bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Definition of Thyroid Hormone Response Elements Based on a Synthetic STARR-seq Screen
Authors: Flamant Frédéric , Zekri Yanis , Guyot Romain 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When bound to thyroid hormone, the nuclear receptor TRα1 activates the transcription of a number of genes in many cell types. It mainly acts by binding DNA as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptors at specific response elements related to the DR4 consensus sequence. However, the number of DR4-like elements in the genome exceed by far the number of occupied sites, indicating that minor variations in nucleotides composition deeply influence the DNA-binding capacity and transactivation activity of TRα1. An improved protocol of synthetic self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing was used to quantitatively assess the transcriptional activity of thousands of synthetic sites in parallel. This functional screen highlights a strong correlation between the affinity of the heterodimers for DNA and their capacity to mediate the thyroid hormone response.
Mechanosensitive Steroid Hormone Signaling and Cell Fate
Authors: Northey Jason J , Weaver Valerie M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMechanical forces collaborate across length scales to coordinate cell fate during development and the dynamic homeostasis of adult tissues. Similarly, steroid hormones interact with their nuclear and nonnuclear receptors to regulate diverse physiological processes necessary for the appropriate development and function of complex multicellular tissues. Aberrant steroid hormone action is associated with tumors originating in hormone-sensitive tissues and its disruption forms the basis of several therapeutic interventions. Prolonged perturbations to mechanical forces may further foster tumor initiation and the evolution of aggressive metastatic disease. Recent evidence suggests that steroid hormone and mechanical signaling intersect to direct cell fate during development and tumor progression. Potential mechanosensitive steroid hormone signaling pathways along with their molecular effectors will be discussed in this context.
Atypical Alzheimer Disease Variants
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J. , Apostolova Liana G. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article discusses the clinical, neuroimaging, and biomarker profiles of sporadic atypical Alzheimer disease (AD) variants, including early-onset AD, posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, dysexecutive variant and behavioral variant AD, and corticobasal syndrome.

RECENT FINDINGS
Significant advances are being made in the recognition and characterization of the syndromically diverse AD variants. These variants are identified by the predominant cognitive and clinical features: early-onset amnestic syndrome, aphasia, visuospatial impairments, dysexecutive and behavioral disturbance, or motor symptoms. Although understanding of regional susceptibility to disease remains in its infancy, visualizing amyloid and tau pathology in vivo and CSF examination of amyloid-β and tau proteins are particularly useful in atypical AD, which can be otherwise prone to misdiagnosis. Large-scale research efforts, such as LEADS (the Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease Study), are currently ongoing and will continue to shed light on our understanding of these diverse presentations.

SUMMARY
Understanding the clinical, neuroimaging, and biomarker profiles of the heterogeneous group of atypical AD syndromes improves diagnostic accuracy in patients who are at increased risk of misdiagnosis. Earlier accurate identification facilitates access to important interventions, social services and disability assistance, and crucial patient and family education.
Fugitive Archives: Translation, Sea, and History in Indian Ocean Fiction
Authors: Rajbhandari Kritish 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article explores the representation of multilingual Indian Ocean pasts in novels by Amitav Ghosh and Abdulrazak Gurnah, two key contemporary postcolonial writers from the opposite shores of the ocean. It theorizes the historical impulse in the novels as anarchival drift, which refers to the self-conscious mode of rewriting the past that subjects the archive to the instability and fluidity of the sea. Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies (2006) and Gurnah’s Paradise (1994) both tell stories of forced displacements in the nineteenth-century Indian Ocean; both rewrite colonial archives in order to depict cross-cultural interactions, employing various self-reflexive textual strategies that draw attention to the linguistic and archival mediations operating in those encounters. This article examines these textual moments alongside the novels’ archival sources—specifically, nineteenth-century colonial dictionaries and Swahili travelogues—to argue that the self-reflexivity results from the multiplicity of linguistic registers on which these texts operate, making visible the translative processes imbricated in transoceanic historical forces. While both novels appeal to the linguistic aspects of cross-cultural interactions, the article traces the divergent ways in which the semantic drift among languages stage the materiality and historicity of trans-oceanic encounters.
Factors affecting the biosynthesis and emission of a Drosophila pheromone
Authors: Cortot Jérôme , Farine Jean-Pierre , Cobb Matthew , Everaerts Claude , Ferveur Jean-François 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The most studied pheromone in Drosophila melanogaster, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), is synthesized in the male ejaculatory bulb and transferred to the female during copulation. Combined with other chemicals, cVA can modulate fly aggregation, courtship, mating and fighting. We explored the mechanisms underlying both cVA biosynthesis and emission in males of two wild types and a pheromonal mutant line. The effects of ageing, adult social interaction, and maternally transmitted cVA and microbes – both associated with the egg chorion – on cVA biosynthesis and emission were measured. While ageing and genotype changed both biosynthesis and emission in similar ways, early developmental exposure to maternally transmitted cVA and microbes strongly decreased cVA emission but not the biosynthesis of this molecule. This indicates that the release – but not the biosynthesis – of this sex pheromone strongly depends on early developmental context. The mechanism by which the preimaginal effects occur is unknown, but reinforces the significance of development in determining adult physiology and behaviour.
Case Report: Hyperemesis gravidarum, high transaminases level and prolonged prothrombin time: is it an acute liver injury?
Authors: Ennaifer Rym , El Mouldi Yosr , Bouchabou Bochra , Nakhli Abdelwahab , Hemdani Nesrine , Triki Amel 
Published: June 2022

