bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated opto‐mechanical cantilever sensor with a rib waveguide
Authors: Zhang Hongru , Fan Guofang , Li Shi , Cai Xiaoyu , Wei Jiasi , Jing Gaoshan , Li Yuan , Zhang Zhiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn integrated opto‐mechanical cantilever sensor with a rib waveguide is reported in this paper. The device consists of a rib waveguide cantilever with buried waveguides on silicon. The rib cantilever is introduced to match better with the buried waveguide, further for increasing the interface coupling efficiency. With this configuration, single‐mode operating can be achieved in transverse direction without decreasing the width of optical waveguide cantilever. The system sensitivity is 1.1 μm–1 which is increased by about 21%, compared with the conventional structure.
The diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy
Authors: Hamblin Ross , Coulden Amy , Fountas Athanasios , Karavitaki Niki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is rarely encountered during pregnancy. Clinical and biochemical changes in healthy pregnancy overlap with those seen in pregnancy complicated by CS; the diagnosis is therefore challenging and can be delayed. During normal gestation, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, corticotrophin‐releasing hormone, cortisol, and urinary free cortisol levels rise. Dexamethasone administration fails to fully suppress cortisol in pregnant women without CS. Localisation may be hindered by non‐suppressed adrenocorticotrophic hormone levels in a large proportion of those with adrenal CS; smaller corticotroph adenomas may go undetected as a result of a lack of contrast administration or the presence of pituitary hyperplasia; and inferior petrosal sinus sampling is not recommended given the risk of radiation and thrombosis. Yet, diagnosis is essential; active disease is associated with multiple insults to both maternal and foetal health, and those cured may normalise the risk of maternal–foetal complications. The published literature consists mostly of case reports or small case series affected by publication bias, heterogeneous definitions of maternal or foetal outcomes or lack of detail on severity of hypercortisolism. Consequently, conclusive recommendations, or a standardised management approach for all, cannot be made. Management is highly individualised: the decision for surgery, medical control of hypercortisolism or adoption of a conservative approach is dependent on the timing of diagnosis (respective to stage of gestation), the ability to localise the tumour, severity of CS, pre‐existing maternal comorbidity, and, ultimately, patient choice. Close communication is a necessity with the patient placed at the centre of all decisions, with risks, benefits, and uncertainties around any investigation and management carefully discussed. Care should be delivered by an experienced, multidisciplinary team, with the resources and expertise available to manage such a rare and challenging condition during pregnancy.
The mechanism underlying the pubertal increase in pulsatile GnRH release in primates
Authors: Terasawa Ei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn primates, the gonatotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurosecretory system, consisting of GnRH, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B neurons, is active during the neonatal/early infantile period. During the late infantile period, however, activity of the GnRH neurosecretory system becomes minimal as a result of gonadal steroid independent central inhibition, and this suppressed GnRH neurosecretory state continues throughout the prepubertal period. At the initiation of puberty, the GnRH neurosecretory system becomes active again because of the decrease in central inhibition. During the progress of puberty, kisspeptin and neurokinin B signaling to GnRH neurons further increases, resulting in the release of gonadotropins and subsequent gonadal maturation, and hence puberty. This review further discusses potential substrates of central inhibition and subsequent pubertal modification of the GnRH neurosecretory system by the pubertal increase in steroid hormones, which ensures the regulation of adult reproductive function.
Management of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation in skin of color: A short review
Authors: Anvery Noor , Christensen Rachel E. , Dirr McKenzie A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPost‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common cosmetic complaint affecting patient quality of life. PIH has been proven to disproportionately affect skin of color. While several treatment options exist, special consideration must be given when managing PIH in patients of color, as topical treatments and aesthetic procedures, such as chemical peels and lasers, may either exacerbate or prove ineffective against PIH.
