bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic moderation of the effects of family‐focused interventions (GxI interaction): A systematic review
Authors: Li Lijun , Zhang Jingchen , Rudi Jessie H. , Gewirtz Abigail H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGene by Intervention (GxI) interaction studies examine how a person's genotype may moderate (i.e., increase or decrease benefit from) an intervention's impact, typically in the context of randomized controlled trials. This systematic review examines genetic moderation effects for psychosocial and behavioral interventions that are family‐based or school‐/individual‐based with family components. Differential susceptibility was the most widely used theory. All studies demonstrated significant GxI effects, but the large numbers of interventions and the fragmentary information provided by different genes limits the generalizability of conclusions. Future research should develop stronger biobehavioral theories, designs, and methodologie for studying genes in the family context. The GxI effects reviewed deepen our understanding of genetic moderation effects in intervention studies, provide implications for research by indicating who may benefit more from an intervention, and further guide efforts to personalize intervention programs to include elements to which people with certain genetic characteristics are more sensitive.
Resting energy expenditure in adolescents with Down syndrome: a comparison of commonly used predictive equations
Authors: Helsel B. C. , Shook R. P. , Forseth B. , Dreyer Gillette M. L. , Polfuss M. , Miller B. , Posson P. , Steele R. , Thyfault J. P. , Ptomey L. T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with Down syndrome (DS) are two to three times more likely to be obese than their typically developing peers. When preventing or treating obesity, it is useful for clinicians to understand an individual's energy intake needs. Predictive resting energy expenditure (REE) equations are often recommended for general use in energy intake recommendations; however, these predictive equations have not been validated in youth with DS. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of seven commonly used predictive equations for estimating REE in adolescents who are typically developing to REE measured by indirect calorimetry in adolescents with DS.MethodsAdolescents with DS participated in a 90‐min laboratory visit before 10:00 a.m. after a 12‐h overnight fast and a 48‐h abstention from aerobic exercise. REE was measured via indirect calorimetry, and estimated REE was derived using the Institute of Medicine, Molnar, Muller and World Health Organization equations. Mean differences between the measured and predicted REE for each equation were evaluated with equivalency testing, and P‐values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Holm method.ResultsForty‐six adolescents with DS (age: 15.5 ± 1.7 years, 47.8% female, 73.9% non‐Hispanic White) completed the REE assessment. Average measured REE was 1459.5 ± 267.8 kcal/day, and the Institute of Medicine equations provided the most accurate prediction of REE with a 1.7 ± 11.2% (13.9 ± 170.3 kcal/day) overestimation. This prediction was not statistically different from the measured REE [P‐value = 0.582; 95% confidence interval (CI): −64.5, 36.7], and the difference between the measured and predicted REE was statistically equivalent to zero (P‐value = 0.024; 90% CI: −56.1, 28.3).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the Institute of Medicine equation may be useful in predicting REE in adolescents with DS. Future research should confirm these results in a larger sample and determine the utility of the Institute of Medicine equation for energy intake recommendations during a weight management intervention.
Macro‐Political Structures, Change, and Stasis in Undergraduates' Political Identities in Canada and the United States – A Comparative Historical Analysis
Authors: Grayson J. Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmerican research has found that change in political identification is a possible outcome of a university education, particularly in the liberal arts. By contrast, Canadian survey data collected in 1963, 1967, 2013, and 2017 point to there being no change in political identification on the part of undergraduates in a Canadian university with a liberal arts curriculum. In contrast to the United States, by means of cluster analyses conducted on the results of surveys of the American federal elections of 1964 and 2016, and the Canadian national elections of 1965 and 2015, I show that the political identification of two cohorts of Canadian undergraduates is more likely an artifact of the national multi‐party system in Canada than it is the result of a university education.
