bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Provision of Mental Health Care for Service Users With Complex Needs Who Are at Risk of Suicide
Authors: Saini Pooja , Balmer Anna , Sambrook Laura , Roks Hana , McIntyre Jason , Martin Antony , Tait Jackie , Ashley-Mudie Peter , Shetty Amrith , Nathan Rajan 
Published: June 2022

AimsIndividuals presenting with complex behavioural and mental health needs may not receive the provision of care needed. Those presenting with a more complex clinical presentation may have a history of self-harm and suicide attempts. A common risk factor for preceding suicide is previous self-harm, suicide attempts or discharge from inpatient units. Understanding the descriptive symptom domains for inpatients and those treated in the community and the relationship between them could inform suicide prevention. The aim of this study was to explore the extent of self-harm and suicidal behaviours in individuals with complex mental health needs across inpatient and community settings.MethodsA cohort study design of in-depth written medical notes (n = 80) for people who were known to have complex mental health needs across inpatient and community settings. Data were extracted from medical records onto a coproduced questionnaire. As well as demographic data, information was collated about previous self-harm, suicide planning, suicide attempts, and support seeking regarding suicidal thoughts. The study will include a quantitative in-depth description and inferential analysis of the demographic clinical characteristics of the patient group.ResultsMedical case notes were reviewed for 80 service users with complex mental health needs. Across both groups, approximately three-quarters of participants had previously self-harmed (76%), or planned suicide (n = 73%), and/or attempted suicide (63%). Self-harm (83% vs. 70%) and suicide attempts (72% vs. 65%) were more prevalent in the inpatient group compared to the community group. Social support was received more by community patients than inpatients (70% vs. 50%), even though inpatients were more likely to sough help when experiencing suicidal thoughts compared to people cared for in the community (38% vs. 30%). In both groups, there were often multiple suicide plans and attempts made over their timeline of contact with services.ConclusionSelf-harm, suicide planning, and suicide attempts were prevalent for people treated across both inpatient and community settings. Self-harm and suicide planning was indicative of a later suicide attempt within both settings. In those experiencing suicidal thoughts, few had sought help, suggesting the importance in staff training to enable then to recognise and identify patterns of self-harming and suicidal behaviours in individuals with complex mental health needs. Social support needs for inpatients should be increased, particularly when they sought help for suicidal thoughts. This may help to reduce length of stays in hospital or future readmissions to hospital; thus, reducing the cost implications for the NHS mental health services.
Effectiveness of Single Therapeutic Project in Adolescents With Attempted Suicide And/or Self-Harm
Authors: de Almeida Junior José Robson Samara Rodrigues , Konno Yoichi Takaki , Santos Nágila Batista Lúcio , Parreira Gabriel Silveira , Cenedesi Loíse Maria Tiozzo , Fernandes Bianca Besteti , Carvalho Pedro Henrique Ferreira 
Published: June 2022

AimsBrazil is the eighth in number of suicides in the American continent, and 4th in the number of suicides in Latin America. From 2011–2016, there were 33,269 cases in women and 14,931 in men, with 24.1% and 17.2% in populations aged 10–19 years, respectively. Regarding self-harm, there were 116,113 cases (25.9%), and 60,098 cases (19.6%). And in both, the recurrence rate was high, with 25.3–33.1%. Properly employed, the Singular Therapeutic Project (STP) can prevent further events and even completed suicide. In this way, there is a reduction in stigma in this population and for family members, adequacy of mental health services, in addition to lower public spending on hospitalizations. We analysed the effectiveness of the STP in cases of suicide attempt and self-harm, in an outpatient setting, through the comparison of a group of patients with more adherence with the STP, in relation to the group with less adherence in a multidisciplinary context.MethodsIt was a retrospective cohort, with adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, from the south of Sao Jose do Rio Preto (Brazil), during the period of 2015–2019, with follow-up for more than 3 months.To analyze the behavior of numerical variables, descriptive statistics, boxplot plots and the specific test for Kolmogorov-Smirnov will be considered. Comparisons of continuous variables between two independent groups will be performed using Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test; comparisons of categorical variables with Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 88 patients, 79.5% of whom were girls, 1.1% were illiterate, 34.2% were referred from the health unit, 29.5% from the hospital emergency. Patients with new episodes of suicide attempts accounted for 14.7% (1 attempt −10.2%, 2–1.1%, 3–3.4%), and self-harm 23.8% (1–12.5%, 2–2.3%, 4–4.5%, 5–2.3%, 6–1.1%, 7–1.1%).There was no statistical significance between the group with adherence to STP and without adherence in relation to new suicide attempts (p = 1.0) and recurrence of self-harm (p = 0.309). In addition, both outcomes were not statistically significant with sociodemographic data, psychoactive substance use, and negative life events.ConclusionThe adolescents' adherence on STP was not associated in recurrence of suicide attempts and self-harm. We hypothesized that the sample size may have influenced the power of the statistical analysis. This pilot study is the first phase of the still ongoing study on all city.
Do Chronotypes Influence Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Sleep Quality Among the Doctors? – a Cross-Sectional Study From India
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Prathyusha , Simiyon Manjula , Mani Manikandan , Thilakan Pradeep 
Published: June 2022

AimsThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use and its association with the chronotypes among the doctors of a medical college hospital in Puducherry, India. It also aimed to assess the feasibility of the University of Rochester Modified CAGE Questionnaire as a brief screening tool for problematic mobile phone use.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. After obtaining the Institutional ethics committee approval, doctors including consultants, higher trainees, core-trainees, and junior doctors working in various departments were approached and requested to participate in the study. Those who agreed were provided with the participant information sheet and written informed consent was obtained. Part-A of the questionnaire contained requests for personal and professional details and part B had the following questionnaires to assess problematic mobile phone use, chronotypes, phantom ringing and vibration and, sleep quality.
•Problematic use of mobile phone scale (PUMP)•Reduced Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (r MEQ)•Questionnaire for Phantom ringing and Phantom vibration•The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)•University of Rochester Modified CAGE Questionnaire•Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Nonparametric tests were used as the data were skewed. The data were summarized by frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and median and interquartile range for continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to find the association between two categorical variables. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the chronotype with the continuous variables such as CAGE total, PUMP, and PSQ score. Correlation between different continuous variables was studied by using Spearman rank correlations. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the concordance between PUMP and the University of Rochester Modified CAGE questionnaire.ResultsNeither type (NT) was the most common chronotype (41.5%), followed by morning type (38%) and evening type (20%). Eight (5.6%) doctors had problematic mobile phone use, and 38(26.8%) had poor sleep quality. Evening chronotype (p-value- 0.002), being a female (p-value- 0.014), working in a clinical department (p-value 0.017) and experiencing phantom ringing (p-value- 0.001) had significant association with higher PUMP score. Even though females had a higher median PUMP score, problematic mobile phone use was more among males. University of Rochester Modified CAGE Questionnaire had a sensitivity of 81.73% (73–88.6%), and a specificity of 28.95% (15.4–45.9%).ConclusionDoctors should be aware of their mobile phone usage. This study has reiterated the predilection evening chronotype has for behavioral addictions and doctors of evening type should be extra cautious.
Assessing the Impact of Pre-Existing Mental Health and Neurocognitive Disorders on the Mortality and Severity of COVID-19 in Those Aged Over 18 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Thomas Catrin , Williams Laura , Dhandapani Asha , Bhattacharyya Sarmishtha 
Published: June 2022

AimsSince the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, evidence suggests that people with underlying mental health disorders have worse outcomes from COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on people with pre-existing mental health or neurocognitive disorder including COVID-19 related mortality and severity.MethodsWe conducted systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library for articles published between 1 December 2019 and 15 March 2021. The language was restricted to English. We included all case control, cohort and cross sectional studies that reported raw data on COVID-19 associated mortality and severity in participants aged 18 years or older with a pre-existing mental health or neurocognitive disorder compared to those without. Three independent reviewers extracted data according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the 9-star Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We calculated the odds ratio as the summary measure along with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The random effects model was used to calculate the overall pooled risk estimates. COVID-19 related mortality was the primary outcome measure. The secondary outcome measure was COVID-19 related severity, defined as intensive care unit admission or use of mechanical ventilation.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis comprising of 8,021,164 participants. There was a statistically significant increased risk of mortality for participants with a pre-existing mental health or neurocognitive disorder compared to those without (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.63–2.90, P < .00001). Increased mortality risk was found on subgroup analysis for participants with pre-existing schizophrenia (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.38–4.71, P = .003) and dementia (OR = 3.83, 95% CI = 2.42–6.06, P < .00001). There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of illness when comparing the two groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of participants with comorbid diabetes and chronic lung disease in those with a pre-existing mental health or neurocognitive disorder compared to those without.ConclusionThe results show that people over 18 years with a pre-existing mental health or neurocognitive disorder have an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 and are more likely to have comorbid diabetes and chronic lung disease. These results highlight the need for better physical health monitoring and management for this group of people and better integration of mental and physical health services, as well as adding to the evidence that they should be prioritised in the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination schedules worldwide.
Microbiome Modulators and Mood Disorders: Using a Multi-Strain Probiotic - Bio-Kult® Advanced - in Patients With Low Mood
Authors: Aswani Deepti , Day Richard , Vijayakumar Vineetha , Naghibi Malwina , Wolstenholme Nicola , Barker Grace 
Published: June 2022

