bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Expression and Morphology Control in Polymer Dispersion Systems
Authors: Cheng Xiaoxiao , Miao Tengfei , Ma Yafei , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chiral self‐assembly of polymers in dispersions plays an important role in chiral chemistry and self‐assembly. In general, both polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) and post‐polymerization self‐assembly can be used to prepare polymer nanoassemblies. In chirality induction or transfer processes, the self‐assembly manner of the polymers greatly affects the chiral expression of the nanostructure and cannot be ignored in the chiral fields. Moreover, unique chiral expression and morphological transition of polymer assemblies in dispersions enable the preparation of advanced functional chiroptical materials. Herein, this Review discusses recent advances in chiral expression and morphology control in polymer dispersion systems, particularly the comparison between traditional post‐polymerization self‐assembly and in situ PISA strategies, to predict and advance chirality control in polymers.
Atomically Dispersed Zn‐Stabilized Niδ+ Enabling Tunable Selectivity for CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Yaning , Feng Kai , Tian Jiaming , Zhang Jiajun , Zhao Baohuai , Luo Kai Hong , Yan Binhang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor a heterogeneous catalytic process, the performance of catalysts could be improved by modifying the active metal with a second element. Determining the enhanced mechanism of the second element is essential to the rational design of catalysts. In this work, Zn was introduced as a second element into Ni/ZrO2 for CO2 hydrogenation. In contrast to Ni/ZrO2, the selectivity of NiZn/ZrO2 is observed to shift from CH4 to CO. A series of structural characterization results reveals that Zn is atomically dispersed in the NiO and ZrO2 phases as NiZnOx and ZnZrOx, respectively during CO2 hydrogenation, stabilizing a higher valence state of Ni (Niδ+) under a hydrogenation atmosphere over Ni−O−Zn site and thus promoting the generation of CO. These findings shed light on the O‐mediated bimetallic effect of NiZn/ZrO2 and bring new insight into the rational design of more efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
Experimental repatriation of snowshoe hares along a southern range boundary reveals historical community interactions
Authors: Wilson Evan C. , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Peery M. Zachariah , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change is altering interspecific interactions globally, yet community‐level responses are difficult to predict due to both the direct and indirect effects of changing abiotic and biotic conditions. Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are particularly vulnerable to decreasing snow cover and resultant camouflage mismatch. This species shares a suite of predators with alternative prey species including porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) and ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), and all three species historically exhibited synchronized population dynamics. Recently, the community has become partially disassembled, notably with the loss of snowshoe hares and associated enemy‐mediated indirect interactions resulting from declining snow duration. Specifically, we hypothesized that the extirpation of hares in the early 1990s indirectly increased predation pressure on ruffed grouse and porcupines. To test our hypothesis, we experimentally translocated 96 snowshoe hares to a site within a regional ecotone between northern and southern forests where snowshoe hares were recently extirpated and monitored community members before, during, and after translocation. Ruffed grouse were only loosely associated with the biotic interactions that linked porcupines and snowshoe hares, likely due to predation occurring from avian predators and strong negative direct effects of declining winter snow depths. In contrast, predation of neonate porcupines was virtually non‐existent following repatriation, compared with periods without hares. This abrupt attenuation of predation did not increase overall survival due to increased non‐predation mortality from cold, early spring weather. Porcupines directly benefited from warming winters: decreased snow cover increased adult survival and warmer temperatures around parturition increased maternal condition and reduced non‐predation causes of mortality for neonates. Our experimental manipulation suggests that enemy‐mediated indirect interactions were likely to be important features of this community; however, climate change has disrupted these interactions, resulting in extirpation of a central prey species (snowshoe hare) and increased predation of an alternative prey species (porcupine). We show complex effects from climate change with some species directly and negatively affected, while others benefited from direct effects of warming winters, but suffered negative effects from indirect interactions. Due to absent snowshoe hares and associated biotic interactions, continued persistence of this community module is unlikely, potentially resulting in altered no‐analog communities along trailing edge distributions.
