bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragmented QRS in the relatives of patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Abuş Sabri , Afşin Abdulmecit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the important causes of mortality. It has been emphasized that the risk of CAD may be increased in the relatives of CAD patients. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is an electrocardiography (ECG) marker showing myocardial damage.MethodsA study group of 62 symptomatic individuals (31 males, mean age 38.5 ± 7.12 years) with first‐degree relatives with coronary artery disease and 64 healthy volunteers (24 males, mean age 37.9 ± 11.6 years) were included in this study. The study did not include those with known cardiac disease, metabolic disease, or drug use that may cause a change in ECG parameters.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups regarding gender, heart rate, QRS complex, QTc, frontal QRS‐T angle, and left ventricle ejection fraction. Compared to the control group, the QT interval and fQRS count were significantly higher in the study group (p < .05 for both). Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), hemoglobin, and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p < .05 for all).ConclusionsOur study showed that fQRS was increased in individuals with symptomatic first‐degree relatives with coronary artery disease compared to healthy volunteers.
The persistent publication glass ceiling: an analysis of gender authorship trends in ANZ Journal of Surgery
Authors: Sakowska Magda M. , Toffoletti Kim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundwomen historically have been underrepresented in the field of academic publishing. This study aims to analyse ANZJS gender authorship trends and compare this to the proportion of women in surgery in Australia/NZ using RACS demographic data to provide parity context.MethodsThis is a bibliographic gender analysis of ANZJS publications from 2002 to 2021; articles were analysed using a web‐based application classifying gender from names.ResultsThere were 7265 articles analysed. Gender was predicted for 87% (6303/7265) first‐, 89% (5847/6439) last‐ and 98% (323/329) editorial first‐authors. There were 1269/6303 (20%) women first‐authors, this increased from 14% to 27% (p = 0.001) over time. Eleven percent (654/5847) of last‐authors were women, this proportion remained unchanged (p = 0.09). Eleven (3%) editorials were first‐authored by women, with 3/329 (1%) as solo‐author.ConclusionNumbers of women authors remain low in ANZJS, although the percentage of women first‐authors has increased over time. However, if being last‐author serves as a measure of senior academic supervision, and, editorial authorship shows leadership in one's field, women authors in these positions, in ANZJS, represent a small minority.
Clinicopathologic and survival differences between adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and gastro‐oesophageal junction
Authors: Paredes Steven Ronald , Wong Ngar Lok Joshua , Khoma Oleksandr , Park Jin‐soo , Kennedy Catherine , Van der Wall Hans , Falk Gregory Leighton 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus (DO) and gastro‐oesophageal junction (GOJ) are increasing. They may represent differing disease processes. This study aimed to assess clinicopathological and survival differences between patients with DO and GOJ adenocarcinomas.MethodsData were extracted from a prospective single‐surgeon database of consecutive patients undergoing an open Ivor‐Lewis oesophagectomy for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (distal oesophagus, Siewert type I and II). Differences in clinicopathological characteristics and survival were evaluated and prognostic factors examined using univariate and multivariate survival analyses.ResultsThe data were available for 234 patients who underwent an oesophagectomy between 1992 and 2019. DO tumours had higher rates of Barrett's oesophagus (P < 0.001), presented with lower tumour stage (P = 0.02) and were more likely to be associated with fewer lymph nodes resected (P = 0.003) than GOJ tumours. The median overall survival for distal oesophageal tumours was 29.2 months, while gastro‐oesophageal tumours was 38.6 months. Kaplan Meier analysis did not show a difference in overall survival between the two groups (P = 0.08). However, when adjusted for potential confounders, GOJ tumours were associated with a reduced adjusted hazard of death (adjusted HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.92, P = 0.022) compared with DO tumours.ConclusionThis study suggests that GOJ cancers have different clinicopathological characteristics and improved survival compared to DO tumours.
Sex determination and optimal development in the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica
Authors: Marques Valéria , Riaño Gabriel , Carretero Miguel A. , Silva‐Rocha Iolanda , Rato Catarina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnder temperature sex determination (TSD), sex is determined by temperature during embryonic development. Depending on ecological and physiological traits and plasticity, TSD species may face demographic collapse due to climate change. In this context, asymmetry in bilateral organisms can be used as a proxy for developmental instability and, therefore, deviations from optimal incubation conditions. Using Tarentola mauritanica gecko as a model, this study aimed first to confirm TSD, its pattern and pivotal temperature, and second to assess the local adaptation of TSD and variation of asymmetry patterns across four populations under different thermal regimes. Eggs were incubated at different temperatures, and hatchlings were sexed and measured. The number of lamellae was counted in adults and hatchlings. Results were compatible with a TSD pattern with males generated at low and females at high incubation temperatures. Estimated pivotal temperature coincided with the temperature producing lower embryonic mortality, evidencing selection towards balanced sex ratios. The temperature of oviposition was conservatively selected by gravid females. Asymmetry patterns found were likely related to nest temperature fluctuations. Overall, the rigidity of TSD may compromise reproductive success, and demographic stability in this species in case thermal nest choice becomes constrained by climate change.
