bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral cavity infection by the SARS-CoV-2: emphasizing the essence of masking and peptide therapeutics
Authors: Ibiang Glory Omini , Malachi Joseph , Ibiang Mercy Omini , Chukwudi Daniel Kenechi , Durojaye Olanrewaju Ayodeji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 has infected many people globally with the ravaging COVID-19; a disease, which has become challenging for every aspect of modern healthcare. The saliva and oral mucosa are sites of high risk for increased viral loads, and aside from the usual epithelial functions like lining and protection, the oral mucosa is also specialized for crucial functions, such as secretion, mastication, sensory perception, and taste perception. The human ACE2 receptor has been extensively studied for its essential role in the regulation of blood pressure homeostasis. However, scRNA-Seq studies have revealed high expression levels of the protein in keratinized epithelial surfaces of the oral cavity. The SARS-CoV-2 have access to the host’s body by binding to the ACE2 receptor, leading to the cleavage and major conformational changes in the viral spike glycoprotein for the release of its nucleocapsid into the cellular cytoplasm. This proteolytic cleavage is carried out by the TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L. In this study, we harnessed the information from the binding interface of TMPRSS2 and PAI-1 (a protease inhibitor known to inhibit the TMPRSS2 and several other proteases) to design a potential therapeutic peptide for the inhibition of the TMPRSS2, while also emphasizing the need for preventive masking.
Neuroimaging findings in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Abdelzaher Ahmed , AlQatam Mohammad , Alsarraf Lamyaa , Beheiri Mohamed H. , Shehata Shehata Farag , Elsebaie Nermeen A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Variable neuroimaging findings have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to respiratory symptoms, many neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly reported and variable neuroimaging findings have been observed in patients with COVID-19. Our aim was to describe findings observed in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, presenting with acute neurologic manifestations and undergoing computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study involving patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection, admitted to our hospital between July 1 and December 30, 2020. Patients who presented with acute neurologic symptoms and required neuroimaging were only included in the study. Neuroimaging examinations were evaluated for the presence of, infarction, hemorrhage and encephalopathy. The frequency of these findings was correlated with clinical variables, including presence of comorbidities, requirement for intensive care unit admission, and duration between admission and onset of neurologic signs and symptoms as documented in the hospital medical records.

Results
A total of 135 patients underwent at least one cross-sectional imaging of the brain, the median age of these patients was 63 years, and 72% were men. Disturbed level of consciousness was the most common neurologic symptom (80.7%). Acute neuroimaging findings were found in 34 patients (25.2%) including; acute ischemic infarcts (16/135; 11.9%), intracranial hemorrhages (9/135, 6.7%), cerebral venous thrombosis (2/135; 1.5%), posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1/135; 0.7%), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (6/135, 4.4%). There was no statistically significant difference in patient age (p = 0.062), sex (0.257), presence of comorbidities (p = 0.204), intensive care unit admission (p = 0.326) and duration between admission and onset of neurologic signs and symptoms (p = 0.755), in patients with positive versus negative neuroimaging studies.

Conclusions
Our study showed that cerebrovascular complications, ischemic and hemorrhagic were the most frequent imaging finding in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Knowledge about these potentially serious complications can help optimize management for these patients.
A CONDIÇÃO FINANCEIRA DE EFICÁCIA DA LEI E O SEU CONTROLE PELO TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS DA UNIÃO
Authors: Corval Paulo Roberto Dos Santos , Tognoc Leonardo Oliveira 
Published: January 2022

