bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of context representations on cognitive control states
Authors: Alzahabi Reem , Hussey Erika , Ward Nathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCognitive control operates via two distinct mechanisms, proactive and reactive control. These control states are engaged differentially, depending on a number of within-subject factors, but also between-group variables. While research has begun to explore if shifts in control can be experimentally modulated, little is known about whether context impacts which control state is utilized. Thus, we test if contextual factors temporarily bias the use of a particular control state long enough to impact performance on a subsequent task. Our methodology involves two parts: first participants are exposed to a context manipulation designed to promote proactive or reactive processing through amount or availability of advanced preparation within a task-switching paradigm. Then, they complete an AX-CPT task, where we assess immediate transfer on preferential adoption of one control mode over another. We present results from a Pilot Study that revealed anecdotal evidence of proactive versus reactive processing for a context manipulation using long and short preparation times. We also present data from a follow-up Registered Experiment that implements a context manipulation using long or no preparation times to assess if a more extreme context leads to pronounced differences on AX-CPT performance. Together, the results suggest that contextual representations do not impact the engagement of a particular control state, but rather, there is a general preference for the engagement of proactive control.
Elucidation of possible mechanisms of the antidiabetic potential of Zn-loaded Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) extracts in experimental animal models
Authors: Tiwari Varsha , Tiwari Abhishek , Singh Anita , Verma Navneet , Kumar Manish , Sharma Ajay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study focused on the antidiabetic potential and fingerprinting analysis ofBryophyllumcpinnatumstems as well as its possible mechanisms of action along with identification of its major phytoconstituents. The oral glucose tolerance test has been performed administering a glucose solution (2000 mg/kg) to induce hyperglycemia. Diabetes have been instigated by single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg).ResultsAlcohol and aqueous extracts were found to be safe up to a dose of 3000 mg/kg. Oral glucose tolerance test results showed significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level. Alcohol and aqueous extracts (200, 400 mg/kg b.w.) showed significant reduction in fasting blood glucose among all groups. Groups receiving zinc sulfate-loaded extracts showed a statistically significant reduction in low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels and enhanced levels of high density lipoproteins. Fingerprinting analysis has been performed to identify the major phytoconstituents of flavonoid category morin, chrysin, and 6-hydroxy flavones, as well as iso-quercetin, hyperosides and terpenoids present in the extracts possess antidiabetic potential.ConclusionsBoth alcohol and aqueous extracts found to possess significant antidiabetic activity in diabetic rats. Zinc sulfate synergistically potentiates the antidiabetic potential of alcohol extract. Fingerprinting analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids such as morin, chrysin, and 6-hydroxy flavones, as well as iso-quercetin, hyperosides, and terpenoids. The possible mechanisms of antidiabetic activity have been elucidated, although further studies are required to give more elaborated mechanism on molecular basis.Graphical abstract
Lipopolysaccharide distinctively alters human microglia transcriptomes to resemble microglia from Alzheimer's disease mouse models
Authors: Monzón-Sandoval Jimena , Burlacu Elena , Agarwal Devika , Handel Adam E. , Wei Liting , Davis John , Cowley Sally A. , Cader M. Zameel , Webber Caleb 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and risk-influencing genetics implicates microglia and neuroimmunity in the pathogenesis of AD. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia (iPSC-microglia) are increasingly used as a model of AD, but the relevance of historical immune stimuli to model AD is unclear. We performed a detailed cross-comparison over time on the effects of combinatory stimulation of iPSC-microglia, and in particular their relevance to AD. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to measure the transcriptional response of iPSC-microglia after 24 h and 48 h of stimulation with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+interferon gamma (IFN-γ), either alone or in combination with ATPγS. We observed a shared core transcriptional response of iPSC-microglia to ATPγS and to LPS+IFN-γ, suggestive of a convergent mechanism of action. Across all conditions, we observed a significant overlap, although directional inconsistency to genes that change their expression levels in human microglia from AD patients. Using a data-led approach, we identify a common axis of transcriptomic change across AD genetic mouse models of microglia and show that only LPS provokes a transcriptional response along this axis in mouse microglia and LPS+IFN-γ in human iPSC-microglia.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
GM-CSF-activated human dendritic cells promote type 1 T follicular helper cell polarization in a CD40-dependent manner
Authors: Korniotis Sarantis , Saichi Melissa , Trichot Coline , Hoffmann Caroline , Amblard Elise , Viguier Annick , Grondin Sophie , Noel Floriane , Mattoo Hamid , Soumelis Vassili 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTT follicular helper (Tfh) cells regulate humoral responses and present a marked phenotypic and functional diversity. Type 1 Tfh (Tfh1) cells were recently identified and associated with disease severity in infection and autoimmune diseases. The cellular and molecular requirements to induce human Tfh1 differentiation are not known. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and protein validation, we report that human blood CD1c+ dendritic cells (DCs) activated by GM-CSF (also known as CSF2) drive the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Tfh1 cells. These Tfh1 cells displayed typical Tfh molecular features, including high levels of PD-1 (encoded by PDCD1), CXCR5 and ICOS. They co-expressed BCL6 and TBET (encoded by TBX21), and secreted large amounts of IL-21 and IFN-γ (encoded by IFNG). Mechanistically, GM-CSF triggered the emergence of two DC sub-populations defined by their expression of CD40 and ICOS ligand (ICOS-L), presenting distinct phenotypes, morphologies, transcriptomic signatures and functions. CD40High ICOS-LLow DCs efficiently induced Tfh1 differentiation in a CD40-dependent manner. In patients with mild COVID-19 or latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, Tfh1 cells were positively correlated with a CD40High ICOS-LLow DC signature in scRNAseq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells or blood transcriptomics, respectively. Our study uncovered a novel CD40-dependent Tfh1 axis with potential physiopathological relevance to infection.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Comparison between automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the rescue of cardiac and respiratory arrest
Authors: Niu Huiping , Gao Mengying , Yuan Shuang 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (A-CPR) and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (M-CPR) in the rescue of cardiac and respiratory arrest.
Methods: A retrospective, single-center observational study was conducted to identify 106 patients by reviewing medical records of 269 patients with cardiac and respiratory arrest treated in The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital (Jinan, China) from February 2019 to February 2021. Patients were divided into A-CPR group (n = 55) and M-CPR group (n = 51) based on the resuscitation treatment method. The groups were matched for age, gender and the cause of cardiac arrest. Rescue effects, blood gas analysis indicators, respiratory dynamics and condition improvement of the two groups were compared.
Results: In terms of rescue effects, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, successful rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 24-hour survival rate and survival discharge rate in the A-CPR group were higher than M-CPR group (P<0.05). With respect to blood gas analysis indicators and respiratory dynamics, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the A-CPR group was lower than M-CPR group at 15 and 30 minutes after CPR, while the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), end expiratory carbon dioxide (PetCO2), coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the A-CPR group were higher than M-CPR group (P<0.05). In aspect of condition improvement, spontaneous breathing, heart rate, spontaneous circulation, blood pressure recovery time and CPR time in the A-CPR group were shorter than M-CPR group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The application effect of A-CPR in the rescue of cardiac and respiratory arrest, the improvement of blood gas analysis indexes, respiration and condition improvement are more significant than M-CPR.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6598
How to cite this:Gao M, Niu H, Yuan S. Comparison between automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the rescue of cardiac and respiratory arrest. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):2208-2214. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6598
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Reconsidering the ethics of compulsive treatment in light of clinical psychiatry: A selective review of literature
Authors: Duarte Madeira Luis , Costa Santos Jorge 
Published: October 2022

