bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kann das jeder? - Welche Rolle spielt die Qualifikation von Schulbegleiter/innen für die Tätigkeiten und die Zusammenarbeit mit Lehrer/innen? Eine explorative Studie
Authors: Czempiel Stefanie , Kracke Bärbel 
Published: April 2022

Schulbegleitung ist ein zunehmend relevantes Tätigkeitsfeld bei der Realisierung inklusiver Bildungsangebote. Kritisch diskutiert wird die Einschlägigkeit der Qualifikation der eingesetzten Personen. Aktuell sind etwa 50% der als Schulbegleiter/innen Beschäftigten pädagogisch, therapeutisch oder medizinisch-pflegerisch qualifiziert. Bislang ist wenig darüber bekannt, welchen Tätigkeiten Schulbegleiter/innen genau nachgehen und wie die Zusammenarbeit mit Lehrkräften eingeschätzt wird. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden deshalb Tätigkeitsprofile und Selbsteinschätzungen zur Qualität der Zusammenarbeit mit Lehrkräften bei Fachkräften und Nicht-Fachkräften vergleichend in den Blick genommen. Es wurden in einer Fragebogenbefragung n = 61 Schulbegleiter/innen befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass wider Erwarten die Fachkräfte mit pädagogischer Qualifikation eher im Bereich der lebenspraktischen Unterstützung als im Bereich der Emotions- und Verhaltensregulation tätig sind. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Lehrkräften wird von Fachkräften und Nicht-Fachkräften gleichermaßen positiv bewertet. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die Bewertung der Zusammenarbeit mit Lehrkräften von spezifischen Tätigkeitsprofilen abhängt.Abstract
School assistants are getting more and more important for realizing inclusive education in Germany. There is a critical discussion about the qualification of the people working as school assistants. Only about 50 % of the people working as school assistants are qualified in a pedagogical, therapeutic or medical care field. It is unclear which tasks they perform and how they assess the cooperation with teachers. In our study we focus on profiles of tasks and self-assessments of the cooperation with teachers which should differ between qualified and nonqualified people. We asked 61 school assistants to answer a questionnaire. The results show non expectedly that qualified people give more support in life practice than in control of emotion and behavior. The cooperation with teachers is reported similarly positive by qualified and non qualified people. There are indications that the evaluation of cooperation with teachers depends on special task profiles.
EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE NA FORMAÇÃO DE GESTORES: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE REFERÊNCIAS TÉCNICAS MUNICIPAIS
Authors: Ferreira Costa Campos Katia , De Lima Bezerra Ana Paula , Gonçalves de Souza Fernanda , De Almeida Vanessa 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo é relatar a experiência proporcionada durante a disciplina Tópicos em Saúde III - Gestão da Educação Permanente em Saúde, como optativa do curso de Gestão de Serviços de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, contando com a participação de discentes e de profissionais dos serviços de saúde. Fundamentação teórica: A importância da Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) para a melhoria do cotidiano do trabalho é evidente, mas a EPS ainda é pouco articulada nas ações, sendo um desafio na área da saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência. Resultados: Constatou-se a satisfação e avaliações positivas por parte dos discentes e profissionais participantes que puderam compreender e consolidar conhecimentos sobre EPS no dia a dia da gestão e das práticas assistenciais. Conclusão: Espera-se que este trabalho estimule reflexões sobre a importância de se associar teoria e prática no âmbito da EPS, possibilitando o aprendizado baseado na realidade da gestão e a melhoria do trabalho em saúde.
DESCRITORES: Educação Permanente; Gestão em Saúde; Saúde.
Low-dose intrauterine contraception is an innovative approach to the prevention of unwanted pregnancy
Authors: Chernukha G. E. , Pronina V. A. 
Published: April 2022

