bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inventory Balancing with Online Learning
Authors: Cheung Wang Chi , Ma Will , Simchi-Levi David , Wang Xinshang 
Published: January 2022

We study a general problem of allocating limited resources to heterogeneous customers over time under model uncertainty. Each type of customer can be serviced using different actions, each of which stochastically consumes some combination of resources and returns different rewards for the resources consumed. We consider a general model in which the resource consumption distribution associated with each customer type–action combination is not known but is consistent and can be learned over time. In addition, the sequence of customer types to arrive over time is arbitrary and completely unknown. We overcome both the challenges of model uncertainty and customer heterogeneity by judiciously synthesizing two algorithmic frameworks from the literature: inventory balancing, which “reserves” a portion of each resource for high-reward customer types that could later arrive based on competitive ratio analysis, and online learning, which “explores” the resource consumption distributions for each customer type under different actions based on regret analysis. We define an auxiliary problem, which allows for existing competitive ratio and regret bounds to be seamlessly integrated. Furthermore, we propose a new variant of upper confidence bound (UCB), dubbed lazyUCB, which conducts less exploration in a bid to focus on “exploitation” in view of the resource scarcity. Finally, we construct an information-theoretic family of counterexamples to show that our integrated framework achieves the best possible performance guarantee. We demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithms on both synthetic instances generated for the online matching with stochastic rewards problem under unknown probabilities and a publicly available hotel data set. Our framework is highly practical in that it requires no historical data (no fitted customer choice models or forecasting of customer arrival patterns) and can be used to initialize allocation strategies in fast-changing environments. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, Management Science Special Section on Data-Driven Prescriptive Analytics.
Design of Electricity Demand-Response Programs
Authors: Agrawal Vishal V. , Yücel Şafak 
Published: January 2022

During a heat wave on a summer afternoon, a utility firm may face unusually high demand and procurement cost for electricity. Under such conditions, a demand-response event occurs, and the firm asks residential customers to reduce their demand. Such a demand-response program not only reduces the firm’s procurement cost, but it can also be environmentally beneficial by reducing generation from emissions-intensive power plants. In a demand-response program, a utility firm pays a rebate to customers for each unit of their demand reduction—the difference between a customer’s demand and consumption. However, the demand reduction cannot be directly measured because the firm cannot observe the customer’s demand, but only its consumption. Accordingly, a utility firm estimates the demand reduction by subtracting the consumption from a baseline, which is typically set as a customer’s average historical demand. In this paper, we first investigate how the existence of a baseline influences a customer’s demand reduction decision and when it leads to under- or overestimation of the actual demand reduction. We then analyze how a utility firm should adjust the baseline from the customer’s average demand. We find that it should inflate (deflate) the baseline if the cost difference between event and non-event periods is large (small), even though this may lead to greater overestimation (underestimation) of the customer’s demand reduction. Interestingly, we show that inflation of the baseline, which one would expect to make reducing demand more attractive for a customer, can actually lead to a smaller demand reduction, resulting in higher emissions. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Shipborne expendable all-optical fiber ocean temperature-depth profile sensor
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Wang Yinglong , Sun Peng , Du Dawei , Yu Luyao , Zhang Jianwei , Ding Baoyan , Han Guihai , Qu Yi 
Published: January 2022

Traditional electrical expendable bathythermograph (XBT) is designed to fall at a known rate based on a great deal of experiments so that the depth of the temperature profile can be inferred from the time it enters the water. Unlike the traditional electrical XBT, which derives the depth from fall-rate equations, we propose an all-optical fiber (AOF) XBT (AOF-XBT) based on cascade of two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). In the AOF-XBT, the depth data comes from one FBG, which responds in real time to the pressure acting on the diaphragm, and temperature data can be measured via the other FBG simultaneously. First, the pressure and temperature response characteristics of the AOF-XBT are analyzed based on a finite element method. Then, the temperature and pressure calibrations for the AOF-XBT is completed after they are packaged. Results show that the mean-temperature sensitivity of two sensors are 14.765 and 13.705 pm/°C in the range of 5°C–30°C, and the mean-pressure sensitivities are

−

2.75586

and

−

3.00472

n
m

/

M
P
a

in the range of 0–0.6 MPa, respectively. At last, by comparing the results obtained from the AOF-XBT and the SBE 911plus CTD that tested in the sea area of Weihai, the trends of the temperature-depth profile from the two devices are consistent, which presents a new all-optical technique to provide full ocean temperature-depth profile observations.
Design of high-quality polarization-independent Fabry–Perót interferometers in an air-hole silicon photonic crystal
Authors: Lin Guimin , Chen Xiyao 
Published: January 2022

