bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unassisted photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction by employing III–V photoelectrode with 15% solar‐to‐fuel efficiency
Authors: Peramaiah Karthik , Varadhan Purushothaman , Ramalingam Vinoth , Khan Bilawal , Das Pradip Kumar , Huang Hao , Fu Hui‐Chun , Yang Xiulin , Tung Vincent , Huang Kuo‐Wei , He Jr‐Hau 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSolar‐driven carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides an opportunity to produce value‐added chemical feedstocks and fuels. However, achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2RR into selective products is challenging owing to the difficulties associated with the optical and the electrical configuration of PEC devices and electrocatalyst properties. Herein, we construct an efficient, concentrated sunlight‐driven CO2RR setup consisting of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple‐junction cell as a photoanode and oxide‐derived Au (Ox‐Au) as a cathode to perform the unassisted PEC CO2RR. Under one‐sun illumination, a maximum operating current density of 11.5 mA cm–2 with an impressive Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ~98% is achieved for carbon monoxide (CO) production, leading to a solar‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency of ~15%. Under concentrated intensity of 10 sun, the photoanode records a maximum current density of ~124 mA cm–2 and maintains ~60% of FE for CO production. The results demonstrate crucial advancements in using III–V based photoanodes for concentrated PEC CO2RR.
Antipyretic Effect of Dexibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen in Children With Fever Caused by Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Zhao Chengsong , Zhao Lin , Xie Juanjuan , Wang Xinli , Li Changchong , Cheng Huanji , Shen Kunling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDexibuprofen is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of ibuprofen. However, its application as an antipyretic in children with fever caused by upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) requires more evidence. This study aimed to compare the antipyretic effect between dexibuprofen and ibuprofen in children with fever caused by URTI. Totally, 281 subjects were randomly assigned to the dexibuprofen (N = 142) or ibuprofen (N = 139) group at a 1:1 ratio. The subjects in the dexibuprofen or ibuprofen group were administered dexibuprofen + ibuprofen mimetic solution or ibuprofen + dexibuprofen mimetic solution 1‐4 times per day. Dexibuprofen was considered at least as effective as ibuprofen if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the mean difference in axillary temperature change at 4 hours was greater than −0.3°C. The axillary temperature change after 4 hours was 1.3°C in the dexibuprofen group and 1.4°C in the ibuprofen group. The difference in axillary temperature change at 4 hours was −0.10°C (95% CI, −0.27 to 0.09°C) between the 2 groups, and the lower limit of the 95% CI was greater than −0.3°C, suggesting a comparable antipyretic effect of dexibuprofen to ibuprofen. The axillary temperature change from baseline, rates of normal axillary temperature at 4 hours, time to normal axillary temperature, and disease‐related symptoms at 24 or 48 hours were not different between the dexibuprofen and ibuprofen groups (all P > .05). The incidence of adverse events did not differ between the 2 groups (all P > .05). In conclusion, dexibuprofen has a comparable antipyretic effect and safety profile to ibuprofen in Chinese children with fever caused by URTI.
Numerical simulations and experimental verifications at micro‐, meso‐, and macroscales of droplet evaporation: A comprehensive review with special focus on saline droplets
Authors: Ning Youchen , Gan Yunhua , Dong Chuanshuai , Qi Ronghui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEvaporation of saline droplets significantly impacts industrial processes such as water and gas treatment. Simulations, with advantages in describing temperature, concentration, and velocity distribution inside the droplet, receive increasing attentions. This paper summarized research on numerical simulations of droplet evaporation at micro‐, meso‐, and macroscales, emphasizing saline or multicomponent droplets. Accurate description of physics at phase interfaces and within proves to be critical for modeling. While recent studies have investigated on interface motion and temperature distribution, the coupling effect of internal concentration and flow distribution is still rarely considered. Among numerical methods, the lattice Boltzmann method is suitable for droplet scale due to its ability to handle non‐continuum behavior. Bridging multiscale models remains a challenge, particularly in describing Marangoni and capillary flows. Experimental approaches to the effects of external physical fields (electric, magnetic, convection, and laser) and substrate properties on evaporation were also reviewed. Visualizing evaporation under various conditions can validate macroscopic models, while experiments with different substrates can validate molecular scale simulations, as substrate properties primarily affect evaporation by affecting capillary flow at the droplet bottom. This paper comprehensively reviewed numerical research on droplet evaporation, and analyzed the advantages, limitations, and development directions of various numerical methods.
