bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How we approach the diagnosis of a vascular anomaly
Authors: Heym Kenneth M. , Masand Prakash M. , Margolin Judith F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVascular anomalies represent a diverse group of complex disorders that can cause significant complications, including coagulopathies, pain, and decreased function. The diagnosis of vascular anomalies is often challenging due to heterogeneity of presenting phenotypes and overlapping clinical features with other pediatric conditions. Pediatric hematologists/oncologists (PHO) are uniquely positioned for an essential role in diagnosing, managing, and coordinating the multidisciplinary care required to maximize the quality of life of these patients. Here, we review the diagnostic approach involved in patients with vascular anomalies and utilize cases to highlight the challenges involved, and how PHOs can play a vital part in the care of these patients.
Current trends, applications, and challenges of coatings on additive manufacturing based biopolymers: A state of art review
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Gupta Vishal , Mudgal Deepa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHealing of bone fractures highly depends on the biocompatibility, stability in biological conditions, biodegradability, technical functionality, and shelf‐life of biomaterials. Metallic biomaterials offer excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, metallic bone implants result in stress shielding, release of toxic ions, excessive wear, and corrosion. Polymer materials are being explored for bone implants due to their light‐weight, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and absence of stress shielding. In the new era, additive manufacturing (AM) is being preferred due to its capability of fabricating customer specific implants with minimum material wastage. However, AM based polymer implants lack in mechanical strength and biological properties. Surface modification of polymeric substrates using coatings and incorporation of bioadditives have been regarded as alternatives for improvement of mechanical and biological properties. This review discusses about various coating techniques and gives an overview about coatings and bioadditives that can be used for enhancement of properties. From the review, it is evident that reinforcement of hydroxyapatite to polylactic acid resulted in prevention of crack growth during shape recovery cycles which can be used for self‐fitting implants. Coatings have been successful in enhancing hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, anti‐biofouling, antibacterial and anti‐coagulative properties, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on the coated surface. This review also discusses the challenges that need to be overcome for progression in this field.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the correlation between bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation scales: Toward defining the role of BIS in critically ill patients
Authors: Heavner Mojdeh S. , Gorman Emily F. , Linn Dustin D. , Yeung Siu Yan Amy , Miano Todd A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe bispectral index (BIS) is an attractive approach for monitoring level of consciousness in critically ill patients, particularly during paralysis, when commonly used sedation scales cannot be used.ObjectivesAs a first step toward establishing the utility of BIS during paralysis, this review examines the strength of correlation between BIS and clinical sedation scales in a broad population of non‐paralyzed, critically ill adults.MethodsWe included studies evaluating the strength of correlation between concurrent assessments of BIS and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS), or Sedation Agitation Scale (SAS) in critically ill adult patients. Studies involving assessment of depth sedation periperative or procedural time periods, and those reporting BIS and sedation scale assessments conducted >5 min apart or while neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) were administered, were excluded. Data were abstracted on sedation scale, correlation coefficients, setting, patient characteristics, and BIS assessment characteristics that could impact the quality of the studies.ResultsTwenty‐four studies which enrolled 1235 patients met inclusion criteria. The correlation between BIS and RASS, RSS, and SAS overall was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.74, Ƭ2 = 0.06 I2 = 71.26%). Subgroup analysis by sedation scale indicated that the correlation between BIS and RASS, RSS, and SAS were 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.58–0.73, Ƭ2 = 0.01 I2 = 30.20%), 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.69–0.82, Ƭ2 = 0.04 I2 = 67.15%), and 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.42–0.63, Ƭ2 = 0.01 I2 = 26.59%), respectively. Factors associated with significant heterogeneity included comparator clinical sedation scale, neurologic injury, and the type of intensive care unit (ICU) population.ConclusionsBIS demonstrated moderate to strong correlation with clinical sedation scales in adult ICU patients, providing preliminary evidence for the validity of BIS as a measure of sedation intensity when clinical scales cannot be used. Future studies should determine whether BIS monitoring is safe and effective in improving outcomes in patients receiving NMBA treatment.
