bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the South-East Madagascar Bloom on the oceanic CO2 sink
Authors: Metzl Nicolas , Lo Monaco Claire , Leseurre Coraline , Ridame Céline , Fin Jonathan , Mignon Claude , Gehlen Marion , Chau Thi Tuyet Trang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We described new sea surface CO2 observations in the south-western
Indian Ocean obtained in January 2020 when a strong bloom event occurred
south-east of Madagascar and extended eastward in the oligotrophic Indian
Ocean subtropical domain. Compared to previous years (1991–2019) we observed
very low fCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations (CT)
in austral summer 2020, indicative of a biologically driven process. In the
bloom, the anomaly of fCO2 and CT reached respectively −33 µatm and −42 µmol kg−1, whereas no change is observed for
alkalinity (AT). In January 2020 we estimated a local maximum of
air–sea CO2 flux at 27∘ S of −6.9 mmol m−2 d−1 (ocean sink) and −4.3 mmol m−2 d−1 when averaging the flux in the
band 26–30∘ S. In the domain 25–30∘ S, 50–60∘ E
we estimated that the bloom led to a regional carbon uptake of about −1 TgC per month in January 2020, whereas this region was previously
recognized as an ocean CO2 source or near equilibrium during this
season. Using a neural network approach that reconstructs the monthly
fCO2 fields, we estimated that when the bloom was at peak in December
2019 the CO2 sink reached −3.1 (±1.0) mmol m−2 d−1 in
the band 25–30∘ S; i.e. the model captured the impact of the
bloom. Integrated in the domain restricted to 25–30∘ S, 50–60∘ E, the region was a CO2 sink in December 2019 of −0.8 TgC per month compared to a CO2 source of +0.12 (±0.10) TgC per month in December when averaged over the period 1996–2018.
Consequently in 2019 this region was a stronger CO2 annual sink of −8.8 TgC yr−1 compared to −7.0 (±0.5) TgC yr−1 averaged over
1996–2018. In austral summer 2019–2020, the bloom was likely controlled by
a relatively deep mixed-layer depth during the preceding winter (July–September
2019) that would supply macro- and/or micro-nutrients such as iron to the surface
layer to promote the bloom that started in November 2019 in two large rings
in the Madagascar Basin. Based on measurements in January 2020, we observed
relatively high N2 fixation rates (up to 18 nmol N L−1 d−1),
suggesting that diazotrophs could play a role in the bloom in the nutrient-depleted waters. The bloom event in austral summer 2020, along with the new
carbonate system observations, represents a benchmark case for complex
biogeochemical model sensitivity studies (including the N2 fixation process
and iron supplies) for a better understanding of the origin and termination
of this still “mysterious” sporadic bloom and its impact on ocean carbon
uptake in the future.
META3.1exp: a new global mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas derived from altimetry
Authors: Pegliasco Cori , Delepoulle Antoine , Mason Evan , Morrow Rosemary , Faugère Yannice , Dibarboure Gérald 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This paper presents the new global Mesoscale Eddy Trajectory Atlases (META3.1exp DT all-satellites, https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2021.001,
Pegliasco et al., 2021a; and META3.1exp DT two-satellites, https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2021.002, Pegliasco et al., 2021b), composed of eddy identifications and trajectories produced with altimetric maps. The detection method used is inherited from the py-eddy-tracker (PET) algorithm developed by Mason et al. (2014), and is optimized to efficiently manage large datasets, and thus long time series. These products are an improvement on the earlier META2.0 product, which was produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO+ (https://aviso.altimetry.fr, last access: 8 March 2022) with support from CNES, in collaboration with Oregon State University and support from NASA, and based on the Chelton et al. (2011) code. META3.1exp provides supplementary eddy information, such as eddy shapes, eddy edges, maximum speed contours, and mean eddy speed profiles from the center to the periphery. The tracking algorithm is based on overlapping contours, includes virtual observations, and acts as a filter with respect to the shortest trajectories. The absolute dynamic topography (ADT) field is now used for eddy detection, instead of the previous sea level anomaly (SLA) maps, in order to better represent the dynamics in the more energetic oceanic regions and in the vicinity of coasts and islands. To evaluate the impact of the changes from META2.0 to META3.1exp, a comparison methodology has been applied. The similarity coefficient (SC) is based on the ratio of the eddy overlaps to their cumulative area, and allows for extensive comparison of the different datasets in terms of geographic distribution, statistics on the main physical characteristics, changes in the lifetimes of the trajectories, etc. After evaluating the impact of each change separately, we conclude that the major differences between META3.1exp and META2.0 are due to the change in the detection algorithm. META3.1exp contains smaller eddies and trajectories lasting at least 10 d; these were not available in the META2.0 product. Nevertheless, 55 % of the structures in META2.0 are similar to META3.1exp, thereby ensuring continuity between the two products and their physical characteristics. Geographically, the eddy distributions differ mainly in the strong current regions, where the mean dynamic topography (MDT) gradients are sharp. The additional information on the eddy contours allows for more accurate collocation of mesoscale structures with data from other sources, and so META3.1exp is recommended for multi-disciplinary application.
Development and Evaluation of a Research Methods Course in Protocol Writing for Learners in a Master of Public Health Program
Authors: Anderson Laura , Neil-Sztramko Sarah E , Alvarez Elizabeth , Jack Susan M , Thabane Lehana , Scott Fran , Apatu Emma 
Published: March 2022

