bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pure and Indistinguishable Single‐Photon Source at Telecommunication Wavelength
Authors: Da Lio Beatrice , Faurby Carlos , Zhou Xiaoyan , Chan Ming Lai , Uppu Ravitej , Thyrrestrup Henri , Scholz Sven , Wieck Andreas D. , Ludwig Arne , Lodahl Peter , Midolo Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn‐demand single‐photon sources emitting pure and indistinguishable photons at the telecommunication wavelength are critical assets toward the deployment of fiber‐based quantum networks. Indeed, single photons may serve as flying qubits, allowing communication of quantum information over long distances. Self‐assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs constitute an excellent nearly deterministic source of high‐quality single photons, but the vast majority of sources operate in the 900–950 nm wavelength range, precluding their adoption in a quantum network. A quantum frequency conversion scheme is presented here for converting single photons from quantum dots to the telecommunication C band, around 1550 nm, achieving 40.8% end‐to‐end efficiency, while maintaining both high purity and a high degree of indistinguishability during conversion with measured values of and , respectively.
Longitudinal associations between stress and sleep disturbances during COVID‐19
Authors: Ballesio Andrea , Zagaria Andrea , Musetti Alessandro , Lenzo Vittorio , Palagini Laura , Quattropani Maria Catena , Vegni Elena , Bonazza Federica , Filosa Maria , Manari Tommaso , Freda Maria Francesca , Saita Emanuela , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Plazzi Giuseppe , Lombardo Caterina , Franceschini Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe psychological consequences of COVID‐19 pandemic may include the activation of stress systems, that involve the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis which influences many physiological functions, including sleep. Despite epidemiological studies evidenced greater prevalence of stress symptoms and sleep disturbances during COVID‐19, longitudinal evidence investigating the effects of stress on sleep disturbances during the pandemic is lacking. We collected measures of perceived stress and sleep disturbances during the first wave of COVID‐19 (March 2020) and at 8–10 months follow up in a sample of 648 adults (M = 33.52, SD = 12.98 years). Results showed that 39.4% of participants reported moderate to extremely severe stress in March 2020. Prevalence of sleep disturbances was 54.8% in March 2020 and 57.4% at follow‐up. Structural equation modelling highlighted that perceived stress in March 2020 significantly predicted sleep disturbances at follow up (β = 0.203; p < 0.001), even after controlling for baseline sleep disturbances. Results remained significant even after controlling for the effects of covariates including age, sex, depression and anxiety symptoms, and referring to psychological services (β = 0.179; p < 0.05). Findings confirm the high prevalence of stress symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic and provide first longitudinal evidence for the effects of perceived stress on sleep disturbances during the pandemic.
A Highly Efficient Sulfur Host Enabled by Nitrogen/Oxygen Dual‐Doped Honeycomb‐Like Carbon for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zou Kunyang , Jing Weitao , Dai Xin , Chen Xinxing , Shi Ming , Yao Zhiyin , Zhu Ting , Sun Junjie , Chen Yuanzhen , Liu Yan , Liu Yongning 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh energy density and long cycle life of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from the shuttle/expansion effect. Sufficient sulfur storage space, local fixation of polysulfides, and outstanding electrical conductivity are crucial for a robust cathode host. Herein, a modified template method is proposed to synthesize a highly regular and uniform nitrogen/oxygen dual‐doped honeycomb‐like carbon as sulfur host (N/O‐HC‐S). The unique structure not only offers physical entrapment for polysulfides (LiPSs) but also provides chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion sites of polysulfides. In addition, this structure offers enough space for loading sulfur, and a regular space of nanometer size can effectively prevent sulfur particles from accumulating. As expected, the as‐prepared N/O‐HC900‐S with high areal sulfur loading (7.4 mg cm−2) shows a high areal specific capacity of 7.35 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C. Theoretical calculations also reveal that the strong chemical immobilization and catalytic conversion of LiPSs attributed to the spin density and charge distribution of carbon atoms will be influenced by the neighbor nitrogen/oxygen dopants. This structure that provides cooperative chemical adsorption, high lithium ions flux, and catalytic conversion for LiPSs can offer a new strategy for constructing a polysulfide confinement structure to achieve robust Li–S batteries.
