bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderates the Relationship between Catastrophizing, Anxiety, and Perceived Pain in People with Chronic Nononcological Pain
Authors: López-Martínez Alicia E , Ramírez-Maestre Carmen , Serrano-Ibáñez Elena R , Ruiz-Párraga Gema T , Esteve Rosa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveSubstantial empirical evidence has shown that intolerance of uncertainty is a central transdiagnostic feature in psychopathology and it has been suggested to be a pain-related psychological factor contributing to the experience of chronic pain. However, research in this area is virtually nonexistent. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between pain severity, catastrophizing, and anxiety in people with chronic nononcological pain, while assuming that intolerance of uncertainty moderates these relationships.MethodsA convenience sample of 188 individuals with nononcological chronic pain (157 women and 32 men) participated in the study. We investigated the moderated mediation of intolerance of uncertainty between anxiety and catastrophizing and between catastrophizing and pain intensity.ResultsThe full moderated mediation model accounted for significant variance in pain intensity (R2 = 0.148, P&lt; .001). Intolerance of uncertainty significantly moderated the interaction between anxiety and catastrophizing (B = 0.039, SE = 0.012, 95% CI [0.015, 0.063]) and between catastrophizing and pain intensity (B = -0.034, SE = 0.010, 95% CI [−0.054, −0.014]). Anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty did not interact in predicting catastrophizing, although an interaction effect was found between intolerance of uncertainty and catastrophizing in predicting pain intensity.ConclusionThis study is the first to address the interrelationship of intolerance of uncertainty, catastrophizing, and anxiety in relation to perceived pain intensity. The current findings support intolerance of uncertainty as a relevant psychological variable that is distinct from other relevant constructs in the setting of pain research and treatment.
Child Sexual Abuse Material Online: The Perspective of Online Investigators on Training and Support
Authors: Leclerc Benoit , Cale Jesse , Holt Thomas , Drew Jacqueline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of online technologies in recent decades has led to the proliferation of the distribution, consumption, and sale of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) online. This trend has arguably also contributed to the sexual abuse of children offline. In this context, many organizations, including financial institutions and police agencies, have invested human, financial, and technological resources to address this problem. Combining statistics on recent crime trends with data collected from online police investigators suggests the critical need for this phenomenon to be taken more seriously on a global scale. Using data obtained from interviews conducted with online CSAM police investigators across several Australian police agencies, this study presents a detailed view of what is needed to best support police work in this domain. The most frequent responses obtained from investigators grouped around three dimensions: (1) knowledge and skills related to the tools used during investigations, such as computers, information technology, the Internet, and legislations; (2) knowledge related to offenders, how they operate, and how investigators should interact with them virtually; and (3) mental health wellbeing of investigators.
The Dynamic Racial Structure and Disparities in Neighborhood Crime Change
Authors: Lyons Christopher J , Vélez María B , Krivo Lauren J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cross-sectional scholarship demonstrates the importance of the U.S. racial structure in precipitating dramatic racial divisions in serious crime across neighborhoods. Yet, we know much less about the degree and sources of racial disparities in how neighborhood crime changes over time, despite considerable evolution in the components of the racial order. We articulate a dynamic racial structural perspective that centers the unfolding nature of residential segregation in producing and altering racially structured socioeconomic realities. We contend that these racialized structural inequalities, in turn, lead neighborhoods on unequal paths of crime change. We assess this perspective with new panel data (circa 2000 and 2010) from the National Neighborhood Crime Study for 7,875 census tracts across 75 cities. Despite considerable socioeconomic upheaval and demographic change during the first decade of the 2000s, we find substantial disparities in neighborhood violence and burglary change that indicate the reproduction of the ethno-racial divide. Furthermore, our dynamic racial structural model explains much of these inequalities in crime change. A dynamic racial structure perspective lays a foundation for understanding the consequences of the evolving U.S. racial structure for unequal exposure to crime across neighborhoods over time.
Characterizations of an Emerging Disease: Apple Blotch Caused by Diplocarpon coronariae (syn. Marssonina coronaria) in the Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Khodadadi Fatemeh , Martin Phillip L. , Donahue Daniel J. , Peter Kari A. , Aćimović Srđan G. 
Published: February 2022

