bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding complex predictive models with ghost variables
Authors: Delicado Pedro , Peña Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFramed in the literature on Interpretable Machine Learning, we propose a new procedure to assign a measure of relevance to each explanatory variable in a complex predictive model. We assume that we have a training set to fit the model and a test set to check its out-of-sample performance. We propose to measure the individual relevance of each variable by comparing the predictions of the model in the test set with those obtained when the variable of interest is substituted (in the test set) by its ghost variable, defined as the prediction of this variable by using the rest of explanatory variables. In linear models it is shown that, on the one hand, the proposed measure gives similar results to leave-one-covariate-out (loco, with a lowest computational cost) and outperforms random permutations, and on the other hand, it is strongly related to the usualF-statistic measuring the significance of a variable. In nonlinear predictive models (as neural networks or random forests) the proposed measure shows the relevance of the variables in an efficient way, as shown by a simulation study comparing ghost variables with other alternative methods (includinglocoand random permutations, and also knockoff variables and estimated conditional distributions). Finally, we study the joint relevance of the variables by defining the relevance matrix as the covariance matrix of the vectors of effects on predictions when using every ghost variable. Our proposal is illustrated with simulated examples and the analysis of a large real data set.
Use of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring to Improve Hypertension Equity
Authors: Khoong Elaine C. , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Lyles Courtney R. , Fontil Valy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo evaluate how self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring interventions impact hypertension equity.Recent FindingsWhile a growing number of studies have recruited participants from safety-net settings, racial/ethnic minority groups, rural areas, or lower socio-economic backgrounds, few have reported on clinical outcomes with many choosing to evaluate only patient-reported outcomes (e.g., satisfaction, engagement). The studies with clinical outcomes demonstrate that SMBP monitoring (a) can be successfully adopted by historically excluded patient populations and safety-net settings and (b) improves outcomes when paired with clinical support. There are few studies that explicitly evaluate how SMBP monitoring impacts hypertension disparities and among rural, low-income, and some racial/ethnic minority populations.SummaryResearchers need to design SMBP monitoring studies that include disparity reduction outcomes and recruit from broader populations that experience worse hypertension outcomes. In addition to assessing effectiveness, studies must also evaluate how to mitigate multi-level barriers to real-world implementation of SMBP monitoring programs.
Combining stereotactic body radiotherapy with camrelizumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-arm trial
Authors: Li Jian-Xu , Su Ting-Shi , Gong Wen-Feng , Zhong Jian-Hong , Yan Liu-Ying , Zhang Jie , Li Li-Qing , He Mei-Ling , Zhang Rui-Jun , Du You-Qin , Wang Xiao-Ting , Liang Shi-Xiong , Xiang Bang-De 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may have significant immunomodulatory effects that enhance tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This phase 2 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining palliative SBRT with camrelizumab (an anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).

Methods
Patients with uHCC, Child–Pugh A/B liver function, and at least one measurable lesion were enrolled between April 2020 and August 2022. Patients were administered 200 mg camrelizumab intravenously from the first day of palliative SBRT and then every 3 weeks. Palliative SBRT was delivered daily over five fractions per week, with a dose range of 30–50 Gy. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and safety. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04193696).

Results
Twenty-one patients were enrolled; the median radiation dose was 40 Gy, and the median number of cycles of camrelizumab was five. The ORR was 52.4%. After a median follow-up of 19.7 months, the median progression-free and overall survival were 5.8 and 14.2 months, respectively. The overall survival probability was 85.7% at 6 months, 76.2% at 9 months, and 59.9% at 12 months. All grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in five patients (23.8%) and were manageable. No grade 4/5 TRAEs were observed.

Conclusion
Palliative SBRT plus camrelizumab showed promising antitumor activity against uHCC. Toxicities were manageable with no unexpected safety issues. This study provides evidence of a new therapeutic method for the treatment of uHCC.
Integrating justice in Nature-Based Solutions to avoid nature-enabled dispossession
Authors: Anguelovski Isabelle , Corbera Esteve 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeavily featured over the last few years in global research and policy agreements, Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) remain however exposed to much debate over the ways their current design and ability to achieve both environmental goals and social needs. As they become mainstream climate mitigation and adaptation options, their capacity to deliver expected benefits, especially when contemplating equity and justice, is at least uncertain. Through a critical review of existing debates and perspectives on NBS, this paper questions their uptake and points at the frequent embeddedness of NBS in speculative and elite-based development paths in both urban and rural areas. We present an alternative, justice-oriented approach to NBS so that projects can avoid nature-enable dispossession and instead build nature-inspired justice that prioritizes the needs, identities, and livelihoods of the most ecologically and socially vulnerable residents.
Clinical and epidemiological investigation of a child with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection following reoccurrence
Authors: Lin Qiu‑Yu , Lin Guo‑Tian , Zhang Fan , Xiang Xia-Yu , Zhang Yue‑Hua , Wang Jia‑Chong , Jin Yu‑Ming , Hai Yuan-ping , Tao-Wu  , Lv Zhi‑Yue , Xiang Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the case of a child infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had subsequent viral reactivation.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, epidemiological data, laboratory and imaging examinations, treatment, and follow-up of the child. And then, we searched related literature using PubMed.

