bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Iterative Field Search Approach to Minimum Zone Circle for Roundness Error Estimation
Authors: Singh Deep , Arunachalam N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Roundness is one of the common attributes in the manufacturing industry. Roundness is the most prominent of the extant fundamental forms, as the majority of the fabricated components are round or cylindrical. The examination of roundness error associated with such features is critical since inadequate evaluation might result in the rejection of excellent parts. The performance of any equipment depends on the mating parts. Out-of-roundness components cause the inefficiency of such equipment’s system performance. As a result, roundness error assessment is critical for macro-sized specimens as well as for micro- and nano-sized components. The present article proposes a novel approach to Minimum Zone Circle (MZC) to evaluate the roundness error. An iterative field search methodology is used in the suggested approach. The proposed methodology evaluates the roundness error based on the generated discretized points within the search space and continues the same by decreasing the search space with an increase in the number of iterations to attain the Minimum Zone Error (MZE). The proposed algorithm has been tested with ten CMM (coordinate measuring machine) datasets and ten form datasets available in the literature studies and found to be excellent in comparison to the existing techniques. Further, the proposed methodology was also implemented to estimate the MZE of centerless ground specimens at multiple cross sections, and the roundness error obtained was lesser as compared to the LSC, MCC, and MIC. The number of generated discretized points is flexible and can be varied to reduce the number of iterations and computations. The recommended method is quite effective in assessing the roundness error when compared to the existing techniques. It also works well on data that was both evenly and unevenly spaced. The results suggest that altering the search field area for higher computing efficiency is straightforward, resilient, and versatile.
Additive Manufacturing of a High Temperature, Ni-Based Superalloy Compact Heat Exchanger: A Study on the Role of Select Key Printing Parameters
Authors: Battaglia Fabio , Zhang Xiang , Arie Martinus A. , Shooshtari Amir , Sarmiento Andres Paul , Ohadi Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Compared to state-of-the-art heat exchangers, manifold-microchannel heat exchangers have shown superior heat removal density (kW/kg) at moderate pressure drops. However, manifold-microchannel heat exchangers made of Ni-based superalloys or other tough-to-machine materials can be a challenge to fabricate using conventional fabrication methods. This is mainly because of the inherently complex manifold microchannel geometry, as well as the required small feature sizes (e.g., fin thickness) that should be comparable, or smaller than state-of-the-art high-performance metallic-based heat exchangers (∼150 μm or smaller). In this study, a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) additive manufacturing technique was used to fabricate the compact high-temperature manifold-microchannel heat exchanger reported here. The additively manufactured manifold-microchannel heat exchanger was fabricated as a single object, which significantly simplifies the fabrication process. In this work, three different additive manufacturing machines were used to study the effect of laser power, powder size, and layer thickness on the fin and channel sizes of the fabricated microchannel heat exchangers. To evaluate the minimum wall thickness for holding the required design pressures, pressure containment tests were performed. As a result, a wall thickness of 0.3 mm was shown to withstand 340 kPa and be leakage-free. A detailed analysis of different printing orientations and their effect on the manifold-microchannel heat exchanger's design was also performed. Finally, a 76 × 76 × 76 mm3 manifold microchannel heat exchanger was successfully fabricated with a fin thickness of 0.13 mm out of maraging steel. A second unit with dimensions of 94 × 87.6 × 94.4 mm3 was successfully fabricated with a fin thickness of 0.22 mm out of Inconel 718. Details of the fabrication process and key take-away results are discussed in this paper.
Research on the Buckling Load of Clamped Spherical Caps Under External Pressure: Analyzed by the Fourier Series Model With Initial Geometric Imperfections
Authors: Zheng Sanlong , Zhang Yiqi , Xu Jiawei , Chen Bingbing , Wang Pengfei , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe knockdown factor (KDF), which characterizes the difference between the actual buckling pressure and the classical theoretical pressure of clamped spherical caps under external pressure, is highly discrete. The mechanism that causes this discreteness is still not understood and has not been reproduced in numerical simulation. By scanning six clamped spherical caps, the geometric characteristics of the shells were analyzed, and a geometric model was established based on the Fourier series. The geometric model was simulated by the geometric and material double nonlinear buckling analysis method. The results were compared with the experimental data from this study and other references. 720 sets of clamped spherical caps under external pressure were simulated using the proposed Fourier series model and simulation method. The influence of the yield strength, geometrical parameter λ, dimensionless parameters radius-thickness ratio R/t, and the imperfection-thickness ratio e/t on KDF were studied, and the highly discrete characteristics of KDF were reproduced. The results showed that the proposed method has a better predictive effect on KDF, which is significantly improved over the “Eigemode imperfections” method. KDF is not only related to λ and e/t, but is also affected by the yield strength and R/t. The lower envelopes of KDF were obtained when e/t was less than 1.0 and 2.0. The NASA SP-8032 curve corresponds to the lower envelope of KDF when e/t is less than 8.0, and the curve is below the lower envelope of KDF when e/t is less than 1.0 and 2.0. As stipulated in the pressure vessel standard, the KDF obtained by NASA SP-8032 will be conservative for design conditions with e/t less than 1.0 or 2.0, and appropriate adjustment should be considered.
