bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a 9-week arch support intervention on foot morphology in young soccer players： A crossover study
Authors: Hikawa Kohei , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Ueyama Takehiro , Yang jin , Hara Yukina , Torii Suguru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
A flat foot is a common cause of chronic sports injuries and therefore many opportunities for arch support interventions exist. However, no longitudinal studies have been conducted on the effects of arch support intervention on flat-footed young athletes that also take into account the developmental effects. This study aimed to determine the management and prevention methods for flat foot by performing a 9-week arch support intervention on the foot morphology and cross-sectional area of the foot muscles in flat-footed young athletes.
Methods
Thirty-one elementary school boys with a decreased medial longitudinal arch in the foot posture index were selected as participants from a local soccer club and randomly divided into two groups. In one group, in the intervention period, an existing arch supporter was used to provide arch support, while in the other group, no special intervention was provided in the observation period. To account for developmental effects, the intervention study was conducted as an 18-week crossover study in which the intervention and observational phases were switched at 9 weeks after the intervention. Foot morphology was assessed using a three-dimensional foot measuring machine, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal and external muscles of the foot was assessed using an ultrasound imaging device. We examined the effect of the intervention by comparing the amount of change in the measurement results between the intervention and observation periods using corresponding t-tests and other methods.
Results
After adapting the exclusion criteria, 14 patients (28 feet) were included in the final analysis. The CSA of the abductor hallucis muscle (ABH) increased 9.7% during the intervention period and 3.0% during the observation period (p = 0.01). The CSA of the flexor digitorum longus muscle(FDL)increased 7.7% during the intervention period and 4.2% during the observation period (p=0.02).
Conclusion
A 9-week arch supporter intervention may promote the development of the ABH and FDL CSA in young flat-footed soccer players.
Development and Application of a Motivating Factors Evaluation Scale for Family Doctors in China
Authors: Zhai Ziyan , Wang Yu , Lu Bo , Cui Chengsen , Meng Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
To establish a reasonable incentive mechanism for family doctors (FDs) and increase their work enthusiasm, it is necessary to evaluate the incentive status of FDs. At present, there is no scale evaluating motivating factors for FDs. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the status of FD incentives.
Methods
After a literature review and panel discussion, the initial evaluation tool of family doctor motivating factor was formed. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 4988 FDs from 135 community health centers (CHCs) in 8 districts of Beijing. SPSS 26.0 and M-plus 8.0 were used to carry out item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability evaluation of the data, and the developed scale was used for empirical research to evaluate the incentive level of FDs in Beijing.
Results
The scale included 18 items in 4 dimensions: incentive payment, individual development, work values, and the organizational environment. The variance explained by the four common factors was 83.78%. The results of the EFA and the CFA proved that the questionnaire had good validity. The Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.979. There were differences in FD incentive levels by region, age, educational level, professional title, working years, and employment method.
Conclusions
The family doctor motivating factor evaluation scale has good reliability and validity and can effectively evaluate motivating factors among FDs. The scale evaluation results show that the motivation of FDs with different demographic characteristics in Beijing is different in terms of incentive levels.
Factors Associated With the Difference in Hiv/aids Prevalence Between Male and Female Adolescents and Young Adults in Uganda
Authors: Kadubira Eriot , Atuhaire Leonard K. , Asiimwe John Bosco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The study was undertaken to identify factors associated with the difference in HIV/AIDS prevalence between Male and Female adolescents and young adults in Uganda. Identifying these factors, will help in designing appropriate HIV prevention strategies. Methods: The study used secondary data extracted from the Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey of 2011. Analysis of the data utilized a weighted total of 3068 females and 1887 males aged 15-24 years who were tested for HIV and have ever had sexual activities. A nonlinear logistic decomposition model was used to partition the contribution of each factor to the difference in HIV prevalence between female and male adolescents and young adults. Results: About 37% of the difference in HIV prevalence between male and female young adolescents and adults was due to a difference in composition (endowments) of covariates. Reducing the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among females to same levels as for the male, the difference in HIV prevalence would be lowered by 9%. If the proportion of females whose age at sexual debut between 20-24 years is reduced to same levels as that of the males, the difference in HIV prevalence would be reduced by about 9%. Lowering the proportion of females who are widowed or separated to same levels as for the males, the difference in HIV prevalence would lower by about 8%.Conclusions: Difference in HIV/AIDS prevalence between female and male adolescents and young adults is associated with higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among females. Therefore, HIV prevention programmes should urgently be formulated aimed at the prevention of sexually transmitted infections among female adolescent and young adults. Programmes targeted at delaying sexual activities should be formulated aimed at curbing age at sexual debut among female adolescents and young adults.
