bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural elucidation of polydopamine facilitated by ionic liquid solvation
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Mason Thomas , Lu Zhenzhen , Hill A. , Pas Steven , Teo Boon Mian , Freeman Benny , Pas Ekaterina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Minimal understanding of the formation mechanism and structure of polydopamine (pDA) and its natural analogues, eumelanin impedes the practical application of these versatile polymers and limits our knowledge of the origin of melanoma.1–8 The lack of conclusive structural evidence stems from the insolubility of these materials, which has spawned significantly diverse suggestions of pDA’s structure in the literature.9,10 We discovered that pDA is soluble in certain ionic liquids. Using these ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents, we present an experimental methodology to solvate pDA, enabling us to identify pDA’s chemical structure. The resolved pDA structure consists of self-assembled supramolecular aggregates that contribute to the increasing complexity of the polymer. The underlying molecular energetics of pDA solvation and a macroscopic picture of the disruption of the aggregates using IL solvents have been investigated, along with studies of the aggregation mechanism in water.
Upregulation of CHAC1 promotes bladder inflammation and predicts adverse prognosis in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Xudong , Liu Ruijia , Wang Xuyun , Zhang Yaosheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
CHAC1 is a newly identified endoplasmic reticulum-inducible gene that is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, but its function and mechanism are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CHAC1 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA).
Methods
All original data of CHAC1 was collected from the public databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Human Protein Atlas, and further analyzed by R (version 3.6.3). The correlations between CHAC1 and tumor immune characteristics were analyzed via the TIMER and TISIDB databases.
Results
The CHAC1 mRNA and protein expression levels were both higher in BLCA tissues compared with normal bladder tissues in the public databases CHAC1 expression was upregulated in BLCA, which had a clinical diagnostic value and was in correlation with poor prognosis. CHAC1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with CHAC1 methylation levels. With enrichment analysis, we found that CHAC1 could affect the development of BLCA by regulating the glutathione metabolic and biosynthetic process, cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process and Ferroptosis signaling pathways. Further analysis showed that CHAC1 expression was positively associated with macrophages, T-related cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells. In addition, CHAC1 expression was also closely related to immunomodulators and methylation immunomodulators in BLCA.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated CHAC1 can accurately predict survival, reflect the immune microenvironment, and predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy among BLCA patients. The study suggested that CHAC1 could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to assess the prognosis and regulate the immune cells infiltration level of BLCA.
Diversity deconstrains component limitations in sensorimotor control
Authors: Nakahira Yorie , Liu Quanying , Sejnowski Terrence , Doyle John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Human sensorimotor control is remarkably fast and accurate at the system level despite severe speed-accuracy trade-offs (SATs) at the component level. The discrepancy between the contrasting SATs at these two levels is a paradox. Here we describe reaching experiments in which sensorimotor delays and quantization errors were manipulated to test their effects on reaching speed and accuracy as a surrogate for manipulating the biophysical properties. A mechanistic model was developed for how component SATs constrain sensorimotor control that is consistent with the experimental results and with Fitts' Law for reaching. The model and experiments suggest that diversity among components deconstrains their individual limitations in sensorimotor control. Such "diversity-enabled sweet spots" (DESSs) are ubiquitous in both engineering and biology, explaining why large heterogeneities exist in the components of artificial and biological systems and how both engineers and natural selection routinely evolve into systems with fast and accurate responses using imperfect components.
Hepatitis B Vaccine Uptake and Associated Factors among Adults in Northern Uganda: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Aber Janet Okello , Bongomin Felix , Opio Stephen Lawoko , Ochola Emmanuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem against which vaccination is recommended for all high-risk adults. HBV is highly endemic in Northern Uganda, however, there is a paucity of literature regarding HBV vaccine uptake and associated factors within the community in the region. In this study, we aimed to determine the level of HBV vaccine uptake and associated factors among adults in Gulu city, Uganda. Methods We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in Gulu city among eligible adults between March and May 2022. Data on HBV vaccination status and sociodemographic characteristics were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Full uptake of HBV vaccine was defined as receipt of all 3 recommended doses, and partial uptake for 1 or 2 doses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA 16.0 to determine factors independently associated with HBV vaccine uptake. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In total 360 participants were enrolled, of whom 212 (58.9%) were female, 183 (50.8%) were aged 30 years or younger, and 143 (39.7%) had attained tertiary education. Overall, 96 (26.7%) participants had full uptake of HBV vaccine and 73 (20.3%) had partial uptake. Factors that were statistically significantly associated with full uptake of HBV vaccine were; Good knowledge regarding HBV transmission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.9, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.03 — 3.46, p = 0.040) and receiving health education on HBV vaccination (aOR = 4.4, 95% CI = 2.3 — 8.4, p < 0.001). Conclusions There is a low uptake of HBV vaccine in Gulu city. The Uganda Ministry of Health should correct misconceptions, create awareness of the severity of HBV infection through health education regarding HBV infection within the community in Gulu City; and set mechanisms to follow-up clients due for next HBV vaccination.
