bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Penalty of Imprisonment and the Rights of Prisoners in Islam and the West: A Comparative Study
Authors: Khan Dr. Wajahat , Nadeem Dr. Muhammad Tayyeb , Khan Dr. Naveed Altaf 
Published: September 2022

Imprisonment is a restriction of human liberty; Punishment of imprisonment is accepted form in Islamic and modern western world. Evidences of imprisonment are found in Quran and the Sunnah as during the life time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), people used to be detained in the mosque. First jail was established during the time of Caliph Ali, in Islamic History. Islam allows to impose imprisonment on accused and convicted offenders and imprisonment even can be for a short time or in some cases it might be for life time. Islam considerers imprisonment as a discretionary punishment; the judge has an option to exercise punishment of imprisonment against any person if he thinks better for the reformation of any criminal. Islamic teachings urge to provide prisoners with other rights as food, clothing, education and medical treatment in case of any health-related issue along with healthy environment for residing. Initially, in the west there was no concept of imprisonment, first time jail was established in 1552 in the UK. In the beginning prisoners were deprived of basic rights as proper residence, food, clothing and sanitation. In addition to it, they were maltreated by jail authorities. In 18th century, the reforms were introduced in the western world where new laws were made in favor of prisoners and prisoners were divided into different categories on which different facilities were provided to them. Imprisonment is considered as a primary punishment; it is being exercised against all sort of criminals whether it is in accordance with their nature of crimes or not.
The reasons for the arrival of the hadith and its impact on the understanding of the hadith
Authors: Iqbal Dr. Farzana , Gul Hafiza Maah , Noor Hafiza Mah 
Published: September 2022

It is imposible to understand The Ahkam-e-Deen without knowing the Ahadees of Prophet (ﷺ). In order to get the correct Knowledge of the hadees (Hadith ), It is necessory to know the”Asbab-e- warood-e-Hadith” That is why the narrators gave it the status of ilm (knowledge), an they has been made it obligatory for undertanding the Hadith as it is imposibe to understand The Quran without knowing the “Shan-e-nazool” so it is not possible to get the correct knowledge of the Hadith without knowing the Asbab-e-warood-e-Hadith. In this article the importance of ilm-e- Asbab-e-wrood-e-Hadith has been discused for the understanding of Hadith and the types of this ilm,Its importnace, Its relation to the Shan-e-Nazool and the beniftsof this have been explained. In preparing this article,authenticand basic sources have been used directly so that the research work can be accepted and students can benefit from it.
Concept of Social Reform, In the Light of Semitic Religions
Authors: Khursheed Muhammad , Imran Dr. Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Social reform is a combination of two beautiful words. As soon as this beautiful and charming combination of two words is founded to be read, written, and spoken, then in the windows of our minds and brains all the evils in the society which have poised the society begin to circulate who have poised the society. From moral degradation to lack of moral values, adulteration, lying, looting, fraud, lust of wealth, bribery, betrayal, slander, gossip, backbitting, jealousy, cruelty, misguidance, vengeance, extremism , hatred, obstinacy, alcoholism, immorality, vindictiveness, extremist ideas, social and societal disorder, economic and social unrest, these are all social evils that have become a menace to our society. Allah almighty sent the Holy Prophets to remove this scourge of the society and to guide and reform the people living in the society . Give books and various shariahs to some of the Prophets so that these social evils spread in the society can be corrected. There is also greatest need of man which cannot be denied.
Sacral hiatus anatomical variations and clinical relevance in caudal epidural block
Authors: Solan Shweta , Muni Manoja Kumar , Das Sudeepa 
Published: September 2022

