bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and United Kingdom
Authors: Nguyen Long H. , Joshi Amit D. , Drew David A. , Merino Jordi , Ma Wenjie , Lo Chun-Han , Kwon Sohee , Wang Kai , Graham Mark S. , Polidori Lorenzo , Menni Cristina , Sudre Carole H. , Anyane-Yeboa Adjoa , Astley Christina M. , Warner Erica T. , Hu Christina Y. , Selvachandran Somesh , Davies Richard , Nash Denis , Franks Paul W. , Wolf Jonathan , Ourselin Sebastien , Steves Claire J. , Spector Tim D. , Chan Andrew T. ,   COPE Consortium
Published: February 2022

AbstractWorldwide, racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 with increased risk of infection, its related complications, and death. In the initial phase of population-based vaccination in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K.), vaccine hesitancy may result in differences in uptake. We performed a cohort study among U.S. and U.K. participants who volunteered to take part in the smartphone-based COVID Symptom Study (March 2020-February 2021) and used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of vaccine hesitancy and uptake. In the U.S. (n = 87,388), compared to white participants, vaccine hesitancy was greater for Black and Hispanic participants and those reporting more than one or other race. In the U.K. (n = 1,254,294), racial and ethnic minority participants showed similar levels of vaccine hesitancy to the U.S. However, associations between participant race and ethnicity and levels of vaccine uptake were observed to be different in the U.S. and the U.K. studies. Among U.S. participants, vaccine uptake was significantly lower among Black participants, which persisted among participants that self-reported being vaccine-willing. In contrast, statistically significant racial and ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake were not observed in the U.K sample. In this study of self-reported vaccine hesitancy and uptake, lower levels of vaccine uptake in Black participants in the U.S. during the initial vaccine rollout may be attributable to both hesitancy and disparities in access.
Nationally representative SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence estimates after the first epidemic wave in Mexico
Authors: Basto-Abreu Ana , Carnalla Martha , Torres-Ibarra Leticia , Romero-Martínez Martín , Martínez-Barnetche Jesús , López-Martínez Irma , Aparicio-Antonio Rodrigo , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Rivera Juan A. , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh ,   ENSANUT-COVID collaborators, Cuevas-Nasu Lucia , Gaona-Pineda Elsa Berenice , Ávila-Arcos Marco Antonio , Reyes-Sánchez Francisco , Torres-Álvarez Rossana , López-Olmedo Nancy , Vidaña-Perez Desiree , González-Morales Romina , Barrera-Nuñez David , Perez-Ferrer Carolina , Gaspar-Castillo Carlos , Stern Dalia , Canto-Osorio Francisco , Sanchez-Pájaro Andrés 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeroprevalence surveys provide estimates of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population, regardless of disease severity and test availability. In Mexico in 2020, COVID-19 cases reached a maximum in July and December. We aimed to estimate the national and regional seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across demographic and socioeconomic groups in Mexico after the first wave, from August to November 2020. We used nationally representative survey data including 9,640 blood samples. Seroprevalence was estimated by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, adjusting by the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay test. The national seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.9% (95%CI 22.2, 26.7), being lower for adults 60 years and older. We found higher seroprevalence among urban and metropolitan areas, low socioeconomic status, low education and workers. Among seropositive people, 67.3% were asymptomatic. Social distancing, lockdown measures and vaccination programs need to consider that vulnerable groups are more exposed to the virus and unable to comply with lockdown measures.
Inner core composition paradox revealed by sound velocities of Fe and Fe-Si alloy
Authors: Huang Haijun , Fan Lili , Liu Xun , Xu Feng , Wu Ye , Yang Gang , Leng Chunwei , Wang Qingsong , Weng Jidong , Wang Xiang , Cai Lingcang , Fei Yingwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKnowledge of the sound velocity of core materials is essential to explain the observed anomalously low shear wave velocity (VS) and high Poisson’s ratio (σ) in the solid inner core. To date, neitherVSnorσof Fe and Fe-Si alloy have been measured under core conditions. Here, we presentVSandσderived from direct measurements of the compressional wave velocity, bulk sound velocity, and density of Fe and Fe-8.6 wt%Si up to ~230 GPa and ~5400 K. The new data show that neither the effect of temperature nor incorporation of Si would be sufficient to explain the observed lowVSand highσof the inner core. A possible solution would add carbon (C) into the solid inner core that could further decreaseVSand increaseσ. However, the physical property-based Fe-Si-C core models seemingly conflict with the partitioning behavior of Si and C between liquid and solid Fe.
