bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: flipping of the spin–filament alignment correlates most strongly with growth of the bulge
Authors: Barsanti Stefania , Colless Matthew , Welker Charlotte , Oh Sree , Casura Sarah , Bryant Julia J , Croom Scott M , D’Eugenio Francesco , Lawrence Jon S , Richards Samuel N , van de Sande Jesse 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the alignments of galaxy spin axes with respect to cosmic web filaments as a function of various properties of the galaxies and their constituent bulges and discs. We exploit the SAMI Galaxy Survey to identify 3D spin axes from spatially resolved stellar kinematics and to decompose the galaxy into the kinematic bulge and disc components. The GAMA survey is used to reconstruct the cosmic filaments. The mass of the bulge, defined as the product of stellar mass and bulge-to-total flux ratio Mbulge = M⋆ × (B/T), is the primary parameter of correlation with spin–filament alignments: galaxies with lower bulge masses tend to have their spins parallel to the closest filament, while galaxies with higher bulge masses are more perpendicularly aligned. M⋆ and B/T separately show correlations, but they do not fully unravel spin–filament alignments. Other galaxy properties, such as visual morphology, stellar age, star formation activity, kinematic parameters, and local environment, are secondary tracers. Focussing on S0 galaxies, we find preferentially perpendicular alignments, with the signal dominated by high-mass S0 galaxies. Studying bulge and disc spin–filament alignments separately reveals additional information about the formation pathways of the corresponding galaxies: bulges tend to have more perpendicular alignments, while discs show different tendencies according to their kinematic features and the mass of the associated bulge. The observed correlation between the flipping of spin–filament alignments and the growth of the bulge can be explained by mergers, which drive both alignment flips and bulge formation.
Properties of shocked dust grains in supernova remnants
Authors: Priestley F D , Chawner H , Barlow M J , De Looze I , Gomez H L , Matsuura M 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Shockwaves driven by supernovae both destroy dust and reprocess the surviving grains, greatly affecting the resulting dust properties of the interstellar medium (ISM). While these processes have been extensively studied theoretically, observational constraints are limited. We use physically motivated models of dust emission to fit the infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions of seven Galactic supernova remnants, allowing us to determine the distribution of dust mass between diffuse and dense gas phases, and between large and small grain sizes. We find that the dense ($\sim \! 10^3\ {\rm cm}^{-3}$), relatively cool ($\sim \! 10^3\ {\rm K}$) gas phase contains $\gt 90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the dust mass, making the warm dust located in the X-ray emitting plasma ($\sim \! 1\ {\rm cm}^{-3}$/$10^6\ {\rm K}$) a negligible fraction of the total, despite dominating the mid-IR emission. The ratio of small ($\lesssim\!{10}\ {\rm nm}$) to large ($\gtrsim \! 0.1\ {\rm \mu m}$) grains in the cold component is consistent with that in the ISM, and possibly even higher, whereas the hot phase is almost entirely devoid of small grains. This suggests that grain shattering, which processes large grains into smaller ones, is ineffective in the low-density gas, contrary to model predictions. Single-phase models of dust destruction in the ISM, which do not account for the existence of the cold swept-up material containing most of the dust mass, are likely to greatly overestimate the rate of dust destruction by supernovae.
Photometric redshifts for quasars from WISE-PS1-STRM
Authors: Kunsági-Máté Sándor , Beck Róbert , Szapudi István , Csabai István 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional wide-field galaxy surveys are fundamental for cosmological studies. For higher redshifts (z ≳ 1.0), where galaxies are too faint, quasars still trace the large-scale structure of the Universe. Since available telescope time limits spectroscopic surveys, photometric methods are efficient for estimating redshifts for many quasars. Recently, machine-learning methods are increasingly successful for quasar photometric redshifts, however, they hinge on the distribution of the training set. Therefore, a rigorous estimation of reliability is critical. We extracted optical and infrared photometric data from the cross-matched catalogue of the WISE All-Sky and PS1 3$\pi$ DR2 sky surveys. We trained an XGBoost regressor and an artificial neural network on the relation between colour indices and spectroscopic redshift. We approximated the effective training set coverage with the K-nearest neighbours algorithm. We estimated reliable photometric redshifts of 2 562 878 quasars which overlap with the training set in feature space. We validated the derived redshifts with an independent, clustering-based redshift estimation technique. The final catalogue is publicly available.
