bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La cohésion à l’épreuve de la confiance
Authors: Rolland Johanna 
Published: August 2022

De l’assaut du Capitole par les partisans de Trump aux États-Unis le 6 janvier 2021 à l’intrusion, le 25 mars dernier, au conseil régional d’Occitanie, de militants d’Action française, des signaux d’alerte majeurs se multiplient, témoignant de l’état de souffrance de nos démocraties contemporaines. En jeu : notre cohésion nationale, dans une société de plus en plus fragmentée, traversée par trop de fractures sociales et territoriales. La crise sanitaire actuelle, par la crise économique et sociale qu’elle a induite, pourrait d’ailleurs venir amplifier ce phénomène, dans la mesure où pèsent aujourd’hui de nombreuses incertitudes sur les Françaises et les Français. À l’heure de l’émergence de formes nouvelles de radicalisation, sociale et politique, et d’une abstention électorale semblant se renforcer à chaque scrutin, il est urgent de trouver des réponses à cette crise de confiance qui interroge autant l’avenir que l’unité de notre pays. Cette confiance ne peut se restaurer, qu’en renouvelant profondément l’action publique et en y redéfinissant progressivement les règles de la décision collective. Plus que jamais, la démocratie participative, déjà souvent engagée à l’échelle locale, peut donc nous aider à refonder notre pacte démocratique, même si sa seule mise en œuvre ne pourra suffire. Favoriser le dialogue citoyen doit en effet s’inscrire dans un changement de paradigme plus global, au prisme de relations repensées entre l’État et les collectivités, où un nouveau modèle s’invente ; un modèle conjuguant avenir de la planète et égalité des chances et des droits.
Hygiénisme légal et populisme libertaire
Authors: Malgorn Bernadette 
Published: August 2022

Bernadette Malgorn, préfète de région Lorraine (1996-2002), puis Bretagne (2002-2006), a été confrontée à la gestion de nombreuses crises. Secrétaire générale du ministère de l’Intérieur, elle a participé à la commission du livre blanc de la défense et de la sécurité nationale de 2008. Le risque pandémique avait bien été identifié. Un plan pandémie a été préparé. Et des dispositions prises pour s’organiser en cas de survenance. À sa surprise, ce plan n’a pas été déclenché face au coronavirus. Sa campagne municipale à Brest ayant été interrompue par le report du second tour, elle a profité du premier confinement pour rédiger un essai : « Pandémie et démocratie : que demande le peuple ? », en libre accès sur calaméo. Elle développe ici plusieurs questions qu’elle y aborde : le fondement des interventions des pouvoirs publics sur les questions de santé, la légitimité des leviers de l’action publique, la relation entre l’expertise et la décision. Elle affirme sa confiance dans la liberté des citoyens et l’efficacité de la démocratie.
« Appelle le préfet, il saura »
Authors: Clerc Anne 
Published: August 2022

Un « instantané » d’une préfète déléguée pour l’égalité des chances, nouvellement nommée. L’exercice des missions reflète les objectifs tenant aux ambitions de l’État avec ce cap : « agir sur la vie quotidienne des Français ». Et, ce métier de préfète déléguée porte aussi un autre défi quotidien tenant à la recherche de l’efficacité, aux concertations, sans oublier une mobilisation constante.
Entre souverainisme et souveraineté européenne : l’hypothèse de la double démocratie européenne
Authors: Leron Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

Une obsession de la souveraineté s’est emparée des peuples et de leurs élites en Europe. Souverainisme pour les uns et souveraineté européenne pour les autres, tous ne jurent que par la souveraineté, et par là oublient peut-être l’essentiel : la question démocratique. C’est par l’invention d’une démocratie européenne, adossée à un véritable pouvoir budgétaire européen, que l’on pourra ré-oxygéner nos démocraties nationales en déclin et donner naissance à une nouvelle forme politique : la double démocratie européenne.
Modernité européenne
Authors: Giuliani Jean-Dominique 
Published: August 2022

