bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides on immune function in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhou Bingxue , Nguyễn Audrey D. , Shen Jinyang , Wu Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe immune enhancement effects of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides (CLP) in vitro and in vivo were observed in this study. The results of the in vitro experiments show that CLP extract can promote the activation and maturation of dendritic cells and enhance the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, CD80, CD86, and MHC II. Expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α was determined with ELISA kits, CD80 and CD86 were measured by flow cytometry, and MHC II was analyzed with a laser scanning confocal microscope. Changes in dendritic cell morphology and volume were also studied. The in vivo experiment shows that CLP can promote the secretion of IL‐6, INF‐γ, IgA, and IgG and enhance humoral and cellular immunity in mice. CLP extract's ability to upregulate immunity in vitro and in vivo makes it worthy of further investigation as an effective natural immunopotentiator.Novelty impact statement

Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides could enhance immunity in vitro and in vivo.

C. lentillifera polysaccharides will be worthy to investigate to an natural immunopotentiator.
Prevalence of use and characteristics of users of home‐based medical care in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Leff Bruce , Ritchie Christine , Ciemins Elizabeth , Dunning Stephan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesHome‐based medical care (HBMC) is longitudinal medical care provided by physicians, advanced practice providers, and, often, inter‐professional care teams to patients in their homes. Our objective is to determine the prevalence of HBMC among older adults (≥65) insured by a Medicare Advantage (MA) plan and compare characteristics of those who receive HBMC to those who do not.MethodsStudy used de‐identified medical claims and enrollment records for MA beneficiaries during calendar years 2017 and 2018 linked with socioeconomic status data in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. We defined a cohort of MA beneficiaries age ≥65 receiving HBMC for at least 2 months during 2017–2018, described the cohort using demographic, utilization, and comorbidity data and compared it to a 5% random sample of a population of MA beneficiaries age ≥65 not receiving HBMC (No HBMC).ResultsOverall, 1.45% of the study cohort age ≥65 received HBMC. Compared to No HBMC (n = 132,147), those receiving HBMC (n = 38,800) were more likely to be: older (46.6% vs. 11.9% age 85+); female (70.8% vs. 58.5%); Black (12.3% vs. 11.3%); urban (90.3% vs. 81.3%); experience hospitalization (38.0% vs. 13.3%), emergency department visit (58.3% vs. 26.9%), ambulance trip (44.1% vs. 9.6%), skilled nursing facility (37.6% vs. 6.4%), or hospice care admission (21.1% vs. 3.5%). They also were more likely to experience a wide range of chronic conditions including dementia (58.1% vs. 5.2%), morbidity burden (Charlson score 3.4 vs. 1.8), and serious illness (77.1% vs. 29.5%). All comparisons p < 0.0001.ConclusionsMA beneficiaries who received HBMC are older, experience greater chronic and serious illness burden, and higher levels of facility‐based care than those who did not receive HBMC. MA plans need strategies to identify patients that would benefit from HBMC and develop approaches to deliver such care to this impactful, often invisible population.
