bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid machine learning classification scheme for speaker identification
Authors: V Karthikeyan , S Suja Priyadharsini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivated by the requirement to prepare for the next generation of “Automatic Spokesperson Recognition” (ASR) system, this paper applied the fused spectral features with hybrid machine learning (ML) strategy to the speech communication field. This strategy involved the combined spectral features such as mel‐frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), spectral kurtosis, spectral skewness, normalized pitch frequency (NPF), and formants. The characterization of suggested classification method could possibly serve in advanced speaker identification scenarios. Special attention was given to hybrid ML scheme capable of finding unknown speakers equipped with speaker id‐detecting classifier technique, known as “Random Forest‐Support Vector Machine” (RF‐SVM). The extracted speaker precise spectral attributes are applied to the hybrid RF‐SVM classifier to identify/verify the particular speaker. This work aims to construct an ensemble decision tree on a bounded area with minimal misclassification error using a hybrid ensemble RF‐SVM strategy. A series of standard, real‐time speaker databases, and noise conditions are functionally tested to validate its performance with other state‐of‐the‐art mechanisms. The proposed fusion method succeeds in the speaker identification task with a high identification rate (97% avg) and lower equal error rate (EER) (<2%), compared with the individual schemes for the recorded experimental dataset. The robustness of the classifier is validated using the standard ELSDSR, TIMIT, and NIST audio datasets. Experiments on ELSDSR, TIMIT, and NIST datasets show that the hybrid classifier produces 98%, 99%, and 94% accuracy, and EERs were 2%, 1%, and 2% respectively. The findings are then compared with well‐known other speaker recognition schemes and found to be superior.
Metabolic cost of flight and aerobic efficiency in the rose chafer, Protaetia cuprea (Cetoniinae)
Authors: Urca Tomer , Levin Eran , Ribak Gal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRose chafer beetles (Protetia cuprea) are pollinators as well as agricultural pests, flying between flowers and trees while foraging for pollen and fruits. Calculating the energy they expend on flying during foraging activity faces the challenge of measuring the metabolic rate (MR) of free‐flying insects in an open space. We overcame this challenge by using the bolus injection of 13C Na‐bicarbonate technique to measure their metabolic energy expenditure while flying in a large flight arena. Concurrently, we tracked the insects with high‐speed cameras to extract their flight trajectory, from which we calculated the mechanical power invested in flying for each flight bout. We found that the chemical (metabolic) energy input converted to mechanical flight energy output at a mean efficiency of 10.4% ± 5.2%, with a trend of increased efficiency in larger conspecifics (efficiency scaled with body mass to the power of 1.4). The transition in the summer from a diet of pollen to that of fruits may affect the energy budget available for foraging. Starved P. cuprea, feeding on apples ad libitum, increased their body mass by an average of 6% in 2 h. According to our calculations, such a meal can power a 630‐m flight (assuming a carbohydrate assimilation efficiency of 90%). Pollen, with a low water and carbohydrate content but rich in proteins and lipids, has a higher caloric content and should assimilate differently when converting food to flight fuel. The high cost of aerial locomotion is inherent to the foraging behavior of rose chafers, explaining their short flight bouts followed by prolonged feeding activity.
Copy number variants calling from WES data through eXome hidden Markov model (XHMM) identifies additional 2.5% pathogenic genomic imbalances smaller than 30 kb undetected by array‐CGH
Authors: Tisserant Emilie , Vitobello Antonio , Callegarin Davide , Verdez Simon , Bruel Ange‐line , Aho Glele Ludwig Serge , Sorlin Arthur , Viora‐Dupont Eleonore , Konyukh Marina , Marle Nathalie , Nambot Sophie , Moutton Sébastien , Racine Caroline , Garde Aurore , Delanne Julian , Tran‐Mau‐Them Frédéric , Philippe Christophe , Kuentz Paul , Poulleau Marlène , Payet Muriel , Poe Charlotte , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence , Mosca‐Boidron Anne‐Laure , Thevenon Julien , Duffourd Yannis , Callier Patrick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt has been estimated that Copy Number Variants (CNVs) account for 10%–20% of patients affected by Developmental Disorder (DD)/Intellectual Disability (ID). Although array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) represents the gold‐standard for the detection of genomic imbalances, common Agilent array‐CGH 4 × 180 kb arrays fail to detect CNVs smaller than 30 kb. Whole Exome sequencing (WES) is becoming the reference application for the detection of gene variants and makes it possible also to infer genomic imbalances at single exon resolution. However, the contribution of small CNVs in DD/ID is still underinvestigated. We made use of the eXome Hidden Markov Model (XHMM) software, a tool utilized by the ExAC consortium, to detect CNVs from whole exome sequencing data, in a cohort of 200 unsolved DD/DI patients after array‐CGH and WES‐based single nucleotide/indel variant analyses. In five out of 200 patients (2.5%), we identified pathogenic CNV(s) smaller than 30 kb, ranging from one to six exons. They included two heterozygous deletions in TCF4 and STXBP1 and three homozygous deletions in PPT1, CLCN2, and PIGN. After reverse phenotyping, all variants were reported as causative. This study shows the interest in applying sequencing‐based CNV detection, from available WES data, to reduce the diagnostic odyssey of additional patients unsolved DD/DI patients and compare the CNV‐detection yield of Agilent array‐CGH 4 × 180kb versus whole exome sequencing.
