bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of efficacy in automated plan generation for Varian Ethos intelligent optimization engine
Authors: Pokharel Shyam , Pacheco Abilio , Tanner Suzanne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarian Ethos, a new treatment platform, is capable of automatically generating treatment plans for initial planning and for online, adaptive planning, using an intelligent optimization engine (IOE). The primary purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of Varian Ethos IOE for auto‐planning and intercompare different treatment modalities within the Ethos treatment planning system (TPS). A total of 36 retrospective prostate and proximal seminal vesicles cases were selected for this study. The prescription dose was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions to the proximal seminal vesicles, with a simultaneous integrated boost of 70 Gy to the prostate gland. Based on RT intent, three treatment plans were auto‐generated in the Ethos TPS and were exported to the Eclipse TPS for intercomparison with the Eclipse treatment plan. When normalized for the same planning target volume (PTV) coverage, Ethos plans Dmax% were 108.1 ± 1.2%, 108.4 ± 1.6%, and 109.6 ± 2.0%, for the 9‐field IMRT, 12‐field IMRT, and 2‐full arc VMAT plans, respectively. This compared well with Eclipse plan Dmax% values, which was 108.8 ± 1.4%. OAR indices were also evaluated for Ethos plans using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group report 0415 as a guide and were found to be comparable to each other and the Eclipse plans. While all Ethos plans were comparable, we found that, in general, the Ethos 12‐field IMRT plans met most of the dosimetric goals for treatment. Also, Ethos IOE consistently generated dosimetrically hotter VMAT plans versus IMRT plans. On average, Ethos TPS took 13 min to generate 2‐full arc VMAT plans, compared to 5 min for 12‐field IMRT plans. Varian Ethos TPS can generate multiple treatment plans in an efficient time frame and the quality of the plans could be deemed clinically acceptable when compared to manually generated treatment plans.
Interfacial Microextraction Boosting Nitrogen Feed for Efficient Ambient Ammonia Synthesis in Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Shen Xiaowei , Liu Sisi , Xia Xinyao , Wang Mengfan , Ji Haoqing , Wang Zhenkang , Liu Jie , Zhang Xinsong , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe extremely low nitrogen (N2) solubility in aqueous solution greatly limits the gas reactant supply to catalysts resulting in a bottleneck in establishing efficient electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR). Here, aiming at fairly few N2 dissolving in aqueous electrolyte, an N2‐microextractor (NME) that can extract the N2 from water, then feed it to catalysts on electrodes, is reported. The NME consists of polymer framework and extractant that possess high solubility for N2, which serves as an ultra‐thin interfacial system wrapping around electrodes. As expected, the enhancement of N2 supply in NRR leads to a record‐high Faradaic efficiency (80.1%) with an ammonia yield rate of 58.3 µg h−1 mg−1 under ambient conditions. This is of great significance to a sustainable “Ammonia Economy.”
Cyber‐Physical Watermarking with Inkjet Edible Bioprinting
Authors: Jeon Hee‐Jae , Leem Jung Woo , Ji Yuhyun , Park Sang Mok , Park Jongwoo , Kim Kee‐Young , Kim Seong‐Wan , Kim Young L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCounterfeit medicines are a fundamental healthcare problem, threatening patient safety and public health as well as causing economic damage. Online pharmacies and the ongoing pandemic have promoted medicine counterfeiting. However, the existing anticounterfeit methods are limited because of material toxicity, low security, and complicated fabrication. Here a dosage‐level security method is introduced that combines digital watermarking and physical printing at the material level. A set of requirements is designed to ensure the edibility, printability, imperceptibility, and robustness of cyber‐physical watermarking. An inkjet printer using safe food coloring is adapted to print a watermarked image on a recombinant luminescent silk protein taggant to enhance attack resistance. Machine learning of color accuracy recovers unavoidable color distortions during printing and acquisition, allowing robust smartphone readability. An edible watermarked taggant affixed to each individual medicine can offer anticounterfeit and authentication features at the dosage level, empowering every patient to aid in abating illicit medicines.
Advances in High‐Performance Autonomous Energy and Self‐Powered Sensing Textiles with Novel 3D Fabric Structures
Authors: Dong Kai , Peng Xiao , Cheng Renwei , Ning Chuan , Jiang Yang , Zhang Yihan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe seamless integration of emerging triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology with traditional wearable textile materials has given birth to the next‐generation smart textiles, i.e., textile TENGs, which will play a vital role in the era of Internet of Things and artificial intelligences. However, low output power and inferior sensing ability have largely limited the development of textile TENGs. Among various approaches to improve the output and sensing performance, such as material modification, structural design, and environmental management, a 3D fabric structural scheme is a facile, efficient, controllable, and scalable strategy to increase the effective contact area for contact electrification of textile TENGs without cumbersome material processing and service area restrictions. Herein, the recent advances of the current reported textile TENGs with 3D fabric structures are comprehensively summarized and systematically analyzed in order to clarify their superiorities over 1D fiber and 2D fabric structures in terms of power output and pressure sensing. The forward‐looking integration abilities of the 3D fabrics are also discussed at the end. It is believed that the overview and analysis of textile TENGs with distinctive 3D fabric structures will contribute to the development and realization of high‐power output micro/nanowearable power sources and high‐quality self‐powered wearable sensors.
