bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Induced In‐Plane Rotation of Microobjects on Microfibers
Authors: Lyu Wei , Tang Weiwei , Yan Wei , Qiu Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe transfer of momentum carried by photons into a microobject has been widely used to actuate the microobject. However, this scheme is defective in nonliquid environments due to the scale gap between friction force (N) and optical force (pN). To overcome this problem, the researchers have recently proposed to take advantage of elastic waves induced by optical absorption. Grounded on this insight, here, the in‐plane rotation of a gold microplate in its surface contacting with a microfiber is demonstrated and characterized. The in‐plane rotation is actuated by laser pulses guided into the microfiber, and its speed increases with laser power. Furthermore, the underlying physical mechanisms supported with numerical simulations are examined, highlighting the joint role of the spatial gradient of optical absorption and the asymmetry in two wings of the plate. The combined experimental and theoretical results offer new insights into the study of the light‐induced actuation of the microobjects in nonliquid environments, an emerging field far from being mature in both comprehensive understanding and practical applications.
On the algebraization of Henkin‐type second‐order logic
Authors: Ferenczi Miklós 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is an extensive literature related to the algebraization of first‐order logic. But the algebraization of full second‐order logic, or Henkin‐type second‐order logic, has hardly been researched. The question arises: what kind of set algebra is the algebraic version of a Henkin‐type model of second‐order logic? The question is investigated within the framework of the theory of cylindric algebras. The answer is: a kind of cylindric‐relativized diagonal restricted set algebra. And the class of the subdirect products of these set algebras is the algebraization of Henkin‐type second‐order logic. It is proved that the algebraization of a complete calculus of the Henkin‐type second‐order logic is a class of a kind of diagonal restricted cylindric algebras. Furthermore, the connection with the non‐standard enlargements of standard complete second‐order structures is investigated.
Combining Microwave‐Assisted Foaming and Post Curing Process to Prepare Lightweight Flexible Polyimide Foams for Thermal Insulation Applications
Authors: Ni Long , Luo Yinfu , Qiu Baowei , Yan Liwei , Zou Huawei , Zhou Shengtai , Liang Mei , Liu Pengbo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLightweight flexible polyimide foams (PIFs) with different rigid‐flexible molecular structure networks are prepared by microwave‐assisted foaming of polyester ammonium salt (PEAS) precursor powders, followed by post curing process to complete final imidization. The optimum foaming temperatures of PEAS precursors range from 85 to 135 °C, and the melting rate of PEAS is adjusted to meet the volatile releasing rate to fabricate PIFs. Results show that PIFs with nearly fully open cell rate (99.99%), micron pore sizes (400–500 µm), and micro/nano multiscale structures exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility and elasticity. The prepared PIFs demonstrate exceptional thermal stability and heat resistance in both dynamic and static environments. The PIFs possess low thermal conductivity and superior thermal insulation properties that demonstrate potential applications in high‐tech fields such as aerospace, marine use, and microelectronics among others.
Investigating the role of zooplankton in sustaining frog population
Authors: Jain Sanjoli , Roy Parimita 
Published: February 2022

Chytridiomycosis is the most significant reason for amphibian decline and extinction. It is caused by a fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and affects many species of amphibians. This paper is mainly concerned with designing conservation policies for the frog population (corroboree, an endangered species), diminishing due to this disease. Our research aims at demonstrating mathematically and supporting the role of zooplankton as a potential biological control for Bd. For this purpose, we designed a stochastic as well as diffusive ecoepidemic model consisting of B. dendrobatidis, frog, and zooplanktons. We have shown the global existence, nonnegativity, and long‐term behavior for the designed stochastic model. Existence and stability analysis of the equilibrium points for the corresponding ODE and diffusive model is also done. We have also done bifurcation plotting for the ODE model and found the existence of Hopf bifurcation. We adopted the partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) to conduct global sensitivity analysis to estimate the most sensitive parameters responsible for disease prevalence and frog mortality. We provided a complete numerical analysis of our deterministic, stochastic, and diffusive models and compared the result. We found that the persistence and extinction of the frog population depend on the environmental stochasticity of zooplanktons. Numerical simulation of corresponding spatially explicit systems brings out complicated spatiotemporal dynamics, typically resulting in the formation of a patchy pattern. It also reveals that Bd tends to decline in the places resided by zooplankton.
