bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change poses significant risks to maize production over the Great Lakes region
Authors: Deng ziwang , Yuan Pei , Liu Jinliang , Zhu Huaiping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Climate change significantly affects global and regional agriculture production thus food security. There are currently large areas suitable for maize production in the regions surrounding the Great Lakes (the Great Lakes region, GLR), one of the major maize production regions and economic engines in North America and the world. Will the GLR remain its high-yield under the future climate change? In this study, we use the climate change risk assessment platform CLIMADA to quantify the maize production associated risks over the GLR in the 2050s (2040-2069) and 2080s (2070-2099) under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios RCP 2.6 and the RCP 6.0. The updated gridded global maize production, land use and the large ensemble of maize yield projections generated by the ISIMIP are used in this study. The results show that in the current maize production areas, the total loss could reach 7.143 million tons (MT)/year in the 2050s and 0.897 MT/year in the 2080s under the RCP 2.6; and even more losses are projected under the RCP 6.0, which could reach 8.472 MT/year in the 2050s and 20.571 MT/ in the 2080s. Based on current global maize price in US dollars, these losses could be $2.4 billion/year, $301 million/year, $2.83 billion/year and $6.91 billion/year, respectively. Maize production in most states and provinces in the Great Lakes region may drop by more than 7% by the end of this century under RCP 6.0. The production could drop more than 10% for some years or decades due to the additive effect of long-term warming and extreme annual and decadal climate variability. Sustained maize price increases and high price volatility could translate such risks to maize production into risks to food security and many other sectors of the local, regional and global economies. As the usage of maize continues to increase, the loss in maize production could continue resulting in more significant risks on food security and the economy. Our results also show a north-ward shift to higher latitudes in the maize growing areas, which implies that some of the current low-yield regions in the north could see a significant yield increase that may make up for some losses in the current high-yield areas in the south. Results from this study could provide guidance to various jurisdictions for their climate change adaptation/ mitigation practices.
Surfactant Protein A Attenuates Generalized and Localized Neuroinflammation In Neonatal Mice
Authors: Crocker Caroline E. , Sharmeen Romana , Tran Thu T. , Khan Amir M. , Alcorn Joseph L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Surfactant protein A (SP-A) has important roles in innate immunity, attenuation of pulmonary inflammation and modulation of extrapulmonary inflammation. SP-A has been detected in rat and human brain, but its function in the central nervous system is untested. Our objective was to determine whether SP-A has a role in modulating inflammation in the neonatal mouse brain.
Methods: Neonatal wildtype (WT) and SP-A-deficient (SP-A-/-) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to three models of brain inflammation: sepsis through intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) through intraventricular injection of hemoglobin and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) through unilateral carotid artery ligation and hypoxia. Following treatment, RNA was isolated from brain tissue and expression of cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, TNF-α, and IL-10) mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Expression of SP-A mRNA in mouse brain was determined by RT-PCR analysis.
Results: In the sepsis model, levels of most cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in WT and SP-A-/- mouse brain tissue subjected to LPS injection compared to saline control, and all cytokine mRNA levels were significantly greater in SP-A-/- mouse brain tissue compared to WT. In the IVH model, all cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in WT and SP-A-/- brain tissue subjected to intraventricular hemoglobin injection compared to saline control, and levels of cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mouse brain tissue compared to WT. In the HIE model, only TNF-a mRNA levels were significantly increased in WT brain tissue subjected to carotid artery ligation compared to sham + hypoxia control, but most cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mouse brain tissue and all cytokine mRNA levels were significantly higher in SP-A-/- mouse brain tissue compared to WT. SP-A mRNA was not detectable in brain tissue of adult WT mice nor of WT neonates subjected to the neuroinflammatory models.
Conclusions: In neonatal mice subjected to models of neuroinflammation, cytokine mRNA expression was significantly greater in SP-A-/- brain tissue compared to WT. These results suggest that SP-A-/- mice are more susceptible to generalized and localized neuroinflammation than WT mice, thus supporting the hypothesis that SP-A attenuates inflammation in the neonatal mouse brain.
A deep-learning system for automatic detection of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures at thoracolumbar junction using low-dose computed tomography images
Authors: Niu Xinyi , Yan Wenming , Li Xinyu , Huang Yilin , Chen Jiwu , Mu Guangrui , Li Jianying , Jiao Xijun , Zhao Zhifu , Jing Wenfeng , Guo Jianxin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose: To develop a deep-learning system for automatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) detection at the thoracolumbar junction using low-dose computed tomography (CT) images.
