bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of litigation in France during two decades of recovery of a large carnivore
Authors: Chapron Guillaume , Marfaing Gavin , Bétaille Julien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s human dominated landscapes is an unexpected conservation success. In France, where the wolf disappeared in 1937, the species population is now approaching one thousand individuals after the species naturally returned in the country in 1992 from Italy. Large carnivores in Europe are protected by several legal instruments, ranging from international law, to European, national or regional laws (in federal countries). There has been a limited attention allocated to how this legal protection is in practice activated in Member States of the European Union. In particular, there is little research on the role of public interest environmental litigation for large carnivore conservation. We take the example of the wolf (Canis lupus) in France and describe wolf-related litigation in the country during two decades. We compiled a database of case law decisions (i.e. court rulings) relating to administrative litigation about the protection of the wolf and collected a total of 275 court rulings. We found that wolf litigation occurred unsurprisingly more often in administrative courts located in regions where wolves first returned (i.e. South-East of France). Animal welfare or protection associations were the most active and successful plaintiffs. The State administration represented by its Préfets was also a plaintiff in lawsuits against illegal culling decisions made by mayors. The Préfet des Alpes Maritimes and the Minister of the Environment were regular defendants for decisions to cull wolves that were litigated by nature protection associations. Nature protection associations overall had a case winning rate higher than 50%. There were no immediately obvious inter-annual trends in wolf litigation. Our database did not allow us to quantify the total number of wolves that were effectively protected from culling decisions because court rulings made after the execution of administrative decisions did not specify whether the animals were killed or not. Bet it as it may, nature protection associations appear to conduct legally relevant litigation in view of the high success rate they achieve and conservation lawsuits belong to the portfolio of available conservation instruments.
Categorizing older adults' information technology-based learning programs using correspondence analysis
Authors: Jang Ha-Yeon , Lee Young-Min 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe rapid proliferation of digital devices, population aging, and acceleration of digital technology adoption due to the COVID-19 pandemic have increased the need for information education for older adults to prevent inter-generational conflicts and digital alienation. This study aims to analyze the information technology (IT) education programs provided to older adults by age group, considering their heterogeneity.Design/methodology/approachThis study identifies IT education programs provided by public institutions in Seoul and target age groups (50 and above) through a survey using triangulation, which were then sorted and summarized into 27 keywords. Correspondence analysis was conducted using the keywords derived for the programs and age groups.FindingsIT education programs in the age group 60 and above accounted for 75.2% of the programs offered, which increased to 90% when including those aged 55 and above. Particularly, the perceptual map created based on relationship correlations indicates which IT education program keywords matched each age group. The Seoul Metropolitan Government primarily offered these programs for older adults aged 60 and above, with 5–7.5 times more education programs for those aged 60 and above than for those aged 50 and above or 55 and above. Therefore, IT education must be more evenly provided to more diverse age groups among older adults to reflect the current situation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by proposing a future direction for IT education of older adults. Moreover, it has implications for the direction of IT education to target various age groups in IT education programs, thus enabling older adults to effectively enhance their digital literacy skills during the rapid digitalization caused by COVID-19.
Smart hospitality: from smart cities and smart tourism towards agile business ecosystems in networked destinations
Authors: Buhalis Dimitrios , O’Connor Peter , Leung Rosanna 
Published: October 2022

PurposeBuilding on recent smart hospitality systematic reviews and extensive literature analyses, this paper aims to explore recent developments, themes and issues within smart hospitality. It synthesises existing knowledge, extrapolating forward and contributes to the future development of smart hospitality by serving as a reference to enrich academic/industry discussions and stimulate future research.Design/methodology/approachThe research examined 8 recent review articles on smart hospitality and tourism and extracted 145 articles in peer-reviewed sources from Web of Science focussed on smart hospitality. These publications supported in-depth analysis to explore the body of knowledge and develop foresight for the future of smart hospitality within business ecosystems at tourism destinations. It synthesises knowledge and provides the basis for the development of a comprehensive in-depth research agenda in smart hospitality innovations as well as the formulation of agile hospitality ecosystems.FindingsThis paper illustrates that smart hospitality introduces disruptive innovations that affect the entire hospitality ecosystem. Smart hospitality takes advantage of smart cities and smart tourism towards establishing agile business ecosystems in networked destinations. Having reviewed the existing literature, the study developed a conceptual framework and introduced a comprehensive future research agenda. This includes the drivers of smart hospitality, namely, customer-centricity, personalisation, individualisation and contextualisation; marketing-driven hospitality excellence and metaverse; as well as operation agility, asset strategy, talent management and supplier interoperation. It also identified the foundations that provide the infostructure for smart hospitality, including ambient intelligence, big data, processes and sustainability, providing the capability blocks to co-create value for all stakeholders in the hospitality ecosystem.Originality/valueThis study conceptualises smart hospitality as a disruptive and innovative power that will affect the competitiveness of hospitality and tourism organisations as part of a comprehensive ecosystem. It identifies the key stakeholders and explores how they can take advantage of emerging developments. This paper proposes the drivers and foundation for future research on smart hospitality. The research provides a conceptual synthesis of the literature and the concepts that have been elaborated. The foundations are effectively the infostructure that enables the drivers to add value to different stakeholders. Key issues are identified to stimulate further research on the area to support smart hospitality development and adoption.
Professor independent directors, marketization process and corporate innovation performance: empirical evidence from Chinese A-share listed companies
Authors: Jiang Donghan , Lin Hualing , Khan Jamal , Han Yaqing 
Published: October 2022

