bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التكييف الفقهي لبيع الحسابات الشخصية في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي؛ حساب الفيسبوك أنموذجاً
Authors: عثمان سعدية , الرفاعي حسن 
Published: January 2022

دخلت عقود المعاملات المالية اليوم إلى عالم الفضاء الإلكتروني بشكل عام، ووسائل التواصل الاجتماعي بشكل خاص، والتي أسهمت في إكساب الشهرة لبعض أصحابها، مما دفع بعض الشركات إلى الطلب من بعض أصحاب تلك الحسابات كي يقوموا بترويج السلع لها. وقد أوجد ذلك حافزاً لدى فئة من أصحاب تلك الحسابات لعرض حساباتهم الشخصية للبيع على من يرغب.
وعليه؛ فقد جاء هذا البحث لبيان التكييف الفقهي لبيع تلك الحسابات الشخصية في منصة فيسبوك، وذلك من خلال اتباع المنهج الوصفي، والاستقرائي، والتحليلي، والاستنباطي. وتضمن مبحثين اثنين، تناول الأول تعريف بيع الحسابات الشخصية في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي من الناحية الفقهية، واحتوى الآخر على التكييف الفقهي لبيع الحسابات الشخصية في منصة فيسبوك متوصلاً بذلك إلى التكييف الفقهي للعلاقات التعاقدية بين أطراف العلاقة الممثلة بمنصة فيسبوك وصاحب الحساب والمشتري:

فالعلاقة بين فيسبوك وصاحب الحساب في المنصة كُيّفَت على أساس أنها عقد إعارة.
والعلاقة بين صاحب الحساب والمشتري كُيّفَت على أساس أنها عقد بيع للمحتوى فقط.
والعلاقة بين فيسبوك والمشتري كُيّفَت على أساس أنها عقد إعارة.

وعليه؛ يجوز بيع الحسابات الشخصية في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي بإذن من المنصة (شركة فيسبوك مثلاً).
وإن كان هناك من توصية فيتوجه بها إلى المجامع الفقهية في العالم الإسلامي لبيان الأحكام الفقهية لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي من بيع ونحوه؛ وذلك لأهميته وشيوعه.
المقارنة بين القياس العام والقياس الأصولي الخاص
Authors: الخميس حسن , خلف محمد 
Published: January 2022

إنَّ التشريع ليس معناً حرفياً يؤخذ عن طريق قواعد النحو والصرف والمفاهيم اللغوية فقط، بل إنَّ التشريع دلالات وقواعد قامت على علل وأسباب ومصالح اقتضت تشريعها فإذا رفضت هذا الأصل أدَّى ذلك بنا إلى أحد أمرين:
الأول: القول بعجز الشريعة عن استيعاب الوقائع المتجددة التي لم يرد فيها نص
الثاني: الحكم على تلك الوقائع بأصل الحلِّ العام أو الإباحة الأصلية في حين أنَّها قد تكون منطوية على علل تستوجب تحريمها وفي هذا مناقضة لمقصد الشارع وإهدار للمصالح وقضاء على حكمة التشريع وكل ذلك باطل فما يؤدي إليه باطل بالبداهة
لذا لا بد من بيان القياس بنوعيه
الأول: خاص وهو الذي يجمع فيه بين النظرين بعلة خاصة.
والثاني: عام وهو الذين يندرج تحت علة عامة بشهادة القواعد الكلية والأصول العامة، وإن لم يشهد لها نص معين فالقياس العام هو الأصول الثابتة والقواعد الكلية العامة للشريعة وانطلاقاً من ذلك لا بد من بيان أوجه الاتفاق والاختلاف بين القياس العام والقياس الخاص وما يتميز به كل واحد منهما من حيث اعتمادهما على النصوص الشرعية واعتبارهما حجة شرعية عند العلماء والمحافظة على قصد الشارع وقبول كل منهما الاستثناء والتخصيص والحاجة للاجتهاد في كليهما والاستنباط ونوعية الدلالة والثبوت وقبول النسخ والماهية والرتبة والتعارض والتأويل ومراد الشارع والتشابه ونوع الحكم والشمول ونسخه لغيره ووجود النص والحجية.
Rovatszerkesztői bevezető
Authors: Horváth László , Fűzi Beatrix 
Published: January 2022

