bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New and revised cyrtospiriferid (Spiriferida) brachiopods from the lower Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Armenia
Authors: Serobyan Vahram , Danelian Taniel , Crônier Catherine , Grigoryan Araik , Mottequin Bernard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Upper Devonian sedimentary sequences of Central Armenia, which mainly consist of shallow water, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits, contain abundant and diverse brachiopods that are dominated by spiriferides. Based on newly collected material from the lower Famennian Aramazdospirifer orbelianus brachiopod zone (coeval to the Palmatolepis crepida conodont zone) of Armenia, we here introduce two new cyrtospiriferid genera and fully document their type species, including their intraspecific variability. Pentagonospirifer n. gen. is a monospecific genus assigned to the subfamily Cyrtospiriferinae that is currently known only from the lower Famennian of Armenia; it is likely that its type species, P. abrahamyanae n. sp., evolved from the species Cyrtospirifer verneuili sensu Abrahamyan, known from the Frasnian and lower Famennian of Armenia. The second new genus, Tornatospirifer n. gen., is assigned to the subfamily Cyrtiopsinae and defined on the basis of one of the most biostratigraphically valuable cyrtospiriferid species, namely T. armenicus n. comb., described previously from the lower Famennian Aramazdospirifer orbelianus Zone of Armenia. It is likely that it evolved from a Frasnian ancestral stock of Tiocyrspis Sartenaer, known from northwestern Europe, which probably migrated during the early Frasnian to the north Gondwanan margin. A neotype is selected for Abrahamyan's species because the type material is lost. Epibionts (Cornulites, Hederella) attached to brachiopods are also documented for the first time from the Upper Devonian of Armenia.UUID: http://zoobank.org/923d232f-cd6a-48bb-8a05-27c689058b65.
FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (13C/15N) DATA
Authors: van der Plicht J , Kuitems M 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe North Sea is considered a unique heritage site that yielded a huge amount of zoological and archaeological data. More than 200 palaeozoological and archaeological fossil bone samples from the North Sea bed are dated by 14C. About 2/3 of these dated bones are Pleistocene in age; the majority of the bones are from extinct species (in particular woolly mammoth); about 1/3 of the sample date to the Holocene. The presented dataset is important in its kind, but interpretation is limited because of a lack of context of the finds. The stable isotopes (13C, 15N) of the dated samples provide additional information on palaeoenvironmental conditions and dietary habits in the past. We present primarily a Groningen list of data; a few fossils dated in other laboratories are included for completeness.
The globally threatened epiphytic cyanolichenErioderma pedicellatumdepends on a rare combination of habitat factors
Authors: Nilsson Alexander R. , Solhaug Knut Asbjørn , Gauslaa Yngvar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLichen extinction occurs at rapid rates as a result of human activity, although species could potentially be rescued by conservation management based on ecophysiological knowledge. The boreal old forest cyanolichenErioderma pedicellatumcurrently occurs in few sites worldwide. To protect it from extinction, it is essential to learn more about it. The last remaining good European site is a canyon with a waterfall, in a low-rainfall region of Norway. Here, a spatially restricted population of 1500–2000 thalli dominates the epiphytic vegetation of a small number ofPicea abiescanopies. We were able to document that 1)E. pedicellatumgrew on thin branches with higher bark pH than is normal forP. abiesin a canyon that provided an unusual combination of very high light, high air humidity, and cool temperatures in the growing season. However, the species did not inhabit the main waterfall spray zone. 2)Erioderma pedicellatumhad a high light saturation point, high CO2uptake at high light (≥ 600 μmol m−2s−1) and cool temperatures (5–20 °C), and experienced strong suprasaturation depression of photosynthesis when fully hydrated. 3) It showed good tolerance of desiccation and high light; it was slightly more tolerant than the morphologically similar, but more common cyanolichenPectenia plumbea. 4) The European population in its sunny habitat had higher water holding capacity than previously recorded in slightly shaded rainforest populations in Newfoundland, consistent with acclimation to compensate for high evaporative demands. Understanding the ecological niche and responses to critical environmental factors is essential for action plans to avoid extinction ofE. pedicellatum. Methods used in this study could also be applicable for ecological understanding of other threatened lichen species.
