bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening Effort in Prelingual Cochlear Implant Recipients: Effects of Spectral and Temporal Auditory Processing and Contralateral Acoustic Hearing
Authors: Yüksel Mustafa , Taşdemir İlknur , Çiprut Ayça 
Published: September 2022

Objective
Considering the impact of listening effort (LE) on auditory perception, attention, and memory, it is a significant aspect in the daily hearing experiences of cochlear implant (CI) recipients. Reduced spectral and temporal information on an acoustic signal can make listening more difficult; as a result, it is important to understand the relationship between LE and spectral and temporal auditory processing capacities in CI receivers.

Study Design, Setting, and Patients
This study used spectral ripple discrimination and temporal modulation transfer function to evaluate 20 prelingually deafened and early implanted CI recipients. The speech perception in noise test (primary) and the digit recall task (DRT-secondary) were used to assess LE using the dual-task paradigm. To assess the effects of acoustic hearing, contralateral acoustic hearing thresholds between 125 Hz and 8 kHz with a hearing aid were also acquired. To examine the relationship between the research variables, correlation coefficients were generated. Furthermore, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare unilateral and bimodal users.

Results
There was a statistically significant correlation between LE and spectral ripple discrimination (r = 0.56; p = 0.011), 125 Hz (r = 0.51; p = 0.020), 250 Hz (r = 0.48; p = 0.030), 500 Hz (r = 0.45; p = 0.045), 1,000 Hz (r = 0.51; p = 0.023), 2000 Hz (r = 0.48; p = 0.031), and 4,000 Hz (r = 0.48; p = 0.031), whereas no statistically significant correlations were observed between temporal modulation transfer function in four frequencies and LE. There was no statistically significant difference between unilateral and bimodal CI recipients (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
As a result of the improved signal-to-noise ratio in the auditory environment, CI users with better spectral resolutions and acoustic hearing have a reduced LE. On the other hand, temporal auditory processing, as measured by temporal modulation detection, does not contribute to the LE.
Decreased Intestinal Microbiota Diversity Is Associated With Increased Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: McEachron Kendall R. , Nalluri Harika , Beilman Gregory J. , Kirchner Varvara A. , Pruett Timothy L. , Freeman Martin L. , Trikudanathan Guru , Staley Christopher , Bellin Melena D. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by abdominal pain, recurrent hospitalizations, frequent exposure to antibiotics, nutritional deficiencies, and chronic opioid use. Data describing the gut microbial community structure of patients with CP is limited. We aimed to compare gut microbiota of a group of patients with severe CP being considered for total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) with those of healthy controls and to associate these differences with severity of clinical symptoms.

Methods
We collected stool from healthy donors (n = 14) and patients with CP (n = 20) undergoing workup for TPIAT, in addition to clinical metadata and a validated abdominal symptoms severity survey.

Results
Patients with CP had significantly lower alpha diversity than healthy controls (P < 0.001). There was a significantly increased mean relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in healthy controls compared with patients with CP (P = 0.02). Among participants with CP, those with lower alpha diversity reported worse functional abdominal symptoms (P = 0.006).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that changes in gut microbial community structure may contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms and provide basis for future studies on whether enrichment of healthy commensal bacteria such as Faecalibacterium could provide clinically meaningful improvements in outcomes for CP patients undergoing TPIAT.
Identification to Intervention: A Perspective From Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Wise Nancy J. , Gellasch Patricia A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) promotes early intervention, symptom management, and support for parents. There is little evidence showing whether parents actually receive these benefits.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the experiences of parents of children with CP, including their journey to diagnosis, access to services and resources, and what they would want other parents or health care providers to know and understand about their experiences.

Methods
Using a qualitative descriptive design, semistructured interviews were conducted from January 2021 to April 2021. A purposive sampling method with a snowball effect was used to recruit parents through therapists, a children’s hospital, a pediatric rehabilitation center, and social media CP support groups. An inductive approach to content analysis was used to categorize the data. ATLAS.ti® was employed to arrange and code data.

Results
Three themes emerged: (a) Something Was Off: I Simply Didn’t Know; (b) Coping With the Unknown: Uncharted Territory; and (c) What We Needed Then and Now: Advocacy, Education, and Research.

