bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between autism spectrum and sleep–wake traits
Authors: Elkhatib Smidt Stacey D. , Ghorai Arpita , Taylor Sara C. , Gehringer Brielle N. , Dow Holly C. , Langer Allison , Rawot Eric , Zhang Jing , Mitchell Jonathan A. , Rader Daniel J. , Almasy Laura , Brodkin Edward S. , Bućan Maja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAutistic children and adults often have sleep disturbances, which may affect their and their family's quality of life. Yet, the relationship between sleep–wake patterns and autism spectrum traits is understudied. Identifying such relationships could lead to future research elucidating common mechanistic underpinnings. Thus, we aimed to determine whether sleep–wake patterns, specifically related to sleep, physical activity, and the daily sleep–wake rhythm (i.e., circadian rhythm), are associated with autism spectrum‐related traits. Accelerometer‐derived sleep–wake parameters were estimated in individuals with autistic spectrum traits and their family members (N = 267). We evaluated autism spectrum traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to assess the presence and severity of social impairment and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to assess executive function. The linear multivariate regression analysis (using SOLAR‐Eclipse) showed that in adults, increased core autism spectrum traits and executive dysfunction were associated with disruption of several sleep–wake parameters, particularly related to the daily sleep–wake rhythm, and that executive dysfunction was associated with disrupted sleep quality and level of physical activity. We highlight the interplay between daytime function and disrupted sleep–wake patterns, specifically related to the daily sleep–wake rhythm, that could guide future research into common mechanisms.Lay SummaryAutistic children and adults often report sleep disturbances. To dissect the relationship between a range of autism spectrum traits and sleep–wake patterns, we assessed social interaction and executive function in participants who also wore actimetry watches on their wrists to assess their sleep–wake patterns. We found that increased impairments in social and executive function occurred with increased sleep–wake disturbances, particularly those related to the circadian rhythm, suggesting that these perturbations/disruptions in the sleep–wake cycle could be connected to autism spectrum traits.
Rare variants in the outcome of social skills group training for autism
Authors: Li Danyang , Choque Olsson Nora , Becker Martin , Arora Abishek , Jiao Hong , Norgren Nina , Jonsson Ulf , Bölte Sven , Tammimies Kristiina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExome sequencing has been proposed as the first‐tier genetic testing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we performed exome sequencing in autistic individuals with average to high intellectual abilities (N = 207) to identify molecular diagnoses and genetic modifiers of intervention outcomes of social skills group training (SSGT) or standard care. We prioritized variants of clinical significance (VCS), variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and generated a pilot scheme to calculate genetic scores of rare and common variants in ASD‐related gene pathways. Mixed linear models were used to test the association between the carrier status of VCS/VUS or the genetic scores with intervention outcomes measured by the social responsiveness scale. Additionally, we combined behavioral and genetic features using a machine learning (ML) model to predict the individual response. We showed a rate of 4.4% and 11.3% of VCS and VUS in the cohort, respectively. Individuals with VCS or VUS had improved significantly less after standard care than non‐carriers at post‐intervention (β = 9.35; p = 0.036), while no such association was observed for SSGT (β = −2.50; p = 0.65). Higher rare variant genetic scores for synaptic transmission and regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II were separately associated with less beneficial (β = 8.30, p = 0.0044) or more beneficial (β = −6.79, p = 0.014) effects after SSGT compared with standard care at follow‐up, respectively. Our ML model showed the importance of rare variants for outcome prediction. Further studies are needed to understand genetic predisposition to intervention outcomes in ASD.
