bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergy of metal nanoparticles and organometallic complex in NAD(P)H regeneration via relay hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Maodi , Zhao Zhenchao , Li Chunzhi , Li He , Liu Jiali , Yang Qihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost, if not all, of the hydrogenation reactions are catalyzed by organometallic complexes (M) or heterogeneous metal catalysts, but to improve both the activity and selectivity simultaneously in one reaction via a rational combination of the two types of catalysts remains largely unexplored. In this work, we report a hydrogenation mode though H species relay from supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) to M, where the former is responsible for H2dissociation, and M is for further hydride transferring to reactants. The synergy between metal NPs and M yields an efficient NAD(P)H regeneration system with >99% selectivity and a magnitude higher activity than the corresponding metal NPs and M. The modularizing of hydrogenation reaction into hydrogen activation with metal NPs and substrate activation with metal complex paves a new way to rationally address the challenging hydrogenation reactions.
A deep learning approach for semantic segmentation of unbalanced data in electron tomography of catalytic materials
Authors: Genc Arda , Kovarik Libor , Fraser Hamish L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn computed TEM tomography, image segmentation represents one of the most basic tasks with implications not only for 3D volume visualization, but more importantly for quantitative 3D analysis. In case of large and complex 3D data sets, segmentation can be an extremely difficult and laborious task, and thus has been one of the biggest hurdles for comprehensive 3D analysis. Heterogeneous catalysts have complex surface and bulk structures, and often sparse distribution of catalytic particles with relatively poor intrinsic contrast, which possess a unique challenge for image segmentation, including the current state-of-the-art deep learning methods. To tackle this problem, we apply a deep learning-based approach for the multi-class semantic segmentation of a γ-Alumina/Pt catalytic material in a class imbalance situation. Specifically, we used the weighted focal loss as a loss function and attached it to the U-Net’s fully convolutional network architecture. We assessed the accuracy of our results using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), recall, precision, and Hausdorff distance (HD) metrics on the overlap between the ground-truth and predicted segmentations. Our adopted U-Net model with the weighted focal loss function achieved an average DSC score of 0.96 ± 0.003 in the γ-Alumina support material and 0.84 ± 0.03 in the Pt NPs segmentation tasks. We report an average boundary-overlap error of less than 2 nm at the 90th percentile of HD for γ-Alumina and Pt NPs segmentations. The complex surface morphology of γ-Alumina and its relation to the Pt NPs were visualized in 3D by the deep learning-assisted automatic segmentation of a large data set of high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography reconstructions.
Non-destructive, continuous monitoring of biochemical, mechanical, and structural maturation in engineered tissue
Authors: Haudenschild Anne K. , Sherlock Benjamin E. , Zhou Xiangnan , Sheaff Clay S. , Hu Jerry C. , Leach J. Kent , Marcu Laura , Athanasiou Kyriacos A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRegulatory guidelines for tissue engineered products require stringent characterization during production and necessitate the development of novel, non-destructive methods to quantify key functional parameters for clinical translation. Traditional assessments of engineered tissues are destructive, expensive, and time consuming. Here, we introduce a non-destructive, inexpensive, and rapid sampling and analysis system that can continuously monitor the mechanical, biochemical, and structural properties of a single sample over extended periods of time. The label-free system combines the imaging modalities of fluorescent lifetime imaging and ultrasound backscatter microscopy through a fiber-based interface for sterile monitoring of tissue quality. We tested the multimodal system using tissue engineered articular cartilage as an experimental model. We identified strong correlations between optical and destructive testing. Combining FLIm and UBM results, we created a novel statistical model of tissue homogeneity that can be applied to tissue engineered constructs prior to implantation. Continuous monitoring of engineered tissues with this non-destructive system has the potential for in-process monitoring of tissue engineered products, reducing costs and improving quality controls in research, manufacturing, and clinical applications.
