bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project SELfit: training socio-emotional skills in a school environment in Porto
Authors: Malcata F , Rodrigues A , Machado A , Saraiva MT , Antunes D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue/Problem
Mental disorders are the main cause of years lived with disability (YLD) in 5-14-year-old people around the world, in Western Europe, and particularly in Portugal. Young people who experience anxiety during childhood have a 3,5-fold likelihood of suffering from depression or anxiety during adulthood. COVID-19 has aggravated this situation, namely regarding socio-emotional competencies.

Description of the problem
SELfit, a project based on the Socio-emotional learning (SEL) methodology, aims promoting mental health, by training teachers and community nurses to develop socio-emotional skills in students from primary schools. The project includes a theoretical and a practical/training session, and monthly supervision sessions by a team that includes a psychologist, a public health doctor and public health nurses. The period of implementation is between February to July 2022.

Results
A total of 8 community nurses and 13 teachers from 3 primary schools in Porto enrolled in this project, which corresponds to a total around 272 students from 5 to 8-year-old. Knowledge of nurses and teachers regarding mental health literacy, and social emotional learning was assessed, before and after the theoretical session. The mean percentage of correct answers before was 49% (54% regarding nurses and 45% teachers) compared to 84% (92% regarding nurses and 78% teachers) after. Concerning socio-emotional skills of the primary school students, possible improvement will be evaluated at the end of the project (July 2022).

Lessons
Mental health literacy and social emotional learning knowledge increased 35%, which highlights the importance of these theoretical sessions promoting mental health literacy. By the end of this project, it is expected to exist an improvement on socio-emotional skills of the primary school students. This is a very important project, expected to be implement and replicated in other schools in Porto and in Portugal.

Key messages
• Mental disorders are the main cause of years lost due to disability (YLD) in primary school students in Portugal; hence, it was chosen for this mental health promotion project.
• This is a pioneer project in Porto, involving both community nurses and primary teachers, in which all are involved in training and promoting social-emotional learning in a school context.
The role of gender in the association between mental health and avoidable hospitalization
Authors: Catalini A , Mazza C , Cosma C , Stacchini L , Caminiti M , Minutolo G , Genovese D , Ferraguzzi G , Cavaretta E , Cedrone F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Hospital discharge records (HDR) can indirectly assess the quality of primary care through algorithms proposed by the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ). Mental illnesses or substance addictions represent barriers to accessibility to medical care which, can lead to hospitalizations deemed potentially preventable. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gender differences in the association between potentially preventable acute hospitalizations whether mental health or addiction.

Methods
The study examined HDRs of the Local Health Authority of Pescara, Abruzzo, period 2015-2021. The aggregate Prevention Quality Acute Composite 91 (PQI-91) has been coded according to the indications of the AHRQ. Were selected HDRs with a diagnosis of depression, psychosis, alcohol or substance abuse according to Enhanced ICD-9-CM Elixhauser algorithm. Four univariate logistic regression models were implemented correcting for age.

Results
In the study period 252,775 HDRs of which 3,459 PQI-91 were analyzed. A diagnosis of depression is positively associated with a PQI-91 hospitalization only in the male gender (aOR 3.16; 95%CI 2.18-4.58) and not in the female one (aOR 1.13; 95%CI 0.75-1.72). The same is true for a diagnosis of psychosis, males (aOR 2.41; 95%CI 1.66-3.48) and females (aOR 1.19; 95%CI 0.67-2.12). In both genders there was an association with substance abuse, males (aOR 3.92; 95%CI 2.65-5.81) and females (aOR 2.68; 95%CI 1.19-6.07), while for the alcohol abuse the female gender is positively associated (aOR 2.52; 95%CI 1.11-5.73) and not the male one (aOR 1.24; 95%CI 0.80-1.92).

Conclusions
Gender is an innovative approach to health inequalities: women and men respond to a different diagnostic-prescriptive appropriateness, which depends both on biology and on social, cultural, psychological and economic distances. Research efforts must be made to observe the effect healthcare access disparities have on patients who experience mental illness or addiction.

Key messages
• Mental health can limit access to primary care for other comorbidities or acute diseases; poor-quality primary care can result in preventable hospitalizations that increase the cost of health care.
• The gender differences for the same diagnosis of mental illness/addiction that cause potentially preventable acute hospitalizations impose gender-specific strategies aimed at modifying care pathways.
Bullying victimization among middle school students in el kef governorate (Tunisia)
Authors: Amara A , Mtiraoui A , Nammouchi D , Sahli J , Mellouli M , Mtiraoui A , Zeddini C , El Ghardellou M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Bullying is a complex and widespread public health issue that one can be exposed to at any age and at any field, but it is considered particularly frequent during times of transition in children’s and adolescents’ lives. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and various forms of bullying victimization and explore culture of bullying victimization among students.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted during the Academic year 2018/2019 among middle school students in the governorate of El Kef, Tunisia. The sampling method adopted for this research was a cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The Students’ involvement in bullying victimization was assessed using a validated Arabic version of the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire.

