bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Inception to Implementation: Strategies for Setting Up Pulmonary Telerehabilitation
Authors: Santos Catarina Duarte , Rodrigues Fátima , Caneiras Cátia , Bárbara Cristina 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe emergence of innovative technology-enabled models of care is an opportunity to support more efficient ways of organizing and delivering healthcare services and improve the patient experience. Pulmonary telerehabilitation started as a promising area of research and became a strategic pandemic response to patients' decreased accessibility to rehabilitation care. Still, in the pre-COVID-19 era, we conducted a participatory study aiming to develop strategies for setting up pulmonary telerehabilitation as a person-centered digitally-enabled model of care.MethodsWe performed operational participatory research between June 2019 and March 2020 with the engagement of all stakeholders involved in the implementation of pulmonary telerehabilitation, including 14 people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Patients were assessed subjectively and objectively pre and post a 3-month pulmonary rehabilitation program including exercise and education, which started in a face-to-face hospital setting during the first month and continued as a home-based, remotely supervised exercise training intervention.ResultsFive major groups of requirements targeted operational strategies for setting up pulmonary telerehabilitation: (1) pulmonary rehabilitation core principles, (2) quality and security standards, (3) technological functionality, (4) home environment appropriateness, and (5) telesetting skills. There was a statistical significance in the median change in the CAT score from 15.5 to 10.5 (p = 0.004) and in the PRAISE score from 49.5 to 53.0 (p = 0.006). Patients' mean levels of satisfaction regarding rehabilitation goals achievements were 88.1 ± 8.6% and the mean levels of satisfaction regarding the telerehabilitation experienced as a model of care were 95.4% ± 6.3%.ConclusionsThe success of telerehabilitation implementation was grounded on stakeholder engagement and targeted strategies for specific setup requirements, achieving patients' high satisfaction levels. Such operational experiences should be integrated into the redesigning of upgraded telerehabilitation programs as part of the solution to improve the effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience of health systems worldwide.
How Was Studied the Effect of Manual Wheelchair Configuration on Propulsion Biomechanics: A Systematic Review on Methodologies
Authors: Fritsch Capucine , Poulet Yoann , Bascou Joseph , Thoreux Patricia , Sauret Christophe 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundFor both sports and everyday use, finding the optimal manual wheelchair (MWC) configuration can improve a user's propulsion biomechanics. Many studies have already investigated the effect of changes in MWC configuration but comparing their results is challenging due to the differences in experimental methodologies between articles.PurposeThe present systematic review aims at offering an in-depth analysis of the methodologies used to study the impact of MWC configuration on propulsion biomechanics, and ultimately providing the community with recommendations for future research.MethodsThe reviewing process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart on two databases (Scopus and PubMed) in March 2022.ResultsForty-five articles were included, and the results highlighted the multiplicity of methodologies regarding different experimental aspects, including propulsion environment, experimental task, or measurement systems, for example. More importantly, descriptions of MWC configurations and their modifications differed significantly between studies and led to a lack of critical information in many cases.DiscussionStudying the effect of MWC configuration on propulsion requires recommendations that must be clarified: (1) the formalism chosen to describe MWC configuration (absolute or relative) should be consistent with the type of study conducted and should be documented enough to allow for switching to the other formalism; (2) the tested MWC characteristics and initial configuration, allowing the reproduction or comparison in future studies, should be properly reported; (3) the bias induced by the experimental situation on the measured data must be considered when drawing conclusions and therefore experimental conditions such as propulsion speed or the effect of the instrumentation should be reported.ConclusionOverall, future studies will need standardization to be able to follow the listed recommendations, both to describe MWC configuration and mechanical properties in a clear way and to choose the experimental conditions best suited to their objectives.
Monomodality versus Combined Therapy in Optic Pathway Gliomas—20-Year Experience from a Singapore Children’s Hospital
Authors: Lim Jia Xu , Tan Enrica E.K. , Ng Lee Ping , Seow Wan Tew , Chang Kenneth T.E. , Wong Ru Xin , Looi Wen Shen , Low David C.Y. , Low Sharon Y.Y. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe treatment of pediatric optic pathway gliomas (OPG) is challenging. At present, most centers provide individualized treatment to maximize progression free survival (PFS) and minimize morbidity. We aim to report our experience in the management of pediatric OPG, and investigate factors associated with an increased duration of remission after treatment.MethodsThis is a single-institution study approved by the hospital ethics board. A retrospective review of consecutive OPGs managed from 2000 to 2020 was performed. Patients were divided into those managed with monomodality treatment (MT) and those who received combined therapy (CT). MT included various forms of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy given alone, while CT involves a combination of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.ResultsTwenty-two patients were selected for this study. They had 40 treatment cycles; and a total follow up duration of 194.8 patient-years. Most of them were male (63.6%) and presented with visual deficits (72.7%). The mean age at initial presentation was 65 months and majority (86.4%) had their tumors arising directly from the optic chiasm, with 77.3% with hypothalamic extension. One patient had Neurofibromatosis type I (4.5%). The most common histological diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma (90.9%), followed by pilomyxoid astrocytoma (9.1%). The 5- and 10- year PFS were 46.2% and 36.4% respectively, while the 5- and 10-year OS were both 100%. When accounting for treatment type, there were 24 treatment cycles with MT (60.0%) and 16 CT (40.0%). After adjustment, treatments with MT were shown to have a shorter mean duration of remission (MT: 45 ± 49, CT: 84 ± 79 months; p = 0.007). Cox regression curve plotted after adjusting for patient’s age at treatment demonstrated a significantly longer PFS in the CT group (p = 0.037).ConclusionsOur results suggest a significant survival benefit of CT over MT for affected patients due to the prolonged the duration of disease remission, for both primary and subsequent treatments. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that our study reflects the outcomes of treatment strategies that have evolved over time. We emphasize the need for collective efforts from a dedicated multidisciplinary team and international collaborations for better disease understanding.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Administered in Two Different Modes Under Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Xia Weipeng , Wang Shanshan , Wei Lingxin , Deng Xiaoming , Yang Dong , Sui Jinghu , Liu Juhui 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is now widely used in procedural sedation and analgesia. This study was designed to observe and compare the efficacy and safety of DEX administered in two different modes.MethodsIn total, 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive intravenous DEX 1 µg/kg over 15 min followed by 0.4–0.7 µg/kg/h infusion or DEX 1 µg/kg over 30 min followed by 0.4–0.7 µg/kg/h infusion. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), bispectral index (BIS), Ramsay Sedation Scores (RSS scores), the lowest respiratory rates (LRR), incidences of respiratory adverse events and frequencies of body movements were recorded. Recovery time, recall of intraoperative events, pain scores in PACU and satisfaction of patients and surgeons were assessed.ResultsThe BIS at time points from 5 min after anesthesia to the end of surgery in the intervention group were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05). The RSS scores at time points from 5 min after anesthesia to immediately after induction with DEX were significantly higher in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.05). The HR at time points from the beginning of surgery to 30 min after local anesthesia, the MAP at time points from 30 min after local anesthesia to the end of surgery, and the RR at time points from 5 min after anesthesia to the end of surgery were significantly higher in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.05). Patients in the intervention group had higher LRR, lower incidences of respiratory adverse events, and shorter recovery time (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsDexmedetomidine infused with a loading dose over 30 min had less impact on patients’ hemodynamics and respiration and could shorten the recovery time after anesthesia in procedural sedation and analgesia.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: ChiCTR1900027958.
Design and Development of a Disposable Superfine Catheter for Visual Examination of Bile Ducts and Related Animal Experiments
Authors: Hao Jin-Yong , Zhang Yao-Ping , Huang Xiao-Jun 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo design and develop a disposable superfine catheter system for visual examination of bile and pancreatic ducts and predict its clinical application value.MethodsThe superfine triple-lumen catheter and miniature photography technology were used to design and produce a disposable superfine catheter for visual examination of bile and pancreatic ducts, and animal experiments were conducted to compare said catheter and SpyGlass™.ResultsThe designed and developed disposable superfine catheter for visual examination of bile ducts with a diameter of 2.4 mm could enter the third-order and fourth-order bile ducts in the animal liver and also the gallbladder via the cystic duct for observation. The said catheter has a water injection rate of 0.8 mL/s, 0.16 megapixels, a resolution of 400 × 400, a depth of field of 0.3 to 20 mm, and a tilting up angle &gt;90°.ConclusionThe new disposable catheter for visual examination of bile ducts has a superfine diameter, easier operation, and clearer imaging, and is expected to have a higher clinical practical value.
Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Traditional Healers in Treating People Suffering From HIV/AIDS in Uganda
Authors: Anywar Godwin Upoki , Kakudidi Esezah , Oryem-Origa Hannington , Schubert Andreas , Jassoy Christian 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Many people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Uganda widely use herbal medicines. However, their toxicity and safety have not been investigated. The use of these plants can potentially cause harmful effects to the health of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of some commonly used medicinal plant species used by PLHIV.Methods: The cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was determined with the AlamarBlue cell viability assay using the human glioblastoma cell line U87.CD4.CXCR4. The cells were treated with varying concentrations of extracts of Warburgia ugandensis, Erythrina abyssinica, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Albizia coriaria, Psorospermum febrifugium, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Securidaca longipendunculata, Vachellia hockii, Gardenia ternifolia, and Bridelia micrantha reconstituted with ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Using regression analysis, the half maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the plant extracts were calculated from exponential curve fits, since they provided the highest coefficient of determination, R2.Results: The ethanol extracts of W. ugandensis (CC50 = 7.6 μg/ml) and A. coriaria (CC50 = 1.5 μg/ml) as well as the DMSO-reconstituted extracts of W. ugandensis (CC50 = 6.4 μg/ml) and A. coriria (CC50 = &lt; 4 μg/ml) were highly cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity of W. ugandensis and A. coriaria compared well with the indigenous traditional knowledge of the toxic effects experienced when the plants were not used correctly. However, the cytotoxicity of most of the plant extracts (15/22) was low to moderate (CC50 = 21–200 μg/ml).Conclusion: Most of the plant species tested in this study had low to moderate cytotoxicity against U87.CD4.CXCR4 cells, except W. ugandensis and A. coriria which were highly cytotoxic.
The Innovative Component of the Technological Structure of the Economy of Russia and Foreign Countries: International Comparative Analysis
Authors: Guren T. V. , Romanov A. A. 
Published: May 2022

