bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorting Nexin1 negatively modulates phosphate uptake by facilitating Phosphate Transporter1;1 degradation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Lin‐Feng , Han Shu‐Yue , Ren Feng , Liu Wen‐Cheng 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYHigh‐affinity phosphate (Pi) transporters (PHTs) PHT1;1 and PHT1;4 are necessary for plant root Pi uptake especially under Pi‐deficient conditions, but how their protein stability is modulated remains elusive. Here, we identified a Ttransfer DNA insertion mutant of Sorting Nexin1 (SNX1), which had more Pi content and less anthocyanin accumulation than the wild type under deficient Pi. By contrast, the snx1‐2 mutant displayed higher sensitivity to exogenous arsenate in terms of seed germination and root elongation, revealing higher Pi uptake rates. Further study showed that SNX1 could co‐localize and interact with PHT1;1 and PHT1;4 in vesicles and at the plasma membrane. Genetic analysis showed that increased Pi content in the snx1‐2 mutant under low Pi conditions could be extensively compromised by mutating PHT1;1 in the double mutant snx1‐2 pht1;1, revealing that SNX1 is epistatic to PHT1;1. In addition, SNX1 negatively controls PHT1;1 protein stability; therefore, PHT1;1 protein abundance in the plasma membrane was increased in the snx1‐2 mutant compared with the wild type under either sufficient or deficient Pi. Together, our study (i) identifies SNX1 as a key modulator of the plant response to low Pi and (ii) unravels its role in the modulation of PHT1;1 protein stability, PHT1;1 accumulation at the plasma membrane, and root Pi uptake.
A split green fluorescent protein system to enhance spatial and temporal sensitivity of translating ribosome affinity purification
Authors: Dinkeloo Kasia , Pelly Zoe , McDowell John M. , Pilot Guillaume 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYTranslating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) utilizes transgenic plants expressing a ribosomal protein fused to a tag for affinity co‐purification of ribosomes and the mRNAs that they are translating. This population of actively translated mRNAs (translatome) can be interrogated by quantitative PCR or RNA sequencing. Condition‐ or cell‐specific promoters can be utilized to isolate the translatome of specific cell types, at different growth stages and/or in response to environmental variables. While advantageous for revealing differential expression, this approach may not provide sufficient sensitivity when activity of the condition/cell‐specific promoter is weak, when ribosome turnover is low in the cells of interest, or when the targeted cells are ephemeral. In these situations, expressing tagged ribosomes under the control of these specific promoters may not yield sufficient polysomes for downstream analysis. Here, we describe a new TRAP system that employs two transgenes: One is constitutively expressed and encodes a ribosomal protein fused to one fragment of a split green fluorescent protein (GFP); the second is controlled by a stimulus‐specific promoter and encodes the second GFP fragment fused to an affinity purification tag. In cells where both transgenes are active, the purification tag is attached to ribosomes by bi‐molecular folding and assembly of the split GFP fragments. This approach provides increased sensitivity and better temporal resolution because it labels pre‐existing ribosomes and does not depend on rapid ribosome turnover. We describe the optimization and key parameters of this system, and then apply it to a plant–pathogen interaction in which spatial and temporal resolution are difficult to achieve with current technologies.
Heat shock‐induced cold acclimation in cucumber through CsHSFA1d‐activated JA biosynthesis and signaling
Authors: Qi Chuandong , Dong Danhui , Li Yafei , Wang Xuewei , Guo Luqin , Liu Lun , Dong Xiaonan , Li Xingsheng , Yuan Xiaowei , Ren Shuxin , Zhang Na , Guo Yang‐Dong 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYCucumber (Cucumis sativus) originated in tropical areas and is very sensitive to low temperatures. Cold acclimation is a universal strategy that improves plant resistance to cold stress. In this study, we report that heat shock induces cold acclimation in cucumber seedlings, via a process involving the heat‐shock transcription factor HSFA1d. CsHSFA1d expression was improved by both heat shock and cold treatment. Moreover, CsHSFA1d transcripts accumulated more under cold treatment after a heat‐shock pre‐treatment than with either heat shock or cold treatment alone. After exposure to cold, cucumber lines overexpressing CsHSFA1d displayed stronger tolerance for cold stress than the wild type, whereas CsHSFA1d knockdown lines obtained by RNA interference were more sensitive to cold stress. Furthermore, both the overexpression of CsHSFA1d and heat‐shock pre‐treatment increased the endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) content in cucumber seedlings after cold treatment. Exogenous application of JA rescued the cold‐sensitive phenotype of CsHSFA1d knockdown lines, underscoring that JA biosynthesis is key for CsHSFA1d‐mediated cold tolerance. Higher JA content is likely to lead to the degradation of CsJAZ5, a repressor protein of the JA pathway. We also established that CsJAZ5 interacts with CsICE1. JA‐induced degradation of CsJAZ5 would be expected to release CsICE1, which would then activate the ICE–CBF–COR pathway. After cold treatment, the relative expression levels of ICE–CBF–COR signaling pathway genes, such as CsICE1, CsCBF1, CsCBF2 and CsCOR1, in CsHSFA1d overexpression lines were significantly higher than in the wild type and knockdown lines. Taken together, our results help to reveal the mechanism underlying heat shock‐induced cold acclimation in cucumber.
