bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myths of Racial Democracy: Cuba, 1900-1912
Authors: de la Fuente Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article reviews the recent literature on the so-called myths of racial democracy in Latin America and challenges current critical interpretations of the social effects of these ideologies. Typically, critics stress the elitist nature of these ideologies, their demobilizing effects among racially subordinate groups, and the role they play in legitimizing the subordination of such groups. Using the establishment of the Cuban republic as a test case, this article contends that the critical approach tends to minimize or ignore altogether the opportunities that these ideologies have created for those below, the capacity of subordinate groups to use the nation-state's cultural project to their own advantage, and the fact that these social myths also restrain the political options of their own creators.
Hidden Potential in Predicting Wintertime Temperature Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Dobrynin Mikhail , Düsterhus André , Fröhlich Kristina , Athanasiadis Panos , Ruggieri Paolo , Müller Wolfgang A. , Baehr Johanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVariability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) drives wintertime temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere. Dynamical seasonal prediction systems can skilfully predict the winter NAO. However, prediction of the NAO‐dependent air temperature anomalies remains elusive, partially due to the low variability of predicted NAO. Here, we demonstrate a hidden potential of a multi‐model ensemble of operational seasonal prediction systems for predicting wintertime temperature by increasing the variability of predicted NAO. We identify and subsample those ensemble members which are close to NAO index statistically estimated from initial autumn conditions. In our novel multi‐model approach, the correlation prediction skill for wintertime Central Europe temperature is improved from 0.25 to 0.66, accompanied by an increased winter NAO prediction skill of 0.9. Thereby, temperature anomalies can be skilfully predicted for the upcoming winter over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere through increased variability and skill of predicted NAO.
Near‐Cloud Aerosol Retrieval Using Machine Learning Techniques, and Implied Direct Radiative Effects
Authors: Yang C. Kevin , Chiu J. Christine , Marshak Alexander , Feingold Graham , Várnai Tamás , Wen Guoyong , Yamaguchi Takanobu , Jan van Leeuwen Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of satellite‐based aerosol retrievals in the vicinity of low‐topped clouds, mainly because reflectance from aerosols is overwhelmed by three‐dimensional cloud radiative effects. To account for cloud radiative effects on reflectance observations, we develop a Convolutional Neural Network and retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) with 100–500 m horizontal resolution for all cloud‐free regions regardless of their distances to clouds. The retrieval uncertainty is 0.01 + 5%AOD, and the mean bias is approximately −2%. In an application to satellite observations, aerosol hygroscopic growth due to humidification near clouds enhances AOD by 100% in regions within 1 km of cloud edges. The humidification effect leads to an overall 55% increase in the clear‐sky aerosol direct radiative effect. Although this increase is based on a case study, it highlights the importance of aerosol retrievals in near‐cloud regions, and the need to incorporate the humidification effect in radiative forcing estimates.
The Dependence of Tropical Cyclone Pressure Tendency on Size
Authors: Sparks Nathan , Toumi Ralf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurrent theories of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification give little direct indication of the role of the TC size in intensity changes, although there are observations showing a relationship. We develop a new model of TC central pressure tendency where the pressure change can be expressed as exponential with a time constant determined by the ratio of radius maximum wind (Rmax) and the column inflow or outflow speed. An analysis of observations confirms the relationship which becomes more important for a larger pressure tendency and suggests an upper bound on pressure tendency for a given Rmax. The dependence of the pressure tendency on size poses a challenging constraint on the accurate forecasting of TCs in numerical weather prediction and climate models.
Multidecadal Regime Shifts in North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water Formation in a Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Sea Ice Model
Authors: Kim Sang‐Yeob , Kwon Young‐Oh , Park Wonsun , Lee Ho Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA regime shift in the formation mechanisms of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) and its causes were investigated using a 2,000‐year‐long pre‐industrial control simulation of a fully coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐sea ice model. The volume budget analysis revealed that the air‐sea flux and ocean dynamics (OD) were the two primary driving mechanisms for NPSTMW formation, but their relative importance has periodically alternated in multidecadal timescales of approximately 50–70 years. The regime shift of the NPSTMW formation was closely related to the meridional (50 years) and zonal (70 years) movements of the Aleutian Low (AL). When AL shifted to the south or east, it induces the sea surface height anomalies propagating westward from the central North Pacific and preconditions the NPSTMW formation, thus the OD become relatively more important.
