bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meary Angle for the prediction of mitral valve prolapse risk in non-syndromic patients with pes planus, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdelmassih Antoine Fakhry , Hozaien Rafeef , Mishriky Fady , Michael Mark , AmanAllah Mostafa , Ali Nada , ElGamal Nadine , Medhat Omar , Kamel Mona , Helmy Rasha , Sarhan Mai , Attalla Hams , Dawoud Omneya , Marwan Athar , Ghobashy Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Mitral Valve prolapse (MVP) is the commonest valvular abnormality. There is a reported association between pes planus (PP) and MVP in some syndromes such as Marfan, however, this association has not been tested in non-syndromic cases. The primary outcome of this study is to measure the prevalence of MVP in a population of patients with PP. The secondary outcome parameter is to determine if the Meary angle (MA), a measure of severity of flat foot, can be effectively used in the prediction of the presence of MVP. Forty-One patients with PP have been screened with lateral x-ray foot to determine MA and echocardiography to determine the presence and grade of MVP.Results: 88% of screened patients were diagnosed with MVP. MA was correlated with the grade of MVP and showed high diagnostic accuracy (Sensitivity 100% and Specificity 90%) in predicting MVP risk when higher than 5. Children with PP are at a higher risk of MVP than the general population. Utilizing MA in such a specific population for the determination of patients at the higher need for echocardiography seems to be a useful strategy to diagnose MVP in those patients.
Individuals of Higher Social Class Engage in Other-Oriented and Adaptive Humor
Authors: Tsukawaki Ryota , Imura Tomoya , Hirakawa Makoto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Previous research on individual social class (SC) and humor has found support for the hypothesis that those with higher SC engage in dominant and selfish humor (aggressive humor). This hypothesis is based on the well-known theory that people with high SC are selfish, but there are mixed findings regarding this theoretical perspective. In this study, SC was measured by objective measures (income and educational attainment) and subjective measures (perceived social status) and examined in relation to humor. Previous research on SC and humor has been limited, focusing only on the limited dimensions of humor (aggressive and affiliative humor). In the present study, four types of humor assessed by the Humor Styles Questionnaire and two types of humor measured by the Dual Self-Directed Humor Scale were taken into account to learn more about the relationship between SC and humor. Study 1 (N = 344) and Study 2 (N = 604) consistently showed that SC and aggressive humor are not related, and the findings of previous studies were not replicated. Rather, SC was shown to be positively associated with adaptive humor, such as other-oriented humor and humor for coping with stress.
Evaluating the effectiveness of abbreviated breast MRI (abMRI) interpretation-training for mammogram-readers: a multicentre study assessing diagnostic performance, using an enriched dataset
Authors: Jones Lyn I , Marshall Andrea , Elangovan Premkumar , Geach Rebecca , McKeown-Keegan Sadie , Vinnicombe Sarah , Harding Sam A , Taylor-Phillips Sian , Halling-Brown Mark , Foy Christopher , O’Flynn Elizabeth , Ghiasvand Hesam , Hulme Claire , Dunn Janet A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Abbreviated breast MRI (abMRI) is being introduced in breast screening trials and clinical practice, particularly for women with dense breasts. Upscaling abMRI provision requires the workforce of mammogram-readers to learn to effectively interpret abMRI. The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of mammogram-readers to interpret abMRI after a single day of standardised small-group training and to compare diagnostic performance of mammogram-readers experienced in full-protocol breast MRI (fpMRI) interpretation (Group 1) with that of those without fpMRI interpretation experience (Group 2).Methods: Mammogram-readers were recruited from six NHS Breast Screening Programme sites. Small-group hands-on workstation training was provided, with subsequent prospective, independent, blinded