bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of building and maintaining rapport on cooperative mock eyewitness recall
Authors: Wolfs Andrea C. F. , Sneyd Danielle , Vallano Jonathan P. , Schreiber Compo Nadja , Reinoso Leanett 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough building rapport before an investigative interview is recommended—and sometimes empirically beneficial—to eyewitness memory, no research has experimentally examined the effects of maintaining rapport during a witness interview on adult eyewitness recall. As a result, the present study assessed the impact of rapport on eyewitness recall accuracy by comparing a pre‐interview rapport only condition with a maintained rapport condition (where rapport was built before and maintained during the interview) and a no rapport control condition. Results revealed no benefits (or detriments) of building initial rapport—or any additional benefits of maintaining rapport—on witness recall quality, quantity, or ‘don't know’ responses. Our findings suggest that rapport or its maintenance may not directly affect eyewitness recall. However, as rapport is a humane eyewitness interviewing technique with some empirical support, we still advocate for its continued use.
Water Specific MRI T1 Mapping for Evaluating Liver Inflammation Activity Grades in Rats With Methionine‐Choline‐Deficient Diet‐Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Wan Qian , Peng Hao , Lyu Jianxun , Liu Feng , Cheng Chuanli , Qiao Yangzi , Deng Jie , Zheng Hairong , Wang Yi , Zou Chao , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundEarly detection and grading of liver inflammation are important for the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. There is still lack of a noninvasive way for the inflammation characterization in NAFLD.PurposeTo assess liver inflammation grades by water specific T1 (wT1) in a rat model.Study TypeProspective.Animal modelA total of 65 male rats with methionine‐choline‐deficient diet‐induced NAFLD and 15 male normal rats as control.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; multiecho variable flip angle gradient echo sequence.AssessmentThe wT1 and proton density fat fraction were quantified. Inflammation and fibrosis were assessed histologically with H&E and Sirius red stained slices according to the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis scoring system. Inflammation grade was scored with G0/G1/G2/G3 as none/mild/moderate/severe inflammation in NALFD rats. G0 + G1 and G2 + G3 were combined as none‐to‐mild grade (GL) and moderate‐to‐severe grade (GH) inflammation groups.Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed. The areas under ROC (AUROC) was used for the diagnostic performance of wT1 in discriminating GH and GL. A P value < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSeventy‐six rats were included in the analysis. The numbers in G0–G3 groups were 5, 16, 13, and 27. wT1 of G0–G3 was 568.55 ± 63.93 msec, 582.53 ± 62.98 msec, 521.21 ± 67.31 msec, and 508.79 ± 60.53 msec. A moderate but significant negative correlation between wT1 and histopathological inflammation grades was observed (rs = −0.42). The wT1 of GH (512.80 ± 62.22 msec) was significantly lower than GL (579.20 ± 61.89 msec). The AUROC of wT1 was 0.79, and the optimal cut‐off of wT1 was 562.64 msec (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 76%), for the discrimination of GL and GH.Data ConclusionswT1 could differentiate none‐to‐mild inflammation from moderate‐to‐severe inflammation in the early stage of the NAFLD rat model.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Association of viral load with age, gender, disease severity, and death in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants
Authors: Acer Ömer , Genç Bahçe Yasemin , Özüdoğru Osman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, the relationship between viral load, demographic characteristics, and disease information in 1007 (48.5%) patients with Delta variant (B.1.617.2), and 1070 (51.5%) patients with Alpha variant (B1.1.7) were investigated. We found that there was a significant difference in viral load between patients who died from the Alpha variant and those who were discharged (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in patients with the Delta variant. The viral load in patients who died from the Alpha variant was significantly higher than those who were discharged (p < 0.05). The viral load was found to be higher in females in patients with the Delta variant, whereas it was very close in males and females in patients with the Alpha variant (p > 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the cycle threshold values (Ct) and disease severity. In terms of the mean Ct values, statistical differences were observed in patients with Delta and Alpha variants. The Alpha variant was found to have a higher viral load than the Delta variant. Furthermore, the Delta variant was found to be higher in the 40‐year‐old and under‐age group than the Alpha variant, whereas the Alpha variant was higher in the groups over 40 years old. Although the rate of moderate and severe patients in the Alpha variant was found to be higher, the rate of mild survivors was found to be higher in the Delta variant. In conclusion, the increase in vaccination before the appearance of the Delta variant in our region may have influenced the viral load and clinical status of the patients.
