bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travel and terrain advice statements in public avalanche bulletins: a quantitative analysis of who uses this information, what makes it useful, and how it can be improved for users
Authors: Fisher Kathryn C. , Haegeli Pascal , Mair Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Recreationists are responsible for developing their own risk management plans for travelling in avalanche terrain. To help recreationists mitigate their exposure to avalanche hazard, many avalanche warning services include explicit travel and terrain advice (TTA) statements in their daily avalanche bulletins where forecasters offer guidance about what specific
terrain to avoid and what to favour under the existing conditions. However,
the use and effectiveness of this advice has never been tested to ensure it
meets the needs of recreationists developing their risk management approach
for backcountry winter travel. We conducted an online survey in Canada and the United States to determine
which user groups are paying attention to the TTA in avalanche bulletins,
what makes these statements useful, and if modifications to the phrasing of the statements would improve their usefulness for users. Our analysis
reveals that the core audience of the TTA is users with introductory-level
avalanche awareness training who integrate slope-scale terrain considerations into their avalanche safety decisions. Using a series of
proportional-odds ordinal mixed-effect models, we show that reducing the
jargon used in the advice helped users with no or only introductory-level
avalanche awareness training understand the advice significantly better and
adding an additional explanation made the advice more useful for them. These
results provide avalanche warning services with critical perspectives and
recommendations for improving their TTA so that they can better support
recreationists who are at earlier stages of developing their avalanche risk
management approach and therefore need the support the most.
History of Menstrual Injustice
Authors: Silverman Alexa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This research paper lies at the intersection of criminal justice, human rights, public health, and women, gender, and sexuality studies. Written for the 2021 Barnard major track History of the Present, this paper details the contemporary history of American mass incarceration as well as exposes the blatant human rights injustices and health concerns of the experience of carceral menstruation. As women's incarceration, and Black women's incarceration in particular, has increased more than any other demographic in recent years, menstruation behind bars has become a pertinent and absolutely necessary experience to discuss and improve. Abhorrent policies in jails and prisons have forced upon prisoners with periods highly unsanitary and unjust menstruation experiences, an example of the prison industrial complex's blatant and inhumane disregard for bodily autonomy.
How Much Reform?
Authors: Pogorelova Lioubov 
Published: June 2022

Though the curriculum reform movement that began in 1989 has had a significant impact on calculus pedagogy and content (Windham, 2008), the question remains to what extent reform-based calculus textbooks reflect these reforms. This paper explores this question by analyzing the mathematical content and pedagogical approach of the chapter on functions in Hughes-Hallett et al.’s (2018) reform-based college textbook Calculus: Single and Multivariable (CS&M). To conduct this analysis, the paper first synthesizes Hwang et al.’s (2021) framework for analyzing mathematics textbooks along with Sood and Jitendra’s (2007) framework for comparing traditional and reform-based mathematics textbooks. The paper then applies the synthesized frameworks to identify elements of reform from the big ideas, contextual features, mediated scaffolding, problem solving activities, and STEM integration found in the CS&M chapter. The results suggest that, although the chapter integrates many reform-based principles, there may be scope for further integration. Such efforts, however, may be constrained by influential stakeholders.
From Self-Doubt to Self-Acceptance: An ESL Learner’s Journey
Authors: Li Jing 
Published: June 2022

The paper is a narrative inquiry into how an ESL learner transits from self-doubt to self-acceptance in America. Three aspects are found to be critical for the learner to reach self-acceptance: exposing the true self through storytelling; finding the trueself in collaborative learning; integrating the true self into the diversity. Thoseaspects provide teachers practical ideas regarding how to foster students’ self-acceptance and empower them to open themselves for communication in English.
Critical service-learning in adult ESOL teacher preparation: Reflections from the field
Authors: Pettitt Nicole , Ekers Ashley , Campbell Chanelle , Gure Marwok 
Published: June 2022

In the United States, few universities offer pre-service training for new teachers entering adult ESOL teaching and learning contexts. This paper reports on a pilot service-learning course offered during spring 2015 at (name of university in Georgia removed), “Teaching adult ESOL in community settings” -- one of only four courses of its kind in the country (of which we are aware). We begin by introducing the course and its philosophy, then share reflections on our experiences in the course and lessons learned. We conclude with a call for others to take up this work at universities and communities in Georgia.
Learning to Teach, Again, in China
Authors: McLeod-Chambless Lisa Lynn 
Published: June 2022

