity. In naïve rats, Epac antagonist ESI‐09 in PVN increased CRF neuronal firing. Consistently, genetic knockdown of Epac1 or SOCS3 in PVN potentiated the firing rate of CRF neurons, functionality of HPA axis, and sensitivity of visceral nociception. Moreover, pharmacological intervention with exogenous IL‐6 into PVN simulated the visceral hypersensitivity.ConclusionsInactivation of Epac1‐SOCS3 pathway contributed to the neuroinflammation accompanied by the sensitization of CRF neurons in PVN, precipitating visceral hypersensitivity and pain in rats experiencing neonatal CRD.
Spectrophotometry and colorimetry profiling of pure phenol red and cell culture medium on pH variation
Authors: Raffay Razemy , Husin Norfaiqah , Omar Ahmad Fairuz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of phenol red has been widely applied in cell culture media to enable monitoring of the pH value of cell growth. However, sometimes it is difficult for a human observer to identify the colour transformation using only the naked eye. Furthermore, different people will give different interpretations of colour transformation. Thus the current study was performed to provide the spectrophotometry and colorimetry profiling of pure phenol red and cell culture media to pH variation. Pure phenol red and cell culture media were used as samples. The pH values of both types of sample were manipulated using citric acid. Spectrophotometry analysis results show that the pH value of the pure phenol red samples could be well profiled by using the wavelengths in the green light region (in the range of 500‐600 nm). The pH value of the cell culture medium samples could also be well profiled, by using wavelengths in either the green or blue light region. Colorimetry analysis results conducted using CIELab colour space indicate that the colour transformation of both samples is linear, with a high value for the coefficient of determination. This profiling proves that phenol red can be used to quantify the pH values of the samples and shows good potential to be applied in the development of spectroscopy‐based and colorimetry‐based pH sensors.
Effect of metformin on arginine and dimethylarginines in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Top Wiebe M. C. , Lehert Philippe , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Kooy Adriaan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo study the effect of metformin on plasma levels of arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), indicators of the nitric oxide pathway.Materials and MethodsIn this post hoc analysis of the HOME trial, we analysed plasma levels of arginine, ADMA and SDMA during the 4.3‐year follow‐up (comparing the effects of metformin versus placebo on top of insulin therapy). Statistical analysis was performed with a mixed model approach, in which simultaneously constant treatment effects were estimated, as well as time‐dependent treatment effects.ResultsWe found that metformin compared with placebo did not affect ADMA or SDMA plasma levels but rapidly decreased arginine plasma levels and hence the arginine to ADMA ratio. The constant treatment effect on ADMA was 0.99 (95% CI 0.97, 1.00) relative to placebo and the time‐dependent treatment effect was 1.00 (95% CI 1.00, 1.01). By contrast, the constant treatment effect on arginine was 0.86 (95% CI 0.84, 0.88), with only a minimal time‐dependent change of 1.01 (95% CI 1.00, 1.01).ConclusionsThe potential benefits of metformin on endothelial function cannot be explained by a decrease in ADMA or by improved global arginine availability. The clinical significance of the decreased arginine plasma levels is not clear and can be harmful or beneficial, depending on the mechanism involved. However, a potential effect of metformin on the nitric oxide pathway is not restricted to the studied metabolites.