Spatiotemporally varied extreme precipitation events simultaneously controlled by multiple circulation factors in China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Ren Yuling , Zhang Jingpeng , Fu Jinxia , Peng Shouzhang , Li Zhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe intensive and frequent extreme precipitation events (EPE) greatly contribute to the severe soil loss in China's Loess Plateau, and it is thus essential to understand how and why EPE varies with space and time. Particularly, the combined influence of multiple factors on EPE has rarely been explored. This study analysed the spatiotemporal variability of EPE for 1961–2017 after defining six indices for intensity, frequency, and duration of EPE (R5d, SDII, R90t, R90n, CDD, CWD). We employed 12 atmospheric circulation factors to determine their combined effects on EPE on different time scales over time by the multiple wavelet coherence. The EPE indices spatially varied with obvious southeast‐northwest gradients. Averaged across the whole plateau, SDII, R90t, and R90n increased insignificantly, while R5d, CDD, and CWD decreased insignificantly. In addition, the change trend had spatial variations with most wet EPE indices increasing in the north and the southernmost areas and decreasing in the middle‐south areas. SDII, R90t, and R90n at 68%, 66%, and 53% of stations tended to increase, respectively, and R5d, CDD, and CWD decreased at 66%, 70%, and 77% of stations, respectively. The temperature had a greater correlation with the duration of EPE in summer and on the intensity and frequency of EPE in winter. El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific North American teleconnection pattern (PNA), ENSO‐Arctic Oscillation (AO), and ENSO‐AO‐PNA were found to be the main factors influencing EPE individually or simultaneously. This study provides technical support for the identification of combined effects of multiple factors, and the results are helpful for regional environmental management. Specific to the Loess Plateau, the identified individual or multiple factors can be used to project future changes in EPE, and the more frequent and intensive EPE in some regions may increase the difficulty in future soil loss control.
Atypical triceps surae force and work patterns underlying gait in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ebrahimi Anahid , Schwartz Michael H. , Martin Jack A. , Novacheck Tom F. , Thelen Darryl G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess Achilles tendon mechanical behavior during gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We used a newly designed noninvasive sensor to measure Achilles tendon force in 11 children with CP (4F, 8–16 years old) and 15 typically developing children (controls) (9F, 8–17 years old) during overground walking. Mechanical work loop plots (force‐displacement plots) were generated by combining muscle‐tendon kinetics, kinematics, and EMG activity to evaluate the Achilles tendon work generated about the ankle. Work loop patterns in children with CP were substantially different than those seen in controls. Notably, children with CP showed significantly diminished work production at their preferred speed compared to controls at their preferred speed and slower speeds. Despite testing a heterogeneous population of children with CP, we observed a homogenous spring‐like muscle‐tendon behavior in these participants. This is in contrast with control participants who used their plantar flexors like a motor during gait. Statement of Clinical Significance: These data demonstrate the potential for using skin‐mounted sensors to objectively evaluate muscle contributions to work production in pathological gait.
