bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohesivity and social capital of horticultural farmers group developing the quality of agro-tourism sector in South of Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatera
Authors: Herawaty  , Febrimely D , Siregar A Z , Siregar A A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze and to correlate the level of quality and quantity of agro-tourism sector, determined of the factors of cohesivity which is develop social capital in Tapanuli Selatan Regency. This research was conducted from March 18, 2020, till July 2020 in 5 Districts (Angkola Barat, Angkola Timur, Batang Angkola, Marancar, and Sipirok). The method used to collect data are observation and interviews, then processed by the Path Analyze method to find out the effect of each variables. The results showed low presented as 37.42%, consist of internal and external aspects to be obstacles to the quality of the agro-tourism sector. Meanwhile, the factors of cohesivity can increase social capital (loyalty, solidarity, kinship relation and pressure affect) was 31.1% of the responsibility. While, solidarity have an effect of 13.2% on cooperation, then kinship has an 11% effect on social networks, and solidarity have 22% effect on loyalty. As well as the cohesivity factor also has an overall effect value to the social capital (43.5%), which significantly. The cohesivity and social capital to the development the quality of the agro-tourism sector in the Tapanuli Selatan Regency have an effect of 50.7%.
Study of Biodiesel Production Fluid Flow Patterns in LPD Type Static Mixing Reactors Using CFD Simulation for Sustainable Energy
Authors: Hashifatunnisa  , Panggabean S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Flow patterns can be analyzed accurately using a computational fluid dynamics model approach or CFD. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of fluid flow, pressure drop, fluid viscosity and FAME results in biodiesel production in a low pressure drop (LPD) static mixing reactor. The CFD method has three important stages, namely pre-processing (experimental data), solution search (boundary conditions and calculations) and post-processing (data presentation and validation). The simulation results show that the flow pattern occurred in turbulent flow with Reynolds number in each reactor above 3000 (Re > 3000). This research also produces a scenario that can reduce the pressure drop in the flow by performing a hole addition scenario, that successfully reduces the pressure drop by 5.13% compared to conventional LPD. Observations also show a decrease in viscosity in the hollow scenario with a decrease of 9.8% better than conventional LPD and an increase of 0.33% FAME in the scenario of adding holes. This study on biodiesel production can help increase the yield of better biodiesel with high quality and for the future can reduce or replace the use of non-renewable fossil fuels with renewable fuels so that the environment will remain sustainable.
Study of fluid flow movement of biodiesel production with helical static mixing reactor using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)
Authors: Putri N A , Panggabean S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The simulation was carried out using the computional fluid dynamics method to find out and read the flow pattern in the reactor. Simulations were implemented in nine reactors, which every reactor have 12 helical type static mixer elements. The elements in every static mixer are twisted 180°, and between elements are glued at an angle of 90°. Also performed two scenarios on the modification of the torsion angle of the elements, namely 225° and 270° . Based on the flow velocity and viscosity, the static mixer with 270° torsion angle has a good mixing pattern compared to the torsion angle of 225° and 180° . The viscosity was descresed by 5.4% and the velocity was increased by 3.05%. The concentration of fatty acid methyl ester using static mixer 270° (as much as 97.50%) was higher than the 225° torsion angle (as much as 97.46%) and the 180° torsion angle (as much as 97.41%).
Investigation of optimal processing parameters of palm kernel oil extraction under uniaxial loading towards food security and energy sustainability
Authors: Demirel C , Herák D , Kabutey A , Mizera Č 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluates the optimal conditions for palm kernel oil extraction under uniaxial compression loading. The response surface regression technique was used to test the independent variables, which were the force, vessel diameter and speed at three levels separately. The kernel oil yield was observed as the dependent variable where a regression model was described using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level. The observed palm kernel oil yield was found to be 22.61% whereas the optimized value was 22.99%. The corresponding extraction (deformation energy) was calculated to be 1.24 kJ. The lack-of-fit of the regression model was non-significant (P > 0.05) implying its adequacy. The force, vessel diameter and speed at the levels of 200 kN, 60 mm and 4 mmmin-1 were identified as the optimum parameters for obtaining high percentage palm kernel oil under uniaxial compression. The findings would be validated in a mechanical screw press type Farmet Duo at a laboratory scale to optimize the palm kernel oil extraction process at small-to large -scale production.
