bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI-based machine learning model: A potential modality for predicting cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xu Zhigao , Zhao Lili , Yin Lei , Liu Yan , Ren Ying , Yang Guoqiang , Wu Jinlong , Gu Feng , Sun Xuesong , Yang Hui , Peng Taisong , Hu Jinfeng , Wang Xiaogeng , Pang Minghao , Dai Qiong , Zhang Guojiang 
Published: November 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a crucial risk factor for cognitive impairment. Accurate assessment of patients’ cognitive function and early intervention is helpful to improve patient’s quality of life. At present, neuropsychiatric screening tests is often used to perform this task in clinical practice. However, it may have poor repeatability. Moreover, several studies revealed that machine learning (ML) models can effectively assess cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We investigated whether we could develop an MRI-based ML model to evaluate the cognitive state of patients with T2DM.Objective: To propose MRI-based ML models and assess their performance to predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) of magnetic resonance images (MRI) were derived from 122 patients with T2DM. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Montréal Cognitive Assessment Scale-B (MoCA-B). Patients with T2DM were separated into the Dementia (DM) group (n = 40), MCI group (n = 52), and normal cognitive state (N) group (n = 30), according to the MoCA scores. Radiomics features were extracted from MR images with the Radcloud platform. The variance threshold, SelectKBest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used for the feature selection. Based on the selected features, the ML models were constructed with three classifiers, k-NearestNeighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR), and the validation method was used to improve the effectiveness of the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) determined the appearance of the classification. The optimal classifier was determined by the principle of maximizing the Youden index.Results: 1,409 features were extracted and reduced to 13 features as the optimal discriminators to build the radiomics model. In the validation set, ROC curves revealed that the LR classifier had the best predictive performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.831 in DM, 0.883 in MIC, and 0.904 in the N group, compared with the SVM and KNN classifiers.Conclusion: MRI-based ML models have the potential to predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2DM. Compared with the SVM and KNN, the LR algorithm showed the best performance.
Antiplatelet efficacy of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in Mediterranean patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic coronary syndromes: A crossover pharmacodynamic investigation
Authors: Marcano Ana Lucrecia , Gracida Montserrat , Roura Gerard , Gomez-Lara Josep , Romaguera Rafael , Teruel Luis , Fuentes Lara , Muntané-Carol Guillem , Meroño Oona , Sosa Silvia Gabriela , Gómez-Hospital Joan Antoni , Comin-Colet Josep , Ferreiro José Luis 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPatients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have augmented platelet reactivity and diminished responsiveness to clopidogrel. Ticagrelor, a more potent P2Y12 inhibitor, is clinically superior to clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes, although its role in chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) is still the subject of debate. The aim of this investigation was to compare the pharmacodynamic effectiveness of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in Mediterranean DM patients with CCS.Materials and methodsIn this prospective, randomized, crossover study, patients (n = 20) were randomized (1:1) to receive, on top of aspirin therapy, either ticagrelor 180 mg loading dose (LD)/90 mg maintenance dose (MD) b.i.d. or clopidogrel 600 mg LD/75 mg MD o.d. for 1 week in a crossover fashion with a 2–4 week washout period between regimens. Platelet function measurements were performed at 4 timepoints in each period (baseline, 2 h and 24 h after LD, and 1 week), including light transmission aggregometry (LTA, primary endpoint), VASP assay, Multiplate and VerifyNow P2Y12.ResultsThe ticagrelor LD achieved greater platelet inhibitory effect than clopidogrel LD, assessed with LTA (20 μM ADP as agonist), at 2 h (34.9 ± 3.9% vs. 63.6 ± 3.9%; p &lt; 0.001) and 24 h (39.4 ± 3.5% vs. 52.3 ± 3.8%; p = 0.014). After 1 week of therapy, platelet reactivity was again significantly inferior with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel (30.7 ± 3.0% vs. 54.3 ± 3.0%; p &lt; 0.001). The results were consistent with the other platelet function assays employed.ConclusionIn Mediterranean patients with DM and CCS, ticagrelor provides a more potent antiplatelet effect than clopidogrel after the LD and during the maintenance phase of therapy.Clinical trial registration[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT02457130].
