bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lunar Pit Morphology: Implications for Exploration
Authors: Wagner R. V. , Robinson M. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLunar pits are small (∼10–300 m wide) collapse features with vertical walls and sometimes overhangs. We have identified almost 300 pits, mostly in ponds of cooled impact melt inside large craters younger than ∼1 billion years. Several of these pits may provide access to lava tubes or other caves, and those in the maria expose the layering record of the top 20–100 m of basaltic lava flows. We investigated the 21 known pits outside of impact melt ponds to determine possible origins, ages, and present‐day access to the lunar subsurface. We used Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Narrow Angle Camera images (<2 m per pixel) to produce detailed 3D reconstructions of six pit interiors. We evaluated the general morphology and geologic context of all twenty‐one. While four pits have contexts suggestive of lava tubes, the majority are ambiguous, although all occur in or near the maria. We also propose that pit formation is an ongoing process, as the degree of degradation of a pit is unrelated to the age of the host terrain. Much of the original volume of most pits is now filled with debris, but some exhibit significant overhangs and may have present‐day cave access. Viewing pit walls and floors, even from the rims, requires navigating steep slopes of loose material. Since the floors are also covered with rough debris piles, we recommend simple flying vehicles for initial reconnaissance.
Lipids in cancer: a global view of the contribution of lipid pathways to metastatic formation and treatment resistance
Authors: Vasseur Sophie , Guillaumond Fabienne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLipids are essential constituents for malignant tumors, as they are absolutely required for tumor growth and dissemination. Provided by the tumor microenvironment (TME) or by cancer cells themselves through activation of de novo synthesis pathways, they orchestrate a large variety of pro-tumorigenic functions. Importantly, TME cells, especially immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), are also prone to changes in their lipid content, which hinder or promote tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we address the significant findings for lipid contribution in tumor progression towards a metastatic disease and in the poor response to therapeutic treatments. We also highlight the benefits of targeting lipid pathways in preclinical models to slow down metastasis development and overcome chemo-and immunotherapy resistance.
Transcriptomic analysis in the striatum reveals the involvement of Nurr1 in the social behavior of prenatally valproic acid-exposed male mice
Authors: Kim Hyunju , Woo Ran-Sook , Yang Eun-Jeong , Kim Han-Byeol , Jo Eun hwa , Lee Sangjoon , Im Hehin , Kim Seonghan , Kim Hye-Sun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that exhibits neurobehavioral deficits characterized by abnormalities in social interactions, deficits in communication as well as restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The basal ganglia is one of the brain regions implicated as dysfunctional in ASD. In particular, the defects in corticostriatal function have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD. Surface deformation of the striatum in the brains of patients with ASD and their correlation with behavioral symptoms was reported in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We demonstrated that prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure induced synaptic and molecular changes and decreased neuronal activity in the striatum. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we analyzed transcriptome alterations in striatal tissues from 10-week-old prenatally VPA-exposed BALB/c male mice. Among the upregulated genes, Nurr1 was significantly upregulated in striatal tissues from prenatally VPA-exposed mice. Viral knockdown of Nurr1 by shRNA significantly rescued the reduction in dendritic spine density and the number of mature dendritic spines in the striatum and markedly improved social deficits in prenatally VPA-exposed mice. In addition, treatment with amodiaquine, which is a known ligand for Nurr1, mimicked the social deficits and synaptic abnormalities in saline-exposed mice as observed in prenatally VPA-exposed mice. Furthermore, PatDp+/− mice, a commonly used ASD genetic mouse model, also showed increased levels of Nurr1 in the striatum. Taken together, these results suggest that the increase in Nurr1 expression in the striatum is a mechanism related to the changes in synaptic deficits and behavioral phenotypes of the VPA-induced ASD mouse model.
