bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whitening Black Men: Narrative Labour and the Scriptural Economics of Risk and Rehabilitation
Authors: Warr Jason 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘You know what? You can’t be a “Black Man” in prison.’ Negative impositions of Blackness, grounded in the myths of Black Criminality, shape assessments of risk and rehabilitation within the scriptural economy of the contemporary prison. This creates a rehabilitative colour line that results in specific forms of narrative labour, whereby prisoners attempt to control the recording and interpretation of their Black identities. From Social Relations, to Appearance, to Language Use, more of the life of a Black prisoner is interpreted negatively than other prisoners. This paper explores how Black lifers, are forced to adopt narrative labours that ‘whiten’ their ‘Blackness’ in order to mitigate their perceived risk and navigate the prison’s pathways to release. This article is based on quasi-ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two prison sites between 2011 and 2014 in which more than 120 indeterminately sentenced prisoners were consulted.
Physical distance to sensory-motor landmarks predicts language function
Authors: Wang Xiuyi , Krieger-Redwood Katya , Zhang Meichao , Cui Zaixu , Wang Xiaokang , Karapanagiotidis Theodoros , Du Yi , Leech Robert , Bernhardt Boris C , Margulies Daniel S , Smallwood Jonathan , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAuditory language comprehension recruits cortical regions that are both close to sensory-motor landmarks (supporting auditory and motor features) and far from these landmarks (supporting word meaning). We investigated whether the responsiveness of these regions in task-based functional MRI is related to individual differences in their physical distance to primary sensorimotor landmarks. Parcels in the auditory network, that were equally responsive across story and math tasks, showed stronger activation in individuals who had less distance between these parcels and transverse temporal sulcus, in line with the predictions of the “tethering hypothesis,” which suggests that greater proximity to input regions might increase the fidelity of sensory processing. Conversely, language and default mode parcels, which were more active for the story task, showed positive correlations between individual differences in activation and sensory-motor distance from primary sensory-motor landmarks, consistent with the view that physical separation from sensory-motor inputs supports aspects of cognition that draw on semantic memory. These results demonstrate that distance from sensorimotor regions provides an organizing principle of functional differentiation within the cortex. The relationship between activation and geodesic distance to sensory-motor landmarks is in opposite directions for cortical regions that are proximal to the heteromodal (DMN and language network) and unimodal ends of the principal gradient of intrinsic connectivity.
Association Between Time to Appropriate Antimicrobial Treatment and 30-day Mortality in Patients With Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Van Heuverswyn Jasper , Valik John Karlsson , Desirée van der Werff Suzanne , Hedberg Pontus , Giske Christian , Nauclér Pontus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEffective antimicrobial treatment is key for survival in bloodstream infection (BSI), but the impact of timing of treatment remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the association between time to appropriate antimicrobial treatment and 30-day mortality in BSI patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from a large academic center in Sweden. Adult patients admitted between the years 2012 and 2019, with onset of BSI at the emergency department or general wards, were included. Pathogen-antimicrobial drug combinations were classified as appropriate or inappropriate based on reported in vitro susceptibilities. To avoid immortal time bias, the association between appropriate therapy and mortality was assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis at pre-specified landmark times.ResultsWe included 10 628 BSI-episodes, occurring in 9192 unique patients. The overall 30-day mortality was 11.8%. No association in favor of a protective effect between appropriate therapy and mortality was found at the 1, 3 and 6 hours landmark after blood culture collection. At 12 hours, the risk of death increased with inappropriate treatment (adjusted odds ratio 1.17 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01–1.37]) and continued to increase gradually at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Stratifying by high or low SOFA score generated similar odds ratios, with wider confidence intervals.ConclusionsDelays in appropriate antimicrobial treatment were associated with increased 30-day mortality after 12 hours from blood culture collection, but not at 1, 3, and 6 hours, in BSI. These results indicate a benchmark for providing rapid microbiological diagnostics of blood cultures.
The Relentless Rise of Judicial Specialisation and its Implications for Judicial Systems
