bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of price on the decision to experiment with cigarette smoking among Gambian children: a survival analysis using the Gambia 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data
Authors: Dare Chengetai , Cham Bai , Boachie Micheal Kofi , Gitonga Zachary , D'Alessandro Umberto , Walbeek Corne 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between cigarette prices and smoking experimentation among children in the Gambia, and thereby expanding the evidence base of the likely impact of excise taxes on cigarette demand in low-income and middle-income countries.DesignA survival analysis using the Gambia 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data.SettingThe Gambia.ParticipantsThe survey sample was 12 585 youths, aged 12–17 years, but our analysis was restricted to 11 030 respondents with information on smoking status.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur outcome variable was smoking experimentation defined as the first time the respondent smoked (at least part of) a cigarette.ResultsA 1% increase in the price of cigarettes reduces the probability to experiment with smoking by 0.7%. We also found that children are more likely to experiment with smoking if they have at least one smoking parent, friends who smoke and see teachers who smoke. The probability to experiment with cigarette smoking increases with age and is higher among boys than girls.ConclusionThere is strong evidence that increasing excise taxes can play an effective role in discouraging children from experimenting with cigarette smoking. Considering the relatively low excise tax burden in the Gambia, the government should consider substantially increasing the excise tax burden.
Efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation with combined low and high frequencies on body composition, peripheral muscle function and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis: a protocol for a randomised, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Moraes Igor Gutierrez , Brito Camila Porto , Francisco Davi de Souza , Faria Larissa Martinez , Luders Claudio , de Brito Christina May Moran , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as an adjunctive strategy to increase isolated muscular strength or endurance has been widely investigated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD). However, the efficacy of combined low and high frequencies, to improve both muscular strength and endurance, is unknown. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of this combined NMES strategy in this population.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial with blinded assessments and analysis. A total of 56 patients with CKD undergoing HD will be recruited and randomised to an NMES protocol. The evaluations will be performed on three different days at baseline and after 24 sessions of follow-up. Assessments will include the background, insulin-like growth factor, lactate measurement, malnutrition and inflammation score evaluation, an electrical bioimpedance examination, global muscular evaluation by means of the Medical Research Council scale, handgrip strength evaluation, muscular isokinetic evaluation of lower limbs, 6 min step test performance and quality of life (QoL) questionnaire with emphasis on physical function. The patients will be allocated in one of the following four groups: 1) combined low and high frequencies; 2) low frequency; 3) high frequency; and 4) sham stimulation with minimal intensity to generate only sensory perception (with no visible contraction). In all groups, the intensity throughout the session will be the highest tolerated by patient (except for control group). The primary endpoint is the change of peripheral muscle function (muscular strength and endurance). The secondary endpoints will be the changes of body composition; muscle trophism; exercise tolerance; QoL; and nutritional, inflammatory, and metabolic markers. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable knowledge on how to optimise the NMES intervention, with improvements in both muscle strength and endurance.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee on Research with Humans of Hospital Sírio-Libanês (approval no. 24337707). Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03779126
Impact of mobile phones on HIV public stigma: a cross-sectional and pseudo-panel analysis from Ghana
Authors: Iacoella Francesco , Gassmann Franziska , Tirivayi Nyasha 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveHIV-related stigma still remains a major barrier to testing and a significant burden for people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper investigates how mobile phone ownership can influence HIV-related stigma.DesignThis is an observational study using both cross-sectional and pseudo-panel data. Analysis is conducted at both community and individual levels.SettingThe analysis is run for the country of Ghana using data from 2008 and 2014.ParticipantsIndividual-level and household-level data were obtained from Ghana’s Demographic and Health Survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe analysis measures the impact of mobile phone ownership on prejudice against people with HIV. Secondary outcomes are knowledge of HIV, which is included as a mediating element.ResultsCommunity-level analysis finds that a 10% increase in the share of mobile phone owners reduces the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes towards PLWH/AIDS by up to 3%. Results are consistent at the individual level. Additionally, mobile phone-enabled HIV knowledge is found to mediate about 26% of the effect of mobile phones on public stigma.ConclusionsThese findings shed light on the role played by access to mobile technology on HIV-related stigma and discrimination and can support the development of future awareness raising and health communication campaigns in Ghana and other West African countries.
Geometric uncertainty in intracranial aneurysm rupture status discrimination: a two-site retrospective study
Authors: Hellmeier Florian , Brüning Jan , Berg Philipp , Saalfeld Sylvia , Spuler Andreas , Sandalcioglu Ibrahim Erol , Beuing Oliver , Larsen Naomi , Schaller Jens , Goubergrits Leonid 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesAssessing the risk associated with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is essential in clinical decision making. Several geometric risk parameters have been proposed for this purpose. However, performance of these parameters has been inconsistent. This study evaluates the performance and robustness of geometric risk parameters on two datasets and compare it to the uncertainty inherent in assessing these parameters and quantifies interparameter correlations.MethodsTwo datasets containing 244 ruptured and unruptured IA geometries from 178 patients were retrospectively analysed. IAs were stratified by anatomical region, based on the PHASES score locations. 37 geometric risk parameters representing four groups (size, neck, non-dimensional, and curvature parameters) were assessed. Analysis included standardised absolute group differences (SADs) between ruptured and unruptured IAs, ratios of SAD to median relative uncertainty (MRU) associated with the parameters, and interparameter correlation.ResultsThe ratio of SAD to MRU was lower for higher dimensional size parameters (ie, areas and volumes) than for one-dimensional size parameters. Non-dimensional size parameters performed comparatively well with regard to SAD and MRU. SAD was higher in the posterior anatomical region. Correlation of parameters was strongest within parameter (sub)groups and between size and curvature parameters, while anatomical region did not strongly affect correlation patterns.ConclusionNon-dimensional parameters and few parameters from other groups were comparatively robust, suggesting that they might generalise better to other datasets. The data on discriminative performance and interparameter correlations presented in this study may aid in developing and choosing robust geometric parameters for use in rupture risk models.
Protocol for an open randomised controlled trial investigating Fibrin Glue in Skin grafts for Skin cancer (FiGSS)
Authors: Paw Ekta , Vangaveti Venkat , Zonta Mark , Heal Clare 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSkin cancer is a common disease in the tropics, and oncological resection typically requires reconstruction with skin grafts. Fibrin glue, initially established as a haemostatic agent, has been studied extensively as an adhesive for skin grafts in burns. This study aims to investigate the use of fibrin as an adhesive for split skin grafts in skin cancers.Methods and analysisThe study design is a prospective randomised controlled trial with the aim of investigating the impact of two different methods of split skin graft fixation. The intervention of fibrin glue will be compared with the control of staples or sutures. The trial will be conducted at two sites, a public hospital and a private hospital in Townsville, Australia, over a 24-month period with 334 participants to be recruited. Consecutive patients presenting for skin excisions and grafting will be eligible to participate in this study. Randomisation will be on the level of the patient. The primary outcome is graft take based on wound healing at 1 month. Secondary outcomes will be pain on dressing changes and operative time.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by The Townsville University Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated in conference presentations and journals and through online electronic media.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000484246.
Rates of perceived medical errors and its correlation with work-related factors and personal distress among emergency physicians in China: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Yan Shijiao , Wang Jing , Yin Xiaoxv , Lv Chuanzhu , Wu Jianxiong , Jiang Nan , Chen Zhenyuan , Mu Ketao , Zhang Guopeng , Gong Yanhong 
Published: November 2022