Training in research methods is important for improvement of healthcare delivery and population outcomes. Graduate programs of public health play a critical role in offering such education to current and future healthcare professionals as well as entry level learners with no experience in the field. A key skill across all fields of research methods and public health practice is protocol writing. It is unknown if teaching students research methods through protocol writing is a successful strategy and whether students find it to be helpful as they pursue health professions. The objective of this study was to describe the design and evaluation of a research methods course focused on protocol writing among students enrolled a Masters of Public Health Program. A case report design including description of course content, method of evaluation, and course delivery are provided. The setting was the Population and Public Health Research Methods course at a publicly funded institution in Canada. The first three cohorts of students (2016-2018) enrolled in the course were evaluated during the course period and six months after completing the course. A total of 51 students completed the survey, and the majority were students were very or extremely satisfied with the course. Overall students expressed that the course well-prepared them for their practicum or thesis work and post-graduation plans. Findings suggest that using protocol writing as a tool for teaching research methods was well-received by students and prepared them for both their potential career paths and for future research.
Does Self-directed Learning Readiness Predict Undergraduate Students’ Instructional Preferences?
Authors: Justus Brandon J. , Rusticus Shayna A. , Stobbe Brittney L. P. 
Published: March 2022

Self-directed learning is a process by which students take the lead, with or without the help of others, in determining their learning needs and managing their learning strategies and outcomes. Relatedly, self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) looks at the attitudes, abilities, and personality characteristics necessary for self-directed learning. In study one, we shortened, and slightly modified, the SDLR scale (Fisher et al., 2001) to make it more applicable for broader use among undergraduate university students and to examine its factor structure and reliability. In a sample of 194 students, the three-factor structure of this scale (self-management, desire to learn, and self-control) was confirmed with acceptable reliability. In study two, we examined whether the modified SDLR subscales predicted a preference for a teacher-directed or student-directed class format in a sample of 256 undergraduate students. We conducted a series of four multiple linear regressions to examine whether the three dimensions of SDLR were predictive of four classroom preference styles (knowledge construction, teacher direction, cooperative learning, and passive learning). While three of these analyses were statistically significant with small to medium-effect sizes, the results minimally supported our hypotheses. We discuss whether these results indicate a lack of relationship between SDLR and teaching style or whether these results may be characteristic of the sample.
PENGARUH MEREK, HARGA, FITUR PRODUK DAN GAYA HIDUP TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SMARTPHONE XIOMI DI TOKO CENDANA CELL BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Setijadi Setijadi , Wijaya Wisnu Satria Kencana 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine how much the brand, price, product features, and lifestyle variables affect the Xioami smartphone purchase decision at Cendana Cell Banjarnegara. The data used in this research were obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires to 154 respondents who used Xioami smartphone users in Cendana Cell Banjarnegara using the Non Probability Sampling method. The research data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, the equation model was processed using SPSS for windows version 2.4. The results of this study are that the brand variable has no significant and negative relationship, followed by the price variable which has no significant effect and has a negative relationship. Meanwhile, product features and lifestyle have a significant and positive effect. Together, brand and price variables do not have a significant effect and are negatively related. Meanwhile, product features and lifestyle influence the decision to purchase Xioami smartphone at Cendana Cell in Banjarnegara.