bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Wrinkling Vapor‐Deposited Polymer Films with Tunable Patterns
Authors: Enright Robert N. , Bradley Laura C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaterials with complex curvature and micro‐structured surface topography allow scientists to replicate surfaces observed in nature. Initiated chemical vapor deposition is used to grow polymer films on substrates of various 3D shapes which exhibit wrinkling during film growth, termed self‐wrinkling. Self‐wrinkling avoids separate film growth and compression steps and more‐closely mimics processes observed in nature. The self‐wrinkling process is elucidated on flat elastic substrates, revealing control over the amount of compressive stress by changing deposition conditions. Next, a study of films grown on liquid substrates with interface profiles that either resemble cylinders or contain repeating concave cones, saddles, and bowls affirms the principle that the wrinkle roundness increases with interface curvature. The selection of high versus low stress generating conditions allows for the choice of the wrinkle pattern to be directed by either the stress concentration at boundaries or the substrate curvature. Experiments confirm the observation from simulations by other authors that on the inside of a torus, the lowest energy ridge wrinkle state is oriented around the major axis. The ability to control the character of wrinkle patterns via changes to the local and global substrate shape provides a route to generate materials with contrived surface topography.
Atomic‐Level Design of Active Site on Two‐Dimensional MoS2 toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution: Experiment, Theory, and Artificial Intelligence Modelling
Authors: Sun Chun , Wang Longlu , Zhao Weiwei , Xie Lingbin , Wang Jin , Li Jianmin , Li Bingxiang , Liu Shujuan , Zhuang Zechao , Zhao Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtom‐economic catalysts open a new era of computationally driven atomistic design of catalysts. Rationally manipulating the structures of the catalyst with atomic‐level precision would definitely play a significant role in the future chemical industry. Of particular concern, there are growing research concentrating on MoS2 as a typical representative of transition metal dichalcogenides for its great potential of diverse atomic‐level reactive sites for applications in catalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction. At present, the rational design of MoS2‐based catalysts greatly depends on the comprehensive understanding of its structure–activity relationships of active sites that still lacks the systematic summary. In this regard, we dissected the internal relationships between diverse active‐site configurations of MoS2 and the corresponding catalytic activity theoretically and experimentally to give impetus to the design of next‐generation high‐performance MoS2‐based catalysts. The necessity of normalizing the existing activity evaluation methodology and developing more‐precise metrics is discussed. Moreover, the advancement of artificial intelligence as an effective tool for the research on physicochemical properties of catalysts as well as its important role in theoretical pre‐design has also been reviewed. Finally, we summarized the opportunities and challenges of the design of nanoscale catalysts with desired physicochemical properties by assembling atoms in a controllable way.
Cerium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework with Intrinsic Haloperoxidase‐Like Activity for Antibiofilm Formation
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Li Sirong , Wei Gen , Liu Wanling , Zhang Yihong , Zhu Chenxin , Liu Shujie , Li Tong , Wei Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiofilms adhering to surfaces have severe impacts on both public health and industry. Environmentally friendly strategies for combating biofilms are needed due to the biosafety issues brought by traditional commercial anti‐biofilm additives. Enzyme‐based strategies for biofilm treatment have attracted great research interest, but there is still a major challenge ahead due to the high economic cost and limited stability of natural enzymes. Inspired by the antifouling mechanism of natural haloperoxidase (HPO) secreted by marine algae, which catalyzes the oxidative bromination of bacterial quorum sensing signaling molecules, its artificial enzyme is proposed here in response to the situation mentioned above. A cerium‐based metal–organic framework (Ce‐MOF) is verified to possess HPO‐like activity. Based on its favorable enzyme‐like activity, the Ce‐MOF exhibits remarkable antibacterial and biofilm formation suppression abilities. This study not only expands the variety of HPO‐like artificial enzymes but also paves the way for the application prospect of Ce‐MOFs in water pipe cleaning and biofouling treatment.
Radical Hybrids with Multiple Responses to Thermal Stimuli via Electron Transfer
Authors: Sang Yu‐Feng , Zeng Hao , Xu Liang‐Jin , Chen Zhong‐Ning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is desirable to develop semiconductors with simultaneously multiple responses to single stimuli. Herein, a thermally responsive hybrid semiconductor (AEV)[Pb2Br8] (AEV4+ = 1,1′‐bis(2‐ammonioethyl)‐[4,4′‐ bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium) is successfully prepared by introducing functionalized organic cations into 1D lead(II) chains. The lead(II) chain contains an edge‐sharing PbBr6 octahedron with highly electron‐deficient cations distributed in the interspace of the inorganic framework. Interestingly, the as‐formed hybrid exhibits extraordinary thermochromic behavior along with intriguing temperature‐dependent conductivity and thermal conductivity due to the thermal motion of the electrons in the hybrid. Specifically, the color of the pristine hybrid changes from yellow to brown when the temperature rises to 70 °C, and gradually deepens as the temperature continues to rise, accompanied by the continuous decline in electric conductivity and thermal conductivity. Once heating is stopped, the color and conductivity recover to the original state in a few minutes. As demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, the thermal‐induced electron transfer is likely responsible for the intriguing thermally responsive behaviors. This work provides a paradigm for the modular and functional design of hybrid materials that manifest potential applications in semiconductor refrigeration, thermal power generation, intelligent circuit, and other opt‐electronic devices.
