bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard Fixed Enoxaparin Dosing for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Leads to Low Peak Anti-Factor Xa Levels in Both Head and Neck and Breast Free Flap Patients
Authors: Ambani Shoshana W. , Bengur Fuat Baris , Varelas Lee J. , Nguyen Vu T. , Cruz Carolyn De La , Acarturk Tahsin Oguz , Manders Ernest K. , Kubik Mark W. , Sridharan Shaum , Gimbel Michael L. , Solari Mario G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication, particularly in cancer patients undergoing free flap reconstruction. Subcutaneous enoxaparin is the conventional prophylaxis for VTE prevention, and serum anti-factor Xa (afXa) levels are being increasingly used to monitor enoxaparin activity. In this study, free flap patients receiving standard enoxaparin prophylaxis were prospectively followed to investigate postoperative afXa levels and 90-day VTE and bleeding-related complications.
Methods Patients undergoing free tissue transfer during an 8-month period were identified and prospectively followed. Patients received standard fixed enoxaparin dosing at 30 mg twice daily in head and neck (H&N) and 40 mg daily in breast reconstructions. Target peak prophylactic afXa range was 0.2 to 0.5 IU/mL. The primary outcome was the occurrence of 90-day postoperative VTE- and bleeding-related events. Independent predictors of afXa level and VTE incidence were analyzed for patients that met the inclusion criteria.
Results Seventy-eight patients were prospectively followed. Four (5.1%) were diagnosed with VTE, and six (7.7%) experienced bleeding-related complications. The mean afXa levels in both VTE patients and bleeding patients were subprophylactic (0.13 ± 0.09 and 0.11 ± 0.07 IU/mL, respectively). Forty-six patients (21 breast, 25 H&N) had valid postoperative peak steady-state afXa levels. Among these, 15 (33%) patients achieved the target prophylactic range: 5 (33%) H&N and 10 (67%) breast patients. The mean afXa level for H&N patients was significantly lower than for breast patients (p = 0.0021). Patient total body weight was the sole negative predictor of afXa level (R
2 = 0.47, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Standard fixed enoxaparin dosing for postoperative VTE prophylaxis does not achieve target afXa levels for the majority of our free flap patients. H&N patients appear to be a particularly high-risk group that may require a more personalized and aggressive approach. Total body weight is the sole negative predictor of afXa level, supporting a role for weight-based enoxaparin dosing.
Nosocomial Pneumonia in the Mechanically Ventilated Patient
Authors: Fanning Jonathon , Panigada Mauro , Li Bassi Gianluigi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication occurring in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated and is the leading cause of nosocomial infection-related death. Etiologic agents for VAP widely differ based on the population of intensive care unit patients, duration of hospital stay, and prior antimicrobial therapy. VAP due to multidrug-resistant pathogens is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality, likely due to delays in appropriate antimicrobial treatment. International guidelines are currently available to guide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. VAP can be prevented through various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, which are more effective when grouped as bundles. When VAP is clinically suspected, diagnostic strategies should include early collection of respiratory samples to guide antimicrobial therapy. Empirical treatment should be based on the most likely etiologic microorganisms and antibiotics likely to be active against these microorganisms. Response to therapy should be reassessed after 3 to 5 days and antimicrobials adjusted or de-escalated to reduce the burden of the disease. Finally, considering that drug resistance is increasing worldwide, several novel antibiotics are being tested to efficiently treat VAP in the coming decades.
Virgin effect in spheres of LaFeSi-based alloys
Authors: Bahl Christian R. H. , Liang Jierong , Masche Marvin , Nielsen Kaspar K. , Engelbrecht Kurt 
Published: June 2022

A virgin phase transition is observed in spherical particles of the industrially relevant magnetocaloric material La(Fe,Mn,Si)13Hy. Upon initial cooling, the phase transition is observed 2–3 K below the heating transition on all subsequent cooling and heating transitions. This virgin transition has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry and vibrating sample magnetometry. Incremental measurements show not only how the phase transition can be carefully approached but also that the initial full transformation requires cooling of about 6 K below the observed phase transformation. No signs of structural damage due to the thermal cycling were observed, neither macroscopically or by scanning electron microscopy.
Research on the characteristics of the leeward vortex flow field on a blunt-headed rotating body at high angles of attack
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Xiao , Jiang Kun , Song Daquan 
Published: June 2022

