bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late diagnosis of autism: exploring experiences of males diagnosed with autism in adulthood
Authors: Lupindo Bomikazi M. , Maw Anastasia , Shabalala Nokuthula 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder associated with qualitative impairments in social interaction, social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviour (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Symptoms of ASD are first evident in infancy and childhood. However, individuals presenting with less overt ASD symptomatology may only be diagnosed in adulthood, when the expectation of independence and productivity results in a growing crisis for the individual. This study applied an exploratory qualitative research design to explore first-hand experiences of ten adult males (25 years and above) who were diagnosed with autism during their adulthood. Purposive sampling was used to select participants through the Neurodiversity Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. In-depth one-on-one interviews, guided by a semi-structured interview schedule were conducted. The thematic analysis technique and NVivo 12 qualitative analysis software were used to organise the data and identify themes. Three key themes emerged: failure to diagnose ASD in childhood despite signs and symptoms, ramifications of missed/misdiagnosis in childhood and adulthood on psychological well-being and the impact of receiving a diagnosis of ASD in adulthood. Missed/misdiagnosis had serious implications for psychological well-being throughout childhood and into adulthood. Late diagnosis resulted in missed opportunities for early intervention to address impairments associated with ASD. Receiving a diagnosis provided an explanation for long standing difficulties, offered a way forward in terms of developing coping strategies and allowed for self-acceptance. The implications of these findings for the development of better early screening and assessment for ASD are discussed and future research pathways suggested.
The parallelism of cognitive economy and physiological economy: A rationality-based dual process theory
Authors: Khalil Elias L. , Amin Azzam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Researchers recognize the affinity of habits-as-heuristics and habits-as-routines. This paper argues that the affinity should not be surprising, as both kinds of habits are the outcome of rational choice. The paper finds that the dual process theory, once reconstructed as based on rational choice, reveals that the affinity runs deep, as three-fold parallelism: i) the cognitive economy responsible for habits-as-heuristics parallels what this paper calls the “physiological economy” responsible for habits-as-routines; ii) the occasional slipup of heuristics generated by the cognitive economy parallels the occasional slipup of routines of the physiological economy; and iii) the breakdown of heuristics of the cognitive economy parallels the breakdown of routines of the physiological economy. The rationality-based dual process theory can explain—whereas the single process theory cannot—why slipups do not induce the decision makers to abandon the pertinent habit, but breakdowns do.
Rational Manipulation of Intermediates on Copper for CO2 Electroreduction Toward Multicarbon Products
Authors: Jiang Guangyi , Han Daliang , Han Zishan , Gao Jiachen , Wang Xinyu , Weng Zhe , Yang Quan-Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExcess greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), have caused major environmental concerns worldwide. The electroreduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals using renewable energy is an ecofriendly approach to achieve carbon neutrality. In this regard, copper (Cu) has attracted considerable attention as the only known metallic catalyst available for converting CO2 to high-value multicarbon (C2+) products. The production of C2+ involves complicated C–C coupling steps and thus imposes high demands on intermediate regulation. In this review, we discuss multiple strategies for modulating intermediates to facilitate C2+ formation on Cu-based catalysts. Furthermore, several sophisticated in situ characterization techniques are outlined for elucidating the mechanism of C–C coupling. Lastly, the challenges and future directions of CO2 electroreduction to C2+ are envisioned.
Molecular phylogeny and morphological comparison of the deep-sea genus Alloptilella Li, Zhan & Xu, 2021 (Octocorallia, Pennatulacea)
Authors: López-González Pablo J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA previously described species and a new one belonging to the recently described sea pen genusAlloptilellaLi, Zhan & Xu, 2021, are here described and illustrated based on a morphological and molecular study of materials collected in the Tasman Sea (SW Pacific) and at Puerto Rico (Caribbean Sea), respectively. The species,Alloptilella moseleyicomb. nov. (Kölliker, 1880) andAlloptilella williamsisp. nov., are in overall agreement with the generic diagnosis ofAlloptilella., based on the type species,Alloptilella splendidaLi, Zhan & Xu, 2021. A single relatively large colony (55 to 95 cm in total length) is known for each of the threeAlloptilellaspecies. The transferred and the new species differ from the type species in having an opposite, rather than alternate, placement of polyp leaves along the rachis, colouration of autozooids, and mesozooids (in the case ofA. moseleyicomb.nov.), and spicular features (e.g. maximum sizes in different parts of the colony, presence/absence of tentacular sclerites).Alloptilella williamsisp. nov. is the first species of the genus recorded so far from the Atlantic Ocean, all other described species being western Pacific. A molecular comparison based on a set of concatenated sequences of four markers (three mitochondrial genes (mtMutS,ND2, andCOI) and a nuclear segment (28S)) relates the species here studied to the published sequences ofAlloptilella splendida, within the named Clade II of previous general phylogenetic studies on the octocoral Order Pennatulacea.Alloptilellais a monophyletic grouping, sister group of the genusScytaliumHerklots, 1858. The available molecular information of the genusPtilellaGray, 1870, is reinforced with sequences (mtMutS,ND2and28S) from specimens ofPtilella inflata(Kükenthal, 1910) collected off the Namibian coast (SE Atlantic).
