bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Field Study of Effect of Canard Location on Aircraft Aerodynamic Performance
Authors: Dwivedi Yagya Dutta , Anitha Duru , Sastry Y. B. Sudhir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the flow behavior due to three different vertical canard locations on the scaled‐down model aircraft by using tuft flow visualization and boundary layer measurements. The aircraft is fabricated with wing airfoil S1223 modified and canard with N22 airfoil using laser cutting technique. Three different color tufts are pasted in wing and canard at 30%, 60%, and 90%. The assembled model is placed inside the subsonic wind tunnel with flow chord Reynolds number 3.8*106, which corresponds to 35 m s−1 of the flow velocity and zero‐degree angle of attack. The boundary layers are measured at 70% of the wing chord with 00 incidence angle at three different span locations, i.e., 30%, 60%, and 90% of the wingspan with varying vertical canard positions. The results are compared with wing alone and it is found that the high wing and high canard configuration are outperformed by providing minimum velocity gradient and hence minimum skin friction drag. The tuft flow visualization also shows the identical results as the boundary layer measurements results. The aerodynamic performance of the high wing high canard configuration is found to be promising, as the skin friction drag coefficient is found to be minimum.
Perlite Supported Cobalt Oxide Catalyst for a Series of Liquid‐Phase Esterification Reactions
Authors: Goyal Deepti , Saikia Himakshi , Hada Renu , Katara Stuti , Bhatia Anita , Malpani Sakshi Kabra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermally activated perlite‐supported cobalt oxide (Co‐TAP) catalyst has been synthesized via the deposition‐precipitation method. FTIR peaks at around 663 and 565 cm–1 and XRD peaks arise from diffraction of FCC planes of CoO crystals confirm the presence of Co3O4 crystallites on Co‐TAP surface. UV–Vis DRS studies reveal the presence of octahedrally coordinated Co3+ and tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions. EDX analysis of Co‐TAP clearly shows the enhanced percentage of silica and cobalt oxide. All characterization studies suggest the presence of Lewis acidic sites on Co‐TAP which have been utilized in a series of liquid‐phase esterification reactions of benzoic acid with various alcohols over three different reaction media (conventional, microwave, and sonication). The reactions are carried out in one‐pot, single‐step, solvent‐free reaction conditions, and the catalyst is filtered easily, regenerated, and reused up to five reaction cycles with analogous efficiency suggesting that acidic sites of the catalyst remain stable in all reaction mediums. The stability of regenerated Co‐TAP catalyst after the fifth reaction cycle is confirmed by FTIR spectrum which resembles the FTIR of fresh catalyst.
Micromagnetic Simulations of Nanoparticles with Varying Amount of Agglomeration
Authors: Blachowicz Tomasz , Grzybowski Jacek , Ehrmann Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles can be used for medical and other purposes, but can also be integrated in polymeric or other nonmagnetic matrices of diverse shapes, for example, thin‐films or fibers. In the latter case, it may be important how the magnetic nanoparticles are distributed in the matrix, a topic which is often not taken into account when such composites are investigated experimentally or theoretically. Especially for small magnetic nanoparticles of dimensions allowing coherent reversal, the magnetic properties of such polymer/magnet composites can change drastically in the case of agglomerations. Here, a method is suggested to quantify the influence of nanoparticle distributions inside nonmagnetic matrices. By changing the average distance between nanoparticles of varying diameters between highly distributed particles and perfectly packed clusters, different magnetization dynamics can be modeled by micromagnetic simulations. Here, this process is shown for various magnetic materials and diameter distributions of magnetic nano‐spheres and present corresponding micromagnetic simulation results, which underline the importance of taking into account possible magnetic agglomerations in nonmagnetic space.
