bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Samuel Beckett’s Conflicted Feelings
Authors: Battersby Doug 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChapter 2 recasts the late modernist character of Samuel Beckett’s fiction. Whilst it has become commonplace after postmodernism’s decline to describe Beckett as a ‘late modernist’, critics have justified the label by citing Beckett’s contrast between James Joyce’s stylistic mastery and his own aesthetic preference for ignorance, impotence, and doubt—a juxtaposition that suggests an anti rather than late modernism. By contrast, this chapter argues that Beckett’s continuity with modernism’s formal ambitions is most apparent in a late masterpiece, Ill Seen Ill Said (1982). It shows how the text’s syntactically distressed yet evocative prose style and fundamentally undecidable narrative together place readers’ elementary means for making sense of fiction under acute pressure, and in doing so, implicates us in the narrator’s often eroticizing scrutiny of a female character’s body. Only a reading that acknowledges the extent to which Beckett’s sentences elude understanding, and maps the feelings and meta-affects that that non-understanding entails, can do justice to this profoundly enigmatic work. The chapter ultimately presents Beckett as far less hostile to the mimetic ambitions of high modernist fiction than has been supposed, even as he radically dissents from its perceived epistemic excesses—its allowing readers to know characters’ inner lives better than we can know our own. It concludes that Beckett’s seminal influence in contemporary literature is not as the high priest of failure and exhaustion, but as a writer who movingly dramatizes the need to make sense of affective experience that impels late modernist aesthetics.
J. M. Coetzee’s Hidden Heart
Authors: Battersby Doug 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChapter 5 argues that J. M. Coetzee’s fiction is characterized by emotional deliberations that advance the modernist aspiration to develop new forms for articulating affective experience. The reading of Coetzee’s early masterpiece, Waiting for the Barbarians (1980), shows how its innovative use of first-person present-tense narration places readers closer to the immediate feelings and desires of its protagonist than prior narrative modes—a closeness made acutely troubling by our protagonist’s erotic fascination with a young woman’s torture-scarred body. Synthesizing the focalizing affordances of free indirect discourse and the unmediated proximity of stream-of-consciousness narration whilst paring back their epistemic pretensions, Coetzee’s prose exhibits an acutely ambivalent relation to the modernist forms it so artfully exploits. Against the critical consensus that the novel charts the narrator’s gradual recognition that his desire makes him complicit in the woman’s torture, the chapter demonstrates how Coetzee’s affective descriptions provocatively refuse ethically conclusive rearticulations of this kind. The most far-reaching implication of this insight is to challenge political interpretations that ally Coetzee’s fiction with an ethics of alterity. By contrast, the chapter argues that Coetzee’s novel, even as it insists on the potential unknowableness of certain feelings and desires, rebuffs the sanctification of ineffability to an intersubjective ethical ideal. In doing so, it recalibrates our understanding not merely of politically challenging uses of modernist narratorial techniques, but of the ethically fraught dynamics inherent to the techniques themselves, exemplifying a mode of writing which takes modernist forms into the most contested terrain.
The Traditional Vertical Family Plot
Authors: Berman Anna A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 lays out the prevailing theories of the novel that draw a congruence between family line and story line, showing how these theories rely on the English family model presented in Chapter 1. The chapter then examines the two standard family plots identified by scholars—the generational and marriage plots—looking at which consanguineal relations they can accommodate. Both plots follow a linear model: from courtship to marriage, or from the generation of parents to children. Sisters, by marrying out of the family, offer no threat to this progression. Brothers, however, pose a “problem,” as they challenge the linearity of the family. Only one can have a marriage plot and offer his bride the family estate or business. The English most often solve this by excluding brother-brother relations from their novels (there are almost no significant brothers in England’s canonical novels).
Family Ideology
Authors: Berman Anna A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 explores the underlying ideas about gender roles and the domestic sphere that were crucial to shaping family plots. While English women ceased to exist as their own legal entities upon marriage, married women in Russia could own their own property and many were involved in estate management. However, they still had no rights within the family and no protections against marital violence. By the mid-nineteenth century, many educated Russians saw the Russian family as a backward institution in desperate need of reform. The Victorians, by contrast clung to an idealized vision of the family as a space of peace and love, a retreat from the harsh outside world. This vision relied on looking back to an idealized past for the family (whether or not such a past existed), while for the Russians the traditional past was filled with wife-beatings and patriarchal tyranny. They instead looked forward to a progressive rethinking of the family.
