bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of laser cooling in microgravity via long-term operations in TianGong-2 space lab
Authors: Lü De-Sheng , Ren Wei , Sun Yuan , Li Tang , Qu Qiu-Zhi , Wang Bin , Li Lin , Zhao Jian-Bo , Zhao Xin , Ji Jing-Wei , Ye Mei-Feng , Xiang Jing-Feng , Chen Wei-Biao , Wang Yu-Zhu , Liu Liang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The invention of laser cooling has fundamentally influenced the research frontier of atomic physics and quantum physics, and recently an intense focus has been on the studies of cold atom physics in microgravity environments. Herein, we report the results of our laser cooling experiment in TianGong-2 space lab, which operated for 34 consecutive months in orbit. Over such an extended operation time, the quality of laser cooling did not experience any significant decline, while the properties of laser cooling in orbital microgravity were systematically studied. In particular, we demonstrate magneto-optical trapping and polarization-gradient cooling in orbit and carefully examine their performances. A comparison of the in-orbit and on-ground results indicates that a higher cooling efficiency exists in microgravity, including a smaller loss rate during the trapping and cooling process and lower ultimate temperature of laser-cooled atoms. Our progress has laid the technical foundations for future applications of cold atoms in space missions with operation times of the order of years.
Acute Hantavirus Infection Presenting With Fever and Altered Mentation in the Absence of Pulmonary or Renal Manifestations
Authors: Fawcett Stephen J , Chen Jeffrey S , Fawcett Richard W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Illness caused by hantaviruses is often severe and is typically characterized by diffuse pulmonary disease or renal insufficiency depending on the type of hantavirus. Here we report 2 cases of hantavirus infection that resulted in severe cognitive impairment but did not have any pulmonary or renal manifestations. These 2 cases may be indicative of previously underreported symptoms of hantavirus infection and might represent examples of hantavirus-related encephalopathy.
Eligibility for and Use of Oral Antimicrobial Therapy Among Veterans With Osteoarticular Infections: A Retrospective Study Across 8 Medical Centers
Authors: Mareau Jacquelyn , Alexander Bruce , Egge Jason , Heintz Brett , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Livorsi Daniel J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated antimicrobial therapy in 145 randomly selected patients with osteoarticular infections across 8 hospitals. One hundred nine (75%) were eligible for oral antimicrobial therapy, but only 18 received it: 5 of 39 (13%) in 2018 versus 13 of 70 (19%) in 2019–2020 (P = .44). Oral antimicrobials may be underutilized for osteoarticular infections in routine practice.
Identity and Purity
Authors: Lo Tien-Chun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, a number of metaphysicians have been working on the issue of the metaphysical grounds of identity facts. In this paper, I will survey a variety of accounts of identity facts through a particular lens. These accounts will be examined in light of the so-called ‘purity’ principle, a principle intriguing many discussions on metaphysical grounding in recent literature. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, I will indicate what sorts of accounts of identity facts the purity principle rules out and what sorts of accounts it allows. Secondly, I will pinpoint some patterns of how the purity principle may interact with first-order metaphysical inquiries in general.
Notes on pseudo entropy amplification
Authors: Ishiyama Yutaka , Kojima Riku , Matsui Sho , Tamaoka Kotaro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study pseudo entropy for a particular linear combination of entangled states in qubit systems, two-dimensional free conformal field theories (CFTs), and two-dimensional holographic CFT. We observe phenomena whereby the pseudo entropy can be parametrically large compared with the logarithm of the dimension of the Hilbert space. We call these phenomena pseudo entropy amplification; it is analogous to the amplification of the weak value. In particular, our result suggests the holographic CFT does not lead to amplification as long as the non-perturbative effects are negligible. We also give a heuristic argument for when such (non-)amplification can occur.
