bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription Pattern of Antibiotics among General Dental Practitioners in Karnataka—A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Jenny Anisha , Nagar Priya , Raghunath Vatsala N. , Lakhotia Richa , K. Fathimath Nihala , Ninawe Nupur 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction There is a lack of clear guidelines for the use of antibiotics and analgesics in medically healthy patients as well as endodontic pain management strategies. Diseases of the dental pulp and periapical tissue are mainly caused by microorganisms; however, not all cases of dental infections require the administration of systemic antibiotics. The purpose of the present survey was to evaluate the prescription pattern of antibiotics among general practitioners and specialists practicing in Karnataka.
Methods This descriptive cross-sectional survey was based on a structured questionnaire in Google Form with 17 questions, including the demographic characteristics and the knowledge and practice of the dentists on the antibiotic prescription. Completed questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS software to determine relationships between factors affecting the prescription patterns and educational qualification.
Results Of the 200 participants surveyed, 169 (84.9%) felt that the overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance of bacteria. Amoxicillin 500 mg was the most prescribed antibiotic (97%) and cephalexin by only 3% of the participants. Majority of the dentists prescribed antibiotics on a weekly basis (51.8%) during their practice and the preferred duration was for 5 days (62.8%).
Conclusion The results of the present study indicated a lack of knowledge and uncertain diagnosis on prescribing antibiotics leading to overprescription and further antibiotic resistance. The majority of the dentist feels there is an overuse of antibiotics, but at the same time prescribes it on a daily basis.
A near-ambient pressure flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts
Authors: Chai Peng , Jin Yuekang , Sun Guanghui , Ding Liangbing , Wu Longxia , Wang Haocheng , Fu Cong , Wu Zongfang , Huang Weixin 
Published: May 2022

The model catalyst approach is often used for fundamental investigations of complex heterogeneous catalysis, in which operando characterizations are critical. A flow reactor is usually adopted for gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Herein, we report a home-designed near-ambient pressure (NAP) flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and an online quadrupole mass spectrometer for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts. A unique gas supply system is designed and manufactured to enable a stable gas inlet to the NAP flow reactor at pressures up to ∼100 mbar. An ultrahigh vacuum chamber equipped with the facilities for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy, E-beam evaporation source, and ion sputtering gun is connected to the NAP flow reactor via a gate valve for preparations and routine characterizations of model catalysts. The functions of the system are demonstrated by in situ PM-IRAS characterization of CO adsorption on Pt(111) and operando characterizations of CO oxidation on Pt(111) under NAP conditions.
An ultrahigh sensitivity three-dimensional electric-field sensor with barium titanate crystal waveguides
Authors: Luo Mengxi , Sun DeGui , Jin Guangyong 
Published: May 2022

The high-speed development and applications of modern automation production, high-capacity high-speed telecommunications, and aerospace are promoting the detection and sensing of various electric fields. In this article, we investigate a three-dimensional high-frequency electric-field sensor with a barium titanate (BaTiO3) crystal film waveguide due to an extremely high electrooptic (EO) coefficient, r51 = r42. First, the dependences of the lowest electric field, namely, the sensitivity of the sensor to the electric field and the most sensitive direction, are modeled through the nonlinear EO modulation equation of the EO coefficient, r51, and birefringence, beo, with an embedded waveguide/electrode regime. Then, for the given r51/beo values, broad dependences of device sensitivities are numerically simulated with a broad design of electrodes. Thus, as a result, for a given BaTiO3 crystal thin-film having an EO coefficient value of r51 = ≥500 pm/V and an absolute beo value of ≤0.01, the lowest electric field of tens of kilovolt/m level and the electric-field direction could also be detected with a sensing length of millimeters. Meanwhile, the frequency dependence of a scattering parameter of the microwave sensor antenna, S11, is simulated and the frequency point of 2.15 GHz for the highest gain antenna is found.
Use of artificial bark covers to investigate the distribution and abundance of arboreal lizards in a floodplain environment
Authors: Moore Eva , Nimmo Dale G. , Wassens Skye , Michael Damian R. 
Published: May 2022