The article considers the characteristics of technological structures that reflect a certain level of development of productive forces and industrial relations, the science, and the emergence and development of new energy sources in Russia and some foreign countries taking the lead in the global innovation space. The main factors that determine the innovative performance of the state are identified: from laying the foundation for its creative basis (intellectual potential) to the production effectiveness and adoption intensity of innovations.Based on a representative volume of information sources published in official statistical collections (both domestic and international) and some research findings, the authors assessed core indicators of the innovative development of Russia in comparison with foreign countries. The paper considers Russia's position in international rankings (the Global Innovation Index, the Networked Readiness Index and the Global Competitiveness Index).Analysis results obtained using statistical methods allowed the authors to formulate several crucial conclusions regarding the development level of the technological structure of the Russian economy, its place in international rankings, and the global innovation space.
Direct Retrieval of NO
2
Vertical Columns from UV-Vis (390-495 nm) Spectral Radiances Using a Neural Network
Authors: Li Chi , Xu Xiaoguang , Liu Xiong , Wang Jun , Sun Kang , van Geffen Jos , Zhu Qindan , Ma Jianzhong , Jin Junli , Qin Kai , He Qin , Xie Pinhua , Ren Bo , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: May 2022

Satellite retrievals of columnar nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
) are essential for the characterization of nitrogen oxides (NO

x

) processes and impacts. The requirements of modeled
a priori
profiles present an outstanding bottleneck in operational satellite NO
2
retrievals. In this work, we instead use neural network (NN) models trained from over 360,000 radiative transfer (RT) simulations to translate satellite radiances across 390-495 nm to total NO
2
vertical column (NO
2
C). Despite the wide variability of the many input parameters in the RT simulations, only a small number of key variables were found essential to the accurate prediction of NO
2
C, including observing angles, surface reflectivity and altitude, and several key principal component scores of the radiances. In addition to the NO
2
C, the NN training and cross-validation experiments show that the wider retrieval window allows some information about the vertical distribution to be retrieved (e.g., extending the rightmost wavelength from 465 to 495 nm decreases the root-mean-square-error by 0.75%) under high-NO
2
C conditions. Applying to four months of TROPOMI data, the trained NN model shows strong ability to reproduce the NO
2
C observed by the ground-based Pandonia Global Network. The coefficient of determination (

R

2

, 0.75) and normalized mean bias (NMB, -33%) are competitive with the level 2 operational TROPOMI product (