Three‐dimensional evaluation of sleep bruxism‐related splint wear using a dental laboratory scanner: A preliminary clinical study
Authors: Iizumi Ai , Tanaka Shinpei , Takaba Masayuki , Miyoshi Keita , Nakazato Yukari , Baba Kazuyoshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe wear depth on the occlusal splint (OS) is reportedly associated with the sleep bruxism (SB) level, as evaluated using portable polysomnography (PSG) recordings. However, the OS is deformed owing to SB forces, possibly preventing the accurate quantification of the wear facets.ObjectivesWe aimed to introduce a newly developed system to quantify the wear facets on the OS using a dental laboratory scanner (D810) and investigate the association between the wear facets, as evaluated with this system, and the SB level.MethodsTen healthy individuals who were diagnosed with SB based on portable PSG recordings participated in this study. They were asked to wear the OS for 2 months. The first day after a 2‐week adaptation period was defined as the reference day, and sequential scanning of the OS surface was performed on days 15, 30, and 45. Changes in the OS surface from the reference day allowed dimensional evaluation of the wear facets in terms of maximum wear depth, wear area, and wear volume. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test whether each of these variables could be predicted by any of the SB‐related variables.ResultsThe total duration of SB episodes per hour of sleep and the maximum muscle activity were significantly associated with the wear area, as measured with our system (adjusted R‐squared was .78, p < .01).ConclusionOur system allows dimensional analysis of the wear facets on the OS surface in association with the SB level.
Spinocerebellar ataxia in the Bouvier des Ardennes breed is caused by a KCNJ10 missense variant
Authors: Stee Kimberley , Van Poucke Mario , Pumarola Martí , Geerinckx Lise , Van Soens Iris , Bhatti Sofie F. M. , Peelman Luc , Cornelis Ine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Belgian Malinois, a KCNJ10 variant causes progressive spinocerebellar degeneration.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe the clinical, diagnostic, pathological and genetic features of spinocerebellar degeneration in the Bouvier des Ardennes breed.AnimalsFive affected Bouvier des Ardennes puppies with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), 8 healthy related dogs, and 63 healthy unrelated Bouvier des Ardennes.MethodsSequential case study.ResultsClinical signs started at 6 weeks of age in 1 puppy with severe signs of cerebellar disease, and at 7 to 10 weeks of age in the 4 remaining puppies with milder signs of spinocerebellar disease. The first puppy displayed severe intention tremors and rapidly progressive generalized hypermetric ataxia, whereas the 4 others developed a milder progressive SCA. Euthanasia after progression to nonambulatory status was performed by 8 weeks of age in the first puppy, and before 11 months of age in the 4 remaining puppies. Histopathology revealed cerebellar spongy degeneration and a focal symmetrical demyelinating myelopathy. All cases were homozygous for KCNJ10 XM_545752.6:c.986T>C(p.(Leu329Pro)), which is pathogenic for SCA with (or without) myokymia, seizures or both (SAMS) and spongy degeneration and cerebellar ataxia (SDCA) 1 in Belgian Malinois dogs. All sampled parents were heterozygous and none of the healthy dogs were homozygous for this recessive variant. This variant has an allele frequency of 15% in the 63 healthy dogs studied.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInherited spinocerebellar degeneration also affects the Bouvier des Ardennes breed and is caused by a KCNJ10 variant. It can present with a spectrum of severity grades, ranging from severe cerebellar to milder spinocerebellar signs.
Cardiovascular abnormalities in dogs with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Cridge Harry , Langlois Daniel K. , Steiner Jörg M. , Sanders Robert A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and clinical importance of cardiac abnormalities in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown.AnimalsTwelve dogs with AP and 60 archived serum samples from dogs with suspected AP.MethodsTwo‐phase study. Phase I: Analysis of archived serum samples from dogs with clinical signs of AP and high Spec cPL concentrations. High sensitivity troponin I (TnIH) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations were measured in achieved serum samples. Phase II: Prospective observational study. Dogs with AP underwent echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and plasma NT‐proBNP concentrations were measured. Previously described disease severity indices were calculated for each dog.ResultsPhase I: 41 of 60 dogs suspected of having AP had abnormally high TnIH concentrations and 13 of 60 had abnormally high serum NT‐proBNP concentrations. Higher TnIH concentrations were observed in dogs with Spec cPL concentration >2000 μg/L as compared to those with concentrations of 1000‐2000 μg/L. Phase II: 11 of 12 dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis had abnormal cTnI concentrations (median: 0.384 ng/mL, range: 0.041‐2.966 ng/mL, RI: ≤0.06 ng/mL) and 7 of 12 dogs had plasma NT‐proBNP concentrations above the reference interval (median: 971 pmol/L, range: 250‐2215 pmol/L, RI: ≤900 pmol/L). Supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats occurred in 3 dogs. Echocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 5 dogs. Cardiovascular variables were not associated with indices of disease severity.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMyocardial injury is common in dogs with AP, but clinical consequences appeared to be uncommon in our small cohort. Cardiac biomarkers should be interpreted with caution in dogs with AP.