Faecal DNA-based genetic survey of a relict Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) population (Sila Massif, S Italy)
Authors: Balestrieri Alessandro , Gariano Pasquale , Grandinetti Maria , Verduci Francesca , Gianfranceschi Luca , Gatti Emanuele , Mucci Nadia , Mengoni Chiara , Tremolada Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFaecal DNA-based genetic analysis is a suitable tool for assessing both population size and genetic diversity of threatened and elusive species. We applied microsatellite analysis and mtDNA sequencing for investigating the southernmost Italian (Sila Massif, Calabria Region) population of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). This relict population, filed as extinct in the mid-1980s, is currently expanding but still quite isolated. On the two main rivers hosting otters permanently since 2014, we collected 47 spraints, out of which 24 (51.1%) were successfully genotyped (on average 2.0 alleles per locus). Thirteen individuals were identified: seven females and three males (sex identification success of 76.9%). Population size was assessed as 16 individuals (13–22), corresponding to a density of 0.15 (0.13–0.21) ind/km. Successfully amplified mtDNA samples (N = 16) confirmed the occurrence of a haplotype—H10—which had been previously reported only for Southern Italy, bringing new evidence of the unicity of the Italian otter population. Although density values complied with those reported for the core area of otter Italian range, the small size and genetic isolation of this population require special attention. To assist the ongoing re-colonisation of the Sila Massif, habitat management should aim to enhance fish availability and connectivity with the core area.
Simple analytical considerations on a thermal-flow operating parameters of a heat storage tank
Authors: Dolna Oktawia , Wiśniewska Weronika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA heat storage tank (HST), described in this paper, may be applied to numerous systems used for thermal energy generation and storage. Working principle and heat-flow processes of the HST remain the same and are independent of the systems in which the HST is being used. This paper presents a thermal-flow analysis of a heat storage tank (HST) operating in an air compressor heat pump (ACHP) and a dry cooler (DC) combined cycle. The HST is operated under transient conditions for four different ACHP steady states. The HST was analysed using lumped capacitance method. The heating power of a single coil varied from 2.2 to 3.2 kW. 50% increase in mass flow rate of heating water in the coils increased the HST water mean temperature by 5.6 °C. A differential equation for the HST water temperature variation was solved analytically and it was presented with the use of dimensionless numbers. The presented solution is of a general form. An important parameter such as number of the coils may be varied easily. Additionally, a Mathcad computational program was proposed for the estimation of HST-ACHP-DC system thermodynamic and thermal-flow parameters. System dynamics was studied using MATLAB/Simulink. An optimal operating parameters of the HST were found and are presented in the paper. The aforementioned parameters are as follows: mass flow rates of heating and cooling media in all three coils, mass flow rate of freshwater supplying the HST, number of loops in coils and resulting heat transfer area, diameter of the loops of the coils, diameter of the coils, time after which water in the HST reaches a steady value, time period within which the HST may fulfil demand for central heating and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation without being charged simultaneously. The presented analytical model was validated based on the available data in the field literature and a high compliance was reached. For this purpose theoretical model results were compared to results of HST computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The temperature calculated using the presented model differed from the one obtained by the CFD analysis by 2.96 K.
Comparing health outcomes between coronary interventions in frail patients aged 75 years or older with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: van Wyk Gregory W. , Berkovsky Shlomo , Fraile Navarro David , Coiera Enrico 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess current evidence comparing the impact of available coronary interventions in frail patients aged 75 years or older with different subtypes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on health outcomes.

Methods
Scopus, Embase and PubMed were systematically searched in May 2022 for studies comparing outcomes between coronary interventions in frail older patients with ACS. Studies were excluded if they provided no objective assessment of frailty during the index admission, under-represented patients aged 75 years or older, or included patients with non-ACS coronary disease without presenting results for the ACS subgroup. Following data extraction from the included studies, a qualitative synthesis of results was undertaken.

Results
Nine studies met all eligibility criteria. All eligible studies were observational. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across study designs regarding ACS subtypes included, frailty assessments used, coronary interventions compared, and outcomes studied. All studies were assessed to be at high risk of bias. Notably, adjustment for confounders was limited or not adequately reported in all studies. The comparative assessment suggested a possible efficacy signal for invasive treatment relative to conservative treatment but possibly at the risk of increased bleeding events.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of evidence comparing health outcomes between different coronary interventions in frail patients aged 75 years or older with ACS. Available evidence is at high risk of bias. Given the growing importance of ACS in frail patients aged 75 years or older, new studies are needed to inform optimal ACS care for this population. Future studies should rigorously adjust for confounders.
