bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond 100 Gbit/s Pipeline Decoders for Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes
Authors: Herrmann Matthias , Wehn Norbert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLow-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a well-established class of forward error correction codes that provide excellent error correction performance for large code block sizes. However, for throughputs toward 1 Tbit/s, as expected for B5G systems, state-of-the-art LDPC soft decoders are restricted to short code block sizes of several hundred to thousands of bits due to routing congestion challenges, limiting the overall communications performance of the transmission system. Spatially coupled LDPC (SC-LDPC) codes and respective sliding window decoding methods show the potential to overcome these block size restrictions. However, in contrast to conventional LDPC codes little literature exists on the efficient hardware implementation of respective high-throughput decoders. In this work, we present the first in-depth investigation on the implementation of SC-LDPC decoders for throughputs beyond 100 Gbit/s. For an $$N=51328$$

N
=
51328

, $$R=0.8$$

R
=
0.8

terminated SC-LDPC code with sub-block size $$c=640$$

c
=
640

and coupling width $$m_s=1$$

m
s

=
1

, we explore various design trade-offs, including row- and column-wise decoding, non-overlapping and overlapping window scheduling, and processor pipelining. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a column-wise SC-LDPC decoding architecture in the literature. We complement the algorithmic investigation with the virtual silicon implementation of all presented decoders in a 22nm FD-SOI technology.
A beam broadening method for phased arrays in wireless communications
Authors: Fonteneau Corentin , Crussière Matthieu , Jahan Bruno 
Published: September 2022

Abstract5G and IEEE 802.11ay introduce the use of the millimeter band as one promising solution to provide broadband wireless communication at multi-Gb/s user data rate. Due to the severe path-loss at such frequencies, it is generally assumed that large antenna arrays are used at the base station to steer narrow beams and build highly directional communication links towards the terminal points. However, broader and less directional beams are also of high interest in some of the steps involved in the establishment or the maintenance of the communication links . Indeed, search of a large area by narrow beams becomes too time consuming and link outage becomes more critical, thus affecting the latency and the robustness of the communications. A method enabling an adaptation of the beam widths is then worthwhile to consider. In this article, we investigate how narrow beams naturally produced by large antenna arrays can be broadened to adapt the beam width to a desired angular sector. We consider that the multi-antenna processing is performed by phase shifters on the radio-frequency stage since fully digital beamforming is hardly feasible in practice at such high frequencies. The main idea of our systematic phase-only beam broadening technique relies on the determination of a quadratic phase excitation law from a desired beam width and steering angle. We first lead a thorough analysis of the radiation behavior regarding the coefficients of such quadratic excitation. We then propose a calculation method for determining the polynomial coefficients as a function of the desired beam width and steering angle. This non-iterative beam broadening method is described for boresight and non-boresight directions and is intended for discrete antenna arrays.
A log linear Poisson autoregressive model to understand COVID-19 dynamics in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Salem Mubarak 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
On March 2, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 infection in Saudi Arabia was identified and announced by the health authorities. From first week of March, the number of new confirmed COVID-cases has gradually increased, reaching 2932 confirmed cases on April 9, 2020. A period of increasing infection cases was noticed in June and July 2020. Many methods have been taken to model and predict the new confirmed cases of COVID-19, such as the traditional time series forecasting method and other several methods.

Results
We present two statistical models, namely the log linear autoregressive Poisson model and the ARIMA model. The COVID-19 infectious dynamics were evaluated using models in Saudi Arabia, which can affect health, economics, finance, and other fields. We applied both models to daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 count time series data. Moreover, we compare the log linear Poisson autoregressive model with the automatic ARIMA model.

Conclusions
The result of this study showed that a log linear Poisson Autoregressive model gives better forecasting and the predicted results of the log linear Poisson Autoregressive model can be used as the baseline for additional interference to avoid future COVID-19 pandemic incidents. Moreover, the application of a log linear Poisson Autoregressive can be comprehensive to other cases in Saudi Arabia.
Effects of Goal-Directed Hemodynamic Therapy Using a Noninvasive Finger-Cuff Monitoring Device on Intraoperative Cerebral Oxygenation and Early Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Patients Undergoing Beach Chair Position Shoulder Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Chen-Tse , Lin Chih-Peng , Chan Kuang-Cheng , Wu Yi-Luen , Teng Hsiao-Chun , Wu Chun-Yu 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Perioperative cerebral desaturation events (CDEs) and delayed neurocognitive recovery are common among patients undergoing beach chair position (BCP) shoulder surgery and may be caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. This study tested the hypothesis that the application of goal-directed hemodynamic therapy (GDHT) would attenuate these conditions.