Contrasting Climatic Trends of Atmospheric River Occurrences Over East Asia
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yang Long , Yang Yixin , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are increasingly recognized as a major driver of hydrological cycles, and are projected to increase around the world under a changing climate. However, the long‐term trends of ARs over East Asia (EA) remains less elucidated. Here we fill the gap by developing a longest‐ever archive of EA ARs, and examine its role in determining spatiotemporal precipitation variability over EA. We find contrasting changes in AR occurrences, with more frequent ARs in low latitudes but less in high latitudes during the period 1950–2020. The “dipole” pattern of decadal changes in AR occurrences is dictated by atmospheric dynamics (i.e., winds) in the north but thermodynamics (i.e., moisture) in the south. The reduced AR occurrences explain 49% of decreased annual precipitation in northern China, while more AR‐related precipitation is observed in southern China. Our results provide new insights into regional hydroclimate over EA by connecting it with large‐scale weather systems.
Evaluation of Extreme Soil Moisture Conditions During the 2020 Sahel Floods and Implications for Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Thomas N. P. , Anyamba A. , Tubbs H. , Bishnoi B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe June‐October 2020 growing season was characterized by sustained and extreme flooding across the African Sahel. One consequence of flooding events such as this is outbreaks of vector borne diseases (VBDs) which are often associated with climate anomalies. In this study, data from the soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission is used with other soil moisture and precipitation data to show that the 2020 Sahelian growing season was the most extreme over the past four decades, ranking first in seasonally accumulated precipitation, which on average exceeded the climatology by around 300 mm. VBD outbreaks of Rift Valley fever and Chikungunya followed in Mauritania/Senegal and Chad, respectively. In some cases, soil moisture is a better indicator of VBD outbreak risk than precipitation, which has so far been more commonly used in studies of VBD outbreaks. It is expected that this finding will inform future monitoring and prediction efforts for VBD risk.
Future Hurricanes Will Increase Palm Abundance and Decrease Aboveground Biomass in a Tropical Forest
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Bras Rafael L. , Longo Marcos , Scalley Tamara Heartsill 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHurricanes are expected to intensify throughout the 21st century, yet the impact of frequent major hurricanes on tropical ecosystems remains unknown. To investigate tropical forest damage and recovery under different hurricane regimes, we generate a suite of scenarios based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate projections and increased hurricane recurrence and intensity for the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. We then use the Ecosystem Demography model to predict changes in carbon stocks, forest structure and composition. Our results indicate that frequent hurricane disturbances in the future would decrease the overall aboveground biomass, decrease the dominance of late‐successional species, but increase the dominance of palm species. Warmer climates with increased CO2 would have little effect on the functional‐type composition but increase the aboveground biomass. However, the predicted climate and CO2 fertilization effects would not compensate for the biomass loss due to more frequent severe‐hurricane disturbances.
Earthquake Focal Mechanisms as a Stress Meter of Active Volcanoes
Authors: Aoki Yosuke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe orientation of faulting associated with volcano‐tectonic earthquakes follows the stress field there, as with tectonic earthquakes. Therefore, stress changes associated with volcanic activity change fault orientations or focal mechanisms. Zhan et al. (2022; https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL097958) observed temporal changes of focal mechanisms associated with volcanic unrest. They decomposed the stress field into the ambient differential stress, volcano loading, and the stress change by the dike intrusion; they then evaluated their relative contributions to constrain the magnitude of the ambient differential stress that is consistent with the observation. This study indicates that focal mechanisms can be used to monitor the stress state of an active volcano. Combining focal mechanisms with other geophysical observables, such as seismic anisotropy and geodetic measurements, will give us more precise assessments of the stress state, leading to better forecasts of volcanic activity.
Meteor Head Echo Analyses From Concurrent Radar Observations at AMISR Resolute Bay, Jicamarca, and Millstone Hill
Authors: Hedges T. , Lee N. , Elschot S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOn 10 and 11 October 2019, high‐power radar observations were performed simultaneously for 8 hours at Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter North (RISR‐N), Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO), and Millstone Hill Observatory (MHO). The concurrent observations eliminate diurnal, seasonal, and space weather biases in the meteor head echo populations and elucidate relative sensitivities of each facility and configuration. Each facility observed thousands of head echoes, with JRO observing tens of thousands. An inter‐pulse phase matching technique employs Doppler shifts to determine head echo range rates (velocity component along radar beam) with order‐of‐magnitude greater accuracy versus measuring the Doppler shift at individual pulses, and this technique yields accurate range rates and decelerations for a subset of the head echo population at each facility. Because RISR‐N is at high latitude and points away from the ecliptic plane, it does not observe head echoes with range rates faster than 55 km/s, although its head echo population demonstrates a bias toward larger and faster head echoes. At JRO near the equator, a larger spread of range rates is observed. MHO observes a large spread of range rates at mid‐latitude despite its comparable frequency to RISR‐N, but this occurs because its beam was pointed at a 45° elevation angle unlike RISR‐N and JRO which were pointed near‐zenith. A trend of greater decelerations at lower altitudes is observed at RISR‐N and JRO, with decelerations of up to 60 km/s2, but high‐deceleration events of up to 1,000 km/s2 previously observed in head echo studies are not observed.
