bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking psychological inequalities in organisations: Psychological capital reconsidered
Authors: Dóci Edina , Knappert Lena , Nijs Sanne , Hofmans Joeri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that psychological capital is unequally distributed among people from different social classes, ethnic backgrounds and genders. Confronting the limitations of the current, individualistic perspective on psychological capital, we offer a re‐conceptualisation of the construct from a critical, interdisciplinary perspective, placing it at the intersection of sociology and psychology. We discuss the various mechanisms through which social inequalities may cause differential access to psychological capital for members of low‐ and high‐status social groups and show how this differential access to psychological capital results in and exacerbates social inequalities. By doing this, we postulate a recursive theory on psychological capital that both recognises the formative effect of socio‐organisational structures on one's psychology and vice versa.
Fanconi anaemia: A syndrome with distinct subgroups
Authors: Alter Blanche P. , Giri Neelam , McReynolds Lisa J. , Altintas Burak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFanconi anaemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) with a high cancer predisposition rate. Traditional diagnoses are made before age 10 years due to bone marrow failure (BMF) and characteristic birth defects. Up to 10% of published cases were adults at diagnosis. We hypothesized that FA subgroups diagnosed in childhood are distinct from those diagnosed as adults. We classified patients by age at diagnosis of FA as FA‐PED (<18 years) or FA‐ADULT (≥18 years). The National Cancer Institute IBMFS cohort included 178 FA‐PED and 26 FA‐ADULT cases. We compared various features; the cumulative incidences of first adverse events (severe BMF leading to haematopoietic cell transplant or death, leukaemia, or solid tumours) were compared using competing‐risk analyses. FA‐ADULT lacked the ‘typical’ FA features (birth defects and early‐onset BMF or leukaemia), were mainly female, had more patients with FANCA genotype, and had or developed more head and neck squamous‐cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and/or gynaecological cancers compared with FA‐PED, albeit at similar ages in both subgroups. FA‐ADULT is a distinct subgroup that remained unrecognized during childhood. Centres for adult haematology‐oncology should consider FA diagnosis in patients with early‐onset HNSCC or gynaecological cancer with or without haematologic problems.
Dimensional changes of keratinized mucosa after accordion versus conventional free gingival graft around dental implants: A randomized two‐arm parallel clinical trial
Authors: Namadmalian Esfahani Niusha , Mohseni Salehi Monfared Seyed Hossein , Khorsand Afshin , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesFree gingival graft (FGG) is the most effective way to increase the apico‐coronal width of the keratinized mucosa. In case of limited donor tissue, the accordion technique can be used. This study compared FGG for dimensional and clinical changes using accordion and conventional methods.Materials and methodsNinety‐four implants with keratinized tissue deficiency (<2 mm) were randomly assigned to treatment with accordion (49 implants) and conventional (45 implants) FGG. Endpoints including apico‐coronal keratinized tissue width, vertical shrinkage, vestibular depth, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index were measured. The graft harvesting and recipient bed preparation method were similar in the two groups, and the only difference was the graft length. FGG was harvested with a length 40% shorter than the mesiodistal length of the recipient area in the accordion method and as much as the recipient area in the conventional method.Resultsvertical graft shrinkage 1, 3, and 6 months following conventional graft placement was 12.04 ± 14.99, 17.12 ± 20.40, and 23.29 ± 24.63 percent, respectively. In the accordion graft group, the shrinkage was significantly greater with 30.10 ± 16.12, 36.99 ± 15.51, and 43.75 ± 18.78 percent at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively (p‐value < .001). Other factors did not show a clinically significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionsComparison of vertical shrinkage changes shows that the shrinkage rate in the accordion group is significantly higher than the conventional group.Registration numberIRCT20190721044296N1 (Evaluation of dimensional changes of peri‐implant attached mucosa following the treatment of free gingival graft by conventional and accordion methods; randomized clinical trial two‐arm parallel).
Research, monitoring, and reflection as a guide to the management of complex ecosystems: The case of fire in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: van Wilgen Brian W. , Strydom Tercia , Simms Chenay , Smit Izak P. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConservation managers frequently set goals and monitor progress toward them. This often becomes a routine annual exercise, and periodic reflection over longer periods is done less often, if at all. We report on the annual monitoring of fire patterns in the Kruger National Park between 2012 and 2020, and examine how these compared with desired thresholds of spatial extent and intensity. These thresholds were based on decades of research and were aimed at achieving specific ecological outcomes. The patterns were outside of thresholds in two out of five fire management zones. In one (Zone 1), the goal was to encourage frequent burning, and this was marginally not achieved due to a severe drought during the period assessed. In Zone 3, a reduction in extent and intensity was desired, but thresholds for both were substantially exceeded. An exceedance in any given year might not trigger a management response, but if this occurs over multiple years it should trigger an examination of whether these exceedances affected the desired ecological outcomes. On reflection, we recommend that current management in four zones need not change, but that Zone 3 would require appropriate interventions. The available options can simultaneously produce positive and negative conservation outcomes, so trade‐offs become necessary. By reflecting on research findings and management challenges, the advantages and disadvantages of available options have become clear, providing a basis for prioritization and compromise.
