bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast three‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the canine lumbar spinal cord vascular supply: A feasibility study
Authors: Santifort Koen , Beukers Martijn , Gil Vicente Aige , Pijnenburg Jeanette , Van Soens Iris , Mandigers Paul , Bergknut Niklas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is the noninvasive spinal cord vascular imaging modality of choice in human medicine. The aim of this exploratory, prospective, descriptive study was to assess the feasibility of fast three‐dimensional (3D) contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRA for visualization of spinal vascular structures in the canine lumbar region. Fourteen canine patients weighing > 5 kg were included. The lumbar arteries were consistently visualized (14/14;100%). Spinal arteries, radicular branches, great radicular artery (of Adamkiewicz), ventral spinal artery, and dorsal spinal arteries were not visualized (0/14;0%). The internal vertebral venous plexus was visualized in 11 of 14 (79%) dogs. Overall, the results of this study show that fast 3D CE‐MRA of the lumbar region in dogs is feasible. However, the smaller arteries responsible for the spinal cord vascular supply were not visualized in this study.
National savings in freshwater consumption in Iran by virtual water imports (a case study on cereals)
Authors: Hekmatnia Mehran , Safdari Mehdi , Ahmadi Asaad , Monibi Hamidreza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImproper use of water resources for agricultural production has led to a global decline in freshwater resources because more than 80% of the world's freshwater resources are used for agricultural purposes. Most countries can compensate for the water restrictions for food production by importing virtual water through international trade of agricultural commodities by which virtual water is transferred from the production regions to the consumption regions. The present research aimed to investigate the possibility of national savings in freshwater consumption in Iran by importing virtual water of agricultural products (cereals) over the period of 2001–2018. The results show that importing cereals has contributed to national savings on freshwater consumption in Iran, amounting to 21 167 million m3 per year. The total saving is estimated at 381 011 million m3 out of which 53.18% is green water, 34.09% is blue water, and 12.73% is grey water.
Multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli from free‐living pigeons (Columba livia): Insights into antibiotic environmental contamination and detection of resistance genes
Authors: Bueno Thaís Silveira , Loiko Márcia Regina , Vidaletti Marina Roth , de Oliveira Júlia Alves , Fetzner Tiago , Cerva Cristine , de Moraes Lucas Brunelli , De Carli Silvia , Siqueira Franciele Maboni , Rodrigues Rogério Oliveira , Coppola Mario de Menezes , Callegari‐Jacques Sidia Maria , Mayer Fabiana Quoos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBacterial resistance is a public and one health problem. Free‐living birds can be reservoirs of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from free‐living urban pigeons (Columba livia) in South Brazil. Ninety‐two animals were sampled, and one isolate was obtained from each one. The isolates were characterized, and the antimicrobial resistance profile and beta‐lactam and colistin resistance genes were investigated. The isolates were classified as phylogroups B1 (35%), B2 (33%), A (16%) and D (16%), and 14% of the strains had the eae virulence gene. All isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 63% of them were multidrug‐resistant. Geographical location where the pigeons were captured and presence of the eae gene were associated with multidrug resistance. blaVIM and mcr‐1 genes were detected in one and two isolates, respectively. This is the first report of these genes in E. coli of pigeons. The blaVIM‐positive isolate was classified as Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli, and the isolates with mcr‐1 were classified as Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli, which raise additional concerns related to public health since these are zoonotic pathotypes. The results reveal that pigeons carry multidrug‐resistant pathogenic E. coli, which may interest public health. Nonetheless, further studies on whether these animals are sources of contamination for humans must be performed to understand their role in spreading antimicrobial resistance.
Slowly‐adapting type II afferents contribute to conscious touch sensation in humans: Evidence from single unit intraneural microstimulation
Authors: Watkins Roger Holmes , Durao de Carvalho Amante Mario , Backlund Wasling Helena , Wessberg Johan , Ackerley Rochelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSlowly‐adapting type II (SA‐II, Ruffini) mechanoreceptive afferents respond well to pressure and stretch, and are regularly encountered in human microneurography studies. Despite an understanding of SA‐II response properties, their role in touch perception remains unclear. Specific roles of different myelinated Aβ mechanoreceptive afferents in tactile perception have been revealed using single unit intraneural microstimulation (INMS), via microneurography, recording from and then electrically stimulating individual afferents. This method directly links single afferent artificial activation to perception, where INMS produces specific ‘quantal’ touch percepts associated with different mechanoreceptive afferent types. However, SA‐II afferent stimulation has been ambiguous, producing inconsistent, vague sensations, or no clear percept. We physiologically characterized hundreds of individual Aβ mechanoreceptive afferents in the glabrous hand skin and examined the subsequent percepts evoked by trains of low amplitude INMS current pulses (<10 μA). We present 18 SA‐II afferents where INMS resulted in a clear, electrically evoked sensation of large (∼36 mm2) diffuse pressure, which was projected precisely to their physiologically‐defined receptive field in the skin. This sensation was felt as natural, distinctive from other afferents, and showed no indications of multi‐afferent stimulation. Stimulus frequency modulated sensation intensity and even brief stimuli (4 pulses, 60 ms) were perceived. These results suggest that SA‐II afferents contribute to perceived tactile sensations, can signal this rapidly and precisely, and are relevant and important for computational models of touch sensation and artificial prosthetic feedback.Key points
Slowly adapting type II mechanoreceptors (SA‐IIs) are primary sensory neurons in humans that respond to pressure and stretch applied to the skin.
To date, no specific conscious correlate of touch has been linked to SA‐II activation.
Using microneurography and intraneural microstimulation to stimulate single sensory neurons in human subjects, we find a specific sensation linked to the activation of single SA‐II afferents.
This sensation of touch was reported as gentle pressure and subjects could detect this with a high degree of accuracy.
Methods of artificial tactile sensory feedback and computational models of touch should include SA‐IIs as meaningful contributors to the conscious sensation of touch.
Composition of Cosmic Spherules from Ferromanganese Crusts of the Magellan Seamounts
Authors: Savelyev D. P. , Savelyeva O. L. , Moskaleva S. V. , Rashidov V. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract—
2720 cosmic spherules extracted from ferromanganese crusts sampled at two guyots of the Magellan Seamounts were studied using a scanning electron microscope. In comparison with collections of modern cosmic spherules, our samples are significantly richer in I-type spherules (consisting of Fe oxides, often with a Fe–Ni metal core). The compositions of 406 metal cores were analyzed. Six spherules with cores significantly enriched in Co (>5 wt %) were found; these were the first spherules of this composition ever found worldwide. Such a high Co content in the cores cannot be explained by the evolution of a micrometeorite of chondrite composition at its melting. Some groups of the spherules have either elevated or lower Co concentrations than those expected according to the evolutionary trend of spherules at oxidation during the atmosphere entry. These groups apparently reflect the composition of the initial micrometeorites. It is proposed to use the composition of the cores of cosmic spherules to reveal the time variation in the composition of cosmic dust entering the Earth. Several spherules were found with small cores compared to the oxide shell; these cores are characterized by the presence of a significant amount of platinum group elements (PGE) (up to 2.4 wt % PGE). The averaged composition of PGE in the high-Ni core, which is the richest in PGE, shows a pattern close to that of chondrite. The collection contains 23 spherules that host PGE nuggets. In three spherules, micrometer-sized nuggets with various PGE were found (one nugget is Os + Ir + Ru, and two others contain all PGE). In 20 spherules, nanometer-sized nuggets of rhodium platinum were found. The largest nugget (3 μm) has PGE ratios close to chondritic, with the exception of a significant depletion in Pd.
Evaluating the effect of different photon beams on intensity modulated radiation therapy for liver cancer
Authors: Hassn S. , El-Shahat Khaled M. , Eissa M. F. , Aly A. H. 
Published: May 2022

