bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited solvation of an electron donating tryptophan stabilizes a photoinduced charge-separated state in plant (6–4) photolyase
Authors: Hosokawa Yuhei , Müller Pavel , Kitoh-Nishioka Hirotaka , Iwai Shigenori , Yamamoto Junpei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract(6–4) Photolyases ((6–4) PLs) are ubiquitous photoenzymes that use the energy of sunlight to catalyze the repair of carcinogenic UV-induced DNA lesions, pyrimidine(6–4)pyrimidone photoproducts. To repair DNA, (6–4) PLs must first undergo so-called photoactivation, in which their excited flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor is reduced in one or two steps to catalytically active FADH− via a chain of three or four conserved tryptophan residues, transiently forming FAD•−/FADH− ⋯ TrpH•+ pairs separated by distances of 15 to 20 Å. Photolyases and related photoreceptors cryptochromes use a plethora of tricks to prevent charge recombination of photoinduced donor–acceptor pairs, such as chain branching and elongation, rapid deprotonation of TrpH•+ or protonation of FAD•−. Here, we address Arabidopsis thaliana (6–4) PL (At64) photoactivation by combining molecular biology, in vivo survival assays, static and time-resolved spectroscopy and computational methods. We conclude that At64 photoactivation is astonishingly efficient compared to related proteins—due to two factors: exceptionally low losses of photoinduced radical pairs through ultrafast recombination and prevention of solvent access to the terminal Trp3H•+, which significantly extends its lifetime. We propose that a highly conserved histidine residue adjacent to the 3rd Trp plays a key role in Trp3H•+ stabilization.
Surveying soil-borne disease development on wild rocket salad crop by proximal sensing based on high-resolution hyperspectral features
Authors: Galieni Angelica , Nicastro Nicola , Pentangelo Alfonso , Platani Cristiano , Cardi Teodoro , Pane Catello 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Brassicaceae) is a baby-leaf vegetable crop of high economic interest, used in ready-to-eat minimally processed salads, with an appreciated taste and nutraceutical features. Disease management is key to achieving the sustainability of the entire production chain in intensive systems, where synthetic fungicides are limited or not permitted. In this context, soil-borne pathologies, much feared by growers, are becoming a real emergency. Digital screening of green beds can be implemented in order to optimize the use of sustainable means. The current study used a high-resolution hyperspectral array (spectroscopy at 350–2500 nm) to attempt to follow the progression of symptoms of Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, and Sclerotium disease across four different severity levels. A Random Forest machine learning model reduced dimensions of the training big dataset allowing to compute de novo vegetation indices specifically informative about canopy decay caused by all basal pathogenic attacks. Their transferability was also tested on the canopy dataset, which was useful for assessing the health status of wild rocket plants. Indeed, the progression of symptoms associated with soil-borne pathogens is closely related to the reduction of leaf absorbance of the canopy in certain ranges of visible and shortwave infrared spectral regions sensitive to reduction of chlorophyll and other pigments as well as to modifications of water content and turgor.
First titanosaur dinosaur nesting site from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil
Authors: Fiorelli Lucas E. , Martinelli Agustín G. , da Silva João Ismael , Hechenleitner E. Martín , Soares Marcus Vinícius Theodoro , Silva Junior Julian C. G. , da Silva José Carlos , Borges Élbia Messias Roteli , Ribeiro Luiz Carlos Borges , Marconato André , Basilici Giorgio , da Silva Marinho Thiago 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitanosaurs were successful herbivorous dinosaurs widely distributed in all continents during the Cretaceous, with the major diversity in South America. The success of titanosaurs was probably due to several physiological and ecological factors, in addition to a series of morphological traits they achieved during their evolutionary history. However, the generalist nesting behaviour using different palaeoenvironments and strategies was key to accomplish that success. Titanosaur nesting sites have been found extensively around the world, with notable records in Spain, France, Romania, India, and, especially, Argentina. Here, we describe the first titanosaur nesting site from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil that represents the most boreal nesting site for South America. Several egg-clutches, partially preserved, isolated eggs and many eggshell fragments were discovered in an Inceptisol palaeosol profile of the mining Lafarge Quarry, at the Ponte Alta District (Uberaba Municipality, Minas Gerais State), corresponding to the Serra da Galga Formation (Bauru Group, Bauru Basin). Although classical mechanical preparation and CT scans have not revealed embryonic remains in ovo, the eggs and eggshell features match those eggs containing titanosaurian embryos found worldwide. The morphology of the egg-clutches and observations of the sedimentary characteristics bolster the hypothesis that these sauropods were burrow-nester dinosaurs, as was already suggested for the group based on other nesting sites. The egg-clutches distributed in two levels along the Lafarge outcrops, together with the geopalaeontological data collected, provide clear evidence for the first colonial nesting and breeding area of titanosaur dinosaurs in Brazil.
