bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Mechanistic Transformation for Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Leached Rice‐Straw Biochar
Authors: Bhardwaj Akanksha , Nag Shilpa , Dahiya Amarjeet , Pandey Puneeta , Arora Meenu , Babu J. Nagendra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leached biochar is studied for adsorption of methylene blue (MB). Rice straw biochar obtained from slow pyrolysis at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively, is TCLP leached to furnish leached biochar, BL4, BL5, and BL6. The leached biochar BL4–6 have been characterized for pH, CHN analysis, ash, zeta potential, surface area morphology and functional groups. Batch adsorption studies are optimized for pH (3–9), adsorbent dose (0.5–4 g L−1), and initial MB concentration (20–135 mg L−1). Nonlinear fitting to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich‐Peterson adsorption isotherm with due statistical treatment and error function analysis is carried out. Leached biochar, BL4, BL5, and BL6, is characterized by the dominance of carboxylic acid, lactone, and phenols moieties, respectively. The MB adsorption on leached biochar exhibits maximum adsorption of 26.87, 51.34, and 18.83 mg g−1 for BL4, BL5, and BL6, respectively. The underlying mechanism for adsorption of MB using BL5, is characterized by non‐ionic lactone ring opening in presence of MB under alkaline conditions that is supported by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. Desorption of MB and regeneration from BL5 is studied with methanol and 0.1 m HCl as stripping solvent for four cycles. Recovery of MB is better with methanol in comparison to 0.1 m HCl.
Iron‐Doped Ni−Al Layered Double Hydroxide as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhou Qi , Huang Guanru , Feng Chenchen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a good alternative to precious metals in terms of oxygen evolution electrocatalysis. The doping of various elements into LDH has been widely investigated in order to further minimize the oxygen evolution overpotential. Herein, by using the cation exchange method, we design and construct a Fe‐doped Ni−Al LDH nanoplatelets (NAF LDH‐25). Fe3+ enter the nickel and aluminum vacancies smoothly as a result of the dual action of corrosion and cation exchange, and iron ion activity is optimized. Meanwhile, strong interaction of Ni and Fe, effect of Al on electronic structure and the structural advantages of two‐dimensional nanoplatelets, as a result, the as‐prepared NAF LDH‐25 exhibits extremely low overpotential (288 mV) at high current density of 100 mA cm−2. The NAF LDH‐25 also showed excellent stability in the 72 h chronopotentiometry test. Therefore, cation exchange strategy provides a new option for the preparation of practical OER catalysts.
Cytologic analysis of a glomus tumor in the left second toe: Case report
Authors: Hwang Jay , McDowell Susan , Cole Bradley , Huber Aaron , Reyes Maria Cecilia D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a 66‐year‐old female with a glomus tumor diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) at the subungual region of her left second toe. Cytologic findings include cohesive clusters of round, uniform cells with scant cytoplasm. Nuclei were monotonous with fine chromatin. No cellular atypia, nuclear inclusions, mitotic figures, nor nucleoli were identified. Cells were surrounded by thick wisps of magenta colored myxoid material reminiscent of a pleomorphic adenoma. Few spindle shaped cells could be seen near the border of the tumor clusters. Staining was positive for alpha‐smooth muscle actin. This case report presents one of few FNA diagnosed glomus tumors.
Children's vocabulary and friendships: A comparative study between children with and without Specific Learning Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Kouvava Sofia , Antonopoulou Katerina , Ralli Asimina M. , Kokkinos Constantinos M. , Maridaki‐Kassotaki Katerina 
Published: February 2022

Language skills are important in the formation and maintenance of friendships. Children with specific learning disorder (SLD) or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience difficulties with their relationships and have language‐related problems. This study aims to examine how expressive and receptive vocabulary may relate to friendships of children with and without SLD or ADHD. Participants were 64 children with SLD, 64 children with ADHD, and 64 typically developing (TD) children, aged 8–12 years (Mage = 9.77 years,SD = 1.22), attending Grades 3 to 6 in inclusive primary schools of Attica, Greece. The Greek versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the expressive vocabulary subscale of the WISC‐III were administered along with the sociometric nominations of friends and the self‐reports of best friendship duration. Results showed that children with SLD and ADHD reported best friendships of shorter duration and had significantly poorer receptive and expressive vocabulary. Children with ADHD had significantly fewer close and best friends than children with SLD, who in turn had significantly fewer close and best friends than the TD children. Children's vocabulary in all three groups was positively correlated with the duration of their best friendships and was found to moderately predict children's close friendships.
