bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Pinching of ‘Hetzi’ Holly with EHPP1
Authors: Lewis A. J. , Haun J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethyl hydrogen 1-propylphosphonate (EHPP) applied to Ilex crenata, Thunb. ‘Hetzi’ increased the number of branches. The optimum concentration for branching was 4000 ppm. Higher concentrations reduced branching, produced phytotoxicity, and delayed regrowth. Plant dry weight was inversely proportional to concentration at rates above 2000 ppm.
Effects of Applied Gibberellins on the Growth of Japanese Holly1
Authors: Wright R. D. , Aung L. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intemodal and stem lengths of new growth and plant diameter of dwarf Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. cv. Helleri) were significantly increased by sprays of 100, 200, or 400 ppm gibberellin A4+7 (GA4+7). GA3 was less effective than GA4+7, but also significantly increased stem length and plant diameter. Leaf size was decreased by GA3 and GA4+7 applications.
Papaya Development In Hawaii1
Authors: Nakasone Henry Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Even at the turn of the century, the papaya (cover photo) was the universal breakfast fruit in Hawaii and was considered as one of the most wholesome of fruits. Early horticulturists predicted a strong economic future. Today, it ranks third after pineapple and macadamia in acreage and value in Hawaii. Of the 32.8 million pounds produced from 1,430 acres in 1973, about half was exported with a total farm value of over 4 million dollars with promise of increased acreage and value in the near term.
Inhibition of Ethylene Synthesis by Benzylisothiocyanate and its Use to Delay the Senescence of Carnations1
Authors: Parups E. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Benzyliso thiocyanate (BITC), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis and an antimicrobial agent, added to aqueous solutions of a flower preservative, at a concentration of 0.180 mM, decreased ethylene production in apple slices and rose stamens and increased the vase-life of cut flowers of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White Sim).
Anthocyanin Pigments and Breeding Potential in Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.) and Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus L.)1
Authors: Egolf Donald R. , Santamour Frank S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The anthocyanins in the flowers of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia) species and cultivars are the 3-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. These three pigments are also present in most of the cultivars of rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus), but one cultivar contained cyanidin 3-glucoside as the major petal pigment Thus, the development of plants with “true-red” petals is remotely possible in rose of sharon but unlikely in crapemyrtle.
Influence of Fertilizer Level, Apical Bud Removal, and Tuber Orientation on Forcing of Caladium bicolor1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Poole R. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Experiments conducted on Caladium bicolor Vent cv. Candidum have shown that apical bud removal increased number of shoots and decreased leaf length, height and color. Planting tubers inverted decreased grade, leaf length, height, and color. Increasing fertilizer level from 0 to 3.0 or 6.0 kg Osmocote/m3 had no influence on leaf size, but influenced grade, number of shoots, and leaf color. Interaction between fertilizer level and tuber orientation indicated higher nutrient levels were partly able to overcome deleterious effects of inverted placement, while interaction between apical bud removal and tuber orientation demonstrated negative effects of bud removal when combined with tuber inversion.
Effects of Scion and Rootstock on Mineral Nutrient Content of Leaves of both Scions and Rootstocks of Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Axford M. A. , Westwood M. N. , Chaplin M. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The nutrient content of rootstock and scion leaves from trees of ‘Napoleon’ and ‘Corum’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growing on Stockton Morello (Prunus cerasus L.) and East Mailing Mazzard F12-1 (Prunus avium L.) was analyzed. The concentration of Ca was greater in ‘Corum’ on F12-1 than on Stockton Morello. Rootstocks interacted with scions for K, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, B, and Zn.
Pheno-climatography of Spring Peach Bud Development1
Authors: Richardson E. Arlo , Seeley Schuyler D. , Walker David R. , Anderson J. LaMar , Ashcroft Gaylen L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A model has been developed that relates the stages of spring bud development of ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Elberta’ peaches (Primus persica (L.) Batsch) to an accumulation of growing degree hours following rest completion. The accumulation of growing degree hours is based on a lower limit of 4.5°C and an upper limit of 25°.
