bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming obstacles in Panama to starting a renal biopsy program in a rural area during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Courville Karen , Milord Rolando , Cerrud Jonathan , Bustamante Norman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the many implemented restrictions, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rendered some tasks more difficult, for instance, the evaluation of outpatients. Panama’s tertiary care hospital for kidney biopsy referral was transformed into a COVID-only hospital in order to assist the large number of COVID-19 patients. In order to face the impossibility of following patients with nephrotic or nephritic syndrome, a biopsy program was implemented in a southern province in Panama. Thirty kidney biopsies were carried out over a 1-year period. This experience shows that kidney biopsy programs, that are usually run only in large referral centers, can also be implemented in small nephrology centers, allowing to obtain accurate diagnoses and to guide correct treatment.
Characteristics and Formation Pathways of Iron- and Magnesium-Silicate-Hydrates and Smectites Under Natural Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Shimbashi Misato , Yokoyama Shingo , Kikuchi Ryosuke , Otake Tsubasa , Sato Tsutomu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of secondary minerals under alkaline conditions is important for predicting the potential alteration of the constituent minerals in radioactive-waste disposal facilities. A previous study reported the formation of uncommon Fe- and Mg-bearing clays under natural alkaline conditions in the Philippines; these were referred to as iron-magnesium-silicate-hydrates (F-M-S-H) and nontronite-like minerals. The current study aimed to investigate the structural and chemical characteristics and to understand the formation pathways of these clays by performing a detailed characterization. F-M-S-H comprised tetrahedral–octahedral–tetrahedral (TOT) layers, imperfect interlayer hydroxide sheets, and interlayer Ca ions. The systematic changes in the characteristics of F-M-S-H at different sampling depths, such as the gradual decrease of the interlayer hydroxide sheets to form smectitic domains, were caused by the differing interaction periods between each sediment at different sampling depths and alkaline seepage. Furthermore, F-M-S-H was ferrous in form prior to oxidation. In contrast, a nontronite-like mineral comprised nontronite and part of an interlayer hydroxide sheet. This mineral was inferred to be formed under chemically different conditions from F-M-S-H, and probably formed in the presence of aqueous Fe3+ and Mg ions.
Small mammals in a mountain ecosystem: the effect of topographic, micrometeorological, and biological correlates on their community structure
Authors: Chirichella R. , Ricci E. , Armanini M. , Gobbi M. , Mustoni A. , Apollonio M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have investigated spatial and temporal patterns in species richness and assemblage composition in mountain ecosystems along altitudinal gradients. Small mammals have been successfully used as indicators of environmental health and as proxies of biodiversity. However, information about the composition and distribution of species assemblages in the mosaic of habitat and rocky landform types at a high altitude is still lacking for most of the mountain regions. Through the use of live traps and camera trapping, we described the small mammal community living above the treeline of the Western Dolomites (Italian Alps), investigating the species richness, abundance of individuals and community composition in relation to topographic, micrometeorological, mesohabitat, and biological correlates. A total of five species and 50 individuals were sampled, analysed, and released. At the extremes of the analysed altitudinal range (i.e. 1900 vs 2900 m a.s.l.), community composition was completely different and species richness was related to elevation, steepness, and vegetation cover. At the same time, the taxonomic distinctness of ground-dwelling arthropods (namely carabid beetles and spiders), a proxy of habitat complexity, showed higher values in areas with a greater small mammal species richness. We found a positive effect of steepness and rocky landform type “carsism” on the number of captured individuals, showing the importance of the availability of shelters and underground burrows for the sampled species. As a confirmation of the altitudinal shift for these species in relation to the ongoing climate change, we detected a negative impact of sub-surface ground temperature on small mammal abundance during the monitoring period. In conclusion, small mammals represent an excellent model for understanding the evolutionary processes of ecosystems, population dynamics under changing environmental conditions, and habitat vulnerabilities.
Relationship Between Number of Oocytes Retrieved and Embryo Euploidy Rate in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Cycles
Authors: Buerger Jonathan D. , Datla Jitesh , Minassian Shahab , Dreibelbis Sarah , Glassner Michael J. , Orris John J. , Clements Nicolle , Sheffy Alyssa , Anderson Sharon H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis cohort study is aimed to determine if higher number of oocytes retrieved affects the rate of euploidy in the embryos of women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). A negative trend between the number of oocytes retrieved and embryo euploidy rate was observed using Visual Analytics software, especially when a higher number of oocytes were retrieved. After regression analysis, patient age was the only variable found to have a statistically significant negative effect (p < 0.0001) on euploidy rate in all regression models. Number of oocytes retrieved was not found to have a statistically significant effect on euploidy rate when analyzed per number of biopsied blastocysts (p = 0.5356), per number of oocytes retrieved (p = 0.1025), and per number of fertilized oocytes (p = 0.7241). The parameter estimates in the linear regression models were negative for number of oocytes retrieved. This study shows a statistically significant effect between patient age and embryo euploidy rate, which is already known. There is some evidence to suggest that higher number of oocytes retrieved may negatively impact the number of euploid embryos per number of oocytes retrieved based on the visual analytic graphs, p value approaching significance, and the negative parameter estimates in the regression models.
