bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the future of commercial dispute resolution in Asia: Accelerating efficiency and effectiveness in ADR
Authors: Tezuka Hiroyuki , Koeda Mihiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince 2017, Japan has rapidly developed its hard and soft infrastructure to accelerate the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in Japan, such as establishing the Japan International Dispute Resolution Center and the Japan International Mediation Center, Kyoto, as well as amending the Foreign Lawyers Act. The legislative process to amend the Japanese Arbitration Act is underway and discussions to accede to the Singapore Convention are ongoing. Mediation and settlement discussions involving judges during the litigation process are traditionally common in Japanese court practices, which would have some implications for investor–state mediation, which is a recent hot topic in the field of investor–state dispute settlement. Numerous means of further improving the efficiency and effectiveness of ADR proceedings have been discussed globally, including mid-stream conferences, Calderbank offers, the use of mediation in complex disputes, and the advanced use of Arb-Med-Arb proceedings utilizing party-appointed arbitrators.
Higher total faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations correlate with increasing proportions of butyrate and decreasing proportions of branched-chain fatty acids across multiple human studies
Authors: LaBouyer Maria , Holtrop Grietje , Horgan Graham , Gratz Silvia W. , Belenguer Alvaro , Smith Nicola , Walker Alan W. , Duncan Sylvia H. , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Louis Petra , Flint Harry J. , Scott Karen P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Metabolites produced by microbial fermentation in the human intestine, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are known to play important roles in colonic and systemic health. Our aim here was to advance our understanding of how and why their concentrations and proportions vary between individuals. We have analysed faecal concentrations of microbial fermentation acids from 10 human volunteer studies, involving 163 subjects, conducted at the Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK over a 7-year period. In baseline samples, the % butyrate was significantly higher, whilst % iso-butyrate and % iso-valerate were significantly lower, with increasing total SCFA concentration. The decreasing proportions of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate, derived from amino acid fermentation, suggest that fibre intake was mainly responsible for increased SCFA concentrations. We propose that the increase in % butyrate among faecal SCFA is largely driven by a decrease in colonic pH resulting from higher SCFA concentrations. Consistent with this, both total SCFA and % butyrate increased significantly with decreasing pH across five studies for which faecal pH measurements were available. Colonic pH influences butyrate production through altering the stoichiometry of butyrate formation by butyrate-producing species, resulting in increased acetate uptake and butyrate formation, and facilitating increased relative abundance of butyrate-producing species (notably Roseburia and Eubacterium rectale).
The structure of the nonmarine fossil record: predictions from a coupled stratigraphic–paleoecological model of a coastal basin
Authors: Holland Steven M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPresented here is a coupled model of the nonmarine fossil record, based on a geometric model of deposition, a random-branching model of evolution, and an ecological model based on an elevation gradient. This model provides testable predictions about the stratigraphy and fossil occurrences in coastal nonmarine settings under three scenarios of sea-level change. A slow relative rise in sea level causes a declining ratio of channel to floodplain deposits, plus changes in community composition that reflect an upward increase in elevation relative to sea level. A rapid relative rise in sea level drives increasing aggradation rates, decreases the ratio of channel to floodplain deposits, and triggers a shift from higher-elevation (more inland) to lower-elevation (more coastal) communities. A fall in sea level produces an unconformity, manifested by valleys separated by interfluves. The resumption of deposition following the sea-level fall causes an abrupt shift in community composition across the unconformity, reflecting the duration of the hiatus and the increased elevation relative to sea level. This produces a cluster of first and last occurrences at the unconformity, and it is the only sequence-stratigraphic source of such clusters in a nonmarine system, in contrast to the multiple mechanisms for generating these clusters in marine systems. A central prediction of these models is that the nonmarine fossil record preserves systematic changes in community composition that reflect elevation (or equivalently, distance from shore). Diagnosing these gradients in ancient systems is a promising avenue of future research.
SAU-RFC hand: a novel self-adaptive underactuated robot hand with rigid-flexible coupling fingers
Authors: Su Congjia , Wang Rui , Lu Tao , Wang Shuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel self-adaptive underactuated robot hand with rigid-flexible coupling fingers (SAU-RFC hand) is proposed. The seven degrees of freedom (DOFs) SAU-RFC hand is driven by four servomotors, consists of three fingers, including two side-turning (ST) fingers and one non-side-turning finger. Specially, the ST fingers can perform synchronous reverse rotation laterally with each other. Each finger with three joints and two DOFs introduces a flexible structure, and the inner part of the proximal phalanx that makes most of the contact with the object is replaced by a flexible belt. The fingers can generate flexion/extension under the pull of the flexible belt, and the middle and distal phalanxes are mechanically coupled through a four-bar linkage. In particular, the flexible belt in the inner direction of the finger will deform, while it will not deform in the outer direction since the outer is a rigid structure. The flexible belt not only plays the role of transmitting power but also has the effect of uniformizing the contact force. Due to the rigid-flexible finger structure, the developed robot hand has a higher self-adaptive grasping ability for objects with different shapes, sizes, and hardness. In addition, the kinematic and kinetic analyses of SAU-RFC hand are performed. A contact force distribution model is established for the flexible belt, which demonstrates its effect of promoting uniform force distribution theoretically. In the end, experiments are conducted on different objects to verify the performance of SAU-RFC hand.
