bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological design of strain sensing nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Long , Chiang Wei-Hung , Loh Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh-performance piezoresistive nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention because of their significant potential as next-generation sensing devices for a broad range of applications, such as monitoring structural integrity and human performance. While various piezoresistive nanocomposites have been successfully developed using different material compositions and manufacturing techniques, current development procedures typically involve empirical trial and error that can be laborious, inefficient, and, most importantly, unpredictable. Therefore, this paper proposed and validated a topological design-based methodology to strategically manipulate the piezoresistive effect of nanocomposites to achieve a wide range of strain sensitivities without changing the material system. In particular, patterned nanocomposite thin films with stress-concentrating and stress-releasing topologies were designed. The strain sensing properties of the different topology nanocomposites were characterized and compared via electromechanical experiments. Those results were compared to both linear and nonlinear piezoresistive material model numerical simulations. Both the experimental and simulation results indicated that the stress-concentrating topologies could enhance strain sensitivity, whereas the stress-releasing topologies could significantly suppress bulk film piezoresistivity.
Mycobiota composition and changes across pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Authors: Ferrocino Ilario , Ponzo Valentina , Pellegrini Marianna , Goitre Ilaria , Papurello Matteo , Franciosa Irene , D’Eusebio Chiara , Ghigo Ezio , Cocolin Luca , Bo Simona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe gut mycobiota has never been studied either during pregnancy or in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM). This study aimed to analyze the fecal mycobiota of GDM patients during the second (T2) and third (T3) trimester of pregnancy and to compare it with the mycobiota of pregnant normoglycemic women (controls). Forty-one GDM patients and 121 normoglycemic women were studied. GDM mycobiota was composed almost exclusively by the Ascomycota phylum; Basidiomicota accounted for 43% of the relative frequency of the controls. Kluyveromyces (p < 0.001), Metschnikowia (p < 0.001), and Pichia (p < 0.001) showed a significantly higher frequency in GDM patients, while Saccharomyces (p = 0.019), were more prevalent in controls. From T2 to T3, a reduction in fungal alpha diversity was found in GDM patients, with an increase of the relative frequency of Candida, and the reduction of some pro-inflammatory taxa. Many associations between fungi and foods and nutrients were detected. Finally, several fungi and bacteria showed competition or co-occurrence. Patients with GDM showed a predominance of fungal taxa with potential inflammatory effects when compared to normoglycemic pregnant women, with a marked shift in their mycobiota during pregnancy, and complex bacteria-fungi interactions.
Coral fluorescence: a prey-lure in deep habitats
Authors: Ben-Zvi Or , Lindemann Yoav , Eyal Gal , Loya Yossi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluorescence is highly prevalent in reef-building corals, nevertheless its biological role is still under ongoing debate. This feature of corals was previously suggested to primarily screen harmful radiation or facilitate coral photosynthesis. In mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; 30-150 m depth) corals experience a limited, blue-shifted light environment. Consequently, in contrast to their shallow conspecifics, they might not be able to rely on photosynthates from their photosymbionts as their main energy source. Here, we experimentally test an alternative hypothesis for coral fluorescence: a prey-lure mechanism for plankton. We show that plankton exhibit preferential swimming towards green fluorescent cues and that compared to other morphs, higher predation rates are recorded in a green fluorescing morph of the mesophotic coral Euphyllia paradivisa. The evidence provided here - that plankton are actively attracted to fluorescent signals - indicates the significant role of fluorescence in amplifying the nutritional sink adjacent to coral reefs.
Liquid-liquid phase separation reduces radiative absorption by aged black carbon aerosols
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Yuanyuan , Teng Xiaomi , Liu Lei , Xu Yisheng , Ren Lihong , Shi Zongbo , Zhang Yue , Jiang Jingkun , Liu Dantong , Hu Min , Shao Longyi , Chen Jianmin , Martin Scot T. , Zhang Xiaoye , Li Weijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlack carbon aerosols absorb radiation and their absorptive strength is influenced by particle mixing structures and coating compositions. Liquid-liquid phase separation can move black carbon to organic particle coatings which affects absorptive capacity, but it is unclear which conditions favour this redistribution. Here we combine field observations, laboratory experiments, and transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate that liquid-liquid phase separation redistributes black carbon from inorganic particle cores to organic coatings under a wide range of relative humidity. We find that the ratio of organic coating thickness to black carbon size influences the redistribution. When the ratio is lower than 0.12, over 90% of black carbon is inside inorganic salt cores. However, when the ratio exceeds 0.24, most black carbon is redistributed to organic coatings, due to a change in its affinity for inorganic and organic phases. Using an optical calculation model, we estimate that black carbon redistribution reduces the absorption enhancement effect by 28–34%. We suggest that climate models assuming a core-shell particle structure probably overestimate radiative absorption of black carbon aerosols by approximately 18%.