Heart transplantation outcomes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a contemporary national analysis
Authors: Giuliano Katherine , Scheel Paul , Etchill Eric , Fraser Charles D. , Suarez‐Pierre Alejandro , Hsu Steven , Wittstein Ilan S. , Kasper Edward K. , Florido Roberta , Tandri Harikrishna , Calkins Hugh , Choi Chun W. , Sharma Kavita , Kilic Ahmet , Gilotra Nisha A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsHeart failure is an increasingly recognized later stage manifestation of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) that can require heart transplantation (HT) to appropriately treat. We aimed to study contemporary ARVC HT outcomes in a national registry.Methods and resultsThe United Network for Organ Sharing registry was queried for HT recipients from 1/1994 through 2/2020. ARVC patients were compared with non‐ARVC dilated, restrictive, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HT patients (HT for ischaemic and valvular disease was excluded from analysis). Post‐HT survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. A total of 189 of 252 (75%) waitlisted ARVC patients (median age 48 years, 65% male) underwent HT, representing 0.3% of the total 65 559 HT during the study time period. Annual frequency of HT for ARVC increased significantly over time. ARVC patients had less diabetes (5% vs. 17%, P < 0.001), less cigarette use (15% vs. 23%, P < 0.001), lower pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, and lower cardiac output than the 33 659 non‐ARVC patients (P < 0.001). Ventricular assist device use was significantly lower in ARVC patients (8% vs. 32%, P < 0.001); 1 and 5 year post‐HT survival was 97% and 93% for ARVC vs. 95% and 82% for non‐ARVC HT recipients (P < 0.001). On adjusted multivariable Cox regression, ARVC had decreased risk of post‐HT death compared with non‐ARVC aetiologies (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.82, P = 0.008). Patients with ARVC also had lower risk of death or graft failure than non‐ARVC patients (hazard ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.32–0.81, P = 0.004).ConclusionsIn the largest series of HT in ARVC, we found that HT is increasingly performed in ARVC, with higher survival compared with other cardiomyopathy aetiologies. The right ventricular predominant pathophysiology may require unique considerations for heart failure management, including HT.
Specificity of mouse and human Fcgamma receptors and their polymorphic variants for IgG subclasses of different species
Authors: Wang Yu , Krémer Vanessa , Iannascoli Bruno , Goff Odile Richard‐Le , Mancardi David A. , Ramke Leoni , de Chaisemartin Luc , Bruhns Pierre , Jönsson Friederike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIgG is the predominant antibody class generated during infections and used for the generation of therapeutic antibodies. Antibodies are mainly characterized in or generated from animal models that support particular infections, respond to particular antigens or allow the generation of hybridomas. Due to the availability of numerous transgenic mouse models and the ease of performing bioassays with human blood cells in vitro, most antibodies from species other than mice and humans are tested in vitro using human cells and/or in vivo using mice. In this process, it is expected, but not yet systematically documented, that IgG from these species interact with human or mouse IgG receptors (FcγRs). In this study, we undertook a systematic assessment of binding specificities of IgG from various species to the families of mouse and human FcγRs including their polymorphic variants. Our results document the specific binding patterns for each of these IgG (sub)classes, reveal possible caveats of antibody‐based immunoassays, and will be a useful reference for the transition from one animal model to preclinical mouse models or human cell‐based bioassays.
The Mizoroki‐Heck Reaction in Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lerch Swantje , Fritsch Stefan , Strassner Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report the use of imidazolium based tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) as solvents in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. Different commercially available palladium sources, inorganic bases, TAAILs and reaction conditions were tested for the synthesis of trans‐stilbene using bromobenzene and styrene. A variety of different stilbene derivatives were synthesized with exclusive formation of the (E)‐isomers and isolated yields up to 97 %. We were able to optimize the reaction conditions using only 0.25 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and a reaction time of 4 hours. No additional ligands or additives are used in the reaction. The catalytic system using TAAILs achieved higher yields than commercially available imidazolium and phosphonium ionic liquids, demonstrating the potential of tailored ionic liquids as a reaction medium for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction.
The mind‐in‐mind study: A pilot randomised controlled trial that compared modified mentalisation based treatment with supportive clinical management for patients with eating disorders without borderline personality disorder
Authors: Sonntag Miranda , Russell Janice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveMentalisation‐based treatment (MBT) aims to improve reflective functioning. There is a growing evidence base outlining positive clinical outcomes for the use of MBT in eating disorder patients with co‐morbid borderline personality disorder (BPD). The use of MBT has not been studied for eating disorder patients without BPD. This pilot study is an exploratory randomised controlled trial in which outcomes from MBT are compared with standard clinical management in a cohort of patients diagnosed with an eating disorder but not BPD. The main objectives were two‐fold—to explore the use of MBT as a therapeutic modality and to test the acceptability and feasibility of the protocol design.MethodThirty‐two participants were randomised to receive either MBT or standard treatment during an inpatient eating disorders program. All patients enrolled in the study were diagnosed with an eating disorder but did not meet DSM‐5 criteria for BPD. On admission patients were categorised as very underweight (BMI 15.0–16.4 kg/m2), underweight (BMI 16.5–18.4 kg/m2) or healthy weight range (BMI ≥ 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Upon discharge participants were further categorised as weight restored (BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2) or non‐weight restored (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). The primary outcome was the subscale score on the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ‐8). Secondary outcomes were subscale scores on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)‐21. Participants were assessed at baseline and on discharge. Statistical significance was determined using repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsBoth groups experienced improvements in eating disorder symptoms and measures of psychological well‐being. Participants within the MBT group exhibited greater improvements in reflective capacity as defined by the RFQ‐8 however these benefits appeared to be limited to patients who achieved weight restoration at discharge. The eligibility criteria—which excluded comorbid BPD—led to challenges in recruitment which limited the power of the study analysis. As participants with a range of different eating disorder diagnoses were included this led to complexities in estimating the treatment effect within a defined cohort.ConclusionsAlthough the small sample size must be noted as a limitation—the finding that weight restoration appears to be associated with improvements in reflective capacity in MBT would be worth exploring in a subsequent larger study. Modification of eligibility criteria and recruitment from a defined cohort may increase the efficiency of a future study.
