bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postmenopausal overweight and breast cancer risk; results from the KARMA cohort
Authors: Klintman Marie , Rosendahl Ann H. , Randeris Benjamin , Eriksson Mikael , Czene Kamila , Hall Per , Borgquist Signe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To study the risk of incident breast cancer and subtype-specific breast cancer in relation to excess body weight in a contemporary Swedish prospective cohort study, The Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer, KARMA.

Methods
A total of 35,412 postmenopausal women attending mammography and included in the KARMA study provided baseline data on body mass index (BMI) and potential confounders. During eight years of follow-up, 822 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified.

Results
Women with overweight (BMI ≥ 25–< 30 kg/m2) constituting 34% of the study cohort had an increased risk of incident breast cancer with an adjusted Hazard Ratio (HRadj) 1.19 (95% CI 1.01–1.4). A similar, however, non-significant, association was found for women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) conferring 13% of the cohort, with a HRadj of 1.19 (95% CI 0.94–1.5). Overweight was associated with risk of node-negative disease (HRadj 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.58), whereas obesity was associated with node-positive disease (HRadj 1.64, 95% CI 1.09–2.48). Both overweight and obesity were associated with risk of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease (HRadj 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44 and HRadj 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.71, respectively), and low-grade tumors (HRadj 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.54, and HRadj 1.40, 95% CI 1.05–1.86, respectively). Finally, obesity was associated with ER+HER2 negative disease (HRadj 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.78) and similarly luminal A tumors (HRadj 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.01).

Conclusion
Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, specifically ER+, low-grade, and for obesity, node-positive, high-risk breast cancer indicating a further need for risk communication and preventive programs.
Obesity: a perfect storm for carcinogenesis
Authors: Harris Benjamin H. L. , Macaulay Valentine M. , Harris David A. , Klenerman Paul , Karpe Fredrik , Lord Simon R. , Harris Adrian L. , Buffa Francesca M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity-related cancers account for 40% of the cancer cases observed in the USA and obesity is overtaking smoking as the most widespread modifiable risk factor for carcinogenesis. Here, we use the hallmarks of cancer framework to delineate how obesity might influence the carcinogenic hallmarks in somatic cells. We discuss the effects of obesity on (a) sustaining proliferative signaling; (b) evading growth suppressors; (c) resisting cell death; (d) enabling replicative immortality; (e) inducing angiogenesis; (f) activating invasion and metastasis; (g) reprogramming energy metabolism; and (h) avoiding immune destruction, together with its effects on genome instability and tumour-promoting inflammation. We present the current understanding and controversies in this evolving field, and highlight some areas in need of further cross-disciplinary focus. For instance, the relative importance of the many potentially causative obesity-related factors is unclear for each type of malignancy. Even within a single tumour type, it is currently unknown whether one obesity-related factor consistently plays a predominant role, or if this varies between patients or, even in a single patient with time. Clarifying how the hallmarks are affected by obesity may lead to novel prevention and treatment strategies for the increasingly obese population.
A range-wide analysis of population structure and genomic variation within the critically endangered spiny daisy (Acanthocladium dockeri)
Authors: Brooks Elodie , Slender Amy L , Cu Suong , Breed Martin F , Stangoulis James CR 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding population structure and genetic diversity is important for designing effective conservation strategies. As a critically endangered shrub, the six remaining extant populations of spiny daisy (Acanthocladium dockeri) are restricted to country roadsides in the mid-north of South Australia, where the species faces many ongoing abiotic and biotic threats to survival. Currently the spiny daisy is managed by selecting individuals from the extant populations and translocating them to establish insurance populations. However, there is little information available on the genetic differentiation between populations and diversity within source populations, which are essential components of planning translocations. To help fill this knowledge gap, we analysed population structure within and among all six of its known wild populations using 7,742 SNPs generated by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach. Results indicated that each population was strongly differentiated, had low levels of genetic diversity, and there was no evidence of inter-population gene flow. Individuals within each population were generally closely related, however, the Melrose population consisted entirely of clones. Our results suggest genetic rescue should be applied to wild spiny daisy populations to increase genetic diversity that will subsequently lead to greater intra-population fitness and adaptability. As a starting point, we suggest focussing on improving seed viability via inter-population crosses such as through hand pollination experiments to experimentally assess their sexual compatibility with the hope of increasing spiny daisy sexual reproduction and long-term reproductive fitness.