Computational modeling of orthostatic intolerance for travel to Mars
Authors: van Loon Lex M. , Steins Anne , Schulte Klaus-Martin , Gruen Russell , Tucker Emma M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAstronauts in a microgravity environment will experience significant changes in their cardiopulmonary system. Up until now, there has always been the reassurance that they have real-time contact with experts on Earth. Mars crew however will have gaps in their communication of 20 min or more. In silico experiments are therefore needed to assess fitness to fly for those on future space flights to Mars. In this study, we present an open-source controlled lumped mathematical model of the cardiopulmonary system that is able simulate the short-term adaptations of key hemodynamic parameters to an active stand test after being exposed to microgravity. The presented model is capable of adequately simulating key cardiovascular hemodynamic changes—over a short time frame—during a stand test after prolonged spaceflight under different gravitational conditions and fluid loading conditions. This model can form the basis for further exploration of the ability of the human cardiovascular system to withstand long-duration space flight and life on Mars.
Integration of plasmonic AgPd alloy nanoparticles with single-layer graphitic carbon nitride as Mott-Schottky junction toward photo-promoted H2 evolution
Authors: Gholipour Behnam , Zonouzi Afsaneh , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza , Rostamnia Sadegh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlasmonic AgPd alloy nanoparticles (AgPdNPs) decorated on single-layer carbon nitride (AgPdNPs/SLCN) for the designing of the Mott-Schottky junction were constructed with the ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal method and used toward photo evolution H2 from formic acid (FA) at near room temperature (30 °C). The Pd atom contains active sites that are synergistically boosted by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag atoms, leading to considerably enhanced photocatalytic properties. The photoactive AgPdNPs/SLCN obtained supreme catalytic activity to produce 50 mL of gas (H2 + CO2) with the initial turnover frequency of 224 h-1 under light irradiation. The catalyst showed stable catalytic performance during successive cycles.
Large genomic deletion linked to field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) from Florida
Authors: Banerjee R. , De Bortoli C. P. , Huang F. , Lamour K. , Meagher R. , Buntin D. , Ni X. , Reay-Jones F. P. F. , Stewart S. , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest of relevant food and fiber staple crops. In the Americas, transgenic corn and cotton producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have controlled and reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda. However, cases of field-evolved S. frugiperda resistance to Bt corn producing the Cry1F insecticidal protein have been documented in North and South America. When characterized, field resistance to Cry1F is linked to insertions and mutations resulting in a modified or truncated ABC transporter subfamily C2 (SfABCC2) protein that serves as Cry1F receptor in susceptible S. frugiperda. In this work, we present detection of a large genomic deletion (~ 8 kb) affecting the SfABCC2 and an ABC transporter gene subfamily 3 –like gene (SfABCC3) as linked to resistance to Cry1F corn in a S. frugiperda strain from Florida (FL39). Monitoring for this genomic deletion using a discriminatory PCR reaction in field-collected S. frugiperda moths detected individuals carrying this allele in Florida, but not in surrounding states. This is the first report of a large genomic deletion being involved in resistance to a Bt insecticidal protein.
Dynamic modeling and simulation of rigid-flexible coupling cable system by absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Jingchao , Wang Haofeng , Song Huitao , Luo Zhong , Han Qingkai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rigid-flexible coupling cable system under large deformation is studied, and the beam element from absolute node coordinate formulation is used to establish flexible cable body of the system. Different numerical integral algorithms are discussed for solving the rigid-flexible cable system and an integration strategy which combines Implicit Euler with Minimum Residual Method (MINRES) is proposed. The influence of the position and number of rigid components and different the lengths of the flexible elements on the system dynamics are analyzed. With constant total mass of the system, higher number of rigid components and their uniform distribution contribute to stabilization of the swing of the flexible cable body. When the total length of the cable is constant, increasing the number of beam elements enhances the nonlinear characteristics of the swing motion and damages the stability. The influence of different factors on the movement of large deformation flexible cable body is obtained through modeling and simulation of the rigid-flexible coupling cable system.
