bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and the eye: Systemic and laboratory risk factors for retinopathy and detection of tear film SARS-CoV-2 RNA with a triplex RT-PCR assay
Authors: Shantha Jessica G. , Fashina Tolulope , Stittleburg Victoria , Randleman Casey , Ward Laura , Regueiro Matt , Krakow David , Linderman Susanne L. , Drews-Botsch Carolyn , Ahmed Rafi , Waggoner Jesse , Yeh Steven 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo assess hospitalized COVID-19 inpatients for the prevalence of retinopathy and tear film SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and associated risk factors for their detection.MethodsHospitalized COVID-19 patients underwent dilated ophthalmic examination and fundus photography. Conjunctival swabs were assessed for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR via a triple target assay. We assessed the relationships of retinopathy with clinical outcomes, systemic risk factors and laboratory data.ResultsThe median age was 59.5 years and 29 (48%) were female. Retinopathy associated with COVID-19 was observed in 12 of 60 patients (20%). The median age of patients with COVID-19 retinopathy was 51.5 compared to 62.5 years in individuals without retinopathy (p = 0.01). Median BMI was 34.3 in patients with retinopathy versus 30.9 in those without retinopathy (p = 0.04). Fifteen of 60 patients (25%) tested SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive in their tear film without a relationship with timing of illness and hospitalization. The N2 gene was particularly sensitive with 18 of 19 eyes (94.7%) showing N2-positivity, including 2 patients with alpha variant-positivity (B.1.1.7).ConclusionRetinopathy was observed in 20% of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Patients with retinopathy were more likely to be younger and have higher BMI than hospitalized patients without retinopathy. Tear film SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 25% of patients. The relationship of obesity and age with retinopathy requires further investigation.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career dementia researchers: A global online survey
Authors: Bartels Sara Laureen , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Brum Wagner S. , Welikovitch Lindsay A. , Folarin Royhaan , Smith Adam ,   on behalf of the ISTAART PIA to Elevate Early Career Researchers
Published: November 2022

Introduction
The World Health Organization recognizes dementia as a public health priority and highlights research as an action to respond to the consequences, with early career dementia researchers (ECDRs) representing the key driving force. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, biomedical and psychosocial dementia research was strained worldwide. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the pandemic on ECDRs.

Methods
In autumn 2021, the Alzheimer’s Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment (ISTAART) Professional Interest Area to Elevate Early Career Researchers (PEERs) and University College London conducted an online survey querying ECDRs’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was shared through the ISTAART network, social media, podcasts, and emailing lists. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results
Survey data from n = 321 ECDRs from 34 countries were analyzed (67.6% women; 78.8% working in academia). Overall, 77.8% of ECDRs surveyed indicated research delays, 53.9% made project adjustments, 37.9% required additional or extended funding, and 41.8% reported a negative impact on career progression. Moreover, 19.9% felt unsupported by their institutions and employers (33% felt well supported, 42.7% somewhat supported). ECDR’s conference attendance remained the same (26.5%) or increased (More: 28.6%; a lot more: 5.6%) since the start of the pandemic. Continental differences were visible, while the impact of the pandemic did not differ greatly based on ECDRs’ sociodemographic characteristics.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on ECDRs worldwide and institutions, employers, and funding bodies are urged to consider the implications and lessons-learned when working with, managing, and promoting ECDRs. Strategies related to the pandemic and general career support to improve ECDRs career progression are discussed, including social media training, digital networking, and benefits of hybrid events. Global resources specific for ECDRs are highlighted.
