bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependence of maximum mass of strange star on finite strange quark mass (m
s ≠ 0)
Authors: Goswami K B , Saha A , Chattopadhyay P K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article we analyze a class of compact object in spheroidal geometry described by Vaidya–Tikekar model and MIT bag model equation of state considering the finite mass of strange quark (m
s). The maximum mass and radius is found by maximizing the square of radial sound velocity

(

v

r

2

)

at the centre. For monotonically decreasing nature of the sound velocity we note that an upper limit of the spheroidal parameter (λ) exists. Therefore for the calculation of maximum mass arbitrary choice of λ is not possible. The effect of strange quark mass on the maximum mass is found to satisfy previously obtained result (Li et al 2021 Eur. Phys. J. C 81 921). To apply the present model we consider the compact stars 4U 1608-52 and 4U 1820-30. The stability of strange quark matter inside these compact objects is explored by taking different values of the bag constant B. It is found that 4U 1608-52 may be categorized as strange star with wider stability window for three-flavor quark matter whereas 4U 1820-30 only shows metastability. The model is found to be stable against small radial perturbation. One possible drawback of the present model is the prediction of maximum mass from mass-radius plot. For this reason we have predicted the maximum mass from alternative approach.
Transient characteristics of β-Ga2O3 nanomembrane Schottky barrier diodes on various substrates
Authors: Lai Junyu , Seo Jung-Hun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, transient delayed rise and fall times for beta gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) nanomembrane (NM) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) formed on four different substrates (diamond, Si, sapphire, and polyimide) were measured using a sub-micron second resolution time-resolved electrical measurement system under different temperature conditions. The devices exhibited noticeably less-delayed turn on/turn off transient time when β-Ga2O3 NM SBDs were built on a high thermal conductive (high-k) substrate. Furthermore, a relationship between the β-Ga2O3 NM thicknesses under different temperature conditions and their transient characteristics were systematically investigated and verified it using a multiphysics simulator. Overall, our results revealed the impact of various substrates with different thermal properties and different β-Ga2O3 NM thicknesses on the performance of β-Ga2O3 NM-based devices. Thus, the high-k substrate integration strategy will help design future β-Ga2O3-based devices by maximizing heat dissipation from the β-Ga2O3 layer.
Photoconductive and photovoltaic metal-semiconductor-metal κ-Ga2O3 solar-blind detectors with high rejection ratios
Authors: Cui Mei , Xu Yang , Sun Xinyu , Wang Zhengpeng , Gong Hehe , Chen Xuanhu , Hu Tiancheng , Zhang Yijun , Ren Fang-fang , Gu Shulin , Ye Jiandong , Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure is a popular architecture for developing Ga2O3 solar blind photodetectors. The nature of metal-semiconductor contact is decisive for the operation mode, gain mechanism and device performances. In this contribution, κ-Ga2O3 MSM solar-blind photodetectors with Ti/Ga2O3 Ohmic and Ni/Ga2O3 Schottky contacts were constructed on the high-quality Si-doped κ-Ga2O3 epilayer grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The Ti/κ-Ga2O3/Ti Ohmic MSM device is operated in a photoconductive mode, exhibiting a maximum responsivity of 322.5 A W−1 and a high rejection ratio of over 105, but with an undesirable sub-gap response and high dark current. In comparison, the Ni/Ga2O3/Ni photodiode with a back-to-back Schottky configuration is operated in a mixed photovoltaic and photoconductive mode, demonstrating a decent photoresponsivity of 0.37 A W−1, a maintained high rejection ratio of 1.16 × 105, a detectivity of 3.51 × 1013 Jones and the elimination of slow photoresponse from sub-gap states. The frequency-dependent photoresponse and transient photocurrent characteristics indicate that the persistent photoconductivity effect is responsible for the high gain achieved in the Ti/Ga2O3/Ti photoconductor, and the dominant slow transient decay component is a fingerprint of photoexcited carrier trapping and repopulation. The response speed is improved in the Ni/Ga2O3/Ni Schottky MSM device, whereas carrier transport across interdigitated fingers is affected by bulk traps, limiting the overall response-bandwidth merit.