Authors: Opeskin Brian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Specialisation of labour has long been regarded as a central mechanism for enhancing the productivity of workers and the economic prosperity of nations. But do these advantages accrue in the judicial resolution of disputes, or should judges be generalists administering the law as an integrated body of rules and principles? Viewing the evolution of courts across the common law world, the rise of judicial specialisation has been relentless—suggesting that it delivers significant benefits. It extends far beyond specialisation by legal subject matter and it is achieved through many modalities beyond the establishment of new courts. However, to understand the proper role of specialisation, it is necessary to ask what impact it has on core values of the judicial system, namely, cost-effectiveness, just outcomes, impartiality, public trust, access to justice, and procedural fairness. This essay argues that judicial specialisation often has competing impacts on these values but that careful institutional design, especially through hybrid specialisation, can deliver significant benefits while minimising costs. Modern judicial systems need to be attentive to the diverse effects of specialisation so they can adapt to the complexities of contemporary dispute resolution.
Urbanization drives adaptive evolution in a Neotropical bird
Authors: Mascarenhas Rilquer , Meirelles Pedro Milet , Batalha-Filho Henrique 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Urbanization has dramatic impacts on natural habitats and such changes may potentially drive local adaptation of urban populations. Behavioral change has been specifically shown to facilitate the fast adaptation of birds to changing environments, but few studies have investigated the genetic mechanisms of this process. Such investigations could provide insights into questions about both evolutionary theory and management of urban populations. In this study, we investigated whether local adaptation has occurred in urban populations of a Neotropical bird species, Coereba flaveola, specifically addressing whether observed behavioral adaptations are correlated to genetic signatures of natural selection. To answer this question, we sampled 24 individuals in urban and rural environments, and searched for selected loci through a genome-scan approach based on RADseq genomic data, generated and assembled using a reference genome for the species. We recovered 46 loci as putative selection outliers, and 30 of them were identified as associated with biological processes possibly related to urban adaptation, such as the regulation of energetic metabolism, regulation of genetic expression, and changes in the immunological system. Moreover, genes involved in the development of the nervous system showed signatures of selection, suggesting a link between behavioral and genetic adaptations. Our findings, in conjunction with similar results in previous studies, support the idea that cities provide a similar selective pressure on urban populations and that behavioral plasticity may be enhanced through genetic changes in urban populations.
Genomic analysis of Tibetan ground tits identifies molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Chen , Hong Wei , Tian Shilin , Lu Qin , Wang Bing-Jun , Jin Huaiming , Zhuoma Nima , Lu Xin , Zhao Huabin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cooperative breeding is a sophisticated altruistic social behavior that helps social animals to adapt to harsh environments. The Tibetan ground tit, Pseudopodoces humilis, is a high-altitude bird endemic to the Tibetan plateau. Recently, it has become an exciting system for studying the evolution of facultative cooperative breeding. To test for molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding, we resequenced the whole genome of ground tits from 6 wild populations that display remarkable variation in the frequency of cooperative breeding. Population structure analyses showed that the 6 populations were divided into 4 lineages, which is congruent with the major geographical distribution of the sampling sites. Using genome-wide selective sweep analysis, we identified putative positively selected genes (PSGs) in groups of tits that displayed high and low cooperative breeding rates. The total number of PSGs varied from 146 to 722 in high cooperative breeding rate populations, and from 272 to 752 in low cooperative breeding rate populations. Functional enrichment analysis of these PSGs identified several significantly enriched ontologies related to oxytocin signaling, estrogen signaling, and insulin secretion. PSGs involved in these functional ontologies suggest that molecular adaptations in hormonal regulation may have played important roles in shaping the evolution of cooperative breeding in the ground tit. Taken together, our study provides candidate genes and functional ontologies involved in molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding in Tibetan ground tits, and calls for a better understanding of the genetic roles in the evolution of cooperative breeding.
Catheter ablation induced phrenic nerve palsy by pulsed field ablation—completely impossible? A case series
Authors: Pansera Francesco , Bordignon Stefano , Bologna Fabrizio , Tohoku Shota , Chen Shaojie , Urbanek Lukas , Schmidt Boris , Chun Kyoung-Ryul Julian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a new feasible and safe method for the ablative treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF). Through the use of electric fields, it causes pore-like openings in the cell’s wall, leading to cell death. The most appealing characteristic of this new technique is its selectivity for cardiomyocytes and consequently its low risk of collateral damage to extracardiac tissues. We present three cases of a PFA-induced transient phrenic nerve (PN) injury documented during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).