Cyclic AMP signalling and glucose metabolism mediate pH taxis by African trypanosomes
Authors: Shaw Sebastian , Knüsel Sebastian , Abbühl Daniel , Naguleswaran Arunasalam , Etzensperger Ruth , Benninger Mattias , Roditi Isabel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe collective movement of African trypanosomes on semi-solid surfaces, known as social motility, is presumed to be due to migration factors and repellents released by the parasites. Here we show that procyclic (insect midgut) forms acidify their environment as a consequence of glucose metabolism, generating pH gradients by diffusion. Early and late procyclic forms exhibit self-organising properties on agarose plates. While early procyclic forms are repelled by acid and migrate outwards, late procyclic forms remain at the inoculation site. Furthermore, trypanosomes respond to exogenously formed pH gradients, with both early and late procyclic forms being attracted to alkali. pH taxis is mediated by multiple cyclic AMP effectors: deletion of one copy of adenylate cyclase ACP5, or both copies of the cyclic AMP response protein CARP3, abrogates the response to acid, while deletion of phosphodiesterase PDEB1 completely abolishes pH taxis. The ability to sense pH is biologically relevant as trypanosomes experience large changes as they migrate through their tsetse host. Supporting this, a CARP3 null mutant is severely compromised in its ability to establish infections in flies. Based on these findings, we propose that the expanded family of adenylate cyclases in trypanosomes might govern other chemotactic responses in their two hosts.
Lipidated PrRP31 metabolites are long acting dual GPR10 and NPFF2 receptor agonists with potent body weight lowering effect
Authors: Alexopoulou Flora , Bech Esben Matzen , Pedersen Søren Ljungberg , Thorbek Ditte Dencker , Leurs Ulrike , Rudkjær Lise Christine Biehl , Fosgerau Keld , Hansen Henrik H. , Vrang Niels , Jelsing Jacob , Elster Lisbeth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProlactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is an endogenous neuropeptide involved in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. PrRP binds with high affinity to G-protein coupled receptor 10 (GPR10) and with lesser activity towards the neuropeptide FF receptor type 2 (NPFF2R). The present study aimed to develop long-acting PrRP31 analogues with potent anti-obesity efficacy. A comprehensive series of C18 lipidated PrRP31 analogues was characterized in vitro and analogues with various GPR10 and NPFF2R activity profiles were profiled for bioavailability and metabolic effects following subcutaneous administration in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. PrRP31 analogues acylated with a C18 lipid chain carrying a terminal acid (C18 diacid) were potent GPR10-selective agonists and weight-neutral in DIO mice. In contrast, acylation with aliphatic C18 lipid chain (C18) resulted in dual GPR10-NPFF2R co-agonists that suppressed food intake and promoted a robust weight loss in DIO mice, which was sustained for at least one week after last dosing. Rapid in vivo degradation of C18 PrRP31 analogues gave rise to circulating lipidated PrRP metabolites maintaining dual GPR10-NPFF2R agonist profile and long-acting anti-obesity efficacy in DIO mice. Combined GPR10 and NPFF2R activation may therefore be a critical mechanism for obtaining robust anti-obesity efficacy of PrRP31 analogues.
