bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testers’ compliance to the quality standards of HIV rapid testing services in Primary Health Care Facilities in Makete District, Tanzania
Authors: Raymond Ngowi Ruth , Frumence Gasto 
Published: August 2022

Background: HIV rapid testing services is one among key interventions in the controlling of HIV/AIDS. Despite availability of quality standards, the quality of HIV rapid testing services remains questionable since non-laboratory testers are allowed to conduct testing while they are not specialized in providing testing services.
Objective: To evaluate the compliance to the quality standards of HIV rapid testing services provided by non-laboratory testers in Makete District, Tanzania.
Methods: An explanatory descriptive study employing quantitative approach of data collection was used. An observation of 23 non-laboratory testers performing HIV rapid tests, observation of HIV testing points and documents review was done in 23 testing points to collect data. Data were analyzed using a programmed excel sheet and a three-point scale was used to determine the level of compliance to quality standards.
Results: Analysis shows that out of 23 testing points visited, the level of compliance to quality standards was lower for 22 (95.6%) testing points and moderate in 1 (4.4%) testing point. None of the testing point was highly complied to quality standards for HIV rapid testing services.
Conclusion: The quality of HIV rapid testing services provided by non-laboratory testers is below the established quality standards for HIV rapid testing services.
Keywords: HIV rapid testing; quality standards; non-laboratory testers; compliance to quality standards; primary health care facilities.
Umbilical granuloma frequency of newborns in Third-line Hospital in Turkey
Authors: Tülin Öztaş , Muhammet Asena 
Published: August 2022

Background/Objectives: The aim is to determine the umbilical granuloma frequency of newborns and etiological factors.
Methods: In this study, the records of 21344 newborns who were admitted to our hospital between February 2015 and August 2019, were examined.
Results: 21191 newborns are included in the study. 2.4% of newborns was Syrian refugee and others were citizens of Turkey. Umbilical granuloma frequency was % 3.83. While umbilical granuloma frequency was 3.85% in Turkish citizen newborns, %3.01 in Syrians. Mean umbilical cord seperation time was 7.1 days in cases with umbilical granuloma. There was no statistically significant relationship determined between umbilical granuloma development and race and time of umbilical cord seperation (p >0.05) The frequency of umbilical granuloma was 3.5% for boys and 4.1% for girls. Umbilical granuloma was being observedstatistically significantly higher in girls than in boys (p <0.05). 80.8% of the cases with umbilical granuloma were bathed before the umbilical cord seperation. A significant difference was determined between bathing before umbilical cord seperation and umbilical granuloma development (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Umbilical granuloma, with frequency of 3.83% in newborns. Umbilical granuloma is more common in girls and newborns bathed before the umbilical cord seperation.
Keywords: Umbilical granuloma; umbilical cord seperation; newborn bath; umbilical granuloma frequency.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental staff in Armed Force Hospital in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khaled Alzayani Mashael , F Salama Khalid , Zafar Mubashir 
Published: August 2022

Background: Work related musculoskeletal disorders’ (WMSDs) are the most important public health challenge among dental staff. The objective of study was to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors for work related musculoskeletal disorder among dental staff in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: It is a cross sectional study and 130 dental staff with at least 1 year of working experience were random selected from Armed Forced Hospital. The self-administered validated and structured Standardized Nordic questionnaire was used. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association of risk factors with WMSD.
Results: the results of the present study revealed that there was a high incidence of MSDs in neck, shoulder, and lower back pain among dental personnel (72.6%). The common risk factors which contributed to WMSD were more than 5 year of experience(AOR 1.19(1.03-2.82)), Saudi nationality (AOR 4.88 (1.27 – 18.72)), working more than 12 hours (AOR 3.115 (1.258 7.578)) and resident doctors (AOR 1.14 (1.02 – 1.94)).
Conclusion: The study conclude work related MSD were common with high rate of incidence among dental staff . There is need to make a policy which will reduce the burden of WMSD among dental staff.Keywords: Dentists; Dental practitioner; Low Back Pain; Musculoskeletal Disorders; Saudi Arabia.
Investigation of the origin of scatter components transmitted through anti-scatter grids in X-ray Digital Imaging system using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: O Omondi Samson , K Msaki Peter , R Ramadhan Kazema , S Amour Idrissa , J Lugendo Innocent 
Published: August 2022