Technical study of small-scale coconut husk decomposing equipment to reduce coconut husk waste in North Sulawesi
Authors: Tooy D , Longdong I A , Lolowang T F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coconut in North Sulawesi are known to produce food products from coconut flesh. However, coconut husks which is 35% of the whole coconut, is still considered waste for farmer groups. In some areas the husk is thrown away or burned. When it is burned the problems faced by the people around the area, some complain about the smoke generated. This study aims to study how to utilize the coconut husk to become a more useful product and to study and test the manufactured equipment to process coconut husk become coconut fiber and coconut peat. The study showed that the equipment is very promising to produce cocopeat and coconut fiber in small scale sector and very potential to reduce husk waste in the field. The products can be made to other derivative products that have economic value and to avoid smoke problems due to environmental smoke due to burned the coconut husk.
Increased stomata openings and chlorophyll index of green mustard (Brassica juncea.L) with violin sound exposure
Authors: Prasetyo J , Raju  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The goal of this study was to see how violin music affected stomata opening, chlorophyll index, and green mustard productivity. The sole treatment used in the experiment was the sound level. The sound levels were 70-75 decibels, 80-85 decibels, and 90-95 decibels. The Tosokan variety of green mustard was the subject of this study. When compared to green mustard that had not been exposed to sound, the results demonstrated that sound had an effect on the plant. With the exception of stomatal opening, sound exposure at 70-75 dB provides the highest values for all metrics. According to statistical investigation, sound levels of 70-75 decibels provided the highest average productivity weight.
Potential Research of Horizontal Collaboration for Food Supply Chain
Authors: Amelia P , Wirjodirdjo B , Dewi R S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
FAO data predicts that the world’s population will be around 9.7 billion in 2050. This number could increase demand for a food product. In addition, farmers are responsible to provide the market demand but there are various constrain to full the food product. Modern, food supply chains require multi-tier supply chain operations for transferring the product and information quickly and accurately. Using the horizontal collaboration, partner could make the agreement for the resource and resource sharing for increasing the demand fulfilment. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to give a summary of academic works on horizontal collaboration in the food supply chain. The methodology for this research is using systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis method. The first step is searching criteria and sourcing the identification. The next step is to use the VOS viewer software and extract data from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2021. The final step is analysis data and interpretation. The analysis of this research will find topic initiatives of high relevance and significance for the future. The findings are useful in understanding the major group of literature review and the possible future direction in which they could evolve.
Impact of origin environment to the chemical characteristic of java coffees
Authors: Budiastra I W , Sutrisno  , Ayu P C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coffee is one of the most important export commodities and a unique product which have different taste, shape and flavour according to the origin. The objective of this research was to characterized three different origins of Java coffee (Java Preanger, Andung Sari and Malang) using chemical method. Determination of major composition of coffees were carried out using proximate analysis and determination of caffeine, trigonelline and chlorogenic acid (CGA) was conducted using LCMS method. The concentration of each chemical composition were significantly different among three Java coffees, except for trigonelline and lipid concentration. The carbohydrate and protein concentration of Andung Sari coffee were the highest beside another two coffee origins which were 58.4% and 14.59% respectively. The highest concentration of CGA was obtained in Andung Sari coffee (9.1%) followed by Malang coffee (8.32%) and Java Preanger coffee (6.04%). The highest concentration of caffeine was also obtained in Andung Sari (1.42%). The Chemical quality of Andung Sari coffee is superior among Java coffees.
Performance of Jarwo Rice Transplanter, Tegel Rice Transplanter, and Atabela Systems in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Amalia A F , Rahayu H S P , Risna  , Syafruddin  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the important factors in the agricultural production is labour. However, most of the agricultural workforce has entered a non-productive age, while the interest of the younger generation to enter agricultural land is getting lower, especially with the traditional system. Agricultural mechanization is necessary to handle this problem. Futhermore, the most efficient machine and system will be the best choice to get farm efficiency. The study aims to evaluate the performance of three rice planting tools which were considered also based on the land topography. Data were collected to meet the requirements of technical considerations that have been set in on the standards. The results showed that the Jarwo Rice Transplanter is the most efficient regarded to the effective field capacity which was 0.391 hectares/hour. The efficiency of land management of jarwo rice transplanter is the most effective by 58.86%. This is influenced by several factors, such as the skill of the operator, soil condition, land size, wheel slip, and also the shape of the planting tool.