Maternal diet during breastfeeding in correlation to calcium and phosphorus concentrations in human milk
Authors: Bzikowska‐Jura Agnieszka , Wesołowska Aleksandra , Sobieraj Piotr , Michalska‐Kacymirow Magdalena , Bulska Ewa , Starcevic Isidora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of maternal diet on mineral concentration in human milk (HM) remains unclear. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal dietary intake and calcium and phosphorus concentrations in HM. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the intake of both minerals by exclusively breastfed infants.MethodsHM samples were obtained from 30 mothers at 6–8 weeks postpartum. Each mother was asked to express pre‐ and postfeeding milk four times during a 24‐h period (6.00–12.00, 12.00–18.00, 18.00–24.00, 24.00–6.00). Maternal dietary assessment was based on a food frequency questionnaire and 3‐day dietary records. Analysed minerals were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (NexION 300D ICP mass spectrometer, Perkin Elmer SCIEX).ResultsThe mean concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in HM samples were 278.7 ± 61.0 and 137.1 ± 21.9 mg/L, respectively, maintaining 2:1 ratio by weight. The concentration of both minerals was correlated with each other (r = 0.632,p = <0.001). The infants' mean calcium intake was 149.53 ± 36.41 mg/L, and their mean phosphorus intake was 74.62 ± 19.41 mg/L. The risk of insufficient intake of calcium was reported in 60% of infants (n = 18). Spearman's/Pearson's correlation coefficients did not reveal any correlations between HM calcium concentration and maternal diet, contrary to HM phosphorus concentration, which was positively correlated with energy (r = 0.369,p = 0.045), total protein (r = 0.464,p = 0.01), calcium (r = 385,p = 0.036), phosphorus (r = 501,p = 0.005), niacin (p < 0.001) and pyridoxine (r = 382, 0.037) intake. However, in multivariable analysis we observed that maternal dietary intake of both minerals had a positive influence on their concentration in HM.ConclusionsMaternal calcium and phosphorus intake influenced the concentration of both minerals in HM; however, the relationship was rather weak. In addition, we observed that calcium intake by most of the exclusively breastfed infants was insufficient to meet the recommended daily intake.
The influence of consumer behavior on the environmental footprint of passenger car tires
Authors: Hennequin Thomas , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , van Zelm Rosalie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of consumer behavior on the life cycle of products can provide further insights into effective mitigation strategies. Here, we developed a stochastic model to quantify the influence of consumer behavior on midpoint and endpoint impacts of European passenger car tires. The life cycle included resource extraction, production, use, and end‐of‐life stages of a passenger car tire with a functional unit of driving 50,000 km. The combined influence of variability in the lifetime, rolling resistance, size and inflation pressure of the tire, and mass and engine efficiency of the car on a range of environmental footprints was assessed via Monte Carlo simulations. We found that differences in consumer behavior can change the environmental impacts of tires with a factor 1.6 to 2.1 (95th/5th percentile). Environmental savings over the life cycle of tires are effectively achievable by stimulating the use of smaller cars and fuel‐efficient tires with longer lifetimes. We found that a shift in consumer behavior specifically related to tires can result in mitigations of the tire's life cycle impacts ranging from 13% for human toxicity to 26% for climate change. Our findings show that a detailed variability analysis can provide case‐specific and realistic recommendations to mitigate environmental footprints.
Cyberbullying Among Asian American Youth Before and During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Patchin Justin W. , Hinduja Sameer 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTPURPOSEEarly in the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a concern that cyberbullying incidents would increase as youth were spending more time online. Additionally, reports emerged that Asian American citizens were being disproportionately targeted due to the purported origination of the disease. The current study explores whether cyberbullying incidents increased among adolescents overall—and Asian American youth in particular—since the onset of the coronavirus.METHODSThree unique national surveys of teens (aged 13–17, mean = 14.96) conducted in 2016 (N = 4742), 2019 (N = 4250), and 2021 (N = 2546) were analyzed to track experience over time with general cyberbullying, as well as cyberbullying based on race or color. Additionally, respondents were asked in 2021 whether they had been cyberbullied more or less since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic.RESULTSMore youth have experienced cyberbullying since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with Asian American youth most likely to report increased victimization during the pandemic. For example, in 2021, 23.2% of youth reported experiencing cyberbullying compared to 17.2% in 2019 and 16.7% in 2016. Among Asian American youth, 23.5% said they were cyberbullied because of their race in 2021, compared to 7.4% in 2019 and 13.9% in 2016.CONCLUSIONSAs more adolescents continue to spend more time online, cyberbullying victimization may increase across all racial groups. In the current politicized environment, Asian Americans may continue to be targeted because of their race. Schools and communities should augment existing implementations and pedagogy with more population‐specific approaches that are culturally relevant, culturally sustaining, and that reflect the unique lived experiences of Asian American youth.IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONThe current study shows that more adolescents have experienced cyberbullying (both general and race‐based) since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The increase in race‐based victimization was highest among Asian American youth.
