bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerus clausus rationale for the privity of contract: the protective function
Authors: Bucaria Giorgia , Gottardo Giulio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe analyse the legal and economic background and implications of the destandardisation of digital contracts, with a focus on consumer protection and overall efficiency. We argue that firms can exploit destandardisation paired with asymmetric information to extract rents. We propose the introduction of a numerus clausus principle in the digital licensing realm (a limit to the contractual freedom of parties to create proprietary rights) as a way of reducing rent extraction by firms and increasing consumer surplus. With a simple economic model, we account for the tradeoff between the benefit from reduced market power and the social cost of legally enforced standardisation, and show that some degree of enforced standardisation can be optimal.
Coastal Zone Changes in West Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Satellite Earth Observations
Authors: Almar Rafael , Stieglitz Thomas , Addo Kwasi Appeaning , Ba Kader , Ondoa Gregoire Abessolo , Bergsma Erwin W. J. , Bonou Frédéric , Dada Olusegun , Angnuureng Donatus , Arino Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe West African coastal population and ecosystems are increasingly exposed to a multitude of hazards. These are likely to be exacerbated by global climate change and direct impacts from local human activities. Our ability to understand coastal changes has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the processes and the difficulty of obtaining detailed data. Recent advances in satellite techniques have made it possible to obtain rich coastal data sets that provide a solid foundation for improving climate change adaptation strategies for humanity and increasing the resilience of ecosystems for sustainable development. In this article, we review West African coastal layout and current socio-environmental challenges together with key parameters that can be monitored and several coastal management programs that rely on satellite techniques to monitor indicators at the regional level. The social, technical and scientific problems and difficulties that hinder the interest of coastal practitioners and decision-makers to use the satellite data are identified. We provide a roadmap to precisely respond to these difficulties and on how an improved satellite earth observation strategy can better support future coastal zone management in West Africa.
Kinetic energy-free Hartree–Fock equations: an integral formulation
Authors: Jensen Stig Rune , Durdek Antoine , Bjørgve Magnar , Wind Peter , Flå Tor , Frediani Luca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe have implemented a self-consistent field solver for Hartree–Fock calculations, by making use of Multiwavelets and Multiresolution Analysis. We show how such a solver is inherently a preconditioned steepest descent method and therefore a good starting point for rapid convergence. A distinctive feature of our implementation is the absence of any reference to the kinetic energy operator. This is desirable when Multiwavelets are employed, because differential operators such as the Laplacian in the kinetic energy are challenging to represent correctly. The theoretical framework is described in detail and the implemented algorithm is both presented in the paper and made available as a Python notebook. Two simple examples are presented, highlighting the main features of our implementation: arbitrary predefined precision, rapid and robust convergence, absence of the kinetic energy operator.
Stress recovery of laminated non-prismatic beams under layerwise traction and body forces
Authors: Vilar M. M. S. , Hadjiloizi D. A. , Khaneh Masjedi P. , Weaver P. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmerging manufacturing technologies, including 3D printing and additive layer manufacturing, offer scope for making slender heterogeneous structures with complex geometry. Modern applications include tapered sandwich beams employed in the aeronautical industry, wind turbine blades and concrete beams used in construction. It is noteworthy that state-of-the-art closed form solutions for stresses are often excessively simple to be representative of real laminated tapered beams. For example, centroidal variation with respect to the neutral axis is neglected, and the transverse direct stress component is disregarded. Also, non-classical terms arise due to interactions between stiffness and external load distributions. Another drawback is that the external load is assumed to react uniformly through the cross-section in classical beam formulations, which is an inaccurate assumption for slender structures loaded on only a sub-section of the entire cross-section. To address these limitations, a simple and efficient yet accurate analytical stress recovery method is presented for laminated non-prismatic beams with arbitrary cross-sectional shapes under layerwise body forces and traction loads. Moreover, closed-form solutions are deduced for rectangular cross-sections. The proposed method invokes Cauchy stress equilibrium followed by implementing appropriate interfacial boundary conditions. The main novelties comprise the 2D transverse stress field recovery considering centroidal variation with respect to the neutral axis, application of layerwise external loads, and consideration of effects where stiffness and external load distributions differ. A state of plane stress under small linear-elastic strains is assumed, for cases where beam thickness taper is restricted to $$15^{\circ }$$

15
∘

. The model is validated by comparison with finite element analysis and relevant analytical formulations.
