bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Climate Change Has Been Ignored: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Zhan Jingqiu , Gao Huaiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article provides readers with observations and analysis from the perspective of two Chinese scholars to find out why such an existential crisis for humanity as climate change could be deliberately ignored. Starting with reflections of the authors’ personal reaction to Greta Thunberg, the article turns to a take a bigger picture of people’s responses. Therefore, discussions of the Greta Thunberg phenomenon in major Chinese social media are presented to seek out how people with different backgrounds in China reacted towards Greta’s behavior. Following that, it explores the influential factors that explain why the public reacts so slowly and cautiously to the threat of climate change, and why there are so many negative reactions. It is hoped that the reflections can counterbalance the tendency of social scientists to remain aloof and mute.
Bariatric surgery in a public hospital: a 10‐year experience
Authors: Aly Ahmad , Spiro Calista , Liu David S. , Mori Krinal , Lim Hou K. , Blackham Ruth , Erese Raymund J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionObesity is common and adversely impacts quality‐of‐life and healthcare cost. In Australia, less than 10% of bariatric surgeries are performed in the public sector. This study reports our 10‐year experience from a high volume public bariatric service which delivers multi‐disciplinary care for primary and revisional procedures with mid‐ to long‐term follow‐up.MethodsA prospectively maintained database of all patients who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2010 to January 2020 at a tertiary metropolitan hospital was analysed. We analysed patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative outcomes, 2‐ and 5‐year weight loss as well as comorbidities reduction.ResultsA total of 995 patients underwent 1086 (674 primary and 412 revisional) bariatric procedures with mean age of 46.9 years, mean BMI of 49.6 ± 9.1 kg/m2 and 92% patients with ≥1 obesity‐related co‐morbidity. Length‐of‐stay was longer for revisional than primary surgery (5.6 vs. 3.5 days). Major complication rate was 4.2%. Overall, % Total body weight loss (%TBWL) for primary surgeries at 2 years was 26.2%, and for revision surgery was 17.4%. At 2 years follow‐up, treatment was ceased or reduced in 65% of diabetics, 29% of hypertensive patients and 69% of sleep apnoea patients.ConclusionThis study confirms that bariatric surgery in Australia can be delivered effectively in resource constrained public health system with outcomes similar to private sector.
How to minimize the impact of COVID‐19 on laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery training?
Authors: Xu Jingyun , Zhou Zhihao , Chen Kai , Ding Yue , Hua Yue , Ren Mulan , Shen Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBecause of special technical challenges, laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery (LESS) has been introduced into surgical practice, with surgeons required to have adequate training. The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly affected every aspect of healthcare systems, including LESS training, which must be modified to minimize the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA 3‐session training programme was designed in 2020 during the epidemic, which was modified in 2019 before the pandemic. Session 1 was an online study on LESS knowledge. Session 2 involved the trainees' self‐directed simulator‐training. Task performance was evaluated using the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) scoring. Session 3 was practical training, including trainers' live surgical video demonstrations and trainees' surgical video feedback after training. Video feedback performance was evaluated using the modified global rating scale (GRS). Furthermore, trainees completed a general self‐efficacy (GSE) instrument. Forty‐two gynaecology trainees were allocated into two groups: novices (n = 32) and experts (n = 10).ResultsCompared with pre‐training, FLS scores improved in peg transfer (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01) and pattern cutting (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001) for novices and experts, respectively. Participants (81% versus 67%) provided first and second video feedback, respectively. Compared to the first feedback, the GRS scores of both groups improved significantly in the second feedback. All trainees showed an increase in GSE after training (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe modified LESS training programme is a practical and effective option that allows trainees to continue training during the epidemic.
Minor impact on fertility in men with inflammatory bowel disease: A National Cohort Study from Sweden
Authors: Druvefors Emma , Andersson Roland E. , Hammar Ulf , Landerholm Kalle , Myrelid Pär 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackground and AimsOnset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in men is most common during childbearing age, but little is known about the impact on fertility. Previous studies of fertility in men were small, which justifies this large nation‐based registry study.MethodsFertility was assessed in a national cohort of men with IBD aged 15–44 years in 1964–2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register, and in a reference cohort matched for age and place of residence (ratio 1:5). Information about childbirths was found in the Swedish Multi‐Generation Register. Patients with indeterminate colitis or inconsistent IBD coding were classified as IBD‐unclassified (IBD‐U).ResultsThe cohorts included 29,104 men with IBD and 140,901 matched individuals. IBD patients had a lower fertility rate (number of births per 1000 person years) compared with the matched individuals; 1.28 (SD 1.27) versus 1.35 (SD 1.31; p < 0.001). Fertility was somewhat impaired in all IBD subtypes compared with the matched cohort; ulcerative colitis (UC) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, 95% CI 0.91–0.96), Crohn's disease (CD) (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.98) and IBD‐U 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95. The cumulated total parity and the parity progression were also decreased for all IBD subtypes. Within the IBD cohort disease severity, intensity of medical treatment (CD) and bowel surgery (IBD‐U) were further associated with impaired fertility.ConclusionsThis nationwide cohort study shows only slightly impaired fertility in men with IBD.