Scalable Production of Ultrathin Boron Nanosheets from a Low‐Cost Precursor
Authors: Chand Hushan , Kumar Ashish , Bhumla Preeti , Naik Banavath Raju , Balakrishnan Viswanath , Bhattacharya Saswata , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh‐end technological applications of thin boron nanosheets (BNS), including single layer borophene, have inspired the scientific community to develop fabrication routes to achieve scalable preparation. Among the different strategies, liquid‐phase exfoliation is one of the facile methods. However, this method has certain drawbacks, such as the use of high‐cost boron precursors (boron powder having particle size in micrometer) and possesses lower quality and size nonuniformity in the as‐prepared BNS. To address these issues, the production of high‐quality and uniform BNS is reported from low‐cost boron chunks (bulk boron having > 1 cm particle size) by using an ultrasonication‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation method. The as‐prepared BNS shows strong optical fluorescence characteristics and exhibits good electrical and photoconductivity values indicating its suitability for various applications. As an application study, the catalytic potential of the as‐prepared BNS is explored for the degradation of diverse organic pollutants using peroxymonosulfate as an oxidizing agent. The density functional theory is used to calculate the energy minima of different boron crystallographic phases along with the interactions of peroxymonosulfate with BNS. The facile strategy reported here is expected to pave the way for scalable production of ultrathin BNS from a low‐cost precursor.
All‐Fabric Flexible Frequency‐Selective‐Rasorber Based on Cutting‐Transfer Patterning Method
Authors: Chen Hao , Peng Xiao‐Li , Bo Xin‐Zhi , Geng Ming‐Yang , Yang Xiao‐Lu , Zhan Jun‐Lin , Liu Zhen‐Guo , Dai Yun‐Qian , Lu Wei‐Bing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrequency‐selective rasorber (FSR) can realize a passband between two adjacent absorption bands, which is essential in many electromagnetic scenarios such as antennas and cloaking technologies. However, the current printed circuit board (PCB)–based FSR has shortcomings such as being heavy, rigid, and complex structure (too many lumped elements), making it a long distance from practical military and civil applications. Here, a novel FSR comprised of carbon cloth/ copper cloth/ fabric hybrid structure is proposed to realize the function of frequency selective absorption for the application of indoor electromagnetic protection. Several sub‐subjects are studied, including the structure design of rasorber without lumped elements, the carbon cloth‐based planner resistive material, and the fabrication method of large area non‐contact patterns. Measured results show that a transmission window is achieved between two absorption bands with a transmission rate higher than 86%. Under the circumstances of similar electromagnetic properties, the sample has the unique features of simple structure, large area, high flexibility, and light‐weight compared with commonly used PCB technology, which largely improve the usability of FSR in practical civil or military applications.
Promoting Single Channel Photon Emission in Copper(I) Halide Clusters for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Han Kai , Jin Jiance , Su Binbin , Qiao Jianwei , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal clusters with color‐tunable radioluminescence have attracted growing attention as X‐ray detection materials. However, they are generally less scintillation‐efficient due to the coexistence of multiple exciton recombination centers. Herein, two new zero‐dimensional copper(I)‐based clusters (DIET)3Cu3X3 (DIET = 1,3‐Diethyl‐2‐thiourea, X = Cl, Br) are designed, which support the single channel photon emission (Cu cluster centered, CC) to enhance the scintillation performance. Those DIET ligands (L) anchoring with copper(I) ions not only generate direct CuL bonds, but also form a disorder [Cu3X3] cluster, which results in the intense X‐ray absorption. (DIET)3Cu3Br3 with low halogen electronegativity further weakens halogen‐to‐ligand charge transfer (XLCT) emission, enabling enhanced quantum efficiency (≈69%) and scintillation performance comparable to commercially available Lu3Al5O12:Ce. Moreover, the flexible thin film counterpart demonstrates legible X‐ray imaging with high spatial resolution of 11.71 lp mm−1. This study provides a feasible design principle to discover new metal cluster‐based scintillators and to further expand their radiation detection applications.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Biomacromolecule Immobilization Platform for Biomedical and Related Applications
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Lewis Damani A. , Wang Gang , Meng Tao , Zhou Shengnan , Zhu Yuheng , Hu Danyou , Gao Shan , Zhang Guiyang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the development of biotherapeutic field, biomacromolecules with definite curative and small side effects have gradually become a hot spot in the research and development of new drugs. However, the use of biomacromolecules as drug candidates pose some technical difficulties related to their medicinal properties, mainly drug stability and in vivo transport and delivery. Currently, diverse nanodrug delivery systems have been used to deliver biomacromolecules because they can maintain stability, significantly increase bioavailability, and improve targeted distribution of biomacromolecules, thereby improving efficacy and reducing toxicity. In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted increasing interest as stable, efficient, and reusable biomacromolecule immobilization carriers. COFs exhibit good stability and biocompatibility with no biological toxicity, making them outstanding host materials for immobilizing biomacromolecules. However, the synthesis of COFs requires severe experimental conditions; the commonly used strategies for immobilizing biomacromolecules in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), such as biomimetic mineralization, one‐pot synthesis, and coprecipitation, are likely not applicable to COFs. Herein, three strategies for immobilizing biomacromolecules in COFs and the multifunctional biomedical applications of the biomacromolecule@COF composite systems are reviewed. Next, the superior properties and cutting‐edge applications of MOFs are mentioned and then the advantages of COF–MOF hybrid materials are highlighted.
