bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential prolonged effect at one-year follow-up after 18-month randomized controlled trial of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen Chin-Ying , Huang Wei-Sheng , Ho Ming-Hua , Chang Chin-Hao , Lee Long-Teng , Chen Heng-Shuen , Kang Yow-Der , Chie Wei-Chu , Jan Chyi-Feng , Wang Wei-Dean , Tsai Jaw-Shiun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the effect at a one-year follow-up after an 18-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 90 gm/day low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods
Eighty-five poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients with an initial HbA1c ≥ 7.5% who have completed an 18-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) were recruited and followed for one year. A three-day weighted food record, relevant laboratory tests, and medication effect score (MES) were obtained at the end of the previous trial and one year after for a total of 30 months period on specific diet.

Results
71 (83.5%) patients completed the study, 35 were in TDD group and 36 were in LCD group. Although the mean of percentage changes in daily carbohydrate intake was significantly lower for those in TDD group than those in LCD group (30.51 ± 11.06% vs. 55.16 ± 21.79%, p = 0.0455) in the period between 18 months and 30 months, patients in LCD group consumed significantly less amount of daily carbohydrate than patients in TDD group (131.8 ± 53.9 g vs. 195.1 ± 50.2 g, p < 0.001). The serum HbA1C, two-hour serum glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MES were also significantly lower for the LCD group patients than those in the TDD group (p = 0.017, p < 0.001, p = 0.017, and p = 0.008 respectively). The mean of percentage changes of HbA1C, fasting serum glucose, 2 h serum glucose, as well as serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, ALT, creatinine, and urine microalbumin, however, were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The one-year follow-up for patients on 90 g/d LCD showed potential prolonged and better outcome on glycaemic control, liver function and MES than those on TDD for poorly controlled diabetic patients.
Cerebrospinal fluid catecholamines in Alzheimer’s disease patients with and without biological disease
Authors: Henjum Kristi , Watne Leiv Otto , Godang Kristin , Halaas Nathalie Bodd , Eldholm Rannveig Saksholm , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Saltvedt Ingvild , Bollerslev Jens , Knapskog Anne Brita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNoradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons are involved in cognitive functions, relate to behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia and are affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid plaques (A), neurofibrillary tangles (T) and neurodegeneration (N) hallmarks the AD neuropathology. Today, the AT(N) pathophysiology can be assessed through biomarkers. Previous studies report cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) catecholamine concentrations in AD patients without biomarker refinement. We explored if CSF catecholamines relate to AD clinical presentation or neuropathology as reflected by CSF biomarkers. CSF catecholamines were analyzed in AD patients at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 54) or dementia stage (n = 240) and in cognitively unimpaired (n = 113). CSF biomarkers determined AT status and indicated synaptic damage (neurogranin). The AD patients (n = 294) had higher CSF noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations, but lower dopamine concentrations compared to the cognitively unimpaired (n = 113). AD patients in the MCI and dementia stage of the disease had similar CSF catecholamine concentrations. In the CSF neurogranin positively associated with noradrenaline and adrenaline but not with dopamine. Adjusted regression analyses including AT status, CSF neurogranin, age, gender, and APOEε4 status verified the findings. In restricted analyses comparing A+T+ patients to A−T− cognitively unimpaired, the findings for CSF adrenaline remained significant (p < 0.001) but not for CSF noradrenaline (p = 0.07) and CSF dopamine (p = 0.33). There were no differences between A+T+ and A−T− cognitively unimpaired. Thus, we find alterations in CSF catecholamines in symptomatic AD and the CSF adrenergic transmitters to increase simultaneously with synaptic damage as indexed by CSF neurogranin.
Chlamydia trachomatis inhibits apoptosis in infected cells by targeting the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak
Authors: Waguia Kontchou Collins , Gentle Ian E. , Weber Arnim , Schoeniger Axel , Edlich Frank , Häcker Georg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractApoptosis acts in defense against microbial infection, and many infectious agents have developed strategies to inhibit host cell apoptosis. The human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr) is an obligate intracellular bacterium that strongly inhibits mitochondrial apoptosis of its human host cell but there is no agreement how the bacteria achieve this. We here provide a molecular analysis of chlamydial apoptosis-inhibition in infected human cells and demonstrate that the block of apoptosis occurs during the activation of the effectors of mitochondrial apoptosis, Bak and Bax. We use small-molecule Bcl-2-family inhibitors and gene targeting to show that previous models cannot explain the anti-apoptotic effect of chlamydial infection. Although the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family protein Mcl-1 was strongly upregulated upon infection, Mcl-1-deficient cells and cells where Mcl-1 was pharmacologically inactivated were still protected. Ctr-infection could inhibit both Bax- and Bak-induced apoptosis. Apoptotic Bax-oligomerization and association with the outer mitochondrial membrane was reduced upon chlamydial infection. Infection further inhibited apoptosis induced conformational changes of Bak, as evidenced by changes to protease sensitivity, oligomerization and release from the mitochondrial porin VDAC2. Mitochondria isolated from Ctr-infected cells were protected against the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family proteins Bim and tBid but this protection was lost upon protease digestion. However, the protective effect of Ctr-infection was reduced in cells lacking the Bax/Bak-regulator VDAC2. We further found that OmpA, a porin of the outer membrane of Ctr, associated upon experimental expression with mitochondria and inhibited apoptosis, phenocopying the effect of the infection. These results identify a novel way of apoptosis inhibition, involving only the most downstream modulator of mitochondrial apoptosis and suggest that Chlamydia has a protein dedicated to the inhibition of apoptosis to secure its survival in human cells.
Suppression of histone deacetylase 1 by JSL-1 attenuates the progression and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma via the TPX2/Snail axis
Authors: Xu Lu , Yang Weizhong , Che Jinhui , Li Deqiang , Wang Haihong , Li Yunjiu , Zhou Wuyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are entwined with the pathogenesis of various cancers and potentially serve as promising therapeutic targets. Herein, we intend to explore the potential role of HDAC1 inhibitor (JSL-1) in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and to highlight the molecular basis of its function. As shown by bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical detection, high HDAC1 expression was witnessed in CC tissues relative to matched controls from patients with cholecystitis. The molecular network that HDAC1 silencing reduced the enrichment of HDAC1 and Snail on the TPX2 promoter was identified using immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Both short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 and JSL-1 treatment exhibited anti-proliferative, anti-migration and anti-invasion effects on CC cells through downregulation of TPX2. The in vivo xenograft model was developed in nude mice. Consistently, the anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic properties of shRNA against HDAC1 and HDAC1 inhibitor were validated in the in vivo settings. Taken together, our data supported the notion that HDAC1 inhibitor retards the initiation and development of CC via mediating the TPX2/Snail axis, highlighting the anti-tumor molecular network functioned in CC.
Grey matter correlates of affective and somatic symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Authors: Dubol Manon , Wikström Johan , Lanzenberger Rupert , Epperson C. Neill , Sundström-Poromaa Inger , Comasco Erika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOvarian hormones fluctuations across the menstrual cycle are experienced by about 58% of women in their fertile age. Maladaptive brain sensitivity to these changes likely leads to the severe psychological, cognitive, and physical symptoms repeatedly experienced by women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of these symptoms are unknown. The relationship between grey matter structure and PMDD symptom severity was delineated using structural magnetic resonance imaging during the late luteal phase of fifty-one women diagnosed with PMDD, combined with Voxel- and Surface-Based Morphometry, as well as subcortical volumetric analyses. A negative correlation was found between depression-related symptoms and grey matter volume of the bilateral amygdala. Moreover, the severity of affective and somatic PMDD symptoms correlated with cortical thickness, gyrification, sulcal depth, and complexity metrics, particularly in the prefrontal, cingulate, and parahippocampal gyri. The present findings provide the first evidence of grey matter morphological characteristics associated with PMDD symptomatology in brain regions expressing ovarian hormone receptors and of relevance to cognitive-affective functions, thus potentially having important implications for understanding how structural brain characteristics relate to PMDD symptomatology.
A digital media literacy intervention for older adults improves resilience to fake news