Identification of Impacts in the Town of San Pablo de Amalí, Ecuador, by Hidrotambo S.A.’s San José del Tambo Hydroelectric Power Plant by Means of a Multitemporal Analysis of Landscape Units for the Detection of Land Use Change Over 20 Years
Authors: Marín Jorge A Espinosa , C. Danilo Pérez , R. Rodrigo Fuentes , Riviera Diego , Conrad Rachel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study identifies the effects of land use change in the area of direct influence of the Dulcepamba River for hydroelectric production in relation to vegetation, river course, and damage to the population, among others, through multi-temporal analysis of satellite images 20- years old.
Do Fathers Have Son Preference in the United States? Evidence from Paternal Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Song Younghwan , Gao Jia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using data drawn from 2010, 2012, and 2013 American Time Use Survey Well-Being Modules, this paper examines the existence of son preference among fathers in the U.S. by estimating the effect of child gender on the fathers’ subjective well-being. A wide range of subjective well-being measures, including happiness, pain, sadness, stress, tiredness, and meaningfulness, is analyzed, and fixed-effects models are adopted to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity. The results from the full sample show that fathers feel less sad and tired when interacting with both sons and daughters versus with daughters only. In families with only one child, fathers report no difference in subjective well-being when spending time with a son versus with a daughter. By further stratifying this sample of fathers by child’s age of three, we continue to find no difference in paternal subjective well-being between being with a son and with a daughter when the child is younger than three. However, when the child is three or older, we find that fathers feel less stressed and more meaningful being with a son versus with a daughter. The results from Asian fathers, in contrast, show a tremendous reduction in stress in activities with sons only than with daughters only. These results indicate son preference does not exist in the general population. If there is any, it only exists among Asian fathers.
Statistical evidence for the contribution of citizen-led projects to the energy transition in Europe
Authors: Schwanitz Valeria Jana , Wierling August , Paudler Heather Arghandeh , von Beck Constantin , Dufner Simon , Koren Ingrid Knutsdotter , Kraudzun Tobias , Marcroft Timothy , Müller Lukas , Zeiss Jan Pedro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Statistical accounting of the impacts of citizen-led energy initiatives is absent. This paper quantifies the aggregate contributions of collective action in pursuit of the sustainable energy transition in Europe. We estimate the number of initiatives (10,540), projects (22,830), people involved (2,010,600), installed renewable capacities (7.2-9.9 GW), and investments made (6.2-11.3 billion EUR) for 30 European countries. Our aggregate estimates do not suggest that collective action will replace commercial enterprises and governmental action in the short or medium term without fundamental alterations to policy and market structures, however we find strong evidence for the historical, emerging, and actual importance of citizen-led collective action to the European energy transition.
Experiments on osmotically driven flow in idealized elastic membranes
Authors: Nakad Mazen , Domec Jean-Christophe , Sevanto Sanna , Katul Gabriel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The phloem provides a pathway for products of photosynthesis to be transported to different parts of the plant for consumption or storage. The Munch pressure flow hypothesis (PFH) is considered the leading framework to mathematically represent this transport. It assumes that osmosis provides the necessary pressure differences to drive the fluid flow and sucrose within the phloem. Mathematical models utilizing the PFH approximate the phloem by a relatively rigid semi-permeable tube. However, the phloem consists of living cells that contract and expand in response to pressure fluctuations. The effect of membrane elasticity on osmotically driven sucrose front speed has rarely been considered and frames the scope here. Laboratory experiments were conducted to elucidate the elastic-to-plastic pressure-deformation relation in membranes and their effect on sucrose front speeds. It is demonstrated that membrane elasticity acts to retard the sucrose front speed. The retardation emerges because some of the osmotic pressure performs mechanical work to expand the membrane instead of pressurizing water. These results offer a novel perspective about the much discussed presence of sieve plates throughout the phloem acting as structural dampers.
Nephron Sparing Surgery Outcomes in Wilms’ Tumor: is it Ready for Primetime?