Ventral hernia repair with a hybrid laparoscopic technique
Authors: Bell‐Allen Nicholas , Swift Kate , Sontag Nis‐Julius , O'Rourke Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVentral hernias are increasingly managed with minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Invasive open surgery is typically used for the repair of large‐sized hernias (>10 cm diameter). The two methods are often considered mutually exclusive. We report a hybrid technique for repair of medium to large‐sized hernias.MethodsData was collected prospectively from 44 hernias repaired using the hybrid technique from 2012 to 2020. Operative data was examined and follow‐up conducted by both clinical and phone review. As for surgical technique, laparoscopic access was established via a 5 mm optical port and two (or more) 5 mm ports were added under vision. Hernia contents were reduced and extraperitoneal fat excised around the defect. Hernias with diameters ranging from 5 to 10 cm were fixed using the hybrid technique. A small incision was made directly over the hernia and polyester mesh was placed intraabdominally before defect closure with a transfascial suture. Pneumoperitoneum was re‐established and mesh fixation achieved using absorbable tacks and/or fixation sutures.ResultsOf the 44 ventral hernias repaired with the hybrid technique, 43 were secondary hernias from incisional defects. Average hernia diameter was 6.6 cm. 86% of patients were discharged within the first 48 h. Four patients (9%) had recurrences during the study period. Minor complications occurred in 8 patients (18%): 3 (7%) had post‐operative wound infection, 3 patients (7%) developed post‐operative seroma. Two patients (5%) had clinically significant wound haematoma.ConclusionLaparoscopic hybrid ventral hernia repair can be safely performed by a combination of laparoscopic and open techniques, offering an alternative method in the management of medium‐sized ventral hernias.
Shared social identity and perceived social support among stroke groups during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Relationship with psychosocial health
Authors: Lamont Ruth A. , Calitri Raff , Mounce Luke T. A. , Hollands Laura , Dean Sarah G. , Code Chris , Sanders Amy , Tarrant Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCommunity‐based peer support groups for stroke survivors are common in the United Kingdom and aim to support rehabilitation. This study of 260 stroke survivors across 118 groups nationally used an online survey format, completed on average 3 months into the pandemic. Analysis of both quantitative and open‐ended responses provided insights into how stroke group members maintained contact during the COVID‐19 pandemic and how the group processes of shared social identity and perceived social support related to psychosocial outcomes (self‐esteem, well‐being and loneliness). Group members adapted to the pandemic early through telephone calls (61.6% of participants) and internet‐based contact (>70% of participants), although also showed a desire for greater contact with their groups. A stronger sense of shared social identity and perceptions of social support from the stroke groups were weakly associated with reductions in loneliness among members, and greater perceived social support was associated with higher self‐esteem. However, having poor health and living alone were more strongly associated with more negative psychosocial outcomes. The discussion considers how barriers to contact during pandemics can be managed, including access and use of online communication, limitations imposed by stroke‐related disability, and how the experience of feeling supported and social identification can be better nurtured within remote contexts.
Letter: predictive role of magnetic resonance elastography in chronic liver disease – still a long way to go
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Angadi Sumaswi 
Published: February 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Higuchi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16745 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16791
Letter: systematic review with meta‐analysis on the impact of functional cure on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B—authors' reply
Authors: Vittal Anusha , Sharma Disha , Hu Alvin , Majeed Nehna A. , Auh Sungyoung , Ghany Marc G. 