Three‐dimensional high‐resolution T1 and T2 mapping of whole macaque brain at 9.4 T using magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Gu Yuning , Wang Lulu , Yang Hongyi , Wu Yun , Kim Kihwan , Zhu Yuran , Androjna Charlie , Zhu Xiaofeng , Chen Yong , Zhong Kai , Yu Xin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeQuantitative T1 and T2 mapping in non‐human primates with whole‐brain coverage is challenged by the requirement of sub‐millimeter resolution and the inhomogeneity of the transmit magnetic field (B1+) covering a large field of view. The goal of the current study is to develop a magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for simultaneous T1 and T2 mapping of the entire macaque brain within feasible scan time.MethodsA three‐dimensional (3D) MRF sequence with both inversion‐ and T2‐preparation modules was developed and evaluated on a 9.4 T preclinical scanner. Data acquisition used a 3D stack‐of‐spirals trajectory, with undersampling along both the in‐plane and the through‐plane directions. The effect of B1+ inhomogeneity was accounted for by matching the acquired fingerprint to a dictionary simulated with the B1+ factors measured from a separate scan. In vitro and ex vivo studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy and the undersampling capacity of the MRF method. The application of the MRF method for in vivo, brain‐wide T1 and T2 mapping was demonstrated on macaques at 4, 6, and 12 years of age.ResultsThe MRF method enabled highly repeatable T1 and T2 mapping at high spatial resolution (0.35 × 0.35 × 1 mm3) with an acceleration factor of 24. In vivo studies showed significant age‐related T2 reduction in deep gray nuclei including the globus pallidus, the putamen, and the caudate nucleus.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the first MRF study for brain‐wide, multi‐parametric quantification in non‐human primates with sub‐millimeter resolution.
Evaluation of a natural S‐equol supplement in treating premenstrual symptoms and the effect of the gut microbiota: An open‐label pilot study
Authors: Takeda Takashi , Chiba Yasutaka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimPremenstrual syndrome causes disturbances in many women's daily activities. Isoflavones might cause changes in the estrogen cycle by their selective estrogen receptor modulator‐like activities. Equol, which is a metabolite of a soy isoflavone, has greater biological activity than other soy isoflavones. In this preliminary study, we aimed to examine the effect of a natural S‐equol supplement (SE5‐OH) on premenstrual symptoms. The gut microbiota has recently been suggested to play an important role in brain function in psychiatric disease, such as depression. Therefore, we further aimed to evaluate the relationship of the effect of SE5‐OH and the gut microbiota at preintervention.MethodsTwenty women who showed premenstrual symptoms and were nonequol producers were enrolled in an open‐label, single‐arm, clinical study in which they received oral SE5‐OH for two period cycles. The Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) total score was evaluated during the intervention cycles. Before taking SE5‐OH, fecal samples were obtained and subjected to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.ResultsThe response rate to treatment (≥50% reduction from baseline in the DRSP total score) was 10.5%. Post hoc analysis showed a significant improvement in the change in the DRSP total score (P = .008) and DRSP scores for four core premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms. Multiple regression analysis showed that the percentage improvement of the DRSP total score was positively related to Bifidobacterium and negatively related to Clostridium cluster IV.ConclusionSE5‐OH supplementation may be an acceptable treatment for premenstrual symptoms. The intestinal microbiota may have an effect on SE5‐OH.
