bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing and Modelling of Trivalent Chimeric Vaccine for Capripoxvirus: Lumpy Skin Disease, Sheep Pox and Goat Pox by Immunoinformatics Approach
Authors: M Pashupathi , S Anbazhagan , N Barkathullah , Priyadarsini Swagatika , Panda Snehasmita , C Nikhil K. , Kumar Ajay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Capripoxvirus belongs to poxviridae family and causes three economically important diseases in ruminants namely, lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle, sheeppox in sheep, and goatpox in goats. Albeit non-zoonotic in nature, they have potential to cause high economic loss among the farmers. Capripoxvirus members share common structural proteins and can rise cross-immunity among them. The present study aimed to design a recombinant chimeric-vaccine from immunogenic proteins of these three members to protect all the host species by using immunoinformatics analysis. The palmitoylated EEV (Extracellular Enveloped Virion) membrane glycoprotein of LSD virus, SPPV-ORF 117 of sheeppox virus, B5R (EEV host range protein) of goatpox virus, and a common protein to all the members, P32, were the major immunodominant proteins used in the present chimeric vaccine construction. Several computational tools were applied to define the most immunogenic regions and different possible adjuvants and universal T-helper agonists were linked to the new construct. The designed vaccine construct was examined for physicochemical properties, immunogenicity, 3D model, Docking analysis and Molecular Dynamics simulations, by using reliable software. After evaluation of the results, the final designed vaccine is expected to have potential in stimulating the humoral response in addition to the cellular responses with acceptable stability.
Sheet Metal Blanking Modeling Using Lode-Dependent Plasticity and Ductile Damage Models Combined with 3D Adaptive Remeshing Method
Authors: cherouat abel , Zhang Jie , Borouchaki Houman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to numerically study the sheet metal blanking process using elastic-visco-plastic model fully coupled with ductile damage and 3D adaptive remeshing procedure. The proposed constitutive theory aims to capture the effects of irreversible damage associated with the failure mechanisms that occur in sheet metal forming under large deformation. The isotropic ductile damage fully coupled into an elasto-viscoplastic flow stress model and stress state parameters (stress triaxiality and Lode angle) are proposed to control the damage evolution under multi-axial loading path. When a sheet metal is sheared by large elastic-viscoplastic strains, the propagation of macroscopic cracks induces severe changes of topology and frequent remeshing must be performed in order to avoid large mesh distortion and element quality. An h-adaptive Constraint Delaunay kernel remeshing scheme (refinement and coarsening) dedicated to the simulation of macroscopic ductile cracks initiation and propagation during blanking processes is proposed. Cracks are represented using a procedure based on fully damaged elements deletion. Optimal adaptive element size is driven by error indicators based on both geometrical considerations (tool geometry, deformed part) and the derivatives of physical field (plastic strain or damage localization). The proposed methodology was successfully verified comparing the predicted evolution of material ductility with the experimental data relative to several metals. The procedure for the blanking simulation is also discussed in details.
Analysis of the use of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI and [18F]FDG PET/CT for diagnosing and staging non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Junhao , Deng Hao , Zhong Haoshu , Wang Tao , Zheng Kai , Rao Zijuan , Gong Weidong , Wang Yingwei , Chen Yue , zhang chunyin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The current research was developed for comparing the relative diagnostic utility of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT when evaluating initial tumors and metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Methods
A prospective analysis of 28 individuals with histopathologically confirmed NSCLC that underwent [68Ga]Ga-FAPI and [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging was conducted. The relative performance of these different imaging modalities was compared based upon visual assessment, rates of cancer detection, and metabolic parameters (target-to-background ratio [TBR], maximum standard uptake value [SUVmax]) for both primary tumors and metastases.
