bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diachronic forager mobility: untangling the Stone Age movement patterns at the sites Norje Sunnansund, Skateholm and Västerbjers through strontium isotope ratio analysis by laser ablation
Authors: Boethius Adam , Kjällquist Mathilda , Kielman-Schmitt Melanie , Ahlström Torbjörn , Larsson Lars 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStrontium isotope ratios in human teeth from the three Swedish prehistoric Stone Age hunter-fisher-gathering societies Norje Sunnansund (Maglemose), Skateholm (Ertebølle) and Västerbjers (Pitted Ware Culture) were analysed with laser ablation to produce data on both individual movement patterns and societal mobility trends. The analyses of teeth from both Skateholm and Västerbjers displayed homogeneous ratios and corresponding mobility patterns, while the data from Norje Sunnansund showed larger variances with heterogenous strontium ratios and varied inter-individual mobility patterns. Correlation with the bioavailable baseline suggests that the size of the geographical areas, where human strontium ratios could have originated, was roughly comparable for all three sites. The teeth measurements were reflected within a 50-km radius of the surrounding landscape and the 25–75% data quartile matched with distances between 3 and 30 km from the sites, suggesting limited mobility ranges among aquatically dependent foragers from southernmost Sweden. By applying ethnographic analogies and site-specific contextual inferences, the results suggest that mobility ranges at Norje Sunnansund were likely not delimited by neighbouring group territories. This changed over time and an increasing territorialisation of the landscape may have influenced movement patterns and caused restrictions to the foraging activities at both Skateholm and Västerbjers.
Lymph node ratio predicts overall survival in patients with stage II non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based SEER analysis
Authors: Feng Nan , Wu Bo , Zhang Xiang , Chen Jianhui , Xiang Zhongtian , Wei Yiping , Zhang Wenxiong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there are many factors that affect prognosis, and the lymph node ratio (LNR) may play a significant role. Our study aimed to confirm the value of the LNR in the prognosis of patients with stage II NSCLC.

Methods
Patient data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The classification for the LNR was best determined using the X-tile method. The correlation between the LNR and overall survival (OS) was validated after the Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed. To determine the correlation between the LNR and survival, stratification and the Cox regression analysis were used.

Results
In our study, 14,183 stage II NSCLC patients were included. Among them, 8303 patients had N1 disease. According to the X-tile analysis, the optimal critical points for the LNR in N1 patients with NSCLC was 0.21 and 0.38. We categorized the cohorts as low (LNR-L ≤ 0.21; n = 5158, 62.1%), medium (0.21 < LNR-M ≤ 0.38; n = 1736, 20.9%), and high (LNR-H > 0.38; n = 1409, 17.0%). According to the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the patients with a high LNR were considerably worse than those with a medium or low LNR (P < 0.001), which was also proven by stratified and multivariate analyses. The value of the LNR was reflected in all the subgroup analyses, especially in patients ages < 60 years. The multivariate competing risks regression analysis revealed that younger age, female sex, T1 disease, adenocarcinoma and N0 disease was associated with a better prognosis after controlling for potential confounders (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
For patients with stage II NSCLC, the LNR is valuable for assessing prognosis. A higher LNR indicates a worse prognosis.