If self‐shading is so bad, why is there so much? Short shoots reconcile costs and benefits
Authors: de Haldat du Lys Alexandre , Millan Mathieu , Barczi Jean‐François , Caraglio Yves , Midgley Guy F. , Charles‐Dominique Tristan 
Published: November 2022

Summary
If trees minimize self‐shading, new foliage in shaded parts of the crown should remain minimal. However, many species have abundant foliage on short shoots inside their crown. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that short shoots allow trees to densify their foliage in self‐shaded parts of the crown thanks to reduced costs.
Using 30 woody species in Mediterranean and tropical biomes, we estimated the contribution of short shoots to total plant foliage, calculated their costs relative to long shoots including wood cost and used 3D plant simulations calibrated with field measurements to quantify their light interception, self‐shading and yield.
In species with short shoots, leaves on short shoots account for the majority of leaf area. The reduced cost of short stems enables the production of leaf area with 36% less biomass. Simulations show that although short shoots are more self‐shaded, they benefit the plant because they cost less. Lastly, the morphological properties of short shoots have major implications for whole plant architecture.
Taken together, our results question the validity of only assessing leaf costs to understand leaf economics and call for more integrated observations at the crown scale to understand light capture strategies in woody plants.
Once bitten, twice shy: The overgeneralization trap and epistemic learning after policy failure
Authors: Beach Derek , Smeets Sandrino 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhy do smart policy makers who try to learn from policy failure end up overgeneralizing these lessons when facing new crises? This article focuses on the policy learning that can come in the wake of perceived policy failure, and the consequences that lesson learning has for diagnosing and tackling subsequent crises. We argue, in contrast to much of the existing literature, that failure can result in policy learning when the policy area is highly complex and there are recognized experts that have epistemic authority in the issue. At the same time, lessons tend to become overgeneralized in which policy makers facing a new crisis extrapolate the lessons learned from the past failure with little consideration of whether the circumstances are similar enough to be applicable. Our argument is assessed empirically using a process‐tracing analysis of how the EU responded to the Spanish banking crisis in 2012.Related ArticlesButz, Adam M., Michael P. Fix, and Joshua L. Mitchell. 2015. “Policy Learning and the Diffusion of Stand‐Your‐Ground Laws.” Politics & Policy 43(3): 347–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12116.Considine, Mark. 2012. “Applying Design Theory to Public Policy.” Politics & Policy 40(4): 704–24. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00372.x.Raile, Eric D., Amber N. Raile, Charles T. Salmon, and Lori Ann Post. 2014. “Defining Public Will.” Politics & Policy 42(1): 103–30. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12063.