Fractal analysis of 4D dynamic myocardial stress-CT perfusion imaging differentiates micro- and macrovascular ischemia in a multi-center proof-of-concept study
Authors: Michallek Florian , Nakamura Satoshi , Ota Hideki , Ogawa Ryo , Shizuka Takehito , Nakashima Hitoshi , Wang Yi-Ning , Ito Tatsuro , Sakuma Hajime , Dewey Marc , Kitagawa Kakuya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFractal analysis of dynamic, four-dimensional computed tomography myocardial perfusion (4D-CTP) imaging might have potential for noninvasive differentiation of microvascular ischemia and macrovascular coronary artery disease (CAD) using fractal dimension (FD) as quantitative parameter for perfusion complexity. This multi-center proof-of-concept study included 30 rigorously characterized patients from the AMPLIFiED trial with nonoverlapping and confirmed microvascular ischemia (nmicro = 10), macrovascular CAD (nmacro = 10), or normal myocardial perfusion (nnormal = 10) with invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements as reference standard. Perfusion complexity was comparatively high in normal perfusion (FDnormal = 4.49, interquartile range [IQR]:4.46–4.53), moderately reduced in microvascular ischemia (FDmicro = 4.37, IQR:4.36–4.37), and strongly reduced in macrovascular CAD (FDmacro = 4.26, IQR:4.24–4.27), which allowed to differentiate both ischemia types, p < 0.001. Fractal analysis agreed excellently with perfusion state (κ = 0.96, AUC = 0.98), whereas myocardial blood flow (MBF) showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.77, AUC = 0.78). For detecting CAD patients, fractal analysis outperformed MBF estimation with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 85% versus 100% and 25%, p = 0.02. In conclusion, fractal analysis of 4D-CTP allows to differentiate microvascular from macrovascular ischemia and improves detection of hemodynamically significant CAD in comparison to MBF estimation.
Role of detrusor PDGFRα+ cells in mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced detrusor overactivity
Authors: Lee Haeyeong , Koh Byoung H. , Peri Lauren E. , Woodward Holly J. , Perrino Brian A. , Sanders Kenton M. , Koh Sang Don 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis is a rodent model that shares many features common to the cystitis occurring in patients, including detrusor overactivity (DO). Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha positive (PDGFRα+) cells have been proposed to regulate muscle excitability in murine bladders during filling. PDGFRα+cells express small conductance Ca2+-activated K+channels (predominantly SK3) that provide stabilization of membrane potential during filling. We hypothesized that down-regulation of the regulatory functions of PDGFRα+cells and/or loss of PDGFRα+cells generates the DO in CYP-treated mice. After CYP treatment, transcripts ofPdgfrαandKcnn3and PDGFRα and SK3 protein were reduced in detrusor muscle extracts. The distribution of PDGFRα+cells was also reduced. Inflammatory markers were increased in CYP-treated detrusor muscles. An SK channel agonist, CyPPA, increased outward current and hyperpolarization in PDGFRα+cells. This response was significantly depressed in PDGFRα+cells from CYP-treated bladders. Contractile experiments and ex vivo cystometry showed increased spontaneous contractions and transient contractions, respectively in CYP-treated bladders with a reduction of apamin sensitivity, that could be attributable to the reduction in the SK conductance expressed by PDGFRα+cells. In summary, PDGFRα+cells were reduced and the SK3 conductance was downregulated in CYP-treated bladders. These changes are consistent with the development of DO after CYP treatment.