Registration of the sorghum carbon‐partitioning nested association mapping (CP‐NAM) population
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Brenton Zachary , Myers Matthew T. , Boyles Richard E. , Sapkota Sirjan , Boatwright J. L. , Cox W. A. , Jordan Kathleen E. , Kresovich Stephen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] carbon‐partitioning nested association mapping (CP_NAM) (Reg. no. MP‐4, NSL 542189 MAP) population was developed at Clemson University, SC, using 11 diverse, male founder accessions, each crossed with a recurrent female parent ‘Grassl’. The male parents represent all five major botanical races and the four major agronomic types: cellulosic (5), sweet (3), grain (2) and forage (1). A set of 11 recombinant inbred line (RIL) families CP_NAM01 to CP_NAM011 were maintained, which consisted of 2,484 (F6) individuals. Each RIL family contained a minimum of 193 individuals (CP_NAM01) and a maximum of 287 individuals (CP_NAM06). For the development of this population, the founder lines were judiciously selected from the sorghum Bioenergy Association Panel based on carbon‐partitioning phenotypes that make this population an ideal genetic resource for dissecting a wide range of agronomic and compositional traits for basic and applied research. The founder accessions of the CP_NAM were phenotypically characterized for various traits, including agronomic, biomass and related components, and additional compositional components. Each of the 11 F6 RIL families of the CP_NAM were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing analysis, and 144,087 single nucleotide polymorphisms were generated for each individual. Genotypic information along with phenotypic data were used for the characterization of this population and to explore the range of phenotypes that permits the understanding of carbon‐partitioning dynamics. This population is a unique resource for researchers to study a wide range of contrasting carbon‐partitioning characteristics in sorghum to understand the genetic architecture underlying whole‐plant carbon partitioning and allocation.
Advances in ionisation techniques for mass spectrometry‐based omics research
Authors: Challen Bob , Cramer Rainer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOmics analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) is a vast field, with proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics dominating recent research by exploiting biological MS ionisation techniques. Traditional MS ionisation techniques such as electrospray ionisation have limitations in analyte‐specific sensitivity, modes of sampling and throughput, leading to many researchers investigating new ionisation methods for omics research. In this review, we examine the current landscape of these new ionisation techniques, divided into the three groups of (electro)spray‐based, laser‐based and other miscellaneous ionisation techniques. Due to the wide range of new developments, this review can only provide a starting point for further reading on each ionisation technique, as each have unique benefits, often for specialised applications, which promise beneficial results for different areas in the omics world.
Developing Reaction Chemistry Models from Reactive Molecular Dynamics: TATB
Authors: Kober Edward M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReactive Molecular Dynamic (RMD) are used to simulate the cook‐off chemistry of TATB at a variety of fixed density and fixed temperature conditions. The chemical transformations are monitored using a Coordination Geometry Analysis (CGA) approach which tracks which atom types are bonded to each specific atom. This particularly identifies oxidation state changes that occur during the transformations. Correlations between these different chemical changes are identified using a Non‐negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) approach. These identify reduced order chemistry models for the TATB system which contains six components whose concentration profiles are a function of both the temperature and density/pressure. The time histories of these transformations appear to show exponential growth/decay properties that could be fit with Arrhenius rates. These components should form the basis of deflagration rate models for these materials which could then be used in mesoscale simulations to analyze accidental initiation, shock‐to‐detonation and detonation propagation.
