bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supported photocatalyst for Cr (VI) conversion and removal of organic pollutants
Authors: Xu Nan , Chen Jingshan , Hu Chunyan , Zhu Zhijia , Wang Wei , Liu Baojiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The photocatalytic property of available semiconductor catalysts still suffer from some urgent problems, such as the high excitation energy, easy agglomeration of powders, and or the weak recycling property. Therefore, developing the novel visible light supported catalysts and catalyst loading have aroused great attention recently. BiVO4, as a hot-spot semiconductor photocatalytic material, bears the advantages of strong visible light absorption capacity, narrow band gap and fast carrier generation rate. However, the carrier recombination rate is fast and the efficiency is low, so it needs to be modified before its use. In this study, a novel BiVO4/Ag3PO4/MWCNTs @Cotton functional fabric was prepared by introducing Ag3PO4 as plasma resonance photocatalyst and MWCNTs and cotton as composite substrates. The results showed that BiVO4/Ag3PO4/MWCNTs @cotton retained the high photocatalytic efficiency of the powder catalyst, along with the degradation degree of active blue KN-R as well as Cr (VI) could reach 92% within 120 min, and it could be reused for 5 times. Free radical scavenging experiments showed that functional fabrics could produce active substances such as h+,·O2- and·OH. The introduction of Ag3PO4 and MWCNTs effectively improved the application ability of BiVO4, inhibited the recombination of carriers and promoted the transport of carriers. The research can provide some study directions for the development of photocatalytic technology in the future.
“I never should have been a doctor”: A Qualitative Study of Imposter Phenomenon among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Chodoff Alaina , Conyers Lynae , Wright Scott , Levine Rachel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Imposter phenomenon is common among medical trainees and may influence learning and professional development. The authors sought to describe imposter phenomenon among internal medicine residents.
Methods: In 2020, using emailed invites we recruited a convenience sample of 28 internal medicine residents from a teaching hospital in Baltimore, Maryland to participate in an exploratory qualitative study. In one-on-one interviews, informants described experiences of imposter phenomenon during residency training. Using thematic analysis to identify meaningful segments of text, the authors developed a coding framework and iteratively identified and refined themes. Informants completed the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale.
Results: Informants described feelings and thoughts related to imposter phenomenon, the contexts in which they developed and the impact on learning. Imposter phenomenon has profound effects on residents including: powerful and persistent feelings of inadequacy and habitual comparisons with others. Distinct contexts shaping imposter phenomenon included: changing roles with increasing responsibilities; constant scrutiny; and rigid medical hierarchy. Learning was impacted by inappropriate expectations, difficulty processing feedback, and mental energy diverted to impression management.
Discussion: Internal medicine residents routinely experience imposter phenomenon; these feelings distort residents’ sense of self confidence and competence and may impact learning. Modifiable aspects of the clinical learning environment exacerbate imposter phenomenon and thus can be acted upon to mitigate imposter phenomenon and promote learning among medical trainees.
Minimal-entropy velocity estimation from GPS position time series
Authors: Saleh Jarir , Williams Simon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We propose a nonparametric method based on minimal-entropy for estimating an optimal velocity and its realistic variance from a position time series of unknown noise. We show based on simulations that minimal-entropy derived velocity is accurate and its uncertainty is realistic in the presence of colored noise. We then show that entropy and hence the proposed method is unaffected by periodic loading effects and use 130 CORS GPS time series to numerically verify that the proposed method is even more conclusive, reaching less scattered results, than existing methods for short time series. Although the presence of discontinuities complicates everything, we demonstrate by simulation that minimal-entropy velocity estimation offers a theory for handling discontinuities if they are viewed as independent binary random variables. This offers a new tool for investigating the effect of increasing number of step discontinuities on velocity estimation. Finally, viewing the timing variable as a random variable, uniformly distributed in the case of no data gaps or not if gaps do exist, offers a tool for dealing with the effect of data gaps (or the so-called “censored data”) on velocity estimation. The entropy of a stochastic process is a single unique quantity of the process which expresses its irreducible complexity/uncertainty, beyond which there is no simplification (or “compression”). It is based on the probability density function (pdf) of the process rather than only one or two of its moments, thus it senses all stochastic properties related to variations within the series. Because it is nonparametric, the proposed method neither requires appriori knowledge the type of stochastic noise contaminating the position time series nor its pdf.
