bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis: Auditory and Visual Attention and inhibitory Control
Authors: Roozbeh Mahrooz , Shojaei Maziyar , Rostami Mohammad , Simani Leila 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence has been paid to the cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, studies concerning cognitive functions in MS have also yielded conflicting results. This study investigates the attention and inhibitory control functions in patients with MS and their relationship with other clinical features such as depression and fatigue in these patients.
Methods: Participants included 80 patients with MS and 60 healthy controls. The attention and inhibitory control, fatigue, and psychiatric screening in all subjects were studied respectively with the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
Results: Patients with MS performed the IVA-CPT task more poorly than the healthy control group (P < 0.001). However, multiple regression analysis did not show any significant relations between disease duration, FSS, and HADS on attention and inhibitory control.
Conclusion: Inhibitory control and attention are significantly impaired in patients with MS. Finding the basics of cognitive deficits in MS have potentially important clinical implications for developing better cognitive rehabilitation strategies.
Assessing Corneal Endothelial Damage using Terahertz Spectroscopy and Support Vector Machines
Authors: Chen Andrew , Harris Zachery , Virk Arjun , Abazari Azin , Varadaraj Kulandaiappan , Honkanen Robert , Arbab M. Hassan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The endothelial layer of the cornea plays a critical role in regulating its hydration by actively controlling fluid intake in the tissue via transporting the excess fluid out to the aqueous humor. A damaged corneal endothelial layer leads to perturbations in tissue hydration and edema, which can impact corneal transparency and visual acuity. We utilized a non-contact terahertz (THz) scanner designed for imaging spherical targets to discriminate between ex vivo corneal samples with intact and damaged endothelial layers. To create varying grades of corneal edema, the intraocular pressures of the whole porcine eye globe samples were increased to either 25, 35 or 45 mmHg for 4 hours before returning to normal pressure levels at 15 mmHg for the remaining 4 hours. Changes in tissue hydration were assessed by differences in spectral slopes between 0.4 to 0.8 THz. Our results indicate that the THz response of corneal samples is varied according to the differences in the endothelial cell density. We show that this spectroscopic difference is statistically significant and can be used to assess the intactness of the endothelial layer.
A systematic review of climate change and water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: TURYASINGURA Benson , Chavula Petros , Hirwa Hubert , Mohammed Fatima Sule , Ayiga Natal , Bojago Elias ,   Brahim Benzougagh7, Ngabirano Hannington 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Variations in precipitation that affect water resources have drawn a lot of attention to climate change-related water quality issues in recent years. Point and non-point source contaminants have an impact on water quality due to seasonal rainfall variability, and rainfall events are crucial in spreading these pollutants. Sub-Saharan Africa has the least stable access to freshwater supplies. Numerous academics have undertaken extensive research on the connection between climate change and water resources, yielding significant research findings. However, there is a dearth of quantitative analysis and thorough evaluation of research accomplishments. The purpose of the study was to undertake an organized literature review on the topic of examining the relationship between Sub-Saharan Africa's water resources and climate change. In the first segment, Vos-Viewer was used to map, study the literature, and identify any gaps in order to evaluate the impact of rainfall variability on water quality. The adaptation and mitigation strategies for water availability were described in the second section. This report utilizes the VOS-Viewer bibliometric software to create a combative network and keyword co-occurrence map based on the pertinent literature on the topics of climate change and water resources in the core collection of the Web of Science database and dimension. According to the study's findings, cooperation networks are not as prominent as research networks between developed and developing nations. It was also shown that irregular rainfall affects water quality by giving the water a muddy, acidic, and turbid appearance. According to the assessment, the study's conclusions suggest that involving all significant parties and adopting strong rules can facilitate prudent water usage and management. This is crucial for the 884 million people whose survival depends on surface water resources.
Climate Change, Flood Disaster, and Food Insecurity in Pakistan.
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Majeed Yaqoob , Nadeem Tayyaba , Naqvi Laraib Haider , Khalid Muhammad Arslan , Shafiq Muzammal , Sajjad Muhammad Muzzammil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Climate change is bringing an inevitable change to planet earth. One of the recent victims of climate change is Pakistan, in the form of a disastrous flood that leads to severe food insecurity throughout the country. Recent food insecurity results from damage done by the flood to agricultural land, which have an extreme effect on districts marked by highly malnourished populations.
A numerical study on the effect of local cohesive property variation to single mode fracture models
Authors: Linke Max , Lammering Rolf 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, the effect of local cohesive property variation on the fracture behavior of single mode fracture models is numerically investigated. In this context, 3D models for the double cantilever beam test and the end-notched flexure test are built. The bonded interface is considered in two variants: a) homogeneous and b) heterogeneous with a local patch of varying cohesive properties. In order to evaluate the effect of the patch to the fracture behavior, the cumulative damage is introduced as a criterion. Parameters of the patch, i.e. material properties, geometry and position, are varied in a parametric study. Conclusions about their effect on the cumulative damage are drawn and justified. Different conditions of the crack growth are considered, i.e. crack onset and propagation. The results of the study outline the importance of the geometrical design of the patch. Especially the orientation of non-squared patches has a large, disproportional effect on the cumulative damage. Also the fracture mode plays an important role. The obtained information can be used to optimize interlaminar integrated sensors as a mean of structural health monitoring.
An experimental approach to treat salt and dye contaminated water via capacitive deionization
Authors: Maheshwari Karishma , Dohare Rajeev , Agarwal Madhu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article is intended to provide the versatility of the CDI process for an application covering various pollutants, namely, dye and salt contaminated stream treatment. It was observed that tailoring the base material enhances stated properties revealing proficiency in desalting and dye removal performance. Further, the experimental investigations were performed by modifying the surface of agro-waste developed electrodes to improve the sorption of contaminants over bio-based activated carbon (B-AC). The chemical activation was with potassium hydroxide (KOH-BAC) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4-BAC). The study indicates the best electrochemical and sorption properties with H3PO4-BAC incorporated electrode of the electrode 76.97 F/g specific capacitance. Moreover, these fabricated electrodes were implemented for dye effluent treatment and desalting the concentrated stream from RO reject. It was evaluated that a strong sorption capacity for 18.4 mg/g in the case of salt stream was observed for H3PO4-BAC electrode whereas 0.12 mg/g was reported for dye removal. The equilibrium data was fitted into the isotherm and kinetic model of adsorption. Lastly, the study reveals that the fabricated electrode has huge potential to treat contaminated water.
Horizontal Collaboration among SMEs through a Supply and Distribution Cooperative
Authors: Soysal Mehmet , Belbağ Sedat , Erişkan Sibel 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development encourages the governments of low and middle-income countries to support specifically small and medium enterprises to reach sustainable economic conditions. Strategic collaborative alliances among small and medium enterprises help these companies to overcome difficulties confronted in supply chain processes, such as procurement and transportation. This study describes a horizontal collaboration among small and medium enterprises (i.e., customers) where the demands are satisfied by a supply and distribution cooperative in Turkey. The cooperative is responsible for making bulk purchases with a discounted price that is not attainable for individual customers and making product deliveries to the customers. The benefits of establishing a supply and distribution cooperative that involves horizontally collaborating customers are assessed through a proposed decision support model.

