bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Approach for Improved Estimation of Inflow Profiles in Oil Wells
Authors: Moen Ola Rasmus , Mo Sjur , Varagnolo Damiano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A novel concept for estimating inflow profiles in oil wells is based on introducing heatwaves at known times and locations and measure the temperature waves further downstream. The heatwaves arrival times and shapes are known to depend on the source location and inflow profile along the traveled path. Estimating the inflow profile is then done by fitting an inverse model to multiple measured waves. This study aims at introducing a 1D physics-driven model that may be used for this estimation purpose and validate & optimize it by means of experimental data.
We assume the presence of uncertainty in both the model and the data. The former arises from both simplifications needed to achieve acceptable computational time, and several assumptions on the governing processes. Uncertainty in the data stems instead from measurement noise and preprocessing steps necessary to transform non-stationary time-series data so to be suitable for fitting the model. To account for these uncertainties, we cast the problem in a Bayesian framework by applying Markov Chain Monte Carlo approaches to infer the distribution of the model parameters.
The results show that the uncertainties introduced in the model through dimensionality reduction from 3D to 1D are largely Gaussian in nature with the mode close to the original estimate. This indicates that the model matches the data to a satisfactory degree given the available experimental data quality. Overall this is an indication both towards the validity of the model, and towards the fact that a purely physics-driven approach matches measurements resulting from a wide variety of system inputs (a further evidence that the concept is valid).
The most challenging aspect of this study has been that of processing and fitting the data in a satisfactory manner. Especially the observed difference in time constants of the different sensors used in the flow loop experiments introduced challenges related to averaging/combining data from several sensors. Further exploration into methods of combining cross-sectional measurements to 1D along with parameterizations or alternative methods of fitting are perhaps the most clear-cut areas for further research. In the paper we present both novel methods for data preprocessing and illustrate how advanced probability-based methods may be used in a fruitful way for development of improved and computationally fast well inflow estimation models.
Collective and individual mathematical progress: Layering explanations in the case of Sierpiński triangle
Authors: Dreyfus Tommy , Apkarian Naneh , Rasmussen Chris , Tabach Michal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Qualitative research on classroom-based mathematics learning in inquiry-oriented classrooms is scarce. This paper presents a methodology aimed at developing a rich understanding of the interplay of mathematical progress in the different settings in which learning in such classrooms occurs - individuals, small groups, and the whole class. For this purpose, we enhance a theoretical-methodological approach of coordinating Documenting Collective Activity and the RBC-model of Abstraction in Context that has been developed in earlier studies. We do this using an intact lesson on the area and perimeter of the Sierpiński triangle in a mathematics education master’s level course on Chaos and Fractals. The enhancement of the methodology allowed integrating the Collective and Individual Mathematical Progress (CIMP) by Layering the Explanations (LE) provided by the two approaches and thus exhibiting the complexity of learning processes in inquiry-oriented classrooms.
Nature of Electrically Induced Defects in CVD-grown Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Ansh Ansh , Patbhaje Utpreksh , Kumar Jeevesh , Meersha Adil , Shrivastava Mayank 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We find that defects are also introduced by prolonged operation of single crystal CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 FETs which hinder the overall performance. These defects result in threshold voltage instabilities, enhanced channel conductance, improved screening of charged impurity scattering sites and better thermal management in MoS2 transistors. It turns out that long-term electrical stress (LTES) results in a piezoelectric response in MoS2 which leads to permanent change in the material’s molecular configuration. This change in the molecular structure of MoS2 is, in fact, weakening of Mo-S bonds. Such a deviation from the original crystal structure results in suppressed hopping transport within the channel while increasing free electron concentration and hence reduction in channel potential without increasing sulfur vacancy concentration. It is also found that these defects result in enhanced thermal dissipation capability of MoS2 transistors. These results are particularly important from a fundamental perspective because they unveil a unique self-adaptive piezoelectric response in MoS2 against long-term high-field transport which eventually modifies its electrical and thermal transport properties. This is an entirely new property of single crystal CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 which has remained unidentified. It triggers a need to reconsider supply voltage requirements of MoS2-based CMOS circuits for low-power logic applications.