Induced microearthquakes predict permeability creation in the brittle crust
Authors: Li Ziyan , Elsworth Derek , Wang Chaoyi ,   EGS-Collab
Published: November 2022

Predicting the evolution of permeability accurately during stimulation at the reservoir scale and at the resolution of individual fractures is essential to characterize the fluid transport and the reactive/heat-transfer characteristics of reservoirs where stress exerts significant control. Here, we develop a hybrid machine learning (ML) model to visualize in situ permeability evolution for an intermediate-scale (∼10 m) hydraulic stimulation experiment. This model includes an ML model that was trained using the well history of flow rate and wellhead pressure and MEQ data from the first three stimulation episodes to predict average permeability from the statistical features of the MEQs alone for later episodes. Moreover, a physics-inspired model is integrated to estimate in situ fracture permeability spatially. This method relates fracture permeability to fracture dilation and scales dilation to the equivalent MEQ magnitude, according to laboratory observations. The seismic data are then applied to define incremental changes in permeability in both space and time. Our results confirm the excellent agreement between the ground truth and model-predicted permeability evolution. The resulting permeability map defines and quantifies flow paths in the reservoir with the averaged permeability comparing favorably with the ground truth of permeability.
Evaluation of the efficacy of EU-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS in risk stratification of pediatric patients with thyroid nodules
Authors: Tuli Gerdi , Munarin Jessica , Scollo Mariapia , Quaglino Francesco , De Sanctis Luisa 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPediatric thyroid nodules have a lower prevalence but a higher rate of malignancy (ROM) than those in adults. Ultrasound features suspected of malignancy lead to fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and subsequent cytological determination, upon which management is decided. Based on the characteristics of ultrasound, to standardize clinician decisions and avoid unnecessary FNAB, the European Thyroid Association and the American Radiology College have established guidelines for Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS) for ROM stratification of thyroid nodules. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ACR-TIRADS and EU-TIRADS in pediatric age.Materials and methodsSubjects younger than 18 years of age with thyroid nodules greater than 0.5 cm observed in the 2000-2020 period were included.ResultsData from 200 subjects were collected. The overall ROM was 13%, rising to 26% if nodules with a diameter &gt;1 cm were considered. Patients with a malignant nodule were more likely to have a higher EU-TIRADS score (p=0.03). Missed cancer diagnoses were 26.9%. Using the EU-TIRADS system, 40% of FNABs could have been avoided, while this scoring system would have resulted in FNAB being performed in 12% of cases where the assessment of ultrasound features would not recommend FNAB. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 73.1%, 57.1%, 73.1%, and 50%, respectively. Even considering the ACR-TIRADS, a higher score correlated with a higher ROM (p&lt;0.001). This system missed 6 diagnoses of cancer (23.1%). Using the ACR-TIRADS system, 45.3% of FNABs could have been avoided, while FNAB should have been performed in 12% of cases where it was not recommended by ultrasound characteristics. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 76.9%, 50%, 76.9%, and 42.9%, respectively.ConclusionThe present study confirms the correspondence of the EU-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS categories with respect to malignancy but indicates not entirely satisfactory performance compared to FNAB alone. However, the use of the two TIRADS systems should be encouraged in multicentre studies to increase their performance and establish paediatric-specific points in the scoring criteria.
Analysis of the marine resource environmental carrying capacity in Zhejiang Province based on the Pressure-Support and Destructiveness-Resilience and Degradation-Promotion (PS-DR-DP) model
Authors: Ying Chao , Yang Yunze , Liu Yongchao 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionLarge-scale and high-intensity marine resource exploitation activities have brought irreversible influences on the marine resource environment and ecosystem. As an important index to evaluate the state of marine development, the marine resource environmental carrying capacity (MRECC) is vital to the sustainable development of the sea areas.MethodsIn this study, an evaluation index system was established based on the PS-DR-DP (Pressure and Support-Destructiveness and Resilience- Degradation and Promotion) theoretical model. The MRECC in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2018 was evaluated through the categorical arrangement polygon representation. Moreover, the coordination degree of the MRECC system was analyzed by using the coupling harmonious degree model.Results and DiscussionResults demonstrated the following from 2004 to 2018: 1) The MRECC level in Zhejiang Province increased firstly, then decreased slightly, and finally presented a slow increasing trend. 2) The mean contributions of the acting forces in the MRECC system in Zhejiang Province fluctuate between 0.64 and 0.68. It was in the high-speed unsteady growth and tended to be the ideal carrying state. The positive force tends to increase, while the negative force is generally stable or only slightly increased except for the degradation force. 3) The coupling degree and degree of coupling coordination of the acting force subsystems in the marine resource environmental system in Zhejiang Province presented a rising trend. The coupling degree ranged between 0.50 and 0.80 except for those in 2004, 2006, and 2007. The acting force subsystems in the marine resource environmental system in Zhejiang Province were generally running-in during the study period. The coupling degree type changed from mild imbalance to moderate coordination.