Methods:
The model comprises a dynamic programming-based heuristic to determine a distribution plan and simulation to calculate total cooperative profit and customer profit shares. The model incorporates a comprehensive energy estimation approach for conventional vehicles that allows decision-makers to better estimate fuel consumption and, therefore, transportation emissions.

Results and Discussion:
The results show that horizontal collaboration among customers does not always guarantee profit. The amount of financial gain is dependent on many factors, such as logistics network, monetary demands, or discount rate observed due to the bulk purchase of the cooperative. Furthermore, such strategic alliances could allow companies to improve the efficient use of resources to have sustainable logistics systems.

Conclusion:
The proposed model can be used (i) to provide a detailed evaluation of the related costs and revenues, (ii) to provide analyses of the effects of the discount rate and the sector demand rate changes on the total cooperative profit, and (iii) to analyse the effects of uncertainties in several parameters on the total cooperative profit and customer profit shares.
Vers une paysance nouvelle – transition écologique et démocratie
Authors: Berque Augustin 
Published: November 2022

Le paradigme occidental moderne, dont le foyer politique est la démocratie, est remis en cause à des titres multiples, jusque dans ses fondements logiques et ontologiques. Cela concerne en particulier l’écologie et la territorialité humaine, ce paradigme ayant conduit à la Sixième Extinction massive de la vie sur Terre et à « la fin de l’homme habitant » (Le Lannou). L’article propose une perspective mésologique qui permettrait, en « repaysant » l’humain, d’assurer démocratiquement la transition écologique qui s’impose à nous de toute façon.
Patterns of HIV or AIDS Mortality Among Older People From 1990 to 2019 in China: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Ren Ningjun , Li Yuansheng , Wan Zhengwei , Wang Ruolan , Zhang Wenxin , Dzakah Emmanuel Enoch , Zhang Junhui , Li Ailing , Fan Song 
Published: November 2022

Background
With the increasing effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy and shifting demographics, the problem of older people with HIV or AIDS is increasingly grim in China, and neglecting infection among them may cause more serious social problems, exacerbate the difficulty of controlling HIV or AIDS transmission, and increase the risk of death.

