bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of face-to-face physiotherapy training and education for women who are undergoing elective caesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weerasinghe Kalani , Rishard Mohamed , Brabaharan Subhani , Mohamed Aysha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Caesarean Section (CS) is associated with numerous post-operative problems. The current literature reveals that physiotherapy interventions such as pelvic floor rehabilitation and post-surgical rehabilitation enable enhanced recovery in the post-operative period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of face-to-face physiotherapy training and education prior to elective CS in improving post-operative outcomes.

Methods
A single blind parallel randomized controlled study was carried out at De Soysa Hospital for Women (DSHW), Colombo. Fifty-four women who were to undergo elective CS were recruited to the study. The women in the intervention group (n = 27) received face-to-face physiotherapy training and education; the control group (n = 27) received only the standard nursing care. Outcome measures such as perception of post-operative pain, dosage of additional analgesics required, pain upon returning to functional activities and lengths of hospital stay were collected. Results were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20 using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test.

Results
Mean post-operative pain score (control group; 4.2±0.46 vs. intervention group; 1.7±0.7) and doses of additional analgesics required were significantly higher in the control group than that of the intervention group. Pain upon returning to functional activities decreased significantly within 2 days in both groups, and values were lower in the intervention group. The intervention group showed a shorter hospital stay than the control group (control group;3.9 ± 0.3 vs. intervention group;3.00 ± 0.0) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Face-to-face physiotherapy training and education prior to elective CS appears to be a promising intervention to improve the post-operative outcomes by reducing post-operative pain, doses of additional analgesics required, pain upon returning to functional activities and lengths of hospital stay.

Trial registration
SLCTR/2019/029-APPL/2019/028; Registered on 6th of September 2019.
Development of a course based on BEAM robots to enhance STEM learning in electrical, electronic, and mechanical domains
Authors: Boya-Lara Carlos , Saavedra Doris , Fehrenbach Aaron , Marquez-Araque Angel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, BEAM robotics is proposed to enhance the STEM knowledge and skills of engineering students in the electrical, electronic, and mechanical domains. To evaluate the proposal, a course is designed and implemented based on a curriculum with objectives and learning activities centered on the design, construction, and operation of the BEAM robots. In addition, the connection between this proposal and computational thinking is explored. Students learn to recognize each part of robots and how they are related, abstract useful information from an electronic scheme and concretize it in a machine by systematizing their behavior. In addition, thanks to an evaluation of the behavior of the robot, identify the faults and apply the solution, as in the debugging process carried out in software programming. It should be added that BEAM robotics has a sustainable and low-cost aspect, which is used in learning activities where Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is recycled, and students are taught to value and integrate these parts into the design of the robots. A pre and post survey and a respective statistical analysis and evaluation of curricular activities are presented as evidence of the improvement observed in students’ STEM knowledge and skills. In general, the results show that this new teaching tool can promote the STEM curriculum in engineering students and motivate implementation, as a new educational robot, at other academic levels such as secondary and pre-secondary education.
Diagnostic accuracy of Schistosoma immunochromatographic IgG/IgM rapid test in the detection of schistosomiasis in Zambia
Authors: Mudenda Jolezya , Hamooya Benson M. , Tembo Shadreck , Halwindi Hikabasa , Siwila Joyce , Phiri Masauso Moses 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis or bilharzia is one of the neglected tropical diseases affecting over 230 million people globally. In Zambia, the infection poses as one of the major public health burdens among parasitic infections. The diagnosis of schistosomiasis in endemic countries is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Schistosoma immunochromatographic (ICT) IgG–IgM rapid diagnostic test in the detection of schistosome infections from Schistosoma haematobium and mansoni in Siavonga district in Zambia.

Results
The diagnostic performance of Schistosoma ICT IgG–IgM test was evaluated using 430 of the 440 participants’ samples which had complete data. The prevalence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni was 4.4% and 6%, respectively, while seroprevalence was 71.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Schistosoma ICT IgG–IgM test was found to be 100% and 32.2%, respectively. The associated positive predictive value was 13.8% and 100% for negative predictive value. Diagnostic accuracy [area under the curve (AUC)] was 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52, 0.62].

