bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Test for Apparent Bias and Arbitrators’ Duties of Disclosure Following Halliburton v. Chubb: Welcome Clarification, but Questions Remain
Authors: Rawding Nigel , Kimmins Charles , Pearce Luke , Valner Olivia 
Published: March 2022

UK The Supreme Court handed down its judgment in Halliburton v. Chubb in November 2020. The case addressed the test for apparent bias and the issue of arbitrators’ duties of disclosure in English-seated arbitrations. The authors of this article represented the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) as interveners in the Supreme Court appeal.
This article explores the key points arising out of the judgment and takes stock of the current position under English law. The authors discuss certain issues that remain open following the judgment, including the relationship between the duties of disclosure and confidentiality. They explore the extent to which parties’ adoption of institutional rules can modify the English law position, and comment on the extent to which English law is now in line with that of other jurisdictions.
The article notes that Halliburton v. Chubb is one of a number of recent cases globally concerning the scope of arbitrators’ duties. It concludes that while the decision of the Supreme Court provides a welcome degree of clarity as to the English law position, and a necessary confirmation that the English courts take a robust approach to such issues, the judgment itself was necessarily confined to relatively narrow facts. As such, questions relating to arbitrators’ duties are likely to return to the spotlight in future cases, and English law is likely to continue to develop as the relevant principles are applied to different fact patterns and as new norms emerge amongst arbitrators.
Halliburton v. Chubb, Arbitrators’ duties, Duty of disclosure, Apparent bias, Conflicts of interest, Impartiality, Challenges to arbitrators, Arbitration Act 1996, Confidentiality, Supreme Court
Self-healing concrete using bacillus subtilis natto immobilized in lightweight aggregate
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Tri Huynh , Imamoto Kei-ichi , Kiyohara Chizuru 
Published: March 2022

Concrete is probably the most important and commonly used construction material. However, concrete still faces quality degradation problems caused by cracks. Concrete is probably the most important and commonly used construction material. However, concrete still faces quality degradation problems caused by cracks. In leading to sustainable development, management methods will be better than repairing the cracks in concrete. With high ability to be cultured and CaCO3 precipitation, the potential to use Bacillus subtilis natto in full-scale application is promising. Although the bacteria were transformed into spores before mixing to concrete, their survival is still minimal. In this study, the high survival rate of bacteria immobilized in lightweight aggregate reflected through later-age-crack strength restoration rate contributes essential information for maintaining self-healing for a long time. Experiements also clarifies the bio-mineralization of Bacillus subtilis natto with the effects of nutrient-low medium to find a suitable way to protect and maintain the self-healing abilities in a long time. The effect of cracking age on the self-healing capacity associated with the compressive strength improvement was clarified.
Educación ambiental para el manejo sustentable del agua en la comunidad toro muerto, río Caroní
Authors: Castro Omar Enrique , Moncada Rangel José Alí 
Published: March 2022

Resumen en español	El presente estudio se realizó en la comunidad de Toro Muerto, ubicada en la cuenca baja del río Caroní, estado Bolívar, donde diversas acciones antrópicas afectan a la cuenca y los beneficios ambientales que brinda. El objetivo de la investigación fue implementar un programa educativo ambiental para el manejo sustentable del agua en esta comunidad. Se utilizó el enfoque multimétodo, siguiendo la metodología de Investigación –Acción Participativa. En una primera etapa se entrevistó a líderes de la comunidad y se aplicó una encuesta a 310 habitantes de esta población para determinar los usos, prácticas y problemas ambientales asociados al uso del recurso hídrico. En la segunda fase se diseñó el programa educativo ambiental. En un tercer momento, se aplicó el programa y se evaluó su impacto. La escasez y deficiente calidad del agua es el principal problema ambiental manifestado por la comunidad de Toro muerto, indicando que los usos y prácticas cotidianas de la comunidad no son las adecuadas para garantizar un uso sostenible del recurso. El programa educativo diseñado se implementó con 18 líderes comunales, en los que se evidenciaron aprendizajes de contenidos conceptuales y actitudinales, pero no en los contenidos procedimentales. La investigación deja abierta la necesidad de evaluar los impactos generados a mediano y largo plazo.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐÁNH GIÁ MỨC ĐỘ SUY THOÁI DIỆN TÍCH PHỦ CỦA CÁC HỆ SINH THÁI ĐIỂN HÌNH BIỂN PHÚ QUỐC THEO KỊCH BẢN BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU, NƯỚC BIỂN DÂNG
