bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TTP: From empiricism for an enigmatic disease to targeted molecular therapies
Authors: Graça Nuno A. G. , Joly Bérangère S. , Voorberg Jan , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Béranger Nicolas , Veyradier Agnès , Coppo Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 100th anniversary of the first description of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) as a disease by Dr. Eli Moschcowitz approaches. For many decades, TTP remained mostly a mysterious fatal condition, where diagnosis was often post‐mortem. Initially a pentad of symptoms was identified, a pattern that later revealed to be fallible. Sporadic observations led to empiric interventions that allowed for the first impactful breakthrough in TTP treatment, almost 70 years after its first description: the introduction of plasma exchange and infusions as treatments. The main body of knowledge within the field was gathered in the latest three decades: patient registries were set and proved crucial for advancements; the general mechanisms of disease have been described; the diagnosis was refined; new treatments and biomarkers with improvements on prognosis and management were introduced. Further changes and improvements are expected in the upcoming decades. In this review, we provide a brief historic overview of TTP, as an illustrative example of the success of translational medicine enabling to rapidly shift from a management largely based on empiricism to targeted therapies and personalized medicine, for the benefit of patients. Current management options and present and future perspectives in this still evolving field are summarized.
Towards An Ordinary Life: Insights from a British story of social transformation, 1980–2001
Authors: Towell David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2006, the United Nations agreed the Convention On the Rights Of Persons With Disabilities. Article 19, ‘Living independently and being included in the community’ sets out the ‘equal rights of all persons with disabilities to live in the community, with choices equal to others…’ A generation earlier, a small group of activists had come together at the invitation of the King's Fund—a major United Kingdom charity—to produce (in February 1980) the first pamphlet in an extensive series of contributions to improving the lives of people with learning disabilities. This became the An Ordinary Life initiative. I choose the generic word ‘initiative’. This was not a government policy change—in England we had to wait until 2001 for the White Paper Valuing People to catch up with progressive practice. It was not a project as usually understood, although it inspired many local projects across the country. Rather this first pamphlet became the common currency for the emergence of a social movement aspiring to end the institutionalisation of disabled people (in 1980 there were still more than 50,000 people with learning disabilities living their lives in British institutions and many more at risk of this when no longer able to rely on parental support) and ensure their right to live like others in the community.The NarrativeMy narrative here, writing as a participant, focuses on the period 1980–2001. It tells the story of how these activists—energised by scandal, international innovation and most importantly by personal experience—created a compelling vision of this better future, communicated this vision and helped to mobilise widespread action to deliver progress. It describes how good people were inventive in finding better ways of listening to people with learning disabilities and arranging ordinary housing and support to meet their aspirations. It considers how regional and national agencies created mutually‐reinforcing elements in the infrastructure necessary to strengthen the local capacities required for success.LessonsMy account also offers an interpretive commentary on how transformative change was achieved. There was no grand plan. Emerging leaders, who appreciated the urgent need for change, inspired and learned from each other in ever‐expanding networks. Serendipity often played a part, strategy developed through experience and change proceeded by what has been called ‘scaling across’. Effectively the King's Fund and its allies created a system for continuous learning to support vision‐driven innovation. There are lessons here for meeting the unfinished business of achieving An Ordinary Life in the 2020s.
New class of benzothiophene morpholine analogues with high selectivity and affinity were designed and evaluated for anti‐drug addiction
Authors: Cai Jin , Wang Yuhong , Chen Xixi , Ji Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo probe the mechanism of dopamine receptors in drug addiction and look for potential new methods for treating this disease, we have designed and synthesized benzothiophene morpholine analogues that were considered as dopamine D3 receptor‐selective ligands. Radioligand binding assay was used to determine the binding affinity of target compounds. Members of this class have great selectivity and binding affinity in D3 receptor. In addition, the ability of these compounds to mitigate the symptoms of addiction from opioids was investigated in animal behavior patterns, and we have found that two compounds (18a and 18d) have good affinity in the D3R and exhibit the efficacy of anti‐drug addiction in morphine‐dependent mice induced by naloxone.
