bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMON BEAN GENETICALLY MODIFIED WITH THE RECOMBINANT DEFENSIN pdf1.2 TOLERANT TO ROOT ROT DISEASE
Authors: Sánchez-García Bertha María , Mora-Avilés María Alejandra 
Published: February 2022

Pathogenic fungi are responsible for root rot in common beans. However, an efficient control of this situation has not been possible, either because the genetic diversity of common beans lacks resistance genes or because control methods have a limited effectiveness. Lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Flor de Mayo Anita (FMA) —genetically modified with the defensin gene (pdf1.2) from Arabidopsis thaliana— were evaluated under confinement conditions to determine their protective capacity against the Fusarium oxysporum and F. lateritium fungi. Twenty-five plants from five homozygous lines (T4 FMA-pdf1.2 L2, L3, L4, L7, and L9) were placed in 1-L pots containing Sunshine Mix® No. 6. Then they incubated with 2.0 × 105 conidia mL-1 of Fusarium oxysporum and, 21 days later, with 2.5 × 105 conidia mL-1 of F. lateritium. The non-genetically modified controls were FMA common bean plants and cv. Montcalm, incubated and non-incubated with pathogens. The plants were evaluated 21 d after each inoculation, based on a semiquantitative evaluation scale. The evaluation of the plants inoculated with F. oxysporum indicated that the five FMA-pdf1.2 lines showed a significantly lower severity than the control plants; likewise, lines L3 and L9 had a better performance. Meanwhile, F. lateritium damaged up to 25 % of the hypocotyl and root tissues of all the FMA-pdf1.2 common bean lines; this percentage is significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than the damage percentage in the control plants, which reached 50 % of the tissues. There was an inverse correlation between the transcriptional expression levels of the pdf1.2 gene and the protection degree conferred (R2 = -0.93): the five FMA-pdf1.2 lines were less severely damaged by F. oxysporum and F. lateritium (within the tolerance margin).
A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF DIETARY PRACTICES AND NUTRITION STATUS OF FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KENYATTA UNIVERSITY, KENYA
Authors: Waweru Grace 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to establish the dietary practices, assess nutrition status based on body mass index and the relationship between dietary diversity and nutrition status of female undergraduate students at Kenyatta University, Kenya.Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design involving sample of 422 female undergraduate students randomly selected from Kenyatta University. Minimum Dietary Diversity – Women and Food Frequency Questionnaire were used to assess the dietary practices of the female students. Weight and height were measured to assess the nutrition status of the female students. Data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.Results: The results showed that 64.0% of the participants had consumed ≥ 5 food groups while 36% had consumed <5 food groups over a period of 24 hours. In terms of nutrition status, 68.4% of the participants had normal Body Mass Index while 23.9% were overweight, 5.55% were underweight and 2.3% were obese. Minimum Dietary Diversity – Women was significantly associated with nutrition status (p=0.044).Recommendation: The results illustrated unhealthy eating habits and sub-optimal nutrition status among a significant number of the female students. Policy makers should scale up interventions that would help improve dietary practices of women of reproductive age particularly university students.
Implementasi Mode Operasi Kombinasi Cipher Block Chaining dan Metode LSB-1 Pada Pengamanan Data text
Authors: Afsari Melani , Mulyana Dadang Iskandar , Damaiyanti Alfiani , Sa’adah Naini 
Published: February 2022

Pengamanan data text diperlukan untuk menjaga informasi yang dirahasiakan agar tidak diketahui oleh orang lain kecuali orang yang diberihak untuk itu. Maka diperlukan pengaman data, salah satunya dengan mengkombinasikan Cipher Block Chaning (CBC) dan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB-1) pada pengamanan data text. Cipher Block Chaning memiliki kecepatan dan efisiensi lebih tinggi dan dinilai lebih mudah diimplementasikan. Sedangkan metode Steganografi Least Significant Bit mampu bekerja secara sederhana namun sangat efektif dalam menyisipkan pesan tersembunyi. Namun, beberapa peneliti dapat menemukan kekurangan pada metode LSB. Oleh karna itu LSB harus dikembangkan lagi. Melalui kombinasi Cipher Block Chaning dan Least Significant Bit-Sobel telah terbukti serta berhasil merahasiakan pesan dengan baik dan menghasilkan steganografi yang berkualitas tinggi setelah dilakukan pengujian Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) dan Mean Square Error (MSE). Proses hasil dari uji coba yang kami lakukan adalah Tahapan penelitian, Diagram Proses Kombinasi CBC dengan LSB-1, ubah karakter huruf menjadi biner, ubah angka menjadi biner, Proses Penukaran Bit Ke-7 (LSB-1) Citra Cover, biner hasil penggabungan antara Blok I Dan Blok II diubah menjadi sebuah kata, mengubah biner menjadi desimal, mengubah desimal menjadi huruf. Selain itu kami juga mebuat program sederhana yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan proses enkripsi secara otomatis.