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. It is considered a benign condition, but severe complications, fortunately rare, have been reported. Frequently, this condition is associated with a perturbed liver function tests, which remains without severe consequences. The clinical presentation may be suggestive of an acute liver injury (ALI), especially as the end of the first trimester approaches, pregnancy specific and non-specific liver diseases should be considered. Case: A 28-year-old primigravida, 14-week pregnant woman affected by hyperemesis gravidarum, developed high transaminases level and spontaneously low prothrombin time (PT) ratio. An ALI was suspected as transaminases were very high and our patient was at the end of the first trimester. An exhaustive etiological work-up was negative. In the second line, the factor V assay was conducted, which showed a normal activity, and the vitamin K level was low. We therefore concluded that it was hyperhemesis gravidarum complicated by fluid and electrolyte disorders and vitamin K deficiency. She had parenteral rehydration and a proton pump inhibitor. She received intravenous vitamin K 10 mg daily for three days. The outcome was excellent without any maternal or fetal impact. Conclusion: Hyperhemesis gravidarum is a common condition in the first trimester of pregnancy that usually has a favourable outcome. However, it is important to be attentive to possible complications, including vitamin K deficiency with its maternal and fetal consequences. On the other hand, in case of major disturbance of the liver function tests, we should not overlook acute liver injury and should not hesitate to initiate an adequate etilogical investigation.
Journeys of Violence: Trajectories of (Im-)Mobility and Migrants’ Encounters with Violence in European Border Spaces
Authors: Lorenz Rahel , Etzold Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

On their journeys to and through Europe, refugees and other migrants are commonly subjected to violence in its multifaceted forms. We argue that these “journeys of violence” are a direct effect of a fundamentally uneven and asymmetric global mobility regime that creates frictions and fragmentations in the European border space and beyond. Our argument is based on: (1) a state-of-the-art literature review on refugees’ mobilities towards Europe and new patterns of involuntary immobilisation through border regimes, (2) a secondary analysis of recent quantitative data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), which includes a large data set on refugee’s journeys to Germany, and (3) original qualitative interviews that were conducted with migrants in Germany and Bosnia-Herzegovina. We will first show that mobility in the context of violence is highly selective and that trajectories of mobility significantly depend on mobility capital. Second, we consider the fortification of European borders and the externalisation of control regimes as facets of structural violence and demonstrate their effects on refugees’ mobility, namely the fragmentation of journeys and the systemic production of situations of protracted immobility at multiple border sites. Third, we provide insights into refugees’ exposure to and experiences of direct violence on their journeys, which must be understood as immediate consequences of the structurally violent conditions that govern their mobility and the cultural violence of delegitimising and illegalising refugees’ movements.
* This article belongs to a special issue on "Refugee Migration to Europe – Challenges and Potentials for Cities and Regions".
Use of topical haemoglobin spray in hard-to-heal wound management: a systematic review
Authors: Tayyib Nahla 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To synthesise the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of using topical haemoglobin spray to promote healing in hard-to-heal wounds in adults. Method: The search strategy of this systematic review was designed to retrieve studies published across CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC, Scopus and Mednar, before January 2020, and published in English. All study participants were aged ≥18 years. This review included randomised controlled trials, case–control studies and observational studies. The studies selected for retrieval were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion using standardised critical appraisal instruments. Results: The review included 15 studies. Overall effectiveness was demonstrated for wound closure rates, reductions in wound size, severity of wound pain and patient satisfaction with using a topical haemoglobin spray. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of a topical haemoglobin spray in reducing the size of venous leg ulcers (VLU, effect size=0.02; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.09; p<0.00001) in adult patients. However, evidence of the effectiveness of using a topical haemoglobin spray in different wound types among adult patients was limited and not high-level, which precludes any strong conclusions. Conclusion: The review provides an evidence-based guide to future priorities for clinical practice. In particular, a topical haemoglobin spray was shown to have a positive impact in reducing VLU size and promoting wound healing.
Life course trajectories of affective symptoms and their early life predictors
Authors: Thompson Ellen J. , Ploubidis George B. , Richards Marcus , Gaysina Darya 
Published: June 2022

