bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rarity begets rarity: Social and environmental drivers of rare organisms in cities
Authors: Ong Theresa W. , Lin Brenda B. , Lucatero Azucena , Cohen Hamutahl , Bichier Peter , Egerer Monika H. , Danieu Alana , Jha Shalene , Philpott Stacy M. , Liere Heidi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCities are sometimes characterized as homogenous with species assemblages composed of abundant, generalist species having similar ecological functions. Under this assumption, rare species, or species observed infrequently, would have especially high conservation value in cities for their potential to increase functional diversity. Management to increase the number of rare species in cities could be an important conservation strategy in a rapidly urbanizing world. However, most studies of species rarity define rarity in relatively pristine environments where human management and disturbance is minimized. We know little about what species are rare, how many species are rare, and what management practices promote rare species in urban environments. Here, we identified which plants and species of birds and bees that control pests and pollinate crops are rare in urban gardens and assessed how social, biophysical factors, and cross‐taxonomic comparisons influence rare species richness. We found overwhelming numbers of rare species, with more than 50% of plants observed classified as rare. Our results highlight the importance of women, older individuals, and gardeners who live closer to garden sites in increasing the number of rare plants within urban areas. Fewer rare plants were found in older gardens and gardens with more bare soil. There were more rare bird species in larger gardens and more rare bee species for which canopy cover was higher. We also found that in some cases, rarity begets rarity, with positive correlations found between the number of rare plants and bee species and between bee and bird species. Overall, our results suggest that urban gardens include a high number of species existing at low frequency and that social and biophysical factors promoting rare, planned biodiversity can cascade down to promote rare, associated biodiversity.
Echocardiographic phenotypes of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes may indicate early diabetic myocardial disease
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang ChenChen , Xie ZuoLing , Huang Xi , ShangGuan HaiYan , Zhu WenWen , Wang ShaoHua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimType 2 diabetes may impair cardiac structure and function at very early stage, other factors, for example, obesity and hypertension, can induce aforementioned abnormalities individually. This study aimed to explore precise prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by using cluster analysis of echocardiographic variables.Methods and resultsA total of 66 536 inpatients with diabetes from 2013 to 2018 were investigated, and 7112 patients were available for analysis after nadir. The cluster analysis was performed on echocardiographic variables to assess the clinical profiles and risk factors of clusters. Two clusters were identified. Cluster 1 with 3576 patients (50.3%, including 62.5% female) had hypertension in 62.4%, while the lower rate of obesity (13.7%). Ultrasound findings showed that 79.9% of them had left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), the most characteristic change in the early stages of DCM. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid and antithrombin III were independent risk factors for LVDD (P < 0.0001); 64.0% of the 3536 patients in the second group were male, with a high prevalence of obesity (30.1%) and a higher prevalence of hypertension (79.5%), In particular, decreased systolic function and a high rate of LV hypertrophy (46.8%) represented the progressive phase of DCM (P < 0.0001). SBP, diastolic blood pressure, BMI and creatinine were independent correlates of LV mass index (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe cluster analysis of echocardiographic variables may improve the identification of groups of patients with similar risks and different disease courses and will facilitate the achievement of targeted early prevention and treatment of DCM.
Prognostic value of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I in patients with non‐ischaemic heart failure: insights from China
Authors: Tian Pengchao , Zhao Xuemei , Huang Liyan , Feng Jiayu , Zhao Lang , Liang Lin , Huang Boping , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsEvidence of the prognostic value of high‐sensitivity troponin in patients with non‐ischaemic heart failure (NIHF) is scarce. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) in NIHF patients.MethodsHs‐cTnI was measured at baseline in 650 NIHF patients admitted to the Heart Failure Center. The prognostic value of hs‐cTnI was assessed based on a well‐established model (including age, sex, New York Heart Association class, left ventricular ejection fraction, haemoglobin, sodium, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes mellitus, treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, treatment with β‐blockers, and NT‐proBNP).ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 1036 days, 163 patients died of various causes. In total, 46.92% of patients had high hs‐cTnI (hs‐cTnI >0.011 ng/ml). Over a 3‐year follow‐up, patients with high hs‐cTnI (>0.011 ng/ml) had a 1.54 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.11–2.15] fold higher all‐cause mortality risk than those without. Increasing concertation of hs‐cTnI was also associated with a 23.0% (95% CI 13–33%, per log2 increase) increment risk of all‐cause mortality. The inclusion of hs‐cTnI significantly improved the risk prediction and stratification of all‐cause mortality (integrated discrimination improvement 1.58%, 95% CI 0.38–2.79%, absolute net reclassification improvement 23.41% 95% CI 4.52–44.49%, additive net reclassification improvement 27.8%, 95% CI 9.29–46.3%) of the well‐established model.ConclusionsHs‐cTnI provides significant prognostic value and could further remarkably improve risk stratification and prediction capabilities in NIHF patients.