Risk Stratification Based on Acute-on-chronic liver failure in cirrhotic patients hospitalized with acute variceal bleeding
Authors: Jiang Hui-Qing , Zhu Zongyi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and aims: Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a life-threatening complication of cirrhosis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in the risk stratification of cirrhotic patients hospitalized with AVB.
Methods: Prospective data of 417 consecutive cirrhotic patients hospitalized with AVB were retrospectively collected and analyzed. ACLF was defined by European Association for the Study of Liver-Chronic Liver Failure Consortium (EASL-CLIF-C) and diagnosed/graded with chronic liver failure-organ failure score.
Results: A total of 218 (52.2%) patients were diagnosed with EASL-ACLF (grade 1: 18.3%, grade 2: 32.2%, grade 3: 49.5%) at admission. The cumulative 6-week survival rate in patients with ACLF was significantly lower than those without (53.2% vs. 88.9%, P<0.001) and decreased in line with the severity of ACLF (P <0.001). In multivariate analysis, presence of ACLF remained as an independent risk factor for 6-week mortality after adjusting for confounding factors (HR =2.74, p<0.001). CLIF-C ACLF and CLIF-C AD outperformed traditional prognosis scores in the prediction of 6-week mortality in patients with and without ACLF, respectively.
Conclusion: ACLF at admission is an independent predictor for the 6-week mortality in cirrhotic patients with AVB. For AVB patients with and without ACLF, CLIF-C ACLF and CLIF-C AD outperformed other prognostic scores in the prediction of 6-week mortality, respectively.
Genomic epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from children’s hospital in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Patil Sandip , Chen Xiaowen , Mai Huirong , Lian Ma , Lopes Bruno Silvester , Liu Sixi , Wen Feiqiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a global threat worldwide. We studied the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance mechanisms in 294 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from a paediatric hospital.
Methods
Isolates were identified using an API-20 kit and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK®2 compact. β-lactamases, plasmid types and sequence types were determined by PCR and sequencing. The double-disc diffusion method for ESBL was performed.
Results
56% (n = 164) isolates were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam followed by cefepime 40% (n = 117), ceftazidime 39% (n = 115), imipenem 36% (n = 106), meropenem 33% (n = 97), ciprofloxacin 32% (n = 94). 42% (n = 126) isolates were positive for ESBL by double-disc diffusion. The blaCTX-M-15 cephalosporinase was observed in 32% (n = 40/126) while 26% (n = 33/126) were positive for blaNDM-1 carbapenemase. Aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(3)IIIa was observed in 16% (n = 20/126) and glycylcycline resistance gene tetA(Aa) in 12% (n = 15/126) of the isolates. A total of 23 sequence types were detected, ST1963, 12% (n = 16) followed by ST381, 11% (n = 14); ST234, 10% (n = 13; ST145, 58% (n = 10); ST304, 57% (n = 9); ST663 5% (n = 7) and a novel strain. In ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa, 12 different Incompatibility groups (Inc) were observed, the most common being IncFI, IncFIS and IncA/C. The MOBP was the most common plasmid type followed by MOBH, MOBF and MOBQ.
Conclusion
The spread of antibiotic resistance is likely due to clonal spread and circulation of different plasmids in clinical strains of P. aeruginosa.
Laterality Index Calculations in a Control Study of Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Borrell Jordan A. , Fraser Kaitlin , Manattu Arun Karumattu , Zuniga Jorge M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hemispheric dominance has been used to understand the influence of central and peripheral neural damage on the motor function of individuals with stroke, cerebral palsy, and limb loss. It has been well established that greater activation occurs in the contralateral hemisphere to the side of the body used to perform the task. However, there is currently a large variability in calculation procedures for brain laterality when using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a non-invasive neuroimaging tool. In this study, we used fNIRS to measure brain activity over the left and right sensorimotor cortices while participants (n = 20, healthy and uninjured) performed left and right-hand movement tasks. Then, we analyzed the fNIRS data using two different processing pipelines (block averaging or general linear model [GLM]), two different criteria of processing for negative values (include all beta values or include only positive beta values), and three different laterality index (LI) formulas. The LI values produced using the block averaging analysis indicated an expected contralateral dominance with some instances of bilateral dominance, which agreed with the expected contralateral activation. However, the inclusion criteria nor the LI formulas altered the outcome. The LI values produced using the GLM analysis displayed a robust left hemisphere dominance regardless of the hand performing the task, which disagreed with the expected contralateral activation. In conclusion, we recommend using the block averaging analysis when calculating brain laterality as measured by fNIRS.