Efforts in adopting the ultra‐processed food and soft drinks labeling legislation in a COVID‐19 environment: The cases of Colombia and Mexico
Authors: Mayett‐Moreno Yesica , Sabogal‐Salamanca Mauricio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabetes contributes to COVID‐19 deaths in Colombia and Mexico, where the latter having the highest prevalence of diabetes among OECD countries. Some reports consider that advertising influences diabetes by confusing labels on ultra‐processed foods and soft drinks that lead to unhealthy food choices. Both countries are in the process of modifying their labeling legislation; however, governments and food industries have pushed to delay its implementation. Using a mixed research design, we interviewed 550 consumers in both countries during June–July 2020; a high number of respondents misunderstand today's food labeling and are unaware of the new labeling legislation. Respondents strongly agree that the food industry should be in charge of changing the labels; otherwise, they would consider not buying their products. Using cluster analysis, we identified three groups that would help design public policies, nutritional and educational campaigns. Although changes in food labeling alone are not enough to reduce obesity and diabetes rates, food labels constitute public health tools due they assist consumers to make food and nutritional choices (considering that nutrition can help prevent and overcome COVID‐19). The costs of maintaining current labels could increase Colombians and Mexicans illnesss and poverty. These deceptive practices of the food industry would harm their brands.
Changes in the amplitude decremental response to repetitive nerve stimulation following fast‐acting treatment in patients with myasthenia gravis during hospitalization
Authors: Naito Hiroyuki , Sugimoto Takamichi , Kurokawa Katsumi , Kimoto Kazuki , Abe Takafumi , Matsuoka Chika , Ohno Narumi , Giga Mayumi , Kono Tomoyuki , Ueno Hiroki , Nomura Eiichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to determine the amplitude changes in repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) decrement values after fast‐acting treatments (FTs), including plasmapheresis, high‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 41 patients with MG who received RNS after FT. The median, ulnar, facial, accessory and axillary nerves were tested. An improvement in the quantitative MG score of ≥3 or in the MG activities of daily living scale score of ≥2 was used to define clinical improvement posttreatment. A decrement of ≥10% was defined as abnormal.ResultsAmong 41 enrolled patients (ocular type 13 and generalized type 28), 22 (53.7%) showed clinical improvement after treatment. Among generalized MG patients, the proportion of improvement of abnormal RNS decrement in the proximal muscles, including frontalis, trapezius and deltoid, was significantly greater in the group with clinical improvement than in the group without clinical improvement (46.7% vs 0%, P = 0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that the quantitative myasthenia gravis score at admission and improvement in abnormal amplitude decrement were associated with a response to FT (P = 0.015 and P = 0.045, respectively).ConclusionsThe changes in amplitude decrements detected by RNS reflected the therapeutic effect of FT in patients with generalized MG. RNS responses in the proximal muscles might be potentially useful as an objective measure of improvement after aggressive immunotherapy in patients with MG during hospitalization.
Children's experiences of a good environment and its future—Developing theoretical framework for children's wellbeing
Authors: Tuukkanen Terhi , Pekkarinen Elina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNo theoretical framework for the wellbeing of children has yet been developed from the perspectives of the state of the environment and the future of the planet as the children themselves experience them. This article explores the experiences that Finnish 5‐ to 19‐year‐old children have of a good living environment and its future in the context of Erik Allardt's theory of wellbeing. In line with Allardt's three‐tier categorisation, children find physical needs, social relationships and opportunities for fulfilment to be important in their environment (having, loving and being). In this article, a fourth dimension oflivingis introduced to supplement Allardt's theory.
Allergic contact dermatitis to Compositae: An Australian case series
Authors: Punchihewa Nisal , Palmer Amanda , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to Compositae is caused by sensitisation to sesquiterpene lactones (SQLs) and subsequent exposure can occur from direct handling or from airborne transmission. Plants from the Compositae family are ubiquitous globally and their plant extracts are also used in various products.ObjectivesInvestigation of contact allergy (CA) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to Compositae at a single dermatology centre.MethodsA retrospective case review was performed on patients undergoing patch testing to Compositae between January 2011 and December 2020 in Melbourne, Australia.ResultsOf 3679 patients, 44 (1.2%) patch tested positive to Compositae and 19 (43.2%) reactions were deemed relevant. Thirteen cases (68.4%) were from direct contact with Compositae plants, mostly in gardeners. Six cases (31.6%) were from personal products and all these patients were female. Involvement of the face was significant (p = 0.007). Simultaneous allergic reactions included SQL mix in eight (42.1%), fragrance mix in seven (36.8%), potassium dichromate in three (15.8%) and colophonium in two (10.5%) cases.ConclusionContact with Compositae from gardening contributed most cases of ACD; however, personal products accounted almost one‐third of cases. Treatment options remain limited and avoidance is the most important aspect of management.