Discussion
Parents emphasized a lack of knowledge of developmental milestones and their inability to recognize delays in their children. Health care providers dismissed persistent unexplained symptoms and developmental delays; parents were expected to ‘watch and wait’ for their child to catch up. The CP diagnosis, although delayed, validated their concerns and gut intuitions about their child’s symptoms and connected them to early intervention services and specialty care. Therapists became a lifeline for parents, providing education, answering questions, obtaining adaptive equipment, and offering care management strategies. Parent support groups provided emotional support, lessened parent isolation, and offered realistic hope. Parents reported a need for an earlier diagnosis and earlier access to services, direct and open communication about CP diagnosis, and follow-up phone calls after the diagnosis. They also asked for a tip sheet to guide them after the diagnosis.
Linear Mixed Model Analysis of Polygenic Hazard Score on Verbal Memory Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Kesheng , Xu Chun , Theeke Laurie A. , Xiao Danqing , Luo Xingguang , Xie Changchun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction, including verbal memory loss. Studies were lacking in examining the longitudinal effect of polygenic hazard score on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Delayed Total (AVDELTOT) score (a common measure of verbal memory). A key step in analyzing longitudinal changes in cognitive measures using a linear mixed model (LMM) is choosing a suitable covariance structure.

Objectives
The study aims to determine the association between the polygenic hazard score and the AVDELTOT score accounting for repeated measures (the covariance structure).

Methods
The AVDELTOT scores were collected at baseline, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months from 283 participants with AD, 347 with cognitive normal, and 846 with mild cognitive impairment in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The Bayesian information criterion statistic was used to select the best covariance structure from 10 covariance structures in longitudinal analysis of AVDELTOT scores. The multivariable, LMM was used to investigate the effect of polygenic hazard score status (low vs. medium vs. high) on changes in AVDELTOT scores while adjusted for age, gender, education, APOE-ε4 genotype, and baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score.

Results
One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in AVDELTOT scores, MMSE, and polygenic hazard score among AD diagnoses at baseline. Bayesian information criterion favored the compound symmetry covariance structure in the LMM analysis. Using the multivariate LMM, the APOE-ε4 allele and high polygenic hazard score value was significantly associated with AVDELTOT declines. Significant polygenic hazard score status by follow-up visit interactions was discovered.

Conclusion
Our findings provide the first evidence of the effect of polygenic hazard score status and APOE-ε4 allele on declines in verbal memory in people with AD.
Cognitive Function and Self-Management Behaviors in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Bronas Ulf G. , Quinn Laurie , Sharp Lisa K. , Park Chang , Gruss Valerie , Fritschi Cynthia 
Published: September 2022

Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. Decreased cognitive function could affect daily self-management behaviors critical for people with T2D. Executive function is significant for daily self-management, and decreased subjective cognitive function could be an early indicator of poor daily self-management. However, little is known about whether executive or subjective cognitive function affects daily self-management behaviors in older adults.

Objectives
We investigated the effect of executive function or subjective cognitive function on daily self-management behaviors (diet, glucose management, physical activity, and physician contact) in older adults with T2D.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional, observational design with convenience sampling of 84 adults aged ≥60 years with T2D. Telephone-administered cognitive function tests measured participants’ overall cognitive and executive function levels. Subjective cognitive function, diabetes self-management, and covariates, including demographic information (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and level of education), body mass index, depressive symptoms, and diabetes duration, were assessed using online surveys. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and backward stepwise regression.

Results
The mean age of the sample was 68.46 ± 5.41 years. Participants were predominantly female and White, and the majority had normal cognitive function. Controlling for demographics, body mass index, depressive symptoms, and diabetes duration, a decrease in executive function indicated by a greater number of errors made during the telephone-administered Oral Trail Making Test Part B relative to the sample was associated with poorer adherence to physician contact behaviors. Subjective cognitive function was not associated with any self-management behaviors.

Discussion
A reduction in executive function was associated with poorer adherence to physician contact behaviors in older adults with T2D and normal cognitive function; lack of adherence to physician contact behaviors could be an early indicator of declining cognitive function. Difficulties or changes in routine diabetes self-management behaviors should be closely monitored in older adults. Cognitive assessment should be followed when needed.
Report: A Pox Presenting Without Pox
Authors: Karmarkar Ellora , Altwies Eden E. , Desta Russom , Ahmed Alwiya M. , Nick Epiphany , Gozo Maria Amoreth R. , Cogen Anna L. , Uribe Gabriela , Disharoon Steven , Liles W. Conrad , LaCourse Sylvia M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A man with virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with an erythematous, morbilliform rash without pustules in the setting of fever, fatigue, and myalgias after recent travel to Mexico and Puerto Rico. He was diagnosed with nonvariola orthopoxvirus (monkeypox) infection. This case report highlights an atypical presentation in the 2022 outbreak.
Mechanisms of change of a cognitive-existential group intervention for fear of cancer recurrence: mediation analyses of the FORT trial
Authors: Lebel Sophie , Maheu Christine , Tomei Christina , Mutsaers Brittany , Bernstein Lori J. , Courbasson Christine , Ferguson Sarah E. , Harris Cheryl , Jolicoeur Lynne , Lefebvre Monique , Muraca Linda , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V. , Singh Mina , Parrott Julia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Meta-analyses have demonstrated that brief interventions can address fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), but their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Our goal was to identify the mediators of treatment efficacy of the Fear Of Recurrence Therapy (FORT) intervention using data from a multisite randomized controlled trial targeting FCR. That randomized controlled trial compared a 6-week cognitive-existential group intervention with an active control group.

