bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between wasting and feeding practices consumption during 24 hours recall in young children aged 6-23 months in Cambodia: Analysis of Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014
Authors: Um Samnang , Luon Mom , An Yom , Tol Bunkea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWorld Health Organization (WHO), defines wasting as a child’s weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) below minus 2 SD of the Child’s Growth Standards. In Cambodia, the prevalence of wasting among children under five years old increased from 8% in 2005 to 10% in 2014. The WHO divided food into seven categories, including staple foods, legumes, milk, meat, eggs, fruits, and vegetables. It was advised to consume at least four of these categories daily. According to data from the 2014 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS), 48% of kids between the ages of six and 23 months consumed at least four food groups. We aimed to identify the association between feeding practices consumption and wasting in Cambodian children aged 6-23 months.METHODSWe used existing children’s data from CDHS 2014, two-stage stratified cluster sampling approach to select samples. Data analysis was done by using STATA V16 Survey weights were applied to account for the complex survey design of the CDHS. Descriptive statistics were estimated for key children characteristics, maternal, and household characteristics, geographical regions, and feeding practice consumption. We ran bivariate and multiple logistic regressions to assess the association between wasting and feeding practices consumption in children aged 6-23 months.RESULTSA total of 1,415 children aged 6–23 months were eligible for the study. This study did not find an association between wasting and feeding practices consumption. In contrast, children aged 9–11 months had 2.3 times of wasting [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.0–5.0] compared to children aged 6–8 months. When compared to mothers aged 15–19 years, children born from mothers aged 20–34 years and 35–49 years were protected from 60% of wasting [AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2–0.6] and [AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1–0.7], respectively. When compared to children from better-off households, children from the poorest and poorer wealthiest households wasted twice as much time [AOR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.5].CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that feeding practices consumption is not significantly associated with wasting in young children aged 6–23 months in Cambodia. It was found in other studies. Children aged 9–11 months and children from the poorest households were the main predictors of child mortality. However, mothers aged 20–49 years old had decreased odds of wasting. Therefore, it is recommended that interventions and policymakers prioritize promoting diverse food consumption among children in Cambodia. Furthermore, interventions to reduce wasting among children aged 6 to 11 months, children from the lowest household quintile, and children of young mothers should be prioritized.
Tuft cells mediate commensal remodeling of the small intestinal antimicrobial landscape
Authors: Fung Connie , Fraser Lisa M. , Barrón Gabriel M. , Gologorsky Matthew B. , Atkinson Samantha N. , Gerrick Elias R. , Hayward Michael , Ziegelbauer Jennifer , Li Jessica A. , Nico Katherine F. , Tyner Miles D.W. , DeSchepper Leila B. , Pan Amy , Salzman Nita H. , Howitt Michael R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuccinate produced by the commensal protistTritrichomonas musculis(T. mu) stimulates chemosensory tuft cells, resulting in intestinal type 2 immunity. Tuft cells express the succinate receptor SUCNR1, yet this receptor does not mediate anti-helminth immunity nor alter protist colonization. Here, we report that microbial-derived succinate increases Paneth cell numbers and profoundly alters the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) landscape in the small intestine. Succinate was sufficient to drive this epithelial remodeling, but not in mice lacking tuft cell chemosensory components required to detect this metabolite. Tuft cells respond to succinate by stimulating type 2 immunity, leading to interleukin-13-mediated epithelial and AMP expression changes. Moreover, type 2 immunity decreases the total number of mucosa-associated bacteria and alters the small intestinal microbiota composition. These findings demonstrate that a single metabolite produced by commensals, likeT. mu, can markedly shift the intestinal AMP profile and suggest that tuft cells utilize SUCNR1 to modulate bacterial homeostasis.
