bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Glial Activation and α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Wang Rui , Ren Haigang , Kaznacheyeva Elena , Lu Xiaojun , Wang Guanghui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) in the central nervous system and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are the neuropathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the findings of prion-like transmission of α-syn pathology have expanded our understanding of the region-specific distribution of α-syn in PD patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that α-syn aggregates are released from neurons and endocytosed by glial cells, which contributes to the clearance of α-syn. However, the activation of glial cells by α-syn species produces pro-inflammatory factors that decrease the uptake of α-syn aggregates by glial cells and promote the transmission of α-syn between neurons, which promotes the spread of α-syn pathology. In this article, we provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of glia and α-syn pathology in PD pathogenesis, highlighting the relationships between glial responses and the spread of α-syn pathology.
Suppression of Motor Sequence Learning and Execution Through Anodal Cerebellar Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Voegtle Angela , Terlutter Clara , Nikolai Katharina , Farahat Amr , Hinrichs Hermann , Sweeney-Reed Catherine M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cerebellum (CB) and primary motor cortex (M1) have been associated with motor learning, with different putative roles. Modulation of task performance through application of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) to brain structures provides causal evidence for their engagement in the task. Studies evaluating and comparing TDCS to these structures have provided conflicting results, however, likely due to varying paradigms and stimulation parameters. Here we applied TDCS to CB and M1 within the same experimental design, to enable direct comparison of their roles in motor sequence learning. We examined the effects of anodal TDCS during motor sequence learning in 60 healthy participants, randomly allocated to CB-TDCS, M1-TDCS, or Sham stimulation groups during a serial reaction time task. Key to the design was an equal number of repeated and random sequences. Reaction times (RTs) to implicitly learned and random sequences were compared between groups using ANOVAs and post hoc t-tests. A speed–accuracy trade-off was excluded by analogous analysis of accuracy scores. An interaction was observed between whether responses were to learned or random sequences and the stimulation group. Post hoc analyses revealed a preferential slowing of RTs to implicitly learned sequences in the group receiving CB-TDCS. Our findings provide evidence that CB function can be modulated through transcranial application of a weak electrical current, that the CB and M1 cortex perform separable functions in the task, and that the CB plays a specific role in motor sequence learning during implicit motor sequence learning.
Impregnated chitin biopolymer with magnetic nanoparticles to immobilize dye from aqueous media as a simple, rapid and efficient composite photocatalyst
Authors: Elsayed Somaya A. , El-Sayed Ibrahim E. T. , Tony Maha A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the sight of the ever-increasing significance of green-based iron nanoparticles especially in wastewater treatment applications is a compelling reason for their use in a waste prevention opportunity, safer environment and benign precursor materials become the vital considerations. Hence, in the current investigation, an efficient co-precipitation technique was applied to prepare highly active chitosan-coated magnetic iron oxide that is applied for wastewater remediation. In the current investigation, chitosan coupled with magnetite nanoparticles namely CS-M was attained by coupling chitosan (CS) with magnetite nanoparticles via simple co-precipitation in different weight proportions and the attained samples labeled as CS-M-(2:1), CS-M-(3:1) and CS-M-(1:2). The structure, morphology and characteristics of the prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic oxidation activity of the prepared samples was investigated to eliminate Basic Blue 9 (BB9) dye from aqueous effluent as simulated textile polluted stream. The experimental data exposed almost BB9 dye emanation. The system parameters revealed the maximal BB9 oxidation (99%) was attained within 2 h of irradiance time. Box–Behnken design factorial design based on response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Fenton’s system (CS-M-(2:1)/H2O2) parameters to maximize the efficiency 2.4 and 767 mg/L of CS-M and H2O2,respectively, at pH 7.0. The experimental data exposed that CS-M-(2:1) is signified as the optimal catalyst mixture. The kinetic data verify the oxidation system follows the second-order reaction kinetic model. Further, thermodynamic variables predicted that the reaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous in nature. Hence, the catalyst could be environmental benign and the evaluation introduces the role of engineers and chemists in a world for a sustainable material use.
How Much Should You Care About Algorithmic Transparency as Manipulation?
Authors: Franke Ulrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWang (Philosophy & Technology 35, 2022) introduces a Foucauldian power account of algorithmic transparency. This short commentary explores when this power account is appropriate. It is first observed that the power account is a constructionist one, and that such accounts often come with both factual and evaluative claims. In an instance of Hume’s law, the evaluative claims do not follow from the factual claims, leaving open the question of how much constructionist commitment (Hacking, 1999) one should have. The concept of acts in equilibrium (Nozick, 1981) is then used to explain how different individuals reading Wang can end up with different evaluative attitudes towards algorithmic transparency, despite factual agreement. The commentary concludes by situating constructionist commitment inside a larger question of how much to think of our actions, identifying conflicting arguments.
