bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐related problems among hospitalized hypertensive and heart failure patients and physician acceptance of pharmacists' interventions at a teaching hospital in Ghana
Authors: Amankwa Harrison Mark , Marfo Afia F. A. , Buabeng Kwame O. , Nkansah Florence A. , Boateng Dorcas P. , Ankrah Daniel N. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive and heart failure patients frequently require multiple drug therapy which may be associated with drug‐related problems (DRPs).AimTo determine the frequency, types, and predictors of DRPs, and acceptance of pharmacists' interventions among hospitalized hypertensive and heart failure patients.MethodIt was a prospective cross‐sectional study at the internal medicine department wards of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) between January and June 2019 using a validated form (the pharmaceutical care form used by clinical pharmacists at the medical department). DRPs were classified based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification scheme for DRPs V8.02. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 247 DRPs were identified in 134 patients. The mean number of DRPs was 1.84 (SD: 1.039) per patient. Most DRPs occurred during the prescribing process (40.5%; n(DRPs) = 100), and the highest prescribing problem was untreated indication (11.7%; n = 29). Other frequent DRPs were medication counseling need (25.1%; n = 62), administration errors 10.1%(n = 25), drug interaction (10.5%; n = 26), and “no” or inappropriate monitoring (10.5%; n = 26). The number of drugs received significantly predicted the number of DRPs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 9.85; 95% CI: 2.04–47.50; p < 0.001). Clinical variables were significant predictors of number of DRPs (diabetic status: AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.98, p < 0.05; statin use: AOR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.81, p < 0.05; antiplatelet use: AOR: 5.95, 95% CI: 2.03–17.48, p < 0.01). Average acceptance of interventions by physicians was 71.6% (SD: 11.7). Most (70.6%; n = 48) accepted interventions were implemented by physicians (resolved).ConclusionDRPs frequently occur, with most problems identified in the prescribing process. Medication counseling was frequently needed. Patients' number of drugs and clinical factors predicted the occurrence of DRPs. Physicians accepted and implemented most interventions. Our findings suggest that clinical pharmacists have an important role in cardiovascular patient care, but this study should be replicated in other hospitals in Ghana to corroborate these findings.
Automated screening of glaucoma stages from retinal fundus images using BPS and LBP based GLCM features
Authors: Patel Rajneesh Kumar , Kashyap Manish 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlaucoma is an eye disease in which the retinal nerve fibers are irreversibly damaged. Early identification of glaucoma is essential because it may slow the progression of the illness. The clinical treatments and medical imaging methods that are currently available are all manual and require expert supervision. An automated glaucoma diagnosis system that is fast, accurate, and helps to reduce the load on professionals is necessary for mass screening. In our proposed work, a novel approach based on bit‐plane slicing (BPS), local binary pattern (LBP), and gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used. First, fundus images are separated into channels like red, green, and blue, and these separated channels are split into plans using BPS. Then, LBP images are obtained from selected green channel images. Second, we extract features based on GLCM from LBP images. Finally, using a least‐squares support vector machine classifier, the higher ranked features are employed to classify glaucoma stages. According to the findings of the experiments, our model outperformed state‐of‐the‐art approaches for glaucoma classification. Using 10‐fold cross‐validation, this model achieved an improved classification accuracy of 95.04%, specificity of 96.37%, and sensitivity of 93.77%. We conducted many relative experiments with deep learning and traditional machine learning‐based models to test our proposed methodology. Compared to existing glaucoma classification approaches, the new method has been shown to be more efficient.