Analysis of the effect of NEKs on the prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma based on bioinformatics
Authors: Yang Mengxia , Guo Yikun , Guo Xiaofei , Mao Yun , Zhu Shijie , Wang Ningjun , Lu Dianrong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNEKs are proteins that are involved in various cell processes and play important roles in the formation and development of cancer. However, few studies have examined the role of NEKs in the development of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). To address this problem, the Oncomine, UALCAN, and the Human Protein Atlas databases were used to analyze differential NEK expression and its clinicopathological parameters, while the Kaplan–Meier, cBioPortal, GEPIA, and DAVID databases were used to analyze survival, gene mutations, similar genes, and biological enrichments. The rate of NEK family gene mutation was high (> 50%) in patients with NSCLC, in which NEK2/4/6/8/ was overexpressed and significantly correlated with tumor stage and nodal metastasis status. In addition, the high expression of NEK2/3mRNA was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, while high expression of NEK1/4/6/7/8/9/10/11mRNA was associated with good prognosis. In summary, these results suggest that NEK2/4/6/8 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for the survival of patients with NSCLC.
Mechanical properties of muscles and tendon structures in middle-aged and young men
Authors: Kubo Keitaro , Ikebukuro Toshihiro , Yata Hideaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of muscles and tendon structures for plantar flexor muscles at various strain rates and jump performances using single joint between middle-aged and young men in order to clarify the mechanisms of age-related decline in power output during vertical jump of middle-aged people previously reported. Passive muscle stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was determined based on passive muscle force and fascicle length during passive stretching at four angular velocities. Active muscle stiffness was calculated based on changes in muscle force and fascicle length during stretching at five angular velocities after submaximal isometric contractions. Maximal elongation and hysteresis of tendon structures were assessed from estimated muscle force—tendon elongation during ramp and ballistic contractions. Two kinds of unilateral jump heights using only ankle joint (no-countermovement and countermovement jumps) were measured. No significant differences in passive and active muscle stiffness, tendon structure properties (except for maximal elongation during ramp contraction), or jump heights were found between middle-aged and young men. The results suggest that the mechanical properties of muscles and tendon structures for plantar flexor muscles and jump performances using only ankle joint do not show age-related changes in middle-aged men.
Polymeric biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles labeled with peptides for imaging in ovarian cancer
Authors: Shahdeo Deepshikha , Roberts Akanksha , Kesarwani Veerbhan , Horvat Milena , Chouhan Raghuraj Singh , Gandhi Sonu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Compared with other nanomaterials, surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained attraction for cancer therapy applications due to its low toxicity, and long retention time. An innocuous targeting strategy was developed by generation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled peptide (growth factor domain (GFD) and somatomedin B domain (SMB)) functionalized, chitosan-coated IONPs (IONPs/C). It can be used to target urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which is a surface biomarker, in ovarian cancer. Binding affinity between uPAR and peptides (GFD and SMB) were revealed by in-silico docking studies. The biophysical characterizations of IONPs, IONPs/C, and IONPs/C/GFD-FITC or SMB-FITC nanoprobes were assessed via Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Prussian Blue staining, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence imaging were performed to confirm the targeting of nanoprobes with the surface receptor uPAR. The combination of IONPs/C/GFD+SMB showed efficient targeting of uPAR in the tumor microenvironment, and thus can be implemented as a molecular magnetic nanoprobe for cancer cell imaging and targeting.
Streamer dynamics and charge self‐erasing of two counter‐propagating plasmas in repetitively pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Peng Bangfa , Jiang Nan , Shang Kefeng , Lu Na , Li Jie , Wu Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe streamer dynamics and charge self‐erasing of two counter‐propagating plasmas generated by repetitively pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge are investigated using electrical and optical diagnosis, and a two‐dimensional fluid model. Three distinct discharge phases of primary, transitional and secondary streamers are identified in a single‐pulse discharge through the time‐resolved plasma images. Moreover, a merging phenomenon of the two opposing primary streamers is observed at the middle position of the discharge gap. Compared to the first pulse, a low streamer propagation velocity of the primary streamer is measured during the subsequent discharge process due to the limitation of residual surface charges left by the previous discharge. No significant differences of the transferred charge and the deposited energy are obtained in the sequential pulses at a discharge gap of 9 mm. Numerical simulations show that a reduction for the plasma intensity of the approached two primary streamers is attributed by the accumulated charge on the dielectric surface and gathered positive charges in the streamer head. Numerical and experimental studies indicate that the residual charges can be erased by the secondary streamer through the drifted electrons, namely that a phenomenon of charge self‐erasing can be realized in the individual pulse.
