bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the compactification and reformation of string theory with three large atomic gravitational constants
Authors: V.S. Seshavatharam U. , Lakshminarayana S. 
Published: January 2022

Scientists strongly believe that, String theory is empowered with good mathematics and smartly fits gravity in unification program. Point to be noted is that, by considering the Planck length as characteristic amplitude associated with strings, String theory advances its ideological representation. Very unfortunate thing is that, even though, originally, String theory was proposed for understanding â€˜strong interactionâ€™, as Planck length is 20 orders of magnitude less than the nuclear size, it is badly failing in explaining and predicting nuclear scale physical phenomena. Here, we would like to stress the point that, within the scope of observed materialistic physical systems, without addressing the roots of H-Bar and big G, it is impossible to construct a workable model of final unification. In this context, in our earlier publications, we proposed the existence of three large gravitational constants for the three atomic interactions. Based on the three large atomic gravitational constants, it is possible to have three different workable atomic Planck amplitudes and thus there is a possibility for reforming and compactifying the 10 dimensional String theory to 3+1 dimensions. Proceeding further, H-bar can be shown to be a characteristic outcome of the electroweak interaction and big G can be shown to be a characteristic outcome of the three atomic gravitational constants.Â Â Â
Optical 1-soliton solutions of Triki-Biswas equation by the First Integral Method and the sine-cosine Method
Authors: Subhaschandra Singh S. 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the First Integral Method and the Sine-Cosine Method are being used in constructing optical 1-soliton solutions of Triki-Biswas Equation that plays a vital role in the study of soliton dynamics of sub-pico-second optical pulses in mono-mode optical fibers with non-Kerr law nonlinearity and subsequently some soliton and non-soliton solutions are formally obtained.Â Â
Seasonal rainfall variability and its correlation with potential drivers over Western Oromia
Authors: Ayele Alandu Kefiyalew , Terefe Zeleke Tadesse , Asfaw Afrassa Mesfin 
Published: January 2022

Characterizing seasonal rainfall and identifying its association with the climate drivers are important to produce reliable seasonal climate forecasts of a given area. This study examined the rainfall variability and its relationships with SST, SLP and sunspot indices by statistical methods over Western Oromia. The regional is characterized by monomodal pattern of 60% seasonal rainfall contribution in Kiremt season. High temporal anomaly rainfall but no extremes were observed from 1981-2017. An insignificant decreasing Kiremt and Belg but, an increasing Bega trend was observed. ENSO and PDO/ DMI and AMO showed negative/ positive correlation with kiremt rainfall. ENSO, DMI and AMO showed positive correlation for belg rainfall whereas, PDO showed associated negatively for the most parts of the region. PSI to kiremt/Belg rainfall correlation showed significant positive/Negative spatial association over the western part (West Wolega and Illubabor) / the East part (Jimma & East wollega) of the region. The results showed that there is decreasing trends in rainfall anomalies for main rainy seasons of region and good correlations these various indices. Therefore, it is suggested that seasonal climate predictions may consider these large-scale determinants oscillation indices like AMO and PDO in predicting climatic events.Â Â
Neural oscillations under binocular rivalry: a brain activity pattern formation perspective
Authors: D. Frank T. , I. Galenko P. 
Published: January 2022

Binocular rivalry is a phenomenon in which individuals react to two overlaid images that are presented to both eyes of the individuals as if the two images were presented one after each other in time in a repetitive fashion. Recently, human brain activity has been measured during binocular rivalry. Previously reported brain activity data was evaluated and modeled from a human pattern formation perspective that states that the human brain in binocular rivalry experiments acts as a neural self-oscillator. The neural self-oscillator forms and dissolves brain activity patterns related to the two images in an alternating, rhythmic self-organized fashion. Task-related oscillatory components hidden in the brain activity raw data were identified using power spectral analysis. Those oscillatory components were subsequently modelled using a previously developed mathematical model for brain activity self-oscillations. The identified task-related oscillatory components showed similar power spectrum functions for both brain activity patterns. A reciprocal relationship between the amplitudes of the two patterns was found. The oscillator model was able to reproduce the power spectrum functions when noisy perturbations were taken into account.Â Â
Squeezing properties of nondegenerate three-level laser with degenerate parametric amplifier
Authors: Getahun Misrak , Salih Edris 
Published: January 2022