Do Black birthing persons prefer a Black health care provider during birth? Race concordance in birth
Authors: Bogdan‐Lovis Elizabeth , Zhuang Jie , Goldbort Joanne , Shareef Sameerah , Bresnahan Mary , Kelly‐Blake Karen , Elam Kendra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor many years in the United States, there has been an active discussion about whether race concordance between care providers and patients contributes to better health outcomes. Although beneficial provider–patient communication effects have been associated with concordance, there is minimal evidence for concordance benefits to health outcomes.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted including 200 Black mothers who had given birth within the last 2 years asking about the perceived racial identity of their birth health provider, whether they preferred to have Black women providers, and the intersection between race and gender concordance on birth outcomes. In addition to race and gender concordance, other variables were tested for their impact on birth satisfaction including respect, trust for the care provider, perceived competence, care provider empathy, and inclusive communication.ResultsForty‐one percent of the mothers in this study were assisted in birth by a Black woman provider. Although patient–provider concordance did not result in measurable health outcomes, it is clear that compared to other studies of birth satisfaction among Black birthing persons, this study showed relatively higher levels of satisfaction, perceived trust, empathy, perceived provider competence, inclusive communication, and equal respect for both concordant and discordant care providers.ConclusionsAlthough many participants showed a preference for race concordance, participants equally valued respect, competence, and trust with their care providers. Further community‐based research needs to be conducted to examine whether race, gender, and cultural concordance results in other beneficial health outcomes.KeywordsBlack mothers and providers,Black OB/GYNs,concordance andhealth outcomes,health outcomesrace concordance in birth
Divergent Valuation Languages, Sustainability and Environmental Governance: Lessons from a Mining Conflict in Catamarca, Argentina
Authors: Christel Lucas G. , Möhle Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough many studies focus on environmental conflict and debates around sustainable development, more research is needed to deepen the understanding of the links between the frames upheld by actors involved in environmental conflicts and governance processes. We propose a dialogue between political ecology and governance to study how divergent valuations of the environment shape intense and long‐term mining conflicts and impact on environmental governance. Focusing on the case of La Alumbrera in Argentina, we argue that three factors disrupt environmental governance and deepen the conflict: divergent valuations that consolidate a growing distance among the images portrayed by the actors; the unequal emphasis that the actors place on the problems and solutions that mining generates; and the inability of the state and mining corporations to process the notions of difference that emerge from the territories.
The effect of bottomset on fluviodeltaic land‐building process: Numerical modelling and physical experiment
Authors: Kim Minsik , Kim Wonsuck , Nahm Wook‐Hyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe loss of land in coastal regions is an emerging topic across the scientific community, as many countries struggle to minimize the consequences of an accelerating relative sea‐level rise. Various methods have been attempted to mitigate land loss, and river diversion for the Mississippi River Delta, which makes use of the natural river delta‐building process, has been proposed and significantly examined. Prior delta‐building models predicted possible ranges of new delta‐building rates and verified the feasibility of reduction in land loss on the Louisiana coast by river diversion by only considering the delta topset and foreset deposition without incorporating the muddy bottomsets because sand was regarded as the main delta‐building sediment, and mud was treated as washload. Since sand flux is significantly smaller than mud flux in most coastal rivers and muddy bottomsets are common in most deltas, it is critical to understand the depositional processes of mud in deltas. Here, we present the results of a coupled numerical modelling and flume experiment that includes a moving boundary at the foreset‐bottomset break in addition to the shoreline. We find that bottomset aggradation can accelerate the shoreline progradation by decreasing the foreset length (i.e., depth at the delta front). We also apply our model to a field scale based on parameters taken from the Wax Lake Delta. When 10%–50% of the mud supplied to the delta is retained in the bottomset, the subaerial delta area increases by 4.4%–25.4% compared to that in a delta with no bottomset accumulation. Therefore, considering the bottomset in land‐building modelling can provide more accurate predictions for a new land‐building area by river diversion.
