bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of two‐layer viscoplasticity model to predict a semicrystalline polymer response under compression and microindentation
Authors: dos Santos Bianca Bastos , da Costa Marysilvia Ferreira , Pasqualino Ilson Paranhos , da Costa Celio Albano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolymeric materials are widely used in structural components and systems, and the accurate prediction of their complex time‐dependent behavior is critical. Several constitutive models are available for different types of mechanical behaviors and loading conditions. However, selecting the model and the correct calibration of its parameters is often a challenge. This paper evaluates the applicability of the two‐layer viscoplasticity (TLV) model to predict the viscoplastic behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a large range of strain rates and complex states of strain. The setting of parameters and model validation was made by performing experimentally and numerically uniaxial compression tests and relaxation tests. The model parameters were also analyzed in performing microindentation tests. The TLV model using the same set of parameters selected well predicted the PVDF behavior in a wide variety of compressive loading conditions.
Bio‐basedbenzoxazine from renewableL‐tyrosine: Synthesis, polymerization, and properties
Authors: Ren Shitong , Tian Fangjing , Zhang Shaoheng , Zhou Weicong , Du Yonggang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping thermosets derived from renewable sources is of great importance. In this work, a fully bio‐based benzoxazine monomer, 3,6‐bis((3‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazin‐6‐yl)methyl)piperazine‐2,5‐dione (TCDPF), is conveniently synthesized from L‐tyrosine cyclic dipeptide (TCDP), furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structure of TCDPF is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) techniques. The curing behavior of TCDPF is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and in situ FT‐IR techniques. After temperature‐programmed curing, the thermomechanical property and thermal stability of the resulting TCDPF polymer (PTCDPF) are evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis techniques, respectively. It is found that PTCDPF have excellent comprehensive performance such as high glass transition temperature (Tg = 322 °C), high thermal degradation temperature (T5% = 342 °C,T10% = 395 °C in N2atmosphere), and high char yield (CY = 51.3% at 800 °C in N2atmosphere). The results demonstrate that L‐tyrosine is a promising bio‐based raw material for preparing high performance polybenzoxazines.
Benefit of pulmonary subspecialty care for children with sickle cell disease and asthma
Authors: Saxena Shikha , Afolabi‐Brown Olufunke , Ballester Lance , Schmucker Nathaniel , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Allen Julian , Bhandari Anita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveAsthma is a recognized comorbidity in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). It increases the risk of acute chest syndrome (ACS), vaso‐occlusive episodes, and early mortality. We aim to determine whether evaluation and management of children with SCD and asthma by a pulmonologist reduce rate of asthma exacerbation and ACS.MethodsThe study included 192 patients with SCD (0–21 years) followed at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Hematology between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, with a diagnosis of asthma, wheeze, or cough. Patients were placed in two groups: those evaluated by a pulmonologist (SCD‐A‐P) and those not (SCD‐A). Rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for asthma exacerbation and ACS were compared between groups and over time.ResultsSCD‐A‐P patients (n = 70) were predominantly SCD type SS with lower hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to SCD‐A patients (n = 122). SCD‐A‐P started with a higher average rate of hospital visits for asthma exacerbation and ACS per year (2.69 [1.02–4.37]) compared to SCD‐A (0.43 [0.24–0.63]), (p < 0.001). For SCD‐A‐P patients with at least one hospital visit (n = 48), the average rate decreased from 3.93 (1.57–6.29) to 0.85 (0.48–1.23) following pulmonary consultation (p = 0.014) and was comparable to the SCD‐A rate by study end.ConclusionSCD‐A‐P was mainly SCD type SS and had higher ED/hospitalization rates for asthma exacerbation and ACS compared to SCD‐A, but the rates significantly decreased following pulmonology consultation. These findings support the pulmonologist's role in the multidisciplinary care of SCD patients and highlight the need for evidence‐based asthma guidelines for children with SCD.