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. KIMIA FARMA TBK DENGAN PT. INDOFARMA TBK SEBELUM PANDEMI DAN PADA SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Kurniati Eling Ri , Nugroho Tryan Adhi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the economic sector which has resulted in companies experiencing a decline in financial performance. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the financial performance of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. and PT. Indofarma Tbk. before the pandemic and during the covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is quantitative research with secondary data analysis and uses a comparative approach method. Sampling with purposive sampling method. Data collection techniques used are documentation techniques on financial reports published by PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. and PT. Indofarma Tbk. obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), namely www.idx.co.id. Then processed using the SPSS Version 16.0 application and the test used in this study is a comparative test, namely the Wilcoxon Sign Test. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. based on liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios and profitability ratios. As for PT. Indofarma Tbk. also the same, there are significant differences based on liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios and profitability ratios. PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. has a better performance than PT. Indofarma Tbk. before the pandemic or during the pandemic.
Keywords: Financial Performance, Pharmaceutical Companies, Covid-19
Pengaruh Media Sosial, Aksebilitas, Fasilitas, Event Pariwisata, dan Daya Tarik Wisata Terhadap Minat Kunjung Wisatawan di Desa Wisata Pagak, Banjarnegara
Authors: Lustono Lustono , Permatasari Kartika Dewi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Tourism villages in Indonesia are currently experiencing fairly rapid development. Data from the BPS recorded that there were 1302 tourist villages in 2014, and this number increased to 1734 tourist villages in 2018. The Village Fund is basically to improve people's welfare, by 1) creating jobs, 2) overcoming inequality, and 3) alleviating poverty. In its use, the Village Fund is the authority of the Village, is participatory and through self-management based on village resources is utilized in accordance with the village typology. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of social media, accessibility, facilities, tourism events, and tourist attractions on the interest of tourists visiting Pagak Tourism Village, Banjarnegara. The type of research in this study is to collect data using a questionnaire. The population used in this study were visitors who came to Pagak Tourism Village, Banjarnegara, using a sample of 100 respondents in this study. The sampling method in this study used a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method. The results of the research show that Social Media, Accessibility, Facilities, Tourism Events, and Tourist Attractions have a positive effect on Tourist Visiting Interest in Pagak Tourism Village, Banjarnegara.

Keywords: Social Media, Accessibility, Facilities, Tourism Events, Tourist Attractions, Tourists' Visiting Interest
Decay rate of recovery phase of Geomagnetic Storms And dissipation of associated Ring Currents
Authors: YACOB A. 
Published: March 2022

Decay rates of the recovery phases of some 130 geomagnetic storms recorded at Alibag during the period 1924 to 1959, classified as great, are investigated with a view to ascertain (1) the precise relation between amplitude of depression of the main phase and the rate of decay of the recovery, phase of storm, (2) the possibility of more than one ring current being associated with each storm and (3) the solar-cycle variation in the decay rate of the recovery phase.