Skin barrier function in nursing apprentices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic
Authors: Babić Željka , Šakić Franka , Franić Zrinka , Macan Jelena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating simultaneous influence of personal and work‐related factors on skin health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic are missing.ObjectivesTo investigate the associations of skin hazards relevant for nursing apprentices with parameters of skin barrier function.MethodsA total of 238 nursing apprentices attending the final year of education (median age 19 years) from vocational schools in Zagreb, Croatia, were enrolled in this study. We administered a questionnaire based on the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire to the nursing apprentices, performed clinical examination of skin on the hands, and evaluated transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum (SC) pH on the dorsum of the hand.ResultsAround half of nursing apprentices had compromised hand skin barrier function, as indicated by TEWL values >25 g/m2/h (48%) and SC pH >5.5 (57%). Skin barrier was compromised in around 40% of nursing apprentices without clinically observed skin symptoms. Elevated SC pH was independent of ambient conditions associated with skin symptoms and female sex.ConclusionsMeasurement of SC pH was shown to be less sensitive to field conditions than TEWL, and should be employed more in the field studies. Strengthening of skin health promotion in healthcare workers and apprentices is needed in pandemic conditions.
Asthma, from mild to severe, is an independent prognostic factor for mild to severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Tam Anthony Raymond , Ho James Chung Man , Lam David Chi Leung , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Chan King Pui Florence , Wang Julie Kwan Ling , Ip Mary Sau Man , Hung Ivan Fan Ngai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic illnesses were reported to be poor prognostic factors associated with severe illness and mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. The association with asthma, however, is limited and controversial, especially for mild asthma.MethodsA territory wide retrospective study was conducted to investigate the association between asthma and the prognosis of COVID‐19. All patients with laboratory confirmed in Hong Kong for COVID‐19 from the 23 January to 30 September 2020 were included in the study. Severe diseases were defined as those who develop respiratory complications, systemic complications, and death.ResultsAmong the 4498 patients included in the analysis, 165 had asthma, with 141 having mild asthma. Patients with asthma were significantly more likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation (incidence = 17.0% odds ratio [OR] = 4.765, p < 0.001), oxygen therapy (incidence = 39.4%, OR = 3.291, p < 0.001), intensive care unit admission (incidence = 21.2%, OR = 3.625, p < 0.001), and systemic steroid treatment (incidence = 34.5%, OR = 4.178, p < 0.001) and develop shock (incidence = 16.4%, OR = 4.061, p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (incidence = 6.1%, OR = 3.281, p = 0.033), and secondary bacterial infection (incidence = 56.4%, OR = 2.256, p < 0.001). They also had significantly longer length of stay. Similar findings were also found in patients with asthma of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) steps 1 and 2 upon subgroup analysis.ConclusionsAsthma, regardless of severity, is an independent prognostic factor for COVID‐19 and is associated with more severe disease with respiratory and systemic complications.