Obesity burden by socioeconomic measures between 2000 and 2018 among women in sub‐Saharan Africa: A cross‐sectional analysis of demographic and health surveys
Authors: Yaya Sanni , Anjorin Seun , Okolie Elvis Anyaehiechukwu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing global burden of obesity especially in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMICs) accentuates the need for critical action. In the absence of evidence‐based approaches to mitigate recent obesity trends, the likelihood of reaching global obesity targets will be almost zero.ObjectiveThis study examined the obesity prevalence in Sub‐Sahara Africa and observed transitions on the burden of obesity prevalence over time.MethodsData from the Demographic and Health Survey which is based on cross sessional design was used. Most recent surveys carried out in 16 sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) between 2000 and 2018 were included in the analysis. Equiplot by the International Centre for Equity was used to display the inequities by the following socioeconomic measures: wealth index, education, and place of residence. Age‐standardized prevalence was measured across these socioeconomic measures using the WHO standard population age distribution, examined changing trends and finally assessed transition in obesity prevalence by percentage point difference of highest and lowest prevalence within each of the three socioeconomic measures.ResultsA total of 496,482 women were included in the analysis. Obesity prevalence among women varied substantially, from 2% in Chad to 27% in Lesotho. Variation in obesity prevalence was observed across countries and by socioeconomic status measures. Among women in all the countries except Comoros, the burden was concentrated among the wealthiest. Out of the 16 countries included, the prevalence of obesity was concentrated among women with no education in eight countries (Benin, Burundi, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Comoros) while it was concentrated in those with primary education in Congo and Lesotho and among those with secondary school education in DR Congo, Gabon, Namibia, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe. The burden of obesity was more concentrated in the urban across the 16 countries except in Comoros and Lesotho where they were higher in the rural (8.9 [7.2, 11.1] and 15.1 [13.0, 17.5] respectively) than in urban (6.6 [5.0, 8.8] and 6.8 [5.2, 8.8] respectively). Finally, the trend analysis with five countries indicated that the prevalence and gap in obesity among women increased between previous and most recent surveys except in Zimbabwe where it reduces across the three socioeconomic measures between 2011 and 2018.ConclusionsThis study examined transition in obesity prevalence among women across three socioeconomic measures in selected sub‐Saharan African countries. Increasing prevalence of obesity was found in SSA but transition to women in lower socioeconomic status is already taking place in some countries.
Beer, wine, and spirits differentially influence body composition in older white adults–a United Kingdom Biobank study
Authors: Larsen Brittany A. , Klinedinst Brandon S. , Le Scott T. , Pappas Colleen , Wolf Tovah , Meier Nathan F. , Lim Ye‐Lim , Willette Auriel A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAging is characterized by body composition alterations, including increased visceral adiposity accumulation and bone loss. Alcohol consumption may partially drive these alterations, but findings are mixed. This study primarily aimed to investigate whether different alcohol types (beer/cider, red wine, white wine/Champagne, spirits) differentially associated with body composition.METHODSThe longitudinal UK Biobank study leveraged 1869 White participants (40–80 years; 59% male). Participants self‐reported demographic, alcohol/dietary consumption, and lifestyle factors using a touchscreen questionnaire. Anthropometrics and serum for proteomics were collected. Body composition was obtained via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Structural equation modeling was used to probe direct/indirect associations between alcohol types, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and body composition.RESULTSGreater beer/spirit consumptions were associated with greater visceral adiposity (β = 0.069, p < 0.001 and β = 0.014, p < 0.001, respectively), which was driven by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In contrast, drinking more red wine was associated with less visceral adipose mass (β = −0.023, p < 0.001), which was driven by reduced inflammation and elevated high‐density lipoproteins. White wine consumption predicted greater bone density (β = 0.051, p < 0.005).DISCUSSIONBeer/spirits may partially contribute to the “empty calorie” hypothesis related to adipogenesis, while red wine may help protect against adipogenesis due to anti‐inflammatory/eulipidemic effects. Furthermore, white wine may benefit bone health in older White adults.1
