bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Current Concussion Identification and Diagnosis Methods in Sports Settings. A Systematic Review
Authors: Daly Ed , Pearce Alan J , Finnegan Emma , Cooney Ciara , McDonagh Maria , Scully Grainne , McCann Michael , Doherty Ronan , White Adam , Phelan Simon , Howarth Nathan , Ryan Lisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundConcussion in sport is an ongoing global concern. The head injury assessment (HIA) by the field of play is acknowledged as the first step in recognising and identifying concussion. While previous systematic literature reviews have evaluated the sensitivity of sideline screening tools and assessment protocols, no systematic review has evaluated the research designs and assessments used in a field setting. This systematic review investigated existing screening and diagnostic tools used in research as part of the HIA protocol to identify concussion that are currently used in professional, semi-professional and amateur (club) sports settings. MethodsA systematic searching of relevant databases was undertaken for peer-reviewed literature between 2015 and 2020. ResultsTwenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were of moderate to good quality, reporting a variety of designs. The majority of studies were undertaken in professional/elite environments with medical doctors and allied health practitioners (e.g., physical therapists) involved in 88% of concussion assessments. While gender was reported in 24 of the 25 studies, the majority of participants were male (77%). There was also a variety of concussion assessments (n=20) with the sports concussion assessment tool (SCAT) used in less than half of the included studies. ConclusionThe majority of studies investigating concussion HIAs are focused on professional/elite sport. With concussion an issue at all levels of sport, future research should be directed at non-elite sport. Further, for research purposes, the SCAT assessment should also be used more widely to allow for consistency across studies.
Machine Learning-Based Classifiers To Predict Metastasis In Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Borumandnia Nasrin , Akbari Abolfazl , Gramifar Mohammad , Talebi Atefeh , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Azizpour Mazaher , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha , Sedaghat Meghdad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the past three decades in Iran has made it as a key public health burden. The goal of the study was to predict the metastasis in CRC patients using machine learning approach. Methods: This study is focused on 1127 CRC patients, who underwent proper treatments in tertiary Taleghani Hospital. The machine learning approach including Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network (NN), Regression Tree (RT) and Logistic Regression (LR) were used for the prediction of metastasis in CRC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity and AUC were carried out to evaluate the performance of the approaches Results: Out of 1127 patients, 183(16%) experienced metastasis. In prediction of metastasis, the NN and RF had the most sensitivity. Also the specificity of NN and DT were greater in comparison to other methods. The NN had the highest AUC (0.99%), topmost sensitivity (98.5%) and accuracy (99.6%).Conclusion: Both tumor stage and size of tumor were regarded as indispensable variables in RF model, whereas the NN generally outperformed other ML-based approaches.
SARS-CoV-2 Suppression and Early Closure of Bars and Restaurants: A Longitudinal Natural Experiment
Authors: Takaku Reo , Yokoyama Izumi , Tabuchi Takahiro , Oguni Masaki , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Despite severe economic damage, full-service restaurants and bars have been closed in hopes of suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. This paper explores whether the early closure of restaurants and bars in February 2021 reduced symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan. Using a large-scale nationally representative longitudinal survey, we found that the early closure of restaurants and bars decreased the utilization rate among young persons (OR 0.688; CI95 0.515-0.918) and those who visited these places before the pandemic (OR 0.754; CI95 0.594-0.957). However, symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 did not decrease in these active and high-risk subpopulations. Among the more inactive and low-risk subpopulations, such as elderly persons, no discernible impacts are observed in both the utilization of restaurants and bars and the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. These results suggest that the early closure of restaurants and bars without any other concurrent measures does not contribute to the suppression of SARS-CoV-2.