METHODS:
We randomly assigned 70 adult patients undergoing BCP shoulder surgery to GDHT group or control at a 1:1 ratio. Cerebral oxygenation was monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy, and GDHT was administered using the ClearSight pulse wave analysis system. The primary outcome was CDE duration, whereas the secondary outcomes were CDE occurrence, delayed neurocognitive recovery occurrence, and Taiwanese version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci-TW) test score on the first postoperative day (T2) adjusted for the baseline score (on the day before surgery; T1).

RESULTS:
CDE duration was significantly shorter in the GDHT group (0 [0–0] vs 15 [0–75] min; median difference [95% confidence interval], −8 [−15 to 0] min; P = .007). Compared with the control group, fewer patients in the GDHT group experienced CDEs (23% vs 51%; relative risk [95% confidence interval], 0.44 [0.22–0.89]; P = .025) and mild delayed neurocognitive recovery (17% vs 40%; relative risk [95% confidence interval], 0.60 [0.39–0.93]; P = .034). The Qmci-TW scores at T2 adjusted for the baseline scores at T1 were significantly higher in the GDHT group (difference in means: 4 [0–8]; P = .033).

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementing GDHT using a noninvasive finger-cuff monitoring device stabilizes intraoperative cerebral oxygenation and is associated with improved early postoperative cognitive scores in patients undergoing BCP shoulder surgery.
Social Spending and Educational Gaps in Infant Health in the United States, 1998–2017
Authors: Jackson Margot I. , Rauscher Emily , Burns Ailish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent expansions of child tax, food assistance, and health insurance programs have made American families’ need for a robust social safety net highly evident, while researchers and policymakers continue to debate the best way to support families via the welfare state. How much do children—and which children—benefit from social spending? Using the State-by-State Spending on Kids Dataset, linked to National Vital Statistics System birth data from 1998 to 2017, we examine how state-level child spending affects infant health across maternal education groups. We find that social spending has benefits for both low birth weight and preterm birth rates, especially among babies born to mothers with less than a high school education. The stronger benefits of social spending among lower educated families lead to meaningful declines in educational gaps in infant health as social spending increases. Our findings are consistent with the idea that a strong local welfare state benefits infant health and increases equality of opportunity, and that spending on nonhealth programs is equally beneficial for infant health as investments in health programs.
Occurrence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Postoperative Ischemia After Glioma Resection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: van der Boog Arthur T. J. , Rados Matea , Akkermans Annemarie , Dankbaar Jan Willem , Kizilates Ufuk , Snijders Tom J. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Verhoeff Joost J. C. , Hoff Reinier G. , Robe Pierre A. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative ischemia can lead to neurological deficits and is a known complication of glioma resection. There is inconsistency in documented incidence of ischemia after glioma resection, and the precise cause of ischemia is often unknown.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the incidence of postoperative ischemia and neurological deficits after glioma resection and to evaluate their association with potential risk factors.

METHODS:
One hundred thirty-nine patients with 144 surgeries between January 2012 and September 2014 for World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 grade II-IV diffuse supratentorial gliomas with postoperative MRI within 72 hours were retrospectively included. Patient, tumor, and perioperative data were extracted from the electronic patient records. Occurrence of postoperative confluent ischemia, defined as new confluent areas of diffusion restriction, and new or worsened neurological deficits were analyzed univariably and multivariably using logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
Postoperative confluent ischemia was found in 64.6% of the cases. Occurrence of confluent ischemia was associated with an insular location (P = .042) and intraoperative administration of vasopressors (P = .024) in multivariable analysis. Glioma location in the temporal lobe was related to an absence of confluent ischemia (P = .01). Any new or worsened neurological deficits occurred in 30.6% and 20.9% at discharge from the hospital and at first follow-up, respectively. Occurrence of ischemia was significantly associated with the presence of novel neurological deficits at discharge (P = .013) and after 3 months (P = .024).