Conclusions
The Schistosoma ICT IgG–IgM proved to have remarkably high sensitivity with a fairly good specificity and diagnostic accuracy for the detection of both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis. We therefore recommend the test as it is ideal for screening in the light of current focus of disease elimination in endemic countries.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Polish adaptation of a Self-Report Form of the DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS-SR)
Authors: Łakuta Patryk , Cieciuch Jan , Strus Włodzimierz , Morey Leslie C. 
Published: February 2022

Cel pracyPodstawowym celem badania było opracowanie charakterystyki psychometrycznej polskiej adaptacji Samoopisowej Skali Poziomu Funkcjonowania Osobowości wg DSM-5 (Level of Personality Functioning Scale—Self Report; LPFS-SR). Narzędzie umożliwia pomiar ogólnego nasilenia nieprawidłowości funkcjonowania osobowości, łącznie z oceną nieprawidłowego funkcjonowania w sferach intrapsychicznej (tj. w zakresie tożsamości i kierowania sobą) oraz interpersonalnej (tj. w zakresie bliskości i empatii) – wg kryterium A alternatywnego modelu zaburzeń osobowości DSM-5.MetodaBadanie przeprowadzono w grupie nieklinicznej, obejmującej 242 dorosłych (52,9% kobiet; Mwiek = 30,63 lat; SDwiek = 11,81 lat). Do oszacowania trafności wykorzystano Inwentarz Osobowości PID-5 (Personality Inventory for DSM-5), Inwentarz Osobowości PiCD (Personality Inventory for ICD-11), kwestionariusz LPFS-BF 2.0 (Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0) oraz kwestionariusz BFI-2 (Big Five Inventory-2).WynikiWykazano, że u podstaw komponentów funkcjonowania osobowości mierzonych za pomocą LPFS-SR (tj. tożsamości, kierowania sobą, bliskości i empatii) leży jeden silny czynnik ogólny – zgodnie z założeniem, że struktura konstruktu odnoszącego się do nieprawidłowości funkcjonowania osobowości (kryterium A) ma charakter jednorodny. LPFS-SR cechuje się dobrą rzetelnością pomiaru. Wyniki kwestionariusza wykazują teoretycznie oczekiwane zależności z ogólnym wskaźnikiem nasilenia patologii osobowości i innymi teoretycznie powiązanymi miarami funkcjonowania osobowości. Ponadto, podskale LPFS-SR odnoszące się do poszczególnych komponentów funkcjonowania osobowości wykazują odrębność od nieprzystosowawczych cech osobowości ujętych w alternatywnym modelu zaburzeń osobowości DSM-5 (tj. kryterium B).WnioskiUzyskane wyniki potwierdzają trafność polskiej adaptacji kwestionariusza LPFS-SR jako operacjonalizacji nieprawidłowości funkcjonowania osobowości zgodnie z konceptualizacją zawartą w alternatywnym modelu zaburzeń osobowości DSM-5.
current knowledge on ASXL1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Andrzejewska Marta , Lubarska Marta , Czerwik Jakub , Kipka Anna , Kowalczuk Klaudia 
Published: February 2022