Detached eddy simulation was used to numerically compute the leeward vortex flow field on a blunt-headed rotating body. The effects of changes in the angle of attack and flight velocity on the evolutionary law of the counter-rotating vortexes and the fluctuation characteristics of the lateral force coefficient were analyzed. The results show that the counter-rotating vortexes on the leeward surface of the blunt-headed rotating body gradually separate from the wall along the direction from the tail to the head of the projectile as the angle of attack increases. In addition, it shows a periodic variation law of alternating expansion and detachment of the unilateral separated vortex. When the angle of attack is greater than 30°, the fluctuation amplitude of the lateral force coefficient initially rises and then drops with an increase in the angle of attack, while the fluctuation frequency keeps increasing. The maximum amplitude and corresponding frequency of the lateral force coefficient under the main fluctuation remain in the range of 100–230 Hz and have a linear positive feedback relationship with the flight Mach number. With the angle of attack and flight velocity as independent variables, the fittings were performed on the varying laws of maximum amplitude and the corresponding frequency of the lateral force coefficient under the main fluctuation. An unsteady calculation equation for the lateral force coefficient under the change in coupling with the angle of attack and flight velocity was established.
Drag-free control design and in-orbit validation of TianQin-1 satellite
Authors: Xiao Chunyu , Bai Yanzheng , Li Hongyin , Liu Li , Liu Yanchong , Luo Jun , Ma Yun , Qu Shaobo , Tan Dingyin , Wang Chengrui , Wu Shuchao , Yin Hang , Yu Jianbo , Zhou Annan , Zhou Zebing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Drag-free control (DFC) is one of the key technologies for space-borne gravitational wave detectors. For the TianQin (TQ) project, non-gravitational disturbances on the spacecraft must be suppressed by DFC. TianQin-1 (TQ-1) is the first satellite for technology verification, whose main goal is to verify the disturbances reduction technologies. In this paper, the DFC requirement and preliminary analysis for the TQ project are introduced, and then the design and the experimental validation with the TQ-1 satellite is presented. In-orbit results show a successful validation of DFC and the residual acceleration of TQ-1 satellite has been suppressed to