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is recognized as a highly effective and convenient method for preventing unwanted pregnancy. However, in real clinical practice, the level of implementation of LARC remains relatively low, which, presumably, may be related to misconceptions about their contraceptive efficacy and side effects among health professionals and patients. One method of long-acting reversible contraception is the intrauterine device. Hormone-containing intrauterine systems are recognized as one of the most affordable contraceptive methods, characterized by a very low failure rate (less than 1%), which does not depend on the patient’s compliance. A review of the literature focuses on the efficacy and safety of a low-dose levonorgestrelcontaining intrauterine system containing 19.5 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG-IUD 12). We present data on the advantages of this intrauterine system in comparison with its counterparts. Analysis of the literature has shown that adherence to low-dose contraception is observed among women of reproductive age. The smaller diameter of the guide tube is associated with a more successful and less painful insertion of the device into the uterine cavity. This may be an obvious advantage for young, nulliparous women. In addition, the LNG-IUD has a predominantly local progestogenic effect on the endometrium, so there is a relatively low development of systemic effects. Despite its lower levonorgestrel content, the LNG IUD 12 (Kyleena LNG 19.5 mg, levonorge strel-releasing intrauterine system with an average LNG release of 12 µg/24 h in vivo over the first year of use) has a high level of contraceptive efficacy. Thus, LNG-IUD 12 is associated with a favorable efficacy and safety profile regardless of a woman’s age or parity, which has been confirmed by the results of clinical trials.
Economic feasibility analysis of variable-speed pumps by simulating 15 multiple water distribution systems
Authors: Truettner Conrad B. , Barkdoll Brian D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The UN Sustainability Goals address measures to reduce environmental pollution. Water distribution systems (WDSs) use electric energy, which pollutes the atmosphere through, at least partly, the burning of coal. This study simulates, through modeling, variable-speed pumps (VSPs) on 15 different real WDSs on the network solver EPANET and analyzes the payback period. An algorithm is introduced here to select the optimal pump speed pattern to save the most energy while satisfying the constrain of sufficient pressure at all times and all locations. It was found that five of the 15 systems operated unsuccessfully using a VSP, due to the VSP operating at lower speeds causing a lower pressure than normal, thereby causing the pressure to become negative. Additionally, a new chart that compares the payback period, project life, and energy costs between the base case and the VSP case was developed and different regions on the chart reflect different decision criteria.
GSK-3β and its Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease: A Recent Update
Authors: Sharma Swapnil , Chauhan Neha , Paliwal Swati , Jain Smita , Verma Kanika , Paliwal Sarvesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an emerging major health and socioeconomic burden worldwide.
It is characterized by neuronal loss, memory loss and cognitive impairment in the aging population.
Despite several scientific advancements over the past five decades, the underlying molecular
mechanism of the disease progression is yet unknown. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has
huge implications on the brain function, causing molecular pathologies, neuronal damage and impairment
of brain performance in AD. It is one of the key players in signaling pathways for normal
brain functioning and a critical molecular link between amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau neurofibrillary tangles
(NFTs). GSK-3β activation is driven by phosphorylation of tau(τ) protein which results in disruption
of neuronal synaptic activities and the formation of neuronal plaques. Although the accumulation
of Aβ plaques and intracellular tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein has been well established
as neuropathological hallmarks of the disease, the molecular mechanism has not been unraveled. This
review focuses on the role of GSK-3β in the molecular mechanisms participating in the manifestation
and progression of AD. The review also suggests that GSK-3β inhibitors can be used as potential therapeutic
targets for amelioration of AD.
The Dose and Duration-dependent Association between Melatonin Treatment
and Overall Cognition in Alzheimer’s Dementia: A Network Meta-
Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Shiue Yow-Ling , Tseng Ping-Tao , Zeng Bing-Yan , Chen Yen-Wen , Yang Chun-Pai , Su Kuan-Pin , Chen Tien-Yu , Wu Yi-Cheng , Tu Yu-Kang , Lin Pao-Yen , Carvalho Andre F. , Stubbs Brendon , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Li Dian-Jeng , Liang Chih-Sung , Hsu Chih-Wei , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Cheng Yu-Shian , Yeh Pin-Yang 
Published: April 2022

Background:
While Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) has a prevalence as high as 3-32% and is associated
with cognitive dysfunction and the risk of institutionalization, no efficacious and acceptable treatments can modify
the course of cognitive decline in AD. Potential benefits of exogenous melatonin for cognition have been divergent
across trials.

