bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for animal movement improves vaccination strategies against wildlife disease in heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: McClure Katherine M. , Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Davis Amy J. , Stengel Carolyn A. , Nelson Kathleen M. , Chipman Richard B. , Wittemyer George , Abdo Zaid , Gilbert Amy T. , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOral baiting is used to deliver vaccines to wildlife to prevent, control, and eliminate infectious diseases. A central challenge is how to spatially distribute baits to maximize encounters by target animal populations, particularly in urban and suburban areas where wildlife such as raccoons (Procyon lotor) are abundant and baits are delivered along roads. Methods from movement ecology that quantify movement and habitat selection could help to optimize baiting strategies by more effectively targeting wildlife populations across space. We developed a spatially explicit, individual‐based model of raccoon movement and oral rabies vaccine seroconversion to examine whether and when baiting strategies that match raccoon movement patterns perform better than currently used baiting strategies in an oral rabies vaccination zone in greater Burlington, Vermont, USA. Habitat selection patterns estimated from locally radio‐collared raccoons were used to parameterize movement simulations. We then used our simulations to estimate raccoon population rabies seroprevalence under currently used baiting strategies (actual baiting) relative to habitat selection‐based baiting strategies (habitat baiting). We conducted simulations on the Burlington landscape and artificial landscapes that varied in heterogeneity relative to Burlington in the proportion and patch size of preferred habitats. We found that the benefits of habitat baiting strongly depended on the magnitude and variability of raccoon habitat selection and the degree of landscape heterogeneity within the baiting area. Habitat baiting improved seroprevalence over actual baiting for raccoons characterized as habitat specialists but not for raccoons that displayed weak habitat selection similar to radiocollared individuals, except when baits were delivered off roads where preferred habitat coverage and complexity was more pronounced. In contrast, in artificial landscapes with either more strongly juxtaposed favored habitats and/or higher proportions of favored habitats, habitat baiting performed better than actual baiting, even when raccoons displayed weak habitat preferences and where baiting was constrained to roads. Our results suggest that habitat selection‐based baiting could increase raccoon population seroprevalence in urban–suburban areas, where practical, given the heterogeneity and availability of preferred habitat types in those areas. Our novel simulation approach provides a flexible framework to test alternative baiting strategies in multiclass landscapes to optimize bait‐distribution strategies.
Higher metabolic plasticity in temperate compared to tropical lizards suggests increased resilience to climate change
Authors: Sun Baojun , Williams Caroline M. , Li Teng , Speakman John R. , Jin Zengguang , Lu Hongliang , Luo Laigao , Du Weiguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatterns in functional diversity of organisms at large spatial scales can provide insight into possible responses to future climate change, but it remains a challenge to link large‐scale patterns at the population or species level to their underlying physiological mechanisms at the individual level. The climate variability hypothesis predicts that temperate ectotherms will be less vulnerable to climate warming compared with tropical ectotherms, due to their superior acclimatization capacity. However, metabolic acclimatization occurs over multiple levels, from the enzyme and cellular level, through organ systems, to whole‐organism metabolic rate (from this point forwards biological hierarchy). Previous studies have focused on one or a few levels of the biological hierarchy, leaving us without a general understanding of how metabolic acclimatization might differ between tropical and temperate species. Here, we investigated thermal acclimation of three species ofTakydromuslizards distributed along a broad latitudinal gradient in China, by studying metabolic modifications at the level of the whole organism, organ, mitochondria, metabolome, and proteome. As predicted by the climate variability hypothesis, the two temperate speciesT. septentrionalisandT. wolterihad an enhanced acclimation response at the whole organism level compared with the tropical speciesT. sexlineatus, as measured by respiratory gas exchange rates. However, the mechanisms by which whole organism performance was modified was strikingly different in the two temperate species: widespreadT. septentrionalismodified organ sizes, whereas the narrowly distributedT. wolterirelied on mitochondrial, proteomic and metabolomic regulation. We suggest that these two mechanisms of thermal acclimatization may represent general strategies used by ectotherms, with distinct ecological costs and benefits. Lacking either of these mechanisms of thermal acclimatization capacity, the tropical species is likely to have increased vulnerability to climate change.
Harnessing the Four‐Dimensional Ecology Education Framework to redesign an introductory ecology course in a changing higher education landscape
Authors: Ruhl N. , Crumrine P. , Oberle J. , Richmond C. , Thomas S. , Wright S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs higher education undergoes rapid and fundamental change, eco‐educators need to be prepared to promote the inclusion of the ecological sciences in the biological sciences curriculum of the future. Here, we present an instructional alignment for an introductory ecology course, which is informed by and integrated with the Four‐Dimensional Ecology Education (4DEE) Framework. Our instructional alignment was created collaboratively among faculty involved in teaching the course and emphasizes the relevance and utility of the ecological sciences. We believe that this approach positions the ecological sciences for continued success and inclusion in the biological sciences curriculum of tomorrow.