interpretation of an enriched dataset with known outcome. A simplified form of abMRI (first-post-contrast-subtracted-images (FAST MRI), displayed as maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) and subtracted slice-stack), was used. Per-breast and per-lesion diagnostic accuracy analysis was undertaken, with comparison across groups, and double-reading simulation of a consecutive screening subset.Results: 37 readers (Group 1: 17, Group 2: 20) completed the reading task of 125 scans (250 breasts) (total = 9250 reads). Overall sensitivity was 86% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 84-87%; 1776/2072) and specificity, 86% (95%CI 85-86%; 6140/7178). Group 1 showed significantly higher sensitivity (843/952; 89%; 95%CI 86-91%) and higher specificity (2957/3298; 90%; 95%CI 89-91%) than Group 2 (sensitivity = 83%; 95%CI 81-85% (933/1120) p<0.0001; specificity = 82%; 95%CI 81-83% (3183/3880) p<0.0001). Inter-reader agreement was higher for Group 1 (kappa = 0.73; 95%CI 0.68-0.79) than for Group 2 (kappa = 0.51; 95%CI 0.45-0.56). Specificity improved for Group 2, from the first 55 cases (81%) to the remaining 70 (83%) (p=0.02) but not for Group 1 (90% to 89% p=0.44); whereas sensitivity remained consistent for both Group 1 (88% to 89%) and Group 2 (83% to 84%).Conclusions: Single day abMRI interpretation-training for mammogram-readers achieved an overall diagnostic performance within benchmarks published for fpMRI but was insufficient for diagnostic accuracy of mammogram-readers new to breast MRI to match that of experienced fpMRI readers. Novice MRI reader performance improved during the reading task, suggesting additional training could further narrow this performance gap.
CCR2 Expression Promotes Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Survival and Invasion
Authors: Hu Quan-Quan , Wen Zhao-Feng , Huang Qi-Tang , Li Qian , Zhai Zhi-Min , Li Yan-Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), has been regarded to involve in tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, metastasis and immune escape etc. in recent years, but the role and mechanism in DLBCL has not been reported yet. Methods We examined the expression of CCR2 and assessed the relationship between the expression level of this receptor and the clinicopathological characteristics of DLBCL patients. Next, characterization of CCR2 expression in the development of DLBCL cell lines was explored by blocking CCR2 expression through a novel antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Results We showed that CCR2 expression was an independent prognostic marker that influenced DLBCL patients and predicted shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The results showed that CCR2 antagonists inhibited the ability of DLBCL cells to proliferate, migrate and promoted apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the p38MARK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiments, also confirmed that CCR2 antagonists inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of DLBCL neoplasms. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that CCR2 expression plays an important role in the development of DLBCL by stimulating cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis. The inhibition of CCR2 may, therefore, be a potential target for anticancer therapy in DLBCL.
Performance Evaluation of Short Wavelength Gain of A Thulium-Doped Tantalum Pentoxide Waveguide
Authors: khamis mustafa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, the design of a thulium-doped Ta2O5 amplifier is promoted for amplification at 1.72 µm. The width of the rib waveguide is theoretically optimized to achieve single mode guidance. The finite element method is used to compute the main optical characteristics such as effective mode field area and the waveguide confinement factor. The theoretical model based on the rate and propagation equations is built up to study the amplification performance of the Tm doped Ta2O5 amplifier. The waveguide length and pump power are investigated through the analytical analysis to achieve a high performance amplifier at 1.72 µm. The obtained results support that thulium-doped Ta2O5 is a good way to realize an efficient amplifier and laser source at 1.7 µm waveband.
