bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and recent population demographic history of Taihangshan macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis), North China
Authors: ZHOU Yanyan , TIAN Jundong , LU Jiqi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMassive actions have been and are being taken into protecting the world's primates from extinction, while the study of the properties of genetic diversity, demographic history, and ecological relationships will benefit the understanding of the long‐term survival of a species. The Taihangshan macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis), a subspecies of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), is endemic to China and currently restricted to southern Mt. Taihangshan area. Herein, we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of this subspecies using mitochondrial (Cytb and high variable region I: HVR I) and nuclear markers (microsatellite loci) of 131 individuals collected from 9 localities covering the distribution range of this subspecies. Both phylogenetic analyses and genetic assignment revealed that the wild populations of Taihangshan macaques could be divided into 2 major highly divergent clades, THS‐east and THS‐west. Low genetic diversity (π: 0.00266 ± 0.00016) but high haplotype diversity (Hd: 0.80352 ± 0.015) were detected in the Taihangshan macaques, particularly in THS‐east. Analyses of demographic history suggested that the Taihangshan macaques experienced first a stable historical population size from Holocene to early 19th century but a subtle decline and then slight growth in the recent 200 years. We suggest that bridging the neighbor populations (i.e. setting corridors) would facilitate the male‐mediated gene flow and subsequently increase the genetic diversity of the Taihangshan macaque populations.
Feasibility and safety of extended pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma. A single group experience
Authors: Falanga Francesco , Rinaldi Pietro , Primiceri Cristiano , Bortolotto Chandra , Oneta Olga , Agustoni Francesco , Morbini Patrizia , Saracino Laura , Eleftheriou Dimitrios , Sottotetti Federico , Stella Giulia Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurgery is part of a multimodal therapeutic approach to malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) although its real beneficial effect is still controversial. The optimal precise sequence of treatments within the trimodality is unclear, and should be decided upon a multidisciplinary consensus for each individual patient. Here, we analyzed the perioperative data of 19 MPM patients who underwent extended pleurectomy/decortication (EPD) with curative intent. The mean age at diagnosis was 67 years; 11 males and eight females. Ten patients were diagnosed with MPM via medical thoracoscopy (MT), and nine via video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The vast majority of cases harbored epitheliod forms. We compared neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) followed by surgery (11 cases) versus surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT, 8 cases) within a 3‐year period. All patients had extended pleurectomy/decortication and none had an extended pneumonectomy. Analysis of survival curves suggested that the short‐term outcomes are better with upfront EDP followed by ACT if compared to EDP preceded by NCT. Although limited, the data highlighted the safety and feasibility of EPD, with manageable postoperative complications and no major burden for the patients.
Improving surgical excellence: first experience of a video‐based intervention in outpatients
Authors: Granchi Nelson , Reid Jessica , Foley Katarina , Couteur Amanda Le , Edwards Suzanne , Feo Rebecca , Trochsler Markus , Bruening Martin , Maddern Guy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited opportunities for surgeons to engage in active learning programs once they achieve Fellowship, especially for non‐technical skills such as communication. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating a peer‐based coaching program in non‐technical skill using video‐recorded patient consultations from a routine outpatient clinic.MethodsStandard outpatient consultations between consultant surgeons and patients were video recorded. The surgeon viewed the videos with a peer‐coach (senior surgeon) who helped identify areas of strength and areas for improvement. To test the effect of the coaching session, outpatient consultations were recorded roughly 1 month later. Pre and post‐coaching videos were assessed using the Maastricht History‐Taking and Advice Scoring – Global Rating List (MAAS), a common tool for evaluating non‐technical skills in clinicians.ResultsA total of 12 surgeons consented to participate. Coaching significantly improved MAAS scores (mean difference = −0.61; 95% CI (−0.88, −0.33); P < 0.0001). Surgeons were generally positive about the experience. All found the method of learning suitable, and most thought the process improved their skills. Most thought that coaching would improve patient outcomes and the majority thought they would participate in ongoing coaching as part of their employment.ConclusionThis supports the concept of surgical coaching as an effective tool to improve communication skills and the quality of surgical consultation. The next step is to expand beyond a voluntary cohort and link surgical coaching to improved patient outcomes.
