bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we design artificial persons without being manipulative?
Authors: Musiał Maciej 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIf we could build artificial persons (APs) with a moral status comparable to this of a typical human being, how should we design those APs in the right way? This question has been addressed mainly in terms of designing APs devoted to being servants (AP servants) and debated in reference to their autonomy and the harm they might experience. Recently, it has been argued that even if developing AP servants would neither deprive them of autonomy nor cause any net harm, then developing such entities would still be unethical due to the manipulative attitude of their designers. I make two contributions to this discussion. First, I claim that the argument about manipulative attitude significantly shifts the perspective of the whole discussion on APs and that it refers to a much wider range of types of APs than has been acknowledged. Second, I investigate the possibilities of developing APs without a manipulative attitude. I proceed in the following manner: (1) I examine the argument about manipulativeness; (2) show the important novelty it brings to a discussion about APs; (3) analyze how the argument can be extrapolated to designing other kinds of Aps; and (4) discuss cases in which APs can be designed without manipulativeness.
Burnout in Surgical Residents of an Academic Hospital in Iran: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ashouri Mohammad , Mansourian Babak , Safari Roxana , Mohammadzadeh Narjes , Tadbir Vajargah Kiana , Karimi Aysa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcademic burnout has adverse effects on residents' professional behavior as well as personal aspects of their lives and can ultimately affect their performance in the workplace. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout among surgical residents in Imam Khomeini hospital and the relationship between factors such as sex, marital status, living place, specialized field, and anxiety with burnout.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in 2021. A validated version of the Maslach burnout inventory for students (MBI‐SS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and a questionnaire on contributing factors were used. Statistical analysis for the prevalence of burnout and comparison between scores of groups were performed.ResultsOf 130 surgical residents who answered the survey, 26% met the criteria for burnout. There was a significantly higher prevalence of burnout among PGY1 residents. Of these residents, 85.4% and 62.3% had high scores on emotional exhaustion and cynicism, respectively. We observed an association between different surgical disciplines and anxiety with burnout.ConclusionsThe prevalence of burnout among surgical residents was notable and higher than expected. There was a reliable association between anxiety and burnout. A longitudinal study on a group of students with a consideration of associated factors is suggested.
Post-SMILE – Was Myope über ihre sekundär emmetropen Augen wissen
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Devenijn Machteld , Neller Kai , Cosma Claudia , Sickenberger Wolfgang , Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim , Schwahn Hartmut 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei jungen myopen Erwachsenen ist die Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) zur langfristigen Korrektur ihrer Kurzsichtigkeit sehr beliebt. Die übermäßigen Achsenlängen der myopen Augen und die damit verbundenen Risiken für spätere schwerwiegendere Augenerkrankungen bleiben bei der chirurgischen Korrektur des Refraktionsfehlers jedoch bestehen. Diese Risiken sind umso größer, je höher die Myopie ist. Sind die Patienten darüber gut informiert, und inwieweit tritt weiteres Augenlängenwachstum auch nach SMILE auf?

Methodik
Myope junge Erwachsene, welche sich vor 2019 einer binokularen SMILE unterzogen haben, bekamen die Möglichkeit, im Rahmen einer Folgevisite ihre Augen untersuchen zu lassen (Biometrie mittels IOL-Master 700 [Zeiss, Oberkochen, Deutschland], subjektive Refraktion, Untersuchung des vorderen und hinteren Augenabschnittes an der Spaltlampe) und an einer Umfrage teilzunehmen. Patienten mit präoperativer Achslänge ≥ 25,5 mm und präoperativer Achslänge < 25,5 mm (hohe Myopie) wurden statistisch getrennt ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es erschienen 44 Patienten (Alter 30,39 ± 2,39 Jahre) bei der Visite, die SMILE lag 3,18 ± 0,82 Jahre zurück: Das sphärische Äquivalent bei der Folgevisite betrug −0,05 ± 0,21 dpt bei den schwächer Myopen und −0,18 ± 0,23 dpt bei den hoch Myopen; 27 % der Befragten schätzten, dass durch SMILE ihr Risiko für Netzhautablösung und Katarakt gesenkt werden würde, wobei 80 % der hoch Myopen ihr individuelles Risiko für Netzhautablösung zu niedrig einschätzten; 57 % gaben an, dass sie bei Symptomen, die einer akuten Netzhautablösung entsprechen, erst innerhalb 1 Woche zum Augenarzt gehen, nur 27 % würden sich sofort in eine Notaufnahme begeben. Generell gaben 59 % an, ein normales Gesundheitsbewusstsein zu haben, und 41 % berichteten, jährlich zur augenärztlichen Kontrolle zu gehen.

