bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of colorectal cancer resection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a national population‐based analysis in England and Wales
Authors: Kuryba Angela J. , Vallance Abigail E. , Boyle Jemma M. , Braun Michael S. , Blake Helen A. , van der Meulen Jan , Fearnhead Nicola S. , Walker Kate 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to compare early postoperative outcomes and 2‐year cancer‐specific mortality following colorectal cancer (CRC) resection in patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in England and Wales.MethodRecords for patients in the National Bowel Cancer Audit who had major CRC resection between April 2014 and December 2017 were linked to routinely collected hospital level administrative datasets and chemotherapy and radiotherapy datasets. Multivariable regression models were used to compare outcomes with adjustment for patient and tumour characteristics.ResultsIn all, 63 365 patients were included. 1285 (2.0%) had an IBD diagnosis: 839 (65.3%) ulcerative colitis, 435 (33.9%) Crohn's disease and 11 (0.9%) were indeterminate. IBD patients were younger, had more advanced cancer staging and a higher proportion of right‐sided tumours. They also had a higher proportion of emergency resection, total/subtotal colectomy, open surgery and stoma formation at resection, with longer hospital admissions and higher rates of unplanned readmission and reoperation. Fewer rectal cancer patients with IBD received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (24.8% vs. 36.0%, P = 0.005) whilst similar proportions of Stage III colon cancer patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Ninety‐day postoperative mortality was similar, but unadjusted 2‐year cancer‐specific mortality was significantly higher in patients with IBD (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.18–1.55). Risk adjustment for patient and tumour factors reduced this association (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.43).ConclusionPatients with IBD and CRC are a distinct patient group who develop CRC at a younger age and undergo more radical surgery. They have worse cancer survival, with the difference in prognosis appearing after the early postoperative period.
Iterated Learning Models of Language Change: A Case Study of Sino‐Korean Accent
Authors: Ito Chiyuki , Feldman Naomi H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIterated learning models of language evolution have typically been used to study the emergence of language, rather than historical language change. We use iterated learning models to investigate historical change in the accent classes of two Korean dialects. Simulations reveal that many of the patterns of historical change can be explained as resulting from successive generations of phonotactic learning. Comparisons between different iterated learning models also suggest that Korean learners’ phonotactic generalizations are guided by storage of entire syllable‐sized units, and provide evidence that perceptual confusions between different forms substantially impacted historical change. This suggests that in addition to accounting for the evolution of broad general characteristics of language, iterated learning models can also provide insight into more detailed patterns of historical language change.
Diagnostic efficiency and safety of rapidon‐siteevaluation combined withCT‐guidedtransthoracic core needle biopsy in suspected lung cancer patients
Authors: Yiminniyaze Ruzetuoheti , Zhang Xiujuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Kun , Li Chengwei , Zhu Ning , Zhou Daibing , Li Jing , Zhang Yuhai , Li Shengqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe efficacy of rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) combined with computed tomography‐guided transthoracic core needle biopsy (CT‐guided TCNB) is rarely investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and safety of ROSE combined with CT‐guided TCNB for suspected lung cancer patients.Materials and MethodsClinical data from 285 patients who received CT‐guided TCNB for suspected lung cancer in Huashan Hospital from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Of these 163 patients underwent CT‐guided TCNB combined with ROSE (ROSE group), while the remaining 122 patients underwent without ROSE (non‐ROSE group). The smears from TCNB were quickly processed with Diff‐Quick staining and analysed by a skilled cytologist on‐site. The consistency of ROSE with the final clinicopathological diagnosis and the diagnostic efficiency and safety of ROSE combined with CT‐guided TCNB in suspected lung cancer patients were evaluated.ResultsROSE was highly concordant with pathological diagnosis (κ = 0.791;P < 0.001), with an accuracy of 95.7%. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher in the ROSE compared with the non‐ROSE group (96.3% vs 86.1%;P = 0.002), with overall incidences of complications of 36.8% and 23.8%, respectively. Minor pneumothorax without drainage was slightly greater in the ROSE compared with the non‐ROSE group (14.1% vs 6.6%;P = 0.046). However, there was no significant difference in serious complications between the two groups.ConclusionROSE was highly consistent with the final clinicopathological diagnosis for suspected lung cancer. ROSE further improved the diagnostic efficiency of CT‐guided TCNB with no increased incidence of serious complications.