Debris flow initiation in postglacial terrain: Insights from shallow landslide initiation models and geomorphic mapping in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Patton Annette I. , Roering Joshua J. , Orland Elijah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDebris flows pose persistent hazards and shape high‐relief landscapes in diverse physiographic settings, but predicting the spatiotemporal occurrence of debris flows in postglacial topography remains challenging. To evaluate the debris flow process in high‐relief postglacial terrain, we conducted a geomorphic investigation to characterize geologic, glacial, volcanic, and land use contributions to landslide initiation across Southeast Alaska. To evaluate controls on landslide (esp. debris flow) occurrence in Sitka, we used field observation, geomorphic mapping, landslide characteristics as documented in the Tongass National Forest inventory, and a novel application of the shallow landslide model SHALSTAB to postglacial terrain. A complex geomorphic history of glaciation and volcanic activity provides a template for spatially heterogeneous landslide occurrence. Landslide density across the region is highly variable, but debris flow density is high on south‐ or southeast‐facing hillslopes where volcanic tephra soils are present and/or where timber harvest has occurred since 1900. High landslide density along the western coast of Baranof and Kruzof islands coincides with deposition of glacial sediment and thick tephra and exposure to extreme rainfall from atmospheric rivers on south‐facing aspects but the relative contributions of these controls are unclear. Timber harvest has also been identified as an important control on landslide occurrence in the region. Focusing on a subset of geo‐referenced landslides near Sitka, we used the SHALSTAB shallow landslide initiation model, which has been frequently applied in non‐glacial terrain, to identify areas of high landslide potential in steep, convergent terrain. In a validation against mapped landslide polygons, the model significantly outperformed random guessing, with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.709 on a performance classification curve of true positives vs. false positives. This successful application of SHALSTAB demonstrates practical utility for hazards analysis in postglacial landscapes to mitigate risk to people and infrastructure.
On‐site geometric calibration of RPAS mounted sensors for SfM photogrammetric geomorphological surveys
Authors: Senn Johannes Antenor , Mills Jon , Walsh Claire L. , Addy Stephen , Peppa Maria‐Valasia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe application of structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry for digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophoto generation from visible imagery enjoys ever‐growing popularity in geomorphological research. Photogrammetry experts, however, urge that a rigorous approach is a prerequisite for reliable results—a requirement that may conflict with real‐world survey. We present a method that unites the two disciplines, using the example of a challenging SfM photogrammetric survey at a Scottish river. Using simultaneous geometric pre‐calibration of a multi‐sensor remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS), the method facilitates time‐efficient topography mapping and the integration of other wavelengths to create orthophotos providing additional surface information. The approach utilizes an on‐site 3D structure—for example, a building, as calibration object, by extracting coordinates of natural features from lidar scans and sensor imagery. We assess the workflow with specialized calibration software (VMS) and widely applied commercial SfM photogrammetric software (AM), using a DJI Phantom optical and a Workswell thermal sensor. We achieved calibration accuracies below one‐third (optical) and one‐quarter (thermal) of a pixel. Subsequently, we transfer the sensor parameters to pre‐calibrate the SfM application and compare the results to a self‐calibrated workflow. In a systematic experiment using the optical river survey dataset, we assess the effectiveness of pre‐calibration, oblique imagery, scale variation and masking to mitigate systematic DEM errors. Opposing trends show between the calibration strategies. Decreasing network complexity (i.e., flying heights/view angles) improves pre‐calibrated but compromises self‐calibrated scenarios. Pre‐calibrating (VMS) imagery from a single height (30 m nadir) yielded the best results. This finding could have implications for geomorphological surveys, in which single‐scale datasets are widespread practice, despite the literature's urge towards more complex imaging networks. The self‐calibrated results legitimise this insistence: The same dataset resulted in pronounced dome‐shaped DEM distortion, indicating systematic errors, whereas additional flying heights and angles significantly improved the results.