Reflections on a national public health emergency response to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
Authors: Humphreys Hilary , Cormican Martin , Brennan Wendy , Burns Karen , O'Donovan Diarmuid , Dalchan Therese , Keane Shirley , Sheahan Anne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are important globally. In 2017, Ireland declared a national public health emergency to address CPE in acute hospitals. A National Public Health Emergency Team and an expert advisory group (EAG) were established. The EAG has identified key learnings to inform future strategies. First, there is still an opportunity to prevent CPE becoming endemic. Second, damp environmental reservoirs in hospitals are inadequately controlled. Third, antibiotic stewardship remains important in control. Finally, there is no current requirement to extend screening to detect CPE outside of acute hospitals. These conclusions and their implications may also be relevant in other countries.
In-depth analysis of the impact of OCR errors on named entity recognition and linking
Authors: Hamdi Ahmed , Linhares Pontes Elvys , Sidere Nicolas , Coustaty Mickaël , Doucet Antoine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNamed entities (NEs) are among the most relevant type of information that can be used to properly index digital documents and thus easily retrieve them. It has long been observed that NEs are key to accessing the contents of digital library portals as they are contained in most user queries. However, most digitized documents are indexed through their optical character recognition (OCRed) version which include numerous errors. Although OCR engines have considerably improved over the last few years, OCR errors still considerably impact document access. Previous works were conducted to evaluate the impact of OCR errors on named entity recognition (NER) and named entity linking (NEL) techniques separately. In this article, we experimented with a variety of OCRed documents with different levels and types of OCR noise to assess in depth the impact of OCR on named entity processing. We provide a deep analysis of OCR errors that impact the performance of NER and NEL. We then present the resulting exhaustive study and subsequent recommendations on the adequate documents, the OCR quality levels, and the post-OCR correction strategies required to perform reliable NER and NEL.
Still valuable? Reconsidering the role of authoritarian values among Japanese voters
Authors: Benasaglio Berlucchi Antonio , Hino Airo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has dominated Japanese politics since its foundation in 1955. The party's ability to support the interests of small farmers and its commitment to the middle-class through redistributive economic policies have been regarded as among the primary factors leading to its prolonged hegemony. Yet, the LDP has occasionally relied on non-economic political appeals addressing rather conservative issues such as Japan's military force and the country's traditional values. These appeals have significantly intensified under the premiership of Junichirō Koizumi and his successor Shinzō Abe, whose authoritative leadership styles and nationalist agendas reveal the relevance of non-economic values. This study focuses on the role of authoritarian values in shaping vote choice in twenty-first century Japan. Previously emphasized in The Japanese Voter, the authority–liberty dimension has gradually lost prominence in recent models of voting behavior, where socio-economic factors have had a central role in explaining vote choice. Our inquiry places new emphasis on this value dimension and provides evidence for the enduring relevance of individual authoritarian dispositions in models of vote choice.
Future Flood Risk Exacerbated by the Dynamic Impacts of Sea Level Rise Along the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Bilskie M. V. , Angel D. Del , Yoskowitz D. , Hagen S. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA growing concern of coastal communities is increased flood risk and non‐monetary consequences due to climate‐induced impacts such as sea level rise (SLR). Previous efforts have discussed the importance of future flood risk quantification using broad aggregations of monetary loss with “bathtub” SLR models rather than more physically based modeling approaches. Here we quantify actual impacts to coastal communities at the census block level using a dynamic, high‐resolution, bio geophysical modeling framework for four SLR scenarios for the year 2100. This framework accounts for future sea‐levels, landscape change, and urbanization to quantify the 1% and 0.2% annual exceedance probability (AEP) water levels. The computed AEP water levels were used to quantify building damage and populations of displaced people and people requiring long‐term shelter across the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) (Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida panhandle). The increase in damaged buildings under SLR is linear, with an increase of 16,367 damaged buildings per 1 m of SLR (R2 = 0.96) for the 1% AEP flood. The rate increases to 24,981 damaged buildings per 1 m of SLR (R2 = 0.96) for the 0.2% AEP, on average. The increase in displaced people across the NGOM is 8,056 people per meter of SLR, and people requiring shelter is 300 per meter of SLR. The results in this work highlight the varying levels of risk across the NGOM and the change in risk under climate change‐induced impacts.