Accounting for Modeling Errors in Linear Inversion of Crosshole Ground‐Penetrating Radar Amplitude Data: Detecting Sand in Clayey Till
Authors: Jensen B. B. , Hansen T. M. , Nielsen L. , Cordua K. S. , Tuxen N. , Tsitonaki A. , Looms M. C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMapping high permeability sand occurrences in clayey till is fundamental for protecting the underlying drinking water resources. Crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) amplitude data have the potential to differentiate between sand and clay, and can provide 2D subsurface models with a decimeter‐scale resolution. We develop a probabilistic straight‐ray‐based inversion scheme, where we account for the forward modeling error arising from choosing a straight‐ray forward solver. The forward modeling error is described by a Gaussian probability distribution and included in the total noise model by addition of covariance models. Due to the linear formulation, we are able to decouple the inversion of traveltime and amplitude data and obtain results fast. We evaluate the approach through a synthetic study, where synthetic traveltime and amplitude data are inverted to obtain slowness and attenuation tomograms using several noise model scenarios. We find that accounting for the forward modeling error is fundamental to successfully obtain tomograms without artifacts. This is especially the case for inversion of amplitude data since the structure of the noise model for the forward modeling error is significantly different from the other data error models. Overall, inversion of field data confirms the results from the synthetic study; however, amplitude inversion performs slightly better than traveltime inversion. We are able to characterize a 0.4–0.6 m thick sand layer as well as internal variations in the clayey till matching observed geological information from borehole logs and excavation.
Influence of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on SST Fronts Along the West Coasts of North and South America
Authors: Amos Caitlin M. , Castelao Renato M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlong the west coasts of North, Central, and South America, sea surface temperature (SST) fronts are important for circulation dynamics and promoting biological activity. Prevailing equatorward winds during summer results in offshore Ekman transport and upwelling along the coast, where fronts often form between cold, upwelled water and warmer offshore waters. The interannual variability in winds, coastal upwelling, sea level anomalies, and SST in these regions have been linked to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), however SST fronts have received less attention. Here, we investigate the interannual variability of SST fronts off North, Central, and South America using satellite SST data spanning 1982–2018. Anomalies of fronts within 0–300 km offshore indicate interannual variability that coincides with ENSO events in most regions. Frontal activity generally decreases during El Niño events and increases during La Niña events. The decrease in fronts off Peru and Chile during El Niño coincides with the seasonal peak in frontal activity, while off the United States the decrease occurs when frontal activity is at a seasonal minimum. We also utilized satellite measurements of wind stress and sea level anomaly to investigate how ENSO oceanic and atmospheric forcing mechanisms affect frontal activity. Decreases in frontal activity during El Niño events are largely due to oceanic forcing (i.e., coastal Kelvin waves) off Central and South America and to both oceanic forcing and atmospheric teleconnections off the United States. This study furthers our understanding of the influence of ENSO on coastal upwelling regions in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Influence of Shallow Groundwater Evapotranspiration on Recharge Estimation Using the Water Table Fluctuation Method
Authors: Boumis Georgios , Kumar Mukesh , Nimmo John R. , Clement T. Prabhakar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGroundwater recharge moves downward from the land surface and reaches the groundwater to replenish aquifers. Despite its importance, methods to directly measure recharge remain cost and time‐intensive. Recharge is usually estimated using indirect methods, such as the widely used water‐table fluctuation (WTF) method, which is based on the premise that rises in groundwater levels are due to recharge. In the WTF method, recharge is calculated as the difference between the observed groundwater hydrograph and the hydrograph obtained in the absence of water input. The hydrograph in the absence of rise‐producing input is estimated based on a characteristic master recession curve (MRC), which describes an average behavior for a declining water‐table. Previous studies derive MRC using recession data from all seasons. We hypothesize that for sites where groundwater table is shallow, using recession data from periods with high groundwater‐influenced evapotranspiration (ET) rates versus all periods will yield significantly different MRC, and consequently different estimates of recharge. We test this hypothesis and show that groundwater recession rates are significantly greater in warm months when the groundwater‐influenced ET rates are higher. Since obtaining seasonal recession rates is challenging for locations with a limited amount of data and is prohibitive if it is to be obtained for any given season of a particular year, we propose two novel parsimonious methods to obtain recession time constants for distinct seasons. The proposed methods show the potential to significantly improve the estimates of seasonal recession time constants and provide a better understanding of seasonal variations in recharge estimates.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA: biogenesis, structure, functions and diseases
