bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Get Her Out of the South
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Margaret Walker’s years at New Orleans University. For Walker, writing poetry was something she did, but the idea of writing poetry as a career evolved slowly. By the time Margaret turned sixteen, her parents had come to understand three things: their daughter was exceptionally bright; she was determined to have her way; and, finally, whatever career path she chose, it would have something to do with her writing. Walker had begun her college studies just as NOU launched a successful campaign to bring in the best Negro students from throughout Louisiana. NOU was an important experiment in interracial cooperation. The chapter then looks at the meeting between Walker and Langston Hughes, who advised her to “get out of the South.” This turning point in her life reveals much about the importance she placed on literary influence as she began to define her place in the world of art and imagination. Later, Walker was asked to write something for the Colored Juvenile Delinquent Rescue Association of New Orleans. Entitled “What Is to Become of Us?,” the essay was aimed at the students who were graduating. Walker seems to be saying that too much of the wrong kind of education is a bad thing for the race; she then makes the connection to Black business and economic growth, and secondarily to individual achievement.
Marriage Is a Green Apple
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter recounts how, even though most of her time was spent going to meetings, working, reading, writing, and studying with Richard Wright, Margaret Walker had begun to respond to the advances of a young minister James Russell Brown sometime during 1936. She struggled with her feelings from the beginning: a strong sexual attraction demanding fulfillment and the need for restraint required by custom. She had to weigh these impulses against everything else that was occupying her time. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) job was going well, and she was writing constantly, experiencing success and support. But she saw herself falling hopelessly in love with Brown. She confided the private, inner story of the relationship with Brown in a thirty-two-page journal entry, in which she speaks honestly about her own sexual urges and the corresponding impact of sexual repression. The chapter then looks at Walker’s refusal of Brown’s marriage proposal because of her growing awareness of the limitations and expectations for women of her generation. The knowledge that marriage would go hand in hand with suppression of her creativity trumped all other knowledge and all feeling.
The Author of “For My People”
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter narrates how Margaret Walker’s growing radicalism motivated an intense work ethic that allowed her to divide her time efficiently between the Writers’ Project and her own writing. She was learning to focus her creative energies and work on the “northside novel.” Knowing poetry to be her strongest artistic form, the most likely to bring recognition, she was committed to improving her skills in fiction writing as much as she could. Walker was then introduced to Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. Reading Hurston undoubtedly precipitated an interest in the works of Black women writers. Given the pressure Walker was under, one might expect slow progress on her own projects, but she remained highly productive. However, the transformation that her folk sketches needed did not occur until she went to Iowa in 1939: they became folk ballads that form the second part of For My People.
On Being Female, Black, and Free
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains that when art and resistance came together for Margaret Walker, it pushed her beyond the normal boundaries. She operated through language, words were her choice of weapons, and the Wheatley Festival had been the opening that could lead to a new intellectual understanding of where she was in mid-life and what remaining work she needed to do. She had spent a week facing a new generation of women head-on, but any thoughts about what it might signify beyond its immediate impact had yet to materialize. While she recognized the generational differences, especially in the attitudes of the younger women toward their sexual freedom, it became a matter of fact, not something she could change. What made it more difficult for this period to be a real new awakening after the festival was an established pattern of behaviors and practices: pushing through a long period of intense activity would disguise the tell-tale bodily signs of a health crisis; following the activity, she would be forced to go to the hospital. She had no one to blame but herself, which made these hospital stays important moments for contemplation.
Making Peace with My Soul
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how Margaret Walker had so many sleepless nights and panic attacks over the two years that the Roots controversy dragged on. She had already come to the conclusion that Jubilee was indeed her most important book and that it was more than an historical novel. By that time, her novel had become a moral symbol for her. At some point in her reflections, Walker concluded that her part in the Roots matter was driven by a cardinal sin: excessive pride. Beyond her acknowledgment of corporate greed and the support that Alex Haley had, Walker did not, and never would entertain a more thorough discussion of the Roots affair in relationship to larger questions of gender and the prevailing sexist, racist attitudes toward Black women, despite the immensity of these public conversations at the time. She acknowledged that there were differences between Haley and herself, but her analysis remained rooted in corporate class dynamics. Just as her conscience had been the driving force behind her actions in the first place, it was her conscience—her sense of personal responsibility—that drove her to reexamine her actions at the end of the process. Another factor may have accounted for the lack of broad-based support among other women, especially Black feminists.
