bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study of the anthropometry of the face among Bonos and Ewes in the Bono region of Ghana
Authors: Sarkodie Francis Kofi , Abaidoo Chrissie Stansie , Diby Thomas Kouakou , Appiah Atta Kusi , Darko Nancy Darkoa , Nketsiah James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowth and development of craniofacial structures are of importance since their anthropometry is useful in maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, orthodontics and forensic medicine. Surgeons consider the specific facial structures of such patients to help obtain accurate results. Ghana is however less-endowed with data regarding facial anthropometry for the aforementioned applications. Therefore, the study aimed to bring out the differences between the facial measurements of the male and female participants in order to generate baseline data for Ghanaians, taking into consideration the Bonos and Ewes living in the Bono region of Ghana. Twenty-four anthropometric facial measurements were taken from a total of 291 healthy individuals (152 Bonos and 139 Ewes), aged 18–60 years using Shahe Vernier callipers.ResultsThe study revealed Bono males had significantly longer faces than that of the Bono females (upper face height 2 and total face height). For maxillary height, mandibular width and mouth width, the mean values of Bono males were significantly greater than that of the Ewe males. There was a statistically significant difference concerning nasal length and anatomical nose width among the participants (p< 0.05). Bono male participants had significantly greater values than Ewe males in both endocanthion-exocanthion and endocanthion-endocanthion measurements.ConclusionsThe results of this study support the assertion regarding the existence of tribal variations and sexual dimorphism associated with facial measurements and have provided additional data for facial morphology for biometric and forensic applications as well as facial reconstruction especially among the study populations in Ghana.
Transitions from intensive eating disorder treatment settings: qualitative investigation of the experiences and needs of adults with anorexia nervosa and their carers
Authors: Clark Bryan Danielle , Macdonald Pamela , Cardi Valentina , Rowlands Katie , Ambwani Suman , Arcelus Jon , Bonin Eva-Maria , Landau Sabine , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet 
Published: July 2022

Background
Relapse rates for individuals with anorexia nervosa after intensive hospital treatment (in-patient or full-time day care) are high. Better knowledge about the difficulties and opportunities that arise during this transition is needed to identify factors that support or hinder continued recovery upon discharge.

Aims
The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of adult patients and their chosen carers on the process of transitioning from intensive eating disorder treatment settings to the community.

Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with anorexia nervosa (n = 11) discharged from day or in-patient care from specialised eating disorder units across the UK, and their chosen carers (n = 20). Data were analysed with inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Four interrelated themes were identified for both groups. For patients, themes were continuity of care, ambivalence about continued recovery, the value of social support and a call for enhanced transition support. For carers, themes were the impact of the eating disorder on themselves and the family, perceptions of recovery and support post-discharge, the impact of previous treatment and care experiences, and desire to create a supportive transition process.