False vacuum decay: an introductory review
Authors: Devoto Federica , Devoto Simone , Di Luzio Luca , Ridolfi Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We review the description of tunnelling phenomena in the semi-classical approximation in ordinary quantum mechanics and in quantum field theory. In particular, we describe in detail the calculation, up to the first quantum corrections, of the decay probability per unit time of a metastable ground state. We apply the relevant formalism to the case of the standard model of electroweak interactions, whose ground state is metastable for sufficiently large values of the top quark mass. Finally, we discuss the impact of gravitational interactions on the calculation of the tunnelling rate.
A CNN-LSTM-based domain adaptation model for remaining useful life prediction
Authors: Liu Huixiang , Chen Wenbai , Chen Weizhao , Gu Yu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Remaining useful life (RUL) estimation is fundamental to prediction and health management technology. Traditional machine learning generally assumes that the training and testing sets are independent and identically distributed. As distribution differences exist in real scenarios, this assumption hinders the effectiveness of the traditional machine learning methods. Aiming at these problems, we propose a CNN-LSTM-based domain adaptation framework for RUL prediction in this work. A shared encoding network and domain adaptation mechanism is introduced to decrease the data distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains. A cross-linking architecture is also developed for feature fusion, which considers the features at different levels to guarantee that the generated fusion features contain sufficient information for prognosis. Extensive experiments are then conducted to verify the superiority of the proposed framework. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has excellent performance, especially for equipment with more complex working conditions and data.
Free energy calculation of crystalline solids using normalizing flows
Authors: Ahmad Rasool , Cai Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Taking advantage of the advances in generative deep learning, particularly normalizing flow, a framework, called Boltzmann generator, has recently been proposed to generate equilibrium atomic configurations from the canonical ensemble and determining the associated free energy. In this work, we revisit Boltzmann generator to motivate the construction of the loss function from the statistical mechanical point of view and to cast the training of the normalizing flow model in a purely unsupervised manner that does not require any sample of the atomic configurations from the equilibrium ensemble. We further show that the normalizing flow framework furnishes a reference thermodynamic system, very close to the real thermodynamic system under consideration, that is suitable for the well-established free energy perturbation methods to determine accurate free energy of solids. We then apply the normalizing flow to two problems: temperature-dependent Gibbs free energy of perfect crystal and formation free energy of monovacancy defect in a model system of diamond cubic Si. The results obtained from the normalizing flow are shown to be in good agreement with that obtained from independent well-established free energy methods.
Investigation of ion collision effect on electrostatic sheath formation in weakly ionized and weakly collisional plasma
Authors: Lee Haneul , Kim Nam-Kyun , Lee Myeong-Geon , Kwon Ji-Won , Son Sung Hyun , Bae Namjae , Park Taejun , Park Seolhye , Kim Gon-Ho 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The effects of ion collisions on plasma–sheath formation are investigated experimentally for a low-density and low-pressure discharge. The space potential and ion velocity distribution measurements at high spatial resolution show that the ion collision properties observed in the presheath are maintained in the plasma–sheath transition region. The potential drop in the transition region indicates the existence of ionization as an effect of ion collisions in the transition region owing to the non-negligible density of the electrons penetrating the sheath. Based on comparisons between the space potential measurements and Riemann’s presheath–sheath transition solution, the ion collision length λ
i was determined as a key parameter in the presheath and transition region. And it represents that the thermal properties of ions and neutral gases affects space potential by the charge exchange and ionization collisions. The existence of the ion collision effect in the transition region suggests possible influence on the incident conditions of ions and electrons near the sheath edge. Consequently, the energy distributions of ions and electrons incident on the material surface facing the sheath are sensitive to the collisionality and operating conditions.
Blazar-boosted dark matter at Super-Kamiokande
Authors: Granelli Alessandro , Ullio Piero , Wang Jin-Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Dark matter particles near the center of a blazar, after being accelerated by the elastic collisions with relativistic electrons and protons in the blazar jet, can be energetic enough to trigger detectable signals at terrestrial detectors.
