bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justice in Contracts
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Dorfman Avihay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mission of justice for contracts seems to be solely one of gatekeeping. As long as the justice of the bargaining stage is secured and the parties’ agreement complies with a proper floor of legitimacy, contract law, on this conventional approach, must simply follow the parties’ preferences. Doctrines that govern contractual performance and breach by appealing to justice considerations are thus portrayed as either confused or misguided. The justice rhetoric either covers for other, notably economic, considerations or undermines contract law’s liberal underpinnings. Against this common wisdom, this Article develops a theory of contractual justice, which is implicit in this significant body of doctrines. Contractual justice is a species of relational justice, and is thus informed by the most fundamental normative underpinnings of private law in a liberal polity, namely, the maxim of reciprocal respect for self-determination and substantive equality. Focusing on the justice of on-going contractual relationships, modern contract law properly solidifies a cooperative conception of contract performance, which targets a contract-specific form of relational injustice associated with the heightened interpersonal vulnerability to which sequential contractual performance gives rise. The task of this Article is threefold. It articulates and defends the normative commitment to contractual justice that is implicit in contract law’s rules of the game, epitomized by the duty of good faith and fair dealing. It further explains and justifies the legal form of these rules, being normative defaults, rather than either majoritarian defaults or mandatory rules. And finally, it demonstrates how the refinement of both their substance (relational justice) and their form (normative defaults) can help direct the future development of these complex and currently somewhat disoriented set of doctrines and, more broadly, reclaim the central place of justice in the law of contract of a liberal legal order.
Recent Work on Moral Revolutions
Authors: Klenk Michael , O’Neill Elizabeth , Arora Chirag , Blunden Charlie , Eriksen Cecilie , Frank Lily , Hopster Jeroen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the last few decades, several philosophers have written on the topic of moral revolutions, distinguishing them from other kinds of society-level moral change. This article surveys recent accounts of moral revolutions in moral philosophy. Different authors use quite different criteria to pick out moral revolutions. Features treated as relevant include radicality, depth or fundamentality, pervasiveness, novelty and particular causes. We also characterize the factors that have been proposed to cause moral revolutions, including anomalies in existing moral codes, changing honour codes, art, economic conditions and individuals or groups. Finally, we discuss what accounts of moral revolutions have in common, how they differ and how moral revolutions are distinguished from other kinds of moral change, such as drift and reform.
Squid games and the lusory attitude
Authors: Reiland Indrek 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On Bernard Suits’s celebrated analysis, to play a game is to engage in a ‘voluntary attempt to overcome unnecessary obstacles’. Voluntariness is understood in terms of the players having the ‘lusory attitude’ of accepting the constitutive rules of the game just because they make possible playing it. In this paper I suggest that the players in Netflix’s hit show Squid Game play the ‘squid games’, but they do not do so voluntarily; they are forced to play. I argue that this means that we should rethink Suits’s analysis by claiming that all that is needed for players to play is that someone has put the rules in force for them for the reason that it makes playing the game possible. I then illustrate the virtues of the revised analysis by showing how it helps us to defuse Hurka’s recent counterexamples to Suits’s view.
Conduit position and connectivity affect the likelihood of xylem embolism during natural drought in evergreen woodland species
Authors: Pritzkow Carola , Brown Matilda J M , Carins-Murphy Madeline R , Bourbia Ibrahim , Mitchell Patrick J , Brodersen Craig , Choat Brendan , Brodribb Timothy J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hydraulic failure is considered a main cause of drought-induced forest mortality. Yet, we have a limited understanding of how the varying intensities and long time scales of natural droughts induce and propagate embolism within the xylem.

Methods
X-ray computed tomography (microCT) images were obtained from different aged branch xylem to study the number, size and spatial distribution of in situ embolized conduits among three dominant tree species growing in a woodland community.

Key Results
Among the three studied tree species, those with a higher xylem vulnerability to embolism (higher water potential at 50 % loss of hydraulic conductance; P50) were more embolized than species with lower P50. Within individual stems, the probability of embolism was independent of conduit diameter but associated with conduit position. Rather than the occurrence of random or radial embolism, we observed circumferential clustering of high and low embolism density, suggesting that embolism spreads preferentially among conduits of the same age. Older xylem also appeared more likely to accumulate embolisms than young xylem, but there was no pattern suggesting that branch tips were more vulnerable to cavitation than basal regions.

