bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE INFLUENCE OF COMORBID CONDITIONS ON THE LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Lunova T. V. , Klishch I. M. 
Published: November 2022

Background. Gender differences in the baseline characteristics of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been widely acknowledged. Women are known to be generally older with a higher prevalence of comorbidities.
Objectives. Gender differences in the baseline characteristics of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been widely acknowledged. Women are known to be generally older with a higher prevalence of comorbidities. At the same time, it is now yet clear which comorbid conditions have the most significant impact on the long-term outcomes of patients with ACS and if there are any gender differences in this respect.
Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 167 patients (109 men and 58 women) admitted to the acute coronary unit of Ternopil Municipal Hospital with ACS in 2016-2017. All relevant clinical information has been recorded in the pre-designed data charts. The incidence of repeated major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) has been assessed over 36 months after the hospital discharge via an e-Health electronic system.
Results. In this cohort, female patients with ACS had a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions: 15.5% of women vs. 11% of men with ACS had ≥5 comorbidities, 65.5% of women and 60% of men had 2-4 comorbid conditions, and 19% of women vs. 29% ≤1 concomitant disease. The comorbidity structure also differed between genders. Women more often had concomitant cerebrovascular diseases (17.2% vs. 7.3%, p=0.05), dementia (15.5% vs. 5.5 %, p=0.03), connective tissue disorders (17.25 vs. 6.42%, p=0.03) and thyroid disease (12.1% vs. 2.8%, p=0.02). Men more often suffered from peptic ulcer (13.7% vs. 3.4%, p=0.05). The incidence of MACEs during the follow-up period rose sharply with age and was higher in females (55% vs. 33%, p=0.003). In the multivariable model, PAD (OR 9.5, 95% CI: 1.7-52.3, p=0.01) and thyroid disease (OR 7.2, 95% CI: 1.19-43.2, p=0.03) demonstrated the most significant impact on the long-term event-free survival of females in the cohort. In turn, a solid metastatic tumor was the most significant predictor of poor prognosis in men (OR 6.3, 95% CI: 2.13-18.9, p=0.001).
Conclusions. We observed significant gender differences in the prevalence of comorbid conditions and their influence on the three-year event-free survival of patients with ACS. The predictive value of comorbidities should be further investigated, preferably, with the involvement of larger cohorts.
The Novel Lysosomal Autophagy Inhibitor (ROC-325) Ameliorates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Bao Changlei , Liang Shuxin , Han Ying , Yang Zi , Liu Shiyun , Sun Yanan , Zheng Shichuang , Li Yuzhu , Wang Ting , Gu Yali , Wu Kang , Black Stephen M. , Wang Jian , Nawrocki Steffan T. , Carew Jennifer S. , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Tang Haiyang 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). ROC-325 is a novel small molecule lysosomal autophagy inhibitor that has more potent anticancer activity than the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine, the latter has been prevalently used to inhibit autophagy. Here, we sought to determine the therapeutic benefit and mechanism of action of ROC-325 in experimental PH models.

Methods and Results:

Hemodynamics, echocardiography, and histology measurement showed that ROC-325 treatment prevented the development of PH, right ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and vascular remodeling after monocrotaline and Sugen5416/hypoxia administration. ROC-325 attenuated high K
+
or alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and enhanced endothelial-dependent relaxation in isolated pulmonary artery rings. ROC-325 treatment inhibited autophagy and enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in lung tissues of monocrotaline-PH rats. In cultured human and rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell and pulmonary arterial endothelial cell under hypoxia exposure, ROC-325 increased LC3B (light chain 3 beta) and p62 accumulation, endothelial cell nitric oxide production via phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser1177) and dephosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Thr495) as well as decreased HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α and HIF-2α stabilization.