Recreational marijuana legalization and admission to the foster‐care system
Authors: Gardner John , Osei Bright 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe estimate the effects of legalized recreational marijuana on entry into the foster‐care system. Exploiting state‐level variation in legalization and its timing, we estimate that legalization decreases foster‐care placements by at least 10%, with larger effects in years after legalization, and for admissions for reasons of parental drug and alcohol abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and parental incarceration. Our findings imply that legalization may have important consequences for child welfare, and that substitution toward marijuana from other substances can be an important part of how legalization affects admissions.
Strong decrease in egg mass on subsequent days of oviposition generates little variation in offspring performance in the pine‐tree lappet moth, Dendrolimus pini
Authors: Łukowski Adrian , Karolewski Piotr 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe pine‐tree lappet moth, Dendrolimus pini (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), is a pest whose natural range mostly follows that of its host, Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae). Under natural conditions, we observed differences in larval body size, pointing to different rates of their growth and development. This study aimed to check whether differences in egg mass can differentiate the growth and development rate of D. pini larvae. We assumed that decrease in egg mass on subsequent days of oviposition can have a large impact. Our results indicate that there is an unusually strong fecundity advantage of large female mass in D. pini, but with each day of laying, the mean mass of the eggs decreases. However, offspring phenotype and development in D. pini is not clearly correlated with egg mass. We also confirmed a strong decrease in the number and mass of eggs on subsequent days of oviposition. However, egg mass decline did not correspond with the performance of the offspring in a laboratory rearing because the specimens formed from ‘medium‐mass’ eggs were characterized by the highest fitness. Although we noted a significant impact of the day of oviposition on some offspring's fitness parameters (e.g., development stage duration, pupal mass, adult mass), the variation was not large. The offspring hatched from eggs on the 3rd day of oviposition were characterized by increased values of some parameters (e.g., higher mass, heavier cocoons, faster development). Variation in the development of the larvae could be a strategy to help offspring survive under short‐term unfavorable conditions, and also reduces intra‐species competition which is generally beneficial.
Association of short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution with mortality from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Xu Ruijun , Wang Qingqing , Wei Jing , Lu Wenfeng , Wang Rui , Liu Tingting , Wang Yaqi , Fan Zhaoyu , Li Yingxin , Xu Luxi , Shi Chunxiang , Li Guo , Chen Gongbo , Zhang Lan , Zhou Yun , Liu Yuewei , Sun Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundShort‐term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to increased risk of stroke mortality, but its adverse effects on mortality from specific types of stroke including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke remain poorly understood.MethodsUsing the China National Mortality Surveillance System, we conducted a time‐stratified case‐crossover study among 412,567 stroke deaths in Jiangsu province, China during 2015–2019. Residential daily PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 exposure concentrations were extracted from the ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset for each subject. Conditional logistic regression models were performed to conduct exposure–response analyses.ResultsEach 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 was respectively associated with a 1.44%, 0.93%, 5.55%, 2.90%, 0.148%, and 0.54% increase in odds of mortality from ischemic stroke, which was significantly stronger than that from hemorrhagic stroke (percent change in odds: 0.74%, 0.51%, 3.11%, 1.15%, 0.090%, and 0.10%). The excess fraction of ischemic stroke mortality associated with PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 exposure was 6.90%, 6.48%, 8.21%, 8.61%, 9.67%, and 4.76%, respectively, which was also significantly higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke mortality (excess fraction: 3.49%, 3.48%, 4.69%, 3.48%, 5.86%, and 0.88%). These differences in adverse effects generally remained across sex, age, and season.ConclusionsShort‐term exposure to ambient air pollution was significantly associated with increased risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke mortality and posed considerable excess mortality. Our results suggest that air pollution exposure may lead to substantially greater adverse effects on mortality from ischemic stroke than that from hemorrhagic stroke.
Diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection by physicians in China: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Chen Ye , Lu Hong , Zeng Zhirong , Wang Weihong , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Guoxin , Du Qin , Xia Xingzhou , Li Changping , Jiang Shulin , Wu Ting , Li Peiyuan , He Shuixiang , Zhu Yin , Zhang Guiying , Xu Jianming , Li Yan , Huo Lijuan , Lan Chunhui , Miao Yinglei , Jiang Haixing , Chen Ping , Shi Lijun , Tuo Biguang , Zhang Dekui , Jiang Kui , Wang Jiangbin , Yao Ping , Huang Xiaoxi , Yang Shaoqi , Wang Xuehong , Zhou Liya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the current state of knowledge and practice of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection management in China.Materials and MethodsThis nationwide, multicenter, cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was conducted between March and April 2021 with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in 31 provinces, encompassing over 1000 hospitals in mainland China. General physician information, diagnostic and detection status, eradication treatment, reexamination and follow‐up after treatment, and basic knowledge of physicians were collected and compared with the Fifth Chinese National Consensus Report on Management of H. pylori infection and the 2016 Maastricht V/Florence guidelines. The subgroup analysis was also performed.ResultsOf the 6873 questionnaire respondents, 48.8% were males, and 51.2% were females. Approximately, 26.5% of respondents indicated that their hospitals had dedicated clinics for managing H. pylori infection. Moreover, 88.0% of respondents prescribed a bismuth‐containing quadruple regimen as the initial eradication treatment, and 92.7% deemed the gastric acid suppression critical. Furthermore, 91.0% of respondents routinely recommended a reexamination 1–2 months after eradication therapy, and 95.1% advised patients to stop PPI treatment at least 2 weeks before reexamination. The detail of following (the choice of target population/methods; the choice/availability of drugs/regimens, indications for eradication, factors influencing eradication efficacy/improvement methods and factors influencing adherence, management options/factors influencing relapse; the timing and methods, awareness of reinfection rates/prevention measures, and the approach to continuing education, awareness of guidelines, and acceptance of current core concepts of management) was also described. Subgroup analysis further revealed that significant differences were existed in being gastroenterologist or not, different education level, professional title, years of working, and provincial administrative regions.ConclusionsChinese physicians' skills and knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection could be improved. More works on education are needed in future.
Trends in cutaneous melanoma mortality in Italy from 1982 to 2016
Authors: Briatico Giulia , Mancuso Pamela , Argenziano Giuseppe , Longo Caterina , Mangone Lucia , Moscarella Elvira , Brancaccio Gabriella , Pampena Riccardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Italy, comprehensive national studies, about mortality rates for cutaneous melanoma, are missing. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of cutaneous melanoma mortality in Italy from 1982 to 2016.MethodsData on death certificates were obtained from Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT: Istituto nazionale di STATistica, Indagine sulle cause di morte). Mortality rates were age‐standardized on the European population 2013 and presented per 100,000 individuals. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AMRs) were calculated by sex, age group, and geographic areas. To identify changes in mortality rate trends, a joinpoint regression model was used, and the annual percent change (APC) was estimated.ResultsIn Italy, a total number of 49,312 patients (44.0% women) died for cutaneous melanoma from 1982 to 2016. Melanoma mortality rates significantly increased in the study period in both sexes, with higher AMR values and a steeper increase in men (from 2.71 to 4.02; APC: 1.43; 95% CI 1.26–1.61) than women (from 1.94–2.10; APC: 0.23; 95% CI 0.00–0.46). The largest difference between men and women was observed in patients aged ≥65 years with APC of 2.17 in men (95% CI 1.97–2.37) and 0.37 in women (95% CI 0.08–0.66).ConclusionIn conclusion, the melanoma mortality rate in Italy progressively increased especially in elderly men. Several hypotheses might explain the observed age and geographic differences such as sun exposure habits or different strategies of prevention campaigns.