Liquefiable biomass-derived porous carbons and their applications in CO2capture and conversion
Authors: He Jinglin , Jin Ziheng , Gan Fengli , Xie Lingling , Guo Jundong , Zhang Shihan , Jia Charles Q. , Ma Ding , Dai Zhongde , Jiang Xia 
Published: March 2022

Liquefiable biomass-derived porous carbons (LBPCs) have been explored as adsorbents for CO2 capture and catalysts for CO2 conversion, showing great potential in helping achieve “negative carbon emissions”.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and induced fit docking simulation study ofd-glucose-conjugated 1H-1,2,3-triazoles having 4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring as potential agents against bacteria and fungi
Authors: Son Hai Do , Thi Thu Ha Nguyen , Tien Tung Do , Thi Kim Giang Nguyen , Thi Thu Huong Nguyen , Huu Anh Hoang , Thi Kim Van Hoang , Ngoc Toan Vu , Toan Duong Ngoc , Thanh Nguyen Dinh 
Published: March 2022

Gluco-conjugated 1H-1,2,3-triazoles having 4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines are synthesized via click chemistry of N-propargyl-4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines and glucopyaranosyl azide using CuI@Montmorillonite. Their antibacterial, anti-MRSA, and antifungal activity is probed.
A novel design of single‐phase microgrid based on non‐interference core synchronous inverters for power system stabilization
Authors: Yorino Naoto , Sekizaki Shinya , Adachi Kota , Sasaki Yutaka , Zoka Yoshifumi , Bedawy Ahmed , Shimizu Toshihisa , Amimoto Kazuya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper summarizes our recent work on Grid‐Forming Inverter (GFM) application to power systems. We have developed a novel design of GFM, a single‐phase synchronous inverter (SSI) for the conventional 100/200V distribution network based on the concept of “non‐interference core (NIC) dynamic model.” This paper first explains the design concept of NIC‐SSI and a simulation model of SSI for power system analysis. Then the stabilization effect is investigated, where the installation of SSI on the single‐phase consumer side is assumed as a new concept. The improvement of frequency and transient stability are evaluated. The SSI model is verified by comparing the developed root mean square (RMS) simulation, hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation, and the experiment using SSI hardware. The simulation results show that the SSI has the considerable ability of grid stabilization. Singlephase micro‐grid (SMG) operations using SSIs are also presented. The effectiveness of SMG operations is shown based on laboratory experiments.
Return-to-sports after minimally invasive stabilization of intra-articular calcaneal fractures
Authors: Bischofreiter Martin , Litzlbauer Werner , Breulmann Franziska , Kindermann Harald , Rodemund Christian , Mattiassich Georg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Evaluation of different factors in patient quality of life after minimally invasive stabilization of intra-articular calcaneal fractures, including the return-to-sports rate.
Patients and Methods Patients with minimally invasive stabilization of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were collected from the database of a Level I trauma center and evaluated in a retrospective and explorative way. The clinical and radiological examination have been done immediately after the operation, after 2 and 6 weeks postoperative and after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Clinical and radiological examination was performed by applying the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot scale score (AOFAS), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Tegner Activity Scale, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and with a questionnaire about pre- and postoperative engagement in sport and recreational activities.
Results Fourty-nine patients with an isolated uni-lateral fracture of the calcaneus who fulfilled all inclusion criteria were assessed. Fourty-two of them were male and 24 were under the age of 50 years. No statistically significant differences were noted between Sanders I/II and Sanders III/IV in terms of SF-36, AOFAS, FAOS or Tegner-scale. A less satisfying result was noticed in Sanders III/IV patients. General health, pain in FAOS, physical functioning and pain in SF-36 were strongly dependent on Tegner score values. Twenty-nine percent of our study population changed sport activities after injury, whereas 22 percent stopped all kinds of sports. Consequently, our overall return-to-sport rate was 78 percent.
Conclusion Clinical results including different scores and quality of life parameters in our study population were satisfying. About 80 percent of patients could return to sports, but there are still many patients that were not able to perform sports and physical activities on the same level as before.
