bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation, Evaluation and Comparison of Mesalamine compression coated tablets by using Natural and Semi synthetic polymers
Authors: Joshna B , Sirisolla Janaki Devi 
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this research paper is to formulate, evaluate and compare compression-coated tablets of Mesalamine using natural and synthetic polymer. The natural polymers used were pectin and Xanthan gum and the synthetic polymer used was HPMC E50 LV. Initially tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different polymers and both pre-compression and post-compression evaluation was conducted. Using the same polymers compression coated tablets of mesalamine were prepared by compression coating method using Cellulose acetate phthalate as the enteric polymer. These tablets were also subjected to pre-compression and post-compression evaluation and all the values obtained were in acceptable limits. Dissolution studies were conducted in different media having pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4. The dissolution results showed the drug release of uncoated tablet of HPMC E50 LV was 108.42% at 480 minutes, Pectin was 100.53% at 300 minutes and Xanthan gum was 108.73% at 90 minutes. The drug release of coated tablets of HPMC E50 LV was 100.42% at 680 minutes, Pectin was 102.31% at 580 minutes and Xanthan gum was 100.42% at 300 minutes. Hence the study showed that the compression coated tablets of mesalamine using HPMC E50 LV showed delayed release of the drug in 680 minutes.
Keywords: Mesalamine, Colon targeting drug delivery system, Compression coating method, Delayed release, Cellulose acetate phthalate.
A Comprehensive Review on Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery
Authors: Chauhan Vasu , Agrawal Abhinav , Singh Umesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

The two major problems in the development of new drugs are low aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. Although, drug delivery via oral route is most preferred for years but it also has some drawbacks. Various techniques for improving the solubility have been developed, however the success of these techniques depends on the physical and chemical properties of the drug under development. In recent years, mucoadhesive drug delivery gained high popularity in comparison to other routes of drug delivery as it can circumvent the drawbacks of conventional delivery system such as first pass metabolism, enzymatic degradation, GI toxicity of some drugs, instability in acidic or alkaline environment and poor bioavailability. Various mucoadhesive dosage forms have been developed recently including tablets, patches, films, ointments, gels etc. The objective of current review is to provide a comprehensive overview of mucoadhesive drug delivery including the mechanism and theories behind mucoadhesion, factors affecting mucoadhesion, different dosage forms, polymers used in mucoadhesive formulations, characterization techniques, marketed products and current scenario & future challenges.
Keywords: Mucoadhesion, Buccal mucosa, Mucoadhesive drug delivery, Mucoadhesive polymers, Mucus membrane, Patents
Clinical Trials: Essential Stage in Development of Drug
Authors: Tamboli S.S. , Surwade A.B. , Mahale K.J. , Khairnar K.B. , Avhad K.B. , Avhad A.V. , Chavan A.G. , Kaluse P.S. , Darekar A.B. , Ugale P.G. , Jadhav S.S. 
Published: August 2022

This article gives an idea about the clinical trials and way its importance in the development of the vaccine. The different phases which are involved in clinical trials like phase I, phase II, phase III, and phase IV. Each phase role in the development of vaccines and how clinical trials play an important role in the treatment of various diseases. The role of a clinical trial is to help society and the entire medical community by contributing to the research and development of new drugs concerning their safety and efficacy.
Keywords: Preclinical trials, phase I trial, phase II trial, phase III trial, phase IV trial
Impact of Hypertension on Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Suryowati Trini , Gultom Fajar Lamhot , Muntu Ester Grace Nikti 
Published: August 2022

Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies, characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 90 mmHg. Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for chronic kidney disease. This research aims to know the impact of hypertension on chronic kidney disease patients in UKI General Hospital from 2019 – to 2020. The design of this research was retrospective. The sample used was 58 patients following inclusion criteria. The instruments used are medical records of hypertension patients in UKI General Hospital from 2019 – to 2020. The results showed that 23 (39.7%) patients with hypertension were male, 35 (60.3%) patients with hypertension were female, and 15 (25.9%) patients with hypertension aged 46 – 55 years and 56 – 65 years. The chi-square correlation test results between hypertension and chronic kidney disease obtained p > 0.05. It was concluded that in UKI General Hospital during 2019 – 2020, hypertension has no significant impact on chronic kidney disease.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension
INVESTIGATION OF PHAGOCYTE FUNCTIONS IN PSEUDOMONAS-COLONIZED CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Duman Handan , Barlik Meral , Topyıldız Ezgi , Gülen Figen , Aksu Güzide , Kütükçüler Necil , Demir Esen , Edeer Karaca N. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive
disorder. Although it is considered as an epithelial disease due to
impaired chloride transport, its pathogenesis is not clear. CF is
classified as a syndrome with congenital defects of phagocyte in recent
human inborn errors of immunity phenotypic classification. Neutrophils
are the most effective cells in the eradication of bacterial infections
such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to
investigate the phagocyte functions in pseudomonas colonized cystic
fibrosis patients. Material-Method: A total number of 26
Pseudomonas colonized cystic fibrosis patients and 21 healthy controls
(sex and age matched) were included in the study. Absolute neutrophil
counts(ANC), immunoglobulin values (Ig), Migratest to evaluate
chemotaxis in neutrophils and monocytes, CD11A/CD18/CD15 S (β2 integrin)
adhesion molecules, Phagoburst test for intracellular bacterial killing
were analyzed by flow cytometer. Results: Absolute neutrophil
counts (ANC), CD15S expression on neutrophils and IgG, IgA and IgM
levels were higher in CF patients than control group (p<0.01,
0,018). The neutrophils oxidative burst activity and chemotactic ability
of CF patients did not differ from that of controls. Patients with
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) and with a mutation of
2183AA>G had significantly lower chemotaxis index than the
others (respectively p:0.01, p:0.01). Conclusion: Our results
from a small group of patients does not support impaired functions such
as migration and phagocytosis of neutrophils in patients with CF.
Further studies involving more CF patients are needed to make a
definitive interpretation.
Helsinkiläis- ja tamperelaispuhujien äänenkorkeuden muutokset 1970-luvulta 2010-luvulle
Authors: Mustanoja Liisa , O'Dell Michael , Lappalainen Hanna 
Published: August 2022

Suomalaisen sosiolingvistisen reaaliaikatutkimuksen kohteina ovat olleet fonologiset ja morfologiset piirteet. Tutkimuksemme laajentaa näkökulmaa prosodisiin piirteisiin tarkastelemalla puhujien äänenkorkeudessa (F0) tapahtuneita muutoksia. Aineistona on helsinkiläis- ja tamperelaispuhujien haastattelutallenteet 1970-, 1990- ja 2010-luvuilta. Kolmeen kertaan haastateltuja puhujia on yhteensä 21 (10 naista, 11 miestä). Heistä 16 on syntynyt 1950-luvulla ja viisi 1920–1930-luvuilla. Täydentävänä aineistona on käytetty 14:n kahteen kertaan tallennetun naispuhujan haastatteluja.
Kansainvälisissä tutkimuksissa on pitkään raportoitu naisten puhekorkeuden laskusta. Toisaalta viimeaikaiset suomalaistutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että tällaista äänenkorkeuden laskutrendiä ei ole enää viime vuosikymmeniltä havaittavissa. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, millaisena äänenkorkeuden muutoskehitys näyttäytyy, kun tarkasteluun otetaan samojen puhujayksilöiden eri vuosikymmenten haastattelutallenteet.
Tutkimuksessa selvisi, ettei miespuhujilta ole löydettävissä yhtenäistä ikään tai tarkasteluaikakauteen kytkeytyvää muutostendenssiä. Sen sijaan naispuhujilla äänenkorkeus laskee ikävuosien 20 ja 40 välillä riippumatta siitä, mille tarkasteluvuosikymmenille tämä ikävaihe sijoittuu. Havainnon taustalla näyttää ensisijaisesti olevan yksilön äänialan laajentuminen alarekisterin suuntaan. Syyt tähän ovat pikemminkin sosiaalisia kuin biologisia.
Käsityksiä kielen ja sosiaaliluokan yhteyksistä suomenruotsissa
Authors: Haapamäki Saara , Wikner Sarah 
Published: August 2022