Objective: For the management of perioperative pain control during procedures like genitourinary surgery and labor pain instances when the sacral epidural space technique is utilized for the application of analgesia, caudal epidural anesthesia (CEB) is frequently used. CEB is an anesthetic that is injected through the sacral hiatus (SH) into the sacral canal. Anatomical features of sacral hiatus that are in-depth are needed for the best possible access to the sacral epidural area. By employing the sacral bone as a point of reference to failure parameters for evaluating caudal epidural anesthesia and refining the success factors in practice, this study intends to explore the anatomical structures and variations of the Sacral hiatus. Material and methods: 85 sacral bones had their alignment points measured precisely morphometrically. Virtual calipers were used to take the readings were used to evaluate those utilizing photogrammetric techniques. Results: Inverted U was the most frequent sacral hiatus form reported (33.32%), although bifida and 6.8% 3.44% of cases frequently missing sacral hiatus were also seen. The mean Sacral hiatus length was 28.67.0 mm, the mean intracorneal distance was 13.472.68 mm, and the mean gap between the apex of the Sacral hiatus and S2 sacral foramen was 34.677.08 mm.
Correlation between disease severity and quality of life index in psoriasis patients treated with Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506
Authors: Umborowati Menul Ayu , Syamsuri Almira , Endaryanto Anang , Surono Ingrid S. , Thio Hok Bing , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit 
Published: September 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease that affects both genders at all ages. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between psoriasis area severity index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for patients with plaque psoriasis before and after treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506. This was a before after cohort study. Adults with mild to moderate psoriasis were recruited into the study. All participants received the original Indonesian probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 at a dose of 2x1010 colony forming units (CFU) per day for six weeks. A total of 22 patients, with a mean age of 43 years, participated in the study. Participants had psoriasis for an average of 14 years. There was a correlation between PASI score and several quality-of-life questionnaire elements in certain condition, such as professional jobs, unemployment, obesity, and joint symptoms. The correlation between particular conditions reveals that occupations, obesity, and joint symptoms have a greater impact on psoriasis patients.
PENERAPAN SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PADA LEMBAGA PENYELENGGARA PELAYANAN NAVIGASI PENERBANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Fiyanzar Adin Eka , Nusraningrum Dewi , Arofat Osman 
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the implementation of Safety Management System (SMS) and the use of information system on the Flight Safety in the Indonesian Air Navigation Services Organization both partially and simultaneously. The research uses quantitative methods, and the data are analyzed using linear regression, simple correlation both partially and simultaneously and path analysis. The result shows; implementation of Safety Management System (X1) as measured by the Flight Safety (Y) has a positive and significant contribution on the level of Flight Safety. The amount of the application contribution of Safety Management System that directly contributes to the Flight Safety is 35.4%, so the research hypothesis which states that the Safety Management System application directly impacts significantly on Aviation Safety is accepted; the use of Information Systems (X2) as measured by the Flight Safety (Y) has a positive and significant contribution on the level of Flight Safety. The use of information systems contributions that directly contributes to aviation safety is 38.4%, so the hypothesis which states that the use of information system directly affects significantly the flight safety is acceptable; the total effect of simultaneous application of Safety Management System (X1) and the use of Information Systems (X2) contribute significantly to the Flight Safety (Y) as much as 66.3%. The remaining 33.7% is the influence of the other factors such as refresher and development training for air navigation personnel, aviation navigation equipment renewal and observation flight
Kompetensi Karyawan Operasional Bongkar Muat dalam Pencapaian Berthing Time
Authors: Angkoso Guntur , Setyawati Aswanti 
Published: September 2022

PT Mustika Alam Lestari is a container loading and unloading service at Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta. The service prioritizes on the customers’ needs, by having competent operational employees and available loading and unloading equipment, so that the berthing time is well achieved. This study aims to analyze the effect of operational employee competency and loading and unloading equipment on berthing time. The research method used was descriptive verification with data analysis using multiple linear regressions. Primary data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires with 61 people as the samples from operational division employees at PT Mustika Alam Lestari, Jakarta. The result of this research is the success in berthing time is the integration of operational employees’ competence and loading and unloading equipment. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that operational employees’ competence and loading equipment show a positive and significant effect on berthing time.
The Implementation of Air Facilitation (FAL) Activities in Juanda-Surabaya International Airport
Authors: Handayani Ajun Dwi , Kania Dinar Dewi , Majid Suharto Abdul 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the priority of improving the implementation of Air Facilitation (FAL) activities at CIQ (Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine) at Juanda International Airport, Surabaya. The analytical method uses AHP (Analytic Heirarchy Process) analysis. Data obtained through interviews with 5 (five) experts and questionnaires to 10 (ten) people consisting of 5 (five) experts and 5 (five) CIQ (Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine) officers at Surabaya International Airport. The results showed that the Air Facilitation (FAL) activities in the CIQ Section of Juanda International Airport in Surabaya had been going well, but specifically considering the limited space / place in the terminal, the implementation of the Facilitation function (FAL) at the Airport still need to be further improved. The results of the analysis process by AHP analysis based on data processing with expert choice software weighting on the customs sub-criteria (customs) contained in the departure facilitation at T1 (service and monitoring posts are too narrow and TPS is not available and the area for K-9 placement), Swallow Toilet and control room.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS TINGKAT PELAYANAN DAN KINERJA RUAS JALAN INSPEKSI KALIMLANG
Authors: Yasmin Alfira Fadilla , Setiawan Danny 
Published: September 2022