Biochar Modification with Hematite and Goethite for Efficient Persulfate Activation and Pollution Degradation
Authors: Sharma Hem Chandra , Chen Hao , Chandel Aneesh Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using biochar to adsorb and degrade organic contaminants has attracted increasing attention due to it is relatively low cost and high efficiency. In this work, two magnetic biochar were synthesized by pyrolyzing a mixture of naturally-occurring Hematite or Goethite mineral and pine needle biomass. The biochar composite was characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and surface area analyzer. The result demonstrated iron minerals have been deposited on carbon surfaces and been reduced to Wustite or Goethite minerals. In comparison to the unmodified biochar, the iron mineral modified biochar had better sorption ability, likely because the iron mineral particles on the carbon surface served as additional sorption sites for Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal. After modification, the biochar also showed higher persulfate activation capacity with radical generation: at 4 hours, neutral pH, 67.5 and 77.9% of persulfate is activated with hematite and goethite modified biochar, where only 11.7% persulfate is activated by unmodified biochar. With persulfate, Goethite modified biochar showed better SMX removal capacity than Hematite modified biochar with about 79% of SMX removed in 4 hours. Solution chemistry such as pH and co-exist humic acid can affect SMX removal by affecting iron minerals. Because the magnetized biochar can be easily isolated and removed with external magnets, it can be used in various contaminant removal applications.
Paraquat is an agonist of STIM1 and Increases Intracellular Calcium Levels
Authors: Yang Wenyu , Tian Rui , Zhu Yong , Huang Peijie , Ma Xinrun , Meng Xiaoxiao , Dai Wentao , Tao Yiming , Chen Daonan , Zhang Jiaxiang , Lu Jian , Xie Hui , Jian Xiangdong , Yang Zhengfeng , Wang Ruilan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an efficient herbicide utilized worldwide but leads to pulmonary fibrosis and high mortality with no antidote in mammals. PQ is well recognized to produce amounts of ROS, leading to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in type II alveolar (AT II) cells, followed with pulmonary fibrosis. Intriguingly, strategies developed to target oxidative stress exhibit limited therapeutic effects, indicating that other molecular targets exist for PQ toxicity. Herein we reported that PQ is also an agonist for STIM1 that increases intracellular calcium levels. Particularly, PQ promotes STIM1 puncta formation and association with TRPC1 or ORAI1 for store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), which increases intracellular calcium levels and NFAT activation. Further studies revealed the importance of P584&Y586 residues in STIM1 for PQ association that facilitates STIM1 binding to TRPC1 for extracellular calcium entry. Consequently, activation of the STIM1-TRPC1 route facilitates PQ-induced EMT for pulmonary fibrosis. Correspondingly, PQ-poisoned patients exhibit specifically reduced blood calcium levels, which is correlated with the severity of PQ poisoning. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PQ is the agonist of STIM1 that induces extracellular calcium entry, increases intracellular calcium levels and thus promotes EMT in AT II cells, which would provide another important molecular target for treating PQ poisoning.
Phenotypic Bacterial Isolates, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Factors among Septicemia Suspected Patients at a hospital, in Northwest Ethiopia. Prospective cross- sectional study
Authors: Belew Habtamu , Tamir Workineh , Dilnessa Tebelay , Mengist Abeba 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Septicemia is a life-threatening infection when pathogenic bacteria infiltrate the bloodstream, leading morbidity and mortality in Ethiopian hospital patients. Multidrug resistance is a therapeutic challenge among this patient and has a paucity of data in the hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors among septicemia suspected patients.
Methods
Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 214 septicemia suspected patients from February to June 2021 a hospital in northwest, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected aseptically and processed to identify bacterial isolates by using different standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was performed using the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion on Mueller Hinton agar. Epi-data V4.2 was used to enter data and SPSS V25 for analysis. The variables were assessed using a bivariate logistic regression model with a 95% confidence interval, and declared statistically significant; P-value was < 0.05.