ADN Solid Propellants with High Burning Rates as Booster Material for Hypersonic Applications
Authors: Sims Stefan , Fischer Sebastian , Tagliabue Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRAM‐ and SCRAM‐Jet engines can not generate static thrust and only work at high speeds. This starting velocity of the motor v0 is usually generated by carrier rockets or boosters, which mostly use solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). Modern solid propellants based on ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) have significant advantages in terms of environmental compatibility and thermodynamic performance. In the present work, it is shown that the already high burning rate of ADN solid propellants can be more than doubled by means of metallic fibers, which significantly increases the thrust of such engines. In order to achieve such results, 3 wt% of Al−Mg alloy fibers are added to the propellant. A formulation with 3 mm long fibres shows the highest burning rate with 84.0 mm/s at 26.5 MPa. Small scale motor tests confirm these investigations. The burning mechanism is studied by SEM/EDX investigations and by measuring the thermal conductivity. These show that the fibres remain on the burning surface and thus transfer the heat from the flame to the depth of the propellant. The thermal conductivity of samples with AlMg5 fibers is about 22 % higher than the reference.
Firm climate risk, risk management, and bank loan financing
Authors: Huang Henry He , Kerstein Joseph , Wang Chong , Wu Feng (Harry) 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe estimate firm‐level physical risk from climate change based on managerial evaluation and firms' exposure to climate hazard events and find that climate risk results in unfavorable corporate financing terms related to bank loans (higher interest paid, higher likelihood of being required to collateralize the loan, and greater number of covenant constraints). Firms that take measures aimed at managing climate risk, including corporate climate strategy, board‐level governance, specific or integrated process to cope with climate change, climate opportunities, and climate policy involvement, are able to mitigate the negative impact of climate risk on loan contracting. We further find that higher climate risk level is associated with inferior financial performance and higher default probability, which potentially lead to more stringent loan terms.Managerial SummaryWe examine how a firm's exposure to climate risk affects its financing terms from bank loans. Climate risk exposure is assessed by firm managers and also reflects the degree to which the firm is subject to climate‐induced natural disasters. The results show that if exposed to higher climate risk, which hurts financial performance and heightens default likelihood, firms face higher interest rates and more stringent collateral and covenant constraints when borrowing from banks. Nevertheless, firm managers could significantly mitigate this adverse climate impact on loan financing by integrating climate change into business strategy, having the board take direct responsibility for climate change issues, establishing a climate change‐focused risk management process, seeking business opportunities from climate change, and engaging in activities that influence climate policies.
Single‐Step‐Lithography Micro‐Stepper Based on Frictional Contact and Chiral Metamaterial
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Martínez Julio Andrés Iglesias , Ulliac Gwenn , Wang Bing , Wu Linzhi , Moughames Johnny , Raschetti Marina , Laude Vincent , Kadic Muamer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStepper motors and actuators are among the main constituents of control motion devices. They are complex multibody systems with rather large overall volume due to their multifunctional parts and elaborate technological assembly processes. Miniaturization of individual parts is still posing assembly problems. In this paper, a single‐step lithography process to fabricate a micro‐stepper engine with an accurate micrometric rotation axis and an overall sub‐millimeter size is demonstrated. The device is based on the frictional contacts and chiral metamaterials to get rid of the dependence on the accuracy of parts. The functional aspects of fabricated samples are discussed for many rotation cycles and for different frictional surfaces.
Toward the Controlled Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Metal Clusters Enabled by Downsizing Crystalline Porous Organic Cage Supports
Authors: Zhu Liying , Zhang Suyun , Yang Xin‐Chun , Zhuang Qiang , Sun Jian‐Ke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe controlled synthesis of subnanometer‐sized metal clusters (MCs) presents a fascinating prospect for the research of size‐dependent properties. In this study, a facile approach by employing porous racemic organic cage crystals as supports for immobilizing a broad range of noble MCs (e.g., Ru, Ir, Rh) is reported. Downsizing the support to the nanoscale leads to resultant MCs with precisely controlled sizes < 0.7 nm. Such enhanced stabilization ability is a result of enhanced metal–support interactions as well as the nanoconfinement of organic cages in controlling the growth of MCs. Moreover, the obtained MCs display excellent catalytic performance in a series of liquid‐phase reactions owing to a decrease in the diffusion resistance from the substrate to MCs immobilized by the nano‐sized cage support.