Sensitivity of the large muon detector with the Tibet air-shower array to measure the primary proton spectrum between 40 and 630 TeV
Authors: Kurashige D , Hotta N , Katayose Y , Kawata K , Ohnishi M , Saito T , Sako T K , Shibata M , Takita M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Tibet ASγ group has been continuously observing cosmic rays and cosmic gamma rays above several TeV using the muon detector array (MD) and high-density Tibet air-shower array (Tibet-III) installed on the Tibet plateau at an altitude of 4300 m. The MD is a water Cherenkov pool array with a large effective area of 3400 m2 and has an excellent capability of primary selection using the number of muons in the shower. We report the sensitivity of the proton spectrum measurements for energies 40–630 TeV obtained via Monte Carlo simulations for an air-shower experiment. It was found that protons could be separated with a purity of 90%, and the survival ratio of protons including model dependence was 14.2%–19.1% and 3.7%–7.4% at about 35 TeV and about 450 TeV, respectively. The maximum total systematic error of the proton flux depending on interaction models in air-shower development and composition models was ±37%. With a large effective area and high proton separation capability, the Tibet ASγ experiment can measure the proton spectrum in the energy range from tens to hundreds of TeV with high statistical accuracy.
Allelic expression imbalance in articular cartilage and subchondral bone refined genome-wide association signals in osteoarthritis
Authors: Coutinho de Almeida Rodrigo , Tuerlings Margo , Ramos Yolande , Den Hollander Wouter , Suchiman Eka , Lakenberg Nico , Nelissen Rob G H H , Mei Hailiang , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo present an unbiased approach to identify positional transcript single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of osteoarthritis (OA) risk loci by allelic expression imbalance (AEI) analyses using RNA sequencing of articular cartilage and subchondral bone from OA patients.MethodsRNA sequencing from 65 articular cartilage and 24 subchondral bone from OA patients was used for AEI analysis. AEI was determined for all genes present in the 100 regions reported by the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog that were also expressed in cartilage or bone. The count fraction of the alternative allele (φ) was calculated for each heterozygous individual with the risk SNP or with the SNP in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with it (r2 &gt; 0.6). Furthermore, a meta-analysis was performed to generate a meta-φ (null hypothesis median φ = 0.49) and P-value for each SNP.ResultsWe identified 30 transcript SNPs (28 in cartilage and two in subchondral bone) subject to AEI in 29 genes. Notably, 10 transcript SNPs were located in genes not previously reported in the GWAS catalog, including two long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), MALAT1 (meta-φ = 0.54, FDR = 1.7×10−4) and ILF3-DT (meta-φ = 0.6, FDR = 1.75×10−5). Moreover, 12 drugs were interacting with seven genes displaying AEI, of which seven drugs have been already approved.ConclusionsBy prioritizing proxy transcript SNPs that mark AEI in cartilage and/or subchondral bone at loci harbouring GWAS signals, we present an unbiased approach to identify the most likely functional OA risk-SNP and gene. We identified 10 new potential OA risk genes ready for further translation towards underlying biological mechanisms.
A data-driven approach finds RNA polymerase III antibody and tendon friction rubs as enrichment tools for early diffuse scleroderma trials
Authors: Domsic Robyn T , Medsger Thomas A , Gao Shiyao , Laffoon Maureen , Huang Suiyuan , Wisniewski Stephen , Spino Cathie , Steen Virginia , Lafyatis Robert , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveClinical trials in early diffuse SSc have consistently shown a placebo group response with a declining modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), with negative outcomes. Our objective was to identify strategies using clinical characteristics or laboratory values to improve trial design.MethodsWe identified early diffuse SSc patients first seen at the University of Pittsburgh from 1980–2015. Eligible patients had ≥3 visits, with at least two mRSS scores within the first year of follow-up. We performed Kaplan–Meier analyses, group-based trajectory