Background: Projection diagnostic X-ray images are inherently affected by the masking effects of transmitted scatter. Spatially distributed transmitted scatter degrades image quality engendering need for effective scatter correction protocol.
Objectives: To investigate origin of scatter components transmitted through anti-scatter grids to the detector of digital radiographysystem using Monte Carlo simulation.
Methods: Over 107 photons were exposed through the reconstructed MC simulation phantom. Transmitted photons (primary and scatter) were scored as fluence, dose and deposited energy. Scatter components were investigated analytically over varying phantom thickness, tube kV and grid characteristics. Test disks were exposed as ROI embedded in phantom to evaluate the potential contrast improvement in image quality with the proposed technique.
Results: Simulated and experimental results were comparable and in agreement with literature. SPR and SF mean values of 10.5, 0.314 and 7.96, 0.242 through grids of ratio 10:1 and 16:1 respectively was observed. Analysis of scatter components generation in object, grid’s assembly, and fluorescent yields gave mean values of 0.815, 0.167 and 0.017, respectively. Image contrast was observed to increase with tube voltage and grid ratio.
Conclusion: Achieving better image contrast, reduced patient dose and low scatter transmission while maintaining superior image quality, using grids with high grid ratio and selectivity is recommended.
Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation; Anti-scatter grids; image quality assessment; scatter correction.
Roles of clinical supervisors in the clinical training of radiography students in Zambia: a qualitative study
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Mwansa Edward 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Clinical supervisors are responsible for the facilitation of practice-based learning for radiography students. However, literature is scarce on the roles of clinical supervisors in the clinical training of students in Zambia.
Objective: This study was aimed at identifying and exploring the roles of clinical supervisors in the clinical training of radiography students in Zambia.
Methods: A qualitative design with unstructured interviews was used in this study. Ten individual interviews were conducted in July 2018 with clinical supervisors of radiography students working at the main clinical training and placement sites of the Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia, respectively. All digital interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
Results: Three main roles of a clinical supervisor emerged: managerial, educational, and supportive. The managerial role deals with organising and managing clinical training resources. The educational role involves imparting knowledge and skills to students. The supportive role involves supporting students with social and learning problems. Findings show the inter-relationship of these roles to each other.
Conclusion: Clinical supervisors need to understand their roles in order to develop and maintain their competences in the facilitation of practice-based learning. This could also help stakeholders to provide appropriate support to clinical supervisors.
Keywords: Clinical supervisor; clinical training; radiographer; radiography student; Zambia.
Burden of caregiving among caregivers of patients with severe mental illnesses in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: E Ofovwe Caroline , O Osasona Samuel 
Published: August 2022

Background: Severe mental illness exerts a tremendous burden on both the sufferer and caregiver. Such burden has been severally identified as enormous involving psychological, physical and economic challenges.
Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of burden of caregiving among caregivers of patients with severe mental illness; its relationship with the socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers and patients, and the clinical variables of the patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, and participants included a dyad of 141consecutive caregivers and patients who met the study inclusion criteria at the psychiatric out-patient clinic of a tertiary hospital. The Zarit Burden Interview was used to collect data from the caregivers; in addition, separate socio-demographic data collection sheets were used to collect data from caregivers and patients accordingly. Version 22 of SPSS was used to analyze the data at a statistically significant level of P< 0.05.
Results: About 37.6% of the caregivers experienced moderate to severe burden of caregiving. Duration of caregiving had a weak positive correlation with burden of care (r=.298, p=.004). While adjusting for other variables, duration of caregiving (OR=1.163, P=.017, 95% CI=1.027-1.317), and poor social support (OR=.438, P=.047, 95% CI=.194-.199) retained independent, statistically significant association with burden of caregiving, explaining about 16% in the variance of burden of caregiving.
Conclusion: There is a need to provide social support for caregivers of persons suffering from mental illness. Subsidization of cost of medication and hospitalization can reduce the burden experienced.
Keywords: Mental illness; Caregiving; Burden; Nigeria.
Crude extracts activity of three selected medicinal plants from the Venda region against some pathogenic organisms
Authors: Mabadahanye Khumbelo , L Bhembe Nolwazi , Green Ezekiel 
Published: August 2022

