bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic and catalyst-free selective epitaxy of InP nanowires on Silicon
Authors: Kamath Anagha , Skibitzki Oliver , Spirito Davide , Dadgostar Shabnam , Martinez Irene Mediavilla , Serrano Jorge , Jimenez Juan , Richter Carsten , Schmidbauer Martin , Kwasniewski Albert , Golz Christian , Schubert Markus Andreas , Niu Gang , Hatami Fariba 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The integration of both optical and electronic components on a single chip, despite the challenge, holds the promise of compatibility with CMOS technology and high scalability. Among all candidate materials, III-V semiconductor nanostructures are key ingredients for opto-electronics and quantum optics devices, such as light emitters and harvesters. The control over geometry, and dimensionality of the nanostructures, enables one to modify the band structures, and hence provide a powerful tool for tailoring the opto-electronic properties of III-V compounds. One of the most creditable approaches towards such growth control is the combination of using patterned wafer and the self-assembled epitaxy. This work presents monolithically integrated catalyst-free InP nanowires grown selectively on nanotip-patterned (001)Si substrates using gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy. The substrates are fabricated using CMOS nanotechnology. The dimensionality of the InP structures can be switched between two-dimensional nanowires and three-dimensional bulk-like InP islands by thermally modifying the shape of Silicon nanotips, surrounded by the SiO2 layer during the oxide-off process. The structural and optical characterization of nanowires indicate the coexistence of both zincblende and wurtzite InP crystal phases in nanowires. The two different crystal structures were aligned with a type-II heterointerface.
Polyoxometalate-based heterojunction with NIR light-facilitated photocatalytic W6+/W5+ redox cycling for enhanced bacteria-infected wound healing
Authors: Lv Mingzhu , Xu Zhou , Yong Yuan , Wang Huan , Liu Chenghui , Xu Qiqi , Du Guobo , Xie Jiani , You Yong , Xiao Jiangwei , Jiang Guohui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Metal-based nanomaterials with shifting or mixed redox states have been widely applied for combating against bacteria-infected diseases by virtue of their peroxidase (POD)-like catalytic activity, which can decompose endogenous overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly oxidized hydroxyl radical (·OH) via the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction. However, the compromised POD-like catalytic activity in biofilm microenvironment (BME) restrains their therapeutic efficiency. Results: Herein, a polyoxometalate-based heterojunction (GdP5W30@WS2) with shifting or mixed redox states (W6+/W5+) is devised to achieve boosted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by near-infrared (NIR) laser-facilitated W6+/W5+ redox cycling for effective biofilm eradication and accelerated bacteria-infected wound healing. On the one hand, under the exposure to NIR laser, WS2 as electron donor could be stimulated to transfer electrons to GdP5W30, which promotes the reduction from W6+ to W5+ active sites on the surface of the GdP5W30. Consequently, the regenerated W5+ active sites could catalyze endogenous overexpressed H2O2 to persistently generate ROS, which displays enhanced POD-like catalytic activity for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by NIR-driven photocatalytic W6+/W5+ redox cycling. Moreover, GdP5W30@WS2 also displays favorable glutathione (GSH)-activated photothermal performance by W6+-triggered GSH exhaustion for sufficient ROS generation, thereby facilitating the synergistic therapeutic efficiency of photothermal therapy (PTT) and CDT. Conclusions: We expect that the present work will promote the development of the heterojunction with shifting or mixed redox states for biofilm elimination based on NIR-facilitated enzyme-like catalytic activity, which may act as a candidate for the BME-activated synergistic therapy.