Effects of oceanographic environment on the distribution and migration of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) during main fishing season
Authors: Liu Shigang , Liu Yang , Li Jianchao , Cao Chang , Tian Hao , Li Wenjia , Tian Yongjun , Watanabe Yoshiro , Lin Longshan , Li Yuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is one of the most commercially important pelagic fishes in Asia–Pacific countries. The oceanographic environment, especially the Oyashio Current, significantly affects the distribution of Pacific saury, and may lead to variations in their migration route and the formation of fishing grounds in Japanese coastal region and the high seas. In this study, six oceanographic factors, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (SSC), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface height (SSH), mixed layer depth (MLD), and eddy kinetic energy (EKE), were associated with the monthly catch per unit effort 1 (monthly CPUE1, ton/vessel) and the monthly CPUE2 (ton/day) of Pacific saury from Chinese fishing vessels during the optimal fishing periods (September–November) in 2014–2017. The gradient forest analysis showed that the performance of monthly CPUE1 was higher than monthly CPUE2 and SST was the most important oceanographic factor influencing monthly CPUE1, followed by EKE. The generalized additive model indicated that SST, SSH, and EKE negatively affected monthly CPUE1, whereas SSC, SSS, and MLD induced dome-shaped increases in monthly CPUE1. The distributions of fishing locations are likely to form along Offshore Oyashio current and meanders, especially in October and November. Synchronous trends in the relationship between the intrusion area of the Oyashio and relative abundance variation index suggest that an increase in the intrusion area of the Oyashio causes more Pacific saury to migrate to the Japanese coastal region, and vice versa. These findings extend our understanding of the effects of the oceanographic environment on Pacific saury.
Biomechanics of cancer stem cells
Authors: Chen Xi , Tang Kai , Li Xueyi , Zhang Cunyu , Xin Ying , Li Keming , Tan Youhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) have been believed to be one driving force for tumor progression and drug resistance. Despite the significance of biochemical signaling in malignancy, highly malignant tumor cells or CSCs exhibit lower cellular stiffness than weakly malignant cells or non-CSCs, which are softer than their healthy counterparts, suggesting the inverse correlation between cell stiffness and malignancy. Recent years have witnessed the rapid accumulation of evidence illustrating the reciprocity between cell cytoskeleton/mechanics and CSC functions and the potential of cellular stiffness for specific targeting of CSCs. However, a systematic understanding of tumor cell mechanics and their role in CSCs and tumor progression is still lacking. The present review summarizes the recent progress in the alterations of tumor cell cytoskeleton and stiffness at different stages of tumor progression and recapitulates the relationship between cellular stiffness and CSC functions. The altered cell mechanics may mediate the mechanoadaptive responses that possibly empower CSCs to survive and thrive during metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the possible impact of tumor cell mechanics on CSC malignancy, which may potentiate low cell stiffness as a mechanical marker for CSC targeting.
Associations Between Parent Mental State Language and Child Inhibitory Control in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Lind-Combs Holly C. , Holt Rachael Frush 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) are at increased risk for neurocognitive delays, which can have cascading effects on development. Associations between neurocognition and the content of parental language—specifically the use of mental state vocabulary—have been observed in typically hearing (TH) children. This study investigated the role of parental use of mental state language (e.g., vocabulary related to thought processes, desires, and emotions) in explaining variability in neurocognition in children who are D/HH.

Method:
Dyads of 62 TH and 69 D/HH children who wear hearing aids or cochlear implants (ages 3–8 years) and their primary parent were videorecorded during a 20-min play session. Specific mental state words used by parents were extracted. Child neurocognition (specifically, inhibitory control) was assessed using norm-referenced measures.

Results:
Parent use of mental state language predicted child inhibitory control differentially based on hearing status, with a significant relation in the D/HH but not the TH group. Mental state vocabulary related to cognition (e.g., “think,” “know”), but not to desire (e.g., “want,” “like”) or emotion (e.g., “feel,” “frustrated”), predicted child inhibitory control in the D/HH group. Finally, there was a significant relation between the use of first person, but not second or third person, mental state verbs (e.g., “I think”) and child inhibitory control.

Conclusions:
Parental use of cognitive mental state vocabulary models language around thought processes, and parents' use of first-person referents models “self-talk.” Modeling of these linguistic forms is likely foundational for developing self-regulation. Children who are D/HH often experience reduced auditory access and/or language delays and thus rely on high-quality parental language input for longer periods of development than their TH peers. Continued support from interventionists is indicated to coach parents to be high-quality models of more abstract, decontextualized language, supporting complex language development and inhibitory control in children who are D/HH.
