bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion-scale Transition of Plasma Turbulence: Pressure–Strain Effect
Authors: Hellinger Petr , Montagud-Camps Victor , Franci Luca , Matteini Lorenzo , Papini Emanuele , Verdini Andrea , Landi Simone 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate properties of solar-wind-like plasma turbulence using direct numerical simulations. We analyze the transition from large, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scales to the ion characteristic ones using two-dimensional hybrid (fluid electrons and kinetic ions) simulations. To capture and quantify turbulence properties, we apply the Karman–Howarth–Monin (KHM) equation for compressible Hall–MHD (extended by considering the plasma pressure as a tensor quantity) to the numerical results. The KHM analysis indicates that the transition from MHD to ion scales (the so-called ion break in the power spectrum) results from a combination of an onset of Hall physics and an effective dissipation owing to the pressure–strain energy-exchange channel and resistivity. We discuss the simulation results in the context of the solar wind.
Estimating the Injection Duration of 20 MeV Protons in Large Western Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Li Gen , Lugaz Noé 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An ad hoc analytical calculation is presented to infer the duration of injection of 20 MeV protons in 21 selected western solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We convolve the solution of diffusion equation with a “triangle” source to model the time-intensity profiles over the onset and the peaking phase. The effects of “corotating” flux tubes and of solar wind convection are neglected. To accommodate these simplifications, only western events whose associated flares erupted between W15 and W90 are selected. The time-intensity profiles of these events are reconstructed from the timescales presented in Kahler (2005) and Kahler (2013) using the modified Weibull function. From the linear relation between the logarithm of the peak intensity and the logarithm of the fluence of 27–37 MeV protons presented in Kahler & Ling, we derive an optimal radial mean free path (λ
mfp) of 0.08 au and adopt this value to fit all selected events. The inferred duration of injection for the selected events, which in general increases with the initial speed of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) (V
cme), is less than 1 hr for V
cme < 1000 km s−1 and varies from a few to ∼10 hr for 1000 km s−1 < V
cme < 2000 km s−1. We then estimate the distance that the associated CMEs have traveled over the duration of injection. Most CMEs in selected events have traveled to less than 60 solar radii by the time the majority of accelerated particles have been injected into the interplanetary space.
The Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2016: Dynamical Modeling of Velocity-resolved Hβ Lags in Luminous Seyfert Galaxies
Authors: Villafaña Lizvette , Williams Peter R. , Treu Tommaso , Brewer Brendon J. , Barth Aaron J. , U Vivian , Bennert Vardha N. , Alexander Vogler H. , Guo Hengxiao , Bentz Misty C. , Canalizo Gabriela , Filippenko Alexei V. , Gates Elinor , Hamann Frederick , Joner Michael D. , Malkan Matthew A. , Woo Jong-Hak , Abolfathi Bela , Abramson L. E. , Armen Stephen F. , Bae Hyun-Jin , Bohn Thomas , Boizelle Benjamin D. , Bostroem K. Azalee , Brandel Andrew , Brink Thomas G. , Channa Sanyum , Cooper M. C. , Cosens Maren , Donohue Edward , Fillingham Sean P. , González-Buitrago Diego , Halevi Goni , Halle Andrew , Hood Carol E. , Horne Keith , Chuck Horst J. , de Kouchkovsky Maxime , Kuhn Benjamin , Kumar Sahana , Leonard Douglas C. , Loveland Donald , Manzano-King Christina , McHardy Ian , Michel Raúl , Kae B. Olaes Melanie , Park Daeseong , Park Songyoun , Pei Liuyi , Ross Timothy W. , Runco Jordan N. , Sánchez Javier , Scott Bryan , Sexton Remington O. , Shin Jaejin , Shivvers Isaac , Spencer Chance L. , Stahl Benjamin E. , Stegman Samantha , Stomberg Isak , Valenti Stefano , Walsh Jonelle L. , Yuk Heechan , Zheng WeiKang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have modeled the velocity-resolved reverberation response of the Hβ broad emission line in nine Seyfert 1 galaxies from the Lick Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) Monitoring Project 2016 sample, drawing inferences on the geometry and structure of the low-ionization broad-line region (BLR) and the mass of the central supermassive black hole. Overall, we find that the Hβ BLR is generally a thick disk viewed at low to moderate inclination angles. We combine our sample with prior studies and investigate line-profile shape dependence, such as

log

10

(
FWHM

/

σ
)

