bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic derivates of mitochondria and peroxisomes in the free-living amoeba Pelomyxa schiedti revealed by single-cell genomics
Authors: Záhonová Kristína , Treitli Sebastian Cristian , Le Tien , Škodová-Sveráková Ingrid , Hanousková Pavla , Čepička Ivan , Tachezy Jan , Hampl Vladimír 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mitochondria and peroxisomes are the two organelles that are most affected during adaptation to microoxic or anoxic environments. Mitochondria are known to transform into anaerobic mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, mitosomes, and various transition stages in between, collectively called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs), which vary in enzymatic capacity. Anaerobic peroxisomes were identified only recently, and their putatively most conserved function seems to be the metabolism of inositol. The group Archamoebae includes anaerobes bearing both anaerobic peroxisomes and MROs, specifically hydrogenosomes in free-living Mastigamoeba balamuthi and mitosomes in the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica, while the organelles within the third lineage represented by Pelomyxa remain uncharacterized.

Results
We generated high-quality genome and transcriptome drafts from Pelomyxa schiedti using single-cell omics. These data provided clear evidence for anaerobic derivates of mitochondria and peroxisomes in this species, and corresponding vesicles were tentatively identified in electron micrographs. In silico reconstructed MRO metabolism harbors respiratory complex II, electron-transferring flavoprotein, a partial TCA cycle running presumably in the reductive direction, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, [FeFe]-hydrogenases, a glycine cleavage system, a sulfate activation pathway, and an expanded set of NIF enzymes for iron-sulfur cluster assembly. When expressed in the heterologous system of yeast, some of these candidates localized into mitochondria, supporting their involvement in the MRO metabolism. The putative functions of P. schiedti peroxisomes could be pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and hydrolase activities. Unexpectedly, out of 67 predicted peroxisomal enzymes, only four were also reported in M. balamuthi, namely peroxisomal processing peptidase, nudix hydrolase, inositol 2-dehydrogenase, and d-lactate dehydrogenase. Localizations in yeast corroborated peroxisomal functions of the latter two.

Conclusions
This study revealed the presence and partially annotated the function of anaerobic derivates of mitochondria and peroxisomes in P. schiedti using single-cell genomics, localizations in yeast heterologous systems, and transmission electron microscopy. The MRO metabolism resembles that of M. balamuthi and most likely reflects the state in the common ancestor of Archamoebae. The peroxisomal metabolism is strikingly richer in P. schiedti. The presence of myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase in the predicted peroxisomal proteome corroborates the situation in other Archamoebae, but future experimental evidence is needed to verify additional functions of this organelle.
Systematic review of the evidence sources applied to cost-effectiveness analyses for older women with primary breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yubo , Gavan Sean P. , Steinke Douglas , Cheung Kwok-Leung , Chen Li-Chia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To appraise the sources of evidence and methods to estimate input parameter values in decision-analytic model-based cost-effectiveness analyses of treatments for primary breast cancer (PBC) in older patients (≥ 70 years old).

Methods
Two electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE) were searched (inception until 5 September-2021) to identify model-based full economic evaluations of treatments for older women with PBC as part of their base-case target population or age-subgroup analysis. Data sources and methods to estimate four types of input parameters including health-related quality of life (HRQoL); natural history; treatment effect; resource use were extracted and appraised. Quality assessment was completed by reference to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards.

Results
Seven model-based economic evaluations were included (older patients as part of their base-case (n = 3) or subgroup (n = 4) analysis). Data from younger patients (< 70 years) were used frequently to estimate input parameters. Different methods were adopted to adjust these estimates for an older population (HRQoL: disutility multipliers, additive utility decrements; Natural history: calibration of absolute values, one-way sensitivity analyses; Treatment effect: observational data analysis, age-specific behavioural parameters, plausible scenario analyses; Resource use: matched control observational data analysis, age-dependent follow-up costs).

