bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are deforestation and degradation in the Congo Basin on the rise? An analysis of recent trends and associated direct drivers.
Authors: Shapiro Aurélie , d'Annunzio Rémi , Jungers Quentin , Desclée Baudouin , Kondjo Héritier , Iyanga Josefina Mbulito , Gangyo Fancis , Rambaud Pierrick , Sonwa Denis , Mertens Benoît , Tchana Elisée , Obame Conan , Khasa Damase , Bougouin Clement , Nana Tatiana , Ouissika Chérubins , Kipute Daddy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Congo Basin hosts the largest continuous tract of forest in Africa, regulating global climate while providing essential resources and livelihoods for humans, while harbouring extensive biodiversity. The threats to these forests are expected to increase. A regional collaborative effort has produced the first systematically validated remote sensing assessment of deforestation and degradation in six central African countries for 2015-2020 period, along with a quantification of associated direct drivers of change. Deforestation and degradation (DD) are not observed to be increasing since 2017 are occurring primarily in already fragmented corridor forests. We assess multiple, overlapping drivers and show that the rural complex, a combination of small-scale agriculture, villages, and roads contributes to the majority of DD. Industrial drivers such as mining and forestry are far less common, although their impacts on carbon and biodiversity could be more permanent and significant than informal activities. Artisanal forestry is the only driver that is observed to be consistently increasing over time. Our assessment produces information relevant for climate change mitigation which require detailed information on multiple direct drivers to target activities and investments.
Stricture rate in patients after the repair of anorectal malformation following a standardized dilation protocol
Authors: Wehrli Lea A. , Reppucci Marina L. , Ketzer Jill , Torre Luis de la , Peña Alberto , Bischoff Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the stricture rate in patients who underwent a PSARP or PSARVUP and followed a post-operative protocol of anal dilation (Fig. 1).
Methods
A retrospective review of patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) who underwent a primary PSARP or PSARVUP from February 2016 to October 2021 was performed. Data collected included patients’ demographics, type of ARM, age at the time of operation, postoperative complications, with emphasis on whether there were any strictures or any difficulties during dilations, and on follow-up. During the surgical repair, emphasis was placed on preserving the blood supply of the bowel and performing a tension-free bowel-to-skin anastomosis.
Results
Eighty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four patients were females: 21 recto-perineal fistula, 12 cloaca, 9 recto-vestibular fistula, one imperforate anus without fistula, and one patient had a complex anorectal and vaginal malformation with an anal stricture and a rectovaginal fistula. Forty patients were males: 14 recto-perineal fistula, 11 recto-urethral bulbar fistula, 6 recto-urethral prostatic fistula, 6 imperforate anus without fistula, and 2 bladderneck fistula. One patient had an anal stenosis with sacral agenesis, without a presacral mass. Patient ages ranged from 0–79 months (mean 7.5 months, median 5 months) at the time of surgery. Follow-up time ranged from 7–73 months (mean 38 months, median 35 months). No patient suffered of a postoperative anal stricture. Six patients suffered of a rectal prolapse that required a surgical repair.
Conclusion
Post-operative anal stricture after PSARP and PSARVUP can be avoided with proper surgical technique and post-operative care. Namely, by preserving adequate blood supply of the bowel and avoiding tension at the anoplasty, and by adhering to a structured protocol of anal dilations.
Valuation of Rock Mass Classification and Rockfall Geohazard in Abandoned Limestone Quarry for Reclamation
Authors: Hussin Hamzah , Arifin Mohd Hariri , Rusydy Ibnu , Ghani Abdul Fahmi Abdul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The land reclamation of an area classified as geohazard-prone requires a comprehensive geological input before deciding on implementing sustainable and efficient development. The assessment of rock slope for quarry reclamation is crucial because quarry sites are exposed to geohazard events, particularly slope failure and rockfalls. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the stability and potential failure of three rock slopes, namely GG1, GG2, and GG3, at an abandoned limestone quarry site in Kinta Valley, Malaysia. The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Slope Mass Rating (SMR) systems were utilised to assess the rock mass classification, while the rockfall analysis was performed to analyse the trajectory of the rock block. The slope kinematic analysis was also carried out to determine the potential mode of failure. The rockfall scenarios were simulated based on the input data of rock material properties to evaluate the safety aspect of the site for future urban development. The RMR system indicated that the quality of the rock mass was good and very good, while the SMR ranging from moderate to very good. The kinematic stability analysis for three slopes indicated the potential of a wedge, planar, and toppling failure. The analysis of the rockfall trajectory showed that the maximum rolling distance of the rock block was up to 5 m from the toe of the slope. Thus, the study proposed the construction of a buffer zone at least 20 m from the rock slope as a mitigation approach to avoid potential rockfall geohazard.
