bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of birth month on educational attainment and adult cognition in Rural China
Authors: Chen Lijun , Ren Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe association of season of birth with cognitive development, academic performance and educational attainment has been well documented in western countries. However, little research has been conducted in developing countries to examine the seasonality of cognitive achievement. In this study, we analyzed data of a nationally representative sample of over 8500 rural adults born in the 1960s and early 1970s from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies survey. The results of logistic regression models demonstrate a significant association of birth month with educational attainment even with relevant individual and parental information controlled. Specially, we found that rural respondents born in the months of March and April are much less likely to obtain a high school degree than those born late in the year from October to December. The seasonal pattern is also found to significantly affect current cognitive achievements of the respondents even after their educational attainment and family social economic conditions are taken into account. Finally, we discussed the merits of age position theory and fetal origin interpretation as potential mechanisms for the seasonal pattern of education attainment, and suggest that seasonal changes of nutritional intake for pregnant mothers are the most likely cause.
Visualizing Point Density on Geometry Objects: Application in an Urban Area Using Social Media VGI
Authors: Zahtila Moris , Knura Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPoint datasets that relate to highly populated places, such as ones retrieved from social media or volunteered geographic information in general, can often result in dense point clusters when presented on maps. Therefore, it can be useful to visualize the relevant point density information directly on the urban geometry to tackle the problem of point counting and density range identification in highly cluttered areas. One solution is to relate each point to the nearest geometry object. While this is a straightforward approach, its major drawback is that local point clusters could disappear by assigning them to larger objects, e.g., long roads. To address this issue, we introduce two new point density visualization approaches by which points are related to the underlying geometry objects. In this process, we use grid cells and heatmap contour lines to divide roads, squares, and pedestrian zones into subgeometry units. Comparison of our visualization approaches with conventional density visualization methods shows that our approaches provide a more comprehensive insight into the point distribution over space, i.e., over existing urban geometry.
A 3D Lagrangian stochastic particle model for the concentration variance dispersion
Authors: Ferrero Enrico , Alessandrini Stefano , Meech Scott , Rozoff Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new scheme for the concentration variance calculation is assessed using field experiment data. The scheme is introduced in a Lagrangian stochastic particle model. The model provides run-time mean concentrations and concentrations’ variance 3D fields; thus, it does not need any off-line post-processing. The model is tested against the FFT-07 field experiment which involves a series of tracer releases. It is a short-range (500 m) highly instrumented experiment. In this work, measurement of tracer concentrations, emitted from a ground level point source is used to assess the ability of the new model in predicting the mean concentration, concentration variance, and the concentration fluctuation intensity at the ground level with a high spatial resolution. The results of the intercomparison are shown and discussed in terms of statistical plots and indices.
The use of inotropes and not hyperchloremia is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury during the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. A prospective cohort-study
Authors: Hernández-Leiva Edgar , Hernández-Huertas Felipe 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a marker of poor prognostic after cardiac surgery. Recent studies suggest that hyperchloraemia may be significantly associated with the development of this complication. However, there is little information regarding the prevalence of abnormal chloride concentrations after cardiac surgery and its relationship to postoperative AKI. On the other hand, the use of inotropes in postoperative cardiac surgery patients has been associated with several types of adverse outcomes.

Aims:
Determine the relationship between hyperchloraemia and AKI in patients following cardiac surgery and to evaluate whether variables associated with tissue hypoperfusion or the use of inotropes are related to the development of this complication.

Methods:
An observational cohort study was performed at a hospital with a focus on high-complexity cardiovascular patients. We included 464 adult patients who had undergone heart surgery.

Results:
AKI was found in 12.7% of the patients. Additionally, 76% had had hyperchloraemia at least once during the first 48 h after surgery. The highest serum chloride level recorded postoperatively was significantly higher in the patients with AKI. However, when the results were adjusted for covariables, the association was not significant. In the assessment of secondary outcomes, the analysis identified a significant association between AKI and arterial lactate levels on admission to the intensive care unit, but the most notable association was between AKI and the use of inotropes.

Conclusions:
Postoperative hyperchloraemia is common but is not independently associated with AKI. This complication is mainly related to tissue hypoperfusion or the need for postoperative inotrope use.

Graphical abstract

Highlights
Leverage point in high-performance work systems
Authors: Zhai Xiaoxuan , Tian Xiaowen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDrawing on systems theory, this paper aims to search for a leverage point in a high-performance work system (HPWS) wherein a small change of a constituent part significantly enhances the effect of the whole system on organizational performance (OP). Based on meta-analysis of 59,207 firms and establishments from 240 sample studies up to December 2021, the paper examines the effect of HPWS composition, coupled with country of origin and industrial affiliation, on the HPWS–OP relationship. The paper finds that training and development serves as a leverage point to significantly strengthen the synergy of HPWS. However, this leverage point works in advanced countries rather than developing countries, and in service industries rather than manufacturing industries. The finding indicates that a leverage point is not omnipresent, but contingent on country of origin and industrial affiliation. This study has practical implications for managers, highlighting the importance of a leverage point to the HPWS–OP relationship and the contingency nature of the leverage point.