Trends in Global, Regional, and National Burden and Quality of Care Index for Liver Cancer by Cause from Global Burden of Disease 1990‐2019
Authors: Ghamari Seyyed‐Hadi , Yoosefi Moein , Abbasi‐Kangevari Mohsen , Malekpour Mohammad‐Reza , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Shahin Sarvenaz , Esfahani Zahra , Koolaji Sogol , Shobeiri Parnian , Ghaffari Aydin , Sohrabi Hanye , Kazemi Ameneh , Rezaei Negar , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: February 2022

Despite the tremendous burden of liver cancer and its underlying causes on humankind, there appear to be heterogeneities in coping approaches. The objective of this study was to compare the burden and the quality‐of‐care of liver cancer by causes among different countries and regions in both sexes and various age groups 1990‐2019. Data of liver cancer and underlying causes, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol use, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other causes were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Incidence, prevalence, death, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) were assessed. Principal component analysis was used to combine age‐standardized mortality‐to‐incidence ratio, DALY‐to‐prevalence ratio, prevalence‐to‐incidence ratio, and years of life lost–to–years lived with disability into a single proxy named Quality of Care Index (QCI). Globally, the age‐standardized incidence, DALYs, and death rates decreased from 1990 to 2019, while the QCI scores increased by 68.5%. The QCI score of liver cancer was from as high as 83.3 in high Sociodemographic Index (SDI) countries to values as low as 26.4 in low SDI countries in 2019. Japan had the highest QCI score (QCI = 100). The age‐standardized death rates of liver cancer due to all underlying causes were decreasing during the past 30 years, with the most decrease for HBV. Consistently, the global QCI scores of liver cancer due to HBV, HCV, alcohol use, NASH, and other causes reached 53.5, 61.8, 54.3, 52.9, and 63.7, respectively, in 2019. Conclusion: Although the trends in burden are decreasing and the QCI improved from 1990 to 2019 globally, there is a wide gap between countries. Given the inequities in health care quality, there is an urgent need to address discrimination and bridge the gap.
Domain adaptation and weight initialization of neural networks for diagnosing interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Thorat Onkar , Salvi Siddharth , Dedhia Shrey , Bhadane Chetashri , Dongre Deepika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are adverse disorders, damaging the lung tissues, thus making timely diagnosis imperative. To counter the scarcity of publicly available high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) data, architecture employing HRCT and x‐ray data have been proposed for diagnosing ILDs. A model is first trained to diagnose three ILDs and a healthy lung from x‐ray data and then with a small amount of HRCT data of the same four classes. We introduce an EfficientNet+AlexNet model and a custom deep convolutional neural network and compare their performances with different weight initialization at the start of x‐ray image training. The EfficientNet+AlexNet model initialized with ImageNet weights performed best on the x‐ray dataset and was later used for domain adaptation. We also compare our model's performance to a single pre‐trained EfficientNetB0 model (trained on the same HRCT data). Our model gave an accuracy of 97.4% on the testing dataset, a notable increase in the performance compared to the recently proposed methodologies. The experimental results and graphical plots depict the superiority of domain adaptation and the potentials of weights that are a starting point for training the models.
Evaluation of late‐season nitrogen source application on autumn color and winter injury of ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass in the upper transition zone of the United States
Authors: Goldsby Anthony , Fry Jack , Chhetri Manoj 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLate summer and autumn application of nitrogen (N) to bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) in the transition zone has been associated with enhanced turfgrass color but has been thought to increase the potential for winter injury. Eleven N sources were applied in late summer and early autumn to provide a total annual N level of 98 kg ha−1 in Olathe, KS to evaluate fall color and spring green coverage of ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Treatments included experimental coated urea fertilizers, N sources containing urease inhibitors, urea, and nontreated turfgrass. Significant winter injury occurred throughout the experimental area. Turfgrass color in late October was positively correlated with green coverage evaluated in May (r = .55; P < .001). For example, bermudagrass treated with AND3.0EX (Poly/Humic Coated Urea) had a color rating of 3.5 (1 to 9 scale; 9 = dark green) in late October, and green coverage in May was 44%. Nontreated turfgrass had a color rating of 1.5 in late October, and green coverage in May was 8%. Enhanced winter survival of bermudagrass following late‐season N application may require that turfgrass managers rethink traditional N programs limiting application to only late spring and midsummer dates in the transition zone.