bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compound Kushen injection inhibits EMT of gastric cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Li Luo , Wang Keshan , Liu Zhenguo , Lü Yajuan , Wang Congcong , Yi Xuefei , Guo Jianping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effective components contained in compound Kushen injection (CKI) and the genes and signalling pathways related to gastric cancer (GC) were analyzed through the network pharmacology method of traditional Chinese medicine, and various possible mechanisms by which CKI affects the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and metastasis of GC cells were discussed. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is considered to be one of the most important pathways targeted by CKI in the regulation of GC cells. The implementation of related cell experiments also confirmed the information we revealed.MethodsEffective drug components of Kushen and Baituling in CKI were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). Genes related to GC were identified using the GENECARD and OMIM databases. The common target genes related to the effective components of the drug and GC were identified using the intersection method and visualized using software. A protein–protein interaction network (PPI) was established using STRING online software to confirm the key genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the key pathways of CKI in GC treatment. BGC-803 and MKN-28 GC cells were used to verify the signalling pathway. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasion ability were assessed using CCK8, flow cytometry, scratch, and transwell assays. Immunofluorescence assays and western blotting were used to detect the expression of related proteins.ResultsCKI regulated GC cells through 35 effective drug components of GC-related target genes. In total, 194 genes were common targets of CKI and GC. The most significant function of the enriched genes was DNA-binding transcription activator activity as demonstrated by GO enrichment analysis. The metabolic pathway with the highest enrichment was the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway as demonstrated by KEGG enrichment analysis. Our cell experimental evidence also shows that CKI inhibits GC cell growth and migration and induce GC cell apoptosis. In addition, CKI inhibits the EMT process in GC cells through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.ConclusionAKT1 is a key gene for CKI treatment of GC. CKI inhibited GC cell growth and migration and induced GC cell apoptosis. In addition, CKI regulated the EMT process in GC cells through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
Oxidative stress facilitates infection of the unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis by the fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense
Authors: Yan Hailong , Ma Haiyan , Li Yanhua , Zhao Liang , Lin Juan , Jia Qikun , Hu Qiang , Han Danxiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe green microalgaHaematococcus pluvialisis used as a cell factory for producing astaxanthin, the high-value carotenoid with multiple biological functions. However,H. pluvialisis prone to the infection by a parasitic fungusParaphysoderma sedebokerense, which is the most devastating threat to the mass culture ofH. pluvialisall over the world. Through dissecting the mechanisms underlying the infection process, effective measures could be developed to mitigate the pathogen threatening for the natural astaxanthin industry. By far, understanding about the interaction between the algal host and fungal pathogen remains very limited.ResultsWe observed that there were heat-stable substances with small molecular weight produced during the infection process and enhanced the susceptibility ofH. pluvialiscells to the pathogen. The infection ratio increased from 10.2% (for the algal cells treated with the BG11 medium as the control) to 52.9% (for the algal cells treated with supernatant contained such substances) on the second day post-infection, indicating the yet unknown substances in the supernatant stimulated the parasitism process. Systematic approaches including multi-omics, biochemical and imaging analysis were deployed to uncover the identity of the metabolites and the underlying mechanisms. Two metabolites, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and hordenine were identified and proved to stimulate the infection via driving oxidative stress to the algal cells. These metabolites generated hydroxyl radicals to disrupt the subcellular components of the algal cells and to make the algal cells more susceptible to the infection. Based on these findings, a biosafe and environment-friendly antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was selected to inhibit the fungal infection, which completely abolished the infection at 12 ppm. By applying 7 ppm BHA every 2 days to the algal cell culture infected withP. sedebokerensein the 100 L open raceway ponds, the biomass ofH. pluvialisreached 0.448 g/L, which was comparable to that of the control (0.473 g/L).ConclusionsThis study provides for the first time, a framework to dissect the functions of secondary metabolites in the interaction between the unicellular alga H. pluvialisand its fungal parasite, indicating that oxidative degradation is a strategy used for the fungal infest. Eliminating the oxidative burst through adding antioxidant BHA could be an effective measure to reduce parasitic infection inH. pluvialismass culture.Graphical Abstract
Physiological and comparative transcriptome analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying waterlogging tolerance in a rapeseed anthocyanin-more mutant
Authors: Ding Li-Na , Liu Rui , Li Teng , Li Ming , Liu Xiao-Yan , Wang Wei-Jie , Yu Yan-Kun , Cao Jun , Tan Xiao-Li 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second largest oil crop worldwide. It is widely used in food, energy production and the chemical industry, as well as being an ornamental. Consequently, it has a large economic value and developmental potential. Waterlogging is an important abiotic stress that restricts plant growth and development. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying waterlogging tolerance in B. napus.

