bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of vaccine status with characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients in the booster era
Authors: Freund Ophir , Tau Luba , Weiss Tali Epstein , Zornitzki Lior , Frydman Shir , Jacob Giris , Bornstein Gil 
Published: May 2022

Background
The resurgence of COVID-19 cases since June 2021, referred to as the fourth COVID-19 wave, has led to the approval and administration of booster vaccines. Our study aims to identify any associations between vaccine status with the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 disease.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all COVID-19 patients admitted to a large tertiary center between July 25 and October 25, 2021 (fourth wave in Israel). Univariant and multivariant analyses of variables associated with vaccine status were performed.

Findings
Overall, 349 patients with severe or critical disease were included. Patients were either not vaccinated (58%), had the first two vaccine doses (35%) or had the booster vaccine (7%). Vaccinated patients were significantly older, male predominant, and with a higher number of comorbidities including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, immunodeficient state, kidney disease and cognitive decline. Time from the first symptom to hospital admission was longer among non-vaccinated patients (7.2 ± 4.4 days, p = 0.002). Critical disease (p<0.05), admissions to the intensive care unit (p = 0.01) and advanced oxygen support (p = 0.004) were inversely proportional to the number of vaccines given, lowest among the booster vaccine group. Death (20%, p = 0.83) and hospital stay duration (8.05± 8.47, p = 0.19) were similar between the groups.

Conclusion
Hospitalized vaccinated patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher rates of most known risk factors for COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Still, all disease outcomes were similar or better compared with the non-vaccinated patients.
Living kidney donation in a developing country
Authors: Dayal Chandni , Davies Malcolm , Diana Nina Elisabeth , Meyers Anthony 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLiving kidney donation has been advocated as a means to ameliorate the chronic shortage of organs for transplantation. Significant rates of comorbidity and familial risk for kidney disease may limit this approach in the local context; there is currently limited data describing living donation in Africa.MethodsWe assessed reasons for non-donation and outcomes following donation in a cohort of 1208 ethnically diverse potential living donors evaluated over a 32-year period at a single transplant centre in South Africa.ResultsMedical contraindications were the commonest reason for donor exclusion. Black donors were more frequently excluded (52.1% vs. 39.3%; p<0.001), particularly for medical contraindications (44% vs. 35%; p<0.001); 298 donors proceeded to donor nephrectomy (24.7%). Although no donor required kidney replacement therapy, an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2was recorded in 27% of donors at a median follow-up of 3.7 years, new onset albuminuria >300 mg/day was observed in 4%, and 12.8% developed new-onset hypertension. Black ethnicity was not associated with an increased risk of adverse post-donation outcomes.ConclusionThis study highlights the difficulties of pursuing live donation in a population with significant medical comorbidity, but provides reassurance of the safety of the procedure in carefully selected donors in the developing world.
Is early childhood development impeded by the birth timing of the younger sibling?
Authors: Dhamrait Gursimran , O’Donnell Melissa , Christian Hayley , Pereira Gavin 
Published: May 2022

Background
This study investigated whether the timing of birth of the younger siblings was associated with the risk of the older siblings’ developmental vulnerability in early childhood.

Methods
Linkage of population-level birth registration, hospital, and perinatal datasets to Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) records (2009–2015), enabled follow-up of a cohort of 32,324 Western Australia born singletons. Children with scores <10th percentile on an individual AEDC domain (Physical Health and Wellbeing; Social Competence; Emotional Maturity; Language and Cognitive Skills (school-based); and Communication Skills and General Knowledge) were classified as developmentally vulnerable. Modified Poisson Regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) for associations between post-birth interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and developmental vulnerability.

Results
Relative to post-birth IPIs of 18–23 months, post-birth IPIs of <6 and 6–11 months were associated with an increased risk of children being classified as DV1 (aRR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11–1.31) and DV2 (aRR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15–1.49); and DV1 (aRR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17) and DV2 (aRR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34), respectively. Post-birth IPIs of <6 months were associated with an increased risk on four of the five AEDC domains. Post-birth IPIs of 48–60 months were associated with an increased risk of developmental vulnerability; however, the risk was statistically significant for DV1, DV2 and the domains of Emotional Maturity and Language and Cognitive Skills (school-based).

