bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood temperamental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics associated with mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence: A prospective study
Authors: Bakken Nora R. , Hannigan Laurie J. , Shadrin Alexey , Hindley Guy , Ask Helga , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Tesli Martin , Andreassen Ole A. , Havdahl Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMood and anxiety disorders account for a large share of the global burden of disability. Some studies suggest that early signs may emerge already in childhood. However, there is a lack of well‐powered, prospective studies investigating how and when childhood mental traits and trajectories relate to adolescent mood and anxiety disorders.MethodsWe here examine cross‐sectional and longitudinal association between maternally reported temperamental traits, emotional and behavioral problems in childhood (0.5–8 years) and clinical diagnosis of mood or anxiety (“emotional”) disorders in adolescence (10–18 years), using the prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) of 110,367 children.ResultsLogistic regression analyses showed consistent and increasing associations between childhood negative emotionality, behavioral and emotional problems and adolescent diagnosis of emotional disorders, present from 6 months of age (negative emotionality). Latent profile analysis incorporating latent growth models identified five developmental profiles of emotional and behavioral problems. A profile of early increasing behavioral and emotional problems with combined symptoms at 8 years (1.3% of sample) was the profile most strongly associated with emotional disorders in adolescence (OR vs. reference: 5.00, 95% CI: 3.70–6.30).ConclusionsWe found a consistent and increasing association between negative emotionality, behavioral and emotional problems in early to middle childhood and mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence. A developmental profile coherent with early and increasing disruptive mood dysregulation across childhood was the profile strongest associated with adolescent emotional disorders. Our results highlight the importance of early emotional dysregulation and childhood as a formative period in the development of adolescent mood and anxiety disorders, supporting potential for prevention and early intervention initiatives.
Public–private partnership in care provision for ageing‐in‐place: A comparative study in Guangdong, China
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Chan Wing Kit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis paper investigates how the public–private partnership (PPP) functions in the care provision for older people in Guangdong, China, particularly for ageing‐in‐place programs.MethodsThree cities with diversified PPP forms of care provision for older people were chosen as case studies. Focus groups were conducted in these cities for the local authorities and care homes involved in the partnerships.ResultsThree forms of PPP, including private sector involvement for the ownership, construction, and operation of the facilities delivering care services, were identified. The public–private co‐constructed and privately run model with greater private sector involvement may lead to higher quality care in one specific program. The publicly constructed and privately run program is widely used in many cities, advancing the expansion of ageing‐in‐place programs in more communities. These PPPs reflect flexible and practical collaboration between the public and private sectors at the local level in the Chinese context.ConclusionsPPP have accelerated the development of a better care system for older people, mainly in terms of more affordable and higher‐quality care options for the public. They are also a feasible solution for the local government due to more cost‐effective and sustainable care provisions than previous publicly provided programs. The specific forms adopted are primarily associated with the scale of home care provision for ageing‐in‐place and the local government's financial capacity. Despite increasing private sector involvement, the public sector retains its crucial role in delivering care services targeting ageing in China.
Perceptions of people living with dementia regarding patient‐centred aspects of their care and caregiver support
Authors: Carey Mariko , Cameron Emilie , Mansfield Elise , Sanson‐Fisher Rob 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the perceptions of a sample of Australian people living with dementia regarding the person‐centred care and support they received from health professionals and family.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling people living with dementia were invited to complete a cross‐sectional survey.ResultsSeventy‐one people participated in the study. More than 90% agreed that health professionals explain who they are, why they are seeing them and listen to what they have to say; 63% agreed that health professionals ask how they would like to be involved in decisions about treatment; 78% agreed health professionals mainly speak to them rather than anyone accompanying them; 76% reported their family ‘support you to do tasks by yourself’, and 36% indicated that family caregivers ‘get frustrated with you’.ConclusionsResults suggest that people living with dementia have a positive perception of the care and support they receive. Improvements may be needed in how health professionals speak directly to the person living with dementia when exploring how they would like to be involved in treatment decisions. Family caregivers may benefit from education and support on how they can manage frustrations and assist the person they support to maintain their independence.
