bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reprogramming of red blood cell metabolism in Zika virus–infected donors
Authors: Catala Alexis , Stone Mars , Busch Michael P. , D'Alessandro Angelo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiseases caused by arthropod‐borne viruses remain a burden to global health; in particular, Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported in 87 countries and territories. In healthy blood donors, ZIKV RNA can be detected in red blood cells (RBCs) months after infection, clearance of detectable nucleic acid in plasma, and seroconversion. However, little information is available on the impact of ZIKV infection to metabolism.Study design and methodsWe applied mass spectrometry–based metabolomics and lipidomics approaches to investigate the impact of ZIKV infection on RBCs over the course of infection. ZIKV‐infected blood donors (n = 25) were identified through molecular and serologic methods, which included nucleic acid amplification testing and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of ZIKV RNA and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of flavivirus‐specific IgM and IgG.ResultsIn ZIKV RNA‐positive donors, we observed lower glucose and lactate levels, and higher levels of ribose phosphate, suggestive of the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway. The top pathways altered in RBCs from ZIKV‐IgM‐positive donors include amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis, linoleic acid and arachidonate metabolism and glutathione metabolism. RBCs from ZIKV‐infected donors had increased levels of early glycolytic metabolites, and higher levels of metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway. Alterations in acyl‐carnitine and fatty acid metabolism are consistent with impaired membrane lipid homeostasis in RBCs from ZIKV IgM positive donors.ConclusionRBC from healthy blood donors who had been infected by ZIKV are characterized by long‐lasting metabolic alterations even months after infection has resolved.
mRNA sequencing analysis and growth inhibitory effects of palbociclib on cell lines from canine histiocytic proliferative disorders
Authors: Hirabayashi Miyuki , Chambers James K. , Tani Akiyoshi , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Motegi Tomoki , Rimpo Kenji , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Uchida Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCanine histiocytic proliferative disorders include aggressive and fatal diseases, such as histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and histiocytosis (SyH). The molecular mechanisms underlying cell proliferation need to be elucidated for the development of effective treatments. In the present study, mRNA expression levels were comprehensively analysed in cell lines derived from localized HS, disseminated HS, SyH and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in dogs. Based on the results obtained, the growth inhibitory effects of palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, were verified with the cell lines in vitro and in xenograft mouse model. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis plots of mRNA expression profiles divided the cell lines into three groups: a localized HS group, disseminated HS/SyH group, and LCH. The results of an ingenuity pathway analysis suggested that the MAPK signalling pathway was activated in the localized HS and LCH cell lines, and the PI3K signalling pathway in the disseminated and localized HS cell lines. In all cell lines, the expression of the tumour suppressor genes TP53, CDKN2A and CDKN1A was down‐regulated, whereas that of Rb was preserved. In vitro assessments revealed the growth inhibitory effects of palbociclib in all cell lines examined. In a xenograft mouse model using a cell line from disseminated HS, palbociclib exerted significant growth inhibitory effects. These results suggest the potential of palbociclib as a therapeutic drug candidate for the treatment of malignant histiocytic proliferative disorders of the dog.
Numerical Simulation on the Perforation Response of Pressurized Pipe Elbows Under Destructive Impact Loading
Authors: Zhou You , Zhang Shuhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pipe elbows are essential connection components between the storage terminal and conveying pipelines in the petrochemical industry, which are prone to rupture and perforation under various potential impact loads. In this paper, the rupture and perforation responses of pressurized pipe elbows subjected to transverse impact loads were systematically investigated. Perforation phenomena of pipe elbows were qualitatively analyzed to identify the failure modes and features. Perforation mechanisms of mode transition, transient deflection, velocity variation, and stress distribution were systematically discussed. Extensive parametric studies were performed to investigate the deflection and mechanical responses. Parametric equations were established to describe the critical impact resistance. These results revealed the perforation phenomena and impact limits of pipe elbows subjected to impact loads, which are informative for protection design and damage assessment of pressurized pipe elbows.