Conclusions:
These data indicate that ROC-325 is a promising novel agent for the treatment of PH that inhibits autophagy, downregulates HIF levels, and increases nitric oxide production.
Association Between DNA Methylation and Blood Pressure: A 5-Year Longitudinal Twin Study
Authors: Hong Xuanming , Miao Ke , Cao Weihua , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Pang Zengchang , Yu Min , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Liu Yu , Gao Wenjing , Li Liming 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Previous EWASs (Epigenome-Wide Association Studies) have reported hundreds of blood pressure (BP) associated 5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′ (CpG) sites. However, their results were inconsistent. Longitudinal observations on the temporal relationship between DNA methylation and BP are lacking.

Methods:
A candidate CpG site association study for BP was conducted on 1072 twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for candidate CpG sites. Cross-lagged models were used to assess the temporal relationship between BP and DNA methylation in 308 twins who completed 2 surveys in 2013 and 2018. Then, the significant cross-lagged associations were validated by adopting the Inference About Causation From Examination of Familial Confounding approach. Finally, to evaluate the cumulative effects of DNA methylation on the progression of hypertension, we established methylation risk scores based on BP-associated CpG sites and performed Markov multistate models.

Results:
16 and 20 CpG sites were validated to be associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively. In the cross-lagged analysis, we detected that methylation of 2 CpG sites could predict subsequent systolic BP, and systolic BP predicted methylation at another 3 CpG sites. For diastolic BP, methylation at 3 CpG sites had significant cross-lagged effects for predicting diastolic BP levels, while the prediction from the opposite direction was observed at one site. Among these, 3 associations were validated in the Inference About Causation From Examination of Familial Confounding analysis. Using the Markov multistate model, we observed that methylation risk scores were associated with the development of hypertension.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest the significance of DNA methylation in the development of hypertension.
Association of Number of Live Births With Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Structural Changes
Authors: Harris Elizabeth , Mauricio Rina , Ayers Colby , Garg Sonia , Khera Amit , de Lemos James A. , Sanghavi Monika 
Published: November 2022

Background
Pregnancy is a major life event unique to women and leads to significant hemodynamic, hormonal, and metabolic changes. The purpose of this study was to use the DHS (Dallas Heart Study), a multiethnic population‐based cohort study of Dallas county adults, to evaluate the association between number of live births and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and ECG parameters later in life.

Methods and Results

Women were included if they had data on self‐reported live births and ECG or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements. The 3014 women were stratified by number of live births: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5. Higher number of live births was associated with larger left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic volume (β, 1.31±0.41;
P
<0.01), LV end‐systolic volume (β, 0.83±0.24;
P
<0.01), and LV mass (β, 1.13±0.49;
P
=0.02) and lower LV ejection fraction (β, −0.004±0.0014;
P
<0.01). Increasing parity was associated with longer PR intervals (β, 1.07±0.38;
P
<0.01). Subgroup analysis by race demonstrated that the association between number of live births and magnetic resonance imaging parameters (LV end‐diastolic volume, LV end‐systolic volume, and LV ejection fraction) only remained significant in Black women (
P
value for interaction <0.05).

Conclusions
Increasing number of live births was associated with electrocardiographic and cardiac structural changes in a multiethnic population. When stratified by race and ethnicity, magnetic resonance imaging structural changes only remained significant in Black participants. Whether these changes are pathologic and increase the risk of heart failure or arrhythmias in multiparous women warrants further investigation.
Association Between Bleeding and New Cancer Detection and the Prognosis in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ahn Youngcheol , Lee Dongjae , Choo Eun Ho , Choi Ik Jun , Lim Sungmin , Lee Kwan Yong , Hwang Byung‐Hee , Park Mahn‐Won , Lee Jong‐Min , Park Chul Soo , Kim Hee‐Yeol , Yoo Ki‐Dong , Jeon Doo Soo , Chung Wook Sung , Kim Min Chul , Jeong Myung Ho , Ahn Youngkeun , Chang Kiyuk 
Published: November 2022

Background
Antithrombotic agents to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction can cause bleeding, which may reveal undiagnosed cancer. However, the relationship between bleeding and new cancer diagnosis and the prognostic impact is still unclear.

