bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Low Molecular Weight Pure and Engineered Gels: A Review of Strategies towards Their Development
Authors: Khan Finaz , Das Susmita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLow Molecular Weight (LMW) amphiphiles are promising class of chemicals that often enable gelation through formation of supramolecular self‐assemblies driven by physical forces such as hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions. These gels are of prime importance for wide range of biomedical applications like 3D‐cell culture, enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, self‐healing bandages etc. due to their ease of fabrication, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of modification and reversibility. However, low mechanical strength limit the applications of these physical gels. Herein, various strategies that have been adopted over the past two decades to advance the properties of different LMW gels are summarized. Structural modification in urea, saccharides, amino acids, peptides, bile acids and nucleobases induce functionalities in the corresponding gels that demonstrate applications such as injectable drug delivery vehicles, stimuli responsive delivery agent, pollutant adsorbents, catalysts, antimicrobial activity to name a few. The review also emphasizes on the developments in the field of engineered gels such as core‐shell, double network and nanocomposite gel scaffolds that emphasizes on a facile modification of LMW gels to yield soft materials with higher toughness and tensile strength to be utilized for biomedical applications. The review also points toward the arenas which lack sufficient investigation and wherein the scope for further development remains.
Effects of Stearic Acid Modification on Ru−Ba−MgO Interaction and the Underlying Mechanism
Authors: He Junqiao , Ding Kang , Yang Xiazhen , Cheng Xiangwei , Huo Chao , Liu Huazhang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a series of Ru/Ba−MgO−SAx catalysts modified with different stearic acid (SA) contents were prepared by ultrasonic‐strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method. X‐ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐ transformed infrared spectrometry, temperature‐programmed reduction and other methods were used to characterize the Ba−MgO−SAx and its supported ruthenium‐based catalyst. The results show that the addition of SA significantly improves the surface morphology and texture parameters of Ba−MgO support, changes the single adsorption type of Ba2+ in solution, effectively promotes the addition of promoter Ba, and is also beneficial to the regulation of Ru particles and their dispersion, enhances the interaction between the Ba−MgO and Ru, thereby improving the catalytic activity of ammonia synthesis. When the addition amount of SA is 4 wt%, the catalytic activity is the best, and its outlet ammonia concentration is 16.06 % under the reaction conditions of 450 °C, 10 MPa and 10000 h−1.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hexafluoro Functionalized Quinolone Derivatives as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Soda Anil Kumar , Kurva Srinivas , Singh Kamini , Veeragoni Dileepkumar , Misra Sunil , Murahari Manikanta , Madabhushi Sridhar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antibiofilm agents. Herein, synthesized are a series of hexafluoro functionalized quinoline‐3‐carboxylate derivatives (4 a–7 d) from aryl amines as novel chemotherapeutic agents. The compound ethyl 5‐chloro‐6‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (4 b) exhibited the most potent promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96 with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 1.8 μg/mL and an IC50 value of 15.6 ± 0.04 μM. The presence of ester linkage, electron withdrawing chlorine ortho (5‐Cl) to hexafluoro‐2‐propanol and an unsubstituted nitrogen in the quinolone scaffold enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The compounds ethyl 5‐chloro‐6‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (4 b), ethyl 8‐chloro‐1‐ethyl‐6‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (5 d) and 6‐(2‐ethoxy‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropan‐2‐yl)‐1‐ethyl‐8‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydro quino‐ line‐3‐carboxylic acid (6 c) have displayed a significant cytotoxicity towards cancer cells without any toxic effects towards the normal cells.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hyper‐Branched Nanoparticles with Magnetic and Plasmonic Properties
Authors: Candreva Angela , Parisi Francesco , Bartucci Rosa , Guzzi Rita , Di Maio Giuseppe , Scarpelli Francesca , Aiello Iolinda , Godbert Nicolas , La Deda Massimo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHybrid nanoparticles, composed of an iron oxide magnetic core embedded with gold fractal‐grown hyper branches, have been synthesized by a seed‐mediated growth approach. Magnetic and plasmonic properties have been described respectively through ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and extinction spectra. According to the hydroxylamine amount, used as a surface catalysed reducing agent, the number of branches and the intensity of the fractal growth have been finely tuned and were observed through TEM microscopy. The magnetic core allowed their motion control via an external magnetic field. The plasmonic properties of these hyper‐branched hybrid nanoparticles were recorded similar to those shown by the branched gold nanoparticles, but it is interesting to note that they showed an encouraging photothermal response.
