bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of interparental relationship variability in parent–child interactions: Results from a sample of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and mothers with neurotypical children
Authors: Don Brian P. , Roubinov Danielle S. , Puterman Eli , Epel Elissa S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to examine how variability in interparental relationship functioning predicts the quality of parent–child interactions in daily life among families in which a child had autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and families of neurotypical children.BackgroundParent–child interactions predict a host of key outcomes for children, and one contributor to the health of parent–child interactions is the quality of the relationship between the parent couple. Yet, prior research has exclusively focused on how average levels of parental relationship functioning predicts parent–child interactions, which neglects the importance of variability in the interparental relationship.MethodDrawing on a sample of 167 mothers, one group with a child with ASD (n = 85), and the other group with a neurotypical child (n = 82), we examined how weekly variability in mothers' relational experiences with their partner predicted their interactions with their children in daily life using multilevel modeling.ResultsThe association between interparental relational variability and mother child‐interactions depended on mean levels of interparental relational functioning. Specifically, when mothers reported poor average relational functioning across a particular week, greater variability in their relationship across this same period was associated with benefits for mother–child interactions. This pattern was not seen in those with healthy interparental functioning. Moreover, moderation analyses suggested relational variability may be especially relevant for parent–child interactions of mothers of neurotypical children.ConclusionThese results suggest that the association between variability in parents' relational experiences and parent–child interactions depends upon mean levels.
Can diarrhea affect the pharmacokinetics of racecadotril in neonatal calves?
Authors: Tras Bunyamin , Ok Mahmut , Parlak Tugba Melike , Ider Merve , Yildiz Ramazan , Eser Faki Hatice , Ozdemir Kutahya Zeynep , Uney Kamil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study was aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of antisecretory‐acting racecadotril, used in the treatment of diarrhea in humans and dogs, following oral administration in both neonatal calves with healthy and neonatal calves with infectious diarrhea. The study was carried out on a total of 24 Holstein calves (2–20 days), of which 6 were healthy and 18 were infectious diarrhea. Calves with infectious diarrhea were divided into 3 groups according to the infectious agent (Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, and rotavirus/coronavirus). Racecadotril was administered orally at 2.5 mg/kg dose to calves. The plasma concentrations of racecadotril and its main active metabolite (thiorphan) were determined using HPLC‐UV. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using the non‐compartmental method. In healthy calves, the t1/2ʎz, Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0‐12 of racecadotril were determined 4.70 h, 377 ng/ml, 0.75 h, and 1674 h × ng/ml, respectively. In the plasma of calves with infectious diarrhea, racecadotril and thiorphan were only detected at the sampling time from 0.25 to 1.5 h. As in calves with infectious diarrhea, thiorphan in plasma was only detected in healthy calves from 0.25 to 1.5 h. Racecadotril showed a large distribution volume, rapid elimination, and low metabolism to thiorphan in healthy calves.
The GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 protein has an ancient, highly conserved role but not in retrograde signalling
Authors: Honkanen Suvi , Small Ian 
Published: June 2022

Summary

The pentatricopeptide repeat protein GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1) is required for chloroplast‐to‐nucleus signalling when plastid translation becomes inhibited during chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana, but its exact molecular function remains unknown.

We analysed GUN1 sequences in land plants and streptophyte algae. We tested functional conservation by complementation of the Arabidopsis gun1 mutant with GUN1 genes from the streptophyte alga Coleochate orbicularis or the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We also analysed the transcriptomes of M. polymorpha gun1 knockout mutant lines during chloroplast development.

GUN1 evolved within the streptophyte algal ancestors of land plants and is highly conserved among land plants but missing from the Rafflesiaceae that lack chloroplast genomes. GUN1 genes from C. orbicularis and M. polymorpha suppress the cold‐sensitive phenotype of the Arabidopsis gun1 mutant and restore typical retrograde responses to treatments with inhibitors of plastid translation, even though M. polymorpha responds very differently to such treatments.

Our findings suggest that GUN1 is an ancient protein that evolved within the streptophyte algal ancestors of land plants before the first plants colonized land more than 470 million years ago. Its primary role is likely to be in chloroplast gene expression and its role in chloroplast retrograde signalling probably evolved more recently.
Sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk indices: Its impact on cardiovascular events and mortality in dialysis patients
Authors: Baltacı Mehmet Akif , Atmis Volkan , Metin Yavuz , Aktar Merve , Eren Sayeste Akkan , Sengul Sule , Ates Kenan , Kutlay Sim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground: Sarcopenia is a common complication in end‐stage renal disease. Low muscle strength and muscle mass are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients undergoing dialysis. We studied the relation between sarcopenia and pre‐atherosclerotic markers and its effect on cardiovascular events and death in dialysis patients. Methods: We measured muscle strength, muscle mass, carotid intima‐media thickness, and pulse wave velocity in 106 patients. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the EWGSOP‐2 suggestions. Patients with low muscle strength and low muscle mass were considered sarcopenic. The follow‐up period for cardiovascular events and mortality was 24 months. Results: The mean age and dialysis duration were 57.4 ± 16.6 and 6.5 ± 4.9 years, respectively. Of all patients, 53 (50%) were male and 70 (66%) were on hemodialysis treatment. Sarcopenia and low muscle strength were seen in 47.1% and 88.7%, respectively. Hemodialysis patients were more likely to be sarcopenic than peritoneal dialysis patients (p = 0.001). Ferritin and Kt/V levels were higher, and body mass index was lower significantly in sarcopenic patients (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in carotid intima‐media thickness and pulse wave velocity measurements between the groups (p = 0.62 and p = 0.68, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in cardiovascular events and mortality in cases with and without sarcopenia (p = 0.43 and p = 0.17, respectively). Conclusion: There was no association between sarcopenia and pre‐atherosclerotic markers, cardiovascular events, and all‐cause mortality in dialysis patients. Techniques to detect low muscle strength and muscle mass need standardization, and new specific cut‐off levels must be defined for dialysis patients.
Learning from Stoke‐on‐Trent: Multiple ontologies, ontological alterity and the city
Authors: Pile Steve 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to learn from Stoke‐on‐Trent by asking questions about the ontologies of cities. It does so by counterposing two accounts of Stoke‐on‐Trent: one grounded in a critique of neoliberal urban development (or rather post‐industrial decline), and the other grounded in the experiences of Spiritualists. Placed side‐by‐side, Stoke‐on‐Trent demonstrates that cities accommodate more than one lived reality or mode of existence (ontology). The coexistence of multiple ontologies has been observed elsewhere, as a discussion of the work of Tariq Jazeel and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro shows. The important point, then, is that Stoke‐on‐Trent highlights the ontological heterogeneity of a city that seems to have only one story to tell: post‐industrial decline. This raises further questions: in part, about ontological alterity; in part, about the production of new ontologies; but, significantly, about the politics of coexisting ontologies – which ontologies count, and which do not.
Digital displacement: The spatialities of contentious politics in China's digital territory
Authors: Morris Carwyn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper conceptualises digital displacement as both a way through which the digital, dynamic and fragile spatialities of contentious politics can be examined and as a geographic critique of censorship. Digital displacement, understood here as the act of removing users from the digital places and spaces they wish to remain in and use, often through the act of deletion, is conceptualised through the digital displacement of two contentious political groups that attempted to contest the forced eviction of migrants from Beijing in 2017; hashtag focused #BeijingSurgery# and instant messaging group using BeijingTogether. Explored through participant observation, interviews and playful digital exploration, this paper examines the spatialities that made multiple digital displacements possible and the activist spatialities that emerged during and post‐displacement. In exploring this, I develop a flexible vocabulary around digital place, space, scale, territory and mobility to analyse the practices of digital displacement, to understand the socio‐spatial positionality of activists involved in digitally centred contentious politics and to contextualise their territorial positionality within Chinese digital territory and global digital territories. Through the examination of #BeijingSurgery# and BeijingTogether, the article highlights: the importance of digital territorial positionality for both activists and the digital places and spaces used for contentious politics; that within systems of digital spatial governance, deletion and displacement can be effective strategies of repressive governance with wide‐ranging displacement effects; and that while digital displacement is not necessarily the ending point of contentious politics, the re‐production of activist spatialities is more difficult when the authority being protested against governs the digital territory used for protest.
Needs Analysis of English Language Use in Tourism Industry in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Kholidi Muh Azhar , Azhan Nurin Auni Syauqina , Ariawan Soni 
Published: June 2022

English proficiency is required in all professional areas, but it has become essential in the tourist industry because of its specific characteristics. Needs analysis plays a vital role in developing the curriculum in English for specific purposes. This studyidentifies the needs and the problems of English language usage among the tourism industry employees in Selangor, Malaysia. The questionnaire was used as the primary data focusing on speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. Utilising a descriptive research design, a total of 50 respondents were randomly selected for the study. The findings showed that in general, the respondents’ overall needs of English language skills were rated at a high level. Meanwhile, regarding the employees’ problems in using English at work were found at a moderate level. The problems encountered were less high compared to their English language needs. The necessities resonated what English skills are essentials for them to use in their job and to know the elements of each skill to be improved when they learn English. The implication of the findings will be helpful to develop and expand existing English for Tourism curriculum or ESP courses, particularly in Malaysia and Indonesia, to create a more effective English for tourism course based on the needs of the tourism industry employees in the future.
Investigating the Benefits of Video-making Projects in Developing English Communication Skills
Authors: Oleiwi Raghad , Bunari Ghazali 
Published: June 2022

Project-based learning (PBL) is a learning method that is tested in many stages of education. Notably, video-making projects are frequently used to help English as Second Language (ESL) students actively apply the target language learned in the classroom to real-world situations. However, only a few studies have discussed the use of video-making projects by undergraduate students as active learning assignments and their benefits in developing communication skills. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate students’ perceptions of the effects of video-making projects, a form of PBL on their English writing and speaking skills. A qualitative research design was conducted by interviewing students about their experiences with video-making projects. The participants of this study were 7 undergraduate students from the school of computer engineering at a Malaysian public university taking the required course titled English Communication Skills. The students were asked by their teacher to produce one video project as a requirement of the course. The data from the interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of the study revealed that the students' attitudes towards the benefits and the use of video-making projects were overwhelmingly positive. They perceived that there were improvements in their English communication skills by gaining many new words, practicing better pronunciations, and using correct grammar. Consequently, it is strongly recommended to apply the video-making project in writing and speaking classes as an alternative way to enhance students’ writing and speaking abilities.
A Numerical Study of the Flow Field Driven by a Submerged, High-Speed, Gaseous Jet
Authors: Jana Amartya , Hoskoti Lokanna , Sucheendran Mahesh M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The analysis of the numerical study of underwater high-speed gas jets is presented in this study. This work aims to understand the development of the flow structure of the gas jets submerged in water and assess the performance of the jet in terms of the thrust under varying operating conditions. The behavior of the submerged gas jet is studied under two operating parameters, namely, the pressure ratio (ratio of the pressure of the gas jet at the nozzle exit to ambient pressure) and the depth of water at which the propulsion takes place. The effort utilizes computational fluid dynamics using the finite volume method to solve the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations in a two-dimensional axisymmetric domain combined with the mixture model for the multiphase flow. The unsteady behavior of different flow variables under varying operating parameters is discussed in detail. Further, the flow physics of a submerged supersonic gas jet is compared with a supersonic gas jet expanded in the air under a similar set of operating parameters. The effects of density difference between the gas and water have been studied from the comparative analysis.
Formation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Internal Cavity of Ferritin-Like Dps Protein: Studies by Anomalous X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Shtykova Eleonora V. , Petoukhov Maxim V. , Mozhaev Andrey A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) takes a special place among dodecamer mini-ferritins. Its most important function is protection of bacterial genome from various types of destructive external factors viain celluloDps–DNA co-crystallization. This protective response results in the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and other drugs. The protective properties of Dps have attracted a significant attention of researchers. However, Dps has another equally important functional role. Being a ferritin-like protein, Dps acts as an iron depot and protects bacterial cells from the oxidative damage initiated by the excess of iron. Here we investigated formation of iron oxide nanoparticles in the internal cavity of the Dps dodecamer. We used anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering as the main research technique, which allows to examine the structure of metal-containing biological macromolecules and to analyze the size distribution of metal nanoparticles formed in them. The contributions of protein and metal components to total scattering were distinguished by varying the energy of the incident X-ray radiation near the edge of the metal atom absorption band (the K-band for iron). We examined Dps specimens containing 50, 500, and 2000 iron atoms per protein dodecamer. Analysis of the particle size distribution showed that, depending on the iron content in the solution, the size of the nanoparticles formed inside the protein molecule was 2 to 4 nm and the growth of metal nanoparticles was limited by the size of the protein inner cavity. We also found some amount of iron ions in the Dps surface layer. This layer is very important for the protein to perform its protective functions, since the surface-located N-terminal domains determine the nature of interactions between Dps and DNA. In general, the results obtained in this work can be useful for the next step in studying the Dps phenomenon, as well as in creating biocompatible and solution-stabilized metal nanoparticles.
Design and development of a clinical decision support system for community health workers to support early detection and management of non-communicable disease
Authors: Zaman Sojib Bin , Silva Nisal De , Goh Tian Yu , Evans Roger G , Singh Rajkumari , Singh Rajesh , Singh Akash , Singh Parul , Thrift Amanda G 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundNumerous groups have developed software applications (apps) for use by community health workers (CHWs) in hard-to-reach settings. However, these have either not been based on clinical guidelines or are not freely available. Our objectives were to (1) design and develop an app for use by CHWs; and (2) conduct preliminary testing of the app to identify potential obstacles.MethodsWe used the principle of human-centred design to develop an app programmed to an Android operating system. We used a mixed-methods approach which included site observations, meetings with stakeholders and the app development team, and laboratory simulation to fine tune the design. The ‘Mobile Application Rating Scale’ (MARS) was used for testing reliability and quality. We also assessed the validity of the app by matching the uploaded data with ‘gold standard’ preset answers.ResultsDepending on human–computer interactions, the app has reminder, advisor, critic and guide functions which can facilitate CHWs to make clinical decisions. We found the app is usable based on the final score of the MARS tool, and that the entered data were accurate. We present the simple procedures that were followed to develop this Android app. The app, including all of its code, is freely available.ConclusionThe app shows promise as a tool for the management of non-communicable disease in a rural setting in India. The next step will be to refine the app in a field setting and then to evaluate its efficacy in a large-scale clinical trial.
Protocol for a prospective quasi-experimental study on SARS-CoV-2 transmission during outdoor sports events in France: the COVID-ESO project
Authors: Elias Christelle , Nail-Billaud Sandrine , Basset Patrick , Laurent Frédéric , Dantony Emmanuelle , Fauvernier Mathieu , Roy Pascal , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in the community remains a major concern despite the application of control measures including the banning of mass sporting events. The circulation of SARS-CoV-2 within the general population, and potentially within the population practicing outdoor sports activities, suggests contexts conducive to the transmission of the virus. We hypothesise that outdoor sports events (OSEs) do not present a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination. The objective of the COVID-ESO project is to measure if individuals participating in OSE present a similar risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared with individuals not participating in OSE, in France.Methods and analysisThe COVID-ESO project is a prospective, quasi-experimental study to be conducted in volunteer individuals likely to participate in OSE. Six events are targeted across France to be included. Three sport trials will be eligible for the study: running, cycling and triathlon. Each individual participating in the OSE will choose one of his or her usual training partner to be eligible for the unexposed control group. Individuals will be matched (1:1) on age, sex and the district of residence. Individuals assigned to the exposed group will participate in the OSE, whereas individuals assigned to the unexposed group will not participate in the OSE. All individuals will be asked to perform saliva tests on the day of the event and 7 days after the event. A questionnaire including sociodemographic, clinical and exposure data to SARS-CoV-2 will be sent by email for both groups on the day before the event and 7 days after the event. Differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates between the exposed versus the unexposed group will be analysed by fitting a conditional logistic regression model, adjusted for potential confounders. As the sport events unfold, data will be analyzed by performing sequential meta-analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the ethical committee. Ethical approval has been obtained for the Clinical research and committee of South West of France, 10 June 2021. COMITE DE PROTECTION DES PERSONNES DU SUD-OUEST ET OUTRE-MER 4 under the reference number 21.03.23.71737/CPP2021-04-045 a COVID/2021-A00845-36. Findings generated from this study will be shared to national health and sport authorities.
Sharing information about domestic violence and abuse in healthcare: an analysis of English guidance and recommendations for good practice
Authors: Dheensa Sandi , Feder Gene 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOver two million adults experience domestic violence and abuse (DVA) in England and Wales each year. Domestic homicide reviews often show that health services have frequent contact with victims and perpetrators, but healthcare professionals (HCPs) do not share information related to DVA across healthcare settings and with other agencies or services.AimWe aimed to analyse and highlight the commonalities, inconsistencies, gaps and ambiguities in English guidance for HCPs around medical confidentiality, information sharing or DVA specifically.SettingThe English National Health Service.Design and methodWe conducted a desk-based review, adopting the READ approach to document analysis. This approach is a method of qualitative health policy research and involves four steps for gathering, and extracting information from, documents. Its four steps are: (1) Ready your materials, (2) Extract data, (3) Analyse data and (4) Distill your findings. Documents were identified by searching websites of national bodies in England that guide and regulate clinical practice and by backwards citation-searching documents we identified initially.ResultsWe found 13 documents that guide practice. The documents provided guidance on (1) sharing information without consent, (2) sharing with or for multiagency risk assessment conferences (MARACs), (3) sharing for formal safeguarding and (4) sharing within the health service. Key findings were that guidance documents for HCPs emphasise that sharing information without consent can happen in only exceptional circumstances; documents are inconsistent, contradictory and ambiguous; and none of the documents, except one safeguarding guide, mention how coercive control can influence patients’ free decisions.ConclusionsGuidance for HCPs on sharing information about DVA is numerous, inconsistent, ambiguous and lacking in detail, highlighting a need for coherent recommendations for cross-speciality clinical practice. Recommendations should reflect an understanding of the manifestations, dynamics and effects of DVA, particularly coercive control.