bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Maintenance of Highway Cover Labelling for Distance Queries on Large Dynamic Graphs
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Wang Qing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Graphs in real-world applications are typically dynamic that undergo rapid changes in their topological structure over time by either adding or deleting edges or vertices. However, it is challenging to design algorithms capable of supporting updates efficiently on dynamic graphs. In this paper, we devise a parallel fully dynamic labelling method to reflect changes on graphs for efficient shortest-path distance computation, a fundamental problem in graph theory. At its core, our solution accelerates query processing through a fully dynamic distance labelling with a limited size but providing a good approximation to bound online searches on dynamic graphs. Our parallel fully dynamic labelling method leverages two sources of efficiency gain: landmark parallelism and anchor parallelism. Furthermore, it can handle both incremental and decremental updates efficiently using a unified search approach and a bounded repairing inference mechanism. We theoretically analyze the correctness, labelling minimality and time complexity of our method, and also conduct extensive experiments to empirically verify its efficiency and scalability on 10 real-world large networks.
Allelochemicals-based expansion of Elsholtzia densa Benth. hindering plants’defense function: case study of Hordeum vulgare L.
Authors: Zhou Xijie , Xiao Yunxing , Ma Danwei , Xie Yusi , Wang Yu , Zhang Hong , Wang Yanan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background The root extracellular trap (RET) comprising root border cells (RBCs) and their secretions are plants' first line of defense to resist external stress. Since soil microorganisms are closely related to nutrient circulation, this study chooses a poisonous weed Elsholtzia densa Benth. (E. densa) in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) to explore the mechanism of its rapid expansion. Methods Bioassays and pure agar suspension air culture methods are used to determine the effects of the decomposing substances of E. densa on the RBCs characteristics of the plateau crop highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities, and soil bacteria, using microscopic techniques and biochemical analysis techniques.Results The decomposing allelopathic effect of the E. densa mainly occurs in the early stage of decomposing, with its decomposing solution thickening the RBC’s mucilage layer and decreasing the RBC’s activity and even apoptosis. The decomposed product of the E. densa changes the diversity of the soil bacterial and species composition, affects soil nutrient content, and increases the activities of various extracellular enzymes.Conclusions During the expansion, the E. densa releases allelochemicals to its surroundings interfering with the surrounding plants' defense function and directly inhibiting their growth. At the same time, the stubble's decomposition changes soil microbial activities, enriches the soil nutrients, and forms a self-interested soil environment. Eventually, the E. densa gains an edge over the competition.
Spatial and temporal rainfall variability in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Orozco-Montoya Ricardo A. , Penalba Olga. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rainfall in the moist Tropical Caribbean region (MTCR) in Costa Rica occurs practically throughout the year, with the quarters June–August (JJA) and December–February (DJF) concentrating over 70% of annual rainfall. On the other hand, in March–April and September–October, it rains below 100mm per month. This seasonal rainfall behavior makes the region ideal for producing bananas (Musa spp) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) for export (10% and 8% of total exports in 2021, respectively). A national-scale study determined that agriculture in the MTCR is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate changes. However, the climate in this region has been poorly studied so far. This research analyzed the spatial and temporal variability of annual, monthly, and seasonal (DJF, JJA, SO) rainfall in the MTCR and how they change in the study period based on quality-checked series of daily rainfall from 28 weather stations in two periods: 1985‒2009 and 1997‒2019. The results show that rainfall regimes in the region are variable in space and throughout the year, with peaks occurring close to the mountain range and minimum values close to the coast. Trends were statistically significant in the period 1985‒2009 with a predominance of significant positive trends in DJF, and significant negative trends in SO. No significant trends (positive or negative) were observed in the period 1997–2019. JJA rainfall has uneven regional distribution and presents a positive and significant trend in the mountain region. This paper contributes to filling the knowledge gap in rainfall seasonality, variability, and trends in a region where banana and pineapple commercial plantations are fundamental to the country´s economy thus providing information to decision-making in the agri-food sector to reduce the negative impacts of changing rainfall regimes.
