bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scutellarein attenuates atopic dermatitis by selectively inhibiting transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channels
Authors: Wang Yujing , Tan Liaoxi , Jiao Kejun , Xue Chu , Tang Qinglian , Jiang Shan , Ren Younan , Chen Hao , El‐Aziz Tarek Mohamed Abd , Abdelazeem Khalid N. M. , Yu Ye , Zhao Fang , Zhu Michael X. , Cao Zhengyu 
Published: June 2022

Background and PurposeAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory cutaneous diseases with unmet clinical needs. As a common ingredient found in several medicinal herbs with efficacy on cutaneous inflammatory diseases, Scutellarein (Scu) has been shown to possess anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative activities. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Scu against AD and its underlying molecular mechanism.Experimental ApproachEfficacy of Scu on AD was evaluated in 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and carvacrol‐induced dermatitis mouse models. Cytokine mRNA and serum IgE levels were examined using qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Voltage clamp recordings were used to measure currents mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. In silico docking, site‐direct mutagenesis, and covalent modification were used to explore the binding pocket of Scu on TRPV3.Key ResultsSubcutaneous administration of Scu efficaciously suppresses DNFB and carvacrol‐induced pruritus, epidermal hyperplasia and skin inflammation in wild type mice but has no additional benefit in Trpv3 knockout mice in the carvacrol model. Scu is a potent and selective TRPV3 channel allosteric negative modulator with an apparent affinity of 1.18 μM. Molecular docking coupled with site‐direct mutagenesis and covalent modification of incorporated cysteine residues demonstrate that Scu targets the cavity formed between the pore helix and transmembrane helix S6. Moreover, Scu attenuates endogenous TRPV3 activity in human keratinocytes and inhibits carvacrol‐induced proliferative and proinflammatory responses.Conclusion and ImplicationsCollectively, these data demonstrate that Scu ameliorates carvacrol‐induced skin inflammation by directly inhibiting TRPV3, and TRPV3 represents a viable therapeutic target for AD treatment.
A global synthesis of ecosystem services provided and disrupted by freshwater bivalve molluscs
Authors: Zieritz Alexandra , Sousa Ronaldo , Aldridge David C. , Douda Karel , Esteves Eduardo , Ferreira‐Rodríguez Noé , Mageroy Jon H. , Nizzoli Daniele , Osterling Martin , Reis Joaquim , Riccardi Nicoletta , Daill Daniel , Gumpinger Clemens , Vaz Ana Sofia 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIdentification of ecosystem services, i.e. the contributions that ecosystems make to human well‐being, has proven instrumental in galvanising public and political support for safeguarding biodiversity and its benefits to people. Here we synthesise the global evidence on ecosystem services provided and disrupted by freshwater bivalves, a heterogenous group of >1200 species, including some of the most threatened (in Unionida) and invasive (e.g. Dreissena polymorpha) taxa globally. Our systematic literature review resulted in a data set of 904 records from 69 countries relating to 24 classes of provisioning (N = 189), cultural (N = 491) and regulating (N = 224) services following the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES). Prominent ecosystem services included (i) the provisioning of food, materials and medicinal products, (ii) knowledge acquisition (e.g. on water quality, past environments and historical societies), ornamental and other cultural contributions, and (iii) the filtration, sequestration, storage and/or transformation of biological and physico‐chemical water properties. About 9% of records provided evidence for the disruption rather than provision of ecosystem services. Synergies and trade‐offs of ecosystem services were observed. For instance, water filtration by freshwater bivalves can be beneficial for the cultural service ‘biomonitoring’, while negatively or positively affecting food consumption or human recreation. Our evidence base spanned a total of 91 genera and 191 species, dominated by Unionida (55% of records, 76% of species), Veneroida (21 and 9%, respectively; mainly Corbicula spp.) and Myoida (20 and 4%, respectively; mainly Dreissena spp.). About one third of records, predominantly from Europe and the Americas, related to species that were non‐native to the country of study. The majority of records originated from Asia (35%), with available evidence for 23 CICES classes, as well as Europe (29%) and North America (23%), where research was largely focused on ‘biomonitoring’. Whilst the earliest record (from 1949) originated from North America, since 2000, annual output of records has increased rapidly in Asia and Europe. Future research should focus on filling gaps in knowledge in lesser‐studied regions, including Africa and South America, and should look to provide a quantitative valuation of the socio‐economic costs and benefits of ecosystem services shaped by freshwater bivalves.