A Versatile Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Circulating MicroRNA toward Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Meng Fanyu , Yu Wenjun , Chen Changqiang , Guo Susu , Tian Xiaoting , Miao Yayou , Ma Lifang , Zhang Xiao , Yu Yongchun , Huang Lin , Qian Kun , Wang Jiayi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCirculating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as noninvasive biomarkers and are also found circulating in body fluids such as blood. Dysregulated miRNA expression is associated with many diseases, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the miRNA assay is helpful in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. In this work, a versatile electrochemical biosensing system is developed for miRNA detection by DNAzyme‐cleavage cycling amplification and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification. With cleavage by Mn2+ targeted DNAzyme, DNA‐walker can move along the predesigned DNA tracks and contribute to the transduction and enhancement of signals. For the electrochemical process, the formation of multiple G‐quadruplex‐incorporated long double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA/G‐quadruplex) structures is triggered through HCR amplification. The introduction of G‐quadruplex allows sensitive measurement of miRNA down to 5.68 fM with good specificity. Furthermore, by profiling miRNA in the NSCLC cohort, this designed strategy shows high efficiency (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.879 using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis) with the sensitivity of 80.0% for NSCLC early diagnosis (stage I). For the discrimination of NSCLC and benign disease, the assay displays an AUC of 0.907, superior to six clinically‐acceptable protein tumor markers. Therefore, this platform holds promise in clinical application toward NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis.
Game‐based learning has good chemistry with chemistry education: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Gallagher Timothy , Wouters Pieter , van der Schaaf Marieke , Kester Liesbeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGame‐based learning (GBL) may address the unique characteristics of a single subject such as chemistry. Previous systematic reviews on the effects of GBL have yielded contradictory results concerning cognitive and motivational outcomes. This meta‐analysis aims to: (a) estimate the overall effect size of GBL in chemistry education on cognitive, motivational, and emotional outcomes compared with non‐GBL (i.e., media comparison); (b) examine possible moderators of the effects; and (c) identify the more effective game design and instructional design features (i.e., value‐added comparison). We screened 842 articles and included 34 studies. This study is the first GBL meta‐analysis that employed a three‐level random‐effects model for the overall effects. Moderator analysis used a mixed‐effects meta‐regression model. Results from the media comparison suggest chemistry GBL was more effective for cognition (g = 0.70, k = 30, N = 4155), retention (g = 0.59, k = 20, N = 2860), and motivation (g = 0.35, k = 7, N = 974) than non‐GBL and the substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 86%) for cognitive outcomes. No study reported emotional outcomes, and studies considering value‐added comparisons of GBL with versus without specific design features (k = 3) were too few to perform a meta‐analysis. Moderator analyses implied that except for publication source and sample size, no other moderator was related to effect sizes. There may be the small‐study effects, particularly publication bias. Although we conclude that GBL enhances chemistry learning more than non‐GBL, the results also make clear that additional high‐quality value‐added research is needed to identify design guidelines that may further improve chemistry GBL. More GBL meta‐analyses on subjects other than chemistry are also needed. As the first GBL meta‐analysis that emphasizes emotion, we call for more research on emotion and on relationships between cognition, motivation, and emotion in GBL.
Magnetoelastic nonlinear free vibration of an annular plate under a nonuniform magnetic field of the long straight current‐carrying wire
Authors: Xu Haoran , Hu Yuda , Hao Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, the magnetoelastic nonlinear free vibration of a thin conductive annular plate under the nonuniform toroidal magnetic field is investigated, where the magnetic field is generated by a long straight current‐carrying wire. Based on electromagnetic theory, expressions of the nonuniform magnetic field, electromagnetic forces are deduced. The nonlinear free vibration equation of plate is derived by using the Hamilton principle. Considering different boundary conditions, the axisymmetric vibration differential equation is achieved by the Galerkin method. The method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the second‐order approximate analytical solutions and natural frequency. In numerical calculation, the characteristics of nonlinear natural vibration and singular points varying with different parameters, for example, current intensity and plate size, are presented, respectively. The results indicate that, with the increase of current, natural frequency increases and then stabilizes in the inner‐clamped and out‐free (C‐F) boundary, but decreases and stabilizes in the cases of the inner‐clamped and out‐clamped (C‐C) boundary or inner‐simply and out‐simply (S‐S) boundary. Moreover, when wire current is off, natural frequency maintains a constant, where the equilibrium solution of the system is a center. In addition, for all boundary conditions, natural frequency increases significantly with increase of internal radius and thickness, but decreases with the increase of outer radius.