Rethinking Social Upgrading in Global Value Chains: Worker Power, State‒Labour Relations and Intersectionality
Authors: Marslev Kristoffer , Staritz Cornelia , Raj‐Reichert Gale 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis article builds on critiques of the concept of social upgrading in global value chain (GVC) research, which problematize its coupling to lead firm strategies and economic upgrading by supplier firms, by reconceptualizing social upgrading through the lens of worker power. It argues that a better understanding of the causal processes of social upgrading can be obtained by integrating insights from labour geography, which situates worker agency at the intersection of a ‘vertical’ dimension of transnational relations and a ‘horizontal’ dimension of local relations, with conceptualizations of worker power from (global) labour studies, particularly the modes of structural and associational power. The authors call for a deeper theorization of the places in which GVCs ‘touch down’, arguing that worker power is decisively shaped by state–labour relations as well as the intersectionality of worker identities and interlinkages between spheres of production and reproduction. Case study analyses of the apparel sectors in Cambodia and Vietnam employ this reconceptualization, drawing on the authors’ own fieldwork. In both cases, worker power expressed in strike action was a key causal driver of social upgrading; and in both, the outcomes were conditioned by GVC dynamics as well as shifting state–labour relations and intersections of worker identities linked to gender, household and community relations.
Functional uni‐ventricular heart due to post‐myocardial infarction ventricular septum rupture
Authors: Gaisendrees Christopher , Hoffmann Fabian , Kuffer Liz , Mader Navid , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVentricular septum defect (VSD) is an often lethal complication caused by myocardial infarction. We report a rare case of post‐myocardial infarction ventricular septum rupture in a patient after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). In the bedside echocardiography after VA ECMO cannulation, we noticed the circular, hypertrophied left ventricle with the disintegrated inter‐ventricular septum (maximum dehiscence 3.3 cm), accompanied by decreased left‐ventricular ejection fraction and the right ventricle being compressed by the left ventricle's free septal wall. There was no pressure‐relevant inter‐ventricular separation resulting in left‐to‐right‐shunting and therefore resulting in a fully functional uni‐ventricular heart.
Developmental experiences alter the temporal processing characteristics of the visual cortex: Evidence from deaf and hearing native signers
Authors: Stroh Anna‐Lena , Grin Konstantin , Rösler Frank , Bottari Davide , Ossandón José , Rossion Bruno , Röder Brigitte 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo date, the extent to which early experience shapes the functional characteristics of neural circuits is still a matter of debate. In the present study, we tested whether congenital deafness and/or the acquisition of a sign language alter the temporal processing characteristics of the visual system. Moreover, we investigated whether, assuming cross‐modal plasticity in deaf individuals, the temporal processing characteristics of possibly reorganised auditory areas resemble those of the visual cortex. Steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) were recorded in congenitally deaf native signers, hearing native signers, and hearing nonsigners. The luminance of the visual stimuli was periodically modulated at 12, 21, and 40 Hz. For hearing nonsigners, the optimal driving rate was 12 Hz. By contrast, for the group of hearing signers, the optimal driving rate was 12 and 21 Hz, whereas for the group of deaf signers, the optimal driving rate was 21 Hz. We did not observe evidence for cross‐modal recruitment of auditory cortex in the group of deaf signers. These results suggest a higher preferred neural processing rate as a consequence of the acquisition of a sign language.
Institutional investor distraction and innovation
Authors: Pu Xiaoling , Tsai Hua‐Hsin , Via M. Tony 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrior studies suggest high institutional ownership provides stable funding for firm managers supporting long‐term innovation. However, we hypothesize that the level of holdings can also proxy for institutional attention. We address this question and find that institutional distraction negatively impacts board monitoring and advisory support for management, reducing R&D, patent filings, citations and creativity. Distraction is concentrated in (1) firms owned by institutions providing low attention before the shock and (2) industries facing low substitute monitoring through competition. Distraction also affects information flow in firms facing high labour mobility and high peer firm innovation (technology spillovers).