Solid and liquid green Ag nanoparticles based on banana peel extract as an eco‐friendly remedy for ringworm in pets
Authors: Emam Mahmoud , Soliman Mona M. H. , Eisa Wael H. , Hasanin Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Green chemistry‐based biowaste has been taken attention toward new components for many applications especially in dermatophytes of animals and humans. The main goal of this study is to assist the synthetic pathways; clean and large‐scale synthesis of silver nanoparticles is achieved as a promising alternative green technique with high efficiency, simplicity and less hazardous waste based on agro‐waste of banana peels extract powder. The preparation of silver nanoparticles is directly via solid‐state reaction and the liquid one based on the natural agro‐waste of banana peels under specific conditions for treating ringworm in pets. Ultraviolet (UV)‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to prove the prepared nanoparticles. A total of 30 samples from pets (dogs and cats) were subjected to mycological examination. Ten (33.3%) were culture positive, and 100% of the positive samples were Microsporum canis. In vitro antifungal activity against M. canis isolates using both the disc diffusion and the broth microdilution methods was evaluated. The significant results for solid silver nanoparticles (Ags1 and Ags2) than liquid Ag NPs (AgL) with p < 0.05 compared with itraconazole were observed. This biomaterial from waste could be used as a fast, simple, eco‐friendly, and efficient method to prepare Ag NPs on solid that can be applied in the veterinary sector against ringworm.
Response adaptive intervention allocation in stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trials
Authors: Grayling Michael J. , Wason James M. S. , Villar Sofía S. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundStepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial (SW‐CRT) designs are often used when there is a desire to provide an intervention to all enrolled clusters, because of a belief that it will be effective. However, given there should be equipoise at trial commencement, there has been discussion around whether a pre‐trial decision to provide the intervention to all clusters is appropriate. In pharmaceutical drug development, a solution to a similar desire to provide more patients with an effective treatment is to use a response adaptive (RA) design.MethodsWe introduce a way in which RA design could be incorporated in an SW‐CRT, permitting modification of the intervention allocation during the trial. The proposed framework explicitly permits a balance to be sought between power and patient benefit considerations. A simulation study evaluates the methodology.ResultsIn one scenario, for one particular RA design, the proportion of cluster‐periods spent in the intervention condition was observed to increase from 32.2% to 67.9% as the intervention effect was increased. A cost of this was a 6.2% power drop compared to a design that maximized power by fixing the proportion of time in the intervention condition at 45.0%, regardless of the intervention effect.ConclusionsAn RA approach may be most applicable to settings for which the intervention has substantial individual or societal benefit considerations, potentially in combination with notable safety concerns. In such a setting, the proposed methodology may routinely provide the desired adaptability of the roll‐out speed, with only a small cost to the study's power.
Synthesis of a Single‐Stranded DNA Aptamer Modified Near‐infrared, Water‐Soluble Fluorophore for Lung Cancer Cell Imaging
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Li Hui , Liu Sisi , Li Yue , Lin Xiangde , Zheng Haoyang , Zhou Zhaoli , Zeng Dongdong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, aza‐boron dipyrromethene (aza‐BODIPY) derivatives have attracted considerable attention as fluorescent imaging agents. In this work, two polyethylene glycol functionalized water soluble aza‐BODIPY derivatives (a mono cycloaddition product 1PEG‐BOD and a double cycloaddition product 2PEG‐BOD) were synthesized through a cycloaddition click reaction between aza‐BODIPY and N3‐PEG2000‐COOH. The absorption and fluorescence profiles of these two compounds were in near‐infrared region. The fluorescence quantum yield of 2PEG‐BOD was 20 times higher than 1PEG‐BOD in water. The attachment of an A549 lung cancer cell targeting aptamer with 2PEG‐BOD afforded APT‐PEG‐BOD. The average fluorescence intensity of APT‐PEG‐BOD (5 μmol/L) in A549 lung cancer cells calculated from confocal microscopy images was 25–33 times stronger than that in other cell lines, such as MDA‐MB‐231, HT1080 and LO2. These results indicated that APT‐PEG‐BOD shows high affinity to A549 lung cancer cells.