Genital Reconstruction following Fournier's Gangrene
Authors: Michael Panos , Peiris Bryony , Ralph David , Johnson Mark , Lee Wai Gin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionFournier's gangrene is a urological emergency, comprising of type I necrotizing fasciitis resulting in anatomic defects affecting the perineum, perianal region, and external genitalia in both men and women, often requiring reconstruction.ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the different reconstructive techniques for Fournier's gangrene.MethodsA literature search was performed on PubMed with the search terms “Fournier”s gangrene” “genital reconstruction” and “Fournier's gangrene phalloplasty.” The European Association of Urology's guidelines on Urological infections were also consulted for recommendations.ResultsReconstructive procedures include primary closure, scrotal advancement flaps, fasciocutaneous flaps, myocutaneous flaps, skin grafts, and phalloplasty. There is insufficient evidence to support that flaps lead to better outcomes than skin grafts, or vice versa, particularly for scrotal defects. Both techniques have been shown to have satisfactory aesthetic results, with good skin color match and natural scrotal contour. With regards to phalloplasty, there is a lack of data specifically relating to Fournier's gangrene, as most articles were addressed toward gender affirmation surgery. Furthermore, there is a lack of guidelines in both the immediate and reconstructive management of Fournier's gangrene. Lastly, the outcomes reported following reconstructive surgery have been objective rather than subjective, meaning that patient satisfaction was rarely recorded.ConclusionFurther research is required in the field of reconstructive surgery specific to Fournier's gangrene, which should also take into consideration patient demographics and subjective reports regarding cosmesis and sexual function.
Motion design and visual communication in the era of ‘diffuse design’ paradigm: analysis and evaluation of a didactic experiment
Authors: Maselli Vincenzo , Panadisi Giulia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent years, co-creation and collaboration platforms to create and deliver new products and services have taken a step forward; this has led to the development of a new active involvement of users, who from co-designers have become independent designers, even if not experts. Co-design is dynamic and provides the tools to generate democratic design processes guided by the users themselves. The democratization of design tools is the premise for a new paradigm defined ‘Diffuse Design’ by Manzini (2015). This contribution explores the approaches of open design and open production with particular attention to the field of visual communication and the production of motion design artifacts. After an introduction to the co-design framework, the main open-production visual communication platforms are presented to offer an overview of the topic. Next, the potential of online platforms to enable non-designers to produce animated artifacts is explored by examining student projects in a motion design University course. The most significant outputs of the student experience are then described and critically analyzed. Finally, the conclusions investigate the different perspectives for reading the democratization of tools for creating visual artifacts and lay the foundations for future lines of research.
Long-time asymptotics of the modified KdV equation in weighted Sobolev spaces
Authors: Chen Gong , Liu Jiaqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe long-time behaviour of solutions to the defocussing modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) equation is established for initial conditions in some weighted Sobolev spaces. Our approach is based on the nonlinear steepest descent method of Deift and Zhou and its reformulation by Dieng and McLaughlin through$\overline {\partial }$-derivatives. To extend the asymptotics to solutions with initial data in lower-regularity spaces, we apply a global approximation via PDE techniques.
The social long-term care insurance model: comparing actor configurations across countries and time
Authors: Fischer Johanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo date, social long-term care insurance (SLTCI) systems have been introduced in six countries globally: the Netherlands, Israel, Germany, Japan, Luxembourg and South Korea. Applying an actor-centred, multi-dimensional framework and fuzzy-set analysis, the present article investigates the typical characteristics and variations of these SLTCI schemes at introduction and today. In short, we find that the SLTCI model features dominant social contribution financing, a mix of for- and non-profit providers, and state regulation. In light of the relevance of corporate self-regulation often associated with social insurance systems, the dominance of state regulation is unexpected. The analysis also reveals considerable variance between cases, most notably concerning the extent of private individual actors’ involvement. While geographical proximity of countries does not explain differences between SLTCI systems, “temporal clusters” seem to partly drive the variation of SLTCI actor configurations.
