bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying subsurface parameter and transport uncertainty using surrogate modelling and environmental tracers
Authors: Thiros Nicholas E. , Gardner W. Payton , Maneta Marco P. , Brinkerhoff Douglas J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe combine physics‐based groundwater reactive transport modelling with machine‐learning techniques to quantify hydrogeological model and solute transport predictive uncertainties. We train an artificial neural network (ANN) on a dataset of groundwater hydraulic heads and 3H concentrations generated using a high‐fidelity groundwater reactive transport model. Using the trained ANN as a surrogate model to reproduce the input–output response of the high‐fidelity reactive transport model, we quantify the posterior distributions of hydrogeological parameters and hydraulic forcing conditions using Markov chain Monte Carlo calibration against field observations of groundwater hydraulic heads and 3H concentrations. We demonstrate the methodology with a model application that predicts Chlorofluorocarbon‐12 (CFC‐12) solute transport at a contaminated field site in Wyoming, United States. Our results show that including 3H observations in the calibration dataset reduced the uncertainty in the estimated permeability field and infiltration rates, compared to calibration against hydraulic heads alone. However, predictive uncertainty quantification shows that CFC‐12 transport predictions conditioned to the parameter posterior distributions cannot reproduce the field measurements. We found that calibrating the model to hydraulic head and 3H observations results in groundwater mean ages that are too large to explain the observed CFC‐12 concentrations. The coupling of the physics‐based reactive transport model with the machine‐learning surrogate model allows us to efficiently quantify model parameter and predictive uncertainties, which is typically computationally intractable using reactive transport models alone.
Alternative interpretation of the pressure front displacement pulse for pumping tests in confined aquifers
Authors: Neville Christopher J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChesnaux (2018) distinguished between the pressure front displacement pulse and the groundwater displacement during a pumping test in a confined aquifer. The physical interpretation of the expression that Chesnaux adopted for the radial distance travelled by the pressure front is explored. It is shown that the expression adopted by Chesnaux is an implicit statement regarding the magnitude of the head change caused by pumping. The statement is consistent with the integrated effect of a continuous sequence of pulses. Alternative expressions for the migration of the pressure front and celerity are derived that are consistent with the conception of the migration of a pulse.
The effects of financial constraints on the market value of cash in a mandatory dividend context
Authors: Manoel Aviner Augusto Silva , Moraes Marcelo Botelho da Costa , de Araujo Juliano Augusto Orsi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article aims to shed light on the effects of financial constraints on the value shareholders attribute to cash holdings in firms listed on the Brazilian stock exchange, where corporate law determines that publicly listed companies set aside part of their annual profits for dividend payments. While prior empirical literature provides evidence that cash holdings are more valuable for financially constrained companies than for their unconstrained counterparts, we cannot support the hypothesis that the market value of cash increases as obtaining access to external funds becomes more difficult. Our analysis also reveals that constrained companies do not hold significantly higher cash savings than their unconstrained peers. This last result, in turn, is not in line with the precautionary motive for having cash. Moreover, although the principal argument for adopting mandatory dividend rules in Brazil was to increase the protection of minority shareholders, we observe that the contribution of cash holdings to firm value is still small in Brazil, especially in dual‐class companies, because investors expect cash holdings to be partly consumed as private benefits due to the presence of significant agency problems. This research is relevant because it serves as an additional step in understanding how a legal mechanism established by a government to protect investors affects the contribution of cash holdings to firm value. Governments that intend to adopt mandatory dividend rules to safeguard the cash‐flow rights of minority shareholders can use our findings to make better decisions regarding whether to enforce compulsory dividend payments.
A framework to understand the role of IS artifact in ICT4D
Authors: Dini Alfatika Aunuriella , Hatakka Mathias , Sæbø Øystein , Thapa Devinder 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose a framework to explain the possibilities of ICT in ICT4D. The PAR (Possibility, Action, Result) framework is based on the theoretical concepts of IS artifacts, affordances, and the capability approach, and is further refined by findings from an eGovernment project in Indonesia aiming to develop a digital platform to facilitate inclusive public debate for the citizens. The framework describes the process by which IS artifacts enable various action possibilities and choices. Furthermore, the framework shows how actors may realize their possibilities and choices, which in turn enhances their functioning. Our analysis also revealed the role of conversion factors, such as personal commitment and digital literacy, that hindered the actors' ability to actualize the possibilities of ICT. We make three main contributions. First, the PAR framework explains the process by which ICT can enhance individual and collective capabilities. Second, the concept of IS artifacts describes the perception of ICT possibilities and choices in the ICT4D context. Third, the process of feedback explains how an outcome of an action can lead to perception of new affordances.