Authors: Yang Ludi , Jia Ruobing , Ge Tongxin , Ge Shengfang , Zhuang Ai , Chai Peiwei , Fan Xianqun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), ranging in size from tens to millions of base pairs, is independent of conventional chromosomes. Recently, eccDNAs have been considered an unanticipated major source of somatic rearrangements, contributing to genomic remodeling through chimeric circularization and reintegration of circular DNA into the linear genome. In addition, the origin of eccDNA is considered to be associated with essential chromatin-related events, including the formation of super-enhancers and DNA repair machineries. Moreover, our understanding of the properties and functions of eccDNA has continuously and greatly expanded. Emerging investigations demonstrate that eccDNAs serve as multifunctional molecules in various organisms during diversified biological processes, such as epigenetic remodeling, telomere trimming, and the regulation of canonical signaling pathways. Importantly, its special distribution potentiates eccDNA as a measurable biomarker in many diseases, especially cancers. The loss of eccDNA homeostasis facilitates tumor initiation, malignant progression, and heterogeneous evolution in many cancers. An in-depth understanding of eccDNA provides novel insights for precision cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the discovery history of eccDNA, discussed the biogenesis, characteristics, and functions of eccDNA. Moreover, we emphasized the role of eccDNA during tumor pathogenesis and malignant evolution. Therapeutically, we summarized potential clinical applications that target aberrant eccDNA in multiple diseases.
Germline stem cells in human
Authors: Cheng Hanhua , Shang Dantong , Zhou Rongjia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus essential for the survival of mankind. The germline stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states of germ stem cells and then differentiate into specialized cells, spermatozoa and ova, for producing offspring, while self-renew to generate more stem cells. Abnormal development of germline stem cells often causes severe diseases in humans, including infertility and cancer. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) first emerge during early embryonic development, migrate into the gentile ridge, and then join in the formation of gonads. In males, they differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells, which give rise to spermatozoa via meiosis from the onset of puberty, while in females, the female germline stem cells (FGSCs) retain stemness in the ovary and initiate meiosis to generate oocytes. Primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) can be induced in vitro from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we focus on current advances in these embryonic and adult germline stem cells, and the induced PGCLCs in humans, provide an overview of molecular mechanisms underlying the development and differentiation of the germline stem cells and outline their physiological functions, pathological implications, and clinical applications.
Factors associated with the oral health-related quality of life of patients with temporomandibular disorder at the final follow-up visit: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Potewiratnanond Prangtip , Limpuangthip Nareudee , Karunanon Varangkana , Buritep Ansaya , Thawai Athitaya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients at the final follow-up visit, and to investigate the associated factors.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study comprised 227 TMD patients. Dependent variable was OHRQoL determined by telephone interview using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire after the final follow-up visit. Independent variables were collected from dental records, comprising age, sex, treatment duration, diagnosis, clinical parameters (mouth-opening distances), and pain perception. TMD patients were diagnosed as having masticatory muscle disorders (TMDM), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDJ), or combined muscle and TMJ disorders (TMDC). Bivariate analyses and multivariable linear regression were used to analyze the factors associated with OHIP-14 scores.

Results
Bivariate analyses demonstrated higher OHIP-14 scores in younger patients, females, having TMDC, and lower mouth-opening distance. Multivariable analysis demonstrated the association of higher OHIP-14 scores with being younger and having TMDC. Participants with TMDC demonstrated greater improvement in unassisted mouth-opening distance, compared with the other clinical diagnosis groups.

Conclusions
At the final follow-up visit, oral health impact problems were reported mainly in physical pain and psychological discomfort domains. Better OHRQoL was found in older, and TMDM or TMDJ patients.