Expected Risk as basis for assessment of safe use of chemicals
Authors: de Meent Dik van , de Zwart Dick , Struijs Jaap , Hermens Joop L.M. , Straalen Nico M. , Haan Klaas H. , Parsons John R. , de Voogt Pim , Leeuwen Kees 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a straightforward modeling procedure to derive ‘expected risk’ (ER) of chemical substances. Starting from proposed use volumes, intended uses, physical and chemical substance properties and toxicity information,the procedure combines multimedia environmental fate modeling with species sensitivity modeling to derive the probability that exposure concentrations exceed critical effect concentrations. The procedure was tested on 1977 so-called mono-constituent organic chemicals that had been registered to be marketed in the EU, after ‘possibility to be used safely’ had been demonstrated by showing that the possible Risk Quotients (RQ) defined as PEC/PNEC ratios (Predicted Exposure Concentration & Predicted No Effect Concentration) were expected to remain below the value of 1, as required by REACH. It appears from this study that (i) RQ and ER of chemicals can be calculated readily, reliably, transparently and reproducibly, that (ii) both RQand ER can be used to assess whether a new chemical may exceed a chosen acceptability level, and that (iii) ER can be straightforwardly used to rank chemicals according to expected environmental safety. In conclusion, the paper states that modeling ER of chemicals (instead of estimating RQ values), could strengthen the scientific basis of environmental risk assessment for use in REACH.
Environmental multi-hazard assessment and its importance role in land use planning and hazard management
Authors: Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Pouyan Soheila , Bordbar Mojgan , Clague John J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Protection against natural hazards is vital in land-use planning, especially in high-risk areas. Multi-hazard susceptibility maps can be used by land-use manager to guide urban development, so as to minimize the risk of natural disasters. The objective of the present study was to use five machines based on learning methods to produce multi-hazard susceptibility maps in Khuzestan Province, Iran. The first step in the study was to create four different natural hazards (floods, landslides, forest fires, and earthquakes) using support vector machine (SVM), boosted regression tree (BRT), random forest (RF), maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and learning-ensemble techniques. Effective factors used in the study include elevation, slope degree, slope aspect, rainfall, temperature, lithology, land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), wind exposition index (WEI), topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, drainage density, distance from roads, distance from rivers, and distance from villages. The spatial earthquake hazard in the study area was derived from a peak ground acceleration (PGA) susceptibility map. The second step in the study was to combine the model-generated maps of the four hazards in a reliable multi-hazard map. The mean decrease Gini (MDG) method was used to determine the level of importance of each effective factor on the occurrence of landslides, floods, and forest fires. Finally, “area under the curve” (AUC) values were calculated to validate the forest fire, flood, and landslide susceptibility maps and to compare the predictive capability of the machine learning models. The RF model yielded the highest AUC values for the forest fire, flood, and landslide susceptibility maps, specifically, 0.81, 0.85, and 0.94, respectively.
Unsupervised Ensemble Learning Using High-dimensional Spectroscopy Data of Organic Compounds
Authors: He Kedan , Massena Djenerly G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cluster ensemble (CE) is an ensemble learning strategy for unsupervised learning (clustering) that uses a set of clustering solutions to achieve more comprehensive clustering results than traditional single clustering approaches. This meta-learning formalism helps users overcome the dilemma of choosing the appropriate clustering algorithm and parameters for a given data set. Unfortunately, not all clustering solutions in the ensemble contribute to the final data partition. Cluster ensemble selection (CES) aims at selecting a subset from a large library of clustering solutions to form a smaller cluster ensemble that performs as well as or better than the set of all available clustering solutions. In this paper, we investigate four CES methods for the categorization of structurally distinct organic compounds using high-dimensional IR and Raman spectroscopy data. Single quality selection (SQI) forms a subset of the ensemble by selecting the highest quality ensemble members. The Single Quality Selection (SQI) method is used with various quality indices to select subsets by including the highest quality ensemble members. The Bagging method, usually applied in supervised learning, ranks ensemble members by calculating the normalized mutual information (NMI) between ensemble members and consensus solutions generated from a randomly sampled subset of the full ensemble. The hierarchical cluster and select method (HCAS-SQI) uses the diversity matrix of ensemble members to select a diverse set of ensemble members with the highest quality. Furthermore, a combining strategy can be used to combine subsets selected using multiple quality indices (HCAS-MQI) for the refinement of clustering solutions in the ensemble. The IR + Raman hybrid ensemble library is created by merging two complementary “views” of the organic compounds. This inherently more diverse library gives the best full ensemble consensus results. Overall, the Bagging method is recommended because it provides the most robust results that are better than or comparable to the full ensemble consensus solutions.
