bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anal HPV Infection in MSM Living With HIV: Identifying the Target Groups to Prioritize for Immunization
Authors: Bruzzesi Elena , Galli Laura , Poli Andrea , Bossolasco Simona , Cernuschi Massimo , Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Tamburini Andrea Marco , Canetti Diana , Messina Emanuela , Gianotti Nicola , Raccagni Angelo Roberto , Castagna Antonella , Nozza Silvia 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Aims of this study are assessing prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in male who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV over a period of 5 years and determining risk factors for anal infection from high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes or included in vaccine Gardasil 9.

Setting:
Time–trend, monocentric study on MSM living with HIV who underwent HPV test at anal site from 2015 to 2019.

Methods:
Anal swabs were processed by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect HPV genotypes. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess linear trend in HPV prevalence over time and logistic regression models to estimate risk factors.

Results:
Of the 1352 MSM living with HIV, 168 (12%) were not infected by any HPV genotypes and only 6 were infected with a maximum of 6 genotypes; prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes or those included in the 9-valent vaccine remained stable over time. At multivariable analysis, the risk of carrying at least 1 genotype classified as HR or included in Gardasil 9 was associated with younger age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for younger than 30 years vs older than 45 years (95% confidence interval) 2.714 (1.484 to 4.961), P = 0.001, and 1.868 (1.141 to 3.060), P < 0.013, respectively] and a history of gonorrhea [aOR 2.118 (1.100 to 4.078), P = 0.025, and 1.785 (1.056 to 3.018), P = 0.031, respectively].

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that prevalence remained stable over time and that all MSM with HIV would benefit from Gardasil 9 immunization, particularly the youngest and those with a prior gonococcal infection.
Topical Wound Therapy Products With Ionic Silver
Authors: Crumley Carolyn 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this technologic analysis was to review use of ionic silver as a component of topical wound therapy products.

APPROACH:
Published literature from a variety of fields related to ionic silver and its use in topical wound therapy products was reviewed and a summary of common commercially available wound care products containing ionic silver was generated, along with general recommendations for use. Safety information from both manufacturer guidelines and the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database is summarized.

CONCLUSIONS:
Various formulations of ionic silver products are used for topical treatment of wounds. Antimicrobial activity varies according to the specific silver formulation and type of microorganisms in the wound bed. In vitro evidence suggests that some bacterial strains may be developing resistance to ionic silver. Improved knowledge of the benefits and safety precautions associated with topical silver preparations can guide its application to topical therapy for wound healing.
Efficacy of a Social Interaction Intervention in Early Postoperative Period to Improve Coping in Persons With an Ostomy
Authors: Martín-Muñoz Begoña , Montesinos-Gálvez Ana C. , Crespillo-Díaz Antonia Yolanda , Jódar-Sánchez Francisco 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a social interaction intervention delivered during the early postoperative time period on the coping process in persons with a new ostomy.

DESIGN:
Randomized controlled trial.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 52 persons who underwent surgical management of colorectal including a fecal ostomy; 27 were randomly allocated to the intervention group and 25 to the control group. One participant allocated to the control group died before data collection; thus, findings are based on data from 51 participants. The study setting is the Regional University Hospital of Malaga, located on the southern coast of Spain.

METHODS:
Ostomy visitors (persons living with an ostomy) were taught to listen to the experiences and the concerns of the participant and to serve as an example of an individual who has successfully learned to live with a fecal ostomy. The intervention was a visit with a person with a new ostomy during the early postoperative period. Control group participants were offered standard care that did not include the visit from a person with an ostomy. Outcome measures were taken from the Nursing Outcomes Classification taxonomy. The main outcome measure was coping; secondary outcome measures were health beliefs and acceptance of health status. Bivariate analyses were performed to evaluate differences between groups in terms of the primary and secondary outcomes. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictor variables of the primary outcome, and effect size calculations were used to differentiate statistical significance versus clinical relevance.

RESULTS:
There were no differences in demographic or pertinent characteristics of participants in the 2 groups. Participants who received the intervention achieved a higher mean coping process scores: 3.90 vs 3.19, P = .002 and Cohen d = 0.97. In addition, intervention group participants achieved a higher mean efficacy for the secondary outcomes: 3.78 versus 2.97 (P = .0004) and Cohen d = 1.11 for health beliefs, and 3.68 versus 2.83 (P = .0001) and Cohen d = 1.24 for acceptance of health status. Linear regression analysis indicated that the social interaction intervention (β= .799; P = .000) and undergoing urgent versus routine ostomy surgery (β=−.610; P = .005) were related to coping.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings indicate that a visit with a trained person living with an ostomy facilitated coping and improved health beliefs and acceptance of health status.
Empowering New Ostomy Patients Through a Novel Inpatient Group Education Class
Authors: Kato Irene , Siegmund Lee Anne 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:
A quality improvement project was undertaken that evaluated the results of a group inpatient ostomy education class designed to reinforce information provided by the WOC nurse. A secondary goal was to provide emotional support during the immediate postoperative period following ostomy surgery.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:
Participants were inpatients undergoing fecal ostomies (ileostomies, jejunostomies, or colostomies) and their families. This project took place in an inpatient colorectal unit at the project hospital in Northeast, Ohio.

