bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Turkish version of the oral health assessment tool: Methodological study
Authors: Genç Fatma Zehra , Cingil Dilek , Hisar Filiz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis research aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the “Oral Health Assessment Tool for the Elderly” Turkish form.MethodsA total of 262 elderly individuals > 65 years of age were included in the study. These individuals were selected from community‐dwelling elderly and nursing home residents in the Konya province of Turkey. A data form containing sociodemographic information and oral health behavior was used to collect the data. In addition, the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and the Oral Health Assessment Tool for the Elderly were used. To create the Turkish version of the tool, the form was translated and back‐translated for content validity. Expert opinion was obtained for criterion validity. Last, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to evaluate construct validity. Test‐retest reliability, interobserver reliability, and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were calculated.ResultsThe Tool Turkish form consisted of 10 items and two factors. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.86. The total variance explained by the items was 60.19%, and the test‐retest reliability coefficient was 0.95. The content validity index was 0.90, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.97. The correlation coefficient between the scales is 0.719. The mean Oral Health Assessment Tool for the Elderly score obtained by the participants was 5.4 ± 4.32 (median 5, min‐max: 0–17).ConclusionThe Turkish version of the tool is a valid and reliable tool to assess oral health in community‐dwelling elderly individuals and those living in nursing homes.
Hacking age
Authors: Cozza Michela , Ellison Kirsten L. , Katz Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article is a critical interdisciplinary study of biohacking as a specific case of transhumanism and its goals of enhancement and age intervention. It focuses on the organising principles underlying the biohacking movement's relationship to ageing and technoscience. The argument traces how the historical and scientific body technologies of molecularisation, functional age, optimisation, and quantification made possible the biohacking vision of the ageing body as amenable to modification, enhancement and improvement beyond its natural limits. Conclusions consider the wider implications of biohacking by pointing out four important issues that frame our cultural ambivalence about ageing: the tension between biohacking's supposedly liberating enhancement technologies and their obeisance to a tyranny of self‐disciplinary practices and the authority of bio‐data; the social meaning of biohacking hierarchies of human value, based on modifiable fitness and enhanceable performance; the implications of the biohacking program for gendered ageism; and the ethical limits of biohacking, not only in terms of potential harms to a person but what it can mean to exceed the natural limits of life.
Women's management in local government: The effects of substantive representation on welfare service efficiency
Authors: Martínez‐Córdoba Pedro‐José , Benito Bernardino , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpanish legislation on gender quotas in electoral candidate lists implies the effective incorporation of women into politics. This measure has created interest in the impact of this law on public service management (substantive representation), especially welfare services. This is due to the influence these services have on work‐life balance. Hence, the objective of this research is to determine the impact of women politicians on the efficiency of municipal welfare services. We estimate efficiency levels in public social service management using non‐parametric techniques over the last three local government legislatures in Spain. We then use truncated regression models to estimate the impact of women's substantive representation on these efficiency levels. The results confirm that more women in local government and female leadership in the opposition result in better levels of efficiency through reduced spending. In contrast, female leadership in the government and many women in the opposition reduce efficiency by supporting spending without increasing welfare services.
SARS‐CoV‐2 does not infect pigs, but this has to be verified regularly
Authors: Opriessnig Tanja , Huang Yao‐Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor successful xenotransplantation, freedom of the xenocraft donor from certain viral infections that may harm the organ recipient is important. A novel human coronavirus (CoV) with a respiratory tropism, designated as SARS‐CoV‐2, was first identified in January 2020 in China, but likely has been circulating unnoticed for some time before. Since then, this virus has reached most inhabited areas, resulting in a major global pandemic which is still ongoing. Due to a high number of subclinical infections, re‐infections, geographic differences in diagnostic tests used, and differences in result reporting programs, the percentage of the population infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 at least once has been challenging to estimate. With continuous ongoing infections in people and an overall high viral load, it makes sense to look into possible viral spillover events in pets and farm animals, who are often in close contact with humans. The pig is currently the main species considered for xenotransplantation and hence there is interest to know if pigs can become infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and if so what the infection dynamics may look like. This review article summarizes the latest research findings on this topic. It would appear that pigs can currently be considered a low risk species, and hence do not pose an immediate risk to the human population or xenotransplantation recipients per se. Monitoring the ever‐changing SARS‐CoV‐2 variants appears important to recognize immediately should this change in the future.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A TESTING GROUND FOR KEY THEOLOGICAL QUESTIONS
Authors: Dorobantu Marius 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEngagement with artificial intelligence (AI) can be highly beneficial for theology. This article maps the landscape of the various ways such engagement can occur. It begins by outlining the opportunities and limitations of computational theology before diving into speculative territory by imagining how robot theologians might think of divine revelation. The topic of AI and imago Dei is then reviewed, illustrating several ways AI can inform theological anthropology. The article concludes with a more speculative take on the possible implications of AI for divine infinity, incarnation, theodicy, and demonic intelligence.
