bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermediate uveitis
Authors: Al-Hujaili Haneen , AlAbduljabbar Khaled , AlAkeely Adel , Al-Dhibi Hassan A. 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the common causes of intermediate uveitis (IU) and outcomes of this disease in patients presenting to King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) in Riyadh, KSA.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study evaluated medical files of patients with IU was reviewed. A total of 109 patients were included in the study. The diagnosis followed the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria. Data analysis included personal data, etiology of IU, treatment, and complications.

RESULTS:
We identified 109 patients with IU. The mean age at diagnosis was 26.45 ± 15.31 years. Most were female (64.9%), and 86% were bilateral at presentation. The etiology of IU was idiopathic in 63.3%. Multiple sclerosis (MS) (19.3%) and tuberculosis (14.7%) were frequent systemic causes of IU. The pattern of complications included macular edema (42.1%), cataract (48.2%), and secondary glaucoma (30.7%); 28.9% of the patients had none of the complications. Treatment comprised topical, local, and systemic steroids, immunosuppressive agents, and biologics. The best-corrected visual acuity was better than 20/40 in 57.5% of the eyes after more than 10 years of follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrated that at KKESH, most of the IU cases were idiopathic or associated with MS and tuberculosis. Visual prognosis is favorable even with the long duration of IU and numerous complications.
Regression in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy treated with ziv-aflibercept monotherapy – short term study
Authors: Mishra Sai B. , Singh Sumit R. , Goyal Prakhar , Chakurkar Renuka , Govindhari Vishal , Goud Abhilash , Chhablani Jay 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) in the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and its efficacy in regard to polyp regression using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

METHODS:
This was a retrospective study of eight eyes of eight patients with treatment-naïve PCV. Patients received IVZ on pro re nata protocol. OCT and ICGA parameters were assessed at baseline and subsequent visits with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. ICGA was repeated at 3–6 months to determine the disease activity and quantify the changes in branching vascular network (BVN) polyps. Quantifiable OCT parameters included central macular thickness, pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height, and subfoveal choroidal thickness.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the study cohort was 62.3 ± 7.7 years, with a mean follow-up of 7.1 ± 1.2 months. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.70 ± 0.36 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen's equivalent 20/100) to 0.63 ± 0.34 (20/80) at last follow-up which was statistically insignificant (P = 0.5). Post IVZ injections (mean ± standard deviation: 2.6 ± 0.7), the total number of polyps reduced significantly from 3 ± 3.5 to 1 ± 1.7 (P = 0.03) along with a reduction in BVN size (3.9 ± 4.8 to 2.7 ± 3.8mm2; P = 0.07). OCT analysis revealed a significant reduction in PED height from 462.5 ± 353.8 μ to 169.9 ± 127.2 μ (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSION:
IVZ leads to significant morphological changes on ICGA and OCT in terms of polyp regression and reduction of PED height, respectively, with a limited change in visual acuity. IVZ may serve as a cost-effective alternative to treat eyes with PCV.
Safety of tropicamide and phenylephrine in pupillary mydriasis for cataract surgery
Authors: K. Lodhi Sikander A. , Ramsali Manjula V. , Kulkarni Dilip K. , Surender P. , Murty Srinivasa 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
A prospective study to evaluate the adverse cardiovascular effects of topical phenylephrine and tropicamide used for pupillary mydriasis before cataract surgery.

METHODS:
A total of 517 consecutive eyes in 517 patients subjected to routine 0.8% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine eye drops before undergoing cataract surgery (phacoemulsification and manual small-incision surgery) under local or topical anesthesia in a medical college hospital were analyzed.

RESULTS:
No untoward cardiovascular effects were seen. The increase in blood pressure after 0.8% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine eye drops was statistically significant, but it was not relevant as it was within clinically permissible limits.

CONCLUSION:
The combination of 0.8% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine eye drops is a safe and effective option for pupillary mydriasis before cataract surgery.
The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on eye pain and migraine headache caused by trochleitis
Authors: Kamali Ghazal , Nassiri Nariman , Rahmani Khaled 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
Trochleitis has been recognized as one of the causes of eye pain and migraine headaches. This study attempts to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on reducing eye pain and migraine headaches caused by trochleitis.