APPROACH:
The Plan, Do, Check, Act process was used to guide the quality improvement. Using feedback from postoperative patients, a multidisciplinary team designed an inpatient group ostomy class with education targeting patient-identified needs. Educational content was created with feedback from postoperative patients. The 1-hour class was offered twice weekly and was facilitated by a dietician, a pharmacist, and an RN. Content included general postoperative discharge information, appliance self-care, nutrition guidelines, medications, and resources for support.

OUTCOMES:
From 2016 to 2019, more than 1500 patients and family members participated in the educational offerings. During this time, length of hospital stay for ostomy patients decreased from 7.299 to 5.938 days. Readmission rates for patients undergoing fecal ostomies declined from 12.9% to a postclass rate of 11.2%. Written/verbal feedback from class attendees, physicians, and nurses was positive.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:
Project outcomes validated the need for a structured, ongoing inpatient, postoperative, group education for ostomy patients during the immediate postoperative period. Next steps will be to resume the class as it was paused due to COVID-19 restrictions, to continue to revise content, and to implement supplementary materials such as DVDs and online resources.
An Evaluation of Barriers and Facilitators for a Pressure Injury Prevention Link Nurse Role
Authors: Moir Chris , Taylor Peta , Seaton Philippa , Snell Helen 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators for nurses in a pressure injury prevention (PIP) link nurse role.

DESIGN:
Mixed-methods study that used nominal group technique with focus groups, followed by online surveys.

SAMPLE AND SETTING:
The PIP link nurse project recruited 52 RNs; 32 completed the PIP educational program and participated in data collection. The sample was drawn from PIP link nurses, who were invited to participate in focus groups at the end of the project to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to their role. Focus groups were specific to work areas: aged care and community visiting, and hospital. Two were in an urban setting and one in a rural environment. Twenty-two PIP link nurses participated across 3 groups. To ensure comprehensive data from all involved in the project, online surveys were created using focus group priorities as the basis for questions to send to all PIP link nurses, their managers, and workplace colleagues.

METHODS:
Participants were invited to participate in focus groups to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to their role. These focus groups were organized around care settings: aged care, community visiting, and hospital. Using a nominal group technique focus group process, participants were asked to identify barriers and facilitators to their role. These were shared with the group until all answers were declared and understood. Voting on order of priority then took place, with majority voting leading to a prioritized list of facilitators and barriers for each group. Considering the similarities and differences across group priorities, researchers developed online surveys representing the main facilitators and barriers from the focus groups. Surveys were then distributed to all PIP link nurses, their managers, and colleagues. Survey data were collected and analyzed in REDCap and reported as percentages of agreement to the questions for each group of respondents.

RESULTS:
Focus group data indicated facilitating priorities included PIP link nurses' commitment to the role, the support they received from their managers and colleagues, and time release to complete the role. Barriers included lack of time—when other work pressures took priority, and PIP link nurses felt the focus on applying quality improvement theory was more challenging than they had anticipated. Surveys from all groups reiterated the importance of the support of the workplace team in facilitating the role, and the time pressures for the PIP link nurse were a barrier to the role.

CONCLUSION:
While the funding of such projects is advantageous, it should be carefully and generously considered how much time is required if the project is to succeed so that lack of time to complete the role does not become a barrier to successful completion.
Larval Therapy for Treatment of Chronic Wounds Colonized by Multi-resistant Pathogens in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Pérez-Acevedo Gemma , Bosch-Alcaraz Alejandro , Torra-Bou Joan Enric 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Chronic wounds are susceptible to colonization with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that may be resistant to antimicrobial dressings and systemic antibiotics. In January 2004, the US Food and Drugs Administration approved use of medicinal larvae for use in humans and animals for resistant organisms. Despite use in adults, there is a paucity of evidence evaluating its efficacy and safety in the pediatric population.

CASE:
T was a 5-year-old boy with several chronic wounds infected with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wounds were originally treated with chemical debridement, dressings containing ionic silver, negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), and antibiotics without success. Consequently, a multidisciplinary team implemented maggot debridement therapy (MDT).