Background:Life course trajectories of affective symptoms (depression and anxiety) are heterogenous. However, few studies have investigated the role of early life risk factors in the development of these trajectories. The present study aimed to: (1) derive latent trajectories of affective symptoms over a period of more than 50 years (ages 13–69), and (2) examine early life risk factors for associations with specific life course trajectories of affective symptoms.
Method:Participants are from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) (n = 5,362). Affective symptoms were measured prospectively at ages 13, 15, 36, 43, 53, 60–64 and 69. A latent variable modelling framework was implemented to model longitudinal profiles of affective symptoms. Twenty-four prospectively measured early life predictors were tested for associations with different symptom profiles using multinomial logistic regression.
Results:Four life course profiles of affective symptoms were identified: (1) absence of symptoms (66.6% of the sample); (2) adolescent symptoms with good adult outcome (15.2%); (3) adult symptoms only (with no symptoms in adolescence and late life) (12.9%); (4) symptoms in adolescence and mid adulthood (5.2%). Of the 24 early life predictors observed, only four were associated with life course trajectories, with small effect sizes observed.
Conclusions:People differ in their life course trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms and that these differences are not largely influenced by early life factors tested in this study.
Tuberculosis among refugees and migrant populations: Systematic review
Authors: Meaza Abyot , Tola Habteyes Hailu , Eshetu Kirubel , Mindaye Tedla , Medhin Girmay , Gumi Balako 
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among refugees and migrant populations. These groups are among the most vulnerable populations at increased risk of developing TB. However, there is no systematic review that attempts to summarize TB among refugees and migrant populations. This study aimed to summarize evidence on the magnitude of TB among refugees and migrant populations. The findings of this review will provide evidence to improve TB prevention and control policies in refugees and migrants in refugee camps and in migrant-hosting countries. A systematic search was done to retrieve the articles published from 2014 to 2021 in English language from electronic databases. Key searching terms were used in both free text and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH). Articles which had reported the magnitude of TB among refugees and migrant populations were included in the review. We assessed the risk of bias, and quality of the included studies with a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Included studies which had reported incidence or prevalence data were eligible for data synthesis. The results were shown as summary tables. In the present review, more than 3 million refugees and migrants were screened for TB with the data collection period between 1991 and 2017 among the included studies. The incidence and prevalence of TB ranged from 19 to 754 cases per 100,000 population and 18.7 to 535 cases per 100,000 population respectively among the included studies. The current findings show that the most reported countries of origin in TB cases among refugees and migrants were from Asia and Africa; and the incidence and prevalence of TB among refugees and migrant populations is higher than in the host countries. This implies the need to implement and improve TB prevention and control in refugees and migrant populations globally.
Trial registration: The protocol of this review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) with ID number, CRD42020157619.
Changes in the components of visual attention following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alnawmasi Mohammed M. , Mani Revathy , Khuu Sieu K. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on visual attention and whether different components and processes of visual attention (such as selective, sustained, divided, and covert orientation of visual attention) are affected following brain injury.MethodsA literature search between January 1980 to May 2021 was conducted using Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was undertaken for studies that assessed visual attention using different tasks that target specific or multiple components of visual attention. Three hundred twenty-nine potentially relevant articles were identified, and 20 studies met our inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 123 effect sizes (ES) were estimated from 20 studies that included 519 patients with TBI and 530 normal participants. The overall combined ES was statistically significant and large (ES = 0.92), but with high heterogeneity (Q = 614.83, p < 0.0001, I2= 80.32%). Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of TBI severity, with the ES for moderate-severe TBI significantly higher than mild TBI (t (112) = 3.11, p = 0.002). Additionally, the component of visual attention was differentially affected by TBI (F (2, 120) = 10.25, p<0.0001); the ES for selective attention (ES = 1.13) and covert orientation of visual attention (ES = 1.14) were large, whilst for sustained attention, the ES was medium at 0.43. A subgroup analysis comparing outcome measures showed that reaction time (ES = 1.12) was significantly more affected compared to performance accuracy (ES = 0.43), F (1, 96) = 25.98, p<0.0001).ConclusionLarge and significant deficits in visual attention was found following TBI which can last for years after the initial injury. However, different components of visual attention were not affected to the same extent, with selective visual attention and orientation of visual attention most affected following TBI.
Spatiotemporal analysis of hospital admissions for primary care-sensitive conditions in women and children in the first 1000 days of life
Authors: Prado Isabelle Aguiar , Rocha Núbia Cristina da Silva , Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of hospital admission rates for primary care-sensitive conditions (PCSC) in women and children in the first 1000 days of life in Brazil.