Pakistani orphanage caregivers' perspectives regarding their caregiving abilities, personal and orphan children's psychological wellbeing
Authors: Khalid Amina , Morawska Alina , Turner Karen M. T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPakistan is home to 4.6 million children who have been orphaned. Limited data on caregiving in orphanages suggests that caregivers do not have specialized training and experience heavy workloads and high‐stress levels. Supporting these caregivers to provide responsive and consistent caregiving can improve their well‐being along with the psychological and physical development of children who have been orphaned. This research explored the main caregiving‐related challenges faced by caregivers in orphanage settings, their professional and personal needs and perceived emotional and behavioural problems manifesting in children under their care.MethodThis research adopted a qualitative research design with a thematic analysis approach. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 caregivers who were currently caring for four to 12‐year‐old children in Pakistani orphanages.ResultsFive main themes: (1) religiosity, (2) economic relief, (3) caregivers' needs and well‐being, (4) caring for children who have been orphaned and (5) need for context specific training, emerged from the data, which included several subthemes. Findings revealed the presence of positive religious views regarding the upbringing and care of children who have been orphaned. Work‐provided accommodation was an important economic relief. Caregivers' psychological, physiological and personal lives were affected by job‐related stress and demands. Many helpful and unhelpful parenting practices were documented, and challenges such as children's verbal and physical aggression, stealing, non‐cooperation and poor social skills were reported. The main professional issues included low salary, high numbers of children in care and lack of context specific professional caregiving training provided.ConclusionThis study established the need for a tailored programme that suits the context specific caregiving needs in Pakistani orphanages to support the training and professional growth of caregivers and promote their wellbeing along with positive developmental outcomes in the children under their care.
Ileo‐rectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis—Long‐term outcome, failure and risk of cancer at a tertiary centre
Authors: Berghog John , Hermanson Maria , de la Croix Hanna , Bengtson Jonas , Block Mattias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimIleo‐rectal anastomosis (IRA) is an option to restore bowel continuity after colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Concerns that the remaining rectum may serve as a site for continuing proctitis with subsequent poor function and IRA failure and the fear of development of dysplasia and cancer have led to the abandonment of IRA in large parts of the world. This study investigated the outcome of IRA in a large patient cohort with UC and IRA with regard to failure of IRA and development of dysplasia and cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective data gathering of patients with UC and IRA enrolled at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Surgical Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, 1972–2019. End‐points were IRA failure, rectal dysplasia and cancer. IRA survival analysis and the cumulative probability of rectal cancer were calculated.ResultsIn total, 183 patients (121 men) were included in the study. The IRA failure rate was 34% and the estimated cumulative IRA failure rates were 25% and 35% at 5 and 10 years respectively. Four patients developed rectal cancer and the estimated cumulative probability of rectal cancer was 3% and 6% at 10 and 15 years respectively.ConclusionIleo‐rectal anastomosis remains a restorative option after colectomy for UC, even if the failure rate raises some concern. Further knowledge is needed for optimal patient selection to avoid early IRA failures. With increasing probability of rectal cancer over time a vigilant surveillance protocol is mandatory.
