bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONFLIK BATIN TOKOH UTAMA PEREMPUAN DALAM ROMAN AROK DEDES KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Kamaludin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan unsur intrinsik, hasil psikoanalisis dan konflik batin tokoh utama perempuan dalam roman Arok Dedes karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah roman Arok Dedes karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan konflik batin tokoh utama perempuan, analisis struktural sebagai pijakan dan psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud untuk mengungkapkan konflik batin tersebut. Data diperoleh dengan teknik membaca dan mencatat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Struktur novel berupa unsur intrinsik yang difokuskan pada tema yaitu pemanfaatan perempuan dalam kekuasaan, plot yang terbagi menjadi tahap awal, tahap tengah, dan tahap akhir, penokohan yaitu tokoh Dedes sebagai tokoh utama perempuan dalam cerita, dan latar yang terbagi menjadi latar tempat, latar waktu, latar sosial-budaya; (2) konflik batin yang disebabkan oleh tokoh utama laki-laki, perlakuan Tunggul Ametung dan perlakuan Arok; (3) pandangan masyarakat dalam roman Arok Dedes terhadap tokoh utama perempuan. Kata Kunci: Konflik, Psikoanalisis, Tokoh Utama Perempuan.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA PADA BACAAN SASTRA ANAK RADEN LEGOWO: PAHLAWAN DARI HUTAN PEREWANGAN KARYA SULISTIATI DENGAN PERSPEKTIF RELIGIUSITAS
Authors: Gunawan Ardi Rai , S. Putro Sasongko 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan menempatkan dongeng atau sastra anak memiliki fungsi yang sama dengan kritik sastra lainnya, dalam perkembangan sejarah dan kritik sastra Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan meninjau berbagai sumber pustaka sebagai bahan referensi penulis. Struktur Greimas menjadi teori yang digunakan untuk analisis. Teori itu bertujuan menunjukkan fokus penulis pada tujuan penelitian, yaitu mengkaji semiotik yang berperspektif religiusitas Jawa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua teori struktur Greimas, semiotik Bühler, dan perpektif religiusitas Jawa, saling berimplikasi, serta sesuai dengan misi pengarang dan Pusat Bahasa perihal menumbuhkan budaya literasi pada anak. Kata Kunci: Sastra Anak, Pusat Bahasa, Semiotik, Religiusitas.
MARGINALISASI PEREMPUAN DALAM CERPEN “INEM” KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER (SEBUAH KAJIAN FEMINISME)
Authors: Permana Tenu , Maulana Indra 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKArtikel ini mendeskripsikan bentuk marginalisasi terhadap perempuan dalam cerpen “Inem” karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa novel Cerpen “Inem” Karya Pramoedya Ananta toer. Data dalam penelitiaan ini adalah berupa kalimat, paragraf, kutipan-kutipan dialog, dan wacana yang menggambarkan bentuk marginalisasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik Intrinsik. Dari Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa marginalisasi pada kaum perempuan tidak hanya terjadi dalam masyarakat atau budaya, melainkan terjadi juga di rumah tangga, dan bahkan negara. Kesimpulannya, marginalisasi terhadap perempuan dalam Cerpen “Inem” Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer terjadi bukan saja dari kemisikinan atau ketidaktahuan akan hak-haknya, melainkan dari peran dominan adat istiadat yang patriarkats dan tafsir keagamaan. Kata kunci: marginalisasi, perempuan, cerpen.