In Situ Polymerization and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Bio‐Based Nitrogen and Phosphorus Macromolecular Flame Retardant in Plywood
Authors: Yang Guochao , Zhang Qiuhui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo improve the flame retardant performance of plywood and reduce the reagent loss and moisture absorption of the flame retardant, a bio‐based supramolecular flame retardant is prepared by vacuum‐pressure impregnation and high‐temperature in situ polymerization in plywood. The best value of bonding strength appears at 170 °C, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 170BF‐B plywood is 42.3%. After hot pressing, the moisture absorption rate of the 170BF‐B veneer is only 18.51%, while the loss resistance rate achieves 83.45%. Its residue at 700 °C is 91.36% higher than that of poplar veneer. In the combustion process, the peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) and heat release rate (HRR) of 170BF‐B plywood are only 10.69% and 37.11% of that of untreated plywood. After combustion, an intumescent flame retardant layer exhibits a graphitization trend. In the flame retardant layer, there are not only functional groups, such as P═O, PO43−, POC decomposed by flame retardant but also characteristic functional groups of wood fiber, like C═O, CH, etc. The prepolymer BF‐B, which is composed of phytic acid, urea, and dicyandiamide polymerized with chitosan or lignocellulose to form a supramolecular flame retardant connected with POC and PON functional groups, thus improving the flame retardant and anti‐loss property by in situ polymerization.
A nonsense mutation inMMEgene associates with autosomal recessive late‐onsetCharcot–Marie–Toothdisease
Authors: Jamiri Zeinab , Khosravi Rana , Heidari Mohammad Mehdi , Kiani Ebrahim , Gharechahi Javad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic cause for the majority of patients with late‐onset axonal form of neuropathies have remained unknown. In this study we aimed to identify the causal mutation in a family with multiple affected individuals manifesting a range of phenotypic features consistent with late‐onset sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy.MethodsWhole exome sequencing (WES) followed by targeted variant screening and prioritization was performed to identify the candidate mutation. The co‐segregation of the mutation with the phenotype was confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe identified a nonsense mutation (c.1564C>T; p.Q522*) in membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) gene as the cause of the disease condition. The mutation has a combined annotation‐ dependent depletion (CADD) score 45 and predicted to be deleterious based on various algorithms. The mutation was inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and further confirmed to co‐segregate with the disease phenotype in the family and showed to has the required criteria including rarity and deleteriousness to be considered as pathogenic.ConclusionTheMMEgene encodes for the membrane bound endopeptidase neprilysin (NEP) which is involved in processing of various peptide substrates. The identified mutation causes a complete loss of carboxy‐terminal region of the NEP protein which contains the zinc binding site and the catalytic domain and thus considered to be a loss‐of‐function mutation. The loss of NEP activity is likely associated with impaired myelination and axonal injury which is hallmark of CMT diseases.
Technical note: Sources of systemic error in total body irradiation and total skin electron therapy in vivo measurements using nanoDot optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters within high‐efficiency clinics
Authors: Yoon Suk Whan , Lin Hui , Mihailidis Dimitris , Kennedy Christopher , Li Taoran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo identify sources of systemic errors and estimate their effects, especially the vendor‐provided sensitivity Ss,i,vendor, on total body irradiation (TBI) and total skin electron therapy (TSET) in vivo OSLD measurements.MaterialsCalibration nanoDot OSLDs were irradiated 50–300cGy under reference conditions. Raw OSLD readings Mraw were corrected by Ss,i,vendor to obtain corrected readings Mcorr. A quadratic calibration curve relating Mcorr to delivered dose Dw was established and commissioned for clinical use. For clinical measurements, directly adjacent pairs of nanoDot OSLDs were placed on TBI and TSET patients with a medical tape with or without 1.5 cm of bolus respectively before treatment. Used OSLDs were bleached between each use until cumulative dose of 15 Gy. Relative difference in corrected counts (∆Mcorr,rel = pair‐difference/mean) was fitted multi‐linearly versus possible sources of systemic errors (Ss,i,vendor, bleaching history, cumulative dose, and age differences). Total of 101 TBI and 110 TSET measurement pairs from calibrated batches were analyzed.ResultsSs,i,vendor introduced a residual systemic error to corrected readings Mcorr (−0.98% per +0.01, p = 4e−12). Given Ss,i,vendor distribution is σ = ±0.025, measured dose 1−σ error is ±2.5%, compared to ±2.8% uncertainty reported in the literature which may include this systemic error. Bleaching or cumulative dose did not affect Mcorr significantly after adjusting for Ss,i,vendor. Adjusting for the systemic error in Ss,i,vendor decreased two‐sample mean Dw median absolute error from ±2.6% to ±1.9% and 95‐percentile absolute error from ±7.1% to ±5.5%. Variability between paired clinical OSLDs was larger for TBI versus TSET at σpd = ±4.7% and ±6.3%, respectively, despite similar predictor distributions.ConclusionOur findings suggest that Mraw correction via vendor‐provided sensitivity results in a small but significant systemic error. Dosimeters with outlier sensitivities should be excluded during batch calibration to minimize error. Bleaching and cumulative dose likely minimally affect measurements if cumulative dose is controlled below 15 Gy. Random errors were higher for TSET than TBI.