A Pedagógusképzés folyóirat korábbi számában (18. évfolyam, 1-2. szám) jelent meg Fazekas Ágnes cikke, amely azt a kérdést feszegette, hogy van-e és mérhető-e az oktatási innováció hazánkban? A cikk részletesen bevezette az innovációk komplex világát és felvetette, hogy a tanulószervezetként működő intézmények képesek kezelni és menedzselni az újítások keletkezéséből és terjedéséből fakadó kihívásokat. Jelen számunkban K. Nagy Emese folytatja a megkezdett diskurzust, aki a Komplex Instrukciós Programot (KIP) mutatja be innovációelméleti perspektívából. A cikk jól érzékelteti az innovációk komplex adaptív rendszerként való értelmezhetőségét, rávilágít az átadás és terjesztés dinamikáira. A tanulmányban megjelenik az innováció sikerességének feltételeiként a pedagógiai kultúraváltás és a pedagógusok egyéni attitűdje is, kombinálva az egyéni és a szervezeti perspektívát.
A fentiek alapján jól látható, hogy az oktatási innovációk fejlesztésében, átvételében és terjedésében fontos szerep jut a pedagógusképzés, pedagógus továbbképzés és a folyamatos szakmai fejlődés területének is. Hogyan tudná a pedagógusképzés jobban támogatni az oktatási innovációk fejlesztésé és terjedését? Hogyan lehetne az oktatási intézményeket támogatni az innovációk átvételében, fejlesztésében és továbbadásában a továbbképzéseken, illetve a folyamatos szakmai fejlődés egyéb dimenzióinak keretében? Várjuk Olvasóink véleményét, reflexiót az írásokra és a felvetett kérdésekre!
ON THE PROBABLE VERSION OF INTERPRETATION OF THE FORTIFICATION NEAR VELYKI BUDKY VILLAGE
Authors: Korzh А. А. 
Published: January 2022

Among the regions of distribution of the settlement sites on the Forest-Steppe of Dnieper Left-Bank area in Ukraine the Sula River basin is one of the least studied meanwhile it is primarily known for its large barrow necropolises. The most famous settlement is Basivka, and others are only briefly mentioned in the professional literature. Scholars do not agree on the purpose of some fortifications. They include the protective structures near Velyki Budky village. Large area, weak cultural layer, as well as the location within the fortified site of the mound necropolis where the height of some barrows is more than six meters, do not speak in favor of the settlement in the classical sense. Also the immediate vicinity of 2 km to the largest site in the region — Basivka settlement which existed since the end of the 6th century BC to the beginning of the 3rd century BC may supplement the above statement.
This paper reveals the problem of the fortification interpretation near Velyki Budky village. Favorable topographic location on the cape of the Sula River right-bank which is formed by the confluence of the Khmelivka River gives additional natural protection and shows the strategic importance of the site. Overview of the plain area where the danger was most probable reaches 5—6 km. The author of the paper defends the position of certain «outpost» which protected the path to the weakest point of the Basivka settlement. Therefore, in his opinion, these sites should be considered the single system of fortifications.
ON THE STUDY OF ACADEMIC SCHOOL OF V. O. GORODTSOV: THE CORRESPONDENCE OF O. I. TERENOZHKIN WITH HIS TEACHER
Authors: Kuzminykh S. V. , Sayenko V. M. 
Published: January 2022