Teaching English abroad provides an opportunity to travel the world however, it can also be challenging endeavor. Having limited exposure to and understanding of the culture adds to the intensity of the challenge and the inability to navigate daily living in a new environment can be a painful disorienting experience that often results in culture shock. Young Yun Kim’s theory outlines a developmental model that presents the trials of cross-cultural adaptation as a dynamic and transformative process through which “intercultural personhood” can be developed. Kim argues that the stress of acculturation and deculturation is an opportunity for growth that is manifested in cycles of “stress-adaptation-growth”. This account of a three-year experience living and teaching at a public high school in China applies Kim’s model to demonstrate how the difficulties of cross-cultural experiences can be the catalyst for transformation and development of intercultural identity. Developing an understanding of the cultural context through awareness and reflection facilitates the ability to teach students from other cultures. Educators in Georgia, particularly ESL teachers, are likewise challenged by cultural differences with their students and can further develop their intercultural skills in regardless of location.
Language Experience Camp: Connecting Schools, Students and Families in Southeast Rural Georgia
Authors: Leckie Alisa 
Published: June 2022

For four years, ESOL teachers in Effingham County have partnered with Georgia Southern University to provide a no cost Language Experience Camp for English learners and their families. Our Language Experience Camp has three goals: 1) provide continued language development opportunities, 2) develop a sense of connectedness among ELs, their families, the school system, and the larger community, and 3) create a fun and engaging learning environment. It has become a place where students and families connect with ESOL teachers and the ESOL director as well as students from across the county. It is an example of how one county has adjusted to their changing student demographic in a way that supports students academically and also helps them integrate socially.
The Quietening of Languages: How Can We Celebrate and Welcome Them?
Authors: Tinker Sachs Gertrude M. 
Published: June 2022

In this editorial, the senior editor discusses linguistic neo-imperialism and indigenous languages and how this concept relates to an interview she conducted with author Nury Castillo Crawford and the feature article for the 2019 issue of GATESOL in Action titled "Testimonio y Teoría: Creating Bridges with Bilingual Communities in DeKalb County."
Sünnet-Vahiy Bağlamında Namazın Kılınışı Hakkındaki Görüşlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TUZCU Recep 
Published: June 2022

Sünnet-Vahiy Bağlamında Namazın Kılınışı Hakkındaki Görüşlerin Değerlendirilmesi •
İslam âlimleri, Hz. Peygamber’in sünnetinin bilgi kaynakları hakkında nübüvvet ve beşer ayrımındaki bazı iltibaslara dayanan farklı görüşler dile getirmişlerdir. Bu konuda dört ayrı anlayış oluşmuştur. Sünnetin tamamının vahye dayandığı görüşüne sahip bazı âlimler ve muhaddisler peygamberlerin rüya, ilham, kalplerine doğan bilginin gayrı metlûv vahiy ya da hikmet yani Kur’an dışında bir vahiy olduğu görüşünü benimsemiştir. Cumhur Âlimler, Hz. Peygamber’in Sünnetinin bilgi kaynağı olarak Kur’an, gayrı metlûv vahiy, beşerî tecrübe, haber, duyu organları ve nazarî görüşleri kabul etmişlerdir. Geleneği şekillendirmesi açısından Sünnet, Hz. Peygamber’in beşeri tecrübeyi vahiy kontrolünde kendi içtihadıyla yeniden düzenlemesidir. Hz. Peygamber’in Sünneti, illetlerin ve şartların dönüşümünü göz önünde bulundurmak suretiyle değişimin nüvelerini barındıran esas kaynaktır. Hz. Peygamber’in sünnetle dini hayata koyduğu formun bir tür vahiy ve şartlar değişse de değiştirilemez hükümler olduğu hususundaki kanaatlerinden dolayı hadisçiler, kimi düşünce gelenekleri tarafından tenkit edilmişlerdir. Araştırmada Hz. Peygamber’in namaz kılınışında sünnetinin kaynağı hakkındaki tartışmaları ve delilleri rivayet ilmi açısından değerlendirmeyi amaçlanmıştır. Vahyin tek ürününün Kur’an olduğunu kabul eden Hariciye fırkaları namaza dair uygulamalarda delil alınan hadisleri inkâr etmeleri sünnetin kaynağının ne olduğu tartışmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Nitekim namazın nasıl kılınacağına dair öğretinin Cebrail tarafından Hz. Peygamber’e talim edildiği görüşüne karşı çıkan söz konusu fırkalar, önceki şeriatlerde de benzer ibadet uygulamasının olduğunu gerekçe göstererek Hz. Peygamber’in namazın kılınışını Cebrail’in taliminden değil, önceki şeriatlerin uygulamalarından aldığı düşüncesiyle karşı argüman geliştirmişlerdir. Cebrail’in namazın kılınışıyla ilgili farklı zamanlarda Hz. Peygamber’le iletişim kurduğu göz önünde tutulduğunda namazın Kur’an’ın indirilişine uygun olarak tedricen talim edildiği söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hadis, Namaz, Sünnet, Vahiy, Eleştiri.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF LIQUID EXTRACT OF ZIZIPHORA BUNGEANA JUZ
Authors: Ермахан А.М. , Муталимова К.А. , Баймуканов К.А. , Караубаева А.А. , Кожанова К.К. , Сакипова З.Б. , Ахаева Т. , Жапаркулова К.А. 
Published: June 2022

