bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomic study of heart failure and candesartan response from the CHARM programme
Authors: Dubé Marie‐Pierre , Chazara Olympe , Lemaçon Audrey , Asselin Géraldine , Provost Sylvie , Barhdadi Amina , Lemieux Perreault Louis‐Philippe , Mongrain Ian , Wang Quanli , Carss Keren , Paul Dirk S. , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Rouleau Jean , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. , Yusuf Salim , Granger Chris B. , Haefliger Carolina , de Denus Simon , Tardif Jean‐Claude 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme consisted of three parallel, randomized, double‐blind clinical trials comparing candesartan with placebo in patients with heart failure (HF) categorized according to left ventricular ejection fraction and tolerability to an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor. We conducted a pharmacogenomic study of the CHARM trials with the objective of identifying genetic predictors of HF progression and of the efficacy and safety of treatment with candesartan.MethodsWe performed genome‐wide association studies in 2727 patients of European ancestry from CHARM‐Overall and stratified by CHARM study according to preserved and reduced ejection fraction and according to assignment to the interventional treatment with candesartan. We tested genetic association with the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure for drug efficacy in candesartan‐treated patients and for HF progression using patients from both candesartan and placebo arms. The safety endpoints for response to candesartan were hyperkalaemia, renal dysfunction, hypotension, and change in systolic blood pressure between baseline and 6 weeks of treatment. To support our observations, we conducted a genome‐wide gene‐level collapsing analysis from whole‐exome sequencing data with the composite cardiovascular endpoint.ResultsWe found that the A allele (14% allele frequency) of the genetic variant rs66886237 at 8p21.3 near the gene GFRA2 was associated with the composite cardiovascular endpoint in 1029 HF patients with preserved ejection fraction from the CHARM‐Preserved study (hazard ratio: 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.55–2.35; P = 1.7 × 10−9). The association was independent of candesartan treatment, and the genetic variant was not associated with the cardiovascular endpoint in patients with reduced ejection fraction. None of the genome‐wide association studies for candesartan safety or efficacy conducted in patients treated with candesartan passed the significance threshold. We found no significant association from the gene‐level collapsing analysis.ConclusionsWe have identified a candidate genetic variant potentially predictive of the progression of heart failure in patients with preserved ejection fraction. The findings require further replication, and we cannot exclude the possibility that the results may be chance findings.
Clinical characterization and natural history of chemotherapy‐induced dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lalario Andrea , Del Mestre Eva , Lo Casto Michele , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Manca Paolo , Bromage Daniel I. , Barbati Giulia , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco , Cannatà Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsChemotherapy‐induced dilated cardiomyopathy (CI‐DCM) is a well‐recognized phenotype of non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by poor outcomes. However, a detailed comparison between idiopathic DCM (iDCM) and CI‐DCM is still lacking.Methods and resultsAll consecutive DCM patients enrolled in the Trieste Muscle Heart Disease Registry were analysed. CI‐DCM and iDCM were defined according to current recommendations. The primary study outcome measure was all‐mortality death and secondary outcomes were a) a composite of cardiovascular death/heart‐transplantation/ventricular‐assist‐device implantation, and b) major ventricular arrhythmias. The study included 551 patients (499 iDCM and 52 CI‐DCM). At enrolment, compared with iDCM, CI‐DCM patients were older (51 ± 14 years vs. 58 ± 3 years, respectively, P < 0.001) and had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (32% ± 9 vs. 35% ± 10, respectively, P = 0.03). Over a median follow‐up of 90 months (IQR 54–140 months), CI‐DCM patients had a higher incidence of all‐cause mortality compared with iDCM (36.5% vs. 8.4% in CI‐DCM and iDCM respectively, P < 0.001), while the incidence of major ventricular arrhythmias was higher in the iDCM group compared with CI‐DCM (4% vs. 0%, in CI‐DCM and iDCM respectively, P = 0.03). The risk of the composite outcome was comparable between the two groups (P = 0.91). At Cox multivariable analysis, the diagnosis of CI‐DCM emerged as independently associated to primary outcome (HR 6.42, 95% C.I. 2.52–16.31, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a well‐selected DCM cohort, patients with a chemotherapy‐induced aetiology had a higher incidence of all‐cause mortality compared with iDCM. Conversely, the incidence of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmic events was higher among patients with iDCM.