PurposeProfessor independent directors have been the subject of academic debate as to whether they can improve corporate innovation performance. Accordingly, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between professor independent directors, the marketization process and corporate innovation performance in China.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2017, this study examines how professor independent directors and the (low and high) marketization process affect corporate innovation performance.FindingsThe empirical analysis of this yields the following main results. First, enterprises with a higher proportion of professor independent directors outperform those with a low proportion of professor independent directors in terms of corporate innovation. Second, the study of introducing the marketization process finds that there is no “market failure”. Third, while professor independent directors have a significant association with innovation performance in the high-marketization group, this association is negligible in the low-marketization group, indicating that there is no “substitution effect”.Originality/valueThis research provides empirical evidence to support the hiring of professors with relevant backgrounds as independent directors who can contribute meaningfully to corporate governance and innovation while also fostering industrial transformation. This study also identifies that the role of professor independent directors in facilitating corporate innovation is more effective in regions with a high degree of marketization than in regions with a low degree of marketization, implying that increasing marketization benefits the role of professor independent directors in facilitating corporate innovation.
A dark side of land revenue management and counterproductive work behavior: does organizational injustice add fuel to fire?
Authors: Sharif Shahbaz , Lodhi Rab Nawaz , Jain Vipin , Sharma Paritosh 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study empirically and theoretically aims to explore the consequences of top management’s dark personality traits (DPT) on organizational injustice, e.g. organizational procedural justice (OPJ), organizational interactional justice (OIJ) and organizational distributive justice (ODJ) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB).

Design/methodology/approach
A study was conducted to examine the influence of DPT on CWB among the contractual employees of the land revenue department, Pakistan. The quantitative method was employed using a convenient sampling approach. A designed survey questionnaire was distributed among 1,240 land revenue officials in 13 districts of Pakistan.

Findings
The results supported that dark DPT directly, significantly and positively affects CWB. In addition, DPT, except for psychopathy (PSY), significantly and negatively affects OPJ, OIJ and ODJ. Meanwhile, OIJ and OPJ strengthen the negative relationship between CWB and Machiavellianism and narcissism (NAR); however, PSY failed directly to affect OPJ, OIP and ODJ indirectly failed to capture CWB.

Practical implications
Top management/government should pay attention to fair dealings among the contractual employees. Consequently, they would prefer to do well in the workplace. Particularly, top management should avoid practicing DPT, which has ultimate results in CWB.

Social implications
Public managers should avoid DPT because they are not compatible with public needs. Managers with DPT negatively affect their employees' productivity behaviors. Therefore, managers should focus on positive personality traits to enhance employees' productivity via organizational justice.