Conclusions
The study provides an insight into the unique challenges that individuals with anorexia nervosa face upon leaving intensive treatment. A lack of post-discharge planning, support system and identity formation outside of anorexia nervosa were perceived as barriers to continued recovery. Patients and carers advocated for transition support that incorporates a phased, inclusive approach with accessible professional and social support in the community.
Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Study Comparing Oral Paclitaxel Plus Encequidar Versus Intravenous Paclitaxel in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Rugo Hope S. , Umanzor Gerardo A. , Barrios Francisco J. , Vasallo Rosa H. , Chivalan Marco A. , Bejarano Suyapa , Ramírez Julio R. , Fein Luis , Kowalyszyn Ruben D. , Kramer E. Douglas , Wang Hui , Kwan Min-Fun R. , Cutler David L. ,   for the Oraxol Study Consortium Investigators
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE Intravenous paclitaxel (IVpac) is complicated by neuropathy and requires premedication to prevent hypersensitivity-type reactions. Paclitaxel is poorly absorbed orally; encequidar (E), a novel P-glycoprotein pump inhibitor, allows oral absorption. METHODS A phase III open-label study comparing oral paclitaxel plus E (oPac + E) 205 mg/m2 paclitaxel plus 15 mg E methanesulfonate monohydrate 3 consecutive days per week versus IVpac 175 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks was performed. Women with metastatic breast cancer and adequate organ function, at least 1 year from last taxane, were randomly assigned 2:1 to oPac + E versus IVpac. The primary end point was confirmed radiographic response using RECIST 1.1, assessed by blinded independent central review. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Four hundred two patients from Latin America were enrolled (265 oPac + E, 137 IVpac); demographics and prior therapies were balanced. The confirmed response (intent-to-treat) was 36% for oPac + E versus 23% for IVpac ( P = .01). The PFS was 8.4 versus 7.4 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.768; 95.5% CI, 0.584 to 1.01; P = .046), and the OS was 22.7 versus 16.5 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.794; 95.5% CI, 0.607 to 1.037; P = .08). Grade 3-4 adverse reactions were 55% with oPac + E and 53% with IVpac. oPac + E had lower incidence and severity of neuropathy (2% v 15% > grade 2) and alopecia (49% v 62% all grades) than IVpac but more nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and neutropenic complications, particularly in patients with elevated liver enzymes. On-study deaths (8% oPac + E v 9% IVpac) were treatment-related in 3% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION oPac + E increased the confirmed tumor response versus IVpac, with trends in PFS and OS. Neuropathy was less frequent and severe with oPac + E; neutropenic serious infections were increased. Elevated liver enzymes at baseline predispose oPac + E patients to early neutropenia and serious infections (funded by Athenex, Inc; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02594371 ).
Association of Language Barriers With Process Outcomes After Craniotomy for Brain Tumor
Authors: Manuel Solmaz P. , Chia Zer Keen , Raygor Kunal P. , Fernández Alicia 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Little is known about the independent association of language barriers on postoperative process outcomes after craniotomies.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association of limited English proficiency (LEP) with length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, hospitalization costs, and rate of 30-day readmission after craniotomy for brain tumor.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent craniotomies for brain tumor from 2015 to 2019 at a high-volume neurosurgical center. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of LEP with discharge disposition and 30‐day readmission. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the association of LEP with LOS and hospitalization cost.

RESULTS:
Of the 2232 patients included, 7% had LEP. LEP patients had longer LOS (median [IQR] 5 [3-8] days vs 3 [2-5] days, P < .001), higher costs of hospitalization (median [IQR] $27 000 [$21 000-$36 000] vs $23 000 [$19 000-$30 000], P < .001), and were more likely to be discharged to skilled care facilities (37% vs 21%, P < .001) compared with English proficient patients. In multivariable models, the association between LEP and longer LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.24), higher hospitalization costs (incidence rate ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.20), and discharge to skilled care (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13-2.72) remained after adjusting for confounders. There was no difference in 30-day readmission rates by language status.