Transforming China's Power Systems To Facilitate Carbon Reductions
Authors: Pan Mingjie , Xie Da , Gu Chenghong , Liu Gaowei , Wang Xitian , Zhao Chenghan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to fulfill China's commitment to reaching the carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, it is crucial to reduce carbon emissions from its power systems, especially from coal-fired power generation. Here we examine how China's electricity generation mix, i.e., the share of electricity generated by different types of power sources, can be reformed to maximize carbon reductions. We use China's national development in the SSP5 scenario (a specific scenario of Shared Socio-Economic Pathways) from the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) as the base scenario and recalculate SSP5's electricity sector. We calculate the generation mix of six regional power grids, under the constraint of frequency stability, to find out the national minimum share of coal-fired power and corresponding carbon emissions, and then develop a carbon reduction pathway. We observe that under the base scenario, China could achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 with the contribution of adjusting the generation mix and significantly reducing the share of coal-fired generation. If other appropriate strategies are adopted, such as optimizing the structure of transmission networks and promoting energy storage, China's power systems are well positioned to completely drop coal by 2100 and China can achieve carbon peak and neutrality more quickly.
Epiregulin, Epigen and Betacellulin Antibodies and Axial Elongation in Young Guinea Pigs with Lens-Induced Myopization
Authors: Dong Li , Zhang Rui-Heng , Li Yi-Fan , Wu Hao-Tian , Li He-Yan , Shi Xu-Han , Zhou Wen-Da , Jonas Jost. B. , Wei Wen-Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To examine an effect of intravitreally applied antibodies against epidermal growth factor family members, namely epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin, on ocular axial elongation.Methods: The experimental study included 30 guinea pigs (age:3-4 weeks) which underwent bilateral lens-induced myopization and received three intraocular injections of 20µg of epiregulin antibody, epigen antibody and betacellulin antibody in weekly intervals into their right eyes, and of phosphate-buffered saline into their left eyes. Seven days after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed. Axial length was measured by sonographic biometry. Results: At baseline, right eyes and left eyes did not differ (all P>0.10) in axial length in neither group, nor did the interocular difference in axial length vary between the groups (P=0.19). During the study period, right and left eyes elongated (P<0.001) from 8.08±0.07mm to 8.59±0.06mm and from 8.08±0.07mm to 8.66±0.07mm, respectively. The interocular difference (left eye minus right eye) in axial elongation increased significantly in all three groups (epiregulin-antibody:from 0.03±0.06mm at one week after baseline to 0.16±0.08mm at three weeks after baseline;P=0.001); epigen-antibody group:from -0.01±0.06mm to 0.06±0.08mm;P=0.02; betacellulin antibody group:from -0.05±0.05mm to 0.02±0.04mm;P=0.004). Correspondingly, interocular difference in axial length increased from -0.02±0.04mm to 0.13±0.06mm in the epiregulin-antibody group (P<0.001), and from 0.01±0.05mm to 0.07±0.05mm in the epigen-antibody group (P=0.045). In the betacellulin-antibody group the increase (0.01±0.04mm to 0.03±0.03mm) was not significant (P=0.24). Conclusions: The EGF family members epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin may be associated with axial elongation in young guinea pigs, with the effect decreasing from epiregulin to epigen and to betacellulin.
Highly Time-Resolved 4d Mr Angiography Using Golden-Angle Radial Sparse Parallel (Grasp) Mri
Authors: Goldman-Yassen Adam E. , Raz Eytan , Borja Maria J. , Chen Duan , Derman Anna , Dogra Siddhant , Block Kai Tobias , Dehkharghani Seena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Current dynamic MRA techniques are limited by temporal resolution and signal-to-noise penalties. GRASP, a fast and flexible MRI technique combining compressed-sensing, parallel imaging, and golden-angle radial sampling, acquires volumetric data continuously and can be reconstructed post hoc for user-defined applications. We describe a custom pipeline to retrospectively reconstruct ultrahigh temporal resolution, dynamic MRA from GRASP imaging obtained in the course of routine practice. GRASP scans were reconstructed using a custom implementation of the GRASP algorithm and post-processed with MeVisLab (MeVis Medical Solutions AG, Germany). Twenty consecutive examinations were scored by three neuroradiologists for angiographic quality of specific vascular segments and imaging artifacts using a 4-point scale. Unsubtracted images, baseline-subtracted images, and a time-domain intensity gradient dataset were available in 2D and 3D reconstructions. Distinct arterial and capillary phases were identified in all reconstructions, median of 2 frames (IQR1-3 and 2-3, respectively). Median rating for vascular segments was 3 (excellent) in all reconstructions and for nearly all segments, with excellent intraclass correlation (range 0.91-1.00). No cases were degraded by artifacts. GRASP-MRI obtained in routine practice can be seamlessly repurposed to produce high quality 4D-MRA with sub-second resolved, isotropic cerebrovascular angiography. Further exploration into diagnostic accuracy in disease-specific applications is warranted.