Fully Closed Loop Test Environment for Adaptive Implantable Neural Stimulators Using Computational Models
Authors: Stanslaski Scott , Farooqi Hafsa , Sanabria David Escobar , Netoff Theoden Ivan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Implantable brain stimulation devices continue to be developed to treat and monitor brain conditions. As the complexity of these devices grows to include adaptive neuromodulation therapy, validating the operation and verifying the correctness of these systems becomes more complicated. The new complexities lie in the functioning of the device being dependent on the interaction with the patient and environmental factors such as noise and artifacts. Here, we present a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing framework that employs computational models of pathological neural dynamics to test adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices prior to animal or human testing. A brain stimulation and recording electrode array is placed in the saline tank and connected to an adaptive neuromodulation system that measures and processes the synthetic signals and delivers stimulation back into the saline tank. A data acquisition system is used to detect the stimulation and provide feedback to the computational model in order to simulate the effects of stimulation on the neural dynamics. In this study, we used real-time computational models to emulate the dynamics of epileptic seizures observed in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) in epilepsy patients and beta band (11–35 Hz) oscillations observed in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. These models simulated neuronal responses to electrical stimulation pulses and the saline tank tested hardware interactions between the detection algorithms and stimulation interference. We tested and validated the operation of adaptive DBS algorithms for seizure and beta band power suppression embedded in an implantable DBS system (Medtronic Summit RC+S). This study highlights the utility of the proposed hardware-in-the-loop framework to systematically test the adaptive DBS systems in the presence of system aggressors such as environmental noise and stimulation-induced electrical artifacts. This testing procedure can help ensure correctness and robustness of adaptive DBS devices prior to animal and human testing.
Transition-Related Psychosocial Factors and Mental Health Outcomes in Former National Football League Players: An NFL-LONG Study
Authors: DeFreese J.D. , Walton Samuel R. , Kerr Zachary Yukio , Brett Benjamin L. , Chandran Avinash , Mannix Rebekah , Campbell Hope , Echemendia Ruben J. , McCrea Michael A. , Meehan William P. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. 
Published: March 2022

Transition from professional sport to nonsport endeavors has implications for postcareer health and well-being of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine associations among transition-related psychosocial factors and current mental health outcomes in former National Football League (NFL) players. Participants were former NFL players (n = 1,784; mean age = 52.3 ± 16.3 years) who responded to a questionnaire assessing the nature of their discontinuation from professional football (i.e., any degree of voluntary choice vs. forced discontinuation), prediscontinuation transition planning (yes vs. no), and current symptoms of depression and anxiety. After adjusting for relevant covariates, having an involuntary discontinuation and no transition plan prior to discontinuation were associated with greater depressive and anxiety symptom severity. Autonomy in discontinuation and pretransition planning are important to former NFL football players’ mental health. Increasing autonomy in the discontinuation decision and pretransition planning represent psychoeducational intervention targets for this population.
Experimental Study of the Crystallization Conditions of Ongonites of the Ary-Bulak Massif (Eastern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Alferyeva Ya. O. , Chevychelov V. Yu. , Novikova A. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhase equilibria were studied experimentally in three rock samples of the Ary-Bulak massif at T = 800–700°C, P = 1 kbar, water content 10 wt %, and oxygen fugacity corresponding to the Ni–NiO and Mt–Hem buffers. Liquidus phases in melts obtained by melting of Ca-rich ongonites are fluorite, topaz, quartz, and plagioclase (andesine, bytownite). The liquid immiscibility of silicate and F–Ca salt melts described in the Ary-Bulak ongonites was not found in the experimental samples. The liquidus temperature of Ca-rich samples is ≥800°C, which is not typical for highly evolved differentiated granite melts. Based on the obtained factual material, it was concluded that simple experiments on melting–crystallization of rock samples of the Ary-Bulak massif do not fully reproduce its formation. It is possible that an important role in nature was played by irreversible processes that are not taken into account in this experimental series: interaction with host rocks, a sharp significant change in the fluid regime or P-T parameters, etc. The relicts of immiscible silicate and salt F–Ca melts described in natural Ca–F-rich samples also could be caused by one of these processes.
Transforming the 2-week wait (2WW) pathway: management of breast pain in primary care
Authors: Jahan Mohamed , Bartholomeuz Thilan , Milburn Nikki , Rogers Veronica , Sibbering Mark , Robertson John 
Published: March 2022

Breast pain has no association with breast cancer yet is a frequent reason for referral from Primary to Secondary Care, often on an urgent (2-week wait) referral. The referral often causes significant patient anxiety, further heightened by screening mammograms and/or ultrasound scans in the absence of an associated red flag symptom or finding by the patient or general practitioner. This paper reports the pilot implementation of a specialist Primary Care Breast Pain Clinic in Mid-Nottinghamshire where patients were seen, examined without any imaging and assessed for their risk of familial breast cancer: numerous studies have reported 15%–>30% of patients with breast pain only have a family history of breast cancer.177 patients with breast pain only were seen in this clinic between March, 2020 and April, 2021 with a 6-month interim suspension due to COVID-19. The mean age of patients was 48.4 years (range: 16–86). 172/177 (97.2%) patients required no imaging although there were three (1.7%) inappropriate referrals and two additional abnormalities (1.1%—hamartoma, thickening/tethering) that were referred onward. There were no cancers. 21 (12.4%) patients were identified to have an increased familial risk of breast cancer and were referred to the specialist familial cancer service. 170/177 patients completed an anonymous questionnaire on leaving the clinic. 167/169 (99%) were reassured regarding their breast pain, 155/156 (99%) were reassured of the Familial Risk Assessment, 162/168 (96%) were reassured regarding their personal risk assessment while 169/170 (99%) were ‘extremely likely/likely to recommend the service’.This specialist Primary Care Breast Pain Clinic provides service improvement across all levels of care (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary). Patients were successfully managed in the community with high levels of patient satisfaction and together this obviated referral to secondary care. The familial breast cancer risk assessment also helped identify unmet need in the community.
