bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agonistic responses to potential co‐foundresses in a cooperatively brooding quasi‐social parasitoid
Authors: Guo Xiaomeng , Zhou Bingying , Zhao Rina , Meng Ling , Hardy Ian , Li Baoping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSociality is not common among parasitoid hymenopterans, but members of the ectoparasitoid genusSclerodermus(in the aculeate family Bethylidae) may form multi‐foundress groups, producing and tending a single brood (of combined parentage) on a large host until offspring maturity. While individual foundresses can benefit more from reproducing within groups rather than alone, recent studies have indicated that there are conflicts of interest between co‐foundresses at the time of host suppression and during brood production, some of which may be mediated by intrinsic or acquired dominance. Evidence for overtly agonistic interactions has, however, been lacking.Here, we report that residentSclerodermus guaniXiao et Wu females that have suppressed a host, can either accept introduced intruder females as co‐foundresses without aggression or repel, and even kill, intruders by biting and stinging them.Residents were more likely to exhibit aggression when they had commenced oviposition, when more days had passed since oviposition, when they were larger than the intruder, when the intruder was a non‐sibling, or when they were the sole resident rather than being in a group of two residents.We conclude that cooperatively brooding inSclerodermuscan be conditional on the evolutionary interests of foundresses with temporal priority on a host and their ability to repel potential co‐foundresses.
Growth variation along a dispersal gradient in juvenile rainbow trout
Authors: Monnet Gauthier , Rosenfeld Jordan S. , Richards Jeffrey G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe behavioural and metabolic attributes that favour post‐emergence dispersal by larval fish may differentiate juvenile phenotypes along downstream ecological gradients in riverine systems, but the extent to which fish with contrasting dispersal capacities differ in underlying metabolic, behavioural and life‐history traits remains unclear. In this study, we used common environment experiments to evaluate the extent of inter‐individual differentiation in growth rate, metabolic performance (active metabolism [maximum metabolic rate, MMR], temperature tolerance [CTmax]) and behaviour (emergence time, exploration, sociability) associated with the downstream dispersal of juvenile trout along a 50 km reach of the Lardeau River (British Columbia) characterised by multiple ecological gradients (i.e. distance from the emergence area, water temperature and prey abundance). Growth rate of fish reared under common environment satiation conditions in the laboratory was significantly lower at the most downstream site, which was consistent with an upstream‐to‐downstream gradient of decreasing prey availability, whereby faster‐growing fry were present in the more productive upstream habitats of the upper Lardeau River. In contrast with growth, temperature tolerance (i.e. CTmax) and traits associated with active movement (i.e. MMR, boldness, exploration, sociability) did not differ among individuals or clearly map onto upstream‐to‐downstream gradients of water temperature and distance travelled during dispersal. These results suggest that spatial differentiation of juvenile phenotypes following post‐emergence dispersal may reflect a sorting process where variation in attributes like growth matches the productivity of the terminal habitat, rather than behavioural or metabolic attributes that might promote dispersal (e.g. proactive behaviours and active metabolism).
The association of age and adverse events of PEG‐asparaginase in a pediatric tertiary care hospital; a retrospective review
Authors: Abbott Lesleigh , Claveau Maia , Tang Ken , Cameron Jameason , Goulet Genevieve 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients have a better survival rate for lymphoid malignancies than adolescents and young adult patients (AYA) and current evidence suggests that asparaginase plays a role in improved response to treatment. This study aimed to evaluate if increasing age as a continuous variable demonstrated increasing toxicities to PEG‐asparaginase (PEG‐ASP) for those patients treated at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.MethodsA retrospective chart review from 2007 to 2017 was conducted in the pediatric population at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO). Patients having received PEG‐ASP were included. Event incidence and risk related to age at diagnosis were assessed through parameter estimates and Wald chi‐square analysis.ResultsIn total, 75 adverse events were observed: 34/186 (18.3%) experienced allergic reactions, 8/186 (4.3%) pancreatitis, 31/186 (16.7%) thrombosis, and 2/186 (1.1%) hemorrhage. One hundred and eighty two patients had complete information for inclusion in our model. A correlation between age at diagnosis and higher risk of allergic reaction (p < .001) and pancreatitis (p < .035) was observed.ConclusionAllergic reaction and pancreatitis following administration of PEG‐ASP have a higher risk of occurrence as age of diagnosis increases up to 18 years of age. This includes the lower limit of traditionally defined AYA population of 15–39 and warrants precaution as PEG‐ASP is included in older populations treatment regimens at pediatric centers.