Neurocutaneous melanosis in an adult patient with anepia: case report and review of the literature
Authors: 陈 辉 , Mingming Zhao , Tong Li , Shengchao Ding , Feng He , Wenjun Huo , Xin Yan , Feng Yin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We explore the clinical characteristics of neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) in adult patients to further understanding of the disease. Methods We present a rare case of an adult patient suffering from neurocutaneous melanosis with anepia and review the Chinese and English literature to analyze the clinical features of adult neurocutaneous melanosis patients in China. Results: From Jan 1995 to April 2022, there were thirty-four adult NCM patients, aged 19 to 59 years, average 26.9 years old, twenty-three males (67.6%), eleven females (32.4%), two cases of diffuse melanocytosis (5.8%), thirty-one cases of malignant melanoma (91.1%)) and one case of mixed nevus (3.1%). Twenty-nine cases showed satellite nevi (73.5%), and five cases were unknown (26.5%). Thirty-three cases had obvious intracranial lesions(97.0%), and one case had no intracranial lesions (3.0%). Nine cases of intracranial hypertension (26.4%), ten cases of epilepsy(29.4%), one case of hydrocephalus (2.9%), one case of cerebral hemorrhage (2.9%), one case combine Dandy-Walker deformity (2.9%). Conclusion: Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a very rare disease, especially in adults. Neurosurgical intervention can help improve diagnosis of this disease. Further evidence is needed to establish the negative associations of NCM incidence with oestrogen levels.
Influence of carbon electrode thickness and spacing on capacitive deionization performance
Authors: Thungsuai Kunchaya , Pimpha Nuttaporn , Chaleawlert-umpon Saowaluk 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising desalination technology capable of desalinating various water sources. It has attracted wide attention in the past few decades. In this study, effects of carbon electrode and spacer thicknesses on textural, electrochemical, and electrosorption characteristics of CDI were systematically evaluated. Specifically, CDI performance in terms of salt removal efficiency (R), salt adsorption capacity (SAC), and salt adsorption rate (ASAR) was discussed. The results showed that thick carbon layer electrode significantly improved the salt removal efficiency due to the high active sites for adsorption. In terms of ion removal per mass of the electrode, a reduction in salt adsorption capacity was investigated. In contrast, the thin electrode offered a fast electrosorption rate. A narrow spacing distance between a pair of electrodes exhibited a good electrosorption performance owing to relatively short ion diffusion distance and strong electric field strength. The present study demonstrates that a proper selection of the carbon electrode thicknesses and spacing for CDI cell assembly is critical to achieve a great electrosorption performance.
Correlation Between Genetic Resistance Factors and the Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes in MRSA Isolates of Animals and Humans
Authors: Abdulkadir Aliyu , Kabir Junaidu , Mohammed Bello , Olayinka Busayo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an infectious organism of public health significance has evolved to a genetically distinct community-acquired MRSA with extended resistance to other than β-lactams. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 participants handling 446 animals (240 horses & 206 companion animals). The isolates were characterized as S. aureus and MRSA with based on PCR detection of nuc, mecA or mecC, with further DNA sequencing of mepR, mepA, mepB, and sapep genes for correlation between these genes and the MRSA antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Results: Transcriptional profiling revealed that both animal and human MRSA isolates exhibited a gene cluster mepRAB (multidrug export protein gene), encoding a MarR-like transcriptional regulator (mepR), a M20/M25/M40 metallo-hydrolase protein gene (sapep) encoding resistance to biocides and carbapenems, and a hypothetical protein gene of unknown function (mepB). Conclusion: Extensive multidrug resistance for MRSA has been demonstrated in this study with similarity between the isolates in the pattern of resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance indices. This thus demonstrates possible resistance genes transfer and conferment of non-mec resistance mechanisms to MRSA in addition to the mec gene mechanism that allow the isolates repress beta-lactamases and use the efflux pumps against other antibiotics.