Modelled dynamic retreat of Kangerlussuaq Glacier, East Greenland, strongly influenced by the consecutive absence of an ice mélange in Kangerlussuaq Fjord
Authors: Barnett Jamie , Holmes Felicity A. , Kirchner Nina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMass loss at the Greenland Ice Sheet is influenced by atmospheric processes controlling its surface mass balance, and by submarine melt and calving where glaciers terminate in fjords. There, an ice mélange – a composite matrix of calved ice bergs and sea ice – may provide a buttressing force on a glacier terminus and control terminus dynamics. Kangerlussuaq Glacier is a major outlet of the Greenland Ice Sheet, for which recent major retreat events in 2004/2005 and 2016–2018 coincided with the absence of an ice mélange in Kangerlussuaq Fjord. To better understand the response of Kangerlussuaq Glacier to climatic and oceanic drivers, a 2D flowline model is employed. Results indicate that an ice mélange buttressing force exerts a major control on calving frequency and rapid retreat. When an ice mélange forms in Kangerlussuaq Fjord, it provides stabilising forces and conditions favourable for winter terminus re-advance. When it fails to form during consecutive years, model results indicate that Kangerlussuaq Glacier is primed to retreat into the large overdeepenings in Kangerlussuaq Fjord, and to terminus positions more than 30 km farther inland, implying that excessive mass loss from Kangerlussuaq Glacier by the year 2065 cannot be excluded.
Manuscript Discoveries and Debates over Orthodoxy in Early Christian Studies: The Case of the Syriac Poet-Theologian Jacob of Serugh
Authors: Forness Philip Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe uncovering of manuscripts over the last one hundred years has repeatedly changed how early Christian history is told. With no signs of this trend abating, this article seeks to take stock of how scholars respond to manuscript discoveries by focusing on three debates over the orthodoxy of an early Christian figure that extend over two hundred and fifty years. New manuscript evidence sparked no less than three debates over the christological views of the Syriac author Jacob of Serugh (d. 520/521) from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. In the first debate, the arrival of manuscripts in Western Europe led to a conflict between the Maronite scholars who viewed Jacob as a Chalcedonian thinker and certain textual evidence that suggested otherwise. The second debate began in the late nineteenth century after manuscripts from Egypt arrived in London that contained Jacob’s extensive epistolary corpus, which includes clear expressions of non-Chalcedonian, miaphysite christology. A new acquisition by the Vatican Library in the mid-twentieth century featured a previously unknown homily that included two lines that could be interpreted in a Chalcedonian manner. This inspired several Western scholars to dig yet deeper into the manuscripts to resolve this long-standing debate over his christological views. The focused analysis of the pendulum swings initiated by manuscript discoveries in the scholarly discourse surrounding Jacob of Serugh serves as a mirror for self-reflection on the way that scholars discuss a past whose many unknowns still await discovery.
Primary care triaging of head and neck cancer referrals using the head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2: impact on a tertiary head and neck service
Authors: Li L , Tikka T , Morton C , Chan C , Hayois L , Henderson M , Hastie C , Lee L , Porteus L , Nixon I 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the use of the head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 in a primary care setting and to evaluate the impact of the risk calculator on the number of referrals stratified by urgency and cancer yield.MethodReferrals between April 2019 and August 2019, April 2020 and July 2020 (pre-risk calculator) and August 2020 and July 2021 (post-risk calculator) were analysed. Referral urgency, head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 score, cancer diagnosis, cancer type and further investigations were recorded.ResultsThe 2023 patient encounters were analysed; there were 1110 (55 per cent) referrals before head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use and 913 (45 per cent) after head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use. A higher proportion of older (p < 0.001) and male (p < 0.013) patients were seen post-head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use. All cancer cases were seen on the urgent suspicion of cancer pathway post-head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use; however, a higher proportion of patients were seen as urgent suspicion of cancer (51.1 vs 83.5 per cent; p < 0.001). Overall, the cancer diagnosis rate increased from 2.7 to 4.1 per cent.ConclusionThe head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 had high sensitivity in cancer diagnosis. More studies are required to optimise the predicted versus actual cancer probability gap.
Runaways London: Historical Research, Archival Silences and Creative Voices
Authors: Al-Amoudi Fahad , Birch Kate , Newman Simon P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores how popular historical knowledge and understanding can be deepened by collaboration between historians, creative artists, and editors, publishers and those who support and develop the creative arts. Historical research into enslaved people who escaped in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century London reveals much about their enslavers but very little about the enslaved people themselves. However, archival gaps and silences can be imaginatively filled, and those who engage with the historically inspired creative work can explore the nexus of historical research and artistic creativity. In this article the authors (a historian and two members of the creative industry) detail how their ‘Runaways London’ collaboration developed, and how the work of poets and artists, premised on extensive historical research, deepens our understanding of race and slavery in British history, achieving something that is beyond the reach of historical research and writing alone.