Methods and Results
We analyzed the new cancer diagnosis, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding, and all‐cause death of 10 364 patients with acute myocardial infarction without a history of previous cancer in a multicenter acute myocardial infarction registry. During a median of 4.9 years, 1109 patients (10.7%) experienced Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding, and 338 patients (3.3%) were newly diagnosed with cancer. Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding was associated with an increased risk of new cancer diagnosis (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 3.29 [95% CI, 2.50–4.32]). In particular, there were robust associations between gastrointestinal bleeding and new gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis (sHR, 19.96 [95% CI, 11.30–29.94]) and between genitourinary bleeding and new genitourinary cancer diagnosis (sHR, 28.95 [95% CI, 14.69–57.07]). The risk of all‐cause death was not lower in patients diagnosed with new gastrointestinal cancer after gastrointestinal bleeding (hazard ratio [HR], 4.05 [95% CI, 2.04–8.02]) and diagnosed with new genitourinary cancer after genitourinary bleeding (HR, 2.79 [95% CI, 0.81–9.56]) than in patients newly diagnosed with cancer without previous bleeding.

Conclusions
Clinically significant bleeding, especially gastrointestinal and genitourinary bleeding, in patients with AMI was associated with an increased risk of new cancer diagnoses. However, the bleeding preceding new cancer detection was not associated with better survival.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02385682 and NCT02806102.
A Defence of the Concept of the Landowning Class as the Third Class
Authors: Manning F.T.C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although Marx dubbed landowners one of the ‘three great classes’ of modern society, the most prominent Marxian and socialist thinkers of capitalism and land over the past century – from Lefebvre to Massey to Harvey – have implicitly or explicitly argued that landowners are not capitalism’s ‘third class’, and that the social relations of land are marginal or contingent to the mode of production as a whole. Through assessing the work of Marxist geographers, political economists, value-form theorists, and others who have dismissed the class-status of landowners and blurred the line between ground rent and interest, this article argues that the theory of the landowning class is fundamental to the understanding of the totality of capitalist social relations, as well as to developing more incisive analyses of struggles around housing, land, and movement today.
What Is Hellenistic Judaism? An Introduction
Authors: Bloch René , Pearce Sarah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The special issue of JSJ brings together four contributions that were originally presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature in 2020 in a panel dedicated to the question “What is Hellenistic Judaism?” The panel was organized by the steering committee of the SBL Hellenistic Judaism section. In the introduction, the editors compare early approaches to Hellenism (Droysen) with contemporary ones (Chaniotis, the contributions in this issue), and discuss the question when Jewish Hellenism ends.
What Determines Korea’s Health Aid Allocation: Altruistic, Economic, or COVID-19 Motivations?
Authors: Han Songhee , Song Jisun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the disproportionate impact of the global pandemic on developing countries, health aid has become crucial in improving people’s health and well-being more than ever. Reflecting developing countries’ needs, Korea, like other donors, made significant contributions to support the global COVID-19 response. Considering the increased amount and importance of the health sector in Korea’s foreign aid, this article aims to investigate the motivations of Korea’s total bilateral aid and bilateral health aid using panel data of 128 developing countries from 2006 to 2021 with the random-effects panel Tobit model. The time frame was divided into three periods, 2006–2009, 2010–2019 and 2020–2021, to test Korea’s aid determinants pre- and post-pandemic outbreak. No notable changes in Korea’s aid allocation pattern were found before and after the pandemic. Instead, Korea seemed to have mixed motives of donor interest and recipients’ needs in specific periods. However, a priority partner country was consistently identified as an influential factor in Korea’s aid.
Cold-Air Pooling in the Upper Douro Valley: An Observational Study
Authors: Sanderson Michael G. , Teixeira Marta , Graça António 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cold-air pools can have several different impacts on viticulture, including final grape quality and yields. This study focuses on cold pools in the upper Douro Valley, which is one of the most important viticultural regions of northern Portugal. First, digital elevation model data were analyzed to identify pixels corresponding to the valley floors of the Douro and selected side valleys. Next, the topographic amplification factor was calculated for each of these pixels. Down-valley gradients in the topographic amplification factor were used to identify locations where cold air in the valley was likely to pool. High-time-resolution meteorological data recorded between January 2011 and December 2017 were analyzed to identify cold-pool events at one location in the main Douro Valley. The cold pools were assigned to seven different categories on the basis of their temporal behavior. There was a clear seasonal cycle in numbers of cold pools, with most observed during winter and the fewest in summer. The maximum strengths of the cold pools could occur at any time during the night, although the majority peaked around the middle of the night. This study is believed to be the first to examine cold pools in the upper Douro Valley.
