bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome mediation of animal life histories via metabolites and insulin‐like signalling
Authors: Warne Robin W. , Dallas Jason 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe regulatory pathways by which gut microbiota potentially shape host life histories remain largely untested, however, a constellation of research suggests that gut bacteria likely have significant effects on their hosts via metabolites. In this article we review known and hypothesized pathways by which gut microbiota influence host life histories through interfacing with the neuroendocrine system, with a focus on the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway. Bacterially derived metabolites including short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), polyamines, and peptides likely impact host life histories as metabolic substrates, essential nutrients, and via molecular signalling with well‐studied neuroendocrine pathways. The hypothalamus–pituitary axis and insulin‐like signalling (ILS) pathways are central regulatory networks for development, growth, reproductive maturity, reproduction, and senescence and are likely targets for tests of how gut bacterial metabolites shape host life histories. SCFAs in particular, as metabolites derived from bacterial fermentation, are implicated as significant microbiome signalling molecules shown to interface with the ILS pathway as well as to bind to receptors on neuroendocrine and peripheral nervous tissues. For example, experimental increases of SCFA production have been shown to affect IGF‐1 levels in circulation and are associated with robust development, growth, reproduction, and delayed senescence. Finally, emerging ‐omics approaches are providing integrative ways to test and detail the potential diverse ways in which gut microbiota interact with their hosts and the likely important roles they play in shaping host life‐history responses to varied environmental conditions.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of immediate versus delayed placement of dental implants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Garcia‐Sanchez Ruben , Dopico Jose , Kalemaj Zamira , Buti Jacopo , Pardo Zamora Guillermo , Mardas Nikos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTwo focused questions were addressed: Focused question (Q1) 1) Are there any differences between immediate and delayed placement in terms of (i) survival rate, (ii) success rate, (iii) radiographic marginal bone levels, (iv) height/(v)thickness of buccal wall, (vi) peri‐implant mucosal margin position, (vii) aesthetics outcomes and (viii) patient reported outcomes? Focused question 2 (Q2) What is the estimated effect size of immediate implant placement for all parameters included in Q1?Materials and methodsAn electronic search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and OpenGray) and hand search were conducted up to November 2019. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) with delayed implant placement as controls were eligible in the analysis for Q1. Immediate dental implant arms RCTs, controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and prospective case series of immediate implant placement were eligible in the analysis for Q2.ResultsSix papers (RCTs) were included in the analysis for Q1 and 53 papers (22 RCTs, 11 CCTs and 20 case series) for Q2. Q1: Meta‐analyses did not show any significant difference in implant survival, but it did for bone levels and PES scores at 1 year post‐loading, favouring the immediate group. Q2: Meta‐analyses showed that immediate implants had a high survival rate (97%) and presented high PES scores (range 10.36 to 11.25). Information regarding marginal bone loss and gingival/papillary recession varied among all included studies.ConclusionSimilar survival rate was found between immediate and delayed implants. Immediate implants presented threefold early complications and twofold delayed complications. Success criteria should be reported more consistently, and the incidence/type of complications associated with immediate implants should be further explored.
Healthy planet healthy people
Authors: Redford Kent H. , da Fonseca Gustavo A.B. , Gascon Claude , Rodriguez Carlos Manuel , Adams Jonathan , Andelman Sandy , Barron David H. , Batmanian Garo , Bierbaum Rosina , Daszak Peter , Daugherty Christine , Griffin Jeffrey , Kemper Karin , Lee Aileen , Long Barney , Lovejoy Thomas E. , McCauley David , Romanelli Cristina , Paxton Midori , Sekhran Nik , Walzer Chris , Wannous Chadia , West Kelly , Zambrana‐Torrelio Carlos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne Health is a cross‐sectoral and transdisciplinary approach that emphasizes the fundamental ways in which the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, fungi, plants, microbes, and natural and built ecosystems are interdependent. One Health approaches recognize the links between human health and a range of environmental concerns including biodiversity, climate, freshwater, food, harmful chemicals, and healthy oceans. Yet the conservation community and its broad interest in biodiversity and the natural world has been notably lacking in discussions about One Health. Partly as a result, both policy and practice have been narrowly focused on one or a few links between human and other healths, such as the human and wildlife health nexus. We provide a set of principles and components that will balance existing discussions by including the natural world and biodiversity and provide a framework for more active involvement by the conservation community. Incorporating these principles and components will enable One Health practice to guide inclusive, multidisciplinary, and cross‐sectoral efforts that consider the shared costs and benefits of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and help readjust humanity's pursuit of a green, just, and equitable sustainability pathway.