Genome‐wide loss of CHH methylation with limited transcriptome changes in Setaria viridis DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE (DRM) mutants
Authors: Read Andrew , Weiss Trevor , Crisp Peter A. , Liang Zhikai , Noshay Jaclyn , Menard Claire C. , Wang Chunfang , Song Meredith , Hirsch Candice N. , Springer Nathan M. , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYThe DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASEs (DRMs) are crucial for RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) in plant species. Setaria viridis is a model monocot species with a relatively compact genome that has limited transposable element (TE) content. CRISPR‐based genome editing approaches were used to create loss‐of‐function alleles for the two putative functional DRM genes in S. viridis to probe the role of RdDM. Double mutant (drm1ab) plants exhibit some morphological abnormalities but are fully viable. Whole‐genome methylation profiling provided evidence for the widespread loss of methylation in CHH sequence contexts, particularly in regions with high CHH methylation in wild‐type plants. Evidence was also found for the locus‐specific loss of CG and CHG methylation, even in some regions that lack CHH methylation. Transcriptome profiling identified genes with altered expression in the drm1ab mutants. However, the majority of genes with high levels of CHH methylation directly surrounding the transcription start site or in nearby promoter regions in wild‐type plants do not have altered expression in the drm1ab mutant, even when this methylation is lost, suggesting limited regulation of gene expression by RdDM. Detailed analysis of the expression of TEs identified several transposons that are transcriptionally activated in drm1ab mutants. These transposons are likely to require active RdDM for the maintenance of transcriptional repression.
Standing laparoscopy combined with a conventional inguinal approach to treat extended septic funiculitis in 12 horses
Authors: Comino Francesco , Röcken Michael , Gorvy Dylan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a 2‐step surgical procedure combining standing laparoscopy with a conventional inguinal approach to treat deep intra‐abdominal funiculitis (extended septic funiculitis) after castration.Study designRetrospective case series.Sample populationTwelve client‐owned horses.MethodsMedical records of horses treated for extended septic funiculitis with the 2‐step surgical procedure were reviewed. Data collected included the initial castration technique, number of surgical interventions for septic funiculitis prior to presentation, clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical procedure, and short‐term and long‐term survival.ResultsComplete resection of the infected spermatic cord was achieved without intraoperative complications. Intra‐abdominal adhesions were documented in 6 horses, involving the ascending colon (4 cases) and descending colon (2 cases). Postoperatively, minor incisional swelling (2/12) and emphysema (3/12) at the laparoscopic portals were observed. All horses survived to discharge. At 3 months, wounds had completely healed without complications. No recurrence of signs was recorded at long‐term follow up (4‐36 months after discharge).ConclusionIn cases of extended septic funiculitis, complete resection of the infected spermatic cord can be safely performed using a laparoscopic‐assisted surgical approach, reducing postoperative complications and risk of recurrence of infection.
Population Dynamics, Macroeconomic Risks, and the Future of Pensions in Finland
Authors: Kovanen Arto 
Published: April 2022

The hybrid pay-as-you-go system currently in use in Finland could become increasingly untenable in the longer run, should macroeconomic developments turn out weaker than expected. Unfavorable population trends would amplify the effects of adverse macroeconomic shocks on the Finnish pension system and its financial health. Although Finnish government has demonstrated willingness to respond to challenges facing the pension system and has been successful in building consensus for necessary pension reforms, a more strategic approach would serve policymakers and retirees (current and future) better in the longer run. This study focuses on risks to productivity and investment returns and how they would impact the longer-term health of the Finnish pension system, given unfavorable population dynamics. In order to protect the longer-term finances of the pension system, government should transition away from the pay-as-you-go model to an arrangement where pensions are fully funded from investment returns instead of being dependent on the contributions of current working-age population. We suggest alternative options to achieve that but at the same time emphasize that the authorities need to be mindful of burden-sharing between workers and pensioners in their considerations, as pension cuts would hurt retirees while contribution rates are already quite high.