Associated factors of discrepancy between older adults and their family caregivers in reporting elder abuse
Authors: Fang Boye , Li Danyu , Yan Elsie , Zhou Yi , Yu Zhuopeng , Hu Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study focuses on elder abuse against older adults with mild‐to‐moderate cognitive and physical impairment who were receiving family care in Chinese context. Specifically, the study examined the associated factors of discrepancy between family caregiver and care recipient reports of elder abuse committed by the caregivers.BackgroundMany studies identified the discrepancies between caregivers and care recipients reports of elder abuse, but they did not examine factors contributing to such discrepancies. Various cultural factors may contribute to the accuracy of elder abuse reports.MethodsA consecutive sample of 1,002 older adults with mild‐to‐moderate cognitive and physical impairment and their family caregivers was surveyed.DesignQuantitative study with cross‐sectional design.ResultsModerate‐to‐substantial agreement in caregiver and care recipient reports was found for all forms of abuse (Cohen’s kappa = 0.39 to 0.76). Care recipient reports consistently generated higher rates than caregiver reports for psychological abuse (51.1% vs. 42.8%), physical abuse (1.2% vs. 1.0%), caregiver neglect (65.0% vs. 50.2%) and financial exploitation (40.8% vs. 34.2%). Similar factors were found for dyadic discrepancy in the reporting of various forms of elder abuse, which included desire to gain face, fear of losing face and sense of familism in the caregivers, as well as older age, cognitive impairment and female gender of the care recipient. This study was presented in adherence to the Strobe Checklist.ConclusionsThe results suggest that family caregivers might not be reliable as the sole informants to report their care recipients’ victimization experiences. Information from multiple parties should be gathered and synthesized to obtain more accurate reporting of the frequency and severity of elder abuse. Meanwhile, cultural factors should be taken into account when seeking information related to elder abuse.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for multiple parties to provide and report information about the elder abuse. It is also need to consider cultural factors when detecting and intervening elder abuse.
Assessment of the effect of kinetin against formic acid toxicity in chicken embryo model
Authors: Amini Mehran , Zadeh‐Hashem Elham , Allymehr Manoochehr 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current study was designed to investigate the in ovo injection of formic acid (FA) on hatchability rate (HR; Experiment 1) and the potential ameliorative role of kinetin concurrent with FA on biochemical parameters of hatched broilers (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, live embryonated eggs (n = 280; Day 4 of incubation) were in ovo injected with 0.03, 0.06, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 m
m FA. In Experiment 2, intra‐yolk‐sac administration of toxic doses of FA (2 m
m) concurrent with kinetin at 50, 100 or 200 µ
m were evaluated on hatched embryos. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total nitrate–nitrite (TNN), total lipid hydroperoxide (TLHP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in serum, liver, heart and brain tissues. The results revealed that injection of 2 mM FA significantly increased mortality compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Concurrent administration of 50 or 100 µ
m kinetin + 2 m
m FA increased HR to 10% and 20% compared to the FA‐alone‐treated group, respectively. Intra‐yolk‐sac‐received FA group showed greater amounts of MDA, TLHP and TNN and lesser amounts of TAC and SOD activity in serum and tissue samples of liver, heart and brain compared to control groups (p < 0.001). In comparison to the FA‐alone‐treated group, all doses of kinetin were able to increase the TAC levels in serum and tissue samples when administered concurrently with FA. The doses of 50 and 100 µ
m kinetin were efficacious to ameliorate the toxic role of FA injection on SOD activities (p < 0.001). Co‐injection of 100 µ
m kinetin plus FA significantly reduced the amounts of MDA, TNN and TLHP in measured samples compared to the FA‐alone‐injected group (p < 0.001). Our results indicated that kinetin (especially at 100 µ
m doses) would ameliorate the toxic effects of FA on developing live chicken embryos.
