bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond descriptive representation: American Indian opposition to federal legislation
Authors: Carlson Kirsten Matoy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study explores how American Indians use interest group strategies to block federal legislation. Unlike other disadvantaged groups, who have influenced public policymaking through descriptive representation, American Indians have turned to interest group strategies to protect their interests in Congress. Using original data collected from American Indian testimony at congressional hearings on 266 bills during five Congresses, this study tests interest group hypotheses about how and when active opposition affects bill enactment. It finds that American Indians can block federal legislation harmful to their interests when they unify against a bill and that members of Congress frequently respond to American Indian opposition by amending bills to alleviate American Indian concerns.
Nematicidal activity of leaf extract ofMoringa oleiferaLam. againstHaemonchus contortusandNacobbus aberrans
Authors: Páez-León S.Y. , Carrillo-Morales M. , Gómez-Rodríguez O. , López-Guillén G. , Castañeda-Ramírez G.S. , Hernández-Núñez E. , Wong-Villarreal A. , Aguilar-Marcelino L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the nematicidal activity of aMoringa oleiferaethyl acetate leaf extract against the eggs and larvae ofHaemonchus contortusandNacobbus aberrans, nematodes of agricultural importance, was evaluated. The experimental design for the evaluation of the effects against both nematodes consisted of eight treatments (n= 4). Distilled water, Tween (4%) and a commercial anthelmintic agent (ivermectin, 5 mg/mL) were used as controls, and for treatments 4–8, the concentrations of the extract were 20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Readings were taken at 12 h and 24 h forN.aberransand 48 h and 72 h forH.contortuspost-treatment under an optical microscope (10× and 40×). The data obtained were analysed by analysis of variance through a completely randomized factorial design using the SAS V9 program. The results show that, forH.contortusegg hatching, 85.88% inhibition was obtained at a concentration of 20 mg/mL at 48 h, while for third-stage larva (L3) mortality, the highest percentage was 68.19% at 1.25 mg/mL at 72 h. In the case ofN.aberrans, the greatest inhibition of egg hatching was 90.69% at 5 mg/mL at 12 h post-treatment, and for larval mortality, it was 100% at 10 mg/mL at 24 h post-treatment. The main major compounds identified by qualitative analysis and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and the minor compounds included phytol, γ-sitosterol and α-tocopheryl acetate. It was demonstrated that the ethyl acetate leaf extract ofM.oleiferaLam. shows great potential for combating agricultural nematodes.
Age and Illness Severity: A Case of Irrelevant Utilities?
Authors: Jølstad Borgar , Juth Niklas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIllness severity is a priority setting criterion in several countries. Age seems to matter when considering severity, but perhaps not small age differences. In the following article we consider Small Differences (SD): small differences in age are not relevant when considering differential illness severity. We show that SD cannot be accommodated within utilitarian, prioritarian or egalitarian theories. Attempting to accommodate SD by postulating a threshold model becomes exceedingly complex and self-defeating. The only way to accommodate SD seems to be to accept some form of relevance view, where some age differences are irrelevant. This view can accommodate SD, but at the expense of consistent priority orderings. Severity thus becomes unsuitable for systematic decision-making. We argue that SD should be dismissed and that we should accept a continuous relationship between severity of illness and age.
The association of bicuspid aortic valve on long-term outcome following one-stage repair of aortic arch obstruction associated with ventricular septal defect
Authors: Rahatianpur Mehrdad , Bakhtiary Farhad , Vázquez-Jiménez Jaime , Dähnert Ingo , Kostelka Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of bicuspid aortic valve on contemporary outcomes, including reoperation rates, after one-stage correction for interrupted aortic arch with ventricular septal defect or for aortic coarctation with hypoplastic aortic arch and ventricular septal defect.Methods:Seventy-four consecutive patients (35 boys, 47% and 39 girls, 53%) with interrupted aortic arch (n = 41, 55%) or aortic coarctation with hypoplastic aortic arch (n = 33, 45%) with ventricular septal defect underwent early one-stage correction. Twenty (27%) patients had bicuspid aortic valve, and the remaining 54 (73%) had a tricuspid aortic valve. The median aortic valve annulus diameter was 6.0 mm (IQR: 2.0). Patients’ median age was 7 ± 29 days (range, 2–150); median weight was 3.3 ± 0.7 kg (range, 1.5–6.0), with 21 (28%) patients <3.0 kg. Selective brain perfusion through the innominate artery and selective coronary perfusion through the aortic root during aortic arch reconstruction were used in all patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results:The early mortality was 1.3%. One premature neonate died in the hospital with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after aortic coarctation plus ventricular septal defect repair. There was no further mortality. Median follow-up was 5.7 years (IQR: 10.48). Reinterventions occurred in 36 (49%) patients: balloon angioplasty in 18 (24%) patients, reoperations in 4 (5%) patients, and both in 14 (19%) patients. A total of 86 follow-up procedures were required in these 36 (49%) patients: aortic valve valvulopasty (n = 6, 8%), stent implantation (n = 8, 11%), balloon dilatation (n = 39, 53%), and reoperation (n = 33, 45%). The median time to reinterventions was 9.094 years (SE 0.890). A potential risk factor for reintervention after interrupted aortic arch and aortic coarctation with ventricular septal defect repair was bicuspid aortic valve (p = 0.019, Chi2(1) = 5.457). In addition, a multivariate Cox analysis with backward selection and significance level <0.015 was applied to all variables that showed significant effects in univariable analyzes. This regression confirmed that bicuspid aortic valve (HR = 0.381, p = .016), and interrupted aortic arch (HR = 0.412, p = 0.043) were predictors of late reintervention. All patients had no obvious neurologic impairment in routine examinations at last follow-up.Conclusion:Bicuspid aortic valve was a significant risk factor for valve-related reintervention after one-stage repair for aortic arch obstruction with ventricular septal defect due to later development of stenosis associated with higher late morbidity and mortality. Particularly neonates with bicuspid aortic valve will possibly require reintervention in the future. Regular lifelong cardiac follow-up is recommended.
L2 French learning by Eritrean refugee speakers of Tigrinya
Authors: Franck Julie , Papadopoulou Despina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study reports data on 47 Tigrinya speaking Eritrean refugees learning French. L2 French proficiency is assessed through the placement test Ev@lang, a standardized grammar test, and fine corpus analyses. Analysis of individual factors shows that, whereas school education, number of years in Switzerland, and French classes attended play no role in proficiency, age penalizes learning and, critically, multilingualism facilitates it. Corpus analyses replicate difficulties commonly reported in the literature with root infinitives, determiner omission and gender errors. Productions also depart from previous reports as we observed a low rate of subject drop, a high rate of gender errors involving animate nouns, and the overuse of the feminine, in line with Tigrinya grammar. Finally, our data provide preliminary evidence of the validity of Ev@lang in assessing French proficiency in refugees, an issue which is becoming critical with the increased role of language skills in European asylum policies.
The Fractal Dimension Suggests Two Chromatin Configurations in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Cancer and Is an Independent Unfavorable Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival
Authors: Mattos Amilcar Castro de , Florindo João Batista , Adam Randall L. , Lorand-Metze Irene , Metze Konradin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExperimental studies have shown that in small cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (SCLC) global opening of the chromatin structure is associated with a higher transcription activity and increase of tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. The study of the fractal characteristics (FD) of nuclear chromatin has been widely used to describe the cell nuclear texture and its changes correspond to changes in nuclear metabolic and transcription activity. Hence, we investigated whether the nuclear fractal dimension could be a prognostic factor in SCLC. Hematoxylin-eosin stained brush cytology slides from 49 patients with SCLC were retrieved from our files. The chromatin (FD) was calculated in digitalized and interactively segmented nuclei using a differential box-counting method. The 3,575 nuclei studied showed a bimodal distribution (peaks at FD1 = 2.115 and FD2 = 2.180). The 75 percentile of the FD was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival when tested together with ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status, tumor extension, and therapy in a multivariate Cox regression. Our study corroborates the concept of two main chromatin configurations in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and that globally more open chromatin indicates a higher risk of metastasis and therefore a shorter survival of the patient.
The Relationship between the Chief Executive Officer’s (CEO) Social Capital and Dynamic Capabilities: A Meta-Analysis of its Moderators
Authors: Durán William Fernando , Aguado David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCEO social capital has shown a positive association with dynamic capabilities, although correlations have considerable heterogeneity among them. This meta-analysis estimates the correlation between CEO social capital and dynamic capabilities, and analyses moderator variables in explaining the heterogeneity in the results. Moderators are classified across four levels from macro to micro variables: country variables, firm environment, firm characteristics, and CEO variables. We apply a systematic search for studies in the Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Additionally, we used a three-level random-effect meta-analysis on 89 correlations published between 2008 and 2021 from 9,272 CEOs. Findings indicate a positive correlation between CEO social capital and dynamic capabilities. Furthermore, we identified a moderator effect in the country and firm environment level. We found that the country of the study, the perception of transparency and legality in the country, and the environmental dynamism in the market moderate the size of the correlations. We also reject other moderators, including the individualism-collectivism national culture, firm size, the sources of social capital (business or political ties), and the dimension of the social capital (structural, relational or cognitive). This study contributes to the exploration of the sources of dynamic capabilities from the micro-foundation, identifies moderator variables that explain the heterogeneity in the results, and highlights the social nature of management activities which always evolve in a social context.