5
×
1

0

−
11

m

s

−
2

H

z

−
1
/
2

at 10 mHz versus

2
×
1

0

−
9

m

s

−
2

H

z

−
1
/
2

thruster noise.
Giant exchange bias in antiferromagnetic Pr2CoFe0.5Mn0.5O6: a structural and magnetic properties study
Authors: Anand Khyati , Pal Arkadeb , Joshi Amish G , Pal Prabir , Singh Rahul , Yen Peter Tsung-Wen , Huang S M , Alam Md , Kumari Seema , Sathe Vasant , Chakravarty Sujoy , Mohan Anita , Chatterjee Sandip 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials with a colossal exchange bias (EB) effect find applications as high-density spintronic devices. We report structural (geometrical and electronic) and magnetic studies in the polycrystalline Pr2CoFe0.5Mn0.5O6 double perovskite system. The observed lack of training effect suggests the existence of robust EB. In addition, the detailed magnetic studies and Raman studies unravel the Griffith-like phase along with the spin-phonon coupling in the present system. The x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis supports more than one valence state of B-site elements, which is accountable for the competition between ferromagnetic (FM) and AFM interactions in addition to the anti-site disorder in the system. The neutron measurement confirms the G-type AFM spin arrangement, accredited by the DFT calculation. The magnetic studies have correlated with the electronic structure, neutron study, and theoretical first principle calculations.
Step-flow growth of Al droplet free AlN epilayers grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Shao Pengfei , Li Siqi , Li Zhenhua , Zhou Hui , Zhang Dongqi , Tao Tao , Yan Yu , Xie Zili , Wang Ke , Chen Dunjun , Liu Bin , Zheng Youdou , Zhang Rong , Lin Tsungtse , Wang Li , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We have investigated an Al modulation epitaxy (AME) method to obtain step-flow growth of Al droplet free AlN layers by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). At the usual growth temperature of (Al)GaN/AlN heterostructures, Al atom migration and desorption rate are very low and consequently it is very difficult to avoid the formation of Al droplets on AlN growth front by conventional MBE growth method. By adopting the AME growth method, such a difficulty has been effectively overcome and step flow growth mode of AlN has been clearly observed. By optimizing the AME growth time sequence, namely, AlN growth time and N radical beam treatment time, Al droplet free AlN layers with step flow growth characteristics have been obtained, with atomic flat surfaces and an average atomic step width of ∼118 nm at 970 °C–1000 °C, which is still suitable to grow (Al)GaN/AlN heterostructures by MBE.
Machine-learned model Hamiltonian and strength of spin–orbit interaction in strained Mg2X (X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)
Authors: Alidoust Mohammad , Rothmund Erling , Akola Jaakko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Machine-learned multi-orbital tight-binding (MMTB) Hamiltonian models have been developed to describe the electronic characteristics of intermetallic compounds Mg2Si, Mg2Ge, Mg2Sn, and Mg2Pb subject to strain. The MMTB models incorporate spin–orbital mediated interactions and they are calibrated to the electronic band structures calculated via density functional theory by a massively parallelized multi-dimensional Monte-Carlo search algorithm. The results show that a machine-learned five-band tight-binding (TB) model reproduces the key aspects of the valence band structures in the entire Brillouin zone. The five-band model reveals that compressive strain localizes the contribution of the 3s orbital of Mg to the conduction bands and the outer shell p orbitals of X (X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) to the valence bands. In contrast, tensile strain has a reversed effect as it weakens the contribution of the 3s orbital of Mg and the outer shell p orbitals of X to the conduction bands and valence bands, respectively. The π bonding in the Mg2X compounds is negligible compared to the σ bonding components, which follow the hierarchy

|

σ

s
p

|

>

|

σ

p
p

|

>

|

σ

s
s

|

, and the largest variation against strain belongs to σ

pp
. The five-band model allows for estimating the strength of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in Mg2X and obtaining its dependence on the atomic number of X and strain. Further, the band structure calculations demonstrate a significant band gap tuning and band splitting due to strain. A compressive strain of

−
10
%

can open a band gap at the Γ point in metallic Mg2Pb, whereas a tensile strain of

