bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving Average Control Chart for Generalized Poisson Distribution
Authors: Suvimol P , Chananet C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aim to propose a moving average control chart explicit formula based on the Generalized Poisson distribution (MAGP
) and to compare the performance of the MAGP
control chart with that of the Shewhart control chart (CGP
). The average run length (ARL) is used to consider the performance. The ARL results indicated that the MAGP
control chart is superior to the CGP
control chart based on the Generalized Poisson distribution for detecting small shifts. Practitioners will find this explicit formula to be accurate as well as simple to apply and use.
Multilayer Structures under Non-Stationary Loading: Prediction of Damages and Further Operation Possibility
Authors: Korotunova O , Mastynovsky Yu , Shyshkanova G , Mizerna O , Nechyporenko N , Zaytseva T , Frydman O , Shcherbyna O 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mathematical model of the complex interaction of composite structures elements is developed. A half-strip composed of two various materials is considered as a case of the composite structure. For each layer the dynamic equations of the theory of elasticity are used. An impact-impulse load is applied at the end of the structure. During the complex interaction, the conjugation of layers is carried out by conditions that ensure joint deformation, slipping (with friction) or absence of contact. The area and the contact type are determined during the solving process. This approach requires the construction of the special numerical algorithm which allows to change the boundary conditions during the calculation depending on the fulfilment of the strength criterion. The problem is solved numerically using method of characteristics. The propagation of elastic waves in the two-layer half-strip is studied. The wave field characteristics are determined in the calculated point of the layer at a given time. The calculation results are analysed in order to identify areas of the contact surface that are most prone to damage. The geometric and mechanical parameters influence on the behaviour of the structure is studied.
Contribution of Pulsars to the AMS-02 Positron Excess
Authors: Liang Ruixing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper we tested the pulsar interpretation of positron excess, measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02), by using the list of objects from the Australian National Telescope Facility pulsar catalog (ATNF catalog). We take into account in the calculation the energy losses that cosmic rays encounter when propagating through the Galaxy and we included the secondary positrons which are produced through the collision of cosmic rays against the atoms of the interstellar space. We firstly hypothesized the possibility of a single pulsar contributing to the positron flux. We consider for this case Geminga since it is near and very powerful. Geminga alone can fit very well the data with a spectral index of 1.8 and an efficiency of 70%. It is however unrealistic that only one pulsar contributes to the AMS-02 positron data. Therefore, we decide to find among all pulsars in the ATNF catalog the top 20 pulsars that contributed to the flux on Earth. We then calculated the total positron flux of these pulsars and found it to fit the AMS-02 data very well at efficiencies between 30~70%. We came to a conclusion that the pulsars are viable interpretations of the positron excess that the AMS-02 detected.
Measurement of scintillation response of CsI[Na] to low-energy nuclear recoils by COHERENT
Authors: Akimov D. , An P. , Awe C. , Barbeau P.S. , Becker B. , Belov V. , Bernardi I. , Blackston M.A. , Bock C. , Bolozdynya A. , Browning J. , Cabrera-Palmer B. , Chernyak D. , Conley E. , Daughhetee J. , Detwiler J. , Ding K. , Durand M.R. , Efremenko Y. , Elliott S.R. , Fabris L. , Febbraro M. , Gallo Rosso A. , Galindo-Uribarri A. , Green M.P. , Heath M.R. , Hedges S. , Hoang D. , Hughes M. , Johnson T. , Khromov A. , Konovalov A. , Kozlova E. , Kumpan A. , Li L. , Link J.M. , Liu J. , Mann K. , Markoff D.M. , Mastroberti J. , Melikyan Y.A. , Mueller P.E. , Newby J. , Parno D.S. , Penttila S.I. , Pershey D. , Rapp R. , Ray H. , Raybern J. , Razuvaeva O. , Reyna D. , Rich G.C. , Ross J. , Rudik D. , Runge J. , Salvat D.J. , Salyapongse A.M. , Scholberg K. , Shakirov A. , Simakov G. , Sinev G. , Snow W.M. , Sosnovtsev V. , Suh B. , Tayloe R. , Tellez-Giron-Flores K. , Tolstukhin I. , Ujah E. , Vanderwerp J. , Varner R.L. , Virtue C.J. , Visser G. , Wongjirad T. , Yen Y.-R. , Yoo J. , Yu C.-H. , Zettlemoyer J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present results of several measurements of CsI[Na]
scintillation response to 3–60 keV energy nuclear recoils
performed by the COHERENT collaboration using tagged neutron elastic
scattering experiments and an endpoint technique. Earlier results,
used to estimate the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
(CEvNS) event rate for the first observation of this process
achieved by COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), have
been reassessed. We discuss corrections for the identified
systematic effects and update the respective uncertainty values. The
impact of updated results on future precision tests of CEvNS is
estimated. We scrutinize potential systematic effects that could
affect each measurement. In particular we confirm the response of
the H11934-200 Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube (PMT) used for the
measurements presented in this study to be linear in the relevant
signal scale region.
