bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Effect of Chamomile and Mefenamic Acid on Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptoms and Menstrual Bleeding: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shabani Fatemeh , Narenji Fereshteh , Vakilian Katayon , Zareian Mohammad Ali , Bozorgi Mahbubeh , Bioos Soodabeh , Nejatbakhsh Fatemeh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Dysmenorrhea in young women reduces their quality of life.

Objectives:
This research reviewed the impact of chamomile sachet and mefenamic acid on primary dysmenorrhea, its relevant symptoms as well as bleeding.

Methods:
Two hundred female students afflicted with primary dysmenorrhea from Arak universities were randomly assigned to two groups and participated in this randomized clinical trial. The first group (A) received mefenamic acid (250 mg) and the second group (B) received chamomile (5000 mg) three times a day in two consecutive cycles from two days before up to the first three days after menstruation. Intensity of pain, related symptoms and bleeding were evaluated by visual analog scale, Andersch-Milsom Verbal Scale and Higham chart, respectively. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 21.

Results:
Severe pain lasting two months after intervention was observed in 6 subjects (6.3%) of group (B) as well as 6 participants (6.3%) in group (A) (p=0.351, p=0.332). Two months after treatment, mean severity of related symptoms was 4.93±3.54 in group (B) and 5.62±3.54 in group (A), which shows further reduction of pain in group (B) that was not significant (p=0.278). Two months later, mean of bleeding was 88.71±66.4 and 70.54 ±53. 34 in group (B) and (A), respectively. Thus, the decrease of pain in the two groups was not significant (p=0.567).

Conclusion:
It appears that chamomile sachet can decrease the severity of pain and bleeding, which is similar to the effect of mefenamic acid and even further alleviates the symptoms of dysmenorrhea.
(IRCT code no. 20161008250B1N5).
MCP1, CRP and Procalcitonin as Novel Diagnostic Markers in Cirrhotic Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Mohamed Amal Ahmed , Salah Wafaa , Hassan Mohamed Badr , Eldeeb Hala H. , Adaroas Ahmed Sobhy , Khattab Rania Abdelmonem , Abostate Heba M. , Soliman Moataz Yousry , Habba Eslam , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Abo-Amer Yousry Esam-Eldin 
Published: August 2022

Background & Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate serum c-reactive protein (CRP), ascitic procalcitonin (PCT) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analytic study that included 199 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (101 with SBP and 98 without SBP). Patients were classified according to Child-Pugh criteria. Ascitic PCT and MCP-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum CRP, liver and renal functions were assessed.

Results:
Three markers are significantly elevated in SBP patients than those without ascites. Using the ROC curve at AUC 0.883 and a cut-off value of >186 ng/ml, the diagnostic performance of ascitic MCP-1 level was higher than CRP (AUC 0.562) and ascitic fluid procalcitonin (AUC 0.751) in the diagnosis of SBP. The sensitivity and specificity were 86.15% and 79.59% at the cutoff of 186 ng/ml for MCP-1, 65.4 and 75.5 at ≥ 1 ng/ml for PCT, and 52.5 and 64.3, respectively for at 11.2 mg/dl CRP.

Conclusion:
Ascitic MCP-1 has a better diagnostic value with higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis SBP compared to CRP and procalcitonin which has higher diagnostic accuracy than CRP. Further studies with a large number will be necessary to evaluate the usefulness of these markers in diagnosis, follow-up and relation to morbidity and mortality of SBP patients.
Heavy Metal Removal with NanoTiO2/Chitosan Modified Poly(Vinylidene
Chloride)
Authors: Attia Yasser A. , Ahmed Sadeaka A. , El-Bordiny Mahmoud M. , El-Sebaay Abdellatif S. , El-Ella Amr A. , El-Din Mohamed A. Tag 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Heavy metal contamination of water resources has been identified as one of the
most serious environmental issues. Chemical modification of hydrophobic polymer matrices is another
approach for changing their surface properties for water treatment. The addition of nanoparticles to polymers alters surface characteristics such as adsorption capacity, adhesion, catalytic ability, and wettability
to heavy metals in wastewater.

