bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between vitamin D level and severity of prognostic markers in Egyptian COVID-19 patients: a cohort study
Authors: Ramadan Hala , Shennawy Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was announced a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization. The disease can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, polymerase chain reaction positivity, and the presence of ground-glass opacities on computed tomography (CT) scans.Recent studies have focused on the role of serum inflammatory markers that predict COVID-19, such as lymphocyte counts and C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, and D-dimer levels. Vitamin D is thought to reduce the risk of viral infections through several mechanisms.Our aim was to evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D level and inflammatory markers and severity in Egyptian patients with COVID-19 infection. Serum vitamin D level had a positive correlation with hemoglobin level and lymphocytes.As results, serum vitamin D had a negative correlation with serum ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer and was not correlated with CORAD scoring in the CT chest.In conclusion, serum vitamin D was inversely correlated with inflammatory markers (ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer) which mean that participants with symptoms of COVID-19 had a high level of inflammatory markers and a low level of vitamin D.Participants without symptoms of COVID-19 had normal inflammatory markers and normal vitamin D level.
Joint Final Report of EORTC 26951 and RTOG 9402: Phase III Trials With Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine Chemotherapy for Anaplastic Oligodendroglial Tumors
Authors: Lassman Andrew B. , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Polley Mei-Yin C. , Brandes Alba A. , Cairncross J. Gregory , Kros Johan M. , Ashby Lynn S. , Taphoorn Martin J.B. , Souhami Luis , Dinjens Winand N.M. , Laack Nadia N. , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C.M. , Fink Karen L. , French Pim J. , Macdonald David R. , Lacombe Denis , Won Minhee , Gorlia Thierry , Mehta Minesh P. , van den Bent Martin J. 
Published: June 2022

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the basis of the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. Anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors (AOTs) are chemotherapy-sensitive brain tumors. We report the final very long-term survival results from European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer 26951 and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9402 phase III trials initiated in 1990s, which both studied radiotherapy with/without neo/adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) for newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors. The median follow-up duration in both was 18-19 years. For European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer 26951, median, 14-year, and probable 20-year overall survival rates without versus with PCV were 2.6 years, 13.4%, and 10.1% versus 3.5 years, 25.1%, and 16.8% (N = 368 overall; hazard ratio [HR] 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.98; P = .033), with 1p19q codeletion 9.3 years, 26.2%, and 13.6% versus 14.2 years, 51.0%, and 37.1% (n = 80; HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.03; P = .063), respectively. For Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9402, analogous results were 4.8 years, 16.5%, and 11.2% versus 4.8 years, 29.1%, and 24.6% (N = 289 overall; HR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.03; P = .08), with codeletion 7.3 years, 25.0%, and 14.9% versus 13.2 years, 46.1%, and 37% (n = 125; HR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.94; P = .02), respectively. With that, the studies show similar long-term survival even without tumor recurrence in a significant proportion of patients after first-line treatment with radiotherapy/PCV.
Clinical Benefit and Expedited Approval of Cancer Drugs in the United States, European Union, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, and Australia
Authors: Hwang Thomas J. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Tibau Ariadna , Lee ChangWon C. , Vokinger Kerstin N. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE: Regulatory agencies have sought to speed up the review of new cancer medicines and reduce delays in approval between countries. We examined trends in regulatory review times and association with clinical benefit for new cancer medicines in six jurisdictions: United States (Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), European Union (European Medicines Agency [EMA]), Switzerland (Swissmedic), Japan (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency [PMDA]), Canada (Health Canada), and Australia (Therapeutic Goods Administration). METHODS: We studied all new cancer drugs approved in the six aforementioned jurisdictions from 2007 to 2020. We extracted all applicable expedited programs, total regulatory review times, and, for drugs first approved by the FDA, times to subsequent regulatory approval. Clinical benefit was assessed using the European Society for Medical Oncology-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale value framework and ASCO-Cancer Research Committee's targets. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare total review times for high versus low clinical benefit drugs. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty eight drugs received initial approval in at least one of the six included jurisdictions. Most drugs approved by the FDA (91%) and Health Canada (59%) qualified for at least one expedited program within those jurisdictions, compared with 46% of EMA approvals and 18% of PMDA approvals. The FDA was the first regulator to approve 102 (80%) drugs. Delays in submission accounted for a median of 20.2% (EMA) to 83.8% (PMDA) of the time to subsequent approval. There was no association between high clinical benefit and shorter total review times. CONCLUSION: Most new cancer therapies were approved first by the FDA, and delays in submission of regulatory applications accounted for substantial delays in approving cancer drugs in other countries. Regulators should prioritize faster review for drugs with high clinical benefit.
