bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infliximab Is Not Associated With a General Long-Term Weight Gain in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Winter Rachel W. , Friedman Sonia , Nielsen Jan , Kjeldsen Jens , Nørgård Bente Mertz , Larsen Michael Due 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) may lose weight during periods of active disease and may gain weight when inflammation heals. Studies have hypothesized an association between antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-α) and unintended weight gain during maintenance therapy, and this association has not been previously clarified.

METHODS:
In a nationwide observational study based on Danish national health registries, we included patients who initiated therapy with infliximab and followed changes in weight during induction therapy (0–90 days) and maintenance therapy (91–270 days). The association between the use of infliximab and weight gain was analyzed by a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model.

RESULTS:
Among 851 patients with CD and UC who initiated infliximab therapy, long-term weight gain was not observed during maintenance therapy in most of the patients. Women with CD who were underweight at the initiation of therapy had an average weight gain of 7.5 kg. Men and women with CD and UC with normal or increased body mass index had an average weight gain of <2 kg during maintenance therapy. Underweight men with CD and UC gained 2.9 kg (95% confidence interval 2.1–3.6) and 2.9 kg (95% confidence interval 1.9–3.9), respectively, in the first 90 days, although neither group had statistically significant weight gain in the maintenance period. Less than 3% of the patients had weight gain greater than 10% of their baseline body weight during the study period.

DISCUSSION:
Weight gain among patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapies is unlikely to be due to an effect from anti-TNF-α therapy.
A Smartphone Application Using Artificial Intelligence Is Superior To Subject Self-Reporting When Assessing Stool Form
Authors: Pimentel Mark , Mathur Ruchi , Wang Jiajing , Chang Christine , Hosseini Ava , Fiorentino Alyson , Rashid Mohamad , Pichetshote Nipaporn , Basseri Benjamin , Treyzon Leo , Chang Bianca , Leite Gabriela , Morales Walter , Weitsman Stacy , Kraus Asaf , Rezaie Ali 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Stool form assessment relies on subjective patient reports using the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS). In a novel smartphone application (app), trained artificial intelligence (AI) characterizes digital images of users' stool. In this study, we evaluate this AI for accuracy in assessing stool characteristics.

METHODS:
Subjects with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome image-captured every stool for 2 weeks using the app, which assessed images for 5 visual characteristics (BSS, consistency, fragmentation, edge fuzziness, and volume). In the validation phase, using 2 expert gastroenterologists as a gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and diagnostic odds ratios of subject-reported vs AI-graded BSS scores were compared. In the implementation phase, agreements between AI-graded and subject-reported daily average BSS scores were determined, and subject BSS and AI stool characteristics scores were correlated with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scores.

RESULTS:
In the validation phase (n = 14), there was good agreement between the 2 experts and AI characterizations for BSS (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.782–0.852), stool consistency (ICC = 0.873–0.890), edge fuzziness (ICC = 0.836–0.839), fragmentation (ICC = 0.837–0.863), and volume (ICC = 0.725–0.851). AI outperformed subjects' self-reports in categorizing daily average BSS scores as constipation, normal, or diarrhea. In the implementation phase (n = 25), the agreement between AI and self-reported BSS scores was moderate (ICC = 0.61). AI stool characterization also correlated better than subject reports with diarrhea severity scores.

DISCUSSION:
A novel smartphone application can determine BSS and other visual stool characteristics with high accuracy compared with the 2 expert gastroenterologists. Moreover, trained AI was superior to subject self-reporting of BSS. AI assessments could provide more objective outcome measures for stool characterization in gastroenterology.
Identification of Immunoglobulin G Autoantibody Against Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Adduct as Novel Serological Biomarker for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Duryee Michael J. , Ahmad Rizwan , Eichele Derrick D. , Hunter Carlos D. , Mitra Ananya , Talmon Geoffrey A. , Singh Shailender , Smith Lynette M. , Rosen Michael J. , Dhawan Punita , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Singh Amar B. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with immune responses with oxidative stress wherein high levels of malondialdehyde result in the formation of a highly stable and immunogenic malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adduct (MAA). Thus, this study evaluated the status of MAA-adducts and anti-MAA antibody isotypes in IBD, and their potential as novel serologic biomarkers for differentiating ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's disease (CD).

METHODS:
Levels of MAA-adduct and anti-MAA antibodies were examined in patients with IBD (171), non-IBD gastrointestinal diseases (77) and controls (83), from 2-independent cohorts using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden cut-off index from logistic regression were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity.