Authors: Moore Ryan C. , Hancock Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOlder adults are especially susceptible to fake news online, possibly because they are less digitally literate compared to younger individuals. Interventions for older adults have emerged to improve digital literacy, although there has been little evaluation of their effectiveness in improving older adults’ resilience to fake news. We report the results of a digital literacy intervention for older adults administered during the 2020 U.S. election. The intervention was a 1-hour, self-directed series of interactive modules designed to teach concepts and skills for identifying misinformation online. Consistent with our pre-registered hypothesis, older adults (Mage = 67) in the treatment condition (N = 143) significantly improved their likelihood of accurately discerning fake from true news from 64% pre-intervention to 85% post-intervention. In contrast, older adults in the control condition (N = 238) did not significantly improve (from 55% to 57%). The treated older adults were also more likely to employ strategies for identifying misinformation online compared to pre-intervention and the control group.
Phenanthrene-enriched extract from Eulophia macrobulbon using subcritical dimethyl ether for phosphodiesterase-5A1 inhibition
Authors: Srivilai Jukkarin , Boonnoun Panatpong , Saesong Tongchai , Pingyod Chitaporn , Chaichamnong Nattiya , Engsuwan Jinutda , Temkitthawon Prapapan , Scholfield C. Norman , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Khorana Nantaka , Ingkaninan Kornkanok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEulophia macrobulbon (E.C.Parish & Rchb.f.) Hook.f. contains a natural PDE5A1 inhibitor, phenanthrene, 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-4,8- dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol (HDP), a potential agent for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study was to improve the extraction efficiency of HDP from E. macrobulbon by using a more environmentally friendly extraction method, subcritical liquid dimethyl ether extraction (sDME), instead of classical solvent extraction (CSE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The efficiency and quality of the extracts obtained were evaluated using the following criteria: %process yield; solvent amount; extraction time; temperature; %HDP content by LC–MS, bioactivity as inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1) by radio-enzymatic assay; and chemical profiles by LC-QTOF-MS. sDME provided the highest content of HDP in the extract at 4.47%, much higher than the use of ethanol (0.4–0.5%), ethyl acetate (1.2–1.7%), or dichloromethane (0.7–1.4%). The process yield for sDME (1.5–2.7%) was similar to or lower than the other solvents (0.9–17%), but as long as the process yield is not prohibitively low, the concentration is a more important measure for clinical use. The optimal conditions for sDME extraction were: Extraction time, 40 min; 200% water as co-solvent; sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:8; temperature, 35 °C. Phenanthrene aglycone and glycoside derivatives were the major constituents of the sDME extracts and lesser amounts of phenolic compounds and sugars. The inhibition of PDE5A1 by sDME (IC50 0.67 ± 0.22 µg/ml) was tenfold more potent than ethanolic extract and other extraction methods, suggesting a high probability of clinical efficacy. Thus, sDME was a more efficient, faster, solvent-saving and environmentally friendly extraction method and more selective for phenanthrene when extracted from E. macrobulbon.
The tumor volume after radical prostatectomy and its clinical impact on the prognosis of patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Yuk Hyeong Dong , Byun Seok-Soo , Hong Sung Kyu , Lee Hakmin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the contribution of tumor volume (TV) to localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients’ prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 2394 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized PCa. The effect of TV and tumor prostate ratio (TV/PV) on PCa patients' prognosis was analyzed through Kaplan–Meier and Cox-proportional analysis. The mean prostate volume for all patients was 36.5 ± 15.4 cc, and the mean TV was 5.9 ± 8.3 cc. A significant positive relationship was observed between the classification by risk group in D’ Amico risk classification and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk group (P < 0.001). The high TV showed significantly worse pathologic outcomes than the low TV in terms of high rates of extra-capsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and positive surgical margin (P < 0.05). The patients with high TV and TV/PV had significantly shorter biochemical recurrence-free survivals than those with low TV and TV/PV (P < 0.001). Finally, based on multivariate Cox-proportional analyses, TV and TV/PV was an independent predictor to predict shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival as both a TV (HR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.04–1.05, P < 0.001) and TV/PV (HR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.13–1.78, P = 0.003). TV was revealed to be an independent prognostic factor in the postoperative biochemical recurrence. Patients with a high number of positive core and longer tumor length were significantly related to higher TV.
Evidence of a liquid–liquid phase transition in H$$_2$$O and D$$_2$$O from path-integral molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Eltareb Ali , Lopez Gustavo E. , Giovambattista Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe perform path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD), ring-polymer MD (RPMD), and classical MD simulations of H$$_2$$