Methods
Ecological study, with spatiotemporal analyses, using secondary data from Brazilian municipalities. PCSC in women, related to prenatal care and childbirth, and in children under two years old, from 2008 to 2019 were used to characterize trends and formations of spatiotemporal clusters/outliers. Crude PCSC rates were calculated and adjusted by the local empirical Bayesian method, presented in choropleth maps. We also used Anselin Local Moran I type analyses to identify spatial clusters, and space-time cube with clustering by emerging hotspot, followed by time series clustering, for analysis of spatiotemporal trends (alpha = 5%).

Results
A total of 1,850,776 PCSC were registered in pregnant women, puerperae, and children under two years of age in Brazil, representing 1.7% of the total number of hospital admissions in the period. PCSC rates showed different behaviors when the groups of women and children were evaluated, with a predominant growing trend of 109% in admissions in the first group and a reduction of 34.4% in the second. The North, Northeast, and Midwest regions had larger high-risk clusters and more significant increasing trends in PCSC in the two subpopulations studied.

Conclusions
Health actions and services in primary care may be reducing hospital admissions for children, but they are not being effective in reducing hospital admissions for women for causes related to prenatal care and childbirth, especially in the North, Northeast, and Midwest of Brazil. Investments in the qualification of care over the thousand days are urgent in the country.
Understanding determinants of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in India: A qualitative study of government officials and civil society stakeholders
Authors: Erchick Daniel J. , Gupta Madhu , Blunt Madeleine , Bansal Adarsh , Sauer Molly , Gerste Amelia , Holroyd Taylor A. , Wahl Brian , Santosham Mathuram , Limaye Rupali J. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Few studies have described the drivers of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in India from the perspective of those involved in the design and implementation of vaccine campaigns–such as government officials and civil society stakeholders–a prerequisite to developing approaches to address this barrier to high immunization coverage and further child health improvements.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study to understand government officials and civil society stakeholders’ perceptions of the drivers of vaccine hesitancy in India. We conducted in-depth phone interviews using a structured guide of open-ended questions with 21 participants from international and national non-governmental organizations, professional associations, and universities, and state and national government–six national-level stakeholders in New Delhi, six state-level stakeholders in Uttar Pradesh, six in Kerala, and three in Gujarat–from July 2020 to October 2020. We analyzed data through a multi-stage process following Grounded Theory. We present findings on individual-level, contextual, and vaccine/vaccination program-specific factors influencing vaccine hesitancy.

Results
We identified multiple drivers and complex ways they influence vaccine beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors from the perspective of government officials and civil society stakeholders involved in vaccine campaigns. Important individual-level influences were low awareness of the benefits of vaccination, safety concerns, especially related to mild adverse events following immunization, and mistrust in government and health service quality. Contextual-level factors included communications, the media environment, and social media, which serves as a major conduit of misinformation and driver of hesitancy, as well as sociodemographic factors–specific drivers varied widely by income, education, urban/rural setting, and across religious and cultural groups. Among vaccine/vaccination-level issues, vaccine program design and delivery and the role of health care professionals emerged as the strongest determinants of hesitancy.

Conclusions
Drivers of vaccine hesitancy in India, as elsewhere, vary widely by local context; successful interventions should address individual, contextual, and vaccine-specific factors. While previous studies focused on individual-level factors, our study demonstrates the equal importance of contextual and vaccine-specific influences, especially the communication and media environment, influential leaders, sociodemographic factors, and frontline health workers.