bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Monitoring of Particle Consolidation during Low Pressure Cold Spray by Ultrasonic Techniques
Authors: Lubrick M. , Titov S. , Leshchynsky V. , Dzhurinskiy D. , Maev R.Gr. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work assesses the potential of using an ultrasonic probe attached to the back of the substrate to monitor the cold spraying process. While this is only a preliminary study, focusing more on presenting the results than analyzing them, a few conclusions may be drawn. With acoustic sensing, not only can the final value of thickness be estimated, it is also possible to see the dynamics of how the buildup takes place in real time. As shown in the data plots, the buildup process for aluminum-alumina composites is fairly universal across the spray with slower buildup at the outer edges of the coating. More importantly, it is shown that nozzle speed, spray diameter, and thickness estimates fit well with measured values.
Corrosion Behavior and Microstructure of Al-Al2O3 Coatings Produced by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying
Authors: Villafuerte J. , Dzhurinskiy D. , Ramirez R. , Maeva E. , Leshchynsky V. , Maev R.Gr. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, low-pressure cold spraying was used to deposit Al and Al-Al2O3 composite powders on different substrate materials, including steel, aluminum, and magnesium alloy. Corrosion performance was evaluated by electrochemical testing in 1M NaCl electrolyte and microstructure was examined by means of SEM analysis. The results show that the corrosion potential of Al-Al2O3 coatings depends on the content of alumina and that its presence does not appear to accelerate dissolution and failure of passivation oxide films. The investigation also revealed that pure aluminum coatings on aluminum alloy substrates can act as sacrificial anodes, thus providing corrosion protection.
Relationship between the Interlamellar Bonding and Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Y2O3-ZrO2 Coatings
Authors: Xing Y.-Z. , Li C.-J. , Li C.-X. , Yang G.-J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings were plasma sprayed on heated substrates at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1100 °C. Lamellar mean bonding ratio was estimated from the ionic conductivity of the coatings and mechanical properties were measured by indentation testing. The bonding ratio, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the YSZ coatings were found to increase with substrate surface temperature. The results show that the mechanical properties of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings are determined by interlamellar bonding and that significant improvements can be achieved by controlling coating surface temperature.
Effects of Some Light Alloying Elements on the Oxidation Behavior of Fe and Ni-Cr Based Alloys during Air Plasma Spraying
Authors: Zeng Z. , Kuroda S. , Kawakita J. , Komatsu M. , Era H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of alloying additions on the oxidation behavior of iron (Fe) and nickel-chromium (NiCr) powders during atmosphere plasma spraying. The chemical composition and phases of oxides in the particles as well as in the coatings are assessed for different powder mixtures and spraying parameters. The results show that oxygen content can be significantly reduced by adding silicon (Si) and boron (B) to iron powders and Si, B, and carbon (C) to NiCr. The preferential oxidation and subsequent vaporization of Si, B, and C from the surface of the sprayed particles are believed to play a major role in controlling oxidation in the APS process.
Study of the Splat-Substrate Interface for a NiCr Coating Plasma Sprayed on to Polished Aluminum and Stainless Steel Substrates
Authors: Brossard S. , Munroe P.R. , Tran A. , Hyland M.M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A study of plasma-sprayed NiCr splats shows that the morphology and characteristics of the splat-substrate interface depends on the substrate material. Splats on stainless steel tend to be regular and disc-shaped and localized melting of the substrate and intermixing and diffusion were observed at the interface. Splats on aluminum, on the other hand, were slightly more irregular and the contact at the splat-substrate interface was found to be porous and poor. For both types of splats, several oxide phases were observed. Their formation and the formation of the splats are discussed, although further study is required to fully identify the origins of the differences observed.
Testing Method of Spalling Resistance for Thermal Barrier Coating by Thermal Cycle and Thermal Shock
Authors: Harada Y. , Itoh Y. , Kojima Y. , Ono F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“Testing Method for Thermal Cycle and Thermal Shock Resistance of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC)” is a Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) newly established by the Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry in 2008, after deliberations by Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, in accordance with the Industrial Standardization Law. The standard specifies a testing method that evaluates the spalling resistance of TBCs based on operating conditions in gas turbines. This paper provides an overview of the standard along with examples of its use.