Objective:
Evaluation of the nanomodified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer as a heavy metal adsorbent
from wastewater.

Methods:
In the field of emission discharges from industries and domestic wastes that contain unknown
inorganic pollutants by PVC using grafting chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites. The characterization of different thin films was performed using TEM, XRD, and FTIR. The metal concentrations were measured by
using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES).

Results:
Nanomodification of PVC was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. The presence of chlorine in
the PVC structure before and after the nanomodification is confirmed by the presence of a peak at 690 cm-1
attributed to the axial deformation of the C-Cl bond. The nanomodified PVC showed an ion exchange
capacity of 1.27 mmol-1
, and efficiently removed the heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The heavy
metal removal effectiveness (R) was improved by increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. The
amount adsorbed per gram of adsorbent (Qe) was computed and revealed that the amount of adsorption
increased for nanomodified PVC thin film as compared to 100% PVC thin film. The nanomodified PVC
thin film showed high stability for 4 cycles of use. This improvement has been attributed to the nanomodified PVC polymer's large surface area (ranging from 0.3 to 282 m2
/g).

Conclusion:
The modification of PVC with nanoparticles increases the cost of PVC thin film by 15%.
However, it offers efficiency 3 times than the original PVC.
Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of 0.1 Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 -0.9 Bi3LaTi3O12
Nanocomposite Prepared by Semi-Wet Route
Authors: Gautam Pooja , Bharti Arvind Kumar , Tewari Anurag , Mandal Kam Deo 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:
A chemical formula of nanocomposite 0.1 Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 -0.9 Bi3LaTi3O12 (BCLT-19) was prepared by semiwet route using metal nitrate and solid TiO2. The phase formation of Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (BCT) and Bi3LaTi3O12 (BLT) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study.

METHOD:
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed a nano particle of size 14 ± 5 nm on average for BCLT-19 composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images exhibited a tubular, spherical and heterogeneous structure of grains. The root means square roughness, average roughness and maximum area peak height were explained by atomic force microscopy (AFM).

RESULT:
Study of magnetic properties was determined as weak antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic and in nature. The high dielectric constant (ε' = 3147 at 100Hz to 500 K) of BCLT-19 may be due to the existence of space charge polarization.

CONCLUSION:
In this manuscript have studies on the novel composite materials of BCLT-19 micro-structural properties. This is useful for future Random-access memory devices and dielectric materials,
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit against Salmonella typhi
Authors: Ni Made Riris Divayani Aristyantari  , Ni Ketut Ayu Juliasih  , Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati  , I Nyoman Arsana  
Published: August 2022

Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit has been used in Bali traditional medicine to treat typhoid fever. The fruit contains flavonoids and triterpenoids which are considered to have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi L. fruit. The ethanolic extract was prepared by maceration and antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method against Salmonella typhi cultured on Mueller hinton agar (MHA). Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control and sterile distilled water as negative control. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi L. fruit at various concentrations of 25; 50; 75 and 100% have an inhibition zone diameter of 0 ± 0; 13.000 ± 1.414; 18.750 ± 1.500 and 20.250 ± 1.707 mm, respectively. In addition, ciprofloxacin at concentration of 1 mg/L has an inhibition zone diameter of 34.250 ± 1.892 mm. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi L. fruit has strong antibacterial activity against S. typhi.
CONSERVATION HISTORY OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE SITES IN CAPPADOCIA
Authors: SOLMAZ ŞAKAR Funda 
Published: August 2022