CONCLUSION:
Postoperative ischemia and neurological deficit were significantly correlated. Intraoperative administration of vasopressors, insular glioma involvement, and absence of temporal lobe involvement were significantly associated with postoperative ischemia.
EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA E TECNOLOGIAS: ENFOQUES TEÓRICOS-METODOLÓGICOS NA CULTURA DIGITAL
Authors: Oliveira Carloney Alves de 
Published: September 2022

É com orgulho e admiração pela ReDoC, que apresentamos este editorial intitulado “Educação Matemática e Tecnologias: enfoques teóricos-metodológicos na cultura digital”. Justifica-se a escolha do tema para este número temático, o desafio de refletir sobre a importância da Educação Matemática no cenário das Tecnologias nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, que nos remete a compreender sobre as possibilidades e potencialidades que esse binário possui para produzir significados nestes espaços, dentro e fora da escola, para a reorganização do pensamento matemático relativo às mudanças curriculares, buscando encarar desafios, numa construção coletiva de conhecimento científico. Os artigos que compõem este número temático proporcionaram espaços para a construção do saber ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, a fim de que os sujeitos envolvidos pudessem construir conceitos matemáticos, e produzirem significados nas suas aulas, buscando ressaltar os valores e atitudes de um profissional crítico-reflexivo.
Optimize performance of a diffractive neural network by controlling the Fresnel number
Authors: Zheng Minjia , Shi Lei , Zi Jian 
Published: September 2022

To achieve better performance of a diffractive deep neural network, increasing its spatial complexity (neurons and layers) is commonly used. Subject to physical laws of optical diffraction, a deeper diffractive neural network (DNN) would be more difficult to implement, and the development of DNN is limited. In this work, we found controlling the Fresnel number can increase DNN’s capability of expression and its spatial complexity is even less. DNN with only one phase modulation layer was proposed and experimentally realized at 515 nm. With the optimal Fresnel number, the single-layer DNN reached a maximum accuracy of 97.08% in the handwritten digits recognition task.
Attention and social communication skills of very preterm infants after training attention control: Bayesian analyses of a feasibility study
Authors: Perra Oliver , Alderdice Fiona , Sweet David , McNulty Alison , Johnston Matthew , Bilello Delfina , Papageorgiou Kostas , Wass Sam 
Published: September 2022

Background
Very preterm (VP) infants (born 28 to <32 weeks of gestation) are at risk of cognitive delays and lower educational attainments. These risks are linked to anomalies in attention and information processing that emerge in the first years of life. Early interventions targeting attention functioning may equip VP infants with key building blocks for later attainments.

Methods
We tested the feasibility of a randomised trial where VP infants took part in a computerised cognitive procedure to train attention control. Ten healthy VP infants aged approximately 12 months (corrected age) and randomly allocated with 1:1 ratio to the training (interactive computerised presentations) or an active control procedure completed the study. Before and after the training programme, participating infants completed a battery of screen-based attention tests, naturalistic attention and communication tasks, and temperament assessments. In a previous study we analysed the data concerning feasibility (e.g. recruitment and retention). In the paper presented here we considered the infants’ performance and used Bayesian regression in order to provide credible treatment estimates considering the data collected.

Results
Estimates indicate moderate treatment effects in visual memory: compared to controls, trained infants displayed improvements equivalent to 0.59 SD units. Trained infants also improved in their abilities to attend to less salient stimuli presentations by 0.82 SD units, compared to controls. However, results did not indicate relevant gains in attention habituation or disengagement. We also reported moderate improvements in focused attention during naturalistic tasks, and in directing other people’s attention to shared objects.

Discussion
The results warrant further investigation concerning the effectiveness of training attention control in VP infants, extending this line of research beyond our small and homogeneous sample of healthy VP infants. This study also emphasises the utility of Bayesian approaches in estimating potentially relevant effects in small samples or exploratory studies. The scope for further research on early attention control training is discussed in light of studies indicating VP children’s susceptibility to positive environmental inputs.

Trial registration
Registration ID: NCT03896490. Retrospectively registered at Clinical Trials Protocol Registration and Results System (clinicaltrials.gov).
Inequities in quality perinatal care in the United States during pregnancy and birth after cesarean
Authors: Ibrahim Bridget Basile , Vedam Saraswathi , Illuzzi Jessica , Cheyney Melissa , Kennedy Holly Powell 
Published: September 2022

Objective
High-quality, respectful maternity care has been identified as an important birth process and outcome. However, there are very few studies about experiences of care during a pregnancy and birth after a prior cesarean in the U.S. We describe quantitative findings related to quality of maternity care from a mixed methods study examining the experience of considering or seeking a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in the U.S.

Methods
Individuals with a history of cesarean and recent (≤ 5 years) subsequent birth were recruited through social media groups to complete an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, birth history, and validated measures of respectful maternity care (Mothers on Respect Index; MORi) and autonomy in maternity care (Mother’s Autonomy in Decision Making Scale; MADM).