Detection of Dirofilaria DNA and host blood-meal identification in Culicoides paolae biting midges
Authors: Napoli E. , Panarese R. , La Russa F. , Cambera I. , Mendoza-Roldan J. A. , Otranto D. , Brianti E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe vectorial role of blood-sucking arthropods, other than mosquitoes, has been explored for Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens which are filarioids of increasing interest due to their zoonotic potential. Given the expansion of canine heartworm infection in southern Europe due to D. immitis and the report of the infection in Linosa Island (Sicily, Italy), we investigated and focused on the potential involvement of Culicoides spp. in Dirofilaria spp. transmission as well as the blood-meal source in Dirofilaria spp. molecularly positive biting midges. Out of 1791 specimens collected 1773 were morphologically and molecularly identified as Culicoides paolae and 18 as Culicoides obsoletus complex. Of the 1596 females, 4 (0.26%) parous C. paolae tested positive for D. immitis and D. repens (i.e. 2 Culicoides specimens for each filarial species), of which D. immitis-positive samples fed on both humans and dogs and D. repens-positive samples fed only on humans. The detection of D. immitis and D. repens DNA in Culicoides midges suggests their potential involvement in the epidemiology of the filarial nematodes, which may be of medical and veterinary importance in hyper-endemic areas. Findings of this study shed new light on the epidemiology of Dirofilaria spp. infections indicating that further investigations are needed.
Racism is not just hate speech: Ethnonationalist victimhood in YouTube comments about the Roma during Covid-19
Authors: Breazu Petre , Machin David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch shows that racism and xenophobia soared during the Covid-19 pandemic and this was certainly the case with the Roma in Romania. In this article, using critical discourse analysis, we analyse comments left below a television news clip posted on YouTube early in the crisis. This gives us valuable access to the way racism and xenophobia are linguistically expressed in social media, particularly in this Romanian context. It yields insights into how more overt forms of racism can sit alongside others which are less so, all united by a sense of shared embittered victimhood on behalf of Romanian citizens. We show how this takes place as the affordances of social media allow for a collective expression of frustration and mobilisation, reflecting on how social media may increase exposure to more extreme forms of racism. (Critical discourse analysis, Covid-19, online racism, Roma, social media, white victimhood)
From Court Fools to Stage Puppets: Country Bumpkins in the Skits on CCTV's Spring Festival Gala, 1983–2022
Authors: Wang Hongjian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe satiric skits (xiaopin) on the annual Spring Festival Gala on China Central Television (CCTV) are arguably the most popular performances in the most-watched show on the most-censored television channel in China in the reform era. Through witty satire of emerging social problems, these performances help the audience to relieve anxieties accumulated in a fast-changing society. In particular, country bumpkin characters play a crucial role in providing a platform for the populace and the state to meet, contest, negotiate and compromise. However, they suddenly disappeared after Xi Jinping took power in 2012, which, examined in the context of socialist comedy, signals a new stage of China's post-socialist condition.
