bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vancomycin plus ceftaroline for persistent methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
Authors: Kufel Wesley D. , Parsels Katie A. , Blaine Bruce E. , Steele Jeffrey M. , Mahapatra Rahul , Paolino Kristopher M. , Thomas Stephen J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe preferred antibiotic salvage regimen for persistent methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MRSAB) is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vancomycin plus ceftaroline for persistent MRSAB. The primary outcome was time to MRSAB clearance post‐ceftaroline initiation. Secondary outcomes included microbiological cure, hospital length of stay, 90‐day readmission for MRSAB, 90‐day all‐cause mortality, MRSAB‐related mortality, and incidence of antibiotic‐associated adverse effects.DesignSingle‐center, retrospective cohort study between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021.SettingState University of New York Upstate University Hospital, a 748‐bed tertiary care, academic medical center in Syracuse, NY.PatientsAdult patients were included if they had blood cultures positive for MRSA ≥72 h, received vancomycin monotherapy initially, and received vancomycin plus ceftaroline for ≥24 h. Patients were excluded if they received other anti‐MRSA antibiotics, were pregnant, or were incarcerated. Of the 178 patients identified, 30 unique patients were evaluated.Measurements and Main ResultsPatients were medically complex with a median Pitt bacteremia score of 3, 63.3% (19/30) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 66.7% (20/30) had infective endocarditis. Vancomycin‐associated acute kidney injury was observed in 10% (3/30) of patients, which resulted in dose adjustments. No patients experienced ceftaroline‐associated neutropenia or Clostridioides difficile infection, but 6.7% (2/30) developed a rash attributed to ceftaroline. Median time to MRSAB clearance post‐ceftaroline initiation was 2.6 days. Microbiologic cure occurred in nearly all patients 96.7% (29/30). Median hospital length of stay was 19.5 days, and 6.7% (2/30) of patients had 90‐day readmission for MRSAB. 90‐day all‐cause mortality and MRSAB‐related mortality occurred in 26.7% (8/30) and 13.3% (4/30) of patients, respectively.ConclusionsVancomycin plus ceftaroline may represent an effective and well‐tolerated salvage regimen option for persistent MRSAB.
Proxy ratings of psychological well‐being in patients with primary brain tumors: A systematic review
Authors: Sannes Timothy S. , Yusufov Miryam , Amonoo Hermioni L. , Broden Elizabeth G. , Burgers Darcy E. , Bain Paul , Pozo‐Kaderman Cristina , Miran Damien M. , Smith Timothy S. , Braun Ilana M. , Pirl William F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review examined the agreement of proxy ratings of depression and anxiety in neuro‐oncology patients.MethodsSearches were conducted across 4 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science) to identify studies that compared proxy ratings (non‐health care providers) of anxiety and depression in patients with brain cancer. Methodological quality and potential risk of bias were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.ResultsOut of the 936 studies that were screened for inclusion, 6 were included for review. The findings were mixed in terms of whether patient and proxy ratings were accurate (e.g., deemed equivalent), with many of the selected studies suggesting moderate level of agreement for several of the selected studies and, when both depression and anxiety were included, depression ratings from proxy raters were more accurate than for anxiety. We identified important limitations across the selected articles, such as low sample size, clarity on defining proxy raters and the different instructions that proxy raters are given when asked to assess patients' mood symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that proxy ratings of depression and anxiety should be interpreted with caution. While there is some agreement in proxy and patients with brain cancer ratings of depression and anxiety (greater agreement for depression), future work should recruit larger samples, while also remaining mindful of defining proxy raters and the instructions given in collecting these ratings.
Biophysical characterization of full‐length TAR DNA‐binding protein (TDP‐43) phase separation
Authors: Staderini Tommaso , Bigi Alessandra , Mongiello Daniele , Cecchi Cristina , Chiti Fabrizio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin‐positive inclusions are associated with deposition of cytosolic inclusion bodies of TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) in brain and motor neurons. We induced phase separation of purified full‐length TDP‐43 devoid of large tags using a solution‐jump method, and monitored it with an array of biophysical techniques. The tetramethylrhodamine‐5‐maleimide‐ or Alexa488‐labeled protein formed rapidly (<1 min) apparently round, homogeneous and 0.5–1.0 μm wide assemblies, when imaged using confocal fluorescence, bright‐field, and stimulated emission depletion microscopy. The assemblies, however, had limited internal diffusion, as assessed with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and did not coalesce, but rather clustered into irregular bunches, unlike those formed by the C‐terminal domain. They were enriched with α‐helical structure, with minor contributions of β‐sheet/random structure, had a red‐shifted tryptophan fluorescence and did not bind thioflavin T. By monitoring with turbidimetry both the formation of the spherical species and their further clustering under different experimental conditions, we carried out a multiparametric analysis of the two phenomena. In particular, both processes were found to be promoted by high protein concentrations, salts, crowding agents, weakly by reducing agents, as the pH approached a value of 6.0 from either side (corresponding to the TDP‐43 isoionic point), and as the temperature approached a value of 31°C from either side. Important differences were found with respect to the TDP‐43 C‐terminal domain. Our multiparametric results also provide explanations to some of the solubility data obtained on full‐length TDP‐43 that were difficult to explain following the multiparametric analysis acquired on the C‐terminal domain.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel spiro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolines derivatives as potential insecticides