Dielectric temperature stability and energy storage performance of NBT‐based ceramics by introducing high‐entropy oxide
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Pu Yongping , Zhao Xinyi , Ouyang Tao , Ji Jiamin , Zhang Qianwen , Zhang Canpeng , Sun Shikuan , Sun Rong , Li Junjie , Wang Dawei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a high‐entropy perovskite oxide Sr(Zr0.2Sn0.2Hf0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2)O3 (SZSHTN) was first introduced to Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) lead‐free ferroelectric ceramics to boost both the high‐temperature dielectric stability and energy storage performance. Excellent comprehensive performance was simultaneously obtained in the 0.8NBT–0.2SZSHTN ceramic with high ε′ value (> 2000), wide ε′‐temperature stable range (TCC < 5%, 52.4–362°C), low tanδ value in a wide range (<0.01, 90–341°C) and high energy storage performance (Wrec = 3.52 J/cm3, Wrec and η varies ±6.08% and ±7.4% from 20 to 150°C), which endows it the promising potential to be used in high‐temperature environments.
Mathematical modeling and kinetic behavior of Indian Umblachery cow butter and its nutritional degradation analysis under modified atmospheric packaging technique
Authors: Basheer Vajiha Aafrin , Muthusamy Sukumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMain objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of polyphenols enrichment, modified atmosphere packaging (CO2: 20%, N2: 75%, O2: 5%) and storage time on the shelf‐life solidity and nutritional degradation of butter from Indian native breed of Umblachery cow. The butter samples were incorporated and enriched with polyphenols and flavonoids from the seed coat extracts of Cajanus cajan (136.5 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g and 68.7 mg of quercetin equivalents/g) and butylated hydroxyl anisole (200 ppm) and the oxidative solidity and nutritional and flavor retention was evaluated without changing its organoleptic properties during 6 months of storage with and without MAP at 4, 15, and 25°C. SCECC significantly reduced the formation of oxidation products and the kinetics of shelf‐life of butter with predictive Arrhenius model was assessed in real time and accelerated according to temperature with the maximum activation energy of 5,309.2 J/mol for SCECC enriched and 3,191.4 J/mol for butylated hydroxyl anisole incorporated samples with modified atmosphere packaging at 4°C for peroxide value. The loss of polyphenols during storage was analyzed and it was 21–36% at 4°C and 31–55% at 25°C with and without modified atmosphere packaging at the end of sixth month. Organoleptic evaluations indicated that the samples treated with polyphenols combined with modified atmosphere packaging had lowermost lipid deterioration and exhibited high level of protective effects on nutritional degradation and recorded highest overall acceptability at 4°C and minimum level of sensorial behavior was observed at 25°C at the end of sixth month.Practical ApplicationsEnrichment of polyphenols with food emulsion can profitably influence their oxidative stability and the emulsions should sustain optimal quality and stability throughout the storage period. Lipid oxidation is the major deteriorative process with substantial commercial implications in terms of product cost. Due to the heavy demand for natural antioxidants, the polyphenols of seed coat extracts of Cajanus cajan have been used and correlated these results with enhancement of butter and increase its shelf life by modified atmospheric packaging. The activation energy and the rate constant of chemical reaction enabled the construction of kinetic models, which helped to estimate rate of changes in the butter sample. In order to estimate quality changes, we evaluated the polyphenolic loss, sensory features, and microbiological changes. The results of this study may deliver technical basis in the utilization of SCECC as a natural antioxidant with MAP to prevent lipid rancidification or nutritional loss in butter.