Use of a roving computer vision system to compare anomaly detection techniques for health monitoring of bridges
Authors: Lydon Darragh , Kromanis Rolands , Lydon Myra , Early Juliana , Taylor Su 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisplacement measurements can provide valuable insights into structural conditions and in-service behaviour of bridges under operational and environmental loadings. Computer vision systems have been validated as a means of displacement estimation; the research developed here is intended to form the basis of a real-time damage detection system. This paper demonstrates a solution for detecting damage to a bridge from displacement measurements using a roving vision sensor-based approach. Displacements are measured using a synchronised multi-camera vision-based measurement system. The performance of the system is evaluated in a series of controlled laboratory tests. For damage detection, five unsupervised anomaly detection techniques: Autoencoder, K-Nearest Neighbours, Kernel Density, Local Outlier Factor and Isolation Forest, are compared. The results obtained for damage detection and localisation are promising, with an f1-Score of 0.96–0.97 obtained across various analysis scenarios. The approaches proposed in this research provide a means of detecting changes to bridges using low-cost technologies requiring minimal sensor installation and reducing sources of error and allowing for rating of bridge structures.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Using Nanoparticles in Groundwater Remediation
Authors: Okasha Ahmed S. , Abd-Elmegeed Mohamed A. , Hassan Ahmed E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe efficiency of using zeolite nano-clay and silica sand in removing iron from groundwater is investigated experimentally as an application of in situ remediation technique using permeable reactive barrier (PRB). In the first stage of the study batch experiments were conducted on coarse silica sand and fine silica gravel to determine their iron removal efficiency from contaminated water. The results showed that the removal efficiency was about 51.90% for coarse silica sand while fine silica gravel failed to reduce the iron concentration in water. A mix of zeolite nano-clay and coarse silica sand with a ratio of 1:30 was tested. It was found that iron removal efficiency significantly increases to about 99.70%. The linear adsorption isotherm was found to be the most representative for the adsorption of iron onto coarse silica sand and the mix of nano-clay and coarse silica sand with distribution coefficients equal 0.0009 and 0.001, respectively. In the second stage a glass sand tank with coarse silica sand and a mix of zeolite nano-clay and coarse silica PRBs was constructed. The sand tank was used to investigate the effect of sampling time, head difference, iron concentration, nano-clay dosage, and thickness of permeable reactive barrier on the iron removal efficiency. The results indicated that increasing iron concentration and head difference decreases iron removal efficiency. The mix of zeolite nano-clay and coarse silica sand improves iron removal efficiency. Furthermore, increasing nano-clay dosage slightly increases the removal efficiency. However, increasing the thickness of filter layer (i.e., PRB) significantly improves the removal efficiency. Finally, the experimental model data were used to test the capability of a numerical contaminant transport model to predict the removal efficiency. The MT3DMS numerical model included within the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) was used along with the different experimental data to obtain reaction rate values as calibration parameters for linear isotherm. Reaction rates that yield modeling results matching experimental data were obtained.
Supporting children’s mental health in primary schools: a qualitative exploration of educator perspectives
Authors: Giles-Kaye Alison , Quach Jon , Oberklaid Frank , O’Connor Meredith , Darling Simone , Dawson Georgia , Connolly Ann-Siobhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSchools are often seen as a key setting for the provision of mental health support for children. This study aimed to explore the professional perspectives of primary school educators in Victoria, Australia, regarding how schools can support the mental health of their students. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 17 primary school educators, from four schools. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes from the data. This study indicates that educators report significant concerns about the complexities of their role and their capacity to support children’s mental health due to a lack of resources, overwhelming demands, and inadequate training. Educators highlighted the importance of partnership and communication with families and of a school culture that prioritises mental health. This study provides insights into external factors that can undermine effective support of children’s mental health within primary schools and indicates a need for a more integrated approach to supporting children’s mental health across education and healthcare.
Meckel-Gruber Syndrome in Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Atakir Kadir , Atakir Emine Aylin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMeckel-Gruber syndrome is a rare, OR-transitive and fatal disease. Prenatal diagnosis is important, especially in regions where consanguineous marriages are common. The classic triad of the disease is occipital meningoencephalocele, renal anomalies and postaxial polydactyly. The diagnosis is made by the presence of two of these three major features. Just over 200 cases have been reported in the world literature. The purpose of presenting our case is that all findings of the disease were detected in both fetuses in a twin pregnancy for the first time, which has not been reported in literature.
A Voronoi strain-based method for granular materials and continua
Authors: Frenning Göran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a recent article (Frenning in Comp Part Mech 24:1–4, 2021), we demonstrated that a Delaunay-based strain estimate could be used as a starting point for the development of a particle-based method for continua. In this article, we argue that the Voronoi diagram, dual to the previously used Delaunay tetrahedralization, provides a more natural description of the underlying particulate system. For this reason, a Voronoi-based estimate of the deformation gradient is derived and used to the same effect. Although the gradient vectors cease to be antisymmetric, sums over nearest neighbors vanish, which results in a formulation that not only is linearly complete but also satisfies the patch test irrespective of initial particle placement. Pairwise forces, inferred from the local (nonaffine) deformation of each bond or contact, impart a physical stabilization. Forces are obtained from a discrete Lagrangian, thus ensuring that linear and angular momenta are conserved in the absence of external forces and torques. Methods to enforce different types of boundary conditions are described; these are exact for linear displacements, for constant stresses and for free surfaces. The performance of the method is assessed in a number of numerical tests.
Emergency Department Utilization Among Undocumented Latino Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ro Annie , Bruckner Tim A. , Huynh Michael Pham , Du Senxi , Young Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
To determine whether Latino undocumented immigrants had a steeper decline in Emergency Department (ED) utilization compared to Latino Medi-Cal patients in a Los Angeles safety-net hospital, March 13, 2020, to May 8, 2020.