Behavioral responses to spatial variation in perceived predation risk and resource availability in an arboreal primate
Authors: Parker Edwin J. , Hill Russell A. , Koyama Nicola F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrey species must often face a trade‐off between acquiring resources and minimizing predation risk. The spatial variation in predation risk across a landscape, as perceived by prey across their foraging or home range, creates a “landscape of fear” by which individuals modify their behavior in response to the level of perceived risk. Here, we explored the influence of perceived predation risk, habitat features associated with risk, and fruit availability, on the spatial variation in behavior of the endangered forest‐dwelling samango monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi). We collected behavioral and location data on two habituated samango monkey groups in the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa, between 2012 and 2016. We further collected location data of the samango monkey's acoustically distinct alarm call, which has an unambiguous association with aerial predators, to spatially map perceived risk across the landscape. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found that perceived risk from eagles significantly influenced the spatial distribution of critical life‐functioning behaviors, with samango monkeys increasing feeding and foraging in high‐risk areas. To mitigate this risk, samangos increased cohesion between group members, which subsequently reduced vigilance levels. Group cohesion further increased in high‐risk areas with abundant fruit, relative to high‐risk, fruit‐poor areas, demonstrating the monkey's foraging/risk trade‐off. Feeding was also reduced in areas of low canopy height, while vigilance decreased with increasing understory visibility and distance from sleep site, showing the influence of landscape features on risk perception from other predator guilds. Thus, for arboreal species foraging in a 3‐D landscape, risk perception may occur at multiple scales and in response to multiple predator guilds. Only moving was influenced by fruit availability, either due to moving between localized food patches or from escaping high‐risk areas following feeding bouts. These findings highlight that risk‐taking in samango monkeys is only associated with behaviors fundamental to survival at a given location and that increased cohesion between neighbors is the main antipredator response in this species.
Experimental and numerical investigations on seismic behavior of circular tubed reinforced concrete column to RC beam frames
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Jiepeng , Zhou Xuhong , Wang Xuanding , Chen Yohchia Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe tubed reinforced concrete (TRC) column is a special kind of concrete‐filled tube (CFT) column where the steel tube is disconnected at the beam–column connection, thereby not directly carrying the axial load while maximizing the confinement effect. Extensive research has been conducted to study the static and seismic performances of TRC columns and their mechanical properties. However, little attention has been paid to study the whole structural system containing TRC columns. To fill this lacking information, an experimental program on the seismic behavior of circular tubed reinforced concrete (CTRC) column to reinforced concrete (RC) beam frames (CTRC frames) was presented in this study for the first time. Two half‐scale two‐story CTRC frames, with two bays in each frame, were designed and tested under quasi‐static loads. The first frame has strong columns and weak beams; while the second frame has rather weak columns and strong beams, implying that plastic hinges may form in the columns under seismic action. The test results indicate that both frames are sufficiently ductile to effectively dissipate energy. However, for the second frame, more severe damages of beams and columns in the first floor were observed, resulting in the instability of the overall frame. A fiber‐based finite‐element model is established using OpenSees; and the numerical results are generally in good agreement with the test results. Utilizing the numerical model, a parametric study is conducted and the preliminary design suggestions on TRC frames are proposed.
Time‐lapse photogrammetry reveals hydrological controls of fine‐scale High‐Arctic glacier surface roughness evolution
Authors: Irvine‐Fynn Tristram D. L. , Holt Tom O. , James Timothy D. , Smith Mark W. , Rutter Nick , Porter Philip R. , Hodson Andrew J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn a warming Arctic, as glacier snowlines rise, short‐ to medium‐term increases in seasonal bare‐ice extent are forecast for the next few decades. These changes will enhance the importance of turbulent energy fluxes for surface ablation and glacier mass balance. Turbulent energy exchanges at the ice surface are conditioned by its topography, or roughness, which has been hypothesized to be controlled by supraglacial hydrology at the glacier scale. However, current understanding of the dynamics in surface topography, and the role of drainage development, remains incomplete, particularly for the transition between seasonal snow cover and well‐developed, weathered bare‐ice. Using time‐lapse photogrammetry, we report a daily timeseries of fine (millimetre)‐scale supraglacial topography at a 2 m2 plot on the Lower Foxfonna glacier, Svalbard, over two 9‐day periods in 2011. We show traditional kernel‐based morphometric descriptions of roughness were ineffective in describing temporal change, but indicated fine‐scale albedo feedbacks at depths of ~60 mm contributed to conditioning surface topography. We found profile‐based and two‐dimensional estimates of roughness revealed temporal change, and the aerodynamic roughness parameter, z0, showed a 22–32% decrease from ~1 mm following the exposure of bare‐ice, and a subsequent 72–77% increase. Using geostatistical techniques, we identified ‘hole effect’ properties in the surface elevation semivariograms, and demonstrated that hydrological drivers control the plot‐scale topography: degradation of superimposed ice reduces roughness while the inception of braided rills initiates a subsequent development and amplification of topography. Our study presents an analytical framework for future studies that interrogate the coupling between ice surface roughness and hydro‐meteorological variables and seek to improve parameterizations of topographically evolving bare‐ice areas.