В данной работе приведены результаты исследования по разработке технологической схемы получения жидкого экстаркта из растительного сырья Зизифоры Бунге в различных концентрациях этилового спирта и изученияего химического состава. Химический состав жидких экстрактов исследовали методом газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием (Agilent 7890В/5977А). В соответствии с полученными результати нами установлено, что все жидкие экстракты полученные в различных концентрациях этилового спирта содержат большей мере органическое соединение пулегон. Кроме того, 40 % и 50 % жидкие экстракты содержат около 10% уксусной кислоты. На основе полученных результатов исследовании будет разрабатываться фармацевтическая субстанция.
The genus Ziziphora belongs to Lamiaceae family being known as an aromatic medicinal plant. The Lamiaceae family has several species which are of great importance in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry, as well as in traditional and modern medicine. In this manuscript we are presents the results of a study on the development of a technological scheme for the production of liquid extract from plant raw materials of Ziziphora Bunge in various concentrations of ethyl alcohol and the study of its chemical composition. The chemical composition of liquid extracts was studied by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. In accordance with the results obtained, we found that all liquid extracts obtained in various concentrations of ethyl alcohol contain mostly the organic compound pulegon. In addition, 40% and 50% liquid extracts contain about 10% acetic acid.
Examining the Powers of the NITDA to Enforce Data Protection Laws in Nigeria
Authors: Lateef Misbau Alamu , O. Taiwo Lawrence , Adeyoju Ademola 
Published: June 2022

In Nigeria, the right to privacy is protected under Section 37 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria by providing that: ‘[t]he privacy of citizens, their homes, correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic communications is hereby guaranteed and protected. A host of other general and sector-specific legislation serves to safeguard (informational) privacy. A number of these legislations, including especially the 2019 Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR)—currently the most comprehensive of all existing informational privacy/data protection laws – is made and enforced by the country’s foremost information technology agency, i.e., the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA).
However, there have arisen controversies regarding the powers of the NITDA to make or enforce data protection laws in Nigeria. To frame the question more clearly, it has been asked whether the NITDA has the power to enforce data protection requirements and penalties stipulated in the 2007 NITDA Act and the NDPR.
This article (1) examines the role of the NITDA in data protection; (2) considers the validity of the NITDA Act, the NDPR (and other subsidiary legislation); and (3) contemplates the power of the NITDA to issue sanctions in case of non-compliance by affected entities. This article questions certain fundamental assumptions around the formulation, interpretation, and application of Nigeria’s data protection laws. Our contribution effectively lays to rest controversies surrounding NITDA’s powers of enforcement – a conclusion, which, in our opinion, remains valid until a contradictory legal judicial position, is declared.
Nigeria, Nigeria Data Protection Regulation, NDPR, National Information Technology Development Agency, NITDA, Data Protection, Privacy
Reflections on the Role of the Trade Union Lawyer
Authors: Hendy Lord John 
Published: June 2022