Small-for-gestational-age and determinants of HOMA indices, leptin and adiponectin in infancy
Authors: Huang Rong , He Hua , Nuyt Anne , Julien Pierre , Marc Isabelle , Levy Emile , Fraser William , LUO Zhong-Cheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background/Objective: Poor fetal growth “programs” an elevated risk of obesity and related metabolic dysfunctional disorders in adulthood. How this vulnerability was developed in early life remains unclear. We sought to assess whether small-for-gestational-age (SGA) - an indicator of poor fetal growth, is associated with altered metabolic health biomarkers in infancy and explore the determinants.Methods: This was a nested matched (1:2) study of 65 SGA (birth weight <10th percentile) and 130 optimal-for-gestational-age (OGA, 25th-75th) infants in the 3D birth cohort. The outcomes included homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-β), circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations at age 2 years.Results: HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were similar in SGA vs. OGA infants at age 2 years. Female sex and accelerated growth in length during mid-infancy (3-12 months) were associated with higher HOMA-IR. Caucasian ethnicity and decelerated growth in weight during late infancy (12-24 months) were associated with lower HOMA-IR. Decelerated growth in weight during mid-infancy was associated with lower HOMA-β. Circulating leptin was positively correlated with female sex and current BMI. Current BMI was positively correlated with circulating adiponectin in SGA infants only; each SD increase in BMI was associated with a 13.4% (4.0%-23.7%) increase in circulating adiponectin in SGA subjects.Conclusions: Insulin resistance and secretion, circulating leptin and adiponectin levels are normal in SGA subjects in infancy at age 2 years. The study is the first to report an SGA-specific positive correlation between current BMI and circulating adiponectin, suggesting dysfunctional adiposity-adiponectin negative feedback loop development during infancy in SGA subjects. This could be a mechanism in adverse metabolic programming in poor fetal growth.
Prediction and Evaluation of High-risk Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis Receiving Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy: An Early Criterion
Authors: Yang Chunmei , Guo Guanya , Li Bo , Zheng Linhua , Sun Ruiqing , Wang Xiufang , Deng Juan , Jia Gui , Zhou Xia , Cui Lina , Guo Changcun , Zhou Xinmin , Leung Patrick S C , Gershwin M Eric , Shang Yulong , Han Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsCurrent treatment guidelines recommend ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as the first line treatment for new-diagnosed primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. However, up to 40% patients are insensitive to UDCA monotherapy, and evaluation of UDCA response at 12 months may result in long period of ineffective treatment. We aimed to develop a new criterion to reliably identify non-response patients much earlier.Methods569 patients with an average of 59 months (Median:53; IQR:32–79) follow-up periods were randomly divided into either the training (70%) or the validation cohort (30%). The efficiency of different combinations of total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) threshold values to predict outcomes was assessed at 1, 3 or 6-month after the initiation of UDCA therapy. The endpoints were defined as adverse outcomes, including liver-related death, liver transplantation and complications of cirrhosis. Adverse outcome-free survival was compared using various published criteria and a proposed new criterion.ResultsA new criterion of evaluating UDCA responses at 1-month was established as: ALP≤2.5×upper limit of normal (ULN) and AST≤2×ULN, and TBIL≤1×ULN (Xi’an criterion). The 5-year adverse outcome-free survival rate of UDCA responders, defined by Xi’an criterion, was 97%, which was significantly higher than that of those non-responders (64%). An accurate distinguishing high-risk patients’ capacity of Xi’an criterion was confirmed in both early- or late-stage PBC.ConclusionsXi’an criterion has a similar or even higher ability to distinguish high-risk PBC patients than other published criteria. Xi’an criterion can facilitate early identification of patients requiring new therapeutic approaches.
Pre-clinical efficacy of CD20-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Wen Hairuo , Lou Xiaoyan , Qu Zhe , Qin Chao , Jiang Hua , Yang Ying , Kang Liqing , Geng Xingchao , Yu Lei , Huang Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground A 4-1BB/CD3-ζ-costimulated CAR-T against CD20 (CAR-T20) was subjected to a systemic efficacy evaluation in a cell coculture model, and NOD-SCID IL-2 receptor gamma null mice (short for NSG mice) were xenografted with human Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. Methods CAR-T20 cells were incubated with target cells (K562, K562 CD20 or Raji cells) at ratios of 10:1 and 5:1 for 24 h, and the killing rate was estimated by an LDH cytotoxicity assay. To evaluate the effect of CAR-T20 on the survival time of tumor-bearing animals, 30 NSG mice were employed, and Raji-Luc cells (5×105cells per mouse) were administered prior to CAR-T20 administration. The survival time, optical intensity of Raji-Luc cells, clinical symptoms, and body mass of the animals were observed. Another 144 male NSG mice were employed to investigate the proliferation and antitumor effects of CAR-T20. Human cytokine and murine cytokines were detected at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 and 90 days post-CAR-T administration, while biochemistry index analysis, T-cell and CAR-T-cell detection in peripheral blood, and histopathological examination were performed at 14, 28, 56 and 90 days post-administration. Results CAR-T20 cells had a specific killing effect on CD20-expressing cellsin vitro. At a dose of 1×106per mouse or above, CAR-T20 prolonged the median survival time from 14 days to more than 3 months, inhibited the proliferation of Raji cells in mice, and alleviated the clinical manifestations and weight loss caused by the Raji-Luc cell load. CAR-T20 at a dose of 2×106per mouse or above inhibited the proliferation of Raji cells in mice for up to 111 days post-administration without recurrence. The numbers of T cells and CAR-T cells in the animals administered CAR-T20 increased significantly when Raji cells were markedly proliferated and subsequently decreased when Raji cells were predominantly inhibited. CAR-T20 increased human IFN-γ, murine TNF and murine IL-6 levels and decreased human IL-10 levels in tumor-bearing mice. The incidences of xenografted tumors in organs/tissues were also reduced effectively by CAR-T20. Conclusion The effective dose of CAR-T20 in mice starts from 1×106per mouse, equivalent to a clinical dose of 5×106/kg. Together, our data support the clinical translation of CAR-T20 for R/R B-cell NHL patients.