Effect of gas flow rate on bubble formation on superhydrophobic surface
Authors: O'Coin Daniel , Ling Hangjian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe experimentally studied the effect of gas flow rate Q on the bubble formation on a superhydrophobic surface (SHS). We varied Q in the range of 0.001 < Q/Qcr < 0.35, where Qcr is the critical value for a transition from the quasi‐static regime to the dynamic regime. The bubble geometrical parameters and forces acting on the bubble were calculated. We found that as Q increase, the bubble detached volume (Vd) increased. After proper normalization, the relationship between Vd and Q generally agreed with those observed for bubbles detaching from hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, we found that Q had a minor impact on bubble shape and the duration of bubble necking due to the negligible momentum of injected gas compared to surface tension and hydrostatic pressure. Lastly, we explained the primary reason for the larger Vd at higher flow rates, which was increased bubble volume during the necking process. Our results enhanced the fundamental understanding of bubble formation on complex surfaces and could provide potential solutions for controlling bubble generation and extending the application of SHS for drag reduction, anti‐fouling, and heat and mass transfer enhancement.
Programmable optical window bonding enabled 3D printing of high‐resolution transparent microfluidic devices for biomedical applications
Authors: Ye Mengguang , Xue Yuxiang , Zhao Hongyu , Hazelton Patricia , Ji Yuxuan , McHale Glen , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraditional technologies for manufacturing microfluidic devices often involve the use of molds for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) casting generated from photolithography techniques, which are time‐consuming, costly, and difficult to use in generating multilayered structure. As an alternative, 3D printing allows rapid and cost‐effective prototyping and customization of complex microfluidic structures. However, 3D‐printed devices are typically opaque and are challenging to create small channels. Herein, we introduce a novel “programmable optical window bonding” 3D printing method that incorporates the bonding of an optical window during the printing process, facilitating the fabrication of transparent microfluidic devices with high printing fidelity. Our approach allows direct and rapid manufacturing of complex microfluidic structure without the use of molds for PDMS casting. We successfully demonstrated the applications of this method by fabricating a variety of microfluidic devices, including perfusable chips for cell culture, droplet generators for spheroid formation, and high‐resolution droplet microfluidic devices involving different channel width and height for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing. Overall, our 3D printing method demonstrates a rapid and cost‐effective approach for manufacturing microfluidic devices, particularly in the biomedical field, where rapid prototyping and high‐quality optical analysis are crucial.
TeenGrowth: Individualized Estimations of Weight‐Related Risk and Recovery Metrics for Young People With Eating Disorders
Authors: Schaumberg Katherine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhile weight restoration and/or stabilization is crucial for successful treatment and sustained recovery from restrictive eating disorders (EDs), it is often challenging to define an individual's expected healthy body weight. This paper introduces the TeenGrowth package and its web‐based application, designed to calculate and forecast predicted body mass index (BMI) and weight across adolescence.MethodTeenGrowth includes functions for data cleaning, predicted BMI z‐score and BMI calculations, and growth forecasting. The accompanying Shiny web application provides a user‐friendly interface, enabling the identification of predicted weights for individuals. Through a series of 30 computer‐simulated datasets for 1100 individuals (1000 “healthy” and 100 “ED”), the package's options for predictive models are evaluated.ResultsSimulation results highlight the potential for use in ED screening and treatment and guide users on modeling options. Prediction of adolescent BMI was more accurate for TeenGrowth models, specifically mean pre‐ED BMIz, most recent pre‐ED BMIz, or the combination of these metrics (median BMI error for these methods across all simulations = 0.69) when compared to predictions at the 50th percentile of population‐based norms (median BMI error = 2.15). Aggregated across simulation approaches, results further support optimal accuracy in identifying ED cases when using mean, most recent, or mean + most recent methods (mean ED case classification accuracy = 0.86) as compared to the use of a population‐based metric—85% of the 50th percentile BMI (mean classification accuracy = 0.61).DiscussionThe introduction of TeenGrowth represents a first step towards setting reproducible, personalized predicted body weights for young people.
Serbian Traditional Spirit Enriched With Yellow Gentian and Saline Wormwood: Volatile Profile and Sensory Traits
Authors: Veljović Sonja , Cvetković Dragan , Petrović Marija , Luković Milica , Karabegović Ivana , Vukosavljević Predrag , Stevanović Zora Dajić 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSince ancient times numerous, aromatic and medicinal herbs have been commonly used for the production of various herbal beverages. The effect of yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea) and saline wormwood (Artemisia santonicum) on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile compounds and the sensory properties of the Serbian traditional plum brandy (“slivovitz”) was investigated. Simultaneously, similar commercial alcoholic beverages obtained from the local market have been researched for comparison. Eighty‐nine volatile compounds were detected by GC–MS analysis in tested herbal spirits. More than 30% of detected volatile compounds belong to esters, whereas fatty acid esters contributed to the flavour with pleasant fruity and floral notes. The addition of A. santonicum improved the complexity of volatile profiles, with the main contribution of ketones. On the other hand, the phenylethyl alcohol, typical for its pleasant odour, was exclusively detected in samples enriched by yellow gentian. Saline wormwood contains compounds of a higher influence on lightness compared to the gentian root, whose compounds have increased the red colour intensity of the alcoholic product. The volatile compounds of yellow gentian and saline wormwood enriched the sensory properties of alcohol spirits, both contributing to the fruity aroma, with differences in spicy and herbal aroma, respectively. Extractible compounds of the studied herbs increased the complexity of the volatile profile, which significantly improved the aroma of herbal spirits. Selected herbs, already known for their traditional ethnomedicinal uses in the Balkans, could be considered as valuable material for production of functional beverages of attractive sensory traits.