Urban net primary production: Concepts, field methods, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA case study
Authors: Sonti Nancy F. , Groffman Peter M. , Nowak David J. , Henning Jason G. , Avolio Meghan L. , Rosi Emma J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven the large and increasing amount of urban, suburban, and exurban land use on Earth, there is a need to accurately assess net primary productivity (NPP) of urban ecosystems. However, the heterogeneous and dynamic urban mosaic presents challenges to the measurement of NPP, creating landscapes that may appear more similar to a savanna than to the native landscape replaced. Studies of urban biomass have tended to focus on one type of vegetation (e.g., lawns or trees). Yet a focus on the ecology of the city should include the entire urban ecosystem rather than the separate investigation of its parts. Furthermore, few studies have attempted to measure urban aboveground NPP (ANPP) using field‐based methods. Most studies project growth rates from measurements of tree diameter to estimate annual ANPP or use remote sensing approaches. In addition, field‐based methods for measuring NPP do not address any special considerations for adapting such field methods to urban landscapes. Frequent planting and partial or complete removal of herbaceous and woody plants can make it difficult to accurately quantify increments and losses of plant biomass throughout an urban landscape. In this study, we review how ANPP of urban landscapes can be estimated based on field measurements, highlighting the challenges specific to urban areas. We then estimated ANPP of woody and herbaceous vegetation over a 15‐year period for Baltimore, MD, USA using a combination of plot‐based field data and published values from the literature. Baltimore's citywide ANPP was estimated to be 355.8 g m−2, a result that we then put into context through comparison with other North American Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and mean annual precipitation. We found our estimate of Baltimore citywide ANPP to be only approximately half as much (or less) than ANPP at forested LTER sites of the eastern United States, and more comparable to grassland, oldfield, desert, or boreal forest ANPP. We also found that Baltimore had low productivity for its level of precipitation. We conclude with a discussion of the significance of accurate assessment of primary productivity of urban ecosystems and critical future research needs.
Characterization of site‐specific vegetation activity in Alaskan wet and dry tundra as related to climate and soil state
Authors: Brown Michael Gregory , McDonald Kyle C. , Zimmermann Reiner , Steiner Nicholas , DeVries Stephanie , Bourgeau‐Chavez Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present discrete (2‐h resolution) multi‐year (2008–2017) in situ measurements of seasonal vegetation growth and soil biophysical properties from two sites on Alaska's North Slope, USA, representing dry and wet sedge tundra. We examine measurements of vertical active soil layer temperature and soil moisture profiles (freeze/thaw status), woody shrub vegetation physiological activity, and meteorological site data to assess interrelationships within (and between) these two study sites. Vegetation phenophases (cold de‐hardening start, physiological function start, stem growth start, stem growth end, physiological function end, cold hardening completion) were found to have greater interannual day of year (DOY) occurrence variability at the dry site compared with the wet site. At the dry site, vegetation activity begins on average ~7 days earlier and ends ~11 days earlier. The mean active stem growth window lasts ~54 days for the dry site and ~51 days for the wet site. Vegetation, in both tundra environments, began cold de‐hardening functions (warm season prep) prior to atmospheric temperatures warming above 0°C. Similar results were found related to the critical soil freeze/thaw/transition dates; the dry site had a DOY phenophase occurrence range that was 8 days larger than that of the wet site. A longer continuous summer thaw period was captured at the wet site by ~26 days throughout the active layer. In addition, the dry site was measured to have longer spring and fall soil isothermal conditions than the wet site by ~9 and 5 days throughout the active layer. These results show that the dry site's willow shrub vegetation physiology and soil condition phenology is more variable than the wet site. Alongside the in situ data, a remote sensing product from NASA's MEaSUREs program was utilized; our research indicates that the AMSR‐derived satellite product is more precise over the wet tundra site with critical date alignment between remote sensing observations and in situ measurements ranging from ~4 to 11 days. Furthermore, the AMSR product was shown to preemptively estimate land surface condition change during the spring transition for both tundra types while lagging during the fall transition and freeze‐up periods.
The use of angiotensin II receptor blocker is associated with greater recovery of cardiac function than angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Enzan Nobuyuki , Matsushima Shouji , Ide Tomomi , Tohyama Takeshi , Funakoshi Kouta , Higo Taiki , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to be associated with recovery of cardiac function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to assess comparative effectiveness of ACEis vs. ARBs on recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among patients with DCM.Methods and resultsWe analysed the clinical personal records of DCM, a national database of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, from 2003 to 2014. Patients with LVEF < 40% and on either ACEis or ARBs were included. Eligible patients were divided into two groups according to the use of ACEis or ARBs. A one‐to‐one propensity case‐matched analysis was used. The primary outcome was defined as LVEF ≥ 40% at 3 years of follow‐up. Out of 4618 eligible patients, 2238 patients received ACEis and 2380 patients received ARBs. Propensity score matching yielded 1341 pairs. Mean age was 56.0 years, 2041 (76.1%) were male, median duration of heart failure was 1 year, and mean LVEF was 27.6%. The primary outcome was observed more frequently in ARB group than in ACEi group (59.8% vs. 54.1%; odds ratio 1.26; 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.47; P = 0.003). The per‐protocol analysis showed similar results (62.0% vs. 54.0%; odds ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.66; P < 0.001). The change in LVEF from baseline to 3 years of follow‐up was greater in ARB group than in ACEi group (15.8 ± 0.4% vs. 14.0 ± 0.4%, P = 0.003). The subgroup analysis showed that this effect was observed independently of systolic blood pressure, heart rate, LVEF, chronic kidney disease, and concomitant use of beta‐blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.ConclusionsThe use of ARBs was associated with LVEF recovery more frequently than ACEis among patients with DCM and reduced LVEF.