Authors: Đào Hương Giang , Ngô Thị Bích Ngọc, Bạch Quang Dũng  
Published: March 2022

Phú Quốc là một đảo lớn nằm ở biển Tây Nam Bộ. Vùng biển đảo Phú Quốc nhạy cảm về an ninh quốc phòng và giàu tiềm năng phát triển kinh tế. Những năm gần đây, dưới tác động của biến đổi khí hậu, nước biển dâng (BĐKH, NBD) làm các hệ sinh thái (HST) như rạn san hô (RSH), thảm cỏ biển (TCB), rừng ngập mặn (RNM) bị suy thoái nghiêm trọng. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng phương pháp trọng số để định lượng hóa tác động của các nguyên nhân gây suy thoái các HST như các hoạt động phát triển kinh tế - xã hội và BĐKH, NBD. Phương pháp được thực hiện gồm 3 bước sau: (1) Xác định nguyên nhân gây suy thoái; (2) Xác định trọng số cho các nguyên nhân và mức độ suy thoái ứng với 1 trọng số; và (3) Tính mức độ suy thoái HST theo trọng số và thời gian dự báo. Việc dự báo mức độ suy thoái HST tiêu biểu của Phú Quốc được thực hiện theo kịch bản BĐKH RCP 4.5 (kịch bản nồng độ khí nhà kính trung bình thấp) và RCP 8.5 (kịch bản nồng độ khí nhà kính cao) cho năm 2050. Kết quả như sau: RNM suy thoái 19,2% theo kịch bản RCP4.5 và 22,4% theo kịch bản RCP8.5, TCB suy thoái 16,8% theo kịch bản RCP4.5 và 21,6% theo kịch bản RCP8.5, RSH suy thoái 21,12% theo kịch bản RCP4.5 và 24,96% theo kịch bản RCP8.5. Kết quả nghiên cứu có ý nghĩa to lớn trong nghiên cứu khoa học, phục vụ cho việc tính toán thiệt hại kinh tế do suy thoái HST dưới tác động của BĐKH, NBD và đề xuất các giải pháp bảo tồn và quản lý các HST hiệu quả trong bối cảnh BĐKH.
Late Neolithic and Late Bronze Age lithic assemblages associated with a cairn and other prehistoric features at Stoneyhill Farm, Longhaven, Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, 2002–03
Authors: Ballin Torben Bjarke , Suddaby Ian , Cressey Michael , Hastie Mhairi , Jackson Adam , Johnson Melanie , Hicks Kevin , Mudie George , Whitelaw Leeanne 
Published: March 2022

Prehistoric remains were recorded by CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) in 2002–03 during a programme of fieldwork at the landfill site within the boundaries of Stoneyhill Farm, which lies 7km to the southwest of Peterhead in Aberdeenshire (NGR: NK 078 409). These included a clearance cairn with a Late Bronze Age lithic assemblage and a burial cairn, with Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age lithics and Beaker ceramics. Other lithic scatters of similar date had no certain associations, although pits containing near-contemporary Impressed Wares were nearby. Additional lithic assemblages included material dated to the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. What may be proto-Unstan Wares in an isolated pit were associated with radiocarbon dates (barley) of the first half of the 4th millennium BC. These findings represent a substantial addition to the local area's archaeological record and form an important contribution to the understanding of lithic technology and ceramics in earlier prehistoric Scotland.
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Ian Shepherd, whose site visits enlightened this and other projects undertaken by Ian Suddaby.
Wet‐Adhesive Elastomer for Liquid Metal‐Based Conformal Epidermal Electronics
Authors: Cheng Jinhao , Shang Jin , Yang Shuaijian , Dou Jiabin , Shi Xinghua , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWearable electronics are increasingly used in health monitoring and treatment in different conditions. However, few devices can adhere conformally to the skin after sports and showers (sweating, deformation, friction). Here, a facile method is presented by providing a metal‐polymer conductor (MPC) made with polyethylene glycol (PEG) blended polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based adhesive (PPA) that encapsulates gallium‐based liquid metal alloy circuits as epidermal electronics. Adding PEG into PDMS prepolymer can result in a softer and wet‐adhesive elastomer that can bear larger deformation than PDMS itself. The soft and adhesive electronics can adhere to the skin conformally for more than 2 d. It has been demonstrated that these electronics can meet the needs of motion detection, electrophysiological signal detection and skin wound healing during a 48 h wearing with sports and shower. It is expected that the wet‐adhesive electronic with excellent biosafety can be widely used and solve existing problems in medical adhesives and human–machine interfaces.
