bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological and mechanical performances of newly developed eco-epoxy composites incorporating flax fibres and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Awwad KY Eayal , Yousif BF , Mostafa Ahmad , Alajarmeh Omar , Zeng Xuesen 
Published: December 2022

The inclusion of both fibre and solid lubricants into polymers may provide a potential solution to maximise their tribological and mechanical performances. This study investigates the effect of incorporating flax fibres and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinformcements in epoxy matrix composites on their tensile, microhardness and adhesive wear behaviour. Dry adhesive wear experiments were conducted using a block-on-ring (BOR) test rig against a stainless steel ring. Adhesive wear performance was evaluated considering the effect of the volume fraction ( V f) of flax fibre (0, 15, 20 and 25 V f .%) and different weight fractions of GNPs (1.5 and 3 wt.%). Different applied loads in the 15–60 N range, covering the mild and severe wear regions, were used. The worn surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that flax fibre potently improved the stiffness and tensile strength of epoxy. Increase in V f of flax fibre showed a positive tendency to improve the wear resistance of epoxy; however, with an insignificant change in the coefficient of friction (COF). More interestingly, heat distortion temperature (HDT) was found to be the main key parameter controlling the wear behaviours of the composites. SEM observations indicated that severe wear signs – including detachment, fragmentation and fibre debonding – were noted when the interface temperature reached the heat distortion temperature of the epoxy. On the other hand, the inclusion of GNPs reduced the interface temperature during sliding as well as the COF of the flax/epoxy composite. Ultimately, incorporation of flax fibres and GNPs enhanced both mechanical and tribological performances of the eco-composites.
Faking it deeply and universally? Media forms and epistemologies of artificial faces and emotions in Japanese and Euro-American contexts
Authors: Bächle Thomas Christian 
Published: December 2022

Attempts to visually represent the human face in various media forms have a long history. Fairly recent examples can be found in techniques that are used in animated films and video games (performance capture) or in the controversial phenomenon of “deep fakes”. The article looks at the relationship between faces, the media forms that are used for their representation and simulation and the knowledge that is (re)produced about emotions and their communicative effects. It reveals a peculiar contradiction: the quest to create a synthetic digital face that would be universally recognisable in terms of emotional readability and response homogenises our understanding of emotion while disguising the challenging cultural barriers to this recognisability. The simulated face caters to a two-fold and hence paradoxical aesthetic aspiration that places it between uniqueness and universality. By elaborating on the somatic, affective dimension of communication via faces, the article compares culturally specific modes of producing and reading emotions. A Euro-American tradition of thought regards them as artefacts, constructed as antagonists of rationality, that can be controlled and objectively modelled and measured. The idea of the face as the locus of emotions, which can be represented in distinct expressions, contrasts with more ambiguous and relational meanings in East Asian, particularly Japanese contexts. The epistemological genealogy of the facial display of emotions, however, does not conform to a clear West/East divide and is at the same time highly interwoven with specific media forms of their representation. In order to deepen this dynamic understanding of artificial faces, the article looks at different examples of Japanese traditions and art forms. Examples such as portraiture and photography, the subtle illusions created in Nō theatre and the less subtle ones evoked by robotic faces shed a light on the complex meanings but also the affective reactions to artificial faces.
Ultrasonographic study of the effects of compressive stockings on legs with venous edema
Authors: Caggiati Alberto 
Published: December 2022