Thiourea, a New Thinning Agent for Early-ripening Peaches and Nectarines1
Authors: Erez A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thiourea will thin ‘Sunred’ nectarine and early peach cultivar flower buds effectively when sprayed at a concentration of 2 to 3% at the beginning of bud swell. Flower-bud thinning was not accompanied by any significant phytotoxicity at this period. Earlier and later application resulted in a reduced thinning effectivity with the latter also causing damage to leaf buds and young shoots. Fruit on chemically thinned trees were larger and matured earlier than those on hand-thinned trees.
Influence of Light and Spray Coverage on Red Color Development of Ethephon-treated ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Greene D. W. , Lord W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid ethephon at 150 ppm increased red color on shaded ‘McIntosh’ apples although color development was slow. Eleven days after ethephon treatment 64% of the shaded fruit on 10-year-old semi-dwarf trees met the color standards for U.S. Extra Fancy Grade while only 37% met this standard 14 days after application on the large trees. No shaded fruit on the check trees were U.S. Extra Fancy. Increased red color on ‘McIntosh’ fruit occurred when ethephon was applied either to the fruit or the leaves.
Color Chart for Japanese Pear (Pyrus serotina var. culta Rehder)1
Authors: Kajiura I. , Suzuki K. , Yamazaki T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ground color chart for Japanese pear was made both to study the maturation and to judge time of harvest. The chart value correlated with both the soluble solids content and firmness. During the harvest period, the cultivar difference was found in yellowing at the stem end. The calyx end was the best position to evaluate ground color.
Growth Regulators Increase Yield and Reduce Length of Harvest of Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Doughty C. C. , Scheer W. P. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Applications of potassium gibberellate (KGA3) combined with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) or 2.4.5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TP) increased fruit set, reduced the number of aborted berries, increased yield, and shortened length of harvest period when applied at full bloom to ‘Dixi’ blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Compared with untreated ‘Jersey’ blueberry plants, succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) applied 2 weeks before full bloom reduced yield in comparison to SADH applied 2 weeks after full bloom but had no effect on fruit size or time of harvest.
‘Sir Prize’ Apple1
Authors: Williams E. B. , Janick Jules , Emerson F. H. , Dayton D. F. , Mowry J. B. , Hough L. F. , Bailey C. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Sir Prize’ is a yellow, russet-free apple with immunity to apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. The fruit is large and ripens along with ‘Golden Delicious’. It is released as a home garden cultivar.
Bud Opening of Chrysanthemums after Long Term Storage1
Authors: Kofranek Anton M. , Halevy Abraham H. , Kubota John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Buds of standard chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cvs. Albatross and Fred Shoesmith) from 5 to 12 cm in diameter were cut with 60 cm stems and stored at low temperatures (−0.5 to 1.5°C) for up to 5 weeks. Flower buds were opened in sucrose solutions containing 25 ppm silver nitrate and 75 ppm citric acid. Small size buds developed flat heads when stored over 2 weeks; the disc florets failed to develop fully. Leaves which are normally free of necrosis when opened in sugar solutions developed desiccation injury after long storage. The flat shape of the inflorescence can be prevented by storing large buds (10-12 cm); however, botrytis becomes a major problem on the exposed ray florets.
Studies on the Reduction of Seed Number in Mandarins1
Authors: Feinstein B. , Monselise S. P. , Goren R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studies of pollen germination, stigmatic treatments and a field experiment were conducted in an attempt to decrease seed number of mandarin-type fruits (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Dancy and C. reticulata Blanco cv. Temple). Gibberellin (GA3) in the medium inhibited germination only above 250 ppm; cycloheximide inhibited it at 0.1 ppm. Treatments of the above and other compounds applied to stigmatic surfaces decreased either set or yield. Field treatments with 20 ppm GA at early- or mid-bloom or 150 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applied when fruitlets were 5 or 10 mm in diameter alone or in combinations, decreased seed number to 72% for ‘Dancy’ and 82% for ‘Temple’. Effects of NAA were greater than for GA. Neither treatment caused thinning. Instead, fruit number and yields increased, while fruit size decreased slightly. Bioassays of NAA-treated fruitlets showed residual active NAA 25 days after spraying as well as an increase in native gibberellin-like activity which was highest in NAA + GA-treated fruitlets.