analysis of mRSS scores, followed by multivariable regression analysis and classification tree analysis. We applied the results to the abatacept in early diffuse systemic sclerosis (ASSET) trial outcome data.ResultsWe identified 403 patients with &lt;18 months, and 514 with &lt;36 months disease duration. The median number of mRSS follow-up scores was 14 (interquartile range 8, 25). All methodologic approaches identified skin thickness progression rate, RNA polymerase III (RNAP3) antibody positivity and presence of tendon friction rubs (TFR) as predictors of mRSS trajectory over 5 years of follow-up, and thereby as potential enrichment variables. When applied to the ASSET data, adjustment for both RNAP3 and TFR demonstrated reduction of the placebo mRSS response, particularly at 6 months. A significant difference in the ACR Composite Response Index in Systemic Sclerosis (CRISS) score was found with adjustment by RNAP3 at 6 months, and TFR or RNAP3 at 12 months.ConclusionAdjustment for both RNAP3 and TFR predicts mRSS trajectory and diminished the mRSS decline in ASSET placebo group, and identified significant differences in CRISS. RNAP3, particularly, is a stratification or enrichment approach to improve early diffuse SSc trial design.
Evaluation of predictive models to determine total morbidity outcome of feedlot cattle based on cohort-level feed delivery data during the first 15 days on feed
Authors: Heinen L , Lancaster P A , White B J , Zwiefel E 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChanges in feeding behavior and intake have been used to predict the onset of bovine respiratory disease in individual animals but have not been applied to cohort-level data. Correctly identifying high morbidity cohorts of cattle early in the feeding period could facilitate the administration of interventions to improve health and economic outcomes. The study objective was to determine the ability of feed delivery data from the first 15 days of feed to predict total feeding period morbidity. Data consisted of 518 cohorts (10 feedlots, 56,796 animals) of cattle of varying sex, age, arrival weight, and arrival time of year over a 2-year period. Overall cohort-level morbidity was classified into high (≥15% total morbidity) or low categories with 18.5% of cohorts having high morbidity. Five predictive models (advanced perceptron, decision forest, logistic regression, neural network, and boosted decision tree) were created to predict overall morbidity given cattle characteristics at arrival and feeding characteristics from the first 15 days. The dataset was split into training and testing subsets (75% and 25% of original, respectively), stratified by the outcome of interest. Predictive models were generated in Microsoft Azure using the training set and overall predictive performance was evaluated using the testing set. Performance in the testing set (n = 130) was measured based on final accuracy, sensitivity (Sn, the ability to accurately detect high morbidity cohorts), and specificity (Sp, the ability to accurately detect low morbidity cohorts). The decision forest had the highest Sp (97%) with the greatest ability to accurately identify low morbidity lots (103 of 106 identified correctly), but this model had low Sn (33%). The logistic regression and neural network had similar Sn (both 63%) and Sp (69% and 72%, respectively) with the best ability to correctly identify high morbidity cohorts (15 of 24 correctly identified). Predictor variables with the greatest importance in the predictive models included percent change in feed delivery between days and 4-day moving averages. The most frequent variable with a high level of importance among models was the percent change in feed delivered from d 2 to 3 after arrival. In conclusion, feed delivery data during the first 15 days on feed was a significant predictor of total cohort-level morbidity over the entire feeding period with changes in feed delivery providing important information.
Nursing Faculty’s Perceptions of Climate Change and Sustainability
Authors: Amerson Roxanne M. , Boice Olivia , Mitchell Hannah , Bible Joe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this research study was to investigate the perceptions of climate change and sustainability of faculty teaching in associate and baccalaureate degree nursing programs in South Carolina and their attitudes toward inclusion of relevant content into the nursing curriculum.