Collective skyrmion motion under the influence of an additional interfacial spin-transfer torque
Authors: MacKinnon Callum R. , Zeissler Katharina , Finizio Simone , Raabe Jörg , Marrows Christopher H. , Mercer Tim , Bissell Philip R. , Lepadatu Serban 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Here we study the effect of an additional interfacial spin-transfer torque, as well as the well-established spin-orbit torque and bulk spin-transfer torque, on skyrmion collections – group of skyrmions dense enough that they are not isolated from one another – in ultrathin heavy metal / ferromagnetic multilayers, by comparing modelling with experimental results. Using a skyrmion collection with a range of skyrmion diameters and landscape disorder, we study the dependence of the skyrmion Hall angle on diameter and velocity, as well as the velocity as a function of diameter. We show that inclusion of the interfacial spin-transfer torque results in reduced skyrmion Hall angles, with values close to experimental results. We also show that for skyrmion collections the velocity is approximately independent of diameter, in marked contrast to the motion of isolated skyrmions, as the group of skyrmions move together at an average group velocity. Moreover, the calculated skyrmion velocities are comparable to those obtained in experiments when the interfacial spin-transfer torque is included. Our results thus show the significance of the interfacial spin-transfer torque in ultrathin magnetic multilayers, which helps to explain the low skyrmion Hall angles and velocities observed in experiment. We conclude that the interfacial spin-transfer torque should be considered in numerical modelling for reproduction of experimental results.
Reversal of tau-dependent cognitive decay by blocking adenosine A1 receptors in mouse models of tauopathy
Authors: Anglada-Huguet Marta , Endepols Heike , Sydow Astrid , Hilgers Ronja , Neumaier Bernd , Drzezga Alexander , Kaniyappan Senthilvelrajan , Mandelkow Eckhard , Mandelkow Eva-Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Accumulation of tau is a characteristic hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with neuronal hypoactivity and presynaptic dysfunction. Oral administration of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist rolofylline (KW-3902) has been shown previously to reverse spatial memory deficits and to normalize the basic synaptic transmission in a mouse line expressing full-length proaggregant tau (TauΔK). Methods: Using a combination of behavioral assays, imaging by PET with several PET-tracers, and analysis of brain tissue, we studied the curative reversal of tau pathology by blocking adenosine A1 receptors in transgenic mice expressing different types of tau and tau mutants. Results: We show by positron emission tomography using the tracer [18F]CPFPX (a selective A1 receptor ligand) that intravenous injection of rolofylline effectively blocks A1 receptors in the brain. Moreover, when administered to TauΔK mice, rolofylline can reverse tau pathology and synaptic decay. The beneficial effects are not restricted to the full-length TauΔK mouse line as they were also observed in a line with more aggressive tau pathology, expressing the amyloidogenic repeat domain of tau (TauRDΔK) with higher aggregation propensity. Both transgenic models develop a progressive tau pathology with missorting, phosphorylation, local accumulation of tau, loss of synapses and cognitive decline. TauRDΔK causes pronounced neurofibrillary tangle assembly concomitant with neuronal death, whereas TauΔK accumulates only to tau pretangles without overt neuronal loss. A third model tested, the rTg4510 line has a high expression of mutant TauP301L and hence a very aggressive phenotype starting at ~3 months of age. This line failed to reverse pathology upon rolofylline treatment, consistent with higher accumulation of tau-specific PET tracers and inflammation. Conclusions: Blocking adenosine A1 receptors by rolofylline can reverse pathology if the pathological potential of tau remains below a threshold value that depends on concentration and aggregation propensity. Thus, reversal is possible even in presence of potent pro-aggregant mutants near physiological tau levels but is overwhelmed by high levels of mutant tau, accompanied by intense neuroinflammation.