Published: February 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Vittal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16659 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16758
Pathologic method for extracting good prognosis group in triple‐negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Eguchi Yuki , Nakai Tokiko , Kojima Motohiro , Wakabayashi Masashi , Sakamoto Naoya , Sakashita Shingo , Miyazaki Saori , Taki Tetsuro , Watanabe Reiko , Watanuki Rurina , Yamauchi Chisako , Iwatani Tsuguo , Mukohara Toru , Onishi Tatsuya , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe area of residual tumor (ART) is a prognostic factor in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for lung, pancreatic, and rectal cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of ART as a method for predicting the prognosis of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients after NAC. We included 143 patients with TNBC treated with NAC. The ART at the maximum cut surface of the residual tumor was measured. We divided the patients into three groups: ART‐0 (ART = 0 mm2), ART‐low (0 mm2 < ART ≤ 136mm2), and ART‐high (ART > 136 mm2), and compared their clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. There were no significant differences in either recurrence‐free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) between ART‐0 and ART‐low; however, the ART‐high group had significantly shorter RFS and OS than the ART‐0 and ART‐low groups. Multivariate analysis showed that ART‐0 and ‐low and ypN(−) were independent favorable prognostic factors for RFS. Groups with both ART‐low and ypN(−) as well as those with ART‐0 and ypN(−) showed significantly longer OS and RFS than the other groups (P < .05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the RFS and OS between the ART‐0 and ypN(−) groups and the ART‐low and ypN(−) groups (P = .249 and P = .554, respectively). We concluded that ART is a candidate histopathological evaluation method for predicting the prognosis of TNBC patients treated with NAC. Furthermore, postoperative chemotherapy could be omitted in patients with ART‐0 and ypN(−) (pathological complete response) and those with ART‐low and ypN(−).
Comparing interview methods with camera trap data to inform occupancy models of hunted mammals in forest habitats
Authors: Brittain Stephanie , Rowcliffe Marcus J. , Kentatchime Fabrice , Tudge Sophie Jane , Kamogne‐Tagne Cedric Thibaut , Milner‐Gulland E.J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFew studies explicitly assess the robustness and practicality of occupancy analysis informed by local inhabitants, compared to estimates from conventional monitoring methods within different contexts. This study evaluates the efficacy and robustness of occupancy models based on camera trap data, and two locally informed methods: seasonal interviews and hunter diaries, for monitoring 13 hunted mammal species in south‐eastern Cameroon. We triangulate estimates of detectability and occupancy to assess the precision and comparability of their estimates for different species, and their cost. Camera trap estimates are comparable with estimates from locally informed methods in 7 of 11 available cases, but produced the lowest detection probabilities for all species in both villages. While camera traps provide robust estimates for abundant species with a high detection probability, locally informed methods can provide estimates of occupancy comparable to camera trap estimates, but at significantly less cost. They are particularly useful where camera trap detection rates (p) are too low to produce robust occupancy model estimates, notably for rare or cryptic species. The methods, survey effort and animals that can be monitored robustly vary between villages. As such, consideration should be given before monitoring commences to ensure that the most effective and informative approach is used.
Surgical complications after living and deceased donor liver transplant: The NSQIP transplant experience
Authors: Amara Dominic , Parekh Justin , Sudan Debra , Elias Nahel , Foley David P. , Conzen Kendra , Grieco Arielle , Braun Hillary J. , Greenstein Stuart , Byrd Claudia , Ko Clifford , Hirose Ryutaro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study used the prospective National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Transplant pilot database to analyze surgical complications after liver transplantation (LT) in LT recipients from 2017to 2019. The primary outcome was surgical complication requiring intervention (Clavien‐Dindo grade II or greater) within 90 days of transplant. Of the 1684 deceased donor and 109 living donor LT cases included from 29 centers, 38% of deceased donor liver recipients and 47% of living donor liver recipients experienced a complication. The most common complications included biliary complications (19% DDLT; 31% LDLT), hemorrhage requiring reoperation (14% DDLT; 9% LDLT), and vascular complications (6% DDLT; 9% LDLT). Management of biliary leaks (35.3% ERCP, 38.0% percutaneous drainage, 26.3% reoperation) and vascular complications (36.2% angioplasty/stenting, 31.2% medication, 29.8% reoperation) was variable. Biliary (aHR 5.14, 95% CI 2.69–9.8, P < .001), hemorrhage (aHR 2.54, 95% CI 1.13–5.7, P = .024) and vascular (aHR 2.88, 95% CI .85–9.7, P = .089) complication status at 30‐days post‐transplant were associated with lower 1‐year patient survival. We conclude that biliary, hemorrhagic and vascular complications continue to be significant sources of morbidity and mortality for LT recipients. Understanding the different risk factors for complications between deceased and living donor liver recipients and standardizing complication management represent avenues for continued improvement.
Phenotypic responses to climate change are significantly dampened in big‐brained birds
Authors: Baldwin Justin W. , Garcia‐Porta Joan , Botero Carlos A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is rapidly altering local environments and threatening biodiversity throughout the world. Although many wildlife responses to this phenomenon appear largely idiosyncratic, a wealth of basic research on this topic is enabling the identification of general patterns across taxa. Here, we expand those efforts by investigating how avian responses to climate change are affected by the ability to cope with ecological variation through behavioural flexibility (as measured by relative brain size). After accounting for the effects of phylogenetic uncertainty and interspecific variation in adaptive potential, we confirm that although climate warming is generally correlated with major body size reductions in North American migrants, these responses are significantly weaker in species with larger relative brain sizes. Our findings suggest that cognition can play an important role in organismal responses to global change by actively buffering individuals from the environmental effects of warming temperatures.