Objective:
The current network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted under the frequentist model to evaluate the
potential beneficial effects of exogenous melatonin supplementation on overall cognitive function in participants
with AD in comparison to other FDA-approved medications (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine,
and Namzaric).

Methods:
The primary outcome was the changes in the cognitive function [measured by mini-mental state examination
(MMSE)] after treatment in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. The secondary outcomes were changes
in the quality of life, behavioral disturbance, and acceptability (i.e., drop-out due to any reason and rate of any
adverse event reported).

Results:
The current NMA of 50 randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) revealed the medium-term lowdose
melatonin to be associated with the highest post-treatment MMSE (mean difference = 1.48 in MMSE score,
95% confidence intervals [95% CIs] = 0.51 to 2.46) and quality of life (standardized mean difference = -0.64,
95% CIs = -1.13 to -0.15) among all of the investigated medications in the participants with AD. Finally, all of
the investigated exogenous melatonin supplements were associated with similar acceptability as was the placebo.
Conclusion: The current NMA provides evidence for the potential benefits of exogenous melatonin supplementation,
especially medium-term low-dose melatonin, in participants with AD.

Conclusions:
The current NMA provides evidence for the potential benefits of exogenous melatonin supplementation,
especially medium-term low-dose melatonin, in participants with AD.

Trial Registration:
The current study complies with the Institutional Review Board of the Tri-Service General
Hospital (TSGHIRB: B-109-29) and had been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020193088).
Vitamin D Focused Approach to Nutritional Therapy for the Management
of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Pawar Deepika , Kumari Anita , Aluko Rotimi E. , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In several studies, Vitamin D supplementation was found useful against
the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 to reduce the mortality rate and severity of its infection. Viral
replication was also found to be affected negatively by vitamin D administration.

Objective:
The literature was reviewed with an aim to evaluate the efficacy of the therapeutic
approach of nutrition involving intervention of Vitamin D towards decreasing the severity of
prevailing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
A background research of literature was performed using the keywords “SARS-CoV-
2”, “Covid-19”, “nutritional therapy”, “Vitamin D”, “immunity”, “AEC2 receptors” and “RAS”
in the Pubmed and Google Scholar.

Results:
This literature was review suggested that if combined with medical sciences, this nutritional
therapy approach can end up as an influential solution to reduce the severity of SARSCoV-
2 infection, which is a prevailing pandemic. A combination of assessment, supplementation
of this required micro-nutrient (Vitamin D), and monitoring can be used to aid the immune system
of Covid-19 patients.

Conclusion:
Nutritional therapy with Vitamin D as a major factor can be used to increase the
immunity of an individual to fight against the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2. However, the actual
mechanism of how Vitamin D supplementation functions to improve the health of an individual
is yet unclear.
Recent Applications of Natural Polymers in the Formulation of Nanogel
Authors: Upadhyay Prashant , Agarwal Shivani , Upadhyay Sukirti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Nanotechnology is a progressing and novel technique in healthcare and smart drug delivery.
There are many benefits and future aspects of nanogel-containing nanoparticles in the advanced diagnosis,
mitigation, and treatment of many important disorders with improved outcomes because of their
particle size, high stability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, large surface area, and high drug charging
capacity. Their small particle size provides the feature basis for drug charging capacity and the
swelling property to form a 3D structure with advantages, limitations, and classification of nanogels.
The motive of the review article is to summarize the natural polymers such as Okra gum, chitosan,
Acacia gum, Pullulan, PLA, and PLGA that are employed to prepare nanogels comprising nanoparticles
by the chemical cross-linking method. There are various applications of these nanogels as nanoparticles
in the many fields of healthcare, including local anesthetics, neurodegenerative, vaccine delivery,
transdermal delivery, ophthalmology, and diabetes. In this present review article, the author has
focused on the current trends of nanogel in nanomedicine, oilfield applications, food packing, cancer
research, cosmeceutical, and biomedical applications.
Tanshinone IIA Alleviates the Biological Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer via
Activating the ROS/JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huo Jiege , Qian Jun , Cao Yi , Zhang Junfeng , Li Lingchang , Wu Juan , Yu Jialin 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) exerts a significant inhibitory effect on various tumor cells since it
induces cell apoptosis and affects the proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells. However,
the mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of Tan IIA has not been totally elucidated.