Supercritical Methanol Solvolysis and Catalysis for the Conversion of Delignified Woody Biomass into Light Alcohol Gasoline Bioblendstock
Authors: Nguyen Hannah , Huq Nabila A. , Stück Daniela , Tifft Stephen M. , Conklin Davis R. , Koehler Andrew J. , McNeary William Wilson , Fioroni Gina M. , Hays Cameron , Christensen Earl D. , McNamara Ian , Bartling Andrew , Davis Ryan , Unocic Kinga A. , Vardon Derek R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSupercritical methanol (SCM) solvolysis and catalysis has recently emerged as a promising pathway to produce gasoline‐range light alcohols from woody biomass through staged depolymerization and hydro‐deoxygenation (DHDO). Here, structure–property relationships of Cu“M”AlOx catalysts (M = Mg, Zr, and Ce) are examined for upgrading delignified hybrid poplar via SCM‐DHDO. CuCeAlOx displays the highest activity, increasing the C2C7 alcohol production rate and selectivity by twofold in batch reactions, and >50% in semicontinuous reactions relative to the current state‐of‐the‐art CuMgAlOx. The performance of CuCeAlOx is correlated with its high reducibility and acidity. Cu sintering and biogenic impurity poisoning are identified as possible deactivation mechanisms over 60 h of continuous testing. The gasoline‐range SCM‐DHDO products are comprised of primarily aliphatic alcohols that result in improved energy density and favorably reduced vapor pressure, relative to ethanol, with the tradeoff of nonsynergistic octane blending with conventional gasoline and lower oxidation stability. Overall, this work highlights the potential to produce suitable light oxygenates by SCM‐DHDO processing for gasoline bioblendstock applications.
Charge Regulated Diffusion of Silica Nanoparticles into Wood for Flame Retardant Transparent Wood
Authors: Samanta Archana , Höglund Martin , Samanta Pratick , Popov Sergei , Sychugov Ilya , Maddalena Lorenza , Carosio Federico , Berglund Lars A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe preparation of wood substrates modified by charged inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) diffusing into the internal cell wall structure is investigated for generating functional properties. The flammability problem of wood biocomposites is addressed. NPs applied from colloidal sols carry charge to stabilize them against aggregation. The influence of charge on particle diffusion and adsorption should play a role for their spatial distribution and localization in the wood substrate biocomposite. It is hypothesized that improved dispersion, infiltration, and stability of NPs into the wood structure can be achieved by charge control diffusion, also restricting NP agglomeration and limiting distribution to the wood cell wall. Cationic and anionic silica NPs of ≈30 nm are therefore allowed to diffuse into bleached wood. The influence of charge on distribution in wood is investigated as a function of initial sol concentration. Transparent wood is fabricated by in situ polymerization of a thiol‐ene in the wood pore space. These biocomposites demonstrate excellent flame retardancy with self‐extinguishing characteristics. The approach has potential for commercial fabrication of flame retardant transparent composites for glazing and other building applications.
Lodging resistance and feeding quality of triticale and cereal rye lines in an alpine pastoral area of P. R. China
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Liu Hancheng , Tian Xinhui , Du Wenhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is a hybrid progeny of wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and exhibits significant heterosis compared with its parents. Triticale is grown in many countries as a forage crop and has broad application prospects. In this study, conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Gansu, P. R. China, the morphological characteristics of stems, the microstructural features of the second internode from the base, and the chemical components of two triticale lines and two rye lines were compared. This study found that the plant height of triticale was lower than that of rye (P < .01), whereas the triticale internode diameter was larger (P < .05). Compared with values in rye, the diameter of the second internode from the base, thickness of the stem wall, ratio of the length of the second internode to the total length, and the sheath/internode weight ratio were all greater in triticale. Examination of the anatomical structure of the second internode revealed that the basic and vascular tissues of stems of triticale were more developed than those of rye. In addition, cellulose, lignin, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash contents of triticale stems were less than those of rye, whereas the triticale soluble sugar content was greater (p < .01). Therefore, we inferred that triticale stems have greater nutritional value, palatability, lodging resistance, and production potential than rye and were suitable for planting and popularizing in alpine pastoral areas.
Supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Families to Stay Together from the Start (SAFeST Start): Urgent call to action to address crisis in infant removals
Authors: Chamberlain Catherine , Gray Paul , Bennet Debra , Elliott Alison , Jackomos Marika , Krakouer Jacynta , Marriott Rhonda , O'Dea Birri , Andrews Julie , Andrews Shawana , Atkinson Caroline , Atkinson Judy , Bhathal Alex , Bundle Gina , Davies Shanamae , Herrman Helen , Hunter Sue‐Anne , Jones‐Terare Glenda , Leane Cathy , Mares Sarah , McConachy Jennifer , Mensah Fiona , Mills Catherine , Mohammed Janine , Hetti Mudiyanselage Lumbini , O'Donnell Melissa , Orr Elizabeth , Priest Naomi , Roe Yvette , Smith Kristen , Waldby Catherine , Milroy Helen , Langton Marcia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReducing the rate of over‐representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out‐of‐home care (OOHC) is a key Closing the Gap target committed to by all Australian governments. Current strategies are failing. The “gap” is widening, with the rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in OOHC at 30 June 2020 being 11 times that of non‐Indigenous children. Approximately, one in five Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children entering OOHC each year are younger than one year. These figures represent compounding intergenerational trauma and institutional harm to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families and communities. This article outlines systemic failures to address the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents during pregnancy and following birth, causing cumulative harm and trauma to families, communities and cultures. Major reform to child and family notification and service systems, and significant investment to address this crisis, is urgently needed. The Family Matters Building Blocks and five elements of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle (Prevention, Participation, Partnership, Placement and Connection) provide a transformative foundation to address historical, institutional, well‐being and socioeconomic drivers of current catastrophic trajectories. The time for action is now.
Synthesis, anti‐proliferative activities, docking studies, and computational calculations of novel isonicotinic mixed complexes
Authors: Fahim Asmaa M. , Magar Hend S. , Mahmoud Nelly H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, we studied the mixing of two ligands, isonicotinohydrazide (L1) and 3‐hydroxyisonicotinic acid (L2), with different metal ions to afford the corresponding stable metal complexes. Consequently, intensive physico‐chemical analysis including elemental analysis, UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mass, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic, and molar conductance measurements has been performed. The thermal stability of all complexes was determined using TGA, and the kinetic parameters were obtained using the Coats–Redfern method. Both the degree of crystallinity and the unit cell of all complexes were determined utilizing XRD studies. Furthermore, these metal complexes exhibited excellent anti‐proliferative activity against human breast cancer (MCF‐7) and human liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines against the doxorubicin drug. The Co(II) complex outperformed all other metal complexes in terms of activity, which was confirmed by molecular docking stimulation via the binding energy with amino acids in a structural complex of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) thymidylate synthase (PDBID:5H38) and the ternary complex of KRIT1 bound to both the Rap1 GTPase and the Heart of Glass (HEG1) cytoplasmic tail (PDBID:4hdq) and shortage. Moreover, these metal complexes were optimized via theoretical investigation through a density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set to confirm the stability of these metals theoretically and detect frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), electrostatic potential (ESP), energy gap, and physical computational calculations. Eventually, the electrochemical features were explored using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS).
Clinical Issues—February 2022
Authors: Seeman Kristyn 
Published: January 2022

THIS MONTH
Performing systematic reviews
Key words: systematic review protocol, nurse researcher, literature search strategy, scoping review, methodology.Sequential application of patient skin antiseptic solutionKey words: sequential antisepsis, surgical site preparation, skin antiseptic, instructions for use (IFU), preoperative.Patient radiology shieldingKey words: radiation safety officer (RSO), gonadal shielding, radiosensitive organs, as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), radiological exposure.Patient hair removal for neurosurgeryKey words: patient hair removal, surgical site infection, neurosurgical procedures, patient satisfaction, disposable clipper system.
Conservation evaluation of three Nigerian streams in different vegetation zones demonstrates why pristine freshwater ecosystems in the Afrotropics should be protected
Authors: Akindele Emmanuel O. , Adedapo Abiodun M. , Fagbohun Ibrahim R. , Akinpelu Oluwaseun T. , Amoo Timothy O. , Aliu Olanrewaju O. , Adeniyi Akinkunle V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Pristine freshwater ecosystems are becoming rarer globally, increasing the urgency of protecting sites of special conservation importance, particularly in regions where biological information is scarce.
This short article describes how the aquatic macroinvertebrate‐based Community Conservation Index (CCI) approach was used to assess the conservation value of three waterfall‐dominated stream systems located in different vegetation zones of Nigeria.
Samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons of 2020, showing that all three sites had very high conservation values (CCI > 20) in both time periods. The results provide a benchmark for similar evaluations in the region.
