bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccines: awareness, attitude and acceptance among undergraduate University students
Authors: Asres Firew , Umeta Belachew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe myths and conspiracy theories on the COVID-19 vaccine cause people to be hesitant and maleficent towards the vaccine.ObjectivesTo assess COVID-19 vaccine-related awareness, attitude and acceptance and to assess reasons for refusing the vaccine among undergraduate Jimma University Institute of Health students.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 387 undergraduate students of Jimma University Institute of Health. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data and summarized by descriptive statistics. A multivariable regression model was used to assess predictable variables for good awareness and positive attitude. Apvalue of < 0.05 was used to declare the statistical association.ResultsOnly 41% of the students had a good awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine, and more than half, 224 (57.9%) of them had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Age [(AOR: 95% CI) 1.18 (1.03, 1.35)] and having good awareness [(AOR: 95% CI) 2.39 (1.55, 3.68)] were associated with positive attitude of students towards the COVID-19 vaccine. However, only 27.1% of the students were willing to take the vaccine for COVID-19. Afraid of long term effects (49.1%), not being convinced of the safety standards (38.8%), lack of information about the vaccine (37.2%), and too short time for development (39.9%) was common reasons for refusing the COVID-19 vaccine.ConclusionsAccording to the present study, the majority of the participants had a positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine. However, only less than half of the participants had a good awareness of the vaccine. In addition, the acceptability of the vaccine is low. Afraid of long term effects, not being convinced of the safety profile, lack of information about the vaccine, and the time used for the development were the common reasons for refusing the vaccine. Therefore, all stakeholders are advised to increase awareness, positive attitude, and acceptance of the vaccine.
Yoga and mental health: what every psychiatrist needs to know
Authors: Bhargav Hemant , George Sanju , Varambally Shivarama 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYYoga was developed primarily as a tool for self-mastery and spiritual progress. However, over the past few decades, the therapeutic applications of yoga in mental healthcare have been explored with promising results. This article aims to inform psychiatrists about the clinical usefulness of yoga for mental disorders. We discuss the rationale and latest evidence base for the use of yoga in psychiatric practice, including the neurobiological mechanisms and indications and contraindications for yoga therapy. We suggest practical yoga techniques that can be used as an add-on for managing common psychiatric conditions. Finally, we discuss the setting up and running of yoga clinical services in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in India and explore what can be learnt to facilitate yoga as a therapeutic approach in the Western world.
The acute effects of higher versus lower load duration and intensity on morphological and mechanical properties of the healthy Achilles tendon: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Merza Eman Y. , Pearson Stephen J. , Lichtwark Glen A. , Malliaras Peter 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The Achilles tendon (AT) exhibits volume changes related to fluid flow under acute load which may be linked to changes in stiffness. Fluid flow provides a mechanical signal for cellular activity and may be one mechanism that facilitates tendon adaptation. This study aimed to investigate whether isometric intervention involving a high level of load duration and intensity could maximize the immediate reduction in AT volume and stiffness compared with interventions involving a lower level of load duration and intensity. Sixteen healthy participants (12 males, 4 females; age 24.4±9.4 years, body mass 70.9±16.1 kg, height 1.7±0.1 m) performed three isometric interventions of varying levels of load duration (2 s and 8 s) and intensity (35% and 75% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) over a 3 week period. Freehand 3D ultrasound was used to measure free AT volume (at rest) and length (at 35%, 55% and 75% of maximum plantarflexion force) pre- and post-interventions. The slope of the force–elongation curve over these force levels represented individual stiffness (N mm−1). Large reductions in free AT volume and stiffness resulted in response to long-duration high-intensity loading whilst less reduction was produced with a lower load intensity. In contrast, no change in free AT volume and a small increase in AT stiffness occurred with lower load duration. These findings suggest that the applied load on the AT must be heavy and sustained for a long duration to maximize immediate volume reduction, which might be an acute response that enables optimal long-term tendon adaptation via mechanotransduction pathways.
Comment on “Modeling Purchasing Behavior with Sudden ‘Death’: A Flexible Customer Lifetime Model”
Authors: Adler Jost 
Published: April 2022

