bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of spatial shifting in El Niño/Southern Oscillation complexity
Authors: Thual Sulian , Dewitte Boris 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represents the most consequential fluctuation of the global climate system, with dramatic societal and environmental impacts. Its general dynamics are reasonably well understood and they involve ocean-atmosphere interactions that modify the Walker circulation in the equatorial Pacific. However, some of its space-time features remain stubbornly elusive such as its event-to-event diversity and asymmetry. Here we show that the spatial shifting movements of the Walker circulation control the ENSO space-time complexity in a major way. We encapsulate these movements in a minimal model by simply reframing the general geometry of conventional recharge-discharge linear dynamics. With this modification alone, the model captures altogether the essential ingredients of ENSO diversity, asymmetry, nonlinearity, non-normality and leading principal components. It also manages to do so in substantially simpler fashion than previously considered, which improves our ability to address ENSO complexity. The present paradigm of spatial shifting participates towards a more unified understanding of the ENSO, with potentially far reaching implications down the lines of modelling and prediction.
Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes in Toona sinensis and Toona ciliata: Phylogenetic Relationship of Toona
Authors: Li Youli , Gu Min , Lin Jianna , Jiang Huier , Xiao Xingcui , Zhou Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Taking the chloroplast genomes of Toona sinensis (GenBank:OK572965) and Toona ciliata (GenBank:OK572964.1) as the research objects, the structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of their chloroplast (cp) genomes were researched. Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome sequence using Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology via a combination of annotations and simultaneously compared their cp genome structure features. Codon usage bias was aligned with the previously reported Azadirachta indica (KF986530), together with IR boundary analysis with other investigated relatives, and complete genome sequences were compared to each other to construct maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees. The results showed that (1) the chloroplast genomes of Toona sinensis and Toona ciliata exhibited typical quadripartite and circular structures that were relatively conserved in genomic structure and the synteny of gene order; both Toona sinensis and Toona ciliata annotated 125 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 29 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 8 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). (2) Fifteen and 13 palindromic repeats, 10 and 15 forward repeats and a single complementary repeat were detected in the chloroplast genomes of the two species. At the same time, 61 and 55 SSRs were identified, respectively, which were primarily located in the coding interval. There was a significant codon preference in the genome, with codons that end in A and T used much more frequently than synonymous codons. (3) IR boundary and sequence divergence analyse found some candidate fragments to identify the selected related species, such as trnH, ycf1,etc. (4) A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method, and the results revealed that Toona sinensis and Toona ciliata clustered into a single independent branch with high support. This investigation has established a theoretical foundation for plant identification, molecular marker development, conservation efforts, population dynamics and further study of phylogenetic processes. The availability of chloroplast genomes provides valuable genetic information for accurate identification, taxonomy, and phylogeny and contributes to the exploration and utilization of plants.
Effectiveness of a Social-Emotional Learning Program on Developmental Assets and Subjective Well-being.
Authors: Aghatabay Rabea , Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy , Vaezi Aliakbar , Rahimi Mehdi , Fallahzadeh Hosein , Alizadeh Somayeh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of SEL intervention designed based on social marketing on developmental assets and well-being of female adolescents in Yazd city.
Methods
This mixed-method quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2018–2019. 190 girl students were selected by multi-stage sampling from the female middle and high schools in Yazd City, Iran. Social-emotional learning (SEL) intervention designed based on social marketing principles was implemented among the parents and students of the intervention group. The control group did not receive any intervention. Quantitative data were collected in three stages: pre-test, post-test after 2 months, and follow-up after 6 months via developmental assets profile (DAP) and engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, and happiness (EPOCH) measure. A qualitative evaluation was also performed after the intervention
Results
Results of the Repeated-Measures test showed that the intervention significantly influenced social competence (sig = 0.02). Qualitative findings showed the effectiveness of the intervention on social competencies and positive identity.
Conclusions
The mixed-method evaluation of the SEL intervention conducted in the present study helped to understand the mutual nature of the effectiveness of SEL as well as identifying adherence and failure to complete the trained steps as the main reason to lower success in SEL.
