bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replicative Bypass Studies of L- deoxyribonucleosides in Vitro and in E. coli cell
Authors: Kan Yuhe , Jin Zhaoyang , Ke Yongqi , Lin Dao , Yan Liang , Wu Li , He Yujian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
l-nucleosides were the most important antiviral lead compounds because they can inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis of many viruses, whereas they may lead to mutations in DNA replication and cause genomic instability. In this study, we reported the replicative bypass of l-deoxynucleosides in recombinant DNA by restriction enzyme–mediated assays to examine their impact on DNA replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. The results showed that a template l-dC inhibited Taq DNA polymerase reaction, whereas it can be bypassed by Vent (exo−) DNA polymerase as well as in cell replication, inserting correct nucleotides opposite l-dC. l-dG can be bypassed by Taq DNA polymerase and in E. coli cells, maintaining insertion of correct incoming nucleotides, and l-dG induced mutagenic replication by Vent (exo−) DNA polymerase. In contrast, l-dA can induced mutagenic replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. MD simulations were performed to investigate how DNA polymerase affected replicative bypass and mutations when D-nucleosides replaced with l-nucleosides. This study will provide a basis for the ability to assess the cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of the l-nucleoside drugs.
Development of an Indicator of Collaborative Practice and Clinical Judgment Competency for Oncology Nurses in Japan: A Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Majima Tomoko , Matsudo Madoka , Kunitake Yukari , Umeda Megumi , Kusunoki Junko , Watanabe Miwa , Masujima Mariko , Otsuka Tomoko , Nagasaka Ikuyo , Okamoto Akemi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to develop Collaborative Practice and Clinical Judgment Competency (CPCJC) for oncology nurses and reach a consensus on the validity, importance, and feasibility of an indicator of CPCJC for certified nurse specialists in cancer nursing and graduate students.
Methods
The indicator of CPCJC for oncology nurses enables nurses to identify the challenges faced by patients in cancer wards and their families. This indicator contains 39 items in 13 categories, which correspond to the elements of Tanner’s Model of Clinical Judgment. A two-round modified Delphi study was completed by Japanese certified nurse specialists and graduate students in the Graduate School of Nursing. The first indicator was created by performing a content analysis using case studies and focus group interviews. Panels evaluated the validity, importance, and feasibility of 39 items in 13 categories in Round 1 (R1) and Round 2 (R2) using a 4-level Likert-type scale.
Results
The total number of participants was 46 in R1 and 35 in R2. The Scale-Content Validity Index/Ave values in R1 were 0.98, 0.99, and 0.94 for validity, importance, and feasibility, respectively.
Conclusion
This structured indicator will enable nurses with short clinical experience to collaborate with multidisciplinary teams and provide patient-centered care. This indicator can be used as a consultation tool for nurses belonging to the palliative care team or advanced practice nurses in the oncology team.
Prognostic Value of [18F]-FDG PET/CT Radiomics combined with Sarcopenia Status among Patients with Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer
Authors: Hinzpeter Ricarda , Mirshahvalad Seyed Ali , Kulanthaivelu Roshini , Ortega Claudia , Metser Ur , Liu Zhihui Amy , Elimova Elena , Wong Rebecca , Yeung Jonathan , Jang Raymond W. , Veit-Haibach Patrick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate, whether 18[18F]-FDG PET/CT - derived radiomics combined with sarcopenia measurements improves survival prognostication among patients with advanced, metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. Methods: In this IRB-approved retrospective study, we included 128 consecutive patients with advanced, metastatic esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer (n=128; 26 females; 102 males; mean age 63.5±11.7 years; age range: 29-91 years) undergoing 18[18F]-FDG PET/CT for staging between November 2008 and December 2019. Segmentation of the primary tumor and radiomics analysis derived from PET and CT images was performed semi-automatically with a commonly used open-source software platform (LIFEX, Version 6.30, lifexsoft.org). Patients’ nutritional status was determined by measuring the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the level of L3 on the CT component. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to establish a survival prediction model including radiomics, clinical data, and SMI score. Results: In a univariable Cox proportional hazards model, ECOG (<0.001) and bone metastasis (p=0,028) were significant clinical parameters for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Age (p=0.017) was an additional prognostic factor for OS. The multivariable analysis revealed improved overall survival prognostication when adding sarcopenic status, PET and CT radiomics to the model with clinical parameters over a clinical course of 6 to 36 months (AUC 0.68 vs. 0.80 at 12 months). Similarly, adding sarcopenia measurements, PET and CT radiomics improved the model fit for PFS (AUC 0.65 vs. 0.82 at 12 months). Conclusion: PET and CT radiomics derived from hybrid 18[18F]-FDG PET/CT combined with sarcopenia measurements and clinical parameters may improve survival prediction among patients with advanced, metastatic gastroesophageal cancer.
