bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About the number of oriented Hamiltonian paths and cycles in tournaments
Authors: El Sahili Amine , Ghazo Hanna Zeina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe prove that a tournament and its converse contain the same number of oriented Hamiltonian paths and the same number of oriented Hamiltonian cycles, of any given type, as a generalization of Rosenfeld's result proved for antidirected paths.
Pancreatic Cystic Lesions on MRI: What Is The Likelihood of a Present or Future Diagnosis of Pancreatic Carcinoma?
Authors: Alwahbi Omar , Larocque Natasha , Kulkarni Ameya , Gopee‐Ramanan Prasaanthan (Prasa) , Ghumman Zonia , Sarkar Rahul , Kagoma Yoan K. , Alabousi Abdullah , Tsai Scott , Wat Josephine , McInnes Matthew , van der Pol Christian B. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are followed for years due to older and likely biased works demonstrating a strong association with pancreatic carcinoma; more recent data are needed clarifying this relationship.PurposeTo determine the association between PCLs on MRI and a synchronous or future diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.Study typeSingle‐center retrospective cohort.PopulationA total of 192 patients (111 female, 58%) with median age 66 years (range 26–87 years) with PCLs on abdominal MRI from 2011 to 2016.Field Strength/Sequences1.5 T and 3 T, including T2WI, T1WI, diffusion weighted imaging and contrast‐enhanced T1WI.AssessmentEach PCL was reviewed independently by 2 of 10 fellowship‐trained abdominal radiologists. Fukuoka guideline worrisome features and high‐risk stigmata were evaluated. Follow‐up imaging and clinical notes were reviewed within a system that captures pancreatic carcinoma for the region, for a median follow‐up of 67 months (interquartile range: 43–88 months).Statistical TestsPancreatic carcinoma prevalence and incidence rate for future carcinoma with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Fisher exact test, logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test were used to assess PCL morphologic features with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test used to assess for normality. P < 0.05 defined statistical significance.ResultsThe prevalence of pancreatic carcinoma on initial MRI showing a PCL was 2.4% (95% CI: 0.9%, 5.2%). Thickened/enhancing cyst wall was associated with pancreatic carcinoma, OR 52 (95% CI: 4.5, 1203). Of 189 patients with a PCL but without pancreatic carcinoma at the time of initial MRI, one developed high‐grade dysplasia and none developed invasive carcinoma for an incidence rate of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.02, 5.43) and 0 (95% CI: 0, 3.59) cases per 1000 person‐years, respectively.Data ConclusionA low percentage of patients with a PCL on MRI had a pancreatic carcinoma at the time of initial evaluation and none developed carcinoma over a median 67 months of follow‐up.Evidence Level3Technical Efficacy5
Adjustment of extreme wind speed in regional climate downscaling over southwestern South Atlantic
Authors: da Silva Natália Pillar , Crespo Natália Machado , Kaufmann Clarisse Lacerda Gomes , Lima José Antônio Moreira , Andrioni Marcelo , de Camargo Ricardo , da Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we estimated near‐surface wind speed 100‐year return values over the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean, using present‐day (1979–2018) simulations from the regional climate models (RCMs) WRF and RegCM4. Extreme wind events, associated with hazardous conditions over coastal and oceanic areas, must be well represented in numerical models for risk assessment, and few studies focused on the added value offered by RCMs to wind extremes. Events were selected with the peaks‐over‐threshold method and extremes were calculated by fitting peaks to a generalized Pareto distribution. For the assessment of model performance, we used the satellite‐based dataset from the Cross‐Calibrated Multi Platform (CCMP), which has great agreement with in situ observations. While modern reanalysis underestimated higher wind speed quantiles, the CCMP was able to represent these quantiles. Dynamical downscaling with the WRF (RegCM4) indicates an underestimation (overestimation) of wind speed for upper quantiles. To mitigate the effects of these differences in the extreme value estimate, we applied a linear adjustment in the simulated wind speed using the CCMP as reference. This application reduced the bias for higher wind speeds in simulations for all regions, except over the coastal area near Argentina and Uruguay, where downscaling already realistically represents extreme events. The spatial distribution of the simulated extremes is compatible with previous results based on reanalysis and satellite data, although with finer‐scale structure, especially over the southern South Atlantic, a region frequently affected by cyclone occurrence and extreme near‐surface winds. The extreme wind speed maps estimated for 100 years reflect these conditions with values reaching around 30 m·s−1 in the area, even after the wind adjustment. Besides, the fine‐scale features aggregate important new information related to extreme winds in the region, which is a relevant added value in the study of return values estimates.
