bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum complements and immunoglobulin profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: An observational study at a teaching hospital
Authors: Rana Ranjan Singh , Naik Bitan , Yadav Mahima , Singh Usha , Singh Anup , Singh Shailja 
Published: February 2022

Context:
Serum complement proteins and autoantibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Abnormalities in various immunoglobulin levels are described in patients of SLE.

Aims:
To study the spectrum of clinical manifestations and measure the serum levels of complement C3, complement C4, autoantibodies and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in patients of SLE and compare with healthy controls.

Settings and Design:
The present study is a prospective hospital-based observational study conducted between May 2014 and December 2018.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Unpaired t-test was used to compare the mean values between the SLE patients and healthy controls.

Material and Methods:
A total of 100 cases of SLE and 100 healthy controls were included in the study. The clinical data were retrieved. Serum antinuclear antibody, anti-ds DNA antibody, and anti-Smith antibody levels, and complements C3, C4 and IgG were measured.

Results:
Arthritis (89%) and anaemia (65%) were two common clinical presentations. The low complement C3 levels and C4 were detected in 64 and 62% of the SLE patients. Serum IgG was increased in 41% of the patients. A reduced level of IgG was detected in 6% of the patients.

Conclusion:
Primary care physicians should be aware of the clinical and serological manifestations of SLE as early detection will reduce end-organ damage. Autoantibody testing and complement testing should be done in all suspected cases. This study showed a significantly reduced C3 and C4 and elevated IgG in many cases of SLE as compared to control. Hypogammaglobulinemia was also present in a minority of the cases.
Relationship between Sense of Coherence and Knowledge on Early Childhood Caries Among Pregnant Women in Bangalore Rural and Urban District
Authors: Krishnan Gopika , Dhananjaya G. 
Published: February 2022

Context:
Sense of coherence (SOC), as stated, is a global orientation that views life as comprehensible, structural, manageable, and coherent. Pregnancy is considered as a crucial time period where an individual experiences increased stress and apprehension which could indirectly affect the child's Quality of Life. Hence, it is important to assess the SOC during this phase of life.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the SOC and knowledge about early childhood caries (ECC) among pregnant women and to correlate SOC, level of education, and oral health status of the pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women. The oral health status of the pregnant women was assessed using ICDAS II index and the education status of the participants was also obtained.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison. Mann–Whitney U-test and Pearson's correlations were done to compare the variables between urban and rural population. Simple linear regression analysis and binary logistic regression were done to determine if SOC varied with change in other variables.

Results:
The mean SOC among rural and urban population were 33.64 and 41.01, respectively. It was seen that urban pregnant women had more knowledge regarding ECC and less Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) as compared to rural pregnant women. There was an inverse relation of knowledge on ECC and SOC with DMFT among urban and rural pregnant women and a direct correlation between knowledge on ECC and SOC with education.

Conclusions:
This study concludes that SOC and knowledge on ECC are low among rural pregnant women. Furthermore, the SOC correlates with the level of education and oral health status of pregnant women in urban and rural districts of Bangalore, Karnataka.
Assessment of Oral Health Care Practices and Smokeless Tobacco Habit Among Adults in Odisha
Authors: Mahapatra Shilpa , Chaly Preetha Elizabeth , Mohapatra Smruti Chandan 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Tobacco chewing is an ancient habit dating back to more than 2000 years. Since then, it has spread with remarkable rapidity, seeping into all sections of the society.

Aim:
The study was carried out to compare the oral health care practices among the tobacco chewers and nonchewers and to record the tobacco chewing habit among the tobacco chewers of Khordha city, Odisha.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2015 to August 2015, among 25–64 years old patients attending the dental out-patient department of Gopabandhu Khordha District Headquarter Hospital. The study sample of 512 subjects (256 tobacco chewers and 256 nonchewers), who were age and sex matched, were then interviewed regarding their oral hygiene practices and tobacco chewing habit using a closed-ended questionnaire, derived from the National Youth Tobacco Survey Questionnaire, 2012 and the WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults, 2013. Data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test. The significance level was set atP≤ 0.05.

