bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of maternal age at marriage and pregnancy with infant undernutrition: Evidence from first‐time mothers in rural lowland Nepal
Authors: Wells Jonathan C. K. , Marphatia Akanksha A. , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Manandhar Dharma S. , Reid Alice M. , Saville Naomi M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesMaternal factors shape the risk of infant undernutrition, however the contributions of age at marriage versus age at pregnancy are rarely disentangled. We explore these issues in a population from lowland rural Nepal, where median ages at marriage and first pregnancy are 15 and 17 years respectively and marriage almost always precedes pregnancy.MethodsWe analyzed data on first‐time mothers (n = 3002) from a cluster‐randomized trial (2012–2015). Exposures were ages at marriage and pregnancy, categorized into groups. Outcomes were z‐scores for weight (WAZ), length (LAZ), head circumference (HCAZ), and weight‐for‐length (WLZ), and prevalence of wasting and stunting, for neonates (<8 days) and infants (6–12 months). Mixed linear and logistic regression models tested associations of marriage and pregnancy ages with outcomes, adjusting for parental education, household assets, caste, landholding, seasonality, child sex, intervention arm, randomization strata and cluster.ResultsFor neonates, pregnancy <18 years predicted lower LAZ, and <19 years predicted lower WAZ and HCAZ. Results were largely null for marriage age, however early pregnancy and marriage at 10–13 years independently predicted neonatal stunting. For infants, earlier pregnancy was associated with lower LAZ and HCAZ, with a trend to lower WAZ for marriage 10–13 years. Early pregnancy, but not early marriage, predicted infant stunting.ConclusionsEarly marriage and pregnancy were associated with poorer growth, mainly in terms of LAZ and HCAZ. Associations were stronger for neonatal than infant outcomes, suggesting pregnancy is more susceptible to these stresses. Early marriage and pregnancy may index different social and biological factors predicting child undernutrition.
Effects of food material properties and embedded status on food processing efficiency in bearded capuchins
Authors: Chalk‐Wilayto Janine , Fogaça Mariana Dutra , Wright Barth W. , van Casteren Adam , Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Izar Patricia , Visalberghi Elisabetta , Strait David S. , Ross Callum F. , Wright Kristin A. , Laird Myra F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesCapuchin monkeys (Cebusspp. andSapajusspp.) routinely extract food resources that are embedded in protective matrices. Features such as relative brain size, manual dexterity, and—in the case ofSapajusspp.—a robust feeding system are considered adaptations for accessing embedded foods. Compared with adults, juvenile capuchins exhibit reduced food processing efficiency when processing embedded foods. Although this reduced efficiency has been attributed to inexperience or lack of strength when processing embedded foods, little is known about how food material properties (FMPs) relate to age‐related changes in feeding efficiency.Materials and methodsWe used data collected from three groups ofSapajus libidinosusto test relationships between feeding efficiency and FMP variation when processing embedded and nonembedded foods. Feeding efficiency was defined in three ways: (i) duration, (ii) frequency, and (iii) variation in sequence of food processing behaviors.ResultsWe found limited support for an effect of FMPs and age on feeding sequence durations or on processing behavior frequency. Number of unique behavioral patterns was negatively correlated with age. Embedded foods elicited longer durations, higher behavioral frequencies and more unique behaviors compared to nonembedded foods.DiscussionResults indicate FMP variation impedes some measures of juvenile food processing efficiency. Foods with high stress‐limited indices reduced some measures of processing efficiency in juveniles. These data are consistent with prior studies of juvenile capuchin feeding competency when exploiting embedded foods and suggest skill development may be a relatively more important constraint for overall juvenile feeding efficiency than body size or strength.