Reaping the Whirlwind
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses how Margaret Walker remained optimistic about the Margaret Walker Alexander Center and Mississippi’s future, even as the nation seemed to be headed toward a reckoning. While a civil rights agenda sustained a powerful presence, its impact became more decentralized and dispersed. The move from civil rights to equal rights was reflected in the passage of the American Disabilities Act in 1990, one year before the passage of the Civil Rights Act, which solidified provisions of the 1964 legislation. The election of Bill Clinton as president in 1992 brought renewed interest in the South, the result of which was a perceived blending of and unity between the Black and white South. Meanwhile, Walker planned two writing projects as she identified four theme essays: “How I Wrote Jubilee,” “On Being, Female, Black and Free,” “Mississippi and the Nation,” and “Revolution and the University.” While these themes did not define all she had talked and written about, they provided the scaffolding for the collections that were published during her lifetime.
Institutional Change and the Profession of Journalism
Authors: Kosterich Allie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter details and explicates an analytical framework for understanding who news nerds are, how they emerged and evolved within the broader field of the journalism profession, and why it matters that they did. Building on the rich scholarship in journalism studies, this chapter discusses the boundaries and central tenets of professional journalists and reviews recent changes throughout the news industry, including an explication of the development of news nerds. The chapter then outlines the theoretical argument for analyzing institutional change in a profession and argues its relevance for the case of professional journalists. The chapter closes with an abridged discussion of the research context and methods.
Experimentation and Evaluation in the Profession of Journalism
Authors: Kosterich Allie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter charts the beginning of extant news organizations’ experimentation with and evaluation of news nerds. Drawing again on analysis of both interviews and industry documents, this chapter focuses primarily on changes from within the industry. Here again, the chapter turns to the case study of journalist employment networks, which helps shed light on several of these patterns through a quantified statistical perspective. The case study specifically allows for comparisons between legacy news organizations and new entrants (e.g., at the time, digital-native news organizations) and capitalizes on the differences between their hiring practices of news nerds to better understand the role of factors such as extant organizational experimentation in institutional change over time.
Legitimization of News Nerds
Authors: Kosterich Allie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of legitimacy in the institutional augmentation of journalists for news nerds. Analysis of interviews and industry documents suggests that news nerd legitimacy is manifested in three ways: as moral legitimacy through, for example, the increasing emphasis on news nerd skills at journalism schools; as pragmatic legitimacy through the increasing connection between news nerd output and audience engagement and business returns; and as cognitive legitimacy, through the increase in media coverage of news nerds and the awards won by their work. Regression analyses of journalist employment data provide systematic assessments of the relationship between legitimacy and news nerds at both the professional and organizational levels.
Planning for the “Expected Unexpected”
Authors: Freeman Richard B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Abstract: This chapter analyzes the implications of the unexpected 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic for work and retirement in the United states. The pandemic induced the greatest loss of jobs in the shortest period of time in U.S. history. A slow economic recovery would surely have endangered work longer/retire later policies that seek to adjust the finances of Social Security retirement to an aging population. Boosted by the huge CARES (March 2020) and ARPA (April 2021) rescue packages, the early recovery from the COVID-19 recession was faster and stronger than the recovery from the 2007-2009 Great Recession. Even so, the pandemic greatly altered the job market, with workers suffering from long COVID having difficulty returning to work and more workers working from home. In its immediate effect and potential long-run impact, the pandemic recession/recovery is a wake-up call to the danger that shocks from the natural world pose to work and retirement. Realistic planning for the future of work and retirement should go beyond analyzing socioeconomic trends to analyzing expected unexpected changes from the natural world as well.
The Psychology of Working Longer
Authors: Beier Margaret E. , Davenport Meghan K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Abstract: Why do some people continue working, while others choose to retire? The economy and job availability shape these decisions, but psychology also plays a role. We describe decisions to work longer as a function of individuals’ skills, their perceptions of their ability to keep working, and their motivation to work. These psychological processes are a function of individual abilities, environmental attributes, and their interaction. We explore what organizations can do to influence workers’ skills, perceptions, and motivations in order to retain older workers. We identify five areas for future research: a focus on working longer as well as retirement; heterogeneity among older workers; how to engage older workers in 21st century jobs; future time perspective as a lever for extending work lives; and how major disruptive events like the COVID-19 pandemic influence the experience of work and decisions to work longer among older workers.