+
10
%

closes the semiconducting band gap of Mg2Si. A tensile strain of

+
5
%

removes the three-fold degeneracy of valence bands at the Γ point in semiconducting Mg2Ge. The presented MMTB models can be extended for various materials and simulations (band structure, transport, classical molecular dynamics), and the obtained results can help in designing devices made of Mg2X.
Particle filter underwater terrain-aided navigation based on gradient fitting
Authors: Zhou Tian , Wang Tianhao , Gao Jiaqi , Guo Qijia , Yan Zhenyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Inertial navigation systems (INSs) are widely used for autonomous underwater vehicle navigation, with excellent short-term precision. However, the positioning error of an INS accumulates with time. It is imperative to adopt other approaches to mitigate drift errors, especially for long-term sailing tasks. To that end, underwater terrain-based navigation (TBN) is effective in bounding the drift errors. In particular, the particle filtering (PF) method is extensively employed in TBN to tackle the highly nonlinear measurement equation. In our previous work, the statistical properties of the digital terrain model gradient were exploited and we proposed the use of three probability density functions to characterize the normalized data, i.e. Gaussian, gamma and Weibull distributions. In this paper, the likelihood was modified according to the gradient fitting results, i.e. an optimal distribution selection. Moreover, to prevent the measurement data with large gradients from generating particles with lower weights, a pre-screen procedure was proposed to stabilize particle filter sampling. As shown and demonstrated in simulations, our proposed improved PF method outperforms the comparative ones in terms of root mean square error and standard deviation, as well as accuracy, especially for long-term sailing tasks. In terms of computational cost, a smaller number of measurement data are employed and the proposed method is faster than the standard PF method.
Circular arc pendulum: experiment and motion’s analysis
Authors: El-Tawargy Ahmed S , Ramadan Wael A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, a simple rocking pendulum, in a circular arc shape, is presented. The idea is to put a rigid arc on a clean flat surface of glass and leave it to oscillate under the effect of a little impulse. Then, the periodic time of this arc pendulum’s motion is experimentally determined. The mathematical analysis of the arc’s motion is derived based on the principle of the energy conservation. The arc’s motion is found to be expressed by an equation of a simple harmonic motion. It is found that the motion’s periodic time depends on the gravitational acceleration, arc’s radius of curvature, the arc’s central angle and the arc’s thickness. Nine rigid circular arcs having the same radius of curvature and thicknesses, but are different in the central geometrical angle, are used to experimentally verify the proposed model. The measured and the calculated periodic times of all of them are in a good agreement. The dependence of the periodic time of the oscillating arc on its radius, thickness and central angle is illustrated. In spite of its simplicity and easiness of realisation, this experiment offers demonstration of a good example of rocking sensation and experimental verification of the calculated arc’s moment of inertia.
TOPAS-nBio simulation of temperature-dependent indirect DNA strand break yields
Authors: Ramos-Méndez José , García-García Omar , Domínguez-Kondo Jorge , LaVerne Jay A , Schuemann Jan , Moreno-Barbosa Eduardo , Faddegon Bruce 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Current Monte Carlo simulations of DNA damage have been reported only at ambient temperature. The aim of this work is to use TOPAS-nBio to simulate the yields of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) produced in plasmids under low-LET irradiation incorporating the effect of the temperature changes in the environment. A new feature was implemented in TOPAS-nBio to incorporate reaction rates used in the simulation of the chemical stage of water radiolysis as a function of temperature. The implemented feature was verified by simulating temperature-dependent G-values of chemical species in liquid water from 20 °C to 90 °C. For radiobiology applications, temperature dependent SSB and DSB yields were calculated from 0 °C to 42 °C, the range of available published measured data. For that, supercoiled DNA plasmids dissolved in aerated solutions containing EDTA irradiated by Cobalt-60 gamma-rays were simulated. TOPAS-nBio well reproduced published temperature-dependent G-values in liquid water and the yields of SSB and DSB for the temperature range considered. For strand break simulations, the model shows that the yield of SSB and DSB increased linearly with the temperature at a rate of (2.94 ± 0.17) × 10−10 Gy–1 Da–1 °C–1 (R
2 = 0.99) and (0.13 ± 0.01) × 10−10 Gy–1 Da–1 °C–1 (R
2 = 0.99), respectively. The extended capability of TOPAS-nBio is a complementary tool to simulate realistic conditions for a large range of environmental temperatures, allowing refined investigations of the biological effects of radiation.
Heteroepitaxial β-Ga2O3 thick films on sapphire substrate by carbothermal reduction rapid growth method