Apple orchards with minimal or reduced fungicide inputs in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States have experienced outbreaks of severe premature defoliation with symptoms that matched those of apple blotch disease (ABD) caused by Diplocarpon coronariae. Fungal isolates obtained from symptomatic apple leaves and fruit produced uniform slow-growing, dark-gray colonies on peptone potato dextrose agar and had conidia. Internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences matched with D. coronariae and Koch’s postulates were fulfilled when typical ABD symptoms occurred when reinoculated onto apple leaves and fruit. Spore dispersal in nonfungicide-treated orchards detected with quantitative PCR was low in early spring and dropped to undetectable levels in late May and early June before rising exponentially to highs in July and August, which coincided with symptom development. Only low spore numbers were detected in fungicide-treated orchards and nearby forests. In preliminary fungicide tests, fluxapyroxad, thiophanate methyl, and difenoconazole effectively inhibited mycelial growth of isolates in vitro. When apple cultivars Fuji and Honeycrisp were inoculated with D. coronariae, Honeycrisp showed delayed onset of symptoms and lower disease severity, and the transcription profile of seven host defense-related genes showed that PR-2, PR-8, LYK4, and CERK1 were highly induced in Honeycrisp at 2 and 5 days postinoculation. This is the first report of ABD in the Mid-Atlantic United States, which includes studies of seasonal D. coronariae spore dispersal patterns, preliminary fungicide efficacy, and host defense-related gene expression to assist development of best ABD management practices.
Use of Vancomycin Powder in Spinal Deformity Surgery in Cerebral Palsy Patients is Associated With Proteus Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Du Jerry Y. , Dumaine Anne M. , Klyce Walter , Miyanji Firoz , Sponseller Paul D. , Glotzbecker Michael P. ,   Harms Study Group
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Surgical site infection (SSI) rates in pediatric spinal deformity surgery for cerebral palsy (CP) patients are higher than that in idiopathic scoliosis. The use of vancomycin powder is associated with decreased risk of SSI in neuromuscular patients. Prior studies in adult and pediatric early-onset scoliosis patients have shown that vancomycin powder alters microbacterial profile in patients that develop SSI. However, the effects of topical vancomycin powder on microbiology in spinal deformity surgery for CP patients has not been studied.

Methods:
An international multicenter database of CP neuromuscular scoliosis patients was used in this retrospective cohort study. All patients that underwent posterior spinal instrumented fusion for CP neuromuscular scoliosis from 2008 to 2019 were queried, and 50 cases complicated by postoperative SSI were identified. Intraoperative antibiotic details were documented in 49 cases (98.0%). Microbiology details were documented in 45 cases (91.8%). Microbiology for patients that received topical vancomycin powder were compared with patients that did not. A multivariate regression model was used to control for potential confounders.

Results:
There were 45 patients included in this study. There were 27 males (60.0%) and 18 females (40.0%). Mean age at surgery was 14.8±2.4 years. There were 24 patients that received topical vancomycin powder (53.3%). The mean time from index surgery to SSI was 4.3±11.3 months.
On univariate analysis of microbiology cultures by vancomycin powder cohort, there were no significant differences in culture types. Proteus spp. trended on significance with association with vancomycin powder use (P=0.078). When controlling for potential confounders on multivariate analysis, intraoperative topical vancomycin powder was associated with increased risk for proteus infection (adjusted odds ratio: 262.900, 95% confidence interval: 1.806-38,267.121, P=0.028).