, on BLR structure and kinematics and search for any BLR luminosity-dependent trends. We find marginal evidence for an anticorrelation between the profile shape of the broad Hβ emission line and the Eddington ratio, when using the rms spectrum. However, we do not find any luminosity-dependent trends, and conclude that AGNs have diverse BLR structure and kinematics, consistent with the hypothesis of transient AGN/BLR conditions rather than systematic trends.
A Rapid and Large-amplitude X-Ray Dimming Event in a z ≈ 2.6 Radio-quiet Quasar
Authors: Liu Hezhen , Luo B. , Brandt W. N. , Huang Jian , Pu Xingting , Yi Weimin , Yu Li-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report a dramatic, fast X-ray dimming event in a z = 2.627 radio-quiet type 1 quasar, which has an estimated supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass of 6.3 × 109
M
⊙. In the high X-ray state, it showed a typical level of X-ray emission relative to its UV/optical emission. Then its 0.5–2 keV (rest-frame 1.8–7.3 keV) flux dropped by a factor of ≈7.6 within two rest-frame days. The dimming is associated with spectral hardening, as the 2–7 keV (rest-frame 7.3–25.4 keV) flux dropped by only 17%, and the effective power-law photon index of the X-ray spectrum changed from ≈2.3 to ≈0.9. The quasar has an infrared (IR)-to-UV spectral energy distribution and a rest-frame UV spectrum similar to those of typical quasars, and it does not show any significant long-term variability in the IR and UV/optical bands. Such an extremely fast and large-amplitude X-ray variability event has not been reported before in luminous quasars with such massive SMBHs. The X-ray dimming is best explained by a fast-moving absorber crossing the line of sight and fully covering the X-ray emitting corona. Adopting a conservatively small size of 5 GM
BH/c
2 for the X-ray corona, the transverse velocity of the absorber is estimated to be ≈0.9c. The quasar is likely accreting with a high or even super-Eddington accretion rate, and the high-velocity X-ray absorber is probably related to a powerful accretion-disk wind. Such an energetic wind may eventually evolve into a massive galactic-scale outflow, providing efficient feedback to the host galaxy.
Co-construire le savoir sur l’action enseignante : résultats et perspectives d’une enquête conduite avec des formateurs du contrat d’intégration républicaine
Authors: Burrows Alice , Pradeau Coraline 
Published: May 2022

Cet article propose une analyse de l’action enseignante de formateurs 1 de FLE intervenant dans le contrat d’intégration républicaine. Les sept participants ont été interviewés à deux reprises. Les premiers entretiens visaient à recueillir des récits de vie professionnelle, et à créer un espace de partage pour donner à voir des pratiques passées sous silence. Ces entretiens ont par la suite été représentés sous forme de carte mentale individuelle, présentant les actions glottopolitiques et les imaginaires de chaque participant. Cette cartographie a été présentée dans un deuxième entretien, dans une logique de co-construction du sens accordé aux expériences professionnelles. Ce travail a permis d’identifier des conflits entre identité professionnelle et personnelle, et parfois de reconstruire la diachronie personnelle d’actions enseignantes. L’article propose un bilan de cette enquête, des questionnements méthodologiques et des perspectives de recherche pour mener une immersion glottopolitique dans une démarche interventionniste co-construite, reposant sur des pactes de recherches équitables entre les participants et les chercheurs.
Pour une linguistique stratégique : points de vue militant et chercheur
Authors: Ramanitra Mahieu 
Published: May 2022