My Wealth, (Y)Our Life Satisfaction? Sole and Joint Wealth Ownership and Life Satisfaction in Marriage
Authors: Kapelle Nicole , Nutz Theresa , Tisch Daria , Schechtl Manuel , Lersch Philipp M. , Struffolino Emanuela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines the money-subjective well-being nexus by studying the link between changes in jointly and solely (i.e. respondents’ own and their partner’s own) held gross wealth and changes in married individuals’ subjective well-being. Joint assets reflect norms of sharing responsibilities and resources. Solely held assets, in contrast, offer individual economic independence. Using wealth data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP; 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017), we estimate individual fixed effects regressions. Although coefficients for all three wealth measures are positive, our results highlight that only increases in jointly held wealth are associated with statistically significant increases in spouses’ life satisfaction in Germany. Despite expectations about a stronger relevance of joint wealth for men compared to women in line with men’s role as a financial provider for the family, we do not find substantial gender differences in the positive association between increases in joint wealth and life satisfaction. In light of the individualisation of marriages, our results highlight that the personal benefits associated with marital sharing of wealth seem to trump those of economic independence and financial autonomy.
Satellite multispectral indices to estimate canopy parameters and within-field management zones in super-intensive almond orchards
Authors: Sandonís-Pozo L. , Llorens J. , Escolà A. , Arnó J. , Pascual M. , Martínez-Casasnovas J. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContinuous canopy status monitoring is an essential factor to support and precisely apply orchard management actions such as pruning, pesticide and foliar treatment applications, or fertirrigation, among others. For that, this work proposes the use of multispectral vegetation indices to estimate geometric and structural orchard parameters from remote sensing images (high temporal and spatial resolution) as an alternative to more time-consuming processing techniques, such as LiDAR surveys or UAV photogrammetry. A super-intensive almond (Prunus dulcis) orchard was scanned using a mobile terrestrial laser (LiDAR) in two different vegetative stages (after spring pruning and before harvesting). From the LiDAR point cloud, canopy orchard parameters, including maximum height and width, cross-sectional area and porosity, were summarized every 0.5 m along the rows and interpolated using block kriging to the pixel centroids of PlanetScope (3 × 3 m) and Sentinel-2 (10 × 10 m) image grids. To study the association between the LiDAR-derived parameters and 4 different vegetation indices. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out, showing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) to have the best correlations. A cluster analysis was also performed. Results can be considered optimistic both for PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 images to delimit within-field management zones, being supported by significant differences in LiDAR-derived canopy parameters.
A Conceptual Model of Help-Seeking by Black Americans After Violent Injury: Implications for Reducing Inequities in Access to Care
Authors: Roman Caterina G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany inequities exist in serving and supporting Black survivors of violent crime. A key question in reducing inequities in care after victimization is whether police first responders and other formal system providers identify the victim as an “offender” and/or someone who is “undeserving” of supports. These labels and associated biases can directly reduce access to supports through a variety of mechanisms that include police withholding information about one’s rights as a victim, among other direct and indirect barriers to social and health services. Unaddressed financial, mental, and physical health consequences of victimization contribute to poorer health outcomes later in life. This paper seeks to bring together the extant research on help-seeking, discrimination in criminal legal system functioning, and barriers to victim services by synthesizing these discrete threads into a theoretically and empirically informed conceptual model that captures the range of factors that shape Black Americans’ decision to report their victimization to the police and subsequent help-seeking. Qualitative and quantitative data from a purposive sample of 91 Black victims of community violence is used to ground the developing model. The conceptual model can help lay the foundation for research that seeks to remedy the marked mismatch between the prevalence of violent victimization and help-seeking among Black Americans. Research findings can be applied to guide policies and programming to reduce inequities in care for victims of violence.
The Role of Stress Echocardiography in Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Citro Rodolfo , Bursi Francesca , Bellino Michele , Picano Eugenio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewStress echocardiography is recommended in valvular heart disease when there is a mismatch between resting transthoracic echocardiography findings and symptoms during activities of daily living. We describe the current methodology and the evidence supporting these applications.Recent FindingsThe comprehensive stress echo assessment includes valve function (gradients and regurgitation), left ventricular global systolic and diastolic function, left atrial volume, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary arterial pressure, and right ventricular function, integrated with blood pressure response with cuff sphygmomanometer, chronotropic reserve with heart rate, and symptoms.SummaryRecent guidelines recommend the evaluation of asymptomatic severe or symptomatic non-severe mitral regurgitation or stenosis with exercise stress and suspected low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis with reduced ejection fraction with low dose (up to 20 mcg, without atropine) dobutamine stress. Prospective, large-scale studies based on a comprehensive protocol (ABCDE +) capturing the multiplicity of clinical phenotypes are needed to support stress echo-driven treatment strategies.
Mechanismen des Proteinimports in das humane endoplasmatische Retikulum
Authors: Zimmermann Richard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn human cells, one third of all polypeptides enter the secretory pathway at the ER. This process involves N-terminal signal peptides or internal transmembrane helices in the precursors and one hundred cytosolic and ER proteins, which facilitate their ER import or processing. In the past fifty years four pathways for targeting of precursors to the Sec61 channel plus various allosteric channel effectors and supporting or stand alone membrane protein insertases were characterized by the field.
In vitro-Amplifikation humaner hämatopoetischer Stammzellen im 3D-System
Authors: Marx-Blümel Lisa , Marx Christian , Schober Andreas , Beck James F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA promising strategy to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for clinical applications, like stem cell transplantation, is offered by advanced in vitro culture systems. We developed artificial 3D bone marrow-like scaffolds made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mimicking the natural HSC niche in vitro. These 3D PDMS scaffolds in combination with an optimized culture medium allow the amplification of high numbers of undifferentiated HSCs by activating specific molecular signaling pathways.
Stammzelltherapien für Muskeldystrophien
Authors: Fernandez Helena Escobar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMuscular dystrophies are devastating and untreatable genetic diseases leading to progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. The expanding landscape of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing tools allows the in situ repair of many disease-causing mutations in patient cells in an unprecedented manner. Here, I discuss recent advances and challenges for using gene edited muscle stem cells in autologous cell replacement therapies to treat muscular dystrophy.
RNA-Polymerase I: einer spezialisierten Transkriptionsmaschine auf der Spur
Authors: Pilsl Michael , Tschochner Herbert , Griesenbeck Joachim , Engel Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn eukaryotes three major nuclear RNA Polymerases (Pols I, II and III) transcribe the genome. Pols II and III transcribe many different genes. Pol I has only one target from which it synthesizes the precursor for 3 of 4 ribosomal (r)RNAs accounting for up to 60 percent of total cellular RNA. Dedication of Pol I and its specific transcription factors to transcribe a single gene underlines the importance of rRNA synthesis. Research in Regensburg aims at understanding mechanism(s) of Pol I transcription.
Mikrobielle Antibiotikafabriken verstehen und verbessern
Authors: Gressler Markus , Kries Hajo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRepurposing the enzymes in microbial metabolism such as nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) is explored as a route towards better antibiotics. NRPSs are gigantic enzymatic assembly lines that form highly modified peptides from diverse building blocks. A novel hydroxamate assay detects full substrate profiles of NRPSs from cell-like substrate mixtures. Facile recording of substrate profiles has applications in natural product discovery and engineering.
Biomaterialien — Nachbildung der Stammzellnische in Bioreaktoren
Authors: Neubauer Julia C. , Gepp Michael M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe generation of high-quality human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives requires growth surfaces imitating the natural micro-environment. Stiff plastic surfaces with protein coatings are not an optimal stem cell niche and adjustable growth surfaces are needed to meet the cell-specific requirements. Alginate hydrogels are versatile biomaterials in stem cell processes since they can be integrated in all fundament cell workflows not only as planar surface but also as microcarrier cultures in suspension bioreactors.
Stammzellforschung an und mit Affen: zwischen Grundlagen und Anwendung
Authors: Behr Rüdiger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPluripotent stem cells (PSC) are important for several areas of bio-medicine, including cell replacement therapy and embryonic development. Non-human primates (NHP) are of paramount importance as human models for translating cell replacement therapies into the clinic. However, this requires NHP-PSC that meet specific quality criteria. We have generated appropriate NHP-PSC. Our work contributes to making the NHP even more useful as a preclinical model in biomedical research.
Simulation of wheel and rail profile wear: a review of numerical models
Authors: Bosso N. , Magelli M. , Zampieri N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of numerical models able to compute the wheel and rail profile wear is essential to improve the scheduling of maintenance operations required to restore the original profile shapes. This work surveys the main numerical models in the literature for the evaluation of the uniform wear of wheel and rail profiles. The standard structure of these tools includes a multibody simulation of the wheel–track coupled dynamics and a wear module implementing an experimental wear law. Therefore, the models are classified according to the strategy adopted for the worn profile update, ranging from models performing a single computation to models based on an online communication between the dynamic and wear modules. Nevertheless, the most common strategy nowadays relies on an iteration of dynamic simulations in which the profiles are left unchanged, with co-simulation techniques often adopted to increase the computational performances. Work is still needed to improve the accuracy of the current models. New experimental campaigns should be carried out to obtain refined wear coefficients and models, while strategies for the evaluation of both longitudinal and transversal wear, also considering the effects of tread braking, should be implemented to obtain accurate damage models.
Graph neural networks for multivariate time series regression with application to seismic data
Authors: Bloemheuvel Stefan , van den Hoogen Jurgen , Jozinović Dario , Michelini Alberto , Atzmueller Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMachine learning, with its advances in deep learning has shown great potential in analyzing time series. In many scenarios, however, additional information that can potentially improve the predictions is available. This is crucial for data that arise from e. g., sensor networks that contain information about sensor locations. Then, such spatial information can be exploited by modeling it via graph structures, along with the sequential (time series) information. Recent advances in adapting deep learning to graphs have shown potential in various tasks. However, these methods have not been adapted for time series tasks to a great extent. Most attempts have essentially consolidated around time series forecasting with small sequence lengths. Generally, these architectures are not well suited for regression or classification tasks where the value to be predicted is not strictly depending on the most recent values, but rather on the whole length of the time series. We propose TISER-GCN, a novel graph neural network architecture for processing, in particular, these long time series in a multivariate regression task. Our proposed model is tested on two seismic datasets containing earthquake waveforms, where the goal is to predict maximum intensity measurements of ground shaking at each seismic station. Our findings demonstrate promising results of our approach—with an average MSE reduction of 16.3%—compared to the best performing baselines. In addition, our approach matches the baseline scores by needing only half the input size. The results are discussed in depth with an additional ablation study.
A narrative photographic approach: opening day ceremonies for Iran’s Nature Schools
Authors: Burns Edgar A. , Manouchehri Bahar , Davoudi Sina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOpening Day photographs appeared in Iran’s newspapers celebrating the succession of outdoor Nature Schools commencing each year from 2014. Using a narrative photographic approach, this qualitative study collected and analysed newspaper pictures for Iran’s Nature Schools in the half decade to 2017. At this time, government approval reflected careful planning to develop these new outdoor educational opportunities. Seven news media articles were thematically analysed from this period utilising twelve pictures. This photographic method provides another layer of understanding beyond official statements of intention, formal approval or written text. Through the local features of schools, a pattern of national intention and official endorsement can be seen, but also an awareness of invisible rules permitting outdoor learning experiences. What do these images tell us about this environmental opportunity for a new generation of schoolchildren? How do the pictures portray the urban need for the outdoors? Are there clues in these pictures of the subsequent shutting down of these outdoor schools, denying further expansion? These images tell their own story alongside formal narratives embodied in official Opening Day ceremonies and statements. We conclude these schools were meeting a strongly-felt need for the outdoors in highly urbanised contemporary Iran.
Characterization and Iron Removal Enhancement of El-Zaafarana White Sand
Authors: Ibrahim Amr F. M. , Seifelnassr Ahmed A. S. , Al-Abady Ahmed , El-Salmawy Montaser S. , Abdelaal Abdeaziem M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Iron is a key detrimental impurity in silica sands that determines their contribution to high-technology industries. Herein, a simple ecologically sound approach is investigated for iron removal from a silica sand sample obtained from the El-Zaafarana area-Egypt. The sample was subjected to a detailed microscopic mineralogical study supported by XRD and XRF characterization. The sample was beneficiated using distilled water attrition scrubbing and screening over a 25 μm sieve followed by leaching using a mixture of equal amounts of phosphoric and oxalic acids. Leaching experiments were designed and analyzed using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) methodology. A model was developed and evaluated using the analysis of variance technique to map the relationship between the residual iron oxide in the produced concentrate and selected variables such as leaching temperature, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid concentrations. XRD and mineralogical analysis reveal that quartz is the most dominant constituent of the studied sand and other minerals such as kaolinite, iron oxide, rutile, and zircon exist in trace amounts. The head sample shows a silica and iron oxide content of 95.69% and 2379 ppm, respectively. Attrition and separation over a 25 μm sieve increase the silica content to 97.05% and decreases the residual iron oxide to 455 ppm. The final product after leaching under optimized conditions shows 99.82% silica and 55 ppm iron oxide.
The Improved Framework for Traffic Sign Recognition Using Guided Image Filtering
Authors: Xing Jiawei , Nguyen Minh , Qi Yan Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the lighting conditions such as hazing, raining, and weak lighting condition, the accuracy of traffic sign recognition is not very high due to missed detection or incorrect positioning. In this article, we propose a traffic sign recognition (TSR) algorithm based on Faster R-CNN and YOLOv5. The road signs were detected from the driver’s point of view and the view was assisted by satellite images. First, we conduct image preprocessing by using guided image filtering for the input image to remove noises. Second, the processed image is input into the proposed networks for model training and testing. Three datasets are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method finally. The outcomes of the traffic sign recognition are promising.