bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted Pleistocene–Holocene range and connectivity declines of the vulnerable fishing cat and insights for current conservation
Authors: Petersen Wyatt Joseph , Savini Tommaso , Chutipong Wanlop , Kamjing Anucha , Phosri Kitipat , Tantipisanuh Naruemon , Ngoprasert Dusit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimIdentifying appropriate conservation measures requires a reasonable understanding of a species' population status, distribution and vulnerability. However, for many species, these variables may not be understood under the context of current conditions alone. Here, we assess the potential role historical changes in climate, sea level and anthropogenic activity may have had on the distribution of one of the world's least‐understood wild cats and identify broader implications for conservation efforts that may not be apparent from just an examination of the species' current distribution.LocationTropical Asia.TaxonFishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus).MethodsWe used a presence‐only ecological niche model and a least‐cost graph‐based connectivity model to characterize the species' bio‐climatic niche and predict changes in suitability and connectivity under current and paleoenvironmental conditions.ResultsFishing cat occurrence was associated with landscapes that were low in elevation and high in topographic wetness and climates that were warm with moderate annual precipitation and moderate seasonal variation in both temperature and precipitation. Since the Last Interglacial, the area predicted to be climatically suitable has ranged from 5.9 million km2 during the Last Glacial Maximum to 2.2 million km2 during the Current Era. Changes in regional connectivity correlated with changes in suitable area for all periods except the Current Era. Relative connectivity of areas affected by past sea level rise was highest in areas with large alluvial plains, emergent coastal areas and deltas.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that the fishing cat's current distribution and vulnerability can be explained by a synergistic combination of historical climate change, sea level rise, and anthropogenic land‐use change. Changes in suitability and connectivity over time highlight potential core areas that are underrepresented by historical survey efforts. Future survey efforts should include these areas, with an emphasis on quantifying tolerances to anthropogenic disturbances.
Toward Argument‐Based Fairness with an Application to AI‐Enhanced Educational Assessments
Authors: Huggins‐Manley A. Corinne , Booth Brandon M. , D'Mello Sidney K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe field of educational measurement places validity and fairness as central concepts of assessment quality. Prior research has proposed embedding fairness arguments within argument‐based validity processes, particularly when fairness is conceived as comparability in assessment properties across groups. However, we argue that a more flexible approach to fairness arguments that occurs outside of and complementary to validity arguments is required to address many of the views on fairness that a set of assessment stakeholders may hold. Accordingly, we focus this manuscript on two contributions: (a) introducing the argument‐based fairness approach to complement argument‐based validity for both traditional and artificial intelligence (AI)‐enhanced assessments and (b) applying it in an illustrative AI assessment of perceived hireability in automated video interviews used to prescreen job candidates. We conclude with recommendations for further advancing argument‐based fairness approaches.
A novel technique in reducing sebum production and improving atrophic acne scars
Authors: Sirithanabadeekul Punyaphat , Leetrakulwanna Visanee , Suwanchinda Atchima 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveFractional microneedling radiofrequency (FMR) has gained popularity for the treatment of acne scars, owing to favorable outcomes and short downtimes. This study aimed to investigate FMR use in reducing facial sebum production and treating acne scars.Materials and MethodsThis single‐center, prospective, evaluator‐blinded trial compared sebum production after three sessions of FMR (Fractora® 24‐pin coated tip) performed one‐month apart. Results were evaluated with a sebumeter (Cutometer®), sebaceous gland histology, and subjects' assessment. Acne scars were graded according to the Echelle d'Evaluation clinique des Cicatrices d'acné scale, Goodman and Baron's qualitative grading system, acne scar volume measurement, and subjects' assessments.ResultsSebumeter results revealed a significantly decreased (p < 0.05) sebum production since the first treatment, sustained throughout the study period. Histological assessment showed decreased density and size of sebaceous glands. The mean acne scar volume decreased significantly, without a significant increase in the mean melanin levels.ConclusionFractora® 24‐pin coated tip can be used as an alternative for patients with acne scars, who wish to concomitantly reduce their facial oiliness. A significant decrease in facial oiliness and acne scars' volume can be seen after a single treatment session, with up to 15.48% decrease in facial oil production.
Political tournaments and regional growth‐enhancing policies: Evidence from Chinese prefectures
Authors: Bai Yu , Li Yanjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a performance‐based promotion mechanism that rewards economic growth, we demonstrate how local governments' chiefs are incentivized to make policy decisions favored by upper‐level offices. Using annual data from prefectures in China, we find evidence that in response to a higher level of competition in the geographic cluster, local chiefs implement several growth‐enhancing policies. These include prioritizing investment in public infrastructure over redistributive spending and allocating additional resources in the core regions, relative to the cross‐jurisdictional borders. We also find that these policies lead to further regional growth. The results remain consistent even when we instrument the endogenous political replacements with the sudden death of chiefs, and when we use various measures for the effectiveness of chiefs. This evidence suggests that relative performance evaluation plays an essential role in the political system of China.
Evaluation of real‐life clinical outcomes in Australian youth with type 1 diabetes on hybrid closed‐loop therapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Vijayanand Sathyakala , Stevenson Paul G , Broad Elizabeth , Davis Elizabeth A , Taplin Craig E , Jones Timothy W , Abraham Mary B 
Published: June 2022

