bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and treatment of patients with eating disorders: Data of a german health insurance
Authors: Herrmann K. , Kaluscha R. , Liebert A. , Wietersheim J. Von 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFew studies have examined the course of eating disorders and the respective treatments based on insurance data, even though they provide representative information.ObjectivesTo assess the epidemiology, treatments, duration of illness, costs of treatment in a data set of a public health insurance.MethodsData provided by a German health insurance (data from 4.2 million members from 2005-2010). A matched control group based on age and gender without an eating disorder diagnosis was used for comparisons.Results2.734 cases with the diagnoses of an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa AN, bulimia nervosa BN or combination ANBN) were identified. More than 92% of the patients were female. The relative risk for personality disorders, depressive disorders, alcohol abuse and obsessive-compulsive disorders was highly increased. Most of the patients with BN (53.04%) or AN (41.57%) were treated in out-patient care, and many were only treated for three months, whereas most of the patients with ANBN were treated for a longer time. 3-19% with BN, AN or ANBN were treated only in in-patient care. The in-patient costs of treatment for the year of the diagnosis were 5471.15€ for BN, 9080.26€ for AN, 10809.16€ for ANBN and 339.37€ for the control group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that patients with ANBN diagnosis have a severe and longer course of treatment. Furthermore, contrary to national guidelines for eating disorders, there is a considerable proportion of patients with BN or AN that are treated only in in-patient care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cortisol, anxiety and cognitive responses to trier social stress test: The first multiple levels assessment of the rdoc “system for social process” in eating disorders
Authors: Ruzzi V. , Cascino G. , Raia M. , Sollo V. , Monteleone A.M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSocial dysfunction is a putative risk and maintaining factor for Eating Disorders (EDs).ObjectivesWe aimed to assess biological, emotional, and cognitive responses to a psychosocial stressor, in order to provide a multilevel investigation of the RDoC social process system in EDs.MethodsCortisol response to Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was measured in 105 subjects: 35 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), 32 with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 38 healthy women. In a subgroup of them (23 AN, 21 BN, and 25 control women) anxiety, hunger, and desire to eat throughout the TSST were also rated.ResultsCompared to healthy women, AN and BN women showed reduced cortisol reactivity that disappeared after controlling for trait anxiety and ineffectiveness. They also displayed increased anxiety response, while only people with AN reported greater decrease in hunger and desire to eat. Baseline ineffectiveness predicted post-stress body dissatisfaction through the mediation of post-stress anxiety while no significant correlations were found between cortisol and anxiety, hunger, or desire to eat responsesConclusionsPeople with EDs are characterized by blunted cortisol reactivity and greater anxiety, hunger, and desire to eat responses to a psychosocial stressor. We show a relationship between socio-emotional distress and ED-related attitudes without an association between biological and emotional or cognitive changes. This study provides the first empirical and multilevel support to a deranged functioning of the RDoC “system for social process” in EDs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Peripheral endocannabinoids in eating disorders and obesity and its relationship with clinical and anthropometric variables
Authors: Baenas-Soto I. , Miranda-Olivos R. , Vos L. , Granero R. , Sánchez I. , Riesco N. , Pino-Gutiérrez A. Del , Codina E. , Fernández-Formoso J. A. , Vilarrasa N. , Virgili N. , Lopez-Urdiales R. , Pastor A. , De La Torrre R. , Jimenez-Murcia S. , Soriano-Mas C. , Fernandez-Aranda F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAnandamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) play a pivotal role in food intake and reward aspects of feeding. Aberrant functioning in the endocannabinoid system has been observed in patients with eating disorders (EDs). This dysfunction may influence the incentive processes stimulating behaviors towards food acquisition or the hedonic evaluation of ingested food.ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to compare fasting peripheral levels of AEA and 2-AG in ED patients, obese subjects (OB) and healthy controls (HCs), and to explore their association with clinical and anthropometric variables.MethodsThe sample included a total of 63 adult women. Peripheral blood samples were collected to investigate fasting levels of AEA and 2-AG in 31 ED patients: 22 Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and 9 Binge Eating Disorder (BED), compared to 21 OB and 11 HCs. Several clinical and anthropometric variables were also assessed.ResultsComparing groups, significant differences in AEA levels were found (p=0.001). Specifically, individuals with AN exhibited lower AEA than OB (p<0.001) and BED (p=0.007), while OB showed higher AEA than HCs (p=0.015). 2-AG was positively correlated with hostility dimension in EDs and negatively associated with impulsive traits in OB. AEA showed a direct association with body dissatisfaction in AN, contrary to OB. Finally, in AN, AEA negatively correlated with the body mass index, while 2-AG was positively associated with the fat mass.ConclusionsThese results suggest an interaction between biological and clinical factors defining a vulnerability pathway that could help fitting personalized therapeutic approaches in each condition.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Empathy and embodied self: Neural underpinnings of interpersonal relations
Authors: Gallese V. 
Published: February 2022

In spite of the historically consolidated psychopathological perspective, neuroscientific research applied to schizophrenia has so far almost entirely neglected the first-person experiential dimension of this syndrome, mainly focusing on higher-order cognitive functions such as executive function, working memory, theory of mind, and the like. An alternative view posits that schizophrenia is a self-disorder characterized by anomalous self-experience and awareness. This view may not only shed new light on the psychopathological features of psychosis but also inspire empirical research targeting the bodily and neurobiological changes underpinning this disorder. Recent empirical evidence on the neurobiological basis of a minimal notion of the self, the bodily self, will be presented. The relationship between the body, its motor potentialities and the notion of minimal self will be illustrated. I will posit that this approach can shed new light on the self-disturbances and social deficits characterizing schizophrenia. I will propose that cognitive neuroscience can today address classic topics of psychopathology by adding a new level of description, finally enabling the correlation between the first-person experiential aspects of psychiatric diseases and their neurobiological roots. To this purpose, I’ll describe putative neural mechanisms underpinning the blurring of self-other distinction in schizophrenic patients. I will posit that brain function anomalies of multisensory integration, differential processing of self- and other-related bodily information, mediating self-experience, might be at the basis of the imbalance in the pre-reflective relationship of the embodied self to the social world observed in schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Home treatment for adolescents with eating disorders as an add-on to family based therapy
Authors: Flütsch N. , Pauli D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFamily-based therapy (FBT) has been proven effective in treating eating disorders among children and adolescents. However, many families have difficulties implementing the measures recommended in outpatient therapy.ObjectivesThis study examines the effectiveness of add-on home treatment (HT) to family based therapy (FBT) in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). The HT intervention is delivered by specialized nurses and aims at supporting patients and parents to re-establish family meals in the home environment.MethodsWe performed an case-control study in AN patients comparing 44 (42 female, 2 male) adolescents receiving FBT augmented with HT compared to 22 (22 female, 1 male) participants receiving FBT alone. Eating disorder diagnosis, psychopathology and severity of clinical symptoms were assessed using (EDE, EDI-2) and clinical parameters (BMI, menstrual status, level of over-exercising) at baseline and after 3-months.ResultsAfter 3 months both treatment groups showed a significant early weight gain, a reduction in the rate of AN diagnoses assessed with the EDE interview and a reduction in EDI-2 total scores. The combined HT/FBT group showed a significantly greater increase in BMI than the FBT-only group. In the combined HT/FBT group none of the patients had to be admitted to hospital while 13.6% of the FBT-only group had to be referred to inpatient treatment. Treatment satisfaction in the combined HT/FBT group was high in both patients and parents.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HT augmented FBT is superior compared to FBT alone in terms of early weight gain and might reduce the risk of hospital admission in adolescent AN.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The relationship between perfectionism, generalized problematic internet use and bulimic behaviours
Authors: Pereira M. , Pereira A.T. , Araujo A. , Soares M.J. , Sobral J. , Mota D. , Maia B. , Macedo A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPerfectionism is a consistent risk factor for various psychopathological conditions, including psychological distress and eating disorders. Recently, we have shown, for the first time, that there is a relationship between perfectionism and generalized problematic internet use/GPIU (Sobral et al. 2020). Specifically, we found that the role of perfectionism in psychological disorder is partially mediated by GPIU. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the widespread use of digital media can lead to negative body image perception and abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors.ObjectivesTo explore, for the first time, the relationship between perfectionism, GPIU and disordered eating behavior.Methods475 university students (78.9% girls; mean age 20.22±1.695) answered the Portuguese validated versions of: Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, GPIU Scale and Eating Attitudes Test-25. SPSS and Hayes’ Process Macro (2020) were used.ResultsBulimic Behaviours/BB significantly and moderately correlated with Perfectionist efforts (r=.263), Perfectionist concerns (r=.284) and GPIU (r=.25) (all p<.001). The mediation analyses revealed that GPIU is a partial mediator of the relationship between both perfectionism dimensions and BB.ConclusionsThe evidence that both negative and “positive” perfectionism dimensions are associated to eating pathology is in line with our previous research. The present study adds, for the first time, that one of the perfectionism pathways of influence on BB operates through UGPI. Assessment and intervention to diminish eating psychopathology should focus on perfectionism and compulsive traits which could be involved in both ED and GPIU and in their comorbidity.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Constructing socioeconomic index (SEI) in predicting mental health in young adults
Authors: Wong C.S. , Tang W.C. , Chang W. , Hui C.L. , Chan S.K. , Lee E.H. , Chen E.Y. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSocioeconomic status (SES) are well known to be associated with mental health. Previous studies are often restricted by the use of individual SES indicators, while contextual measures aggregating multiple dimensions would present a better picture of SES in multivariate context.ObjectivesThe present study aims to construct the socioeconomic index (SEI) by integrating significant socioeconomic factors in predicting mental health of young adults in Hong Kong.MethodsData were drawn from the Hong Kong Youth Epidemiological Study of Mental Health (HKYES), a population-based psychiatric study of young people in Hong Kong. The present study exacted data of 1,164 participants who had completed baseline interviews between April 2019 to August 2020. Socioeconomic characteristics including age, gender, education years, income, expenditure, home ownership, housing type, household crowdedness and parental occupation were collected. Data were checked for the assumptions for normality, linearity and homoscedasticity before the standardized SEI were derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Logistic regression analyses were performed to further examine the association between SEI and mental health outcomes.ResultsOur results identified five significant socioeconomic factors (education years, personal income, home ownership, housing type and household crowdedness) which together explained 67.7% of the total variation. SEI was associated with depression (OR=0.671, p=.003) and anxiety (OR=0.667, p=.015) after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionsThe PCA-generated SEI took account of the multiple dimensions of SES in younger adults including education, income, expenditure and housing. The indices would provide meaningful contextual information of SES across geographical areas or different groups of interest.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prejudice against and desired social distance from refugees, people with mental illness and patients with COVID-19 in athens
Authors: Peppou L.E. , Bechraki A. , Petraki G. , Marouga M. , Mareta D. , Kontoangelos K. , Economou M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStigma is omnipresent in human societies, both globally and historically; while it is also discerned in other primates. On these grounds, it has been suggested to be the product of natural selection and therefore to protect against threats to effective group functioning. Nonetheless, in contemporary society, stigma raises fundamental ethical concerns, while it actually impinges on public healthObjectivesTo explore prejudicial attitudes and desired social distance from recovered COVID-19 patients, people with mental illness and refugees in Athens region.MethodsA convenience sample of 360 residents of Athens region participated in the study, after being recruited from social media. The questionnaire was distributed online and encompassed: i) the Prejudicial Attitudes Survey, (ii) the Social Distance scale, (iii) the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and information about respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and personal experience with the three population subgroups. The stigma measures were included three times, one for each out-group.ResultsRepeated ANOVA revealed that negative attitudes were predominantly expressed for refugees. On the contrary, positive attitudes were predominantly expressed for people with mental illness. Interestingly, desired social distance was greater from people with mental illness (mean = 32.37) compared to refugees (mean = 25.47) and recovered COVID-19 patients (mean = 24.17).ConclusionsStigma towards people with mental illness and refugees is still prevalent in Greece. Anti-stigma efforts should target prejudices in the case of refugees and social distance in the case of mental illness. To date, no stigma attached to COVID-19 has been discerned in the countryDisclosureNo significant relationships.
European study on the attitude of psychiatrists towards their patients
Authors: Ori D. , Szocsics P. , Molnar T. , Guevara K. , Bankovska-Motlova L. , Ivanovic I. , Carbone E.A. , Kotsis K. , Dashi E. , Ahmadova G. , Panayi A. , Kafali H. Yilmaz , Klinkby I.M. , Bruna K. , Vircik M. , Wallies M. , Kisand H. , Hargi A. , Mirkovic A. , Prelog P. Rus , Cabaços C. , Pereira A.T. , Boivin S. , Angyal V. , Grinko N. , Grech G. , Schuster F. , Valdivielso M. , Raaj S. , Maslak J. , Mörkl S. , Strumila R. , Nechepurenko N. , Kazakova O. , Kakar S. , Abdulhakim M. , Matheiken S. , Oanca V. , Salopek I. , Kalpak G. , Gyorffy Z. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMany people think that people with mental disorders might be dangerous or unpredictable. These patients face various sources of disadvantages and experience discrimination in job interviews, in education, and housing. Mental health-related stigma occurs not only within the public community, it is a growing issue among professionals as well. Our study is the first that investigates the stigmatising attitude of psychiatrists across Europe.ObjectivesWe designed a cross-sectional, observational, multi-centre, international study of 33 European countries to investigate the attitude towards patients among medical specialists and trainees in the field of general adult and child and adolescent psychiatry.MethodsAn internet-based, anonymous survey will measure the stigmatising attitude by using the local version of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers. Data gathering started in July this year and will continue until December 2020.ResultsThis study will be the first to describe the stigmatising attitude of psychiatric practitioners across Europe from their perspectives.ConclusionsThe study will contribute to knowledge of gaps in stigmatising attitude towards people with mental health problems and will provide with new directions in anti-stigma interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Modernized architecture may reduce coercion