Increasing radiation doses in Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae improve parasitoid mass-rearing attributes
Authors: Cancino Jorge , Ayala Amanda , Ríos Laura , López Patricia , Suárez Lorena , Ovruski Sergio M. , Hendrichs Jorge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDoses of 40, 80, 120, and 160 Gy were applied to 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-day-old Anastrepha obliqua larvae, which were exposed to the Neotropical-native braconids Doryctobracon crawfordi and Utetes anastrephae and the Asian braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. These tests were performed to know the effect of the increase in host radiation on the emergence of the aforementioned parasitoids and the related consequences of oviposition on the host. The study was based on the fact that higher radiation doses may cause a decrease in the host immune activity. There was a direct relationship between the increase in radiation dose and the parasitoid emergence. Both, the weight and the mortality of the host larvae were not affected by radiation. Although the larval weight of the larvae was lower and the mortality was higher in the younger larvae. Both, the number of scars and immature stages per host puparium originated from the younger larvae were lower than those from older larvae. Only U. anastrephae superparasitized more at lower radiation. Superparasitism by D. longicaudata was more frequent at 160 Gy. Qualitative measurements of melanin in the larvae parasitized showed that the levels were lower with increasing radiation. As radiation doses increased, the antagonistic response of the A. obliqua larva was reduced. Host larvae aged 5- and 6-day-old irradiated at 120–160 Gy significantly improve parasitoid emergence. This evidence is relevant for the mass production of the three tested parasitoid species.
Antioxidant depletion during seed storage under ambient conditions
Authors: Stegner Moritz , Wagner Johanna , Roach Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCumulative oxidative damage from the unavoidable formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to seed ageing. Low-molecular-weight (LMW) antioxidants, such as water-soluble glutathione (GSH) and lipid-soluble tocochromanols, can prevent ROS from causing damage, especially when antioxidant enzymes are inactive due to desiccation. However, loss of tocochromanols does not always accompany seed ageing, such as during accelerated ageing or controlled deterioration, despite the presence of oxygen and prevalent loss of GSH. To assess relationships between total germination (TG) and antioxidant changes under storage conditions with practical relevance, commercial seeds of Cucumis sativus, Daucus carota, Helianthus cucumerifolius, Latuca sativa, Lepidium sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Raphinus sativus of the same cultivar were obtained over multiple years and stored under ambient conditions (21.9 ± 2.1°C; 36.8 ± 6.6% relative humidity). Sigmoidal fitting of TG revealed time to when 50% of seeds had lost viability, which ranged from <5 years (D. carota) to >15 years (C. sativus). Cellular redox states were quantified via the half-cell reduction potential of LMW thiol/disulphide couples. These negatively correlated with TG (i.e. cell redox states were more oxidized in lots with lower TG), with an average R2 value of 0.62 for the most abundant thiol (GSH, or γ-glutamyl-cysteine in P. vulgaris). Concentrations of tocochromanols positively correlated with TG, with an average R2 value of 0.50 for the most abundant tocochromanol (γ or α in L. sativa and H. cucumerifolius). Therefore, during viability loss under ambient ageing conditions leading to the cytoplasm having a glassy state, the lipid domain in all species experienced oxidative damage.
