bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence to support the mechanical advantage hypothesis of grasping at low force levels
Authors: Rajakumar Banuvathy , Varadhan S. K. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGrasping an object is one of the several tasks performed by human hands. Object stabilization while grasping is a fundamental aspect to consider for the safety of grasped objects. Fingertip forces re-distribute to establish equilibrium when systematic variations are introduced to objects held in hand. During torque variations to the grasped handle, the central nervous system prefers to support the mechanical advantage hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, during torque production tasks, fingers with longer moment arm for normal force produce greater normal force than the fingers with shorter moment arm. The current study was performed to examine and confirm the factor that causes the central nervous system to employ this strategy. In addition to minimising the thumb’s contribution to hold the handle, thumb normal force was restricted to a minimal level. Such a restriction made the task even more challenging. Therefore, it was confirmed that the challenging task induces the central nervous system to employ the mechanical advantage principle.
Integrating age, BMI, and serum N-glycans detected by MALDI mass spectrometry to classify suspicious mammogram findings as benign lesions or breast cancer
Authors: Blaschke Calvin R. K. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Laronga Christine , Drake Richard R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile mammograms are the standard tool for breast cancer screening, there remains challenges for mammography to effectively distinguish benign lesions from breast cancers, leading to many unnecessary biopsy procedures. A blood-based biomarker could provide a minimally invasive supplemental assay to increase the specificity of breast cancer screening. Serum N-glycosylation alterations have associations with many cancers and several of the clinical characteristics of breast cancer. The current study utilized a high-throughput mass spectrometry workflow to identify serum N-glycans with differences in intensities between patients that had a benign lesion from patients with breast cancer. The overall N-glycan profiles of the two patient groups had no differences, but there were several individual N-glycans with significant differences in intensities between patients with benign lesions and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Many N-glycans had strong associations with age and/or body mass index, but there were several of these associations that differed between the patients with benign lesions and breast cancer. Accordingly, the samples were stratified by the patient’s age and body mass index, and N-glycans with significant differences between these subsets were identified. For women aged 50–74 with a body mass index of 18.5–24.9, a model including the intensities of two N-glycans, 1850.666 m/z and 2163.743 m/z, age, and BMI were able to clearly distinguish the breast cancer patients from the patients with benign lesions with an AUROC of 0.899 and an optimal cutoff with 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity. This study indicates that serum N-glycan profiling is a promising approach for providing clarity for breast cancer screening, especially within the subset of healthy weight women in the age group recommended for mammograms.
Immune response and protective efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine S-268019-b in mice
Authors: Homma Tomoyuki , Nagata Noriyo , Hashimoto Masayuki , Iwata-Yoshikawa Naoko , Seki Naomi M. , Shiwa-Sudo Nozomi , Ainai Akira , Dohi Keiji , Nikaido Eiji , Mukai Akiko , Ukai Yuuta , Nakagawa Takayuki , Shimo Yusuke , Maeda Hiroki , Shirai Seiki , Aoki Miwa , Sonoyama Takuhiro , Sato Mamoru , Fumoto Masataka , Nagira Morio , Nakata Fumihisa , Hashiguchi Takao , Suzuki Tadaki , Omoto Shinya , Hasegawa Hideki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVaccines that efficiently target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), are the best means for controlling viral spread. This study evaluated the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine S-268019-b, which comprises the recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S-910823 (antigen) and A-910823 (adjuvant). In addition to eliciting both Th1-type and Th2-type cellular immune responses, two doses of S-910823 plus A-910823 induced anti-spike protein IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. In a SARS-CoV-2 challenge test, S-910823 plus A-910823 mitigated SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced weight loss and death and inhibited viral replication in mouse lungs. S-910823 plus A-910823 promoted cytokine and chemokine at the injection site and immune cell accumulation in the draining lymph nodes. This led to the formation of germinal centers and the induction of memory B cells, antibody-secreting cells, and memory T cells. These findings provide fundamental property of S-268019-b, especially importance of A-910823 to elicit humoral and cellular immune responses.
Taxonomic assessment of two wild house mouse subspecies using whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Lawal Raman Akinyanju , Mathis Verity L. , Barter Mary E. , Charette Jeremy R. , Garretson Alexis , Dumont Beth L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe house mouse species complex (Mus musculus) is comprised of three primary subspecies. A large number of secondary subspecies have also been suggested on the basis of divergent morphology and molecular variation at limited numbers of markers. While the phylogenetic relationships among the primary M. musculus subspecies are well-defined, relationships among secondary subspecies and between secondary and primary subspecies remain less clear. Here, we integrate de novo genome sequencing of museum-stored specimens of house mice from one secondary subspecies (M. m. bactrianus) and publicly available genome sequences of house mice previously characterized as M. m. helgolandicus, with whole genome sequences from diverse representatives of the three primary house mouse subspecies. We show that mice assigned to the secondary M. m. bactrianus and M. m. helgolandicus subspecies are not genetically differentiated from M. m. castaneus and M. m. domesticus, respectively. Overall, our work suggests that the M. m. bactrianus and M. m. helgolandicus subspecies are not well-justified taxonomic entities, emphasizing the importance of leveraging whole-genome sequence data to inform subspecies designations. Additionally, our investigation provides tailored experimental procedures for generating whole genome sequences from air-dried mouse skins, along with key genomic resources to inform future genomic studies of wild mouse diversity.