Baseline Stimulability Predicts Patterns of Response to Traditional and Ultrasound Biofeedback Treatment for Residual Speech Sound Disorder
Authors: McAllister Tara , Eads Amanda , Kabakoff Heather , Scott Marc , Boyce Suzanne , Whalen D. H. , Preston Jonathan L. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to identify predictors of response to treatment for residual speech sound disorder (RSSD) affecting English rhotics. Progress was tracked during an initial phase of traditional motor-based treatment and a longer phase of treatment incorporating ultrasound biofeedback. Based on previous literature, we focused on baseline stimulability and sensory acuity as predictors of interest.

Method:
Thirty-three individuals aged 9–15 years with residual distortions of /ɹ/ received a course of individual intervention comprising 1 week of intensive traditional treatment and 9 weeks of ultrasound biofeedback treatment. Stimulability for /ɹ/ was probed prior to treatment, after the traditional treatment phase, and after the end of all treatment. Accuracy of /ɹ/ production in each probe was assessed with an acoustic measure: normalized third formant (F3)–second formant (F2) distance. Model-based clustering analysis was applied to these acoustic measures to identify different average trajectories of progress over the course of treatment. The resulting clusters were compared with respect to acuity in auditory and somatosensory domains.

Results:
All but four individuals were judged to exhibit a clinically significant response to the combined course of treatment. Two major clusters were identified. The “low stimulability” cluster was characterized by very low accuracy at baseline, minimal response to traditional treatment, and strong response to ultrasound biofeedback. The “high stimulability” group was more accurate at baseline and made significant gains in both traditional and ultrasound biofeedback phases of treatment. The clusters did not differ with respect to sensory acuity.

Conclusions:
This research accords with clinical intuition in finding that individuals who are more stimulable at baseline are more likely to respond to traditional intervention, whereas less stimulable individuals may derive greater relative benefit from biofeedback.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20422236
Magnetic field regulation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell behaviours on TiO2 nanotubes via surface potential mediated by Terfenol‐D/P(VDF‐TrFE) film
Authors: Qi Haisheng , Ke Qi , Tang Qiwen , Yin Lei , Yang Lixin , Ning Chengyun , Su Jianyu , Fang Liming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to match the mutual interactions between implant and host because the biomaterials usually cannot actively adjust their performance to the changing microenvironment. Surface potential is one of the critical factors affecting the bioactivity of biomaterials, but it is difficult to be directly controlled in vivo. Magnetic stimulation has attracted much attention due to its deep penetrability, good reliability, and convenient operability. Here, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes and Terfenol‐D/P(VDF‐TrFE) composite film are prepared by anodic oxidation and solution casting methods on opposite sides of a titanium sheet, respectively. Terfenol‐D magnetostrictive microparticles deform under a magnetic field, generating surface potential on the P(VDF‐TrFE) piezoelectric matrix through magneto‐electric coupling. Correspondingly, equal opposite charges are induced on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. Stem cells cultured on TiO2 nanotubes show that cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation abilities can be regulated by magnetic strength, which correlates with the absorption of charged proteins. Therefore, a cascade coupling of magnetic, mechanical, electric, biochemical, and cellular effects is established. This work demonstrates the feasibility of regulating the bioactivity of biomaterials in vivo through a magnetic field.
EMISSA (Exploring millimetre indicators of solar-stellar activity)
Authors: Mohan A. , Wedemeyer S. , Hauschildt P. H. , Pandit S. , Saberi M. 
Published: August 2022

Context. An activity indicator, which can provide a robust quantitative mapping between the stellar activity and the physical properties of its atmosphere, is important in exploring the evolution of the observed active phenomena across main-sequence stars of different spectral types. Common activity indicators do provide qualitative correlations with physical properties such as Teff and the rotation period, among others. However, due to the large variability in their values, even for a single star, defining robust quantitative mappings between activity and physical properties is difficult. Millimetre (mm) wavelengths probe the different atmospheric layers within the stellar chromosphere, providing a tomographic view of the atmospheric dynamics.