Orthostatic tremor secondary to primary malignant melanoma of the spinal cord: A case report
Authors: Lv Hongbo , Song Chengyuan , Li Wei , Liu Yiming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeOrthostatic tremor and spinal cord melanoma are rare entities and seem unlikely to be associated. Herein, we report a patient diagnosed with orthostatic tremor secondary to primary malignant melanoma of the spinal cord.Case PresentationWe report the case of a 67‐year‐old man who experienced tremor when he was standing, which disappeared when he was sitting or walking. He also reported gait disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. Electromyography revealed a regular and symmetric high‐frequency tremor in the lower extremities. The patient was admitted to a hospital several times and was diagnosed with primary orthostatic tremor and later hydrocephalus; thus, he received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Finally, he showed symptoms of the presence of melanoma in the spinal cord, which was supported by spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging findings. Primary malignant melanoma of the spinal cord was confirmed postoperatively.ConclusionsOrthostatic tremor is a rare entity that can be characterized by specific high‐frequency tremors when the subject is standing. Considering that it remains unknown why this condition appears, some possible associations, such as primary spinal cord melanoma, should be considered. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of these types of patients is required. Our case report may facilitate the understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of this disease.
Psycho‐social perspectives of nonsurgical versus surgical endodontic interventions in persistent endodontic disease
Authors: Khoo Shi Tien , Lopez Violeta , Ode Wataru , Yu Victoria Soo Hoon , Lui Jeen‐Nee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients’ experiences related to dental treatment could influence care‐seeking behaviour and engender personal bias. Although endodontic retreatment and apical surgery are procedures often performed to manage previously treated teeth with persistent disease, there is lack of information regarding psycho‐social perspectives of patients who undergo these treatments. Our aim was to compare experiences of patients who received these two treatment modalities using a qualitative approach.MethodsA purposive sample of patients was taken from our previous study utilizing the Oral Health Impact Profile to compare oral health‐related quality of life of 150 patients who received retreatment and apical surgery. Patients who reported impact and no impact were invited to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs). Eighteen patients from the retreatment group and 15 patients from the surgical group participated in six FGDs. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes.ResultsFour themes emerged: (1) psycho‐social disability associated with dental procedures, (2) physical disability associated with dental problems, (3) reliance on dentist's advice for treatment and (4) self‐management to preserve treated teeth. Patients undergoing endodontic retreatment reported significant time loss from work and were less informed of alternative treatment options. However, they were pleased with the aesthetics of their teeth, especially if new crowns were made. Patients undergoing surgery experienced anxiety related to loss of control during surgery and apprehension on visualizing the wound post‐surgery. They reported more impact on their diet, social interaction and sleep quality and some felt self‐conscious due to post‐treatment gingival recession. Patients in both groups placed great trust in professional advice and expressed a clear desire to maintain their natural dentition. There was low awareness regarding long‐term care and future sequelae of their treated tooth.ConclusionsPatients reported different psycho‐social and physical impacts following endodontic retreatment and apical surgery. Patients undergoing endodontic retreatment were more satisfied with aesthetic outcomes but experienced greater impact related to complexities and length of time taken for treatment. Patients undergoing surgery were better informed of treatment options but experienced greater physical and psycho‐social disability during the recovery phase. Clinicians could consider incorporating findings from this study into the patient–dentist discussion.
Stress hormone signalling inhibits Th1 polarization in a CD4 T‐cell‐intrinsic manner via mTORC1 and the circadian gene PER1
Authors: Capelle Christophe M. , Chen Anna , Zeng Ni , Baron Alexandre , Grzyb Kamil , Arns Thais , Skupin Alexander , Ollert Markus , Hefeng Feng Q. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStress hormones are believed to skew the CD4 T‐cell differentiation towards a Th2 response via a T‐cell‐extrinsic mechanism. Using isolated primary human naïve and memory CD4 T cells, here we show that both adrenergic‐ and glucocorticoid‐mediated stress signalling pathways play a CD4 naïve T‐cell‐intrinsic role in regulating the Th1/Th2 differentiation balance. Both stress hormones reduced the Th1 programme and cytokine production by inhibiting mTORC1 signalling via two parallel mechanisms. Stress hormone signalling inhibited mTORC1 in naïve CD4 T cells (1) by affecting the PI3K/AKT pathway and (2) by regulating the expression of the circadian rhythm gene, period circadian regulator 1 (PER1). Both stress hormones induced the expression of PER1, which inhibited mTORC1 signalling, thus reducing Th1 differentiation. This previously unrecognized cell‐autonomous mechanism connects stress hormone signalling with CD4 T‐cell differentiation via mTORC1 and a specific circadian clock gene, namely PER1.