bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic variation in family support: African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non‐Latino Whites
Authors: Taylor Robert Joseph , Skipper Antonius D. , Cross Christina J. , Taylor Harry Owen , Chatters Linda M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined racial and ethnic differences in the receipt and provision of instrumental family support.BackgroundExtended families provide significant levels of emotional and instrumental support across the life course. Despite their importance, extended family relationships and the assistance they provide are largely neglected in the literature. Further, questions remain concerning cultural variation in family support relationships and inconsistent findings on racial differences in family support in prior investigations.MethodThis study relied on data from the National Survey of American Life‐Reinterview (n = 3483) to investigate the provision and receipt of instrumental support from extended family among African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non‐Latino Whites and within high‐ and low‐income categories for each group. Eight key measures of instrumental family support are examined: receiving and providing transportation, help with chores, financial assistance, and help during an illness.ResultsAfrican Americans and Black Caribbeans share similar profiles of providing and receiving instrumental family support. Both populations receive and provide assistance more frequently than do non‐Latino Whites. Similarly, analyses stratified by income indicated that for low‐income and high‐income groups, African American and Black Caribbeans are similar to one another, and at each income category, both groups received and provided support more frequently than non‐Latino Whites.ConclusionStudy findings are discussed in relation to conceptual and methodological differences in assessing Black–White differences across studies of family support. Attention to these issues and the specific contexts for receiving/providing family support (emergency vs. routine; intergenerational vs. extended) will help clarify inconsistent findings across studies.
Addressing diaper need as racial stratification through intersectional family justice
Authors: Randles Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo use racial stratification and intersectional family justice frameworks to analyze experiences of and efforts to address diaper need.BackgroundOne in three American families with infants and toddlers struggles with insufficient access to diapers, which can have negative social, physical, and economic implications for family well‐being. Prior research has yet to examine diaper need as a form of racial stratification, despite existing evidence of racialized prevalence.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with nonrandom samples of 70 mothers who experienced diaper need, including 61 mothers of color, and 40 diaper bank advocates. Qualitative abductive coding techniques were employed to identify how diaper need is experienced and framed as a form of racial stratification.ResultsMothers of color were more likely to report racialized stigma, stress, surveillance, and social exclusion associated with diaper need. Diaper bank advocates framed diaper assistance as necessary to address intersecting race, class, and gender inequalities of diaper distress.ConclusionConceptualizing diaper need and public responses as issues of racial stratification and intersectional family justice points to how family scholarship can center analyses of systemic oppression and privilege to optimize family and caregiving relationships and promote equitable pathways to well‐being for all families.ImplicationsThese findings reinforce the importance of racially just strategies for equalizing access to basic needs and caregiving resources in ways that account for the racist underpinnings of social problems like diaper need and related influences on parenting experiences.
Lichenoid areas may arise in early stages of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A long‐term study of 34 patients
Authors: Barba‐Montero Catalina , Lorenzo‐Pouso Alejandro Ismael , Gándara‐Vila Pilar , Blanco‐Carrión Andrés , Marichalar‐Mendía Xabier , García‐García Abel , Pérez‐Sayáns Mario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundProliferative verrucous leukoplakia is considered an uncommon oral potentially malignant disorder with a high malignant transformation rate. The objective of this paper was to define its cancer incidence and related risk factors.MethodsA retrospective audit of 34 patients diagnosed with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia from a university‐based unit, during the period from 1995 to 2019 was performed. The mean number of visits was 23 ± 18.6. The follow‐up was divided into four‐time intervals to evaluate the clinical presentation, number of lesions, dysplasia grade, and malignant transformation rate.ResultsThe majority of patients were females 29 (85.3%), with verrucous component (77.8%), with a gingival presentation (31.8%), and with a preceding lichenoid area (44.1%). Eleven patients (32.4%) were affected by oral cancer during the follow‐up, developing a total of 15 carcinomas. The mean age of malignant transformation was 67.2 ± 12.9 years, particularly 8 ± 8.5 from the onset of the lesions. Warty forms presented a higher mean estimate for malignant transformation (15.2 years, 95% confidence interval 4.4–26 years) than nodular forms (1.9 years, 95% confidence interval 1.9–1.9) (p = 0.019). Patients with an initial proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnosis suffered a higher risk of malignancy, particularly 15.55 times (95% confidence interval 1.69–143.17; p = 0.015) than those who did present a preceding area with lichenoid morphology.ConclusionProliferative verrucous leukoplakia presented a high malignant transformation rate and sometimes displayed preceding oral lichenoid areas in early stages. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of these lichenoid areas in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia progression.
Risk factors of paternal postnatal depression in Pakistan: Findings from an urban sample
Authors: Atif Maria , Halaki Mark , Chow Chin Moi , Raynes‐Greenow Camille 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPaternal postnatal depression is an emerging public health concern, with negative outcomes for men, their partners, and the newborn. There is a dearth of data on paternal postnatal depression in lower‐middle‐income countries like Pakistan. This study aimed to identify risk factors of postnatal depression in Pakistani men. Men who consented to this cross‐sectional study completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic information and Urdu translated versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 10–12 weeks postpartum. Descriptive analyses for the sociodemographic variables were calculated. Univariate analyses were conducted to calculate the relative risk and 95% confidence interval of the independent variables with an EPDS score of >10. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were performed for risk factors of paternal postnatal depression. Fifty‐one questionnaires were analyzed and 23.5% of the participants scored more than 10 on the EPDS. Spouse's EPDS score > 12, and own sleep disturbance were risk factors of paternal postnatal depression in Pakistani men. There is an imminent need to incorporate fathers in the existing and future perinatal mental health programs in Pakistan.
Frameworks for the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulation‐based nursing education: A scoping review
Authors: Salifu David Abdulai , Christmals Christmal Dela , Reitsma Gerda Marie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis scoping review was conducted to identify and describe constructs of frameworks and theories used to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulation in nursing education globally, with a focus on their applicability in low‐resource settings. Six electronic databases, three of which were on EBSCO Host (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ERIC), PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, as well as Google Scholar, were searched to retrieve studies published in the English language between 2012 and February 2022. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist, and was guided by Arksey and O′Malley's five‐step scoping review methodological framework. Data were extracted from five studies (four frameworks and a theory) and narratively synthesized. Hence, seven constructs were identified and described: context, background, simulation design, educational practices, facilitator, participant, and outcomes. The four frameworks and theory were developed in the context of developed countries, which reveals the lack of a context‐specific framework to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulation in nursing education in low‐resource settings. Given resource limitations and the apparent gaps in applying simulation‐based framework(s) developed in developed countries to low‐resource settings, the findings of this review underscored the need for a context‐specific framework that is locally tailored to the needs and resources of low‐resource settings, to promote access to and use of simulation in enhancing student learning, and the development of clinical competence.
Direct evidence supporting Darwin's hypothesis of cross‐pollination promoted by sex organ reciprocity
Authors: Simón‐Porcar Violeta I. , Muñoz‐Pajares A. Jesús , de Castro Alejandra , Arroyo Juan 
Published: May 2022