A Market Review of Available Airway Suction Technology
Authors: Johnson Sarah A. , Lauby Ryann S. , Hood R. Lyle , De Lorenzo Robert A. , Schauer Steven G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Airway injuries are the second leading cause of potentially survivable battlefield death and often require airway management strategies. Airway suction, the act of using negative pressure in a patient’s upper airway, removes debris that can prevent respiration, decreases possible aspiration risks, and allows clearer viewing of the airway for intubation. The most important characteristics for a portable airway suction device for prehospital combat care are portability, strong suction, and ease of use.Methods:This market review searched academic papers, military publications, Google searches, and Amazon to identify devices. The search included specific characteristics that would increase the likelihood that the devices would be suitable for battlefield use including weight, size, battery life, noise emission, canister size, tubing, and suction power.Results:Sixty portable airway suction devices were resulted, 31 of which met inclusion criteria – 11 manually powered devices and 20 battery-operated devices. One type of manual suction pump was a bag-like design with a squeezable suction pump that was extremely lightweight but had limited suction capabilities (vacuum pressure of 100mmHg). Another type of manual suction pump had a trigger-like design which is pulled back to create suction with a firm collection canister that had increased suction capabilities (vacuum pressures of 188-600mmHg), though still less than the battery operated, and was slightly heavier (0.23-0.458kg). Battery-operated devices had increased suction capabilities and were easier to use, but they were larger and weighed more (1.18-11.0kg).Conclusion:Future research should work to lighten and debulk battery-operated suction devices with high suction performance.
Aggregate effects of firing costs with endogenous firm productivity growth
Authors: Petit Borja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article quantifies the aggregate effects of firing costs in a model of firm dynamics where firm-level productivity is determined by innovation. In the model, the productivity distribution is endogenous, and thus, potentially affected by policy changes, allowing the model to capture both the static (allocative efficiency) and dynamic effects (changes in the distribution of firms’ productivity) of firing costs. The model is calibrated to match key features of firms’ hiring and firing behavior using firm-level data from Spanish nonfinancial firms. I show that firing costs equivalent to 2.5 monthly wages produce a 4% loss in aggregate productivity relative to the frictionless economy. The aggregate productivity losses rise to more than 10% when firing costs are equivalent to 1 year’s wage. I show that a model with a standard AR(1) productivity process can only generate between 45 and 50% of these losses. Overall, the results suggest that ignoring the effects of frictions on the dynamics of firms’ productivity can substantially underestimate their effects.
What works to improve school lunch nutritional quality – legislation or self-audit?
Authors: Patterson Emma , Andersson Filip , Elinder Liselotte Schäfer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:Sweden updated its legislation on universal free school meals in 2011 and nutrition was explicitly mentioned. The current study (i) describes cross-sectional changes in school lunch nutritional quality during the following eight years and (ii) examines if repeated self-auditing, using a fully automated, online tool (School Food Sweden), based on the implementation strategy of audit and feedback, was associated with improvements.Design:Both repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal design. Factors associated with meeting nutritional criteria were examined using variance weighted least squares regression and logistic regression.Setting:Sweden.Participants:Primary schools who self-selected to audit meal quality between March 2012 and July 2019.Results:Almost half of all (ca 4800) primary schools signed up to use the tool and 1500 audited nutritional quality at least once. Repeated cross-sectional analyses showed the proportion meeting the nutritional criteria increased significantly between 2012/13 (11 %) and 2018/19 (34 %). Longitudinally, each additional audit completed increased the odds of meeting the nutritional criteria by 1·30 (CI 1·20, 1·41), controlling for region and time elapsed since the legislative change. In 774 schools with repeat audits, both number of audits and frequency of accessing feedback predicted meeting the nutritional criteria (OR 2·02, CI 1·23, 3·31), even after adjusting for time since the legislative change and days elapsed since previous audit.Conclusions:Both legislation and self-audit with automatic feedback appear effective in helping schools to improve school meal quality. Self-audit with feedback may be an effective complement to legislation, or a promising alternative in settings where regulation is not an option.