The use of biological evaluations such as CCI can improve the way freshwater ecosystems are assessed in the Afrotropics, helping to identify streams that could become freshwater protected areas or Ramsar sites.
Continuous‐time optimal pension indexing in pay‐as‐you‐go systems
Authors: Roch Oriol 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn aging population and the economic crisis have placed pay‐as‐you‐go pension systems in need of mechanisms to ensure their financial stability. In this article, we consider optimal indexing of pensions as an instrument to cope with the financial imbalances typically found in these systems. Using dynamic programming techniques in a stochastic continuous‐time framework, we compute the optimal pension index and portfolio strategy that best target indexing and liquidity objectives determined by the government. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the results.
Identifying autism symptom severity trajectories across childhood
Authors: Waizbard‐Bartov Einat , Ferrer Emilio , Heath Brianna , Rogers Sally J. , Nordahl Christine Wu , Solomon Marjorie , Amaral David G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn individual's autism symptom severity level can change across childhood. The prevalence and direction of change, however, are still not well understood. Nor are the characteristics of children that experience change. Symptom severity trajectories were evaluated from early to middle childhood (approximately ages 3–11) for 182 autistic children. Symptom severity change was evaluated using individual change scores and the Reliable Change Index. Fifty‐one percent of participants experienced symptom severity change: 27% of children decreased in severity, 24% increased and 49% were stable. Symptom severity decreases were more common during early childhood. Severity increases occurred at both early and middle childhood but increase in social affect severity was especially prominent during middle childhood. Most children experienced significant change during only one period and remained stable during the other. Girls decreased more and increased less in symptom severity than boys. Children that increased in severity decreased in adaptive functioning across childhood. Exploratory analyses indicated that a decrease in severity was associated with higher parental education level and older parental age at the time of the child's birth. Conversely, increase in autism severity was associated with lower parental education level and younger parental age at the child's birth. These findings extend recent observations that symptom severity change is more likely than previously appreciated. An understanding of the role of both biological and sociodemographic factors in determining a child's symptom trajectory may factor into future decisions on allocation and type of interventions distributed to young autistic children.Lay SummaryWe studied whether a child's autism severity changed from initial diagnosis until middle childhood (ages 3–11). We found that 27% of the children decreased in severity, 24% increased and the rest stayed the same. Symptom severity decreases were more common during early childhood while severity increases were more prominent during middle childhood. We also found that girls were more likely to decrease than boys. Whether a child decreased or increased is related, in part, to parental characteristics.
Der Demonstrator D1244: das weltweit erste adaptive Hochhaus
Authors: Blandini Lucio , Haase Walter , Weidner Stefanie , Böhm Michael , Burghardt Timon , Roth Daniel , Binz Hansgeorg , Sawodny Oliver , Sobek Werner 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdaptive Gebäudehüllen und Tragwerke sind ein möglicher Weg hin zu mehr Ressourceneffizienz im Bauwesen. Eine aktive Manipulation der Geometrie und des Tragwerkverhaltens ermöglicht es, Spannungsverteilungen zu optimieren, Verformungen zu reduzieren und Schwingungen zu dämpfen. Adaptive Gebäudehüllen wiederum können sich an wechselnde Bedingungen im Innen‐ bzw. Außenbereich anpassen und besser auf Nutzerbedürfnisse eingehen als herkömmliche Systeme. Adaptivität bedeutet die Manipulierbarkeit der Gebäudehülle oder des Tragwerks – und erfordert daher Aktuierung, Sensorik, Steuerungstechnik und Regelungskonzepte. Das übergeordnete Ziel der Adaptivität ist eine Minimierung des Material‐ und Energieverbrauchs sowie eine Reduktion der mit dem Bauwerk verbundenen direkten und indirekten Emissionen von Treibhausgasen. Das Konzept der Adaptivität wird seit vielen Jahren an der Universität Stuttgart erforscht. Seit 2017 sind diese Arbeiten im interdisziplinären Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 1244 zusammengefasst. Zur Verifizierung der gesammelten Erkenntnisse wurde auf dem Universitätscampus in Stuttgart‐Vaihingen Anfang 2021 der Demonstrator D1244 errichtet – das weltweit erste adaptive Hochhaus. Das ca. 36,5 m hohe Gebäude dient als multifunktionale Experimentalplattform, in dessen Stahltragwerk 24 hydraulische Aktoren integriert sind. Jedes Bauteil kann einzeln entnommen und gegen neu entwickelte adaptive Systeme ausgetauscht werden. Der Demonstrator erlaubt in den kommenden Jahren eine flexible Erprobung und Validierung unterschiedlichster Technologien und Materialien im Bereich des Tragwerks und der Fassade.