bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The plant microbiota signature of the Anthropocene as a challenge for microbiome research
Authors: Berg Gabriele , Cernava Tomislav 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
One promise of the recently presented microbiome definition suggested that, in combination with unifying concepts and standards, microbiome research could be important for solving new challenges associated with anthropogenic-driven changes in various microbiota. With this commentary we want to further elaborate this suggestion, because we noticed specific signatures in microbiota affected by the Anthropocene.

Results
Here, we discuss this based on a review of available literature and our own research targeting exemplarily the plant microbiome. It is not only crucial for plants themselves but also linked to planetary health. We suggest that different human activities are commonly linked to a shift of diversity and evenness of the plant microbiota, which is also characterized by a decrease of host specificity, and an increase of r-strategic microbes, pathogens, and hypermutators. The resistome, anchored in the microbiome, follows this shift by an increase of specific antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms as well as an increase of plasmid-associated resistance genes. This typical microbiome signature of the Anthropocene is often associated with dysbiosis and loss of resilience, and leads to frequent pathogen outbreaks. Although several of these observations are already confirmed by meta-studies, this issue requires more attention in upcoming microbiome studies.

Conclusions
Our commentary aims to inspire holistic studies for the development of solutions to restore and save microbial diversity for ecosystem functioning as well as the closely connected planetary health.
Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon
Authors: Teukeng Félicité Flore Djuikwo , Blin Manon , Bech Nicolas , Gomez Marta Reguera , Zein-Eddine Rima , Simo Alain Michel Kouam , Allienne Jean-Francois , Tchuem-Tchuenté Louis Albert , Boissier Jérôme 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and S. bovis (Sb) have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe. Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown, this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans, to describe the structure of S. haematobium populations on a large geographic scale, and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these populations.

Methods
From January to April 2019, urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct populations. Miracidia were collected from eggs in this urine. To detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1 (RD-PCR) and ITS2 gene (PCR-RFLP). Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite markers. Gene diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes, and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst, PCA and Bayesian approaches.

Results
Of the 1327 miracidia studied, 88.7% were identified as pure genotypes of S. haematobium (Sh_Sh/Sh) while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids (7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb, 3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb). No miracidium has been identified as a pure genotype of S. bovis. Allelic richness ranged from 5.55 (Loum population) to 7.73 (Matta-Barrage) and differed significantly between populations. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 53.7% (Loum) to 59% (Matta Barrage) with no significant difference. The overall genetic differentiation inferred either by a principal component analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial structure. Southern populations (Loum and Matta Barrage) were clearly separated from other localities but genetic differentiation between northern localities was limited, certainly due to the geographic proximity between these sites.

Conclusions
Hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis were identified in 11.3% of miracidia that hatched from eggs present in the urine of Cameroonian schoolchildren. The percentages of these hybrids are correlated with the genetic diversity of the parasite, indicating that hybridization increases genetic diversity in our sampling sites. Hybridization is therefore a major biological process that shapes the genetic diversity of S. haematobium.

Graphical Abstract
Alterations of gut microbiota diversity, composition and metabonomics in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rats
Authors: Li Lu-Yao , Han Jie , Wu Lan , Fang Cheng , Li Wei-Guang , Gu Jia-Min , Deng Tong , Qin Chang-Jiang , Nie Jia-Yan , Zeng Xian-Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies had shown many diseases affect the stability of human microbiota, but how this relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of BPH on gut microbiota composition and metabonomics.