Prediction model using clinical factors for radiation exposure during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Kim Bomi , Park Jaewoo , Ahn Jinwoo , Jung Kwangrok , Jung Jae Hyup , Lee Jong‐Chan , Hwang Jin‐Hyeok , Kim Jaihwan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) requires radiation. This study aimed to assess the clinical factors influencing radiation exposure and devise a scoring model for predicting high‐dose radiation exposure.MethodsEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cases recorded between 2016 and 2019 in a single tertiary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed. A scoring model was created by bootstrap method in a derivation cohort (2016–2018) and was assessed in a validation cohort (2019).ResultsOut of 4223 ERCPs, 2983 and 1240 cases were included in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. In the derivation cohort, 746 cases (top 25%) comprised the high‐dose exposure group, and 2237 cases (bottom 75%) comprised the low‐dose exposure group. Nine clinical parameters associated with high‐dose exposure were male, pancreatic sphincterotomy, balloon dilatation, biliary or pancreatic drainage, procedures with contrast dye, endoscopist, in‐hospital ERCP, and spot image. Stone removal was included by bootstrap analysis. As presented in a nomogram, the weight score of each variable was as follows: male, 1; pancreatic sphincterotomy, 3; balloon dilatation, 7; stone removal, 3; biliary or pancreatic drainage, 5; procedures with contrast dye, 1; endoscopist B, 4; endoscopist C, 5; in‐hospital procedure, 3; and spot image, 3. A total score ≥ 15 suggested a high‐dose radiation exposure. The sensitivity and specificity of the model for high‐dose exposure were 0.562 and 0.813, respectively. In the validation cohort, the model showed reasonable predictability.ConclusionsVarious factors were associated with radiation exposure. The simple scoring system in this study could guide endoscopists in predicting the risk of high‐dose radiation exposure.
The Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute Dementia Diagnostic Clinic Network: A community of practice to improve dementia care
Authors: Mora Pinzon Maria , Krainer Jody , LeCaire Tamara , Houston Stephanie , Green‐Harris Gina , Norris Nia , Barnes Stacy , Clark Lindsay R. , Gleason Carey E. , Hermann Bruce P. , Ramon Helen , Buckingham Will , Chin Nathaniel A. , Asthana Sanjay , Johnson Sterling C. , Walaszek Art , Carlsson Cynthia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute (WAI) Dementia Diagnostic Clinic Network is a community of practice formed in 1998 as a collaboration of community‐based clinics from various healthcare systems throughout the state. Its purpose is to promote the use of evidence‐based strategies to provide high quality care throughout Wisconsin for people with dementia. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of a community of practice to facilitate education of healthcare providers on best practices in dementia care, and the implementation of an interprofessional approach to diagnose and manage dementia and related disorders.MethodsCross‐sectional study of the members of the WAI's Dementia Diagnosis Clinic Network. Characteristics of clinics and healthcare teams, learners' participation in educational events and educational outcomes were collected from evaluation forms. Number and characteristics of patients seen in the memory clinics were collected from de‐identified data forms submitted by members to a centralized location for data analysis.ResultsThe clinic network currently has 38 clinics affiliated with 26 different healthcare systems or independent medical groups in 21 of 72 Wisconsin counties. Most (56%) are based in primary care, 15% in psychiatry, and 29% in neurology. Between 2018 and 2021, we received data on 4710 patients; 92% were ≥65 years old, 60% were female, and 92% were white. Network members meet in‐person twice a year to learn about innovations in the field of dementia care and to share best practices. Educational events associated with the network are shown to be relevant, useful, and improve knowledge and skills of participants.ConclusionCommunities of practice provide added value via shared best practices and educational resources, continuing education of the health workforce, continuous quality improvement of clinical practices, and adoption of new diagnostic and management approaches in dementia care.
Narco‐Infrastructures and the Persistence of Illicit Coca in Loreto
Authors: Silverstein Sydney M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, I examine the persistence of illicit coca in Loreto, in the northeastern Amazonian region of Peru. I engage ethnographically with the formation and perseverance of a mutable yet resilient network that has enabled the movement of illicit drugs: what I call a narco‐infrastructure. Beginning with the “absent state” argument so frequently put forth to understand the proliferation of narco‐economies, I turn attention to the ways in which drug trafficking developed hand in hand with a nascent petroleum industry, setting off a series of social and economic transformations in the region, but also creating new horizons of experience and possibility. Loreto's historical ties to drug trafficking, and particularly its recent emergence as a hot spot of illicit coca production, are helpful for understanding the mutability and resilience of narco‐infrastructures, and the affective work they can and will do.