Outcomes Of One-Staged Procedures To Treat Aortic Coarctation Complicated By Cardiac Anomalies
Authors: Lin Hongyuan , Chang Yi , Qian Xiangyang , Yu Cuntao , Sun Xiaogang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: One-staged surgical treatment of aortic coarctation combined with cardiac anomalies is challenging. We aim to evaluate the feasibility of bilateral aortofemoral bypass technique in one-staged surgery treating coractation by comparing surgical outcomes with catheter intervention plus stent(hybrid).Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2017, 50 patients underwent one-staged surgical procedures to treat coarctation and repair concomitant cardiac anomalies, like aortic root dilatation, cardiac valvular disease and so on. Among them, 30 patients underwent bilateral aortofemoral bypass and 20 patients underwent hybrid procedure to treat coarctation. We retrospectively analyzed the data of these patients and compared the early and late results. Results: All the baseline clinical characteristics were comparable between groups except that the mean age of bypass group was 39.5±14.0 years which was older than hybrid group (27.9±8.5 years, P=0.002). Technical success was achieved in all patients, with no hospital death or other severe complications. Immediately after surgery, in bypass and hybrid group, the mean upper-limb systolic blood pressure decreased from 159.4mmHg to 119.7mmHg and 148.4mmHg to 111.6mmHg, the median peak systolic gradient decreased from 68.0mmHg to 10mmHg and 46.5mmHg to 10mmHg respectively(P=0.09). And the mean upper-lower limbs gradient decreased from 21.7mmHg to 5.9mmHg and 21.0mmHg to 2.7mmHg respectively(P=0.104). The mean follow-up time was 76.92±18.7 in bypass group and 85.4±20.6 months in hybrid group. There were 4 late deaths in bypass group (one died of gastrointestinal bleeding, one died of pulmonary embolism and the other two died of heart failure caused by mechanical prosthetic valve dysfunction). The follow-up peak systolic gradient and other blood pressure parameters showed stable and no differences between two groups.Conclusions: The bilateral aortofemoral bypass surgery is a safe and effective method which can be used in one-staged surgical strategy to treat coarctation complicated by cardiac anomalies and can be an alternative to the hybrid method.
Creatinine-To-Cystatin C Ratio as a Marker of Sarcopenia for Identifying Osteoporosis in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dai Huifan , Xu Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased incidence rate of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Serum creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (CCR) is a novel and simple tool which can be used as an index of sarcopenia. This study aims to investigate the association between CCR and osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) in T2DM patients.
Methods
Recruited 166 females and 252 males with T2DM patients. Collect general information, BMD data and laboratory data. The correlation between CCR, BMD, bone metabolism markers and osteoporosis was discussed by spearman correlation, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Results
Spearman correlation analysis showed that CCR in male patients was positively correlated with ASM/height2 and BMD (r = 215-0.381, P < 0.01), but the female group did not show such relationship. In multivariate regression analysis, it was found that there was a significant correlation between CCR and BMD of total lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck in male patients. ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off value of CCR for predicting osteoporosis in male patients was 6.73 with the sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 63%.
Conclusion
In male T2DM patients, CCR was negatively correlated with osteoporosis and positively correlated with BMD.
Speech as a complex signal
Authors: Guevara Ramón , Bogge Lukas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Speech is an auditory signal that needs to robustly transmit complex messages under noisy conditions in an efficient way. How can this be achieved? To answer this question we developed a method for the analysis of time series complexity and applied it to a collection of artificial and natural auditory signals, including speech in different languages. Our complexity measure is the Shannon entropy of the recurrence networks of time series. We found that speech has higher complexity than animal vocalizations, pink noise and a quasiperiodic synthetically generated signal and its complexity is of the order of environmental sounds. We have also found that the global connectivity of recurrence networks correlates with speech rhythm, the temporal modulation of the speech envelope, as well as with a spectral measure of the scaling properties of efficient speech codes. We observe that signals with too large or too small phase autocorrelation have relatively small complexity values, and can thus transmit little information. Speech is situated at intermediate values of phase autocorrelation, in the region of large complexity, in agreement with the idea that complex systems lie at the frontier between order and disorder and that speech has evolved to match the human mind in complexity.