Case summaries
Three patients aged 55–81 years underwent PFA for symptomatic AF. Cases 1 and 3 were affected by paroxysmal AF without evidence of structural heart disease. Case 2 had persistent AF and ischaemic cardiomyopathy with preserved ejection fraction. We observed a transient right hemidiaphragm palsy during the delivery of impulses in the right superior pulmonary vein (Cases 1 and 2) and in the right inferior pulmonary vein (Case 3). The palsy lasted &lt;1 min and was followed by spontaneous full recovery in all cases.

Discussion
Transient PN dysfunction can be observed following PFA in AF ablation. According to our initial experience, a full recovery of the PN function can be expected within seconds. We hypothesize a hyperpolarization of neuronal cells or a depletion of acetylcholine in the motoric endplate to explain this event. Further studies are required to understand the exact pathophysiological mechanism.
Cumulative complexity: a qualitative analysis of patients’ experiences of living with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Forsyth Faye , Blakeman Thomas , Burt Jenni , Chew-Graham Carolyn A , Hossain Muhammad , Mant Jonathan , Sharpley John , Sowden Emma , Deaton Christi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
To investigate how heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), within the context of limited clinical services, impacts patients’ lives.

Methods and results
Secondary thematic analysis informed by the cumulative complexity model (CCM), of interview transcripts from 77 people diagnosed with HFpEF and their carers. Four themes corresponding to the core concepts of workload, capacity, access, and outcome described in the CCM were generated. Theme 1: Shouldering a heavy workload described the many tasks expected of people living with HFpEF. Theme 2: The multiple threats to capacity described how patients and carers strived to engage with this work, but were often faced with multiple threats such as symptoms and mobility limitations. Deficient illness identity (Theme 3) reflects how HFpEF either was not recognized or was perceived as a more benign form of HF and therefore afforded less importance or priority. These themes contributed to a range of negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes and the perception of loss of control described in Theme 4: Spiraling complexity.

Conclusions
The constellation of HFpEF, multi-morbidity, and ageing creates many demands that people with HFpEF are expected to manage. Concurrently, the same syndromes threaten their ability to physically enact this work. Patients’ recollections of their interactions with health professionals suggest that there is a widespread misunderstanding of HFpEF, which can prohibit access to care that could potentially reduce or prevent deterioration.
DM management in HIV patients: the adoption of population health management to transform the chronic management of HIV
Authors: Pacileo Guglielmo , Morando Verdiana , Banks Helen , Ferrara Lucia , Cattelan Annamaria , Luzzati Roberto , Manfrin Vinicio , Tozzi Valeria Domenica 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The success of antiretroviral therapies has made human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) a chronic disease, changing the care scenario dramatically. This study aimed to measure adherence to diabetes mellitus standards of care provided for people living with HIV (PLWH). Diabetes represents a paradigmatic case for tackling chronic care management in this target group.

Methods
This retrospective observational study was performed on administrative health data retrieved from 2014 to 2016, with a validated algorithm to identify patients with HIV using: (i) hospital discharge records (ICD9-CM codes); (ii) drug dispensing records (with ATC codes); and (iii) disease-specific exemptions from co-payments for healthcare services. HIV-related treatments, comorbidities and health service utilization were measured, as was adherence to clinical guidelines-recommended standards of care for diabetes.

Results
A population of 738 cases were identified in two Local Health Authorities in Italy, representing a prevalence of 0.14% of the general population, in line with the expected prevalence. Thirty-one cases of HIV patients diagnosed with diabetes were identified, a prevalence ratio of 4.2% compared to the 8% in the overall population. Adherence to diabetes standards of care tested within the same population was low, with the exception of those tests commonly administered for standard HIV follow-up care.