“Less USSR, more democracy please!”: Hope and discontent in Georgia's quest for academic freedom
Authors: Kobakhidze M. Nutsa , Samniashvili Lela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Georgia, the question of academic freedom emerged only after the country gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and its universities could begin reckoning with a heavy past of ideological pressure, censorship, governmental control and top‐down management. Despite official declarations of the right to academic freedom and its recognition within Georgia's legal framework, actual practice in the country's higher education system tells a different story. The paper draws on qualitative data obtained from sixteen academics representing diverse institutions and disciplines, as well as the secondary data including educational legislation, government regulations, ministers' decrees, various reports from non‐governmental organisations, think tanks and media archives. The findings of this paper reflect how academic freedom is understood in Georgia and two major threats to its exercise in universities, namely, interference from external politics and internal managerialism. We argue that academic freedom as a concept does not yet have its own place in Georgia's higher education system, protected de jure but with different de facto realities. The paper sheds light on how Soviet legacies of self‐censorship, hidden mechanisms of control and a culture of conformity continue to create tensions inside universities and an environment in which academic freedom cannot flourish.
Histories of ‘a loathsome disease’: Sexual health in modern Britain
Authors: Hanley Anne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrom Victorian preoccupations with prostitution and degeneration to our present‐day problems with antimicrobial resistance and inequalities in access to care, sexual health has been riddled with gendered, racialised, politicised and class‐based meanings. Historians writing from within an increasingly diverse collection of subfields have explored how British attitudes towards, and interventions in, sexual health have changed over the past two centuries. In so doing, they have also addressed a wide range of themes in British social life, politics, gender and sexuality. This article surveys this extensive historiography, highlighting important shifts and reflecting on where historians might fruitfully turn next. Inevitably, there are problematic silences in the scholarship. Historians, overwhelmingly reliant on records compiled by health authorities and the state, have tended to write top‐down histories of sexual health. The lived experiences of ordinary people, especially those on the margins of society, remain frustratingly elusive. Moreover, the same sorts of inequalities that historically undermined care and denied patients a voice continue to shape health outcomes. As such, this article not only surveys the historiography but also makes the case for the important role that historians can play in supporting positive changes in attitudes towards sexual health and the delivery of healthcare today.
High‐coordinated alumina and oxygen triclusters in modified aluminosilicate glasses
Authors: Welch Rebecca S. , Astle Sierra , Youngman Randall E. , Mauro John C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAluminosilicate glasses are ubiquitous in high‐performance displays due to their favorable thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. They also exhibit interesting structural features depending on the ratio of alumina to modifiers in the glass system. Excess modifiers exist in the metaluminous region, while the peraluminous region contains more negatively charged alumina structures than modifiers. As the composition switches from metaluminous to peraluminous, anomalous changes in properties such as the glass transition temperature, viscosity, and refractive index occur. This has been explained with two contrasting structural transformations to accommodate the lack of charge‐balancing modifiers: either aluminum increases in coordination (forming five‐coordinated or six‐coordinated Al) and/or oxygens become three‐coordinated (known as triclusters). The precise charge‐balancing mechanism remains a subject of much debate in the community. This review highlights this structural debate by providing a chronological understanding of how these two theories evolved. We also summarize the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the aluminosilicate glass structure. By gaining a more comprehensive view of the two opposing structural views within the aluminosilicate glass system, we can gain insights on valuable future research from both experimental and modeling perspectives.
Snow depth drives habitat selection by overwintering birds in built‐up areas, farmlands and forests
Authors: Deshpande Purabi , Lehikoinen Petteri , Thorogood Rose , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimAbundances of animals vary according to species‐specific habitat selection, but habitats are undergoing rapid change in response to anthropogenic alterations of land use and climate. The long‐term decline of snowfall is one of the most dramatic abiotic changes in boreal regions, with potential to alter species communities and shape future ecosystems. However, the effects of snow cover on habitat‐specific abundances remain unclear for many taxa. Here we explore whether long‐term declines in snow cover affect the abundances of overwintering birds.TaxonFifty bird species.LocationFinland, Northern Europe.MethodsWe used generalized linear mixed models to analyse citizen‐led monitoring data from 196 transects over a 32‐year period to assess whether abundances of birds have changed in built‐up areas, farmlands and forests, and whether these covary with warming temperatures and decreasing snow. We then explored if changes in abundance can be explained by body mass, migration strategy or feeding guilds of the species.ResultsOver the study period, the abundance of overwintering birds increased. This increase was most pronounced in farmlands (69.6%), where abundances were positively associated with decreasing snow depth. On the other hand, while abundances in built‐up habitats (19.5%) decreased over the study period, they increased in periods of high snow depths. Finally, we found that the short‐distance migration strategy explains changes in bird abundances with snow. In farmlands, ground feeding birds and heavier birds also show a positive trends in abundance with decreasing snow depths.Main conclusionsLocal snow conditions are driving habitat selection of birds in the winter; birds in farmlands were most responsive to a decrease in snow depth. Changing snow depths can affect bird movements across habitats in the winter, but also influence migratory patterns and range shifts of species.