The role of the lawyer acting for trade unions is constrained, of course, by his or her function and status. The lawyer may be confined to servicing legal needs largely unrelated to the fact that her client is a trade union. Such matters as property conveyancing, fleet car purchase, insurance claims, disputes over payment for and services bought in, insurance and the like are common to many organizations. On the other hand, the lawyer may have the opportunity of using her legal skills to advance directly the principal functions of a trade union. In so doing, the lawyer is likely to operate in one or more of four spheres of activity:
– The lawyer may be an advisor and litigator on behalf of members of the union in the field of workers’ rights vis-à-vis employers (and sometimes in relation to members’ interactions with the police or other State or third parties).
– She may be an advisor and litigator on behalf of the union in the field of trade union rights.
– She may have a function as an educator of members and officers in relation to the law.
– Finally, she may have a role in changing the law.
This paper explores some aspects of these activities. I will illustrate some points by reference to cases in which I have appeared. This is not as immodest as it sounds since so many ended in defeat! In mitigation, however, I would, of course, say that the legal battlefield is naturally unfavourable to trade unions and that that characteristic disadvantage is multiplied when pursuing ground-breaking litigation.
Trade Union Lawyers, Workers’ Rights, Trade Union Rights, Employment Tribunal, Employment Appeal Tribunal, Supreme Court, European Court of Human Rights
The Relationship between Stigma and Anxiety among Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yesni Marnila , Rahmadhani Dwi Yunita 
Published: June 2022

Background: Puskesmas as public health facility encounter challenges in facing COVID-19, including nurses who provides care for patients who faces challenges in this emergency. The frequent interaction of nurses with patients put nurses in a high risk of being exposed to COVID-19. This situation triggers a negative stigma towards nurses in the community which impacted a lot of nurses.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is the relation between anxiety level and stigma on nurses during the COVID -19 pandemic.
Methods: The study used a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional study design with 96 respondents from Puskesmas Jambi City. Statistical test used in this research is Chi Square.
Results: Statistical test result shows that there is a significant relation between stigma and anxiety on nurses in Puskesmas Jambi city with p value=0.001.
Conclusions: Nurses are COVID-19 front liners, who are always exposed with patients, along with the stigma that comes from the community. The stigma could affect the nurses psychologically. Therefore, more attention is needed regarding this matter. Increasing public knowledge regarding infectious disease is one of the first steps in handling this issue as it could change the public perception regarding COVID-19 and its urgently needed to eliminate the negative stigma against nurses. for the next study, it can be a reference and research more about other factors that cause anxiety in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Arubaanse avondklokvonnissen
Authors: Pesselse G. 
Published: June 2022

Arubaanse avondklokvonnissen

ECLI:NL:OGEAA:2020:275Rechtmatigheid van de overtredingen betreffende ‘Toque de Queda’. Overtreding van de avondklok (‘Toque de Queda’). De verdachte heeft het urgente belang van de volksgezondheid van Aruba, dat vanwege de uitbraak van COVID-19 in het geding was, geschonden. Op dat moment was een ramp in Aruba gaande, namelijk de verspreiding van COVID-19. Door zich niet te houden aan de noodzakelijke regels ter voorkoming van de verspreiding van COVID-19 heeft de verdachte de algemene volksgezondheid van Aruba in gevaar gebracht.ECLI:NL:OGEAA:2020:582Het Gerecht komt dan ook tot de conclusie dat de regering onder de huidige omstandigheden in redelijkheid heeft kunnen kiezen voor – onder andere – het instellen van een avondklok. Deze vrijheidsbeperkende maatregel is op dit moment niet disproportioneel te achten.Verdachte heeft zich schuldig gemaakt aan overtreding van de avondklok (‘Toque de Queda’). Door aldus te handelen heeft hij het urgente belang van de volksgezondheid van Aruba, dat vanwege de uitbraak van COVID-19 in het geding was, geschonden. Op dat moment was een ramp in Aruba gaande, namelijk de verspreiding van COVID-19. Door zich niet te houden aan de noodzakelijke regels ter voorkoming van de verspreiding van COVID-19 heeft de verdachte de algemene volksgezondheid van Aruba in gevaar gebracht.Taakstraf voor de duur van 40 uren, te vervangen door 20 dagen hechtenis.
De effectiviteit van morele gedragsinterventies bij jeugdige delinquenten
Authors: Heynen Evelyn , van Vugt Eveline , Assink Mark , Stams Geert-Jan 
Published: June 2022