Conclusions
The use of administrative data, combined with a Population Health Management approach represents a powerful tool for evaluating system capacity to manage HIV comorbidities. Study findings prove that it is time to design new care models for PLWH, affected by one or more chronic conditions, both to prevent their onset and to manage their comorbidities.
Assessing Conservation Easement Landowners Adoption of Thinning
Authors: Gutierrez-Castillo Ana , Tanger Shaun M , Penn Jerrod , Blazier Michael A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Natural Resources Conservation Service has overseen several conservation easement programs in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), which have the primary objective to protect, restore, and enhance wetlands functions and to protect conservation values, such as wildlife habitat. Promotion of thinning in forests reaching or past canopy closure improves habitat conditions in forests under conservation easement. This study explicitly explores determinants that influence easement landowner voluntary adoption of thinning and characterizes landowners who are unwilling to thin in terms of management concerns, objective interference, and other reasons. The willingness-to-thin models demonstrated that membership in conservation organizations, different income expectations from thinning, and investment objectives positively influence landowners’ willingness to thin, whereas being an original easement grantor decreases the likelihood to thin such that subsequent landowners who will inherit or purchase the easement will be more willing to conduct thinning. Study results also indicated that landowners who had recreation as an ownership objective are less likely to adopt thinning, having important long-term implications for managing the forest in the easements. Findings from this study could be used to improve efforts to design and conduct educational interventions that promote forest health and wildlife habitat needs in the LMAV easements.
A balancing act: interactions within NuA4/TIP60 regulate picNuA4 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans
Authors: Lu Phoebe Y T , Kirlin Alyssa C , Aristizabal Maria J , Brewis Hilary T , Lévesque Nancy , Setiaputra Dheva T , Avvakumov Nikita , Benschop Joris J , Groot Koerkamp Marian , Holstege Frank C P , Krogan Nevan J , Yip Calvin K , Côté Jacques , Kobor Michael S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The NuA4 lysine acetyltransferase complex acetylates histone and nonhistone proteins and functions in transcription regulation, cell cycle progression, and DNA repair. NuA4 harbors an interesting duality in that its catalytic module can function independently and distinctly as picNuA4. At the molecular level, picNuA4 anchors to its bigger brother via physical interactions between the C-terminus of Epl1 and the HSA domain of Eaf1, the NuA4 central scaffolding subunit. This is reflected at the regulatory level, as picNuA4 can be liberated genetically from NuA4 by disrupting the Epl1−Eaf1 interaction. As such, removal of either Eaf1 or the Epl1 C-terminus offers a unique opportunity to elucidate the contributions of Eaf1 and Epl1 to NuA4 biology and in turn their roles in balancing picNuA4 and NuA4 activities. Using high-throughput genetic and gene expression profiling, and targeted functional assays to compare eaf1Δ and epl1-CΔ mutants, we found that EAF1 and EPL1 had both overlapping and distinct roles. Strikingly, loss of EAF1 or its HSA domain led to a significant decrease in the amount of picNuA4, while loss of the Epl1 C-terminus increased picNuA4 levels, suggesting starkly opposing effects on picNuA4 regulation. The eaf1Δ epl1-CΔ double mutants resembled the epl1-CΔ single mutants, indicating that Eaf1’s role in picNuA4 regulation depended on the Epl1 C-terminus. Key aspects of this regulation were evolutionarily conserved, as truncating an Epl1 homolog in human cells increased the levels of other picNuA4 subunits. Our findings suggested a model in which distinct aspects of the Epl1−Eaf1 interaction regulated picNuA4 amount and activity.
Understanding the role of glycation in the pathology of various non-communicable diseases along with novel therapeutic strategies
Authors: Bangar Nilima S , Gvalani Armaan , Ahmad Saheem , Khan Mohd S , Tupe Rashmi S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glycation refers to carbonyl group condensation of the reducing sugar with the free amino group of protein, which forms Amadori products and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These AGEs alter protein structure and function by configuring a negative charge on the positively charged arginine and lysine residues. Glycation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, brain disorders, aging, and gut microbiome dysregulation with the aid of 3 mechanisms: (i) formation of highly reactive metabolic pathway-derived intermediates, which directly affect protein function in cells, (ii) the interaction of AGEs with its associated receptors to create oxidative stress causing the activation of transcription factor NF-κB, and (iii) production of extracellular AGEs hinders interactions between cellular and matrix molecules affecting vascular and neural genesis. Therapeutic strategies are thus required to inhibit glycation at different steps, such as blocking amino and carbonyl groups, Amadori products, AGEs-RAGE interactions, chelating transition metals, scavenging free radicals, and breaking crosslinks formed by AGEs. The present review focused on explicitly elaborating the impact of glycation-influenced molecular mechanisms in developing and treating noncommunicable diseases.
In It for the Money? Academic Publishing, Open Access and the Authors’ Claim to Self-Determination in Private International Law
Authors: Westkamp Guido 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Open access research platforms are increasingly becoming the target of academic publishers claiming copyright infringement. Applicable law considerations are pivotal in such circumstances. The law governing the initial publishing agreement decides, ultimately, the extent to which rights have been transferred and the degree to which courts can exercise judicial control. Academic publishing differs significantly from standard copyright contracts. Academic authors customarily remain unremunerated and are expected to transfer all rights on an exclusive basis. Exclusivity thus eradicates the proliferation of open access platforms altogether. The article discusses the most relevant concerns that arise in private international contract law under the Rome I Regulation as a matter of material justice. German substantive copyright contract law and the general principles affording protection to authors underpinning it, most importantly as regards the fundamental principle of equitable remuneration and its limits. The article dismisses the conventional approach as regards both contractual choices of law and the closest connection analysis and proposes, based on more subtle considerations of material justice as a relevant factor in modern EU private international law, the application of special conflict rules so as to alleviate the problematic effects of uninhibited contractual freedom of contract, as a mechanism to avoid the designation of, particularly, a common law copyright jurisdiction imposed by way of predetermined terms governing the agreement. The article demonstrates, ultimately, that an author’s claims to self-determination must outweigh the commercial interests of publishers, inadvertently providing open access platforms with legal certainty and freedom to republish.