Aims. The project aims to define a robust activity indicator by characterising mm brightness temperature spectra (TB(ν)) of the cool main-sequence stars (Teff ∼ 5000–7000 K) compiled by Paper I in this series. The sample contains 13 stars, including the Sun.
Methods. We derived the mm TB(ν) spectral indices (αmm) for cool stars, including the Sun, based on observations in the 30–1000 GHz range. The derived values for αmm are explored as a function of various physical parameters and empirical power-law functions were derived. We also compared αmm estimates with other activity indicators.
Results. Despite the estimation errors, αmm values could distinguish the cool stars well, unlike common activity indicators. The low estimation errors on the derived trends of αmm vs. physical parameters suggest that αmm could be a robust activity indicator.
Conclusions. We note that αmm, which is linked to chromospheric thermal stratification and activity in cool stars, can well distinguish and physically characterise the stars more robustly than common activity indicators. We emphasise the need for multi-frequency data across the mm band for stars, with a range of physical parameters and gathered at multiple epochs during their activity cycles. This will help to explore αmm in a statistically robust manner and to study the emergence of chromospheric heating on the main sequence.
Veränderung des Blickmusters in Abhängigkeit des
Stadiums der Brustrekonstruktion mittels DIEP Lappenplastik – erste
Daten einer Eye-Tracking-Analyse
Authors: Kantelhardt Chiara , Frank Konstantin , Kohler Lukas , Cotofana Sebastian , Alfertshofer Michael , Hagen Christine Sophie , Walbrun Alina , Karcz Konrad , Giunta Riccardo E. , Möllhoff Nicholas 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Brustrekonstruktion mittels autologem Gewebe ist fester
Bestandteil eines ganzheitlichen Therapiekonzeptes bei Patientinnen mit
Mammakarzinom. Während zahlreiche Studien den körperlichen und
psychischen Gesundheitszustand von Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs nach Mastektomie
und konsekutiver Brustrekonstruktion untersuchen, mangelt es an objektiven Daten
zur Beurteilung des Einflusses von Ablatio und Brustrekonstruktion auf die
Wahrnehmung von externen Beobachtern. Diese Studie untersucht die Blickmuster
bei Betrachtung einer Brust in verschiedenen Stadien der Brustrekonstruktion
mittels DIEP Lappenplastik.
Material und Methoden Mittels Eye-Tracking-Technologie wurden die
Augenbewegungen von 58 Studienteilnehmer*in- nen beim Betrachten von
2D-Fotografien einer Patientin in den verschiedenen Stadien der
Brustrekonstruktion (1. Ablatio, 2. Aufbau mittels DIEP Lappenplastik, 3. MAK
Rekonstruktion) analysiert. Die Zeit bis zur ersten Fixierung und die Dauer der
Fixierung wurde in jedem Bild für die rechte und linke Brust
aufgezeichnet.
Ergebnisse Die Dauer der kompletten Fixierung der operierten Brust zeigte
über die verschiedenen Stadien der Brustrekonstruktion insgesamt eine
signifikante Abnahme mit p<0,001. Gleichzeitig zeigte sich keine
statistisch signifikante Veränderung der Blickdauer auf der
nicht-operierten Gegen- seite mit p=0,174. Die Zeit bis zur ersten
Blickfixierung der betroffenen Brust zeigte eine signifikante Zunahme
über die verschiedenen Rekonstruktionsschritte, mit p<0,001. Bei
der Gegenseite zeigte sich kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied in der
Zeit bis zur ersten Fixierung, mit p=0,344.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ablatio mammae und die einzelnen Schritte der
Brustrekonstruktion verändern die äußerliche Wahrnehmung
von Patientinnen. Im Laufe der einzelnen re- konstruktiven Teilschritte kommt es
zu einer zunehmenden Aufhebung der Blickdeviation in Richtung erkrankte
Brust.