Effect of Powder Characteristics on Properties of Warm-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings
Authors: Chivavibul P. , Watanabe M. , Kuroda S. , Komatsu M. , Sato K. , Kitamura J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this present work, WC-Co coatings with different Co contents were deposited by warm spraying using two different powder sizes and their microstructure, hardness, fracture resistance, and wear properties were investigated. The coatings produced from fine powders showed higher hardness and better wear behavior for all Co contents than those deposited from coarse powders, which is attributed to improved splat-splat bonding and a reduction in porosity that comes with using fine powder.
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Oxidation Mechanism of Blended Powder Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings
Authors: Matthews S. , James B. , Hyland M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work assesses the effect of heat treatment on the oxidation resistance of blended-powder CrC-NiCr coatings produced by HVOF spraying. The as-sprayed coating phases oxidized independently with NiCr rapidly forming nickel oxide, which was subsequently consumed by a solid-state reaction with Cr2O3. The NiO formed two distinct morphologies: large bulbous oxides on thin regions of exposed alloy and thin, flat oxide layers on large alloy regions. Heat treatment led to sintering of the splats and diffusion of Cr from the carbide phase into the NiCr alloy, increasing Cr to the point where Cr2O3 dominated the oxide composition from the earliest exposure time. The implications of the change in oxidation mechanism and oxide morphology are discussed.
A Comparative Study of the Isothermal Oxidation Behaviour of APS, VPS and HVOF CoNiCrAlY Coatings
Authors: Di Ferdinando M. , Fossati A. , Lavacchi A. , Borgioli F. , Bardi U. , Giolli C. , Scrivani A. , Rizzi G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely used in gas turbines to reduce thermal exposure of structural components and increase turbine efficiency. They typically consist of a MCrAlY bond coat and a YSZ topcoat. At high temperatures, a thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer forms between the bond coat and topcoat. If this layer is a continuous scale of alumina, it will act as a diffusion barrier to suppress the formation of other detrimental oxides, thus helping to protect the substrate from further oxidation. It has been reported, however, that other oxides, such as chromia, spinel, and NiO, may form along with the TGO layer, ultimately leading to TBC failure. To investigate such claims, coatings of comparable thickness were deposited by various spraying methods onto a superalloy substrate using a powder of the same composition. Samples were isothermally oxidized at 1273 K for different periods up to 3000 hours. The samples were examined before and after furnace tests and the results are presented and discussed.
Densification of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Wear Resistant Coatings
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Krebs B. , Tekkaya A.E. , Brosius A. , Franzen V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thermal spray coatings produced from hard materials show good potential for extending the service life of sheet metal forming tools. However, post-process methods currently used to improve coating surface quality are slow and expensive, especially on complex surfaces. A novel approach, demonstrated in this study, is the optimization of thermally sprayed coatings by roller burnishing. This process shows a high potential to not only reduce surface roughness and porosity, but also increase hardness even on free-formed surfaces. In the experiments, atmospheric plasma-sprayed CrC-NiCr coatings were produced and the burnishing process was performed on a CNC milling machine. Both the spraying and surface finishing processes are described and the results are presented and discussed.
Heat Flux Controls by In Situ Laser Treatment for Thermal Spraying
Authors: Danlos Y. , Costil S. , Deng S. , Liao H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, Ni-Al powder is plasma sprayed on various substrates prepared by in-situ laser ablation and preheating. Surface topography and splat shape are examined in order to assess how laser induced heat flux affects surface modifications and variations in splat shape. The causes of laser induced surface modifications are identified for Al, Ti, and stainless steel substrates and it is shown that laser preheating improves surface absorptivity, which effectively subjects more defects to the effects of the laser.