RESUMOObjetivo: Buscou-se neste artigo analisar a postura institucional do Tribunal de Contas da União a partir da compreensão de suas competências e do modo como tem ampliado o seu protagonismo político-administrativo por meio não apenas das atividades de controle e fiscalização das políticas públicas aprovadas e implementadas, mas, também, de forma especial, pelo controle financeiro da eficácia da lei e, por conseguinte, do próprio Legislativo. Metodologia: a pesquisa teórica do tipo jurídico-dogmática foi desenvolvida a partir do estudo do acórdão paradigmático de nº 1907/2019, prolatado pelo Tribunal de Contas da União, bem como do exame da normatividade constitucional e infraconstitucional voltada às finanças públicas, dialogando com trabalhos doutrinários que exemplificam o estado da arte aplicável ao tema e ao objeto no âmbito do direito financeiro e constitucional.Resultados: considerou-se, ao final, que ao Poder Legislativo, por meio da legislação orçamentária, autolimitado por suas escolhas institucionais em finanças públicas, cabe, originariamente, o controle da condição financeira da eficácia da lei, sem prejuízo de que o órgão autônomo de contas, tendo em vista a autolimitação legislativa reforçada nos últimos anos pela textualidade constitucional, verifique a eficácia do atos legislativos que mobilizam recursos públicos como mecanismo adequado, inclusive, ao reforço da preservação dialógica da autonomia e harmonia dos Poderes.Contribuições: a principal contribuição deste estudo consiste no apontamento da insuficiência do instrumental analítico oferecido pela dogmática jurídico-financeira contemporânea – e seu legado histórico – para promover o aprofundamento reflexivo da temática aberta pelo Acórdão n.º 1907/2019, de modo a indicar, na forma de três teses programáticas integradas, direcionamentos que à doutrina cabe acolher com imaginação institucional construtora, pois o campo epistêmico do direito financeiro não contempla, de forma sistematizada, o referido protagonismo político-administrativo da Corte de Contas da União.
Comparison of effects of medicinal cannabis or standard palliative care on quality of life of patients with cholangiocarcinoma in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Phansila Narisara , Sittiwet Chaiyasit , Wongkongdech Ranee 
Published: January 2022

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a poor prognosis and is a major cause of mortality and suffering in Thailand’s Northeastern (Isaan) Region. Methods: This prospective cohort study aimed to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among 72 newly diagnosed CCA patients; 42 patients who received cannabis treatment (CT) and 30 patients who received a standard palliative care treatment (ST). The study was carried out between 1st September 2019 to 31st October 2020. Data were collected from patients from oncology clinics of six hospitals in five provinces of northeast Thailand. The HRQoL was measured at baseline, and at 2 and 4 months after diagnosis by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life questionnaires QLQ-C30, and QLQ-BIL21. The Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare quality of life scores between the two patient groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to compare within groups QoL scores at pre-treatment, and 2 and 4 month follow-ups. Results: Global health status and functional scales, for both groups were high at pre-treatment. At 2 and 4 month follow-up, CT group patients had consistent statistically significantly better Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), and QoL scores, and many symptom scores than the ST group. Conclusions: Medicinal cannabis may increase QoL for advanced CCA patients. Our findings support the importance of early access to palliative cannabis care clinic before the terminal and acceleration phase close to death.
Point of care SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing in schools improves school attendance
Authors: Collier Dami A. , Bousfield Rachel , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Gupta Ravindra K. 
Published: January 2022

Background: National lockdowns have led to significant interruption to children’s education globally. In the Autumn term in 2020, school absence in England and Wales was almost five times higher than the same period in 2019. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools and ongoing interruption to education remains a concern. However, evaluation of rapid point of care (POC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in British schools has not been undertaken. Methods: This is a survey of secondary schools in England that implemented PCR-based rapid POC testing. The study aims to measure the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in schools, to assess the impact of this testing on school attendance and closures, and to describe schools experiences with testing. All schools utilised the SAMBA II SARS-CoV-2 testing platform. Results: 12 fee-paying secondary schools in England were included. Between September 1st 2020 and December 16th 2020, 697 on site rapid POC PCR tests were performed and 6.7% of these were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were five outbreaks in three schools during this time which were contained. Seven groups of close contacts within the school known as bubbles had to quarantine but there were no school closures. 84% of those tested were absent from school for less than one day whilst awaiting their test result. This potentially saved between 1047 and 1570 days off school in those testing negative compared to the NHS PCR laboratory test. Schools reported a positive impact of having a rapid testing platform as it allowed them to function as fully as possible during this pandemic. Conclusions: Rapid POC PCR testing platforms should be widely available and utilised in school settings. Reliable positive tests will prevent outbreaks and uncontrolled spread of infection within school settings. Reliable negative test results will reassure students, parents and staff and prevent disruption to education.
Problems of Formation of System Thinking in Modern Russian Education
Authors: Kuz'minova T. , Ashurbekov R. 
Published: January 2022