2

O and D$$_2$$

2

O using the q-TIP4P/F water model over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The density $$\rho (T)$$

ρ
(
T
)

, isothermal compressibility $$\kappa _T(T)$$

κ
T

(
T
)

, and self-diffusion coefficients D(T) of H$$_2$$

2

O and D$$_2$$

2

O are in excellent agreement with available experimental data; the isobaric heat capacity $$C_P(T)$$

C
P

(
T
)

obtained from PIMD and MD simulations agree qualitatively well with the experiments. Some of these thermodynamic properties exhibit anomalous maxima upon isobaric cooling, consistent with recent experiments and with the possibility that H$$_2$$

2

O and D$$_2$$

2

O exhibit a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) at low temperatures and positive pressures. The data from PIMD/MD for H$$_2$$

2

O and D$$_2$$

2

O can be fitted remarkably well using the Two-State-Equation-of-State (TSEOS). Using the TSEOS, we estimate that the LLCP for q-TIP4P/F H$$_2$$

2

O, from PIMD simulations, is located at $$P_c = 167 \pm 9$$

P
c

=
167
±
9

MPa, $$T_c = 159 \pm 6$$

T
c

=
159
±
6

K, and $$\rho _c = 1.02 \pm 0.01$$

ρ
c

=
1.02
±
0.01

g/cm$$^3$$

3

. Isotope substitution effects are important; the LLCP location in q-TIP4P/F D$$_2$$

2

O is estimated to be $$P_c = 176 \pm 4$$

P
c

=
176
±
4

MPa, $$T_c = 177 \pm 2$$

T
c

=
177
±
2

K, and $$\rho _c = 1.13 \pm 0.01$$

ρ
c

=
1.13
±
0.01

g/cm$$^3$$

3

. Interestingly, for the water model studied, differences in the LLCP location from PIMD and MD simulations suggest that nuclear quantum effects (i.e., atoms delocalization) play an important role in the thermodynamics of water around the LLCP (from the MD simulations of q-TIP4P/F water, $$P_c = 203 \pm 4$$

P
c

=
203
±
4

MPa, $$T_c = 175 \pm 2$$

T
c

=
175
±
2

K, and $$\rho _c = 1.03 \pm 0.01$$

ρ
c

=
1.03
±
0.01

g/cm$$^3$$

3

). Overall, our results strongly support the LLPT scenario to explain water anomalous behavior, independently of the fundamental differences between classical MD and PIMD techniques. The reported values of $$T_c$$

