bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS THAT HINDER COMMUNITY-BASED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA FROM IMPLEMENTING THE CURRICULUM EFFECTIVELY: A CASE STUDY OF TABORA REGION
Authors: Assey Ernest S. , Malingumu Winfrida , Babyegeya Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study focused on factors that hinder community-based secondary schools in Tanzania from implementing the curriculum effectively.
Methodology: A case study research design was used in this study. The data were gathered through focus group discussions and interviews with 147 people from various educational cadres, including heads of secondary schools, teachers, District Education Officers (DEO), Quality Assurer’s (QA), parents and students.
Findings: Poor reading culture among students, poor teaching and learning environments, a problem with the medium of instruction, poor parental engagement in children's education, teacher shortages, poor managerial skills among school leaders, and a lack of in-service training among teachers are the main factors that hinder effective curriculum implementation community-based secondary schools in Tanzania, according to the findings of the study.
Unique contribution to practice, theory and strategy: The study's findings help educational stakeholders better understand how curriculum implementation is impacted when a school lacks adequate teaching and learning infrastructure, adequate teaching and learning materials, adequate teaching staffs, and adequate funding to support in-service training for teaching staff. The study's conclusions also supported Rogers' Diffusion Theory's main claim, which holds that effective curriculum implementation is a function of the school environment, which ensures effective interaction between teachers and students as well as teaching and learning materials, as opposed to ineffective curriculum implementation if the school environment does not ensure effective interaction.
Recommendations: The study recommended that Tanzania's government should continue with initiatives to increase the number of teachers, revise the policy governing the medium of instruction in schools, improve the teaching and learning environment as well as infrastructures, schools should fully engage parents in decision-making, improve in-service teacher training, and school heads should undergo frequent training on pedagogical leadership skills as a means of ensuring effective curriculum implementation in community-based secondary schools.
An improved, time-efficient approach to extract accurate distance restraints for NMR2 structure calculation
Authors: Pokharna Aditya , Torres Felix , Kadavath Harindranath , Orts Julien , Riek Roland 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Exact nuclear Overhauser enhancement (eNOE) yields highly accurate, ensemble averaged 1H–1H distance restraints with an accuracy of up to 0.1 Å for the multi-state structure determination of proteins as well as for nuclear magnetic resonance molecular replacement (NMR2) to determine the structure of the protein–ligand interaction site in a time-efficient manner. However, in the latter application, the acquired eNOEs lack the obtainable precision of 0.1 Å because of the asymmetrical nature of the filtered nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) experiment used in NMR2. This error is further propagated to the eNOE equations used to fit and extract the distance restraints. In this work, a new analysis method is proposed to obtain inter-molecular distance restraints from the filtered NOESY spectrum more accurately and intuitively by dividing the NOE cross peak by the corresponding diagonal peak of the ligand. The method termed diagonal-normalised eNOEs was tested on the data acquired by Torres et al. (2020) on the complex of PIN1 and a small, weak-binding phenylimidazole fragment. NMR2 calculations performed using the distances derived from diagonal-normalised eNOEs yielded the right orientation of the fragment in the binding pocket and produced a structure that more closely resembles the benchmark X-ray structure (2XP6) (Potter et al., 2010) with an average heavy-atom root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 1.681 Å with respect to it, when compared to the one produced with traditional NMR2 with an average heavy atom RMSD of 3.628 Å. This is attributed to the higher precision of the evaluated distance restraints.
Importance of Current Ratio and Dividend Yield Ratio in Moderating Process on Stock Prices
Authors: Sunaryo Deni 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the influence of Gross Profit Margin, Receivable Turn Over and Long Term Debt to Equity Ratio on Stock Price with Current Ratio and Dividen Yield Ratio as moderating variables. This study used the object of the Batubara subsector company on the Southeast Asian Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2020. The data collected is secondary data with documentation methods in the form of company annual reports. The analysis tool used to test hypotheses is the IBM SPPS V26. The sampling method used in this study using purposive sampling techniques was obtained by 9 companies that presented complete financial statements, so that 81 samples were obtained. The analytical techniques used are deskriptif statistical analysis, classical assumption test, moderated regression analysis (MRA), multiple linear regression, t test test, and f test. The results of the study partially concluded that Gross Profit Margin has no significant effect on Stock Price, Receivable Turn Over has a significant effect on Stock Price and Long Term Debt to Equity Ratio has no significant effect on Stock price. The results of the study simultaneously showed that the value of Fcount 13,962 and Ftable 2,72 means that Fcount > Ftable or a significant value of 0,000<0,05. So far, Gross Profit Margin, Receivable Turn Over and Long Term Debt to Equity Ratio simultaneously have a significant effect on Stock Prices. The results of moderately regression analysis (MRA) research show that Current Ratio does not moderate Gross Profit Margin to Stock Prices, Current Ratio does moderate Receivable Turn Over to Stock Price and Current Ratio does not moderate Long Term Debt to Equity Ratio on Stock Prices, Dividen Yield Ratio does not moderate Gross Profit Margin to Stock Prices, Dividen Yield Ratio does moderate Receivable Turn Over to Stock Price and Dividen Yield Ratio does not moderate Long Term Debt to Equity Ratio on Stock Prices.
