bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Carbon Black Dosage and Type on the Fatigue Failure Characteristics of Rubber Materials
Authors: Song Shilong , Wang Qiang , Wang Haoxiang , Sun Xuehong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of carbon black dosage and type on the fatigue failure characteristics of natural rubber (NR) materials. By conducting tests on fatigue life, fracture energy density, and tensile fatigue curves across rubber samples with varying carbon black dosages and types, and complementing these with scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the fracture surface microstructure, we reveal the influence of carbon black particle size and structure on the fatigue life of rubber. The results indicate that the amount of carbon black filler significantly affects the fatigue life and fracture energy density of the rubber; higher filler content is associated with reduced fatigue performance. Smaller carbon black particles, due to their propensity to entangle during processing, exhibit poorer dispersion. Furthermore, carbon blacks of different particle sizes and structural degrees display distinct failure modes within the rubber matrix. Notably, N375, characterized by a relatively moderate particle size and structure, markedly enhances the rubber's fatigue resistance. By establishing a model of the rubber fatigue failure process, this research elucidates the evolving mechanisms of filler particles, micro‐defects, and the internal structure of the rubber during fatigue, thereby providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the fatigue life of rubber materials.
Effect of Silica Fillers on Epoxy–Imidazole Curing Reaction
Authors: Furushima Yoshitomo , Hirano Takayuki , Naka Keiji , Taguchi Yoshihiko , Ohkawa Tomohiro , Torigoe Hirofumi , Takao Tomoya , Takase Atsushi , Nousou Tatsuki , Ishikawa Yuki , Ishii Kenji 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT(Epoxy–imidazole thermosetting resins exhibit a complex reaction mechanism involving two concurrent processes when heated: exothermic addition polymerization and endothermic reactions, during which the catalyst, imidazole, is regenerated. Thus, the relationship between conversion (defined by enthalpy change) and glass transition temperature varies with curing conditions. Herein, we investigate the effects of fillers on the properties of complex epoxy–imidazole systems. Fast scanning calorimetry reveals that the reaction rate in the samples with filler is delayed. Molecular dynamics simulations show that epoxy groups localize near the OH groups on the filler surface, supporting the interpretation that the addition reaction is suppressed by the formation of epoxy‐imidazole intermediate adducts. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry reveals the formation of short‐length linear chain structures in the early stages of the curing reaction for the filler‐containing sample. This behavior is similar to that observed in the non‐filler system, as reported in a previous study, indicating that the reaction mechanism is preserved in the filler‐containing system. This study provides valuable insights into the epoxy–imidazole reaction mechanism, thereby paving the way for further development of the material and promoting its industrial applications).
The influence of the substrate to inoculum ratio, species variations and biomass density on the ultimate methane potential of 13 tropical and subtropical grasses
Authors: Yard Nandi L. , Holder Nikolai D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn a previous paper, we investigated the methane potential of numerous tropical and subtropical species of grasses and calculated their methane yield per unit mass (specific methane potential). In this article, we evaluate those grasses based on their methane yield per unit area, allowing for a quick estimation of a field of grass or grasses, based on a simple assessment of the grass type(s) and area of the field. The grasses presented are some of the major grasses found in tropical and subtropical regions. The results also show that there is no correlation between the specific methane potential and the methane yield per unit area, highlighting the importance of considering the yield per unit area as an important parameter for the biomethane potential of energy crops.
Case–Control Study of Congenital Anomalies: Study Methods and Nonresponse Bias Assessment
Authors: Eng Amanda , Mannetje Andrea 't , Ellison‐Loschmann Lis , Borman Barry , Cheng Soo , Lawlor Deborah A. , Douwes Jeroen , Pearce Neil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo describe the methods of a congenital anomalies case–control study conducted in New Zealand, discuss the encountered methodological difficulties, and evaluate the potential for nonresponse bias.MethodsThe potential cases (n = 2710) were New Zealand live births in 2007–2009 randomly selected from the New Zealand Congenital Anomalies Registry. The potential controls (n = 2989) included live births identified from the Maternity and Newborn Information System, frequency matched to cases by the child's year of birth and sex. Mothers were invited to complete an interview covering demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Response probabilities for case and control mothers were evaluated in relation to maternal age, deprivation, occupation, and ethnicity, available from the Electoral Roll, and inverse probability weights (IPWs) for participation were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for key demographic and selected risk factors were estimated through unconditional logistic regression, with and without IPW.ResultsA total of 652 (24%) of case mothers and 505 (17%) of control mothers completed the interview. Younger and more deprived mothers were underrepresented among the participants, particularly for controls, resulting in inflated ORs of associations with congenital anomalies for younger age, Māori ethnicity, deprivation, and risk factors under study, such as blue‐collar occupations and smoking, indicative of nonresponse bias. Nonresponse bias was minimized through IPW, resulting in ORs and exposure prevalence estimates similar to those based on the prerecruitment sample.ConclusionsAttaining high participation rates was difficult in this study that was conducted in new mothers, particularly for the controls. The resulting nonresponse bias was minimized through IPW.