Identification and modelling of dynamic parameters for round link chains subject to axial loads
Authors: Zhang Kun , Sun Zhengxian , Su Jinpeng , Wei Xuntao , Du Mingchao , Chen Hongyue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA round link chain subject to axial dynamic loads composes a nonlinear viscoelastic system. Unlike the classical pounding problems, the round link chain will not only suffer linear elastic deformation, but also nonlinear plastic or impacting deformation. Based on theoretical formulation and experiments, a new approach is presented in this paper to model and identify the nonlinear dynamic parameters, namely the stiffness and damping for the round link chain. With linear deformation, nonlinear deformation and energy dissipation considered, a modified nonlinear viscoelastic model is developed to describe the vibrational behavior of the chain with numbers of round links. The linear elastic model and impacting model are combined to derive the equivalent nonlinear stiffness, while experiments and the least square fitting method are employed to identify the nonlinear damping according to the modified nonlinear viscoelastic model. The influences of the key parameters such as the length of the chain, elastic module and loading frequency on the dynamic stiffness and damping are investigated. Another test is performed to validate the identification model and good agreements are observed.
CFD simulation on optimum material to fabricate the counter flow of Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube
Authors: Rao K. Kiran Kumar , Ramesh A. , Hampali Chennabasappa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe basic objective of the current investigation by using CFD simulation is to select the appropriate material to fabricate Vortex tubes in meteorological conditions, which can improve efficiency and performance. The simulation results of vortex tubes were used in obtaining the performance for various materials such as copper, stainlessteel, brass, PVC, CPVC, acrylic, nylon, and bronze. The ratio of length of the hot tube and inner diameter was chosen as (L/D) 40 with the consistent inner diameter of the hot tube as 15 mm. Compressed air is passed through an inlet pipe between 2 and 12 bars in the step of 2 bars. 2D CFD was developed and analyzed with Ansys Fluent to access the performance of the vortex tube. Finally, after evaluating all simulation values for eight materials for performance depending upon their physical properties varies in the sequence from copper–bronze–brass–stainless steel–CPVC–PVC–acrylic–nylon material.
Drivers of partially automated vehicles are blamed for crashes that they cannot reasonably avoid
Authors: Beckers Niek , Siebert Luciano Cavalcante , Bruijnes Merijn , Jonker Catholijn , Abbink David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeople seem to hold the human driver to be primarily responsible when their partially automated vehicle crashes, yet is this reasonable? While the driver is often required to immediately take over from the automation when it fails, placing such high expectations on the driver to remain vigilant in partially automated driving is unreasonable. Drivers show difficulties in taking over control when needed immediately, potentially resulting in dangerous situations. From a normative perspective, it would be reasonable to consider the impact of automation on the driver’s ability to take over control when attributing responsibility for a crash. We, therefore, analyzed whether the public indeed considers driver ability when attributing responsibility to the driver, the vehicle, and its manufacturer. Participants blamed the driver primarily, even though they recognized the driver’s decreased ability to avoid the crash. These results portend undesirable situations in which users of partially driving automation are the ones held responsible, which may be unreasonable due to the detrimental impact of driving automation on human drivers. Lastly, the outcome signals that public awareness of such human-factors issues with automated driving should be improved.
An enduring in vitro wound healing phase recipient by bioactive glass-graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Nandhakumar Manjubaashini , Thangaian Daniel Thangadurai , Sundaram Senthilarasu , Roy Anurag , Subramanian Balakumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBioactive glass (BG) is an interesting topic in soft tissue engineering because of its biocompatibility and bonding potential to increase fibroblast cell proliferation, synthesize growth factors, and stimulate granulation tissue development. The proposed BG with and without sodium (Na), prepared by the sol–gel method, is employed in wound healing studies. The BG/graphene oxide (GO) and BG (Na-free)/GO nanocomposites were investigated against fibroblast L929 cells in vitro; the 45S5 BG nanocomposites exhibited desired cell viability (80%), cell proliferation (30%), cell migration (25%), metabolic activity, and wound contraction due to extracellular matrix (ECM) production and enhanced protein release by fibroblast cells. Additionally, the antioxidant assays for BG, BG (Na-free), GO, and BG/GO, BG (Na-free)/GO were evaluated for effective wound healing properties. The results showed decreased inflammation sites in the wound area, assessed by the (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) (DPPH) assay with ~ 80% radical scavenging activity, confirming their anti-inflammatory and improved wound healing properties.
