bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate measurements of self‐diffusion coefficients with benchtop NMR using a QM model‐based approach
Authors: Steimers Ellen , Matviychuk Yevgen , Holland Daniel J. , Hasse Hans , von Harbou Erik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe measurement of self‐diffusion coefficients using pulsed‐field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well‐established method. Recently, benchtop NMR spectrometers with gradient coils have also been used, which greatly simplify these measurements. However, a disadvantage of benchtop NMR spectrometers is the lower resolution of the acquired NMR signals compared to high‐field NMR spectrometers, which requires sophisticated analysis methods. In this work, we use a recently developed quantum mechanical (QM) model‐based approach for the estimation of self‐diffusion coefficients from complex benchtop NMR data. With the knowledge of the species present in the mixture, signatures for each species are created and adjusted to the measured NMR signal. With this model‐based approach, the self‐diffusion coefficients of all species in the mixtures were estimated with a discrepancy of less than 2 % compared to self‐diffusion coefficients estimated from high‐field NMR data sets of the same mixtures. These results suggest benchtop NMR is a reliable tool for quantitative analysis of self‐diffusion coefficients, even in complex mixtures.
A joint linear reconstruction for multishot diffusion weighted non‐Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill fast spin echo with full signal
Authors: Lee Philip K. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeDiffusion weighted Fast Spin Echo (DW‐FSE) is a promising approach for distortionless DW imaging that is robust to system imperfections such as eddy currents and off‐resonance. Due to non‐Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) magnetization, most DW‐FSE sequences discard a large fraction of the signal (), reducing signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) efficiency compared to DW‐EPI. The full FSE signal can be preserved by quadratically incrementing the transmit phase of the refocusing pulses, but this method of resolving non‐CPMG magnetization has only been applied to single‐shot DW‐FSE due to challenges associated with image reconstruction. We present a joint linear reconstruction for multishot quadratic phase increment data that addresses these challenges and corrects ghosting from both shot‐to‐shot phase and intrashot signal oscillations. Multishot imaging reduces T2 blur and joint reconstruction of shots improves g‐factor performance. A thorough analysis on the condition number of the proposed linear system is described.MethodsA joint multishot reconstruction is derived from the non‐CPMG signal model. Multishot quadratic phase increment DW‐FSE was tested in a standardized diffusion phantom and compared to single‐shot DW‐FSE and DW‐EPI in vivo in the brain, cervical spine, and prostate. The pseudo multiple replica technique was applied to generate g‐factor and SNR maps.ResultsThe proposed joint shot reconstruction eliminates ghosting from shot‐to‐shot phase and intrashot oscillations. g‐factor performance is improved compared to previously proposed reconstructions, permitting efficient multishot imaging. apparent diffusion coefficient estimates in phantom experiments and in vivo are comparable to those obtained with conventional methods.ConclusionMulti‐shot non‐CPMG DW‐FSE data with full signal can be jointly reconstructed using a linear model.
Tensor rank bounds and explicit QTT representations for the inverses of circulant matrices
Authors: Vysotsky Lev , Rakhuba Maxim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the inversion of circulant matrices and their quantized tensor‐train (QTT) structure. In particular, we show that the inverse of a complex circulant matrix , generated by the first column of the form admits a QTT representation with the QTT ranks bounded by . Under certain assumptions on the entries of , we also derive an explicit QTT representation of . The latter can be used, for instance, to overcome stability issues arising when numerically solving differential equations with periodic boundary conditions in the QTT format.
Paleodietary reconstruction of endemic rodents from the precolumbian Dominican Republic: Discriminating wild feeding behavior from diets linked to human niche construction activities
Authors: Shev Gene T. , Laffoon Jason E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the Greater Antilles, certain animal taxa that have long been theorized to have been managed by indigenous peoples prior to AD1492, the main candidates being a group of endemic caviomorph rodents known as hutias (Capromyinae). This isotopic study investigates the paleodiets of several species of endemic rodents from three late precolonial sites in the northern Dominican Republic: El Flaco (cal. ad 990–1452), El Carril (cal. ad 1030–1262), and La Entrada (cal. ad 840–900) to assess whether human influence over animal diets can be determined. We examined bone collagen carbon (δ13Cco) and nitrogen (δ15N) and tooth enamel carbon (δ13Cen) isotope values of three species of hutias, Isolobodon portoricensis, Isolobodon montanus, and Plagiodontia aedium, alongside edible rat (Brotomys sp.), and domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). To estimate dietary source contributions, we employed a Bayesian dietary mixing model (FRUITS v.3.0) and ran three different permutations to assess the relative contributions of C3 or C4/CAM plants. The addition of an extra 79 wild C3 and 40 wild C4/CAM plant species' isotope values from published sources to an established isotopic foodweb for the Caribbean region enabled us to discriminate between wild and domestic C3 and C4/CAM plant food sources in two of these models. Our results provide evidence of the significant consumption of domestic C4/CAM plants by some animals. This likely represents maize (Zea mays) consumption, which is known to have been ubiquitously cultivated by indigenous peoples in the region. This is particularly the case for I. portoricensis, as FRUITS modeling suggests that a few individuals consumed C4/CAM plants well beyond their expected natural diets as determined from feeding studies of extant hutia species. This may indicate human influence over endemic rodent diets due to niche construction activities such as horticultural practices and may reflect either opportunistic feeding on human produce or the purposeful supplementation of hutia diets by humans.
What are heritage values? Integrating natural and cultural heritage into environmental valuation
Authors: Azzopardi Elaine , Kenter Jasper O. , Young Juliette , Leakey Chris , O'Connor Seb , Martino Simone , Flannery Wesley , Sousa Lisa P. , Mylona Dimitra , Frangoudes Katia , Béguier Irène , Pafi Maria , da Silva Arturo Rey , Ainscough Jacob , Koutrakis Manos , da Silva Margarida Ferreira , Pita Cristina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

There are strong links between heritage and the environment yet, heritage is not fully included in existing ecosystem‐based frameworks. Different understandings of heritage values exist, and heritage values are not yet related to key value categories in environmental values research.

To address this gap and facilitate a common values‐based approach, we develop a novel framework that links heritage and environmental values. First, we expand the understanding of heritage values by linking heritage to key environmental value categories. We then use the Life Framework of Values to show how heritage features in the different ways in which people relate to the world.

The resulting heritage values framework is operationalised by applying it to six case examples drawn from participatory research on the governance of European coastal and maritime heritage.

We found that the environment was not only considered to be a setting for heritage but was itself valued as heritage in different ways; that heritage is not extrinsic to the environment but is also a way in which people see meaning in the environment; and that multiple value frames and types were involved in shaping this perspective. The results highlight important discrepancies between stakeholders' perspectives and existing management approaches.

Applying the framework shows the ways in which heritage and nature are entwined by providing a structure for elucidating what can be valued as heritage, what values can inform heritage values and how heritage values feature in human–nature relations.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Early thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications associated with a risk‐adjusted postoperative anticoagulation protocol after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Lemoine Caroline P. , Brandt Katherine A. , Mohammad Saeed , Bhat Rukhmi , Superina Riccardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic anticoagulation after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) is believed to reduce the incidence of vascular thrombosis, but it may also cause an increase in hemorrhagic complications.ProcedureA 5‐year retrospective review of pLT done at our institution was performed (2014–2018). The occurrence of early hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications was compared when using low‐dose or high‐dose anticoagulation after transplant (p < .05 considered significant).ResultsSixty‐nine patients received 73 transplants during the study period. Median age at transplant was 2.3 years (40 days to 18.5 years). Low‐dose anticoagulation was utilized in 71% cases. Additionally, six patients were converted from low‐dose to high‐dose anticoagulation because of a thrombotic event or concerns for suboptimal vascular inflow. Postoperative anticoagulation was discontinued in 18 occurrences due to bleeding (low dose 19%, high dose 47% vs. low dose to high dose 17%, p = .085). Surgical take back for bleeding occurred in 17 occasions (low dose 13.5%, high dose 53% vs. low dose to high dose 33%, p = .005). The overall incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and portal vein thrombosis were each 5.5%, respectively. While patient survival was not statistically different between groups, graft survival was significantly lower in the high‐dose group (low dose 93%, high dose 73% vs. low dose to high dose 100%, p = .046). However, graft losses from HAT were similar between groups (low dose 2%, high dose 7% vs. low dose to high dose 0%, p = .56).ConclusionThe use of a standardized risk‐adjusted anticoagulation protocol after pLT is associated with a low occurrence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. High‐dose anticoagulation leads to more bleeding, but those risks outweigh the risks of possible graft loss.
Study on compression characteristics of honeycomb sandwich structure with multistage carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Xue Debo , He Lei , Tan Shuai , Li Yuanshuai , Xue Peng , Yang Xianhai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComposite honeycomb sandwich structure shows the advantages of lightweight, high specific strength, and good energy absorption performance. It has been extensively applied to aviation, aerospace, rail transportation and other fields. In this study, a preparation method of multi‐layer honeycomb sandwich structure with the same bulk density is proposed. Various honeycomb sandwich structures with different layers were prepared and could effectively eliminate the effect of the change of bulk density on the mechanical properties of the experimental samples, which was proved by theory. The result of the experiment showed the variation law of transverse dimension of honeycomb sandwich structure. The results also suggest that with increasing the number of layers of the middle panel, both the compressive strength and the absorbed energy of the honeycomb sandwich structure increases. However, the transverse width of the honeycomb sandwich structure decreases under the restriction of the middle panel. When the strain was 0.409, the bearing capacity of two‐layer honeycomb and three‐layer honeycomb sandwich structure increased by 12.08% and 24.16%, respectively, the absorbed energy increased by 10.21% and 21.85%, respectively, and the transverse width decreased by 2.94% and 3.50%, respectively.
The effect of manufacturing methods on the interface debonding and flexural behavior of sandwich structures: Thermography approach and three‐point‐bending experiments
Authors: Taghavian Seyed Hossein , Ghasemi Ahmad Reza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the interface debonding area between face sheets and the foam cores of the sandwich panels were inspected using the thermography method for the five groups of the samples. These samples were manufactured with different processes divided into two main groups; one‐step manufacturing process and two‐step manufacturing process. All of the specimens were subjected to the three‐point bending test after thermography detection technology. The one‐step manufactured samples presented the highest flexural strength and minimum discontinuity. Integrated infusion process in comparison with other processes shows about 40% superiority in mechanical properties at least. The results showed that Indentation beneath the loading roller is the initial failure mode of the one‐step manufactured samples. In addition, the main failure mode of the two‐step manufactured samples is the core shear mode.
Enhancing low velocity impact characteristics of glass fiber laminates by short fiber reinforcement—Failure evolution and damage mechanisms
Authors: Singh Manoj K. , Kitey Rajesh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor enhancing impact characteristics, woven glass fiber epoxy laminates are reinforced with short fibers. The 6‐mm‐long slender fillers, when added up to 4% in the matrix, exhibit no influence on the flexural modulus, but at 2% they maximize the laminate's flexural strength. While the dissipation energy continues to increase up to 30 J of impact, the laminates' post‐impact load bearing capacity gets significantly affected beyond 20 J. The reinforced laminates exhibit better elastic response and enhanced damage resistance with as high as 50% reduction in the visible damage area as well as up to 35% increase in the damage initiation force. The degree of damage shows excellent correlation with the visible damage area. The distinct through thickness conical region, diverging from the impact site, is attributed to the presence of microcracks oriented along the fiber directions. The cone boundary, from where the interlaminar failure initiates, is largely the manifestation of transverse matrix cracks. While the damage cone with greater divergence indicates reduced impact resistance of the laminate, the orientation of transverse matrix cracks remains unaffected by the impact energy or the filler content. At low impact energies, the failure initiated from the fiber/matrix interfaces, coalesce to form the matrix cracks, which act as a precursor to the interlaminar failure. However, at high energy levels, several failure mechanisms simultaneously develop with no clear indication of the order of damage evolution. The short fibers enhance the laminate's impact resistance either by arresting the cracks or by developing tortuous crack path with high energy dissipation.
Polyethylene crosslinking using the epoxy‐anhydride reaction I: A strategy for a curing process with high thermal sensitivity
Authors: Lawry Kevin , Bernales Varinia , Cogen Jeffrey , Davies Daniel , Koh Kyoungmoo , Kramer John , Ren Dakai , Rickard Mark , Singh‐Rachford Tanya , Sun Yabin , Peterson Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe initiated epoxy‐anhydride reaction was examined as a crosslink motif for effecting cure in functionalized polyethylene for electrical cable insulation applications. A specific challenge for this application is that little to no crosslinking can occur during the processing steps (~140°C), but crosslinking must be rapid and complete within a few minutes during the curing process (~200°C). To achieve this, we coupled the kinetics of the formation of an initiator for the epoxy‐anhydride reaction to the crosslinking step to achieve a phenomenological temperature sensitivity or “latency” that would be difficult to access via a single simple reaction. Evaluations of different imidazolium and phosphonium salts as initiator precursors were conducted with model compounds in solution, and specific salts were chosen for polymer studies based on the ratio of the phenomenological rates measured for the model reaction at ~140°C and ~200°C. In polymer studies using epoxide‐functional poly(ethylene), high crosslinking rates were observed at ~200°C while crosslinking was minimal at ~140°C. However, inclusion of the anhydride‐functional polyethylene in the formulation led to loss of initiator latency, and significant crosslinking was observed at ~140°C. A reaction between the anhydride or an impurity and initiator precursor is postulated to produce a kinetically‐competent initiator at lower temperatures that destroys latency.
Anticoagulant rodenticide blood‐clotting dose‐responses and resistance factors for Tyrosine139Cysteine (Y139C) heterozygous‐ and homozygous‐resistant house mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Baxter Mhairi Alyson , Buckle Alan Peter , Endepols Stefan , Prescott Colin Vittorio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe house mouse (Mus musculus) is a globally distributed rodent pest species against which anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used for the protection of human and animal health and the conservation of threatened wildlife. Anticoagulant‐resistant house mice have been known for more than half a century. A house mouse strain was developed in the laboratory that was homozygous resistant for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Tyrosine139Cysteine (Y139C) and, subsequently, heterozygous resistant animals were produced from this strain by crossing with the homozygous susceptible strain.ResultsUsing blood clotting response tests, resistance factors at the ED50 level in the homozygous resistant strain for the first‐generation anticoagulants warfarin, chlorophacinone, diphacinone and coumatetralyl were in the range 31.5 to 628.0 for males (M) and 21.6 to 628.0 for females (F), thus indicating that Y139C house mice are substantially resistant to all these substances. Resistance factors at the ED50 level for the homozygous strain generated against the second‐generation compounds were: brodifacoum (M, 1.7; F, 1.9), bromadiolone (M, 16.6; F, 21.0), difenacoum (M, 1.2; F, 2.7), difethialone (M, 1.5; F, 1.5), and flocoumafen (M, 0.9; F, 1.2). Equivalent values for the heterozygous strain were: brodifacoum (M, 1.6; F, 1.4), bromadiolone (M, 5.6; F, 6.5), difenacoum (M, 1.0; F, 1.3), difethialone (M, 1.1; F, 1.1), flocoumafen (M, 0.9; F, 1.1).ConclusionY139C SNP homozygous resistant mice are more resistant to anticoagulants than heterozygous resistant animals. All first‐generation anticoagulants are highly resisted and, among the second‐generation compounds, Y139C mice are resistant to bromadiolone and sometimes to difenacoum. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The power of cross‐indication testing: agrochemicals originally stemming from a different indication
Authors: Lamberth Clemens 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCross‐indication testing is the assaying of final compounds, but also their intermediates or side products, from one agrochemical indication against target species of other product lines. This approach has proven to be a highly successful source of lead compounds, which led to several important crop protection products. This review article describes, which herbicides came from fungicides and insecticides, how fungicides have been obtained from herbicide and insecticide leads and which insecticides have their roots in herbicide and fungicide chemistry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of Qishen granules on isoproterenol‐induced chronic heart failure in rats evaluated by comprehensive metabolomics
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Xing Junpeng , Zheng Zhong , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui , Liu Shu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQishen granules (QSG), a Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in the treatment of myocardial ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF) for many years, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, comprehensive metabolomics was used to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of QSG in an isoproterenol‐induced CHF rat model. A total of 14 biomarkers were identified in serum and 34 biomarkers in urine, which were mainly related to fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and inflammation. Finally, 22 markers were selected for quantitative analysis of serum, urine, and fecal samples to verify the reliability of the results of untargeted metabolomics, and the results were similar to those of untargeted metabolomics. The correlation analysis showed that the targeted quantitative endogenous metabolites and CHF‐related indexes were closely related. QSG might alleviate myocardial inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism disorder in CHF by regulating the level of endogenous metabolites. This study revealed QSG could regulate potential biomarkers and correlated metabolic pathway, which provided support for the further application of QSG.
Assessment of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors in Chattogram city, Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abid Mohammad Tazrian , Banna Md. Hasan Al , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Seidu Abdul‐Aziz , Kundu Satyajit , Rezyona Humayra , Disu Tasnim Rahman , Akter Nargees , Khaleduzzaman Md , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Khan Md Shafiqul Islam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionStreet food has become popular in developing countries due to its affordability, availability and taste. Maintaining the quality and safety of street food is linked to the vendors’ appropriate food handling practices to reduce foodborne illness. Therefore, this study aimed to assess food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors in Chattogram city, Bangladesh.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out among 302 street food vendors from December 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected by in‐person interviews through a structured questionnaire. Independent sample t‐tests and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores across socio‐demographic variables.ResultsThe mean score of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices was 8.99 (SD = 4.17, range: 1–18), 8.46 (SD = 3.51, range: 1–16) and 17.78 (SD = 5.74, range: 1–34), respectively. The food safety knowledge scores significantly (p < 0.05) differed by the participants’ age, marital status, income, residence and work experience. The average food safety attitudes score significantly (p < 0.05) varied by age, marital status, income, and education level. The average food safety practices score significantly (p < 0.05) differed by the respondents’ education level and work experience.ConclusionOur findings suggest that food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices were poor among street food vendors. Therefore, there is a need for strategies and intervention programs such as food safety training and awareness campaigns as well as financial support to improve food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices which help to reduce foodborne illness.