In this work, focusing on the blazars TXS 0506+056 and BL Lacertae, we derive novel limits on the cross section of the elastic scattering between dark matter and electrons by means of the available Super-Kamiokande data.
Thanks to the large blazar-boosted dark matter flux, the limit on the dark matter-electron scattering cross section for dark matter masses below 100 MeV can be as low as ∼ 10-38 cm2, that is orders of magnitude stronger than the analogous results from galactic cosmic rays.
Towards high-accuracy classifying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders using CNN-LSTM model
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wang Xin , Jing Xiaobei , Yokoi Hiroshi , Huang Weimin , Zhu Mingxing , Chen Shixiong , Li Guanglin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. The neurocognitive attention functions involve the cooperation of multiple brain regions, and the defects in the cooperation will lead to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders for children. The current ADHD diagnosis is mainly based on a subjective evaluation that is easily biased by the experience of the clinicians and lacks the support of objective indicators. The purpose of this study is to propose a method that can effectively identify children with ADHD. Approach. In this study, we proposed a CNN-LSTM model to solve the three-class problems of classifying ADHD, attention deficit disorder (ADD) and healthy children, based on a public electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset that includes event-related potential (ERP) EEG signals of 144 children. The convolution visualization and saliency map methods were used to observe the features automatically extracted by the proposed model, which could intuitively explain how the model distinguished different groups. Main results. The results showed that our CNN-LSTM model could achieve an accuracy as high as 98.23% in a five-fold cross-validation method, which was significantly better than the current state-of-the-art CNN models. The features extracted by the proposed model were mainly located in the frontal and central areas, with significant differences in the time period mappings among the three different groups. The P300 and contingent negative variation (CNV) in the frontal lobe had the largest decrease in the healthy control (HC) group, and the ADD group had the smallest decrease. In the central area, only the HC group had a significant negative oscillation of CNV waves. Significance. The results of this study suggest that the CNN-LSTM model can effectively identify children with ADHD and its subtypes. The visualized features automatically extracted by this model could better explain the differences in the ERP response among different groups, which is more convincing than previous studies, and it could be used as more reliable neural biomarkers to help with more accurate diagnosis in the clinics.
Investigations on a fuzzy process: effect of diffusion on calibration and particle identification in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers
Authors: Lister A. , Stancari M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ionization electron diffusion in Liquid Argon Time
Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) has typically been considered at the
detector design stage, but little attention has been given to its
effects on calibration and particle identification. We use a
GEANT4-based simulation to study how diffusion impacts these
techniques, and give consideration to how this effect is
simulated. We find that diffusion can cause a drift-dependent bias
to both the median and Most Probable Value (MPV) of
dQ/dx distributions. The bias is estimated to be
∼ 2.5% (median) and ∼ 5.0% (MPV) for typical maximum drift
times in currently running LArTPCs before adding detector specific
considerations such as electric field non-uniformities. This
indicates that these metrics should not be used for calibration
without care, contrary to the conventional wisdom. The impact of
diffusion on the ability of LArTPCs to separate muons and protons is
small, and not expected to pose any problems in future
detectors. Diffusion may however be a significant source of
systematic uncertainty when separating particles of more similar
masses (muons and pions, kaons and protons). Separation of such
populations may be improved by implementation of a drift-time
dependent particle identification.