Microglial Responses to Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: Insights From “Omics” Studies
Authors: Reid Aquene N. , Jayadev Suman , Prater Katherine E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHuman genetics studies lent firm evidence that microglia are key to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis over a decade ago following the identification of AD‐associated genes that are expressed in a microglia‐specific manner. However, while alterations in microglial morphology and gene expression are observed in human postmortem brain tissue, the mechanisms by which microglia drive and contribute to AD pathology remain ill‐defined. Numerous mouse models have been developed to facilitate the disambiguation of the biological mechanisms underlying AD, incorporating amyloidosis, phosphorylated tau, or both. Over time, the use of multiple technologies including bulk tissue and single cell transcriptomics, epigenomics, spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics have shed light on the heterogeneity of microglial phenotypes and molecular patterns altered in AD mouse models. Each of these 'omics technologies provide unique information and biological insight. Here, we review the literature on the approaches and findings of these methods and provide a synthesis of the knowledge generated by applying these technologies to mouse models of AD.
Exploring Summer Precipitation Stable Isotopes in the Monsoon Border Zone: Environmental Drivers and Moisture Source Tracing
Authors: Guo Xin , Li Wenbao , Shi Xiaohong , Shi Yujiao , Arvola Lauri 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrecipitation processes in the monsoon border zone (MBZ) of China remain unclear because of the complex hydro‐climatic interactions. This study analyzes the temporal variation of δ2H and δ18O in precipitation and its influencing factors based on samples of precipitation events in Lake Dali during summer from 2018 to 2020. The results showed significant monthly isotopic variability, characterised by lower δ2H and δ18O values in July with averages of −103.62‰ and −14.87‰, respectively. This clear isotopic variability is largely related to the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) activity during the prevailing summer monsoon season and hydrometeorological processes. The isotopic composition of precipitation is mainly determined by the amount of precipitation and relative humidity, but not related to temperature. The results of backward trajectory modelling show that precipitation primarily originates from northern China, inland Xinjiang, and the western Pacific with different monthly contributions. The increase in δ2H and δ18O isotopes from June to August indicates sub‐cloud evaporation. The mean sub‐cloud evaporation rate was 3.5% during the summer. Sub‐cloud evaporation is associated with relative humidity and precipitation. Recycled moisture accounts for 12% of local precipitation and 2.5%–31.6% of total monthly precipitation. After considering the contribution of evaporation, the estimated average recycling ratio increased from 12% to 24%, suggesting the important role of evaporation processes in lakes in the formation of precipitation.
Harnessing conversion bridge strategy by organic semiconductor in polymer matrix memristors for high‐performance multi‐modal neuromorphic signal processing
Authors: Dong Weijia , Ji Xuan , An Chuanbin , Xu Chenhui , Zhang Xuwen , Zhao Bin , Liu Yuqian , Wang Shiyu , Yu Xi , Liu Xinjun , Han Yang , Geng Yanhou 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic memristors, integrating chemically designed resistive switching and mechanical flexibility, present promising hardware opportunities for neuromorphic computing, particularly in the development of next‐generation wearable artificial intelligence devices. However, challenges persist in achieving high yield, controllable switching, and multi‐modal information processing. In this study, we introduce an efficient distribution of conversion bridges (EDCB) strategy by dispersing organic semiconductor (poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene], PBTTT) in elastomer (polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene, SEBS). This innovative approach results in memristors with exceptional yield, high stretchability, and reliable switching performance. By fine‐tuning the semiconductor content, we shift the primary charge carriers from ions to electrons, realizing modulable non‐volatile, and volatile duo‐mode memristors. This advancement enables multi‐modal signal processing at distinct operational mechanisms—non‐volatile mode for image recognition in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and volatile mode for dynamic classification and prediction in reservoir computing (RC). A fully analog RC hardware system is further demonstrated by integrating the distinct volatile and non‐volatile modes of the EDCB‐based memristor into the dynamic neuron network and the linear regression layer of the RC respectively, achieving high accuracy in online arrhythmia detection tasks. Our work paves the way for high‐yield organic memristors with mechanical flexibility, advancing efficient multi‐mode neuromorphic computing within a unified memristor system integrating volatile and non‐volatile functionalities.image
Extensions of Steiner Triple Systems
Authors: Falcone Giovanni , Figula Agota , Galici Mario 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, we study extensions of Steiner triple systems by means of the associated Steiner loops. We recognize that the set of Veblen points of a Steiner triple system corresponds to the center of the Steiner loop. We investigate extensions of Steiner loops, focusing in particular on the case of Schreier extensions, which provide a powerful method for constructing Steiner triple systems containing Veblen points.