Engineering Surveys of Sri Lankan Schools Exposed to Tsunami
Authors: Cels Jonas , Rossetto Tiziana , Dias Priyan , Thamboo Julian , Wijesundara Kushan , Baiguera Marco , Zoppo Marta Del 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami inflicted more than 35 ,000 casualties in Sri Lanka, a third of whom were children. It affected 5% of the country’s schools, severely damaging 108 and destroying 74. The catastrophe highlighted the critical role of schools in providing educational continuity and shelter during community recovery. Sri Lanka has since rehabilitated and rebuilt most of the destroyed schools along the coastline. However, there is a limited understanding of current levels of school exposure to tsunami. This limited understanding hampers preparedness and risk reduction interventions that can improve community and educational resilience to future tsunami. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary school exposure database relevant to both vulnerability and loss modelling. The repository includes data on 38 school and 85 classroom buildings, surveyed across the coastal districts of Ampara, Batticaloa and Galle in Sri Lanka, which were heavily affected by the 2004 tsunami. A new engineering rapid visual survey tool is presented that was developed and used to conduct the physical assessment of schools for the exposure repository. School damage mechanisms observed in past tsunami inform the survey forms, which are designed to capture information at both school complex and building levels. Though validated for Sri Lanka, the tsunami survey tools can be used worldwide for the visual assessment of school exposure to tsunami. The surveys show that most Sri Lankan school buildings can be classified into three building archetypes. This means that future risk assessments can be conducted considering a small number of index buildings that are based on these archetypes with differing partition arrangements and structural health conditions. The surveys also raise three significant concerns. Firstly, that most schools affected by the 2004 tsunami remain in the same exposed locations without any consideration for tsunami design or strengthening provisions. Secondly, that Sri Lankan schools are fragile to tsunami loading and that many of the schools in the Galle district are suffering from severe corrosion, which will further affect their vulnerability to tsunami. Thirdly, that schools do not appear prepared for future tsunami and other hazards, and do not have adequate evacuation protocol in place. These observations raise the urgent need to mitigate against tsunami risk, including a holistic plan for tsunami retrofitting and for interventions to improve the tsunami preparedness of schools in Sri Lanka.
Molecular epidemiology of Group B Streptococcus Isolates from Pregnant Women with Premature Rupture of Membranes in Fuzhou, China
Authors: Liang Bin , Chen Huiyu , Yu Donghong , Zhao Wantong , Qiu Huahong , Xu Liangpu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in late pregnancy is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm delivery, and may lead to ascending infection and neonatal early-onset disease. This study aims to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, serotypes, and molecular characterization of GBS strains in Fuzhou region of China.
Methods
A total of 140 GBS isolates were obtained from pregnant women with PROM. All isolates were genotyped, serotyped and tested for drug-resistance and virulence genes using PCR and DNA sequencing. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek® 2 automated system.