CONCLUSIONS:
After MDT, one wound completely epithelialized and the other wounds achieved a reduction in size with 70% epithelization. Therapy also led to a reduction in wound odor, exudate, and pain. The other wounds were closed after additional management with dressing containing nanocrystalline silver and NPWT.
‘Voice needs teeth to have bite’! Expanding community-led multisectoral action-learning to address alcohol and drug abuse in rural South Africa
Authors: D’Ambruoso Lucia , Mabetha Denny , Twine Rhian , van der Merwe Maria , Hove Jennifer , Goosen Gerhard , Sigudla Jerry , Witter Sophie 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThere is limited operational understanding of multisectoral action in health inclusive of communities as active change agents. The objectives were to: (a) develop community-led action-learning, advancing multisectoral responses for local public health problems; and (b) derive transferrable learning. Participants representing communities, government departments and non-governmental organisations in a rural district in South Africa co-designed the process. Participants identified and problematised local health concerns, coproduced and collectively analysed data, developed and implemented local action, and reflected on and refined the process. Project data were analysed to understand how to expand community-led action across sectors. Community actors identified alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse as a major problem locally, and generated evidence depicting a self-sustaining problem, destructive of communities and disproportionately affecting children and young people. Community and government actors then developed action plans to rebuild community control over AOD harms. Implementation underscored community commitment, but also revealed organisational challenges and highlighted the importance of coordination with government reforms. While the action plan was only partially achieved, new relationships and collective capabilities were built, and the process was recommended for integration into district health planning and review. We created spaces engaging otherwise disconnected stakeholders to build dialogue, evidence, and action. Engagement needed time, space, and a sensitive, inclusive approach. Regular engagement helped develop collaborative mindsets. Credible, actionable information supported engagement. Collectively reflecting on and adapting the process supported aligning to local systems priorities and enabled uptake. The process made gains raising community ‘voice’ and initiating dialogue with the authorities, giving the voice ‘teeth’. Achieving ‘bite’, however, requires longer-term engagement, formal and sustained connections to the system. Sustaining in highly fluid contexts and connecting to higher levels are likely to be challenging. Regular learning spaces can support development of collaborative mindsets in organisational contexts aligning community voice with state capacity to respond.
Deep convolution neural network for screening carotid calcification in dental panoramic radiographs
Authors: Amitay Moshe , Barnett-Itzhaki Zohar , Sudri Shiran , Drori Chana , Wase Tamar , Abu-El-Naaj Imad , Rieck Merton , Avni Yossi , Pogozelich Gil , Weiss Ervin , Mosseri Morris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke, a leading global cause of death and disability, is caused by carotid arteries atherosclerosis. Such calcifications are classically detected by ultrasound screening. In recent years it was shown that these calcifications can also be inferred from routine panoramic dental radiographs. In this work, we focused on the panoramic dental radiographs taken from 500 patients, manually labelling each of the patients’ sides (each radiograph was treated as two sides), and which were used to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm to automatically detect carotid calcifications. The algorithm uses deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN), with transfer learning (TL) approaches followed by eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm (XGBoost) that achieved true labels for each corner, and reaches a sensitivity (recall) of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.93 for individual artery, and a recall of 0.88 and specificity of 0.86 for individual patients. Applying and integrating the algorithm we developed in healthcare units and dental clinics has the potential of reducing stroke events and their mortality and morbidity consequences.Author summaryStroke is a leading global cause of death and disability. One major cause of stroke is carotid artery calcification (CAC). Traditional approaches for CAC detection are doppler ultrasound screening and angiography computerized tomography (CT), medical procedures that require financial expenses, are time consuming and discomforting to the patient. Of note, angiography CT involves the injection of contrast material and exposure to x-ray ionizing irradiation. In recent years researchers have shown that CAC can also be detected when analyzing routine panoramic dental radiographs, a non-invasive, cheap and easily accessible procedure. This study takes us one step further, in developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms trained to detect such calcifications in panoramic dental radiographs. The models developed are based on deep learning convolutional neural networks, transfer learning, and XGBoost algorithm, that enable an accurate automated detection of carotid calcifications, with a recall of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.93. Statistical approaches for assessing predictions per individual (i.e.: predicting the risk of calcification in at least one artery), were developed showing a recall of 0.88 and specificity of 0.86. Applying and integrating this approach in healthcare units may significantly contribute to identifying at-risk patients.
Feasibility and analysis considerations of continuous community-based cough monitoring in low- and middle-income settings