Arboreal lizards, especially species that inhabit flood-prone environments, have been poorly surveyed worldwide. We examined spatiotemporal patterns in arboreal lizard abundance and factors driving detection rates in floodplain environments using artificial bark covers, a non-destructive and cost-effective survey method. In total, 112 flexible, closed-cell foam bark covers were installed on eucalypt trees in 13 wetlands in the Murrumbidgee River floodplain of southern New South Wales, Australia, stratified by two inundation frequency treatments. Of four arboreal lizard species detected, the southern marbled gecko (Christinus marmoratus) (n = 41) and the tree dtella (Gehyra versicolor) (n = 8) were restricted to the mid-Murrumbidgee region, whereas the crevice skink (Egernia striolata) (n = 19) was restricted to the lower-Murrumbidgee region and did not co-occur with either gecko species. Mean detection rates of lizard species did not differ between frequently and infrequently inundated treatments but their abundance beneath covers varied significantly by month. For all detected lizard species, the presence/absence of the arachnid Holconia murrayensis represented a significant variable in explaining lizard occurrence patterns, particularly that of C. marmoratus. Artificial bark covers are a useful survey method for collecting distribution, abundance, and occupancy data on floodplain reptiles, although detection rates can be affected by the month, predator–prey interactions, and survey effort. Adopting passive, non-destructive reptile survey methods would greatly improve our knowledge of species’ distributions and abundance patterns in vegetation communities subject to disturbance events.
Role of dynamic bonds on fatigue threshold of tough hydrogels
Authors: Li Xueyu , Gong Jian Ping 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceDynamic bonds have been found to enhance fracture toughness of hydrogels as sacrificial bonds, but the role of dynamic bonds to fatigue threshold of hydrogels is poorly understood because the wide dynamic range of viscoelastic response imposes a challenge on fatigue experiments. Here, by using polyampholyte hydrogels, we adopted a time–salt superposition principle to access a wide range of time scales that are otherwise difficult to access in fatigue tests. Relations between fatigue threshold and strain rate in elastic and viscoelastic regimes and the corresponding mechanism correlated to permanent/dynamic bonds were revealed. We believe that this work gives important insight into the design and development of fatigue-resistant soft materials composed of dynamic bonds.
Variation versus deviation
Authors: Requena Pablo E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Naturalistic production research has reported that, unlike monolingual peers, children acquiring Spanish as a
heritage language omit Differential Object Marking (DOM) with animate objects since the earliest stages of language development.
However, the previous studies investigating longitudinal monolingual and bilingual corpora cannot be compared to each other given
their different treatment of language-internal variation in DOM use along the animacy scale. Whereas monolingual results excluded
contexts predicted to be variable, bilingual results combined them with categorical contexts increasing the rate of “errors” in
the bilingual group. This study reexamines naturalistic production by monolingual and early bilingual children as well as by their
caregivers using a common methodology that distinguishes categorical from variable DOM contexts. The results indicate that
longitudinal corpora covering child heritage speakers’ development up to age three do not show evidence of greater omission of DOM
compared to monolingual children once variability along the animacy scale is accounted for. By contrast, young monolingual and
bilingual children’s use of Spanish DOM seems target-like based on their input.
Ignition thresholds and flame propagation of methane-air mixture: detailed kinetic study coupled with electrical measurements of the nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasma discharges
Authors: Mehdi Ghazanfar , Fontanarosa Donato , Bonuso Sara , De Giorgi Maria Grazia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of nanopulsed plasma discharge on combustion enhancement. A disk-ring plasma actuator was developed to be applied to a rectangular cross-sectional burner. Experiments tests were performed with different applied voltages to estimate reduced electric field (E
N), mean power and the energy input (E
i) to be coupled with numerical analysis. The validation of the plasma chemistry model was carried out using ZDPlaskin numerical solver by comparing the experimental data of mole fraction of O atoms available in the literature. Plasma chemistry computations based on an extended kinetic mechanism of methane/air mixtures were performed by ZDPlasKin. Then, the results obtained by the ZDPlasKin in the form of kinetic effects (concentrations of O, OH, O3, CH, CH3, and H) and thermal effects (joule heating) were used in CHEMKIN to evaluate the combustion enhancement. Flame speed considerably increased with plasma discharge and maximum enhancement has been observed at about 20.9%. The flame temperature corresponding to the peak of heat release rate gets lower with the increase of the E
i value. It has been observed that in a clean case, a lower flammability limit was retrieved at φ = 0.6, but in presence of plasma, it was reduced to φ = 0.5. The plasma actuation significantly reduced the time necessary to reach the ignition temperature with respect to autoignition (clean case). The maximum reduction of ignition delay timing was noticed at E