Methods
We analyzed gut samples from rats with BPH and healthy control rats, the gut microbiota composition and metabonomics were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Results
High-throughput sequencing results showed that gut microbiota beta-diversity increased (P < 0.01) in the BPH group vs. control group. Muribaculaceae (P < 0.01), Turicibacteraceae (P < 0.05), Turicibacter (P < 0.01) and Coprococcus (P < 0.01) were significantly decreased in the BPH group, whereas that of Mollicutes (P < 0.05) and Prevotella (P < 0.05) were significantly increased compared with the control group. Despite profound interindividual variability, the levels of several predominant genera were different. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in several bacteria. BPH group vs. control group: Firmicutes (52.30% vs. 57.29%, P > 0.05), Bacteroidetes (46.54% vs. 41.64%, P > 0.05), Clostridia (50.89% vs. 54.66%, P > 0.05), Ruminococcaceae (25.67% vs. 20.56%, P > 0.05). LC–MS/MS of intestinal contents revealed that differential metabolites were mainly involved in cellular processes, environmental information processing, metabolism and organismal systems. The most important pathways were global and overview maps, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, digestive system and endocrine system. Through enrichment analysis, we found that the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, steroid hormone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and bile secretion. Pearson correlation analysis (R = 0.94) showed that there was a strong correlation between Prevotellaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Turicibacteraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and differential metabolites.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested an association between the gut microbiota and BPH, but the causal relationship between the two groups is unclear. Thus, further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms and causal relationships between BPH and gut microbiota.
DCAU-Net: dense convolutional attention U-Net for segmentation of intracranial aneurysm images
Authors: Yuan Wenwen , Peng Yanjun , Guo Yanfei , Ren Yande , Xue Qianwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSegmentation of intracranial aneurysm images acquired using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is essential for medical auxiliary treatments, which can effectively prevent subarachnoid hemorrhages. This paper proposes an image segmentation model based on a dense convolutional attention U-Net, which fuses deep and rich semantic information with shallow-detail information for adaptive and accurate segmentation of MRA-acquired aneurysm images with large size differences. The U-Net model serves as a backbone, combining dense block and convolution block attention module (CBAM). The dense block is composed of a batch normalization layer, an randomly rectified linear unit activation function, and a convolutional layer, for mitigation of vanishing gradients, for multiplexing of aneurysm features, and for improving the network training efficiency. The CBAM is composed of a channel attention module and a spatial attention module, improving the segmentation performance of feature discrimination and enhancing the acquisition of key feature information. Owing to the large variation of aneurysm sizes, multi-scale fusion is performed during up-sampling, for adaptive segmentation of MRA-acquired aneurysm images. The model was tested on the MICCAI 2020 ADAM dataset, and its generalizability was validated on the clinical aneurysm dataset (aneurysm sizes: < 3 mm, 3–7 mm, and > 7 mm) supplied by the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. A good clinical application segmentation performance was demonstrated.
First-principles phonon calculations for lattice dynamics, thermal expansion and lattice thermal conductivity of CoSi in the high temperature region
Authors: Sk Shamim , Pandey Sudhir K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study presents the first-principles phonon calculations to understand the experimental thermal expansion (

) and lattice thermal conductivity

of CoSi in the high temperature region. Phonon dispersion is computed using the finite displacement method and supercell approach by taking the equilibrium crystal structures obtained from DFT. The calculation of

is done under quasi-harmonic approximation. The

is calculated using first-principle anharmonic lattice dynamics calculations under single-mode relaxation time approximation. The calculated

in the temperature range 0–1300 K gives a good match with existing experimental data. The calculated value of

(∼8.0 W/mK) at 300 K is found to be in good agreement with the experimental value of ∼8.3 W/mK. The temperature dependence of phonon lifetime due to phonon-phonon interaction is calculated to understand the behaviour of

. The present study suggests that ground state phonon dispersion obtained from DFT-based methods gives reasonably good explanation of experimental

and

.
The Other Kind of Reclamation: Wetlands Drainage and National Water Policy, 1902–1912
Authors: CARLSON ANTHONY E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This essay evaluates national wetlands policy during the first decade of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1890s the national government began to assume new responsibilities for natural resource management. By the end of World War I, Congress exercised some form of control over western irrigation, flood control, and range and mineral policies. Yet Progressive Era national policymakers were also deeply interested in wetlands drainage. In the early 1900s they launched an abortive movement to nationalize drainage in the hopes of creating new farms, improving public health, and relieving urban congestion. The failure of the movement illustrates that centralization, which scholars identify as a primary theme of Progressive Era conservation, was neither inevitable nor inexorable. Ironically, the growth of the embryonic administrative and regulatory state sometimes precluded the development of centralized natural resource programs by pitting different natural resource agencies, local communities, and constituent groups against one another in a bitter and irreconcilable feud over power and funding.
Heterogeneous integrated phase modulator based on two-dimensional layered materials
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhao Zexing , Zhang Ziming , Wang Guoqing , Li Jiatong , Shang Zhenyuan , Zhang Mengyu , Guo Kai , Yang Junbo , Yan Peiguang 
Published: March 2022