What makes interventions aimed at improving dietary behaviours successful in the secondary school environment? A systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Capper TE , Brennan SF , Woodside JV , McKinley MC 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:To systematically review evidence from systematic reviews of interventions to improve dietary behaviours and reduce food wastage in secondary school pupils.Design:CINAHL, Cochrane Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Web of Science were searched for systematic reviews of school-based dietary interventions from 2000 to 2020 published in a peer-reviewed journal in English. Articles were reviewed independently by two authors. AMSTAR-2 was used for quality assessment.Setting:Secondary school dietary interventions.Participants:Adolescents (aged 11–18).Results:In total, thirteen systematic reviews of dietary interventions in secondary schools met the inclusion criteria. A number of key characteristics of interventions that contributed to improvements in food choices in secondary school pupils were identified. These included the combination of education and environmental restructuring, incorporation of computer-based feedback, media or messaging, peer and/or parent involvement, an increase in the availability of healthy foods and the use of behavioural theory as a basis to the intervention. Intervention components that contributed specifically to a reduction in sugar-sweetened beverage intake or an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption, which are particularly relevant to adolescents, could not be determined. Similarly, evidence for interventions that improve nutritional knowledge and attitudes was limited.Conclusions:This systematic review of systematic reviews has identified a number of components of dietary interventions that can be explored to improve dietary behaviours in secondary school environments and, if demonstrated to be effective, be considered for inclusion in policies and strategies to improve the school food environment and promote dietary change.
Acceptability and experience of a personalised proteomic risk intervention for type 2 diabetes in primary care: qualitative interview study with patients and healthcare providers
Authors: Honey Stephanie , Neal Richard D. , Messenger Michael , Smith Samuel G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim:
We explored the acceptability of a personalised proteomic risk intervention for patients at increased risk of type 2 diabetes and their healthcare providers, as well as their experience of participating in the delivery of proteomic-based risk feedback in UK primary care.

Background:
Advances in proteomics now allow the provision of personalised proteomic risk reports, with the intention of achieving positive behaviour change. This technology has the potential to encourage behaviour change in people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
A semi-structured interview study was carried out with patients at risk of type 2 diabetes and their healthcare providers in primary care in the North of England. Participants (n = 17) and healthcare provider (n = 4) were interviewed either face to face or via telephone. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. This qualitative study was nested within a single-arm pilot trial and undertaken in primary care.

Findings:
The personalised proteomic risk intervention was generally acceptable and the experience was positive. The personalised nature of the report was welcomed, especially the way it provided a holistic approach to risks of organ damage and lifestyle factors. Insights were provided as to how this may change behaviour. Some participants reported difficulties in understanding the format of the presentation of risk and expressed surprise at receiving risk estimates for conditions other than type 2 diabetes. Personalised proteomic risk interventions have the potential to provide holistic and comprehensive assessments of risk factors and lifestyle factors which may lead to positive behaviour change.
Compact ultra-wideband pattern diversity antenna for body-centric communications
Authors: Kanagasabai Malathi , Sambandam Padmathilagam , Gulam Nabi Alsath Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a pattern diversity UWB antenna for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) communications. Pattern diversity antenna comprises two antenna elements with directional and omnidirectional patterns suitable for off-body and on-body communications respectively. Several broad-banding techniques such as Co-Planar waveguide, parasitic patches, and cavity resonant techniques are incorporated in microstrip antenna to achieve an ultra-wideband of 7.5 GHz (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) with a directional pattern. Monopole radiator topology is utilized to achieve a UWB frequency range of 2.6–10.6 GHz with an omnidirectional pattern. Pattern diversity is achieved using an orthogonal arrangement of the antenna elements in a compact size of 40 mm × 34 mm, maintaining the isolation >20 dB between the antennas. Gain varies from 2.2 to 4.6 dBi and 2.5 to 7.5 dBi for omnidirectional and directional antenna respectively. The simulated radiation efficiency for the directional antenna and the omnidirectional antenna are 74–86% and 52–66.5% respectively. The proposed design provides a good diversity performance in the entire UWB bandwidth with ECC<0.1 and a diversity gain of approximately 10 dB. SAR impact evaluated under various conditions is found to be <1.6 W/Kg for 1 gram of tissue.