Cover crop residue influence on soil N2O and CO2 emissions under wetting‐drying intensities: An incubation study
Authors: Panday Dinesh , Saha Debasish , Lee Jaehoon , Jagadamma Sindhu , Adotey Nutifafa , Mengistu Alemu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnder increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, the natural wet‐dry cycles of different intensities can induce soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformation and may contribute to increased nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from cultivated soils. While cover crop residue addition is a viable strategy to improve soil health, their impacts on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially N2O emissions, in response to wetting‐drying intensities have received limited attention. A 3‐factorial laboratory incubation was conducted using soils from a long‐term experiment to examine cover crop residue roles on N2O and CO2 emissions when exposed to different intensities of wetting‐drying cycles. These factors included (i) cover crop residue (3 levels): no cover crop, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), (ii) wetting intensity (2 levels): 70% and 90% water‐filled pore space (WFPS), and (iii) drying intensity (2 levels): 10% and 40% WFPS. All treatments received the same amount of N fertiliser as urea equivalent to 100 kg N ha−1. We measured N2O and CO2 fluxes, N2O isotopomer composition, as well as dynamics of soil WFPS and biogeochemical changes after wetting. While cover crop residue addition generally exhibited higher CO2 emissions than the no cover crop treatment under all wetting‐drying intensities, their impact on N2O was more nuanced and contingent on cover crop residue type and wetting‐drying intensity. When wetted to 70% WFPS, crimson clover amended soils produced the largest daily and cumulative N2O emissions, whereas soil amended with winter wheat residues had comparable emissions to the no cover crop treatment. In contrast, cover crop residues, especially winter wheat, significantly decreased N2O emissions under extreme wetting to 90% WFPS which was often dominated by denitrification and nitrifier denitrification processes (except in winter wheat when wetted from 10% WFPS). Our results suggest that winter wheat cover crop residues mixed with N fertiliser could provide reliable N2O mitigation benefits under variable soil moisture conditions.Highlights
Cover crop effects on N2O emissions from soil with varied wetting‐drying intensities were studied
Increased risks of N2O emissions with increasing intensity of wetting of dry soils
Crimson clover produced higher N2O emissions than no cover crop when wetted to 70% WFPS
Cover crops mixed with N fertiliser reduced N2O emissions than no cover crop when wetted to 90% WFPS
Novel RNA polymerase I inhibitor CX‐5461 suppresses imiquimod‐induced experimental psoriasis
Authors: Wu Xiao , Yin Qihui , Wang Jie , Dai Chaochao , Wang Jianli , Guo Xiaosun , Jiang Fan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClinical treatment of psoriasis remains challenging because of possible long‐term drug toxicities and loss of therapeutic effects over time. CX‐5461 is a novel selective inhibitor of RNA polymerase I. Our previous studies have shown that CX‐5461 has potent anti‐inflammatory effects. Here we investigated whether CX‐5461 could inhibit the development of imiquimod‐induced experimental psoriasis in mice. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were used, and psoriasis‐like lesions were induced by topical imiquimod treatment. In vivo, we demonstrated that topical application of CX‐5461 prevented the development of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis, with decreases in keratinocyte proliferation, T‐cell infiltration and pathological angiogenesis. CX‐5461 also reversed existing skin inflammation induced imiquimod and retarded the development of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. In vitro, CX‐5461 induced cell cycle arrest in keratinocytes, inhibited expressions of interleukin‐17, interleukin‐23 receptor and retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor‐γt in activated T cells, and reduced angiogenic functions of endothelial cells. In conclusion, CX‐5461 exhibits therapeutic effects on experimental psoriasis in mice, likely via multiple mechanisms including anti‐proliferative, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic activities.