RESULTS:
The MAA-adduct and blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-MAA antibody levels were significantly elevated in IBD compared to non-IBD patients (P = 0.0008) or controls (P = 0.02). Interestingly, UC patients showed higher levels of IgG anti-MAA (P < 0.0001) than CD patients including those with colonic CD (P = 0.0067). Odds ratio by logistic regression analysis predicted stronger association of IgG anti-MAA antibody with UC than CD. Subsequent analysis showed that IgG anti-MAA antibody levels could accurately identify (P = 0.0004) UC in the adult cohort with sensitivity of (75.3%) and specificity of (71.4%), and area under the curve of 0.8072 (0.7121–0.9024). The pediatric cohort also showed area under the curve of 0.8801 (0.7988–0.9614) and precisely distinguished (P < 0.0001) UC with sensitivity (95.8%) and specificity (72.3%).

DISCUSSION:
Circulating IgG anti-MAA antibody levels can serve as novel, non-invasive, and highly sensitive test to identify UC patients, and possibly differentiate them from patients with CD.
Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Kamar Mohamed S. , Salem Ibrahim A. , El-Aassy Ibrahim E. , El-Sayed Abdu A. , Awad Hamdy A. , Tekin Huseyin Ozan , Alzahrai Abdullah M. , Lasheen El Saeed R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Variable single and/or swarms of post-granitic dikes are widespread at Gabal Serbal, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt. The present article aims to identify and discriminate these multiphase dikes through detailed geological, petrographical, and geochemical examinations. These dikes are classified into two subphases: (1) acidic dikes (porphyritic dacite, microgranite, granophyre, and alkaline granophyre dikes); and (2) basic dikes (basalt and dolerite dikes). They range from vertical or steeply inclined bodies, 0.5–15 m wide, pink to black color, and NE–SW to N–S directions. Acidic dikes with different mineralogical constituents have medium to high k-characters, originating from calc-alkaline magma and extruded in a volcanic arc environment. In contrast, basic dikes have medium k-characters, originating from tholeiitic magma and developing within a plate environment. Basic dikes are enriched with opaque minerals, where the basaltic dike contains iron oxides (magnetite and hematite), such as apatite in addition to copper minerals. Dolerite dike comprises magnetite, titanomagnetite, and pyrite.
Distributed order model of labor migration
Authors: Balcı Mehmet Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, we present a mathematical model of socio-economic process of labor force migration. We present our model in the terms of distributed order fractional partial differential equation. The proposed model involves time varying diffusion coefficient. To solve this model we propose an implicit discrete scheme by using graded meshes, and study numerically labor migration flow data from Turkey along with other countries throughout the period of 1966–2014.
On the systematic nature of Dinka noun number morphology
Authors: Ladd D. Robert , Blum Mirella L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present an analysis of noun number marking in Dinka, based on Andersen’s system of vowel grades and a new system of tone classes. Assuming that the ‘unmarked’ grade 1 form can be either singular or plural, we show that the morphology is more systematic than has been previously suggested. Roughly half of our dataset can be treated as synchronically regular, and in more than half the remainder the only exceptional features are simple alternations of lexical quantity or voice quality. Less than a quarter exhibit more unpredictable irregularities. With regard to tone, we posit nine classes that describe the patterns of tonal alternation between the grade 1 form and the more marked form of the noun; 60% of our dataset fall into just three of these classes. The tone classes show considerable cross-dialect validity even between a four-tone dialect (Luanyjang, Rek cluster) and a three-tone dialect (Agar).
Uncertainties of measurements in radiation protection
Authors: Steurer A. , Schmitzer C. , Gruen K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On September 1st, 2001, the Austrian standard OENORM S 5255-1 with the title “Uncertainties of measurements and limiting values in radiation protection – Part 1: Basics” was published. A part 2 of the standard with the subtitle “Assessment of measurements with regard to limiting values” was published on April 1st, 2002. Part 1 of the standard is a consequent application of the “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” (GUM) for measurements in radiation protection. It contains a summary of the most important definitions and mathematical methods, which are relevant for measurements in radiation protection. An important prerequisite is the standardisation of the coverage factor k = 1 for measurements in radiation protection. Finally, the use of the standard is demonstrated by a detailed example there (dose rate meter). First, the uncertainty of a dose rate meter is stated, using only information on tolerances available e. g. from instrument specifications. Additionally, the strategies to reduce the uncertainty and the necessary detailed knowledge of the dose rate meter are demonstrated. Part 2 of the standard gives a simple concept for interpretation of limits using the uncertainties calculated based on part 1 of the standard.
Area dose measurements by thermoluminescence dosemeters for environmental monitoring
Authors: Pillath J. , Knaps A. , Hille R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For more than 25 years, thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) have been used at Research Centre Jülich for the dose determination of photon radiation in environmental monitoring. Dose measurements are performed in six-month exposure intervals at 78 measuring locations in total at the outer fence and some additional locations inside and outside the research centre. Long-term variations in natural background radiation are analysed in comparison with climate data and the local conditions near the measuring locations and discussed with a view to determining the area-specific parameters. Taking the special conditions of Research Centre Jülich into account, the problems relating to the detection limit of 0.1 mSv/a, stipulated in the guideline for the emission and immission monitoring of nuclear facilities, are considered in more detail compared to natural background radiation.