Certains ont pu être surpris de la très vive réaction de l’Union européenne à l’agression russe de l’Ukraine. Voir la guerre revenir sur le continent européen est quelque chose d’inimaginable, tant pour les citoyens que pour leurs gouvernements. Mais l’Europe n’est pas seule. 141 membres de l’ONU ont aussi condamné cette guerre injustifiée. Les mondes de la culture et des sports, après ceux de l’économie et de la finance, se sont spontanément joints aux sanctions spectaculaires qui ont été décidées contre le régime de Poutine qui risque fort de se retrouver très vite dans la situation de la Corée du Nord. Si les Européens sont apparus en tête de ces réactions, c’est qu’ils ont construit entre eux un ensemble inédit sur la planète, qui leur a permis de revenir dans l’histoire après une première moitié de XX e siècle fratricide, et leur a apporté une prospérité impensable qui leur permet d’être un modèle de liberté et de démocratie.
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, « Les âmes du peuple blanc » et la critique de la suprématie blanche
Authors: Martin-Breteau Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

En 1920, dans « Les âmes du peuple blanc », W.E.B. Du Bois propose une autopsie magistrale du monde contemporain sous suprématie blanche. L’auteur étudie d’abord le phénomène impérial et colonial occidental en montrant la centralité des colonies européennes dans l’émergence du capitalisme et de la Première Guerre mondiale, utilisant ainsi la question raciale pour redéfinir la stratégie politique marxiste. Du Bois entreprend ensuite de déconstruire la croyance dans la supériorité blanche en défendant la fierté noire et la lutte panafricaine pour l’émancipation matérielle et mentale des populations africaines et afro-descendantes. Enfin, il thématise l’idée de « double vue » ou de « clairvoyance » des personnes minoritaires sur le monde social, grâce à leur position subalterne dans ce monde – une capacité critique qui le mène à articuler ce qui sera plus tard désigné sous les concepts de positionnement et de blanchité. Ces analyses historiques, politiques et épistémiques novatrices font des « âmes du peuple blanc » un texte majeur du xx e siècle.
À l’école des chefs
Authors: Pégourdie Adrien 
Published: August 2022

Cet article interroge les raisons de la pénurie de main-d’œuvre dans le secteur de l’hôtellerie-restauration dans un contexte de revalorisation symbolique de l’activité culinaire. À partir d’une enquête consacrée à la formation des « petites mains » du secteur, l’analyse montre comment le lycée hôtelier détourne une partie des diplômés du monde professionnel et suscite des aspirations professionnelles désajustées favorisant des sorties précoces du métier. Focalisé sur l’apprentissage du service des classes supérieures, mais dans une version dévoyée et désuète, l’enseignement implique d’entreprendre un processus de conversion des dispositions d’élèves issus des petites classes moyennes et des classes populaires stabilisées du pôle économique de l’espace social et éloignées du monde de la restauration. Ce processus passe par l’incorporation d’un sens pratique, le dressage des corps et l’adoption d’un rapport au travail vantant le don de soi. La complexité de ce processus couplée au manque de moyen institutionnel pour l’appliquer expliquent que son acquisition soit limitée à un petit nombre d’élèves aux dispositions spécifiques et qui, en outre, ne possèdent pas les codes actualisés du luxe.
ESBL producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> prevalence in chicken stools in selected broiler farms in Galle district
Authors: Karunarathna R. M. C. S. , Wijayaratne W. M. D. G. B. , Ubeysekara H. A. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Most of the animals reared for food are reservoirs for Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing coliforms. ESBL producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in chicken meat are increasing worldwide. Since the consumption of chicken in meals is higher compared to other livestock in Sri Lanka, there is a threat to transmit these organisms to humans via food. The aim of this study was to determine the ESBL producing E. coli prevalence in chicken stools and the presence of antibacterial substances in chicken feed and water in selected broiler farms in Galle district Methods: Eighty stool samples were collected from selected broiler farms in Galle district. Isolates were confirmed as E. coli on the lactose fermentation, colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests. ESBL production was detected according to the CLSI double disc diffusion method. Ready to serve chicken feed and water samples were collected and tested against two types of E. coli control cultures using agar well diffusion method to detect the effects of any antibacterial substances. Results: Eighty-six different types of E. coli were isolated from 80 chicken stool samples. There were no ESBL producers among all isolated E coli. There was no antibacterial activity demonstrated in food or water served for chicken except for in one farm. The percentage distribution of fecal microbial flora as well as their density was altered in the farm where antibiotics were used in chicken feed. Conclusions: No ESBL producing E. coli were detected in chicken stool in the selected broiler farms of Galle district indicating the minimum risk of transmission of ESBLs to the human via consumption of chicken meat.
An Epidemiological Study of Elongation of Styloid Process in the Saurashtra Population
Authors: Jha Reeta , Khatri Mansi , Pathan Foziya , Solanki Mansi , Tandel Hiren 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical bony structure emerging from the lower surface of the petrous temporal bone, its normal length is from 20 mm to 30 mm and those with more than 30 mm length are considered elongated. Calcification in stylohyoid ligament or calcification of SP is termed Eagle's syndrome. The aim of this study is to conduct an epidemiological survey of SP on digital orthopantomogram (OPG) in the Saurashtra population with an age range of 5–90 years.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of 1088 OPG radiographs randomly selected from the database of 2019–2020 from the oral medicine and radiology department of our institute, which was taken on the OPG model CS 8100 Carestream digital panoramic system. Measurements of SP were done from the temporal bone to the tip. Those with more than 30 mm in length were considered to be elongated. The study sample was divided into four different age groups and was compared according to gender and sides. The Chi-square test and t-test were performed.