Optimization of through‐time radial GRAPPA with coil compression and weight sharing
Authors: Ahad James , Cummings Evan , Franson Dominique , Hamilton Jesse , Seiberlich Nicole 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis work proposes principal component analysis (PCA) coil compression and weight sharing to reduce acquisition and reconstruction time of through‐time radial GRAPPA.MethodsThrough‐time radial GRAPPA enables ungated free‐breathing motion‐resolved cardiac imaging but requires a long calibration acquisition and GRAPPA weight calculation time. PCA coil compression reduces calibration data requirements and associated acquisition time, and weight sharing reduces the number of unique GRAPPA weight sets and associated weight computation time. In vivo cardiac data reconstructed with coil compression and weight sharing are compared to a gold standard to demonstrate improvement in calibration acquisition and reconstruction performance with minimal loss of image quality.ResultsCoil compression from 30 physical to 12 virtual coils (90% of signal variance) decreases requisite calibration data by 60%, reducing calibration acquisition time to 6.7 s/slice from 31.5 s/slice reported in original through‐time radial GRAPPA work. Resulting images have small increase in RMS error (RMSE). Reconstruction with a weight sharing factor of 8 results in eight‐fold reduction in GRAPPA weight calculation time with a comparable RMSE to reconstructions with no weight sharing. Optimized parameters for coil compression and weight sharing applied to reconstructions enables images to be collected with a temporal resolution of 66 ms/frame and spatial resolution of 2.34 × 2.34 mm while reducing calibration acquisition time from 34 to 6.7 s, weight calculation time from 200 to 3 s, and weight application time 18 to 5 s.ConclusionCoil compression and weight sharing applied to through‐time radial GRAPPA enables fast free‐breathing ungated cardiac cine without compromising image quality.
Genetic diagnosis of immune dysregulation can lead to targeted therapy for interstitial lung disease: A case series and single center approach
Authors: Wobma Holly , Perkins Ryan , Bartnikas Lisa , Dedeoğlu Fatma , Chou Janet , Vleugels Ruth Ann , Lo Mindy S. , Janssen Erin , Henderson Lauren A. , Whangbo Jennifer , Vargas Sara O. , Fishman Martha , Krone Katie A. , Casey Alicia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, a growing number of monogenic disorders have been described that are characterized by immune dysregulation. A subset of these “primary immune regulatory disorders” can cause severe interstitial lung disease, often recognized in late childhood or adolescence. Patients presenting to pulmonary clinic may have long and complex medical histories, but lack a unifying genetic diagnosis. It is crucial for pulmonologists to recognize features suggestive of multisystem immune dysregulation and to initiate genetic workup, since targeted therapies based on underlying genetics may halt or even reverse pulmonary disease progression. Through such an approach, our center has been able to diagnose and treat a cohort of patients with interstitial lung disease from gene defects that affect immune regulation. Here we present representative cases related to pathogenic variants in three distinct pathways and summarize disease manifestations and treatment approaches. We conclude with a discussion of our perspective on the outstanding challenges for diagnosing and managing these complex life‐threatening and chronic disorders.
Dissipative behavior, residual pattern, and risk assessment of four pesticides and their metabolites during tea cultivation, processing and infusion
Authors: Wu Yangliu , An Quanshun , Hao Xianghong , Li Dong , Zhou Chunran , Zhang Jingbang , Wei Xinlin , Pan Canping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, metabolic products of pesticides have gained much attention due to their substantial characteristics as organic pollutants. So far, the behavior and metabolite levels of pesticide metabolites in crops have not been characterized well. In the present study, four registered pesticides (imidacloprid, diafenthiuron, malathion and chlorothalonil) were applied on tea plants in Fujian and Sichuan to characterize their metabolites residue pattern and dietary risk.ResultsFour pesticides dissipated first‐order kinetics in the fresh tea leaves with the half‐lives of 1.4–3.8 days. Nine metabolites were detected in the fresh tea leaves and green tea after processing. The metabolites residues showed an increasing trend first and then declined after treatment, and reached the maximum near the half‐lives of pesticide. Compared with the parent pesticide, the total residue and acute risk (included the metabolites) increased by 1.7–105.2 times. Some metabolites, especially those whose parent pesticides have high water solubility and low Log Kow, will be more easily transferred to tea infusion.ConclusionPesticides were metabolized rapidly on tea plants after application, but the production of metabolites increased the health risk of tea consumption. These results could provide insights to use the pesticides in tea gardens and risk monitoring after application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) capture in vineyards in relation to climatic factors