Methods:
Participants (n = 135) were women diagnosed with stage I-III breast or gynecological cancer who were assessed at 4 time points (pretherapy, post-therapy, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up). The primary outcome, changes in FCR at 6 months, was measured with the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. We examined 6 mediators based on our theoretical model of FCR: perceived risk of recurrence, uncertainty in illness, intolerance of uncertainty, positive beliefs about worrying, reassurance-seeking, and cognitive avoidance. Changes in the possible mediator variables were simultaneously investigated to predict changes in FCR using Generalized Structural Equation Models with robust variance estimation.

Results:
FORT predicted FCR at 6 months in univariate analyses (β  = −8.93, P = .0001). In the model including the 6 possible mediators, changes in uncertainty in illness (β = −8.72, P < .0001) and cognitive avoidance (β = −8.36, P < .0001) mediated the relationship between treatment and changes in FCR. However, FORT still predicted changes in FCR at 6 months (β = −6.35, P = .02), suggesting partial mediation.

Conclusions:
We identified 2 mechanisms of action that can be incorporated in future interventions. However, other processes that underlie the efficacy of these interventions need to be uncovered.
Toward the development of a model of caregiver-specific fear of cancer recurrence: a systematic review
Authors: Webb Kyra , Sharpe Louise , Butow Phyllis , Dhillon Haryana , Zachariae Robert , Tauber Nina Møller , O'Toole Mia Skytte , Shaw Joanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common psychological issue for cancer survivors, and research shows that caregivers are as fearful of the cancer returning as patients. However, there is relatively little research on caregiver FCR. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a metasynthesis of qualitative research to determine (a) whether caregiver FCR was conceptually similar to FCR among survivors, (b) to determine any specific issues that were different for caregivers compared with survivors, and (c) to present a hypothesis-generating model of caregiver FCR to inform future theoretically grounded caregiver-specific FCR research.

Methods:
Using keywords relating to FCR, caregivers, and cancer, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched. Qualitative studies reporting on FCR in caregivers published between January 1997 and July 2021 were included.

Results:
Following PRISMA guidelines, 13 articles were included for review and metasynthesis. Overall, there was a paucity of qualitative research exploring caregiver FCR. Metasynthesis revealed 1 theme, uncertainty/fear previously identified among survivors and a theme unique to the caregiver's experience of FCR: caregiver's role as protector. An overarching theme, fear of losing a loved one, explained the relationship between each of the identified themes, acting as a driver of caregiver FCR.

Conclusions:
This review highlighted, that although similarities between survivor and caregiver experiences of FCR exist, key elements that underline caregiver FCR are conceptually different to the fear experienced by cancer survivors. We propose a new model of FCR that incorporates aspects unique to caregivers which requires further investigation. The proposed model provides an important foundation for further research exploring caregiver FCR. Given caregivers with higher FCR experience more caregiver burden, it is essential to better understand their experiences. This will facilitate the development of interventions which effectively support caregivers, enhancing their capacity to support survivors.
Pediatric Patient Insurance Status and Regionalization of Admissions
Authors: Samuels-Kalow Margaret E. , Gao Jingya , Boggs Krislyn M. , Camargo Carlos A. , Zachrison Kori S. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Pediatric hospital care is becoming increasingly regionalized, and previous data have suggested that insurance may be associated with transfer. The aims of the study are to describe regionalization of pediatric care and density of the interhospital transfer network and to determine whether these varied by insurance status.

Methods
Using the New York State ED Database and State Inpatient Database from 2016, we identified all pediatric patients and calculated regionalization indices (RI) and network density, overall and stratified by insurance. Regionalization indices are based on the likelihood of a patient completing care at the initial hospital. Network density is the proportion of actual transfers compared with the number of potential hospital transfer connections. Both were calculated using the standard State ED Database/State Inpatient Database transfer definition and in a sensitivity analysis, excluding the disposition code requirement.