Objective:
This study aimed to uncover the role of Tan IIA in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its potential mechanism of
action.

Method:
Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Western blot analysis was carried
out to detect the expression of related proteins. Cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, tumor
size and tumor weight of CRC xenograft mice were recorded before and after Tan IIA treatment. The production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by a ROS kit.

Result:
The results revealed that Tan IIA induced autophagy and apoptosis via activating the ROS/JNK signaling
pathway in CRC cells, thus inhibiting the progression of CRC in vivo.

Conclusion:
The aforementioned findings indicated that Tan IIA exerted an antiproliferative effect on CRC by inducing
cell autophagy and apoptosis via activating the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Therefore, Tan IIA may be considered
a potential therapeutic agent for treating CRC.
Epigenetic-related Effects of COVID-19 on Human Cells
Authors: Faramarzi Arezoo , Safaralizadeh Reza , Dastmalchi Narges , Teimourian Shahram 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Epigenetics is related to the various pathways that show long‐term impacts on the gene expression patterns without alterations in nucleotide sequences. Over the last decade, epigenetics advanced significantly in the science of biology, oncology, innate immunity as well as pathogens and infectious diseases. In the present paper, we aimed to review the relationships between COVID-19 and epigenetic alterations of the infected cells. Coronavirus is one of the known infectious diseases that causes respiratory infection, such as pneumonia and coughing, while in animals, it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory disorders. This virus could be transmitted human to human or human to an animal through droplets. It translocates via membrane ACE-2 exopeptidase into the host cells. In conclusion, hypomethylation of angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE II) possibly upregulates its expression, enhancing the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Bedaquiline in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Mini-Review
Authors: Singh Baljinder 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes a contagious pulmonary disease with a high mortality rate in developing countries. However, the recommendation of DOTS (approved by WHO) was effective in treating tuberculosis, but nowadays resistance from the first line (MDR-TB) and the second line (XDR-TB) drugs is highly common. Whereas, the resistance is a result of factors like poor patient constancy due to the long duration of therapy and co-infection with HIV. The approval of bedaquiline under an accelerated program for the treatment of MDR-TB had revealed its effectiveness in clinical trials as a therapeutic novel molecule. BDQ selectively inhibits the ATP synthase of bacterium and reduces ATP production. Additionally, the poor pharmacokinetic properties had raised provocations in the MDR therapy, but the use of targeted drug delivery can solve the hurdles. While the preclinical and clinical studies included in this review are strongly suggesting the usefulness of BDQ in MDR-TB and XDR-TB, the repurposing of different drug classes in resistant TB is opening new opportunities to manage the disease conditions. In this review, we have summarized the examples of pipeline drugs and repurposed molecules with preclinical formulation developments.
Recent Patents on Nasal Vaccines Containing Nanoadjuvants
Authors: Candela Francesco , Quarta Eride , Buttini Francesca , Ancona Adolfo , Bettini Ruggero , Sonvico Fabio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Vaccines are one of the greatest medical achievements of modern medicine. The nasal mucosa
represents an effective route of vaccination for both mucosal immunity and peripheral, being at
the same time an inductive and effector site of immunity. In this paper, the innovative and patented
compositions and manufacturing procedures of nanomaterials have been studied using the peerreviewed
research literature. Nanomaterials have several properties that make them unique as adjuvant
for vaccines. Nanoadjuvants through the influence of antigen availability over time affect the immune
response. Namely, the amount of antigen reaching the immune system or its release over prolonged
periods of time can be effectively increased by nanoadjuvants. Mucosal vaccines are an interesting alternative
for immunization of diseases in which pathogens access the body through these epithelia. Nanometric
adjuvants are not only a viable approach to improve the efficacy of nasal vaccines but in most of the cases
they represent the core of the intellectual property related to the innovative vaccine.
Effectiveness of Using Augmented Reality for Training in the Medical Professions: Meta-analysis
Authors: Baashar Yahia , Alkawsi Gamal , Ahmad Wan Nooraishya Wan , Alhussian Hitham , Alwadain Ayed , Capretz Luiz Fernando , Babiker Areej , Alghail Adnan 
Published: April 2022

