bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocycloaddition as a Tool for Modulation of the Lower Critical Solution Temperature in a Molecular π‐System to Control Transmission of Solar Radiation
Authors: Das Satyajit , Patra Dipak , Shankar Sreejith , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiels–Alder photocycloaddition, a well‐known textbook reaction, has not been explored in materials chemistry. Herein we describe how this classical photochemistry can be used to modulate the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of a molecular π‐system, which can further be exploited for the controlled transmission of solar radiation for the management of indoor heat and light. An amphiphilic anthracene derivative 9‐PA‐1 exhibited LCST behavior at 27–32 °C with a reversible transition from a transparent to an opaque phase in water (1–5 mM). Irradiation of a toluene solution of 9‐PA‐1 with 365 nm light resulted in a [4+2] photocycloadduct 9‐PA‐2, which exhibited a modulated LCST behavior at 25–27 °C, at a concentration as low as 6 μM. The photocycloaddition of 9‐PA‐1 was significantly retarded in water, making it a stable candidate for the design of sustainable smart windows. We also demonstrated 100 cm2 smart window prototypes (ΔTlum 82 %, ΔTIR 68 %, ΔTsol 73 %) with more than 1000 cycles of stable operation.
Bifunctional metal–organic frameworks afforded by postsynthetic modification for efficient cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Cui‐Li , Chen Le , Zhu Cai‐Yong , Li Peng , Li Ji‐Yang , Liu Jie‐Ping , Zhang Xiu‐Mei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBifunctional ionic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing Lewis acid sites (unsaturated metal sites) and halide ions (Cl−, Br−, and I−) have attracted increasing attention due to their extra high activity for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. Herein, a novel microporous MOF (1‐Eu), namely, [Eu3(L)2(HCOO)(H2O)5]·14H2O (H4L = 2,6‐di(2,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐4‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)pyridine), has been synthesized by using a new bipyridyl‐based tetracarboxylate ligands (H4L). Structural analyses show that 1‐Eu is a 3D framework in which 1D chains with alternating triple and single carboxylate bridges are interlinked by the L ligands and contains microporous channels with uncoordinated pyridyl N atoms, which are easy to be modified by N‐methylation. Therefore, three bifunctional N‐methylation 1‐Eu MOFs, 1‐Eu‐MeX (X = Cl−, Br−, and I−), were successfully prepared from the 1‐Eu MOF by a postsynthetic modification (PSM) method. 1‐Eu‐MeX can efficiently catalyze the cycloaddition reaction without any cocatalyst and solvent. Among them, the 1‐Eu‐MeI catalyst displays the highest catalytic performance. Our work thus represents a rare demonstration of ionic MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts for efficient CO2 fixation with epoxides. More significantly, 1‐Eu‐MeX are the first reported Eu‐based ionic MOFs with the bipyridyl‐based tetracarboxylate ligand.
Mixed Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Efficient Semi‐Solid Electrolytes for Magnesium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hassan Hagar K. , Farkas Attila , Varzi Alberto , Jacob Timo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the main issues of metal organic framework (MOF)‐based solid electrolytes (SE) is their high guest solvent content reaching up to >50 wt% of the total mass of SE pellets. The presence of large solvent amounts reduces the SE hardness and the electrochemical stability in presence of a magnesium (Mg) anode. Moreover, this often leads to misleading ionic conductivity values. In the present work, a strategy to minimize the guest solvent in MOF‐based SE from 44–55 wt% to 20–30 wt% of the total SE's mass is presented. Moreover, mixed metal organic frameworks of different structures and crystallinity are demonstrated for the first time to enhance the ionic conductivity of Mg2+ ions inside the MOFs’ structures. The presence of both highly crystalline and amorphous MOFs increases the degree of disorder in the mixture and consequently opens up extra pathways for Mg2+ ion diffusion. The ionic conductivity of mixed MOFs [amorphous Mgbp3dc and crystalline α‐Mg3(HCOO)6] showed an enhanced value of 3.8×10−5 S cm−1 at 30 °C compared to 1.1×10−6 S cm−1 for α‐Mg3(HCOO)6. Mixed MOF‐SEs with a transference number (t+) of 0.335 showed a good stability in the presence of Mg electrodes with an enhanced reversibility upon galvanostatic cycling.