Conservation activities of cultural heritage in Turkey were started in the late 19th century and accelerated after the second half of 20th century. In this context, inventory and registration activities were started, site and boundary definitions were carried out and administrative and organizational institutions were structured throughout the country.
These conservation activities were also expanded in Cappadocia, one of the Turkey’s first region that a National Park Long-Term Development Plan was prepared for in 1968. Moreover, boundary of conservation sites was determined in regional scale and inventory recordings of single buildings were carried out by the decision of High Council for Historic Real Estate and Monuments in 1976. Designation as a World Heritage Site in 1985, then as a National Park in 1986 strengthened the conservation status of the Cappadocia in terms of national and international level. However there has been number of regulations done through the 1990s and 2000s in the scope of conservation of the site, a special conservation law for the Cappadocia came into force in 2019.
In this study, Cappadocia as a significant cultural and natural heritage site were discussed regarding the conservation approaches and processes. The conservation history of the site was analyzed by subdividing into several periods by taking into consideration of the country’s general conservation and administrative aspects. Thus, it could be possible to monitor the conservation of Cappadocia, one of the first World Heritage Site of Turkey, in the context of historical continuity.
In order to establish a holistic approach for the conservation history of Cappadocia, decisions of the conservation councils, institutional archives, expert reports of Ministries, official reports of the meetings, structuring conditions of the plans were examined and evaluated in this study.
The Transition from a Compensatory Increase to a Decrease in C-peptide During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relation to Risk
Authors: Ismail Heba M , Cuthbertson David , Gitelman Stephen E. , Skyler Jay S. , Steck Andrea K. , Rodriguez Henry , Atkinson Mark , Nathan Brandon M. , Redondo Maria J. , Herold Kevan C , Evans-Molina Carmella , DiMeglio Linda A , Sosenko Jay 
Published: August 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Objective</p>
<p>To define the relationship between glucose and C-peptide during the progression to type 1 diabetes.</p>
<p>Research Design and Methods</p>
<p>We longitudinally studied glucose and C-peptide response curves (GCRCs), area under curve (AUC) glucose and AUC C-peptide from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), and Index60 (which integrates OGTT glucose and C-peptide values) in Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1; n=72) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (TNPTP; n=82) participants who had OGTTs at baseline and follow-up timepoints before diagnosis. </p>
<p>Results</p>
<p>Similar evolutions of GCRC configurations were evident between DPT-1 and TNPTP from baseline to 0.5 years pre-diagnosis. Whereas AUC glucose increased throughout from baseline to 0.5 years pre-diagnosis, AUC C-peptide increased from baseline until 1.5 years pre-diagnosis (DPT-1: p=0.004; TNPTP: p=0.012) and then decreased from 1.5 years to 0.5 years pre-diagnosis (DPT-1: p=0.017; TNPTP: p=0.093). This change was mostly attributable to change in the late AUC C-peptide response (i.e., 60-to-120-minute AUC C-peptide). Median Index60 values of DPT-1 (1.44) and TNPTP (1.05) progressors to type 1 diabetes 1.5 years pre-diagnosis (time of transition from increasing to decreasing AUC C-peptide) were used as thresholds to identify individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes in the full cohort at baseline (5-year risk of 0.75-0.88 for those above thresholds). Conclusions</p>
<p>A transition from an increase to a decrease in AUC C-peptide approximately 1.5 years pre-diagnosis was validated in two independent cohorts. The median Index60 value at that timepoint can be used as a pathophysiologic-based threshold for identifying individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes.</p>
Educación a distancia en tiempos de la covid-19, condiciones de infraestructura académica
Authors: García Lozano Rodolfo Zolá , Morales Ramírez Alejandra , Amador Reyes Juan de Jesús , Hidalgo Cortés Cuauhtémoc 
Published: August 2022