Pourquoi et comment la linguistique appliquée et la stratégie militante peuvent-elles poursuivre les mêmes buts, et au-delà de l’objectif flou de « combat », quels sont ces buts, ces points communs ? Leur point commun serait-il cet objectif pragmatique du « faire », de l’action sur, avec, pour et au plus proche du réel, qu’évoquent la notion de combat comme celle « d’application » (par opposition à des approches plus objectivistes ou modélisatrices) ? Mon hypothèse de départ sera que l’intérêt de la linguistique appliquée pour le combat peut reposer sur les fondements épistémologiques et sociaux que sont les linguistiques systémique, interactionnelle, et populaire, qui contiennent déjà, par leur fort lien au réel langagier et extra-langagier, les embryons d’une linguistique stratégique. Après avoir défini les termes de « linguiste populaire », « combat », « militant » et « stratégie » et leurs problématiques, nous expliquerons comment le manque de stratégie (au profit de l’action) des militantes et militants coïncide avec leur manque de scientificité (d’un point de vue linguistique) et comment la linguistique appliquée académique elle-même manque de clés de lecture stratégiques, même (et surtout) par rapport à des linguistes populaires militants. Nous verrons ensuite comment la linguistique peut apporter à la stratégie sa précision empirique et interactionniste et comment la stratégie peut apporter à la linguistique son analyse contextuelle et politique, que ce soit pour des objets de recherche... ou pour les combats institutionnels et surtout sociaux de la discipline.
Language situation and language policy in modern Russia
Authors: Yu. Mikhalchenko Vida 
Published: May 2022

L’article analyse l’état actuel des relations nationales et linguistiques en Russie : les communautés linguistiques d’un pays multinational, le fonctionnement et l’interaction des langues, leur application dans différentes sphères de communication sont examinées. L’auteur distingue cinq modèles de politique linguistique régionale qui mettent en œuvre les principes fondamentaux de la politique linguistique.
Qu’est-ce qui est dit corruption, une subtile gradation
Authors: Sidi Boumedine Rachid 
Published: May 2022

Pour bien comprendre l’ensemble du système de la corruption, il faut prendre comme hypothèses qu’il y a une sorte de symétrie entre la contrainte pour les uns de recourir à la corruption parce qu’ils sont « externes » aux réseaux, et la surabondance d’accès aux biens, pour les autres, selon le rang que l’on a en tant que préposé ou comme membre du réseau. La corruption est alors à la fois consubstantielle du système clientéliste et un outil de gestion des foules
Sport et mondialisation
Authors: Bang Shin Hyun , Thommes Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

En Chine, la promotion de grands spectacles urbains et de méga-événements sportifs repose sur un discours de « société harmonieuse ». La propagande nationaliste qui les accompagne vise à créer un sentiment d’unité et à apaiser le mécontentement sociopolitique provoqué par les inégalités, les tensions ethniques et la fracture entre les mondes urbain et rural. Une stratégie de déplacement des problèmes plutôt que de résolution de ceux-ci.
ONG
Authors: Luis Rocha José , Wayllace Ana Elia 
Published: May 2022

En Amérique centrale, la prolifération des ONG coïncide avec le retrait de l’État. Sont-elles pour autant des gestionnaires de la pauvreté, le symbole d’une victoire de Tocqueville sur Marx ou des évangélistes du libre-marché ? Nombre d’entre elles jouent un rôle critique et risqué de contre-pouvoirs, aux côtés des mouvements populaires. Mais elles opèrent aussi de fait comme le vecteur d’un managérialisme qui précarise le travail salarié.
ONG
Authors: Nassali Maria , Hérion Maurice 
Published: May 2022

La société civile ougandaise opère dans un cadre juridique de plus en plus restrictif et propice aux interférences politiques. En toile de fond, la volonté de réduire les voix critiques, mais aussi la rivalité dans la captation des ressources de la coopération. Bien des organisations se retranchent dans une attitude « apolitique ». Or, toute lutte pour la justice sociale est d’abord une lutte politique pour redéfinir les sujets et leurs droits.
De l’usage du genre
Authors: Agnes Flavia , Renard Céline 
Published: May 2022

En déposant un projet de loi criminalisant le « triple talaq », le gouvernement indien rompt avec les pratiques consultatives en matière de législation sur des matières communautaires. Visant officiellement à protéger la femme musulmane, cette initiative sert surtout l’image du Premier ministre. La démarche est sous-tendue par un imaginaire représentant la femme musulmane comme victime passive et l’homme musulman comme lubrique et barbare.
De l’usage du genre
Authors: Farris Sara , Rottenberg Catherine , Thommes Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

Le virage à droite du féminisme, opéré ces dernières années en Occident par des femmes d’influence, s’est nourri des convergences entre thèmes féministes, injonctions néolibérales et discours anti-émancipateurs. De cet enchevêtrement s’inspirent tant un « féminisme néolibéral » qu’un « féminisme suprémaciste occidental ». Les débats que ces courants capitalistes et xénophobes suscitent tendent à revigorer en retour les féminismes progressistes.
L’urgence écologique vue du Sud
Authors: Duterme Bernard 
Published: May 2022