Internal medicine pharmacy residency programs: Residents' pursuit of post‐residency positions and job market perceptions
Authors: Flurie Rachel W. , Szwak Jennifer Austin , Beck Tina , Herink Megan C. , Wdowiarz Katie , Hong Lisa , Hellwig Thaddaus , Nemecek Branden , Tran Emmeline , Mohammad Rima A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionPostgraduate year 2 (PGY2) internal medicine (IM) pharmacy residency programs have significantly grown over the past several years, and there is a perception that the IM clinical pharmacist job market is saturated. Thus, there is a need to confirm that the job market can support these graduates.ObjectivesTo characterize PGY2 IM pharmacy residency programs and PGY2 IM residents' pursuit of post‐residency positions.MethodsA cross‐sectional, online, anonymous, and voluntary survey was developed, pilot‐tested, and sent to PGY2 IM pharmacy residency graduates from 2015 to 2019 across the United States. Specific aims were to identify and characterize initial jobs PGY2 IM‐trained clinical pharmacists obtained post‐residency and to describe residents' perceptions of the job market and how it influenced the positions they applied for.ResultsOf the 96 PGY2 IM pharmacy residency graduates who received the survey, 62 residents completed the survey (64.6% response rate). All residents accepted a job within 3 months post‐residency. Additionally, 82% of residents agreed that their initial job matched the skills learned during their PGY2 IM pharmacy residency program. Almost half of the residents perceived that the IM clinical pharmacist market had equal supply and demand. Thirty‐nine residents (62%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that overall, they had difficulty finding a job. The top four areas of focus for PGY2 IM pharmacy residency programs were academia, infectious disease, cardiology, and critical care. The areas of focus during residency influenced initial job applications for more than half of the residents.ConclusionAmong a cohort of PGY2 IM pharmacy residency graduates from 2015 to 2019, most were successful in finding employment in a job that matched the skills obtained during residency. Residents perceived that job market supply and demand were equal.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in adolescent and adult patients with autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections
Authors: Prus Kristina , Weidner Krystol , Alquist Caroline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal (PANDAS) infections and pediatric acute‐onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) are typically diagnosed in childhood. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been recommended to remove relevant antibodies and treat symptomatic presentations in children and adolescents, but there are no studies that evaluate the use of TPE in patients who are diagnosed later in life. It is therefore unclear if using an accepted treatment for pediatric PANS/PANDAS patients would be beneficial in adults with prolonged PANDAS/PANS symptomatic histories. This study investigated 16 late adolescent and adult PANDAS/PANS patients' responses to TPE. Improvement was noted in over half of the patients with available follow‐up information.
Made by her vs. him: Gender influences in product preferences and the role of individual action efficacy in restoring social equalities
Authors: Schnurr Benedikt , Halkias Georgios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn response to the growing standardization and impersonalization of the market—side effects of new technology and business automation—consumers increasingly seek more personized purchase experiences, such as buying products directly from the producer. While extant literature has documented the positive effects of personizing market offerings, there is surprisingly little insight about whether knowing who made a product influences consumers' product preferences. We aim to fill this gap by focusing on the critical role of the producer's gender. In 13 studies, including field and online experiments (ntotal = 2978), we observe a general preference for products made by women over products made by men, with female consumers consistently showing a strong preference for products made by women and male consumers showing no systematic preference for either product. We find that this difference between female and male consumers' product preferences occurs because female consumers, in relation to male consumers, hold stronger action efficacy beliefs—beliefs that their individual purchase choices can contribute to restoring gender equalities in business.
Educational performance and conduct problem trajectories from childhood to adolescence: Observational and genetic associations in a Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Martins‐Silva Thais , Bauer Andreas , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná , Barros Aluísio , Ekelund Ulf , Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana , Murray Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEducational difficulties are an important potential influence on both the onset and course of children's conduct problems. This study evaluated the association between school failure and children's conduct problems in Brazil, a context with high rates of both conditions, using both observational and genetic approaches.MethodsProspective, population‐based, birth cohort study in Pelotas city, Brazil. Parents reported on conduct problems four times between ages 4–15 years, and group‐based trajectory analysis was used to classify 3469 children into trajectories of childhood‐limited, early‐onset persistent, adolescence‐onset, or low conduct problems. School failure was measured as having repeated a school grade up to age 11, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) predicting educational attainment was calculated. Multinomial adjusted regression models were used to estimate the association between school failure (observational measure and the PRS) and conduct problem trajectories. To consider possible variation in effects of school failure by social context, interactions were tested with family income and school environment (using both observational and PRS methods).ResultsChildren repeating a school grade had increased odds of being on to childhood‐limited (OR: 1.57; 95% CI 1.21; 2.03), adolescence‐onset (OR: 1.96; 95% CI 1.39; 2.75), or early‐onset persistent trajectory (OR: 2.99; 95% CI 1.85; 4.83), compared to the low conduct problem trajectory. School failure also predicted increased risk for early‐onset persistent problems versus the childhood‐limited problems (OR: 1.91; 95% CI 1.17; 3.09). Using a genetic PRS approach, similar findings were observed. Associations varied according to the school environment: school failure had larger effects on children in better school environments.ConclusionSchool performance, whether measured in terms of repeating school grades or genetic susceptibility, was consistently associated with trajectories of child conduct problems into mid‐adolescence. We also found a larger association for children in better school environments.
