bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steering the structure and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction catalysts by potential pulses
Authors: Timoshenko Janis , Bergmann Arno , Rettenmaier Clara , Herzog Antonia , Arán-Ais Rosa M. , Jeon Hyo Sang , Haase Felix T. , Hejral Uta , Grosse Philipp , Kühl Stefanie , Davis Earl M. , Tian Jing , Magnussen Olaf , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConvoluted selectivity trends and a missing link between reaction product distribution and catalyst properties hinder practical applications of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for multicarbon product generation. Here we employ operando X-ray absorption and X-ray diffraction methods with subsecond time resolution to unveil the surprising complexity of catalysts exposed to dynamic reaction conditions. We show that by using a pulsed reaction protocol consisting of alternating working and oxidizing potential periods that dynamically perturb catalysts derived from Cu2O nanocubes, one can decouple the effect of the ensemble of coexisting copper species on the product distribution. In particular, an optimized dynamic balance between oxidized and reduced copper surface species achieved within a narrow range of cathodic and anodic pulse durations resulted in a twofold increase in ethanol production compared with static CO2RR conditions. This work thus prepares the ground for steering catalyst selectivity through dynamically controlled structural and chemical transformations.
Genome-wide association study of actinic keratosis identifies new susceptibility loci implicated in pigmentation and immune regulation pathways
Authors: Kim Yuhree , Yin Jie , Huang Hailiang , Jorgenson Eric , Choquet Hélène , Asgari Maryam M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous cutaneous neoplasm that arises on chronically sun-exposed skin. AK susceptibility has a moderate genetic component, and although a few susceptibility loci have been identified, including IRF4, TYR, and MC1R, additional loci have yet to be discovered. We conducted a genome-wide association study of AK in non-Hispanic white participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort (n = 63,110, discovery cohort), with validation in the Mass-General Brigham (MGB) Biobank cohort (n = 29,130). We identified eleven loci (P < 5 × 10−8), including seven novel loci, of which four novel loci were validated. In a meta-analysis (GERA + MGB), one additional novel locus, TRPS1, was identified. Genes within the identified loci are implicated in pigmentation (SLC45A2, IRF4, BNC2, TYR, DEF8, RALY, HERC2, and TRPS1), immune regulation (FOXP1 and HLA-DQA1), and cell signaling and tissue remodeling (MMP24) pathways. Our findings provide novel insight into the genetics and pathogenesis of AK susceptibility.
Molecular mechanisms of tumour budding and its association with microenvironment in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hatthakarnkul Phimmada , Quinn Jean A. , Ammar Aula , Lynch Gerard , Van Wyk Hester , McMillan Donald C. , Thuwajit Chanitra , Edwards Joanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Poor survival of CRC associated with the development of tumour metastasis led to the investigation of the potential biomarkers to predict outcomes in CRC patients. Tumour budding (TB) is a well-known independent prognostic marker for poor survival and disease metastasis. Therefore, it has been suggested that TB status is included in routine clinicopathological factors for risk assessment in CRC. In contrast with a vast majority of studies regarding the prognostic power of TB, there is no clear evidence pertaining to the underlying molecular mechanism driving this phenotype, or an understanding of TB relationship with the tumour microenvironment (TME). The aim of the present study is to present a comprehensive review of TB and tumour cell signalling pathways together with the cross-talk of immune cells that could drive TB formation in CRC.
Neuroligins in neurodevelopmental conditions: how mouse models ofde novomutations can help us link synaptic function to social behavior
Authors: Pohl Tobias T. , Hörnberg Hanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeurodevelopmental conditions (or neurodevelopmental disorders, NDDs) are highly heterogeneous with overlapping characteristics and shared genetic etiology. The large symptom variability and etiological heterogeneity have made it challenging to understand the biological mechanisms underpinning NDDs. To accommodate this individual variability, one approach is to move away from diagnostic criteria and focus on distinct dimensions with relevance to multiple NDDs. This domain approach is well suited to preclinical research, where genetically modified animal models can be used to link genetic variability to neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral traits. Genetic factors associated with NDDs can be grouped functionally into common biological pathways, with one prominent functional group being genes associated with the synapse. These include the neuroligins (Nlgns), a family of postsynaptic transmembrane proteins that are key modulators of synaptic function. Here, we review how research using Nlgn mouse models has provided insight into how synaptic proteins contribute to behavioral traits associated with NDDs. We focus on how mutations in different Nlgns affect social behaviors, as differences in social interaction and communication are a common feature of most NDDs. Importantly, mice carrying distinct mutations in Nlgns share some neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes with other synaptic gene mutations. Comparing the functional implications of mutations in multiple synaptic proteins is a first step towards identifying convergent neurobiological pathways in multiple brain regions and circuits.