METHODS:
In this before-after clinical trial, out of 1100 clinically examined patients with eye pain and migraine symptoms, 33 patients were diagnosed with having trochleitis and trochleodynia confirmed by orbital magnetic resonance imaging images. Ibuprofen (400 mg/6–8 h) was prescribed to the subjects for 15–30 days. The main outcomes were a reduction in tenderness and pain that were evaluated 2 weeks, a month, and 6 months after the prescription. The data were analyzed by STATA (version 14) and using Wilcoxon and McNemar tests.

RESULTS:
The results revealed that 28 of the subjects (84.8%) experienced a significant reduction in tenderness 2 weeks after undergoing the treatment (P < 0.001). Standard deviation and average of headache scores before and after the treatment were 7.85 ± 1.75 and 0.64 ± 0.61 based on the visual analog scale. The difference between the pain scores before and after the treatment was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Clinical symptoms such as induration (P < 0.001), photophobia (P < 0.001), upward gaze (P < 0.001), and pain after reading (P < 0.001) were reduced significantly. Six months after the treatment, none of the mentioned symptoms was reported by the subjects.

CONCLUSION:
The findings revealed that noninvasive treatment (ibuprofen) has reduced eye pain, tenderness, and migraine headaches caused by trochleitis. What is important to mention is that trochleitis should be diagnosed properly.
One year outcomes of eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with ≥20/40 visual acuity treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents
Authors: Singh Sumit R. , Goud Nallamasa R. , Goud Abhilash , Sahoo Niroj K. , Narayanan Raja , Chhablani Jay 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
To report the 12 months outcomes of treatment naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in patients with ≥20/40 Snellen's best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

METHODS:
This was a retrospective study including eyes treated with monotherapy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and ziv-aflibercept) on a pro-re-nata (PRN) protocol. Photodynamic therapy using verteporfin (vPDT) was used as rescue therapy. The primary study objective was change in BCVA at 12 months. Secondary objectives included change in optical coherence tomography parameters: central macular thickness (CMT) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height, the mean number of injections, and treatment-free interval at 12 months.

RESULTS:
A total of 18 eyes of 18 patients (7 males, 11 females) were included. The mean age was 58.0 ± 12.0 years. BCVA at baseline and 12 months were 0.16 ± 0.08 (Snellen equivalent 20/30) and 0.15 ± 0.15 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/30), respectively. Twelve (66.6%) eyes either improved or maintained BCVA. Mean (±standard deviation [SD]) CMT at baseline and 12 months were 188.2 ± 61.1 μ and 161.7 ± 47.4 μ (P = 0.15), respectively. PED height improved to 236.4 ± 208.7 μ at 12 months (P = 0.05). The mean (±SD) number of injections was 3.28 ± 1.96 with a treatment-free period of 6.83 ± 3.63 months. Three eyes required vPDT (4 treatment sessions; mean: 1.33) as a rescue therapy through 12 months.

CONCLUSION:
PRN anti-VEGF monotherapy in real-life situations for the treatment of naïve PCV eyes with good visual acuity (≥20/40) achieves maintenance or improvement of visual acuity through 12 months follow-up.
Optical aberrations in three different intraocular lens designs of a same platform
Authors: A. Bartol-Puyal Francisco d. , Giménez Galadriel , Altemir Irene , Larrosa José M. , Polo Vicente , Pablo Luis 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
To compare internal optical aberrations between three different intraocular lenses (IOL) of the same Tecnis platform: monofocal ZCB00, multifocal ZMB00, and enlarged depth-of-focus (EDoF) Symfony ZXR00.

METHODS:
We included in this study 236 eyes of 118 patients who had been bilaterally implanted either with the monofocal, the multifocal, or the EDoF IOL. They were examined with the K1-RW wavefront analyzer (Topcon Medical Systems) 2 months after surgery. Patients with any ocular pathology were excluded from the study. Only high-order aberrations (HOA) of the third and fourth orders of the Zernike polynomials were considered.