The effectiveness of moral behavior interventions with young offenders. A survey study
Juvenile delinquents appear to be delayed in their moral development, more specific the development of their moral judgment, empathy, guilt and shame. Moral development also appears to predict recidivism. It is therefore plausible that interventions that focus on the moral development of juvenile delinquents could have a beneficial effect on reducing recidivism. However, our systematic review (i.e., meta-analysis) shows that with these so-called moral behavioral interventions the level of moral judgment of juvenile offenders can be significantly increased, by 22%, but that such interventions have no effect on recidivism. It may be possible to increase the effectiveness of moral interventions for juvenile delinquents by simultaneously influencing several aspects of moral development instead of, for example, only moral judgment or empathy. In addition, problems of poor aggression regulation, often caused by a history of traumatic events, may need to be addressed first before moral-behavioral interventions can be effective.
Etniciteit en cultuur in gedragsdeskundige adviezen aan de rechter
Authors: van Oploo Laura 
Published: June 2022

Ethnic and cultural traits in psychiatric evaluations of defendants
This article explains the role and significance of ethnic and cultural traits in forensic psychiatric and psychological evaluations of defendants. These evaluations focus on the defendant’s criminal responsibility (legal insanity), the risk of recidivism, and advice about the sanction to be imposed. There is an overrepresentation of defendants with an immigrant background in the criminal justice system, while research indicates that cultural and ethnic traits play a significant role in behavioral evaluations of defendants. In this article is discussed to what extent cultural considerations are part of those evaluations, and how they play a role in the expert’s reasoning and the advisement of the criminal court.
Inspecteurs met voeten in de klei
Authors: Alblas Edwin 
Published: June 2022

Inspectors with their feet in the soil: the new Dutch model for monitoring compliance in agri-environmental governance
Agri-environmental schemes serve to financially compensate farmers for promoting the quality of nature and landscapes on their land. In 2016, the Netherlands implemented a new scheme that is unique in an EU and even global context. Within this model, rule-setting, inspection and enforcement tasks are shared between public actors and private ‘environmental cooperatives’: groups of farmers legally organized as conservation organizations.With a focus on the theme of inspection, this study adds new empirical insights to emerging scholarship on the interactions public policy and private authority. The study finds that present interactions between government inspectors and inspectors of the cooperatives can mainly be defined as ‘coexistence’, rather than complementary or competitive. A lack of coordination between the two types of actors was found to result in confusion among farmers and missed opportunities for mutual learning by inspectors. The study concludes with three policy recommendations to come to a more constructive relationship between public and private inspectors in the Dutch agri-environmental governance model.
Aula experimental remota: determinação do coeficiente de restituição utilizando Arduino
Authors: Destéffani Admiral Tiago 
Published: June 2022

Entre os desafios impostos pelas restrições causadas pelo covid-19, podemos destacar, em particular, a adaptação de atividades experimentais na modalidade remota. Este artigo descreve a construção e aplicação de um protótipo experimental de baixo custo, baseado na plataforma Arduino. O protótipo foi utilizado em uma aula prática para determinação do coeficiente de restituição em uma colisão inelástica, entre uma bolinha de borracha e uma superfície de madeira. O protótipo forneceu aquisição de dados em tempo real, em uma aula com graduandos em física, possibilitando a visualização do fenômeno e o compartilhamento dos dados com os alunos. Seu funcionamento é baseado na piezoeletricidade, o que permitiu observar graficamente a proporcionalidade entre a energia cinética em cada colisão e a intensidade do sinal elétrico obtido. Os resultados experimentais mostraram baixo desvio padrão e boa consistência em diversas repetições. Também foram comparados com outros resultados, obtidos por uma técnica com utilização de vídeo, mostrando uma concordância da ordem de 2 %.