A Synthetic Minimal Beating Axoneme
Authors: Guido Isabella , Vilfan Andrej , Ishibashi Kenta , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Shiraga Misaki , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Golestanian Ramin , Oiwa Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCilia and flagella are beating rod‐like organelles that enable the directional movement of microorganisms in fluids and fluid transport along the surface of biological organisms or inside organs. The molecular motor axonemal dynein drives their beating by interacting with microtubules. Constructing synthetic beating systems with axonemal dynein capable of mimicking ciliary beating still represents a major challenge. Here, the bottom‐up engineering of a sustained beating synthoneme consisting of a pair of microtubules connected by a series of periodic arrays of approximately eight axonemal dyneins is reported. A model leads to the understanding of the motion through the cooperative, cyclic association–dissociation of the molecular motor from the microtubules. The synthoneme represents a bottom‐up self‐organized bio‐molecular machine at the nanoscale with cilia‐like properties.
Predicting locally manageable resource failures of high availability clusters
Authors: Somasekaram Premathas , Calinescu Radu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCritical services from domains as diverse as finance, manufacturing and healthcare are often delivered by complex enterprise applications (EAs).High‐availability clusters(HACs) are software‐managed IT infrastructures that enable these EAs to operate with minimum downtime. This article presents a novel Bayesian decision network model to improve the failure detection capabilities of the HACs components using a comprehensive set of characteristics for the analyzed component. The model then combines these characteristics to predict whether the failure of this component can be managed locally at the failed component level without propagating the failure to upper‐level components and causing a complete system failure. By improving the detection capabilities and predicting locally manageable failures, the model improves the decision‐making process of HACs, and has the potential to reduce the downtime and improve availability for the applications protected by HACs. The model uses the capabilities of the Bayesian decision networks, which combines Bayesian networks with the utility theory, to assign weights to different characteristics and consolidate the related variables to output the result. The model evaluation in a realistic testbed environment with three servers, an established HAC and a well‐known EA shows that the model can improve the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of locally manageable failures by up to 9.05% compared to the baseline HAC results.
An overview of the evolving jurisdictional scope of the U.S. Clean Water Act for hydrologists
Authors: Walsh Riley , Ward Adam S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal mechanism by which the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of streams, lakes, and wetlands are protected in the United States. The CWA has evolved considerably since its initial passage in 1948, including explicit expansions and contractions of jurisdictional scope through a series of legislative actions, court decisions, and agency rules. Here, we provide a practical summary of the CWA's evolution, detailing the major updates or revisions and their circumstances. Additionally, we identify the jurisdictional scope of the law for rivers and streams, lakes, and wetlands based on the language used and implementation by the agencies during the same time period. While the rulemaking process commonly uses language that will be abstract to many hydrologists, understanding the on‐the‐ground implications, quantifying regulatory (un)certainties, and assessing the magnitude of changes through time is important to understanding the implications of environmental regulation development, litigation, and enforcement. Thus, we translate the enforcement norms and definitions into quantitative estimates for Clean Water Act scope in the Wabash River Basin (Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, USA) as a demonstration of the spatial consequences of changing regulatory language.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
The potential and capability of the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea methanolica in a “methanol bioeconomy”
Authors: Cai Hao‐Liang , Shimada Masaya , Nakagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEfficient bioconversion of methanol, which can be generated from greenhouse gases, into valuable resources contributes to achieving climate goals and developing a sustainable economy. The methylotrophic yeast Ogataea methanolica is considered to be a suitable host for efficient methanol bioconversion because it has outstanding characteristics for the better adaptive potential to a high methanol environment (i.e., greater than 5%). This capacity represents a huge potential to construct an innovative carbon‐neutral production system that converts methanol into value‐added chemicals under the control of strong methanol‐induced promoters. In this review, we discuss what is known about the regulation of methanol metabolism and adaptation mechanisms for 5% methanol conditions in O. methanolica in detail. We also discuss about the potential to breed “super methylotrophic yeast,” which has potent growth characteristics under high methanol conditions.
