bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined risk factors and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer mortality in the Linxian general population
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Xiao‐Kun , Wang Jian‐Bing , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Fan Jin‐Hu , Qiao You‐Lin , Taylor Philip R. , Abnet Christian C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to explore the association of combined risk factors with risk of death from upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia carcinoma (GCC) and gastric noncardia carcinoma (GNCC) in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort. The NIT cohort included 29 584 healthy adults. A combined risk score (CRS) was calculated using a point system method based on 10 risk factors collected at baseline, including gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, family history of UGI cancer, drinking tap water, tooth loss and consumption of fresh fruit, eggs and meat. Possible score ranged from 0 to 31, and higher score indicated as poorer health status. Subjects were divided into three groups by the CRS (<12 points, 12 to 20 points and >20 points). The group of CRS <12 points was considered as the reference. During the 30‐year follow‐up, we identified 4553 UGI cancer deaths. Compared to subjects with a CRS <12 points, the adjusted HRs for CRS of 12 to 20 points and >20 points were 1.69 (95% CI: 1.56‐1.83) and 3.06 (95% CI: 2.82‐3.33) for UGI cancer mortality, respectively (Ptrend < .001). Comparable associations were also observed for ESCC, GCC and GNCC mortality. Results remained similar across different age groups (Pinteraction > .05). All HRs observed in the second half follow‐up period were stronger than that observed in the first half follow‐up period. Our study indicated that higher CRS was associated with increased risk of UGI cancer mortality. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce unhealthy lifestyles.
Whole Exome Sequencing in Two Southeast Asian Families With Atypical Femur Fractures
Authors: Zhou Wei , Nguyen Hanh H. , van de Laarschot Denise M. , Howe Tet Sen , Koh Joyce S.B. , Milat Frances , van Rooij Jeroen G.J. , Verlouw Joost A.M. , van der Eerden Bram C.J. , Stevenson Mark , Thakker Rajesh V. , Zillikens M. Carola , Ebeling Peter R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTAtypical femur fractures (AFFs) are rare complications of anti‐resorptive therapy. Devastating to the affected individual, they pose a public health concern because of reduced uptake of an effective treatment for osteoporosis due to patient concern. The risk of AFF is increased sixfold to sevenfold in patients of Asian ethnicity compared with Europeans. Genetic factors may underlie the AFF phenotype. Given the rarity of AFFs, studying familial AFF cases is valuable in providing insights into any genetic predisposition. We present two Singaporean families, one comprising a mother (1‐a) and a daughter (1‐b), and the other comprising two sisters (2‐a and 2‐b). All four cases presented with bisphosphonate‐associated AFF. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 1‐b, 2‐a, and 2‐b. DNA for 1‐a was not available. Variants were examined using a candidate gene approach comprising a list of genes previously associated with AFF in the literature, as well as using unbiased filtering based on dominant and/or recessive inheritance patterns. Using a candidate gene approach, rare variants shared between all three cases were not identified. A rare variant in TMEM25, shared by the two sisters (2‐a and 2‐b), was identified. A rare heterozygous PLOD2 variant was present in the daughter case with AFF (1‐b), but not in the sisters. A list of potential genetic variants for AFF was identified after variant filtering and annotation analysis of the two sisters (2‐a and 2‐b), including a Gly35Arg variant in TRAF4, a gene required for normal skeletal development. Although the findings from this genetic analysis are inconclusive, a familial aggregation of AFFs is suggestive of a genetic component in AFF pathogenesis. We provide a comprehensive list of rare variants identified in these AFF familial cases to aid future genetic studies. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Performance Status Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D Receptor Activator and Mortality or Fracture: A Prospective Cohort Study on the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) Renal Data Registry
Authors: Murashima Miho , Hamano Takayuki , Nishiyama Takeshi , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Ogata Satoshi , Kanda Eiichiro , Abe Masanori , Masakane Ikuto , Nitta Kosaku 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Immobilization osteoporosis is characterized by excess bone resorption. Vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) might have adverse effects in immobilized patients. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of performance status (PS) on the associations between VDRA use and outcomes among hemodialysis patients. This is a prospective cohort study. Adults on hemodialysis in the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) Renal Data Registry were included. Exposure of interest was the use of VDRA. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and hip fracture. Associations between VDRA use and mortality or hip fractures were examined by Cox and Poisson regression analyses, respectively. Among 208,512 subjects, 128,535 were on VDRA. Poor PS was associated with higher calcium (Ca), lower parathyroid hormone, and higher alkaline phosphatase levels. The association between higher Ca levels and VDRA use was stronger among those with poor PS (p interaction 0.007). Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for mortality and incidence rate ratio (IRR) for hip fracture was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.99–1.05) and 0.93 (0.86–1.00) among users of VDRA, respectively. The VDRA use was associated with lower mortality and incidence of hip fractures among subjects with good PS but not among subjects with poor PS (p interaction 0.03 and 0.05). Effect modification by PS was observed for cardiovascular (CV) mortality but not for non-CV mortality. In conclusion, VDRA use was associated with better outcomes only among those with good PS. These results suggest that bone and mineral disorders among hemodialysis patients should be treated differently, depending on their performance status. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Cork‐based permeable reactive barriers coupled to electrokinetic processes for interrupting pollutants reaching groundwater: a case study of lead‐contaminated soil
Authors: Silva Karyn NO , Henrique João MM , Vilar Vítor JP , Martínez‐Huitle Carlos A , dos Santos Elisama V 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDA novel, original and green technology for the remediation of lead‐contaminated soil is proposed. The treatment strategy integrates two well‐known technologies: electrokinetic (EK) remediation and permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). The novelty of the present work is based on the use of cork granules, as reactive media, in the PRBs for interrupting Pb reaching groundwater. The cork barrier (treatment zone) was emplaced near the anodic compartment to favor the retention and sorption of Pb due to the migration/diffusion effects promoted from soil to the anode during EK remediation. For this purpose, NaNO3 (0.1 mol L−1) and citric acid (0.1 mol L−1) were tested as supporting electrolytes in the cathodic reservoir, while in the anodic compartment a solution of 0.1 mol L−1 NaNO3 was used. Additionally, the influence of direct current and reverse polarity approaches on EK efficiency was evaluated.RESULTSResults clearly indicated that the novel cork‐based PRBs concept was efficient when coupled with EK. Nevertheless, pH conditions played a significant role in Pb sorption by cork granules as well as in the physical–chemical properties of cork under an electrical field. The transportation of Pb by EK, towards the PRB with cork granules, was favored through the use of citric acid in the catholyte and reverse polarity strategy.CONCLUSIONSThese approaches promote a better pH control in the soil and electrode wells, being able to reach near 80% Pb removal from soil, after 14 days of experiment. Therefore, this technology can be used for in situ remediation of Pb‐contaminated groundwater. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparison of the prognostic effect of sarcopenia on atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Toshida Katsuya , Itoh Shinji , Tomiyama Takahiro , Morinaga Akinari , Kosai Yukiko , Tomino Takahiro , Kurihara Takeshi , Nagao Yoshihiro , Morita Kazutoyo , Harada Noboru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSarcopenia has received much attention as a poor prognostic factor in various fields, and has also been reported to worsen prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib or lenvatinib (LEN). Atezolizumab/bevacizumab (ATZ/BEV) is recommended as first‐line drug therapy for unresectable‐HCC, but the effect of sarcopenia on patients treated with ATZ/BEV is unknown.MethodsWe enrolled 98 patients treated with ATZ/BEV or LEN. Computed tomography performed before the initiation of drug therapy was used to diagnose sarcopenia in accordance with the criteria proposed by the Japanese Society of Hepatology. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia in each regimen, and patient characteristics, adverse events, and prognosis were compared.ResultsIn ATZ/BEV therapy, 57.1% of patients had sarcopenia. The sarcopenia group had significantly more women (P = 0.0125) and more macroscopic vascular invasion (P = 0.0270). Sarcopenia had no significant effect on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In LEN therapy, 63.4% of patients had sarcopenia. The sarcopenia group was significantly older (P = 0.0064) and had a higher number of women (P = 0.0003), a higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.0222), worse albumin–bilirubin grade (P = 0.0087), and worse best response (P = 0.0255). PFS (P = 0.0091) and OS (P = 0.0006) were worse in the sarcopenia group. In multivariate analysis, age (P = 0.0362), lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (P = 0.0365), and sarcopenia (P = 0.0268) were independent prognostic factors for OS.ConclusionIn ATZ/BEV therapy, sarcopenia does not determine prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy can be expected even in cases of sarcopenia.