Objective
We investigated the variations in the trends of Chinese mortality by age, period, and cohort, from 1990 to 2019, to reveal the relationship between age, period, cohort, and HIV burden, as well as providing guidance for resource allocation to prevent HIV-related deaths in vulnerable target populations.

Methods
We extracted the HIV or AIDS mortality data from the Global Burden of Disease. The joinpoint regression model was applied to detect changes in HIV or AIDS trends. The age-period-cohort model was used to explore the age, period, and cohort effects.

Results
The trends in age-standardized mortality rates in HIV or AIDS were increased in both genders, from 0.50 to 4.54/105 individuals for males, and from 0.19 to 1.43/105 individuals for females. Joinpoint regression model showed the average annual percentage change of age-standardized mortality rates was 7.0 for male and 6.4 for female individuals, showing an increasing trend. The age effect of male HIV or AIDS mortality showed a net increase of 0.59 (–0.21 to 0.38) from the ages 50-79 years. There is a gradual upward trend in the change in risk of death from HIV or AIDS for the period effect among the older population, lowest at ages 50-54 years (–0.80 for male and –0.78 for female individuals) and highest at ages 75-79 years (0.86 for male and 0.69 for female individuals). The variation of cohort effects was complex, but both genders had a nearly consistent tendency; people born in 1920-1929 had the lowest cohort effect, and those born in 1950-1954 had the highest values.

Conclusions
Our study showed a marked rise in HIV mortality for both genders in China from 1990 to 2019. Aging is an important issue in current HIV prevention and control. There is an urgent need to promote HIV testing and health education. Our findings will help predict future HIV or AIDS mortality changes and identify age-specific priority populations for intervention.
Perspective Toward Machine Learning Implementation in Pediatric Medicine: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Alexander Natasha , Aftandilian Catherine , Guo Lin Lawrence , Plenert Erin , Posada Jose , Fries Jason , Fleming Scott , Johnson Alistair , Shah Nigam , Sung Lillian 
Published: November 2022

Background
Given the costs of machine learning implementation, a systematic approach to prioritizing which models to implement into clinical practice may be valuable.

Objective
The primary objective was to determine the health care attributes respondents at 2 pediatric institutions rate as important when prioritizing machine learning model implementation. The secondary objective was to describe their perspectives on implementation using a qualitative approach.

Methods
In this mixed methods study, we distributed a survey to health system leaders, physicians, and data scientists at 2 pediatric institutions. We asked respondents to rank the following 5 attributes in terms of implementation usefulness: the clinical problem was common, the clinical problem caused substantial morbidity and mortality, risk stratification led to different actions that could reasonably improve patient outcomes, reducing physician workload, and saving money. Important attributes were those ranked as first or second most important. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of respondents.

Results
Among 613 eligible respondents, 275 (44.9%) responded. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 respondents. The most common important attributes were risk stratification leading to different actions (205/275, 74.5%) and clinical problem causing substantial morbidity or mortality (177/275, 64.4%). The attributes considered least important were reducing physician workload and saving money. Qualitative interviews consistently prioritized implementations that improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions
Respondents prioritized machine learning model implementation where risk stratification would lead to different actions and clinical problems that caused substantial morbidity and mortality. Implementations that improved patient outcomes were prioritized. These results can help provide a framework for machine learning model implementation.
Language and Humanity: Is It More Than Mere Instinct?
Authors: McCarthy Teri 
Published: November 2022