Results:
Elongated SP was noted in 354 (32.53%) out of 1088 subjects. Among age groups, subjects of more than 50 years showed a maximum number of elongated SPs.

Conclusion:
Subjects showing elongated SP and their mean length are increased with age, which indicates chronic development of calcification. No statistical significance was found in the elongation of SP in correlation with the cohort's gender and sides (bilateral or unilateral).
Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell lines used in public health surveillance programmes with special emphasis on biosafety
Authors: Pawar Shailesh D. , Kode Sadhana S. , Keng Sachin S. , Tare Deeksha S. , Diop Ousmane M. , Abraham Priya , Sharma Deepa K. , Sangal Lucky , Yadav Pragya D. , Potdar Varsha A. 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives
Polio, measles, rubella, influenza and rotavirus surveillance programmes are of great public health importance globally. Virus isolation using cell culture is an integral part of such programmes. Possibility of unintended isolation of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical specimens processed in biosafety level-2 (BSL-2) laboratories during the above-mentioned surveillance programmes, cannot be ruled out. The present study was conducted to assess the susceptibility of different cell lines to SARS-CoV-2 used in these programmes.

Methods
Replication of SARS-CoV-2 was studied in RD and L20B, Vero/hSLAM, MA-104 and Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell lines, used for the isolation of polio, measles, rubella, rotavirus and influenza viruses, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 at 0.01 multiplicity of infection was inoculated and the viral growth was assessed by observation of cytopathic effects followed by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Vero CCL-81 cell line was used as a positive control.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 replicated in Vero/hSLAM, and MA-104 cells, whereas it did not replicate in L20B, RD and MDCK cells. Vero/hSLAM, and Vero CCL-81 showed rounding, degeneration and detachment of cells; MA-104 cells also showed syncytia formation. In qRT-PCR, Vero/hSLAM and MA-104 showed 106 and Vero CCL-81 showed 107 viral RNA copies per µl. The 50 per cent tissue culture infectious dose titres of Vero/hSLAM, MA-104 and Vero CCL-81 were 105.54, 105.29 and 106.45/ml, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions
Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero/hSLAM and MA-104 underscores the possibility of its unintended isolation during surveillance procedures aiming to isolate measles, rubella and rotavirus. This could result in accidental exposure to high titres of SARS-CoV-2, which can result in laboratory acquired infections and community risk, highlighting the need for revisiting biosafety measures in public health laboratories.
Association of inflammatory markers with the disease & mutation status in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Gupta Surabhi , Rashid Sumaira , Saraya Anoop 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives
Inflammation has been studied to be an important contributory factor to carcinogenesis through pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). Furthermore, K-ras mutation is an important genetic alteration in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to compare these inflammatory markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with the diseased and healthy controls (HCs) and to check for any association between IL-6 and CRP serum levels with the disease status, survival and K-ras mutation status of PDAC patients.