Summary

The floral phenotype plays a main role in the attraction and fit of pollinators. Both perianth traits and the positioning of sex organs can be subjected to natural selection and determine nonrandom mating patterns in populations. In stylar‐polymorphic species, the Darwinian hypothesis predicts increased mating success between individuals with sex organs at equivalent heights (i.e. with higher reciprocity).

We used paternity analyses in experimental populations of a stylar‐dimorphic species. By comparing the observed mating patterns with those expected under random mating, we tested the effects of sex organ reciprocity and perianth traits on mating success. We also analysed phenotypic selection on perianth traits through female and male functions.

The (dis)similarity of parental perianth traits had no direct effects on the mating patterns. Sex organ reciprocity had a positive effect on mating success. Narrow floral tubes increased this effect in upper sex organs. Perianth traits showed little signs of phenotypic selection. Female and absolute fitness measures resulted in different patterns of phenotypic selection.

We provide precise empirical evidence of the Darwinian hypothesis about the functioning of stylar polymorphisms, demonstrating that mating patterns are determined by sex organ reciprocity and only those perianth traits which are critical to pollinator fit.
Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase contributes to carbon fixation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum at low inorganic carbon concentrations
Authors: Yu Guilan , Nakajima Kensuke , Gruber Ansgar , Rio Bartulos Carolina , Schober Alexander F. , Lepetit Bernard , Yohannes Elizabeth , Matsuda Yusuke , Kroth Peter G. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Photosynthetic carbon fixation is often limited by CO2 availability, which led to the evolution of CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Some diatoms possess CCMs that employ biochemical fixation of bicarbonate, similar to C4 plants, but whether biochemical CCMs are commonly found in diatoms is a subject of debate.

In the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is present in two isoforms, PEPC1 in the plastids and PEPC2 in the mitochondria. We used real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and enzymatic assays to examine PEPC expression and PEPC activity, under low and high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).