Mother‐child cardiometabolic health 4–10 years after pregnancy complicated by obesity with and without gestational diabetes
Authors: Martin Samantha L. , Zhang Li , Callahan Makenzie L. , Bahorski Jessica , Lewis Cora E. , Hidalgo Bertha A. , Durant Nefertiti , Harper Lorie M. , Battarbee Ashley N. , Habegger Kirk , Moore Bethany A. , Everett Alysha , Aslibekyan Stella , Sertie Rogerio , Yi Nengjun , Garvey W. Timothy , Chandler‐Laney Paula 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveObesity in pregnancy and gestational diabetes (GDM) increase cardiometabolic disease risk but are difficult to disentangle. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that 4–10 years after a pregnancy complicated by overweight/obesity and GDM (OB‐GDM), women and children would have greater adiposity and poorer cardiometabolic health than those with overweight/obesity (OB) or normal weight (NW) and no GDM during the index pregnancy.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, mother‐child dyads were stratified into three groups based on maternal health status during pregnancy (OB‐GDM = 67; OB = 76; NW = 76). Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were measured, along with fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipids, adipokines, and cytokines.ResultsWomen in the OB and OB‐GDM groups had greater current adiposity and poorer cardiometabolic health outcomes than those in the NW group (p < 0.05). After adjusting for current adiposity, women in the OB‐GDM group had higher HbA1c, glucose, HOMA‐IR and triglycerides than NW and OB groups (p < 0.05). Among children, adiposity was greater in the OB‐GDM versus NW group (p < 0.05), but other indices of cardiometabolic health did not differ.ConclusionsPoor cardiometabolic health in women with prior GDM is independent of current adiposity. Although greater adiposity among children exposed to GDM is evident at 4–10 years, differences in cardiometabolic health may not emerge until later.
Changes in the developmental status of preschoolers with sickle cell disease
Authors: Johnston Julia D. , Schatz Jeffrey , Bills Sarah E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDevelopmental monitoring and screening are recommended strategies for identifying children with sickle cell disease at high risk for cerebrovascular complications. Studies examining developmental screenings have provided little data on change over time. We examined screenings longitudinally in 43 children screened as two‐year‐olds and four‐year‐olds using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 2nd edition. Only two‐thirds of children had stable screening outcomes. A new onset of cerebrovascular complications predicted the emergence of developmental delay (P = 0.017). Multivariate analysis suggested a benefit from formal developmental interventions. Regular developmental screening during the preschool period is important to identify systematic changes in developmental status.
Aromatherapy massage seems effective in critically ill children: an observational before‐after study
Authors: van der Heijden Marianne J. E. , O’Flaherty Linda‐Anne , van Rosmalen Joost , de Vos Simone , McCulloch Mignon , van Dijk Monique 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChildren treated in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at risk of distress and pain. This study investigated if aromatherapy massage can reduce children's distress and improve comfort. This observational before‐after study was performed in a 22‐bed PICU in Cape Town, South Africa. The aromatherapy massage consisted of soft massaging using the “M‐technique” and a 1% blend of essential oils of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), German Chamomile (Matricatia recutita) and Neroli (Citrus aurantium) mixed with a grapeseed carrier oil. All present children were eligible, except those who had recently returned, were asleep or deemed unstable. The primary outcome was distress measured with the COMFORT‐Behavior scale (COMFORT‐B). Secondary outcomes were heart rate, oxygen saturation (SatO2), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)‐Anxiety and pain assessed by the NRS‐Pain scale. Outcomes variables were evaluated with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and multiple regression analysis. The intervention was applied to 111 children, fifty‐one of whom (45.9%) were younger than three years old. The group median COMFORT‐B score before intervention was 15 (IQR 12–19), versus 10 (IQR 6–14) after intervention. Heart rate and NRS‐Anxiety were significantly lower after the intervention (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that interrupted massages were less effective than the uninterrupted massages. Parental presence did not influence the outcome variables. We did not find a significant change on the NRS‐Pain scale or for SatO2. Aromatherapy massage appears beneficial in reducing distress, as measured by the COMFORT‐B scale, heart rate and the NRS‐Anxiety scale, in critically ill children. Thus, the potential of aromatherapy in clinical practice deserves further consideration.