Investigation of the Effect of Simulated Atmospheric Conditions at Different Altitudes on the Combustion Process in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Based on Zero-Dimensional Modeling
Authors: Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plateau diesel engines suffer from increased fuel consumption and deteriorating emissions. These problems were mainly caused by the combustion worsening inside the chamber. However, limited research has been done specifically on the effect of altitude on the combustion process of diesel engine cycles, which would obviate the feasibility of optimizing high altitude engines. As a result, the goal of this study was to apply the zero-dimensional modeling approach to deeply analyze the influence of altitude on diesel engine combustion. A triple Wiebe function model was calibrated based on the experimental results of a turbocharged direct injection compression ignition engine operating at simulated atmospheric conditions from sea level to 5000 meters, where only the effect of pressure reduction was considered, but the intake temperature and oxygen to nitrogen ratio were kept constant. The analyses indicated that the increase in altitude lengthened the ignition delay, resulting in more fuel fraction being burned in the premixed combustion stage and therefore extending the duration of this phase. As for the main mixing-controlled combustion phase, operation at high altitude retarded the combustion initiation angle, advanced the combustion end angle, shortened the burning duration, and reduced the diesel mass burned in this stage. Moreover, the higher altitude operation increased the energy release and prolonged the duration of the late combustion period, which was detrimental to clean emissions. All these impacts contributed to the reduced thermal and combustion efficiency of the highland engines. However, the engine phasing did not change with increasing altitude, suggesting that it was mainly the combustion degradation that caused the reduction in power output. Consequently, finding solutions to improve the spray formation quality or the spray spatial distribution in lower density backgrounds is the key to compensate for the altitude negative effects.
Experimental Study of Cyclic Variations of RCCI Diesel–Methanol Engines at Multiple Simulated Elevations
Authors: Li Jiehui , Zhang Weizhen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The cyclic variations of reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion are studied in this work via experiments conducted in an in-house diesel–methanol dual-fuel (DMDF) engine at multiple simulated elevations. The test engine is maintained at 1800 rpm, with simulated elevations of 10, 700, and 1670 m. Engine load, methanol substitution rate (MSR), and injection parameters are varied to investigate their effects on cyclic variations at multiple elevations. We employ in-cylinder pressure parameters, such as the maximum pressure (Pmax) and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), to quantify cyclic variations. According to the results, the stability of DMDF combustion in plateau conditions displays a similar trend to that in plain conditions. However, with the increase in elevation, there is a significant increase in the Pmax coefficient of variation (COVPmax), while that of the IMEP (COVIMEP) shows an opposite trend. The distribution of crank angle at high elevations corresponding to Pmax tends to be more concentrated, and the increase in pilot injections reduces the COVPmax in the plateau environment. At all elevations, there is no effect of injection timing on COVIMEP, while COVPmax is more sensitive to injection timing (range from 10 deg CA before top dead center (BTDC) to 3 deg CA BTDC). Compared with other injection parameters, the cyclic variations caused by injection pressure (range from 92 MPa to 112 MPa) are relatively minor.
Static and Rotordynamic Characteristics for Two Types of Novel Hole-Pattern Seals Operating in Supercritical CO2 Turbomachinery
Authors: Li Zhigang , Li Zhuocong , Li Jun , Feng Zhenping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, two novel hole-pattern seals were assessed for applications at the balance piston in a 14 MW supercritical CO2 turbine, focusing on the improvement of the seal leakage and rotordynamic performances. These two novel hole-pattern seals were derived from the conventional straight-through hole-pattern seal (HPS) with the same sealing clearance, diameter, axial length, hole diameter and depth, including a stepped hole-pattern damper seal (SHPS) and a grooved hole-pattern damper seal (GHPS). To enhance the seal net damping capability at high inlet preswirl condition, a straight swirl brake also was designed and employed at seal entrance for each type seal. A comprehensive assessment and comparison was conducted on the conventional HPS and the present two novel hole-pattern seals (SHPS and GHPS) with a static concentric rotor. The leakage flow rates, rotordynamic force coefficients, cavity pressure, and swirl velocity developments were analyzed for three hole-pattern seal designs with/without swirl brakes at two inlet preswirl ratios (0.1, 0.5), using a transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based perturbation method based on the multiple-frequency elliptical-orbit rotor whirling model and the mesh deformation technique. To take into account of real gas effect with high accuracy, a table look-up procedure based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database was implemented, using an in-house code, for the fluid properties of CO2 in both supercritical and subcritical conditions. Results show that the present two novel hole-pattern seals have better sealing capability, especially for the GHPS seal which leaks less by a factor of 44%. In general, the GHPS seal possesses the lowest positive effective stiffness, highest effective damping, and the lowest crossover frequency of 60–70 Hz, especially at high inlet preswirl case. From a viewpoint of the rotor stability and unbalance sensitivity analysis, the GHPS seal without entrance swirl brake is a better seal design scheme for the balance piston seal in sCO2 turbine.