Morphological relationships between external auditory canal and vital structures of tympanic cavity
Authors: Ohira Shinya , Komori Manabu , Nakamura Mitsuto , Matsumura Kentaro , Osafune Hiroshi , Kajiwara Riko , Wada Kota 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the morphology of the external auditory canal (EAC) using a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bone to corroborate and predict important anatomical structures involved in middle ear surgery based on the EAC morphology.Methods: Temporal bone CT from 62 patients (120 ears) was used to perform 3D reconstruction (maximum intensity projection), of which 32 patients (60 ears) had chronic otitis media and 30 patients (60 ears) had normal temporal bones. The anatomical morphology of the EAC, tympanic sinus, vertical portion of the facial nerve, and jugular bulb were measured, and the anatomical relationship between the EAC morphology and important structures of the middle ear was analyzed.Results: In ears with chronic otitis media, the overhang of the inferior wall of the EAC was significantly more than that in normal ears, and the antero-posterior length of the bony tympanic ring was short. Furthermore, the tympanic sinus was shallow, and vertical portion of the facial nerve tended to run outward. The EAC morphology correlated with the tympanic sinus depth and outward orientation of the vertical portion of the facial nerve.Conclusion: A severe overhang of the inferior wall of the EAC and short antero-posterior length of the bony tympanic ring indicates a higher possibility of a shallow tympanic sinus and an outward orientation of the vertical portion of the facial nerve. These findings aid in predicting the difficulty of tympanic sinus operation and reducing facial nerve damage risk during EAC excision.
Molecular insights into the distinct signaling duration for the peptide-induced PTH1R activation
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Zhai Xiuwen , Mao Chunyou , Shen Qingya , Zang Shaokun , Shen Dan-Dan , Zhang Huibing , Chen Zhaohong , Wang Gang , Zhang Changming , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a class B1 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays critical roles in bone turnover and Ca2+ homeostasis via mediating the actions of two distinct peptides, PTH and PTHrP. The major difference between the two endogenous peptides or their drugs analog, Teriparatide (PTH) and Abaloparatide (ABL), is their marked duration distinctions of the downstream signaling, a key determinant that is responsible for their distinct physiological or pharmacological properties. However, the mechanistic details underlying the distinct signaling behaviors remain obscure. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of PTH and ABL–bound PTH1R-Gs complexes. Structural comparisons showed that the two structures adopt similar overall conformations yet with notable conformational differences in the ECD regions of the receptor and the C-terminal portion of the peptides. 3D variability analysis and site-directed mutagenesis studies uncovered that the long-acting peptides– (PTH and LA-PTH) bound PTH1R–Gs complexes display less motions and are more tolerant of mutations in affecting the receptor signaling than the short-acting ABL–bound complexes. In addition, we combined the structural analysis and signaling assays, along with prior studies to delineate the molecular basis of the differential signaling durations induced by these peptides. Collectively, these findings not only provide insights into the ligand recognition and specificity of the two distinct peptides but also deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for their mediated prolonged or transient signaling.
Role of hsa_circ_0000280 in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell cycle and attenuating neointimal hyperplasia via ELAVL1
Authors: Wang Zunzhe , Wang Huating , Zhang Ya , Zhang Cheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The pathological proliferation of cells in vascular smooth muscle underlies neointimal hyperplasia development during atherosclerosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which represent novel functional biomarkers and RNA-binding proteins contribute to multiple cardiovascular diseases; however, their roles in regulating the vascular smooth muscle cell cycle remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to identify the roles of circRNAs in vascular smooth muscle during coronary heart disease (CHD). We identified CHD-related circRNAs by combining the sequencing results of circRNAs isolated from CHD samples and those that bound to human antigen R (ELAVL1). Interestingly, our results suggest that the CHD-related hsa_circ_0000280 inhibits cell proliferation and induces ELAVL1-dependent cell cycle arrest. In fact, gain/loss-of-function experiments and in vivo assays indicated that hsa_circ_0000280 acts as an endogenous scaffold that facilitates interactions between ELAVL1 and cyclin-dependent kinase suppressor 1 (CDKN1A) mRNA and the stabilization of this complex; the establishment of this interaction led to the arrest of the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint, inhibiting cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. Importantly, hsa_circ_0000280 reduced the neointimal thickness and smooth muscle cell proliferation in vivo. Altogether, findings reveal a novel pathway involving hsa_circ_0000280, ELAVL1, and CDKN1A mRNA. Therefore, the quantification and modulation of their expression may represent a potential diagnostic or therapeutic strategy for CHD.