En esta investigación se consideró relevante presentar un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y exploratorio-descriptivo sobre las barreras de infraestructura y los problemas que enfrentaron los jóvenes en su formación académica durante el periodo de educación a distancia por la pandemia de covid-19. Específicamente, se analizaron las condiciones de infraestructura tecnológica disponibles en los hogares. La información se obtuvo por medio un cuestionario de 23 preguntas aplicado a 152 estudiantes de una universidad pública del Estado de México. Los resultados muestran que 3 % de la comunidad estudiantil no contaba con equipo de cómputo, mientras que 70 % compartía el equipo con algún miembro de su familia. A pesar de que solo 7 % no contaba con conexión a internet, el resto de los participantes indicaron tener problemas frecuentes con este servicio (bajo ancho de banda, intermitencia o falla con el suministro eléctrico). Aunado a lo anterior, los estudiantes externaron haber tenido problemas frecuentes con las características de sus equipos de cómputo, con los canales de comunicación, el incumplir los horarios establecidos de clases y la actitud de los docentes, así como con el exceso de actividades académicas y el poco tiempo para realizarlas. En conclusión, se establece que la aplicación de la educación a distancia requiere un análisis multidimensional de la problemática de implementación, a fin de asegurar que los estudiantes reciban una educación de calidad.
تسوية منازعات العقد الألكتروني الدولي عن طريق تحديد ‏الإختصاص القضائي الدولي للنظر فيها وفقاً للقانون العراقي
Authors: Ali Younis S. 
Published: August 2022

إن الاختصاص القضائي الدولي هو ولاية المحاكم الوطنية في نظر المنازعات ذات العنصر الأجنبي. وقواعد الاختصاص القضائي الدولي للمحاكم العراقية هي مجموعة القواعد القانونية التي تحدد ولاية المحاكم الوطنية في نظر المنازعات ذات العنصر الأجنبي، تجاه غيرها من المحاكم الأجنبية للدول الأخرى، وتستند على مجموعة من الضوابط تعرف بضوابط الإختصاص القضائي الدولي للمحاكم العراقية. وجدير بالذكر فإن العقد الإلكتروني هو إتفاق يتلاقى فيه الإيجاب بالقبول على شبكة دولية مفتوحة للإتصال عن بعد وذلك بوسيلة مسموعة مرئية وبفضل التفاعل بين الموجب والقابل. ويتحدد الإختصاص القضائي الدولي لتسوية المنازعات المتعلقة به في القانون العراقي بضابط الإختصاص القضائي الدولي التقليدي الذي ينعقد به الإختصاص للمحاكم العراقية بمقتضى الفقرة (ج) من المادة (15) من القانون المدني العراقي. على الرغم من أننا حاولنا في هذه الدراسة أن نسند الإختصاص القضائي الدولي للمحاكم العراقية للنظر في تسوية منازعات العقد الإلكتروني الدولي إلى بعض الضوابط التي نص عليها قانون التوقيع الإلكتروني والمعاملات الإلكترونية رقم (78) لسنة 2012
Route Discovery Development for Multiple Destination Using Artificial Ant Colony
Authors: Ismail Reem J. , Shukur Mohammed H. , Ismael Samar J. 
Published: August 2022

Smart cities need a smart applications for the citizen, not just digital devices. Smart applications will provide a decision-making to users by using artificial intelligence. Many real-world services for online shopping and delivery systems were used and attracted customers, especially after the Covid-19 pandemics when people prefer to keep social distance and minimize social places visiting. These services need to discover the shortest path for the delivery driver to visit multiple destinations and serve the customers. The aim of this research is to develop the route discovery for multiple-destination by using ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning. ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning develops the Google MAP application to optimize the route when it is used for multiple destinations and when the route is updated with a new destination. The results show improvement in the multiple destination route discovery when the shortest path and the sequence order of cities are found. In conclusion, the ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning simulation results could be used with the Google Map application and provide an artificial decision for the citizen of Erbil city. Finally, we discuss our vision for future development.
As políticas de desenvolvimento profissional do docente universitário em cinco universidades federais do Sul do Brasil: concepções e desafios
Authors: Trindade Silva Selbach Paula , Luce Maria Beatriz 
Published: August 2022

