bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting genetic population structures in acorn weevils (Curculio spp.) in expanding forests: The effects of differences in resource‐tracking strategies
Authors: Ruiz‐Carbayo Helena , Espelta Josep Maria , Pino Joan , Hampe Arndt , Bonal Raul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Woody vegetation spread over former croplands in Europe has created new unexploited habitats for forest organisms. Their ability to colonise them and thrive depends on life‐history traits including fecundity, dormancy and dispersal ability.
The effects of these traits on species distribution, abundance and community assembly have been extensively studied in fragmented landscapes. However, their consequences for genetic diversity and connectivity in local populations remain largely unknown.
We investigated the genetic population structure and diversity of Curculio elephas and Curculio glandium (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), two sympatric acorn weevils with contrasting life‐history strategies, in a landscape with mature oak stands and plots of new expanding forests.
Using a fragment of a mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and nuclear DNA (80 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]), we found that gene flow between populations was significantly weaker in the poor disperser C. elephas, especially in isolated new forests. However, genetic neutrality tests did show population expansion in C. elephas, which suffers frequent population bottlenecks (probably linked to extended dormancy) and is a poor coloniser of isolated new forests. However, its greater fecundity allows it to recovery quickly if the number of reproductive individuals falls. Its populations are thus larger but genetically less diverse than those of C. glandium
Within foraging guilds, the most fecund species will outcompete the others under a context of constrained dispersal. Hence, new landscapes of expanding forests represent a good opportunity for more mobile but less fecund species to colonise new habitats and so be temporarily released from competition.
A comparison of different Malaise trap types
Authors: Uhler Johannes , Haase Peter , Hoffmann Lara , Hothorn Torsten , Schmidl Jürgen , Stoll Stefan , Welti Ellen A. R. , Buse Jörn , Müller Jörg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent reports on insect decline have highlighted the need for long‐term data on insect communities towards identifying their trends and drivers.
With the launch of many new insect monitoring schemes to investigate insect communities over large spatial and temporal scales, Malaise traps have become one of the most important tools due to the broad spectrum of species collected and reduced capture bias through passive sampling of insects day and night. However, Malaise traps can vary in size, shape, and colour, and it is unknown how these differences affect biomass, species richness, and composition of trap catch, making it difficult to compare results between studies.
We compared five Malaise trap types (three variations of the Townes and two variations of the Bartak Malaise trap) to determine their effects on biomass and species richness as identified by metabarcoding.
Insect biomass varied by 20%–55%, not strictly following trap size but varying with trap type. Total species richness was 20%–38% higher in the three Townes trap models compared to the Bartak traps. Bartak traps captured lower richness of highly mobile taxa but increased richness of ground‐dwelling taxa. The white roofed Townes trap captured a higher richness of pollinators.
We find that biomass, total richness, and taxa group specific richness are all sensitive to Malaise trap type. Trap type should be carefully considered and aligned to match monitoring and research questions. Additionally, our estimates of trap type effects can be used to adjust results to facilitate comparisons across studies.
Case complexity of root canal treatments accepted for training in a secondary care setting assessed by three complexity grading systems: A service evaluation
Authors: Long Ruby , Dutta Arindam , Thomas Matthew B. M. , Vianna Morgana Eli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the complexity of root canal treatments accepted for treatment by postgraduate training grades at Cardiff University Dental Hospital (CUDH) using the English Commissioning Standard for Restorative Dentistry (ECS) in comparison with the American Association of Endodontists case complexity form (AAE) and the Restorative Index of Treatment Need (RIOTN).MethodologyTwo hundred case records were evaluated using the AAE, RIOTN and ECS scoring systems. Each case received a score from minimal to high complexity (1–3). Examiners were calibrated and inter‐examiner reliability calculated using the percentage agreement. Frequency of scores were then compared.ResultsMost cases were at level 3 and assessment varied amongst the criteria used (AAE: 99.5%, RIOTN: 65.5% and ECS: 55.5%). The AAE factor ‘endodontic treatment history’ was largely responsible for differing scores when compared with the RIOTN (78%) and ECS (64%). The RIOTN factor regarding post treatment disease (‘endodontic retreatment’) was responsible for increased complexity compared with ECS in most cases (74%). The ECS factor ‘quality of root filling’ was the most common reason (85%) for an increase in complexity compared with RIOTN.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this service evaluation, it was possible to conclude that a high proportion of cases treated by training grades at CUDH were of a high complexity level (level 3) using the three guidelines (ECS, AAE and RIOTN). These cases were appropriate for postgraduate training under various levels of supervision and substantiated by the findings reported here. The factors responsible for a large part of difference in allocation of scores amongst the systems were ‘endodontic treatment history’, ‘root canal retreatment’ and ‘quality of root filling’.