Two high-quality (high-Q) polarization-independent Fabry–Perót interferometers (PIFPIs) based on the self-collimation (SC) effect in an air-hole silicon photonic crystal (PhC) are designed and numerically demonstrated. Two kinds of PhC mirrors with high reflectivity are found, which can both constitute high-Q Fabry–Perót interferometers (FPIs). Although the transmission spectra of the FPIs are polarization dependent due to the birefringence of the PhC, the same resonance frequencies for both TE modes and TM modes in the high-Q FPIs can be obtained using the polarization peak matching method. For the first PIFPI, the Q factors for TE and TM modes are 841.7 and 427.5, respectively, which are much higher than those in existing works. For the other PIFPI, the Q factors for the TE and TM modes are up to 1694.8 and 1807.7, respectively. For the operating wavelength of 1550 nm, the dimensions of these two PIFPIs are about

25.1

×

12.6

µ

m

. With their small dimensions and high Q, the proposed PIFPIs can be used as sharply tuned optical filters or as spectrum analyzers, and may play an important role in future photonic integrated circuits.
Investigating the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Tsai Chi-Jui , Huang Ho-Yin , Chen Fang-Ming , Yang Yi-Hsin , Chen Li-Chia , Hsieh Kun-Pin 
Published: January 2022

Background
This study compared the recurrence risk of single versus dual adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used the Taiwan Cancer Registry database linking to the Taiwan National Health Insurance data from 2011 to 2016. We compared the recurrence risk between BCS-based regimens in Cox regressions and presented as adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).

Results
The 1,836 study cohort with a low-to-intermediate risk of recurrence was grouped into BCS alone (6.1%), BCS+RT (6.2%), BCS+HT (23.4%) and BCS+HT+RT (64.3%) according to the initial treatments. During the follow-up (median: 3.3 years), the highest 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was in BCS+RT (94.1%) group and followed by BCS+HT+RT (92.8%), BCS+HT (87.4%) and BCS alone (84.9%). Of the single adjuvant therapies, RT was more effective than HT. Both BCS+HT (HR: 1.52, 95%CI: 0.99–2.35) and BCS+RT (HR: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.50–2.41) did not significantly increase recurrence risk comparing against the BCS+HT+RT group.

Conclusion
Single adjuvant demonstrated a similar subsequent recurrence risk with dual adjuvant. This study supports the proposition to de-escalate adjuvant treatments in patients with low-to-intermediate risk of DCIS recurrence.
Few SARS-CoV-2 infections detected in Newfoundland and Labrador in the absence of Public Health Laboratory-based confirmation
Authors: Ings Danielle P. , Hatfield Keeley M. , Fifield Kathleen E. , Harnum Debbie O. A. , Holder Kayla A. , Russell Rodney S. , Grant Michael D. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
To assess the incidence of COVID-19 infection in the absence of a confirmatory test in persons suspecting they contracted COVID-19 and elucidate reasons for their belief.

Methods
We recruited persons with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and persons who believed they may have contracted COVID-19 between December, 2019 and April, 2021 into a study of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. An intake questionnaire captured their perceived risk factors for exposure and symptoms experienced, including symptom duration and severity. ELISA testing against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens was done to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. No participant had received COVID-19 vaccination prior to the time of testing.

Results
The vast majority of study subjects without Public Health confirmation of infection had no detectable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2 generally involved experiencing symptoms common to many other respiratory infections. Unusually severe or persistent symptoms often supported suspicion of infection with SARS-CoV-2 as did travel or contact with travelers from outside Newfoundland and Labrador. Rare cases in which antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected despite negative results of Public Health testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA involved persons in close contact with confirmed cases.

Conclusions
Broad public awareness and declaration of pandemic status in March, 2020 contributed to the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 in Newfoundland and Labrador from late 2019 to April 2021 and raised expectation of its severity. Serological testing is useful to diagnose past infection with SARS-CoV-2 to accurately estimate population exposure rates.
Changes in BNP levels from discharge to 6-month visit predict subsequent outcomes in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Shiba Masayuki , Kato Takao , Morimoto Takeshi , Yaku Hidenori , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Ozasa Neiko , Seko Yuta , Yamamoto Erika , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kitai Takeshi , Yamashita Yugo , Iguchi Moritake , Nagao Kazuya , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Sato Yukihito , Nakagawa Yasuaki , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between changes in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) from discharge to 6-month visit and subsequent clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).MethodsAmong 1246 patients enrolled in the prospective longitudinal follow-up study nested from the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry, this study population included 446 patients with available paired BNP data at discharge and 6-month index visit. This study population was classified into 3 groups by percent change in BNP from discharge to 6-month visit; the low tertile (≤-44%, N = 149), the middle tertile (>-44% and ≤22%, N = 149) and the high tertile (>22%, N = 148).FindingsThe cumulative 180-day incidence after the index visit of the primary outcome measure (a composite endpoint of all-cause death or hospitalization for HF) was significantly higher in the high and middle tertiles than in the low tertile (26.8% and 14.4% versus 6.9%, log-rank P<0.0001). The adjusted excess risk of the high tertile relative to the low tertile remained significant for the primary outcome measure (hazard ratio: 3.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.51–8.46, P = 0.003).ConclusionsPercent change in BNP was associated with a subsequent risk for a composite of all-cause death and hospitalization for HF after adjustment of the absolute BNP values, suggesting that observing the change in BNP levels, in addition to absolute BNP levels themselves, helps us to manage patient with HF.
Intravenous Ringers lactate versus normal saline for predominantly mild acute pancreatitis in a Nepalese Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Karki Binod , Thapa Suresh , Khadka Dibas , Karki Sanjit , Shrestha Roshan , Khanal Ajit , Shrestha Ramila , Paudel Bidhan Nidhi 
Published: January 2022

