bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of chest camps for increased tuberculosis case finding in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Amir , Perveen Fouzia , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Jameel Muhammad , Khan Nida , Tahir Zarfishan , Hadi Hussain , Khan Haroon Jehangir 
Published: May 2022

Background To contribute to the World Health Organization’s End TB Strategy, the active tuberculosis (TB) case-finding approach has been proven effective. Methods A total of 66 chest camps were organised for patients in 15 selected districts in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2017. A mixed-method process evaluation was conducted in four randomly selected districts to evaluate the use of chest camps for active TB case finding to reach the maximum number of people with TB and to assess the implementation outcomes, such as effectiveness, feasibility, fidelity, and costs. Results Results indicated that 1458 attendees visited 24 chest camps in four selected districts. Among attendees, 297 presumptive cases were found and smear-tested; and 34 of the smear-tested were diagnosed as smear-positive TB patients. The prevalence of smear-positive TB patients among the chest camp participants was found to be 2.3%. The findings from interviews showed that preparation of chest camp activities, especially the involvement of community leaders, was found to be effective in achieving the desired level of attendance. The respondents found attending the chest camps for TB symptoms feasible and acceptable. The chest camp costs approximately US$280, including the pre-camp mobilisation events, whereas the cost per TB-positive patient was found to be US$197.64. Conclusions The higher number of attendees without TB symptoms, the low proportion of smear-negative case registrations; and relatively high unit cost (per patient detected) were the areas identified for further attention. The study supports the continuation of chest camp activity, with further attention required for quality and efficiency concerns.
The global potential for increased storage of carbon on land
Authors: Walker Wayne S. , Gorelik Seth R. , Cook-Patton Susan C. , Baccini Alessandro , Farina Mary K. , Solvik Kylen K. , Ellis Peter W. , Sanderman Jon , Houghton Richard A. , Leavitt Sara M. , Schwalm Christopher R. , Griscom Bronson W. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Despite increased interest in land-based carbon storage as a climate solution, there are physical limits on how much additional carbon can be incorporated into terrestrial ecosystems. To effectively determine where and how to act, jurisdictions need robust data illustrating the magnitude and distribution of opportunities to increase carbon storage, as well as information on the actions available to achieve that storage. Here, we provide globally consistent maps for directing additional carbon storage under current and future climate, as well as a framework for determining how that storage could be gained through restoration, improved management, or maintenance of woody biomass and soil organic matter. Our estimates provide an upper bound on how improved land stewardship can mitigate the climate crisis.
Theresentences in extreme southern Italy
Authors: De Angelis Alessandro , Bucci Giulia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmong the morpho-syntactic patterns by which Italo-Romance varieties codetheresentences, a peculiar structure surfaces in extreme southern varieties, particularly in Salento and in southern Calabria: this involves an invariable 3rd person form of the outcome ofhabēreas the copula, with no agreement with the postcopular nominal, the so-called pivot. Even though this pattern is attested in other Romance languages too, it proves, however, to be peculiar, insofar as it hosts top-ranking definite NPs (especially 1st and 2nd person pronouns), which are generally disallowed within ‘to have’theresentences in the Romance varieties. In the present paper, we infer that this pattern depends on the contact with Italo-Greek, which displays similar constructions, with an invariant 3rd sg. form of ‘to have’, the lack of the proform and the pivot marked as accusative. However, a diachronic investigation reveals that neither the extreme southern Italo-Romance varieties nor Italo-Greek displayed in their Medieval stage a similar construction, since both of them exhibited the definiteness effect. Sociolinguistic factors can account for how the two systems influenced each other by ruling out the definiteness effect from the respective patterns at the end of the interference process.
Enemies or obstacles?
Authors: Coll-Florit Marta , Climent Salvador 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study examines the use of metaphors of war and journey in a million-word corpus of Spanish-language blogs written by patients with severe mental disorders and by mental health professionals. Quantitative results indicate that both metaphors are more prevalent among patients than professionals, supporting the idea that they are mostly used in this context for communicating complex and emotionally intense experiences. From a qualitative perspective, our results show that patients use both metaphors to deal with exactly the same ontological elements of the situation (the disorder, symptoms, negative emotions, everyday problems, social prejudice, medical activity, people close to the patients and the patients themselves) but framing them differently. Further analysis shows that both metaphors have positive and negative uses in terms of emotions conveyed, empowerment and suitability for coping with the situation. In light of this, we conclude with a discussion of proposals promoting the positive uses of these metaphors.