Beyond Defiance: An Augmented Investment Perspective on Creativity
Authors: Sternberg Robert J , Lubart Todd 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAn investment perspective on creativity, proposed 30 years ago, no longer seems adequate, nor do various revisions of the model made since then. The world, or at least the way many people experience it, has changed and so have the challenges for creativity. In particular, creativity is being used to increasingly greater effect in negative ways and in ways that lack integrity with respect both to internal coherence and external correspondence to the world. To understand creativity and adequately teach it, people need to take into account its positivity and its integrity with respect to internal coherence and external correspondence.
Validity of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Children
Authors: Daniels Kelly E. , Shaffer Amber D. , Garbin Steven , Squires Judy H. , Vaughan Kevin G. , Viswanathan Pushpa , Witchel Selma F. , Mollen Kevin P. , Yip Linwah , Monaco Sara E. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Simons Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the validity of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI‐RADS) for evaluating thyroid nodules in children.MethodsPatients aged <19 years with thyroid nodule(s) evaluated by ultrasound (US) from 2007–2018 at a tertiary children's hospital were included. Two radiologists scored de‐identified thyroid US images using ACR TI‐RADS (from 1, “benign” to 5, “highly suspicious”). The radiologists recorded size and rated vascularity for each nodule. Ultrasound findings were compared to pathology results (operative cases, n = 91) and clinical follow‐up without disease progression (non‐operative cases, n = 15).ResultsThyroid images from 115 patients were reviewed. Nine patients were excluded due to the absence of an evaluable nodule. Forty‐seven benign and 59 malignant nodules were included. Median age at ultrasound was 15 years (range 0.9–18 years). Twenty (18.9%) patients were male. There was moderate agreement between TI‐RADS levels assigned by the two raters (kappa = 0.57, p < 0.001). When the raters' levels were averaged, >3 as the threshold for malignancy correctly categorized the greatest percentage of nodules (68.9%). Eleven (18.6%) malignant nodules received a TI‐RADS level of 2 (n = 3) or 3 (n = 8). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 81.4%, 53.2%, 68.6%, and 69.4%, respectively. Although not part of TI‐RADS, vascularity was similar between benign and malignant nodules (p = 0.56).ConclusionIn a pediatric population, TI‐RADS can help distinguish between benign and malignant nodules with comparable sensitivity and specificity to adults. However, the positive and negative predictive values suggest TI‐RADS alone cannot eliminate the need for FNA.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2394–2401, 2023
Change in chorda tympani nerve function after two‐stage tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma
Authors: Nishimura Riu , Miuchi Shinya , Ikehata Miki , Sakagami Masafumi , Tsuzuki Kenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesChorda tympani nerve (CTN) function may be damaged more by two‐stage than by one‐stage surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma. However, few studies have reported the relationship between two‐stage cholesteatoma surgery and CTN function. This study aimed to investigate CTN function after two‐stage surgery for cholesteatoma.MethodsIn this prospective study, 35 patients underwent two‐stage canal wall up tympanoplasty (CWUT). Perioperative CTN function was assessed using questionnaires and electrogustometry (EGM). Participants were categorized into minor, major, and section groups, based on the degree of CTN manipulation during surgery.ResultsIn the first‐stage surgery, posterior tympanotomy with an intact canal wall reduced the degree of CTN manipulation. The incidence of taste disorder after the first‐stage surgery was 71.4%. Postoperative taste disorder and the EGM threshold improved early in the minor manipulation group. In the second‐stage surgery, no new CTN damage occurred, even if this surgery involved removal of residual cholesteatoma. The incidence of taste disorder after second‐stage surgery was less than that after first‐stage surgery, independent of CTN preservation. However, the recovery rate of the EGM threshold after second‐stage surgery was significantly lower in the section group than in those with CTN preservation.ConclusionCTN function, including symptoms and EGM threshold, can be preserved during two‐stage cholesteatoma surgery if care is taken to preserve the CTN in both the first‐ and second‐stage surgeries. A two‐stage CWUT, ensuring an intact bony annulus, may be effective to facilitate CTN preservation.Level of Evidence2b.