Effect of high pressure in barium disilicate glass investigated by DTA and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Evaristo Leonardo , Silveira Rafael , Tissot Matheus , Hippler Gisele , Moulton Benjamin , Buchner Silvio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work aimed to explore the effect of high pressures at room temperature on the vibrational modes and the thermal properties and stability of barium disilicate glass (BaO‐2SiO2) (BS2). The BS2 was prepared through the conventional melting route at atmospheric pressure. After being submitted to different pressure values (2.5 GPa, 4.0 GPa, and 7.7 GPa) and room temperature, the samples were characterized ex situ by Raman spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. With this, it is possible to see that the pressure modifies the Raman vibrational modes of the glass, in the region associated with the Si‐O‐Si symmetrical bending modes. The Si‐O symmetrical stretching vibrational modes (Qn) remain unchanged, however there are changes on values of glass transition and decrease crystallization temperature, as well as the parameters of thermal stability of the glass.
Factors associated with eHealth use among community dwelling older adults
Authors: Choi MoonKi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the proliferation of the internet and the development of internet‐based healthcare interventions, eHealth is expected to be an effective complement to traditional healthcare services. However, without understanding the characteristics of the user population, eHealth itself can isolate older adults.AimThis study aims to identify the characteristics of internet use and the factors associated with eHealth use among older adults.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted from a cross‐sectional descriptive study. A convenience sample of 186 community dwelling older adults was recruited at two senior welfare centres in Korea. The data collected included demographic characteristics, health related characteristics, internet use, eHealth use and eHealth literacy. Multiple linear regression was utilized to determine factors related to eHealth use.ResultsAmong 186 respondents, 98 reported that they used the internet. Internet usage was associated with educational attainment, marital status, cognitive function and possession of internet‐enabled devices. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that greater eHealth usage was related to more positive perception of eHealth usability and better eHealth literacy among older adults.ConclusionEducational programmes for older adults should be developed to facilitate digital capability and eHealth literacy. Useful and effective online health resources that are easy to use should be also developed.
Insulin antibodies are prevalent in adults with type 1 diabetes referred for islet cell transplantation and are modified by islet transplantation and immunosuppression: an Australian experience
Authors: Hensman Callum J. , Gooley Judith L. , Januszewski Andrzej S. , Lee Melissa H. , MacIsaac Richard J. , Boston Raymond C. ,   Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, Ward Glenn M. , Jenkins Alicia J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe have analysed insulin antibodies in 149 adults with type 1 diabetes and 2859 people without diabetes. We have determined that insulin antibody levels are higher in adults with, versus without, diabetes and that the levels are falling, and more patients are becoming antibody‐negative post islet cell transplantation.
Locally acquired lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections in South‐East Queensland: an outbreak of a pathogen rarely described in Australia
Authors: Aaron Luke , McMahon Jamie , Taylor Carmel , Pyke Alyssa T. , Brischetto Anna , Aminzadeh Zohreh , Beale Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a zoonotic virus that can cause clinically significant illnesses in humans. Although cases of LCMV infection are well described globally, and there is evidence that the virus is present in Australian rodent populations, there has been only one case of domestically acquired LCMV infection published previously. Here, we describe a cluster of LCMV infections in South‐East Queensland identified in early 2021, and the diagnostic testing processes implemented. This identifies LCMV as an under‐recognised human pathogen in Australia.
Historical gold mining infectious disease epidemics
Authors: Shanks G. Dennis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLethal infectious disease epidemics have historically occurred in military, refugee and mining camps where crowded conditions promote the spread of enteric, respiratory and insect‐borne infections. The early history of gold mines around Palmer River, Queensland in the 1870s, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia in the 1890s and Papua on the island of New Guinea in the 1910s are recounted specifically as it relates to infectious disease deaths. Despite large diagnostic gaps, it is likely that malaria was the predominant problem in Palmer River, typhoid in Kalgoorlie and bacillary dysentery in Papua. Nearly two‐thirds of all recorded deaths in the Palmer River district from 1873 to 1883 were due to infections, predominately ‘fevers’. Typhoid fever likely killed >2000 Australians in the early phases of the Western Australian goldfields in the 1890s. Severe dysentery outbreaks killed up to a majority of the local workforce in the Lakekema goldfields of Papua resulting in the colonial authorities stopping mining activity in the second decade of the 20th century. In the absence of public health measures and specific chemotherapy, large mortality rates in miners reflected the over‐riding economic drivers of gold miners and their lack of any understanding of microbial disease and its interruption by public health measures. Similar infectious disease epidemics are likely to reoccur when large numbers of impoverished miners use low‐technology methods to work alluvial gold deposits in conflict areas as has been seen in modern Africa.