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Hezhi , Zhang Zhenzhong , Zhang Qi , Hu Xibing , Liang Hongwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The heteroepitaxial β-Ga2O3 thick films were rapidly grown on various oriented sapphire substrates using carbothermal reduction method. The β-Ga2O3 films were prepared in our home-made vertical dual temperature zone furnace. The growth direction as well as surface morphology showed the strong dependence on the orientation of the sapphire substrate. The fastest growth rate was obtained reaching approximate 15 μm h−1 on c-plane sapphire substrate according to the average 30 μm thickness of β-Ga2O3 films grown for 2 h measured by cross-section scanning electron microscope. The Raman spectra indicated the pure-phase β-Ga2O3 films without obvious strain. The bandgap for grown films were in range of 4.6–4.7 eV confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectra and Tauc plot from absorption spectra. Secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to check the impurities indicating a limited amount of residual carbon inside the films even though graphite as the reducing agent. The results in this work give promising alternative method of rapid epitaxial β-Ga2O3 thick films for the application on high-power electronic devices.
Dynamical analysis of a new chaotic system and its application in ADC
Authors: Shen Yupeng , Bai Yu , Zou Tao , Zhang Lei , Su Yanrui , Wu Zhao , Liu Haiwen , Yan Fabao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The improvement of Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) performance is crucial to improve the data quality of the signal acquisition system. Therefore, based on the dithering technology, combined with the chaotic system, the study designs and analyses a novel method to improve the Spurious-Free dynamic range (SFDR) of the ADC. First, a new five-dimensional chaotic system is proposed in this paper. The chaotic characteristics and dynamic behavior of the new system have been deeply analysed. The analysis methods mainly consist of the Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagram, power spectrum and sample entropy. The corresponding simulation model has been developed in Simulink, and the simulation results prove the reality and feasibility of the new chaotic system. Second, the random number homogenization universal algorithm is used to modify the amplitude of the chaotic sequences generated by the new chaotic system. The uniformity and correlation analysis prove that the Dither signal has strong uniformity and randomness. Third, a behaviour-level simulation model of the pipeline ADC is built; then, the narrowband, broadband and different amplitude Dither signals are added to verify the improvement effect for the dynamic performance of the ADC. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed method can improve the SFDR of the ADC by 10.37 dBc, which effectively eliminates the harmonic energy and improves the dynamic performance of the ADC.
Graph-combinatorial approach for large deviations of Markov chains
Authors: Carugno Giorgio , Vivo Pierpaolo , Coghi Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider discrete-time Markov chains and study large deviations of the pair empirical occupation measure, which is useful to compute fluctuations of pure-additive and jump-type observables. We provide an exact expression for the finite-time moment generating function, which is split in cycles and paths contributions, and scaled cumulant generating function of the pair empirical occupation measure via a graph-combinatorial approach. The expression obtained allows us to give a physical interpretation of interaction and entropic terms, and of the Lagrange multipliers, and may serve as a starting point for sub-leading asymptotics. We illustrate the use of the method for a simple two-state Markov chain.
Affinity capture of escherichia coli pathotypes using poly-L-lysine functionalized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Daramola Oluwafemi Bamidele , Torimiro Nkem , Alayande Samson Oluwagbemiga 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, optical detection of different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) was exploited using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) poly-coated with Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PLL) and monitored at 540 nm wavelength. A colour change from reddish-brown to colourless (with brown precipitates) with different absorbance values was obtained for each pathotype within two hours of interaction. The bio-affinity sensing and selective adhesion of poly-coated AgNPs (PLL-AgNPs) and E. coli strains were best observed in Enteroaggregative E. coli (0.067 ± 0.004) and Shiga toxin E. coli (0.070 ± 0.002). Slight differences in the negatively charged O-antigen present in E. coli pathotypes informed their varying binding affinity with PLL-AgNPs. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli monitoring using PLL-AgNPs and optical sensing method is a promising approach toward preventing the use of unsafe water and improving public health.
Multi-response optimization in turning of EN-24 steel under MQL
Authors: Thakur Archana , Guleria Vikrant , Lal Roshan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cutting fluids used in manufacturing industry have environmental and economic drawbacks. In order to reduce the negative effects associated with cutting the fluids, it is now becoming indispensable to move towards more sustainable techniques. In this research work, the turning of EN-24 steel under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) environment have been done. The study has been completed three phases. The first phase deals with planning of experiments based on Box-Behnken design. The influence of input process parameters i.e., cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and MQL flow rate have been investigated on output parameters i.e., surface roughness, tool wear, cutting temperature and cutting force. The desirability approach strategy has been used for multi-response optimizationof input parameters in the second phase.The third step deals with analysis of results using SEM, 3D surface graphs and main effect graphs. The confirmation experiments have been carried out to verify the developed model. Experimental results revealed that, the turning performance under high MQL flow rate has been found to be the most effective parameter on mean surface roughness, cutting temperature, tool wear and cutting force.