PurposeMedical errors are a global concern, and specifically, EDs are at considerable risk for medical errors. Few studies focus on the healthcare provider’s self-perceived medical errors in hospitals, let alone the ED. Hence, this study explored perceived medical errors and their correlation with work-related factors and personal distress among physicians in EDs in China.MethodsFrom July 2018 to August 2018, a national web-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The link to the web-based questionnaire was posted on the emergency physicians’ working platform, inviting Chinese licensed emergency physicians to participate anonymously in this survey. Our outcome of interest, medical errors, was investigated using self-reporting methods. Occupational stress was assessed using the Chinese version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance scale. The Patient Health Questionnaire, the subscale of the 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the subscale of the validated Leiden Quality of Work Questionnaire and the 10-item Generalised Self-efficacy Scale were used to assess personal distress. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors significantly associated with perceived medical errors.ResultsA sample of 10 457 emergency physicians completed the survey. Almost half (43.63%) of physicians reported self-perceived medical errors during the previous 3 months. The rate of workplace verbal aggression, effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptoms were 81.81%, 78.39% and 35.71%, respectively. Medical errors were more likely to be reported among chief physicians, and those who reported the department was short-staffed for physicians, and who experienced workplace verbal aggression and intense work stress. Medical errors were significantly associated with negative affect and lower self-efficacy.ConclusionSelf-perceived medical errors are prevalent among physicians working in EDs and are associated with their workplace environment and personal distress. Targeted interventions are required to reduce physicians’ workload and improve their working environment. Accounting for healthcare providers’ distress is imperative for reducing the incidence of medical errors and improving their health.
Spread of local anesthetics after erector spinae plane block: an MRI study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Sørenstua Marie , Zantalis Nikolaos , Raeder Johan , Vamnes Jan Sverre , Leonardsen Ann-Chatrin Linqvist 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundErector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a truncal fascial block with a disputed mechanism and anatomical site of effect. This study aimed to perform a one-sided ESPB and use MRI to investigate the spread of the local anesthetic (LA) and the corresponding cutaneous loss of sensation to pinprick and cold.MethodsTen volunteers received a right-sided ESPB at the level of the seventh thoracic vertebra (Th7), consisting of 30 mL 2.5 mg/mL ropivacaine with 0.3 mL gadolinium. The primary outcome was the evaluation of the spread of LA on MRI 1-hour postblock. The secondary outcome was the loss of sensation to cold and pinprick 30–50 min after the block was performed.ResultsAll volunteers had a spread of LA on MRI in the erector spinae muscles and to the intercostal space. 9/10 had spread to the paravertebral space and 8/10 had spread to the neural foramina. 4/10 volunteers had spread to the epidural space. One volunteer had extensive epidural spread as well as contralateral epidural and foraminal spread. Four volunteers had a loss of sensation both posterior and anterior to the midaxillary line, while six volunteers had a loss of sensation only on the posterior side.ConclusionWe found that LA consistently spreads to the intercostal space, the paravertebral space, and the neural foramina after an ESPB. Epidural spread was evident in four volunteers. Sensory testing 30–50 min after an ESPB shows highly variable results, and generally under-represents what could be expected from the visualized spread on MRI 60 min after block performance.Trial registration numberNCT05012332.
Ion energy distribution of plasma ions of a hollow cathode discharge in Ar + N$$_2$$ and Ar + O$$_2$$ gas mixtures
Authors: Hippler Rainer , Cada Martin , Hubicka Zdenek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A hollow cathode discharge with a Ti cathode and a positively biased ring anode was operated in Ar + N$$_2$$