Sortir par le haut des cinq dilemmes de la crise environnementale implique de la considérer d’urgence comme un enjeu central ; de prendre acte du fait que les populations les plus vulnérables ne sont pas nécessairement celles qui lui donnent priorité ; de faire valoir la dette écologique des (pays) riches à l’égard des (pays) pauvres ; de rejeter le business as usual , même « verdi » ; et d’opter résolument pour un changement de paradigme, sans snober les conditions sociales et politiques d’une transition régulée.
Covid-19 Lockdown: Impact on Online Gambling, Online Shopping, Web Navigation and Online Pornography
Authors: Zamboni Lorenzo , Carli Silvia , Belleri Marika , Giordano Rosaria , Saretta Giulia , Lugoboni Fabio 
Published: May 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and control measures may have had an impact on unpleasant emotions experimented during the lockdown (LD). This may have increased the number of hours spent online and could have impacted the quality of the enacted behavior, in terms of loss of control of Internet use. In this online survey, we were interested in measure how much loss of control was perceived regarding online gambling, online shopping, the fruition of online pornographic content and web navigation. Design and methods The online survey was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic in the post-lockdown and 1232 subjects participated in the survey. In the participating sample, healthcare workers (HW) were 43.1% of the sample, of which 18.7% were directly involved in the Coronavirus emergency, and 52.3% of the sample is not a HW. Only 0.6% of the sample gambled online and 37.5% of those reported losing control of their gambling mode. Most of the sample shopped online during the LD (70.1%), but only 7.2% of those lost control by buying and/or spending more than what they had set themselves. Results Significant data emerged showing that those who lost control while online shopping also lost control regarding the amount of time spent online (p<0.001); 21.6% of the sample, reported making use of online pornographic material during LD, 4.7% of them stated that the frequency increased and 5.1% reported losing control by having spent more money or more time than what was intended. Finally, 44.7% of the sample have experienced loss of control during the web navigation. Furthermore, during the LD 67.8% of the sample reports having experienced unpleasant emotions. Of these, 8.4% state that they enacted behaviors such as online gambling, online shopping, online pornographic material viewing and web navigation to counter their negative emotions. Interestingly, we found a correlation between loss of control during web navigation and online shopping and the emotional states “upset”, “scared” and “restless” (p<0.05). Conclusion To conclude, there was no significant increase in potentially addictive behaviors, nor an increase in loss of control of these behaviors when enacted online. However, the loss of control in online shopping and web navigation was significantly correlated to the unpleasant emotional states of nervousness, fear and restlessness, whereas those who reported feeling strong and able to handle the situation experienced a lower loss of control in their web navigation. These correlations may suggest that these online behaviors may act as modulators of unpleasant emotional states.
Annual Cost of Care of Parkinson's Disease and Its Determinants in North India – A Cost of Illness Study with Patient Perspective
Authors: Ola Vipin , Puri Inder , Goswami Divya , Vibha Deepti , Shukla Garima , Goyal Vinay , Srivastava Achal , Behari Madhuri 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive and disabling disorder, so the cost of illness may change with time. We aimed this study to know the annual cost of care of PD in India.

Methods:
After ethics approval, a prospective cohort study was conducted at the movement disorder clinic of tertiary care hospital for 2 years (2014–2016). The outcomes were a description of the total annual direct cost of Parkinson's disease including health care as well as non-health care cost. We also did correlation analysis to know the determinants of the total cost.

Results:
A total of 200 consecutive patients of PD with 141 (70.50%) males and 59 (29.50%) females with a mean age of 56.84 ± 10.51 years were enrolled. The annual Median Direct cost of care was INR 27,315.0 (IQR 13636.6–44908.4), whereas the Indirect cost was INR 21,400 (IQR 9800 – 96800). Cost on drugs (Direct health care) formed 68.50% (Median) of the total Direct cost. Total direct cost formed 11.38% of the Median total yearly income of our patients. Of the direct cost, the Median expenditure on drugs was INR 18,712.8 (8064.0 -30696.0). Only 5% of patients had health care insurance. The total direct cost was determined by the stage of Parkinson's disease and duration of disease (P = < 0.01) but not predicted by age, gender, age at onset, and the yearly income of patients.

