bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Disagreement (Part 1): Theories of Deep Disagreement
Authors: Ranalli Chris , Lagewaard Thirza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSome disagreements concern our most fundamental beliefs, principles, values, or worldviews, such as those about the existence of God, society and politics, or the trustworthiness of science. These are ‘deep disagreements’. But what exactly are deep disagreements? This paper critically overviews theories of deep disagreement. It does three things. First, it explains the differences between deep and other kinds of disagreement, including peer, persistent, and widespread disagreement. Second, it critically overviews two mainstream theories of deep disagreement, the Wittgensteinian account and the Fundamental Epistemic Principle account, before introducing a Hybrid account. Finally, it explores the notion that deep disagreements can be deeper than others.
Salt‐like transcription factor 4 promotes laryngeal cancer progression through transcriptional activation of ubiquitin‐specific protease 21 to stabilize Yin Yang 1
Authors: Wang Qing‐Dong , Liu Li‐Li , Li Di , Gao Li , Zhang Mei‐Jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLaryngeal cancer (LC) is a rare and challenging clinical problem. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism of salt‐like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in LC. LC tissue and paracancerous tissue were collected. Relative mRNA or protein levels were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. MTT, wound healing, and transwell assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The binding relationship between SALL4 and USP21 promoter was verified by dual‐luciferase assay and ChIP. Co‐IP and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐pull down were performed to measure the protein interaction between USP21 and YY1. Additionally, YY1 ubiquitination level was analyzed. It was found that SALL4 mRNA and SALL4 protein levels were elevated in LC clinical tissues and various LC cells. Knockdown of SALL4 inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LC cells. USP21 was transcriptionally activated by SALL4. Co‐IP and GST‐pull down confirmed USP21 interacted with YY1. USP21 protected YY1 from degradation through deubiquitination. Furthermore, overexpression of USP21 reversed the effect of knockdown of SALL4 on YY1 and EMT in LC cells. In general, SALL4 facilitated EMT of LC cells through modulating USP21/YY1 axis.
Sooner or later? A study of report timing
Authors: Menon Rahul , Nan Lin 
Published: October 2022

This study examines the optimal reporting time a regulator should choose for firms to report their information when the firms' effort choices influence the outcome of projects. Our analysis shows that, the regulator's optimal choice of reporting time to maximize overall efficiency is contingent on a trade‐off between motivating a firm's effort to improve the outcome and saving the liquidation value for the creditor to reduce the firm's financing cost. We also find that to induce the firm's effort, the reporting time should be either early enough or late enough—depending on the effectiveness of the effort to turn bad projects into successes. Furthermore, we examine the regulator's optimal choice of reporting time for an economy with heterogenous firms/industries, and we show that the optimal reporting time changes nonmonotonically in the probability of good projects in the economy.
Combining Cytotoxic Agents with Continuous Dose Levels in Seamless Phase I-II Clinical Trials
Authors: Jiménez José L. , Tighiouart Mourad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhase I-II cancer clinical trial designs are intended to accelerate drug development. In cases where efficacy cannot be ascertained in a short period of time, it is common to divide the study in two stages: (i) a first stage in which dose is escalated based only on toxicity data and we look for the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) set and (ii) a second stage in which we search for the most efficacious dose within the MTD set. Current available approaches in the area of continuous dose levels involve fixing the MTD after stage I and discarding all collected stage I efficacy data. However, this methodology is clearly inefficient when there is a unique patient population present across stages. In this article, we propose a two-stage design for the combination of two cytotoxic agents assuming a single patient population across the entire study. In stage I, conditional escalation with overdose control is used to allocate successive cohorts of patients. In stage II, we employ an adaptive randomisation approach to allocate patients to drug combinations along the estimated MTD curve, which is constantly updated. The proposed methodology is assessed with extensive simulations in the context of a real case study.