Courtship and Its Promises
Authors: Berman Anna A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In theory (and in England), courtship plots should lead to a marriage, yet in Russia they rarely do. The reason for this difference lies in the way the two nations positioned the family ideal in time. For the English, looking back to an idealized family past, the marriage plot serves a conservative function, reaffirming that stable order as a primary source of continuity. Its aims are vertical: the continuation of the family line through producing a legal heir. Since for many Russians the family’s past was a time of patriarchal tyranny and wife beatings, believing in “good family values” meant advocating progress and change. As a result, they turned courtship into a progressive plot, and progress meant not creating marriages that would continue the existing order. The goal was to liberate the woman, focusing on her spiritual well-being in the present. In practice, this meant that she often ended up unwed, but still morally superior.
Conclusion
Authors: Berman Anna A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The conclusion returns to the issue of narrative form, focusing specifically on endings. The differing shapes of the family in Russia and England created different goals that motivated their family plots. These, in turn, dictated what would provide narrative closure. English endings—typified by marriage and childbirth—provided stability and continuity, “an ending that is also a beginning” in the words of Barry McCrea. Russian endings—full of unwed heroines and intentional kinship ties—often lack such English closure. The present is never finalized. These differences lay bare the limitations of our theories of “the novel” that are based on the linear English model and fail to account for the messier Russian alternative.
Social Europe, the Road not Taken
Authors: Andry Aurélie Dianara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This book examines the European Left’s attempt to think and give shape to an alternative type of European integration—a ‘social Europe’—during the long 1970s. Based on fresh archival research, it shows that the western European Left—in particular, social democratic parties, trade unions, and to a lesser extent ‘Eurocommunist’ parties—formulated a broad project to turn ‘capitalist Europe’ into a ‘workers’ Europe’. This alternative model of European unity favoured coordinated measures for wealth redistribution, market regulation, a democratization of the economy and of European institutions, upward harmonization of social and fiscal systems, more inclusive welfare regimes, guaranteed employment, economic and social planning with greater consideration for the environment, increased public spending to meet collective needs, greater control of capital flows and multinational corporations, a reduction in working time, and a fairer international economic order favouring the global South. During the pivotal years following 1968, deeply marked by labour militancy, new social movements, economic crisis, and the unmaking of the ‘postwar compromise’, a window of opportunity opened in which European integration could have taken different roads. The defeat of ‘social Europe’ was a result of a decade-long social conflict which ended with the affirmation of a neoliberal Europe. Investigating this forgotten power struggle and the reasons of its defeat can be useful not just to scholars and students eager to understand the historical evolution of European integration, the European Left, and European capitalism, but also to anyone interested in building alternative European and global futures.
There Were Alternatives
Authors: Andry Aurélie Dianara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the European Left’s attempt to formulate a coordinated response to the crisis between the two oil shocks (1973–9). It argues that the crisis, which accelerated the breakdown of the postwar compromise, pushed the European Left to formulate new proposals for an alternative macro-economic European strategy that went beyond Keynesian welfare capitalism and constituted a possible alternative to the rising neoliberal doctrine. At a time when the European Left dominated the European Community, this was no point of detail. The chapter first looks at the leftward turn that characterized European social democracy from the late 1960s, which climaxed a few years later with the adoption of alternative economic strategies by several parties; it then investigates how socialist economists tried to promote a coordinated alternative European strategy at the transnational level; and goes on to assess socialist parties’ and trade unions’ efforts to adopt common European programmes that went beyond ‘Euro-Keynesianism’.
Pragmatism and Idealism
Authors: Brandom Robert B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During the last decade of his life, Rorty emphasized the anti-authoritarian credentials of his pragmatism. He came to see pragmatism as the fighting faith of a second phase of the Enlightenment. The first stage, as Rorty construed it, concerns our emancipation from nonhuman authority in practical matters: issues of what we ought to do and how things ought to be. The envisaged second stage addresses rather our emancipation from nonhuman authority in theoretical matters. Pragmatism moves beyond the traditional model of reality as authoritative over our cognitive representations of it in language and thought to a new conception of how discursive practices help us cope with the vicissitudes of life. Hegel anticipates the challenge to the very idea of objective reality as providing norms for thought that Rorty thought required us to enact a second phase of the Enlightenment. Unlike Rorty, Hegel presents a detailed, constructive, anti-authoritarian, nonfetishistic, social pragmatist account of the representational dimension of conceptual content. At its heart is an account of the social dimension of discursive normativity in terms of reciprocal recognition, and an account of the historical dimension of discursive normativity in terms of a distinctive new conception of reason: the recollective rationality that turns a past into a tradition. His idealism thereby offers a concrete pragmatist alternative to Rorty’s global semantic and epistemological anti-representationalism.
