bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediators and moderators in the relationship between maternal childhood adversity and children's emotional and behavioural development: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xuemei , Biaggi Alessandra , Sacchi Chiara , Lawrence Andrew J. , Chen Pei-Jung , Pollard Rebecca , Matter Maryam , Mackes Nuria , Hazelgrove Katie , Morgan Craig , Harding Seeromanie , Simonelli Alessandra , Schumann Gunter , Pariante Carmine M. , Mehta Mitul , Montana Giovanni , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana , Nosarti Chiara , Dazzan Paola 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMaternal experiences of childhood adversity can increase the risk of emotional and behavioural problems in their children. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide the first narrative and quantitative synthesis of the mediators and moderators involved in the link between maternal childhood adversity and children's emotional and behavioural development. We searched EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, Cochrane Library, grey literature and reference lists. Studies published up to February 2021 were included if they explored mediators or moderators between maternal childhood adversity and their children's emotional and behavioural development. Data were synthesised narratively and quantitatively by meta-analytic approaches. The search yielded 781 articles, with 74 full-text articles reviewed, and 41 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Maternal mental health was a significant individual-level mediator, while child traumatic experiences and insecure maternal–child attachment were consistent family-level mediators. However, the evidence for community-level mediators was limited. A meta-analysis of nine single-mediating analyses from five studies indicated three mediating pathways: maternal depression, negative parenting practices and maternal insecure attachment, with pooled indirect standardised effects of 0.10 [95% CI (0.03–0.17)), 0.01 (95% CI (−0.02 to 0.04)] and 0.07 [95% CI (0.01–0.12)], respectively. Research studies on moderators were few and identified some individual-level factors, such as child sex (e.g. the mediating role of parenting practices being only significant in girls), biological factors (e.g. maternal cortisol level) and genetic factors (e.g. child's serotonin-transporter genotype). In conclusion, maternal depression and maternal insecure attachment are two established mediating pathways that can explain the link between maternal childhood adversity and their children's emotional and behavioural development and offer opportunities for intervention.
Comparing the IVM laboratory outcomes between stimulated IVF with unstimulated natural cycles
Authors: Khalili Mohammad Ali , Mohsenzadeh Mehdi , Karimi Zarchi Mojgan , Vatanparast Mahboubeh 
Published: June 2022

SummaryRecently, more attention has been raised towards fertility preservation in women with cancer. One option is in vitro maturation (IVM) of the immature oocytes as there is not enough time for induction of an ovarian stimulation protocol. The aim was to compare the IVM laboratory outcomes between stimulated and unstimulated (natural) in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. In total, 234 immature oocytes collected from 15 cancer patients who underwent an IVM programme (natural IVM) and 23 IVF cycles with a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol (stimulated IVM) were analyzed. The oocyte morphology, zona pellucida (ZP), and meiotic spindle presence were measured using PolScope technology. Also, the rates of oocyte maturation and fertilization were assessed in both groups. The IVM rate was higher in the stimulated cycle (P < 0.05), but the fertilization rate was insignificant in comparison with unstimulated cycles. There were no significant differences in the spindle visualization and ZP birefringence scoring between the groups (P > 0.05). The oocyte normal morphology was better in the stimulated cycle compared with the natural cycle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IVM can be recommended for cancer patients as an alternative treatment when there is insufficient time for conventional IVF before chemotherapy initiation.