Optimal anesthetic conduct regarding immediate and short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation – Systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Chadha Ryan , Patel Dhupal , Bhangui Pooja , Blasi Annabel , Xia Victor , Parotto Matteo , Wray Christopher , Findlay James , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the era of enhanced recovery after surgery, there is significant discussion regarding the impact of intraoperative anesthetic management on short‐term outcomes following liver transplantation (LT), with no clear consensus in the literature.ObjectivesTo identify whether or not intraoperative anesthetic management affects short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation.Data SourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.MethodsA systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was undertaken. The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021239758). An international expert panel made recommendations for clinical practice using the GRADE approach.ResultsAfter screening, 14 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Six were prospective randomized clinical trials, three were prospective nonrandomized clinical trials, and five were retrospective studies. These manuscripts were reviewed to look at five questions regarding anesthetic care and its impact on short term outcomes following liver transplant. After review of the literature, the quality of evidence according to the following outcomes was as follows: intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality (low), early allograft dysfunction (low), and hospital and ICU length of stay (moderate).ConclusionsFor optimal short term outcomes after liver transplantation, the panel recommends the use of volatile anesthetics in preference to total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) (Level of Evidence: Very low; Strength of Recommendation: Weak) and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) versus bispectral index (BIS) for depth of anesthesia monitoring (Level of Evidence: Very low; Strength of Recommendation: Weak). Regarding ventilation and oxygenation, the panel recommends a restrictive oxygenation strategy targeting a PaO2 of 70–120 mmHg (10–14 kPa), a tidal volume of 6–8 ml/kg ideal body weight (IBW), administration of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) tailored to patient intraoperative physiology, and recruitment maneuvers. (Level of evidence: Very low; Strength of Recommendation: Strong). Finally, the panel recommends the routine use of antiemetic prophylaxis. (Level of evidence: low; Strength of Recommendation: Strong).
COX‐2‐Hemmer: Keine präventive Wirkung gegen Hautkrebs
Authors: Yen Hsuan , Yen Hsi , Drucker Aaron M. , Han Jiali , Li Wen‐Qing , Li Tricia , Qureshi Abrar , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIn einigen klinischen Studien war die Einnahme von Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐Hemmern mit einem erniedrigten Hautkrebsrisiko bei Hochrisiko‐Patienten assoziiert.Patienten und MethodikDiese Studie sollte die Frage beantworten, ob die Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern mit einem erniedrigten Risiko für Basalzellkarzinome (BCC), kutane Plattenepithelzellkarzinome (cSCC) oder Melanome assoziiert ist. Dafür haben wir die Daten aus drei prospektiven Kohortenstudien mit insgesamt 153 882 Teilnehmern auf die Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern und das Risiko für Hautkrebs hin untersucht: die Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), die NHS II sowie die Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (HPFS). Mithilfe des Cox‐Proportional‐Hazard‐Modells wurden die multivariablen Hazard Ratios (HR) und die 95 %‐Konfidenzintervalle (95 %‐KI) für eine Assoziation der Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern mit dem Risiko für BCC, cSCC und Melanom bestimmt. Die Daten wurden mittels eines Fixed‐Effects‐Modells zusammengefasst.ErgebnisseIn den Studien waren 16 142 Fälle von BCC, 1973 Fälle von cSCC und 631 Melanomfälle dokumentiert. Die jemals erfolgte Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern war mit einem mäßig erhöhten Risiko für BCC assoziiert (multivariable HR 1,09; 95 % KI 1,05–1,14). Die Hazard Ratio war ähnlich für cSCC (multivariable HR 1,12; 95 % KI 1,00–1,27) und Melanome (multivariable HR 1,10; 95 % KI 0,89–1,38), erreichte jedoch keine statistische Signifikanz.SchlussfolgerungEine jemals erfolgte Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern war nicht mit einem erniedrigten Risiko für Hautkrebs assoziiert, sondern im Gegenteil mit einem mäßig erhöhten Risiko für Basalzellkarzinome.
Long‐term transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections with double pigtail stents following lumen‐apposing metal stent placement improves recurrence‐free survival in disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome
Authors: Pawa Rishi , Dorrell Robert , Russell Greg , Gilliam John , Mishra Girish , Pawa Swati 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesDisconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) is the most common cause of pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) recurrence. While long‐term transmural drainage with plastic stents is the preferred endoscopic approach, there is a paucity of literature on patients undergoing initial drainage with lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS). We describe our experience managing patients with DPDS.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database (November 2015–September 2020) was performed looking at clinical outcomes and overall survival for patients undergoing endoscopic management of PFCs using LAMS. The primary outcome was to assess recurrence‐free survival in PFC patients with DPDS managed with or without double pigtail stents (DPS) replacement after LAMS removal.ResultsOf 96 patients with PFCs, 48 with DPDS were included in the study. The median follow‐up was 20.1 months. LAMS replacement with DPS was successful in 21/48 (43.8%) patients. Recurrence was seen in 1/21 (5%) patients with DPS replacement and 10/27 (37%) without DPS replacement. In multivariable models, a longer duration of LAMS placement was negatively associated with successful DPS replacement (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 1.59, P = 0.0019) and successful LAMS replacement with DPS in patients with DPDS improved recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio 0.09, 95% CI 0.01, 0.83, P = 0.033).ConclusionIn patients with PFCs and DPDS, early replacement of LAMS with DPS improves the likelihood of successful long‐term transmural drainage and decreases recurrences.