Campus Misinformation
Authors: Vivian Bradford 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Campus Misinformation shows how misinformation about colleges and universities has proliferated in recent years. Currently popular but misleading claims about so-called free speech crises and a lack of intellectual diversity on college campuses emerged in the mid-2010s and continue to shape public discourse about higher education. Such claims, which this book defines as “campus misinformation,” impede constructive deliberation about higher learning while helping to normalize suspect ideas about First Amendment freedoms and democratic participation. Campus Misinformation is a study, above all, of misleading language and its detrimental effects. The chapters in this book detail how campus misinformation popularizes flawed arguments about such specific key terms or concepts as viewpoint diversity, trigger warnings, safe spaces, free speech, and orthodoxy. The sum of that terminology reflects elitist and politically reactionary metadiscourse rather than consistently informed and responsible arguments about colleges and universities. More disturbing still, portions of campus misinformation resemble both past and present forms of organized resistance to creating multicultural institutions of higher learning. Campus Misinformation helps readers identify examples of misinformation while encouraging them to advocate for better-quality public debates about academic freedom in higher education and democratic participation beyond. This book should matter to anyone concerned about the state of higher education and the state of US democracy.
Why Public Space Matters
Authors: Low Setha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Why Public Space Matters examines how public space contributes to individual and societal flourishing. Based on thirty-five years of ethnographic fieldwork on plazas, walkways, parks, markets, and beaches in the United States, Costa Rica, Argentina, India, Kenya, and France, it presents a new understanding of the role of social contact, public culture, and affective atmosphere in the creation of places essential to everyday urban life. This multimethod inquiry emphasizes the importance of public space to social justice and democratic practices sustained through people’s experience of representation, recognition of difference, inclusion, and care, as well as opportunities for contestation and resistance. Cases studies demonstrate how public space provides a context for socialization of children and improves physical and mental well-being by encouraging walking and sports as well as access to natural landscapes. Sidewalks, parks, and plazas offer business opportunities through public markets and informal selling, and locations for festivals and celebrations that promote a sense of belonging and place attachment as well as transmit cultural practices. Parks, urban gardens, and waterways construct sustainable greenways for water retention and wildlife and improve ecosystem services. During disasters, public spaces become locations of social solidarity and support. In New York City, public spaces expanded to accommodate almost all needs and services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This book aims to realign urban priorities by highlighting the importance of public space for socially just cities and encouraging local activism with an ethnographic methods toolkit (TESS) for undertaking community research to address public space problems.
Green Guerillas, Seed Bombs, and Granite Gardens
Authors: Low Setha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7. Green Guerillas, Seed Bombs, and Granite Gardens: Environmental Sustainability in Paris and New York City considers the role of environmental sustainability and the greening of public space by tracing the history and impact of these interventions. Community gardens, urban agriculture, and sustainable parks contribute to ecological sustainability by building stronger communities, supporting social reproduction, and promoting environmental justice. Human ecological planning and ecosystem services assessments offer strategies for enhancing sustainability through scientific methods that identify the best ecological practices and indicators for public space design. Strongly held environmental values support a public culture of defending community gardens, advocating for trees and green space, recycling trash, composting organic waste, and protesting environmental injustice when deleterious land uses threaten neighborhood open spaces.
Whiteness as Pleasure
Authors: Myers Ella 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates how whiteness is related to affective investment in Black pain. Du Bois wrestles repeatedly with what he calls the “irrationality” of racism and white supremacist violence in particular. In his discussions of lynching and race riots, he suggests that Black suffering is a source of “sadistic” enjoyment and “vindictive joy” for whites. His commentary, especially on the 1899 lynching of Sam Hose, emphasizes the gratuitous nature of this violence and the apparent pleasure it generates, thereby challenging strictly political-economic explanations of such acts. The chapter shows that Du Bois simultaneously argues that race hatred helps to maintain capitalism and also that white supremacy, particularly in its most brutal manifestations, is not merely a side effect of the economic order, but a potent source of pleasure in its own right. He thus challenges the current tendency to oppose political economy to libidinal economy when interpreting the American racial order.