Serum albumin and the short-term mortality in individuals with congestive heart failure in intensive care unit: an analysis of MIMIC
Authors: Chao Peng , Cui Xinyue , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Lei , Ma Qingru , Zhang Xueqin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDecreased albumin levels are common in congestive heart failure (CHF), but little is known about its role in mortality risk in CHF. This study developed a cohort prediction model based on 7121 individuals with heart failure to evaluate the short-term mortality and prognostic role of albumin in patients with CHF. The cohort was from intensive care unit between 2001 and 2012 in a publicly available clinical database in intensive care called MIMIC III. We used a generalized additive model to determine the nonlinear correlation between serum albumin and 14th day, 28th day and 90th day all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. The results showed that serum albumin is an independent risk factor for 14th, 28th and 90th day all-cause mortality, and has a linear relationship with all-cause mortality in congestive heart failure. Cox regression analysis using restricted cubic spline with albumin as continuous parameter showed that the decrease of albumin level is directly related to the increase of mortality (14th day mortality: hazard ratio [HR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.73]); 28th day mortality: HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.63]; 90th day mortality: HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.57]; P for trend < 0.001). The multivariate adjusted association between albumin (as a continuous variable) and all-cause mortality on the 90th days is mixed by ARDS [HR, 0.64, 95% CI (0.47–0.87), P = 0.005]. The all-cause mortality on the 90th day predicted better clinical results with the all-cause mortality on the 14th day.
Shouting strengthens voluntary force during sustained maximal effort through enhancement of motor system state via motor commands
Authors: Takarada Yudai , Nozaki Daichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious research indicates that shouting during momentary maximal exertion effort potentiates the maximal voluntary force through the potentiation of motor cortical excitability. However, the muscular force-enhancing effects of shouting on sustained maximal force production remain unclear. We investigated the effect of shouting on the motor system state by examining motor evoked potentials in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the hand area of the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) during sustained maximal voluntary contraction, and by assessing handgrip maximal voluntary force. We observed that shouting significantly increased handgrip maximal voluntary force and reduced the silent period. Our results indicate that shouting increased handgrip voluntary force during sustained maximal exertion effort through the reduced silent period. This is the first objective evidence that the muscular force of shouting during maximal force exertion is associated with the potentiation of motor system activity produced by the additional drive of shouting operating on the motor system (i.e., shouting-induced excitatory input to M1).
A noninferiority trial comparing left paratracheal pressure versus cricoid pressure on tracheal intubation conditions using the Pentax Airway Scope
Authors: Kim Ha Yeon , Moon Jee Hwan , Park Hee Yeon , Min Sang Kee , Kim Jong Yeop 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere are no studies evaluating the effect of left paratracheal pressure (PP) on difficulty of intubation using Pentax Airway Scope (Pentax), so we conducted this study to show that PP was not inferior to cricoid pressure (CP) in intubation time using the Pentax. Patients aged 19–70 years, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2, and undergoing otorhinolaryngological, gynecological surgery, and cholecystectomy at a single university hospital were enrolled. Intubation was performed using the Pentax under PP or CP of 30 N. The primary outcome was intubation time, and the secondary outcomes were tube advancement difficulty and glottis view. The mean difference in intubation time (PP group − CP group) was − 4.19 s (95% CI − 8.24 to − 0.15), which was within the non-inferiority margin of 6.5 s, thus proving non-inferiority of the PP compared with the CP group. However, the score for tube advancement difficulty was significantly lower in the PP group than in the CP group (p = 0.02). PP did not prolong the intubation time and showed comparable intubation conditions to CP in intubation using the Pentax. Therefore, PP may be a good alternative maneuver to prevent gastric regurgitation during intubation using the Pentax.