EIF3B stabilizes PTGS2 expression by counteracting MDM2‐mediated ubiquitination to promote the development and progression of malignant melanoma
Authors: Fang Pengli , Han Yikai , Qu Yanhong , Wang Xin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Na , Li Guangshuai , Ma Wang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) is a neoplasm that develops from human melanocytes. It was reported that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B) is associated with multiple types of cancers, but its role in MM has not been reported. In the present study, we found that EIF3B was abundantly expressed in MM and was strongly related to lymphatic metastasis and pathological stage of MM patients. In addition, EIF3B depletion could block the progression of MM in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, EIF3B overexpression increased cell proliferation and migration in melanoma cells. More importantly, we identified that EIF3B's driver role in MM was mediated by PTGS2. In detail, we found that EIF3B stabilized PTGS2 expression by inhibiting PTGS2 ubiquitination, which is mediated by the E3 ligase MDM2. Moreover, like EIF3B, silencing PTGS2 could suppress MM development, and more interestingly, it could reverse the situation caused by overexpression of EIF3B in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the proliferation and migration inhibited by silencing of EIF3B were also partially recovered by overexpression of PTGS2. Overall, our findings revealed the potential of EIF3B as a therapeutic target for MM. Identification of EIF3B's function in MM may pave the way for future development of more specific and more effective targeted therapy strategies against MM.
miR‐92a‐3p encapsulated in bone metastatic mammary tumor cell–derived extracellular vesicles modulates mature osteoclast longevity
Authors: Uehara Norihisa , Kyumoto‐Nakamura Yukari , Mikami Yoshikazu , Hayatsu Manabu , Sonoda Soichiro , Yamaza Takayoshi , Kukita Akiko , Kukita Toshio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAberrant osteoclast formation and activation are the hallmarks of osteolytic metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released from bone metastatic tumor cells, play a pivotal role in the progression of osteolytic lesions. However, the mechanisms through which tumor cell–derived EVs regulate osteoclast differentiation and function have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that 4T1 bone metastatic mouse mammary tumor cell–derived EVs (4T1‐EVs) are taken up by mouse bone marrow macrophages to facilitate osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, treatment of mature osteoclasts with 4T1‐EVs promoted bone resorption, which was accompanied by enhanced survival of mature osteoclasts through the negative regulation of caspase‐3. By comparing the miRNA content in 4T1‐EVs with that in 67NR nonmetastatic mouse mammary tumor cell–derived EVs (67NR‐EVs), miR‐92a‐3p was identified as one of the most enriched miRNAs in 4T1‐EVs, and its transfer into mature osteoclasts significantly reduced apoptosis. Bioinformatic and Western blot analyses revealed that miR‐92a‐3p directly targeted phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in mature osteoclasts, resulting in increased levels of phospho‐Akt. Our findings provide novel insights into the EV‐mediated regulation of osteoclast survival through the transfer of miR‐92a‐3p, which enhances mature osteoclast survival via the Akt survival signaling pathway, thus promoting bone resorption.
Memory improvement in senile rats after prebiotic and probiotic supplementation is not induced by GLP‐1
Authors: Servín‐Casas Gabriela Andrea , Romo‐Araiza Alejandra , Gutierrez‐Salmean Gabriela , Martinez‐Solis Enrique , Ibarra‐García Andrea Paola , Cruz‐Martinez Yolanda , Rodriguez‐Barrera Roxana , García Elisa , Incontri‐Abraham Diego , Ibarra Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe mechanism underlying the memory improvement induced by prebiotic and probiotic supplementation remains unclear. Glucagon‐like peptide type 1 (GLP‐1) could play an important role since it is induced by prebiotics and enhances memory and learning.AimsWe correlated the levels of GLP‐1 with spatial memory in senile animals to determine its role in memory improvement after prebiotic and probiotic supplementation.MethodsSenile rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) water (control); (2) Enterococcus faecium (probiotic); (3) agave inulin (prebiotic); and (4) E. faecium + agave inulin (symbiotic). Each supplement was administered by an orogastric cannula for 5 weeks. In the fifth week, spatial memory was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test (MWM). We extracted the hippocampus, intestine, and serum. GLP‐1 levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsA significant decrease in escape latency time in the MWM was observed in all groups treated with supplements. The symbiotic group achieved the highest reduction (15.13 s ± 6.40) (p < 0.01). We did not find a significant increase in GLP‐1 levels nor a direct correlation of its levels with spatial memory improvement (p > 0.05).ConclusionPrebiotic and probiotic supplementation improved spatial memory in senile animals. However, this beneficial effect did not correlate with GLP‐1 levels.