The Academic Life and After
Authors: Field Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In 1958, over two decades after she had left Cambridge, Wiskemann was appointed as Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Edinburgh University, the first female Chair in any discipline at the university. She taught for three years at Edinburgh followed by three years at the University of Sussex, where she was among the first faculty appointed. The slow emergence of International Relations and Contemporary History as distinctive fields of study in British universities opened opportunities in the 1960s for journalists, former diplomats, and others who had previous operated on the fringes of academia, including well-known women like Wiskemann. By the late 1950s Wiskemann wrote fewer topical articles as a foreign correspondent, but she was hugely prolific as a book reviewer for major journals, including the Times Literary Supplement, then at the height of its influence. She contributed to scholarly debates, including the furor over A.J.P. Taylor’s book The Origins of the Second World War (1961). Deterioration of her sight led to her retirement from teaching, but she maintained an exhausting schedule, finishing three books of contemporary history, a memoir, and numerous articles and reviews in her last six years. One book, Europe of the Dictators, 1919–1945, became a standard text for a generation of students, selling over 80,000 copies. The chapter’s final section discusses her growing fear of total blindness and suicide; it also assesses her career as paradigmatic of a cohort of women who matured after the First World War and achieved prominence for their expertise in history and international affairs.
Evolution of a Doctrine
Authors: Loumagne Ulishney Megan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the history of the doctrine of original sin in its ecclesial expressions and in its entanglements with philosophical and theological conceptions of sexual difference. It notes the surprising lack of development in the Church’s formal expression of the doctrine since the Council of Trent in the sixteenth century, despite numerous contributions on the part of theologians to updating the doctrine in light of evolutionary biology. The perception that women are ‘by nature’ more emotional, more sensuous, and more connected to the biological realm, while men are more rational and connected to the spiritual realm, continues to exert influence in both explicit Church teaching and popular perception in our time. The doctrine has, therefore, since its earliest conceptions, involved thinking through the details of lived materiality in sexed bodies. This overview in the first chapter of the history of ecclesial expressions of the doctrine and its entanglements with notions of sexual difference is followed by analyses of three recent contributions to reworking the doctrine to demonstrate the need for more theological reflection on sin in light of current information about human origins and the evolution of sexual difference.
The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and the New Science of Sexual Difference
Authors: Loumagne Ulishney Megan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines developments in evolutionary theory. It argues that Darwin is still helpful for understanding evolution and sexual difference, although some of the details of his theories have been superseded by new information. While in many ways Darwin contributed to reifying simplistic stereotypes about the passivity and inferiority of women, and the deleterious effects of these aspects of his thought must not be minimized, his work also contains emphases that contradict and undermine the patriarchal structures he partially reinforced. From Darwin, the chapter turns to recent developments in evolutionary theory expressed in the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis. These developments trouble a strict nature-culture dichotomy, which is helpful for a reconstruction of the doctrine of original sin insofar as the doctrine assumes a unity of the human species and a sense in which sin is an ‘inherited’ aspect of human life. This more dynamic or symbiotic relationship between nature and culture also has relevance for sexual difference as it undermines both the ‘essentialist’ approach to sexual difference, as well as a postmodern tendency to view sexual difference as purely a social construction. This chapter also explores some of the latest contributions to thinking about the biology of sexual difference. These developments reveal the ways in which biology and culture work together to shape human desire, which has implications for both sin and sexual difference. This relational view of creaturely life supports Augustine’s insight that the human person is inherently social from birth, and that the human race is fundamentally united.
John Paul II, New Catholic Feminists, and the Vatican Response to ‘Gender Ideology’
Authors: Loumagne Ulishney Megan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines John Paul II’s Man and Woman He Created Them: A Theology of the Body (1979–1984) as a key theological text that investigates the nature of sexual difference in light of original sin. After providing an overview of the central insights from the text and its appropriation by a group of Catholic thinkers who describe themselves as ‘New Catholic Feminists,’ the chapter highlights insights from the Theology of the Body that will be critiqued, appreciated, or radicalized. It argues that while there are serious problems with John Paul II’s thinking about sexual difference and sin, there remain insights from his project that can helpfully contribute to rethinking sex and sin in a post-Darwinian context. The chapter also argues that John Paul II’s work provides important critiques to New Feminist Materialism, even as New Feminist Materialism challenges aspects of his thought. John Paul II and the New Feminist Materialists can be mutually corrective to one another. Chapter 5 concludes by arguing that John Paul II is helpful in his conception of the human person as called to love and communion, as infected—but not totally corrupted—by sin, and as dignified along with the rest of the material world by the event of the Incarnation.