HemosIL VWF:GPIbR Assay Has a Greater Sensitivity than VWF:RCo Technique to Detect Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Laporte Pierre , Tuffigo Marie , Ryman Anne , Fiore Mathieu , Rivière Etienne , James Chloé , Guy Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is frequent in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). For von Willebrand factor (VWF) functional evaluation, ristocetin cofactor activity by aggregometry (VWF:RCo) is considered the gold standard but has limitations, and automated activity measurement has been developed such as the HemosIL VWF:RCo Werfen with particle agglutination (VWF:GPIbR).
Objectives To evaluate the performance of VWF:GPIbR with HemosIL VWF:RCo Werfen (VWF:GPIbR) versus VWF:RCo in patients with thrombocytosis in the context of MPNs (T-MPNs) and in patients with secondary thrombocytosis (ST).
Methods MPN patients with thrombocytosis >450 G/L (T-MPNs) were compared with patients with ST due to inflammation or iron deficiency. VWF activity (VWF:Act) was analyzed using VWF:RCo or VWF:GPIbR. VWF analysis was completed by analysis of VWF multimers and VWF collagen binding (CB) assay (VWF:CB).
Results A total of 33 T-MPNs and 18 ST patients were included. Compared with aggregometry, evaluation of VWF:Act by VWF:GPIbR led to lower values in T-MPN patients, but also in ST patients. Interestingly, although the VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio did not reveal differences between T-MPNs and ST patients, the VWF:GPIbR/VWF:Ag ratio analysis allowed us to suspect AVWS only in T-MPN patients. Using the distribution of VWF multimer analysis and VWF:CB, we here demonstrated that VWF:GPIbR allows AVWS diagnosis in nine T-MPNs as opposed to aggregometry.
Conclusion Evaluation of VWF:Act using VWF:GPIbR has a greater sensitivity compared with aggregometry to detect AVWS in T-MPN patients.
Pentosan Polysulfate Inhibits Attachment and Infection by SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro: Insights into Structural Requirements for Binding
Authors: Bertini Sabrina , Alekseeva Anna , Elli Stefano , Pagani Isabel , Zanzoni Serena , Eisele Giorgio , Krishnan Ravi , Maag Klaus P. , Reiter Christian , Lenhart Dominik , Gruber Rudolf , Yates Edwin A , Vicenzi Elisa , Naggi Annamaria , Bisio Antonella , Guerrini Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo years since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic, there remain few clinically effective drugs to complement vaccines. One is the anticoagulant, heparin, which in 2004 was found able to inhibit invasion of SARS-CoV (CoV-1) and which has been employed during the current pandemic to prevent thromboembolic complications and moderate potentially damaging inflammation. Heparin has also been shown experimentally to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 attachment and infection in susceptible cells. At high therapeutic doses however, heparin increases the risk of bleeding and prolonged use can cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, a serious side effect. One alternative, with structural similarities to heparin, is the plant-derived, semi-synthetic polysaccharide, pentosan polysulfate (PPS). PPS is an established drug for the oral treatment of interstitial cystitis, is well-tolerated, and exhibits weaker anticoagulant effects than heparin. In an established Vero cell model, PPS and its fractions of varying molecular weights inhibited invasion by SARS-CoV-2. Intact PPS and its size-defined fractions were characterized by molecular weight distribution and chemical structure using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, then employed to explore the structural basis of interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) and the inhibition of Vero cell invasion. PPS was as effective as unfractionated heparin, but more effective in inhibiting cell infection than low-molecular-weight heparin (on a weight/volume basis). Isothermal titration calorimetry and viral plaque-forming assays demonstrated size-dependent binding to S1 RBD and inhibition of Vero cell invasion, suggesting the potential application of PPS as a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Early Rhythm Control and the Risks of Ischemic Stroke, Heart Failure, Mortality, and Adverse Events When Performed Early (<3 Months): A Nationwide Cohort Study of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chao Tze-Fan , Chan Yi-Hsin , Chiang Chern-En , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Liao Jo-Nan , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: March 2022

Background In the Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial (EAST-AFNET 4), early rhythm control was associated with better clinical outcomes for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the intervention arm had more structured and regular follow-up, and whether the better outcomes of patients assigned to rhythm control were solely due to “early” intervention or because of more regular and structured follow-up was unclear.
