bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a quadruple PCR-based gene microarray for detection of vaccine and wild-type classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus
Authors: Xia Ying-ju , Xu Lu , Zhao Jun-jie , Li Yuan-xi , Wu Rui-zhi , Song Xiang-peng , Zhao Qi-zu , Liu Ye-bing , Wang Qin , Zhang Qian-yi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) are acute, virulent, and contagious viral diseases currently hampering the pig industry in China, which result in mummification or stillbirths in piglets and mortality in pigs. Diagnostic assays for the differentiation of infection and vaccination of CSFV, in addition to the detection of ASFV and APPV, are urgently required for better prevention, control, and elimination of these viral diseases in China.

Methods
A quadruple PCR-based gene microarray assay was developed in this study to simultaneously detect wild-type and vaccine CSFV strains, ASFV and APPV according to their conserved regions. Forty-two laboratory-confirmed samples, including positive samples of 10 other swine viral diseases, were tested using this assay to confirm its high specificity.

Results
This assay's limit of detections (LODs) for the wild-type and vaccine CSFV were 6.98 and 6.92 copies/µL. LODs for ASFV and APPV were 2.56 × 10 and 1.80 × 10 copies/µL, respectively. When compared with standard RT-PCR or qPCR for CSFV (GB/T 26875–2018), ASFV (MARR issue No.172), or APPV (CN108611442A) using 219 clinical samples, the coincidence was 100%. The results showed that this assay with high sensitivity could specifically distinguish ASFV, APPV, and CSFV, including CSFV infection and immunization.

Conclusion
This assay provides a practical, simple, economic, and reliable test for the rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of the three viruses and may have good prospects for application in an epidemiological investigation, prevention, and control and elimination of these three diseases.
Identified in blood diet-related methylation changes stratify liver biopsies of NAFLD patients according to fibrosis grade
Authors: Sokolowska Katarzyna Ewa , Maciejewska-Markiewicz Dominika , Bińkowski Jan , Palma Joanna , Taryma-Leśniak Olga , Kozlowska-Petriczko Katarzyna , Borowski Konrad , Baśkiewicz-Hałasa Magdalena , Hawryłkowicz Viktoria , Załęcka Patrycja , Ufnal Marcin , Strapagiel Dominik , Jarczak Justyna , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Ryterska Karina , Machaliński Bogusław , Wojdacz Tomasz Kazimierz , Stachowska Ewa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
High caloric diet and lack of physical activity are considered main causes of NAFLD, and a change in the diet is still the only effective treatment of this disease. However, molecular mechanism of the effectiveness of diet change in treatment of NAFLD is poorly understood. We aimed to assess the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation in treatment of NAFLD. Eighteen participants with medium- to high-grade steatosis were recruited and trained to follow the Mediterranean diet modified to include fibre supplements. At three timepoints (baseline, after 30 and 60 days), we evaluated adherence to the diet and measured a number of physiological parameters such as anthropometry, blood and stool biochemistry, liver steatosis and stiffness. We also collected whole blood samples for genome-wide methylation profiling and histone acetylation assessment.

Results
The diet change resulted in a decrease in liver steatosis along with statistically significant, but a minor change in BMI and weight of our study participants. The epigenetic profiling of blood cells identified significant genome-wide changes of methylation and acetylation with the former not involving regions directly regulating gene expression. Most importantly, we were able to show that identified blood methylation changes occur also in liver cells of NAFLD patients and the machine learning-based classifier that we build on those methylation changes was able to predict the stage of liver fibrosis with ROC AUC = 0.9834.

Conclusion
Methylomes of blood cells from NAFLD patients display a number of changes that are most likely a consequence of unhealthy diet, and the diet change appears to reverse those epigenetic changes. Moreover, the methylation status at CpG sites undergoing diet-related methylation change in blood cells stratifies liver biopsies from NAFLD patients according to fibrosis grade.
Genomic profiling of Nitrospira species reveals ecological success of comammox Nitrospira
Authors: Palomo Alejandro , Dechesne Arnaud , Pedersen Anders G. , Smets Barth F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The discovery of microorganisms capable of complete ammonia oxidation to nitrate (comammox) has prompted a paradigm shift in our understanding of nitrification, an essential process in N cycling, hitherto considered to require both ammonia oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing microorganisms. This intriguing metabolism is unique to the genus Nitrospira, a diverse taxon previously known to only contain canonical nitrite oxidizers. Comammox Nitrospira have been detected in diverse environments; however, a global view of the distribution, abundance, and diversity of Nitrospira species is still incomplete.