Chiral 480 nm absorption in the hemoglycin space polymer: a possible link to replication
Authors: McGeoch Julie E. M. , McGeoch Malcolm W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 1494 Dalton hemoglycin space polymer of Glycine18 Hydroxy-glycine4 Fe2O4 termed the “core unit” is part of a polymer of Glycine, Si, Fe and O that forms tubes, vesicles and a lattice structure. It has been isolated from four different CV3 meteorites and characterized by mass spectrometry, FIB/SIMS and X-ray analysis. In quantum calculations (HF and DF wB97X-D 6-31G) the polymer has an absorption at 480 nm that is dependent on rectus “R” (= dextro D) chirality in a hydroxy glycine residue whose C-terminus is bonded to an iron atom. The absorption originates in the Fe II state as a consequence of chiral symmetry breaking. In confirmation of theory, measurements at Diamond Light Source UK, on crystals of hemoglycin derived from Acfer-086 and Sutter’s Mill meteorites have shown a strong 483 ± 3 nm absorption that confirms the proposed location of hydroxy glycine residues within the polymer. A high 483 nm to 580 nm absorption ratio points to an “R” chirality excess in hemoglycin, suggesting that 480 nm photons could have provided the energy for its replication in the protoplanetary disc.
Weakly supervised skin lesion segmentation based on spot‐seeds guided optimal regions
Authors: Al‐Huda Zaid , Yao Yuan , Yao Jing , Peng Bo , Raza Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAutomatic skin lesion segmentation is the most critical and relevant task in computer‐aided skin cancer diagnosis. Methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are mainly used in current skin lesion segmentation. The requirement of huge pixel‐level labels is a significant obstacle to achieve semantic segmentation of skin lesion by CNNs. In this paper, a novel weakly supervised framework for skin lesion segmentation is presented, which generates high‐quality pixel‐level annotations and optimizes the segmentation network. A hierarchical image segmentation algorithm can predict a boundary map for training images. Then, the optimal regions of candidate hierarchical levels are selected. Afterward, Superpixels‐CRF built on the optimal regions is guided by spot seeds to propagate information from spot seeds to unlabeled regions, resulting in high‐quality pixel‐level annotations. Using these high‐quality pixel‐level annotations, a segmentation network can be trained and segmentation masks can be predicted. To iteratively optimize the segmentation network, the predicted segmentation masks are refined and the segmentation network are retrained. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed segmentation framework reduces the gap between weakly and fully supervised skin lesion segmentation methods, and achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance while reducing human labeling efforts.
Smart cities and innovations: Addressing user acceptance with virtual reality and Digital Twin City
Authors: Michalik David , Kohl Per , Kummert Anton 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe transformation into smart cities is imminent to meet the rising number of urban problems and challenges. Digital technologies offer great potential to develop smart solutions, especially in the areas of public administration, energy, infrastructure and mobility. For the successful diffusion, the acceptance of the individual is a crucial part, which can be addressed by an immersive experience along with the personal collection of insights of the innovation. However, at the same time a paradox arises as many new developments are still in the making and therefore, are not yet available to the public. Immersive virtualisation technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) offer great potential to solve this problem. In this study, the usability of VR technology to address individual's innovation barriers in general and to explore the use of emerging digital twin cities (DTC) is analysed, as they provide an ideal basis for the customised creation of immersive VR‐applications. Although several themes and applications regarding the potential of DTCs have been addressed in literature, their explicit use in the field of acceptance research has not been pursued. Therefore, a new methodology is introduced and first implementations and results are presented and discussed.