Co‐recrystallization induced self‐catalytic Li2S cathode fully interfaced with sulfide catalyst toward a high‐performance lithium‐free sulfur battery
Authors: Li Zejian , Luo Chong , Zhang Siwei , Sun Guoming , Ma Jiabin , Wang Xinliang , He Yan‐Bing , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan‐Hong , Lv Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium sulfide (Li2S) is a promising cathode for a practical lithium‐sulfur battery as it can be coupled with various safe lithium‐free anodes. However, the high activation potential (>3.5 V) together with the shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) bottleneck its practical uses. We are trying to present a catalysis solution to solve both problems simultaneously, specially with twinborn heterostructure to shoot off the trouble in interfacial contact between two solids, catalyst and Li2S. As a typical example, a Co9S8/Li2S heterostructure is reported here as a novel self‐catalytic cathode through a co‐recrystallization followed by a one‐step carbothermic conversion. Co9S8 as the catalyst effectively lowers the Li2S activation potential (<2.4 V) due to fully integrated and contacted interfaces and consistently promotes the conversion of LiPSs to suppress the shuttling. The obtained freestanding cathode of Co9S8/Li2S heterostructures encapsulated in three‐dimensional graphene shows a high capacity, reaching 92.6% of Li2S theoretical capacity, high rate performance (739 mAh g−1 at 2 C), and a low capacity fading (0.039% per cycle at 1 C over 900 cycles). Even under a high Li2S loading of 12 mg cm−2 and a low E/S ratio of , 86% of theoretical capacity can be utilized.image
Developmental events in the lung of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): Morphological, histochemical and electron‐microscopic studies
Authors: Mostafa Heba , Hussein Manal T. , Abd‐Elnaeim Mahmoud 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe lung of birds is the most complex and efficient gas exchanger in the air‐breathing vertebrates. A total number of 27 normal Japanese quail embryos during the pre‐hatching period were used. The current work aimed to investigate the histomorphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes of the lung at different stages of development using light and electron microscopy. The results showed that the respiratory primordium was observed on the 2nd embryonic day (ED) as a ventral out‐pouching of the primitive foregut into the surrounding mesenchyme. The first evidence of the lung buds appeared on the 3rd ED. On the 4th ED, the buds increased in size. In addition, the secondary bronchi budded from the epithelial lining of the primary bronchus into the surrounding mesenchyme. On the 6th ED, the number of the secondary bronchi increased and began to give rise small tubules (parabronchi). On the 7th ED, telocytes (TCs) were seen extensively in relation to the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (UMC) and surrounding the developing bronchi and blood vessels. On the 8th ED, the number of the small‐diameter, smooth‐walled parabronchi (PR) was considerably increased. On the 9th ED, anastomosing of the developing parabronchi was observed forming large diameter ones and the open‐type endocrine cells in the parabronchial wall were observed. On the 10th ED, deep costal impressions on the lung tissue were seen, the atrial primordia could be observed and the primordia of all air sac were developed. In conclusion; morphogenesis and differentiation of the developing lung epithelium depend on epithelial‐mesenchyme interaction.
The activity of cytokines in dental pulp
Authors: Yan Li , Lihua Liu , Sha Zhang , Hongli Wu , Wu Zhong , Guijun Tian , Kai Zhang , Yahui Luo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfter binding to their corresponding receptors, cytokines mediate a variety of biological activities. However, the activity of cytokines in dental pulp has not been studied at the single cell level.MethodsThe cytokines activity of dental pulp was analyzed through CytoSig with the single cell sequencing data of dental pulp.ResultsIn total, 43 cytokine signalling pathways were analyzed with CytoSig. The activity of TRAIL, NO, IL3, CXCL12 and IL1A was high in the majority of cells in dental pulp. NO, TRAIL, CXCL12, BMP4 and BMP6 had higher activity in dental pulp stem cells, whereas CXCL12, BMP4, BMP6, BMP2 and IFN1 were the cytokines with high activity in pulp cells.ConclusionsOur findings show the landscape of cytokine activity in dental pulp.