Results
In the present study, the physiological changes and transcriptomes of germination-stage rapeseed in response to waterlogging stress were investigated in the B. napus cultivar ‘Zhongshuang 11’ (ZS11) and its anthocyanin-more (am) mutant, which was identified in our previous study. The mutant showed stronger waterlogging tolerance compared with ZS11, and waterlogging stress significantly increased anthocyanin, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents and decreased chlorophyll contents in the mutant after 12 days of waterlogging. An RNA-seq analysis identified 1370 and 2336 differently expressed genes (DEGs) responding to waterlogging stress in ZS11 and am, respectively. An enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs in ZS11 were predominately involved in carbohydrate metabolism, whereas those in the am mutant were particularly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and response to endogenous stimulation. In total, 299 DEGs were identified as anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes (24) and regulatory genes encoding transcription factors (275), which may explain the increased anthocyanin content in the am mutant. A total of 110 genes clustered in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway were also identified as DEGs, including 70 involved in auxin and ethylene signal transduction that were significantly changed in the mutant. Furthermore, the expression levels of 16 DEGs with putative roles in anthocyanin accumulation and biotic/abiotic stress responses were validated by quantitative real-time PCR as being consistent with the transcriptome profiles.

Conclusion
This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of increased anthocyanin contents in rapeseed in response to waterlogging stress, which should be useful for reducing the damage caused by waterlogging stress and for further breeding new rapeseed varieties with high waterlogging tolerance.
Impact of body fat, body water content, and skeletal muscle mass index on peak salivary lactate levels after squat jump exercise in healthy non-athlete adult males
Authors: Okano Satomi , Nishizawa Hitomi , Yui Joya , Nakamura Akinori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In the rehabilitation and sports science fields, comprehensive assessment of the response to exercise is important for accurately prescribing exercise programs. Lactate is an important energy substrate that is frequently measured in clinical practice because it provides information on aerobic capacity. Salivary lactate, which can be measured non-invasively, has recently been focused on as an alternative to blood lactate. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of body fat, body water content, and skeletal muscle mass index on peak salivary lactate levels.

Methods
Thirty-seven non-athletic males performed a squat jump exercise. Their salivary lactate levels were measured before, immediately after, and every 5 min after the exercise using a simplified device. We also assessed body composition. A linear multiple regression analysis was performed with peak salivary lactate levels as the dependent variable and body fat ratio, body water content, and the skeletal muscle mass index as independent variables.

Results
The participants’ body fat ratio (positive effect; p = 0.001) and body water content (negative effect; p = 0.035) significantly affected peak salivary lactate levels. Skeletal muscle mass index tended to positively influence salivary lactate levels (p = 0.099), albeit not significantly. The adjusted R-squared value of the model was 0.312 (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
The combined effect of body fat, body water content, and skeletal muscle mass index on peak salivary lactate levels was 31.2%. Better nutritional guidance may be effective in promoting weight loss and increasing body water content to improve aerobic capacity in the rehabilitation setting.
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle – a review in the context of seasonal pasture-based dairy herds
Authors: Field Niamh L. , McAloon Conor G. , Gavey Lawrence , Mee John F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJohne’s disease is an infectious disease affecting cattle, other ruminants and non-ruminant wildlife worldwide, caused byMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP). This review provides an up-to-date concise overview of the pathogenesis of MAP, the significance of Johne’s disease in cattle and the use of diagnostic testing at both animal and herd level in the context of seasonal pasture-based herds. While MAP can only replicate intracellularly, the bacterium is sufficiently robust to survive for months in the environment. Transmission of MAP is mostly via the faecal-oral route, however in-utero transmission in also possible. The bacteria evade the immune system by persisting in macrophages in the small intestine submucosa, with this latent stage of infection lasting, in most cases, for at least two years before bacterial shedding and clinical signs begin. The slowly progressive nature of MAP infection, poor performance of diagnostic tests and management systems that expose susceptible calves to infection make control of Johne’s disease challenging, particularly in seasonal calving herds. Testing of individual animals provides little assurance for farmers and vets due to the poor sensitivity and, in the case of ELISA, imperfect specificity of the available tests. Repeated herd-level testing is utilised by the IJCP to detect infected herds, identify high risk animals, and provide increasing confidence that test-negative herds are free of infection. The IJCP aims to control the spread of Johne’s disease in cattle in Ireland, in order to protect non-infected herds, limit the economic and animal health impact of the disease, improve calf health and reassure markets of Johne’s disease control in Ireland.
Talking control sessions in people with advanced cancer: a qualitative analysis of sessions
Authors: Lamirel Daphne , Davis Sarah , Low Joe , Serfaty Marc , Armstrong Megan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Talking control (TC) was developed to control for the common factors in therapy so that the specific effects of therapy can be tested. A TC was recently used in a pilot study of Acceptance and Commitment therapy for dysfunction in people with advanced cancer. This work explores the audio recording of the sessions in a TC to explore how they were utilised by people with advanced cancer.

