bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haunted House: Physical Smart Home Event Verification in the Presence of Compromised Sensors
Authors: Birnbach Simon , Eberz Simon , Martinovic Ivan 
Published: April 2022

In this article, we verify physical events using data from an ensemble of smart home sensors. This approach both protects against event sensor faults and sophisticated attackers.
To validate our system’s performance, we set up a “smart home” in an office environment. We recognize 22 event types using 48 sensors over the course of two weeks. Using data from the physical sensors, we verify the event stream supplied by the event sensors to detect both masking and spoofing attacks.
We consider three threat models: a zero-effort attacker, an opportunistic attacker, and a sensor-compromise attacker who can arbitrarily modify live sensor data. For spoofed events, we achieve perfect classification for 9 out of 22 events and achieve a 0% false alarm rate at a detection rate exceeding 99.9% for 15 events. For 11 events the majority of masking attacks can be detected without causing any false alarms. We also show that even a strong opportunistic attacker is inherently limited to spoofing few select events and that doing so involves lengthy waiting periods. Finally, we demonstrate the vulnerability of a single-classifier system to compromised sensor data and introduce a more secure approach based on sensor fusion.
Expression of Serum sLOX-1 in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Correlation with Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Hao Fangfang , Chen Jinliang , Wu Jinnan , Ge Xin , Lv Xuedong , Zhang Dongmei , Chen Jianrong 
Published: April 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression level of soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) in the serum of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its correlation with lipid metabolism. Methods. 99 inpatients with NSCLC and 81 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The levels of serum sLOX-1 were compared between the two groups, and the correlation of sLOX-1 with clinicopathological characteristics, blood lipid indices, and carcinoembryonic antigen was analyzed. Results. Compared with the healthy controls, sLOX-1, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and carcinoembryonic antigen in the patients with NSCLC were significantly higher (

p

< 0.05), while the expression level of high-density lipoprotein was lower (

p

< 0.05). The expression level of sLOX-1 in the serum of patients with healthy controls was positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.72,

p

< 0.05). The levels of sLOX-1 and low-density lipoprotein in the serum of patients with NSCLC were closely related to the lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage (

p

< 0.05). Compared with a single index, when the sLOX-1 was combined with the CEA, its specificity increased significantly to 97.5% (AUC = 0.995,

p

< 0.01, 95% CI: 0.989–1.000). Conclusion. sLOX-1 and low-density lipoprotein were overexpressed in the serum of patients with NSCLC, positively correlated, and closely related to the TNM stage and metastasis. This result suggested that lipid metabolic disorders may promote the progression of NSCLC through sLOX-1, which could be a potential serological marker with diagnostic value for NSCLC.
Activity of Adagrasib (MRTX849) in Brain Metastases: Preclinical Models and Clinical Data from Patients with KRASG12C-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sabari Joshua K. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Shimizu Kazuhide , Strickland Matthew R. , Heist Rebecca S. , Singh Mohini , Nayyar Naema , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Digumarthy Subba R. , Gainor Justin F. , Rajan Anant P. , Nieblas-Bedolla Edwin , Burns Aaron C. , Hallin Jill , Olson Peter , Christensen James G. , Kurz Sylvia C. , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Wakimoto Hiroaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients with KRAS-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM) have a poor prognosis. Adagrasib (MRTX849), a potent oral small-molecule KRASG12C inhibitor, irreversibly and selectively binds KRASG12C, locking it in its inactive state. Adagrasib has been optimized for favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including long half-life (∼24 hours), extensive tissue distribution, dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, and central nervous system penetration; however, BM-specific antitumor activity of KRASG12C inhibitors remains to be fully characterized.

Experimental Design:
A retrospective database query identified patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC to understand their propensity to develop BM. Preclinical studies assessed physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of adagrasib. Mice bearing intracranial KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC xenografts (LU99-Luc/H23-Luc/LU65-Luc) were treated with clinically relevant adagrasib doses, and levels of adagrasib in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain were determined along with antitumor activity. Preliminary clinical data were collected from 2 patients with NSCLC with untreated BM who had received adagrasib 600 mg twice daily in the phase Ib cohort of the KRYSTAL-1 trial; CSF was collected, adagrasib concentrations measured, and antitumor activity in BM evaluated.

Results:
Patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC demonstrated high propensity to develop BM (≥40%). Adagrasib penetrated into CSF and demonstrated tumor regression and extended survival in multiple preclinical BM models. In 2 patients with NSCLC and untreated BM, CSF concentrations of adagrasib measured above the target cellular IC50. Both patients demonstrated corresponding BM regression, supporting potential clinical activity of adagrasib in the brain.