Conclusions
Developmental vulnerability was associated with having a closely spaced younger sibling (<12 months post-birth IPIs). Optimising birth spacing should be further investigated as a potential means for improving child development outcomes.
Global Entanglements of a Man Who Never Traveled: A Seventeenth-Century Chinese Christian and His Conflicted Worlds, Dominic Sachsenmaier (2020)
Authors: Joby Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Review of: Global Entanglements of a Man Who Never Traveled: A Seventeenth-Century Chinese Christian and His Conflicted Worlds, Dominic Sachsenmaier (2020)
New York: Columbia University Press, 268 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-23118-753-4, p/bk, $26.00
The Portuguese at War: From the Nineteenth Century to the Present Day, Nuno Severiano Teixeira (2019–20)
Authors: Serrado Joana 
Published: May 2022

Review of: The Portuguese at War: From the Nineteenth Century to the Present Day, Nuno Severiano Teixeira (2019–20)
Sussex: Sussex Academic, 272 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-84519-993-7, h/bk, £65.00
ISBN 978-1-78976-057-6, p/bk, £29.95
The Retornados from the Portuguese Colonies in Africa: Memory, Narrative, and History, Elsa Peralta (ed.) (2022)
Authors: Green Joe 
Published: May 2022

Review of: The Retornados from the Portuguese Colonies in Africa: Memory, Narrative, and History, Elsa Peralta (ed.) (2022)
London: Routledge, 442 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36770-399-8, h/bk, £120.00
ISBN 978-1-00314-615-5, e-book, £33.29
Rozumowanie dedukcyjne w procesie uczenia się języka niemieckiego jako drugiego języka obcego na przykładzie podsystemu gramatycznego
Authors: Bawej Izabela 
Published: May 2022

