bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arid community responses to nitrogen and carbon addition depend on dominant species traits and are decoupled between above‐ and below‐ground biomass
Authors: Campana Sofía , Reyes María Fernanda , Aguiar Martín R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuestionsArid communities are strongly limited by soil resources including water and nitrogen (N). Plants compete for N with other plants and microorganisms, which are also limited by carbon (C). We propose that above‐ and below‐ground plant responses to soil resources are modulated by community structure (species relative abundances, “mass ratio hypothesis”) and species traits (relative growth rates — RGRs). We evaluated the single and combined effects of soil N and C addition on the above‐ and below‐ground biomass accumulation of perennial grass patches in an arid community, and the mechanisms involved in their responses.LocationPatagonian steppe, Argentina.MethodsWe added N (2 g N m−2; NH4NO3) and C (330 g C m−2; sucrose) to 1‐m2 field plots in a factorial design. After two years, we harvested above‐ground (n = 5 plots) and below‐ground biomass (n = 10 soil cores) and sorted it by species. We measured potential soil respiration as a proxy of microbial activity.ResultsTotal above‐ground biomass increased by 55% as a result of N and decreased by 45% as a result of C addition, in relation to controls. C addition reduced total below‐ground biomass by 42%. The above‐ground differences were associated with changes in the biomass of dominant species according to their RGRs. Poa ligularis (dominant, high RGR) increased by 92% as a result of N addition while Pappostipa speciosa (dominant, low RGR) decreased by 55% as a result of C addition. Intermediate and subordinate grasses did not modify their biomass, independently of their RGR. Potential soil respiration was three times higher in plots with C addition than in control plots.ConclusionsCommunity biomass was explained by a combination of mass ratio hypothesis and specific RGR, as dominant grasses controlled above‐ground community responses to N (high‐RGR species) and C addition (low‐RGR species). Our findings highlight the independence between the above‐ and below‐ground processes and the importance of considering community equitability and species characteristics to predict plant community responses to changes in soil resources.
Optimal factors for egg hatchability and larvae development of Barbus altianalis under captivity
Authors: Aruho Cassius , Kimera Bridget , Ddungu Richard , Basiita Rose Komugisha , Bugenyi Fred , Rutaisire Justus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFive experiments were conducted to identify optimal temperature, light, water depth, and hatching facility suitable for the hatchability of Barbus altianalis embryos and larval growth. In experiment I, eggs were incubated at 24, 27, and 30°C with and without aeration. In experiment II, eggs were incubated in conical jars, re‐circulating and glass tanks at 27°C. In experiment III, eggs were incubated at lux values of 54.2 ± 5.5 and 10,701.8 ± 2224.3 SD. In experiment IV, eggs on trays were placed at the bottom of glass tank (60 cm depth) and others at the surface. In experiment V, six old day larvae were treated at 24, 27, 30, and 31°C. Results indicated that optimal embryo hatchability ranged from 92.9 ± 2.0% to 94.1 ± 2.9% (no aeration) at 24°C and 89.3 ± 1.0% to 91.8 ± 0.8% SE at 27°C (aeration) in two trials. Re‐circulating (84.3%) and glass tanks (80.3%) were more suitable for hatching than conical jars (37.2%). Optimal larvae growth and survival were attained at 30°C (207.4 ± 16.3 mg SE; 78.9 ± 2.0% SD). No differences were observed in egg hatchability with light and water depth treatments (p > 0.05). These results will guide farmers to produce sufficient and quality B. altianalis seeds for farming.
