bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a polyp detection poster on detection of sessile serrated lesions: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Shaukat Aasma , Rex Douglas K. , Shyne Michael , Church Timothy R. , Moscatelli Joseph P. , Colton Joshua B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Colonoscopy is effective in reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer, but interval cancers remain a concern and their occurrence mainly is thought to be due to poor detection of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and advanced neoplasia (AN). Currently there are no low-cost, easy-to-implement tools to improve detection of difficult-to-detect polyps. Our aims were to compare the detection rate for SSLs and AN between two groups of endoscopists at a large community practice, one of which received an intervention of a polyp detection poster displayed over the monitor in their endoscopy suite for 6 months. We compared preintervention and post-intervention detection rates in the intervention and control groups.
Methods This was a convenience case control quality improvement project. For 6 months, a 2’ × 3’ poster of pictures of SSLs and advanced neoplasia was displayed over the monitor for 44 endoscopist in a large community gastroenterology practice in the Minneapolis/St.Paul area, while another 44 physicians performed colonoscopy in the usual fashion without the poster. The endpoints were improvement in detection rates for SSLs and AN preintervention and post-intervention between the control and intervention groups.
Results During the study, 88 endoscopists performed 54,861 colonoscopies. At least one adenoma was detected in 41.3 % of patients, one or more SSLs in 11.4 %, and AN in 10.6 %. During the intervention period, the SSL detection rates were 10.9 % and 12.3 % for the control and intervention groups and for AN, the detection rates were 10.4 % and 10.75 % for the two groups, respectively. Exposure to the polyp detection poster significantly changed SSL detection for the intervention group relative to the control group (likelihood ratio test P < 0.001). No significant effect of the intervention was observed for detection of AN, right-sided AN or left-sided AN, or adenoma detection rate.
Conclusions Placement of a polyp detection poster above the endoscopy video monitor increased detection of SSL but not AN.
Rapid development of accurate artificial intelligence scoring for colitis disease activity using applied data science techniques
Authors: Patel Mehul , Gulati Shraddha , Iqbal Fareed , Hayee Bu'Hussain 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Scoring endoscopic disease activity in colitis represents a complex task for artificial intelligence (AI), but is seen as a worthwhile goal for clinical and research use cases. To date, development attempts have relied on large datasets, achieving reasonable results when comparing normal to active inflammation, but not when generating subscores for the Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) or ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS).
Patients and methods Using a multi-task learning framework, with frame-by-frame analysis, we developed a machine-learning algorithm (MLA) for UCEIS trained on just 38,124 frames (73 patients with biopsy-proven ulcerative colitis). Scores generated by the MLA were compared to consensus scores from three independent human reviewers.
Results Accuracy and agreement (kappa) were calculated for the following differentiation tasks: (1) normal mucosa vs active inflammation (UCEIS 0 vs ≥ 1; accuracy 0.90, κ = 0.90); (2) mild inflammation vs moderate-severe (UCEIS 0–3 vs ≥ 4; accuracy 0.98, κ = 0.96); (3) generating total UCEIS score (κ = 0.92). Agreement for UCEIS subdomains was also high (κ = 0.80, 0.83 and 0.88 for vascular pattern, bleeding and erosions respectively).
Conclusions We have demonstrated that, using modified data science techniques and a relatively smaller datasets, it is possible to achieve high levels of accuracy and agreement with human reviewers (in some cases near-perfect), for AI in colitis scoring. Further work will focus on refining this technique, but we hope that it can be used in other tasks to facilitate faster development.
Study on the Action Mechanism of Dkk-1, TGF-β1 and TNF-α Expression Levels in Dupuytren’s Contracture
Authors: Niu Kecheng , Dai Guangming , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ian , Zhang Peiguang , Tan Yunyan , Feng Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background The biological mechanism of Dupuytren’s contracture needs to be further studied in order to minimize postoperative recurrence and provide a pathological basis for the development of new therapeutic targets.