Multisector Dynamics: Advancing the Science of Complex Adaptive Human‐Earth Systems
Authors: Reed Patrick M. , Hadjimichael Antonia , Moss Richard H. , Brelsford Christa , Burleyson Casey D. , Cohen Stuart , Dyreson Ana , Gold David F. , Gupta Rohini S. , Keller Klaus , Konar Megan , Monier Erwan , Morris Jennifer , Srikrishnan Vivek , Voisin Nathalie , Yoon Jim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe field of MultiSector Dynamics (MSD) explores the dynamics and co‐evolutionary pathways of human and Earth systems with a focus on critical goods, services, and amenities delivered to people through interdependent sectors. This commentary lays out core definitions and concepts, identifies MSD science questions in the context of the current state of knowledge, and describes ongoing activities to expand capacities for open science, leverage revolutions in data and computing, and grow and diversify the MSD workforce. Central to our vision is the ambition of advancing the next generation of complex adaptive human‐Earth systems science to better address interconnected risks, increase resilience, and improve sustainability. This will require convergent research and the integration of ideas and methods from multiple disciplines. Understanding the tradeoffs, synergies, and complexities that exist in coupled human‐Earth systems is particularly important in the context of energy transitions and increased future shocks.
Sources, Mechanisms, and Timescales of Sediment Delivery to a New England Salt Marsh
Authors: Baranes H. E. , Woodruff J. D. , Geyer W. R. , Yellen B. C. , Richardson J. B. , Griswold Frances 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe availability and delivery of an external clastic sediment source is a key factor in determining salt marsh resilience to future sea level rise. However, information on sources, mechanisms, and timescales of sediment delivery are lacking, particularly for wave‐protected mesotidal estuaries. Here we show that marine sediment mobilized and delivered during coastal storms is a primary source to the North and South Rivers, a mesotidal bar‐built estuary in a small river system impacted by frequent, moderate‐intensity storms that is typical to New England (United States). On the marsh platform, deposition rates, clastic content, and dilution of fluvially‐sourced contaminated sediment by marine material all increase down‐estuary toward the inlet, consistent with a predominantly marine‐derived sediment source. Marsh clastic deposition rates are also highest in the storm season. We observe that periods of elevated turbidity in channels and over the marsh are concurrent with storm surge and high wave activity offshore, rather than with high river discharge. Flood tide turbidity also exceeds ebb tide turbidity during storm events. Timescales of storm‐driven marine sediment delivery range from 2.5 days to 2 weeks, depending on location within the estuary; therefore the phasing of storm surge and waves with the spring‐neap cycle determines how effectively post‐event suspended sediment is delivered to the marsh platform. This study reveals that sediment supply and the associated resilience of New England mesotidal salt marshes involves the interplay of coastal and estuarine processes, underscoring the importance of looking both up‐ and downstream to identify key drivers of environmental change.
On the Spin‐Up Strategy for Spatial Modeling of Permafrost Dynamics: A Case Study on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Ji Hailong , Nan Zhuotong , Hu Jianan , Zhao Yi , Zhang Yaonan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpin‐up is essential to provide initial conditions for land surface models (LSM) when they cannot be given reliably as in the application to regional permafrost change studies. In this study, the impacts of spin‐up strategy including total spin‐up length and cycling scheme on modeling of permafrost dynamics on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) were evaluated through two groups of experiments using a modified Noah LSM. The first group aims to test different total spin‐up lengths and the second group for different cycling schemes. The results show that the presence of permafrost prolongs the convergence of the model. Vertically, the slowest convergence is observed at the permafrost table. The insufficiency of total spin‐up length is prone to underestimate permafrost area and overestimate the degradation rate. Different cycling schemes considerably affect the resulting initial thermal fields and result in degradation rates with a difference of 3.37 × 103 km2/a on the QTP, which exceeds the difference (2.92 × 103 km2/a) in the degradation rates reported in existing studies. The multi‐year cycling scheme is generally preferred, but overlong cycle length should be avoided to prevent the introduction of climate change trends in the spin‐up period. We recommend a spin‐up strategy of a 500‐year cycling with the first 5‐ to 10‐year of forcing for modeling permafrost on the QTP with the Noah LSM. Our findings highlight the importance of the spin‐up strategy, which is usually neglected in present LSM‐based permafrost modeling studies.
