bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mixed effects of e‐participation on the dynamic of trust in government: Evidence from Cameroon
Authors: Xin Ge , Esembe Elna E. , Chen Jia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRegular participation of citizens in governance and policy processes has been considered critical to the functioning of the democratic model of governance. While recent studies have documented the emergence and evolution of participatory governance in Western countries, little is known about the influence of citizens’ participation on e‐governance in African countries. Leveraging an original survey conducted in Cameroon on citizens’ participation in and satisfaction with a Facebook‐based e‐participation initiative, this study explores how participation in the governance process through the Internet has affected African citizens’ trust in their local and national governments. The results first suggest a weak positive association between citizens’ e‐participation and their trust in governments. However, further decomposition of the positive association between satisfaction, performance, and trust shows that their relationships are critically enhanced by citizens’ participation in e‐governance, suggesting that the trust‐enchancing impact of e‐participation is likely to be dominated by indirect effects. The results also indicate that the moderating mechanism is likely to differ between citizens’ trust in the local and national governments, which sheds light on the understanding of the effects of e‐participation for both academics and practitioners.[Correction added on 14 February 2023, after first online publication: The section “Summary at a glance” should not have been included. It has been removed.]Points for practitioners
Novel participatory governance initiatives such as e‐Participation could enhance trust in the government, but such an effect is likely to be precipitated indirectly.
e‐Participation positively affects people’s trust in their government primarily by reinforcing the trust‐enhancing effect of satisfaction with the participatory program and perceived performance of the government.
The effect of e‐Participation on trust in government is also positively moderated by citizens' satisfaction with the participatory program and perceived performance of the government.
Emerson's ‘Self-Reliance’ and political self-education
Authors: Boman Léa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper studies how Emerson's ‘Self-Reliance’ offers a meaningful account of political and moral self-education in Western democracies. Emerson's moral perfectionism involves an ethical, political and democratic individualism that needs to be reconsidered. This paper explores a perfectionist interpretation of the modern forms of self-education as political and ordinary practices, first with the case of conspiracy theories, which express an individual desire for self-education but appear as the result of a lack of self-reliance and a failure of political self-education, and then through the explicit claim to self-education made by activists in ecological, anti-racial or feminist organisations, which embodies the democratic need for self-reliance. These two examples reveal a new kind of efficient and ordinary political power at the edge of civic commitment. This leads us to define an alternative conception of pedagogy, in which equality in self-reliance matters. This also underlines our moral and ordinary political responsibility and challenges the traditional philosophical opposition between personal and public, subjective and universal. This paper underlines the accuracy of Stanley Cavell's interpretation of Emerson's ‘Self-Reliance’ in order to provide a perfectionist interpretation of activism. It also opens a new crossed perspective between the French and American approaches.
‘A Summerhill in Scotland’? Experiences of freedom and community at Kilquhanity School (1940–1996)
Authors: Charkin Emily 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In 1940, John and Morag Aitkenhead set up Kilquhanity School in rural Galloway, inspired by the writings of A.S. Neill and the practices at Summerhill School. In 1962, Aitkenhead wrote that he had swallowed ‘hook, line and sinker’ Neill's theories and that ‘but for him and his example, there could never have been this free school in Scotland’. Historians and commentators have tended to share his view, for example, describing Aitkenhead as a ‘disciple’ of Neill and Kilquhanity as an ‘approximate’ of Summerhill with its weekly meeting, informality of relations between adults and children and a valuing of freedom and happiness over academic achievement.
However, this article, drawing on primary research with ex-pupils and staff, uncovers significant differences of philosophy and practice between the two schools, particularly in relation to pupils’ contribution to the Kilquhanity School community through the daily practice of ‘useful work’. These differences raise questions about the positioning of Kilquhanity as simply a less well-known and less radical ‘Summerhill in Scotland’ and expose an often neglected fault line within the progressive and radical movements with which both schools are associated.
Enhancement of fruit byproducts through bioconversion by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: Scieuzo Carmen , Franco Antonio , Salvia Rosanna , Triunfo Micaela , Addeo Nicola Francesco , Vozzo Simone , Piccolo Giovanni , Bovera Fulvia , Ritieni Alberto , Francia Antonio Di , Laginestra Ambrogio , Schmitt Eric , Falabella Patrizia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBioconversion is a biological process by which organic materials are converted into products with higher biological and commercial value. During its larval stage the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens is extremely voracious and can feed on a wide variety of organic materials. To study the impact of different fruit byproducts on the insect's growth, final larval biomass, substrate reduction, bioconversion parameters, and larval nutritional composition, 10 000 black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) were reared on 7.0 kg of one of three substrates (strawberry, tangerine, or orange) or on a standard diet as a control. The results highlight that BSFL can successfully feed and grow on each of these diets, though their development time, growth rate, and final biomass were differently impacted by the substrates, with strawberry being the most suitable. The lipid and protein contents of BSFL were similar among larvae fed on different substrates; however, major differences were detected in ash, micronutrient, fiber, fatty acid, and amino acid contents. Overall, the results indicate that fruit waste management through the BSFL bioconversion process represents a commercially promising resource for regional and national agrifood companies. Our study offers new perspectives for sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial development by which fruit byproducts or waste might be disposed of or unconventionally enhanced to create secondary products of high biological and economic value, including BSFL biomass as animal feed or, in perspective, as alternative protein source for human nutrition.