CONEqNet: convolutional music equalizer network
Authors: Iriz Jesús , Patricio Miguel A. , Berlanga Antonio , Molina José M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe process of parametric equalization of musical pieces seeks to highlight their qualities by cutting and/or stimulating certain frequencies. In this work, we present a neural model capable of equalizing a song according to the musical genre that is being played at a given moment. It is normal that (1) the equalization should adapt throughout the song and not always be the same for the whole song; and (2) songs do not always belong to a specific musical genre and may contain touches of different musical genres. The neural model designed in this work, called CONEqNet (convolutional music equalizer network), takes these aspects into account and proposes a neural model capable of adapting to the different changes that occur throughout a song and with the possibility of mixing nuances of different musical genres. For the training of this model, the well-known GTzan dataset, which provides 1,000 fragments of songs of 30 seconds each, divided into 10 genres, was used. The paper will show proofs of concept of the performance of the neural model.
Structural analysis of previously unknown natural products using computational methods
Authors: Kato Hikaru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural products exhibit structural diversity, and biologically active natural products with unprecedented molecular skeletons can potentially be isolated from natural resources in the future. Although it has often been difficult to determine the structures and configurations of new compounds that do not resemble known compounds, the determination of the chemical structures, including the absolute stereo configuration, is very important in drug discovery research. In our efforts to find new bioactive natural products, we have identified novel compounds such as the ubiquitin–proteasome system inhibitors and osteoclast differentiation inhibitors. Various natural products, mixtures of stereoisomers of natural products, and compounds with novel skeletal structures were studied. In cases where it was difficult to determine the structures by NMR spectroscopy, we could successfully determine the chemical structures by computational chemistry. This review presents the results of structural analysis obtained using computational methods for several natural products that we have recently isolated.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Help in the Feature Selection Related to Hospital Readmissions of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Castillo-Sánchez Gema , Acosta Mario Jojoa , Garcia-Zapirain Begonya , De la Torre Isabel , Franco-Martín Manuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Suicide was the main source of death from external causes in Spain in 2020, with 3,941 cases. The importance of identifying those mental disorders that influenced hospital readmissions will allow us to manage the health care of suicidal behavior. The feature selection of each hospital in this region was carried out by applying Machine learning (ML) and traditional statistical methods. The results of the characteristics that best explain the readmissions of each hospital after assessment by the psychiatry specialist are presented. Adjustment disorder, alcohol abuse, depressive syndrome, personality disorder, and dysthymic disorder were selected for this region. The most influential methods or characteristics associated with suicide were benzodiazepine poisoning, suicidal ideation, medication poisoning, antipsychotic poisoning, and suicide and/or self-harm by jumping. Suicidal behavior is a concern in our society, so the results are relevant for hospital management and decision-making for its prevention.
Anglophone Islam: A New Conceptual Category
Authors: Ahmed Abdul-Azim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe field of ‘Islamic Studies’, like ‘Religious Studies’, is a broad-church. It includes a number of epistemological and ontological positions associated with a range of disciplines. The diversity inherent in a category such as ‘Islamic Studies’ is challenged by a bifurcation of two predominant approaches found within the field, the textual and the sociological. In this paper, I seek to propose a new concept for contemporary Islamic studies, that of Anglophone Islam, which will allow a broader range of scholarship to be contextualised in relation to each other. The concept also opens a new set of questions to be explored by scholars of Islamic studies. It will be of particular interest to scholars involved in contemporary Islamic studies in fields such as American Muslim studies, British Muslim studies and European Muslim studies, but will also have utility to theological, historical and philosophical scholars of Islam working in the English language.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Estimating the Ripening State of Fuji Apples Using Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Benmouna Brahim , García-Mateos Ginés , Sabzi Sajad , Fernandez-Beltran Ruben , Parras-Burgos Dolores , Molina-Martínez José Miguel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe quality of fresh apple fruits is a major concern for consumers and manufacturers. Classification of these fruits according to their ripening stage is one of the most decisive factors in determining their quality. In this regard, the aim of this work is to develop a new method for non-destructive classification of the ripening state of Fuji apples using hyperspectral information in the visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) regions. Spectra of 172 apple samples in the range from 450 to 1000 nm were studied, which were selected from four different ripening stages. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was proposed to perform the classification of the samples. The proposed method was compared with three alternative methods based on artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). The results revealed that the CNN method outperformed the alternative methods, achieving a correct classification rate (CCR) of 96.5%, compared with an average of 89.5%, 95.93%, and 91.68% for ANN, SVM, and KNN, respectively. These results will help in the development of a new device for fast and accurate estimation of the quality of apples.