Determination of impact ionization parameters for low gain avalanche detectors produced by HPK
Authors: Howard A. , Cindro V. , Hiti B. , Kramberger G. , Kljun Ž. , Mandić I. , Mikuž M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A set of unirradiated Low Gain Avalanche Detectors from Hamamatsu Photonics from the HGTD prototype 2 run for the upgrade of experiments at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider were used to determine the impact ionization parameters for silicon, particularly in the electric field range of ∼30 V/μm which is of interest for LGADs. The parameters' dependence on temperature was also determined. Their validity on irradiated sensors up to 2.5·1015 cm-2 was also tested and found to be acceptable at low biases but further work should be done to determine the dependence on fluence.
Elevation-dependent temperature response in early Eocene using paleoclimate model experiment
Authors: Kad Pratik , Blau Manuel Tobias , Ha Kyung-Ja , Zhu Jiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mountains become warmer with elevation in response to greenhouse gas warming, an effect known as elevation-dependent warming. The Eocene is considered a replica of the future climate in an epoch with high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2). Therefore, the topographic features of the Eocene strata are of interest. However, obtaining proxy data for mountain regions during the Eocene hothouse is challenging. Paleoclimate model simulation is an effective tool for exploring past climate change. Therefore, we conducted sensitivity experiment simulations employing the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 forced by proxy-estimated CO2 levels. This is the first Eocene study demonstrating the elevation-dependent temperature changes and illustrated using the surface energy budget decomposition. Here five major mountain ranges have been chosen based on their paleogeographic continental location. We found a nonlinear response of elevation-dependent temperature change to CO2 concentrations regulated by seasonal variations. The radiative and non-radiative feedback compensation is responsible for the elevation-dependency temperature changes. Our results suggest temperature perturbations regulate elevation-dependent changes in skin temperature through a combination of feedback under greenhouse warming in the early Eocene. These findings also show future paradox response exhibiting elevation-dependent cooling overall mountain regions due to lower elevation warming.
A System Dynamics Model for Developing an Agropolitan Area based on Laying Hens in Lima Puluh Kota Regency
Authors: Yuzaria Dwi , Nuraini  , Rahmi Elfi , Rias Muhammad Ikhsan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of an agropolitan area based on laying hens in Lima Puluh Kota Regency faces many problems. One method that can be used to solve these complex problems is the systems approach. This study aimed to build a model for developing a sustainable agropolitan area based on integrated laying hens farming. The results of the system performance indicated that the current system is in a fairly sustainable position. The dynamics of time will make changes in system performance in the future. There are six factors that influence the interdependent system, namely carrying capacity, egg prices, farmer income, employment, infrastructure, and utilization of livestock waste. Based on the state of each factor, three scenarios were formulated for the development of a sustainable laying hens farming system in Lima Puluh Kota Regency: (1) conservative-pessimistic scenario, (2) moderate-optimistic scenario, and (3) progressive-optimistic scenario.