The construction of new, market-based economic relations in Russia in the early 90s of the last century was accompanied by a radical transformation of the education system to the Bologna standard. At the same time, Western scientists - teachers drew attention to the work on the cognitive development of the child by L.S. Vygotsky, the theory of developmental education by P.Ya. Galperin, the theory of inventive problem solving by G.S. Altshuller and the results of research by other scientists providing the formation of systems thinking in Soviet education.
The article shows that the documents regulating the development of Russian education include the formation of systematic and critical thinking in students, but in practice this is not always implemented. The directions of transformation of the Russian education system since the beginning of building market relations in the 90s of the last century are identified as the cause of the current situation.
The formation of systems thinking in higher education should consider the peculiarities of the age dynamics of adults. The most developed figurative and verbal thinking among students makes it possible to use the teaching methods of V.F. Shatalov, which reduces the time for studying educational materials by more than 30 times in comparison with classical teaching methods.
Characterization of the Composition, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Endocarp Biomass
Authors: Vin-Nnajiofor Makua C. , Li Wenqi , Debolt Seth , Cheng Yang-Tse , Shi Jian 
Published: January 2022

HighlightsEndocarps have higher lignin content, cellular and bulk density, and hardness than typical biomass feedstocks.The impacts of lignin content, bulk density, and mechanical properties on energy consumption are discussed.Endocarps can be a potential feedstock for a biorefinery coproducing biofuel and bioproducts.Abstract. Lignin is an abundant biopolymer and a promising source of feedstock for high-value chemicals and materials. This study aims to characterize the lignin-rich endocarp biomass and identify features of this unique feedstock that are relevant to feedstock preprocessing and logistics. The chemical composition and cellular structure of walnut and peach endocarps were characterized using HPLC and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Mechanical properties of the endocarps were investigated using nanoindentation. Mechanical tests revealed hardness values of up to 0.48 and 0.40 GPa for walnut and peach endocarps, respectively. With screen sizes of 1 and 2 mm, the specific energy consumption was 9.21 and 1.86 MJ kg-1 for walnut and 12.6 and 2.72 MJ kg-1 for peach, respectively, as determined using a knife mill. Milling energy consumption was correlated to screen size, lignin content, bulk density, and mechanical properties. This study provides critical information on feedstock supply logistics necessary to implement a novel feedstock in biorefineries and evaluate the economic feasibility for coproduction of biofuels and lignin-derived products. Keywords: Biomass feedstock, Lignin, Mechanical properties, Nanoindentation, Size reduction.
Numerical analysis of the F-P TCFBG strain sensor spectral response and its multiplexation capabilities achieved with DSP and FFT analysis
Authors: Bojarczuk Juliusz , Araszkiewicz Piotr , Markowski Konrad 
Published: January 2022

This work presents a numerical spectral properities analysis of a chirped-Bragg-grating-based Fabry–Perot (F-P CTFBG) cavity written in tapered fiber together with its application for strain monitoring. The work focuses on analyzing the structure’s sensing performance and spectral response for codirectionally and counter-directionally written reflectors for various manufacturing process parameters (reflector lengths, phase mask chirp ratios, and positions on the linear transition of tapered fiber). In turn, it is shown that by manipulating the Bragg wavelength distribution of the cavity’s reflectors, it is possible to control strain sensitivity character (i.e., positive or negative). The discussion also focuses on signal processing of the acquired spectrum through analytical derivation of the digital filter parameters that allows for unambiguous extraction of the cavity length for a given axial force applied to the each sensor irrespectively. Finally, a sensing system consisting of two cavities with either co-directionally or counter-directionally written reflectors is discussed.
Tratamiento informativo de la Covid-19 en el servicio audiovisual público. Comparativa entre los medios online RTVE.es y Francetvinfo.fr
Authors: López-Cepeda Ana-María , Tilli Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