Diskussion
Die erhobenen Achslängen und Refraktionen zeigen keine relevante Veränderung der Augen hinsichtlich einer Progression der Myopie. Die Angaben der Patienten in der Umfrage verdeutlichen aber, dass den meisten Patienten das Risiko schwerwiegender Augenerkrankungen (Netzhautablösung, Katarakt) nicht bewusst ist. Es bedarf daher v. a. bei den präoperativ hoch myopen Patienten einer wiederholten Risikoaufklärung und einer engmaschigen postoperativen Betreuung.
NCX1 disturbs calcium homeostasis and promotes RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by regulating JNK/c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathway in multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Tingting , Qiu Dongbiao , Chen Qingjiao , Yang Apeng , Chen Junmin , Zeng Zhiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough several types of calcium channels abnormalities have been shown to promote myeloma bone disease (MBD), the relationship between Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) and MBD remains unexplored. Here, we examined the role of NCX1 in the development of multiple myeloma (MM), with a special focus on the underlying effects involved osteoclast differentiation. Firstly, we detected NCX1 protein highly expressed in BM tissues of MM patients, and its expression was positively correlated with serum calcium and the percentage of BM CD138+ cells. In vitro, NCX1 suppression with the inhibitor KB-R7943 reduced cell viability of MM cells and caused apoptosis. Extracellular high Ca2+ environment increased the level of intracellular Ca2+ in MM cells through gating the calcium influx, with subsequently promoting the expression of NCX1 and osteoclastogenesis-related genes (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANKL), nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), and proto-oncogene Fos (c-Fos). This phenomenon could be reversed by KB-R7943 or calcium chelation. Furthermore, NCX1 overexpression in MM cells accelerated osteoclastogenesis, while NCX1 knockdown or suppression resulted in the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we further investigated the related mechanisms of NCX1 regulating osteoclast differentiation using RNA sequencing, western blotting and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and found that NCX1 modulated osteoclast differentiation in MM though JNK/c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the Ca2+/NCX1-mediated signaling participates in the osteoclasts-myeloma cell interactions, which represents a promising target for future therapeutic intervention in MBD.
Offsets in the EPN station position time series resulting from antenna/radome changes: PCC type-dependent model analyses
Authors: Dawidowicz K. , Krzan G. , Wielgosz P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) currently consists of more than 300 evenly distributed continuously operating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference stations. As a result of the continuous modernization of GNSS systems, the equipment of reference stations is subject to changes and upgrades. Changes relating to GNSS receiver antenna replacement are considered the main reason for discontinuities noticed in station position time series. It is assumed that resulting offsets are primarily caused by changes in carrier phase multipath effects after antenna replacement. However, the observed position shifts may also indicate the deficiency in the antenna phase center corrections (PCC) models. In this paper, we identified and interpreted the coordinate shifts caused by antenna/radome changes at selected EPN stations. The main objective was to investigate the correlation between the offset occurrence and PCC model type (type mean, individual robot-derived, individual chamber-derived) as well as multipath changes after antenna replacement. For the study, GNSS data from 12 EPN stations covering the years 2017–2019 were analyzed. The results proved that the antenna replacement is critical in the context of station coordinates stability and, in most cases, results in visible shifts in the position component time series. For GPS-only solutions, the most stable results were achieved using robot-derived individual PCC models. On the other hand, in the case of GPS + Galileo processing, the most stable results were obtained using chamber-derived individual PCC models. Furthermore, discontinuities due to the antenna change were noticed in the position time series in 75% of GPS + Galileo solutions. On the other hand, multipath changes arising as the result of antenna replacement were responsible, depending on solution type, for 21–42% of variations in the coordinates.
Simulation study comparing analytical methods for single-item longitudinal patient-reported outcomes data
Authors: Calsavara Vinicius F. , Diniz Márcio A. , Tighiouart Mourad , Ganz Patricia A. , Henry N. Lynn , Hays Ron D. , Yothers Greg , Rogatko André 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Efficient analytical methods are necessary to make reproducible inferences on single-item longitudinal ordinal patient-reported outcome (PRO) data. A thorough simulation study was performed to compare the performance of the semiparametric probabilistic index models (PIM) with a longitudinal analysis using parametric cumulative logit mixed models (CLMM).

Methods
In the setting of a control and intervention arm, we compared the power of the PIM and CLMM to detect differences in PRO adverse event (AE) between these groups using several existing and novel summary scores of PROs. For each scenario, PRO data were simulated using copula multinomial models. Comparisons were also exemplified using clinical trial data.

Results
On average, CLMM provided substantially greater power than the PIM to detect differences in PRO-AEs between the groups when the baseline-adjusted method was used, and a small advantage in power when using the baseline symptom as a covariate.