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Álvaro , Malvar Rosa Ana , Guerra Marcos , Sanchez‐Maillo Esteban , Peláez Horacio José , Carro‐Huerga Guzmán , Casquero Pedro Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCaptures and seasonal abundance of Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in relation to climatic factors were studied in vineyards between the years 2013 and 2020. Insects captures from vine wood in two Vitis vinifera varieties were evaluated every year by counting the number of insects captured with CROSSTRAP®. The captured insects were grouped (by sex and total) into ranges of 10 days and compared to climatic data (daily average, temperature and rainfall) for each cultivar and year.RESULTSThe capture periods spanned from 1 June and 31 July, with the period from 1 to 30 June having the greatest number of insect captures, as long as weather conditions were favourable, i.e. temperature above 20.00 °C and accumulated rainfall in 10 days lower than 0.40 mm, verified through the analysis of parameter estimates, in which, only the temperature parameter was significantly.CONCLUSIONSThe study provided useful information for the integrated pest management of X. arvicola through mass trapping in vineyards when temperature exceeds 20.00 °C and the accumulated rainfall is less than 0.40 mm in 10 days to obtain peak captures. This is the first quantitative study of X. arvicola control associated with temperature and rainfall in Vitis vinifera. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Classical estimator based modified control charts for phase‐II monitoring in real life
Authors: Jabeen Riffat , Zaka Azam , Khan Kanwal Iqbal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe discuss some classical estimator based modified control charts for phase‐II monitoring in real life. The modification of some existing control charts such as exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and extended exponentially weighted moving average (EEWMA) is proposed and compared for the situation when the assumption of normality is not fulfilled due to some unavoidable factors. We first estimate the shape parameter of power function distribution using percentile estimator and maximum likelihood estimator and then propose EWMA and EEWMA based on these estimators. Monte Carlo simulation studies are used to compare the introduced control charts. The findings will be helpful for the practitioners and statisticians to devise the real‐life solution to the problems.
Gate‐Controlled Quantum Dots Based on 2D Materials
Authors: Jing Fang‐Ming , Zhang Zhuo‐Zhi , Qin Guo‐Quan , Luo Gang , Cao Gang , Li Hai‐Ou , Song Xiang‐Xiang , Guo Guo‐Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2D materials are a family of layered materials exhibiting rich exotic phenomena, such as valley‐contrasting physics. Down to single‐particle level, unraveling fundamental physics and potential applications including quantum information processing in these materials attracts significant research interests. To unlock these great potentials, gate‐controlled quantum dot architectures have been applied in 2D materials and their heterostructures. Such systems provide the possibility of electrical confinement, control, and manipulation of single carriers in these materials. In this review, efforts in gate‐controlled quantum dots in 2D materials are presented. Following basic introductions to valley degree of freedom and gate‐controlled quantum dot systems, the up‐to‐date progress in etched and gate‐defined quantum dots in 2D materials, especially in graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, is provided. The challenges and opportunities for future developments in this field, from views of device design, fabrication scheme, and control technology, are discussed. The rapid progress in this field not only sheds light on the understanding of spin–valley physics but also provides an ideal platform for investigating diverse condensed matter physics phenomena and realizing quantum computation in the 2D limit.
Haemothorax due to intercostal artery injury after thoracentesis
Authors: Chou Chien‐Hong , Hsieh Hong‐Jen 
Published: April 2022

Key messageHaemothorax is a rare complication after thoracentesis. The diagnosis of haemothorax should be considered if there is deterioration in vital signs post‐procedure. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography is a useful diagnostic tool for bleeding source location. Transarterial embolization is a potential method to control bleeding.