Functional improvement following direct interventional leaflet repair of severe tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Volz Martin J. , Hoerbrand Isabel , Konstandin Mathias H. , Mereles Derliz , Weiss Celine , Warnecke Gregor , Frey Norbert , Aurich Matthias , Raake Philip W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsSeveral new percutaneous tricuspid repair systems have recently been introduced as new treatment options for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Clinical improvement following percutaneous tricuspid valve leaflet repair has been demonstrated by recent studies. A possible impact on exercise capacity has not yet been reported.Methods and resultsEleven patients with at least severe TR and successful tricuspid leaflet repair using the PASCAL Ace implant at our cardiology department were included in this analysis. All patients suffered from symptomatic right‐sided heart failure with compromised exercise capacity. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months follow‐up. The primary endpoint was the change in maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max (mL/(min*kg))] at 3 months follow‐up. Secondary endpoints included improvement in TR, cardiac biomarkers, and other clinical outcomes. TR severity at 3 months follow‐up post‐PASCAL Ace implantation was significantly lower than at baseline (P = 0.004). Cardiac biomarkers including high‐sensitivity troponin T and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide as well as right ventricular diameter improved slightly without reaching statistical significance (P = 0.89, P = 0.32, and P = 0.06, respectively). PASCAL Ace implantation resulted in a significant improvement in cardiopulmonary exercise capacity at 3 months follow‐up compared with baseline. Mean VO2 max improved from 9.5 ± 2.8 to 11.4 ± 3.4 mL/(min*kg) (P = 0.006), VO2 max per cent predicted from 42 ± 12% to 50 ± 15% (P = 0.004), peak oxygen uptake from 703 ± 175 to 826 ± 198 mL/min (P = 0.004), and O2 pulse per cent predicted from 67 ± 21% to 81 ± 25% (P = 0.011). Other CPET‐related outcomes did not show any significant change over time.ConclusionsIn this single‐centre retrospective analysis, direct tricuspid valve leaflet repair using the transcatheter PASCAL Ace implant system was associated with a reduced TR severity and improved cardiopulmonary exercise capacity.
The habituation fallacy: Disaster victims who are repeatedly victimised are assumed to suffer less, and they are helped less
Authors: Zagefka Hanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper tests the effects of lay beliefs that disaster victims who have been victimised by other events in the past will cope better with a new adverse event than first‐time victims. It is shown that believing that disaster victims can get habituated to suffering reduces helping intentions towards victims of repeated adversity, because repeatedly victimised victims are perceived to be less traumatised by a new adverse event. In other words, those who buy into habituation beliefs will impute less trauma and suffering to repeated victims compared to first‐time victims, and they will therefore feel less inclined to help those repeatedly victimised victims. This was demonstrated in a series of six studies, two of which were preregistered (total N = 1010). Studies 1, 2, and 3 showed that beliefs that disaster victims become habituated to pain do indeed exist among lay people. Such beliefs are factually inaccurate, because repeated exposure to severe adversity makes it harder, not easier, for disaster victims to cope with a new negative event. Therefore, we call this belief the ‘habituation fallacy’. Studies 2, 3, and 4 demonstrated an indirect negative effect of a belief in the ‘habituation fallacy’ on ‘helping intentions’, via lesser ‘trauma’ ascribed to victims who had previously been victimised. Studies 5 and 6 demonstrated that a belief in the ‘habituation fallacy’ causally affects trauma ascribed to, and helping intentions towards, repeatedly victimised victims, but not first‐time victims. The habituation fallacy can potentially explain reluctance to donate to humanitarian causes in those geographical areas that frequently fall prey to disasters.