Authors: Imam Nareena , Burjonrappa Sathyaprasad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Radical nephrectomy is the gold standard in Wilm’s tumor (WT) treatment and is combined with adjuvant treatment in early stage disease or performed after neo adjuvant therapy in advanced disease. With the development of novel adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapeutic strategies, there is increasing interest in organ preserving procedures in several adult malignancies. Potential long-term complications of living with a single kidney include hyperfiltration syndrome, hypertension, and fluid retention. If NSS (Nephron Sparing Surgery) were to be adopted for the treatment of WT it would be necessary to preserve the gains in Overall Survival (OS) seen with current treatment protocols. With this in mind we undertook a study of outcomes of NSS performed in the USA using a large population-based registry. Methods: We retrospectively queried the SEER Research Plus 18-registries Database 2010-2018 for patients 18 years old or younger with Wilms tumor as determined by ICD-O-3 code 8960. Clinical and demographic data was extracted, and statistical analysis was performed in GraphPad PRISM 9 with bivariate analysis and log-rank analysis to determine survival. Results:1087 patients with Wilms tumor were identified. 73 (6.72%) underwent nephron-sparing surgery. The final cohort consisted of 45 patients (64%) who underwent unilateral NSS and 25 patients (36%) who underwent bilateral NSS. Three were excluded from analysis due to non-renal origin of tumor. Mean age was 3.214 years (std dev 3.807). Demographics were similar between the groups, apart from younger age associated with bilateral tumor (p = 0.0441). No differences were found between radiation use (p=0.4280), chemotherapy use (0.5479), tumor size (p=0.2186), positive regional lymph nodes (p=0.5479). Log-rank analysis demonstrated that cancer-specific survival was not significantly different between unilateral and bilateral NSS or radical nephrectomy(p=0.4539). Conclusion: NSS may preserve renal function long-term, an important consideration in the pediatric population. Prospective study is necessary to select the appropriate patient subsets who may benefit from NSS in WT.
Induction of Phyllachora maydis (Maubl.) signs on corn leaves
Authors: Góngora-Canul Carlos , Jiménez-Beitia Fidel E. , Puerto-Hernández Carlos , Avellenada Mavir Carolina , Kleczewski Nathan , Telenko Darcy E. P. , Shim Sujoung , Solórzano José E. , Goodwin Stephen B. , Scofield Steven R. , Cruz C. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Tar spot is a foliar disease of corn caused by Phyllachora maydis, which produces signs in the form of stromata that bear conidia and ascospores. Phyllachora maydis cannot be cultured in media; therefore, the inoculum source for studying tar spot comprises leaves with stromata collected from naturally infected plants. Currently, there is no effective protocol to induce infection under controlled conditions. In this study, an inoculation method was assessed under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions to test whether stromata of P. maydis could be induced on corn leaves. Results: Experiments resulted in incubation periods ranging between 18 to 20 days and stromata development at the beginning of corn growth stage VT-R1 (silk). The induced stromata of P. maydis were confirmed by microscopy, PCR, or both. From thirteen experiments conducted, four (31%) resulted in the successful production of stromata. Statistical analyses indicate that if an experiment is conducted, there are equal chances of obtaining successful or unsuccessful infections. The information from this study will be valuable for developing more reliable P. maydis inoculation methods in the future.
Reduced lysosomal activity and increased amyloid beta accumulation in silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles-treated microglia
Authors: Shin Tae Hwan , Lee Gwang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Nanoparticles have been used in neurological research in recent years because of their blood-brain barrier penetration activity. However, their potential neuronanotoxicity remains a concern. In particular, microglia, which are resident phagocytic cells, are mainly exposed to nanoparticles in the brain.
Methods
We investigated the changes in lysosomal function in silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles containing rhodamine B isothiocyanate dye [MNPs@SiO2(RITC)]-treated BV2 murine microglial cells. In addition, we analyzed amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and molecular changes through the integration of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics (triple-omics) analyses.
Results
Aβ accumulation significantly increased in the 0.1 µg/µl MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated BV2 cells compared to the untreated control and 0.01 µg/µl MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated BV2 cells. Moreover, the MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated BV2 cells showed lysosomal swelling, a dose-dependent reduction in proteolytic activity, and an increase in lysosomal swelling- and autophagy-related protein levels. Moreover, proteasome activity decreased in the MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated BV2 cells, followed by a concomitant reduction in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). By employing triple-omics and a machine learning algorithm, we generated an integrated single molecular network including reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy, lysosomal storage disease, and amyloidosis. In silico analysis of the single triple omics network predicted an increase in ROS, suppression of autophagy, and aggravation of lysosomal storage disease and amyloidosis in the MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated BV2 cells. Aβ accumulation and lysosomal swelling in the cells were alleviated by co-treatment with glutathione (GSH) and citrate.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-induced reduction in lysosomal activity and proteasomes can be recovered by GSH and citrate treatment. These results also highlight the relationship between nanotoxicity and Aβ accumulation.
Unique case of pelvic congestion syndrome caused by a new communication branch of the portal-vena cava system
Authors: Zheng Wei , Sun Chun , Yang Jinming , Wu Yingfeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPS) is a developmental anomaly of the portal vein system. The disease can cause blood from the portal vein to flow into the vena cava, resulting in various atypical clinical manifestations. Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) caused by CPS is particularly rare.Case presentation: A young woman with PCS had an abnormal communicating branch of the left ovarian vein (OV). Her left OV drained normally into the left renal vein, and at the same time communicated with the portal vein, forming an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. With embolization of her left OV, the patient was cured of PCS.Conclusions: Adequate knowledge of vascular variants helps clinicians in their treatment.