El principal objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el tratamiento informativo de la pandemia generada por la Covid-19 en los medios audiovisuales de servicio público en España y Francia. A través del análisis de los titulares, fuentes empleadas y el estudio de sus declaraciones se pretende elaborar una reflexión acerca de la mediatización de esta crisis durante la primera ola en dos países del mediterráneo. El estudio del tratamiento informativo de esta crisis sanitaria global en dos medios de titularidad pública responde a la importancia de estos en un momento de infopandemia. El corpus está formado, en un primer análisis cuantitativo, por las noticias en las que se habla de Covid-19 o coronavirus en RTVE.es (17.031) y Francetvinfo.fr (14.492) entre el 15 de enero de 2020 y el 15 de junio de 2020. Una vez contabilizadas, se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria 70 informaciones en cada medio para un análisis de contenido en profundidad. Los resultados muestran que en ambos casos el tratamiento de la pandemia durante la primera ola se lleva a cabo con una gran cantidad de información todos los días. No obstante, no siempre coincide el incremento de noticias con el aumento de fallecimientos o contagios, sino que más bien responde a acontecimientos puntuales relacionados con la pandemia (como estados de alarma, desescaladas, etc.). Se usan preferentemente fuentes gubernamentales, si bien estas se alternan, en especial, en el medio francés, con fuentes expertas y sanitarias. El relato, tanto de estas como de los periodistas, varía en función de la evolución de la pandemia.
Plataformas de contenidos audiovisuales y el product placement: el caso Netflix
Authors: Martín-García Alicia , López-Carmona Marta , Victoria-Mas Juan-Salvador 
Published: January 2022

Desde muy pronto, en la primera mitad del siglo pasado, con el desarrollo del cine como industria, el product placement o emplazamiento de producto ha estado presente en muchas de las obras, cobrando cada vez más importancia e insertándose - al mismo tiempo - en todo tipo de formas artísticas y culturales. En los últimos años, con la aparición y creciente desarrollo de las SVOD (Subscription Video On Demand), el product placement no ha tardado en incorporarse a este nuevo modelo de consumo de contenidos audiovisuales. Netflix, una de las SVOD pioneras, ha convertido esta plataforma en un medio ideal en el que las marcas se están insertando a pesar de su modelo aparentemente “sin publicidad”. Esta investigación analiza la presencia del product placement en las series de la plataforma Netflix, sirviendo como ejemplo referencial de otras plataformas con el mismo modelo. Mediante el uso de la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, como son la encuesta y el análisis de contenido respectivamente, se confirma la existencia de esta técnica publicitaria en la plataforma, analizando al mismo tiempo su tipología, así como el beneficio que se advierte del uso de la misma entre los usuarios de este tipo de plataforma.
Giant Mesenteric Lipoma in an Adult
Authors: Vijayan Nithya , Thekkeveettil Murali , Sundaram Sankar , Krishnadas Sajitha 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of mature adipocytes and commonly occur in the upper trunk. Mesenteric lipomas are relatively rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system. They are usually asymptomatic, detected incidentally on abdominal imaging, or can present with variable symptoms depending on the location, size, and rapidity of tumor growth. The ileal mesentery is the most common site, occurring in adults ranging from 40 to 60 years. We present the case of an unusually large mesenteric lipoma in an adult male patient who presented with vague abdominal pain.
Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Hemosuccus Pancreaticus in Chronic Pancreatitis Treated With Percutaneous Trans-splenic Embolization
Authors: Leshen Michael , Dadlani Apaar , Ohene-Baah Nana 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a life-threatening but rare cause of intermittent upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by acute/subacute hemorrhage into a pancreatic duct or pancreatic pseudocyst because of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm. This entity is described in patients with pseudoaneurysms that develop in the context of severe pancreatic/peripancreatic inflammatory changes. Hemosuccus pancreaticus presents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum because it tends to involve inflamed, friable, and tortuous vascular pathways. We present a rare case of hemosuccus pancreaticus because of splenic pseudoaneurysm presenting as duodenal hemorrhage and discuss trans-splenic embolization with a combined angiographic and ultrasound-guided approach.
Корпоративное управление в НКО: теории и российская практика
Authors: Якобсон Лев Ильич , Иванова Наталья Владимировна , Телицына Александра Юрьевна 
Published: January 2022