Pan-cancer analysis based on epigenetic modification explains the value of HJURP in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Junwu , Zheng Jun , Zhang Ronggui , Zhang Weili , Zhang Junyong , Zhang Yuanfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo analyze the expression levels, prognostic value and immune infiltration association of Holliday junction protein (HJURP) as well as its feasibility as a pan-cancer biomarker for different cancers. The Protter online tool was utilized to obtain the localization of HJURP, then the methylation of HJURP in tumors were further explored. Thereafter, the mRNA data and clinical characteristics of 33 tumor types from TCGA database were obtained to investigate the expression and prognostic relationship of HJURP in different tumor types. Finally, the composition pattern and immune infiltration of HJURP in different tumors were detected in Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. HJURP was abnormally expressed in most of the cancer types and subtypes in TCGA database. Also, it was associated with poor prognosis of different cohorts. At the same time, the results also showed that HJURP was related to tumor immune evasion through different mechanisms, including T cell rejection and methylation in different cancer types. Besides, the methylation of HJURP was inversely proportional to mRNA expression levels, which mediated the dysfunctional phenotypes of T cells and poor prognosis of different cancer types. Alternatively, our results indicated that HJURP expression was associated with immune cell infiltration in a variety of cancers. HJURP may serve as an oncogenic molecule, and its expression and immune infiltration characteristics can be used as a biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis, treatment design and follow-up.
Phase behavior of π-conjugated polymer and non-fullerene acceptor (PTB7-Th:ITIC) solutions and blends
Authors: Kim Jung Yong , Jarka Pawel , Hajduk Barbara , Bednarski Henryk , Szeluga Urszula , Tański Tomasz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhase diagrams of ternary π-bonded polymer (PTB7-Th) solutions were constructed as a function of molecular weight, temperature, and electron acceptor species (ITIC, PC61BM and PC71BM). For this purpose, the Flory–Huggins lattice theory was employed with a constant χ interaction parameter, describing a binodal, spinodal, tie line, and critical point. Then, the morphologies of the blends composed of highly disordered PTB7-Th and crystallizable ITIC were investigated by atomic force microscopy. Subsequently, the surface polarities of the PTB7-Th:ITIC thin films were examined by water contact-angle goniometer, exhibiting a transition at the composition of ~ 60 ± 10 wt.% ITIC. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of ITIC’s crystallites at ≥ 70 wt.% ITIC. Hence, the PTB7-Th:ITIC system was observed to undergo a phase transition at ~ 60–70 wt.% ITIC.
Longitudinal cardio-respiratory fitness prediction through wearables in free-living environments
Authors: Spathis Dimitris , Perez-Pozuelo Ignacio , Gonzales Tomas I. , Wu Yu , Brage Soren , Wareham Nicholas , Mascolo Cecilia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCardiorespiratory fitness is an established predictor of metabolic disease and mortality. Fitness is directly measured as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), or indirectly assessed using heart rate responses to standard exercise tests. However, such testing is costly and burdensome because it requires specialized equipment such as treadmills and oxygen masks, limiting its utility. Modern wearables capture dynamic real-world data which could improve fitness prediction. In this work, we design algorithms and models that convert raw wearable sensor data into cardiorespiratory fitness estimates. We validate these estimates’ ability to capture fitness profiles in free-living conditions using the Fenland Study (N=11,059), along with its longitudinal cohort (N = 2675), and a third external cohort using the UK Biobank Validation Study (N = 181) who underwent maximal VO2maxtesting, the gold standard measurement of fitness. Our results show that the combination of wearables and other biomarkers as inputs to neural networks yields a strong correlation to ground truth in a holdout sample (r = 0.82, 95CI 0.80–0.83), outperforming other approaches and models and detects fitness change over time (e.g., after 7 years). We also show how the model’s latent space can be used for fitness-aware patient subtyping paving the way to scalable interventions and personalized trial recruitment. These results demonstrate the value of wearables for fitness estimation that today can be measured only with laboratory tests.