Sosiaaliluokka on ollut yksi keskeisistä muuttujista labovilaisessa sosiolingvistiikassa, jamonet variaatiotutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, miten kielellinen variaatio nivoutuu sosiaalisiinkerrostumiin. Kielenpuhujien havaintoja luokkaa heijastavista kielen piirteistä ja käytänteistäei sen sijaan ole juurikaan tutkittu. Tämä artikkeli pyrkii paikkaamaan tätä tutkimusaukkoasoveltamalla kansanlingvististä lähestymistapaa tutkimuksessa suomenruotsalaistenkäsityksistä kielen ja luokan yhtymäkohdista. Aineistona on käytetty 182 henkilön vastauksiakyselylomakkeeseen. Vastaajat edustavat erilaista sosiaalista taustaa, eri ikäryhmiä ja erimaantieteellisiä paikkoja Suomen ruotsinkielisillä alueilla.
Tulokset osoittavat, että vastaajien käsitykset kielen ja luokan liittymäkohdista ovat vaihteleviaja hieman ristiriitaisiakin. Suurin osa vastaajista on sitä mieltä, että suomenruotsissa esiintyyluokkaan kytkeytynyttä vaihtelua, mutta heidän käsityksensä siitä, mitkä kielenpiirteetheijastelevat tällaista vaihtelua eroavat toisistaan. Jatkotutkimuksissa olisikin suositeltavaakäyttää toisenlaisia aineistonkeruumenetelmiä, jotta olisi mahdollista saada monipuolisempaatietoa kielen ja luokan indeksikaalisista kytköksistä.
The Reign of Peter I as Viewed by the Representatives of Russian State Nationalism (M.N. Katkov, A.S. Suvorin, M.O. Menshikov
Authors: Sankova Svetlana M. , Krizhanovsky Nikolay I. 
Published: August 2022

In the article the authors examine the views of conservative publicists of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries: M.N. Katkov, A.S. Suvorin, M.O. Menshikov. These publicists are attributed by the authors to the exponents of the ideas of state nationalism. The authors trace the duality of the basic attitudes of state nationalism, manifested in changes in the ratio of priorities of state and national construction. The authors come to certain conclusions on the basis of an analysis of the views of those thinkers on the results of the activities of Peter I. The article shows that Katkov’s views were unconditionally dominated by the interests of the state as such and the interests of the people were inferior to the state needs. That determined his generally positive attitude towards the activities of Peter the Great. In contrast, Suvorin and Menshikov already brought to the fore the needs and necessities of the Russian people as the main builder of the state. They were concerned about the erosion of national identity, and the inappropriate expenditure of human resources, which, in their opinion, was a hidden threat to the viability of the state itself. At the same time, all representatives of state nationalism unconditionally recognized the greatness of the personality of Peter I himself and the global character of the transformations he accomplished.
Peter I: the “Blessed Tsar” or the “First Bolshevik”?
Authors: Makarkin Alexey V. 
Published: August 2022

There was not a single Orthodox saint among the victims in the reign of Peter I, which distinguishes Peter from both Ivan the Terrible and Catherine II. St. Mitrofan of Voronezh and St. Dimitri of Rostov, who lived in Peter’s time, had contradictory opinions about his various actions, but were not in opposition to the tsar (and St. Mitrofan actively supported some of his initiatives). The figures of the Russian Orthodox emigration, who expressed their opinions freely without the pressure of censorship, mainly distinguished both positive and negative sides in Peter’s activities, which was connected with the search for the balance between state interests and religious identity. The idealization of Peter was unacceptable to them, but for the most part they tried to avoid his demonization.
Peter’s Reforms as National: the Publicistic Aspect of S.V. Solovyov’s “Public Readings on Peter the Great”
Authors: Teslya Andrey A. 
Published: August 2022