Unconventional properties of engineered Au–Ag nanostructures
Authors: Saha Subham Kumar , Mondal Pritha , Vasudeva Navyashree , Mahadevu Rekha , Thapa Dev Kumar , Bhattacharyya Biswajit , Sharma Anand , Islam Saurav , Mahapatra Phanibhusan Singha , Phanindra Sai T , Channagiri Samartha A , Bellare Pavithra , Narayan Awadhesh , Ravishankar N , Patil Satish , Ghosh Arindam , Pandey Anshu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Au–Ag nanostructures comprising of ∼1 nm Ag nanoparticles embedded into an Au matrix show several unconventional optical, electric and magnetic properties. Here, we review progress made towards the preparation of these materials as well as analysis of their structure. Further, electrical and magnetic transitions in these materials are discussed. Finally, we review the properties of these materials as revealed from optical and electron microscopic probes.
Traversable wormhole solutions in the f (R) theories of gravity under the Karmarkar condition*
Authors: Malik Adnan , Mofarreh Fatemah , Zia Aqsa , Ali Akram 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper examines traversable wormhole models in the

theories of gravity by applying the Karmarkar condition. For this purpose, we consider spherically symmetric space-time to examine the structure of wormholes. First, we investigate wormholes and their geometry using the redshift function under various conditions. Subsequently, we discuss the embedding diagram of the upper and lower universe using radial coordinates in two and three-dimensional Euclidean affine space. Three exclusive models are considered for the

theories of gravity, and the radial and tangential pressures are observed. Furthermore, by taking a definite shape function, we observe the behavior of energy conditions. We determine that energy conditions are violated, and their violation is generic and represents the presence of exotic matter. According to Einstein's field theory, the existence of wormholes is predicated on the occurrence of rare material. Hence, we conclude that our study is more realistic and stable.
Length Scale of Photospheric Granules in Solar Active Regions
Authors: Liu Yan-Xiao , Jiang Chao-Wei , Yuan Ding , Zuo Ping-Bing , Cao Wen-Da 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Investigating the length scales of granules could help understand the dynamics of granules in the photosphere. In this work, we detected and identified granules in an active region near disk center observed at wavelength of TiO (7057 Å) by the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST). By a detailed analysis of the size distribution and flatness of granules, we found a critical size that divides the granules in motions into two regimes: convection and turbulence. The length scales of granules with sizes larger than 600 km follow Gauss function and demonstrate “flat” in flatness, which reveal that these granules are dominated by convection. Those with sizes smaller than 600 km follow power-law function and behave power-law tendency in flatness, which indicate that the small granules are dominated by turbulence. Hence, for the granules in active regions, they are originally convective in large length scale, and directly become turbulent once their sizes turn to small, likely below the critical size of 600 km. Comparing with the granules in quiet regions, they evolve with the absence of the mixing motions of convection and turbulence. Such a difference is probably caused by the interaction between fluid motions and strong magnetic fields in active regions. The strong magnetic fields make high magnetic pressure which creates pressure walls and slows down the evolution of convective granules. Such walls cause convective granules extending to smaller sizes on one hand, and cause wide intergranular lanes on the other hand. The small granules isolated in such wide intergranular lanes are continually sheared, rotated by strong downflows in surroundings and hereby become turbulent.
Irregular Spatial Distributions of Spectral Line Parameters in the Middle Solar Chromosphere Revealed from Analysis of Solar Flash Mg i
b
2 Spectra
Authors: Jin Yuhang , Qu Zhongquan , Xu Zhi , Dun Guangtao , Chang Liang , Cheng Xiangming , Zhang Xiaoyu , Deng Linhua , Peng Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the analytical results of solar Mg i
b
2 flash spectra, obtained by the prototype Fiber Arrayed Solar Optic Telescope in process of the 2013 Gabon total solar eclipse. The analysis reveals irregular distributions of the spectral line parameters like ratio of line source function to continuum one β, ratio of line emissivity to continuum emissivity ζ, ratio of the continuum opacity to the line opacity r
0, line center optical depth τ
0, the line width Δλ

D
, and the line-of-sight velocity v
los, while the approximately spherical symmetry can be found in the maps of integrated line intensity and continuum intensity. These irregular distributions originate from those of line profile features like the maximum intensity, the line width and line center wavelength. It is also found from the recovered line center optical depth τ
0 that in the middle chromosphere, the optical depth is not small due to non-ignorable absorption and the long light path along the line-of-sight. Finally, we show that the excessive broadening of spectral lines can be due to co-existence of multiple radiative sources with different line-of-sight velocities unresolved in one detector pixel.