Results
In this study, we retrieved 55 metagenome-assembled Nitrospira genomes (MAGs) from newly obtained and publicly available metagenomes. Combined with publicly available MAGs, this constitutes the largest Nitrospira genome database to date with 205 MAGs, representing 132 putative species, most without cultivated representatives. Mapping of metagenomic sequencing reads from various environments against this database enabled an analysis of the distribution and habitat preferences of Nitrospira species. Comammox Nitrospira’s ecological success is evident as they outnumber and present higher species-level richness than canonical Nitrospira in all environments examined, except for marine and wastewaters samples. The type of environment governs Nitrospira species distribution, without large-scale biogeographical signal. We found that closely related Nitrospira species tend to occupy the same habitats, and that this phylogenetic signal in habitat preference is stronger for canonical Nitrospira species. Comammox Nitrospira eco-evolutionary history is more complex, with subclades achieving rapid niche divergence via horizontal transfer of genes, including the gene encoding hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, a key enzyme in nitrification.

Conclusions
Our study expands the genomic inventory of the Nitrospira genus, exposes the ecological success of complete ammonia oxidizers within a wide range of habitats, identifies the habitat preferences of (sub)lineages of canonical and comammox Nitrospira species, and proposes that horizontal transfer of genes involved in nitrification is linked to niche separation within a sublineage of comammox Nitrospira.
Potential drug-drug interactions and associated factors among admitted patients with psychiatric disorders at selected hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Ephrem Mebratu , Ergena Asrat Elias , Wondm Samuel Agegnew , Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Prescribing medications without potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) is one of the components of the rational use of medications. However, taking combined medications has resulted in life-threatening pDDIs, which are causing severe clinical outcomes for patients. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of pDDIs and associated factors in admitted patients with psychiatric disorders.

Methods
An institution-based multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with psychiatric disorders admitted to a selected hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. Samples were approached through a systematic sampling method. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used to analyze the data. Logistic regression was applied to determine the association of variables with pDDIs. A p-value of < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results
Out of 325 study participants, more than half (52.9%) were females, with a median age of 61 years. Overall, more than two-thirds (68.9%) were exposed to at least one clinically significant, either significant or serious level of pDDIs. Nearly one-fourth (23.2%) of participants had at least one serious level of pDDIs. Older patients were found more likely to have pDDIs compared to younger patients (p = 0.043). Similarly, patients with a higher number of prescribed medications (p = 0.035) and patients with longer hospital admissions (p = 0.004) were found more likely to be exposed to pDDIs than their counterparts.

Conclusion
In this study, a significant number of admitted patients with psychiatric problems encountered clinically significant pDDIs. As a result, healthcare providers could assess and follow patients with a combination of medications that potentially have a drug-drug interaction outcome.
Liver elasticity assessment after biliary drainage in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis by shear wave sono-elastography (SWE)
Authors: Aly Rasha Abdelhafiz , Foda Reham Fathy , Al-Warraky Mohamed Shawky , Korayem Enas Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Extrahepatic cholestasis that is caused by benign and malignant diseases has been reported to influence liver elasticity, independent of liver fibrosis. Shear wave sono-elastography is a novel noninvasive ultrasound-based tool to assess liver stiffness that is indirectly measured by the propagation velocity of ultrasound waves within the liver parenchyma. The aim of our study is to explore the impact of extrahepatic cholestasis on liver elasticity assessed by sono-elastography.

Methods
This is the prospective cohort study of 80 patients with obstructive jaundice. Liver elasticity was measured before biliary drainage (day 0), with measures repeated 2 days (day 2) and seven days (day 7) after biliary drainage. Then, correlation with serum bilirubin and serum liver enzymes values was done.

Results
The studied patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (38 males and 42 females with mean age ± SD of 45.8 ± 14.6 years) referred to our department for biliary drainage. All underwent liver elasticity measurement by real-time shear wave sono-elastography before biliary drainage with the highest value of mean elasticity (± SD) 8.44 kPa (± 3.02) and then repeated on day 2 with mean elasticity 6.82 kPa (± 2.77), followed by maximum improvement of liver stiffness on day 7 with mean elasticity 4.8 kPa (± 1.80), coincided with improvement of cholestatic laboratory levels.