The correspondence of Vasyl Oleksiyovych Gorodtsov (1860—1945) and Oleksiy Ivanovich Terenozhkin (1907—1981), the iconic persons for Russian and Ukrainian archaeology, is attractive first of all as the dialog between the Teacher and the disciple. Eight letters of Terenozhkin are kept in archive collection of Gorodtsov in the Department of written sources of the State Historical Museum, two letters of Gorodtsov are present in the private archive of Terenozhkin. That communication was not long-lasting, only during years of 1939—1942, though the letters of those years elucidate some of previously unknown facts and events of episodes and affairs of the scientific activity of Terenozhkin and intricacies of his fate, in particular, in Uzbekistan. The letters dated by the years of 1939—1941 are related to the period of Terenozhkin’s search of his scientific mission and destiny and the beginning of his working in Uzbekistan: the transfer to Tashkent, energetic start of the archeological and teaching activities. In these letters he was eager to share with Gorodtsov the first results of the exploration in the zone of construction of Big canal of Tashkent and in Ak-Tepe hillfort, to acquaint the Teacher with the treasure of Chimbailyk and to ask an advise regarding its chronology. The letters dated by the years of 1941—1942 were written when Terenozhkin participated in World War II combat but their major subjects were the same: the archeology, the thoughts about the adoring science and the hope to meet the teacher in the future. The letters of Gorodtsov were imbued with the amiability and sincere interest to the work of his disciple in Central Asia. He emphasized the importance of the newest archeological findings in Turkenstan, shared the news about the work progress of the second volume of «Archeology». So the published correspondence covers the veil in the relations and the dialog between the Teacher and his disciple.
Peran Penjas Dalam Implementasi Program Full Day School (FDS) Dilihat Dari Tingkat Kehadiran dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Santoso Januar , Julianur  , Bayu Utomo Andy Widhiya 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat peranan mata pelajaran penjas terhadap implementasi program full FDS terkait tingkat kebugaran jasmani yang berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan, tingkat kehadiran siswa, dan prestasi belajar. Hasil penelitian setelah melewati analisis data menggunakan rumus produk momen menunjukkan beberapa poin penting bahwa: (1) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebugaran jasmani dengan tingkat kehadiran siswa dengan ????ℎ???????????????????? (0,424) > ????????????????????????(0,312); (2) Tingkat kehadiran signifikan mempengaruhi prestasi akademik dengan hasil perhitungan ????ℎ????????????????????(0,350) > ????????????????????????(0,312). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebugaran jasmani anak umur 10-12 tahun di SDM 4 Terpadu pada kategori “KURANG”. Kebugaran jasmani memberikan konstribusi positif terhadap tingkat kehadiran siswa dan kelancaran program FDS, kemudian tingkat kehadiran siswa berkorelasi positif terhadap prestasi akademik. Pencapaian prestasi akademik dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor internal maupun eksternal seperti kondisi kesehatan siswa, kemampuan kognitif, motivasi, fasilitas, metode pembelajaran dan manajemen waktu bermain serta belajar.
Pengaruh Bahan Ajar Video Tutorial Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pada Pembelajaran Online di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ida Bagus Ardhi Putra  , I Putu Gede Sutrisna  
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah Pengenalan Teknologi Informasi antara kelas yang menggunakan bahan ajar video tutorial dan kelas yang menggunakan bahan ajar modul, (2) peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa akibat penggunaan bahan ajar video tutorial. Penelitian kuasi eksperimen ini menggunakan dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimen yang menggunakan bahan ajar video tutorial dan kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan bahan ajar modul. Kedua kelas berlangsung secara online menggunakan Google Classroom. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa Semester II Program Studi D-IV Keperawatan Anestesiologi di ITEKES Bali yang menempuh mata kuliah Pengenalan Teknologi Informasi. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 80 mahasiswa terbagi atas 40 mahasiswa kelompok kontrol dan 40 mahasiswa kelompok eksperimen. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes soal pilihan ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar mahasiswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar video tutorial dan mahasiswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar modul, (2) ada peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa yang signifikan akibat penggunaan bahan ajar video tutorial.
A Novel Approach for Developing Efficient and Convenient Short Assessments to Approximate a Long Assessment
Authors: Sun Yuan Hong , Luo Hong , Lee Kang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a novel Long to Short approach that uses machine learning to develop efficient and convenient short assessments to approximate a long assessment. This approach is applicable to any assessments used to assess people’s behaviors, opinions, attitudes, mental and physical states, traits, aptitudes, abilities, and mastery of a subject matter. We demonstrated the Long to Short approach on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) for assessing anxiety levels in adults. We first obtained data for the original assessment from a large sample of participants. We then derived the total scores from participants’ responses to all items of the long assessment as the ground truths. Next, we used feature selection techniques to select participants’ responses to a subset of items of the long assessment to predict the ground truths accurately. We then trained machine learning models that uses the minimal number of items needed to achieve the prediction accuracy similar to that when the responses to all items of the whole long assessment are used. We generated all possible combinations of minimal number of items to create multiple short assessments of similar predictive accuracies for use if the short assessment is to be done repeatedly. Finally, we implemented the short anxiety assessments in a web application for convenient use with any future participant of the assessment.
Perspectives on UK Care Quality Commission’s Inspections of Primary Care Practices
Authors: Sidhu Kamal , Tumurugoti Kalindi , Bhatti Naureen , Hussein Abrar , Chakravorty Indranil 
Published: January 2022