Methods HE staining, immunohistochemistry, PCR and western blotting were performed in pathological palmar aponeurosis specimens and normal palmar aponeurosis tissues for comparative study.
Results (1) TNF-α expression was up-regulated: TNF-α mRNA was more highly expressed in the pathological tissues of DD patients than in the CT group, P < 0.05, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant; (2) Dkk-1 expression was down-regulated: Dkk-1 mRNA was lower expressed in the pathological tissues of DD patients than in the CT group, P < 0.05, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant; (3) TGF-β1 expression was up-regulated: TGF-β1 mRNA was higher expressed in the pathological tissues of DD patients than in the CT group, P < 0.05, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant; (4) Pearson correlation analysis suggested that TNF-α expression was positively correlated with TGF-β1 expression, TNF-α expression was negatively correlated with DKK-1 expression, and TGF-β1 expression was negatively correlated with DKK-1 expression.
Conclusion TNF-α, DKK-1 and TGF-β1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of palmar aponeurosis contracture, and there is a relationship between them. The study of the relationship between the three and their related signaling pathways provides a therapeutic target and a basis for the prevention and early treatment of palmar aponeurotic contracture.
A Direct Method for Synthesis of Fluorinated Quinazolinones and Quinoxalines Using Fluorinated Acids without Metals or Additives
Authors: Ma Chen , Li Shichen , Lv Xueyan , Ren Jianing , Feng Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe trifluoromethyl group only exists in synthetic compounds. Owing to the unique bioactivities of this group, the trifluoromethylation of alkanes, arenes, unsaturated compounds like olefins, aldehydes­, and ketones, and heterocycles has been studied constantly in recent decades. Herein, a direct method using trifluoroacetic acid as a CF3 source for the synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ones and 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo/indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines without any catalysts or additives is reported; a wide range of fluorinated compounds were obtained in 52%–94% yield.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Autoimmune and Nodular
Goiter in Patients with Euthyroid Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Their
Phenotypes
Authors: Altuntaş Seher Çetinkaya , Güneş Mutlu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that frequently affects
women of reproductive age. In PCOS, the incidence of thyroid diseases has
increased in addition to reproductive and metabolic problems. To compare thyroid
nodule, volume, autoimmunity, and thyroid function tests of euthyroid PCOS and
its phenotypes. The files of 178 patients with PCOS aged 18–45 years and
92 patients with no disease who were matched for body mass index were
retrospectively scanned. Women with PCOS were divided into four phenotypes,
ABCD. Anti-TPO titer and prevalence, fT3, and thyroid volume were higher in the
PCOS group compared with the control group in terms of anti-Tg levels, presence
of nodules, and the number of nodules. There was no statistical difference
between the PCOS group and the healthy controls. The number of nodules of
1 cm and above was found to be higher only in patients with PCOS
compared with the control group. When the phenotypes were examined, thyroid
dysfunction features were found in phenotype A, which was the most prominent.
Thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid volume, and the number of nodules larger than
1 cm increased in patients with PCOS compared with controls. This
situation is thought to be caused by the reproductive and metabolic properties
of PCOS because thyroid dysfunction was detected more in phenotype A, which is
called the full phenotype. Therefore, all patients with PCOS, especially
phenotype A, should be evaluated for the presence of nodules with autoimmunity
using USG, even if there are no symptoms, and thyroid functions.
Organic Nitrating Reagents
Authors: Patra Subrata , Mosiagin Ivan , Katayev Dmitry , Giri Rahul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNitro compounds are vital raw chemicals that are widely used in academic laboratories and industries for the preparation of various drugs, agrochemicals, and materials. Thus, nitrating reactions are of great importance for chemists and are even taught in schools as one of the fundamental transformations in organic synthesis. Since the discovery of the first nitrating reactions in the 19th century, progress in this field has been constant. Yet, for many years the classical electrophilic nitration approach using a mixture of strong mineral acids dominated the field. However, in recent decades, the attention of researchers has focused on new reactivity and new reagents