Results
A total of 1111 middle school students were enrolled. The prevalence of bullying victimization behavior in this study was 45.8 % [95% CI: 45.5- 46]. Looking at the forms of bullying experienced by students: “Being called mean names” was the most prevalent form of being bullied with 26.9% (n = 299), followed by 16.9% reported “being kicked in some place”, 16.3% reported “being bullied through false rumors” and 14.3% experienced bullying through messages, calls or images by means of mobile phones or Internet and 8.1% of the students reported being bullied with sexual gestures or comments. Verbal bullying (29.5%) was the most common type of victimization, followed by physical victimization, relational victimization and cyber victimization with 22.5%, 22.2% and 14.3% respectively. More than half of the students (58.5%) were more likely to inform others about incidents of bullying in their schools, mainly their parents (36.6%) or a friend (32.6%).

Conclusions
Bullying is serious and major public health issue that have a negative impact on adolescents’ well-being, and require special attention at the family, school, and community level

Key messages
• High prevalence of bullying victimization with predominace of verbal type.
• Culture of bullying victimization and taking care of victims is still weak.
Opportunities and Challenges in community-based inclusive science education
Authors: Scheer S , Orban O 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
This research is part of a Horizon2020 funded project named C4S - Community for sciences. The project aims to implement co-created inclusive science activities with children 0-16 years and their families in vulnerable communities. Best practice strategies will be developed to promote the empowerment of children in vulnerable situations. In six European cities, community-based inclusive science activities will be realized and evaluated. What is the impact of inclusive science education on vulnerable communities' health in Europe? Why is community-based inclusive science education an urgent issue to improve health conditions of children and families?

Methods
Guided by the research questions this method includes an integrative literature review to explore barriers and facilitators to delivering inclusive science in European countries and a questionnaire delivered to 6 Hubs involved in the C4S project. The questionnaire identifies core elements of a community, e.g. “Joint action”, “social ties” and “Diversity”. Both the literature review and the community questionnaire are performed in co-creation with inclusive science activities.

Results
Preliminary findings of 214 bibliographical references show the importance and evidence of inclusive science education. When it comes to specific groups of people who are in vulnerable situations, only a few references could be identified. Most results are related to children with disabilities in comparison to children from ethnic minorities. However, ongoing discussions about intersectionality and decolonial theories were identified topics to answer our research questions.

Conclusions
The literature shows evidence about inclusive science but lack of specific information for specific target groups. Therefore, the questionnaire distributed to the Hubs may offer new perspectives and will lead to specific knowledge about communities' needs and resources to ensure inclusive science with and for children in vulnerable situations.

Key messages
• Inclusive and community-oriented science education is relevant to empower children in vulnerable situations.
• New perspectives and deeper knowledge about context specific factors that facilitate inclusive science education may contribute to sustainable health.
Cross-sectional nutrition assessment in a refugee camp in Gambella region, Ethiopia
Authors: Benoni R , Sartorello A , Paiola E , Moretti F , Buson R , Tsegaye A , Tardivo S , Manenti F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Minors account for 20 percent of the world’s migrants, reaching 33 million in 2019. The prevalence of malnutrition has been reported between 17 and 21% among refugees. However, data about Sub-Saharan African refugees is lacking. The study evaluates the nutritional status of refugees in the Nguenyyiel camp in Gambella (Ethiopia). The retrospective cohort study included all children under five attending the first visit to the refugee camp’s health post between 01/06/2021 and 31/08/2021. Sociodemographic data, body weight, and upper arm circumference (MUAC) were recorded. The z-score of weight for age (WFA) and MUAC for age (MUACZ) were estimated using the R ‘anthro’ package developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Children with WFA &lt;-2 standard deviations (SD) were considered underweight, those &gt;2SD overweight. A MUACZ &lt;-2SD defined acute malnutrition. Among the 782 patients admitted, 415 (53%) were under five. Females were 195 (47%). The mean age was 2.1 years (SD 1.6). The mean body weight was 11kg (SD 5). Considering the WFA, 200 (48%) children were within +2 SD. Children with WFA &lt;-2SD were 92 (29%), those &gt; 2SD were 28 (9%). The frequency of children with WFA &lt;-2SD was higher in boys (p = 0.049). There were no differences in the frequency of children with WFA &gt;2SD based on sex (p = 0.998). WFA decreased as age increased (p = 0.048). MUAC was recorded for 273 (66%) children. The mean MUAC was 14.2mm (SD 2.4). Children with MUAC z-scores within +2SD were 245 (77%). Children &lt;-2SD were 92 (8%). The frequency of children with MUACZ &lt;-2SD was not significantly different based on sex or age (p = 0.125, p = 0.324). The prevalence of malnutrition was moderate in the Nguenyyiel camp. At the same time, the frequency of underweight children was high, particularly among boys (34%) and with increasing age.