Social norms (not threat) mediate willingness to sacrifice in individuals fused with the nation: Insights from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pretus Clara , Vilarroya Óscar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentity fusion with the community has been previously found to mediate altruism in post‐disaster settings. However, whether this altruistic response is specifically triggered by ingroup threat, or whether it can also be triggered by global threats remains unclear. We evaluated willingness to sacrifice in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic across three survey waves. Against expectations, participants fused with the nation (vs. non‐fused) did not differentially respond to a national versus global threat condition. Conversely, social norms decisively influenced willingness to sacrifice in this sample, with fused individuals with stronger norms about social distancing reporting the highest altruistic response during the first weeks of the pandemic. Longitudinally, after an initial peak in the altruistic response, deteriorating social norms mediated decreases in willingness to sacrifice in individuals fused with the nation (vs. non‐fused). Implications of these results for the development of interventions aimed to address global challenges are discussed.
Rehabilitation planning in an oilfield in the Monte Austral: Mapping sand‐sized sediment availability and assessing its effect on microtopography rehabilitation
Authors: Ciancio Matías E. , Guida‐Johnson Bárbara , Zuleta Gustavo A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn drylands, the microtopography is formed by mound‐shaped dunes of eolian deposition that occur around shrubs or other vegetation in clumps. These mounds are characteristic of the Monte Austral, which covers 20% of Argentina (approximately 50 million ha), has a strong water deficit and is subjected to land degradation by the oil industry. Considering the biogeomorphological approach, oilfield rehabilitation should begin with regeneration of the mounds as they provide safe sites for vegetation. Since rehabilitation success may be influenced by sand‐sized sediment availability, we addressed two objectives: mapping the sediment availability in an oilfield and evaluating its effect on microtopography rehabilitation. We used a Sentinel‐2 MSI scene and assessed three approaches to map the sediments: two expressions of the Normalized Difference Sand Index and the feature Brightness of the Tasselled Cap Transformation. We validated the three maps using a geomorphological map. Two maps showed the highest agreement with the geomorphological map and errors were associated with the detection of bright lithified or cohesive material not available for sediment transportation. Then, we evaluated the effect of sediments on microtopography rehabilitation. We compared the morphometric traits of mounds (height, maximum and minimum length) located in areas of low and high sediment availability, in both natural and scarified areas. We considered the time since scarification was applied (8–13, 4–8, or <4 years ago). The mounds in the natural areas were larger than the mounds in the scarified areas, so complete microtopography rehabilitation is not achieved 13 years after scarification. The mounds in high‐sediment‐availability areas were different from the initial condition 4 years after scarification, whereas differences took 8 years to become evident with low sediment availability. Sediment availability must be considered when designing rehabilitation techniques to ensure the success and sustainability of the project. Our results have implications for the development of a biogeomorphological model to guide rehabilitation planning.
Power grid operation optimization and forecasting using a combined forecasting system
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Wang Jianzhou , Liu Zhenkun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReliable photovoltaic and wind power generation forecasts are essential for efficient power systems operations. A combined forecasting system is developed, which integrates a data preprocessing method, a sub‐predictor selection rule, and a multi‐objective optimization to integrate various forecasting models. The proposed system effectively aggregates the advantages of all algorithms involved, facilitating greater prediction precision and stability. Experiments indicated that the proposed system can achieve higher quality point and interval forecasting performance relative to the comparative approaches.
Hedging commodities in times of distress: The case of COVID‐19
Authors: Magalhães Luiz Augusto , Silva Thiago Christiano , Tabak Benjamin Miranda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines the relation between the COVID‐19 pandemic and hedge efficiency in commodities futures markets. In particular, we first evaluate the informational content of commodity futures by investigating whether futures prices are accurate and unbiased predictors of future–spot prices, and then we identify key financial and real economy transmission channels associated with the pandemic. We use data of all contracts from all commodities traded at Brazilian futures markets from 2018 to 2020. We document market inefficiency and bias for all commodities. We also find that COVID‐19 has a negative correlation with hedge efficiency, and that liquidity, economic activity, export, and agriculture's employment share are transmission channels to hedge efficiency.