Background: The emerging of antimicrobial resistance has become a problem as it is threatening public health worldwide.
Objectives: To extract crude extracts from three different medicinal plants, test activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and screen for phytochemicals of those that showed activity against the targeted bacteria.
Methods: Kirkia acuminata Oliv., Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. and Mimusops zeyheri Sond. plants were collected at Thengwe area, Mafukani village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The plant materials collected were extracted using four solvents. Antimicrobial screening was accomplished using the agar well diffusion method and the crude extracts that showed activity against the targeted organisms were screened for phytochemicals using different tests.
Results: With all solvents used for extraction, methanol had a greater yield of 14.1% from Dichrostachys cinerea crude extracts. Kirkia acuminata and Dichrostachys cinerea were medicinal plants that inhibited Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus at the lowest concentration of 2.5 mg/ml and 1.25 mg/ml.
Conclusions: The results from this study show that the selected medicinal plants are active against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus and their pharmacological properties can be further analyzed for the development of new drugs.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; crude extracts; medicinal plants; phytochemicals.
Creating a Functional Health System for Nigeria
Authors: Odusanya O. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Health systems are more than static health facilities. The World Health Organization has identified six building blocks of the health system namely: human resources for health, service delivery, medicines, vaccines and technology, health information, health financing and leadership and governance. This paper examines the Nigerian health system and posits that it is not functional.Discussion: The dysfunctional state is a result of chronic neglect of both the building blocks of the health system and the wider determinants of health such as education, sanitation, and food security in addition to the lack of synergy between the health and non-health sectors.Conclusion: Creating a functional health system in Nigeria does not require fresh policies rather the political will and commitment of resources to improve the quality of life of the citizens in the non-health sector and the implementation of the numerous policies and strategies in the health sector. Adequate attention should be paid to primary health care.
Workplace Fire Safety: Knowledge and Preparedness in a Public Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Abia State, South East Nigeria
Authors: Ukegbu A.U. , Njoku P.U. , Metu K.C. , Onyeonoro U.U. , Obiechina O.C. , Ozurumba C.C. , Ebidan C.N. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Fire outbreak in a healthcare facility presents enormous challenge and a need for rapid response. The purpose of this study was to examine fire safety (FS) knowledge of workers and preparedness measures in Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 27 buildings and 310 employees from different units and departments, recruited by convenient non- probability sampling technique. A walk-through observational checklist and self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data which was analysed with SPSS software, version 20. Association between knowledge of FS and respondents’ working experience and FS training was measured using χ2- test. P ≤0.05 was assumed to be statistically significantResults: The highest proportion of participants were administrative staff 93 (30%), followed by medical doctors 80 (25.8%) and nurses 63 (20.3%). Only 28 (9.0%) had received training on FS, 109 (35.2%) knew how to operate a fire extinguisher, while 139 (41.9%) had knowledge of the location of fire extinguisher in their workplaces. Twenty-six (8.4%) knew the emergency number(s) to call if fire occurs. Only 107 (34.5%) of them had good knowledge of fire safety. Training on FS was significantly associated with knowledge of fire safety (p=0.026). All the buildings lacked necessary measures for FS.Conclusion: FS knowledge and level of preparedness were unsatisfactory in the hospital, which may constitute serious threat to the safety of workers and patients. The hospital management should implement regular FS training programmes for the workers to improve their knowledge, as well as put in place other FS measures.
Makna Kompensasi Dalam Perspektif Keberlangsungan Hidup (Studi Kasus Motivasi dan Kompensasi Satuan Pekerja Keamanan Outsourcing pada PT Pesonna Optima Jasa Di Sleman Yogyakarta)
Authors: Kundarti Fitria Kundarti , Rini Ika Tirta Candra , Setiawati Trias Setiawati 
Published: August 2022

The development of the world of work is growing so rapidly with the outsourcing work system. The outsourcing system is a work system that uses the services of a power expert in managing a particular job or project. There are some negative perceptions from the public about the status of outsourced employees because they are considered to have lower compensation rights and there is no guarantee of career certainty and employment status in the long term. In addition, the number of complaints and dissatisfaction with receiving compensation for outsourcing employees, directly or indirectly can affect work motivation. This study focuses on the motivation and compensation of the Outsourcing Security Worker Unit at PT Pesonna Optima Jasa in Sleman Yogyakarta entitled "The Meaning of Compensation in the Perspective of Survival". The purpose of this research is to find out: 1. perceptions of outsourcing work and compensation, 2. employee motivation and reasons for staying as outsourced employees. In this study, the authors used qualitative research methods with a case study approach and data collection methods in the form of interviews and documentation. Speakers are seven people. Test the validity of the data, test transferability and test credibility. The data testing method is data triangulation, data analysis is reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing.
The results of the study conclude that firstly, employee welfare has an important role in creating employee motivation to work and the influence of the amount of compensation to meet needs with workload and responsibility given to employee motivation and performance. Second, there is intrinsic motivation from employees to realize their desires, namely being able to fulfill their life needs and there is to realize their desires, namely being able to fulfill their daily needs and extrinsic motivation, namely companies that provide compensation in the form of salaries as a reason to still survive outsourcing staff/employees other than that, do not get the opportunity. in other jobs, although the income of outsourced employees is still far from feasible and not commensurate with the responsibilities given, this results in a decrease in employee motivation.
THE INFLUENCE OF USING 3H (HERE, HIDDEN AND IN MY HEAD) STRATEGY TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN NARRATIVE TEXT AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 ABUNG BARAT ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020
Authors: Suci Tiara 
Published: August 2022