Developmental disorders in children born to women with sickle cell disease: A report from the Boston Birth Cohort
Authors: Brucato Martha , Lance Eboni , Lanzkron Sophie , Wang Xiaobin , Pecker Lydia H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChildren exposed to maternal sickle cell disease (SCD) have many theoretical risks for developmental disorders, but little is known about long‐term outcomes for these children. We used the Boston Birth Cohort to compare developmental outcomes between children exposed to maternal SCD and matched, unexposed controls. Children with exposure to maternal SCD had increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR 5.12, 95% CI 1.36–19.19, p = 0.02) and obesity (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.10–6.87, p = 0.03). In utero and/or environmental exposures may help explain these findings. Further studies of outcomes of children born to women with SCD are needed.
Assessment of key characteristics, methodology, and effect size measures used in meta‐analysis of human‐health‐related animal studies
Authors: Hooijmans Carlijn R. , Donders Rogier , Magnuson Kristen , Wever Kimberley E. , Ergün Mehmet , Rooney Andrew A. , Walker Vickie , Langendam Miranda W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the early 1990s the number of systematic reviews (SR) of animal studies has steadily increased. There is, however, little guidance on when and how to conduct a meta‐analysis of human‐health‐related animal studies. To gain insight about the methods that are currently used we created an overview of the key characteristics of published meta‐analyses of animal studies, with a focus on the choice of effect size measures. An additional goal was to learn about the rationale behind the meta‐analysis methods used by the review authors. We show that important details of the meta‐analyses are not fully described, only a fraction of all human‐health‐related meta‐analyses provided rationales for their decision to use specific effect size measures. In addition, our data may suggest that authors make post‐hoc decisions to switch to another effect size measure during the course of their meta‐analysis, and possibly search for significant effects. Based on analyses in this paper we recommend that review teams: 1) publish a review protocol before starting the conduct of a SR, prespecifying all methodological details (providing special attention to the planned meta‐analysis including the effect size measure and the rational behind choosing a specific effect size, prespecifying subgroups and restricting the number of subgroup analyses), 2) always use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to report your SR of animal studies, and 3) use the random effects model (REM) in human‐health‐related meta‐analysis of animal studies, unless the assumptions for using the fixed effect model (FEM) are all met.
Critical values of soil solution Al3+ activity and pH for canola and maize cultivation in two acidic soils
Authors: Zhao Wen‐rui , Shi Ren‐yong , Hong Zhi‐neng , Xu Ren‐kou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAluminum (Al) toxicity caused by soil acidification is the main constraint for crop growth in tropical and subtropical areas of southern China. The critical values of soil solution Al3+ activity and pH for crops in acidic soils can provide a useful reference for soil acidity amelioration.RESULTSA pot experiment in a greenhouse was conducted to investigate the critical values of soil solution Al3+ activity and pH for canola and maize in an Ultisol and an Alfisol. The critical values of soil solution Al3+ activity in Ultisol and Alfisol for canola were 1.5 and 10.0 μmol L−1, and 13.9 and 30.4 μmol L−1 for maize, respectively. The Al tolerance varied with soil type for the same variety of crop. There was more biomass of roots and shoots and higher plant height under the same Al3+ activity, and thus greater critical values of soil solution Al3+ activity for both crops in Alfisol than those in Ultisol, owing to higher Ca2+/Al3+, Mg2+/Al3+ and K+/Al3+ ratios in soil solution caused by higher cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cations in Alfisol, when compared with those in Ultisol. The critical values of soil solution pH for canola and maize in Ultisol were 5.09 and 4.72, respectively; while those in Alfisol were 4.87 and 4.54, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe critical values of Al3+ activity were higher for maize than for canola and the critical values for both crops were higher in Alfisol than in Ultisol. The critical soil pH for both crops showed opposite trends to soil Al3+ activity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