Materialism, conspicuous consumption,
and brand engagement in self-concept:
a study of teenagers
Authors: Kolańska-Stronka Magdalena , Gorbaniuk Oleg 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionContemporary adolescents, also known as Generation Z, are an important group of consumers due to the role they play in today’s economy. The present study investigates the relationship between materialism and brand engagement in self-concept (BESC) and whether conspicuous consumption is a mediator of this relationship in early, middle, and late adolescence.Material and methodsThe participants were 581 students from Poland, aged 13 to 17 (M = 15 years, SD = 1.42); 51.6% of them were girls. Data were gathered using a demographic information form, the Youth Materialism Scale, the Conspicuous Consumption Scale, and a BESC Scale, completed during personal interviews.ResultsThe study indicated an association of higher materialism and higher conspicuous consumption with a higher level of BESC, where conspicuous consumption acts as a mediator of the correlation between materialism and BESC. Age also moderates this mediation, i.e., the older the teenagers are, the weaker is the analyzed mediation effect.ConclusionsThe research is part of an essential step in understanding the mechanism of BESC by testing a moderated mediation model in teenagers.
Temporary change in personality states among social media users: effects of Instagram use on Big Five personality states and consumers’ need
for uniqueness
Authors: Drążkowski Dariusz , Pietrzak Sebastian , Mądry Laura 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionResearch suggests that certain personality traits influence the frequency of social media use. However, the potential effect of social media use on personality states merits investigation as well, in light of the personality dynamics approach.Material and methodsWe conducted an experimental study in which 325 Instagram users were asked to count selfies and emoticons on their Instagram profiles (experimental condition) or their phones (control condition). Subsequently, all participants responded to questions from the Big Five personality inventory and scale to measure the need for uniqueness in consumption.ResultsInstagram users had a higher neuroticism state and a higher need for uniqueness compared with the controls. In terms of the other Big Five states, we observed no differences between the study conditions.ConclusionsOur study explores the novel direction of the relationship between social media use and personality, suggesting that using Instagram can temporarily change personality states.
GAMBARAN ANGKA KEJADIAN YANG MENGALAMI GANGGUAN MENSTRUASI PADA AKSEPTOR IMPLAN DI KLINIK RONNY KECAMATAN LUMBANJULU KABUPATEN TOBA TAHUN 2021
Authors: Ambarita Bernadetta , SUSANTY BUTARBUTAR DESY 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang : Menstruasi adalah keadaan fisiologis atau normal, merupakan peristiwa keluarnya darah, lendir, dan sisa-sisa sel secara berkala dari mukosa rahim dan terjadi relatif teratur dari menarche sampai menopause, kecuali selama kehamilan dan menyusui. Durasi perdarahan pada menstruasi bervariasi, umumnya 4-6 hari, tetapi 2-9 hari masih dianggap fisiologis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian gangguan menstruasi khususnya pada akseptor KB implan dengan menempatkan gangguan menstruasi polimenore, oligomenore, dan poligomenore. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan atau mendeskripsikan masalah penelitian.
Metode : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian ang mengalami gangguan menstruasi pada akseptor Implan di Klinik Ronny Kab. Toba tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. sampel sebanyak 28 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada akseptor yang menggunakan KB Implan di Klinik Ronny Kab. Toba tahun 2021 Peneliti menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder yang diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS dan disajikan dengan menggunakan tabel terbuka.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 28 responden yang memakai KB Implan yang mengalami gangguan menstruasi di Klinik Ronny di Toba. Amenore sebanyak 15 responden (53,6%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa angka kejadian mengalami gangguan menstruasi paling banyak adalah amenore yaitu sebanyak 15 responden, dan yang paling sedikit dirasakan oleh akseptor KB implan adalah oligomenore sebanyak 4 responden.