AimTo determine the clinical outcomes and evaluate the perspectives of children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents managing their child on hybrid closed‐loop (HCL) therapy.MethodsChildren with T1D on HCL attending a tertiary diabetes centre between April 2019 and July 2021 were included. A retrospective analysis of glycaemic data was conducted to determine the clinical outcomes. Time spent in closed loop, time in target glucose range (TIR 3.9–10 mmol/L), hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months post‐HCL. User experience was assessed by questionnaires administered to parents of children with T1D.ResultsSeventy‐one children, mean (SD) age of 12.2 (3.2) years were commenced on HCL. Ten (14%) discontinued HCL use, with 60% discontinuing within the first 6 months. Glycaemic outcomes were analysed in 52 children. Time spent in closed loop was 78 (21) % at 4 weeks, declined to 69 (28) % at 3 months (P = 0.037) and 63 (34) % at 6 months (P = 0.001). The mean %TIR increased from 59.8 at baseline to 67.6 at 3 months and 65.6 at 6 months with a mean adjusted difference of 7.8% points [95% CI 3.6, 11.9] and 5.5% points [95% CI 1.4, 9.5], respectively. There was a reduction in time > 10 mmol/L and time < 3.9 mmol/L from baseline to 6 months. Although families faced challenges with technology, better glucose control with reduced glycaemic fluctuations were reported.ConclusionsHCL therapy is associated with improved glycaemia; however, adequate support and education are required for best outcomes.
Population genetics of a lethally managed medium‐sized predator
Authors: Slater K. , de Jager D. , van Wyk A. M. , Dalton D. L. , Kropff A. S. , du Preez I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobally, levels of human–wildlife conflict are increasing as a direct consequence of the expansion of people into natural areas resulting in competition with wildlife for food and other resources. By being forced into increasingly smaller pockets of suitable habitat, many animal species are at risk of becoming susceptible to loss of genetic diversity, inbreeding depression and the associated inability to adapt to environmental changes. Predators are often lethally controlled due to their threat to livestock. Predators such as jackals (black backed, golden and side striped; Canis mesomelas, C. aureus and C. adustus, respectively), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (C. latrans) are highly adaptable and may respond to ongoing persecution through compensatory reproduction such as reproducing at a younger age, producing larger litters and/or compensatory immigration including dispersal into vacant territories. Despite decades of lethal management, jackals are problematic predators of livestock in South Africa and, although considered a temporary measure, culling of jackals is still common. Culling may affect social groups, kinship structure, reproductive strategies and sex‐biased dispersal in this species. Here, we investigated genetic structure, variation and relatedness of 178 culled jackals on private small‐livestock farms in the central Karoo of South Africa using 13 microsatellites. Genetic variation was moderate to high and was similar per year and per farm. An absence of genetic differentiation was observed based on STRUCTURE, principal component analysis and AMOVA. Relatedness was significantly higher within farms (r = 0.189) than between farms (r = 0.077), a result corroborated by spatial autocorrelation analysis. We documented 18 occurrences of dispersal events where full siblings were detected on different farms (range: 0.78–42.93 km). Distance between identified parent–offspring varied from 0 to 36.49 km. No evidence for sex‐biased dispersal was found. Our results suggest that in response to ongoing lethal management, this population is most likely able to maintain genetic diversity through physiological and behavioural compensation mechanisms.