that can provide access to nitro compounds in a practical and straightforward way under mild reaction conditions. Organic nitrating reagents have played a special role in this field since they have enhanced reactivity. They also allow nitration to be carried out in an ecofriendly and sustainable manner. This review examines the development and application of organic nitrating reagents.1	Introduction2	Organic Nitrating Reagents2.1	Alkyl Nitrites2.2	Nitroalkanes2.3	Alkyl Nitrates2.4	N-Nitroamides2.5	N-Nitropyrazole2.6	N-Nitropyridinium Salts3	Organic Nitrating Reagents Generated In Situ3.1	Acyl Nitrates3.2	Trimethylsilyl Nitrate3.3	Nitro Onium Salts4	Organic Nitronium Salts5	Organic Nitrates and Nitrites5.1	Ammonium Nitrates5.2	Heteroarylium Nitrates5.3	Other Organic Nitrates5.4	Organic Nitrites6	Conclusion and Outlook
Anatomy of the Mesentery
Authors: Bunni John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is clear that despite the importance of multimodal therapy, the most impactful weapon in the arsenal of treatment in a patient with colorectal cancer is high-quality surgery. This has been shown time and time again and surgery remains the bedrock in the management of visceral, and particularly colorectal, cancer. The reason for this is an anatomical one, based upon embryological planes. One cannot truly understand and perform high-quality surgery without an appreciation of the fascial and mesenteric anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis.R. J. (“Bill”) Heald greatly advanced the management of rectal cancer with his description of the anatomical foundation of total mesorectal excision. He popularized usage of the term “mesorectum” and was an early pioneer in the commitment to mesenteric-based surgery. This concept has been extended by Werner Hohenberger to mesocolic excision for colon cancer surgery.These all rely on the principle that, in general, cancer tends to remain within its embryological compartment of origin, making it amenable to dissecting out as an oncological surgical envelope or package. There have been some theories put forth as to why, but it remains the fact that, far more often than not, an excision within the mesenteric plane affords better outcomes than the one that breaches it.Thus an understanding of the anatomy of the mesentery is important and is the scientific foundation of the art that is cancer surgery.Herein the author outlines the history of the development of our understanding of mesenteric anatomy and where we are today.
Intriguing Role of the Mesentery in Ileocolic Crohn's Disease
Authors: Turri Giulia , Carvello Michele , Ben David Nadav , Spinelli Antonino 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology. Up to 80% of patients will eventually require surgery throughout their lifetime, and often repeated resections are required for disease recurrence. Observations of “creeping fat” surrounding the diseased intestine renewed interest in the mesentery, recently defined as an organ with endocrine and immune functions. According to the inside-out model, the mesentery may be primarily affected in CD and subsequent cause alterations in the mucosa. Recently, lower surgical recurrence rates have been reported with en-bloc excision of the mesentery adjoining the diseased intestine. Results of ongoing randomized controlled trials may clarify the role of the mesentery in CD and possibly lead to its adoption as standard during surgery for Crohn's disease.
Utility of Axillary Reverse Mapping (ARM) and Incidence of Metastasis in Arm Draining Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Kumar Pramit , Singh Parneet , Veerwal Hardik , Ravi Bina , Narayan Manishi L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective Lymphedema of the upper limb is the most common complication in patients with breast cancer, who require axillary lymph node (LN) dissection. Proposition of identifying upper limb draining LN and preserving it, during axillary dissection can reduce significant postoperative morbidity, but it has the risk of inadequate oncological resection. This study was planned to find out metastatic rate in axillary reverse mapping (ARM) nodes in our population.Materials and Methods Lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) was performed using intradermal injection of 99mTc Sulfur Colloid into ipsilateral second and third interdigital web spaces of hand in patients with breast cancer. Planar, single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography images were acquired followed by intraoperative localization of arm draining LNs using Gamma Probe. All identified ARM nodes were dissected and sent for histopathological examination to confirm metastatic involvement.Results Twenty eligible patients were prospectively analyzed. The identification rate of arm draining LN with LSG was 90% (18/20). Among 14 eligible