Room Temperature‐Sintering Conductive Ink Fabricated from Oleic‐Modified Graphene for the Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Le Tam The , Bui Huy Hoang Tran , Dinh An Khang Phung , Van Duc Vu , Ho Quang Dinh , Thi Hoai An Nguyen , Nguyen Du Hoa , La Duong Duc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGraphene, a novel 2D nanomaterial, has been intensively studied and utilized in many fields of applications. Graphene‐based conductive ink has attracted many scientific researchers due to its flexibility, durability, and, most importantly, high electrical conductivity. However, the low dispensability and high curing temperature have hindered the use of graphene ink in many practical applications. In this work, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were modified with oleic acid to improve dispensability. Then, the modified GNPs were employed as a major component in the conductive ink‘s formulation. The effects of the oleic acid, binder, and GNPs contents on the conductivity of the prepared ink were studied. The results showed that at the ink‘s formulation of 0.75 % binder and 6 % GNPs (modified with 2.5 % oleic acid), the lowest resistance with the value of 22 Ω.cm and sheet resistance of 7.56 Ω cm2 was obtained. Remarkably, the high conductivity of the modified conductive ink on the substrate could also be observed after curing at room temperature, which is advantageous for practical application. The viscosity of the resultant conductive ink could also be adjusted by changing the amount of solvent in the ink‘s formulation for application of the ink in the pen, painting, or inkjet printing.
Essential Loop Dynamics Modulates Catalytic Activity in α‐Chymotrypsin
Authors: Biswas Pritam , Pal Uttam , Adhikari Aniruddha , Mondal Susmita , Ghosh Ria , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Saha‐Dasgupta Tanusri , Choudhury Sudeshna Shyam , Das Ranjan , Pal Samir Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConformational dynamics of macromolecules including enzymes are essential for their function. The present work reports on the role of essential dynamics in alpha‐chymotrypsin (CHT) which correlates with its catalytic activity. Detailed optical spectroscopy and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study thermal stability, catalytic activity and dynamical flexibility of the enzyme. The study of the enzyme kinetics reveals optimum catalytic efficiency at 308 K. Polarization gated fluorescence anisotropy with 8‐anilino‐1‐napthelene sulfonate (ANS) have revealed increasing flexibility of the enzyme with an increase in temperature. Examination of the structure of CHT reveal the presence of five loop regions (LRs) around the catalytic S1 pocket. MD simulations have indicated that flexibility increases concurrently with temperature which decreases beyond an optimum temperature. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the eigenvectors manifests essential dynamics and gatekeeping role of the five LRs surrounding the catalytic pocket which controls the enzyme activity.
The Spread of Agriculture: Quantitative Laws in Prehistory?
Authors: Fort Joaquim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe review quantitative estimations of Neolithic spread rates in different regions of the world. The speed is about 1 km/year in most cases. This holds for the average rate of the spread of the Neolithic in Europe and the near East, rice in China and southeastern Asia, and the eastern Bantu expansion. A regularity in spread rates is thus clearly implied, which suggests a quantitative law in prehistory (first law or ‘1 km/year law’). However, there are exceptions. The Khoi-khoi herding expansion in Southern Africa and the southern Bantu expansion display rates of about 2 km/year, perhaps due to substantial cultural diffusion in addition to demic diffusion (second law). Along the Western Mediterranean, the spread rate was about 10 km/year, and a similarly fast spread rate has been also estimated in the Western Pacific (Austronesia). This suggests another quantitative law, valid for sea travel (third law). Another exception is Scandinavia, where the spread rate is only about 0.6 km/year, possibly due to lower reproduction rates. Ethnographic work has shown that human reproduction tends to decrease with increasing latitude. Thus, a similar trend could also exist in the spread rates of agriculture (fourth law).