Quantifying mammalian diets
Authors: Lintulaakso Kari , Tatti Nikolaj , Žliobaitė Indrė 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a quantitative approach for categorising mammalian diets based on the taxonomy of food items and parts consumed (the form of food). Our analysis covers 82% of the mammalian species alive today. The diet information comes from different data sources—textbooks, datasets and peer-reviewed literature and includes a transformation of narrative quantitative data into qualitative data. We link a database on nutrient composition of diet items of the quantitative diet data and analyse the distribution of macronutrients of diets across taxonomic groups and map them to the dental morphology of the eaters. The results show associations between dental complexity and the concentrations of some nutrients. Our analysis highlights omnivory as a multi-faceted concept—there are many kinds of omnivores within the dietary space we report. The developed dataset and the proposed approach relating the chemical composition of diets offers a basis for future comparative studies of living and fossil mammals. With this study, we make the accompanying large-scale dietary data publicly available online (https://www.mammalbase.net).
Functional food additives/ingredients production by engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Cankar Katarina , Henke Nadja A. , Wendisch Volker F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCorynebacterium glutamicum is a microbial production host established in the industry 60 years ago. It is mainly used for production of feed and food amino acids. As C. glutamicum strain development has been cutting edge since its discovery, it has been engineered for production of a plethora of valuable products. This review will focus on recent developments of C. glutamicum strain engineering for biotransformation and fermentation processes towards flavor and fragrance molecules as well as pigments and sweeteners.
Chinese Medicine Phenomics (Chinmedphenomics): Personalized, Precise and Promising
Authors: Yuan Chunchun , Zhang Weiqiang , Wang Jing , Huang Chen , Shu Bing , Liang Qianqian , Huang Tingrui , Wang Jiucun , Shi Qi , Tang Dezhi , Wang Yongjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe systematicness of phenomics and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) enable these two disciplines to interlink with each other. This article discussed the similarity in theory and application between TCM and phenomics and illustrates their respective advantages in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, forming a new discipline eventually. Chinese medicine phenomics (Chinmedphenomics) is built on classic TCM, combined with phenomics technology, and the development of which needs the mega cohort with TCM syndrome and the characteristics of precision medicine as well as multi-disciplinary cooperation, which is personalized, precise and promising, providing unique scientific insights into understanding human health.
A mechanistic consideration of oxygen enhancement ratio, oxygen transport and their relevancies for normal tissue sparing under FLASH irradiation
Authors: Jia Mengyu , Cao Xu , Pogue Brian W. , Peng Hao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur study investigated the role of oxygen in mediating the FLASH effect. This effect, which was first reported in vitro in the 1950s and in vivo in the 1970s, recently gained prominence with a number of publications showing differential sparing between normal tissues and tumors. Oxygen depletion (and subsequent induction of transient hypoxia) is the oldest and most prominent hypothesis to explain this effect. To better understand how the oxygen depletion hypothesis and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) are relevant for interpreting FLASH benefits, an analytical model was proposed to estimate the sparing factor. The model incorporated factors such as OER, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), loco-regional oxygen diffusion/metabolism, total dose and dose rate. The sparing factor, was used to quantify the sparing of normal tissue (initially physoxic). The radiosensitivity parameters of two cell types (V79 Chinese hamster cells and T1 human kidney cells) were selected. Furthermore, the transient behavior of OER during finite time intervals was modeled, for both without and with the presence of oxygen transport using a diffusion model. For tissues with an oxygen consumption rate of 20 mmHg/s and a distance of 60 μm away from blood vessels, the sparing factor demonstrates an increase from 1.03/1.06 (V79/T1) at 2.5 Gy/s up to 1.28/1.72 (V79/T1) at 100 Gy/s (total dose: 10 Gy). For normal tissues of initial pO2 between 1.5 and 8 mmHg, the benefit from pushing the dose rate above 100 Gy/s is found to be marginal. Preliminary animal experiments have been conducted for validation. Overall, our study predicts that the dose rate associated with maximum normal tissue protection is between 50 Gy/s and 100 Gy/s. Other than the postulation of the hypoxic stem cell niches in normal tissues, we believe that a framework based upon the oxygen depletion hypothesis and OER is not able to efficiently interpret differential responses between normal and tumor tissue under FLASH irradiation.