Modeling habitat use and potential distribution of kit fox in the Trans‐Pecos, Texas
Authors: Hewitt Matthew O. , Karelus Dana L. , Harveson Louis A. , Martin Russell L. , Harveson Patricia Moody 
Published: August 2022

AbstractManagement of a species requires knowledge of their distribution and the environmental factors that influence their use of an area. The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) is a small fox species endemic to the threatened desert grasslands of the western United States and northern Mexico. Little information exists on the status and distribution of kit fox in Texas, USA; however, researchers have documented population declines in the closely related swift fox (Vuples velox) in the Texas Panhandle. Therefore, our objectives were to survey areas of potential kit fox habitat using remote trail cameras to determine use and detection rates for kit fox, evaluate and quantify environmental effects on habitat use, and map potential distribution of kit fox habitat throughout the Trans‐Pecos using results from the preceding occupancy analysis. We conducted camera surveys at 732 baited sites from March 2018 to March 2020, with each survey lasting 14 days on average (~10,248 camera‐days). We detected kit fox at 99 of 732 camera survey sites. We divided surveys into 3‐day sampling occasions and fit single‐season occupancy models to test for an effect of sampling occasion and season on detection and for effects of slope, elevation, shrub height, shrub canopy cover, percent litter, percent herbaceous cover, and bare ground on habitat use. Overall detection was 0.31 ± 0.001 (SE) and was influenced by sampling occasion and season, with detection being highest during November to February and earlier in the survey. Mean probability of use for sites was 0.17 ± 0.01 (range = 0.00–0.85) and was influenced by 4 environmental covariates, with the greatest probability of use in areas with gentler slopes, lower elevations, shorter shrubs, and a greater percentage bare ground. We used the most supported model to make a map of predicted habitat use across the Trans‐Pecos region and showed evidence of model fit. Our work provides detailed baseline information on the distribution and environmental relationships of kit fox in the region and can be used to assist with future research and monitoring efforts.
Molecular and immune targets in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Galambus Justine , Tsai Kenneth Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and often confers a good prognosis. Though surgery is the gold standard of treatment, unresectable or metastatic disease can necessitate systemic therapy. Of systemic agents, there is increasing interest in the use of immunotherapies and targeted therapy. Further study into the driver mutations in cSCC has identified opportunities for targeted therapy. In this review, we discuss both current and investigational immune and molecular targets of therapy for cSCC.
Two implementations of 120 GHz transformer cross‐coupled oscillator based on cascode structure in 55 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Yang Shenghui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo oscillators are designed and fabricated, focusing on the output power and tuning range in the terahertz band. The first one is a transformer cross‐coupled oscillator based on the cascode structure, and the second one is a self‐mixing transformer cross‐coupled oscillator. Higher output power is obtained by using transformer coupling instead of direct or capacitive coupling. Using the frequency mixing principle, a wider tuning range is obtained. Both chips are processed by 55 nm CMOS technology. The measured frequency tuning range is 115.9–129.1 and 110.8–128.0 GHz, respectively. The measured peak value of output power is 3.2 and −14.3 dBm, respectively.
Combination anti‐obesity medications to effectively treat bariatric surgery weight regain at an academic obesity center
Authors: Wong Gunther , Garner Erica M. , Takkouche Sahar , Spann Matthew D. , English Wayne J. , Albaugh Vance L. , Srivastava Gitanjali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCombination anti‐obesity medications (AOMs) to treat postoperative bariatric surgery weight regain have limited data on their use in the clinical setting. Understanding the optimal treatment protocol in this cohort will maximize weight loss outcomes.MethodsA retrospective review of bariatric surgery patients (N = 44) presenting with weight regain at a single academic multidisciplinary obesity center who were prescribed AOM(s) plus intensive lifestyle modification for 12 months.ResultsAge: 28–76 years old, 93% female, mean weight 110.2 ± 20.3 kg, BMI 39.7 ± 7.4 kg/m2, presenting 5.2 ± 1.6 years post‐bariatric surgery [27 (61.4%), 14 (31.8%), and 3 (6.8%) laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB), laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), and open RYGB, respectively], with 15.1 ± 11.1 kg mean weight gain from nadir. Mean weight loss after medical intervention at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month time points was 4.4 ± 4.6 kg, 7.3 ± 7.0 kg, and 10.7 ± 9.2 kg, respectively. At 12 months, individuals prescribed 3 or more AOMs lost more weight than those prescribed one (−14.5 ± 9.0 kg vs. −4.9 ± 5.7 kg, p < 0.05) irrespective of age, gender, number of comorbidities, initial weight or BMI, type of surgery, or GLP1 use. RYGB patients lost less weight overall (7.4% vs. 14.8% VSG respectively; p < 0.05).ConclusionsCombination AOMs may be needed to achieve optimal weight loss results to treat post‐operative weight regain.