Homogenization of Swedish mean monthly temperature series 1860–2021
Authors: Joelsson L. Magnus T. , Engström Erik , Kjellström Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Swedish monthly average 2 m temperature observational data set is homogenized with a new automated version of the homogenization tool HOMogenizaton softwarE in R. Data from 836 individual time series (1860–2021) are merged into 456 time series with a novel automatic merging method. Merging limits the need of interpolation of data and increase the number of long time series without a net loss of data. Twenty‐two of the merged time series were found to be homogeneous. For the other time series, the median time per break‐point is 17 years. 37% of the detected break‐points are supported in meta data. 42% of the data are corrected by ±0.5°C or less, 3% by ±1°C or more. On average corrections are negative, larger in the early periods, and larger in the summertime. The average trend 1860–2021 in the resulting merged and homogenized data set is (0.13 ± 0.03)°C decade, which does not significantly differ from that of the raw observational data. Extremely warm months, defined as being outside of three times the standard deviation from the average of the full time series, are most frequent and extremely cold months least frequent in the most recent 30‐year period (1991–2020). In the homogenized data set, extremely warm months are even more frequent and extremely cold months even less frequent in 1991–2020, than in the raw observational data set.
The effects of epiphytic microbiota and chemical composition of Italian ryegrass harvested at different growth stages on silage fermentation
Authors: Yin Xuejing , Zhao Jie , Wang Siran , Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Shao Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe influence of epiphytic microbiota and chemical composition on fermentation quality and microbial community of Italian ryegrass silage was evaluated. Italian ryegrass harvested at the filling stage (FS) and the dough stage (DS) was sterilized by gamma‐ray irradiation and inoculated as follows: (I) FS epiphytic microbiota + irradiated FS (FF); (II) FS epiphytic microbiota + irradiated DS (FD); (III) DS epiphytic microbiota + irradiated DS (DD); (IV) DS epiphytic microbiota + irradiated FS (DF).RESULTSAfter 60 days of ensiling, silage made from irradiated FS had a lower pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) content and a higher lactic acid (LA) content than that made from irradiated DS. Similarly, silage inoculated with the epiphytic microbiota of DS had a lower pH and NH3‐N content and a higher LA content than that inoculated with the epiphytic microbiota of FS. However, LA‐type fermentation (lactic acid:acetic acid > 2:1) was presented at DF and DD. The principal coordinates analysis showed that the distance between FF and DF and FD and DD was closer than other treatments, suggesting that the microbial community of silages made from irradiated FS (or DS) was more similar.CONCLUSIONThe epiphytic microbiota played a more important role in the fermentation type, whereas the chemical composition had a great influence on the contents of fermentation end‐products. However, chemical composition had a stronger effect on the microbial community of silage than the epiphytic microbiota. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Selective corrosion of cast nickel–aluminum bronze in seawater
Authors: Zheng Jian , Liu Ranran , Ning Lingling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on a failure analysis of cut‐off valves, this study investigated the selective corrosion behavior of cast nickel–aluminum bronze (NAB) by an immersion corrosion test and explained it with energy dispersive spectroscopy and microanalysis. Fracture analysis and finite element numerical simulation results showed that the joints of valve discs and seal rings were corroded first. Cast NAB contains α, β, and κ phases with different chemical compositions. Chemical component segregation is the fundamental reason for the difference in corrosion potential in seawater. After the ferric chloride immersion corrosion test, the corrosion cracks appeared at the grain boundary between the α phase and κ phase. Galvanic corrosion cells are formed at the phase boundary, and cracks and corrosion occur preferentially at the grain boundary.
Parkinsonism in Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: von Scheibler Emma N.M.M. , van Eeghen Agnies M. , de Koning Tom J. , Kuijf Mark L. , Zinkstok Janneke R. , Müller Annelieke R. , van Amelsvoort Thérèse A.M.J. , Boot Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith advances in clinical genetic testing, associations between genetic neurodevelopmental disorders and parkinsonism are increasingly recognized. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of reports on parkinsonism in genetic neurodevelopmental disorders and summarize findings related to genetic diagnosis, clinical features and proposed disease mechanisms.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed and Embase on June 15, 2021. Search terms for parkinsonism and genetic neurodevelopmental disorders, using generic terms and the Human Phenotype Ontology, were combined. Study characteristics and descriptive data were extracted from the articles using a modified version of the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group's data extraction template. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020191035).ResultsThe literature search yielded 208 reports for data‐extraction, describing 69 genetic disorders in 422 patients. The five most reported from most to least frequent were: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration, Down syndrome, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, and Rett syndrome. Notable findings were an almost equal male to female ratio, an early median age of motor onset (26 years old) and rigidity being more common than rest tremor. Results of dopaminergic imaging and response to antiparkinsonian medication often supported the neurodegenerative nature of parkinsonism. Moreover, neuropathology results showed neuronal loss in the majority of cases. Proposed disease mechanisms included aberrant mitochondrial function and disruptions in neurotransmitter metabolism, endosomal trafficking, and the autophagic‐lysosomal and ubiquitin‐proteasome system.ConclusionParkinsonism has been reported in many GNDs. Findings from this study may provide clues for further research and improve management of patients with GNDs and/or parkinsonism.