Results
In total, this study enrolled 28 cases (13 male, 15 female; median age: 60.5 years, range: 34–78 years. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging was found to more effectively discern both metastases and primary tumors as compared to [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging, detecting more primary tumors (28 vs. 27), as well as metastases present within the lymph nodes (53 vs. 49), pleura (8 vs. 7), liver (4 vs. 1), and bone (41 vs. 35). In contrast, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT was not capable of detecting as many adrenal metastases as was [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging (0 vs. 2). The SUVmax and TBR values for [68Ga]Ga-FAPI were substantially superior to those for [18F]FDG in lymph node, pleural, and bone metastases. While the SUVmax for these two imaging approaches was comparable for hepatic metastases, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI exhibited a significantly higher TBR in relation to that of [18F]FDG. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI additionally exhibited greater accuracy than that achieved for [18F]FDG PET/CT when used to conduct NSCLC patient N-staging (80% [8/10] vs. 50% [5/10]) and M-staging (92.9% [26/28] vs. 89.3% [25/28]).
Conclusions
These data highlight the value of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging as an approach of diagnosing and staging NSCLC, improving the diagnosis of most metastases and facilitating the superior staging of NSCLC patients relative to that achieved by [18F]FDG PET/CT.
Optimization of Dilute Acid Pretreatment for Enhanced Release of Fermentable Sugars from Sugarcane Bagasse and Validation by Biophysical Characterization
Authors: Hans Meenu , Pellegrini Vanessa O.A. , Filgueiras Jefferson G. , de Azevedo Eduardo R. , Guimaraes Francisco E.C. , Chandel Anuj Kumar , Polikarpov Igor , Chadha Bhupinder Singh , Kumar Sachin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment of biomass is one of the most challenging steps in process of second generation (2G) ethanol and biochemicals production. Dilute acid pretreatment is a widely adapted and convenient method to recover pentose (C5) as well as hexose (C6) sugars due to its featured solubilization of hemicellulose and cellulose before and after enzymatic saccharification, respectively. In the present study, dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was statistically optimized using factorial central composite design (FCCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) in terms of acid concentration (0.1-3% v/v), solid loading (5–20% w/v) and retention time (15–30 min) at constant temperature of 121 oC followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial cellulase (Novozymes Cellic CTec2) for enhanced combined sugar yield (CSY) together with C5 and C6 in pretreated as well as saccharified hydrolysates. Optimized process parameters found in the study were 2.18% (v/v) acid; 14.35% (w/v) solid loading; 29.49 min retention time. CSY under optimized conditions was found to be 521.42 ± 7.2 g/kg raw SCB with 72.06 ± 1.0% sugars recovered out of maximum theoretical sugars present in raw biomass. Total reducing sugars yields in pretreated and saccharified hydrolysates were found to be 215.28 ± 2.4 and 306.14 ± 5.3 g/kg raw SCB, respectively. Morphological and structural changes in optimized pretreated and saccharified biomass further validated the efficiency of optimized pretreatment applied in the present study. The maximum ethanol concentration, volumetric productivity, and yield from released sugars were calculated as 10.82 ± 2.2 g/l, 0.45 ± 0.9 g/l/h and 0.42 g/g-glucose consumed or 71.45 ± 2.5 g/kg raw SCB, respectively. Ethanol yields obtained from fermentation of dilute H2SO4 pretreated SCB was corresponding to 82.4% of the maximum theoretical yield (0.51 g/g).
Prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of epirubicin combined with ifosfamide in patients with lung metastases from soft tissue sarcoma based on chest enhanced CT radiomics features: a pilot study
Authors: Miao Lei , Ma Shu-Tao , Jiang Xu , Zhang Huan-Huan , Wang Yan-Mei , Li Meng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the value of enhanced chest CT radiomics features in predicting the efficacy of epirubicin combined with ifosfamide in patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma
Methods
In a retrospective analysis of 51 patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma, all received the chemotherapy regimen of epirubicin combined with ifosfamide, and the efficacy was evaluated by the RECIST(1.1). Each patient selected 1 or 2 chemotherapy regimens. Lung metastases were used as target lesions (86 target lesions total), and the patients were divided into a progression group (n = 29) and a nonprogressive group (n = 57). The nonprogressive group included a stable group (n = 34) and a partial response group (n = 23). Information of lung metastases was extracted from enhanced CT images before chemotherapy, and all lesions were delineated by ITK-SNAP software manually or semiautomatically. The decision tree classifier had a better effect in all radiomics models. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive performance of the model for progression vs. nonprogression.