Development of an online condition monitoring based system for the partial demagnetization fault diagnosis of SPM‐type BLDC motor
Authors: Usman Adil , Rajpurohit Bharat Singh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigates partial demagnetization faults arising from stator interturn faults in a surface‐mounted permanent‐magnet‐type brushless direct current motor. Because of rotor demagnetization, the fault severity increases significantly owing to an increase in the stator phase current and temperature. The effect of such a fault is reflected in machine parameters such as the motor back‐EMF and radial magnetic flux, which are used to analyse the characteristics of faults. A mathematical model of a machine under possible fault conditions is developed using the finite element method and advanced hybrid model approaches. Experimental investigations are conducted to validate the proposed methodology. Subsequently, the machine parameters used for fault diagnosis are employed to develop an online expert‐based system that can detect, classify and estimate the percent increase in the values of the parameters to determine the fault severity of the machine under fault conditions. It is discovered that the proposed approach is suitable for industrial and commercial applications in electric vehicles, where the machine's state‐of‐health estimation is crucial for avoiding major faults that may result in its failure.
Third Ventricle Craniopharyngioma Intraventricular Tumor: A Case Report and a Brief Literature Review
Authors: Ferreira Neto Otávio da Cunha , Braun Débora Mendes , Dias Artêmio José Araruna , Lemos Nilson Batista , Diniz Andrey Maia Silva , Lima Luís Felipe Gonçalves de , Alencar Neto Joaquim Fechine de , Cabral Bianca Domiciano Vieira Costa , Andrade Jonas Silva , Clemente Rafaelly Maia , Bem Junior Luiz Severo Bem , Almeida Nivaldo Sena , Azevedo Filho Hildo Rocha Cirne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCraniopharyngioma is a rare embryonic malformation, usually benign, of the sellar or parasellar regions. In this study, an uncommon case of third ventricle craniopharyngioma and a succinct review of its prevalence are presented. Even with low mortality rates, these injuries involve a high degree of endocrinological, visual, and neuropsychological morbidities, which have a huge impact on the patient's quality of life. Thus, surgical resection is the preferred therapy for tumors that compromise the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. However, due to the location of the craniopharyngioma, surgical management is accompanied by the risk of injury to important adjacent areas with postoperative repercussions. Therefore, the neurosurgeon's experience and the choice of the best surgical approach, are crucial for increasing prognosis.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed, Picolinamide-Aided γ-(sp2)-C–H Functionalization of Racemic and Enantiopure α-Methylbenzylamine and Phenylglycinol Scaffolds
Authors: Bisht Narendra , Singh Prabhakar , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report the Pd(II)-catalyzed, picolinamide DG-aided sp2 γ-C–H functionalization and expansion of the library of enantiopure α-methylbenzylamine and phenylglycinol scaffolds. We have shown the synthesis of a wide range of racemic and enantiopure ortho-C–H arylated, alkylated, brominated, and iodinated α-methylbenzylamine and phenylglycinol scaffolds. Various racemic and R and S (chiral) sp2 γ-C–H functionalized α-methylbenzylamine and phenylglycinol scaffolds were synthesized with good enantiopurities. Racemic and enantiopure α-methylbenzylamine and phenylglycinol derivatives are important building blocks in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Accordingly, this work contributes to the expansion of the libraries of α-methylbenzylamine and phenylglycinol motifs and substrate scope development through the Pd(II)-catalyzed bidentate directing group picolinamide-aided site-selective C–H activation and functionalization method.
Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in the Proximal Esophagus (Inlet Patch): Endoscopic Prevalence, Clinico-pathological Characteristics and Its Association with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Rathod Vivek , A. Anand , Ramesh Nithin Kaidabettu , Shaikh Mohamed Kani 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of the inlet patch (IP), its clinico-pathological features, and its association with Helicobacter pylori.
Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was performed on 1,889 patients referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy for various reasons, primarily for the evaluation of dyspepsia. All patients were enquired about the presence of symptoms and carefully examined for the presence of IP during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Biopsies were taken from the patients who had IP.
Statistical Analysis All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 software for Windows XP. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test and continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test and univariate analysis. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results Inlet patches were found in 34 of 1,889 patients (1.8%). H. pylori was identified in 23.52% of patients (8/34) with IP. Gastric H. pylori infection was positive in all (08/08) patients who had IP. Colonization of H. pylori was more common in antral type mucosa (6/8). H. pylori positivity in the IP correlated with globus sensation symptom in our study, 87.5% of patients with IP and H. pylori positive had globus sensation.