Generative aptamer discovery using RaptGen
Authors: Iwano Natsuki , Adachi Tatsuo , Aoki Kazuteru , Nakamura Yoshikazu , Hamada Michiaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNucleic acid aptamers are generated by an in vitro molecular evolution method known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Various candidates are limited by actual sequencing data from an experiment. Here we developed RaptGen, which is a variational autoencoder for in silico aptamer generation. RaptGen exploits a profile hidden Markov model decoder to represent motif sequences effectively. We showed that RaptGen embedded simulation sequence data into low-dimensional latent space on the basis of motif information. We also performed sequence embedding using two independent SELEX datasets. RaptGen successfully generated aptamers from the latent space even though they were not included in high-throughput sequencing. RaptGen could also generate a truncated aptamer with a short learning model. We demonstrated that RaptGen could be applied to activity-guided aptamer generation according to Bayesian optimization. We concluded that a generative method by RaptGen and latent representation are useful for aptamer discovery.
Differenzialdiagnose der zervikalen Myelitis
Authors: Weidauer Stefan , Arendt Christophe 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie breite Differenzialdiagnose intradural bedingter zervikaler Myelopathien umfasst neben entzündlichen und infektiösen Ursachen auch vaskuläre, metabolische, neoplastische und hereditär degenerative Erkrankungen. Die spinale Bildgebung hat daher auch im Hinblick auf eine frühzeitige und zielgerichtete Therapie eine zentrale Stellung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden typische Krankheitsbilder und Differenzialdiagnosen dargestellt.
Koronare CT in der klinischen Praxis: Indikation, Patientenmanagement, Befundung
Authors: Langenbach Marcel C. , Foldyna Borek , Maintz David , Nähle Class P. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungNicht zuletzt basierend auf der 2019er-ESC-Leitlinie des chronischen Koronarsyndroms hat die koronare CT als nicht invasives Verfahren in der Diagnostik einer obstruktiven koronaren
Herzerkrankung zunehmenden Stellenwert in der klinischen Praxis erlangt. Die Grundlagen, Indikationsstellung wie auch Durchführung und Befundung der koronaren CT – Themen dieses Beitrags –
sind daher wichtig wie nie in der täglichen Routine.
Immune Thrombocytopenia: Characteristics of the Population and Treatment Methods—One-Center Experience
Authors: Lebowa Weronika , Zdziarska Joanna , Sacha Tomasz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease with variable clinical presentation, requiring different treatment lines.
Aim The study aimed to characterize a group of ITP patients in terms of clinical picture and disease treatment, as well as to present the current standard of care of ITP in Poland, in the context of local and international guidelines.
Materials and Methods The study included adult patients diagnosed with ITP, treated at the Department of Haematology of the Jagiellonian University Hospital in Krakow from January 2006 to January 2021. Patient characteristics, clinical manifestation of ITP, and treatment methods were analyzed.
Results A total of 245 ITP patients were included. 57.1% of them were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Most common symptoms were thrombocytopenic purpura (68.2%), followed by epistaxis (34.7%) and gum bleeds (19.2%). Life-threatening bleedings were noted in three cases (1.2%). 23.2% of patients did not require treatment. Prednisone was the most commonly used first-line therapy (75.5% of patients). Treatment with eltrombopag and romiplostim was used in 40.4 and 8.5% of patients requiring second-line therapy, respectively. 14.3% of all patients ultimately underwent splenectomy, including 51.5% of those who needed second-line treatment. The initial response rate was 74.3%; however, post-splenectomy relapses occurred in 22.9% of patients.
Conclusions ITP is a disease of mild clinical course, often asymptomatic. Chronic disease often requires multiple treatment lines and balancing between bleeding risk and treatment toxicity, based on individual risk–benefit assessment. Local access restrictions to thrombopoietin receptor agonists determined the treatment strategy.
Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf in der Medizin: vom
großen Wunsch und wenig Berücksichtigung
Authors: Sorg Heiko , Bagheri Mahsa , Ehlers Jan , Hauser Jörg , Tilkorn Daniel Johannes , Leifeld Irini Helena , Fuchs PaulChristian , Sorg Christian Günter Georg 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Familienleben und die Berufsausübung sind
für junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte hohe Güter.
Entsprechend ist eine gute Vereinbarkeit beider Lebensbereiche wichtig. Trotz
seit Jahren gegebener politischer Rahmenbedingungen und gesetzlicher
Ansprüche, scheint die Umsetzung gerade in der Medizin nicht einfach zu
sein und mit großen Vorbehalten und Problemen der Beteiligten
verbunden.
Methodik Mittels einer Online-Befragung wurde der medizinische Mittelbau
aus universitären und peripheren Krankenhäusern zu Themen rund
um Familie, Kinder und berufsbiographischen sowie karriererelevanten Themen
befragt und anschließend genderspezifisch analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die Studienteilnehmenden waren zu 65,1% verheiratet und
hatten bereits Kinder bzw. äußerten einen Kinderwunsch
(86,0%). Die meisten waren in Vollzeit (80,8%)
beschäftigt. Der überwiegende Anteil der
Teilzeitbeschäftigten war weiblich (87,4%). Bei 34,6%
lag eine zeitliche Unterbrechung von 18,5±21,3 Monate in der Karriere
vor, welche zu 87,8% aufgrund von Schwangerschaft oder Kindern genommen
wurden. Ärztinnen nehmen im Allgemeinen deutlich mehr Elternzeit in
Anspruch als Ärzte (6–12 Monate: Frauen 62,2%;
Männer 22,4%; 12 Monate und mehr: Frauen 25,2%;
Männer 6,6%). Die Familienplanung wird durch Vorgesetzte nur
wenig unterstützt (21,2% viel bis sehr viel
Unterstützung) und 45,6% geben an, Probleme mit deren
Rückkehr in den Beruf bzw. dem beruflichen Weiterkommen erlebt zu haben.
Bei knapp 60% der Teilnehmenden bestehen im eigenen Krankenhaus keine
spezifischen Arbeitszeitmodelle für Mitarbeitende mit
betreuungspflichtigen Kindern.
Schlussfolgerung Für die Umsetzung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie
und Beruf bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten sind in erster Linie
Änderungen auf Seiten des Unternehmens notwendig. Zusätzlich
müssen die jeweiligen Vorgesetzten umdenken, um eine Parallelisierung
dieser beiden Lebensbereiche ihrer Mitarbeitenden zu ermöglichen. Jedoch
müssen auch die jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte ihre Sicht
auf dieses Thema überdenken. Nur die reine Forderung zur
Veränderung arbeitsrechtlicher Umstände bei Fortführung
traditioneller Familienkonstellationen zu Hause, scheint diesem Thema in der
heutigen Zeit nicht mehr gerecht zu werden.
Aufbau der Präventionskette Freiham aus Sicht des
Steuerungsgremiums: Eine qualitative Interviewstudie mit Sozialer
Netzwerkanalyse
Authors: Schöttle Anika , Coenen Michaela , Rehfuess Eva Annette , Kaiser Birgit , Wiedemann Christine , Pfadenhauer Lisa M. 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im neu entstehenden Stadtteil Freiham in München plant
und implementiert die Stadt München zeitgleich mit dem Bezug des
Stadtteils eine Präventionskette als integrierte kommunale Strategie.
Ziel der „Präventionskette Freiham“ ist es, von Anfang
an gesunde Aufwachsbedingungen für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen zu
schaffen. Zur Steuerung wurde auf Stadtverwaltungsebene ein
referatsübergreifendes Gremium gebildet. Ziel der Studie ist es, dieses
Gremium hinsichtlich seiner Strukturen, Prozesse und Zusammenarbeit mit
vielfältigen Agierenden zu untersuchen.
Methoden Die Studie kombinierte eine qualitative Interviewstudie mit
Methoden der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse (SNA). Von März bis April 2018
wurden leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit den Mitgliedern der
Begleitgruppe durchgeführt und dabei egozentrierte, soziale
Netzwerkkarten erstellt. Die Auswertung der Transkripte erfolgte qualitativ auf
Grundlage der Inhaltsanalyse nach Margrit Schreier. Die Netzwerkkarten wurden
ebenfalls qualitativ ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse visualisiert. Die Ergebnisse
wurden den Studienteilnehmenden in einem Workshop im Juni 2018 vorgestellt,
gemeinsam interpretiert und validiert.