Kesimpulan : perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pengenalan kontrasepsi Implan yang mempengaruhi menstruasi agar dapat ditemukan penanganan yang lebih baik. Bidan dan tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan KIE dan penyuluhan tentang manfaat dan efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi. Dan selalu pantau perubahan efek samping agar jika ada kelainan dapat segera diatasi.
EDUKASI KESADARAN SISWA TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN VARIAN OMICRON DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TATAP MUKA TERBATAS
Authors: Susilawati Evi , Khaira Imamul , Afrida Wiwik 
Published: February 2022

Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyebaran Varian Omicron di masa Pandemi COVID-19 pada siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui media edukasi daring berupa gambar tentang pencegahan Varian Omicron di masa Pandemi COVID-19. Varian Omicron ini merupakan Varian baru dari Varian COVID-19 yang menunjukkan bahwa Omicron menimbulkan risiko infeksi ulang yang lebih tinggi. WHO menyebut varian baru ini telah mengalami sangat banyak mutasi, dibandingkan varian-varian lainnya. Untuk mengatasi penyebaran Varian tersebut dalam pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas saat ini, perlu dilakukan pencegahannya dengan mengedukasi siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui kegiatan penggunaan media pembelajaran cetak dengan menggunakan poster. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini agar para siswa dapat dengan mudah memahami bahaya penyebaran Varian Omicron salah satu Varian dari Covid-19 dan mampu melakukan pencegahannya secara tepat dengan menggunakan media cetak ini. Penggunaan media cetak dalam kegiatan edukasi ini dimaksudkan agar siswa dapat dengan mudah menerima informasi yang disampaikan oleh tim Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. Efektifitas kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini menggunakan kuesioner melalui kegiatan pre tes dan pos tes. Hasil dari pretes dan postes menunjukkan telah terjadi peningkatan kesadaran siswa dalam pencegahan dan penyebaran Varian Omicron dalam kegiatan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas pada siswa Sekolah Dasar Setia Budi Abadi Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupoaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi sumatera Utara pada tahun pelajaran 2021/2022.
Analisis Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Pernikahan Dini Desa Balimbingan Kecamatan Tanah Jawa Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Sagala Doren Lestari , Nyorong Mppeaty , Marianti Endang 
Published: February 2022

Pernikahan usia dini menurut Undang-undang No.16 tahun 2019 adalah pernikahan yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dibawah usia 19 tahun. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap pernikahan usia dini di Desa Balimbingan Kecamatan Tanah Jawa Kabupaten Simalungun.Jenis penelitian ini dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (Mixed Methods) dengan menggunakan desain case control. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 84 responden. 42 responden kasus dan 42 responden kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik berganda pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Data kualitatif melalui data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, dan verification.Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh dengan pernikahan usia dini adalah faktorpendidikan responden (p-value= 0,000) OR= 9,342, faktor pengetahuan (p-value=0,000), OR=3,333, ekonomi orangtua (p-value=0,000) OR=44,615, dan faktor yang tidak berpengaruh dengan pernikahan usia dini ialah kepercayaan budaya (p-value= 0,063) OR=6,667 pola asuh (p-value=0,424) OR=3,200. Variabel dominan atau variabel yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap pernikahan dini dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel ekonomi mempunyai nilai OR = 44,615 artinya maka perempuan yang memiliki orang tua dengan ekonomi rendah berisiko 44 kali melakukan pernikahan usia dini dibandingkan dengan perempuan yang memiliki ekonomi tinggi.Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa pendidikan, pengetahuan, ekonomiberpengaruh terhadap pernikahan usai dini. Disarankan kepada KUA agar memberikan informasi kepada pasangan baru terkait dampak pernikahan usia dini, selain itu untuk masyarakat yaitu pemberian informasi pendidikan kesehatan bagi remaja.
