bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Linear Template Fit
Authors: Britzger Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe estimation of parameters from data is a common problem in many areas of the physical sciences, and frequently used algorithms rely on sets of simulated data which are fit to data. In this article, an analytic solution for simulation-based parameter estimation problems is presented. The matrix formalism, termed theLinear Template Fit, calculates the best estimators for the parameters of interest. It combines a linear regression with the method of least squares. The algorithm uses only predictions calculated for a few values of the parameters of interest, which have been made available prior to its execution. The Linear Template Fit is particularly suited for performance-critical applications and parameter estimation problems with computationally intense simulations, which are otherwise often limited in their usability for statistical inference. Equations for error propagation are discussed in detail and are given in closed analytic form. For the solution of problems with a nonlinear dependence on the parameters of interest, theQuadratic Template Fitis introduced. As an example application, a determination of the strong coupling constant from inclusive jet cross section data at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is studied and compared with previously published results.
Middle Risle River Critical Zone Observatory: monitoring karst-process evolution and its impact on surface water and on aquatic ecosystems
Authors: David Pierre-Yann , Pennequin Didier , Charlier Jean-Baptiste , Ladouche Bernard , Meire Baptiste , Feeny-Fereol Véronique , Helouin Stephane , Fournier Matthieu , Riviere Camille , Sanson Germain 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rivers in karstic environments are known to be greatly influenced by surface water–groundwater interactions, with significant localized inflows during floods from springs, or with losses that can dry up rivers. The Middle Risle River is frequently affected by the development of sinkholes in a chalk karst area (Normandy, France). In the 2010s, two new major sinkholes in the riverbed caused a complete loss of water into the underlying phreatic aquifer, causing the river to dry up over several kilometres. The resulting changes in hydrogeological processes and surface water–groundwater interaction greatly affected water quality, water use and water-dependent ecosystems, causing a political crisis in this river-dependent touristic valley. To understand these phenomena and improve crisis management, the Middle Risle Critical Zone Observatory was set up to enhance monitoring, surveying and/or modelling of groundwater and river levels, river and spring flow, water temperature and conductivity, and ecosystem characteristics (fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation). The results showed notable impacts on fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation, some plants proving to be reliable indicators of surface-water–groundwater interaction. The dynamics of local hydrogeological processes were assessed and linked to the measured effects on ecosystems and water supply. Inverse modelling based on an analytical solution of the diffusive wave equation assessed lateral flow during floods, quantifying the spatial–temporal variability of surface-water and groundwater exchanges. It also highlighted the important role of karst zones in both storage and flood-peak attenuation processes, thereby protecting downstream villages against floods.
Design of UWB Wearable Conformal Antenna Based on Jean Material
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Dan , Liu Lu , Wang Lihua , Lin Yumeng 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a wearable ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna is designed to meet the demand for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). This is a wearable textile antenna, which was formed on a jeans fabric substrate to reduce surface-wave losses. The single-fed circular strip monopole antenna provides good impedance matching over the entire UWB frequency range of 2.9∼10.6 GHz. The dielectric constant

ε

r

= 2.2, and the loss tangent

tan

δ

= 0.04 of the jean substrates are measured by using the coaxial ring method. The proposed antenna consists of an improved circular radiation patch with the defective ground structure to expand the frequency band of the antenna and improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna with small dimensions of

20
×
30
×
1.4

mm

3

. In addition, structural deformation of the proposed antenna is performed to analyze the flexibility of the proposed antenna. The simulated SAR values follow the FCC limit, making it most suitable for wearable applications.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mongolia Delineates Unique Molecular Traits and a Mutational Signature Associated with Environmental Agents
Authors: Torrens Laura , Puigvehí Marc , Torres-Martín Miguel , Wang Huan , Maeda Miho , Haber Philipp K. , Leonel Thais , García-López Mireia , Esteban-Fabró Roger , Leow Wei Qiang , Montironi Carla , Torrecilla Sara , Varadarajan Ajay Ramakrishnan , Taik Patricia , Campreciós Genís , Enkhbold Chinbold , Taivanbaatar Erdenebileg , Yerbolat Amankyeldi , Villanueva Augusto , Pérez-del-Pulgar Sofía , Thung Swan , Chinburen Jigjidsuren , Letouzé Eric , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Uzilov Andrew , Neely Jaclyn , Forns Xavier , Roayaie Sasan , Sia Daniela , Llovet Josep M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Mongolia has the world's highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with ∼100 cases/100,000 inhabitants, although the reasons for this have not been thoroughly delineated.