Discussion:
In CP patients undergoing pediatric spinal deformity surgery, the use of vancomycin powder was independently associated with increased risk for proteus infections. Further study into antibiotic regimens for spinal deformity surgery in the CP population should be performed.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Hypertension determinants among Ghanaians differ according to location of residence: RODAM study
Authors: van der Linden Eva L. , Meeks Karlijn A.C. , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Bahendeka Silver , Beune Erik J.A.J. , van den Born Bert-Jan H. , Agyemang Charles 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Hypertension prevalence is high among African migrants, but the determinants of hypertension in migrants in Europe in relation to the population in the country of origin still needs to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of hypertension in Ghanaians residing in Ghana and Europe.

Methods:
The current study used baseline data of 5659 participants, aged 25–70 years, of the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychosocial, anthropometric and health factors independently associated with hypertension in Ghanaians living in rural and urban Ghana, and Ghanaian migrants living in Europe.

Results:
Across all sites, older age (both sexes; odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.08) and diabetes (females only; 2.02, 1.54–1.67) were independently associated with hypertension. The other determinants of hypertension differed between geographical locations. Higher waist circumference (1.12, 1.05–1.20) was independently associated with hypertension in rural-Ghanaian males, as was higher body mass index (1.15, 1.03– 1.28) in urban-Ghanaian males, higher waist circumference (1.04, 1.01–1.07) and diabetes (1.75, 1.17–2.63) in European-Ghanaian males. In European-Ghanaian females, high alcohol intake (1.88, 1.01 –3.53) and waist circumference (1.04, 1.02– 1.06) were associated with hypertension, whereas in rural-Ghanaian females, a higher educational level (0.28, 0.08–0.98) was inversely associated with hypertension.

Conclusion:
The current study identified several modifiable determinants of hypertension in Ghanaians, with differences between populations residing in various geographical locations. This highlights the importance of development and implementation of context-specific interventions targeting these determinants to reduce the burden of hypertension among Ghanaian migrants and nonmigrants.
Feasibility of a “Salvage Regimen” Using Home-based Intravenous Meropenem Therapy With a Delamanid/Bedaquilline Containing Regimen in the Management of MDR/XDR Pediatric Tuberculosis
Authors: Shah Ira , Antony Sonu , Jaiswal Akanksha , Bodhanwala Minnie , Shah Daksha , Tipre Pranita , Salve Jyoti , Parmar Malik , Sachdeva K. S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) with additional resistance to fluoroquinolones or second-line injectables (MDRFQ/SLI)/extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in children is high in Mumbai. There are limited therapeutic options available in management of such children. Carbapenems, although approved for this indication, requires 2 to 3 daily injections, which are cumbersome. Bedaquilline (Bdq) and Delamanid (Dlm), the new antitubercular drugs still remain inaccessible to this subset of patients caused by conditional approvals. Hence, newer strategies to combat MDRFQ/SLI/XDR-TB needs to be explored.

Objectives:
To study feasibility and interim outcomes of a “salvage regimen” using home-based carbapenem therapy through peripherally inserted central catheter as part of a longer (18–20 months) optimized background regimen including Dlm or Bdq or both in pediatric MDRFQ/SLI/XDR-TB patients who failed a standard MDR-TB regimen under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme in Mumbai, India.

Design and Methods:
Retrospective descriptive analysis study. National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme medical records of all MDRFQ/SLI/XDR-TB patients enrolled at the pediatric TB clinic at BJ Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai who were initiated on such “salvage regimen” during the period between April 2018 and December 2020 were retrospectively studied. Treatment outcomes and adverse events were described.

Results:
Of the 15 patients enrolled, mean age of the patient population was 12.53 ± 2.47 years and the female:male ratio was 13:2. Seven patients had XDR-TB while 8 patients had MDRFQ/SLI. Most common adverse event noted was dyselectrolytemia (3 patients). Catheter-related complications were reported in 5 patients and included catheter blockage, leak, and thrombosis. Sputum culture conversion was reported in all of the patients. One child mortality was reported and 2 patients were lost to follow up during study period.