Air Flow Rates Influence CO2 Production of Apple Fruits, Potato Tubers and Onion Bulbs1
Authors: Lougheed E. C. , Franklin E. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
CO2 production of apple fruits, potato tubers, and onion bulbs was consistently higher at flow rates of 150 or 75 ml/minute than at 15 ml/minute with production at the 2 higher rates being similar.
Aluminum Mulch Increases Quality and Yield of ‘Orleans’ Apples1
Authors: Moreshet S. , Stanhill G. , Fuchs M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Covering the ground between the hedge rows of an ‘Orleans’ apple orchard with a laminated plastic film vacuum-coated with aluminum significantly increased the average weight, diameter, color and sugar content of fruit harvested from the lower half of the canopy. The total weight of fruit harvested per tree was not affected until the following season when a large increase was recorded.
A Rapid Method for Assessing Pine Vole Control in Orchards1
Authors: Byers R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A rapid method for assessing the presence of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) in experimental plots was based on an apple activity test. This test was easily adapted to surveying the effect of grower applied treatments.
Chlorophacinone (CPN) was superior to Endrin ground sprays for pine vole control in an orchard where Endrin had been used annually for over 10 years. Low levels of CPN at 0.112, 0.056, and 0.028 kg/ha (0.1, 0.5, 0.025 lb./acre) did not give adequate control of pine voles, and 0.224 kg/ha (0.2 lb/acre) appeared to be the lowest possible dosage level for control.
Evaluating Resistance of Apple Fruits to Four Insect Pests1
Authors: Goonewardene Hilary F. , Kwolek W. F. , Dolphin R. E. , Williams E. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Methods of evaluating resistance of apple fruit to 4 insect pests were established by modifying existing rearing procedures. When ‘Jonathan’ was used as the check cultivar and an adjustment was made for variation between trays among checks, it was possible to separate selections that were significantly more resistant from randomly selected samples of apple genotypes. We found 9.7 22.9, 32.3, and 17.0% of the selections tested against the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), and redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), respectively, had significantly less damage than the check.
Influence of Wounding and Chilling on Rooting of Pear Cuttings1
Authors: Young M. J. , Westwood M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Disbudded ‘Old Home’ × ‘Farmingdale’ (OH × F) pear (Pyrus communis L.) cuttings rooted 96% before sufficient chilling to break rest and 84% after chilling. Rooting mass (as rated on a scale of 0 to 3) for disbudded cuttings was also less for chilled (1.22) than for nonchilled (1.94) cuttings. Disbudding of chilled cuttings reduced rooting significantly. Intemodal wounding failed to alter % rooting but reduced rooting masses for both nonchilled and chilled cuttings, relative to non-wounded controls. The rooting mass of nodally wounded chilled cuttings was suppressed even further.
Resistance to the Common Peach Tree Borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa Say) in Seedlings of ‘Rutgers Red Leaf’ Peach1
Authors: Chaplin C. E. , Schneider G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of ‘Rutgers Red Leaf peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) exhibited more resistance to the common peach tree borer than seedlings of ‘Siberian C’, ‘Harrow Blood’ and ‘New’.
Assessment of Some Red Raspberry Cultivars and Selections as Parents for Resistance to Spur Blight1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Pepin H. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Haida’ was the most effective of 15 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars or selections in transmitting spur blight (Didymella applanata (Niessl) Sac.) resistance to progeny. Inheritance of the resistance reaction was quantitative and predominantly additive in nature.
Ethylene-induced Ripening in Attached rin Fruits, a Non-ripening Mutant of Tomato1
Authors: Mizrahi Yosef , Dostal Herbert C. , Cherry Joe H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) or ethylene gas to attached rin fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) induced ripening as measured by lycopene development, fruit softening, increased total soluble solids, and promotion of normal tomato flavor.
