bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A detailed macroscopic scoring system for experimental post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in the equine middle carpal joint
Authors: Andersen Camilla , Jacobsen Stine , Walters Marie , Lindegaard Casper 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is a significant health issue in humans as well as horses. Experimental models of equine carpal OA have been used to investigate OA pathogenesis and potential therapeutic candidates. A 5-scale scoring system (OARSI) for macroscopic pathological cartilage changes already exists, but there is a need for a scoring system with better differentiation of severity. The aim of this study was therefore to develop and validate such a scoring system.ResultsNew scoring system were developed for cartilage erosions (Copenhagen Equine Total Cartilage Score, CEqTCS) along with synovial membrane pathology and osteochondral fragment healing (Copenhagen Equine Carpal Osteoarthritis Score, CEqCOAS). For the CEqTCS there was excellent intraclass agreement (ICC = 0.993; CI 0.985–0.996; p = 1.08e-31) and consistency (ICC = 0.992; CI 0.985–0.996; p = 4.61e-31), as well as excellent interclass agreement (ICC = 0.974; CI 0.948–0.987, p = 2e-22) and consistency (ICC = 0.973; CI 0.946–0.987; p = 2.77e-22), while the OARSI system had moderate (κ = 0.47) and weak (κ = 0.28) inter- and intra-class agreement, respectively. The OARSI score and the CEqTCS correlated excellently, but every OARSI grade encompassed a wide range of CEqTCS grades. The new score for assessment of equine OA provides means to a better differentiation of OA changes than the existing OARSI system.
EFFECT of digestates derived from the fermentation of maize-legume intercropped culture and maize monoculture application on soil properties and plant biomass production
Authors: Brtnicky M. , Kintl A. , Holatko J. , Hammerschmiedt T. , Mustafa A. , Kucerik J. , Vitez T. , Prichystalova J. , Baltazar T. , Elbl J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of maize-legume mixed culture to produce renewable energy and fertilizers by anaerobic fermentation (AD), while respecting soil quality is a favourable approach in sustainable farming. This paper investigates how the substrate (silage) composition affects the quality of digestate and thus its effect on selected soil parameters (respiration, content of carbon and nitrogen). The high content of remaining nutrients (mainly N) in the AD residual biomass of digestate may increase the biomass of amended plants. One objective of this study was to determine the composition of different digestates produced by anaerobic fermentation of the biomass of intercropped (mixed) cultures. Other objectives focused the digestate impact on soil properties and yield of tested plant (lettuce) in a pot experiment, carried out under controlled conditions in the growth chamber for 6 weeks. Variants tested in the pot experiment included negative control, maize (Zea maysL.) digestate, broad bean (Vicia fabaL.) digestate, white lupine (Lupinus albusL.) digestate, maize + broad bean digestate, maize + white lupine digestate.ResultsAs compared to maize, silage from the mixed culture (or legumes) positively affected the properties of digestate (content of N, P, K, Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL). The effect of digestate application on soil parameters depended on the digestate composition: the highest basal respiration was induced by digestates with the increased content of dry matter and ADF – maize + broad bean and white lupine. The broad bean variant showed glucose-induced respiration 0.75 (μg CO2·g-1h-1), while the lowest value was in the maize variant (0.45 μg CO2·g-1h-1). The application of digestate derived from the mixed culture increased the plant biomass more than that of single maize silage digestate (+ 14% in the maize + broad bean variant and + 33% in the maize + white lupine variant).ConclusionsA potential was found of silage made of leguminous plants to increase the digestate N content. Nevertheless, it is desirable to increase the C/N ratio by raising the amount of C containing substances. Fertilization with digestate showed a potential to increase the plant biomass (compared to the unfertilized control); however, differences among the individual digestates were not observed. The benefit of legume added to the maize-based silage was proven, especially the contribution of nutrients to arable soil.Graphical abstract
Effective inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores and Escherichia coli on disposable face masks using ultraviolet laser irradiation
Authors: Nguyen My-Chi Thi , Nguyen Huu-Quang , Jang Hanbyeol , Noh Sojung , Sohn Youngku , Yee Kiju , Jung Heesoo , Kim Jeongkwon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the widespread emergence of COVID-19, face masks have become a common tool for reducing transmission risk between people, increasing the need for sterilization methods against mask-contaminated microorganisms. In this study, we measured the efficacy of ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation (266 nm) as a sterilization technique against Bacillus atrophaeus spores and Escherichia coli on three different types of face mask. The UV laser source demonstrated high penetration of inner mask layers, inactivating microorganisms in a short time while maintaining the particle filtration efficiency of the masks. This study demonstrates that UV laser irradiation is an efficient sterilization method for removing pathogens from face masks.
