bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal and sublethal effects of five common herbicides on the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Authors: Ward William , Heinly Briana , Preston Jack , Johnson Catherine , Sweger Alexander , Persons Matthew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We tested lethal and sublethal effects of five commonly applied herbicides on the agrobiont wolf spider Pardosa milvina. Pardosa were collected from two agricultural fields; one kept under continuous crop rotation and sprayed for over twenty years, the other had no pesticide application for the last twelve years. Male and female Pardosa from each site were exposed to one of seven herbicide treatments (atrazine, glyphosate, mesotrione, S-metolachlor, rimsulfuron, a combination of all five herbicides, or a distilled water control; N = 1201) and maintained for 52 days on the treated soil substrate. We recorded mortality, prey capture behavior, weight change, courtship behavior, and egg sac production across treatments. Mesotrione and the five-herbicide combination showed significantly higher mortality than control substrates while atrazine, glyphosate and S-metolachlor showed significantly higher survival than the control. Both male spiders and spiders collected from the conventional field had reduced survival under some herbicide treatments. Prey capture behavior varied significantly by herbicide treatment, sex, and site. We observed significant weight change differences in males and differences in egg sac production in females, with, compared to the control, significant male weight loss in the rimsulfuron treatment collected from the no herbicide field, and an increase in egg sac production in atrazine, rimsulfuron, and S-metolachlor among females collected from the no herbicide field. Our results show some herbicides may have modest but significant fitness benefits (atrazine, glyphosate, and S-metolachlor) while others strongly increase the mortality of Pardosa (mesotrione and the combination herbicide treatment).
Laser-and-catalysis-assisted direct bonding of metal and non-reactive polymer for industrially durable multimaterial manufacturing
Authors: Tei Mika , Kawafuchi Tatsumi , Washika Kiminori , Ozaki Hitoshi , Mayama Norihito , Fukumoto Katsuji , Yamashita Masahiro , Kawahito Yusuke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an ideal coating material with superior chemical resistance, lubrication, and hydrophobicity. Multimaterial manufacturing with metal and PTFE is desirable for their complementary strengths, but non-robust bonding at the interface remains a significant challenge for durability. Here, we devise a strategy combining iron catalyst deposition and thermostatic control on a high-power laser to directly bond steel and pure PTFE. As a result, we achieve unprecedented peel strength surpassing 3.5 N/mm and stable chemical bond formation between the two materials. Furthermore, manufacturing a 10-ton truck's loading box with steel-PTFE composites proves the ultra-durable lubrication effect that enables zero load waste and 10.7 % CO2 reduction during repetitive soil transportation. Our novel method to control polymer decomposition at the metal-polymer interface should facilitate multimaterial manufacturing with superior mechanochemical durability.
Robotic Automation and Unsupervised Cluster Assisted Modeling for Solving the Forward and Reverse Design Problem of Paper Airplanes
Authors: Obayashi Nana , Junge Kai , Ilic Stefan , Hughes Josie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although often regarded a childhood toy, the design of paper airplanes is subtly complex. The design space and mapping from geometry to distance flown is highly nonlinear and probabilistic where a single airplane design exhibits a multitude of trajectory forms and flight distances. This makes optimization and understanding of their behavior challenging for humans. By understanding the behavior of paper airplanes and predicting flight behavior, there is a potential to improve the design of aerial vehicles that operate at low Reynolds numbers. By developing a robotic system that can fabricate, test, analyze, and model the flight behavior in an unsupervised fashion, a wide design space can be reliably characterized. We find there are discrete behavioral groups that result in different trajectories: nose dive, glide and recovery glide. Informed by this characterization we propose a method of using Gaussian mixture models to extract the clusters of the design space that map to these different behaviors. This allows us to solve both the forward and reverse design problem for paper airplanes, and also to perform efficient optimization of the geometry for a given target flight distance.
To compare Spot Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio within 24 Hours Urine Protein for Quantification of Proteinuria - a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahaseth Aditya , Pahari Bishnu , Ghimire Madhav , PVS Rana , Rayamajhi Sushil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Proteinuria is a condition in which urine contains an excess amount of proteins. Proteinuria is a common finding during routine clinical evaluation. Quantifying the amount of proteinuria is mandatory in various disease condition.
Methods: The spot urinary protein/creatinine ratio (P/Cr) and 24 h urine protein were determined from 70 patients with persistent glomerular proteinuria, either new onset proteinuria secondary to diabetes, hypertension, CKD, or glomerulonephritis or due to pre-existing glomerular disease and tabulated. Correlation study was done using the spearman’s correlation coefficient and plotted on a scatterplot.
Results: In this study age ranged from 2 to 83 years, mean age was 36.56 years (SD 20.78). The number of males was slightly higher than females and M: F was 1.26:1. Hypertension was present in 44.3 % of patients; Diabetes was present in 20 % of patients. 74.3 % of patients were suffering from acute glomerulonephritis due to various causes, 12.9% patients had CKD. A linear relationship exists between the spot urine PCR and the 24 hours Urinary total protein, with a correlation coefficient of 0.877, p < 0.01. Correlation was suboptimal at higher levels of protein excretion (>3.5 grams/day).
Conclusion: Random spot urine PCR is correlates well with the 24 hours urinary total protein particularly at lower levels of protein excretion and can be an useful adjunct to 24 hours urinary protein measurement particularly if 24 hours urine sample is difficult to obtain or unavailable.
Pyridinoline in Evaluation of Subchondral Remodeling and Cartilaginous Tissue Metabolism in Patients With Early Signs of Knee Osteoarthrosis
