bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty at District Level Is Safe and May Reduce the Burden on Tertiary Care in a Low-income Setting
Authors: Laubscher Kim , Dey Roopam , Nortje Marc , Held Michael , Kauta Ntambue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Arthroplasty procedures in low-income countries are mostly performed at tertiary centers, with waiting lists exceeding 12 to 24 months. Recently, this is further exacerbated by the impact of the Covid Pandemic on elective surgeries. Providing arthroplasty services at other levels of healthcare aims to offset this burden, however there is a marked paucity of literature regarding surgical outcomes. This study aims to provide evidence on the safety of arthroplasty at district level and its potential to decrease waiting list burden in a low-income setting.Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive hip and knee primary arthroplasty cases performed at Mitchell’s Plain Hospital (MPH), a district hospital and Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), a tertiary academic hospital in Cape Town, South Africa between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2018. Patient demographics, hospital stay, surgery related readmissions, reoperations, post-operative complications, and mortality were compared between cohorts.Results: 795 primary arthroplasty surgeries were performed at tertiary hospital (TH) level and 228 at district hospital (DH) level. The average hospital stay was 5.2±2.0 days at DH level and 7.6±7.1 days for TH (p<0.05). Readmissions within 3 months post-surgery of 1.75% (4 patients) for district and 4.40% (35) for tertiary level (p<0.05). Reoperation rate of 1 in every 100 patients at district and 8.3 in every 100 patients at tertiary level (p<0.05). Death rate was 0.4% vs 0.6% at district and tertiary hospitals respectively (p>0.05). Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate was 0,43% at DH and 2,26% at TH. The percentage of hip dislocation requiring revision was 0% at district and 0.37% at tertiary level.Conclusions: Hip and knee Arthroplasty at district level is safe and may reduce the burden on tertiary care facilities in a Southern African context. Adequately trained surgeons should be encouraged to perform these procedures in district hospitals provided there is appropriate patient selection and adherence to strict theatre operating procedures.Level of Evidence: Level III Retrospective cohort study
Study on fault tolerance method of cloud computing accounting service platform for middle data supporting cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Jin Taolan , Zhang Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Study the fault-tolerant method of intermediate data of cloud computing accounting service platform to support cost-benefit analysis, provide cost-benefit analysis function for the platform, and strengthen the fault-tolerant ability of intermediate data of the platform. Build an enterprise cloud computing accounting service platform, use the network environment of the accounting service platform provided by the cloud service provider, collect the internal and external accounting service system data of the enterprise through the data collection layer, and transmit it to the data warehouse of the data processing storage layer after data cleaning, extraction and processing. The data processing storage layer calls the collected data to analyze the transaction cost-effectiveness of the enterprise. The intermediate data fault-tolerant model is constructed. After being solved by ant colony algorithm, the intermediate data generated in the process of cost-benefit analysis and other accounting services are fault-tolerant processed, and the platform accounting service results are output to the interactive interface through the data output display layer, so as to realize the interaction with users. The experimental analysis shows that:this method can effectively analyze the transaction cost and benefit of enterprises, the data availability probability after fault-tolerant processing is higher, and the read-write load is lower.
OsMLP423 is a positive regulator of tolerance to drought and salt stress in rice
Authors: Zhou Zhanmei , Fan Jiangbo , Zhang Jia , Yang Yanmei , Zhang Yifan , Zan xiaofei , Li xiaohong , Wan jiale , Gao xiaoling , Cheng Rongjun , Huang Zhengjian , Li Lihua , Xu Zhengjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drought and salinity is one of the important abiotic factors that adversely affects plant growth and production.We screened a drought-inducing gene containing about 158 amino acid residues from the transcriptome library of rice exposed to drought treatment, and found ABA-related cis-acting elements and multiple drought-stress-related cis-acting elements in its promoter sequence. The physiological and biochemical phenotype analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that overexpressed OsMLP423 enhanced the tolerance of rice to drought and salt stress. The expression of the OsMLP423-GFP fusion protein showed that OsMLP423 was localized in both the cell membrane and nucleus. Compared with the wild-type, the plants over-expressing OsMLP423 showed the enhanced sensitivity to ABA. These results indicate that OsMLP423 is a positive regulator of drought and salinity tolerance in rice, governing the tolerance of rice to abiotic stress through an ABA-dependent pathway. This paper provides basic knowledge on the drought- and salt-tolerant transgenic rice with a potential application value.