The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization
Authors: Saboor Abdus , Wang Chengshan , Li Yalin , Xi Chen , Wang Licheng , Jafarian Arman , Hanif Muhammad , Mohibullah Mohibullah 
Published: July 2022

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional changes present in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonate‐dominated units (Samana Suk, Shinawari, Chiltan and Loralai formations) of the Indus Basin, Pakistan have been addressed. The study is based on 11 sections along a N‐S transect on the western margin of the Indian Plate to provide an insight into the nature of cementation and dolomitization behavior by using an integrated petrographic and geochemical analysis. The carbonates located in the northern proximity are dominated by the eogenetic signatures of hardgrounds, biogenic micritization, and iron‐containing burrows. The pattern and yellowish‐brown coloration of the burrows is distinct, and shows a positive relationship with the Fe, Si, Al, K, Mn concentrations, and meteoric phase. The transition from the Early to Middle Jurassic is marked by a correspondent increase in the dolomitization and bioturbation but its intensity decreases from north to the south. The packing index and marine phreatic environments generally increase towards the south. The planar‐s to planar‐e protodolomite and dolomite proper have particularly targeted the micritic facies and allochems, courtesy of retaining high‐magnesian calcite waters, and the geochemical analysis also reveals some dedolomitization, associated with sequence boundaries. The pore occluding cements of the Samana Suk and Chiltan formations are Fe deficient and have low Sr and Mn levels, as compared to the Shinawari Formation. The latter has an elevated concentration of Fe, Mg, Si, Al, Sr, Mn, and the Fe + Mn versus Sr relationship and Mn* values suggest that cementation dominantly occurred in the oxic‐dysoxic zones of sub‐tropical climate.
Is sleep quality a potential predictor of neurocognitive disorders? A 6‐year follow‐up study in Chinese older adults
Authors: Lai Vivian K. Y. , Fung Ada W. T. , Lam Linda C. W. , Lee Allen T. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal association of sleep quality with incidence of neurocognitive disorders in 6 years.MethodsThis was a 6‐year follow‐up study of community‐living older adults who scored a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0 at baseline. Sleep quality was assessed by the self‐rated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, where higher scores indicated poorer sleep quality, and a cutoff score of 5 or above was suggestive of sleep disorder. The study outcome was incident neurocognitive disorders in 6 years, as identified by a CDR of 0.5 or above. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to test if baseline sleep quality was independently associated with risk of incident neurocognitive disorders in 6 years.ResultsOf the 290 participants in this study, 166 (57.2%) developed neurocognitive disorders in 6 years. They had poorer sleep quality (mean [SD] total PSQI score: 6.2 [3.8] vs. 4.9 [3.2], p = 0.001) and higher prevalence of sleep disorder (100 [60.2%] vs. 56 [45.2%], p = 0.01) at baseline than those who remained free of neurocognitive disorder. After controlling for age, gender, education, and physical and psychiatric morbidities, the risk ratios (RRs) for incident neurocognitive disorders were 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–1.11, p < 0.05) for PSQI total score and 1.50 (95% CI = 1.05–2.14, p = 0.03) for sleep disorder at baseline.ConclusionsSleep quality might predict the development of neurocognitive disorders. From a clinical perspective, enquiry of sleep quality and screening for sleep disorder should be promoted as part of the neurocognitive disorder risk assessment in older adults.
Grandchild care and loneliness among older Europeans: Longitudinal evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesRestricted knowledge exists with regard to the association between grandchild care and loneliness among older Europeans. Hence, our goal was to investigate the association between the onset of grandchild care and loneliness in different European regions and stratified by sex longitudinally.Methods/DesignLongitudinal data were taken from waves 5 to 6 of the ‘Survey of Health Ageing, and Retirement in Europe’ (SHARE) (n = 83,416 observations). Loneliness was assessed using the established three‐item version of the Revised UCLA Loneliness scale. Transitions into grandchild care (= onset of grandchild care) served as key independent variable. It was adjusted for several covariates in regression analysis. Linear FE regressions with cluster‐robust standard errors were used to mitigate the challenge of unobserved heterogeneity.ResultsLinear FE regressions showed that the onset of grandchild care was significantly associated with an increase in loneliness levels among women (but not men) in Southern Europe (β = 0.28, p = 0.01), whereas the onset of grandchild care was not significantly associated with changes in loneliness levels in both sexes in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and Israel.ConclusionsOur study emphasized the association between the onset of grandchild care and increases in loneliness among women in Southern Europe. Efforts (e.g., respite services) are required to support this group to avoid loneliness.
Social isolation and psychological well‐being among older Chinese Americans: Does resilience mediate the association?