Unravelling gas sorption in the aluminum metal‐organic framework CAU‐23: CO2, H2, CH4, SO2sorption isotherms, enthalpy of adsorption and mixed‐adsorptive calculations
Authors: Jansen Christian , Tannert Niels , Lenzen Dirk , Bengsch Marco , Millan Simon , Goldman Anna , Jordan Dustin Nils , Sondermann Linda , Stock Norbert , Janiak Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe report is the first broader evaluation of the gas sorption properties of CAU‐23 for the adsorptives CO2, H2, CH4, and SO2. CAU‐23 is of intermediate porosity among Al‐MOFs with specific BET surface areas of the order of MIL‐100>MIL‐53>CAU‐23>MIL‐160>MIL‐53‐TDC>Alfum>CAU‐10‐H and total pore volumes of the order of MIL‐100>MIL‐53>CAU‐23>Alfum=MIL‐160>MIL‐53‐TDC>CAU‐10‐H. CO2uptake (3.97 mmol g−1, 293 K) and H2uptake (10.25 mmol g−1, 77 K) of CAU‐23 are second in the series and only slightly smaller than for MIL‐160. The CH4uptake of CAU‐23 (0.89 mmol g−1, 293 K) is unremarkable in comparison with the other Al‐MOFs. The SO2uptake (8.4 mmol g−1, 293 K) follows the porosity and higher SO2uptakes were only observed for MIL‐53 and MIL‐100. CAU‐23 is one of the best Al‐MOFs for high‐pressure sorption of CO2, with an uptake of 33 wt.‐% at 20 bar, 293 K. Gas sorption measurements at two different temperatures gave near zero‐coverage enthalpy of adsorptions, ▵Hads0for CO2of −22 kJ mol−1and of SO2for −38 kJ mol−1which is at the low end of the other Al‐MOFs (−22 to −39 kJ mol−1for CO2; −41 to −51 kJ mol−1for SO2), yet ▵Hadsincreases for CAU‐23 with CO2and SO2to −25 and −57 kJ mol−1, respectively. For CO2/CH4and SO2/CO2separation, ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) predicted gas selectivities of 5 and 27–50 (depending on molar ratio and model), respectively, in line with 4.5–6.3 and 17–50, respectively, with most of the other Al‐MOFs, where only MIL‐53‐TDC with 83 and MIL‐160 with 126 gave a higher SO2/CO2selectivity at a molar ratio of 0.5.
Phase Control in the Modulated Self‐Assembly of Lanthanide MOFs of a Flexible Tetratopic Bis‐Amide Linker
Authors: Thom Alexander J. R. , Regincós Martí Emma , Pakamorė Ignas , Wilson Claire , Forgan Ross S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe targeted synthesis of phase‐pure metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is often complicated by the fact that a number of different products can result from the same metal‐ligand combination. The self‐assembly of lanthanide‐based MOFs can be particularly challenging due to the versatile coordination chemistry of the f‐block allowing for diverse coordination spheres with irregular geometries driven by steric effects. Herein we show that modulated self‐assembly – the addition of small molecules to solvothermal synthesis in order to control pH and coordination equilibria – can control phase formation when preparing lanthanide MOFs from the tetratopic bis‐(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)terephthalamide ligand. We report 27 new MOFs, of which 21 are characterised by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, that can be categorised into six structure types. The formation of different phases is largely driven by the contraction in ionic radius across the lanthanide series, but we show how careful choice of both solvent and modulator can influence reaction outcome. As an example, phase pure samples of three Gd MOFs of the same ligand can be selected by simply changing the modulator – acetic acid, benzoic acid, or nitric acid – used in closely related syntheses. These results show that modulation can control phase in f‐block MOFs, just as it can in d‐block MOFs, and provide design rules for uncovering structural diversity by carefully exploring the chemical parameter space of lanthanide MOFs in single ligand systems.
Body mass and growth rates in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) cared for in African wildlife sanctuaries, zoological institutions, and research facilities
Authors: Curry Bryony A. , Drane Aimee L. , Atencia Rebeca , Feltrer Yedra , Howatson Glyn , Calvi Thalita , Palmer Christopher , Moittie Sophie , Unwin Steve , Tremblay Joshua C. , Sleeper Meg M. , Lammey Michael L. , Cooper Steve , Stembridge Mike , Shave Rob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCaptive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) mature earlier in body mass and have a greater growth rate compared to wild individuals. However, relatively little is known about how growth parameters compare between chimpanzees living in different captive environments. To investigate, body mass was measured in 298 African sanctuary chimpanzees and was acquired from 1030 zoological and 442 research chimpanzees, using data repositories. An analysis of covariance, adjusting for age, was performed to assess same‐sex body mass differences between adult sanctuary, zoological, and research populations. Piecewise linear regression was performed to estimate sex‐specific growth rates and the age at maturation, which were compared between sexes and across populations using extra‐sum‐of‐squares F tests. Adult body mass was greater in the zoological and resarch populations compared to the sanctuary chimpanzees, in both sexes. Male and female sanctuary chimpanzees were estimated to have a slower rate of growth compared with their zoological and research counterparts. Additionally, male sanctuary chimpanzees were estimated to have an older age at maturation for body mass compared with zoological and research males, whereas the age at maturation was similar across female populations. For both the zoological and research populations, the estimated growth rate was greater in males compared to females. Together, these data contribute to current understanding of growth and maturation in this species and suggest marked differences between the growth patterns of chimpanzees living in different captive environments.