Experimental Design:
We performed a molecular characterization of Mongolian (n = 192) compared with Western (n = 187) HCCs by RNA sequencing and whole-exome sequencing to unveil distinct genomic and transcriptomic features associated with environmental factors in this population.

Results:
Mongolian patients were younger, with higher female prevalence, and with predominantly HBV–HDV coinfection etiology. Mongolian HCCs presented significantly higher rates of protein-coding mutations (121 vs. 70 mutations per tumor in Western), and in specific driver HCC genes (i.e., APOB and TSC2). Four mutational signatures characterized Mongolian samples, one of which was novel (SBS Mongolia) and present in 25% of Mongolian HCC cases. This signature showed a distinct substitution profile with a high proportion of T&gt;G substitutions and was significantly associated with a signature of exposure to the environmental agent dimethyl sulfate (71%), a 2A carcinogenic associated with coal combustion. Transcriptomic-based analysis delineated three molecular clusters, two not present in Western HCC; one with a highly inflamed profile and the other significantly associated with younger female patients.

Conclusions:
Mongolian HCC has unique molecular traits with a high mutational burden and a novel mutational signature associated with genotoxic environmental factors present in this country.
Early Postoperative Treatment versus Initial Observation in CNS WHO Grade 2 and 3 Oligodendroglioma: Clinical Outcomes and DNA Methylation Patterns
Authors: Mair Maximilian J. , Leibetseder Annette , Heller Gerwin , Puhr Rainer , Tomasich Erwin , Goldberger Sebastian , Hatziioannou Teresa , Wöhrer Adelheid , Widhalm Georg , Dieckmann Karin , Aichholzer Martin , Weis Serge , von Oertzen Tim , Furtner Julia , Pichler Josef , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The treatment of oligodendroglioma consists of tumor resection and radiochemotherapy. The timing of radiochemotherapy remains unclear, and predictive biomarkers are limited.

Experimental Design:
Adult patients diagnosed with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated, 1p/19q-codeleted CNS WHO grade 2 and 3 oligodendroglioma at the Medical University of Vienna and the Kepler University Hospital Linz (Austria) in 1992 to 2019 were included. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between early postoperative treatment and initial observation were compared using propensity score–weighted Cox regression models. DNA methylation analysis of tumor tissue was performed using Illumina MethylationEPIC 850k microarrays.

Results:
One hundred thirty-one out of 201 (65.2%) patients with CNS WHO grade 2 and 70 of 201 (34.8%) with grade 3 oligodendroglioma were identified. Eighty-three of 201 (41.3%) patients underwent early postoperative treatment, of whom 56 of 83 (67.5%) received radiochemotherapy, 15 of 84 (18.1%) radiotherapy (RT) only and 12 of 83 (14.5%) chemotherapy only. Temozolomide-based treatment was administered to 64 of 68 (94.1%) patients, whereas RT + procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV) were applied in 2 of 69 (3.5%) patients. Early treatment was not associated with PFS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% CI, 0.33–1.65, P = 0.459] or OS (adjusted HR: 2.07; 95% CI, 0.52–8.21, P = 0.302) improvement. Unsupervised clustering analysis of DNA methylation profiles from patients receiving early treatment revealed two methylation clusters correlating with PFS, whereas no association of clustering with O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, CNS WHO grade, extent of resection, and treating center could be observed.