Conclusions:
These data support further development of adagrasib in patients with KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC with untreated BM.
See related commentary by Kommalapati and Mansfield, p. 3179
Type I but Not Type II Calreticulin Mutations Activate the IRE1α/XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response to Drive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Ibarra Juan , Elbanna Yassmin A. , Kurylowicz Katarzyna , Ciboddo Michele , Greenbaum Harrison S. , Arellano Nicole S. , Rodriguez Deborah , Evers Maria , Bock-Hughes Althea , Liu Chenyu , Smith Quinn , Lutze Julian , Baumeister Julian , Kalmer Milena , Olschok Kathrin , Nicholson Benjamin , Silva Diane , Maxwell Luke , Dowgielewicz Jonathan , Rumi Elisa , Pietra Daniela , Casetti Ilaria Carola , Catricala Silvia , Koschmieder Steffen , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Schneider Rebekka K. , Oakes Scott A. , Elf Shannon E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Approximately 20% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) harbor mutations in the gene calreticulin (CALR), with 80% of those mutations classified as either type I or type II. While type II CALR-mutant proteins retain many of the Ca2+ binding sites present in the wild-type protein, type I CALR-mutant proteins lose these residues. The functional consequences of this differential loss of Ca2+ binding sites remain unexplored. Here, we show that the loss of Ca2+ binding residues in the type I mutant CALR protein directly impairs its Ca2+ binding ability, which in turn leads to depleted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ and subsequent activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of IRE1α/XBP1 signaling induces cell death in type I mutant but not type II mutant or wild-type CALR-expressing cells, and abrogates type I mutant CALR-driven MPN disease progression in vivo.