How can the European Common Agricultural Policy help halt biodiversity loss? Recommendations by over 300 experts
Authors: Pe'er Guy , Finn John A. , Díaz Mario , Birkenstock Maren , Lakner Sebastian , Röder Norbert , Kazakova Yanka , Šumrada Tanja , Bezák Peter , Concepción Elena D. , Dänhardt Juliana , Morales Manuel B. , Rac Ilona , Špulerová Jana , Schindler Stefan , Stavrinides Menelaos , Targetti Stefano , Viaggi Davide , Vogiatzakis Ioannis N. , Guyomard Hervé 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has not halted farmland biodiversity loss. The CAP post‐2023 has a new ‘‘Green Architecture,’’ including the new ‘‘Eco‐scheme’’ instrument. How can this new Green Architecture help tackle the biodiversity crisis? Through 13 workshops and an online survey, over 300 experts from 23 European Member States addressed this question.From experts’ contributions, key principles for success include preserving and restoring (semi)natural elements and extensive grasslands; improving spatial planning and landscape‐scale implementation, including through collective actions; implementing result‐based approaches; and improved knowledge exchange. To maximize the effectiveness of Eco‐scheme for biodiversity, experts highlighted the need to prioritize evidence‐based actions, allocate a sufficient budget for biodiversity, and incentivize management improvements through higher payment levels. Additionally, stronger coherence is needed among CAP instruments.For effective CAP implementation, the European Commission and the Member States should expand investments in biodiversity monitoring, knowledge transfer, and capacity‐building within relevant institutions. The remaining risks in the CAP's ability to reverse the loss of farmland biodiversity still require better design, closer monitoring, greater transparency, and better engagement with farmers. Additionally, greater involvement of scientists is needed to guide the CAP toward restoring farmland biodiversity while accounting for synergies and trade‐offs with other objectives.
Self‐reported marijuana use and its effects on overall approval in potential living kidney donors
Authors: Cholin Liza K. , Delvalle Christina L. , Fatica Richard A. , Huml Anne M. , Augustine Joshua J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPast and present substance use is an important part of the psychosocial evaluation of potential living kidney donors (LKDs). Increasing state legalizations and social acceptance of marijuana (MJ) use can create challenges for transplant centers.MethodsWe investigated the frequency of reporting MJ use, and its effect on the LKD evaluation. A retrospective chart review was performed on all living donor candidates from December 2016 to December 2019 for reports of MJ use, both on an electronic intake form and during clinical evaluation with a licensed social worker (SW). Active MJ use was defined as current use or use within 1 year of evaluation. Baseline characteristics between MJ users and non‐users were compared at each step of donor evaluation. We explored variables associated with MJ use including additional consults and testing during the donor evaluation. Overall approval and donation rates for living donors with active MJ use were compared to non‐users. Additionally, 1‐year donor follow‐up was compared between the two groups. Results of 1818 living donor candidates who completed the intake form, 132 admitted to active MJ use. Compared to non‐users, MJ users were more likely to be younger, male, single, renting a home, and with a lower level of education. Thirty three out of 338 candidates who completed a social work evaluation reported MJ use. Compared to non‐users, MJ users were more frequently classified as moderate or high risk on SW evaluation, and often required a toxicology screen or psychiatry visit for clearance to donate. Altogether 24.2% of MJ users versus 9.5% of non‐users discontinued their evaluation (p < .01). Altogether 42.4% of MJ users versus 56.1% of non‐users donated their kidney (p = .13). For those who donated, MJ users were less likely than non‐users to follow up at 1 year (57.1% vs. 83.0, p‐value .02).ConclusionMJ users were often asked to complete additional steps in their evaluation before an approval decision was made, which may have led to the higher rate of donor drop out observed in this group. Further research is needed to assess the effects of MJ use on living donor candidacy, as well as any effects of MJ use on long‐term donor outcomes.
