bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of RtcB ligase to monitor self-cleaving ribozyme activity by RNA-seq
Authors: Olzog V. Janett , Freist Lena I. , Goldmann Robin , Fallmann Jörg , Weinberg Christina E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Self-cleaving ribozymes are catalytic RNAs and can be found in all domains of life. They catalyze a site-specific cleavage that results in a 5′ fragment with a 2′,3′ cyclic phosphate (2′,3′ cP) and a 3′ fragment with a 5′ hydroxyl (5′ OH) end. Recently, several strategies to enrich self-cleaving ribozymes by targeted biochemical methods have been introduced by us and others. Here, we develop an alternative strategy in which 5ʹ OH RNAs are specifically ligated by RtcB ligase, which first guanylates the 3′ phosphate of the adapter and then ligates it directly to RNAs with 5′ OH ends. Our results demonstrate that adapter ligation to highly structured ribozyme fragments is much more efficient using the thermostable RtcB ligase from Pyrococcus horikoshii than the broadly applied Escherichia coli enzyme. Moreover, we investigated DNA, RNA and modified RNA adapters for their suitability in RtcB ligation reactions. We used the optimized RtcB-mediated ligation to produce RNA-seq libraries and captured a spiked 3ʹ twister ribozyme fragment from E. coli total RNA. This RNA-seq-based method is applicable to detect ribozyme fragments as well as other cellular RNAs with 5ʹ OH termini from total RNA.
Embrace at the International Ecumenical Youth Meeting in Beirut 2019
Authors: Sonnenberg Ronelle , Nasrallah Rima 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article describes what the International Ecumenical Youth Meeting in Beirut 2019 meant for participants from the Middle East, particularly from Lebanon and how these meanings can be theologically evaluated. Embracing, a term we borrow from Miroslav Volf’s theory, became a crucial concept to describe one of the main meanings. This is further elaborated with the concept symbolic embracement. Furthermore we explain how exploration and commitment play a role in the participation of youth. The theological evaluation leads us to the God who transcends human particularity and plurality.
Praktische Theologie angesichts der ökologischen Krise
Authors: Höger Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article clarifies essential concepts and describes what the actual ecological crisis is about, based on the model of planetary boundaries from Stockholm University. Thereupon it is explained to what an extent the perception of this crisis has increased in statements by the Roman Catholic and Lutheran Churches. How the ecological crisis is mirrored in substantial practical theological publications is demonstrated in an overview on the basis of three pertinent monographs on religious education. Then the focus lies on the resulting task of Education for Sustainable Development and on the question of its potential religious contours. Furthermore, relevant empirical studies on ecological awareness and education are presented.
Allelic dropout in PAH affecting the results of genetic diagnosis in phenylketonuria
Authors: Wang Lin , He Bin , Jin Qiujie , Bai Ruimiao , Yu Wenwen , Qiang Rong , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism. It is mainly caused by a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and frequently diagnosed with Sanger sequencing. To some extent, allelic dropout can explain the inconsistency in genotype and phenotype.

Methods
Three families were evaluated through DNA sequence analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and prenatal diagnosis technologies. The possibility of inconsistency in phenotype and genotype with c.331C>T variant was analysed.

Results
Through pedigree analysis, three mothers carried a homozygous c.331C>T variant, which was a false-positive result. New primers were used, and this error was caused by allelic dropout. In this case, c.158G>A was likely a benign variant.

Conclusions
Sequence variants in primer-binding regions could cause allelic dropout, creating unpredictable errors in genotyping. Our results emphasised the need for careful measures to treat genotype–phenotype inconsistencies.
