bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LKB1 is the gatekeeper of carotid body chemosensing and the hypoxic ventilatory response
Authors: MacMillan Sandy , Holmes Andrew P. , Dallas Mark L. , Mahmoud Amira D. , Shipston Michael J. , Peers Chris , Hardie D. Grahame , Kumar Prem , Evans A. Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is critical to breathing and thus oxygen supply to the body and is primarily mediated by the carotid bodies. Here we reveal that carotid body afferent discharge during hypoxia and hypercapnia is determined by the expression of Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1), the principal kinase that activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) during metabolic stresses. Conversely, conditional deletion in catecholaminergic cells of AMPK had no effect on carotid body responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia. By contrast, the HVR was attenuated by LKB1 and AMPK deletion. However, in LKB1 knockouts hypoxia evoked hypoventilation, apnoea and Cheyne-Stokes-like breathing, while only hypoventilation and apnoea were observed after AMPK deletion. We therefore identify LKB1 as an essential regulator of carotid body chemosensing and uncover a divergence in dependency on LKB1 and AMPK between the carotid body on one hand and the HVR on the other.
Nanoscale light field imaging with graphene
Authors: Yu Tongcheng , Rodriguez Francisco , Schedin Fred , Kravets Vasyl G. , Zenin Vladimir A. , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Novoselov Konstantin S. , Grigorenko Alexander N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModern nano-optics and nanophotonics rely heavily on the precise formation of nanostructured light fields. Accurate and deterministic light field formation and characterization are indispensable for device operation as well as for revealing the underlying physical mechanisms involved. Despite a significant progress made in detection of scattered light with extremely high precision down to 1 nm resolution, there are only a limited number of techniques for direct subwavelength light mapping which do not rely on measurements of light scattering, fluorescence, or non-linear light conversion. Hence, techniques for direct conversion of light to electrical signals with precise and non-destructive imaging of nanoscale light would be of great benefit. Here, we report a nanoscale light field imaging approach based on photodetection with a p-n junction that is induced and moved inside a graphene probe by gate voltage, formed by a set of external electrodes. The spatial resolution of this electrical scanning technique is determined by p-n junction width, reaching ~ 20 nm. The developed approach is demonstrated with mapping the electric field distribution of a plasmonic slot-waveguide at telecom wavelengths. Our method provides a non-invasive nanoscale light field imaging that ensures extremely high spatial resolution and precision.
Provision of social support and mental health in U.S. military veterans
Authors: Na Peter J. , Tsai Jack , Southwick Steven M. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile social support has been linked to better health, most research has focused on the receipt of social support. In this study, we evaluated associations between provided support and mental health in a nationally representative cohort of 4069 US veterans. The majority (60–72%) of veterans reported providing support on a consistent basis. Veterans who scored higher on certain aspects of personality (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion) and received greater support were more likely to provide support. Further, each standard deviation increase in provided support was independently associated with 22–32% reduced odds of internalizing psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation, and veterans who scored higher on both provided and received support had 3.5- to 14-fold lower odds of these outcomes relative to those with high received support but low provided support. Results suggest that interventions to promote the provision of support may help mitigate risk for adverse mental health outcomes in veterans.
Nanochemistry for Chemistry Educators
Authors: Much Riam Abu , Winkelmann Kurt , Hugerat Muhamad 
Published: June 2022

For the first time, this book sets out ways to teach the science of nanochemistry at a level suitable for pre-service and in-service teachers in middle and secondary school. The authors draw upon peer-reviewed science education literature for experiments, activities, educational research, and methods of teaching the subject.
The book starts with an overview of chemical nanotechnology, including definition of the basic concepts in nanoscience, properties, types of nanostructured materials, synthesis, characterization, and applications. It includes examples of how nanochemistry impacts our daily lives. This theoretical background is an address for teachers even if they do not have enough information about the subject of nanoscale science. Subsequent chapters present best practices for presenting the material to students in a way that improves their attitudes and knowledge toward nanochemistry and STEM subjects in general. The final chapter includes experiments designed for middle and high school students.
From basic science through to current and near-future developments for applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures in medicine, electronics, energy, and the environment, users of the book will find a wealth of ideas to convey nanochemistry in an engaging way to students.
Perceived Clinical Characteristics of Children With History of Opioid Exposure: A Speech-Language Pathology Perspective
Authors: Rutherford Kelly , Maxwell Jamie , Fry Lisa , Holland Pamela , Rigon Arianna , Lankford Audrey 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
This research was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics of children with a history of opioid exposure as perceived by the speech-language pathologists (SLPs) treating them.