Authors: Huddart Sophie , Asege Lucy , Dang Hai , Deredinger Brigitta , Golla Marissa , Lerisha Lovelina , Christopher Devasahayam J. , Jaganath Devan , Theron Grant , Nhung Nguyen Viet , Andama Alfred , Yu Charles , Denkinger Claudia M. , Nahid Payam , Cattamanchi Adithya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionCough is a hallmark symptom of multiple respiratory conditions. Technological advances have made it possible to monitor cough using smartphone applications continuously and objectively. However, these technologies have not yet been evaluated for their feasibility in real-world research conditions.MethodsWe conducted 14-day continuous cough monitoring of presumptive TB patients enrolled as outpatients in a multi-center prospective tuberculosis diagnostics trial in Uganda, South Africa, Vietnam, the Philippines and India. Participants were given a smartphone with the Hyfe Research application installed, a carrier sling, and training on how to use both the phone and the cough application. We evaluated how often and how long participants recorded, and when coughs were detected. We also compared multiple cough frequency metrics for their performance in detecting changes in cough frequency.ResultsOf 693 participants who consented to continuous cough monitoring for 14 days, 568 (82.0%) completed at least one recording session successfully. Among these 568 participants, 421 (74.1%) recorded on at least 10 of the 14 days in the recording period for a median of 23.9 hours per day. We detected coughs in a diurnal pattern with a median of 1 cough per hour detected between 6am and 2pm local time and a median of 0 coughs for all other hours. We found median coughs per hour to be the cough frequency metric most robust to outlier values while still detecting changes in cough frequency during the recording period. Implementation challenges include the visibility of cough monitoring devices, nighttime recording and concurrent charging of devices.ConclusionsContinuous cough monitoring using a smartphone application is feasible in low- and middle-income country settings.
Antigenic landscape analysis of individuals vaccinated with a universal influenza virus vaccine candidate reveals induction of cross-subtype immunity
Authors: Meade Philip , Strohmeier Shirin , Bermúdez-González Maria Carolina , García-Sastre Adolfo , Palese Peter , Simon Viviana , Krammer Florian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrent influenza virus vaccines have to be closely matched to circulating strains to provide good protection and antigenic drift and emerging pandemic influenza virus strains present a difficult challenge for them. Universal influenza virus vaccines, including chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA)-based constructs that target the conserved stalk domain of hemagglutinin, are in clinical development. Due to the conservation of the stalk domain, antibodies directed to it show broad binding profiles, usually within group 1 and group 2 influenza A or influenza B virus phylogenies. However, determining the binding breadth of these antibodies with commonly used immunological methods can be challenging. Here, we analyzed serum samples from a phase I clinical trial (CVIA057, NCT03300050) using an influenza virus protein microarray (IVPM). The IVPM technology allowed us to assess immune responses not only to a large number of group 1 hemagglutinins but also group 2 and influenza B hemagglutinins. In CVIA057, different vaccine modalities including a live attenuated influenza virus vaccine and inactivated influenza virus vaccines with or without adjuvant, all in the context of cHA constructs, were tested. We found that vaccination with adjuvanted, inactivated vaccines induced a very broad antibody response covering group 1 hemagglutinins, with limited induction of antibodies to group 2 hemagglutinins. Our data show that cHA constructs do indeed induce very broad immune responses and that the IVPM technology is a useful tool to measure this breadth that broadly protective or universal influenza virus vaccines aim to induce.ImportanceThe development of a universal influenza virus vaccine that protects against seasonal drifted, zoonotic or emerging pandemic influenza viruses would be an extremely useful public health tool. Here we test a technology designed to measure the breadth of antibody responses induced by this new class of vaccines.
The role of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and innovative analytical platforms for informing public health preparedness in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Harsha Pulleri Kandi , Pattabiraman Chitra , George Anson Kunjumon , J Madhusudhan , Mardikar Saumitra , Nazaar Mudasir , Adimoolam Srivathsan , A Divya Priya , Pitale Jayee , Nagarajan Mahesh , Sridharan Srikant , Kannan Yasodha , Janakiraman Anand , Veeramachaneni Vamsi , Hariharan Ramesh , Rao Vishal US , Shariff Mohammed , Chandra Thrilok , Sudhakar K. , Dev Randeep , Vasanthapuram Ravi , Chandru Vijay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance programme that integrates logistics, laboratory work, bioinformatics, analytics, and timely reporting was deployed through a public-private partnership in the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka in India. As a result, 12461 samples have been sequenced and reported to the Karnataka State public health officials as time-sensitive, decision support during the last one year and uploaded in global public databases in a timely manner. This programme has developed an analytics platform for studying SARS-CoV-2 sequences and their epidemiological context. Continuous sequencing effort enabled timely detection of emergence of Omicron variant in India and the subsequent spread of the same and its sub-lineages with more logistic growth (BA.10, BA.12 and BA.5) in Bengaluru. Our data also helped to provide timely information on variants to determine which of the Variants of Concern tracked globally, were observed in Bengaluru, ensuring targeted efforts and reducing unwarranted fear. This effort highlights the importance of, and the urgent need to, increase genomic surveillance to support the states with limited sequencing and bioinformatics capacity. We describe the development and deployment of this end-to-end solution for genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Bengaluru.