BAHAN AJAR SEBAGAI BAGIAN DALAM KAJIAN PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Noviyanti Evih , Triyanto Triyanto 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKMakalah ini menelaah problematika pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan pendekatan unsur bahan ajar. Bahan ajar yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah buku ajar yang digunakan oleh guru sebagai bahan ajar yang dominan. Selain itu terdapat diktat dan modul sebagai bahan ajar lainnya untuk implementasi penyampaian materi. Berdasarkan penelaahan yang dilakukan, buku menjadi bahan ajar yang dominan digunakan oleh guru bahasa Indonesia. Kata kunci: bahan ajar, buku, problematika pembelajaran bahasa
MODEL KAJIAN SASTRA BANDINGAN BERPERSPEKTIF LINTAS BUDAYA (STUDI KASUS PENELITIAN SASTRA DI ASIA TENGGARA)
Authors: Anggradinata Langgeng Prima 
Published: June 2022

Kajian sastra bandingan pernah menjadi kajian yang sangat berkembang dan memberi sumbangsih pada ilmu pengetahuan sastra. Namun, kini, kajian sastra bandingan berkurang peminat karena para peneliti lebih memilih metode, konsep, atau teori yang lebih mutakhir. Artikel ini bertujuan membahas metode kajian sastra bandingandan menemukan model kajian sastra bandingan, khususnya di Asia Tenggara. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dengan membandingkan penelitian sastra bandingan yang telah dilakukan di Asia Tenggara. Artikel ini meninjau metode kajian sastra bandingan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti di Asia Tenggara. Hasilnya, kajian sastra bandingan cukup berkembangan jika diperkaya metode, konsep, perspektif, dan teori baru, misalnya kajian lintas budaya, teori-teori kritis, dll. Dalam menggunakan kajian sastra bandingan, pengkaji dapat mencari persamaan satu karya sastra dengan karya sastra lain. Kemudian, pengkaji dapat melihat perbedaan kedua karya sastra itu. Pada tahap terakhir, pengkaji dapat menganalisis kedua karya sastra itu dengan pendekatan, konsep, atau teori tertentu, misalnya pendekatan lintas budaya. Kata kunci: Asia Tenggara; lintas budaya; sastra bandingan.
STRUKTUR NARATIF VLADIMIR PROPP (TINJAUAN KONSEPTUAL)
Authors: Trisari Agatha 
Published: June 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan menguraikan pokok pemikiran konseptual teori struktur naratif Vladimir Propp. Pokok pemikiran Propp dituangkan dalam bukunya yang berjudul Morfology of the Folktale. Analisis yang dilakukan menitikberatkan pada fungsi pelaku. Menurut Propp, suatu fungsi adalah tindakan seorang tokoh yang dibatasi dari segi maknanya. Dari teori Propp ini, diketahui terdapat unsur yang tetap dan unsur yang berubah. Unsur yang tetap adalah perbuatan atau tindakan, sedangkan Unsur yang berubah adalah pelaku atau penderita. Unsur yang tetap tersebut merupakan unsur yang penting dalam teori Propp. Terdapat empat hal yang panting dalam teori ini. Pertama, Fungsi Pelaku merupakan unsur-unsur yang tetap, Konstan dalam cerita, tanpa menghiraukan bagaimana dan oleh siapa fungsi-fungsi tersebut dipenuhi. Kedua, jumlah fungsi dalam cerita adalah tetap (31 fungsi). Ketiga, urutan fungsi pelaku senantiasa sama. Keempat, cerita dongeng dipandang dari sudut struktur adalah satu tipe. Melalui analisis fungsi pelaku pada lima cerita rakyat Jambi dapat diketahui beberapa hal, (1) Jumlah fungsi pelaku; (2) urutan fungsi pelaku dan kerangka urutan fungsi pelaku; (3) penyebaran fungsi-fungsi di antara pelaku; (4) skema pergerakan ceritaKata kunci: fungsi pelaku; penyebaran fungsi pelaku; Propp; skemapergerakan cerita; struktur naratif.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERITA PENDEK SISWA KELAS IX DI SMP SWASTA HKBP SIDIKALANG MELALUI PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Situmorang Ade Friska , Hutasoit Yanti , Sari Sartika 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis cerita pendek dengan menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), yang menggunakan model penelitian Kemmis dan Taggart yang terdiri dari 4 tahap, yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Dalam pengamatan yang peneliti lakukan, ditemukan bahwa penyebab ketidakberhasilan siswa dalam menulis cerita pendek adalah pertama, motivasi belajar siswa yang sangat rendah. Kedua, kurangnya perhatian siswa pada saat guru mengajar. Ketiga, guru hanya menjelaskan teknis menulis cerpen yang tepat tanpa adanya sentuhan langsung dari lingkungan sekitar maupun kehidupan sosial. Pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual dilaksanakan melalui pertanyaan, bertanya, dan diskusi. Kata Kunci: keterampilan menulis; pendekatan kontekstual.
