bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological tissue healing following high‐power laser treatment in a model of suspensory ligament branch injury
Authors: Pluim Mathilde , Heier Annabelle , Plomp Saskia , Boshuizen Berit , Gröne Andrea , van Weeren René , Vanderperren Katrien , Martens Ann , Dewulf Jeroen , Chantziaras Ilias , Koene Marc , Luciani Antonio , Oosterlinck Maarten , Van Brantegem Leen , Delesalle Cathérine 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundHigh‐power laser therapy gained popularity recently as a regenerative treatment for tendinitis and desmitis in the horse. However, studies evaluating the effects of laser therapy on tissue repair at the histological level in large mammals are lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of high‐power laser therapy on suspensory desmitis healing, using a model of suspensory ligament branch injury.Study designIn vivo experiments.MethodsStandardised lesions were surgically induced in all four lateral suspensory branches of 12 healthy Warmblood horses. Laser therapy (class 4, 15W) was applied daily on two of four induced lesions for four consecutive weeks. Horses were randomly assigned to either short‐term study (horses were sacrificed after 4 weeks) or long‐term study (6 months). Suspensory ligament samples were scored after staining with haematoxylin‐eosin and immunostaining for collagen 1‐ collagen 3‐ and factor VIII.ResultsIn the short‐term study, significantly better (lower) scores for variation in density (17% above cut‐off score in treated lesions vs. 31% above cut‐off score in controls, P = .03), shape of nuclei (54% vs 92%, P = .02), fibre alignment (32% vs 75%, P = .003) and fibre structure (38% vs 71%, P = .02) were found in laser‐treated lesions when compared to controls. Collagen 3 expression was significantly higher (32% vs 19%, P = .006) in control lesions. In both short‐ and long‐term studies combined, parameters lesion size (44% vs 56%, P = .02) and shape of nuclei (53% vs 84%, P = .05) scored significantly better in treated lesions. Long‐term, significantly better (lower) scores were found in the laser‐treated group for lesion size (15% vs 45%, P = .008) and a higher percentage above cut‐off score for density of the nuclei (27% vs 9%, P = .02), compared to controls.Main limitationsThe model of suspensory branch injury is not an exact representation of clinical overstrain lesions.ConclusionsThese results suggest that high‐power laser therapy enables better lesion healing than conservative treatment.
Small and slow is safe: On the drought tolerance of tropical tree species
Authors: Guillemot Joannès , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas K. , Bulascoschi Leticia , Poorter Lourens , Morin Xavier , Pinho Bruno X. , le Maire Guerric , R. L. Bittencourt Paulo , Oliveira Rafael S. , Bongers Frans , Brouwer Rens , Pereira Luciano , Gonzalez Melo German Andrés , Boonman Coline C. F. , Brown Kerry A. , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Niinemets Ülo , Onoda Yusuke , Schneider Julio V. , Sheremetiev Serge , Brancalion Pedro H. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how evolutionary history and the coordination between trait trade‐off axes shape the drought tolerance of trees is crucial to predict forest dynamics under climate change. Here, we compiled traits related to drought tolerance and the fast‐slow and stature‐recruitment trade‐off axes in 601 tropical woody species to explore their covariations and phylogenetic signals. We found that xylem resistance to embolism (P50) determines the risk of hydraulic failure, while the functional significance of leaf turgor loss point (TLP) relies on its coordination with water use strategies. P50 and TLP exhibit weak phylogenetic signals and substantial variation within genera. TLP is closely associated with the fast‐slow trait axis: slow species maintain leaf functioning under higher water stress. P50 is associated with both the fast‐slow and stature‐recruitment trait axes: slow and small species exhibit more resistant xylem. Lower leaf phosphorus concentration is associated with more resistant xylem, which suggests a (nutrient and drought) stress‐tolerance syndrome in the tropics. Overall, our results imply that (1) drought tolerance is under strong selective pressure in tropical forests, and TLP and P50 result from the repeated evolutionary adaptation of closely related taxa, and (2) drought tolerance is coordinated with the ecological strategies governing tropical forest demography. These findings provide a physiological basis to interpret the drought‐induced shift toward slow‐growing, smaller, denser‐wooded trees observed in the tropics, with implications for forest restoration programmes.