Response of Brussels Sprouts to Chemical Pinching with Fatty Alcohols and Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids1
Authors: Vereecke M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three commercial formulations containing methyl esters of fatty acids or fatty alcohols were applied to field grown Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. Gemmifera group) to determine if manual topping could be eliminated. The most effective material was Emgard 2077, a combination of methyl esters of fatty acids (4% C8, 94% C9, 2% C10). Topscore plants treated once with 24% Emgard 2077 when the first 5-6 sprouts were 0.5 cm in diameter were taller, produced fewer sprouts but had much higher yields with no significant difference in percentage of waste compared to plants manually topped.
‘Sunlite’ Nectarine1
Authors: Sharpe R. H. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Sunlite’, a yellow-fleshed, freestone nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), is adapted to areas with relatively mild winters. It has been tested and liked by growers. Fruit shipments have been well received on the Northeastern U.S. markets.
Environmental Horticulture in Illinois
Authors: Meyer Martin M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Illinois with over 11 million people (83% urban) is the population leader and leading consumer of environmental plants in the Midwest. Illinois' considerable wealth is derived from a diversified industrial and agricultural base of which environmental horticulture plays an important role. The Illinois Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant and Apiary Protection lists over 900 certified plant nurseries with about 10,000 ha in production and over 2500 certified dealers in nursery stock. The production nurseries are widely distributed but tend to cluster around highly populated areas (see map). Many of the nurseries range in size from 0.1 to 10 ha and grow and sell for local consumption, but several are retail and wholesale establishments of 100-500 ha and sell nationally as well as locally. Illinois requires diverse landscape plant materials for its 384 miles from Wisconsin to Kentucky. This large geographic area results in a diversity of climate and soil types which means specialty crops do well in certain areas.
4-H Horticulture in Maryland
Authors: Gouin Francis R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is said that only horns, teats, feathers, and manes can attract 4-H’ers. This may be true in some states, but in Maryland, 4-H’ers are attracted to thorns, milkweed, eggplants, and horsenettle as well as apples, tulips, and peas. To many, this may seem hard to believe, but horticulture is now one of the most popular activities in our 4-H program.
Propagation of Tall Bearded Irises by Tissue Culture1
Authors: Meyer M. M. , Fuchigami L. H. , Roberts A. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inflorescence slices of tall bearded iris (Iris sp.) regenerated callus in vitro on a modified Murashige-Skoog high salt medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/liter napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/liter kinetin. Callus pieces transferred to light initiated plantlets at their periphery and produced fuU-sized, true-to-type flowering plants when transplanted to soil.
Air Monitoring
Authors: Shenfeld L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Air quality monitoring is carried out in Canada and the United States by air pollution control agencies in order to:

provide information on the quality of the ambient air and determine long-term trends;
identify pollutants and their sources, and determine the effects of emission controls on air quality levels;
control episodes brought on by unique weather conditions by obtaining data on a real time basis and ordering emergency shutdowns of sources of pollution. Air pollution episodes during which hazardous air quality levels are reached may thus be prevented;
determine background levels to assist in determining the transport diffusion and fate of the pollutants emitted, and the chemical reactions which take place in the atmosphere;
research the effects of pollutants on health, property, and vegetation to enable the agencies to set meaningful air quality criteria and standards.
Experimental Exposures and Crop Monitors to Confirm Air Pollution
Authors: Ormrod D. P. , Adedipe N. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Observation of vegetation injury induced by exposure to air pollutants provides a simple and low cost means of monitoring pollutant emissions from a particular source as well as for determining the distribution of pollutants over a wide area. This use of plants has long been accepted and has been extensively reported (2, 7, 8, 14). However, many other environmental factors may also cause plant injury and their effects are often difficult to distinguish from pollution-induced damage (13). In addition, factors such as temperature, humidity, wind velocity, light, nutrition, water supply, and the presence of pesticides and other chemicals have all been shown to markedly influence plant sensitivity to air pollutants.