Silicon nitride, with ultralow propagation loss and a wide transparency window, offers an exciting platform to explore integrated photonic devices for various emerging applications. It is appealing to combine the intrinsic optical properties of two-dimensional layered materials with high-quality optical waveguides and resonators to achieve functional devices in a single chip. Here we demonstrate a micro-ring resonator-based phase modulator integrated with few-layer

MoS

2

. The ionic liquid is employed directly on the surface of

MoS

2

to form a capacitor configuration. The effective index of the composite

MoS

2

–
SiN

waveguide can be modulated via adjusting bias voltages to achieve different charged doping induced electro-refractive responses in

MoS

2

film. The maximum effective index modulation of the composite

MoS

2

–
SiN

waveguide can be achieved to

0.45
×

10

−
3

. The phase tuning efficiency is measured to be 29.42 pm/V, corresponding to a

V

π

L

of 0.69 V·cm. Since the micro-ring resonator is designed near the critical coupling regime, the coupling condition between the bus waveguide and micro-ring resonator can also be engineered from under-coupling to over-coupling regime during the charged doping process. That can be involved as a degree of freedom for the coupling tailoring. The ability to modulate the effective index with two-dimensional materials and the robust nature of the heterostructure integrated phase modulator could be useful for engineering reliable ultra-compact and low-power-consumption integrated photonic devices.
Analisis Fatwa DSN MUI Mengenai Pembiayaan Multijasa dengan Akad Ijarah pada BMT
Authors: Maulana Diky Faqih , Rozak Abdul 
Published: March 2022

Kehadiran BMT membantu masyarakat kalangan menengah kebawah yang tidak terjangkau oleh perbankan. Salah satu pelayanan masyarakat yang ditawarkan BMT yakni pembiayaan ijarah multijasa. Lembaga Keuangan Syariah yang mengeluarkan pembiayaan multijasa dengan akad ijarah harus mengikuti ketentuan Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang pembiayaan ijarah. Ditetapkannya fatwa tersebut, pasti berawal dari sebuah latar belakang dan alasan-alasan penting. Selain itu, proses ijtihad yang dilakukan oleh DSN-MUI dalam menetapkan fatwa di atas juga menarik untuk dikaji. Berangkat dari hal tersebut, perlu kiranya dilakukan kajian analisis terhadap fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) Nomor 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang ijarah dan dampaknya pada Baitul Maal Wattamwil (BMT). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fatwa DSN-MUI No.09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 mengharuskan BMT menyediakan barang yang disewakan atau jasa yang dimiliki dan dilakukan oleh pihak BMT, bukan jasa yang dimiliki oleh pihak lain. Terkait objek akad, belum ada penegasan dalam Fatwa DSN No. 44/DSN-MUI/VII/2004 tentang Pembiayaan Multijasa maupun fatwa tentang ijarah. Karena menurut Al-Kasani, dalam persewaan tidak dapat diterapkan pada uang, begitu pula ketentuan ijarah tidak mengatur secara jelas objeknya. Hal ini melahirkan perbedaan persepsi bagi BMT terkait objek ijarah dan rentan adanya pembiayaan dalam bentuk modal. Ketentuan ujrah dalam Fatwa disebutkan bahwa besarnya harus disepakati di awal dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk nominal bukan dalam bentuk prosentase, namun dalam praktiknya banyak BMT yang menerapkan ujrah dalam satuan prosentase. Kata Kunci: Fatwa DSN-MUI, Pembiayaan Ijarah Multijasa, BMT.
Obligasi Syariah di Indonesia Tinjauan Terhadap Jenis dan Penerapan Akad Serta Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor
Authors: Mena Amertha Nevada Della , Anwar Ahmad Syaifudin 
Published: March 2022