Objectives The occurrence of leg edema in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) is currently evaluated by visual inspection, palpation, and measurement of limb circumference. The changes of soft tissues morphology in swollen legs have been poorly investigated by ultrasonography (US) in the past. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of medical compression stockings (MCS) on the US morphology of the cutaneous and subcutaneous layers (CL and SCL, respectively) in legs with venous edema. Methods The morphology of the cutaneous and subcutaneous layers (CL and SCL) was evaluated by US in 18 swollen legs with chronic venous disorders (CVD), before and after 4 weeks of treatment with MCS. Skin morphology was evaluated by using an 8–14 MHz probe with a dedicated setting, 5 cm above the medial malleolus. Results MCS provoked both quantitative and qualitative changes. A reduction of CL/SCL thickness greater than 20% was observed in 16/18 legs. A reduction of the SCL echogenicity was observed in 14/18 legs. Nine out of 12 legs which showed abnormalities of the CL before treatment showed a structural rearrangement of the dermis and the reappearing of the dermo–hypodermic junction. Conclusions The reduction of the SCL thickness is to be ascribed to the increase of veno-lymphatic drainage promoted by MCS. The reduction of tissue echogenicity by MCS is a quite innovative concept and it is suggestive for an anti-inflammatory action of MCS on skin tissues.
Assessing need for advance imaging among children with back pain using pain intensity as clinical marker
Authors: Olivella Gerardo , Deliz-Jimenez David , Lindsay Eduardo , Burgos-Rossy Edwin , Torres-Acevedo Natalia , Ramírez-Roggio Daniela , Benítez-Gándara Graciela , Ramírez Norman 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Pediatric back pain evaluation nowadays relies on patient history, physical examination, and plain radiographs to identify underlying pathologies. Constant pain, night pain, radicular pain, and abnormal neurological examination were previously recommended as clinical markers to assess the need for magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Recent studies have challenged the use of these clinical markers, recommending further studies. This study aimed to assess pain intensity as a predictor of underlying magnetic resonance imaging pathology in children with back pain. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study of pediatric patients between 8 and 17 years with back pain for more than 4 weeks from 2009 to 2021 was conducted. A whole spine magnetic resonance imaging was performed on patients with back pain without an identifiable cause and no prior spine treatment. The numerical rating scale questionnaire was administered to each patient, and answers were divided into three groups: mild (1–3), moderate (4–6), and severe (7–10) numerical rating scale score. Student’s t-test and chi-square analysis were used to correlate differences between continuous and categorical values, respectively. Results: Of 590 patients (70% female and a mean age of 15.25 years), there were 35.1% of patients had a magnetic resonance imaging underlying pathology. No association was found between severe numerical rating scale score and the presence of underlying MRI pathology (p = 0.666). Patients with low or moderate numerical rating scale scores had similar associations to an underlying magnetic resonance imaging pathology as patients with a severe numerical rating scale score (p = 0.256; p = 0.357, respectively). Conclusions: Back pain intensity was not found to be an effective clinical marker for predicting underlying magnetic resonance imaging pathology in pediatric patients with back pain.
Current Evidence for the Management of Edentulous Atrophic Mandible Fractures: A PRISMA-SWiM Guided Review
Authors: Bera Rathindra N. , Tiwari Preeti 
Published: December 2022

Study Design PRISMA-SWiM guided systematic review. Objective 1. Provide consistent evidence regarding the management of atrophic mandible fractures; 2. To search, evaluate and validate existing guidelines if any for the management; 3. Provide evidence regarding specific management of condylar fractures in the atrophic mandible; 4. To address the clinical applicability of bone grafts. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA-SWiM protocol. PROSPERO ID: CRD42021235111. Studies with adequate data on outcome, treatment methods were selected. Isolated case reports, case series, and non-human studies were excluded. Quality assessment was done using Newcastle -Ottawa scale. The level of evidence was assessed using Oxford Level of Evidence. Results Mandibular body was the most common type of fracture. Self falls and RTA were the most common etiologies. Condylar fracture was most commonly managed conservatively with ORIF employed in few studies. For the mandible compression and non-compression osteosynthesis were used. Bone grafts were used in cases with segmental defects or cases requiring augmentation. Conclusions There is lack of proper evidence to definitely conclude any single treatment modality. However, the consensus is towards ORIF. Reconstruction plates are preferred by many authors. However, unilateral fractures may be managed by miniplates. Bilateral fractures require more rigid fixations. Open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fracture is indicated in cases with displacement or low-level fractures.
Efficacy of postoperative analgesia with duloxetine in posthemorrhoidectomy pain: a prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gerber Marlus Tavares , Lyra Humberto Fenner , Erdmann Thomas Rolf , Bomfati Fernanda , Gaspareto Patrick Barcelos , de Oliveira Filho Getúlio Rodrigues 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effect of duloxetine when added to a multimodal analgesia regimen on posthemorrhoidectomy pain, opioid consumption, and side effects.

Methods
Prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. This study included 62 patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy. The patients were randomly assigned to receive oral duloxetine 60 mg or placebo 2 h before and 24 h after surgery. The primary outcomes were pain intensity - measured on an 11-point visual analog pain scale - and cumulative morphine consumption at 12, 24, and 48 postoperative hours.