Conclusions
This study confirmed improvement of liver stiffness, measured by sono-elastography, after biliary drainage in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Extracting mud invasion information using borehole radar — A numerical study
Authors: Zhou Feng , Giannakis Iraklis , Giannopoulos Antonios , Holliger Klaus , Slob Evert 
Published: November 2022

In hydrocarbon drilling, mud filtrate penetrates permeable formations and alters the pore fluid characteristics in the immediate vicinity of the borehole. Typically, the prevailing in situ pore fluids are displaced by the invading mud filtrate, which leads to gradually changing distributions of the fluid and electrical properties. Understanding this invasion process is crucial for the interpretation of logging data and associated reservoir evaluations. Conventional logging methods tend to be inadequate for this purpose as their resolution is too low. We find that invasion depth can be determined from borehole radar data using an optimized antenna configuration and time-lapse measurements. A series of parametric sensitivity analyses provide information about the effects of variations of the rock and fluid properties on the identification and extraction of borehole radar signals reflected from the invasion front. Our results suggest that by embedding the radar antennas in cavities filled with an absorbing dielectric material, it is possible to minimize the interference arising from the metal components of the logging tool. In the simulated reservoir scenario, a time-lapse measurement mode with a time interval of at least 6 h can reliably extract the radar signals reflected from the invasion front, and the proposed borehole radar has a lateral detection range from 0.15 to 1 m. A comprehensive range of parametric sensitivity analyses indicates that the signals reflected from the invasion front are principally influenced by oil viscosity, porosity, and mud and formation water salinity, as well as by molecular diffusion coefficient and cementation exponent. These properties and parameters should be carefully explored and assessed when applying borehole radar to evaluate mud invasion information in a reservoir environment.
“Too Domestic to Admit of Calculation”: Jane Austen and Narrative Economics
Authors: Comyn Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo address in economic terms what D. A. Miller calls “Austen Style” and Anne Toner, following G. H. Lewes, identifies as Jane Austen's “economy of art,” this article uses Austen's major novels and final unfinished manuscript to examine the changing relationship between literature and economics in the early decades of the nineteenth century. How, more specifically, does her fiction participate in the critical debates emerging between David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus about the purpose and disciplinary style of political economy? What do Miss Bates's verbal surplus and Diana Parker's incessant interruptions of domestic life that is “too domestic to admit of calculation” have to say about the paper currency crises that dominated most of Austen's writing career? Challenging the nineteenth-century commonplace that “Miss Martineau understands the science” and Austen “plays by ear,” the article insists that Austen's novels not only offer an explanatory but also a critical account and narrative enactment of the economic and social history of inflation, interest, and investment as well as an affective engagement with political economy's narrative strategies concerning the changing history of value.
Emma's Choices: Economics and Modern Narratives of Decision-Making
Authors: Garcha Amanpal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn its depictions of characters' processes of decision-making, Jane Austen's Emma incorporates a model of choice that later came to dominate neoclassical economics. This model is preferential choice, which asserts that individuals choose based on their subjective, idiosyncratic preferences rather than following socially sanctioned value systems. While Emma represents preferential choice and illustrates its connection to consumer capitalism, unlike neoclassical economists, the novel ultimately exhibits skepticism toward this modern model of decision-making. This skepticism is rooted in Emma's conservative economic and political vision. Its conservatism paradoxically gestures to a point that is important to some of today's progressive thought: that our valorization of preferential choice—of the idea that choices should be a matter of individual desire for one option among many—is not inevitable and comes with its own significant difficulties. This article shows that even as the novel distances itself from consumerism's mode of preferential choosing, Emma's representation of preferential choice acknowledges its aesthetic importance in the construction of interiorized characters and in open-ended narrative forms. Such an acknowledgment shows Austen's recognition that consumerist habits of mind are important to literary production, especially at a moment when novels vied for attention in a competitive literary marketplace. In such a marketplace, readers chose among many disparate titles; the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century literary field was, indeed, one of the first manifestations of modern consumerism wherein overflowing markets tried to convince shoppers to express their individuality through their preferences for some goods over others.
Ride-Sharing with Little Nell: The Gig Economy of Charles Dickens'sThe Old Curiosity Shop
Authors: Briefel Aviva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article argues that Charles Dickens's The Old Curiosity Shop demonstrates the ways in which labor exploitation can occur in situations of apparent generosity, freedom, or even kindness. One of the most insidious aspects of Little Nell's victimization by labor is that the situation is hard for her to detect until it is too late. This aspect of the novel anticipates the particular hardships of the twenty-first-century gig economy, at the core of which is the systematic representation of work as something other than work. I thus approach The Old Curiosity Shop as a hybrid text, solidly grounded in nineteenth-century concerns about work while forecasting the generalized uncertainty in which we currently find ourselves as workers and humans. In the first section, I examine the novel's attention to the particular temporalities of Victorian casual labor; in the second, I locate moments in which its depictions of temporary work compel us to think through our own. Dickens's novel teaches us that work does not have to be experienced as painful to cause irreversible damage.
