bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty for bilateral obturator hernias and left inguinal hernia with emaciation caused by anorexia nervosa: A case report
Authors: Uehara Hiroaki , Kameyama Hitoshi , Iwaya Akira , Yamazaki Toshiyuki , Ishii Shota , Tomizawa Gen , Takamatsu Yuki , Gohda Yousuke , Enoki Yuya , Sudo Natsuru , Katada Tomohiro , Kobayashi Kazuaki , Sato Daisuke , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Kuwabara Shirou , Otani Tetsuya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 55‐year‐old woman receiving treatment for anorexia nervosa presented with abdominal pain and right thigh pain. Her body mass index was 12.9 kg/m2. Computed tomography showed fluid storage in the distal side of the right obturator foramen and revealed a dilated small bowel without a starting point of obstruction. We diagnosed a naturally reduced incarcerated right obturator hernia and performed elective surgery with a laparoscopic approach for hernia repair the next day. Intraperitoneal observation revealed bilateral obturator hernias and a left direct‐type inguinal hernia. Transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty was performed using two self‐gripping polyester meshes for bilateral obturator hernia repair and a lightweight 3D‐shaped mesh for left inguinal hernia repair. Women with emaciation caused by anorexia nervosa may be more likely to have complex hernias, including obturator hernia, and laparoscopic approaches may be useful for preoperatively diagnosed nonstrangulated obturator hernias.
Healing complications and their detrimental effects on bone gain in vertical‐guided bone regeneration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tay John Rong Hao , Ng Ethan , Lu Xiaotong Jacinta , Lai Wei Ming Clement 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeGuided bone regeneration (GBR) utilizes a barrier membrane to allow osteogenic cells to populate a space by excluding epithelial and connective tissue cells. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the ratio of means (RoM) of vertical bone gained (Outcome) in vertical GBR procedures with healing complications (Intervention) and in vertical GBR procedures without healing complications (Comparison) in patients with vertically resorbed edentulous ridges that require dental implant placement (Population). A further aim was to investigate the incidence of complications after vertical GBR, and the influence of the timing of implant placement and regenerative devices on complications.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched in duplicate up to, and including, November 2020 for randomized and controlled clinical trials and prospective and retrospective case series. Outcomes included patient‐level and site‐level RoM of vertical bone gain between healing complications and uneventful healing, and incidences of complications that occurred after vertical GBR. Random‐effects and fixed‐effects meta‐analyses were performed where appropriate. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021226432).ResultsA total of 31 publications were selected for the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The RoM of vertical bone gained was 0.65 [95% CI = 0.47, 0.91] and 0.62 [95% CI = 0.45, 0.85] when membrane exposure without suppuration and abscess formation without membrane exposure occurred respectively, in comparison to uneventful healing. The overall incidence proportion of healing complications occurring at the augmented site at a site‐ and patient‐level was 11.0% [95% CI = 7.0, 15.6] and 10.8% [95% CI = 6.6, 15.7]. At a patient‐level, there were no significant differences between a simultaneous or staged approach, or with the regenerative device used. The site‐level incidence proportion of membrane exposure without suppuration, membrane exposure with suppuration, and with abscess formation without membrane exposure was 8.7% [95% CI = 4.2, 14.2], 0.7% [95% CI = 0.0, 2.9], and 0.5% [95% CI = 0.0, 1.7], respectively. The site‐level weighted mean incidence proportion of neurologic complications occurring at the donor site was 0.8% [95% CI = 0.0, 5.3].ConclusionsThere is a significant reduction in bone gain when healing complications occur. However, healing complications are relatively uncommon surgical complications after vertical GBR.
Coccolith Sr/Ca is a robust temperature and growth rate indicator that withstands dynamic microbial interactions
Authors: Eliason Or , Segev Einat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoccolithophores are a diverse group of calcifying microalgae that have left a prominent fossil record on Earth. Various coccolithophore relics, both organic and inorganic, serve as proxies for reconstruction of past oceanic conditions. Emiliania huxleyi is the most widely distributed representative of the coccolithophores in modern oceans and is known to engage in dynamic interactions with bacteria. Algal–bacterial interactions influence various aspects of algal physiology and alter algal alkenone unsaturation (UK’37), a frequently used organic coccolithophore‐derived paleo‐temperature proxy. Whether algal–bacterial interactions influence inorganic coccolithophore‐derived paleo‐proxies is yet unknown. A commonly used inorganic proxy for past productivity and sea surface temperature is the Sr/Ca ratio of the coccolith calcite. Interestingly, during interactions between bacteria and a population of calcifying algae, bacteria were shown to physically attach only to non‐calcified algal cells, suggesting an influence on algal calcification. In this study, we explore the effects of algal–bacterial interactions on calcification and coccolith Sr/Ca ratios. We find that while bacteria attach only to non‐calcified algal cells, coccolith cell coverage and overall calcite production in algal populations with and without bacteria is similar. Furthermore, we find that Sr/Ca values are impacted only by water temperature and algal growth rate, regardless of bacterial influences on algal physiology. Our observations reinforce the robustness of coccolith Sr/Ca ratios as a paleo‐proxy independent of microbial interactions and highlight a fundamental difference between organic and inorganic paleo‐proxies.