Authors: Yao Guangkai , Wang Mengfan , Li Benjie , Peng Hongxiang , Yang Shuai , Zhao Chen , Xu Hanhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDArylpyrazole insecticides display broad‐spectrum insecticidal activity against insect pests. However, the high toxicity toward honeybees associated with fipronil prohibits its agronomic utility. To explore reducing the toxicity of aryl pyrazole analogs to bees, a series of new spiro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized.RESULTSBioassay results showed that these compounds exhibited good insecticidal activity. In particular, the insecticidal activity of compound 5f against Plutella xylostella larvae (median lethal contentration, LC50 = 1.43 mg L−1) was equivalent to that of fipronil. Moreover, some compounds also showed good insecticidal activity against Solenopsis invicta. Importantly, the bee toxicity study confirmed that compound 5f had much lower acute oral toxicity, with a median lethal dose (LD50) = 1.15 μg bee−1 that was three to four orders of magnitude greater than that of fipronil (0.0012 μg bee−1). Electrophysiological studies were conducted using honeybee γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes to explain the reduced bee toxicity of compound 5f. The inhibitory effect of compound 5f (16.29 μmol L−1) was determined to be approximately 700‐fold lower than that of fipronil (0.023 μmol L−1).CONCLUSIONThese spiro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinazoline derivatives could be potential candidates and lead structures for the discovery of novel insecticides with low bee toxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Developing a systems‐based approach to research use in education
Authors: Maxwell Bronwen , Sharples Jonathan , Coldwell Mike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModels of research use in education tend to focus on specific elements of education systems or underplay the complexity of system change. Within other public policy areas, notably health, more work has been undertaken to integrate systems thinking when considering knowledge mobilisation and research use. In this paper, we survey public policy system change literature to develop a set of system dimensions. We use these to examine models relating to research use that are widely referenced in education. We then apply these dimensions to the work of the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF), the UK's What Works Centre for Education, which aims to support evidence‐informed practice at all levels of the education system. We focus on its work to embed research‐informed practices in regional school systems, through a case analysis of two ‘scale‐up campaigns’ to mobilise evidence relating to the effective deployment of teaching assistants (educational support paraprofessionals). The findings highlight the value of using the system dimensions framework as a diagnostic tool to understand how to effect system change, highlighting the key role of brokerage and system leadership at different system levels; school‐level capacity to implement change; and system relationships.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyCurrent approaches to supporting research use in education underplay the complexity of system change. Failure to acknowledge the complexity of research‐use systems is likely to result in less‐than‐optimal approaches and interventions to improve research use.Why the new findings matterBy applying a systems perspective, we explore how research use can be more effectively supported.Implications for educational researchers and policymakers
Research use emerges as a myriad of interconnected ‘moving parts’ that need to function optimally and be aligned. Weakness in any area of the system, or interactions between system actors and activities across system levels, can potentially impede research use.
A systems perspective, using the dimensions table presented in the paper, can be used to examine the functioning of existing systems and make informed decisions on where best to intervene to support practitioners’ use of research.
There is value in exploring multi‐stranded mobilisation strategies that work together at different levels of the system e.g. school, regional policy, national.
Combating coxsackievirus B infections
Authors: Alhazmi Abdulaziz , Nekoua Magloire Pandoua , Mercier Ambroise , Vergez Ines , Sane Famara , Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Hober Didier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoxsackieviruses B (CVB) are small, non‐enveloped, single‐stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. They are common worldwide and cause a wide variety of human diseases ranging from those having relatively mild symptoms to severe acute and chronic pathologies such as cardiomyopathy and type 1 diabetes. The development of safe and effective strategies to combat these viruses remains a challenge. The present review outlines current approaches to control CVB infections and associated diseases. Various drugs targeting viral or host proteins involved in viral replication as well as vaccines have been developed and shown potential to prevent or combat CVB infections in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Repurposed drugs and alternative strategies targeting miRNAs or based on plant extracts and probiotics and their derivatives have also shown antiviral effects against CVB. In addition, clinical trials with vaccines and drugs are underway and offer hope for the prevention or treatment of CVB‐induced diseases.
Critical regularity issues for the compressible Navier–Stokes system in bounded domains
Authors: Danchin Raphaël , Tolksdorf Patrick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe are concerned with the barotropic compressible Navier–Stokes system in a bounded domain of $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