Clinical and Genomic Characterization of Bladder Carcinomas With Glandular Phenotype
Authors: Almassi Nima , Whiting Karissa , Toubaji Antoun , Lenis Andrew T. , Jordan Emmet J. , Won Helen , Regazzi Ashley M. , Chen Ying-Bei , Gopalan Anuradha , Sirintrapun Sahussapont J. , Fine Samson W. , Tickoo Satish K. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Pietzak Eugene J. , Cha Eugene K. , Goh Alvin C. , Donahue Timothy F. , Herr Harry W. , Donat S. Machele , Dalbagni Guido , Bochner Bernard H. , Teo Min Yuen , Funt Samuel A. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Reuter Victor E. , Bajorin Dean F. , Solit David B. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Iyer Gopa 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE To compare oncologic outcomes and genomic alteration profiles in patients with bladder and urachal adenocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma (UC) with glandular differentiation, and UC, not otherwise specified (NOS) undergoing surgical resection, with emphasis on response to systemic therapy. METHODS We identified patients with bladder cancer with glandular variants who underwent surgical resection at Memorial Sloan Kettering from 1995 to 2018 (surgical cohort) and/or patients who had tumor sequencing using a targeted next-generation sequencing platform (genomics cohort). Pathologic complete and partial response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival were measured. Alteration frequencies between histologic subtypes were compared. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients with bladder adenocarcinoma, 46 with urachal adenocarcinoma, 84 with UC with glandular differentiation, and 1,049 with UC, NOS comprised the surgical cohort. Despite more advanced disease in patients with bladder and urachal adenocarcinoma, no significant differences in recurrence or cancer-specific survival by histology were observed after adjusting for stage. In patients with UC with glandular differentiation, NAC resulted in partial (≤ pT1N0) and complete (pT0N0) responses in 28% and 17%, respectively. Bladder and urachal adenocarcinoma genomic profiles resembled colorectal adenocarcinoma with frequent TP53, KRAS, and PIK3CA alterations while the genomic profile of UC with glandular differentiation more closely resembled UC, NOS. Limitations include retrospective nature of analysis and small numbers of nonurothelial histology specimens. CONCLUSION The genomic profile of bladder adenocarcinomas resembled colorectal adenocarcinomas, whereas UC with glandular differentiation more closely resembled UC, NOS. Differences in outcomes among patients with glandular bladder cancer variants undergoing surgical resection were largely driven by differences in stage. Cisplatin-based NAC demonstrated activity in UC with glandular differentiation, suggesting NAC should be considered for this histologic variant.
Programmatic Efforts Increase Adoption of Genomic Precision Medicine in Cancer Care in a Community Cancer Center
Authors: Darabi Sourat , Braxton David , Homer Jeanne , Brodie Taylor , Holnagel Dori , Eisenberg Burton , Demeure Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE The adoption of precision medicine (PMed) depends on the critical curation of data and interpretation of genomic results. Herein, we sought to study the effect of a coordinated multidisciplinary program to assess results in a community cancer center clinic. METHODS In a retrospective review from July 2018 to July 2021, we analyzed the implementation of a multidisciplinary PMed program in a tertiary referral community cancer center. Germline genetics test results have been reviewed since 2017. RESULTS A total of 3,131 tumor samples were analyzed by large panel somatic genomic testing through commercial laboratories during the study period. The number of reviewed cases rose from 661 in the first year to 1,532 in year 3. Additional recommendations beyond what was reported by the commercial laboratory were made in 42.9% of cases. Referrals to the hereditary cancer program for germline testing increased by 32% from the 2017 baseline. Process improvement efforts reduced the rate of DNA quantity nonsufficient for testing to 3.3% compared with a national average of 4.89%. The average time from receipt of orders to issuing of a report of the somatic panel was 15.5 days, compared with 19.1 days for other institutions using the same laboratory. The PMed team has been critical in support of clinical research by assisting in trial procurement and feasibility assessment to the identification of patients for clinical trials. Conclusion The use of somatic genomic testing is increasing at our cancer center. Education and in-depth analysis of the data are valued by cancer physicians. The development and implementation of a PMed program has demonstrated improved physicians' understanding of molecular testing, resulting in improved outcomes for patients.
The Role of Kinship in Racial Differences in Exposure to Unemployment
Authors: Song Xi , Caswell Hal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Most studies on unemployment have assessed its individual-level costs. However, beyond its effects on individuals, unemployment incurs costs for their immediate families and extended kin. Close kin provide the majority of social support for unemployed adults. Applying demographic and statistical techniques to official statistics and using COVID-19 survey data on kinship and labor force experience, we assess the unemployment level and exposure to unemployment in the United States from a kinship perspective. The results indicate dramatic racial disparities in the number of unemployed kin and the number of kin affected by an unemployed person. Specifically, during the pandemic-induced recession, Black Americans had 1.7 unemployed people in their extended family compared with 1.2 among Whites. Further, every job loss in a Black extended family affected approximately 23 related members of the family through kinship ties, compared with approximately 20 among Whites. The racial gap in the number of unemployed kin is evident in all age-groups and escalates with age. This study's findings highlight the need to understand unemployment and its demographic implications, which are stratified by race.