Comparison of ablation index versus time‐guided radiofrequency energy dosing using normal and half‐normal saline irrigation in a porcine left ventricular model
Authors: Larsen Timothy , Du‐Fay‐de‐Lavallaz Jeanne M. , Winterfield Jeffrey R. , Ravi Venkatesh , Rhodes Paul , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Trohman Richard G. , Sharma Parikshit S. , Huang Henry D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAblation Index (AI) is a multiparametric quality marker to assess the durability of radiofrequency (RF) lesions. The comparative effectiveness and safety of AI versus time‐based energy dosing for ablation of ventricular arrhythmias are unknown.ObjectiveWe compared AI and time‐based RF dosing strategies in the left ventricles (LVs) of freshly harvested porcine hearts.MethodsAblation was performed in vitro with an open‐irrigated ablation catheter (Thermocool ST/SF), 40 W, contact force 10–15 g. Tissue samples were stained in triphenyltetrazolium chloride for the measurement of lesion dimensions.ResultsA total of 560 lesions were performed (AI‐group: [n = 360]; time‐group: [n = 200]). Using normal saline (NS) (n = 280), growth in lesion depth slowed after 30 s and AI > 550 in comparison to width, volume, and magnitude of impedance drops which continued to increase with longer RF duration. Risk of steam pop (SP) was higher for RF > 30 s (RF < 30 s:1 SP [2.5%] vs. RF > 30 s: 15 SP [25%]; p = .002) or AI targets >550 (AI: 350–550: 2 SP [2%] vs. AI 600–750: 15 SP [19%]; p = .001). Using half‐normal saline (HNS) (n = 280), lesion dimension and impedance drops were larger and growth in lesion depth slowed earlier (AI: 500). Risk of SPs was higher above AI 550 (AI: 350–550: 7 [7%] SPs vs. AI 600–750: 28 [35%] SPs; p < .00001). While codependent variables, correlation between AI and time was modest‐to‐strong but decreased with longer RF duration.ConclusionIn this ex vivo study, AI was a better predictor of lesion dimensions than ablation time and magnitude of impedance drop in the LV using NS and HNS irrigation. AI targets above 550 led to a higher risk of SPs. Future trials are required to verify these findings.
A non‐native C‐terminal extension of the β’ subunit compromises RNA polymerase and Rho functions
Authors: Mittermeier Maura , Wang Bing , Said Nelly , Gjorgjevikj Daniela , Wahl Markus C. , Artsimovitch Irina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Escherichia coli RfaH abrogates Rho‐mediated polarity in lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis operons, and ΔrfaH cells are hypersensitive to antibiotics, bile salts, and detergents. Selection for rfaH suppressors that restore growth on SDS identified a temperature‐sensitive mutant in which 46 C‐terminal residues of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) β’ subunit are replaced with 23 residues carrying a net positive charge. Based on similarity to rpoC397, which confers a temperature‐sensitive phenotype and resistance to bacteriophages, we named this mutant rpoC397*. We show that SDS resistance depends on a single nonpolar residue within the C397* tail, whereas basic residues are dispensable. In line with its mimicry of RfaH, C397* RNAP is resistant to Rho but responds to pause signals, NusA, and NusG in vitro similarly to the wild‐type enzyme and binds to Rho and Nus factors in vivo. Strikingly, the deletion of rpoZ, which encodes the ω “chaperone” subunit, restores rpoC397* growth at 42°C but has no effect on SDS sensitivity. Our results suggest that the C397* tail traps the ω subunit in an inhibitory state through direct contacts and hinders Rho‐dependent termination through long‐range interactions. We propose that the dynamic and hypervariable β’•ω module controls RNA synthesis in response to niche‐specific signals.