Multimodal Sensors with Decoupled Sensing Mechanisms
Authors: Yang Ruoxi , Zhang Wanqing , Tiwari Naveen , Yan Han , Li Tiejun , Cheng Huanyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly sensitive and multimodal sensors have recently emerged for a wide range of applications, including epidermal electronics, robotics, health‐monitoring devices and human–machine interfaces. However, cross‐sensitivity prevents accurate measurements of the target input signals when a multiple of them are simultaneously present. Therefore, the selection of the multifunctional materials and the design of the sensor structures play a significant role in multimodal sensors with decoupled sensing mechanisms. Hence, this review article introduces varying methods to decouple different input signals for realizing truly multimodal sensors. Early efforts explore different outputs to distinguish the corresponding input signals applied to the sensor in sequence. Next, this study discusses the methods for the suppression of the interference, signal correction, and various decoupling strategies based on different outputs to simultaneously detect multiple inputs. The recent insights into the materials' properties, structure effects, and sensing mechanisms in recognition of different input signals are highlighted. The presence of the various decoupling methods also helps avoid the use of complicated signal processing steps and allows multimodal sensors with high accuracy for applications in bioelectronics, robotics, and human–machine interfaces. Finally, current challenges and potential opportunities are discussed in order to motivate future technological breakthroughs.
Nonvolatile Logic‐in‐Memory Computing based on Solution‐Processed CuI Memristor
Authors: Li Bochang , Wei Wei , Luo Li , Gao Ming , Yu Zhi Gen , Li Sifan , Ang Kah‐Wee , Zhu Chunxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMemristors are intensively studied as being regarded as the critical components to realize the in‐memory computing paradigm. A novel electrochemical metallization memristor based on solution‐processed Pt/CuI/Cu structure is proposed and demonstrated in this work, with a high resistance switching ratio of 1.53 × 107. Owing to the efficient drift paths provided by Cu vacancies for Cu cations in CuI, very small operating voltages (Vset = 0.64 V and Vreset = −0.19 V) are characterized, contributing to ultralow standby power consumption of 9 fW and per set transition of 8.73 µW. Using CuI memristor arrays, a set of Boolean logic operations and a half‐adder are implemented. Moreover, by building the model for a 75 × 48 one‐transistor‐one‐memristor array, the feasibility of hardware encryption and decryption for images is verified. All these demonstrate that solution‐processed CuI memristors possess great potential in constructing energy‐efficient logic‐in‐memory computing architectures.