Comprehensive Rules-Based and Preferences Induced Weights Allocation in Group Decision-Making with BUI
Authors: Li GePeng , Yager Ronald R. , Zhang XinXing , Mesiar Radko , Bustince Humberto , Jin LeSheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDecision-makers’ subjective preferences can be well modeled using preference aggregation operators and related induced weights allocation mechanisms. However, when several different types of preferences occur in some decision environment with more complex uncertainties, repeated uses of preferences induced weights allocation sometimes become unsuitable or less reasonable. In this work, we discuss a common decision environment where several invited experts will offer their respective evaluation values for a certain object. There are three types of preferences which will significantly affect the weights allocations from experts. Instead of unsuitably performing preference induced weights allocation three times independently and then merging the results together using convex combination as some literatures recently did, in this work, we propose some organic and comprehensive rules-based screen method to first rule out some unqualified experts and then take preference induced weights allocation for the refined group of experts. A numerical example in business management and decision-making is presented to show the cognitive reasonability and practical feasibility.
Defaults are not a panacea: distinguishing between default effects on choices and on outcomes
Authors: Kalkstein David A. , De Lima Fabiana , Brady Shannon T. , Rozek Christopher S. , Johnson Eric J. , Walton Gregory M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently, defaults have become celebrated as a low-cost and easy-to-implement nudge for promoting positive outcomes, both at an individual and societal level. In the present research, we conducted a large-scale field experiment (N = 32,508) in an educational context to test the effectiveness of a default intervention in promoting participation in a potentially beneficial achievement test. We found that a default manipulation increased the rate at which high school students registered to take the test but failed to produce a significant change in students’ actual rate of test-taking. These results join past literature documenting robust effects of default framings on initial choice but marked variability in the extent to which those choices ultimately translate to real-world outcomes. We suggest that this variability is attributable to differences in choice-to-outcome pathways – the extent to which the initial choice is causally determinative of the outcome.
An Evacuation Simulation in Multiple Neonatal Intensive Care Units Across a Single City: Lessons Learned
Authors: Tullius Zoe , Helgesen Wanda , Mulla Zuber D , Chheda Sadhana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Evacuations of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in emergency situations pose specialized challenges given their population of critically-ill neonates. Most of the literature on this topic describes planned evacuations and simulations due to natural disasters, usually involving only NICU staff. This study examines a unique emergent NICU evacuation simulation involving multiple responders occurring on a citywide scale.

Methods:
A simulated evacuation in response to a fire was conducted in 6 different NICUs in El Paso, Texas. The exercise utilized response from NICU staff and first responders. A standardized tool, by independent evaluators, was used to evaluate staff competencies while reactions were assessed using post-exercise surveys.

Results:
This city-wide multidisciplinary simulation improved NICU personnel skills in evacuation and also introduced first responders to this specialized patient population. Areas of strength across all NICUs included teamwork, knowledge of evacuation equipment, and patient tracking. Areas for improvement included lack of adequate equipment for post-evacuation care, understanding implications of smoke exposure, alternative evacuation routes, incident command structure, and unified communication.

Conclusions:
This successful, citywide NICU evacuation simulation improved knowledge among participants, introduced first responders to a specialized patient population, and provided valuable lessons on neonate-specific themes that can be incorporated to improve citywide emergency preparedness.
Climate Adaptation Planning for Resilient and Sustainable Cities: Perspectives from the City of Rotterdam (Netherlands) and the City of Antwerp (Belgium)
Authors: van der Berg Angela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate adaptation planning in pursuit of resilient and sustainable societies has become a focal point in urban policy. Climate adaptation planning is generally regarded as separate from traditional urban planning practices. Globally and in Europe, however, cities are increasingly integrating climate adaptation planning into their traditional urban planning instruments and processes. Recent research indicates that the scope of such integration is at varying stages. The City of Rotterdam (Netherlands) and the City of Antwerp (Belgium) have been identified as two European cities that face similar climate impacts and risks given their proximity to a large river delta. Both cities aim to integrate climate adaptation into their respective urban planning policies, but the scope of their integration differs. This paper critically analyses the urban planning policies of these two cities to distil key lessons learnt that cities with similar climate impacts and approaches to urban planning may potentially face in integrating climate adaptation planning into urban planning policies. The paper finds that identifying and evaluating the synergies, co-benefits or trade-offs of adaptation measures is a key challenge to integrating climate adaptation into urban planning policy. It is a potential stumbling block for long-term sustainable development and climate resilience.