EVALUATION OF BELIEF IN COVID-19 MYTHS AND LEVELS OF COVID-19 ANXIETY AND PERCEPTION OF HEALTH IN PREGNANCY
Authors: GÜN KAKAŞÇI Çiğdem , DURMAZ Ayşegül 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to establish pregnant women's belief in COVID-19 myths, COVID-19 anxiety and perception of health levels during the pandemic.
Method: This study was a descriptive study of 473 pregnant women. Introductory Information Form, COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, Health Perception Scale and the form of myths related to COVID-19 Pandemic were used. During data analysis, descriptive statistics, One way anova test, Independent groups t test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman correlation analyses were performed.
Results: A correlation was found between the average number of people believing in COVID-19 myths and the mean scores obtained from the COVID-19 anxiety scale (r=0.093, p=0.042) and the perception of health (r=0.115, p=0.012) scale. The difference between mean age and gestational week values and the average number of people believing in COVID-19 myths (p=0.000; p=0.004), the mean scores obtained from COVID-19 anxiety (p=0.000; p=0.006) and perception of Health (p=0.008; p=0.036) scales was significant. The mean number of people believing in myths in unplanned pregnancies (p=0.011) and the mean score from COVID-19 anxiety scale (p=0.004) were higher.
Conclusion: The level of belief in COVID-19 myths in pregnant women was found to be associated with anxiety and perception of health. Belief in myths, perception of health and anxiety levels increased with increasing gestational week and increasing gestational age. Belief in myths and anxiety levels were lower in planned pregnancies. While pregnant women's belief in myths increased their anxiety level, it also resulted in an increase in the perception of health.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal-Soal Pemecahan Masalah Matematika pada Siswa Kelas XI MIA SMA
Authors: Azis Azis , Iriana Artati , Sudin La 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal pemecahan masalah matematika materi program linear. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 2 Lasalimu Selatan Kecamatan Lasalimu Selatan Kabupaten Buton dengan populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Lasalimu Selatan yang berjumlah 40 siswa dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yang perhatian utamanya adalah hasil tes matematika siswa pada materi program linear. Berdasarkan hasil jawaban siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Lasalimu Selatan yang telah dianalisis oleh peneliti dapat dilihat bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh 20 responden pada 5 nomor soal yaitu kesalahan konsep sebanyak 8 dengan persentase sekitar 8%, kesalahan prinsip sebanyak 35 dengan persentase sekitar 35%, dan kesalahan operasi sebanyak 35 dengan persentase sekitar 35%. Responden melakukan kesalahan konsep karena kurang memahami makna soal dalam menerjemahkan ke dalam kalimat matematika. Responden melakukan kesalahan prinsip karena tidak memahami aturan-aturan atau rumus yang akan digunakan. Responden melakukan kesalahan operasi karena keliru dalam pengerjaan aljabar atau pengerjaan hitung. Oleh sebab itu, perlu menjadi perhatian guru mata pelajaran agar ditingkatkan lagi pemahaman siswa mengenai pemahaman konsep, prinsip, dan operasi, khususnya materi program linear dengan menjelaskan kembali masalah-masalah yang tidak dimengerti siswa tersebut.
The effect of adding robot-assisted hand rehabilitation to conventional rehabilitation program following stroke: A randomized-controlled study
Authors: Bayındır Ozun , Akyüz Gülseren , Sekban Nimet 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of adding robot-assisted hand therapy (HandTutor) to conventional rehabilitation program compared to a conventional rehabilitation program alone in stroke survivors.
Patients and methods: Between March 2012 and December 2012, a total of 33 stroke patients (21 males, 12 females; median age: 56 years; range, 38 to 73 years) were included in this prospective, randomized-controlled study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as experimental (n=16) and control (n=17). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation for 3 h/day, for two days/week, totally for five weeks, while the experimental group received additional 1-hour robot-assisted hand therapy during each session. Outcome measures were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Box and Block Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, grip strength, and pinch strength. All patients were assessed at baseline, at the end of the treatment, and three months after the treatment.
Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all the parameters (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups at any time points (p>0.05). The changes between baseline and three-month follow-up after the treatment revealed that adding robot-aided hand therapy led to greater changes in all the parameters related to functional activities and muscle strength, except for the Fugl-Meyer Assessment.