As políticas de desenvolvimento profissional do docente universitário constituem-se em uma das possibilidades de construir uma pedagogia que melhor corresponda aos desafios assumidos pelas universidades públicas em nosso País. Nesse sentido, buscamos compreender as concepções que sustentam as políticas de desenvolvimento profissional docente de cinco universidades do Sul do Brasil. Para tal, destacamos as principais similaridades e diferenças entre as propostas institucionais com relação aos seus objetivos e público-alvo, anotando possíveis desafios a serem enfrentados para a consolidação dessas propostas. A metodologia empreendida foi o estudo de casos múltiplos. Inicialmente, foi realizada a análise dos documentos que regulamentam a organização e o funcionamento dessas políticas e, em seguida, os dados foram complementados com a realização de oito entrevistas com gestores e servidores responsáveispor planejar as ações dessas políticas. É possível afirmar que todas as instituições que fizeram parte deste estudo compreendem que o processo de desenvolvimento profissional docente não pode ser dissociado do desenvolvimento da própria universidade. Os principais desafios referem-se ao envolvimento dos docentes estáveis com essas políticas e a articulação entre instâncias estruturais da organização e do trabalho docente como cursos e departamentos.
The main criteria for distinguishing between the public law and private law
Authors: Daraganova Nina 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues concerning the distinction between the public law and private law. It is established that most scholars agree with the expediency of dividing the law into two subsystems – private law and public law. It was found that the main criteria for distinguishing between the public law and private law, such as: 1) the nature of the dominant interest; 2) the difference in the subjects of legal relations; 3) the difference in the method of legal regulation.
Thus, the criterion of the nature of the dominant interest, allows to distinguish public law, which protects the general, state, public interests, public goods, important not for the individual but for the society, country as a whole. Instead, in private law, the personality interests of the individual (persons) are dominant. The difference in the subjects of legal relations is manifested in the fact that in public law the subject is a person who joins them to exercise their public authority, instead, in private law, a person can exercise the right to enter into legal relations at his own discretion, and the change or termination of private law relations, as a rule, depends entirely on the will of their participants. The difference in the method of legal regulation is manifested in the fact that public law tends to obligations, and private law tends to permits.
It is proved that public and private law are two sides of the same coin, which exist in inseparable unity and interdependence, and a clear example of this is the area of labor protection, where legal regulation is both private and public.
Employees’ performance-based remuneration (Korean and Chinese practices)
Authors: Lutsenko Olena 
Published: August 2022

In world practice, tariff-free and flexible remuneration systems are used. Remuneration systems based on the results of employee performance evaluation are becoming especially relevant. The author has believed that such an experience would be useful for Ukraine, as there is an unfair distribution of the salary fund at domestic enterprises.
The author has argued that the basis of remuneration should be based on the labour results of employees, their achievements and high qualifications and professionalism. It has long been necessary to move away from “equalization” in remuneration, because everyone performs the same duties differently, and therefore remuneration should be different. That is why I turned to the experience of Japan and China, because it is in these countries that such an approach has always been used, and therefore their practice can be useful for Ukraine.
In Japan and China remuneration has been based on the results of employee performance appraisals for a long time. These countries have developed special methods of calculating wages, which take into account many indicators.
Raising flexibility of compensation system is emerging as a big social issue.
Korea is facing rapidly aging population and deteriorating corporate competitiveness. Companies in Korea attempted to improve the pay structure by increasing the performance-based factors within the existing pay structure, the best example being the “annual salary system.” For individual companies, converting the current automatic pay raise scheme into a performance-based scheme will help ease the rigidity of the current pay structure. The prerequisite is that fairness must be ensured when evaluating performance. Responsibilities should also be allocated appropriately to allow equal opportunities for all individuals to make the best use of their skills and talents and adequate investment should be made to develop necessary human resources. Improvement in the overall work system should precede the move toward broader implementation of the performance-based pay structure.
Pay for performance programs in China are compensation plans that pay employees on the basis of some performance measure. This performance measures might include such things as individual productivity, team or work group productivity, department productivity, or the overall organization’s profits for a given period. Performance measure and management is essential for implementing performance-based compensation system effectively and efficiently.