AimsThe aim of this proof-of-concept study was to understand the effect of daily intake of a 14-strain probiotic on mood, reward learning and emotional and cognitive processing in adults with low mood in the absence of prescribed medication. Salivary cortisol was measured as a marker for physiological stress.MethodsIn this parallel-group double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 healthy adults with self-identified low mood were randomised to receive either the 14-strain probiotic or placebo for a duration of 4 weeks. Data were collected from participants at baseline (week 0) and post-intervention (week 4).ResultsProbiotic intake significantly reduced depression scores (by 50%) compared to baseline, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale (p < 0.05). Analysis of individual items in the PHQ-9 revealed that participants taking probiotics reported improved concentration relative to baseline (+ 51%, p < 0.05) and felt less tired compared to placebo (−21%, p < 0.01).Regarding emotional processing, the probiotic group was more accurate at recognising facial expressions compared to those receiving placebo (facial emotion recognition test, +12%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the probiotic group performed less well at the reward learning task relative to the placebo group (probabilistic instrumental learning task, p < 0.05) and was less vigilant to emotional cues compared neutral cues (dot-probe unmasked test, −8%, P < 0.05). The probiotic group also showed increased susceptibility to emotional interference during a cognitive learning task, relative to placebo (auditory visual learning task, −18% p < 0.05).The study also revealed a downward trend in salivary cortisol in the probiotic group over 4 weeks.Together, these results suggest that probiotics may work via a different psychological mechanism to that of conventional antidepressants. In other words, probiotics may work by reducing emotional salience across all emotions whereas conventional antidepressants are thought to work by increasing bias to positive emotional cues and decreasing bias to negative ones.ConclusionThese data suggest that intake of Bio-Kult® Advanced has an effect on mood and that this is achieved in ways distinct from the effects of pharmacological antidepressants. While more research is needed, these results suggest that certain probiotics could form part of an ‘early intervention’ strategy for people experiencing low mood. A second randomised controlled trial (currently recruiting) will provide data on this intervention in patients with a formal diagnosis of depression undergoing concurrent pharmacological treatment.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03801655
Genetic Polymorphisms Are Differentially Associated With Affective Outcomes in Adolescents With and Without ADHD
Authors: Welker Tünde É. , Angyal Nóra , Nemoda Zsófia , Pászthy Bea , Réthelyi János , Bunford Nora 
Published: June 2022

AimsVarious genetic polymorphisms have been associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and some of these have also been implicated in individual differences in affective processing. Yet, no studies to date have examined the complex interrelations across these genetic polymorphisms, ADHD, and affective processing. Several variables (e.g., age, ethnicity, sex) have been shown to affect whether a given genetic variant confers risk. Our aim was to examine whether relevant genetic variants differentially confer risk for negative affectivity (NA) and/or emotion dysregulation (ED), depending on ADHD status.MethodsParticipants were n = 297 adolescents (Mage=15.30 years; SD = 1.06; 60.27% boys) with (n = 83) and without (DSM-5) ADHD. ADHD- and affective processing-related dopaminergic and serotonergic polymorphisms were genotyped (i.e., DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA (rs1800497), dopamine receptor DRD4 exon-3 48 bp VNTR, and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region 5-HTTLPR including the rs25531). Affectivity and ED were measured via parent- and/or self-report.ResultsWe first calculated bivariate correlations between polymorphisms, affectivity, and ED then compared the obtained (Fisher's r to z-transformed) values between with and without ADHD groups. There were no correlations that were significant – but several differed – across groups. In youth without ADHD, carrying the DRD2 rs1800497 T-allele was negatively associated both with negative affectivity (pcorr=.033) and with self-rated ED (pcorr=0.039). In youth with ADHD, carrying the DRD4 VNTR 7-repeat allele was positively associated with self-rated ED (pcorr=0.008), and carrying the L'L’ relative to the low-expression S’ serotonergic allele was also positively associated with parent-rated ED (pcorr=.042)ConclusionDifferences across with and without ADHD groups with regard to correlations between genetic polymorphisms - previously implicated in both ADHD and affective processing - and negative affectivity and emotion dysregulation indicate that certain genetic variants may differentially confer risk for affective outcomes, given ADHD status. These results have implications for targeted prevention of adolescent affective outcomes, which will be discussed during the presentation. That findings held across different indices of affective processing (dispositional affectivity and certain emotion dysregulation components) suggest these results may be robust.
Religiosity and Psychotic Experiences: A Large Community-Based Study From Qatar
Authors: Woodruff Peter , Khaled Salma , Brederoo Sanne , Alabdulla Majid , Sommer Iris 
Published: June 2022