Nature over Nurture: Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity
Authors: Barabási Dániel L. , Schuhknecht Gregor F. P. , Engert Florian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring development, the complex neuronal circuitry of the brain arises from limited information contained in the genome. After the genetic code instructs the birth of neurons, the emergence of brain regions, and the formation of axon tracts, it is believed that neuronal activity plays a critical role in shaping circuits for behavior. Current AI technologies are modeled after the same principle: connections in an initial weight matrix are pruned and strengthened by activity-dependent signals until the network can sufficiently generalize a set of inputs into outputs. Here, we challenge these learning-dominated assumptions by quantifying the contribution of neuronal activity to the development of visually guided swimming behavior in larval zebrafish. Intriguingly, dark-rearing zebrafish revealed that visual experience has no effect on the emergence of the optomotor response (OMR). We then raised animals under conditions where neuronal activity was pharmacologically silenced from organogenesis onward using the sodium-channel blocker tricaine. Strikingly, after washout of the anesthetic, animals performed swim bouts and responded to visual stimuli with 75% accuracy in the OMR paradigm. After shorter periods of silenced activity OMR performance stayed above 90% accuracy, calling into question the importance and impact of classical critical periods for visual development. Detailed quantification of the emergence of functional circuit properties by brain-wide imaging experiments confirmed that neuronal circuits came ‘online’ fully tuned and without the requirement for activity-dependent plasticity. Thus, we find that complex sensory guided behaviors can be wired up by activity-independent developmental mechanisms.
Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce temporal changes in phytohormones
Authors: Cao Da , Barbier Francois , Dun Elizabeth A. , Fichtner Franziska , Dong Lili , Kerr Stephanie C. , Beveridge Christine A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe inhibition of shoot branching by the growing shoot tip of plants, termed apical dominance, was originally thought to be mediated by auxin. Recently the importance of the shoot tip sink strength during apical dominance has re-emerged with recent studies highlighting roles for sugars in promoting branching. This raises many unanswered questions on the relative roles of auxin and sugars in apical dominance. Here we show that auxin regulation of cytokinins, which promote branching, is significant only after an initial stage of branching we call bud release. During this early bud release stage, rapid cytokinin increases are associated with enhanced sugars. Auxin may also act through strigolactones which have been shown to suppress branching after decapitation, but here we show that strigolactones do not have a significant effect on initial bud outgrowth after decapitation. We report here that when sucrose or cytokinin is abundant, strigolactones are less inhibitory during the bud release stage compared to later stages and that strigolactone treatment rapidly inhibits cytokinin accumulation in pea axillary buds of intact plants. After initial bud release, we find an important role of gibberellin in promoting sustained bud growth downstream of auxin. We are therefore able to suggest a model of apical dominance that integrates auxin, sucrose, strigolactones, cytokinins and gibberellins and describes differences in signalling across stages of bud release to sustained growth.
Recognition of Galactose by a Scaffold Protein Recruits a Transcriptional Activator for theGALRegulon Induction inCandida albicans
Authors: Sun Xun , Yu Jing , Zhu Cheng , Sun Qiangqiang , Yang Dandan , Su Chang , Lu Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTheGALpathway of yeasts has long served as a model system for understanding of how regulatory mode of eukaryotic metabolic pathways evolves. While Gal4 mode has been well-characterized in Saccharomycetaceae clade, little is known about the regulation of theGALpathway in other yeasts. Here, we find that Rep1, a Ndt80-like family transcription factor, serves as a galactose sensor in the commensal-pathogenic fungusCandida albicans. It is presented at theGALgene promoters independent of the presence of galactose. Rep1 recognizes galactose via a direct physical interaction. The net result of this interaction is the recruitment of a transcriptional activator Cga1 (Candida galactose gene activator, orf19.4959) and transcription of theGALgenes proceeds. Rep1 and Cga1 are conserved across the CTG species. Rep1 itself does not possess transcriptional activity. Instead, it provides a scaffold to recruit different factors for transcriptional regulation. Rep1-Cga1 mode of regulation represents a new example of network rewiring in fungi, which provides insight into howC. albicansevolves transcriptional programs to colonize diverse host niches.