The neuromuscular fellowship portal and match
Authors: London Zachary N. , Gable Karissa L. , Govindarajan Ragav , Guidon Amanda C. , Gwathmey Kelly G. , Hehir Michael K. , Imperioli Matthew , Laughlin Ruple S. , Price Raymond S. , Sakamuri Sarada , Sokol Jacob , Baer Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor many years, Neuromuscular Medicine programs lacked a standardized means of handling fellowship applications and offering positions. Programs interviewed applicants and made offers as early as the first half of Post Graduate Year 3 (PGY3), a suboptimal timeline for applicants who may have had little prior exposure to neuromuscular or electrodiagnostic medicine. In 2021, the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM) developed the Neuromuscular Fellowship Portal to standardize a later timeline and establish a process for fellowship applications and offers. In its first year, the Neuromuscular Fellowship Portal used a unique one‐way match, in which the portal released serial offers to applicants based on rank order lists submitted by programs. Fifty‐two Neuromuscular Medicine programs and seven electromyography (EMG)‐focused Clinical Neurophysiology programs participated. Sixty‐eight positions were filled, a similar number to previous years. A survey of fellowship directors and applicants following this process showed overwhelming support for the standardized timeline and application portal, but all program directors and most applicants favored moving to a traditional match. To maintain the existing application timeline and minimize costs for all parties, the AANEM Neuromuscular Fellowship Portal will host a two‐way match, based on existing commercial match algorithms, in 2022. A match will afford a fair and efficient process for all involved. Both Neuromuscular Medicine and EMG‐focused Clinical Neurophysiology programs will be encouraged to participate. The process undertaken by the AANEM can stand as an example for other neurologic subspecialties who are interested in standardizing their application timeline.
A Fish Out of Basin: Increased Stress Physiology and Reduced Performance of Salmon River Hatchery Chinook Salmon
Authors: Ebel Jonathan D. , Larsen Donald A. , Conley Keats R. , Middleton Mollie A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Variation in rearing conditions across hatcheries and basins can affect the performance of hatchery salmonids in the wild. In 2008, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes began planning an out-of-basin hatchery facility on the eastern Snake River Plain for rearing threatened Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for release in tributaries of the upper Salmon River, Idaho, USA. To help determine the viability of the planned out-of-basin hatchery, we reared 100,000 juvenile Chinook Salmon from the same genetic stock at one in-basin (Sawtooth Fish Hatchery on the Salmon River) and one out-of-basin (Springfield Fish Hatchery on the Snake River Plain) site in Idaho that are characterized by significant differences in water hardness and temperature regime. In October 2018 and April 2019, we tested whether fish condition, stress physiology, acute mortality, and downstream survival differed between the two groups at the parr and smolt life stages upon release in the Yankee Fork Salmon River, which is characterized by low water hardness. For both release groups, parr experienced low acute mortality during the 48 h after release; however, the out-of-basin group had a downstream survival rate through an unimpounded portion of the migration corridor that was an order of magnitude lower than that for the in-basin group. During the smolt release, the out-of-basin group showed signs of extreme physiological stress, acute mortality rates of 40–80%, and low survival in the unimpounded portion of the migratory corridor. The in-basin group recovered from the stress of transport and release, had no acute mortality, and survived through the unimpounded migratory corridor at a rate comparable to that of previous years’ releases. Based on the results of this comparative study, comanagers are evaluating alternatives to the proposed out-of-basin hatchery program. This case study highlights the effects of differences between rearing and release conditions on salmon physiology and survival as well as the value of conducting preliminary evaluations prior to implementing large-scale hatchery supplementation programs.
