bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant water uptake modelling: added value of cross‐disciplinary approaches
Authors: Dubbert M. , Couvreur V. , Kübert A. , Werner C. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn recent years, research interest in plant water uptake strategies has rapidly increased in many disciplines, such as hydrology, plant ecology and ecophysiology. Quantitative modelling approaches to estimate plant water uptake and spatiotemporal dynamics have significantly advanced through different disciplines across scales. Despite this progress, major limitations, for example, predicting plant water uptake under drought or drought impact at large scales, remain. These are less attributed to limitations in process understanding, but rather to a lack of implementation of cross‐disciplinary insights into plant water uptake model structure. The main goal of this review is to highlight how the four dominant model approaches, that is, Feddes approach, hydrodynamic approach, optimality and statistical approaches, can be and have been used to create interdisciplinary hybrid models enabling a holistic system understanding that, among other things, embeds plant water uptake plasticity into a broader conceptual view of soil–plant feedbacks of water, nutrient and carbon cycling, or reflects observed drought responses of plant–soil feedbacks and their dynamics under, that is, drought. Specifically, we provide examples of how integration of Bayesian and hydrodynamic approaches might overcome challenges in interpreting plant water uptake related to different travel and residence times of different plant water sources or trade‐offs between root system optimization to forage for water and nutrients during different seasons and phenological stages.
Enolase2 regulates seed fatty acid accumulation via mediating carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Liu Zijin , Liu Huimin , Zheng Lamei , Xu Fan , Wu Yu , Pu Li , Zhang Genfa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn many higher plants, fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis is coordinately regulated at multiple levels by intricate regulatory networks. However, the factors and their regulatory mechanisms underlying seed oil accumulation are still limited. Here, we identified that loss of glycolytic metalloenzyme enolase2 (AtENO2) activity increased the contents of total FAs and salicylic acid (SA) but reduced the accumulation of flavonoids and mucilage by regulating the expression of key genes involved in their biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. AtENO2 physically interacts with the transcription factor AtTGA5, which may participate in the regulation of SA levels. Non‐targeted metabolomics analysis of eno2− and WT also showed that the levels of three flavonoids, quercetin‐3‐galactoside, quercitrin, and epicatechin, were significantly decreased in eno2−, and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was also enriched in the KEGG analysis. Meanwhile, the mutation of AtENO2 delayed silique ripening, thereby prolonging silique photosynthesis time, allowing siliques to generate more photosynthesis products for FA biosynthesis. These results reveal a molecular mechanism by AtENO2 to regulate seed oil accumulation in A. thaliana, providing potential targets for improving crop seed oil quality.
Biofertilisation with a consortium of growth‐promoting bacterial strains improves the nutritional status of wheat grain under control, drought, and salinity stress conditions
Authors: Yaghoubi Khanghahi Mohammad , AbdElgawad Hamada , Verbruggen Erik , Korany Shereen Magdy , Alsherif Emad A. , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Crecchio Carmine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effect of plant growth‐promoting bacterial strains (PGPB) as biofertilisers on the grain metabolic composition of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). To this aim, we conducted a greenhouse experiment where we grew durum wheat plants supplied with a biofertiliser consortium of four PGPB and/or chemical fertiliser (containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc), under non‐stress, drought (at 40% field capacity), or salinity (150 mM NaCl) conditions. Nutrient accumulations in the grain were increased in plants treated with the biofertiliser consortium, alone or with a half dose of chemical fertilisers, compared to those in no fertilisation treatment. A clear benefit of biofertiliser application in the improvement of protein, soluble sugar, starch, and lipid contents in the grains was observed in comparison with untreated controls, especially under stress conditions. The most striking observation was the absence of significant differences between biofertiliser and chemical fertiliser treatments for most parameters. Moreover, the overall response to the biofertiliser consortium was accompanied by greater changes in amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, PGPB improved the metabolic and nutrient status of durum wheat grains to a similar extent as chemical fertilisers, particularly under stress conditions, demonstrating the value of PGPB as a sustainable fertilisation treatment.