Conclusions:
Home-based meropenem therapy using peripherally inserted central catheter is feasible with few adverse effects. This can be a promising strategy in the management of MDRFQ/SLI/XDR-TB when an effective oral regimen cannot be otherwise constituted and needs to be explored further.
Occipital Neuralgia May Be a Possible Limitation on the Utility of the Buffalo Treadmill Test for Concussion Assessments: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Cook Laura , Herman Daniel C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Two female athletes presented to clinic following a head injury and exhibited signs of concussion. Both athletes experienced exacerbation of symptoms secondary to dysautonomia related to concussion injury on the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT). On repeat evaluation, both athletes exhibited neck pain with symptoms immediately provoked by palpation of the occipital nerves. After a third occipital nerve block, both athletes had complete resolution of symptoms and subsequently tolerated BCTT to the maximum rate of perceived exertion with no provoked symptoms. The athletes were cleared for return to sport without issue. These cases indicate a potential limitation in the utility of the BCTT for determining the etiology and management of concussion and postconcussion syndrome.
Impact of Cirrhosis on Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalizations
Authors: Taneja Vikas , Stein Daniel J. , Feuerstein Joseph D. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Evidence regarding outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) hospitalizations with coexisting cirrhosis is scant. We queried the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to evaluate the impact of cirrhosis on hospitalization characteristics and outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Methods:
All admissions that listed IBD as a primary diagnosis by ICD-10-CM code (K50.X for Crohn’s disease and K51.X for ulcerative colitis) in the NIS for 2016 and 2017 were included. Attributes of admissions with cirrhosis (K74.XX, 70.3, 78.81, and 71.7) were compared with noncirrhosis IBD admissions. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Length of stay and total hospital charges comprised secondary outcomes.

Results:
A total weighted sample of 276,430 IBD admissions were identified, including 4615 with a concomitant diagnosis of cirrhosis. In a multivariate model, after adjusting for comorbidities, age, alimentary surgery during the admission and hospital type (teaching, urban nonteaching or rural), the presence of cirrhosis was associated with a higher inpatient mortality [odds ratio: 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-2.15] and increased cost of admission (mean difference $11,651; 95% CI: 3830-19,472). No difference was noted in length of stay (difference: 0.44 d; 95% CI: -0.12-1.02) among these groups. Among admission diagnoses, infectious complications were the primary cause of death in 93.3% (95% CI: 87.1%-99.5%) of all inpatient mortality in the IBD with cirrhosis cohort as compared with 80.1% (95% CI: 77.6%-82.7%) of the mortality among IBD patients without cirrhosis (P=0.01).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that the presence of cirrhosis has an independent negative impact on outcomes for hospitalized patients with IBD as reflected by increased in-hospital mortality and higher cost of admission. A majority of the mortality was attributable to infections.
UCsim2: two-dimensionally structured illumination microscopy using UC2
Authors: Wang Haoran , Lachmann René , Marsikova Barbora , Heintzmann Rainer , Diederich Benedict 
Published: February 2022