Results
The overall bacterial isolates was found 45/214 (21%) in this study. Gram-negative and positive bacteria were 25/45(55.6%), 20/45(44.4%) respectively. The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus12/45 (26.7%), Klebsiella pneumonia8/45(17.8%), Escherichia coli 6/45 (13.3%). Gram-negative bacteria showed susceptible to amikacin (88%), meropenem, imipenem (76%), but resistance to (92%) ampicillin, (85.7%) amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. S.aureus (91.7%) resistance to Penicillin, (58.3%) cefoxitin and (75%) susceptible to ciprofloxacillin. S.pyogenes and S.agalactia were (100%) susceptible to Vancomacin. Multidrug resistance was found in 27/45(60%) of the bacterial isolates. The main predictors related to patients suspected of septicemia were prolonged hospitalization (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18, 7.22), fever (AOR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.18, 0.85) and length of hospital stay (AOR = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.82).
Conclusions
Bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected patients were high. The majority of the bacterial isolates were multidrug-resistant. To prevent antimicrobial resistance, specific antibiotic utilization strategy should be applied.
Mapping of national population-based surveys for better reporting of health-related indicators in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Riazi-Isfahani Sahand , Doctor Henry V , Aly Eman , Basha Hanem Mohamed , Majdzadeh Reza , Rashidian Arash 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Improving the quality of data to generate health-related indicators is important for effective monitoring of progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). In consultation with Member States, stakeholders and experts, World Health Organization (WHO) developed a framework for health information systems and 68 regional core health indicators to support Member States to effectively track health issues. These core health indicators come from two main data sources: routine or institution-based and population-based surveys. The aim of this study is two-fold: to map out population-based surveys that are expected to be conducted to generate data for the health-related indicators including Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 indicators; and to propose a timetable for conducting national population-based surveys in the Region.
Methods
The study was conducted in six phases: 1) Selecting survey-based indicators; 2) Extracting and comparing relevant survey modules; 3) Identifying sources of data for the indicators; 4) Assessing country status in reporting on core health indicators; 5) Designing survey timetable; and 6) Review and confirmation of the results by the experts.
Results
Forty-four out of 68 (65%) regional core health indicators and two out of 11 (18%) SDG 3 indicators use data from population-based surveys. The Health Examination Survey (HES) could cover 65% of the survey-based indicators. A suggested 10-year timetable was designed for conducting national population-based surveys for the countries in the Region.
Conclusions
We have proposed an optimum timetable for conducting national population-based surveys that can be modified depending on the local context, technical expertise and available resources. To reliably report on all the core health indicators, each country could devise a timetable for population-based surveys by considering several factors such as national health priorities, financial and human capacities, and previous experiences.