We aimed to evaluate dosimetrically the effect of 6 MV, 10 MV and dual 6 and 10 MV photon beam energies on the liver of most cancers using steep and shoot IMRT methods, and we investigate a few important parameters, including dose, conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI). The beams were arranged based on different angles. The same optimization constraints were applied for each energy planning and all other parameters, such as number of beams and beam angles, were kept constant. The dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for the 6 MV, 10 MV and dual energy plans were compared for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR). Twenty-eight cases ([Formula: see text]) of liver SBRT patients formerly handled the use of steep and shoot IMRT techniques. Three plans with identical beam geometries were created using 6 MV, 10 MV and dual energy. In the central axis, the powerful intensity from each beam was calculated, and the values were averaged.
On strongly closed and Hall s-semiembedded subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Yu Haoran , Xu Xiaowei , Zhang Guanghao 
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be subgroups of a finite group [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is called strongly closed in [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for every [Formula: see text], and in particular, [Formula: see text] is simply called strongly closed in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is strongly closed in [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a subgroup of a finite group [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is called Hall [Formula: see text]-semiembedded in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is a Hall subgroup of [Formula: see text] for every [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we obtain some criteria for [Formula: see text]-nilpotency of a finite group and extend some known results concerning strongly closed and Hall [Formula: see text]-semiembedded subgroups. In particular, we generalize some main results of Guo and Li [Hall [Formula: see text]-semiembedded subgroups and [Formula: see text]-nilpotency of finite groups, Southeast Asian Bull. Math. 42(3) (2018) 367–374] and Kong [New characterizations of [Formula: see text]-nilpotency of finite groups, J. Algebra Appl. 20(11) (2021) Article ID: 2150215, 6 pp.].
Effects of Dietary Taurine on Growth, Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus)
Authors: Bavi Zeinab , Zakeri Mohammad , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Yavari Vahid 
Published: May 2022