Influence mechanisms of drug safety: Government regulation and corporate social responsibility perspectives
Authors: Wan Anxia , Zhao Xuan , Sheng Xin , Peng Benhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn view of the current status of government regulation (GR) failure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) deficiency of medicines in China, studies on the influence mechanism of drug safety are needed. In the paper, we design a questionnaire to survey the GR and CSR of drug safety in China. Structural equation model (SEM) based on the questionnaire outcomes is performed to evaluate the multivariate relationships among GR, CSR, and drug safety. The role of extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing the level of drug safety is elaborated. The results illustrate that GR has a direct impact on drug safety.
Resource utilization and multidisciplinary care needs for patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Jones Jordan T. , Black William R. , Cogan Wendy , Callen Elisabeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEhlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) represents a family of heritable connective tissue disorders with overlapping phenotypic features, frequently including joint hypermobility, tissue fragility, and skin hyperextensibility. Comorbid symptoms are common for patients with EDS and include multiple body systems marked by neurologic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal issues, chronic pain, headaches, and anxiety and depression. The many comorbidities lead to high disease burden, which requires greater healthcare utilization.MethodsThis survey of families examines healthcare utilization, of adults and minors, through evaluation of subspecialty care appointments across many healthcare systems in one region.ResultsThere were 155 adults and 83 minors with a diagnosis of EDS with a total of 693 unique visits across 27 different specialties at over 20 different hospitals or clinics in the surveyed area. Cardiology, neurology, and gastroenterology were the most utilized subspecialties for adults, while rheumatology, cardiology, and neurology were most utilized by minors. Many respondents (67%) reported their medical care needs are not being met, and 87% reported interest in a multidisciplinary clinic for EDS with the most interest in pain management, physical and occupational therapy, and rheumatology.ConclusionUnderstanding healthcare utilization and needs of those with EDS can provide the foundation for improved care for those with EDS through a coordinated multidisciplinary care model.
Enrichment of hepatic glycogen and plasma glucose from H₂18O informs gluconeogenic and indirect pathway fluxes in naturally feeding mice
Authors: Coelho Margarida , Mahar Rohit , Belew Getachew D. , Torres Alejandra , Barosa Cristina , Cabral Fernando , Viegas Ivan , Gastaldelli Amalia , Mendes Vera M. , Manadas Bruno , Jones John G. , Merritt Matthew E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeuterated water (2H2O) is a widely used tracer of carbohydrate biosynthesis in both preclinical and clinical settings, but the significant kinetic isotope effects (KIE) of 2H can distort metabolic information and mediate toxicity. 18O‐water (H218O) has no significant KIE and is incorporated into specific carbohydrate oxygens via well‐defined mechanisms, but to date it has not been evaluated in any animal model. Mice were given H218O during overnight feeding and 18O‐enrichments of liver glycogen, triglyceride glycerol (TG), and blood glucose were quantified by 13C NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). Enrichment of oxygens 5 and 6 relative to body water informed indirect pathway contributions from the Krebs cycle and triose phosphate sources. Compared with mice fed normal chow (NC), mice whose NC was supplemented with a fructose/glucose mix (i.e., a high sugar [HS] diet) had significantly higher indirect pathway contributions from triose phosphate sources, consistent with fructose glycogenesis. Blood glucose and liver TG 18O‐enrichments were quantified by MS. Blood glucose 18O‐enrichment was significantly higher for HS versus NC mice and was consistent with gluconeogenic fructose metabolism. TG 18O‐enrichment was extensive for both NC and HS mice, indicating a high turnover of liver triglyceride, independent of diet. Thus H218O informs hepatic carbohydrate biosynthesis in similar detail to 2H2O but without KIE‐associated risks.
History of scurvy and use of vitamin C in critical illness: A narrative review
Authors: Dresen Ellen , Lee Zheng‐Yii , Hill Aileen , Notz Quirin , Patel Jayshil J. , Stoppe Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 1747, an important milestone in the history of clinical research was set, as the Scottish surgeon James Lind conducted the first randomized controlled trial. Lind was interested in scurvy, a severe vitamin C deficiency which caused the death of thousands of British seamen. He found that a dietary intervention with oranges and lemons, which are rich in vitamin C by nature, was effective to recover from scurvy. Because of its antioxidative properties and involvement in many biochemical processes, the essential micronutrient vitamin C plays a key role in the human biology. Moreover, the use of vitamin C in critical illness—a condition also resulting in death of thousands in the 21st century—has gained increasing interest, as it may restore vascular responsiveness to vasoactive agents, ameliorate microcirculatory blood flow, preserve endothelial barriers, augment bacterial defense, and prevent apoptosis. Because of its redox potential and powerful antioxidant capacity, vitamin C represents an inexpensive and safe antioxidant, with the potential to modify the inflammatory cascade and improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. This narrative review aims to update and provide an overview on the role of vitamin C in the human biology and in critically ill patients, and to summarize current evidence on the use of vitamin C in diverse populations of critically ill patients, in specific focusing on patients with sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019.