Natural and pathological aging distinctively impact the pheromone detection system and social behavior
Authors: Montes Adrian Portales , Chamero Pablo , Jurado Sandra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Normal aging and many age-related disorders such as Alzheimer´s disease cause deficits in olfaction, however it is currently unknown how natural and pathological aging impact the detection of social odors which might contribute to the impoverishment of social behavior at old age further worsening overall health. Here, we investigated the effect of aging in the recognition of social cues and the display of social behavior.
Methods: Social and non-social scents were employed to discern the specific impact of aging and neurodegeneration in social odor perception. Odor-evoked sniffing tests were employed to estimate the exploration time in response to social and non-social odors in naturally aged animals (up to 2-year-old senescent mice) and an animal model of Alzheimer´s disease (APP/PS1). Social habituation-dishabituation tests were adapted to determine short- and long-term social discrimination, the effect of previous experience in social recognition and potential disruptions of self-awareness. Sociability and social novelty were analyzed by a three chamber test. Mature (OMP) and proliferating (Sox2, PCNA) neurons in the vomeronasal organ were analyzed by immunostaining and stereology during healthy and pathological aging.
Results: Our findings indicate that aging distinctively disrupts the processing of social olfactory cues decreasing social odor exploration, discrimination and habituation in both wild type senescent (2-year-old) mice and in 1-year-old double mutant model of Alzheimer´s disease (APP/PS1). Furthermore, social novelty was diminished in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, indicating that alterations in the processing of social cues are accelerated during pathological aging. Analysis of the vomeronasal organ, the main gateway to pheromone-encoded information, indicated that natural and pathological aging distinctively affect the neurogenic ability of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Whereas cell proliferation remained majorly preserved in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, naturally aged animals exhibited significant deficiencies in the number of mature, proliferative and progenitor cells.
Conclusions: This study reveals fundamental differences in the cellular processes by which natural and pathological aging disrupt the exploration of social information and social behavior.
Effects of grazing on the ecosystems multifunctionality of montane meadow-grassland, the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Jiang Kangwei , Zhang Qingqing , Wang Yafei , Li Hong , Yang Yongqiang , Reyimu Tursunnay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring human survival and development. However, few studies have focused on the effects of different grazing intensities on EMF, and little is known about the changes in the function of multiple ecosystems at different grazing intensities. The paper uses research methods such as plant community survey and high-throughput sequencing technology to study the grassland EMF on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in China. We use the mean value method to calculate the EMF and explore the effects of no grazing (CK), light grazing (LG) and heavy grazing (HG) on grassland EMF. Results showed that HG significantly improved moisture regulation (MR) function (p < 0.05), and decreased soil fertility (SF) (p > 0.05), soil carbon storage (SCS) (p > 0.05), nutrient conversion and cycling (NC) (p > 0.05), grassland productivity (GP) function (p < 0.05) and EMF (p < 0.05). The EMF index of the grassland ecosystem under grazing conditions ranges from 0.3328–0.6018. GP, SCS and NC functions have the highest contribution to EMF under CK, LG and HG conditions, respectively. Under grazing conditions, EMF showed a cooperative relationship with SF, SCS and GP, and the correlation coefficient (r) value was between 0.62–0.76 (P < 0.05). At the same time, EMF and grassland water MR showed a trade-offs relationship (r = 0.68, P < 0.05). The results of structural equation models showed that grazing have a significant effect on EMF directly, and indirectly through soil fungal diversity. Therefore, reasonable reduction of grazing intensity is the most effective management approach to maintain ecosystem function. At the same time, grazing plays a key role in maintaining EMF by regulating both above- and below-ground ecosystem functions, primarily through soil fungal diversity. This study sheds light on the EMF response to grazing intensity in montane grasslands, and provides a theoretical basis for restoring degraded grasslands and sustainable ecosystem development.
Single-Cell RNA sequencing reveals altered microenvironment and pro-tumoral effects of TLE4 within invasive somatotroph adenoma
Authors: LOU meiqing , xu houshi , zhang anke , fang chaoyou , liu yibo , wang xiaoyu , shao anwen , chen sheng , wang kaikai , hong yuan , zhang jianmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Invasive somatotroph adenoma, a dominant subtype of pituitary adenoma (PA), is considered a clinical challenge with limited treatments other than surgery. Single-cell transcriptome analysis provides the opportunity to characterize the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and elucidate the potential origin of PA cells and the mechanisms of tumor progression.