Barriers to help‐seeking among music festival attendees in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Page Robert , Healey Amy , Siefried Krista J. , Harrod Mary Ellen , Franklin Erica , Peacock Amy , Barratt Monica J. , Brett Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrompt help‐seeking behaviour by music festival attendees can reduce risks associated with drug use; however, little is known about perceived barriers to help‐seeking when experiencing or witnessing illness at music festivals. We explored potential barriers and their association with festivalgoer characteristics.MethodsWe conducted an on‐site cross‐sectional survey of attendees at New South Wales music festivals in 2019/2020. Perceived barriers to help‐seeking in the hypothetical event of the respondent or a friend becoming unwell at the festival were assessed, and regression analyses were conducted to identify characteristics associated with these barriers.ResultsAcross six festivals, 1229 people were surveyed and four‐fifths (83.2%) reported ≥1 barrier: 32.7% fear of getting in trouble with the police, 20.6% not knowing where to find help, 17.2% not knowing how unwell someone might be and 15.3% concern about friends or relatives finding out. In multivariable analyses, people of diverse sexuality and people using drugs that day had greater odds of reporting fear of trouble with the police. People reporting drug use that day had lower odds of reporting not knowing where to find help. Men, gender‐diverse people and people using drugs that day had greater odds of reporting concern about friends or relatives finding out.Discussion and ConclusionsOur data substantiate concerns regarding policing strategies and their impact on festivals. Initiatives to support conversations about drugs with friends and families may be best targeted to younger people and those from gender‐diverse backgrounds.
Analysis of 256 pediatric oral and maxillofacial emergency in‐patients during the outbreak of COVID‐19
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Juan , Li Wan‐shan , Xiang Li , Liao Li‐Shu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsPediatric oral and maxillofacial surgeons have faced severe challenges in ward management due to their high risk of exposure during the COVID‐19 epidemic. The aim of this study was to analyze and summarize the treatment methods and infection prevention and control measures applied in emergency cases in the Department of Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, during the COVID‐19 epidemic.MethodsIn this retrospective study, information was collected from 256 pediatric emergency patients who were treated from January 23, 2020 to August 9, 2021. The patients' data were statistically analyzed according to age, gender, disease and pathogenesis, operation time, and the main treatment applied in pediatric oral and maxillofacial emergency cases during the COVID‐19 epidemic.ResultsDuring the epidemic period, 256 pediatric emergency patients were successfully treated. Among them, there were 170 boys and 86 girls. In all, 182 patients were diagnosed with oral or facial lacerations; 43 had jaw fractures; 26 had maxillofacial infections; and five had dento‐alveolar fractures. A total of 246 patients underwent surgery under negative pressure with level 3 protection standards. No doctors or patients infected with COVID‐19 were found throughout the stury period.ConclusionsPediatric oral and maxillofacial emergency in‐patients mainly experienced maxillofacial trauma during the COVID‐19 epidemic, followed by infection. Effective diagnosis and treatment, and avoidance of COVID‐19 infection can be achieved by strictly following epidemic prevention and treatment procedures.
Acquired aplastic anemia following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination
Authors: Röth Alexander , Bertram Stefanie , Schroeder Thomas , Haverkamp Thomas , Voigt Sebastian , Holtkamp Caroline , Klump Hannes , Wörmann Bernhard , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Alashkar Ferras 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 is a potential life‐threatening viral disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 and was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. mRNA‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines are routinely recommended in immune‐compromised patients, including patients with AA, as these patients are at increased risk of contracting COVID‐19 and developing a more severe course of disease. Between March 2021 and November 2021 relapse of AA occurred in four (age [median]: 53 years, range 30–84 years) out of 135 patients currently registered at our department and two de novo cases of AA in temporal context to vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2, were documented. Median time after first COVID‐19 vaccination and relapse of AA was 77 days. All relapsed patients were vaccinated with the mRNA‐based vaccine Comirnaty®. Relapse in two out of the four patients was refractory to CsA/eltrombopag, favoring IST with hATG/CsA or BMT, respectively. Our observations should prompt clinicians to take vaccine‐induced relapse of AA or de novo AA after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination into account. Furthermore, careful clinical monitoring and vigilance for signs or symptoms that may indicate relapse of AA (e.g., bleeding complications) are indicated.