A Confinement‐Driven Nucleation Mechanism of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained via Thermal Decomposition in Organic Media
Authors: Cotin Geoffrey , Heinrich Benoît , Perton Francis , Kiefer Céline , Francius Gregory , Mertz Damien , Freis Barbara , Pichon Benoit , Strub Jean‐Marc , Cianférani Sarah , Ortiz Peña Nathalie , Ihiawakrim Dris , Portehault David , Ersen Ovidiu , Khammari Amir , Picher Matthieu , Banhart Florian , Sanchez Clement , Begin‐Colin Sylvie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermal decomposition is a very efficient synthesis strategy to obtain nanosized metal oxides with controlled structures and properties. For the iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis, it allows an easy tuning of the nanoparticle's size, shape, and composition, which is often explained by the LaMer theory involving a clear separation between nucleation and growth steps. Here, the events before the nucleation of iron oxide nanocrystals are investigated by combining different complementary in situ characterization techniques. These characterizations are carried out not only on powdered iron stearate precursors but also on a preheated liquid reaction mixture. They reveal a new nucleation mechanism for the thermal decomposition method: instead of a homogeneous nucleation, the nucleation occurs within vesicle‐like‐nanoreactors confining the reactants. The different steps are: 1) the melting and coalescence of iron stearate particles, leading to “droplet‐shaped nanostructures” acting as nanoreactors; 2) the formation of a hitherto unobserved iron stearate crystalline phase within the nucleation temperature range, simultaneously with stearate chains loss and Fe(III) to Fe(II) reduction; 3) the formation of iron oxide nuclei inside the nanoreactors, which are then ejected from them. This mechanism paves the way toward a better mastering of the metal oxide nanoparticles synthesis and the control of their properties.
Synthesis of MXene and its application for zinc‐ion storage
Authors: Chen Jie , Ding Yubin , Yan De , Huang Juanjuan , Peng Shanglong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince 2020, some new breakthroughs in the field of MXene synthesis scheme such as water‐free etching, HCl‐based hydrothermal etching, halogen etching, and other novel synthesis methods have been proposed. Not only that, the application of MXene in zinc‐ion storage devices has also made great progress in the past 2 years. The understanding of zinc‐ion storage mechanism of MXene has undergone profound changes, and its applications have also become diversified, demonstrating the great potential of MXene for high performance zinc‐ion storage devices. In this review, we have summarized the preparation and synthesis of MXene materials and systematically investigated the progress of MXene in aqueous zinc‐ion storage devices. In particular, for the synthesis of MXene, we added recent reports of conventional synthesis schemes that have been widely reported to help understand their development and combined with recent novel synthesis schemes to provide a distinct partition framework. In addition, for the application of MXene, we discussed the cognitive change of zinc‐ion storage mechanism of MXene and conducted an in‐depth discussion about the design philosophy of MXene and their characteristics. Finally, a comprehensive perspective on the future development of MXene in the synthetic strategy and aqueous zinc‐ion storage applications have been outlined.
Structural changes in Ba‐compounds of different hardness induced by high‐energy ball milling – evidenced by 137Ba NMR and X‐ray powder diffraction
Authors: Zänker Steffen , Scholz Gudrun , Marquardt Julien , Emmerling Franziska 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChanges in the global bulk and local structures, of three different barium compounds (BaZrO3, BaF2, and BaFCl),were induced by mechanical milling and followed using X‐ray powder diffraction (PXRD), subsequent microstructure analysis, and 137Ba solid state NMR spectroscopy. Harder materials like BaZrO3 experience significantly higher structural changes upon milling than softer materials like BaF2. Moreover, soft materials with layered structures, like BaFCl, show a pronounced structural change during the milling process. By combining PXRD and solid state NMR, detailed information on the changes to the global and local structures were obtained, which are of interest for mechanochemical synthesis, mechanically treated catalysts or ionic conductors.
Nonlinear post‐buckling analysis of viscoelastic nano‐scaled beams by nonlocal integral finite element method
Authors: Naghinejad Maysam , Ovesy Hamid Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe viscoelastic buckling and nonlinear post‐buckling behavior of nano‐scaled beams are analyzed using the nonlocal integral elasticity theory. Eringen's nonlocal theory is one of the well‐known and popular size‐dependent theories, which has been used by several researchers to study the mechanical behavior of, mostly, the elastic nanostructures. A finite element method is developed using Hamilton's principle based on the two‐phase nonlocal integral theory and taking into account the buckling related terms and viscoelastic effects. The corresponding formulations are derived by implementing the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model. Furthermore, for analyzing the post‐buckling and viscoelastic buckling behavior, the nonlinear strains, and initial displacement (imperfection) have been considered. By employing the variational relations, the governing equations are obtained and then solved numerically using the finite difference and Newton–Raphson methods. Because of the finite element nature of the current method, various boundary conditions can be properly implemented. The results of the current study are compared with those available in the literature and the effects of nonlocal parameter, viscoelastic parameter, axial compressive load and boundary conditions on the viscoelastic buckling, and postbuckling behavior have been investigated.