Bimodal effect of ketamine on neurotrophic factors and inflammatory parameters in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model
Authors: Valvassori Samira S. , Réus Gislaine Z. , Mastella Gustavo A. , Marino Debora P. , Coan Camila , Possamai-Della Taise , Aguiar-Geraldo Jorge M. , Pescador Bruna , Quevedo João , Dal-Pizzol Felipe , Zugno Alexandra Ioppi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies have demonstrated an
important impact of systemic inflammation in the central nervous
system, which could be related to psychiatric disorders’
pathophysiology. Ketamine can have anti-inflammatory proprieties,
but dose-dependently effects need to be studied.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different
doses of ketamine on levels of neurotrophins and inflammatory
cytokines in the brains of rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were submitted to the
cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Thirty days
after the CLP procedure, the rats received an intraperitoneal
injection (i.p.) of ketamine (5, 15, or 25 mg/kg) or saline, once a
day for seven days. The rats were killed 30 minutes after the last
i.p. injection. The frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were
dissected for analysis of IL-1𝛽, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, BDNF, NGF,
NT-3, and GDNF levels.

Results: CLP increased the levels of IL-1𝛽,
IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels in the frontal cortex and/or
hippocampus of rats. Besides, BDNF levels were decreased by CLP in
all structures analyzed. NGF and GDNF were decreased only in the
hippocampus. Ketamine at 5 mg/kg reversed all alterations caused by
CLP and per se increased the levels of BDNF and NGF in the
frontal cortex and/or hippocampus. Ketamine at 15 mg/kg increased
BDNF and NGF levels. In turn, Ketamine at 25mg/kg potentiates the
inflammatory injury on the brain induced by CLP.

Conclusion:We suggest that ketamine could work
differently in a systemic inflammation environment, and caution
needs to be taken depending on the inflammatory history of the
patient.
Comparison of Bowen Technique and Sustained Stretching Technique on Hamstring Flexibility in Asymptomatic Females
Authors: ilyas Hafiza Mahnoor ilyas Hafiza Mahnoor , Sanaullah Muhammad Sanaullah Muhammad , Memon Aamir Gul Memon Aamir Gul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose: The hamstring muscle shortening occurs in normal person which can lead to movement dysfunction. There is a link between limited flexibility and the development of neuromusculoskeletal symptoms. The Bowen technique is used in connective tissue flexibility. This study aimed to determine the effects of the Bowen technique and sustained stretching on improving flexibility of the hamstring muscle in asymptomatic females. Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted, from November 2020 to April 2021 in Mubarak Hospital Sargodha, Pakistan. 44 healthy females were allotted into group A and group B. Group A received Bowen therapy and Group B received sustained stretching technique for three weeks, both groups received these interventions three times per week. The readings were taken at baseline, after the 9th session, and at follow-up. Subjects were asked to come for follow-up after 1 week of the 9th session. Outcome measures included an active knee extension test and sit and reach test.Results: Out of 44 females, 22 were in each of the two groups. The mean age in our study was 28.66±2.787, height was 1.53±0.08, and weight was 54.43±4.88, also 29% of subjects were overweight, and 61% were normal weight based on body mass index. Findings revealed that a statistically significant difference was observed within-group analysis (P<0.001) and in Between-group analyses, no significant difference was observed (P>0.05) with respect to active knee extension and sit and reach test. Conclusion: Both Bowen and sustained stretching techniques were equally effective in improving hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic females. Physiotherapists can use either sustain stretching or Bowen techniques to improve hamstring flexibility.
Fake News Detection in Different Applications: State-of-the-art and Future Directions
Authors: Jolly Aman , Kumar Shailender 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Social media platforms such as Telegram, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Facebook have grown indispensable for information exchange and delivery in recent years. Humans have a tendency to trust any piece of content that circulates on social media without questioning its authenticity or origin. Fascinated people sometimes spread fake news on social media because of its convenience for information sharing. Additionally, it is used for personal advantages, such as amending government policies and defaming eminent personalities. Hence, to avoid the fatal outcome of spreading fake news, different methods are developed for its identification that achieves high accuracy. This paper reviews conventional artificial news detection methods to solve the mentioned issue. The Systematic Literature Review, often known as SLR, is a procedure that assesses review papers connected to detecting fake news. A technique known as unsupervised learning was used for this article review, along with ensemble learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and supervised learning. This methodology's effectiveness is evaluated regarding the precision of the measurements taken. In conclusion, the deep learning model generates practical outputs and outperforms classical machine learning models.