RESPONSE TO DUMSDAY'S “PALAMISM AND DISPOSITIONALISM”
Authors: Raslau Flavius D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, I proposed a theory of ontology for the God–world relation that draws inspiration from: Deacon's emergent dynamics where absence plays a role in causal work; dispositionalism as the most suitable philosophical tradition for accommodating absence as a mode of being; and Palamism as the most suitable theological framework for articulating the absence of God as presence. Dumsday's “Palamism and Dispositionalism” in the present issue of Zygon is a cogent breakdown of that thesis, exposing philosophical and theological worries that touch on pan‐dispositionalism, bundle theory, Platonism, divine essence, created–uncreated distinction, God–world synergy, and more. This response article engages with the landscape of ideas that Dumsday surveys in an attempt to clarify and extend the proposed thesis that nature's powers are God's energies.
Relations of Radial Vibration of the Arterial Wall to Pulsatile Parameters in Blood Flow for Extraction of Arterial Indices
Authors: Hao Zhili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Given the wide utility of radial vibration of the arterial wall for clinical values, this paper presents a theoretical study on the relations of radial vibration of the arterial wall to pulsatile parameters in blood flow. Pulse wave propagation in an artery is formulated as a combination of the governing equations of blood flow and the arterial wall and no-slip conditions at the blood-wall interface and is analyzed to obtain the wave velocity and the theoretical expressions for blood flow rate and radial wall displacement in terms of pulsatile pressure. With the harmonics of a pulse signal, theoretical relations of radial vibration of the arterial wall to pulsatile parameters in blood flow are derived under two conditions: without and with wave reflection. These theoretical relations identify the assumptions for the simplified relations employed in the utility of radial vibration of the arterial wall for clinical values. With the arterial wall treated as a unit-mass vibration system, these simplified relations are utilized for extraction of arterial indices from radial vibration of the arterial wall. Other applications of such relations for clinical values are discussed, and the interaction between the arterial wall and blood flow is further revealed from the perspective of energy and one-dimensional wave equations. With harmonics and wave reflection considered, the derived theoretical expressions for radial wall vibration, pulsatile parameters in blood flow, and the relations between them provide theoretical guidance for improving their interpretation of clinical values with clearly defined physiological implications and assumptions.
Electromigration Analysis of Solder Joints for Power Modules Using an Electrical-Thermal-Stress-Atomic Coupled Model
Authors: Kato Mitsuaki , Omori Takahiro , Goryu Akihiro , Fumikura Tomoya , Hirohata Kenji 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The larger current densities accompanying increased output of power modules are expected to degrade solder joints by electromigration. Although previous research has experimentally studied electromigration in solder, die-attach solder joints in Si-based power modules have not been studied because the average current density of the die-attach solder is much smaller than the threshold of electromigration degradation. However, in die-attach solder, the electromigration degradation may appear where current crowding occurs. This report describes electromigration analysis of die-attach solder joints for Si-based power modules using an electrical-thermal-stress-atomic coupled model. First, we validate our numerical implementation and show that it can reproduce the distributions of vacancy concentrations and hydrostatic stress almost the same as the analytical solutions even at current densities assuming current crowding. We then simulate the die-attach solder joint with an Si-based power device and a substrate. Due to current crowding, the current density at the edge of the solder exceeds the electromigration threshold. Unlike general electromigration phenomena, the vacancy concentration increases at the center and decreases at the edges of the solder joint, regardless of whether it is on the cathode side or anode side, due to the longitudinal driving force in the solder joint generated by the current crowding. Creep strain increased remarkably at the anode edge and the cathode center. The absolute vacancy concentration clearly increased with increasing current density and size ratio. Creep strain significantly increased with increasing current density, size ratio, and temperature.