Ostra białaczka szpikowa jest nowotworem złośliwym układu krwiotwórczego, w patogenezie której centralną rolę pełnią mutacje genów kontrolujących dojrzewanie i apoptozę komórek progenitorowych szpiku. Istotna rokowniczo jest mutacja w genie ASXL1, którego produkt białkowy bierze udział w regulacji ekspresji genów. Jest ona negatywnym czynnikiem prognostycznym i predykcyjnym. Szacuje się, że mutacja genu ASXL1 występuje u 14,4-19,1% pacjentów z AML i jest częstsza u mężczyzn powyżej 60 roku życia. Aberracje chromosomów 8 i 11 często współwystępują z mutacją genu ASXL1 w AML i mogą stanowić dodatkową, istotną prognostycznie informację. Leczenie chorych z AML dopasowywane jest do pacjenta w zależności od grupy ryzyka, zmian kariotypu oraz współistniejących mutacji. Duża liczba chorych nie kwalifikuje się do allo-HSCT, choć ta metoda znacznie poprawia przeżywalność pacjentów z AML z mutacją genu ASXL1. Zastosowanie w terapii tych pacjentów może mieć również gilterytynib, jednak mnogość towarzyszących mutacji zmusza do bazowania na chemioterapii opartej na niespecyficznych lekach cytotoksycznych. Celem pracy jest podsumowanie najważniejszych informacji dotyczących patogenezy, cech szczególnych, diagnostyki i terapii AML z współistniejącą mutacją ASXL1.
Using reflective practice for personal development planning
Authors: Elsden Jacqui 
Published: February 2022

Jacqui Elsden discusses using reflective practice for personal development planning Aims To explain the role of reflection and its importance for personal development planning Objectives Readers will understand the importance of reflection for personal development planning Readers will be able to reflect upon their own activities to inform their future personal and professional development. Readers will have the tools to complete a personal development plan GDC development outcome B and D
Hyaluronidase use in aesthetic medicine: a review
Authors: Steward Jenna , Müller Amanda , Geller Georgia 
Published: February 2022

Background: Demand for hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler procedures is rapidly growing, and several adverse events are recognised with these procedures. Since the use of hyaluronidase as a dissolving agent in HA dermal filler complications, dermal filler-related outcomes have improved. Aims: This integrative literature review will aim to present the current evidence for the safety of hyaluronidase use in the aesthetic field. Methods: CINAHL and OVID databases and the author's university search platform were searched for primary studies that support the use of hyaluronidase for HA dermal filler adverse events or primary studies descriptive of adverse outcomes with the use of hyaluronidase. Findings: A total of 17 studies were located: four cohort studies and 13 case studies. Two themes were identified throughout the captured literature: ‘hyaluronidase reactions and treatment’ and ‘intradermal skin testing’. Conclusion: Adverse reactions to hyaluronidase are rare, and most reactions can be safely mitigated with conservative management or antihistamine and corticosteroid treatment. The small risk of adverse reactions to hyaluronidase needs to be weighed against the risk of not treating HA dermal filler complications, both physically and psychologically. In most HA dermal filler complications, hyaluronidase treatment remains beneficial, despite the rare risk of sensitivity.
Students’ External Representation Patterns of Suspending Objects in Static Fluid
Authors: Mansyur Jusman , Werdhiana I Komang , Darsikin Darsikin , Kaharu Sarintan N. , Tadeko Nurgan 
Published: February 2022

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study aims to explore the pattern of external representation of suspending objects in a static fluid. The study used a qualitative descriptive method involving 57 elementary, junior, senior school, and university students. Data collection implemented a 30-item test covering the dominant context of suspending and partially floating and sinking. Some of phenomenographic steps were adapted in data analysis. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that there is a dominant external representation pattern, where there is a simplification of the depiction of suspending objects. Suspending position tends to be locked in a limited area, namely in the middle of the depth of the liquid. In the context of suspending objects' cuts, the cuts were generally represented by an upward shifting pattern. Factors that influence the pattern of representation are the involvement of intuition in conceptualizing the phenomena presented, and the conceptual aspect of density has not been integrated into the reasoning process for compiling external representations, both diagrams, and texts. Research limitation is presented in this article.</p>
“It must start with me, so it started with me”: A qualitative study of Project YES! youth peer mentor implementing experiences supporting adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Ndola, Zambia
Authors: Burke Virginia M. , Frimpong Christiana , Miti Sam , Mwansa Jonathan K. , Abrams Elizabeth A. , Merrill Katherine G. , Denison Julie A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Little is known about youth-led approaches to addressing HIV-related outcomes among adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV. In response, Project YES! hired and trained youth living with HIV as peer mentors (YPMs) in four HIV clinics in Ndola, Zambia to hold meetings with 276 15-24-year-olds living with HIV. Within this randomized controlled trial, a qualitative sub-study was conducted to explore YPMs’ implementing experiences.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with the eight YPMs (50% female) ages 21–26 years. YPMs were asked about their experiences working with clients, their feedback on program components, and what the experience meant to them personally and professionally. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was performed.