Analysis of carbohydrate, protein and fat levels using various type rice with different cooking process
Authors: Cintya H , Putra E D L , Muhammad M , Pranata C , Syahputra H D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The highest comsumption white rice can increase risk of diabetes deseases. The aimed of this study was to determine nutrient as carbohydrate, ptotein, and fat levels with various types of rice with different cooking process. All of type rice conducted with different cooking process using steamed and rice cooker. Analysis of carbohydrates using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, analysis of fats using the soxhletation method and protein levels using Kjeldhal method. The result of this study that the highest carbohydrate levels is found in raw white rice at 126.124 mg/kg, while after cooking process that the highest carbohydrate levels was found in white rice used ricecooker at 103.400 mg/kg. The highest protein levels before processed was found in raw black rice at 11.16%, while the lowest was found in white rice at 8.71%, after cooking processed the highest protein levels found in black rice cooker at 5.12 %, while the lowest was found in steamed black rice at 3.89%. The highest fat levels before processed was found in black rice of 0.214%, while after cooking processed, the highest fat levels was found in steamed white rice at 0.076%. The conclusion of this study that there are the effects of cooking processed on nutrient.
Effect of sugar concentration and fermentation time on secang kombucha drink
Authors: Sinamo K N , Ginting S , Pratama S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Secang kombucha drink is a fermented drink by Acetobacter xylinum and Sacharomyces cerevisiae using secang wood. Secang wood contains several nutritional contents that can be used in food diversification and sustainability of food for supporting food security. The use of secang wood is as a substitute for tea leaves in making of kombucha drinks. The study aims to determine the effect of fermentation and the concentration of sugar used on the manufacture of secang kombucha drink. The study was conducted using the factorial CRD (Completely Randomized Design) method, that is the addition of sugar concentration (G): 10%, 20%, 30% and fermentation time (F): 4 days, 7 days, 10 days, 13 days. The parameters observed were total acid, total soluble solid, pH, viscosity, and colour value. The results showed that the effect of addition of sugar concentration and fermentation time had a very significant effect on total acid, total soluble solid, pH, viscosity, and colour value. The best treatment is G2F3 treatment (the sugar concentration of 20% and the fermentation time of 10 days) with total acid of 0.9239%, total soluble solid of 20.8964°Brix, pH 2.9997, viscosity of 1.0906 Pa.s and colour value of 54.9170°Hue.
Characteristic infused water of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea Linn) with the addition of traditional spice andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) based on sustainable local resources
Authors: Sakdiah H , Nurminah M , Karo-Karo T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Infused water is a drink that contains bioactive components. In this study, the manufacture of infused water from herbs, namely butterfly pea and the addition of andaliman which is a traditional spice typical of North Sumatra. The determine of this study was to determine the effect of adding andaliman and the storage time of butterfly pea infused water. This study was made with the addition of andaliman (A1 = 0%, A2 = 5%, A3 = 10%, and A4 = 15%) of the weight of water, then stored for a long time of storage (P1 = 0 days, P2 = 2 days, P3 = 4 days, P4 = 6 days, and P5 = 8 days) at refrigerator temperature. The results obtained were the addition of andaliman highly significantly different (P<0.01) on colour index, total sugar, and total flavonoids. Meanwhile, there was highly significantly different P(<0.01) in the total sugar and total flavonoids, but no significantly different (P>0.05) in colour index on the effect of storage time. The results show that the colour index of this infused water is blue-purple (302.1794-300.2495 °Hue). The highest total sugar was in treatment A4 (0.2437%) and the highest total flavonoid was in treatment A4 (2.0728%).
Analysis of cupping, colour and caffeine content of Gayo Arabica coffee
Authors: Sinaga H , Hilman A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Gayo Arabica coffee are processed with natural, semi-washed, and full-washed methods. The aim of this study was to determine the colour, caffeine and protein contents along with cupping test of the green beans after the differences in the processing methods. Based on cupping test, all attributes such as the uniformity, clean cup and sweetness get maximum scores, above 80, meaning the beans are classified as specialty coffee. The colour of all beans were reddish-yellow especially in semi-wet and wet processed seeds. The caffeine and protein content of all coffee types ranged from 0.70 ± 0.02% to 0.99 ± 0.03% and 7.74 ± 0.43% to 10.04 ± 1.39%, respectively. The values have met the quality standard of Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-3542-2004). This preliminary results will be continued by storing the coffee beans up to 12 months at room temperature. This study related to the environmental balance and sustainability of coffee plants. The finding results confirmed that the Gayo Arabica coffee can still be classified as specialty although the coffee cherries are processed with various methods.