How to deal with persistently low/high spenders in health plan payment systems?
Authors: van Kleef Richard C. , van Vliet René C. J. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHealth insurance markets with community‐rated premiums typically include risk adjustment (RA) to mitigate selection problems. Over the past decades, RA systems have evolved from simple demographic models to sophisticated morbidity‐based models. Even the most sophisticated models, however, tend to overcompensate people with persistently low spending and undercompensate those with persistently high spending. This paper compares three methods that exploit spending‐level persistence for improving health plan payment systems: (1) implementation of spending‐based risk adjustors, (2) implementation of high‐risk pooling for people with multiple‐year high spending, and (3) indirect use of spending persistence via constrained regression. Based on incentive measures for risk selection and cost control, we conclude that a combination of the last two options can substantially outperform the first, which is currently used in the health plan payment system in the Netherlands.
Learning to listen: Downstream effects of listening training on employees' relatedness, burnout, and turnover intentions
Authors: Itzchakov Guy , Weinstein Netta , Cheshin Arik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present work focuses on listening training as an example of a relational human resource practice that can improve human resource outcomes: Relatedness to colleagues, burnout, and turnover intentions. In two quasi‐field experiments, employees were assigned to either a group listening training or a control condition. Both immediately after training and after 3 weeks later, receiving listening training was shown to be linked to higher feelings of relatedness with colleagues, lower burnout, and lower turnover intentions. These findings suggest that listening training can be harnessed as a powerful human resource management tool to cultivate stronger relationships at work. The implications for Relational Coordination Theory, High‐Quality Connections Theory, and Self‐Determination Theory are discussed.
Trends in lung cancer incidence by gender, histological type and stage at diagnosis in Japan, 1993 to 2015: A multiple imputation approach
Authors: Nguyen Phuong The , Katanoda Kota , Saito Eiko , Hori Megumi , Nakayama Tomio , Matsuda Tomohiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContinued decrease in smoking prevalence and increasing use of sensitive diagnostic procedures necessitate updated monitoring of trends in lung cancer incidence in Japan. We analyzed histology‐ and stage‐specific trends in 1993 to 2015 using data from 62 870 diagnosed cases from the Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan project. After applying a multiple imputation approach to impute missing/unknown values of stage and histology, we estimated age‐standardized incidence rates and applied joinpoint regression analyses. We observed long‐term growth trends in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and localized cancer among both genders, long‐term declining trends among men and leveling‐off trends among women in small‐cell carcinoma (SMC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQC). Stratifying by gender, we observed an increase in localized ADC with average annual percentage changes (AAPC) of 4.5 (95% confidence interval: 3.9 to 5.0) and 5.7 (5.0 to 6.4), a decrease in regional ADC with AAPC of −1.5 (−2.5 to −0.6) and −2.3 (−4.6 to 0.0), but an increase in distant ADC with AAPC of 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) and 1.6 (0.9 to 2.3) among males and females, respectively. Additionally, increasing trends in female‐to‐male incidence rate ratios were observed in localized ADC with significantly above one in the most recent diagnosis period. Our results revealed evidence for a partial shift from advanced to early cancer stage, which may suggest the modest effectiveness of nationwide organized screening programs. The observed increasing localized and distant ADC may be linked to improved diagnostic procedures, especially for metastasis detection. Further investigation is needed for more accurate quantification of these factors.
The social networks of manureshed management
Authors: Meredith Gwendwr Rhiannon , Spiegal Sheri , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Harmel Daren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractManureshed management—the strategic use of manure nutrients that prioritizes recycling between livestock systems and cropping systems—provides a comprehensive framework for sustainable nutrient management that necessitates the collaboration of many actors. Understanding the social dimensions of collaboration is critical to implement the strategic and technological requirements of functional manuresheds. To improve this understanding, we identified aspirational networks of actors involved in manureshed management across local, regional, and national scales, principally in the United States, elucidating key relationships and highlighting the breadth of interactions essential to successful manureshed management. We concluded that, although the social networks vary with scale, the involvement of a common core set of actors and relationships appears to be universal to the successful integration of modern livestock and crop production systems necessary for functional manuresheds. Our analysis also reveals that, in addition to agricultural producers, local actors in extension and advisory services and private and public sectors ensure optimal outcomes at all scales. For manureshed management to successfully integrate crop and livestock production and sustainably manage manure nutrient resources at each scale, the full complement of actors identified in these social networks is critical to generate innovation and ensure collaboration continuity.