Shape memory properties of 3D‐printed self‐expandable poly(lactic acid) vascular stents with long‐chain branched structures
Authors: Jiafeng Li , Pengfei Jiang , Jianwei Yang , Tiantang Fan , Hongbo Yang , Junhui Sui , Lu Cao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe shape memory properties (SMP) of long‐chain branched poly(lactic acid) (b‐PLA) vascular stent prepared through 3D‐printed technologies are studied by comparison with PLA. SMP is expected to endow vascular stent smart properties of self‐expanding stent, which could self‐expand and support the stenosis after reaching the lesion. The shape recovery rate of the b‐PLA samples at 60°C reaches to 93%, which is much higher than that of the PLA samples with 26%. The two‐cycle deformation‐recovery test of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows that the shape recovery rate of b‐PLA samples at 60°C reaches 98% in the first and second cycle, suggesting the good SMP. Meanwhile, the 3D‐printed b‐PLA vascular stent could recover to initial shape within 22 s, while the PLA vascular stent could not recover to initial shape after shape deformation at 60°C. Furthermore, Two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis (2D‐WXRD) diffraction results confirm that both PLA and b‐PLA samples exhibit two bright diffraction spots of (200)/(100) plane, and 2D‐SAXS scattering patterns changed from uniform scattering rings to the spindle‐shaped pattern after shape deformation. After shape recovery at 60°C, the 2D‐WXRD diffraction and two‐dimensional small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis (2D‐SAXS) scattering patterns of the PLA samples remain no change, while b‐PLA samples recover to initial patterns and exhibit diffuse diffraction rings and uniform scattering rings, respectively, long period (Lac) decrease and lamellae thickness (Lc) maintain constant. The above results verify the excellent SMP of b‐PLA vascular stent as well as self‐expandable properties, which mainly ascribing to the combined action of branched entanglement points and lamellae as stationary phase. Besides, cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays, cell live/dead staining and cell nuclei/cytoskeleton staining prove the good cell compatibility of b‐PLA stent before and after SMP.
Diverse mutations and structural variations contribute to Notch signaling deregulation in paediatric T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Salmerón‐Villalobos Julia , Ramis‐Zaldivar Joan Enric , Balagué Olga , Verdú‐Amorós Jaime , Celis Verónica , Sábado Constantino , Garrido Marta , Mato Sara , Uriz Javier , Ortega M. José , Gutierrez‐Camino Angela , Sinnett Daniel , Illarregi Unai , Carron Máxime , Regueiro Alexandra , Galera Ana , Gonzalez‐Farré Blanca , Campo Elias , Garcia Noelia , Colomer Dolors , Astigarraga Itziar , Andrés Mara , Llavador Margarita , Martin‐Guerrero Idoia , Salaverria Itziar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundT‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) is an aggressive neoplasm closely related to T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL). Despite their similarities, and contrary to T‐ALL, studies on paediatric T‐LBL are scarce and, therefore, its molecular landscape has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize the genetic and molecular heterogeneity of paediatric T‐LBL and to evaluate novel molecular markers differentiating this entity from T‐ALL.ProcedureThirty‐three paediatric T‐LBL patients were analyzed using an integrated approach, including targeted next‐generation sequencing, RNA‐sequencing transcriptome analysis and copy‐number arrays.ResultsCopy number and mutational analyses allowed the detection of recurrent homozygous deletions of 9p/CDKN2A (78%), trisomy 20 (19%) and gains of 17q24‐q25 (16%), as well as frequent mutations of NOTCH1 (62%), followed by the BCL11B (23%), WT1 (19%) and FBXW7, PHF6 and RPL10 genes (15%, respectively). This genetic profile did not differ from that described in T‐ALL in terms of mutation incidence and global genomic complexity level, but unveiled virtually exclusive 17q25 gains and trisomy 20 in T‐LBL. Additionally, we identified novel gene fusions in paediatric T‐LBL, including NOTCH1–IKZF2, RNGTT–SNAP91 and DDX3X–MLLT10, the last being the only one previously described in T‐ALL. Moreover, clinical correlations highlighted the presence of Notch pathway alterations as a factor related to favourable outcome.ConclusionsIn summary, the genomic landscape of paediatric T‐LBL is similar to that observed in T‐ALL, and Notch signaling pathway deregulation remains the cornerstone in its pathogenesis, including not only mutations but fusion genes targeting NOTCH1.
