bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The modes of agricultural practices embraced by the people of Abogeta Sub County before the period 1937-1980
Authors: Lydia Gaceri Kaburu  , Caroline Mucece Kithinji  , Dickson K. Nkonge  
Published: October 2022

Agricultural activities are very crucial part of a people’s economic engagements. This study is about a history on the transition from subsistence to cash crop farming in Abogeta Sub-County in Meru County, Kenya, from 1937-1980. The main economic activity of the people in Abogeta Sub County is farming and keeping livestock. Before 1937 farming practices were mainly for subsistence. Crops grown included millet, sorghum, peas, arrowroots, yams, beans and cowpeas. However many changes have occurred in the agricultural sector by 1937. The purpose of this study was to examine the transition from subsistence to cash crop farming and its effects on food production in Abogeta Sub County of Meru from 1937 to 1980. The study aimed at investigating the modes of agricultural practices embraced by the people of Abogeta Sub County from 19371980. The study employed descriptive research design to describe the events as they occurred systematically. The target population was 179608 as per 2019 census. A total of 30 respondents were randomly sampled and interviewed from Abogeta Sub County. The instruments of data collection were interview schedules, focused group discussions and observation schedule. The study revealed that traditionally people from Abogeta Sub County engaged in subsistence farming. The study also noted that the transition had both positive and negative impacts on people of Abogeta. Policy makers in the government may use the study to find solutions to food insecurity in Abogeta Sub County of Meru-County.
The realization of autonomous, aircraft-based, real-time aerosol mass spectrometry in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Dragoneas Antonis , Molleker Sergej , Appel Oliver , Hünig Andreas , Böttger Thomas , Hermann Markus , Drewnick Frank , Schneider Johannes , Weigel Ralf , Borrmann Stephan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We report on the developments that enabled the field deployment of a fully automated aerosol mass spectrometer, especially designed for high-altitude measurements on unpressurized aircraft. The merits of the two main categories of real-time aerosol mass spectrometry, i.e. (a) single-particle laser desorption and ionization and (b) continuous thermal
desorption and electron impact ionization of aerosols, have been integrated
into one compact apparatus with the aim to perform in situ real-time
analysis of aerosol chemical composition. The demonstrated instrument, named the ERICA (European Research Council Instrument for Chemical composition of Aerosols), operated successfully aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica at altitudes up to 20 km while being exposed to ambient conditions of
very low atmospheric pressure and temperature. A primary goal of those field deployments was the in situ study of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL). During 11 research flights, the instrument operated for more than 49 h and collected chemical composition information of more than 150 000 single particles combined with quantitative chemical composition analysis of aerosol particle ensembles. This paper presents in detail the technical characteristics of the main constituent parts of the instrument, as well as the design considerations for its integration into the aircraft and its autonomous operation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Additionally, system performance data from the first field deployments of the instrument are presented and discussed, together with exemplary mass spectrometry data collected during those flights.
Early life stages of a Mediterranean coral are vulnerable to ocean warming and acidification
Authors: Carbonne Chloe , Comeau Steeve , Chan Phoebe T. W. , Plichon Keyla , Gattuso Jean-Pierre , Teixidó Núria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The ability of coral populations to recover from disturbance depends on larval dispersion and recruitment. While ocean warming and acidification effects on adult corals are well documented, information on early life stages is comparatively scarce. Here, we investigate whether ocean warming and acidification can affect the larval and recruit development of the Mediterranean azooxanthellate coral Astroides calycularis. Larvae and recruits were raised for 9 months at ambient (23 ∘C) and warm
(26 ∘C) temperatures and ambient (8.0) and low pH (7.7, on the
total scale). The timing of the larval metamorphosis, growth of the recruit polyp by linear extension and budding, and skeletal characteristics of the
9-month-old polyps were monitored. Settlement and metamorphosis were more
successful and hastened under a warm temperature. In contrast, low pH
delayed the metamorphosis and affected the growth of the recruits by reducing the calcified area of attachment to the substrate as well as by diminishing the skeleton volume and the number of septa. However, skeleton density was higher under low pH and ambient temperature. The warm temperature and low-pH treatment had a negative impact on the survival, settlement, and growth of recruits. This study provides evidence of the threat represented by ocean warming and acidification for the larval recruitment and the growth of recruits of A. calycularis.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND CONDITION FACTOR OF CLIMBING PERCH (ANABAS TESTUDINEUS, BLOCH)
Authors: Mostafa Zubaer Bin , Tareque A.M. Hasnein Bin , Rasel Md. Shahi Emran , Rahman S.M. Mustafizur 
Published: October 2022

