bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Mucosal Glycosylation Patterns during Giardia spp. Infection are Time‐Dependent and Tissue‐Specific
Authors: Fekete Elena , Allain Thibault , Buret Andre 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionGlycosylation of intestinal mucin proteins is critical for intestinal barrier function and host‐microbe interactions. Altered mucosal glycosylation patterns have been associated with numerous intestinal diseases and may contribute to dysbiosis and an increase in intestinal permeability. Disruption of intestinal mucus has been described during infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis, and may contribute to intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis during acute and chronic infection. Little is currently known about the role of mucin glycan alteration in the pathogenesis of Giardia or other enteric infections. The aim of this study was to determine if mucosal glycosylation patterns are altered during Giardia infection.Methods3‐4‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were infected with Giardia muris for 2 or 7 days, or with Giardia duodenalis isolate GSM for 7 days. Jejunum and colon sections were collected and stained with various fluorescein‐coupled lectins, and quantitative PCR was performed for mucin and mucin‐associated glycosyltransferase gene expression.ResultsDuring early infection, at day 2 post‐infection (PI), fucose and sialic acid abundance was increased in the jejunums of G. muris infected mice in comparison to uninfected mice. Expression of the fucosyltransferase Fut2 and the sialyltransferase St6GalNAc1 were similar between controls and infected mice. Expression of the sulfotransferase Chst4 was decreased in both the jejunums and colons upon infection.At day 7 PI, when trophozoite burden was maximal in the small intestine, the abundance of fucose and sialic acid was significantly decreased in the jejunums of both G. muris and G. duodenalis infected mice. The expression of Fut2 and St6GalNAc1 was increased in infected mice compared to controls. Both fucose abundance and Fut2 expression were similar between control and infected mice in the colon, while sialic acid abundance increased and expression of St6GalNAc1 decreased in the colon upon infection. Expression of the sulfotransferase Chst4 was decreased in infected mice in the jejunum, and similar to control levels in the colon.ConclusionsGlycosylation patterns and the expression of mucin‐associated glycosyltransferase genes are altered in the intestines upon Giardia spp. infection. These alterations are time‐dependent as well as tissue‐specific, occurring in the small intestine, where Giardia colonization occurs, and in the large intestine where no active trophozoites are present during infection. These effects are isolate non‐specific and may contribute to disruption of intestinal barrier function and dysbiosis during Giardia infections, as well as during numerous enteric infections in which mucus disruption is implicated in disease pathogenesis.
Protocol Compliance Guiding Angiotensin II Use in Post Cardiovascular Surgery Vasoplegia
Authors: ten Lohuis Caitlin C. , Burke Sarah C. , Jannuzzo Cooper J. , Barker Nicholas A. , Chen Edward P. , Busse Laurence W. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Catecholamines and vasopressin are commonly used in patients with post cardiovascular surgery vasoplegia (PCSV). Multimodal therapy, including methylene blue (MB), hydroxocobalamin, and angiotensin II (Ang II), may improve outcomes in patients who remain hypotensive despite catecholamine and vasopressin therapy. However, a standardized approach has not been established. We created a protocol at Emory Healthcare (Emory Protocol), which provides guidance on norepinephrine equivalent dose (NED) and the use of noncatecholamines in the setting of PCSV and sought to determine the clinical significance of adherence to the protocol.

DESIGN:
Retrospective study.

SETTING:
Multisite study at Emory University Hospital.

PATIENTS:
Patients receiving Ang II for PCSV in any cardiovascular ICU from 2018 to 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patient encounters were scored on Emory Protocol compliance based on NED (1–5), use of vasopressin (1–2), use of MB (1–2), and documentation of high-output shock (1–4). A compliant score was less than 7, moderately compliant 7 to 8, and poorly compliant greater than 8. Demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were abstracted from the medical records.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of the 78 consecutive patients receiving Ang II for PCSV, overall ICU mortality was 26.9%, with an average compliance score of 6.2. ICU mortality was 21.1% for compliant cases (n = 38), 29.7% for moderately compliant cases (n = 24), and 37.5% for poorly compliant cases (n = 16). In regression analysis, the cumulative compliance score to the Emory Protocol was predictive of ICU mortality (p = 0.027).

CONCLUSIONS:
Compliance with the Emory Protocol, emphasizing early initiation of the noncatecholamines vasopressin, MB, hydroxocobalamin, and Ang II at lower catecholamine doses in high-output shock, is associated with improved ICU mortality.
Use of Micro Botulinum Toxin for a Face-lifting Effect: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ng Zhi Yang , Lellouch Alexandre G. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Micro-Botox (Micro-btx) was described in 2000 for the paralysis of superficial muscle fibers to address facial rhytides. Increasingly, there are reports of its off-label use for a face-lifting effect.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the literature for such results.

