bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergetic Regulation of Oriented Crystallization and Interfacial Passivation Enables 19.1% Efficient Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Yue , Liu Rui , Liu Chang , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Yu Hua , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from severe voltage loss, which significantly limits the enhancement of photovoltaic performance. Here, 4‐fluoro‐phenylethylammonium iodide (FPEAI) is used as a dual‐functional agent for oriented crystallization and comprehensive passivation of WBG PSCs. The additive of FPEAI promotes crystals to grow along with the (100) orientation with improved crystallinity and to spontaneously form Ruddlesden–Popper 2D perovskite on the grain boundary and surface of 3D crystals, which can passivate defects and protect the perovskite film from moisture erosion as well as suppressed ion migration. In addition, the 2D/3D heterostructure induces a matched energy‐level alignment, which mitigates the detrimental interfacial charge recombination at the interface of the 3D perovskite and hole transport layer. Consequently, the modified WBG PSCs exhibit an improved open‐circuit voltage to 1.3 V and a fill factor of 77.8%, leading to a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.1% with negligible hysteresis. Furthermore, the WBG PSCs maintain 85% of the original efficiency after 1000 h in air, demonstrating outstanding humidity stability. This work indicates that FPEAI can be used as a dual‐functional agent to significantly enhance the efficiency of WBG PSCs.
Optically and Mechanically Engineered Anti‐Reflective Film for Highly Efficient Rigid and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Ji Seong , Jang Yeoun‐Woo , Kim Unsoo , Choi Mansoo , Kang Seong Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSticker‐type anti‐reflective (AR) film is a powerful route to achieve the highest efficiency and commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by improving the light transition efficiency (LTE). However, conventionally used AR film has high flexural rigidity owing to its limitation of material and thickness, thereby hindering its application to high‐efficiency flexible devices. This paper proposes a sticker‐type ultra‐thin perfluoropolyether (PFPE) AR film (SUPA) made of PFPE (n = 1.34) that is fabricated through a well‐designed two‐step peeling propagation method. The proposed SUPA demonstrates superior properties in terms of LTE (≈98.3%) and film thickness (≈20 µm), exhibiting the best performance among the existing AR films for PSCs. The SUPA‐assisted rigid and flexible PSC guarantees high short‐circuit current density (rigid ≈26.63 mA cm−2, flexible ≈23.05 mA cm−2) and power conversion efficiency (rigid ≈24.31%, flexible ≈20.05%). The SUPA sustains over 97.5% of its initial transmittance under exposure to the light (168 h) and damp heat condition (1000 h), and devices with SUPA show remarkable flexibility maintaining their initial efficiency after 10 000 cycles of a bending test (2 mm radius).
Heuristic Design of Cathode Hybrid Coating for Power‐Limited Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liang Yuhao , Liu Hong , Wang Guoxu , Wang Chao , Li Dabing , Ni Yu , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEngineered cathode active materials are critical for the cycling stability and power capability of sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSBs), yet it is challenging to construct uniform coverage via a scalable approach. In addition, the implication of dielectric coatings for electronic migration blocking in the composite cathode is neglected habitually. A heuristic “polymer‐patched inorganic” cathode coating strategy is presented herein. Single‐crystalline LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (SNCM) particles are uniformly coated with a hybrid layer comprising nanoscale Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) and cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN), via a scalable solution‐based method. The LATP coating ensures rapid Li+ transfer across the interface and offers high oxidation tolerance. cPAN partially‐submerges and patches the imperfections of the LATP coating layer, producing a high‐quality protective coating without compromising electronic transfer. Accordingly, sulfide‐based ASSBs employing the hybrid‐modified SNCM cathode demonstrate competitive electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention (72.7% over 500 cycles, at 0.5 C), and rate capability (87.3 mAh g−1 at 2 C, 5 times that of the pristine SNCM). Significant improvements are attributed to the homogeneity and functionality of the coating, which mitigates parasitic reactions at the interface while simultaneously preserving indispensable electronic percolation. This work offers a brand‐new cathode coating protocol for sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state to achieve longevity and good power.