Conclusions
The spatial analysis of embolism occurrence in field-grown trees suggests that embolism under natural drought probably propagates by air spreading from embolized into neighbouring conduits in a circumferential pattern. This pattern offers the possibility to understand the temporal aspects of embolism occurrence by examining stem cross-sections.
scDeconv: an R package to deconvolve bulk DNA methylation data with scRNA-seq data and paired bulk RNA–DNA methylation data
Authors: Liu Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many DNA methylation (DNAm) data are from tissues composed of various cell types, and hence cell deconvolution methods are needed to infer their cell compositions accurately. However, a bottleneck for DNAm data is the lack of cell-type-specific DNAm references. On the other hand, scRNA-seq data are being accumulated rapidly with various cell-type transcriptomic signatures characterized, and also, many paired bulk RNA-DNAm data are publicly available currently. Hence, we developed the R package scDeconv to use these resources to solve the reference deficiency problem of DNAm data and deconvolve them from scRNA-seq data in a trans-omics manner. It assumes that paired samples have similar cell compositions. So the cell content information deconvolved from the scRNA-seq and paired RNA data can be transferred to the paired DNAm samples. Then an ensemble model is trained to fit these cell contents with DNAm features and adjust the paired RNA deconvolution in a co-training manner. Finally, the model can be used on other bulk DNAm data to predict their relative cell-type abundances. The effectiveness of this method is proved by its accurate deconvolution on the three testing datasets here, and if given an appropriate paired dataset, scDeconv can also deconvolve other omics, such as ATAC-seq data. Furthermore, the package also contains other functions, such as identifying cell-type-specific inter-group differential features from bulk DNAm data. scDeconv is available at: https://github.com/yuabrahamliu/scDeconv.
A network-based matrix factorization framework for ceRNA co-modules recognition of cancer genomic data
Authors: Wang Yujie , Zhou Gang , Guan Tianhao , Wang Yan , Xuan Chenxu , Ding Tao , Gao Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the development of high-throughput technologies, the accumulation of large amounts of multidimensional genomic data provides an excellent opportunity to study the multilevel biological regulatory relationships in cancer. Based on the hypothesis of competitive endogenous ribonucleic acid (RNA) (ceRNA) network, lncRNAs can eliminate the inhibition of microRNAs (miRNAs) on their target genes by binding to intracellular miRNA sites so as to improve the expression level of these target genes. However, previous studies on cancer expression mechanism are mostly based on individual or two-dimensional data, and lack of integration and analysis of various RNA-seq data, making it difficult to verify the complex biological relationships involved. To explore RNA expression patterns and potential molecular mechanisms of cancer, a network-regularized sparse orthogonal-regularized joint non-negative matrix factorization (NSOJNMF) algorithm is proposed, which combines the interaction relations among RNA-seq data in the way of network regularization and effectively prevents multicollinearity through sparse constraints and orthogonal regularization constraints to generate good modular sparse solutions. NSOJNMF algorithm is performed on the datasets of liver cancer and colon cancer, then ceRNA co-modules of them are recognized. The enrichment analysis of these modules shows that &gt;90% of them are closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. In addition, the ceRNA networks constructed by the ceRNA co-modules not only accurately mine the known correlations of the three RNA molecules but also further discover their potential biological associations, which may contribute to the exploration of the competitive relationships among multiple RNAs and the molecular mechanisms affecting tumor development.
Detecting the critical states during disease development based on temporal network flow entropy
Authors: Gao Rong , Yan Jinling , Li Peiluan , Chen Luonan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComplex diseases progression can be generally divided into three states, which are normal state, predisease/critical state and disease state. The sudden deterioration of diseases can be viewed as a bifurcation or a critical transition. Therefore, hunting for the tipping point or critical state is of great importance to prevent the disease deterioration. However, it is still a challenging task to detect the critical states of complex diseases with high-dimensional data, especially based on an individual. In this study, we develop a new method based on network fluctuation of molecules, temporal network flow entropy (TNFE) or temporal differential network flow entropy, to detect the critical states of complex diseases on the basis of each individual. By applying this method to a simulated dataset and six real diseases, including respiratory viral infections and tumors with four time-course and two stage-course high-dimensional omics datasets, the critical states before deterioration were detected and their dynamic network biomarkers were identified successfully. The results on the simulated dataset indicate that the TNFE method is robust under different noise strengths, and is also superior to the existing methods on detecting the critical states. Moreover, the analysis on the real datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of TNFE for providing early-warning signals on various diseases. In addition, we also predicted disease deterioration risk and identified drug targets for cancers based on stage-wise data.