Materials and methods: 500 individuals were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 270 normal and 230 OVCF cases. The cases were divided into the training, validation, and test sets in the ratio of 6:2:2. First, a localization model using Faster R-CNN was trained to identify and locate the target thoracolumbar junction, then a 3D AnatomyNet model was trained to finely segment the target vertebrae in the localized image. Finally, 3D DenseNet model was applied for detecting OVCF on target vertebrae. Manual annotation by experienced radiologists and a clinically made diagnosis of OVCF were used as the gold standards. The performance of the detecting system was evaluated through the area under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV).
Results Our automated segmentation method achieved a mean Dice coefficient of 0.95 for vertebral bodies (T12-L2) segmentation on the testing dataset, with dice coefficients greater than 0.9 accounting for 96.6%. For the diagnostic performance of our system for OVCF, the AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for the four-fold cross-validation on the testing dataset were 98.1%, 95.7%, 92.6%, 91.7% and 96.2%, respectively.
Conclusions A deep-learning system has been developed to automatically segment vertebral bodies and accurately detect OVCF using low-dose CT.
Near-wall turbulence and wall-shear-stress measurements using volumetric μPTV
Authors: Fuchs Thomas , Bross Matthew , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Accurately determining the wall-shear-stress, τw , experimentally is challenging due to small spatial scales and large velocity gradients present in the near-wall region of turbulent flows. To avoid these resolution requirements, several indirect iterative fitting methods, most notably the Clauser chart method, exist for determining τw by fitting the mean velocity profile further away from the near-wall region in the log-law layer. These methods often require proper selection of fitting constants, assumptions of a canonical flow state, and other empirical based generalizations. To reduce the amount of ambiguity, determining the near-wall velocity gradient by assuming a linear relationship between the mean streamwise velocity and wall normal distance in the viscous sublayer can be used. However, this requires an accurate unbiased measurement of the near wall velocity profile in the region below five viscous spatial units, which can be less than 50 μm for high Reynolds number flows. Therefore, in this study a method for a volumetric defocusing micro particle tracking velocimetry method is presented that is capable of resolving the flow in the viscous sublayer of a turbulent boundary layer up to Ue = 44.7 m/s (Reθ = 27250). This method allows for the measurement of the near-wall flow through a single optical access for illumination and imaging and serves as an excellent complement of larger scale measurements that require near-wall information. The τw values determined from defocusing approach was found to be in good agreement values obtained from a simultaneous parallax PTV measurement. Furthermore, analysis of the diagnostic plot and cumulative distribution of measured fluctuations in the near-wall region, showed that both methods are capable of accurately determining mean velocity and fluctuation profiles in the self-similar viscous sublayer region.
Two major quantitative trait loci control wheat dwarf virus resistance in four related winter wheat populations
Authors: Buerstmayr Maria , Buerstmayr Hermann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is among the most damaging viral pathogens. Its prevalence has increased substantially in recent years and it is predicted to increase even further due to global warming. There are limited options to control the virus. Growing resistant cultivars would safeguard crops, but most current wheat cultivars are highly susceptible. Thus, the aim of this study was to dissect the genetic architecture of WDV resistance in resistant germplasm and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) to support resistance breeding. QTL mapping was conducted using four related populations comprising 168, 105, 99 and 130 recombinant inbred lines. Populations were evaluated under field conditions for three years. Natural infestation was provoked by early autumn sowing. WDV symptom severity was visually assessed at two time points in spring resulting in highly reproducible phenotypic data. QTL analysis revealed two highly significant QTL with the major QTL Qwdv.ifa-6Amapping to the long arm of chromosome 6A between markers Tdurum_contig75700_411 (601,412,152 bp) and AX-95197581 (605,868,853 bp). Qwdv.ifa-6A descends from the Dutch experimental line SVP-72017 and was of high effect in all populations, explaining up to 73.9% of the phenotypic variance. The second QTL, Qwdv.ifa-1B, mapped to chromosome 1B and is putatively associated with the 1RS.1BL translocation, which was contributed by the CIMMYT line CM-82036. Qwdv.ifa-1B explained up to 15.8% of the phenotypic variance. Qwdv.ifa-6A and Qwdv.ifa-1B are among the first identified highly effective resistance QTL and represent valuable resources for improving WDV resistance in wheat.
Maroon women still grow rice varieties named after their ancestors who hid seeds in their hair when they escaped slavery in Suriname.
