bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram for sarcopenia in Chinese hemodialysis patients
Authors: Xie Danshu , Zhu Qin , Lu Jianxin , Hu Chun , Niu Jianying , Yu Chen , Zhao Junli , Zhang Liming , Qi Hualin , Zhang Suhua , Guo Qi , Ding Feng , Ding Wei 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSarcopenia is a clinical condition that is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in those on dialysis. However, the relatively complicated diagnostic procedure limits its use in clinical situations. In this study we aimed to establish a simplified tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients on hemodialysis (HD).MethodsOverall, 757 eligible patients from seven HD centers in Shanghai and Suzhou, China, were recruited from 2020 to 2021. The cross-sectional data were analyzed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Among them, 511 consecutive patients (77 with and 434 without sarcopenia) from five centers were included in the training set for the establishment of a diagnostic nomogram. Ten investigative parameters including clinical characteristics, body measurements and physical performance were used to derive the diagnostic nomogram. A total of 246 consecutive patients (47 with and 199 without sarcopenia) were included for validation of the diagnostic model.ResultsThe average age of the enrolled patients was 60.4 ± 12.1 years, 59.8% were males and 90.5% received dialysis using an arteriovenous fistula. Overall, the sarcopenia rate was 16.4%. The training and validation sets showed no significant differences in sarcopenia rate (15.1% and 19.1%, respectively; P = .160). The nomogram derived from the training set for sarcopenia, which was based on only four features—age, sex, body weight and grip strength—achieved high C-indexes of 0.929 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.904–0.953] and 0.955 (95% CI 0.931–0.979) in the training and external sets, respectively, and had a well-fitted calibration curve. The cut-off value was 0.725, with a sensitivity of 0.909 and a specificity of 0.816. The nomogram accurately diagnosed sarcopenia with fewer variables and more simplified diagnostic procedures.ConclusionsThe nomogram had a good diagnostic capability for sarcopenia in patients on HD and may be a convenient tool for clinical use.
Targeting extracellular matrix remodeling sensitizes glioblastoma to ionizing radiation
Authors: Thakur Varsha , Thakur Vijay S , Aguila Brittany , Slepak Tatiana I , Wang Man , Song Wei , Konai Mohini , Mobashery Shahriar , Chang Mayland , Rana Ayush B , Wang Dazhi , de Freitas Juliano Tiburcio , Humayun Gultekin Sakir , Welford Scott M , Ivan Michael E , Bedogni Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The median survival of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients is 14+ months due to poor responses to surgery and chemoradiation. Means to counteract radiation resistance are therefore highly desirable. We demonstrate the membrane bound matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP promotes resistance of GBM to radiation, and that using a selective and brain permeable MT1-MMP inhibitor, (R)-ND336, improved tumor control can be achieved in preclinical studies.

Methods
Public microarray and RNA-sequencing data were used to determine MT1-MMP relevance in GBM patient survival. Glioma stem-like neurospheres (GSCs) were used for both in vitro and in vivo assays. An affinity resin coupled with proteomics was used to quantify active MT1-MMP in brain tissue of GBM patients. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of MT1-MMP and inhibition via the MT1-MMP inhibitor (R)-ND336, were used to assess the role of MT1-MMP in radio-resistance.

Results
MT1-MMP expression inversely correlated with patient survival. Active MT1-MMP was present in brain tissue of GBM patients but not in normal brain. shRNA- or (R)-ND336-mediated inhibition of MT1-MMP sensitized GSCs to radiation leading to a significant increase in survival of tumor-bearing animals. MT1-MMP depletion reduced invasion via the effector protease MMP2; and increased the cytotoxic response to radiation via induction of replication fork stress and accumulation of double strand breaks (DSBs), making cells more susceptible to genotoxic insult.

Conclusions
MT1-MMP is pivotal in maintaining replication fork stability. Disruption of MT1-MMP sensitizes cells to radiation and can counteract invasion. (R)-ND336, which efficiently penetrates the brain, is therefore a novel radio-sensitizer in GBM.
Patterns of care and survival of Chinese glioblastoma patients in the temozolomide era: a Hong Kong population-level analysis over a 14-year period
Authors: Woo Peter Y M , Yau Stephen , Lam Tai-Chung , Pu Jenny K S , Li Lai-Fung , Lui Louisa C Y , Chan Danny T M , Loong Herbert H F , Lee Michael W Y , Yeung Rebecca , Kwok Carol C H , Au Siu-Kie , Tan Tze-Ching , Kan Amanda N C , Chan Tony K T , Mak Calvin H K , Mak Henry K F , Ho Jason M K , Cheung Ka-Man , Tse Teresa P K , Lau Sarah S N , Chow Joyce S W , El-Helali Aya , Ng Ho-Keung , Poon Wai-Sang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to address the paucity of epidemiological data regarding the characteristics, treatment patterns and survival outcomes of Chinese glioblastoma patients.

