bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decadal Sea Ice Prediction in the West Antarctic Seas with Ocean and Sea Ice Initializations
Authors: Morioka Yushi , Iovino Doroteaciro , Cipollone Andrea , Masina Simona , Behera Swadhin K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntarctic sea ice plays an important role in the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water that travels over global oceans and affects global climate. Here we demonstrate that decadal sea ice variability in the west Antarctic seas can be predicted with significant skills using a coupled general circulation model. We present three decadal reforecast experiments where only sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration, or sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration and subsurface ocean temperature and salinity are initialized with observations. We find that initializing all three components leads to the highest prediction skills of the sea ice concentration in the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea. This experiment captures decadal sea ice increase after the late 2000s, which is linked to anomalous sea ice advection from the Ross Sea and anomalous subsurface ocean cooling by the strengthened Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Skillful prediction of decadal sea ice variability benefits from combined ocean and sea ice initializations.
Mapping global acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qian , Hu Simeng , Du Fanxing , Zang Shujie , Xing Yuting , Qu Zhiqiang , Zhang Xu , Lin Leesa , Hou Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic exit strategies depend on widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. We aim to estimate the global acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, and their variations across populations, countries, time, and sociodemographic subgroups.

Methods
We searched four peer-reviewed databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and EBSCO) for papers published in English from December 1, 2019 to February 27, 2022. This review included original survey studies which investigated acceptance or uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, and study quality was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. We reported the pooled acceptance or uptake rates and 95% confidence interval (CI) using meta-analysis with a random-effects model.

Results
Among 15690 identified studies, 519 articles with 7,990,117 participants are eligible for meta-analysis. The global acceptance and uptake rate of COVID-19 vaccination are 67.8% (95% CI: 67.1–68.6) and 42.3% (95% CI: 38.2–46.5), respectively. Among all population groups, pregnant/breastfeeding women have the lowest acceptance (54.0%, 46.3–61.7) and uptake rates (7.3%, 1.7–12.8). The acceptance rate varies across countries, ranging from 35.9% (34.3–37.5) to 86.9% (81.4–92.5) for adults, and the lowest acceptance is found in Russia, Ghana, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria (below 50%). The acceptance rate declines globally in 2020, then recovers from December 2020 to June 2021, and further drops in late 2021. Females, those aged < 60 years old, Black individuals, those with lower education or income have the lower acceptance than their counterparts. There are large gaps (around 20%) between acceptance and uptake rates for populations with low education or income.

Conclusion
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance needs to be improved globally. Continuous vaccine acceptance monitoring is necessary to inform public health decision making.
Communicative Fluency and the Experience of Stuttering: A Viewpoint
Authors: Usler Evan 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Despite ambiguity in meaning and usage, “fluency” has played a central role in the understanding and treatment of developmental stuttering. The appropriateness of the term
fluency
in association with so-called
fluency disorders
, such as stuttering, has recently been questioned. The purpose of this article is to propose that fluency is best conceptualized as the efficiency of goal-directed action through cybernetic function. Spoken utterances are examples of sequences of action for the fulfillment of a hierarchy of nested and increasingly abstract social goals, including behaviors (e.g., introducing oneself) and values (e.g., being a sociable person). In contrast, some moments of speech disfluency, such as stuttering disfluencies, are inefficiencies in goal-directed action that may or may not hinder the fulfillment of higher level communicative behaviors and values, described here as
communicative fluency
.

Conclusions:
The concept of communicative fluency refers to the continual, reliable, and upward fulfillment of increasingly abstract social goals in the form of communicative actions, behaviors, and values. This expanded conceptualization of fluency beyond simply speech production has the potential to be a useful indicator of psychosocial well-being for individuals who stutter.