The role of the first foreign language in second foreign language learning is an interesting research question.
The main purpose of the research was to relate if and how the learners make deductions about German grammar based on English language skills. Therefore, this study presents the results of a survey conducted among students of Applied Linguistics who learn German after English. Participants were interviewed to state their opinion about the usefulness of English in learning German structures. The results of this inquiry allow the conclusions that learners use and transfer the previously acquired knowledge and information from what they have in first foreign language in order to understand, learn or form structures in the second foreign language. They compare both languages, look for similarities in the creation of the construction and the application of the structures or constructions, conclude by analogies between English and German in grammatical subsystem. In this way they deduce that English makes possible and facilitates to memorize grammatical forms while learning German, e.g. passive voice, articles, tenses, irregular verbs, comparative and superlative adjectives.
Hypoxia ameliorates maternal diet‐induced insulin resistance during pregnancy while having a detrimental effect on the placenta
Authors: Sissala Niina , Myllymäki Elisa , Mohr Florian , Halmetoja Riikka , Kuvaja Paula , Dimova Elitsa Y. , Koivunen Peppi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaternal overweight/obesity contributes significantly to the development of gestational diabetes, which causes risks to both mother and fetus and is increasing sharply in prevalence worldwide. Since hypoxia reprograms energy metabolism and can alleviate weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, we set out to study the potential of sustained reduced ambient oxygen tension (15% O2) during pregnancy for alleviating the detrimental effects of diet‐induced IR in C57Bl/6N mice, taking normal chow‐fed and normoxia (21% O2) groups as controls. Our data show that hypoxic intervention reduced maternal weight gain, adiposity, and adipose tissue inflammation, and ameliorated maternal glucose metabolism and IR during gestation in diet‐induced IR relative to normoxia. Where diet‐induced IR reduced maternal hemoglobin and increased serum erythropoietin levels, hypoxic intervention compensated for these changes. Diet‐induced IR reduced fetal growth in normoxia, and even more in hypoxia. Hypoxic intervention reduced liver weight gain during pregnancy in the dams with diet‐induced IR, maternal liver weight being positively associated with embryo number. In case of diet‐induced IR, the hypoxic intervention compromised placental energy metabolism and vascularization and increased end‐pregnancy placental necrosis. Altogether, these data show that although hypoxic intervention mediates several beneficial effects on maternal metabolism, the combination of it with diet‐induced IR is even more detrimental to the placental and fetal outcome than diet‐induced IR alone.
Broadcasting the skeptron: the upset of sociolinguistic closure in Swedish public service television
Authors: Salö Linus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article explores upset reactions to purportedly deviant language use in the newsroom of the Swedish public service television company SVT. Adopting a historical gaze to contemporary struggles, it focuses on the news anchor Dina Haddad (an alias selected by me for the sake of anonymity) and the injurious, bigoted complaints she receives from detractors by virtue of speaking Swedish with a foreign accent. Through historical contextualization, the article casts Swedish public service television as a system of sociolinguistic closure, sustained through individual and institutional efforts of correction. Conceptually, it invokes the image of the skeptron to illustrate how linguistic authority is exerted through an interplay between delegators and holders. Against this backdrop, drawing on interview data and a selection of scornful emails, Haddad’s broadcast appearance is grasped as indexing the symbolic recognition of unsolicited change. Her foreign accent is perceived as revealing the countervailing upset of sociolinguistic closure, sanctioned by the establishment. For detractors, this is at once a critique against the skeptron-delegator, SVT, and the skeptron-bearer, Haddad. While the verbal attacks she receives are more about social change than language per se, I argue that the efficacy of producing linguistic complaints pertains to SVT’s historical role in sustaining doctrines of correctness.
Media panic, medical discourse and the smartphone
Authors: Madsen Lian Malai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article investigates a space of upset related to the smartphone with its communicative affordances and implications. The notion of moral panic can be seen as a way of conceptualizing spaces of upset and their discursive frames. Informed by this concept and accounts of the panic discourses particularly directed at media, I examine the upset articulated in Danish media panic discourses, which grants authority from a medical perspective. In addition, I draw on the concept of medicalization and discuss how it becomes sayable within the space of upset related to digitally mediated communication that human interaction through a technological device is not (always) communication, but habit or addiction, to unpack the socio-cultural and sociolinguistic assumptions and implications of this perspective. Empirically, the article focuses on a particularly preeminent voice in the public debate in Denmark about the impact of social media and smartphone use, namely the voice of a medical doctor who has been granted the authority as “digital health expert” and frequently appears in Danish print, broadcast and social media.
Introduction: spaces of upset in the Nordic region