BACKGROUND
Climate change is a topic that receives limited discussion in most nursing education curricula.

METHOD
This cross-sectional, descriptive study gathered data from 21 schools of nursing via an online survey consisting of demographic questions, the New Ecological Paradigm Scale, and the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey 2 and two questions regarding the current inclusion of content.

RESULTS
Eighty-one percent of respondents did not include health implications of climate change in their teaching content; 67% did not include health implications of sustainability.

CONCLUSION
Results provide preliminary evidence of gaps and areas of need for curricular content related to climate change and sustainability.
Development and Testing of a Communication Intervention to Improve Chronic Pain Management in Primary Care
Authors: Henry Stephen G. , Fenton Joshua J. , Campbell Cynthia I. , Sullivan Mark , Weinberg Gary , Naz Hiba , Graham Wyatt M. , Dossett Michelle L. , Kravitz Richard L. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Effective communication skills are essential for optimally managing chronic pain and opioids. This exploratory, sequential mixed methods study tested the effect of a novel framework designed to improve pain-related communication and outcomes.

Methods:
Study 1 developed a novel 5-step framework for helping primary care clinicians discuss chronic pain and opioids with patients. Study 2 pilot tested an intervention for teaching this framework using standardized patient instructors—actors trained to portray patients and provide immediate clinician feedback—deployed during regular clinic hours. Primary care physicians were randomized to receive either the intervention or pain management recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Primary outcomes were pain-related interference at 2 months and clinician use of targeted communication skills (coded from transcripts of audio-recorded visits); secondary outcomes were pain intensity at 2 months, clinician self-efficacy for communicating about chronic pain, patient experience, and clinician-reported visit difficulty.

Results:
We enrolled 47 primary care physicians from 2 academic teaching clinics and recorded visits with 48 patients taking opioids for chronic pain who had an appointment scheduled with an enrolled physician. The intervention was not associated with significant changes in primary or secondary outcomes other than clinician self-efficacy, which was significantly greater in the intervention group.

Discussion:
This study developed a novel framework and intervention for teaching clinician pain-related communications skills. Although the intervention showed promise, more intensive or multicomponent interventions may be needed to have a significant impact on clinicians’ pain-related communication and pain outcomes.
Characterizing the Residual SCFE Deformity: Utility of the 45-degree Dunn View
Authors: Smith Craig A. , Block Andrew M. , Eisenberg Matthew T. , Shoenecker Perry L. , Clohisy John C. , Nepple Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
After treatment with in situ stabilization, slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) patients have variable degrees of deformity that can contribute to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). To evaluate the severity of residual deformity most physicians currently use biplanar radiographs of an anteroposterior pelvis which profiles the lateral head-neck deformity and a frog lateral view which profiles the anterior head-neck deformity. However, the assessment of FAI morphology commonly relies on the 45-degree Dunn view to profile the anterolateral head-neck junction where FAI deformity is maximal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude of residual SCFE deformity detected on the frog lateral radiograph to the 45-degree Dunn radiograph.

Methods:
A retrospective review of radiographic images of 50 hips (47 patients) diagnosed with SCFE at a single academic institution from 2014 to 2018 was performed. The group included 25 hips evaluated postoperatively after fixation (Group 1) and 25 hips presenting with residual symptomatic SCFE deformity after previous pinning (Group 2). The alpha angle was assessed on both the 45-degree Dunn and frog lateral views for comparison. The modified Southwick slip angle was assessed on the frog lateral view only as a measure of SCFE severity.

Results:
The Dunn view showed the maximal residual SCFE deformity as measured by the alpha angle in 88% (44/50) of cases. Overall, the mean alpha angle (70.7 degree vs. 60.1 degree, P<0.001) was significantly larger on the Dunn view as compared with frog lateral. Subgroup analysis showed a larger alpha angle on Dunn view compared with frog lateral in both immediate postoperative and residual SCFE deformities as well: Group 1 (69.5 degree vs. 60.9 degree, P<0.001) and Group 2 (71.9 degree vs. 59.3 degree, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
In patients with SCFE, the maximal residual deformity of the proximal femur can typically be seen on the 45-degree Dunn view, rather than on the frog lateral view. Our findings suggest the 45-degree Dunn view may be beneficial part of the postoperative assessment of SCFEs to quantify the true maximal deformity present.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
The Influence of Retrograde Femoral Nail Removal With and Without Interpositional Fat Grafting on Distal Femoral Physeal Behavior: A Sheep Study
Authors: Ren Bryan O. , Amakoutou Kouami , Knapik Derrick M. , Benedick Alex , Anderson James M. , Zirkle Lewis G. , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Previous investigations have demonstrated that up to 7% of the distal femoral physis can be violated using a rigid, retrograde nail without growth inhibition or arrest. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the behavior of the distal femoral physis after retrograde femoral nail removal in a sheep model, with and without placement of an interpositional fat graft.