Results
YPMs connected with AYA clients by discussing shared struggles, modeling positive health behaviors, and establishing judgement-free environments. YPMs experienced powerful personal transformations in HIV-related health behaviors, conceptions of self, and plans for the future. Many expressed now seeing themselves as community leaders–“ambassadors”, “game changers”–and “not just alone in this world.” They described newfound commitments to reaching personal and professional goals. YPMs were adamant that Project YES! should expand so other HIV-positive AYA might benefit.

Conclusion
Well-trained and compensated YPMs who are integrated into HIV clinics can support AYA in unique and important ways due to their shared experiences. The transformational experience of becoming YPMs empowers youth to see themselves as role models and leaders. Future programs should engage youth living with HIV as partners in efforts to end the HIV epidemic.
Help seeking behavior by women experiencing intimate partner violence in india: A machine learning approach to identifying risk factors
Authors: Dehingia Nabamallika , Dey Arnab K. , McDougal Lotus , McAuley Julian , Singh Abhishek , Raj Anita 
Published: February 2022

Background
Despite the low prevalence of help-seeking behavior among victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in India, quantitative evidence on risk factors, is limited. We use a previously validated exploratory approach, to examine correlates of help-seeking from anyone (e.g. family, friends, police, doctor etc.), as well as help-seeking from any formal sources.

Methods
We used data from a nationally-representative health survey conducted in 2015–16 in India, and included all variables in the dataset (~6000 variables) as independent variables. Two machine learning (ML) models were used- L-1, and L-2 regularized logistic regression models. The results from these models were qualitatively coded by researchers to identify broad themes associated with help-seeking behavior. This process of implementing ML models followed by qualitative coding was repeated until pre-specified criteria were met.

Results
Identified themes associated with help-seeking behavior included experience of injury from violence, husband’s controlling behavior, husband’s consumption of alcohol, and being currently separated from husband. Themes related to women’s access to social and economic resources, such as women’s employment, and receipt of maternal and reproductive health services were also noted to be related factors. We observed similarity in correlates for seeking help from anyone, vs from formal sources, with a greater focus on women being separated for help-seeking from formal sources.

Conclusion
Findings highlight the need for community programs to reach out to women trapped in abusive relationships, as well as the importance of women’s social and economic connectedness; future work should consider holistic interventions that integrate IPV screening and support services with women’s health related services.
Projections of the economic burden of care for individuals with dementia in mainland China from 2010 to 2050
Authors: Huang Yixiang , Li Xiande , Liu Zifeng , Huo Jinhai , Guo Jianwei , Chen Yingying , Chen Yanmei , Chen Ruoling 
Published: February 2022

Background
China has stepped into an era of aging society, where the impending considerable economic burden attributed to high prevalence of dementia in the elderly appears to be one of the most important health and social issues to deal with for the country. However, population-based quantification and projections for the economic burden of dementia in China are lacking for further health action and policy making.

Objective
To estimate and predict the costs of managing dementia in the elderly population aged 60 and above from 2010 to 2050 in China.

Methods
Data were collected from a six-province study (n = 7072) and other multiple sources for calculation of the economic burden of dementia. With the convincing data from published studies, we quantified and projected the costs attributed to dementia in China from 2010 to 2050.

Results
The national cost of dementia in 2010 was estimated to be US$22.8 billion by the opportunity cost method and US$26.4 billion by the proxy method. In 2050, the costs would increase to US$372.3 billion by the opportunity cost method and US$430.6 billion by the proxy method, consuming 0.53% and 0.61% of China’s total GDP, respectively. A series of sensitivity analyses showed that the changes in the proportions of informal caregiving led to the most robust changes in the total burden of care for dementia in China.