Bronchiectasis in children following kidney transplantation in New Zealand
Authors: Everitt Jacqueline , Mulholland Anna , Kim Vivian , Prestidge Chanel 
Published: October 2022

AimBronchiectasis is an acquired chronic respiratory condition with a relatively high incidence in New Zealand children. Bronchiectasis following kidney transplant has been reported internationally. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate of bronchiectasis following paediatric kidney transplantation. Secondary aims were to assess the impact on kidney allograft function and identify risk factors that might prompt earlier diagnosis.MethodsCase control study of children who developed bronchiectasis following kidney transplant in New Zealand. All children who were transplanted during the 16‐year period from 2001 to 2016 were included. Each identified case was matched with two controls (children who did not develop bronchiectasis and received a kidney transplant within the closest time period to their matched case). Data were collected on baseline demographics, clinical variables, immunosuppression and allograft function.ResultsOf 95 children who had a kidney transplant during the specified time period, eight (8.4%) developed bronchiectasis at a median of 4 years post‐transplant. The mean incidence rate of bronchiectasis was 526 cases per 100 000 paediatric kidney transplant population per year. The majority of children were Māori or Pasifika ethnicity and lived in areas of greater socio‐economic deprivation. Immunosuppression burden and allograft function were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of bronchiectasis following paediatric kidney transplantation is substantially higher than the baseline paediatric incidence rate in New Zealand. A high index of suspicion for bronchiectasis and prompt investigation of children post kidney transplantation with a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infection or chronic cough are advised.
In situ quantitative assessment of food oral processing parameters: A review of feasible techniques and devices
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Yu Shixin , Xu Yifei , Li Jiangyong , Liu Boyu , Liu Shikun , Ning Haohao , Xu Dongfu , Low Sze Shin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOral processing is a combination of various actions, the detailed description of which has always been the subject of relevant research. By means of imaging technology and sensory evaluation, more knowledge of oral processing have been accumulated. Presently, the advances in sensory technology have added quantitative parameters to the qualitative description of oral processing, which also enriched the specifics of each action. Previous studies have shown that oral processing includes lip closure, dental occlusion, masticatory muscles activity, tongue movement, and swallowing, whose processing contains rich information such as the movement of organ and the intensity of organ contacts. “Quantification” was taken in this review as the basic feature of in situ detection information, the relevant parameters and feasible methods for the quantitative description of each activity was recorded in detail. In addition, basic problems and feasible optimization schemes of the existing in situ detection device are also proposed in the hope of promoting the development of in situ detection device thus providing available information for the description of oral processing.
Phylogenetically under‐dispersed gut microbiomes are not correlated with host genomic heterozygosity in a genetically diverse reptile community
Authors: Holmes Iris A. , Grundler Michael C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile key elements of fitness in vertebrate animals are impacted by their microbiomes, the host genetic characteristics that factor into microbiome composition are not fully understood. Here, we correlate host genomic heterozygosity and gut microbiome phylogenetic diversity across a community of reptiles in southwestern New Mexico to test hypotheses about the behaviour of host genes that drive microbiome assembly. We find that microbiome communities are phylogenetically under‐dispersed relative to random expectations, and that host heterozygosity is not correlated with microbiome diversity. Our analyses reinforce results from functional genomic work that identify conserved host immune and nonimmune genes as key players in microbiome assembly, rather than gene families that rely on heterozygosity for their function.
ZmASY1 interacts with ZmPRD3 and is crucial for meiotic double‐strand break formation in maize
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Shu‐Yue , Wang Ya‐Zhong , He Yan 
Published: October 2022

Summary
During meiosis, recombination‐mediated pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes begin with programmed DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). In yeast and mice, DSBs form in a tethered loop–axis complex, in which DSB sites are located within chromatin loops and tethered to the proteinaceous axial element (AE) by DSB‐forming factors. In plants, the molecular connection between DSB sites and chromosome axes is poorly understood.
By integrating genetic analysis, immunostaining technology, and protein–protein interaction studies, the putative factors linking DSB formation to chromosome axis were explored in maize meiosis.