METHODS AND METHODS
A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA; only Level ≥ III evidence from 2000 to 2020 were included. Data extracted include patient demographics, type of botulinum toxin, dilution, dosage, injection sites and spacing, needle size and syringe, follow-up, patient and physician assessment, and complications.

RESULTS
Three hundred seventy-two patients (average 35.2 years) underwent different botulinum toxin injections (average 39 units/hemiface) of varying dilutions with 30- to 32-G needles, typically with 1-mL syringes, by forming 0.2- to 0.5-cm wheals 1 cm apart. Follow-up averaged 10.5 weeks with both subjective and objective assessments. Facial asymmetry and minor bruising were common. Subjective assessment of face-lifting effects between patients and physicians was highly discordant and injection sites reported were highly variable.

CONCLUSION
Much heterogeneity in dosage, injection sites, definition of “face-lifting,” and assessment methods remain, all of which preclude accurate and objective evaluation of the current evidence for micro-btx. Future studies should address these variables, given the growing interest in such nonsurgical options for a face-lifting effect.
The Regulatory Mechanism and Effect of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 on Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Jingjing , Qian Jianan , Cao Ji , Zhang Wei , Jiang Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
As a critical regulatory molecule, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) can mediate the signaling pathway of programmed necrosis. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been proved as a new substrate for RIPK3-induced necroptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of RIPK3 on phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by exposure to PE (100 μM) for 48 hours. Primary cardiomyocytes were pretreated with RIPK3 inhibitor GSK′872 (10 μM), and RIPK3 siRNA was used to deplete the intracellular expression of RIPK3. The indexes related to myocardial hypertrophy, cell injury, necroptosis, CaMKII activation, gene expression, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. We found that after cardiomyocytes were stimulated by PE, the expressions of hypertrophy markers, atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP), were increased, the release of lactate dehydrogenase was increased, the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was decreased, the oxidation and phosphorylation levels of CaMKII were increased, and CaMKIIδ alternative splicing was disturbed. However, both GSK′872 and depletion of RIPK3 could reduce myocardial dysfunction, inhibit CaMKII activation and necroptosis, and finally alleviate myocardial hypertrophy. In addition, the pretreatment of RIPK3 could also lessen the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PE and stabilize the membrane potential of mitochondria. These results indicated that targeted inhibition of RIPK3 could suppress the activation of CaMKII and reduce necroptosis and oxidative stress, leading to alleviated myocardial hypertrophy. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the clinical treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Candida albicans Flexor Tenosynovitis after Trigger Finger Release: A Case Report
Authors: Tanabe Katsuhisa 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
Tenosynovitis caused by fungi, especially Candida species, is rare. We report a case of an immunocompetent patient with finger flexor tenosynovitis caused by Candida albicans after trigger finger release (TFR). Intratendon sheath triamcinolone injection and subsequent TFR surgery might contribute to the occurrence of Candida tenosynovitis. We performed a tenosynovectomy twice because the pathology was unclear after the first tenosynovectomy. The culture of synovial tissue from the first tenosynovectomy was negative. However, the culture from the second tenosynovectomy tested positive for Candida albicans. We must consider the possibility of infection with low virulent pathogens such as fungi even if cultures are negative. When hand tenosynovitis is observed in immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients with invasive procedures, such as local injection or surgery, Candida infection should be considered a potential root cause even in the absence of positive results for the presence of fungi in the specimens being tested.
Computer-aided Planning and Execution in Facial Gender Surgery: Approaches, Concepts, and Implementation
Authors: Louis Matthew , Qiu Cecil S. , Travieso Rob , Marano Drew , Coon Devin 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
Facial gender surgery (FGS) involves major surgical modification of the craniofacial soft tissues and skeleton. Computer-aided surgery (CAS) has improved precision and accuracy of osteotomies and decreased operative time in complex reconstructive craniofacial surgery. FGS is a natural application for CAS because the procedures are not only technically challenging but also demand a high standard of aesthetic results. Planning FGS cases virtually enables better and more reproducible results through simulated surgical planning and precise execution of osteotomies in surgical fields with limited exposure. We describe our experience with CAS in FGS for each of the facial thirds to introduce new concepts for conceptual planning of osteotomy design and patient-specific implants.
Predictive Modeling of New-Onset Postoperative Diplopia Following Orbital Decompression for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Nair Archana A. , Ediriwickrema Lilangi S. , Dolman Peter J. , Law Geoffrey , Harrison Andrew R. , Mokhtarzadeh Ali , Stewart Krista , Men Clara , Lucarelli Mark J. , van Landingham Suzanne , Wingelaar Maxwell , Verma Rohan , Chen Allison , Selva Dinesh , Garrity James , Eckel Laurence , Kazim Michael , Godfrey Kyle , Baxter Sally L. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To identify risk factors for the development of new-onset, postoperative diplopia following orbital decompression surgery based on patient demographics, clinical exam characteristics, radiographic parameters, and surgical techniques.