Bicontinuous Soft Solids with a Gradient in Channel Size
Authors: French David J. , Schofield Andrew B. , Thijssen Job H. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents examples of bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (“bijels”) with a designed gradient in the channel size along the sample. These samples are created by quenching binary fluids which have a gradient in particle concentration along the sample, since the channel size is determined by the local particle concentration. A gradient in local particle concentration is achieved using a two‐stage loading process, with different particle volume fractions in each stage. Confocal microscopy and image analysis are used to quantitatively measure the channel size of the bijels. Bijels with a gradient in channel size of up to 2.8% mm−1 have been created. Such tailored soft materials could act as templates for energy materials optimized for both high ionic transport rates (high power) and high interfacial area (high energy density), potentially making them useful in novel energy applications.
Spectroscopic Investigation of Bianthryl‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films and Their Photoinduced Topotactic Transformation
Authors: Hassan Zeinab Mohammed , Weidler Peter G. , Nefedov Alexei , Luo Yi , Heißler Stefan , Tsotsalas Manuel , Haldar Ritesh , Wöll Christof 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained a large amount of interest because of their periodic and modular structure. These features allow easy prediction of the physical and chemical properties of an organic chromophore, acting as a linker in the MOF. In the present work, a bianthryl (BA) chromophore, equipped with metal‐coordinating carboxylate groups, is studied to construct a photoluminescent Zn‐BA surface‐anchored MOF (SURMOF) thin film. The Zn‐BA SURMOF, in response to prolonged UV light irradiation under ambient conditions, exhibits prominent changes in the ground and excited state optical properties, without losing its crystalline structure. A detailed spectroscopic study using UV–vis, infra‐red, Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) reveals that in the presence of O2 a photoinduced topotactic transformation is initiated by the formation of singlet oxygen, which then reacts with the BA linkers to form endoperoxide.
Biofunctionalization of Graphene‐Based FET Sensors through Heterobifunctional Nanoscaffolds: Technology Validation toward Rapid COVID‐19 Diagnostics and Monitoring
Authors: Piccinini Esteban , Fenoy Gonzalo E. , Cantillo Agustín L. , Allegretto Juan A. , Scotto Juliana , Piccinini José M. , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Azzaroni Omar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe biofunctionalization of graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs) through vinylsulfonated‐polyethyleneimine nanoscaffold is presented for enhanced biosensing of severe acute respiratory‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein and human ferritin, two targets of great importance for the rapid diagnostic and monitoring of individuals with COVID‐19. The heterobifunctional nanoscaffold enables covalent immobilization of binding proteins and antifouling polymers while the whole architecture is attached to graphene by multivalent π–π interactions. First, to optimize the sensing platform, concanavalin A is employed for glycoprotein detection. Then, monoclonal antibodies specific against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and human ferritin are anchored, yielding biosensors with limit of detections of 0.74 and 0.23 nm, and apparent affinity constants () of 6.7 and 8.8 nm, respectively. Both biosensing platforms show good specificity, fast time response, and wide dynamic range (0.1–100 nm). Moreover, SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein is also detected in spiked nasopharyngeal swab samples. To rigorously validate this biosensing technology, the GFET response is matched with surface plasmon resonance measurements, exhibiting linear correlations (from 2 to 100 ng cm−2) and good agreement in terms of KD values. Finally, the performance of the biosensors fabricated through the nanoscaffold strategy is compared with those obtained through the widely employed monopyrene approach, showing enhanced sensitivity.