We generated and analyzed individual knockout cell lines of PEPC1 and PEPC2, as well as a PEPC1/2 double‐knockout strain. While we could not detect an altered phenotype in the PEPC1 knockout strains at ambient, low or high DIC concentrations, PEPC2 and the double‐knockout strains grown under ambient air or lower DIC availability conditions showed reduced growth and photosynthetic affinity for DIC while behaving similarly to wild‐type (WT) cells at high DIC concentrations. These mutants furthermore exhibited significantly lower 13C/12C ratios compared to the WT.

Our data imply that in P. tricornutum at least parts of the CCM rely on biochemical bicarbonate fixation catalyzed by the mitochondrial PEPC2.
A significant other: Non‐canonical caspase‐4/5/11 inflammasome in periodontitis
Authors: Wang Zizheng , Chan Weicheng , Yue Yuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeriodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease characterised by the destruction of periodontal soft tissue and alveolar bone resorption, mainly triggered by plaque microbial infection. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by the pore‐forming gasdermin proteins, which resist the invasion of pathogens into the body's immune system. Many studies have found that pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of periodontitis. At present, most of these studies focused on the canonical pathway mediated by caspase‐1. Moreover, Gram‐negative bacteria's lipopolysaccharide has been shown to activate a new form of the non‐canonical inflammasome by directly binding to human caspase‐4/5 and mouse caspase‐11 in the cytosol. However, most of the functions of non‐canonical inflammasome are still gradually being studied. Therefore, in this review, we have summarised and analysed the existence and regulation mechanism of the non‐canonical inflammasome in periodontitis.
Detection of novel variant and functional study in a Chinese family with nonsyndromic oligodontia
Authors: Sun Ruiqing , Li Shuangying , Xia Bin , Zhu Junxia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the pathogenic gene of a patient with nonsyndromic oligodontia, and analyze its possible pathogenic mechanism.Subjects and methodsThe variant was detected by whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing in a family with oligodontia. Bioinformatic and structural analyses were used to analyze variant. Functional studies including western blotting and immunofluorescent analyses and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to explore the functional effects.ResultsWe identified a novel frameshift variant of PAX9 (c.491‐510delGCCCT‐ATCACGGCGGCGGCC, p.P165Qfs*145) outside the DNA‐binding domain causing an autosomal‐dominant nonsyndromic oligodontia in a Chinese family. Bioinformatic and structural analyses revealed that the variant is pathogenic and conserved evolutionarily, and the changes might affect protein stability or folding. Functional studies demonstrate dramatically reduced ability in activating transcription activity of BMP4 promoter and a marked decrease in protein production, as evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescent analyses.ConclusionsWe found a novel frameshift variant of PAX9 causing nonsyndromic oligodontia in a Chinese family. Our findings indicate that frameshift variants cause loss of function of PAX9 protein during the patterning of the dentition and the subsequent tooth agenesis, providing new molecular insights into the role of frameshift variant of PAX9 and broaden the pathogenic spectrum of PAX9 variants.
Negative effects of winter and spring warming on the regeneration of forest spring geophytes
Authors: Vangansbeke P. , Sanczuk P. , Govaert S. , De Lombaerde E. , De Frenne P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The climate is changing rapidly, provoking species to shift their ranges poleward and upslope. We currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the effect of warmer temperatures on plants, especially for seasonally distinct patterns. Spring geophytes are emblematic forest plants that have a short aboveground lifecycle in the first half of the year and are thus particularly sensitive to winter and spring warming.

We set up a warming experiment with separate and combined winter and spring warming on seedlings of three European spring geophytes: Anemone nemorosa, Hyacinthoides non‐scripta and Ornithogalum pyrenaicum. Seedling emergence and plant height were recorded at the end of winter and spring treatment, when also biomass of the root, shoot and storage organ was determined.

We found negative effects of combined winter and spring warming on seedling emergence. The weight of the storage organ proved to be the best indicator of seedling performance and was negatively affected by separate winter warming in Anemone and by spring warming in Hyacinthoides.