Accommodating religion and belief in healthcare: Political threats, agonistic democracy and established religion
Authors: Hordern Joshua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper considers what concept of accommodation is necessary to identify and address discrimination, disadvantages and disparities in such a way that the plurality of religious people with their beliefs, values and practices may be justly accommodated in healthcare. It evaluates threats to the possibility of such accommodation pertaining by considering what beliefs and practices might increase the risk of unjust discrimination against and disadvantage for religious people, whether as individuals or as groups; and the risk of disparities between the care provided to religious people. The claim is that there is an important cluster of risks that are political in kind and emergent within philosophical bioethics. While not amounting (yet) to a trend, they are sufficiently threatening to a just civic life for patients and healthcare staff as to warrant scrutiny. After an Introductory Section 1, Section 2 evaluates a criticism of ‘accommodation’ and the apparently additional health‐related requirements that those of religious faith demand, when compared with other people. It does so by comparing Lori Beaman's idea of agonism with that of a distinct and somewhat complementary approach in Jonathan Chaplin's political philosophy, before examining the role of established religion in setting the conditions for the accommodation of religion and belief in healthcare. Section 3 examines risks to such accommodation by engaging critically with three health‐related instantiations of political philosophy that differ radically from both Beaman and Chaplin. A concluding Section 4 focusses on appropriate modes of communicating about religious and other beliefs in healthcare.
Unpacking COVID‐19 and conspiracy theories in the UK black community
Authors: Vandrevala Tushna , Hendy Jane , Hanson Kristin , Alidu Lailah , Ala Aftab 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesConspiracy theories are associated with significant COVID‐19 health consequences including lower engagement with protective behaviours. This study uses sensemaking theory, a process of constructing meanings through interpersonal exchanges that enable people to interpret their world to explain the theoretical process underlying the development of conspiratorial beliefs around COVID‐19 within Black African and Caribbean communities in the UK.DesignQualitative, in‐depth interviews were used.MethodsTwenty‐eight members of the communities were recruited: semi‐structured interviews were analysed using grounded theory.ResultsOur findings provide an explanation of how an environment of crisis combined with current and historical mistrust, perceived injustice and inequality provided a context in which alternative conspiracy narratives could thrive. The nature of these conspiratorial beliefs made more sense to many of our respondent's than institutional sources (such as the UK Government). Critically, these alternative beliefs helped respondents shape their decision‐making, leading to non‐engagement with COVID protective behaviours.ConclusionsWe conclude that the uncertainty of the pandemic, combined with historical and contemporary perceived injustice and mistrust, and a lack of specific identity‐aligned messaging, created a perfect environment for conspiratorial sense‐making to thrive. This alternative sensemaking was inconsistent with the health‐protection messaging espoused by the Government. To ensure all groups in society are protected, and for health promotion messages to take purchase, the experiences of different target audiences must be taken into account, with sensemaking anchored in lived experience.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after lung transplantation: Risk factors and management
Authors: Yavuz Gökce , Heck Suzette , Sienel Wulf , Irlbeck Michael , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Michel Sebastian , Forbrig Robert , Walter Julia , Zimmermann Julia , Kovács Julia , Glück Olaf M. , Pan Ming , Schneider Christian , Fertmann Jan M. , Hatz Rudolf A. , Kauke Teresa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a rare neurologic complication that can occur under immunosuppressive therapy with CNI after organ transplantation.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 545 patients who underwent lung transplantation between 2012 and 2019. Within this group, we identified 30 patients with neurological symptoms typical of PRES and compared the characteristics of patients who were diagnosed with PRES (n = 11) to those who were not (n = 19).Results: The incidence of PRES after lung transplantation was 2%. Notably, 73% of the patients with PRES were female and the mean age was 39.2. Seizure (82% vs. 21%, p = .002) was the most common neurological presentation. The risk of developing PRES was significantly associated with age (OR = .92, p < .0001) and having cystic fibrosis (CF) (OP = 10.1, p < .0001). Creatinine level (1.9 vs. 1.1 mg/dl, p = .047) and tacrolimus trough level (19.4 vs. 16.5 ng/ml, p = .048) within 1 week prior to neurological symptoms were significantly higher in patients with PRES.Conclusion: Renal insufficiency and high tacrolimus levels are associated with PRES. A change of immunosuppressive drug should be done after confirmed PRES diagnosis or immediately in case of severe neurological dysfunction to improve neurological outcomes and minimize the risk of early allograft rejection.
Spatial and temporal patterns in Arctic mosquito abundance
Authors: DeSiervo Melissa H. , Finger‐Higgens Rebecca A. , Ayres Matthew P. , Virginia Ross A. , Culler Lauren E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Organisms that undergo a shift in ontogeny and habitat type often change their spatial distribution throughout their life cycle, but how this affects population dynamics remains poorly understood.
We examined spatial and temporal patterns in Aedes nigripes abundance, a widespread univoltine Arctic mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae), hypothesizing that the spatial distribution of adults would be closely tied to aquatic habitat.