Conclusion
Dementia represents an enormous burden on China’s population health and economy. Due to the changes in policies and population structure, policymakers should give priority to dementia care.
Combination of Xpert® MTB/RIF and DetermineTM TB-LAM Ag improves the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at Jimma University Medical Center, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Simieneh Asnake , Tadesse Mulualem , Kebede Wakjira , Gashaw Mulatu , Abebe Gemeda 
Published: February 2022

Background
Ethiopia is one of the high burden countries for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB); however, the prompt diagnosis of EPTB remains challenging. This study is aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and DetermineTM TB-LAM Ag (TB-LAM) for the prompt diagnosis of EPTB in Ethiopia.

Methods
A total of 147 presumptive EPTB patients, including 23 HIV- positive participants were enrolled. Extra-pulmonary samples were collected from all presumptive EPTB cases and tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) using fluorescent microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF, and culture. Additionally, urine samples were also collected from 126 participants and were tested by DetermineTM TB-LAM Ag (Alere Inc, Waltham, USA). The Sensitivity and specificity of Xpert and TB- LAM tests were calculated by comparing with a composite reference standard (CRS), which comprises smear microscopy, culture and response to empirical anti-TB treatment.

Results
Of 147 patients, 23 (15.6%) were confirmed EPTB cases (culture-positive), 14 (9.5%) were probable EPTB (clinically, radiologically or cytologically positive and received anti-TB treatment with good response), and 110 (74.8%) were classified as “non- TB” cases. Compared to the composite reference standard (CRS), the overall sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF were 43.2% and 100%, respectively with the highest sensitivity for Lymph node aspirate (85.7%) and lower sensitivity for pleural fluid (14.3%) and 100% specificity for all specimen types. The sensitivity and specificity of TB-LAM were 33.3% and 94.4% respectively with the highest sensitivity for HIV co-infected participants (83.3%). The sensitivity of the combination of Xpert MTB/RIF and TB-LAM tests regardless of HIV status was 61.1% whereas the sensitivity was improved to 83.3% for HIV-positive cases.

Conclusion
TB-LAM alone has low sensitivity for EPTB diagnosis; however, the combination of TB-LAM and Xpert MTB/RIF improves the diagnosis of EPTB particularly for countries with high EPTB and HIV cases.
The rates and measurement of adherence to acamprosate in randomised controlled clinical trials: A systematic review
Authors: Donoghue Kim , Hermann Laura , Brobbin Eileen , Drummond Colin 
Published: February 2022

Aim
The current research aims to systematically review the rates of adherence reported in randomised controlled clinical trials of acamprosate. It also sought to determine the reliability of the adherence monitoring and measurement methods used in these trials.

Methods
The protocol for this review was pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42021230011). A search of the literature was conducted using OVID MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from database inception to January 2021. Randomised controlled trials with a minimum sample size of 10 per treatment arm that compared the efficacy of acamprosate with placebo or other active medication in adults with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence were included. Data on rates of adherence, methods of measurement and monitoring of adherence was extracted from eligible studies independently in duplicate by two reviewers. A weighted mean adherence rate was calculated. The reliability of adherence monitoring methods was determined by calculating an adherence-assurance score based on the adherence monitoring method used. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

Results
Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria involving 4,450 participants (2,480 participants in the placebo arms). A mean adherence rate of 88% (54.2–95.0%) was reported across studies that reported the percentage of medication taken. A mean adherence rate of 84.9% (56.4–91.3%) was reported for trials that reported the percentage of participants taking more than 80% of medication prescribed. There is low confidence in the methods used to monitor adherence with all clinical trials having a low adherence-assurance rating. Risk of bias was judged to be high for all included studies.

Conclusions
Adherence to acamprosate in clinical trials can be poor with low confidence in the methods used to measure it. Adherence rates therefore might not be accurate, which has implications for determining the efficacy of acamprosate.