“As if I Were an Illegal”
Authors: Woodard Lauren 
Published: November 2022

This article examines how immigrants from post-Soviet countries engage in practices of racial passing to challenge ethnic stereotypes in Russia, the world’s fourth-largest migration destination. Ethnographic research reveals that immigrants shed signs of illegality to pass not necessarily as white, ethnic Russians (russkie) but instead as ethnically heterogeneous Russian citizens (rossiiane). The need to pass points to fundamental tensions within Russian society about belonging, tensions arising from a particular configuration of race, ethnicity, and language that emerged during the Soviet era. I show how ethnic Russianness operates akin to whiteness, the invisible ideal against which racialized bodies are marked, despite Soviet-era anti-racism campaigns and contemporary claims of Russia’s multiethnic diversity. This article contributes to scholarship analyzing migration and citizenship as racial projects by demonstrating how locally nuanced inflections of whiteness interact with global and transnational movements of white supremacy.

РЕЗЮМЕ

В этой статье исследуется то, как иммигранты из постсоветских стран вовлечены в практики расового пассинга, усложняющие этнические стереотипы в России (занимающей четвертое место в мире по величине миграционного притока). Этнографическое исследование показывает, что иммигранты скрывают маркеры нелегальности, чтобы выдать себя не обязательно за белых этнических русских, а вместо этого за этнически неоднородных российских граждан (россияне). Необходимость такого пассинга указывает на фундаментальную напряженность в российском обществе относительно самоидентификации, которая возникает из-за особой конфигурации расы, этничности и языка, возникшей в советское время. Я показываю, как этническая ‘русскость’ действует подобно белизне, невидимому идеалу, рядом с которым существуют расиализированные тела, на фоне антирасистских кампаний советской эпохи и современных заявлений о многонациональности России. Эта статья вносит вклад в исследования, которые анализируют миграцию и гражданство как расовые проекты, демонстрируя, как локальные нюансы белизны взаимодействуют с глобальными и транснациональными движениями за превосходство белых.
Facilitating learners’ participation through classroom translanguaging: comparing a translanguaging classroom and a monolingual classroom in Chinese language teaching
Authors: Nie Mengjun , Lu Juexuan , Zheng Yongyan , Shen Qi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Translanguaging practices in Chinese as a second language (CSL) classrooms have been a heated topic in recent years, despite the longstanding Chinese-monolingual ideology. Against this backdrop, we have explored the functions of translanguaging practices in CSL classroom and the interplay of translanguaging and learners’ participation, by comparing the language practices of a translanguaging-oriented classroom and a Chinese-monolingual classroom. We found the functions of classroom translanguaging include meaning-negotiation, peer-assisting, efficiency-increasing and communication encouraging. The findings also reveal that although multilingual practices can also be found in the Chinese-monolingual classroom, they are characterized by a norm-conforming pattern, in contrast to the norm-breaking pattern in the translanguaging-oriented classroom, and the latter can empower students and motivate them to become engaged in Chinese learning. Moreover, multilingual practices deliberately adopted by teachers can be regarded as pedagogical translanguaging and facilitate learner engagement only when there exists no discrepancy between their pedagogical ideology (i.e. advocating translanguaging) and practices. Based on our findings, we advocate a reflection and adjustments to the current monolingual policy in CSL classroom.
My scientific genealogy and the Toronto ACDC Laboratory, 1988–2022
Authors: Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is a saying that as people get older, they prefer to speak more about the past and less about the future. As I go through the last chapter of my scientific career, which spans from 1988–2022, I traced my scientific genealogy and the most important scientific achievements of my laboratory. By examining close to 1,000 PubMed-indexed papers published, I found out that none of them describes best our most important contributions. Also, by realizing that our contributions in science would have likely been discovered by others shortly afterwards, I focused my attention to other metrics. I suggest here that the best metric of success is the number of people that have been trained in my lab, and found their own way in their professional and other endeavors. Over the years, I trained over 250 individuals, of which 49 obtained a PhD, 19 an MSc, 37 were post-doctoral fellows, 5 were clinical fellows and about 150 were co-op/undergraduates and summer students. Many of these individuals now hold important positions in Academia, Government and Industry. My graduates, who have now created their own genealogy and many more individuals with roots to my laboratory, are now serving the society. In conclusion, I consider the development of young trainees as my most important career contribution.