Validation of an instrument assessing certified nurse–midwives' attitudes toward breastsleeping
Authors: Bishop‐Royse Jessica , Mueller Wiesemann Lucy , Simonovich Shannon D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo date, attitudes toward breastsleeping among certified nurse–midwives caring for postpartum women are not well known. This study describes the validation procedures of two instruments assessing the attitudes of certified nurse–midwives toward breastsleeping. These tools were validated using an 18‐item survey administered to a convenience sample of certified nurse‐midwives. Participating certified nurse‐midwives were recruited for anonymous participation in an online survey in September–November 2019. Factor analysis and parallel analysis each revealed a two‐factor solution, suggesting that there were two main concepts representing the attitudes of certified nurse‐midwives toward breastsleeping: breastsleeping safety and breastfeeding experience. Statistically significant differences for mean breastsleeping safety scores were noted by age group, place of practice, and United States' geographical region.
Is bolus or continuous enteral feeding better in critically ill children: An evidence‐based review
Authors: Littler Hayley , Tume Lyvonne N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInadequate nutrition can lead to increased morbidity and mortality for mechanically ventilated children in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Enteral feeding can either be delivered by gravity bolus (intermittent) feeding or continuously via a pump and in UK PICUs variable practice exists. This evidence‐based review therefore aimed to examine the evidence surrounding the two feeding methods for ventilated children, to determine whether one provides better enteral nutrition. Four papers were included, three randomized controlled trials and a systematic review, which provide conflicting evidence. There is some suggestion that bolus feeding may be superior in medical children on PICU to achieve their energy and protein goals faster, however, the clinical significance of the results is questionable and further research is needed to identify whether one method of feeding can impact on patient outcomes.
A group of CLE peptides regulates de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kang Jingke , Wang Xuening , Ishida Takashi , Grienenberger Etienne , Zheng Qian , Wang Jing , Zhang Yonghong , Chen Wenqiang , Chen Mengmeng , Song Xiu‐Fen , Wu Chengyun , Hu Zhubing , Jia Lingyu , Li Chen , Liu Chun‐Ming , Fletcher Jennifer C. , Sawa Shinichiro , Wang Guodong 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Known for their regulatory roles in stem cell homeostasis, CLAVATA3/ESR‐RELATED (CLE) peptides also function as mediators of external stimuli such as hormones. De novo shoot regeneration, representing the remarkable plant cellular plasticity, involves reconstitution of stem cells under control of stem‐cell regulators. Yet whether and how stem cell‐regulating CLE peptides are implicated in plant regeneration remains unknown.