Method:
Three focus groups were conducted. Participants consisted of 20 SLPs working in the schools in West Virginia who had experienced working with children with a confirmed or suspected history of opioid exposure. A thematic, qualitative analysis was conducted, whereby focus group sessions were transcribed verbatim and information was coded, organized into themes, and interpreted.

Results:
Themes of perceived clinical characteristics (speech, language, executive function, and other developmental delays) are reported to address the research question. Additionally, themes derived from the data regarding perceived significant differentiators (greater severity/needs, inconsistent performance, and atypical manifestation) and perceived confounding characteristics (safety and well-being, aspects of home environment, and effects on school environment) that are often reported in children with a history or suspected history of opioid exposure are presented.

Conclusions:
Perceived clinical characteristics of this population, both intrinsic and situational, highlight the complex profile of this population and demonstrate the importance of considering each child from a multidimensional perspective. Additional research is needed to represent the profile of these children more completely and to identify successful supports that will improve their speech and language outcomes, educational achievement, and their overall quality of life.
Robust NN‐based backstepping control of non‐affine ferry ship fuel cell‐based DC MGs under stochastic disturbance inputs
Authors: Vafamand Navid , Afsharinejad Amir , Arefi Mohammad Mehdi , Mobayen Saleh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFossil fuels play a significant role in the automobile industry, as well as marine vessel systems, with a lot of benefits like high‐density and low‐cost power supply, which is relatively easy to reserve, apply and carry. However, fossil fuel combustion produces several emissions such as CO2, which become greenhouse gas emissions and harmful to human health. One of the most favorable emission‐free modern technologies is fuel cells, which can be applied to supply power to marine vessel propulsion systems. In such a most electrified ship, the whole of the shipboard grid can be regarded as a direct current (DC) stand‐alone microgrid (MG) configuration with linear resistive and nonlinear constant power loads (CPLs). The main challenge in this new configuration of the shipboard MG is stabilizing the system's currents and voltages, subjected to stochastic disturbances arising from the effect of external winds and waves. Hence, the key objective of this research is to introduce a new modified robust adaptive stochastic backstepping controller, which is equipped with an artificial neural network, for stabilizing the current and voltage of the DC MG. The developed approach is robust against uncertainties and disturbances, has a systematic design procedure, and offers a low computational burden compared to the other complicated nonlinear controllers. In the end, a simulation is run for investigating the performance of the proposed controller over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Symmetric flipped nested array for mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular source localisation
Authors: Wang Yinsheng , Cui WeiJia , Ba Bin , Quan Mengjiao , Yu Zhenhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs it is known, existing mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular source localisation rely on the uniform linear array (ULA). Compared with the ULA, the sparse array can obtain more consecutive lags and a larger physical array aperture. So a novel symmetric flipped nested array (SFNA) is proposed for mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular source localisation. At the same time, according to the special geometry of the array, the non‐circular phase information can be removed and the existing algorithm can be used to solve the problem of sparse array estimating the mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular signals. First, by exchanging the positions of the subarrays in the traditional nested array and then flipping them, a new SFNA is formed; second, the authors present the maximum consecutive lags and composition method of SFNA. For example, 4MN +4M −3 consecutive lags can be obtained by using a 2M + 2N −1 array element; third, in the estimation of mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular sources, a special cumulant is used to eliminate the range of the mixed near‐field and far‐field non‐circular sources and a one‐dimensional (1‐D) spectral search is used to obtain all the directions of arrival, and the range can be obtained by defining the range spectrum; finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed array.
Improved method in calculating the surface charge distribution of DC‐GIL insulators with 3D geometry models
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Zhang Guangkuo , Jia Junran , Cao Chen , Lin Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurface charge accumulation is an important issue when dealing with the insulation property of direct‐current gas‐insulated transmission lines with insulators. An improved method is introduced to calculate the surface charge distribution of insulators based on three‐dimensional (3D) geometry models with high solution accuracy and computing efficiency. More than 90% of the computing memory and time are reduced by applying weak form partial differential equation (PDE) to the ion transport equation compared to adding artificial diffusion term. The computing memory and time are further reduced by 70% when removing the diffusion term from the ion transport equation, whereas the accuracy remains unchanged. Thus, the method of combining the modification of ion transport equation and the application of weak form PDE is suggested in calculating the surface charge of 3D geometry models. Finally, this method is applied in calculating the surface charge distribution of a ±200‐kV basin‐type insulator under thermal‐electric coupled fields and a ±500‐kV tri‐post insulator. Results show satisfying accuracy and efficiency. It is concluded that the proposed method can be applied in analysing the charge accumulation and ion transport behaviour based on 3D models under various operating conditions.