Key messages
• Nutrition remains a problem in refugee camp settings, especially in children.
• Ensuring the health of refugees, as vulnerable population, should be a priority for both governments and international organizations.
Understanding clinician barriers to providing equitable healthcare for ethnic minority populations
Authors: Patel M , Newell R , George S , Clark H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
It has long been recognised that ethnic minority groups have worse health outcomes in the UK. Social determinants of health (SDH) contribute significantly to these inequalities. However, inequalities persist, even after controlling for these determinants. As well as being less likely to engage with healthcare services, ethnic minority groups are more likely to report poor experiences. The majority of healthcare in the UK is delivered through patient: clinician interactions (PCI), therefore a good working relationship with patients is paramount. Recent focus has been placed on ensuring “cultural competence”. Whilst this is important, we suggest also examining the culture within healthcare itself. Healthcare professionals are not immune to bias, preconceptions and the stresses of work and this must be taken into account. A seminal piece of work on this is the “culture of medicine” framework proposed by Boutin-Foster et al, which examines the impact of these factors.

Aims and Methodology
This paper aims to examine barriers within PCI that impact healthcare for ethnic minorities. A formal literature review was conducted and 131 relevant studies were identified. Grounded theory was used for analysis and data was categorised into themes with Boutin-Foster’s framework used as a structure.

Results
The review found that the concept of implicit bias was paramount in PCI. Three major barriers resulting from this bias are suggested: its impact on clinical decision making, the impact on clinician-patient communication and finally the resultant lack of trust in clinicians and poor perceived quality of care by ethnic minority groups.

Conclusions
Clinician implicit bias is a major barrier to equitable healthcare for ethnic minority populations. A solution we propose is to acknowledge our own preconceptions. Awareness of our own culture, preconceptions and the pressures around us will allow us to find solutions to these barriers, including further research and education.

Key messages
• Clinician implicit bias within the “Culture of Medicine” is a barrier to equitable healthcare for ethnic minority populations.
• Awareness of our own culture and preconceptions is paramount to addressing these barriers.
Diverse perspectives on social determinants of multicultural adolescents: A focus group study
Authors: Lee H , Lee H , Lee M , Kim Y , Kim S , Lee J , Shim SY , Seo J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
As Korea transforms into a multicultural society, social vulnerability of the multicultural adolescents (MAs) puts them at risk for poor health and health disparities. However, there is shortage of evidence on social determinants of health (SDH), which refers to the circumstances of people from birth to death, which affects their health outcomes, for MAs. Thus, this study aims to explore the SDH of MAs from diverse stakeholders’ perspectives.

Methods
This qualitative study comprised 17 focus group interviews with 99 participants (MAs, peers, parents, teachers, neighbors, and community leaders), conducted from June to September 2020. The directed content analysis was conducted using the Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework with a high rigor level based on the four criteria of Lincoln and Guba’s trustworthiness.

Results
The participants addressed SDH of MAs in five domains: biological (vulnerability and mechanism); behavioral (health behavior, family/school/peer functioning, and policies and laws); physical/built environment (school/community environment); sociocultural environment (MAs'/parental sociodemographic, language proficiency, MAs'/parental acculturation, social network, and response to/interpersonal/local/societal structural discrimination); and health care system (insurance coverage, MAs'/parental health literacy, availability of services, and health care policies). However, limited SDH in biological and physical/built environment domains were identified.

Conclusions
SDH in sociocultural environment domain and interpersonal influence level were the most commonly addressed. Interpersonal discrimination of both MAs and parents were found to be the most important SDH. These findings suggest that future programs to enhance MAs’ health may be targeted toward reducing discrimination and involving their parents.