Integrating digital technology in endodontic education: A randomized controlled trial evaluating student self‐assessment and perspectives
Authors: Poly Ane , Harness Conrad , Vu Emily , Biradar Aparna , Buie Christine Amanda , Burnett Janna E. , Schweitzer Jordan L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo assess a modified use of Compare software as a resource to (1) improve students’ ability to self‐assess their endodontic access preparations (EAPs) and (2) students’ opinions of this adjunct.MethodsSixty second‐year dental students were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30). A questionnaire was developed and validated. Both groups performed two accesses on #14 acrylic teeth, one at the course's outset and another at its conclusion, and evaluated them using a traditional method of assessment, completed the self‐assessment form, and answered items 1‒4 of the questionnaire. The experimental group (G2) received training and were asked to evaluate their EAPs three‐dimensionally (3D), complete the self‐assessment form a second time, and answer items 5‒14 of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically (significance set at 5%).ResultsUsing the traditional method, G1 (control group) showed improvement in “size‐shape,” G2 in “encroachment,” and both increased their “overall rate” (p < 0.05). Using the 3D method, G2 showed improvement in the “mesial extent” (p < 0.05). No difference was found between groups for self‐assessment or opinions (items 1‒4) (p > 0.05). However, both had an increase in confidence from the first access to the second, and G1 participants believed they improved their ability to perform and assess EAPs (p < 0.05).ConclusionNo difference was observed between the two groups when relying upon the traditional method alone. Both groups experienced an increase in confidence but only G1 believed that their ability to perform and assess EAPs improved. Notably, 96.7% of G2 believed that the 3D method should be incorporated into preclinical endodontic training.
Temporal distribution of schedule‐induced behavior depends on the essential value of the reinforcer
Authors: Martínez‐Herrada Antonio , Pellón Ricardo , López‐Tolsa Gabriela E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of schedule‐induced drinking depends on different variables affecting the food delivered at the end of the interfood interval. There are mixed results concerning the effects of varying magnitude and/or preference of different reinforcers in the development of schedule‐induced drinking, with some studies showing higher levels and other studies showing lower levels of drinking. The purpose of this study was to observe how differences in preference for a flavor of equally nutritious food pellets influence the development and maintenance of schedule‐induced drinking. Using the operant demand framework, four flavors of food pellets were compared to form two groups: one in which subjects would receive their most preferred flavor and another in which subjects would receive their least preferred flavor. In general, licking rates were lower and magazine‐entering rates were higher when the preferred flavor was delivered regardless of the fixed‐time schedule used. It is suggested that the value of the reinforcer has a larger influence on the immediately preceding behaviors, which will determine the distribution of competing responses in the interreinforcement intervals. These results are relevant to developing public policies that manipulate the taste of healthy food to increase its consumption.
Highly‐Efficient Differentiation of Reactive Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Using Multi‐Object Detection Network With Large Kernels
Authors: Liu Zihan , Peng Haoran , Ye Zhaoyi , Lian Chentao , Shen Hui , Xiang Hengyang , Xiong Bei , Mei Liye 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTReactive lymphocytes are an important type of leukocytes, which are morphologically transformed from lymphocytes. The increase in these cells is usually a sign of certain virus infections, so their detection plays an important role in the fight against diseases. Manual detection of reactive lymphocytes is undoubtedly time‐consuming and labor‐intensive, requiring a high level of professional knowledge. Therefore, it is highly necessary to conduct research into computer‐assisted diagnosis. With the development of deep learning technology in the field of computer vision, more and more models are being applied in the field of medical imaging. We aim to propose an advanced multi‐object detection network and apply it to practical medical scenarios of reactive lymphocyte detection and other leukocyte detection. First, we introduce a space‐to‐depth convolution (SPD‐Conv), which enhances the model's ability to detect dense small objects. Next, we design a dynamic large kernel attention (DLKA) mechanism, enabling the model to better model the context of various cells in clinical scenarios. Lastly, we introduce a brand‐new feature fusion network, the asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN), which strengthens the model's ability to fuse multi‐scale features. Our model ultimately achieves mAP50 of 0.918 for reactive lymphocyte detection and 0.907 for all leukocytes, while also demonstrating good interpretability. In addition, we propose a new peripheral blood cell dataset, providing data support for subsequent related work. In summary, our work takes a significant step forward in the detection of reactive lymphocytes.