High cycle and very high cycle fatigue properties and microscopic crack growth modeling of Ti‐6.5Al‐3.5Mo‐1.5Zr‐0.3Si titanium alloy at elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Cheng , Li Wei , Yuan Shihua , Li Xiaolong , Cai Liang , Zhang Yucheng , Hu Tianyi , Mo Zhenglin , Lashari Muhammad Imran , Hamid Usama 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulsating tension fatigue tests were conducted at 25°C, 150°C, and 250°C to investigate the effect of temperature on high cycle and very high cycle fatigue behavior of titanium alloy. The fatigue strength decreases with the increase of temperature, and the surface failure is more sensitive to temperature than interior failure. Afterwards, the fatigue fracture morphology, microstructure, and texture of titanium alloy were characterized. The results show that the fracture of larger αp phase with the maximum shear stress and higher strain concentration is responsible for the facet formation. The formation of facets leads to the interior failure at different temperatures. Finally, combining with the definition of interior crack growth rate, an assessment approach was proposed to predict the crack growth rate within the inhomogeneous microstructure area (IMA), which takes crack growth acceleration caused by the increase of temperature into consideration.
Social capital and dental service use in older Brazilians
Authors: Campagnol Patrícia Bastianello , do Amaral Júnior Orlando Luiz , Fagundes Maria Laura Braccini , Menegazzo Gabriele Rissotto , Neves Matheus , Maroneze Marília Cunha , do Amaral Giordani Jessye Melgarejo 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of dental services use and its association with social capital among Brazilian older adults.BackgroundHealth inequities can be explained by the social determinants of health, which are the social, environmental, cultural and behavioural factors that directly or indirectly affect people's health. Among these determinants is social capital, that seem to affect health behaviours, such as use of dental services among older adults.Materials and methodsThis was a cross‐sectional study using baseline data from the Longitudinal Study of the Health of the Brazilian Elderly, nationally representative of people aged 50 years or older. The baseline survey was carried out between 2015 and 2016, using structured questionnaires. The dependent variable was use of dental services in the last year. The main exposure variable was social capital, assessed through two dimensions: structural and cognitive. The covariates used were sex, skin colour, age, education, wealth, need for dental treatment, self‐perception of oral health, tooth loss, type of dental services used, reason for dental care, smoking and alcohol consumption. Descriptive analyses and Poisson regression modelling were used.ResultsThe sample consisted of 9323 individuals. The prevalence of dental services use was 32.6% (95% CI: 30.7–34.5). No associations were found between social capital and the use of dental services.ConclusionThis study did not find an association between structural and cognitive social capital and dental services use in Brazilian older adults. Further researches using instruments with different assessments of social capital are needed.