Assessing effectiveness and side effects of likely “seal safe” pinger sounds to ward off endangered franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei)
Authors: Paitach Renan L. , Amundin Mats , Königson Sara , Cremer Marta J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is the most endangered dolphin in the western South Atlantic Ocean due to bycatch. Our goal was to test the efficiency of a likely “seal safe” pinger (Banana Pinger, Fishtek Marine Ltd.) to ward off franciscanas, as well as investigating possible side effects of habituation and habitat exclusion. We deployed the pinger within a grid of click detectors (C‐POD, Chelonia Ltd.) in Babitonga Bay, southern Brazil, and the narrow band high frequency sonar click trains were used as a proxy for presence of the franciscanas and response to the pinger. The presence of franciscanas next to the pinger and at 100 m away decreased by 19.4% and 15.4%, respectively, when the pinger was switched on, indicating that the franciscanas avoided the area of the pinger. This avoidance response could not be seen at 400 m away. No habituation effect was noted at any distance. There was a slight gradual decrease in detections over the course of the study at all distances, which is probably related to seasonal variation in the population's habitat use, but this requires attention in future studies. The likely “seal safe” pinger sounds effectively warded off franciscanas and thus has the potential to reduce bycatch.
La configuración de los riesgos en el seguro marítimo
Authors: Berti de Marinis Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo analiza las peculiaridades que surgen en la normativa sectorial específica relativa al seguro marítimo en cuanto a la identificación de los riesgos asegurados. De forma preliminar, se examinan las diferencias que se pueden encontrar entre las reglas generales del contrato de seguro contenidas en el código civil italiano y las expresamente dedicadas al seguro marítimo contenidas en el código de navegación.
La atención se centra, pues, en las cuestiones relativas a la posibilidad de asegurar riesgos putativos y de dar un carácter retroactivo al seguro marítimo. Distinguiendo, entonces, el seguro de buques del seguro de mercancías, se analizan las disposiciones específicas que regulan el tiempo de duración de la cobertura del seguro en cuestión con el fin de verificar en que circunstancias el siniestro está cubierto por la póliza. Finalmente, se examinan las cuestiones relativas al impacto en el contrato de seguro marítimo de eventos que modifiquen el riesgo asegurado.
Leisure-Time and Transport-Related Physical Activity and the Risk of Mortality: The CRONICAS Cohort Study
Authors: Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Gilman Robert H. , Smeeth Liam , Checkley William , Miranda J. Jaime 
Published: January 2022

Background: The long-term health association of the leisure-time and transport-related physical activity domains of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire have not been established in Latin American settings. The authors aimed to quantify the 7-year all-cause mortality risk associated with levels of leisure-time and transport-related physical activity. Methods: Ongoing prospective cohort study conducted in 4 sites in Peru. People ≥35 years were randomly selected from the general population in each study site. The exposures were leisure-time and transport-related physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) at baseline. The outcome was all-cause mortality based on information retrieved from national records. Cox regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: There were 3601 people (mean age 55.8 y, 51.5% women). Greater levels of physical activity were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, an observation confirmed in sensitivity analyses. Compared with those with low levels of physical activity, leisure-time (≥500 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week) and transport-related (500–1499 and ≥1500 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week) physical activity were associated with 70% (95% confidence interval, 3%–90%), 43% (95% confidence interval, 18%–61%), and 42% (95% confidence interval, 8%–63%) lower all-cause mortality, respectively. Conclusions: Greater levels of leisure-time and transport-related physical activity were associated with a strong reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality across different geographical sites.
Findings from the development and implementation of a novel course consisting of both group and individual Alexander Technique lessons for low back pain
Authors: Little Joseph , Geraghty Adam W A , Nicholls Carolyn , Little Paul 
Published: January 2022

Objectives(1) To develop a mixed course of individual and group lessons in the Alexander Technique (AT) for low back pain, and (2) to explore its: (a) effectiveness and (b) acceptability to both participant AT teachers and patients.DesignSingle-centre study, mixed methods.SettingMembers of the public in the Brighton area (community recruitment), and patients from six Hampshire General Practices (GP) (National Health Service (NHS) recruitment).ParticipantsPeople with chronic or recurrent low back pain; AT teachers.InterventionsIterative development and implementation of a 10-lesson (6 group, 4 individual) AT course.Outcome measuresPerceptions from semistructured interviews analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Descriptive analysis of RMDQ (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) over 12 weeks.ResultsThirty-nine participants with low back pain were included and 32 AT teachers were interviewed, 7 of whom taught on the course. Some participants had reservations, preferring only individual lessons, but the majority found the sharing of experience and learning in groups helpful. There was also concern regarding group teaching among some AT teachers, but most also found it acceptable. By 12 weeks, RMDQ score among participants fell from 10.38 to 4.39, a change of −5.99. 29 of 39 (74%) participants had a clinically important reduction in RMDQ score of 2.5 or more.ConclusionSome patients and practitioners had reservations about group AT lessons, but most found groups helpful. Further development is needed, but the course of individual and group lessons has the potential to cost-effectively deliver clinically important benefits to patients with back pain, who are known to improve little and slowly.