Increasing Brain Gamma Activity Improves Episodic Memory and Restores Cholinergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Benussi Alberto , Cantoni Valentina , Grassi Mario , Brechet Lucie , Michel Christoph M. , Datta Abhishek , Thomas Chris , Gazzina Stefano , Cotelli Maria Sofia , Bianchi Marta , Premi Enrico , Gadola Yasmine , Cotelli Maria , Pengo Marta , Perrone Federica , Scolaro Maria , Archetti Silvana , Solje Eino , Padovani Alessandro , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Borroni Barbara 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether non‐invasive brain stimulation with transcranial alternating current stimulation at gamma‐frequency (γ‐tACS) applied over the precuneus can improve episodic memory and modulate cholinergic transmission by modulating cerebral rhythms in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, sham controlled, crossover study, 60 AD patients underwent a clinical and neurophysiological evaluation including assessment of episodic memory and cholinergic transmission pre and post 60 minutes treatment with γ‐tACS targeting the precuneus or sham tACS. In a subset of 10 patients, EEG analysis and individualized modelling of electric field distribution were carried out. Predictors to γ‐tACS efficacy were evaluated.ResultsWe observed a significant improvement in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning (RAVL) test immediate recall (p < 0.001) and delayed recall scores (p < 0.001) after γ‐tACS but not after sham tACS. Face‐name associations scores improved with γ‐tACS (p < 0.001) but not after sham tACS. Short latency afferent inhibition, an indirect measure of cholinergic transmission, increased only after γ‐tACS (p < 0.001).ApoEgenotype and baseline cognitive impairment were the best predictors of response to γ‐tACS. Clinical improvement correlated with the increase in gamma frequencies in posterior regions and with the amount of predicted electric field distribution in the precuneus.InterpretationPrecuneus γ‐tACS, able to increase γ‐power activity on the posterior brain regions, showed a significant improvement of episodic memory performances, along with restoration of intracortical excitability measures of cholinergic transmission. Response to γ‐tACS was dependent on genetic factors and disease stage. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:322–334
Supramolecular assembly of an Au(III) complex of 2‐(3‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyridine: Structure, biological studies and charge transportation
Authors: Shit Manik , Dey Arka , Das Mahapatra Ananya , Dutta Basudeb , Naskar Kaushik , Ray Partha Pratim , Sinha Chittaranjan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn Au(III) complex, [Au(2‐ptp)2]Cl (1) (2‐ptp = 2‐(3‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyridine), has been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique and other spectroscopic data. Presence of different noncovalent interactions leads to the formation of 3D supramolecular structure. The complex 1 exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive (MIC) (Staphylococcus aureus [240 μg/ml], Bacillus subtilis [645 μg/ml]) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli [270 μg/ml], Enterococcus faecalis [820 μg/ml], Klebsiella pneumonia [785 μg/ml]) bacteria. Also, the toxicity of 1 has been checked by MTT assay. The complex shows promising anticancer activity against Vero cells and the CC50 is 405 μg/ml. The complex also shows improved conductivity (Λ) by one order difference on illumination (Λdark, 7.42 × 10−5 Sm−1 and Λillumination, 2.45 × 10−4 Sm−1).
Manufactures of bio‐degradable and bio‐based polymers for bio‐materials in the pharmaceutical field
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Ullah Asmat , Ali Amjad , Shabeer Muhammad , Shah Muhammad Naeem , Haq Fazal , Iqbal Mudassir , Ullah Roh , Khan Farman Ullah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, bio‐based polymers have emerged as an alternative to petroleum‐based polymers in various industries. The bio‐based materials are made from raw materials originating from natural sources, such as starch, cellulose, chitin, or bio‐degradable synthetic polymers (i.e., polycaprolactone and polylactic acid). In spite of several desirable properties of biodegradable polymers, for example, fully renewable, non‐toxic. Some properties like melt and impact strength, thermal stability, permeability, and so forth, still do not meet the demands for end‐use applications. One way to improve the properties of biopolymers and greatly enhance their commercial potential is to incorporate nanosized reinforcement in the polymer. The access of nano‐carriers to smart polymeric and bio‐materials are limited by polymerization methods. Bio‐polymers are considered an alternative to petroleum‐based fibers. These are directly produced by organisms. Smart nanoparticles are used in different medicines and their applications are size‐dependent. Among the different techniques used for sensitivity, selectivity, and interactions among the nanoparticles. More so, different approaches were found for polymerization. Methodologies such as the preparation of nano‐gels, bio‐degradable, and bio‐polymers manufacturing in the pharmaceutical field are discussed in detail. Their applications, properties in gene delivery, smart imaging, and multivalency approach are also highlighted.
