bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoothed aggregation for difficult stretched mesh and coefficient variation problems
Authors: Hu Jonathan J. , Siefert Christopher M. , Tuminaro Raymond S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFour adaptations of the smoothed aggregation algebraic multigrid (SA‐AMG) method are proposed with an eye toward improving the convergence and robustness of the solver in situations when the discretization matrix contains many weak connections. These weak connections can cause higher than expected levels of fill‐in within the coarse discretization matrices and can also give rise to suboptimal smoothing within the prolongator smoothing phase. These smoothing drawbacks are due to the relatively small size of some diagonal entries within the filtered matrix that one obtains after dropping the weak connections. The new algorithms consider modifications to the Jacobi‐like step that defines the prolongator smoother, modifications to the filtered matrix, and also direct modifications to the resulting grid transfer operators. Numerical results are given illustrating the potential benefits of the proposed adaptations.
A parallel finite volume method for incompressible and slightly compressible reactive flows
Authors: de Andrade Henrique C. C. , Ribeiro Fernando L. B. , Carlos Wrobel Luiz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, a parallel formulation of the finite volume method is presented for solving three‐dimensional, turbulent, mixed, reactive, and slightly compressible flows. It can also be used for incompressible laminar/turbulent flows. The method is designed for nonorthogonal meshes, and oscillations caused by the advective terms are treated by a deferred correction technique. The chosen finite volume scheme is cell centered. The studied fluid is a single‐phase multicomponent gas with Newtonian behavior. The focus is mainly on gas mixtures with predominance of N, since the chemical reaction of greatest interest is the combustion process in the air. The buoyancy is caused by the gradient of the specified mass, which is a function of the temperature and the composition of the gas mixture. The mathematical model uses an approximation for low Mach numbers, describing slightly compressible flows. The coupling between the fluid dynamic equations is given by the nonlinear Picard's method, with the pressure‐velocity coupling treatment given by the SIMPLE algorithm (semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equations). The complete mathematical model includes the sensitive enthalpy equation for the conservation of energy. The LES (large eddy simulation) model is used for modeling the turbulence. The chemical reactions are implemented using the EDC (eddy dissipation concept) and the EDM (eddy dissipation model) approaches. The parallel strategy is based on a subdomain‐by‐subdomain approach, and uses the MPI and OpenMP standards in a hybrid parallel scheme. Compressed data structures are used to store the matrix coefficients.
Analysis of the frequency distribution of five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the MTRRgene in a Chinese pediatric population with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Li Miao , Kong Xiao‐Yan , Wang Shu‐Mei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine the frequency distribution of five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1801394 A>G, rs1532268 C>T, rs162036 A>G, rs10380 C>T, and rs9332 C>T) of the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene, their effects on methotrexate (MTX) concentration, and the risk of relapse in a Chinese pediatric population with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).DesignThis was a retrospective single‐center study, and all analyses were exploratory.SettingPediatric Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.PatientsOne hundred and forty pediatric patients with ALL.InterventionAll patients were treated according to the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG)‐ALL 2008 protocol.Measurements and Main ResultsSerum MTX concentrations were measured using fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Genotyping of five SNPs was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Chinese children with ALL had a significantly lower frequency of rs1801394 G than European (EUR) and South Asian (SAS) populations; significantly lower frequency of rs1532268 T than American (AMR), EUR, and SAS populations; and significantly lower frequencies of rs162036 G, rs10380 T, and rs9332 T than African and AMR populations (p < 0.01). Seven haplotypes were observed, with the ACACC being the most common haplotype (49.9%) in our study. The median dose‐normalized concentrations of MTX in serum at 24 h in children with rs1532268 CT and TT genotypes were significantly higher than those with CC genotype (p = 0.04). Compared with children with AA‐CC‐AA‐CC‐CC diplotype, a significantly higher risk of relapse was observed in children with AG‐CC‐AA‐CC‐CC and AG‐CC‐AG‐CC‐CC diplotypes (p = 0.03 and 0.003, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study confirmed the ethnic differences in the distribution of MTRR rs1801394, rs1532268, rs162036, rs10380, and rs9332 polymorphisms. The rs1532268 polymorphism had greater effects on MTX disposition. The AG‐CC‐AA‐CC‐CC and AG‐CC‐AG‐CC‐CC diplotypes were significantly associated with higher risk of relapse of ALL.