RESULTS:
Forty-three patients (86 eyes) were implanted with the monofocal IOL, 45 patients (90 eyes) with the ZMB00 IOL, and 30 patients (60 eyes) with the EDoF Symfony IOL. Mean age was 62.42 ± 7.38, 63.60 ± 6.01, and 64.74 ± 5.84 years, respectively. Mean axial length was 23.37 ± 1.00, 23.49 ± 1.00, and 23.54 ± 0.73 mm, respectively. For a 6-mm pupil, internal total HOA in the monofocal group was 1.01 ± 1.75 μm; in the bifocal group was 1.35 ± 2.12 μm; and in the Symfony group was 0.72 ± 0.63 μm. No optical aberration differences were found among the three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
There are no differences regarding internal optical aberrations between these three IOLs when analyzing them with optical aberrometry. Patients’ pupil size should be considered for the selection of the most appropriate IOL to be implanted, because despite a same optical platform, every IOL implies a different increase of HOA with larger pupil sizes.
Determinants of Poor Outcome of Conduct Disorder among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Jayaprakash Raghavan , Sharija S , Anil Prabhakaran , Rajamohanan K 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Conduct disorder (CD) is a heterogeneous disorder with variations in symptomatology and outcome. Slightly more than half of CD ceases to meet the criteria for CD during late childhood or adolescence. Many studies had examined the factors that determine the outcome of CD. However, limited follow-up studies are available in the Indian context. The present study aims to identify the factors that determine the poor outcome of CD.

Materials and Methods:
This was a clinic-based follow-up study. The study population consists of 300 consecutive children between 6 and 18 years of age who satisfied the International Classification of Disease-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research guidelines for CD. Study setting was behavioral pediatrics unit under tertiary care pediatric department. Recruited children were intervened and followed up for 1 year. Initial and final scores of abnormal psychosocial situation, symptom severity, and functional level were assessed. A percentage of children who achieved clinically significant improvement were noticed. Determinants of poor outcome were identified by logistic regression.

Results:
Clinically significant improvement was observed among 64.51% of sample. Determinants of poor outcome were family history of single parent, alcoholism, domestic violence, and psychiatric illness and duration, initial severity, and type of symptoms and comorbidity.

Conclusions:
CD is amenable to intervention in the Indian setting. Early intervention will give good outcome. Among risk factors identified, four were socially modifiable factors.
Coronavirus Anxiety and Cyberchondria among Undergraduate Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sravani D. , Reddy C. Gowtham , Murthy P. S. , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Despite widespread rise in anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a paucity of studies of coronavirus anxiety and cyberchondria, which is searching for more health-related information, among medical students.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of coronavirus anxiety and cyberchondria in the context of COVID-19 in undergraduate medical students.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study done between August 24, 2020 and September 5, 2020. A total of 280 students have given consent to participate in the study by filling online self-designed questionnaire, coronavirus anxiety scale, and cyberchondria severity scale-12. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20 using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
Coronavirus-related anxiety was present in 55% of the students. Moderate and severe cyberchondria were seen in 39% and 50% of the students, respectively. Association between coronavirus anxiety and severity of cyberchondria was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Majority of the students spent >2 h in watching or reading COVID-19 related news.

Conclusions:
As significant number of medical students had anxiety and cyberchondria related to COVID-19, medical colleges have to implement necessary psychological interventions to safeguard the students' mental health.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprint of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Haliotidis
Authors: Zhao Qing , Song Shu-Yue , Zhang Meng-Qi , Li Xin , Liu Yang , Wang Chang-Yun 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Haliotidis, the dried muscle of abalone, has long been used as a marine traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its high medicinal and nutritive values, whereas few reports contributed to its quality control. This study aimed to establish the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of Haliotidis.

