bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Large‐Scale Urbanization and Irrigation on Summer Precipitation in the Mid‐Atlantic Region of the United States
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Qian Yun , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe , Sarangi Chandan , Liu Ying , Yang Zhao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how urbanization and irrigation in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains affect summer precipitation in the Mid‐Atlantic region (MAR) using convection‐permitting regional model simulations with/without urbanization or irrigation. A feature tracking algorithm is used to identify precipitation from mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), isolated deep convection (IDC), and non‐convective systems (NC). Overall, urbanization suppresses all three types of precipitation in the MAR by reducing water vapor content and convective available potential energy, while irrigation enhances IDC and NC precipitation but suppresses MCS precipitation. Examination of the MCS and IDC initiation locations indicates that irrigation suppresses MAR precipitation produced by MCSs initiated in the Great Plains and Midwest (GP) but enhances MAR precipitation from MCSs initiated locally within the region. Irrigation induces a mid‐level cyclonic circulation anomaly centering in the Southeast, hindering the eastward propagation and development of MCSs from the GP.
GBP2 facilitates the progression of glioma via regulation of KIF22/EGFR signaling
Authors: Ren Yeqing , Yang Biao , Guo Geng , Zhang Jianping , Sun Yanqi , Liu Dong , Guo Shihao , Wu Yongqiang , Wang Xiaogang , Wang Shule , Zhang Wenju , Guo Xiaolong , Li Xuepeng , Li Ren , He Jianhang , Zhou Zihan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdentifying the mechanism of glioma progression is critical for diagnosis and treatment. Although studies have shown that guanylate-binding protein 2(GBP2) has critical roles in various cancers, its function in glioma is unclear. In this work, we demonstrate that GBP2 has high expression levels in glioma tissues. In glioma cells, depletion of GBP2 impairs proliferation and migration, whereas overexpression of GBP2 enhances proliferation and migration. Regarding the mechanism, we clarify that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is regulated by GBP2, and also demonstrate that GBP2 interacts directly with kinesin family member 22(KIF22) and regulates glioma progression through KIF22/EGFR signaling in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our study provides new insight into glioma progression and paves the way for advances in glioma treatment.
Breast tumor microenvironment structures are associated with genomic features and clinical outcome
Authors: Danenberg Esther , Bardwell Helen , Zanotelli Vito R. T. , Provenzano Elena , Chin Suet-Feung , Rueda Oscar M. , Green Andrew , Rakha Emad , Aparicio Samuel , Ellis Ian O. , Bodenmiller Bernd , Caldas Carlos , Ali H. Raza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe functions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are orchestrated by precise spatial organization of specialized cells, yet little is known about the multicellular structures that form within the TME. Here we systematically mapped TME structures in situ using imaging mass cytometry and multitiered spatial analysis of 693 breast tumors linked to genomic and clinical data. We identified ten recurrent TME structures that varied by vascular content, stromal quiescence versus activation, and leukocyte composition. These TME structures had distinct enrichment patterns among breast cancer subtypes, and some were associated with genomic profiles indicative of immune escape. Regulatory and dysfunctional T cells co-occurred in large ‘suppressed expansion’ structures. These structures were characterized by high cellular diversity, proliferating cells and enrichment forBRCA1andCASP8mutations and predicted poor outcome in estrogen-receptor-positive disease. The multicellular structures revealed here link conserved spatial organization to local TME function and could improve patient stratification.