Persistent spectral simplicial complex-based machine learning for chromosomal structural analysis in cellular differentiation
Authors: Gong Weikang , Wee JunJie , Wu Min-Chun , Sun Xiaohan , Li Chunhua , Xia Kelin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) chromosomal structure plays an essential role in all DNA-templated processes, including gene transcription, DNA replication and other cellular processes. Although developing chromosome conformation capture (3C) methods, such as Hi-C, which can generate chromosomal contact data characterized genome-wide chromosomal structural properties, understanding 3D genomic nature-based on Hi-C data remains lacking. Here, we propose a persistent spectral simplicial complex (PerSpectSC) model to describe Hi-C data for the first time. Specifically, a filtration process is introduced to generate a series of nested simplicial complexes at different scales. For each of these simplicial complexes, its spectral information can be calculated from the corresponding Hodge Laplacian matrix. PerSpectSC model describes the persistence and variation of the spectral information of the nested simplicial complexes during the filtration process. Different from all previous models, our PerSpectSC-based features provide a quantitative global-scale characterization of chromosome structures and topology. Our descriptors can successfully classify cell types and also cellular differentiation stages for all the 24 types of chromosomes simultaneously. In particular, persistent minimum best characterizes cell types and Dim (1) persistent multiplicity best characterizes cellular differentiation. These results demonstrate the great potential of our PerSpectSC-based models in polymeric data analysis.
Intraspecific variability of bite force in Achala copper lizards in a sexual selection context: who bites harder and when and why?
Authors: Naretto Sergio , Cabezas-Cartes Facundo , López Juri Guadalupe , Chiaraviglio Margarita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bite force in lizards is involved in key behaviours such as intrasexual agonistic and intersexual interactions. The relationship between morphology and function is dynamic and sexual pressures can affect bite performance differently between sexes, especially considering the biting position and temporal changes related to the reproductive cycle. The Achala copper lizard (Pristidactylus achalensis) is a highly dimorphic lizard with a short reproductive season. Both sexes present bite scars; however, scar position varies between sexes implying different bite functions. We studied factors influencing bite force such as sex, body size, head morphology and seasonality. We also compared the maximum bite force at two biting positions (frontal and lateral) related to different behaviours (copulation and fighting), and quantified the incidence and scar pattern between sexes. Overall, males bite harder than females and lateral bites were harder than frontal ones. Although bite force did not vary seasonally in males, bite force in females decreased after the reproductive period. Harder bites may confer advantages in mating competition related to the body size in males, while females may benefit from seasonal enhancement of bite force for mate rejection in cases of unwanted copulation.
Coevolution of brain and palate during the diversification of specialized frugivorous bats
Authors: Rojas Danny , Borrero-Ospina María Alejandra , Murillo-García Óscar E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Morphological integration of skull modules can explain the outstanding morphological diversity of the rostrum in phyllostomids, the largest radiation of bats in the Western Hemisphere. However, the covariation of the rostral and caudal modules within adaptive zones, where specializations may impose constraints on morphological diversification, remains unknown. Here we used phylogenetic linear models and accounted for phylogenetic uncertainty to examine the evolutionary relationship between brain volume—as a proxy for neurocranium size—and palate morphology in 42 species of specialized frugivores of the subfamily Stenodermatinae. We found that the palate surface area increased and became relatively wider as brain size increased. This pattern may be pervasive in frugivorous phyllostomids, although different lineages may show different rates of covariation. These results demonstrate that the tight relationship between the two main modules of the skull is consistent at different macroevolutionary scales, providing new insights into the macroevolutionary dynamics of the largest group of Neotropical frugivorous bats.
The influence of tropical seasonality on breeding phenology, growth, survival and movement of a large reptile (Varanus komodoensis)
Authors: Jessop Tim S , Purwandana Deni , Imansyah M Jeri , Ciofi Claudio , Jackson Benu Y , Arieifandy Achmad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTerrestrial animals in global wet-dry tropical ecosystems experience year-round high temperatures but concentrated summer rainfall. This highly seasonal precipitation is expected to have major evolutionary and ecological consequences for animals. We considered how strong seasonal patterns of rainfall might influence the environment and biological attributes of the world’s largest predatory lizard, the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). We predicted that annual variation in rainfall or temperature may influence the seasonal phenology of vegetation, and in turn, the phenology of Komodo dragon reproduction and hatchling emergence. Similarly, seasonal environmental differences may affect Komodo dragon rates of somatic growth, body condition, survival and daily movement. Our results indicated evidence of strong seasonal variation in mean monthly rainfall and leaf area index for open deciduous forest and closed dense forest. These environmental variables were significantly correlated with female Komodo dragon nesting activity and hatchling emergence. Neither Komodo dragon somatic growth rate nor body condition exhibited seasonal differences. There was, however, increased daily movement rates of Komodo dragons during the dry season. This suggests dry season associated life-history activities or thermoregulatory efficiency might explain increased daily movement. Ultimately, the Komodo dragon showed differential sensitivities in its biology to seasonal environmental variation.