Organometallic Chemistry of the Difluorodithiophosphate Anion
Authors: Gaydon Quentin , Bohle David Scott 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn improved synthetic route of [NnPr4][S2PF2] was devised, and its structure was determined. This unusual dithiophosphate is a good ligand for low valent metal centers and examples of this being hydrolytically stable ruthenium complexes RuH(CO)(S2PF2)(PPh3)2, RuCl(CO)(S2PF2)(PPh3)2 and Ru(S2PF2)2(PPh3)2. Taken together these results give an insight into the bonding of the S2PF2 anion to low oxidation state complexes. A comparison of the structural features and reactivity of the complexes with other known Ru(II) complexes is presented. Ru(S2PF2)2(PPh3)2 was successfully carbonylated to give a complex with monohapto and dihapto S2PF2 ligands, Ru(CO)(η1‐S2PF2)(η2‐S2PF2)(PPh3)2 confirming the lability of the fluorothiophosphate anion. Isomers of this latter complex have been structurally characterized with cis and trans PPh3.
The Nature of the Atypical Kinetic Effects Observed for the Thermally Induced Spin Transition in Ferrous Nitroprussides with Short Organic Pillars
Authors: Avila Yosuan , Scanda Karla , Díaz‐Paneque Luis A. , Cruz‐Santiago Lorenzo A. , González Marlene , Reguera Edilso 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn pillared 2D ferrous nitroprussides, Fe(L)x[Fe(CN)5NO] where x=1, 2, and L is an appropriate organic molecule, the axial CN and NO groups are dangling ligands found in the interlayer region. These ligands subtract electron density from the iron atom in the nitroprusside building block via π‐back bonding interaction. That electron density appears accumulated at their CN5σ and NOπ* orbitals, and for the case of short pilar molecules, such electron density is responsible for the appearance of a repulsive force between adjacent layers. In the series of ferrous nitroprussides with short pillar molecules herein considered (L=pyrazine, pyridine, and 4‐methylpyridine), that repulsive electrostatic interaction opposes the unit cell volume contraction during the spin transition (HS→LS) on the sample cooling and it favors the cell expansion that accompanies the inverse spin transition (LS→HS) when the sample is warmed. This results in an atypical kinetic behavior for the thermally induced spin transition in these materials. The lower the scan rate, the greater the shift of the HS→LS transition towards low temperatures. The features of this effect are herein discussed. For a large pillar molecule, e. g. 4,4'‐azopyridine, or in the absence of that electrostatic interaction, for instance, in Fe(Pyz)[Pt(CN)4] where Pyz=pyrazine, such an atypical effect is not observed. The results discussed in this contribution illustrate how relevant could be the structural factors on the spin crossover (SCO) in coordination polymers. This study includes an evaluation of the effects of repeated cycles of cooling and warming on the recorded magnetic data, considering that the spin transitions involve nucleation and growth processes of the solid crystallites and structural changes within the solid framework.
Metal‐Organic‐Frameworks and Their Derived Materials in Photo‐Thermal Catalysis
Authors: Khan Il Son , Garzon‐Tovar Luis , Mateo Diego , Gascon Jorge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe direct utilization of light to drive chemical reactions has been considered a promising approach to decarbonizing the chemical industry and storing solar energy in the form of chemical bonds. In this regard, photo‐thermal catalysis has emerged as a bright strategy due to the combination of thermal and non‐thermal contributions of sunlight. This enables the whole exploitation of the solar spectrum providing localized heating and thus an enhancement in the productivity rates. In this scenario, MOFs and MOFs‐derived materials offer great opportunities for the rational design of new photo‐thermal catalysts. In this review, we describe the different types of photo‐thermal systems, with a particular consideration on the mechanisms. Further, we describe the recent advances of MOF and MOF‐derived materials as photo‐thermal catalysts for different catalytic reactions, including organic transformations, pollutant degradation or CO2 hydrogenations. Lastly, we present our opinion on the future challenges and perspectives in the field.
Using transition matrices to assess the spatio‐temporal land cover and ecotone changes in fluvial landscapes from historical planimetric data
Authors: Chardon Valentin , Herrault Pierre‐Alexis , Staentzel Cybill , Skupinski Grzegorz , Finance Olivier , Wantzen Karl‐Matthias , Schmitt Laurent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChange detection approaches based on historical maps are frequently used in fluvial geomorphology to reconstruct long‐term river trajectories and evaluate the level of functional degradation. On this basis, achievable rehabilitation goals may also be addressed. However, most of these studies explore the changes of land cover over time only through changes in the landscape composition, which is nevertheless not sufficient to assess accurately the river responses to natural and/or man‐made disturbances. In this study, we present that transition matrices and new metrics derived from this approach can be used to evaluate the land cover and ecotone area changes at multispatial scales on a 6 km long reach of the Upper Rhine. This study was based on the historical maps of 1828, 1838 and 1872 and using Open Street Map (OSM) for 2021. Our approach was targeting to assess (i) the composition and configuration of a fluvial landscape over time from pixel to landscape scale, (ii) the accurate location of land cover changes, their nature and their intensities, and (iii) the location, nature and diversity of the ecotone areas and their spatial complexities over time. The results showed that (i) the absence of changes in landscape composition over time cannot be interpreted as stability in the fluvial landscape in all cases, (ii) transition matrices are robust tools to face interpretation biases caused by conventional approaches based on landscape composition, because they allow us to trace the changes of each element of the transformed landscape elements. From this study, we indicate that the Rhine regulation induced a habitat and ecotone homogenization following the river correction works, which was exacerbated by the Rhine by‐passing, mainly due to the degradation of lateral connectivity between the main channel and the floodplain and global loss of the hydrosystem functionality.