An Association of CSF Apolipoprotein E glycosylation and amyloid-beta 42 in individuals who carry the APOE4 allele
Authors: Meuret Cristiana , Hu Yueming , Smadi Sabrina , Xian Haotian , Martinez Ashley , Krauss Ronald M. , Nedelkov Dobrin , Yassine Hussein N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carrying the Apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 allele is associated with an increased risk of cerebral amyloidosis, but the degree to which apoE glycosylation affects its development is not clear. In a previous pilot study, we identified distinct total and secondary isoform-specific cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) apoE glycosylation profiles, with the apoE4 isoform having the lowest glycosylation percentage (E2 > E3 > E4). In this work, we extend the analysis to a larger cohort of individuals (n = 106), utilizing matched plasma and CSF samples with clinical measures of AD biomarkers. The results confirm the isoform-specific glycosylation of apoE in CSF, resulting from secondary CSF apoE glycosylation patterns. CSF apoE glycosylation percentages positively correlated with CSF Aβ42 levels (r = 0.53, p < 0.0001). These correlations were not observed for plasma apoE glycosylation. CSF total and secondary apoE glycosylation percentages also correlated with the concentration of CSF small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles which we have previously shown to be correlated with CSF Aβ42 levels and measures of cognitive function. Desialylation of apoE3 purified from CSF showed increased binding affinity to heparin. These results indicate that apoE glycosylation has a new and important role in influencing brain Aβ metabolism and can be a potential target of treatment.
Effect modification of luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin hormone receptor gene variant (rs2293275) on clinical and biochemical profile, and levels of luteinizing hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Makhdoomi Mudassir Jan , Shah IdreesA. , Rashid Rabiya , Rashid Aafia , singh Saurabh , Shah Zaffar Amin , Ganie Mohd Ashraf 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifaceted endocrine disorder among reproductive women. Deranged luteinizing hormone levels and associated downstream signalling cascade mediated by its receptor luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) are pivotal in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. Genetic variations in the LHCGR have been associated with PCOS risk, however, the results are inconclusive. We evaluated association of LHCGR rs2293275 polymorphic variant with PCOS risk and its impact on clinicobiochemical features of PCOS.
Methods
120 confirmed PCOS cases and an equal number of age-matched controls were subjected to clinical, biochemical and hormonal investigations. Genotyping for rs2293275 was performed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) at 95%confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results
PCOS cases reported lower annual menstrual cyclicity, significantly higher BMI and Ferriman Galway score (p < 0.01). Levels of serum testosterone, TSH, FSH and indicators of glucose homeostasis were significantly deranged in cases than controls. Higher risk of developing PCOS was noted in GA (OR = 10.4, P < 0.0001) or AA (OR = 7.73, P = 0.02) genotype carriers and risk persisted in the dominant model (GA + AA) as well (OR = 10.29, P = 0.01). On stratification, a higher risk of developing PCOS was observed in variant genotype carriers who had a family history of either T2DM (OR = 117;p < 0.0001) or hirsutism (OR = 79;p < 0.0001). We also found a significant linear increase in the serum LH levels in the subjects carrying GA and AA genotypes.
Conclusion
In the present study, we report a significant association ofthe LHCGR rs2293275 variant with the PCOS risk.