Successful seedling emergence was jeopardized by the absence of a cold period, while seedling performance seemed to be negatively influenced directly by higher temperatures through a phenological shift. Our findings confirm that warmer winter and spring temperatures could hamper regeneration of spring geophytes.
Information design of matching platforms when user preferences are bidimensional
Authors: Du Jinzhao , Lei Ying 
Published: May 2022

Companies that provide a two‐sided platform for users to proactively seek a match face great challenges in increasing matching efficiency and ensuring match quality. This paper examines how information designs can be used to improve matching outcomes when users derive utility from a match's vertical attribute (i.e., quality) and its horizontal attribute (i.e., idiosyncratic fit). We consider a game‐theoretic model in which competing senders propose matching requests to competing receivers and users on the two sides are differentiated both horizontally and vertically. We first demonstrate that users' preference for the vertical attribute intensifies competition and hurts matching efficiency, and to avoid competition a sender may switch from a close receiver to a distant receiver even when the weight that he places on a match's horizontal closeness increases. Second, we examine four information designs in which one type of information from one side of the market is withheld. Designs that withhold either side's vertical information increase the number of matches, with the improvement from withholding receivers' information being greater. By contrast, designs that withhold either side's horizontal information can cause all requests to concentrate on one receiver and lead to the most severe match failure. Third, an increase in matching volume comes at the expense of certain users' welfare, as withholding one side's vertical information can hurt not only high‐quality users on both sides but also the low‐quality users on the opposite side. Although withholding one side's horizontal information may increase the matching volume under certain conditions, it can be Pareto dominated by a design that withholds one side's vertical information. Fourth, when strategic user pricing is involved, it not only redistributes user welfare but also corrects for matching distortion. Finally, in contrast to the result when strategic pricing is absent, when strategic pricing is present the platform withholding one side's vertical information can benefit all users on the opposite side, while withholding one side's horizontal information can benefit all users on the same side.
Granulosa cell transcriptomic study reveals the differential regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs related to follicle development in goat
Authors: Meng Jinzhu , Zhao Yuanyuan , Lan Xianyong , Wang Shuilian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMammalian follicle development is a complex biological process regulated by several factors. More than 99% of the follicles in goat ovaries will be atresia and only a few will eventually mature and ovulate. To investigate the potential long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate the expression of genes associated with follicular dominance or atresia, RNA‐seq was performed on dominant follicles (DFs) and subordinate follicles (SFs) of granulosa cells from goats at the first follicular wave. A total of 92 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 676 differentially expressed mRNAs were detected in both types of follicles. The qRT‐PCR results were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing data. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs revealed that LHR and LDLR are associated with follicle dominance and are involved in the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. The co‐located mRNAs CALM2 and PPP1CA were significantly enriched during oocyte meiosis and in the cAMP and oxytocin signalling pathways. The co‐expressed mRNAs were significantly enriched in the oestrogen signalling pathway and in ovarian steroidogenesis and progesterone‐mediated oocyte maturation. A co‐expression network of lncRNAs, target genes and differentially expressed genes was constructed. Follicle development‐related genes, such as LDLR, NOTCH1 and FGF12, were included. These findings expand the lncRNA catalogue and provide a basis for further studies on the mechanism of regulating follicular development in goats.
TheMYBtranscription factorMYB103acts upstream ofTRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE‐LIKE27in regulating aluminum sensitivity by modulating theO‐acetylation level of cell wall xyloglucan inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wu Qi , Tao Ye , Huang Jing , Liu Yu Song , Yang Xiao Zheng , Jing Huai Kang , Shen Ren Fang , Zhu Xiao Fang 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYModification of theO‐acetylation level of xyloglucan (XyG) appears to affect aluminum (Al) sensitivity in Arabidopsis by modulating its binding capacity to Al. However, the transcriptional regulation of this process remains largely unknown. In our previous studies, we found that the expression ofTRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE‐LIKE27(TBL27), which is responsible for theO‐acetylation of XyG, was downregulated under Al stress. In the present study, we showed that the expression of an R2R3‐type transcription factor‐encoding gene,MYB103, was also inhibited by Al exposure and exhibited a co‐expression pattern withTBL27in roots and siliques, suggesting a potential link betweenMYB103andTBL27. The loss of function ofMYB103resulted in increased Al sensitivity, as indicated by more inhibited root growth and elevated root Al content compared with the wild type. Moreover, we also detected increased Al accumulation in the root cell wall and the hemicellulose fraction, which was attributed to the changes in theO‐acetylation level of XyG rather than the XyG content itself. In addition, further analysis revealed that MYB103 positively activatedTBL27expression by directly binding to theTBL27promoter region, andTBL27overexpression in themyb103mutant rescued the Al‐sensitive phenotype of the mutant to the wild‐type level. Taken together, we conclude that MYB103 acts upstream ofTBL27to positively regulate Al resistance by modulating theO‐acetylation of the cell wall XyG.