Results
The 9-year-old boy was exposed to COVID-19 in Malawi and tested positive for NAT in Haikou, China. He was asymptomatic and admitted to our hospital. After six negative NATs, he was discharged from the hospital and quarantined in a hotel. His infection was reactivated again after 22 days (interval between first and last positive NATs). The cycle threshold (Ct) values of positive tests were 25 and 31, and the gene sequencing viral loads were very low. The viral strain Kenya/P2601/2020, a variant of the hCoV-19/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019 genome (GISAID accession IL: EPI_ISL_402119), was found when polymerase chain reaction enrichment was used to sequence the virus. However, people around him tested negative for COVID-19.

Conclusion
First, we confirmed the reactivation of COVID-19 in a child. The risk of recurrent infection with SARS-CoV-2 was low, and the policy of strictly isolating patients carrying long-term viral ribonucleic acid should be reconsidered. The interval positivity was most likely due to incorrect sampling and/or testing methods. SGS and aB testing are recommended for children with viral reactivation. Second, SARS-CoV-2 viral reactivation cannot be ruled out. The possible mechanisms, such as prolonged infection and viral latent reactivation, need further investigation.
Equivariant Oka theory: survey of recent progress
Authors: Kutzschebauch Frank , Lárusson Finnur , Schwarz Gerald W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe survey recent work, published since 2015, on equivariant Oka theory. The main results described in the survey are as follows. Homotopy principles for equivariant isomorphisms of Stein manifolds on which a reductive complex Lie groupGacts. Applications to the linearisation problem. A parametric Oka principle for sections of a bundleEof homogeneous spaces for a group bundle$${{\mathscr {G}}}$$G, all over a reduced Stein spaceXwith compatible actions of a reductive complex group onE,$${{\mathscr {G}}}$$G, andX. Application to the classification of generalised principal bundles with a group action. Finally, an equivariant version of Gromov’s Oka principle based on a notion of aG-manifold beingG-Oka.
Shareholder Engagement and Custody Chains
Authors: Ferran Eilís 
Published: August 2022

AbstractShareholder engagement has come to be seen to be pivotal to good corporate governance. It is therefore more important than ever for the mechanisms of shareholder engagement to be up to the important task they are meant to perform. Historically, these mechanisms have fallen short because of the capital markets’ necessary dependency on custody chains. Custody chains perform valuable functions but they also create a distance between the company and the end investor from which flows a significant risk of voting preferences and other important information not passing smoothly up and down the chain. Corporate governance is thus at risk of being distorted by process deficiencies. Changes to the operation of custody chains that were introduced by the EU’s flagship amended Shareholder Rights Directive II became operative in September 2020. This article is therefore among the first to draw on operational impact to assess the significance of these new measures. Experience has already demonstrated that while there have been some important advances, the regulatory changes are struggling on two levels: they have created new uncertainties within national laws; and they have failed to provide the necessary cross-border harmonization of key concepts. These are not issues that can be resolved effectively by technology or market workarounds on their own. There is a continuing need for legislative change to ensure that legal uncertainties do not act as a barrier to further technology-driven market standardization and innovation.
Outdoor education in Canadian post-secondary education: common philosophies, goals, and activities
Authors: Asfeldt Morten , Purc-Stephenson Rebecca , Zimmerman Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCanada has a long history of outdoor education (OE) in sectors including summer camps, K-12, and post-secondary education (PSE). However, previous research has demonstrated that OE is sometimes poorly understood in the PSE sector leading to program closures and limited program development. As a result, scholars have called for national and international collaboration to promote the value of OE including identifying common OE learning outcomes and the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings guiding OE practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify common philosophies, learning goals, and characteristics of PSE OE in Canada. Results reported here are part of a larger three-phase, exploratory sequential mixed-method project and used a convenience sample of PSE outdoor educators recruited from across Canada. Findings indicate that PSE OE in Canada is influenced by six common philosophies and includes five common learning goals. Overall, this study demonstrates that OE is well aligned with the common goals and missions of PSE in Canada.
Application of Metastructures for Targeted Low-Frequency Vibration Suppression in Plates
Authors: Ghachi Ratiba F. , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Renno Jamil , Alnahhal Wael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We present an approach that combines finite element analysis and genetic algorithms to find the optimal configuration of local resonators created in the host structure to suppress their vibration in a target low-frequency range. Such local resonators are indeed metastructures that alter the wave propagation in the host structure, thereby attenuating their vibration.

