bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onsite detection of plant viruses using isothermal amplification assays
Authors: Bhat Alangar I. , Aman Rashid , Mahfouz Magdy 
Published: June 2022

SummaryPlant diseases caused by viruses limit crop production and quality, resulting in significant losses. However, options for managing viruses are limited; for example, as systemic obligate parasites, they cannot be killed by chemicals. Sensitive, robust, affordable diagnostic assays are needed to detect the presence of viruses in plant materials such as seeds, vegetative parts, insect vectors, or alternative hosts and then prevent or limit their introduction into the field by destroying infected plant materials or controlling insect hosts. Diagnostics based on biological and physical properties are not very sensitive and are time‐consuming, but assays based on viral proteins and nucleic acids are more specific, sensitive, and rapid. However, most such assays require laboratories with sophisticated equipment and technical skills. By contrast, isothermal‐based assays such as loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) are simple, easy to perform, reliable, specific, and rapid and do not require specialized equipment or skills. Isothermal amplification assays can be performed using lateral flow devices, making them suitable for onsite detection or testing in the field. To overcome non‐specific amplification and cross‐contamination issues, isothermal amplification assays can be coupled with CRISPR/Cas technology. Indeed, the collateral activity associated with some CRISPR/Cas systems has been successfully harnessed for visual detection of plant viruses. Here, we briefly describe traditional methods for detecting viruses and then examine the various isothermal assays that are being harnessed to detect viruses.
The influence of temporal unpredictability on the electrophysiological mechanisms of neural entrainment
Authors: Vilà‐Balló Adrià , Marti‐Marca Angela , Torralba Cuello Mireia , Soto‐Faraco Salvador , Pozo‐Rosich Patricia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeural entrainment, or the synchronization of endogenous oscillations to exogenous rhythmic events, has been postulated as a powerful mechanism underlying stimulus prediction. Nevertheless, studies that have explored the benefits of neural entrainment on attention, perception, and other cognitive functions have received criticism, which could compromise their theoretical and clinical value. Therefore, the aim of the present study was [1] to confirm the presence of entrainment using a set of pre‐established criteria and [2] to establish whether the reported behavioral benefits of entrainment remain when temporal predictability related to target appearance is reduced. To address these points, we adapted a previous neural entrainment paradigm to include: a variable entrainer length and increased target‐absent trials, and instructing participants to respond only if they had detected a target, to avoid guessing. Thirty‐six right‐handed women took part in this study. Our results indicated a significant alignment of neural activity to the external periodicity as well as a persistence of phase alignment beyond the offset of the driving signal. This would appear to indicate that neural entrainment triggers preexisting endogenous oscillations, which cannot simply be explained as a succession of event‐related potentials associated with the stimuli, expectation and/or motor response. However, we found no behavioral benefit for targets in‐phase with entrainers, which would suggest that the effect of neural entrainment on overt behavior may be more limited than expected. These results help to clarify the mechanistic processes underlying neural entrainment and provide new insights on its applications.
Delimiting continuity: Comparison of target enrichment and double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing for delineating admixing parapatric Melitaea butterflies
Authors: Joshi Mukta , Espeland Marianne , Dincă Vlad , Vila Roger , Tahami Mohadeseh S. , Dietz Lars , Mayer Christoph , Martin Sebastian , Dapporto Leonardo , Mutanen Marko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParapatrically distributed taxa pose a challenge for species delimitation due to the presence of gene flow and inherent arbitrariness of exactly defining the species boundaries in such systems. We tackled the problem of species delimitation in a parapatric species pair of Melitaea butterflies using two popular genomic methods—double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) and target enrichment. We compared newly generated target enrichment dataset with 1733 loci to the already available ddRAD data from a previous study on the same set of specimens using a suite of phylogenetic, population genetic, and species delimitation methods. We recovered consistent phylogenetic relationships across the datasets, both demonstrating the presence of a genetically distinct Balkan lineage and paraphyly of Melitaea athalia with respect to Melitaea celadussa. Population genetic STRUCTURE analyses supported the presence of two species when using ddRAD data, but three species when using target enrichment, while a Bayes factor delimitation analysis found both two and three species scenarios equally decisive in both datasets. As the results obtained from both methods were largely congruent, we discuss some practical considerations and benefits of target enrichment over RAD sequencing. We conclude that the choice of method of genomic data collection does not influence the results of phylogenetic analyses at alpha taxonomic level, given a sufficient number of loci. Finally, we recommend a solution for delineating species in parapatric scenarios by proposing that parapatric taxa be consistently classified as subspecies or complete species, but not both, to promote taxonomic stability.