Sergey M. Solovyov (1820–1879) – is one of the most well-known and authoritative Russian historians, the author of the monumental work “History of Russia” in 29 volumes, and the creator of the “common scheme of Russian history” (M. Grushevsky). At the same time, his political views and publicistic activity are still not in the focus of the researchers’ attention. The present article attempts to draw special attention to one of the most well-known and repeatedly reprinted work of the historian – his “Public Readings on Peter the Great”. Twelve public lectures were delivered by Solovyov in February – March of 1972 in Moscow Noble Assembly hall in the context of the celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the first all-Russia emperor. Leaving aside the well-studied historiographic value of that work, the author of the article analyzes its text (together with the draft and Solovyov’s commencement address at the grand meeting in Moscow University May 30, 1872) fro the point of view of the currently important political problems in the 1860-ies and the beginning of the 1870-ies years, and above all, the aspects of nationalism. Solovyov appears to be at once an opponent of both Slavophils and Katkov’s nationalism, interpreting “narodnost’” (national character) as historical, dynamic category, while conceiving Russian nation as part of European nations. And at the same tine Solovyov emphasizes the connection of contemporaneity with the formation of personal independence, initiative, as well as compatibility and ability for pubic unity.
Reforms of Peter I and the Search for Social Harmony Model: Correlation Problem
Authors: Bakurkov Anatoly A. 
Published: August 2022

The article examines the role of Peter I reforms for developing the Russian identity in general, and in particular for the development of communitarianism as a special feature of Russian social thought. The study shows that the practical activity of Peter I and its theoretical analysis in the works by F. Prokopovich, V.N. Tatishchev and I.T. Pososhkov contributed to the development of sustainable, archetypal ideas within the Russian society regarding the connection between social harmony and social justice and the idea of the so-called “common good” and the cult of public service. Those ideas would be afterwards persistently reproduced in Russian history, obtaining philosophical and ideological framing.
Peter’s Life-Work
Authors: Chernyakhovsky Sergey F. 
Published: August 2022

Peter I started in Russia in fact a specific type of caesaristic democracy based on the direct connection of the nation-wide and military leader who had mass support of lower social classes. And he established the so-called “spirit of Peter” – the tradition of projected breaking through that denies the external determinacy of transcendent and religious principles, and is ready to accept the challenge of “accomplishing the impossible”. It became the institution of tradition, a component part of culture and spiritual heritage. A military officer in the long run was always more respected in society than a clergyman or even a party functionary. The army became a kind of a patrimonial relic, a sort of family talisman. The favorite toy of the country and the people. The favorite toy of the American people is a carefully kept Winchester. Even if it is never put to use. Our people prefer the country army as the favorite toy, – even if it is rarely put to use. The army was largely viewed not only as defender from enemy without, but also as defender from the country government arbitrariness. A well-known saying “Those who don’t want to provide for the country army, will have to provide for the enemy one”, – has its analogue. Those who don’t want to accept the personal power limitations imposed by the constitutionally elected parliament, will have to accept the limitations enforced by the soldiers of the Guards regiments.
The Service Estate In the Reign of Peter the Great: History of Creation and Mechanisms of Constructing Community
Authors: Panchenko Alexey B. 
Published: August 2022

Peter I reforms aimed at the construction of a regular state required creating a special service estate. He initially needed to destroy the old nobility for this purpose. The first step in this direction was the creation of the Guard, a small corporation that was loyal to the tsar personally. Joining the Guard required neophytes to perform certain initiation rituals aimed at the pointed break with tradition. After that, a larger community, whose main task was military service, began to be formed on the basis of the Guard. Education was a prerequisite for joining this society, and social mobility within it was based solely on individual merit. The final stage was the extension of the service principle to civilian service. As the result, the nobility as legally implemented as new service estate. At the same time, there remained preserved mechanisms of both replenishment of this society from outside and exclusion from it of the people who were not ready to serve. However, the sudden death of Peter I did not allow his ideas to be entrenched, due to which the nobility subsequently ceased to perform its main function – serve the empire.
ASEAN�s External Economic Relations and the Limits of Its Economic Diplomacy
Authors: Killian Pantri Muthriana Erza 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this article is to outline the multiple facets of ASEAN�s external economic relations (EER), loosely termed as ASEAN economic diplomacy. In doing so, this article builds on two main frameworks: strands of economic diplomacy and general framework of economic diplomacy and employs research interviews and documentary analysis as the main research method. Findings suggest that ASEAN is most advanced in its trade diplomacy, relying on the ASEAN-plus scheme. ASEAN also displays an interesting pattern in their trade diplomacy, since it is mostly aimed at achieving political goals rather than economic ones. The main reason for this is because ASEAN member states can actually achieve larger economic gains by negotiating individually rather than collectively through ASEAN. However, ASEAN still faces limitations in doing collective negotiations due to its regional development gap, different levels of economic ambition, absence of a common external tariff and the lack of a regional negotiator acting on behalf of ASEAN.
Keywords: ASEAN, economic diplomacy, external economic relations, trade diplomacy
KOSA KATA BAHASA ARAB DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Jabir Muh. 
Published: August 2022