Originality/value
This study is unique in the land revenue department of Pakistan, where unfair dealings are being practiced among contractual employees. Surprisingly, CWB is the ultimate consequence of both DPT and top management's dishonest dealings (e.g. organizational injustices).
International currency markets and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fu Hsuan , Yang Jui‐Chung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe find that quantifying COVID‐19 pandemic shocks is critical to understanding international currency market returns. Scaled by population, shocks from between‐country differences in the number of weekly COVID‐19 deaths are informative in predicting exchange rate returns. Following Alfaro et al. (2020), we estimate the expected number of COVID‐19 deaths based on an exponential model and use it to construct two pandemic shocks that measure the unanticipated number of deaths on a weekly basis and the time‐varying correction of forecast provided new information from the previous week. We document negative impacts of COVID‐19 propagation on currency returns. In addition, we find that the government response, in particular fiscal and monetary stimulus packages, can help mitigate negative effects of COVID‐19 on currency returns. Our findings are robust to country‐specific pandemic measures, window sizes of the exponential model, and the choice of forecast model.
Female representation in radiology subspecialty interest groups in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Hayter Catherine L , Ayesa Sally L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionWomen comprise 31% of the Australian and New Zealand radiology workforce, and 35% of radiology trainees. To date, there has been no study of female representation within clinical radiology subspecialties in Australia and New Zealand. This study aims to quantify female representation among the clinical radiology subspecialty interest groups (SIGs) in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsA list of SIGs was compiled using the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) website. The executive of each SIG or the RANZCR Standards committee was contacted with a request to provide the number of female versus male members for each subspecialty group and their executive.ResultsSix out of 10 SIGs reported a low proportion of female members; this was most pronounced for IRSA (interventional radiology; 7% women), AMSIG (musculoskeletal imaging; 13% women) and CCINR (interventional neuroradiology; 13% women). Female radiologists accounted for >50% of membership in four SIGs: OGSIG (obstetrics/gynaecology imaging; 87% women), BIG (breast imaging; 73% women), ARGANZ (abdominal imaging; 69% women) and ANZSTR (thoracic imaging; 69% women). Female executive representation ranged from 0% (IRSA (interventional radiology) and ANZSNR (neuroradiology)) to 100% (OGSIG (obstetrics/gynaecology imaging)).ConclusionFemale representation within the membership and representative leadership of some SIGs is well below parity and active initiatives to improve female representation should be considered.
Hepatocyte proliferation favours viral clearance in young children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Wang Limin , Liu Shuhong , Wang Chunya , Zhu Min , Guo Yupeng , Zhao Pan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to explore the correlation between hepatocyte proliferation and hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance in young children with chronic HBV infection.MethodsWe collected liver biopsy samples and clinical data corresponding to paediatric patients with chronic HBV infection. Ki‐67 expression in liver tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsEighteen patients were included and were divided into two groups based on different antiviral outcomes. Group I achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss within 48 weeks. Group II did not develop seroconversion from hepatitis B e (HBe) antigen to anti‐HBe after 48 weeks. There were 10 patients in Group I and 8 in Group II, respectively. Demographical data and baseline virological and biochemical characteristics in serum across Group I and Group II were not statistically different. Histologically, mean Ki‐67 expression index in Group I was 15%, while the mean index in Group II was 5%. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.01).ConclusionHigh Ki‐67 expression can contribute to viral clearance in young children with chronic HBV infection. This is the first confirmation of the association between hepatocyte proliferation and HBV clearance in vivo and has implications for novel therapeutic strategies against hepatitis B.
Adaptation of a population pharmacokinetic model to inform tacrolimus therapy in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Kirubakaran Ranita , Uster David W. , Hennig Stefanie , Carland Jane E. , Day Richard O. , Wicha Sebastian G. , Stocker Sophie L. 
Published: October 2022