Authors: Andel Tinde van , Maat Harro , Pinas Nicholaas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Given the few written documents left behind by those who escaped slavery, the analysis of African agency in the transfer of crops and knowledge in the successful establishment of Maroon communities benefits from other disciplines, such as oral history, ethnobotany and linguistics. Here we report the histories of several enslaved women, who escaped in the early periods of slave rebellion in Suriname. They played a crucial role in ensuring food security for their runaway communities by bringing rice seeds hidden in their hair. We combined information from ethnobotanical surveys, Maroon oral history, archival documents and published accounts to show how Maroon farmers safeguard their agricultural diversity and cultural heritage by cultivating rice varieties that still carry the names of their female ancestors who took along these seeds during their flight to freedom. We trace the routes of the Saramaccan ancestors Sééi, Yaya and Paánza, Tjowa of the Matawai, Sapali, Ana and Bapi of the Aucans, and describe the rice varieties named after them. The legends of these female ancestors acknowledge the importance of women in Maroon survival. Maroon women’s agricultural knowledge probably contains much more neglected oral history on how their ancestors obtained food crops from plantations or Amerindians.
Eye understand: physiological measures as novel predictors of adaptive learning
Authors: Evans Louise , Cameron-Whytock Heather , Ijichi Carrie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Reversal learning is facilitated by tonic firing of midbrain striatal dopamine and through phasic striatal dopamine release, thought to be reflected by Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate (SEBR). Arousal during learning has also been associated with performance. This study aimed to investigate whether SEBR and arousal predict learning performance during reversal learning. Twenty horses completed a reversal learning task. Performance was measured using a Reversal Learning Performance Index. SEBR was measured at rest and during learning as a proxy of tonic and phasic striatal dopamine respectively. Heart rate variability (RMSSD) and Infrared Thermography of eye temperature (IRT) were measured as indicators of arousal. SEBR did not change in response to reversal learning but RMSSD was higher (p = 0.008) and IRT decreased during trials (left eye: p = 0.002; right eye: p = 0.05). A negative binomial GLM was able to predict performance (p < 0.0005). Baseline RMSSD was associated with higher performance following an inverted U-shaped association (p = 0.04) consistent with a Yerkes-Dodson relationship. SEBR did not predict learning performance. Increased left eye temperature predicted higher performance (p = 0.0003). This is consistent with lateralised blood flow to the left brain hemisphere (responsible for learning targeted responses) and thought to be the first observation of this phenomenon during learning.
Placental abruption and neonatal anemia
Authors: Tweddell Sarah , Bahr Timothy , Henry Erick , Page Jessica , Ilstrup Sarah , Ohls Robin , Christensen Robert 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Placental abruption can cause maternal blood loss and maternal anemia. It is less certain whether abruption can cause fetal blood loss and neonatal anemia.
STUDY DESIGN:
Retrospective multi-hospital 24-month analysis of women with placental abruption and their neonates.
RESULTS
Of 55 111 births, 678 (1.2%) had confirmed abruption; 83% of these neonates (564) had one or more hemoglobins recorded in the first 24 hours. Four-hundred-seventy-two (83.7%) had a normal hemoglobin (≥ 5th % reference interval) while 92 (16.3%) had anemia, relative risk 3.26 (95% CI, 2.66–4.01) vs. >360 000 neonates from previous reference interval reports. The relative risk of severe anemia (< 1st % interval) was 4.96 (3.44–7.16). When the obstetrician identified the abruption as “small” or “marginal” the risk of anemia was insignificant.
CONCLUSIONS
Most abruptions do not cause neonatal anemia but approximately 16% do. If an abruption is not documented as small, it is important to surveille the neonate for anemia.
Development of a reliable DNA method for quality control of Glehnia littoralis and its industrial extracts
Authors: Lin Mengchen , Wang Hongtao , Yu Qiaoning , Wang Dandan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As a medicinal and edible plant, Glehnia littoralis has been widely recognized for its comprehensive nutritional properties and pharmaceutical effects, but it has also been the target of fraudulent practices. To overcome the difficulties in unanimous polymorphism exploitation of the adulterants and DNA degradation of industrial extracts, ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-F gene sequences were targeted for molecular analysis. Based on the developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, two species-specific PCR systems were respectively established and proved to be effective for molecular discrimination of G. littoralis from its adulterants. The SNP marker exploited in trnL-F region was able to detect 0.1% of intentional adulteration of genomic DNA with a detection limit of 0.01 ng, and it is effective for botanical origin authentication of G. littoralis industrial extracts either in single or mixed plant samples. Compared with the other molecular protocols so far used, the established DNA method enabled the accurate authentication and standardization of routine work for quality control of G. littoralis and its industrial products.