Covid-19: Auswirkungen auf den Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Sperrer Martin , Buchholz Hendrik , Rettig Gudrun , Faiss Siegbert 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Zeitalter der Omikronwellen hat sich das Pandemiegeschehen noch einmal
gewandelt. Die größte Hürde waren im Gegensatz zu den
ersten Wellen nicht die vielen schwerstkranken Patienten, sondern die
Personalausfälle durch die Infektionen. Die schweren Verläufe
sind trotz der hohen Infektionszahlen im Januar bis März weitestgehend
von den Intensivstationen ferngeblieben. Unter den niedrigen Infektionszahlen
ist ein Durchatmen, ein persönlicher Austausch bei Kongressen und fast
vorpandemisches Arbeiten wieder möglich. In Hinblick auf erneute Wellen
besteht die Herausforderung darin ein Umfeld zu schaffen, dass
gastroenterologische Behandlung und Diagnostik im benötigten Umfang
gewährleisten kann ohne dabei Personal oder Patient:innen zu
gefährden. Dazu ist eine konsequente Strategie aus Testung, gesteigerten
Hygieneschutzmaßnahmen und nicht zuletzt Immunisierung notwendig.
Die Bedeutung des Darm-Mikrobioms für die Alzheimer-Demenz
Authors: Adler Georg 
Published: September 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Unter dem Darm-Mikrobiom versteht man die Summe der Genome der Mikrobiota des menschlichen Darms. Die Bedeutung des Darm-Mikrobiota für Entwicklung, Verlauf und Behandlung der Alzheimer-Demenz hat in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmendes Interesse gefunden, sodass mittlerweile zahlreiche Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema publiziert wurden.
Ziel Darstellung des aktuellen Stands der Forschung zur Bedeutung des Darm-Mikrobioms für Entwicklung, Verlauf und Behandlung der Alzheimer-Demenz.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion Bei Patienten mit Alzheimer-Demenz wurden Veränderungen des Mikrobioms beschrieben, insbesondere eine Abnahme der Diversität sowie eine Zunahme bzw. Abnahme bestimmter Stämme und Klassen von Bakterien. Ähnliche Veränderungen fanden sich bei Diabetes mellitus und Übergewicht, bekannten Risikofaktoren für die Alzheimer-Demenz, sowie mit zunehmendem Lebensalter. Schließlich sind auch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Alzheimer-Demenz verbunden. Es gibt verschiedene Mechanismen, über die das Darm-Mikrobiom die Krankheitsprozesse, die der Alzheimer-Demenz zugrunde liegen, beeinflussen kann. Am besten belegt erscheint die Verstärkung von Entzündungsprozessen durch eine vermehrte Durchlässigkeit der Darmbarriere für entzündungsfördernde Bakterienmetabolite und -bestandteile. Diese Zusammenhänge haben schon Therapieversuche ausgelöst, die insbesondere mit Pro- und Präbiotika auf eine Modifikation des Darm-Mikrobioms abzielen.
Zinc Acetate Catalyzed Stereoselective 1,2-trans-Glycosylation Using Glycosyl Chlorides
Authors: Babu Tatina Madhu , Ali Mohammad Saif , Ramesh P. I. , Ghosh Subhash 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report a strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-trans-glycosides in the absence of neighboring group participation. The present protocol for the selective glycosylation mainly relies on catalyst control rather than protecting group selection. By using this protocol, several glycosides were prepared. Zinc acetate was found to be the optimal catalyst, providing the desired 1,2-trans-glycosides from glucose- and mannose-derived glycosyl halides at room temperature instead of low-temperature conditions.