Bilateral motor cortex functional differences in left‐handed approaching–avoiding behavior
Authors: Xia Xue , Pi Yanling , Xia Jing , Li Yansong , Shi Qingde , Zhang Jian , Tan Xiaoying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutomatic action tendencies occur at behavioral and neurophysiological levels during task performance with the dominant right hand, with shorter reaction times (RTs) and higher excitability of the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) during automatic vs. regulated behavior. However, effects associated with the non‐dominant left‐hand in approaching–avoiding behavior remain unclear. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation during the performance by 18 participants of an approaching–avoiding task using the non‐dominant left hand. Single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over left or right M1 at 150 and 300 ms after the onset of an emotional stimulus. RTs and motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded. Significant automatic action tendencies were observed at the behavioral level. Higher MEP amplitudes were detected 150 ms after stimulus onset from the right hand (non‐task hand, corresponding to left M1) during regulated behavior compared with during automatic behavior. However, no significant modulation was found for MEP amplitudes from the left hand (task hand, corresponding to right M1). These findings suggested that left M1 may play a principal role in the early phase of mediating left‐handed movement toward an emotional stimulus.
Mounding treatments set back bryophyte recovery on linear disturbances in treed peatlands
Authors: Echiverri Laureen F. I. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Nielsen Scott E. 
Published: October 2022

Treed peatlands are dominated by bryophytes, particularly Sphagnum spp., which create the characteristic hummock‐hollow microtopography. This, in turn, shapes the distribution of bryophyte communities. Disturbances can lead to a loss of this microtopographic variation, impacting the bryophyte community. Seismic lines are deforested linear disturbances (approximately 3–8 m wide) created during oil and gas exploration and very extensive in Alberta, Canada. Loss of microtopographic variation leads to slow tree recovery on seismic lines in treed peatlands. To facilitate tree establishment, mounding is being applied to restore the microtopography on seismic lines. We compared bryophyte communities on unmounded and mounded seismic lines (18 years after seismic line creation, 3 years after mounding), and in adjacent treed fens as the reference, to evaluate how recovery varies with microtopographic position (i.e., top of hummock, slope or side of the hummock, and level ground). We found that recovery on the unmounded seismic lines was underway 18 years after seismic lines were created, while mounding redisturbed the sites and thus set back recovery, at least in the short term (3 years post‐mounding). In unmounded seismic lines, Sphagnum cover was similar to that of reference treatments at all microtopographic positions. In contrast, mounded seismic lines had lower Sphagnum cover and higher cover of true mosses (sans feather mosses) than reference and unmounded treatments. Overall, these results show mounding sets back the recovery of bryophyte communities—the very organisms responsible for the microtopographic variation we are trying to establish. Further monitoring is needed to understand how this changes over time.
The impacts of ecological mowing combined with conventional mechanical or herbicide management on weeds in orange orchards
Authors: Martinelli Rodrigo , Rufino‐Jr. Luiz Renato , Desiderio Daniel Rodrigues , Alcántara‐de la Cruz Ricardo , Monquero Patricia Andrea , Azevedo Fernando Alves de 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn fruit crops like citrus, weeds coexist throughout their long cycle and can cause several yield losses. Ecological mowing (ECO) is an integrated weed management (IWM) option for citrus, as it produces an in‐situ mulch that suppresses the weeds; however, there is a lack of information on the impacts of tree‐row conventional (CONV) and ECO mechanical weed control when combined with residual or non‐residual herbicides, or standard frequent mechanical (MECH) control. This study aimed to evaluate, for 3 years in a young orange orchard, IWM using ECO and conventional mowing when combined with one of five weed control programmes: pre‐emergent (PRE) herbicides (sulfentrazone [spring], indaziflam [summer]), post‐emergence (POST) herbicides (glyphosate [spring], saflufenacil [summer]), PRE + POST herbicides (sulfentrazone + glyphosate [spring], indaziflam + saflufenacil [summer]) and P/P (pre/post‐emergence duality) herbicides (flumioxazin [spring], diuron [summer]). Impacts on cover crop biomass deposition, weed density, population dynamics, biomass accumulation and seed banks were evaluated. Alternanthera tenella Colla (joyweed), Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks), Digitaria horizontalis Willd (crabgrass), Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (smallflower galinsoga) and Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) were the most critical weeds with changes in their population dynamics over time. The ECO treatment promoted greater biomass deposition in the tree‐rows (up to ≈8.0 t ha−1), reducing weed density and biomass accumulation by mulch formation; similarly, MECH resulted in low weed density and a reduction in biomass accumulation. The POST and P/P treatments resulted in low levels of weed control, while ECO + PRE + POST led to almost absolute weed control (>95%). Thus, we suggest ECO + PRE + POST is an efficient IWM option in citrus tree‐row crops with low‐risk herbicide resistance (up to 5 MoA year−1 + mulch).