Some comments on Herndon’s nuclear georeactor
Authors: Seifritz W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Light was thrown on the nuclear aspects of Herndon’s georeactor. His thesis is that a power producing droplet of liquid uranium, possessing a radius of about 5 km, operated during the last 4.5 billions of years in the center of the Earth and producing 3–6 TW of thermal power.
It could be shown that indeed initial criticality was possible due to the high U-235/U-238 enrichment of approximately 30% at that time. Furthermore, the U-238/Pu-239/U-235 conversion cycle guarantees also a stabilized U-235/U-238 enrichment of about 10% during the whole history of Earth. For this, a constant critical neutron flux in the realm of 108 n/(cm2s) has to be present to convert U-238 via the Pu-239 route and its eddecay into U-235 with a conversion ratio of exactly unity.
Herndon’s georeactor is compared with other exotic fission reactors in Nature, too, but the decisive answer whether such a georeactor really exists needs further – particularly chemical, thermodynamical and geological – research work.
Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)
Authors: Hernández-Canchola Giovani , León-Paniagua Livia , Esselstyn Jacob A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deer mice (genus Peromyscus) are among the commonest small mammals in the Nearctic zoogeographic region. Nevertheless, systematic relationships are only partially settled and numerous taxonomic questions await resolution. For instance, researchers have found that some members of the Peromyscus truei species group contain high levels of genetic divergence that could indicate the presence of cryptic species. We analyzed the systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the P. truei group using new and previously published mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Our analyses verify several earlier conclusions, but we also detected new clades that deserve recognition. Considering their mitochondrial distinctiveness, allopatric ranges, and previously reported molecular, biochemical, chromosomal, morphological, and ecological differences, we elevate three previously described taxa to species. We support the recognition of two subgroupings. The first comprises P. gratus, P. truei, and possibly P. cf. martirensis and P. cf. zapotecae. The second contains to P. amplus, P. attwateri, P. collinus, P. difficilis, P. felipensis, P. laceianus, P. nasutus, P. ochraventer, and P. pectoralis. Placement of P. bullatus will likely remain unknown until genetic data are available. Further research could improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of Peromyscus, but in some cases taxonomic issues must be resolved first.
Supply Chain Workers’ Inquiries: Class Struggle along Value Chains
Authors: Hartman Gifford 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The following is an account of my own personal involvement, over the last 20 years, with a circle of militants in California’s San Francisco Bay Area who have been researching changes in the class composition of global production. We have been using informal and formal inquiries with rank-and-file workers to analyze how transformations in communication, data gathering, and transportation technologies have revolutionized the logistics industry. Our goal has been finding supply chain vulnerabilities, where working class solidarity has the greatest possibility to spread up and down these value chains, and for class struggle to be effectively cross-sectoral and international. The following is a balance sheet of our efforts, demonstrating the instances when we were able to realize our goals, as well as critiquing our limitations. We hope this will point to the importance of workers’ inquiries in the current era, especially in adjusting to the many changes the COVID-19 pandemic has wrought, exposing the weaknesses of just-in-time production chains spanning the planet, changes to class composition, and encouraging new forms of class struggle along ever-changing value chains.
Predicting remaining useful life of turbofan engines using degradation signal based echo state network
Authors: Sharanya S. , Venkataraman Revathi , Murali G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The field of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) in industries is gaining greater popularity to achieve high reliability by shifting the preventive maintenance to predictive maintenance. Estimation of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is an effective prognostic measure that forecasts the health state of machine based on degradation modelling and condition monitoring. This article proposes a novel and robust methodology that uses Reduced Affinity Propagation (RAP) clustering technique that extracts representatives from the temporal signals measured through various heterogeneous sensors to predict the RUL using Echo State Network (ESN) with dynamic lateral inhibiting connections. The main advantage of the proposed model is that it does not overlook the features from the degradation signals and also learns the natural mapping among the representative points from the integrated sensor value. This approach is verified using CMAPPS dataset to show hopeful results in predicting the RUL of aircraft turbo fan engine. Also, this methodology can be a deployed as a tool in real time industrial applications to schedule predictive maintenance activities.
Welcome To Death: Islamic And Catholic Perspectives
Authors: Nisa Khoirun , Nasution Abdul Karim , Nugroho Nugroho 
Published: March 2022