i = 10.11 mJ cm−3 and E
N = 200 Td, with a value between 10−8 and 10−7 s, significantly lower than the autoignition case is between 10−3 and 10−2 s. Adding to this, ignition analysis was also performed at low inlet temperatures. Results demonstrated that it was possible to reach ignition of CH4/air mixture at a lower inlet temperature than the one required for self-ignition (without plasma), meaning that ignition is even possible in cold flow conditions using plasma. Finally, thermal and kinetic effects of plasma discharge on the ignition enhancement of methane–air mixture have been predicted. It concluded the ignition improvement is mainly due to O, H, and OH species, while the thermal effect was negligible.
Electron transfer driven by tip-induced flexoelectricity in contact electrification
Authors: Lin Shiquan , Zheng Mingli , Xu Liang , Zhu Laipan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Contact electrification (CE) has been known for over 25 centuries, but the origin of the CE remains mysterious. Recent theoretical studies suggest that flexoelectricity may drive the CE, but experimental evidence is lacking. Here, the CE between a nanoscale tip and flat polymers is studied by using atomic force microscopy. The contributions of flexoelectricity to the CE are analyzed. We focus on the effect of the load, which is coupled to the strain gradient at the contact region. It is revealed that the flexoelectric polarization in general polymers can drive electron transfer, and even reverse the intrinsic polarity of electron transfer in the CE. It implies that the flexoelectricity is one of the driving forces for the CE. The flexoelectricity induced electric field is measured by applying a voltage between the tip and the sample, which counteracts the flexocoupling voltage. Further, a band structure model is proposed, in which the surface states of the solid are suggested to be shifted by the flexoelectric polarization.
1D-DRSETL: a novel unsupervised transfer learning method for cross-condition fault diagnosis of rolling bearing
Authors: Tong Jinyu , Liu Cang , Zheng Jinde , Pan Haiyang , Wang Xiaoyu , Bao Jiahan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transfer learning can meet the challenge of cross-condition fault diagnosis. However, the diagnostic effectiveness of transfer learning in actual applications is unsatisfactory, mainly due to the great unbalance in labeling between testing and training samples. A one-dimensional dual residual squeeze-and-excitation transfer learning network (1D-DRSETL) is proposed for an unsupervised accurate intelligent diagnosis under cross-condition in this paper for unlabeled small sample. First, a special block is designed to obtain transferable features by adaptively focusing on fault-sensitive information. Second, the joint maximum mean discrepancy is utilized to deal with the feature matching problem under cross-conditions. Then, speed up model training with AdaBelief optimizer. Finally, cross-conditions transfer diagnosis experiments are designed to demonstrate the superiority of the method based on a self-made dataset and the publicly available rolling bearings dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher fault diagnosis accuracy and better robustness under cross-conditions than the contrasting methods.
Quantum vacuum processes in the extremely intense light of relativistic plasma mirror sources
Authors: Sainte-Marie Antonin , Fedeli Luca , Zaïm Neïl , Karbstein Felix , Vincenti Henri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The advent of petawatt-class laser systems allows generating electromagnetic fields of unprecedented strength in a controlled environment, driving increasingly more efforts to probe yet unobserved processes through their interaction with the quantum vacuum. Still, the lowest intensity scale governing these effects lies orders of magnitude beyond foreseen capabilities, so that such endeavor is expected to remain extremely challenging. In recent years, however, plasma mirrors have emerged as a promising bridge across this gap, by enabling the conversion of intense infrared laser pulses into coherently focused Doppler harmonic beams lying in the X-UV range. In this work, we present predictions on the quantum vacuum signatures produced when such beams are focused to intensities between 1024 and 1028 W cm−2, specifically photon–photon scattering and electron–positron pair creation. These signatures are computed via the stimulated vacuum formalism, combined with a model of perfectly focused beam built from PIC-generated harmonics spectra, and implemented on state-of-the-art massively parallel numerical tools. In view of identifying experimentally favorable configurations, we also consider the coupling of the focused harmonic beam with an auxiliary optical beam, and provide comparison with other established schemes. Our results show that a single coherently focused harmonic beam can produce as much scattered photons as two infrared pulses in head-on collision, and confirm that the coupling of the harmonic beam to an auxiliary beam gives rise to significant levels of inelastic scattering, and hence holds the potential to strongly improve the attainable signal to noise ratios in experiments.
Nature of particles azimuthal anisotropy at low and high transverse momenta in ultrarelativistic A + A collisions
Authors: Bravina L V , Eyyubova G Kh , Korotkikh V L , Lokhtin I P , Petrushanko S V , Snigirev A M , Zabrodin E E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
LHC data on the correlations of the elliptic flow v
2 of particles at low and high transverse momenta p