Length-weight relationship, condition factor and relative condition factor of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch) were studied over a period of eleven months from April 2007 to February 2008. A total of 297 fish samples were collected from Khulna and Bagerhat districts. The length-weight relationship of A. testudineus was linear and the equations for total length-body weight and standard length-body weight were (r2=0.94) and (r2=0.94), respectively. The coefficient of correlation indicates that the relationship between length and weight of the fish was highly significant. The maximum and the minimum values of the condition factor were 24.594 (body weight 26.1 g) and 17.809 (body weight 18.9 g), respectively with the mean value of 20.522±1.248. The relative condition factor varied from 0.883 (body weight 12.7 g) to 1.225 (body weight 26.1g) with the mean value of 1.014±0.061.
ORIGIN, HABITAT AND ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF SOME BONY FISHES AVAILABLE IN KHULNA DIVISION, BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman M.K. , Akhter J.N. , Mondal S. , Mostafa M. , Huq K.A. 
Published: October 2022

The study identified the origin, habitat and ecological classification of 78 bony fish species belonging to 30 families available in Khulna division. Of the total fish species, 9 were found exotic. Among the collected 78 species, a total of 69 fish species were inhabitants of freshwaters while 4 were found in both fresh and brackish waters and the rest 5 species were found in both brackish and marine waters. The collected fishes belonged to eight trophic guilds; carnivore (43) was the dominant group followed by omnivore (16), insectivore (5), planktivore (5), benthivore (4) and larvivore (1). The fishes also represented eight reproductive guilds; phytolithophil (35) was the most dominant guild followed by phytophil (20), pelagophil (6), psammophil (6), guarder (4), bubble nester (4) and mouth brooder (1). The present study indicates that Khulna Division is very rich in fish biodiversity having diverse forms of trophic and reproduction guilds.
Model pembelajaran STAD untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar bahasa indonesia siswa kelas XII IPS 1 tahun pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Suhiroh Indriati 
Published: October 2022

Sampai saat ini, mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia masih menjadi pelajaran wajib pada setiap jenjang pendidikan.Sayangnya, banyak kendala yang dihadapi seorang guru untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswanya. Model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams Achievements Divisions) diharapkan mampu membantu siswa mengatasi permasalahan ini. Adapun hal yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini, (a) bagaimanakah peningkatan prestasi belajar Bahasa Indonesia dengan diterapkannya pembelajaran STAD pada siswa Kelas XII IPS1 SMA Negeri 2 Lumajang tahun pelajaran 2022/2023, (b) bagaimanakah pengaruh pembelajaran terhadap STAD terhadap motivasi belajar Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa kelas XII IPS 1 SMAN 2 Lumajang Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga siklus Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas XII IPS 1 SMA Negeri 2 Lumajang tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil uji kompetensi, lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil analisis hasil penelitian didapatkan data bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus III yaitu, siklus I (68), siklus II (72), siklus III (78). Sedangkan tingkat ketuntasan belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia juga meningkat, yaitu siklus I (60%), siklus II (80%), siklus III (92%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran STAD dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi dan motivasi belajar siswa Kelas XII IPS 1 SMA Negeri 2 Lumajang tahun pelajaran 2022/2023, serta model pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia.
Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pelanggan Untuk Menggunakan Jasa Salon Bunda Rida
Authors: Adriana Fitri , Zainuddin Muh Zabir , HM Suyuti , Utha Rasidin 
Published: October 2022