The flagellar germ‐line hypothesis: How flagellate and ciliate gametes significantly shaped the evolution of organismal complexity
Authors: Lindemann Charles B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay presents a hypothesis which contends that the development of organismic complexity in the eukaryotes depended extensively on propagation via flagellated and ciliated gametes. Organisms utilizing flagellate and ciliate gametes to propagate their germ line have contributed most of the organismic complexity found in the higher animals. The genes of the flagellum and the flagellar assembly system (intraflagellar transport) have played a disproportionately important role in the construction of complex tissues and organs. The hypothesis also proposes that competition between large numbers of haploid flagellated male gametes rigorously conserved the functionality of a key set of flagellar genes for more than 700 million years. This in turn has insured that a large set (>600) of highly functional cytoskeletal and signal pathway genes is always present in the lineage of organisms with flagellated or ciliated gametes to act as a dependable resource, or “toolkit,” for organ elaboration. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/lC5nC-WOcm8
Altered brain activity in end‐stage knee osteoarthritis revealed by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kang Bing‐Xin , Ma Jie , Shen Jun , Xu Hui , Wang Hai‐Qi , Zhao Chi , Xie Jun , Zhong Sheng , Gao Chen‐Xin , Xu Xi‐Rui , A Xin‐Yu , Gu Xiao‐Li , Xiao Lianbo , Xu Jianguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized by a degenerative change of knee cartilage and secondary bone hyperplasia, resulting in pain, stiffness, and abnormal walking gait. Long‐term chronic pain causes considerable cortical plasticity alternations in patients. However, the brain structural and functional alterations associated with the pathological changes in knee joints of end‐stage KOA patients remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the structural and functional connectivity alterations in end‐stage KOA to comprehensively understand the main brain‐associated mechanisms underlying its development and progression.MethodsIn this study, 37 patients with KOA and 37 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Alternations in gray matter (GM) volume in patients with KOA were determined using voxel‐based morphometry. The region with the largest GM volume alteration was selected as the region of interest to calculate the voxel‐wise resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) in the two groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between clinical measures and GM volume alternations in patients with KOA.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with KOAs exhibited significantly decreased GM volumes in the left middle temporal gyrus (left‐MTG) and the left inferior temporal gyrus. Results of the voxel‐wise rs‐FC analysis revealed that compared with HCs, patients with KOA had decreased left‐MTG rs‐FC to the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left medial superior frontal gyrus. GM volume in the left‐MTG was negatively correlated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index in patients with KOA (r = −0.393, p = .016).ConclusionStructural remodeling and functional connectivity alterations may be one of the central brain mechanisms associated with end‐stage KOA.
Development, application, and evaluation of an online competitive simulation game for teaching electricity markets
Authors: Giraldo Juan S. , Kok Koen , Paterakis Nikolaos G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe decline of fresh‐enrolled students and the increase in the number of dropouts in electrical engineering schools might be related to motivation, engagement and differences in learning preferences. This paper provides a detailed description of the development, application, and evaluation of an online, asynchronous simulation game to teach electricity markets concepts named EMGA. The EMGA aims to introduce students to the short‐term electricity market structure, highlighting the importance of forecasting tools for decision‐making. The EMGA has been deployed in a Master's course with 27 students. The learning effectiveness was assessed with a survey at the end of the exercise. Questions aiming at experience generation, conceptual understanding, skills development and affective evaluation were enquired. Positive results towards experience generation, conceptual understanding and affective evaluation were obtained. Students felt optimistic about the platform's potential. The main complaints from students were their lack of programming experience and the allocated time for the exercise during the course. Results from this small test, along with previously obtained results, are encouraging and might be of potential use for further developing the EMGA and student's experience.
Bioresorbable magnesium scaffold in the treatment of simple coronary bifurcation lesions: The BIFSORB pilot II study
Authors: Barkholt Trine Ø. , Neghabat Omeed , Holck Emil N. , Andreasen Lene N. , Christiansen Evald H. , Holm Niels R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility, safety, and healing response of a magnesium‐based bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) in the treatment of simple bifurcation lesions using the single stent provisional technique.BackgroundBRS may hold potential advantages in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions, however low radial strength and expansion capacity has been an issue with polymer‐based scaffolds. The magnesium BRS may prove suitable for bifurcation treatment as its mechanical properties are closer to those of permanent metallic drug‐eluting stents.MethodsThe study was a proof‐of‐concept study with planned inclusion of 20 patients with stable angina pectoris and a bifurcation lesion involving a large side branch (SB) > 2.5 mm with less than 50% diameter stenosis. Procedure and healing response were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The main endpoints were a composite clinical safety endpoint and an OCT healing index at 1 month (range: 0–98).ResultsEleven patients were included in the study. The study was prematurely terminated due to scaffold fractures and embolization of scaffold fragments in three cases requiring bailout stenting with drug‐eluting stents. One patient underwent bypass surgery at 3 months due to stenosis proximal to the study segment. All SB were patent for 1 month. One‐month OCT evaluation showed strut coverage of 96.9% and no malapposition. Scaffold fractures and uncovered jailing struts resulted in a less favorable mean OCT healing index score of 10.4 ± 9.0.ConclusionsImplanting a magnesium scaffold by the provisional technique in nontrue bifurcation lesions was associated with scaffold fracture, embolization of scaffold fragments, and a high need for bailout stenting.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the management of nonculprit lesions in patients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: Outcomes from the pan‐London heart attack centers
Authors: Demir Ozan M. , Little Callum D. , Jabbour Richard , Rahman Haseeb , Sayers Max , Ahmed Asrar , Connolly Michelle J. , Kanyal Ritesh , MacCarthy Philip , Wilson Simon J. , Dalby Miles , Jain Ajay , Malik Iqbal , Rakhit Roby , Perera Divaka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of COVID‐19 on the diagnosis and management of nonculprit lesions remains unclear.ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with nonculprit lesions during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational analysis of consecutive primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway activations across the heart attack center network in London, UK. Data from the study period in 2020 were compared with prepandemic data in 2019. The primary outcome was the rate of nonculprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events.ResultsA total of 788 patients undergoing PPCI were identified, 209 (60%) in 2020 cohort and 263 (60%) in 2019 cohort had nonculprit lesions (p = .89). There was less functional assessment of the significance of nonculprit lesions in the 2020 cohort compared to 2019 cohort; in 8% 2020 cohort versus 15% 2019 cohort (p = .01). There was no difference in rates of PCI for nonculprit disease in the 2019 and 2020 cohorts (31% vs 30%, p = .11). Patients in 2020 cohort underwent nonculprit lesion PCI sooner than the 2019 cohort (p < .001). At 6 months there was higher rates of unplanned revascularization (4% vs. 2%, p = .05) and repeat myocardial infarction (4% vs. 1%, p = .02) in the 2019 cohort compared to 2020 cohort.ConclusionChanges to clinical practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with reduced rates of unplanned revascularization and myocardial infarction at 6‐months follow‐up, and despite the pandemic, there was no difference in mortality, suggesting that it is not only safe but maybe more efficacious.