Beckett's Big House:Watt, Waste, and the Fiction of Irish Autonomy
Authors: McGurk Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow can an economic model designed to eliminate waste produce nothing but? The answer, according to Samuel Beckett's Watt, can be found in the system of economic relations presupposed by the Anglo-Irish Big House novels that emerged after the 1800 Acts of Union. These novels, which contrasted the profligacy and neglect of absentee English landlords with the idealized social harmony and economic self-sufficiency of the homegrown Protestant Ascendency, allowed an Anglo-Irish readership to imagine a self-sustaining body politic, invulnerable to an unevenly developed empire's devastating cycles of scarcity and waste. The Big House in Watt is the estate of Mr. Knott, to which apparently “nothing could be added . . . and from it nothing taken away.” As his servant Watt discovers, however, the high quality of life inside the home is ensured by the continual production and export of detritus: human waste, leftover food, and pointless activity. The even-keeled manor house, moreover, lays waste to an ever-expanding network of territory and labor to feed itself. Drawing attention to the novelist's engagement with contemporary Irish economic policy, this essay shows how Beckett exploits the weaknesses of this model of national political economy to dismantle the form of the novel itself: Watt produces its own unassimilable waste in the form of aimless digressions and addenda. Rather than discard the exhausted form, as critical tradition would have it, Beckett releases his Big House novel to explore the exogenous play of wasteful contradictions and to overturn the genre's ideal equilibrium.
Capital Fictions in the Age of Fictitious Capital
Authors: Trimm Ryan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTheories of money have divided between viewing it as a substance and seeing it as deriving from a field. Conceiving money as a substance finds it as an inert entity passively and stably transmitting already accumulated value; this view is often linked with literary realism. Field theory envisions money's value as arising from and shifting with the market or social environment from which it arises. This essay examines how the field theory of money can be linked with money's role in three contemporary examples of speculative fiction: Hari Kunzru's Gods Without Men, Tom McCarthy's Remainder, and Ian McEwan's The Cockroach. In these novels, money is linked with communication as a system that produces value within itself without referring to an external origin (Gods), is affiliated with financial and other forms of speculation as a force of social projection (Remainder), and operates as credit for labor that must still be delivered (The Cockroach). However, as these novels also indicate, money's social field does not free it of its material debts to labor, for the material must ultimately underwrite fictitious capital.
Native Soil of Postmemory and Affective Archives in Wu Ming-Yi'sThe Stolen Bicycle
Authors: Wang Chialan Sharon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on Wu Ming-Yi's 2015 novel, The Stolen Bicycle, and examines the way individuals’ storytelling is interwoven with scientific and historical facts to construct cultural memory and reinscribe the meaning of native soil. The novel unfolds with the narrator's search for vintage bicycles, which are at once commodities, war vehicles, objects of expertise and connoisseurship, and most important, fetishes that allow characters to articulate strained, alienated, colonial, and communal relationships. The bicycle as a legacy of coloniality and a memento of affection connects human and nature, embodying the symbiotic relationship among the people, animals, objects, and natural environment of Taiwan. In this sense, historical trauma is articulated in each character's memory about the generation before in relation to the bicycle. In scrutinizing the way the war generation's trauma is received by the generation after in the form of family tales, journals, recordings, strained parent-child relationships, invested sentiments in family bicycles, and even supernatural experiences, the article discusses the way the historical past is invoked as “affective archives.” As the bicycle serves as an index of the past, “native soil” is delineated in The Stolen Bicycle as shared, adopted, and recast intergenerational and interspecies memories.
The acute phase response in bats (Carollia perspicillata) varies with time and dose of the immune challenge
Authors: Viola Matheus F. , Gerardo Herrera M. L. , da Cruz-Neto Ariovaldo P. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe acute phase response (APR) is a core component of the innate immune response and represents the first line of immune defense used in response to infections. Although several studies with vertebrates reported fever, a decrease in food intake and body mass, and an increase in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and total white blood cell count after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation, there was great variability in the magnitude of these responses. Some of these differences might reflect, to some extent, differences in the time of endotoxin inoculation (during active or rest periods) and dose. Therefore, our study tested the interplay between LPS dose and time of injection on selected physiological (fever and increase in total white blood cell count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) and behavioral (food intake) components of the APR using a Neotropical fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata) as a model organism. We predicted that LPS would trigger a dose- and time-dependent response in APR components. APR components were assessed in rest and active periods after injection of three doses of LPS (5, 10 and 15 mg kg−1 LPS). The results indicate a more robust decrease in food intake at higher doses during the active period, while increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was more robust during the active period regardless of dose. Furthermore, the skin temperature increase lasted longer at higher doses regardless of the timing of injections. Our study offers important insights into the dependence of time as well as the LPS dosage effect in the APR of bats, and how they deal with the magnitude of infections at different times of day.