N-doped carbon anchored CoS2/MoS2 nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Zhou Xingwei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zunhao , Wang Zizhun , Zou Xu , Li Dabing , Zheng Weitao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe oriented two-dimensional porous nitrogen-doped carbon embedded with CoS2 and MoS2 nanosheets is a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. The hierarchical structure ensures fast mass transfer capacity in improving the electrocatalytic activity. And the greatly increased specific surface area is beneficial to expose more electrocatalytically active atoms. For oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) tests in 1 mol/L KOH solution, only 194 and 140 mV overpotential are required to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2, respectively. Our research provides an effective strategy for synergizing the individual components in nanostructures for a wide range of electrocatalytic reactions.
Graphical Abstract
Perceived fairness of direct-to-consumer genetic testing business models
Authors: Toussaint Philipp A. , Thiebes Scott , Schmidt-Kraepelin Manuel , Sunyaev Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough consumers and experts often express concerns regarding the questionable business practices of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing services (e.g., reselling of consumers’ genetic data), the DTC genetic testing market keeps expanding rapidly. We employ retail fairness as our theoretical lens to address this seeming paradox and conduct a discrete choice experiment with 16 attributes to better understand consumers’ fairness perceptions of DTC genetic testing business models. Our results suggest that, while consumers perceive privacy-preserving DTC genetic testing services fairer, price is the main driver for fairness perception. We contribute to research on consumer perceptions of DTC genetic testing by investigating consumer preferences of DTC genetic testing business models and respective attributes. Further, this research contributes to knowledge about disruptive business models in healthcare and retail fairness by contextualizing the concept of retail fairness in the DTC genetic testing market. We also demonstrate how to utilize discrete choice experiments to elicit perceived fairness.
Evaluation of thermal conductivity estimation models with laboratory-measured thermal conductivities of sediments
Authors: Adrinek Simona , Singh Rao Martand , Janža Mitja , Żeruń Mateusz , Ryżyński Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThermal conductivity is one of the key parameters for estimating low-temperature geothermal potential. In addition to field techniques, it can be determined based on physical parameters of the sediment measured in the laboratory. Following the methodology for cohesive and non-cohesive sample preparation, laboratory measurements were carried out on 30 samples of sediments. Density, porosity and water content of samples were measured and used in thermal conductivity estimation models (TCEM). The bulk thermal conductivity ($${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

) calculated with six TCEMs was compared with the measured $${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

to evaluate the predictive capacity of the analytical methods used. The results show that the empirical TCEMs are suitable to predict the $${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

of the analysed sediment types, with the standard deviation of the residuals (RMSE) ranging from 0.11 to 0.35 Wm−1 K−1. To improve the fit, this study provides a new modified parameterisation of two empirical TCEMs (Kersten and Côté&Konrad model) and, therefore, suggests the most suitable TCEMs for specific sample conditions. The RMSE ranges from 0.11 to 0.29 Wm−1 K−1. Mixing TCEM showed an RMSE of up to 2.00 Wm−1 K−1, meaning they are not suitable for predicting sediment $${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

. The study provides an insight into the analytical determination of thermal conductivity based on the physical properties of sediments. The results can help to estimate the low-temperature geothermal potential more quickly and easily and promote the sustainable use of this renewable energy source, which has applications in environmental and engineering science.