Methods
The study included 135 PDAC, 25 chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients and 25 HCs. The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and K-ras mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.

Results
The serum levels of both these markers were elevated in PDAC cases than that in HCs. High IL-6 levels and higher CRP levels were found to be associated with locally advanced disease, lymphatic invasion, metastasis and advanced stage of the PDAC. In patients with unresectable PDAC, higher IL-6 levels were found to be associated with the presence of K-ras mutations.

Interpretation & conclusions
Higher IL-6 and CRP levels in patients with advanced PDAC suggest an important role of these inflammatory markers in tumour progression. Furthermore, the association of mutations in the K-ras gene with serum IL-6 indicates cross-talks that may contribute to the progression of the PDAC.
Development of a cost-effective ex vivo lung perfusion system for lung transplantation in India
Authors: Ganesan Rajarajan , Kajal Kamal , Singh Harkant , Das Ashim , Kaur Rajinder , Saini Naveen , Puri Goverdhan Dutt 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives:
Standard donor lung preservation with cold flush and storage allows up to six hours between retrieval of lungs from the donor and transplantation in the recipient. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) systems mimic physiological ventilation and perfusion in the donor lungs with potential for prolonged lung preservation and donor lung reconditioning. In this study, it was aimed to perform EVLP on discarded donor lungs using a locally developed EVLP system.

Methods:
Equipment that are routinely used for cardiac surgeries were collected and a functional EVLP system was assembled. This system was used on five pairs of lungs retrieved from brain-dead organ donors. The lungs were ventilated and pulmonary circulation was continuously perfused with a solution containing oxygen and nutrients for four hours. The system was tested without red blood cells (RBCs) added to the solution (acellular group; n=3; A1, A2 and A3) and also with RBCs added to the solution (cellular group; n=2; C1 and C2).

Results:
The EVLP system was successfully used in four (A1, A2, A3 and C2) of the five lung pairs. Mechanical and gas exchange functions of the lungs were preserved in these lung pairs. One lung pair (C1) worsened and developed pulmonary oedema. Histopathological examination of all five lung pairs was satisfactory at the end of the procedure. Major challenges faced were leakage of solution from the system and obstruction to drainage of RBCs containing solution from the lungs.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of the present study suggest that, it is possible to maintain the lungs retrieved for transplantation in a physiological condition using a locally prepared EVLP system and a solution without RBCs.
Seroprevalence of anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among adults in Jammu district, India
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sidhu Meena , Dogra Sandeep , Kumar Bhupinder , Sahni Bhavna , Yadav Arvind Kumar , Bala Kiran , Kumari Rashmi , Mahajan Richa , Bavoria Shalli , Kalotra Anuradha , Gupta Sachin 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives
Serology testing is essential for immunological surveillance in the population. This serosurvey was conducted to ascertain the cumulative population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 among adults in Jammu district and to understand the association of seropositivity with sociodemographic and clinical correlates.

Methods
On September 30 and October 1, 2020, a household survey was done in 20 villages/wards chosen from 10 health blocks in district Jammu, India. Demographic, clinical and exposure information was collected from 2000 adults. Serum samples were screened for IgG antibodies using COVID Kavach MERILISA kit. Tests of association were used to identify risk factors associated with IgG positivity. Crude odds ratio with 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated during univariate analysis followed by logistic regression.