Quasars with large proper motions: A selection from the LQAC-5 catalogue combined with Gaia EDR3
Authors: Souchay J. , Secrest N. , Lambert S. , Zacharias N. , Taris F. , Barache C. , Arias F. , Makarov V. 
Published: February 2022

Context. Thanks to the cross-identification between the Gaia EDR3 (E-Data Release 3) catalogue and the quasars’ compiled catalogue LQAC-5 (Large Quasar Astrometric Catalogue-5), accurate astrometric parameters as well as photometric measurements were available for a set of 416 113 quasars.
Aims. After analysing the astrometric and photometric properties of these quasars,we concentrate our study on objects characterized by significant proper motion, which contradicts the postulate that they are fixed in the celestial sphere.
Methods. We derived statistical properties of the positions, parallaxes, and proper motions of the quasars cross-matched with Gaia EDR3. We carried out a specific investigation of quasars with a proper motion larger than 10 mas yr−1, and used colour–colour diagrams in mid-infrared to discriminate these quasars from stellar contamination. We discuss, in detail, a few cases where the abnormal proper motion could be caused by misidentifications.
Results. We note that 43% of LQAC-5 quasars were not detected by Gaia EDR3, mainly because of the cut-off magnitude at G = 21. The comparison between r(G) (Gaia) and r (SDSS) shows a normal distribution. The normalized distributions of parallaxes and proper motions are identical to that of the Gaia CRF2, as well as the distribution of the GBP − GRP colour index. We have identified 937 LQAC-5 objects (0.27% of the sample) with Gaia EDR3 proper motion which is significant at the 5σ level. We have clearly shown that below z = 0.35, the integrated magnitude G(r) obtained from SDSS spectra is smaller than G (Gaia), leading to the statement that the quasars are generally resolved under this threshold, which should lead to a bad determination of proper motion. Moreover, to discriminate quasars from stellar contamination, we have plotted them in a mid-infrared colour–colour diagram. Finally, we have made a final selection of 41 objects with μ > 10 mas yr−1, satisfying drastic constraints, which makes them potential candidates for considering their proper motion as real.
Conclusions. In this paper we carried out a complete analysis of the quasars of the LQAC-5 which were cross-identified with Gaia EDR3 ; this serves as an alternative and complementary study with respect to Gaia CRF2, involving a different population of quasars. We selected a set of 41 quasars with a proper motion exceeding 10 mas yr−1, which can be considered as very high for objects which are a priori fixed in the celestial sphere.
Stellar masses, sizes, and radial profiles for 465 nearby early-type galaxies: An extension to theSpitzersurvey of stellar structure in Galaxies (S4G)
Authors: Watkins A. E. , Salo H. , Laurikainen E. , Díaz-García S. , Comerón S. , Janz J. , Su A. H. , Buta R. , Athanassoula E. , Bosma A. , Ho L. C. , Holwerda B. W. , Kim T. , Knapen J. H. , Laine S. , Menéndez-Delmestre K. , Peletier R. F. , Sheth K. , Zaritsky D. 