State-of-the-art microscopy techniques enable the imaging of sub-diffraction barrier biological structures at the price of high costs or a lack of transparency. We try to reduce some of these barriers by presenting a super-resolution upgrade to our recently presented open-source optical toolbox UC2. Our new injection moulded parts allow larger builds with higher precision. The 4× lower manufacturing tolerance compared to three-dimensional printing makes assemblies more reproducible. By adding consumer-grade available open-source hardware such as digital mirror devices and laser projectors, we demonstrate a compact three-dimensional multimodal setup that combines image scanning microscopy and structured illumination microscopy. We demonstrate a gain in resolution and optical sectioning using the two different modes compared to the widefield limit by imaging Alexa Fluor ® 647- and Silicon Rhodamine-stained HeLa cells. We compare different objective lenses and by sharing the designs and manuals of our setup, we make super-resolution imaging available to everyone.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 2)'.
A biomarker of aging, p16, predicts peripheral neuropathy in women receiving adjuvant taxanes for breast cancer
Authors: Mitin Natalia , Nyrop Kirsten A. , Strum Susan L. , Knecht Anne , Carey Lisa A , Reeder-Hayes Katherine E. , Dees E. Claire , Jolly Trevor A. , Kimmick Gretchen G. , Karuturi Meghan S. , Reinbolt Raquel E. , Speca JoEllen C. , O’Hare Erin A. , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTImportanceIdentifying patients at higher risk of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major unmet need given its high incidence, persistence, and detrimental effect on quality of life.ObjectiveTo determine if expression of p16, a biomarker of aging and cellular senescence, predicts CIPN.DesignProspective observational cohort study including one hundred fifty-two participants enrolled between January 2014 and August 2018 and followed during the course of adjuvant chemotherapy. Expression of p16 was measured prior to and at the end of chemotherapy. Side effects, including peripheral neuropathy, were assessed prior to each chemotherapy cycle.SettingA multi-center study including four major academic hospitals and five community oncology clinics.ParticipantsWomen with newly diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer to receive chemotherapy including a taxane.Main Outcomes and MeasureDevelopment of grade 2+ (moderate or worse) CIPN during the course of chemotherapy. CIPN symptoms were graded by participants’ oncology clinician using the NCI-CTCAE v5 system. Expression of p16 mRNA was measured by qPCR in T-lymphocytes isolated from fresh peripheral blood.ResultsA multivariate model including taxane regimen type and p16Age Gap, a measure of discordance between chronological age and p16 expression, identified risk factors for CIPN. Participants with higher chronological age but lower p16 expression prior to chemotherapy (molecularly young) were at the highest risk. Incidence of CIPN positively correlated with chemotherapy-induced increase in p16 expression, with the largest increase seen in participants with the lowest p16 expression prior to treatment.Conclusions and RelevanceThis is the first report using a biomarker of senescence in a model to identify patients at risk for taxane-induced CIPN. Studies to confirm and validate our findings are ongoing. When validated, a p16Age Gap-based model can be used to guide chemotherapy selection in patients with early breast cancer and identify patients at high risk who may be candidates for preventive trials.Key PointsQuestionIs cellular senescence an independent risk factor for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy?FindingsIn a prospective observational cohort study of women with early-stage breast cancer undergoing treatment with taxane chemotherapy, a regression model containing a measure of cellular senescence and taxane type was a statistically significant predictor of grade 2+ CIPN incidence.MeaningCellular senescence is an independent risk factor for CIPN that, if validated, could guide treatment selection and identify high-risk patients for preventive strategies.
A Robust Spike Sorting Method based on the Joint Optimization of Linear Discrimination Analysis and Density Peaks
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Han Jiawei , Liu Tengjun , Yang Zelan , Chen Weidong , Zhang Shaomin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveSpike sorting is a fundamental step in extracting single-unit activity from neural ensemble recordings, which play an important role in basic neuroscience and neurotechnologies. A few algorithms have been applied in spike sorting. However, when noise level or waveform similarity becomes relatively high, their robustness still faces a big challenge.ApproachIn this study, we propose a spike sorting method combining Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Density Peaks (DP) for feature extraction and clustering. Relying on the joint optimization of LDA and DP: DP provides more accurate classification labels for LDA, LDA extracts more discriminative features to cluster for DP, and the algorithm achieves high performance after iteration. We first compared the proposed LDA-DP algorithm with several algorithms on one publicly available simulated dataset and one real rodent neural dataset with different noise levels. We further demonstrated the performance of the LDA-DP method on a real neural dataset from non-human primates with more complex distribution characteristics.Main resultsThe results show that our LDA-DP algorithm extracts a more discriminative feature subspace and achieves better cluster quality than previously established methods in both simulated and real data. Especially in the neural recordings with high noise levels or waveform similarity, the LDA-DP still yields a robust performance with automatic detection of the number of clusters.SignificanceThe proposed LDA-DP algorithm achieved high sorting accuracy and robustness to noise, which offers a promising tool for spike sorting and facilitates the following analysis of neural population activity.