Here, we report that the AE protein ZmASY1 directly interacts with the DSB‐forming protein ZmPRD3 in maize (Zea mays) and mediates DSB formation, synaptonemal complex assembly, and homologous recombination. ZmPRD3 also interacts with ZmPRD1, which plays a central role in organizing the DSB‐forming complex. These results suggest that ZmASY1 and ZmPRD3 may work as a key module linking DSB sites to chromosome axes during DSB formation in maize.
This mechanism is similar to that described in yeast and recently Arabidopsis involving the homologs Mer2/ZmPRD3 and HOP1/ZmASY1, thus indicating that the process of tethering DSBs in chromatin loops to the chromosome axes may be evolutionarily conserved in diverse taxa.
Comparing Bone Graft Techniques for Interbody Fusion through a Posterior Approach for Treating Mid‐Thoracic Spinal Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Jiang Dingyu , Sun Guannan , Jia Runze , Zhang Yilu , Wang Xiyang , Xu Zhenchao 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveMid‐thoracic spinal tuberculosis is prone to kyphotic deformities and neurologic impairment. Posterior approach can effectively restore the spinal stability by reconstructing the anterior and middle spinal columns. Titanium mesh cages (TMC), allogeneic bone (ALB), and autogenous bone (AUB) are three main bone graft struts. We aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three bone graft struts, for anterior and middle column reconstruction through a posterior approach in cases of mid‐thoracic spinal tuberculosis.MethodsHundred and thirty seven patients with thoracic spinal tuberculosis who had undergone a posterior approach from June 2010 to December 2018 were enrolled. Of them, 46 patients were treated using a titanium mesh cage (TMC group), 44 with allogenic bone grafts (ALB group), and 47 using autogenous bone grafts (AUB group). The following were analyzed to evaluate clinical efficacy: visual analogue scale (VAS) values, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, kyphotic Cobb's angle, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade and in the mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) of Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), duration of bone graft fusion. The data of the three groups were compared by way of variance analysis, followed by the LSD⁃t test to compare each group. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the dates of pre‐, postoperative and final follow‐up.ResultsThe follow‐up duration was at least 3 years. All patients achieved a complete cure for spinal TB. Neurological performance and quality of life were remarkably improved at the final follow‐up. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time and VAS values 1 day postoperatively for TMC group and ALB group were significantly lower than those in AUB group (P < 0.05). The duration of bone graft fusion in ALB group (18.1 ± 3.7 months) was longer than that in TMC group and AUB group (9.5 ± 2.8 and 9.2 ± 1.9 months) (P < 0.05). No significant intergroup differences were observed in terms of age or preoperative, 3‐months postoperative, and final follow‐up indices of ESR and CRP among the three groups (P > 0.05). At the final follow‐up, the correction loss was mild (2.1 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 1.0, 2.1 ± 0.8) and Cobb's angles of the three groups were 20.1 ± 2.9, 20.5 ± 3.2, 20.9 ± 3.4, respectively, which were remarkably rectified in comparison with the preoperative measurements (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn terms of postoperative recovery and successful fusion rate of bone graft, it seems that posterior instrumentation, debridement, and interbody fusion with titanium mesh cages are more effective and appropriate surgical methods for mid‐thoracic spinal tuberculosis.
