bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronal Cavities in CoMP Observations
Authors: Rumińska Agnieszka , Ba̧k-Stȩślicka Urszula , Gibson Sarah E. , Fan Yuhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quiescent coronal cavities can provide insight into solar magnetic fields. They are observed in the coronal emission lines in both polarized and unpolarized light. In the total linear polarization fraction (L/I), they often possess a “lagomorphic,” or “rabbit-shaped,” structure that reflects the underlying magnetic field configuration. We studied quiescent coronal cavities observed between 2012 and 2018 by the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP). The majority of cavities in our study had a characteristic lagomorphic structure in linear polarization. We additionally compared cavity widths as observed in intensity with sizes of their linear polarization signatures for 70 cavities and found that both features are strongly correlated. Our results indicate that chances for observing a lagomorphic structure increase greatly with cavity lifetime, suggesting that the visibility depends on the spatial orientation of the cavity. Forward-modeled observations in linear polarization of flux ropes confirmed this assumption. We conclude that observations of the solar coronal cavities in linear polarization are consistent with the theoretical model of flux rope formation and structure.
The Rapid X-Ray and UV Evolution of ASASSN-14ko
Authors: Payne Anna V. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Hinkle Jason T. , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Auchettl Katie , Kochanek Christopher S. , Stanek K. Z. , Thompson Todd A. , Tucker Michael A. , Armstrong James D. , Boyd Patricia T. , Brimacombe Joseph , Cornect Robert , Huber Mark E. , Jha Saurabh W. , Lin Chien-Cheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ASASSN-14ko is a recently discovered periodically flaring transient at the center of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) ESO 253−G003 with a slowly decreasing period. Here, we show that the flares originate from the northern, brighter nucleus in this dual-AGN, post-merger system. The light curves for the two flares that occurred in 2020 May and September are nearly identical over all wavelengths. For both events, Swift observations showed that the UV and optical wavelengths brightened in unison. The effective temperature of the UV/optical emission rises and falls with the increase and subsequent decline in the luminosity. The X-ray flux, by contrast, first rapidly drops over ∼2.6 days, rises for ∼5.8 days, drops again over ∼4.3 days, and then recovers. The X-ray spectral evolution of the two flares differ, however. During the 2020 May peak the spectrum softened with increases in the X-ray luminosity, while we observed the reverse for the 2020 September peak. We found a small change in the period derivative, which seems to indicate that the system does not have a static period derivative and there is some stochasticity in its evolution.
Deuterium Fractionation as a Multiphase Component Tracer in the Galactic Center
Authors: Colzi Laura , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Rivilla Víctor M. , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Zeng Shaoshan , Rodríguez-Almeida Lucas F. , Rico-Villas Fernando , Martín Sergio , Requena-Torres Miguel A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) contains most of the mass of our Galaxy but its star formation rate is one order of magnitude lower than in the Galactic disk. This is likely related to the fact that the bulk of the gas in the CMZ is in a warm (>100 K) and turbulent phase with little material in the prestellar phase. We present in this Letter observations of deuterium fractionation (D/H ratios) of HCN, HNC, HCO+, and N2H+ toward the CMZ molecular cloud G+0.693–0.027. These observations clearly show, for the first time, the presence of a colder, denser, and less turbulent narrow component, with a line width of ∼9 km s−1, in addition to the warm, less dense, and turbulent broad component with a line width of ∼20 km s−1. The very low D/H ratio ≤6 × 10−5 for HCO+ and N2H+, close to the cosmic value (∼2.5 × 10−5), and the high D/H ratios, >4 × 10−4 for HCN and HNC, derived for the broad component confirm the presence of high-temperature deuteration routes for nitriles. For the narrow component we have derived D/H ratios >10−4 and excitation temperatures of 7 K for all molecules, suggesting kinetic temperatures ≤30 K and H2 densities ≥5 × 104 cm−3, at least one order of magnitude larger than that for the broad component. The method presented in this Letter allows us to identify clouds on the verge of star formation, i.e., under prestellar conditions, toward the CMZ. This method can also be used for the identification of such clouds in external galaxies.
COVID-19 epidemic and Chinese medical students: perception, emotions, attitudes, and conformity during domicile quarantine
Authors: Zhang Dangui , Ba-Thein William 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Students from Shantou University Medical College were subject to domicile quarantine during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methodology: We investigated their experience during March-April 2020 using a cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous online survey.