Social memory in female mice is rapidly modulated by 17β-estradiol through ERK and Akt modulation of synapse formation
Authors: Sheppard Paul A. S. , Chandramohan Deepthi , Lumsden Alanna , Vellone Daniella , Denley Matthew C. S. , Srivastava Deepak P. , Choleris Elena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial memory is essential to the functioning of a social animal within a group. Estrogens can affect social memory too quickly for classical genomic mechanisms. Previously, 17β-estradiol (E2) rapidly facilitated short-term social memory and increased nascent synapse formation, these synapses being potentiated following neuronal activity. However, what mechanisms underlie and co-ordinate the rapid facilitation of social memory and synaptogenesis are unclear. Here, the necessity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling for rapid facilitation of short-term social memory and synaptogenesis was tested.MethodsMice performed a short-term social memory task or were used as task-naïve controls. ERK and PI3K pathway inhibitors were infused intra-dorsal hippocampally 5 minutes before E2 infusion. Forty minutes following intrahippocampal E2 or vehicle administration, tissues were collected for quantification of glutamatergic synapse number in the CA1.ResultsDorsal hippocampal E2 rapid facilitation of short-term social memory depended upon ERK and PI3K pathways. E2 increased glutamatergic synapse number (GluA1/bassoon colocalization) in task-performing mice but decreased synapse number in task-naïve mice. Critically, ERK signaling was required for synapse formation/elimination in task-performing and task-naïve mice, whereas PI3K inhibition blocked synapse formation only in task-performing mice.ConclusionsWhilst ERK and PI3K are both required for E2 facilitation of short-term social memory and synapse formation, only ERK is required for synapse elimination. This demonstrates previously unknown, bidirectional, rapid actions of E2 on brain and behaviour and underscores the importance of estrogen signaling in the brain to social behaviour.
Semaphorin 4D induced inhibitory synaptogenesis restores benzodiazepine sensitivity in a mouse model of Status Epilepticus
Authors: Adel Susannah S. , Evans-Strong Aidan , Clarke Vernon R.J. , Maguire Jamie , Paradis Suzanne 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTPreviously we demonstrated that intra-hippocampal infusion of purified, Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) extracellular domain into the mouse hippocampus rapidly promotes formation of GABAergic synapses and decreases seizure susceptibility in mice. Given the relatively fast action of Sema4D treatment revealed by these studies, we sought to determine the time course of Sema4D treatment on hippocampal network activity using an acute hippocampal slice preparation. We performed long-term extracellular recordings from area CA1 encompassing a 2 hour application of Sema4D and found that hippocampal excitation is suppressed hours following treatment. We also asked if Sema4D treatment could ameliorate seizures in an acute seizure model: the kainic acid (KA) mouse model of Status Epilepticus (SE). We demonstrate that Sema4D treatment suppresses seizures and lessens benzodiazepine (BZD) insensitivity which is a hallmark of refractory SE. Lastly, we sought to explore alternative methods of Sema4D delivery to hippocampus and thus created an Adeno Associated Virus expressing the extracellular domain of Sema4D. Our data reveal that virally delivered, chronically overexpressed Sema4D extracellular domain promotes GABAergic synapse formation and suppresses seizure activity similar to the actions of purified Sema4D protein. These results provide proof of concept that Sema4D-mediated GABAergic synapse development could combat BZD insensitivity in intractable forms of epilepsy, and that viral delivery of Sema4D is an efficacious and promising delivery method.