Authors: Belova Svetlana V. , Gladkova Ekaterina V. , Zubavlenko Roman A. , Ulyanov Vladimir Yu. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Osteoarthrosis is a polyetiological disease affecting 15 to 85 percent of people over 40 years of age. It makes as much as 50 percent of all articular pathology cases, so the interest of the scientific community in this problem keeps growing. One of the key patterns of osteoarthrosis progressing is the disorder of metabolic processes in articular connective tissue and, in particular, the disorder of collagen synthesis and disorganization of the spatial orientation of collagen molecules. Pyridinoline (PYD) is the integral indicator of this disorganization; it ensures the stability of collagen matrix due to the formation of pyridine crosslinks. Some research claim the predictive value of PYD determining in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue pathologies in joints. Our study involved 42 patients aged 36-50 years with early signs of knee osteoarthrosis and 19 virtually healthy individuals without articular pathologies. All patients underwent standard radiography of their knee joints in the anterior (maximally extended position of the knee joint) and lateral (joint flexion up to 15º) projections in the supine position. Bone formation was assessed by osteocalcin (OC) content and bone resorption by CrossLaps and PYD levels while cartilage matrix destruction by cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and cartilage glycoprotein (YKL-40) serum concentrations with enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) method. Our findings showed that the disorders of bone formation (increased OC level) and bone resorption (increased CrossLaps and PYD levels) as well as the rearrangement of the cartilage matrix structure featured by the increased COMP and YKL-40 contents were specific for patients with early signs of knee osteoarthrosis lacking evident clinical and radiological manifestations of the disease. Interestingly, the significant (p<0.05) increase in pyridinoline serum concentration possibly resulted from the intermolecular disbanding in collagen polypeptide chains as a structure-forming component of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue. The sensitivity and specificity assessment of changes in PYD serum concentrations reneders the use of this indicator in the comprehensive evaluation of the condition of patients with early signs of knee osteoarthrosis aimed at increasing the effectiveness of diagnostic approaches to early osteoarthrosis detection and the designning pathogenetic therapy to be a promising trend for further research.
Therapeutic Gene Silencing of CKAP5 leads to lethality in genetically unstable cancer cells.
Authors: Chatterjee Sushmita , Naidu Gonna Somu , Hazan-Halevy Inbal , Grobe Hanna , Ezra Assaf , Ramishetti Srinivas , Sprinzak David , Zaidel-Bar Ronen , Peer Dan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cell mitosis is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Presently, anti-mitotic drugs are limited to tubulin binding agents and kinase inhibitors. While there is a long list of potential microtubule associated protein targets that play an important role in tubulin function, their therapeutic potential remains largely unexplored due to the lack of target specific agents. Herein, we explored the therapeutic potential of targeting Cytoskeleton Associated Protein 5 (CKAP5), an important microtubule-associated protein, with CKAP5 targeting siRNAs that are entrapped in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). We have screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in a panel of solid cancer cell lines and demonstrated that silencing CKAP5 specifically affects genetically unstable cell lines, among which a chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line is most susceptible. CKAP5 knockdown led to loss of EB3 comet dynamics followed by apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential in an in-vivo ovarian cancer model, showing increased survival rate in CKAP5 silenced LNP treated group by 80 % (p<0.0001). Taken together, our results may ultimately be translated into novel therapeutic modality for Ovarian Cancer and be utilized for other types of cancers.
Mapping the Restoration of Degraded Peatland as a Field of Research Area: A Scientometric Review
Authors: Apori Samuel Obeng , Macmillan Douglas , Giltrap Michelle , Tian Furong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Degraded peatland reduced many ecosystem services such as water quality and quantity, biodiversity, carbon storage, climate regulations and other cultural benefits. Therefore, several initiatives for the restoration of degraded peatland (RDP) have been attempted to restore the ecosystem processes, productivity and services of the degraded peatland to its original natural condition. Notwithstanding the popularity of RDP research among researchers and industry practitioners, a quantitative technique to map a comprehensive survey of the intellectual core and the general body landscape of knowledge on RDP research does not exist. In this study, a scientometric analysis was employed to analyze 522 documents using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The Web of Science database was used to retrieve bibliographic records using the advanced search “TS (topic) =(‘drained peatland restoration’ OR ‘drained bog restoration’ OR ‘drained mire restoration’ OR degraded peatland restoration’ OR ‘degraded bog restoration’ OR ‘drained peatland reclamation’ OR ‘drained bog restoration’ OR ‘degraded peatland reclamation’ OR ‘degraded bog reclamation’ OR ‘drained mire restoration’ OR ‘degraded mire reclamation’ OR ‘degraded fen restoration’ OR ‘drained fen reclamation’). The outcome sought to provide relevant information in RDP research such as (i) publication trends (ii) research outlets (iii) most influential keywords (iv) most influential institutions and authors (v) top influential countries active in RDP research. In addition, four clusters were identified for ascertaining the central theme of RDP research in which cluster one is linked to the central research theme-“impact of drainage on peatland ecosystem services; cluster two focused on the impact of peatland restoration on greenhouse gas emissions; cluster three is associated with peatland restoration and biogeochemical properties and cluster four is related to peatland restoration and species richness. A new research hotspot such as soil respiration was identified via the keywords with the strongest citation bursts. This study will provide the various stakeholders such as industry, journal editors, policymakers and researchers instinctive understanding of the research status and the development frontier of RDP research
An enhancement of instruments for solution of general transmission line equations with method of lines, impedance-/admittance and field transformation in combination with finite differences.
Authors: Spiller Waldemar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Method of Lines (MoL) in combination with impedance/admittance and field transformation (IAFT) is used to analyze electromagnetic waves. The used cases are waveguiding structures in microwave technology and optics. The core of the theory is the solution of generalized transmission line equations (GTL). In the case of complex structures, a combination with finite differences (FD) can be used. The quality of this solution essentially depends on the effectiveness of the used interpolation of the differences. The individual steps of the FD are permanently linked to the steps of the fully vectorial impedance/admittance and field transformation, so standard libraries cannot be used. Two approaches based on the linear and quadratic interpolation were built into the impedance/admittance and field transformation in the past.