Objective In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the findings of the EAST trial are applicable to the “real-world” clinical setting, where a less structured management protocol is operated.
Methods From 2001 to 2016, 301,064 newly diagnosed AF patients were identified from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Among these patients, 62,649 AF patients receiving antiarrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation within 1 year after AF being diagnosed (similar to the timing definition of the EAST-AFNET 4 trial) were categorized as the early rhythm control group, and the remaining 238,415 patients were defined as usual care group. Risks of clinical events were compared between the two groups.
Results Compared with usual care, early rhythm control was associated with a lower adjusted risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.771, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.751–0.792; p < 0.001), heart failure (aHR: 0.851, 95% CI: 0.806–0.899; p < 0.001), acute myocardial infarction (aHR: 0.915, 95% CI: 0.877–0.955; p < 0.001), mortality (aHR: 0.794, 95% CI: 0.782–0.806; p < 0.001), and composite adverse events (aHR: 0.823, 95% CI: 0.813–0.834; p < 0.001). Compared with usual care, the lower risks of ischemic stroke (aHR: 0.746, 95% CI: 0.717–0.775), heart failure (aHR: 0.819, 95% CI: 0.798–0.841), mortality (aHR: 0.777, 95% CI: 0.759–0.795), and composite adverse events (aHR: 0.802, 95% CI: 0.787–0.818) associated with early rhythm control were even more evident when performed early (<3 months) compared to later periods (3–6 months, 7–9 months, and 10–12 months; p
int < 0.001). Principal results were generally consistent for majority of subgroups studied and among the cohort after propensity matching.
Conclusion In this nationwide cohort study, early rhythm control therapy was associated with a lower risk of adverse events compared with usual care among patients with early AF. Outcomes were even better with earlier (<3 months) intervention.
Palladium-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Decarboxylative Hydrothiocarbonylation of Vinylarenes Using Oxalic Acid Monothioesters
Authors: Shang Rui , Li Kang , Shen Ni , Liu Can 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOxalic acid monothioester (OAM), an easily accessible and bench-stable reagent, is reported herein as a synthetic equivalent of thioester for palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative hydrothiocarbonylation of vinylarenes to achieve both branched and linear regioselectivity. The reactions provided user-friendly synthetic methods for preparation of α- or β-arylated propionic acid thioesters from vinylarenes without directly handling toxic carbon monoxide and odorous thiols.
Pituitary Adenomas as a Barometer for Health Care Access
Authors: Wallace Nathan John , Palmer William Jackson , Devaiah Anand K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Expanding access to care has been shown to impact patient care and disease epidemiology for different disease states, but has not been studied in pituitary adenoma. We hypothesize that increasing access to care—which includes diagnostics—through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicaid expansion has increased identification of pituitary adenomas.
Methods The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was utilized to identify patients with pituitary adenomas from 2007–to 2016 yielding 39,120 cases. Demographic, histologic, and insurance data were extracted. After stratification based on their insurance status, they were plotted to examine trends in insurance status after introduction of the ACA and Medicaid expansion.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data was gathered from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. A linear regression model was developed to describe the relationship between pituitary adenoma discovery and the number of MRI exams.
Results Pituitary adenoma diagnoses (37.6%) and MRI examinations per 1,000 in the U.S. (32.3%) increased concurrently from 2007 to 2016. Linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.0004). Those patients without insurance diagnosed with pituitary adenomas decreased 36.8% after Medicaid expansion (p = 0.023). With respect to Medicaid utilization, significant increases of 28.5% (p = 0.014) and 30.3% (p = 0.00096) were noted after both the ACA enactment and Medicaid expansion, respectively.
Conclusion The ACA has expanded health care access which has increased the ability to identify patients with pituitary adenomas. The present study also provides evidence that access to care is important for less prevalent diseases such as pituitary adenomas.