Epidemic Analysis of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in India
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Liang Ruirui , Yang Qiaoling , Yang Yunfeng , Qiu Songyin , Zhang Hui , Qu Xiaosheng , Chen Qin , Niu Bing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a serious disease that damages goats, sheep and other small ruminants. As one of the earliest and most serious countries, PPR has seriously threatened India's animal husbandry economy. ResultsIn this study, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the PPR outbreak were analyzed. Between 2010 and 2018, the epidemic in India broke out all over the country in a cluster distribution. Herd concentration in southern India is an area with high mortality of PPR, and the outbreak time of PPR has significant seasonality. Then, the analysis of the development and transmission of the disease showed that under the natural infection conditions without control measures, India reached the outbreak peak within 15 days. Finally, scenario tree quantitative risk analysis showed that the average probability of infecting PPRV in live sheep exported from India was 1.45×10-4. ConclusionsThis study analyzed the prevalence of PPR in India. The analysis of transmission dynamics on the development of the epidemic provides a reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic. At the same time, it provides risk analysis and suggestions on trade measures for the trading countries of India.
Experimental study on dynamics of the multi-individual clapping interacting system
Authors: Su Shilan , Xiao Jinghua , Gao Jian , Wu Ye 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Clapping synchronization in the concert hall is one of the paradigmatic phenomena in daily life. Though the multi-individual clapping system has been widely investigated for its rich dynamics, little is known about the interaction - a foundation of synchronization. The goal of this study is to uncover the dynamics underlying interaction by observing individuals synchronizing clapping rhythms. We find three coupling states in the multi-individual clapping process: local synchronization, complete synchronization, and complete desynchronization. The statistical analysis shows that the clapping rhythms of arbitrary two individuals in the system exhibit long-range cross-correlations, i.e., the next clapping beat to be played by one individual is dependent on the entire history of the system. Surprisingly, we find that the mean-field for the system with a small number of individuals (N<5) is not necessary for the emergence of the synchronization process. To understand these findings, we propose a theoretical model for mutually interacting individuals, which can well reproduce the statistical characteristics of the multi-individual clapping process and suggest a physiologically motivated explanation for the occurrence of the multi-individual clapping synchronization. Though this study provides an understanding about the fundamental characteristics of the multi-individual clapping interacting system, the statistical framework and theoretical model may also be applied to study the dynamics of other complex systems with multiple coupled oscillators.
Ponatinib for RAS-Driven Multiple Myeloma: Efficacy in the High-Risk VQ Myeloma Model
Authors: Flietner Evan , Wen Zhi , Rajagopalan Adhithi , Jung Oisun , Wiesner Joshua , You Xiaona , Zhou Yun , Kingstad-Bakke Brock , Callander Natalie , Rapraeger Alan , Suresh M. , Asimakopoulos Fotis , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell cancer. Mutations in RAS pathway genes are prevalent in advanced and proteasome inhibitor (PI) refractory MM. As such, we recently developed a VQ MM mouse model recapitulating human advanced/high-risk MM. Using VQ MM cell lines we conducted a re-purpose screen of 147 FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs with or without trametinib (Tra), a MEK inhibitor. Consistent with its high-risk molecular feature, VQ MM displayed reduced responses to PIs and de novo resistance to the Bcl2 inhibitor, venetoclax. Ponatinib (Pon) is the only tyrosine kinase inhibitor that showed moderate MM killing activity as single agent and strong synergism with Tra in vitro. Combined Tra and Pon treatment significantly prolonged the survival of VQ MM mice regardless of treatment schemes. However, this survival benefit was moderate compared to that of Tra alone. Further testing of Tra and Pon on cytotoxic CD8 T cells showed that Pon, but not Tra, blocked T cell function in vitro, suggesting that the negative impact of Pon on T cells may partially counteract its MM-killing synergism with Tra in vivo. Our study provides strong rational to comprehensively evaluate agents on both MM cells and anti-MM immune cells during therapy development.