By CRISPR/Cas9‐induced loss‐of‐function studies, peptide application, precursor overexpression, and expression analyses, the role of CLE1–CLE7 peptides and their receptors in de novo shoot regeneration was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana.

CLE1–CLE7 are induced by callus‐induction medium and dynamically expressed in pluripotent callus. Exogenously‐applied CLE1–CLE7 peptides or precursor overexpression effectively leads to shoot regeneration suppression, whereas their simultaneous mutation results in enhanced regenerative capacity, demonstrating that CLE1–CLE7 peptides redundantly function as negative regulators of de novo shoot regeneration. CLE1–CLE7‐mediated shoot regeneration suppression is impaired in loss‐of‐function mutants of callus‐expressed CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and BARELY ANY MERISTEM1 (BAM1) genes, indicating that CLV1/BAM1 are required for CLE1–CLE7‐mediated shoot regeneration signaling. CLE1–CLE7 signaling resulted in transcriptional repression of WUSCHEL (WUS), a stem cell‐promoting transcription factor known as a principal regulator of plant regeneration.

Our results indicate that functionally‐redundant CLE1–CLE7 peptides genetically act through CLV1/BAM1 receptors and repress WUS expression to modulate shoot‐regeneration capacity, establishing the mechanistic basis for CLE1–CLE7‐mediated shoot regeneration and a novel role for CLE peptides in hormone‐dependent developmental plasticity.
miR156‐independent repression of the ageing pathway by longevity‐promoting AHL proteins in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rahimi Arezoo , Karami Omid , Balazadeh Salma , Offringa Remko 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Plants age by developmental phase changes. In Arabidopsis, the juvenile to adult vegetative phase change (VPC) is marked by clear heteroblastic changes in leaves. VPC and the subsequent vegetative to reproductive phase change are promoted by SQUAMOSA PROMOTOR BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE (SPL) transcription factors and repressed by miR156/157 targeting SPL transcripts.

By genetic, phenotypic, and gene expression analyses, we studied the role of the longevity‐promoting AT‐HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED 15 (AHL15) and family members in SPL‐driven plant ageing.

Arabidopsis ahl loss‐of‐function mutants showed accelerated VPC and flowering, whereas AHL15 overexpression delayed these phase changes. Expression analysis and tissue‐specific AHL15 overexpression revealed that AHL15 affects VPC and flowering time directly through its expression in the shoot apical meristem and young leaves, and that AHL15 represses SPL2/9/13/15 gene expression in a miR156/157‐independent manner. The juvenile traits of spl loss‐of‐function mutants appeared to depend on enhanced expression of the AHL15 gene, whereas SPL activity prevented vegetative growth from axillary meristem by repressing AHL15 expression.

Our results place AHL15 and close family members together with SPLs in a reciprocal regulatory feedback loop that modulates VPC, flowering time, and axillary meristem development in response to both internal and external signals.
MYC transcription factors coordinate tryptophan‐dependent defence responses and compromise seed yield in Arabidopsis
Authors: Guo Qiang , Major Ian T. , Kapali George , Howe Gregg A. 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Robust plant immunity negatively affects other fitness traits, including growth and seed production. Jasmonate (JA) confers broad‐spectrum protection against plant consumers by stimulating the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins, which in turn relieves repression on transcription factors (TFs) coincident with reduced growth and fecundity. The molecular mechanisms underlying JA‐mediated decreases in fitness remain largely unknown.

To assess the contribution of MYC TFs to growth and reproductive fitness at high levels of defence, we mutated three MYC genes in a JAZ‐deficient mutant (jazD) of Arabidopsis thaliana that exhibits strong defence and low seed yield.

Genetic epistasis analysis showed that de‐repression of MYC TFs in jazD not only conferred strong resistance to insect herbivory but also reduced shoot and root growth, fruit size and seed yield. We also provided evidence that the JAZ–MYC module coordinates the supply of tryptophan with the production of indole glucosinolates and the proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum bodies that metabolise glucosinolates through the action of β‐glucosidases.