Promise unfulfilled: Implementing web‐based psychological therapy in routine cancer care, a qualitative study of oncology health professionals’ attitudes
Authors: Davies Fiona , Harris Marnie , Shepherd Heather L. , Butow Phyllis , Beatty Lisa , Kemp Emma , Shaw Joanne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWeb‐based mental health interventions (e‐MhIs) show promise for increasing accessibility and acceptability of therapy for cancer patients.AimThis study aimed to elicit health professionals' (HPs) views on optimal models for including e‐MhIs within standard cancer care.Materials & MethodCancer HPs who worked in a service where an e‐MhI was available to patients, and multi‐disciplinary HPs interested in supportive care, were invited to participate via email. In semi‐structured phone interviews, participants' views on e‐MhIs were elicited. They were then presented with five model vignettes varying in local and centralised staff input, and asked to indicate their preference and views on each. A thematic analysis was applied to the data.ResultsTwelve nurses, nine psychologists, seven social workers, and three oncologists participated. Four key themes were identified: looking after patients, relationships and multidisciplinary care, trust, and feasibility, all contributing to a meta‐theme of tension. Participants were motivated to ensure optimal patient outcomes and thus needed to trust the intervention content and process. They believed personal relationships increased patient engagement while affording greater work satisfaction for HPs. Most participants preferred a fully integrated model of care involving local HP assessment and design of a tailored therapy incorporating some e‐MhI components where appropriate, but recognised this gold standard was likely not feasible given current resources.Discussion and ConclusionCo‐design with local staff of optimal models of care for the content and process of implementing e‐MhIs is required, with due consideration of the patient group, staffing levels, local workflows and HP preferences, to ensure sustainability and optimal patient outcomes.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe ADAPT Cluster RCT is registered with the ANZCTR Registration number: ACTRN12617000411347.
Review of the layer of protection analysis results after process safety incidents
Authors: Essl Hans Juergen , Sandholzer Daniel , Werner Leonhard , Zimmer Georg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe layer of protection analysis (LOPA) is a well‐established and valuable tool to assess process risk in a plant. Due to the complexity of the method, the composition of the team evaluating a safety scenario bears the inherent risk of subjective judgment and may influence the outcome significantly. Factors influencing the results of the analysis are the experience and knowledge of team members, but also national regulations and standards. Thus, LOPA gives a good basis for process safety risks but needs to be accompanied by additional considerations. The aim of this paper is to share experiences of the practical application of LOPA in existing plants and review scenarios of Process Safety Incidents. The comparison of results between five Borealis ammonia plants located in France and Austria has revealed significant differences in approach and result.
Low fertility spread in China: A blended adaptation and diffusion explanation
Authors: Wu Xiwei , Yu Danlin , Zhang Yaojun , Li Ding , Wang Xiaoxi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on blended diffusion theory which reconciles the two mechanisms of fertility change (due to adaptation to social structure change or due to diffusion), this study examines the role of adaptation and diffusion of China's low fertility in the first decade of the 21st century. A two‐period panel data set on fertility for 358 prefecture‐level administrative units assembled in 2000 and 361 in 2010 population census is used. Exploratory and confirmatory analysis techniques from spatial econometrics are applied to analyze this data. Results from exploratory spatial data analysis reveal a general spatial autocorrelation for fertility and its change. Inspection with local indicators of spatial autocorrelation identifies local spatial clusters of fertility: high‐value clusters in the western region and low‐value clusters in northeastern and east coast areas. Total fertility rates and its change are modelled with socioeconomic and demographic factors using a spatial lag Durbin model. The results suggest that the spread of low fertility in China tends to be consistent with blended diffusion theory. Low fertility in China not only adapts to economic growth, social development and even institution structure, but also influenced by diffusion of new attitudes and ideas related to childbearing and family formation. More importantly, adaptation diffuses too. Socioeconomic circumstances in neighbouring cities often are strongly interdependent. This study highlights the importance of ‘bringing space back’ to demographic research.