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein D selectively regulates the expression of genes in the immune system
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , Zheng Feng , Ke Jianjuan , Zhang Qianhui , Chen Min 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe immune response is critical for the elimination of pathogens. However, uncontrolled immune responses can lead to tissue damage and inflammatory diseases. The generation of an immune response requires the activation, differentiation and proliferation of various immune cells and the production of cytokines that are regulated directly or indirectly by multiple pathways, including posttranscriptional regulation by RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs). Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein D (hnRNPD), an RBP that is also known as AU‐rich elements/poly(U)‐binding/degradation factor 1 (AUF1), can regulate the expression of various target RNAs, including mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, by binding to their Au‐rich elements (AREs) or U‐/GU‐rich sequences. The target RNAs of hnRNPD range from cytokines, inflammatory receptors and growth factors to G protein‐coupled receptors; thus, hnRNPD influences various physiological processes, including the immune response. In addition, hnRNPD is strongly expressed in multiple lymphocytic tissues, suggesting that it may play an important role in the immune system. In this review, we discuss the roles of hnRNPD in the immune system and autoimmune diseases.
Immigrant status and neighborhood context on perceptions of police procedural justice
Authors: Yuan Yue , Wu Yuning , Vera Sanchez Claudio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the relationship between immigration generational status and people's perception of police procedural justice, net of individual‐level and neighborhood‐level control variables. It also explores the importance of contextual variables, particularly neighborhood foreign‐born concentration and collective efficacy, on residents’ perceptions of police procedural justice.MethodsWith a multi‐stage, clustered sample approach, we randomly selected census tracts in San José, California, and then households inside each tract were chosen to participate in a survey. We used multi‐level modeling to explore factors that were associated with procedural justice.ResultsResults show first‐generation immigrants, compared to second or third‐and‐plus‐generation immigrants, are more positive in their evaluations of police procedural justice. Results also show that neighborhood collective efficacy can significantly affect people's perceptions of procedural justice, even after controlling for individual‐level predictors and neighborhood characteristics.ConclusionBoth individual‐level immigration measures and neighborhood factors should be included in future research.
Education and polypharmacy: A national study of racial and ethnic variations
Authors: Hill Terrence D. , Ford Jason A. , Nicholson Harvey L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examine the association between college education and the number of medications used/misused in the past year. We also consider the possibility of differential socioeconomic returns to health for racial/ethnic minorities.MethodsThe data come from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 144,589).ResultsIn accordance with human capital theory, we found that, in the full sample and white subsample, college education was associated with lower levels of polypharmacy, even with adjustments for financial insecurity, health, and lifestyle. Consistent with the diminished return theory, we observed that college education was mostly unrelated to polypharmacy among black and Hispanic individuals. While health commodity theory was supported among Asians, health disparity theory was confirmed among individuals of other races and ethnicities.ConclusionThe most important implication of our study is that polypharmacy can be simultaneously structured by durable systems of social stratification, including education, race, and ethnicity.
Multifunctional chemical inhibitors of the florigen activation complex discovered by structure‐based high‐throughput screening
Authors: Taoka Ken‐ichiro , Kawahara Ikumi , Shinya Shoko , Harada Ken‐ichi , Yamashita Eiki , Shimatani Zenpei , Furuita Kyoko , Muranaka Tomoaki , Oyama Tokitaka , Terada Rie , Nakagawa Atsushi , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Kojima Chojiro 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYStructure‐based high‐throughput screening of chemical compounds that target protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is a promising technology for gaining insight into how plant development is regulated, leading to many potential agricultural applications. At present, there are no examples of using high‐throughput screening to identify chemicals that target plant transcriptional complexes, some of which are responsible for regulating multiple physiological functions. Florigen, a protein encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), was initially identified as a molecule that promotes flowering and has since been shown to regulate flowering and other developmental phenomena such as tuber formation in potato (Solanum tuberosum). FT functions as a component of the florigen activation complex (FAC) with a 14‐3‐3 scaffold protein and FD, a bZIP transcription factor that activates downstream gene expression. Although 14‐3‐3 is an important component of FAC, little is known about the function of the 14‐3‐3 protein itself. Here, we report the results of a high‐throughput in vitro fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) screening of chemical libraries that enabled us to identify small molecules capable of inhibiting FAC formation. These molecules abrogate the in vitro interaction between the 14‐3‐3 protein and the OsFD1 peptide, a rice (Oryza sativa) FD, by directly binding to the 14‐3‐3 protein. Treatment with S4, a specific hit molecule, strongly inhibited FAC activity and flowering in duckweed, tuber formation in potato, and branching in rice in a dose‐dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that the high‐throughput screening approach based on the three‐dimensional structure of PPIs is suitable in plants. In this study, we have proposed good candidate compounds for future modification to obtain inhibitors of florigen‐dependent processes through inhibition of FAC formation.