First Results From the SCM Search‐Coil Magnetometer on Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Dudok de Wit T. , Krasnoselskikh V. V. , Agapitov O. , Froment C. , Larosa A. , Bale S. D. , Bowen T. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. , Jannet G. , Kretzschmar M. , MacDowall R. J. , Malaspina D. , Martin P. , Page B. , Pulupa M. , Revillet C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParker Solar Probe is the first mission to probe in situ the innermost heliosphere, revealing an exceptionally dynamic and structured outer solar corona. Its payload includes a search‐coil magnetometer (SCM) that measures up to three components of the fluctuating magnetic field between 3 Hz and 1 MHz. After more than 3 years of operation, the SCM has revealed a multitude of different wave phenomena in the solar wind. Here we present an overview of some of the discoveries made so far. These include oblique and sunward propagating whistler waves that are important for their interaction with energetic electrons, the first observation of the magnetic signature associated with escaping electrons during dust impacts, the first observation of the magnetic field component for slow extraordinary wave modes during type III radio burst events, and more. This study focuses on the major observations to date, including a description of the instrument and lessons learned.
Magnetosheath Jet Occurrence Rate in Relation to CMEs and SIRs
Authors: Koller Florian , Temmer Manuela , Preisser Luis , Plaschke Ferdinand , Geyer Paul , Jian Lan K. , Roberts Owen W. , Hietala Heli , LaMoury Adrian T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetosheath jets constitute a significant coupling effect between the solar wind (SW) and the magnetosphere of the Earth. In order to investigate the effects and forecasting of these jets, we present the first‐ever statistical study of the jet production during large‐scale SW structures like coronal mass ejections (CMEs), stream interaction regions (SIRs) and high speed streams (HSSs). Magnetosheath data from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft between January 2008 and December 2020 serve as measurement source for jet detection. Two different jet definitions were used to rule out statistical biases induced by our jet detection method. For the CME and SIR + HSS lists, we used lists provided by literature and expanded on incomplete lists using OMNI data to cover the time range of May 1996 to December 2020. We find that the number and total time of observed jets decrease when CME‐sheaths hit the Earth. The number of jets is lower throughout the passing of the CME‐magnetic ejecta (ME) and recovers quickly afterward. On the other hand, the number of jets increases during SIR and HSS phases. We discuss a few possibilities to explain these statistical results.
Transport Processes of Seafloor Sediment From the Chukchi Shelf to the Western Arctic Basin
Authors: Watanabe Eiji , Onodera Jonaotaro , Itoh Motoyo , Mizobata Kohei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe processes of seafloor sediment transport from the Chukchi shelf to the western Arctic basin were investigated using a pan‐Arctic sea ice‐ocean model and sediment‐trap measurements at four mooring stations: North of Barrow Canyon, North of Hanna Canyon, Northwind Abyssal Plain, and Chukchi Abyssal Plain. The available sediment‐trap data verified that the sinking flux of lithogenic material (LM) originally resuspended from the seafloor for 2010–2020 was simulated reasonably well in the four mooring areas. The model results were analyzed to quantify the spatiotemporal variability of LM and to reveal its background mechanisms. Analysis indicated that the Barrow Canyon throughflow, Chukchi Slope Current (CSC), and mesoscale eddies played important roles in LM redistribution. The CSC controlled the westward transport of LM from the mouth of Barrow Canyon to the Chukchi Borderland. The mesoscale eddies generated north of Barrow Canyon efficiently transported shelf‐origin LM toward the southern Canada Basin. The sinking flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) averaged from September 2010 to August 2020, which was estimated statistically from the simulated LM flux, was 0.13–0.30 gC m−2 yr−1 at 200‐m depth in the southern Canada Basin. This finding reveals that lateral transport of sediment from the Chukchi shelf bottom has a considerable effect on the sinking flux of POC in the western Arctic basin, and suggests that the western Arctic marine biogeochemical cycle is strongly influenced by shelf‐basin exchange that depends on the relative strength of the CSC and mesoscale eddy activity.