Methods
This is a qualitative study nested in larger feasibility randomised control trial. The trial participants were recruited from three London hospices. The study examined data for 5 participants who received weekly sessions of a TC. Fifteen sessions, three per participant, were transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach.

Results
Individuals with advanced cancer used TC sessions as a safe place in which they could express their feelings—from smaller daily concerns to deeper-rooted difficulties. Many participants also engaged in emotional and cognitive avoidance regarding some topics, particularly those pertaining to their cancer. The TC sessions were also used as an opportunity to focus on the more positive aspects of their lives. Lastly, they served to reflect on ways to overcome difficulties.

Conclusions
This study suggests the TC can have beneficial, albeit varying uses for people with advanced cancer, that may even be considered therapeutic.
Bilateral exudative retinal detachments and associated choroidal detachments in a patient on dapsone: a case report
Authors: Dugan Sarah P. , Demirci Hakan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Dapsone is a synthetic sulfonamide used to treat numerous dermatologic conditions. Ocular side effects have been rarely reported and include retinal necrosis, optic atrophy, and macular infarction. We report the first known case of bilateral choroidal effusions and exudative retinal detachments associated with dapsone use.

Case presentation
A 57-year-old male with a past medical history of testicular seminoma presented with bilateral blurry vision for 2 months. His exam revealed bilateral choroidal effusions with bilateral exudative retinal detachments without evidence of intraocular tumor. The patient had recently been prescribed dapsone for urticarial vasculitis. The patient was instructed to discontinue dapsone and follow-up closely. Interval follow-up of 8 months demonstrated almost complete resolution of the choroidal effusions and retinal detachments with residual pigment epithelium changes after cessation of dapsone. The patient recovered his pre-detachment visual function.

Conclusions
Patients on dapsone who present with new visual complaints should undergo a thorough ophthalmic evaluation given the multiple mechanisms by which dapsone can affect the eye.
Identifying predictors of digital competence of educators and their impact on online guidance
Authors: Guillén-Gámez Francisco D. , Linde-Valenzuela Teresa , Ramos Marta , Mayorga-Fernandez María J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the current socio-health situation, new educational challenges have emerged, such as the need to implement a virtual tutorial action. Therefore, this study has three objectives: (1) to investigate the level of digital competence that early childhood and primary school teachers possess to carry out quality online tutorial actions; (2) to analyse whether there are differences in use at both education stages; and (3) to identify which variables significantly affect the development of this competence at each educational stage. For this purpose, an ex post facto design was used, based on the survey technique, by means of non-probabilistic purposive sampling. The final sample consisted of a total of 1,069 educators working at the early childhood and primary education stages, from all over Spain. The results showed acceptable digital competence, with higher scores in the primary education stage, which may be due to characteristics of the students and the education stage itself, rather than to teachers’ digital competences. On the other hand, it was found that the virtual tutorial action tasks are significantly influenced in the early childhood education stage by blogs, WhatsApp, Facebook, and number of tutoring hours per month with families, while for the primary stage they are influenced by blogs, WhatsApp, Twitter, ClassDojo, Moodle, tutoring hours, number of tutoring hours per month with families, and sex. Based on these results, there is an obvious need for educational institutions to continue to develop teacher training in relation to the use of resources to carry out adequate tutoring actions and thus increase the diversification in the use of resources.
Evaluation of outcome of different neurosurgical modalities in management of cervical dystonia
Authors: Alkarras Mazen , Nabeeh Adel , El Molla Shafik , El Gayar Abdelrahman , Fayed Zeiad Y. , Ghany Walid Abdel , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is managed by multiple modalities including repeated botulinum toxin injections, in addition to medical treatment with anticholinergics, muscle relaxants, and physiotherapy. However, surgical interventions could be beneficial in otherwise refractory patients. This study aims to report our experience in the neurosurgical management of cervical dystonia and evaluate patient outcomes using reliable outcome scores for the assessment of patients with cervical dystonia and possible complications. This case series study was conducted on 19 patients with cervical dystonia of different etiologies who underwent surgical management [ten patients underwent selective peripheral denervation, five patients underwent pallidotomy, and four patients underwent bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS)] in the period between July 2018 and June 2021 at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. With the assessment of surgical outcomes using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and the Tsui scale 6 months postoperatively.ResultsSurgical management of patients with cervical dystonia of either primary or secondary etiology was associated with significant improvement in head and neck postures after 6 months without major complications associated with the different surgical procedures. The mean improvement in total TWSTRS and Tsui scores were 51.2% and 64.8%, respectively, compared with preoperative scores, while the mean improvement in the TWSTRS subscales (severity, disability, and pain) were 40.2%, 66.9%, and 58.3%, respectively.ConclusionCervical dystonia patients in whom non-surgical options have failed to alleviate their symptoms can be managed surgically leading to significant improvements with minimal adverse effects. However, surgical treatment should be tailored according to several factors including but not limited to the etiology, pattern of dystonic activity, and comorbidities. Therefore, management should be tailored to achieve long-term improvement with minimal risk of complications.
Nerve block using local anesthetic and dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Mostafa Tarek Abdel hay , Tommom Mohammed Osama , Khalil Naglaa Khalil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The main anesthetic goal in the postoperative period of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is early and pain-free recovery, with return of protective airway reflex. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to regional blocks in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Results
Group bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine (BD) showed statistically significantly lower postoperative pain measurements than group bupivacaine (B), longer time to the first request of rescue analgesia, less patients needing rescue analgesia, and less rescue morphine analgesic requirements. Other measurements were insignificantly different between both groups.