Hard Problem and Free Will: An Information-Theoretical Approach
Authors: D’Ariano Giacomo Mauro , Faggin Federico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe explore definite theoretical assertions about consciousness, starting from a non-reductive psycho-informational solution of David Chalmers's hard problem, based on the hypothesis that a fundamental property of “information" is its experience by the supporting “system". The kind of information involved in consciousness needs to be quantum for multiple reasons, including its intrinsic privacy and its power of building up thoughts by entangling qualia states. As a result we reach a quantum-information-based panpsychism, with classical physics supervening on quantum physics, quantum physics supervening on quantum information, and quantum information supervening on consciousness.
Einführung
Authors: Lütters Stefanie 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungPolitische Gleichheit ist der moralische Grundpfeiler demokratischer Regierungen. Alle Staatsbürgerinnen und Staatsbürger sind verfassungsmäßig mit den gleichen Teilhaberechten ausgestattet und sollen in der politischen Arena als politisch Gleiche behandelt werden. Dieses Ideal repräsentativer Demokratien steht jedoch vermehrt auf dem Prüfstand, wobei einige Diagnosen über den Zustand westlicher Demokratien überaus alarmierend ausfallen.
Daten und Methoden
Authors: Lütters Stefanie 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf der Konzeptualisierung sozialer Netzwerke als Bindeglied einer statusabhängigen Partizipation wurden im vorherigen Kapitel Hypothesen um die soziale und politische Einbindung abgeleitet. Zur statistischen Überprüfung dieser Annahmen werden nun Daten benötigt, die die zentralen Konstrukte angemessen abbilden. Bislang existieren jedoch kaum kleinräumige Erhebungen, die sämtliche spezifizierten Forschungsbestandteile einbinden, wobei insbesondere informelle Netzwerkstrukturen häufig nur unzureichend behandelt werden. Da bereits vorhandene Daten insgesamt als unvollständig oder zu ungenau für eine sekundärstatistische Untersuchung bewertet werden, wird im Folgenden eine Primärerhebung angestrebt. Infolgedessen widmet sich dieses Kapitel der Darlegung des empirischen Forschungsdesigns, welches die Auswahl der Untersuchungseinheiten sowie deren Begründung, die Methode der Datenerhebung und die Entwicklung des Messinstrumentes umfasst. Geschlossen wird dieser Teil mit praktischen Informationen, der Feldphase und einem Überblick über zentrale datenanalytische Aspekte.
Constraints on relic magnetic black holes
Authors: Diamond Melissa D. , Kaplan David E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present current direct and astrophysical limits on the cosmological abundance of black holes with extremal magnetic charge. Such black holes do not Hawking radiate, allowing those normally too light to survive to the present to do so. The dominant constraints come from white dwarf destruction for low and intermediate masses (2 × 10−5 g – 4 × 1012 g) and Galactic gas cloud heating for heavier masses (> 4 × 1012 g). Extremal magnetic black holes may catalyze proton decay. We derive robust limits — independent of the catalysis cross section — from the effect this has on white dwarfs. We discuss other bounds from neutron star heating, solar neutrino production, binary formation and annihilation into gamma-rays, and magnetic field destruction. Stable magnetically charged black holes can assist in the formation of neutron star mass black holes.