How to increase first‐time donors' returns? The postdonation letter's content can make a difference
Authors: Moussaoui Lisa S. , Blondé Jerôme , Chaduc‐Lemoine Coralie , Baldelli Serena , Desrichard Olivier , Waldvogel Sophie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRetention of first‐time donors is pivotal for blood collection centers. The present study built on research showing the importance of donor identity among regular donors and sought to compare the effectiveness of various communication strategies on return rate.Study Design and MethodsPostal letters were sent to a large sample of first‐time whole blood donors (N = 1219) a few weeks following their first donation. Four versions of this letter were differently constructed in a way to boost the acquisition of donor identity (i.e., by including information about their ABO and Rh(D) blood group, emphasizing the salience of donor identity, offering a keyring with personalized information, or specifying the percentage of those sharing the same ABO and Rh(D) blood group). One version with no identity‐related information served as a control condition. Participants' subsequent blood donations were tracked for 5–22 months after receiving the letter.ResultsSurvival analysis showed that the return rate was significantly higher among those who had received information about the percentage of the country's population with the same ABO and Rh(D) blood group (in comparison with the four other versions). There was no significant effect on the blood type rarity.ConclusionBlood collection centers could orient the strategy employed to communicate with first‐time donors to improve donors' retention. Arousing a sense of social identification with others with the same blood type may reveal a promising avenue.
Concentraciones elevadas de vitamina B12: ¿cómo interpretarlas?
Authors: Molina Pimienta Luisana , Rondón Carvajal Julián ,  Salgado Sánchez Juan Camilo 
Published: June 2022

Los niveles elevados de cobalamina (vitamina B12) son un hallazgo frecuente y subestimado en la práctica clínica, muchas veces incidental. Se requiere de un enfoque metódico, que permita no solo descartar una deficiencia funcional de la misma según el contexto, sino también orientar su etiología, teniendo en cuenta que podría ser un hallazgo temprano en el curso entidades de pronóstico ominoso, como algunos tumores sólidos, enfermedades hepáticas de curso agudo o crónico y trastornos mieloproliferativos, dentro de los que destaca la leucemia mieloide crónica. De igual forma, permite diferenciar causas primarias de recuentos celulares elevados tanto de linaje eritroide (policitemias) como mieloide (neutrofilia, eosinofilia). Se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico, basado en la literatura médica disponible a la fecha sobre el tema.
Multi-Objective Optimization of the Perforated Micro Pin-Fin Heat Sink Using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II Coupled With Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Gupta Deepa , Saha Probir , Roy Somnath 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper numerically investigates the optimization of the geometric parameters and the coolant's inflow states of the perforated micropin-fins (MPFs) heat sink using an elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) coupled with a finite volume-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver. Square-shaped MPFs with two circular perforations were considered for the investigations on the fluid flow and conjugate heat transfer using numerical simulations. Five design variables (two perforation diameters, their respective locations, and the inflow velocity) with the essential constrained equations were optimized to search for the optimal solutions. Two objective functions, viz., Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f), were selected to evaluate the hydrothermal performances of the perforated MPFs heat sink. The optimization was performed for 52 generations with a population size of 30. We obtained the Pareto optimal solutions, which gave the design boundary of the important parameters. Some of the cases of the Pareto solutions were also investigated in detail to understand the underlying thermal physics and structural rigidity under thermal and hydraulic stresses. It is observed that the MPF's stiffness was not compromised upon introducing two perforations. This study identified different thermohydraulic features responsible for optimal performance at different inflow velocity regimes. The present paper demonstrates that this optimization technique has led to a better understanding of the underlying thermal physics of complex electronic cooling equipment while systematically exploring the design space.