Legal geographies and ecological invisibility: The environmental myopia of evidence
Authors: Carr John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study shows how legal evidentiary rules intended to make trials fair also enable biodiversity loss, even in courts charged with environmental protection. The common law is premised on two types of rules. The first, substantive laws, set rules for how society should function—obstructing and punishing some behaviours while enabling and rewarding others. In contrast, procedural laws are intended to level the playing field when there is a dispute over substantive rules during litigation. This case study concerns a routine environmental dispute over land development in Sydney, Australia. It demonstrates how, by enabling courts to determine what evidence will and will not be considered, procedural rules and practices drive substantive outcomes by rendering certain places, dynamics, and connections visible and capable of judicial action while obscuring others. Specifically, the court’s efforts to use evidentiary tools to make litigation more efficient drove substantive outcomes in two ways. First, work to narrow evidence to address factual disputes also narrowed the court’s geographic scale of analysis to the property boundaries of the site, thus obscuring broader threats to a critically endangered ecological community. Second, these procedural evidentiary decisions drove substantive outcomes undermining biodiversity protection, while concealing their inherently substantive nature. Combined with the tendency of the court to use procedural informality to promote compromise between the parties, and a broader juridical treatment of intact ecological communities as species that can largely be moved at will, the evidentiary rules enabled an environmentally focused court to enable the victory of development over species protection.
Identification and quantification of fatty acids and lipid‐soluble phytochemicals using GC‐MS, HPLC‐MS, and FTIR and their association with quality parameters during avocado ripening
Authors: Cervantes‐Paz Braulio , Yahia Elhadi M. , Nuñez‐Vilchis Alejandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsumer demand for the avocado fruit has increased considerably, but accelerated fruit ripening, lack of fruit ripening uniformity, and lack of proper quality characteristics and indices generate considerable problems during fruit handling and trade. Physicochemical parameters are used to determine avocado fruit ripening. These parameters together with lipid‐soluble phytochemicals (LSP) and fatty acids (FAs) highlight the health and economic importance of this fruit. Analysis of LSP and FAs in avocado fruit has been reported, but combining the use of analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) to determine qualitative and quantitative changes during fruit ripening, and their association with physicochemical parameters, has not been conducted. Physicochemical parameters (fruit firmness, color, oil and dry matter contents) were determined, and the changes of FAs and LSP (carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols) during “Hass” avocado ripening, based on dry matter (DM) content, were analyzed using FTIR, GC‐MS, and HPLC‐MS. The association between them was also determined using principal component analysis. Fruit with 19% and 25% DM exhibited high LSP and FAs levels. Carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols were associated with firmness, color, and DM of 19% and 22%, while FAs were associated with fruit weight and DM of 25%.Practical ApplicationThere is a major global increase in avocado cultivation and consumer demand. However, a major problem facing the handling and trade of avocado fruit is related to lack of fruit ripening uniformity and quality characteristics and indices. Therefore, a proper association between simple measures of fruit physicochemical properties and bioactive components can establish an excellent, simple, and practical index that can eventually be used for quality evaluation by the industry and the consumers.
