bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trajectories of Well-Being of Middle-Aged and older Adults: A Multidimensional and Multidirectional Perspective
Authors: Wettstein Markus , Wahl Hans-Werner , Schlomann Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in profound changes of individuals’ everyday lives. Restrictions in social contacts and in leisure activities and the threatening situation of a spreading virus might have resulted in compromised well-being. At the same time, the pandemic could have promoted specific aspects of psychosocial well-being, e.g., due to intensified relationships with close persons during lockdown periods. We investigated this potentially multidimensional and multi-directional pattern of pandemic-specific change in well-being by analyzing changes over up to 8 years (2012-2020) in two broad well-being domains, hedonic well-being (life satisfaction) and eudaimonic well-being (one overarching eudaimonic well-being indicator as well as environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, and self-acceptance), among 423 adults who were aged 40-98 years in 2012. By modelling longitudinal multilevel regression models and allowing for a measurement-specific intra-individual deviation component from the general slope in 2020, i.e. after the pandemic outbreak, we analyzed potential normative history-graded changes due to the pandemic. All mean-level history-graded changes were nonsignificant, but most revealed substantial interindividual variability, indicating that individuals’ pandemic-related well-being changes were remarkably heterogeneous. Only for personal growth and self-acceptance, adding a pandemic-related change component (and interindividual variability thereof) did not result in a better model fit. Individuals with poorer self-rated health at baseline in 2012 revealed a pandemic-related change toward lower life satisfaction. Our findings suggest that not all well-being domains - and not all individuals - are equally prone to “COVID-19 effects”, and even pandemic-associated gains were observed for some individuals in certain well-being domains.
Correction to: Marked Gibbs Point Processes with Unbounded Interaction: An Existence Result
Authors: Rœlly Sylvie , Zass Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe correct here a mistake in the original paper. In particular, we add a term to the form of the interaction range. The addition of this term does not change the proof technique: while the proof was already correct, the specific form did not allow for the examples we want to consider. We also fix an issue where the interaction considered in Sect. 4 did not satisfy the local stability assumption.
The role of testosterone in male sexual function
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Maggi Mario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSexual function, and testosterone (T) levels, progressively decline in aging men. Associated morbidities and metabolic disorders can accelerate the phenomenon. The specific contribution of low T to sexual function impairment in aging men has still not been completely clarified. Similarly, the role of T replacement therapy (TRT), as well as the combination of TRT with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), is still conflicting. Here we aim to summarize and critically discuss all available data supporting the contribution of low T to sexual impairment observed with aging as well as the possible role of TRT. Available data on men with sexual dysfunction show that reduced sexual desire is the most important correlate of male hypogonadism. Conversely, aging and associated morbidities substantially attenuate the relationship between ED and T. TRT is effective in improving sexual function in middle-aged and older subjects but its role is small and extremely variable. Lifestyle interventions can result in similar outcomes to those of TRT. In conclusion, it is our opinion that PDE5i along with lifestyle measures should be considered the first approach for treating ED even in subjects with milder T deficiency. When these interventions fail or are difficult to apply, TRT should be considered.
Turbulence in the Outer Heliosphere
Authors: Fraternale Federico , Adhikari Laxman , Fichtner Horst , Kim Tae K. , Kleimann Jens , Oughton Sean , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Roytershteyn Vadim , Smith Charles W. , Usmanov Arcadi V. , Zank Gary P. , Zhao Lingling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe solar wind (SW) and local interstellar medium (LISM) are turbulent media. Their interaction is governed by complex physical processes and creates heliospheric regions with significantly different properties in terms of particle populations, bulk flow and turbulence. Our knowledge of the solar wind turbulence nature and dynamics mostly relies on near-Earth and near-Sun observations, and has been increasingly improving in recent years due to the availability of a wealth of space missions, including multi-spacecraft missions. In contrast, the properties of turbulence in the outer heliosphere are still not completely understood. In situ observations byVoyagerandNew Horizons, and remote neutral atom measurements byIBEXstrongly suggest that turbulence is one of the critical processes acting at the heliospheric interface. It is intimately connected to charge exchange processes responsible for the production of suprathermal ions and energetic neutral atoms. This paper reviews the observational evidence of turbulence in the distant SW and in the LISM, advances in modeling efforts, and open challenges.
Nichts ist praktischer als eine gute Theorie – Wenn Theorien praktisch werden
Authors: Jonas Eva , Zerle Georg , Mühlberger Christina , Hansen Jochim 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungTheorien reduzieren die Komplexität der Wirklichkeit und können dadurch für Berater:innen als wichtige Orientierung für ihr praktisches Handeln dienen. Dies wird anhand von drei Theorien aus der Motivations- bzw. Sozialpsychologie illustriert, die für das Verständnis des Prozesses der Zielverfolgung im Coaching, zur Gestaltung der Beziehung zwischen Coach und Coachee und zur Unterstützung der Selbststeuerungskompetenzen des Coachees hilfreich sein können. Wichtig ist dabei eine evidenzorientierte Anwendung von Theorien und eine Offenheit im Beratungsprozess. Parallelen zwischen Forschungs- und Beratungsprozessen werden diskutiert.