Evidence for a consistent use of external cues by marine fish larvae for orientation
Authors: Berenshtein Igal , Faillettaz Robin , Irisson Jean-Oliver , Kiflawi Moshe , Siebeck Ulrike E. , Leis Jeffery M. , Paris Claire B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe larval stage is the main dispersive process of most marine teleost species. The degree to which larval behavior controls dispersal has been a subject of debate. Here, we apply a cross-species meta-analysis, focusing on the fundamental question of whether larval fish use external cues for directional movement (i.e., directed movement). Under the assumption that directed movement results in straighter paths (i.e., higher mean vector lengths) compared to undirected, we compare observed patterns to those expected under undirected pattern of Correlated Random Walk (CRW). We find that the bulk of larvae exhibit higher mean vector lengths than those expected under CRW, suggesting the use of external cues for directional movement. We discuss special cases which diverge from our assumptions. Our results highlight the potential contribution of orientation to larval dispersal outcomes. This finding can improve the accuracy of larval dispersal models, and promote a sustainable management of marine resources.
Reduced excitatory neuron activity and interneuron-type-specific deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Algamal Moustafa , Russ Alyssa N. , Miller Morgan R. , Hou Steven S. , Maci Megi , Munting Leon P. , Zhao Qiuchen , Gerashchenko Dmitry , Bacskai Brian J. , Kastanenka Ksenia V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. These impairments correlate with early alterations in neuronal network activity in AD patients. Disruptions in the activity of individual neurons have been reported in mouse models of amyloidosis. However, the impact of amyloid pathology on the spontaneous activity of distinct neuronal types remains unexplored in vivo. Here we use in vivo calcium imaging with multiphoton microscopy to monitor and compare the activity of excitatory and two types of inhibitory interneurons in the cortices of APP/PS1 and control mice under isoflurane anesthesia. We also determine the relationship between amyloid accumulation and the deficits in spontaneous activity in APP/PS1 mice. We show that somatostatin-expressing (SOM) interneurons are hyperactive, while parvalbumin-expressing interneurons are hypoactive in APP/PS1 mice. Only SOM interneuron hyperactivity correlated with proximity to amyloid plaque. These inhibitory deficits were accompanied by decreased excitatory neuron activity in APP/PS1 mice. Our study identifies cell-specific neuronal firing deficits in APP/PS1 mice driven by amyloid pathology. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the complexity of neuron-specific deficits to ameliorate circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.
Transient phenomena in positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges
Authors: Ding Ziqin , Rakov Vladimir A. , Zhu Yanan , Tran Manh D. , Kereszy Istvan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPositive lightning discharges to ground (+CGs) are relatively rare and considerably less studied than negative ones (-CGs). We present observations of unusual transient phenomena occurring in +CGs and discuss their mechanisms. One of them is a brief electric coupling to a concurrent -CG initiated from a 257-m tall tower located 11 km from the +CG channel. A transient process (stroke) in the -CG flash appears to cause a transient luminosity enhancement (M-component) in the +CG channel. In the course of these essentially simultaneous transients, positive charge is in effect taken from the ground at the position of the tower and injected into the ground at the position of the +CG channel. Recoil leaders reactivating decayed +CG branches near the cloud base are each observed to cause a transient luminosity decrease (dip), as opposed to the expected luminosity increase, in the +CG main channel.
Stripe correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model
Authors: Karakuzu Seher , Tanjaroon Ly Andy , Mai Peizhi , Neuhaus James , Maier Thomas A. , Johnston Steven 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral state-of-the-art numerical methods have observed static or fluctuating spin and charge stripes in doped two-dimensional Hubbard models, suggesting that these orders play a significant role in shaping the cuprate phase diagram. Many experiments, however, also indicate that the cuprates have strong electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling, and it is unclear how this interaction influences stripe correlations. We study static and fluctuating stripe orders in the doped single-band Hubbard-Holstein model using zero temperature variational Monte Carlo and finite temperature determinant quantum Monte Carlo. We find that the lattice couples more strongly with the charge component of the stripes, leading to an enhancement or suppression of stripe correlations, depending on model parameters like the next-nearest-neighbor hopping$${t}^{{\prime} }$$t′or phonon energy Ω. Our results help elucidate how thee-ph interaction can tip the delicate balance between stripe and superconducting correlations in the Hubbard-Holstein model with implications for our understanding of the high-Tccuprates.
Magnon-cooparons in magnet-superconductor hybrids
Authors: Bobkova Irina V. , Bobkov Alexander M. , Kamra Akashdeep , Belzig Wolfgang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeneration and detection of spinful Cooper pairs in conventional superconductors has been intensely pursued by designing increasingly complex magnet-superconductor hybrids. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that magnons with nonzero wavenumbers universally induce a cloud of spinful triplet Cooper pairs around them in an adjacent conventional superconductor. The resulting composite quasiparticle, termed magnon-cooparon, consists of a spin flip in the magnet screened by a cloud of the spinful superfluid condensate. Thus, it inherits a large effective mass, which can be measured experimentally. Furthermore, we demonstrate that two magnetic wires deposited on a superconductor serve as a controllable magnonic directional coupler mediated by the nonlocal and composite nature of magnon-cooparons. Our analysis predicts a quasiparticle that enables generation, control, and use of spinful triplet Cooper pairs in the simplest magnet-superconductor heterostructures.