Variation of the Fluorescence Decay Time of a Molecule in Front of a Mirror
Authors: Drexhage K. H. , Kuhn H. , Schäfer F. P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe out‐going wave‐front of a radiating oscillator (e. g. a Hertzian dipole) is disturbed by a reflecting surface. The resulting interference phenomenon affects the radiated power, which thus depends on the distance between oscillator and mirror. If this concept is applied to the emission of light by molecules, a dependence of the fluorescence decay time on the distance between excited molecule and mirror is to be expected.This effect has been investigated for the case of monomolecular layers of an europium dibenzoylmethane complex, which are kept in a definite distance from an evaporated metal surface (gold, silver or aluminum) by cadmiumarachidate layers. Exciting with a flash of 366 nm light the intense red fluorescence (λ = 612 nm) of the europium ion is observed. The fluorescence follows an exponential decay law over at least two decades with a decay time of roughly 1 msec. The expected variation of the decay time with distance from the mirror is verified by the experiment. The decay time is lengthened or shortened in close agreement with the above theory, except for small distances, where energy transfer processes occur.The mirror affects only the radiating process, while the probabilities for non‐radiating desactivation processes remain unaltered. Thus the quantum yield of fluorescence of the emitting state can be determined, which is an otherwise hardly accessible quantity.
Understanding circular economy transitions: The case of circular textiles
Authors: Reike Denise , Hekkert Marko P. , Negro Simona O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe circular economy has been proposed to transform global textile supply chains which are currently challenged by a complex nexus of sustainability issues related to the dominant fast fashion trend. Research on circular economy in the textile sector often focuses on businesses or consumers as key enablers incircular transitions, yet it treats them as independent entities and thereby neglects the study of interactions that can provide insight at the systems level. The proclaimed “circular textile mission” in the Netherlands setting a national target for 100% circularity by 2050 is used as case study to address this research gap. We explore the circular textile transition processes found in the context of the Dutch mission and compare the development and interactions among various technical and non‐technological solutions produced by engaged actor constellations for assessing key factors driving and blocking the overall mission fulfilment. To these ends, we derive a theoretical framework based on innovation system theory and conceptualize the Dutch circular textile transition as aMission‐oriented Innovation System(MIS). Analyzing the structure and functioning of the Dutch mission‐oriented innovation system, we show that (1) there is a good match between the formal Dutch circular textile mission and system actor perceptions; (2) system actors have formed structures around three dominantsolution trajectoriesin the Dutch system: secondhand, mechanical recycling, and chemical recycling; (3) these trajectories expose distinct key virtuous and vicious cycles, which characterize (4) the entire system as formative. Overall, the secondhand trajectory shows most developed structures and most positive dynamics, chemical recycling carries most technological breakthrough potential, whereas mechanical recycling is a mature technology but lacks market demand and supply. We compare the three solution trajectories, discuss the disruptive nature of the Dutch circular textile transition, and suggest installing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a potential intervention for accelerating system transformation. The study concludes with reflections on the case learnings and considerations for further research on mission‐oriented innovation systems.
A systematic approach to reduce intraocular pressure for the treatment of glaucoma
Authors: Huang Yi‐Lun , Hsu Yu‐Ling , Yu Ya‐Chu , Huang Hong‐Yan , Tsai Ren‐Hao , Cheng Yao‐Tien , Chou Yi‐Ling , Sun Sheng‐Yan , Wang Li‐An , Lin Jia‐Yi , Chen Chao‐Chung , Hung Jia‐Horung , Ng I‐Son 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye. We have developed a novel treatment option for glaucoma based on a real‐time IOP‐dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and packed in a therapeutic contact lens to reduce the IOP. First, 1.6 nmole nitric oxide was produced from the genetic chassis, which was optimized for isopropyl β‐d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction in a T7 expression system. For biosafety concerns to human being, the csgAD genes responsible for curli biofilm formation in Escherichia coli were co‐expressed with NOS in the designated NOSAD strain to strengthen the adherence of cells to the contact lens, thereby preventing the contamination into the eyes. Moreover, NOSAD is a diaminopimelic acid (DAP) auxotrophic strain, which cannot survive without supplementation of DAP and reached the critical consideration of biosafety to the environment. We also demonstrated that the nitric oxide diffusion was 3.6‐times enhanced from penetration into the aqueous humor of porcine eyes. The deformation ratio of the contact lens was correlated to the change of IOP by using a digital image correlation (DIC) system in a porcine eye model. The novel systematic approach provides an alternative treatment for glaucoma patients in the future.