Load migration in distributed softwarized network controllers
Authors: Abbasi Zadeh Sepehr , Zandi Farid , Beiruti Mohammad Amin , Ganjali Yashar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDistributed control solutions were introduced to address controller reliability and scalability issues in software‐defined networking (SDN). The dynamic nature of network traffic can lead to load imbalance among controller instances. A highly loaded controller instance can be slow in responding to datapath queries and can slow down the entire control platform, as state synchronization and consensus among controller instances are performed in a cooperative manner. In this paper, we present Efficient, Resilient, Consistent (ERC), a novel protocol for migrating the load of a given switch from a controller instance to a different instance. Our protocol has three distinguishing properties compared with prior works in this area: (1) It is resilient to failures during migration, (2) it maintains consistency among all controller instances, and nevertheless, (3) it is more efficient than existing load migration protocols. Compared with state‐of‐the‐art, ERC reduces the migration time by 23–50% depending on network load. The implicit assumed use case in the design of previous load migration algorithms (including ERC) has been the load balancing scenario. However, as this is not the only possible case, by maintaining the desirable properties of ERC, we introduce four variants of our protocol that can add to the versatility of the load migration handling. This is achieved by considering variations of role exchange between controller instances, which gives us an advantage over the fixed master–slave exchange that vanilla ERC or previous work support. We perform an extensive set of experiments to examine the impact of variable network parameters on the performance metrics of interest and to show the effectiveness of the ERC family of protocols in load migration.
Quantifying weight loss program preferences of men working in trade and labor occupations: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Crane Melissa M. , Walton Surrey M. , Suzuki Sumihiro , Appelhans Bradley M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveMen who work in skilled and unskilled trades and labor occupations (i.e., blue‐collar occupations), have high rates of obesity and associated comorbidities but are underrepresented in weight loss programs. A first step in engaging this group is to better understand their preferences for weight loss programs.MethodsRespondents were men working in trade and labor occupations, with overweight/obesity, and an interest in losing weight. A discrete choice experiment was developed, and the data were analyzed using mixed logit model. Respondent characteristics were tested as effect modifiers.ResultsRespondents (N = 221, age (M ± SD) 45.0 ± 12.6, BMI 33.3 ± 6.3, 77% non‐Hispanic white) working in a variety of occupations (construction 31%, manufacturing 30%, transportation 25%, maintenance/repair 14%) participated in this study. Results indicate preferences for programs that encourage making smaller dietary changes, are delivered online, and do not incorporate competition. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses and most respondent groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest specific ways to make weight loss programs more appealing to men in trade and labor occupations. Using experimental methods to quantify preferences using larger, more representative samples would further assist in tailoring behavioral weight loss programs for under‐reached populations.
Clinical features and neurological outcomes in pediatric immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A report from a large pediatric hematology center
Authors: Graciaa Sara , Adeagbo Segun , Fong Grace , Rollins Margo , McElfresh Patricia , Zerra Patricia E. , Bennett Carolyn , Josephson Cassandra D. , Briones Michael , Fasano Ross M. , Chonat Satheesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially life‐threatening disorder characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and severely reduced or absent ADAMTS13 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13) activity, with varying degrees of organ dysfunction. As TTP is rare in pediatrics, most of the medical and scientific literature has largely reported on adult patients. As a result, limited data exist regarding the clinical features, comorbidities, treatment response, and long‐term outcomes in pediatric patients with immune‐mediated TTP.MethodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study was conducted of all children and adolescents presenting to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, between the years 2001 and 2021 with immune‐mediated TTP (iTTP). Clinical features, treatments, and outcomes, including long‐term neurocognitive function, were analyzed.ResultsEighteen individuals were identified, six of whom had a total of 10 relapses, amounting to 28 episodes overall. Thirty‐eight percent of the patients experienced exacerbations but, ultimately, 85% achieved a clinical response and clinical remission. Only one in‐hospital death occurred (mortality rate 5.5%). Seventy‐three percent of analyzed patients demonstrated long‐term neurocognitive abnormalities, including cognitive delay, learning difficulties, and severe depression.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents recovering from iTTP are at high risk for neurocognitive deficits from initial and possibly ongoing microvascular disease. Due to risk for long‐term neurological deficits, we recommend neuropsychological testing in addition to monitoring of other organ functions in all children with TTP, as well as long‐term surveillance of ADAMTS13 activity during remission to detect and promptly treat early relapse.