Results
Among the 140 GBS isolates, seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified, among which ST19 (20.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by ST862, ST10 and ST12. Three clonal complexes (CCs) were identified, namely, CC19, CC10 and CC1. The predominant serotype was III (45.7%), followed by V (23.6%), Ib (18.6%), Ia (7.1%), and II (3.6%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 72.8% (102/140). All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, quinupristin, linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline. The majority of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (72.1%), erythromycin (70.0%), and tetracycline (80.7%), and 28.6% of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Of the 98 erythromycin-resistant strains, mreA was detected in 100% (98/98), followed by ermB (70%, 69/98), mefA (49%, 48/98), mefE (22%, 22/98), ermA (13%, 13/98) and ermTR (9%, 9/98). No linB were detected among 101 clindamycin-resistant strains. Of the 114 tetracycline-resistant strains, tetM, tetK, tetL and tetO was detected in 52.6%, 61.4%, 7.9%, and 23.7%, respectively. For virulence genes detection, all strains carried rib and hylB, followed by bca (98.6%), and scpB (80.7%), whereas only one strain carried bac.
Conclusion
ST19/III and ST862/III were the most prevalent GBS subtypes. Penicillin G remains a first-line antibiotic for IAP and treatment of GBS infections. Three agents (clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline) should not be used as candidate alternatives for penicillin allergies in this region. Long-term, high-quality surveillance should be conducted to provide a foundation for GBS prevention strategies and vaccine development.
Mapping of a soybean rust resistance in PI 594756 at the Rpp1 locus
Authors: Barros Luciane Gomes , Avelino Bruna Barbosa , Silva Danielle Cristina Gregório da , Ferreira Everton Geraldo Capote , Castanho Fernanda Machado , Ferreira Marcio Elias , Lopes-Caitar Valeria Stefania , Marin Silvana Regina Rockenbach , Arias Carlos Alberto Arrabal , Lopes Ivani de Oliveira Negrão , Abdelnoor Ricardo Vilela , Marcelino-Guimarães Francismar Corrêa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the main disease affecting soybean production in Brazil. The plant introduction PI 594756 is a resistance source that has been employed in breeding for resistance to ASR in this country. This study aimed at investigating the resistance of the PI 594756 to a panel of P. pachyrhizi isolates and mapping its resistance in populations derived from the cross with the susceptible PI 594891. The PI 594756 and resistant varieties were inoculated with seven ASR monosporic isolates. F2 and F2:3 populations were tested against ASR in a greenhouse and used to map a resistance gene to a likely genomic location by means of bulked segregant analysis. Bulks were genotyped with Infinium BeadChips and the genomic region identified was saturated with target GBS (tGBS). PI 594756 presented a unique resistance profile compared to the differential varieties, being resistant to six isolates and immune to one. The resistance was visually monogenic dominant; however, it was classified as incompletely dominant when quantitatively studied. Genetic and QTL mapping placed the PI 594756 gene between chromosome (chr) 18 55,863,741 and 56,123,516. This position is slightly upstream mapping positionsof Rpp1 (PI 200492) and Rpp1-b (PI 594538A). Finally, we performed a haplotype analysis of a panel composed of Brazilian historical germplasm, sources of Rpp genes and resistant varieties and found SNPs that can successfully differentiated the new allele from PI 594756 from Rpp1 and Rpp1-b sources. The ﻿haplotype identified can be used as a tool for marker assisted selection.
Dialectical Inferences in the Construction of Social Domain Knowledge
Authors: Horn Axel , Castorina José Antonio , Barreiro Alicia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concept of dialectical inferences was proposed by Piaget to interpret the inferences arising in the coordination of meanings within the construction of cognitive novelties in physical and logical-mathematical phenomena. First, the different uses given to the concept of dialectics in Piagetian work will be analyzed, emphasizing the original meaning of the term “inferential dialectical”. Second, the results of a study on the construction of children's ideas about the right to privacy at school will be analyzed using the category of dialectical inferences. This study was based on interviews with thirty children between 7 and 12 years old living in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) to study the development of their ideas about this right. At the same time, we observed the school practices in which these children participate to characterize how students' personal information was treated at school. Thirdly, we propose a discussion on the construction of social knowledge, identifying the constructive activity of subjects and at the same time the peculiar interactions they sustain with social practices from which the object of knowledge is cut out.