However, the degree of improvement due to one or another kind of interpolation depends on the concrete behavior of the solution sought.

In the case of complex structures, choosing the appropriate type of interpolation should be an effective aid. In this paper, an extension of the family of built-in methods is proposed - with the possibility of being able to build any known numerical method from the class of one-step or multi-step methods into the GTL solution. These can be higher-order methods, including fast explicit methods, or particularly stable implicit methods. The transmission matrices for the impedance/admittance and field transformation serve as the building site. To illustrate the procedure, some different methods are integrated into the GTL solution. The efficiency of the solutions is tested on some test structures and compared with each other and with existing solutions. The relevant waveguide specifics were discussed. Initial systematics and recommendations for users were derived.
Dulaglutide Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Microglial Polarization and Neurogenic Activity
Authors: Wang Yun , Han Bojun 
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds:
Increasing research has proved that microglial activation, polarization,
and inflammatory response in the brain affect the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Hence, employing
reagents targeted to microglial functions to optimize the brain microenvironment may become
a promising therapeutic method for Alzheimer's disease.

Methods:
The phagocytosis and clearance of Aβ1-42 were detected using western blot and immunofluorescence
assay. The cell viability was determined via 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-
diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) or cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The load of proinflammation,
in addition to anti-inflammation factors, was measured through an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. Flow cytometry was employed to estimate the apoptotic cells. The
protein level related to microglial polarization and neuronal injury was detected via western blot.
The length of the neuronal synapse was investigated using an immunofluorescence assay.