Analisis Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Pemeriksaan ANC Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Puskesmas Alai Kota Padang Tahun 2021
Authors: Harahap Mariana Br , Suroyo Razia Begum , Safitri Mey Elisa 
Published: February 2022

Upaya percepatan penurunan AKI dilakukan dengan menjamin agar setiap ibu mampu mengakses pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil melau ANC. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi pemeriksaan ANC pada ibu hamil di wilayah Puskesmas Alai Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini mixed method bentuk kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Populasi 112 orang dengan sampel menggunakan rumus slovin sebanyak 53 responden, sedangkan informan kualitatif terdiri dari 2 ibu hamil, 2 suami, 2 bidan serta 1 kepala puskesmas. Analisis data kuantitatif dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi binary logistik. Analisis data kualitatif meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data serta menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh variabel paritas p=0,035, pendidikan p=0,001, pekerjaan p=0,012, penghasilan keluarga p=0,806, jarak pelayanan kesehatan p=0,005, dukungan suami p=0,002, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan p=0,000 dan peran tenaga kesehatan p=0,003. Pada analisis multivariat yang paling berpengaruh yaitu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dengan p = 0.001 dan dukungan suami p = 0.003. Secara kualitatif kurangnya dukungan suami yang menyebabkan ibu tidak melakukan pemeriksaan ANC, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Alai telah memadai namun jarak pelayanan kesehatan yang jauh serta kondisi pandemi yang juga menyebabkan ibu tidak melakukan pemeriksaan ANC. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan serta dukungan suami merupakan faktor yang paling dominan pengaruhnya terhadap kunjungan ANC. Disarankan kepada Puskesmas Alai agar mengoptimalkan fasilitas pelayanan ibu hamil untuk tercapainya kesejahteraan ibu dan bayi, suami agar memberikan dukungan kepada ibu hamil untuk melakukan pemeriksaan ANC.
Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: dominant role of secondary ice production
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Wu Wei , McFarquhar Greg M. , Xue Ming , Morrison Hugh , Milbrandt Jason , Korolev Alexei V. , Hu Yachao , Qu Zhipeng , Wolde Mengistu , Nguyen Cuong , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Heckman Ivan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. High ice water content (HIWC) regions in tropical deep convective clouds, composed of high concentrations of small ice crystals, were not reproduced by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations at 1 km horizontal grid spacing using four different bulk microphysics schemes (i.e., the WRF single‐moment 6‐class microphysics scheme (WSM6), the Morrison scheme and the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme with one- and two-ice options) for conditions encountered during the High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC) and HIWC experiment. Instead, overestimates of radar reflectivity and underestimates of ice number concentrations were realized. To explore formation mechanisms for large numbers of small ice crystals in tropical convection, a series of quasi-idealized WRF simulations varying the model resolution, aerosol profile, and representation of secondary ice production (SIP) processes are conducted based on an observed radiosonde released at Cayenne during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign. The P3 two-ice category configuration, which has two “free” ice categories to represent all ice-phase hydrometeors, is used. Regardless of the horizontal grid spacing or aerosol profile used, without including SIP processes the model produces total ice number concentrations about 2 orders of magnitude less than observed at −10 ∘C and about an order of magnitude less than observed at −30 ∘C but slightly overestimates the total ice number concentrations at −45 ∘C. Three simulations including one of three SIP mechanisms separately (i.e., the Hallett–Mossop mechanism, fragmentation during ice–ice collisions, and shattering of freezing droplets) also do not replicate observed HIWCs, with the results of the simulation including shattering of freezing droplets most closely resembling the observations. The simulation including all three SIP processes produces HIWC regions at all temperature levels, remarkably consistent with the observations in terms of ice number concentrations and radar reflectivity, which is not replicated using the original P3 two-ice category configuration. This simulation shows that primary ice production plays a key role in generating HIWC regions at temperatures <-40 ∘C, shattering of freezing droplets dominates ice particle production in HIWC regions at temperatures between −15 and 0 ∘C during the early stage of convection, and fragmentation during ice–ice collisions dominates at temperatures between −15 and 0 ∘C during the later stage of convection and at temperatures between −40 and −20 ∘C over the whole convection period. This study confirms the dominant role of SIP processes in the formation of numerous small crystals in HIWC regions.