Molecular insights into the pathophysiology of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: a graphical representation
Authors: Sangweni Nonhlakanipho F. , Gabuza Kwazi , Huisamen Barbara , Mabasa Lawrence , van Vuuren Derick , Johnson Rabia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA breakthrough in oncology research was the discovery of doxorubicin (Dox) in the 1960’s. Unlike other chemotherapy drugs, Dox was determined to have a greater therapeutic index. Since its discovery, Dox has, in part, contributed to the 5–10-year survival increase in cancer patient outcomes. Unfortunately, despite its efficacy, both in adult and pediatric cancers, the clinical significance of Dox is tainted by its adverse side effects, which usually manifest as cardiotoxicity. The issue stems from Dox’s lack of specificity which prevents it from accurately distinguishing between cancer cells and healthy cell lines, like cardiomyocytes. In addition, the high binding affinity of Dox to topoisomerases, which are abundantly found in cancer and cardiac cells in different isoforms, potentiates DNA damage. In both cell lines, Dox induces cytotoxicity by stimulating the production of pro-oxidants whilst inhibiting antioxidant enzymatic activity. Given that the cardiac muscle has an inherently low antioxidant capacity makes it susceptible to oxidative damage thereby, allowing the accumulation of Dox within the myocardium. Subsequently, Dox drives the activation of cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis by triggering numerous cellular responses that have been implicated in diseases. To date, the exact mechanism by which Dox induces the cardiotoxicity remains an aspect of much interest in cardio-oncology research. Hence, the current review summarizes the proposed mechanisms that are associated with the onset and progression of DIC.
A single oral dose of citalopram increases interoceptive insight in healthy volunteers
Authors: Livermore James J. A. , Holmes Clare L. , Moga Gyorgy , Adamatzky Kristian , Critchley Hugo D. , Garfinkel Sarah N. , Campbell-Meiklejohn Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Rationale
Interoception is the signalling, perception, and interpretation of internal physiological states. Many mental disorders associated with changes of interoception, including depressive and anxiety disorders, are treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, the causative link between SSRIs and interoception is not yet clear.

Objectives
To ascertain the causal effect of acute changes of serotonin levels on cardiac interoception.

Methods
Using a within-participant placebo-controlled design, forty-seven healthy human volunteers (31 female, 16 male) were tested on and off a 20 mg oral dose of the commonly prescribed SSRI, citalopram. Participants made judgements on the synchrony between their heartbeat and auditory tones and then expressed confidence in each judgement. We measured three types of interoceptive cognition.

Results
Citalopram increased cardiac interoceptive insight, measured as correspondence of self-reported confidence to the likelihood that interoceptive judgements were actually correct. This effect was driven by enhanced confidence for correct interoceptive judgements and was independent of measured cardiac and reported subjective effects of the drug.

Conclusions
An acute change of serotonin levels can increase insight into the reliability of inferences made from cardiac interoceptive sensations.
Complement C1q in plasma induces nonspecific binding of poly(acrylic acid)-coated upconverting nanoparticle antibody conjugates
Authors: Kuusinen Saara , Ekman Miikka , Raiko Kirsti , Hannula Heidi , Lyytikäinen Annika , Lahtinen Satu , Soukka Tero 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUpconverting nanoparticles are attractive reporters for immunoassays, because their high specific activity and lack of autofluorescence background enable their detection at extremely low concentrations. However, the sensitivity achieved with heterogeneous sandwich immunoassays using nanoparticle reporters is generally limited by the nonspecific binding of nanoparticle antibody conjugates to solid supports. In this study, we characterized plasma components associated with elevated nonspecific binding of poly(acrylic acid)-coated upconverting nanoparticles in heterogeneous two-step sandwich immunoassays. Plasma was consecutively fractionated using various chromatographic methods by selecting after each step the fractions producing the highest nonspecific binding of upconverting nanoparticle conjugates in an immunoassay for cardiac troponin I. Finally, the proteins in the fractions associated with highest amount of nonspecific binding were separated by gel electrophoresis and identified with mass spectrometry. The results indicated that complement component C1q was present in the fractions associated with the highest signal from nonspecific binding. The interference was not limited to only poly(acrylic acid)-coated nanoparticles or certain antibody combination, but occurred more generally. The interference was removed by increasing the ionic strength of the assay buffer in the sample incubation step or by adding a negatively charged blocker to bind on positively charged C1q, suggesting that the interaction is mostly electrostatic. Hence, we assume that the interference is likely to affect various negatively charged nanoparticles. The identification of complement component C1q as the major interfering protein allows for more rational design of countermeasures in future immunoassay development utilizing nanoparticle reporters.