Rixosomal RNA degradation contributes to silencing of Polycomb target genes
Authors: Zhou Haining , Stein Chad B. , Shafiq Tiasha A. , Shipkovenska Gergana , Kalocsay Marian , Paulo Joao A. , Zhang Jiuchun , Luo Zhenhua , Gygi Steven P. , Adelman Karen , Moazed Danesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) are histone-modifying and -binding complexes that mediate the formation of facultative heterochromatin and are required for silencing of developmental genes and maintenance of cell fate1–3. Multiple pathways of RNA decay work together to establish and maintain heterochromatin in fission yeast, including a recently identified role for a conserved RNA-degradation complex known as the rixosome or RIX1 complex4–6. Whether RNA degradation also has a role in the stability of mammalian heterochromatin remains unknown. Here we show that the rixosome contributes to silencing of many Polycomb targets in human cells. The rixosome associates with human PRC complexes and is enriched at promoters of Polycomb target genes. Depletion of either the rixosome or Polycomb results in accumulation of paused and elongating RNA polymerase at Polycomb target genes. We identify point mutations in the RING1B subunit of PRC1 that disrupt the interaction between PRC1 and the rixosome and result in diminished silencing, suggesting that direct recruitment of the rixosome to chromatin is required for silencing. Finally, we show that the RNA endonuclease and kinase activities of the rixosome and the downstream XRN2 exoribonuclease, which degrades RNAs with 5′ monophosphate groups generated by the rixosome, are required for silencing. Our findings suggest that rixosomal degradation of nascent RNA is conserved from fission yeast to human, with a primary role in RNA degradation at facultative heterochromatin in human cells.
Accumulation-depuration data collection in support of toxicokinetic modelling
Authors: Ratier Aude , Charles Sandrine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRegulatory bodies require bioaccumulation evaluation of chemicals within organisms to better assess toxic risks. Toxicokinetic (TK) data are particularly useful in relating the chemical exposure to the accumulation and depuration processes happening within organisms. TK models are used to predict internal concentrations when experimental data are lacking or difficult to access, such as within target tissues. The bioaccumulative property of chemicals is quantified by metrics calculated from TK model parameters after fitting to data collected via bioaccumulation tests. In bioaccumulation tests, internal concentrations of chemicals are measured within organisms at regular time points during accumulation and depuration phases. The time course is captured by TK model parameters thus providing bioaccumulation metrics. But raw TK data remain difficult to access, most often provided within papers as plots. To increase availability of TK data, we developed an innovative database from data extracted in the scientific literature to support TK modelling. Freely available, our database can dynamically evolve thanks to any researcher interested in sharing data to be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.
Focal p53 protein expression and lymphovascular invasion in primary prostate tumors predict metastatic progression
Authors: Gesztes William , Schafer Cara , Young Denise , Fox Jesse , Jiang Jiji , Chen Yongmei , Kuo Huai-Ching , Mwamukonda Kuwong B. , Dobi Albert , Burke Allen P. , Moul Judd W. , McLeod David G. , Rosner Inger L. , Petrovics Gyorgy , Tan Shyh-Han , Cullen Jennifer , Srivastava Shiv , Sesterhenn Isabell A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTP53 is one of the most frequently altered genes in prostate cancer. The precise assessment of its focal alterations in primary tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has significantly enhanced its prognosis. p53 protein expression and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were evaluated for predicting metastatic progression by IHC staining of representative whole-mounted prostate sections from a cohort of 189 radical prostatectomy patients with up to 20 years of clinical follow-up. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to examine time to distant metastasis (DM) as a function of p53 expression and LVI status. TP53 targeted sequencing was performed in ten tumors with the highest expression of p53 staining. Nearly half (49.8%) of prostate tumors examined showed focal p53 expression while 26.6% showed evidence of LVI. p53(+) tumors had higher pathologic T stage, Grade Group, Nuclear Grade, and more frequent LVI. p53 expression of > 5% and LVI, individually and jointly, are associated with poorer DM-free survival. TP53 mutations were detected in seven of ten tumors sequenced. Four tumors with the highest p53 expression harbored likely pathogenic or pathogenic mutations. High levels of p53 expression suggest the likelihood of pathogenic TP53 alterations and, together with LVI status, could enhance early prognostication of prostate cancer progression.