(with $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

). In a critical regularity setting, we establish local well-posedness for large data with no vacuum and global well-posedness for small perturbations of a stable constant equilibrium state. Our results rely on new maximal regularity estimates—of independent interest—for the semigroup of the Lamé operator, and of the linearized compressible Navier–Stokes equations.
Effective Mass of the Polaron: A Lower Bound
Authors: Betz Volker , Polzer Steffen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe show that the effective mass of the Fröhlich Polaron is bounded below by $$c \alpha ^{2/5}$$

c

α

2
/
5

for some constant $$c>0$$

c
>
0

and for all coupling constants $$\alpha $$
α
. The proof uses the point process representation of the path measure of the Fröhlich Polaron.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta is Associated with Increased Risk of Extremity Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Wu Yu‐Tung , Lewis Meghan R. , Arase Miharu , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been used as a temporizing procedure to control intra‐abdominal or pelvic bleeding. Theoretically, occlusion of the aorta and the resulting ischemia–reperfusion of the lower extremities may increase the risk of extremity compartment syndrome (CS). To date, no study has addressed systematically the incidence and risk factors of CS following REBOA intervention. The purpose of this study was to address this knowledge gap.MethodsAdult trauma patients from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐TQIP) database (2016–2019) were included. Patients who received REBOA within 4 h of admission were compared to patients without REBOA after propensity score matching for demographics, vital signs on admission, comorbidities, injury severity of different body regions, pelvic and lower extremity fractures, vascular trauma to the lower extremities, fixation for fractures, angioembolization (AE) for pelvis, preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP), laparotomy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. The primary outcomes were rates of lower extremity CS and fasciotomy and acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary outcomes included mortality.ResultsThere were 534 patients who received REBOA matched with 1043 patients without REBOA. Overall, patients in the REBOA group had significantly higher rates of CS than no REBOA patients [5.4% vs 1.1%, p < 0.001, OR: 5.39]. The risk of CS remained significantly higher in the subgroups of patients with or without pelvic or lower extremity fractures, as well as in the subgroup of patients with associated extremity vascular injury [11.2% vs 1.5%, p < 0.001, OR: 8.12].The fasciotomy and AKI rates were significantly higher in the REBOA group (5.8% vs 1.2%, p < 0.001 and 12.9% vs 7.4%, p< 0.001 respectively).ConclusionREBOA use is associated with a higher risk of lower extremity CS, fasciotomy and AKI, especially in patients with associated lower extremity vascular injuries. These complications should be taken into account when considering REBOA use, and close observation for this complication should always be part of the routine monitoring.
Neurofilament light chains in serum as biomarkers of axonal damage in early MS lesions: a histological–serological correlative study
Authors: Dietmann Anne-Sophie , Kruse Niels , Stork Lidia , Gloth Mareike , Brück Wolfgang , Metz Imke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with axonal injury, and neurofilament light chains in serum (sNfL) are considered a biomarker for this damage. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sNfL and the axonal damage in early MS lesions in a special cohort of biopsied patients. sNfL from 106 biopsied patients with 26 follow-up samples were analyzed using single-molecule array (SiMoA) technology. Findings were correlated with clinical parameters and histological findings of acute axonal damage (APP-positive spheroids) and axonal loss in different lesion stages. A median of 59 pg/ml sNfL was found (range 8–3101 pg/ml). sNfL levels correlated with APP-positive spheroids in early active demyelinating lesions that represent the earliest lesion stages (p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation between sNfL levels in follow-up blood samples and axonal density in normal-appearing white matter was also observed (p = 0.02). sNfL levels correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Score at biopsy (p < 0.01, r = 0.49) and at last clinical follow-up (p < 0.01, r = 0.66). In conclusion, sNfL likely represent a compound measure of recent and ongoing neuroaxonal damage. We found that sNfL in biopsied MS patients correlate with acute axonal damage in the earliest MS lesion stages. Determination of sNfL levels thus allows insight into brain pathology and underlines the relevance of relapse-associated lesional pathology. Axonal loss in normal-appearing white matter contributes to sNfL levels independent of relapses. Since sNfL levels correlate with clinical disability, they may predict the future disability of patients and help with individual treatment decisions.
AREP: an adaptive, machine learning-based algorithm for real-time anomaly detection on network telemetry data
Authors: Farkas Karoly 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAbnormal behaviour detection is an essential task of real-time monitoring to secure the reliable operation of ICT infrastructures. This paper presents AREP, an adaptive, long short-term memory-based machine learning algorithm for real-time anomaly detection on network telemetry data. AREP is an improved version of Alter-Re$$^2$$