Conclusion: Adding robot-assisted therapy to conventional rehabilitation may provide greater changes in upper extremity rehabilitation of subacute stroke patients compared to conventional rehabilitation program alone.
Students' Motivation and Perception in Learning Social Science Using Distance Learning Modality during COVID-19- Pandemic
Authors: T. Beboso Charlene Grace , M. Bual Joel 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This paper assessed the motivation and perception of Grade 12 public school students in learning social science during the pandemic. It also investigated the difference in their motivation and perception.
Study Design: Descriptive-comparative design.
Place and Duration of Study: School Division of a Component City in Northern Negros Occidental, between January 2021 to July 2022.
Methodology: The study utilized the descriptive-comparative design. The study was assessed by 436 stratified randomly sampled students. The assessments were gathered using the modified motivation and perception questionnaires. In analyzing the data, mean, standard deviation, Mann Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis were employed.
Results: Generally, the motivation (M=3.83, SD= 0.67) shows an agreeable result. The extrinsic goal orientation (M=4.15, SD= 0.88) is rated highest with an agreeable result, and social engagement (M=3.46, SD= 0.92) is the lowest with a neutral result. Meanwhile, they have agreeable perceptions (M=3.69, SD= 0.65) with perceived value (M=3.79, SD= 0.79) as highest and perceived teachers' attitude (M=3.46, SD= 0.89) as lowest. Moreover, there was no difference in their motivation when group according to sex [U=21954.5, p=0.721] and track [U=22104.0, p=0.875]. While a significant difference in academic performance [χ2(4)=53.069, p=0.000]. In terms of perception, it found no difference when grouped according to sex [U=22309.0, p=0.771] and track [U=22163.0, p=0.912]. While a significant difference in academic performance [χ2(4)=32.042, p=0.000].
Conclusion: The study implies the need to address students' motivation and perception issues to ensure their quality learning of social science.
An Overview of Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring of Drugs and Vaccines during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tembe-Fokunang Estella Achick , Nyuki Banin Andrew , Fokam Joseph , Fonmboh Dobgima John , Kaba Kristen Nubia , Fokunang Lovet Benyella , Mbopi-Keou François-Xavier , Therese Abena, Ondoua Obama Marie , Duerr Ralf , Fokunang Charles Ntungwen 
Published: August 2022

Once a drug is approved in phase III of clinical trials, pharmacovigilance (PV) becomes very important for the surveillance of drug, vaccine or medical devices. PV constitutes part of the phase IV approval, which involves a study for collecting, detecting, and monitoring adverse events in any population that the drug is used. The adverse events that are reported must be assessed to ascertain the causal effects and prevent or avoid unanticipated side effects on the population. With the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination has been the motor for the management of the pandemic, and through intensive health sensitization, more people are vaccinated in a short period leading to greater challenges to the PV taskforce and the PV operating centrers. Global partnerships including the international society of pharmacovigilance (ISOP), the French national agency for medicines and health products safety (ANSM), and a multitude of others are working in synergy towards putting in place a continuous collaboration work package with many sensitization, education, capacity building, and research initiatives. This is within the framework of identifying the safety and efficacy of vaccines in order to provide solutions to emerging challenging ethical questions.
Through PV, signal detection is in progress for the identification of adverse events. The unanticipated emergence and negative impact of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly compelled global pharmacists and drug actors to collectively play an important role in the management of COVID-19. This has to be done within the framework of therapeutic strategies and guaranteed safety, efficacy and quality of new and old xenobiotics. In the current treatment COVID-19 has created health-related challenges and a shift in paradigm in drug discovery and development of new chemical entities (NCE), for vaccine or drug repurposing for different levels of treatment interventions. The accelerated interest in dynamic research and innovation have led to different approaches of treatment and this has come with potential side effects, which has led to the call for post marketing surveillance and monitory. PV is therefore a key component for phase IV study for the drugs and vaccines approved for global use. This paper gives an insight into the global PV monitoring and surveillance of new chemical entities (drugs and vaccines) and new technologies targeting the management of COVID-19.
Plaque Control Efficacy: Interdental Brushes versus Dental Floss
Authors: Sultan Madiha , Qureshi Saima , Jamelle Asher , Rashid Saqib , Ali Mehwish Feroz , Khero Umair 
Published: August 2022

Aims: In this study, we compared plaque control efficacy between interdental brushes & dental floss for the prevention of periodontal disease (gingivitis). We also investigated the convenient method for plaque control among these two interdental cleaning methods in routine.
Study Design: Randomized clinical trial
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontology at Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from Jan 2019 to July 2020.