Google Trends as a Tool for Public Opinion Research: An Illustration of the Perceived Threats of Immigration
Authors: Lorenz Reilly , Beck Jacob , Horneber Sophie , Keusch Florian , Antoun Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo gather public opinion data on sensitive topics in real-time, researchers are exploring the use of Internet search data such as Google Trends (GT). First, this chapter describes the characteristics and nature of GT data, and then provides a case study that examines the salience of perceived threats related to immigration in Germany based on the share of Google search queries that include language about these threats. Last, we discuss the advantages and possible challenges of utilizing GT data in social scientific research. We used the national polling results for the German right-wing party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)—which runs on a largely anti-immigrant platform—as a criterion measure. GT data did not consistently predict polling data in the expected direction in real-time, but it was consistently predictive of future polling trends (35–104 weeks later) at a moderate level (r = .25–.50), although the size of the correlations varied across time periods and groups of keywords. Our mixed results highlight the low reliability of GT data, but also its largely untapped potential as a leading indicator of public opinion, especially on sensitive topics such as the perceived threats of immigration.
Targeting on Social Networking Sites as Sampling Strategy for Online Migrant Surveys: The Challenge of Biases and Search for Possible Solutions
Authors: Rocheva Anna , Varshaver Evgeni , Ivanova Nataliya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChoosing a methodology for migrant surveys usually is a complicated issue for a number of reasons, including the lack of information about sampling frames, and migrants’ status as a hard-to-reach population. The spread of social media usage among migrants has led researchers to look at the potential that Social Networking Sites (SNS) have for migration studies with respect to extracting and analyzing big data, conducting ethnography online, and reaching migrant respondents through SNS advertising. While the advantages of sampling migrants using SNS and surveying them online are clear, the drawbacks of this method—and, even more so, the potential solutions—constitute an almost unexplored field. In this chapter, we address one of the most significant challenges of using this strategy by exploring the biases it may present and the possible ways to resolve them. We use data from five SNS-based migrant surveys conducted during 2016–2018 with various groups of migrants and their adult children (second generation migrants) from Central Asian and Transcaucasian countries in Russia (with N varying from 302 to 12,524). After describing the procedure of surveying migrants with targeting on SNS, we outline the major biases, delineate possible solutions, and demonstrate how some of them—namely weighting based on dropout analysis and external validation—can work regarding the material from one of the surveys. We conclude that, at present, the range of biases remains more considerable than our opportunities to adjust for them, and so it may be time to concede this, and instead direct research efforts to exploring other approaches to data analysis and presentation that are more suitable for contexts of uncertainty—for example, fuzzy set theory and Bayesian statistics. This chapter contributes to the advancement of the emerging field of “tech-savvy” migration studies while signposting its bottlenecks and gains, as well as laying out directions for future research.
Surveying Illiterate Individuals: Are Audio Files in Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews a Useful Supportive Tool?
Authors: Heinritz Florian , Will Gisela , Gentile Raffaela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on specific challenges to surveying newly arrived immigrants with a focus on refugees. In addition to the need to provide interviews for immigrants in their native language, it must be taken into account that a considerable proportion of this group has poor or no reading skills in their native language. Two strategies can be used to avoid systematically excluding this population: offering interviews with native-speaking interviewers or using computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI) with additional audio files that enable respondents to listen to a questionnaire. We discuss the pros and cons of both strategies. Subsequently, using the data from the first wave of the German refugee study ReGES, in which both strategies were offered as a combined approach, we consider their effectiveness and practicability in more detail. Although native-speaking interviewers can increase cooperation and help to not exclude illiterate individuals, they also can encourage a higher social desirability bias. However, illiterate interviewees are more likely to take advantage of the interviewer’s support to read the questions aloud than to use the audio files. Nevertheless, we also found that a small but substantial subgroup of interviewees with little or no reading skills used the audio files often.
Assessing Transnational Human Mobility on a Global Scale
Authors: Deutschmann Emanuel , Recchi Ettore , Vespe Michele 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we estimate human mobility between countries worldwide on the basis of global statistics on tourism and air passenger traffic. Adjusting and merging the data from these two sources through a simple set of procedures enabled us to counter some of their individual limitations. The resulting open-access dataset, which covers more than 15 billion estimated trips during the years 2011 to 2016, promises to be a comprehensive new resource on transnational human mobility worldwide. In this chapter, we illustrate the data characteristics and transformations adopted in creating this dataset. We explore potential applications and discuss the remaining caveats. We conclude with several lessons from our endeavor that might be useful for researchers who wish to engage in similar data-merging procedures.
Innovation, Value Creation and Impact Assessment
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmerging technologies can be defined as a set of technologies whose development and application areas are still expanding rapidly, and their technical and value potential is still largely unrealised. Naturally, this leads to a vivid innovation environment for these technologies. In this book, tech-savvy people can easily read and understand the working principles of 34 different emerging technologies. And then, they can see in what areas these technologies are used and how they can create value. Moreover, the book starts with an “Innovation Journey” chapter. This chapter focuses on innovation and how ideas are converted into value and business. By value, we mean monetary, environmental and social value. In addition, for entrepreneurs and start-ups, we also show the funding and financing mechanisms for innovative ideas.