The Effect of Service Quality and Price on Customer's Decision to Use The Services of Bunda Rida Salon. Thesis, Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business. Guide I: Mr. H.Muh.Zabir Zainuddin, and Mentor II: Mr. Suyuti HM. This research aims to find out the influence of service quality and price on customer decisions to use the services of Salon Bunda Rida. To achieve these goals, qualitative and quantitative data, data collection techniques are used with observations, interviews, and documentation. The population in this study is a customer of Salon Bunda Rida. The samples in this study used multivariate analysis (correlation or multiple regression), then the number of sample members was at least 10 times the variables studied (independent + dependent). In this study there are 2 independent variables and 1 dependent variable (there are 3 variables), then 3 x 10 = 30. So the number of samples in this study is as many as 30 respondents. . The data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses and using hypothesis tests, i.e. partial t tests and simultaneous F tests. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant and positive influence between the quality of service and price on the decisions of customers, both partially and simultaneously.
PKMS PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN TENSIMETER DAN PEMERIKSAAN JANTUNG DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN HIPERTENSI DAN KOMPLIKASINYA PADA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI KAMPUNG BENGKETANG KECAMATAN TABUKAN UTARA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Tinungki Yeanneke Liesbeth 
Published: October 2022

Hipertensi merupakan silent killer dimana gejalanya sangat bermacam-macam pada setiap individu. Salah satu upaya promotif dan preventif adalah melakukan deteksi dini hipertensi yang memerlukan pelatihan pengukuran tekanan darah, menggunakan tensimeter dan pemeriksaan EKG. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memberikan edukasi kesehatan dan motivasi kepada masyarakat untuk dapat memanfaatkan layanan kesehatan agar hipertensi dapat dicegah dan komplikasi dapat dideteksi. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi. Tahapan pelaksanaan meliputi tahap penyuluhan kesehatan, pelatihan penggunaan tensimeter, pemeriksaan jantung (EKG). Hasil PKMS menunjukkan bahwa tahapan pelaksanaan, tahapan penyuluhan kesehatan, pelatihan penggunaan tensimeter dan pemeriksaan EKG semuanya berjalan baik dan lancar. PKMS dilaksanakan satu hari yakni tanggal 29 Juli 2021. Jumlah peserta 24 orang, yang memiliki hipertensi berjumlah 15 orang. Pemeriksaan jantung ada 17 orang, berirama sinus 5 orang, sinus takikardia 3 orang, sinus bradikardia berjumlah 8 orang, sinus Takikardia AV Node Junctional berjumlah 1 orang. Kesimpulan pelaksanaan PKMS terlaksana dengan baik.

Hypertension is a silent killer where the symptoms vary greatly in each individual. One of the promotive and preventive efforts is to carry out early detection of hypertension requires training in measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer and ECG examination. The purpose of this community service is to provide health education and motivate the community to take advantage of the health services provided so that recurrences due to hypertension can be prevented and complications can be detected. Implementation of the health education stage, training stage were used sphygmomanometer, and the heart examination (EKG so all went well and smoothly. PKMS was held a day on July 29, 2021. The number of participants was 24 people and 15 people have hypertension. 17 people heart examination, 5 people sinus rhythm, 3 people sinus tachycardia, 8 people sinus bradycardia, 1 person AV Node Junctional sinus tachycardia. The conclusion of PKMS implementation was well done.
REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH ASIA: UTOPIA OR REALITY?
Authors: Niaz Muhammad Tariq 
Published: October 2022

South Asia comprises almost one-quarter of the world’s population. It faces a host of disputes of varying natures, including armed conflicts, proxy wars, and religious and ethnic strife. Despite its deplorable state of human security and impoverished people, South Asia is considered the least integrated region globally. Approximately 1.99 billion people suffer in terms of energy, food, water and health security due to conflicts and hostile interstate relationships. This paper analyses the socio-political and security environment of the region and explores the impediments to regional integration. Focusing on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, it highlights that the idea of regional integration cannot be realized without resolving core issues. Economic cooperation between regional countries can only be achieved if integration models like the European Union and Association of South East Asian Nations are considered with necessary deviations.