In their 2012 paper, Bemmaor and Glady introduced the gamma/Gompertz/negative binomial distribution model for customer base analysis. Their model uses exponentially distributed interpurchase times and a Gompertz distributed customer lifetime, where the latter distribution is nonmemoryless. This comment corrects an error in their expression for the conditional expected number of individual future purchases [Formula: see text] in a forecasting interval of length [Formula: see text]. Contrary to their approach, the correct derivation of the conditional expectation must be based on the conditional survival and density functions of the lifetime distribution. Using the wrong formula leads managers to overestimate the expected future customer purchases. Further, the comment corrects the erroneous expressions for the conditional variance [Formula: see text] and the conditional mean residual lifetime [Formula: see text]. This paper was accepted by Raphael Thomadsen, marketing. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4422 .
GSEA–SDBE: A gene selection method for breast cancer classification based on GSEA and analyzing differences in performance metrics
Authors: Ai Hu 
Published: April 2022

Motivation
Selecting the most relevant genes for sample classification is a common process in gene expression studies. Moreover, determining the smallest set of relevant genes that can achieve the required classification performance is particularly important in diagnosing cancer and improving treatment.

Results
In this study, I propose a novel method to eliminate irrelevant and redundant genes, and thus determine the smallest set of relevant genes for breast cancer diagnosis. The method is based on random forest models, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and my developed Sort Difference Backward Elimination (SDBE) algorithm; hence, the method is named GSEA–SDBE. Using this method, genes are filtered according to their importance following random forest training and GSEA is used to select genes by core enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways that are strongly related to breast cancer. Subsequently, the SDBE algorithm is applied to eliminate redundant genes and identify the most relevant genes for breast cancer diagnosis. In the SDBE algorithm, the differences in the Matthews correlation coefficients (MCCs) of performing random forest models are computed before and after the deletion of each gene to indicate the degree of redundancy of the corresponding deleted gene on the remaining genes during backward elimination. Next, the obtained MCC difference list is divided into two parts from a set position and each part is respectively sorted. By continuously iterating and changing the set position, the most relevant genes are stably assembled on the left side of the gene list, facilitating their identification, and the redundant genes are gathered on the right side of the gene list for easy elimination. A cross-comparison of the SDBE algorithm was performed by respectively computing differences between MCCs and ROC_AUC_score and then respectively using 10-fold classification models, e.g., random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and extremely randomized trees (ExtraTrees). Finally, the classification performance of the proposed method was compared with that of three advanced algorithms for five cancer datasets.
Results showed that analyzing MCC differences and using random forest models was the optimal solution for the SDBE algorithm. Accordingly, three consistently relevant genes (i.e., VEGFD, TSLP, and PKMYT1) were selected for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The performance metrics (MCC and ROC_AUC_score, respectively) of the random forest models based on 10-fold verification reached 95.28% and 98.75%. In addition, survival analysis showed that VEGFD and TSLP could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.
Moreover, the proposed method significantly outperformed the other methods tested as it allowed selecting a smaller number of genes while maintaining the required classification accuracy.
Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 pediatric patients in North America: Analysis of the virtual pediatric systems data
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Mawby Isabelle , Chakraborty Ronith , Sethi Sidharth Kumar , Mathur Kashin , Mahesh Shefali , Forbes Michael 
Published: April 2022

Background
Despite extensive research into acute kidney injury (AKI) in adults, research into the epidemiology, associated risk factors, treatment, and mortality of AKI in pediatric COVID-19 patients is understudied. Advancing understanding of this disease is crucial to further developing treatment and preventative care strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 2,546 COVID-19 pediatric patients (age ≤ 21 years) who were admitted the ICU in North America. Analysis of the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS) COVID-19 database was conducted between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021.

Results
Out of a total of 2,546 COVID positive pediatric patients, 10.8% (n = 274) were diagnosed with AKI. Significantly higher continuous and categorical outcomes in the AKI subset compared to the non-AKI cohort included: length of stay at the hospital (LOS) [9.04 (5.11–16.66) vs. 5.09 (2.58–9.94) days], Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 probability of death [1.20 (0.86–3.83) vs. 0.96 (0.79–1.72)], PIM 3 probability of death [0.98 (0.72–2.93) vs. 0.78 (0.69–1.26)], mortality [crude OR (95% CI): 5.01 (2.89–8.70)], airway and respiratory support [1.63 (1.27–2.10)], cardio-respiratory support [3.57 (1.55–8.23)], kidney support [12.52 (5.30–29.58)], and vascular access [4.84 (3.70–6.32)].