Results
In total, 851 enhanced CT radiomics features were extracted for each target lesion and finally reduced to 2 radiomics features, which were used to construct a radiomics model. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the model for predicting the progression of lesions were 0.917 and 0.856 in the training and test groups.
Conclusion
The model established based on the radiomic features of chest enhanced CT before treatment has certain predictive value for the chemotherapy efficacy of patients with soft tissue sarcoma lung metastases.
Accuracy of Neck Circumference as a Screening Test for Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
Authors: Ssebuliba Moses Kiwanuka , Ssinabulya Isaac , Nanvuma Aidah , J Reynolds Steven , Mulumba Yusuf , Kizza Harriet Mayanja- , Miriam Laker , Barbara Castelnuovo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is 2.0 times higher than in the general population. Neck circumference (NC) is a simple and inexpensive measurement and correlates well with the CVD risk in studies done outside sub-Saharan Africa. We determined the accuracy of neck circumference and the NC cut-off indicative of increased CVD risk in PLWH. MethodologyIn this cross-sectional study, we enrolled PLWHIV ≥ 30 years from urban clinics in Uganda in 2019. Medical history, physical examination (including NC), lipid profile, and HbA1C were obtained. CVD risk was computed using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Receiver operator curves (ROC) were constructed for different values of NC with FRS as the gold standard, whence to determine the accuracy of NC as a screening tool and the cut-off indicative of CVD risk. Factors associated with increased NC above the cutoff were determined using the Poisson regression modelResultsOf the 384 enrolled participants, 74% were females, the median age was 42 years (IQR 34-39 years) and median NC 33 cm (IQR 31-35 cm), meantime from HIV diagnosis 8.9 years. The area under the ROC was 0.63 and the optimum NC cut-off was 35 cm (sensitivity 43.9%, specificity 75.1%). Factors associated with a neck circumference ≥ 35 cm were male gender (Adjusted Poisson ratio (APR): 2.7, CI: 2.15 - 3.4; P<0.001), increased body mass index (overweight APR 2.4, CI: 1.24 - 4.47, P:0.009; obese APR: 3.2, CI: 1.67 - 6.24, P < 0.001), waist circumference, (1.7, CI: 1.26 - 2.21<0.001). Having HDL ≥ 1.50 was found to be negatively associated with large NC (0.7, CI: 0.55 – CI: 0.87 P: 0.002)ConclusionNC measurement is an easy tool that can be used accurately at cut off values of 35 cm to screen HIV individuals for risk of CVD
Fabricated HMNPs with Size Approaching ~100 nm for MMC Loading and Sustained-release, as well as Labeling 99Tcm
Authors: Yang Yuxiang , Chang Ziling , Dong Mengyang , Li Huafei , Ni Chaoying , Yuan Hongming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Herein, we developed the dual-function template method to fabricate hollow magnetic nano-spheres (denoted as HMNPs-Cn, n = 16, 18) with a mesoporous shell and hollow interior structure using alkyl chain trimethoxysilane templating. The microstructure of the HMNPs-Cn was investigated by means of XRD, FT-IR, EDS, SEM, TEM and N2-BET analyses. The shorter chain template directed formation of HMNPs-C16 with size of 119 nm, having disordered inkbottle type mesopores and saturation magnetization of 50.01 emu/g. It can be observed that, mitomycin C (MMC) loaded HMNPs-Cn hollow spheres showed a clear pH-dependent drug release behavior, having a higher release rate in acidic environments of pH 5.7. For the pH 5.7 and 7.4 release, the diffusion through HMNPs-Cn hollow spheres is the rate limiting step, the release kinetic for HMNPs-C16-MMC composites follows pseudo-first-order attributable to its special pore structure. For this reason the inner cavity of HMNPs-C16 could be labeled with radioisotope 99Tcm to study the magnetic targeting distribution of HMNPs-C16 in vivo, and its cytotoxicity against in vitro HeLa cells was also studied. These results indicate the potential of HMNPs-C16 in the magnetic targeted drug delivery system.