Unique single-nucleotide variations, insertions/deletions and copy number variations in myelodysplastic syndrome during treatment resistance and progression revealed by a single-cell DNA sequencing platform
Authors: Lee Paul , Yim Rita Lok Hay , Fung Sin-Hang , Miu Ka-Kai , Wang Zhangting , Wu Ka Chun , Au Lester , Leung Garret , Lee Victor , Gill Harinder 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal myeloid neoplasm characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia, dysplasia and clonal instability leading to leukemic transformation. Hypomethylating agents are the mainstay of treatment in higher-risk MDS. However, treatment resistance and disease transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is observed in the majority patients and portend a dismal outcome. The residual cell clones resistant to therapy or cell clones acquiring new genetic aberrations are two of the key events responsible for drug resistance. Bulk tumor sequencing often fail to detect these rare subclones that confer resistance to therapy. In this study, we employed a single-cell DNA (sc-DNA) sequencing approach to study the clonal heterogeneity and clonal evolution in two MDS patients refractory to HMA. In both patients, different single nucleotide variations (SNVs) or insertions and deletions (INDELs) were detected concordant with bulk tumor sequencing. Rare cell clones with mutations undetectable on bulk tumor sequencing, were detected on single-cell DNA sequencing. In addition to SNVs and short INDELs, this study also revealed the presence clonal copy number loss of DNMT3A, TET2, and GAT2 as standalone events or in associated with the small SNVs or INDELs detected during HMA resistance and disease progression.
Anterior and Posterior Bundles of Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint: Achieving Balanced Structural Behaviors with Different Material Properties
Authors: Chen Wentao , Zhou Qing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In the knee joint simulations under accidents or physiological loadings, the mechanical properties of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) are essential. The common practice for sMCL material parameters in simulations is to either assign different structural properties to the fiber bundles of the sMCL in 1D models or give homogeneous material properties in 2D or 3D models. The sMCL can be functionally divided into anterior bundle (AB) and posterior bundle (PB), which are alternatively loaded during walking. However, little data are available on the mechanical properties of the two bundles; consequently, the rationality of the material assignment method used in current computational studies is questionable.
Methods
Using porcine stifle joints as test subjects, we obtained the mechanical properties (i.e., threshold strain, failure strain, failure stress, and modulus) of the AB, PB, and whole ligament of the sMCL.
Results
The three subjects had significant differences in the modulus (p < 0.05), and the AB had higher failure strain (p < 0.01) and threshold strain (p < 0.001) than the PB. The ligament length may be the main reason for the modulus and failure strain differences. Meanwhile, the AB and PB had no significant differences in the structural properties (i.e., stiffness per unit area and failure displacement) as well as the failure stress. Based on the understanding of the balanced structural properties, we proposed a method to estimate the material properties of the AB and PB from those of the whole ligament to reduce the experimental cost for simulations.
Conclusions
This study suggests that, contrary to the current material assignment method, the AB and PB of the sMCL have different material properties and similar structural properties. The AB and PB should be treated separately and assigned different properties according to their geometry to realize the biomechanics of native knee joints in simulations.
Archaea, the unseen kingdom in the gut microbiome of Anastrepha obliqua
Authors: Amores GR , Zepeda-Ramos G , García-Fajardo LV , Emilio Hernández , Guillén-Navarro Karina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua is an economically important pest. The sterile insect technique is used to control this pest; it involves mass production and release of sterile flies to reduce the reproduction of the wild population. As noted in different tephritidae, the performance of sterile males may be affected by the assimilation of nutrients under mass-rearing conditions. In the wild, the fly’s life cycle suggests the acquisition of different organisms that could modulate its fitness and physiology. For A. obliqua, there is no information regarding microorganisms other than bacteria. This study analyzed bacteria, fungi, and archaea communities in the A. obliqua gut through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of 16S (using different set of primers for bacteria and archaea) and 18S ribosomal DNA markers. We found that wild flies presented higher microbial diversity than laboratory samples related to fructose assimilation. In contrast, laboratory microbial species suggest that microorganisms have led to a specialized metabolism to process nutrients associated to an artificial diet. We showed that by employing different primer sets aimed at the same molecular marker but targeting diverse hypervariable regions of bacteria and archaea 16S rDNA, it was possible to identify species that have not been previously described in this fruit fly. Here, the archaea kingdom is suggested as an important player in fly metabolism. This report of the intestinal microbial (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) composition of A. obliqua, contributes to our understanding of the role of microorganisms in the development and physiology of the flies.