A Flight of the Proton-M Launch Vehicle Carrying the Yamal-601 Satellite: Optical Effects Observed in a Distant Zone of the Launch Site
Authors: Mikhalev A. V. , Beletskii A. B. , Lebedev V. P. , Syrenova T. E. , Khakhinov V. V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider disturbances in the airglow of the Earth’s upper atmosphere caused by a launch of the Yamal-601 satellite on May 30, 2019. For this purpose, we used the data acquired with an optical system of the Institute of Solar−Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISTP SB RAS). The measurements were carried out at the Geophysical Observatory (GPO) of the ISTP SB RAS (~52° N, ~103° E) with a complex of optical instruments—a whole-sky camera, a spectrograph, and a Fabry–Pérot interferometer. According to the data of the KЕО Sentinel camera, an extensive area of airglow was observed along the flightpath; it appeared approximately 2−4 min after the spacecraft’s passage over the GPO and existed for ~20 min. A transversal scale of the spacecraft’s flightpath is estimated approximately as 95–110 km if the spontaneous-emission altitude is assumed to be at ~150 km (and it is about 190–220 km if the spontaneous-emission altitude is ~300 km). We discuss the mechanisms that may result in forming the observed area of airglow, including the mechanisms connected with the physical and chemical interaction of fuel products with atmospheric components and the influence of propagation of a shock wave or short-period internal gravitational waves. Probable causes of the delay observed in appearing the airglow after the spacecraft’s flyby are analyzed.
Parkinson’s disease, temporomandibular disorder pain and bruxism and its clinical consequences: a protocol of a single-centre observational outpatient study
Authors: Verhoeff Merel Charlotte , Koutris Michail , Berendse Henk W , van Dijk Karin D , Lobbezoo F 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionA recent questionnaire-based study suggested that bruxism and painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD pain) may be more prevalent in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared with controls. The presence of both bruxism and TMD pain may negatively influence patients’ quality of life. The present study is designed to clinically and more objectively investigate the presence of bruxism and TMD pain in patients with PD. The secondary aim of the study is to identify factors associated with bruxism and TMD pain in patients with PD, such as disease severity and dopaminergic medication usage. Furthermore, the presence of tooth wear in patients with PD will be studied as this can be a major consequence of bruxism. Finally, deviations in saliva composition that may contribute to tooth wear will be studied.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre observational outpatient study at the Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc. All patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD will be eligible for inclusion. Participants will fill in a set of questionnaires. Subsequently, patients will be examined clinically for, among others, TMD pain, presence and severity of tooth wear, and deviations in saliva composition. Sleep-time registrations will take place for 5 nights with the GrindCare GC4 (ie, a portable, single-channel electromyographic recorder) to assess sleep bruxism and simultaneously by the use of the BruxApp for 5 days to assess awake bruxism. We will partly use data collected during standard clinical care to minimise patient burden.Ethics and disseminationThe scientific and ethical aspects of this study protocol have been approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; NL. 2019.143. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, if relevant presented at conferences, and published as part of a PhD thesis.Trial registration numberNL8307.
Balance on the Brain: a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of a multimodal exercise programme on physical performance, falls, quality of life and cognition for people with mild cognitive impairment—study protocol
Authors: Burton Elissa , Hill Keith , Ellis Kathryn A , Hill Anne-Marie , Lowry Meggen , Moorin Rachael , McVeigh Joanne A , Jacques Angela , Erickson Kirk I , Tate Joel , Bernard Sarah , Orr Carolyn F , Bongiascia Luke , Clarnette Roger , Clark Melanie L , Williams Shannon , Lautenschlager Nicola 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionExercise and physical activity have been shown to improve cognition for people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is strong evidence for the benefits of aerobic exercise and medium evidence for participating in regular strength training for people with MCI. However, people living with MCI fall two times as often as those without cognitive impairment and the evidence is currently unknown as to whether balance training for people with MCI is beneficial, as has been demonstrated for older people without cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to determine whether a balance-focused multimodal exercise intervention improves balance and reduces falls for people with MCI, compared with a control group receiving usual care.Methods and analysisThis single blind randomised controlled trial (Balance on the Brain) will be offered to 396 people with MCI living in the community. The multimodal exercise intervention consists of two balance programmes and a walking programme to be delivered by physiotherapists over a 6-month intervention period. All participants will be followed up over 12 months (for the intervention group, this involves 6-month intervention and 6-month maintenance). The primary outcomes are (1) balance performance and (2) rate of falls. Physical performance, levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, quality of life and cognition are secondary outcomes. A health economic analysis will be undertaken to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with usual care.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received from the South Metropolitan Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC), Curtin University HREC and the Western Australia Department of Health HREC; and approval has been received to obtain data for health costings from Services Australia. The results will be disseminated through peer-review publications, conference presentations and online platforms.Trial registration numberACTRN12620001037998; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).