bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GaN-based distributed feedback laser diodes grown on Si
Authors: Tang Yongjun , Feng Meixin , Liu Jianxun , Sun Xiujian , Yan Shumeng , Fan Shizhao , Sun Qian , Zhang Shuming , Ikeda Masao , Yang Hui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This letter reports on the results of room-temperature electrically injected GaN-based distributed feed-back laser diodes (LDs) grown on Si. A hundred pairs of high-order sidewall gratings were prepared by dry-etching along the ridge to select only single mode, and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide polishing technology was adopted to remove the etching damage and make the sidewall smooth and steep. As a result, we have successfully fabricated GaN-based distributed feedback LDs grown on Si with a side-mode suppression ratio of ∼10 dB. Further analysis revealed that the fabrication of gratings reduced the injection efficiency and increased the optical loss, which deteriorated the device performance. Further improvements of the laser material quality and device fabrication are underway.
X-ray magnetic dichroism and tunnel magneto-resistance study of the magnetic phase in epitaxial CrVO
x
nanoclusters
Authors: Joly Loïc , Scheurer Fabrice , Ohresser Philippe , Kengni-Zanguim Brice , Dayen Jean-François , Seneor Pierre , Dlubak Bruno , Godel Florian , Halley David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Epitaxial clusters of chromium and chromium–vanadium oxides are studied by tunnel magneto-resistivity measurements, x-ray absorption spectrometry and circular magnetic circular dichroism. They turn out to carry a small magnetic moment that follows a super-paramagnetic behavior. The chromium ion contribution to this magnetization is mainly due to an original magnetic Cr2O3-like phase, whereas usual Cr2O3 is known to be anti-ferromagnetic in the bulk. For mixed clusters, vanadium ions also contribute to the total magnetization and they are coupled to the chromium ion spins. By measuring the dichroic signal at different temperatures, we get insight into the possible spin configurations of vanadium and chromium ions: we propose that the magnetic dipoles observed in the clusters assembly could be related to ionic spins that couple at a very short range, as for instance in short one-dimensional spins chains.
Evaluation of the impact of a scanner prototype on proton CT and helium CT image quality and dose efficiency with Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Götz S , Dickmann J , Rit S , Krah N , Khellaf F , Schulte R W , Parodi K , Dedes G , Landry G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. The use of ion computed tomography (CT) promises to yield improved relative stopping power (RSP) estimation as input to particle therapy treatment planning. Recently, proton CT (pCT) has been shown to yield RSP accuracy on par with state-of-the-art x-ray dual energy CT. There are however concerns that the lower spatial resolution of pCT compared to x-ray CT may limit its potential, which has spurred interest in the use of helium ion CT (HeCT). The goal of this study was to investigate image quality of pCT and HeCT in terms of noise, spatial resolution, RSP accuracy and imaging dose using a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) model of an existing ion CT prototype. Approach. Three phantoms were used in simulated pCT and HeCT scans allowing estimation of noise, spatial resolution and the scoring of dose. An additional phantom was used to evaluate RSP accuracy. The imaging dose required to achieve the same image noise in a water and a head phantom was estimated at both native spatial resolution, and in a scenario where the HeCT spatial resolution was reduced and matched to that of pCT using Hann windowing of the reconstruction filter. A variance reconstruction formalism was adapted to account for Hann windowing. Main results. We confirmed that the scanner prototype would produce higher spatial resolution for HeCT than pCT by a factor 1.8 (0.86 lp mm−1 versus 0.48 lp mm−1 at the center of a 20 cm water phantom). At native resolution, HeCT required a factor 2.9 more dose than pCT to achieve the same noise, while at matched resolution, HeCT required only 38% of the pCT dose. Finally, RSP mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was found to be 0.59% for pCT and 0.67% for HeCT. Significance. This work compared the imaging performance of pCT and HeCT when using an existing scanner prototype, with the spatial resolution advantage of HeCT coming at the cost of increased dose. When matching spatial resolution via Hann windowing, HeCT had a substantial dose advantage. Both modalities provided state-of-the-art RSP MAPE. HeCT might therefore help reduce the dose exposure of patients with comparable image noise to pCT, enhanced spatial resolution and acceptable RSP accuracy at the same time.