We tracked adult densities of A. nigripes near Kangerlussuaq, Greenland using emergence traps, CO2‐baited traps, and sweep‐nets.
In back‐to‐back years of sampling (2017 and 2018) we found two‐fold variation in overall abundance.
Adults were spatially patchy when first emerging from aquatic habitats but within a week, mean capture rates for host‐seeking adult females were similar across locations, even in places far from larval habitat.
Daily variation in mosquito captures was primarily explained by weather, with virtually no mosquito activity when temperatures averaged less than 8°C or wind speeds exceeded 6 m/s. Gravid females (3% of resting adults) were spatially patchy on the landscape, but not always in the same places where most adults emerged.
The spatial distribution of adults is quickly uncoupled from the spatial distribution of larvae because A. nigripes females may disperse far from their natal habitats in search of a blood‐meal and high‐quality oviposition habitat.
8. This research highlights the value of studying ecological processes that act at disparate life stages for understanding the population biology of organisms with complex life cycles.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in emergency patients with suspected infection of the central nervous system
Authors: Völk Stefanie , Dobler Fabian , Koedel Uwe , Pfister Hans‐Walter , Bruegel Mathias , Schubert Sören , Klein Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMeningitis and encephalitis are potentially life‐threatening diseases that require fast and accurate diagnostics and therapy. The value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex testing in clinical practice is still a matter of debate. This study aims to evaluate its benefits and limitations in emergency patients.MethodsWe assessed the value of a meningoencephalitis PCR array in the clinical routine of an emergency department.ResultsOf 1578 emergency patients who received a lumbar puncture, 43% received it for a clinically suspected central nervous system (CNS) infection. After initial workup for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count, protein and glucose, a CNS infection was still considered likely in 307 patients. In these patients, further microbiologic workup was performed. A total of 230 samples were examined by PCR and a pathogen was detected in 66 of these samples. In the case of a positive microbiologic result, a comparison between PCR array and standard method was available for 59 samples, which demonstrated an overcall agreement of 80% (n = 47/59). Of interest, exclusively array‐positive results were observed for patients with meningitis found to be positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae; four out of five patients had been treated with antibiotics before the lumbar puncture. In samples with normal CSF cell count only two positive array results were obtained, both for human herpesvirus 6, and these were not clinically relevant.ConclusionOur data suggest that the array substantially contributes to a detection of pathogens in patients with suspected CNS infection and seems of particular interest in patients with acute bacterial meningitis under empiric antibiotic treatment. In CSF samples with normal cell count, it might be dispensable.
Surface Water‐Groundwater Connections as Pathways for Inland Salinization of Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Hingst Mary C. , McQuiggan Rachel W. , Peters Chelsea N. , He Changming , Andres A. Scott , Michael Holly A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoastal agricultural zones are experiencing salinization due to accelerating rates of sea‐level rise, causing reduction in crop yields and abandonment of farmland. Understanding mechanisms and drivers of this seawater intrusion (SWI) is key to mitigating its effects and predicting future vulnerability of groundwater resources to salinization. We implemented a monitoring network of pressure and specific conductivity (SC) sensors in wells and surface waters to target marsh‐adjacent agricultural areas in greater Dover, Delaware. Recorded water levels and SC over a period of three years show that the mechanisms and timescales of SWI are controlled by local hydrology, geomorphology, and geology. Monitored wells did not indicate widespread salinization of deep groundwater in the surficial aquifer. However, monitored surface water bodies and shallow (<4 m deep) wells did show SC fluctuations due to tides and storm events, in one case leading to salinization of deeper (18 m deep) groundwater. Seasonal peaks in SC occurred during late summer months. Seasonal and interannual variation of SC was also influenced by relative sea level. The data collected in this study data highlight the mechanisms by which surface water‐groundwater connections lead to salinization of aquifers inland, before SWI is detected in deeper groundwater nearer the coastline. Sharing of our data with stakeholders has led to the implementation of SWI mitigation efforts, illustrating the importance of strategic monitoring and stakeholder engagement to support coastal resilience.