How context affects transdisciplinary research: insights from Asia, Africa and Latin America
Authors: Schneider Flurina , Llanque-Zonta Aymara , Andriamihaja Onintsoa Ravaka , Andriatsitohaina R. Ntsiva N. , Tun Aung Myin , Boniface Kiteme , Jacobi Johanna , Celio Enrico , Diebold Clara Léonie , Patrick Laby , Latthachack Phokham , Llopis Jorge Claudio , Lundsgaard-Hansen Lara , Messerli Peter , Mukhovi Stellah , Tun Nwe Nwe , Rabemananjara Zo Hasina , Ramamonjisoa Bruno Salomon , Thongmanivong Sithong , Vongvisouk Thoumthone , Thongphanh Daovorn , Myint Win , Zaehringer Julie Gwendolin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransdisciplinary research (TDR) has been developed to generate knowledge that effectively fosters the capabilities of various societal actors to realize sustainability transformations. The development of TDR theories, principles, and methods has been largely governed by researchers from the global North and has reflected their contextual conditions. To enable more context-sensitive TDR framing, we sought to identify which contextual characteristics affect the design and implementation of TDR in six case studies in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, and what this means for TDR as a scientific approach. To this end, we distinguished four TDR process elements and identified several associated context dimensions that appeared to influence them. Our analysis showed that contextual characteristics prevalent in many Southern research sites—such as highly volatile socio-political situations and relatively weak support infrastructure—can make TDR a challenging endeavour. However, we also observed a high degree of variation in the contextual characteristics of our sites in the global South, including regarding group deliberation, research freedom, and dominant perceptions of the appropriate relationship between science, society, and policy. We argue that TDR in these contexts requires pragmatic adaptations as well as more fundamental reflection on underlying epistemological concepts around what it means to conduct “good science”, as certain contextual characteristics may influence core epistemological values of TDR.
VEGF-A promotes the motility of human melanoma cells through the VEGFR1–PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Koizumi Koichi , Shintani Tomoaki , Hayashido Yasutaka , Hamada Atsuko , Higaki Mirai , Yoshioka Yukio , Sakamoto Akihiko , Yanamoto Souichi , Okamoto Tetsuji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its receptors (VEGFR1 and R2) play important roles in the progression of malignant melanoma through tumor angiogenesis. However, it is not clear whether the VEGF-A/VEGFR1 signaling pathway is involved in the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells. Thus, the effect of VEGF-A on cell migration was investigated in human melanoma cell lines. Of several splicing variants of VEGF-A, VEGF165 is the most abundant and responsible for VEGF-A biological potency. VEGF165 facilitated the migration of melanoma cells in both a chemotactic and chemokinetic manner, but cell proliferation was not affected by VEGF165. VEGF165 also induced the phosphorylation of Akt. In addition, VEGF165-induced cell migration was inhibited significantly by VEGFR1/2 or a VEGFR1-neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, the downregulation of VEGFR1 via the transfection of VEGFR1-targeting antisense oligonucleotides suppressed VEGF165-induced cell migration. Moreover, wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) in the PI3K/Akt pathway, suppressed VEGF165-induced Akt phosphorylation and VEGF165-induced cell migration. These findings suggest that the motility of melanoma cells is regulated by signals mediated through the PI3K/Akt kinase pathway with the activation of VEGFR1 tyrosine kinase by VEGF165. Thus, the downregulation of signaling via VEGF-A/VEGFR1 might be an effective therapeutic approach that could prevent the progression of malignant melanoma.
A Comparative Analysis of the Definitions of Autonomous Weapons Systems
Authors: Taddeo Mariarosaria , Blanchard Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this report we focus on the definition of autonomous weapons systems (AWS). We provide a comparative analysis of existing official definitions of AWS as provided by States and international organisations, like ICRC and NATO. The analysis highlights that the definitions draw focus on different aspects of AWS and hence lead to different approaches to address the ethical and legal problems of these weapons systems. This approach is detrimental both in terms of fostering an understanding of AWS and in facilitating agreement around conditions of deployment and regulations of their use and, indeed, whether AWS are to be used at all. We draw from the comparative analysis to identify essential aspects of AWS and then offer a definition that provides a value-neutral ground to address the relevant ethical and legal problems. In particular, we identify four key aspects—autonomy; adapting capabilities of AWS; human control; and purpose of use—as the essential factors to define AWS and which are key when considering the related ethical and legal implications.