Optimization of the medical management of appendicular abscess and plastron in children: a 2009 to 2019 cohort study
Authors: Sadozai Laily , Chouikh Taieb , Kotobi Henri , Rossi Benjamin , Coret-Houbart Bernadette , Raquillet Claire , Oufella Arezki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: In our hospital, children with appendicular plastron or abscess receive a medical treatment with cefotaxime, metronidazole and gentamicin followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as an oral switch. Appendectomy is performed 10 to 12 weeks after the beginning of the discharge. A high failure rate was noticed with a switch to a second line treatments, rehospitalization or an emergency surgery. The objective of our study was to highlight predictive factors for the treatment response. Methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric study between 2009 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were children under 16 years old diagnosed with appendicular plastron or abscess, treated with a medical treatment. We divided the cohort into a success and a failure group and compared their demographic data, clinical symptoms, inflammatory markers, abdominal imaging and antibiotic regimen. Results: Seventy-four patients were enrolled in the study and the failure rate was 36% (n=27). The median age in the success group was 8.7 years old (2-14) and 9.4 years old (2-15) in the failure group. Multiple abscesses (6.5% versus 32%, p=0.02) and diarrhea at admission (19% versus 44%, p=0.02) were significantly associated with a failure. Palpable mass (47% versus 67%, p=0.09) and stercoliths (34% versus 52%, p=0.13) appeared to be more important in the failure group. Discussion and conclusion: Several factors were analyzed to predict the response to the medical treatment for children with appendicular abscess or plastron. Patients with multiple abscesses will no longer be treated with antibiotics. We also recommended greater vigilance after detecting stercoliths in the medical imaging based on other studies results. Time to hospitalization, time to apyrexia, CRP and white blood cells level at admission were not different between the success and the failure group. Finally, a wider bacterial epidemiology study is needed in order to adjust our local guidelines and the antibiotic therapy.
COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: treatment with Helmet CPAP in respiratory intermediate care unit by pulmonologists in the three Italian pandemic waves
Authors: Piluso Martina , Ferrari Clarissa , Pagani Silvia , Usai Pierfranco , Raschi Stefania , Parachini Luca , Oggionni Elisa , Melacini Chiara , D'Arcangelo Francesca , Cattaneo Roberta , Bonacina Cristiano , Bernareggi Monica , Bencini Serena , Nadalin Marta , Borelli Mara , Bellini Roberto , Salandini Maria Chiara , Scarpazza Paolo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) is the major complication of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks rapidly saturating ICU beds, forcing the application of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) in respiratory intermediate care unit (RICU).Methods: 515 patients were enrolled in our observational prospective study based on CARDS developed in RICU during the three Italian pandemic waves (150, 180 and 185 patients respectively). All selected patients (aged 18-80) were treated with Helmet-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP). The primary aim of the study is to compare the patients’ clinical characteristics and outcomes (H-CPAP success/failure and survival/death) during the three different pandemic waves. The secondary aim is to evaluate and detect the main predictors of the H-CPAP success and survival/death in patients selected by having CARDS criteria.Results: The worst ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) PaO2/FiO2 during H-CPAP stratified the subjects in mild (82-15.9%), moderate (202-39.2%) and severe (231-44.9%) CARDS. H-CPAP success has increased during the three waves (62%, 69% and 77% respectively) and the mortality rate has decreased (28%, 21% and 13%). H-CPAP success/failure and survival/death were related to the ratio PaO2/FiO2 (worst score) in H-CPAP and steroids administration. D-dimer at admission, FiO2 in H-CPAP, and level of PEEP were also associated with H-CPAP success.Conclusions: Our study suggests good clinical outcomes with H-CPAP in CARDS in RICU. CARDS has a biphasic trend confirmed in all the three waves, with a worsening patients’ trend from admission to subsequent days of hospitalization. A widespread use of steroids in our center could play a role in achieving good clinical outcomes. The proper management during hospitalization by pulmonologist in RICU may affect these patients’ trend. We observed a significant improvement of prognosis in the three different waves: patients are found to be progressively slightly less severe.
Defending against Label-Flipping Attacks in Federated Learning Systems with UMAP
Authors: Upreti Deepak , Kim Hyunil , Yang Eunmok , Seo Changho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The importance of computing and storage capacity has increased over time, and the importance of data mining in industrial engineering has become more apparent. Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning have made significant advancements in industrial engineering. Federated learning is a machine learning technique that aims to solve the problem of distributed computing systems and their applications of data storage while ensuring data privacy. Tolpegin et al. conducted research on data poisoning attacks in a federated learning system, which we have extended to an analysis of the efficiency of Tolpegin's proposed defense technique. We have subsequently compared the efficiency using uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA (KPCA), and K-means clustering algorithms. This study confirms that UMAP performs better than PCA, KPCA, and K-means, and provides excellent performance in mitigating data-poisoning attacks.
Knowledge Flows Within Chinese Administrative Provinces: A Patent Citation Analysis
Authors: Liu Jia , Pénin Julien , Rondé Patrick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the determinants of knowledge flows, proxied by patent citations, within 31 Chinese administrative provinces. In order to explain the number of citations from a Province to another, in addition to geographic and technological proximity, we use factor analysis to capture the effect of regional research structure. In particular, we measure the private versus public research intensity of each Chinese administrative province. Our econometric results show that, as expected, geographical and technological distance between Provinces are negatively correlated with patent citations. In addition, we find that Chinese administrative provinces that show bigger intensity with regard to public and to private research both receive more patent citations and cite more other patents in other Provinces. This effect is particularly significant when the two regions are specialized in private research. Finally, and at odds with prior research, we find that controlling for social proximity between Provinces does not impact the effect of geographical and technological proximity. These results, if confirmed by further studies, might have significant policy implications.