Trends in rural‐urban disparities among surgical specialties treating cancer, 2004‐2017
Authors: Herb Joshua , Holmes Mark , Stitzenberg Karyn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated temporal trends in rural‐urban disparities of the surgeon supply among surgeons commonly treating patients with cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of county‐level workforce changes from 2004 to 2017 using the Area Health Resource File. We calculated physician density (providers/100,000 population) for each specialty by rural and urban counties using the 2003 Rural‐Urban Commuting Codes (RUCC), and evaluated percent changes in the rural‐urban disparity in physician density. Secondary analyses evaluated these changes by Census region. Additionally, Gini indices were calculated by year and RUCC to evaluate the workforce inequality within rural areas.FindingsTotal surgical specialist density declined in rural areas from 16 to 14 per 100,000 population, and declined slightly from 33 to 31 per 100,000 population in urban areas, for a rural‐urban disparity increase of 8% (95% CI 5%,10%). Among specific specialties, the percentage increase in the rural‐urban workforce supply disparity was largest for colorectal surgeons and general surgeons at 66% (95% CI 51%,80%) and 72% (95% CI 58%,86%), respectively, although absolute changes were small. Regional heterogeneity of the workforce was higher for rural areas than urban areas.ConclusionsChanges in the rural‐urban physician workforce disparities over time are dependent upon specialty, region, and local community factors. This highlights how surgical workforce policy should be oriented to the local area circumstances.
Metaphilosophical considerations on the question of life’s meaning
Authors: Waghorn Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

In a recent book, T. J. Mawson has carefully argued, in opposition to the majority of philosophers, that the question “What is the meaning of life?” has more than one interpretation, and so more than one answer. He is anxious, however, that this question not be attributed too many interpretations, on pain of vacuity. This article aims to show that Mawson's attempts to restrict the number of interpretations of the question “What is the meaning of life?” are unsuccessful as they stand, and that there are independent reasons for believing that a limit cannot be placed on the number of such interpretations. Only by paying attention to the more general metaphilosophical issues surrounding our choice of philosophical methodology is there any possibility of restricting those interpretations, and making sense of the question.
Reframing Turkey, Istanbul and national identity: Ottoman history, ‘chosen people’ and the opening of shrines in 1950
Authors: Beyinli Gökçen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores the reopening of certain shrines in Istanbul in 1950 as a result of the amendment to Law 677, which in 1925 had closed all shrines in the country and banned visits to them. Drawing on previously untapped archival evidence and combining an analysis at both the macro‐level (nation‐state in a global world) and micro‐level (Istanbul as local and shrines as sites), I discuss changes in cultural policies, historiography and Turkish foreign policy and make use of the contributions of ethno‐symbolic and social constructionist approaches of nationalism theories. I contend that during the transition to the multi‐party system, ‘chosen’ shrines were used as tools to reattach Ottoman roots to Turkish national identity as ‘Turks’ and ‘Muslims’ and reposition Turkey as a strong nation‐state in the new global order. Furthermore, I demonstrate how the former multi‐ethnic and multi‐religious capital, Istanbul, became a part of the national territory as a legitimate Turkish and Muslim city.
OsbHLH061 links TOPLESS/TOPLESS‐RELATED repressor proteins with POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON HOMEOSTASIS 1 to maintain iron homeostasis in rice
Authors: Wang Wujian , Ye Jun , Xu Heng , Liu Xi , Fu Yue , Zhang Hui , Rouached Hatem , Whelan James , Shen Zhenguo , Zheng Luqing 
Published: March 2022

Summary

As excess iron (Fe) is toxic, uptake of this essential micronutrient must be tightly controlled. Previous studies have shown that Oryza sativa (rice) POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON HOMEOSTASIS1 (OsPRI1) acts upstream of the iron‐related transcription factor 2 (OsIRO2) and OsIRO3 to positively regulate root‐to‐shoot Fe translocation. However, as expression of OsPRI1 is constitutive it is unclear how the Fe‐deficiency response is turned off to prevent toxicity when Fe is sufficient.

The bHLH transcription factor OsbHLH061 interacts with OsPRI1, and this study used molecular, genetics, biochemical and physiological approaches to functionally characterise OsbHLH061 and how it affects Fe homeostasis.

OsbHLH061 knockout or overexpression lines increase or decrease Fe accumulation in shoots respectively. Mechanistically, OsbHLH061 expression is upregulated by high Fe, and physically interacts with OsPRI1, the OsbHLH061–OsPRI1 complex recruits TOPLESS/TOPLESS‐RELATED (OsTPL/TPR) co‐repressors to repress OsIRO2 and OsIRO3 expression. The OsbHLH061 ethylene‐responsive element‐binding factor‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif is required for this transcriptional repression activity.