Suspect narratives: “Sinifying” an “Indianized” Japanese story
Authors: Van Fleit Krista 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 2013, the Malayalam filmDrishyam, a suspenseful story of the cover up of an accidental murder, became a huge hit in India that inspired remakes in many regional languages including one in Hindi that, as with other recent Bollywood hits, traveled to China. This time, though, instead of screening the Hindi film in theaters, the narrative reached Chinese audiences with a Chinese language remake, titledSheep Without A Shepherd《误杀》. The original film has been accused of lifting its story from a popular Japanese detective novel,The Devotion of Suspect X, which was also made into films in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean. This essay traces the many versions of the narrative to explore how comparing the Indian and Chinese films can recenter our understanding of global cinema and film circulation. When considering the many version ofDrishyam, instead of focusing on tensions between center and periphery, we can examine both the anxieties and the creative power of cultural borrowing and the retelling of narratives in an increasingly inter-connected Asian film market
Climate Change and Weather Extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East
Authors: Zittis G. , Almazroui M. , Alpert P. , Ciais P. , Cramer W. , Dahdal Y. , Fnais M. , Francis D. , Hadjinicolaou P. , Howari F. , Jrrar A. , Kaskaoutis D. G. , Kulmala M. , Lazoglou G. , Mihalopoulos N. , Lin X. , Rudich Y. , Sciare J. , Stenchikov G. , Xoplaki E. , Lelieveld J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObservation‐based and modeling studies have identified the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region as a prominent climate change hotspot. While several initiatives have addressed the impacts of climate change in parts of the EMME, here we present an updated assessment, covering a wide range of timescales, phenomena and future pathways. Our assessment is based on a revised analysis of recent observations and projections and an extensive overview of the recent scientific literature on the causes and effects of regional climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions in the EMME are growing rapidly, surpassing those of the European Union, hence contributing significantly to climate change. Over the past half‐century and especially during recent decades, the EMME has warmed significantly faster than other inhabited regions. At the same time, changes in the hydrological cycle have become evident. The observed recent temperature increase of about 0.45°C per decade is projected to continue, although strong global greenhouse gas emission reductions could moderate this trend. In addition to projected changes in mean climate conditions, we call attention to extreme weather events with potentially disruptive societal impacts. These include the strongly increasing severity and duration of heatwaves, droughts and dust storms, as well as torrential rain events that can trigger flash floods. Our review is complemented by a discussion of atmospheric pollution and land‐use change in the region, including urbanization, desertification and forest fires. Finally, we identify sectors that may be critically affected and formulate adaptation and research recommendations toward greater resilience of the EMME region to climate change.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting SEP Events Using Properties of Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Torres Jesse , Zhao Lulu , Chan Philip K. , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolar energetic particles (SEPs) can cause severe damage to astronauts and their equipment, and can disrupt communications on Earth. A lack of thorough understanding the eruption processes of solar activities and the subsequent acceleration and transport processes of energetic particles makes it difficult to forecast the occurrence of an SEP event and its intensity using conventional modeling with physics‐based parameters. Therefore, in order to provide an advance warning for astronauts to seek shelter in a timely manner, we apply neural networks to forecast the occurrence of SEP events. We use the properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) archived in the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshops catalog based on SOHO Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment observations. We also derive some features based on these properties associated with the CME, and analyze the contribution of each feature to the overall prediction. Our algorithm achieves an average True Skill Statistic of 0.906, an average F1 score of 0.246, an average probability of detection of 0.920, and an average false alarm rate of 0.882. An analysis of the features shows that sunspot number and a feature based on Type II radio bursts contribute the most, but when grouped together, CME speed‐related features are the most important features.
A New Organization Metric for Synoptic Scale Tropical Convective Aggregation
Authors: Jin Daeho , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin , Tan Jackson , Kim Kyu‐myong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrganization metrics were originally developed to measure how densely convective clouds are arranged at mesoscales. In this work, we apply organization metrics to describe tropical synoptic scale convective activity. Such activity is identified by cloud‐precipitation (hybrid) regimes defined at 1‐degree and 1‐hourly resolution. Existing metrics were found to perform inadequately for such convective regime aggregates because the large domain size and co‐existence of sparse aggregate occurrences with noisy isolated convection often violate assumptions inherent in these metrics. In order to capture these characteristics, in this study the existing “convective organization potential” (COP) metric was modified so as to focus on local organization and provide increased weight to aggregate size. The resulting “area‐based COP” (ABCOP) follows the principle that the more numerous the objects, the higher the chance of organization. It is thus optimized to capture large‐scale convective events occurring during phenomena such as ENSO and MJO, while also performs as well as existing metrics for small domain sizes.
High Inter‐ and Intra‐Lake Variation in Sediment Phosphorus Pools in Shallow Lakes
Authors: Albright Ellen A. , Rachel Fleck King , Shingai Quin K. , Wilkinson Grace M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) release from lakebed sediments may fuel phytoplankton blooms, especially in shallow waterbodies. A primary mechanism that controls internal P loading is the size and chemical composition of the sediment P pool. However, variation in sediment P within and among shallow lakes remains poorly quantified. We measured the degree of spatial heterogeneity in the size and composition of sediment P pools, both within and among seven shallow lakes. There was a 1.6× difference in total sediment P among the study lakes, and P composition varied across lakes based on differences in watershed soils and land cover and lake basin morphology. Differences in sediment P composition among lakes imply that the dominant mechanisms of internal loading will also vary among lakes. We also found that higher mobile P (as a fraction of total P) in the profundal sediments was positively correlated with long‐term mean chlorophyll‐aconcentrations (p = 0.04), indicating the reciprocal relationship between sediment P composition and phytoplankton biomass in shallow lakes. Additionally, we measured substantial within‐lake heterogeneity in total and loosely‐bound sediment P within each lake. Concentrations were positively correlated with water depth such that extrapolating measurements from the deep site alone could overestimate whole‐lake mean P concentrations, reinforcing that single station methods produce unreliable estimates of mean sediment P stocks. Our results provide insight into the magnitude and pattern of inter‐ and intra‐lake variation in sediment P pools that should be accounted for when sampling, scaling measurements, and modeling sediment P dynamics.