A review of transgenerational and multigenerational toxicology in the in vivo model animal Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhao Yunli , Chen Jingya , Wang Rui , Pu Xiaoxiao , Wang Dayong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA large number of pollutants existing in the environment can last for a long time, and their potential toxic effects can transfer from parents to their offspring. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the toxicity of environmental pollutants across multigenerations and the underlying mechanisms in organisms. Due to its short life cycle and sensitivity to environmental exposures, Caenorhabditis elegans is an important animal model for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants across multigenerations. In this review, we introduced the transgenerational and multigenerational toxicity caused by various environmental pollutants in C. elegans. Moreover, we discussed the underlying mechanisms for the observed transgenerational and multigenerational toxicity of environmental contaminants in C. elegans.
Antiviral efficacy of selective estrogen receptor modulators against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in vitro and in vivo reveals bazedoxifene acetate as an entry inhibitor
Authors: Miao Gen , Peng Haoran , Tang Hailin , Liu Yangang , Zheng Xu , Liu Bin , Jiang Liangliang , Tang Wanda , He Yanhua , Liu Yan , Ren Hao , Zhao Ping , Qi Zhongtian , Ding Cuiling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the seventh member of the coronavirus family that can infect humans. Recently, more contagious and pathogenic variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been continuously emerging. Clinical candidates with high efficacy and ready availability are still in urgent need. To identify potent anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 repurposing drugs, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of 18 selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Six SERMs exhibited excellent anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 effects in Vero E6 cells and three human cell lines. Clomifene citrate, tamoxifen, toremifene citrate, and bazedoxifene acetate reduced the weight loss of hamsters challenged with SARS‐CoV‐2, and reduced hamster pulmonary viral load and interleukin‐6 expression when assayed at 4 days postinfection. In particular, bazedoxifene acetate was identified to act on the penetration stage of the postattachment step via altering cholesterol distribution and endosome acidification. And, bazedoxifene acetate inhibited pseudoviruses infection of original SARS‐CoV‐2, Delta variant, Omicron variant, and SARS‐CoV. These results offer critical information supporting bazedoxifene acetate as a promising agent against coronaviruses.
Serpentine‐Inspired Strain Sensor with Predictable Cracks for Remote Bio‐Mechanical Signal Monitoring
Authors: Hu Jie , Ren Penggang , Zhu Guanjun , Yang Junjun , Li Yanhao , Zong Ze , Sun Zhenfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlexible strain sensors have attracted intense interest due to their application as intelligent wearable electronic devices. However, it is still a huge challenge to achieve a flexible sensor with simultaneous high sensitivity, excellent durability, and a wide sensing region. In this work, a crack‐based strain sensor with a paired‐serpentine conductive network is fabricated onto flexible film by screen printing. The innovative conductive network exhibits a controlled crack morphology during stretching, which endows the prepared sensor with outstanding sensing characteristics, including high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2391.5), wide detection (rang up to 132%), low strain detection limit, a fast response time (about 40 ms), as well as excellent durability (more than 2000 stretching/releasing cycles). Benefiting from these excellent performances, full‐range human body motions including subtle physiological signals and large motions are accurately detected by the prepared sensor. Furthermore, wearable electronic equipment integrated with a wireless transmitter and the prepared strain sensor shows great potential for remote motion monitoring and intelligent mobile diagnosis for humans. This work provides an effective strategy for the fabrication of novel strain sensors with highly comprehensive performance.
Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia with a novel genetic variant in a large family from Iran
Authors: Yassaee Vahid Reza , Khojasteh Arash , Hashemi‐Gorji Farzad , Sadeghi Hossein , Safiaghdam Hannaneh , Mirfakhraie Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is an ultrarare autosomal dominant bone dysplasia characterized by cementoosseous lesions of the jawbones, bone fragility, frequent bone fractures at the young age, bowing of tubular bones, and diaphyseal sclerosis of long bones associated with generalized osteopenia. GDD is caused by point mutations in anoctamin‐5 (ANO5) on chromosome 11p14.3. For the past few years, next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has facilitated the discovery of causative variants in genetically heterogeneous diseases.MethodsIn this study, exome sequencing (ES) was performed using the DNA sample of the proband. Family histories and clinical information were collected through comprehensive medical examination and genetic counseling.ResultsES results identified a heterozygous variant, NM_213599.3:c.1078T>C(p.Cys360Arg) in the ANO5 gene. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the detected pathogenic variant in DNA samples of the entire family (except deceased individuals), which segregated with the disease within the family. Finally, in silico analysis was applied to test the pathogenicity of the variant using various online software.ConclusionIn summary, our investigation identified a novel pathogenic variant in the ANO5, responsible for gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia in a large Iranian family. Therefore, based on the present study, this variant can be helpful for diagnosis and effective management of GDD patients.