CONCLUSION:
LEP is an independent risk factor for extended LOS, higher hospitalization cost, and discharge to skilled care in neurosurgical patients who undergo craniotomy for brain tumor. Future research should seek to understand mediators of these observed disparities.
Cleaner fish are potential super-spreaders
Authors: Narvaez Pauline , Morais Renato A. , Vaughan David B. , Grutter Alexandra S. , Hutson Kate S. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Cleaning symbiosis is critical for maintaining healthy biological communities in tropical marine ecosystems. However, potential negative impacts of mutualism, such as the transmission of pathogens and parasites during cleaning interactions, have rarely been evaluated. Here, we investigated whether the dedicated bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, is susceptible to and can transmit generalist ectoparasites between client fish. In laboratory experiments, L. dimidiatus were exposed to infective stages of three generalist ectoparasite species with contrasting life histories. Labroides dimidiatus were susceptible to infection by the gnathiid isopod Gnathia aureamaculosa, but were significantly less susceptible to the ciliate protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans and the monogenean flatworm Neobenedenia girellae, compared with control host species (Coris batuensis or Lates calcarifer). The potential for parasite transmission from a client fish to the cleaner fish was simulated using experimentally transplanted mobile adult (i.e. egg-producing) monogenean flatworms on L. dimidiatus. Parasites remained attached to cleaners for an average of 2 days, during which parasite egg production continued, but was reduced compared with that on control fish. Over this timespan, a wild cleaner may engage in several thousand cleaning interactions, providing numerous opportunities for mobile parasites to exploit cleaners as vectors. Our study provides the first experimental evidence that L. dimidiatus exhibits resistance to infective stages of some parasites yet has the potential to temporarily transport adult parasites. We propose that some parasites that evade being eaten by cleaner fish could exploit cleaning interactions as a mechanism for transmission and spread.
Intranodal lipiodol injection for the treatment of chyle leak in children – a preliminary experience
Authors: Gupta Amit , Naranje Priyanka , Vora Zainab , Sharma Raju , Jana Manisha , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Sinha Pallavi , Malik Rohan , Goel Prabudh , Dhua Anjan , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intranodal lymphangiography using ethiodised oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet Japan, Tokyo, Japan) for the treatment of refractory cases of chylothorax and chylous ascites in the paediatric population. Methods: Between 2016 and 2020, eight children having chyle leak resistant to conservative management underwent intranodal lymphangiography using lipiodol injection. After ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board, these patients’ data were retrospectively analysed. Technical success was defined by opacification of inguinal and retroperitoneal lymphatics while injection on fluoroscopy. Clinical success was defined as progressively decreasing drain output and eventual cessation of output within a week after the procedure. Long-term follow up was done as feasible. Results: Technical success was achieved in all the patients. Complete cessation of drain output was noted within 1 week of procedure in all patients indicating clinical success. One patient had recurrence of chylous leakage after an interval of 1 month and intranodal lymphangiography was repeated for that patient. The child had technical as well as clinical success after the repeat procedure. Hence a total of 9 procedures were performed in 8 patients. Conclusion: Intranodal lymphangiography may prove to be a valuable minimally invasive therapeutic tool in cases of refractory chylous leakage in paediatric patients with minimal risk of complications. Advances in knowledge: Intranodal lymphangiography using lipiodol may prove to be a minimally invasive alternative in paediatric patients with refractory lymphatic leaks.
Promoting simulation-based training in radiology: a homemade phantom for the practice of ultrasound-guided procedures
Authors: Giannotti Elisabetta , Jethwa Ketan , Closs Samantha , Sun Rachel , Bhatti Hamnah , James Jonathan , Clarke Christopher 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Ultrasound-guided intervention is an essential skill for many radiologists and critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment in many radiology subspecialties. Simulation using phantoms have demonstrated statistically significant benefits for trainees within the literature. We propose a novel phantom model which the authors feel is ideal for training clinical radiology trainees in the performance of ultrasound-guided procedures. Methods: The recipe to prepare a homemade phantom is described. Results of a local survey from trainees preparing and using the phantom are also presented. Results: This realistic training simulation model can be adapted to suit a variety of biopsy devices and procedures including soft tissue biopsy and cyst aspiration. The phantom mimics the sonographic appearances of soft tissue and biopsy targets can be concealed within. The phantom was easily prepared by 22 trainees (Likert score 4.5) and it functioned well (Likert score of 4.7). Conclusion: In summary, our phantom model is ideal for training clinical radiology trainees in the performance of ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The availability and low cost of the model, combined with the ease of preparation and reproducibility, make this an efficient and effective addition to the training process. Advances in knowledge: A low cost easily handmade phantom recipe is described that could be easily implemented in training schemes.
Demographic and media factors affecting women’s demand for different types of health insurance: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Musoke Edward , Ssekiziyivu Bob , Mukoki James , Ashaba Claire 
Published: July 2022

Background: In the absence of a National Health Insurance Scheme, many Ugandans don’t have access to basic health care because of the high cost of attaining this health care. The problem is even worse among women who are faced with higher rates of morbidity and hospitalization. The objective of the study was to assess demographic and media factors affecting the demand for community, employer provided and private health insurance among women in Uganda. Methods: The study used secondary data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey, a nationally representative survey. The sample comprised of 18,506 women aged 15-49 years from a population of 20,880 households. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15. Descriptive statistics, Chi square tests and the Firth logistic regression were used to understand the frequency distribution of different types of health insurance, demographic and media factors, associations between different types of health insurance, demographic and media factors and the demographic and media factors affecting the demand for community, employer provided and private health insurance. Results: The results indicated low demand for different types of health insurance among women. Education and wealth were the demographic factors that affected the demand for community and employer provided health insurance while marital status, age and education were demographic factors that affected the demand for community, employer provided and private health insurance respectively. Watching television, reading newspapers and listening to radio were the media factors that affected the demand for employer provided health insurance while listening to radio was the only media factor that affected the demand for community health insurance. Conclusions: There is a need to expedite the National Health Insurance policy to enhance the uptake of health insurance among women in Uganda.
Data assimilation and agent-based modelling: towards the incorporation of categorical agent parameters
Authors: Ternes Patricia , Ward Jonathan A , Heppenstall Alison , Kumar Vijay , Kieu Le-Minh , Malleson Nick 
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the use of a particle filter—a data assimilation method—to incorporate real-time data into an agent-based model. We apply the method to a simulation of real pedestrians moving through the concourse of Grand Central Terminal in New York City (USA). The results show that the particle filter does not perform well due to (i) the unpredictable behaviour of some pedestrians and (ii) because the filter does not optimise the categorical agent parameters that are characteristic of this type of model. This problem only arises because the experiments use real-world pedestrian movement data, rather than simulated, hypothetical data, as is more common. We point to a potential solution that involves resampling some of the variables in a particle, such as the locations of the agents in space, but keeps other variables such as the agents’ choice of destination. This research illustrates the importance of including real-world data and provides a proof of concept for the application of an improved particle filter to an agent-based model. The obstacles and solutions discussed have important implications for future work that is focused on building large-scale real-time agent-based models.
Implementation and evaluation of obstetric early warning systems in tertiary care hospitals in Nigeria
Authors: Umar Aminu , Ibrahim Saidu , Liman Idris , Chama Calvin , Ijaiya Munirdeen , Mathai Matthews , Ameh Charles 
Published: July 2022