Methods: We performed high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing of 7,291 single cells obtained from invasive and noninvasive somatotroph adenomas. The alteration of the TME and the evolution of invasive PA cells were investigated in depth and verified in vivo and in vitro.
Results: We constructed a single-cell transcriptional atlas and explored cell-cell interactions in the TME. The evolution and progression of invasive somatotroph adenoma were depicted from a single-cell perspective, and the key gene TLE4 was selected as the study focus. It was demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro studies that upregulation of TLE4 in PA cells significantly enhanced tumor growth and invasive features.
Additionally, according to analysis of human PA samples, high TLE4 expression was associated with larger tumor size and greater invasion.
Conclusion: We described the alterations and intracellular interactions in the TME of PAs for the first time. Moreover, we revealed that TLE4 expression in PA cells is associated with PA invasion and may serve as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for PA.
Effectiveness of Coronavac and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccines against severe illness in Thailand: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Promlek Thanyarat , Hansirisathit Tonsan , Kunno Jadsada , Thanunchai Maytawan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Two primary vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been rolled out in the mass vaccination campaign that started simultaneously with the spread of the delta variant. This study aimed to explore vaccines’ effect on reducing infectiousness and disease severity.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Thai patients aged ≥ 18 years who received one and two doses of either CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and a booster vaccine and confirmed COVID-19 positive by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. To determine the effect of vaccines on infectiousness and occurrence of severe COVID-19-related outcomes, the Ct values and number of severe cases were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated people, among vaccine regimens.
Results
No difference in Ct values was found between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. To reduce the occurrence of severe illness, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a vaccine booster and two-dose CoranaVac provided 100% protection, followed by two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (84.7%, 95% CI 18.2–98.0), whereas one-dose regimen of either CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 had VE of < 71.6%.
Conclusion
Vaccinations with two primary vaccines could not reduce viral load in patients with COVID-19, but could prevent severe illness.
The inhibition mechanism of Lactobacillus fermented whey protein and blueberry juice mixture system against Escherichia coli during storage
Authors: Qian Yu , Gui-bing Lu , Wen-qiong Wang , Cong-cong Tang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the antimicrobial effect and mechanism of whey protein and blueberry juice mixture system using lactobacillus fermentation against Escherichia coli during storage. The whey protein and blueberry juice mixture systems using Lactobacillus casei M54, Lactobacillus plantarum 67, Streptococcus thermophiles 99 or Lactobacillus bulgaricus 134 had different antibacterial activity against E. coli during storage. The antimicrobial activity of whey protein and blueberry juice mixture fermentation systems was the highest with inhibition zone diameter of about 230 mm compared with the whey protein or blueberry juice fermentation alone. There was no viable E. coli cells after 7 h with the treatment of whey protein and blueberry juice mixture systems by survival curve analysis. The inhibitory mechanism analysis showed that the release of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), electrical conductivity, protein content, aspartic acid transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and pyruvic acid content on E. coli had increased. These results demonstrated that these mixture fermentation systems especially containing blueberry could inhibit the growth of E. coli and even cause cells death by destroying the cell the membrane and cell wall.
Lynch syndrome: influence of additional susceptibility variants on cancer risk
Authors: VIBERT Roseline , Hasnaoui Jasmine , Lefebvre Alexandra , Colas Chrystelle , Dhooge Marion , Basset Noemie , Chansavang Albain , Desseignes Camille , Duval Alex , Farelly Solenne , Hamzaoui Nadim , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Metras Julie , Moliere Diane , Muleris Martine , Netter Jeanne , Nicolle Romain , Perkins Géraldine , Perrier Alexandre , Warcoin Mathilde , Coulet Florence , Benusiglio Patrick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Some patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) have extreme phenotypes, i.e. cancer before the recommended screening age, or cancer for which there are no screening guidelines. We made the hypothesis that additional germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes (CSG) could explain some of these phenotypes. We compared the prevalence of additional CSG variants in LS patients with a cancer diagnosis before age 30 (early-onset, EO group) and after 40 (usual-onset, UO group). While there was no overall difference, we did find an excess of pathogenic variants and variants of unknown significance in EO cases when only gastrointestinal CSG were considered (OR 2.25; 95%CI: 1.01–5.06, p-value = 0.04). Four EO cases stood out: two with POLE/POLD1 variants in the key exonuclease domain, one with a BMPR1A duplication and one with an EPCAM deletion. Additional germline variants should be considered in future screening recommendations, as they might influence cancer risk.