Background
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common presentation in patients admitted with acute abdomen. Whether Ringers lactate (RL) or Normal Saline (NS) as a resuscitation fluid is better still remains unclear. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of RL and NS in terms of control of systemic inflammation by measuring indirect markers specifically Systemic Inflammation Response Syndrome (SIRS) scores and C- Reactive Protein (CRP) level.

Methods
This was an open label randomized trial conducted in a tertiary level hospital of Nepal. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the study. Patients with acute pancreatitis were randomized to either RL or NS group for the fluid resuscitation. The fluid was given as per the study protocol for three days for hydration. Baseline SIRS and CRP were recorded on admission and subsequently as defined. All the data were analyzed using SPSS ver 20.0 software.

Results
Total 51 patients were enrolled, 26 in RL and 25 in NS group. The commonest etiology of AP was alcohol (84.31%). SIRS was present in 46.2% and 64.0% of patients in RL and NS group respectively (p = 0.20) on admission. At least one SIRS criteria was still present in 44.0% of patients in the NS group compared to only 15.4% in the RL group after 24 hours (p = 0.025). The baseline CRP were comparable in both the groups. However after 72 hours, the increment of CRP was more in the NS group compared to the RL group; median value of 14.2 mg/dl (12.15, 16.45) and 22.2 mg/dl (18.20, 30.60) in RL and NS group respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions
Ringers lactate was associated with a reduction in systemic inflammation compared to normal saline in patients with acute pancreatitis. Incidence of SIRS at 72 hours and occurrence of local complications were however similar in both the groups.
Factors associated with treatment outcome of MDR/RR-TB patients treated with shorter injectable based regimen in West Java Indonesia
Authors: Soeroto Arto Yuwono , Nurhayati Raden Desy , Purwiga Aga , Lestari Bony Wiem , Pratiwi Chica , Santoso Prayudi , Kulsum Iceu Dimas , Suryadinata Hendarsyah , Ferdian Ferdy 
Published: January 2022

Background and aimsMulti drug or rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) is a major burden to TB prevention and eradication globally. Since 2016, WHO guidelines have included options for treating MDR/RR-TB with a standard regimen of 9 to 11 months duration (the ’shorter regimen’) rather than an individual regimen of at least 20 months. This regimen has been introduced in Indonesia since September 2017. Therefore, we aimed to determine the success rate and factors associated with the treatment outcome of shorter injectable based regimen in West Java province, Indonesia.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of MDR/RR-TB patients aged over 18 years old who received the shorter injectable based regimen between September 2017 and December 2020. We defined successful outcomes as the combined proportion of patients who were cured or had complete treatment. While, unsuccessful outcomes were defined as the combined proportion of patients who died from any causes, failure, and loss to follow-up (LTFU).ResultsA total of 315 patients were included in this study. The success rate was 64.5%. Multivariate analysis showed male gender (aRR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34) increased the chance of successful outcome, while malnutrition (aRR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.89), history of previous TB treatment (aRR = 0.80%CI 0.68 to 0.94), and time of culture conversion >2 months (aRR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.87) decreased the chance of successful outcome.ConclusionHistory of previous TB treatment, time of culture conversion >2 months, and malnutrition were independent factors that decrease the chance for success rate, while male gender increase the likelihood for success rate of patients treated by the shorter injectable based regimen.
Policy and strategies addressing prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance in Brazil: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Nunes Joslaine de Oliveira , Domingues Raissa Allan Santos , Barcellos Roberto Mauro Pinto Coelho , Alves Bárbara Manuella Cardoso Sodré , Carvalho Isis Polianna Silva Ferreira de , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the biggest health challenges of the 21st century. It has both social and economic consequences; therefore, timely review of public health policies that have been designed to manage AMR is essential. Brazil too has developed and implemented various polices for the prevention and control of AMR. However, till date, no study provides insights regarding the various public health policies or other programs implemented by Brazilian institutes.