Methods
To demonstrate the approach, we cutout zigzag resonators in a thin aluminium plate that is subjected to base-excitations. The thin plate and the zigzag cutouts are modelled using the finite element method, and the optimal location and optimal tip mass of the zigzag cutouts are obtained using genetic algorithms through iterative simulations. Two case studies are considered, and the fitness function used in the optimization problem is the plate’s root mean square of vibration in a specific low-frequency range. In the first case, the plate has two aligned zigzag cutouts. In this case, the objective is to find the optimal linear location and tip masses of the two zigzag cutouts. In the second case, the plate also has two zigzag cutouts, but their linear and transverse locations can vary along with the respective tip masses. The two optimal specimens are manufactured and tested experimentally.

Results
Numerical results were compared to experimental results which demonstrate that the proposed approach is reliable and can be used to tune the band gap of plates, thereby maximizing the vibration attenuation in the target frequency range.

Conclusion
Genetic algorithms can be used along with finite element analysis and zigzag cutouts to tune the band gap of plates subjected to base-excitations. The approach can be extended to plates/structures with other types of excitations and boundary conditions.
Sounding Out Science: the Sonaphor and Electronic Sound Design as a Learning Tool in Secondary Science
Authors: Weaver Alexis , Firmer Genevieve , Motion Alice , O’Regan Jadey , O’Reilly Chiara , Yeadon Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe divergent use of digital technologies provides an important opportunity for students to develop critical and postdigital approaches to learning. Despite the rising accessibility of music technology, creatively composed sound is a relatively underexplored educational tool compared to the musical elements of melody, rhythm, and lyrics. Sound’s ability to transfer spatial and temporal information renders it a transformative tool for teaching and learning. Embracing an interdisciplinary approach, our research explores the possibility of supplementing secondary science education with a sound-based learning tool which creatively interprets scientific concepts to increase comprehension and engagement. Building on the existing ways in which science is communicated through music and sound, we have developed the Sonaphor (abbreviated from ‘sonic metaphor’). This article will outline the capacity for experimental electronic sound design to increase engagement in contexts ranging from classrooms through to informal learning environments. We see potential for the Sonaphor as a learning tool that reignites wonder and curiosity in science; it combines learning and creativity in sound design and science, allowing learners to interact with, and create their own Sonaphors. Through exemplar Sonaphors, we highlight a proposed structure and discuss the importance of harmonious script, dialogue, and sound design. The flexibility of the digital medium and increasing ubiquity of sound recording and editing software presents an opportunity for Sonaphors to become ‘living’ digital objects that could be adapted by different narrators, sound designers, and artists for different cultures, languages, syllabi, and purposes that build inclusivity in science education and communication.
Cartographic Representations of Coastal Land Loss in Louisiana: An Investigation Based on Deviant Cartographies
Authors: Kühne Olaf , Koegst Lara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe claim of topographic cartography to represent things of relevance and at the same time of certain permanent material persistence is challenged by the processes of coastal land loss in Louisiana. This example is used to discuss central points of critical cartography, such as a positivist worldview of cartography, its state-boundedness, and the construction of relevance. These aspects are taken (meta-functionally) as the occasion for reflection and further development of cartography in the sense of post-critical cartography sensitive to hybridities, complexities and contingencies. In doing so, we draw on reflections on deviant cartographies that foreground the consideration of whether changes in cartography have proven professionally or socially useful, suitable, and usable, without resorting to the notion of a comprehensive paradigm shift. The need is particularly evident in the case of land loss in Louisiana, where there is a constantly changing physical space that hardly allows for the construction of a clear dividing line between land and water areas, as is also evident from the analysis of historical and current maps that reflect topographies.
Political ideology and pandemic lifestyles: the indirect effects of empathy, authoritarianism, and threat
Authors: Hill Terrence D. , Garcia-Alexander Ginny , Davis Andrew P. , Bjorklund Eric T. , Vila-Henninger Luis A. , Cockerham William C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
In this paper, we integrate theory and research from sociology, psychology, and political science to develop and test a mediation model that helps to explain why political conservatism is often associated with pandemic behaviors and lifestyles that are inconsistent with public health recommendations for COVID-19.