Ebselen derivatives inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibition of its essential proteins – PL pro and M pro proteases, and nsp14 guanine N7- methyltransferase
Authors: Zmudzinski Mikolaj , Rut Wioletta , Olech Kamila , Granda Jarosław , Giurg Mirosław , Burda-Grabowska Małgorzata , Kaleta Rafał , Zgarbova Michala , Kasprzyk Renata , Zhang Linlin , Sun Xinyuanyuan , Lv Zongyang , Nayak Digant , Kesik-Brodacka Malgorzata , Olsen Shaun K. , Weber Jan , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Jemielity Jacek , Drag Marcin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Proteases encoded by SARS-CoV-2 constitute a promising target for new therapies against COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro, 3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) are responsible for viral polyprotein cleavage – a process crucial for viral survival and replication. Recently it was shown that 2-phenylbenzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one (ebselen), an organoselenium anti-inflammatory small-molecule drug, is a potent, covalent inhibitor of both the proteases and its potency was evaluated in enzymatic and anti-viral assays. In this study, we screened a collection of 34 ebselen and ebselen diselenide derivatives for SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and Mpro inhibitors. Our studies revealed that ebselen derivatives are potent inhibitors of both the proteases. We identified three PLpro and four Mpro inhibitors superior to ebselen. Independently, ebselen was shown to inhibit the N7-methyltransferase activity of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 protein involved in viral RNA cap modification. Hence, selected compounds were also evaluated as nsp14 inhibitors. In the second part of our work, we employed 11 ebselen analogues – bis(2-carbamoylaryl)phenyl diselenides – in biological assays to evaluate their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6 cells. We present their antiviral and cytoprotective activity and also low cytotoxicity. Our work shows that ebselen, its derivatives and diselenide analogues constitute a promising platform for development of new antivirals targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Endoscopic variceal obturation and retrograde transvenous obliteration for acute gastric cardiofundal variceal bleeding
Authors: Lee Han Ah , Kwak Jungwon , Cho Sung Bum , Lee Young-Sun , Jung Young Kul , Kim Ji Hoon , Kim Seung Up , An Hyonggin , Yim Hyung Joon , Yeon Jong Eun , Seo Yeon Seok 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background/Aims: We compared the efficacy of endoscopic variceal obturation (EVO) and retrograde transvenous obliteration (RTO) in acute cardiofundal variceal bleeding.Methods: Patients with acute cardiofundal variceal bleeding treated with EVO or RTO at two academic hospitals were included.Results: Ninety patients treated with EVO and 86 treated with RTO were analyzed. The mean model for end-stage liver disease score was significantly higher in EVO group than in RTO group (13.5 vs. 11.7, P=0.016). The bleeding control rates were high (97.8% vs. 96.5%), and the treatment-related complication rates were low in both EVO and RTO groups (2.2% vs. 3.5%). During the median follow-up of 18.0 months, gastric variceal (GV) and esophageal variceal rebleeding occurred in 34 (19.3%) and 7 (4.0%) patients, respectively. The all-variceal rebleeding rates were comparable between EVO and RTO groups (32.4% vs. 20.8% at 2-year, P=0.150), while the GV rebleeding rate was significantly higher in EVO group than in RTO group (32.4% vs. 12.8% at 2-year, P=0.003). On propensity score-matched analysis (71 patients in EVO vs. 71 patients in RTO group), both all-variceal and GV rebleeding rates were significantly higher in EVO group than in RTO group (all P <0.05). In Cox regression analysis, EVO (vs. RTO) was the only significant predictor of higher GV rebleeding risk (hazard ratio 3.132, P=0.005). The mortality rates were similar between two groups (P=0.597).Conclusions: Both EVO and RTO effectively controlled acute cardiofundal variceal bleeding. RTO was superior to EVO in preventing all-variceal and GV rebleeding after treatment, with similar survival outcomes.
Endoscopic sphincterotomy and endoscopic biliary stenting do not affect the sensitivity of transpapillary forceps biopsy for the diagnosis of bile duct adenocarcinoma
Authors: Aoki Toshinori , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Yamao Kentaro , Yamamura Takeshi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
[Background] The pathological evaluation of tissues with cholangitis is considered difficult, which can often occur after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a history of EST and EBS on the sensitivity of transpapillary forceps bile duct biopsy (TB) for bile duct adenocarcinoma.[Methods] This retrospective study included consecutive cases of bile duct adenocarcinoma in which TB was performed before July 2020 until the number exceeded that required to support statistical and noninferiority analyses of the sensitivity of TB between patients with and without each variable. The incidence of postprocedural adverse events related to each factor was also investigated.[Results] Overall, 280 samples were required in each group, and 437 subjects (792 samples) were included. The sensitivity of TB was 63.6% for the subjects and 59.6% for the biopsy samples. For the biopsy samples, the sensitivity did not differ significantly between samples from patients with and without a history of EST (59.1% vs. 58.9%, P=0.952) and EBS (62.1% vs. 55.4%, P=0.065). The sensitivity was significantly higher for samples from patients with jaundice (67.9% vs. 57.0%, P=0.008). There were significantly fewer procedure-related adverse events in patients with a history of EST (10.8% vs. 19.0%, P=0.017) and EBS (12.0% vs. 21.7%, P=0.005).[Conclusions] A history of EST or EBS did not influence sensitivity of TB but significantly decreased the incidence of adverse events. To safely and reliably perform TB to diagnose bile duct adenocarcinoma, planning, including for EST and EBS, is necessary.