Depth-related patterns and regional diversity of free-living nematodes in the deep-sea Southwestern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Armenteros Maickel , Quintanar-Retama Octavio , Gracia Adolfo 
Published: November 2022

Diversity of free-living marine nematode assemblages in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico (SW GoM) is scarcely studied. Here, we aimed (1) to analyze the influence of a water depth gradient on the species richness, feeding type and taxonomic composition of assemblages; and (2) to document the regional diversity of free-living nematodes in the SW GoM. We sampled 63 sites along a water depth gradient from 186 to 3774 m during four oceanographic cruises. We found clear variations along the depth gradient of bottom water (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) and sediment variables (grain size and organic content). We identified 1881 nematodes belonging to 108 genera, 33 families, ten orders, and two classes. The abundance and species richness decreased with water depth. However, the expected number of species for a same level of abundance did not change along the depth gradient likely because the scarcity of food was compensated by reduced environmental stress (e.g., higher oxygen content and physical stability). Microbial sucker was the most abundant feeding type indicating the important role of sediment bacteria in the nematode’s diet. Species composition varied along the depth gradient with dominance in the upper slope sites of species of Comesomatidae tolerant to reduced sediments (e.g., Dorylaimopsis sp., Sabatieria spp., and Setosabatieria hilarula). Many congeneric species typical of deep sea were restricted to the deepest sites such as Acantholaimus spp., Ledovitia spp., Desmoscolex spp., and Halalaimus spp. The nematode regional diversity of SW GoM was 154 species, but the Chao 1 estimator indicated a richness of about 194 species and a highest limit of 246 species. The accumulation curves of richness were non-asymptotic suggesting a substantial fraction of undiscovered richness. Our study increased the free-living nematode fauna of GoM in 144 species (76%) respect to Hope’s list (2009). The large diversity of nematodes stands out the necessity of further studies to unravel the environmental drivers of α- and β-diversities and highlights the potential of this taxon for monitoring the deep sea of the Gulf of Mexico.
Gut microbiota alterations may increase the risk of prescription opioid use, but not vice versa: A two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lin Liling , Lin Jianwei , Qiu Junxiong , Wei Feng , Bai Xiaohui , Ma Weiying , Zeng Jingxian , Lin Daowei 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionGut microbiota alterations are strongly associated with prescription opioid use (POU) and multisite chronic pain (MCP). However, whether or not these associations are causal remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to explore the causal relationships between them comprehensively.MethodsA two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization was conducted to assess the potential associations between gut microbiota and POU/MCP using summary level Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) that were based on predominantly European ancestry.ResultsPotential causal effects were identified between seven host genetic-driven traits of gut microbiota on POU, including Adlercreutzia, Allisonella, Dialister, Anaerofilum, Anaerostipes, ChristensenellaceaeR.7group, and LachnospiraceaeNC2004group at the genus level (p &lt; 0.05) by the Inverse-variance weighted method, with significant causal effects of ChristensenellaceaeR.7group and Allisonella on POU (p &lt; 0.025). A total of five genetically greater abundance of gut microbiota traits were identified to be possibly related to the level of MCP (p &lt; 0.05), including genus ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003, family Clostridiaceae1, order Gastranaerophilales, order Actinomycetales, and family Actinomycetaceae. In the other direction, no clear evidence was found to support a significant causal relationship between POU and gut microbiota, as well as MCP and gut microbiota. In addition, evidence was also provided for the relationship between triacylglycerols and diacylglycerol elevation, and an increased risk of POU and MCP. No evidence was found across various sensitivity analyses, including reverse causality, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity.ConclusionThe findings from this study provide robust evidence that gut microbiota alterations may be a risk of POU/MCP, but not vice versa.