Significance:
Current targeted therapies for CALR-mutated MPNs are not curative and fail to differentiate between type I- versus type II-driven disease. To improve treatment strategies, it is critical to identify CALR mutation type–specific vulnerabilities. Here we show that IRE1α/XBP1 represents a unique, targetable dependency specific to type I CALR-mutated MPNs.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 265
Transnational Private Environmental Rule Makers as Interest Organizations: Evidence from the European Union
Authors: Renckens Stefan , Pue Kristen , Janzwood Amy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile anecdotal evidence suggests that transnational private rule-making organizations (TPROs)—such as eco-certification organizations—lobby public policy makers, we know little about the extent of this phenomenon or the characteristics of TPROs that lobby. TPRO lobbying is relevant given that their rule-making activities directly intersect with public policy. We use the interest group and private governance literatures to examine TPRO features that distinguish TPROs that lobby from those that do not. We developed an original data set of 147 environmental TPROs and assessed TPRO lobbying by their registration in the European Union’s Transparency Register (TR). We find that a quarter of the TPROs in our data set are registered in the TR, and that capacity and expertise matter. Contrary to expectations, however, we do not find that certain key features of TPROs—such as business origins or credibility—are correlated with being registered, which implies that these features do not create inequalities in the TPRO population in terms of lobbying likelihood. By assessing environmental TPROs as interest organizations that engage in lobbying, we contribute to research on public–private governance interactions and identify TPROs as an interest group population in its own right.
LOT: A Story-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Chinese Long Text Understanding and Generation
Authors: Guan Jian , Feng Zhuoer , Chen Yamei , He Ruilin , Mao Xiaoxi , Fan Changjie , Huang Minlie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStandard multi-task benchmarks are essential for developing pretraining models that can generalize to various downstream tasks. Existing benchmarks for natural language processing (NLP) usually focus only on understanding or generating short texts. However, long text modeling requires many distinct abilities in contrast to short texts, such as the modeling of long-range discourse and commonsense relations, and the coherence and controllability of generation. The lack of standardized benchmarks makes it difficult to assess these abilities of a model and fairly compare different models, especially Chinese models. Therefore, we propose a story-centric benchmark named LOT for evaluating Chinese long text modeling, which aggregates two understanding tasks and two generation tasks. We construct new datasets for these tasks based on human-written Chinese stories with hundreds of words. Furthermore, we release an encoder-decoder-based Chinese long text pretraining model named LongLM with up to 1 billion parameters. We pretrain LongLM on 120G Chinese novels with two generative tasks including text infilling and conditional continuation. Extensive experiments show that LongLM outperforms similar-sized pretraining models substantially on both the understanding and generation tasks in LOT.
Farewell to Revolution! Gustav Landauer’s Death and the Funerary Shaping of His Legacy
Authors: Cohen-Skalli Cedric , Pisano Libera 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The violent death of Landauer in May 1919 at the end of the Räterepublik of Munich left several of his best friends with a terrible feeling: a sense of tension between the unique hopes incarnated by Landauer and the spiritual and political void his passing left behind. This article is an attempt to capture the tragic shift from a living revolutionary who projected his unique anarchist views onto the failed Munich Revolution to the efforts of a group of close friends who searched to save their dear Landauer from the infamy of failure, making of his months in Munich and his death an important amendment to his spiritual and political legacy.
Predicting the Present: Gershom Scholem on Prophecy
Authors: Styfhals Willem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the conception of prophecy that Gershom Scholem developed in his early essay “On Jonah and the Concept of Justice” (1919). I argue that Scholem did not so much develop a theological interpretation of the nature of prophecy but was rather concerned with the philosophical issues of time and justice. These concerns are demonstrably related to his friend Walter Benjamin’s interests in the late 1910s and early 1920s. Scholem’s philosophical reflections on prophecy, therefore, offer a unique insight into the complex intellectual relation between him and Benjamin.
Oviparity, viviparity or plasticity in reproductive mode of the olm Proteus anguinus: an epic misunderstanding caused by prey regurgitation?
Authors: Recknagel Hans , Premate Ester , Zakšek Valerija , Aljančič Gregor , Kostanjšek Rok , Trontelj Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cave animals are biological models of fast evolutionary change induced by transition to extreme subterranean environments. But their concealed lifestyle makes it inherently difficult to study life-history changes. Therefore, currently very little is known on the reproduction of cave species, and even less is known on general patterns and potentially shared reproductive strategies. Theory predicts that the cave environment favours the production of a few well-developed offspring and live birth. For one of the most enigmatic cave animals, the olm (Proteus anguinus), it has been debated fiercely whether they reproduce by live birth (viviparity), egg-laying (oviparity) or facultatively. While successes in captive breeding after the 1950s report oviparity as the single parity mode, some historically older observations claimed viviparity. The controversial neo-Lamarckist Paul Kammerer even claimed to have induced changes in parity mode by altering environmental conditions. Here, we report on the feeding and regurgitation of fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) larvae by olms. The salamander larvae showed clear teeth marks and other injuries on the head caused by the olm, yet one larva was still alive after regurgitation. We suggest that historical reports of olm viviparity could have been misled by regurgitated salamander larvae. Our data bring additional indications that at least some of Kammerer’s experiments were fraudulent.