Vascular Abnormalities in a Pelvic Ectopic Kidney: How a Dissection-Based Program Improves the Knowledge of Clinical Anatomy
Authors: Dawalibi Ahmad , Mazhar Muhammad Atif , Qazi Sadia , Ganguly Paul , Behiery Ayman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnatomy is a vital basic science for safe and effective medical practice and its significance increases several folds when it is taught in a clinically relevant manner. In today's time-compressed modern medical curricula, the importance of dissection-based anatomy programs is integral to teaching–learning outcome. Sound anatomical knowledge is critical to safe clinical and surgical practice as it is fundamental to the career of future doctors. In this pictorial essay, we present a case of a left ectopic pelvic kidney during one of the faculty-guided dissection sessions at the Alfaisal University. Such an anomaly motivated students to perform further meticulous dissection and to engage in detailed discussions after identifying associated abnormal findings. It is believed that these practices at the very start of the medical journey of students will effectively enhance their clinical reasoning skills by integrating basic and clinical anatomy.
Convergence effect of the Belt and Road Initiative on income disparity: evidence from China
Authors: Qin Bo , Zeng Dongmei , Gao Angang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe international economic effects of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have received much attention, but few studies have focused on the impact of the BRI on domestic regional income disparities. Here, a theoretical framework is proposed based on the logic of public policy analysis in economic geography aiming at studying the impact of the BRI on the convergence of inter-city income disparities in China. Specifically, taking the BRI as a quasi-natural experiment, the impact of the BRI on the convergence of inter-city income disparities in 26 provinces of China is studied empirically using the difference-in-differences method. We find that the BRI has indeed contributed to the convergence of regional income disparities, and this convergence effect is continuously dynamic in its nature. The effects of trade opening and industrial structure transformation are the paths through which the BRI contributes to the convergence of income disparities. Furthermore, we find that there is significant heterogeneity in the effects of the BRI on the convergence of income disparities among cities in different provinces in China. The convergence effect of the BRI on the income disparities among cities in East China is small and insignificant, whereas it can significantly reduce the income disparities among cities in Central and West China. The research in this article has important application value for exploration of the regional income distribution effect of the BRI.
Chronic hepatitis B management in six South Australian Aboriginal community controlled health services
Authors: Larkin Michael , Mahmood Mohammad , Ward James , Hummerston Beth , Johnson David , Laurence Caroline 
Published: September 2022

Background Chronic hepatitis B is a significant public health issue; however, there is limited understanding of the engagement in primary health care of Aboriginal people living with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods To better understand the management of CHB, diagnostic reports and case note audits were conducted in six South Australian Aboriginal community controlled health services. The audits covered the initial assessment, CHB monitoring, and hepatocellular carcinoma screening. The initial assessment was reviewed by auditing client clinical records for the first 12 months from the date of diagnosis, whereas CHB monitoring and hepatocellular carcinoma screening were determined by auditing a 12-month sample period (January to December 2019). Associations with CHB monitoring were determined using a Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test P-values, as appropriate. Results There were 50 current clients with a diagnosis of CHB at the time of the audit (January 2020). Testing was incomplete for the initial assessment, CHB monitoring and hepatocellular carcinoma screening. There were significant associations between the increased likelihood of accessing monitoring and the number of times a person attended an Aboriginal community controlled health service, accessing care in a more remote region, having a documented recall and having a GP management plan containing CHB. Conclusion Through providing evidence of significant associations between having a recall set and GP management plans with increased uptake of disease monitoring, this study has highlighted areas for improvement in clinical management.
Computational Thinking and Mental Models: Promoting Digital Culture in the Youth and Adult Education
Authors: Ortiz Julia S B , Moreira Carolina , Menezes Krissia , Ferrari Bernardo , Silva Junior Deógenes , Pereira Roberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Computational thinking is an ability that has been considered essential for people living in a society mediated by technology. This ability can also be helpful to people with little or no experience with technology, for practicing basic Computational Thinking skills may help understanding how a technological device works and can be used. However, to the best of our knowledge, little research has addressed Computational Thinking and its relation with Digital Culture, especially for reducing the digital divide. In this article, we draw on the notion of Mental Models to relate Computational Thinking and Digital Culture. We claim that practicing basic Computational Thinking skills when exploring simple prototypes favors building Mental Models that are useful to understand and progress in the usage of technologies, contributing to developing a Digital Culture. To situate our discussion, we present a case study that engaged adults, in their initial stages of literacy, in activities that grew from basic ones, with a low-fidelity ATM prototype, to more complex ones with a functional ATM prototype. Evaluation methods used were voting, feedback, structured observation and unstructured interviews. Results suggested our approach is promising as participants gained confidence and increased autonomy as the activities progressed, using the experience and knowledge they obtained from previous activities to perform the next ones.