Structure-guided engineering of a flavin-containing monooxygenase for the efficient production of indirubin
Authors: Sun Bing-Yao , Sui Hua-Lu , Liu Zi-Wei , Tao Xin-Yi , Gao Bei , Zhao Ming , Ma Yu-Shu , Zhao Jian , Liu Min , Wang Feng-Qing , Wei Dong-Zhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndirubin is a bisindole compound for the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Here, we presented a structure-guided method to improve the activity of a flavin-containing monooxygenase (bFMO) for the efficient production of indirubin in Escherichia coli. A flexible loop interlocked with the active pocket through a helix and the substrate tunnel rather than the active pocket in bFMO were identified to be two reconfigurable structures to improve its activity, resulting in K223R and N291T mutants with enhanced catalytic activity by 2.5- and 2.0-fold, respectively. A combined modification at the two regions (K223R/D317S) achieved a 6.6-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) due to enhancing π–π stacking interactions stabilization. Finally, an engineered E. coli strain was constructed by metabolic engineering, which could produce 860.7 mg/L (18 mg/L/h) indirubin, the highest yield ever reported. This work provides new insight into the redesign of FMOs to boost their activities and an efficient approach to produce indirubin.
Graphical Abstract
Validity and Reliability of Inertial Measurement Units on Lower Extremity Kinematics During Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zeng Ziwei , Liu Yue , Hu Xiaoyue , Tang Meihua , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are useful in monitoring running and alerting running-related injuries in various sports settings. However, the quantitative summaries of the validity and reliability of the measurements from IMUs during running are still lacking. The purpose of this review was to investigate the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of IMUs for measuring gait spatiotemporal outcomes and lower extremity kinematics of health adults during running.

Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases were searched from inception until September 2021. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) evaluated the validity or reliability of measurements from IMUs, (2) measured specific kinematic outcomes, (3) compared measurements using IMUs with those obtained using reference systems, (4) collected data during running, (5) assessed human beings and (6) were published in English. Eligible articles were reviewed using a modified quality assessment. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the pooled correlation coefficients of validity and reliability.

Results
Twenty-five articles were included in the systematic review, and data from 12 were pooled for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of studies ranged from low to moderate. Concurrent validity is excellent for stride length (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.937 (0.859, 0.972), p < 0.001), step frequency (ICC (95% CI) = 0.926 (0.896, 0.948), r (95% CI) = 0.989 (0.957, 0.997), p  < 0.001) and ankle angle in the sagittal plane (r (95% CI) = 0.939 (0.544, 0.993), p = 0.002), moderate to excellent for stance time (ICC (95% CI) = 0.664 (0.354, 0.845), r (95% CI) = 0.811 (0.701, 0.881), p < 0.001) and good for running speed (ICC (95% CI) = 0.848 (0.523, 0.958), p = 0.0003). The summary Fisher's Z value of flight time was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). Similarly, the stance time showed excellent test–retest reliability (ICC (95% CI) = 0.954 (0.903, 0.978), p < 0.001) and step frequency showed good test–retest reliability (ICC (95% CI) = 0.896 (0.837, 0.933), p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Findings in the current review support IMUs measurement of running gait spatiotemporal parameters, but IMUs measurement of running kinematics on lower extremity joints needs to be reported with caution in healthy adults.
Trial Registration: PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021279395.