Conclusion
Although the CLMM showed the best performance among analytical methods, it relies on assumptions difficult to verify and that might not be fulfilled in the real world, therefore our recommendation is the use of PIM models with baseline symptom as a covariate.
Applying quantified indicators in Central Asian science: can metrics improve the regional research performance?
Authors: Ovezmyradov Berdymyrat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuantified indicators are increasingly used for performance evaluations in the science sectors worldwide. However, relatively little information is available on the expanding use of research metrics in certain transition countries. Central Asia is a post-Soviet region where newly independent states achieved lower research performance relative to comparators in key indicators of productivity and integrity. The majority of the countries in this region showed an overall declining or stagnating research impact in the recent decade since 2008. This study discusses the implications of research metrics as applied to the transition countries based on the framework of ten principles of the Leiden Manifesto. They can guide Central Asian policymakers in creating systems for a more objective evaluation of research performance based on globally recognized indicators. Given the local conditions of authoritarianism and corruption, the broader use of transparent indicators in decision-making can help improve the positions of Central Asian science in international rankings.
A Closed-Form Equation for Capillary Pressure in Porous Media for All Wettabilities
Authors: Foroughi Sajjad , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA saturation–capillary pressure relationship is proposed that is applicable for all wettabilities, including mixed-wet and oil-wet or hydrophobic media. This formulation is more flexible than existing correlations that only match water-wet data, while also allowing saturation to be written as a closed-form function of capillary pressure: we can determine capillary pressure explicitly from saturation, and vice versa. We propose $$P_{{\text{c}}} = A + B\tan \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - \pi S_{e}^{C} } \right)\,{\text{for}}\,0 \le S_{{\text{e}}} \le 1,$$

P
c

=
A
+
B
tan

π
2

-
π

S

e

C

for

0
≤

S
e

≤
1
,

where $$S_{{\text{e}}}$$

S
e

is the normalized saturation. A indicates the wettability: $$A>0$$

A
>
0

is a water-wet medium, $$A<0$$

A
<
0

is hydrophobic while small A suggests mixed wettability. B represents the average curvature and pore-size distribution which can be much lower in mixed-wet compared to water-wet media with the same pore structure if the menisci are approximately minimal surfaces. C is an exponent that controls the inflection point in the capillary pressure and the asymptotic behaviour near end points. We match the model accurately to 29 datasets in the literature for water-wet, mixed-wet and hydrophobic media, including rocks, soils, bead and sand packs and fibrous materials with over four orders of magnitude difference in permeability and porosities from 20% to nearly 90%. We apply Leverett J-function scaling to make the expression for capillary pressure dimensionless and discuss the behaviour of analytical solutions for spontaneous imbibition.
On the Role of Roughness in the Indentation of Viscoelastic Solids
Authors: Putignano Carmine , Carbone Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA numerical boundary element methodology is employed to understand how fractality intervenes when a 1D rigid rough profile indents a linear viscoelastic half-plane. The focus is, in particular, on the viscoelastic dissipation and how this is influenced by the profile statistical parameters, namely, the mean square roughness $$h_{\rm rms}$$

h
rms

of the profile, the mean square slope $$m_{2}$$

m
2

and the Hurst exponent H. Our numerical investigation, properly supported by a dimensional analysis, reveals that, in the one-dimensional case under investigation, the leading role is played by $$h_{\rm rms}$$

h
rms

and, thus, mainly by the large scales of the rough spectrum. Clearly, on an experimental level, this implies that a simple measure of the roughness parameter $$h_{\rm rms}$$

