bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Lawfare: The Logic and Dynamics of Using Law to Exercise Economic Power
Authors: Ferguson Victor A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnprecedented economic interdependence and the extensive legalization of international commerce have created unique opportunities for states to exercise power in world politics. Yet, while international relations (IR) scholars have revealed much about how interdependence conditions the ability of states to leverage economic relationships to influence other actors, the equivalent role of law has received less systematic attention. This article explains the logic and dynamics that inform how, why, and under what conditions states may use law as a sword or shield in the realm of international commerce. Drawing upon the IR literature on economic statecraft and the international law literature on lawfare, the article conceptualizes “economic lawfare” and uses it to elucidate how law may shape the use of economic power. It outlines a typology of pathways through which economic lawfare can be employed and their associated opportunities and constraints, before presenting a simple model of key dynamics that shape their use. That model's plausibility is probed and the pathways are empirically illustrated in two case studies of recent episodes in which the Chinese government has sought to manipulate international commerce for strategic purposes. The article clarifies the distinction between legal and nonlegal instruments of economic statecraft, offers a theoretically explicit account of key mechanisms through which law may condition the use of economic power, and provides new conceptual foundations for emerging research on how institutions shape the ability of states to intervene in markets to achieve strategic objectives.
Correcting for base-population differences and unknown parent groups in single-step genomic predictions of Norwegian Red cattle
Authors: Belay Tesfaye K , Eikje Leiv S , Gjuvsland Arne B , Nordbø Øyvind , Tribout Thierry , Meuwissen Theo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bias and inflation in genomic evaluation with the single-step methods have been reported in several studies. Incompatibility between the base-populations of the pedigree-based and the genomic relationship matrix (G) could be a reason for these biases. Inappropriate ways of accounting for missing parents could be another reason for biases in genetic evaluations with or without genomic information. To handle these problems, we fitted and evaluated a fixed covariate (J) that contains ones for genotyped animals and zeros for unrelated non-genotyped animals, or pedigree-based regression coefficients for related non-genotyped animals. We also evaluated alternative ways of fitting the J covariate together with genetic groups on biases and stability of breeding value estimates, and of including it into G as a random effect. In a whole vs. partial data set comparison, four scenarios were investigated for the partial data: genotypes missing, phenotypes missing, both genotypes and phenotypes missing, and pedigree missing. Fitting J either as fixed or random reduced level-bias and inflation and increased stability of genomic predictions as compared to the basic model where neither J nor genetic groups were fitted. In most models, genomic predictions were largely biased for scenarios with missing genotype and phenotype information. The biases were reduced for models which combined group and J effects. Models with these corrected group covariates performed better than the recently published model where genetic groups were encapsulated and fitted as random via the Quaas and Pollak transformation. In our Norwegian Red cattle data, a model which combined group and J regression coefficients was preferred because it showed least bias and highest stability of genomic predictions across the scenarios.
Increased Hospitalization for IBD Patients Seen in the ER During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Malhi Gurpreet , Minhas Gurjot , Chambers Jason , Mikail Maria , Khanna Reena , Wilson Aze 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the focus of many health care systems shifted in order to prioritize and allocate resources toward treating those affected by COVID-19. What this has meant for other patient populations remains unclear. We aimed to determine if there have been changes to acute care access for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed in IBD patients seen during (March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020) and before (March 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019) the COVID-19 pandemic. IBD-related emergency room (ER) access, hospitalization, inpatient care and follow-up and post-discharge ER access were assessed.

Results
A total of 1229 participants were included. A higher proportion of patients accessed ER during the pandemic (44.6% versus 37.2%, P = 0.0097). A higher proportion of hospitalizations resulted from IBD-related ER visits during the pandemic period (41.6% versus 32.4%, OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.94, P = 0.0047), though length of stay was shorter (7.13 ± 8.95 days versus 10.11 ± 17.19 days, P = 0.015) and use of rescue infliximab was less. No change was seen in inpatient surgical intervention. Despite similar proportions of follow-up appointments post-hospital discharge (pre-pandemic, 77.9% versus pandemic, 78.3%), more ER visits occurred in the first 30 days following hospitalization for patients in the pandemic cohort (24.4% versus 11.1%, P = 0.0015).

Conclusion
These data highlight the need for ER services and hospitalization amongst IBD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This suggests that a return to pre-pandemic IBD care infrastructure is needed to mitigate the need for acute care access.