These results define a functional OsTPL/TPR–OsbHLH061–OsPRI1–OsIRO2/3 module that negatively controls long‐distance transport of Fe in plants for adaptation to changing Fe environments and maintain Fe homeostasis in rice.
Biomimetic approach to articular cartilage tissue engineering using carbon nanotube–coated and textured polydimethylsiloxane scaffolds
Authors: Elídóttir Katrín Lind , Scott Louie , Lewis Rebecca , Jurewicz Izabela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a significant need to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of articular cartilage to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for diseases such as osteoarthritis. Here, we show that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are excellent candidates as a material for synthetic scaffolds to support the growth of chondrocytes—the cells that produce and maintain cartilage. Chondrocyte morphology, proliferation, and alignment were investigated as nanoscale CNT networks were applied to macroscopically textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffolds. The application of CNTs to the surface of PDMS‐based scaffolds resulted in an up to 10‐fold increase in cell adherence and 240% increase in proliferation, which is attributable to increased nanoscale roughness and hydrophilicity. The introduction of macroscale features to PDMS induced alignment of chondrocytes, successfully mimicking the cell behavior observed in the superficial layer of cartilage. Raman spectroscopy was used as a noninvasive, label‐free method to monitor extracellular matrix production and chondrocyte phenotype. Chondrocytes on these scaffolds successfully produced collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and aggrecan. This study demonstrates that introducing physical features at different length scales allows for a high level of control over tissue scaffold design and, thus, cell behavior. Ultimately, these textured scaffolds can serve as platforms to improve the understanding of osteoarthritis and for early‐stage therapeutic testing.
A cell wall‐anchored glycoprotein confers resistance to cation stress in Actinomyces oris biofilms
Authors: Al Mamun Abu Amar M. , Wu Chenggang , Chang Chungyu , Sanchez Belkys C. , Das Asis , Ton‐That Hung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActinomyces oris plays an important role in oral biofilm development. Like many gram‐positive bacteria, A. oris produces a sizable number of surface proteins that are anchored to bacterial peptidoglycan by a conserved transpeptidase named the housekeeping sortase SrtA; however, the biological role of many A. oris surface proteins in biofilm formation is largely unknown. Here, we report that the glycoprotein GspA—a genetic suppressor of srtA deletion lethality—not only promotes biofilm formation but also maintains cell membrane integrity under cation stress. In comparison to wild‐type cells, under elevated concentrations of mono‐ and divalent cations the formation of mono‐ and multi‐species biofilms by mutant cells devoid of gspA was significantly diminished, although planktonic growth of both cell types in the presence of cations was indistinguishable. Because gspA overexpression is lethal to cells lacking gspA and srtA, we performed a genetic screen to identify GspA determinants involving cell viability. DNA sequencing and biochemical characterizations of viable clones revealed that mutations of two critical cysteine residues and a serine residue severely affected GspA glycosylation and biofilm formation. Furthermore, mutant cells lacking gspA were markedly sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, a detergent that solubilizes the cytoplasmic membranes, suggesting the cell envelope of the gspA mutant was altered. Consistent with this observation, the gspA mutant exhibited increased membrane permeability, independent of GspA glycosylation, compared to the wild‐type strain. Altogether, the results support the notion that the cell wall‐anchored glycoprotein GspA provides a defense mechanism against cation stress in biofilm development promoted by A. oris.