Women prime ministers and COVID‐19: Within‐case examinations of New Zealand and Iceland
Authors: Tyner Katie , Jalalzai Farida 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs COVID‐19 cases and deaths mounted globally in the spring of 2020, the news media presented a narrative that women heads of government were more successful at handling the pandemic, sparking a scholarly debate. We take an in‐depth look at two of the headline women‐led cases (New Zealand and Iceland) to identify critical junctures and crucial actors in the policy‐making process. Our research questions are as follows: What main factors comprised the executive decision‐making process and approach to COVID‐19 management in New Zealand and Iceland, and to what extent do these factors intersect with prevailing gender stereotypes of feminine leadership? We conducted elite interviews with senior politicians and civil servants in New Zealand and Iceland and found that consensus‐oriented governance, honest and frequent communication with the public, agile and adaptive institutions, deference to scientific advice, collective and decisive action, and policies guided by empathy and humility have proved critical in these cases, and that many of these factors are associated with stereotypically feminine leadership traits.Related ArticlesJalalzai, Farida. 2006. “Women Candidates and the Media: 1992‐2000 Elections.” Politics & Policy 34(3): 606–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00030.x.Malmberg, Fredrik G., and Henrik Serup Christensen. 2021. “Voting Women, Protesting Men: A Multilevel Analysis of Corruption, Gender, and Political Participation.” Politics & Policy 49(1): 126–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12393.Martin, James Richard. 2018. “Consensus Builders? The Influence of Female Cabinet Ministers on the Duration of Parliamentary Governments.” Politics & Policy 46(4): 630–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12266.
Risk preference interactions between individual farmers and small farmer groups: Experimental evidence from rural Ethiopia
Authors: Wong Ho Lun , Kahsay Haftom Bayray 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe understanding of risk preference interactions among poor farmers in developing countries has important policy implications, as many programs that aim to alleviate poverty and address risk constraints are provided on a collective basis. We conduct a randomized field experiment in the drought‐prone parts of Northern Ethiopia and elicit from poor, vulnerable farmers their hypothetical willingness to pay using individual and group lottery games. Analyzing the certainty equivalent ratios (CERs), we find that farmer groups are more risk averse than individual farmers. When the risk of the lottery is high, the group CER is primarily determined by the most‐risk‐averse farmer of the group, and to a lesser extent, by the least. The median farmer contributes to the group CER only when the lottery risk is moderate. After participating in the group elicitation, individual farmers also become as risk averse as the group on average. Specifically, the median and the least‐risk‐averse farmers become significantly more risk averse while the most‐risk‐averse farmer is unaffected. Our results show that policymakers should carefully consider how social interactions in rural communities affect individual and group risk preference and whether social interactions also affect the participation and effectiveness of development programs.
Class and class conflict: An objective‐subjective interactive approach
Authors: Haddon Edward , Wu Cary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClass conflict is one of the biggest sources of social tension. But why do some individuals perceive more class conflict than others? In this article, we consider how subjective self‐placement interacts with objective social class to shape people's perception of class conflict. We argue that the common finding that individuals often misidentify with the incorrect class can have implications on how they perceive class conflict in their society. Analyzing data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP 1999 and 2009), we find that while, overall, perception of class conflict is higher among the working class and lower among salariats, self‐placing lower in the social structure can bring perceptions closer together. Specifically, we show that salariats who deflate their class identities to levels expected of the working class perceive levels of class conflict similar to the working class. This study is among the first to document the disparate effects of the interplay between objective and subjective class on perception of class conflict across countries and over time.
Objectively quantifying facial erythema in rosacea aided by the ImageJ analysis of VISIA red images
Authors: Tao Meng , Li Min , Zhang Yue , Liu Yunyi , Jiang Peiyu , Liu Yixuan , Xu Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFacial erythema, a prominent characteristic of rosacea, causes concern to both the patient and doctor. In clinical practice, commonly used erythema severity subjective assessment tools lack objectivity and are less comprehensive. Even with images taken by the VISIA® system, diffused erythema is difficult to segment and evaluate fully due to the automatic threshold segmentation method. This study aimed to explore a more objective and scientific erythema quantification tool with the aid of the ImageJ software analysis of the red area images taken by the VISIA® system.Materials and methodsPatients with rosacea were enrolled and assessed for the clinical severity of their illness using various stools—the standard grading systems (SGS) for rosacea, investigator's global assessment (IGA), and clinician's erythema assessment (CEA). Facial images in the red area mode of the VISIA® system were further analyzed by the ImageJ for the relative intensity of redness and percentage of erythema area; the correlation with the scores of the subjective grading systems was evaluated.ResultsThis study included 201 patients (195 females and 6 males). The relative intensity of redness was positively correlated to the SGS, IGA, and CEA scores (0.688, 0.725, and 0.718, respectively) (p < 0.001). The percentage of erythema area was positively correlated to the SGS, IGA, and CEA scores (0.615, 0.666, and 0.656, respectively) (p < 0.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated a more objective and precise method of assessing the severity of facial erythema rosacea, which could comprehensively assess the severity by both the area and intensity of facial erythema.