Conclusion:
Annual cost of care of Parkinson's disease is high and increases with the duration of the disease as well as the progression of the disease.
Eremomastax speciosa and Eremomastax polysperma leaf fractions ameliorate the adverse effects of indomethacin in ovary and serum of treated rats
Authors: Mboso Ofonime E. , Iwara Iwara A. , Maharjan Rukesh , Uboh Friday , Eyong Eyong U. 
Published: May 2022

Background and objective

Eremomastax speciosa and Eremomastax polysperma plants potentially contain bioactive principles against reproductive toxicants and oxidative stress. Thus, the ameliorative action of methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of E. speciosa and E. polysperma leaves on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and oxidative-stressed states in indomethacin-induced rat tissues have been performed.

Materials and methods
The dried-leaf extract of E.speciosa and E. polysperma was subjected to liquid–liquid fractionation to obtain the ethyl acetate and methanol fractions. The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions were respectively administered orally to rats (200 mg/kg), 30 min, and 10 h after subcutaneous injection with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) for 4 days. The postadministration of E. speciosa and E. polysperma fractions was used to determine their effect on ovarian and serum COX-2 concentration, ovarian malondialdehyde, and ovarian nitric oxide concentrations.

Results and conclusion

E. speciosa and E. polysperma fractions significantly (P<0.05) increased the concentration of COX-2 in ovaries and serum compared with the group treated with indomethacin only. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in all the animal groups posttreated with plant fractions compared with indomethacin only. Histological assessment of the ovary showed proliferating ovarian follicles and mature Graafian follicles in the groups treated with the plant fractions, while the indomethacin-only group showed scanty primary follicles. These results showed that E. speciosa and E. polysperma leaf fractions mediated their protective effect on the ovaries and serum through the regulated COX-2 action and inhibited indomethacin-induced oxidative stress.
A linguagem imagética no ensino de Geografia: uma proposta de estudo da paisagem com estudantes da E.E. Professor José Fernandes Machado
Authors: Ataíde Solange Maria Miranda Fernandes de , Fernandez Pablo Sebastian Moreira 
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo tem como tema central a utilização da linguagem audiovisual enquanto possibilidade didática no estudo do conceito de Paisagem na Geografia, refletindo a respeito da inserção e impactos das tecnologias de reprodução e produção audiovisual na sociedade e, sobretudo na escola expondo o caráter efêmero das redes marcado pela velocidade da informação, dificultando aos jovens de hoje construir uma base sólida de conhecimentos, expondo dentro desta conjuntura, um estudo teórico da Paisagem no contexto da Geografia acadêmica e escolar, assim como sua abordagem a partir da linguagem audiovisual direcionando para um uso didático suas tecnologias cotidianas, inserindo-as em um contexto educacional de potências de aprendizagem através de experiências com a produção de vídeos, levando em conta o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências no campo da aprendizagem atreladas a cultura videográfica, e por fim fazer uma breve reflexão sobre o caráter de parceria entre professores e alunos na construção de conhecimento através do uso da linguagem audiovisual no ambiente escolar e de espaços não formais de aprendizagem.
THE IMPACT OF THE SHIFT TO ONLINE EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON EFL LEARNERS’ AUTONOMY
Authors: Kassem Hassan M. 
Published: May 2022

Saudi EFL learners have been traditionally described as non-autonomous. During the coronavirus pandemic, Saudi universities shifted to online education. Scholars maintain that online education by its very nature enhances learner autonomy. The current study, that was conducted after students received three semesters of online education, aimed to explore the effect of the shift to online education on Saudi college EFL learners’ autonomy. It also investigated gender differences in learner autonomy. Both quantitative data by means of a self-report questionnaire (N=306) and qualitative data by means of a semi-structured online interview (N=20) were collected and analyzed. Quantitative data revealed that Saudi college EFL learners are autonomous (with a total mean of 4.02 out of 5). This mean is much higher than the means obtained in studies conducted before the shift to online education. Females outperformed males in just one dimension of learner autonomy, autonomous learning enjoyment. No gender differences were found in the other dimensions of learner autonomy or total learner autonomy. Qualitative data analysis indicated that students attributed to online education improvement in five important aspects of their learner autonomy, namely, goal setting and organization of study time, the use of the Internet and social media as learning resources, the use of performance feedback, self-assessment and computer skills. An aspect that witnessed some improvement but still has room for much improvement is reflection on learning.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0926/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>