Study Design
The data were extracted from patient medical records for ED visits at LAC + USC Medical Center from January 2018 to September 2020. We analyzed weekly ED encounters among undocumented Latino patients in the nine-week period after COVID was declared a national emergency. We applied time-series routines to identify and remove autocorrelation in ED encounters before examining its relation with the COVID-19 pandemic. We included Latino patients 18 years of age and older who were either on restricted or full-scope Medi-Cal (n = 230,195).

Results
All low-income Latino patients, regardless of immigration status, experienced a significant decline in ED utilization during the first nine weeks of the pandemic. Undocumented patients, however, experienced an even steeper decline. ED visits for this group fall below expected levels between March 13, 2020, and May 8, 2020 (coef. =  − 38.67; 95% CI =  − 71.71, − 5.63). When applied to the weekly mean of ED visits, this translates to a 10% reduction below expected levels in ED visits during this time period.

Conclusion
Undocumented immigrants’ health care utilization was influenced by external events that occurred early in the pandemic, such as strict stay-at-home orders and the public charge rule change. Health care institutions and local policy efforts could work to ensure that hospitals are safer spaces for undocumented immigrants to receive care without immigration concerns.
Health and environment from adaptation to adaptivity: a situated relational account
Authors: Menatti Laura , Bich Leonardo , Saborido Cristian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe definitions and conceptualizations of health, and the management of healthcare have been challenged by the current global scenarios (e.g., new diseases, new geographical distribution of diseases, effects of climate change on health, etc.) and by the ongoing scholarship in humanities and science. In this paper we question the mainstream definition of health adopted by the WHO—‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’ (WHO in Preamble to the constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the international health conference, The World Health Organization, 1948)—and its role in providing tools to understand what health is in the contemporary context. More specifically, we argue that this context requires to take into account the role of the environment both in medical theory and in the healthcare practice. To do so, we analyse WHO documents dated 1984 and 1986 which define health as ‘coping with the environment’. We develop the idea of ‘coping with the environment’, by focusing on two cardinal concepts: adaptation in public health and adaptivity in philosophy of biology. We argue that the notions of adaptation and adaptivity can be of major benefit for the characterization of health, and have practical implications. We explore some of these implications by discussing two recent case studies of adaptivity in public health, which can be valuable to further develop adaptive strategies in the current pandemic scenario: community-centred care and microbiologically healthier buildings.
Ongoing Commercialization of Gestational Surrogacy due to Globalization of the Reproductive Market before and after the Pandemic
Authors: Hibino Yuri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Surrogacy tourism in Asian countries has surged in recent decades due to affordable prices and favourable regulations. Although it has recently been banned in many countries, it is still carried out illegally across borders. With demand for surrogacy in developed countries increasing and economically vulnerable Asian women lured by lucrative compensation, there are efforts by guest countries to ease the strict surrogacy regulations in host countries. Despite a shift toward “altruistic surrogacy”, commercial surrogacy persists. Recent research carried out by international organizations that seek to establish a legal relationship between the commissioning parents and children in cross-border surrogacy arrangements, under the guise of the “best interests of the child,” appears to promote a resurgence of overseas commercial surrogacy rather than restrict it. Further commercialization of surrogacy should be prevented by carefully investigating the reality of the surrogacy process.
Mapping the potential for offshore aquaculture of salmonids in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Yu Shuang-En , Dong Shuang-Lin , Zhang Zhi-Xin , Zhang Yu-Yang , Sarà Gianluca , Wang Jie , Dong Yun-Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMariculture has been one of the fastest-growing global food production sectors over the past three decades. With the congestion of space and deterioration of the environment in coastal regions, offshore aquaculture has gained increasing attention. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are two important aquaculture species and contribute to 6.1% of world aquaculture production of finfish. In the present study, we established species distribution models (SDMs) to identify the potential areas for offshore aquaculture of these two cold-water fish species considering the mesoscale spatio-temporal thermal heterogeneity of the Yellow Sea. The values of the area under the curve (AUC) and the true skill statistic (TSS) showed good model performance. The suitability index (SI), which was used in this study to quantitatively assess potential offshore aquaculture sites, was highly dynamic at the surface water layer. However, high SI values occurred throughout the year at deeper water layers. The potential aquaculture areas for S. salar and O. mykiss in the Yellow Sea were estimated as 52,270 ± 3275 (95% confidence interval, CI) and 146,831 ± 15,023 km2, respectively. Our results highlighted the use of SDMs in identifying potential aquaculture areas based on environmental variables. Considering the thermal heterogeneity of the environment, this study suggested that offshore aquaculture for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout was feasible in the Yellow Sea by adopting new technologies (e.g., sinking cages into deep water) to avoid damage from high temperatures in summer.