The ethics of compulsive treatment (CT) is a medical, social and legal discussion that reemerged after the ratification by 181 countries of the 2007 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN-CRPD). The optional protocol of the UN-CRPD was ratified by 86 countries aiming to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights. It also determined the need to review mental health laws as under this light treatment of persons with disabilities, particularly those with mental disorders, cannot accept the use of CT. This selective review of literature aims to clarify inputs from clinical psychiatry adding evidence to the multi-disciplinary discussion. It provides contradictory evidence on how patients experience CT and its impact on their mental health and treatment programs, also which are main reasons for the use of CT and what efforts in psychiatry have been made to reduce, replace and refine it.
Inmersión en la digitalización de las redes sociales en turismo y el patrimonio: un cambio de paradigma
Authors: Barrientos-Báez Almudena , CALDEVILLA DOMÍNGUEZ DAVID , FÉLIX MATEUS ANABELA 
Published: October 2022

Con esta investigación nos proponemos analizar diferentes redes sociales involucradas en la evolución del turismo y la potenciación del patrimonio, particularmente en las últimas dos décadas, antes de que la pandemia de la covid-19 irrumpiera en nuestras vidas. Se realizó un estudio bibliográfico longitudinal cualitativo de los temas definidos y un cruce de los resultados obtenidos. Concluimos el análisis con una valoración cuantitativa de la evolución del número de turistas y los ingresos por viajes y turismo en revistas especializadas. Los resultados, basados en análisis bibliográficos, llevaron a un aumento del número de turistas y a la evolución de los ingresos por viajes y turismo aunque con una ligera caída no significativa en 2018. No obstante, no podemos confirmar una realidad diferente a la que esperábamos. La curva significativamente creciente en el momento fundamental del estudio (2020) se revierte sin una fecha de recuperación prevista a causa de las restricciones nacionales e internacionales al turismo.
Al Este de Babel, construcción y desconstrucción de las lógicas del lenguaje, dentro de la dicotomía de la Modernidad y el Romanticismo.
Authors: Tovar Margarita 
Published: October 2022