Inspeksi Kalimalang Street is the street connecting to industrial areas of Jababeka, MM2000, EJIP, Delta Mas and other industrial areas. According to Detik Finance (2017), 2.125 factory units of 25 countries locate in area of Bekasi District, Because mobility of in-out industrial vehicles transporting raw materials or products from and to export destinations are high, vehicles frequently collect in Inspeksi Kalimalang Street. This study aims at analyzing capacity of service level and performance of Inspeksi Kalimalang Street and analyzing comparison of line change based on (MKJI 1997). The results of analysis indicate that street condition with lane (2/2 UD) of segment one had service level F with mean capacity value (C)=2674,136 smp/hour in west direction and 2728,394 smp/hour in east direction. Mean saturation degree value of segment one (DS) = 0,821 in west direction and 0,776 in east direction > 0,75 as MKJI recommended. Whereas the result of lane widening comparison into (4/2 D) in segment one had service level D, where mean capacity value of segment one (C)=3130,807 smp/hour in west direction and 3265,890 smp/hour in east direction. Mean saturation degree value of segment one (DS) = 0,700 in west direction and 0,647 in east direction < 0,75 as MKJI 1997 recommended.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ДУХОВНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В ЭПОСЕ «МАНАС»
Authors: Масалиева Н.У. 
Published: September 2022

В данной статье рассматривается духовная лексика эпоса Манас. Цель работы-исследование научно-теоретических проблем деление духовной лексики эпоса Манас на тематические и лексико-семантические группы. Анализ духовной лексики эпоса в статье осуществляется на основе описательных и сравнительных методов языка. Проведен научный обзор взглядов некоторых ученых на тематические и лексико-семантические классификации групп слов в языкознании, а также на этой основе определены основные теоретические положения их принципов классификации. В качестве подтверждения вышеуказанных положений и теоретических вопросов были приведены иллюстративные материалы из эпоса Манас, являющейся ярким наследием кыргызского народа. Эпос Манас включает в себя лексику, связанную с различными ритуалами и традициями в связи с рождением ребенка, с проводами невесты в семью жениха, отражающего духовную культуру кыргызского народа. Проведенный лексический анализ данной лексико-семантической группы слов показал, что данное исследование нуждается в дальнейшем исследовании.
ЭТИМОЛОГИЯ СЛОВ ВЫРАЖАЮЩИХ КОНЦЕПТ «МУЖЧИНА»
Authors: Караева З.К. , Жороева А.М. 
Published: September 2022

В данной статье в качестве предмета исследования концепт «эркек-мужчина». Цель исследования - определить этимологию и происхождение слова *er “мужчина”, влияние фонетических и морфологических изменений слова на их семантические значения, взаимосвязь между значениями производных слов, передачу первичных значений слова, их формы в родственных и неродственных языках. Происхождение слова er/мужчина, его производных в родственных и неродственных языках, фонетические изменения, чередование и развитие звуков, формирование значений, сходства семантических значений изучались с помощью сравнительно-исторического метода, основанного на данных из этимологических словарей и различных исторических источников. Результаты проведенного исследования показали, что пракорень*er имеет сходные рефлексы с общими фонетическими и семантическими чертами в тюркских, индоевропейских и китайском языках. Новизна полученных результатов заключается в научной обоснованности этимологического анализа репрезентативов концепта “er/мужчина” данных, которые получены из исторических источников, достоверности предположений о происхождении слова *er в языках Евразии. Статья может быть использована при преподавании сравнительного языкознания, лексикологии, типологии, концептологии в высшей школе.
ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ДИНАМИКА РАЗВИТИЯ КЫРГЫЗСКОГО ЛИТЕРАТУРНОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Шакирова М.Р. , Калыбекова З.С. 
Published: September 2022