Our results establish MYCs as major regulators of growth‐ and reproductive–defence trade‐offs and further indicate that these factors coordinate tryptophan availability with the production of amino acid‐derived defence compounds.
The importance of the motor system in the development of music‐based forms of auditory rehabilitation
Authors: Zendel Benjamin Rich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHearing abilities decline with age, and one of the most commonly reported hearing issues in older adults is a difficulty understanding speech when there is loud background noise. Understanding speech in noise relies on numerous cognitive processes, including working memory, and is supported by numerous brain regions, including the motor and motor planning systems. Indeed, many working memory processes are supported by motor and premotor cortical regions. Interestingly, lifelong musicians and nonmusicians given music training over the course of weeks or months show an improved ability to understand speech when there is loud background noise. These benefits are associated with enhanced working memory abilities, and enhanced activity in motor and premotor cortical regions. Accordingly, it is likely that music training improves the coupling between the auditory and motor systems and promotes plasticity in these regions and regions that feed into auditory/motor areas. This leads to an enhanced ability to dynamically process incoming acoustic information, and is likely the reason that musicians and those who receive laboratory‐based music training are better able to understand speech when there is background noise. Critically, these findings suggest that music‐based forms of auditory rehabilitation are possible and should focus on tasks that promote auditory–motor interactions.
Standard volume infusion unmasked diastolic dysfunction in pediatric heart transplant recipients during surveillance cardiac catheterization, but without echocardiographic correlates
Authors: Biddix Ben , Hainstock Michael , Vergales Jeffrey , Shorofsky Michael , Conaway Mark , Mutters Tracey , McCulloch Michael A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdult experience evaluating left ventricular diastolic function (LVDFx) includes volume administration during catheterization while obtaining pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (PCWP) or left ventricular end diastolic pressures (LVEDP). Catheterization is inherently challenging in pediatric patients, making echocardiographic assessment ideal. Pediatric echocardiographic studies predicting LVDFx have variable hemodynamic and hydration conditions and have produced inconsistent results. We evaluated the association between simultaneous echocardiographic and catheterization assessment of LVDFx, using a fluid bolus for optimal loading conditions.MethodsProspective cohort study of pediatric heart transplant recipients receiving echocardiogram simultaneous with routine cardiac catheterization. Mitral valve inflow velocities, septal and lateral wall tissue Doppler indices, and PCWP and/or LVEDP were obtained and repeated following a 10 ml/kg bolus. Echocardiographic parameters were evaluated for an association with changes in PCWP or LVEDP following the bolus. Abnormal LVDFx was defined as PCWP or LVEDP ≥12 mm Hg.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients underwent catheterization. Median pre‐bolus PCWP and LVEDP were 11.0 mm Hg and 10.0 mm Hg, respectively. After bolus, median PCWP and LVEDP increased to 14.0 mm Hg (p < .001) and 13 mm Hg (p < .001), respectively. Of 21 patients with normal pre‐bolus catheterization hemodynamics, 14 (66.7%) increased to abnormal following fluid bolus. Using area under an ROC, no echocardiographic parameter of LVDFx, or their ratios, were associated with predetermined abnormal LVEDP and/or PCWP.ConclusionAfter bolus, our cohort demonstrated significant increases in LVEDP and/or PCWP, unmasking diastolic dysfunction. Fluid challenges should be considered in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with suspected diastolic dysfunction. Echocardiographic measurements were unable to discriminate between normal and abnormal LVEDP and/or PCWP.
Use of antimicrobials in Chilean Salmon farming: Facts, myths and perspectives
Authors: Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben , Mancilla Marcos , Miranda Claudio D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChile is the second largest producer of salmon (only behind Norway), and high amounts of antimicrobials are used during the marine stage, mainly florfenicol. Intensive antimicrobials use is a relevant concern, prompting the urgent need for use reduction and advancements towards more restricted, efficient application. This review describes the historic and current use of antimicrobials in Chilean salmonid farming. Further covered is the experimental evidence reported to date, thus providing a clearer understanding for the pathogenic nature of Piscirickettsia salmonis—the most important bacterial pathogen and the main target of antimicrobials used in the Chilean industry. This review also assesses research exploring the impacts of antimicrobial treatment on the environment, as well as investigations on the antibiotic susceptibility of salmonid pathogens. This review of the scientific literature contributes to a more unbiased appraisal of the current situation in Chile. Unfortunately, various previous reports dealing with/on the antimicrobial use in the Chilean salmon farming industry have been arrived to insufficiently supported conclusions, thus the present review aims to clarify outdated or poorly substantiated information and assumptions in existing literature. The consequences of antimicrobials in fish farming are covered by this review, which is particularly relevant considering potential impacts on aquatic environments. Focus is given to the selection and spread of drug‐resistant bacteria and associated resistance‐encoding genes. Finally, herein are provided several recommendations from a One Health perspective for decreasing amounts of used antimicrobials, effectively controlling primary bacterial fish pathogens, developing proper prevention strategies and reducing the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.