R

2

=
0.77

,

NMB
=
−
29
%

) over clear (

geometric

cloud

fraction
<
0.2

) and polluted (

N

O

2

C
≥
7.5
×

10

15

molecules/cm
2
) regions. The NN retrieval approach is ~12 times faster than predictions using high spatial resolution (~3 km)
a priori
profiles from chemical transport modeling, which is especially attractive to the handling of large volume satellite data.
Comparison of modernization waves in Russia and Japan over the past 150 years (institutional approach)
Authors: Druzhinin N. L. , Yakovleva T. A. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to structure the major elements of modernization policy and to conduct a comparative institutional analysis of modernization practices in Russia and Japan.Tasks. The authors identify common and different elements in the modernization strategies adopted by Russian and Japanese authorities; determine the reasons for the success of the implemented policy and the reasons for failed modernization attempts.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition and the institutional approach to analyze economic processes and examine the modernization policy in Russia and Japan over the past century and a half.Results. Despite a certain connection and some similarities between modernization waves in Russia and Japan, the origins, driving forces, and, most importantly, the results of modernization processes in these countries have significant differences. Japanese reformers have the advantage of the inherently Japanese ability to adapt a variety of institutions to solve the urgent tasks of national development. The peculiarity of Russian modernization waves was their scale, along with a radical restructuring of basic institutions. This resulted in both the outstanding success and effectiveness of the reforms as well as their cost and incompleteness, which generated waves of counter-reforms.Conclusion. By studying and comparing modernization waves in Russia and Japan, it is possible to identify the national specifics of problems associated with social reforms and factors that ensure favorable results of the modernization process. Institutional reforms play an important role among such factors. A criterion of their success is the ability to adapt traditional institutions to productive work in new conditions.
Phenomenon of creativity and aspects of communication with creative employees in modern companies in a pandemic
Authors: Denisov A. F. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. The work aimed to reveal the importance of creative employees for the organization, to describe approaches to their activities aimed at improving labor efficiency in a pandemic.Tasks. The work was performed to identify the benefits and drawbacks in the work of creative employees, demonstrate the experience of interacting with them, characterize the aspects of personnel management, including creative employees, in a pandemic.Methods. The phenomenon of creativity, the behavioral characteristics of creative employees, and possible ways of communication are discussed through analysis of scientific articles, materials of conferences on personnel management in a pandemic, and interviews.Results. The study of the phenomenon of creativity has shown the important role of creative employees in any modern organization, the risks of managing them, the implementation of the main fields of management and communication in a pandemic. The forced transition of organizations to remote work has insignificantly complicated communication with employees, and their effectiveness in the performance of official duties. Various management tools are used to maintain stable and effective communication with employees.Conclusion. Despite the complexity of managing creative employees, in view of their great value for any modern organization, trade-offs in managing them are required. Organizations mastered quickly the peculiarities of personnel management, including creative employees, in forced transition to remote work. There are various remote management and communication tools to keep all employees up and running.
Investigating competition in the problems of optimal resource allocation
Authors: Barkalaya O. G. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to address the issues of parameter estimation in the problems of optimal resources allocation for the previously introduced competition indicator; to analyze the influence of dimensionality, resource constraints, and other factors on the competition indicator; to exemplify the relationship between the indicator and the extremum of the objective function, constraints, and dual estimates.Tasks. The authors consider cases when the competition indicator captures a change in the initial data that cannot be estimated on the basis of traditional indicators of analysis and estimates: the maximum of the objective function, the optimal solution, Lagrange multipliers, or dual variables; determine the relationship between the competition indicator and the optimum of the objective function and dual variables through examples and in general; show that the analysis of the results of solving the problem becomes more capacious and informative if the factor of variable “competitiveness” is applied; identify patterns between efficiency, competition, resource constraints, and dual estimates.Methods. The selected competition indicator for optimal resource allocation tasks is based on the concept of “rigorous selection” of competitors applying for resources. The indicators are calculated in full accordance with the known optimality conditions for problems of this class, making it possible to interpret the results of optimization as a measure of competition for resources.Results. The provided examples reflect linear and nonlinear functions as well as the relationship between the competition indicator and dual estimates, resource constraints, and efficiency. It is proved that the competition indicator logically fits into the traditional analysis of the results of solving the problem of linear and nonlinear programming with allowance for duality.Conclusion. The competition indicators considered in the study can be included in the standard analysis for solving the problems of optimal resource allocation, which involves finding an extremum, searching for an optimal plan, analyzing stability, limits, dual estimates, a measure of resource scarcity. As can be seen from the examples, applying the competition indicator to the analysis not only makes the analysis of the results more capacious and informative, but also makes it possible to detect patterns between competition and efficiency, similar to when the removal of barriers and restrictions in the economy leads to its revival, and the reduction of resources causes increased competition.