Pathologists aren’t Pigeons: Exploring the neural basis of visual recognition and perceptual expertise in pathology
Authors: Anderson Sarah J. , Warren Amy L. , Abdullayeva Nia , Krigolson Olav , Hecker Kent G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Visual (perceptual) reasoning is a critical skill to many specialties of medical diagnosis, including pathology, diagnostic imaging, and dermatology. However, in an ever-compressed medical curriculum, learning and practicing this skill is often challenging. Previous studies (including work with pigeons) have suggested that using reward-feedback-based activities, novices can gain expert levels of visual diagnostic accuracy in shortened training times. But is this level of diagnostic accuracy a result of image recognition (categorization) or is it the acquisition of diagnostic expertise? To answer this, we measured electroencephalographic data (EEG) and two components of the human event-related brain potential - the reward positivity and the N170 - to further study the nature of visual expertise in a novice-expert study in pathology. We demonstrate that the amplitude of the reward positivity decreases with learning in novices (suggesting a decrease in reliance on feedback, as in other studies). However, this signal remains significantly different from the experts whose reward positivity signal did not change over the course of the experiment. We further show no change in the amplitude of the N170 - a reported neural marker of visual expertise - in novices over time and that their N170 signals remain statistically and significantly lower than experts throughout task performance. These data suggest that while novices gain the ability to recognize (categorize) pathologies through reinforcement learning, there is little change in the neural marker associated with visual expertise. This is consistent with the multi-dimensional and complex nature of visual expertise and provides insight into future training programs for novices to bridge the expertise gap.
The Influence of Dietary Components on Acne; A Case-Control Survey
Authors: MAHMOOD ATIYA , HANIF MUBASHRA , butt ghazala , zahoor mahwish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background Acne vulgaris affects millions of adults. Despite extensive research, its etiology pertaining to food remains elusive. Objective To assess the correlation between dietary intake and acne through a case-control survey of 300 respondents aged 15–25 years living in Pakistan. Method 150 acne patients and 150 age- and ethnicity-matched controls were subjected to a questionnaire. Using SPSS-22, cases and controls were separated and univariate analysis was done using chi-square test. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Adjusted odds ratio was used to assess the strength of association with 95% confidence interval. Results Most of the respondents were females (91.3%). Most(48.7%) acne patients were aged 20–25 years .Acne severity was mild in 50%, moderate in 34%, severe in 14% and very severe in 2%.Frequent low-fat foods (p < 0.001)(OR = 3.22),fat intake(p = 0.03)(OR = 1.629),sweet snacks i.e. biscuits and candies etc. (p = 0.013) (OR = 1.9254), soft drinks(p = 0.045)(OR = 1.9091),butter(p < 0.001) (OR = 1.8185),dairy products(p = 0.043)(OR = 0.624),salty foods(p = 0.011)(OR = 1.961),chocolate (p = 0.028)(OR = 1.669), were associated with increased acne risk. No association was found in terms of fried foods, desserts, fruit juices, raw fruit intake, fast foods, vegetables, cheese, soy product, salt intake and corn. Increased butter and chocolate consumption were linked to more severe forms of acne (p = 0.049 and p = 0.005 respectively). Most respondents (n = 218) thought they had healthy eating habits showing that they were not educated on dietary aspect of acne treatment. Conclusions Participants without acne had healthier eating habits. Dietary awareness is critical for convincing adolescents to reduce acne. Further studies must be conducted to develop a causative relationship between different dietary components and acne.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Protect Bone against Ovariectomy‑Induced Osteoporosis through ERK Signaling by Estrogen Receptor α