Towards 21-cm intensity mapping at z = 2.28 with uGMRT using the tapered gridded estimator I: Foreground avoidance
Authors: Pal Srijita , Elahi Kh Md Asif , Bharadwaj Somnath , Ali Sk Saiyad , Choudhuri Samir , Ghosh Abhik , Chakraborty Arnab , Datta Abhirup , Roy Nirupam , Choudhury Madhurima , Dutta Prasun 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The post-reionization (z ≤ 6) neutral hydrogen (H i) 21-cm intensity mapping signal holds the potential to probe the large-scale structures, study the expansion history, and constrain various cosmological parameters. Here, we apply the Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) to estimate P(k⊥, k∥) the power spectrum of the $z = 2.28\, (432.8\, {\rm MHz})$ redshifted 21-cm signal using a $24.4\, {\rm MHz}$ sub-band drawn from uGMRT Band 3 observations of European Large-Area ISO Survey-North 1 (ELAIS-N1). The TGE allows us to taper the sky response, which suppresses the foreground contribution from sources in the periphery of the telescope’s field of view. We apply the TGE on the measured visibility data to estimate the multifrequency angular power spectrum (MAPS) Cℓ(Δν) from which we determine P(k⊥, k∥) using maximum likelihood that naturally overcomes the issue of missing frequency channels (55 per cent here). The entire methodology is validated using simulations. For the data, using the foreground avoidance technique, we obtain a $2\, \sigma$ upper limit of $\Delta ^2(k) \le (133.97)^2 \, {\rm mK}^{2}$ for the 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuation at $k = 0.347 \, \textrm {Mpc}^{-1}$. This corresponds to $[\Omega _{\rm H\, {\small I}~}b_{\rm H\, {\small I}~}] \le 0.23$, where $\Omega _{\rm H\, {\small I}~}$ and $b_{\rm H\, {\small I}~}$, respectively, denote the cosmic H i mass density and the H i bias parameter. A previous work has analysed $8 \, {\rm MHz}$ of the same data at z = 2.19, and reported $\Delta ^{2}(k) \le (61.49)^{2} \, {\rm mK}^{2}$ and $[\Omega _{\rm H\, {\small I}~} b_{\rm H\, {\small I}~}] \le 0.11$ at $k=1 \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. The upper limits presented here are still orders of magnitude larger than the expected signal corresponding to $\Omega _{\rm H\, {\small I}~} \sim 10^{-3}$ and $b_{\rm H\, {\small I}~} \sim 2$.
UOCS –VIII. UV study of the open cluster NGC 2506 using ASTROSAT★
Authors: Panthi Anju , Vaidya Kaushar , Jadhav Vikrant , Rao Khushboo K , Subramaniam Annapurni , Agarwal Manan , Pandey Sindhu 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We study an intermediate-age open cluster (OC) NGC 2506 using the ASTROSAT/UVIT data and other archival data. We identified 2175 cluster members using a machine learning-based algorithm, ML–MOC, on Gaia EDR3 data. Among the cluster members detected in UVIT filters, F148W, F154W, and F169M, we detect nine blue straggler stars (BSS), three yellow straggler stars (YSS), and three red clump (RC) stars. We construct multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects to characterize them and to estimate their parameters. We discovered hot companions to three BSS, two YSS, and three RC candidates and estimated their properties. The hot companions with estimated temperatures, Teff ∼ 13250–31 000 K, are WDs of extremely low mass (ELM, ∼ 0.20 M⊙), low mass (LM, ∼ 0.20–0.40 M⊙), normal mass (∼ 0.40–0.60 M⊙), and high mass (∼ 0.8 M⊙). We suggest that systems with ELM and LM WDs as companions are formed via Case-A/Case-B mass transfer mechanism. A BSS is the likely progenitor of the high-mass WD, as a star with more than the turn-off mass of the cluster is needed to form a high-mass WD. Thus, systems with a high-mass WD are likely to be formed through merger in triple systems. We conclude that mass transfer as well as merger pathways of BSS formation are present in this cluster.