Monsoon Depression Amplification by Horizontal Shear and Humidity Gradients: A Shallow Water Perspective
Authors: Suhas D. L. , Boos William R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Transient, synoptic-scale vortices produce a large fraction of total rainfall in most monsoon regions and are often associated with extreme precipitation. However, the mechanism of their amplification remains a topic of active research. For monsoon depressions, which are the most prominent synoptic-scale vortex in the Asian–Australian monsoon, recent work has suggested that meridional gradients in zonal wind in the vortex environment may produce growth through barotropic instability, while meridional gradients in environmental humidity have also been proposed to cause amplification through coupling with precipitating convection. Here, a two-dimensional shallow water model on a sphere with parameterized precipitation is used to examine the relative role played by these two environmental gradients. By systematically varying the meridional moisture gradient and meridional wind shear for both weak, quasi-linear waves and finite-amplitude isolated vortices, we show that rotational winds in the initial vortex are amplified most strongly by meridional shear of the environmental zonal wind, while vortex precipitation rates are most sensitive to environmental moisture gradients. The growth rate in the presence of both gradients is less than the sum of growth rates in the presence of isolated gradients, as the phase relation between moisture and vorticity anomalies becomes distorted with increasing shear. These results suggest that background meridional gradients in both zonal wind and environmental humidity can contribute to the amplification of vortices to monsoon depression strength, but with some degree of decoupling of the dry rotational flow and the moist convection.
Acoustic Sensing of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth and Temperature from Uplooking ADCPs
Authors: Brenner Samuel , Thomson Jim , Rainville Luc , Torres Daniel , Doble Martin , Wilkinson Jeremy , Lee Craig 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Properties of the surface mixed layer (ML) are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere–sea ice–ocean interactions in the changing Arctic Ocean. Mooring measurements are typically unable to resolve the ML in the Arctic due to the need for instruments to remain below the surface to avoid contact with sea ice and icebergs. Here, we use measurements from a series of three moorings installed for one year in the Beaufort Sea to demonstrate that upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) installed on subsurface floats can be used to estimate ML properties. A method is developed for combining measured peaks in acoustic backscatter and inertial shear from the ADCPs to estimate the ML depth. Additionally, we use an inverse sound speed model to infer the summer ML temperature based on offsets in ADCP altimeter distance during open-water periods. The ADCP estimates of ML depth and ML temperature compare favorably with measurements made from mooring temperature sensors, satellite SST, and from an autonomous Seaglider. These methods could be applied to other extant mooring records to recover additional information about ML property changes and variability.
A Forecast Cycle–Based Evaluation for Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Forecasts by the Operational HWRF Model
Authors: Wang Weiguo , Zhu Lin , Liu Bin , Zhang Zhan , Mehra Avichal , Tallapragada Vijay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An evaluation framework for tropical cyclone rapid intensification (RI) forecasts is introduced and applied to evaluate the performance of RI forecasts by the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model. The framework is based on the performance of each 5-day forecast cycle, while the conventional RI evaluation is based on the statistics of successful or false RI forecasts at individual lead times. The framework can be used to compare RI forecasts of different cycles, which helps model developers and forecasters to characterize RI forecasts under different scenarios. It also can provide the evaluation of statistical performance in the context of 5-day forecast cycles. The RI forecast of each cycle is assessed using a modified probability-based approach that takes the absolute errors in intensity changes into account. The overall performance of RI forecasts during a given period is assessed based on the fractions of the individual forecast cycles during which RI events are successfully or falsely predicted. The framework is applied to evaluate the performance of RI forecasts by the HWRF Model for the whole life cycle of a single hurricane, as well as for each of the hurricane seasons from 2009 to 2021. The metric based on the probabilities of detection and false alarm rate of RI is compared with that based on the absolute errors in the intensity and intensity change during RI events.