The effect of drying temperature on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic from Cassava pulp and Chitosan
Authors: Astuti Adina Widi , Yulianto Agus , Nurbaiti Upik 
Published: August 2022

Conventional plastics made from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polystyrene, and poly (ethylene terephthalate) are difficult to decompose. Bioplastics can reduce the amount of toxic waste generated from biological materials other than petroleum. The combination of cassava pulp and chitosan can be used as a candidate for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The optimal drying temperature can produce biodegradable plastics that have good quality. The method used to determine the effect is the mechanical properties test with ASTM D-638M standard and degradation test. The results of this study obtained 6 samples of biodegradable plastic with variations in temperature A=40˚C, B=50˚C, C=60˚C, D=70˚C, E=80˚C and F=90˚C. From the results of the mechanical properties test, the tensile strength values of each sample are A = 0,84 MPa, B = 1,78 MPa, C = 2,24 MPa, D = 1,58 MPa, E = 1,23 MPa and F =0,57 MPa. While the percent elongation value of each sample is A = 11,09%, B = 21,62%, C = 30,25%, D = 15,94%, E = 13% and F = 7,2%. The drying temperature in the process of making biodegradable plastics can affect its mechanical properties, namely the higher the drying temperature used, the lower the tensile strength value and the percent elongation, this is because high temperatures can damage the chemical structure and evaporated sorbitol which serves to increase flexibility. The higher the drying temperature also causes the biodegradable plastic to take longer to degrade. Sample A with the lowest temperature degraded the fastest for 28 days, while sample F with the highest temperature degraded the fastest for 46 days.©2021 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Impact of Virtual Reflection Groups on Advanced Practice Nurse Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus Group Study With Master’s Students
Authors: Høybakk Jofrid Berit , Nes Andréa Aparecida Gonçalves , Kvande Monica Evelyn , Solberg Marianne Trygg 
Published: August 2022

Background
In the master’s program of advanced practice nursing at a Norwegian university college, the learning activity reflection groups were converted into virtual reflection group (VRG) meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regardless of the students’ clinical practices in different hospitals, they could participate in the same VRG meeting on the web together with the educator from the university college, and the clinical supervisors were invited to participate. The students were in the process of developing the core competence required in their role as advanced practice nurses (APNs), and they had increased responsibility in the implementation of the VRG meetings.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to explore how master’s students of advanced practice nursing experienced VRG meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A qualitative exploratory design was adopted using focus group interviews. A group of students in the master’s program of advanced practice nursing participated in an interview that lasted for 60 minutes. They had experienced participating in the VRG meetings following a rigorous guide during their clinical practice. The data from the focus group were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
The main findings of this study highlighted the importance of structure in VRG meetings, the role of increased responsibility in students’ learning processes, the development of APN students’ competencies, and increased professional collaboration with clinical supervisors. The APN students and clinical supervisors also continued their discussions in the clinical setting afterward, which strengthened the collaboration between students’ education in the master’s program and their clinical practice.

Conclusions
VRG meetings gave the students the opportunity to lead professional discussions while reflecting thoroughly on the chosen patient cases from clinical practice. They experienced receiving feedback from fellow students, supervisors, and educators as stimulating their critical thinking development.
Use of “Hidden in Plain Sight” de-identification methodology in electronic healthcare data provides minimal risk of misidentification: Results from the iCAIRD Safe Haven Artificial Intelligence Platform.
Authors: Farrow Luke , Wilde Katie , Dymiter Jaroslaw , Boyle Moragh , Weir Alexander , Blackwood James , Mayor Charlie , Harrison David , Anderson Lesley 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the risk of misidentification when using a “Hidden In Plain Sight (HIPS)” Named Entity Recognition (NER) de-identification methodology applied to Scottish healthcare data within The Industrial Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research in Digital Diagnostics (iCAIRD) Safe Haven Artificial Intelligence Platform (SHAIP).
ApproachRather than the traditional redaction of potential identifiable information in routinely collected healthcare data, our HIPS methodology utilises an NER “find and replace” approach to de-identification that keeps the structure of text intact. This ensures that context is maintained, key to the interpretation of free text information and potential Artificial Intelligence applications.
To our knowledge these methods have been previously untested on Scottish healthcare data. We therefore performed assessment of this approach in terms of potential risk of misidentification using HIPS on structured Scottish data deployed in SHAIP as part of the iCAIRD programme.
ResultsFive individual cohorts, with a total of 169,964 patients were included. For each cohort the HIPS approach was applied, and then compared to actual patient information from within the same region, in order to determine the risk of misidentification. The following fields were included: Forename, Surname, Previous Name, Gender, Date of Birth (DOB), and Postcode.
Across the five cohorts and varying combinations of identifiable data fields there were a total of 94 instances of potential misidentification (0.06%). 85/94 (90.4%) of these were for the combination of Gender, Date of Birth and Postcode. Across the five cohorts there were only 3 instances (0.002%) of Forename/Surname/DOB, and 5 instances (0.003%) of Forename/Surname/Postcode potential misidentification amongst the 169,964 patients.