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjuvant to regional nerve block in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. It effectively prolonged postoperative analgesia, decreased postoperative opioid analgesic requirements, and reduced the number of patients needing rescue analgesia.
Gold-based nanoplatform for a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic test assay for gluten detection
Authors: Momeni Arefe , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Salarian Reza , Rabiee Mohammad , Aghamohammadi Elham , Zali Mohammad Reza , Rabiee Navid , Tay Franklin R. , Makvandi Pooyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Gluten, a food allergen, is available in foods derived from wheat, rye and barley. It damages the small intestine and causes celiac disease. Herein, we designed a rapid immunochromatographic lateral flow test assay for detecting the gluten contents of raw materials. In this rapid test, the presence of gluten was screened through the capturing of gliadin (a toxic component of gluten) by two identical gliadin monoclonal antibodies. One of the antibodies was immobilized on the membrane in the test zone as a capture reagent. The other antibody was labeled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a detector reagent.

Results
Gold nanoparticles with a size of about 20 nm were synthesized and conjugated to the gliadin monoclonal antibodies. The detection limit of the experimental assay was 20 ppm and positive results were visualized after 15 min using only 40 μL of the extracted sample for each test. Analysis of different flour samples identified the best sensitivity and specificity of the lateral flow test strip (LFTS).

Conclusion
The experimental LFTS is an easy-to-use and rapid method for the screening of gluten level in raw materials. The LFTS may be employed to ensure the safety of foods.
Human Identical Sequences, hyaluronan, and hymecromone ─ the new mechanism and management of COVID-19
Authors: Yang Shuai , Tong Ying , Chen Lu , Yu Wenqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created formidable damage to public health and market economy. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 variants has exacerbated the transmission from person-to-person. Even after a great deal of investigation on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is still rampaging globally, emphasizing the urgent need to reformulate effective prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we review the latest research progress of COVID-19 and provide distinct perspectives on the mechanism and management of COVID-19. Specially, we highlight the significance of Human Identical Sequences (HIS), hyaluronan, and hymecromone (“Three-H”) for the understanding and intervention of COVID-19. Firstly, HIS activate inflammation-related genes to influence COVID-19 progress through NamiRNA-Enhancer network. Accumulation of hyaluronan induced by HIS-mediatedHAS2upregulation is a substantial basis for clinical manifestations of COVID-19, especially in lymphocytopenia and pulmonary ground-glass opacity. Secondly, detection of plasma hyaluronan can be effective for evaluating the progression and severity of COVID-19. Thirdly, spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 may bind to hyaluronan and further serve as an allergen to stimulate allergic reaction, causing sudden adverse effects after vaccination or the aggravation of COVID-19. Finally, antisense oligonucleotides of HIS or inhibitors of hyaluronan synthesis (hymecromone) or antiallergic agents could be promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Collectively, Three-H could hold the key to understand the pathogenic mechanism and create effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.