Strain measurement based on cooperative operation with different smartphones
Authors: Xie Botao , Zhang Lixiao , Ding Mingwei , Li Weijie , Zhao Xuefeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStrain measurement is one of the critical procedures in detecting failures and health monitoring for various structures in the field of civil engineering. This article demonstrates a smartphone‐based cooperative strain measurement method called micro image strain sensing (MISS) for widespread and low‐cost structural strain monitoring. The method relies on smartphones, the piston‐type sensor with a microscope fitted on it, and the Android platform with cloud computing. The detailed principle of the MISS method and fabrication of the MISS sensor and the comparison of measurement accuracy with fiber Bragg grating sensor are presented. The results show that the error is within 10 με., which satisfies the engineering requirement, and the sensor exhibits high flexibility, high reliability, and high linearity. The work highlights the potential of widespread usage and public participation in smartphone‐based strain measurement for the structural health monitoring of the next generation.
Effects of Simo decoction on gastric motility of diabetic rats
Authors: Yan Caihua , Dai Chibing , Liu Na , Qian Wei , Yang Pengchun , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the effects of simo decoction (SMD) on the gastric motility of diabetic rats.MethodsDiabetic rats were gavaged with various doses of SMD (0.15, 1.5, and 3.0 ml/kg/d) or saline, and their blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored. Gastric emptying and antral motility were assessed by phenol red retention and contractions of antral strips, respectively. The levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and neurogenic nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the gastric antrum were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.ResultsGastric emptying was delayed in diabetic rats (p < 0.01 vs. non‐diabetic controls) but accelerated after SMD administration (p < 0.01). The contractions of antral strips were reduced in diabetic rats (p < 0.01 vs. non‐diabetic controls) but improved after SMD intervention (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of SP, VIP, and nNOS in diabetic rats were downregulated compared with non‐diabetic controls (all p < 0.01). Simo decoction treatment did not affect the expression of these factors in diabetic rats. The protein levels of SP, VIP, and nNOS in diabetic rats were decreased (p < 0.01), increased (p < 0.01), and comparable (p > 0.05), respectively, in comparison with non‐diabetic controls. Simo decoction administration increased SP protein expression (p < 0.01) and decreased the levels of VIP (p < 0.01) and nNOS (p < 0.01) in diabetic rats.ConclusionsSimo decoction improved gastric dysmotility of diabetic rats possibly by upregulating SP and downregulating VIP and nNOS.
Low‐value care in musculoskeletal health care: Is there a way forward?
Authors: Hartvigsen Jan , Kamper Steven J. , French Simon D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐value care that wastes resources and harms patients is prevalent in health systems everywhere.MethodsAs part of an invited keynote presentation at the Pain in Motion IV conference held in Maastricht, Holland, in May 2022, we reviewed evidence for low‐value care in musculoskeletal conditions and discussed possible solutions.ResultsDrivers of low‐value care are diverse and affect patients, clinicians, and health systems everywhere. We show that low‐value care for back pian, neck pain, and osteoarthritis is prevalent in all professional groups involved in caring for people who seek care for these conditions. Implementation efforts that aim to reverse low‐value care seem to work better if designed using established conceptual and theoretical frameworks.ConclusionLow‐value care is prevalent in the care of people with musculoskeletal conditions. Reducing low‐value care requires behaviour change among patients and clinicians as well as in health systems. There is evidence that behaviour change can be facilitated through good conceptual and theoretical frameworks but not convincing evidence that it changes patient outcomes.