2

or Ar + O$$_2$$

2

gas mixtures. The energy distribution of plasma ions is investigated with the help of energy-resolved mass spectrometry. Singly and doubly charged Ar$$^+$$

+

and Ar$$^{2+}$$

2
+

ions and molecular N$$_2^+$$

2
+

or O$$_2^+$$

2
+

ions are the most abundant ionic species. The kinetic energy of all plasma ions is enhanced by a positive anode voltage.

Graphical abstract
Actions of tame abelian product groups
Authors: Allison Shaun , Shani Assaf 
Published: November 2022

A Polish group G is tame if for any continuous action of G, the corresponding orbit equivalence relation is Borel. When [Formula: see text] for countable abelian [Formula: see text], Solecki [Equivalence relations induced by actions of Polish groups, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 347 (1995) 4765–4777] gave a characterization for when G is tame. In [L. Ding and S. Gao, Non-archimedean abelian Polish groups and their actions, Adv. Math. 307 (2017) 312–343], Ding and Gao showed that for such G, the orbit equivalence relation must in fact be potentially [Formula: see text], while conjecturing that the optimal bound could be [Formula: see text]. We show that the optimal bound is [Formula: see text] by constructing an action of such a group G which is not potentially [Formula: see text], and show how to modify the analysis of [L. Ding and S. Gao, Non-archimedean abelian Polish groups and their actions, Adv. Math. 307 (2017) 312–343] to get this slightly better upper bound. It follows, using the results of Hjorth et al. [Borel equivalence relations induced by actions of the symmetric group, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 92 (1998) 63–112], that this is the optimal bound for the potential complexity of actions of tame abelian product groups. Our lower-bound analysis involves forcing over models of set theory where choice fails for sequences of finite sets.
LONG-RANGE CONNECTIONS, REAL-WORLD NETWORKS AND RATES OF DIFFUSION
Authors: ARAÚJO TANYA , MENDES R. VILELA 
Published: November 2022

Long-range connections play an essential role in dynamical processes on networks, on the processing of information in biological networks, on the structure of social and economical networks and in the propagation of opinions and epidemics. Here, we review the evidence for long-range connections in real-world networks and discuss the nature of the nonlocal diffusion arising from different distance-dependent laws. Particular attention is devoted to the characterization of diffusion in finite networks for moderate large times and to the comparison of distance laws of exponential and power type.
Decongestion With Acetazolamide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Across the Spectrum of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Prespecified Analysis From the ADVOR Trial
Authors: Martens Pieter , Dauw Jeroen , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Nijst Petra , Meekers Evelyne , Augusto Silvio Nunes , Ter Maaten Jozine M. , Damman Kevin , Mebazaa Alexandre , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ruschitzka Frank , Tang W.H. Wilson , Dupont Matthias , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Acetazolamide inhibits proximal tubular sodium reabsorption and improved decongestion in the ADVOR (Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload) trial. It remains unclear whether the decongestive effects of acetazolamide differ across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods:
This is a prespecified analysis of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ADVOR trial that enrolled 519 patients with acute heart failure (HF), clinical signs of volume overload (eg, edema, pleural effusion, or ascites), NTproBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) >1000 ng/L, or BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) >250 ng/mL to receive intravenous acetazolamide (500 mg once daily) or placebo in addition to standardized intravenous loop diuretics (twice that of the oral home maintenance dose). Randomization was stratified according to LVEF (≤40% or >40%). The primary end point was successful decongestion, defined as the absence of signs of volume overload within 3 days from randomization without the need for mandatory escalation of decongestive therapy because of poor urine output.