patients included in the study, ARM node metastasis was seen in two patients. A total of 64 ARM nodes were dissected from 14 patients, 4/64 nodes (2 patients) were positive for metastases (6.25%). Of the six patients excluded from the study, in 1 patient ARM node could not be identified on Gamma Probe, in two cases, it could not be retrieved surgically, in next two cases ARM could not be identified on LSG and remaining one case was removed because of previous surgical intervention.Conclusion In the current study, LSG showed the identification rate of 90% for ARM nodes in patients with carcinoma breast and metastatic involvement was seen in 6.25% (4/64) of these nodes in 2/14 (14.2%) patients, which is in agreement with previously published data. Oncological safety of preserving ARM nodes needs to be evaluated in the larger population.
Granulicatella adiacens as an Unusual Cause of Empyema: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Purohit Geetarani , Mishra Baijayantimala , Sahoo Satyajeet , Mahapatra Ashoka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens, a nutritionally variant Streptococcus (NVS), is part of the normal commensal flora of human mouth, genital, and intestinal tracts and rarely causes disease. It has been mostly reported from bacteremia and endocarditis cases, but rarely can cause vertebral osteomyelitis, pancreatic abscess, otitis media, and endovascular, central nervous system, ocular, oral, bone and joint, and genitourinary infections. Due to requirement of fastidious culture conditions and non-specific colony morphology, serious diagnostic difficulties may arise in cases of NVS infections. Here, we are reporting a rare fatal infection of G. adiacens presented with empyema complicated to sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis.Clinicians should be aware of the pathogenic potential of Granulicatella adiacens (a normal commensal flora of human mouth, genital and intestinal tracts). Appropriate supplemented media and a reliable detection system should be used to identify these fastidious organisms. We present this rare case to bring awareness among clinicians regarding such a rare but potentially fatal infection.
The Question of Phonetic Balance in Word Recognition Testing
Authors: Martin Frederick N. , Champlin Craig A. , Perez Desirée D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwenty subjects with normal hearing and 15 subjects with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing losses were tested with eight lists of words using monosyllabic pronunciation to determine word recognition scores. Four of the lists were taken from Northwestern University Test No. 6 and four were simply made up by randomly selecting words from a dictionary. All of the word lists were used to determine performance-intensity functions. No clinically meaningful differences were observed among the lists.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, PB = phonemically/phonetically balanced, SRT = speech recognition threshold, WRS = word recognition score
Design of hollow metasurfaces for absorption sensors and surface enhanced infrared absorption
Authors: Vasić Borislav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Absorption sensors detect variations in the imaginary part of refractive index with selectivity in sensing since analytes can be distinguished according to their characteristic absorption bands. In this study we combine the theoretical analysis based on temporal coupled mode theory and numerical calculations in order to derive design principles of optimal metasurfaces aimed for absorption sensing and surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). We consider hollow metal–insulator-metal metasurfaces with an empty space between two metallic layers. This space acts as a channel for the infiltration of fluid analytes in the region with the maximal electric field enhancement, which provides high sensitivity. We demonstrate that optimal metasurfaces operate in overcoupled regime where radiative decay rate of the resonant mode is larger than non-radiative decay rate. The operation in this regime is adjusted by choosing appropriate channel thickness (the vertical distance between two metallic layers), which should be around three times larger than the channel thickness at the critical coupling point, associated with equal decay rates and zero reflectance. Metasurface period should be as large as possible, whereas the operating frequency should be equal to the resonant frequency of metasurfaces. The same conclusions hold for hollow metasurfaces aimed for SEIRA, while in addition, their resonant frequency should match the vibrational frequency of an analyte under investigation. The absorption sensitivity (reflectance change divided by the change in the imaginary part of refractive index) of an optimal metasurface is larger than