Influence of radiologic pattern and the presence of diffuse parenchymal lung disease on outcome in ventilated patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia: impact on prognosis
Authors: Tonietto Tiago A. , Lincho Carla S. , Marques Leonardo d. S. , Elsing Janaina , da Silveira Fernando , Fendt Lucia C. C. , Montes Tiago H. M. , dos Passos Matheus G. , Vargas Taiani , Marin Luiz G. , Nedel Wagner L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuspected organising pneumonia (OP) is a common finding in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), but the impact on outcomes of the radiological patterns of diffuse parenchymal lung disease on outcome of these patients is still uncertain.AimsInvestigate the presence of radiological images compatible with OP and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).MethodsRetrospective, unicentric cohort study composed of patients who required IMV and underwent chest computerized tomography to investigate secondary complications of COVID‐19. We compared patients with radiological findings characteristic of suspected OP with those without this condition. The main outcome was hospital mortality.ResultsTwo hundred and ten patients were included, and 65 had signals compatible with OP. All patients with suspected OP were treated with corticosteroids. There was no difference in IVM‐free days until day 28 between the groups (median, 0 days; interquartile range [IQR], 0–14.8) in the group with suspected OP vs 0 days (IQR, 0–11) in the group without suspected OP (P = 0.14). In univariate analysis, the presence of suspected OP was associated with lower hospital mortality; however, after correction for potential confounding variables, it was not associated with the outcome, even after matching by propensity score in patients without this condition.ConclusionOP radiologic pattern in patients with severe COVID‐19 is not associated with worse outcomes.
Barriers and enablers to implementation of the therapeutic engagement questionnaire in acute mental health inpatient wards in England: A qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Francesca , Galloway Sarah , Irons Kris , Mess Lorna , Pemberton Laura , Worton Karen , Chambers Mary 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTA strong association exists between the quality of nurse‐service user therapeutic relationship and care outcomes on acute mental health inpatient wards. Despite evidence that service users desire improved therapeutic engagement, and registered mental health nurses recognize the benefits of therapeutic relationships, such interactions remain sub‐optimal. There is a dearth of evidence on factors influencing implementation of interventions to support and encourage therapeutic engagement. This study aimed to understand the barriers and enablers to implementation of the Therapeutic Engagement Questionnaire (TEQ), across fifteen acute inpatient wards in seven English mental health organizations. Qualitative methods were used in which data were collected from ethnographic field notes and documentary review, coded, and analysed using thematic analysis. Theoretical framing supported data analysis and interpretation. Reporting adheres to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. The TEQ as an evidence‐based intervention co‐produced with service users and nurses was valued and welcomed by many nurse directors, senior clinicians, and ward managers. However, a range of practical and perceptual factors impeded implementation. Furthermore, many existing contextual challenges for intervention implementation in acute inpatient wards were magnified by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Suitable facilitation to address these barriers can help support implementation of the TEQ, with some transferability to implementation of other interventions in these settings. Our study suggests several facilitation methods, brought together in a conceptual model, including encouragement of reflective, facilitative discussion meetings among stakeholders and researchers, effort put into winning nurse ‘buy‐in’ and identifying and supporting ward‐level agents of change.
LAMP for in-field quantitative assessments of airborne grapevine downy mildew inoculum
Authors: Douillet Antonin , Laurent Benoit , Beslay Jessie , Massot Marie , Raynal Marc , Delmotte François 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cheap, rapid tools for measuring emissions of Plasmopara viticola sporangia directly in the field are required to protect grapevines efficiently and sustainably against downy mildew. To this end, we adapted an existing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol based on ITS2 sequences, coupled with a rotating-arm sampler and simple cell lysis, for the in-field measurement of airborne sporangia of P. viticola.

Methods and Results
We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of the molecular reaction with an unpurified DNA template in controlled conditions, using the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) as a reference. We show that the LAMP lower limit of quantification is 3.3 sporangia.m−3 air sampled. Cell lysis in KOH solution was less efficient than CTAB for DNA extraction, but the repeatability of the method was good. We tested this protocol directly in a plot at Chateau Dillon (Blanquefort, France) in which we monitored P. viticola sporangia concentrations from March to October 2020 (88 samples which revealed concentrations ranging from 0 to 243 sporangia.m−3). There was a significant quantitative correlation (R2 = 0.52) between ddPCR and LAMP results.