Chinese patients with p.Arg756 mutations of ATP1A3: Clinical manifestations, treatment, and follow‐up
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Li Jiuwei , Zhuo Xiuwei , Zhou Ji , Feng Weixing , Gong Shuai , Ren Xiaotun , Ding Changhong , Han Tongli , Fang Fang 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTImportanceThe phenotypes of ATP1A3 gene mutations are diverse. Relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia and fever‐induced paroxysmal weakness and encephalopathy (FIPWE) are considered non‐classical phenotypes caused by p.Arg756 mutations of ATP1A3.ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical manifestations, treatment, and follow‐up of Chinese patients with p.Arg756 mutations of ATP1A3.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical features, treatment, and genotypes of eight children with p.Arg756 mutations of ATP1A3 who were treated in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019.ResultsEight patients (six boys and two girls) were included; seven had been misdiagnosed with encephalitis. The age of onset ranged from 0.8 to 4.5 years. All patients had encephalopathy and had at least one episode of FIPWE. Cerebellar ataxia was present in nine episodes. Reversible splenial lesions of the corpus callosum were found in two patients in the acute phase. Three types of heterozygous ATP1A3 mutations were found: c.2267G > T (p.R756L) (patient 3 [P3]), c.2266C > T (p.R756C) (P2 and P4), and c.2267G > A (p.R756H) (P1, P5, P6, P7, and P8). Six mutations were de novo; two mutations were inherited. Both patients with p.R756C and one patient (P7) with p.R756H had four episodes of severe ataxia as the main manifestations. However, in the other three episodes, limb weakness was more prominent than ataxia. P5 with p.R756H exhibited overlap with FIPWE and rapid‐onset dystonia‐parkinsonism.InterpretationAcute encephalopathy followed by febrile disease was characteristic of the disease in patients with p.Arg756 mutations of ATP1A3. However, the weakness and ataxia were variable. Phenotypic crossover and overlap were observed among these patients.
Poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/sodium alginate composite blended membrane: Preparation, characterization, and water‐induced shape memory phenomenon
Authors: Yang Jen‐Ming , Panda Pradeep Kumar , Jie Chia Jing , Dash Pranjyan , Chang Yen‐Hsiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we successfully prepared poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/sodium alginate blended (PCS/SA) composite membranes by a simple solution casting method and solvent evaporation technique. The physicochemical properties and effect of different wt% of sodium alginate (SA) on poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PCS) membranes were systematically evaluated and studied along with its shape memory properties and mechanism. With increased wt% of SA, the crystallinity of PCS/SA membranes reduced significantly. PCS/SA membrane has better thermal stability than pure PVA membrane but is slightly lower than PCS membrane and decreased with higher SA contents. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) study revealed that water act as a stimulus for the shape recovery behavior. The mechanical study showed that PCS membranes with a small amount of SA (0.1 and 0.2 wt%) have a much better elongation at break than other membranes. The swelling ratio, gel contents, and contact angle results concurred with the results of shape memory effect (SME) of all membranes, where the PCS with higher contents of SA possess better and faster shape recovery speed. The above results demonstrate that SA is a potential additive that can be used for water‐induced shape memory applications.