The Glycolysis‐derived α‐Dicarbonyl Metabolite Methylglyoxal is a UVA‐photosensitizer Causing the Photooxidative Elimination of HaCaT Keratinocytes with Induction of Oxidative and Proteotoxic Stress Response Gene Expression†
Authors: de Faria Lopes Lohanna , Jandova Jana , Justiniano Rebecca , Perer Jessica , Baptista Maurício S. , Wondrak Georg T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCellular oxidative stress contributes to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐induced skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Light‐driven electron and energy transfer reactions involving non‐DNA chromophores are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin, and the molecular identity of numerous endogenous chromophores acting as UV‐photosensitizers has been explored. Methylglyoxal (MG), a glycolytic byproduct bearing a UV‐active α‐dicarbonyl‐chromophore, is generated under metabolic conditions of increased glycolytic flux, associated with posttranslational protein adduction in human tissue. Here, we undertook a photophysical and photochemical characterization of MG substantiating its fluorescence properties (Stokes shift), phosphorescence lifetime, and quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) formation. Strikingly, upon UV‐excitation (290 nm), a clear emission (around 490 nm) was observed (phosphorescence‐lifetime: 224.2 milliseconds). At micromolar concentrations, MG acts as a UVA‐photosensitizer targeting human HaCaT‐keratinocytes inducing photooxidative stress and caspase‐dependent cell death substantiated by zVADfmk‐rescue and Alexa‐488 caspase‐3 flow cytometry. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that MG (photoexcited by noncytotoxic doses of UVA) elicits expression changes not observable upon isolated MG‐ or UVA‐treatment, with upregulation of the proteotoxic (CRYAB, HSPA6) and oxidative (HMOX1) stress response. Given the metabolic origin of MG and its role in human pathology, future investigations should address the potential involvement of MG‐photosensitizer activity in human skin photodamage.
Risk assessment for handling hazardous substances within the European industry: Available methodologies and research streams
Authors: Peron Mirco , Arena Simone , Paltrinieri Nicola , Sgarbossa Fabio , Boustras Georgios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAfter the Seveso disaster occurred more than 40 years ago, there has been an increasing awareness of the potential impacts that similar accident events can occur in a wide range of process establishments, where the handling and production of hazardous substances pose a real threat to society and the environment. In these industrial sites denominated “Seveso sites,” the urgent need for an effective strategy emerged markedly to handle hazardous activities and to ensure safe conditions. Since then, the main challenging research issues have focused on how to prevent such accident events and how to mitigate their consequences leading to the development of many risk assessment methodologies. In recent years, researchers and practitioners have tried to provide useful overviews of the existing risk assessment methodologies proposing several reviews. However, these reviews are not exhaustive because they are either dated or focus only on one specific topic (e.g., liquefied natural gas, domino effect, etc.). This work aims to overcome the limitations of the current reviews by providing an up‐to‐date and comprehensive overview of the risk assessment methodologies for handling hazardous substances within the European industry. In particular, we have focused on the current techniques for hazards and accident scenarios identification, as well as probability and consequence analyses for both onshore and offshore installations. Thus, we have identified the research streams that have characterized the activities of researchers and practitioners over the years, and we have then presented and discussed the different risk assessment methodologies available concerning the research stream that they belong to.
Contourite channels – Facies model and channel evolution
Authors: de Weger Wouter , Hernandez‐Molina F. Javier , Sierro Francisco Javier , Chiarella Domenico , Llave Estefania , Fedele Juan J. , Rodrigues‐Tovar Francisco Javier , Miguez‐Salas Olmo , Manar Mohamed Amine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the rise in published evidence of deep‐marine bottom current processes and associated deposits there are still very few documented outcrop examples. Herein are reported results of a contourite channel system related to the late Miocene palaeo‐Mediterranean Outflow Water in the Rifian Corridor, Morocco. This work aims to unravel the sedimentary evolution and facies distribution based on the study of large morphological features related to contourite channels and their subsequent sandstone dominated infill sequences. It was found that the channel evolution and facies distribution are related to spatiotemporal changes in flow characteristics of the palaeo‐Mediterranean Outflow Water. The recognized channel facies distribution correlates well with previously established bedform stability diagrams. Erosion and upper‐stage flow regime bedforms are associated with the most vigorous bottom currents, generally related to its core. Laterally, following the decrease in flow velocity towards the adjacent drift, bedforms comprise dunes, lower‐stage plane bedforms and more heterolithic facies. Similar facies changes are also observed down‐channel, related to a decrease in flow velocities resulting from turbulent mixing of water masses, associated decreases in density gradients and the subsequent deceleration due to gravity. Results of this work have been used to propose a three‐dimensional facies model for channelized sandy contourites. This study contributes to understanding contourite systems, thus benefitting oceanographic and climatic reconstructions as well as aiding the predictability of contourite channel systems for industry geoscience applications.