We study the squeezing properties of the light generated by nondegenerate three-level laser in which the three-level atoms are in cascade configuration with degenerate parametric oscillator. We obtain the c-number Langevin equations associated with the normal ordering using the pertinent master equation. Making use of the solutions of the c-number Langevin equations, we calculate the quadrature variances. The results show that the two-mode light produced by the system under consideration is in squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. The degree of squeezing increase with the linear gain coefficient and almost perfect squeezing can be obtained for large values of the linear gain coefficient and the atoms initially prepared in lower level slightly greater than in the upper level. Moreover, the presence of nonlinear crystal increases the degree of squeezing for single mode and two-mode lights.Â Â Â
The strong geometric lemma for intrinsic Lipschitz graphs in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Chousionis Vasileios , Li Sean , Young Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show that the β-numbers of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs of Heisenberg groupsℍn{\mathbb{H}_{n}}are locally Carleson integrable whenn≥2{n\geq 2}. Our main bound uses a novel slicing argument to decompose intrinsic Lipschitz graphs into graphs of Lipschitz functions. A key ingredient in our proof is a Euclidean inequality that bounds the β-numbers of the original graph in terms of the β-numbers of many families of slices. This allows us to use recent work of Fässler and Orponen (2020) which asserts that Lipschitz functions satisfy a Dorronsoro inequality.
Perturbation analysis of 𝐿1‒2 method for robust sparse recovery
Authors: Wang Wendong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the crucial challenges in applying the theory of compressed sensing in practice is to cope with the perturbation caused by different types of unknown noise, which may arise from the physical implementation or the human mis-modeling.
In this paper, we study the robust recovery from a completely perturbed model via a recently popular

L

1
-
2

L_{1-2}

method.
By using the powerful restricted isometry constant of order

t
⁢
k

tk

for

t
>
1

t>1

, we first obtain a series of perturbation analysis results for this

L

1
-
2

L_{1-2}

method, which shows that this method is also able to guarantee a robust recovery for any (nearly) sparse signals when both the ideal observations and the exact measurement matrix are perturbed by the unknown noise.
Moreover, one of the established recovery conditions under the noise-free settings is also demonstrated to be much better than the state-of-the-art one.
Finally, some simulation experiments are further carried out to verify the effectiveness of this

L

1
-
2

L_{1-2}

method.
The Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Some Normative Concerns
Authors: Erman Eva , Furendal Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe creation of increasingly complex artificial intelligence (AI) systems raises urgent questions about their ethical and social impact on society. Since this impact ultimately depends on political decisions about normative issues, political philosophers can make valuable contributions by addressing such questions. Currently, AI development and application are to a large extent regulated through non-binding ethics guidelines penned by transnational entities. Assuming that the global governance of AI should be at least minimally democratic and fair, this paper sets out three desiderata that an account should satisfy when theorizing about what this means. We argue, first, that an analysis of democratic values, political entities and decision-making should be done in a holistic way; second, that fairness is not only about how AI systems treat individuals, but also about how the benefits and burdens of transformative AI are distributed; and finally, that justice requires that governance mechanisms are not limited to AI technology, but are incorporated into a range of basic institutions. Thus, rather than offering a substantive theory of democratic and fair AI governance, our contribution is metatheoretical: we propose a theoretical framework that sets up certain normative boundary conditions for a satisfactory account.
Targeting Neurons with Functional Oxytocin Receptors: A Novel Set of Simple Knock-In Mouse Lines for Oxytocin Receptor Visualization and Manipulation
Authors: Inoue Yukiko U. , Miwa Hideki , Hori Kei , Kaneko Ryosuke , Morimoto Yuki , Koike Eriko , Asami Junko , Kamijo Satoshi , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Hoshino Mikio , Inoue Takayoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe neuropeptide oxytocin (Oxt) plays important roles in modulating social behaviors. Oxt receptor (Oxtr) is abundantly expressed in the brain and its relationship to socio-behavioral controls has been extensively studied using mouse brains. Several genetic tools to visualize and/or manipulate Oxtr-expressing cells, such as fluorescent reporters and Cre recombinase drivers, have been generated by ES-cell based gene targeting or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis. However, these mouse lines displayed some differences in their Oxtr expression profiles probably because of the complex context and integrity of their genomic configurations in each line. Here, we apply our sophisticated genome-editing techniques to theOxtrlocus, systematically generating a series of knock-in mouse lines, in which its endogenous transcriptional regulations are intactly preserved and evaluate their expression profiles to ensure the reliability of our new tools. We employ the epitope tagging strategy, with which C-terminally fused tags can be detected by highly specific antibodies, to successfully visualize the Oxtr protein distribution on the neural membrane with super-resolution imaging for the first time. By using T2A self-cleaving peptide sequences, we also induce proper expressions of tdTomato reporter, codon-improved Cre recombinase (iCre), and spatiotemporally inducible Cre-ERT2 in Oxtr-expressing neurons. Electrophysiological recordings from tdTomato-positive cells in the reporter mice support the validity of our tool design. Retro-orbital injections of AAV-PHP.eB vector into the Cre line further enabled visualization of recombinase activities in the appropriate brain regions. Moreover, the first-time Cre-ERT2 line drives Cre-mediated recombination in a spatiotemporally controlled manner on tamoxifen (TMX) administration. These tools thus provide an excellent resource for future functional studies in Oxt-responsive neurons and should prove of broad interest in the field.
Music and the Cybernetic Mundane
Authors: Drott Eric 
Published: January 2022