Planet-star interactions with precise transit timing
Authors: Maciejewski G. , Fernández M. , Sota A. , Amado P. J. , Dimitrov D. , Nikolov Y. , Ohlert J. , Mugrauer M. , Bischoff R. , Heyne T. , Hildebrandt F. , Stenglein W. , Arévalo A. A. , Neira S. , Riesco L. A. , Sánchez Martínez V. , Verdugo M. M. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Hot Jupiters on extremely short-period orbits are expected to be unstable due to tidal dissipation and spiral toward their host stars. That is because they transfer the angular momentum of the orbital motion through tidal dissipation into the stellar interior. Although the magnitude of this phenomenon is related to the physical properties of a specific star-planet system, statistical studies show that tidal dissipation might shape the architecture of hot Jupiter systems during the stellar lifetime on the main sequence.
Aims. The efficiency of tidal dissipation remains poorly constrained in star-planet systems. Stellar interior models show that the dissipation of dynamical tides in radiation zones could be the dominant mechanism driving planetary orbital decay. These theoretical predictions can be verified with the transit timing method.
Methods. We acquired new precise transit mid-times for five planets. They were previously identified as the best candidates for which orbital decay might be detected. Analysis of the timing data allowed us to place tighter constraints on the orbital decay rate.
Results. No statistically significant changes in their orbital periods were detected for all five hot Jupiters in systems HAT-P-23, KELT-1, KELT-16, WASP-18, and WASP-103. For planets HAT-P-23 b, WASP-18 b, and WASP-103 b, observations show that the mechanism of the dynamical tidal dissipation probably does not operate in their host stars, preventing their orbits from rapidly decaying. This finding aligns with the models of stellar interiors of F-type stars, in which dynamical tides are not fully damped due to convective cores. For KELT-16 b, the span of transit timing data was not long enough to verify the theoretical predictions. KELT-1 b was identified as a potential laboratory for studying the dissipative tidal interactions of inertial waves in a convective layer. Continued observations of those two planets may provide further empirical verification of the tidal dissipation theory.
Clinical Value of Serum BMP-4, BMP-2, GDF-15, MMP-9, GP39 Levels in
Pregnant Women with Obesity and the Related Comorbidities Diabetes Mellitus and
Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Yarsilikal Guleroglu Filiz , Selvi Esra , Turan Bakirci Isil , Bafalı Olgu , Argun Atalmis Hatice , Yasti Dayan Merve , Balkan Ozmen Aliye , Yurtcu Nazan , Seker Atas Busra , Ozdemir Anayurt Esma , Cetin Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims We evaluated the clinical value of selected serum biomarkers BMP-4,
BMP-2, GDF-15, MMP-9, and GP39 in pregnant women with obesity and the
comorbidities diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational hypertension (GHT).
Methods This observational study had groups of controls, including healthy
pregnant women; women with only obesity, including pregnant women with
BMI≥30 kg/m2; women with gestational DM
(GDM) with obesity, including pregnant women with GDM and obesity; women with
pregestational DM (PGDM) with obesity, including pregnant women with PGDM and
obesity; and women with GHT with obesity, including pregnant women with GHT and
obesity. We measured serum levels of selected biomarkers by ELISA.
ResultsObesity increased serum levels of all the biomarkers; GDM developed
in obese women caused a more pronounced increase in the serum levels of BMP-4
and BMP-2, and GHT developed in obese women caused a more pronounced increase in
the serum levels of GDF-15. In the women with GDM-, PGDM-, and GHT-complicated
obesity, serum levels of MMP-9 and GP39 did not change meaningfully.
Conclusions Obesity and its comorbidities DM and GHT lead to meaningful
changes in the studied serum biomarkers. Since obesity has a causal effect on
developing numerous conditions, reliable clinical biomarkers are needed to
improve the early prediction and diagnosis of high-risk conditions during
pregnancy.