Results: Out of 531 respondents, 75.7% became aware of the outbreak via the Internet (61.7%), WeChat (57.8%), and Weibo (49%). Nearly all students knew COVID-19 manifestations, incubation period, and transmission modes; about half considered wearing facemask and hand hygiene as effective epidemic interventions. They experienced various emotional reactions that changed significantly in response to the outbreak, lockdown, and quarantine (ps < 0.001), with depression in 23.3%. Most students (83.4%-99.4%) had positive attitudes and good compliance towards domicile quarantine and preventive measures. Females were significantly better than males in hand hygiene compliance (p = 0.04). More students with positive attitudes and good compliance than those without educated their families (ps < 0.05 – ps < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed negative relationships between anger and hand hygiene attitude (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.87); confusion and quarantine compliance (0.30, 0.12-0.76); and anger and compliance with quarantine (0.32, 0.11-0.93), facemask (0.12, 0.03-0.50), and hand hygiene (0.27, 0.08-0.88).
Conclusions: This study revealed how multichannel risk communication, early awareness, positive attitudes, and conformity of medical college students might have contributed to the favorable outcome from the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Clear, accurate, consistent, early risk communication by the local, national, and international public health authorities seems critical to promote public understanding, correct risk perception, and rational emotions and attitudes, leading to optimal conformity.
Prognostic value of five serum markers predicting in–hospital mortality among adults with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Hashmat Naheed , Rahat Tayyaba , Burki Ayousha 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: To evaluate the prognostic value of serum markers predicting in–hospital mortality among community acquired pneumonia patients
Methodology: Total 134 patients admitted in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore Pakistan during 2014–16 included. Serum markers recorded upon admission included blood urea nitrogen, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio. Patients were observed for the incidence of mortality during hospitalization. Comparison between survivors and non–survivors for means by t test; odds ratios by contingency tables; and effectiveness of predictors by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were assessed.
Results: Overall mean age was 50 ± 21 years; males 45.5%; and in–hospital mortality 9.7%. For in–hospital mortality, creatinine ≥ 2.8 mg/dL showed the highest odds (OR = 7.656, 95% CI = 2.281–25.692; p = 0.001); followed by CURB-65 score ≥ 4 (OR = 4.958, 95% CI = 0.418–58.784; p = 0.266); and blood urea nitrogen ≥ 24.7 mg/dL (OR = 3.364, 95% CI = 1.033–10.954; p = 0.062). Serum creatinine was a fair predictor of in–hospital mortality (AUC = 0.721) showed 53.0% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity at cut–off 2.8 mg/dL. Blood urea nitrogen (AUC = 0.691) and blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio (AUC = 0.675) were poor predictors; whereas albumin (AUC = 0.424) and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (AUC = 0.403) failed to predict in–hospital mortality.
Conclusions: Among five serum markers, raised serum creatinine was a better predictor of in–hospital mortality in adults with community acquired pneumonia.
Clinical and laboratory features of patients with Candida auris cultures, compared to other Candida, at a South African Hospital
Authors: Parak Amirah , Stacey Sarah Lynn , Chibabhai Vindana 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Multidrug resistant Candida auris is an emerging threat worldwide. It has been identified in Africa, however, there is minimal data available comparing C. auris to other Candida species in Africa.
Methodology: Retrospective, case control study at a tertiary South African Hospital. Clinical and laboratory features of patients with positive C. auris clinical cultures from 1 January 2015 to 31 August 2018 were compared to patients who cultured C. albicans and C. glabrata.
Results: Forty-five clinical cases with C. auris cultures were identified. The median age was 32 years (IQR = 26-46). The median duration of hospital stay was 64 days (IQR = 39-88) and median time from admission to diagnosis 35 days (IQR = 21-53). Indwelling devices and previous antibiotic exposure were found to be significant risk factors. All C. auris isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and micafungin. Patients treated with amphotericin B alone, had a higher mortality (73.33%, n = 11/15) than patients treated with an echinocandin (54.55%, n = 6/11), however this was not statistically significant. All C. auris isolates were healthcare associated with 80% (n = 36/45) acquired in ICU. The 30-day all-cause in-patient mortality was 42% (n = 19/45) for C. auris, 36% (n = 16/45) for C. albicans and 53% (n = 24/45) for C. glabrata.
Conclusions: C. auris is an emerging multi drug resistant threat in South Africa. Improved access to echinocandins and improvement of infection prevention and control strategies are imperative to prevent further morbidity and mortality due to this pathogen.
Initial Clinical Characteristics of 146 Patients with COVID-19 Reported in Guizhou Province, China: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Gou Yun , Ping Kaike , Lei Mingyu , Yu Chun , Tao Ying , Hu Can , Tao Zhongfa , Zou Zhiting , Jiang Weijia , Li Shijun , Zhuang Li , Liu Zhaobin , Huang Yan 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an outbreak around the world. Early detection of severe illness is crucial for patients’ survival. We analysed initial clinical characteristics of 146 patients with COVID-19 reported in Guizhou province, China to explore risk factors for transforming mild illness to severe.