Quantitative evaluation of skin barrier function using water evaporation time related to transepidermal water loss
Authors: Seno Shin‐ichiro , Shimazu Hideaki , Kobayashi Hiroko , Kogure Eiki , Watanabe Atsushi , Isoyama Takashi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransepidermal water loss (TEWL) is often used as an index for skin barrier function. The skin barrier tester, SBT‐100 (Rousette Strategy Inc), measures the TEWL, water evaporation time, and time constant by contacting the skin and diffusing water into the closing measurement chamber. However, the relationship between the TEWL and time constant has not been sufficiently investigated. This study involved analyzing the underlying measurement principle and obtaining data through two experiments.Materials and methodsThe TEWL and time constant were measured using SBT‐100. Experiment 1 produced a simple simulation model for continuous water evaporation from the skin using a moisture‐permeable film. In experiment 2, four skin sites of 43 healthy volunteers were examined from May to September 2018.ResultsIn experiment 1, the TEWL increased and time constant decreased, following an increase in humidity in the external environment. Both parameters demonstrated significant negative correlation (drying: ρ = −0.832, p < 0.001). For the 43 healthy volunteers who participated in experiment 2, their TEWL increased and time constant decreased in summer. For all skin measurement sites, both data demonstrated significant negative correlation (forehead: ρ = −0.909, p < 0.001; back of the left hand: ρ = −0.829, p < 0.001; left lateral elbow: ρ = −0.896, p < 0.001; left lateral malleolus: ρ = −0.865, p < 0.001).ConclusionResults indicated that the time constant is significantly correlated with TEWL. Furthermore, the time constant can be used as a parameter for evaluating skin barrier function.
Loss of heterozygosity leading to incorrect HLA typing for platelet‐transfusion refractory patient
Authors: Horwath Michael , Tvrdik Tatiana , Saxe Debra , Deeb Kristin K. , Roback John D. , Gebel Howard M. , Bray Robert A. , Sullivan Harold Clifford 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundManagement of platelet‐transfusion refractory (PR) patients due to anti‐HLA antibodies includes the provision of HLA‐matched (HLAm) platelets (PLT) or PLTs that are negative for HLA antigens corresponding to the recipient antibodies. Obtaining HLAm PLTs is predicated on accurate HLA antigen typing of the recipient and donor. Here, we present the clinical implications of a case involving loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a patient presented for PR workup.Study Design and MethodsHLA typing was performed by three methods: (1) Real‐time PCR; (2) Sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing test; and (3) Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS). Cytogenomic SNP microarray was utilized to assess LOH.ResultsA 30‐year‐old female with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia was found to be PR secondary to HLA sensitization. A peripheral blood (PB) sample, containing 93% myeloid blast cells, was sent for HLA typing for the provision of HLAm PLTs. HLA typing revealed homozygosity at the HLA‐A locus but was heterozygous at the ‐B and ‐C loci. After chemotherapy, HLA typing on a new PB sample, devoid of blast cells, identified HLA‐A locus heterozygosity, which was subsequently confirmed by real‐time PCR and NGS. Cytogenomic SNP microarray analysis demonstrated LOH of the HLA‐A locus on chromosome 6p in the pretreatment sample but not in the posttreatment sample.ConclusionIn hematologic patients with high tumor burden, HLA homozygosity should be viewed with suspicion for potential LOH. Therefore, HLA testing should be repeated, preferably with a non‐hematological source (e.g., buccal swab) or following successful reduction of the tumor burden.