GDF15 negatively regulates RGS16 involving in abnormal lipid metabolism in IVF-ET male mice offspring
Authors: Liu Jingliu , Zhu Yichen , Zhu Dan , Shi Yajun , Lu Likui , Li Weisheng , Li Lingjun , Zhou Xiuwen , Yang Hao , Wang Bin , Sun Miao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is now widely used as a routine assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure, and the long-term health outcomes of IVF-ET offspring are of great concern. A growing body of research suggests that children conceived through IVF-ET may be at increased risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Methods
An IVF-ET mouse model was established. Body weights and the principal organs were weighed, and organ/body weight indexes were calculated. The glucose metabolism levels were assessed by glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and pyruvate tolerance test (PTT). The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) technique was performed to determine the gene expression profiling in livers; HepG2 cells were transfected with either interfering RNA or overexpression plasmids to investigate the gene functions. mRNA and protein expression of relevant genes was verified by RT-qPCR and protein immunoblotting.
Results
Compared with the natural mating control group, male IVF-ET offspring showed: Higher body, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight; Disrupted glucolipid metabolism with abnormal GTT, ITT, and PTT; Significantly decreased GDF15 expression along with increased expression of RGS16. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT were significantly reduced in the IVF-ET group. In vitro HepG2 cell experiment showed that knockdown of GDF15 caused an abnormal increase in RGS16 expression and decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT, accompanied by increased lipid deposition; In contrast, overexpression of GDF15 reduced expression of RGS16. Simultaneous knockdown of both GDF15 and RGS16 reversed lipid deposition in HepG2 cells.
Conclusion
Down-regulation of GDF15 expression in liver tissues of IVF-ET male offspring results in elevated expression of RGS16, which causes the weakening of the downstream ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation pathways, leading to increased activity lipid deposition and abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver of IVF-ET male offspring. It is suggested that GDF15-RGS16-p-ERK1/2/p-AKT pathway plays a crucial role in liver lipid deposition in IVF-ET male offspring and could be a potential therapeutic target.
Sleep Pattern, Healthy Lifestyle and Colorectal Cancer Incidence
Authors: Chen Jie , Chen Nanqian , Huang Tao , Huang Ninghao , Zhuang Zhenhuang , Liang Hailun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Lifestyle factors have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The majority of previous studies did not consider the complex nature of sleep pattern. We aimed to examine the relationship between sleep pattern and CRC events.
Methods
The study included 502,504 individuals in the UK Biobank. A healthy sleep score was created by combining chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Healthy sleep factors were defined as sleep 7 to 8 h per day; never/rarely or sometimes insomnia symptoms; no snoring; no excessive daytime sleepiness. Healthy lifestyle scores were developed by combing physical activities, diet, drinking, smoking and obesity. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we computed hazard ratios (HRs) to examine the associations of the sleep patterns, healthy lifestyle with incidence of CRC.
Results
The healthy sleep score was inversely associated with CRC events. The HRs for CRC were 0.884 (95% CI, 0.863–0.906) and 0.927 (95% CI, 0.899–0.956) for a 1-point increase in the healthy sleep score among males and females. When analyzing sleep components, sleeping 7 to 8 h/d, no frequent insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent daytime sleepiness were independently associated with 10%, 14%, 11%, and 14% lower risk of CRC. Healthy lifestyle scores were also inversely associated with the incidence of CRC across all models.
Conclusions
Sleep pattern and lifestyle were significantly correlated with the risk of CRC. The healthier the lifestyle and sleep pattern were, the lower the CRC risk was.