Chemoprevention by Microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 against Orthotopic Colorectal Cancer Mice is Associated with Apoptosis and Anti-angiogenesis
Authors: Fareez Ismail M. , Lim Siong Meng , Ramasamy Kalavathy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been widely linked to gut dysbiosis, a compositional imbalance of gut microbiota due to unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits. Consumption of microencapsulated probiotic may potentially restore the compositional balance of gut microbiota in favour of prevention against CRC. In this regard, the present study was undertaken to determine the fate of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and thereafter evaluate the chemopreventive effect of microencapsulated L. plantarum LAB12 in vivo. The targeted release of L. plantarum LAB12 from Alg-based microcapsules at different gut sections were examined by means of confocal microscopy and qPCR. Microcapsules loaded with L. plantarum LAB12 remained intact in the stomach. Free L. plantarum LAB12 were present in abundance (> 7 log CFU) only in the intestines. Subsequently, the chemopreventive properties of microencapsulated L. plantarum LAB12 were validated against NU/NU nude mice bearing orthotopic transplanted CT-26 CRC. Orthotopic mice pre-supplemented with microencapsulated L. plantarum LAB12 were presented with significantly (p < 0.05) reduced tumour volume (-98.87%) and weight (-89.27%) when compared to control. The chemopreventive effect could be attributed to apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis mediated, at least in part, through upregulation of p53 (+ 45.4%) and caspase-3 (+ 82.4%), and downregulation of COX-2 (-57.9%), VEGF (-66.8%) and PECAM-1 (-64.1%). Altogether, this study strongly implied the possibility of having L. plantarum LAB12-loaded microcapsules safely incorporated into a wide variety of food and nutraceutical products for prevention against CRC.
CAC-WOA: Context Aware Clustering with Whale Optimization Algorithm for Knowledge Discovery from Multidimensional Space in Electricity Application
Authors: Ahire Prashant , Patil Pramod 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to the widespread use of smart metering infrastructure, multidimensional data on home electric consumption is easily available for studying its dynamics at finely resolved geographical and temporal scales. Effective forecasting and analysis of electric consumption are crucial for customer participation in time-of-use tariffs, critical peak pricing, and user-specific demand response programs derived from multidimensional data streams. Along with the enormous economic and sustainability ramifications, such as energy waste and the decarbonisation of the energy industry, precise consumption forecasts enable power system planning and reliable grid operations. Energy consumption forecasting is a hot field of research; despite the number of developed models, projecting electric consumption in residential buildings remains problematic owing to the significant unpredictability of occupant energy use behaviour. Discovering the electricity consumption knowledge from the Multi-Dimensional Data Streams (MDDS) of electricity logs is a challenging research problem. To end this, a novel electricity knowledge discovery model proposed from the MDDS using clustering and machine learning. Context-Aware Clustering with Whale Optimization Algorithm (CAC-WOA) is designed and explained in this research article. The CAC-WOA consists of two phases context-aware groups formation and WOA-based machine learning predictive model. In the CAC algorithm, group's formation using electricity contextual information to estimate the robust predictive features are proposed. Using such predictive features, the predictive model using the WOA-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is built. The modified ANN technique using the WOA algorithm is used to reduce the error rates and improve the prediction accuracy. The experimental outcomes using publically available electricity consumption datasets prove the efficiency of the CAC-WOA model.
A mathematical model for effective control and possible eradication of malaria
Authors: Adom-Konadu Agnes , Yankson Ernest , Naandam Samuel M. , Dwomoh Duah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model for the transmission and control of malaria is formulated. The main innovation in the model is that, in addition to the natural death rate of the vector (mosquito), a proportion of the prevention efforts also contributes to a reduction of the mosquito population. The motivation for the model is that in a closed environment, an optimal combination of the percentage of susceptible people needed to implement the preventative strategies (α) and the percentage of infected people needed to seek treatment can reduce both the number of infected humans and infected mosquito populations and eventually eliminate the disease from the community. Prevention effort α, was found to be the most sensitive parameter in the reduction of R0. Hence, numerical simulations were performed using different values of α to determine an optimal value of α that reduces the incidence rate fastest.It was discovered that an optimal combination that reduces the incidence rate fastest comes from about 40% of adherence to the preventive strategies coupled with about 40% of infected humans seeking clinical treatment as this will reduce the infected human and vector populations considerably.