Blocks as Geographic Discontinuities: The Effect of Polling-Place Assignment on Voting
Authors: Tomkins Sabina , Yao Keniel , Gaebler Johann , Konitzer Tobias , Rothschild David , Meredith Marc , Goel Sharad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA potential voter must incur a number of costs in order to successfully cast an in-person ballot, including the costs associated with identifying and traveling to a polling place. In order to investigate how these costs affect voter turnout, we introduce two quasi-experimental designs that can be used to study how the political participation of registered voters is affected by differences in the relative distance that registrants must travel to their assigned Election Day polling place and whether their polling place remains at the same location as in a previous election. Our designs make comparisons of registrants who live on the same residential block, but are assigned to vote at different polling places. We find that living farther from a polling place and being assigned to a new polling place reduce in-person Election Day voting, but that registrants largely offset for this by casting more early in-person and mail ballots.
A 50-year-old redescription: molecular and morphometric characterization of Hepatozoon carinicauda Pessôa and Cavalheiro, 1969 in the brown-banded water snake Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: de Paula Fabiane R. , Picelli Amanda M. , Perles Lívia , André Marcos R. , Viana Lúcio A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe combined use of molecular and microscopic techniques has become an increasingly common and efficient practice for the taxonomic and evolutionary understanding of single-celled parasites such as haemogregarines. Based on this integrative approach, we characterized Hepatozoon found in Helicops angulatus snakes from the Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The gamonts observed caused cell hypertrophy and were extremely elongated and, in some cases, piriform (mean dimensions: 25.3 ± 1.9 × 8.6 ± 1.3 μm). These morphological features correspond to Hepatozoon carinicauda, described 50 years ago in the snake Helicops carinicaudus in the southeast region of Brazil. Phylogenetic and genetic divergence analyses, performed with the sequence obtained from the amplification of a 590 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene, revealed that Hepatozoon in He. angulatus differed from the other lineages retrieved from GenBank, and was clustered singly in both the phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network. The integration of these data allowed the identification of H. carinicauda in a new aquatic host, and increased the knowledge of its geographical distribution. Therefore, the present study included the first redescription of a Hepatozoon species in a snake from the Brazilian Amazon.
RBF neural network-based admittance PD control for knee rehabilitation robot
Authors: Almaghout Karam , Tarvirdizadeh Bahram , Alipour Khalil , Hadi Alireza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarly-stage rehabilitation therapy for post-stroke patients consists of intensive and accurate training sessions. During these sessions, the therapist moves the patient’s joint within its range of motion repetitively. Patients, at this stage, often cannot control their muscles, and neurological disorders may occur and lead to undesirable movements. Thus, the therapist should train the joint gently to handle any sudden involuntary movements. Otherwise, the joint may undergo excessive torques, which may injure it. In this paper, we address this case and develop a clinical rehabilitation robotic system for training the knee joint taking into account the occurrence of these undesirable movements. The developed system has an innovative mechanism to measure interaction torques exerted by involuntary movements. Then, we introduce a new control approach consisting of an admittance controller and a proportional-derivative controller augmented by a radial basis function (PD-RBF) neural network. The PD-RBF guides the robot joint along a predefined trajectory, while the admittance part tracks any sudden interaction torques and updates the predefined trajectory accordingly. Thus, the robot trains the knee joint and once an undesirable movement occurs the robot gets along with this movement smoothly, then it gets back to the predefined trajectory. To validate the performance of the proposed admittance PD-RBF controller, we consider two controllers, an admittance adaptive sliding mode control and an admittance conventional PD one. Then, a compatarive study is conducted on these controllers via real-world experiments. The obtained results verify the efficiency of the admittance PD-RBF and prove its superiority over the other aforementioned controllers.
Monnaie et inflation dans un modèle de cycles réels
Authors: Hairault Jean-Olivier , Portier Franck 
Published: August 2022

Résumé
Nous présentons dans cet article un modèle d'equilibre général
intertemporel qui rend compte de l'influence de l'inflation dans le cycle en
France et aux Etats-Unis. L'adoption d'une fonction d'utilité assez générate
permet de degager l'importance des élasticités de substitution instantanée
et intertemporelle dans la dynamique d'ajustement de l'économie et
l'éventuelle présence d'un effet Tobin. La
simulation stochastique du modèle et sa comparaison avec les données
françaises et américaines montre qu'il permet une reproduction de la
dimension réelle du cycle similaire à celle des modèles
RBC traditionnels. La reproduction de la
dimension nominale du cycle s'avère plus décevante, un étalonnage réaliste
du modèle (en particulier de la valeur des élasticités intertemporelles de
substitution) ne permet pas de reproduire conjointement les faits stylisés
nominaux principaux et les profils de réponses des variables réelles à un
choc monétaire.