AimExisting tacrolimus population pharmacokinetic models are unsuitable for guiding tacrolimus dosing in heart transplant recipients. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a population pharmacokinetic model for tacrolimus in heart transplant recipients that considers the tacrolimus‐azole antifungal interaction.MethodsData from heart transplant recipients (n = 87) administered the oral immediate‐release formulation of tacrolimus (Prograf®) were collected. Routine drug monitoring data, principally trough concentrations, were used for model building (n = 1099). A published tacrolimus model was used to inform the estimation of Ka, V2/F, Q/F and V3/F. The effect of concomitant azole antifungal use on tacrolimus CL/F was quantified. Fat‐free mass was implemented as a covariate on CL/F, V2/F, V3/F and Q/F on an allometry scale. Subsequently, stepwise covariate modelling was performed. Significant covariates influencing tacrolimus CL/F were included in the final model. Robustness of the final model was confirmed using prediction‐corrected visual predictive check (pcVPC). The final model was externally evaluated for prediction of tacrolimus concentrations of the fourth dosing occasion (n = 87) from one to three prior dosing occasions.ResultsConcomitant azole antifungal therapy reduced tacrolimus CL/F by 80%. Haematocrit (∆OFV = −44, P < .001) was included in the final model. The pcVPC of the final model displayed good model adequacy. One recent drug concentration is sufficient for the model to guide tacrolimus dosing.ConclusionA population pharmacokinetic model that adequately describes tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in heart transplant recipients, considering the tacrolimus–azole antifungal interaction was developed. Prospective evaluation is required to assess its clinical utility to improve patient outcomes.
Bayesian Hierarchical Quantile Regression with Application to Characterizing the Immune Architecture of Lung Cancer
Authors: Das Priyam , Peterson Christine B. , Ni Yang , Reuben Alexandre , Zhang Jiexin , Zhang Jianjun , Do Kim-Anh , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe successful development and implementation of precision immuno-oncology therapies requires a deeper understanding of the immune architecture at a patient level. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire sequencing is a relatively new technology that enables monitoring of T-cells, a subset of immune cells that play a central role in modulating immune response. These immunologic relationships are complex and are governed by various distributional aspects of an individual patient's tumor profile. We propose Bayesian QUANTIle regression for hierarchical COvariates (QUANTICO) that allows simultaneous modeling of hierarchical relationships between multilevel covariates, conducts explicit variable selection, estimates quantile and patient-specific coefficient effects, to induce individualized inference. We show QUANTICO outperforms existing approaches in multiple simulation scenarios. We demonstrate the utility of QUANTICO to investigate the effect of TCR variables on immune response in a cohort of lung cancer patients. At population level, our analyses reveal the mechanistic role of T-cell proportion on the immune cell abundance, with tumor mutation burden as an important factor modulating this relationship. At a patient level, we find several outlier patients based on their quantile-specific coefficient functions, who have higher mutational rates and different smoking history.
Rainforest conversion to smallholder cash crops leads to varying declines of beetles (Coleoptera) on Sumatra
Authors: Kasmiatun  , Hartke Tamara R. , Buchori Damayanti , Hidayat Purnama , Siddikah Fatimah , Amrulloh Rosyid , Hiola Muhammad Syaifullah , Najmi Lailatun , Noerdjito Woro A. , Scheu Stefan , Drescher Jochen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoutheast Asian arthropod biodiversity is in rapid decline, but the variability of responses within taxa has received little attention. Using canopy fogging, we collected ~50,000 beetles (Coleoptera) in (1) lowland rainforest, (2) jungle rubber (rubber agroforest), and smallholder monoculture plantations of (3) rubber and (4) oil palm in Sumatra, across two landscapes and seasons. On average, beetle abundance was more than 50%, and biomass over 75%, lower in rubber and oil palm plantations than in rainforest and jungle rubber. This pattern was influenced by landscape and season. Abundance and biomass declines were similar in Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, and Staphylinidae, but differed in Curculionidae, which were most abundant in oil palm due to the introduced oil palm pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus. Across beetle families, species richness in monocultures was reduced by at least 70% compared to rainforest, with beetle richness in jungle rubber being similar to rainforest. Community composition in oil palm plantations differed markedly from the other land‐use systems for Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae, but less for Elateridae and Staphylinidae. Turnover contributed more to overall beta diversity than nestedness for all families and land‐use systems. Likely undersampling of the beetle community in rainforest suggests that declines of beetle density and diversity are much more severe than reported here, especially for beetle families with many concealed species, such as Staphylinidae. This study provides first evidence that negative responses of beetles to tropical land‐use change vary among families, and is the first report of its kind from heavily understudied Sumatra.Abstract in Indonesia is available with online material.
Subtypes of early childhood caries predict future caries experience
Authors: Gormley Alexander , Haworth Simon , Simancas‐Pallares Miguel , Holgerson Pernilla Lif , Esberg Anders , Shrestha Poojan , Divaris Kimon , Johansson Ingegerd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo test whether postulated subtypes of early childhood caries (ECC) are predictive of subsequent caries experience in a population‐based cohort of Swedish children.MethodsThe study included children aged between 3 and 5 years at study entry with dental records available for at least 5 years of follow‐up. Dental record data were retrieved from the Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal disease (SKaPa) for the initial and follow‐up visits. Participants who had ECC at study entry were assigned to one of five ECC subtypes (termed classes 1–5) using latent class modelling of tooth surface‐level caries experience. Subsequent experience of caries was assessed using the decayed, missing and filled surfaces indices (dmfs/DMFS) at follow‐up visits, and compared between ECC subtypes using logistic and negative binomial regression modelling.ResultsThe study included 128 355 children who had 3 or more dental visits spanning at least 5 years post‐baseline. Of these children, 31 919 had caries at the initial visit. Baseline ECC subtype was associated with differences in subsequent disease experience. As an example, 83% of children who had a severe form of ECC at age 5 went on to have caries in the permanent dentition by the end of the study, compared to 51% of children who were caries‐free at age 5 (adjusted odds ratio of 4.9 for new disease at their third follow‐up).ConclusionsECC subtypes assigned at a baseline visit are associated with differences in subsequent caries experience in both primary and permanent teeth. This suggests that the development and future validation of an ECC classification can be used in addition to current prediction tools to help identify children at high risk of developing new caries lesions throughout childhood and adolescence.