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase from Trypanosoma brucei cleanses cytosolic pools from deaminated nucleotides
Authors: Vidal Antonio E. , Yagüe-Capilla Miriam , Martínez-Arribas Blanca , García-Caballero Daniel , Ruiz-Pérez Luis M. , González-Pacanowska Dolores 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInosine triphosphate pyrophosphatases (ITPases) are ubiquitous house-cleaning enzymes that specifically recognize deaminated purine nucleotides and catalyze their hydrolytic cleavage. In this work, we have characterized the Trypanosoma brucei ITPase ortholog (TbITPA). Recombinant TbITPA efficiently hydrolyzes (deoxy)ITP and XTP nucleotides into their respective monophosphate form. Immunolocalization analysis performed in bloodstream forms suggests that the primary role of TbITPA is the exclusion of deaminated purines from the cytosolic nucleoside triphosphate pools. Even though ITPA-knockout bloodstream parasites are viable, they are more sensitive to inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase with mycophenolic acid, likely due to an expansion of IMP, the ITP precursor. On the other hand, TbITPA can also hydrolyze the activated form of the antiviral ribavirin although in this case, the absence of ITPase activity in the cell confers protection against this nucleoside analog. This unexpected phenotype is dependant on purine availability and can be explained by the fact that ribavirin monophosphate, the reaction product generated by TbITPA, is a potent inhibitor of trypanosomal IMP dehydrogenase and GMP reductase. In summary, the present study constitutes the first report on a protozoan inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase involved in the removal of harmful deaminated nucleotides from the cytosolic pool.
Effectiveness of an Ultrasound Visual Biofeedback Training for Tongue Shape Assessment During Speech Sound Production
Authors: Campos Ahmed Rivera , Ristau Jyl 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
This proof-of-concept study examined the effectiveness of an ultrasound visual biofeedback (UVB) training within the Participatory Adult Teaching Strategy framework for instructing speech-language pathologists (SLPs) on the assessment of sonographic tongue configuration for remediation of speech sound errors.

Method:
This research followed a multiple-baseline, multiple-probe single-case research methodology replicated across behaviors for data collection and analysis. Two school-based SPLs with no previous knowledge or experience with UVB were recruited.

Results:
Visual analysis of data and effect size calculations using the percentage of nonoverlapping data indicated that training was highly effective in teaching SLPs skills for the assessment of sonographic tongue configuration and how to promote changes in tongue configuration for the remediation of speech sound errors.

Conclusions:
This study addressed the current gap in the literature regarding the lack of empirical evidence of UVB training for SLPs. Our findings support the exploration of evidence-based teaching strategies to train SLPs in the use of UVB for assessment of tongue configuration and remediation of speech sound errors. This can be of interest to academic programs and organizers of training opportunities through continued education units.
Strong no‐hit‐zone frequency sequence set with wide gap
Authors: Shu Qin , Liu Haiyun , Zhu Yapei , Liu Xing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor the communication systems, no‐hit‐zone (NHZ) frequency hopping sequences have good anti‐interference performance. However, the system's time delay may be out of the NHZ. In this situation, the maximum Hamming correlation is needed to be taken into consideration. When the maximum Hamming correlation of an optimal NHZ‐FHS set is minimal, the NHZ‐FHSs will be called strong NHZ‐FHSs. It is also hoped that FHSs have a wide gap property to resist the enemy's intentional interferences. In this letter, a tighter bound for optimal NHZ‐FHSs' maximum Hamming correlation is proposed and an optimal strong NHZ‐FHS set is constructed with widegap.
Acute coronary syndrome risk prediction by ensemble‐MLPs
Authors: Li Wenjian , Bai Lin , Li Yiming , Yi Zhang , Wang Jianyong , Peng Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a serious cardiovascular disease. The ACS risk prediction model is of great significance during the hospitalisation of ACS patients. However, traditional machine learning methods are not effective in predicting risk events in the ACS treatment process because of sample imbalance and noise. In this letter, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and ensemble method are combined and then ensemble‐MLPs are proposed, which has made two innovations: 1) increase the diversity of the base MLP classifier at the data level, structure level, and parameter level and 2) improve the ensemble performance by proposing a new ensemble method using f1‐score weighted average. Experiments have shown that the proposed method outperforms conventional ensemble MLP method and other traditional machine learning methods on the task of predicting risk events in the ACS treatment process.