Results:

Median LVEF was 45% (25th to 75th percentile; 30% to 55%), and 43% had an LVEF ≤40%. Patients with lower LVEF were younger and more likely to be male with a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease, higher NTproBNP, less atrial fibrillation, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. No interaction on the overall beneficial treatment effect of acetazolamide to the primary end point of successful decongestion (OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.18-2.63];
P
=0.005; all
P
values for interaction >0.401) was found when LVEF was assessed per randomization stratum (≤40% or >40%), or as HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, and HF with preserved ejection fraction, or on a continuous scale. Acetazolamide resulted in improved diuretic response measured by higher cumulative diuresis and natriuresis and shortened length of stay without treatment effect modification by baseline LVEF (all
P
values for interaction >0.160).

Conclusions:
When added to treatment with loop diuretics in patients with acute decompensated HF, acetazolamide improves the incidence of successful decongestion and diuretic response, and shortens length of stay without treatment effect modification by baseline LVEF.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03505788.
The Argonauts on Mount Dindymon
Authors: Giardini Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article explores the foundation of Cybele’s cult by the Argonauts on Mount Dindymon as narrated by Apollonius of Rhodes in Book 1 of the Argonautica. It will be maintained that the differences between the ritual described by the poet and the cultic practice attested to in the tradition can be explained as a reference to the myth of Dionysus’ purification in Phrygia, which was also staged in the Grand Procession of Ptolemy II. In particular, the presence of a Dionysiac sub-pattern will be detected in the mention of the vine used for carving the statue of Cybele, which has no parallel in other sources concerning the goddess and which is linked to Dionysus in other Hellenistic poems about cult statues. It will be claimed that the reference to the Dionysiac myth may hide a political message connected with Ptolemaic imperialist ambition in Anatolia and Greece in the 3rd century BC.
Genealogies of τέχνη
Authors: Norman Max 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although Pindar’s craft imagery has long been appreciated, scholars have paid relatively little attention to technê in particular, focusing instead on the apparently more elevated, and more Pindaric, sophia. Concentrating on the odes that narrate the origins of specific technai (Pythian 12, Olympian 7, Olympian 13), this paper questions the dichotomy between technical and ethical knowledge in Pindar. Far from dismissing technê as mere banausic craft, as his critics often do, Pindar consistently presents it as a means of promoting civic and even cosmic order. I conclude with a discussion of Pythian 3, where Pindar makes explicit the metapoetics implicit in the previous poems and figures his own activity as a sort of technê. In this light, Pindaric sophia, as the practice of technê within ethical limits, emerges as a relationship of the individual to the cosmos.
The Catalogus geometrarum from the Corpus Agrimensorum
Authors: Marshall Richard M.A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An overlooked fragmentary Latin text preserved in the Corpus of Roman Land Surveyors proves to be a translation of a lost branch of the Aratean commentary tradition. Stripped of the classicizing veneer mistakenly applied by earlier editors, the fragment can be recognized as the work of an unknown and inept late-antique Translator, perhaps working within a generation of the fragment’s earliest manuscript witness, the Codex Arcerianus. The branch of the commentary tradition used by this Translator made use of Euclid ‘the Sicilian’, an authority now absent from the surviving tradition: if this Euclid is identical with the famous geometer, as argued here, we may have radical new evidence for his homeland, hitherto unknown. The Aratean manuscript used by the Translator was equipped with interlinear Latin glosses and with illustrations of a type otherwise unattested in the surviving Aratean tradition.
Sartre’s Engagement with Hegel and Trotsky
Authors: Barot Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Being and Nothingness argues that in the master–slave dialectic Hegel had a ‘brilliant insight’ contra solipsism, to the effect that each self-consciousness depends on other consciousnesses. Against Hegel, however, Sartre claims that the separation of the for-itself remains an insurmountable ‘scandal’ and that collectivity can at best exist as a ‘de-totalised totality’, never as Subject. In a confrontation with Hegelian Sittlichkeit, Notebooks for an Ethics extends this analysis to the historical modalities of the mutual recognition of freedoms. A ‘concrete ethics’ must be ‘revolutionary socialist’, centrally concerned with ‘the dialectic of the ends and means of revolution’. Finally, Sartre’s analysis of the dialectic of society and the state in the Critique of Dialectical Reason explains why sovereignty can never be the embodiment of an imaginary Subject. Sartre thus ultimately occupies a highly distinctive middle ground between Hegel’s Philosophy of Right and Marx’s critique of Hegel. A fulcrum of the argument, focused on Notebooks for an Ethics, consists in a comparison between Sartre and Trotsky’s Their Morals and Ours.