Preparation of hydrophobic and high‐strengthpolymer microspheres based on constructing a “Functionalmonomer‐St‐DVB” copolymer structure:Ultra‐low‐densityproppants
Authors: Yin Jinrong , Gong Yunlei , Zheng Huaan , Yuan Hui , Zeng Zhen , Qin Wei , Li Chenghao , Zhou Yang , Ren Xianyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltra‐low‐density proppants are of great significant in slick water fracturing system, but the polymer composite microspheres can hardly promise the quality of oil and gas due to their poor hydrophobicity. To address the issue, we prepared several types of modified styrene‐divinyl benzene copolymer microspheres (MSDBs) with long‐term durable hydrophobicity and high strength, including O‐MSDBs (hydrophobic MSDBs), LO‐MSDBs (long‐time hydrophobic MSDBs), and CO‐MSDBs (coated O‐MSDBs) on the basis of a molecular structure of “KH570‐styrene (St)‐divinyl benzene (DVB)” copolymer. In this article, the design concept and the structure of MSDBs was clarified, and performances of MSDBs are systematically discussed and compared with commercially available hydrophobic microspheres. The O‐MSDBs, a kind of nanoparticle patterned St‐DVB copolymer microspheres, were prepared by a one‐step suspension polymerization undergoing a sol–gel process, showing strong hydrophobicity with a water contact angle up to 140.7°, but short durability in strong hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid; On the contrary, LO‐MSDBs perform better in the stability and durability of hydrophobicity with a slightly lower water contact angle about 135.9°. The LO‐MSDBs were designed by coating functionalized St‐DVB copolymer microspheres with fluororesin. Similarly, CO‐MSDBs from fluororesin‐coated O‐MSDBs were designed. As expected, CO‐MSDBs have a stronger hydrophobicity (139.0°) than LO‐MSDBs and longer durability than O‐MSDBs. Moreover, the MSDBs exhibit better properties than the commercially available hydrophobic polymer and ceramic microspheres.
Increased context adjustment is associated with auditory sensitivities but not with autistic traits
Authors: Randeniya Roshini , Mattingley Jason B. , Garrido Marta I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBayesian models of autism suggest that alterations in context‐sensitive prediction error weighting may underpin sensory perceptual alterations, such as hypersensitivities. We used an auditory oddball paradigm with pure tones arising from high or low uncertainty contexts to determine whether autistic individuals display differences in context adjustment relative to neurotypicals. We did not find group differences in early prediction error responses indexed by mismatch negativity. A dimensional approach revealed a positive correlation between context‐dependent prediction errors and subjective reports of auditory sensitivities, but not with autistic traits. These findings suggest that autism studies may benefit from accounting for sensory sensitivities in group comparisons.Lay SummaryWe aimed to understand if autistic and non‐autistic groups showed differences in their electrical brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) when listening to surprising tones infrequently embedded in a statistical pattern. We found no differences between the autistic and the non‐autistic group in their EEG response to the surprising sound even if the pattern switched, indicating their ability to learn a pattern. We did find that, as subjective sensory sensitivities (but not autistic traits) increased, there were increasingly large differences between the EEG responses to surprising tones that were embedded in the different statistical patterns of tones. These findings show that perceptual alterations may be a function of sensory sensitivities, but not necessarily autistic traits. We suggest that future EEG studies in autism may benefit from accounting for sensory sensitivities.
Pencil Powered Faradaic Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy and Wide Temperature Operation
Authors: Divya Madhusoodhanan Lathika , Lee Yun‐Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are considered next‐generation energy storage devices that combine the goodness of both Li‐ion batteries and electric double‐layer capacitors. In this work, LIC is assembled with electrochemically pre‐lithiated (LiC6) pencil graphite (PG, 1B&4H grades) as anode and activated carbon (AC) as the cathode. PG grades, naturally available graphite silica composite materials, are characterized, and the electrochemical performance is studied in half‐cell assembly for 14 grades. PG grades in the middle of the hardness scale demonstrated better electrochemical activity than the end compositions, representing the involvement of graphite and silica‘s role in overall performance. However, it is observed that SiO2/clay component in PG material is to provide only mechanical support to the system considering the inactiveness of SiO2 towards Li storage. The assembled LICs (AC/PG 1B LIC) & (AC/PG 4B LIC) delivered maximum energy density of ∼172 & ∼162 Wh kg−1, respectively, with long‐term stability under balanced mass loading conditions. Besides ambient temperature, the LICs exhibited stable performance at low (−5 and 10 °C) and high‐temperature (50 °C) conditions. The outstanding electrochemical performance of PG material in LIC assembly indicates the choice of pencil‘s aptness in energy storage devices.