Antimicrobial potential of new diclofenac hydrogels for disinfection in regenerative endodontics: An in vitro and ex vivo study
Authors: Ruiz‐Linares Matilde , Monroy‐Rojas Javier F. , Solana Carmen , Baca Pilar , Aguado Beatriz , Soriano‐Lerma Ana , Arias‐Moliz María Teresa , Ferrer‐Luque Carmen María 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThere is a need to explore new alternatives for root canal disinfection in regenerative endodontics, since the current strategies are far from ideal. Currently, the potential use of diclofenac (DC) is being investigated for controlling root canal infections. The objective was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of novel DC‐based hydrogels (DCHs) against polymicrobial biofilms grown in radicular dentine and root canals and to compare results with triantibiotic (TAH) and diantibiotic (DAH) hydrogels, and calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2).MethodologyThe in vitro antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments was evaluated against 3‐week‐old polymicrobial root canal biofilms grown on human radicular dentine. Dentine samples were obtained and randomly divided into the study groups (n = 4/group): (1) 1 mg/ml TAH; (2) 1 mg/ml DAH; (3) 5% diclofenac (DCH); (4) 2.5% DCH; (5) 1.25% DCH; (6) 1 mg/ml DAH + 5% DCH; (7) Ca(OH)2 paste; (8) positive control. The microbial viability, in terms of percentage of intact cell membranes, was assessed after 7 days by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The ex vivo efficacy of intracanal medications was evaluated in root canals infected with a polymicrobial suspension. Intracanal microbiological samples at baseline (S1) and 7 days post‐treatment (S2) were taken; microbial quantification and cell viability were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry (FC). The mean Log10 of bacterial DNA copies in root canal samples before (S1) and the Log10 reduction of DNA copies S1–S2 in qPCR were recorded. The absolute value of total cells stained, and the percentage reduction of intact membrane cells after treatment (S1–S2), were analysed by FC. Global comparison was done using the Kruskal–Wallis test, whilst the Mann–Whitney U test was used for pair‐by‐pair comparison.ResultsConfocal scanning laser microscopy analysis indicated that the greatest effectiveness was obtained with 5% DCH, showing significant differences with respect to the other groups (p < .001). In root canals, the highest Log10 DNA reduction S1–S2 was obtained with 5% DCH and TAH, with no differences between them. The results of FC showed that only 5% DCH proved significantly superior to the other treatments.ConclusionsSodium DC hydrogels demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy against endodontic biofilms.
Extension of MAX phases from ternary carbides and nitrides (X = C and N) to ternary borides (X = B, C, and N): A general guideline
Authors: Zhou Yanchun , Xiang Huimin , Hu Chunfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough significant progress has been made on understanding the structure–property relationship of MAX phases, a clear answer has not been given to the outstanding question whether MAX phases can be extended from carbides and nitrides (X = C and N) to borides (X = B). Herein, based on the systematically investigations on the general trend of lattice constants and elastic properties of the experimentally found MX and M2AX (X = B, C, and N) with the valence electron concentration (VEC), a guideline for the discovery of new MAX borides is given. The MX and M2AX (X = B, C, and N) compounds are situated in a small range of VEC, and their lattice constants generally decrease with VEC. Second‐order elastic constants c11, c33, and bulk modulus B of M2AX (X = B, C, and N) increase with VEC due to enhanced bonding, c44 and G, however, increase up to some critical values and then decline with the further increase of VEC. Based on the electronic structure–elastic property relationship and the presence of rock salt–structured transition metal monoborides, nine possible MAX phase borides M2AB (M = Zr, Hf, Nb, A = P, As, and Sb) are predicted. Thus, MAX phases can be extended from X = C and N to X = B, C, and N.
Fabrication of c‐axis–oriented AlN bulk ceramics using a rotating magnetic field
Authors: Suzuki Tohru S. , Kobayashi Kiyoshi , Uchikoshi Tetsuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractControlling the crystallographic orientation in bulk ceramics is expected to improve their properties that depend on the axis of the crystal structure. The development of crystallographic orientation using a magnetic field has been reported in various types of bulk ceramics with anisotropic crystal structures. In this study, c‐axis–oriented AlN bulk ceramics were prepared by slip casting in a rotating high magnetic field. The c‐axes of 61% of the grains were aligned within 20°. Due to this orientation, the thermal conductivity of AlN was improved. A thermal conductivity difference of approximately 14% at room temperature was observed for the samples with different orientation axes, which is higher than its intrinsic anisotropy.