Translating atherosclerosis research from bench to bedside: navigating the barriers for effective preclinical drug discovery
Authors: May Lauren T. , Bartolo Belinda A. , Harrison David G. , Guzik Tomasz , Drummond Grant R. , Figtree Gemma A. , Ritchie Rebecca H. , Rye Kerry-Anne , de Haan Judy B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. An ongoing challenge remains the development of novel pharmacotherapies to treat CVD, particularly atherosclerosis. Effective mechanism-informed development and translation of new drugs requires a deep understanding of the known and currently unknown biological mechanisms underpinning atherosclerosis, accompanied by optimization of traditional drug discovery approaches. Current animal models do not precisely recapitulate the pathobiology underpinning human CVD. Accordingly, a fundamental limitation in early-stage drug discovery has been the lack of consensus regarding an appropriate experimental in vivo model that can mimic human atherosclerosis. However, when coupled with a clear understanding of the specific advantages and limitations of the model employed, preclinical animal models remain a crucial component for evaluating pharmacological interventions. Within this perspective, we will provide an overview of the mechanisms and modalities of atherosclerotic drugs, including those in the preclinical and early clinical development stage. Additionally, we highlight recent preclinical models that have improved our understanding of atherosclerosis and associated clinical consequences and propose model adaptations to facilitate the development of new and effective treatments.
Blind recognition of sparse parity‐check matrices of low‐density parity‐check codes in the presence of noise
Authors: Ding Yong , Huang Zhiping , Zhou Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the blind recognition method of the sparse parity‐check matrices of low‐density parity‐check codes in noncooperative communication, which is critical to the reverse analysis of communication protocols using LDPC codes. In this paper, two improvements are made to the algorithm of Liu Qian et al. (2021) for this problem. Firstly, a Gaussian elimination method based on random column exchange and soft information is proposed to enhance the fault tolerance of the elimination process. Secondly, according to the sparse property of the parity‐check matrices of LDPC codes, a random extraction method is proposed to further improve the fault tolerance of the algorithm, and it is verified theoretically. Finally, simulations verify the superior performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper.
A low‐cost and high‐performance self‐trigger method for high‐voltage transient measurement
Authors: Liu Hao , Ma Guoming , Qin Weiqi , Wang Wei , Du Houxian , Wang Lei , Zhai Shicong , Zeng Fuping , Han Weixing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStable triggering of acquisition devices is critical to accurately measure electromagnetic transients, especially for very fast transient overvoltages (VFTOs). A highly stable and low‐cos t self‐trigger method for transient measurement is proposed. An integrated low‐voltage arm module was developed to synchronously realise the triggering and VFTO measurement. The trigger branch was developed using a high‐pass filter. This component obtained the high‐frequency component of the VFTO to trigger the oscilloscope. The trigger branch was integrated with the measurement branch through an impedance converter. An attenuator was implemented before the impedance converter to avoid overvoltage damage to the chip. The circuit parameters of the attenuator were optimised to alleviate the disturbance of the measurement branch. The calibration results demonstrated that the ±1 dB bandwidth of the measurement branch in this system ranged from 11.8 Hz to 105 MHz. The low cutoff frequency of the trigger branch was 710 Hz. The VFTO waveforms generated by the operation of a disconnector in a real 252 kV gas insulated switchgear were measured using the proposed system. The test results verified that the self‐trigger measurement system can provide stable trigger signals and accurately measure the VFTO waveforms.
Steady‐state performance analysis for optimal operation determination of doubly fed induction motors
Authors: Pourmirzaei Deylami Fazel , Darabi Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDoubly fed induction machines (DFIMs) are less commonly used as motors in the industry. DFIMs are more commonly designed as doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and used as variable speed generators in wind turbines. In this paper, a large‐scale DFIM is studied in steady‐state operation. In this study, using the steady‐state models and equivalent circuits, a comprehensive analysis of the DFIM performance in motor operation mode is performed. Using the simulation results, the behaviour of the motor in all three synchronous, super‐synchronous, and sub‐synchronous modes is analyzed and evaluated in detail. Adjusting and controlling the rotor voltage in DFIMs is very essential. Therefore, a simple method for optimally adjusting the amplitude and angle of the rotor voltage in steady state is proposed for three different optimization scenarios that maximize output power, efficiency, and power factor, respectively. The results show that by properly determining the rotor voltage, the DFIM can perform optimally in a wide range of speed variations.