Serological and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns As Well As Molecular Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Coastal Waters in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elhadi Nasreldin , Yamani Lamya Zohair , Aljeldah Mohammed , Alomar Amer Ibrahim , Ibrahim Hafiz , Diab Asim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus belongs to the halophilic genus of Vibrionaceae family that inhabits coastal and marine environments and is a major food-borne pathogen. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Saudi Arabia in particular, there is a lack of information regarding the detection of pandemic clone or serovariants of V. parahaemolyticus pandemic clones. Here, 400 seawater samples were collected and examined for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus from 10 locations along the coast of Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. The recovered isolates were serotyped, and studied for antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and markers of pandemicity using PCR and Arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR typing patterns. All 40 isolates were tested negative for tdh, trh, and toxRS genes. Six serotypes were identified and three were clinically significant. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates revealed high resistance towards penicillins, cephalosporins, and polymyxin; 60% of isolates were multi-drug resistant, whereas all isolates were susceptible to quinolones, carbapenems, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index among antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates revealed that 12 (30%) isolates had recorded significant MAR index higher than 0.2. AP-PCR fingerprinting could group all isolates into five distinct and identical pattern clusters with more than 85% similarity. Our findings demonstrate that pandemic serovariants of pandemic clones were not exclusively limited to strains isolated from fecal specimens of infected patients. Nine environmental strains of serotype O1:KUT, O1: K25, and O5:K17 were isolated from costal seawater, and thus the spread of these serovariants strains of pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus in the environment is to avoid any kind of threat to public health.
Drones and machine learning for estimating forest carbon storage
Authors: Sharma Sadikshya , Dhal Sambandh , Rout Tapas , Acharya Bharat Sharma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstimating forest carbon storage is crucial for understanding sink capacities to facilitate carbon crediting and mitigate climate change. Images captured with RGB or LiDAR cameras, mounted on drones, could be used to derive forest structural parameters such as canopy area, height, and tree diameter. Further, these data could be used in Machine Learning models and allometric equations to rapidly and precisely estimate and model carbon storage in their living biomass.
Graphical Abstract
Know Your Customer: Balancing innovation and regulation for financial inclusion
Authors: Elliott Karen , Coopamootoo Kovila , Curran Edward , Ezhilchelvan Paul , Finnigan Samantha , Horsfall Dave , Ma Zhichao , Ng Magdalene , Spiliotopoulos Tasos , Wu Han , van Moorsel Aad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFinancial inclusion depends on providing adjusted services for citizens with disclosed vulnerabilities. At the same time, the financial industry needs to adhere to a strict regulatory framework, which is often in conflict with the desire for inclusive, adaptive, and privacy-preserving services. In this article we study how this tension impacts the deployment of privacy-sensitive technologies aimed at financial inclusion. We conduct a qualitative study with banking experts to understand their perspectives on service development for financial inclusion. We build and demonstrate a prototype solution based on open source decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials software and report on feedback from the banking experts on this system. The technology is promising thanks to its selective disclosure of vulnerabilities to the full control of the individual. This supports GDPR requirements, but at the same time, there is a clear tension between introducing these technologies and fulfilling other regulatory requirements, particularly with respect to “Know Your Customer.” We consider the policy implications stemming from these tensions and provide guidelines for the further design of related technologies.
Periodic expansion of one by Salem numbers
Authors: AKIYAMA SHIGEKI , HICHRI HACHEM 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe show that for a Salem number$\beta $of degreed, there exists a positive constant$c(d)$where$\beta ^m$is a Parry number for integersmof natural density$\ge c(d)$. Further, we show$c(6)>1/2$and discuss a relation to the discretized rotation in dimension$4$.
Fitness cost of Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults emerged from pupae with different dormancy regimes: the case of prolonged chilling
Authors: Moraiti Cleopatra A. , Verykouki Eleni , Papadopoulos Nikos T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a univoltine species that overwinters at pupal stage. Under optimum overwintering conditions pupae will develop into adults the next spring. Shorter or longer than optimum chilling periods induce prolonged pupae dormancy. Pupae that enter prolonged dormancy due to a short chilling period exhibit high emergence rates after a second cycle of cold/warm periods. Adults found to be larger and less fecund compared to their counterparts from pupae with annual diapause. On the other hand, extreme long chilling periods at pupal stage results in high mortality rates. However, for one Greek population, a substantial number of adults emerged following prolonged chilling of pupae (ca. 18 consecutive months). In this study, we used three R. cerasi populations in order to address possible geographical variation in fitness cost of adults from pupae with prolonged dormancy. In addition, the fitness traits of these adults emerging after prolonged pupae chilling were compared with that of their counterparts from pupae with annual diapause or prolonged dormancy. Our results reveal no population-specific variation in fitness cost of adults from pupae with prolonged dormancy. Within a population, lifetime fecundity did not differ between adults emerged from pupae with prolonged dormancy and those emerged after prolonged pupae chilling. Adults emerged from pupae exposed to prolonged chilling suffer an additional reduction in adult longevity compared to adults from pupae with prolonged dormancy. Hence, fitness of R. cerasi adults is regulated by diapause regimes of pupae.