The acquisition of the gender‐brilliance stereotype: Age trajectory, relation to parents' stereotypes, and intersections with race/ethnicity
Authors: Zhao Siqi , Setoh Peipei , Storage Daniel , Cimpian Andrei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPast research has explored children's gender stereotypes about specific intellectual domains, such as mathematics and science, but less is known about the acquisition of domain‐general stereotypes about the intellectual abilities of women and men. During 2017 and 2018, the authors administered Implicit Association Tests to Chinese Singaporean adults and 8‐ to 12‐year‐olds (N = 731; 58% female) to examine the gender stereotype that portrays exceptional intellectual ability (e.g., genius, brilliance) as a male attribute. This gender‐brilliance stereotype was present among adults and children and for both Chinese and White stereotype targets. It also was stronger among older children and among children whose parents also showed it. This early‐emerging stereotype may be an obstacle to gender equity in many prestigious employment sectors.
Short and ultra‐short (<6‐mm) locking‐taper implants supporting single crowns in posterior areas (part II): A 5‐year retrospective study on periodontally healthy patients and patients with a history of periodontitis
Authors: Lombardo Giorgio , Signoriello Annarita , Pardo Alessia , Serpa Romero Xiomara Zilena , Vila Sierra Luis Armando , Arévalo Tovar Luisa , Marincola Mauro , Nocini Pier Francesco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundShort and ultra‐short implants implants supporting single crowns seem to demonstrate high percentages of survival and stable marginal bone levels at a mid‐term follow‐up. Nevertheless, insurgence of peri‐implant complications still represents a critical issue, especially for patients with history of periodontitis.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate implant survival, marginal bone loss and peri‐implant complications in 333 short and ultra‐short implants, placed in periodontally healthy patients and patients with a history of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsImplants were placed in the maxillary and mandibular posterior regions of 142 patients with (PP) and without (NPP) a history of periodontitis. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 5‐year recall appointments.ResultsImplants respectively placed in PP and NPP were: 35.68% and 42.50% in 8.0 mm‐length group, 33.33% and 36.67% in 6.0 mm‐length group, and 30.99% and 20.83% in 5.0 mm‐length group. Implant‐based survival after 5 years of follow‐up was 95.77% for PP and 96.67% for NPP (p = 0.77). Regarding crestal bone level variations, average crestal bone loss was statistically different (p = 0.04) among PP (0.74 mm) and NPP (0.61 mm). Implants presenting signs of mucositis were 6.86% in PP and 7.76% in NPP (p = 0.76). Setting the threshold for excessive bone loss at 1 mm after 60 months, peri‐implantitis prevalence was 7.84% in PP and 2.59% in NPP (p = 0.08). Overall implant success was 92.16% and 97.41%, respectively, for PP and NPP.ConclusionsUnder strict maintenance program, five‐year outcomes suggest that short and ultra‐short locking‐taper implants can be successfully restored with single crowns in the posterior jaws both in PP and NPP.
The role of alcohol consumption on echocardiographic and electrophysiologic changes in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sha Rina , Rong Bing , Zhang Kai , Chen Tongshuai , Wang Juntao , Han Wenqiang , Liu Huiyu , Liu Aihua , Lin Mingjie , Zhong Jingquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundA wealth of evidence suggests that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF); however, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. This makes it challenging to develop therapeutic strategies in patients with AF attributed to alcohol consumption.PurposeTo investigate the echocardiographic and electrophysiologic changes caused by alcohol consumption in patients with AF.MethodsThe study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number ChiCTR2000041575). Data on 134 consecutive non‐valvular AF patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation in our center was collected from April 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Patients were divided into no‐alcohol (72) and alcohol groups [categorized into light (34), moderate (11) and heavy (17) alcohol consumption]. All patients underwent echocardiographic and electrophysiologic examinations for the assessment of left atrial (LA) strain, inter‐atrial conduction, intra‐atrial conduction, and atrial effective refractory period (ERP).ResultsOverall, the mean age was 61 ± 11 years and 87 (65%) were males. Compared with the no‐alcohol group, impaired peak LA longitudinal strain, obvious inter‐atrial conduction delay and increasing ERP dispersion were observed in the alcohol group. Intra‐atrial conduction delay and ERP dispersion increased with increasing amounts of alcohol consumption.ConclusionAlcohol consumption was associated with substantial abnormal echocardiographic and electrophysiologic changes in AF patients. These changes may contribute to the occurrence and progression of AF attributed to alcohol consumption, which may help in the development of new strategies for the prevention and management of AF. However further investigation is required.