Role Of VEGFB In Electrical Pulse Stimulation Inhibits Apoptosis In C2C12 Myotubes
Authors: Guo LanLan , Li YanJun , Xing Zheng , Zhang JingBo , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the major effector organ for exercise. It has been proposed that the expression of VEGFB in skeletal muscle is significantly related to apoptosis. However, whether the decrease in VEGFB in skeletal muscle participates in the occurrence of skeletal muscle apoptosis and whether exercise inhibits apoptosis by promoting the expression of VEGFB in skeletal muscle cells have not been reported thus far. Here, we developed in vitro experiments to mimic the effect of exercise through electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to observe the effect of EPS on apoptosis and the change in VEGFB expression in differentiated myotubes. In addition, we employed RNA interference experiments to explore whether VEGFB is directly involved in the regulation of myotube apoptosis during EPS. Our results showed that exogenous VEGFB167 significantly inhibited C2C12 myotube apoptosis induced by TNF-α treatment and that endogenous VEGFB in differentiated C2C12 myotubes was upregulated significantly by EPS. In addition, EPS decreased the expression of the apoptotic indicators Bax and Bcl-2 at the mRNA level and downregulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3. The antiapoptotic effect of EPS weakened substantially as VEGFB in C2C12 myotubes was inhibited. Taken together, exercise-like EPS inhibits apoptosis by promoting the expression of C2C12 myotube-derived VEGFB.
Screening of miRNA prognostic biomarkers of gastric adenocarcinoma and biological function analysis of their target genes
Authors: Zheng Guoliang , Yang Dong , Zhao Yan , Zheng Zhichao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To identify microRNA (miRNA) prognostic biomarkers of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).Methods Bioinformatics analysis were performed by screening of miRNA sequencing and clinical data in TCGA-STAD database and identification of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) using the R software package. The data were randomly divided (1:1) into a training set and a test set to construct a linear prognostic risk model of miRNAs for Cox regression analysis. To evaluate the predictive power of the prognostic model, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and generation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed in the test group and all patients with gastric cancer, respectively. The miRNA-target genes were predicted using the prognostic model, and then their biological functions were analyzed. Results A total of 267 DEMs were identified (185 upregulated, 82 downregulated). The reliability of DEMs in the model was verified by qPCR. Five miRNAs (miR-135b-3p, miR-196b-3p, miR-942-3p, miR-143-5p, and miR-9-3p) were identified as independent prognostic factors by univariate and multivariate COX analyses. According to Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the overall survival rate in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group. A total of 2,498 miRNA target genes were predicted, mainly enriched in Notch, MAPK, and TGF-beta signaling pathways. qPCR analysis confirmed that the five DEMs in the model were consistent with bioinformatics analysis results of the DEMs in the TCGA-STAD database. Conclusion The prognostic risk model with the five differentially expressed miRNAs can be used to predict the prognosis of STAD, which will help to further guide clinical treatment.
South Korean Validation of the COVID-related-PTSD Scale in a Non-clinical Sample Exposed to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Hwa Jung , Kim Ye Jin , Lee Dong Hun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The threat of COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea and around the globe challenges on not only physical health but also on mental health, it can be referred to traumatic events to citizens. The aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), named as K-COVID-related-PTSD, which investigate PTSD symptomology in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. Total of 1434 South Korean population were included in this study. The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a superior fit for the seven-factor hybrid model consisting of reexperiencing, negative affect, anxious arousal, dysphoric arousal, avoidance, anhedonia, and externalizing behaviors. Also K-COVID-related-PTSD showed high internal consistency and the validity (concurrent validity) was confirmed by that the scale was significantly associated with negative mental health outcomes (somatization, depression, anxiety, anger, stress, negative affect, job burnout, and suicidal ideation). Overall, the current results demonstrate the South Korean COVID-related-PTSD is a valid scale therefore can be considered for future pandemic related studies.