В статье представлены результаты первого широкомасштабного эмпирического исследования роли органов корпоративного управления (управляющих советов) в российских некоммерческих организациях. Деятельность советов рассматривается с позиций основных теорий, объясняющих особенности корпоративного управления в третьем секторе. В процессе интервьюирования выявлено существенное недоиспользование резервов эффективности, предпосылки обеспечения которой раскрываются наиболее известными теориями. Такая ситуация связана с распространенностью «лидерского» типа среди российских НКО, для которого характерно совмещение функций стратегического руководства, операционного менеджмента и контроля. Опрос, который представляет эмпирическую основу настоящего исследования, показал, что в российском некоммерческом секторе неоплачиваемые члены советов скорее ассистируют оплачиваемому менеджменту, чем руководят и направляют его деятельность. Сопоставление с основными теориями, обосновывающими функции корпоративного управления в третьем секторе и подкрепленными зарубежными эмпирическими исследованиями, не позволяет рассматривать такой вариант в качестве оптимального с точки зрения доверия к НКО и их эффективности. По данным исследования, существует запрос скорее на усиление ассистирующей роли коллективных органов управления, чем на выполнение ими роли полноценных представителей принципалов.
Вместе с тем выявлен во многом не реализованный запрос на активизацию участия советов в стратегическом планировании, экспертном консультировании и особенно в расширении контактов НКО и привлечении средств. В этой связи можно ожидать постепенного освоения в России принципов корпоративного управления НКО, в наибольшей степени способствующих доверию к третьему сектору, притоку в него ресурсов и их рациональному использованию
Благодарность. Работа выполнена в Центре исследований гражданского общества и некоммерческого сектора НИУ ВШЭ при поддержке Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.
Z výzkumu společného vzdělávání v mateřských školách – podněty pro tvůrce vzdělávací politiky
Authors: Hejlová Helena , Tomková Anna 
Published: January 2022

Výzkum sledoval, k jakým změnám v pedagogických procesech a jejich podmínkách dochází v mateřské škole po změně spojené s úpravami Rámcového vzdělávacího programu pro předškolní vzdělávání se zaváděním společného vzdělávání do škol. Cíle zpracování výzkumného šetření pro potřeby vzdělávací politiky vymezujeme ve dvou aspektech: (1) Strukturovat data do klíčových kategorií tematizujících zkušenosti, názory a představy pedagogů MŠ vázané na společné vzdělávání. (2) V interpretační úrovni vyzdvihnout oblasti podstatné pro dobrý průběh společného vzdělávání v MŠ. Teoretickým východiskem se stala koherence mezi hodnotami osobnostně rozvíjejícího přístupu k vedení dítěte v MŠ a mezi hodnotami společného vzdělávání. Metodou sběru dat byl polostrukturovaný rozhovor. Vzorek tvořilo 10 MŠ z Prahy a 10 MŠ z Jihočeského kraje. Data byla zpracována do případových studií jednotlivých škol a následně do hromadné studie. Výsledky jsou strukturovány do čtyř témat: (1) podmínky v rovině názorů dotazovaných pedagogů MŠ; (2) podmínky v rovině vnějších okolností práce MŠ jako instituce; (3) pedagogické procesy: změna jejich organizace, organizace tříd/skupin, koncepce práce, péče o klima, povinné předškolní vzdělávání. (4) Do modelu MŠ implementující společné vzdělávání. Závěry se týkají podmínek, které instituce, jako je MŠ, potřebuje pro společné vzdělávání. Strukturujeme je do pěti oblastí doporučení pro vzdělávací politiku: (1) podpora orientace na osobnostně rozvíjející přístup při vzdělávání dítěte v kurikulárních dokumentech; (2) vzdělávání pedagogických pracovníků; (3) počet dětí vázaný na počet osob, které o ně mohou pečovat a rozvíjet je; (4) spolupráce MŠ s poradenskými pracovišti mimo školu; (5) podpora rodin, zvláště0 znevýhodněných.