bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Public Engagement: Do Citizens’ Preferences Really Matter?
Authors: Värttö Mikko 
Published: November 2022

In recent years, local governments in Finland have been actively adopting participatory arrangements that provide citizens with the means to participate directly in planning and decision-making procedures. The participatory initiatives challenge the traditional representative and bureaucratic model of public governance and have reportedly created tensions, ambivalence, and inconsistency within local governments.
This paper’s central research question is: what do local administrators perceive to be the main goals and challenges of public engagement? Local administrators are important gatekeepers within local government, and they have substantial authority in planning and implementing participatory arrangements. The attitudes of administrators consequently have a significant impact on participatory initiatives.
The data consists of 15 interviews with senior-level public administrators working in a Finnish municipality. The data is analysed through content analysis focusing on the main goals and challenges of public engagement. In addition, a comparison is conducted between the service sector and the planning sector.
The findings show that public administrators acknowledge the democratic value of the participatory arrangements. However, they still draw on the strong tradition of bureaucratic modes of governance in which participatory arrangements are assessed for their instrumental value. The findings also indicate that there are two participatory rationales in place in Finland, the first taking place in the service sector and the other in planning. Finally, there is a discussion on the possibility of reconciling the different motives that are driving participatory initiatives.
Key Stakeholders’ Frames on the Police and Intelligence Agencies’ Online Surveillance Capabilities in Finland
Authors: Leppänen Anna , Houtsonen Jarmo 
Published: November 2022

Authorities' online surveillance powers touch the very core of democracy, human rights and privacy. Thus, the legislation and its implementation must be both sustainable and legitimate in the eyes of the citizenry. We argue that the general elements of legitimate and sustainable online surveillance system can be derived from many international sources, but the crux of the matter is to adjust the general principles into country-specific conditions through well-informed, reasoned and inclusive national legislation preparation and regular follow-up discussions.
We explored how 25 key stakeholders from various fields consider 45 statements on online surveillance at the time of preparation of the intelligence legislation in Finland in 2018. Q-factor analysis arranged the stakeholders in three factors indicating distinctive frames that we named Balancing privacy and security, Protecting human rights and Expanding surveillance powers. With regard to enhancing further public discussion towards the interests of stakeholders, we also detected ambiguous issues, deal-breakers and areas of consensus that can be used for finding common ground in future considerations. Our study contributes particularly to research on online surveillance policy. We also demonstrate, along with some earlier findings, that Q-methodological research can provide powerful means to feed public policy discussion in the spirit of deliberative democracy.
Life satisfaction and parental support among secondary school students in Urumqi: the mediation of physical activity
Authors: Zuo Zehua , Li Shulin , Liu Shuyuan , Wang Qian 
Published: November 2022

Background
This study is aimed to analyze the relationship between parental support, physical activity and life satisfaction among secondary school students in Urumqi city, and also to explore the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between life satisfaction and parental support among secondary school students.

Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, using a stratified whole-group random sampling method among 2,474 secondary school students aged 11–18 years in Urumqi city, including a general demographic questionnaire, a Chinese version of the Child and Adolescent Physical Activity Questionnaire, Chinese version of the Child and Adolescent Parental Support Scale, and the Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale. The Bootstrap mediating effect test was used to test the effect relationship between the variables, and Amos was adopted to analyze the mediating effect of physical activity between secondary school students’ life satisfaction and parental support.

Results
Secondary school students scored (33.22 ± 5.68) on life satisfaction, (2.11 ± 0.64) on physical activity, (24.85 ± 4.31) on the mother’s roll and (24.73 ± 4.40) on the father’s roll. Maternal support was a significant direct predictor of life satisfaction (β = 0.303, t = 11.893, P < 0.01). Maternal support was a positive predictor of physical activity (β = 0.027, t = 9.332, P < 0.01). And the physical activity was a positive predictor of life satisfaction (β = 1.362, t = 7.665, P < 0.01). Paternal support was a significant direct predictor of life satisfaction (β = 0.334, t = 13.448, P < 0.01). Paternal support was a positive predictor of physical activity (β = 0.030, t = 10.665, P < 0.01). Physical activity was a positive predictor of life satisfaction (β = 1.264, t = 7.119, P < 0.01). Physical activity had a mediating effect between life satisfaction and parental support (effect values: 11.88% in maternal support and 11.38% in paternal support, respectively).