Conclusion
Improving estimated input parameters for older PBC patients will improve estimates of cost-effectiveness, decision uncertainty, and the value of further research. The methods reported in this review can inform future cost-effectiveness analyses to overcome data challenges for this population. A better understanding of the value of treatments for these patients will improve population health outcomes, clinical decision-making, and resource allocation decisions.
Neutral functional sequential differential equations with Caputo fractional derivative on time scales
Authors: Lazreg Jamal Eddine , Benkhettou Nadia , Benchohra Mouffak , Karapinar Erdal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution for a class of initial value problems for implicit fractional differential equations with Caputo fractional derivative. The arguments are based upon the Banach contraction principle, the nonlinear alternative of Leray–Schauder type and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. As applications, two examples are included to show the applicability of our results.
Pandemic or panic? A firm-level study on the psychological and industrial impacts of COVID-19 on the Chinese stock market
Authors: Wang Qiuyun , Liu Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study presents a thorough investigation of the relationship between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and daily stock price changes. We use several types of COVID-19 patients as indicators for exploring whether stock prices are significantly affected by COVID-19’s impact. In addition, using the Chinese stock market as an example, we are particularly interested in the psychological and industrial impacts of COVID-19 on the financial market. This study makes two contributions to the literature. First, from a theoretical perspective, it shows a novel quantitative relationship between the psychological response to the pandemic and stock prices. In addition, it depicts the mechanism of the shock to the stock market by pointing out the specific functional expression of the impulse reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first theoretical calculation of the impulse of a shock to the financial market. Second, this study empirically estimates the marginal effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on fluctuations in stock market returns. By controlling for stock fundamentals, this study also estimates diverse industrial responses to pandemic stock volatility. We confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused panic in the stock market, which not only depresses stock prices but also inflates volatility in daily returns. Regarding the impulse of the shock, we identify the cumulative level of the pandemic variables as well as their incremental differences. As shown by our empirical results, the terms for these differences will eventually dominate the marginal effect, which confirms the fading impulse of the shock. Finally, this study highlights some important policy implications of stock market volatility and returns to work in the industry.
Validation of the predictive accuracy of “clinical + morphology nomogram” for the rebleeding risk of ruptured intracranial aneurysms after admission
Authors: Sui Jianfei , Wang Nuochuan , Jiang Pengjun , Wu Jun , Wang Qingzhen , Yuan Qiaolin , He Hongwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Rebleeding can cause a catastrophic outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A clinical + morphology nomogram was promoted in our previous study to assist in discriminating the rupture intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) with a high risk of rebleeding. The aim of this study was to validate the predictive accuracy of this nomogram model.

Method
The patients with RIAs in two medical centers from December 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, whose clinical and morphological parameters were collected. The Cox regression model was employed to identify the risk factors related to rebleeding after their admission. The predicting accuracy of clinical + morphological nomogram, ELAPSS score and PHASES score was compared based on the area under the curves (AUCs).

Results
One hundred thirty-eight patients with RIAs were finally included in this study, 20 of whom suffering from rebleeding after admission. Hypertension (hazard ratio (HR), 2.54; a confidence interval of 95% (CI), 1.01–6.40; P = 0.047), bifurcation (HR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.29–11.66; P = 0.016), and AR (HR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.63–4.41; P < 0.001) were demonstrated through Cox regression analysis as the independent risk factors for rebleeding after admission. The clinical + morphological nomogram had the highest predicting accuracy (AUC, 0.939, P < 0.01), followed by the bifurcation (AUC, 0.735, P = 0.001), AR (AUC, 0.666, P = 0.018), and ELAPSS score (AUC, 0.682, P = 0.009). Hypertension (AUC, 0.693, P = 0.080) or PHASES score (AUC, 0.577, P = 0.244) could not be used to predict the risk of rebleeding after admission. The calibration curve for the probability of rebleeding showed a good agreement between the prediction through clinical + morphological nomogram and actual observation.