DAF‐16 is involved in colonic metabolites of ferulic acid‐promoted longevity and stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yang Wenhan , Xia Wen , Zheng Bisheng , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFerulic acid (FA) is a dietary polyphenol widely found in plant tissues. It has long been considered to have health‐promoting qualities. However, the biological properties of dietary polyphenols depend largely on their absorption during digestion, and the effects of their intestinal metabolites on human health have attracted the interest of researchers. This study evaluated the effects of three main colonic metabolites of FA – 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3,4diOHPPA), 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3OHPPA) and 3‐phenylpropionic acid (3PPA) – on longevity and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans.RESULTSOur results showed that 3,4diOHPPA, 3OHPPA and 3PPA extended the lifespan under normal conditions in C. elegans whereas FA did not. High doses of 3,4diOHPPA (0.5 mmol L−1), 3OHPPA (2.5 mmol L−1) and 3PPA (2.5 mmol L−1) prolonged the mean lifespan by 11.2%, 13.0% and 10.6%, respectively. Moreover, 3,4diOHPPA, 3OHPPA and 3PPA treatments promoted stress tolerance against heat, UV irradiation and paraquat. Furthermore, three metabolites ameliorated physical functions, including reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, motility and pharyngeal pumping rate. The anti‐aging activities mediated by 3,4diOHPPA, 3OHPPA and 3PPA depend on the HSF‐1 and JNK‐1 linked insulin/IGF‐1 signaling pathway, which converge onto DAF‐16.CONCLUSIONThe current findings suggest that colonic metabolites of FA have the potential for use as anti‐aging bioactivate compounds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Automatic detection and voxel‐wise mapping of lumbar spine Modic changes with deep learning
Authors: Gao Kenneth T. , Tibrewala Radhika , Hess Madeline , Bharadwaj Upasana U. , Inamdar Gaurav , Link Thomas M. , Chin Cynthia T. , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundModic changes (MCs) are the most prevalent classification system for describing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity changes in the vertebrae. However, there is a growing need for novel quantitative and standardized methods of characterizing these anomalies, particularly for lesions of transitional or mixed nature, due to the lack of conclusive evidence of their associations with low back pain. This retrospective imaging study aims to develop an interpretable deep learning‐based detection tool for voxel‐wise mapping of MCs.MethodsSeventy‐five lumbar spine MRI exams that presented with acute‐to‐chronic low back pain, radiculopathy, and other symptoms of the lumbar spine were enrolled. The pipeline consists of two deep convolutional neural networks to generate an interpretable voxel‐wise Modic map. First, an autoencoder was trained to segment vertebral bodies from T1‐weighted sagittal lumbar spine images. Next, two radiologists segmented and labeled MCs from a combined T1‐ and T2‐weighted assessment to serve as ground truth for training a second autoencoder that performs segmentation of MCs. The voxels in the detected regions were then categorized to the appropriate Modic type using a rule‐based signal intensity algorithm. Post hoc, three radiologists independently graded a second dataset with the aid of the model predictions in an artificial (AI)‐assisted experiment.ResultsThe model successfully identified the presence of changes in 85.7% of samples in the unseen test set with a sensitivity of 0.71 (±0.072), specificity of 0.95 (±0.022), and Cohen's kappa score of 0.63. In the AI‐assisted experiment, the agreement between the junior radiologist and the senior neuroradiologist significantly improved from Cohen's kappa score of 0.52 to 0.58 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis deep learning‐based approach demonstrates substantial agreement with radiologists and may serve as a tool to improve inter‐rater reliability in the assessment of MCs.