Hypoxia-induced LncRNA DACT3-AS1 upregulates PKM2 to promote metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through the HDAC2/FOXA3 pathway
Authors: Wang Liyan , Li Bin , Bo Xiaotong , Yi Xiaoyuan , Xiao Xuhua , Zheng Qinghua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence has revealed that hypoxia is involved in multiple stages of cancer development. However, there are limited reports on the effects of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression under hypoxia. The main purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of the novel lncRNA DACT3-AS1 on metastasis in HCC and to elucidate the related molecular mechanism. Bioinformatics tools were employed. RT–qPCR or western blot assays were conducted to detect RNA or protein expression. Clinical samples and in vivo assays were utilized to reveal the role of DACT3-AS1 in HCC. Other mechanism and functional analyses were specifically designed and performed as well. Based on the collected data, this study revealed that HIF-1α transcriptionally activates DACT3-AS1 expression under hypoxia. DACT3-AS1 was verified to promote metastasis in HCC. Mechanistically, DACT3-AS1 promotes the interaction between HDAC2 and FOXA3 to stimulate FOXA3 deacetylation, which consequently downregulates the FOXA3 protein. Furthermore, FOXA3 serves as a transcription factor that can bind to the PKM2 promoter region, thus hindering PKM2 expression. To summarize, this study uncovered that HIF-1α-induced DACT3-AS1 promotes metastasis in HCC and can upregulate PKM2 via the HDAC2/FOXA3 pathway in HCC cells.
Experimental verification of generalized eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in an integrable system
Authors: Wang Qin-Qin , Tao Si-Jing , Pan Wei-Wei , Chen Zhe , Chen Geng , Sun Kai , Xu Jin-Shi , Xu Xiao-Ye , Han Yong-Jian , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentifying the general mechanics behind the equilibration of a complex isolated quantum system towards a state described by only a few parameters has been the focus of attention in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. And several experimentally unproven conjectures are proposed for the statistical description of quantum (non-)integrable models. The plausible eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which suggests that each energy eigenstate itself is thermal, plays a crucial role in understanding the quantum thermalization in non-integrable systems; it is commonly believed that it does not exist in integrable systems. Nevertheless, integrable systems can still relax to the generalized Gibbs ensemble. From a microscopic perspective, understanding the origin of this generalized thermalization that occurs in an isolated integrable system is a fundamental open question lacking experimental investigations. Herein, we experimentally investigated the spin subsystem relaxation in an isolated spin–orbit coupling quantum system. By applying the quantum state engineering technique, we initialized the system with various distribution widths in the mutual eigenbasis of the conserved quantities. Then, we compared the steady state of the spin subsystem reached in a long-time coherent dynamics to the prediction of a generalized version of ETH and the underlying mechanism of the generalized thermalization is experimentally verified for the first time. Our results facilitate understanding the origin of quantum statistical mechanics.
Mitochondrial modulators for obsessive–compulsive and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Iwata Nakao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt remains unclear whether mitochondrial modulators (MMs) are beneficial in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive and related disorders. Thus, in an attempt to answer this clinical question, we performed a systematic review and a random-effects meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. The primary outcome was change in overall symptoms as measured using standardized rating scales. Other outcomes were response to treatment; improvement in anxiety-related scales scores, depression-related scale scores, Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S) scores, and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) scores; all-cause discontinuation; and individual adverse events. We calculated the standardized mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. We reviewed 17 studies (n = 629, 72.62% female; duration = 2–20 weeks; mean age = 30.47 years) of MMs: eicosapentaenoic acid (K = 1), folic acid (K = 1), lithium (K = 1), N-acetylcysteine (K = 10), inositol (K = 3), and silymarin (K = 1). MMs outperformed placebo in overall improvement in symptoms (p < 0.01) and in improving anxiety-related scale scores (p = 0.05). Subgroup analysis of individual MMs revealed that although overall symptoms were better improved by N-acetylcysteine (p < 0.01) and lithium (p = 0.04), no MMs outperformed placebo in terms of improving anxiety-related scale scores. Neither pooled nor individual MMs outperformed placebo in improving response to treatment, depression-related scale scores, CGI-S scores, SDS scores, or all-cause discontinuation. N-acetylcysteine was no more associated with a higher incidence of individual adverse events including gastrointestinal symptoms, than placebo. In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine was beneficial in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive and related disorders. However, further study with larger samples is necessary to confirm this finding.