Methods:
We conducted a multi-center retrospective chart review of patients who underwent orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease (TED). Patient demographics, including age, gender, smoking history, preoperative exophthalmometry, clinical activity score (CAS), use of peribulbar and/or systemic steroids, and type of orbital decompression were reviewed. Postoperative diplopia was determined at a minimum of 3 months postoperatively and before any further surgeries. Cross-sectional area ratios of each extraocular muscle to orbit and total fat to orbit were calculated from coronal imaging in a standard fashion. All measurements were carried out using PACS imaging software. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed using Stata 14.2 (StataCorp, College Station, TX).

Results:
A total of 331 patients without preoperative diplopia were identified. At 3 months postoperatively, 249 patients had no diplopia whereas 82 patients developed diplopia. The average postoperative follow-up was 22 months (range 3–156) months. Significant preoperative clinical risk factors for postoperative diplopia included older age at surgery, proptosis, use of peribulbar or systemic steroids, elevated clinical activity score, and presence of preoperative compressive optic neuropathy. Imaging findings of enlarged cross-sectional areas of each rectus muscle to the overall orbital area also conferred a significant risk of postoperative diplopia. Regarding surgical factors, postoperative diplopia was more common among those undergoing medial wall decompression, bilateral orbital surgery, and balanced decompression, whereas endoscopic medial wall decompression was found to be relatively protective.

Conclusions:
This study identifies risk factors associated with the development of diplopia following orbital decompression using multivariable data. This study demonstrates that several characteristics including age, clinical activity score, the cross-sectional muscle to orbit ratios, in addition to the type of orbital decompression surgery, are predictive factors for the development of new-onset postoperative diplopia.
Cortical function and sensorimotor plasticity are prognostic factors associated with future low back pain after an acute episode: the Understanding persistent Pain Where it ResiDes prospective cohort study
Authors: Jenkins Luke C. , Chang Wei-Ju , Buscemi Valentina , Liston Matthew , Humburg Peter , Nicholas Michael , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , Hodges Paul W. , McAuley James H. , Schabrun Siobhan M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Predicting the development of chronic low back pain (LBP) at the time of an acute episode remains challenging. The Understanding persistent Pain Where it ResiDes study aimed to identify neurobiological and psychological risk factors for chronic LBP. Individuals with acute LBP (N = 120) participated in a prospective cohort study with 6-month follow-up. Candidate predictors were selected from the neurobiological (eg, sensorimotor cortical excitability assessed by sensory and motor-evoked potentials and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype), psychological (eg, depression and anxiety), symptom-related (eg, LBP history), and demographic domains. Analyses involved multivariable linear regression models with pain intensity or disability degree as continuous variables. Secondary analyses involved a multivariable logistic model with the presence of LBP at 6 months (thresholding pain intensity and disability degree) as a dichotomous variable. Lower sensory cortex and corticomotor excitability, higher baseline pain intensity, higher depression, stress, and pain catastrophizing were the strongest predictors (R
2 = 0.47) of pain intensity at 6 months. Older age and higher pain catastrophizing were the strongest predictors (R
2 = 0.30) of disability at 6 months. When the LBP outcome was dichotomised, sensory cortex and corticomotor excitability, brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype, depression and anxiety, LBP history and baseline pain intensity, discriminated between those who did and did not report LBP at 6 months (C-statistic 0.91). This study identifies novel risk factors for the development of future LBP. Neurobiological risk factors, when added to a multivariable linear regression model, explained a further 15% of the variance in the 6-month pain intensity.
Effect of supraglottic airway devices versus endotracheal intubation general anesthesia on outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhu Wenchao , Qi Yingying , Xu Guangjun , Liu Lei , Liu Jingjing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
There are still controversies about the optimal anesthesia protocol for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of supraglottic airway device (SAD) versus endotracheal intubation (EI) general anesthesia on clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with AIS undergoing MT.

Methods:
One hundred sixteen patients with large-vessel occlusion stroke were randomized to receive either SAD or EI general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the rate of occurrence of >20% fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Secondary outcomes included hemodynamics, successful recanalization, time metrics, satisfaction score of neurointerventionalist, number of passes performed, the conversion rate from SAD to EI, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score before and 24 hours after surgery, length of stay in the stroke unit and hospital, complications and functional independence at discharge, and 90 days after stroke.