Internalizing Problems as a Mediator for Quality of Life in Emerging Adults with and without Autism. A 10- year longitudinal study
Authors: Andersen Per Normann , Orm Stian , Fossum Ingrid Nesdal , Øie Merete Glenne , Skogli Erik Winther 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Individuals with autism tend to have a reduced quality of life across the lifespan. This reduced quality of life is a result of autism traits, mental distress, and poor person/environment fit. In the present study, we examined the mediating role of internalizing and externalizing problems on the relationship between having an autism diagnosis and perceived quality of life in a longitudinal design.
Methods
There were in total 66 participants in a combined group of emerging adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (mean age 22.2 years), and a group without autism (mean age 20.9 years) prospectively followed for ten years through three assessment waves at 12, 14 and 22 years. Participants filled out the Perceived Quality of Life Questionnaire. Total and indirect effects were tested in serial mediation analysis.
Results
Results revealed a significant effect of autism on quality of life. Internalizing problems at two-year follow-up significantly mediated quality of life in emerging adulthood while externalizing problems did not. The direct effect of autism on quality of life did not reach statistical significance after entering internalizing problems as a mediator.
Conclusion
There is a significant correlation between having autism and poor quality of life; however, this correlation is mediated by adolescent internalizing problems' impact on the current perceived quality of life.
Changes of ecological vegetation in major coal bases in north China
Authors: Hou Xinwei , Liu Lingxia , Li Xiangquan , Wang Zhenxing , Zhang Chunchao , Gao Ming , Ma Jianfei , Fu Changchang , Gui Chunlei , Zuo Xuefeng , Bai ZhanXue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
China has fourteen large coal bases, twelve of which are located in the northern region. After years of coal mining, the ecological vegetation of the coal bases has changed. Taking FVC as the characterization index, typical coal bases in northern China were selected, and the changes of ecological vegetation in major coal bases in northern China were analyzed by trend analysis method and correlation analysis method according to the FVC interpreted by remote sensing. The results show that the spatial and temporal changes of FVC of coal bases in northern China are influenced by both natural and human factors. The Datong River basin of Qilian Mountain coal base is located in the alpine tundra, and from 2000 to 2010, the FVC showed an increasing trend as a whole, and the FVC of the mining area and its surrounding areas decreased; it was influenced by precipitation and temperature regionally, and the mine area and its surroundings were mainly influenced by coal mining. The coal base in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin is located in the Gobi-desert region, and the FVC shows an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2012, which is mainly influenced by natural factors, and the influence of coal mining is smaller and shorter. The Wulanmulun River Basin of Shendong Coal Base is located in the transition zone of Loess Plateau and desert, and the FVC decreased and then increased from 1994 to 2016, it is mainly affected by coal mining, ecological protection measures, precipitation and runoff. The Yanhe Spring Area of Jindong coal base belongs to the northern karst area, and the FVC increases overall from 1996 to 2021, and the vegetation cover of the densely populated area decreases, which is jointly influenced by precipitation, coal seam burial conditions, ecological protection measures and the production and living of the densely populated area. FVC in North China coal base is generally developing well, which is affected by climate warming and humidity change, coal seam burial conditions, coal mining methods, coal mining scale, mine restoration and management, ecological environment protection measures and other factors. The ecological vegetation of coal bases in northern China has gradually evolved from being influenced by natural factors to being influenced by both natural and human factors.
Microbiome V3/V4 gene amplicon profiling in Casuarina root nodules using Illumina Miseq NGS sequencing
Authors: M Narayanasamy. , R Lavania , K Kavinkumar , D Dhanasekaran , N Thajuddin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Actinorhizal plant Casuarina sp. root nodules were gathered from a variety of environments, including hypersaline, saline, estuarine, and terrestrial soil. The bacteriome DNA was extracted from surface sterile root nodules using an adapted high salt method. Using specific primers, the acquired DNA was amplified for the V3-V4 regions' bacteriome marker gene.The amplified PCR genes were sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform's 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing system. In total, we obtained sequence lengths ranging from 430 to 470 bp with sequence numbers ranging from 0 to 150000. The root nodule bacteriome community profiles of Casuarina sp. were disclosed using the QIIME (1.9.1) pipeline, which revealed the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We found 38 OTUs that were abundant in the bacterial community in the root nodules of Casuarina sp. from four different habitats. In all habitats, the abundance of bacteriome communities such as Frankiaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Mycobacteriaceae was obtained at the family level at OTUs. Similarly, at the genus level, at the OUTS abundance of the bacteriome community, Frankia, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium were discovered. In comparison to other habitats, Pantoea is only prominent in hypersaline and estuarine environments. Frankia, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium were found in all habitats; however, with the exception of Pantoea, Frankia is more prevalent in all habitats than the other bacterial communities. As a result, research on the bacteriome of actinorhizal Casuarina root nodules demonstrated the relative abundance of unique bacterial communities such as Pantoea, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans in association with Frankia.