Strategic sourcing of multicomponent software systems: The case of electronic medical records
Authors: Wowak Kaitlin D. , Handley Sean , Kelley Ken , Angst Corey M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe significance of information technology (IT) to organizational performance is increasingly acknowledged by senior executives and scholars alike. However, an important aspect that is underdeveloped in the extant literature is whether and how an organization's IT sourcing strategy affects performance. We examine this dimension in the context of hospitals’ sourcing strategy for electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Leveraging the organization‐IT alignment principle grounded in contingency theory, we argue that the sourcing strategy chosen by hospitals impacts the quality of patient care rendered and that the nature of this relationship has changed over time. Using data on US hospitals that operated continuously from 2006 to 2013 and employing a multilevel longitudinal modeling framework to analyze change over time, we examine how a key dimension of the sourcing strategy for EMR systems—change in closeness to single‐sourcing—impacts conformance quality, a critical measure of hospital performance that assesses how frequently hospitals comply with evidence‐based practices. We find that a change closer to single‐sourcing is positively associated with conformance quality, but this positive effect is reduced over time, meaning that the benefits realized by hospitals using a single‐sourcing approach diminish toward the end of our observation period. As explicated in our discussion of results, findings from our research reveal critical insights about how sourcing decisions impact performance, and how these effects evolve over time due to changes in regulations, technology, and competition.
Tracking transitional probabilities and segmenting auditory sequences are dissociable processes in adults and neonates
Authors: Benjamin Lucas , Fló Ana , Palu Marie , Naik Shruti , Melloni Lucia , Dehaene‐Lambertz Ghislaine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince speech is a continuous stream with no systematic boundaries between words, how do pre‐verbal infants manage to discover words? A proposed solution is that they might use the transitional probability between adjacent syllables, which drops at word boundaries. Here, we tested the limits of this mechanism by increasing the size of the word‐unit to four syllables, and its automaticity by testing asleep neonates. Using markers of statistical learning in neonates’ EEG, compared to adult behavioral performances in the same task, we confirmed that statistical learning is automatic enough to be efficient even in sleeping neonates. We also revealed that: (1) Successfully tracking transition probabilities (TP) in a sequence is not sufficient to segment it. (2) Prosodic cues, as subtle as subliminal pauses, enable to recover words segmenting capacities. (3) Adults’ and neonates’ capacities to segment streams seem remarkably similar despite the difference of maturation and expertise. Finally, we observed that learning increased the overall similarity of neural responses across infants during exposure to the stream, providing a novel neural marker to monitor learning. Thus, from birth, infants are equipped with adult‐like tools, allowing them to extract small coherent word‐like units from auditory streams, based on the combination of statistical analyses and auditory parsing cues.Research Highlights
Successfully tracking transitional probabilities in a sequence is not always sufficient to segment it.
Word segmentation solely based on transitional probability is limited to bi‐ or tri‐syllabic elements.
Prosodic cues, as subtle as subliminal pauses, enable to recover chunking capacities in sleeping neonates and awake adults for quadriplets.
Prevalence and temporal trends of cerebral palsy in children born from 2002 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada: Population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ahmed Asma , Rosella Laura C. , Oskoui Maryam , Watson Tristan , Yang Seungmi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the prevalence and temporal trends of cerebral palsy (CP) overall and by population characteristics.MethodWe identified 2 110 177 live births born in the province of Ontario, Canada, between 2002 and 2017 using administrative health data and estimated CP prevalence in children aged 0 to 16 years overall and by specific population characteristics. We also examined temporal trends in CP rates – overall and by characteristics – in young children (0–4 years) by their year of birth between 2002 and 2013 (n=1 587 087 live births) to allow for an equal follow‐up time (4 years and 364 days) for all children.ResultsOverall CP prevalence among children aged 0 to 16 years was 2.52 (95% confidence interval 2.45–2.59) per 1000 live births. CP rates in ages 0 to 4 years peaked at 2.86 in 2007 births, but steadily declined afterwards to 1.94 per 1000 live births in 2013. CP rates were higher in children born preterm, small for gestational age, males, multiples, children with congenital malformations, and in children of young (<20 years), old (≥40 years), primiparous, or grand multiparous (≥4) mothers; differences by these characteristics decreased over time. We observed socioeconomic disparities in CP rates that persisted over time.InterpretationDespite the decreasing trend of CP rates overall, CP rates varied by the child and maternal characteristics over time.What this paper adds

Overall cerebral palsy (CP) prevalence was 2.5 per 1000 live births among children born from 2002 to 2017.