Influence of calcium macronutrient on tip burn occurrence in hydroponically cultivated lettuces
Authors: Yap M Y , Lim M W , Brendan L K W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tip burn in hydroponics lettuce is an undesirable phenomenon identified by necrotic breakdown of marginal tissue of leaves. A deep-water culture hydroponics system was designed to determine the effect of increasing nutritional calcium concentration and varying nutritional calcium sources in alleviating the tip burn development for the hydroponics growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Lettuces was cultivated separately in an untreated fish wastewater (150mg/L) and four treated fish wastewaters with calcium addition by calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate to concentrations of 250 and 350mg/L respectively. Increasing calcium concentration from 150 to 350mg/L demonstrated not only an increase in tip burn incidence by 33.33% (calcium carbonate) and 50% (calcium hydroxide), but a slower plant growth in comparison with lettuces cultivated at 150mg/L. Besides, lettuces treated by calcium carbonate has greater leaf calcium concentrations by 48.17% at constant calcium concentration, attributed to its high solubility to release more Ca2+ ions in fish wastewater for plant adsorption. Results suggest that the addition of calcium carbonate to fish wastewater for hydroponics cultivation is more suitable for reducing the tip burn occurrence and growth inhibition at concentrations up to 150mg/L.
Biofuel production via catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil using sulfonated activated carbon supported La/Ce bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Naji S Z , Tye C T , Mohamed A R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of waste cooking oil (WCO) in the production of biofuel as a renewable, clean, and environmentally friendly fuel is of great interest because it reduces the WCO related pollution issues and promote circular economy. In this project, biofuel material production via catalytic cracking of WCO over sulfonated activated carbon supported La/Ce bimetallic catalysts has been investigated. Details of the reaction results and catalyst used are analysed and discussed. The results showed that pre-treatment of the activated carbon with 20% sulfuric acid improved the hydrocarbon content in the product stream by 34% in comparison with the pristine activated carbon catalyst. The conversion has been further improved by using a sulfonated activated carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst.
Response surface optimisation of biodiesel synthesis using biomass derived green heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Wong W-Y , Lim S , Pang Y-L , Lim C-H , Pua F-L , Pua G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although homogeneous alkali-catalysed transesterification is the typical process used in biodiesel production, it caused complications in downstream separation processes and an oversupply of glycerol as a by-product. The present work studied the synthesis of a novel sulfonated biomass-derived solid acid catalyst and its application in biodiesel production via interesterification of oleic acid. Solid acid catalysts were prepared by direct sulfonation via thermal treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid. The design of experiments was conducted via four-factors central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) analysis. The parameters considered for optimisation included carbonisation and sulfonation temperatures, catalyst loading and reaction time, each varied at five levels. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was obtained using optimum parameters as carbonisation temperature of 586 °C, sulfonation temperature of 110 °C, catalyst loading of 10.5 wt.% and reaction time of 7 h was 54.3 % based on the theoretical ester formation. A quadratic mathematical model in RSM was successfully established that can make effective predictions about the anticipated biodiesel yield. This study proved that the low-cost heterogeneous catalyst derived from biomass waste with a simple production route could catalyse the interesterification process under moderate process conditions.
Sustainable Methane Emissions Management
Authors: Hashim H H , Abdul Talip N A , Muhamad Pikri M H , Abu Bakar N A , Wan Zakaria A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Methane is one of the primary and more potent Greenhouse Gas (GHG) with Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 28-36 compared to CO2. In Malaysia, the Energy Sector including Oil and Gas Industry contributes ~20% of GHG emissions out of total GHG emissions as of 2020 majorly from main sources coming from flaring, venting and combustion. Other methane sources, like fugitive emission is currently quantified by high level estimation while from other small intended sources such as compressor seals and pneumatic devices are usually not quantified and reported. Therefore, for PETRONAS to meet stakeholders’ expectations and be on par with other global peers, a comprehensive and sustainable Methane Emissions Management is required to accurately quantify and reduce methane emissions. Methane emissions was calculated based on Scope 1 emissions from gas value chain facilities. In 2020 and 2021, PETRONAS have conducted methane emissions quantification baseline study on LNG, gas processing, gas transmission plants as well as upstream facilities using process information and ground measurement data. Based on the studies, it is proven that about 70-80% methane emissions were from venting, flaring and fugitive emissions. Comprehensive methane emissions will provide a better purview on methane contributions which will facilitate further actions on reductions.