A new R2R3-MYB transcription factor CmMYB42 improves low nitrogen stress tolerance of chrysanthemum
Authors: Ma Rui , Yang Sen , Liu Bowen , Geng Xi , Liu Yanhong , Sun Xia , Wang Wenli , Zheng Chengshu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new R2R3-MYB TF CmMYB42 was cloned. Overexpression and transient silencing of CmMYB42 in chrysanthemum indicated that it could regulate the response to low nitrogen stress.
Non-SUMOylated alternative spliced isoforms of alpha-synuclein are more aggregation-prone and toxic
Authors: Hassanzadeh Kambiz , morrone castrese , Akhtari keivan , Gerhardt ellen , Outerio Tiago , feligioni marco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background:
To date, four alternative splicing isoforms arising from exon skipping have been identified for α-Synuclein (α-Syn), the main constituent of the abnormal protein aggregation in Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast to the full length,140 amino acid α-Syn (α-Syn 140), little is known about the splice isoforms' properties and functions. Small ubiquitin-like modification, SUMOylation, is a post-translational modification that regulates α-Syn function, aggregation, and degradation. There is limited information about α-Syn isoforms, their SUMOylation, and whether SUMOylation modulates these proteins' activity and fate. Therefore, this study has aimed to characterize the SUMOylation of α-Syn isoforms and its impact on cell death and α-Syn aggregation.
Results:
In a cellular model of PD induced by rotenone, cell toxicity, SUMOylation, and α-Syn aggregation with or without isoforms overexpression were evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells. First, we found that rotenone induced cell toxicity and α-Syn aggregation, associated with a significant reduction of SUMOylation and autophagy. Interestingly, boosting the SUMOylation machinery by overexpressing SUMO-1 prevented the α-Syn aggregation and phosphorylation and recovered the autophagy activity. The findings also revealed that α-Syn 140 and α-Syn 126 (lacks exon 3) were SUMOylated while the other two isoforms, α-Syn 112 and 98, arise from exon 3 and exon 3, 5 skipping respectively were not. Moreover, overexpressing the isoforms showed that those lacking exon 5 were more toxic and induced more α-Syn aggregation. Their toxicity was exacerbated in the presence of rotenone and was not affected by boosting the SUMOylation.
Conclusions:
These results show that the non-SUMOylated isoforms of α-Syn are more toxic and they may shed light on the role of SUMOylation machinery in modulating α-Syn aggregation also as pharmacological target and may set the stage for understanding more about the behavior of α-Syn isoforms.
Reactive P/S/N-containing synergistic flame retardant towards eco-friendly durable flame-retardant cotton fabric: Flame-retardant property, durability and mechanism
Authors: Wang Peng , Tu Jiang , Zhao Qianyu , Guan Jinping , Xiao Hang , Wu Chunhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Developing eco-friendly durable flame-retardant cotton fabric not only expands its application area, but also caters to the healthy and environmentally friendly concept of consumers. Herein, a reactive P/S/N-containing synergistic flame retardant (PSN) was synthesized to prepare eco-friendly durable flame-retardant cotton fabric through chemical modifying method. ATR-FTIR and NMR data confirmed its successful synthesis of PSN. TGA data showed that PSN triggered the earlier degradation, while facilitated the char formation at high temperature of cotton fabric. Whiteness and tensile data demonstrated that the high-temperature acidic processing environment deteriorated the whiteness and tensile strength of cotton fabric. Flame-retardant data revealed that PSN conferred outstanding flame retardancy, fire safety and durability to cotton fabric. For treated fabric with the add-on of 14.2%, it achieved an LOI value of 36.5% and extinguished spontaneously even after 50 laundering cycles. PHRR, THR and FGI values of treated fabric decreased sharply in comparison with those of the control fabric. TG-FTIR, SEM and XPS analyses confirmed that PSN exhibited high-efficiency flame-retardant behavior because of the synergy between P, S and N elements.