Evaluation of the use of polyethylene mulches in the production of organic flue‐cured tobacco
Authors: Machanoff Cordelia A. , Vann Matthew Christopher , Woodley Alex L. , Suchoff David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWeed and insect pest management in organic flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is challenging due to lack of effective and affordable approved control options. Polyethylene plastic mulches are used in vegetable and berry production to manage in‐row weed populations, buffer soil temperatures, limit rain‐induced soil loss, and maintain soil moisture. Mulch color can affect plant growth, soil temperature, and insect pest populations in vegetable crops. Field trials were conducted in Kinston, NC, in 2019 and 2020 and Whiteville, NC, in 2020. Red, white, black, and silver polyethylene mulch (with drip irrigation) and bare ground with and without drip irrigation were compared to evaluate effects on tobacco yield, quality, and pests. Tobacco yields were elevated by at least 290% in mulch treatments compared with bare ground with irrigation in 2020 (p < .05), but did not differ in 2019 due to precipitation and temperature differences that conveyed an increased benefit in 2020. Opaque mulches successfully suppressed weed emergence. Fewer aphids were present in highly reflective silver mulch than all other treatments with irrigation in both years. Black and red mulch warmed soils while silver cooled them, affecting nitrogen mineralization rates. Higher levels of plant available nitrogen were maintained in mulch treatments, but tobacco nitrate levels and overall quality were not affected. These results are consistent with plasticulture research in other crops. The factors that make plasticulture well suited to intensively managed, high value crop production may benefit organic flue‐cured tobacco production especially when grown in rotation with other intensively managed crops.
Sexual stature difference fluctuations in pre‐ andpost‐BlackDeath London as an indicator of living standards
Authors: Brennan Emily J. , DeWitte Sharon N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe degree of sexual stature difference (SSD), the ratio of male to female height, is argued to be an indicator of living standards based on evidence that physical growth for males is more sensitive to environmental fluctuations. In a resource‐poor environment, the degree of SSD is expected to be relatively low. The aim of this study is to comparatively assess SSD in medieval London in the context of repeated famine events and other environmental stressors before the Black Death (BD) and the improved living conditions that characterized the post‐Black Death period.MethodsTo test the hypothesis that a poor nutritional environment resulted in decreased SSD in medieval London, this study compares adult individuals from early pre‐Black Death (c.1000–1200), late pre‐Black Death (c.1200–1250) and post‐Black Death (c.1350–1540) cemetery contexts from London. Maximum tibial,femoral, and lower limb lengths were used as a proxy for stature, and SSD was calculated using the Chakraborty and Majumber index.ResultsCompared to the late pre‐BD period, we find a slighter higher degree of SSD in the post‐BD period for all three stature proxies used. This increase is attributed to more exaggerated increases in stature for estimated males post‐BD.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the importance of examining variables that are considered indicators of living standards in light of factors like selective mortality, catch‐up growth, and urban migration patterns. Future research needs to further investigate how cultural and biological processes influence the mechanisms that produce adult stature.
A Zeolitic Octahedral Metal Oxide with Ultra‐Microporosity for Inverse CO2/C2H2Separation at High Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Ma Baokai , Li Denan , Zhu Qianqian , Li Yanshuo , Ueda Wataru , Zhang Zhenxin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeparation of CO2/C2H2to obtain pure C2H2presents a challenge for the chemical industry. CO2‐selective adsorbents are favored because of the convenient separation process. However, there are only a few CO2‐selective adsorbents that can effectively isolate CO2from CO2/C2H2, and there is almost no research on CO2/C2H2separation under harsh conditions, such as with high temperatures and humidities. Herein, a zeolitic octahedral metal oxide based on ϵ‐Keggin polyoxometalates is utilized for separations of CO2/C2H2at high temperatures and humidities. Single gas adsorption measurements show that the material only adsorbs CO2with almost no C2H2taken up. Dynamic competitive adsorption experiments show that the material efficiently separates CO2/C2H2, and highly pure C2H2is obtained directly. The robust material maintains a high separation performance at 333 K with 18.12 % water. The high stability of the material enables reuse without loss of separation performance.