AimsWe wished to explore associations between intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic (non-organizational (ENORG) and organizational (EORG)) religiosity and hallucinations phenomenology in a non-clinical Muslim population.MethodsWe selected full-time students at Qatar University using systematic random sampling and administered the Questionnaire of Psychotic Experiences online. We modelled the effects of sociodemographic variables, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and religiosity measures, delusions on hallucinations severity and distress/impact in the past week, using structural equation modelling.ResultsDirect-effects models supported ENORG religiosity's protective role against experiencing distress or negative impact on daily function from hallucinations. Intrinsic religiosity had positive indirect-effects on hallucinations distress/impact through depression, anxiety, and through EORG but negative (suppression) indirect-effects on hallucinations distress/impact through ENORG. Younger and married from lower socio-economic class participants had comparatively more severe hallucinations and more distress from them.ConclusionWe present evidence of differential associations between the religiosity types, socioeconomic and cultural groups, and past week distress/impact of hallucinations.Our data support the importance of alignment between religious education and mental health and well-being education.
Gray's Impulsivity Is Differentially Associated With Amygdala-Insula Functional Connectivity in Adolescents, Depending on ADHD Risk Status
Authors: Ágrez Kristóf , Bunford Nóra 
Published: June 2022

AimsAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with alterations in both reinforcement sensitivity and affective processing but the nature of the associations of these characteristics is yet to be examined. We hypothesized that individual differences in the sensitivity of the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) would exhibit differential relations with affective network connectivity – involved in emotional regulation and salience monitoring – in youth at-risk for, relative to youth not at-risk for, ADHD.MethodsAdolescents (n = 125; Mage=16.24 years, SD = 1.09 years; 61.6% boys) were recruited as part of The Budapest Longitudinal Study of ADHD and Externalizing Disorders. Forty-nine were classified as at-risk for ADHD (Mage=16.15 years; SD = 1.21 years; 77.6% boys), defined as exhibiting ≥4 parent-rated symptoms of either domain on the ADHD Rating Scale-5. Participants completed a 10-minute resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging session, during which they were asked to focus their attention on a fixation cross, as well as various self-report assessments, including the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ).ResultsFunctional Network Connectivity analyses indicated an interaction effect between the RST-PQ BAS impulsivity subscale and at-risk status on functional connectivity between four affective network region-pairs (ps < .05, False Discovery Rate [FDR] corrected) within a cluster based on functional similarity (p = .014, FDR-corrected). Follow-up OLS linear regressions showed higher impulsivity scores predicted stronger functional connectivity between the (1) left amygdala-right insula (F(6, 117) = 3.298, p = .005, adjusted R2=.101), (2) left amygdala-left insula (F(6, 117) = 2.2, p = .048, adjusted R2=.055), (3) right amygdala-right insula (F(6, 117) = 3.833, p = .002, adjusted R2=.121), and (4) right amygdala-left insula (F(6, 117) = 3.064, p = .008, adjusted R2=.092) in at-risk youth, whereas an inverse relationship was apparent in not at-risk youth.There was no main effect of group status on BAS impulsivity scores (t(122)=−1.167, p = .246) or on functional connectivity ((1) t(122) = .383, p = .702; (2) t(122) = .195, p = .846; (3) t(122)=−.107, p = .915; (4) t(122)=−.206, p = .837).ConclusionThe amygdala-insula connection has been shown to be involved in trait impulsivity, however, available ADHD-focused studies targeted emotional functioning. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that Gray's impulsivity – reflecting trait reward sensitivity – is predictive of amygdala-insula functional connectivity at rest and that this relation differs given ADHD risk. Results have conceptual and practical implications (e.g., early identification) as the role of the amygdala-insula connection in reward sensitivity appears especially relevant for a developmental phase and a diagnostic group linked to increased risk taking.