Improving domestic violence screening practices in the emergency department: an Australian perspective
Authors: Sweeny Amy Lynn , Bourke Caitlin , Torpie Thomas Martin , Sargeant Sally , Hughes James , Watson Julie , Conroy Sheree , Carrasco Angel , Tighe Kym , Thornton Neale Stuart , Cumner Amber-Shea , Baird Kathleen 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionDomestic violence (DV) is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The ED is a location recommended for opportunistic screening. However, screening within EDs remains irregular.ObjectiveTo examine intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to routine screening in Australian EDs, while describing actions taken after identification of DV.MethodsEmergency clinicians at nine public hospitals participated in an anonymous online survey. Factor analysis was performed to identify principal components around attitudes and beliefs towards screening.ResultsIn total, 496 emergency clinicians participated. Universal screening was uncommon; less than 2% of respondents reported screening all adults or all women. Although willing, nearly half (45%) reported not knowing how to screen. High patient load and no single rooms were ‘very or severely limiting’ for 88% of respondents, respectively, while 24/7 social work and interpreter services, and online/written DV protocols were top enablers. Factor analysis identified four distinct intrinsic belief components: (1) screening is not futile and could be done in ED, (2) screening will not cause harm, (3) there is a duty to screen and (4) I am willing to screen.ConclusionThis study describes a culture of Queensland ED clinicians that believe DV screening in ED is important and interventions are effective. Most ED clinicians are willing to screen. In this setting, availability of social work and interpreter services are important mitigating resources. Clinician education focusing on duty to screen, coupled with a built-in screening tool, and e-links to a local management protocol may improve the uptake of screening and subsequently increase detection.
Development process and clinical application of collagenase chemonucleolysis in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation: a narrative review in China
Authors: Yuan Peng , Shi Xiaohua , Wei Xuanjun , Wang Zijun , Mu Jiao , Zhang Hongxin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the most common causes of lumbocrural pain. In the past 20 years, the incidence of LDH has increased dramatically. There are many treatments for LDH, including conservative treatment (such as acupuncture and physiotherapy), minimally invasive interventional treatment (such as collagenase chemonucleolysis and radiofrequency ablation) and surgical treatment. The main purpose of this paper is to review the development process and application status of collagenase chemonucleolysis in the treatment of LDH at home and abroad and provide a reference for clinical treatment.
Whom actually do multipole moments belong to?
Authors: Hernández–Pastora J. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing an integral definition given in Hernández-Pastora et al. (Class Quantum Gravity 33:225009, 2016) to calculate the relativistic multipole moments (RMM), and the ensuing generalized relativistic Gauss theorem, we prove that the evaluation of that volume integral in Erez–Rosen coordinates, leads to a specific link between the RMM and the source of the exterior space–time, provided we have a global static axisymmetric metric in that coordinate system for any Weyl exterior field. This result allows to establish a relationship between the RMM and certain volume integral expressions involving the material content of the source from its energy–momentum tensor as well as the interior metric. In particular the relativistic quadrupole moment for the Erez–Rosen space–time is obtained.
Fair automated assessment of noncompliance in cargo ship networks
Authors: de Bruin Gerrit Jan , Pereira Barata Antonio , van den Herik H. Jaap , Takes Frank W. , Veenman Cor J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCargo ships navigating global waters are required to be sufficiently safe and compliant with international treaties. Governmental inspectorates currently assess in a rule-based manner whether a ship is potentially noncompliant and thus needs inspection. One of the dominant ship characteristics in this assessment is the ‘colour’ of the flag a ship is flying, where countries with a positive reputation have a so-called ‘white flag’. The colour of a flag may disproportionately influence the inspector, causing more frequent and stricter inspections of ships flying a non-white flag, resulting in confirmation bias in historical inspection data.In this paper, we propose an automated approach for the assessment of ship noncompliance, realising two important contributions. First, we reduce confirmation bias by using fair classifiers that decorrelate the flag from the risk classification returned by the model. Second, we extract mobility patterns from a cargo ship network, allowing us to derive meaningful features for ship classification. Crucially, these features model the behaviour of a ship, rather than its static properties. Our approach shows both a higher overall prediction performance and improved fairness with respect to the flag. Ultimately, this work enables inspectorates to better target noncompliant ships, thereby improving overall maritime safety and environmental protection.