Significance Statement
An evaluation framework for tropical cyclone rapid intensification (RI) forecasts is introduced, focusing on the performance of RI forecasts in each 5-day forecast cycle. The cycle-based approach can help to characterize RI forecasts under different conditions such as certain synoptic scenarios, initial conditions, or vortex structures. It also can be used to assess the overall performance of RI forecasts in terms of the percentages of individual forecast cycles that successfully or falsely predict RI events.
Initial Laboratory Values Can Predict Mortality in Burn Patients
Authors: Jaber Camaleigh A. , Bryan Francesca E. , Toor Rubinder S. , Quereshi Asma M. , Messer Thomas A. , Schlanser Victoria L. , Tatebe Leah C. , Poulakidas Stathis J. , Bokhari Faran 
Published: November 2022

Background There are several burn scores used to predict mortality in burn patients. However, minimal data exists on the role of laboratory values in risk stratification. We hypothesized that laboratory derangements seen on admission can predict mortality in burn patients. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on burn patients admitted to a busy Level 1 Trauma and Burn Center from 2013 to 2019. Data analysis included patients with partial or full thickness burns and a total body surface area (TBSA) burn greater than 15%. Exclusion criteria included patients presenting with electrical burns, non-thermal conditions (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, or soft tissue infections) or patients with significant polytrauma. Results 112 patients were included in the analysis. Admission phosphate, creatinine, albumin, and glucose levels were associated with mortality. There was a difference in serum phosphate (3.48 and 6.04 mg/dL), creatinine (0.85 and 1.13 mg/dL), albumin (3.26 and 2.3 mg/dL), and glucose (138 and 233 mmol/L) levels for survivors and non-survivors; respectively. There were increased mortality rates seen in patients presenting with abnormal serum levels compared to normal serum levels (Phosphate: 7.5% vs. 53.3%, creatinine: 13.5% vs. 38.9%, albumin: 38.5% vs. 8.10% and glucose: 10.1% vs. 31.6% (normal vs. abnormal; respectively)). Serum sodium, potassium, and hemoglobin levels had no association with mortality. Discussion Specific laboratory derangements seen on admission are associated with an increased risk for mortality. This can be used as a framework for future studies in risk stratification of burn victims.
The control of the policy advice industry: how patrons defer their decision-rights to think tank boards
Authors: Perez Marybel , Agafonow Alejandro 
Published: November 2022

Patrons of think tanks—for example, governments, corporations, philanthropists, NGOs, and so forth—may control think tanks’ boards, that is, their highest decision-making body. Whether patrons are likely to control boards is a question that remains under-explored and under-theorised in public administration and governance scholarship. It is posited that patrons are likely to control boards when the marginal benefit of partaking in decision-making does not exceed the cost of information transfer. The comparative examination of International Relations think tanks’ statutes shows that patron control is substantial. However, patronage does not always guarantee board control. Patron control is moderated by the nature of the transaction. The conclusion assesses patron control concerning decision-making processes in the think tank and the idiosyncratic character of policy advice. Points for practitioners Practitioners can assess events of goal displacement in think tanks by learning about mechanisms that facilitate or hinder patron control over think tanks. Laying out the conditions under which patrons exercise control, the latter turns out to be substantial despite not all patrons having control over think tank boards. Patron control is shown to depend on the position of stakeholders in the decision-making chain and the nonlinear relation between effort and influence in policy advice.