Evaluation of the reliability and internal consistency of the child eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ) in spanish schoolchildren and its association with obesity
Authors: García Andrea Calderón , Pedrero‐Tomé Roberto , Alaminos‐Torres Ana , López‐Ejeda Noemí , Sánchez Álvarez María , Martínez Consuelo Prado , Martínez Álvarez Jesús Román , Serrano María Dolores Marrodán 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionCertain behavioral traits increase the risk of obesity at early ages. Exploring patterns of eating behavior in schoolchildren using tools like the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) is crucial for obesity prevention and intervention. Before this study, the CEBQ had been validated in various languages, including Spanish, but only in preschool‐aged children, despite its previous use in various studies in the Spanish language and population. The objective is to assess the reliability and internal consistency of the CEBQ questionnaire applied to a sample of Spanish schoolchildren and to explore the association between eating behavior assessed through the CEBQ and nutritional status based on BMI.MethodsParents or guardians of 283 Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–16 years completed the Spanish version of the CEBQ questionnaire. Factor analyses were conducted on all CEBQ items, and differences between genders and age groups were examined. Correlations between children's BMI Z‐scores and eating behaviors were analyzed through linear regression.ResultsThe factor analysis revealed that the CEBQ is suitable in its original structure of eight subscales translated into Spanish, demonstrating adequate reliability and acceptable correlations between subscales. Gender appears to have minimal influence on eating behavior. However, with increasing age, schoolchildren tend to eat more quickly and are less fussy about food (SE [slowness in eating] [p = 0.012] and FF [food fussiness] [p = 0.012] decrease). Positive associations were found between BMI Z‐scores and all pro‐eating dimension subscales, while negative associations were identified with all antieating dimension subscales (p < 0.05) except EUE (emotional undereating) (p = 0.106).ConclusionsThe CEBQ is a valid psychometric tool that can be reliably used to assess eating behavior characteristics in Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–16 years.
Outcomes of Stenting in Atypical Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Patients With Transverse Sinus Stenosis
Authors: Song Shuang , Guan Zhongao , Wang Shuran , Gan Yawen , Chen Fangguang , He Jie , Tu Ketao , Miao Zhongrong , Tong Xu , Mo Dapeng , Pang Ke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground:Venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as a novel treatment option for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with transverse sinus stenosis (TSS). However, the efficacy of stenting in atypical IIH patients (body mass index [BMI] < 24 kg/m2, ≥ 50 years of age, or male) has not been fully investigated.Methods:The data of IIH + TSS patients who experienced conventional medical treatment failure and received VSS treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in China between May 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed in a prospectively maintained database. Baseline characteristics and periprocedural features were collected, and follow‐up clinical outcomes (intracranial pressure [ICP], stent‐adjacent stenosis, and symptoms and ophthalmic improvements) were compared between typical and atypical patients.Results:Data were available for 24 IIH + VSS patients. The median age was 37 years, and 95.8% were female. There were 9/24 atypical patients (37.5%). At baseline, atypical patients had milder visual field defects than typical patients did, as reflected by the mean deviation (MD) of the worse eye (median of −3.08 decibel (dB) vs. −7.63 dB, p = 0.027). Periprocedurally, 1–2 carotid self‐expandable stents with 7–9 mm in length and 40–50 mm in diameter were deployed at the site of the TSS. The median follow‐up duration was 12 months (range 8–22 months). At the last visit of follow‐up, stenting intervention significantly decreased the ICP and grade of papilledema and improved the best corrected visual acuity in the worse eye and MD in the fellow eye in both typical and atypical patients. The clinical outcomes of typical and atypical IIH + TSS patients were not significantly different, except that the MD of the worse eye in the atypical group was greater than that in the typical group (−1.33 dB vs. −5.31 dB, p = 0.001).Conclusions:This study indicates a considerable proportion of atypical IIH cases among IIH + TSS patients with conventional medical treatment failure. Moreover, VSS seems to be an effective and safe therapeutic modality for atypical IIH + TSS.