T
from Pb+Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair

s

NN

=
5.02

TeV are analyzed in the framework of the HYDJET++ model. This model includes soft and hard components which allows to describe the region of both low and high transverse momenta. The origin of v
2 values in different p

T
regions is investigated at different centralities. It is shown that the experimentally observed correlations between v
2 at low and high p

T
in peripheral lead-lead collisions is due to correlation of particles in jets.
Stability of motion and thermodynamics in charged black holes in f(T) gravity
Authors: Nashed G.G.L. , Saridakis Emmanuel N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the stability of motion and the thermodynamics in the
case of spherically symmetric
solutions in f(T) gravity using the perturbative approach. We
consider small deviations from general relativity
and we extract charged black hole solutions for two charge profiles, namely
with or without a perturbative correction in the charge distribution.
We examine their asymptotic behavior, we extract various torsional and
curvature invariants, and we calculate the energy and the mass of the
solutions. Furthermore, we study the stability of motion around the
obtained solutions, by analyzing the geodesic
deviation, and we extract the unstable regimes in
the parameter space. We calculate the inner
(Cauchy) and outer (event) horizons, showing that for larger deviations from
general relativity or larger charges, the horizon disappears and the central
singularity becomes a naked one. Additionally, we perform a detailed thermodynamic
analysis examining the temperature, entropy, heat capacity and Gibb's free
energy. Concerning the heat capacity we find that for larger deviations from
general relativity it is always positive, and this
shows that f(T) modifications improve the thermodynamic stability, which
is not the case in other classes of modified gravity.
Hidden-charm pentaquark states through current algebra: from their production to decay *
Authors: Chen Hua-Xing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There may be seven

hadronic molecular states. We construct their corresponding interpolating currents and calculate their masses and decay constants using QCD sum rules. Based on these results, we calculate their relative production rates in

decays using current algebra, that is,

, where

and

are two different states. We also study their decay properties via Fierz rearrangement and further calculate these ratios in the