Explicit and Implicit Emotion Processing in the Cerebellum: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Pierce Jordan E. , Thomasson Marine , Voruz Philippe , Selosse Garance , Péron Julie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The cerebellum’s role in affective processing is increasingly recognized in the literature, but remains poorly understood, despite abundant clinical evidence for affective disruptions following cerebellar damage. To improve the characterization of emotion processing and investigate how attention allocation impacts this processing, we conducted a meta-analysis on task activation foci using GingerALE software. Eighty human neuroimaging studies of emotion including 2761 participants identified through Web of Science and ProQuest databases were analyzed collectively and then divided into two categories based on the focus of attention during the task: explicit or implicit emotion processing. The results examining the explicit emotion tasks identified clusters within the posterior cerebellar hemispheres (bilateral lobule VI/Crus I/II), the vermis, and left lobule V/VI that were likely to be activated across studies, while implicit tasks activated clusters including bilateral lobules VI/Crus I/II, right Crus II/lobule VIII, anterior lobule VI, and lobules I-IV/V. A direct comparison between these categories revealed five overlapping clusters in right lobules VI/Crus I/Crus II and left lobules V/VI/Crus I of the cerebellum common to both the explicit and implicit task contrasts. There were also three clusters activated significantly more for explicit emotion tasks compared to implicit tasks (right lobule VI, left lobule VI/vermis), and one cluster activated more for implicit than explicit tasks (left lobule VI). These findings support previous studies indicating affective processing activates both the lateral hemispheric lobules and the vermis of the cerebellum. The common and distinct activation of posterior cerebellar regions by tasks with explicit and implicit attention demonstrates the supportive role of this structure in recognizing, appraising, and reacting to emotional stimuli.
Burning, dumping, and site use during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic at Hohle Fels Cave, SW Germany
Authors: Marcazzan Diana , Miller Christopher E. , Conard Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDumped deposits are a valuable source of information for inferring past behaviour. They provide insights into site maintenance, social organization and settlement dynamics. Hohle Fels Cave in SW Germany offers a unique opportunity to investigate the importance of dumping and site maintenance during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic of the Swabian Jura. In this paper, we analyse anthropogenic deposits at Hohle Fels employing micromorphology and fabric analysis in order to reconstruct their formation and understand the human behaviours behind their accumulation. Our study indicates that dumping residues from combustion features in the interior of Hohle Fels Cave has a long history extending back to Neanderthal occupation at the site during the Middle Palaeolithic. Despite some reworking via down-slope movement, most of the features demonstrate that the site’s inhabitants dumped burnt material, which was previously the fuel for domestic hearths, in specific locations within the cave. The intentionality of the action and the characteristics of the features provide important information for reconstructing the mode and spatial organization of occupations at the site. The combustion features from the Middle Palaeolithic allow us to reassess the hypothesis that Neanderthals’ use of the site was less intense and documented a lesser degree of spatial patterning than subsequent Upper Palaeolithic occupations. This research also provides insight for examining the regional variability of pyrotechnology and site maintenance during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic.
Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental controls on concentric talus evolution in the Central Ebro Basin (NE Spain)
Authors: Peña-Monné José Luis , Sampietro-Vattuone María Marta , Picazo-Millán Jesús V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe polyphasic evolution of the testimonial buttes in the central area of the Ebro basin (Los Monegros) is analysed. This is a semiarid area that favours high erosion rates. An evolutionary model of the Jubierre hills is presented that shows the environmental cycles represented by aggradational and degradative processes on the slopes that resulted in the present arrangement of talus flatiron rings. In the four studied cases, talus relicts are composed of detritic material from a disappeared caprock pediment. Four slope stages (S4 to S1) that formed under stable climate conditions are identified. Older stages (S4 and S3) are estimated by comparison with other talus flatirons in the region. The S2 stage contains Bronze Age archaeological remains and the radiocarbon age obtained was 1608–1446 years cal BC (2σ), while S1 is younger. A palaeoenvironmental interpretation was made for these aggradational stages (S4 to S1). The active erosion of these hills led to a relief inversion, and talus flatirons remain as the only features revealing the presence of the relict hills and past human occupations.