When one talks about learning Arabic, the first thing that comes to mind is the vocabulary found in the Arabic language. It is very logical because vocabulary is the first and primary element in speaking, both orally and in writing. Vocabulary is regarded as the first and main element in speaking, because the sentence (al-kalam) as a complete and meaningful expression that someone uses to convey his message to others, consisting of several vocabulary. Messages with more quantities are of course delivered through several sentence arrangements. From several sentence arrangements formed a larger element of the sentence called a paragraph. And so on, the more messages a person wants to convey to others, it is required for him to compose more and more sentences. From a few paragraphs a larger element is formed than a paragraph called a chapter. From some chapters there is a larger element of it called a book. Vocabulary plays a very important role in achieving the goal of learning Arabic, which is the achievement of four language skills in the learners themselves. Vocabulary is part of the branches of Arabic science (â€˜UlÅ«m al-Lugah al-â€˜Arabiyyah atau al-â€˜UlÅ«m al-â€˜Arabiyyah)
Impact of ASEAN-China free trade area on fishery value chain based on difference-in-difference method
Authors: Rong Huang , Yingli Zhang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article screened five main countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (namely the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia) as the treatment group, while Norway, Canada, the United States and Japan were set as the control group. Firstly, the entry of a country into the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) has a significant role in promoting the domestic production of ASEAN countries. Secondly, ACFTA entry does not significantly affect the position of aquatic products of ASEAN countries in the global production chain. Thirdly, from the perspective of domestic food supply of aquatic products, ACFTA has no direct impact on the local demand for aquatic products.
The Algorithm Accuracy of Mathematical Model to Improve the Transmission Speed of E-commerce Platform
Authors: Xu Ranran , Shatat Abdallah Saleh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
After the input signal of e-commerce network information enters the network, it will inevitably be polluted by network delay. There is an error between the network output signal obtained by the receiver and the input signal of the transmitter. We combine control combination algorithms with mathematical models. And the power spectral density function is introduced into the signal transmission mathematical model of the e-commerce platform. Experiments prove that the new model is closer to the transmission efficiency change of the actual network communication signal than the traditional model.
Variability of Water Exchange in the Hyporheic Zone of a Lowland River in Poland Based on Gradientometric Studies
Authors: Marciniak Marek , Ziułkiewicz Maciej , Górecki Michał 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Moszczenica is a lowland river, which is a third-order river with a length of 55 km; it flows into the Bzura River in central Poland. The objective of this study was to evaluate two important factors in the exchange between surface water and groundwater in the hyporheic zone: a considerable change in water flow conditions and various origins of riverbed sections, natural and artificial. To identify the spatial variation of the hydraulic gradient in the hyporheic zone of the river, a gradientmeter was applied. The measurements show that at low water stages, upwelling was dominant, with an evidently inactive zone, whereas downwelling was inconsiderable. However, the morphology of the riverbed changed during the flood flow, and downwelling clearly dominated. Upwelling zones retained their activity despite a major change in hydrological conditions. Present studies on the artificially dug Moszczenica Canal have documented outflow of water from an artificial medieval canal to a naturally formed drainage base. This means that despite the passage of hundreds of years, the natural drainage base of the Moszczenica River is still active. Studies have demonstrated the applicability of the gradientmeter for evaluating the interaction between surface and groundwaters in the hyporheic zone.