Fabrication of Durable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh with Nano/Micro Flower-Like Morphologies for Self-Cleaning and Efficient Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Xu Changlian , Luo Yitong , Zhou Lu , Bi Yiwen , Sun Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow to fabricate durable superhydrophobic materials for cyclic oil/water separation to solve oil-induced pollutions is still a problem. Herein, we fabricated a durable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh (SH-SSM) with nano/micro flower-like sheets by self-assembly of zinc stearate for the cyclic separation of various oil/water mixtures. The SH-SSM exhibits durable superhydrophobicity against static or dynamic treatments. In virtue of durable superhydrophobicity of the SH-SSM, the dusts on surface of SH-SSM can be removed completely by running water immediately showing excellent self-cleaning performance. Moreover, the SH-SSM can be used to perform gravity-driven separation of heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures by utilizing its superhydrophobicity that oil phase penetrates the mesh and water phase is restricted. Separation efficiencies of the SH-SSM can reach 99.99%. After 20 cycles of separation, the separation efficiencies for are > 97.00% and > 98.25% for heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures, respectively. Flux values of dichloromethane, hexane and petroleum ether are 2.5 × 105 L m−2 h−1, 1.7 × 105 L m−2 h−1, and 1.8 × 105 L m−2 h−1, respectively. This study proposes a facial approach to prepare durable superhydrophobic and self-cleaning material for cyclic and fast separation of oil/water.
Beirut Explosion: Challenge of Hospital Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Helou Mariana , El Osta Nour , Weinstein Eric S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOn August 4, 2020, a major explosion took place in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon. Some hospitals in Beirut were destroyed and became nonfunctional, and others were overwhelmed with casualties, with 8643 casualties admitted to emergency departments on that night. The Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, 2.8 km away from the blast, received an unexpected number of casualties. While a disaster plan was conceived earlier, this hospital’s emergency department faced many challenges on that night, and major flaws in their preparedness plan were seen.
Reassessing Lucky Understanding
Authors: Belkoniene Miloud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKnowledge is widely regarded as being incompatible with epistemic luck, but according to several philosophers, the same does not hold for understanding. This paper examines to what extent understanding is vulnerable to epistemic luck. After discussing the weaknesses of some of the cases that have been offered to support the conclusion that understanding tolerates environmental epistemic luck, I turn to a more recent one offered in favour of the opposite conclusion. I argue that this case does not manage to establish that understanding is vulnerable to environmental luck; this even if the fact that understanding comes in degrees is taken into account. Finally, I examine the vulnerability of understanding to intervening luck – the type of luck present in classical Gettier cases – and conclude that when such luck is present, one's understanding is necessarily sub-optimal; a conclusion that does not hold, according to what I argue, when it comes to environmental luck.
‘WHAT HARBOUR WILL THERE NOT BE FOR YOUR CRIES?’ (420) AND OTHER TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN SOPHOCLES’OEDIPVS TYRANNVS
Authors: Kovacs David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThese four textual notes attempt (1) to demonstrate thatOT420 as transmitted is unlikely to impossible, and to show the desirability of Blaydes's conjectureποῖοϲ οὐκ ἔϲται ᾿λικών, that is,Ἑλικών; (2) to argue for the necessity of readingἄνforεἰat line 121 and of making the line a complete sentence; (3) to argue for a lacuna before line 530; and (4) to proposeτίϲ ἄταιϲ μᾶλλον ἢ τίϲ ἀγρίαι ξύνοικοϲ ἁλλαγᾶι βίου;in lines 1205–6.
Innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review
Authors: Silva Marcos Jessé Abrahão , Rodrigues Yan Corrêa , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, first notified in China, has spread around the world causing high morbidity and mortality, which is due to factors such as the subversion of the immune response. The aims of the study are to summarise and present the immunopathological relationship of COVID-19 with innate immunity. This is a systematic review conducted by the National Library of Medicine – National Institutes of Health, USA (PUBMED), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases with clinical trials, in vitro assays, case-controls, cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses between February 2020 and July 2021. The version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs (RoB 2), Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal (for the review articles) and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools were used to evaluate the quality and the risk of bias of the studies included in this review. The innate immune response through the generation of interferons, alternative pathways and complement system lectins and the joint action of innate immune cells and cytokines and chemokines lead to different clinical outcomes, taking into account the exacerbated inflammatory response and pathogenesis. Then, in addition to interacting as a bridge for adaptive immunity, the innate immune response plays an essential role in primary defense and is one of the starting points for immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2.
Intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure: a case report
Authors: Kawai Shun , Matsumoto Katsumi , Ueda Hideaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report a case of a 6-year-old boy who developed intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure. Ablation was performed, and the circuit of tachycardia was identified. This was a rare complication caused by right atrial enlargement due to an atrial septal defect closure device.