Hydrogen Co-Firing Characteristics in a Single Swirl Burner: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Nurizat , Shahril Norshakina , Yusup Suzana , Shariff Ismail 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen is gaining traction as an energy carrier in the decarbonisation and net-zero-emissions agenda. Because hydrogen is a clean energy carrier, increasing the percentage of hydrogen in natural gas mixtures aids in the decarbonisation initiatives. Hence, the flame characteristics of the natural gas mixtures, together with hydrogen are explored in the current study through a numerical assessment of a single swirl burner (swirl number, SN 0.78) since the said burner is widely used in gas turbine (GT) combustors. The baseline CFD and experimental cases referred to natural gas compositions primarily composed of methane (CH4). The results reveal that the CFD model can effectively represent the swirling component of the flame as seen in the experiment. A 5% hydrogen addition had virtually no effect on the swirling flame structure, as shown by qualitative evaluation of hydroxyl (OH) behaviour and flame temperature in comparison to the baseline methane flame. Despite this, the addition of hydrogen has increased the OH radical pool during combustion, causing a small change in flame temperature. Overall, the novelty of the current research is the opportunity to fire 5% hydrogen in a CH4-dominated GT combustor without any major retrofitting operations, as the study discovered that 5% hydrogen in a pure CH4 stream has a minor affect. However, more research is needed to properly capture the flame structure and strain for assessing transient-related phenomena like flashback and blow off by increasing the hydrogen proportion and using a higher accuracy turbulence model.
Performance Analysis of Neural Network Architecture in Developing Real-Time Malaysian River Water Quality Model
Authors: Djarum D H , Ahmad Z , Zhang J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
According to the world health organization, 485,000 people died each year due to water-related health diseases which are mainly contributed by poor river water quality. As a result, water quality monitoring stations have been deployed across the world. Unfortunately, due to the complex nature of the off-site water quality parameters, the water quality index (WQI) cannot be assessed in real-time. This has led to a significant push for the scientific community to develop an accurate and robust water quality prediction model. The dynamic and nonlinear nature of water quality parameters are major challenges for traditional machine learning algorithms such as multi linear regression to capture. In this study, the water quality index prediction model was developed using the feedforward artificial neural network (FANN) algorithms utilizing only on-site parameters. The performance of different nonlinear activation functions in the hidden neurons was thoroughly analysed which includes rectified linear unit (ReLU), scaled exponential linear unit (SELU), and exponential linear unit (ELU). Additionally, various initialization and optimization algorithms were also evaluated for maximum performance and efficiency. The results shows that FANN-ELU model coupled with Glorot initialization technique and AdaGrad optimizer outperformed other model combinations with an R2 value of 0.88 and mean squared error (MSE) value of 22.74.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from microalgae for potential photocatalytic dye removal
Authors: Teh H Y , Lam M K , Suparmaniam U , Chai Y H , Lim J W , Kiew P L , Tan I S , Chin B L F , Lau J S Y 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with excellent optical and electronic properties is gaining significant attention by researchers for wastewater treatment. In recent years, the production of AgNPs has shifted towards green synthesis approach by using bio-reducing agent (e.g. plant extract). In this study, live cells Chlorella vulgaris were used as the bio-reducing agent to produce AgNPs from precursor (silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution). Two process parameters were investigated, namely incubation time and pH. The results affirmed that the optimum synthesis condition of AgNPs was at 24 hr incubation time and pH 8.4 in the mixture of live cells microalgae and 3 mM AgNO3 (3:1 v/v). The synthesized AgNPs showed Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) peak at 412.5 nm with absorption maxima of 0.81 a.u. as indicated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The synthesized AgNPs had shown 80.7% of photocatalytic dye degradation in 5 mg/L MB solution and 32.1% in 25 mg/L MB solution within 9 hr of incubation time. The dye removal rate with the addition of AgNPs was 1.2 times faster in 5 mg/L MB solution and was 3.5 times faster in 25 mg/L MB solution as compared to control set.