Methodology: The sample size of 180 was calculated using OpenEpi software each group (Interdental brush & Dental floss) carried 90 patients respectively at 95% confidence interval and 80% power of the test. Probability sampling technique was used. The Clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier: NCT05439785). Ethical approval was taken from the Ethical Review Committee of Ziauddin University (1130519MSOM). SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the study data. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The statistical results showed significant improvement in the plaque score and bleeding index among patients pre and post intervention (p <0.001). Moreover, this study stated that interdental brush was slightly better in reducing interproximal plaque accumulation in patients of gingivitis (p <0.001). The symptom of bleeding from the gingival tissue was also improved by using both interdental cleaning methods. The posterior region appeared to be a difficult site to use both the intervention (interdental brushes or dental floss). Both interdental cleaning methods assisted in the improvement of other symptoms like sensitivity, halitosis, and food impaction in the patients.
Conclusion: The findings of our research revealed that both interdental cleaning methods had a statistically significant effect in removing interdental plaque, with little variation in plaque removal seen between interdental brush and dental floss when compared to baseline. This study endorses better outcome of interdental brush in reducing dental plaque accumulation than dental floss in the gingivitis patients.
Real-world Associations of US Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Programs With Nutritional and Pulmonary Outcomes
Authors: Rosenfeld Margaret , Ostrenga Josh , Cromwell Elizabeth A. , Magaret Amalia , Szczesniak Rhonda , Fink Aliza , Schechter Michael S. , Faro Albert , Ren Clement L. , Morgan Wayne , Sanders Don B. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceNewborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been universal in the US since 2010, but its association with clinical outcomes is unclear.ObjectiveTo describe the real-world effectiveness of NBS programs for CF in the US on outcomes up to age 10 years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study using CF Foundation Patient Registry data from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. The staggered implementation of NBS programs by state was used to compare longitudinal outcomes among children in the same birth cohort born before vs after the implementation of NBS for CF in their state of birth. Participants included children with an established diagnosis of CF born between January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, in any of the 44 states that implemented NBS for CF between 2003 and 2010. Data were analyzed from October 5, 2020, to April 22, 2022.ExposuresBirth before vs after the implementation of NBS for CF in the state of birth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLongitudinal trajectory of height and weight percentiles from diagnosis, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, [FEV1] percent predicted) from age 6 years, and age at initial and chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa using linear mixed-effects and time-to-event models adjusting for birth cohort and potential confounders.ResultsA total of 9571 participants (4713 female participants [49.2%]) were eligible for inclusion, with 4510 (47.1%) in the pre-NBS cohort. NBS was associated with higher weight and height percentiles in the first year of life (weight, 6.0; 95% CI, 3.1-8.4; height, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.8-9.3), but these differences decreased with age. There was no association between NBS and FEV1 at age 6 years, but the percent-predicted FEV1 did increase more rapidly with age in the post-NBS cohort. NBS was associated with older age at chronic P aeruginosa infection (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89) but not initial P aeruginosa infection (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-1.01).Conclusions and RelevanceNBS for CF in the US was associated with improved nutritional status up to age 10 years, a more rapid increase in lung function, and delayed chronic P aeruginosa infection. In the future, as highly effective modulator therapies become available for infants with CF, NBS will allow for presymptomatic initiation of these disease-modifying therapies before irreversible organ damage.
Understanding Immune‐Driven Brain Aging by Human Brain Organoid Microphysiological Analysis Platform
Authors: Ao Zheng , Song Sunghwa , Tian Chunhui , Cai Hongwei , Li Xiang , Miao Yifei , Wu Zhuhao , Krzesniak Jonathan , Ning Bo , Gu Mingxia , Lee Luke P. , Guo Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aging of the immune system drives systemic aging and the pathogenesis of age‐related diseases. However, a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding immune‐driven aging, especially in brain aging, due to the limited current in vitro models of neuroimmune interaction. Here, the authors report the development of a human brain organoid microphysiological analysis platform (MAP) to discover the dynamic process of immune‐driven brain aging. The organoid MAP is created by 3D printing that confines organoid growth and facilitates cell and nutrition perfusion, promoting organoid maturation and their committment to forebrain identity. Dynamic rocking flow is incorporated into the platform that allows to perfuse primary monocytes from young (20 to 30‐year‐old) and aged (>60‐year‐old) donors and culture human cortical organoids to model neuroimmune interaction. The authors find that the aged monocytes increase infiltration and promote the expression of aging‐related markers (e.g., higher expression of p16) within the human cortical organoids, indicating that aged monocytes may drive brain aging. The authors believe that the organoid MAP may provide promising solutions for basic research and translational applications in aging, neural immunological diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.