Insights into kinetics and equilibrium of methylene blue adsorption onto β-cyclodextrin polymers
Authors: Mohd Faizal Azrul Nurfaiz , Che Yunus Mohd. Azizi , Ali Asmadi , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The exclusive properties of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) combined with its harmless characters making it as an interesting and potential carbon adsorbent for water pollutants removal via adsorption. This work was aimed at evaluating the kinetics and isotherm parameters of methylene blue dye adsorption onto β-CD polymers. The carbon polymers were prepared by citric acid cross-linking, followed by post-treatment with sodium p-toluenesulfinate. The adsorbents were characterized using TGA, BET and FTIR. The adsorption of methylene blue was studied at varying concentrations (5–300 mg/L) and contact times (10–2880 min), and the kinetics and isotherm models were employed to describe the adsorption data. The post-treated carbon polymer exhibits a greater specific surface of 16.6 m2/g. The maximum adsorption of methylene blue by cross-linked and post-treated β-CD adsorbents are 263 and 227 mg/g, respectively. The kinetics data fitted well into pseudo-first order model, indicating physical adsorption. The Boyd’s model showed that film diffusion may be the controlling mechanism. The equilibrium data of methylene blue adsorption for the two β-CD polymers obeyed Langmuir model. To conclude, β-CD is a promising adsorbent candidate for the treatment of dye wastewater.
Sovereign Debt Restructuring: The Way Forward
Authors: Xafa Miranda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The timely and orderly resolution of sovereign debt crises has long been a key challenge facing the global financial architecture. The framework for crisis resolution evolved in response to the capital account crises of the 1990s (Mexico, Russia, Southeast Asia), the Argentine crisis of 2001 and its aftermath, and the Global Financial Crisis of 2008–9 which morphed into the Euro area debt crisis of 2010–12. Efforts to expedite crisis resolution involved a two-pronged approach, one focusing on IMF policies and lending facilities and the other on ways to overcome the collective action problems involved in restructuring securitized debt. This paper examines these efforts in the context of the crises that triggered them and provides some guidance for the future. It argues that the way forward involves action on several fronts, including restoration of the essential principle that IMF programs should aim at reaching a manageable debt position within the program period with a high probability.
Racial discrimination among children in the United States from 2016 to 2020: an analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Elenwo Covenant , Hendrix-Dicken Amy , Lin Vanessa , Gatewood Ashton , Chesher Tessa , Escala Michelle , Hartwell Micah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContextSociological research has linked racism and discrimination among children to poorer health outcomes and social conditions later in life.ObjectivesGiven the change in the political climate in the United States, highly publicized deaths of Black men and women by police, and the rise in hate crimes against Asian Americans from 2016 through 2020, our primary objective was to assess trends in racial or ethnic discrimination among children in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), a nationally representative survey, utilizing data from 2016 to 2020. We calculated yearly population estimates of whether a child had experienced discrimination based on race/ethnicity via a parent-reported item. We further divided the estimates by race/ethnicity and plotted linear trends over time.ResultsData from the NSCH show that racial/ethnic discrimination reported by parents of children who are minorities increased from 6.7% in 2016 to approximately 9.3% in 2020. Indigenous children were reported to experience discrimination at high rates ranging from 10.8% in 2016 to 15.7% in 2020, as well as Black children ranging from 9.69% in 2018 to 15.04% in 2020. The percent of Asian, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic children reported to have experience discrimination was between 4.4 and 6.8% during this time.ConclusionsDiscrimination negatively impacts the developmental experiences of children, disproportionately affecting those identifying as Indigenous and Black. Therefore, addressing harmful stereotyping of Indigenous and Black cultures is necessary, especially in media targeted toward children. Providing culturally competent healthcare, critically in the Indigenous and Black pediatric population, may improve long-term outcomes by reducing discriminatory barriers to healthcare access.
Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic with words: an investigation of pragmatic presuppositions in Chinese anti-pandemic slogans
Authors: Mo Junhua , Heng Renquan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSlogans play an important role in Chinese society. Numerous slogans have been created and used in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As an eye-catching linguistic phenomenon, anti-pandemic slogans have sparked heated debates not only among the general public, but also in the academic sector. This study is focused on the pragmatic presuppositions in Chinese anti-pandemic slogans. By adopting a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative), it finds that six types of pragmatic presuppositions are used in Chinese anti-pandemic slogans. Among them, the behavioral presuppositions rank first in frequency of use, factive presuppositions second, stative presuppositions third, belief presuppositions fourth, cultural presuppositions fifth and emotional presuppositions sixth. The pragmatic presuppositions of these slogans can serve four major functions, which are persuading people to act properly, spreading scientific knowledge, warning people against wrongdoings and bolstering people’s confidence. However, there are sporadic occurrences of misusing pragmatic presuppositions in the so-called “hardcore” slogans. This study concludes that knowledge of pragmatic presuppositions is essential to a correct understanding and a proper creation of Chinese anti-pandemic slogans.
The crystal structure of dicarbonyl-(N-nitroso-N-oxido-phenylamine-κ
2
O,O)-rhodium(I), C8H5N2O4Rh
Authors: Elmakki Mohammed A. , Gafoor Wesley Abdul , Alexander Orbett T. , Venter Johan A. , Roodt Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
C8H5N2O4Rh, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.1998(9) Å, b = 3.6516(2) Å, c = 17.7458(11) Å, β = 92.801(2)°, V = 919.06(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0281, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0702, T = 100 K.
Novel sialidase from non-pathogenic bacterium Oerskovia paurometabola strain O129
Authors: Eneva Rumyana T. , Engibarov Stephan A. , Gocheva Yana G. , Mitova Simona L. , Petrova Penka M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bacterial sialidases are enzymes that are involved in a number of vital processes in microorganisms and in their interaction with the host or the environment. Their wide application for scientific and applied purposes requires the search for highly effective and non-pathogenic producers. Here, we report the first description of sialidase from Oerskovia paurometabola. The extracellular enzyme preparation was partially purified. The presence of sialidase was confirmed in native PAGE treated with the fluorogenic substrate 4MU-Neu5Ac. Maximum enzyme activity was registered at 37 °C and in the pH range of 4.0–5.5. The influence of metal ions and EDTA was examined. It was demonstrated that EDTA, Mn2+ and Ba2+ ions inhibit the sialidase activity to different extent, while Cd2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ have stimulating effect on it. These features are studied for the first time concerning sialidase of Oerskovia representative. Cell bound sialidase and sialate aldolase were also established.
Comparative Environmental Analysis for Using Waste Polyethylene and Steel Slag in Semi-dense Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Piao Zhengyin , Mikhailenko Peter , Kakar Muhammad Rafiq , Hellweg Stefanie , Poulikakos Lily D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluating the use of virgin materials, waste polyethylene (PE), and electric arc furnace steel slag (EAFSS) in semi-dense asphalt (SDA) surface courses, which is primarily used for low-noise pavements. Three types of SDA mixtures with virgin materials, waste PE, and EAFSS were prepared and water sensitivity tests were conducted to determine the mechanical performance. The LCA defined three scenarios using system expansion, namely (1) the reference scenario using virgin materials in SDA and disposal of waste PE and EAFSS by municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and landfill, respectively; (2) the test scenario using waste PE and straight run binder in SDA, with landfilling of EAFSS; (3) the test scenario using EAFSS in SDA, with the disposal of waste PE by MSWI. The data from the experiments, Swiss industries, official reports, and standard databases were used for the inventory analysis. The results show that compared to the reference, the scenarios using waste PE and EAFSS in SDA would reduce 15 % and 36 % of greenhouse gases emissions, respectively. The reason for the improved environmental performance when waste PE is used in asphalt can be attributed to the use of straight run binder to replace polymer-modified binder and the avoided MSWI. For the EAFSS scenario, the improved environmental performance is attributable to the avoided landfilling. The results also indicate that the recycling of waste PE and EAFSS in SDA would not have benefits in nonrenewable cumulative energy demand.