Pasar modal adalah tempat yang mempertemukan pihak investor dan pihak perusahaan. obligasi Syariah menjadi salah satu instrument yang tersedia dalam pasar modal. Obligasi Syariah sebagai alternatif bagi investor untuk menginvestasikan dana selain dalam instrument saham dan juga reksa dana, namun patut untuk diperhatikan bahwa bagaimana pengaturan hukum terkait legitimasi obligasi Syariah tersebut, serta jenis akad yang dipergunakan dan bagaimana penerapannya serta yang paling esensial adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi investor yang telah memilih obligasi Syariah sebagai alternatif dalam berinvestasi. penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian normative, yang merujuk kepada peraturan perundangan dan juga literatur terkait. Dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pengaturan mengenai prinsip-prinsip syariah pada obligasi syariah sudah diatur secara lengkap pada peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, meliputi Undang-Undang No.8 Tahun 1995 Tentang Pasar Modal Syariah, Peraturan-peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga terkait serta fatwa DSN-MUI, akad yang dipergunakan dalam obligasi Syariah adalah akad mudharabah dan juga akad ijarah akan tetapi penggunaan akad ijārah muntahiya bi al-tamlīk dalam Sukuk Ijarah menjadi persoalan karena aplikasi akad tersebut membuka peluang terjadi riba dalam bentuk yang sama dengan bai‟ al-„īnah. Perlindungan terhadap investor diatur dalam pasal 1 butir 7 dan 45 Undang-Undang 8 Tahun 1995 mengenai asas keterbukaan serta adanya jaminan dari MUI dan DSN sebagai legitimasi kebenaran secara syariat atas instrument investasi tersebut.Kata kunci ; Investor, Akad, obligasi Syariah
Penyelesaian Sengketa Dalam Akad Mudharabah Oleh Pihak Pengusaha (Mudharib)
Authors: Arisandy Samsul , Rosyda Farrah Syamala 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe problems with mudharabah financing can occur either in default or against the law. Dispute resolution can be pursued as a step to resolve the problem. this can be pursued by the Mudarib.The purpose of this research is to know for completion within mudharobah covenants and the steps taken by the mudharib whose mudharabah contract was problematic.The research method used is a normative method using data in the form of literature in the form of legislation, DSN-MUI fatwas, books and literature that support this research. The collected data was analyzed using analytical description method in order to answer the problem.There are 3 (three) dispute resolutions in the mudharabah contract through restructuring, non-litigation dispute resolution such as negotiation, mediation and arbitration and litigation dispute resolution through religious courts. For mudharib, the first step in dispute resolution is to apply for restructuring. Restructuring can be an easy means of solving financing problems.Keyword: Dispute Resolution, Mudharabah, Mudharib AbstrakPermasalahan pada pembiayaan mudharabah bisa saja terjadi baik wanprestasi ataupun perbuatan melawan hukum. Penyelesaian sengketa dapat diupayakan sebagai langkah menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. hal ini dapat diupayakan oleh pihak Mudharib. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyelesaian dalam akad mudharobah dan langkah dilakukan oleh mudharib yang akad mudharabahnya bermasalah.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode normatif dengan menggunakan data-data berupa pustaka berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, fatwa DSN-MUI, buku-buku dan literatur yang mendukung dalam penelitian ini. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan metode deskripsi analitis agar dapat menjawab permasalahan.Penyelesaian sengketa dalam akad mudharabah ada 3 (tiga) dapat melalui Restrukturisasi ulang, Penyelesaian sengketa non litigasi seperti negoisasi, mediasi dan arbitrasi serta Penyelesaian sengketa litigasi melalui pengadilan agama. Bagi mudharib, langkah awal dalam penyelesaian sengketa dapat mengajukian restrukturisasi ulang. Restrukturisasi ulang dapat menjadi sarana mudah dalam penyelesaian permasalahan pembiayaan.Kata kunci: Penyelesaian sengketa, mudharabah, mudharib
When concept-based language instruction meets cognitive linguistics: teaching English phrasal verbs with up and out
Authors: Qin Jie , Wu Zhangxin , Zhong Shuneng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study investigates the efficacy of instructional practices informed by an integration of cognitive linguistics (CL) and concept-based language instruction (C-BLI) on EFL learners’ learning of polysemous English phrasal verbs. Such efficacy is also compared with that of a traditional instruction in which meanings of phrasal verbs are considered as unanalyzable and arbitrary and acquired through rote-learning. In an 8-week quasi-experiment with a pretest, immediate-posttest, delayed-posttest design, 93 intermediate-level Chinese university students were divided into a cognitive, a traditional, and a control group. The results suggested that the CL-C-BLI integrated instruction facilitated the learners’ memorization and recall of the phrasal verbs’ meanings, but it was not so effective in promoting their recognition and distinction of phrasal verbs’ meanings in sentential contexts as the traditional instruction did. This study contributes to the field by adding evidence of innovative instructional practices in ways that are both usage-inspired and grounded in developmental education.
Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. On osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, osteoclastic activity, and bone calcium mineralization
Authors: Kakadia Nimisha , Vegad Kunjal , Kanaki Niranjan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Since ancient times Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. (AA) consumed for the bone and muscle related disorder like the bone fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone loss. To study the effects of the aqueous (AAA) and ethanolic extract (AAE) of AA on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, osteoclastic activity and bone matrix mineralization using in vitro primary bone-marrow cultures.