Discrete Macrocycles with Fixed Chirality and Two Distinct Sides: Dipole‐Dependent Chiroptical Response
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Kurakake Yuta , Ohtani Shunsuke , Fa Shixin , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Ogoshi Tomoki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractControl of symmetry is fundamental in molecular design with aimed properties. Herein we report a set of chiroptical C5‐symmetric molecules with variable dipolar structures based on a rim‐differentiated cylindrical macrocycle, pillar[5]arene. Incorporation of electron‐withdrawing ester groups formed an explicit two‐sided structure, leading to increase in response wavelength and luminescence efficiency. On the other hand, chiroptical measurement of separated enantiomers revealed that such a dipolar character diminished dissymmetry of the electronic transitions. By suppressing the dipole, the dissymmetry factor for luminescence was enhanced from 0.4×10−3 to 5.1×10−3 in a less dipolar methoxy‐substituted molecule, which was larger than reported pillar[5]arene derivatives without C5‐symmetry around one order of magnitude.
Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines
Authors: Mondal Anirban , Toyoda Ryojun , Costil Romain , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMolecular machines are at the frontier of biology and chemistry. The ability to control molecular motion and emulating the movement of biological systems are major steps towards the development of responsive and adaptive materials. Amazing progress has been seen for the design of molecular machines including light‐induced unidirectional rotation of overcrowded alkenes. However, the feasibility of inducing unidirectional rotation about a single bond as a result of chemical conversion has been a challenging task. In this Review, an overview of approaches towards the design, synthesis, and dynamic properties of different classes of atropisomers which can undergo controlled switching or rotation under the influence of a chemical stimulus is presented. They are categorized as molecular switches, rotors, motors, and autonomous motors according to their type of response. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective and challenges focusing on building sophisticated molecular machines.
Investigating the spectral and electrochemical properties of novel flavin‐pyrene dyads separated via variable spacer
Authors: Mouli M. S. S. Vinod , Agrawal Harsha Gopal , Maddeshiya Tarkeshwar , Tamrakar Arpna , Tripathy Soumya Ranjan , Pandey Mrituanjay D. , Mishra Ashutosh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present manuscript describes the synthesis and the photophysical properties of a pair of novel flavin‐pyrene dyads where the donor and the acceptor entities are separated via variable spacer. The dyads were well characterized using standard techniques and investigated for their photophysical and electrochemical nature. The observed absorption spectra of the dyads mainly display peaks corresponding to the individual pyrene and flavin units, with some contribution from the flavin entity in the pyrene region. While, strong emission quenching was observed for both the dyads if compared to its individual constituents. However, a careful analysis of the emission spectra and the solvent dependent studies reveals subtle difference between the two dyads. While no significant difference could be observed when excited in the flavin region; excitation at the pyrene region displays a weak and broad emission band in case of closely connected dyad. Further, the electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the reduction ability was observed to follow the trend as FlPy2 < FlPy1 < Fl.