Few intellectual movements have been as influential as cybernetics was in the 1950s and ’60s. Fewer still have seen their stock fall so precipitously in the years since. Despite the growing body of literature that has reassessed this postwar “cybernetics moment” (Hayles, Kline, Pickering, Medina, et al.), its far-reaching impact remains curiously underappreciated, especially as regards music. This article seeks to redress this neglect, by focusing not on works and practices that spectacularize cybernetics (the “cybernetic sublime”), but instead on those activities, discourses, and projects that so thoroughly internalized and normalized the cybernetic ethos that it eludes notice (the “cybernetic mundane”). A first case study considers the little-known role played by information theory and cybernetics in the design of the RCA Synthesizer, one of the first instruments of its ilk to be developed. Among other things, I contend that cybernetic thinking pervaded the instrument’s conception to such an extent that it paradoxically contributed to the subsequent erasure of its influence from accounts of the instrument’s development and subsequent implementation as part of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center. The second case concerns more recent applications of cybernetic ideals to digital music distribution, exemplified by the platform Spotify, whose routinization of these ideals has ensured not just their persistence, but their persistent misrecognition.
Biodisponibilidad de fósforo en alimentos y su efecto en la enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Martínez Hernández Eduardo , De La Luz Maya Rodolfo A. , Ramírez Robledo María De Los Á. , Núñez-Murillo Gabriela K. , Orozco González Claudia Nelly 
Published: January 2022