Left atrial CT volume and CHA2DS2-VASc score predict pulmonary vein stump thrombus after left upper lobectomy
Authors: Takumi Koji , Nagano Hiroaki , Ueda Kazuhiro , Umehara Tadashi , Tokunaga Takuya , Kamimura Go , Sato Masami , Nakanosono Ryota , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the feasibility of left atrial (LA) volume measurement and CHA2DS2-VASc score for predicting the development of pulmonary vein (PV) stump thrombus after left upper lobectomy (LUL). The study population comprised 50 patients who underwent LUL for pulmonary lesions. All patients were evaluated for the development of PV stump thrombus at 7 days after LUL. LA volume was measured using preoperative CT and the CHA2DS2-VASc score was evaluated. LA volume and CHA2DS2-VASc score were compared between patients with and without the development of PV stump thrombus using the Mann–Whitney U test. Receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of prediction of PV stump thrombus development. PV stump thrombus was detected in 17 (33.4%) of the 50 patients. LA volume was significantly greater in patients who developed PV stump thrombus than in those without thrombus (79.7±19.4 vs 66.6±17.0 mL, p=0.040). CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly higher in patients with PV stump thrombosis than in those without thrombus (3.4±1.5 vs 2.5±1.5, p=0.039). Area under the ROC curve values for predicting PV stump thrombus were 0.679, 0.676, and 0.714 for LA volume, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and their combination, respectively. In conclusion, LA volume measured using preoperative CT and CHA2DS2-VASc score may help predict the development of PV stump thrombus after LUL.
Pathogenesis of plant-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Caenorhabditis elegans model
Authors: Ambreetha Sakthivel , Balachandar Dananjeyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally dreaded pathogen that triggers fatality in immuno-compromised individuals. The agricultural ecosystem is a massive reservoir of this bacterium, and several studies have recommended P. aeruginosa to promote plant growth. However, there were limited attempts to evaluate the health risks associated with plant-associated P. aeruginosa. The current study hypothesized that agricultural P. aeruginosa strains exhibit eukaryotic pathogenicity despite their plant-beneficial traits. ResultsWe have demonstrated that feeding with the plant-associated P. aeruginosa strains significantly affects C. elegans health. Out of the 18 P. aeruginosa strain tested, PPA03, PPA08, PPA10, PPA13, PPA14, PPA17, and PPA18 isolated from cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and chili exhibited higher virulence and pathogenicity. Correlation studies indicated that nearly 40% of mortality in C. elegans was triggered by the P. aeruginosa strains with high pyocyanin levels (>9 µg/ml). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that plant-associated P. aeruginosa could be a potential threat to human health similar to the clinical strains. Pyocyanin could be a potential biomarker to screen the pathogenic P. aeruginosa strains in the agricultural ecosystem.
DNA-PKcs regulates myogenesis in an AKT-dependent manner independent of induced DNA damage
Authors: Sutcu Haser , Ricchetti Miria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration relies on muscle stem (satellite) cells. We previously demonstrated that satellite cells efficiently and accurately repair radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via the DNA-dependent kinase DNA-PKcs. We show here that DNA-PKcs affects myogenesis independently of its role in DSB repair. Consequently, this process does not require the accumulation of DSBs and it is also independent of caspase-induced DNA damage. We report that in myogenic cells DNA-PKcs is essential for the expression of the differentiation factor Myogenin in an Akt2-dependent manner. DNA-PKcs interacts with the p300-containing complex that activates Myogenin transcription. We show also that SCID mice that are deficient in DNA-PKcs, and are used for transplantation and muscle regeneration studies, display altered myofiber composition and delayed myogenesis upon injury. These defects are exacerbated after repeated injury/regeneration events resulting in reduced muscle size. We thus identify a novel regulator of myogenic differentiation, and define a differentiation phase that does not involve the DNA damage/repair process.