Excess control rights in family firms: A socioemotional wealth perspective
Authors: Shi Wei , Connelly Brian L. , Li Jiangyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study attempts to uncover a hidden benefit of shareholders' excess control rights in family firms by examining whether excess control rights can reduce the likelihood of financial misconduct in family firms, compared with nonfamily firms.Research Findings/InsightsWe argue that excess control rights are especially useful for family‐owned firms, compared with firms with other types of ownership, in preventing financial misconduct. They afford family owners the ability to guard against misconduct that can damage the founder's legacy and reduce the family's socioemotional wealth. We also investigate two boundary conditions, the presence of a family member as the board chair and the family's public visibility, that validate our proposed theoretical mechanism. In these scenarios, the family owner's socioemotional wealth is particularly high and could be impacted severely by misconduct. Results from a sample of 2516 publicly traded firms in China support our theory.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur study challenges traditional agency theory about excess control rights by exploring the potential of excess control rights to mitigate principal–agent problems and prevent financial misconduct in family firms.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsRegulators who make decisions to forbid or permit excess shareholder control in publicly listed firms must be aware that excess shareholder control could deter financial misconduct in family firms.
Single‐dose of LC51‐0255, a selective S1P1receptor modulator, showed dose‐dependent and reversible reduction of absolute lymphocyte count in humans
Authors: Won Lee Sang , Hwang Inyoung , Oh Jaeseong , Lee SeungHwan , Jang In‐Jin , Yu Kyung‐Sang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReducing the peripheral absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is a promising therapeutic approach in treating autoimmune diseases. LC51‐0255 is a sphingosine‐1‐phosphate 1 receptor modulator, which is known to decrease the peripheral ALC. We aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), safety, and tolerability profiles of LC51‐0255 after a single oral administration in healthy subjects. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation study was conducted in 50 healthy subjects. Each subject orally received LC51‐0255 (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mg) or its matching placebo in an 8:2 ratio. Blood and urine samples were collected to assess the PKs, and PDs was evaluated using peripheral ALC and 24‐h hourly heart rate data. Safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs), vital signs, 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG), continuous 24‐h ECG (via Holter monitoring), clinical laboratory tests, ophthalmologic tests, pulmonary function tests, and physical examinations. A single dose of LC51‐0255 reduced ALC and heart rate in a reversible and dose‐dependent manner. Systemic exposure of LC51‐0255 increased dose‐dependently and its half‐life ranged from 72.2 to 134.0 h. ALC and the systemic exposure of LC51‐0255 seemed to be negatively correlated. LC51‐0255 was well‐tolerated up to 2 mg, and the most common TEAE was bradycardia. The results of this study suggest that LC51‐0255 can be developed into a beneficial treatment option for autoimmune disease.