Divergent Thio/Selenolactonization of Styrene-Type Carboxylic Acids and Amides: Synthesis of Chalcogenated Isobenzofuran-1 (3H)-ones and Isochroman-1-ones
Authors: Goutham Kommuru , Zhang Jingran , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang , Ouyang Yaxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA divergent synthesis of isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one and 3,4-dihydroisochroman-1-one derivatives has been realized through the reaction of o-alkenyl benzoic acids/amides with PhICl2 and diphenyl disulfides/diselenides. Depending on the substitution type of the o-alkenyl benzoic acid or amide, this metal-free intramolecular oxychalcogenation approach regioselectively affords isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ones or 3,4-dihydroisochroman-1-ones through 5-exo-trig or 6-endo-trig cyclization processes, respectively.
Influencing Factors and Differences in Born Aggregometry in Specialized Hemostaseological Centers: Results of a Multicenter Laboratory Comparison
Authors: Kaiser Thorsten , Liebscher Karin , Scholz Ute , Pfrepper Christian , Netto Jeffrey , Drogies Tim , Tiebel Oliver , Knöfler Ralf , Krause Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is regarded as the gold standard in platelet function diagnostics. However, there is a relevant degree of interlaboratory variability in practical applications.
Objective The aim of the present study was to develop a practicable laboratory comparison on LTA and to analyze differences and influencing factors in regard to standardization in five specialized hemostaseological centers.
Methods The study was performed on 30 patients in total. Each center performed LTA on blood samples from six healthy volunteers (three men and three women) using the inductors collagen (Col), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (ARA), and ristocetin. The LTA was performed three times using different methods as follows: (1) International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis recommendations with identical reagents, (2) in-house protocols and the identical reagents; and (3) in-house protocols and in-house reagents.
Results A total of 396 measurements of 30 probands were performed. Even after standardization of the protocol and using identical reagents, there were significant differences between the centers regarding the final and maximum aggregation (p = 0.002 and <0.001) and further significant differences in the maximum and final aggregation according to the wavelength of the device used to measure the LTA (PAP-8: 430 nm, APACT 4004: 740 nm [p < 0.001 each]). Using identical reagents but individual inductor concentrations and laboratory protocols also resulted in different maximum and final aggregation. The largest differences were seen with Col and ristocetin; there were significant influences from the reagents' manufacturers in the results of aggregometry for the inductor Col (p < 0.01) but not for ADP, ARA, and ristocetin.
Conclusion In this study, we proved that there are significant influences from the used aggregometers, inductors concentrations, and manufacturers. These results illustrate the challenges and importance of standardization of LTA.
Pilot Study Investigating Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Troponin, Galectin-3, and miRNA-126a-5p as Biomarkers of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Jano Eni , Vaz Michelle J. , Mally Pradeep N. , Wachtel Elena V. 
Published: April 2022

Objective The objective was to evaluate the utility of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin, galectin-3 (Gal-3), and microRNA (miRNA)-126a-5p as screening biomarkers for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) by comparing expression in serum of infants with hypoxic-ischemic injury that develop PPHN to those that do not.
Study Design This was a prospective, observational pilot study including neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) at two regional perinatal medical centers. PPHN in this population was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by echocardiogram. Serial measurements of biomarkers were performed from 6 to 96 hours post-TH initiation in 40 patients.
Results Of 40 infants in the study, 10 (25%) developed PPHN and 30 (75%) did not. Baseline demographics and hemodynamics were similar between the groups. Patients with PPHN had a significantly higher need for vasopressors compared with patients without PPHN (70 vs. 27%, p = 0.007). Mean serum BNP and troponin levels were significantly higher in the PPHN group peaking at 12 to 24 hours and decreasing following PPHN treatment initiation. miRNA-126a-5p expression was increased in patients with PPHN compared with patients without, with statistical significance detected at 12 hours (p = 0.005) and 96 hours (p = 0.01). Mean circulating Gal-3 levels were not statistically different between the two groups; however, Gal-3 was elevated in all patients with hypoxic-ischemic injury on TH compared with healthy infants from prior studies.