Results
Fifty-two patients completed the study (25 in the duloxetine group and 27 in the placebo group). Pain scores did not differ between duloxetine and placebo: 4.5; 3.0 – 7.0 vs. 5.0; 3.5 – 7.0, p = 0.68 at 12 h, 3.0; 2.0 – 5.0 vs. 3.0; 2.0 – 5.0, p = 0.56 at 24 h, and 2.5; 1.75 – 3.75 vs. 1.5; 0.5 – 3, p = 0.08 at 48 h. Further, cumulative morphine consumption did not differ between the duloxetine and placebo groups: 4; 1.25 – 10.75 mg vs. 7; 1.0 – 12.0 mg, p = 0.68 at 12 h, 9.5; 2.0 – 17.5 mg vs. 8.0; 4.0 – 18.0 mg; p = 0.80 at 24 h, and 11.0; 2.0 – 27.0 mg vs. 10; 4.0 – 24.0 mg, p = 0.78 at 48 h. Side effects did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions
Compared with placebo, duloxetine did not decrease pain intensity or morphine consumption during the first 48 h postoperatively.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered on the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (identifier: RBR-9pdgms, registration date: 08/10/2020).
Learning from complex elderly care: a qualitative study on motivating residents in family medicine
Authors: Koetsenruijter K. W.J. , Veldhuijzen W. , De Lepeleire J. , van Leeuwen Y , Muris J. W.M. , Teunissen P. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
More and more patients need complex care, especially the elderly. For various reasons, this is becoming increasingly difficult. The onus is essentially on family physicians to provide this care and family medicine residency programs should therefore prepare their residents for this task. We know from self-determination theory (SDT) that motivation plays a key role in learning and that in order to boost motivation, fulfillment of 3 basic psychological needs - for autonomy, competence, and relatedness – is crucial. As residents often lack motivation, residency programs face the important challenge to motivate them to learn about and engage in complex elderly care. How to do so, however, is not yet sufficiently understood.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative multi-institutional case study across four universities in Belgium and the Netherlands. In the period between June, 2015, and May, 2019, we triangulated information from semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and observations of educational moments. Guided by SDT concepts, the analysis was performed iteratively by a multidisciplinary team, using ATLAS.ti, version 8. In this process, we gained more insights into residents’ motivation to learn complex elderly care.

Results
We scrutinized 1,369 document pages and 4 films, observed 34 educational moments, and held 41 semi-structured interviews. Although we found all the 3 basic psychological needs postulated by SDT, each seemed to have its own challenges. First, a tension between the need to guide residents and to encourage their independent learning complicated fulfillment of the need for autonomy. Second, the unpredictability of complex care led to reduced feelings of competence. Yet, guidelines and models could help residents to capture and apprehend its complexity. And third, family medicine practice, patients, and educational practice, by either satisfying or thwarting the need for relatedness, were identified as key mediators of motivation. By setting the right example and encouraging residents to discuss authentic dilemmas and switch their health care approach from cure to care, educators can boost their motivation.

Conclusion
Our study has demonstrated that the degree of perceived autonomy, guidance by the education program, use of authentic dilemmas, as well as involvement of group facilitators can aid the process of motivation.

Trial registration
NVMO, ERB number 482.
Anxiety and loneliness among older people living in residential care facilities or receiving home care services in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Johansson-Pajala Rose-Marie , Alam Moudud , Gusdal Annelie , Heideken Wågert Petra von , Löwenmark Annica , Boström Anne-Marie , Hammar Lena Marmstål 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Older people were subjected to significant restrictions on physical contacts with others during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing impacts older people’s experiences of anxiety and loneliness. Despite a large body of research on the pandemic, there is little research on its effects on older people in residential care facilities (RCF) and in home care services (HCS), who are the frailest of the older population. We aimed to investigate the effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March-May 2020 on experiences of anxiety and loneliness among older people living in RCF or receiving HCS and the impact of the progression of the pandemic on these experiences.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional design using data from the national user satisfaction survey (March − May 2020) by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Survey responses were retrieved from 27,872 older people in RCF (mean age 87 years) and 82,834 older people receiving HCS (mean age 84 years). Proportional-odds (cumulative logit) model was used to estimate the degree of association between dependent and independent variables.

Results
Loneliness and anxiety were more prevalent among the older persons living in RCF (loneliness: 69%, anxiety: 63%) than those receiving HCS (53% and 47%, respectively). Proportional odds models revealed that among the RCF and HCS respondents, the cumulative odds ratio of experiencing higher degree of anxiety increased by 1.06% and 1.04%, respectively, and loneliness by 1.13% and 1.16%, respectively, for 1% increase in the COVID-19 infection rate. Poor self-rated health was the most influential factor for anxiety in both RCF and HCS. Living alone (with HCS) was the most influential factor affecting loneliness. Experiences of disrespect from staff were more strongly associated with anxiety and loneliness in RCF than in HCS.

Conclusion
Older people in RCF or receiving HCS experienced increasing levels of anxiety and loneliness as the first wave of the pandemic progressed. Older people’ mental and social wellbeing should be recognized to a greater extent, such as by providing opportunities for social activities. Better preparedness for future similar events is needed, where restrictions on social interaction are balanced against the public health directives.
Information about the natural history of acute infections commonly seen in primary care: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Boaitey Kwame Peprah , Bakhit Mina , Krzyzaniak Natalia , Hoffmann Tammy C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Many of the acute infections that are seen in primary care and sometimes managed with antibiotics are self-resolving and antibiotics may be unnecessary. Information about the natural history of these infections underpins antibiotic stewardship strategies such as delayed prescribing and shared decision making, yet whether it’s reported in guidelines is unknown. We examined, in clinical guidelines, the reporting of natural history information and relevant antibiotic stewardship strategies for acute infections commonly seen in primary care.