В статье предметом исследования является вопрос о том, что в настоящее время диалектизмы используются в произведениях писателей, статьях журналистов и, таким образом, постепенно входят в обыденную речь кыргызов, затем в кыргызский литературный язык. Были ссылки на исследования, идеи ученых-лингвистов, занимающихся изучением диалектизмов. С изучением перехода диалектизмов в литературный язык было установлено, что в любом случае диалектизмы служат лексической базой для развития литературного языка. Также в статье были затронуты вопросы о методах изучения путей перехода диалектизмов в литературный язык и цели использования диалектизмов авторами литературных произведений на конкретных примерах.
Biochemical Evaluation of Cotton Genotypes using Soluble Protein, Esterase (EST), Peroxidase (POX) And Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) and their Role in Plant Disease Resistance
Authors: V.V. Ujjainkar  , V.D. Patil  , S.S. Mane  , M.P. Moharil  
Published: September 2022

Isozyme analysis is a powerful biochemical technique that has numerous applications in plant biology. It has long been used by geneticists to study the population genetics. The isozyme esterase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were standardized for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines collected from all over the country. The knowledge of nature and magnitude of genetic diversity present in the germplasm is most important pre-requisite for the success of any breeding program. The thirty-four cotton germplasm lines were screened for prime three isozymes based on quantification assay and qualitative PAGE profiling. Among the material, the genotype AKH – 24 (190.60 mg ml-1), AKH – 053 (189.42 mg ml-1) and VIKAS (184.53 mg ml-1) recorded high protein content, whereas the enzymatic activities of esterase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase exhibited remarkable differences along with the protein content. The genotype LRA–5166 exhibited high esterase (462.68 mM mg protein-1 min-1) and peroxidase activity (250.97mM mg protein-1 min-1), while AKH – 24 recorded the maximum polyphenol oxidase activity (131.45 mM mg protein-1min-1). The banding pattern of biochemical markers revealed that the maximum number of bands were recorded in esterase analysis (fifteen) followed by protein (twelve) whereas, only five bands each were detected in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase analysis indicating limited polymorphism. The Relative Mobility (Rm) values were ranged from 0.083 to 0.883 (protein), 0.100 to 0.971 (esterase), 0.033 to 0.283 (peroxidase) and 0.048 to 0.206 (polyphenol oxidase). The present study demonstrated that cotton genotypes could be differentiated by their quantity and quality through electrophoretic banding profiles. These results could be of practical value for cultivar identification, purity testing along with associated prediction of pest and disease resistance. However, the major constraint is that these biochemical markers do not able to reproduce the similar kind of variation pattern, but can provide strong distinguishing polymorphism each time.
KEDUDUKAN HAK TANGGUNGAN TERHADAP HAK GUNA BANGUNAN ATAS TANAH RUMAH TINGGAL
Authors: Azis Abdul 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lahir dan berakhirnya hak tanggungan terhadap hak guna bangunan atas tanah rumah tinggal dan mengetahui kedudukan hak tanggungan terhadap hak guna bangunan atas tanah rumah tinggal. Jenis data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer, yaitu data yang langsung diperoleh dari penelitian lapangan. Dalam hal ini adalah data yang diperoleh dari Kantor PPAT Makassar.Sedangkan data sekunder,yaitu data yang diperoleh secara tidak langsung yang memberikan keterangan tambahan atau keterangan pendukung data primer. Termasuk dalam data ini data yang diperoleh dalam bahan pustaka,pendapat para ahli, tulisan- tulisan dalam buku ilmiah dan literatur-literatur yang mendukung.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Pasal 22 UUHT setelah Hak Tanggungan hapus,Kantor Pertanahan mencoret catatan Hak Tanggungan tersebut pada bukti tanah hak atas tanah dan setifikatnya. Adapun sertifikat Hak Tanggungan yang bersangkutan ditarik dan bersama-sama buku Hak Tanggungan dinyatakan tidak berlaku lagi oleh Kantor Pertanahan. Jika sertifikat sebagaimana dimaksud diatas karena sesuatu sebab tidak dikembalikan kepada Kantor Pertanahan, hal tersebut dicatat pada buku tanah Hak Tanggungan. Berdasarkan ketentuan Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala Badan. Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 5 Tahun 1998, saat hapusnya Hak Tanggungan adalah pada saat pendaftaran Hak Milik. Oleh karena itu, sebelum perubahan hak didaftar,pemegang hak atas tanah sebaiknya memberikan SKMHT dengan objek Hak Milik yang diperolehnya,karena setelah Hak Milik terdaftar,Hak Tanggungan tersebut menjadi hapus.Pada saat hapusnya Hak Tanggungan itu kreditor menjadi kreditor konkuren yang hanya dijamin dengan SKMHT.Namun, kemudian kreditor dapat membuat APHT berdasarkan SKMHT itu
Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Ecuadorian high school students
Authors: Tixe Manobanda Yessenia Alexandra , Fernández Nieto Miriam Ivonne 
Published: September 2022