When Copper Meets Autoimmunity: A Rare Coexistence of Wilson's Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bhagoowani Suresh , Devi Uooja , Munir Aqsa , Hasnain Ummulkiram , Khan Saad , Iqbal Javed , Akhtar Tehseen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Wilson's disease (WD) is exceedingly rare, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical presentations. Neurological and psychiatric manifestations commonly associated with WD can obscure or mimic symptoms of other systemic diseases, complicating accurate diagnosis and management. We report the case of a 17‐year‐old female diagnosed with WD and concurrent SLE, treated at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The patient initially presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms typical of WD, confirmed by diagnostic findings indicative of hepatic copper accumulation. She later developed significant proteinuria, hematuria, fever, and positive autoimmune serologies, raising suspicion of concurrent SLE. Despite therapeutic interventions, including methylprednisolone (1 mg), the patient's condition deteriorated, and she unfortunately succumbed to complications from a blood transfusion reaction. This case underscores the importance of heightened clinical vigilance when managing overlapping presentations of WD and systemic autoimmune disorders like SLE. Early recognition of WD‐specific neurological and psychiatric symptoms is critical for timely diagnosis and intervention, potentially mitigating the risk of severe complications and poor outcomes.
A Sternal Fracture Associated With Cervical Spinal Fracture
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSternal injuries are caused by two mechanisms: direct and indirect forces on the sternum. An indirect sternum fracture is usually caused by a forcible anteflexion of the spine. When a patient with back bruising complains of anterior chest pain, a sternal fracture should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Eumycetoma of the Foot in a 70‐Year‐Old Male Farmer
Authors: Khan Allahdad , Masood Saad , Kamal Aseel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClinicians should consider eumycetoma, actinomycotic mycetoma, and skin cancers in patients from tropical or subtropical regions who present with painless swelling and discharging sinuses. The early histopathology, microbiological studies in conjunction with imaging, are of critical importance in narrowing the differential and starting appropriate treatment to prevent complications and deformities.
Successful Use of Caffeine Citrate for Neonate With Bronchiolitis‐Related Apnea: Case Report and Clinical Insights
Authors: Alfraij Abdulla , Aboalazm Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo date, there is no clear evidence supporting the use of caffeine therapy in bronchiolitis‐related apnea in pediatric intensive care units. Generalizing the approach for all bronchiolitis cases could be behind this limitation of the evidence. Here, we report a successful use of caffeine citrate for a neonate with bronchiolitis‐related apnea. Understanding the limitations of case reports, we think being a neonate diagnosed with bronchiolitis‐related apnea without respiratory distress, on top of a prematurity background, might be the key characteristic for this successful use.
Quantifying the Impact of Oxidative Treatments on Electrode Overpotentials in the All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Bachman Ridge M. , Samora Owuor Peter , Khan Abdullah , Hall Derek M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite the commercialization of flow batteries, little is known about how much electrode treatment methods affect individual electrode overpotential contributions. Thermal oxidation is one of the most common electrode treatment methods in literature, which has increased the energy efficiencies of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) by 10 to 20 % depending on their operating current density. However, it is unclear how much electrode overpotential remains after these treatments, which is critical to identifying viable pathways for further improvement. Herein, we demonstrate how membrane‐based reference electrodes provide an opportunity to examine individual electrode overpotentials during operation to gain deeper insights into their role in battery performance. Without oxidative treatments, negative electrode overpotential contributions range from 150 to 250 mV depending on the operating current density, overshadowing positive electrode contributions. Use of oxidative treatment reduced negative electrode contributions by nearly 50 % percent from their initial values but marginally increased positive electrode overpotential values. Treating the negative electrode while leaving the positive electrode untreated resulted in the best performance observed but still had 150 to 300 mV of electrode overpotentials remaining, suggesting that additional electrode improvements can still provide significant gains in energy efficiency.
A Case Series and Literature Review on Zanubrutinib Therapy for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ding Bingjie , Li Mengjuan , Liu Liu , Song Xuewen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xia Ao , Liu Jingyuan , Zhou Hu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease characterised by low platelet count. Treatment discontinuation or heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of ITP heightens the occurrence of relapsed or refractory ITP. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has emerged as a promising target for autoimmune disorders.CaseIn this case series, we have explored the efficacy and safety of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) in treating relapsed/refractory ITP, by retrospective analysis of the diagnostic history and efficacy of four patients with relapsed/refractory ITP who attended the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and were treated with BTKi. All four patients received > 4 lines of ITP treatment and did not respond to splenectomy or other interventions before and after treatment with BTK inhibitor. After adjusting to the treatment with BTKi, one patient achieved a complete response, and two patients achieved a partial response. All three patients achieved sustained remission with platelet counts of > 50 × 109/L maintained for 1045, 390 and 334 days, respectively. Another patient died of intracranial haemorrhage due to a decline in the platelet count after discontinuation of the drug, and the duration of sustained remission before discontinuation of the drug was 120 days. Four patients had no significant abnormalities in the functions of the liver and kidney monitored during the treatment period.ConclusionFor patients with relapsed/refractory ITP, BTK inhibitor therapy can be considered as an option, with promising preliminary efficacy and safety. However, more clinical trials are needed to verify the exact data.