Conclusions
This is one of the first large scale studies to analyze AKI among pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU in North America. Although the course of the COVID-19 virus appears milder in the pediatric population, renal complications may result, increasing the risk of disease complication and mortality.
DYNAMICS OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FRUCTOSE-CONTAINING CARBOHYDRATES IN THE UN-DERGROUND ORGANS OF PLANTS FROM DIFFERENT FAMILIES
Authors: Vasfilova Evgenia Samuilovna , Vorob'eva Tat'yana Andreyevna 
Published: April 2022

Fructose-containing carbohydrates (fructans) are sources of reserve nutrients for plants and ensure their adaptation to stressful environmental influences. We studied variability of content of these compounds during growing season. In species of Dicotyledonous (Echinacea pallida, Tussilago farfara (Asteraceae), Lithospermum officinale, Symphytum officinale (Boraginaceae)) content of glucofructans during the period of active growth was low, a significant part of them were low molecular weight compounds. By the end of growing season polymerization index rised and high molecular weight glucofructans prevailed. The separation in time of processes of intensive growth and accumulation of fructans was observed.
For species of Allium (Monocotyledonous), maximum content of glucofructans was observed during the period of flowering and fruiting. In species of bulbous life form (A. caeruleum, A. aflatunense), accumulation of high molecular weight glucofructans proceeded simultaneously with a period of intensive growth and budding, polymerization index increased from the regrowth and reached a maximum by the time of flowering. In species of bulbous-rhizomatous life form (A. obliquum, A. ledebourianum, A. victorialis), content of glucofructans did not change during intensive growth or fell. The polymerization index decreased during this period, but reached its maximum during flowering and fruiting.
Generative individuals of a number of species contained less low molecular weight glucofructans than virginal ones, but they had a greater amount of high molecular weight glucofructans and an increased polymerization index. These age states did not differ in the sum of glucofructans.
Mass screening is a key component to fight against SARS-CoV-2 and return to normalcy
Authors: Feng Zhaomin , Zhang Yi , Pan Yang , Zhang Daitao , Zhang Lei , Wang Quanyi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had highly transmissible and pathogenic, which caused serious economic loss and hazard to public health. Different countries have developed strategies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic that fit their epidemiological situations, capacities, and values. Mass screening combined with control measures rapidly reduced the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically highlighted the essential role of diagnostics capacity in the control of communicable diseases. Mass screening has been increasingly used to detect suspected COVID-19 cases and their close contacts, asymptomatic case, patients attending fever clinics, high-risk populations, employees, even all population to identify infectious individuals. Mass screening is a key component to fight against SARS-CoV-2 and return to normalcy. Here we describe the history of mass screening, define the scope of mass screening, describe its application scenarios, and discuss the impact and challenges of using this approach to control COVID-19. We conclude that through a comprehension screening program and strong testing capabilities, mass screening could help us return to normalcy more quickly.
Research progress of carbon materials in the field of three-dimensional printing polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Bianhong Li , Wei Qi , Qiong Wu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is an additive manufacturing technology designed to rapidly process and manufacture complex geometrical components based on computer model design. Based on a 3D data model, materials are accumulated layer by layer through computer control, and the 3D model is finally turned into a stereoscopic object. Compared with traditional manufacturing methods, 3D printing technology has the advantages of saving man-hours, easy operation, no need for molds, and strong controllability of component geometry. With the development of this technology, according to the core materials and equipment and other elements of the printing molding technology, several types of 3D printing technologies such as fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, and solvent cast-3D printing have gradually formed. This review focuses on the principles and characteristics of several of the most representative 3D printing molding processes. And based on carbon nanomaterial (carbon fibers, graphene, and carbon nanotubes) reinforced polymer composite materials, the research progress of different 3D printing molding processes in recent years is reviewed. At the same time, the commercial application of 3D printing molding process in this field is analyzed and prospected.
Evidence of distorted proprioception and postural control in studies of experimentally induced pain: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Efstathiou Michalis A. , Giannaki Christoforos D. , Roupa Zoe , Hadjisavvas Stelios , Stefanakis Manos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Deficits in proprioception and postural control are common in patients with different musculoskeletal pain syndromes. It has been proposed that pain can negatively affect proprioception and postural control at a peripheral level, however research is limited to animal studies. Human studies have shown that it is more likely, that the link between pain and proprioceptive deficits, lies within changes in the central nervous system where noxious and non-noxious stimuli may overlap. In clinical studies, causality cannot be determined due to other factors which could confound the assessment such as pathophysiological features of the underlying musculoskeletal disorder and different psycho-social influences especially in patients with chronic pain. On the other hand, experimentally induced pain in healthy participants is able to control most of these confounding factors and perhaps offers an assessment of the effects of pain on proprioception and postural control. The aim of this paper is to critically appraise the literature related to the effect of experimentally induced pain on proprioception and postural control. Results from these studies are discussed and limitations are highlighted for future research.