Diagnostic intra-articular injection with provocative functional testing predicts patient-reported outcomes following hip arthroscopy: a prospective investigation
Authors: Haws Brittany E , Condidorio Chad G , Adler Kelly L , Giordano Brian D 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative diagnostic intra-articular injections with formal provocative post-injection functional testing on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following hip arthroscopy. Patients aged 14–40 with suspected labral pathology and/or femoroacetabular impingement were prospectively enrolled. Patients received a diagnostic intra-articular anesthetic injection then completed a battery of provocative physical function (PF) tests and were asked to rate the percentage of pain improvement. Patients completed PRO surveys preoperatively and up to 2 years postoperatively. PROs were compared between positive and negative injection response groups. Ninety-six patients received a diagnostic injection with provocative functional testing and subsequently underwent hip arthroscopy, 74 reported a positive injection response (≥75% improvement) and 22 reported a negative injection response (&lt;75% improvement). The average postoperative follow-up was 12 months. Both groups experienced significant improvement in PROs postoperatively. A positive injection response was associated with greater improvements in hip outcome score, Non-Arthritic Hip Score, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain interference and PROMIS PF at final follow-up compared to a negative injection response. Similar improvements in modified Harris Hip Score, Visual Analog Scale hip pain and PROMIS depression were experienced between groups. These results indicate that diagnostic intra-articular hip anesthetic injection with provocative functional testing may be a valuable predictor of pain and PF following hip arthroscopy. However, patients with negative injection responses still experienced significant clinical improvement in their postoperative outcomes. As such, a negative injection response should not preclude patients from being surgical candidates, but their outcomes may be less predictable.
Implementing the Right of People with Disabilities to Participate in Cultural Life across Five European Countries: Narratives and Counternarratives
Authors: Ferri Delia , Leahy Ann , Šubic Neža , Urzel Léa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a ground-breaking treaty that constitutes persons with disabilities as holders of rights and active members of society, and encompasses civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. Article 30 of the Convention provides for the right of persons with disabilities to participate in cultural life. The importance of this provision lies in its detailed normative content, and also in that it sheds a light on the need for appropriate policies and practices that enhance cultural participation of persons with disabilities. By investigating the extent to which Article 30 of the Convention has been implemented across five European states (Austria, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden), this article identifies common narratives and counternarratives related to the realization of the right to participate in cultural life. It adopts a socio-legal approach and a blended methodology combining desk-based and empirical research. It contrasts official narratives, which highlight good practices and steps taken to improve access to culture, with counternarratives that reveal a fragmentary approach to cultural participation of persons with disabilities, persisting barriers, limited recognition of artists with disabilities, and the perpetuation of stigma and stereotypes.
Self-Management in Youth With Spina Bifida: Associations With Parent Factors in the Context of a Summer Camp Intervention
Authors: Driscoll Colleen F Bechtel , Holmbeck Grayson N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parent factors and self-management for youth with spina bifida (SB).

Methods
Participants were 89 camper–parent dyads recruited for a summer camp program for youth with SB (Myouthage = 12.2 years); 48 of these families participated across 2 years. Campers and parents completed assessments at Time 1 (pre-camp) and Time 3 (post-camp) for one or two summers. Parents reported on demographics, their own adjustment, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, and youth condition-related responsibility and task mastery. Youth also reported on condition-related responsibility. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses and multilevel modeling were used to examine relationships between parent factors and youth self-management.

Results
Parents’ expectations for future goal attainment were positively associated with camper responsibility and task mastery, and these associations were moderated by camper age (only significant for older campers). When examining changes over one summer, parental expectations for the future were significantly associated with changes in campers’ condition-related task mastery. When examining trajectories across summers, parental perception of child vulnerability was negatively associated with the slope of condition-related responsibility and parents’ expectations for future goal attainment were positively associated with the slope of task mastery.

Conclusions
Parent perceptions and behaviors may be important targets for assessment and intervention when promoting condition-related independence for youth with SB.
Vaccine-Strain Varicella Virus Transmitted to a Term Infant Following Maternal Postpartum Vaccination
Authors: Saringkarisate Kornkanok , Len Kyra A , Melish Marian E , Prothero Bryscen K , Ching Natascha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Varicella is a highly contagious disease caused by Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) adopted the routine administration of varicella vaccine to varicella non-immune mothers postpartum before leaving the facility per the Advisory Committee in Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation of Varicella prevention. While the vaccine is well-tolerated, a live attenuated vaccine has the potential to cause clinical symptoms and complications, including rash. Secondary transmission of the vaccine virus from healthy persons is rare. Only 13 confirmed cases of secondary transmission from 11 immunocompetent vaccine recipients have been reported. We report the confirmed case of extensive neonatal varicella disease in a neonate after exposure to a vaccine varicella rash that developed after maternal postpartum vaccination.