Results
Overall adjusted seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 was 8.8 per cent (95% CI: 8.78-8.82); it varied from 4.1 per cent in Chauki choura to 16.7 per cent Pallanwalla across 10 blocks in the district. Seropositivity was observed to be comparatively higher in 41-50 and 61-70 yr age groups, among males and in rural areas. Fever, sore throat, cough, dyspnoea, myalgias, anosmia, ageusia, fatigue, seizures, history of exposure, medical consultation, hospitalization and missing work showed significant association with seropositivity on univariate analysis. On logistic regression, only sore throat, myalgia and missing work showed significant adjusted odds of IgG positivity. Extrapolation to adult population suggested that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was 14.4 times higher than reported cases, translating into Infection fatality rate of 0.08 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions
Since a major part of population was immunologically naive, all efforts to contain COVID-19 need to be vigorously followed while these baseline results provide an important yardstick to monitor the trends of COVID-19 and guide locally appropriate control strategies in the region.
Application of mobile phone technology as intervention for the management of tuberculosis patients diagnosed through community survey
Authors: Selvaraju Sriram , Malaisamy Muniyandi , Dolla Chandra Kumar , Murali Lakshmi , Karikalan Nagarajan , Saravanan Balakrishnan , Tholkappian Ayyakannu Sivaprakasham , Tripathy Srikanth Prasad 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives:
The delay in communicating the results to tuberculosis (TB) patients leads to increased rates of initial loss to follow up of treatment. The gap in communication among healthcare providers requires application of new tools that will address the challenges. Mobile phone technologies could be a useful tool in this context for the delivery of information. The objective was thus to evaluate communication by mobile applications such as the WhatsApp Messenger to decrease initial loss to follow up after initial treatment for TB.

Methods:
Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India undertook a community prevalence survey to find the burden of TB. During this survey, mobile phone-based technology (WhatsApp messenger) was employed as an intervention among the healthcare providers and researchers involved for communicating. This was further evaluated for its usefulness by examining the initial loss to follow up and patients initiated on treatment.

Results:
The study covered four blocks of Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, South India, namely Kadambathur, Poondi, Thiruvalangadu and Periyapalayam. The survey population was around 20,000 from each block, and the average patients diagnosed by community TB prevalence survey were 30 patients from each block. Among the patients diagnosed through this survey, in the first block, only 55 per cent were initiated on treatment; subsequently, with the intervention, the initial loss to follow up was significantly reduced from 45 to zero per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:
After integrating of WhatsApp messenger application for communication among healthcare providers and researchers, the initial loss to follow up among patients being treated for TB was significantly decreased.
Cognitive Improvement Following Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Procedures
Authors: Gurnani Nishant , Gupta Mehul , Aggarwal Sandeep , Nehra Ashima , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
South Asia has noted an increasing prevalence of obesity and employment of bariatric surgery (BS) procedures. Prior studies have shown improvement in memory, executive function and attention, after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) operation in the Western population. However, there is a scarcity of data on cognitive improvement following BS in a non-Western population.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to evaluate changes in cognitive functions of patients with severe obesity, after BS.

Study Setting:
Tertiary-care Academic Center, India.

Methodology:
A prospective study of patients undergoing BS was conducted. Specific neurocognitive tests (Mini-mental Status Examination, Standard progressive matrices, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Post Graduate Institute Memory Scale test) were used to assess cognitive status at baseline (preoperatively), and at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results:
Fifty-three patients were enrolled in the study, out of which 50 had completed 1 year of follow-up at the time of analysis (n = 50). Thirty-six patients (72%) were females. The median age was 42 years, and the mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 45.5 ± 6.3 kg/m2. 40 patients underwent SG, while 10 underwent RYGB procedure. At baseline, the study cohort had impairment of abstract reasoning, attention, and verbal retention, as compared to normative data. At 1 year after surgery, the mean BMI was 29.1 ± 2.6 kg/m2. There was a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in most cognitive domains (global cognitive functioning, abstract reasoning, attention/concentration, and memory function). However, improvement in language function was not found to be significant across the follow-up duration of 12 months (P = 0.35).

Conclusions:
Individuals with severe obesity experience baseline impairment in cognitive functions. Similar to results from the Western population, BS (RYGB and SG) results in a significant improvement in multiple cognitive domains even in a non-Western population.