Background
Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive technology that uses persuasive digital data and real-world surroundings to expand the user's reality, wherein objects are produced by various computer applications. It constitutes a novel advancement in medical care, education, and training.

Objective
The aim of this work was to assess how effective AR is in training medical students when compared to other educational methods in terms of skills, knowledge, confidence, performance time, and satisfaction.

Methods
We performed a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of AR in medical training that was constructed by using the Cochrane methodology. A web-based literature search was performed by using the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases to find studies that recorded the effect of AR in medical training up to April 2021. The quality of the selected studies was assessed by following the Cochrane criteria for risk of bias evaluations.

Results
In total, 13 studies with a total of 654 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The findings showed that using AR in training can improve participants' performance time (I2=99.9%; P<.001), confidence (I2=97.7%; P=.02), and satisfaction (I2=99.8%; P=.006) more than what occurs under control conditions. Further, AR did not have any effect on the participants’ knowledge (I2=99.4%; P=.90) and skills (I2=97.5%; P=.10). The meta-regression plot shows that there has been an increase in the number of articles discussing AR over the years and that there is no publication bias in the studies used for the meta-analysis.

Conclusions
The findings of this work suggest that AR can effectively improve performance time, satisfaction, and confidence in medical training but is not very effective in areas such as knowledge and skill. Therefore, more AR technologies should be implemented in the field of medical training and education. However, to confirm these findings, more meticulous research with more participants is needed.
Predicting Mental Health Status in Remote and Rural Farming Communities: Computational Analysis of Text-Based Counseling
Authors: Antoniou Mark , Estival Dominique , Lam-Cassettari Christa , Li Weicong , Dwyer Anne , Neto Abìlio de Almeida 
Published: April 2022

Background
Australians living in rural and remote areas are at elevated risk of mental health problems and must overcome barriers to help seeking, such as poor access, stigma, and entrenched stoicism. e-Mental health services circumvent such barriers using technology, and text-based services are particularly well suited to clients concerned with privacy and self-presentation. They allow the client to reflect on the therapy session after it has ended as the chat log is stored on their device. The text also offers researchers an opportunity to analyze language use patterns and explore how these relate to mental health status.

Objective
In this project, we investigated whether computational linguistic techniques can be applied to text-based communications with the goal of identifying a client’s mental health status.

Methods
Client-therapist text messages were analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count tool. We examined whether the resulting word counts related to the participants’ presenting problems or their self-ratings of mental health at the completion of counseling.

Results
The results confirmed that word use patterns could be used to differentiate whether a client had one of the top 3 presenting problems (depression, anxiety, or stress) and, prospectively, to predict their self-rated mental health after counseling had been completed.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that language use patterns are useful for both researchers and clinicians trying to identify individuals at risk of mental health problems, with potential applications in screening and targeted intervention.