Guarantees and Interventions
Authors: Milton Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Peace of Westphalia legally empowered its guarantors to intervene—militarily if need be—in the domestic affairs of the Holy Roman Empire. Westphalia therefore increased the legal scope for intervention in another state’s domestic affairs and moreover contributed to the ‘juridification’ of intervention in central Europe in general. This chapter will begin with the congress of Westphalia (1645–48), at which, among other things, the rights of intervention were negotiated by the main belligerents of the Thirty Years War. As the guarantee formed the basis of external intervention into the post-1648 Empire, the theoretical analysis of the Westphalian guarantee and guarantees in general, by contemporary writers of the law of nations will then be discussed. This is followed by a survey of actual and discussed interventions into the Reich by the Westphalian guarantors, and other European powers.
Mann's Magic Mountain
Authors: Watroba Karolina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This is the first study of Thomas Mann’s landmark German modernist novel Der Zauberberg (The Magic Mountain, 1924) that takes as its starting point the interest in Mann’s book shown by non-academic readers. It is also a case study in a cluster of issues central to the interrelated fields of transnational German studies, global modernism studies, comparative literature, and reception theory: it addresses the global circulation of German modernism, popular afterlives of a canonical work, access to cultural participation, relationship between so-called ‘high-brow’ and ‘low-brow’ culture, and the limitations of traditional academic reading practices. The book intervenes in these discussions by developing a critical practice termed ‘closer reading’ and positioning it within the framework of world literature studies. The book centres around nine comparative readings of five novels, three films, and one short story conceived as responses to The Magic Mountain. They provide access to distinct readings of Mann’s text on three levels: they function as records of their authors’ reading of Mann, provide insights into broader, culturally and historically specific interpretations of the novel, and feature portrayals of fictional readers of The Magic Mountain. These nine case studies are contextualized, complemented, enhanced, and expanded through references to other diverse sources that testify to a lively engagement with The Magic Mountain outside of academic scholarship, including journalistic reviews, discussions on internet fora and blogs, personal essays and memoirs, Mann’s fan mail and his replies to it, publishing advertisements, and marketing brochures from Davos, where the novel is set.
Introduction
Authors: Watroba Karolina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter opens with a survey of recent discussions of the disconnect between academic and non-academic reading practices, drawing mainly on the work of Elif Batuman, Rita Felski, David Lodge, and Ika Willis. Two key terms—‘world literature’ and ‘closer reading’—are presented as a way of bridging this disconnect. While highly specialized academic readers of The Magic Mountain are a relatively small group within Mann’s readership, non-academic reading practices are a vast and understudied phenomenon which can reveal new meanings of the text and enrich academic scholarship, sometimes even correcting critical biases. Various sources for studying non-academic reading experiences are discussed, including reviews and famous readers’ accounts, ordinary readers’ accounts, accounts of readers who refuse to read a given book, material book history, translation studies, conceptions of ‘implied’ or ‘ideal’ readers, fictional depictions of reading, cognitive literary studies, reception in literature and art, and history of academic reception.
Michels and French Socialists and Syndicalists
Authors: Bonnell Andrew G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Michels’ contacts with socialist and syndicalist currents in France are less well-known than his involvement with the German Social Democrat Party, but they have received some attention in Zeev Sternhell’s work on the supposed left-wing origins of fascist ideology in France and Italy. From 1904 to 1908, Michels was associated with the journal Le Mouvement Socialiste, and corresponded with the radical syndicalists Hubert Lagardelle and Victor Griffuelhes, as well as Georges Sorel. Michels also had contacts with Gustave Hervé, and sympathized with Hervé’s radical anti-militarism in this period. An examination of Michels’ contacts reveals his sympathy for the revolutionary spirit of the French revolutionary syndicalists, but it also shows that he did not fully identify with syndicalist theory. The examination of the group around Le Mouvement Socialiste also shows that it occupied an increasingly marginal position in the French labour history, lacking a mass working-class base.