Risk factors, neuroimaging correlates and prognosis of the motoric cognitive risk syndrome: A population‐based comparison with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Yaqub Amber , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. , Dommershuijsen Lisanne J. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram Mohammad Kamran , Wolters Frank J. , Ikram Mohammad Arfan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to compare risk factors, neuroimaging characteristics and prognosis between two clinical prodromes of dementia, namely, the motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCRS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsBetween 2009 and 2015, dementia‐free participants of the population‐based Rotterdam Study were classified with a dementia prodrome if they had subjective cognitive complaints and scored >1 SD below the population mean of gait speed (MCRS) or >1.5 SD below the population mean of cognitive test scores (MCI). Using multinomial logistic regression models, we determined cross‐sectional associations of risk factors and structural neuroimaging markers with MCRS and MCI, followed by subdistribution hazard models, to determine risk of incident dementia until 2016.ResultsOf 3025 included participants (mean age = 70.4 years, 54.7% women), 231 had MCRS (7.6%), 132 had MCI (4.4%), and 62 (2.0%) fulfilled criteria for both. Although many risk factors were shared, a higher body mass index predisposed to MCRS, whereas male sex and hypercholesterolemia were associated with MCI only. Gray matter volumes, hippocampal volumes, white matter hyperintensities, and structural white matter integrity were worse in both MCRS and MCI. During a mean follow‐up of 3.9 years, 71 individuals developed dementia and 200 died. Five‐year cumulative risk of dementia was 7.0% (2.5%–11.5%) for individuals with MCRS, versus 13.3% (5.8%–20.8%) with MCI and only 2.3% (1.5%–3.1%) in unaffected individuals.ConclusionsMCRS is associated with imaging markers of neurodegeneration and risk of dementia, even in the absence of MCI, highlighting the potential of motor function assessment in early risk stratification for dementia.
Effects of individual differences in the locomotor activity of assassin bugs on predator–prey interactions
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPredator–prey interactions affect ecological communities. Consistent individual differences in the behavior, or animal personality, of predators and/or prey can influence inter‐specific interactions. For example, high activity predators may have increased foraging success on low activity prey (i.e., the locomotor crossover hypothesis). On the other hand, the foraging style of predators can be categorized as “active hunting” or “sit‐and‐wait”; this difference impacts the selection pressure on prey and may thus also affect predator–prey interactions. Although some studies have evaluated the joint effect of the personality types of both active hunting predators and prey, few studies have focused on sit‐and‐wait predators with respect to the locomotor crossover hypothesis. Here we tested the locomotor crossover hypothesis using assassin bugs (Amphibolus venator) as a sit‐and‐wait predator and red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) as prey. There was no relationship between the personalities of A. venator and T. castaneum with respect to foraging rate; therefore, the present study did not support the locomotor crossover hypothesis. This result suggests that the locomotor crossover hypothesis may be supported in active hunting predators, but not in sit‐and‐wait predators. This study highlights the importance of focusing on predator foraging styles in predator–prey interactions when studying the evolution of animal personality.