To evaluate the effects of dietary taurine on Acipenser ruthenus, a total of 180 fish with an initial weight of

14.13
±
0.10

g, were stocked into 15 (300 liters) tanks (12 fish/replicate) for 70 days. Five experimental diets (38.60% crude protein and 18.78% crude lipid) supplemented with 0 (T0), 5 (T5), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), and 50 (T50) g/kg taurine were used. The experimental fish were fed to visual satiation four times daily. At the end of the experimental period, weight gain, thermal growth coefficient, and survival in fish fed T30 diet was higher (

P
<
0.05

) than other experimental fish. Food conversion ratio in all treatments containing taurine was significantly lower than T0 treatment (

P
<
0.05

). The highest and the lowest total essential amino acids of muscle were found in T50 and T0 treatments, respectively. The highest serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were observed in the T30 treatment (

P
<
0.05

). An increasing trend was observed in the values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities of serum from T0 to T30 treatments and the highest level was recorded in T30 (

P
<
0.05

). The highest lysozyme, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and amylase activities were also observed in T30. Catalase activity in T15 was higher than other treatments (

P
<
0.05

). Malondialdehyde activity in T0 was significantly higher than other experimental treatments (

P
<
0.05

). The highest total numbers of bacteria and lactic acid bacteria of the gut was recorded in T30 and T5, respectively. The overall results indicate that the T30 experimental diet induced the improvement of growth performance, hepatic, digestive, and antioxidant enzyme activities in A. ruthenus.
Clinical Value of Preoperative Ultrasound Signs in Evaluating Axillary Lymph Node Status in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Jundong , Lu Xiaoli , Zheng Xuan , Xia Congyan , Li Ping 
Published: May 2022

Purpose. To explore the clinical value of preoperative ultrasound signs in evaluating axillary lymph node status in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 162 patients with TNBC who were admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2021. A total of 62 patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and 100 patients with normal axillary lymph nodes were included. Univariate and logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between clinicopathological parameters, ultrasound features, and axillary lymph node metastasis between these two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of each index was drawn to predict positive axillary lymph node. Results. The lymph node positive rate was higher in patients with tumor size (

2

mm
<
T
≤
5

mm

) and tumor stage III, and the difference between these two groups was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The patients with

cortical

thickness
≥
3

, blood flow grades II-III,

aspect

ratio

L
/
S

≥
2

, and

RI
≥
0.7

had higher lymph node positive rate, and the difference between these two groups was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Other index shows no correlation with ancillary lymph node positive rate, or the correlation was not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

). Further regression analysis indicated that the blood flow grade and L/S of axillary lymph nodes were independent influencing factors of axillary lymph node metastasis in TNBC patients (

P
<
0.05

). Relevant receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and the AUC of axillary lymph node blood flow grade and L/S for predicting axillary lymph node status was 0.6329 and 0.6498, respectively. The AUC for the joint prediction of the two indicators is 0.6898. Conclusion. Ultrasound sign combined with clinicopathological characteristics can predict the axillary lymph nodes metastasis in TNBC, which could guide clinical decision of axillary lymph node surgery.
Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Growth Performance, Lipid Deposition, Antioxidant Ability, and Immunity in Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Fed Diet with Fish Oil Totally Replaced by Palm Oil
Authors: Huang Qincheng , Wang Xiaodan , Liu Jiadai , Wang Han , Miao Yixin , Zhang Cong , Zhang Meiling , Qin Chuanjie , Qin Jianguang , Chen Liqiao 
Published: May 2022

This research evaluated the protective effect of vitamin A (VA) on the adverse effect of fish oil (FO) substitution with palm oil (PO) in an economical crab Eriocheir sinensis. Three diets of FO, PO, and

PO
+
8000

IU
/
kg

VA as the main lipid sources were fed to crabs, respectively, for 8 weeks. Compared to crabs fed FO diet, crabs fed PO diet showed reduced hemolymph VA concentration, feed utilization efficiency, and growth performance. Besides, crabs fed PO diet showed elevated lipid content in hepatopancreas and body and triglyceride content in hepatopancreas, leading to decreased antioxidant enzyme and immune parameters activities from biochemical analysis, enzymatic determination, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, compared to crabs fed PO only, VA supplementation in PO improved the growth performance and utilization of fatty acids and reduced lipid deposition in the hepatopancreas. In addition, VA supplementation suppressed gene expression related to triglyceride synthesis (dgat1) and positively affected gene expression related to lipid catabolism (cpt1a, cpt1b, cpt2, and caat). Furthermore, VA supplementation upregulated antioxidant genes (CuZnSOD and CAT) through downregulating gene expression of upstream regulator Keap1. Furthermore, VA supplementation upregulated immune genes (Lzm and proPO) expression and reduced proinflammatory genes (LITAF, ADAM17, and IL-16) expression related to Toll2/MyD88/Relish signaling pathway. This study shows the necessity of VA addition in the feed with FO totally replaced by PO because it can relieve PO’s adverse effects and improve the growth of crabs.
Effect of Dietary Polyherbal Mixture on Growth Performance, Haemato-Immunological Indices, Antioxidant Responses, and Intestinal Morphometry of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Fawole Femi J. , Yisa Rihanat O. , Jayeoba Oluwole O. , Adeshina Ibrahim , Ahmed Akeem O. , Emikpe Benjamin O. 
Published: May 2022

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary effect of Nigeria polyherbal mixture (PHB) on growth, haemato-immune parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and intestinal morphometry of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Four diets were formulated with PHB powder at inclusion of 0 g/kg (control), 0.5 g/kg (PHB 0.5), 1.0 g/kg (PHB 1.0), and 2.0 g/kg (PHB 2.0) and fed to African catfish (

6.32
±
0.02

g

/fish, 15 fish/50 L tank) in triplicates. Fish fed PHB 2.0 recorded higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (

p
<
0.05

) compared to the control. There were no statistical differences (

p
>
0.05

) in feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio among the dietary groups. The haematological profile indicates that the fish fed PHB-1.0 had higher Hb, RBCs count, and Hct, and blood performance (

p
<
0.05

) compared to the control. ALT levels were found higher in the control and the lowest values recorded in PHB groups (

p
<
0.05

); however, AST did not differ significantly among the groups (

p
>
0.05

). The highest heterophil counts and respiratory burst activity were recorded in PHB-1.0 and PHB-0.5 and PHB-2.0, respectively, while a numerically improved total immunoglobulin value was recorded in PHB-0.5 compared to the control (

p
>
0.05

). Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase had a significant improvement in fish fed PHB-based diet compared to the control (

p
<
0.05

), while glutathione peroxidase showed no statistical differences between the groups (

p
>
0.05

). Intestinal morphometric measurements showed that the fish fed PHB-1.0 had the highest villus height, area of absorption, and villus height/cryptal depth ratio compared to the control. Muscle thickness increased (

p
<
0.05

) with increasing PHB level with the highest value recorded PHB-2.0. In conclusion, dietary PHB could improve growth, blood profile, immunity, antioxidant enzyme capacity, and intestinal morphometry of African catfish without any significant alteration in the liver function enzymes.
Effects of Three Compound Attractants in Plant Protein Diets on Growth, Immunity, and Intestinal Morphology of Yellow River Carp Cyprinus carpio var
Authors: Fang Tingting , Li Xiang , Wang Jiting , Guan Dongyan , Sun Huiwen , Yun Xiao , Zhou Jie 
Published: May 2022

A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of three compound attractants on the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal morphology of Yellow River (YR) carp. Five treatment groups were included in the feeding experiment. Group I consisted of a fishmeal-based diet (positive control), and group II was a plant protein diet (negative control). The compound attractants 1 (

0.06
%
dimethyl
−
beta
−
propiothetin

DMPT

+
0.22
%
tangerine

peel

powder
+
0.75
%
yeast

powder

), 2 (

0.05
%
garlic

powder
+
0.06
%
DMPT
+
0.75
%
yeast

powder

), and 3 (

0.07
%
sodium

glutamate
+
0.22
%
tangerine

peel

powder
+
0.34
%
betaine

) were added to the plant protein diet, belonging to groups III, IV, and V, respectively. The three different compound attractants significantly improved the weight gain rate, special growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio of Yellow River (YR) carp (

P
<
0.05

) compared with the negative control, among which group III performed best. Similarly, group III had significantly higher serum lysozyme (LZM) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities than the negative control, and groups III, IV, and V depicted significantly higher LZM activities in the liver and gill (

P
<
0.05

). Groups III, IV, and V revealed significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities in the serum and liver than the negative control (

P
<
0.05

), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was the opposite (

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, the height and width of the plica in the foregut and midgut and the thickness of the midgut muscle layer in group III were significantly higher than those in the negative control (

P
<
0.05

). Therefore, adding compound attractants in a plant protein diet can significantly enhance the total antioxidant and immune capacity, along with improved growth performance of YR carp. Similarly, compound attractants significantly elevated the height and width of the intestinal fold within the anterior and middle sections of the intestine, depicting that compound attractants promote intestinal digestion and absorption, thereby reducing intestinal injury. The results from the three experimental groups found that the compound attractants combined with 0.06% DMPT, 0.22% tangerine peel powder, and 0.75% yeast powder were more suitable for the basic plant protein diet of YR carp.
Hypomagnesemia in intestinal lymphangiectasia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Feng Hao , Zou Linfeng , Zhai Xiao , Zhang Shengyu , Li Jingnan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a rare disease characterized by dilation of lymphatic vessels and leakage of lymphatic fluids into the intestinal lumen, causing depletion of lymphocytes, protein, lipids, fat-soluble vitamins, and electrolytes. Hypomagnesemia can occur in IL patients but is seldom discussed.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old Tibetan woman who had chronic diarrhea, edema, tetany, and tingling was diagnosed with IL. Prominent hypomagnesemia was noticed. She was treated with a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet and nutrient supplementation with satisfactory results. We also present a systematic review of hypomagnesemia in IL cases from the published literature.

Conclusions
Hypomagnesemia may be an overlooked complication of IL, thus monitoring serum magnesium concentrations in IL patients is crucial.