Accelerating and improving radiochromic film calibration by utilizing the dose ratio in photon and proton beams
Authors: Resch Andreas F. , Padilla Cabal Fatima , Regodic Milovan , Lechner Wolfgang , Heilemann Gerd , Kuess Peter , Georg Dietmar , Palmans Hugo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeRadiochromic films are versatile 2D dosimeters with high‐resolution and near tissue equivalence. To assure high precision and accuracy, a time‐consuming calibration process is required. To improve the time efficiency, a novel calibration method utilizing the ratio of the same dose profile measured at different monitor units (MUs) is introduced and tested in a proton and photon beam.MethodsThe calibration procedure employs the dose ratio of film measurements of the same relative profile for different absolute dose values. Hence, the ratio of the dose is constant at any point of the profile, but the ratio of the net optical densities is not constant. The key idea of the method is to optimize the calibration function until the ratio of the calculated doses is constant. The proposed method was tested in the dose range between 0.25–12 and 1–6 Gy in a proton and photon beam, respectively. A radial symmetric profile and a rectangular profile were created, both having a central plateau region of about 3 cm diameter and a dose falloff of about 1.5 cm at larger distances. The dose falloff region was used as input for the optimization method and the central plateau region served as dose reference points. Only the plateau region of the highest dose entered the optimization as an additional objective. The measured data were randomly split into differently sized training and test sets. The optimization was repeated 1000 times with random start value initialization using the same start values for the standard and the gradient method. Finally, a proton plan with four dose levels was created, which were separated spatially, to test the possibility of a full calibration within a single measurement.ResultsParameter estimation was possible with as low as one dose ratio used for optimization in both the photon and the proton case, yet exhibiting a high sensitivity on the dose level. The root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of the dose was less than 1% when the dose ratio was in the order of 20, whereas the median RMSD of all optimizations was 1.7%. Using four dose levels for optimization resulted in a median RMSD of 1% when randomly selecting the dose levels. Having at least one dose ratio of about 20 included in the optimization considerably improved the RMSD of the calibration function. Using six or eight dose levels reduced the sensitivity on the dose level selection and the median RMSD was 0.8%. A full calibration was possible in a single measurement having four dose levels in one plan but spatially separated.ConclusionsThe number of measurements required to obtain an EBT3 film calibration function could be reduced using the proposed dose ratio method while maintaining the same accuracy as with the standard method.
The role of local governments in South Korea's COVID‐19 response
Authors: Kim Yunji , Jeong Yeong Ah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch on COVID‐19 responses has largely focused on national governments. Meanwhile, the crisis management literature has noted that such “transboundary crises” require collaborative responses. What role can local governments play? How do citizen perceptions matter? We look for answers in South Korea that has been considered a model case for managing COVID‐19. We use data from policy briefs, news reports, and local government websites to show that local governments successfully implemented national initiatives while modifying them to fit local needs and also actively planned and executed local initiatives to address needs that the central government did not address. Based on 2020 national survey data (N = 16,258), we find that COVID‐19 cases and deaths are linked to citizen perceptions of vulnerability to COVID‐19 and its effect on wellbeing, but not to evaluations of other residents' responses (e.g. following mask mandates, social distancing) or local government responses.
Quantitative analyzing the effect of h‐BN on the thermal conductivity of HDPE‐BN composite through multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Ghobadi Maryam , Rahimzadeh Lotfabad Faraz , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba , Ebrahimi Ramin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe main focus of this investigation is to quantitatively analyze the opposing effect of filler on the desired properties of fabricated composite specimens. First, the high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) powders with proportions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% of boron nitride (BN) are mixed by the ball mill processes and further hot molded to fabricate HDPE‐BN composites. The density and thermal conductivity of fabricated composites are then measured, and the variation of these properties with the added volume percent of BN is determined. The notions of multi‐objective optimization are employed to obtain the optimum BN content to maximize thermal conductivity while minimizing density. The relative importance of these properties is calculated by applying the entropy method to the variation of thermal conductivity and density with the BN content. It is observed that the positive effect of BN on the thermal conductivity has potentially the same importance as its negative effect on the density. In a more general consideration, various hypothetical fillers with a wide range of thermal conductivities and densities are studied by the same procedure. It is obtained that density has a more determinative rule in the efficiency of a particular filler in circumstances where both thermal conductivity and density have practical importance. While the results of this investigation are presented in terms of thermal conductivity and density, the procedure used here can be applied to any set of properties with practical significance.