Conclusion The prevalence of IP seems to be underestimated. H. pylori colonization of the IP is common and it positively correlates with globus sensation and is closely related to the H. pylori density in the stomach. Though preneoplasia within IP is rare, which does not support the recommendation to regularly obtain biopsies for histopathology, it might be beneficial in a subset of patients with persistent globus sensation.
Changing entrepreneurial attitudes for mitigating the global pandemic’s social drama
Authors: Popkova Elena G. , Bogoviz Aleksei V. , Lobova Svetlana V. , Chililov Abdula M. , Sozinova Anastasia A. , Sergi Bruno S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates international experiences and perspectives on how entrepreneurs can improve management practices while minimizing the COVID-19 pandemic’s social drama. The paper probes how companies deal with the myriad challenges they face amid the unfolding pandemic and how these processes’ economic and cultural dimensions may exert an enduring effect. A novel dataset analyses how entrepreneurs manage the change of management processes in a sample of ten countries. Three economic impacts on entrepreneurs caused by the pandemic were observed: (1) a deficit as a result of social distancing reduced due to the growth of Internet retailing; (2) a deficit resulting from a fall in demand decreased due to innovations that mitigate this demand-side change; (3) a social crisis in the labour market due to social distance and relocating many employees to remote working practices. In countries with the most considerable number of cases of COVID-19, it is recommended that attitudes towards entrepreneurial risk be raised. In countries with the vastest number of fatal cases per 100,000 people, implications for change management in entrepreneurship are an increase in Internet retailing level, a reduction in entrepreneurial fear of failure, and an increase in entrepreneurial risk awareness. Besides, an anonymous sociological survey among companies’ directors and managers in Russia on management initiatives taken on between late 2020–early 2021 shows that companies maintain a 60.21% readiness for such systemic challenges while their readiness for change increased under the influence of the pandemic. The contribution to the literature of this article lies in rethinking the COVID-19 crisis from the standpoint of social drama, which made it possible to clarify the cause-and-effect relationships of change management in entrepreneurship. For the first time, the paper proposes systemic—socio-economic recommendations for improving the practice of change management against the background of such a social drama.
Disparities and intersectionality in social support networks: addressing social inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Du Xue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought social injustice and inequalities to the forefront of global public health. Members of marginalised communities, such as racial/ethnic and sexual minorities, and persons with disabilities, have been shown to be more vulnerable to certain consequences of the pandemic. Research suggests a protective role of social support in health and wellness promotion, yet little is known about the disparities in specific social support sources (i.e., family, friends, and a significant other) between marginalised populations and their counterparts. Also unclear is the role of intersections of these marginalised identities in social support structures affected by the pandemic. Hence, it is crucial to capture and characterise such differences and intersectionality in order to address social inequalities in a time of global crisis. To that end, we surveyed U.S. adults across 45 states to examine their social support from family, friends, and a significant other. Results revealed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic on social support among racial/ethnic and sexual minorities and persons with disabilities. Additionally, we found that White individuals with a marginalised identity received less social support than their White counterparts but received a similar level of social support when compared with racial/ethnic minorities without additional marginalised identities. This article seeks to elucidate the social support disparities associated with disproportionately increased social isolation for marginalised populations due to socioeconomic disadvantages. Specific recommendations are provided for addressing issues around social disparities and inequalities. With the experience and awareness attained working with marginalised populations, mental health professionals, public health officials, and community stakeholders should be poised to attend to social capital inequalities for diversity, equity, and inclusion now and in the post-pandemic era.
Barely fluorescent molecules. I. Twin-discharge jet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of HSnCl and DSnCl
Authors: Rothschopf Gretchen , Smith Tony C. , Clouthier Dennis J. 
Published: April 2022

The divalent tin transient molecules HSnCl and DSnCl have been detected for the first time by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. HSnCl/DSnCl were produced in a twin-discharge jet using separate precursor streams of SnH4/SnD4 and the discharge products from HCl/DCl, both diluted in high pressure argon. The Ã1A″–X̃1A′ spectrum of HSnCl consists of a single vibronic 000 band with a very short fluorescence lifetime (∼30 ns). In contrast, the LIF spectrum of DSnCl exhibits three bands (000,201,and202), whose fluorescence lifetimes decrease from 393 ns (00) to less than 10 ns (22). Single vibronic level emission spectra have been recorded, providing information on all three vibrational modes in the ground state. Previous detailed ab initio studies indicate that these molecules dissociate into SnCl + H on the excited state potential surface and this is the cause of the short fluorescence lifetimes and breaking off of the fluorescence. It is fortunate that the HSnCl excited state zero-point level is still fluorescent or it would not be detectable by LIF spectroscopy.