Conclusion
LAMP analysis of an unpurified DNA matrix is a simple and reliable method for in-field estimations of the concentration of airborne P. viticola sporangia.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study constitutes a first step towards the development of a regional grapevine downy mildew monitoring network in the vineyards of Bordeaux.
Confronting the unknown—Nursing surveillance of COVID‐19‐infected patients through remote telephone calls and in an on‐site urgent clinic
Authors: Blöndal Katrín , Sverrisdóttir Sólveig H. , Hafberg Anna , Ragnarsdóttir Erla Dögg , Ingadóttir Brynja , Hafsteinsdóttir Elín J. G. , Zoëga Sigríður , Jónsdóttir Helga 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo describe nursing surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐infected patients through remote telephone calls and in an on‐site urgent clinic during the first wave of the pandemic as experienced by nurses providing the care.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsData were collected through seven semi‐structured, audio‐recorded, focus group interviews with 24 nurses. Interviews were conducted in May and June 2020, transcribed and analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis into an overarching category, main categories and subcategories. Reporting followed the COREQ guidelines.ResultsNurses relied on intensive listening when assessing and caring for COVID‐19‐infected patients. They realized that the patients had complex needs for nursing and healthcare which was beyond the scope of a tentatively prescribed assessment scheme. They designed their care to ensure holistic care, reflected in the overarching category, ‘Confronting an unfamiliar health condition in unprecedented circumstances’ and the categories: ‘Digging into the unknown’ and ‘Ensuring holistic nursing care’. The category ‘Contributing to averting catastrophe’ reflects the wealth of knowledge, support and experience that the nurses used to independently deliver care, albeit in interdisciplinary collaboration, working to their greatest potential. They were proud of the significance of their work.ConclusionNovel nursing surveillance through remote telephone calls and in an on‐site urgent care clinic delivered to COVID‐19 patients self‐managing at home resulted in holistic nursing care during the first wave of the pandemic. This has relevance for professionalism in nursing.ImpactFindings give a unique insight into nursing surveillance of COVID‐19‐infected patients provided through telephone calls and in on‐site urgent care clinics. The potential of intensive listening as conducted in the study suggests that it may be feasible to assess and holistically take care of COVID‐19‐infected patients, and other patient groups as well, with this form of healthcare. This has relevance for healthcare beyond crisis management during pandemics.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public contribution as the study only concerned the providers of the service, i.e. the nurses themselves.
Immersion challenge model for Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry
Authors: Macchia Valeria , Inami Makoto , Ramstad Anne , Grammes Fabian , Reeve Andrew , Moen Thomas , Torgersen Jacob Seilø , Adams Alexandra , Desbois Andrew P. , Hoare Rowena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold‐water disease (CWBD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), which affect salmonids. To better understand this pathogen and its interaction with the host during infection, including to support the development of resistant breeds and new vaccines and treatments, there is a pressing need for reliable and reproducible immersion challenge models that more closely mimic natural routes of infection. The aim of this present study was to evaluate a challenge model developed previously for rainbow trout for use in Atlantic salmon. First, preliminary challenges were conducted in Atlantic salmon (n = 120) and rainbow trout (n = 80) fry using two F. psychrophilum isolates collected from each fish species, respectively; fish had been pretreated with 200 mg/L hydrogen peroxide for 1 h. Thereafter, the main challenge was performed for just one F. psychrophilum isolate for each species (at 2 × 107 CFU/mL) but using larger cohorts (Atlantic salmon: n = 1187; rainbow trout: n = 2701). Survival in the main challenge was 81.2% in Atlantic salmon (21 days post‐challenge) and 45.3% in rainbow trout (31 days post‐challenge). Mortalities progressed similarly during the preliminary and main challenges for both species, demonstrating the reproducibility of this model. This is the first immersion challenge model of F. psychrophilum to be developed successfully for Atlantic salmon.
Effective finance to increase financial well‐being for low‐income families: Empirical examination and policy implications
Authors: Huang Jin , Sherraden Michael , Sherraden Margaret S. , Johnson Lissa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffective finance is a finance system that assures individuals and families of having beneficial access to financial services and skills. It is a precondition for financial well‐being. Drawing upon a low‐income sample (N = 1473) from the 2016 National Financial Well‐Being Survey, this study examines whether financial skills and financial access are associated with financial well‐being and material hardship. The results identify positive interactions between financial access and financial skills on financial well‐being. The findings point to effective finance policies that have the potential to reduce material hardship and support financial well‐being for low‐income families.