The Effect of Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the Use of Andaliman Fruit Extract as Natural Preservatives on Microbiological Quality of Beef Meatbals in Household Food Industry “Mak Iji” in Medan City
Authors: Pangaribuan M , Julianti E , Suryanto D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bacterial contamination such as Salmonella and E. coli is the main cause of extraordinary cases of foodborne diseases. This study was done at the Mak Iji Household Food Industry in Medan City which produces beef meatballs. The application of good manufacturing practice (GMP) was carried out in accordance with the Regulation of the Head of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPOM RI) of 2012. The microbiological quality of the beef meatballs produced was carried out before and after the application of GMP with and without the addition of ethyl acetate extract of andaliman fruit. The results show there are 8 elements of major findings and 29 elements of minor findings from 37 elements of GMP examination. The application of GMP can reduce the total plate count (TPC) from 3.87 CFU/mL to 1.47 CFU/mL in meatballs without the addition of andaliman fruit extract, and 0 CFU/mL for meatballs with the addition of andaliman fruit extract. E.coli and Salmonella were not detected after the application of GMP. The results of this study indicate that the application of GMP and ethyl acetate extract of andaliman fruit can prevent the growth of harmful bacteria in beef meatball products.
Hydrolysis of alkaline treatment and characterization of cellulose fibrils from processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharide
Authors: Hilman A , Karo-karo T , Azhari  , Sakdiah H , Salma N A , Pangestu I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cellulose fibrils are insoluble dietary fibres in the processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP). The researcher has investigated the characterization of chemical and morphological properties of WSP bengkoang in previous studies. However, the processing waste of the insoluble dietary fibres from WSP bengkoang still needs to be studied. This research aim is to hydrolyze and characterize the cellulose fibrils from bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides. The results showed that the crude fibres assisted with alkaline treatment would lead to the swollen thread and remove materials like soluble and insoluble lignin to become cellulose fibrils. The morphology of natural fibres has mixed with starch from the processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the cellulose fibrils look clear with a dimension of around 10–14 μm. The FTIR graph shows a degradation in the quantum of linking materials allows in the fibres due to alkaline treatment. The raw fibres characteristic peak does not appear due to alkaline hydrolisis treatment. The peak between 1200 and 1300 cm-1 which decreases due to alkaline treatment is mainly responsible for the wax, lignin, pectin, and other impurities components. The color degree of cellulose fibrils were indicate due to the removal of other impurities and non-cellulosic components.
The effect of planting distance on seeds Rhizophora apiculata from the coast to the northeast on Pulau Sembilan, Pangkalan Susu District, Langkat Regency
Authors: Yunasfi  , Simanungkalit J M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coastal areas are the main habitat of mangrove forests. As is well known, this area has both beauty and conflict of interest, so the ecosystem in the area faces various threats and problems of destruction caused by human activities, such as coastal reclamation work, bombing, poisoning of coral reefs and housing construction. This research was conducted to see the differences in the treatment of mangrove nurseries with the type of red mangrove on their growth and development based on the direction of the wind and the distance from the shoreline. The research was carried out from October to December 2020. Determination of the cardinal directions using a compass that points to the northeast, as far as 40 meters from the shoreline. Rhozophora apiculata was planted from a distance of 40 meters to 44 meters at a distance of 1 meter by 1 meter. The results obtained during 12 weeks of observation, showed that the highest seedling height was at a distance of 41 meters, the highest diameter at a distance of 41 meters and the highest number of leaves at a distance of 40 meters. The conclusion is that the most ideal planting distance is at p1 (41 meters spacing).
The effect of skidding by excavator on soil compaction in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdi  , Lubis L M , Purba B , Lintang D P S , Zaitunah A , Sahar A , Hanafiah D S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The impact caused by excavator is damage to forest vegetation and physical damage to forest soil. The aimed of this study was to analyze of soil compaction due to skidding in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. Soil samples were taken each cycle with a skidding intensity of 5, 10 and 15 round-trip with a repetition distance of 10 m and with 3 replications, respectively. This research shows that soil mass density increases with the increase in skidding intensity. The value of soil mass density increases along with the increase in the intensity of skidding both in the litter path and without litter path. The soil mass density with litter-lined paths is lower than witout litter-lined paths.
The peunajoh toward conservation of flora and fauna biodiversity in Aceh
Authors: Lubis T , Ramlan  , Dardanila  , Hasrul S , Nasution T , Abus A F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study described the role of traditional Aceh dish peunajoh (food and drink) toward the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh. Peunajoh is dependent on each formal occasion. In this study, the qualitative method and ethnography model was applied. The data were documentation of peunajoh (kinds of peunajoh) which used in traditional special occasions, namely uroe raya (Idul Fitri) and Tueng dara baro (having the bride at the groom’s house). They were collected through interviews and observation. The study showed that the peunajoh has indexed with the activity toward conservation for flora and fauna in Aceh. The plants for the ingredient of peunajoh is essential to growing not only for the needs of food but also become the symbol for in peunajoh affected the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh. The Acehnese had an engagement with several floras, which are used for peunajoh. As a result, traditional dishes out peunajoh in every occasion had affected the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh.