bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОТНОШЕНИЯ КИТАЯ И ЮЖНОЙ КОРЕИ: РОЛЬ АМЕРИКАНСКОГО ФАКТОРА
Authors: Сочжу Хуан 
Published: September 2022

За 30 лет, прошедших с момента установления дипломатических отношений между Китайской Народной Республикой (КНР) и Республикой Корея (РК), взаимоотношения между двумя странами динамично развивались, демонстрируя успехи двустороннего сотрудничества в различных областях. Одним из важных факторов, определяющих текущее состояние и будущее китайско-южно­корейских отношений, остаётся фактор США. Для достижения своей стратегической цели сдерживания Китая США используют «северокорейскую угрозу» как предлог для развёртывания в регионе противоракетных систем, рассматривая Японию и Республику Корея (Южную Корею) в качестве опоры для построения антикитайского окружения и создания Индо-Тихоокеанского аналога НАТО. Асимметрия южнокорейско-американского альянса остаётся одной из важных причин ограничивающего американского фактора для южнокорейской дипломатии и серьёзным препятствием для дальнейшего развития китайско-южнокорейских отношений. После окончания холодной войны увеличение национальной мощи, благодаря быстрому экономическому росту, расширило масштабы и цели внешней политики Южной Кореи и позволило войти ей в число региональных средних держав. В контексте китайско-американской конкуренции Южная Корея, с одной стороны, применяет стратегию «следования» («вandwagoning») в отношениях с США, с другой – стремится к национальной стратегической автономии. Её будущая роль и место в системе международных отношений во многом будет определять то, как Южная Корея будет справляться с рисками, вызванными конкуренцией великих держав, и сможет ли она избежать повторного вовлечения в конкуренцию или конфликт великих держав. Сегодня она сталкивается с необходимостью принимать правильные решения и делать правильный выбор.
Ключевые слова: внешняя политика, региональная безопасность, китайско-южнокорейские отношения, американский фактор, Индо-Тихоокеанская стратегия, декитаизация, стратегия следования, внешнеполитическая автономия.
The Problem of Separatism in Modern Spain: the Catalan Question
Authors: Gavrilova S. M. 
Published: September 2022

Catalan nationalism, rooted in the 19th century, transformed into separatism in the 1980s, threatening the existence of the Spanish state. The unstable political situation in the country caused by the crisis of the party system and serious economic problems is noticeably aggravated by the Catalan issue. The separatists representing the autonomy are not distinguished by unity, which provokes additional tension in the region, but they have a serious impact on the central government. The instability of the current Spanish government, formed by socialists, is compounded by the need to seek support from representatives of Catalan nationalist pariahs in the country’s parliament. This fact also makes it necessary for the ruling party not only to enter into a dialogue with the Catalan separatists, but also to agree to certain concessions.The situation is complicated by the fact that in the autonomy itself, the separatists are not supported by the majority of the population, and some residents of the region openly speak from unionist positions. The whole complex complex of contradictions of the Catalan question is critically connected with the problem of reforming the constitutional system of the Kingdom of Spain. The current Constitution of the country – which has become very obvious at the current stage of the development of the political and social crisis in Spain – requires a partial revision, primarily from the point of view of resolving the issue of the powers of a number of autonomies in the state and their interaction with the center.
Review Literatur: Faktor Resiko Depresi dan Kecemasan Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Selama Wabah COVID-19
Authors: Widiani Esti , Palupi Lingling Marinda 
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 has created a state of anxiety and depression in health workers. Objectives: To identified what factors influence depression and anxiety. Methods: This literature summary used the PEOS framework. Search for articles through the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Ovid databases in January 2021. The keywords used for the search for articles were (((((related factors) OR (risk factors)) AND (health workers)) OR (medical staff)) AND (anxiety)) AND (depression)) AND (covid 19). Results: The risk factors identified included age, gender, hours of work, front-line health workers, mental health, grade professional title, COVID-19 outbreak news or information, history of physical illness, negative experiences and social rejection, and fear of being exposed and transmitting COVID-19, and having children at home. Other risk factors included problems in the work environment, marital status, knowledge of COVID-19, quality of rest and sleep, living in the countryside, personal protective equipment, caring for family members, being infected with COVID-19, and bad family relationships. Many risk factors can trigger depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Health policymakers must take steps to control these risk factors.Keywords: depression; anxiety; COVID-19; healthcare worker
STUDI KOMPARATIF KONFLIK BERSENJATA NON-INTERNASIONAL DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL ( Comparative Study on Non-International Armed Conflict in International Humanitarian Law )
Authors: Budisantosa Kushartoyo 
Published: September 2022

AbstrakKonvensi-konvensi Jenewa 1949 dan Protokol Tambahan II 1977 tidak memberikan definisi mengenai konflik bersenjata non-internasional (KBNI). Protokol Tambahan II hanya menentukan ambang batas atas dan bawah yang termasuk ke dalam jenis konflik ini, termasuk persyaratan yang diperlukan agar Protokol berlaku. Penentuan jenis konflik berguna untuk menentukan apakah Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI) berlaku. Sehubungan dengan itu, jurisprudensi pada Tribunal Internasional untuk bekas Negara Yugoslavia (ICTY) dan Rwanda (ICTR), Pengadilan Khusus untuk Siera-Leone (SCSL), dan Mahkamah Kriminal Internasional (ICC) menggunakan pendekatan berbeda. Tulisan ini membandingkan pengaturan KBNI menurut sumber hukum tertulis dengan pelaksanaannya dalam putusan Peradilan Internasional. Walaupun perkembangan menunjukkan terdapat berbagai konflik bersenjata lainnya, namun hasil perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa tetap hanya terdapat dua jenis KBNI: pertama, KBNI yang dicakup dalam Common Article 3 dari Konvensi Jenewa 1949; dan kedua, KBNI yang dicakup dalam Pasal 1 Protokol Tambahan II 1977. Putusan Pengadilan Internasional bersifat melengkapi dan memperjelas KBNI. Kata kunci : Konflik Bersenjata Non-Internasional, ICTY, ICTR, SCSL, ICCAbstractThe Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocol II of 1977 do not provide a definition of non-international armed conflict (NIAC). Additional Protokol II specifies only the upper and lower thresholds that fall into this type of conflict, including requirements necessary to take effect. Determining the type of armed conflict is useful for determining whether International Humanitarian Law (IHL) applies. In this connection, the jurisprudence at the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR), the Special Court for Syria (SCSL) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) took a different approach. This paper compares NIAC between conventional legal sources and international judicial judgments. Although state practices indicate various other armed conflicts, the result shows that there are only two types of NIAC: first, NIAC which is covered in common article 3 of the Geneva Convention 1949; and second, NIAC which is coverend in Article 1 of Additional Protocol II 1977. Judgments of international tribunals complements and clarifies NIAC in Geneva Convention and its Additional Protocol II.Keywords: Non-International Armed Conflict (NIAC), ICTY, ICTR, SCSL, ICC
DEVELOPING WATERSHED ANALYSIS TOOL IN GIS ENVIRNOMENT
Authors: Ismaeel Omar Abdullah , Yahya Bashar Monier , Ahmed Khansaa Abduelah 
Published: September 2022

The process of deriving the hydrological parameters in the GIS environment requires semi-automated procedures that depend on the user’s experience with the tools designed within the system, and this in turn may cause technical errors as a result of implementing the sequential steps that address an issue, so there was a need to develop tools that depend on the total automated derivation reduce the number of steps while reducing the time required for implementation. As a result, in the presented work, a hydrological toll was created as an automated workflow using Python and ArcGIS Model Builder, which will be explained. The workflow for this tool was developed in Python and applied to Iraq's northeast region. Through the statistical comparison of all derived stream configuration results using DEM, an ideal threshold value was found to maximize drainage configuration. The code was successful in automatically estimating the right ranking of specified stream orders without any further manual processes. Therefore, the developed tool saves effort and time, making it an extremely valuable function for large catchment basins.
A Training Program Based on Integrating Future Thinking Skills and Classroom Interaction Patterns for Mathematics Teachers and Providing Their Students with Creative Solution Skills
Authors: Jawad Lina Fouad , Moudhe Nada Shahada 
Published: September 2022

The research aims to recognize the impact of the training program based on integrating future thinking skills and classroom interaction patterns for mathematics teachers and providing their students with creative solution skills. To achieve the goal of the research, the following hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of students of mathematics teachers whose teachers trained according to the proposed training program (the experimental group) and whose teachers were not trained according to the proposed training program (the control group) in Pre-post creative solution skills test. Research sample is consisted of (31) teachers and schools were distributed into two groups: experimental (15) and control group (16) and the student sample consisted of (310) male and female students and by (150) for the experimental group (whose teachers were trained according to the training program) and (160) for the control group (whose teachers were not trained in the training program). The researcher prepared a test for creative solving skills that consisted of (27) items of multiple choice and essay type. Its validity, stability, coefficient of difficulty, discriminatory power, and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives were calculated. In analyzing the results, the researcher relied on a test and (T-test) for two independent samples and the size of the effect, and the results were as follows: there is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of mathematics teachers who trained their teachers according to the proposed training program (the experimental group) and who Their teachers did not train according to the proposed training program (the control group) in the post-creative solution skills test.
Household Consumer’s Preferences And Demand For Granulated Sugar In Bandar Lampung City
Authors: Muchtar Djalil Selly , Erry Prasmatiwi Fembriarti , Endaryanto Teguh 
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis preferensi, permintaan dan faktor penentu permintaan gula pasir konsumen rumah tangga di Kota Bandar Lampung. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Kemiling, Way Halim, Tanjung Karang Barat dan Tanjung Karang Timur Kota Bandar Lampung. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survei dengan teknik multistage random sampling. Responden penelitian adalah ibu rumah tangga berjumlah 100 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis konjoin, metode statistik deskriptif dan regresi linear berganda. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan bulan Januari-Maret 2021. Hasil diperoleh yaitu gula pasir yang disukai konsumen adalah gula kemasan dengan tekstur halus dan berwarna putih, berukuran satu kilogram dengan kisaran harga Rp. 11.500 – Rp. 13.000. Atribut produk yang dianggap paling penting sampai yang paling tidak penting secara berurutan adalah atribut jenis, tekstur, warna, ukuran, dan harga. Pola permintaan gula pasir konsumen rumah tangga didasarkan pada merek dagang yang banyak digunakan yaitu gula Gulaku dengan rata-rata pembelian gula 0,57 kg/kapita/bulan. Faktor penentu permintaan gula pasir adalah harga gula pasir dan jumlah anggota keluarga.
Keunggulan Bersaing UMKM Industri Pangan di Bandar Lampung
Authors: Yuniarti Evi , Fitriani Fitriani , Puji Hartono Dwi , Nurmala Nurmala 
Published: September 2022

MSMEs sector is so important because this sector has a share of up to 60% in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). But the Central Statistics Agency (BPA) conducted a survey in August and found that the incomes of cooperatives and MSMEs decreased during the pandemic. The current study was conducted to re-examine the effect of innovation, digital marketing, and accounting application on competitiveness enhancement of MSMEs in the food industry sector. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a sample size of 100 food industrial MSMEs operating in the emerging market of Bandar Lampung. Hypotheses were tested through multiple regression models using SPSS 22. The results indicate that Innovation has a significant impact on competitive enhancement and MSMEs performance. Digital Marketing has a significant impact on competitive enhancement and MSMEs performance. Lasting the accounting application has a significant impact on competitive enhancement and MSMEs performance. Firms are required to create an effective business model to acquire competitive advantage and superior financial performance. Implications for practice have been discussed.
Pengaruh Insentif Kerja dan Pengalaman Auditor terhadap Kinerja Audit Judgment
Authors: Laula Putri Fadilah  , Pupung Purnamasari  
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence work incentives and auditor experience on audit judgment performance. The method used in this research is descriptive verification method with a quantitative approach. The source of data used in this study is the primary data source obtained from the Public Accounting Firm (KAP). The sampling technique in this study is convenience sampling by distributing 39 questionnaires to auditors who work at the Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in the Bandung City area. The hypothesis testing used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 26 statistical tool. The results of hypothesis testing show that work incentives and auditor experience have a positive and significant effect on audit judgment. For further research, it is suggested to use other variables such as ethical perception and task complexity.
Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi insentif kerja dan pengaIaman auditor terhadap kinerja audit judgment. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber data primer yang diperoleh dari Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP). Adapun teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah convenience sampling dengan menyebarkan 39 kuesioner kepada auditor yang bekerja di Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) yang berada di wilayah Kota Bandung. Pengujian hipotesis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dengan alat statistik SPSS versi 26. HasiI pengujian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa insentif kerja dan pengaIaman auditor berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap audit judgment. Bagi kepentingan penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk menggunakan variabel lain seperti persepsi etis dan kompleksitas tugas.
Analisis Konsep Gadai dalam Fikih Muamalah di Desa Mekarmukti Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Rizkia Putri Firdhausya  , Redi Hadiyanto  
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This research was motivated by a pawn transaction in Mekarmukti Village, West Bandung Regency, namely pawning rice fields to two parties with different forms of submission of collateral objects, namely rice fields certificates and rice fields objects. The research method used is normative descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The type of research data obtained through library and field data. Sources of data using primary data and secondary data with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used was data reduction, data presentation and conclusions related to the pawning of rice fields in Mekarmukti Village, West Bandung Regency, which were analyzed based on the theory of the concept of pawning (Rahn). The results of this study are first, a pawn is the detention of an item as collateral if the debtor is unable to pay his debt. Second, Rahin makes a pawn transaction to two parties with collateral which is essentially the same, the only difference being the form of the object of delivery, namely the certificate of rice field land and the object of rice field land. Third, in its implementation, this pawn transaction is categorized as a false pawning practice because it does not meet the requirements for rahn in marhun (pawned goods) because the ownership rights of marhun are not perfect so that a rahin is not allowed to pawn back goods that are in detention or pledge collateral.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh transaksi gadai di Desa Mekarmukti, Kabupaten Bandung Barat yaitu menggadaikan tanah sawah kepada dua pihak dengan bentuk penyerahan objek jaminannya yang berbeda yaitu sertifikat tanah sawah dan objek tanah sawah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan analisis deskriptif normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis data penelitian yang didapatkan melalui data pustaka dan lapangan. Sumber data menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan terkait dengan gadai sawah di Desa Mekarmukti Kabupaten Bandung Barat di analisis berdasarkan teori konsep gadai (Rahn). Hasil penelitian ini pertama, gadai merupakan penahanan suatu barang sebagai jaminan apabila yang berutang tidak mampu membayar utangnya. Kedua, rahin melakukan transaksi gadai kepada dua pihak dengan barang jaminan yang pada hakikatnya adalah sama yang membedakan hanya bentuk dari objek penyerahannya yaitu sertifikat tanah sawah dan objek tanah sawah. Ketiga, dalam pelaksanaannya transaksi gadai ini dikategorikan kedalam praktik gadai yang bathil karena tidak memenuhi syarat rahn dalam marhun (barang gadai) sebab hak kepemilikan marhun menjadi tidak sempurna sehingga tidak boleh seorang rahin menggadaikan kembali barang yang sedang dalam penahanan atau jaminan gadai.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Kebijakan Kenaikan Iuran BPJS
Authors: Imanda Tria Hadi  , Eva Fauziah  
Published: September 2022

Abstract. BPJS contributions have increased three times. Finally, BPJS contributions are set to increase during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on this background, there are three things that want to be researched, namely: 1) What is the government's policy regarding the increase in BPJS contributions in Bukittinggi City. 2) What are the impacts and complaints from the public on the policy of increasing BPJS contributions in Bukittinggi City. 3) How does Islamic law review the policy of increasing BPJS Health contributions? The thesis research method is descriptive qualitative research which is carried out directly in the field (field research). The research location was conducted in the city of Bukittinggi. The data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. Furthermore, the technical analysis of data is to analyze and describe the overall analysis problem of what is found in the field. The results of this study indicate that the review of Islamic law (maqasid shari'ah) on the policy of increasing BPJS Health contributions in the City of Bukittinggi, according to the author, has not prioritized the concept of maqasid shari'ah because it causes harm, namely the increase in contributions that must be paid is too high, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. 19 the economy is getting more difficult, there is an element of injustice in health services even though some of the people still pay the due..
Abstrak. Iuran BPJS telah terjadi tiga kali kenaikan. Terakhir iuran BPJS ditetapkan naik dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut terdapat tiga hal yang ingin diteliti yaitu: 1) Bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah terkait kenaikan iuran BPJS di Kota Bukittinggi. 2) Bagaimana dampak dan keluhan masyarakat terhadap kebijakan kenaikan iuran BPJS di Kota Bukittinggi. 3) Bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam trrhadap kebijakan kenaikan iuran BPJS Kesehatan?. Metode penelitian skripsi yaitu dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan (field research). Adapun lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Kota Bukittinggi. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, teknis analisis data adalah menganalisis dan menggambarkan permasalahan analisis secara keseluruhan dari apa saja yang ditemukan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tinjauan hukum islam (maqasid syari’ah) terhadap kebijakan kenaikan iuran BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Bukittinggi menurut penulis belum mengutamakan konsep maqasid syari’ah karena menimbulkan kemudharatan, yaitu kenaikan iuran yang harus dibayarkan terlalu tinggi terlebih lagi dimasa pandemi covid-19 perekonomian semakin sulit, adanya unsur ketidak adilan dalam pelayanan kesehatan padahal dari sebagian masyarakat tetap membayar iuran tersebut..