Mapping Environments of the World
Authors: Shi Peijun , Wang Jing’ai , Wang Ying , Liu Tian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA regional disaster system is essentially the product of the interaction of humans and nature, which is composed of the disaster-formative environment, exposure, hazard, and disaster losses. It is a dynamic system with complex characteristics on the surface of the earth (Fig. 1) (Shi 1991).
Electroweak baryogenesis in aligned two Higgs doublet models
Authors: Enomoto Kazuki , Kanemura Shinya , Mura Yushi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We evaluate the baryon number abundance based on the charge transport scenario of top quarks in the CP-violating two Higgs doublet model, in which Yukawa interactions are aligned to avoid dangerous flavor changing neutral currents, and coupling constants of the lightest Higgs boson with the mass 125 GeV coincide with those in the standard model at tree level to satisfy the current LHC data. In this model, the severe constraint from the electric dipole moment of electrons, which are normally difficult to be satisfied, can be avoided by destructive interferences between CP-violating phases in Yukawa interactions and scalar couplings in the Higgs potential. Viable benchmark scenarios are proposed under the current available data and basic theoretical bounds. We find that the observed baryon number can be reproduced in this model, where masses of additional Higgs bosons are typically 300–400 GeV. Furthermore, it is found that the triple Higgs boson coupling is predicted to be 35–55 % larger than the standard model value.
Measurement of unsteady shock standoff distance around spheres flying at Mach numbers near one
Authors: Kikuchi T. , Ohtani K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper reports the experiments on the shock standoff distance (SSD) around spheres flying at Mach numbers from slightly below 1.0. Spheres of the same diameter but three different densities were launched in a ballistic range by a light-gas gun, and the flow field around each sphere was measured by optical visualization. The purpose of this study is to investigate how projectile deceleration influences the SSD by comparing the results for projectiles of the same shape, size, and Mach number but different densities. The location history of the sphere center is obtained by fitting a formula derived from the equation of motion of a decelerating object, and the history of the instantaneous projectile Mach number is obtained by differentiating this formula.The SSDs of the projectiles with different densities are the same at higher Mach numbers, but different at lower Mach numbers, and the SSD decreases with decreasing projectile density. Seemingly, because projectile deceleration is related to the flow unsteadiness, steady flow cannot be assumed in the present range of Mach number with the different SSDs. At Mach numbers close to one, that of the propagating detached shock wave is higher than that of the flying projectile.
On the automorphism group of foliations with geometric transverse structures
Authors: Meersseman Laurent , Nicolau Marcel , Ribón Javier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the structure of some groups of diffeomorphisms preserving a foliation. We give an example of a $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

foliation whose diffeomorphism group has not a natural structure of Lie group. On the positive side, we prove that the automorphism group of a transversely holomorphic foliation or a Riemannian foliation is a strong ILH Lie group in the sense of Omori. We also investigate the relationship of the previous considerations with deformation problems in foliation theory. We show that the existence of a local moduli space for a given foliation imposes strong conditions on its automorphism group. They are not fulfilled in many cases, in particular they are not fulfilled by the foliation mentioned above.
Cell wall characterization of new Monastrell hybrid descendants and their phenolic wine composition
Authors: Moreno-Olivares Juan Daniel , Paladines-Quezada Diego Fernando , Giménez-Bañón María José , Cebrían-Pérez Ana , Férnandez-Férnandez José Ignacio , Gómez-Martínez José Cayetano , Bleda-Sánchez Juan Antonio , Gil-Muñoz Rocío 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMonastrell grape variety is grown for the elaboration of quality red wines, but climate change has meant the study of new grape varieties from Monastrell, to adapt to the new edaphoclimatic scenario in hot climates. Three new varieties have recently been registered from Monastrell (M) from directed crosses with others such as Cabernet Sauvignon (C) and Syrah (S). These new varieties are MC80 known as Calnegre, MC98 Gebas, and MS10 Myrtia. In this work, cell wall characterization of these new varieties has been carried out. Results from three seasons showed high significant differences in the concentration of carbohydrates present in the Monastrell and MC80 cell walls. As for lignin concentration, MS10 was highlighted. However, the concentration of phenolic compounds and proteins was different as regards each variety and season studied. To find some correlation between the characterization of the walls and extractability of different compounds in the wine, the phenolic composition of these wines from these varieties was analysed following alcoholic fermentation. All crosses presented a higher concentration of total polyphenols (IPT) and total anthocyanins (AT) in addition to color intensity (IC), highlighting the high significant differences found in MS10.