Published: February 2022

Context.TheSpitzerSurvey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) is a detailed study of over 2300 nearby galaxies in the near-infrared (NIR), which has been critical to our understanding of the detailed structures of nearby galaxies. Because the sample galaxies were selected only using radio-derived velocities, however, the survey favored late-type disk galaxies over lenticulars and ellipticals.Aims.A follow-upSpitzersurvey was conducted to rectify this bias, adding 465 early-type galaxies (ETGs) to the original sample, to be analyzed in a manner consistent with the initial survey. We present the data release of this ETG extension, up to the third data processing pipeline (P3): surface photometry.Methods.We produce curves of growth and radial surface brightness profiles (with and without inclination corrections) using reduced and maskedSpitzerIRAC 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm images produced through Pipelines 1 and 2, respectively. From these profiles, we derive the following integrated quantities: total magnitudes, stellar masses, concentration parameters, and galaxy size metrics. We showcase NIR scaling relations for ETGs among these quantities.Results.We examine general trends across the whole S4G and ETG extension among our derived parameters, highlighting differences between ETGs and late-type galaxies (LTGs). The latter are, on average, more massive and more concentrated than LTGs, and subtle distinctions are seen among ETG morphological subtypes. We also derive the following scaling relations and compare them with previous results in visible light: mass-size (both half-light and isophotal), mass-concentration, mass-surface brightness (central, effective, and within 1 kpc), and mass-color.Conclusions.We find good agreement with previous works, though some relations (e.g., mass-central surface brightness) will require more careful multicomponent decompositions to be fully understood. The relations between mass and isophotal radius and between mass and surface brightness within 1 kpc, in particular, show notably small scatter. The former provides important constraints on the limits of size growth in galaxies, possibly related to star formation thresholds, while the latter–particularly when paired with the similarly tight relation for LTGs–showcases the striking self-similarity of galaxy cores, suggesting they evolve little over cosmic time. All of the profiles and parameters described in this paper will be provided to the community via the NASA/IPAC database on a dedicated website.
Chromospheric emission from nanoflare heating in RADYN simulations
Authors: Bakke H. , Carlsson M. , Rouppe van der Voort L. , Gudiksen B. V. , Polito V. , Testa P. , De Pontieu B. 
Published: February 2022

Context.Heating signatures from small-scale magnetic reconnection events in the solar atmosphere have proven to be difficult to detect through observations. Numerical models that reproduce flaring conditions are essential in understanding how nanoflares may act as a heating mechanism of the corona.Aims.We study the effects of non-thermal electrons in synthetic spectra from 1D hydrodynamic RADYN simulations of nanoflare heated loops to investigate the diagnostic potential of chromospheric emission from small-scale events.Methods.The Mg IIh and k, Ca IIH and K, Ca II854.2 nm, and Hαand Hβchromospheric lines were synthesised from various RADYN models of coronal loops subject to electron beams of nanoflare energies. The contribution function to the line intensity was computed to better understand how the atmospheric response to the non-thermal electrons affects the formation of spectral lines and the detailed shape of their spectral profiles.Results.The spectral line signatures arising from the electron beams highly depend on the density of the loop and the lower cutoff energy of the electrons. Low-energy (5 keV) electrons deposit their energy in the corona and transition region, producing strong plasma flows that cause both redshifts and blueshifts of the chromospheric spectra. Higher-energy (10 and 15 keV) electrons deposit their energy in the lower transition region and chromosphere, resulting in increased emission from local heating. Our results indicate that effects from small-scale events can be observed with ground-based telescopes, expanding the list of possible diagnostics for the presence and properties of nanoflares.
Medikolegale und ethische Implikationen von „DNR“-Tätowierungen in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin
Authors: Grannemann Julia Johanna 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Falle eines Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstandes wird umgehend die Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung (HLW) eingeleitet. Gründe, eine HLW zu beenden bzw. nicht mit einer solchen zu beginnen, sind sichere
Zeichen des eingetretenen Todes und das Vorliegen eines eindeutigen und rechtsgültigen Patientenwillens, aus dem hervorgeht, dass der Patient keine HLW wünscht. Der Fall, dass ein
wiederbelebungspflichtiger Patient einen „Nicht wiederbeleben!“-Schriftzug auf seinem Brustkorb eintätowiert hat, bringt die Rettungskräfte in ein rechtliches und ethisches Dilemma.Der vorliegende Artikel möchte die Frage beantworten, wie sich der Notarzt verhalten sollte, wenn ein Patient mit Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand vorgefunden wird, aus medizinischen
Gesichtspunkten eine HLW durchgeführt werden muss, der Patient aber über eine „Nicht wiederbeleben!“-Tätowierung verfügt. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden sowohl rechtliche als auch
ethische Aspekte der beschriebenen Situation beleuchtet.Es erfolgt eine systematische Literaturanalyse, um die Frage zu beantworten.