Background: sexually transmitted diseases are infections that are spread from one person to another through non-responsible sexual contact. Aim: to analyze the relationship between knowledge and the risk of sexually transmitted diseases in high school students. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out in an educational unit in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua-Ecuador, with a sample of 250 high school students. The data collection technique was a survey aimed at finding out sociodemographic information, knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and sexual practices. Results: 42,8 % of the people with a high-risk exposure have a good level of knowledge, and 9,6 % have a fair level of knowledge; whereas, in the population with a low risk level, 31,2 % have a fair level of knowledge and 16,4 % have a good level of knowledge. Conclusion: knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases is not always sufficient to influence the sexual behaviors of high school students
Morphological Characterization and Estimation of Genetic Diversity of Sorghum Accessions by SSR Markers
Authors: Sabir Muhammad Waqar , Ali Zulfiqar , Tahir Hammad Nadeem , Shehzad Muhammad Asif 
Published: September 2022

Sorghum ranks 5th in the cereal’s crops having 60 million tonnes annual production. it is important food, feed as well as forage crop and provides raw material for fibbers, biofuel, starch and alcohol. It is very diverse crop; therefore, genetic fingerprints require for the estimation of diversity. The present study was conducted to develop fingerprints and for the estimation of genetic diversity through morphological and molecular characterization. Genetic divergence pattern was assessed among 82 sorghum accessions by evaluating the 9 different parameters for growing season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all parameters had significant differences. The Principal Component analysis showed that 1st three Principal Components (PCs) having eigen value >1 and shared 29.95% variability and 26.57% variation for all parameters. Correlation exhibited that leaf width, plant height, and panicle length had positive correlation with leaf length. Biplot analysis exhibited that plant height, leaf length, grain number/panicle and 100-grain weight had positive and positive coordinates while none of the parameters lies in negative and negative coordinates. The molecular relationship among 96 sorghum accessions was estimated through 16 SSRs markers techniques. Analysis revealed that 99 alleles were analyzed by SSRs. Maximum allelic frequency was observed 1 at locus Sorg6 and Sorg11. Polymorphic information content (PIC) showed that locus Sorg16 had maximum value (0.88) while maximum heterozygosity was 0.85 at locus Sorg5. Dendrogram was constructed on 96 accessions by 16 SSRs and analysis revealed that 30 morphotypes were produced. This study depicted that SSRs had discriminating power for the estimation of genetic diversity. In addition, the sorghum germplasm showed maximum diversity in Pakistan climate season.
Keyword: Sorghum, SSRs, Biplot, Genetic diversity, PCA