Roles of long noncoding RNAs and small extracellular vesicle‐long noncoding RNAs in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chang Wenguang , Wang Man , Zhang Yuan , Yu Fei , Hu Bin , Goljanek‐Whysall Katarzyna , Li Peifeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of a high‐energy diet and a sedentary lifestyle has increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The pathological mechanism of this disease is not fully clear. Accumulated evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs have an essential regulatory role in the progression of diabetes and its complications. The roles of small noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, in T2D, have been extensively investigated, while the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T2D has been unstudied. It has been reported that lncRNAs in T2D play roles in the regulation of pancreatic function, peripheral glucose homeostasis and vascular inflammation. In addition, lncRNAs carried by small extracellular vesicles (sEV) were shown to mediate communication between organs and participate in diabetes progression. Some sEV lncRNAs derived from stem cells are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for diabetic complications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relating to lncRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms of lncRNA sorting into sEV and the regulatory roles of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes. Knowledge of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes will aid in the development of new therapeutic drugs for T2D in the future.
Modeling Three-Dimensional-Printed Polymer Lattice Metamaterial Recovery After Cyclic Large Deformation
Authors: Wu Siqi , Sancaktar Erol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lattice structure metamaterials generally exhibit better stiffness and/or tunable properties than natural materials. They have important applications in mechatronics and tissue engineering areas. In this work, we demonstrate crystal structure-inspired body-centered cubic (BCC)-lattice architected structures using different acrylate-based polymer materials to study the mechanical response in large deformation. Rigid BCC lattice metamaterials manifest outstanding recovery properties after undergoing multi-cycle compression. With appropriate cell wall thickness, the lattices have the capacity to recover their original shape and maintain a degree of stiffness. In further exploration, we combined mechanical tests and digital image correlation to elaborate on the deformation mechanisms. The digital image correlation (DIC) proves that displacement discrepancy exists in local positions. We propose hourglass and twist models to describe the buckling-induced pattern transformation which occurs during cyclic compressive deformation using simulation.
Aeroacoustic Interactions of Blade Skew and Leading Edge Serrations Applied to Low-Pressure Axial Fans
Authors: Biedermann Till M. , Hintzen Nils , Kameier Frank 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leading edge serrations are well known for their ability to reduce turbulence-induced noise of single aerofoils while also providing aerodynamic advantages under certain operating conditions. Continuatively, applying leading edge serrations to rotating machinery such as axial fans proved the validity to generally transfer the obtained aeroacoustic benefits of single aerofoils. However, for the rotating applications the noise reduction potential highly depends on the point of operation. The current work aims at assessing the aeroacoustic effects of serrated leading edges under the increased geometrical complexity of the fan blades through blade skew. Therefore, the question is whether combining two potentially effective noise-reducing treatments through blade skew and leading edge serrations results in leveraging or obstructing effects. By varying the skew angle from 0 deg to 38 deg, four different prototypes of the fan impeller are tested experimentally in a test rig according to ISO 5136 and ISO 5801. All configurations are tested with original blades of straight leading edges plus five sets of serrations each, parameterised by the serration amplitude and the serrations wavelength. The intensity of the incoming turbulence ranges from 2.6% to 12.1%. The results obtained show the skewed blades to improve both the aerodynamic performance and the noise radiation after exceeding an initial skew angle, complemented by a significant onset of stall. Moreover, no contraindication between blade skew and serrated leading edges is encountered, showing the potential to further extend the noise reduction capabilities by combining effects of blade skew and leading edge treatment.