Results:
All the study subjects had people at home who had the habit of chewing some or the other form of tobacco. Most (73.4%) of the tobacco chewers felt that tobacco chewing probably makes young people look cool or fit in their peer group. Furthermore, 72.2% never saw a warning label on a smokeless tobacco product and 95.3% never had family or friends talk to them about not using any type of tobacco product. However, 87.1% were willing to quit this habit if proper guidance was provided.

Conclusion:
Tobacco chewing is a socially and culturally acceptable habit in Khordha city, Odisha. Awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco chewing among the users was very low, emphasizing the need to educate and promote awareness about smokeless tobacco products.
Efficacy of Ozone Oil Compared with Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel (1% w/w) for the Treatment of Gingivitis
Authors: Bulani Mahima B. , Shetiya Sahana Hegde , Agarwal Deepti 
Published: February 2022

Background:Ozone oil has both antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of ozone oil with chlorhexidine gluconate 1.0% w/w gel for the treatment of gingivitis.Methods:A triple-blind, controlled trial with parallel design was conducted for 28 days as a pilot study. Thirty participants aged 14–17 years were recruited. After baseline data collection involving gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI), the products were distributed, scaling of teeth was done, and oral hygiene instructions were given. The participants were asked to apply the gel and oil topically and followed up on days 7 and 28.Results:A statistically significant difference (P< 0.01) was seen within the ozone and chlorhexidine groups at the end of 28 days, showing a reduction in the plaque and gingival scores. At day 28, the reduction in plaque and gingival score was significant for the chlorhexidine group. It was found that chlorhexidine gel showed a greater reduction in the clinical parameters than the ozone oil, which was statistically significant but clinically similar. Both the products showed a substantial reduction in plaque scores. The participants from both the groups showed an improvement, having mild gingivitis post intervention.Conclusion:Ozone oil showed a significant reduction in the clinical parameters of PI and GI similar to chlorhexidine gel, thereby signifying its antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effects on the gingival tissues without any adverse effects, implicating the possession of properties required by a chemotherapeutic agent.
Impact of Oral Frailty on General Frailty in Geriatric Population
Authors: Ayoob Aneesa Karuthora , Neelamana Sandhya Kizhakke , Janakiram Chandrashekar 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Oral health is believed to be an important component of aging and frailty. Poor oral health is highly prevalent among older adults and has been linked to general health and chronic diseases including different components of frailty. Literature previous evidence has demonstrated a strong link between self-reported oral health and nutrition.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to find the current impacts of oral frailty on general frailty in geriatric population.

Sources of Evidence:
A systematic search was conducted in one electronic bibliographic database (PubMed) to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. Sources included different types of information such as practice guidelines, reviews, and quantitative and qualitative research.

Charting Methods:
Pie charts, sunburst, and tree map were used.

Results:
The searches from the databases hit a total of 8697 records (PubMed: 180) that led to a total of 180 titles and abstracts that were screened after the removal of duplicates. We retrieved a total of 55 full-text articles from our different libraries. Six records were excluded with full text. The full-text screening stage led to 49 potential articles relevant to our scoping review. A total of 49 articles (39 quantitative and 3 qualitative studies, 6 reviews, and 1 Practice guidelines) were included in our final analysis. Maximum studies were found in Asia (44.8%), Europe (22.4%), and North America (14.2%) of the articles related to Oral frailty on General frailty. The included articles used a variety of terminology to describe physical and oral Frailty. The prevalence of physical frailty ranged from 1.5% to 66.6% and oral frailty ranged from 4.1% to 63.7%.