Transforming mutations in the development of pathogenic B cell clones and autoantibodies*
Authors: Reed Joanne H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutoimmune diseases are characterized by serum autoantibodies, some of which are pathogenic, causing severe manifestations and organ injury. However, autoantibodies of the same antigenic reactivity are also present in the serum of asymptomatic people years before they develop any clinical signs of autoimmunity. Autoantibodies can arise during multiple stages of B cell development, and various genetic and environmental factors drive their production. However, what drives the development of pathogenic autoantibodies is poorly understood. Advances in single‐cell technology have enabled the deep analysis of rare B cell clones producing pathogenic autoantibodies responsible for vasculitis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated by mixed cryoglobulinaemia. These findings demonstrated a cascade of genetic events involving stereotypic immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination and transforming somatic mutations in lymphoma genes and V(D)J regions that disrupted antibody quality control mechanisms and decreased autoantibody solubility. Most studies consider V(D)J mutations that enhance autoantibody affinity to drive pathology; however, V(D)J mutations that increase autoantibody propensity to form insoluble complexes could be a major contributor to autoantibody pathogenicity. Defining the molecular characteristics of pathogenic autoantibodies and failed tolerance checkpoints driving their formation will improve prognostication, enabling early treatment to prevent escalating organ damage and B cell malignancy.
Phase equilibria in the Nd2O3–BaO–Fe2O3 system: Crystal structure, oxygen content, and properties of intermediate oxides
Authors: Aksenova Tatiana V. , Volkova Nadezhda E. , Maignan Antoine , Cherepanov Vladimir A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe phase equilibria in the ½Nd2O3–BaO–½Fe2O3 system were systematically studied at 1373 K in air and presented in the form of a phase diagram. By X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of quenched samples, the homogeneity ranges and crystal structure were determined for the following intermediate oxides: Nd1‐xBaxFeO3‐δ with 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05 (space group (SG) Pnma) and with 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 (SG Pm‐3m), Ba6+yNd2‐yFe4O15‐δ with 0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4 (SG P63mc), and Ba1.1Nd1.9Fe2O7‐δ (SG P42/mnm). The structural parameters of single‐phase oxides were refined by the Rietveld method. The changes in oxygen content for Nd1‐xBaxFeO3‐δ (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.7), Ba6Nd2Fe4O15‐δ, and Ba1.1Nd1.9Fe2O7‐δ versus temperature in air were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Gradual substitution of neodymium by barium in the Nd1‐xBaxFeO3‐δ (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) oxides leads to a decrease of oxygen content. Partial ordering via formation of separate domains with ap × ap × 5ap superstructure in Nd0.4Ba0.6FeO3‐δ, which cannot be detected by XRD, noticeably influence its thermal expansion and electrical conductivity.
Consolidation and high‐temperature strength of monolithic lanthanum hexaboride
Authors: Demirskyi Dmytro , Suzuki Tohru S. , Yoshimi Kyosuke , Vasylkiv Oleg O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study we explored the densification, microstructure evolution, and high‐temperature properties of bulk lanthanum hexaboride. LaB6 bulks were consolidated using spark‐plasma sintering only in the temperature range between 1400°C and 1700°C. We adopted flash spark plasma sintering (SPS) of LaB6 using a direct current heating without a graphite die. We observed a peculiar grain‐size gradient when coarse grains exceeding 300 μm were observed on the top side of the specimen, while the bottom side had a grain size of 15–20 μm. Such large grain was not observed using SPS at 2000°C, suggesting that these might originate from a local overheating.Based on the three‐point flexural tests, it was observed that the toughness and strength of the LaB6 were acceptable at room‐temperature (3.1 ± 0.2 MPa m1/2, 300 ± 20 MPa). However, at 1600°C, these parameters would decrease to 1.3 ± 0.1 MPa m1/2 and 120 ± 40 MPa, respectively.
Correlates of geoxyle diversity in Afrotropical grasslands
Authors: Meller Paulina , Stellmes Marion , Fidelis Alessandra , Finckh Manfred 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTropical old‐growth grasslands are increasingly acknowledged as biodiverse ecosystems, but they are understudied in many aspects. Geoxyle species are a key component in many of these ecosystems, their belowground storage organs and bud banks are functionally diverse and contribute to the grasslands’ resilience. However, the drivers of the geoxyles’ evolution and (belowground) diversity are little understood. Thus, we combined analyses on the key aspects of diversity, belowground functionality, ancestry, and ecology of geoxyles to provide the first comprehensive understanding of this often overlooked growth form.LocationSouthern hemisphere Africa, particularly Angola as a part of the Zambezian phytochorion.TaxonGeoxyle species.MethodsWe assessed belowground bud bank types and biogeographic origins of geoxyles in grass‐dominated vegetation types on the Angolan plateau, covering a broad altitudinal, climatic and geological range. Geoxyles were sampled extensively at three different sites, yielding 118 taxa covering about 59% of the Angolan geoxyle flora. Based on the current distribution of these species in Africa below the equator, we analysed their origins and environmental correlates in a taxonomic, functional and biogeographic context.ResultsGeoxyle species numbers and species communities differed strongly among sites, but functional types showed very similar spectra. Geoxyles evolved in multiple lineages and originated in different biomes, and functional types were unevenly associated with lineages and biomes. Furthermore, functional types correlate to specific environmental driver combinations.Main conclusionsFunctional diversity is not directly linked to species diversity, but is a result of multiple biogeographic origins that contributed functionally differently preadapted lineages to the Zambezian flora. Thus, geoxyles can occur under different environmental conditions, but require seasonal climates, and open grassy ecosystems subjected to fire, frost and likely herbivory. We highlight the importance of frost as a correlate of geoxyle diversity and emphasize the need for further studies to understand this important and complex growth form.