Conclusions:
In this retrospective study, early postoperative treatment was not associated with improved PFS/OS in oligodendroglioma. The potentially predictive value of whole-genome methylation profiling should be validated in prospective trials.
Functional Testing to Characterize and Stratify PI3K Inhibitor Responses in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Yin Yanping , Athanasiadis Paschalis , Karlsen Linda , Urban Aleksandra , Xu Haifeng , Murali Ishwarya , Fernandes Stacey M. , Arribas Alberto J. , Hilli Abdul K. , Taskén Kjetil , Bertoni Francesco , Mato Anthony R. , Normant Emmanuel , Brown Jennifer R. , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Aittokallio Tero , Skånland Sigrid S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose:PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) are approved for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although patients may show an initial response to these therapies, development of treatment intolerance or resistance remain clinical challenges. To overcome these, prediction of individual treatment responses based on actionable biomarkers is needed. Here, we characterized the activity and cellular effects of 10 PI3Ki and investigated whether functional analyses can identify treatment vulnerabilities in PI3Ki-refractory/intolerant CLL and stratify responders to PI3Ki.Experimental Design:Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (n = 51 in total) from treatment-naïve and PI3Ki-treated patients with CLL were studied. Cells were profiled against 10 PI3Ki and the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax. Cell signaling and immune phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell viability was monitored by detection of cleaved caspase-3 and the CellTiter-Glo assay.Results:pan-PI3Kis were most effective at inhibiting PI3K signaling and cell viability, and showed activity in CLL cells from both treatment-naïve and idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients. CLL cells from idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients showed overall reduced protein phosphorylation levels. The pan-PI3Ki copanlisib, but not the p110δ inhibitor idelalisib, inhibited PI3K signaling in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in addition to CD19+ B cells, but did not significantly affect T-cell numbers. Combination treatment with a PI3Ki and venetoclax resulted in synergistic induction of apoptosis. Analysis of drug sensitivities to 73 drug combinations and profiling of 31 proteins stratified responders to idelalisib and umbralisib, respectively.Conclusions:Our findings suggest novel treatment vulnerabilities in idelalisib-refractory/intolerant CLL, and indicate that ex vivo functional profiling may stratify PI3Ki responders.
Predictive Utility of a Validated Polygenic Risk Score for Long-Term Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Khan Sadiya S. , Page Courtney , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Schwartz Yosef Y. , Greenland Philip , Pencina Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Understanding the predictive utility of previously derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its additive value beyond traditional risk factors can inform prevention strategies.

Methods:
Data from adults 20 to 59 years of age who were free of CHD from the FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) and the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study were analyzed. Because the PRS was derived from samples of predominantly European ancestry, individuals who self-reported White race were included. The sample was stratified by age and cohort: young (FOS, 20–39 years [median, 30 years] of age), early midlife (FOS, 40–59 years [median, 43] years of age), and late midlife (ARIC, 45–59 years [median, 52 years] of age). Two previously derived and validated prediction tools were applied: (1) a 30-year traditional risk factor score and (2) a genome-wide PRS comprising >6 million genetic variants. Hazard ratios for the association between each risk estimate and incident CHD were calculated. Predicted and observed rates of CHD were compared to assess discrimination for each model individually and together with the optimism-corrected C index (95% CI).

Results:
Among 9757 participants, both the traditional risk factor score (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 2.60 [95% CI, 2.08–3.27], 2.09 [95% CI, 1.83–2.40], and 2.11 [95% CI, 1.96–2.28]) and the PRS (hazard ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.70–2.30], 1.64 [95% CI, 1.47–1.84], and 1.22 [95% CI, 1.15–1.30]) were significantly associated with incident CHD in young, early midlife, and late midlife, respectively. Discrimination was similar or better for the traditional risk factor score (C index, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.70–0.78], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.67–0.72], and 0.72 [95% CI, 0.70–0.73]) compared with an age- and sex-adjusted PRS (0.73 [95% CI, 0.69–0.78], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.62–0.69], and 0.66 [95% CI, 0.64–0.67]) in young, early-midlife, and late-midlife participants, respectively. The ΔC index when PRS was added to the traditional risk factor score was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.001–0.05), 0.02 (95% CI, −0.002 to 0.037), and 0.002 (95% CI, −0.002 to 0.006) in young, early-midlife, and late-midlife participants, respectively.