Chemical Vapor Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition of Coatings for Mechanical Applications
Authors: Doll G.L. , Scharf T.W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes and the advantages they offer physical vapor deposition for the application of friction and wear coatings for micromechanical assemblies and components. It explains how hard and solid lubricant phases can be applied by these non-line-of-sight deposition methods, achieving nanoscale conformality and coating uniformity on buried surfaces and interfaces. It also discusses inherent disadvantages and explains how plasma excitation can be incorporated in either process to overcome material limitations.
Polymer Thermal Spraying: A Novel Coating Process
Authors: Ivosevic M. , Coguill S.L. , Galbraith S.L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new coating process called polymer thermal spraying (PTS) was recently developed to accommodate the deposition of heat sensitive polymeric materials over a broad range of substrates. The novel process uses an electro-resistive element to heat the main process gas, which could be air, any pure gas, or gas mixture. This paper describes the process and presents three case studies in which it is used to produce blast mitigation coatings for civil structures, super-hydrophobic coatings for corrosion protection, and flame resistant polyimide syntactic foams for thermal insulation.
HVOF and HVSFS Coatings for Reduction of Wear and Friction in Cylinder Liners
Authors: Rauch J. , Manzat A. , Killinger A. , Gadow R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study compares the tribological performance of HVOF and HVSFS coatings applied to gray cast iron and aluminum cylinder liners. Five different materials, including Fe alloy, FeCrMo, CrC-NiCr, NiCrBSi, and WC-Co, were sprayed using a conventional HVOF torch operated by a six-axis robot while the liners were manipulated by means of a rotary table. A similar setup was used to spray TiO2-TiC coatings, but the gun was modified for nano-sized particles in a suspension fed axially into the combustion chamber. Coating microstructures were examined using optical and SEM imaging and friction and wear properties were determined through oscillating friction wear tests. The results obtained are compared to state-of-the-art cylinder liners.
Feather-Like Structured YSZ Coatings at Fast Rates by Plasma Spray Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shinozawa A. , Eguchi K. , Kambara M. , Yoshida T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, a variety of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings have been obtained by plasma spray physical vapor deposition with fine powders at high power. The coating structures were found to change significantly with powder feed rate, but less with substrate temperature and rotation speed. Porous YSZ coatings with a feather-like structure and low thermal conductivity were deposited at rates as high as 220 μm/min. These results demonstrate the potential of plasma spray physical vapor deposition for producing thermal barrier coatings.
Metal and Non-Metal Film Formation Using Atmospheric Aerosol Spray Method
Authors: Choi H. , Kim K. , Kim T. , Choi H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A low-temperature, atmospheric-pressure spraying process was recently developed that facilitates the formation of highly functional films on any type of substrate using metal or nonmetal powders. This paper describes the new process and explains how different parameters, such as spraying distance, exit gas velocity, nozzle diameter, and particle size, affect the thickness, area, and composition of copper and barium titanate films on alumina, copper clad, and wafer substrates.
Cold Spraying Combined with Laser Surface Pre-Treatment Using Protal
Authors: Christoulis D.K. , Guetta S. , Guipont V. , Berger M.H. , Jeandin M. , Boustie M. , Costil S. , Ichikawa Y. , Ogawa K. , Irissou E. , Legoux J.-G. , Moreau C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, fine aluminum powder was cold sprayed onto aluminum substrates, some of which were polished, some grit blasted, and some pretreated using a nano-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. In the latter case, the laser is coupled with the cold spray gun and the irradiation treatment occurs just prior to deposition. To better understand the interaction mechanisms involved with laser pretreating, coating-substrate interfaces were examined on thin-foil specimens and adhesion strength was determined by laser shock testing. The results show that substrate pretreatment with a nano-pulsed laser significantly improves the coating-substrate interface as well as coating adhesion.