Daily synoptic conditions associated with occurrences of compound events in estuaries along North Atlantic coastlines
Authors: Camus Paula , Haigh Ivan D. , Wahl Thomas , Nasr Ahmed A. , Méndez Fernando J. , Darby Stephen E. , Nicholls Robert J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoastal compound flooding events occur when extreme events of rainfall, river discharge and sea level coincide and collectively increase water surface elevation, exacerbating flooding. The meteorological conditions that generate these events are usually low‐pressure systems that generate high winds and intense rainfall. In this study, we identify the types of synoptic atmospheric conditions that are typically associated with coastal compound events using a weather‐type approach, for the North Atlantic coastlines (encompassing northwest Europe and the east coast of the United States). Compound events are identified along the estuaries of the study region from 1980 to 2014 based on an impact function defined by water surface elevation that resulted from the combination of river discharge and sea level. We find that compound events are more frequent along European as opposed to U.S. coastlines. In both cases, they are associated with a few dominant weather patterns. European hotspots of compound events are concentrated in the west coast of United Kingdom, the northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula and around the Strait of Gibraltar. These areas share the same weather patterns which represent the main pathways of storms that cross the North Atlantic Ocean. In the case of U.S. locations, the areas with highest number of compound events are located mainly in the Gulf of Mexico and along Mexico and along the mid‐eastern U.S. coastlines. In these areas, compound events are produced by transitional weather patterns, which describe storms that travel northward parallel to the coastline. Splitting the occurrence of compound events in the corresponding weather types discriminates the interannual variability based on the relationship with dominant climate indices in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Discriminant Ability of the Eating Assessment Tool‐10 to Detect Swallowing Safety and Efficiency Impairments
Authors: Donohue Cara , Tabor Gray Lauren , Anderson Amber , DiBiase Lauren , Chapin Jennifer , Wymer James P. , Plowman Emily K. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives/HypothesisQuick, sensitive dysphagia screening tools are necessary to identify high‐risk patients for further evaluation in busy multidisciplinary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinics. We examined the relationship between self‐perceived dysphagia using the validated Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10) and videofluoroscopic analysis of swallowing safety and efficiency.Study DesignProspective, observational, longitudinal study.MethodsIndividuals with ALS completed the EAT‐10 and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Duplicate, independent, blinded analyses of the validated Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) scale were performed to index swallowing safety and efficiency (mild dysphagia: DIGEST ≥ 1, moderate dysphagia: DIGEST ≥ 2). A between‐groups analysis of variance with Games‐Howell test for post‐hoc pairwise comparisons was performed to examine EAT‐10 scores across dysphagia severity levels. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive–negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and odds ratios (OR) were derived.ResultsFour hundred and thirty five paired EAT‐10 and DIGEST scores were analyzed. Mean EAT‐10 score was 8.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.63–9.33). Individuals with dysphagia demonstrated higher EAT‐10 scores (mild: 4.1 vs. 11.3, moderate: 6.0 vs. 17.5, P < .001). Mean EAT‐10 scores increased across DIGEST levels (D0: 4.1, D1: 7.9, D2: 15.1, D3: 20.4, D4: 39.0). For mild dysphagia, an EAT‐10 cut score of 3 was optimal: AUC 0.74 (95% CI: 0.69–0.78; sensitivity: 77%; specificity: 53%; PPV: 71%; NPV: 60%; OR: 3.5). An EAT‐10 cut score of 7 optimized detection of moderate dysphagia: AUC 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.87; sensitivity: 81%; specificity: 66%; PPV: 39%; NPV: 93%; OR: 8.1).ConclusionThe EAT‐10 is an easy‐to‐administer dysphagia screening tool with good discriminant ability for use in ALS clinics.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 132:2319–2326, 2022
Computational NMR of natural products: On the way to super large molecules exemplified with alasmontamine A
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of a tetrakis monoterpene indole alkaloid alasmontamine A with a molecular formula of C84H91N8O12have been calculated at the PBE0/pcSseg‐2//pcseg‐2 level of theory on M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVDZ geometry. In the course of the preliminary conformational search, six true minimum energy conformers were identified that can contribute to the actual conformation of this huge alkaloid. Calculated chemical shifts generally demonstrated a good agreement with available experimental data characterized with a corrected mean absolute error of 0.10 ppm for the range of about 7 ppm for protons and 1.1 ppm for the range of about 160 ppm for carbons.