Experimental Research of the Entire Wave System Inside a Wave Rotor Refrigerator and the Impact of Pressure Ratios on the Equipment Performance
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Ji Yawen , Hu Dapeng , Wang Jingxian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The wave rotor refrigerator (WRR) is an efficient refrigeration technology. For the purpose of investigating the gas wave characteristics inside the rotor channels of WRR device, the performance and pressure monitoring experiments were conducted at various pressure ratios in this study, and the main findings are as follows: the computation method can produce an accurate design of pressure ports though the post-wave gas pressure of numerical computation has a certain difference with the experiment because of the actual gap leakage and friction loss. The deviation of working pressure ratio from the design values results in the reversed/reflected compression waves or worsens gas leakage, which lowers the equipment performance. When the expansion ratio α is constant, the efficiency reduction ratio does not exceed 11.9% as the relative variation rate of the compression ratio is less than 150%; When the compression ratio β is constant, the efficiency is relatively lowered by a proportion less than 16.4% as the relative increasing ratio of α is less than 63%. This study improves the mechanism of WRR and demonstrates the strong ability of WRR to resist fluctuations in working conditions.
Model Reference Control-Based Steering Feel Improvement for Electric Power-Assisted Steering System
Authors: Li Yijun , Shim Taehyun , Wang Dexin , Offerle Timothy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Drivers are sensitive to steering feel of a vehicle and significant tuning efforts are placed to set the desired steering feel. This paper discusses a closed-loop torque overlay control system to improve the steering feel of an electric power-assisted steering (EPAS) system. This system has reference model, rack force estimator, and tracking controller. A target steering feel is generated from a reference model in which it uses an estimate of rack force determined from a Kalman filter-based rack force estimator to reflect the actual vehicle operating conditions. A sliding mode controller is designed for tracking the target steering feel. The performance of the proposed control system is evaluated through simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop test. The simulation and experimental results show that the EPAS system with the proposed control method can successfully improve the steering feel under various operation conditions.
Single Phase CFD Method Validation Based on PIV Experimental Data
Authors: Zhao Jiayin , Ren Bing , Gan Fujun , Yang Ping , Qiu Yifan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present paper aims to verify the existing CFD method and determine the optimal combination of the models and parameters. Single phase 5 × 5 bundle flow field is analyzed and validated based on the Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental data. By comparing the fluid velocity distributions at different sections and positions downstream of the grid, the effects of different grid basic sizes, mesh refinement in grid area and turbulence model on the calculation results are investigated. The results show that, when the mesh is refined to a certain extent, the change of calculation results tends to be stable, and the basic size of 0.4mm is used for subsequent calculation. Mesh refinement in grid area only has a certain influence on the flow calculation at zone near grid (1 Dh). In the 4 ∼ 20 Dh downstream of the grid, the simulated values under different turbulence models are different, the simulated values for standard quadratic k-ε (SKE) and realizable k-ε (RKE) are larger, while the improved quadratic k-ε is better for simulating the velocity analysis. All three turbulence models overestimate velocity at other zones. The results provide references to the establishment of a systematic and reliable high-precision numerical method for simulating the flow and heat transfer performance in the fuel rod bundle.