Methods
A search of databases (Medline, Scopus, PubMed) was conducted as well as reference check from relevant articles published since 2000. Fifteen studies which explored the effect of experimentally induced pain on postural control and ten studies which explored the effect of experimentally induced pain on proprioception were included.

Results
We found that in the majority of the studies, postural control was negatively affected by experimentally induced pain. Results for proprioception were mixed depending on the body region and the way the painful stimuli were delivered. Kinesthesia was negatively affected in two studies, while in one study kinesthesia was enhanced. Joint position sense was not affected in four out of five studies. Finally, force sense was affected in three out of four studies.

Conclusions
From a clinical point of view, findings from the available literature suggest that experimentally induced pain impairs postural control and could potentially increases the risk for falls in patients. Interventions aiming to reduce pain in these patients could lead to preservation or improvement of their balance. On the other hand, the same conclusion cannot be drawn for the effect of experimentally induced pain on kinesthesia and joint position sense due to the limited number of studies showing such an effect.
Willingness to pay price premium for products of Croatian family farms
Authors: Turčić Irena , Cerović Ljerka , Maradin Dario 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this research is to examine whether consumers in Croatia behave ethically, focusing on whether they believe that family farm products have ethical attributes and whether they are willing to pay a higher price (premium) for such products. Given the specificity of the market niche of family farm products, the paper provides an innovative and different view of the product market with a focus on characteristics rather than the good itself. In the paper, family farm products are viewed as goods with ethical attributes, ethics in consumer behavior is examined, as well as the extent to which consumers are willing to pay a price premium for an ethical good, i.e., its ethical attributes. The sample consisted of 143 participants aged between 20 and 71. The results show that consumers in Croatia commonly behave ethically, perceive the characteristics of family farm products as ethical and are willing to pay a price premium for these products. Women perceive family farm products more ethically, and consumers perceive family farm products to have ethical attributes regardless of how frequently they buy these products.
Bayesian Inference of Seismogenic Stress for the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake
Authors: Walbert Olivia Leigh , Hetland Eric Andreas 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We use a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation strategy to estimate the state of pre-earthquake stress from eight published coseismic slip models (CSMs) of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake. Our estimation relies on the Wallace–Bott assumption, which equates the direction of slip and the orientation of maximum shear stress along a fault plane, and is analogous to methods that infer stress from focal mechanisms. We infer the orientations and relative magnitudes of the principal components of tensorial stress preceding the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake as stress posterior probability density functions (PDFs). We find that the orientations of the principal stresses are well resolved, with weaker to no resolution of the relative magnitudes of the principal stresses. We form a nonmutually exclusive composite posterior PDF as an aggregate of the individual posterior PDFs estimated from each CSM, which allows for the true coseismic slip to be included in any or all of the CSMs. We find that the Kaikōura earthquake can be described by a homogeneous pre-earthquake tensorial stress, despite the complex pattern of slip on multiple fault segments. This state of crustal stress is best represented by an Andersonian thrust regime with a west-northwest–east-southeast trending, horizontal most compressive stress. In addition to describing the state of pre-earthquake stress, the nonmutually exclusive composite posterior PDF allows for the evaluation of the mechanical consistency of the features within CSMs, both individually and as an ensemble. The estimated stress posteriors allow for testing of the CSMs for consistency with known slip mechanisms on the Hope fault, as well as arbitration between differences in inferred slip presented by the CSMs.
GHANAIAN CLAY PRACTICES: A RETHINKING
Authors: Nortey Samuel , Bodjawah Edwin K. 
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses Ghanaian clay practices and how their histories and some practices limit their clay discourse, creating a disconnect from ecologies of practice. Western contemporary and academic ceramics communities acknowledge the present and historic lack of diversity and inclusion of Global south indigenous practice, a condition that has been constant since there has been a conception of “contemporary ceramics”. Documentation of art has been largely the exclusive province of art historians, yet, Ghana never had art history has a major in any Ghanaian university including Achimota School that was set up by the colonial government. There are several ceramic material sites but no processing industries for creating products. This paper signals a rethinking of forms, economic exchange, materiality and recommends that it is expedient to expand Ghanaian clay practice discourse in all forms to connect to the ecologies of practice by forward-thinking, looking at the indigenous ceramic medium outside the pigeonhole, and pushing the boundaries of conventional Ghanaian ceramics.