Gradual domestication of root traits in the earliest maize from Tehuacán
Authors: Lopez-Valdivia Ivan , Perkins Alden C. , Schneider Hannah M. , Vallebueno-Estrada Miguel , Burridge James D. , González-Orozco Eduardo , Montufar Aurora , Montiel Rafael , Lynch Jonathan P. , Vielle-Calzada Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Despite their importance in supplying nutrients, root traits related to maize domestication are scarce. We used laser ablation tomography to characterize the root architecture and anatomy of 5,300-y-old maize specimens recovered from San Marcos (Tehuacán, Mexico), revealing exquisite preservation of their cellular organization. Outer cortical cells contained thick and lignified walls typical of extant maize adapted to hard soils. By contrast, the absence of seminal roots is only found in the maize ancestor, teosinte. Two genes important for seminal root development had mutations that could relate to their absence. Our results indicate that some traits related to drought adaptation were not fully present in the earliest maize from Tehuacán, providing clues to conditions prevailing during early maize cultivation.
Environmental inequality in the neighborhood networks of urban mobility in US cities
Authors: Brazil Noli 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Exposure to air pollution within one’s residential neighborhood has detrimental consequences on health and well-being. Yet, this effect may be mitigated or exacerbated because individuals spend much of their time outside of their residential neighborhood to travel to neighborhoods across a city for work, errands, and leisure. Using mobile phone data to track neighborhood mobility in large US cities, I find that residents from minority and poor neighborhoods travel to neighborhoods that have greater air pollution levels than the neighborhoods that residents from White and nonpoor neighborhoods visit. These results reveal that minority and poor residents face environmental inequalities at three geographic scales: the neighborhoods they live in, their bordering neighborhoods, and the neighborhoods they visit.
Nanoscale engineering of gold particles in 18th century Böttger lusters and glazes
Authors: Chari Celia S. , Taylor Zane W. , Bezur Anikó , Xie Sujing , Faber Katherine T. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The exploration of gold-based colorants in glass and glazes led Nobel Laureate Richard Zsigmondy to the study of colloids, and to the development, with Henry Siedentopf, of the earliest microscopes capable of resolving such small length scales. Zsigmondy’s studies were preceded by alchemical investigations starting in the 17th century that yielded the gold-based Purple of Cassius, and experiments in the early 18th century resulting in an unusual purple iridescent porcelain overglaze, called Böttger luster, at the Meissen Manufactory. We discuss the first nano-scale characterization of Böttger luster, its successful replication, and propose an explanation for its optical properties based on the physics of scattering and interference of nanoparticle arrays.
Spin-state transition of Co ion (S
= 2 →
S
= 5/2) in hole substituted 1D chain of Ca3Co2O6
Authors: Bisht Gajendra Singh , Pal D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We have discovered spin-state transition (S = 2 to S = 5/2) of Co ions due to Mg substitution in the Ca3Co2O6 apparent in the magnetic susceptibility, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and first-principles study. We also examine the effect of Mg substitution on the magnetic and electronic structure of Ca3Co2O6 by first-principles calculations. It involves generalized gradient approximation with Coulomb interaction (U) in exchange–correlation energy functional. Our study shows a reasonable agreement between effective magnetic moment (μ
eff) determined from the Curie–Weiss fit with that from the XPS analysis and first-principles calculations study. We have attributed the decrease in positive intra-chain exchange interaction constant (J
1/k
B) to the antiferromagnetically coupled induced Co4+ ions (S = 5/2) arising from the Mg2+ ions substitution. The in-field metamagnetic transitions in the isothermal M(H) curves below the critical field (H
c) have been accurately mapped and successfully explained by the change in magnetic entropy (ΔS) calculations and Arrott plots. Electronic structure study reveals hole-type doping of Mg atom, and the Fermi level (E
F) shifts below. Density of state and band structure calculation indicates strong hybridization between partial states of Co-3d and O-2p orbitals for the Mg-doped compound due to which the band crossing at Fermi level is observed, and a hole-type Fermi surface is formed.
A ridge estimation-sequence quadratic programming constraint optimization algorithm for data processing in multi-spectral thermometry
Authors: Zhang Yucun , Zou Zhou , Yan Fang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multi-spectral thermometry plays an important role in the field of high temperature measurement. The data processing is the focus of multi-spectral thermometry, which usually requires an hypothetical emissivity model. The deviation between the hypothetical model and the true emissivity can inevitably affect the accuracy of the true temperature inversion. In order to eliminate the influence of hypothetical model on data processing results, a ridge estimation-sequence quadratic programming constraint optimization algorithm for data processing in multi-spectral thermometry is proposed. The algorithm can simultaneously calculate the true temperature and spectral emissivity of the target without hypothetical emissivity model in advance. The efficiency and superiority of proposed algorithm can be confirmed by the simulation results.