Respiratory support for patients with COVID‐19: A national survey of respiratory departments in England
Authors: Bartlett‐Pestell Sam , Navaratnam Annakan V. , Adelaja Ini , Allen Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe developed a national survey to assess the changes implemented by respiratory departments across England in response to the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was sent to the respiratory clinical leads in 132 NHS trusts in England. The survey was open between 10 August 2020 and 25 September 2020.ResultsFifty‐three responses (42%) are included in our results.The total number of non‐critical care led Level 2 beds (requiring care for single organ failure—capable of managing continuous positive airways pressure, CPAP) increased by 159% at peak COVID activity from levels prior to COVID‐19. CPAP was used solely in side‐rooms in 9% of sites, and 57% and 31% of sites used CPAP in closed bays and closed wards, respectively.Fifteen sites (28%) reported shortages of non‐vented non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) masks and 12 sites (23%) CPAP machines. There was regional variation.ConclusionsThe number of beds capable of managing patients requiring CPAP increased significantly. We found deviations from previous standards of care, which likely reflects the pressure faced by hospitals in managing patients with COVID‐19. The regional variation in equipment shortages suggests moving resources between regions may have been beneficial.
CD56 and smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity in basal cell carcinomas: Are they indicators of differentiation or do they hold a diagnostic use?
Authors: Yirmibeş Selin , Adım Şaduman Balaban , Saraydaroğlu Özlem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy and may show various differentiations. The possible pluripotent stem cell lineage of BCCs, whose origins are controversial today, is thought to be the main reason for the different morphologies.The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of some neuroendocrine and smooth muscle markers of differentiation in BCCs and investigate the relationship between histopathologic subtypes and recurrence.MethodsA total of 128 cases diagnosed as BCC in our center were included. Immunohistochemical studies of CD56, synaptophysin, chromogranin‐A, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, caldesmon, and Ki67 were applied.ResultsCD56, chromogranin‐A, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity were detected in 77.3%, 13.3%, and 0.8% of the cases, respectively. 78.1% showed SMA positivity while no tumor expressed desmin or caldesmon. A correlation between histopathologic recurrence risk groups and CD56 expression was found (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCD56 and SMA immunoreactivity is present in the majority of BCCs. However, the available findings do not support neuroendocrine or smooth muscle differentiation. CD56 antigen can be used for prognostic purposes in detecting high recurrence risk tumors. After the investigation of the expression rates of these two antigens in different cutaneous tumors, it may be appropriate to use them for diagnostic purposes in BCCs.
Etiologic distribution of isolated trochlear palsy: Analysis of 1020 patients and literature review
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jae , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Choi Jeong‐Yoon , Yang Hee Kyung , Hwang Jeong‐Min , Kim Ji‐Soo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeTrochlear palsy is the most common cause of vertical diplopia. The etiologies of trochlear palsy have shown a large discrepancy among studies. This study aimed to establish the clinical features and underlying etiologies of isolated trochlear palsy by recruiting the patients from all departments in a referral‐based university hospital.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 1258 patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of isolated trochlear palsy at all departments of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea, from 2003 to 2020. We also compared the proportion of etiologies with that of the patients pooled from previous studies.ResultsThe most common etiology was congenital (n = 330, 32.4%), followed by idiopathic (n = 256, 25.1%), microvascular (n = 212, 20.8%), and traumatic (n = 145, 14.2%). These four etiologies explained 92.5% of isolated trochlear palsy. Patients were mostly managed by ophthalmologists (n = 841, 82.5%), followed by neurologists (n = 380, 37.3%), emergency physicians (n = 197, 19.3%), neurosurgeons (n = 75, 7.4%), and others (n = 18, 1.8%). The etiologic distribution of isolated trochlear palsy in the current study did not differ from that of 2664 patients pooled from the previous studies.ConclusionsThe proportion of etiologies of isolated trochlear palsy differs according to the age ranges of the patients and specialties involved in the management. The etiologic distribution of isolated trochlear palsy in the current study was comparable to the pooled result of previous reports.