Membaca adalah salah satu kemampuan yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa. Kemampuan membaca adalah kemampuan untuk mendapatkan informasi dan pengetahuan dari teks yang ditulis. Berdasarkan interview dengan guru bahasa inggris, peneliti mendapat beberapa informasi terkait masalah yang terjadi pada siswa dalam kegiatan membaca. Salah satunya adalah kemampuan membaca siswa yang rendah. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan strategi 3H terhadap pemahaman membaca siswa pada teks naratif di kelas X dari SMA Negeri 1 Abung Barat tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan model design non equivalent control group. Kemudian sample yang diambil pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA 3 dan X IPA 4 yang berjumlah 71 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui test reading comprehension dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dengan jumlah 25 soal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengajaran pemahaman membaca siswa melalui strategi 3H dapat meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa dalam mempelajari teks naratif. Hasil perhitungan uji-t dua sampel independen pada taraf kesalahan 5% menghasilkan thitung (8.51)> ttabel (1,997), ini artinya bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh signifikan penggunaan strategi 3H terhadap pemahaman membaca siswa pada teks naratif di kelas X dari SMA Negeri 1 Abung Barat tahun ajaran 2019/2020 diterima.
THE INFLUENCE OF COLLABORATIVE STRATEGY READING (CSR) TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN NARRATIVE TEXT AT THE NINTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 10 KOTABUMI
Authors: Irianto Irianto 
Published: August 2022

Membaca merupakan salah satu aspek yang penting bagi siswa di dalam proses pembelajaran. Melalui membaca, siswa dapat menambah pengetahuan yang dimiliki. Meskipun pada kenyataannya, di dalam proses membaca siswa sering sekali menemukan kesulitan seperti memahami makna di dalam suatu teks bacaan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh signifikan Collaborative Strategy Reading (CSR) terhadap pemahaman membaca siswa di dalam teks naratif tingkat kesembilan SMP Negeri 10 Kotabumi tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian quasi experiment ini dilakukan dengan desain non equivalent control group. Populasinya adalah tingkat kesembilan SMP Negeri 10 Kotabumi yang berjumlah 156 siswa, dan sampel yang diambil secara purposive adalah kelas IX D dengan 31 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas IX B dengan 31 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Dalam penelitian ini, data dikumpulkan melalui tes membaca dengan bentuk pilihan ganda sebanyak 26 butir soal, yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan dianalisa melalui uji t. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa thitung sebesar 4,523 dan ttable sebesar 1,671. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thitung > ttable sehingga diterima dan ditolak. Pada simpulannya dinyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan strategy CSR terhadap pemahaman membaca teks narative siswa kelas sembilan SMP Negeri 10 Kotabumi tahun ajaran 2019/2020.
Budaya Patriarki Dalam Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban Karya Abidah Elkhalieqy Sebagai Bahan Ajar Di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Esti Estikomah 
Published: August 2022

Masalah yang dikaji dalam novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban, yaitu budaya patriarki. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan budaya patriarki. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini, terdapat tujuh dampak negatif budaya patriarki yang ada dalam novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban, yaitu diskriminasi perempuan, eksploitasi, marginalisasi, sobordinasi, stereotipe, beban kerja lebih berat, dan kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Hal ini terlihat pada tokoh utama yang bernama Annisa. Ia mengalami dampak negatif budaya patriarki yang dilakukan oleh suaminya, yaitu Samsudin. Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar di sekolah menengah atas. Novel tersebut sudah mencakup tiga aspek, sesuai dengan kriteria pemilihan bahan ajar yang baik, yaitu aspek bahasa, aspek psikologi, dan aspek latar belakang budaya.

Kata kunci : budaya patriarki, Perempuan Berkalung Sorban
Abstarct

The problem studied in the novels Woman wearing Turban is patriarchal culture. The purpose of this research is to describe patriarchal culture. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study, there are seven negative impacts of patriarchal culture in the novels Woman wearing Turban, namely discrimination against women, exploitation, marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, heavier workload, and violence against women. This can be seen in the main character named Annisa. She experienced the negative impact of the patriarchal culture carried out by her husband, namely Samsudin. The novels Woman wearing Turban can be used as teaching material in high school. The novel already covers three aspects, in accordance with the criteria for selecting good teaching materials, namely language aspects, psychological aspects, and aspects of cultural background.

Keywords: patriarchal culture, Woman Wearing Turban
ANALISIS DEIKSIS DALAM NOVEL DI KAKI BUKIT CIBALAK KARYA AHMAD TOHARI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN AJAR DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Aryani Tri , Ratnaningsih Dewi 
Published: August 2022

Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini ialah deiksis pada novel Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak Karya Ahmad Tohari sebagai alternatif bahan ajar di sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan deiksis pada novel tersebut. Metode yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan ada seratus lima puluh data yang di dalamnya terdapat deiksis persona pertama, persona kedua, danpersona ketiga, deiksis tempat, dan deiksis waktu. Novel Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak Karya Ahmad Tohari telah memenuhi kriteria bahan ajar yang baik. Oleh karena itu, novel ini layak dijadikan sebagai alternatif bahan ajar bagi peserta didik di sekolah menengah atas.