Tariff simplification, privatization, and welfare superiority
Authors: Yang Ya‐Po , Zhang Qidi , Wang Leonard F. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn importing trade model, Cournot competition occurs between domestic semi‐public and foreign firms in domestic market; the government implements specific/ad valorem tariff. We examine the welfare effect of tariff simplification. Under general demand function, when semi‐public firms are more efficient than foreign firms with low/high privatization, tariff simplification hurts/benefits the domestic country. When semi‐public firms are less efficient than foreign firms with medium privatization, tariff simplification hurts the domestic country; else, it benefits the domestic country. When the government adopts optimal tariff rate and optimal privatization, and domestic semi‐public firms are less efficient than foreign firms, optimal privatization increases after tariff simplification.
An instrument assessing attitudes and beliefs toward human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Bertulfo Tara F. , Heo Seongkum , Troyan Patricia , Randolph Justus , An Minjeong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of a brief attitudes and beliefs toward human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination instrument in college students.DesignCross‐sectional, observational study.SampleEighty‐six nursing students.MeasurementsThe Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Human Papillomavirus Vaccination was used to test the reliability (Cronbach's alpha), homogeneity (item‐analyses), and validity (factor analysis and correlations).ResultsThe reliability of this 8‐item instrument was supported by a Cronbach's alpha of .854. Item homogeneity was supported by coefficients for all items > .30. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations of attitudes and beliefs assessed by this instrument to attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control assessed by different instruments (all ps < .001). Construct validity was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (all factor loadings ≥ .40). Predictive validity was supported by a significant relationship of attitudes and beliefs to completion of the vaccination (p < .001).ConclusionsThe Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Questionnaire was a reliable and valid instrument. This short instrument can be used to assess and improve attitudes and beliefs toward HPV vaccination, and, in turn, to facilitate the completion of the vaccination.
A suggestion for the quantification of precise and bounded probability to quantify epistemic uncertainty in scientific assessments
Authors: Raices Cruz Ivette , Troffaes Matthias C. M. , Sahlin Ullrika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn honest communication of uncertainty about quantities of interest enhances transparency in scientific assessments. To support this communication, risk assessors should choose appropriate ways to evaluate and characterize epistemic uncertainty. A full treatment of uncertainty requires methods that distinguish aleatory from epistemic uncertainty. Quantitative expressions for epistemic uncertainty are advantageous in scientific assessments because they are nonambiguous and enable individual uncertainties to be characterized and combined in a systematic way. Since 2019, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends assessors to express epistemic uncertainty in conclusions of scientific assessments quantitatively by subjective probability. A subjective probability can be used to represent an expert judgment, which may or may not be updated using Bayes's rule to integrate evidence available for the assessment and could be either precise or approximate. Approximate (or bounded) probabilities may be enough for decision making and allow experts to reach agreement on certainty when they struggle to specify precise subjective probabilities. The difference between the lower and upper bound on a subjective probability can also be used to reflect someone's strength of knowledge. In this article, we demonstrate how to quantify uncertainty by bounded probability, and explicitly distinguish between epistemic and aleatory uncertainty, by means of robust Bayesian analysis, including standard Bayesian analysis through precise probability as a special case. For illustration, the two analyses are applied to an intake assessment.
Network‐adjusted market share and the currency denomination of trade
Authors: Arioldi Davide , Ventura Luigi , Witte Mark David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe currency denomination of trade has been shown in many recent contributions to have far‐reaching effects on different macroeconomic phenomena, such as inflation and the international transmission of nominal shocks. In this work, we apply a novel index of bargaining power, which incorporates the network dimension of trade and brings fresh evidence as to the relevance of network‐related features (and implied bargaining power) in the choice of invoicing currency, which has received relatively little attention in the empirical literature, so far. By using a highly disaggregated, almost transaction level, data set of Italian imports and exports, we contribute to the existing empirical literature by documenting a very significant impact of trade network asymmetries, captured by our adjusted index of market share, on the choice of an invoice currency.
Comparative gene expression study highlights molecular similarities between triple negative breast cancer tumours and feline mammary carcinomas
Authors: Sommerville Lara , Howard Jane , Evans Shane , Kelly Pamela , McCann Amanda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a rare, highly metastatic subtype of breast cancer that typically develops tumours of a high histological grade. As TNBC is negative for the oestrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors it is also not eligible for targeted hormonal therapies. Therefore, those diagnosed with TNBC are faced with a very poor prognosis. Feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) have been shown to share key characteristics of TNBC and are being investigated as novel animal models of this disease. A study by Granados‐Soler et al., investigating prognostic markers of FMCs provided the basis of this research, and their prognostic value in TNBC was evaluated using a ‘data‐mining’ research approach. Overall, the comparative genomic aspect of this research identified several potential prognostic markers translatable across TNBC and FMCs. These prognostic markers warrant further investigation in comparative oncology studies.