10

R
I

U

−
1

, which provides detection of the imaginary part of refractive index below

10

−
3

.
Topological insulators on the square–hexagon lattice driven by next-nearest-neighbor hopping
Authors: Wang Guo Xiang , Zhang Ying Zheng , Wei Jun Hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate the topological phase transition of the square–hexagon lattice driven by the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) hopping. By means of the Fukui–Hatsugai method, the topological invariant Z
2 can be determined. The phase diagrams in the (t
1, t
2) plane for different filling fractions are displayed, together with the size of the bulk band gap. We find the competition between t
1 and t
2 can drive the system into topological nontrivial phase, with Z
2 = 1. Interestingly, for 2/5 and 3/5 filling fractions, topological nontrivial phase can be easily realized when the NNN hoppings are turned on. Besides, the phase diagrams in the plane of t
2 and λ

so2 (t
1 and λ

so1) are also investigated. By numerically diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, the bulk band structures are calculated. And the topological trivial and nontrivial phase are also distinguished in terms of helical edge state. In experiments, these topological phase transitions may be realized by shaking optical lattice.
The role of surface charge and its decay in surface dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Li Ting , Yan Hui-Jie , Li Jia-Qi , Schulze J , Yu Si-Qi , Song Jian , Zhang Quan-Zhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The charge accumulation and decay in surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) driven by a sine AC voltage waveform (4 kHz) in combination with a nanosecond positive voltage pulse (300 ns, 20 Hz) is experimentally investigated based on a combination of the electro-optical Pockels effect and a high-speed camera. It is found that the accumulation of positive surface charge on the dielectric promotes the discharge in the negative half cycle of the applied AC voltage, whereas it inhibits the development of following new positive charge filaments. The decay of a single positive charge filament on the surface is a result of the neutralization by negative charges that originate either from the migration of negative surface charge (electrons) or the drift of free electrons from the volume above the surface towards the surface. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of surface charge and its effects in SDBDs.
Dynamic crossover across the peak effect in Ba

1−x

K
x
Fe2As2 superconductor for H

||c

-axis and H

||ab

-plane
Authors: Pissas M , Stamopoulos D , Wang Chunlei , Ma Yanwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The vortex matter properties of a Ba

1
−
x

K
x
Fe2As2 single crystal (

T
c

=
38.2

K) were studied, by employing both isofield and isothermal ac-susceptibility measurements,

χ
n

(
f
,

H
0

)
=

χ
n

′

(
f
,

H
0

)
−
i

χ
n

′
′

(
f
,

H
0

)

, in a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes of the applied ac magnetic field. The irreversibility line (

H

irr

(
T
,
θ
)

), formally defined by the onset of the third harmonic, is recorded for both

H
∥
c

-axis and

H
∥
a
b

-plane. It can be reproduced from the empirical equation,

H

irr

(
T
)
=

H
0

(
1
−
T

/

T
c

)
n

, with

n
c

=

n

a
b

=
1.24

and

μ
0

H
0
c

=
210

Tesla,

μ
0

H
0

a
b

=
540

Tesla. The isofield measurements of the first harmonic revealed a narrow diamagnetic peak, related to a local peak of the critical current below the irreversibility line for both

H
∥
c

-axis and

H
∥
a
b

-plane. The local peak for

μ
0

H
<
0.2

Tesla is transformed to a sudden drop before it completely disappears. Detailed ac-susceptibility measurements were conducted for frequencies ranging within f = 0.1–10 kHz. From these data, the pinning potential, U, is deduced both as function of temperature and dc magnetic field. These results revealed that the ac response of vortex matter exhibits three distinct dynamic behaviors. By employing a model proposed by Mikitik and Brandt (2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 184514), that is based on a Lindemann type criterion and the collective pinning theory, we reproduced the experimentally recorded vortex matter phase diagram by taking into account both thermal fluctuations and random point disorder. To this effect, we adopted a

δ

T
c

pinning mechanism,

c

L

=
0.25

,

D
0

/

c

L

= 1.1–1.5 and a Ginzburg number

G
i
=

10

−
3

.
Localized ion-acoustic solitons in collision with dusty plasma
Authors: Pakzad H R , Javidan K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this research, we investigate the characters of localized waves arriving from an electron-ion plasma into an electron-ion-dusty plasma region. For this purpose, we consider the presence of dust particles as a weak perturbation in the medium. It is shown that the ion-acoustic wave propagates with greater speed and higher energy when it interacts with dust particles. In addition, an oscillatory shock wave creates at the border of two different plasma environments that propagates in the opposite direction of the initial wave velocity. Time evolution of solitary wave and characters of created shock profile is also studied.