Results:
Both the lowest systolic blood pressure and lowest diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the EI group (P = .001). The consumption of vasoactive agents, the occurrence of >20% reduction in MAP and time spent with >20% fall in MAP were significantly higher in the EI group (P < .05). Compared with the EI group, the time for door-to-puncture was significantly shorter in the SAD group (P = .015). There were no significant differences with respect to puncture-to-reperfusion time, number of passes performed, rates of successful recanalization, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 24 hours after surgery. The satisfaction score of neurointerventionalist was significantly lower in the EI group (P = .043). Conversion rate from SAD to EI was 7.41%. There were no significant differences with respect to complications, mortality, and mean Modified Rankin Scale scores both at discharge and 90-day after stroke. However, length of stroke unit and hospital stays were significantly shorter in the SAD group (P < .05).

Conclusion:
AIS patients undergoing MT with SAD general anesthesia led to more stable hemodynamics, higher satisfaction score of neurointerventionalist, shorter door-to-puncture time, length of stroke unit, and hospital stay. However, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups on the angiographic and functional outcomes both at discharge and 90 days after stroke.
Comparing the accuracy between shear wave elastography and strain elastography in the diagnosis of breast tumors
Authors: Wu Huayu , Zhang Shengnan , Wang Cong , Yan Yumei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Shear wave elastography and strain elastography are two new ultrasonic techniques developed rapidly in recent years. Changes in tissue elasticity occur after normal tissue changes. Elastography technique transforms the elastic information of tissue into optical information for display. Thus more intuitive display of tissue elasticity. Due to the differences in principles and related imaging parameters between the two elastic imaging methods, and the acquisition and interpretation of image data in strain elastic imaging method largely depends on the experience of inspectors, and due to the significant differences between the techniques of inspectors, As a result, conflicting results have been obtained in different scholars’ studies on the accuracy comparison of the two elastography techniques in the diagnosis of breast tumors. This meta-analysis aims to compare the accuracy of the two elastography methods in the diagnosis of breast tumors, so as to provide more accurate diagnostic means for patients with breast tumors. The final results will show which elastography method is more accurate in the diagnosis of breast tumors, reduce unnecessary biopsies and provide a reference for clinical decision making.

Methods:
We will examine published and unpublished randomized controlled trials, observational studies and abstracts without publication type or language restrictions, and search relevant literatures in PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, CNQI and other databases until December 30, 2020. The authors will independently search relevant literature records, scan titles and abstracts, full text, collect data and assess the risk of bias. Data will be analyzed by using Meta Disc1.4 software and Stata14.0 software. Heterogeneity tests and combined sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve will be performed by using Meta Disc1.4 software. Stata14.0 software will be used for sensitivity analysis and publication bias test.

Results:
The results of this systematic review will demonstrate the accuracy of the two elastography methods in the diagnosis of breast tumors.

Discussion:
The results will provide useful evidence for the comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography and strain elastography in breast tumors.

Other:
This study was not funded. Register name: PROSPERO. Registration number: CRD42021251110.
Clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bai Yang , Wen Liang , Zhao Yulong , Li Jianan , Guo Chen , Zhang Xiaobin , Yang Jiaming , Dong Yushu , Ma Litian , Liang Guobiao , Kou Yun , Wang Enxin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Information about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still lacking. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical course and the outcome of COVID-19 patients with comorbid COPD.
This retrospective study was performed at Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital in China. Patients with a clear diagnosis of COVID-19 who had comorbid COPD (N = 78) were identified. COVID-19 patients without COPD were randomly selected and matched by age and sex to those with COPD. Clinical data were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The composite outcome was the onset of intensive care unit admission, use of mechanical ventilation, or death during hospitalization. Multivariable Cox regression analyses controlling for comorbidities were performed to explore the relationship between comorbid COPD and clinical outcome of COVID-19.
Compared to age- and sex-matched COVID-19 patients without pre-existing COPD, patients with pre-existing COPD were more likely to present with dyspnea, necessitate expectorants, sedatives, and mechanical ventilation, suggesting the existence of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Greater proportions of patients with COPD developed respiratory failure and yielded poor clinical outcomes. However, laboratory tests did not show severer infection, over-activated inflammatory responses, and multi-organ injury in patients with COPD. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed patients with COPD exhibited longer viral clearance time in the respiratory tract. Multifactor regression analysis showed COPD was independently correlated with poor clinical outcomes.
COVID-19 patients with pre-existing COPD are more vulnerable to AECOPD and subsequent respiratory failure, which is the main culprit for unfavorable clinical outcomes. However, COPD pathophysiology itself is not associated with over-activated inflammation status seen in severe COVID-19.