Pool boiling performance of oxide nanofluid on a downward-facing heating surface
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Hsieh Huai-En , Gao Yuan , Wang Shiqi , Gao Jia , Zhou Zhe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, the pool boiling performance of oxide nanofluid was investigated, the heating surface is a 5 × 30 mm stainless steel heating surface. Three kinds of nanofluids were selected to explore their critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC), which were TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3. We observed that these nanofluids enhanced CHF compared to R·O water, and Al2O3 case has the most significant enhancement (up to 66.7%), furthermore, the HTC was also enhanced. The number of bubbles in nanofluid case was relatively less than that in R·O water case, but the bubbles were much larger. The heating surface was characterized and it was found that there were nano-particles deposited, and surface roughness decreased. The wettability also decreased with the increase in CHF.
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of 4-methoxybenzylidene-based zinc(II) complexes
Authors: Ndiolene Adrienne , Diop Tidiane , Ndiaye Ndiak , Boye Mouhamadou Sembene , Michaud François , DIASSE-SARR Aminata 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two novel zinc(II) complexes containing 4-methoxybenzylidene moieties namely, Zn(L)Cl2 (L = N, N′-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)ethane-1, 2-diamine (1) or N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-ethane-1, 2-diamine (2)) have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.2315(4); b = 12.0449(4); c = 18.2164(7) Å; β = 98.472(4)°, V = 1278.9(4) Å3 and Z = 4. Complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 6.5733 (2), b = 13.6595(5), c = 15.1615(5) Å; β = 101.846(4)°, V = 1332.33(8) Å3 and Z = 4. The environment of each Zn(II) atom is distorted tetrahedral with coordination of two terminal Cl atoms and two N atoms of the N,N′ – bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine (1) or N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine (2) ligand. The stability of the crystalline structure is ensured by the existence of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type C–H…Cl (1) and N–H…Cl (2) leading to supramolecular topologies.
Using the Load-Velocity Profile for Predicting the 1RM of the Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift Exercise
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Marcel , Mann J. Bryan , Berton Ricardo , Alvar Brent A. , Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lopes dos Santos, M, Mann, JB, Berton, R, Alvar, B, Lockie, RG, and Dawes, JJ. Using the load-velocity profile for predicting the 1RM of the hexagonal barbell deadlift exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 220–223, 2023—The aim of this study was to determine whether bar velocity can be used to estimate the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on the hexagonal bar deadlift (HBD). Twenty-two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male ice hockey players (age = 21.0 ± 1.5 years, height = 182.9 ± 7.3 cm, and body mass = 86.2 ± 7.3 kg) completed a progressive loading test using the HBD at maximum intended velocity to determine their 1RM. The mean concentric velocity was measured for each load through a linear position transducer. The a priori alpha level of significance was set at p = 0.05. The mean concentric velocity showed a very strong relationship to %1RM (R
2 = 0.85). A nonsignificant difference and a trivial effect size (ES) were observed between the actual and predicted 1RM (p = 0.90, ES = −0.08). Near-perfect correlations were also discovered between the actual and predicted 1RM (R = 0.93) with low typical error and coefficient of variation (5.11 kg and 2.53%, respectively). This study presented results that add the HBD to the list of exercises with established load-velocity relationships. The predictive ability for 1RM HBD indicates that this is a viable means of prediction of 1RM.
TRPV1-Lineage Somatosensory Fibers Communicate with Taste Neurons in the Mouse Parabrachial Nucleus
Authors: Li Jinrong , Ali Md Sams Sazzad , Lemon Christian H. 