Frequency and characterization of RHD and RHCE variants in the Noir Marron population from French Guiana
Authors: Laget Laurine , Izard Caroline , Durieux‐Roussel Elisabeth , Filosa Lugdivine , Bailly Pascal , Mazières Stéphane , Chiaroni Jacques 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe RH system is one of the most polymorphic blood group systems due to the proximity and opposite orientation of RHD and RHCE genes. Numerous alleles are described and can affect Rh protein expression. This complexity is especially evident in populations of African origin. We performed RHD and RHCE genotyping of the Noir Marron population in French Guiana. This population belongs to the Maroon community who are direct descendants of African slaves, who escaped from Dutch plantations, in the current day Suriname, during the 17th century. They represent an original ethnic group with highly blended culture.Methods and materialsA total of 89 DNA samples were collected from four different ethnic groups of the Noir Marron population of French Guiana. RHD and RHCE genotyping was performed using DNA microarray and/or sequencing.Results and discussionSignificant allelic diversity was shown, with 45% of individuals presenting an RHD gene variant (most common: RHD*DAU, RHD*DIVa, and RHD*DIIIa allele) and 9.4% with a partial D phenotype. Likewise, 85% presenting an RHCE gene variant and 9% a partial RH2 antigen. One original allele was identified in two D+ Noir Marron individuals: a hybrid RHD*DIIIa‐CE(9)‐D allele, encoding probably a partial D antigen and associated with an RHCE*ce(48C,733G,1006T) allele.The African diversity of RHD and RHCE genes is found in this population with preserved genetic but mixed cultural backgrounds. These data allow us to describe the characteristics of the RH system antigen and highlights a significant number of partial antigens with a risk of alloimmunization.
Markers of tissue perfusion and their relation to mortality in dogs with blunt trauma
Authors: Poirier Maude , Stillion Jenefer R. , Boysen Søren R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate admission Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score, shock index (SI), and markers of perfusion, including base excess (BE), plasma lactate, and lactate clearance in dogs with blunt trauma.DesignProspective observational clinical study from 2013 to 2015.SettingPrivate veterinary referral and emergency center.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned dogs hospitalized following blunt trauma.InterventionWithin 1 hour of presentation and prior to fluid administration an initial hematocrit, total plasma protein, blood glucose, plasma lactate, blood gas, and electrolytes were obtained for analysis. Plasma lactate concentrations were also measured 4 and 8 hours following initial measurement, and a 4‐hour lactate clearance was calculated if patients had an increased admission plasma lactate. ATT score and SI were calculated for each patient based on admission data. Outcome was defined as survival to hospital discharge.Measurements and Main ResultsTwenty‐nine dogs survived, 14 were euthanized, and 1 died. Nonsurviving dogs had a lower mean pH (7.28 ± 0.03 vs 7.36 ± 0.01,P = 0.006), lower median HCO3(15.7 vs 18.8 mmol/L,P = 0.004), lower median admission BE (–11.0 vs –7.0 mmol/L,P = 0.004), and higher median admission lactate (3.1 vs 2.4 mmol/L,P = 0.036) than those who survived. Median ATT was significantly higher in nonsurvivors (5 vsF 2,P < 0.001). The SI was not significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors (P = 0.41). There was no difference in median 4‐hour lactate (P = 0.34), median 8‐hour lactate (P = 0.19), or 4‐hour lactate clearance (P = 0.83) in survivors compared to nonsurvivors. No other statistically significant differences were noted between groups.ConclusionDogs hospitalized following blunt trauma with a lower admission pH, HCO3, and BE and a higher admission plasma lactate were less likely to survive to hospital discharge. Median ATT score was also significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Although lactate clearance was not predictive of survival, the sample size was small, and additional studies with a larger study population are warranted.