Automatic recognition of Arabic alphabets sign language using deep learning
Authors: Duwairi Rehab Mustafa , Halloush Zain Abdullah 
Published: March 2022

<span>Technological advancements are helping people with special needs overcome many communications’ obstacles. Deep learning and computer vision models are innovative leaps nowadays in facilitating unprecedented tasks in human interactions. The Arabic language is always a rich research area. In this paper, different deep learning models were applied to test the accuracy and efficiency obtained in automatic Arabic sign language recognition. In this paper, we provide a novel framework for the automatic detection of Arabic sign language, based on transfer learning applied on popular deep learning models for image processing. Specifically, by training AlexNet, VGGNet and GoogleNet/Inception models, along with testing the efficiency of shallow learning approaches based on support vector machine (SVM) and nearest neighbors algorithms as baselines. As a result, we propose a novel approach for the automatic recognition of Arabic alphabets in sign language based on VGGNet architecture which outperformed the other trained models. The proposed model is set to present promising results in recognizing Arabic sign language with an accuracy score of 97%. The suggested models are tested against a recent fully-labeled dataset of Arabic sign language images. The dataset contains 54,049 images, which is considered the first large and comprehensive real dataset of Arabic sign language to the furthest we know.</span>
Hobbes’s Theory of Responsibility as Support for Sommerville’s Argument Against Hobbes’s Approval of Independency
Authors: Lloyd S. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Just as some types of philosophical analysis are more useful than others to historians or political scientists, so, I find, are some sorts of historical research more useful to philosophers than are other sorts. Sommerville makes history useful to non-historians by clarifying the large-scale historical background against which his investigative questions are posed, and then separating out crucial figures, ideas, and events from arcana of interest primarily to specialist historians. His interpretations are relatively neutral, striking a welcome balance between mere reporting of events or textual ideas on the one hand, and on the other, accounts so theoretically laden that they prejudge or foreclose promising interpretive possibilities.
The Pan-Fascist Paradox
Authors: Brouwer Aron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To better understand cross-border fascist solidarity, this article suggests a new conceptual framework revolving around the term ‘pan-fascism’ and its ‘paradox’. It argues that the existence or non-existence of a pan-fascist ‘paradox’ in the minds of historical fascists is a matter of optics, as it all depends on who is mobilizing the notion of fascist transnationalism. Because of such optical issues, which all must be unpacked historically, the conceptual framework of ‘pan-fascism’ does not offer a simple solution. It, rather, puts emphasis on a key question: how did certain fascists, at various moments in their lives, think about the possibility of fascist transnationalism? To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, this paper takes the work, thought, and practices of the French editors of Je suis partout as a case study, and demonstrates how they attempted to reconcile their commitment to French nationalism with fascist transnationalism.
Minimum Warming in the South Indian Ocean Thermocline in a Warming Climate Linked to Freshening Processes
Authors: Hong Yu , Zhang Ying , Du Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Southern Ocean (SO) is one of the key regions in absorbing and storing anthropogenic heat. An analysis of the CMIP6 models finds a distinct warming minimum/cooling and freshening in the subtropical ocean thermocline of the south Indian Ocean (SIO) under a medium-emission scenario (SSP245). The warming minimum/cooling has also been found in other warming scenarios in previous studies. However, the freshening here has received less attention. On account of increased precipitation in the models, the SO high latitudes get fresher in a warmer world. We show that this freshening anomaly is advected to the north of the deep mixed layer by the horizontal current and then subducts into the ocean interior in the SIO. As a result, the isopycnal surfaces become fresher, deeper, and cooler. This freshening and cooling signal then propagates to the north along isopycnals through the subtropical gyre and leads to freshening and cooling on the depth coordinates where the vertical movement of isopycnals (heaving) is insignificant. Lacking deep-enough mixed layers, the other two basins show smaller freshening and cooling signs in the models. Here the importance of freshening in temperature redistribution in the ocean interior in the SIO under extensive global warming is emphasized. The result helps interpret the future heat storage in the SO in a warmer world.Significance StatementThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a key region in absorbing and storing anthropogenic heat. The observed past and simulated future warming in the SO show maximum values between 40° and 45°S and minimum values downward and northward of the deep mixed layers. CMIP6 models show the same pattern, and it is found that this pattern is most distinguished in the south Indian Ocean. The freshening anomaly advected to the deep mixed layers subducts into the ocean interior, leading to freshening and cooling signals on isopycnals. These signals spread with the subtropical gyre and induce warming minimum/cooling there. The result would help interpret the warming pattern in the SO in a warmer world.