Published: January 2022

Trigeminal neurons convey somatosensory information from craniofacial tissues. In mouse brain, ascending projections from medullary trigeminal neurons arrive at taste neurons in the parabrachial (PB) nucleus, suggesting that taste neurons participate in somatosensory processing. However, the cell types that support this convergence were undefined. Using Cre-directed optogenetics andin vivoneurophysiology in anesthetized mice of both sexes, here we studied whether transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-lineage nociceptive and thermosensory fibers are primary neurons that drive trigeminal circuits reaching PB taste cells. We monitored spiking activity in individual PB neurons during photoexcitation of the terminals of TRPV1-lineage fibers arriving at the dorsal trigeminal nucleus caudalis, which relays orofacial somatosensory messages to the PB area. We also recorded PB neural responses to oral delivery of taste, chemesthetic, and thermal stimuli. We found that optical excitation of TRPV1-lineage fibers elicited responses in traditionally defined taste neurons in lateral PB nuclei. The tuning of neurons across diverse tastes associated with their sensitivity to TRPV1-lineage fiber stimulation, which only sparingly engaged neurons oriented to preferred tastes like sucrose. Moreover, neurons responsive to photostimulation of TRPV1-lineage afferents showed strong responses to temperature including noxious heat, which predominantly excited PB bitter taste cells. Multivariate and machine learning analyses revealed the PB confluence of TRPV1-lineage signals with taste captured sensory valence information shared across aversive gustatory, nociceptive, and thermal stimuli. Our results reveal that TRPV1-lineage fibers, which have defined roles in thermosensation and pain, communicate with PB taste neurons. This multisensory convergence supports dependencies between gustatory and somatosensory hedonic representations in the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe parabrachial (PB) nucleus participates in autonomic and integrative neural processing for diverse sensory modalities. We recently found in mice that trigeminal neurons supplying craniofacial somatosensation project to PB neurons sensitive to tastes. Here, we show that trigeminal projections to PB gustatory cells are driven by a genetic class of thermosensory and nociceptive fiber. Input from these fibers was associated with PB neural sensitivity to aversive oral temperatures and tastes and supported a multimodal neural representation of sensory valence across gustatory, nociceptive, and thermal stimuli. These results reveal gustation and somatosensation to be only components of a larger PB code that captures sensory value. Defining this circuit has implications for understanding the neural representation of taste, temperature, and also pain-related phenomena.
Different values obtained by the FRAP method for the determination of slowly and rapidly reacting phenols
Authors: Soural I. , Švestková P. , Híc P. , Balík J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A number of methods have been applied to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC), including FRAP, which is based on reducing the amount of iron ions in a complex compound. Researchers often use measurement of absorbance 10 min after mixing a sample with the FRAP reaction solution to calculate TAC. The FRAP solution has been shown to alter absorbance over time by ca 0.0010–0.0020 per hour, under storage conditions. This article intends to show that some substances do not fully or sufficiently react within the common analysis period. It is evident from the results that some substances react more quickly and others very slowly. Absorbance in relation to various phenols was measured. Compared to the levels of absorbance at 10 min, mean absorbance at 48 h was higher by 5,395% for vanillin, 426% for caffeic acid, 170% for sinapinic acid, 67% for gallic acid, 19% for syringic acid, and only by 4% for Trolox. Results for vanillin and caffeic acid indicate potential auto-catalysis.
4D evolution of Cr23C6 precipitates in neutron-irradiated and annealed HT-UPS steel observed via synchrotron micro-computed tomography
Authors: Nori Sri Tapaswi , Figueroa Bengoa Alejandro , Thomas Jonova , Hunter James , Kenesei Peter , Park Jun-Sang , Almer Jonathan , Okuniewski Maria A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh-temperature-ultrafine precipitate strengthened (HT-UPS) steel is a potential structural material for advanced nuclear reactors; however, its irradiation response is not well understood. This research provides insight into irradiation-induced effects, such as precipitate evolution mechanisms and four-dimensional morphological evolution, in HT-UPS steel using synchrotron micro-computed tomography. Identical specimens were characterized pre-irradiation and post-irradiation following neutron exposure up to 0.3 displacements per atom at 600 °C. Irradiation effects were also differentiated from the annealing response of precipitates. Following neutron irradiation, the average Cr23C6 precipitate size reduced, affected by the synergy of nucleation and growth, ballistic dissolution, and inverse coarsening, which was observed at fluences an order of magnitude lower than previously observed. Annealing at 600 °C for 32 h increased the average Cr23C6 precipitate size and decreased the phase fraction, attributed to precipitate coarsening. The precipitate morphology evolution and resultant mechanisms can be utilized to parameterize and validate microstructural models simulating radiation damage or annealing.