Presumed erlotinib‐induced bilateral corneal ulcers in a dog with lung tumor
Authors: Jung Sunjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the corneal toxicity of erlotinib in dogs.Animal studiedA 13‐year‐old castrated male Maltese dog.ResultsA dog with lung cancer presented with a month‐long history of mucoid discharge and blepharospasm in both eyes. Corneal ulcerations with stromal thinning were diagnosed in both eyes, which were refractory after 2 weeks of treatment with topical antibiotics and artificial tears. The dog was orally administered erlotinib (Tarceva®) by his owner for 2 months to treat his lung cancer. Urgent withholding of erlotinib was recommended, and after 2 weeks of discontinuation, the corneal defects resolved; however, corneal thinning remained until the six‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsTo the best of author's knowledge, this is the first report in the veterinary literature that describes bilateral corneal ulcers associated with erlotinib administration in a dog.
Numerical Simulation of Diverting Fracturing for Staged Fracturing Horizontal Well in Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Zhao Jinzhou , Wang Zhenhua , Lin Ran , Ren Lan , Wu Jianfa , Wu Jianjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hydraulic fractures are difficult to initiate simultaneously during multi-cluster fracturing owing to the strong heterogeneity of shale reservoir and the stress interference effect between adjacent hydraulic fractures. Some hydraulic fractures can initiate early and propagate rapidly, whereas others exhibit late initiation (or even fail to initiate) and propagate slowly, resulting in non-uniform propagation behavior of multiple fractures. This non-uniform propagation behavior can significantly limit hydraulic fracturing performance in shale gas reservoirs. Therefore, the minimization of non-uniform propagation of multi-cluster fractures is important in improving the shale gas development. Currently, diverting fracturing technology is implemented to restrain overextended fractures while promoting restricted fractures to facilitate uniform propagation. Pumping diversion balls to block the perforations of overlong fractures has become an important method to improve non-uniform fracture propagation. This method is, however, limited by lagging behind of theoretical simulation, and significant blindness in the current implementation of diverting fracturing. A dynamic propagation model for multiple-cluster hydraulic fractures was established in the current study by considering the stress interference effect between adjacent fractures and the effect of flowrate dynamic adjustment by diversion balls. This model is effective for the dynamic simulation of fractures propagation after pumping diversion balls. A fractured well in the Changning block was used as an example for the simulation of the dynamic fracture’s extension and the distribution of SRV before and after diversion. The findings showed that the temporary plugging ball significantly promoted the uniform extension. The number of temporary plugging balls, the number of diversions, and the timing of diversion were then optimized. The simulation method developed in this study has important theoretical significance and field application value in guiding regulation of uniform expansion of fractures and improving optimization of diverting fracturing design.