ConclusionsThe iCAIRD NER HIPS Methodology provides an acceptably low misidentification rate. Further work is now required to determine the recall and precision rates. Benefits of this approach include retaining the structure of free text, as well as reducing the ability to detect any potential leaked identifiable data.
Mapping where patients access primary care providers.
Authors: Frymire Eliot , Gozdyra Peter , Green Michael , Bayoumi Imaan , Glazier Richard , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Khan Shahriar , Kiran Tara , Premji Kamila 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo gain an understanding of the attribution of patients to newly introduced Ontario Health Teams (OHT). OHTs are responsible for organizing and delivering health local care based on established connections between patients, their primary care providers, and hospitals. Furthermore, we aim to identify areas with poor geographic access to care.
ApproachWe used GIS analyses and maps to depict the attribution of patients to OHTs based on their uptake of primary care and hospital referral patterns. Residents of a specific local area can be attributed to different OHTs based on their prevailing health seeking choices. This leads to a creation of non-unique OHT ‘capture zones’, which may pose challenges in primary health care planning and delivery.
The range of spatial analyses and maps used in this study helps to overcome some of these limitations and provides healthcare administrators with important geographic layer of information not available through other data summary methods.
ResultsThe distribution of patients and patterns of the primary care seeking vary greatly between urban, rural and remote areas. Many of the rural and remote OHTs have their patients clustered in areas surrounding the main hospital. These areas can be quite large geographically but their extents are still unique from other OHTs. OHTs in urban areas show substantial overlaps of their patient base. The urban patients are in most cases highly clustered around the main hospital location for hospitals providing primary and secondary care. The distribution of patients attributed to OHTs with hospitals providing tertiary care is quite spread out throughout the region or even the province.
All these unique patterns reflect complex ways of primary care seeking behavior and referral patterns for hospital care.
ConclusionThese attribution maps and data tables are an essential resource for planners and decisions makers in identifying priorities within the regional provision of primary care. This knowledge is essential to a better understanding of health care needs of local populations, and to implementing improvements in health care access.
Statistical methods for assessing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on health services use: Paediatric primary care and mental health access.
Authors: Stukel Therese , Guttmann Astrid , Saunders Natasha , Fu Longdi 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThere were large disruptions to health care services after the onset of the COVID pandemic. We compared outpatient primary care and mental health care physician visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.
ApproachPopulation-based study of pediatric primary care and mental health visit rates after vs. before Covid restrictions. We used Poisson GEE regression to model 3-year pre-Covid trends and forecast expected trends after restrictions. The model included age, sex, a secular trend, and pre-Covid month indicators. Expected visit rates and 95% CIs post-restrictions were estimated by applying the linear combination of pre-Covid regression coefficients to the post-pandemic data and exponentiating. Relative changes in post Covid visit rates were expressed as an adjusted rate ratio of observed to expected rates by exponentiating the difference of observed and expected post-pandemic log rates and CIs.
ResultsIn a population of 2.5 million children, primary care visit rates declined by 20% of expected (adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77–0.82). The largest monthly decrease occurred in April 2020. Virtual visits accounted for 53% of overall visits. Although visit rates increased slowly after April 2020, they did not return to pre-restriction levels by November 2020. Mental health visit rates declined rapidly to below expected in April 2020 (aRR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.82) followed by an increase to 7% above expected (aRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09) by July 2020 and sustained at 10-15% above expected to February 2021. Adolescent females had the greatest overall increase in mental health visit rates relative to expected (aRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.25-1.28).
ConclusionThe pandemic contributed to rapid decreases in primary and mental health care, with some recovery and a shift to virtual care. There was a disproportionate increase in mental health care services among adolescent females. System-level planning to address increasing needs and monitor quality with such large shifts is warranted.