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy: Evidence from a meta-analysis based on observational studies
Authors: Ma Lirong , Zhang Zhuoran , Li Liyang , Zhang Lijie , Lin Zhijuan , Qin Hao 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common microbiological syndrome in women of childbearing age, causing numerous adverse health issues in pregnant women. Several observational studies have discussed the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of BV during pregnancy, but the results were inconclusive. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and BV risk in pregnant women.Materials and methodsWe searched four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from their inception to July 2022. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random effects models. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses to identify the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the method of exclusion, one study at a time. Publication bias was examined using Egger’s test and funnel plot.ResultsA total of 14 studies from 13 articles including 4,793 participants were eligible for this meta-analysis. The outcome showed that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of BV during pregnancy by 54% (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25–1.91; P &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analyses, positive associations were also found in studies that were: conducted in black women (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.98–2.48; P = 0.060), focused on the first trimester of pregnancy (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.35–3.64; P = 0.002), of high quality (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.26–7.41; P = 0.014), and adjusted for confounders (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06–1.55; P = 0.012). Sensitivity analysis reported that BV risk during pregnancy resulting from vitamin D deficiency increased by 157% (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.50–4.42; P = 0.001) when removing the first two high-weight studies. Publication bias was observed using Egger’s test (t = 3.43, P = 0.005) and a visual funnel plot.ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency is positively associated with the risk of BV during pregnancy. Further high-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D intake reduces the prevalence of BV in pregnant women.
Secondary preventing effect of lung cancer in non-high-risk population: A retrospective investigation of opportunistic screening with low-dose computed tomography in Wuhan
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Qiu Chun , Liu Shangkun , Wang Shaofang , Wang Danning , Xu Hui 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundGiven the mortality benefit of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on high-risk populations, the retrospective investigation intended to identify the benefits of LDCT on lung cancer screening among the general demographic cohorts.MethodsWe used an opportunistic screening with LDCT implemented during the pandemic in Wuhan to study the impact on subsequent thoracic surgeries, especially surgeries for lung cancer. Patients who received LDCT from October 1, 2019, to July 31, 2020, in three Triple-A accredited hospitals in Wuhan were included in the study. Relative week volumes of both surgeries before and after the chest LDCT screening were compared pairwise. The counts of surgeries for pulmonary nodules or masses, and corresponding pathological results among different gender and age groups were also compared.ResultThe relative weekly volumes of thoracic surgery were significantly greater than those of stomach surgery after the opportunistic screening with LDCT. They were 33% (95% CI, 0.20-0.46; p&lt;0. 001) higher than those of stomach surgery. For every 1,000 chest LDCT scans conducted in a given week, on average, 3.52(95% CI,0.56-6.49, p =0.03) thoracic surgeries were performed in the following week. After the implementation of opportunistic screening with LDCT, there was a higher percentage of young females with pulmonary nodule or mass (64.4% vs. 45.8%, p = 0.032). The fraction of lung cancer surgery in the treatment period was significantly greater than that in the control period (74.09% vs. 68.79%, p=0.007). There was a higher percentage of stage I lung cancer surgery in young and mid-age females than in the senior age group (64% vs. 53%, p= 0.05).InterpretationOpportunistic screening with LDCT can advance the early diagnosis window of lung cancer in non-high-risk populations, especially young women who are easy to be ignored.
Case Report: Everolimus reduced bone turnover markers but showed no clinical benefit in a patient with severe progressive osseous heteroplasia
Authors: Cebey-López M. , Currás-Tuala M. J. , Gómez-Rial J. , Rivero-Calle I. , Pardo-Seco J. , Mendez-Gallart R. , Pischedda S. , Gómez-Carballa A. , Barral-Arca R. , Justicia-Grande A. , Viz-Lasheras S. , Rodríguez-Tenreiro C. , Gómez R. , Salas A. , Martinón-Torres F. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundProgressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is an ultrarare genetic disorder characterized by an inactivating mutation in the GNAS gene that causes heterotopic ossification. Inhibition of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway has been proposed as a therapy for progressive bone fibrodysplasia and non-genetic forms of bone heteroplasia. Herein, we describe the impact of using Everolimus as a rescue therapy for an identical twin girl exhibiting an aggressive clinical phenotype of POH.MethodsClinical evaluation of the progression of the disease during Everolimus treatment was performed periodically. Cytokine markers involved in bone metabolism and protein markers related to bone activity were analyzed to explore bone turnover activity.ResultsThe patient received Everolimus therapy for 36 weeks. During treatment, no clinical improvement of the disease was perceived. Analysis of biochemical parameters, namely, β-CTX (r2 = −0.576, P-value = 0.016) and PNIP (r2 = −0.598, P-value = 0.011), indicated that bone turnover activity was significantly reduced. Additionally, bone metabolism-related biomarkers showed only a significant positive correlation with PTH levels.ConclusionsEverolimus treatment did not modify the clinical progression of the disease in an aggressive form of POH, although an impact on the protein markers studied was observed.