Sex-biasing influence of autism-associatedUbe3agene overdosage at connectomic, behavioral and transcriptomic levels
Authors: Montani Caterina , Pagani Marco , De Guzman Elizabeth , Balasco Luigi , Alvino Filomena Grazia , de Felice Alessia , Galbusera Alberto , Nickl-Jockschat Thomas K. , Lau Pierre , Borsotti Noemi , Mattioni Lorenzo , Pasqualetti Massimo , Provenzano Giovanni , Bozzi Yuri , Lombardo Michael V. , Gozzi Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism, affect males more than females. Genomic mechanisms enhancing risk in males may contribute to this sex-bias. The ubiquitin protein ligase E3A gene (Ube3a) exerts pleiotropic effects on cellular homeostasis via control of protein turnover and by acting as transcriptional coactivator with steroid hormone receptors. Overdosage ofUbe3avia duplication or triplication of chromosomal region 15q11-13 causes 1-2% of autistic cases. Here, we test the hypothesis that increased dosage ofUbe3amay influence autism-relevant phenotypes in a sex-biased manner. We report robust sex-biasing effects on brain connectomics and repetitive behaviors in mice with extra copies of Ube3a. These effects were associated with a profound transcriptional dysregulation of several known autism-associated genes (e.g., FMR1, SCN2A, PTEN, MEF2C, SHANK3, TSC2) as well as differentially-expressed genes identified in human 15q duplication and in autistic patients. Notably, increased Ube3a dosage also affects multiple sex-relevant mechanisms, including genes on the X chromosome, genes influenced by sex steroid hormones, downstream targets of the androgen and estrogen receptors, or genes that are sex-differentially regulated by transcription factors. These results suggest thatUbe3aoverdosage can critically contribute to sex-bias in neurodevelopmental conditions via influence on sex-differential mechanisms.
The study of impact factors on timber trade between Ghana and China
Authors: Kombat Gordon Pasiba , Chen Xiaoqian 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTimber export is an important economic development pillar in Ghana, which has a direct effect on Ghana’s domestic forestry industry development, local communities’ income and sustainable forest management and deforestation. China, as the Ghana’s largest timber export destination, brought significant impacts on Ghana’s timber export. However, there is a lack of quantitative analyses on impact factors of timber trade between the two countries in the past, which this paper sought to do.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first collected Ghana’s timber exports to China from 1997 to 2017, and then based on the literature review and trade theories, the authors set up a least squares estimate (LSE)-based multiple linear regression (MLR) model to analyse the specific impact factors. In addition, multi-collinearity, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity issues of the impact factors were checked to guarantee the accuracy of the results.FindingsThe results showed China timber import volume, Ghana cedi (GHC)/US$ exchange rate, Ghana’s gross domestic product (GDP) and China timber consumption volume in construction sector had positive impacts; Ghana timber production volume and Ghana average timber export price had negative impacts. The results confirmed that China’s timber consumption had a positive linkage with Ghana’s timber export. The article also reviewed possible impacts caused by change in timber trade policies, which proved important but was hardly directly quantified. The authors pointed out the importance of optimizing these impact factors to make sure Ghana’s timber export to China went on the sustainable track.Originality/valueThere is no literature about timber trade and its impact factors between Ghana and China, which used econometric models. This paper provided new perspectives on the impact factors in timber trade between the two countries.
Evaluation of safe-to-fail flood solution alternatives and integration of safe-to-fail concept in AEC education to develop resilient coastal cities
Authors: Rahat Rubaya , Pradhananga Piyush , ElZomor Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Safe-to-fail (SF) is an emerging resilient design approach that has the potential to minimize the severity of flood damages. The purpose of this study is to explore the SF design strategies to reduce flood disaster damages in US coastal cities. Therefore, this study addresses two research questions: identifying the most suitable SF criteria and flood solution alternatives for coastal cities from industry professionals’ perspective; and investigating the controlling factors that influence the AEC students’ interest to learn about SF concepts through the curricula.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used the analytical hierarchy process to evaluate the SF criteria and flood solutions where data were collected through surveying 29 Department of Transportation professionals from different states. In addition, the study adopted a quantitative methodology by surveying 55 versed participants who reside in a coastal area and have coastal flood experiences. The data analysis included ordinal probit regression and descriptive analysis.