Conclusions
The supportive parental environment of secondary school students in Urumqi can directly influence their life satisfaction and also indirectly influence their life satisfaction by enhancing their physical activity level, and parental support for physical activity of secondary school students should be enhanced to promote their life satisfaction level.
bestDEG: a web-based application automatically combines various tools to precisely predict differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-Seq data
Authors: Sangket Unitsa , Yodsawat Prasert , Nuanpirom Jiratchaya , Sathapondecha Ponsit 
Published: November 2022

Background
Differential gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) has become the most popular technique in transcriptome research. Although many R packages have been developed to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), several evaluations have shown that no single DEG analysis method outperforms all others. The validity of DEG identification could be increased by using multiple methods and producing the consensus results. However, DEG analysis methods are complex and most of them require prior knowledge of a programming language or command-line shell. Users who do not have this knowledge need to invest time and effort to acquire it.

Methods
We developed a novel web application called “bestDEG” to automatically analyze DEGs with different tools and compare the results. A differential expression (DE) analysis pipeline was created combining the edgeR, DESeq2, NOISeq, and EBSeq packages; selected because they use different statistical methods to identify DEGs. bestDEG was evaluated on human datasets from the MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project.

Results
The performance of the bestDEG web application with the human datasets showed excellent results, and the consensus method outperformed the other DE analysis methods in terms of precision (94.71%) and specificity (97.01%). bestDEG is a rapid and efficient tool to analyze DEGs. With bestDEG, users can select DE analysis methods and parameters in the user-friendly web interface. bestDEG also provides a Venn diagram and a table of results. Moreover, the consensus method of this tool can maximize the precision or minimize the false discovery rate (FDR), which reduces the cost of gene expression validation by minimizing wet-lab experiments.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceived behavioral modification of chiropractic students returning to clinical training in South Africa amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: O'Connor Laura M. , Yelverton Christopher 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 and perceived behavioral modification of South African chiropractic students returning to clinical training during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was administered to students registered for clinical training in South African chiropractic programs. The survey consisted of questions related to knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 and perceptions on behavioral modification in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE) use to prevent transmission.ResultsOut of 129 participants, there was a 69% response rate (n = 89), with a mean age of 25 (±2.39) years and 75% were females. They had an acceptable level of knowledge (67.9%). There was a favorable perception score about COVID-19 (98.8%) but a poor perception of the role of PPE. They expressed concern about returning to clinical training (62.9%) but were prepared to return to serve their patients during the pandemic (72%).ConclusionChiropractic students within South Africa demonstrated good attitudes, knowledge, and perception toward the measures required to return safely to the clinical environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a level of stress associated with potential infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mostly for onward transmission to family members.
Farmers’ Preference and Adoption of Rice Varieties Grown in Hill Region of Assam Based on Varietal Attributes
Authors: Bhuyan Sanjib , Kalita Nilim , Borah Debojit , Deka Chitra Ranjan , Saud Ranjit , Maibangsa Subal 
Published: November 2022

Aims: The present study was undertaken to enlist the rice varieties grown in Karbi Anglong district of Assam, India and to identify the most preferred varieties and the preference criteria as perceived by the rice growers at individual level.
Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karbi Anglong, Diphu in the district of Karbi Anglong, Assam, between April 2018 and March 2019.
Methodology: We included 30 farmers who were non-respondent in the main study and 90 farmers in the main study. We used Participatory Rural Appraisal, Personal Interview Method and Interview Schedule.
Results: The study revealed that 18 rice varieties are normally grown by the farmers of Karbi Anglong for lunch and dinner making. Among 18 rice varieties Gaya, Ranjit, Agarsali, Bordhan, Basuri are the five most preferred rice varieties respectively. There are twelve quality parameters which were identified by the non respondent rice growers based on which farmers prefer a particular rice variety. The quality parameter in accordance with their preference are yield, suitability to land situation, duration, taste, planting time flexibility, after cooking quality, disease and pest resistance, fertilizer requirement, market demand, hunger chasing, draught resistance and cold resistance.
Association of State Share of Nonphysician Practitioners With Diagnostic Imaging Ordering Among Emergency Department Visits for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Christensen Eric W. , Liu Chi-Mei , Duszak Richard , Hirsch Joshua A. , Swan Timothy L. , Rula Elizabeth Y. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThe use of nonphysician practitioners (NPPs) in the emergency department (ED) continues to expand, yet little is known about associations between NPPs and ED imaging use.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the state share of ED visits for which an NPP was the clinician of record is associated with imaging studies ordered, given that state NPP share is associated with state-level NPP scopes of practice.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study compared diagnostic imaging ordering patterns associated with ED visits based on 2005-2020 Medicare claims for a nationally representative 5% sample of fee-for-service beneficiaries. For all 50 states and the District of Columbia, the state NPP share of ED visits by year was used to represent state-specific practice patterns for NPPs and physicians and how those patterns have evolved over time. The analysis controlled for patient demographic characteristics, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, ED visit severity, year, and principal diagnosis.ExposuresThe share of ED visits in each state in each year (state share) for which an NPP was the evaluation and management clinician.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were the number and modality of imaging studies associated with ED visits. Analyses were by logistic regression and generalized linear model with γ-distribution and log-link function.ResultsAmong 16 922 274 ED visits, 60.0% involved women, and patients’ mean (SD) age was 70.3 (16.1) years. The share of all ED visits with an NPP as the clinician increased from 6.1% in 2005 to 16.6% in 2020. Compared with no NPPs, the presence of NPPs in the ED was associated with 5.3% (95% CI, 5.1%-5.5%) more imaging studies per ED visit, including a 3.4% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.5%) greater likelihood of any imaging order per ED visit and 2.2% (95% CI, 2.0%-2.3%) more imaging studies ordered per visit involving imaging.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, use of NPPs in the ED was associated with higher imaging use compared with the use of only physicians in the ED. Although expanded use of NPPs in the ED may improve patient access, the costs and radiation exposure associated with more imaging warrants additional study.
Patterns of Health Care Use 5 Years After an Intervention Linking Patients in Addiction Treatment With a Primary Care Practitioner
Authors: Iturralde Esti , Weisner Constance M. , Adams Sara R. , Chi Felicia W. , Ross Thekla B. , Cunningham Sarah F. , Ghadiali Murtuza , Asyyed Asma H. , Satre Derek D. , Campbell Cynthia I. , Sterling Stacy A. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceSubstance use disorders are associated with high rates of emergency department (ED) use and challenges engaging with primary care services.ObjectiveTo examine 5-year health care engagement and utilization outcomes for participants in the LINKAGE trial, given previously reported associations of LINKAGE with improved care engagement in the short term.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this post hoc analysis of a nonrandomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to the LINKAGE or usual care (UC) groups using a nonrandomized 3-month alternating off and on strategy over 30 months. Baseline through 5-year follow-up data were collected from April 2011 to October 2018. The trial was conducted at an urban outpatient addiction treatment clinic within a large health system among patients newly enrolled in addiction treatment. Data analysis was conducted from April 2021 to February 2022.InterventionThe LINKAGE intervention included 6 group-based sessions emphasizing patient agency, skill, and motivation in navigating health care services as well as a facilitated telephone or email connection with a primary care practitioner. The UC group received medical education.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSubstance use problem discussions with primary care practitioners (by patient self-report at 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up interview) and annual use of the electronic patient portal, primary care, and ED based on electronic health records.ResultsA total of 503 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 42 (12) years, 346 (69%) male participants and 37 (7%) African American, 34 (7%) Asian, and 101 (20%) Hispanic participants, were assigned to LINKAGE (252 participants) or UC (251 participants). Compared with UC participants, LINKAGE participants were significantly more likely to discuss substance use problems with a primary care practitioner at 1-year follow-up (risk ratio [RR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.65; P = .03) and use the electronic patient portal at 1- and 2-year follow-up (eg, messaging clinicians at 2 years: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47; P = .02). The LINKAGE group had small, statistically significant 5-year annual increases in primary care use (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.003-1.07; P = .03) and significant annual decreases in substance-related ED use (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97; P = .03), relative to UC. The LINKAGE group did not significantly differ from the UC group on other types of ED utilization.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, a patient activation intervention embedded in outpatient addiction treatment was associated with sustained improvements in health care engagement beyond previously reported 6-month outcomes and with long-term improvements in health care use patterns.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01621711
Association of High Polygenic Risk With Visual Field Worsening Despite Treatment in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Siggs Owen M. , Qassim Ayub , Han Xikun , Marshall Henry N. , Mullany Sean , He Weixiong , Souzeau Emmanuelle , Galanopoulos Anna , Agar Ashish , Landers John , Casson Robert J. , Hewitt Alex W. , Healey Paul R. , Graham Stuart L. , MacGregor Stuart , Craig Jamie E. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceIrreversible vision loss from primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) can be prevented through timely diagnosis and treatment, although definitive diagnosis can be difficult in early-stage disease. As a consequence, large numbers of individuals with suspected glaucoma require regular monitoring, even though many of these may never develop disease and other high-risk individuals with suspected glaucoma may have delayed or inadequate treatment. POAG is one of the most heritable common diseases, and this provides an opportunity to use genetic instruments in risk-stratified screening, diagnosis, and treatment of early glaucoma.ObjectiveTo assess the association of glaucoma polygenic risk with glaucoma progression in early-stage disease.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used clinical and genetic data obtained from a longitudinal cohort study, Progression Risk of Glaucoma: Relevant SNPs With Significant Association (PROGRESSA). Participants of European ancestry with characteristic optic nerve head changes suggestive of glaucoma were included. Data were collected between February 2012 and June 2020. Analysis took place between July 2020 and April 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe association of a glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) (2673 uncorrelated variants) with rate of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning on optical coherence tomography and progression of visual field loss on 24-2 Humphrey visual fields.ResultsA total of 1777 eyes from 896 individuals had sufficient data for structural progression analyses and 1563 eyes from 808 individuals for functional progression analyses. The mean (SD) age was 62.1 (9.9) years, 488 (44%) were male, and 1087 of 1103 individuals (98.5%) had European ancestry. An ancestrally matched normative population cohort (n = 17 642) was used for PRS reference. Individuals in the top 5% PRS risk group were at a higher risk of visual field progression compared with the remaining 95% after 5 years (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.13-1.97; P = .005). Conversely, those in the bottom 20% PRS risk group were at a lower risk of visual field progression compared with an intermediate risk group over 3 years (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.96; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, high polygenic risk was associated with more rapid structural and functional progression in early POAG, despite more intensive treatment. A PRS may serve as a valuable adjunct to identify individuals who stand to benefit the most from more frequent surveillance and earlier or more intensive treatment.
Moisture‐Driven Switching of Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum in the Visible Region
Authors: Zheng Manchun , Shen Yang , Zou Qiushun , Huang Yaohua , Huang Ke , She Xiaoyi , Jin Chongjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFast and full switching of plasmonic resonances would provide a building block for integrated electro‐optically active plasmonics. To date, limited by the material properties, achieving a plasmonic resonance that can be turned fully ON and OFF in the visible region remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a nearly full optical switching based on a moisture‐driven metal‐hydrogel‐metal (MHM) metasurface at visible frequency is experimentally realized. As a result of the bound state in the continuum (BIC)‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition in the MHM, a sharp Fano‐type quasi‐BIC resonance can be switched off and back on with an ultrahigh reflectance modulation depth up to −14.6 dB within 1 s by moisture loading. Such a BIC‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition can be well mediated by engineering the coupling between the magnetic mode and surface plasmon polariton via an active control of the gap distance between the two metallic layers. Using this concept, the MHM is demonstrated as a fast‐response breathing sensor with a maximum detectable respiratory rate of up to 30 breaths per minute (bpm). These results suggest that our approach will help to realize plasmonic‐based integrated active optical devices in optical sensing and modulation.
3D‐Printed Stacked Ionic Assemblies for Iontronic Touch Sensors
Authors: Odent Jérémy , Baleine Nicolas , Biard Valentin , Dobashi Yuta , Vancaeyzeele Cédric , Nguyen Giao T. M. , Madden John D. W. , Plesse Cédric , Raquez Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSensing is the process of detecting and monitoring any physico‐chemical environmental parameters. Herein, new self‐powered iontronic sensors, which utilize touch‐induced ionic charge separation in ionically conductive hydrogels, are introduced for potential use in object mapping, recognition, and localization. This is accomplished using high‐resolution stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing of stacked ionic assemblies consisting of discrete compartments having different ion transport properties. The latter assemblies readily allow programming the output voltage magnitude and polarity by means of variations in ion type, charge density, and cross‐linking density within the iontronic device. Voltages of up to 70 mV are generated on application of compressive strains of as much as 50% (≈22.5 kPa), with the magnitude directly proportional to stress, and the polarity dependent on the sign of the mobile ion. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the resulting touch sensors are integrated on the fingertip to enable the tactile feedback, mimicking the tactile perception of objects for recognition applications. In addition, it is proposed that streaming potential is the underlying mechanism behind the iontronic touch sensors. The electromechanical response is therein consistent with a streaming potential model.