Alternative method for microenzymatic inhibition activities monitoring fromBaccharis trimeraextracts by CZE‐UV
Authors: Campos Guilherme P. , Lima Nerilson M. , Campos Juliana S. , Micke Gustavo A. , de Oliveira Marcone A. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCapillary zone electrophoresis with direct UV detection (CZE‐UV) was used to investigate the hypothesis about the extract ofBaccharis trimeraenzymatic activities as an analytical approach to monitoring the phenomenon.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to investigate enzymatic bioactivities of the hydroalcoholic and infusion extracts ofB. trimerathrough screening evaluation of the inhibition of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α‐glycosidase (α‐GLY).MethodAn alternative approach using CZE‐UV to hydroalcoholic and infusion extracts ofB. trimeramonitoring was applied to evaluate the inhibition ability of the enzymes AChE and α‐GLY. The result of the reaction of acetylthiocholine (AThCh) with AChE was thiocholine (TCh) and acetic acid, and from the amount of TCh generated, the AChE inhibition was calculated. For the inhibition study of the two enzymes, the reactions of the extracts were optimised to be performed in situ, inside the capillary column, and the introduction of the solutions was performed through ordered sequential plug injections.ResultsSamples extracted with 70% ethanol presented 7.80% inhibition for AChE and 0.51% for α‐GLY, while samples extracted with 96% ethanol resulted in 6.89% inhibition for AChE and no inhibition activity for α‐GLY.ConclusionIn the present work, the potentialities of CZE‐UV for the study of hydroalcoholic and infusion extracts ofB. trimerawere demonstrated. The experimental results were useful for the calculation of the percentage of the inhibition activities of the AChE and α‐GLY enzymes.
Plant phenotyping with limited annotation: Doing more with less
Authors: Nagasubramanian Koushik , Singh Asheesh , Singh Arti , Sarkar Soumik , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep learning (DL) methods have transformed the way we extract plant traits—both under laboratory as well as field conditions. Evidence suggests that “well‐trained” DL models can significantly simplify and accelerate trait extraction as well as expand the suite of extractable traits. Training a DL model typically requires the availability of copious amounts of annotated data; however, creating large‐scale annotated dataset requires nontrivial efforts, time, and resources. This limitation has become a major bottleneck in deploying DL tools in practice. Self‐supervised learning (SSL) methods give exciting solution to this problem, as these methods use unlabeled data to produce pretrained models for subsequent fine‐tuning on labeled data and have demonstrated superior transfer learning performance on down‐stream classification tasks. We investigated the application of SSL methods for plant stress classification using few labels. We select a plant stress classification problem to test the effectiveness of SSL, as it is a fundamentally challenging problem due to (a) disease classification which depends on the abnormalities in a small number of pixels, (b) high data imbalance across different classes, and (c) fewer annotated and available plant stress images than in other domains. We compared seven SSL approaches spanning four broad classes of SSL methods on soybean [Glycine maxL. (Merr.)] plant stress dataset and report that pretraining on unlabeled plant stress images significantly outperforms transfer learning methods using random initialization for plant stress classification. In summary, SSL‐based model initialization and data curation improves annotation efficiency for plant stress classification tasks and will circumvent data annotation challenges associated with DL methods.
Hydrogen Activation by C2H2 Acting as a Substrate Molecule on Atomically Dispersed Catalysts for the Semi‐hydrogenation of C2H2
Authors: Xi Yongjie , Wang Jia , Li Jinlei , Li Fuwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA fundamental problem of catalytic hydrogenation is the activation of H2, which is usually believed to occur through the interactions between H2 and the active center of a catalyst. In the present study, we show that H2 can be activated by chemisorbed C2H2 acting as a substrate molecule. This mechanism can occur when it is unfavorable for H2 to approach the metal‐center of the catalyst, which is caused by relatively strong adsorption C2H2. We demonstrate the proposed mechanism on various single/dual atom catalysts to establish a linear scaling relation generalizing the trend of H2 activation by C2H2. We also show that Ir‐doped graphene is a promising catalyst for the semi‐hydrogenation of C2H2 where H2 is preferably activated by the chemisorbed C2H2. The calculated turnover frequency reaches 0.076/s at 423 K and the selectivity to C2H4 approaches 100 %. The present study sheds light on mechanistic study of heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.