A Novel Non-Intrusive Imaging Technique to Quantify Shrinkage of Elephant Foot Yam During Convective Drying
Authors: Singh Punit , Chakraborty Saurav , Talukdar Prabal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current work discusses the design and development of a novel convective drying system which predicts both the drying and the shrinkage characteristics of any food material simultaneously at different drying air velocities and temperatures. In the present work, the shrinkage characteristics of a cylindrical-shaped Elephant Foot Yam (EFY) food sample are determined by a non-intrusive imaging method. The top- and side-view images of the EFY sample at drying air velocities of 2, 4, and 6 m/s and at air temperatures of 313, 323, and 333 K are captured and processed using an in-house image processing code. The shrinkage characteristics reveal the nature of the transient variation of the bulk volume and the bulk density of the EFY with its moisture content. Suitable correlations developed for the bulk volume of the EFY suggest that it varies quadratically with moisture content, whereas the bulk density varies exponentially with moisture content for all drying conditions. It was also found that the developed methodology can predict the transient volume and density of the drying EFY sample for different cases of air velocities and temperature with significant accuracies.
Development of a Modular, Adaptable and Scalable Gravity Anchor System for Various Floating Foundations
Authors: Flores Ganuza Imanol , Wahrendorf Johannes , Hlawatsch Eva , Adam Frank , Großmann Jochen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A significant requirement for the further development of floating wind turbines is the reduction of cost and fabrication time. This can be achieved through a universally applicable anchor design, that can be utilized in almost all use cases and that enables decentralized and industrialized mass production.
For this reason, a universal modular and scalable gravity anchor system was developed and is presented within this paper. The gravity anchor system consists of reinforced concrete modules which can be combined with each other by a connector system in order to scale the mass and bearing surface. Each module weighs approximately 1000 tons. A “module kit” of several modules for the various functions of a gravity anchor structure was developed. This enables a wide range of adaption of the structure to fit the specific requirements of the case. The modules can be produced decentralized and transported to a dry dock, where a time and cost-efficient assembly takes place.
The installation process of the anchor is fast and cost efficient and almost independent of the water depth. The modules of the anchor are hollow inside and therefore buoyant. During installation process the modules are filled with water. Transport and installation of the anchor can be done by simple tug boats.
The anchor is suitable for almost all seabed types, environmental impact during installation is kept to a minimum. Due to modularity the anchor system can be optimally adapted to all types of floating structures, mooring configurations and seabed conditions and can be used both as a single-point and as a multi-point anchor in a wind farm.
Influence on Structural Loading of a Wave Energy Converter by Controlling Variable-Geometry Components and the Power Take-Off
Authors: Husain Salman , Davis Jacob , Tom Nathan , Thiagarajan Krish , Burge Cole , Nguyen Nhu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Oceans are harsh environments and can impose significant loads on deployed structures. The deployment of wave energy converters (WECs) faces a design challenge with apparently contradictory goals. A WEC should be designed to maximize the energy absorbed while ensuring the operating wave condition does not exceed the failure limits of the device itself. Therefore, the loads endured by the support structure are a design constraint for the system. Adaptability to different sea states is, therefore, highly desirable. This work uses a WEC-Sim model of a variable-geometry oscillating wave energy converter (VGOSWEC) mounted on a support structure simulated under different wave scenarios. A VGOSWEC resembles a paddle pitching about a fixed hinge perpendicular to the incoming wave fronts. Therefore, the hinge experiences loads perpendicular to its axis as it maintains its position. The geometry of the VGOSWEC is varied by opening a series of controllable flaps on the pitching paddle when the structure experiences threshold loads. Because opening the flaps lets the waves transmit through the paddle, it is hypothesized that opening the flaps should result in load shedding at the base of the support structure. The load shedding is achieved by reducing the moments about the hinge axis. This work compares the hydrodynamic coefficients, natural periods, and response amplitude operators from completely closed to completely open configurations of the controllable flaps. The comparisons quantify the effects of letting the waves transmit through the VGOSWEC. This work shows that the completely open configuration can reduce the pitch and surge loads on the base of the support structure by as much as 80%. It was observed that at the paddle’s resonance frequency, the loads on the structure increased substantially. This increase in loads can be mitigated by a rotational power take-off damping about the hinge axis. Changing the rotational power take-off damping was identified as an additional design parameter that can be used to control the loads experienced by the WEC’s support structure.