Introducción: el objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en reconocer la importancia de las investigaciones que relacionan la biodisponibilidad de fósforo en diferentes grupos de alimentos de origen animal, vegetal e industrial y su efecto en la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Metodología: la revisión se sustentó en la búsqueda literaria en páginas web como PUBMED, Redalyc, SciELO, SCIHUB y Google Academic. Se seleccionó cada estudio, descartando aquellos que no fueran cuantitativos u originales, estuvieran incompletos, sin metodología clara, realizados en mamíferos o si los resultados no se especificaban en porcentajes. La lectura puso especial énfasis en el índice de biodisponibilidad de fósforo derivado del consumo de distintos productos alimenticios. Se elaboraron tres matrices de acuerdo con el origen del comestible y la biodisponibilidad de fósforo que absorbe el organismo. Resultados: se encontró que los alimentos industrializados y los aditivos muestran una biodisponibilidad de fósforo del 90 % al 100 %, los de origen animal del 40 % al 80 % y los de origen vegetal del 30 %. Conclusiones: los aditivos de los alimentos industrializados promueven la hiperfosfatemia y, con ello, aceleran la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica, a diferencia de los de origen animal y vegetal, menos perjudiciales para la salud. Esto da pauta a la formación del sector salud para ampliar su conocimiento sobre el tratamiento nutricional del paciente.
Estimación del gasto energético y tiempo dedicado a la actividad física en escolares costarricenses con sobrepeso u obesidad por medio del acelerómetro Actiheart
Authors: Zamora Salas Juan Diego , Laclé Murray Adriana 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: determinar el gasto energético y el tiempo dedicado a actividad física en condición de vida libre de escolares costarricenses con sobrepeso u obesidad. Metodología: participaron 31 niños y 13 niñas entre 6 y 9 años (7.6 ± 1.03 años) con sobrepeso u obesidad, estado nutricional que se estableció según el IMC. Las variables del estudio fueron la antropometría, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC), el gasto energético total producto de la actividad física a lo largo del día (GEAF total diario), el gasto energético por actividad física (GEAF) y el tiempo dedicado a la actividad física (TAF), las dos últimas se estimaron según condición sedentaria, ligera, moderada o vigorosa, por medio del acelerómetro Actiheart. Resultados: la talla y el %GC fueron significativamente mayores en las niñas (126.8 ± 5.9 cm, 34.0 ± 6.4 %GC) que en los niños (123.0 ± 5.4 cm, 25.2 ± 6.9 %GC). Los niños registraron un GEAF total diario de 824 ± 228.1 kcal/day, GEAF moderada + vigorosa de 285.6 ± 131.7 kcal/day y un TAF moderada + vigorosa de 147.0 ± 66.6 min, valores superiores (p<0.05) a los de las niñas 395 ± 144.4 kcal/day, 139.6 ± 90.1 kcal/day y 75.6 ± 43.2 min, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los escolares cumplen más de los 60 min/día recomendados de TAF de moderada a vigorosa intensidad, sin embargo, el GEAF de moderada a vigorosa intensidad no alcanza el mínimo de 300 kcal/día para la reducción de peso, lo cual podría ser una de las causas del sobrepeso.
Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen concentrations in an elderly population representative of Costa Rica
Authors: Une Clas , Malespín Bendaña Wendy , Ramírez-Mayorga Vanessa , Rosero Bixby Luis , Sierra Ramos Rafaela 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Costa Rica has among the highest mortality rates from gastric cancer in the world, largely due to late detection. It is therefore important that economically and logistically sustainable screening is implemented in order to detect risk of developing cancer. We have previously shown that low pepsinogen (PG) values and infection with Helicobacter pylori-CagA+ are associated with risk of gastric atrophy and cancer in Costa Rican populations. OBJECTIVES: To determine how markers for gastric cancer risk are distributed in an elderly population representative of Costa Rica in order to design a screening strategy. METHODS: The population studied consists of 2,652 participants in a nationally representative survey of ageing. Information concerning epidemiologic, demographic, nutritional and life style factors is available. Serum PG concentrations as well as H. pylori and CagA status were determined by serology. Possible associations were determined by regression analyses. RESULTS: Antibodies to H. pylori were present in 72% of the population and of those, 58% were CagA positive. Infection with H. pylori was associated with higher PGI concentrations (p=0.000) and infection with H. pylori-CagA+ with lower PGI concentrations (p=0.025). Both showed association with lower PGI/PGII (p=0.006 and p=0.000). Higher age was associated with lower prevalence of H. pylori infection (OR=0.98; p=0.000) and CagA+ (OR=0.98; p=0.000) but not with PG values. Regions with high risk of gastric cancer showed lower PGI (p=0.004) and PGI/PGII values (p=0.021) as well as higher prevalence of H. pylori infection (OR=1.39; p=0.013) but not CagA+. Using cut-off values of PGI<100 µg/L and PGI/PGII<2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, 7-15% of the population would be considered at risk. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori alone is not a useful marker for risk of gastric cancer. Screening using serum pepsinogen concentrations and infection with H. pylori-CagA+ is feasible in the general elderly population of Costa Rica but appropriate cut-off values have to be determined based on more clinical data and follow up capacity.