Molybdenum Disulfide/Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Mixed‐Dimensional Heterostructures
Authors: Bai Xueyin , Xu Zhenyu , Zhang Qiang , Li Shisheng , Dai Yunyun , Cui Xiaoqi , Yoon Hoon Hahn , Yao Lide , Jiang Hua , Du Mingde , Zhang Yi , Kauppinen Esko I. , Sun Zhipei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMixed‐dimensional heterostructures which combine materials with different dimensions have emerged to expand the scope and functionality of van der Waals heterostructures. Here, a direct synthesis method of molybdenum disulfide/double‐wall carbon nanotube (MoS2/DWCNT) mixed‐dimensional heterostructures by sulfurating a molten salt, Na2MoO4, on a substrate covered with a DWCNT film is reported. The synthesized heterostructures are comprehensively characterized and their stacking order is confirmed to be MoS2 under the DWCNTs, although the DWCNT film is transferred on the substrate first. Moreover, field‐effect transistors based on the heterostructure are fabricated for photodetection, and an abnormal negative photoresponse is discovered due to the strong carrier transfer in the mixed‐dimensional heterostructures under light incidence. The MoS2/DWCNT heterostructure results provide a new approach for the synthesis and applications of mixed‐dimensional heterostructures.
Integrated Optoelectronic Devices Using Lab‐On‐Fiber Technology
Authors: Ricciardi Armando , Zimmer Michael , Witz Norbert , Micco Alberto , Piccirillo Federica , Giaquinto Martino , Kaschel Mathias , Burghartz Joachim , Jetter Michael , Michler Peter , Cusano Andrea , Portalupi Simone Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilica fibers are nowadays cornerstones in several technological implementations from long‐distance communication, to sensing applications in many scenarios. To further enlarge the functionalities, the compactness, and the performances of fiber‐based devices, one needs to reliably integrate small‐footprint components such as sensors, light sources, and detectors onto single optical fiber substrates. Here, a novel proof of concept is presented to deterministically integrate optoelectronic chips onto the facet of an optical fiber, further implementing the electrical contacting between the chip and fiber itself. The CMOS‐compatible procedure is based on a suitable combination of metal deposition, laser machining, and micromanipulation, directly applied onto the fiber tip. The proposed method is validated by transferring, aligning, and bonding a quantum‐well based laser on the core of a multimode optical fiber. The successful monolithic device integration on fiber shows simultaneously electrical contacting between the laser and the ferrule, and 20% light in‐coupling in the fiber. These results pave new ways to develop the next generation of optoelectronic systems on fiber. The technological approach will set a new relevant milestone along the lab‐on‐fiber roadmap, opening new avenues for a novel class of integrated optoelectronic fiber platforms, featuring unrivaled miniaturization, compactness, and performances levels, designed for specific applications.
Photoluminescence Enhancement of NIR‐II Emissive Ag2S Quantum Dots via Chloride‐Mediated Growth and Passivation
Authors: Pan Liang‐Jun , Tu Jia‐Wei , Yang Ling‐Ling , Tian Zhi‐Quan , Zhang Zhi‐Ling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAg2S quantum dots (QDs) with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window are urgently pursued. Halide atoms (especially chloride) have been studied as inorganic capping ligands on improving the PLQY of Cd‐, Pb‐based chalcogenide QDs; however, it remains a challenge to well replace the organic ligand with chloride ligand from silver chalcogenide QDs. Herein, a novel strategy to prepare Ag2S QDs with significant photoluminescence (PL) enhancement via chloride‐mediated growth and passivation is demonstrated. The oleylamine and oleate ligands on the surface of silver‐rich Ag2S QDs are readily replaced by chloride ligands due to the smaller size and higher binding affinity with Ag+. Upon partial ligand exchange and chloride passivation, the surface trap states in Ag2S QDs are reduced through a decrease of unsaturated surface Ag atoms. Therefore, Ag2S QDs with approximately 300‐fold enhancement of PL intensity, and a PLQY of 47.6% at 1220 nm emission, and a lifetime of 256 ns are obtained because the nonradiative recombination is inhibited. This work reveals that the passivation of Ag2S QDs with chloride ligands is fully feasible, providing new insights into improving the PLQY of silver chalcogenide QDs.