PLATO’s signal and noise budget
Authors: Börner Anko , Paproth Carsten , Perez Juan Cabrera , Pertenais Martin , Rauer Heike , Mas-Hesse J. Miguel , Pagano Isabella , Alvarez Jose Lorenzo , Erikson Anders , Denis Grießbach , Levillain Yves , Magrin Demetrio , Mogulsky Valery , Niemi Sami Mathias , Prod'homme Thibaut , Regibo Sara , De Ridder Joris , Rockstein Steve , Samadi Reza , Serrano-Velarde Dimitri , Smith Alan , Verhoeve Peter , Walton Dave 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

ESA’s PLATO mission aims the detection and characterization of terrestrial planets around solar-type stars as well as the study of host star properties. The noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) is the main performance parameter of the PLATO instrument, which consists of 24 Normal Cameras and 2 Fast Cameras. In order to justify, verify and breakdown NSR-relevant requirements the software simulator PINE was developed. PINE models the signal pathway from a target star to the digital output of a camera based on physical models and considers the major noise contributors. In this paper, the simulator’s coarse mode is introduced which allows fast performance analyses on instrument level. The added value of PINE is illustrated by exemplary applications.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on sodium and chloride ion channels of Casuarina glauca under salt stress
Authors: Wang Yihan , Dong Fengxin , Chen Hui , Xu Tingying , Tang Ming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote the growth and salt tolerance of plants under salt stress. However, the effects of AMF on the distribution of Na+ and Cl− and the expression of related genes in plants under salt stress need to be further explored. This study explored the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis on plant biomass, the distribution of Na+ and Cl−, and the expression of related genes in Casuarina glauca under NaCl stress. R. irregularis could promote salt dilution of C. glauca by increasing biomass and the content of K+, compartmentalizing Na+ and Cl− in vacuoles. These processes were associated with the expression of CgNHX1, CgNHX2-1, CgCLCD, CgCLCF, and CgCLCG. This phenomenon may explain why C. glauca with R. irregularis grows better than that without under the same level of NaCl stress.
Effect of light quality on polyphenol biosynthesis in three varieties of mung bean sprouts with different color seed coats
Authors: Cheng Yaoyao , Chen Honglin , Zhao Yihan , Cheng Xuzhen , Wang Lixia , Guo Xinbo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts are a popular sprouting vegetable all over the world and are an excellent source of polyphenols with high antioxidant activity. This study investigated the effects of light qualities on the kinetic changes and metabolic regulation mechanism of light signal mediating polyphenols in three mung bean sprout cultivars. Experimental results showed that white light particularly enhanced the contents of caffeic acid, rutin and delphinidin 3-glucoside. Interestingly, ferulic acid and vitexin responded selectively to blue light and red light, severally. Most genes involved in polyphenol biosynthesis were activated under different light quality conditions, resulting in an overaccumulation of phenylpropanoids. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PAL, F3H, F3’H and F3’5’H expression correlated highly with rutin, whereas ANS expression paralleled anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, MYB111, MYB3, MYB4, MYB1 and MYC2 were critical regulators of polyphenol biosynthesis in mung bean sprouts. These changes were likely due to the changes in expression of the photoreceptor genes CRY-D, PHOT2, PHYE and light response genes (PIF3 and HY5). Our results provide insights into polyphenol biosynthesis in sprouts and microgreens.
Bletilla striata polysaccharides protect against mercury-induced oxidative damage to Drosophila midguts via modulation of sestrin
Authors: Chen Zhi , Wen Di 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress was one of the major causes of heavy metal-induced toxicity in organisms including Drosophila melanogaster. Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) with anti-oxidative property has been recently recognized as a novel player in the management of oxidative stress response in organisms. Here, we took Drosophila midgut as a model to evaluate the protective effects of BSP (50 µg/mL) on mercury chloride-induced gastrointestinal adversities. As a result, BSP was found to significantly improve the survival rates and climbing ability of flies exposed to mercury. Further study demonstrated that BSP significantly alleviated the mercury-induced injury to midgut epithelium, at least partly, through increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase), decreasing reactive oxidative species production, inhibiting cell apoptosis, restoring intestinal epithelial barrier and regulating stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration. Additionally, oxidative stress responsive gene sestrin was involved in the protection of BSP against mercury-induced oxidative damage to midguts. This study suggested that BSP has great potential for future application in the treatment and prevention of heavy metal-induced gastrointestinal adversities in mammals.