MiR‐223‐3p alleviates trigeminal neuropathic pain in the male mouse by targeting MKNK2 and MAPK/ERK signaling
Authors: Huang Bixia , Guo Shaoyong , Zhang Yipan , Lin Pengxing , Lin Changgui , Chen Meixia , Zhu Shengyin , Huang Liyu , He Junwei , Zhang Lingfeng , Zheng Yanping , Wen Zhipeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neuropathic pain that occurs in branches of the trigeminal nerve. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered key mediators of neuropathic pain. This study was aimed to elucidate the pathophysiological function and mechanisms of miR‐223‐3p in mouse models of TN.MethodsInfraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI‐ION) was applied in male C57BL/6J mice to establish mouse models of TN. Pain responses were assessed utilizing Von Frey method. The expression of miR‐223‐3p, MKNK2, and MAPK/ERK pathway protein in trigeminal ganglions (TGs) of CCI‐ION mice was measured using RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using Western blotting. The relationship between miR‐223‐3p and MKNK2 was tested by a luciferase reporter assay.ResultsWe found that miR‐223‐3p was downregulated, while MKNK2 was upregulated in TGs of CCI‐ION mice. MiR‐223‐3p overexpression by an intracerebroventricular injection of Lv‐miR‐223‐3p attenuated trigeminal neuropathic pain in CCI‐ION mice, as well as reduced the protein levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in TGs of CCI‐ION mice. MKNK2 was verified to be targeted by miR‐223‐3p. Additionally, miR‐223‐3p overexpression decreased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 protein in TGs of CCI‐ION mice to inhibit MAPK/ERK signaling.ConclusionsOverall, miR‐223‐3p attenuates the development of TN by targeting MKNK2 to suppress MAPK/ERK signaling.
Long noncoding RNA GK‐IT1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating MAPK1 phosphorylation
Authors: Yang Xin , Zeng Tianyang , Liu Ziyang , He Wanlun , Hu Mengting , Tang Ti , Chen Li , Xing Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the oncogenesis and metastasis of multiple human cancers. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic role of lncRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be clarified.MethodsThe expression of GK intronic transcript 1 (GK‐IT1) was analyzed using ESCC RNA‐seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to measure the expression of GK‐IT1 in ESCC clinical samples and cells. The correlation between GK‐IT1 expression and clinicopathological variables was examined using chi‐squared tests. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were employed to generate the survival curve and assess the prognostic value of GK‐IT1. Functional experiments were utilized to explore the role of GK‐IT1 in promoting cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and suppressing apoptosis and autophagy in ESCC. To understand the mechanism, an RNA pulldown assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, agarose gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence, and co‐immunoprecipitation assays were used.ResultsIn this study we identified an unreported lncRNA, termed GK‐IT1 that was aberrantly overexpressed in ESCC tissues and cells. GK‐IT1 was closely associated with advanced clinical stage, and it was an independent prognostic indicator of ESCC. Functional assays verified that GK‐IT1 significantly promoted ESCC proliferation, invasion, and migration, and suppressed ESCC apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice indicated that GK‐IT1 promoted ESCC tumor growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, GK‐IT1 competitively bound to mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) to prevent the interaction between dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) and MAPK1, thereby controlling the phosphorylation of MAPK1 and promoting ESCC progression.ConclusionOur study revealed that GK‐IT1 competed with DUSP6 to attenuate the interaction between DUSP6 and MAPK1, leading to activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway, thereby promoting progression of ESCC. Our research indicated that GK‐IT1 served as a novel potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
Identification of unique transcriptomic signatures and key genes through RNA sequencing and integrated WGCNA and PPI network analysis in HIV infected lung cancer
Authors: Wu Liwei , Chen Yongfang , Wan Laiyi , Wen Zilu , Liu Rong , Li Leilei , Song Yanzheng , Wang Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), the survival time of AIDS patients has been greatly extended. However, the incidence of lung cancer in HIV‐infected patients is increasing and has become a major problem threatening the survival of AIDS patients. The aim of this study is to use Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene analysis to find possible key genes involved in HIV‐infected lung cancer. In this study, using lung tissue samples from five pairs of HIV‐infected lung cancer patients, second‐generation sequencing was performed and transcriptomic data were obtained. A total of 132 HIV‐infected lung cancer‐related genes were screened out by WGCNA and differential gene expression analysis methods. Based on gene annotation analysis, these genes were mainly enriched in mitosis‐related functions and pathways. In addition, in protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, a total of 39 hub genes were identified. Among them, five genes (ASPM, CDCA8, CENPF, CEP55, and PLK1) were present in both three hub gene lists (intersection gene, DEGs, and WCGNA module) suggesting that these five genes may become key genes involved in HIV‐infected lung cancer.