Comparison of Parameters from a New MSCR Approach with Classical MSCR and LAS Parameters for Simplified Binder Selection
Authors: Vale Aline C. F. , da Silva Lucas S. V. , Bastos Juceline B. S. , Babadopulos Lucas F. A. L. , Soares Jorge B. , Baaj Hassan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fatigue and rutting are the most studied pavement distresses. There are different material testing protocols whose compatibilities must be systematically analyzed for proper material selection and performance prediction. They usually focus on either rutting or on the fatigue susceptibility of the materials. In asphalt binders, the idea is to assess material behavior that may relate to the behavior of the corresponding asphalt mixtures in the field. However, a new multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) approach suggests the use of an index obtained from a modified testing protocol (B-index) that may relate to fatigue. This paper compares the parameters obtained by a new MSCR test methodology, which gives parameters that may also relate to fatigue, with parameters from the standard MSCR test and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test to analyze both binder permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. This study was conducted with a PG (Performance Grade) 64-28 neat binder and three levels of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modification by weight of the binder: 2 %, 3 %, and 4 %. The results from the new MSCR protocol indicates that the higher the modifier content, the higher the fatigue resistance based on the B-index. This finding is also supported by the LAS parameters, fatigue area factor of binder (FAFB) and af (fracture length). The study concluded that a preliminary choice based on MSCR’s B-index might overcome time-consuming testing.
In silico Design of a Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Glycoprotein Multi-Epitope Antigen for Vaccine Development
Authors: Mears Megan C. , Bente Dennis A. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
No licensed vaccine is available to prevent the severe tick-borne disease Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV). This study sought to show that a combination of computational methods and data from published literature can inform the design of a multi-epitope antigen for CCHFV with immunogenic potential.

Methods:
Cytotoxic and helper T-cell epitopes on the CCHFV glycoprotein precursor (GPC) were evaluated with bioinformatic servers. These data were combined with work from previous studies to identify potentially immunodominant regions of the GPC. Regions of the GPC were selected for generation of a model multi-epitope antigen in silico, and the percentage residue identity and similarity of each region were compared across sequences representing the widespread geographical and ecological distribution of CCHFV.

Results:
Eleven multi-epitope regions were joined with flexible linkers in silico to generate a model multi-epitope antigen, termed EPIC, which included 812 (75.7%) of all predicted epitopes. EPIC was predicted to be antigenic by two independent bioinformatic servers, thus suggesting that multi-epitope antigens should be explored further for CCHFV vaccine development.

Conclusion:
The results presented herein provide information on potential targets within the CCHFV GPC for guiding future vaccine development.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Regulates cPLA2 Activity and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Paul Sangita , Fatihi Saman , Sharma Srishti , Kutum Rintu , Fields Raymond , Pant Harish C. , Thukral Lipi , BK Binukumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by p25, contributes to neuroinflammation causing neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanism by which Cdk5 induces neuroinflammation in the PD brain is largely unexplored. Here, we show that Cdk5 phosphorylates cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) at Thr-268 and Ser-505 sites lead to its activation and generation of eicosanoid products. Mutational studies using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular simulations show that the architecture of the protein changes on each single-point mutation. Interestingly, double mutations also led to a severe decline in the activity of cPLA2 and to the disruption of its translocation to the plasma membrane. Further, the brain lysates of transgenic PD mouse models show hyperactivation of Cdk5, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of Thr-268 and Ser-505 of cPLA2 and its heightened activity, confirming the findings observed in the cell culture model of PD. These phosphorylation sites of cPLA2 and Cdk5 could be explored as the future therapeutic targets against neuroinflammation in PD. Further, conjoint transcriptomic analysis of the publicly available human PD datasets strengthens the hypothesis that genes of the arachidonic acid, prostaglandin synthesis, and inflammatory pathways are significantly upregulated in the case of PD patients compared with that of healthy control subjects.