DeepORCA: Realistic crowd simulation for varying scenes
Authors: Li Yaqiang , Mao Tianlu , Meng Ruoyu , Yan Qinyuan , Wang Zhaoqi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCrowd simulation is a challenging problem, aiming to generate realistic pedestrians motions in virtual environment. Nowadays, ORCA is a widely used simulation algorithm in practice because of its stable and efficient performance. However, this algorithm cannot regenerate continuity and diversity of pedestrian motions in real data, leading to defects in motion fidelity. Otherwise, trajectory prediction methods based on deep learning have progressed in real pedestrians movement patterns mining. However, they are rarely applied in simulation due to the lack of ability to avoid collision and adapt to manufactured scenarios. Our work proposes a simulation method DeepORCA that integrates ORCA with a CVAE‐based velocity probability generator, which can model motion continuity, variable intentions, and scene semantics. Moreover, DeepORCA converts the velocity optimization into quadratic programming, which accelerates the calculation while maintaining the collision‐avoidance ability of ORCA. In the experiments of real and artificial scenes, our method produces more realistic crowd simulation results than ORCA quantitatively and qualitatively, while keeps the computational efficiency at the same order of magnitude.
Potential proteomic alteration in the brain of Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur mice: A new pathogenesis insight of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wen An , Chai Wen , Liang Huiting , Tang Chunyan , Gan Weiming , Xu Renshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. The recent studies have suggested that the protein abnormalities could play some important roles in ALS because several protein mutations were found in individuals with this disease. However, proteins that are currently known to be associated with ALS only explain the pathogenesis of this disease in a minority of cases, thus, further screening is needed to identify other ALS‐related proteins. In this study, we systematically analyzed and compared the brain proteomic alterations between a mouse model of ALS, the Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur model, and wild‐type mice using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) as well as bioinformatics methods. The results revealed some significant up‐ and downregulated proteins at the different developmental stages in the ALS‐like mice as well as the possibly related cellular components, molecular functions, biological processes, and pathways in the development of ALS. Our results identified some possible proteins that participate in the pathogenesis of ALS as well as the cellular components that are damaged by these proteins, we additionally identified the molecular functions, the biological processes, and the pathways of these proteins as well as the molecules that are associated with these pathways. This study represents an important preliminary investigation of the role of proteomic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALS, both in human patients and other animal models. We present some novel findings that may serve as a basis for further investigation of abnormal proteins that are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.
Research progress on carbon materials as negative electrodes in sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yang‐yang , Wang Yu‐hua , Wang Yi‐tong , Xu Tian‐jie , Chang Pei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon materials, including graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, are widely used as high‐performance negative electrodes for sodium‐ion and potassium‐ion batteries (SIBs and PIBs). Compared with other materials, carbon materials are abundant, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly, and have excellent electrochemical properties, which make them especially suitable for negative electrode materials of SIBs and PIBs. Compared with traditional carbon materials, modifications of the morphology and size of nanomaterials represent effective strategies to improve the quality of electrode materials. Different nanostructures make different contributions toward improving the electrochemical performance of electrode materials, so the synthesis of nanomaterials is promising for controlling the morphology and size of electrode materials. This paper reviews the progress made and challenges in the use of carbon materials as negative electrode materials for SIBs and PIBs in recent years. The differences in Na+ and K+ storage mechanisms among different types of carbon materials are emphasized.
Graywater Treatment with Two Planted Vertical Constructed Wetlands in Series: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hachicha Rihab , Fersi Mariem , Jedidi Naceur , Mechichi Taher , Hassen Abdenaceur , Hachicha Ridha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Two pilot scales of planted vertical flow‐built wetlands in series treating greywater were accomplished in the Tunisian Deaf Help Association (TDHA). The two beds were planted with Phragmites australis with continuous daily flow of 640 L and nominal operating retention duration of 1.25 days. The total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency in the first bed was 86.2 ± 10%, and both beds received the same treatment performance for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand after five days (BOD5). The removal rates for TSS, COD, and BOD5 were 94 ± 13, 86 ± 5.7, and 93 ± 7%, respectively., the ammonium overall removal rate was 71.4 ± 19.1% in both beds, however, it was around 60 ± 9.11% when based on a single bed. The second bed enhanced phosphorus removal twice with a reduction of 52%. In each bed, Escherichia coli clearance ranged from 1.24 to 2.40 logs, respectively, and the total average bacteria population yielded an average of 1.65 log units, equivalent to an efficiency of 46.67%. These results were complemented by polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, showing an overall of biomass reduction of 47 ± 8% with one bed, and of 89 ± 7% with both beds.