The Perceptions of Older People Living With HIV/AIDS Towards Physical Activity and Exercise
Authors: Chetty Levin , Cobbing Saul , Chetty Verusia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Older people living with HIV (OPLWH) require significant levels of support, including healthcare and rehabilitation interventions. People living with HIV are living longer, but still experience health-related impairments that affect functional activity, participation in day-to-day interactions, livelihoods and overall quality of life. Physical activity and exercise should be included as part of the comprehensive medical management for OPLWH but often a gap exists in understanding and prescription. Our study aimed to explore the perceptions of OPLWH about physical activity and exercise. Methods: The study adopted a phenomenological, qualitative design, using in-depth interviews, to understand OPLWH perceptions of physical activity and exercise, and their need for, and access to, physical activity and exercise programmes in a community in South Africa. Results: Sixteen individuals voluntarily participated in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews which took place the healthcare facility where they received regular treatment. All participants were 50 years and older. The interview data revealed three overarching themes, namely: motivation for physical activity and exercise; barriers to physical activity and exercise; and proposed structure of physical activity and exercise. Conclusion: The qualitative nature of our study provided an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of OPLWH about physical activity and exercise. Our study highlighted the interplay between motivating factors and barriers, and the structural components of physical activity and exercise, that can possibly influence the design and implementation of a physical activity intervention programme for OPLWH.
Texture analysis of conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging for distinguishing sinonasal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Su Guo-Yi , Liu Jun , Xu Xiao-Quan , Lu Mei-Ping , Yin Min , Wu Fei-Yun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the value of texture analysis (TA) of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differential diagnosis between sinonasal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods: Twenty-one patients with sinonasal SCC and 15 patients with NHL were retrospectively enrolled. TAs were performed on T2-weighted image (T2WI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image (T1WI). Texture parameters, including mean value, skewness, kurtosis, entropy and uniformity were obtained and compared between sinonasal SCC and NHL groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic value and identify the independent TA parameters.Results: The mean value and entropy of ADC, and mean value of contrast-enhanced T1WI were significantly lower in the sinonasal NHL group than those in the SCC group (all P < 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that the entropy of ADC had the best diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.832; Sensitivity, 0.95; Specificity, 0.67; Cut-off value, 6.522). Logistic regression analysis showed that the entropy of ADC (P = 0.002, OR = 26.990) was the independent parameter for differentiating sinonasal NHL from SCC.Conclusion: TA parameters of conventional MRI and DWI, particularly the entropy value of ADC, might be useful in the differentiating diagnosis between sinonasal NHL and SCC.
The Social Value of Offsets
Authors: Groom Ben , Venmans Frank 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
How much carbon should be stored in temporary and risky offsets to compensate an emission of 1 ton of CO2? We show how the Social Value of an Offset (SVO) is a well-defined fraction of the Social Cost of Carbon which depends on the offset's expected lifetime, risk of non-additionality and risk of failure. The key insight is that the SVO can be positive because delaying emissions is socially valuable. Offset projects could therefore be part of an efficient net-zero portfolio if their SVO to cost ratio exceeds the benefit-cost ratio of alternative projects. Since many offset projects are not riskless or perpetual, offset suppliers should supply transparent information about the permanence, risk and additionality of their offerings, so that the SVO can be calculated and offsets easily compared. We provide a matrix of risk correction factors to calculate the SVO for this purpose.
Characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in Mongolia from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Barkhasbaatar Ariunbaatar , Gilbert Martin , Fine Amanda E. , Shiilegdamba Enkhtuvshin , Damdinjav Batchuluun , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Khishgee Bodisaikhan , Johnson Christine K. , Leung Connie Y. H. , Ankhanbaatar Ulaankhuu , Purevtseren Dulam , Tuttle James M. , Mazet Jonna A. K. , Peiris Joseph S. Malik , Jambal Losolmaa , Shatar Munkhduuren , Sukhbaatar Tuvshintugs , Olson Sarah H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Since 2005, highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses (Goose/Guangdong/1/96-H5 lineage) have spread from Asia to Africa and Europe, infecting poultry, humans and wild birds. Subsequently, avian influenza surveillance has increased worldwide. Mongolia is a good location to study influenza viruses in wild birds within Asia because the country has very low densities of domestic poultry and supports large concentrations of migratory water birds. We conducted avian influenza surveillance in Mongolia over two time periods from 2009 to 2018, utilizing environmental fecal sampling.Methods: Fresh fecal samples were collected in areas where wild water birds, including orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, congregated. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes of positive samples were identified through viral isolation or molecular assays, with pathogenicity determined by HA subtype or sequencing the HA cleavage site.Results: A total of 10,222 samples were collected and tested for avian influenza virus. Of these, 7,025 fecal samples were collected from 2009-2013, and 3,197 fecal samples were collected from 2016-2018 period. Testing revealed 175 (1.7%) positive samples for low pathogenicity influenza A, including 118 samples from 2009-2013 (1.7%) and 57 samples from 2016-2018 (1.8%). Over the period and locations of surveillance no influenza A viruses were detected in association with a wild bird mortality event. HA and NA subtyping of all positives identified eleven subtypes of HA (H1-H8; H10-H12) and nine subtypes of NA (N1-N9) in 29 different combinations. Within periods, viruses were detected more frequently during the fall season (August to October, 2.5%; 95% CI 2.1-2.9%; 146/5,750) than the early summer (April to July, 0.6%; 95% CI 0.4-0.9%; 29/4,472).Conclusion: Mongolia is an important location for wild birds and is positioned as a crossroad of multiple migratory bird flyways. Breeding birds from Mongolia and further north pass through the country to wintering areas as widespread as southern Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Australasia. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of using an affordable environmental fecal sampling approach for avian influenza surveillance and contributes to understanding the prevalence and ecology of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in this important location, where birds from multiple flyways mix.