Re-repair vs. Replacement for Failed Mitral Valve Repair: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhong Zhaoji , Xu Hang , Song Wu , Liu Sheng 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare outcomes of re-repair with those of mitral valve replacement (MVR) for failed initial mitral valve repair (MVr).MethodsWe searched the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that compared mitral valve re-repair with MVR for the treatment of failed initial MVr. Data were extracted by two independent investigators and subjected to a meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), hazard ratio (HR), ratio difference (RD), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with the Mantel-Haenszel and inverse-variance methods for mode of repair failure, perioperative outcomes, and follow-up outcomes.ResultsEight retrospective cohort studies were included, with a total of 938 patients, and mean/median follow-up ranged from 1.8 to 8.9 years. Pooled incidence of technical failure was 41% (RD: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.5; P = 0.00; I2 = 86%; 6 studies, 846 patients). Pooled mitral valve re-repair rate was 36% (RD: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.26–0.46; P = 0; I2 = 91%; 8 studies, 938 patients). Pooled data showed significantly lower perioperative mortality (RR: 0.22; 95% CI: 07 to 0.66; I2 = 0%; P = 0.008; 6 studies, 824 patients) and significantly lower long-term mortality (HR:0.42; 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.58; I2 = 0%; P = 0; 7 studies, 903 patients) in the re-repair group compared with MVR.ConclusionsMitral valve re-repair was associated with better immediate and sustained outcomes for failed MVr and should be recommended if technically feasible.
Case Report: Recurrent Deposition in Renal Allografts: A Rare Case of Fibronectin Glomerulopathy Overlooked in Native Kidneys
Authors: Wei Xiaona , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Rui , Liang Peifen , Liu Bo , Wang Lin , Yue Shuling , Li Xiaojuan , Chen Wenfang , Yang Qiongqiong 
Published: June 2022

Fibronectin glomerulopathy (FNG) is a rare inherited kidney disease characterized by extensive deposition of fibronectin in the glomeruli, especially in the mesangial and subendothelial regions. The disease progresses slowly and eventually leads to kidney failure in 15–20 years. Here, we report an interesting case. The patient presented with proteinuria and was diagnosed with immune complex–mediated glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis was suspected. This patient progressed to end-stage renal disease after 18 years and received an allogeneic kidney transplant. However, proteinuria recurred 27 months after kidney transplantation. The renal biopsy found extensive deposition in glomeruli, and the patient was diagnosed with FNG using mass spectrometry analysis and confirmed by immunohistochemistry in both the native and transplanted kidneys. Gene sequencing revealed that a missense mutation in the fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene caused reduced binding to heparin, endothelial cells, and podocytes and impaired stress fiber formation. The patient had stable renal function but persistent nephrotic proteinuria after 6 months of follow-up. Given the persistence of abnormal circulating fibronectin levels, FNG can relapse following renal transplantation. The circulating fibronectin deposits on grafts, and renal function progressively deteriorates after recurrence. Therefore, whether renal transplantation is an acceptable treatment for FNG is still debatable.
A Pan-Cancer Analysis Revealing the Dual Roles of Lysine (K)-Specific Demethylase 6B in Tumorigenesis and Immunity
Authors: Ding Jia-Tong , Yu Xiao-Ting , He Jin-Hao , Chen De-Zhi , Guo Fei 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Epigenetic-targeted therapy has been increasingly applied in the treatment of cancers. Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) is an epigenetic enzyme involved in the coordinated control between cellular intrinsic regulators and the tissue microenvironment whereas the pan-cancer analysis of KDM6B remains unavailable.Methods: The dual role of KDM6B in 33 cancers was investigated based on the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) databases. TIMER2 and GEPIA2 were applied to investigate the KDM6B levels in different subtypes or stages of tumors. Besides, the Human Protein Atlas database allowed us to conduct a pan-cancer study of the KDM6B protein levels. GEPIA2 and Kaplan–Meier plotter were used for the prognosis analysis in different cancers. Characterization of genetic modifications of the KDM6B gene was analyzed by the cBioPortal. DNA methylation levels of different KDM6B probes in different TCGA tumors were analyzed by MEXPRESS. TIMER2 was applied to determine the association of the KDM6B expression and immune infiltration and DNA methyltransferases. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the association of the KDM6B expression with TMB (tumor mutation burden) and MSI (microsatellite instability). The KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis and GO (Gene ontology) enrichment analysis were used to further investigate the potential mechanism of KDM6B in tumor pathophysiology.Results: KDM6B was downregulated in 11 cancer types and upregulated across five types. In KIRC (kidney renal clear cell carcinoma) and OV (ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma), the KDM6B level was significantly associated with the pathological stage. A high level of KDM6B was related to poor OS (overall survival) outcomes for THCA (thyroid carcinoma), while a low level was correlated with poor OS and DFS (disease-free survival) prognosis of KIRC. The KDM6B expression level was associated with TMB, MSI, and immune cell infiltration, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts, across various cancer types with different correlations. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis revealed the relationship between H3K4 and H3K27 methylation and KDM6B function.Conclusion: Dysregulation of the DNA methyltransferase activity and methylation levels of H3K4 and H3K27 may involve in the dual role of KDM6B in tumorigenesis and development. Our study offered a relatively comprehensive understanding of KDM6B’s dual role in cancer development and response to immunotherapy.