Methods
Using national data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (n = 1743), we formally test the indirect effects of political conservatism (an index of Republican party identification, conservative political orientation, right-wing news media consumption, and 2020 Trump vote) on pandemic lifestyles (an index of social distancing, hand sanitizing, mask usage, and vaccination) through the mechanisms of empathy (concern about the welfare of others), authoritarian beliefs (authoritarian aggressiveness and acquiescence to authority), and pandemic threat perceptions (threats to self and to the broader society).

Result
Our results confirm that political conservatism is associated with riskier pandemic lifestyles. We also find that this association is partially mediated by lower levels of empathy, higher levels of authoritarian beliefs, and lower levels of perceived pandemic threat.

Conclusions
Understanding why political conservatism is associated with riskier pandemic lifestyles may eventually lead us to ways of identifying and overcoming widespread cultural barriers to critical pandemic responses.
Modelling morphodynamic responses of a natural embayed beach to Typhoon Lekima encountering different tide types
Authors: Liu Xu , Kuang Cuiping , Huang Shichang , Dong Weiliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent developments in process-based coastal area models such as XBeach provide new opportunities to predict coastal responses to primary forcing mechanisms such as storm hydrodynamic by using 2DH grids. However, due to the lack of measured data, there are few application scenarios of the models. Therefore, more measurement and research are needed. In this paper, the Typhoon Lekima that hitting Zhejiang Province during neap tide period was selected to simulate morphodynamic responses of the Huangcheng Beach by assuming encountering with different tide types. Cross shore measurements with eight cross-shore profiles (named S1 ~ S8 from north to south) of the Huangcheng Beach pre- and post- the Typhoon Lekima respectively were presented. Then a 2DH storm surge and wave coupled model was established with Delft3D Flow/Wave. The model was well calibrated with measured water levels and wave data and provided hydrodynamic boundary conditions of different typhoon and tide types coupling situations for a refined model. The refined model was built using XBeach and simulated the morphological responses of the Huangcheng beach with well verifications. On basis of the numerical results, bed level changes at the eight profiles were analyzed, and the character of erosion and deposition under different tide conditions were illustrated. The net sand volume changes were got smaller under the spring tide condition rather than middle tide and neap tide conditions. Further study of the distribution of wave induced current at different stages of collision, inundation and ebb shown that the stronger current under spring tide condition would increase the sediment transport rate and reduce the deposition volume at profiles S3 and S6 ~ S8, and the total amount of sediment involved in transportation had increased for the whole beach, leading to the reduction of net erosion volume at profiles S1, S2, S4 and S5.
Vaccine Policy Failure: Explaining Thailand’s Unsuccessful Containment of COVID-19 in the Third Wave
Authors: Pangsapa Piya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn January 2020, Thailand became the first country outside of China to report a coronavirus infection. In July 2020, Thailand was the number one ranked country (out of 184 countries) for its effective handling of COVID-19. In December 2020, the country was hit by a second wave and the government was once again able to contain the new outbreak. In late March 2021, however, a third wave broke out and as of 1 April 2021, Thailand had seen 2,022,117 new cases and a death toll during the third wave of 20,211. The Thai government has not only been unable to contain the virus this time around, but has also failed in its procurement, allocation, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines for its 70 million people. This article will look at the government’s mismanagement of the pandemic in the third wave and how the government is dealing with the current crisis.
The development, and day-to-day variation, of a Military-Specific Auditory N-Back Task and Shoot-/Don’t -Shoot Task
Authors: Vine Christopher , Coakley Sarah , Myers Stephen , Blacker Sam , Runswick Oliver 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During military operations, soldiers are required to successfully complete numerous physical and cognitive tasks concurrently. Understanding the typical variance in research tools that may be used to provide insight into the interrelationship between physical and cognitive performance is therefore highly important. This study assessed the inter-day variability of two military-specific cognitive assessments: a Military-Specific Auditory N-Back Task (MSANT) and a Shoot-/Don’t-Shoot Task (SDST) in 28 participants. Limits of agreement ±95% confidence intervals, standard error of the mean, and smallest detectable change were calculated to quantify the typical variance in task performance. All parameters within the MSANT and SDST demonstrated no mean difference for trial visit in either the seated or walking condition, with equivalency demonstrated for the majority of comparisons. Collectively, these data provided an indication of the typical variance in MSANT and SDST performance, while demonstrating that both assessments can be used during seated and walking conditions.