Observing Multisphere Hydrological Changes in the Largest River Basin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Lei , Cuo Lan , Luo Dongliang , Su Fengge , Ye Qinghua , Yao Tandong , Zhou Jing , Li Xiuping , Li Ning , Sun He , Liu Lei , Wang Yuanwei , Zeng Tian , Hu Zhidan , Liu Ruishun , Chai Chenhao , Wang Guangpeng , Zhong Xiaoyang , Guo Xiaoyu , Zhao Haoqiang , Zhao Huabiao , Yang Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Upper Brahmaputra (UB) is the largest (∼240,000 km2) river basin of the Tibetan Plateau, where hydrological processes are highly sensitive to climate change. However, constrained by difficult access and sparse in situ observations, the variations in precipitation, glaciers, frozen ground, and vegetation across the UB basin remain largely unknown, and consequently the impacts of climate change on streamflow cannot be accurately assessed. To fill this gap, this project aims to establish a basinwide, large-scale observational network (that includes hydrometeorology, glacier, frozen ground, and vegetation observations), which helps quantify the UB runoff processes under climate–cryosphere–vegetation changes. At present, a multisphere observational network has been established throughout the catchment: 1) 12 stations with custom-built weighing automatic rain/snow meters and temperature probes to obtain elevation-dependent gradients; 2) 9 stations with soil moisture/temperature observations at four layers (10, 40, 80, 120 cm) covering Alpine meadow, grasslands, shrub, and forest to measure vegetation (biomass and vegetation types) and soil (physical properties) simultaneously; 3) 34 sets of probes to monitor frozen ground temperatures from 4,500 to 5,200 m elevation (100-m intervals), and two observation systems to monitor water and heat transfer processes in frozen ground at Xuegela (5,278 m) and Mayoumula (5,256 m) Mountains, for improved mapping of permafrost and active layer characteristics; 4) 5 sets of altimetry discharge observations along ungauged cross sections to supplement existing operational gauges; 5) high-precision glacier boundary and ice-surface elevation observations at Namunani Mountain with differential GPS, to supplement existing glacier observations for validating satellite imagery. This network provides an excellent opportunity to monitor UB catchment processes in great detail.
Drought over Southeast Asia and Its Association with Large-Scale Drivers
Authors: Phan-Van Tan , Nguyen-Ngoc-Bich Phuong , Ngo-Duc Thanh , Vu-Minh Tue , Le Phong V. V. , Trinh-Tuan Long , Nguyen-Thi Tuyet , Pham-Thanh Ha , Tran-Quang Duc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of drought over the entire Southeast Asia (SEA) region and its associations with the large-scale climate drivers during the period 1960–2019 are investigated for the first time. The 12-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was computed based on the monthly Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) precipitation and the monthly Climate Research Unit (CRU) 2-m temperature. The relationships between drought and large-scale climate drivers were examined using the principal component analysis (PCA) and maximum covariance analysis (MCA) techniques. Results showed that the spatiotemporal variability of drought characteristics over SEA is significantly different between mainland Indochina and the Maritime Continent and the difference has been increased substantially in recent decades. Moreover, the entire SEA is divided into four homogeneous drought subregions. Drought over SEA is strongly associated with oceanic and atmospheric large-scale drivers, particularly El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), following by other remote factors such as the variability of sea surface temperature (SST) over the tropical Atlantic, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Indian Ocean dipole mode (IOD). In addition, there exists an SST anomaly dipole over the Pacific Ocean, which modulates the atmospheric circulations and consequently precipitation over SEA, affecting drought conditions in the study region.
Mechanisms of Ocean Heat Uptake along and across Isopycnals
Authors: Clément Louis , McDonagh E. L. , Gregory J. M. , Wu Q. , Marzocchi A. , Zika J. D. , Nurser A. J. G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Warming of the climate system accumulates mostly in the ocean and discrepancies in how this is modeled contribute to uncertainties in predicting sea level rise. In this study, regional temperature changes in an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (HadCM3) are partitioned between excess (due to perturbed surface heat fluxes) and redistributed (arising from changing circulation and perturbations to mixing) components. In simulations with historical forcing, we first compare this excess–redistribution partitioning with the spice and heave decomposition, in which temperature anomalies enter the ocean interior either along isopycnals (spice) or across isopycnals (heave, without affecting the temperature–salinity curve). Second, heat and salinity budgets projected into thermohaline space naturally reveal the mechanisms behind temperature change by spice and heave linked with water mass generation or destruction. Excess warming enters the ocean as warming by heave in subtropical gyres whereas it mainly projects onto warming by spice in the Southern Ocean and the tropical Atlantic. In subtropical gyres, Ekman pumping generates excess warming as confirmed by Eulerian heat budgets. In contrast, isopycnal mixing partly drives warming and salinification by spice, as confirmed by budgets in thermohaline space, underlying the key role of salinity changes for the ocean warming signature. Our study suggests a method to detect excess warming using spice and heave calculated from observed repeat profiles of temperature and salinity.
Genomics-driven screening for causal determinants of suicide attempt
Authors: Campos Adrian I , Garcia-Marin Luis M , Christensen Helen , Batterham Philip J , van Velzen Laura S , Schmaal Lianne ,   The International Suicide Genetics Consortium, Rabinowitz Jill A , Jahanshad Neda , Martin Nicholas G , Cuellar-Partida Gabriel , Ruderfer Douglas , Mullins Niamh , Rentería Miguel E 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Each year, around one million people die by suicide. Despite its recognition as a public health concern, large-scale research on causal determinants of suicide attempt risk is scarce. Here, we leverage results from a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of suicide attempt to perform a data-driven screening of traits causally associated with suicide attempt. Methods: We performed a hypothesis-generating phenome-wide screening of causal relationships between suicide attempt risk and 1520 traits, which have been systematically aggregated on the Complex-Traits Genomics Virtual Lab platform. We employed the latent causal variable (LCV) method, which uses results from GWAS to assess whether a causal relationship can explain a genetic correlation between two traits. If a trait causally influences another one, the genetic variants that increase risk for the causal trait will also increase the risk for the outcome inducing a genetic correlation. Nonetheless, a genetic correlation can also be observed when traits share common pathways. The LCV method can assess whether the pattern of genetic effects for two genetically correlated traits support a causal association rather than a shared aetiology. Results: Our approach identified 62 traits that increased risk for suicide attempt. Risk factors identified can be broadly classified into (1) physical health disorders, including oesophagitis, fibromyalgia, hernia and cancer; (2) mental health-related traits, such as depression, substance use disorders and anxiety; and (3) lifestyle traits including being involved in combat or exposure to a war zone, and specific job categories such as being a truck driver or machine operator. Conclusions: Suicide attempt risk is likely explained by a combination of behavioural phenotypes and risk for both physical and psychiatric disorders. Our results also suggest that substance use behaviours and pain-related conditions are associated with an increased suicide attempt risk, elucidating important causal mechanisms that underpin this significant public health problem.