Methods
A systematic review of national and international guidelines (2010 onwards), available electronically, for managing acute infections (respiratory, urinary, or skin and soft tissue). We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, TRIP, and GIN databases and websites of 22 guideline-publishing organisations.

Results
We identified 82 guidelines, covering 114 eligible infections. Natural history information was reported in 49 (59.8%) of the guidelines and 66 (57.9%) of the reported conditions, most commonly for respiratory tract infections. Quantitative information about the expected infection duration was provided for 63.5% (n = 42) of the infections. Delayed antibiotic prescribing strategy was recommended for 34.2% (n = 39) of them and shared decision making for 21% (n = 24).

Conclusions
Just over half of the guidelines for acute infections that are commonly managed in primary care and sometimes with antibiotics contained natural history information. As many of these infections spontaneously improve, this is a missed opportunity to disseminate this information to clinicians, promote antibiotic stewardship, and facilitate conversations with patients and informed decision making.
Systematic review registration CRD42021247048
Histopathology pattern and survival analysis of patients with kidney biopsy in the top end of Northern Australia from 2007 to 2020
Authors: Goh Kim Ling , Abeyaratne Asanga , Ullah Shahid , Rissel Chris , Priyadarshana Kelum 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aim
Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH) is the main tertiary hospital that has performed more than 600 biopsies since its establishment. Although Indigenous people in Australia’s Northern Territory (NT) has the highest rate of renal replacement therapy, the histopathology pattern of their renal diseases is still under discussed. We aimed to analyse the histopathology pattern of patients undergoing renal biopsy in RDH from June 2007 to June 2020. Secondary aims include clinical indication and survival analysis of patients with kidney biopsies.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all native kidney biopsy reports from patients over the age of 16, from June 2007 to June 2020. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise age, sex, indigeneity, histopathological pattern, and mortality. Categorical values were expressed as absolute frequencies and percentages. Survival analysis was performed using multivariate analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Results
There were 364 native renal biopsies included in the analysis. Sub-nephrotic proteinuria was the most common clinical indication for kidney biopsy (n = 160,47.8%). Diabetes nephropathy (DN) was the most common pathological finding (n = 71,12.8%). Indigenous population who had dialysis performs poorly compared to their non-indigenous counterpart (HR 2.37,95% CI 1.53–3.67,p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common native kidney biopsy in the NT with higher mortality among indigenous patients. This study supports the previous findings of indigenous female excess, younger age of kidney disease requiring kidney biopsy, and excess of diabetic nephropathy in the top-end of the NT. It can be speculated that some diabetic patients had atypical features prompting a biopsy.
The expression characteristics and clinical significance of ACP6, a potential target of nitidine chloride, in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gao Li , Xiong Dan-Dan , Yang Xia , Li Jian-Di , He Rong-Quan , Huang Zhi-Guang , Lai Ze-Feng , Liu Li-Min , Luo Jia-Yuan , Du Xiu-Fang , Zeng Jiang-Hui , Li Ming-Fen , Li Sheng-Hua , Dang Yi-Wu , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6) is a mitochondrial lipid phosphate phosphatase that played a role in regulating lipid metabolism and there is still blank in the clinico-pathological significance and functional roles of ACP6 in human cancers. No investigations have been conducted on ACP6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to date.

Methods
Herein, we appraised the clinico-pathological significance of ACP6 in HCC via organizing expression profiles from globally multi-center microarrays and RNA-seq datasets. The molecular basis of ACP6 in HCC was explored through multidimensional analysis. We also carried out in vitro and in vivo experiment on nude mice to investigate the effect of knocking down ACP6 expression on biological functions of HCC cells, and to evaluate the expression variance of ACP6 in xenograft of HCC tissues before and after the treatment of NC.

Results
ACP6 displayed significant overexpression in HCC samples (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56–0.83) and up-regulated ACP6 performed well in screening HCC samples from non-cancer liver samples. ACP6 expression was also remarkably correlated with clinical progression and worse overall survival of HCC patients. There were close links between ACP6 expression and immune cells including B cells, CD8 + T cells and naive CD4 + T cells. Co-expressed genes of ACP6 mainly participated in pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, glucocorticoid receptor pathway and NABA proteoglycans. The proliferation and migration rate of HCC cells transfected with ACP6 siRNA was significantly suppressed compared with those transfected with negative control siRNA. ACP6 expression was significantly inhibited by nitidine chloride (NC) in xenograft HCC tissues.

Conclusions
ACP6 expression may serve as novel clinical biomarker indicating the clinical development of HCC and ACP6 might be potential target of anti-cancer effect by NC in HCC.