T
c

for D$$_2$$

2

O and, particularly, H$$_2$$

2

O suggest that improved water models are needed for the study of supercooled water.
Mapping the distribution and tree canopy cover of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Platanus × acerifolia in Johannesburg’s urban forest
Authors: Newete Solomon W. , Abutaleb Khaled , Byrne Marcus J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the distribution and the tree canopy cover (TCC) of the two most prominent street trees (Jacaranda mimosifoliaandPlatanus×acerifolia) in Johannesburg, using the multispectral SPOT 6 satellite data and field survey GPS points. The importance of the spectral bands (Blue, Green, Red and NIR) and the NDVI index in discriminating between the tree species was quantified using five separability indices (Divergence, Bhattacharyya, Transformed Divergence, Jeffries-Matusita and M-statistic). The visual comparison of the Blue band and the NDVI histograms between the two species and other vegetation type showed the lowest feature overlap, suggesting the highest separability between paired classes. This was further supported by the highest Divergence value for the Blue band (3.68) and NDVI index (2.48) followed by the M-statistic (0.8 and 0.73, respectively) indicating good to moderate separability between the two species, respectively. The results were also consistent with the RF classification where the Blue band and NDVI index were the most important variables for the discrimination between the two species with an overall accuracy of 88% (kappa = 8). The TCC ofJ. mimosifoliaandP.×acerifoliaconstituted 38% of the total vegetation cover in the city. These findings not only would help prioritize the increase of targeted vegetation cover in low cover areas, but will also provide a valuable information for assessment and protection of vulnerable species such asP.×acerifoliafrom the threat of the polyphagous shot hole borer,Euwallacea fornicatusin Johannesburg.
A glibenclamide-sensitive TRPM4-mediated component of CA1 excitatory postsynaptic potentials appears in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Fearey Brenna C. , Binkle Lars , Mensching Daniel , Schulze Christian , Lohr Christian , Friese Manuel A. , Oertner Thomas G. , Gee Christine E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel contributes to disease severity in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis and to neuronal cell death in models of excitotoxicity and traumatic brain injury. As TRPM4 is activated by intracellular calcium and conducts monovalent cations, we hypothesized that TRPM4 may contribute to and boost excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Using single-spine calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we found no effect of the TRPM4 antagonists 9-phenanthrol and glibenclamide on synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices from healthy mice. In contrast, glibenclamide but not 9-phenanthrol reduced excitatory synaptic potentials in slices from EAE mice, an effect that was absent in slices from EAE mice lacking TRPM4. We conclude that TRPM4 plays little role in basal hippocampal synaptic transmission, but a glibenclamide-sensitive TRPM4-mediated contribution to excitatory postsynaptic responses is upregulated at the acute phase of EAE.
A methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum modulates secondary metabolism regulator genes in Aspergillus flavus and shuts down aflatoxin production
Authors: Abbas Asmaa , Wright Colin W. , El-Sawi Nagwa , Yli-Mattila Tapani , Malinen Anssi M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a food-borne toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and a few similar fungi. Natural anti-aflatoxigenic compounds are used as alternatives to chemical fungicides to prevent AFB1 accumulation. We found that a methanolic extract of the food additive Zanthoxylum bungeanum shuts down AFB1 production in A. flavus. A methanol sub-fraction (M20) showed the highest total phenolic/flavonoid content and the most potent antioxidant activity. Mass spectrometry analyses identified four flavonoids in M20: quercetin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, and hyperoside. The anti-aflatoxigenic potency of M20 (IC50: 2–4 µg/mL) was significantly higher than its anti-proliferation potency (IC50: 1800–1900 µg/mL). RNA-seq data indicated that M20 triggers significant transcriptional changes in 18 of 56 secondary metabolite pathways in A. flavus, including repression of the AFB1 biosynthesis pathway. Expression of aflR, the specific activator of the AFB1 pathway, was not changed by M20 treatment, suggesting that repression of the pathway is mediated by global regulators. Consistent with this, the Velvet complex, a prominent regulator of secondary metabolism and fungal development, was downregulated. Decreased expression of the conidial development regulators brlA and Medusa, genes that orchestrate redox responses, and GPCR/oxylipin-based signal transduction further suggests a broad cellular response to M20. Z. bungeanum extracts may facilitate the development of safe AFB1 control strategies.