h
rms

is sufficient to determine the viscoelastic dissipation.
Virtual classroom proficiency-based progression for robotic surgery training (VROBOT): a randomised, prospective, cross-over, effectiveness study
Authors: Nathan Arjun , Patel Sonam , Georgi Maria , Fricker Monty , Asif Aqua , Ng Alexander , Mullins William , Hang Man Kien , Light Alexander , Nathan Senthil , Francis Nader , Kelly John , Collins Justin , Sridhar Ashwin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRobotic surgery training has lacked evidence-based standardisation. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of adjunctive interactive virtual classroom training (VCT) in concordance with the self-directed Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS) curriculum. The virtual classroom is comprised of a studio with multiple audio–visual inputs to which participants can connect remotely via the BARCO weConnect platform. Eleven novice surgical trainees were randomly allocated to two training groups (A and B). In week 1, both groups completed a robotic skills induction. In week 2, Group A received training with the FRS curriculum and adjunctive VCT; Group B only received access to the FRS curriculum. In week 3, the groups received the alternate intervention. The primary outcome was measured using the validated robotic-objective structured assessment of technical skills (R-OSAT) at the end of week 2 (time-point 1) and 3 (time-point 2). All participants completed the training curriculum and were included in the final analyses. At time-point 1, Group A achieved a statistically significant greater mean proficiency score compared to Group B (44.80 vs 35.33 points, p = 0.006). At time-point 2, there was no significant difference in mean proficiency score in Group A from time-point 1. In contrast, Group B, who received further adjunctive VCT showed significant improvement in mean proficiency by 9.67 points from time-point 1 (95% CI 5.18–14.15, p = 0.003). VCT is an effective, accessible training adjunct to self-directed robotic skills training. With the steep learning curve in robotic surgery training, VCT offers interactive, expert-led learning and can increase training effectiveness and accessibility.
Robot Dialog System in the Context of Hospital Receptionist and its Demonstration
Authors: Hwang Eui Jun , Ahn Byeong Kyu , Lim Jong Yoon , Macdonald Bruce A. , Ahn Ho Seok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTask-oriented dialogue systems play an important role in human-robot interaction. Task-oriented dialogue systems help users achieve specific goals, and robots with systems are very effective in terms of reducing time and effort when replacing human workers. The conventional pipeline method, which has disadvantages such as a large amount of cost and time for development, has been applied to reception robots. For example, developers manually define responses that correspond to user input. Also, they use predefined robotic actions such as gestures and facial expressions. Recently, end-to-end learning of Recurrent Neural Networks is an attractive solution for the dialogue system. Based on the strengths of RNNs, we propose a social robot system in the context of hospital receptionists. We utilize Hybrid Code Network as an end-to-end dialogue system and extend it to select both response and gesture using RNN-based gesture selector. A user study is conducted comparing our proposed system with one of the existing methods, a rule-based approach. The empirical results show that the proposed method has an advantage in terms of dialog efficiency, which indicates how efficiently the user performed a given task with the help of a robot. In addition, there is no significant difference in experimental results between the proposed RNN based gesture selection and the rule-based gesture selection.
Sensitivity to Sample Size in the Context of the Empirical Law of Large Numbers: Comparing the Effectiveness of Three Approaches to Support Early Secondary School Students
Authors: Sommerhoff Daniel , Weixler Simon , Hamedinger Christina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA foundation for gathering and interpreting data is the empirical law of large numbers (eLLN). The eLLN has multiple aspects and can be regarded and used with multiple foci. However, it generally relates relative frequencies and probabilities or samples and the corresponding populations. Unfortunately, research has repeatedly revealed that students have problems with tasks including certain foci on the eLLN, particularly regarding their sensitivity to sample size when comparing smaller and larger samples.We first outline the eLLN with its central aspects and provide an overview of corresponding empirical findings. Subsequently, we use Stanovich’s (2018) framework of human processing in heuristics and biases tasks to (re-)interpret theoretical descriptions and prior empirical results to better understand and describe students’ problems with the eLLN. Subsequently, we present three main approaches to support students derived from prior research: A static-contrast approach, a dynamic approach, and a boundary-example approach.As currently no systematic and comparative evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of these approaches, we conducted a quasi-experimental intervention study (N = 256, 6th grade) which empirically compared three implementations of these approaches to a control group. Results underline significant positive short-term effects of each approach. However, the boundary-example intervention showed the highest pre-post effect, the only significant long-term effect, and also effectively reduced the common equal-ratio bias.Results are promising from a research perspective, as Stanovich’s framework proved very helpful and is a promising foundation for future research, and from an educational perspective, as the boundary-example approach is lightweight and easy to implement in classrooms.
The Relation Between Environment and Psychological Development: Unpacking Vygotsky’s Influential Concept of Perezhivanie
Authors: Cong-Lem Ngo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (VST) has become particularly influential in the fields of education and educational psychology. Perezhivanie is an important concept in VST that stipulates a relative influence of environment on a person’s psychological development depending on their age or stage of development. However, perezhivanie has been differentially interpreted and applied in previous literature to suit the purposes of domain-specific research. The lack of a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the concept can undermine research findings and their implications for educational practices. Drawing on a content analysis of Vygotsky’s key texts on perezhivanie, this paper provides a much-needed theoretical discussion that unpacks comprehensively the theoretical content of perezhivanie and the methodological principles guiding its application. The findings revealed that conceptually, perezhivanie can be defined as: (a) a theoretical relation between an individual and their environment, (b) an abstract experience of or attitude towards a life situation and (c) a concrete lived experience of an event within that situation. Four major discernible components of an individual’s perezhivanie include the environmental factor, personal characteristics mobilised, refraction prism and psychological influences. Five key methodological principles were conceived to assist the employment of perezhivanie in educational/psychological research: (1) utilising a perezhivanie as a unit of analysis, (2) analysing perezhivanie at different levels, (3) accounting for the perspective of the individual involved, (4) constructing the refraction prism and (5) determining the major personal characteristics mobilised in the perezhivanie. Implications for educational and research practices are then discussed.