Revising inelastic dark matter direct detection by including the cosmic ray acceleration
Authors: Feng Jie-Cheng , Kang Xian-Wei , Lu Chih-Ting , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Zhang Feng-Shou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The null signal from collider and dark matter (DM) direct detector experiments makes the interaction between DM and visible matter too small to reproduce the correct relic density for many thermal DM models. The remaining parameter space indicates that two almost degenerated states in the dark sector, the inelastic DM scenario, can co-annihilate in the early universe to produce the correct relic density. Regarding the direct detection of the inelastic DM scenario, the virialized DM component from the nearby halo is nonrelativistic and not able to excite the DM ground state, even if the relevant couplings can be considerable. Thus, a DM with a large mass splitting can evade traditional virialized DM direct detection. In this study, we connect the concept of cosmic-ray accelerated DM in our Milky Way and the direct detection of inelastic scattering in underground detectors to explore spectra that result from several interaction types of the inelastic DM. We find that the mass splitting $$ \delta <\mathcal{O}\left(1\ \mathrm{GeV}\right) $$
δ
<
O

1

GeV

can still be reachable for cosmic ray accelerated DM with mass range 1 MeV <$$ {m}_{\chi_1} $$

m

χ
1

< 100 GeV and sub-GeV light mediator using the latest PandaX-4T data, even though we conservatively use the astrophysical parameter (effective length) Deff = 1 kpc.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: Die Lotsenfunktion des Dermatologen
Authors: Burghaus Jana , Schneiderbauer Roland , Toberer Ferdinand 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungCharakteristische Hautveränderungen führen zu der Diagnose eines Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Das PXE repräsentiert eine ektope Mineralisationsstörung, welche primär die Haut, die Augen und das arterielle Gefäßsystem betrifft. Eine frühzeitige Diagnosestellung ist entscheidend für die rechtzeitige Behandlung von extrakutanen Komplikationen. Wir verdeutlichen die Lotsenfunktion der Dermatologen und Dermatologinnen anhand einer Serie von vier unabhängigen Fällen eines PXE mit pathognomonischen Hautveränderungen und einem weiten Spektrum an systemischen Komplikationen.
A study on beam-to-column moment-resisting timber connections under service load, comparing full-scale connection testing and mock-up frame assembly
Authors: Vilguts Aivars , Nesheim Sveinung Ørjan , Stamatopoulos Haris , Malo Kjell Arne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new timber frame structural system consisting of continuous columns, prefabricated hollow box timber decks and beam-to-column moment-resisting connections is investigated. The hollow box timber decks allow long spans with competitive floor height and efficient material consumption. To achieve long spans, semi-rigid connections at the corners of deck elements are used to join the columns to the deck elements. In the present paper, experimental investigations of a semi-rigid moment-resisting connection and a mock-up frame assembly are presented. The semi-rigid connection consists of inclined screwed-in threaded rods and steel coupling parts, connected with friction bolts. Full-scale moment-resisting timber connections were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading to quantify rotational stiffness, energy dissipation and moment resistance. The mock-up frame assembly was tested under cyclic lateral loading and with experimental modal analysis. The lateral stiffness, energy dissipation, rotational stiffness of the connections and the eigen frequencies of the mock-up frame assembly were quantified based on the experimental tests in combination with a Finite Element model, i.e., the model was validated with experimental results from the rotational stiffness tests of the beam-to-column connections. Finally, the structural damping measured with experimental modal analysis was evaluated and compared with FE model using the material damping of timber parts and equivalent viscous damping of the moment-resisting connections.