Materials and Methods:
The HPLC fingerprints of Haliotidis, the manufacturing products of dried muscle of abalone, were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC, using a YMC HPLC C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The gradient elution mode was applied with mobile phase starting from 5% acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution to 100% acetonitrile in 70 min at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 190 nm.

Results:
Through compared the HPLC fingerprint chromatograms of 14 batches of Haliotidis, 25 peaks were assigned as the characteristic common peaks, of which one index component L-phenylalanine was identified by comparison with its standard substance. The established HPLC fingerprint analysis method of Haliotidis was validated with good precision, repeatability, and stability. Based on the above study, a reference HPLC fingerprint chromatogram of Haliotidis was proposed.

Conclusions:
It is the first time to establish the HPLC fingerprint chromatogram of TCM Haliotidis, which could contribute to the establishment of its quality control system.
Primeira ocorrência de Lingulepis (Brachiopoda-Obolidae) no Devoniano do estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Bosetti Elvio Pinto , Horodyski Rodrigo Scalise , Zabini Carolina , Matsumura Willian Mikio Kurita , Godoy Luiz Carlos 
Published: February 2022

A fauna de braquiópodes da sucessão devoniana do estado do Paraná (Neolochkoviano – Frasniano) é de longa data conhecida. O presente trabalho registra uma espécie nova de braquiópode, Lingulepis wagoneri sp. nov. (Linguliformea – Lingulata – Obolidae) para a sucessão devoniana da bacia do Paraná, sendo esta a primeira ocorrência deste gênero no Brasil. Todos os espécimes estão preservados em siltitos escuros e folhelhos sílticos. Foram coletados em afloramentos dos municípios de Ponta Grossa e Tibagi, localizados na borda leste da bacia do Paraná.
A case of voluntary tail autotomy in the snake Dendrophidion dendrophis (Schlegel, 1837) (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae)
Authors: Hoogmoe Marinus Steven , Avila-Pires Teresa Cristina Sauer 
Published: February 2022

We report direct observation of voluntary tail autotomy in the Colubrid snake Dendrophidion dendrophis from Monte Dourado, Pará, Brazil. Voluntary tail autotomy for this species had been reported before, but the process itself never has been described.
Nota sobre predação de Passer domesticus (Aves, Passeridae) por Philodryas olfersii (Squamata, Dipsadidae) em uma área urbana na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Gleymerson Vieira Lima de , Dos Santos Ednilza Maranhão 
Published: February 2022

A presente comunicação relata um evento de predação no qual a serpente Philodryas olfersii preda a ave Passer domesticus. Esse registro foi verificado em uma área urbana da Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, no município de Nazaré da Mata, em 21 de junho de 2009.
Macrolobium Schreb. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Félix-da-Silva Maria Maricélia , Bastos Maria de Nazaré Do Carmo , Gurgel Ely Simone Cajueiro 
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho trata de um estudo taxonômico de Macrolobium na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, incluindo descrições, chave de identificação, usos e distribuição geográfica dos táxons. Foram identificados e estudados seis táxons: M. angustifolium, M. bifolium, M. brevense, M. campestre var. arboreum, M. huberianum var. huberianum e M. pendulum.
Reafirmación de valores éticos, morales y ecológicos en estudiantes de la carrera de medicina
Authors: Bencomo María Atocha Valdez , López Laura Sierra , Dávila Rosa María Guerra 
Published: February 2022