Cytokine TGFβ Gene Polymorphism in Asthma: TGF-Related SNP Analysis Enhances the Prediction of Disease Diagnosis (A Case-Control Study With Multivariable Data-Mining Model Development)
Authors: Panek Michał , Stawiski Konrad , Kaszkowiak Marcin , Kuna Piotr 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionTGF-β and its receptors play a crucial role in asthma pathogenesis and bronchial remodeling in the course of the disease. TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 isoforms are responsible for chronic inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, myofibroblast activation, fibrosis, bronchial remodeling, and change the expression of approximately 1000 genes in asthma. TGF-β SNPs are associated with the elevated plasma level of TGF-β1, an increased level of total IgE, and an increased risk of remodeling of bronchi.MethodsThe analysis of selected TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was conducted on 652 DNA samples with an application of the MassARRAY® using the mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Dataset was randomly split into training (80%) and validation sets (20%). For both asthma diagnosis and severity prediction, the C5.0 modelling with hyperparameter optimization was conducted on: clinical and SNP data (Clinical+TGF), only clinical (OnlyClinical) and minimum redundancy feature selection set (MRMR). Area under ROC (AUCROC) curves were compared using DeLong’s test.ResultsMinor allele carriers (MACs) in SNP rs2009112 [OR=1.85 (95%CI:1.11-3.1), p=0.016], rs2796821 [OR=1.72 (95%CI:1.1-2.69), p=0.017] and rs2796822 [OR=1.71 (95%CI:1.07-2.71), p=0.022] demonstrated an increased odds of severe asthma. Clinical+TGF model presented better diagnostic potential than OnlyClinical model in both training (p=0.0009) and validation (AUCROC=0.87 vs. 0.80,p=0.0052). At the same time, the MRMR model was not worse than the Clinical+TGF model (p=0.3607 on the training set, p=0.1590 on the validation set), while it was better in comparison with the Only Clinical model (p=0.0010 on the training set, p=0.0235 on validation set, AUCROC=0.85 vs. 0.87). On validation set Clinical+TGF model allowed for asthma diagnosis prediction with 88.4% sensitivity and 73.8% specificity.DiscussionDerived predictive models suggest the analysis of selected SNPs in TGF-β genes in combination with clinical factors could predict asthma diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity, however, the benefit of SNP analysis in severity prediction was not shown.
Comprehensive Urinomic Identification of Protein Alternatives to Creatinine Normalization for Diagnostic Assessment of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Soomro Sanam , Stanley Samantha , Lei Rongwei , Saxena Ramesh , Petri Michelle , Mohan Chandra 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe current gold standard used for urine biomarker normalization, creatinine, poses a challenge to translate to the point of care because antibodies to creatinine are difficult to develop and currently available ligands to creatinine are sub-optimal for this purpose. Hence, protein alternatives to creatinine are clearly needed. To address this need, lupus nephritis was selected as a model disease where urine protein assessment is required for diagnosis.MethodsA comprehensive proteomic screen of 1129 proteins in healthy and lupus nephritis urine was executed to identify protein alternatives to creatinine for the normalization of urine biomarkers. Urinary proteins that correlated well with creatinine but did not vary with disease were further validated by ELISA in an independent cohort of lupus nephritis subjects.ResultsThe comprehensive proteomic screen identified 14 urine proteins that correlated significantly with urine creatinine but did not differ significantly between SLE and controls. Of the top five proteins selected for ELISA validation, urine HVEM and RELT once again showed significant correlation with urine creatinine in independent cohorts. Normalizing a lupus nephritis biomarker candidate ALCAM using urinary HVEM demonstrated comparable diagnostic ability to creatinine normalization when distinguishing active lupus nephritis from inactive SLE patients.ConclusionsThe discovery of urine HVEM as a protein alternative to creatinine for biomarker normalization has applications in the engineering of antibody-based point of care diagnostics for monitoring lupus nephritis progression.