High spatiotemporal overlap in the non‐breeding season despite geographically dispersed breeding locations in the eastern whip‐poor‐will (Antrostomus vociferus)
Authors: Skinner Aaron A. , Ward Michael P. , Souza‐Cole Ian , Wright James R. , Thompson Frank R. , Benson Thomas J. , Matthews Stephen N. , Tonra Christopher M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimA full annual cycle approach to conservation and understanding of regional population trends requires an understanding of migratory connectivity. We present tracking data on the eastern whip‐poor‐will (Antrostomus vociferus), a Neotropical migrant that has declined by 70% in recent decades. When and where populations of this species are limited throughout the annual cycle is poorly understood.LocationBreeding area: midwestern United States; passage area and winter area: midwestern/southern United States, Mexico, Central America.MethodsWe utilized data from 52 archival GPS tags from five breeding areas covering a 9.5‐degree latitudinal span (~1000 km) of the whip‐poor‐will breeding range in the summers of 2017 and 2019. We identified migratory routes and spatiotemporal bottlenecks, stopover and wintering locations, calculated migratory connectivity throughout migration and on the wintering grounds and tested predictions for three latitudinal connectivity patterns.ResultsWhip‐poor‐wills circumvented the Gulf of Mexico, and populations across a large latitudinal gradient came together in eastern Texas in early October, resulting in decreased connectivity throughout migration. Breeding‐winter migratory connectivity was low (MC = 0.22 ± 0.12), with extensive overlap of core wintering areas in southern Mexico and Guatemala. The overlap of wintering areas by individuals from dispersed breeding latitudes suggests that whip‐poor‐wills most closely resemble telescopic migrants.Main conclusionsCircumventing the Gulf of Mexico influenced connectivity in the whip‐poor‐will, funnelling individuals into a small region in eastern Texas in migration and likely influencing breeding‐winter connectivity. Thus, geographically dispersed breeding populations overlap in space and time during migration and winter, and non‐breeding season conditions affecting populations (both positively and negatively) impact individuals from across the core breeding range. For example, extensive deforestation occurring in the whip‐poor‐will's core wintering area likely impacts individuals from all five deployment locations. We demonstrate that combining multiple indices of spatiotemporal cohesion is critical to fully understand how migratory animals are distributed in the non‐breeding season.
Increased deformation of the left ventricle during exercise test measured by global longitudinal strain can rule out significant coronary artery disease in patients with suspected unstable angina pectoris
Authors: Karlsen Sigve , Melichova Daniela , Dahlslett Thomas , Grenne Bjørnar , Sjøli Benthe , Smiseth Otto , Edvardsen Thor , Brunvand Harald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive identification of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) is challenging. Exercise stress testing has been used for years in patients with suspected CAD but has low diagnostic accuracy. The use of Global longitudinal strain (GLS) by speckle tracking echocardiography is a highly sensitive and reproducible parameter for detection of myocardial ischemia. Our aim was to study if identification of normal or ischemic myocardium by measurement of GLS immediately after an ordinary bicycle exercise stress testing in patients with suspected UAP could identify or rule out significant CAD.MethodsSeventy‐eight patients referred for coronary angiography from outpatient clinics and the emergency department with chest pain, inconclusive ECG and normal values of Troponin‐T was included. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination at rest and immediately after maximum stress by exercise on a stationary bicycle. Significant CAD was defined by diameter stenosis > 90% by coronary angiography. In patients with coronary stenosis between 50–90%, fractional flow reserve (FFR) was measured and defined abnormal < .80. Analysis of echocardiographic data were performed blinded for angiographic data. Patients were discharged diagnosed with CAD (n = 34) or non‐coronary chest pain (NCCP, n = 44).ResultsIn patients with NCCP, GLS at rest was ‐21.1 ± 1.7% and ‐25.5 ± 2.6% at maximum stress (P < .01). In patients with CAD, GLS at rest was ‐16.8 ± 4.0% and remained unchanged at maximum stress (‐16.6 ± 4.6%, P = .69). In patients with NCCP, LVEF was 56.1% ± 6.0 and increased to 61.8% 5.2, P < .01. In CAD patients, LVEF at rest was 54.7% ± 8.6 and increased to 58.2% ± 9.5 during stress, P = .16. In NCCP patients, Wall Motion Score index decreased .02 ± .07, P = .03 during stress and was without significant changes in patients with CAD. Area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing CAD for was .97 (.95‐1.00), .63 (.49‐.76), and .71 (.59‐.83) for GLS, LVEF, and WMSi, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with suspected UAP, increased deformation of the left ventricle measured by GLS immediately after exercise stress testing identified normal myocardium without CAD. Reduced LV contractile function by GLS without increase after exercise identified significant CAD.