Graphical abstract
Intestinal microbiota score could predict survival following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Han Lijie , Zhang Haiyan , Ma Ping , Peng Jie , Li Yilu , Wu Jiaying , Li Yuanyuan , Yu Jifeng , Li Wei , Zhang Mengmeng , He Jia bao , Fan Zhiping , Wang Weimin , Sang Li’na , Sun Hui , Liu Qifa , Liu Yang , Jiang Zhongxing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is an important prognostic factor for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but its role in predicting survival has not been determined. Here, stool samples at day 15 ± 1 posttransplant were obtained from 209 patients at two centers. Microbiota was examined using 16S rRNA sequencing. The microbiota diversity and abundance of specific bacteria (including Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae) were assigned a value of 0 or 1 depending on whether they were positive or negative associated with survival, respectively. An accumulated intestinal microbiota (AIM) score was generated, and patients were divided into low- and high-score groups. A low score was associated with a better 3-year cumulative overall survival (OS) as well as lower mortality than a high score (88.5 vs. 43.9% and 7.1 vs. 35.8%, respectively; both P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, a high score was found to be an independent risk factor for OS and transplant-related mortality (hazard ratio = 5.68 and 3.92, respectively; P < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Furthermore, the AIM score could serve as a predictor for survival (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.836, P < 0.001). Therefore, the intestinal microbiota score at neutrophil recovery could predict survival following allo-HSCT.
Interchanging Space and Time in Nonlinear Optics Modeling and Dispersion Management Models
Authors: Fukuizumi Reika , Schneider Guido 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterchanging the role of space and time is widely used in nonlinear optics for modeling the evolution of light pulses in glass fibers. A phenomenological model for the mathematical description of light pulses in glass fibers with a periodic structure in this set-up is the so-called dispersion management equation. It is the purpose of this paper to answer the question whether the dispersion management equation or other modulation equations are more than phenomenological models in this situation. Using Floquet theory we prove that in case of comparable wave lengths of the light and of the fiber periodicity the NLS equation and NLS like modulation equations with constant coefficients can be derived and justified through error estimates under the assumption that rather strong stability and non-resonance conditions hold. This is the first NLS approximation result documented for time-periodic dispersive systems. We explain that the failure of these conditions allows us to prove that these modulation equations in general make wrong predictions. The reasons for this failure and the behavior of the system for a fiber periodicity much larger than the wave length of light shows that interchanging the role of space and time for glass fibers with a periodic structure leads to unwanted phenomena.
Compensation of aberrations in holographic microscopes: main strategies and applications
Authors: Sirico Daniele Gaetano , Miccio Lisa , Wang Zhe , Memmolo Pasquale , Xiao Wen , Che Leiping , Xin Lu , Pan Feng , Ferraro Pietro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDigital holography is a technique that provides a non-invasive, label-free, quantitative, and high-resolution imaging employable in biological and science of matter fields, but not only. In the last decade, digital holography (DH) has undergone very significant signs of progress that made it one of the most powerful metrology tools. However, one of the most important issues to be afforded and solved for obtaining quantitative phase information about the analyzed specimen is related to phase aberrations. Sources of aberrations can be diverse, and several strategies have been developed and tested to make DH a reliable optical system with submicron resolution. This paper reviews the most effective and robust methods to remove or compensate phase aberrations in retrieved quantitative phase imaging by DH. Different strategies are presented and discussed in detail on how to remove or compensate for such disturbing aberrations. Among the various methods improvements in the optical setups are considered the numerical algorithms, the hybrid methods, and the very recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches to compensate for all aberrations which affect the setups to improve the imaging quality and the accuracy of the reconstruction images’ procedures.