Analysis and Optimization of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector to Improve Its Optical Performance
Authors: Goel Anubhav , Mahadeva Rajesh , Manik Gaurav 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article presents a detailed analysis of parameters that affect the optical performance of parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) and proposes a suitable method to optimize the relevant ones. A mathematical model is drafted and simulated for known geometry and parameters of industrial solar technology (IST) PTSC. The model was evaluated for three different configurations of IST PTSC involving distinct components. A comparison between the experimental results and model estimations indicates a maximum root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.7997, confirming the reliability of the proposed model. The influence of variations in absorber diameter (Dao), length (lrc), width (wrc), and focal length of PTSC (frc), along with direct normal incidence (In), dirt factors (ξdm, ξdhc), and angle of incidence (θ) on the optical performance of PTSC has been investigated. It was established that variation in mentioned parameters exhibits both positive and negative impacts on optical performance. After careful analysis, lrc, wrc, frc, Dao, and θ were chosen for optimization as it was perceived that by varying these in a reasonable range, an optimal set of parameters could be obtained that maximize the absorbed solar irradiation for a given PTSC. Genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA) are utilized to estimate the optimal values of parameters. Significant improvement in absorbed solar irradiation (∼16%) is registered with optimized parameters, suggesting that benefits can be obtained if a study is performed prior to producing PTSC modules for an application.
Decoupled Control of Grasp and Rotation Constraints During Prehension of Weightless Objects
Authors: Xu Dayuan , Park Jiwon , Lee Jiseop , Lee Sungjune , Park Jaebum 
Published: October 2022

Gravity provides critical information for the adjustment of body movement or manipulation of the handheld object. Indeed, the changes in gravity modify the mechanical constraints of prehensile actions, which may be accompanied by the changes in control strategies. The current study examined the effect of the gravitational force of a handheld object on the control strategies for subactions of multidigit prehension. A total of eight subjects performed prehensile tasks while grasping and lifting the handle by about 250 mm along the vertical direction. The experiment consisted of two conditions: lifting gravity-induced (1g) and weightless (0g) handheld objects. The weightless object condition was implemented utilizing a robot arm that produced a constant antigravitational force of the handle. The current analysis was limited to the two-dimensional grasping plane, and the notion of the virtual finger was employed to formulate the cause–effect chain of elemental variables during the prehensile action. The results of correlation analyses confirmed that decoupled organization of two subsets of mechanical variables was observed in both 1g and 0g conditions. While lifting the handle, the two subsets of variables were assumed to contribute to the grasping and rotational equilibrium, respectively. Notably, the normal forces of the thumb and virtual finger had strong positive correlations. In contrast, the normal forces had no significant relationship with the variables as to the moment of force. We conclude that the gravitational force had no detrimental effect on adjustments of the mechanical variables for the rotational action and its decoupling from the grasping equilibrium.
Quantifying antibiotic use in typhoid fever in India: a cross-sectional analysis of private sector medical audit data, 2013–2015
Authors: Fazaludeen Koya Shaffi , Hasan Farooqui Habib , Mehta Aashna , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Galea Sandro 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo estimate the antibiotic prescription rates for typhoid in India.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrivate sector primary care clinicians in India.ParticipantsThe data came from prescriptions of a panel of 4600 private sector primary care clinicians selected through a multistage stratified random sampling accounting for the region, specialty type and patient turnover. The data had 671 million prescriptions for antibiotics extracted from the IQVIA database for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMean annual antibiotic prescription rates; sex-specific and age-specific prescription rates; distribution of antibiotic class.ResultsThere were 8.98 million antibiotic prescriptions per year for typhoid, accounting for 714 prescriptions per 100 000 population. Children 10–19 years of age represented 18.6% of the total burden in the country in absolute numbers, 20–29 year age group had the highest age-specific rate, and males had a higher average rate (844/100 000) compared with females (627/100 000). Ten different antibiotics accounted for 72.4% of all prescriptions. Cefixime–ofloxacin combination was the preferred drug of choice for typhoid across all regions except the south. Combination antibiotics are the preferred choice of prescribers for adult patients, while cephalosporins are the preferred choice for children and young age. Quinolones were prescribed as monotherapy in 23.0% of cases.ConclusionsNationally representative private sector antibiotic prescription data during 2013–2015 indicate a higher disease burden of typhoid in India than previously estimated. The total prescription rate shows a declining trend. Young adult patients account for close to one-third of the cases and children less than 10 years account for more than a million cases annually.