Methods
This was a population-level study of Hong Kong adult (&gt;18 years) Chinese patients with newly diagnosed histologically confirmed glioblastoma between 2006 and 2019. The age standardized incidence rate (ASIR), patient-, tumor- treatment-related characteristics, overall survival (OS) as well as its predictors were determined.

Results
One thousand and ten patients with a median follow-up of 10.0 months were reviewed. The ASIR of glioblastoma was 1.0 per 100 000 population with no significant change during the study period. The mean age was 57 + 14 years. The median OS was 10.6 months (IQR: 5.2–18.4). Independent predictors for survival were: Karnofsky performance score &gt;80 (adjusted OR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9), IDH-1 mutant (aOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9) or MGMT methylated (aOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8) glioblastomas, gross total resection (aOR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8) and temozolomide chemoradiotherapy (aOR 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.6). Despite the significant increased administration of temozolomide chemoradiotherapy from 39% (127/326) of patients in 2006–2010 to 63% (227/356) in 2015–2019 (P-value &lt; .001), median OS did not improve (2006–2010: 10.3 months vs 2015–2019: 11.8 months) (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.9–1.3).

Conclusions
The incidence of glioblastoma in the Chinese general population is low. We charted the development of neuro-oncological care of glioblastoma patients in Hong Kong during the temozolomide era. Although there was an increased adoption of temozolomide chemoradiotherapy, a corresponding improvement in survival was not observed.
Do US top executives benefit from market concentration?
Authors: Bas Maria , Paunov Caroline 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The income share of the top 1% of earners in the USA increased to 20% in 2014. The increase in income inequalities is contemporaneous with the rising market concentration across industries. This article shows that both developments are linked: top executives in more concentrated markets receive more pay than those in less concentrated markets. Superstars—the best-paid and most experienced chief executive officers—are paid significantly more than other executives in concentrated markets. Investors also receive higher returns in more concentrated markets, while the average worker’s wage does not increase. The link between market concentration and top executive pay is higher in information-technology and R&D-intensive industries. While larger firms pay their executives more, they pay relatively less (more) than smaller firms if their market is more (less) concentrated. We do not find effects of the governance quality and trends in firm stock market valuation on the executive pay premium from concentration.
Language and Sexual Violence in the Legal System
Authors: Ehrlich Susan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews research on linguistic representations of sexual violence in the media and the legal system, illustrating how such representations can be informed by broader ideologies of gender and sexuality. In reviewing this literature, the chapter demonstrates, in particular, how discourses of normative heterosexuality help to give meaning to representations of sexual violence. The text then turns to a case study of the 2013 Steubenville (Ohio, U.S.A.) rape trial in order to show how the social media evidence in this case, specifically the photographic evidence, was able to unsettle these discourses in ways that the more typical “he said/she said” evidence of sexual assault trials may have had (more) difficulty doing.
Playing and listening
Authors: Sharp Charles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines improvisation through phenomenological hermeneutics to reveal the ontology of music that arises through play and demands a greater attention to listening. Improvisation provides unique insight into the temporality of play and the critical importance of listening. Hermeneutically, these concepts demand a rethinking of the way in which ethnomusicologists and other scholars construe the relationship between music and social experience, which is ensnared in a series of binary oppositions between composition and performance, mind and body, and objective and subjective inherited from and rooted in Western European philosophy. Working from within that tradition, Gadamer and Ricoeur challenge these oppositions and provide different ways of construing the relationship between work (as ontologically participatory) and world (as symbolically mediated and informed by work), ultimately leading to considering the transformative potential of musical experience and identity. These changes invite a refiguring of ethnographic methodology toward cultural critique and imagination.
Climate Governance and Justice
Authors: Faiyetole Ayodele Adekunle , Ihemeje Godwin Chinedum 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter seeks to contribute to the governance, justice, power pull, and unequal exchange discourse while exploring climate change response strategies in peripheral Africa through the lenses of power and imbalances. It reviews Africa’s efforts on mitigation, adaptation, and financing strategies in the contexts of sociotechnological and economic differentials. Governance remains central to managing climate change and mainstreaming justice globally, with the intention of reducing unequal exchanges concerning financing, mitigation, and adaptation mechanisms. Peripheral Africa has continued to bear the brunt of climate injustice and power pull from the Global North and the other core countries, despite being a minuscule emitter of carbon equivalent gases. The chapter recommends the formation of an intergovernmental panel on climate justice to make nation-states and organizations accountable for appropriate mitigation, adaptation, and financing commitments adequate for their emissions levels.