Results:
Dulaglutide significantly promoted microglia to phagocytose and removed the Aβ plague.
Additionally, dulaglutide treatment inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors, including
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin -1β, and IL-6, whereas it increased the load of antiinflammatory
molecules, such as IL-10 affected by Aβ1-42 exposure. Further investigation verified
that Aβ1-42 down-regulated YM1/2 positive M2 microglial polarization phenotype but
up-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) positive M1 microglia. However, treating with dulaglutide
effectively counteracted these effects. Moreover, dulaglutide dramatically recovered primary cortical
neuron cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis influenced by Aβ1-42. Furthermore, the dulaglutide
also reversed neuronal synapse injury after exposure to Aβ1-42.

Conclusion:
Altogether, this investigation verified that dulaglutide improved Aβ-induced inflammation
and neuronal injury by mediating the activation and polarization of microglia, thereby alleviating
Alzheimer's disease efficiently.
Naturally Occurring Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFRs)
Authors: Oktavia Listiana , Fuad Asrul Muhamad , Senjaya Seni Kurnia , Yuliyawati Yuliawati 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activation appears essential in tumor growth and progression. Targeting EGFR signaling pathway becomes an exciting area in cancer therapy. Synthetic chemotherapy drugs have been used to treat some EGFR signaling in various cancer cells. The utilization of naturally occurring compounds as EGFR inhibitors is exciting to be explored due to the urgent need to combat resistance over current EGFR inhibitors. In this review, we first summarize the schematic role of EGFR in cancer and the current EGFR inhibitor used, its advantage, and disadvantage. Next, we discuss the natural products that have been reported as the source of EGFR inhibitors. The discussion covers the natural products which are majorly reported from the year 2005-2020. A total of 21 groups of natural compounds and their derivatives were reported to have the potential to inhibit EGFR signaling pathways. We then discuss the advanced technologies and approaches that rapidly discover EGFR inhibitor-based natural products. Hopefully, this literature review could increase the excitement of finding an effective EGFR pathway inhibitor from natural products.
An Incidental Discovery of Supracardiac Left-sided Partial Anomalous
Pulmonary Connection and Dilation of the Azygos Vein Detected in
Adulthood
Authors: Lizarazo Ortega David A. , Rivero Oscar 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare congenital variant of the
pulmonary veins drained into the right atrium. The left-side partial anomalous pulmonary connections
are usually detected in adulthood and occasionally drain into the left brachiocephalic vein.

Case Description:
An asymptomatic 63-year-old woman with a known history of left carotid body
paraganglioma was admitted to our institution to evaluate this tumor by computed tomography angiography
of the neck and brain. As an incidental finding, CTA demonstrated a supracardiac partial
anomalous pulmonary venous connection between the left upper pulmonary vein and the left innominate
via the vertical vein. Additionally, dilation of the azygos vein was observed.

Conclusion:
Supracardiac left-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare vascular
variant, usually asymptomatic and found incidentally in adults.
The Impact of Excessive Use of Digital Devices During the Pandemic of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Among Saudi Arabia Population
Authors: Almuhwwis Abdulrahman A. , Alshumaym Abdulelah A. , Moafa Majid A. , Alluwimi Mohammed , Alghamdi Mansour A. , Alrasheed Saif Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
A substantial increase in using digital devices was observed among the population due to staying at home as a result of the quarantine during the coronavirus pandemic. Consequently, ocular symptoms appeared due to spending several hours of screen time per day.

Objective:
The current study aimed to assess the impact of excessive use of digital devices during the pandemic of coronavirus among the Saudi population.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2020 to January 2021 among the Saudi population. Data were collected by using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires for the assessment of symptoms related to dry eye and their effect on vision. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the risk factors and the symptoms of dry eye. SPSS 22nd edition was used, any p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Out of 1573 participants, 93.8% used mobile, 42.4% experienced uncomfortable sensitivity to the light. There were 49.15% of the participants who showed that none of the time they felt blurry vision, 54.8% did not report double vision, and 30.5% who felt a headache recently after quarantine. About 48% of the participants did not have any ocular symptoms, while 52% had dry eye symptoms (mild 22.3%, moderate 13.7%, and severe 15.9%). When the logistic regression model of risk factors associated with severe symptoms of dry eye was applied, wearing a contact lens was the most significant variable (p<0.0001).

Conclusion:
Dry eye symptoms increased during the quarantine, which indicated that the digital device users need to learn more about the preventive measures from practitioners in eye healthcare. More studies are warranted to assess the impact of digital device usage on all age groups starting from children up to the elderly population.