Association between vitamin D status and diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tang Weiwei , Chen Lihong , Ma Wanxia , Chen Dawei , Wang Chun , Gao Yun , Ran Xingwu 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo assess the association between vitamin D and diabetic foot (DF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in order to summarize clinical evidence in the prevention and treatment of DF.Materials and methodsBetween January 2012 and December 2019, a total of 1,721 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were continuously enrolled in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and divided into DF and non‐DF groups according to whether they had DF, and divided into four subgroups according to the admission season. The 25‐OH‐vitamin D levels were compared between groups and subgroups, and independent risk factors discussed for the occurrence of DF.ResultsThe vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency rate were higher in the DF group (77.51%) than in the non‐DF group (59.2%). The 25‐OH‐vitamin D levels were lower in the DF group (35.80 nmol/L) than in the non‐DF group (45.48 nmol/L) (P < 0.001). Patients with poor glycemic control had lower 25‐OH‐vitamin D levels (P = 0.01). The levels of 25‐OH‐vitamin D were lower in winter and spring. In the same season, the levels of 25‐OH‐vitamin D in patients with DF were still lower (P < 0.001). The 25‐OH‐vitamin D levels of patients with Wagner grades 0 to 5 showed a downward trend (P = 0.114). The 25‐OH‐vitamin D level was independently associated with diabetic foot (P < 0.001, OR = 0.986).ConclusionsThe low serum vitamin D level was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of DF among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although vitamin D levels vary seasonally, patients with DF were always at higher risk of having vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.
Melatonin and aggressive behavior: A systematic review of the literature on preclinical and clinical evidence
Authors: Paribello Pasquale , Manchia Mirko , Bosia Marta , Pinna Federica , Carpiniello Bernardo , Comai Stefano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe melatonin system and circadian disruption have well‐established links with aggressive behaviors; however, the biological underpinnings have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we aimed at examining the current knowledge regarding the neurobiological and psychopharmacological involvement of the melatonin system in aggressive/violent behaviors. To this end, we performed a systematic review on Embase and Pubmed/MEDLINE of preclinical and clinical evidence linking the melatonin system, melatonin, and melatoninergic drugs with aggressive/violent behaviors. Two blinded raters performed an independent screening of the relevant literature. Overall, this review included 38 papers distributed between clinical and preclinical models. Eleven papers specifically addressed the existing evidence in rodent models, five in fish models, and 21 in humans. The data indicate that depending on the species, model, and timing of administration, melatonin may exert a complex influence on aggressive/violent behaviors. Particularly, the apparent contrasting findings on the link between the melatonin system and aggression/violence (with either increased, no, or decreased effect) shown in preclinical models underscore the need for further research to develop more accurate and fruitful translational models. Likewise, the significant heterogeneity found in the results of clinical studies does not allow yet to draw any firm conclusion on the efficacy of melatonin or melatonergic drugs on aggressive/violent behaviors. However, findings in children and in traits associated with aggressive/violent behavior, including irritability and anger, are emerging and deserve empirical attention given the low toxicity of melatonin and melatonergic drugs.
Extensive introgression at late stages of species formation: Insights from grasshopper hybrid zones
Authors: Hagberg Linda , Celemín Enrique , Irisarri Iker , Hawlitschek Oliver , Bella José L. , Mott Tamí , Pereira Ricardo J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe process of species formation is characterized by the accumulation of multiple reproductive barriers. The evolution of hybrid male sterility, or Haldane’s rule, typically characterizes later stages of species formation, when reproductive isolation is strongest. Yet, understanding how quickly reproductive barriers evolve and their consequences for maintaining genetic boundaries between emerging species remains a challenging task because it requires studying taxa that hybridize in nature. Here, we address these questions using the meadow grasshopperPseudochorthippus parallelus, where populations that show multiple reproductive barriers, including hybrid male sterility, hybridize in two natural hybrid zones. Using mitochondrial data, we infer that such populations diverged some 100,000 years ago, at the beginning of the last glacial cycle in Europe. Nuclear data show that contractions at multiple glacial refugia, and post‐glacial expansions have facilitated genetic differentiation between lineages that today interact in hybrid zones. We find extensive introgression throughout the sampled species range, irrespective of the current strength of reproductive isolation. Populations exhibiting hybrid male sterility in two hybrid zones show repeatable patterns of genomic differentiation, consistent with shared genomic constraints affecting ancestral divergence or with the role of those regions in reproductive isolation. Together, our results suggest that reproductive barriers that characterize late stages of species formation can evolve relatively quickly, particularly when associated with strong demographic changes. Moreover, we show that such barriers persist in the face of extensive gene flow, allowing future studies to identify associated genomic regions.