Neuropathology and Ophthalmological Pathology of Fatal Central Nervous System Injuries in Young Children: Forensic Neuropathology of Deaths of Children Under Age 2, 2008–2016, in Central Missouri
Authors: Miller Douglas C , Stacy C Christopher , Duff Deiter J , Guo Shunhua , Morse Patrick 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonaccidental head injuries are significant causes of morbidity and mortality among young children. Despite broad agreement among medical experts, controversies remain over diagnostic criteria, including from autopsies, because of opinions expressed by a small group of expert witnesses who testify for defendants in suspected child homicide cases. We reviewed 249 autopsies in children 2 years old and younger from the files of our Medical Examiner office in the University of Missouri School of Medicine done between January 1, 2008 and December, 31, 2016. Because of gradually instituted mandatory examination of spinal cords and retinas, we had 127 autopsies with brain examinations by a neuropathologist plus retinal examinations of which 67 also had spinal cord examinations. Results were correlated with clinical records, police and EMS reports, and imaging. We found that subdural hematomas, cerebral edema, and retinal hemorrhages were mostly limited to autopsy findings in children who suffered from fatal head trauma, whether accidental (3 cases) or inflicted (14); they were not encountered in cases of homicide by other mechanisms or from natural diseases including infections, brain tumors, SIDS/SUID, or SUDC. Two cases with no other evidence of head trauma had focal retinal hemorrhages. We advocate for examination of retinas and spinal cords in all autopsies of children in this age group.
Risk of Long COVID in People Infected With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 After 2 Doses of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine: Community-Based, Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Ayoubkhani Daniel , Bosworth Matthew L , King Sasha , Pouwels Koen B , Glickman Myer , Nafilyan Vahé , Zaccardi Francesco , Khunti Kamlesh , Alwan Nisreen A , Walker A Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigated long COVID incidence by vaccination status in a random sample of UK adults from April 2020 to November 2021. Persistent symptoms were reported by 9.5% of 3090 breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and 14.6% of unvaccinated controls (adjusted odds ratio, 0.59 [95% confidence interval, .50–.69]), emphasizing the need for public health initiatives to increase population-level vaccine uptake.
At least it is a dry cold: the global distribution of freeze–thaw and drought stress and the traits that may impart poly-tolerance in conifers
Authors: McCulloh Katherine A , Augustine Steven P , Goke Alex , Jordan Rachel , Krieg Christopher P , O’Keefe Kimberly , Smith Duncan D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conifers inhabit some of the most challenging landscapes where multiple abiotic stressors (e.g., aridity, freezing temperatures) often co-occur. Physiological tolerance to multiple stressors (‘poly-tolerance’) is thought to be rare because exposure to one stress generally limits responses to another through functional trade-offs. However, the capacity to exhibit poly-tolerance may be greater when combined abiotic stressors have similar physiological impacts, such as the disruption of hydraulic function imposed by drought or freezing. Here, we reviewed empirical data in light of theoretical expectations for conifer adaptations to drought and freeze–thaw cycles with particular attention to hydraulic traits of the stem and leaf. Additionally, we examined the commonality and spatial distribution of poly-stress along indices of these combined stressors. We found that locations with the highest values of our poly-stress index (PSi) are characterized by moderate drought and moderate freeze–thaw, and most of the global conifer distribution occupies areas of moderate poly-stress. Among traits examined, we found diverse responses to the stressors. Turgor loss point did not correlate with freeze–thaw or drought stress individually, but did with the PSi, albeit inverse to what was hypothesized. Leaf mass per area was more strongly linked with drought stress than the poly-stress and not at all with freeze–thaw stress. In stems, the water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity became more negative with increasing drought stress and poly-stress but did not correlate with freeze–thaw stress. For these traits, we identified a striking lack of coverage for substantial portions of species ranges, particularly at the upper boundaries of their respective PSis, demonstrating a critical gap in our understanding of trait prevalence and plasticity along these stress gradients. Future research should investigate traits that confer tolerance to both freeze–thaw and drought stress in a wide range of species across broad geographic scales.