Bibliography Entry
Niaz, Muhammad Tariq. 2022. "Regional Integration in South Asia: Utopia or Reality?" Margalla Papers 26 (1): 108-120.
INDIAN POLITICAL DOCTRINES: UNDERSTANDING INTERNAL SECURITY DYNAMICS OF INDIA IMPACTING PAKISTAN
Authors: Malik Tassawar Aziz , Qayyum Sehrish 
Published: October 2022

Strategic culture involves diplomatic ties, geopolitical orientation and political ideology involving the military. India’s strategic culture orientates pro-nationalist policies, emphasizing the business progression of a specific class, discriminating in exercising minority rights, and imbalancing diplomatic ties with neighbouring states for regional hegemony. Indian leadership, from Jawaharlal Nehru to Narendra Modi, has kept regional dominance as a primary Indian strategic objective. More importantly, the Indian strategic community has carefully maintained narrative linking insurgencies with its neighbours, especially Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis of Indian political doctrines explains how internal security challenges of India are shaping its strategic culture and stance towards Pakistan. It includes contextualizing the concept of strategic culture and modelling Indian strategic culture to the scope of research. The impact of Indian strategic culture on Pakistan is multi-dimensional, ranging from combat capabilities to international presence at international forums like the UN and FATF. The research proposes policy options and action points for Pakistan. The paper establishes three fundamental aspects. First, the Indian strategic thoughts are rooted in Kautilyian discourse. Second, linking Pakistan with insurgencies in India. Third, with the rise of Hindutva through the BJP with a conducive geostrategic environment, India has resorted to an offensive-defensive strategy towards Pakistan. With these interpretations, the research paves the way for identifying policy options for Pakistan while considering Pakistan’s national interests.

Bibliography Entry
Malik, Tassawar Aziz, and Sehrish Qayyum. 2022. "Indian Political Doctrines: Understanding Internal Security Dynamics of India Impacting Pakistan." Margalla Papers 26 (1): 18-33.
POWER REALIGNMENT IN SOUTH ASIA – AN OUTCOME OF BRI (CPEC)
Authors: Khawaja Asma Shakir , Raza Imran 
Published: October 2022

Pakistan and China, through CPEC, have uplifted decade’s old and time-tested bondage to the zenith of economic cooperation on a win-win basis. In the Chinese equation, BRI (CPEC – an integral part of BRI) is an initiative for the economic integration of the global community in the 21st century. In contrast, the US endeavours to ensure the implementation of international order at sea through its Indo-Pacific strategy. Considerable academic work has been undertaken distinctly on the US Indo-Pacific strategy and BRI (CPEC); however, scanty academic efforts have been made on future power realignment in South Asia. By employing Mahan’s theory of sea power, this paper explains the future maritime scenario in South Asia, which will evolve due to the power contestation of global players in the Indian Ocean and the formulation of two distinct power blocks with the US and China as leading players. It also answers how Indian Ocean littorals will align themselves in this great powers’ contestation. An in-depth understanding of the economic interests of Indian Ocean littorals through BRI and gaining benefits through a strategic partnership with the US will provide insight into future power realignment in South Asia. The paper concludes that China will likely formulate collaborative maritime security arrangements with BRI partners who will become Chinese allies to secure energy requirements. Likewise, India, Japan, South Korea and the US (under QUAD) will endeavour to impede China's economic progress, forming a power block in the Indian Ocean region.