Robot‐assisted thymectomy in large anterior mediastinal tumors: A comparative study with video‐assisted thymectomy and open surgery
Authors: Jiang Bin , Tan Qun‐You , Deng Bo , Mei Long‐Yong , Lin Yi‐Dan , Zhu Long‐Fei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of robot‐assisted thymectomy (RAT) in large anterior mediastinal tumors (AMTs) (size ≥6 cm) compared with video‐assisted thymectomy (VAT) and open surgery.MethodsA total of 132 patients with large AMTs who underwent surgical resection from January 2016 to June 2022 were included in this study. A total of 61 patients underwent RAT, 36 patients underwent VAT and 35 patients underwent open surgery. Perioperative outcomes were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in tumor size (p = 0.141), or pathological types (p = 0.903). Compared with the open group, the RAT and VAT groups were associated with a shorter operation time (115.00 vs. 160.00, p = 0.012; 122.50 vs. 160.00, p = 0.071), and less blood loss (50.00 vs. 200.00, p < 0.001; 50.00 vs. 200.00, p < 0.001), respectively. The rate of conversion in the RAT group was similar to that in the VAT group (6.56% vs. 13.89%, p = 0.229). Concomitant resection was less frequently performed in the VAT group than in the RAT and open groups (5.56% vs. 31.15%, p = 0.040; 5.56% vs. 31.43%, p = 0.006). VAT patients had a lower drainage volume (365.00 vs. 700.00 and 910.00 mL, p < 0.001), shorter duration of chest tube (2.00 vs. 3.00 and 4.00, p < 0.001), and shorter hospital stay (5.00 vs. 6.00 and 7.00, p < 0.001) than the RAT and open groups. There was no 30‐day mortality in any group. No difference was seen in R0 resection rates (p = 0.846). The postoperative complication rates were similar among the three groups (p = 0.309). Total in‐hospital costs (66493.90 vs. 33581.05 and 42876.40, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the RAT group.ConclusionsRAT is safe and effective for the resection of large AMTs compared to VAT and open surgery. Vascular resection in RAT is technically feasible. A long‐term follow‐up is required.
Narcotics Anonymous members in recovery from methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Galanter Marc , White William L. , Hunter Brooke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMethamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a major public health problem, but there are no evidence‐based, best‐practice, pharmacologic, or behavioral treatments for it. Narcotics Anonymous (NA) may provide an option for referral for such patients.MethodsTwo waves of surveys were sent to a sample of NA members to evaluate demographic, drug use, and NA‐related issues. Of 4445 responses received from US residents, 647 listed themselves as abstinent from their worst drug problem, methamphetamine. Twelve possible sources of support were scored by these latter respondents for how important each was for their own recovery.ResultsMethamphetamine respondents were longstanding NA members, with their first NA meeting 30.2 years ago, 84.3% having served as sponsors for other members, and with little current craving (0.65 out of 10). Although now abstinent for an average of 13.4 years, at some point over the course of the membership, 47.4% had experienced a relapse, for an average of 16.7 months. In a factor analysis of resources scored, 29.6% of the variance fell under NA social and 29.2% spiritual; and 11.8% under outside professional support.Discussion and ConclusionsNA served as a resource for supporting abstinence for some members with MUD. They scored social resources of NA support higher than both spiritual and outside institutional ones.Scientific SignificanceNA can serve as a community‐based resource for MUD. Determining the nature of recovery that members with MUD have in NA can be useful for further research of socially grounded support for recovery in substance use disorders.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated disruption of lipocalins, Ly6g5b, and Ly6g5c causes male subfertility in mice
Authors: Sakurai Nobuyuki , Fujihara Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpermatozoa become mature and competent for fertilization during transit from the caput epididymis to the cauda epididymis. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of epididymal sperm maturation are still unclear. Here, we focused on multiple epididymis‐enriched genes: lipocalin family genes (Lcn5, Lcn6, Lcn8, Lcn9, and Lcn10) and Ly6 family genes (Ly6g5b and Ly6g5c). These genes are evolutionarily conserved in mammals and form clusters on chromosomes 2 and 17 in the mouse, respectively.ObjectiveTo clarify whether these genes are required for epididymal sperm maturation and acquisition of fertilizing ability, we generated knockout (KO) mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed their phenotype.Materials and methodsWe generated four lines of KO mice: Lcn9 single KO, the lipocalin family quadruple KO (Lcn5, Lcn6, Lcn8, and Lcn10), quintuple KO (Lcn5, Lcn6, Lcn8, Lcn10, and Lcn9), and double KO of Ly6 family genes (Ly6g5b and Ly6g5c).ResultsAlthough the Lcn9 single KO did not affect male fertility, the quadruple KO and quintuple KO male mice were subfertile and mostly infertile, respectively, with a reduced amount of ADAM3, an essential protein for sperm binding to the zona pellucida. Further analysis revealed that the quintuple KO spermatozoa lack the CMTM2A/B that are required for ADAM3 maturation. Intriguingly, Ly6g5b and Ly6g5c double KO male mice also showed subfertility with reduced sperm ADAM3.ConclusionThese results suggest epididymal secretory proteins are involved in ADAM3 maturation and acquisition of sperm fertilizing ability.