Conclusion BNP and troponin are readily available, low-cost biomarkers that showed significant serial elevations in the PPHN group of the study and, thus, may have value in screening for PPHN in the setting of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Gal-3 was elevated in all patients with HIE and may be a useful biomarker of hypoxic injury in infants being evaluated for TH. Elevations in miRNA-126a-5p were not consistently seen in this study. Larger studies are required to establish an association between PPHN and these biomarkers in patients with and without HIE.
Key Points
High-Density Lipoprotein Particle Subclasses in Statin-Treated Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease Predict Long-Term Survival
Authors: Zierfuss Bernhard , Höbaus Clemens , Herz Carsten T. , Koppensteiner Renate , Stangl Herbert , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow-density lipoprotein-cholesterol reduction showed a strong reduction of cardiovascular (CV) event rates in CV disease. However, the residual risk of future CV events remains high, which especially extends to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers a novel method for analysis of the lipoprotein spectrum. This study investigates lipoprotein subclasses using NMR spectroscopy and assesses implications for long-term survival in PAD. NMR spectroscopy was performed by Nightingale Inc., in 319 patients with stable PAD and well-controlled CV risk factors. Patients were followed-up for 10 years. During that period, 123 patients (38.5%) died, of those 68 (21.3%) were defined as CV deaths. Outcome data were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariable Cox-regression for lipoprotein particles. Small and medium high-density lipoprotein-particles (S-HDL-P and M-HDL-P) showed a significant inverse association with all-cause mortality in Cox-regression analyses after multivariable adjustment (S-HDL-P, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.88; M-HDL-P, HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.90) for each increase of one standard deviation. In contrast, cholesterol-rich X-large HDL-particles (XL-HDL-P) showed a positive association with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.20–1.89). Only the association between XL-HDL-P and CV death sustained multivariable adjustment (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10–2.02), whereas associations for S-HDL-P and M-HDL-P were attenuated (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57–1.01; HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.60–1.06). This study shows a novel association for a beneficial role of S-HDL-P and M-HDL-P but a negative association with higher cholesterol-rich XL-HDL-P for long-term outcome in well-treated patients with PAD. Thus, these results provide evidence that NMR-measured HDL particles identify patients at high CV residual risk beyond adequate lipid-lowering therapy.
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) Extract on Periodontal Pathogens—An in vitro study
Authors: Panjaitan Caesary Cloudya , Widyarman Armelia Sari , Amtha Rahmi , Astoeti Tri Erri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the antibiofilm effectiveness of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) ethanol extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vitro.
Material and Methods Phytochemical tests were done to identify the cinnamon extract active substances. Furthermore, a crystal violet biofilm assay was used to analyze biofilm detachment after treatment with different concentrations (15, 10, 7.5, 5, and 2.5%) of cinnamon. Biofilm turbidity was measured at 595-nm wavelength using a microplate reader. Additionally, MTT assay was done to analyze the toxicity level of cinnamon extract on fibroblast cells.
Statistical Analysis The obtained data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The differences between each group were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance statistical test, with a significance level of p <0.05.
Results The results showed that the ethanol extract of cinnamon contains active compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones, and terpenoids. MTT result showed the cinnamon extract to be nontoxic. The biofilm assay results showed that all cinnamon concentrations exhibited an antibiofilm effect against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans in all incubation time compared with a negative control (p <0.05).
Conclusions Cinnamon extracts were effective in inhibiting biofilm of periodontal pathogens. Cinnamon extract might be useful as an alternative therapy for periodontal diseases. Future studies are still needed to confirm this result in vivo to analyze the efficacy of this extract as mouthwash.