Recent Progress of Carbon‐Based Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells: From Efficiency to Stability
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Yu Zhenhua , Zhang Dan , Tai Qidong , Zhao Xing‐Zhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as a promising next‐generation photovoltaic technology. However, poor device stability limits their commercialization. Carbon‐based inorganic PSCs (C‐IPSCs) can meet stability challenge owing to the absence of organic components. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic carbon materials as hole transport layers and back electrodes simplify fabrication process, decrease costs, and protect devices from moisture erosion. Since the first attempt for C‐IPSCs in 2016, a series of strategies have been proposed to improve device performance, including the fabrication technique optimization, solvent engineering, composition engineering, interface engineering, charge transport layer optimization, and so on, and the power conversion efficiency of C‐IPSCs are rapidly increased from initial 5% to exceeding 15%. In this review, the recent progress of C‐IPSCs is summarized, the existing challenges in this field are discussed, followed by a prospect for future development.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) culture in Kenya: Emerging production technologies and socio‐economic impacts on local livelihoods
Authors: Munguti Jonathan M. , Nairuti Rita , Iteba Jacob O. , Obiero Kevin O. , Kyule Domitila , Opiyo Mary A. , Abwao Jacob , Kirimi James G. , Outa Nicholas , Muthoka Mavindu , Githukia Cecilia M , Ogello Erick O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most farmed fish globally, with a significant contribution improving local livelihoods, especially in developing countries. Nile tilapia was first cultured in Kenya in 1924 and is the most cultured fish species. Annually, O. niloticus accounts for 62% (∼15,000 tonnes) of total aquaculture production. Although O. niloticus is the most preferred cultured fish, its culture faces challenges, for example, early maturation due to prolific breeding behaviour leading to stunted growth that limits its culture and profitability among smallholder farmers. With the surging demand for locally farmed fish, innovative technologies have emerged to boost aquaculture production. Donor and public research‐funded projects, for instance, the Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project, are validating various aquaculture technologies, innovations and management practices (TIMPs) to achieve ‘triple wins’ of increased fish production, improved resilience and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)‐funded Aquaculture Business Development Programme aims at commercialising aquaculture to improve local livelihoods. In this study, we adopt a scoping review methodology to review and synthesise published literature on tilapia culture in Kenya to explore current and emerging tilapia production technologies and document their socio‐economic impacts on farmers’ livelihoods. These emerging innovative technologies range from culture systems, for example, biofloc, periphyton, fingerpond technology, integrated aquaculture, breeding and genetics (selective breeding), fish health and biosecurity measures, to post‐harvest loss reduction, value addition and marketing. The study findings reveal that the technologies have great potential to increase tilapia production and profitability and positively impact the local livelihoods of smallholder fish farmers through employment creation, economic growth and better nutrition.
Comparison of passive drool and cotton‐based collection methods for salivary C‐reactive protein measurement
Authors: Yau Joshua C. Y. , Fong Ted C. T. , Wan Adrian H. Y. , Ho Rainbow T. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSaliva collection and handling procedures for salivary C‐reactive protein (CRP) can be challenging due to a lack of standardized protocols. This study compared two collection methods used to quantify salivary CRP. Twenty‐two Chinese adults provided two unstimulated whole saliva samples using passive drool and cotton‐based collection devices in two consecutive mornings at baseline and 1 month later. The effects of various factors on CRP levels were analyzed using linear mixed models. Salivary CRP levels were significantly affected by collection time and method, but not day or wave. The CRP peaked upon awakening and declined 45 min later. CRP levels were significantly higher in the passive drool than in the cotton‐based method. The Bland–Altman plot revealed relative and proportional biases. The difference in the CRP levels between the methods decreased as the CRP levels increased. Results suggest that passive drool and cotton‐based collection methods should not be used interchangeably for measuring low levels of salivary CRP.
Demographics and medical comorbidities among hospitalized patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome: A National Inpatient Sample analysis
Authors: Luccarelli James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a multi‐system genetic disorder characterized by hyperphagia and a range of medical complications. While register and cohort studies have explored the natural course of the syndrome, there is little nationally‐representative data. In this study the National Inpatient Sample, a de‐identified all‐payors database of acute care hospital discharges in the United States, was queried for patients discharged with a diagnosis of PWS in 2019. Hospitalizations involving PWS were compared to hospitalizations without a PWS diagnosis matched based on demographic and hospital factors. In total, 540 hospitalizations (95% CI: 513–567) included a diagnosis of PWS. Median age at time of admission was 22 years, with an interquartile range of 6.3–37.8 years. Respiratory conditions accounted for 110 (20.4%) of primary discharge diagnoses, with infectious conditions for 70 (13.0%) and digestive conditions for 65 (12.0%). Hospitalizations involving PWS were significantly more likely to involve respiratory failure (OR 5.49; 95% CI 3.86–7.80), septicemia (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.97–3.96), or intestinal obstruction and ileus (OR 6.29; 95% CI 3.70–10.7) compared to matched hospitalizations without PWS. Obesity was diagnosed in 230 PWS hospitalizations (42.6%; OR 3.86, 95% CI 3.17–4.72 relative to non‐PWS hospitalizations). These results point to an ongoing need for the improved diagnosis and treatment of PWS complications, and highlight the importance of specific billing codes for rare diseases to enhance the collection of real world evidence.
Rhodium‐catalyzed Insertion Reaction of Perfluoroarenes into Unprotected Peptide Disulfides
Authors: Fukumoto Kohei , Yazaki Masana , Arisawa Mieko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe method of rhodium‐catalyzed insertion reaction of perfluoroarenes between unprotected peptide cystine disulfides is developed. The method is applicable to peptides containing amino acids such as Ser, Asn, Asp, and Lys without affecting hydroxy, primary amine, carboxylic acid, and amide groups. The reaction does not require a base and proceeds under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions. No free thiols are detected, and the reaction is considered to proceed via rhodium thiolates. A crossover experiment shows minimal scrambling of organothio groups.