Wise Mothers and Wise Buyers: Marketing Tea and Home Improvement in 1930s South Africa
Authors: Carline Katie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHistories of advertising in Africa focus on the postwar and postcolonial periods. This essay examines an innovative marketing campaign in South Africa's eastern Cape in the 1930s. The campaign reveals congruence and conflict between increased marketing of consumer goods to African households and the contemporaneous growth of women's home improvement societies. The newspaper Umlindi we Nyanga used testimonials and written competitions to sell its Ambrosia brand of tea to rural women. Advertisers and consumers drew on local meanings of tea consumption and debates about feminine respectability to present tea-drinking women as ‘intelligent’ and ‘wise mothers’. The emphasis on intelligence linked tea to literacy, in part because text-based consumer culture offered rural women a way to visibly consume socially respectable goods. The essay concludes with a close examination of two testimonials written by leaders of home improvement societies, which hint at the contradictions implicit in the commercialization of the ‘wise mother’.
Reversing Pascal: scepticism about religious belief and its value
Authors: Smilansky Saul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPascal famously argued that practical reasoning should lead people to try to form within themselves a commitment to religious practice and obedience, based upon a belief in God. I propose to take a less ambitious argument, which I call the Sensible Argument, and use it to present The Puzzle. I argue that there is a huge puzzle here, about the radical dissonance between the beliefs and practices of many of the purportedly religious. There are, I will argue, good reasons to doubt, concerning many (clearly not all or indeed most) purported religious believers, whether they are indeed believers, or at least whether their beliefs are strong; and religion seems to greatly increase the risks of deception, duplicity, and hypocrisy, as well as self-deception and inauthenticity. By turning towards a religious form of life, one will therefore be adding great morality-related risks. Arguably, if there is a God who deeply cares about individual moral behaviour, he would punish religious moral transgressors more than the secular ones. One is unlikely to be saved from hell (or other severe divine punishment) by becoming religious. If one is going to wager, it seems much more sensible to wager on the secular side.
Swimming against the theological and pedagogical stream: Lessons from Karl Barth on teaching within the theological disciplines
Authors: Bender Kimlyn J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKarl Barth's deeply rooted theological convictions directly shaped his pedagogical practice. These convictions continue to merit reflection today. Barth's theological pedagogy is dedicated to his convictions pertaining to: 1) the particularity of theology's subject matter; 2) the necessary embodiment of theology's practice in an ecclesial and confessional tradition; 3) an open and charitable reading of the church's past; and 4) a principled rejection of ideology. These four convictions are explored in this essay with an eye to their relevance and importance for the teaching of theology and contemporary challenges. The essay concludes with a brief account of the dispositions that should accompany these convictions.
Configuration selection for tip-over stability of a modular reconfigurable mobile manipulator under various application situations
Authors: Song Tao , Yang Hao , Guo Shuai , Cui Guohua , Yan Zhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA method is presented for configuration selection to obtain the best tip-over stability of a modular reconfigurable mobile manipulator (MRMM) under various application situations. The said MRMM consists of a modular reconfigurable robot (MRR) mounted on a mobile platform. The MRR in different configurations creates different wrenches onto the mobile platform, leading to different tip-over moments of the MRMM, even though the joint speeds or tip speeds remain the same. The underlying problem pertains to selecting one configuration of MRR for reconfiguration that would obtain the best tip-over stability under a given application. First, all the permissible configurations are identified through an enumeration method. Then, the feasible configurations are determined based on application-oriented workspace classifications. At last, two workspace indices, vertical reach and horizontal reach, are used to select an optimal configuration. The tip-over stability analysis and evaluation of MRMM are carried out for verification for three cases including vertical, horizontal, and general 3D space applications. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Deep Convective Cloud Top Altitudes at High Temporal and Spatial Resolution
Authors: Pfister L. , Ueyama R. , Jensen E. J. , Schoeberl M. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe describe and validate a method of calculating convective cloud top altitudes and potential temperatures up to 50° latitude at high spatial (0.25°) and temporal (3 hr) resolution. The approach uses the statistics of the CloudSat cloud radar deep convective cloud classification product coupled with nighttime CALIOP lidar measurements to effectively “calibrate” the high frequency, high resolution global rainfall and brightness temperature data that is used to derive convective cloud top altitudes. Thus, our product agrees well with the statistics of the CloudSat/CALIOP convective cloud tops, especially in the tropics and over oceanic regions. Agreement is reasonable, but not as good, for land‐based convection. The estimated uncertainty in cloud top altitudes in our product is 0.5–1.0 km over land areas, with smaller uncertainties over the oceans. The diurnal cycle of the new convection data set is in good agreement with precipitation radar convective climatology.