EMBED: Essential Microbiome Dynamics, a dimensionality reduction approach for longitudinal microbiome studies
Authors: Shahin Mayar , Ji Brian , Dixit Purushottam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dimensionality reduction can offer unique insights into high dimensional microbiome dynamics by leveraging collective abundance fluctuations of multiple bacteria driven by similar ecological perturbations. However, methods providing lower-dimensional representations of microbiome dynamics both at the community and individual taxa level are not currently available. To that end, we present EMBED: Essential MicroBiomE Dynamics, a probabilistic non-linear tensor factorization approach. Similar to normal mode analysis in structural biophysics, EMBED infers ecological normal modes (ECNs), which represent the unique orthogonal modes capturing the collective behavior of microbial communities. A very small number of ECNs can accurately approximate microbiome dynamics across multiple data sets. Inferred ECNs reflect specific ecological behaviors, providing natural templates along which the dynamics of individual bacteria may be partitioned. Moreover, the multi-subject treatment in EMBED systematically identifies subject-specific and universal abundance dynamics that are not detected by traditional approaches. Collectively, these results highlight the utility of EMBED as a versatile dimensionality reduction tool for studies of microbiome dynamics.
Elevated Serum Triglyceride Levels May be a Key Independent Predicting Factor for Gallbladder Cancer Risk in Gallbladder Stone Disease Patients: a Case-control Study
Authors: Wan Yong , Zhang Jianqin , Chen Min , Ma Mao , Sheng Binwu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Gallbladder stone diseases (GSD) is a main risk factor of gallbladder cancer (GBC). This study aimed to reveal their bridge relating to metabolic syndrome.Material/Method We summarized the clinical and experimental data of 2210 GBC patients, from 3524 Chinese patients, in our hospital from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020. The metabolic syndrome indexes, influencing factors for both GBC and GSD, were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression in this case-control study. Result There were significant higher morbidity of GBC in the overall, GSD and non-GSD with hypertriglyceridemia patients versus non-hypertriglyceridemia ones (P<0.001, all). In GSD patients, univariate regression showed significantly positive correlation between serum triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), fasting insulin (FINS) levels, Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), female being, body mass index, hypertriglyceridemia and hazard of GBC with GSD (P<0.001, all), while significantly negative correlation to systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), hypertension and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P<0.05, all); multivariate regression showed that serum triglyceride, was the most significantly positive associated to GBC (P<0.001, all) among the hazard factors including serum triglyceride, LDL-c levels, HOMA-IR, female being. In non-GSD ones, multivariate regression showed that HOMA-IR was the most significantly positive associated to GBC among the hazard factors including serum TG, LDL-c levels, HOMA-IR, female being, hypertriglyceridemia, while DM had a significantly inversion negative association (P<0.001). Conclusion We found initially that elevated serum TG levels could be the most remarkable independent predicting factor of GBC risk with GSD, while insulin resistance might act as the first one in non-GSD. More importantly, we advocated initially the sharp rise of serum TG levels as the potential of a candidate diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of GBC with GSD.