Methodology: Data of 146 laboratory-confirmed cases were collected and evaluated by the survival analysis of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: On initial presentation, patients had fever (51.05%), dry cough (45.45%), headache (16.08%), shortness of breath (7.75%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (13.99%). Among 146 laboratory-confirmed cases, 30 patients (20.55%) had severe illness and needed Intensive Care Unit care for supportive treatment. The remaining patients (116, 79.45%) were non-severe cases. Nineteen (19/146, 13.01%) of 30 patients in the Intensive Care Unit had comorbidities, including hypertension (12, 40.00%), diabetes (5, 16.67%), cardiovascular disease (5, 16.67%) and pulmonary disease (4, 13.33%). For survival analysis, patients who had fever (HR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.31, 8.29) and comorbidities (HR = 9.76, 95% CI = 4.28, 22.23) at baseline were more likely to be admitted into the Intensive Care Unit. Few variables were not related to the survival time of discharge from baseline to discharge and from Intensive Care Unit care to discharge.
Conclusions: Severe patients with COVID-19 should be paid more attention. On initial symptoms, many patients did not have fever, but those with fever were more likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Comorbidities were likewise a risk factor of severe COVID-19.
NTCP polymorphisms were associated with fibrosis development in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Su Zhenzhen , Cai Bei , Wu Xiaojuan , Li Lixin , Wei Bin , Meng Liye , Wang Lu , Wang Lanlan 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide has been identified as the hepatitis B virus (HBV) entry receptor. However, information regarding the role of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide variants in the development of HBV-related advanced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is limited.
Methodology: Overall, 581 patients with chronic HBV infection were divided into the liver fibrosis or cirrhosis group based on the Fibrosis-4 index. Further, 183 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were distributed into early/intermediate and advanced/end stage groups based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging approach. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by high resolution melting curve method. Serum biomarkers of liver function were detected, and hepatocellular carcinoma properties were collected as well.
Results: Subjects with GA+AA genotypes at the rs4646287 polymorphism site were associated with a significantly higher rate of fibrosis development (rs4646287 GA+AA genotypes were 13.7% and 20.0% in the non-fibrosis and fibrosis group, respectively; p = 0.038). There were no significant differences between sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. The GA+AA genotype carriers of rs7154439 had relatively high albumin levels (p = 0.035). The rs2296651 GA genotype carriers tended to have solitary tumor nodule and without metastasis (p = 0.004 and 0.015, respectively).
Conclusions: Rs4646287 was associated with HBV-related fibrosis development. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide polymorphisms were correlated with serum albumin level as well as hepatocellular carcinoma multifocality and metastasis. Therefore, integrating sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide polymorphisms to a risk stratification algorithm may help clinicians manage the chronic HBV infection patients better.
The role of saliva PCR assay in the diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Abdollahi Alireza , Salarvand Samaneh , Ghalehtaki Reza , Jafarzadeh Bita , Beigmohammadi Mohammad Taghi , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Shakoori Abbas , Khoshnevis Hoda , Arabzadeh Mohammad , Nateghi Saeed , Mehrtash Vahid 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The introduction of a self-collection sampling method with less discomfort would be of great benefit in reducing the risk of medical provider's contamination and patient's acceptance. The aim of the present study was to investigate saliva samples' diagnostic performance for the COVID-19 RT-PCR test compared to pharyngeal swabs.
Methodology: From individuals referred to a medical center with presentations compatible with COVID-19 who were eligible for molecular diagnostic tests, 80 cases were selected. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs (placed into the same transport tube) along with self-collected saliva sample were taken from each participant for COVID-19 RT-PCR assay. The results of pharyngeal swabs and saliva sample were compared.
Results: Sixty-two (78%) infected cases were detected, of whom 31 (39%) cases tested positive for both pharyngeal swab and saliva samples. 24 (30%) and 7 (9%) cases tested positive only for pharyngeal or saliva samples, respectively. The overall percentage of agreement between pharyngeal swab and saliva sample was 61%, with a kappa value of 0.24 (p-value = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.04-0.44), showing a fair level of agreement. The diagnostic sensitivity of pharyngeal swabs was 88.71% (95% CI: 78.11-95.34), and the diagnostic sensitivity of saliva samples was 61.29% (95% CI: 48.07-73.40). Compared to pharyngeal swabs (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs in the same collection tube), an important observation was that seven more positive cases were detected among saliva samples.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that self-collected saliva samples cannot replace pharyngeal swabs. Still, saliva samples significantly increased the case detection rate and can be used along with pharyngeal swabs.