Conclusions:
Oral frailty is a crucial aspect of general frailty. More cohort studies need to establish a causal relationship between oral and physical frailty. Medical–dental collaboration is inadequate and should be improved in geriatric medicine.
A Study to assess the impact of an ongoing capacity building program for nursing staff on augmentation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of the trainees at Program Study Centre (PSC), Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Alvi Saima , Arora Tanvi , Srivastava Ankita 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The Government of India had notified Department of Hospital Administration (DoHA), Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) as Program Study Center (PSC) to provide comprehensive training to selected candidates for Bridge Program on Certificate in Community Health Nursing. To fulfill a commitment, to assess the effectiveness of the assigned program, the PSC: DoHA, SGPGIMS endeavored to create a reliable, valid, and accurate assessment of program decisions and outcomes.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of an ongoing capacity building program for nursing staff on augmentation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of the trainees at PSC, SGPGIMS, Lucknow.

Objectives:

Methodology:
Interventional study.

Results:
Preintervention score: Knowledge – 68.5%, Attitude – 75.2%, Practice – 44.65%. Postintervention score: Knowledge – 86.846%, Attitude – 82.4%, and Practice – 51.15%. Increase: Knowledge – 18.346%, Attitude – 7.2%, and Practice-6.5%.

Conclusion:
The training program was successful in achieving a significant improvement in trainees' knowledge and awareness regarding delivery of comprehensive primary care services which was reflected as improvement and change in their attitude. The performance was better in the postinterventional phase as compared to preintervention. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to sustain the present and provide occasions for further improvement in the knowledge and skills to health-care providers as a measure for continuous quality improvement.
A study on low-cost model of hospital pharmacy at a government healthcare teaching institute, as a feedforward measure of control
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Kushwaha Ruchi , Gupta Rakesh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
There are very few government institutes that have “Hospital Supply Chain Management” of drugs and medicines, surgical goods, vendor-managed inventory, and outsourcing of patient care and services. Instead, they continue to have traditional Store and Purchase and Accounts departments and have often failed to appreciate the power of “Business Process Re-engineering.” The traditional Store and Purchase and Accounts departments are not able to encounter the new age “Challenges and Opportunities” and are entirely dependent on funds from the government to procure medicines and consumables.

Methodology:
A prospective analytical study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2021 at Hospital Pharmacy at a Government Healthcare Teaching Institute, wherein frequently prescribed antibiotics, whose multidrug resistance-associated protein was very high and patient needs to procure from outside medical stores were procured directly from the pharma companies through the rate contracts instead of local vendors. Further, these antibiotics were kept at hospital pharmacy for sale by applying minimal surcharges up to maximum of 10% of the purchased price and patients were requested to procure from it rather than outside pharmacy.

Results:
Over the duration of 4 months, it was observed that revenue generated per month for the hospital pharmacy was between INR 8000/- and 14,000/- but at the same time, there was a remarkable reduction in out-of-pocket expenditure (OOE) of the patient, between INR 63,000/- and 2 Lakhs and there was more satisfaction among patients.

Conclusions:
Based on the results, it can be safely concluded that it is the need of the hour for the government-funded hospitals to make a shift from the conventional system of procurement to this self-sustainable model of procurement. It will not only enable the hospital to be financially independent by reducing the need for budgetary support from the government but will also reduce the OOE of the patients leading to more satisfaction among them.
Local Infiltration Analgesia Improves Functional Outcome after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vig Varun , Sud Ajaydeep , Singh Chandermohan , Thakur Kamparsh 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be associated with severe postoperative pain, which requires prolonged hospital stay to provide effective analgesia. Increasing postoperative pain is associated with increased hospital stays and readmissions, lower patient satisfaction, longer time to rehabilitation and physiotherapy milestones and diminished range of motion (ROM).

Purpose:
This randomized controlled trial compared the functional outcome following the use of local infiltration analgesia (LIA) with combined spinal epidural analgesia (CSEA) versus CSEA alone in patients undergoing primary unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee.