Pertraction of Vanadium(V) from Dilute Acidic Media by an Emulsion Liquid Membrane Containing a Commercial Extractant
Authors: Nabavinia Mahbooneh , Kargari Ali , Soleimani Mansooreh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmulsion liquid membrane (ELM) pertraction of VV ions from dilute acidic solution by using a mixture of di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and mono(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (M2EHPA) was studied. First, solvent extraction of VV from an aqueous medium was performed, and the optimum feed pH and extractant concentration were obtained. Tributyl phosphate was used as modifier to increase membrane stability and decrease membrane swelling. The effects of diluent type, extractant concentration of the emulsifier concentration, stripping reagent concentration (sulfuric acid), organic phase/stripping phase volume ratio, emulsification time and speed, feed initial pH, agitation speed, temperature, and contact time on VV extraction efficiency and ELM stability were considered.
Rh‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aldehydes with Allylboronates Enables Facile Access to Ketones
Authors: Zhang Kezhuo , Huang Jiaxin , Zhao Wanxiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present herein a novel strategy for the preparation of ketones from aldehydes and allylic boronic esters. This reaction involves the allylation of aldehydes with allylic boronic esters and the Rh‐catalyzed chain‐walking of homoallylic alcohols. The key to this successful development is the protodeboronation of alkenyl borylether intermediate via a tetravalent borate anion species in the presence of KHF2 and MeOH. This approach features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies also supported that the tandem allylation and chain‐walking process were involved.
Electrostatic Perturbations in the Substrate‐Binding Pocket of Taurine/α‐Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase Determine its Selectivity
Authors: Ali Hafiz Saqib , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTaurine/α‐ketoglutarate dioxygenase is an important enzyme that takes part in the cysteine catabolism process in the human body and selectively hydroxylates taurine at the C1‐position. Recent computational studies showed that in the gas‐phase the C2−H bond of taurine is substantially weaker than the C1−H bond, yet no evidence exists of 2‐hydroxytaurine products. To this end, a detailed computational study on the selectivity patterns in TauD was performed. The calculations show that the second‐coordination sphere and the protonation states of residues play a major role in guiding the enzyme to the right selectivity. Specifically, a single proton on an active site histidine residue can change the regioselectivity of the reaction through its electrostatic perturbations in the active site and effectively changes the C1−H and C2−H bond strengths of taurine. This is further emphasized by many polar and hydrogen bonding interactions of the protein cage in TauD with the substrate and the oxidant that weaken the pro‐R C1−H bond and triggers a chemoselective reaction process. The large cluster models reproduce the experimental free energy of activation excellently.
Li5SnP3 – a Member of the Series Li10+4xSn2−xP6 for x=0 Comprising the Fast Lithium‐Ion Conductors Li8SnP4 (x=0.5) and Li14SnP6 (x=1)
Authors: Strangmüller Stefan , Müller David , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Kirchhain Holger , van Wüllen Leo , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe targeted search for suitable solid‐state ionic conductors requires a certain understanding of the conduction mechanism and the correlation of the structures and the resulting properties of the material. Thus, the investigation of various ionic conductors with respect to their structural composition is crucial for the design of next‐generation materials as demanded. We report here on Li5SnP3 which completes with x=0 the series Li10+4xSn2−xP6 of the fast lithium‐ion conductors α‐ and β‐Li8SnP4 (x=0.5) and Li14SnP6 (x=1). Synthesis, crystal structure determination by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction methods, as well as 6Li, 31P and 119Sn MAS NMR and temperature‐dependent 7Li NMR spectroscopy together with electrochemical impedance studies are reported. The correlation between the ionic conductivity and the occupation of octahedral and tetrahedral sites in a close‐packed array of P atoms in the series of compounds is discussed. We conclude from this series that in order to receive fast ion conductors a partial occupation of the octahedral vacancies seems to be crucial.
Gene pyramiding combinations confer resistance of Asian soybean rust
Authors: Meira Daniela , Panho Maiara Cecilia , Beche Eduardo , Woyann Leomar Guilherme , Madella Laura Alexandra , Milioli Anderson Simionato , Colonelli Lucas Leite , Malone Gaspar , Brito Salvador Lima , Benin Giovani 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPyramiding Rpp genes is a promising strategy to achieve a more durable resistance against Asian soybean rust (ASR). The objective of this study was to develop Rpp‐pyramided populations and evaluate their resistance and yield in field conditions. Fifteen pyramided populations carrying different combinations of Rpp genes were developed, and the F3 lines were evaluated to phenotypic resistance and yield performance. Our results suggest that the Rpp1‐b of different resistant sources (PI 587880A, PI 594723, PI 4538A) have higher resistance and yield performance compared with other Rpp genes. Rpp‐pyramided populations carrying two and three genes showed an increase in resistance compared with populations carrying a single Rpp gene. The best gene combinations were Rpp1‐b + Rpp5, showing neither uredinia formation nor sporulation (immunity + RB1 phenotype reaction) in more than 70% of the F3 population. Rpp‐pyramided lines developed in this study have the potential to be used in backcross programs for improving ASR resistance.
Stochasticity of individual competition and local matchup inequality for saplings in a niche‐structured forest
Authors: Hoshizaki Kazuhiko , Takahashi Satoshi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Oki Shinji , Matsushita Michinari 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEcologists have recently accepted the notion that species coexistence involves both niche and neutral processes, but few studies have explained how both of these opposite views can explain coexistence in the same community. Here we focus on competition among sessile organisms and explored first the extent to which species‐based niche reflects local “matchups” between nearby individuals, using 726 saplings of 10 temperate tree species, and second the members engaging in the matchups, which have rarely been quantified despite the importance in mixed‐species forests. Growth responses to light showed considerable species‐level differences, suggesting commonly seen regeneration niches. Outcomes of the individual matchups were basically predictable from the species mean response, but also with substantial contribution of within‐species variation. We found strong imbalance in matchup frequencies, such that some individuals meet more individuals of differing species but others meet fewer, as well as many isolated, competition‐free ones. The niche and neutral processes appear to reflect, respectively, between‐ and within‐species differences, and our findings suggest that even when niche segregation is discernible, the role of stochasticity for the frequency of local competition, as well as its outcomes, cannot be discounted in species coexistence.
Do trade‐offs govern plant species’ responses to different global change treatments?
Authors: Langley J. Adam , Grman Emily , Wilcox Kevin R. , Avolio Meghan L. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Collins Scott L. , Koerner Sally E. , Smith Melinda D. , Baldwin Andrew H. , Bowman William , Chiariello Nona , Eskelinen Anu , Harmens Harry , Hovenden Mark , Klanderud Kari , McCulley Rebecca L. , Onipchenko Vladimir G. , Robinson Clare H. , Suding Katharine N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlants are subject to trade‐offs among growth strategies such that adaptations for optimal growth in one condition can preclude optimal growth in another. Thus, we predicted that a plant species that responds positively to one global change treatment would be less likely than average to respond positively to another treatment, particularly for pairs of treatments that favor distinct traits. We examined plant species’ abundances in 39 global change experiments manipulating two or more of the following: CO2, nitrogen, phosphorus, water, temperature, or disturbance. Overall, the directional response of a species to one treatment was 13% more likely than expected to oppose its response to a another single‐factor treatment. This tendency was detectable across the global data set, but held little predictive power for individual treatment combinations or within individual experiments. Although trade‐offs in the ability to respond to different global change treatments exert discernible global effects, other forces obscure their influence in local communities.
Catecholamine‐induced cardiomyopathy improvement after para‐aortic paraganglioma resection: a case report
Authors: Ranjbar Maryam , Amin Ahmad , Totonchi Ziae , Ghaemmaghami Zahra , Jalilian Zahra , Hesami Mahshid , Givtaj Nader , Jadbabaei Amir Nasser , Divanbeigi Iman , Mazloomfard Mohammad Mohsen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare tumours that can cause cardiovascular complications following the secretion of catecholamines. We present a young female presented with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction as a result of norepinephrine secreting para‐aortic paraganglioma and improvement of heart failure sign and symptoms and left ventricular ejection fraction following tumour resection.