Effect of cadmium administration on the antioxidant system and neuronal death in the hippocampus of rats
Authors: Treviño Samuel , Pulido Guadalupe , Fuentes Estefania , Handal‐Silva Anabella , Moreno‐Rodríguez Albino , Venegas Berenice , Flores Gonzalo , Guevara Jorge , Díaz Alfonso 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal classified as a carcinogen whose exposure could affect the function of the central nervous system. Studies suggest that Cd modifies neuronal morphology in the hippocampus and affects cognitive tasks. The oxidative stress pathway is proposed as a mechanism of toxicity. However, this mechanism is not precise yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cd administration on oxidative stress markers in the male rat's hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were divided into (1) control (drinking water) and (2) treatment with Cd (32.5 ppm of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in water). The Cd was administered for 2, 3, and 4 months. The results show that the oral administration of CdCl2 increased the concentration of Cd in plasma and hippocampus, and this response is time‐dependent on its administration. Likewise, it caused an increase in lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress markers.Moreover, it increased reactive astrogliosis and antioxidant enzyme activity. Consequently, the progression of the oxidative response exacerbated neurodegeneration in hippocampal cells. Our results suggest that Cd exposure induces a severe oxidative response that contributes critically to hippocampal neurodegeneration. It is suggested that exposure to Cd increases the risk of developing neurological diseases, which contributes to a decrease in the quality of life of the human and the environment in which it lives.
Network search algorithms and scoring functions for advanced‐level computerized synthesis planning
Authors: Grzybowski Bartosz A. , Badowski Tomasz , Molga Karol , Szymkuć Sara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 2020, a “hybrid” expert‐AI computer program called Chematica (a.k.a. Synthia) was shown to autonomously plan multistep syntheses of complex natural products, which remain outside the reach of purely data‐driven AI programs. The ability to plan at this level of chemical sophistication has been attributed mainly to the superior quality of Chematica's reactions rules. However, rules alone are not sufficient for advanced synthetic planning which also requires appropriately crafted algorithms with which to intelligently navigate the enormous networks of synthetic possibilities, score the synthetic positions encountered, and rank the pathways identified. Chematica's algorithms are distinct from prêt‐à‐porter algorithmic solutions and are product of multiple rounds of improvements, against target structures of increasing complexity. Since descriptions of these improvements have been scattered among several of our prior publications, the aim of the current Review is to narrate the development process in a more comprehensive manner.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Quantum Computing > Algorithms
“Don't drop the patient:” Health information in a postpandemic world
Authors: Hesse Bradford W. , Aronoff‐Spencer Eliah , Ahern David K. , Mullett Timothy W. , Gibbons Chris , Chih Ming‐Yuan , Hubenko Alexandra , Koop Barbara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBuilding on technological advances and existing currents of a healthcare system in flux, the COVID‐19 pandemic has brought about perhaps the most rapid transformation in human health and healthcare seen in our times. Even as new opportunities such as telemedicine, remote care, and rapid precision health practices are poised to improve access and care for populations, the increasing sophistication of this transformation has brought with it new levels of complexity, fragmentation, and silos. The singular outcome of this system is the vast number of novel ways for miscommunication, loss of information in transition, and breakdowns in the cognitive continuity of care. We refer to these failure modes as “dropping the patient” and adopt a mantra of “don't drop the patient” which examines our emerging health system in the context of patient‐centered continuity. In this light, we investigate bright spots and pitfalls, and we offer insights from Human Factors Engineering, Human Centered Design, and Human System Integration, which provide tools and methods to codesign and codevelop continuous and resilient services that are inclusive, sustainable, and effective.