3D Collagen Fiber Concentration Regulates Treg Cell Infiltration in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Gao Huan , Tian Qi , Zhou Yan , Zhu Lizhe , Lu Yinliang , Ma Yingying , Feng Jinteng , Jiang Yina , Wang Bo 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor prognosis and a lack of effective therapeutic agents owing to the absence of biomarkers. A high abundance of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) was associated with worse prognosis in malignant disease. Exploring the association between Treg cell infiltration and TNBC will provide new insights for understanding TNBC immunosuppression and may pave the way for developing novel immune-based treatments.Materials and MethodsPatients from TCGA were divided into Treg-high (Treg-H) and Treg-low (Treg-L) groups based on the abundance of Tregs according to CIBERSORT analysis. The association between expression level of Tregs and the clinical characteristics as well as prognosis of breast cancer were evaluated. Next, a Treg-related prognostic model was established after survival-dependent univariate Cox and LASSO regression analysis, companied with an external GEO cohort validation. Then, GO, KEGG and GSEA analyses were performed between the Treg-H and Treg-L groups. Masson and Sirius red/Fast Green staining were applied for ECM characterization. Accordingly, Jurkat T cells were encapsulated in 3D collagen to mimic the ECM microenvironment, and the expression levels of CD4, FOXP3 and CD25 were quantified according to immunofluorescence staining.ResultsThe expression level of Tregs is significantly associated with the clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients, and a high level of Treg cell expression indicates a poor prognosis in TNBC. To further evaluate this, a Treg-related prognostic model was established that accurately predicted outcomes in both TCGA training and GEO validation cohorts of TNBC patients. Subsequently, ECM-associated signaling pathways were identified between the Treg-H and Treg-L groups, indicating the role of ECM in Treg infiltration. Since we found increasing collagen concentrations in TNBC patients with distant migration, we encapsulated Jurkat T cells within a 3D matrix with different collagen concentrations and observed that increasing collagen concentrations promoted the expression of Treg biomarkers, supporting the regulatory role of ECM in Treg infiltration.ConclusionOur results support the association between Treg expression and breast cancer progression as well as prognosis in the TNBC subtype. Moreover, increasing collagen density may promote Treg infiltration, and thus induce an immunosuppressed TME.
Intestinal Microbiota - An Unmissable Bridge to Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Wang Zhengjian , Li Fan , Liu Jin , Luo Yalan , Guo Haoya , Yang Qi , Xu Caiming , Ma Shurong , Chen Hailong 
Published: June 2022

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), one of the most serious abdominal emergencies in general surgery, is characterized by acute and rapid onset as well as high mortality, which often leads to multiple organ failure (MOF). Acute lung injury (ALI), the earliest accompanied organ dysfunction, is the most common cause of death in patients following the SAP onset. The exact pathogenesis of ALI during SAP, however, remains unclear. In recent years, advances in the microbiota-gut-lung axis have led to a better understanding of SAP-associated lung injury (PALI). In addition, the bidirectional communications between intestinal microbes and the lung are becoming more apparent. This paper aims to review the mechanisms of an imbalanced intestinal microbiota contributing to the development of PALI, which is mediated by the disruption of physical, chemical, and immune barriers in the intestine, promotes bacterial translocation, and results in the activation of abnormal immune responses in severe pancreatitis. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) mediated immunol mechanisms in the occurrence of PALI via binding with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) through the microbiota-gut-lung axis are focused in this study. Moreover, the potential therapeutic strategies for alleviating PALI by regulating the composition or the function of the intestinal microbiota are discussed in this review. The aim of this study is to provide new ideas and therapeutic tools for PALI patients.