Implementation of multi-component Zhdanov closure in SOLEDGE3X
Authors: Bufferand H , Balbin J , Baschetti S , Bucalossi J , Ciraolo G , Ghendrih Ph , Mao R , Rivals N , Tamain P , Yang H , Giorgiani G , Schwander F , Scotto d’Abusco M , Serre E , Denis J , Marandet Y , Raghunathan M , Innocente P , Galassi D ,   JET Contributors
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The multi-component fluid closure derived by Zhdanov (2002 Transport Processes in Multicomponent Plasma (London: Taylor and Francis)) is implemented in the fluid code SOLEDGE3X-EIRENE to deal with arbitrary edge plasma composition. The closure assumes no distinction between species such as light versus heavy species separation. The work of Zhdanov is rewritten in a matricial form in order to clearly link friction forces and heat fluxes to the different species velocities and temperature gradients.
SOL width broadening by spreading of pedestal turbulence
Authors: Chu Xu , Diamond P.H. , Guo Zhibin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The pedestal turbulence intensity required to convert the thin, laminar H-mode scrape-off layer (SOL) to a broad turbulent SOL is calculated using the theory of turbulence spreading. A lower bound on the pedestal turbulence level to exceed the neoclassical heuristic drift (HD) width is derived. A reduced model of SOL turbulence spreading is used to determine the SOL width as a function of intensity flux from the pedestal to the SOL. The cross-over value for exceeding the HD model width is then calculated. We determine the pedestal turbulence levels—and the critical scalings thereof—required to achieve this level of broadening. Both drift wave and ballooning mode turbulence are considered. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the key competition is that between spreading and linear E × B shear damping. The required pedestal turbulence levels scale with ρ/R.
Comparison of impact and water vapor characteristics between two types of floods in Eastern China
Authors: Guo Lianyi , Shi Yi , Jiang Huiru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Floods are one of the most devastating natural hazards, resulting in social and economic losses. As a flood-prone area, East China (EC) suffers floods mainly related to monsoons and tropical cyclones (TC). However, how the floods induced by heavy rain (HR) and TC impact on human life, and what their differences are, is not yet clear. In this paper, we assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of two types of floods in South China (SC), the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River (YHR), and North China (NC) for 1985–2020, and investigate the impacts on human mortality and displacement. Furthermore, we use the improved areal source-receptor attribution method to quantify the water vapor contribution from each moisture source. Results show that HR-induced floods occur more frequently than TC-induced floods in three study areas for 1985–2020. The spatial pattern of the severity of floods exhibits an increasing gradient from North to South. The trends of annual mean mortality and displacement rates were significantly decreasing over time. The most important moisture sources for HR-induced floods in three study regions are all from EC. Contributions account for 26.6%, 45.0% and 54.5% in SC, YHR and NC, respectively. However, the most important moisture source for TC-induced floods in SC and YHR is from the Western Pacific Ocean. Contributions account for 21.9% and 44.3% in SC and YHR, respectively. The above result within the Lagrangian framework is well confirmed by the Eulerian framework.
Non-invasive breath collection in murine models using a newly developed sampling device
*
Authors: Hintzen K F H , Smolinska A , Mommers A G R , Bouvy N D , van Schooten F J , Lubbers T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath have the potential to be used as biomarkers for screening and diagnosis of diseases. Clinical studies are often complicated by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors influencing the composition of VOCs in exhaled breath. Small laboratory animal studies contribute in obtaining fundamental insight in alterations in VOC composition in exhaled breath and thereby facilitate the design and analysis of clinical research. However, long term animal experiments are often limited by invasive breath collection methods and terminal experiments. To overcome this problem, a novel device was developed for non-invasive breath collection in mice using glass nose-only restrainers thereby omitting the need of anesthetics. C57Bl/6 J mice were used to test reproducibility and different air sampling settings for air-flow (ml min−1) and time (minutes). Exhaled air was collected on desorption tubes and analysed for VOCs by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-tof-MS). In total 27 compounds were putatively identified and used to assess the variability of the VOC measurements in the breath collections. Best reproducibility is obtained when using an air flow of 185 ml min−1 and a collection time of 20 min. Due to the non-invasive nature of breath collections in murine models, this device has the potential to facilitate VOC research in relation to disturbed metabolism and or disease pathways.
Physicochemical foundations of the pioneering technology for the carbonaceous uranium ore processing
Authors: Mukhachev Anatoliy , Nefedov Volodymyr , Yelatontsev Dmytro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of the first known industrial trials for the processing of uranium-containing slag obtained during blast-furnace smelting of carbonaceous iron-uranium ore (Zhovtorichenske deposit, Ukraine). It is shown that the fractional precipitation of iron and aluminum impurities allows reducing the losses of uranium and increasing the degree of utilization of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, additionally producing the ammonium nitrate as fertilizer. The scheme for chemical concentrate processing ensured a significant increase in the degree of uranium deposition into the finished product – up to 60%. Nitric acid sludge processing technology made it possible to maintain the water balance and completely prevented the discharge of off-balance effluents into the river Dnipro.