Monitoring, Detecting, and Effects of Air Pollutants on Horticultural Crops: Sensitivity of Genera and Species
Authors: Reinert Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Air pollutants influence the growth, yield and quality of many horticultural crops. It is difficult to determine and evaluate the impact of air pollution on the horticulture industry for the following reasons: The variable environments in which horticultural crops are grown markedly influence the amount of foliar injury caused by air pollutants. The large number of cultivars within horticultural crop species contribute to the magnitude of understanding necessary to evaluate pollutant effects. Genetic, morphological and physiological differences among species and cultivars within species also influence foliar injury and plant sensitivity. The amount of economic loss in horticultural crops due to air pollutants varies from year to year. This variation is probably most directly related to daily and seasonal variations in ambient concentrations of air pollutants. Horticultural crops may be subjected to high pollutant concentrations at different stages of plant maturity. These different stages of growth and development may be differentially affected by pollutant concentration and thus influence yield. Past estimates of crop yield losses have been based primarily on assessment of visual injury. Presently, there is a lack of suitable methodology to assess air pollution impacts under field conditions. Open-top chambers (40, 60) are an improvement but better techniques are needed. Finally, air pollution research is published in a variety of scientific journals and some of these references may not come to the attention of horticultural scientists.
Synthetic N-releasing Biodegradable Soil Conditioners1
Authors: Ennis D. M. , Kramer A. , Mazzocchi P. H. , Jameson C. W. , Bailey W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hexamethylenediamine adipate and the half amide of glutaric acid and hexamethylenediamine are biodegradable N-containing compounds with soil flocculating properties. Hexamethylenediamine adipate added to soil medium prior to sowing improved germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Manapal.)
Starch Content of Roots of ‘Kinnow’ Mandarin Trees Bearing Fruit in Alternate Years1
Authors: Jones W. W. , Embleton T. W. , Coggins C. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Starch in the roots of mandarin trees (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Kinnow) was drastically reduced by an “on” crop. This was related to prolonged bud dormancy, delayed spring growth and an “off’ crop the following year.
SADH-Cycloheximide Effects on Orange Fruit Abscission1
Authors: Rasmussen G. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ sweet orange fruit [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] explants responded to cycloheximide [CHI = 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl] glutarimide] by increased ethylene and cellulase production, which decreased fruit removal force (FRF). Succinic acid-2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (SADH) applied with CHI increased ethylene production in ‘Valencia’ but not ‘Hamlin’ oranges. Cellulase and FRF remained unchanged when ethylene was removed by reduced atmospheric pressure. Partially regreened ‘Valencia’ oranges responded to SADH plus CHI with increased ethylene production. This possibly indicated that more CHI penetrated the rind when SADH was applied. Mature ‘Pineapple’ sweet oranges sprayed with CHI did not respond to SADH treatments with increased ethylene production.
Concentration and Content of 14 Elements in Fruit of Pecan1
Authors: Sparks Darrell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentration and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, B, Cu, Zn, Al, Mo, Sr, and Ba in fruit of pecan (Carya illinoensis Koch) differed among kernel, shell, and shuck tissue. Relative to fruits harvested from other tree crops, element removal by nut harvest (21.0 to 22.5 kg/1200 kg dry wt of nuts per ha) was small. Potassium comprised about 58% of the total elemental content of the fruit. Approximately 70% of the total elemental content of the fruit is returned to the soil through the shuck.
Mineral Content and Iron Chlorosis of ‘Redhaven’ Peach Trees as Affected by Iron Source and Rate1
Authors: Rogers Ewell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sodium ferric ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxyphenylacetate) containing 6% metallic Fe (FeEDDHA) and hydrogen ferric ethylene bis (a-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylacetate) containing 6% metallic Fe (157HFe) increased Fe and decreased Mn concentration in leaves of ‘Redhaven’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Both chelates reduced Fe chlorosis, depressed leaf N concentration, and increased fruit size. FeEDDHA at 227 g per tree increased fruit yield. The two chelates reduced the leaf Mn:Fe ratio. There was no discernible treatment effect on P, K, or Zn concentration in the peach leaves or on trunk and shoot growth.