Screening Anti-Asian Racism
Authors: Joubin Alexa Alice 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has exacerbated anti-Asian racism—the demonization of the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities as viral origins—in the United States. Offering strategies for inclusion and for identifying tacit forms of misogynistic racism, this article analyzes the manifestation of the ideas of yellow peril and yellow fever in recent films and television series. The spectatorial aspect of racism has both fetishized Asian bodies and erased Asianness from content creators' visual landscapes. These case studies reveal that racialized thinking is institutionalized as power relations in the cultural and political life, take the form of political marginalization of minority groups, and cause emotional distress and physical harm within and beyond the fictional universe.
“And This Is What He Did”
Authors: Teng Emma J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article asks how the category of “mixed race” can help us think through the recent spate of violence against Asian Americans, culminating in the Atlanta mass shootings of March 2021. It further reflects on a tension within mixed-race studies: whereas mixed-race theory, in its embrace of anti-essentialism and hybridity, bespeaks a certain hope and optimism, mixed race as a lens through which to view history brings us inescapably to violence. Tracing how the concept of mixed race threads through a history of violence in this country, the article demonstrates how misogyny and racial hatred toward Asians have long been intertwined. Recent anti-Asian hate crimes surface the continuities in the targeting of Asians as a source of pollution and contagion, and in representations of Asian women as a source of sexual “temptation” that must be restricted, prohibited, or eliminated. Finally, it is argued that the turn away from the post-racialism of the Obama era and the rise of a new white nationalism call our attention to a fundamental flaw in the very premise of mixed-race theory: that is, the category of “mixed race” simultaneously unlocks the liberatory potential of nonbinary identities and reifies the problematic category of race itself.
Certified Exercise Physiologists
Authors: Cooper Stephanie L. , Ward-Ritacco Christie L. , Maloney Tony , Collins P. Blaise 
Published: June 2022

Apply It!
After reading this article, the health and fitness professional should be able to
1) understand the knowledge and skills that certified exercise physiologists possess as a result of their educational background and ACSM Exercise Physiologist (EP) certification;
2) describe employment opportunities and common tasks for EPs;
3) identify the various populations that seek guidance from EPs; and
4) acknowledge the lack of representation of EPs in health care provider (HCP) networks.
The Use of Limb Blood Flow Occlusion for Rehabilitation and Performance
Authors: Rider Brian C. , Ditzenberger Grace L. , Cox Benjamin A. , Montoye Alexander H.K. 
Published: June 2022

Apply it!
• Gain a better understanding of the purpose of occlusion training, how to properly utilize it, and when to use it with your clients.
• Understand the contraindications to occlusion training and know some of the possible health risks associated with it.
Mapping of PET/CT-based regional nodes distribution of recurrent/advanced breast cancer and comparison with current delineation atlas
Authors: Zhang Maochen , Cao Lu , Chen Jiayi , Li Biao , Huang Xinyun , Cai Gang , Xu Cheng 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To localize the distribution of regional nodes in recurrent/advanced breast cancer patients based on 18-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) images and validate the coverage of clinical target volumes (CTVs) for regional nodes with current contouring guidelines. Methods: We enrolled 154 recurrent/advanced breast cancer patients with FDG-avid regional nodes who underwent PET/CT between January 2018 and June 2020. Involvement of lymph node regions including axillary lymph node level I-III (ALN-I, ALN-II, ALN-III), Rotter’s nodes (RN), medial supraclavicular (SC-M), lateral supraclavicular (SC-L) and internal mammary nodes (IMN) was recorded respectively. Coverage of the CTVs in different atlases and the locations of out-of-field were evaluated. Results: A total of 348 lymph node regions containing disease were identified, including ALN-I 109, ALN-II 46, ALN-III 36, RN 17, SC-M 68, SC-L 36 and IMN 36. Recurrent ALNs mainly located cranially and ventrally to the axillary vein (AV). Ipsilateral cervical nodes were simultaneously affected in 33/76 SC positive patients. RADCOMP (306/348) and RUIJIN (291/348) guidelines had higher coverage compared with RTOG (205/348) and ESTRO (202/348) guidelines (p < 0.001, respectively). In primary non-metastastic and recurrent patients, major missings located in SC-L (7/7, 17/17) and IMN (7/10, 15/19) for RTOG guideline while SC-L (7/7, 17/17) for ESTRO guideline (p < 0.001, respectively). Among recurrent patients, SC-M (22/31) was another major missing area for ESTRO guideline (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The current guidelines effectively cover most regional nodes in postoperative breast cancer patients. SC-L and IMN were the major missing regions. Recurrent ALNs were most often seen in cranial and ventral to the AV. The CTV of patients with clinically positive SC was recommended to extend up to the hyoid level. The CTVs should be adjusted based on risks of recurrence individually. Advances in knowledge: The difference of regional nodes delineation between current guidelines mainly located in SC and IMN regions. High axilla including subclavicular nodes and the RN above AV for recurrent patients and the region between cricoid and hyoid for positive SC patients should be meticulously contoured.