Sleep quality and temperament in association with autism spectrum disorder among infants in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Kikuchi Kimiyo , Michikawa Takehiro , Morokuma Seiichi , Hamada Norio , Suetsugu Yoshiko , Nakahara Kazushige , Kato Kiyoko , Ochiai Masayuki , Shibata Eiji , Tsuji Mayumi , Shimono Masayuki , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Ohga Shouichi , Kusuhara Koichi , Group the Japan Environment and Children’s Study 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sleep problems and irritable temperaments are common among infants with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The prospective association between such sleep problems and irritable temperaments and ASDs needs to be determined for elucidating the mechanism and exploring the future intervention study. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether sleep quality and temperament in 1-month-old infants are associated with the onset of ASDs in 3-year-old children. We also assessed its sex-stratified associations. We conducted a longitudinal study using data from 69,751 mothers and infants from a large-cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. We examined the prospective association between infant sleep quality and temperament at 1 month of age and ASD diagnosis by 3 years of age. Infants with longer daytime sleep had a higher risk of later ASD than those with shorter daytime sleep (risk ratio [RR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.75). Infants who experienced intense crying had a higher risk of ASD than those who did not (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00–1.72). There was a difference in sex in the association between a bad mood and later ASD. In particular, female infants experiencing bad moods had a higher risk of ASD than others (RR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.91–6.75). The study findings provide important information for future intervention to reduce the risk of future ASD.
Effect of Blood Hemoperfusion Therapy in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery：a retrospective observational study
Authors: Wang Juxiang , Chen Bin , Xie Junhao , Chen Huilong , Li Lihua , Zhang Weiqun , Lu Lin , Wu Xijie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Although hemoperfusion is considered an efficient technique of removal specific solutes in inflammatory states, there is no established indications for triggered treatment. This study aimed to evaluate whether the adding of a new hemoperfusion cartridge (HA-380) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) surgery is associated with an attenuation of inflammatory response and improvement in organ function.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on patients with ATAAD undergoing central repair between March 2021 and February 2022 at a Regional Medical Center Hospital of Southeast China. Patients received regular CPB during operation in the first 8 months (first half of the period) and received HA-380 cartridge adding in CPB circuit in the rest 8 months (second half). Patients were received intensive care therapy in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit (ICU) postoperatively. The primary outcomes were interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels during the perioperative period. The secondary outcomes were major complications included postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Results

Among the 173 ATAAD patients received central repair during the study period, 121 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria, with 59 patients in the CON group and 62 patients in the HP group. Disease severity was similar between the two groups. The serum IL-6 values were increased rapidly postoperatively compared symptom onset and were lower in HP group than in CON group (146.13pg/ml vs. 205.73pg/ml, P = 0.020). The incidence of postoperative AKI and severe ARDS were lower in HP group (25.4% vs. 44.6%, P = 0.001), and (18.3% vs. 35.1%, P = 0.04). The incidence rate ratio (RR) for AKI and severe ARDS were 0.57 (95% CI 0.35–0.79; p = 0.012) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.28–0.92; p = 0.043) in HP group compared to CON group.

Conclusions

The use of HA380 to CPB circuit was associated with significantly attenuated IL-6 level and reduced major complications, AKI and severe ARDS after ATAAD surgery.
The role of the MOG and MTG in speech recovery of patients with hearing loss: a case study
Authors: Lee Yujun , Chen Maoqing , Zhang Wenjia , Zhang Yanlong , Wang Yang , Yan Hao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Previous studies show that infants perceive speech left-hemisphere dominantly like adults, but the development of the language brain network in infants is given less attention. Here we show that functional connectivity (FC) with the whole brain in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and the middle occipital gyrus(MOG) plays different roles in language development. Two experiments were performed in the present study. In Experiment 1, activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was employed to identify which brain areas are correlated with the speech outcomes of CI users.Based on the convergent findings, a case study (Experiment 2) was performed with foot reflexological stimulation. Using rs-fMRI, the change of MTG and MOG FC caused by reflexological foot stimulation was examined before age of 3 months and after the age of 6 and 9 months. Compared with control groups, the MTG FC of the infant in the case study is more significantly increased, whereas MOG FC in control is significantly less increased. This suggests MTG and MOG networks play different roles in language development. The increase of MTG FC is linked to good speech perception development, while increased MOG FC indicates poor speech perception development. Our study also shows that the functional status of the MOG and MTG may be used topredict the recovery of speech in CI users.