Uncertain Fictional Objects
Authors: Fan Christopher T. 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARY
The trope of formal rupture in the films of sixth‐generation Chinese filmmaker Jia Zhangke is a key site where ethnography and fictionality merge. Situated in Jia’s documentary‐like aesthetic and oriented to a non‐Chinese global art cinema audience, “uncertain fictional objects” are tasked with a great deal of mediating labor. They ultimately tell us not only about Jia’s rural and upwardly mobile characters but also the cognitive leaps they and Jia’s global audience must undergo to function within a landscape of unimaginably rapid industrialization and a world in which China is undermining Western hegemony. Uncertain fictional objects—figured as literal unidentified flying objects, animated intercut scenes, and non‐diegetic voices from elsewhere—pose a frontal challenge to an abiding orientalist gaze and the very possibility of the ordinary in capitalism. Stripped of the familiar and compelled by the inexorable current of industrial economic policy, the totality and mode of cognition left to Jia and his characters are what I term “science fictionality,” as opposed to simply “science fiction.”
Radical Householding towards a Post‐Capitalist World in Kin Stanley Robinson’s New York 2140 and Lionel Shriver’s The Mandibles: A Family, 2029‐2047
Authors: Khan Naveeda 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYKim Stanley Robinson’s New York 2140 engages in speculative economics to explore how the household as both a site of provisioning and living together and a material asset may get us to a post‐capitalist world in which capitalism is harnessed not to short‐term profits but with upholding justice and sustainability. In this article, I explore how the novel proposes to bring about a refocusing of priorities within capitalism. Lionel Shriver’s The Mandibles: A Family, 2029‐2047, written at the same time as Robinson’s novel, helps us to reverse the order of the question from “How is a post‐capitalist society to be inaugurated?” to if such a societal arrangement were to be thrust on us, “How would we change our interiorities and modes of organizing to befit it?” While the first question considers capitalism as a potentially knowable and re‐directable system, the second makes humans, who are products of this system, an unknown quantity because they are opaque to themselves. The search to get a perspective on one’s opacity to oneself is as important as ushering in a new economic system as the very means to post‐capitalism.
Afterword: Anthropology and Science Fiction
Authors: Dayal Smaran 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYAnthropology and science fiction are interlinked traditions of knowledge production and overlap in several different ways, not least by the fact that each of these practices was shaped by the colonial encounter. This afterword to the special section “The Ordinariness of Cross‐Time Relations: Anthropology, Literature, and the Science Fictional” addresses those linkages and suggests that anthropology as a discipline stands to gain from an engagement with speculative and science fiction, for instance, through a questioning of ethnographic realism. [science fiction, speculative fiction, social theory, colonialism, ethnographic realism]
Afterword: Uniquely Ordinary
Authors: Rosenbaum Molly 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYIn this afterword, I compare the different ways the ordinary is invoked in the articles of the special section “The Ordinariness of Cross‐Time Relations: Anthropology, Literature, and the Science Fictional” and compare it to my own research experience in Havana, Cuba with writers of speculative fiction. I argue that the ordinary is something relative to the author's experience, as Alejo Carpentier describes in his writing on “lo real maravilloso,” and should be considered as having a utility in the communication process between creator and intended or ideal audience. This enables the information conveyed through the trope of the ordinary to be both far‐reaching and highly specific, depending on the author's intention. [writers, science fiction, quotidian, lo real maravilloso].
Performance of the decarboxylation index to predict CO2 removal and minute ventilation reduction under extracorporeal respiratory support
Authors: Laumon Thomas , Courvalin Elie , Dagod Geoffrey , Deras Pauline , Girard Mehdi , Martinez Orianne , Maury Camille , Weber Hugues , Capdevila Xavier , Charbit Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the interdependence of extracorporeal blood flow (Qec) and gas flow (GF) in predicting CO2 removal and reduction of minute mechanical ventilation under extracorporeal respiratory support.MethodsAll patients who benefited from V‐V ECMO and high‐flow ECCO2R in our intensive care unit over a period of 18 months were included. CO2 removal was calculated from inlet/outlet blood port gases during the first 7 days of oxygenator use. The relationship between the Qec × GF product (named decarboxylation index and expressed in L2/min2) and CO2 removal or expired minute mechanical ventilation reduction (ECMV ratio) was studied using linear regression models.ResultsEighteen patients were analyzed, corresponding to 24 oxygenators and 261 datasets. CO2 removal was 393 ml/min (IQR, 310–526) for 1.8 m2 oxygenators and 179 ml/min (IQR, 165–235) for 1.3 m2 oxygenators. The decarboxylation index was associated linearly with CO2 removal (R2 = 0.62 and R2 = 0.77 for the two oxygenators, respectively) and ECMV ratio (R2 = 0.72 and R2 = 0.62, respectively). The 20L2/min2 value (considering Qec = 2 L/min and GF = 10 L/min) was associated with an ECMV ratio between 61% and 29% for 1.8 m2 oxygenators, and between 62% and 38% for 1.3 m2 oxygenators.ConclusionThe decarboxylation index is a simple parameter to predict CO2 removal and ECMV ratio under extracorporeal respiratory support.