Electroencephalographic studies in growth-restricted and small-for-gestational-age neonates
Authors: Stevenson Nathan J. , Lai Melissa M. , Starkman Hava E. , Colditz Paul B. , Wixey Julie A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Foetal growth restriction (FGR) and being born small for gestational age (SGA) are associated with neurodevelopmental delay. Early diagnosis of neurological damage is difficult in FGR and SGA neonates. Electroencephalography (EEG) has the potential as a tool for the assessment of brain development in FGR/SGA neonates. In this review, we analyse the evidence base on the use of EEG for the assessment of neonates with FGR or SGA. We found consistent findings that FGR/SGA is associated with measurable changes in the EEG that present immediately after birth and persist into childhood. Early manifestations of FGR/SGA in the EEG include changes in spectral power, symmetry/synchrony, sleep–wake cycling, and the continuity of EEG amplitude. Later manifestations of FGR/SGA into infancy and early childhood include changes in spectral power, sleep architecture, and EEG amplitude. FGR/SGA infants had poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes than appropriate for gestational age controls. The EEG has the potential to identify FGR/SGA infants and assess the functional correlates of neurological damage.

Impact

FGR/SGA neonates have significantly different EEG activity compared to AGA neonates.

EEG differences persist into childhood and are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

EEG has the potential for early identification of brain impairment in FGR/SGA neonates.
Personality traits associate with behavioral problems in pet dogs
Authors: Salonen Milla , Mikkola Salla , Hakanen Emma , Sulkama Sini , Puurunen Jenni , Lohi Hannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPersonality traits, especially neuroticism, strongly predict psychopathology. The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) is used as a natural model for psychiatric disorders, but the similarity between dog and human personality and the association between dog personality and unwanted behavioral traits, such as fearfulness, aggressiveness, and impulsivity/inattention, remain unknown. This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) with survey data of 11,360 dogs to examine the associations and correlations between seven personality and ten unwanted behavioral traits. Personality traits included insecurity, energy, training focus, aggressiveness/dominance, human sociability, dog sociability, and perseverance. Unwanted behavioral traits included fearfulness, noise sensitivity, fear of surfaces/heights, separation anxiety, barking, stranger-directed aggression, owner-directed aggression, dog-directed aggression, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and inattention. We first fitted confirmatory factor models for the unwanted behavioral traits and the best model grouped unwanted behaviors into four latent traits: fear-related behavior, fear-aggression, aggression, and impulsivity/inattention and used this structure in the subsequent SEM model. Especially, insecurity, which resembles the human neuroticism trait, was strongly associated with unwanted behavior, paralleling the association between neuroticism and psychopathology. Similarly, training focus, resembling conscientiousness, was negatively related to impulsivity/inattention, and aggressiveness/dominance was associated with aggressive behaviors, resembling associations of conscientiousness and agreeableness with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggression-related psychopathology, respectively. These results indicate that dog personality traits resemble human personality traits, suggesting that their neurological and genetic basis may also be similar and making the dog a suitable animal model for human behavior and psychiatric disorders.
Genetic associations of protein-coding variants in human disease
Authors: Sun Benjamin B. , Kurki Mitja I. , Foley Christopher N. , Mechakra Asma , Chen Chia-Yen , Marshall Eric , Wilk Jemma B. ,   Biogen Biobank Team, Sun Benjamin B. , Ghen Chia-Yen , Marshall Eric , Wilk Jemma B. , Runz Heiko , Chahine Mohamed , Chevalier Philippe , Christé Georges ,   FinnGen, Kurki Mitja I. , Palotie Aarno , Daly Mark J. , Palotie Aarno , Daly Mark J. , Runz Heiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of genetic variants linked to the risk of human disease. However, GWAS have so far remained largely underpowered in relation to identifying associations in the rare and low-frequency allelic spectrum and have lacked the resolution to trace causal mechanisms to underlying genes1. Here we combined whole-exome sequencing in 392,814 UK Biobank participants with imputed genotypes from 260,405 FinnGen participants (653,219 total individuals) to conduct association meta-analyses for 744 disease endpoints across the protein-coding allelic frequency spectrum, bridging the gap between common and rare variant studies. We identified 975 associations, with more than one-third being previously unreported. We demonstrate population-level relevance for mutations previously ascribed to causing single-gene disorders, map GWAS associations to likely causal genes, explain disease mechanisms, and systematically relate disease associations to levels of 117 biomarkers and clinical-stage drug targets. Combining sequencing and genotyping in two population biobanks enabled us to benefit from increased power to detect and explain disease associations, validate findings through replication and propose medical actionability for rare genetic variants. Our study provides a compendium of protein-coding variant associations for future insights into disease biology and drug discovery.