Ergebnisse Es nahmen zehn Mitglieder der Begleitgruppe an der Studie teil.
Die referatsübergreifende, multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der
Begleitgruppe wurde von allen Beteiligten als gewinnbringend bewertet.
Darüber hinaus wurde die externe Koordination durch MAGs sowie die
wissenschaftliche Expertise der LMU München als Stütze
wahrgenommen. Hindernisse in der Planung und Implementierung der
Präventionskette Freiham finden sich in erster Linie auf administrativer
Ebene der Verwaltung. Aspekte, die die Zusammenarbeit der Begleitgruppe
betreffen, wurden als vorrangig positiv empfunden. In der SNA wurden zahlreiche
Agierende, vor allem aus der Fachsteuerungs- und Planungsebene der Referate,
genannt, die bereits mit einbezogen werden. Zudem wurden Agierende
identifiziert, die bislang noch nicht in den Planungsprozess involviert
waren.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Organisationsform der Begleitgruppe als
formalisierter Zusammenschluss von Vertreter*innen verschiedener
Referate, die sich gleichermaßen der Präventionskette widmen,
sowie eine externe Koordination und wissenschaftliche Begleitung stellen einen
positiv bewerteten Ansatz dar. Der Aufbau der Präventionskette sollte
weiterhin als Querschnittsaufgabe verstanden sowie sektor- und
hierarchieübergreifend unterstützt werden.
Accident & Emergency Informatics and One Digital Health
Authors: Haghi Mostafa , Benis Arriel , Deserno Thomas M. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Climate changes are the major challenge in public and individual health, as they modify the ecosystem and yield contagious diseases from animal to human. Furthermore, we notice the rapid development of elderly, changing the population demographic. These critical measures have imposed economical costs, require trained personnel, and reduce the healthcare systems' performances.
Methods: COVID-19 pandemic showed that digital health paradigms such as m-health, telemedicine, and Internet of medical things (IoMT) should be further developed for such disasters. Quarantine was experienced frequently at different levels, which indicates the urgent need to develop smart medical homes for continuous monitoring of the patients. Human health, environment, and animals are the three interwoven aspects of public health that should be formulated under a conceptual and unified framework. Accident and Emergency Informatics (A&EI) considers the prediction and prevention of an individual's health in the long term and detects instant accidents and emergencies for further processes linking to hospital and rescue services for lowering the impact. One Digital Health (ODH) considers the health of the human, the animal, and the environment as a whole.
Results & Conclusion: In this position paper, we discuss the mutual benefits of A&EI and ODH in disaster management. We outline the mission, current status of A&EI in healthcare, and summarize the most important development of A&EI-related scope in the other fields of science. We discuss developing smart environments to monitor environmental and animal aspects. Then we examine the use of the ODH framework for enhancing the A&EI capacities to deal with complex disasters. Moreover, we discuss the further development of the international standard accident number (ISAN) to include and link environmental and animal event related data. Besides, ODH will cope with the A&EI protocols and technical specifications to be part of A&EI in the application layer.
Posttreatment Imaging of the Shoulder
Authors: Schäffeler Dr. Christoph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe shoulder joint is vulnerable for injuries following trauma and in the context of sporting activities. Degenerative rotator cuff disease is also a common entity. Conservative therapy is often not indicated or does not lead to the desired success, so surgical intervention is necessary. Routine follow-ups, but also persistent complaints, delayed healing, or recurrent trauma, usually need postoperative imaging of the shoulder. The choice of the adequate imaging modality and technique is important to reach the correct diagnosis. Additionally, knowledge of the most common surgical procedures, as well as typical normal findings and expected pathologies on different imaging modalities, is crucial for the radiologist to play a relevant role in the postoperative diagnostic process. This article addresses postoperative imaging after rotator cuff repair, shoulder arthroplasty, and surgery for shoulder stabilization with an emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet , Lalam Radhesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCharles Thurstan Holland was the first radiologist in the world and also the founder of the first radiology department. In the early days, radiographs were used primarily in the musculoskeletal system. Holland contributed significantly to the understanding of musculoskeletal radiology as seen on radiographs, including the appearance of ossification centers and accessory ossicles. The small triangular metaphyseal fragment in Salter-Harris type 2 fractures is called the “Thurstan Holland fragment.”