Energy reconstruction of hadronic showers at the CERN PS and SPS using the Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter
Authors: Boumediene D. , Pingault A. , Tytgat M. , W. Baek Y. , Kim D-W. , Lee S.C. , Min B.G. , Park S.W. , Deguchi Y. , Kawagoe K. , Miura Y. , Mori R. , Sekiya I. , Suehara T. , Yoshioka T. , Caponetto L. , Combaret C. , Garillot G. , Grenier G. , Ianigro J-C. , Kurca T.Q. , Laktineh I. , Liu B. , Li B. , Lumb N. , Mathez H. , Mirabito L. , Steen A. , Calvo Alamillo E. , Carrillo C. , Fouz M.C. , Garcia Cabrera H. , Marin J. , Navarrete J. , Puerta Pelayo J. , Verdugo A. , Corriveau F. , Emberger L. , Graf C. , de Silva L.M.S , Simon F. , Winter C. , Bonis J. , Breton D. , Cornebise P. , Gallas A. , Jeglot J. , Irles A. , Maalmi J. , Pöschl R. , Thiebault A. , Richard F. , Zerwas D. , Cvach J. , Janata M. , Kovalcuk M. , Kvasnicka J. , Polak I. , Smolik J. , Vrba V. , Zalesak J. , Zuklin J. , Duan Y.Y. , Li S. , Guo J. , Hu J.F. , Lagarde F. , Shen Q.P. , Wang X. , Wu W.H. , Yang H.J. , Zhu Y.F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) is the
first technological prototype in a family of high-granularity
calorimeters developed by the CALICE Collaboration to equip the
experiments of future lepton colliders. The SDHCAL is a sampling
calorimeter using stainless steel for absorber and Glass Resistive
Plate Chambers (GRPC) as a sensitive medium. The GRPC are read out
by 1 cm× 1 cm pickup pads combined to a
multi-electronics. The prototype was exposed to hadron beams in
both the CERN PS and the SPS beamlines in 2015 allowing the test of
the SDHCAL in a large energy range from 3 GeV to 80 GeV. After
introducing the method used to select the hadrons of our data and
reject the muon and electron contamination, we present the energy
reconstruction approach that we apply to the data collected from
both beamlines and we discuss the response linearity and the energy
resolution of the SDHCAL. The results obtained in the two beamlines
confirm the excellent SDHCAL performance observed with the data
collected with the same prototype in the SPS beamline in 2012. They
also show the stability of the SDHCAL in different beam conditions
and different time periods.
Semi-quantum digital signature protocol based on Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering
Authors: Xia Chenyang , Li Huifang , Hu Jie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a new semi-quantum signature protocol which is suitable for participant without quantum capabilities to communicate securely. In addition, the application of EPR steering is first extended to the field of quantum digital signature in our protocol. On the one hand, in order to avoid attacks by attackers, our protocol allows one participant to determine the identity of the other, if the steering conditions for EPR steering are satisfied. On the other hand, original message can be transmitted between participants via EPR steering. Moreover, our scheme is simple to implement and more efficient. The security analysis shows that our protocol can avoid the attack of deny, forgery and entangle-measure.
A study of sustainable peat cultivation implemented by the community of Tumbang Nusa Village, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Hardiansyah G , Junaidi  , Yusro F , Mariani Y , Roslinda E , Kusrini N , Diba F , Oktoriana S , Erianto  , Iskandar  , Burhanuddin  , Pranoto D Y B , Ekawati S , Silviani  , Surati  , Ramawati  , Prasetyo B D , Handoyo  , Charity D , Wanjaya A H , Nurdwiansyah D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peatlands have enormous potential to produce food sources for supporting population growth. Farmers generally prefer plants that can adapt to changing conditions. However, challenges remain, such as limited knowledge of local community about peatlands’ function and management. Local community practices endogenous knowledge to manage peatlands, but it is rarely documented as best practice for peatlands management in Indonesia. This study aims to understand endogenous management implemented by local community for sustainable peat cultivation. The management is currently considered as the best solution to solve problems related to peatlands management. The study was carried out in Tumbang Nusa Village, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, using a semi-participatory approach with a stratified purposive sampling for selecting participants of in-depth interviews and field observations. An investigation of endogenous management related to biophysical aspects that determines sustainability was done by identifying main characteristics of peatlands in the dry season. The data were analyzed qualitatively by using Use Value. The results show that the community applied agroforestry systems interspersed with introduced plants. There were seven patterns implemented by the community, including pineapple-forest crops-seasonal fruit-food based, rubber-forest crops-seasonal fruit/food-based, a combination of forest plants, a combination of forest plants-annual introduced plants, a combination of forest plants-annual/food crops, and a combination of annual crops. The seven patterns based on the local wisdom are suitable for peatlands. It is in accordance with modern peat management which considered as the form of a pure Paludiculture and an intensive semi Paludiculture.