Birth of a Be star: an APOGEE search for Be stars forming through binary mass transfer
Authors: El-Badry Kareem , Conroy Charlie , Quataert Eliot , Rix Hans-Walter , Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Jayasinghe Tharindu , Thompson Todd , Cargile Phillip , Stassun Keivan G , Ilyin Ilya 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Motivated by recent suggestions that many Be stars form through binary mass transfer, we searched the APOGEE survey for Be stars with bloated, stripped companions. From a well-defined parent sample of 297 Be stars, we identified one mass-transfer binary, HD 15124. The object consists of a main-sequence Be star ($M_{\rm Be}=5.3\pm 0.6\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) with a low-mass ($M_{\rm donor}=0.92\pm 0.22\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$), subgiant companion on a 5.47-d orbit. The emission lines originate in an accretion disc caused by ongoing mass transfer, not from a decretion disc as in classical Be stars. Both stars have surface abundances bearing imprint of CNO processing in the donor’s core: the surface helium fraction is YHe ≈ 0.6, and the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio is 1000 times the solar value. The system’s properties are well-matched by binary evolution models in which mass transfer begins while a $3-5\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ donor leaves the main sequence, with the originally less massive component becoming the Be star. These models predict that the system will soon become a detached Be + stripped star binary like HR 6819 and LB-1, with the stripped donor eventually contracting to become a core helium-burning sdO/B star. Discovery of one object in this short-lived (∼1 Myr) evolutionary phase implies the existence of many more that have already passed through it and are now Be + sdO/B binaries. We infer that $(10-60)\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of Be stars have stripped companions, most of which are $\sim 100\, \times$ fainter than the Be stars in the optical. Together with the dearth of main-sequence companions to Be stars and recent discovery of numerous Be + sdO/B binaries in the UV, our results imply that binarity plays an important role in the formation of Be stars.
Signatures of Convergent Evolution and Natural Selection at the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Region are Correlated with Agriculture in Ethnically Diverse Africans
Authors: McQuillan Michael A , Ranciaro Alessia , Hansen Matthew E B , Fan Shaohua , Beggs William , Belay Gurja , Woldemeskel Dawit , Tishkoff Sarah A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family of genes encodes enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of ethanol into acetaldehyde. Nucleotide variation in ADH genes can affect the catalytic properties of these enzymes and is associated with a variety of traits, including alcoholism and cancer. Some ADH variants, including the ADH1B*48His (rs1229984) mutation in the ADH1B gene, reduce the risk of alcoholism and are under positive selection in multiple human populations. The advent of Neolithic agriculture and associated increase in fermented foods and beverages is hypothesized to have been a selective force acting on such variants. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in populations outside of Asia. Here, we use genome-wide selection scans to show that the ADH gene region is enriched for variants showing strong signals of positive selection in multiple Afroasiatic-speaking, agriculturalist populations from Ethiopia, and that this signal is unique among sub-Saharan Africans. We also observe strong selection signals at putatively functional variants in nearby lipid metabolism genes, which may influence evolutionary dynamics at the ADH region. Finally, we show that haplotypes carrying these selected variants were introduced into Northeast Africa from a West-Eurasian source within the last ∼2,000 years and experienced positive selection following admixture. These selection signals are not evident in nearby, genetically similar populations that practice hunting/gathering or pastoralist subsistence lifestyles, supporting the hypothesis that the emergence of agriculture shapes patterns of selection at ADH genes. Together, these results enhance our understanding of how adaptations to diverse environments and diets have influenced the African genomic landscape.