Emissions of greenhouse gases from energy use in agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 1970–2019
Authors: Flammini Alessandro , Pan Xueyao , Tubiello Francesco Nicola , Qiu Sally Yue , Rocha Souza Leonardo , Quadrelli Roberta , Bracco Stefania , Benoit Philippe , Sims Ralph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Fossil-fuel-based energy use in agriculture leads to CO2 and
non-CO2 emissions. We focus on emissions generated within the farm gate
and from fisheries, providing information relative to the period 1970–2019,
for both energy use, as input activity data and the associated greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions. Country-level information is generated from United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and
International Energy Agency (IEA) data on energy in agriculture (including forestry and fisheries),
relative to use of gas/diesel oil, motor gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG), natural gas, fuel oil and coal. Electricity used within the farm gate
is also quantified, while recognizing that the associated emissions are
generated elsewhere. We find that, in 2019, annual emissions from energy use
in agriculture were about 523 million tonnes (Mt CO2eq yr−1​​​​​​​),
while when including electricity they were 1029 Mt CO2eq yr−1, having
increased 7 % from 1990. The largest emission increase from on-farm fuel
combustion was from LPG (32 %), whereas significant decreases were
observed for coal (−55 %), natural gas (−50 %), motor gasoline (−42 %)
and fuel oil (−37 %). Conversely, the use of electricity and the associated
indirect emissions increased 3-fold over the 1990–2019 period, thus
becoming the largest emission source from energy use in agriculture since
2005. Overall, the global trends were a result of counterbalancing effects:
marked decreases in developed countries in 2019 compared to 1990
(−273 Mt CO2eq yr−1) were masked by slightly larger increases in
developing and emerging economies (+339 Mt CO2eq yr−1). The
information used in this work is available as open data at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5153241 (Tubiello and Pan, 2021). The relevant
Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) (FAO,
2021b) on emissions is maintained and updated annually by FAO.
Analysis of Theme and Rheme of The Text in a Book of Physics for grade VII of Junior High School
Authors: Kasmita Yuria , Sujarwati Iis 
Published: February 2022

Theme and rheme as the main attention which will be discussed in a text and the theme will be supported by the rheme. Rheme is supporting sentences which will explain the theme more detail, so the readers can get the messages deeply which will be conveyed by the writer. This study aims to analyse the theme and rheme in bilingual book, a Book of Physics for grade VII of Junior High School. The objective of this study to know the theme and rheme from source language into target language, whether the theme and the rheme has preserved or has changed. The object in this research is a book, a Book of Physics for grade VII of Junior High School. We will analyse some texts or passages in this which are written in English and Indonesian. This research is quantitative research which will be analyzed the text descriptively based on their textual equivalence: thematic structure
Women’s Stereotypes in the Novel Perempuan Bayangan: A Structural Approach Study
Authors: Jeprayana Jeprayana , Andra Vebbi , Sari Wenny Aulia 
Published: February 2022

This research was aimed to describe the intrinsic elements and the stereotypes of women found in the main characters of the novel Perempuan Bayangan by Netty Virgiantini. This research was designed by using a qualitative approach and content analysis method. In this research, the researchers implemented documentation techniques (literature study) in collecting the data of this research. Moreover, the interactive framework was used as the data analysis technique. The result of this research revealed that the intrinsic elements found in the novel included the theme (the eternity of love), characters, and the characterization. The characters and characterization consisted of the major characters, the supporting characters, and the shadow characters. The major characters were Ningrum, Satria and Padmi. The supporting characters were Ponco, Pandu, Pratiwi, Mrs. Sinta, Kokok, Tia, Satria’s mother and Ningrum’s mother. The shadow character was Utari. The setting of this novel included the Satria’s living room, pujahera, kitchen, boarding room, in the toast stall, restaurant, Ningrum's parents' house, office, sofa, the landlord's house. The setting of time included in the morning, evening, afternoon, and noon. The plot of the novel was chronological, and the points of views were first-person and third-person. The figure of speech included simile and oxymoron. Moreover, the moral values showed that one of the best ways in loving someone who died is by letting them go and praying for their peace in heaven, and never judge people at will by comparing them to the other ones as each person has its different strengths and weaknesses from each other. The woman’s stereotype found in the novel was that marriage was just based on personal benefits. The silence of women was considered as a sign of agreement on anything. Husband compared his wife to other women, and yelled at the wife whenever she was doing something.