Epidemiology of pediatric acute mastoiditis in Israel: A National Registry 10‐year perspective
Authors: Samuel Orit , Saliba Walid , Stein Nili , Shiner Yotam , Cohen‐Kerem Raanan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrevious small studies have proposed a higher incidence of acute mastoiditis in Israeli pediatric patients than in other Western countries. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of acute mastoiditis and its epidemiological features over a decade, in order to identify variables that could possibly affect the incidence.MethodsAll admitted patients aged <18 years diagnosed with acute mastoiditis between 2008 and 2018 at Clalit Healthcare Services were identified and a database was generated.ResultsA total of 1189 and 1115 patients met the inclusion criteria, respectively. Acute mastoiditis diagnosis was confirmed in 95.2% of the patients. The incidence was 7.78 cases per 100,000 children‐years but was significantly higher in children under 2 years of age (average of 38.31 per 100,000 children‐years). No specific pattern was observed in the annualized incidence rate during the study period. Acute mastoiditis was significantly more common in children of Jewish descent than non‐Jewish (10.4 vs. 3.03 per 100,000 children‐years, P < 0.001) and of high socioeconomic status and is more common in the winter. The prevalence of household parental smoking (52%) was more than double that previously reported in the Israeli population.ConclusionsA higher incidence of acute mastoiditis was observed in the Israeli population than in other reports. The age‐dependent rate was identified along with unique epidemiological features such as seasonality, higher incidence in patients of Jewish descent, or high socioeconomic status. Related parental smoking habits lend further support against the exposure of young children to household smoking.Level of evidence: Individual retrospective cohort study.
Potential of Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering for Evaluating Protein Locus within a Polymersome
Authors: Palinske Max , Muza Upenyu L. , Moreno Silvia , Appelhans Dietmar , Boye Susanne , Schweins Ralf , Lederer Albena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPost‐loading of polymersomes with different bio(macro)molecules has been successfully demonstrated, thus mimicking the diffusion processes through biological membranes. However, it is still an open issue the extent to which this diffusion process leads to transmembrane transportation, or rather encapsulation of cargo within the membrane. In this study, well‐established pH‐responsive and cross‐linked polymeric vesicles are studied. A pH‐controllable and stable membrane, as well as a hollow particle shape and membrane uniformity are confirmed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM). Post‐loading with myoglobin (Mb) as a model enzyme is analyzed using multidetector asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (AF4). Advanced analysis of conformational parameters allowed for the estimation of enzyme localization and the pH‐dependent loading efficiency thereof. Static light scattering coupled to AF4 is employed to successfully deliver information on the global size of the polymersomes (>50 nm). Furthermore, membrane structure and thickness, which are in the few nanometer range, can be successfully analyzed using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). Deuterated solvent as well as Mb deuteration for tuning the contrast are considered. Two different vesicle model fits, as well as Kratky–Porod interpretation confirm effective determination of vesicle core and membrane thickness and for evaluation of the membrane changes after post‐loading.
Laser optics for the perfect cut
Authors: Griguhn Marc‐Gordon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor many years, the main use of lasers was in the sciences. They were used primarily in spectroscopy, measurement technology, and nuclear physics. With the invention of the diode laser, they began to be used in everyday applications ranging from CD players to communications technology. Ever‐increasing performance has long since opened up further applications. For example, lasers can now even cut centimeter‐thick sheet steel.
The role of trust in the acceptance of adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Constanze Elfgen , Uwe Güth , Christoph Tausch , Kavitha Däster , Dominik Ritter , Urte Scholz , Walter Bierbauer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveDespite adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) considerably reducing mortality and recurrence in hormonal receptor‐positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) patients, acceptance of AET remains an issue. The reasoning behind the lack of acceptance is complex and multifactorial, and some associated risk factors have been previously analyzed. Our study aims to assess women's beliefs and concerns toward AET and women's trust in the treating physician, focusing on determining the importance of these factors in the acceptance of AET.MethodsOut of n = 539, n = 269 women with HR + BC participated in a cross‐sectional online survey. The main study variables were AET necessity beliefs and concerns (Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire) and the trust in treating physicians. A binary hierarchical logistic regression was applied to predict AET acceptance.ResultsWe did not observe a meaningful mean difference in the necessity beliefs between women who accepted versus refused AET by the time of study conduct. Women with ongoing AET intake indicated significantly higher trust in their treating physician (d = 0.57) and have lower concerns (d = −1.65) regarding AET than women who had declined or discontinued AET prematurely. Results of the logistic regression demonstrated that after adjusting for clinical factors (e.g., prognosis, age), higher trust and lower concerns significantly increased the likelihood of accepting AET treatment.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the importance of discussing potential concerns regarding AET and establishing a trustful patient‐physician relationship, which outweighs non‐modifiable factors such as cancer prognosis.