Cell wall ester modifications and volatile emission signatures of plant response to abiotic stress
Authors: Jardine Kolby J. , Dewhirst Rebecca A. , Som Suman , Lei Joseph , Tucker Eliana , Young Robert P. , Portillo‐Estrada Miguel , Gao Yu , Su Luping , Fares Silvano , Castanha Cristina , Scheller Henrik V. , Mortimer Jenny C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrowth suppression and defence signalling are simultaneous strategies that plants invoke to respond to abiotic stress. Here, we show that the drought stress response of poplar trees (Populus trichocarpa) is initiated by a suppression in cell wall derived methanol (MeOH) emissions and activation of acetic acid (AA) fermentation defences. Temperature sensitive emissions dominated by MeOH (AA/MeOH <30%) were observed from physiologically active leaves, branches, detached stems, leaf cell wall isolations and whole ecosystems. In contrast, drought treatment resulted in a suppression of MeOH emissions and strong enhancement in AA emissions together with volatiles acetaldehyde, ethanol, and acetone. These drought‐induced changes coincided with a reduction in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration, and leaf water potential. The strong enhancement in AA/MeOH emission ratios during drought (400%–3500%) was associated with an increase in acetate content of whole leaf cell walls, which became significantly 13C2‐labelled following the delivery of 13C2‐acetate via the transpiration stream. The results are consistent with both enzymatic and nonenzymatic MeOH and AA production at high temperature in hydrated tissues associated with accelerated primary cell wall growth processes, which are downregulated during drought. While the metabolic source(s) require further investigation, the observations are consistent with drought‐induced activation of aerobic fermentation driving high rates of foliar AA emissions and enhancements in leaf cell wall O‐acetylation. We suggest that atmospheric AA/MeOH emission ratios could be useful as a highly sensitive signal in studies investigating environmental and biological factors influencing growth‐defence trade‐offs in plants and ecosystems.
Two‐level trout supply chain's economic efficiency analysis in Iran: Trout egg import subsidies role
Authors: Asadikia Hiva , Mosavi Seyed Habibollah , Reed Michael R. , Bjorndal Trond , Najafi Alamdarlo Hamed , Khalilian Sadegh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIran has subsidised trout egg imports due to the lower feed conversion ratio of most imported trout eggs. However, the rainbow trout industry is divided on whether to allocate or abolish imported trout subsidies. The elimination of such support would lead to a three‐fold rise in the price of imported trout eggs (which are already more expensive than domestic trout eggs). Furthermore, the economic performance of the domestic trout supply chain over the imported trout supply chain remains yet to be clarified. The present study seeks to evaluate whether imported trout egg subsidies should be continued. Economic efficiency and network data envelopment analysis are used to evaluate the performance and role of subsidies in trout supply chains in Mazandaran, one of the largest trout farming provinces as a new case study in the aquaculture sector, in 2018. Farms that used imported trout eggs were found to have lower economic efficiency and higher dependence on import subsidies. Feed costs were identified to be the most important explanation for poor economic efficiency of trout production. Finally, the results reveal that the development of domestic trout propagation supply chains with integrated forward vertical structures could improve efficiency in the system. The re‐distribution of imported trout egg subsidies to fund feed cost reduction technologies could provide effective solutions to enhance economic efficiency, production sustainability and food security.
Propagation of porcine spermatogonial stem cells in serum‐free culture conditions using knockout serum replacement
Authors: Das Arpana , Bhuyan Dipak , Lalmalsawma Timothy , Das Partha Pratim , Koushik Simanta , Chauhan Manmohan Singh , Bhuyan Mandakranta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn vitro culture and expansion of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is an essential prerequisite to enhancing livestock productivity through SSC transplantation. Most of the culture media have been observed to be supplemented with serum. However, the use of serum in culture media may exert detrimental effects on SSC maintenance in vitro. An attempt was made to culture SSCs by replacing serum with 5% ‘Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR)’ in Doom pig (Sus domesticus), one of the valued indigenous germplasm of North‐East India. Testes from 7 to 15 days old piglets were used for isolation, enrichment and in vitro culture of putative SSCs using serum‐based and serum‐free culture media. The cells were characterized for SSC‐specific pluripotent markers expression by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real‐time PCR. The diameter and number of SSC colonies were recorded on days 9, 20 and 30 of culture. Similar morphologies of the SSC colonies were observed in both serum‐based and serum‐free culture conditions. Colony diameter and colony number were non‐significantly higher in serum‐free than serum‐based media. The cells from both the culture conditions showed high alkaline phosphatase activity. The expression of SSC‐specific pluripotent markers was observed in immunofluorescence and quantitative real‐time PCR study. The present study revealed that SSCs from porcine species could be maintained in vitro for up to 30 days in serum‐free culture using 5% KSR, which is believed to be a promising protein source for improving livestock production, and health care along with their conservation.