A quantitative interspecies comparison of the respiratory mucociliary clearance mechanism
Authors: Burn Andreas , Schneiter Martin , Ryser Manuel , Gehr Peter , Rička Jaroslav , Frenz Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCollectively coordinated ciliary activity propels the airway mucus, which lines the luminal surface of the vertebrate respiratory system, in cranial direction. Our contemporary understanding on how the quantitative characteristics of the metachronal wave field determines the resulting mucociliary transport is still limited, partly due to the sparse availability of quantitative observational data. We employed high-speed video reflection microscopy to image and quantitatively characterize the metachronal wave field as well as the mucociliary transport in excised bovine, porcine, ovine, lapine, turkey and ostrich samples. Image processing techniques were used to determine the ciliary beating frequency (CBF), the velocity and wavelength of the metachronal wave and the mucociliary transport velocity. The transport direction was found to strongly correlate with the mean wave propagation direction in all six species. The CBF yielded similar values (10–15 Hz) for all six species. Birds were found to exhibit higher transport speeds (130–260 $$\upmu$$
μ
m/s) than mammals (20–80 $$\upmu$$
μ
m/s). While the average transport direction significantly deviates from the tracheal long axis in mammals, no significant deviation was found in birds. The metachronal waves were found to propagate at about 4–8 times the speed of mucociliary transport in mammals, whereas in birds they propagate at about the transport speed. The mucociliary transport in birds is fast and roughly follows the TLA, whereas the transport is slower and proceeds along a left-handed spiral in mammals. The longer wavelengths and the lower ratio between the metachronal wave speed and the mucociliary transport speed provide evidence that the mucociliary clearance mechanism operates differently in birds than in mammals.
Effects of ocean mesoscale eddies on atmosphere–sea ice–ocean interactions off Adélie Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Huot P.-V. , Kittel C. , Fichefet T. , Jourdain N. C. , Fettweis X. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeat and momentum exchanges at the Southern Ocean surface are crucial for the Earth’s Climate, but the importance of the small-scale spatial variability of these surface fluxes is poorly understood. Here, we explore how small-scale heterogeneities of the surface conditions due in particular to ocean eddies affect the atmosphere–sea ice–ocean interactions off Adélie Land, in East Antarctica. To this end, we use a high-resolution regional atmosphere–sea ice–ocean coupled model based on the NEMO-LIM and MAR models. We explore how the atmosphere responds to small-scale heterogeneity of the ocean or sea ice surface conditions, how eddies affect the sea ice and atmosphere, and how the eddy-driven surface fluxes impact the heat, freshwater, and momentum budget of the ocean. The atmosphere is found to be more sensitive to small-scale surface temperature gradients above the ice-covered than above the ice-free ocean. Sea ice concentration is found to be weaker above anticyclonic than cyclonic eddies due to increased sea ice melting or freezing (0.8 cm/day) partly compensated by sea ice convergence or divergence. The imprint of ice-free eddies on the atmosphere is weak, but in the presence of sea ice, air warming (+ 0.3 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C) and wind intensification (+ 0.1 m/s) are found above anticyclonic eddies, while cyclonic eddies have the opposite effects. Removing the interactions of eddies with the sea ice or atmosphere does not affect the total sea ice volume, but increases the ocean kinetic energy by 8% and weakens northward advection of sea ice, leading to a 15% decrease in freshwater flux north of 62.5 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

S and weaker ocean restratification.