Results
We identified 1,595,566 pediatric visits (emergency department [ED] or inpatient) in New York in 2016; 7548 (0.5%) were transferred and 7374 transferred visits had eligible insurance status (Medicaid, private, uninsured). Of the transfers, 24% were from ED to ED with discharge, 28% from ED to ED with admission, 31% from ED to inpatient, 16% from inpatient to inpatient, and 1.2% from inpatient to ED. The overall RI was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.20–0.31). The overall weighted RI was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.06–0.12) and was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.06–0.13) for Medicaid-insured patients, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.05–0.11) for privately insured patients, and 0.08 (95% CI, 0.05–0.11) for patients without insurance. The overall network density was 0.018 (95% CI, 0.017–0.020). Network density was higher, and transfer rates were lower, for patients with Medicaid insurance as compared with private insurance.

Conclusions
We found significant regionalization of pediatric emergency care. Although there was not material variation by insurance in regionalization, there was variation in network density and transfer rates. Additional work is needed to understand factors affecting transfer decisions and how these patterns might vary by state.
Perceptual learning improves discrimination while distorting appearance
Authors: Szpiro Sarit F.A. , Burlingham Charlie S. , Simoncelli Eero P. , Carrasco Marisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerceptual sensitivity often improves with training, a phenomenon known as ‘perceptual learning’. Another important perceptual dimension is appearance, the subjective sense of stimulus magnitude. Are training-induced improvements in sensitivity accompanied by more accurate appearance? Here, we examine this question by measuring both discrimination and estimation capabilities for near-horizontal motion perception, before and after training. Human observers who trained on either discrimination or estimation exhibited improvements in discrimination accuracy alongside increased biases in their estimates away from horizontal. To explain this counterintuitive finding, we developed a computational observer model in which perceptual learning arises from increases in the precision of underlying neural representations. For each observer, the fitted model accounted for both discrimination performance and the distribution of estimates, and their changes after training. Our empirical findings and modeling suggest that learning enhances distinctions between categories, a potentially important aspect of real-world perception and perceptual learning.
Effects of heavy water on protein dynamics studied by molecular dynamics simulation: Focusing on dynamical parameters obtained by quasi-elastic neutron scattering
Authors: Matsuo Tatsuhito 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is a powerful technique to study protein dynamics. In general, QENS measurements are carried out in D2O solvent whereas functional studies of proteins are conducted in H2O solvent. Therefore, to link the QENS studies with the functional studies and then to understand the molecular basis of protein functions in detail, it is important to investigate the effects of solvent isotopic change on dynamical parameters obtained by QENS. For this purpose, in this study, MD simulations were carried out on hen egg white lysozyme, a well-folded and characterized protein, in H2O and in D2O. The dynamical parameters were extracted from the QENS spectra calculated from the MD trajectories. It was found that isotopic effects depend on energy resolutions and that at the energy resolutions that recent QENS studies often employ, the local dynamical behavior of proteins characterized in D2O more or less reflects that in H2O.
Modeling Global Genomic Instability in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
Authors: Telliam Gladys , Desterke Christophe , Imeri Jusuf , M’Kacher Radhia , Oudrhiri Noufissa , Balducci Estelle , Fontaine-Arnoux Micheline , Acloque Hervé , Bennaceur-Griscelli Annelise , Turhan Ali G. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTUsing induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) technology, it is now possible to reprogram the primary leukemic cells to pluripotency and generate a major source of stem cells. To determine the feasibility of modeling global genomic instability characterizing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progression towards blast crisis (BC), we have used a patient-specific iPSC line that has been submitted to in vitro mutagenesis with the mutagenic agent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Increased genomic instability was validated using g-H2AX and micronuclei assays. As compared to non-mutagenized cultures, these iPSC generated an increased numbers of progenitors (x 5-Fold) which proliferated in liquid cultures with a blast cell morphology. CGH array analyses were performed using ENU-treated iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells in two different time points as compared to leukemic iPSC cultured without ENU. Several cancer genes were found to be involved in the ENU-treated cultures, some known to be altered in leukemia (BLM, IKZF1, NCOA2, ALK, EP300, ERG, MKL1, PHF6 and TET1). Remarkably, transcriptome geodataset GSE4170 (Radich et al., 2006) allowed us to associate 125 of 249 of the aberrations that we detected in CML iPSC, with genes already described during progression of CML to BC (p-value =9.43exp32, after ANOVA with 1000 permutations). 38 most predictive aberrations allowed perfect reclassification of BC and chronic phase samples by unsupervised classification. Among these candidates, eleven of them have been described in CML physiopathology and connected to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and genomic instability. Overall, these results demonstrated that we have generated for the first time to our knowledge, an in vitro genetic instability model in CML, reproducing genomic events described in patients with BC. This tool using patient-derived iPSC could be of interest to study CML progression, to discover novel targets and eventually to test novel therapies.