Background
In the middle of a pandemic, when the health and social care services were experiencing their worst challenges and staff were facing burnout, the feedback from primary care professionals raised concerns on the UK Care Quality Commission’s inspection regime and specially on its effectiveness, impact on services and particularly relating to its equality, diversity and inclusion aspects.
Methods
An online anonymised survey was carried out in July 2021 and received 130 responses, the majority from the GP partners but also locum and sessional colleagues as well as other members of the
general practice team.
Results
About 80% of respondents reported having a good rating or an outstanding rating. But fewer than 20% of the participants felt that their experience of the CQC inspections was positive. More than 85% of respondents feel that the inspections did not add value to the clinical care or prevent harm. 80% felt that the inspections were not fair, transparent, objective, or replicable and found these to be traumatic rather than being a positive or constructive experience. More than 50% felt that Practices led by Black and AsianGPs small practices and those inner city, and rural practices in areas of deprivation receive disproportionately poorer outcomes. Three in four respondents felt that the inspections were intense and took staff away from direct clinical care. Almost 86% of respondents felt that the inspectors demonstrated insights into the systemic challenges faced by primary care. About half of the respondents did not feel supported by the LMCs and/or their CCG.
Discussion & Conclusion
The findings demonstrated that the inspections were not considered to be effective or constructive and took the general practice team away from patient care. Of particular concern was that perception that the system was unfair and discriminatory for Black and Asian GPs small practices and those in inner city or rural locations with multiple deprivation. The authors urge the CQC to ensure that the profession is supported and that any inspection process is fair, non-discriminatory and improves patient care.
The Transformative Journey of HD 93521
Authors: Gies Douglas R. , Shepard Katherine , Wysocki Peter , Klement Robert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
HD 93521 is a massive, rapidly rotating star that is located about 1 kpc above the Galactic disk, and the evolutionary age for its estimated mass is much less than the time of flight if it was ejected from the disk. Here we present a reassessment of both the evolutionary and kinematical timescales for HD 93521. We calculate a time of flight of 39 ± 3 Myr based upon the distance and proper motions from Gaia EDR3 and a summary of radial velocity measurements. We then determine the stellar luminosity using a rotational model combined with the observed spectral energy distribution and distance. A comparison with evolutionary tracks for rotating stars from Brott et al. yields an evolutionary age of about 5 ± 2 Myr. We propose that the solution to the timescale discrepancy is that HD 93521 is a stellar merger product. It was probably ejected from the Galactic disk as a close binary system of lower-mass stars that eventually merged to create the rapidly rotating and single massive star we observe today.
Autodifferentiable Spectrum Model for High-dispersion Characterization of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
Authors: Kawahara Hajime , Kawashima Yui , Masuda Kento , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Pannier Erwan , van den Bekerom Dirk 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present an autodifferentiable spectral modeling of exoplanets and brown dwarfs. This model enables a fully Bayesian inference of the high-dispersion data to fit the ab initio line-by-line spectral computation to the observed spectrum by combining it with the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo in recent probabilistic programming languages. An open-source code, ExoJAX (https://github.com/HajimeKawahara/exojax), developed in this study, was written in Python using the GPU/TPU compatible package for automatic differentiation and accelerated linear algebra, JAX. We validated the model by comparing it with existing opacity calculators and a radiative transfer code and found reasonable agreements for the output. As a demonstration, we analyzed the high-dispersion spectrum of a nearby brown dwarf, Luhman 16 A, and found that a model including water, carbon monoxide, and H2/He collision-induced absorption was well fitted to the observed spectrum (R = 105 and 2.28–2.30 μm). As a result, we found that