Predatory Publications
Authors: Six-Means Amy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The most recognized route for authors to get their articles disseminated is through journals, which are then subscribed to by individuals and/or organizations who pay for these subscriptions. These subscriptions cover the cost of reviewing, editing, publishing, and archiving articles. Once a manuscript is accepted and published, authors usually give copyright ownership for their work to the publisher. Shortly after publishers moved to electronic formats and access, the era of “open access” journals began. Although there are different models of open access, the basic model, which allows anyone to read, download, and print articles freely, uses a different method to finance publication of articles. Rather than subscription based, authors pay for the cost of the publishers reviewing, editing, publishing, and archiving their manuscripts—which is practiced by both scholarly and predatory publishers. The primary purpose of scholarly publishing is to advance science, technology, and medicine; the purpose of predatory publishers is less ethical and more monetarily driven. Although knowledge of predatory practices is growing, many authors are unfamiliar with this, do not realize the consequences, and do not know how to recognize a predatory publisher. This has consequences to them professionally but, within health care, also has negative consequences to research, practice, and patient care. This article will briefly cover what the major differences between scholarly and predatory publications are, what impact they could have, and how to identify them for both researchers and authors.
Precision Mapping of Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Lead Positions Associated with the Microlesion Effect in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Morishita Takashi , Sakai Yuki , Iida Hitoshi , Yoshimura Saki , Fujioka Shinsuke , Oda Kazunori , Tanaka Saori C. , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe microlesion effect is refers to the improvement of clinical symptoms after deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead placement and is suggested to indicate optimal lead placement. This phenomenon is well known for movement disorders, such as essential tremors and Parkinson disease, but very few studies have reported its implications in neuropsychiatric disorders. Our aim was to evaluate the magnitude of the microlesion effect in Tourette syndrome (TS) and the relationship between the microlesion effect and the anatomical location of implanted DBS leads.MethodsThis study included 6 consecutive patients who underwent DBS for severe TS. All patients were male and their mean age was 28.5 ± 10.5 years. All patients were videotaped at baseline and on postoperative day (POD) 7, and motor and phonic tic frequencies were recorded. We also analyzed the precision of lead placement in normalized brain space and evaluated the normative connectome associated with precise electrode positions for improvement of tics.ResultsThe microlesion effect was observed as an improvement in tic symptoms in all patients. The median motor tic frequency was 20.2 tics/min (range, 9.7–60) at baseline and decreased to 3.2 tics/min (1.2–11.3) on POD 1 (z = −2.20, p = 0.028) and 5.7 tics/min (range, 1.9–16.6) on POD 7 (z = −2.20, p = 0.028). The median phonic tic frequency was 10.5 tics/min (range, 2.0−58.7) at baseline and decreased to 0.7 tics/min (range, 0−14.4) on POD 1 (z = −1.78, p = 0.075) and 2.25 tics/min (range, 1.3−13.7) on POD 7 (z = −1.57, p = 0.116). Image analyses revealed that the precise position of the electrode was directed toward the anteromedial centromedian nucleus. Normative connectome analysis demonstrated connections between improvement-related areas and wide areas of the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionThis study shows that the microlesion effect may appear as an immediate improvement following DBS lead placement even in patients with TS. Our results support the existence of a “sweet spot” for tic suppression in patients with severe TS, and clinicians should pay attention to this phenomenon in the postoperative evaluation of the lead position.