Methods:
Between December 2017 and June 2019, a total of 30 patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were included in the study. The patients were randomized into two groups, 15 patients each. Patients in Group A were administered LIA intraoperatively while patients in Group B were not. Both groups were given CSEA as their primary modality of anesthesia. Primary outcome was ROM of knee on 1st, 5th, and 14th postoperative days. Secondary outcomes were pain assessment using visual analog scale score on 6th, 24th, and 48th h postsurgery, total opioid consumption in 1st 48 h, and duration of hospital stay.

Results:
Mean ROM at 1st, 5th and 14th day was significantly higher in Group A compared to Group B (P < 0.05 for all). Mean pain score at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h was significantly higher in Group B compared to Group A (P < 0.05 for all). Mean total opioid consumption was significantly higher in Group B (455.20 ± 38.84 g) compared to Group A (325.73 ± 50.18 g) (P < 0.001). Mean duration of hospital stay was significantly higher in Group B (7.07 ± 0.96 days) compared to Group A (5.73 ± 0.59 days) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
LIA provides significant pain relief in the early postoperative period and hence is associated with higher patient satisfaction. LIA also allows early and improved pain-free ROM at knee and contributes to achieving rehabilitation milestones earlier. It significantly reduces opioid requirement and thus reducing opioid-related side-effects.
Differential Incidence of Malaria in Neighboring Villages in a High-Transmission Setting of Southern Mali
Authors: Fofana Bakary , Takala-Harrison Shannon , Ouattara Amed , Sagara Issaka , Togo Amadou H. , Diakité Hamadoun , Keita Mohamed , Sanogo Kassim , Touré Sekou , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Djimde Abdoulaye A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Throughout a phase IIIb/IV efficacy study of repeated treatment with four artemisinin-based combination therapies, significant heterogeneity was found in the number of clinical episodes experienced by individuals during the 2-year follow-up. Several factors, including host, parasite, and environmental factors, may contribute to the differential malaria incidence. We aimed to identify risk factors of malaria incidence in the context of a longitudinal study of the efficacy of different artemisinin-based combination therapy regimens in Bougoula-Hameau, a high-transmission setting in Mali. Risk factors including age, residence, and treatment regimen were compared among individuals experiencing eight or more clinical episodes of malaria (“high-incidence group”) and individuals experiencing up to three clinical episodes (“low-incidence group”). Consistent with the known association between age and malaria risk in high-transmission settings, individuals in the high incidence group were significantly younger than individuals in the low-risk group (mean age, 7.0 years versus 10.6 years, respectively; t-test, P < 0.0001). Compared with individuals receiving artemether-lumefantrine, those receiving artesunate-amodiaquine had greater odds of being in the high-incidence group (odds ratio [OR], 2.24; 95% CI, 1.03 – 4.83, P = 0.041), while individuals receiving dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine had a lower odds of being in high incidence group (OR: 0.30, 95% CI, 0.11–0.85; P = 0.024). Individuals residing in the forested areas of Sokourani and Karamogobougou had significantly greater odds of being in the high-incidence group compared with individuals residing in the semi-urban area of Bougoula-Hameau 1 (Karamogobougou: OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.46–9.31; P = 0.0059; Sokourani: OR, 11.46; 95% CI, 4.49–29.2; P < 0.0001). This study highlights the importance of fine-mapping malaria risks even at sub-district levels for targeted and customized interventions.
Gender access to microfinance banks’ credit and profitablity of cassava production in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anene H.U. , Orebiyi J.S. , Oguoma N.N.O. , Gbolagun A.O. 
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the gender inequalities in accessing microfinance credit for profitable cassava production in Imo State,Nigeria. Two-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents comprising 60 male and 60 female cassava farming households. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data such as age, marital status, educational level, years of operating an account, savings in the bank, cooperative membership, collateral provision, amount of credit demanded and obtained by the farmers, as well as, costs of farm inputs and revenue of cassava output. Descriptive statistics, net income model and t-test statistics were used to achieve the objectives. The mean amount of credit obtained for female and male cassava farmers was N252,272.73 and N199,137.93 which was 80% and 76% of the amount of credit demanded respectively with the t-cal value of 0.021 less than t-crit.(5%). The farmers’ net margins were N941,537.89 and N889,304.24 for female and male farmers respectively with t-cal value of 0.00138 less than t-crit.(5%). As evident from the analysis, gender of the farmers does not significantly influence their credit access and profitability in cassava production. Regression analyses showed that years of operating account, saving in bank and membership of cooperatives significantly influenced the amount of loan accessed by both gender. Cassava farmers of both gender are therefore encouraged to operate functional accounts with microfinance banks for a reasonable length of time, maintain substantial savings with the bank and form and/or join existing farmers’ cooperatives to increase their access to microfinance credit and improve profitability of cassava production
Biometry and inventory of scorpions in the Algerian Northwest
Authors: Touati Khadidja , Taibi Ahmed Reda , Sadine Salah Eddine , Mediouni Mohammed Rida , LABBACI Madani , Ameur Ameur Abdelkader , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil 
Published: February 2022