The look and the touch of evil. Notes on technologies of violence in Godless
Authors: Barone João Guilherme 
Published: February 2022

Cet article examine l’imaginaire de la violence dans la minisérie Godless en révélant les façons dont la tradition des films western classiques est revisitée en relation aux phénomènes contemporains de violence à travers les signes et les traces du mal, cachés dans la structure narrative et esthétique et exprimés à travers le comportement des personnages.
“Someone Should be There to Take Care of It”: A Case Study of Users’ Views of Managed Shared Sanitation Facilities in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Vu Sharon , Jain Anoop , Harrison Caleb , Ghimire Prabin , Graham Jay P. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
The Sustainable Development Goals have set an ambitious target to end open defecation by 2030 by building private household toilets. These toilets are categorized based on quality indicators. However, toilets that are shared among households are considered “limited,” disincentivizing governments and implementers from investing in this infrastructure despite being more appropriate in certain contexts. Furthermore, unlike private toilets, shared toilets are not distinguished based on their quality. As such, there is a need to understand what attributes constitute well-managed shared toilets. These types of facilities could play an important role in helping people move up the sanitation ladder away from open defecation in certain contexts. Therefore, we conducted 41 one-on-one in-depth interviews with users of managed shared sanitation facilities. We found that maintenance and accessibility are key indicators of well-managed shared sanitation. Maintenance includes the provision of water for flushing and self-cleaning, cleaning, and high-quality built infrastructure. Accessibility is defined by the distance people have to walk to reach the facility, the amount of time they have to wait in line, and design features of the facility that encourage use. These findings could help distinguish managed versus unmanaged shared sanitation and could help inform global sanitation policies.
DERECHOS HUMANOS, LA PAZ Y CIUDADANIA DESDE LA OPTICA UNIVERSITARIA
Authors: Silva Valenzuela L.E. María Antonieta , Ochoa Silva L.E.I. Rosa Gabriela Guadalupe 
Published: February 2022

Tomando en cuenta las esferas de reconocimiento en la teoría de Axel Honneth (Hernán, 2011). Se encuentran las esferas del reconocimiento principalmente delderecho que es en esta esfera universal donde los seres humanos se reconocen como fuente de deberes y derechos, independientemente de toda aracterizaciónde orden social, económico y cultural, y un cumulo de valores de la sociedad que puede propiciar que los nuevos grupos luchen por su reconocimiento ya que lo peor que les pueden hacer a los humanos es discriminarlos y lastimar su integridad social (autorrespeto)., en cambio la paz se encuentra dentro de la esfera de la solidaridad la cual es contextual, cada sociedad tiene sus propios valores, busca cualidades y capacidades , es la relación en la que los sujetos se reconocen entre si, es decir que necesitan de afectos , la cual puede ser simétrica o asimétrica y esto a su vez tiene que ver con el amor .Es por esto que es muy importante esta interrelación porque la paz busca tranquilidad, y reforzar su autoestima . La realidad tiene que transformarse a través de los derechos humanos o a travésde la paz, aunque siempre habrá tensión permanente para hacer valer los derechos o para lograr la paz. Se tiene que conocer la realidad social y modificarla desde lo particular a lo universal.
Identificacio?n de pra?cticas eficaces en la mejora de la productividad de empresas exportadoras de la ciudad de Navojoa, Sonora; Me?xico
Authors: Hermosillo Anduaga Dr. Gustavo César , Kaplan Navarro Dr. José César , Cruz Mendívil Mtra. María Consuelo , Castrejón Jiménez Lic. Jesús Sergio 
Published: February 2022

En la presente investigación se estudiaron las principales prácticas y acciones realizadas por las exportadoras de la ciudad de Navojoa, que han impactado en la mejora de su productividad y que las han llevado a competir exitosamente en los mercados internacionales. Dada la correlación positiva entre las exportaciones realizadas por un país y los índices de bienestar de su población, resulta estratégico involucrar a más empresas de la región en las actividades de comercio exterior. No obstante, previo a realizar actividades de intercambio comercial internacional, las firmas deben trabajar intensamente en su eficiencia productiva ya que existe una marcada causalidad entre los niveles de productividad y la actividad exportadora, por lo que esta investigación se centró en conocer las prácticas de las exportadoras navojoenses, relacionadas a cuatro indicadores de productividad: tecnología, destrezas o habilidades administrativas, capital humano y optimización de recursos, con el fin de servir de referencia a otras organizaciones que desean disfrutar los beneficios del comercio internacional. Se encontró que para las empresas de Navojoa las habilidades o destrezas administrativas han sido el principal determinante para el aumento de su productividad, seguida de la optimización de recursos, tecnología, y finalmente el capital humano.