A modular switched-capacitor multilevel inverter featuring voltage gain ability
Authors: Wang Yaoqiang , Ye Juncheng , Ku Ruohan , Shen Yuchen , Li Gen , Liang Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article presents a modular switched-capacitor multilevel inverter which uses two capacitors and a single dc source to obtain triple voltage gain. It is worth noting that the inherent inversion capacity removes the H-bridge, which can efficaciously diminish the voltage stress of switches, and the maximum voltage stress (MVS) on devices is kept within 2Vdc. Additionally, the proposed topology is able to integrate inductive load, and the capacitor voltage self-balancing can be achieved. Moreover, the modular structure also has an expandable topology which can generate more levels and raise the voltage gain by using multiple switched-capacitor units, meanwhile the voltage stress on power switches can be kept within 2Vdc. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis and comparison with other multilevel inverters have been implemented to certify the superiority of the proposed topology. Finally, the steady-state and dynamic performance of the proposed topology is examined through a seven-level inverter prototype, the validity and practicability of the topology are verified by simulations and experiments.
Refocusing Rape Investigations: A Commentary on Research Supporting Operation Soteria Bluestone
Authors: Brown Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a commentary on the academic research that was undertaken in support of a pilot project in Avon and Somerset Constabulary to develop a new rape investigation model, Operation Soteria Bluestone. A five-pillar approach re-oriented investigative practice towards suspect focussed case building whilst maintaining support for complainants. In addition, organisation enablers were developed to enhance specialist training, intelligent use of data, and promoting officer welfare and wellbeing. The empirical papers addressed various aspects of the five Pillars. Proof of concept, conduciveness of the political, economic, and social environment, and connectivity with other associated work were employed as appraisal criteria. There is much to commend in the proposed model but the absence of research on suspects and offenders, given their prominence in the model’s new direction, together with the lack of a strong implementation framework, are omissions that hopefully will be addressed in the future.
Opportunities in Critical Rare Earth Metal Recycling Value Chains for Economic Growth with Sustainable Technological Innovations
Authors: Patil Ajay B. , Struis Rudolf P. W. J. , Ludwig Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are often referred to as the industrial vitamins and the key drivers of the industry 4.0 revolution. The current global supply chain of REEs for green and high-tech applications with more than 220 metric kilotons per year involves a huge environmental impact (backpack) as well as the piling up of radioactive by-products to about 1.5 times the amount of REEs produced. E-wastes and municipal solid waste streams are attractive secondary resources. The current opinion paper discusses the recycling of rare earth metals along the value chain with the opportunities and challenges associated with it. The way to mitigate the economic constraints has been pointed out in terms of competitive quality and recovery of the REEs when compared with the mineral exploration options in the market. It is also emphasised that the technical complexity, capital expenditures and operating expenses need to fit the economic boundary conditions to make the recycling viable. In future, the appropriate REE-rich feedstocks such as fluorescent lamp e-waste powders and magnets can be potential secondary sources of the critical raw materials necessary for the green transition. The success of the viable recycling approaches and technologies will largely depend on the public–private partnerships based on hybrid financing models and local know-how generation to compete with quasi-monopoly in the REE supply chains. However, to break the monopolies, it will not be sufficient to only recycle the REEs; it will also be relevant to diversify the industries that produce REE-containing goods from recycled waste streams.
Gromov–Wasserstein distances between Gaussian distributions
Authors: Delon Julie , Desolneux Agnes , Salmona Antoine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGromov–Wasserstein distances were proposed a few years ago to compare distributions which do not lie in the same space. In particular, they offer an interesting alternative to the Wasserstein distances for comparing probability measures living on Euclidean spaces of different dimensions. We focus on the Gromov–Wasserstein distance with a ground cost defined as the squared Euclidean distance, and we study the form of the optimal plan between Gaussian distributions. We show that when the optimal plan is restricted to Gaussian distributions, the problem has a very simple linear solution, which is also a solution of the linear Gromov–Monge problem. We also study the problem without restriction on the optimal plan, and provide lower and upper bounds for the value of the Gromov–Wasserstein distance between Gaussian distributions.