Decreased susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to both dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine in northern Uganda
Authors: Tumwebaze Patrick , Conrad Melissa , Okitwi Martin , Orena Stephen , Byaruhanga Oswald , Katairo Thomas , Legac Jenny , Garg Shreeya , Giesbrecht David , Smith Sawyer , Ceja Frida , Nsobya Samuel , Bailey Jeffrey , Cooper Roland , Rosenthal Philip 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Artemisinin resistance may facilitate selection of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to combination therapy partner drugs. We evaluated 99 P. falciparum isolates collected in 2021 from northern Uganda, where resistance-associated PfK13 C469Y and A675V mutations have emerged, and eastern Uganda, where these mutations are uncommon. With the ex vivo ring survival assay, isolates with the 469Y mutation (median survival 7.3% for mutant, 2.5% mixed, and 1.4% wild type) and/or mutations in Pfcoronin or falcipain-2a, had significantly greater survival; all isolates with survival > 5% had mutations in at least one of these proteins. With ex vivo growth inhibition assays, susceptibility to lumefantrine (IC50 14.6 vs. 6.9 nM, p < 0.0001) and dihydroartemisinin (2.3 vs. 1.5 nM, p = 0.003) was decreased in northern vs. eastern Uganda; 14/49 northern vs. 0/38 eastern isolates had lumefantrine IC50 > 20 nM (p = 0.0002). Targeted sequencing of 819 isolates from 2015-21 identified multiple polymorphisms associated with altered drug susceptibility, notably decreased susceptibility to lumefantrine with PfK13 469Y (p = 6x10− 8) and chloroquine with PfCRT mutations (p = 1x10− 20). Our results raise concern regarding activity of artemether-lumefantrine, the first-line antimalarial in Uganda.
Electrotaxis Behaviour of Droplets Composed of Aqueous Belousov-Zhabotinsky Solutions Suspended in Oil Phase
Authors: Back Oliver , Asally Munehiro , Wang Zuowei , Hayashi Yoshikatsu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Taxis is ubiquitous in biological and physical chemistry systems as a response to various external stimulations. We prepared aqueous droplets containing Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) solutions suspended on an oleic acid oil phase subject to DC electric field, and found that these BZ droplets undergo chemically driven translational motion towards the negative electrode under DC electric field. This electrotaxis phenomenon originates from the field-induced inhomogeneous distribution of reactants, in particular Br − ions, and consequently biased location of the leading centers towards the positive electrode. Chemical wave generated from the leading centre propagates passing the droplet centre of mass, and creates a gradient of interfacial tension when reaching the droplet-oil interface on the other side, resulting in a momentum exchange between the droplet and oil phases which drives the droplet move in the opposite direction of the electric field. A greater electric field strength renders stronger electrotaxis effect.
WITHDRAWN: Multi-Phase Study to Designing Sorter Machine with Focus on the Workstation Problems by Unify the QEC and Industrial Design Prototyping Techniques
Authors: Ipaki Baham , Molenbroek Johan , Merrikhpour Zahra , Faregh Seyed Ali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Workstations comprise a set of tools, machines, environments etc. This complicates the problem finding in the design process. A solution for it is good prototyping. Since each prototyping tool in design has advantages and disadvantages and minimal performance, combining and using it in a custom design process based on the existing conditions and design issues can give freedom for the designers to better understand engineering flaws for optimal design. This design study comprises two parts; Phase 1 focused on finding the problem when using the QEC tool, evaluating it and establishing an effective relationship between problem-solving and finding a solution in an apple sorting machine as a design case. In phase 2, based on problems listed from the initial phase, We, were designed a concept of the apple sorting machine evaluated by some industrial design prototyping techniques and QEC. This design study shows the benefits of using QEC as an ergonomic assessment tool for modelling the users' problems when interacting with anthropometric structure products and shows how issues extracted with the help of QEC can be translated into the design language.