Actualmente se viven momentos desestabilizadores tanto en México como en el mundo, e igualmente en ellos están gestándose, grandes transformaciones, que van desde el calentamiento global, la economía, las guerras, los problemas en educación, las violencias y la inestabilidad familiar etc. Al respecto de la inestabilidad familiar, cabe mencionar que no es ajena, a lo que le circunda y le impacta desde todos los ámbitos. Tampoco pasan desapercibidos los espacio donde se elucubran y desarrollan las cosas y sucesos más transcendentales en los procesos de aprendizajes y transformación de los jóvenes en la vida. Ineludibles se vuelven estos espacios, para orientar a los jóvenes, así como necesario retomar y reafirmar nuevamente los valores. Sobre todo, en estos tiempos, que se habla de la ausencia de ellos (la desvalorización), en otras palabras, la pérdida de valores en los jóvenes.
Hoy en día, sin duda la mirada esta puesta en estas nuevas generaciones de jóvenes, estos como poseedores de una crítica constructiva en la que se refleja el ente solidario y autónomo, en jóvenes, capaces de contribuir a moldear un mundo sensible, armonioso y justo. Objetivo. Determinar los valores, con los que se identifican los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Material y método. El estudio de corte descriptivo. La población, estudiantes del primer semestre. El Instrumento, cuestionario de valores, aplicado a una población mixta de estudiantes. Los resultados, de 198 estudiantes de primer año, 83 (41.91%) hombres y 114 (57.59%) mujeres, 1 (0.5%) sin registro. Se obtuvieron 1011 menciones de valores, algunos estudiantes realizaron más de los 5 valores solicitados en el registro. De los 83 valores, seleccionaron 74. E incluyeron diez valores más que no estaban presentes en el cuestionario. Conclusión. Se refleja un estado de latencia en los estudiantes, no de ausencia en el manejo de valores.
Yonishaithilya (Perineal Laxity) - A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pournima Gadge  , Sunita Suman  , Sanket Nandekar  
Published: February 2022

Yonishaithilya is a common gynecological problem of women of contemporary era which has very important impact on female’s sexual function. This must not be taken lightly as they can adversely affect the quality of woman’s life. As per Brihatrayi, Yonishaithilya represents as a symptom of Mahayoni Yonivyapada, Vatala Yonivyapada, Phalini Yonivyapada and Karnini Yonivyapada, not as a separate disease. Etiology, sign, symptoms and treatment of Yonishaithilya resembles with perineal laxity. Perineal laxity is the condition where there is loosening of supporting structure of female pelvis, thereby allowing the descent of one or more pelvic organ through the lax vaginal introitus. Data Source: Brihatrayees and Laghutrayees, also from all contemporary textbooks, Relevant journals and Websites; Review method: Literary review; Objective:. This review article summarizes details of Yonishaithilya, current scientific researches and elaborates the various therapeutic procedure and drug formulations suggested in Ayurveda for the treatment of Yonishaithilya. Scope and Conclusion: Ayurveda gives various Panchakarma and Sthanik chikitsa like local application of Pichu, Snehana Swedana which are economical, easy and nonsurgical; many single plants; herbal formulations used traditionally which gives an eminent result in Yonishaithilya. Untreated Yonishaithilya may produces complications like pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence and may convert into 2nd or 3rd-degree prolapse where conservative treatment is not beneficial. In some cases, a patient has been advised for a hysterectomy but the patient is reluctant to undergo surgery. So, it is preferred to try Ayurvedic medicine which may be the step to avoid hysterectomy. So, it is necessary to treat it as early as possible.
Allergic Rhinitis: A Critical Modern Review
Authors: Narender Chanchal  , Smriti Kaul  , Riju Agrawal  , Daya Shankar Singh  
Published: February 2022

Allergic rhinitis addresses a hyperactivity of the resistant framework in any case harmless particles making a fiery reaction where none is required. Allergic Rhinitis is clinically represented by a mixture of two or additional nasal symptoms: running, blocking, itching and sneezing. Allergic rhinitis is regularly partitioned by age, seriousness, and duration of symptoms. Investigation represents how epidemiologic evaluations on the commonness of hypersensitive or allergic rhinitis shift considerably with whether both clinical appraisal and testing were utilized to make the determination. The treatment of allergic rhinitis should combine allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy. Treatments of allergic rhinitis include intranasal corticosteroids, oral and topical antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal cromolyn, intranasal anticholinergics. First-generation and Second-generation oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective modality for treating allergic rhinitis. Immunotherapy is an efficient immune-modulating treatment that ought to be counseled if pharmacologic medical care for allergic rhinitis isn't effective or not tolerated. This article provides an overview of the prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate management of the allergic rhinitis.