Fluoroscopy-only Based Interventional Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ebelt Henning , Linss Luisa , Roehl Peter , Pertschy Uta , Schwenzky Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether echocardiography is dispensible during interventional LAA closure when preplanning is done by cardiac CT.Background: Interventional closure of the LAA is an established treatment alternative for patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk for bleeding events under oral anticoagulation. Today, most LAAC procedures are guided by TEE which, however, leads to the need for patient sedation and might even cause direct harm to the patient. Technical improvements in device design and interventional experience might allow to abstain from TEE.Methods: Fluoro-FLX is a prospective single center study to evaluate how often TEE leads to a procedural change during interventional LAAC if a dedicated CT planning algorithm is applied and the newest generation of the WATCHMAN device (WATCHMAN FLX) is used. The study hypothesis is that under these circumstances fluoroscopy-only guided LAAC is non-inferior to a TEE-guided approach, the primary endpoint is defined as the percentage of LAAC procedures without interruption by TEE. All procedures are pre-planned by cardiac CT and finally guided by fluoroscopy only while TEE is carried out in the background during the intervention for safety reasons. Results: In none of 31 consecutive patients, TEE led to a change of the fluoroscopy-guided LAAC (success ratio: 1.00; CI: 0.94 – 1.00) thereby meeting the primary endpoint of non-inferiority. There were no procedure-related adverse cerebrovascular events (no pericardial effusion, TIA, stroke, systemic embolism, device embolism, death).Conclusions: Our data suggest that it is feasible to perform LAAC under sole fluoroscopic guidance if pre-planning is performed by cardiac CT and WATCHMAN FLX is used.
Short Periods of Bipolar Anodal TDCS Induce No Instantaneous Dose-Dependent Increase in Cerebral Blood Flow in the Targeted Human Motor Cortex
Authors: Liu Marie Louise , Karabanov Anke Ninija , Piek Marjolein , Petersen Esben Thade , Thielscher Axel , Siebner Hartwig Roman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (aTDCS) of primary motor hand area (M1-HAND) can enhance corticomotor excitability. Yet, it is still unknown which current intensity produces the strongest effect on regional neural activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with pseudo-continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (pc-ASL MRI) can map regional cortical blood flow (rCBF) and may thus be useful to probe the relationship between current intensity and neural response at the individual level.
Objective
Here we employed pc-ASL MRI to map acute rCBF changes during short-duration aTDCS of left M1-HAND. Using the rCBF response as a proxy for regional neuronal activity, we investigated if short-duration aTDCS produces an instantaneous dose-dependent rCBF increase in the targeted M1-HAND that may be useful for individual dosing.
Methods
Nine healthy right-handed participants received 30 seconds of aTDCS at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mA with the anode placed over left M1-HAND and cathode over the right supraorbital region. Concurrent pc-ASL MRI at 3 T probed TDCS-related rCBF changes in the targeted M1-HAND. Movement-induced rCBF changes were also assessed.
Results
Apart from a subtle increase in rCBF at 0.5 mA, short-duration aTDCS did not modulate rCBF in the M1-HAND relative to no-stimulation periods. None of the participants showed a dose-dependent increase in rCBF during aTDCS, even after accounting for individual differences in TDCS-induced electrical field strength. In contrast, finger movements led to robust activation of left M1-HAND before and after aTDCS.
Conclusion
Short-duration bipolar aTDCS does not produce instantaneous dose-dependent rCBF increases in the targeted M1-HAND at conventional intensity ranges. Therefore, the regional hemodynamic response profile to short-duration aTDCS may not be suited to inform individual dosing of TDCS intensity.