Unpacking the behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions in the TOPCHILD Collaboration: a systematic review and intervention coding protocol
Authors: Johnson Brittany J , Hunter Kylie E , Golley Rebecca K , Chadwick Paul , Barba Angie , Aberoumand Mason , Libesman Sol , Askie Lisa , Taylor Rachael W , Robledo Kristy P , Mihrshahi Seema , O'Connor Denise A , Hayes Alison J , Wolfenden Luke , Wood Charles T , Baur Louise A , Rissel Chris , Staub Lukas P , Taki Sarah , Smith Wendy , Sue-See Michelle , Marschner Ian C , Espinoza David , Thomson Jessica L , Larsen Junilla K , Verbestel Vera , Odar Stough Cathleen , Salvy Sarah-Jeanne , O'Reilly Sharleen L , Karssen Levie T , Rasmussen Finn E , Messito Mary Jo , Gross Rachel S , Bryant Maria , Paul Ian M , Wen Li Ming , Hesketh Kylie D , González Acero Carolina , Campbell Karen , Øverby Nina Cecilie , Linares Ana M , Wasser Heather M , Joshipura Kaumudi J , Palacios Cristina , Maffeis Claudio , Thompson Amanda L , Ghaderi Ata , Lakshman Rajalakshmi , Banna Jinan C , Oken Emily , Campos Rivera Maribel , Pérez-Expósito Ana B , Taylor Barry J , Savage Jennifer S , Røed Margrethe , Goran Michael , de la Haye Kayla , Anzman-Frasca Stephanie , Seidler Anna Lene 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionLittle is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to (1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), (2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and (3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity.Methods and analysisAnnual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, as well as clinical trial registries. Eligible randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions to prevent childhood obesity commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth will be invited to join the Transforming Obesity in CHILDren Collaboration. Standard ontologies will be used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials provided by trialists. Narrative syntheses will be performed to summarise intervention components and compare applied BCTs by types of target behaviours. Exploratory analyses will be undertaken to assess effectiveness of intervention components.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (project no. 2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (project no. HREC CIA2133-1). The study’s findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and targeted communication with key stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177408.
How defensive medicine is defined in European medical literature: a systematic review
Authors: Baungaard Nathalie , Skovvang Pia Ladeby , Assing Hvidt Elisabeth , Gerbild Helle , Kirstine Andersen Merethe , Lykkegaard Jesper 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesDefensive medicine has originally been defined as motivated by fear of malpractice litigation. However, the term is frequently used in Europe where most countries have a no-fault malpractice system. The objectives of this systematic review were to explore the definition of the term ‘defensive medicine’ in European original medical literature and to identify the motives stated therein.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and Cochrane, 3 February 2020, with an updated search on 6 March 2021.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we reviewed all European original peer-reviewed studies fully or partially investigating ‘defensive medicine’.ResultsWe identified a total of 50 studies. First, we divided these into two categories: the first category consisting of studies defining defensive medicine by using a narrow definition and the second category comprising studies in which defensive medicine was defined using a broad definition. In 23 of the studies(46%), defensive medicine was defined narrowly as: health professionals’ deviation from sound medical practice motivated by a wish to reduce exposure to malpractice litigation. In 27 studies (54%), a broad definition was applied adding … or other self-protective motives. These self-protective motives, different from fear of malpractice litigation, were grouped into four categories: fear of patient dissatisfaction, fear of overlooking a severe diagnosis, fear of negative publicity and unconscious defensive medicine. Studies applying the narrow and broad definitions of defensive medicine did not differ regarding publication year, country, medical specialty, research quality or number of citations.ConclusionsIn European research, the narrow definition of defensive medicine as exclusively motivated by fear of litigation is often broadened to include other self-protective motives. In order to compare results pertaining to defensive medicine across countries, future studies are recommended to specify whether they are using the narrow or broad definition of defensive medicine.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020167215.