Noam Chomsky and Steven Pinker have brought to the linguistic arena the terms Universal Grammar (UG), Generative Grammar (GG) and Language Instinct. UG/GG are based on the premise that human babies are born with an intact, generalized language instinct – language somehow is already preconfigured in their brains – so that much of the complex structures of human language is encoded in the human genetic inheritance. In this paper I look at the theories of language instinct, UG and GG to determine if these theories have a grounding in empirical science brought about by new technologies and new research. I also ask the question: If we indeed do have a language instinct, should it have an impact on how we view languages and teach them?
SOSIALISASI PENERAPAN METODE DRILL BERBANTUAN SMART MATHEMATICS MODULE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Titin Titin , Tayeb Thamrin , Nur Fitriani , Angriani Andi Dian , Majid Ahmad Farham 
Published: November 2022

Abstrak
Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah melakukan sosialisasi terkait penerapan Metode Drill berbantuan Smart Mathematics Module secara efektif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika peserta didik. Kegiatan pengabdian ini diikuti oleh 30 peserta didik kelas XI IPA2 yang diajar menggunakan Metode Drill berbantuan Smart Mathematics Module. Sebanyak 29 peserta didik kelas XI IPA3 lainnya tidak diajar dengan Metode Drill berbantuan Smart Mathematics Module. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah berupa pretest-posttest dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penerapan Metode Drill berbantuan Smart Mathematics Module efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik.

Abstract
The purpose of this service is to apply the Drill Method effectively that assisted by the Smart Mathematics Module towards the students' mathematical problem-solving abilities through socialization activities. This service was attended by 30 students of class XI IPA2 who were taught using the Drill Method assisted by the Smart Mathematics Module. The other 29 students of class XI IPA3 were not taught using the Drill Method assisted by the Smart Mathematics Module. The instrument used was a test of students' problem-solving abilities, in the form of a pretest-posttest and an observation sheet. The analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Based on the analysis results, the application of the Drill Method with the Smart Mathematics Module is effective in improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities.
PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK TANI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PANGAN LOKAL KAYA PROTEIN BINTO’ TOENG (CAJANUS CAJAN) POTENSIAL PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI KECAMATAN TOMPOBULU KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Azriful Azriful , A. Ghaffar Nurkhalis , Jusriani Rini , Mallapiang Fatmawaty , Nildawati Nildawati 
Published: November 2022

Pengembangan pangan lokal sangat penting untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan masyarakat. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam pengolahan pangan lokal kaya protein binto’ toeng (cajanus cajan) potensial pencegahan stunting di Desa Rappoala Kecamatan Tompobulu Kabupaten Gowa berbasis pendampingan kelompok tani. Pengabdian dilakukan melalui tahapan pembuatan tepung binto’ toeng, tahapan persiapan pelatihan, dan tahapan pelatihan pembuatan produk berupa putu binto’ toeng. Tahapan pembuatan tepung dimulai dengan perendaman binto’ toengselama 24 jam. Selanjutnya binto’ toengdi kukus selama ±15 menggunakan presto. Kemudian binto’ toengditiriskan dan dijemur di bawah sinar matahari. Binto’ toengdigiling hingga halus kemudian diayak. Tahapan persiapan pelatihan dilakukan dengan menyiapkan semua alat dan bahan yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat putu binto’ toeng. Pelatihan ini diikuti oleh 10 petani wanita yang tergabung dalam kelompok tani desa Rappoala. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan antusiasme masyarakat untuk mengetahui cara penepungan binto’ toengdan potensinya dijadikan produk berupa kue. Minat masyarakat terkait penggunaan binto’ toenguntuk dibuat menjadi produk kue menjadi meningkat dengan adanya pelatihan pembuatan tepung dan pembuatan produk.
Transformation of Marketing Macro-Economic Environment of Tourism with Emphasis on Changes in Mobility During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Černá Jana , Lejsková Pavla , Ližbetinová Lenka , Matúšová Jana Galera 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
General activity in the tourism market has been stagnating since the market paralysis caused by the COVID-19 global pandemic. The situation is difficult to predict due to political and legislative interventions, changes in the economic performance of the tourism sector, and massive changes in demand. The paper aims at depicting the current macro-economic trends that have an impact on the tourism sector, thus contributing to the formation of some basis of inputs into the discussion concerning a possible orientation of the sector and businesses and future creation of services and products in the European area. The objective is achieved using the model of PESTLE analysis based on a comparative analysis of the latest and the most recent factors of the macroeconomic marketing environment, the findings of a study on a change in mobility of the inhabitants of the Czech Republic, trends in the tourism sector before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The presented findings provide a basis for discussion on the concept orientation and the creation of tourism services and products in the Czech Republic and Europe.