Suffruticosol A elevates osteoblast differentiation targeting BMP2‐Smad/1/5/8‐RUNX2 in pre‐osteoblasts
Authors: Yun Hyung‐Mun , Kim Bomi , Jeong Yun Hee , Hong Jin Tae , Park Kyung‐Ran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. (P. suffruticosa) is commonly used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Suffruticosol A (Suf‐A), isolated from P. suffruticosa, is a beneficial compound with antibiofilm, antivirulence, and anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological effects of Suf‐A on osteogenic processes in pre‐osteoblasts. It was determined here in that Suf‐A (>98.02%), isolated from P. suffruticosa, showed no cytotoxicity at 0.1–30 μM; however, it induced cytotoxicity at 50–100 μM in pre‐osteoblasts. Suf‐A increased osteogenic alkaline phosphatase activity and expression levels of noncollagenous proteins. Adhesion and trans‐migration on the extracellular matrix were potentiated by Suf‐A, but not by wound‐healing migration. Suf‐A did not affect autophagy or necroptosis during osteoblast differentiation. We found that Suf‐A increased runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) levels and mineralized matrix formation. RUNX2 expression was mediated by Suf‐A‐induced BMP2‐Smad1/5/8 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling, as demonstrated by Noggin, a BMP2 inhibitor. These results suggest that Suf‐A is a potential natural osteogenic compound.
Integrating biodiversity into financial decision‐making: Challenges and four principles
Authors: Nedopil Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany financing decisions continue to exacerbate global biodiversity loss, despite a growing understanding of the economic and financial risks of biodiversity loss. Applying Coase's financial decision‐making theory based on cost, revenues, and risks, the article analyzes literature and current developments of biodiversity finance and green finance to evaluate why financial decision‐making is incentivized to ignore biodiversity risks and mostly fails to maximize biodiversity conservation or nature‐positive finance. Based on the identified gaps, the article develops four principles to integrate biodiversity into financial decision‐making: (1) regulation must set limits on nature's exploitation, as finance only values limited aspects of nature as “bankable,” while the destruction of other parts are without negative or positive value to the investor; (2) biodiversity‐related financial risk evaluation needs focus on local risks due to the local nature of biodiversity impacts and dependencies (in comparison, e.g., to climate finance's global risks); (3) scale biodiversity finance utilizing its secondary benefits, particularly in conjunction with climate finance; (4) biodiversity finance development needs to be co‐led and championed by financial decision‐makers.This article contributes to the emerging literature on biodiversity finance and green finance for sustainable development with implications for policy makers and standard setters.
Financial burden among cancer patients: A national‐level perspective
Authors: Mudaranthakam Dinesh Pal , Wick Jo , Calhoun Elizabeth , Gurley Tami 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis research study aimed to evaluate the financial burden among older cancer patients and its corresponding risk factors. Factors such as increasing treatment costs and work limitations often lead cancer patients to bankruptcy and poor quality of life. These consequences, in turn, can cause higher mortality rates among these patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Health Retirement Study (HRS), conducted by the University of Michigan (N = 18,109). Eligible participants had responses captured from years 2002 to 2016. Participants were classified according to any self‐reported cancer diagnosis (yes or no) and were compared on the basis of financial, work, and health‐related outcomes. Propensity score (PS) matching was applied to reduce the effects of potential confounding factors. Also only, individuals with an age ≥50 and ≤85 during Wave 6 were retained.ResultsMultivariate analysis with random effects revealed several indicators of financial burden when comparing participants with a cancer diagnosis to those with no history of cancer. Mean out‐of‐pocket costs associated with a cancer diagnosis were $1058 higher when compared to participants with no history of cancer, suggesting that even cancer patients with insurance coverage faced out‐of‐pocket costs. Respondents with cancer patients had higher odds of encountering financial hardship if they are facing Work Limitations (OR = 2.714), Regular use of Medications (OR = 2.518), Hospital Stays (OR = 2.858), Declining Health (OR = 2.349), or were being covered under government health insurance (OR = 5.803) than respondents who did not have cancer, or suffered from mental health issues such as Depression (OR = 0.901).ConclusionCancer patients contend with increasing financial costs during their treatment. However, most newly diagnosed patients are not aware of these costs and are given few resources to handle them.