Methods
Effect of AAA and AAE was estimated using four in vitro assays. Primary bone marrow cell culture, isolated from rat femur bone, was used for all the assays. Cell growth and viability were assessed by standard colorimetric assays like MTT assay. The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblastic lineage was evaluated by the measuring the levels of the osteoblast-specific marker, alkaline phosphatase. Antiosteoclastic action and matrix mineralization were measured using TRAP assay and Alizarin red-s staining assay, respectively.

Results
It indicates that AAA causes more increase in osteoblast differentiation and a reduction in osteoclast activity as compared to AAE. In osteoblast proliferation assay, AAA was found to promote more cell proliferation as compared to AAE. Higher concentrations of AAA significantly increased mineralization of bone-like matrix.

Conclusions
The extracts of AA have a significant positive influence on osteogenesis and they inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Hence, these extracts have the potential to be developed as a therapy for osteoporosis.
Evaluation of umbilical cord immune cells in pregnancies with autoimmune disorders and/or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms
Authors: Sekkin Eser Miray , Ulutas Ugur Yesim , Tanacan Atakan , Gurbuz Hekimoglu Rumeysa , Cakar Ayse Nur , Beksac Mehmet Sinan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate umbilical cord immune cells in pregnancies with autoimmune disorders (AID) and/or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms.

Methods
Umbilical cords were obtained from seven AID women without MTHFR polymorphisms, eight with AID and MTHFR polymorphisms, nine with MTHFR polymorphisms, and eight with neither. Umbilical cords were assessed immunohistologcally by anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD14, anti-CD19, anti-CD21, and anti-CD56 antibodies in six umbilical cord zones: 1) arterial wall 2) periarterial zone 3) venous wall 4) perivenous zone 5) intervascular zone, and 6) subamniotic zone.

Results
AIDs and MTHFR polymorphisms had an effect on the number and composition of CD4+ cells in the venous wall. The presence of a MTHFR polymorphism may affect the number and morphology of CD4+ cells in the subamniotic zone. CD8+ cell distribution is substantially influenced by the presence of maternal risk factors. The co-existence of AID with MTHFR polymorphism has a prominent effect on the number and morphology of CD14+ cells, especially in the arterial wall. CD19+ cells were only observed in the control group in the venous wall, perivenous zone, and intervascular zone. CD21+ cells were only observed in the arterial wall of the control group and the intervascular zone of the AID group with different morphologic features. The number and morphology of CD56+ cells is prominently affected by the presence of maternal risk factors.

Conclusions
Umbilical cord stem cell and immune cell composition may be affected by the presence of risk factors like MTHFR polymorphisms and/or AID.