Studies on the Sliding Wear Performance of Plasma Spray Ni-20Cr and Ni3Al Coatings
Authors: Kaur M. , Singh H. , Singh B. , Singh B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, two metallic powders, Ni-20Cr and Ni3Al, were plasma sprayed on stainless steel substrates in order to compare their sliding wear properties. The coatings exhibited typical splat morphology prior to wear testing. After wear testing, the coatings were again examined along with an uncoated substrate. It was concluded that although either coating can effectively reduce the wear rate of 309 stainless steel, the Ni3Al coating is a better choice.
Wear Behavior of Plasma Spayed Al-Si/TiB2/h-BN Composite Coating
Authors: Ozdemir I. , Tsunekawa Y. , Tekmen C. , Grund T. , Wielage B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, mechanically alloyed Al–12Si/TiB2/h-BN composite powder was deposited onto an aluminum substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying. The results revealed that the mechanical alloying (MA) process has a significant effect on composite powder morphology and in-situ reaction intensity between the selective powders during plasma spraying. In addition, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powder incorporated as a solid lubricant, which has excellent lubricating properties, decomposed into B and N and formed a solid solution after a long period of milling. More specifically, during plasma spraying a large amount of h-BN reacted with Al to form AlN. Unlubricated ball-on-disk testing ring was used to examine the anti wear performance of the coatings. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron and energy dispersive spectroscopy to elucidate the wear mechanisms operating at the sliding interface.
LCA Comparison of Electroplating and Other Thermal Spray Processes
Authors: Moign A. , Vardelle A. , Legoux J.G. , Themelis N.J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a life cycle assessment comparison of electroplating and various thermal spray processes for the formation of nickel coatings. The comparison was carried out using a peer-reviewed database of upstream materials and energy and commercial LCA software. Material and energy use and the corresponding emissions of each coating process were converted to impact scores by means of the Eco-Indicator-99 method.
EFEKTIVITAS KOMPRES CUKA TERHADAP PENURUNAN SUHU TUBUH PADA BALITA PASCA IMMUNISASI DASAR DI PUSKESMAS CEMPAKA KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Mariana Evi Risa , Suroto Suroto 
Published: December 2022

Kondisi demam pada balita tidak hanya karena adanya penyakit juga dialami setalah mendapatkan immunisasi dasar. Ada dua manajemen demam yaitu farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Salah satu tindakan non farmakologi terhadap penurunan panas adalah kompres sebagai metode pemeliharaan suhu tubuh dengan menggunakan cairan atau yang dapat menimbulkan hangat atau dingin pada bagian tubuh yang memerlukan. Untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh, dikenal juga obat demam tradisional dengan cuka yang harganya sangat terjangkau dan juga efektif meredakan demam. Obat ini meredakan demam dikarenakan kandungan asam di dalamnya dapat berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan panas dari dalam tubuh. Selain itu, obat demam tradisional ini mengandung banyak mineral yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan mineral tubuh akibat demam.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah adalah eksperimen semu (quasi experimental) dengan rancangan pre test – post test control group design. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis suhu tubuh balita pasca immunisasi setelah diberikan kompres cuka dan tanpa cuka serta menganalisis efektivitas kompres cuka sebagai bahan kompres dengan cara membandingkan suhu tubuh balita pasca immunisasi dengan suhu tubuh normal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita yang mengalami demam pasca immunisasi dasar di Puskesmas Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru. Sampel diambil secara accidental sampling dalam waktu 2 bulan, yang dijadikan sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Analisis data dengan menggunakan Independent t-test dan Paired t-test dengan signifikansi α 0,05.
Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan suhu tubuh antara kelompok perlakuan/intervensi (kompres cuka) dengan kelompok kontrol (tanpa kompres cuka) menggunakan uji independent sample t test didapatkan nilai p<α=0,05 dengan tingkat kesalahan, α= 0,05. Jika nilai p<α=0,05 maka Ha diterima, berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara suhu tubuh pada balita yang dilakukan kompres cuka dengan yang tidak memakai cuka. Kesimpulan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara suhu tubuh pada balita yang dilakukan kompres cuka dengan yang tidak memakai cuka. Saran bagi Puskesmas Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru khususnya poliklinik immunisasi dan kader posyandu dapat memberikan alternatif kompres cuka (metoden non farmakologi) untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh balita pasca immunisasi
The Polyfollicular Anovulatory Androgenic Syndrome: A New Label for an Old Syndrome
Authors: Kandil Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. The affected women may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone levels with manifestations of hyperandrogenemia. The ovaries may fail to ovulate with many arrested follicles at the primordial stage. There was a time when the medical profession honored its members by naming diseases after them and that was the case with Stein and Leventhal syndrome which was later changed to polycystic ovary syndrome. Since then, our understanding of the syndrome had changed dramatically. It is now not just a mere association of symptoms with some ultrasonographic features, but rather complex hormonal and metabolic abnormalities with a wide spectrum of variable clinical presentations. Hence, there is an obvious need for a new name to reflect these abnormalities. This article explains the existing problem with the current name and suggests a new system to rename the syndrome.
New Terms for the Educators’ Digital Lexicon
Authors: Gilbert Gregory E. , Bauman Eric B. 
Published: December 2022

In 2001 Prensky introduced the terms “digital immigrant” and “digital native”. While some may argue these terms are now considered historical, we argue that they are and remain culturally significant and historically timeless. As such we use them to frame our discussion here as it relates to the introduction of new terms salient to higher education. Currently the educators' digital lexicon is insufficient to address educational success. The authors present terms augmenting the educators’ digital lexicon. The authors propose terms expanding the digital lexicon including another class of learner – the digital Neanderthal and terms for educators to consider including digital concordance, digital discord, digital disruption, and digital dissonance. These terms are a result of members of each digital class not considering their learners. Unless instructors adopt learning theories amenable to appropriate classes of learners in the digital landscape, they will be barriers to learning instead of facilitators. If students are taught without regard to their digital demographic, educators will lose a vital opportunity to engage students regardless of their digital demographic. Administrators must also consider the faculty digital demographic when implementing technical innovations as this demographic may impact its success or failure. The authors are unaware of other work highlighting or conceptualizing this new class of learner or educator. Further, to our knowledge we are unaware of the concepts presented here being presented elsewhere. The consideration of these concepts is critical to the success of students today in the future and our educational institutions.
Productivity and hematological parameters of blood of young pigs at fatten-ing for feeding protein vitamin mineral supplement
Authors: Syrovatko K. M. 
Published: December 2022

The article presents data on the productivity and hematological parameters of the blood of young pigs for fattening for the inclusion in their diet of a new protein vitamin-mineral supplement with essential oils, Efiprot. Plant essential oils are natural phytobiotics containing fat-soluble vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, volatile acids, aldehydes, and other biologically active substances with bactericidal and antiseptic properties, increased appetite, and secretion of digestive juices. Thus, they provide better feed conversion and increased productivity. Protein vitamin-mineral supplement Efiprot is for a diet consisting of barley grains (50 %) and wheat grains (35 %). The experiment was carried out on two groups (12 heads in a group) of young pigs, a cross of Large White and Landrace. At the beginning of the experiment live weight of the animals was 35 kg; at the end, it was 110 kg. Control group animals were fed a supplement without essential oils; experimental group animals were additionally fed a dose of essential oils (200 g per 1 ton of supplement). Feeding supplements with essential oils positively affected pig productivity and feed growth. The absolute increase in live animals of the experimental group averaged 68.6 kg, average daily was 762 g; the corresponding values of the control group were 63.8 kg and 709 g for 90 days. Feeding protein vitamin-mineral supplement (PVMS) increased average daily gain by 53 g or 7.48 %, while feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was lower by 0.3 energy feed units or 6.69 % than the control one. Hematological parameters of pig blood fed by PVMS Efiprot corresponded to the limits of the physiological norm. At the end of the experiment, an increase in erythrocytes, total protein, and hemoglobin was observed in the blood of the experimental animals, which is consistent with an increase in meat productivity. A slight increase in the mass of basophils, eosinophils, and leukocytes is adaptive and incredible.