Mast cell density and its clinical relevance in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Lemal Richard , Poulain Stéphanie , Ledoux‐Pilon Albane , Veronese Lauren , Tchirkov Andrei , Lebecque Benjamin , Tassin Thomas , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Charlotte Frédéric , Nguyen‐Khac Florence , Berger Marc , Godfraind Catherine , Ysebaert Loïc , Davi Frédéric , Pereira Bruno , Leblond Véronique , Hermine Olivier , Guièze Romain , Pagès Franck , Tournilhac Olivier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe presence of numerous mast cells (MCs) mixed with tumor cells in the bone marrow (BM) is a hallmark of the diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). MCs have been shown to support lymphoplasmacytic cell growth, but there is thus far no demonstration of the prognostic impact of BM MC density in WM. We investigated BM MC density by sensitive and specific digital quantification, allowing the analysis of a large area infiltrated by BM tumor cells. A total of 65 WM patients were investigated, including 54 at diagnosis and 11 at relapse. Tryptase and CD20 immunohistochemisty staining was performed on contiguous sections of deparaffinized BM trephine biopsies. After numerization of each section, the BM surface area was manually marked out, excluding the bone framework and adipocytes to limit the analyses to only hematopoietic tissue. MCs were assessed using a digital tool previously used to quantify immune‐cell infiltrates on tumor‐tissue sections. Deep next‐generation sequencing and allele‐specific PCR were used to explore the MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status. MC density was heterogeneous among the WM patients. An optimal MC density threshold (> 56 MC.mm–2) was defined according to ROC curve analysis of overall survival. A higher MC density (> 56 MC.mm–2) was associated with greater BM involvement by WM lymphoplasmacytic cells and less hepatosplenic involvement (p = 0.023). Furthermore, MC density significantly correlated with a higher ISSWM score (p = 0.0003) in symptomatic patients. Patients with a higher MC density showed shorter median OS (56.5 months vs. nonreached, p = 0.0004), even in multivariate analysis after controlling for other predictive variables, such as age, ISSWM score, and CXCR4 mutational status. In conclusion, MC density can be accurately measured in WM patients using a specific digital tool on well‐outlined hematopoietic tissue surfaces. High MC density is associated with aggressive features and a poor clinical outcome, emphasizing the need for further investigation of the involvement of MCs in the pathophysiology of WM.
Mitigation strategies to safely conduct HIV treatment research in the context of COVID‐19
Authors: Henderson Merle , Fidler Sarah , Mothe Beatriz , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Haire Bridget , Collins Simon , Lau Jillian S. Y. , Luba Maureen , Sanne Ian , Tatoud Roger , Deeks Steve , Lewin Sharon R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe International AIDS Society convened a multidisciplinary committee of experts in December 2020 to provide guidance and key considerations for the safe and ethical management of clinical trials involving people living with HIV (PLWH) during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. This consultation did not discuss guidance for the design of prevention studies for people at risk of HIV acquisition, nor for the programmatic delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART).DiscussionThere is strong ambition to continue with HIV research from both PLWH and the research community despite the ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. How to do this safely and justly remains a critical debate. The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic continues to be highly dynamic. It is expected that with the emergence of effective SARS‐CoV‐2 prevention and treatment strategies, the risk to PLWH in clinical trials will decline over time. However, with the emergence of more contagious and potentially pathogenic SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, the effectiveness of current prevention and treatment strategies may be compromised. Uncertainty exists about how equally SARS‐CoV‐2 prevention and treatment strategies will be available globally, particularly for marginalized populations, many of whom are at high risk of reduced access to ART and/or HIV disease progression. All of these factors must be taken into account when deciding on the feasibility and safety of developing and implementing HIV research.ConclusionsIt can be assumed for the foreseeable future that SARS‐CoV‐2 will persist and continue to pose challenges to conducting clinical research in PLWH. Guidelines regarding how best to implement HIV treatment studies will evolve accordingly. The risks and benefits of performing an HIV clinical trial must be carefully evaluated in the local context on an ongoing basis. With this document, we hope to provide a broad guidance that should remain viable and relevant even as the nature of the pandemic continues to develop.
Influence on grape aromatic compounds of natural fungicides used for the control of downy mildew
Authors: Pérez‐Álvarez Eva P. , Marinozzi Sofia , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Romanazzi Gianfranco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe grape volatile fraction determines to a great extent its aroma, which is one of the most important characteristics influencing wine quality and consumer preferences. Grapevine downy mildew (GDM) is one of the most important and devastating diseases of grapevines worldwide. In this study, the impact on the volatile composition of cv. Verdicchio grapes of classical copper formulations, was compared to that of alternative products. Thus, 11 treatments were foliar applied throughout one grapevine cycle.RESULTSMost of the volatile compounds present in the grapes were not affected by the treatments used in order to prevent GDM. In the case of the total C13 norisoprenoids, some differences were found between grapes untreated control and those applied with the grapefruit seed extract. Moreover, the content of alcohols was smaller in grapes from Bordeaux mixture treatment and higher in the samples from chitosan application.CONCLUSIONTherefore, from the qualitative point of view of the berry, treatment with tested products alternative to copper is recommended, which minimize the environmental and health problems that this heavy metal brings to the soil and in the winery, since it means that their applications did not affect the grape aroma. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry