bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failures to disagree are essential for environmental science to effectively influence policy development
Authors: Norberg Jon , Blenckner Thorsten , Cornell Sarah E. , Petchey Owen L. , Hillebrand Helmut 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile environmental science, and ecology in particular, is working to provide better understanding to base sustainable decisions on, the way scientific understanding is developed can at times be detrimental to this cause. Locked‐in debates are often unnecessarily polarised and can compromise any common goals of the opposing camps. The present paper is inspired by a resolved debate from an unrelated field of psychology where Nobel laureate David Kahneman and Garry Klein turned what seemed to be a locked‐in debate into a constructive process for their fields. The present paper is also motivated by previous discourses regarding the role of thresholds in natural systems for management and governance, but its scope of analysis targets the scientific process within complex social‐ecological systems in general. We identified four features of environmental science that appear to predispose for locked‐in debates: (1) The strongly context‐dependent behaviour of ecological systems. (2) The dominant role of single hypothesis testing. (3) The high prominence given to theory demonstration compared investigation. (4) The effect of urgent demands to inform and steer policy. This fertile ground is further cultivated by human psychological aspects as well as the structure of funding and publication systems.
Novel lissencephaly‐associated DCX variants in the C‐terminal DCX domain affect microtubule binding and dynamics
Authors: Lin Jun‐Ru , Cheng Ju‐Fang , Liu Yo‐Tsen , Hsu Ting‐Rong , Lin Kao‐Min , Chen Chien , Lin Chia‐Ling , Tsai Meng‐Han , Tsai Jin‐Wu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivePathogenic variants in DCX on the X chromosome lead to lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), brain malformations caused by neuronal migration defects. Its product doublecortin (DCX) binds to microtubules to modulate microtubule polymerization. How pathogenic DCX variants affect these activities remains not fully investigated.MethodsDCX variants were identified using whole exome and Sanger sequencing from six families with lissencephaly/SBH. We examined how these variants affect DCX functions using microtubule binding, regrowth, and colocalization assays.ResultsWe found novel DCX variants p.Val177AlafsTer31 and p.Gly188Trp, as well as reported variants p.Arg196His, p.Lys202Met, and p.Thr203Ala. Incidentally, all of the missense variants were clustered on the C‐terminal DCX domain. The microtubule binding ability was significantly decreased in p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Gly188Trp, p.Lys202Met, and previously reported p.Asp262Gly variants. Furthermore, expression of p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Gly188Trp, p.Arg196His, p.Lys202Met, and p.Asp262Gly variants hindered microtubule growth in cells. There were also decreases in the colocalization of p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Thr203Ala, and p.Asp262Gly variants to microtubules.SignificanceOur results indicate that these variants in the C‐terminal DCX domain altered microtubule binding and dynamics, which may underlie neuronal migration defects during brain development.
Strong Women and Ambivalent Success: The Gendered Dynamics of China's Psy‐Boom
Authors: Bram Barclay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn China, there is a “psy‐boom,” which is understood as the rapid increase in the provision of psychological services and interest in psychological concepts since the initiation of market reforms. This is a heavily gendered phenomenon. This paper seeks to explore why women are drawn into the psy‐boom and what sustains their participation in it. Following a year of fieldwork engaging in various forms of psychotherapy training in the city of Chengdu, the provincial capital of Sichuan province, China, the paper looks in detail at three women who engage in the psy‐boom. The psy‐boom creates a space for these women to try to articulate complex and often competing desires thrown up by the gendered circumstances in which they find themselves. The paper shows how each of these three women draws on their various engagements with the psy‐boom to try to formulate and actualize their visions of the good life.
Cytokine induced 3‐D organotypic psoriasis skin model demonstrates distinct roles for NF‐κB and JAK pathways in disease pathophysiology
Authors: Todorović Viktor , McDonald Heath A. , Hoover Paul , Wetter Joseph B. , Marinopoulos Anastasia E. , Woody Clarissa L. , Miller Loan , Finkielsztein Ariel , Dunstan Robert W. , Paller Amy S. , Honore Prisca , Getsios Spiro , Scott Victoria E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPsoriasis vulgaris is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 2%–3% of the population worldwide. One of the major challenges in discovering novel therapies is the poor translatability of animal models to human disease. Therefore, it is imperative to develop human preclinical models of psoriasis that are amenable to pharmacological intervention. Here, we report a 3‐D reconstituted human epidermis (RHE) culture system treated with cytokines commonly associated with psoriasis (TNFα, IL‐17A and IL‐22) that reproduced some key features of the human disease. The effects on epidermal morphology, gene transcription and cytokine production, which are dysregulated in psoriasis were assessed. Certain morphological features of psoriatic epidermis were evident in cytokine‐stimulated RHEs, including hypogranulosis and parakeratosis. In addition, RHEs responded to a cytokine mix in a dose‐dependent manner by expressing genes and proteins associated with impaired keratinocyte differentiation (keratin 10/K10, loricrin), innate immune responses (S100A7, DEFB4, elafin) and inflammation (IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12/23p40, IL‐36γ, GM‐CSF and IFNγ) typical of psoriasis. These disease‐relevant changes in morphology, gene transcription and cytokine production were robustly attenuated by pharmacologically blocking TNFα/IL‐17A‐induced NF‐κB activation with IKK‐2 inhibitor IV. Conversely, inhibition of IL‐22‐induced JAK1 signalling with ABT‐317 strongly attenuated morphological features of the disease but had no effect on NFκB‐dependent cytokine production, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action by the cytokines driving psoriasis. These data support the use of cytokine‐induced RHE models for identifying and targeting keratinocyte signalling pathways important for disease progression and may provide translational insights into novel keratinocyte mechanisms for novel psoriasis therapies.
The beginning of the end: A revised inventory of divorce initiation
Authors: Parker Michele L. , Diamond Rachel M. , Ledermann Thomas , Tambling Rachel R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to determine the psychometric properties of an extended inventory that assesses the multiple facets of divorce initiation drawn from the existing research, the Revised Divorce Initiation Inventory (DII‐R).BackgroundPrevious research indicates the role of each partner in the initiation of divorce has relevant implications for emotional and psychological well‐being after the divorce. Much of this research was conducted with a single‐item, categorical assessment of initiator status (e.g., who initiated the divorce?). However, recent studies highlight the complexity of divorce initiation as a multidimensional concept.MethodA confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a sample of 408 divorced individuals. Analyses to explore measurement invariance between men and women and construct validity were also conducted.ResultsFindings indicated a four‐factor model (i.e., Legal, Separation, Desire, Responsibility) of 12 items was a good fit to the data. Factor loadings and intercepts were equal across groups.ConclusionDivorce initiation is a multifaceted construct that includes dimensions related to separation, legal, desire, and responsibility that should not be measured with a single‐item assessment.ImplicationsThe DII‐R supports the comprehensive synthesis of ongoing divorce initiation research that may be used to inform clinical practice to intervene in specific areas shown to affect the decision to divorce.
Negative returns on addition to the S&P 500 index and positive returns on deletion? New evidence on the attractiveness of S&P 500 versus S&P 400 indexes
Authors: Vijh Anand M. , Wang Jiawei (Brooke) 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the majority of additions to and deletions from the S&P 500 index have been stocks that were previously or subsequently included in the S&P 400 index. The announcement returns of these changes have been the opposite of what has been documented for all S&P 500 additions and deletions in an extensive literature. During 2016–2020, such “upward additions” to the S&P 500 index resulted in an average announcement excess return of –2.48% over a 3‐day period, while “downward deletions” to the S&P 400 index resulted in an excess return of +1.37%. We explain these new results by the increasing total institutional ownership of S&P 400 stocks. Our results thus show the increasing benefits of being included in the mid‐cap S&P 400 index relative to being included in the large‐cap S&P 500 index.
Widespread mineralization of soft‐bodied insects in Cretaceous amber
Authors: Jiang Hui , Tomaschek Frank , Drew Muscente A. , Niu Changtai , Nyunt Thet Tin , Fang Yan , Schmidt Ute , Chen Jun , Lönartz Mara , Mähler Bastian , Wappler Torsten , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Szwedo Jacek , Zhang Haichun , Rust Jes , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFossilized tree resin, or amber, commonly contains fossils of animals, plants and microorganisms. These inclusions have generally been interpreted as hollow moulds or mummified remains coated or filled with carbonaceous material. Here, we provide the first report of calcified and silicified insects in amber from the mid‐Cretaceous Kachin (Burmese) amber. Data from light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive and wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX and WDX), X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT) and Raman spectroscopy show that these Kachin fossils owe their preservation to multiple diagenetic mineralization processes. The labile tissues (e.g. eyes, wings and trachea) mainly consist of calcite, chalcedony and quartz with minor amounts of carbonaceous material, pyrite, iron oxide and phyllosilicate minerals. Calcite, quartz and chalcedony also occur in cracks as void‐filling cements, indicating that the minerals formed from chemical species that entered the fossil inclusions through cracks in the resin. The results demonstrate that resin and amber are not always closed systems. Fluids (e.g. sediment pore water, diagenetic fluid and ground water) at different burial stages have chances to interact with amber throughout its geological history and affect the preservational quality and morphological fidelity of its fossil inclusions.
Identifying climate thresholds for dominant natural vegetation types at the global scale using machine learning: Average climate versus extremes
Authors: Beigaitė Rita , Tang Hui , Bryn Anders , Skarpaas Olav , Stordal Frode , Bjerke Jarle W. , Žliobaitė Indrė 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global distribution of vegetation is largely determined by climatic conditions and feeds back into the climate system. To predict future vegetation changes in response to climate change, it is crucial to identify and understand key patterns and processes that couple vegetation and climate. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) have been widely applied to describe the distribution of vegetation types and their future dynamics in response to climate change. As a process‐based approach, it partly relies on hard‐coded climate thresholds to constrain the distribution of vegetation. What thresholds to implement in DGVMs and how to replace them with more process‐based descriptions remain among the major challenges. In this study, we employ machine learning using decision trees to extract large‐scale relationships between the global distribution of vegetation and climatic characteristics from remotely sensed vegetation and climate data. We analyse how the dominant vegetation types are linked to climate extremes as compared to seasonally or annually averaged climatic conditions. The results show that climate extremes allow us to describe the distribution and eco‐climatological space of the vegetation types more accurately than the averaged climate variables, especially those types which occupy small territories in a relatively homogeneous ecological space. Future predicted vegetation changes using both climate extremes and averaged climate variables are less prominent than that predicted by averaged climate variables and are in better agreement with those of DGVMs, further indicating the importance of climate extremes in determining geographic distributions of different vegetation types. We found that the temperature thresholds for vegetation types (e.g. grass and open shrubland) in cold environments vary with moisture conditions. The coldest daily maximum temperature (extreme cold day) is particularly important for separating many different vegetation types. These findings highlight the need for a more explicit representation of the impacts of climate extremes on vegetation in DGVMs.
Groundwater Flow Analysis for Inclined Aquifers
Authors: Lenjani Mehdi Zamani 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSedimentary deposits that have water in subsurface groundwater system are not often completely horizontal because of the geological features such as: bedding and folding. These deposits typically overlay on sloped impervious layers, and therefore; additional research is necessary for these situations. In this research an analytical model is presented for groundwater flow on inclined impermeable layer. The presented model is preferable to the Paolowsky method regarding its applicability and accuracy. The Dupuit's assumption is used for the formulation. The presented model can be generalized for the situation, having surficial infiltration into and exfiltration from the groundwater system. Several problems of different slope situations and boundary conditions are addressed by the presented model and the results are shown here. The model is compared with numerical model Seep/w and good agreements are obtained when possible.
Quick recovery of a threatened butterfly in well‐connected patches following an extreme drought
Authors: Johansson Victor , Kindvall Oskar , Askling John , Säwenfalk Demieka Seabrook , Norman Hannah , Franzén Markus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtreme weather events are becoming more frequent due to climate change. We therefore need to understand how species respond to these events. In 2018, the worst drought ever recorded hit the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, which led to a major decline of the threatened marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) the succeeding summer.We compared yearly occupancy among 256 habitat patches between 2018 and 2020 and analysed the colonisation–extinction dynamics between 2019 and 2020 in relation to patch area, connectivity, and habitat quality. Moreover, using capture‐mark‐release data in two patch clusters differing in connectivity, we also compared population sizes before and after the drought and analysed ‘population growth rates’. We also compared yearly abundance of host plants (Succisa pratensis) over time.Results show a remarkable recovery of the marsh fritillary. Both patch occupancy in 2020 and the number of individuals in the well‐connected patch cluster were higher than before the drought. In contrast, host plants were fewer and smaller, which taken together suggest that the amount of food resources was roughly half in 2020 compared to the pre‐drought conditions. Moreover, the butterfly population in the less connected patch cluster was eight times smaller compared to the population size before the drought. Local colonisations, extinctions, and population growth rates were explained by connectivity.The ability to quickly recover after extreme droughts is promising in times of climate change. The significance of connectivity for the population dynamics during recovery highlights the importance of maintaining well‐connected patch networks.
Perceived economic mobility increases subjective well‐being when perceived social support opens the door for others
Authors: Kwon Yongju , Yi Youjae , Kim Sara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen would perceptions of economic mobility enhance individuals’ subjective well‐being? The current research examined the moderating effect of perceived social support on the relationship between perceived economic mobility and subjective well‐being. We found that perceived economic mobility increased subjective well‐being more among people with high perceived social support than among those with low social support. This interaction effect was robust across a secondary data study with South Korean participants (Study 1) and two online studies with U.K. samples (Studies 2 and 3) even when controlled for the effects of subjective SES (in Study 1), household income (in Studies 2 and 3), age, and gender. Willingness to spend future earnings on others was revealed as an underlying mechanism. Specifically, among people with high (vs. low) perceived social support, perceived economic mobility enhanced subjective well‐being via heightened willingness to spend future earnings on others, ruling out an alternative reason for subjective well‐being such as perceived importance of money.
Effect of maltodextrin weight fraction on the amorphous state and critical storage conditions of freeze‐dried juices
Authors: Flores‐Ramírez Alma , Grajales‐Lagunes Alicia , Abud‐Archila Miguel , Ruiz‐Cabrera Miguel A. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryDiagrams relating to water activity (aw), equilibrium moisture content (Xw) and glass transition temperature (Tg) are valuable tools for predicting amorphous fruit powders' storage procedure and stability. Thus, Tg–aw–Xw diagrams were constructed to characterise the amorphous state and define the critical values of water content (Xwc) and water activity (awc) of freeze‐dried juices of strawberry, pineapple, kiwi and prickly pear prepared with maltodextrin at the dry mass fraction (WMD) of 0, 0.4 and 0.8. The Tg and sorption data were fitted with a polynomial equation and the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model respectively. A Tukey test was performed to evaluate the difference between critical values of the powders (P < 0.05). The awc and Xwc increase with WMD and depend on the chemical composition of the powders. The highest critical values were found in pineapple powders, ranging from 0.174 to 0.632 and 0.029 to 0.142 dry basis (d.b.), and the lowest ones in kiwi juice powders ranging from 0.029 to 0.550 and 0.013 to 0.129 (d.b.). For WMD of 0.8, however, regardless of juice composition, stable powders in an amorphous state were obtained up to an aw of 0.52 at 25°C.
Feminization of refugee: Intersectionality, solidarity, resistance
Authors: Sunata Ulaş , Özsoy Selin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work aims to examine a possible change of feminist civil society pertaining to inclusivity with a particular interest in violence. It evaluates state‐civil society relations, coping mechanisms with domestic violence and solidarity patterns with female refugees. It proposes a novel theoretical contribution, ‘feminization of refugee’ suggesting a positive shift in the empowerment of refugee women through bidirectional solidarity, intersectionality and resistance which consequently diversifies and invigorates the civil society itself. The findings suggest that the manifestation of a resistant civil society in Turkey inclined to withhold a strong feminist stance with a rights‐based approach. The findings further manifest a growing need towards shelters in the pandemic experience which recalls capacity building requirements of civil society for refugee women against violence.
Reshaping wound care: Evaluation of an artificial intelligence app to improve wound assessment and management amid the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Barakat‐Johnson Michelle , Jones Aaron , Burger Mitch , Leong Thomas , Frotjold Astrid , Randall Sue , Kim Bora , Fethney Judith , Coyer Fiona 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWound documentation is integral to effective wound care, health data coding and facilitating continuity of care. This study evaluated the usability and effectiveness of an artificial intelligence application for wound assessment and management from a clinician‐and‐patient user perspective. A quasi‐experimental design was conducted in four settings in an Australian health service. Data were collected from patients in the standard group (n = 166, 243 wounds) and intervention group (n = 124, 184 wounds), at baseline and post‐intervention. Clinicians participated in a survey (n = 10) and focus group interviews (n = 13) and patients were interviewed (n = 4). Wound documentation data were analysed descriptively, and bivariate statistics were used to determine between‐group differences. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted. Compared with the standard group, wound documentation in the intervention group improved significantly (more than two items documented 24% vs 70%, P < .001). During the intervention, 101 out of 132 wounds improved (mean wound size reduction = 53.99%). Positive evaluations identified improvements such as instantaneous objective wound assessment, shared wound plans, increased patient adherence and enhanced efficiency in providing virtual care. The use of the application facilitated remote patient monitoring and reduced patient travel time while maintaining optimal wound care.
Changes in β‐diversity of saproxylic beetles along environmental gradients in temperate forests depend on species relative abundances
Authors: Sebek Pavel , Cizek Lukas , Hauck David , Miklin Jan , Konvicka Ondrej , Vodka Stepan , Thorn Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimUnderstanding the processes that structure biological communities along environmental gradients remains one of the main aims of ecological research. A leading question is how differences in species composition between sites, that is, β‐diversity, change in habitats ordered along environmental gradients and how such changes vary with species relative abundances. The existing literature remains descriptive, mostly comparing communities from different parts of a gradient, but not tracking sequential changes of β‐diversity along the entire gradient.LocationTemperate deciduous forests in Central Europe.TaxaSaproxylic beetles.MethodsWe applied a generalized concept of Hill numbers to data on the distribution of saproxylic beetles to test (i) whether community dissimilarities correlate with dissimilarities in major environmental variables (canopy openness, tree diameter and tree genus) and (ii) which mechanisms explain sequential changes of β‐diversity along these environmental gradients. Furthermore, we illustrate changes in the mean (α‐diversity) and total (γ‐diversity) number of species along the gradients.ResultsDissimilarities in saproxylic beetle communities were positively correlated with dissimilarities in all studied environmental variables. Changes in β‐diversity along the gradients differed for different weighting of rare, common and dominant species, with rare and dominant species always showing opposite trends. β‐diversity increased simultaneously with increasing γ‐diversity when weight was given to dominant species. On the other hand, β‐diversity decreased when weight was given to rare species.Main conclusionsThe different response of rare and dominant species indicates a similar importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in determining β‐diversity. Although the changes in β‐diversity detected along the environmental gradients were relatively slight, major community dissimilarities were found when comparing communities in different locations of the environmental gradients.