T

0

=

1295

−
32

+
35

K at 1 bar and C/O = 0.62 ± 0.03, which is slightly higher than the solar value. This work demonstrates the potential of a full Bayesian analysis of brown dwarfs and exoplanets as observed by high-dispersion spectrographs and also directly imaged exoplanets as observed by high-dispersion coronagraphy.
The Asteroid 162173 Ryugu: a Cometary Origin
Authors: Miura Hitoshi , Nakamura Eizo , Kunihiro Tak 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Japanese Hayabusa2 mission has revealed in detail the physical characteristics of the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu, in particular, its spinning top-shaped rubble-pile structure and potentially high organic content. A widely accepted formation scenario for Ryugu is catastrophic collision between larger asteroids and the subsequent slow gravitational accumulation of collisional debris. An alternative scenario is that Ryugu is an extinct comet that lost its icy components. Here, we numerically simulated the sublimation of water ice from a porous cometary nucleus until the refractory components, such as silicate rocks and organic matter, were left behind as evaporative residues. Such a process represents the transformation from a comet to an asteroid. The spin-up related to the shrinking nucleus, associated with water ice sublimation, was also calculated. The result of the calculation indicates that the cometary origin scenario can account for all the features of Ryugu discussed above. We conclude that organic-rich spinning top-shaped rubble-pile asteroids, such as Ryugu, are comet–asteroid transition objects or extinct comets.
A Novel Non–Mammalian-Specific HERC7 Negatively Regulates IFN Response through Degrading RLR Signaling Factors
Authors: Li Yi-Lin , Gong Xiu-Ying , Qu Zi-Ling , Zhao Xiang , Dan Cheng , Gui Jian-Fang , Zhang Yi-Bing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The small HERC family currently comprises four members (HERC3–6) involved in the regulation of various physiological activities. Little is known about the role of HERCs in IFN response. In this study, we identify a novel fish HERC member, named crucian carp HERC7, as a negative regulator of fish IFN response. Genome-wide search of homologs and comprehensive phylogenetic analyses reveal that the small HERC family, apart from HERC3–6 that have been well-characterized in mammals, contains a novel HERC7 subfamily exclusively in nonmammalian vertebrates. Lineage-specific and even species-specific expansion of HERC7 subfamily in fish indicates that crucian carp HERC7 might be species-specific. In virally infected fish cells, HERC7 is induced by IFN and selectively targets three retinoic acid–inducible gene-I–like receptor signaling factors for degradation to attenuate IFN response by two distinct strategies. Mechanistically, HERC7 delivers mediator of IFN regulatory factor 3 activator and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein for proteasome-dependent degradation at the protein level and facilitates IFN regulatory factor 7 transcript decay at the mRNA level, thus abrogating cellular IFN induction to promote virus replication. Whereas HERC7 is a putative E3 ligase, the E3 ligase activity is not required for its negative regulatory function. These results demonstrate that the ongoing expansion of the small HERC family generates a novel HERC7 to fine-tune fish IFN antiviral response.
Boosting of the SARS-CoV-2–Specific Immune Response after Vaccination with Single-Dose Sputnik Light Vaccine
Authors: Komissarov Alexey A , Dolzhikova Inna V , Efimov Grigory A , Logunov Denis Y , Mityaeva Olga , Molodtsov Ivan A , Naigovzina Nelli B , Peshkova Iuliia O , Shcheblyakov Dmitry V , Volchkov Pavel , Gintsburg Alexander L , Vasilieva Elena 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite measures taken world-wide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues. Because efficient antiviral drugs are not yet widely available, vaccination is the best option to control the infection rate. Although this option is obvious in the case of COVID-19–naive individuals, it is still unclear when individuals who have recovered from a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection should be vaccinated and whether the vaccination raises immune responses against the coronavirus and its novel variants. In this study, we collected peripheral blood from 84 healthy human donors of different COVID-19 status who were vaccinated with the Sputnik Light vaccine and measured the dynamics of the Ab and T cell responses, as well as the virus-neutralizing activity (VNA) in serum, against two SARS-CoV-2 variants, B.1.1.1 and B.1.617.2. We showed that vaccination of individuals previously exposed to the virus considerably boosts the existing immune response. In these individuals, receptor-binding domain (RBD)–specific IgG titers and VNA in serum were already elevated on the 7th day after vaccination, whereas COVID-19–naive individuals developed the Ab response and VNA mainly 21 d postvaccination. Additionally, we found a strong correlation between RBD-specific IgG titers and VNA in serum, and according to these data vaccination may be recommended when the RBD-specific IgG titers drop to 142.7 binding Ab units/ml or below. In summary, the results of the study demonstrate that vaccination is beneficial for both COVID-19–naive and recovered individuals, especially since it raises serum VNA against the B.1.617.2 variant, one of the five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Mineral contents of barley grains and its processed foods (kolo, porridge, bread and injera) consumed in Ethiopia
Authors: Tilahun Z. , S. Chandravanshi B. , R. Abshiro M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most widely cultivated stable food crops in the world. Barley grain samples were collected from four selected areas (Bahir Dar, Bure, Finote Selam and Debre Markos) of Ethiopia and four types of processed food (kolo, porridge, bread and injera) were prepared from it. The levels of essential and non-essential metals in barley grains and its processed food were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after wet digestion with a mixture of HNO3 and HClO4 (5:1, v/v). The concentration (mg/kg dry weight) in the barley grains were in the ranges K (5482-6516), Mg (546-643), Ca (445-684), Mn (7.31-9.80), Fe (127-439), Cu (0.88-1.86), Zn (42.8-56.8), Pb (0.39-2.73), Cd (3.01-4.66). The concentrations of all the metals in the four types of processed barley foods showed variation among each other. The results indicate that Ethiopian barley grains and its processed foods are good source of essential metals.

KEY WORDS: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., Processed foods, Macro-minerals, Micro-minerals, Toxic metals

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(3), 471-484.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i3.1