PCNA from Thermococcus gammatolerans: A protein involved in chromosomal DNA metabolism intrinsically resistant at high levels of ionizing radiation
Authors: Marín‐Tovar Yerli , Serrano‐Posada Hugo , Díaz‐Vilchis Adelaida , Rudiño‐Piñera Enrique 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential protein for cell viability in archaea and eukarya, since it is involved in DNA replication and repair. In order to obtain insights regarding the characteristics that confer radioresistance, the structural study of the PCNA from Thermococcus gammatolerans (PCNATg) in a gradient of ionizing radiation by X‐ray crystallography was carried out, together with a bioinformatic analysis of homotrimeric PCNA structures, their sequences, and their molecular interactions. The results obtained from the datasets and the accumulated radiation dose for the last collection from three crystals revealed moderate and localized damage, since even with the loss of resolution, the electron density map corresponding to the last collection allowed to build the whole structure. Attempting to understand this behavior, multiple sequence alignments, and structural superpositions were performed, revealing that PCNA is a protein with a poorly conserved sequence, but with a highly conserved structure. The PCNATg presented the highest percentage of charged residues, mostly negatively charged, with a proportion of glutamate more than double aspartate, lack of cysteines and tryptophan, besides a high number of salt bridges. The structural study by X‐ray crystallography reveals that the PCNATg has the intrinsic ability to resist high levels of ionizing radiation, and the bioinformatic analysis suggests that molecular evolution selected a particular composition of amino acid residues, and their consequent network of synergistic interactions for extreme conditions, as a collateral effect, conferring radioresistance to a protein involved in the chromosomal DNA metabolism of a radioresistant microorganism.
Wafer‐Scale Demonstration of MBC‐FET and C‐FET Arrays Based on Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors
Authors: Xia Yin , Zong Lingyi , Pan Yu , Chen Xinyu , Zhou Lihui , Song Yiwen , Tong Ling , Guo Xiaojiao , Ma Jingyi , Gou Saifei , Xu Zihan , Dai Sheng , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng , Ye Yu , Bao Wenzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimentional semiconductors have shown potential applications in multi‐bridge channel field‐effect transistors (MBC‐FETs) and complementary field‐effect transistors (C‐FETs) due to their atomic thickness, stackability, and excellent electrical properties. However, the exploration of MBC‐FET and C‐FET based on large‐scale 2D semiconductors is still lacking. Here, based on a reliable vertical stacking of wafer‐scale 2D semiconductors, large‐scale MBC‐FETs and C‐FETs using n‐type MoS2 and p‐type MoTe2 are successfully fabricated. The drive current of an MBC‐FET with two layers of MoS2 channel (20 µm/10 µm) is up to 60 µA under 1 V bias. Compared with the single‐gate MoS2 FET, the carrier mobility of MBC‐FET is 2.3 times higher and the sub‐threshold swing is 70% smaller. Furthermore, NAND and NOR logic circuits are also constructed based on two vertically stacked MoS2 channels. Then, C‐FET arrays are fabricated by 3D integrating n‐type MoS2 FET and p‐type MoTe2 FET, which exhibit a voltage gain of 7 V/V when VDD = 4 V. In addition, this C‐FET device can directly convert light signals to an electrical digital signal within a single device. The demonstration of MBC‐FET and C‐FET based on large‐scale 2D semiconductors will promote the application of 2D semiconductors in next‐generation circuits.