Large-scale magnetic fields enabling fitting of the high-frequency QPOs observed around supermassive black holes
Authors: Stuchlík Zdeněk , Kološ Martin , Tursunov Arman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, it has been argued that the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in black hole systems of various scales in mass in cases of supermassive black holes (SMBH) are not consistent with any of the simple physical models, based on frequencies of the geodesic epicyclic motion (Smith et al. 2021, ApJ, 906, 92). We test if such a disease can be simply cured by geodesic models based on epicyclic frequencies modified by the effect of electromagnetic interaction of slightly charged orbiting matter, with large-scale magnetic fields with values observed around SMBHs in active nuclei. Inspired by GRAVITY/ESO observations, we assume a slightly charged hot spot, as the relativistic motion of a plasma in magnetic field leads to charge separation and non-negligible charge density in the orbiting plasma. Its electromagnetic interaction with the large-scale magnetic field around the black hole can be weak enough, allowing for nearly harmonic epicyclical oscillatory motion of the hot spot with frequencies given by modification of those applied in the geodesic model. Even the simplest epicyclic resonance variant of the geodesic model, modified by slight electromagnetic interaction admitted by observations, can fit the QPOs in the case of both stellar-mass and supermassive black holes. We have shown that even a tiny excess of charged particles in the quasi-neutral plasma of the radiating hot spot, allowed by observations, enable an explanation of QPOs observed in active galactic nuclei. We also estimate the effect of the electromagnetic interaction on the shift of the innermost stable circular orbits, implying the degeneracy in the measurements of spins of the black hole candidates.
MarpolBase Expression: A Web-Based, Comprehensive Platform for Visualization and Analysis of Transcriptomes in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Kawamura Shogo , Romani Facundo , Yagura Masaru , Mochizuki Takako , Sakamoto Mika , Yamaoka Shohei , Nishihama Ryuichi , Nakamura Yasukazu , Yamato Katsuyuki T , Bowman John L , Kohchi Takayuki , Tanizawa Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is equipped with a wide range of molecular and genetic tools and resources that have led to its wide use to explore the evo-devo aspects of land plants. Although its diverse transcriptome data are rapidly accumulating, there is no extensive yet user-friendly tool to exploit such a compilation of data and to summarize results with the latest annotations. Here, we have developed a web-based suite of tools, MarpolBase Expression (MBEX, https://marchantia.info/mbex/), where users can visualize gene expression profiles, identify differentially expressed genes, perform co-expression and functional enrichment analyses and summarize their comprehensive output in various portable formats. Using oil body biogenesis as an example, we demonstrated that the results generated by MBEX were consistent with the published experimental evidence and also revealed a novel transcriptional network in this process. MBEX should facilitate the exploration and discovery of the genetic and functional networks behind various biological processes in M. polymorpha and promote our understanding of the evolution of land plants.
Chromatin-associated microprocessor assembly is regulated by the U1 snRNP auxiliary protein PRP40
Authors: Stepien Agata , Dolata Jakub , Gulanicz Tomasz , Bielewicz Dawid , Bajczyk Mateusz , Smolinski Dariusz J , Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia , Jarmolowski Artur 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In plants, microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis involves cotranscriptional processing of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-generated primary transcripts by a multi-protein complex termed the microprocessor. Here, we report that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PRE-MRNA PROCESSING PROTEIN 40 (PRP40), the U1 snRNP auxiliary protein, positively regulates the recruitment of SERRATE, a core component of the plant microprocessor, to miRNA genes. The association of DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1), the microprocessor endoribonuclease, with chromatin was altered in prp40ab mutant plants. Impaired cotranscriptional microprocessor assembly was accompanied by RNAPII accumulation at miRNA genes and retention of miRNA precursors at their transcription sites in the prp40ab mutant plants. We show that cotranscriptional microprocessor assembly, regulated by AtPRP40, positively affects RNAPII transcription of miRNA genes and is important to reach the correct levels of produced miRNAs.
Dual-function DEFENSIN 8 mediates phloem cadmium unloading and accumulation in rice grains
Authors: Gu Tian-Yu , Qi Zi-Ai , Chen Si-Ying , Yan Jing , Fang Zi-Jun , Wang Jun-Min , Gong Ji-Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grain cadmium (Cd) is translocated from source to sink tissues exclusively via phloem, though the phloem Cd unloading transporter has not been identified yet. Here, we isolated and functionally characterized a defensin-like gene DEFENSIN 8 (DEF8) highly expressed in rice (Oryza sativa) grains and induced by Cd exposure in seedling roots. Histochemical analysis and subcellular localization detected DEF8 expression preferentially in pericycle cells and phloem of seedling roots, as well as in phloem of grain vasculatures. Further analysis demonstrated that DEF8 is secreted into extracellular spaces possibly by vesicle trafficking. DEF8 bound to Cd in vitro, and Cd efflux from protoplasts as well as loading into xylem vessels decreased in the def8 mutant seedlings compared with the wild type. At maturity, significantly less Cd accumulation was observed in the mutant grains. These results suggest that DEF8 is a dual function protein that facilitates Cd loading into xylem and unloading from phloem, thus mediating Cd translocation from roots to shoots and further allocation to grains, representing a phloem Cd unloading regulator. Moreover, essential mineral nutrient accumulation as well as important agronomic traits were not affected in the def8 mutants, suggesting DEF8 is an ideal target for breeding low grain Cd rice.