Dynamic Cardiac Computed Tomography Characteristics of Double-Chambered Right Ventricle
Authors: Chang Monal Yu-Hsuan , Liou Yan-De , Huang Jou-Hsuan , Su Chia-Hung , Huang Shu-Chien , Lin Ming-Tai , Chen Shyh-Jye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE: To introduce image characteristics of double-chambered right ventricle on cardiac computed tomography and set a diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis.METHODS: We retrospectively collected and measured the right ventricular constrictive ratio on computed tomography images in children who had simple ventricular septal defects in the past 10 years, because double-chambered right ventricle is often associated with ventricular septal defects. The right ventricular constrictive ratio was defined as the subinfundibular cross-sectional intraluminal area during end-systole divided by the area during end-diastole in the same patient. We compared the right ventricular constrictive ratio between subjects with concomitant double-chambered right ventricle and those without. RESULTS: 52 children were included, and 23 (44.2%) of them have concomitant double-chambered right ventricle. In most cases (n=21; 91.3%), the hypertrophied muscular bundles occur just inferior to the level of the supraventricular crest in the right ventricle. Mean right ventricular constrictive ratio in patients with double-chambered right ventricle (15%) was significantly smaller than that without (29%). A cut-off value of a right ventricular constrictive ratio less than 20.1 % was established to diagnose double-chambered right ventricle with an 89.7% sensitivity and 78. 3% specificity.CONCLUSION: Right ventricular constrictive ratio can be a valuable asset for the preoperative diagnosis of double-chambered right ventricle with cardiac computed tomography.
Nutraceutical potential of maize (Zea mays L.) (corn) lab-scale wet milling by- products in terms of β-sitosterol in fiber, gamma-tocopherol in germ, and lutein &amp; zeaxanthin in gluten
Authors: Deepak Thalli Satyanarayana , Jayadeep Padmanabhan Appukuttan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The nutraceutical potential of lab-scale corn wet milling by-products, mainly corn germ, fiber, and gluten, has not been examined keenly in the past. A simplified lab-scale wet milling method was used to fractionate corn into its by-products namely germ, fiber and gluten. They were subject to extraction and characterization of nutraceuticals in comparison to the feed corn kernels. Carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, while the phytosterols were characterized by gas chromatography. γ-tocopherol was high in corn germ compared to fiber, gluten and feed corn kernels. Corn fiber revealed higher β-sitosterol content, than that of feed corn kernels, germ and gluten. Further, corn gluten showed high lutein and zeaxanthin content than that of the feed corn kernels, fiber and germ. Phytosterols, carotenoids, and tocols are hypo-cholesterolemic, eye-protective, and anti-oxidative respectively, in nature. This study demonstrates the significance of corn wet milling by-products and the need for valorization in generating nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients.
PLAGL2 Is a Prognostic Biomarker in Stomach cancer：A Comprehensive Study Based on Bioinformatics and Experiments
Authors: Wang Lin , Yan Li , Zhou Zili 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Polymorphic adenoma-like protein 2 (PLAGL2), a zinc finger protein, has been linked to the advancement of serval-type malignancies. However, the relevance of PLAGL2 to the prognosis and regulatory networks of different cancers remains unclear.
Methods
The expression of PLAGL2 was explored through Oncomine, TIMER and SangerBox websites. The relationship between PLAGL2 expression and prognosis in various cancers was analyzed through the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database and the PrognoScan databases. The expression of PLAGL2 in several immunological and molecular subtypes of human cancer was evaluated through the TISIDB database. The differentially expressed genes associated with PLAGL2 was explored through LinkedOmics database. The relationship between PLAGL2 expression and clinicopathological features in STAD was explored through the UALCAN database. The expression of PLAGL2 in STAD specimens was analyzed through western blot and IHC. The function of PLAGL2 in STAD was explored through the CCK8 test and the colony formation test.
Results
In this study we found that PLAGL2 was overexpressed in most types of cancer and overexpression of PLAGL2 might predicted a poor prognosis in STAD. Next, we investigated PLAGL2 expression in several immunological and molecular subtypes and found that PLAGL2 expression differs considerably across immunological subtypes and molecular subtypes of most cancer types. Our research also shows that the expression of PLAGL2 is correlated with various immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive cytokines. We also analyzed the PLAGL2 co-expression network, and evaluated the prognostic potential of genes positive co-expression with PLAGL2 in STAD through Kaplan-Meier plotter. The results show that most of co-expression genes have a significant effect on the prognosis. We further designed experiments to explore the function of PLAGL2 in STAD. Consistent with previous studies, PLAGL2 was significantly overexpressed in STAD tissues compared with that of adjacent normal tissues. And PLAGL2 can promote the proliferation of STAD cells both in vivo and in vitro.
Conclusions
Our findings showed that data mining successfully identifies PLAGL2 expression and putative regulatory networks in STAD, laying the groundwork for additional research into the function of PLAGL2 in carcinogenesis.
Curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes alleviate the progression of fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma in hamsters
Authors: Jantawong Chanakan , Chamgramol Yaovalux , Intuyod Kitti , Priprem Aroonsri , Pairojkul Chawalit , Dangtakot Rungtiwa , Pongking Thatsanapong , Pinlaor Porntip , Waraasawapati Sakda , Pinlaor Somchai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes (CNCs) previously demonstrated lower toxicity and extended release better than is the case for free curcumin. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of CNCs against opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in hamsters. Method: Dose optimization (dose and frequency) was performed over a one-month period using hamsters, a model that is widely used for study of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma. In the main experimental study, CCA was induced by a combination of fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), infection and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) treatment. Either blank (empty) nanocomplexes (BNCs) or different concentrations of CNCs (equivalent to 10 and 20 mg cur/kg bw) were given to hamsters thrice a week for five months. The histopathological changes, biochemical parameters, and the expression of inflammatory/ oncogenic transcription factors were investigated.Results: The optimization study revealed that treatment with CNCs at a dose equivalent to 10 mg cur/kg bw, thrice a week for one month, led to a greater reduction of inflammation and liver injury induced in hamsters by OV+NDMA than did treatments at other dose rates. Oral administration with CNCs (10 mg cur/kg bw), thrice a week for five months, significantly increased survival rate, reduced CCA incidence, extent of tumor development, cholangitis, bile-duct injury and cholangiofibroma. In addition, this treatment decreased serum ALP and ALT levels and suppressed expression of oncogenic transcription factors including NF- κB and FOXM1. Conclusion: CNCs (10 mg cur/kg bw) attenuate the progression of fluke-related CCA in hamsters.
Medium Term Study of Incidence, Risk Factors and Type of Stroke in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Han Chao , Li Xiao-yu , Zou Ji-ming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of stroke in hypertension patients over 60 years of age, and to investigate the correlation. A retrospective analysis of 454 hypertension patients who were diagnosed through examination were divided into 4 groups, of which included group A (hypertension plus type 2 diabetes) were 4 cases, group B (hypertension plus hyperlipidemia) were 367 cases, group C (hypertension plus type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia) were 47 cases, and group D (hypertension) were 36cases. Every patient was given observation after definite diagnosis and treatment of 54 months, and to investigate the incidence of acute cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage. There were 44 patients occurred acute cerebral infarction in all 4 groups. Of these cases, there were 1 case in group A, 31 cases in group B,10 cases in group C and 2 cases in group D. In group B, 3 cases occurred cerebral hemorrhage. Logistic regression analysis showed systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.106, P = 0.001), fasting glucose (OR = 2.059, P = 0.000) and low-density lipoprotein chelesterol (LDL-C) (OR = 0.104, P = 0.025) were risk factors for stroke. Higher levels of blood glucose and/or blood lipid associate with higher risk of stroke in patients with hypertension.
Attitudes and Behaviors of People about Environment in Adana Province, Turkey
Authors: Bahşi Nermin , Budak Dilek Bostan , Zaimoğlu Zeynep , Kaya Aybüke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to measure the attitudes and behaviors of individuals living in the urban area of Adana province in order to create data and to contribute in the regulations to be made for the protection of the environment, to establish the relevant policies and to plan the necessary trainings. For this purpose, a face-to-face survey was conducted with individuals living in Adana. It is seen that individuals have knowledge about practices that may cause environmental problems. However, it is seen that their behaviors with respect to the environment are not regular and they act in a particular manner from time to time. It has been determined that they do not prefer to buy packaged products made of recycled materials. It has been determined that there are differences between the environmental attitudes, behaviors and sources of environmental problems according to the gender, age and education variables of the individuals. Considering all these results, in order to hand down a more livable environment for the next generations, education programs at all levels should be emphasized in order to raise awareness of the environment, to encourage governments to produce effective policies in order to raise awareness of individuals about the environment and to make their behaviors towards environmental protection permanent.