Using primary care data to assess comparative effectiveness and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the UK: an observational cohort study
Authors: Jaksa Ashley , Gibbs Liza , Kent Seamus , Rowark Shaun , Duffield Stephen , Sharma Manuj , Kincaid Lynne , Ali Ayad K , Patrick Amanda R , Govil Priya , Jonsson Pall , Gatto Nicolle 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo compare real-world effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AFib) for prevention of stroke.Study design and settingA comparative cohort study in UK general practice data from The Health Improvement Network database.Participants and interventionsBefore matching, 5655 patients ≥18 years with nonvalvular AFib who initiated at least one DOAC between 1 July 2014 and 31 December 2020 were included. DOACs of interest included apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban and dabigatran, with the primary comparison between apixaban and rivaroxaban. Initiators of DOACs were defined as new users with no record of prescription for any DOAC during 12 months before index date.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic). Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), major bleeding events and a composite angina/MI/stroke (AMS) endpoint.ResultsCompared with rivaroxaban, patients initiating apixaban showed similar rates of stroke (HR: 0.93; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.34), all-cause mortality (HR: 1.03; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.22), MI (HR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.68), TIA (HR: 1.03; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.72) and AMS (HR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.27). Apixaban initiators showed lower rates of major bleeding events (HR: 0.60; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.75).ConclusionsAmong patients with nonvalvular AFib, apixaban was as effective as rivaroxaban in reducing rate of stroke and safer in terms of major bleeding episodes. This head-to-head comparison supports conclusions drawn from indirect comparisons of DOAC trials against warfarin and demonstrates the potential for real-world evidence to fill evidence gaps and reduce uncertainty in both health technology assessment decision-making and clinical guideline development.
Factors associated with perceived coercion in adults receiving psychiatric care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lessard-Deschênes Clara , Goulet Marie-Hélène , Pariseau-Legault Pierre 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionCoercion is inevitably linked to psychiatric and mental healthcare. Though many forms of coercion exist, perceived coercion appears to be a less studied form despite its marked prevalence and negative consequences. In the literature, several factors have been studied for their association with perceived coercion, but few literature reviews have focused on this precise subject. Gaining knowledge of the association between these factors and the degree of perceived coercion is essential to guide future research and develop informed interventions. The purpose of this review will be to identify, in the literature, factors associated with perceived coercion by adults receiving psychiatric care.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted by following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A search with descriptors and keywords will be performed in the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Then, a search for grey literature will be conducted, psychiatric and mental health journals will be searched, and reference lists will be examined to identify further pertinent literature. All literature on factors (human, health related, organisational, etc) and their association to perceived coercion by adults (18 and older) in inpatient, outpatient and community-based psychiatry will be included. A quality assessment of the literature included will be performed. The extracted data will be analysed with a method of content analysis. An exploratory search was conducted in September 2021 and will be updated in September 2022 once the evidence selection process is planned to begin.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this review. The results of this scoping review will be submitted to a scientific journal for publication, presented in conferences and shared with clinicians working in psychiatric and mental healthcare.
Self-management programme of activity coping and education—SPACE for COPD(C)—in primary care: a pragmatic randomised trial
Authors: Bourne Claire , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Patel Pratiksha , Bankart John , Singh Sally 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionWe have previously developed a supported self-management programme (SMP): Self-management Programme of Activity, Coping and Education for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which was successfully delivered on an individual basis. Payers expressed an interest in delivering the intervention in groups.AimTo explore the feasibility, acceptability and clinical effectiveness of the intervention delivered and supported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in groups within primary care.MethodsA prospective, single-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted, with follow-up at 6 and 9 months. Participants were randomly assigned to control (usual care) or intervention (a six-session, group-based SMP delivered over 5 months). The primary outcome was change in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) at 6 months.Semistructured focus groups were conducted with intervention participants to understand feasibility and acceptability. A focus group was conducted with HCPs who delivered the intervention to gain insight into any potential facilitators/barriers to implementing the intervention in practice. All qualitative data were analysed thematically.Results193 participants were recruited, (median Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 2). There was no significant difference between the intervention and control group for the primary outcome (CAT). However, an improvement in self-reported patient activation (at 6 and 9 months), knowledge (at 6 months), mastery (at 6 and 9 months) and fatigue (at 6 months), in the intervention group compared with usual care was demonstrated.Qualitative results indicated that the intervention was acceptable to patients who took part in the intervention and HCPs valued the intervention, suggesting it might be best delivered early in the disease process.ConclusionsA supported self-management intervention is feasible and acceptable when delivered as a group-based intervention, by HCPs in the community.