Mechanical model and numerical analysis of a method for local rock reinforcing to control the floor heave of mining-affected roadway in a coal mine
Authors: Sakhno Ivan , Sakhno Svitlana , Kamenets Viacheslav 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A floor heave controlling method has been substantiated, based on the creation of locally reinforced zones of a special shape in roadway floor, which allows saving stability even with a low rocks friction ratio. The method is based on a mechanical model of the formation of an increasing strength spacer system in roadway floor. The numerical analysis of rock massif stress-strain state carried out by the finite element method, has made it possible to determine the mechanism of floor heave during rock reinforcing. The performed analysis of the simulation results has made it possible to determine the influence of the quality of rock reinforcing and the rock friction ratio value on the amount of heave in the mining-affected roadway. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proven as a result of a comparative analysis.
Influence of the method of gate road protection on the operating efficiency of methane drainage boreholes
Authors: Krukovska Viktoriia , Kocherha Viktor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Methods of numerical modelling have helped to carry out the research of coupled processes of rock deformation around a gate road with methane drainage boreholes and methane filtration in terms of applying different techniques of its protection. The following has been shown: without the use of protective structures, underworked drainage boreholes are broken and stop functioning. If the protective structures are used, the rock-bolting beam above the mined-out space becomes stable. Boreholes go beyond the zones of inelastic deformations and remain in their operating conditions even after their undermining by a stope. The yield of a methane-air mixture in two methane drainage boreholes increases that is confirmed by experimental data. The efficiency of roof degassing by boreholes when using the considered protective structures is 13-63%. The borehole position is of great importance for its operating efficiency. If the borehole is beyond the filtration area, methane yield is minimal. It is quite high within the zone of increased fissuring of host rocks. If the methane drainage borehole is near the zone of inelastic deformations, methane yield reaches its maximum, but reliability of borehole operation is not high. The borehole is broken within the zone of inelastic deformations.
Substantiating the parameters for selecting a pillar width to protect permanent mine workings at great depths
Authors: Krukovskyi Oleksandr , Bulich Yurii , Kurnosov Serhii , Yanzhula Oleksii , Demin Vladimir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Application of a method to protect permanent mine workings by large pillars requires thorough analysis of geomechanical processes aimed at providing stability for a mine working during its long-term operation. The purpose of the paper is to study the processes of coal rock mass deformation to substantiate the selection of the protective pillar width. The examples to be considered are represented by mining-geological conditions of a central panel of PJSC Colliery Group “Pokrovske” where four permanent mine workings are planned to be driven. To substantiate the width of protective pillars, geomechanical stability of mine workings have been assessed in terms of the effect of stoping operations of the adjacent longwalls of the block and beyond their effect. It has been shown that insufficient dimensions of a support pillar result in considerable influence of stoping operations on the stability of permanent mine workings. Along with the increasing dimensions of a support pillar, the pressure in the rocks around the permanent inclined mine workings decreases, and the support load decreases as well. In terms of the appropriate dimension of the support pillar, the boundaries of the effect become smaller; the bolting and frame support provides completely the required mine working stability.
Regularities of elastic oscillations development during crystalline rocks destruction and mathematical modelling of the destruction process
Authors: Popov Stanislav , Babets Yevhen , Kryvenko Oleksii , Vasylenko Yevhen , Romanenko Oleksandr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to determining regularities of occurrence and development of seismoacoustic oscillations in rocks under loading to the moment of their destruction. Investigations conducted by the authors enable ascertaining dependences of occurrence and development of such oscillations for crystalline rocks of different hardness that are typical of iron ore deposits of Kryvyi Rih basin. A mathematical model based on the obtained dependences makes it possible to determine the moment of the instable stress state onset – the indication of rock destruction – using characteristics of seismoacoustic waves. This model is essential for forecasting the moment of hazard occurrence based on geomechanical conditions of mining iron ore deposits.
Fatigue performance of butt-welded austenitic stainless-steel joints evaluated by peak-stress method
Authors: Pan Chunyu , Dai Zhen , Xue Jian , Peng Yang , Dong Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, the fatigue performance of butt-welded austenitic stainless-steel joints is investigated by fatigue test, nominal-stress method and peak-stress method. Welding profiles and misalignment were analyzed, residual stresses were measured, and fatigue tests were conducted. The experimental fatigue data are regressed to the stress range versus life-to-failure (S–N) curve of the nominal stress method, and the factor affected dispersion is analyzed by using the peak-stress method. The following conclusion can be drawn: (1) The fatigue strength is 155 MPa in nominal stress method, which is higher than that of structural steel (80 MPa) in the international fatigue design standards. (2) The influence of the welding misalignment and distortion can be accurately estimated by the combing the reference S-N curve and stress magnification factor formulae from the international fatigue design standards.