Authors: Qi Hui , Shen Enpu , Li Beibei , Wu Zhiwen , Jie Yongsheng , Zheng Rui , Shu Xiong , Chen Lei , Liu DANPING , Wu Cheng'ai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells (BMSC-Exos) are considered as candidates for osteoporosis (OP) therapy. Estrogen is critical in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. However, the role of estrogen and/or its receptor in BMSC-Exos treatment of OP, as well as its methods of regulation during this process remain unclear.Methods: BMSCs were cultured and characterized. Ultracentrifugation was performed to collect BMSC-Exos. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting were used to identify BMSC-Exos. We examined the effects of BMSC-Exos on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and cell cycle distribution of MG-63 cells. The protein expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were investigated through western blotting. We determined the effects of BMSC-Exos on the prevention of bone loss in female rats. The female SD rats were divided into three groups: the sham group, ovariectomized (OVX) group, and the OVX + BMSC-Exos group. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in the OVX and OVX + BMSC-Exos groups, while a similar volume of adipose tissue around the ovary was removed in the sham group. The rats in OVX+BMSC-Exos group were given BMSC-Exos after 2 weeks of surgery. Micro-CT scanning and histological staining were used to evaluate the in vivo effects of BMSC-Exos.Results: BMSC-Exos significantly upregulated the proliferation, ALP activity, and the ARS staining in MG-63 cells. The results of cell cycle distribution demonstrated that BMSC-Exos significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G2+S phase and decreased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase. Moreover, PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, downregulated the expression of ERα, which was promoted by administration of BMSC-Exos. Micro-CT scan showed that in the OVX+BMSC-Exos group, BMSC-Exos significantly promoted ERα expression, with ameliorated bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N), and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp). Additionally, the microstructure of the trabecular bone was preserved in the OVX + BMSC-Exos group compared to that in the OVX group.Conclusion: BMSC-Exos showed an anti-osteoporotic role in OVX rats both in vitro and in vivo, which may involve the ERα/ERK signaling pathway.
Inertial-Based Extragradient Algorithm for Approximating a Common Solution of Split Equilibrium Problems and Fixed Point Problems of Nonexpansive Semigroup
Authors: Nwawuru Francis O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a simple and easily computable algorithm for finding a common solution of split eqilibrium problems and fixed point problems in the framework of a real Hilbert space. New self-adaptive stepsizes are adopted for the avoidance of Lipschitz constants that are not practically implemented. Futhermore, inertial term is incorporated to speed up the rate of convergence, a condition which is very desirable in applications. A strong convergence is obtained under some mild assumptions, which is not limited to the fact that, the bifunctions are pseu-domonotone operators. This condition is quite better, weaker and more general than being strongly pseudomonotone or monotone. Our result improves and extends already announced results in this direction of research.
Short-term increase in clonal propagules following disturbance in a natural populationof Eremanthus erythropappus
Authors: Rocha Lucas Fernandes , Konzen Enéas Ricardo , de Carvalho Dulcinéia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and management of natural populations of tree species may interfere with their dynamics of reproduction. Eremanthus erythropappus is a native pioneer tree from Cerrado and Atlantic Forest as well as their transition zones, that usually reproduces by sexual means, that is producing seeds, but can also induce propagules through assexual propagation. Management of natural populations of E. erythropappus for their use in cosmetics and other industrial applications, however, threaten the species survival and may alter the reproduction patterns of the species. Here we used six microsatellite loci to investigate whether management of a natural stand increased clonality rates in comparison to an unmanaged area. Significant increase in clonality levels, as detected from multilocus genotypes, were observed in the managed stand, although some clonality was also detected in the unmanaged area. Through the interpretation of the richness index (R), managed regenerants showed higher levels of clonality (R = 0.293), followed by managed adults (R = 0.489). Significant aggregation was also detected, indicating that closer individuals in distance could also be identical genotypes. The association index revealed some extent of linkage disequilibrium generated by clonality. Therefore, our data showed that clonality rates are significantly augmented when E. erythropappus is subjected to management. This may have further negative impact on the genetic diversity of natural populations of the species and for its long term conservation in their environment of origin. Management practices should take into account the extent of clonality they can induce in natural stands of the species.