Biomass and carbon accumulations of acacia trees planted on tropical peatlands
Authors: Setiawan Budi Indra , Soewarso  , Wahyudi Agus , Setiawan Iwan , Setiawan Baron 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Acacia (Acacia crassicarpa) is a fiber source for pulp industries, adaptive on tropical peatlands and has been planted intensively since the early seventies. Considering the fragility of peat and its low nutrient content along with the complication to manage water conducive environment to the tree growth, the sustainability of this plantation is under rudimentary inquiry. Peat loss may occur due to subsidence, emission, and surface runoff whilst biomass accumulation will result in carbon enhancement. This study aims 1) to evaluate growths of Acacia trees planted on tropical peatlands with different peat thicknesses; 2) to obtain allometric model to represent the growth of the tree parts; and 3) to estimate biomass and carbon accumulations and their rate in a few rotations. Destructive samples were taken from three different sites with different peat thicknesses and separated into the root, knud (buttress root), stem, branch, and leaf. An allometric model was introduced to represent each growth of the tree parts and to estimate the accumulation of biomass and carbon. The result shows Acacia grew better in thick peatlands, larger than 1 meter. The model can relate the tree parts specifically to estimate the tree biomass. In one hectare of one rotation within 5 years, total biomass ranges 36.3–443.7 tonnes, and total carbon absorbed ranges 17.4–213.0 tonnes. Thus, successive rotations would potentially result in additional thickness of organic matter at the rate of 0.07– 2.08 cm/y, and carbon enrichment at the rate of 1.74–19.98 tonnes/y. This biomass and carbon enrichments would lessen the losses and greenhouse gas emission from the peatlands.
Peatland characterization and laccase activity on smallholder oil palm plantation in Padang Pariaman and West Pasaman, West Sumatra
Authors: Harianti Mimien , Prasetyo Teguh Budi , Emalinda Oktanis , Junaidi  , Pulunggono Heru Bagus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this research was studying peat characteristics and laccase activity as a bioindicator for decomposition processes. Studied peatlands were managed by private land farmers or smallholders with minimum tillage. Peat characteristics in topsoil Ketaping Padang Pariaman and Pasaman had pH value of more than 4, ash content was higher than 10-60%, a low water content (150<WC≤500% w/w), total Fe and Cu content >5%. Peat water level fluctuated, but not exceeding 80 cm in both locations. Peatlands in Ketaping Padang Pariaman possessed high laccase activity, ranging from 1.8-562 πmol/g, while in Pasaman was about 200 πmol/g. Laccase activity was decreased with distance from channel due to an increase of water content. Peatlands in both locations had a high enzyme activity, mainly in topsoil. It indicated that peatlands have undergone decomposition processes.
Preliminary study on C-organic and C-microbial biomass of peatland in Toba highlands
Authors: Munawaroh H , Rauf A , Razali  , Bintang  , Sabrina T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Toba highlands is unique and covers a large area. Peat plays an important role as a carbon sink, and is currently utilized for agricultural purposes, use as firewood, and left to degrade. The use of peatlands will impact the maturity of peat, and the emission of carbon dioxides and other gases caused by the decomposition process of microbes. A brief transformation of organic carbon from peat into carbon dioxide negatively impacts the environment, especially in increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. C-organic and C-microbial biomass was observed in peatlands of the Toba Highlands in Humbang Hasundutan, employing the Walkey and Black method, and fumigation and extraction methods to calculate the microbial population involved in the decomposition process or called C-microbial biomass. Moreover, descriptive method were used to map their distribution in the peat areas. The results showed that the highest C-organic was found in barren land at 22.05% and soil C-microbial biomass population was 3.24 µg g−1 soil, whereas the least C-Organic was found in peatland transferred to coffee fields, at 5.23% while the least C-microbial biomass was in peatland transferred to onion fields at 0.28 µg g−1 soil. There was a relatively small amount of organic matter and C-microbial biomass in paddy field, shallots, and grasses. Therefore, the results indicated that converting peatland into agricultural land would likely change the value of organic matter and C-biomass population.