Objective
The objective is to define a scoping review protocol of policies that were developed to address prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance in Brazil, from a human health perspective.

Method
This protocol has been registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/EC9ZJ). Indexed literature in English, Spanish and Portuguese published till December 2020 in Lilacs, PubMed, Embase, and official websites of the Brazilian government will be reviewed. This review considers all studies identified through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases that have a reference for policies made for managing AMR in Brazil. The criteria for the scoping review will be set by two evaluators. A third evaluator will be consulted, if there is any disagreement between the two primary evaluators. A standardized form will be used for data extraction from the selected studies. The results will be presented in a tabular form with narrative abstracts related to the topics identified through the scoping review protocol. The PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews tool will be used.
Women, Writing and the Iraqi Ba‘thist State: Contending Discourses of Resistance and Collaboration, 1968–2003, Hawraa Al-Hassan (2020)
Authors: Farzaneh Mateo Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Review of: Women, Writing and the Iraqi Ba‘thist State: Contending Discourses of Resistance and Collaboration, 1968–2003, Hawraa Al-Hassan (2020)
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 264 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47444-175-9, h/bk, $105.00
Unfree: Migrant Domestic Work in Arab States, Rhacel Salazar Parreñas (2022)
Authors: Talhimi Ghada Hashem 
Published: January 2022

Review of: Unfree: Migrant Domestic Work in Arab States, Rhacel Salazar Parreñas (2022)
Stanford: Stanford University Press, 221 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-50362-965-3, p/bk, $24.00
What the West is Getting Wrong about the Middle East: Why Islam is Not the Problem, Ömer Taspinar (2021)
Authors: Terry Janice J. 
Published: January 2022

Review of: What the West is Getting Wrong about the Middle East: Why Islam is Not the Problem, Ömer Taspinar (2021)
London: I.B. Tauris, 268 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78831-010-9, h/bk, $27.00
Volumetric overestimation of small branches in 3D reconstructions of <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>
Authors: Demol Miro , Wilkes Phil , Raumonen Pasi , Krishna Moorthy Sruthi , Calders Kim , Gielen Bert , Verbeeck Hans 
Published: January 2022

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been applied to estimate forest wood volume based on detailed 3D tree reconstructions from point cloud data. However, sources of uncertainties in the point cloud data (alignment and scattering errors, occlusion, foliage...) and the reconstruction algorithm type and parameterisation are known to affect the reconstruction, especially around finer branches. To better understand the impacts of these uncertainties on the accuracy of TLS-derived woody volume, high-quality TLS scans were collected in leaf-off conditions prior to destructive harvesting of two forest-grown common ash trees ( L.; diameter at breast height ~28 cm, woody volume of 732 and 868 L). We manually measured branch diameters at 265 locations in these trees. Estimates of branch diameters and tree volume from Quantitative Structure Models (QSM) were compared with these manual measurements. The accuracy of QSM branch diameter estimates decreased with smaller branch diameters. Tree woody volume was overestimated (+336 L and +392 L) in both trees. Branches measuring < 5 cm in diameter accounted for 80% and 83% of this overestimation respectively. Filtering for scattering errors or improved coregistration approximately halved the overestimation. Range filtering and modified scanning layouts had mixed effects. The small branch overestimations originated primarily in limitations in scanner characteristics and coregistration errors rather than suboptimal QSM parameterisation. For TLS-derived estimates of tree volume, a higher quality point cloud allows smaller branches to be accurately reconstructed. Additional experiments need to elucidate if these results can be generalised beyond the setup of this study.Fraxinus excelsior
Adversidades, disputas e gargalos na difusão de computadores no Brasil: A inserção da Administração Pública e do setor privado na constituição de um mercado brasileiro de tecnologia da informação. (1957 - 1964).
Authors: Pereira Lucas de Almeida , Marinho Maria Gabriela da Silva Martins Cunha 
Published: January 2022

A crescente informatização das sociedades contemporâneas tem sido objeto de análises que contemplam dimensões tecnológicas, econômicas, políticas, filosóficas, cognitivas, entre outros aspectos. Contudo, no caso brasileiro, um traço ainda negligenciado desse processo é o que se refere à sua perspectiva histórica, especialmente no que tange às interações entre os setores público e privado, seja em termos da aquisição, instalação e manutenção de maquinário, sejam na dimensão desses atores como usuários, ou até mesmo as condições gerais de infraestrutura física do país. O artigo propõe uma análise em torno das condições históricas que assistiram, no começo da década de 1960, a inserção crescente do Brasil no mercado da tecnologia da informação. Nesse sentido, aponta para a diversidade de atores, públicos e privados, que atuaram em diferentes nichos e níveis de disputa, resultando em um processo de múltiplas variáveis.