How disability severity is associated with physical activity and inactivity from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Jung Jihoon , Park Seungyeon , Lee Chung Gun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Disabilities may play a different role in determining people’s physical activity (PA) and physical inactivity (PI) levels when they go through multiple lifetime transitions (e.g., graduation, marriage) between adolescence and young adulthood. This study investigates how disability severity (i.e., no, minimal, mild, and moderate/severe disability and/or limitation) is associated with changes in PA and PI engagement levels, focusing on adolescence and young adulthood, when the patterns of PA and PI are usually formed.Methods:The study employed data from Waves 1 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which covers a total of 15,701 subjects. We first categorized subjects into 4 disability groups: no, minimal, mild, or moderate/severe disability and/or limitation. We then calculated the differences in PA and PI engagement levels between Waves 1 and 4 at the individual level to measure how much the PA and PI levels of individuals changed between adolescence and young adulthood. Finally, we used two separate multinomial logistic regression models for PA and PI to investigate the relationships between disability severity and the changes in PA and PI engagement levels between the two periods after controlling for multiple demographic (age, race, sex) and socioeconomic (income level, education level) variables.Results:We showed that individuals with minimal disabilities were more likely to decrease their PA levels than those without disabilities during transitions from adolescence to young adulthood. Our findings also revealed that individuals with moderate to severe disabilities tended to have higher PI levels than individuals without disabilities when they were young adults. Furthermore, we found that people above the poverty level were more likely to increase their PA levels to a certain degree compared to people in the group below or near the poverty level.Conclusions:Our study partially indicates that individuals with disabilities are more vulnerable to unhealthy lifestyles due to a lack of PA engagement and increased PI time compared to people without disabilities. We recommend that health agencies at the state and federal levels allocate more resources for individuals with disabilities to mitigate health disparities between those with and without disabilities.
Genetic Screening of a Chinese Cohort of Children with Hearing Loss using a Next-Generation Sequencing Panel
Authors: Ma Jing , Ma Xiuli , Lin Ken , Huang Rui , Bi Xianyun , Ming Cheng , Li Li , Li Xia , Li Guo , Zhao Liping , Yang Tao , Gao Yingqin , Zhang Tiesong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background At present, the hereditary hearing loss homepage, (https://hereditaryhearingloss.org/), includes 250 deafness genes and more than 500 genes that have been reported to cause deafness. With few exceptions, the region-specific distributions are unclear for many of the identified variants and genes.
Methods Here, we used a custom capture panel to perform targeted sequencing of 518 genes in a cohort of 879 deaf Chinese probands who lived in Yunnan. mutation sites of the parents were performed by high-throughput sequencing and validated by Sanger sequencing.
Results The ratio of male to female patients was close to 1:1 (441:438) and the age of onset was mainly under six. Most patients (68.9%) were diagnosed with moderate to severe deafness. Four hundred and twenty-nine patients had variants in a deafness gene, with a detection rate of 48.8%. Pathogenic variants were detected in 98 genes and a number of these were recurrent within the cohort. However, many of the variants were rarely observed in the cohort. In accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, pathogenic, likely pathogenic and variants of uncertain significance accounted for 34.3%, 19.3% and 46.4% of all detected variants, respectively. The most common genes included GJB2, SLC26A4, MYO15A, MYO7A, TMC1, CDH23, USH2A and WFS1, which contained variants in more than ten cases. The two genes with the highest mutation frequency were GJB2 and SLC26A4, which accounted for 28.5% (122/429) of positive patients. We showed that more than 60.3% of coding variants were rare and novel. Of the variants that we detected, 80.0% were in coding regions, 17.9% were in introns and 2.1% were copy number variants.
Conclusion The common mutation genes and loci detected in this study were different from those detected in other regions or ethnic groups, which suggested that genetic screening or testing programs for deafness should be formulated in accordance with the genetic characteristics of the region.