CP prevalence peaked in children born in 2007 then steadily decreased between 2007 and 2013.
Changes in CP rates varied over time by child and maternal characteristics.
Socioeconomic inequalities in CP persisted and remained stable over the study period.
Gender differences in bicuspid aortic valve Sievers types, valvulopathy, aortopathy, and outcome of aortic valve replacement
Authors: Li Yijia , Chen Xiongwen , Qi Yue , Qu Yichen , Kumar Akshay , Dong Songbo , Yang Yan , Zhao Qiong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe gender difference of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is not well understood.ObjectivesWe evaluated the impact of gender on the Sievers types, valvulopathy, aortopathy, and outcomes of aortic valve replacement (AVR) of BAV patients in a cohort of Chinese patients.MethodsAmong 992 BAV patients without aortic dissection nor congenital heart disease, 658 underwent AVR. The demography, Sievers types, valvulopathy, aortopathy, and outcomes of AVR were compared between genders.ResultsAortic regurgitation (AR ≥ 2+) (39.0% vs. 12.8%, p < .001), aortic root dilation only (3.8% vs. .8%, p = .014), and diffuse dilation (25.3% vs. 4.3%, p < .001) were more common in men, while moderate to severe aortic stenosis (AS) (21.3% vs. 45.7%, p < .001) and ascending dilation only (46.2% vs. 61.2%, p < .001) were more common in women. Men were more prone to develop preoperative AR ≥ 2+ (OR = 5.15, p < .001), moderate to severe AS + AR ≥ 2 + (OR = 2.95, p = .001), and Diffuse aortic dilation (OR = 3.91, p < .001). Sievers types did not have a significant effect on valvular dysfunction. Gender didn't predict early adverse events after AVR (n = 90) (HR = 1.21, p = .44), but male gender predicted a left ventricular ejection fraction <50% after AVR (OR = 3.07, p = .03).ConclusionsIn this BAV series of Chinese patients, gender didn't differ significantly in Sievers types of BAV but showed significant differences in valvulopathy, aortopathy, and LV function after AVR. In addition, the male patients developed more severe conditions at a younger age.
Efficacy and safety of regimens used for the treatment of multicentric Castleman disease: A systematic review
Authors: Rehman Mohammad Ebad Ur , Chattaraj Asmi , Neupane Karun , Rafae Abdul , Saeed Sajeel , Basit Jawad , Ibrahim Atif , Khouri Jack , Mukherjee Sudipto , Anwer Faiz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTreatment options for multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) remain limited. The only FDA‐approved drug is siltuximab for idiopathic MCD (iMCD), but the response rate with siltuximab is less than 50%. We performed a systematic review to examine the efficacy and safety of various regimens used for the treatment of MCD.MethodsA database search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov using the terms “Castleman disease,” “treatment outcome,” and “patient safety” was done.Results and ConclusionsResults from a randomized controlled trial and an extension study highlighted the efficacy and long‐term safety of siltuximab for iMCD; other trials showed tocilizumab to be a suitable alternative. A recent trial reported high response rates with thalidomide in iMCD patients. Promising results were reported for bortezomib in relapsed/ refractory MCD. For human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV8)‐associated MCD, rituximab along with doxorubicin therapy followed by maintenance with zidovudine and valganciclovir is the most effective therapy. A single‐arm trial has highlighted the potential role of tocilizumab in HHV8‐MCD. Data for these regimens are limited and mostly comprise nonrandomized trials. Further research on emerging agents could have a major impact on the treatment of this rare disease.