Nurturing care during COVID-19: a rapid review of early evidence
Authors: Proulx Kerrie , Lenzi-Weisbecker Rachel , Hatch Rachel , Hackett Kristy , Omoeva Carina , Cavallera Vanessa , Daelmans Bernadette , Dua Tarun 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes to family life, society and essential health and other services. A rapid review of evidence was conducted to examine emerging evidence on the effects of the pandemic on three components of nurturing care, including responsive caregiving, early learning, and safety and security.DesignTwo academic databases, organisational websites and reference lists were searched for original studies published between 1 January and 25 October 2020. A single reviewer completed the study selection and data extraction with verification by a second reviewer.InterventionsWe included studies with a complete methodology and reporting on quantitative or qualitative evidence related to nurturing care during the pandemic.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStudies reporting on outcomes related to responsive caregiving, early learning, and safety and security were included.ResultsThe search yielded 4410 citations in total, and 112 studies from over 30 countries met our eligibility criteria. The early evidence base is weighted towards studies in high-income countries, studies related to caregiver mental health and those using quantitative survey designs. Studies reveal issues of concern related to increases in parent and caregiver stress and mental health difficulties during the pandemic, which was linked to harsher and less warm or responsive parenting in some studies. A relatively large number of studies examined child safety and security and indicate a reduction in maltreatment referrals. Lastly, studies suggest that fathers’ engagement in caregiving increased during the early phase of the pandemic, children’s outdoor play and physical activity decreased (while screen time increased), and emergency room visits for child injuries decreased.ConclusionThe results highlight key evidence gaps (ie, breastfeeding support and opportunities for early learning) and suggest the need for increased support and evidence-based interventions to ensure young children and other caregivers are supported and protected during the pandemic.
Association of food security with cardiometabolic health during young adulthood: cross-sectional comparison of American Indian adults with other racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Nikolaus Cassandra J , Zamora-Kapoor Anna , Hebert Luciana E , Sinclair Ka'imi 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesOur aim was to assess the cross-sectional associations between food insecurity and cardiometabolic health indicators in American Indian young adults compared with non-Hispanic white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander and Hispanic young adults.DesignData from the fourth wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were used. Variables included a self-assessed measure of risk of food insecurity, indicators of cardiometabolic health (body mass index, haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure) and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association of risk of food insecurity with cardiometabolic health, while controlling for sociodemographic variables. All analyses were weighted and accounted for the complex survey design.ParticipantsThe analytical sample of n=12 799 included mostly non-Hispanic white respondents (n=7900), followed by n=2666 black, n=442 American Indian, n=848 Asian or Pacific Islander and n=943 Hispanic.ResultsRisk of food insecurity was more common among respondents who were female, Black, American Indian, had lower educational attainment, and were classified as having obesity or diabetes. In unadjusted models, risk of food insecurity was significantly associated with greater odds of obesity (OR=1.39; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.60) and diabetes (OR=1.61; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.11). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education, income, household size, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and race/ethnicity), only the association between risk of food insecurity and obesity remained (OR=1.19; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.38). Relationships among risk of food insecurity, sociodemographic characteristics and diabetes varied across models stratified by race and ethnicity.ConclusionsResults suggest that elevated risk of food insecurity is present in young American Indian adults, but its relationship with cardiometabolic health is unclear. Future work should capitalise on longitudinal data and the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Security Survey Modules.
Parental preference for influenza vaccine for children in China: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Li Shunping , Gong Tiantian , Chen Gang , Liu Ping , Lai Xiaozhen , Rong Hongguo , Ma Xiaochen , Hou Zhiyuan , Fang Hai 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate what factors affect parents’ influenza vaccination preference for their children and whether there exists preference heterogeneity among respondents in China.DesignCross-sectional study. A discrete choice experiment was conducted. Five attributes were identified based on literature review and qualitative interviews, including protection rate, duration of vaccine-induced protection, risk of serious side effects, location of manufacturer and out-of-pocket cost.SettingMultistage sampling design was used. According to geographical location and the level of economic development, 10 provinces in China were selected, and the survey was conducted at community healthcare centres or stations.ParticipantsParents with at least one child aged between 6 months and 5 years old were recruited and the survey was conducted via a face-to-face interview in 2019. In total, 600 parents completed the survey, and 449 who passed the internal consistency test were included in the main analysis.Main outcomes and measuresA mixed logit model was used to estimate factors affecting parents’ preference to vaccinate their children. In addition, sociodemographic characteristics were included to explore the preference heterogeneity.ResultsIn general, respondents preferred to vaccinate their children. All attributes were statistically significant and among them, the risk of severe side effects was the most important attribute, followed by the protection rate and duration of vaccine-induced protection. Contrary to our initial expectation, respondents have a stronger preference for the domestic than the imported vaccine. Some preference heterogeneity among parents was also found and in particular, parents who were older, or highly educated placed a higher weight on a higher protection rate.ConclusionVaccination safety and vaccine effectiveness are the two most important characteristics that influenced parents’ decision to vaccinate against influenza for their children in China. Results from this study will facilitate future policy implementations to improve vaccination uptake rates.