Coral calcification mechanisms in a warming ocean and the interactive effects of temperature and light
Authors: Ross Claire L. , Warnes Andrew , Comeau Steeve , Cornwall Christopher E. , Cuttler Michael V. W. , Naugle Melissa , McCulloch Malcolm T. , Schoepf Verena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOcean warming is transforming the world’s coral reefs, which are governed by the growth of marine calcifiers, most notably branching corals. Critical to skeletal growth is the corals’ regulation of their internal chemistry to promote calcification. Here we investigate the effects of temperature and light on the calcifying fluid chemistry (using boron isotope systematics), calcification rates, metabolic rates and photo-physiology ofAcropora nasutaduring two mesocosm experiments simulating seasonal and static temperature and light regimes. Under the seasonal regime, coral calcification rates, calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry, photo-physiology and metabolic productivity responded to both changes in temperature and light. However, under static conditions the artificially prolonged exposure to summer temperatures resulted in heat stress and a heightened sensitivity to light. Our results indicate that temperature and light effects on coral physiology and calcification mechanisms are interactive and context-specific, making it essential to conduct realistic multi-variate dynamic experiments in order to predict how coral calcification will respond to ocean warming.
Growth-stage-related shifts in diatom endometabolome composition set the stage for bacterial heterotrophy
Authors: Olofsson Malin , Ferrer-González Frank X , Uchimiya Mario , Schreier Jeremy E , Holderman Nicole R , Smith Christa B , Edison Arthur S , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytoplankton-derived metabolites fuel a large fraction of heterotrophic bacterial production in the global ocean, yet methodological challenges have limited our understanding of the organic molecules transferred between these microbial groups. In an experimental bloom study consisting of three heterotrophic marine bacteria growing together with the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, we concurrently measured diatom endometabolites (i.e., potential exometabolite supply) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and bacterial gene expression (i.e., potential exometabolite uptake) by metatranscriptomic sequencing. Twenty-two diatom endometabolites were annotated, with nine increasing in internal concentration in the late stage of the bloom, eight decreasing, and five showing no variation through the bloom progression. Some metabolite changes could be linked to shifts in diatom gene expression, as well as to shifts in bacterial community composition and their expression of substrate uptake and catabolism genes. Yet an overall low match indicated that endometabolome concentration was not a good predictor of exometabolite availability, and that complex physiological and ecological interactions underlie metabolite exchange. Six diatom endometabolites accumulated to higher concentrations in the bacterial co-cultures compared to axenic cultures, suggesting a bacterial influence on rates of synthesis or release of glutamate, arginine, leucine, 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate, glucose, and glycerol-3-phosphate. Better understanding of phytoplankton metabolite production, release, and transfer to assembled bacterial communities is key to untangling this nearly invisible yet pivotal step in ocean carbon cycling.
Safe near infrared light for fast polymers surface sterilization using organic heaters
Authors: Launay Valentin , Dumur Frédéric , Pieuchot Laurent , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: March 2022

NIR dyes (called heaters) are here in situ embedded in the polymeric materials so that they could produce a strong photothermal effect upon NIR light. The eradication of Escherichia coli was demonstrated after only 2 min of safe NIR irradiation.
Iron- and copper-based bifunctional catalysts for the base- and solvent-free C–N coupling of amines and aryl/benzyl chlorides under aerobic conditions
Authors: Sharma Charu , Srivastava Avinash K. , Sharma Deepak , Joshi Raj K. 
Published: March 2022

The chalcogenised ironcarbonyl clusters Fe3Se2(CO)9 and Cu(OAc)2 were found to be outstanding bimetallic catalyst for the Buchwald type C–N cross coupling reaction of amine and aryl chloride.
Multi‐stage attention network for video‐based person re‐identification
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Wei , Liang Binbin , Han Songchen , Zhu Xuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVideo‐based person re‐identification (Re‐ID) has received increasing attention in video surveillance analysis in recent years. To extract relevant information of the target, many existing methods utilise the attention mechanism in the residual block of the ResNet. However, these methods only focus on the residual block and ignore the output of the shortcut part, which also contains rich information about the person. To solve this problem, a different aspect of network design is investigated: the insert position of the attention module. To simultaneously explore the discriminative information in both the residual block and the shortcut, a novel multi‐stage attention method is proposed by inserting the attention mechanism between stages of ResNet. Using this method can effectively extract the rich discriminative features of the target to better distinguish different pedestrians and improve the feature extraction capabilities of the model. Extensive experiments are conducted on four popular video‐based person Re‐ID datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors’ proposed method and display its superiority with the existing video‐based person Re‐ID methods.