Authors: Qi Xiang , Zhang Wei , Wang Katherine , Pei Yaolin , Wu Bei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesSocial isolation imposes risks to an individual's psychological well‐being. However, few studies have examined the role of resilience on these associations among older Chinese Americans, the fastest‐growing aging population across all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. We aim to examine the associations of social isolation with indicators of psychological well‐being and the mediating role of resilience in these associations.MethodsData were derived from 398 Chinese older adults aged over 55 residing in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 2018. Psychological well‐being was measured by psychological distress, life satisfaction, and happiness. Multivariate linear regressions and ordered logistic regressions were conducted.ResultsSocial isolation was positively associated with psychological distress and negatively associated with life satisfaction and happiness (all p < 0.05). By contrast, resilience was associated with lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the findings supported our hypothesis that resilience mediated the association between social isolation and psychological well‐being. With regard to social isolation, resilience contributed to 32.0% of its association with distress, 24.9% of the association with life satisfaction, and 16.3% of the association with happiness.ConclusionOur findings revealed a significant association between social isolation and psychological well‐being and the mediating role of resilience in the association of older Chinese Americans in Hawaii. The study findings expand our understanding of psychological resources in older Chinese Americans and emphasize the importance of developing intervention programs to foster social connection and resilience among an understudied population.
Monolithic bilayered In2O3 as an efficient interfacial material for high‐performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tian Wanjia , Song Peiquan , Zhao Yaping , Shen Lina , Liu Kaikai , Zheng Lingfang , Luo Yujie , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarrier recombination at the buried SnO2/perovskite interface limits the efficiency and stability of n‐i‐p‐structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an In2O3 interfacial layer with the distinctive structure of the monolithic compact/nanostructured bilayer. The partial hydrolysis nature of the In3+ ion enables the formation of nanorods on top of the compact In2O3 layer when spin‐coating the In(NO3)3 aqueous solution. This novel interfacial layer reduces the pinholes of the SnO2 film and increases the contact area between the perovskite and electron transport material. Therefore, PSCs with the incorporation of the interfacial layer demonstrate enhanced electron extraction and suppressed carrier recombination. Consequently, the champion device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 23.87% with a high fill factor of 82.14%. The optimized device also shows robust operational stability, retaining over 80% of the initial power conversion efficiency after working at the maximum power point for over 500 h under continuous one‐sun illumination.
Demonstrating Principle Aspects of Peptide‐ and Protein‐ Based Hydrogels Using Metallogels Examples
Authors: Ghrayeb Mnar , Chai Liraz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogels are 3‐dimensional networks composed of synthetic or natural polymers that absorb and retain water. They are formed when polymeric chains are cross‐linked by covalent or non‐covalent bonds. Hydrogels formed by peptides and proteins are unique due to their bioactivity and biocompatibility. Particularly interesting peptide‐ or protein‐based hydrogels are metallogels, hydrogels that form by proteins and peptides that interact with metal ions. Metallogels are potential candidates for medical applications because metal ions are essential for living organisms, for example in respiration, proper growth and development of tissues, red blood cell formation, and immune system stimulation. In this review, we describe general principles of hydrogel formation and we demonstrate them using specific metallogels examples. We focus on physically cross‐linked hydrogels and briefly review their formation mechanism, characterization, mechanical properties, and applications.
Cytokine see‐saw across pregnancy, its related complexities and consequences
Authors: Meyyazhagan Arun , Kuchi Bhotla Haripriya , Pappuswamy Manikantan , Tsibizova Valentina , Al Qasem Malek , Di Renzo Gian Carlo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring pregnancy, a woman's immune system adapts to the changing hormonal concentrations, causing immunologic transition. These immunologic changes are required for a full‐term pregnancy, preserving the fetus' innate and adaptive immunity. Preterm labor, miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pre‐eclampsia are all caused by abnormal cytokine expression during pregnancy and childbirth. A disruption in the cytokine balance can lead to autoimmune diseases or microbiologic infections, or to autoimmune illness remission during pregnancy with postpartum recurrence. The cytokine treatments are essential and damaging to the developing fetus. The current review summarizes the known research on cytokine changes during pregnancy and their possible consequences for pregnant women. Studies suggest that customizing medication for each woman and her progesterone levels should be based on the cytokine profile of each pregnant woman. Immune cells and chemicals play an important function in development of the placenta and embryo. During pregnancy, T cells divide and move, and a careful balance between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines is necessary. The present review focuses on the mother's endurance in generating fetal cells and the immunologic mechanism involved.