Comparing the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of interventions for depressive symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Lyons Julia , Campese Stephanie , Learmonth Yvonne C , Metse Alexandra , Kermode Allan G , Karahalios Amalia , Marck Claudia H 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundComorbid depression is prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Depression is commonly untreated or undertreated, thus, there is a need for effective and safe interventions and current guidelines recommend psychological and pharmaceutical interventions for people with MS. However, research suggests that other interventions, such as exercise, could also be effective. The comparative efficacy and safety of intervention modalities have not been quantified.We plan to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare efficacy and safety of psychological, pharmaceutical, physical and magnetic stimulation interventions for depression in people with MS.Methods and analysisWe will search EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and PEDro from inception to 31 December 2021. Search terms will stem from three concepts: MS, depression and randomised controlled trials. Included studies will be randomised controlled trials, where participants are people with MS randomised to receive one of the aforementioned intervention types, and depression or depressive symptoms is the primary outcome, only outcome or secondary outcome with an a priori power calculation. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment (using the Risk of Bias 2 tool) will be conducted independently by two reviewers. If possible, we will synthesise the evidence by fitting a frequentist network meta-analysis model with multivariate random effects, or a pairwise random-effects meta-analysis model. For each model, efficacy will be measured using a standardised mean difference, and safety using an OR. We plan to provide summary measures including forest plots, a geometry of the network, surface under the cumulative ranking curve, and a league table, and perform subgroup analyses. Otherwise, a narrative review will be provided.Ethics and disseminationEthics is not required for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Results will be published in a peer reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209803.
Effects of proprioceptive training in the recovery of patients submitted to meniscus surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Jiang , Liu Xiaoxiao , Lu Huaimin , Zhang Di , Zhao Tianyu , Wang Ju , Jin Song 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of proprioceptive training on rehabilitation of knee after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM).DesignPubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Technology Periodical Database, WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine were searched until December 2021 for randomised controlled trials.ParticipantsPatients who have undergone APM for meniscus injury caused by traumatic tear.ResultsA total of 9 studies with 453 patients were included in this study for meta-analysis, and 2/9 with high quality, 6/9 with moderate quality. Based on very low quality evidence, the pooled effect showed significant improvement for proprioceptive training group in proprioception test (p<0.05, I2=18%), knee extensor muscle strength (p<0.05, I2=29%), knee flexor muscle strength (p<0.05, I2=0%) and knee function score (p<0.05, I2=0%) compared with conventional training group in patients after APM.ConclusionBased on very low quality, adding proprioceptive training to conventional rehabilitation programmes might be beneficial to promote functional recovery for patients after APM. It is necessary to carry out more samples and higher quality large-scale studies to provide high evidence in the future.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020213201.
Improving community-based first response to out of hospital cardiac arrest (FirstCPR): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Munot Sonali , Redfern Julie , Bray Janet E , Angell Blake , Bauman Adrian , Coggins Andrew , Denniss Alan Robert , Ferry Cate , Jennings Garry , Kovoor Pramesh , Kumar Saurabh , Lai Kevin , Khanlari Sarah , Marschner Simone , Middleton Paul M , Nelson Michael , Opperman Ian , Semsarian Christopher , Taylor Lee , Vukasovic Matthew , Ware Sandra , Chow Clara 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with poor survival outcomes, but prompt bystander action can more than double survival rates. Being trained, confident and willing-to-perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are known predictors of bystander action. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a community organisation targeted multicomponent education and training initiative on being willing to respond to OHCAs. The study employs a novel approach to reaching community members via social and cultural groups, and the intervention aims to address commonly cited barriers to training including lack of availability, time and costs.Methods and analysisFirstCPR is a cluster randomised trial that will be conducted across 200 community groups in urban and regional Australia. It will target community groups where CPR training is not usual. Community groups (clusters) will be stratified by region, size and organisation type, and then randomly assigned to either immediately receive the intervention programme, comprising digital and in-person education and training opportunities about CPR and OHCA over 12 months, or a delayed programme implementation. The primary outcome is self-reported ‘training and willingness-to-perform CPR’ at 12 months. It will be assessed through surveys of group members that consent in intervention versus control groups and administered prior to control groups receiving the intervention. The primary analysis will follow intention-to-treat principles, use log binomial regression accounting for baseline covariates and be conducted at the individual level, while accounting for clustering within communities. Focus groups and interviews will be conducted to examine barriers and enablers to implementation and costs will also be examined.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from The University of Sydney. Findings from this study will be disseminated via presentations at scientific conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals, scientific and lay reports.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000367842.