First 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of Wolf-Rayet winds
Authors: Moens N. , Poniatowski L. G. , Hennicker L. , Sundqvist J. O. , El Mellah I. , Kee N. D. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Classical Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars are direct supernova progenitors undergoing vigorous mass loss. Understanding the dense and fast outflows of such WR stars is thus crucial for understanding advanced stages of stellar evolution and the dynamical feedback of massive stars on their environments, and for characterizing the distribution of black hole masses.
Aims. In this paper, we develop the first time-dependent, multidimensional, radiation-hydrodynamical models of the extended optically thick atmospheres and wind outflows of hydrogen-free classical WR stars.
Methods. A flux-limiting radiation hydrodynamics approach is used on a finite volume mesh to model WR outflows. The opacities are described using a combination of tabulated Rosseland mean opacities and the enhanced line opacities expected within a supersonic flow.
Results. For high-luminosity models, a radiation-driven, dense, supersonic wind is launched from deep subsurface regions associated with peaks in the Rosseland mean opacity. For a model with lower luminosity, on the other hand, the Rosseland mean opacity is not sufficient to sustain a net-radial outflow in the subsurface regions. Instead, what develops in this case, is a "standard" line-driven wind launched from the optically thin regions above an extended, moderately inflated, and highly turbulent atmosphere. We thus find here a natural transition from optically thick outflows of classical WR stars to optically thin winds of hot, compact subdwarfs; in our simulations, this transition occurs approximately at a luminosity that is ~40% of the Eddington luminosity. Because of the changing character of the wind-launching mechanism, this transition is also accompanied by a large drop (on the low-luminosity end) in the average mass-loss rate. Since the subsurface opacity peaks are further associated with convective instabilities, the flows are highly structured and turbulent, consisting of coexisting regions of outflowing, stagnated, and even pockets of infalling gas. Typical velocity dispersions in our 3D models are high, 100–300 km s−1, but the clumping factors are rather modest, fc1 ≡ 〈ρ2〉/〈ρ〉2 ~ 2. We further find that, while the low-density gas in our simulations is strongly radiation-driven, the overdense structures are, after their initial launch, primarily advected outward by ram-pressure gradients. This inefficient radiative acceleration of dense "clumps" reflects the inverse dependence of line driving on mass density and leads to a general picture wherein high-density gas parcels move significantly slower than the mean and low-density wind material.
Effectiveness of Arsenicum album 30C in Prevention of COVID-19 in Individuals Residing in Containment Zones of Delhi—A Prospective, Community-based, Parallel Cohort Study
Authors: Nayak Debadatta , Nahar Karanpreet , Bhalerao Rupali , Kaur Lovepreet , Parveen Tabassum , Bhalla Ruchika , Michael James , Sharma Swati , Singh Parul , Jainab Afsana , Ram Hanuman , Chaudhuri Abhishek , Parvin Ummesalma , Jain Nidhi , Khurana Anil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective This work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of Arsenicum album 30C against COVID-19.
Design The work was designed as a prospective parallel cluster cohort study.
Intervention Participants were enrolled in a homeopathy intervention (HI) cohort (who received Arsenicum album) or in a non-intervention (NI) cohort (who received no systematic intervention) from COVID-19 containment areas of Delhi. Individuals of age 5 years or above were given four medicated pills of Arsenicum album 30C, while those from 1 to 5 years old were given two medicated pills in each dose.
Results The analysis included 10,180 individuals residing in 11 COVID-19 containment areas in Delhi, out of which 6,590 individuals were in the HI cohort and 3,590 individuals were in the NI cohort. The overall protective effect of Arsenicum album 30C was 83.43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.77 to 88.17): 45 cases per 6,590 (8.34 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the Arsenicum album 30C group versus 143 cases per 3,590 (45.01 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the NI cohort. The protective effect of Arsenicum album 30C against laboratory confirmed COVID-19 was 74.40% (95% CI, 55.08 to 85.41): 18 cases per 6,590 (3.32 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the Arsenicum album 30C group versus 38 cases per 3,590 (11.85 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the NI cohort.
Conclusion The   use of Arsenicum album 30C was associated with some protection against probable and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in a containment-zone setting. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm or refute these results.
Artroplastia parcial de ombro guiada por prototipagem tridimensional
Authors: Maia Lucas , Ladeia Kennedy Tavares , Althoff Bernardo Figueira , Marchetto Adriano , Meneghel Diego , Baldo Guilherme Valdir 
Published: June 2022