Authors: Harpøth A. , Kennedy H. , Sørensen L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPrevention and treatment of aggression in psychiatric hospitals is achieved through appropriate medical treatment, professional skills, and optimized physical environment and architecture. Coercive measures are used as a last resort. In 2018 Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry moved from 19th-century asylum buildings to a newly built modern psychiatric hospital. Advances within psychiatric care have rendered the old psychiatric asylum hospitals inadequate for modern treatment of mental disorders.ObjectivesTo examine if relocating from a psychiatric hospital, dating from 19th century to a new, modern psychiatric hospital decreased the use of coercive measures.MethodsThis is a retrospective longitudinal study, with a follow-up from 2017 to 2019. We use two designs; 1) a pre-post analysis of the use of coercive measures at Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry before and after the relocation and 2) a case-control analysis of Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry and the other psychiatric hospitals in the Central Region. Data will be analyzed in STATA using an interrupted time-series analysis or similar method. Additionally case-mix and sensitivity analysis will be performed.ResultsPreliminary results show a 45% decrease in the total number of coercive measures and a 52% decrease in the use of mechanical restraint. The reduction that may reasonably be attributed to the relocation is still to be determined and will be presented at the congress.ConclusionsThe study may illuminate how future development and planning of psychiatric facilities might improve psychiatric treatment and increase the understanding of how structural changes might contribute the prevention of the use of coercive measures.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Movement, mood and cognition: Preliminary insight into the effects of electroconvulsive therapy in depression through a data-driven resting-state connectivity analysis
Authors: Belge J.-B. , Mulders P. , Oort J. Van , Diermen L. Van , Timary P. De , Constant E. , Sienaert P. , Schrijvers D. , Sabbe B. , Eijndhoven P. Van 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionECT is an effective treatment for depression. Beyond its therapeutic effect on mood it has a unique impact on psychomotor and cognitive symptoms.Its mechanism of action remains still unclear. To investigate this, we set out to study the brain’s response to ECT from a large-scale brain-network perspective.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in resting-state functional connectivity following ECT at the whole brain, between-network and within-network level, in patients with a depressive episode.MethodsResting-state FMRI data were collected from 17 patients with depression before and after an ECT course. Using a group independent component analysis approach, we focused on four networks that are known to be affected in depression: the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), cognitive executive network (CEN) and a subcortical network (SCN). Clinical measures including mood, cognition and psychomotor symptoms were assessed.ResultsECT increased connectivity of the left CEN with the left angular gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus. An increase in left CEN within network connectivity was observed. Both the right CEN and the SCN showed increased connectivity with the precuneus. Furthermore, the anterior DMN showed increased connectivity with the left amygdala. Finally, improvement of psychomotor retardation was positively correlated with an increase of within-posterior DMN connectivity.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that ECT induces a significant increase of connectivity at both the whole brain and within-network level. Furthermore, we provide first evidence on the association between an increase of within posterior DMN connectivity and an improvement of psychomotor retardation, a core symptom of depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The COVID-19 pandemic: Is it a turning point for E-health?
Authors: Möller H.-J. 
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 Pandemia is not a turning point for e-health It might seem meaningful that this e-health approach will also continue in mental health care after the Covid-19, given the obvious pragmatic advantages. But several issues could at least delimitate a future use of e-health technology in psychiatry/psychotherapy: Patient with severe depression and suicidality seem not to be the right target group Same with other serious mental disorders First contact patients (depending among others on their personality characteristics), often have problems to open themselves at phone or video contacts In Germany (and probably other European countries?) a relative high percentage of psychiatrists/psychotherapists are reluctant or at least ambivalent against video based interventions A quite high percentage of psychiatrists/psychotherapists in Germany believe that a relevant proportion of their patients might not accept this very technical approach of doctor-patient-interaction. Currently in Germany, probably also in some other European countries, complain that some legal and billing issues are not fully solved. Some of these problems could decrease in the future and insofar it is difficult to make a valid prediction of the place of e-health technology in psychiatry/psychotherapy. Beside this one point seems of great importance to me: the current e-health success, driven by the Covid-19 Pandemia, should not be the direction of more cost saving psychiatry/psychotherapy, generally neglecting the need for personal interaction between patients and therapists.DisclosureNo significant relationships.