Reseña del lbro Al Este de Babel. Sujeto, verdad y lenguaje en la era de los algoritmos (2021), escrito por Antonio Asencio Guillén, el cual aborda en forma de ensayo y revisión crítica, su interpretación de la modernidad histórica, la posmodernidad, la creación cultural de la cibernética y sus efectos sobre el sujeto en la era contemporánea.
High numerical aperture RGB achromatic metalens in the visible
Authors: Baek Sangwon , Kim Joohoon , Kim Yeseul , Seok Cho Won , Badloe Trevon , Moon Seong-Won , Rho Junsuk , Lee Jong-Lam 
Published: October 2022

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate an RGB achromatic metalens that operates concurrently at three visible wavelengths (

λ
=
450

, 532, and 700 nm) with a high numerical aperture of 0.87. The RGB metalens is designed by simple integration of metalens components with the spatial interleaving method. The simulated spatial interleaving metalens shows RGB achromatic operation with focusing efficiencies of 25.2%, 58.7%, and 66.4% at the wavelengths of 450, 532, and 700 nm, respectively. A 450 μm diameter metalens operating at three designated wavelengths is fabricated with low-loss hydrogenated amorphous silicon. The fabricated metalens has the measured focusing efficiencies of 5.9%, 11.3%, and 13.6% at

λ
=
450

, 532, and 700 nm, respectively. The Strehl ratios of 0.89, 0.88, and 0.82 are obtained at given wavelengths, which show a capability of diffraction-limited operation.
Testing a counseling message for increasing uptake of self-injectable contraception in southern Malawi: A mixed-methods, clustered randomized controlled study
Authors: Burke Holly M. , Packer Catherine , Zingani Akuzike , Moses Philemon , Bernholc Alissa , Ruderman Lucy W. , Martinez Andres , Chen Mario 
Published: October 2022

Objective
While self-injection of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) has well-documented benefits, uptake may be improved by addressing client concerns such as fear of self-injury and low self-efficacy. However, current training materials for family planning providers do not address these concerns. We used an iterative process with family planning providers and clients, male community leaders and partners, and stakeholders in Malawi to develop a counseling message addressing user-centered concerns about self-injection. We report on our testing of the effectiveness of this evidence-based message for increasing self-injection uptake in the context of full method choice.

Methods
We randomized 60 public facilities across two districts in southern Malawi to orient their providers to the message (treatment) or not (control). After strengthening data quality, we extracted routine service delivery data from the facilities six months before and after introducing the message. We compared pre- and post-orientation trends for the treatment and control groups using generalized linear mixed models. We conducted eight focus group discussions with a sample of providers oriented to the message.

Results
The message was feasible to implement and highly acceptable to providers. During June 2020–June 2021, 16,593 new clients used injectables in Mangochi district (52% DMPA-SC; 15% self-injected). In Thyolo district, 7,761 new clients used injectables during July 2020–July 2021 (29% DMPA-SC; 14% self-injected). We observed high variability in number of clients and self-injection uptake across facilities and over time, indicating inconsistent offering of self-injection. In both districts, we found significant increases in self-injection in treatment facilities after message introduction. However, this increase was not sustained, especially when DMPA-SC was unavailable or about to expire.

Conclusion
Based on the study findings, we recommend the evidence-based message be used in programs offering DMPA-SC self-injection services. However, effective use of the message is contingent upon a consistent supply of DMPA-SC.
Caracteristicas pos-rotura de rochas em compressao uniaxial, obtidas numa prensa com aumento artificial de rigidez
Authors: Gama C. Dinis 
Published: October 2022