Death is one of the eschatological arenas in religions including Islam and Catholicism. Various things are done in preparation for welcoming death. This study was conducted to show how the two religions prepare their respective people to face it. This research relies on books and journals that examine the research topic from an Islamic and Catholic perspective. This research shows that in Islam, a good death is called husnul khatimah, namely dying in a state of being Muslim and doing good. For that, a Muslim must repent, maintain monotheism, keep the five daily prayers, pay zakat, fast in the month of Ramadan, make the pilgrimage if they are well-to-do, do what is required by religion and stay away from what is forbidden, have a noble character, guard the tongue. Meanwhile, according to Catholicism, human death is the result of human sin, good sinythat occurred as a result of the fall of the first human (Adam) as well as the sins committed by every human in the world. Therefore Catholicism teaches that prepare the kids to live independently, have character and education the good one; keep the way life and healthy so as not to bother children; financial preparation both for myself and children, keep the testimony alive, and have social relations good; inherent value and noble traditions in children and grandchildren.Kematian adalah salah satu arena eskatologis dalam agama-agama termasuk dalam Islam dan Katolik. Berbagai hal dilakukan sebagai persiapan untuk menyambut kematian. Studi ini dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana kedua agama mempersiapkan umat masing-masing dalam menghadapinya. Penelitian ini bertumpu pada buku-buku dan jurnal yang mengkaji topik penelitian dimaksud dari perspektif Islam dan Katolik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam Islam, kematian yang baik itu disebut dengan husnul khatimah yaitu mati dalam keadaan beragama Islam dan berbuat kebaikan. Untuk itu seorang muslim harus banyak bertaubat, menjaga tauhid, menjaga salat lima waktu, menunaikan zakat, berpuasa di bulan ramadhan, berhaji jika mampu, mengerjakan apa-apa yang telah diwajibkan oleh agama dan menjauhi yang dilarang, berakhlak mulia, menjaga lisan. Sedangkan menurut Katolik kematian manusia merupakan akibat dosa manusia, baik dosay yang terjadi akibat kejatuhan manusia pertama (Adam) maupun dosa yang dilakukan oleh setiap manusia di dunia. Untuk itu agama Katolik mengajarkan agar menyiapkan anak-anak hidup mandiri, memiliki karakter dan pendidikan yang baik; menjaga cara hidup dan kesehatan agar tidak merepotkan anak-anak; menyiapkan finansial baik untuk diri sendiri maupun untuk anak-anak; menjaga kesaksian hidup, dan memiliki relasi sosial yang baik; mewariskan nilai dan tradisi luhur pada anak dan cucu.
DAMPAK COVID-19 TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (BRI) SYARIAH
Authors: Ahmad Mardhatillah , Yulianti Lina 
Published: March 2022

Salah satu tolak ukur dalam menilai keberhasilan pengelolaan sumber daya suatu perusahaan yaitu dengan melihat kinerja keuangannya. Parameter yang umum dipergunakan dalam menilai kinerja keuangan perusahaan adalah dengan mempergunakan rasio keuangan. Selanjutnya rasio ini akan sangat bermanfaat bagi para pengguna dalam pengambilan keputusan. Dalam kondisi normal, performa keuangan yang dihasilkan akan mencerminkan kondisi yang diharapkan dan dapat menunjukan target pencapaian. Namun untuk kondisi pandemi covid saat ini tentunya akan membawa dampak yang signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan tersebut. Salah satu sektor usaha yang terkena dampak pandemi covid-19 adalah industri perbankan. Hal ini sebagai akibat banyak diantara debitur yang diberhentikan dari pekerjaan dan terhambat untuk membayar pembiayaan. Sehingga mengakibatkan meningkatnya pembiayaan yang tidak lancar pada bank, yang secara otomatis mempengaruhi performa keuangannya. Pengkajian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisa dampak covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan pada Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Syariah periode 2019-2020. Data diambil dari publikasi laporan keuangan Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Syariah periode 2019-2020. Yaitu tiga (tiga) triwulan sebelum pandemi dan 3 (tiga) triwulan pasca pandemi covid. Adapun rasio keuangan yang digunakan adalah tingkat kecukupan modal (CAR), tingkat pengembalian aset (ROA), rasio pembiayaan bermasalah (NPF) dan pembiayaan deposit rasio (FDR). Hasil penelitian ini secara keseluruhan menunjukan tidak substansial adanya distingsi dari aspek yang dianalisa terkecuali untuk aspek rasio pembiayaan bermasalah (NPF). Dengan demikian secara spesifik penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Syariah lebih meningkatkan lagi pembiayaan melalui intrumen penjadwalan ulang pembayaran (rescheduling), persyaratan kembali (reconditioning) dan penataan kembali (restructuring) serta membuka bidang usaha baru yang tidak terkena dampak covid-19 sebagai upaya meningkatkan rasio Return on Asset (ROA). Kata Kunci: Kinerja Keuangan Bank, CAR, ROA, NPF, FDR.