ResumoA tecnologia de impressão tridimensional (3D) é uma realidade no âmbito da medicina. Na Ortopedia e Traumatologia, a impressão 3D direciona um tratamento cirúrgico preciso e individualizado. Compreender e difundir suas aplicações, utilidades e resultados pode fomentar o academicismo e melhorar o cuidado ao paciente. Trata-se de relato de um caso raro de uma paciente adulta jovem com osteonecrose da cabeça umeral por necrose avascular desenvolvida na primeira infância. O tratamento foi individualizado e otimizado com a impressão 3D, que ajudou a determinar os passos para o procedimento de artroplastia parcial de úmero.
How can funders promote the use of research? Three converging views on relational research
Authors: Tseng Vivian , Bednarek Angela , Faccer Kristy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough funders are generally acknowledged as important actors in the evidence ecosystem, there has been insufficient analysis of thehowandwhybehind funders’ decisions. This article examines the decision-making of three funders in their support of relational approaches to improve the usefulness and use of research evidence. They compare their work across the disparate policy sectors of education and environmental sustainability in order to bridge the silos that have caused unnecessary duplication of work and obstructed advancements in research utilization. The authors (1) provide individual narratives of their funding experiences including why they prioritized relational approaches and how they supported them; (2) discuss their lessons learned for supporting and promoting relational approaches; and (3) offer recommendations to the broader funding community for strengthening and expanding these approaches. The authors hope the paper provides useful insights into ways funders and their partners can build a stronger and better coordinated evidence ecosystem in which research regularly contributes to improved societal outcomes.
On-surface synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped covalent-organic frameworks on Ag(111) substrate
Authors: Zhang Yong , Lu Jianchen , Li Baijin , Chen Weiben , Xiong Wei , Ruan Zilin , Zhang Hui , Sun Shijie , Chen Long , Gao Lei , Cai Jinming 
Published: June 2022

Atomically precise fabrication of covalent-organic frameworks with well-defined heteroatom-dopant sites and further understanding of their electronic properties at the atomic level remain a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the bottom-up synthesis of well-organized covalent-organic frameworks doped by nitrogen atoms on an Ag(111) substrate. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy, the atomic structures of the intermediate metal–organic frameworks and the final covalent-organic frameworks are clearly identified. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy characterization reveals that the electronic bandgap of the as-formed N-doped covalent-organic framework is 2.45 eV, in qualitative agreement with the theoretical calculations. The calculated band structure together with the projected density of states analysis clearly unveils that the incorporation of nitrogen atoms into the covalent-organic framework backbone will remarkably tune the bandgap owing to the fact that the foreign nitrogen atom has one more electron than the carbon atom. Such covalent-organic frameworks may offer an atomic-scale understanding of the local electronic structure of heteroatom-doped covalent-organic frameworks and hold great promise for all relevant wide bandgap semiconductor technologies, for example, electronics, photonics, high-power and high-frequency devices, and solar energy conversion.
No-till farming: prospects, challenges – productivity, soil health, and ecosystem services
Authors: Jayaraman Somasundaram , Dalal Ram C. 
Published: June 2022

Globally, declining soil quality due to soil degradation is of great concern, and directly affects crop production, soil health and sustainability of natural resources. In conventional farming practices, the loss of fertile topsoil via runoff and erosion from arable land is a big concern. In addition, changes in land use and management practices result in loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock by −10–59%. The change from conventional till (CT) with residue burning/removal to no-till (NT) farming with residue retention/conservation agriculture (CA) practices have been recognised as important soil management practices for sustaining soil health and reversing land degradation. Worldwide, NT/CA practices are now being adopted on about 180 million ha (i.e. ∼14% of arable land). CA practices promote soil health by increasing organic carbon, and soil aggregation, thus improving infiltration and minimising erosion losses. In addition, CA has the potential to increase SOC sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and help to mitigate global climate change. Among sustainable food production systems, CA is often advocated with a view to increase food production while conserving natural resources and SOC. This special issue ‘No-till farming: prospects, challenges – productivity, soil health, and ecosystem services’ addresses and critically reviews these important issues and aims to foster awareness of NT farming. The collection of 15 papers lucidly covers various facets of NT farming. A summary and salient findings of these papers are provided in this Editorial. NT farming is a promising practice, which not only improves soil physical, chemical and biological health but also enhances carbon sequestration, crop productivity and mitigates GHG emissions through appropriate crop residue and nutrient management strategies. The adage says ‘one size won’t fit all’ or ‘a single recipe will not solve all problem/challenges’, so we need to adopt site-specific NT systems for higher benefits and productivity and sustaining soil health.