Distribution of hemoglobinopathy phenotypes in western Kenya: a retrospective study done at Aga Khan Hospital, Kisumu
Authors: Mutua Benard , Sowayi George , Okoth Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hemoglobinopathies are inheritable disorders of hemoglobin and are the most common genetic defects in humans. This is a neglected public health problem whose undiagnosis remain a major threat to its prevention and control in sub-Saharan Africa countries; thus its exact magnitude on morbidity and mortality remains poorly documented. These hemoglobin disorders have been associated with Plasmodium falciparum; therefore, the current study sought to determine its distribution in a malaria-holoendemic region of Western Kenya as part of remedial intervention recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).

Method
This study analyzed data conveniently selected through census from 2015 to 2020 from hematology laboratory database for patients examined in Aga Khan, Hospital, Kisumu, and its satellites in Western Kenya. A total of 247 cases were selected whose sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula. Distribution of hemoglobinopathies based on stations, gender, and age was expressed in frequencies, proportions, bar graphs, and pie charts.

Results
The distribution of hemoglobinopathies had varying proportions in different locations in Western Kenya with regions that were at proximity to Lake Victoria (Kisumu 41.3%, n = 102; Busia 21.5%, n = 53; Homabay 15.4%, n = 38) recording a higher overall hemoglobinopathy proportions than those that were far from the lake that include Bungoma 5.7%, n = 14; Kakamega 4.0%, n = 10; Kitale 4.0%, n = 10; Kisii 4.0%, n = 10, and Migori 4.0% n = 10.

Conclusion
The study represents the burden of hemoglobinopathies in a malaria-holoendemic region of Western Kenya, and even though the present study did not include ethnicity in data collection, stations from where the data was collected are predominated by different communities; therefore, there may be an ethnic correlation in the variation of hemoglobinopathies in Western Kenya. The communities juxtaposed to the lake seems to be the most affected ethnic group along the Lake Victoria economic block region; thus, it may be erroneous to assume that the entire malaria-holoendemic region of Western Kenya has high prevalence of hemoglobin disorders without factoring ethnicity and geographical location in a properly conducted population-based prevalence study in the wider Western Kenya.
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: part 1 – theory, procedure and use in PTSD
Authors: Udo Itoro , Javinsky Tori-Rose , Awani Tuoyo 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYEye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is an established psychotherapy developed in the late 1980s to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It involves the use of repetitive eye movements or other bilateral stimulation to aid in the reprocessing of traumatic memories. It is unique in that it does not require extended exposure to or discussion of distressing memories and may result in symptom resolution in fewer sessions than other psychotherapies. In the decades since its initial development, a wealth of high-quality evidence has suggested that EMDR is a safe and effective treatment for trauma- and stress-based conditions, resulting in its inclusion in various treatment guidelines. This article reviews the theory behind how EMDR works, how it is conducted, the evidence supporting its use in the treatment of PTSD and its approved indications and contraindications.
Phase III Randomized Trial of Maintenance Taxanes Versus Surveillance in Women With Advanced Ovarian/Tubal/Peritoneal Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group 0212:NRG Oncology Study
Authors: Copeland Larry J. , Brady Mark F. , Burger Robert A. , Rodgers William H. , Huang Helen Q. , Cella David , O'Malley David M. , Street Daron G. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Bender David P. , Morris Robert T. , Lowery William J. , Miller David S. , Dewdney Summer B. , Spirtos Nick M. , Lele Shashikant B. , Guntupalli Saketh , Ueland Frederick R. , Glaser Gretchen E. , Mannel Robert S. , DiSaia Philip J. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE To compare taxane maintenance chemotherapy, paclitaxel (P) and paclitaxel poliglumex (PP), with surveillance (S) in women with ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube (O/PC/FT) cancer who attained clinical complete response after first-line platinum-taxane therapy. METHODS Women diagnosed with O/PC/FT cancer who attained clinical complete response after first-line platinum-taxane–based chemotherapy were randomly allocated 1:1:1 to S or maintenance, P 135 mg/m2 once every 28 days for 12 cycles, or PP at the same dose and schedule. Overall survival (OS) was the primary efficacy end point. RESULTS Between March 2005 and January 2014, 1,157 individuals were enrolled. Grade 2 or worse GI adverse events were more frequent among those treated with taxane (PP: 20%, P: 27% v S: 11%). Grade 2 or worse neurologic adverse events occurred more often with taxane treatment (PP: 46%, P: 36% v S: 14%). At the fourth scheduled interim analysis, both taxane regimens passed the OS futility boundary and the Data Monitoring Committee approved an early release of results. With a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 653 deaths were reported; none were attributed to the study treatment. Median survival durations were 58.3, 56.8, and 60.0 months for S, P, and PP, respectively. Relative to S, the hazard of death for P was 1.091 (95% CI, 0.911 to 1.31; P = .343) and for PP, it was 1.033 (95% CI, 0.862 to 1.24; P = .725). The median times to first progression or death (PFS) were 13.4, 18.9, and 16.3 months for S, P, and PP, respectively. Hazard ratio = 0.801; 95% CI, 0.684 to 0.938; P = .006 for P and hazard ratio = 0.854; 95% CI, 0.729 to 1.00; P = .055 for PP. CONCLUSION Maintenance therapy with P and PP did not improve OS among patients with newly diagnosed O/tubal/peritoneal cancer, but may modestly increase PFS. GI and neurologic toxicities were more frequent in the taxane treatment arms.
Biomarkers for Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Henry N. Lynn , Somerfield Mark R. , Dayao Zoneddy , Elias Anthony , Kalinsky Kevin , McShane Lisa M. , Moy Beverly , Park Ben Ho , Shanahan Kelly M. , Sharma Priyanka , Shatsky Rebecca , Stringer-Reasor Erica , Telli Melinda , Turner Nicholas C. , DeMichele Angela 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE To update the ASCO Biomarkers to Guide Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) guideline. METHODS An Expert Panel conducted a systematic review to identify randomized clinical trials and prospective-retrospective studies from January 2015 to January 2022. RESULTS The search identified 19 studies informing the evidence base. RECOMMENDATIONS Candidates for a regimen with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor and hormonal therapy should undergo testing for PIK3CA mutations using next-generation sequencing of tumor tissue or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma to determine eligibility for alpelisib plus fulvestrant. If no mutation is found in ctDNA, testing in tumor tissue, if available, should be used. Patients who are candidates for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy should undergo testing for germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations to determine eligibility for a PARP inhibitor. There is insufficient evidence for or against testing for a germline PALB2 pathogenic variant to determine eligibility for PARP inhibitor therapy in the metastatic setting. Candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy should undergo testing for expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 in the tumor and immune cells to determine eligibility for treatment with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy. Candidates for an immune checkpoint inhibitor should also undergo testing for deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high to determine eligibility for dostarlimab-gxly or pembrolizumab, as well as testing for tumor mutational burden. Clinicians may test for NTRK fusions to determine eligibility for TRK inhibitors. There are insufficient data to recommend routine testing of tumors for ESR1 mutations, for homologous recombination deficiency, or for TROP2 expression to guide MBC therapy selection. There are insufficient data to recommend routine use of ctDNA or circulating tumor cells to monitor response to therapy among patients with MBC. Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
Enhanced radiation of nonlinear Thomson backscattering by a tightly focused Gaussian laser pulse and an external magnetic field
Authors: Hong Xueren , Wei Dou , Li Yanan , Tang Rongan , Sun Jianan , Duan Wenshan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The electron dynamics and the Thomson backscattering of an electron moving in a combined field of a tightly focused Gaussian laser pulse and an external uniform magnetic field are investigated in detail. It is found that by considering the tightly focused Gaussian laser pulse, the electron can be pushed out from the laser pulse by the ponderomotive force, resulting in the symmetry breaking of the electron dynamics from the Gaussian envelope, which can dramatically enhance the radiation intensity. It is also found that by introducing an external magnetic field, the emergence of the cyclotron motion of the electron under the external magnetic field also breaks the symmetry of the electron dynamics and enhances the radiation. Especially in the resonance case, i.e., the cyclotron frequency of the electron is close to the laser frequency, the emission spectrum is further enhanced due to the great extension of the interaction time and the symmetry breaking by the beat wave between the helix motion and the cyclotron motion of the electron in the combined field, and a platform with high radiation intensity containing the THz band has also appeared.