Bibliography Entry
Khawaja, Asma Shakir, and Imran Raza. 2022. "Power Realignment in South Asia – An Outcome of BRI (CPEC)." Margalla Papers 26 (1): 85-97.
EKSISTENSI SIKE RABANO DI TENGAH PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DI DESA KOTO TUO UJUNG PASIR KABUPATEN KERINCI
Authors: Deri Saputra  , Andarweni Astuti  , Gunawan Gunawan  
Published: October 2022

Sike Rabano adalah dzikir yang menggunakan alat musik rebana. Sike rabano pada awalnya berfungsi untuk mengajak masyarakat untuk berdzikir melalui hiburan untuk penyebaran agama Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ditinjau dari (1), Sejarah kemunculan kesenian ini. (2), perkembangan dan perubahan nilai yang terjadi di masyarakat Koto Tuo Ujung Pasir. (3), dan Strategi dalam pelestarian kesenian tradisonal Sike Rabano di tengah perubahan sosial masyarakat. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi, observasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa (1), Sike rabano muncul diperkirakan pada awal abad ke-13 M. Kemunculan sike rabano dikaitkan dengan munculnya penyebaran agama islam di Kabupaten Kerinci. (2). Perkembangan dan perubahan dari kesenian sike rabano ini meliputi perubahan dalam pelaksanaan, perubahan pada syair dan perubahan pada segi nilai yang terjadi pada masyarakat. (3). Strategi untuk pelestarian sike rabano dengan solidaritas antar warga, kesadaran dan regenerasi pengajaran sike rabano secara turun temurun pada masyarakat Koto Tuo Ujung Pasir.
Sorghum [Soghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] growth, and soil moisture and salt content as affected by irrigation water salinity
Authors: Pirasteh-Anosheh Hadi , Hedayati-Firoozabadi Alireza 
Published: October 2022

Information on the impact of salinity of irrigation water on soil moisture and salt content is scant in the literature. Therefore, in the present study, growth of sorghum as well as soil moisture and salt content were investigated as affected by irrigation water salinity. In this experiment, the effect of three salinity levels of irrigation water, i.e., 2, 7 and 14 dS m-1 was monitored on sorghum growth, and changes in soil moisture and salinity of soil saturated extract during the growing season. Irrigation water salinity, depending on the intensity of stress, reduced forage yield, so that 7 and 14 dS m-1 salinity decreased the fresh weight by 11% and 45% and the dry weight by 17% and 62%, respectively, compared to those in non-saline conditions. At two soil depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm), the lowest moisture content was observed under non-saline conditions and the highest at 14 dS m-1. The salinity of soil saturated extract was also increased with increasing salinity of irrigation water. By applying salinities of 2 and 14 dS m-1, soil salinity decreased and increased by the end of the growing season, respectively. However, soil salinity in 7 dS m-1 treatment was decreased first and then increased until the end of the growing season. At the end of the growing season, the average soil salinity in 7 and 14 dS m-1 treatments was 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively, higher than that of the irrigation water salinity. In a nutshell, in saline conditions, more moisture remains in the soil, which may help sustain the of growth of halophytes to some extent.
Ethnobotanical assessment of Hazar Nao Hills, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Zeb Umar , Batool Asifa , Haroon Khan  , Hafiz Ullah  , Bakhtiar Gul  
Published: October 2022

An ethno-botanical study was carried out to consolidate knowledge on folk uses of plant resources of Hazar Nao Hills, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Data were recorded from February 2019 to March 2020 by collecting old information from the local inhabitants including old age males, females and herbalists about different uses of plant resources. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire by interviewing 150 local men, women, and herbalists. As per our data, 72 vascular plant species, belonging to 45 different families and 56 genera were used by the local people for diverse native uses. Of all families recorded in this study, except two, all belong to Spermatophyta, a major division of plant kingdom. With regard to the habits of plant species recorded in the area, 36 were herbs, 10 shrubs, 25 trees and one pteridophyte. On a percentage basis, the total plant species (72) collected from the study area comprised 49% herbs, 14% shrubs, 34% trees, and 1% pteridophyte. The highest numbers of species recorded were from families Lamiaceae (5 spp.) and Poaceae (5 spp.) followed by families Euphorbiaceae (4 spp.), Moraceae (4 spp), and Polygonaceae (4 spp). Overall, the field scrutiny showed that overgrazing, deforestation, unscientific collection and agricultural expansion, as well as their considerable use for feed or medicinal purposes are the factors causing a significant decline of native vegetation. Thus, continuous work on plant resources and conservation of Hazar Nao Hills is imperatively needed.