Caracterización morfogénica de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) para su propagación
Authors: Villegas Ramírez Juan , Palma Zúñiga Tomás 
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) es una orquídea que se cultiva comercialmente para la producción de vainillina, una sustancia saborizante que se emplea principalmente en la industria alimenticia y como cosmético. Aunque la demanda ha motivado su cultivo, hay poca disponibilidad de semilla vigorosa y libre de enfermedades lo cual ha sido una limitante. Se ha demostrado que los sistemas de inmersión temporal son eficientes. Para la micropropagación masiva de la vainilla, aún no se han establecido estudios de tiempo, frecuencia de inmersión y volumen óptimo en la proliferación de brotes en Biorreactores de Inmersión Temporal (BIT) y además se desconoce una ruta morfogénica que garantice la estabilidad genética y la optimización durante el proceso de micropropagación. Objetivo. Caracterización morfogénica de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) en un BIT. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron 3 experimentos, cada uno con 3 tratamientos. Para el primer experimento, se consideraron tiempos de 5, 10 y 15 min para los tratamientos, en el segundo se evaluaron 3 frecuencias en tiempos de 6, 12 y 18 horas y en el tercero se consideraron 20, 30 y 40 ml/explante como volumen de medio de cultivo. Para los diferentes tratamientos se utilizaron 5 repeticiones, con una unidad experimental de 10 explantes y segmentos de tallo con 3 yemas axilares. El medio de cultivo consistió en las sales de Murashige Skoog (MS) suplementado con 1 mg.L-1 de BA y 1 g.L-1 de caseína. El fotoperiodo se ajustó a 16 horas luz, con una temperatura de 27°C±3 y una humedad relativa de 80% Resultados. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) respecto a los tiempos evaluados, frecuencia de inmersión y el volumen por explante. Se determinó como mejor tiempo de inmersión un periodo de 15 minutos, 6 horas como frecuencia de inmersión y 40 ml como volumen de medio por explante. Al comparar la respuesta de desarrollo, el sistema BIT superó al medio semisólido 1,8 veces en el número de brotes y 4 veces en el incremento de peso fresco. También con BIT se obtuvieron 36 brotes por explante mientras que en el sistema de cultivo en medio semisólido, se obtuvieron 20 brotes por explante. Conclusiones. Mediante el empleo del sistema BIT, se optimizó el mecanismo de micropropagación de V. planifolia comparado con el medio de cultivo semisólido en la ruta organogénica directa, lo cual fue demostrado con la formación de brotes preformados y brotes adventicios.
Estudio preliminar de especies de Fusarium presentes en piña (Ananas comosus) en Costa Rica
Authors: Blanco Meneses Mónica , Castro Zúñiga Oscar , Umaña Rojas Gerardina 
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La piña es el segundo cultivo de mayor importancia en Costa Rica, luego del banano. Se destaca la variedad Golden MD-2 como la de mayor demanda en Estados Unidos y Europa. En el 2019 el área de cultivo fue de 40 000 ha distribuidas en las zonas Norte, Atlántica y Pacífico. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia del patógeno Fusarium guttiforme, e identificar y caracterizar las especies de este género, presentes en el cultivo de piña en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 215 plantas y 20 frutos de diferentes regiones de Costa Rica en el periodo identificado 2015-2019 para un total de 38 175 ha del área sembrada de piña mediante un muestreo dirigido a síntomas relacionados a la “muerte descendente de piña”. Para la caracterización morfológica se realizaron observaciones del color del micelio, detalles de estructuras como macro y microconidios, clamidósporas y células conidiógenas en muestras previamente identificadas por medios moleculares. La identificación molecular se realizó a partir de 120 aislamientos con los marcadores moleculares ITS y TEF-1α. Resultados. No se detectó F. guttiforme en plantaciones de piña en el período comprendido entre 2015-2019. Se identificaron 6 especies, Fusarium ananatum, F. oxysporum, F. concolor, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum y F. solani cuyo número de accesión en el National Center of Biotechnology Information se adjunta en el presente artículo. Las especies F. ananatum, F. oxysporum y F. proliferatum han sido previamente descritas como patogénicas en piña. La presencia de F. ananatum en un 95% de los frutos recolectados, se relacionó con la enfermedad “pudrición del centro del frutículo”. F. proliferatum es generador de micotoxinas, lo cual podría representar un peligro para la salud animal y humana. Las otras especies no han sido reportadas en piña anteriormente. Conclusión. No se constató la presencia del patógeno F. guttiforme, aunque si se identificaron las especies de este género, presentes en el cultivo de piña en Costa Rica.