Malaise of Indolence: (Dis)Engagements with the Future among Young Migrants in Shanghai
Authors: Richaud Lisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRural‐to‐urban migrants in China have often been portrayed as striving subjects, living in “suspension” for the sake of the entrepreneurial futures they desire. Drawing on fieldwork conducted alongside young café workers in Shanghai, this article highlights more ambivalent engagements with the future obscured by emphases, within the social sciences, on the intentional, active aspects of subjectivity. Relatedly, it analyzes moments of purposelessness as more than emotional downsides of precarity, in a context where official discourses of the “Chinese Dream” coexist with vernacular celebrations of indolence. Purposelessness is a form of refusal, allowing young migrants to dwell in the present, if only momentarily. Yet, the very act of articulating unwillingness through playful idioms of indolence does not mean embracing disengagement as a norm. Rather, it nurtures a sense of ethical discomfort and self‐responsibility. This malaise of indolence might prevent the translation of temporary disinvestment into a clear politics of refusal.
Improving the mechanical properties of enamel by nickel nanoparticle addition
Authors: Xu Kunshan , Xue Hongxi , Xie Yanni , Zhao Luning , Tian Jiapeng , Liu Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the mechanical properties of enamel and prolong its service life, the effects of nickel particles on the microscopic morphology and mechanical properties of enamel were studied by XRD, FTIR, DSC, SEM, porosity analyses, nanoindentation, and bending experiments, and the following conclusions were drawn. When the addition amount of Ni nanoparticles added to enamel ranges from 1 to 5 wt.%, the mechanical impact resistance of enamel is improved compared with no addition. With the addition of 1 wt.% Ni nanoparticles, it enhanced the toughness of the enamel and the maximum bending strength of the enamel was achieved, which was 10% higher than that of the samples without Ni nanoparticles. Therefore, the addition of the optimal Ni nanoparticle content of 1 wt.% significantly improved the performance of enameled pressure vessels.The findings in this work are valuable for extending the life of enamel‐coated pressure vessels and thus reducing accidents caused by them.
The effect of haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet score on the prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Solmaz Serife , Uzun Ozcan , Sevindik Omur Gokmen , Demirkan Fatih , Ozcan Mehmet Ali , Ozsan Guner Hayri , Alacacıoglu Inci 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn multiple myeloma cases, a variety of prognostic parameters have been identified, which contain the Durie‐Salmon classification and the international staging system (ISS) that takes the serum ß2 microglobulin and albumin levels, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR). This study investigates the effect of haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet (HALP) score which is a marker of inflammation status and nutrition, at the time of diagnosis for the patients with multiple myeloma on prognosis.MethodsA total of 200 multiple myeloma patients with HALP scores calculated from serum haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte count and platelet levels at the time of diagnosis were retrospectively examined. The effect of HALP score on overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival and its relationship between the previously evaluated prognostic parameters were investigated.ResultsThe optimal cut‐off value with the ROC curves for the HALP score was 28.8. The patients were divided into two groups according to the optimal value of the HALP score (low‐score group: HALP ≤28.8 [n: 134] and high‐score group HALP >28.8 [n: 66]). In the group with the high HALP score, the OS was statistically longer than the low HALP score group (84 months and 53 months; p = 0.0001). In addition, when the effects of NLR, PLR, HALP score and ISS stage on OS were examined by multivariate analysis, all these markers were found to be statistically significant predictors.ConclusionsHALP score may be a valuable prognostic marker for patients with multiple myeloma.