Magnetic Interplay between π‐Electrons of Open‐Shell Porphyrins and d‐Electrons of Their Central Transition Metal Ions
Authors: Sun Qiang , Mateo Luis M. , Robles Roberto , Ruffieux Pascal , Bottari Giovanni , Torres Tomás , Fasel Roman , Lorente Nicolás 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMagnetism is typically associated with d‐ or f‐block elements, but can also appear in organic molecules with unpaired π‐electrons. This has considerably boosted the interest in such organic materials with large potential for spintronics and quantum applications. While several materials showing either d/f or π‐electron magnetism have been synthesized, the combination of both features within the same structure has only scarcely been reported. Open‐shell porphyrins (Pors) incorporating d‐block transition metal ions represent an ideal platform for the realization of such architectures. Herein, the preparation of a series of open‐shell, π‐extended Pors that contain magnetically active metal ions (i.e., CuII, CoII, and FeII) through a combination of in‐solution and on‐surface synthesis is reported. A detailed study of the magnetic interplay between π‐ and d‐electrons in these metalloPors has been performed by scanning probe methods and density functional theory calculations. For the Cu and FePors, ferromagnetically coupled π‐electrons are determined to be delocalized over the Por edges. For the CoPor, the authors find a Kondo resonance resulting from the singly occupied CoII dz2 orbital to dominate the magnetic fingerprint. The Fe derivative exhibits the highest magnetization of 3.67 μB (S≈2) and an exchange coupling of 16 meV between the π‐electrons and the Fe d‐states.
In vitro embryo formation and plantlet regeneration from unpollinated ovaries of Lilium L
Authors: Zhai Zhengguang , Liu Chongxi , Huang Songqing , Xie Pengfei , Zhang Qingfu , Guo Song , Cai Hailin , Li Yufan , Jia Ruidong , Cai Yanfang , Chen Jiren , Zeng Wei‐ai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe in vitro culture of unpollinated ovaries is one of the techniques used to induce gynogenesis. To explore the mechanism of lily gynogenesis and obtain haploids to shorten the breeding cycle, the in vitro effects of flower bud sampling time, exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs), and different concentrations of picloram on embryo formation in unpollinated ovaries of Lilium L. ‘Sorbonne’ (oriental hybrids) were studied. The results indicated that flower buds ≥8 cm in length were most suitable. The PGRs picloram and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) with 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BA) or kinetin were useful in inducing ovule expansion in vitro. However, most ovules did not survive on the media containing 2,4‐D, whereas those grown on media containing picloram developed normally. In particular, a lower concentration of picloram (0.5 mg L−1) was found to be beneficial to the development of ovules into embryogenic shoots, whereas higher concentrations were more favorable to the development of shoots from the ovary wall. In total, 87 regenerated plants were obtained from unpollinated ovaries of Sorbonne. The chromosome ploidy of 20 of these was determined by counting root tip chromosomes, and eight of the regenerated plants were found to be haploids.
Early administration of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma with high titer antibody content by live viral neutralization assay is associated with modest clinical efficacy
Authors: Belov Artur , Huang Yin , Villa Carlos H. , Whitaker Barbee I. , Forshee Richard , Anderson Steven A. , Eder Anne , Verdun Nicole , Joyner Michael J. , Wright Scott R. , Carter Rickey E. , Hung Deborah T. ,   the Broad Institute COVID‐19 Antibody Team, Homer Mary , Hoffman Corey , Lauer Michael , Marks Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) as a treatment for hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 remains somewhat controversial; however, many studies have not evaluated CCP documented to have high neutralizing antibody titer by a highly accurate assay. To evaluate the correlation of the administration of CCP with titer determined by a live viral neutralization assay with 7‐ and 28‐day death rates during hospitalization, a total of 23 118 patients receiving a single unit of CCP were stratified into two groups: those receiving high titer CCP (>250 50% inhibitory dilution, ID50; n = 13 636) or low titer CCP (≤250 ID50; n = 9482). Multivariable Cox regression was performed to assess risk factors. Non‐intubated patients who were transfused with high titer CCP showed 1.1% and 1.7% absolute reductions in overall 7‐ and 28‐day death rates, respectively, compared to those non‐intubated patients receiving low titer CCP. No benefit of CCP was observed in intubated patients. The relative benefit of high titer CCP was confirmed in multivariable Cox regression. Administration of CCP with high titer antibody content determined by live viral neutralization assay to non‐intubated patients is associated with modest clinical efficacy. Although shown to be only of modest clinical benefit, CCP may play a role in the future should viral variants develop that are not neutralized by other available therapeutics.