Xenon Ion Implantation Induced Surface Compressive Stress for Preventing Dendrite Penetration in Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Yao Xuhui , Olsson Emilia , Wang Manman , Wang Jianan , Cai Qiong , Peng Nianhua , Webb Roger , Zhao Yunlong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have been thrust into the limelight for the revival of energy‐dense lithium metal batteries, but still face the challenge of failure caused by the dendrite penetration. Mounting evidence indicates that dendrite penetration is related to the mechanical failure in SSEs, which calls for mechanical engineering to tackle this problem. This work reports a proof of concept that ion implantation induced surface compressive stress enables resistance in the dendrite penetration. A deterministic sequential multiple ion energies implantation is used to generate compressive stress, with implanted Xe ions distributed in a range of 160–600 Å from the surface. The symmetric lithium cells show that pellets with an implantation dose of 1013 Xe cm−2 exhibit stable stripping/plating cycles and extended lifespan, while a lower dose of 1012 Xe cm−2 cannot create sufficient stress to prevent dendrite penetration, and an excessive dose of 1014 Xe cm−2 leads to structural destruction and a decrease in stress. This improved performance is attributed to the induced surface compressive stress balanced over crystal grains, which is confirmed by grazing incidence diffraction techniques. The author's efforts demonstrate the usefulness of surface compressive stress to suppress dendrite penetration, offering more insight into rational stress–strain engineering as opposed to empirical optimization.
Peptidomic analysis of mycobacterial secreted proteins enables species identification
Authors: Shu Qingbo , Rajagopal Meena , Fan Jia , Zhan Lingpeng , Kong Xiangxing , He Yifan , Rotcheewaphan Suwatchareeporn , Lyon Christopher J. , Sha Wei , Zelazny Adrian M. , Hu Tony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPulmonary disease arising from slow‐growing mycobacterial infections has emerged as an increasingly prevalent clinical concern over the past two to three decades. Proteins belonging to the family of ESAT‐6 secretion (Esx) systems play critical roles in the virulence of most pathogenic mycobacterial species and are associated with drug resistance. However, no clinical applications can detect and discriminate the expression of species‐specific variants of these proteins in clinical samples, such as early growth cultures, for rapid diagnosis of specific mycobacterial infections, which may require distinct interventions. Conventional immunoassay approaches are not suitable for this purpose due to the significant degree of conservation of Esx proteins among species. Herein we describe the development of a novel immunoprecipitation‐coupled mass spectrometry assay that can distinguish Esx proteins that are expressed by slow‐growing mycobacterial species commonly detected in clinical isolates. This approach uses custom antibodies raised against single semi‐conserved peptide regions in M. tuberculosis (Mtb) EsxB and EsxN to capture corresponding peptides from protein orthologs of mycobacteria associated with human respiratory infections, including Mtb, M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. gordonae, and M. marinum, to detect these species in standard clinical cultures at the first sign mycobacterial growth to allow rapid disease diagnosis.
A multimodal nanoparticles‐based theranostic method and system
Authors: Gannot Israel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a nanoparticles‐based system for the early detection of tumors, treatment under real‐time feedback, and monitoring. The building blocks of the system comprise a few modalities that are integrated into one powerful system which can operate at the patient's bedside in an outpatient clinic setting. The method relies on the unique characteristics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. It takes advantage of their ability to produce acoustical signals under alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and to produce heat under these same AMFs with different parameters. It utilizes the nanoparticles' coating for specific binding. The manuscript describes the various parts of this method for localization, source separation, confined heat elevation, triggering of cell death, and monitoring the response to treatment through fluorescence signaling. The entire system continues to evolve into a minimally invasive trans‐endoscopic set‐up.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Ergebnisse zu Studie 1
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Auswertung des Wissenstests zum pädagogisch-psychologischen Wissen wurden die Punktescores der zwanzig Einzelitems zu einem Gesamtscore addiert. Dieser konnte maximal 80 Punkte und minimal – 60 Punkte erreichen. In der Tabelle 10.1 sind die Verläufe der beiden Untersuchungsgruppen zwischen den Messzeitpunkten (T1 und T2) dargestellt.