Conclusions:
Despite a statistically significant association between PRS and 30-year risk of CHD, the C statistic improved only marginally with the addition of PRS to the traditional risk factor model among young adults and did not improve among midlife adults. PRS, an immutable factor that cannot be directly intervened on, has minimal clinical utility for long-term CHD prediction when added to a traditional risk factor model.
Risk of Myocarditis After Sequential Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age and Sex
Authors: Patone Martina , Mei Xue W. , Handunnetthi Lahiru , Dixon Sharon , Zaccardi Francesco , Shankar-Hari Manu , Watkinson Peter , Khunti Kamlesh , Harnden Anthony , Coupland Carol A.C. , Channon Keith M. , Mills Nicholas L. , Sheikh Aziz , Hippisley-Cox Julia 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Myocarditis is more common after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection than after COVID-19 vaccination, but the risks in younger people and after sequential vaccine doses are less certain.

Methods:
A self-controlled case series study of people ages 13 years or older vaccinated for COVID-19 in England between December 1, 2020, and December 15, 2021, evaluated the association between vaccination and myocarditis, stratified by age and sex. The incidence rate ratio and excess number of hospital admissions or deaths from myocarditis per million people were estimated for the 1 to 28 days after sequential doses of adenovirus (ChAdOx1) or mRNA-based (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273) vaccines, or after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.

Results:
In 42 842 345 people receiving at least 1 dose of vaccine, 21 242 629 received 3 doses, and 5 934 153 had SARS-CoV-2 infection before or after vaccination. Myocarditis occurred in 2861 (0.007%) people, with 617 events 1 to 28 days after vaccination. Risk of myocarditis was increased in the 1 to 28 days after a first dose of ChAdOx1 (incidence rate ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.09–1.62]) and a first, second, and booster dose of BNT162b2 (1.52 [95% CI, 1.24–1.85]; 1.57 [95% CI, 1.28–1.92], and 1.72 [95% CI, 1.33–2.22], respectively) but was lower than the risks after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test before or after vaccination (11.14 [95% CI, 8.64–14.36] and 5.97 [95% CI, 4.54–7.87], respectively). The risk of myocarditis was higher 1 to 28 days after a second dose of mRNA-1273 (11.76 [95% CI, 7.25–19.08]) and persisted after a booster dose (2.64 [95% CI, 1.25–5.58]). Associations were stronger in men younger than 40 years for all vaccines. In men younger than 40 years old, the number of excess myocarditis events per million people was higher after a second dose of mRNA-1273 than after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (97 [95% CI, 91–99] versus 16 [95% CI, 12–18]). In women younger than 40 years, the number of excess events per million was similar after a second dose of mRNA-1273 and a positive test (7 [95% CI, 1–9] versus 8 [95% CI, 6–8]).