A method for quantifying sporulation efficiency and isolating meiotic progeny in non‐GMO strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sirr Amy , Timour Martin S. , Cromie Gareth A. , Tang Michelle , Dudley Aimée M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMeiotic mapping, a linkage‐based method for analyzing the recombinant progeny of a cross, has long been a cornerstone of genetic research. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful system because it is possible to isolate and cultivate the four products (spores) of a single meiotic event. However, the throughput of this process has historically been limited by the process of identifying tetrads in a heterogeneous population of vegetative cells, tetrads, and dyads followed by manual separation (dissection) of the spores contained in a tetrad. To date, methods that facilitate high throughput characterization and isolation of meiotic progeny have relied on genetic engineering. Here, we characterize the ability of the fluorescent dye DiBAC4(5) to stain yeast tetrads and dyads as well as to adhere to spores following bulk tetrad disruption. Applications include quantitative assays of sporulation rates and efficiency by flow cytometry as well as enrichment of intact tetrads, dyads, or disrupted spores by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting in strains that have not been genetically modified.
The Way Forward: A Practical Guideline for Successful Digital Transformation
Authors: Parmiggiani Elena , Mikalef Patrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents key lessons learned and implications for practice resulting from the analysis of the empirical cases included in this book. We map emerging themes across five layers: unit or project, organization, organization ecosystem, ethical and environmental sustainability, and society. We identify two emerging trends: the co-evolution of organizational forms and new technologies and the fact that digital transformation increasingly happens on the organizational ecosystem level. This has consequences in terms of increased data work, new work processes, and the need to actively engage with sustainability policies. We highlight the need for a focus on the long-term effects of digital transformation initiatives with attention to their ripple effects over time.
Komorbidität und Funktionalität – Determinanten oder Ausdruck des individuellen biologischen Alters
Authors: Bauer Jürgen M. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungZum einen prädisponiert die Organalterung einschließlich der aus ihr resultierenden Funktionseinbußen im höheren Lebenslater für das Auftreten von akuten und chronischen Erkrankungen. Zum anderen ist der Einfluss individueller Komorbiditäten auf die Funktionalität im Alter stärker als in jüngeren Jahren ausgeprägt. Dabei gilt es zu berücksichtigen, dass dieser je nach dem vorliegenden Erkrankungsspektrum und dem Schweregrad der einzelnen Erkankungen sehr unterschiedlich ausgesprägt ist. Komorbidität und Funktionalität durchdringen sich somit wechselseitig. Sie haben damit beide wenstlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung des individuellen biologischen Alters. Es gilt nun für die biologisch-medizinische Forschung herauszufinden, welche Ansätze es jenseits der Behandlung der individuellen Komorbiditäten zukünftig vermögen werden, den Verlauf der Funktionalität im Alter günstig zu beeinflussen. Bislang sind hier körperliches Training und eine optimierte Ernährung als Standards anzusehen. Ob neue medikamentöse Ansätze die an sie gestellten Erwartungen erfüllen können, müssen zukünftige Studien zeigen.
Das Altern somatischer Stammzellen und Zuckerstoffwechsel
Authors: Poisa-Beiro Laura , Ho Anthony D 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungWas ist die Verbindung zwischen Blutstammzelle und gesundes Altern? Zeitlebens sorgen die Blutstammzellen (BSZ) im Knochenmark dafür, die Regeneration gesunder Blutkörperchen zu gewährleisten. Dabei ist eine geordnete Ausreifung der BSZ in Granulozyten, Lymphozyten und Erythrozyten von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Unsere Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die alternden Blutstammzellen (BSZ) durch einen erhöhten Zuckerstoffwechsel und vermehrte Genveränderungen gekennzeichnet sind. Ferner haben wir festgestellt, dass nur ein kleiner Anteil der alternden BSZ einen erhöhten Zuckerstoffwechsel aufweisen und eben dieser Anteil den Alterungsprozess vorantreibt. Diese „Seneszenz-Zellen“ im Knochenmark nehmen mit dem Alter kontinuierlich zu und verursachen eine Störung der geordneten Ausreifung der BSZ. Durch Eingriffe in die Stoffwechselwege dieser „Seneszenz-Zellen“ können wir sie eliminieren, und somit wahrscheinlich eine „Verjüngung“ des Knochenmarks erzielen.