Developments in remeshing‐free fatigue crack growth simulation including a new adaptive virtual crack closure technique
Authors: Karimi Saeid , Haji Aboutalebi Farhad , Heidari‐Rarani Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate and improve the remeshing‐free fatigue crack growth (FCG) simulation and life estimation through two developing FEM‐VCCT and XFEMPN‐VCCT algorithms in Abaqus. First, new energy‐based forms of the Paris, Walker, and Elber FCG models are implemented by a user subroutine, a novel systematic meshing strategy is proposed, and some challenging features of these algorithms are investigated. Despite the success of this methodology in enhancing efficiency, decreasing the run‐time, and preventing potential errors, it is observed that the XFEMPN‐VCCT algorithm has some fundamental errors such as a serious overestimation in FCG life prediction. Thus, a novel “adaptive VCCT” is introduced and implemented by a Python script in Abaqus in the form of a new XFEMPN‐AVCCT algorithm. It is finally concluded that the adaptive VCCT can significantly enhance the accuracy of FCG simulation and life estimation.
Spatial compositional turnover varies with trophic level and body size in marine assemblages of micro‐ and macroorganisms
Authors: Pettersen Amanda K. , Coleman Melinda A. , Latombe Guillaume , Gonzalez Sebastian Vadillo , Williams Nathan L. R. , Seymour Justin R. , Campbell Alexandra H. , Thomas Torsten , Ferrari Renata , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Edgar Graham J. , Steinberg Peter D. , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimSpatial compositional turnover varies considerably among co‐occurring assemblages of organisms, presumably shaped by common processes related to species traits. We investigated patterns of spatial turnover in a diverse set of marine assemblages using zeta diversity, which extends traditional pairwise measures of turnover to capture the roles of both rare and common species in shaping assemblage turnover. We tested the generality of hypothesized patterns related to ecological traits and provide insights into mechanisms of biodiversity change.LocationTemperate pelagic and benthic marine assemblages of micro‐ and macroorganisms along south‐eastern Australia (30–36° S latitude).Time period2008–2021.Major taxa studiedBacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, and macrobenthic groups.MethodsSix marine datasets spanning bacteria to fishes were collated for measures of “species” occurrence, with a 1° latitude grain. For each assemblage, ecological traits of body size, habitat and trophic level were analysed for the form and rate of decline in zeta diversity and for the species retention rate.ResultsSpecies at higher trophic levels showed two to three times the rate of zeta diversity decline compared with lower trophic levels, indicating an increase in turnover from phytoplankton to carnivorous fishes. Body size showed the hypothesized unimodal relationship with rates of turnover for macroorganisms. Patterns of bacterial turnover contrasted with those found for macroorganisms, with the highest levels of turnover in pelagic habitats compared with benthic (kelp‐associated) habitats. The shape of retention rate curves showed the importance of both rare and common species in driving turnover; a finding that would not have been observable using pairwise (beta diversity) measures of turnover.Main conclusionsOur results support theoretical predictions for phytoplankton and macroorganisms, showing an increase in turnover rate with trophic level, but these predictions did not hold for bacteria. Such deviations from theory need to be investigated further to identify underlying processes that govern microbial assemblage dynamics.
Development of a Default Vapor Intrusion Attenuation Factor for Industrial Buildings
Authors: Eklund Bart , Ricondo Carly , Artz‐Patton Helen , Milose Jessica , Wong Chi‐Wah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn investigation at a major industrial facility in the Midwestern United States provides insights regarding the amount of attenuation of sub‐surface vapors occurring at industrial buildings. The buildings at the facility were ranked in terms of vapor intrusion potential and testing began in October 2016 and is ongoing. Results have been evaluated for data collected at 718 unique locations across 77 buildings. A total of 1646 sample pairs (sub‐slab and indoor air) have been collected and analyzed for 65 analytes, resulting in a total of 106,990 data pairs. As many as 49 sample pairs were collected within a given building during a single sampling event and up to 11 rounds of seasonal testing have been performed at selected buildings. Seasonal variability in sub‐slab soil‐gas concentrations was found to be negligible. Data analysis was performed to look for data trends across the entire data set and identify inter‐building comparisons. This data evaluation focused on individual volatile organic compounds (e.g., tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene) present in the sub‐slab soil gas at concentrations exceeding 1000 μg/m3. A total of 157 building‐specific attenuation coefficients (α) were evaluated. This evaluation demonstrated that large industrial buildings have a much greater attenuation than that assumed for single‐family residential buildings. All attenuation coefficient values were lower than 0.03, which is the standard regulatory default for non‐residential buildings. The median value was 9.3E‐05 and the 95% upper confidence limit was 2.7E‐04. There is some evidence of lower attenuation under wintertime conditions. The data suggests that the default attenuation factor of 0.03 over‐predicts indoor air impacts at this industrial facility by at least two orders of magnitude.