Metal Assisted Chemical Etch of Polycrystalline Silicon
Authors: Barrera Crystal , Ajay Paras , Mallavarapu Akhila , Hrdy Mark , Sreenivasan S. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) of silicon shows reliable vertical anisotropic wet etching only in single-crystal silicon, which limits its applications to a small number of devices. This work extends the capabilities of MacEtch to polysilicon which has potential to enable high-volume and cost-sensitive applications such as optical metasurfaces, anodes for high capacity and flexible batteries, electrostatic supercapacitors, sensors, nanofluidic deterministic lateral displacement devices, etc. This work presents a MacEtch of polysilicon that produces nanostructure arrays with sub-50 nm resolution and anisotropic profile. The three demonstrated structures are pillars of 5:1 aspect ratio and 50 nm spacing for comparison to single crystal silicon MacEtch literature, pillars of 30 nm spacing, and a diamond pillar array with sharp corners to establish resolution limits of polysilicon MacEtch.
Effect of Methane on the Ignition Process of Spray Flame Using Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Zhao Wanhui , Sun Ting , Zhou Lei , Wei Haiqiao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ignition process of spray flame in a methane environment was studied using large eddy simulation. By comparing the combustion process of n-dodecane spray (single fuel, SF) and n-dodecane/methane dual fuels (DF), the effect of methane addition on the low- and high-temperature ignition was investigated. Results showed that although the ignition delay times (IDTs) for the SF and DF cases are very similar, methane in the ambient gas mainly prolongs the time interval between the low- and high-temperature combustion for the DF case. A high gas temperature of 900 K can increase the reactivity and promote the early oxidization of n-dodecane. Thus, the formation of formaldehyde appears very early at 900 K. Then, the interactions between the early oxidation process of methane and the multistage ignition process of spray are investigated. By delaying the n-dodecane injection timing, different active environments including intermediate radicals are created, which can delay or even shorten the ignition process of n-dodecane spray depending on the gas temperature. However, the formation of formaldehyde is less dependent on the injection timing at low temperatures, indicating that methane has a negligible influence on the onset of low-temperature reactions. But at high temperatures, the early oxidation process in methane increases the gas temperature, which plays the dominant role in shortening the IDT.
Wake Structure in Yawed Approaching Flows for an Axial-Flow Wind Turbine
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad H. B. , Yang Zhiyin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effects of yawed wind turbines on the wake structure are not fully understood. To obtain a better understanding, numerical studies of a small-scale three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine at tip speed ratio (TSR) = 6.7 with yaw angles of zero, 15 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg have been carried out to investigate the wake characteristics of the turbine in the near- and farwake. A hybrid approach coupling large eddy simulation (LES) with actuator line modeling (ALM) has been employed in the present study. The predicted results confirm the previous finding that the turbine wake is asymmetric under yawed approaching flows and the wake is inclined to the direction where the rotor is yawed. The present work further demonstrates that at high yaw angles the main wake may be divided into two smaller parallel wakes further downstream that are not symmetric suggesting a dependency on the turbine rotation direction. This study quantitatively explains how the nonuniform variations of radial velocity components at the turbine plane caused by the yawed flows result in the wake deflection and intersection of hub and blade tip vortices further downstream which leads to the wake splitting at high yaw angles.
Faculty Perspectives Using Practice-Based Teacher Education in Physical Education
Authors: Ward Phillip , Dervent Fatih , Kim Insook , Ko Bomna , Xie Xiuye , Tsuda Emi , Santiago José A. , Iserbyt Peter , Devrilmez Erhan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Practice-based teacher education (PBTE) has been proposed as an approach to combat forms of teacher education that create prescriptive understandings of teaching that are disconnected from practice. In physical education, PBTE is becoming more prevalent. Some have argued that many of its elements have been in use for some time, whereas other elements have been refined or are new. In this study, we were motivated to examine the use of PBTE by physical education teacher educators and their perceptions of PBTE. Method: Participants were nine teacher educators from the United States (n = 6), Turkey (n = 2), and Belgium (n = 1). Surveys were used to gather data on the use of PBTE and the perceptions of teacher educators. Data describing the use of PBTE in their programs were descriptively analyzed. Our perceptions were interpreted using an intrinsic case study with PBTE serving as the case. Findings: Programs adopted similar and different elements of PBTE. Four themes emerged relative to the perceptions of teacher educators about PBTE: (a) how the context of the teacher educator influences their use of PBTE, (b) teacher educators’ use of PBTE, (c) the advantages of using PBTE, and (d) a critical analysis of PBTE. Conclusion: Our approach to operationalizing PBTE may help encourage useful conversations in physical education teacher education.