Key messages
• Sociocultural environment was found to be the most salient SDH domain to affect MAs’ health.
• SDH of MAs are linked to discrimination and their parents’ sociocultural aspects such as acculturation.
Being a refugee in childhood and health in adulthood
Authors: Mattelin E , Khanolkar AR , Korhonen L , Froberg F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aim
To examine whether individuals who migrated to Sweden as refugees in childhood are more likely to experience poor mental and general health and violence in adulthood, compared to individuals born in Sweden, or who were migrants but not refugees.

Methods
This study included 151,614 individuals who answered the Swedish National Public Health Survey in 2018 or 2020. We grouped the participants into refugees in childhood, migrants in childhood, or non-migrants. Information about outcomes - mental health, general health, and risk behaviors - was collected through questionnaires. We analyzed the associations using logistic regressions.

Results
Overall, having been a refugee in childhood was generally not associated with poor general health and mental ill-health, risk behaviors, or exposure to violence, compared to those who were migrants or born in Sweden. However, there were some exceptions. For example, young men, who were refugees in childhood, had a higher likelihood of suicide attempts than non-migrants. Interestingly, childhood refugees and childhood migrants were less likely to use drugs and to have risky alcohol use as adults, compared to non-migrants, but were more likely to be risk gamblers.

Conclusions
Being a refugee in childhood was not, in general, associated with negative health consequences in adulthood with some exceptions, such as gambling, that will be discussed in the presentation.

Key messages
• In this study, refugee experience in childhood is not, in general, associated with worse health outcomes in adulthood.
• There are certain risk groups that need to be highlighted such as young males with refugee experience in childhood.
Quality of national cancer control programmes in Europe
Authors: Jelenc M , Albreht T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Cancer remains among the leading causes of death worldwide and the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on its diagnosis and treatment. National Cancer Control Programmes (NCCPs) are key documents in the field of cancer control. As they are directed at reducing cancer morbidity, mortality, and improvement of the quality of life of cancer patients, they can make a significant contribution in tackling the challenges posed by cancer in Europe. The aim of the present study, which is unique of its kind, was to evaluate the situation regarding the presence of NCCPs in Europe in 2016, as well as to analyse the presence and implementation status of the key elements of NCCPs that European Guide for Quality National Cancer Control Programmes (Guide) recommends.

Methods
In the frame of the Cancer Control Joint Action a policy survey was carried out through 35 countries: EU member states, Iceland, Montenegro, Norway and Turkey, focusing on inclusion of the chapters from the Guide, participation of stakeholders, preparation, implementation and dissemination.

Results
Thirty countries responded and 28 out of those had a NCCP or a similar cancer document. NCCPs were mostly single documents; 9 documents were defined as programmes, 8 as plans and 6 as strategies. The terminology was mixed in 5 countries. NCCPs were managed by the Ministries of Health and communicated to the public via websites and/or press. Drafting of NCCPs was mostly done through discussions, consensus meetings and negotiations. Only 10 countries included all elements suggested in the Guide in their NCCPs.

Conclusions
The results of the survey showed that there are still countries without a NCCP. Regarding the content of NCCPs and other cancer documents the results indicated that the quality of the documents should be improved by covering all key elements suggested in the Guide and adding other innovative approaches.

Key messages
• Instruments for more efficient cancer management are needed; they should encompass the entire pathway of cancer control from health promotion, to survivorship and supportive care.
• The ongoing and quickly developing activities on NCCPs in Europe should be monitored regularly.
The gaps in health-adjusted life Expectancy (HALE) by income and region in Korea
Authors: Jung YS , Kim YE , Ock M , Yoon SJ 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

This study aims to calculate the health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) by using years lived with disability (YLD) from the national claims data, as well as to identify the differences and inequalities in sex, income level and region. The study was carried out on total population receiving national health insurance and medical benefits. We calculated incidence-based YLD for 260 disease groups, and used it as the number of healthy years lost to calculate HALE. We adopted the insurance premium to calculate the income as a proxy indicator. For the region classification, we chose 250 Korean municipal-level administrative districts. The primary outcome was HALE in the Korean population. The second outcome was the HALE’s gap in terms of sex, income, and region. Our results revealed that HALE increased from 2008 (68.89 years) to 2019 (70.58 years). HALE in males increased faster than that in females. HALE was higher in higher income levels. In 2019, the gap in HALE between Q1 and Q2, the lower income group, was about 5.70 years. The gap in females by income level was smaller than that in males. Moreover, the gap in HALE by region was found to increase. Results suggest that there is an inequality in YLD in terms of income level in Korea. Therefore, we need intensive management for the low-income group to increase HALE at the national level.

Key messages
• Males’ health level may be more sensitive to the socioeconomic level than females’ health level.
• In the 5th National Health Plan (HP2030), it was decided to set a target value for the overall goals based on this result.