Zusammenfassende Diskussion Ergebnisse von Studie 1
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Förderung von Motivation ist vor dem Hintergrund der besonderen motivationalen Bedingungen von Schüler*innen mit Schwierigkeiten beim Mathematiklernen ein wichtiges Element der alltäglichen Tätigkeit von Mathematiklehrkräften. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag dazu, die hinter motivationsförderlichem Lehrer*innenhandeln stehenden kognitiven und affektiv-motivationalen Dispositionen zu identifizieren und einen Ansatz für deren Förderung zu entwickeln. Auf Basis einer Anforderungsanalyse für die Motivationsförderung von Schüler*innen mit Schwierigkeiten beim Mathematiklernen in Fördersettings wurde theoriebasiert ein Modell der professionellen Kompetenz, motiviertes Lernen zu fördern entwickelt und begründet.
Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit wurden professionelle Kompetenzen von angehenden Mathematiklehrkräften zur Förderung von Mathematiklernen unter der Berücksichtigung individueller Motivation untersucht. Dazu wurde zunächst der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Förderung von mathematischen Kompetenzen und motivationalen Variablen sowie zur Unterrichtsqualität bei Schüler*innen mit Schwierigkeiten mit dem Mathematiklernen dargelegt und Grundsätze der Förderung dieser Schüler*innengruppe formuliert (s. Abbildung 2.3).
Mathematiklernen und Motivation bei Schüler*innen mit Lernschwierigkeiten
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungSchulische Lernprozesse sind abhängig von zahlreichen Faktoren. Helmke (2017) stellt mit dem Angebots-Nutzungs-Modell einen strukturellen Rahmen vor, der diese Zusammenhänge auf empirischer Basis in ein Bedingungsgefüge setzt (vgl. S. 71).
Studiendesign
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Beantwortung der dargestellten Forschungsfragen wurde ein komplexes Untersuchungsdesign entwickelt. Da der organisatorische Rahmen für beide Studien identisch ist, wird er nur in diesem Kapitel referiert. Die wichtigen Aspekte für die zweite Studie werden dann an entsprechender Stelle (Abschnitt 12.1) hervorgehoben.
Analytic and asymptotically flat hairy (ultra-compact) black-hole solutions and their axial perturbations
Authors: Bakopoulos Athanasios , Nakas Theodoros 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, we consider a very simple gravitational theory that contains a scalar field with its kinetic and potential terms minimally coupled to gravity, while the scalar field is assumed to have a coulombic form. In the context of this theory, we study an analytic, asymptotically flat, and regular (ultra-compact) black-hole solutions with non-trivial scalar hair of secondary type. At first, we examine the properties of the static and spherically symmetric black-hole solution — firstly appeared in [109] — and we find that in the causal region of the spacetime the stress-energy tensor, needed to support our solution, satisfies the strong energy conditions. Then, by using the slow-rotating approximation, we generalize the static solution into a slowly rotating one, and we determine explicitly its angular velocity ω(r). We also find that the angular velocity of our ultra-compact solution is always larger compared to the angular velocity of the corresponding equally massive slow-rotating Schwarzschild black hole. In addition, we investigate the axial perturbations of the derived solutions by determining the Schrödinger-like equation and the effective potential. We show that there is a region in the parameter space of the free parameters of our theory, which allows for the existence of stable ultra-compact black hole solutions. Specifically, we calculate that the most compact and stable black hole solution is 0.551 times smaller than the Schwarzschild one, while it rotates 2.491 times faster compared to the slow-rotating Schwarzschild black hole. Finally, we present without going into details the generalization of the derived asymptotically flat solutions to asymptotically (A)dS solutions.
Formalizing Geometric Algebra in Lean
Authors: Wieser Eric , Song Utensil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper explores formalizing Geometric (or Clifford) algebras into the Lean 3 theorem prover, building upon the substantial body of work that is the Lean mathematics library, . As we use Lean source code to demonstrate many of our ideas, we include a brief introduction to the Lean language targeted at a reader with no prior experience with Lean or theorem provers in general. We formalize the multivectors as the quotient of the tensor algebra by a suitable relation, which provides the ring structure automatically, then go on to establish the universal property of the Clifford algebra. We show that this is quite different to the approach taken by existing formalizations of Geometric algebra in other theorem provers; most notably, our approach does not require a choice of basis. We go on to show how operations and structure such as involutions, versors, and the $$\mathbb {Z}_2$$

Z
2

-grading can be defined using the universal property alone, and how to recover an induction principle from the universal property suitable for proving statements about these definitions. We outline the steps needed to formalize the wedge product and $$\mathbb {N}$$
N
-grading, and some of the gaps in that currently make this challenging.