Convolutional neural network models for automatic diagnosis and graduation in skin frostbite
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Fu Lin , Zhang Wen , Li Dongjie , Zhang Ming , Xu Zineng , Bai Hailong , Ding Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to develop and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based deep learning method for automatic diagnosis and graduation of skin frostbite. A dataset of 71 annotated images was used for the training, the validation, and the testing based on ResNet‐50 model. The performances were evaluated with the test set. The diagnosis and graduation performance of our approach was compared with two residents from burns department. The approach correctly identified all the frostbite of IV (18/18, 100%), but with respectively 1 mistake in the diagnosis of degree I (29/30, 96.67%), II (28/29, 96.55%) and III (37/38, 97.37%). The accuracy of the approach on the whole test set was 97.39% (112/115). The accuracy of the two residents were respectively 77.39% and 73.04%. Weighted Kappa of 0.583 indicates good reliability between the two residents (P = .445). Kendall's coefficient of concordance is 0.326 (P = .548), indicating differences in accuracy between the approach and the two residents. Our approach based on CNNs demonstrated an encouraging performance for the automatic diagnosis and graduation of skin frostbite, with higher accuracy and efficiency.
From selective dissolution to crystal chemistry of brownmillerite in sulfate resisting cement
Authors: Mériot Alexis , de Noirfontaine Marie‐Noëlle , Courtial Mireille , Izoret Laurent , Tusseau‐Nenez Sandrine , Labourel Mélanie , Gauffinet Sandrine , Dunstetter Frédéric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to extract brownmillerite from sulfate resisting Portland cement (SRPC) in order to determine its crystal chemistry and the effects of dissolution protocols. Brownmillerites (C4AF) from four SRPC were extracted and systematically studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy.Two extraction steps were used. The first is the salicylic acid/methanol (SAM) protocol that leaves a residue rich in ferrite, C3A and sulfates. Precipitated hydrated sulfate minerals are also observed for clinker with high molar SO3/Na2Oeq ratio. The second, developed in this paper, uses acetic acid (AcA) extraction to dissolve C3A and sulfates.The Rietveld refinements showed that all brownmillerites of this study crystallize in Ibm2 space group. Two families of brownmillerite were identified by their aluminum content and cell parameters, related to the presence of C3A in the clinker. EPMA indicated that ferrites from SR0 and SR3 cements have Al/Fe ratios about 0.7 and 0.8–1.0, respectively. XRD allows to predict the (Al+Mg+Si)/Fe ratio in brownmillerite in good agreement with EPMA. The SAM protocol is the best way to study crystal chemistry of brownmillerite and the AcA protocol is recommended to dissolve sulfates and C3A for further reactivity studies.
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel analgesic conotoxin Lt7b that inhibits calcium currents and increases sodium currents
Authors: Wu Yun , Yang Manyi , Li Yubin , Zhang Wei , Zhou Maojun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConotoxins are promising neuropharmacological tools and drug candidates due to their high efficiency and specificity in targeting ion channels or neurotransmitter receptors. In this study, a novel O2‐superfamily conotoxin, Lt7b, was synthesized and its pharmacological functions were evaluated. Lt7b with three modified amino acids and three disulfide bonds was successfully synthesized. CD spectra showed that Lt7b had a typical α‐helix in the secondary structure. Patch clamp experiments on rat DRG neurons showed that Lt7b could significantly inhibit calcium currents with an IC50 value of 856 ± 95 nM. Meanwhile, 10 μM Lt7b could significantly increase the sodium currents by 77 ± 8%, but it had no obvious effects on the potassium currents in DRG neurons. In addition, patch clamp experiments on ion channel subtypes showed that 10 μM Lt7b could inhibit 7.0 ± 1.2%, 8.0 ± 1.5%, 4.6 ± 3.4%, and 9.5 ± 0.1% of the hCav1.2, hCav2.1, hCav2.2, and hCav3.2 currents, respectively, while it did not increase the rNav1.7, rNav1.8, hNav1.5, hNav1.7, and hNav1.8 currents. Lt7b had no obvious toxicity to HaCaT and ND7/23 cells up to 1 mM and significantly increased the pain threshold at the testing time of 0.5–4 h in a dose‐dependent manner in the mouse hotplate assay. This novel conotoxin Lt7b may be a useful tool for ion channel studies and analgesic drug development.