Conclusion
Hypertension, bifurcation site, and AR were independent risk factors related to the rebleeding of RIAs after admission. The clinical + morphological nomogram could help doctors to identify the high-risk RIAs with a high predictive accuracy.
Therapeutic effects of dracocephalum heterophyllum in collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Wang Yalan , Lai Dongming , Geng Yunyun , Shang Peng , Wang Pu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease characterized by synovial inflammation, joint swelling, and cartilage and bone destruction. Dracocephalum heterophyllum (DH) is a compound in traditional Chinese herbal medicine well known for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antioxidant activities. In the present work, the therapeutic effects of DH were investigated in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis severity was assessed by clinical score, X-ray, and histopathological features. Expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected by qPCR and ELISA whereas anti-type II collagen antibodies were determined by ELISA. DH treatment significantly alleviated clinical scores, synovial inflammation, joint swelling, and cartilage and bone destruction. DH also reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and decreased the serum levels of anti-type II collagen specific IgG antibodies in collagen-induced arthritis. The therapeutic effects of DH in collagen-induced arthritis provide evidence that DH might be a potential therapeutic drug for rheumatoid arthritis.
“Connecting concepts helps put main ideas together”: cognitive load and usability in learning biology with an AI-enriched textbook
Authors: Koć-Januchta Marta M. , Schönborn Konrad J. , Roehrig Casey , Chaudhri Vinay K. , Tibell Lena A. E. , Heller H. Craig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid developments in educational technology in higher education are intended to make learning more engaging and effective. At the same time, cognitive load theory stresses limitations of human cognitive architecture and urges educational developers to design learning tools that optimise learners’ mental capacities. In a 2-month study we investigated university students’ learning with an AI-enriched digital biology textbook that integrates a 5000-concept knowledge base and algorithms offering the possibility to ask questions and receive answers. The study aimed to shed more light on differences between three sub-types (intrinsic, germane and extraneous) of cognitive load and their relationship with learning gain, self-regulated learning and usability perception while students interacted with the AI-enriched book during an introductory biology course. We found that students displayed a beneficial learning pattern with germane cognitive load significantly higher than both intrinsic and extraneous loads showing that they were engaged in meaningful learning throughout the study. A significant correlation between germane load and accessing linked suggested questions available in the AI-book indicates that the book may support deep learning. Additionally, results showed that perceived non-optimal design, which deflects cognitive resources away from meaningful processing accompanied lower learning gains. Nevertheless, students reported substantially more favourable than unfavourable opinions of the AI-book. The findings provide new approaches for investigating cognitive load types in relation to learning with emerging digital tools in higher education. The findings also highlight the importance of optimally aligning educational technologies and human cognitive architecture.
Exploring effort–reward imbalance and professional quality of life among health workers in Cape Town, South Africa: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Jensen N. , Lund C. , Abrahams Z. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In the context of a growing appreciation for the wellbeing of the health workforce as the foundation of high-quality, sustainable health systems, this paper presents findings from two complementary studies to explore occupational stress and professional quality of life among health workers that were conducted in preparation for a task-shifting intervention to improve antenatal mental health services in Cape Town.

Methods
This mixed-methods, cross-sectional study was conducted in public sector Midwife Obstetric Units and associated Non-Profit Organisations in Cape Town. Semi-structured interviews and a quantitative survey were conducted among facility-and community-based professional and lay health workers. The survey included demographic as well as effort–reward imbalance (ERI) and professional quality of life (PROQOL) questionnaires to examine overall levels of work-related psychosocial stress and professional quality of life, as well as differences between lay and professional health workers. Qualitative data was analysed using a thematic content analysis approach. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA 12.

Results
Findings from 37 qualitative interviews highlighted the difficult working conditions and often limited reward and support structures experienced by health workers. Corroborating these findings, our quantitative survey of 165 professional and lay health workers revealed that most health workers experienced a mismatch between efforts spent and rewards gained at work (61.1% of professional and 70.2% of lay health workers; p = 0.302). There were few statistically significant differences in ERI and PROQOL scores between professional and lay health workers. Although Compassion Satisfaction was high for all health worker groups, lay health workers also showed elevated levels of burnout and compassion fatigue, with community-based health workers particularly affected.

Conclusions
Findings of this study add to the existing evidence base on adverse working conditions faced by South African public-sector health workers that should be taken into consideration as national and local governments seek to ‘re-engineer’ South Africa’s Primary Health Care system. Furthermore, they also highlight the importance of taking into consideration the wellbeing of health workers themselves to develop interventions that can sustainably foster resilient and high-quality health systems.
Inadvertent accident during balloon-occluded glue injection for facial AVM: rescue procedure using intentional glue injection
Authors: Hong Jihoon , Cha Jung Guen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Glue embolization during balloon inflation is a novel technique with many advantages. However, the procedure’s major complication is the adhesion of the balloon catheter by glue. Several studies have reported strategies to prevent this. However, no reports have described a rescue method after accidental adhesion occurs.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old male was referred to the department of interventional radiology for sclerotherapy of an aggravating large facial arteriovenous malformation (AVM). We planned a transvenous approach to decrease the velocity of AVM and increase the efficacy of the sclerotherapy treatment. We performed glue embolization of a major draining vein during microballoon inflation. Upon injection of the glue, inadvertent glue reflux occurred, and the microballoon was stuck to the vessel wall. While removing the microballoon catheter, its shaft broke in the guiding catheter. We filled the inner lumen of the guiding catheter with glue and waited for polymerization to fixate the broken microballoon catheter inside the guiding catheter. Fortunately, the stuck microballoon was separated, and two broken pieces of microballoon catheter were removed through femoral vein short sheath.