Multitube monitors: a new-generation of neutron beam monitors
Authors: Lafont F. , Barkats D. , Buffet J.-C. , Cuccaro S. , Guerard B. , Lai C.-C. , Marchal J. , Pentenero J. , Sartor N. , Hall-Wilton R. , Kanaki K. , Robinson L. , Svensson P.-O. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the renewal of many neutron science instruments and the
commissioning of new neutron facilities, there is a rising demand
for improved neutron beam monitoring systems with reduced beam
perturbations and higher counting rate capability. Fission chambers
are the most popular beam monitors; however, their use on some
instruments may be prevented by the background generated by fast
neutrons emitted during neutron captures in 235U and by
neutrons scattered in the material of the fission chamber. Multitube
detectors, on the other hand, offer a good alternative with minimum
beam perturbations. The purpose of this paper is to report and
analyse the results of the measurements performed with several
Multitubes used for beam monitoring. We show that the transparency
of Multitube beam monitors is 97.6 ± 0.4 %, and that their
detection efficiency is uniform, with a deviation from the mean
value <0.7 %. A counting rate reduction of 10 % due to pile-up
effects is measured at a rate of 550 kHz. In addition to neutron
beam intensity monitoring, the Multitube can be configured for
1-dimensional or 2-dimensional localisation. We present the
preliminary results of these additional functionalities.
Pandemics and the human-wildlife interface in Asia: land use change as a driver of zoonotic viral outbreaks
Authors: Goldstein Jenny E , Budiman Ibnu , Canny Anna , Dwipartidrisa Deborah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pandemics have occurred with increasing frequency over the past century as global travel enables rapid cross-continental transmission of viral zoonoses such as coronaviruses and influenzas. Yet the prevalence of global pandemics is also attributable to an increase in the number of these infectious diseases originating in wildlife or domesticated animals in Asia that jump to human hosts. Through a review of scholarly literature, this article argues that three interrelated land use phenomena—biodiversity loss, urbanization, agricultural expansion and intensification—in southern China and Southeast Asia have enabled past viral zoonotic ‘spillover’ events from animals to humans and make future pandemics more likely. Furthermore, much recent scholarly literature on zoonotic disease adopts the One Health framework, which highlights interdependency between viruses, animals, ecosystems, and human health. As such, we review and critique the salience of the One Health framework for research on zoonotic disease in Asia. We suggest that to better understand land use changes enabling zoonotic disease emergence, future health-environment research could incorporate qualitative, cross-scalar political-economic and political ecological dynamics within which human-wildlife relations are embedded.
Carbon storage and sequestration rates of trees inside and outside forests in Great Britain
Authors: Zellweger Florian , Flack-Prain Sophie , Footring Joel , Wilebore Beccy , Willis Kathy J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Efforts to abate climate change heavily rely on carbon sequestration by trees. However, analyses of tree carbon dynamics often neglect trees outside of forests (TOFs) and spatially detailed information about tree carbon sequestration rates are largely missing. Here we describe a new method which combines remote sensing with forest inventory data from 127 358 sites to first estimate tree age and site productivity, which we then used to estimate carbon storage and sequestration rates for all trees inside and outside forests across Great Britain. Our models estimate carbon storage and sequestration rates with R
2 values of 0.86 and 0.56 (root-mean-square errors of 70 tCO2e ha−1 and 3.4 tCO2e ha−1 yr−1). They also reveal the important finding that 17% (165.6 MtCO2e) of the total carbon storage and 21% (3.4 MtCO2e yr−1) of the total carbon sequestration rate of all trees in Great Britain come from TOF, with particularly high contributions in England (24.3% and 34.1%), followed by Wales (12.5% and 17.6%) and Scotland (2.6% and 1.8%). Future estimates of carbon status and fluxes need to account for the significant contributions of TOF because these trees, often found in field margins and hedgerows are potentially an important carbon offset. Our novel approach enables carbon baseline assessments against which changes can be assessed at management relevant scales, improving the means to measure progress towards net zero emissions targets and associated environmental policies.
Model Analysis of Phase Transformation on Gadolinium-doped Yttrium Iron Garnet
Authors: Subawi H , Soepriyanto S , Korda A A , Prijamboedi B 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The most suitable model to describe the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sintering reaction has been evaluated in this study. The sintering reaction at the optimum temperature was predicted by the simulation method. When sintering takes place at a temperature of 1200°C, an intermediate compound of YIP is formed, then at a temperature of 1450°C the formation of YIG reaches a steady state. Sintering at 1450°C for 5 hours resulted in a YIG conversion of about 99.7%. The calculation of the activation energy value of the YIG sintering reaction was carried out based on linear regression technique using the Arrhenius plot. SCM modeling has a deviation tolerance of 0.923 and describes a two-step reaction. The SCM modeling was rated the best compared to other models, and was suitable for describing the true Gd-doped YIG sintering reaction. SCM modeling is considered to be able to describe the actual conditions of the YIG and Gd doped YIG sintering reaction.