Dualism
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Dualism’ asks: is the mind distinct from the body? Dualism is the theory of mind that answers this question in the affirmative. Looking into Dualism’s ancient origins show us some of the key arguments for dualism. Dualism is thought, by its proponents, to solve one of the great problems in philosophy: the mind‒body problem. Cartesian dualism and René Descartes’s arguments are based on the premise that it is possible to imagine one’s mind existing without one’s body and one’s body without one’s mind. There are also two contemporary arguments for dualism: the knowledge argument, according to which dualism must be true because knowledge of all physical facts does not suffice for understanding conscious experience, and the so-called ‘zombie’ argument according to which the mind must be distinct from the body since a bodily duplicate of a human would not have conscious experiences. Can conceivability be a guide to possibility? In other words, whether one’s ability to imagine a certain situation is reason to believe that such a situation is possible.
Emotions
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Emotions’ asks: how ought we to understand the emotions? There are a number of body-based theories of the emotions, according to which an emotion is an awareness of certain bodily processesWilliam James presents an ‘subtraction argument’, which is the thought experiment which asks us to imagine what is left of an emotion if we subtract the relevant bodily processes from an emotion. Body-based theories can be contrasted with judgement-based theories, which align emotions with judgements. There are also a number of theories of emotions put forward by proponents of the embodied mind thesis, who see the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary actions such as reaching and walking, as playing a crucial role in emotion.
Changes in Functional and Numerical Responses of the Parasitoid WaspTrichogramma brassicae(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Over 45 Generations of Rearing onEphestia kuehniella
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Ehsan , Fathipour Yaghoub , Bagheri Abdoolnabi , Talebi Ali Asghar , Reddy Gadi V P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe assessed the functional and numerical responses of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko under long-term rearing (45 generations, G5-G45) on eggs of a common factitious host, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Under such long-term mass rearing, the function response of this parasitoid shifted from Type III (from G5 to G20) to Type II (from G25 to G45). The maximum attack rate (T/Th) (33.62 hosts/day) and the shortest handling time (0.7138 ± 0.0272 h) were recorded in G5. Also, G45 had the lowest attack rate (21.67 hosts/day) and longest handling time (1.1076 ± 0.0689 h). The handling time increased gradually over the generations (P reg &lt;0.01, R2 = 0.903). The number of eggs laid by the parasitoid increased significantly with increased host density, but reached a plateau at very high densities. While no significant differences in daily parasitism were observed over 45 generations at densities of 2, 4, 8, and 16 available host eggs per wasp, there were significant differences in parasitism at host densities of 32, 64, and 128 eggs per wasp. T. brassicae females were more active and foraged more frequently in earlier generations (G5 to G20), which allowed wasps to parasitize more E. kuehniella eggs compared to later generations. Also, continuous mass rearing of T. brassicae negatively affected foraging behavior and the quality of wasps after G20. However, rejuvenation of the colony by adding field-collected parasitoids or rearing wasps on more suitable factitious hosts is strongly recommended to lower the negative effects of long-term mass rearing on quality of this parasitoid.
Considerations for integrated cognitive behavioural treatment for older adults with coexisting nocturia and insomnia
Authors: Vaughan Camille P , Markland Alayne D , Huang Alison J , Alessi Cathy A , Guzman Andrew , Martin Jennifer L , Bliwise Donald L , Johnson II Theodore M , Burgio Kathryn L , Fung Constance H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nocturia and chronic insomnia disorder are common conditions that frequently coexist in older adults. Existing medication treatments for each condition have risks, particularly in older adults. While treatment guidelines recommend starting with behavioural therapy for each condition, no existing program simultaneously addresses nocturia and insomnia. Existing behavioural interventions for nocturia or insomnia contain concordant and discordant components. An expert panel (including geriatricians with sleep or nocturia research expertise, sleep psychologists and a behavioural psychologist) was convened to combine and reconcile elements of behavioural treatment for each condition. Concordant treatment recommendations involve using situational self-management strategies such as urge suppression or techniques to influence homeostatic drive for sleep. Fluid modification such as avoiding alcohol and evening caffeine and regular self-monitoring through a daily diary is also appropriate for both conditions. The expert panel resolved discordant recommendations by eliminating overnight completion of voiding diaries (which can interfere with sleep) and discouraging routine overnight voiding (a stimulus control strategy). The final product is an integrated cognitive behavioural treatment that is delivered by advanced practice providers weekly over 5 weeks. This integrated program addresses the common scenario of coexisting nocturia and chronic insomnia disorder.