Acidic chemical corneal ulceration secondary to nail polish spill in a puppy
Authors: Lo Stephanie K. , Uhl Lisa , Lee Jack , Cavanagh Amanda , Henriksen Michala de Linde 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the treatment of an acidic chemical corneal ulceration in a puppy secondary to nail polish spilling on and adhering to the cornea.Case SummaryA 12‐week‐old neutered male Australian Shepherd mix dog was presented to Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital's (CSU‐VTH) Emergency and Urgent Care service acutely after exposure to nail polish spilling on the left eye (OS). Initial ophthalmic examination revealed nail polish adhered to approximately 80% of the cornea with moderate diffuse corneal edema and chemosis, and green nail polish adhered to the skin and fur of the periocular area. Copious flushing with eye wash was performed, but no areas of reduced nail polish adherence were noted. The patient was treated with 1 drop of topical ofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution OS and hospitalized overnight, receiving hyaluronic acid ophthalmic lubrication every hour OS. The treatment plan was carried out for 6 h until time of transfer. In the morning, CSU‐VTH's Ophthalmology service removed a nonadhered nail polish plaque in 1 piece using Bishop–Harmon tissue forceps. Following removal, a superficial ulcer secondary to an acidic chemical burn covering 100% of the corneal surface was noted, as well as moderate diffuse corneal edema. Following topical treatment for 8 days, the superficial ulcer healed completely, with no significant long‐term consequences.Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first report of management of an acidic chemical corneal ulceration secondary to nail polish spill in a puppy. Early assessment and vigilance in treatment was essential for a good prognosis and outcome.
Personality and Walkability: Predicting Walking Behaviour in Urban Settings using the Higher Order Factors of the Big Five amongst Malaysian Adults
Authors: Bashri Ahmad Syukri , Che Amat Rohayah 
Published: January 2022

Walkability has now been a popular policy to be adopted in the city centre as traffic congestion and inefficient public transportation have affected the mobility of the urban users prior to the pandemic. The pandemic has paved more efforts to improve the design of urban spaces to increase walkability in the cities. In the attempt to predict walking activity amongst Malaysian adults psychologically, a personality test using Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS) was conducted in relation to individual walking frequency in urban settings. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the predicting capacity of personality constructs control by general intelligence in relation to walking behaviour. The results show that the higher order meta-traits of the big five personality traits which are Stability (Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and Plasticity (Extraversion and Openness to Experience) can be used as a reliable predictor for individual walking behaviour. As hypothesized, walking behaviour amongst Malaysians was characterized by reversed Stability (r = -.58) and high Plasticity (r = .76). The implication suggested the necessity of cognitive navigability and design predictability metrics of urban design cognitive performance in influencing the psychological factor of walking behaviour
Approach to Prioritizing the Commercial Real Estate Development Risk
Authors: Thilini Malka , Wikcramaarachchi Nishani Champika , Anuradha P.A.N.S. 
Published: January 2022

After 30 years of war in Sri Lanka, the demand for real estate has increased tremendously across the nation. Similarly, numerous real estate sub-sectors have avidly participated in the worldwide boom. However, with failures and poor functioning of many investment projects, the industry's risk management reputation has been put in jeopardy, followed by the coronavirus (COVID-19). Though it is less popular among Sri Lankan property developers, risk management strategies in development projects have become a pressing requirement. This paper's goal is to look at commercial property development risk elements from the perspective of a real estate developer in relation to Social, Economic, Environmental, Technological, Political, and Pandemic Risks. The research first evaluates risk variables using a super decision software model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), then prioritizes the most important risk factors, and lastly examines effective risk management measures for successful real estate developments. The data collection has been carried out using interviews through telephone conversations with the help of a structured questionnaire. Accordingly, 35 risk factors have been assessed altogether. For the three projects, the synthesized values were 1.0000, 0.510763, and 0.604037, respectively. Based on the analysis of superMatrix calculation, project A is regarded as the best alternative project in such circumstances. Pandemic Risk, Economic Risk, and Political Risk have all had a significant impact on the primary risk criteria. Therefore, COVID-19 Pandemic Risk Emergence, Workforce Availability, Duration, Delays in Council Approval/License Approval Process and Natural Disaster Impact were identified as the highest influenced sub-risk factors. Identifying the risk factors on this avenue will also help in making better investment decisions while increasing the unpredictable nature of the real estate field and future satisfaction of loan team investment goals within the country.