Conclusions:
Overall, the risk of myocarditis is greater after SARS-CoV-2 infection than after COVID-19 vaccination and remains modest after sequential doses including a booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. However, the risk of myocarditis after vaccination is higher in younger men, particularly after a second dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine.
What Everyone Says: Public Perceptions of the Humanities in the
Media
Authors: Liu Alan , Droge Abigail , Kleinman Scott , Thomas Lindsay , Baciu Dan C. , Douglass Jeremy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using computational means to understand patterns in how the humanities are mentioned in U.S. journalism, the WhatEvery1Says project brings into focus challenging problems in the perception of the humanities. This essay reports on the project's findings and some of the further questions that emerged from them. For example, how does the “humanities crisis” appear among the many crises of our time? Why do the humanities figure so often in connection with concrete, ordinary life yet also seem abstract in value? How can more of the substance of humanistic research be communicated as opposed to appearing as just academic business? And why is there so little focus in the media on how underrepresented populations are positioned in relation to the humanities by comparison to science and social, political, or economic issues? The essay concludes by recommending that the humanities reframe their crisis as part of larger human crises requiring multidisciplinary “grand challenge” approaches.
Grassroots Museums & the Changing Landscape of the Public
Humanities
Authors: Ruffins Fath Davis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay is a brief history of the development of “grassroots” or community-based museums since the 1960s. These museums pioneered new kinds of relationships with their communities that were far different from older museums and, in the process, helped fundamentally enlarge and diversify public humanities. The essay begins with a focus on three museums founded in 1967: El Museo del Barrio in New York City, the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum (Smithsonian) in Washington, D.C., and the Wing Luke Museum in Seattle. Over the last fifty years, these museums have grown and stabilized and newer, bigger museums with similar goals have developed. These changes suggest that one future for humanities scholars is to become involved in new publics outside of the academy who are seeking humanistic analysis of their distinctive, previously marginalized, community stories.
Themes of Consolidation in Eugene P. Odum’s Publicization of the Levels Concept in Ecology Textbooks, 1953–1975
Authors: Brooks Daniel S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Following its initial development in the 1920’s and 1930’s, by mid-century the concept of “levels of organization” began to disperse throughout the life science textbook literature. Among other early textbooks that first applied the levels concept, Eugene P. Odum’s usage of the notion in his textbook series Fundamentals of Ecology (and his later series Ecology) stands out due to the marked emphasis placed on the concept as a foundational, erotetically-oriented organizing principle. In this paper, I examine Odum’s efforts toward advocating the levels concept in ecology in light of the concept’s wider uptake in biology around that time.
Nietzsche and Cosmology: A Possible Way of Enriching the Practice of Science
Authors: Silva da Costa Wigson Rafael , Videira Antonio Augusto Passos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper we will present the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche’s main reflections on the scientific enterprise, its relation to the metaphysical tradition, and how the German author drew on the nineteenth century cosmological discussion to develop a worldview that ultimately endorses a dynamic and more creative form of science, whose representations and values should not be separated from human interests.
Negotiating Home in Exile
Authors: Anas Omair 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Arab uprisings of 2011, and their slogans of freedom, dignity and justice, gave the Arab diaspora hope. Their aftermath led to disappointment, but many Arab diasporans still dream of returning home. The tension between their real, imagined and in-transit homes keeps these immigrants in home and exile simultaneously. The paper analyses the negotiation between distant and present, real and imagined homes, in finding and settling into a new home in the Arab diaspora in Berlin. It discusses the theory that the modern public sphere is primarily attached to territorially defined modern nation-states. Migration and transnationalism have challenged the bounded nature of nation-states and have allowed forces from and outside national territories to interact with forces beyond territorial limits, via satellite TV channels, social media and migration. This transnational push in the national public sphere has empowered the Arab diaspora to renegotiate their belonging to their host and home countries.
Patterns of predation and meat-eating by chacma baboons in an Afromontane environment
Authors: Allan Andrew T.L. , LaBarge Laura R. , Howlett Caroline , Bailey Annie L. , Jones Benjamin , Mason Zachary , Pinfield Thomas , Schröder Felix , Whitaker Alex , White Amy F. , Wilkinson Henry , Hill Russell A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Meat-eating among non-human primates has been well documented but its prevalence among Afromontane baboons is understudied. In this study we report the predatory and meat-eating behaviours of a habituated group of gray-footed chacma baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) living in an Afromontane environment in South Africa. We calculated a vertebrate-eating rate of 1 every 78.5 hours, increasing to 58.1 hours when unsuccessful predation attempts were included. A key food source was young antelopes, particularly bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), which were consumed once every 115 observation hours. Similar to other baboon research sites, predations seemed mostly opportunistic, adult males regularly scrounged and monopolised prey, there was no evidence they used an active kill bite, and active sharing was absent. This is the first baboon study to report predation of rock python (Python sebae) eggs and likely scavenging of a leopard (Panthera pardus) kill (bushbuck) cached in a tree. We also describe several scramble kleptoparasitism events, tolerating active defence from antelope parents, and the baboons inhibiting public information about predations. In the latter case, baboons with meat often hid beyond the periphery of the group, reducing the likelihood of scrounging by competitors. This often led to prey carcasses being discarded without being fully exploited and potentially providing resources to scavengers. We also highlight the absence of encounters with numerous species, suggesting the baboons are a key component of several species’ landscapes of fear. Given these findings it seems likely that their ecological role in the Soutpansberg has been undervalued, and such conclusions may also hold for other baboon populations.