Wheat grain proteins: Past, present, and future
Authors: Shewry Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesResearch on wheat grain proteins is reviewed, including achievements over the past century and priorities for future research. The focus is on three groups of proteins that have major impacts on wheat quality and utilization: the gluten proteins which determine dough viscoelasticity but also trigger celiac disease in susceptible individuals, the puroindolines which are major determinants of grain texture and the amylase/trypsin inhibitors which are food and respiratory allergens and are implicated in triggering celiac disease and nonceliac wheat sensitivity.FindingsAlthough earlier work focused on protein structure and properties, the development of genomics and high‐sensitivity proteomics has resulted in the availability of a vast amount of information on the amino acid sequences of individual wheat proteins, including allelic variants of gluten proteins which are associated with good processing quality and of puroindolines, which are associated with a hard or soft grain texture, and on protein expression and polymorphism.ConclusionsHowever, our ability to exploit this knowledge is limited by a lack of detailed understanding of the structure:function relationships of wheat proteins. In particular, we need to understand how the three‐dimensional structures of the individual proteins determine their interactions with other grain components (to determine functional properties) and with the immune systems of susceptible consumers (to trigger adverse responses), how these interactions are affected by allelic variation, and how they can be manipulated.Significance and NoveltyThe article, therefore, identifies priorities for future research which should enable the adoption of a more rational approach to improving the quality of wheat grain proteins.
Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition and cellular antioxidant activities of a corn gluten meal hydrolysate
Authors: Chanajon Phiromya , Noisa Parinya , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNeurocognitive disorders are characterized by various symptoms caused by increased oxidative stress and nerve cell inflammation in the central nervous system. Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is one of the potential causes of neurocognitive disorder. To evaluate the potential of corn gluten meal, a byproduct of corn starch processing, as a nutraceutical ingredient, we developed a corn gluten meal hydrolysate (CGM‐H) with POP inhibitory activity and investigated its cellular antioxidant capacity.FindingCGM‐H was prepared using 1% pepsin; its in vitro digesta exhibited POP inhibitory, ABTS radical scavenging, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The activities of the former three assays decreased after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. CGM‐H exhibited a higher protective ability against hydrogen peroxide than its digested counterparts. Additionally, CGM‐H and CGM‐H digesta reduced oxidative stress in SH‐SY5Y cells by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulating CAT expression.ConclusionCGM‐H's POP inhibitory, antioxidant, and ROS scavenging activities in SH‐SY5Y cells suggest that it has potential as a raw material for manufacturing nutraceutical products.Significance and NoveltyTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report CGM‐H's POP inhibitory and cellular antioxidant activities in SH‐SY5Y cells. Furthermore, in vitro GI digestion modifies CGM‐H bioactivity.
Delayed‐onset heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia complicated with saddle embolus
Authors: Naji Faezeh Sadat , Shafie Mahan , Issaiy Mahbod , Zarei Jalalabadi Narjes , Parsa Samaneh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDelayed‐onset heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia is a rare complication of heparin in which thrombocytopenia and thrombosis occur several days after heparin cessation. We describe a 47‐year‐old female patient with a history of melanoma and multiple surgeries presented to the emergency department with acute dyspnea and chest pain on the eighth day after discharge.
Insight into the Camel‐to‐Bell Transition of Differential Capacitance in Ionic Liquid‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Gan Zhongdong , Wang Yanlei , Lu Yumiao , Qin Jingyu , Nie Yi , He Hongyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding ionic liquid (IL)‐electrode interface is of great significance to the design of electrochemical systems. Herein, the electrical double layer (EDL) structure and charging process of the supercapacitor with ILs were investigated by engineering the cation‐anion and IL‐electrode interaction through molecular dynamics simulations coupled with the constant potential method. A camel‐to‐bell shape transition of differential capacitance was identified when the cation‐anion or IL‐electrode interaction decreased, manifesting the sensitive responses of EDL structure and charging mechanism to the varying interactions. Moreover, the identified camel‐to‐bell transition could lead to the rise of differential capacitance and energy density in the low working voltage. These findings can help guide the molecular design for high‐performance IL‐based supercapacitors and other electrochemical devices where the IL‐electrode interfaces are crucial.