Friends as Family: Using Composite Psychotherapy Case Material to Explore the Importance of Friendships for Unaccompanied Adolescent Refugees Coping with the Challenges of Resettlement in Ireland
Authors: Hoare Rachel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Given the absence of family support and the depth of shared experiences, friendships for unaccompanied adolescent refugees often take on ‘suffused’ functions which blur the boundaries between conventional friendship and family roles. This study explores the ways in which such friendships help unaccompanied adolescent refugees to cope with the migration journey and the challenges of resettlement in Ireland. Innovative composite case material was constructed from my reflections on my psychotherapy work with 33 unaccompanied adolescent refugees (engaging in an average of 16 sessions each), as recorded in a reflective clinical journal and portrayed in eco-map photographs between 2016 and 2020. Reflexive and polytextual thematic analysis identified four themes, which captured the deep emotional and experiential bonds of these friendships, their importance in helping these young people to cope with the stressors of resettlement, perceptions of friends as proxy family, and the importance of God as a friend.
Modified-release nicotinamide for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients: 52-week efficacy and safety results of the phase 3 randomized controlled NOPHOS trial
Authors: Ketteler Markus , Wiecek Andrzej , Rosenkranz Alexander R , Ose Claudia , Rekowski Jan , Lorenz Horst , Hellmann Burkhard , Karus Michael , Ruhmann Michaela , Ammer Richard 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe previously reported that modified-release nicotinamide (NAMR) was superior to placebo in reducing serum phosphate concentrations over 12 weeks in a large cohort of haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia. Here we report outcomes after 52 weeks of treatment.MethodsNOPHOS was a phase 3, international, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial with a parallel group design. NAMR (250–1500 mg/day) was investigated in comparison to placebo as an add-on therapy to an individual therapy with approved phosphate binders.ResultsIn the intention-to-treat population (NAMR: n = 539; placebo: n = 183), serum phosphate was significantly lower in the NAMR group compared with the placebo group at week 24 (5.40 ± 1.55 versus 5.79 ± 1.37 mg/dl, P &lt; .001) with a mean difference of −0.39 mg/dl [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.66 to −0.13], but was comparable between the groups at week 52 [mean difference −0.08 (95% CI −0.36–0.20)]. In the completer population (n = 358), statistical significance in favour of NAMR was reached at weeks 24 and 52. The treatment effect was reduced in patients with high baseline serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) compared with patients with low baseline serum iPTH. Compliant patients in the NAMR group had a more pronounced and sustained reduction in serum phosphate than non-compliant patients. NAMR treatment was associated with a significantly increased risk of thrombocytopenia, pruritus, anaemia, and diarrhoea. Herpes zoster occurred exclusively in patients randomized to NAMR.ConclusionsNAMR combined with phosphate binders significantly reduced serum phosphate over the first 24 weeks of treatment, but the treatment effect was not maintained up to week 52. Non-compliance may have contributed to reduced long-term efficacy. Several newly identified safety signals warrant further evaluation.
Safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy with or without osmotic blood–brain barrier disruption for the treatment of patients with brain tumors
Authors: Uluc Kutluay , Ambady Prakash , McIntyre Matthew K , Tabb John Philip , Kersch Cymon N , Nerison Caleb S , Huddleston Amy , Liu Jesse J , Dogan Aclan , Priest Ryan A , Fu Rongwei , Prola Netto Joao , Siler Dominic A , Muldoon Leslie L , Gahramanov Seymur , Neuwelt Edward A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntra-arterial administration of chemotherapy with or without osmotic blood–brain barrier disruption enhances delivery of therapeutic agents to brain tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of these procedures.MethodsRetrospectively collected data from a prospective database of consecutive patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors who received intra-arterial chemotherapy without osmotic blood–brain barrier disruption (IA) or intra-arterial chemotherapy with osmotic blood–brain barrier disruption (IA/OBBBD) at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) between December 1997 and November 2018 is reported. Chemotherapy-related complications are detailed per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) guidelines. Procedure-related complications are grouped as major and minor.Results4939 procedures (1102 IA; 3837 IA/OBBBD) were performed on 436 patients with various pathologies (primary central nervous system lymphoma [26.4%], glioblastoma [18.1%], and oligodendroglioma [14.7%]). Major procedure-related complications (IA: 12, 1%; IA/OBBBD: 27, 0.7%; P = .292) occurred in 39 procedures including 3 arterial dissections requiring intervention, 21 symptomatic strokes, 3 myocardial infarctions, 6 cervical cord injuries, and 6 deaths within 3 days. Minor procedure-related complications occurred in 330 procedures (IA: 41, 3.7%; IA/OBBBD: 289, 7.5%; P = .001). Chemotherapy-related complications with a CTCAE attribution and grade higher than 3 was seen in 359 (82.3%) patients.ConclusionsWe provide safety and tolerability data from the largest cohort of consecutive patients who received IA or IA/OBBBD. Our data demonstrate that IA or IA/OBBBD safely enhance drug delivery to brain tumors and brain around the tumor.