Applicability of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Oil and Gas Processing Fields for CO2 Control
Authors: Haq Ihtisham Ul , Lal Bhajan , Zaini Dzulkarnain B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2 emissions, have grown substantially, posing environmental challenges that affect mankind and ecosystems. As a possible consequence, carbon capture and storage is a viable solution to this worldwide problem. However, some aqueous solvents have been applied to capture greenhouse gases, though they are not environmentally benign. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerged as a unique choice according to research into greener solvents for this activity. The applications of DESs and the gas solubility of various DESs with emphasis on CO2 solubility in the oil and gas field are evaluated. This innovative solvent is also described in terms of its preparation and chemical composition. Detailed literature on investigation of CO2 solubility in DESs based on experimental data is included.
Waste Office Paper Derived Cellulose‐Based Carbon Host in Freestanding Cathodes for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yan Yinglin , Yang Yuanyuan , Fan Chaojiang , Zou Yiming , Deng Qijiu , Liu Haidong , Brandell Daniel , Yang Rong , Xu Yunhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to large sulfur (S) content and simple manufacturing techniques, free‐standing cathodes for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are gaining a lot of attention recently. Waste office paper, which is consumed in large quantities annually, was used to make a free‐standing paper‐based carbon (FPC) substrate, which inherited fiber‐like morphology. In addition, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets modified FPC (rGO@FPC) host was also prepared by a vacuum filtration method. After S impregnation, the FPC/S and rGO@FPC/S free‐standing cathodes were employed in Li−S batteries. The rGO@FPC/S free‐standing cathode exhibited extremely competitive electrochemical performance, including a reversible discharge capacity of 315 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 500 cycles. This is due to the uniform S distribution, which boosts the utilization ratio, and the significant blocking action for polysulfide ions, which prevents the redox shuttle effect.
Enhanced Cycling Performance of Fe‐doped LiMn2O4 Truncated Octahedral Cathodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Seong‐Nam , Park Deok‐Hye , Kim Ji‐Hwan , Moon Sang‐Hyun , Jang Jae‐Sung , Kim Sung‐Beom , Shin Jae‐Hoon , Park Yu‐Yeon , Park Kyung‐Won 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiMn2O4 (LMO) with a spinel crystal structure is a promising cathode for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), owing to its low cost and high operating voltage of ∼4.4 V. However, due to the Jahn‐Teller distortion effect, LMO typically exhibits deteriorated cycling performance, owing to the dissolution of Mn into a liquid electrolyte. In this study, Fe‐doped truncated octahedral LMO cathodes with different concentrations were synthesized to improve LMO stability in LIBs. The Fe‐doped truncated octahedral LMO was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Li+ ion diffusion coefficients of the cathodes were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. Compared to the truncated octahedral undoped LMO, the Fe‐doped LMO cathode with an appropriate amount of dopant exhibited the best LIB performance, with the highest Li+ ion diffusivity resulting from the increased oxygen vacancy as the path of Li+ ion.