Graphical abstract
Deep learning for recommender systems: A Netflix case study
Authors: Steck Harald , Baltrunas Linas , Elahi Ehtsham , Liang Dawen , Raimond Yves , Basilico Justin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeep learning has profoundly impacted many areas of machine learning. However, it took a while for its impact to be felt in the field of recommender systems. In this article, we outline some of the challenges encountered and lessons learned in using deep learning for recommender systems at Netflix. We first provide an overview of the various recommendation tasks on the Netflix service. We found that different model architectures excel at different tasks. Even though many deep‐learning models can be understood as extensions of existing (simple) recommendation algorithms, we initially did not observe significant improvements in performance over well‐tuned non‐deep‐learning approaches. Only when we added numerous features of heterogeneous types to the input data, deep‐learning models did start to shine in our setting. We also observed that deep‐learning methods can exacerbate the problem of offline–online metric (mis‐)alignment. After addressing these challenges, deep learning has ultimately resulted in large improvements to our recommendations as measured by both offline and online metrics. On the practical side, integrating deep‐learning toolboxes in our system has made it faster and easier to implement and experiment with both deep‐learning and non‐deep‐learning approaches for various recommendation tasks. We conclude this article by summarizing our take‐aways that may generalize to other applications beyond Netflix.
Micronutrient deficiency in menstrual dysfunction among women of reproductive age
Authors: Sandakova Е. А. , Zhukovskaya I. G. 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To determine whether inorganic menstrual dysfunction (MD) is associated with magnesium, iron and vitamin D deficiency in women of reproductive age.
Materials and methods. The study group I consisted of 50 women with MD: dysmenorrhea (16 women), oligomenorrhea (12 women), functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (3 patients) and acyclic abnormal uterine bleeding (19 women), the comparison group II was composed of 30 patients with normal menstrual function. The methods of study included history taking using a questionnaire to detect the signs of magnesium deficiency, physical examination, echography of pelvic organs, full blood count, blood tests to determine the concentration of magnesium, vitamin D and ferritin as well as consulting a therapeutist.
Results. Magnesium deficiency was registered significantly more often in patients with MD (93.0 3.6 %, 73.0 8.1 %, respectively; p 0.05). The most typical signs of magnesium deficiency were the central symptoms: headache (58.0 7.1 %, 22.0 7.6 %; p 0.001), irritability (53.0 7.1 %, 26.0 8.0 %; p 0.01), dyssomnia (45.0 7.0 %, 17.0 6.9 %; p 0.01), dizziness (42.5 7.0 %, 22.0 7.6 %; p 0.05), a decrease in libido (34.0 6.7 %, 13.0 6.1 %; p 0.05), as well as trophic disturbances including hair loss (38.0 6.9 %, 13.0 6.9 %; p 0.01). Similar findings were obtained when we studied the iron supply: the frequency of latent iron deficiency (according to ferritin concentration) was 77.0 5.9 and 35.7 8.4 % respectively; p 0.001. Deficiency or insufficient supply of 25(ОH)D was registered significantly more often in women with MD in comparison with healthy women (45.0 7.0 %, 20.0 7.3 %; p 0.05).
Conclusions. In summary, determination of the level of micronutrients and adequate compensation of their deficiency can be important factors in physiological correction of endocrine imbalance leading to functional disorders in the reproductive system and a decrease in fertility.