Comparative cisplatin reactivity towards human Zn7-metallothionein-2 and MTF-1 zinc fingers: potential implications in anticancer drug resistance
Authors: Bulathge Anjala W , Villones Rhiza Lyne E , Herbert Fabian C , Gassensmith Jeremiah J , Meloni Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) is a widely used metal-based chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of cancers. However, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance limit the efficacy of cisplatin-based treatments. Increased production of intracellular thiol-rich molecules, in particular metallothioneins (MTs), which form stable coordination complexes with the electrophilic cisplatin, results in cisplatin sequestration leading to pre-target resistance. MT-1/-2 are overexpressed in cancer cells, and their expression is controlled by the metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), featuring six Cys2His2-type zinc fingers which, upon zinc metalation, recognize specific MRE sequences in the promoter region of MT genes triggering their expression. Cisplatin can efficiently react with protein metal binding sites featuring nucleophilic cysteine and/or histidine residues, including MTs and zinc fingers proteins, but the preferential reactivity towards specific targets with competing binding sites cannot be easily predicted. In this work, by in vitro competition reactions, we investigated the thermodynamic and kinetic preferential reactivity of cisplatin towards human Zn7MT-2, each of the six MTF-1 zinc fingers, and the entire human MTF-1 zinc finger domain. By spectroscopic, spectrometric, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we demonstrated that cisplatin preferentially reacts with Zn7MT-2 to form Cys4-Pt(II) complexes, resulting in zinc release from MT-2. Zinc transfer from MT-2 to the MTF-1 triggers MTF-1 metalation, activation, and binding to target MRE sequences, as demonstrated by EMSA with DNA oligonucleotides. The cisplatin-dependent MT-mediated MTF-1 activation leading to apo-MT overexpression potentially establishes one of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and potentiation of MT-mediated pre-target resistance.
Directed evolution of colE1 plasmid replication compatibility: a fast tractable tunable model for investigating biological orthogonality
Authors: Chaillou Santiago , Stamou Pinelopi-Eleftheria , Torres Leticia L , Riesco Ana B , Hazelton Warren , Pinheiro Vitor B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plasmids of the ColE1 family are among the most frequently used in molecular biology. They were adopted early for many biotechnology applications, and as models to study plasmid biology. Their mechanism of replication is well understood, involving specific interactions between a plasmid encoded sense-antisense gene pair (RNAI and RNAII). Due to such mechanism, two plasmids with the same origin cannot be stably maintained in cells—a process known as incompatibility. While mutations in RNAI and RNAII can make colE1 more compatible, there has been no systematic effort to engineer new compatible colE1 origins, which could bypass technical design constraints for multi-plasmid applications. Here, we show that by diversifying loop regions in RNAI (and RNAII), it is possible to select new viable colE1 origins compatible with the wild-type one. We demonstrate that sequence divergence is not sufficient to enable compatibility and pairwise interactions are not an accurate guide for higher order interactions. We identify potential principles to engineer plasmid copy number independently from other regulatory strategies and we propose plasmid compatibility as a tractable model to study biological orthogonality.
DupScan: predicting and visualizing vertebrate genome duplication database
Authors: Lu Jianguo , Huang Peilin , Sun Jialiang , Liu Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Duplicated genes prevail in vertebrates and are important in the acquisition of new genes and novelties. Whole genome duplication (WGD) is one of the sources of duplicated genes. It can provide raw materials for natural selection by increasing the flexibility and complexity of the genome. WGDs are the driving force for the evolution of vertebrates and contribute greatly to their species diversity, especially in fish species with complicated WGD patterns. Here, we constructed the DupScan database (https://dupscan.sysumeg.com/) by integrating 106 chromosomal-level genomes, which can analyze and visualize synteny at both the gene and genome scales, visualize the Ka, Ks, and 4DTV values, and browse genomes. DupScan was used to perform functional adaptation for the intricate WGD investigation based on synteny matching. DupScan supports the analysis of five WGD rounds (R): VGD2 (vertebrate genome duplication 2), Ars3R (Acipenser-ruthenus-specific 3R), Pss3R (Polyodon-spathula-specific 3R), Ts3R (teleost-specific duplication 3R), Ss4R (salmonid-specific 4R), and Cs4R (carp-specific 4R). DupScan serves as one-stop analysis platform for synteny and WGD research in which users can analyze and predict synteny and WGD patterns across 106 species of whole genome sequences. This further aided us in elucidating genome evolutionary patterns across over 60,000 vertebrate species with synteny and WGD events.