Oral and Inhaled Fosamprenavir Reverses Pepsin‐Induced Damage in a Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Mouse Model
Authors: Johnston Nikki , Samuels Tina L. , Goetz Christopher J. , Arnold Leggy A. , Smith Brian C. , Seabloom Donna , Wuertz Beverly , Ondrey Frank , Wiedmann Timothy S. , Vuksanovic Nemanja , Silvaggi Nicholas R. , MacKinnon Alexander C. , Miller James , Bock Jonathan , Blumin Joel H. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveMore than 20% of the US population suffers from laryngopharyngeal reflux. Although dietary/lifestyle modifications and alginates provide benefit to some, there is no gold standard medical therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that pepsin is partly, if not wholly, responsible for damage and inflammation caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux. A treatment specifically targeting pepsin would be amenable to local, inhaled delivery, and could prove effective for endoscopic signs and symptoms associated with nonacid reflux. The aim herein was to identify small molecule inhibitors of pepsin and test their efficacy to prevent pepsin‐mediated laryngeal damage in vivo.MethodsDrug and pepsin binding and inhibition were screened by high‐throughput assays and crystallography. A mouse model of laryngopharyngeal reflux (mechanical laryngeal injury once weekly for 2 weeks and pH 7 solvent/pepsin instillation 3 days/week for 4 weeks) was provided inhibitor by gavage or aerosol (fosamprenavir or darunavir; 5 days/week for 4 weeks; n = 3). Larynges were collected for histopathologic analysis.ResultsHIV protease inhibitors amprenavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and darunavir bound and inhibited pepsin with IC50 in the low micromolar range. Gavage and aerosol fosamprenavir prevented pepsin‐mediated laryngeal damage (i.e., reactive epithelia, increased intraepithelial inflammatory cells, and cell apoptosis). Darunavir gavage elicited mild reactivity and no discernable protection; aerosol protected against apoptosis.ConclusionsFosamprenavir and darunavir, FDA‐approved therapies for HIV/AIDS, bind and inhibit pepsin, abrogating pepsin‐mediated laryngeal damage in a laryngopharyngeal reflux mouse model. These drugs target a foreign virus, making them ideal to repurpose. Reformulation for local inhaled delivery could further improve outcomes and limit side effects.Level of evidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 133:S1–S11, 2023
Reporting of methods for automated devices: A systematic review and recommendation for studies using FlowCam for phytoplankton
Authors: Owen Bianca M. , Hallett Chris S. , Cosgrove Jeffrey J. , Tweedley James R. , Moheimani Navid R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurate and detailed reporting of methods is essential for scientific progress, yet it is widely accepted that authors across all scientific fields tend to provide insufficient methods detail. Given the recent proliferation of automated and semi‐automated technologies for data collection, to address this widespread issue the details needed for interpretation and reproducibility for each specific technique first need to be identified. A systematic literature review assessed the comprehensiveness of method details reported by 116 peer‐reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2020 using the FlowCam (a widely used imaging flow cytometer) to image phytoplankton, finding all to be lacking in critical details, inhibiting reproducibility, and limiting the veracity of some findings. Through this review and three case studies, we identify several key method details that should be reported by FlowCam studies to ensure their findings are credible, comparable, and replicable and illustrate the wide‐reaching implications for not doing so. Future studies using FlowCam for phytoplankton analyses should ensure clear reporting of all relevant details relating to the FlowCam unit, sample preparation, run settings, post‐processing of images, and the considered use of only verified measurement outputs. A methods reporting template is presented as a guideline intended to enhance the quality, interpretability, and repeatability of future FlowCam papers. The pervasiveness of inadequacies in FlowCam methods reporting identified here highlights how vital it is for users of any automated or semi‐automated scientific technologies to have a clear understanding of the impact of all method details on their findings, and to report these details adequately.
Refining the arithmetical hierarchy of classical principles
Authors: Fujiwara Makoto , Kurahashi Taishi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe refine the arithmetical hierarchy of various classical principles by finely investigating the derivability relations between these principles over Heyting arithmetic. We mainly investigate some restricted versions of the law of excluded middle, De Morgan's law, the double negation elimination, the collection principle and the constant domain axiom.