Athermal GES-based solar plasma stability with sphero-logabarotropic special effects
Authors: Karmakar Pralay Kumar , Deka Utpal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A model formalism for the small-scale radial fluctuations excitable in the athermal (non-thermal) solar plasma system on the basis of the non-extensive gravito-electrostatic sheath (GES) model fabric is reported. A unique speciality here is that it intercouples the solar interior plasma (SIP) and the solar wind plasma (SWP) gravito-electrostatically via the interfacial diffused solar surface boundary (SSB). The constitutive electrons are thermostatistically framed in the κ-distribution laws via the Tsallis thermostatistics. In contrast, the heavier ions are treated as an inhomogeneous fluid. The turbulent degrees of freedom are accounted through the Larson nonlinear logabarotropic equation of state in curved geometry. A spherically symmetric wave analysis over the perturbed GES structure results in a unique pair of distinct linear dispersion laws (SIP plus SWP) without any typical quasi-classic approximation. A numerical illustrative platform for the dispersion analysis specifically shows that an antikink-type (kink-type) impulsive rarefactive (compressive) propagatory boost due to irregular dispersion is experienced by the fluctuations at the heliospheric core (photospheric SSB). We see that the thermostatistical parameter (Tsallis power-law tail index κ) acts as a unique form of acceleration agency for both the SIP and SWP instabilities to proliferate. At the last, the explorative semi-analytic results are contextually compared with the realistic domains of the collective excitation of the helioseismic waves and SSB oscillations.
Examining Ethnicity: Patterns of Minority Identification Among Children of Interethnic Marriages in China
Authors: Francis-Tan Andrew , Mu Zheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ethnic identity is a highly contested issue in China. Yet, the literature on the social construction of ethnoracial identity is dominated by research on the Americas. In this study, we investigate patterns of ethnic identification among children of interethnic parents in China using census data from 2000 and survey data from 2010–2018. We focus on children who are aged 20 or younger and have one parent identified as an ethnic minority and one parent identified as an ethnic Han. We find that the strongest predictor of a child's minority identification is the father's ethnicity. Minority identification is also associated with gender, birth year, mother's education, household income, migration status, parent's perception of the child's diligence, the geographic concentration of minorities, and eligibility for ethnicity-based bonus points on the college entrance examination. Taken together, the results suggest that children's ethnoracial identity is shaped by family demographic characteristics as well as by education policy.
Arap1 loss causes retinal pigment epithelium phagocytic dysfunction and subsequent photoreceptor death
Authors: Shao Andy , Lopez Antonio Jacobo , Chen JiaJia , Tham Addy , Javier Seanne , Quiroz Alejandra , Frick Sonia , Levine Edward M. , Lloyd K. C. Kent , Leonard Brian C. , Murphy Christopher J. , Glaser Thomas M. , Moshiri Ala 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a retinal degenerative disease, is the leading cause of heritable blindness. Previously, we described that Arap1−/− mice develop a similar pattern of photoreceptor degeneration. Arap1 is an Arf-directed GTPase-activating protein shown to modulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Curiously, Arap1 expression was detected in Müller glia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), but not the photoreceptors themselves. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice for Müller glia/RPE, Müller glia and RPE via targeting Rlbp1, Glast and Vmd2 promoters, respectively, to drive Cre recombinase expression to knock out Arap1. Vmd2-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c and Rlbp1-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c mice, but not Glast-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c mice, recapitulated the phenotype originally observed in germline Arap1−/− mice. Mass spectrometry analysis of human ARAP1 co-immunoprecipitation identified candidate binding partners of ARAP1, revealing potential interactants involved in phagocytosis, cytoskeletal composition, intracellular trafficking and endocytosis. Quantification of outer segment phagocytosis in vivo demonstrated a clear phagocytic defect in Arap1−/− mice compared to Arap1+/+ controls. We conclude that Arap1 expression in RPE is necessary for photoreceptor survival due to its indispensable function in RPE phagocytosis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.