Morphological description of gametes in cave and surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853)
Authors: Rodríguez-Ballesteros Víctor , Mendoza-Garfias Berenit , Ulloa-Arvizu Raúl , Balcazar Alberto , Ornelas-García C. Patricia 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus presents two contrasting morphs, a widely distributed surface morph and a cave-adapted morph. These cave-adapted morphs have evolved independently from two different lineages (i.e. ‘old’ and ‘new’ lineages); therefore, this model system gives a unique opportunity to explore parallel adaptive evolution in biological traits. The present study corresponds to the first morphological description of the Astyanax mexicanus maturation process of the spermatozoa and oocytes, using thermal and hormonal stimuli to promote spermatogenesis and oogenesis, considering surface and cave morphs from both lineages. We corroborate the relevance of thermal and hormonal stimuli to promote gamete maturation. The hormone Ovaprim (GnRHa + Domperidone) is an effective promoter of ovarian development, maturation end in oocytes and spawning in Astyanax mexicanus. The sperm morphology of Astyanax mexicanus includes the sperm head, the midpiece, and tail or flagellum. We found differences in the spermatozoan total length between environments (F = 9.929, P = 0.05) and linages (F = 49.86, P = 0.005). The oocytes showed a spherical conformation with a mean diameter of 822.4 ± 194.1 μm for the surface populations, and 604.6 ± 38.3 µm for the cave populations. The oocyte chorion presents ridges and grooves that are arranged radially towards the micropyle. A plug in the micropyle zone was observed after fertilization, confirmed by the outer membrane of the chorion, which provides some weak adhesiveness to the substrate. We observed differences in chorion thickness between the contrasting environmental conditions. This is the first morphological characterization of the Sótanos Vázquez, Escondido and Tigre, which previous to this study were only known from speleological expeditions, with no previous biological information available.
Can mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and their conditioned medium improve ovarian functions? A mini-review
Authors: Pouryousefi-koodehi Tayebe , Shayegan Shika , Hashemi Soheyla , Arefnezhad Reza , Roghani-Shahraki Hossein , Motedayyen Hossein , Taghizabet Neda , Rezaei-Tazangi Fatemeh 
Published: June 2022

SummaryStable ovarian function is a key factor in the performance of the reproductive system. In contrast, some ovarian function-related diseases, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian failure (POF), and ovarian cancer, are the main cause of infertility and death of women around the world. Despite multiple attempts, there are no effective tools against these conditions; however, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy, especially using adipose tissue, has attracted much attention in medicine in light of its advantages such as easy isolation and accessibility. Conversely, it has been suggested that MSC-conditioned medium (CM) can restore injured tissues and has high immunocompatibility. So, here, we will summarize the effects of administration of MSCs and CM derived from adipose tissue on ovarian functions and related diseases.
Evaluation of the impact and acceptability of Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) for chronic depression
Authors: Linstead Jonathan , Doyle Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground:Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is an evidenced based treatment model for chronically depressed patients.Aims:The main aim of this service evaluation was to assess the acceptability and clinical impact of CBASP for chronic depression within an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service.Method:Routinely collected data were analysed for all patients that received CBASP treatment focussing on the recovery rates of these patients in terms of depression, anxiety and social functioning. Interviews were conducted with patients who had recently been discharged from CBASP therapist within one month of the follow-up date, explore their experiences of therapy.Results:Outcome data for 27 patients suggested substantial reduction in scoring on measures of depression and anxiety following CBASP treatment. Across all interviews it was clear that patients developed an insight and understanding of how their behaviours affect the outcome of interpersonal situations.Conclusions:Results from this service evaluation suggest that CBASP is acceptable to service users and has a positive clinical impact in terms of IAPT recovery targets for anxiety, depression and social functioning.
On the Rayleigh Wave Induced Ionospheric Perturbations During the Mw 9.0 11 March 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Authors: Thomas Dhanya , Bagiya Mala S. , Hazarika Nava Kumar , Ramesh D. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpatial and temporal characteristics of Rayleigh wave generated ionospheric perturbations are well documented based on the ionospheric measurements using Global Positioning System (GPS)‐Total Electron Content (TEC) technique. However, due to integrated nature of the GPS recorded TEC, the actual detection altitudes of these perturbations could not be determined. In general, the maximum electron density altitude (hmF2) is assumed as the perturbation detection altitude in GPS‐TEC. To validate this assumption, case studies focusing on the early detection of ionospheric perturbations induced by direct epicentral waves during the Mw 7.4 9 March 2011 Sanriku‐Oki and Mw 9.0 11 March 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquakes were performed. In the present study, we attempt to estimate the detection altitudes of GPS‐TEC derived ionospheric perturbations generated by the propagating Rayleigh surface waves following the Mw 9.0 11 March 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. Based on the 3D ray tracing of Rayleigh wave generated acoustic waves in the atmosphere and realistic GPS station‐satellite line of sight geometry, we could efficaciously compute the actual detection altitudes of Rayleigh wave generated coseismic ionospheric perturbations (CIPs). Further, our study also demonstrates the possible detection of CIPs progressively at different altitudes based on varying satellite geometries.
Unraveling the Roles of Saltation Bombardment and Atmospheric Instability on Magnitude and Size Distribution of Dust Emission Fluxes: Lessons From the JADE and WIND‐O‐V Experiments
Authors: Alfaro S. C. , Bouet C. , Khalfallah B. , Shao Y. , Ishizuka M. , Labiadh M. , Marticorena B. , Laurent B. , Rajot J. L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe size distribution of the vertical flux of dust freshly emitted from a wind‐eroded surface was recently shown to depend on the thermal stratification of the surface boundary layer (SBL). These new results question the way dust emission is currently represented in the dust models and emphasize the need to identify the factors controlling the intensity and size‐resolved dust flux at emission. In this study, we re‐analyze the data of two major campaigns (JADE and WIND‐O‐V) performed on unvegetated plots and during which the characteristics of the (a) surface of the eroding fields, (b) aerodynamic conditions (wind speed, stability of the SBL), (c) saltation flux (intensity and size distribution), and (d) vertical dust flux (intensity and size distribution) determined by the gradient method were carefully documented. The magnitude and size distribution of the vertical dust flux are found to be deeply intertwined and to be controlled in the first place by the kinetic energy of the saltating sand grains, and to a lesser extent by the size‐dependent uplift of the sandblasted particles. In unstable conditions coarser sand grains are mobilized, which increases the kinetic energy of the saltation flux and leads to the production of finer particles by sandblasting. Conversely, the uplift of supermicron particles is facilitated by the increase of the wind friction velocity, which results in an enrichment of the vertical dust flux in the coarsest particles at large wind speeds. The implications of these new findings are particularly important for the modeling of the dust emission/transport/deposition cycle.
From Lake to River: Documenting an Environmental Transition Across the Jura/Knockfarril Hill Members Boundary in the Glen Torridon Region of Gale Crater (Mars)
Authors: Caravaca Gwénaël , Mangold Nicolas , Dehouck Erwin , Schieber Juergen , Zaugg Louis , Bryk Alexander B. , Fedo Christopher M. , Le Mouélic Stéphane , Le Deit Laetitia , Banham Steven G. , Gupta Sanjeev , Cousin Agnès , Rapin William , Gasnault Olivier , Rivera‐Hernández Frances , Wiens Roger C. , Lanza Nina L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBetween January 2019 and January 2021, the Mars Science Laboratory team explored the Glen Torridon (GT) region in Gale crater (Mars), known for its orbital detection of clay minerals. Mastcam, Mars Hand Lens Imager, and ChemCam data are used in an integrated sedimentological and geochemical study to characterize the Jura member of the upper Murray formation and the Knockfarril Hill member of the overlying Carolyn Shoemaker formation in northern GT. The studied strata show a progressive transition represented by interfingering beds of fine‐grained, recessive mudstones of the Jura member and coarser‐grained, cross‐stratified sandstones attributed to the Knockfarril Hill member. Whereas the former are interpreted as lacustrine deposits, the latter are interpreted as predominantly fluvial deposits. The geochemical composition seen by the ChemCam instrument show K2O‐rich mudstones (∼1–2 wt.%) versus MgO‐rich sandstones (>6 wt.%), relative to the average composition of the underlying Murray formation. We document consistent sedimentary and geochemical data sets showing that low‐energy mudstones of the Jura member are associated with the K‐rich endmember, and that high‐energy cross‐stratified sandstones of the Knockfarril Hill member are associated with the Mg‐rich endmember, regardless of stratigraphic position. The Jura to Knockfarril Hill transition therefore marks a significant paleoenvironmental change, where a long‐lived and comparatively quiescent lacustrine setting progressively changes into a more energetic fluvial setting, as a consequence of shoreline regression due to either increased sediment supply or lake‐level drop.
The evolution of BDNF is defined by strict purifying selection and prodomain spatial coevolution, but what does it mean for human brain disease?
Authors: Lucaci Alexander G. , Notaras Michael J. , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L. , Colak Dilek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is an essential mediator of brain assembly, development, and maturation. BDNF has been implicated in a variety of brain disorders such as neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder), neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, PTSD, and schizophrenia), and various neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, etc.). To better understand the role of BDNF in disease, we sought to define the evolution of BDNF withinMammalia. We conducted sequence alignment and phylogenetic reconstruction of BDNF across a diverse selection of >160 mammalian species spanning ~177 million years of evolution. The selective evolutionary change was examined via several independent computational models of codon evolution including FEL (pervasive diversifying selection), MEME (episodic selection), and BGM (structural coevolution of sites within a single molecule). We report strict purifying selection in the main functional domain of BDNF (NGF domain, essentially comprising the mature BDNF protein). Additionally, we discover six sites in our homologous alignment which are under episodic selection in early regulatory regions (i.e. the prodomain) and 23 pairs of coevolving sites that are distributed across the entirety of BDNF. Coevolving BDNF sites exhibited complex spatial relationships and geometric features including triangular relations, acyclic graph networks, double-linked sites, and triple-linked sites, although the most notable pattern to emerge was that changes in the mature region of BDNF tended to coevolve along with sites in the prodomain. Thus, we propose that the discovery of both local and distal sites of coevolution likely reflects ‘evolutionary fine-tuning’ of BDNF’s underlying regulation and function in mammals. This tracks with the observation that BDNF’s mature domain (which encodes mature BDNF protein) is largely conserved, while the prodomain (which is linked to regulation and its own unique functionality) exhibits more pervasive and diversifying evolutionary selection. That said, the fact that negative purifying selection also occurs in BDNF’s prodomain also highlights that this region also contains critical sites of sensitivity which also partially explains its disease relevance (via Val66Met and other prodomain variants). Taken together, these computational evolutionary analyses provide important context as to the origins and sensitivity of genetic changes within BDNF that may help to deconvolute the role of BDNF polymorphisms in human brain disorders.
ARIH2 regulates the proliferation, DNA damage and chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells by reducing the stability of p21 via ubiquitination
Authors: Geng Shengjun , Peng Wen , Wang Xue , Hu Xiaosong , Liang Hanghua , Hou Jianbing , Wang Feng , Zhao Gaichao , Lü Muhan , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAriadne homolog 2 (ARIH2) is a key member of the RING-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligase family, which is characterized by an RBR domain involved in the polyubiquitination process. However, the molecular mechanism and biological function of ARIH2 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer remain unclear. In this paper, we found that high ARIH2 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients and that ARIH2 can significantly promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. The effect of ARIH2 knockdown on colony formation and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells was also shown both in vivo and in vitro. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that ARIH2 interacts with p21 and induces p21 ubiquitination, and that the K48 residue of ubiquitin and the K161 residue of p21 play key roles in ARIH2-mediated p21 ubiquitination. We identified ARIH2 as an E3 ligase of p21 by an in vitro ubiquitination assay. In addition, ARIH2 knockdown induced DNA damage, and then induced cell apoptosis and regulated the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells after combined treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Generally, our results indicated that ARIH2 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and regulates p21 expression. These data demonstrate the need to further evaluate the potential therapeutic implications of ARIH2 in gastric cancer.
Host control and the evolution of cooperation in host microbiomes
Authors: Sharp Connor , Foster Kevin R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHumans, and many other species, are host to diverse symbionts. It is often suggested that the mutual benefits of host-microbe relationships can alone explain cooperative evolution. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis with evolutionary modelling. Our model predicts that mutual benefits are insufficient to drive cooperation in systems like the human microbiome, because of competition between symbionts. However, cooperation can emerge if hosts can exert control over symbionts, so long as there are constraints that limit symbiont counter evolution. We test our model with genomic data of two bacterial traits monitored by animal immune systems. In both cases, bacteria have evolved as predicted under host control, tending to lose flagella and maintain butyrate production when host-associated. Moreover, an analysis of bacteria that retain flagella supports the evolution of host control, via toll-like receptor 5, which limits symbiont counter evolution. Our work puts host control mechanisms, including the immune system, at the centre of microbiome evolution.
Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots
Authors: Urso Mario , Ussia Martina , Novotný Filip , Pumera Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanoplastic pollution, the final product of plastic waste fragmentation in the environment, represents an increasing concern for the scientific community due to the easier diffusion and higher hazard associated with their small sizes. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for effective strategies to quantify and remove nanoplastics in wastewater. This work presents the “on-the-fly” capture of nanoplastics in the three-dimensional (3D) space by multifunctional MXene-derived oxide microrobots and their further detection. A thermal annealing process is used to convert Ti3C2Tx MXene into photocatalytic multi-layered TiO2, followed by the deposition of a Pt layer and the decoration with magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The MXene-derived γ-Fe2O3/Pt/TiO2 microrobots show negative photogravitaxis, resulting in a powerful fuel-free motion with six degrees of freedom under light irradiation. Owing to the unique combination of self-propulsion and programmable Zeta potential, the microrobots can quickly attract and trap nanoplastics on their surface, including the slits between multi-layer stacks, allowing their magnetic collection. Utilized as self-motile preconcentration platforms, they enable nanoplastics’ electrochemical detection using low-cost and portable electrodes. This proof-of-concept study paves the way toward the “on-site” screening of nanoplastics in water and its successive remediation.
RNase III-CLASH of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus reveals a regulatory mRNA 3′UTR required for intermediate vancomycin resistance
Authors: Mediati Daniel G. , Wong Julia L. , Gao Wei , McKellar Stuart , Pang Chi Nam Ignatius , Wu Sylvania , Wu Winton , Sy Brandon , Monk Ian R. , Biazik Joanna M. , Wilkins Marc R. , Howden Benjamin P. , Stinear Timothy P. , Granneman Sander , Tree Jai J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTreatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is dependent on the efficacy of last-line antibiotics including vancomycin. Treatment failure is commonly linked to isolates with intermediate vancomycin resistance (termed VISA). These isolates have accumulated point mutations that collectively reduce vancomycin sensitivity, often by thickening the cell wall. Changes in regulatory small RNA expression have been correlated with antibiotic stress in VISA isolates however the functions of most RNA regulators is unknown. Here we capture RNA–RNA interactions associated with RNase III using CLASH. RNase III-CLASH uncovers hundreds of novel RNA–RNA interactions in vivo allowing functional characterisation of many sRNAs for the first time. Surprisingly, many mRNA–mRNA interactions are recovered and we find that an mRNA encoding a long 3′ untranslated region (UTR) (termed vigR 3′UTR) functions as a regulatory ‘hub’ within the RNA–RNA interaction network. We demonstrate that the vigR 3′UTR promotes expression of folD and the cell wall lytic transglycosylase isaA through direct mRNA–mRNA base-pairing. Deletion of the vigR 3′UTR re-sensitised VISA to glycopeptide treatment and both isaA and vigR 3′UTR deletions impact cell wall thickness. Our results demonstrate the utility of RNase III-CLASH and indicate that S. aureus uses mRNA-mRNA interactions to co-ordinate gene expression more widely than previously appreciated.