Numerical Research on Coupling Heat Transfer Characteristics of PRHR HX Primary and Secondary Sides
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Zhang Yuhao , Fu Jingpin , Lu Daogang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX) in AP1000 is important for the safety of reactor and core as the main heat transfer device for cooling the primary circuit coolant during the residual heat removal. This C-type heat exchanger is vital in ensuring the safety of the reactor in accident conditions. Theoretical calculation methods and research for the coupling heat transfer of the primary and secondary sides of a new C-type heat exchanger with double natural circulation are limited. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of the passive residual heat removal tubes are studied from three aspects: theoretical calculation, experiment and numerical simulation. Theoretical calculations used multiple heat transfer calculation models to obtain the heat transfer characteristics such as temperature distribution in the tube. Scaling experiments with primary and secondary side coupling of PRHR HX were carried out and experimental data was obtained. Numerical model of C-tubes was simplified and established based on the experimental device, and coupling heat transfer process inside and outside the C-tube was simulated by FLUENT. The comparisons mentioned above present the coupling heat transfer characteristics in double natural circulation on the primary and secondary sides of PRHR HX. Its outlet temperature decreases obviously compared with inlet temperature, with an average heat transfer coefficient of 1000–2000 W/m2·K. It indicates that the new C-type heat exchanger has a strong ability for heat transfer and most of the coolant heat can be taken away during the operation. This also further validates the accuracy of theoretical calculation.
Analysis of Flow Noise and Vibration Performance for Heat Supply Network Bleed Valve
Authors: Lu Jibing , Shen Mengling , Xing Cangmei , Wen Caizhang , Wu Zeyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The heat supply network bleed valve is located in the steam pipe of the steam turbine heater. When conveying the steam medium of high temperature and high pressure, it impacts the valve disc and pipe wall, resulting in flow-induced vibration and noise of the pipe, resulting in excessive pipeline vibration, which is not conducive to the normal operation of the heat supply network and stable steam supply. In this paper, by using large eddy simulation turbulence theory to study bleed valve disc under different rotation angle operating characteristics, pipe flow field regularity of distribution, and the pressure pulsation of measuring points, the Q criterion is applied to analyze the locomotion mechanism of vortex structure in the downstream flow field of the valve disc, the use of common noise prediction method to calculate the noise of the heat supply network structure features, analysis of the inherent law of flow-induced vibration. It is found that with the increase of the rotation angle of the valve disc, there is an obvious negative pressure center area at the back of the valve disc, and the vortex is formed under the action of the adverse pressure gradient. The decrease in vortex size makes the flow efficiency at the back of the valve increase significantly. Large eddy simulation results show that the fluid generates a double vortex structure similar to the dean vortex behind the valve, and is eventually broken and separated due to the dissipation of viscous turbulent kinetic energy. The smaller the rotation angle is, the more seriously the dissipation vortex blocks the flow area near the pipe wall. The noise characteristics of the flow field in the heat supply network present a dipole state and the overall broadband characteristics. The energy of the flow field is concentrated in the low and middle frequency, and there is a peak of noise SPL. Simulation results showed that when the valve disc rotation angle is less than 30°, the vortex structure will seriously block the pipeline flow area, accounting for more than 90%, and the pipeline flow efficiency will decrease significantly with strong pulsation and noise. The fundamental frequency of the noise in the heat supply network shows a frequency doubling relationship with the natural frequency of the structure, and the rotation angle of the valve disc is negative correlation significantly with the magnitude and position of the fundamental frequency of the noise. Both of them can induce the flow-induced vibration and noise of the heat supply network, which complies with the field measurement data.
Numerical Simulations of CHF in a Single Rod Channel Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Zheng Pengde , Liu Chang , Li Zhenzhong , Chen Deqi , Wu Haochuang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims to develop an experimental verification calculation model based on the open source CFD platform OpenFOAM to simulate boiling flow in single rod channel. Two-fluid model coupled with improved RPI wall boiling model (i.e. CHF model) was employed to investigate the departure from nuclear boiling (DNB) phenomena in a single rod under extremely high heat flux. The corrected wall heat flux partitioning model was implemented in the OpenFOAM to simulate two-phase boiling. A good agreement between the predicted CHF and experimental results was observed. On this basis, the effects of coolant mass flow and inlet subcooling on CHF were numerically studied. The results shown that two-fluid model coupled with CHF model was qualified to predict CHF accurately. This work can be referred when one predicts CHF in complicated geometry by CFD methodology.