Physicochemically Constructed Unidirectional Aluminum Bismuth Gallium Zinc Oxide Film for Enhanced Nematic Liquid Crystal System Using a Brush‐Coating Method
Authors: Wook Lee Dong , Mi Kim Eun , Seok Heo Gi , Hyun Kim Dong , Young Oh Jin , Liu Yang , Seo Dae‐Shik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a convenient brush coating method for liquid crystal (LC) alignment. This method enables film deposition and an alignment layer treatment process simultaneously. Aluminum bismuth gallium zinc oxide (AlBiGaZnO) is used as the alignment layer. After the curing process, a unidirectional AlBiGaZnO film is formed; its surface morphology and chemical composition were verified using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This oriented structure of the surface was produced by shear‐stress which originated from brush movement. That structure induced a surface anisotropic characteristic and resulted in a uniform LC alignment. The uniform and homogeneous LC alignment state on the film was confirmed using polarized optical microscopy and pre‐tilt angle analysis. The brush coated AlBiGaZnO film exhibited excellent thermal budget for advanced LC system. The film exhibited enhanced electro‐optical performance with a low operating voltage. These results demonstrate the potential of LC alignment technology via the brush coating method.
Ethical Considerations during the Informed Consent Process for Acute Ischemic Stroke in International Clinical Trials
Authors: Bellomo Tiffany , Fokas Jennifer , Tsao Noah , Anderson Clare , Becker Christopher , Gioscia‐Ryan Rachel , Meurer William 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTWe sought to investigate the experiences of researchers in existing active‐control trials in acute ischemic stroke comparing investigational therapy to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in order to identify the approaches and challenges in obtaining informed consent. Out of 401 articles evaluated, 14 trials met inclusion criteria. Trial representatives were contacted to complete a survey concerning the consent process. None of the 14 trials published materials related to the informed consent process. Trials with 75% to 100% of patients directly consented had shorter door‐to‐treatment (DTT) times than trials that directly consented less than 50% of patients. Trials that had translators available (for recruiting participants who were not native speakers in the local language) and translated consent documents had longer DTT times. The study findings suggest that differences in the standards of informed consent internationally may allow more patients with moderate strokes to provide direct consent without delaying DTT time. Future trials should emphasize transparency to the public and scientific community in the informed consent process.
Perspectives from a Predominantly African American Community about Biobank Research and a Biobank Consent Form
Authors: Sedig Laura K. , De Loney E. Hill , Bailey Sarah B. , Spector‐Bagdady Kayte , Ghita Bianca , Krienke Lydia Koh , Hutchinson Raymond 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTMinority populations have been underrepresented in clinical trials, as well as in research biobanks that are created to conduct research with participants' biospecimens and related medical and research data. Biobank research raises issues about informed consent and privacy and the confidentiality of participants' personal data. Our study involved three focus groups of 10 adults each that were conducted in a medically underserved, predominantly African American community to elucidate questions and concerns regarding an institutional biobank. Transcripts from the discussion were qualitatively analyzed. Three main themes that arose from the focus groups included the importance of trust, the importance of the community in research, and suggestions to improve trust. The concerns identified in this study provide a starting point for future research to help research institutions become more trustworthy to the communities they serve.
Mechanistically Novel Frontal‐Inspired In Situ Photopolymerization: An Efficient Electrode|Electrolyte Interface Engineering Method for High Energy Lithium Metal Polymer Batteries
Authors: Shaji Ishamol , Diddens Diddo , Winter Martin , Nair Jijeesh Ravi 
Published: July 2022

The solvent‐free in situ polymerization technique has the potential to tailor‐make conformal interfaces that are essential for developing durable and safe lithium metal polymer batteries (LMPBs). Hence, much attention has been given to the eco‐friendly and rapid ultraviolet (UV)‐induced in situ photopolymerization process to prepare solid‐state polymer electrolytes. In this respect, an innovative method is proposed here to overcome the challenges of UV‐induced photopolymerization (UV‐curing) in the zones where UV‐light cannot penetrate, especially in LMPBs where thick electrodes are used. The proposed frontal‐inspired photopolymerization (FIPP) process is a diverged frontal‐based technique that uses two classes (dual) of initiators to improve the slow reaction kinetics of allyl‐based monomers/oligomers by at least 50% compared with the conventional UV‐curing process. The possible reaction mechanism occurring in FIPP is demonstrated using density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic investigations. Indeed, the initiation mechanism identified for the FIPP relies on a photochemical pathway rather than an exothermic propagating front forms during the UV‐irradiation step as the case with the classical frontal photopolymerization technique. Besides, the FIPP‐based in situ cell fabrication using dual initiators is advantageous over both the sandwich cell assembly and conventional in situ photopolymerization in overcoming the limitations of mass transport and active material utilization in high energy and high power LMPBs that use thick electrodes. Furthermore, the LMPB cells fabricated using the in situ‐FIPP process with high mass loading LiFePO4 electrodes (5.2 mg cm‐2) demonstrate higher rate capability, and a 50% increase in specific capacity against a sandwich cell encouraging the use of this innovative process in large‐scale solid‐state battery production.