Critical Actors in a Dominant-Party Parliament? Representing Marginalised Communities in Singapore
Authors: Ng Yi Ming , Yew Joel , Oliver Steven 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Who speaks for marginalised communities in dominant-party parliaments, where electoral accountability is weak? While existing work demonstrates the persistent salience of a legislator’s personal identity in such settings, we build on recent ‘critical actor’ theory to argue for factors beyond identity-based selection to explain why representatives might speak for marginalised communities. To this end, we use a mixed-methods approach to analyse the representation of six marginal communities in Singapore’s dominant-party system. A quantitative content analysis of all 8246 parliamentary questions filed from 2011 to 2020 shows that in addition to representative gender and ethnics identities, prior careers and political tenure also influence marginal community representation. In-depth interviews with seven Member of Parliament help identify precise mechanisms for such representation, including shared experience, career-derived awareness, political freshness and representative philosophies. That said, not all marginalised communities are well-represented, reflecting constraints on individual legislator-driven representation amidst broader party electoral strategies in non-competitive systems.
Exploring the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization with the 21 cm line
Authors: Shimabukuro Hayato , Hasegawa Kenji , Kuchinomachi Akira , Yajima Hidenobu , Yoshiura Shintaro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dark age of the Universe, when no luminous object existed, ended with the birth of the first stars, galaxies, and black holes. This epoch is called cosmic dawn. Cosmic reionization is the major transition of the intergalactic medium in the Universe driven by ionizing photons emitted from luminous objects. Although the epoch through the dark ages to reionization is a milestone in the Universe, our knowledge of it is not yet sufficient. The cosmic 21 cm signal, which is emitted from neutral hydrogen, is expected to open a new window into this epoch. In this review paper, we first introduce the basic physics of the 21 cm line and how the first stars impact on the 21 cm line signal. Next, we briefly summarize how we extract astrophysical information from the 21 cm line signal by means of statistical and machine-learning approaches. We also discuss the synergy between the 21 cm line signal and other emission lines. Finally, we summarize the current status of 21 cm experiments.
A hybrid type of chromatic acclimation regulated by the dual green/red photosensory systems in cyanobacteria
Authors: Otsu Takuto , Eki Toshihiko , Hirose Yuu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cyanobacteria are phototrophic bacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. They use a supermolecular light-harvesting antenna complex, the phycobilisome (PBS), to capture and transfer light energy to photosynthetic reaction centers. Certain cyanobacteria alter the absorption maxima and/or overall structure of their PBSs in response to the ambient light wavelength—a process called chromatic acclimation (CA). One of the most well-known CA types is the response to green and red light, which is controlled by either the RcaEFC or CcaSR photosensory system. Here, we characterized a hybrid type of CA in the cyanobacterium Pleurocapsa sp. Pasteur Culture Collection (PCC) 7319 that uses both RcaEFC and CcaSR systems. In vivo spectroscopy suggested that strain PCC 7319 alters the relative composition of green-absorbing phycoerythrin and red-absorbing phycocyanin in the PBS. RNA sequencing and promoter motif analyses suggested that the RcaEFC system induces a gene operon for phycocyanin under red light, whereas the CcaSR system induces a rod-membrane linker gene under green light. Induction of the phycoerythrin genes under green light may be regulated through a yet unidentified photosensory system called the Cgi system. Spectroscopy analyses of the isolated PBSs suggested that hemidiscoidal and rod-shaped PBSs enriched with phycoerythrin were produced under green light, whereas only hemidiscoidal PBSs enriched with phycocyanin were produced under red light. PCC 7319 uses the RcaEFC and CcaSR systems to regulate absorption of green or red light (CA3) and the amount of rod-shaped PBSs (CA1), respectively. Cyanobacteria can thus flexibly combine diverse CA types to acclimate to different light environments.