Methods:
Retrograde femoral nails were placed in 8 skeletally immature sheep. Implants were removed at 8 weeks, with the residual defects left open (n=4) or filled with autologous fat graft (n=4). Differences in femoral length between surgical versus contralateral control femurs were measured after an additional 3 (n=4) or 5 months (n=4) before sacrifice, and the physis was evaluated histologically.

Results:
When compared with control limbs, femoral length was significantly shorter in limbs sacrificed at 3 months (mean: 3.9±1.3 mm; range: 2.7 to 5.7 mm) compared with limbs at 5 months (mean: 1.0±0.4 mm; range: 0.4 to 1.2 mm) (P=0.005). No significant difference in mean shortening was appreciated in limbs without (2.4±1.6 mm) versus with fat grafting (2.5±2.3 mm) (P=0.94). Histologic analysis revealed no osteoid formation across the physis in sheep sacrificed at 3 months, whereas there was evidence of early osteoid formation across the physis in sheep at 5 months. All specimens demonstrated evidence of an active physes.

Conclusions:
Femurs undergoing retrograde implant placement were significantly shorter when compared with control limbs in sheep sacrificed at 3 months, whereas differences were nominal in sheep sacrificed at 5 months after retrograde implant removal, suggesting growth inhibition with nail removal improved with time. Fat grafting across the distal femoral physis did not result in a significant difference in femoral lengths. Histologic evidence at 5 months revealed early development of a bone bridge, emphasizing the importance of follow-up to skeletal maturity in patients treated with retrograde nailing across an open physis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Modulation of the Association Between Age and Death by Risk Factor Burden in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Sunderraj Ashwin , Cho Chloe , Cai Xuan , Gupta Shruti , Mehta Rupal , Isakova Tamara , Leaf David E. , Srivastava Anand ,   STOP-COVID Investigators
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Older age is a key risk factor for adverse outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. However, few studies have investigated whether preexisting comorbidities and acute physiologic ICU factors modify the association between age and death.

DESIGN:
Multicenter cohort study.

SETTING:
ICUs at 68 hospitals across the United States.

PATIENTS:
A total of 5,037 critically ill adults with COVID-19 admitted to ICUs between March 1, 2020, and July 1, 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary exposure was age, modeled as a continuous variable. The primary outcome was 28-day inhospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression tested the association between age and death. Effect modification by the number of risk factors was assessed through a multiplicative interaction term in the logistic regression model. Among the 5,037 patients included (mean age, 60.9 yr [± 14.7], 3,179 [63.1%] male), 1,786 (35.4%) died within 28 days. Age had a nonlinear association with 28-day mortality (p for nonlinearity <0.001) after adjustment for covariates that included demographics, preexisting comorbidities, acute physiologic ICU factors, number of ICU beds, and treatments for COVID-19. The number of preexisting comorbidities and acute physiologic ICU factors modified the association between age and 28-day mortality (p for interaction <0.001), but this effect modification was modest as age still had an exponential relationship with death in subgroups stratified by the number of risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large population of critically ill patients with COVID-19, age had an independent exponential association with death. The number of preexisting comorbidities and acute physiologic ICU factors modified the association between age and death, but age still had an exponential association with death in subgroups according to the number of risk factors present. Additional studies are needed to identify the mechanisms underpinning why older age confers an increased risk of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19.