2

, the direct predecessor algorithm developed by our research team. AREP introduces automatic tuning of its two key parameters and includes an offset compensation component to increase accuracy. Unfortunately, AREP and its predecessors perform well only on time series showing specific patterns. Thus, we propose also a data type classification method to identify patterns on which AREP performs best. Moreover, we use an extended range of metrics in our performance evaluations, including area under the curve (AUC). AUC computation is based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. However, generating ROC curves is not straightforward due to the inherent adaptive threshold technique used by AREP and its predecessors, so we had to develop a novel ROC curve generation approach for these algorithms. We show through rigorous experiments that on network time series following specific data patterns AREP overperforms its predecessors and produces similar or even better performance than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Temperature sensor integrated curl resonator chipless RFID tag for high capacity data identification applications
Authors: Malhat Hend A. , El-Refaay Esraa A. , Zainud-Deen Saber H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a compact multi-bits chipless RFID tag using fully printed resonators with dual performance of tagging and sensing temperature. Each bit is modelled as curl resonator coupled to microstrip line and is printed on metal-backed Rogers RO4003 substrate. The proposed model is characterized by high attenuation of − 10 dB with narrow bandwidth and power reflection of − 3.2 dB. A parametric study on the effect of the tag dimensions of the transmission coefficient response is introduced. The resonance frequency of each bit is controlled via controlling the curl arm’s length. The multi-bits RFID tag is modelled using multi-curl resonators arranged next to microstrip line with different arm lengths. A multi-bits chipless RFID tags with 3-bits, 6-bits and 12-bits are designed in the frequency band from 3 to 7 GHz. The dimensions of 6-bits code are 60 × 17 mm2and for 12-bits code are 29.75 × 34 mm2. A temperature sensing capability is achieved via integrated Stanyl polyamide material with the curl resonator. The first bit is used for temperature sensing while the other bits are used for data encoding. The proposed chipless RFID tags are simulated using commercial software based on well defined numerical techniques; i.e. high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) based on finite element method (FEM) and verified with CST-microwave studio (CST-MWS) based on the finite integral technique (FIT).
Do sentiments of professors feedback change after migrating from in-person to online modalities? Pre- and during COVID-19 experience
Authors: Rodríguez-Galván Lilia Carolina , Abbas Asad , Ar Anil Yasin , Garza-González Beatriz , Alonso-Galicia Patricia Esther 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions to alter how they offer classes at an unprecedented pace. Due to ambiguities and lockdown restrictions, the transition phase negatively impacted students’ and professors emotions. As a result, lecturers had to cope with unfamiliar online class teaching responsibilities and develop new teaching dynamics. This work aims to analyze one of the most adversely affected procedures of teaching, the written feedback provided to students. This research strives to explore whether the professors’ feedback style altered from face-to-face education to online education on digital platforms during the COVID-19 restrictions. This exploratory-design study uses a mixed methodology to explain the subject on hand based on data collected from 117 undergraduate students. Sentiment lexicographers are utilized to address and identify the emotions expressed in the texts. Trust was the most frequent emotion expressed in face-to-face and online courses. It is also observed that the sentiments of joy and sadness changed significantly among online and face-to-face groups based on the professors’ feedback style and approach. Finally, the study reveals that the joy words and the sadness words associated with the learning process are the most commonly utilized sentiments. This study suggests that when the courses transitioned from face-to-face to online learning, the professors’ feedback changed to a more positive feeling that expressed appreciation for the students’ work, encouraging them to strive for their complete academic development, and usher them into a better learning environment.