Decay times are determined for the first 36 hours of the recovery phase by fitting an exponential curve and finding the time constant for the amplitude of the fitted curve to decay to l/e of the initial amplitude. As a second method, free-hand smooth curves are drawn best fitting the 36-hourly depressions and picking up the time for the initial amplitudes, given by the fitted curve, to decay to 1/2 its initial value. The recovery phase appears to have two distinct portions, an initial portion of less than 12 hours with a rapid decay rate and a later portion with a slower decay rate, suggesting the possibility of two ring currents being associated with each storm. Decay rates for the two portions of the recovery phase are separately investigated by the method of free-hand smooth curves.

The generally known characteristic that decay rates are faster for the larger intensity storms is seen, but considerable scatter in decay rates is observed for any storm-intensity group. The scatter is less for decay rates of the initial portion 01 the recovery phase. There is a clear tendency, especially for storms of more than 200y (main-phase depression, for decay rates to be faster for the solar minimum epoch than for the maximum epoch. But the relative rates are far from the factor 3 expected by Dessler et al. This factor is, however, approached if extreme values of recovery rates of the initial portion of the recovery phase only are considered. For the later portions of the recovery phase no significant differences in decay rates are observed for the two solar epochs. Currents of the order of 101 amperes are associated with the inner ring current, which is considered large enough to produce shielding effects on the outer ring current field. The main phase depression appears, therefore, to be largely the effect of the inner ring current, especially for the large intensity storms.
A note on phenological observations in India
Authors: GOVINDASWAMY T. S. , RAJA P. K. E. 
Published: March 2022

The phenological organization and observational programme in India are described in the paper. Phenological data pertaining to mango and neem are discussed, Both the trees flower during winter and the flowering commences not from the extreme tip of the peninsula as might be expected but round about latitude 15°N, mango starting on the east coast and neem on the west coast. In both trees it takes about 10 weeks for the flowering to reach the foot of the Himalayas, broadly in conformity with Hopkins' 'Bioclimatic Law'. The practical uses of the study of phenology and the need to expand the phenological programme are pointed out.
An Electronic Thermometer for remote-indicating applications
Authors: SUBRAMANIAN D. V. 
Published: March 2022

An electronic thermometer designed by the author for remote indicating application meteorology uses p-n-p germanium junction transistor as the sensor element and a D.C. voltmeter Calibrated terms of temperature as the indicator. The principle of its operation, scope and imitations are described in this paper. A wet and dry-bulb thermometer system consisting of two transistor sensors is also described.
A refrigeration system for the temperature calibration
Authors: HUDDAR B. B. , JADHAV B. G. 
Published: March 2022

The paper describes a deep freeze. refrigeration system constructed by the authors in the Instruments Division of the Meteorological Office at Poona, and used for the temperature calibration of radiosondes The refrigeration system using Freon 22 and Freon 13 in a cascade operation cools four calibration chambers to, -70 °C in about 1 hr 30 min.
Microendoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Disc Herniations: An Analysis of Short and Long Term Patient Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Lightsey Harry M. , Lindsey Matthew H. , Xiong Grace X. , Crawford Alexander M. , Uzosike Akachimere , Ahn Junyoung , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Simpson Andrew K. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Endoscopic spine surgery is increasingly being used, and techniques, platforms, and applications are rapidly evolving. Despite substantial enthusiasm surrounding these techniques, there is a dearth of longer term patient-reported clinical outcomes. Within the United States in particular, there are yet to be reported large cohort studies with a notable follow-up. We sought to characterize the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing microendoscopic decompression (MED) for lumbar disk herniations.

Methods:
The records of patients with symptomatic lumbar disk herniations who underwent MED from May 2018 to February 2021 within a single practice were reviewed. Paired outcomes scores were evaluated using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System parameters. Basic perioperative data including length of stay, estimated blood loss, mean opioid use, complication rate, and rate of revision were tabulated. Paired sample Student t-tests and paired Wilcoxon sign tests were used to compare normally distributed and nonparametric data, respectively.