Integrated Design and Analysis of Corrosion Rate Model on Tubular Pipe of Oil and Gas Production Well
Authors: Marbun B T H , Fadholi B Z , Sinaga S Z , Purbantanu B A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Corrosion occurrence in the oil and gas production system is an example of an unavoidable problem. This problem is caused by the presence of water and corrosive material fraction along with the produced hydrocarbon. On the way from the reservoir to the surface, the mixture between water fraction and the corrosive substance might adhere to the wall of conduit steel pipe (e.g. tubing, casing, and flowline) and can lead to corrosion on the wall. The corrosion problem can have a major impact on the economics of the production because the cost of production equipment is relatively expensive and workover operation is very costly. Therefore, planning and mitigation for a better production system need to be performed, so that the rate of corrosion can be controlled, and its economic impacts can be minimized. The purpose of this study was to create an integrated model of the corrosion rate calculation on the tubing by the Petroleum Engineering Study Program of Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). Several terms related to the production process were considered in this model: the characteristics of the produced fluid, flow regimes, pressure and temperature conditions along the tubing, the trajectory of the well, the type of tubing material used, and the use of inhibitors. The model was developed from the model developed by C. de Waard, Liane Smith, and Mike Billingham. The corrosion rate calculation model was then validated using field data and the results were compared with the result from industrial commercial software, Electronic Corrosion Engineer (ECE®). The corrosion rate calculation model were able to predict the rate of corrosion in oil and gas wells accurately. A software-based system was created based on this integrated and accurate proven model. By using this software, the production system can be simulated and tested for various conditions, and then the result can be compared with each other to obtain the optimum fluid production rate with minimum corrosion rate. In addition, this software is capable to determine the most suitable tubing material which will be used in a given production environment and condition.
Resources Optimization in Underground Gold Mining Case Study the Kubang Cicau Gold Vein in Pongkor Area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Akmal M. , Widodo L.E. , Heriawan M.N. , Rosyid F.A. , Trilaksana A.R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mining activities are typically controlled by the smallest mining units (SMU). These SMUs comprise mining blocks with dimensions that are generally adjusted to the mining equipment used as well as various geotechnical factors. In addition to SMUs, the smallest mining decision unit (SMDU), which is a collection of several SMU blocks, is usually established. In this paper, the SMDU is represented by an underground (UG) mining panel. This paper presents the results of a study on the optimization of gold resource in SMU blocks within SMDU and cut-off grade (CoG) variations. The study focuses on how to design a panel as an SMDU that is based on a weekly production quota that defines an optimum weekly rate of production that meets processing and milling capacities. The UG mining scheme in this paper is realized using a level, a panel, and SMU blocks. The level represents the progress of the mining in a vertical direction, while the panel represents the progress of the mining in a horizontal direction. Acting as the objective functions are the ore tonnage and gold mass. In relation to the gold mass, the goal is to reach the optimum level within the SMDU and fulfill the constraint function through the number of SMU blocks within the SMDU and the range of CoG variations. The optimization process was conducted using a genetic algorithm scheme. Kubang Cicau Vein B at Pongkor Gold Mine Business Unit was selected for the case study.
Resource Assessment of Ungaran Geothermal Field Using Numerical model and Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Jatmiko Bambang Wahyu , Assiddiqy Muhamad Hasbi , Ediatmaja Prajamukti , Prabowo Ricky , Sutopo  , Pratama Heru Berian , Hamdani Muhamad Ridwan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A careful decision needs a comprehensive and effective way to estimate the subsurface condition and the possible resource contained in the geothermal system. Numerical model and simulation sum up the result of geoscience study and its correlation to the behavior of the subsurface fluid flows. A well-developed numerical simulation could give a thorough analysis of a geothermal system and be utilized as input parameters to apply the resource assessment method. This study applied the numerical simulation to the Ungaran geothermal field using TOUGH2 reservoir simulation software. Several parameters were referring to these simulation results and used as the input parameters to the resource assessment method using Monte Carlo simulation. The result shows that the resource value with the highest confidence is lower than the earlier resource estimation of the Ungaran Geothermal System, which is only based on geoscience study. This study gives a careful analysis to support decision-making, especially in a geothermal green field.
Petrophysics Analysis for Determination of Density Porosity and Neutron-Density Porosity on Carbonate Rock in East Java Basin
Authors: Julianti D , Fatkhan  , Dinanto E , Murtani A S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Indonesia has much potential in energy resources. The exploration and exploitation activities in Indonesia help to fulfill the energy needs in Indonesia. The exploration activities in Indonesia help to find the potential energy resources such oil and gas. Reservoir characterization with petrophysics can be applied to define the lithology, porosity, water saturation, and permeability the rock under the ground. One of the important aspect to define the reservoir is to understand the porosity of the targe reservoir. In this paper, the author will calculate the porosity in the reservoir using petrophysics analysis with density and neutron-density. The result is the neutron-density porosity giving better result than the density porosity.