Dinosaur tracks, microbial mat, and applied photogrammetry: A holistic approach to ichnology and geoheritage at Dinosaur Ridge, Colorado, USA
Authors: Lockley* Martin , Noffke* Nora , Buntin Caldwell , Breithaupt* Brent , Matthews* Neffra , LaMontagne* Jeff 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The Morrison-Golden Fossil Areas National Natural Landmark, Colorado, USA, including Dinosaur Ridge, is rich in geological and paleontological history, ranking historically as the premier location and type area for Late Jurassic dinosaurs like Stegosaurus and Diplodocus. As the type area for the Morrison Formation, it famously became central in the “Bone Wars” underway in the 1870s. After a brief historical introduction at Stop 1, the trip will explore the ‘mid’-Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone (Stop 2), which yields the top-ranked dinosaur tracksite in the United States, with two type ichnospecies and the most accessible “nest scrape display trace” evidence of dinosaurian sexual display found anywhere. It also an important location for the study of microbial mat in association with dinosaur tracks, now photogrammetrically surveyed in detail. Dinosaur Ridge serves as the type area for the “Dinosaur Freeway” and the transgression of the Western Interior Seaway. Its diverse invertebrate traces have also been described in detail. After lunch at the Dinosaur Ridge Visitor’s Center exhibit (Stop 3), the trip will move a short distance to Golden to view the type localities for the first bird and crocodilian tracks ever reported from the Mesozoic (Stop 4). We will also visit the younger (Late Cretaceous) Laramie Formation, exposed in the Golden clay pits, cut by the Golden fault, and the source of historically famous paleofloras, the first known Ceratopsian tracks, and other type traces now developed as Triceratops Trail (Stop 5), constituting part of the well- documented Fossil Trace and School of Mines Geological Trail complex. The field excursion will involve easy walks and no strenuous climbs.
Exploring the nature and extent of the Mesoproterozoic Picuris orogeny in Colorado, USA
Authors: Kuiper Yvette D. , Aronoff Ruth F. , Daniel Christopher G. , Bzdok* Madison 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe Mesoproterozoic is a controversial time within the Earth’s history, and is characterized by high temperature/pressure ratios in metamorphic rocks, a large volume of extensional plutons, very few economic mineral deposits, and possibly a slowdown in plate tectonic processes. In Laurentia, ca. 1.48–1.35 Ga is well known as a time of voluminous ferroan magmatism, which led to conflicting tectonic interpretations that range from continental extension to convergent margin settings. Recently, a ca. 1.50–1.35 Ga orogenic belt was proposed that spanned Laurentia from present-day eastern Canada to the southwestern United States. Unlike the preceding Paleoproterozoic Yavapai/Mazatzal orogenies and the subsequent late Mesoproterozoic Grenville orogeny, the early–mid-Mesoproterozoic Picuris orogeny in the southwestern United States was relatively unrecognized until about two decades ago, when geochronology data and depositional age constraints became more abundant. In multiple study areas of Arizona and New Mexico, deposition, metamorphism, and deformation previously ascribed to the Yavapai/Mazatzal orogenies proved to be part of the ca. 1.4 Ga Picuris orogeny. In Colorado, the nature and extent of the Picuris orogeny is poorly understood. On this trip, we discuss new evidence for the Picuris orogeny in the central Colorado Front Range, from Black Hawk in the central Colorado Front Range to the Wet Mountains, Colorado. We will discuss how the Picuris orogeny reactivated or overprinted earlier structures, and perhaps controlled the location of structures associated with Cambrian rifting, the Cretaceous–Paleogene Laramide orogeny, and the Rio Grande rift, and associated mineralization. We will also discuss whether and how the Picuris orogeny, and the Mesoproterozoic in general, were unique within the Earth’s history.
Ways of Estimating the Heat Capacity of Crystalline Phases
Authors: Uspenskaya I. A. , Ivanov A. S. , Konstantinova N. M. , Kutsenok I. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A brief review is presented of contemporary ways of estimating heat capacity and determining their main advantages and disadvantages. Incremental schemes that predict the temperature dependences of heat capacity are considered in detail. Results of estimating the heat capacity of (InAs)1–x(GaAs)x solid solutions using specially selected mixing rules are presented.