RH: a genetic metric for measuring intrahostPlasmodium falciparumrelatedness and distinguishing cotransmission from superinfection
Authors: Wong Wesley , Volkman Sarah , Daniels Rachel , Schaffner Stephen , Sy Mouhamad , Ndiaye Yaye Die , Badiane Aida S , Deme Awa B , Diallo Mamadou Alpha , Gomis Jules , Sy Ngayo , Ndiaye Daouda , Wirth Dyann F , Hartl Daniel L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultiple-strain (polygenomic) infections are a ubiquitous feature of Plasmodium falciparum parasite population genetics. Under simple assumptions of superinfection, polygenomic infections are hypothesized to be the result of multiple infectious bites. As a result, polygenomic infections have been used as evidence of repeat exposure and used to derive genetic metrics associated with high transmission intensity. However, not all polygenomic infections are the result of multiple infectious bites. Some result from the transmission of multiple, genetically related strains during a single infectious bite (cotransmission). Superinfection and cotransmission represent two distinct transmission processes, and distinguishing between the two could improve inferences regarding parasite transmission intensity. Here, we describe a new metric, RH, that utilizes the correlation in allelic state (heterozygosity) within polygenomic infections to estimate the likelihood that the observed complexity resulted from either superinfection or cotransmission. RH is flexible and can be applied to any type of genetic data. As a proof of concept, we used RH to quantify polygenomic relatedness and estimate cotransmission and superinfection rates from a set of 1,758 malaria infections genotyped with a 24 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular barcode. Contrary to expectation, we found that cotransmission was responsible for a significant fraction of 43% to 53% of the polygenomic infections collected in three distinct epidemiological regions in Senegal. The prediction that polygenomic infections frequently result from cotransmission stresses the need to incorporate estimates of relatedness within polygenomic infections to ensure the accuracy of genomic epidemiology surveillance data for informing public health activities.
Precision beam telescope based on SOI pixel sensor technology for electrons in the energy range of sub-GeV to GeV
Authors: Suzuki Hisanori , Omori Takumi , Hara Kazuhiko , Yamauchi Hiroki , Yamada Miho , Tsuboyama Toru , Takeda Ayaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We developed a beam telescope system comprising five layers of 300 μm thick INTPIX4NA monolithic pixel sensors, each with a pixel size of 17 μm square. The sensors were fabricated using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. The signal-to-noise ratio of 140–230 is realized at a bias voltage of 20 V. The tracker system was tested using a positron beam of 200–822 MeV/c, and various tracking methods are examined to optimize the spatial precision achievable at these energies. The best tracking precision including the precision of the sensor under test itself is 11.04 ± 0.10 μm for 822 MeV/c positrons for an equidistant sensor spacing of 32 mm. The achieved precision results combined with the intrinsic spatial resolution value obtained for a similar system using 120 GeV protons are used to estimate the tracking performance of electrons in the GeV energy range; a tracking precision of 2.22 μm is evaluated for 5 GeV electrons. The method to estimate the tracking performance is verified using a Geant4-based simulation. The developed high-precision tracker system enables us to map the detailed performance of sensors with pixel sizes of $\mathcal {O}$(10 μm) and will therefore be a powerful system for the development of devices targeting precision position resolutions.
The Evolution of Access to Public Accommodations in the United States
Authors: Cook Lisa D , Jones Maggie E C , Logan Trevon D , Rosé David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe economic analysis of racial discrimination in public accommodations is remarkably limited. To study this issue, we construct a national data set of nondiscriminatory establishments from the Negro Motorist Green Books, a travel guide published from 1936 to 1966 to aid Black Americans in finding nondiscriminatory retail and service establishments. We document patterns in the geographic spread and evolution of Green Book establishments, as well as the correlates of Green Book presence. We find that economic and social measures, as well as state laws relating to racial discrimination and antidiscrimination, were correlated with the provision of nondiscriminatory services. We then use the Green Book data to test whether market conditions and white consumer discrimination led businesses to bar Black customers prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. We use plausibly exogenous variation from white World War II casualties and Black migration patterns to isolate the effect of a change in the racial composition of consumers on the growth of nondiscriminatory businesses. We find that the share of nondiscriminatory establishments grew faster in locations with larger increases in the share of the Black population, but the magnitudes were small. These results highlight the importance of federal legislation in ending racial discrimination in public accommodations.