Authors: Salö Linus , Karlander David , Leppänen Sirpa , Westinen Elina , Spindler Møller Janus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This introductory article opens the thematic issue Spaces of Upset in the Nordic Region. It introduces the contributions of the issue, outlines the concepts that unite them, and discusses the sociolinguistic area in which they are set: the Nordic region. Centering on Denmark, Finland and Sweden, the article offers an overview of some of the sociolinguistic, ideological and political characteristics of the region and the countries it comprises. The Nordic region is widely seen as a paradigm case of social stability, consensus and cohesion. This vision is, however, a mirage. To be sure, upset often lingers below the discursive veneer of Nordic harmony, concord and agreement. Breaking with this outlook, this thematic issue takes a closer look at some of the antipodes of this sociolinguistic and ideological condition. Its contributions engage with ‘spaces of upset’, that is, with manifestations and experiences of sociolinguistic rupture, upheaval or change, in and through which visions of sociolinguistic stability and cohesion are disrupted and challenged. These spaces of upset bear witness to social, ideological and linguistic tensions and changes, be they incipient, enduring or surpassed. They accordingly provide a new take on processes of continuity and change, pointing out the ideological faultlines of the orders they disrupt, or upset.
Illocutionary-act-type sensitivity and discursive sequence: An examination of quotation
Authors: Oishi Etsuko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present paper develops the concept of discourse within Austin’s original speech act theory as laid out in Austin, J. L., [1962]1975 How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press, and provides a model to explain illocutionary acts in discourse. In uttering something, a speaker performs an illocutionary act and imports its conventional effect into the discourse, in which the next speaker (the hearer in the preceding turn) performs an illocutionary act and brings about its effect, and the sequenced effects develop the discourse. Both the content of an utterance imported into the discourse as the illocutionary effect and the discursive sequence that the utterance creates are sensitive to the illocutionary-act-type that it performs. Quotation is examined from this perspective, and it is claimed that a speaker indicates a locution by means of quotation marks while performing an illocutionary act. The speaker (i) performs an illocutionary act pertaining to the locution, (ii) reports an illocutionary (or perlocutionary) act in another discourse by means of the locution by which the act was performed (or a part of it), or (iii) indicates a part of the locution of the present utterance, and thus signals a special sense or referent, or importance. Depending on the type of illocutionary act, the quoted material is imported into the discourse in a specific way.
Moorean utterances and the illocutionary dynamics of assertion
Authors: Labinaz Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to show, in the light of an Austin-inspired speech-act theoretical framework, that there is a fundamental difference in the absurdity that occurs when one utters either the belief or the knowledge version of Moorean sentences (whose linguistic form amounts to “p, but I don’t believe/know thatp”) and that this difference lies in the kind of speech act norms that their utterance overtly violates. To do so, I will consider the conversational patterns in which the two versions might emerge and, in particular, what linguistic reactions they might elicit in the audience. I will show that, while it is possible to imagine conversational patterns in which someone asserts something and also says that she cannot believe it to be true (although they seem to occur very rarely), the same cannot be said for the knowledge version. I shall argue that while in both cases, a speech act norm appears to be overtly violated, these violations regard different kinds of speech act norms, and thereby result in two different kinds of absurdity.
Raman pumps power distribution optimization for maximum overall gain and flatness of a hybrid SOA/EDFA/Raman optical amplifier
Authors: Kaur Ajaybeer , Bhamrah Manjit Singh , Atieh Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) is designed and optimized for the transmission of 40 dense wavelength division multiplexed system (DWDM) channels modulated at 10 Gbps having 25 GHz spacing at the edge of the L and U wavelength bands over more than 250 km. Multi-parameter optimization process is used to achieve the highest gain and best gain flatness. Different power combinations distributed among four lasers of a total forward pumping power (1270 mW) and total backward pumping power of either 730 mW or 850 mW are investigated for their effect on the hybrid amplifier gain and flatness. The best power distribution among the pumps provides about 31 dB overall gain with a flatness about 0.8 dB and noise figure ∼5.7 dB. It is found that the red-shifted pumps’ wavelengths should be used in the forward direction, while the blue-shifted pumps’ wavelengths should be used in the backward direction.
Ectopic parathyroid hormone as a rare aetiology of hypercalcemia with rhabdomyosarcoma: a new treatment strategy with zoledronic acid and Denosumab
Authors: Kilci Fatih , Demirsoy Uğur , Jones Jeremy Huw , Çakır Özgür , Çizmecioğlu-Jones Filiz Mine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Ectopic parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is rare in children with rhabdomyosarcoma, and only a few pediatric cases have been reported to date. Reports of the use of zoledronic acid (ZA) and Denosumab are limited for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) in the pediatric population. The aim of presenting this pediatric case of rhabdomyosarcoma accompanied by HCM, secondary to ectopic PTH secretion, was to highlight the benefits of ZA as a first-choice bisphosphonate in this situation with Denosumab as an alternative therapy.

Case presentation
The patient was diagnosed at 13 years with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Multiple bone metastases first appeared at 15 years, but he remained normocalcemic until 17 years old when serum calcium was 15.1 mg/dL and PTH 249 pg/mL. While serum calcium responded well after ZA and Denosumab cycles, PTH remained elevated, reaching a peak value of 1851 pg/mL during treatment cycles.

Conclusions
We report a patient with rhabdomyosarcoma accompanied by HCM, secondary to ectopic PTH, in whom the HCM was successfully managed with ZA and Denosumab. We believe that ZA should be the bisphosphonate of choice in pediatric HCM with rhabdomyosarcoma, while Denosumab may be another option in ZA-refractory cases.
A Note on the Platonist Boethus: In Light of New Evidence from the Syriac Tradition
Authors: Ge Tianqin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article re-examines the identity and chronology of the lexicographer Boethus, by analyzing three pieces of evidence. It is argued that the lexicographer Boethus is a Middle Platonist flourishing in the late first or early second century, who believed in the transmigration of souls and was engaged in exegesis of Plato. In particular, this article draws attention to a testimony on Boethus from a newly discovered treatise preserved in Syriac, which is identified as Porphyry’s On Principles and Matter.
Criterial V2: ModP as a Locus of Microvariation in Swiss Romansh Varieties
Authors: Samo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore how cartographic maps interact with a concept of parameters in terms of syntactic operations triggered by morphosyntactic features in the spirit of Rizzi (2017. On the format and locus of parameters: The role of morphosyntactic features.Linguistic Analysis41. 159–191). Adopting the guidelines of a criterial approach to verb second, in which the inflected verb creates a Spec-Head configuration (verb adjacency) with the highest activated criterial head in the syntactic architecture, we discuss microparametric variation among Swiss Romansh varieties concerning the activation of ModP, a dedicated criterial position for “highlighted” adverbials (Rizzi 2004. Locality and left periphery. In Adriana Belletti (ed.),Structures and beyond [the Cartography of syntactic structures], Vol. 3, 223–251. Oxford: Oxford University Press) within the left periphery of the clause.
The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer
Authors: Russell Ryan C , Guan Kun‐Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutophagy is a cellular degradative pathway that plays diverse roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Cellular stress caused by starvation, organelle damage, or proteotoxic aggregates can increase autophagy, which uses the degradative capacity of lysosomal enzymes to mitigate intracellular stresses. Early studies have shown a role for autophagy in the suppression of tumorigenesis. However, work in genetically engineered mouse models and in vitro cell studies have now shown that autophagy can be either cancer‐promoting or inhibiting. Here, we summarize the effects of autophagy on cancer initiation, progression, immune infiltration, and metabolism. We also discuss the efforts to pharmacologically target autophagy in the clinic and highlight future areas for exploration.
Dry and Wet Lubrication Analysis for Multi-Material Hip Assembly
Authors: Ravikant  , Vinod Kumar Mittal  , Dr. Vikas Gupta  
Published: May 2022

Hip joint repair/replacement is one of the most thriving orthopedic surgical procedures in the human body. The group of patients undergoing hip replacement considerably includes young and physically active persons with varying movements thus requiring longer product life and ease of maintenance. Perfect lubrication in hip assembly ensures a low wear rate and better product life. The present work focuses on dry and wet lubrication analysis of complete implant assembly instead of an individual part. The assembly consists of a stem, head, liner and cup, each made of different materials like a ceramic femoral head mounted over a metallic femoral stem with a polyethylene liner and a metallic acetabular cup. In this work, eight metal-materials are considered for stem/cup, three ceramic materials for the head and two polyethylene materials for the liner. The combinations of these materials are evaluated for various mechanical parameters. Dry (µ = 0.13) and wet (µ = 0.05) lubricating conditions between the liner and femoral head have been considered and their effects on the head, liner and cup have been evaluated for the optimization of Hip joint design. Fifty percent of re-surgery cases arise because of excessive wear out resulting in aseptic loosening of the femoral head and liner interface. Femoral head of size 28 mm diameter with 2 mm thick liner and 3 mm thick acetabular cup are modeled and are analyzed for axial pay load of 2.3 kN. The maximum von mises stress and total deformation for various material combinations of implant assembly have been compared to select the most suitable one for the arthroplasty implantation. The combination of CoCrMo – Ceramics – HXLPE – CoCrMo demonstrates minimum stress and deformation for all three parts i.e. femoral head, liner and acetabular cup under present loading and boundary conditions. ZTA is emerged as the preferred ceramic material for femoral head having a higher compressive strength.