Obstetric Early Warning Systems (EWS) use combined clinical observations to predict increased risk of deterioration and alert health workers to institute actions likely to improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore the experience of health workers about the implementation of an obstetric EWS and assess its effectiveness as an alternative clinical monitoring method compared to standard practice. This mixed-method study included obstetric admissions (n = 2400) to inpatient wards between 01/08/2018 and 31/03/2019 at three Nigerian tertiary hospitals (1 intervention and two control). Outcomes assessed were the efficiency of monitoring and recording vital signs using the patient monitoring index and speed of post-EWS trigger specialist review. These were evaluated through a review of case notes before and four months after EWS was introduced. Qualitative data was collected to explore healthcare workers’ views on EWS’ acceptability and usability. EWS was correctly used in 51% (n = 307) of the women in the intervention site. Of these women, 58.6% (n = 180) were predicted to have an increased risk of deterioration, and 38.9% (n = 70) were reviewed within 1 hour. There was a significant improvement in the frequency of vital signs recording in the intervention site: observed/expected frequency improved to 0.91 from 0.57, p<0.005, but not in the control sites. Health workers reported that the EWS helped them cope with work demands while making it easier to detect and manage deteriorating patients. Nurses and doctors reported that the EWS was easy to use and that scores consistently correlated with the clinical picture of patients. Identified challenges included rotation of clinical staff, low staffing numbers and reduced availability of monitoring equipment. The implementation of EWS improved the frequency of patient monitoring, but a larger study will be required to explore the effect on health outcomes. The EWS is a feasible and acceptable tool in low-resource settings with implementation modifications.
Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN15568048. Registration date; 9/09/2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15568048
The structural changes of gray matter in Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairments
Authors: Li Lihua , Ji Bingjun , Zhao Ting , Cui Xuan , Chen Jingtao , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with cognitive impairments. However, the underlying neural mechanism of cognitive impairments in PD is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the anatomic alternations of gray matter in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their associations with neurocognitive measurements.

Methods
T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 23 PD patients with MCI, 23 PD patients without MCI, and 23 matched healthy controls. The MRI data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surfaced-based morphometry (SBM) methods to assess the structural changes in gray matter volume and cortical thickness respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to examine the diagnostic accuracies of the indexes of interest. The correlations between the structural metrics and neurocognitive assessments (e.g., Montreal cognitive assessment, MOCA; Mini-mental state examination, MMSE) were further examined.

Results
PD patients with MCI showed reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal cortex (e.g., right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus) and extended to insula as well as cerebellum compared with the healthy controls and PD patients without MIC. Thinner of cortical thickens in the temporal lobe (e.g., left middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus) extending to parietal cortex (e.g., precuneus) were found in the PD patients with MCI relative to the healthy controls and PD patients without MCI.ROC analysis indicated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values in the frontal, temporal, and subcortical structures (e.g., insula and cerebellum) could differentiate the PD patients with MCI and without MCI and healthy controls. Furthermore, GMV of the right middle frontal gyrus and cortical thickness of the right superior temporal gyrus were correlated with neurocognitive dysfunctions (e.g., MOCA and MMSE) in PD patients with MCI.

Conclusion
This study provided further evidence that PD with MCI was associated with structural alternations of brain. Morphometric analysis focusing on the cortical and subcortical regions could be biomarkers of cognitive impairments in PD patients.