Results:
Thirty-five patients with complete paired patient-reported outcome measures data and a minimum 6-month follow-up were included; 65.7% of the patients were male with a mean age of 47.1 years (SE 1.8). The mean follow-up was 590.6 days (SE 47.7). In total, 34 of the 35 patients (97.1%) were discharged on the day of their procedure. The estimated blood loss was <25 mL for each procedure. The mean opioid use after extubation and before discharge was 10.4 morphine milligram equivalents. At the 2-week follow-up, there were notable improvements in pain metrics and global health components. At the final follow-up, nearly all parameters showed notable improvement that exceeded minimally clinical important difference values. For most parameters, preoperative values outside of the “normal” range were within normal limits on postoperative testing.

Discussion:
MED resulted in sustained notable improvement in patient-reported outcome measures that exceeded minimally clinical important difference values at the average follow-up approximating 2 years. These findings substantiate the utility of this technique and additional investment in endoscopic spine technology.

Data Availability:
Not publicly available; available upon request
Indolent Infection After Lumbar Interbody Fusion: An Under-recognized Cause of Pseudarthrosis, Which Can Be Successfully Treated With Anterior Revision Fusion
Authors: Zhang Andrew S , Berns Ellis M. , Hartnett Davis A. , Kuris Eren O. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Bacterial infection is a common etiology for pseudarthrosis after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, although it is often difficult to identify because of a delayed presentation and normal laboratory values. The primary goal of this study was to present a series of cases demonstrating patients with infection-related pseudarthrosis successfully managed with anterior revision.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients presenting to a single academic spine center who were found to have evidence of Cutibacterium acnes or coagulase-negative Staphylococcus infection on routine culturing of lumbar interbody fusion revisions from July 2019 to January 2021. All patients underwent salvage of a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion pseudarthrosis through an anterior lumbar approach.

Results:
A total of six patients managed for pseudarthrosis secondary to suspected infection were eligible for this study (mean age 64.8 years, range 54-70 years; mean body mass index, range 24.5-39.1). Persistent radiculopathy was the primary presenting symptom in all patients with a mean time to revision of 17 months. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the primary pathogen, identified from intraoperative samples in 50% of the cases. All patients demonstrated a resolution of symptoms after placement of an anterior lumbar interbody cage, without intraoperative complications, and a subsequent antibiotic regimen.

Discussion:
Indolent infection is an under-recognized cause of pseudarthrosis of the lumbar spine. Revision surgery through an anterior lumbar approach, which promotes ease of cage removal and optimized alignment and surface area available for revision fusion, is sufficient to manage pseudarthrosis due to infection.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN PROMOSI JABATAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN HOTEL ORIA JAKARTA PUSAT
Authors: Ari Wibisono Kurniawan , Supriono Sugeng , Eviana Sari Agusti 
Published: March 2022

Pengaruh Sistem Kompetensi dan Promosi Jabatan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan merupakan kajian yang penting dilakukan karena Kompetensi dan promosi jabatan akan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Diharapkan apabila Kompetensi dan promosi jabatan berjalan dengan baik maka kinerja karyawan akan baik untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Promosi Jabatan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Survei dilakukan kepada Karyawan Hotel Oria Jakarta Pusat). Lokasi penelitian berada di DKI Jakarta. Teknik Pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling, yaitu menjadikan seluruh responden dari populasi. Jumlah sampel adalah 97 responden. Kuesioner merupakan instrumen utama untuk mengumpulkan data primer. Analisis penelitian menggunakan SPSS. Temuan penelitian ini adalah Kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan, Promosi Jabatan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dan juga Kompetensi dan Promosi Jabatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Untuk meningkatkan Kinerja karyawan pada Hotel Oria Jakarta Pusat, maka Perusahaan sebaiknya lebih meningkatkan Kompetensi Dan Promosi Jabatan terhadap karyawannya sehingga kinerja karyawan meningkat. Mengingat Kompetensi dan Promosi Jabatan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.