Family involvement in psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dippel Nele , Szota Katharina , Cuijpers Pim , Christiansen Hanna , Brakemeier Eva‐Lotta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeDepressive disorders in children and adolescents have an enormous impact on their general quality of life. There is a clear need to effectively treat depression in this age group. Effects of psychotherapy can be enhanced by involving caregivers. In our systematic review and meta‐analysis, we examine for the first time the effects of caregiver involvement in depression‐specific interventions for children and adolescents.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials examining the effects of interventions for children and adolescents with depression involving their caregivers or families compared to interventions without including caregivers. Primary outcome was the severity of childhood and adolescent depression.ResultsOverall, 19 randomized controlled trials could be included (N = 1553) that were highly heterogeneous regarding outcome measures or the extent of caregiver integration. We were able to include k = 17 studies in our meta‐analysis and find a small but significant effect for family‐involved interventions against active control conditions without family‐involvement at post intervention (α = 0.05, d = 0.34; [0.07; 0.60]; p = .01).ConclusionsWe detected an overall significant but small effect of family/caregivers’ involvement compared to control groups without it. Structured, guideline‐based research is urgently needed to identify for which children/adolescents with depression, under what circumstances, and in what form the family should be effectively involved in their psychotherapy.
Silicon confers aluminium tolerance in rice via cell wall modification in the root transition zone
Authors: Jiang Dexing , Wu Huihui , Cai Hui , Chen Guoxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe root‐apex transition zone (TZ), the major perception site for aluminium (Al) toxicity, is crucial for the Al‐induced root‐growth inhibition, while the mechanism underlying silicon‐mediated alleviation of Al toxicity in the TZ is largely unknown. In this study, the role of silicon (Si) in alleviating Al‐induced damage in the TZ and root‐growth inhibition of rice was investigated. We found that Si had direct alleviative effect on Al toxicity as revealed by less root growth‐inhibition, Al accumulation, and callose formation. Si reversed Al‐induced decreases of the cell wall elongation and extensibility, and reduced Al‐induced increments of cell wall polysaccharides in the TZ. The similar distribution patterns of Al and Si in the cell wall indicated that Si might detoxify Al by forming hydroxyaluminumsilicates in the apoplast of the root‐apex TZ. Moreover, the wall‐bound form of Si reduced Al binding sites, thereby reducing the capability of Al bound to the cell wall. These results suggest that Si‐mediated cell wall modification in the TZ alleviates Al‐induced root‐growth inhibition in rice involving the promotion of cell wall extensibility and the decrease of Al accumulation in the cell wall.
Genome‐wide characterization of nuclear factor Y transcription factors in Fagopyrum tataricum
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yung Wai‐Shing , Sun Wei , Li Man‐Wah , Huang Mingkun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nuclear factor Y (NF‐Y) is an important transcription factor family that regulates plant developmental processes and abiotic stress responses. Currently, genome‐wide studies of the NF‐Y family are limited in Fagopyrum tataricum, an important economic crop. Based on the released genome assembly, we predicted a total of 38 NF‐Y encoding genes (FtNF‐Ys), including 12 FtNF‐YAs, 18 FtNF‐YBs, and eight FtNF‐YCs subunits, in F. tataricum. Phylogenetic tree and sequence alignments showed that FtNF‐Ys were conserved between F. tataricum and other species. Tissue expressions and network analyses suggested that FtNF‐Ys might be involved in regulating developmental processes in different tissues. Several FtNF‐YAs and FtNF‐Ybs were also potentially involved in light response. In addition, FtNF‐YC‐like1 and FtNF‐YC‐like2 partially rescued the late flowering phenotype in nf‐yc1 nf‐yc3 nf‐yc4 nf‐yc9 (ycQ) mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana, supporting a conserved role of FtNF‐Ys in regulating developmental processes. Together, the genomic information provides a comprehensive understanding of the NF‐Y transcription factors in F. tataricum, which will be useful for further investigation of their functions in F. tataricum.
Characteristics of statistical literacy skills from the perspective of critical thinking
Authors: Koga Shunya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStatistical literacy is generally defined as the ability to interpret and evaluate statistical information critically. It is regarded as a higher‐order literacy competence that includes critical thinking. While previous studies have illustrated the concept of statistical literacy, statistical literacy skills have not been sufficiently explored from the perspective of critical thinking research. To fill this gap, this study presents a framework for critical thinking skills in statistical literacy. The characteristics of general critical thinking skills were organized. Based on these characteristics, the researcher extracted sentences related to such skills from selected textbooks. As a result, eight aspects of critical thinking skills in statistical literacy were identified.