mass spectrum, that is,

. Our results suggest that the

molecular states of

and

may be observed in future experiments.
On the Rotation Properties of a Post-explosion Helium-star Companion in Type Iax Supernovae
Authors: Zeng Yaotian , Liu Zheng-Wei , Meng Xiangcun , Han Zhanwen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are likely to result from a weak deflagration explosion of a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf in a binary system with a helium (He)-star companion. Assuming that most SNe Iax are produced from this scenario, in this work we extend our previous work on the three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation of ejecta-companion interaction by taking the orbital and spin velocities of the progenitor system into account. We then follow the post-impact evolution of a surviving He-star companion by using the one-dimensional stellar evolution code MESA. We aim to investigate the post-explosion rotation properties of a He-star companion in SNe Iax. We find that the He-star companion spins down after the impact due to the angular-momentum loss and expansion caused by the mass-stripping and shock heating during the interaction. This leads to the situation where the surface rotational speed of the surviving companion can drop to one-third of its pre-explosion value when it expands to a maximum radius a few years after the impact. Subsequently, the star shrinks and spins up again once the deposited energy is released. This spin-switching feature of the surviving He-star companions of SNe Iax may be useful for the identification of such objects in future observations.
The Role of Magnetic Fields in Triggered Star Formation of RCW 120
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Sefako Ramotholo , Yang Yang , Jiang Zhibo , Yu Shuling , Yin Jia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report on the near-infrared polarimetric observations of RCW 120 with the 1.4 m IRSF telescope. The starlight polarization of the background stars reveals for the first time the magnetic field of RCW 120. The global magnetic field of RCW 120 is along the direction of 20°, parallel to the Galactic plane. The field strength on the plane of the sky is 100 ± 26 μG. The magnetic field around the eastern shell shows evidence of compression by the H ii region. The external pressure (turbulent pressure + magnetic pressure) and the gas density of the ambient cloud are minimum along the direction where RCW 120 breaks out, which explains the observed elongation of RCW 120. The dynamical age of RCW 120, depending on the magnetic field strength, is ∼1.6 Myr for field strength of 100 μG, older than the hydrodynamic estimates. In direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, the density contrast of the western shell is greatly reduced by the strong magnetic field. The strong magnetic field in general reduces the efficiency of triggered star formation, in comparison with the hydrodynamic estimates. Triggered star formation via the “collect and collapse” mechanism could occur in the direction along the magnetic field. Core formation efficiency (CFE) is found to be higher in the southern and eastern shells of RCW 120 than in the infrared dark cloud receiving little influence from the H ii region, suggesting increase in the CFE related to triggering from ionization feedback.
Toward learning dynamic origin-destination matrices from crowd density heatmaps
Authors: Gödel Marion , Lehmberg Daniel , Brydon Rebecca , Bosina Ernst , Köster Gerta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Knowing the origins and destinations of pedestrians’ paths is key to the initialization of crowd simulations. Unfortunately, they are difficult to measure in the real world. This is one major challenge for live predictions during events such as festivals, soccer games, protest marches, and many others. Sensor data can be used to feed real-world observations into simulations in real-time. As input data for this study, we use density heatmaps generated from real-world trajectory data obtained from stereo sensors. Density information is compact, of constant size, and in general easier to obtain than e.g., individual trajectories. Therefore, the information limitation improves the applicability to other scenarios. We include the absolute pedestrian trip counts from origins to destinations during a brief time interval in an OD matrix, including unknown destinations due to sensor errors. Our goal is to estimate these OD matrices from a series of density heatmaps for the same interval. For this, we compute the ground truth OD matrices and density heatmaps using real-world trajectory data from a train station. We employ linear regression as a statistical learning method for estimation. We observe that the linear share of the relationship between density and OD matrix is estimated successfully. Nevertheless, a portion of the data remains that cannot be explained. We attempt to overcome this difficulty with random forest as a nonlinear model. The results indicate that both a linear and a nonlinear model can estimate some features of the OD matrices. However, there is no clear winner in terms of the chosen metric, the R
2 score. Overall, our findings are a strong indicator that OD matrices can indeed be estimated from density heatmaps extracted automatically from sensors.