Are Public Reason Liberalism’s Epistemological Commitments Indefensible?
Authors: Tahzib Collis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPublic reason liberalism holds that laws and policies must be justifiable to all reasonable citizens. Recently, David Enoch has offered an impressive and influential argument against the epistemological commitments of public reason liberalism on the grounds that they are ‘highly controversial’. After setting out this argument (Sections I and II), I show how its central claim is ambiguous between two senses of ‘controversial’. This gives rise to a dilemma: either Enoch's claim is that the relevant epistemological commitments are controversial in the sense of being subject to controversy amongst actual people, in which case this is true but not troubling for public reason theorists; or the claim is that the relevant commitments are controversial in the sense of being subject to controversy amongst reasonable people, in which case this simply begs the question against public reason theorists (Section III). I then defend each horn of the dilemma against objections (Sections IV and V). I conclude by generalizing this dilemma, showing how it defuses not just Enoch's argument but also a number of other arguments frequently made in the literature on public reason liberalism (Section VI).
Leptonic and semi-leptonic neutrino interactions with muons in proto-neutron star cooling
Authors: Sugiura Ken’ichi , Furusawa Shun , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Yamada Shoichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is known that muons are scarce just after the birth of a proto-neutron star via a supernova explosion, but get more abundant as the proto-neutron star cools via neutrino emissions on the Kelvin–Helmholtz timescale. We evaluate all the relevant rates of the neutrino interactions with muons at different times in the proto-neutron star cooling. We are particularly interested in the late phase ($t \gtrsim 10 \operatorname{s}$), which will be accessible in the next Galactic supernova but has not been studied well so far. We calculate both leptonic and semi-leptonic processes, for the latter of which we also pay attention to the form factors with their dependence on the transferred momentum as well as to the modification of the dispersion relations for nucleons on the mean field level. We find that the flavor-exchange reactions νe + μ− → νμ + e− and $\bar{\nu }_{\mu } + \mu ^- \rightarrow \bar{\nu }_e + e^-$ can be dominant, particularly at low energies, over the capture of νe on neutron and the scatterings of $\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$ on nucleons as the opacity sources for these species, and that the inverse muon decay $\bar{\nu }_e + \nu _{\mu } + e^- \leftrightarrows \mu ^-$ can overwhelm the scatterings of $\bar{\nu }_e$ and νμ on nucleons again at low energies. At high energies, on the other hand, the corrections in the semi-leptonic processes mentioned above are more important. We also show the non-trivial energy and angular dependencies of the flavor-exchange reactions and the inverse muon decay. In the study of the diffusion coefficients from these reactions, we find that $\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$ is most affected. These pieces of information are indispensable for numerical computations and the interpretation of their results for proto-neutron star cooling, particularly at the very late phase.
Learning about German farmers’ willingness to cooperate from public goods games and expert predictions
Authors: Rommel Jens , Schulze Christoph , Matzdorf Bettina , Sagebiel Julian , Wechner Vera 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is a growing interest in collective contracts to address agri-environmental policy goals at landscape scales. Yet, little is known about farmers’ general willingness to cooperate. We developed four treatments of a linear public goods game to investigate farmers’ willingness to cooperate: (1) heterogeneous endowments, (2) leading-by-example, (3) social norms, and (4) pinpointing the socially optimal solution. Based on a sample of 358 German farmers, we find that contributions reach more than two-thirds of the initial endowment across different treatments on average. Nudging the socially optimal solution is the most effective treatment. In addition to the experiment, we elicited incentivized predictions on experimental outcomes from 212 experts. Expert beliefs on treatment effects appear to be calibrated on laboratory studies, highlighting the need to conduct, communicate, and discuss experimental studies outside the laboratory. Young female academics with an Economics background most accurately predict farmers’ behaviour in the experiment.