Epicureanism, the Original Cast
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter briefly introduces Epicurus and the most prominent Ancient Greek and Roman Epicureans, as well as Epicureanism’s most vocal critics. Epicurus was an Athenian citizen by birth, though he grew up on the island of Samos. After serving in the Athenian military, he spent his early adulthood in Lampsacus, eventually returning to Athens to start a philosophical community, the Garden. While Epicurus wrote voluminously, we now only have three philosophical letters he wrote to friends, two collections of Epicurean doctrines, and some fragments from longer works. Later Epicureans, especially Lucretius, Philodemus, and Diogenes of Oenanda, help flesh out our understanding of key parts of the Epicurean project. Prominent critics like Cicero, Seneca, and Plutarch help draw our attention to the most common objections to Epicureanism, though some critics prove far more charitable than others.
Imposter Syndrome
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores our anxiety that others will discover our intellectual or cultural shortcomings, a fear some call “imposter syndrome.” Epicurus opposes over-valuing cultural refinement and intellectual talents that are inessential to living well, and he recommends that Epicureans “free themselves” from arbitrary standards of intellect and taste. Such standards not only invite individual anxiety; they also risk undermining social trust and stability. A society that values intellectual and cultural sophistication independent of ethics and virtue risks celebrating smart people who lack a moral compass, while disregarding virtuous people with fewer intellectual talents or opportunities. In other words, elitism about intellect can crowd out the personal and social values necessary for tranquility. Many critics in Epicurus’ own time considered him culturally and intellectually unrefined. He was by no means anti-intellectual (Epicureans love science!), but he was decidedly anti-snob.
Ambition, Work, and Success
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the Epicurean opposition to familiar forms of ambition. Epicurus discourages pursuing things that involve “struggle” and considers many forms of competition corrosive. Critics object that a human life without ambition, risk, and competition is undesirable, perhaps even contrary to nature. In his own way, Epicurus remains ambitious—he thinks we can pursue non-necessary, though legitimate, interests despite the risk of failure, at least if we adopt the right attitude. Epicurus also retains an account of “success” as satisfaction with having what one needs, and he values cooperative work that secures our needs more highly than competitive work that supplies extravagances. He entirely rejects a conception of success or ambition that feeds unlimited and corrosive desires. Epicurus, then, makes room for ambition, work, and success, albeit on his own terms.
Misfortune and Resilience
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the Epicurean approach to misfortune. Epicurus, unlike the Stoics, suggests strategies for coping with and counteracting grief rather than encouraging its elimination. The Stoics seek to eliminate grief because they think it arises from a false judgment that something bad has happened. Epicureans, by contrast, recognize the loss of a child as a genuine misfortune. Nevertheless, they think some ways of managing grief are healthier than others. Specifically, they recommend accepting that the past cannot be changed, distracting ourselves by replaying pleasant memories, expressing gratitude for past and present pleasures, and engaging with close and caring friends. These strategies, while controversial then and now, have some contemporary empirical support, especially the cultivation of gratitude and the ability to reflect on pleasant memories during times of crisis.
Science and Anxiety
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains why Epicurus thinks studying the physical nature of the universe is necessary for tranquility. We generally focus on science’s products rather than how it affects our psychology. Yet uncertainty about how the world works causes anxiety, and proper scientific understanding makes the world more predictable and easier to navigate. Superstition, on the other hand, makes the world less predictable and more difficult to navigate. This chapter introduces the basics of Epicurus’ remarkably modern natural science and raises two worries for the view that scientific understanding diminishes anxiety. First, it might seem that scientific truth could make people more anxious rather than less. Perhaps recognizing the truth of climate science is more terrifying than denying it. As a related concern, one might wonder whether Epicurus thinks a scientific explanation even needs to be true if it successfully diminishes anxiety.
The Fourfold Remedy
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces and explores the popular distillation of Epicurean practical philosophy into a “Fourfold Remedy.” The Remedy was introduced by later Epicureans who sought to capture Epicureanism’s central commitments in a brief and memorable set of claims: “God presents no fears, death no evils; the good is easy to obtain, the bad easy to endure.” Despite the convenience of having something chantable as a reminder of core beliefs, Epicurus would never have wanted the Fourfold Remedy to stand on its own. The Remedy is toothless and ineffective without at least a rough understanding of the reasons that undergird each claim. This chapter marshals the arguments of earlier chapters to offer a synoptic view of the Epicurean project that the Fourfold Remedy artfully distils.