Climate change influence on brook trout populations in the Central Appalachians
Authors: Andrew Ross G. , Schwinghamer Christopher W. , Hartman Kyle J. , Briggs Emilee E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExamining variation in fish populations over time is strengthened when climatic variations are understood and incorporated into analyses. We used a 18‐year brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) data set with samples across a ~4800 km2 spatial area in the Central Appalachian Mountains, combined with PRISM climate data at the HUC‐12 subwatershed level to investigate temporal trends of each. We found significant increases in air temperature (p < .01) with no significant trends in precipitation across time, including no trends in changes in variation of temperature and precipitation also. Extreme rainfall events (# of days above 95% percentile for total daily precipitation in a year) and consecutive dry days (cumulative # of consecutive days with <3 mm precipitation in a year) were also examined and produced no significantly changing trends over time. Using random forests, seasonal climate variables identified as changing over time explained 35.1% of the variability in young‐of‐the‐year brook trout abundance over the 18‐year monitoring period. The same procedure explained 25.1% of the variability in juvenile abundance and only 5.1% in adult abundance. Variable selection following random forest generation illustrated significant effects for winter and spring precipitation (both negative on young‐of‐the‐year abundance. Spring degree days and spring precipitation both had significant negative effects on juvenile abundance. Random effects for stream and year explained a maximum of 27.7% and 10.8% of the variation in abundance across all models. A significant, positive interaction between spring degree days and precipitation was also identified, lending support to the important balance between temperature and flow in these systems that is critical to brook trout persistence. This work provides long‐term evidence to help understand the dynamics of these sentinel headwater fish populations as they experience a changing climate.
No robust multispecies coexistence in a canonical model of plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Miller Zachary R. , Lechón‐Alonso Pablo , Allesina Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are considered a key mechanism generating frequency‐dependent dynamics in plant communities. Negative feedbacks, in particular, are often invoked to explain coexistence and the maintenance of diversity in species‐rich communities. However, the primary modelling framework used to study PSFs considers only two plant species, and we lack clear theoretical expectations for how these complex interactions play out in communities with natural levels of diversity. Here, we extend this canonical model of PSFs to include an arbitrary number of plant species and analyse the dynamics. Surprisingly, we find that coexistence of more than two species is virtually impossible, suggesting that alternative theoretical frameworks are needed to describe feedbacks observed in diverse natural communities. Drawing on our analysis, we discuss future directions for PSF models and implications for experimental study of PSF‐mediated coexistence in the field.
Spatial configuration learning in Vespula germanica forager wasps
Authors: Moreyra Sabrina , Lozada Mariana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we sought to evaluate spatial learning in V. germanica wasps when dealing with environmental changes while localising food in a Y‐maze. We analysed whether foragers learn the spatial configuration of a Y‐maze and remember the location of the entrance when the position of vertical and horizontal cues was modified after a single collecting experience. Four experiments were performed in order to assess how returning wasps localise the previously rewarded site under contextual changes (N = 84). The results demonstrate that wasps learned the spatial configuration of a Y‐maze, after one visit, in all given circumstances. Foragers chose to re‐enter the maze through the entrance, irrespective of the contextual changes in the vertical cues or the relative geographical position of the Y‐maze (horizontal cues). Moreover, our findings reveal that wasps responded differently in relation to the location of the vertical and horizontal cues on their second visit. When the horizontal cues were kept in the original position after the first visit, wasps ignored the novel location of the vertical cues. Conversely, when the position of the Y‐maze was changed, the cylinders seemed to have had a greater influence on the initial wasps' response. The current investigation confirms previous findings on the versatile behaviour of V. germanica when dealing with modifications in anthropised scenarios, which might favour its establishment in novel territories suffering from unpredictable environmental changes due to the climate crisis.
Relationship quality and support for family policy during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: James Spencer , Ben Brik Anis , Jorgensen‐Wells McKell , Esteinou Rosario , Acero Iván Darío Moreno , Mesurado Belén , Debeljuh Patricia , Orellana Olivia Nuñez 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examined how relationship satisfaction changed during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, as well as how relationship satisfaction related to public policy support.BackgroundConservation of resources (COR) theory suggests that societal‐level stressors (such as a global pandemic) threaten familial and individual resources, straining couple relationships. Relationship satisfaction is in turn linked with important individual, familial, and societal outcomes, necessitating research on how COVID‐19 impacted this facet of relationships.MethodDrawing from an international project on COVID‐19 and family life, participants included 734 married and cohabiting American parents of children under 18 years of age.ResultsFindings revealed relationship satisfaction declined moderately compared to retrospective reports of relationship satisfaction prior to the pandemic. This decline was more precipitous for White individuals, women, parents less involved in their children's lives, and those reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms. We also found that higher relationship satisfaction was associated with higher levels of support for family policy, particularly for men. At higher levels of relationship satisfaction, men and women had similarly high levels of support for family policy, while at lower levels, women's support for family policy was significantly higher.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic likely amplified facets of social inequality, which is especially concerning when considering the large socioeconomic gaps prior to the pandemic.ImplicationsTherapists, researchers, and policy makers should examine how relationship satisfaction may have changed during the pandemic because relationship satisfaction is linked to child and adult well‐being and relationship dissolution. Further, the link between relationship satisfaction and support for family policy deserves further scrutiny.