The role of sex-biased dispersion in promoting mitonuclear discordance in Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Dessi Mariana C , Franco Fernando F , Cardoso Tecavita A R , Ferreira Kátia M , Bergamo Luana W , Campos Lucio A O , Del Lama Marco A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mitonuclear discordance has been widely reported in animal species. In stingless bees, the occurrence of mitonuclear discordance is favoured by the adopted colony-founding strategy [dependent colony foundation (DCF)], with phylopatric females and dispersing males. To address the extent to which the DCF system is reflected in the population structure of Partamona helleri, a stingless bee found in Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we sampled for sequences of maternally heritable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and biparentally inherited nuclear microsatellite markers in workers from 339 colonies, covering its entire distribution range. We found evidence of mitonuclear discordance in P. helleri, which is compatible with the DCF strategy. Genetic structuring of the mtDNA was associated with the occupation of an area by few female lineages, and genetic structuring of the nuclear DNA was associated with isolation by distance. Phylogeographical analysis showed that the origin of P. helleri seems to have been in the region of the state of Bahia 860 000 years ago and that the divergence between the lineages began 520 000 years ago. From this primary centre of dispersal, a main north-to-south migration route occurred, resulting in the occupation of areas in the southern portion of the Atlantic Forest, probably favoured by the dynamics of evergreen forest expansions during the Quaternary.
Re-assessing species limits in a morphologically cryptic Australasian kingfisher lineage (Coraciiformes: Halcyonidae) using bioacoustic data
Authors: Sin Yong Chee Keita , Eaton James A , Hutchinson Robert O , Rheindt Frank E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The common paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera galatea, species complex comprises 19 taxa distributed across New Guinea and Wallacea. Owing to its highly conserved morphological features, the lineage has been taxonomically confused, with 15 similar-plumaged taxa currently treated as conspecific. To shed light on species limits, we analysed eight bioacoustic parameters across 107 sound recordings using principal component analysis and the Isler criterion, among other methods. Our results show that multiple geographical entities of Tanysiptera paradise-kingfishers form discrete bioacoustic clusters across several vocal parameters, suggesting that species diversity of the common paradise-kingfisher complex has been greatly underestimated. Based on our results, we propose splitting T. galatea into six species: (1) Obi paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera obiensis; (2) Rossel paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera rosseliana; (3) Papuan paradise-kingfisher, T. galatea; (4) Halmahera paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera margarethae; (5) Morotai paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera doris; and (6) Amboyna paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera nais. Our work highlights that the non-invasive collection of avian vocal data is a crucial taxonomic tool and adds to increasing evidence that bioacoustic analyses are effective in elucidating cryptic diversity.
The sodium-glucose cotransporter isoform 1 (SGLT-1) is important for sperm energetics, motility, and fertility
Authors: Numata September , McDermott Jeff P , Sanchez Gladis , Mitra Amrita , Blanco Gustavo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Glucose is a key substrate for supporting sperm energy production and function. Previous studies have demonstrated that sperm glucose uptake is facilitated by several isoforms of the glucose transporters (GLUT). Here, we report that sperm also expresses the Na+-dependent sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT). This was first suggested by our observation that genetic deletion of the testis-specific Na,K-ATPase α4, which impairs the sperm plasma membrane Na+ gradient, reduces glucose uptake and ATP production. Immunoblot analysis revealed the presence of an SGLT in sperm, with specific expression of isoform 1 (SGLT-1), but not of isoform 2 (SGLT-2). Immunocytochemistry identified SGLT-1 in the mid- and principal piece of the sperm flagellum. Inhibition of SGLT-1 with the isotype-selective inhibitor phlorizin significantly reduced glucose uptake, glycolytic activity, and ATP production in noncapacitated and capacitated sperm from wild-type mice. Phlorizin also decreased total sperm motility, as well as other parameters of sperm movement. In contrast, inhibition of SGLT-1 had no significant effect on sperm hyperactivation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, or acrosomal reaction. Importantly, phlorizin treatment impaired the fertilizing capacity of sperm. Altogether, these results demonstrate that mouse sperm express a functional SGLT transport system that is important for supporting sperm energy production, motility, and fertility.