Analysis of the characteristics of road traffic injuries in Guangzhou, China, in 2014–2018
Authors: Lin Wei-Quan , Feng Xiang-Ning , Pan Le-Le , Yang Yun-Ou , Sun Min-Ying , Huang Ting-Yuan , Qin Fa-Ju , Wu Di , Lin Guo-Zhen , Liu Hui , Wang Chang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Guangzhou, China.Methods: RTI data for the period of January 2014–December 2018 were obtained from the Injury Surveillance System of Guangzhou. Multiple logistic regression modeling was conducted to estimate the risk factors of RTIs in Guangzhou.Results: A total of 19,124 RTIs were reported in 2014–2018. The RTIs occurred mainly in summer and autumn, particularly in August. The male-to-female ratio of RTIs was 1.59:1. Many RTIs involved 20-year-olds working as businesspersons or service staff. The RTIs included multiple site injuries (30.22%) and lower limb (25.95%) and head (21.98%) injuries. Most RTIs were contusions or scratches (67.57%) and had mild (76.12%) and moderate (20.88%) outcomes. Most RTI cases involved motorcycles (35.20%). Regression results showed that gender, age groups, months, census registration, occupation, and alcohol consumption were associated with RTIs in Guangzhou, China.Conclusion: The number of reported RTIs in Guangzhou increased year by year. The risk factors are male, 10–69 years of age, June to November, nonlocal residence registration, businesspersons or service staff, low education level, and alcohol consumption. The findings may help formulate scientific and effective preventive measures for enhancing road safety.
Association of IL-4 with pachychoroid neovasculopathy
Authors: Baba Takashi , Koyama Ayumi , Uotani Ryu , Miyake Hitomi , Inata Kodai , Sasaki Shin-ichi , Shimizu Yumiko , Inoue Yoshitsugu , Adachi Kaori , Nanba Eiji , Miyazaki Dai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify inflammatory cytokines that are associated with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with PNV, 145 eyes of 145 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration without pachyvessels, and 150 eyes of 150 normal subjects were examined for the levels of intracameral cytokines. In eyes with PNV, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and VEGF were significantly elevated compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis indicated highest association with pachyvessels was observed for IL-4, IL-2, and IL-1α. In eyes with PNV, IL-4, TNFα, IL-17, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1α, and IL-1β significantly increased choroidal thickness. Highest correlation with choroidal thickness was observed for IL-4. In PNV eyes with polypoidal lesions, the level of IL-4, IL-17, and TNFβ significantly correlated with the number of polypoidal lesions. We determined how the different disease characteristics of PNV were associated with the elevated cytokines. Of all these cytokines, IL-4 contributed significantly to the thickening of the choroidal vessels and to the formation of polypoidal lesions. We conclude that IL-4 is most likely involved in the establishing the clinical characteristics of PNV and polypoidal vascular remodeling. This may help to establish future therapeutic strategy for PNV.
HIV/AIDS Knowledge among secondary school students in Tanzania: A case of Missungwi district in Mwanza Region
Authors: Tungu Malale , Mpuya Maginya S. , Tesha Novatus A. , Paulo Heavenlight A. , Kagaigai Alphoncina , August Francis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Based on the latest UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic; about 34 million people worldwide are estimated to live with HIV and about 69% of them are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, people living with HIV/AIDS are estimated to be 1.6 million, of which, 1.3 million belong to the age of 15 years and above.
Broad Objective
The study aimed to assess the general knowledge of HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Misungwi district.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design was employed involving 330 students. Information concerning knowledge on causes, risk factors, transmission routes, signs and symptoms as well as preventive measures of HIV/AIDS was collected using a self-assessment structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using STATA. Mean and standard deviation summarized the numerical variables. Categorical variables were summarized using frequency and proportions. A linear regression model was used to determine the relationships between knowledge score and exposure variables. Multivariable were used to control for confounders. Significance level was set at 5%.
Results
Majority of students had the age of 16–18 years old. Male were 64% of the sample. The study found age, sex and level of classes had an influence the knowledge on symptoms, risk factors and general knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Age appeared to influence HIV symptoms, risk factors and general knowledge (p < 0.05). Age was negatively associated with knowledge.
Conclusion
The study found that age, sex and level of classes influence the general knowledge on HIV/AIDS, its symptoms and risk factors. Therefore, stakeholders should continue to provide HIV education to the youth of all ages and sex.