Deep learning-based identification of mesiodens using automatic maxillary anterior region estimation in panoramic radiography of children
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Hwang Jae Joon , Jeong Taesung , Cho Bong-Hae , Shin Jonghyun 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the performance of a model that automatically sets a region of interest (ROI) and diagnoses mesiodens in panoramic radiographs of growing children using deep learning technology. Methods: Out of 988 panoramic radiographs, 489 patients with mesiodens were classified as an experimental group, and 499 patients without mesiodens were classified as a control group. This study consists of two networks. The first network (DeeplabV3plus) is a segmentation model that uses the posterior molar space to set the ROI in the maxillary anterior region with the mesiodens in the panoramic radiograph. The second network (Inception-resnet-v2) is a classification model that uses cropped maxillary anterior teeth to determine the presence of mesiodens. The data were divided into five groups and cross-validated. Deep learning model were created and trained using Inception-ResNet-v2. The performance of the segmentation network was evaluated using accuracy, Intersection over Union (IoU), and MeanBFscore. The overall network performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Results: Segmentation performance using posterior molar space in panoramic radiographs was 0.839, IoU 0.762, and MeanBFscore 0.907. The mean values of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve for the diagnosis of mesiodens using automatic segmentation were 0.971, 0.971, 0.971, 0.971, and 0.971, respectively. Conclusions: The diagnostic performance of the deep learning system using posterior molar space on the panoramic radiograph was sufficiently useful. The results of the deep learning system confirmed the possibility of complete automation of the classification of mesiodens.
Deep supervised hashing for gait retrieval
Authors: Sayeed Shohel , Min Pa Pa , Ong Thian Song 
Published: June 2022

Background: Gait recognition is perceived as the most promising biometric approach for future decades especially because of its efficient applicability in surveillance systems. Due to recent growth in the use of gait biometrics across surveillance systems, the ability to rapidly search for the required data has become an emerging need. Therefore, we addressed the gait retrieval problem, which retrieves people with gaits similar to a query subject from a large-scale dataset. Methods: This paper presents the deep gait retrieval hashing (DGRH) model to address the gait retrieval problem for large-scale datasets. Our proposed method is based on a supervised hashing method with a deep convolutional network. We use the ability of the convolutional neural network (CNN) to capture the semantic gait features for feature representation and learn the compact hash codes with the compatible hash function. Therefore, our DGRH model combines gait feature learning with binary hash codes. In addition, the learning loss is designed with a classification loss function that learns to preserve similarity and a quantization loss function that controls the quality of the hash codes Results: The proposed method was evaluated against the CASIA-B, OUISIR-LP, and OUISIR-MVLP benchmark datasets and received the promising result for gait retrieval tasks. Conclusions: The end-to-end deep supervised hashing model is able to learn discriminative gait features and is efficient in terms of the storage memory and speed for gait retrieval.
Overtraining syndrome - what we already know
Authors: Bryliński Łukasz , Woliński Filip , Duda Piotr , Drożak Paulina , Kostelecka Katarzyna , Baj Jacek 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is a state of excess sportsmen's overload caused by too high an intensity of training. The main cause of OTS is too big a training load. Also, they are other risk factors like restrictive diets, inordinate stress, and inflated expectations of a family and a coach.
Description of the state of knowledge: despite numerous hypotheses like dysregulation of hypothalamus and pituitary, inflammatory hypothesis, and glycogen hypothesis the exact cause of OTS is not fully understood. None of these hypotheses explains completely all of the symptoms. In diagnosis, several laboratory tests are required to exclude other diseases. After it, because of possible systemic character diagnostic process of OTS is still problematic. One of the diagnostic methods relies on the measurement of hormone levels. Another potential diagnostic method is the measurement of saliva immunoglobulins and other anti-viral proteins. Also, the measurement of serum cell-free DNA can be used. After the onset of OTS, the most important treatment method is rest, which should last for 6-12 weeks or longer. Nowadays, treatment options are looking for shortenings this time. These options are anti-inflammatory drugs and repeated hypoxia-hyperoxia exposure combined with low-intensity training. Since the only well-established treatment method is prolonged rest, prevention is the most important aspect of OTS management. Adequate education of young athletes and their parents is also important.
Summary: Overtraining syndrome is a serious problem that concerns many athletes. This problem not only affects results and careers but also sportsmen’s life. Because of the wide scope of symptoms, which can be often nonspecific making the correct diagnosis can be difficult.