The alternative Thomas‐plot: A new tool for effective anemia diagnostics
Authors: de Leur Kitty , Pouw Nadine M. C. , Lopez Jordy , Waals‐Prinzen Lenneke , Ceelie Huib , van der Zwan‐van Beek Ellen M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Thomas‐plot has proven to be a helpful tool to discriminate between different types of anemia. This plot combines the reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret‐He) with the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log ferritin (fer) ratio. In this study, we designed an alternative Thomas‐plot in which Ret‐He is combined with the transferrin (Tf)/log ferritin ratio. We validated both Thomas‐plots in a population of anemic patients and compared the performance to the current laboratory diagnostics of anemia.MethodsA total of 536 anemic patients were included. The first 188 patients were used to generate ROC curves to define the optimal cut‐off values for both Thomas‐plots. With the following 348 patients included we studied the performance of the alternative and classical Thomas‐plots compared to current anemia diagnostics.ResultsCut‐off values were defined (Ret‐He: 31.2 pg, sTfR/log(fer): 0.91, and Tf/log(fer): 1.71). With both Thomas‐plots the amount of e causa ignota (ECI) cases dropped from 39% to 27%. A more in depth analysis on the iron status of anemia of chronic disease (ACD) patients and a subdivision between latent and classical iron deficiencies could be made with the help of both plots. A shift from classical iron deficiency anemia (IDA) cases according to the classical Thomas‐plot toward functional IDA according to the alternative Thomas‐plot was observed.ConclusionThe alternative Thomas‐plot is an effective tool that gives a more in depth view on the iron status of anemic patients. In addition, it is easier to implement due to the use of transferrin rather than the soluble transferrin receptor.
BDNF is a prognostic biomarker involved in immune infiltration of lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with brain metastasis
Authors: Yu Qian , Wang Yitian , Yi Guangming , Yang Wendi , Chen Kehong , Tan Xiangwu , Zhang Xiaoyue , Xu Zaicheng , Yang Zhenzhou , Peng Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Brain metastases are a common complication of a wide range of human malignancies, particularly lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, has been linked to several human malignancies and has been shown to promote LUAD tumorigenesis. However, its function in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) remains largely unexplored, especially in complex brain tissue environments. In this study, BDNF was found to be particularly increased in patients with advanced tumour stage, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis, indicating a correlation with LUAD progression. We characterized the prognostic value of BDNF and defined BDNF as an unfavourable prognostic indicator through a common driver gene‐independent mechanism in LUAD. Furthermore, patients with increased BDNF levels in primary LUAD might have a higher risk of developing brain metastasis (BM), and central nervous system (CNS) metastasis showed an elevated expression of BDNF compared to their matched primary lesions. Additionally, we investigated the interaction between BDNF and infiltrating immune cells in both primary lesions and paired BM using multiplex immunostaining. The results showed that BDNF might drive an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) by re‐education of tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) toward a pro‐tumorigenic M2 phenotype, particularly in BM. Our findings demonstrate that BDNF serves as an independent potential prognostic marker and correlates with BM in LUAD. As it is closely related to TAM polarization, BDNF may be a promising immune‐related biomarker and molecular target in patients with LUAD.
Outcomes of preformed metal crowns placed with the conventional and Hall techniques: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chua Doris Ruyi , Tan Bing Liang , Nazzal Hani , Srinivasan Narashimhan , Duggal Mandeep Singh , Tong Huei Jinn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreformed metal crowns (PMCs) have been used to restore carious primary molars and have a high success and survival rate. There are two methods currently employed for PMC placement ‐ the conventional technique (CT) and Hall technique (HT).AimThis systematic review aims to compare the outcomes of PMCs placed using the CT and HT.DesignThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis statement. A literature search of five databases was performed up to 23 August 2022. Clinical studies comparing carious primary molars restored with PMCs using either technique with a minimum 12‐month follow‐up were included. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was performed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment tool.ResultsFive articles met the inclusion criteria, and four were included for meta‐analysis. The 12‐ and 24‐month success and survival rates were above 85% for both groups, with no significant differences shown at 12 and 24 months. The HT requires a shorter treatment duration, is more cost‐effective and has a high level of acceptability among parents when compared to the CT. Four articles were rated fair, and one article was rated good in the RoB assessment.ConclusionGreater consideration may be given towards using the HT as part of standard treatment procedures in managing carious primary molars. Future studies should standardise reporting of outcomes to facilitate a more homogeneous pool of data for future meta‐analysis.