É um facto de observação corrente, considerado muitas vezes inevitável, que as escavações subterrâneas estão rodeadas por rocha fracturada, sem que isso conduza à respectiva ruína. O projecto desses trabalhos depende do conhecimento do comportamento mecânico de rochas fracturadas e a consideração de urna resistência inerente às mesmas tem grande interesse prático, pois convirá controlar sempre a correspondente segurança.
Justifica-se, portanto, uma mais perfeita compreensão do comportamento de rochas na rotura e após a rotura, o que implica o registo das características completas tensão-deformação unitária, só possível em sistemas de carga dotados de muita elevada rigidez. Para as prensas de laboratório clássicas haverá que dispor de processos artificiais para lhes incrementar a rigidez, de modo a tornar a aplicação de solicitações práticamente independente da reacção da amostra ensaiada.
Neste trabalho são descritos três dos processos que se podem utilizar para promover o aumento da rigidez de urna prensa convencional, em ensaios realizados à compressão uniaxial e sobre dois tipos de rochas. O registo do ramo descendente das curvas tensão-deformação unitária é obtido por meios directos e indirectos. Refere-se a construção, na Universidade de Luanda, de urna célula de rigidez destinada a padronizar de futuro as determinações desta natureza e analisam-se os resultados experimentais segundo os conceitos teóricos da rotura frágil.
In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity ofCalotropis proceraleaf extract onEimeria papillataoocysts sporulation and sporozoite
Authors: Murshed Mutee , Al-Quraishy Saleh , Qasem Mahmood A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNatural products play an important role as environmentally friendly agents that can be used against parasitic diseases. ManyEimeriaspecies cause eimeriosis in poultry. The negative effects of synthetic anti-coccidiosis medications necessitate the quest for alternative treatments derived from medicinal plants in the treatment of eimeriosis. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects ofCalotropis proceraleaf extract (CPLE) (Madar) on the sporulation ofEimeriaoocysts and sporozoites that affect mammalian jejunum and to obtain the best concentration for sporulation inhibition and infection prevention. Extracts were testedin vitroto prevent oocyst sporulation, wall deformity, and anti-sporozoite activity withEimeria papillata. The plant-chemical compounds analysis of CPLE some active compounds were shown as well as CPLEin vitroeffects at various concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25,12.5, and 6.25 mg/mL), while potassium dichromate solution 2.5% and Toltrazuril 25 mg/mL were administered as the control groups.C. proceraleaf extract showed the highest inhibitory percentage onE. papillataoocyst at 200 mg/mL of extract, approximately 91%. In addition, CPLE showed the sporozoite highest viability inhibitory percentage onE. papillataat 200 mg/mL of extract, approximately 88%, and the lowest efficacy was 5% at 6.25 mg/mL. Also, we noticed the deformation and destruction of the oocyst wall based on the concentration rate. Sporulation inhibition rate is significantly affected by incubation time and treatment concentration ratio. The results showed that Madar has an effective, inhibitory potential, and protective effect on coccidian oocyst sporulation and sporozoites ofE. papillata.
The Dragon on the Path and the Emerald of Love: A Nietzschean reading of Rūmī’s concept of love
Authors: Arani Hamidreza Mahboobi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFacing suffering and death, or what is known as human fragility, does not seem all that difficult and challenging in the presence of a morally responsible God or the primordial source of all existence. However, if our theodicy does not allow for the existence of such a God or primordial source, as in Ashʿarite theology or Schopenhauer’s philosophy, then the encounter with human fragility necessitates a more sophisticated explanation. Schopenhauer, by rejecting the loving Christian God, adopts the Buddhist solution to death which, he claims, has been maintained in Sufism. While recognizing Schopenhauer’s metaphysics, Nietzsche disagrees with his moral approach and attempts to address human vulnerability from an aesthetic standpoint. In this article, I argue that Rūmī, following Ashʿarite theodicy, attempts to transcend the moral position of theologians with his concept of love and, instead of appealing to the dominant asceticism of fear and terror, confronts human fragility through the framework of his mysticism of love. The article then makes an effort to provide a reasonable interpretation of this mysticism in light of Nietzsche’s aesthetic metaphysics.
Evaluating the Performance of Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors for Measuring Static Contact Stress
Authors: Kootahi Karim , Leung Anthony Kwan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In geotechnical engineering applications, flexible piezoresistive sensors (also known as tactile pressure sensors) have been commonly used to measure soil contact stress at solid boundaries. However, studies have rarely discussed the performance of this kind of sensor against various calibration methods in granular soils. This study reviewed and evaluated various calibration methods about the application of puck and methods of sensor conditioning. The performance of a point-type piezoresistive sensor installed in an oedometer cell to measure static stresses was assessed through several sensor performance measures, including repeatability, short- and long-term drifts, hysteresis, and accuracy. The effects of soil particle size, soil density, and puck material (hence stiffness) on these measures were also investigated. Results show that the puck application improved the sensor’s short- and long-term drifts and eliminated the stress dependency of the drift, whereas conditioning before every use improved the sensor’s repeatability. Moreover, the data analysis showed that it is important to use the same material that will be used in the testing phase to perform calibration to improve the measurement accuracy. A new term, puck-soil stiffness ratio, is proposed to explain the effects of puck thickness and stiffness on the sensor response because of arching and stress concentrations developed in soil. Reducing soil particle size (D50), with respect to the sensor diameter (Dsens), significantly improved repeatability and drift errors. At a high Dsens/D50 ratio, the sensor performance was independent of soil density.