Comparison of structured interactive lecture (SIL) and flipped classroom method (FCM) in learning ophthalmology topics among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Prabha Padma B , Jyothi P T  
Published: January 2022

Structured interactive lectures (SIL) and Flipped classroom methods (FCM) are newer teaching learning methods which utilise pedagogical way of teaching. This study intends to compare efficacy of both methods in the understanding of ophthalmology topics among undergraduate novice. To compare the effectiveness in learning, conduct of classes and perception of students regarding both methods.: Quasi experimental study. Duration – 6 months. Population- 6 sem students, sample size – 45 in each group. Three topics selected (of varying complexities) and taught by SIL and FCM method. Pretest and posttest were conducted to assess the knowledge acquired. Feedback regarding the conduct of both sessions were taken in Likert’s scale. Perception comparing both techniques were also evaluated. Difference between pretest scores were not significant. Difference between pretest and posttest scores were significant. SIL is better than FCM for undergraduate students posted for the first time in ophthalmology department. The students were enthusiastic with both methods. FCM was prefered by the students for motivation, subject retention, topic simplification and subject interest. The students narratives are discussed. Structured interactive lectures are better for improving knowledge. Flipped classrooms kept students active. A hybrid method maybe more effective. Long term followup is needed to evaluate recall and performance in exams.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices of research among faculties in medical college
Authors: Bhatt Jalpa K 
Published: January 2022

Medical research aims to advance knowledge, skills, and professionalism. Lack of research could lead to the demise of the profession as a viable discipline. Research orientation is a concept that incorporates four subscales and provides insight into faculties' overall perception of research. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding research and to identify barriers for research among medical faculty. Our study is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study covering 110 faculties of medical college. Data collection was done through the Edmonton research orientation survey (EROS), a pre-validated tool. EROS questionnaire consists of 50 questions in two sections –the first section containing demographic variables (12 questions) and the second section (consist of 38 items) asks the respondents to rate on a five-point Likert’s scale. A high response rate (90.9%) was achieved. Sixty-five percent of respondents achieved an overall medium EROS score and 33% of respondents achieved a high EROS score (mean Eros score 132.3+21.7) indicating high research orientation. Respondents showed high subscale scores: valuing research (63%) and being at the leading edge of the profession (66%). While involvement in research (47%) and evidence-based practice (53%) scored lower. The study highlighted important barriers like lack of time, skills and support. The results suggest that although faculties value research they engage less in carrying out and applying research. The positive research orientation provides an opportunity for the profession to use the available potential to increase research output.
The 2021 Middle East agenda of U.S. media
Authors: Koshkin Pavel 
Published: January 2022

The escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict has been testing the Biden administration since May 2021, with exposing the current Middle East agenda of U.S. media and its impact on Biden’s and democrats’ reputation. Despite the fact that the press has a certain, if restricted, influence on politics, intuitively, journalists come up with understanding of public opinion on Biden. This article deals with the problem of the U.S. president’s publicity through the lens of the current media discourse, with author relying on the descriptive method, discourse analysis and content analysis of materials in American mainstream media such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall-Street Journal, The Los Angeles Times, Politico, Newsweek and Time. In conclusion, the author assumes that – alongside with the problems of inflation, economic crisis and the pandemic – the coverage of the recent Arab-Israeli escalation in the U.S. press has an additional negative impact on Biden’s reputation and his odds of winning the 2024 future election.
Revitalizing Strategic Agility in a Turbulent Environment: A Conceptual Discourse
Authors: Godwin Poi, , Sorbarikor Lebura 
Published: January 2022

This paper conceptually examined revitalizing strategic agility in a turbulent environment. In the current turbulent and highly competitive environment of today, agility, that is the ability of organizations to quickly sense and respond to environmental changes, is an important determinant of organizational success. With the advancement of information technologies, company strategy focuses nowadays on sustainable competitive advantage, and gives importance to short-term advantages of flexibility and fast response. In the unpredictable and competitive world of today, organizations must have different competitive features to compete; otherwise, they will move towards annihilation. One of the capabilities that organizations need in the turbulent environments of today is agility. Strategic agility is the ability to continuously and adequately adjust and adapt in appropriate time the strategic direction in core business in relation to changing circumstances. Agility provides the organization with the possibility of quick response and compatibility with environment and allows the organization to improve its efficiency. The paper is largely conceptual in nature and adopts a desk research methodology in reviewing extant literature. This study concludes that firms operating in dynamic environments must realize the need for change and adaptation and thereby stimulate their in developing agility that can better respond to a dynamic environment.