Experimental Study on Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vertical Surface Chromium-Plated Tube With Condensate Gas
Authors: Hou Xiaofan , Yao Shiwei , Jiu Jinrong , Wang Qianglong , Chen Hanying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An experimental research on the condensation heat transfer characteristic of surface chromium-plated tube was put forwards with non condensation gas. The experimental result suggests that the factors of pressure, air mass fraction and wall subcooling affect the condensation heat transfer process of surface chromium-plated tube, which is similar to that of stainless steel tube. In addition, by comparing with the stainless steel tube, the chromium-plated tube condensation heat transfer capacity changes more obviously with the variation of air mass fraction. That is to say, under the low air mass fraction condition, due to the existence of non condensation gas layer, the difference between those two tube-types is little; but under the high air mass fraction condition, the condensation heat transfer capacity of surface chromium-plated tube is higher than stainless steel tubes lightly. At last, by fitting the experimental data, the empirical formula of condensation heat transfer of surface chrome-plated tube under the condition of non condensing gas is obtained. The deviation is less than 20%.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Air Temperature Measurement Scheme for Big Space in Containment
Authors: Fan Tiexin , Zeng Xianbin , Niu Qi , Tu Bin , Huang Dongshan , Liu Zhengjie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the design phase of a nuclear power plant (NPP), the average temperature of air in the containment was used as an input parameter for the analysis of the Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) and Main Steam Line Break (MSLB). Considering the complicated air temperature field distribution in the containment, it is uncertain that if the measurement results of these thermometers in the big space above the main operation platform (MOP) of the Reactor Building (RB) are representative in normal operation. Here we show a method of analysis: based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, the Three-Dimensional model of the space above the MOP in the RB was established using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software Solidworks, according to the structures, heat dissipation of components, and ventilation in it. The model was meshed using the ANSYS ICEM meshing technology. The numerical simulations and finite element analysis were finally finished using ANSYS CFX software. Then the characteristics of air temperature field and velocity field were obtained. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the air temperature measurement scheme in the space of this analog, and provide theoretical basis for the correction of the average measured value by comparing the simulation results of the temperature field.
Numerical Investigation Into the Water-LBE Interaction by a 3D CFD Code
Authors: Chen Meilan , Du Haoming , Li Changying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the potential Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR) accident in lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) reactors, certain amounts of high pressure water are injected into the primary loop which is with high temperature. Water and liquid metal reacts strongly when they come into react and the flash evaporation of water may occur, which often induced high pressures. In the present study, a 3D CFD code is applied to investigate the key phenomena of SGTR and the flash evaporation in LBE-water interaction. The experiment of LIFUS test is firstly simulated and validated against the code. The VOF model is applied to simulate the multiphase flow, while the flash process is simulated with an evaporation-condensation model. The calculated results of pressure and temperature agreed in a good trend with the experimental data. Then more investigation is performed to study the consequences of the interaction with variation of mass flow rates, mass of injected water and temperatures of LBE and water. The investigation shows that the mass of water injected and the temperature difference between LBE and water has an effect on the peak pressure while the flow rate has an effect on the pressure rise rate during the rapid pressure rise phase in LBE-water interactions.
A Case Study Applying Gouge Classification to Mechanical Damage Defects
Authors: Romney Matt , Burden Dane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mechanical damage is a leading cause of serious pipeline incidents worldwide. Anomalies caused by it, including those associated with third-party damage, are challenging to detect, classify and size. In particular, in-line inspection (ILI) systems have had difficulty inspecting dent regions for coincidental gouging and distinguishing gouging from corrosion. This is a problem as gouging, which occurs when the pipeline is damaged by mechanical or forceful removal of metal from a local area on the pipe surface, tends to be more susceptible to cracking.
Key to achieving proper mechanical damage assessment is a comprehensive inspection of the pipeline using multiple technologies plus the implementation of advanced data analysis algorithms, including machine learning techniques.
Using the T.D. Williamson (TDW) Multiple Dataset (MDS) platform to provide comprehensive pipeline assessment along with the recent development of advanced machine learning models has resulted in the first gouge classifier backed by an industry compliant performance specification.
Through this innovative development, the pipeline industry has access to accurate classification of dents with coincident gouging. Once accurately classified, validation of depth sizing performance for metal loss, both gouges and non-gouges, located coincident with a dent is achieved.
This paper will outline the history of the gouge classifier development, recent improvements and enhancements made to the classifier, and an overview of the classifier performance when applied to a recent ILI project. Classifier model performance metrics, specifically precision and recall, will be reviewed. Post-classification metal loss depth sizing accuracy of gouge and corrosion features will also be presented. Finally, an overview of the operational benefits of the enhanced gouge classifier results will be provided.