Oil palm residue as precursors for low transition temperature mixture extracted lignin
Authors: Wong J L , Khaerudini D S , Hocking R K , Chew J J , Sunarso J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lignin is a complex biopolymer in lignocellulosic biomass. It is a promising feedstock for producing various products, including chemicals and biofuels. Lignin extraction can be achieved via different routes such as organosolv, acid, alkaline, ionic liquids (ILs), and low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs). LTTM is attractive for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, more straightforward synthesis procedure, lower precursor price, and toxicity than the aforementioned options. In this work, we report the use of an LTTM made from a combination of sucrose-malic acid-water (SMAW) to harvest lignin from four oil palm residues (i.e. empty fruit bunch (EFB), trunk (OPT), mesocarp fibre (MSF), and kernel shell (PKS)). There is still a knowledge gap on the applicability of SMAW to extract lignin from different oil palm residues. Limited studies have examined the properties of the SMAW-extracted lignin, particularly the lignin purity and thermal behaviour. Our results indicated SMAW as a sustainable LTTM solvent for lignin extraction for these four oil palm residues. EFB harvested the highest SMAW LTTM-extracted lignin yield of 27.23% with a lignin purity of 74.93%. TGA curves and DTG curves implied that the extracted lignin was thermally more reactive than alkaline lignin and served as an attractive precursor for thermochemical conversion processes.
Design of lubricants in electric and hybrid vehicles via computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) technique
Authors: Wong K W , Ng L Y , Lim C H , Ng D K S , Andiappan V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The market of electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs and HEVs) is expanding exponentially in recent years. It serves as a greener solution in the transportation sector as compared to internal combustion engine vehicles’ (ICEVs). Conventional lubricants used for ICEVs are not suitable for the EVs and HEVs as the latter operates on electric motors instead of combustion engines. Performance characteristics such as the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and copper compatibility are not considered by the ICEVs lubricant but are important for the EVs and HEVs. In this research, computer-aided molecular design technique is used to design the lubricant that is compatible with the EVs and HEVs. The lubricant properties considered are thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, viscosity, density, and flash point. Group contribution (GC) property prediction model is utilized to ensure that the desired properties are possessed by the generated lubricant. There are six possible solutions of lubricant being generated and discussed. Other properties such as the electrical conductivity, copper corrosivity etc. are reviewed for future development. Additionally, the advantages and challenges of utilizing GC method in designing EVs and HEVs lubricant are discussed. This research serves as guidance for the comprehensive design of advanced lubricant of EVs and HEVs.
Formulation of Chitosan-Saponin Microbeads using Microfluidic Technology
Authors: Yong J , Koh K S , Wong V L , Lim S S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus caused adverse impact on almost 3.5 million patients locally. Conventional treatment for such disorder includes oral administration of anti-diabetic drugs or herbs supplement. However, the performance of this drugs in regulating blood glucose level is not too reliable due to the occurrence of weight gain, hypoglycaemia and low tolerability as well as structural breakdown of herbal supplements during consumption. In this project, an alternative approach was attempted by immobilising saponin, a known insulin stimulant extracted from plants (e.g. bitter gourd, eggplant or soapbark) onto chitosan beads via microfluidic technology. This technology offers advantages of producing micro-sized droplet with high surface area to volume ratio and minimal coefficient of variation for more accurate dosage. The droplets undergo solidification via cross-linking with NaOH as solvent. These beads are approximately 550 microns with 5.12 % polydispersity in size. The solidified beads were used as carrier for the immobilisation of saponin. This was achieved through altering the surface charge of the microbeads with Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS), a commonly used electrolyte for the surface modification of chitosan before coating saponin onto its surface. Successful adsorption is rectified through FTIR, FESEM and EDX analysis.