The present study consists in making an inventory of the scorpionic fauna at the level of the Algerian north-west (Tlemcen, Naama and Bechar). Following a 10-month survey, we were able to collect a total of 117 living scorpions, they are grouped into 8 species belonging to two large families (Buthidae and Scorpionidae). Indeed, it is at the Teiher station in the wilaya of Tlemcen where the large number of scorpions was collected about 90 individuals. According to the results of the outings and among the scorpions sampled, it appears that the animals belong to the Buthidae family of which 6 species have been identified namely: Androctonus amoreuxi, Androctonus australis, Buthus tuneatanus, Buthus oudjanii, Hottentotta franzwerneri and Orthochirus innesi. Concerning the Scorpionidae family, two species of which have been identified, namely: Scorpio maurus and Scorpio punicus. The largest species in size is Hottentota franzwerneri with a total length of 101 mm (cephalothorax 12 mm, abdomen 29 mm and tail 60 mm). Equitability is close to one for the Zebche station, we noticed at this station that the species tend to be in numerical equilibrium, however in the Teiher station, the fairness is zero which is a result of dominance of only one species.
The Feeding Regime of Goliath Frog (Conraua goliath) (Boulenger, 1906) in the Equato-guinean Zone of Cameroon
Authors: MONTHE MOUMEGNI Liliane Fleurette , YEMDJIE MANE Divine Doriane , NGOUANA TADJONG Ruben , MAFOUO SONHAFOUO Vanessa , KANA Jean Raphael , TCHOUMBOUE Joseph 
Published: February 2022

The feed preferences of Conraua goliath, an endogenous frog in central Africa were assessed in the present study. A total of 65 frogs (22 males, 22 females and 21 unspecified frogs) were obtained from hunters in 3 localities namely: Loum, Penja, and Nlonako in the Moungo division, littoral region of Cameroon. The methods of dissection, measurement, and stomach content analysis were used. The results revealed a large diversity of preys in the stomach namely: myriapods (25%), plants leaves and steems (21.19%), insects (19.56%), indigestible matters (19.56%), arachnids (4.89%), crustaceans (4.34%), mollusks (3.26%), amphibians (0.54%), annelids (0.54%) and reptiles (0.54%). The numerical percentage and the frequency of myriapods occurrence were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in males captured in the locality of Loum (100% and 35.55%) compared to the females (28.57% and 18.18%). Comparing the state of maturity, the numerical percentage and the frequency of occurrence of insects (100% and 42.85%) and indigestible matters (100% and 42.85%) were significantly higher in the youngs frogs (61.11% and 20.89%) captured in Loum compared to the adults (22.22% and 7.46%). Frogs of high weight (˃1000g) recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher occurrence and numerical frequency of myriapods (100 and 70%), indigestible and detritus materials (100 and 40%) in low-weight frogs (<400g) and plants leaves and steems (50 and 47.36%) in medium-weight frogs (400 – 1000g). In conclusion, goliath frog is an omnivore fed on a variety of preys and plants according to their availability in the environment.