Plant competition optimization: A novel metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Rahmani Amir Masoud , AliAbdi Iman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlant competition is a fundamental process in plant communities. In one neighbourhood, different plants compete with each other to access shared resources. This paper presents a novel evolutionary algorithm, plant competition optimization (PCO) algorithm, inspired by plant competition processes. In this algorithm, each feasible solution to an optimization problem is assumed to be a plant, with the underlying assumption that each plant grows in competition with its neighbours. In contrast to other techniques inspired by natural phenomena, we attempted to fit the formulation with a known plant growth model, Richards' growth model, and simulate what happens in nature. As the number of plants in a specific area increases, the available resources are decreased, and competition occurs in smaller areas. So, to use this aspect of competition, we develop some mathematical formulation to simulate the decrease of neighbouring area for each plant related to its size to compete on the share resources with the other neighbouring plants. This competition will conduct a smart local search around the most fitted solutions in the optimization context. Furthermore, the reproduction is simulated by producing some seeds in their neighbouring area, which a few of them can migrate to far distances as well. Summing up together, the most powerful plants can grow more. Under competition pressure, their neighbouring area will decrease more than the others, producing more seeds in the next generation. Just as happened in nature, the losers of this competition will die. Our algorithm's efficiency is shown by performing numerical tests on well‐known optimization problems and comparing the results with the other evolutionary algorithms. The results confirm that PCO is effective and efficient in finding sub‐optimal solutions and gives better results than genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), simulated annealing (SA), grasshopper optimisation algorithm (GOA), dragonfly algorithm (DA), salp swarm Algorithm (SSA), and comparable results with whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and marine predators algorithm (MPA) on multimodal optimization functions because it efficiently explores the entire search space efficiently and intelligently.
A global review of determinants of native bee assemblages in urbanised landscapes
Authors: Prendergast Kit S. , Dixon Kingsley W. , Bateman Philip W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Loss of natural habitat through land‐use change threatens bees. Urbanisation is a major, increasing form, of habitat loss, and a novel, pervasive form of disturbance known to impact bee diversity and abundance in a variety of often inconsistent ways.
We conducted a comprehensive, semi‐quantitative review, involving 215 studies, on responses of bees to urban landscapes, and local and landscape variables proposed to influence bee abundance and diversity.
Urban areas tend to be favourable habitat for bees compared with agricultural ones, but compared with natural areas, urban areas often host more abundant populations yet fewer species.
Factors associated with urban landscapes, including changes in foraging resources and nesting substrate types and availability, contribute to changes in abundance, species richness, and composition of native bee assemblages. However, the conclusions of studies vary greatly because of the difference in the ecological traits of bees, habitats surveyed, and geographic region, as well as noise in the data resulting from inconsistencies in sampling methodology, and definitions of ‘urban’ and ‘natural’.
Identifying what biotic and abiotic features of cityscapes promote or threaten the persistence of urban bee diversity is critical. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of how bees (both in aggregate and according to their ecological guild) have responded to the urban environment, identify gaps in knowledge in urban bee ecology, and make recommendations to advance our understanding of bees in urban environments to promote conservation of diverse bee communities.
Room‐temperature mechanical properties of a high‐entropy diboride
Authors: Murchie Alec C. , Watts Jeremy L. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of a (Hf,Mo,Nb,Ta,W,Zr)B2 high‐entropy ceramic were measured at room temperature. A two‐step synthesis process was utilized to produce the (Hf,Mo,Nb,Ta,W,Zr)B2 ceramics. The process consisted of a boro/carbothermal reduction reaction followed by solid solution formation and densification through spark plasma sintering. Nominally, phase pure (Hf,Mo,Nb,Ta,W,Zr)B2 was sintered to near full density (8.98 g/cm3) at 2000°C. The mean grain size was 6 ± 2 µm with a maximum grain size of 17 µm. Flexural strength was 528 ± 53 MPa, Young's modulus was 520 ± 12 GPa, fracture toughness was 3.9 ± 1.2 MPa·m1/2, and hardness (HV0.2) was 33.1 ± 1.1 GPa. A Griffith‐type analysis determined the strength limiting flaw to be the largest grains in the microstructure. This is one of the first reports of a variety of mechanical properties of a six‐component high‐entropy diboride.