Results
Participants (N = 1711) representing all 50 states completed the questionnaire; 87% planned a vaginal birth after cesarean. The most socially-disadvantaged participants (those less educated, living in a low-income household, with Medicaid insurance, and those participants who identified as a racial or ethnic minority) and participants who had an obstetrician as their primary provider, a male provider, and those who did not have a doula were significantly overrepresented in the group who reported lower quality maternity care. In regression analyses, individuals identified as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) were less likely to experience autonomy and respect compared to white participants. Participants with a midwife provider were more than 3.5 times more likely to experience high quality maternity care compared to those with an obstetrician.

Conclusion
Findings highlight inequities in the quality of maternal and newborn care received by birthing people with marginalized identities in the U.S. They also indicate the importance of increasing access to midwifery care as a strategy for reducing inequalities in care and associated poor outcomes.
Safety and feasibility of continuous ketamine infusion for analgosedation in medical and cardiac ICU patients who received mechanical ventilation support: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jung Hohyung , Lee Jihye , Ahn Hyun Young , Yang Jeong Hoon , Suh Gee Young , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Chung Chi Ryang 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo assess the effect of continuous ketamine administration in patients admitted to medical and cardiac intensive care units (ICUs) and received mechanical ventilation support.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study between March 2012 and June 2020 at an academy-affiliated tertiary hospital. Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation support for over 24 h and continuous ketamine infusion for at least 8 h were included. The primary outcome was immediate hemodynamic safety after continuous ketamine infusion. The secondary outcomes included immediate delirium, pain, and use of sedation.ResultsOf all 12,534 medical and cardiac ICU patients, 564 were eligible for the analysis. Ketamine was used for 33.3 (19.0–67.5) h and the median continuous infusion dose was 0.11 (0.06–0.23) mcg/kg/h. Of all patients, 469 (83.2%) received continuous ketamine infusion concomitant with analgosedation. Blood pressure and vasopressor inotropic scores did not change after continuous ketamine infusion. Heart rate decreased significantly from 106.9 (91.4–120.9) at 8 h before ketamine initiation to 99.8% (83.9–114.4) at 24 h after ketamine initiation. In addition, the respiratory rate decreased from 21.7 (18.6–25.4) at 8 h before ketamine initiation to 20.1 (17.0–23.0) at 24 h after ketamine initiation. Overall opioid usage was significantly reduced: 3.0 (0.0–6.0) mcg/kg/h as fentanyl equivalent dose at 8 h before ketamine initiation to 1.0 (0.0–4.1) mcg/kg/h as fentanyl equivalent dose at 24 h post-ketamine initiation. However, the use of sedatives and antipsychotic medications did not decrease. In addition, ketamine did not increase the incidence of delirium within 24 h after ketamine infusion.ConclusionKetamine may be a safe and feasible analgesic for medical and cardiac ICU patients who received mechanical ventilation support as an opioid-sparing agent without adverse hemodynamic effects.
Objective and subjective measures of sleep in men with Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Morse Christopher I. , Onambele-Pearson Gladys , Edwards Bryn , Wong Sze Choong , Jacques Matthew F. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Despite poor sleep quality being recognised in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, reports from milder forms of Muscular Dystrophy (MD), and accompanied associations with quality of life (QoL), pain and fatigue, remain limited however.

Methods
Adult males (n = 15 Beckers MD (BMD), n = 12 Limb-Girdle MD (LGMD), n = 12 Fascioscapulohumeral (FSHD), n = 14 non-MD (CTRL)) completed assessments of body composition (Bio-electrical impedance), sleep (7-day 24-hour tri-axial accelerometer, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index, QoL (SF36-v2), pain (Visual analogue scale), fatigue (Modified Fatigue Index Scale) and functional assessments (Brookes and Vignos).

Results
FSHD and BMD reported worse sleep than CTRL on the PSQI. FSHD scored worse than CTRL on the Insomnia Severity Index (P<0.05). 25–63% and 50–81% of adults with MD reported poor sleep quality using the Insomnia Severity Index and PSQI, respectively. Accelerometery identified no difference in sleep quality between groups. Associations were identified between sleep measures (PSQI global and insomnia severity) with mental or physical QoL in LGMD, BMD and FSHD. Multiple regression identified associations between sleep impairment and fatigue severity (all MDs), body composition (BMD & LGMD), upper and lower limb function (LGMD, FSHD) and age (FSHD).

Conclusions
25–81% of men with MD, depending on classification, experience sleep impairment, using self-report sleep measures. Whilst BMD and FSHD showed worse sleep outcomes than CTRL, no group difference was observed between LGMD and CTRL, however all groups showed associations with sleep impairment and higher levels of fatigue. These findings, and associations with measures of health and wellbeing, highlight an area for further research which could impact QoL in adults with MD.