Protracted armed conflict and maternal health: a scoping review of literature and a retrospective analysis of primary data from northwest Syria
Authors: Basha Sara , Socarras Alex , Akhter Mohammed Waseem , Hamze Mohamed , Albaik Ahmad , Hussein Imad , Tarakji Ahmad , Hamadeh Mufaddal , Loutfi Randa , Kewara Mazen , Alahdab Fares , Abbara Aula 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionSyria’s protracted conflict has devastated the health system reversing progress made on maternal health preconflict. Our aim is to understand the state of maternal health in Syria focused on underage pregnancy and caesarean sections using a scoping review and quantitative analysis; the latter draws on data from the Syrian American Medical Society’s (SAMS) maternal health facilities in northwest Syria.MethodsWe performed a scoping review of academic and grey literature on the state of maternal health across Syria since the onset of conflict (taken as March 2011). Identified articles were screened using pre-established criteria and themes identified. We also performed a retrospective quantitative analysis of maternal health data from SAMS’ facilities in a microcontext in north-west Syria between March 2017 and July 2020, analysing the trends in the proportion of births by caesarean section and age at pregnancy.ResultsScoping review: of 2824 articles, 21 remained after screening. Main themes related to maternal mortality rates, caesarean sections, maternal age and perinatal care. 12 studies reported caesarean section rates; these varied from 16% to 64% of all births: northern Syria (19%–45%,) Damascus (16%–54%,) Lattakia (64%) and Tartous (59%.) Quantitative analysis: Of 77 746 births across 17 facilities, trend data for caesarean sections showed a decrease from 35% in March 2017 to 23% in July 2020 across SAMS facilities. Girls under 18 years accounted for 10% of births and had a lower proportion of caesarean section births. There was notable geographical and interfacility variation in the findings.ConclusionThe quality of available literature was poor with country-level generalisations. Research which explores microcontexts in Syria is important given the different effects of conflict across the country and the fragmented health system. Our quantitative analysis provides some evidence around the changes to caesarean section rates in northwest Syria. Despite limitations, this study adds to sparse literature on this important topic.
Sufentanil target controlled infusion (TCI) versus remifentanil TCI for monitored anaesthesia care for patients with severe tracheal stenosis undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy: protocol for a prospective, randomised, controlled study
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhou Yi , Zhu Yuanjie , Liu Jianming 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe use of monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) is necessary and ubiquitous for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Anaesthetic management of patients with severe tracheal stenosis has always been a challenge. The efficacy and safety of the MAC with sufentanil target controlled infusion (TCI) and remifentanil TCI in patients with severe tracheal stenosis are still unknown.Methods analysisThis study is a prospective, investigator-initiated, two-arm, randomised control trial to compare the efficacy and safety of sufentanil TCI with remifentanil TCI in patients with severe tracheal stenosis undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 270 patients will be randomly assigned to the sufentanil TCI group or remifentanil TCI group, with a 1:1 ratio in two groups. The primary outcome is the incidence of hypoxaemia (an oxygen saturation of <90%). The secondary outcome investigates the severity of hypoxaemia, cough severity, haemodynamic variables, sedation scores and satisfaction scores.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (approval No. K19-122). The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100043380.
Prediction of late-onset fetal growth restriction by umbilical artery velocities at 37 weeks of gestation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Hongli , Zhang Lan , Luo Xin , Li Junnan , Huang Shuai , Qi Hongbo 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the predictive capacity of umbilical artery (UA) velocities at 37 weeks of gestation in identifying fetal growth restriction (FGR).DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsWe retrospectively recruited 569 fetuses in the study. Thirty-nine FGR infants and 57 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants with normal UA Doppler at 37 weeks, as the study groups and 473 adequate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants as a control group in a tertiary referral centre.MethodsAll the parameters of UA velocities, including the UA end-diastolic velocity (UA-EDV), UA peak systolic velocity (UA-PSV), UA mean diastolic velocity (UA-MDV) and UA time-averaged maximum velocity (UA-TAMXV), and UA Doppler were measured at approximately 37 weeks of gestation.ResultsAmong the FGR, SGA and AGA groups, the UA-MDV, UA-TAMXV, UA-PSV and UA-EDV decreased with the loss of fetal weight. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the UA-TAMXV was an independent predicting factor of FGR. It had a moderate predictive value for FGR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.85).ConclusionsThe UA velocities decreased with the loss of fetal weight among the FGR, SGA and AGA groups and the UA-TAMXV was independently predictive of FGR. The results suggest that the UA-TAMXV might be a new parameter to predict FGR prior to delivery.