Findings
The results suggest that robustness is the highest weighted criterion for implementing SF design in coastal cities. The results demonstrated that ecosystem restoration is the highest-ranked SF flood solution followed by green infrastructure. Moreover, the results highlighted that age, duration spent in the program and prior knowledge of SF are significantly related to AEC students’ interest to learn this concept.

Originality/value
SF design anticipates failures while designing infrastructures thus minimizing failure consequences due to flood disasters. The findings can facilitate the implementation of the SF design concept during the construction of new infrastructures in coastal cities as well as educate the future workforces to contribute to developing resilient built environments.
Developing positive self-leadership through “Inner Engineering”
Authors: Chang Tracy F. H. , Baelen Rebecca N. , Ramburn Triya Tessa , Purandare Pradeep 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe study evaluated the effect of a comprehensive yogic methodology called “Inner Engineering Online” (IEO) on developing positive self-leadership. The authors hypothesized that IEO would equip participants with knowledge and skills to optimize their functioning in major experiential dimensions of the self (body, mind, emotion, and energy) and produce a synergistic effect in enhancing well-being and positive organizational behavior for employees, leaders, and entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a field quasi-experimental one group design with pre- and post-tests. The sample consists of 97 employees, 84 leaders and 76 entrepreneurs in various industries (N = 264).FindingsThe pairwise t-test results show that IEO has a positive effect on well-being (mindfulness, joy, vitality, and restfulness) and positive organizational behavior (meaningful work, psychological capital, and work engagement).Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by the lack of a control group. Future research may use a randomized control design to confirm the present findings and explore the mechanisms through which IEO exercises its effect and other positive outcomes.Practical implicationsIEO complements the behavioral and cognitive strategies of self-leadership by including emotional and energetic strategies to produce a synergistic effect on positive outcomes. The program is multi-lingual and scalable and can be implemented in and outside of the organizational settings globally.Originality/valueThe study proposes the concept of positive self-leadership and is the first study to investigate the potentiality of an emerging program for developing positive self-leadership.
Review of quality issues and mitigation strategies for metal powder bed fusion
Authors: Ravalji Jaydeepsinh M. , Raval Shruti J. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeSelective laser melting and electron beam melting processes are well-known for the additive manufacturing of metal parts. Metal powder bed fusion (MPBF) is a common term for them. The MPBF process can empower the manufacturing of intricate shapes by reducing the use of special tools, shortening the supply chain and allowing small batches. However, the MPBF process suffers from many quality issues. In literature, several works are recorded for qualification of the MPBF part. The purpose of this study is to recollect those works done for quality control and report their helpful findings for further research and development.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted to highlight the major quality issues in the MPBF process and its root causes. Further, the works reported in the literature for mitigation of these issues are classified and discussed in five categories: experimental investigation, finite element method-based numerical models, physics-based analytical models, in-situ control using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods and statistical approaches. A comparison is also prepared among these strategies based on their suitability and limitations. Additionally, improvements in MPBF printers are pointed out to enhance the part quality.FindingsAnalytical models require less computational time to simulate the MPBF process and need a smaller number of experiments to confirm the results. They can be used as an efficient process parameter planning tool to print metal parts for noncritical applications. The AI-ML based quality control is also suitable for MPBF processes as it can control many processing parameters that may affect the quality of the MPBF part. Moreover, capabilities of MPBF printers like thinner layer thickness, smaller beam diameter, multiple lasers and high build temperature range can help in quality control.Research limitations/implicationsThis study converts the piecemeal data on MPBF part qualification methods into interesting information and presents it in tabular form under each strategy. This tabular information provides the basis for further quality improvement efforts in the MPBF process.Originality/valueThis study references researchers and practitioners on recent quality control efforts and their significant findings for a better quality of MPBF part.