Cardiac point‐of‐care ultrasound publication trends
Authors: Pattock Andrew M. , Kim Michelle Minna , Kersey Cooper B. , Liu Linda , Kirkpatrick James N. , Adedipe Adeyinka , Kessler Ross , Morris Amy , Nikravan Sara , Mazimba Sula , Kwon Younghoon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionCardiac point‐of‐care ultrasound (c‐POCUS) is an increasingly implemented diagnostic tool with the potential to guide clinical management. We sought to characterize and analyze the existing c‐POCUS literature with a focus on the temporal trends and differences across specialties.MethodsA literature search for c‐POCUS and related terms was conducted using Ovid (MEDLINE and Embase) and Web of Science databases through 2020. Eligible publications were classified by publication type and topic, author specialty, geographical region of senior author, and journal specialty.ResultsThe initial search produced 1761 potential publications. A strict definition of c‐POCUS yielded a final total of 574 cardiac POCUS manuscripts. A yearly increase in c‐POCUS publications was observed. Nearly half of publications were original research (48.8%) followed by case report or series (22.8%). Most publications had an emergency medicine senior author (38.5%), followed by cardiology (20.8%), anesthesiology (12.5%), and critical care (12.5%). The proportion authored by emergency medicine and cardiologists has decreased over time while those by anesthesiology and critical care has generally increased, particularly over the last decade. First authorship demonstrated a similar trend. Articles were published in emergency medicine (24.4%) and cardiology journals (20.5%) with comparable frequency.ConclusionThe annual number of c‐POCUS publications has steadily increased over time, reflecting the increased recognition and utilization of c‐POCUS. This study can help inform clinicians of the current state of c‐POCUS and augment the discussion surrounding barriers to continued adoption across all specialties.
Testing a behavioral model for the maintenance of androdioecy as a result of sexual conflict in the clam shrimpEulimnadia dahli
Authors: Calabrese Alissa , Weeks Stephen C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAndrodioecy is a rare mating system in which males and self‐compatible hermaphrodites coexist. Such a system is proposed to be a temporary evolutionary transition between separate sexes and total hermaphroditism. Sexual conflict over occurrence of mating has been proposed as one crucial precondition for a behavioral mechanism that can maintain stable androdioecy. This work tests this hypothesis usingEulimnadia dahli, a species of clam shrimp that has maintained androdioecy for millions of years. Monitoring the behaviors of mating pairs, we examined the differences in antagonistic behaviors and propensity to mate between different types of hermaphrodites and their male counterparts. Contrary to predictions, inbred hermaphrodites from male‐less populations did not have higher resistance to mating with males, were not found to be less attractive to males, and showed no increased tendency to self‐fertilize than hermaphrodites from mixed populations.