Schrödinger-improved Boussinesq system in two space dimensions
Authors: Ozawa Tohru , Tomioka Kenta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the Cauchy problem for the Schrödinger-improved Boussinesq system in a two-dimensional domain. Under natural assumptions on the data without smallness, we prove the existence and uniqueness of global strong solutions. Moreover, we consider the vanishing “improvement” limit of global solutions as the coefficient of the linear term of the highest order in the equation of ion sound waves tends to zero. Under the same smallness assumption on the data as in the Zakharov case, solutions in the vanishing “improvement” limit are shown to satisfy the Zakharov system.
Hodge ideals of free divisors
Authors: Castaño Domínguez Alberto , Narváez Macarro Luis , Sevenheck Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the Hodge filtration on the sheaf of meromorphic functions along free divisors for which the logarithmic comparison theorem holds. We describe the Hodge filtration steps as submodules of the order filtration on a cyclic presentation in terms of a special factor of the Bernstein–Sato polynomial of the divisor and we conjecture a bound for the generating level of the Hodge filtration. Finally, we develop an algorithm to compute Hodge ideals of such divisors and we apply it to some examples.
Moderate shading did not affect barley yield in temperate silvoarable agroforestry systems
Authors: Vaccaro Christina , Six Johan , Schöb Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith climate change and an increasing global human population, the concept of agroforestry is gaining economic and environmental interest. The practice of growing trees and crops on the same land is mainly applied in (sub)tropical climate and rarer in temperate areas where farmers fear decreased understorey crop yields due to competition with trees. However, whether competition is stronger below- (soil moisture, nutrients) or aboveground (light) in a temperate silvoarable agroforestry system (AFS) is not clear. The effects of different treatments of light, water and nutrient availability on crop production in two temperate AFS in Central Switzerland were investigated, where summer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown as understorey crop under 90%, 40% and 0% shade nets, with and without irrigation and/or fertilisation in a fully factorial design. Yield was reduced by 26% under heavy shade; yield reductions under moderate shade were not significant. Fertilisation and irrigation increased crop yield by 13% and 6–9%, respectively, independent from shade. Individual seed mass was significantly increased by fertilisation from an average of 0.041 g (± 0.008 SD) in unfertilised treatments to an average of 0.048 g (± 0.010) in fertilised treatments. Fertilisation had the biggest impact on total seed number (p < 0.001) with on average 36 (± 26) seeds per individual in unfertilised plots and 61 (± 33) in fertilised plots. This study demonstrates that moderate shade (as can be expected in modern AFS) was not a major limiting factor for barley yield in these two AFS in Switzerland, indicating that AFS with appropriate management combined with suitable selection of understorey crops are an option for agricultural production in temperate regions without significant yield losses.
Multicriteria interpretability driven deep learning
Authors: Repetto Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep Learning methods are well-known for their abilities, but their interpretability keeps them out of high-stakes situations. This difficulty is addressed by recent model-agnostic methods that provide explanations after the training process. As a result, the current guidelines’ requirement for “interpretability from the start” is not met. As a result, such methods are only useful as a sanity check after the model has been trained. In an abstract scenario, “interpretability from the start” implies imposing a set of soft constraints on the model’s behavior by infusing knowledge and eliminating any biases. By inserting knowledge into the objective function, we present a Multicriteria technique that allows us to control the feature effects on the model’s output. To accommodate for more complex effects and local lack of information, we enhance the method by integrating particular knowledge functions. As a result, a Deep Learning training process that is both interpretable and compliant with modern legislation has been developed. Our technique develops performant yet robust models capable of overcoming biases resulting from data scarcity, according to a practical empirical example based on credit risk.