Irisin improves adiposity and exercise tolerance in a rat model of postmenopausal obesity through enhancing adipo-myocyte thermogenesis
Authors: Gheit Rehab E. Abo El , Younis Reham L. , El-Saka Mervat H. , Emam Marwa N. , Soliman Nema A. , El-Sayed Rehab M. , Hafez Yasser Mostafa , AbuoHashish Norhan Ahmed , Radwan Doaa A. , khaled Howayda E. , Kamel Samar , Zaitone Sawsan A. , Badawi Ghada A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, along with their healthcare costs, is rising exponentially. Irisin, an adipomyokine, may serve as a critical cross-organ messenger, linking skeletal muscle with adipose tissue and the liver to integrate the energy homeostasis under diet-induced obesity. We aimed to explore the putative role of irisin in the protection against obesity in a postmenopausal rat model by modulating energy expenditure (EE). Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed. After 3 weeks of recovery, the OVX rats were classified according to their dietary protocol into rats maintained on normal diets (ND) (OVX) or high-fat diet (HFD) groups. The HFD-fed animals were equally divided into OVX/HFD, or irisin-treated OVX/HFD groups. Sham rats, maintained on ND, were selected as the control group. We evaluated anthropometric, EE, and molecular biomarkers of browning and thermogenesis in inguinal white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and the activity of the proteins related to mitochondrial long chain fatty acid transport, oxidation, and glycolysis. HFD of OVX further deteriorated the disturbed glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and the reduced irisin, thermogenic parameters in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and EE. Irisin treatment improved the lipid profile and insulin resistance. That was associated with reduced hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities and restored hepatic glycogen content. Irisin reduced ectopic lipid infiltration. Irisin augmented EE by activating non-shivering thermogenesis in muscle and adipose tissues and decreasing metabolic efficiency. Our experimental evidence suggests irisin’s use as a potential thermogenic agent, therapeutically targeting obesity in postmenopausal patients.
Graphical abstract
Irisin modulates the non-shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in postmenopausal model
“She Just Saw Me - She Didn’t Teach Me”: the perspectives of Australian Sudanese and South Sudanese youth on the student/teacher relationship in Australian schools
Authors: Macaulay Luke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent times, young people from Australian Sudanese and South Sudanese communities have received considerable negative racialised public and political attention. This publicity has the potential to negatively shape the perspectives of other Australians, which in turn can have adverse consequences for these youth in terms of their social experiences. Against the backdrop of hegemonically ‘white’ Australian school contexts, pre-determined negative perspectives have the potential to undermine social experiences, relationships, and the overall educational inclusion of these students. This qualitative study places the voices of the participants at the centre of the research to better understand Australian Sudanese and South Sudanese youths’ perspectives on their relationships with schoolteachers. A voice-centred relational methodology (VCRM) approach was used to analyse data and to present the findings of the study. The findings suggest that student/teacher relationships as experienced by Australian Sudanese/South Sudanese youth are, for the most part, negative. It was reported that these youth experience low academic expectations from their teachers and are held to disproportionately high levels of disciplinary accountability. In many instances these findings were linked by participants to forms of racial discrimination, which have the potential to impede their educational belonging.
The changing rationalities of Australian federal and national inclusive education policies
Authors: Nevill Thom , Savage Glenn. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIdeas and practices associated with inclusive education have featured prominently in the policies and reforms of successive Australian federal governments since the 1990s, yet there are limited historical analyses of these developments. This paper analyses federal and national inclusive education policies in Australia spanning from 1992 to the present. Drawing upon the concept of ‘political rationality’, the paper examines how the modes of reason underpinning inclusive education policies have evolved over time. Three distinct phases of policy development are identified, which we suggest are characterised by three dominant rationalities: (1) standardisation, (2) the neo-social and (3) personalisation. We argue that examining these rationalities reveals fundamental shifts in ways of thinking about and reasoning inclusive education in policy. We conclude by considering the implications of the different rationalities and single out the potential tensions emerging between rationalities of standardisation and personalisation as an area for future investigation.
The genesis of the teacher habitus—a longitudinal study with Swiss primary teacher students
Authors: Košinár Julia , Laros Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe teacher habitus concept offers a theoretical figure for the classification and interpretation of professionalization processes—especially from a vocational-biographical perspective. Milieu of origin and school biography are important for the genesis of the teacher’s habitus, since images of school life are already created in them, which are relevant for later professional action in the form of implicit orientations and explicit ideas. In the article, interview data from a longitudinal survey (3t) of primary teacher-students (N = 24), which were analyzed using the documentary method, are related to this concept. It turns out that the school biography is used as an argument for the choice of study, and frames the experience in the first internship. In the further course of the study, the professional requirements are increasingly classified against the background of one’s own skills and their concepts of the teaching profession. It can be seen, that students deal with requirements and arising crises and address their practice teacher in a very diverse way. Types of students and their habitus were identified at each time of the survey. For t2 (end of 2nd year) these were distinguished as: delimitation, extension, development, exploration and probation. On the basis of two contrastive case analyzes of the types “extension” and “development” it is shown how important one’s own school experience is and how differently the genesis of a teacher’s habitus takes place. The results illustrate the relevance of a (school) biographical reflection that should be given space to enable future teachers to access their implicit, action-guiding orientations and to make their own student habitus accessible to reflection.