Dynamic three‐dimensional computed tomographic imaging facilitates evaluation of the equine cervical articular process joint in motion
Authors: Schulze Nicole , Werpy Natasha , Gernhardt Jennifer , Fritsch Guido , Hildebrandt Thomas , Vanderperren Katrien , Klopfleisch Robert , Ben Romdhane Racem , Lischer Christophorus , Ehrle Anna 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundDynamic computed tomography (CT) imaging has been introduced in human orthopaedics and is continuing to gain popularity. With dynamic CT, video sequences of anatomical structures can be evaluated in motion.ObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility of dynamic CT for diagnostic imaging of the equine cervical articular process joints (APJs) and to give a detailed description of the APJ movement pattern.Study designDescriptive cadaver imaging.MethodsCervical specimens of twelve Warmblood horses were included. A custom‐made motorised testing device was used to position and manipulate the neck specimens and perform dynamic 2D and 3D CT imaging. Images were obtained with a 320‐detector‐row CT scanner with a 160 mm wide‐area (2D) solid‐state detector design that allows image acquisition of a volumetric axial length of 160 mm without moving the CT couch. Dynamic videos were acquired and divided into four phases of movement. Three blinded observers used a subjective scale of 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor) to grade the overall image quality in each phases of motion cycle.ResultsWith an overall median score of 1 the image quality, a significantly lower score was observed in the dynamic 3D videos over the four phases by the three observers compared with the 2D videos for both flexion (3D 95% CI: 1‐2 and 2D 95% CI: 1‐3;P = .007) and extension movement (3D 95% CI: 1‐2 and 2D 95% CI: 1‐3;P = .008). Median Translational displacement of the APJ surface was significantly greater in flexion than in extension movement (P = .002).Main limitationsThe small number of specimens included. Excision of spines and removal of musculature.ConclusionsThe study is a first step in the investigation of the potential of dynamic 3D CT in veterinary medicine, a technique that has only begun to be explored and leaves much room for refinement prior to its introduction in routine practice. CT with a detector coverage of 16 cm and a rotation speed of 0.32 seconds provides high‐quality images of moving objects and gives new insight into the movement pattern of equine cervical APJs.
Protector and friend: Turning points and discursive constructions of the stepparent role
Authors: Oliver‐Blackburn Bailey M. , Braithwaite Dawn O. , Waldron Vincent R. , Hall Robert , Hackenburg Lucas , Worman Braedon G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand turning points (TPs) in the development of positive stepparent–stepchild communication and relationships.BackgroundScholars stress the importance of communication in co‐constructing healthy stepparent–stepchild relationships. The researchers focused on positive stepparenting via understanding transformational turning point (TP) events across time. Research questions explored how stepparents with an overall positive relationship with a stepchild characterize TPs and the discursive constructions of the stepparent role.MethodThe team analyzed 877 pages of data from 37 in‐depth interviews with stepparents who described self‐identified TP events, reflected in visual graphs of 279 TPs.ResultsData were coded into 11 TP types, focused on structural and role changes for stepparents, co‐constructed over time. The top three TP types were changes in household composition, communicating support through offering protection and being present/available, and role change, most frequently by functioning as a parent versus friend. All the TPs highlight discursive work to forge positive stepparenting roles.ConclusionsThe findings extend earlier studies of stepchildren's experiences and communication practices that ground resilience to manage relational resources through investments of quality time and enactment of social support.ImplicationsApplications suggest support for stepparents to have quality interactions with stepchildren and training to develop healthy communication practices and facilitate resilience.
Exploring gene‐culture coevolution in humans by inferring neuroendophenotypes: A case study of the oxytocin receptor gene and cultural tightness
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Lindo John , Rilling James K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe gene‐culture coevolution (GCC) framework has gained increasing prominence in the social and biological sciences. While most studies on human GCC concern the evolution of low‐level physiological traits, attempts have also been made to apply GCC to complex human traits, including social behavior and cognition. One major methodological challenge in this endeavor is to reconstruct a specific biological pathway between the implicated genes and their distal phenotypes. Here, we introduce a novel approach that combines data on population genetics and expression quantitative trait loci to infer the specific intermediate phenotypes of genes in the brain. We suggest that such “neuroendophenotypes” will provide more detailed mechanistic insights into the GCC process. We present a case study where we explored a GCC dynamics between the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and cultural tightness–looseness. By combining data from the 1000 Genomes project and the Gene‐Tissue‐Expression project (GTEx), we estimated and comparedOXTRexpression in 10 brain regions across five human superpopulations. We found thatOXTRexpression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was highly variable across populations, and this variation correlated with cultural tightness and socio‐ecological threats worldwide. The mediation models also suggested possible GCC dynamics where the increasedOXTRexpression in the ACC mediates or emerges from the tight culture and higher socio‐ecological threats. Formal selection scans further confirmed thatOXTRalleles linked to enhanced receptor expression in the ACC underwent positive selection in East Asian countries with tighter social norms. We discuss the implications of our method in human GCC research.