Entropy generation and heat transport in Carreau nanofluids flow within a converging/diverging enclosure
Authors: Hashim Hashim , Rehman Sohail 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The entropy production by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transport of non-Newtonian Carreau nanofluids through an irregular (converging/diverging) channel is addressed in this theoretical study. The second law of thermodynamics is employed to examine fluid flow, heat, and mass transport characteristics along with entropy generation arising within the system by incorporating the Buongiorno model for nanofluids. The Carreau nanofluids flowing across narrow and extending channels are modeled using the basic transport equations of continuity, momentum, energy, concentration, and entropy generation. Here, individual terms from the entropy transport equation are employed to study entropy accumulation and dissipation together within a flow. The transmuted equations are resolved via the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg technique and shooting quadrature in MATLAB software. The flow velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy generation rate, and Bejan profiles are evaluated and sketched graphically at various flow parameters. It's worth mentioning that the system's entropy generation grows along the diverse channel walls. Moreover, another important outcome of this analysis is that the rate of entropy formation increases as the Brinkmann number is estimated higher. This research could have substantial implications in high-temperature electronic devices, mechanical structures, heat exchangers, medical treatment, to mention a few.
Immunochromatography Versus Microscopy For Diagnosis Of Amoebiasis In Sohag, Egypt
Authors: El-Mawgood  , Ahmed Amal Mostafa Ahmed , Hashem Khoulood Zakaria Hashem , Ellah Asmaa kamal Abd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Amoebiasis; a parasitic infection caused by E histolytica protozoon, is still a major public health in developing countries. Delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to fatality. So, rapid and accurate diagnosis plays a critical role in patient’s management. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immunochromatographic test (ICT) using RIDA®QUICK Entamoeba test compared with traditional microscopic examination as gold standard for the diagnosis of E histolytica /dispar infection. A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients complaining of dysentery or diarrhea with an age range of 3-62 years, attending Sohag University Hospitals and Endemic Diseases Hospital. All stool samples were examined by direct wet smears, formalin ethyl acetate concentration techniques, staining of the smears using Wiegert’s iron hematoxylin and Modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Copro-antigen detection in stool sample was by using RIDA®QUICK Entamoeba test. Microscopic examination revealed 43 out of 100 patients (43%) were positives for E histolytica/dispar. The infection was significantly associated with residence (P value < 0.036) and family size (P value < 0.03) but not associated with gender (P value < 0.471) and age (P value < 0.344). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Rida®Quick Entamoeba tests were 97.67%, 96.49%, 95.45% and 98.21% respectively with an accuracy of 97%. There was no cross-reactivity with other intestinal parasites.Conclusion: Rida® Quick Entamoeba test is a simple, rapid, convenient, sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis amebiasis and is therefore very suitable for large-scale field applications.
Construction of Drought Stress Regulation Networks in Potato Based on SMRT and RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Jian Hongju , Sun Haonan , Liu Rongrong , Zhang Wenzhe , Shang Lina , Wang Jichun , Khassanov Vadim , Lyu Dianqiu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth most important food crop in the world and plays an important role in food security. However, drought stress has a significantly negative impact on potato growth and production. Little information about the coordinated response in potato to drought stress has been obtained. The purpose of our research is to fully analyze the potato's response to drought stress.Results: In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology were used to study the transcription profiles in potato in response to drought stress. The leaves of the variety “Desiree” at the seedling stage after drought stress at six time points from 0 to 48 hours were used to perform NGS and SMRT sequencing. According to the sequencing data, a total of 12,798 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in six time points. The real-time (RT)-PCR results are significantly correlated with the sequencing data, confirming the accuracy of the sequencing data. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis show that these DEGs participate in response to drought stress through galactose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, glutathione metabolism and other pathways. Through the analysis of alternative splicing of 66,888 transcripts, the functional pathways of these transcripts were enriched, and 51,098 transcripts were newly discovered from alternative splicing events and 47,994 transcripts were functionally annotated. Moreover, 3,445 lncRNAs were predicted and enrichment analysis of corresponding target genes was also performed. Additionally, Alternative polyadenylation was analyzed by TADIS, and 26,153 poly (A) sites from 13,010 genes were detected in the Iso-Seq data. Conclusion: Our research greatly enhanced potato drought-induced gene annotations and provides transcriptome-wide insights into the molecular basis of potato drought resistance.