Erosive Effect of Acidic Beverages and Dietary Preservatives on Extracted Human Teeth—An In Vitro Analysis
Authors: Maladkar Shivani Ramesh , Yadav Priyanka , Muniraja Archana Nayaka Akllemallenahalli , Uchil Gayathri S. , George Linet V. , Augustine Dominic , Rao Roopa S. , Patil Shankargouda , Sowmya Samudrala Venkatesiah , Haragannavar Vanishri C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives Frequent consumption of acidic beverages and dietary preservatives in younger generation, diet-conscious (celebrities), and obese individuals have a rapid impact on demineralization of the teeth. An attempt was made to analyze the erosive potential of various acidic beverages.
Materials and Methods One hundred and ninety extracted human permanent teeth were sectioned longitudinally, pre-weighed, randomly grouped, and placed in nine acidic beverages (200 mL) with predetermined pH, i.e., three commercially available fruit juices, three carbonated drinks, and three dietary preservatives.
Statistical Analysis The sectioned specimens (n = 10) were analyzed at time intervals of 12, 24, 48, and 96 days. Mean weight loss was calculated, and surface changes were assessed under a stereomicroscope. The demineralization pattern and microscopic changes were observed under a compound and polarizing microscope. One-way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey's post-hoc analysis was employed.
Results Overall the maximum demineralizing effect was caused by vinegar and apple cider. In the fruit juices category, lemon juice induced significant changes, while in the carbonated drinks category Coca-Cola induced the maximum changes and in the category of food preservatives vinegar induced the maximum changes. Severe discoloration was seen with respect to Coca-Cola followed by Mountain Dew (carbonated drink).
Conclusion The present study is unique as three different types of microscopes have been employed and both dentin and enamel of permanent teeth have been analyzed. In addition, the effect of dietary preservatives on hard tissues was evaluated. Oral health educators can reinforce important practices such as decreasing the frequency of consumption and time duration of beverage contact with the teeth. Also, the use of mouth rinses and buffering agents after the consumption of dietary beverages can be advocated along with regular fluoride application for those who are regular consumers.
Seroprotection of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Dental Students Two Decades after Infant Immunization and the Possible Need for Revaccination
Authors: Lingawi Hanadi S. , Afifi Ibtesam K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) persistence among dental students two decades after infant vaccination and immune response after revaccination or booster dose in nonimmune groups.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using laboratory reports for anti-HBs performed to dental students at the Umm al-Qura University from 2016 to 2020. Reports were classified according to baseline antibody titer into group I (titer <10 mIU/mL), group II (titer 10 to <100 mIU/mL), and group III (titer ≥100 mIU/mL). The basal antibody titer of each group was correlated to student's gender and birth year and compared with postrevaccination or booster dose titer in groups I and II.
Statistical Analysis Data of baseline and postrevaccination anti-HBs antibody titers were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). One-way ANOVA was used to compare between different means for antibody titers of students as well as baseline and postrevaccination antibody levels for nonimmune students with nonprotective antibody titers. Pairwise multiple comparison of the difference between baseline and postrevaccination anti-HBs antibody titers were done by post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Chi-squared test was used for comparing between the frequencies. A p-Value of ≤0.05 was considered significant and p < 0.01 was considered highly significant.
Results A significant percentage (73.6%) of students had antibody titer <10 mIU/mL, while only 4.8% had antibody titer ≥100 mIU/mL with nonsignificant difference between both genders (χ
2 =3.784, p = 0.151). A statistically nonsignificant difference was also found between the three categories of anti-HBs antibody titers among students with different birth dates (χ
2 = 13.817, p = 0.182). After revaccination of nonimmune students, 100% of them showed strongly protective antibody titers with mean of 842.88 to 844.58 mIU/mL. A highly significant difference was observed between the mean baseline and postrevaccination antibody titers in both genders, with a higher mean of post revaccination (p = 0.000).
Conclusion Two decades after infant immunization, a significant percentage of dental students failed to maintain the anti-HBs seroprotective titer. So titer measurement should be made compulsory before they begin their clinical training and revaccination or booster dose should be given to nonimmune students to maintain a high protection level.