Tuberculose osteoarticular do joelho como apresentação única em lactente de 10 meses: Um caso raro de diagnóstico comumente tardio
Authors: Gottschalk Carlos , Carvalho Emanuela da Rocha 
Published: June 2022

ResumoA tuberculose osteoarticular do joelho é uma apresentação incomum da doença, especialmente em crianças com menos de 1 ano de idade. A característica paucibacilar da infecção torna o diagnóstico um desafio, levando em consideração métodos mais clássicos como a cultura e o anatomopatológico. Os fatores de risco são contato com indivíduos com tuberculose bacilífera, estar em uma região de alta prevalência, e populações pediátricas. O presente relato descreve um caso de monoartrite por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, de curso crônico e manifestações inflamatórias intermitentes em um paciente masculino de 10 meses, sem sintomatologia extra-articular e sem história de convívio ou contato prévio com tuberculose bacilífera. A cultura foi negativa e o exame anatomopatológico foi inconclusivo para o agente etiológico e o diagnóstico foi realizado pela detecção de traços de DNA de M. tuberculosis no teste rápido molecular (GeneXpert), utilizando a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase. O tratamento foi realizado com medicamentos antituberculose e houve resolução completa do quadro clínico-radiográfico. Este caso enfatiza a importância de considerar a tuberculose como parte dos diagnósticos etiológicos diferenciais iniciais das artrites e, portanto, a necessidade da investigação precoce específica a esta bactéria, ainda que a suspeição clínica não seja elevada.
A general method for calculating solid/liquid interfacial free energies from atomistic simulations: Application to CaSO4·xH2O
Authors: Yeandel Stephen R. , Freeman Colin L. , Harding John H. 
Published: June 2022

We present a general method for computing interfacial free energies from atomistic simulations, which is particularly suitable for solid/liquid interfaces. Our method uses an Einstein crystal as a universal reference state and is more flexible than previous approaches. Surfaces with dipoles, complex reconstructions, and miscible species are all easily accommodated within the framework. It may also be extended to calculating the relative free energies of different phases and other types of defect. We have applied our method to interfaces of bassanite and gypsum with water and obtained interfacial free energies of the order of 0.12 J/m2, of which ∼45% is due to entropic contributions. Our calculations of the interfacial free energy of NaCl with water obtained a value of 0.13 J/m2, of which only 19% is from entropic contributions. We have also predicted equilibrium morphologies for bassanite and gypsum that compare well with experiments and previous calculations.
Opening up the peer review process
Authors: Hynninen Niina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many science journals have begun either to provide authors with the opportunity to publish peer review reports
alongside their published article or to use a form of interactive open access peer review, which means that the review process is
made public from the start. However, because of the traditionally occluded nature of peer reviewing, much applied linguistics
research on the topic has focused on corpora of individual reviews rather than the negotiation process between the author(s),
reviewers, and editors that peer reviewing essentially entails. In this paper, the focus is on this negotiation process. The data
are drawn from an open access journal in geosciences. They consist of review histories of three research papers with clusters of
peer review reports, short comments, author replies, and editor decision letters. These clusters have been analysed
chronologically in relation to one another, considering their impact and the evaluating authorities evoked in the process. The
findings show that the brokers paid attention to both study- and text-related aspects in their evaluations, thus highlighting
brokering as an activity related to both knowledge and text. Reviewer authority was recognised by the authors and editors alike,
but the authors were also found to negotiate their divergent positions.
The kinship system of Tiwa
Authors: Dawson Virginia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a systematic description of the kinship system of Tiwa, a Boro-Garo language of northeast India. It complements existing partial descriptions by Ramirez (2014) and Bouchery and Longmailai (2018), including documentation of affinal relationship terminology and kinship-based politeness strategies. A key new finding of this work is that Tiwa has a series of dyadic group kin terms which behave in similar (though not identical) ways to what Bradley (2001) identifies as family group classifiers in several Ngwi languages. To my knowledge, this is the first time such dyadic kin terms have been identified beyond the Ngwi and Ersuic branches, suggesting they may be more widespread throughout the Tibeto-Burman family than previously believed.