BOUNDARY BLOW-UP SOLUTIONS TO EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE INFINITY LAPLACIAN
Authors: LI CUICUI , LIU FANG , ZHAO PEIBIAO 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the boundary blow-up problem related to the infinity Laplacian
$$ \begin{align*}\begin{cases} \Delta_{\infty}^h u=u^q &\mathrm{in}\; \Omega, \\ u=\infty &\mathrm{on} \;\partial\Omega, \end{cases} \end{align*} $$
where
$\Delta _{\infty }^h u=|Du|^{h-3} \langle D^2uDu,Du \rangle $
is the highly degenerate and h-homogeneous operator associated with the infinity Laplacian arising from the stochastic game named Tug-of-War. When
$q>h>1$
, we establish the existence of the boundary blow-up viscosity solution. Moreover, when the domain satisfies some regular condition, we establish the asymptotic estimate of the blow-up solution near the boundary. As an application of the asymptotic estimate and the comparison principle, we obtain the uniqueness result of the large solution. We also give the nonexistence of the large solution for the case
$q \leq h.$
The 1871 Mexican Criminal Code as the missing piece in the history of criminalizing violations of the laws of war
Authors: Atilano Tania Ixchel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLittle is known about how international humanitarian law has developed around the world, other than in Europe and the USA. However, it is a topic worth researching, as it may reveal new connections, causalities and the previously unknown origins of legal institutions. Mexico is a good example of how the rules of war developed differently in different countries, since – as early as 1871 – it incorporated the law of war in its domestic criminal law. This article will explore how the idea of criminalizing violations of the laws of war flourished in nineteenth-century Mexico. A combination of factors including foreign interventions, civil wars, the liberal convictions of the drafters of the Mexican Criminal Code and their will to achieve the rank of “civilized nations” led to the creation of the crime “violations of the duties of humanity”. This development was a milestone in the history of pursuing individual criminal responsibility for violations of the laws of war and, therefore, is a missing piece in its history.
The Performance of the ERA‐Interim and ERA5 Atmospheric Reanalyses Over Weddell Sea Pack Ice
Authors: King John C. , Marshall Gareth J. , Colwell Steve , Arndt Stefanie , Allen‐Sader Clare , Phillips Tony 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe use meteorological measurements from three drifting buoys to evaluate the performance of the ERA‐Interim and ERA5 atmospheric reanalyses from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts over the Weddell Sea ice zone. The temporal variability in surface pressure and near‐surface air temperature is captured well by the two reanalyses but both reanalyses exhibit a warm bias relative to the buoy measurements. This bias is small at temperatures close to 0°C but reaches 5–10°C at −40°C. For two of the buoys the mean temperature bias in ERA5 is significantly smaller than that in ERA‐Interim while for the third buoy the biases in the two products are comparable. 10 m wind speed biases in both reanalyses are small and may largely result from measurement errors associated with icing of the buoy anemometers. The biases in downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation are significant in both reanalyses but we caution that the pattern of bias is consistent with potential errors in the buoy measurements, caused by accumulation of snow and ice on the radiometers. Overall, our study suggests that, with the exception of near‐surface temperature, both reanalyses reproduce the buoy measurements to within the limits of measurement uncertainty. We suggest that the significant biases in near‐surface air temperature may result from the simplified representation of sea ice used in the reanalysis models, and we recommend the use of a more sophisticated representation of sea ice, including variable ice and snow thicknesses, in future reanalyses.
The “Polar Vortex” Winter of 2013/2014
Authors: Cohen Judah , Agel Laurie , Barlow Mathew , Furtado Jason C. , Kretschmer Marlene , Wendt Vivien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe term “polar vortex” remained largely a technical term until early January 2014 when the United States (US) media used it to describe an historical cold air outbreak in eastern North America. Since then, “polar vortex” has been used more frequently by the media and the public, often conflating circulation features and temperatures near the surface with only partially related features at the tropopause and in the stratosphere. The polar vortex in its most common scientific usage refers to a hemispheric‐scale stratospheric circulation over the Arctic that is present during the Northern Hemisphere cold season. Reversal of the zonal mean zonal winds circumnavigating the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), termed major sudden stratospheric warmings, can be linked to mid‐latitude cold air outbreaks. However, this mechanism does not explain the cold US winter of 2013/2014. This study revisits the winter of 2013/2014 to understand how SPV variability may still have played a role in the severe winter weather. Observations indicate that anomalously strong vertical wave propagation occurred throughout the winter and disrupted, but did not fully break, the SPV. Instead, vertically propagating waves were reflected back downward, amplifying a blocking high near Alaska and downstream troughing across central North America, a classic signature for extreme cold air outbreaks across central and eastern North America. Thus, the association of the term “polar vortex” with winter 2013/2014, while not justified by the most common usage of the term, serves as a case study of the wave‐reflection mechanism of SPV influence on mid‐latitude weather.