Conclusion
Intentional glue casting in the outer catheter is very useful when removing anything that is inside the catheter or stuck due to the glue reflux. It can be applied to various similar emergency situations.
Updates in hybrid AF ablation: a hybrid approach to surgical epicardial ablation and cather endocardial ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: On Young Keun , Jeong Dong-Seop 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common and increasing cardiac arrhythmia. AF increases thromboembolic events and hospitalizations and deteriorates quality of life. The mechanism of AF is not completely understood. James Cox proposed a concept of Maze procedure in 1987 which was based on a surgical ablation lesion for electrical conduction pathway. Although surgical ablation offers a higher success rate, it should be performed with minimally invasive techniques because of its high invasiveness. Haissaguerre et al. identified potential sources of AF in the pulmonary veins as triggers and developed the percutaneous catheter ablation as the treatment strategy for paroxysmal AF refractory to pharmaceutical therapy. The atrial remodeling occurs electrically and structurally in persistent or longstanding persistent AF, and the catheter ablation and surgical ablation have variable success rates. Persistent or longstanding persistent AF presents a major challenge. Despite continuous improvements, catheter-based procedures have shown relatively far from satisfactory outcomes and may need to be repeated to achieve sinus rhythm. A hybrid approach consisting of the sequential combination of a surgical minimally invasive epicardial ablation and a transvenous catheter endocardial ablation would be an alternative option that supplements the limitations of endo- and epicardial strategies. Close cooperation between cardiac surgeons and electrophysiologists for optimal selection of patients and management for arrhythmia recurrence seems suggestible for persistent or longstanding persistent AF.
Skin lesion classification system using a K-nearest neighbor algorithm
Authors: Hatem Mustafa Qays 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the most critical steps in medical health is the proper diagnosis of the disease. Dermatology is one of the most volatile and challenging fields in terms of diagnosis. Dermatologists often require further testing, review of the patient’s history, and other data to ensure a proper diagnosis. Therefore, finding a method that can guarantee a proper trusted diagnosis quickly is essential. Several approaches have been developed over the years to facilitate the diagnosis based on machine learning. However, the developed systems lack certain properties, such as high accuracy. This study proposes a system developed in MATLAB that can identify skin lesions and classify them as normal or benign. The classification process is effectuated by implementing the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) approach to differentiate between normal skin and malignant skin lesions that imply pathology. KNN is used because it is time efficient and promises highly accurate results. The accuracy of the system reached 98% in classifying skin lesions.
Perspectives of febrile convulsions among parents: a local cross-sectional study
Authors: Alhashim Latifah Abdulrahim , Zakaria Ossama Mohammed , Alrubayii Muneera Adel , Alkhofi Asma Salah , Alateeq Sarah Khalid , Almaghlouth Maitha Khalid , Almulla Reema Mohammed , Al Abdulqader Ahmed Abdulrahman , Almulhium Latifah Abdullah , Alnaim Abdulrahman Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, febrile convulsions (FC) constitute a respected prevalence scale among pediatric population. This usually induces a high parental anxiety.

Aim
To investigate the local community diversity of perception as regards FC.

Method
A cross-sectional anonymous Arabic questionnaire-based study took place targeting the Saudi community. The study included parents with at least a child who underwent FC. Excluded, were those who have children with convulsions due to other causes rather than FC.

Results
Eight hundred participants have fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Majority of them (84%) were mothers. While 10.9% had only one child diagnosed with FC. Participants believed that FC may induce brain damage (41.4%). Others expressed FC attacks to be life-threatening events (52.9%). They were convinced that FC is not related to epilepsy (40.2%). However, a respected percentage of participants denoted the importance of using oral protective devices during the attacks (41.4%). Overall, most study population (84%) had poor perception of the different aspects of FC.

Conclusion
Social perception of FC problems may be significantly related to the educational level and profession of the parents. The majority of the study subjects have poor perception as regards FC. Therefore, holistic socially oriented educational programs are needed to orient the population about the problem. They may be implemented via various approaches.