User Scheduling With Limited Feedback for Multi‐Cell MU‐Massive MIMO FDD Networks Deployment: From Performance Tradeoff Perspective
Authors: Sabat Dukhishyam , Pattanayak Prabina , Kumar Akhilesh , Prasad Ganesh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFeedback of channel state information (CSI) from users to base station (BS) is very vital for efficient user scheduling (US) in frequency division duplexing (FDD)–based massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (mMIMO) systems. The feedback overhead is one of the major bottlenecks for multi‐user (MU) mMIMO systems as it increases with number of antennas and users. In the multicellular scenario, each and every BS schedules appropriate set of users based on the limited CSI feedback received from the users for achieving better throughput and fairness which are the prime objectives for such communication systems. To achieve the higher throughput, better fairness, and better scheduling gain with the least CSI, in this article, user grouping–based scheduling (UGS) strategy for multi‐cell MU mMIMO FDD system is considered. The proposed UGS scheme achieves a better trade‐off between the two prime objectives, that is, throughput and fairness. Moreover, hybrid precoding architecture is also used for this system as practically radio frequency (RF) chains are usually less in number to support less implementation complexity and budget. Our approach utilizes the angle of departure (AoD)–based adaptive codebook for controlling the amount of feedback. The variation of AoD is slow in nature as compared to path gains of the channel, which controls the feedback overhead. The proposed UGS using AoD codebook with limited channel feedback involves determining the beamspace path co‐ordinates of each user from the AoD information fed back by users and then group the users into sets based on the AoD CSI. Specifically, UGS scheme is applied to reduce inter‐user and inter‐group interferences. By integrating an AoD adaptive subspace codebook with a hybrid precoding architecture and focusing on the dual objectives of maximizing throughput and fairness, we offer a novel solution that addresses the key challenges of inter‐cell interference and limited CSI feedback. The numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed UGS scheme for fifth generation and beyond wireless networks deployment.
Improving the Performance of Wireless Signal Recognition Using Dimensionality Reduction–Based Classifiers for Low SNR Signals
Authors: M. Neema , Gopi E. S. , Govardhan Reddy Manavapati 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFuture communication networks face the predicament of scarce spectrum resources in order to accommodate the exponential proliferation of heterogeneous wireless devices. The significance of wireless signal recognition (WSR) is steadily growing, especially concerning spectrum monitoring, spectrum management, and secure communications, among other crucial domains. Numerous techniques for conducting WSR were presented in the literature; however, the majority of them demonstrate limited efficacy in low SNR scenarios. This work proposes a dimensionality reduction (DR)–based machine learning classifier (DR‐MLC) that simultaneously performs modulation and signal classification in heterogenous waveform scenarios. Additionally, the model employs a projection technique (PT) for noise removal in input data. The proposed framework is the first of its kind in the wireless signal processing domain and its performance is extensively evaluated in low SNR conditions using DR techniques including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and kernel LDA (KLDA) in combination with various machine learning techniques such as support vector machine (SVM), ‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and nearest mean (NM) methods. The publicly available RadComDynamic dataset is utilized for the experiment. The paper demonstrates the improvement in classification accuracy of the proposed model over the reference architectures taken, specifically in low SNR scenarios for both single and dual classification tasks.
Owl Pellet Content Analysis Proves an Effective Technique to Monitor a Population of Threatened Julia Creek Dunnarts (Sminthopsis douglasi) Throughout a Native Rodent Plague
Authors: Charley Cameron L. , Gray Emma L. , Baker Andrew M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLogistical, environmental and temporal considerations can limit the effectiveness of long‐term live trapping for small mammals in remote environments. Owl pellet content analysis offers a low‐cost, non‐invasive alternative to live trapping, as it is generally reflective of prey abundance within the broader small mammal community. One species to which this detection technique could be readily applied is the threatened Australian dasyurid, the Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi. Most population information is outdated, and the species is notoriously difficult to monitor. Here, we aimed to monitor S. douglasi and other small terrestrial vertebrates over time and in relation to a native long‐haired rat (Rattus villosissimus) plague, assessing their occurrence as dietary items in eastern barn owl (Tyto javanica delicatula) pellets collected at Toorak, north‐west Queensland, Australia. A total of 1007 individual vertebrates were identified from 706 barn owl pellets spanning 3 present‐day collections (2023–2024), with further analysis incorporating a prior published historical dataset (1994–2001, 210 pellets). We demonstrated a shift in Toorak small mammal community structure both over time and in response to an active R. villosissimus plague. Despite declines across present‐day pellet collections, S. douglasi was always detected in high abundance, peaking at 30.75% of all individuals. Cumulative probability of detection indicated that analysis of owl pellets was highly effective at detecting S. douglasi (within 20 pellets) despite the ongoing rodent plague, which has undermined the effectiveness of parallel live trapping efforts across the region. Owl pellet analysis is thus an effective methodology for rapidly assessing S. douglasi populations and should be incorporated into both S. douglasi and other small mammal species monitoring regimes.