Trichalcogenohexaindenocoronenes: Super Buckylbowls Based
on Coronene Core
Authors: Sun Yixun , Wang Xin , Chen Muhua , Yang Bo , Guo Ziyi , Xu Mingyu , Zhang Yunjie , Sun Huaming , Dang Jingshuang , Fan Juan , Li Jing , Wei Junfa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of buckybowls, especially, the large sized ones, have remained a huge challenge yet due to the inherent high strain induced by curvature. Herein, we report two novel bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatics with three chalcogen (sulfur or selenium) atoms and three methylene groups embedded at the bay regions of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene and an expeditious three-step synthetic strategy for these superbowls, including an aldol cyclotrimerization, a Scholl reaction, and a Stille reaction. The superbowls of this type feature a nanosized, compact, and C3vsymmetric architecture, composing of 19 fused rings, 48 constituent atoms. NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies confirmed their bowl-shaped geometries. The crystal structures revealed that they encompass 36 pyramidalized trigonal carbon atoms and have the bowl depths of 2.29 ˚A and 2.16 ˚A and diameters of 11.06 ˚A and 11.35 ˚A for the sulfur and selenium isologs. The curvature mainly distribute at the carbon atoms of the coronene frame and edge-to-convex packing predominates due to intermolecular C–H· · · π and chalcogen· · · π interactions in two instances. Variable temperature 1H NMR experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated the bowls have considerably high inversion barriers. The optical and electrochemical properties were elucidated by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, the aromaticity distribution and electrostatic potential characteristics as well as perpendicularly aligned convex-to-concave dipolemoments were investigated by density functional theory calculations.
Study of Interactions Between 3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1, 2-benzothiazine and Human DNA by Theoretical, Spectroscopic and Viscometric measurements
Authors: Asim Sadia , Mansha Asim , Aslam Sana , Shahzad Alina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
From the last few years mode of interactions between drugs and DNA is an attractive research area as it bridges chemistry, molecular biology and medicinal science. Interactions between small heterocyclic molecules and human DNA is a noteworthy feature in pharmacology for investigation of drugs mechanism and designing of more effective and target specific drugs with fewer side effects. The present research work focuses on the theoretical investigations of 3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1, 2-benzothiazine (SASA) by using Gaussian (16W) software to predict optimized geometry, HOMO-LUMO gap, bond length, bond angle, dihedral angle, electronic and vibrational spectra. Possible reaction site observed in SASA was C7, C9 and C18 as these atoms show maximum charge density. Later the interactions of SASA with human DNA was explored spectroscopic investigations and viscometric investigations at physiological buffers of pH of 4.7 (stomach pH) and 7.4 (blood pH) respectively. Maximum absorbance between SASA-DNA complex was observed in buffer solution of pH 3.4 at wavelength of 370nm, whereas at 7.4 has maximim absorbance between. Spectroscopic results reflects the bathochromic and hyperchromic shift succeeding the addition of human DNA. During viscosity measurement, intercalation and electrostatic mode of interaction were detected at low and high concentration of drug in solution respectively. Increase in the value of rate constant was observed with the increase in concentration of drug. Larger values of rate constant were observed at pH 7.4 in comparison to pH 3.5. Rate constant, thermodynamic parameters and viscometric analysis prefers the intake of SASA via blood.
Groundwater and Soil Moisture Dynamics in Humid Tropic Hillslopes With Contrasting Soil Depths and Topographic Conditions
Authors: Djamres Eilif Kurnia Deda , Sayama Takahiro , Yamamoto Eva Mia Siska , Sugawara Yoshito , Yamamoto Kodai , Apip Apip 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil and bedrock characteristics play important roles in groundwater (GW) and soil moisture dynamics along hillslopes. Compared to temperate climate regions, runoff in the humid tropics remains poorly understood, being broadly characterized by deeply weathered bedrock and thick soils with rich clay content. To better understand subsurface runoff processes in humid tropics, GW and soil moisture were monitored in two adjacent hillslopes with different underlying soil depths and land cover (forest and oil palm). The monitoring results showed that the average depths and temporal variations of GW varied substantially between the two sites. At the forest site, where the topography is comparatively steeper and covered with a shallower soil layer, the GW at the foot of the slope was more responsive to rainfall. Alternatively, the comparatively gentle slope and deeper soil layer of the palm oil site produced GW patterns that responded more slowly to rainfall. To elucidate the predominant controlling factors, a physically based hydrologic model was employed whose parameters were estimated from the field observations, and calibrated further to represent the observed patterns. Subsequently, a numerical experiment was conducted by varying the model parameters. The findings indicated that soil depth and saturated hydraulic conductivity have important roles in the dynamic response of GW; whereas soil water retention curves were also prominent determinants of surface soil moisture. The results also supported the importance of lateral saturated subsurface flow in soil layers, leading to the rapid responses of GW at the forest site, while such dynamic patterns did not appear in thicker soil layers, indicating different subsurface flow mechanisms, even at adjacent hillslopes.