Protein therapeutics and their lessons: Expect the unexpected when inhibiting the multi‐protein cascade of the complement system
Authors: Schmidt Christoph Q. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryOver a century after the discovery of the complement system, the first complement therapeutic was approved for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). It was a long‐acting monoclonal antibody (aka 5G1‐1, 5G1.1, h5G1.1, and now known as eculizumab) that targets C5, specifically preventing the generation of C5a, a potent anaphylatoxin, and C5b, the first step in the eventual formation of membrane attack complex. The enormous clinical and financial success of eculizumab across four diseases (PNH, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and anti‐aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)) has fueled a surge in complement therapeutics, especially targeting diseases with an underlying complement pathophysiology for which anti‐C5 therapy is ineffective. Intensive research has also uncovered challenges that arise from C5 blockade. For example, PNH patients can still face extravascular hemolysis or pharmacodynamic breakthrough of complement suppression during complement‐amplifying conditions. These “side” effects of a stoichiometric inhibitor like eculizumab were unexpected and are incompatible with some of our accepted knowledge of the complement cascade. And they are not unique to C5 inhibition. Indeed, “exceptions” to the rules of complement biology abound and have led to unprecedented and surprising insights. In this review, we will describe initial, present and future aspects of protein inhibitors of the complement cascade, highlighting unexpected findings that are redefining some of the mechanistic foundations upon which the complement cascade is organized.
Spark plasma sintering of polycrystalline La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6–ZrB2 composites
Authors: Wang Yan , Bao Yan , Luo Shifeng , Han Cuiliu , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Jiuxing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper has studied the densification, microstructure, and properties of polycrystalline La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6–ZrB2 composites prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The highest relative density of 98.7% is obtained at the SPS condition of axial mechanical pressure 50 MPa, sintering temperature 1900°C and holding time 5 min. The Vickers hardness decreases linearly from the maximum value of 21.49 GPa to the value of 8.24 GPa with the tested temperature increased from room temperature to 1000°C. The effects of crack deflection and bridging have resulted in the fracture toughness of 4.56 MPa m1/2 of dense polycrystalline La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6–ZrB2 composite. The J1kV of 7.02 A/cm2 obtained at 1600°C, the work function of 2.743 eV determined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and the good oxidation resistance below 1100°C in air have revealed that the dense polycrystalline La0.6Ce0.3Pr0.1B6–ZrB2 composite has a good potential to be a promising hot cathode material.
Stay at home if you can: COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home guidelines and local crime
Authors: Díaz Carlos , Fossati Sebastian , Trajtenberg Nicolás 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGovernment responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on mobility patterns with implications for public safety and crime dynamics in countries across the planet. This paper explores the effect of stay‐at‐home guidelines on thefts and robberies at the neighborhood level in a Latin American city. We exploit neighborhood heterogeneity in the ability of working adults to comply with stay‐at‐home recommendations and use difference‐in‐differences and event‐study designs to identify the causal effect of COVID‐19 mobility restrictions on the monthly number of thefts and robberies reported to police across neighborhoods in Montevideo (Uruguay) in 2020. Our results show that neighborhoods with a higher share of residents with work‐from‐home jobs experienced a larger reduction in reported thefts in relation to neighborhoods with a lower share of residents with work‐from‐home jobs. In contrast, both groups of neighborhoods experienced a similar reduction in the number of reported robberies. These findings cast light on opportunity structures for crime but also on how crime during the pandemic has disproportionately affected more vulnerable areas and households.
Periodontal phenotype modification of complexes periodontal‐orthodontic case scenarios: A clinical review on the applications of allogenous dermal matrix as an alternative to subepithelial connective tissue graft
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Garcia‐Valenzuela Francisco Salvador 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this review is to address the potential applications of allogenous dermal matrix (ADM), as an alternative to subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), in promoting periodontal phenotype modification (PPM) of challenging periodontal‐orthodontic clinical scenarios.OverviewThe rationale behind the need of changing thin to thick gingival tissues is associated to the superior and more stable treatment outcomes promoted by PPM therapy. PPM, via soft tissue grafting, leads to clinical and histological changes of the pre‐established original genetic conditions of the gingiva. Although SCTG‐based procedures are recognized as the “gold standard” for the treatment of sites requiring root coverage and gingival augmentation, ADM has been recognized as the most suitable alternative to SCTG, particularly in clinical scenarios where the use of autogenous grafts is not possible. Thus, ADM is considered an optimal option for the treatment of patients with a history (or in need) of orthodontic tooth movement, due its two‐fold potential indication: (1) the promotion of periodontal soft tissue phenotype modification; and (2) its use, as a barrier membrane, in hard tissues augmentation procedures.ConclusionsADM is a viable option for soft tissue augmentation, as well as for treatment approaches involving buccal bone gain.Clinical SignificancePeriodontal phenotype modification therapy, when applied in challenging periodontal‐orthodontic clinical scenarios, promotes root coverage and prevents the onset and development clinical attachment loss.