bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable abnormalities of contrast discrimination sensitivity in subthreshold depression: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Zhong Han , Mei Gaoxing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSubthreshold depression (StD), as a subclinical state, is highly prevalent and increases the risk for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several studies have reported deficits of contrast sensitivity in MDD patients, it is unclear whether individuals with StD could demonstrate deficits of contrast sensitivity and whether the deficits could remain stable over time. Here we used a contrast discrimination task (a suprathreshold task) and a contrast detection task (a near‐threshold task) to compare contrast sensitivity of the StD group with that of matched non‐depressed controls. For each task, a spatial four‐alternative forced‐choice method and a psychophysical QUEST procedure were used to measure contrast discrimination threshold or contrast detection threshold. Participants performed an initial assessment and a follow‐up assessment 4 months later. Compared to the non‐depressed controls, individuals with StD demonstrated reduced contrast discrimination sensitivity, not only at the initial assessment but also at the follow‐up assessment, indicating a stable abnormality. Contrast discrimination thresholds at the initial assessment did not predict changes of depression symptom severity over time. For contrast detection sensitivity, there was no significant difference between the StD group and non‐depressed controls. We concluded that contrast discrimination testing might provide a trait‐dependent biomarker for depression.
The profile of unusual beliefs associated with metacognitive thinking and attributional styles
Authors: Coleman Elle P. , Croft Rodney J. , Barkus Emma 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCognitive interpretations of daily events may differ in people from the general population who hold unusual beliefs. It is also important to understand whether different belief profiles exist to appreciate which patterns of beliefs are less psychologically healthy. Cluster analysis was used to form unusual belief profiles in a general population sample (n = 578; Mage = 22 years, SD = 6.98; 80% female) across paranoid, paranormal, and magical ideation beliefs, and we assessed whether they differed in attribution style and metacognitive beliefs about worry. Four clusters were formed: low on all measures (low all); high on all measures (high all); comparably higher on paranormal beliefs (paranormal group); and comparably higher on paranoid beliefs (paranoid group). For total Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30, the high all and high paranoid clusters did not differ, and both clusters scored higher than the high paranormal group, who all scored higher than the low all cluster. For attributional styles (Attributional Styles Questionnaire), lower scores on internal positive attribution were found for the high all and high paranoid clusters compared to the low all and high paranormal clusters. The high paranormal cluster had higher scores than the high paranoid cluster on self‐serving bias. Differences in attributional style appeared to be driven by mental health diagnosis. Our results suggest different profiles of unusual beliefs are detectable in the general population that differ in their metacognitive beliefs and perceived causation of events in their environment. Future studies investigating delusional proneness need to consider multiple unusual beliefs as well as assessing mood state and distress.
Heat‐responsive microRNAs and phased small interfering RNAs in reproductive development of flax
Authors: Pokhrel Suresh , Meyers Blake C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlants will face increased heat stress due to rising global temperatures. Heat stress affects plant reproductive development and decreases productivity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these processes are poorly characterized. Plant small RNAs (sRNAs) have important regulatory roles in plant reproductive development following abiotic stress responses. We generated sRNA transcriptomes of reproductive bud stages at three different time points to identify sRNA‐mediated pathways responsive to heat stress in flax (Linum usitatissimum). With added sRNA transcriptomes of vegetative tissues, we comprehensively annotated miRNA and phasiRNA‐encoding genes (PHAS) in flax. We identified 173 miRNA genes, of which 42 are newly annotated. Our analysis revealed that 141 miRNA genes were differentially accumulated between tissue types, while 18 miRNA genes were differentially accumulated in reproductive tissues following heat stress, including members of miR482/2118 and miR2275 families, known triggers of reproductive phasiRNAs. Furthermore, we identified 68 21‐PHAS flax loci from protein‐coding and noncoding regions, four 24‐PHAS loci triggered by miR2275, and 658 24‐PHAS‐like loci with unknown triggers, derived mostly from noncoding regions. The reproductive phasiRNAs are mostly downregulated in response to heat stress. Overall, we found that several previously unreported miRNAs and phasiRNAs are responsive to heat stress in flax reproductive tissues.
DE‐SLAM: SLAM for highly dynamic environment
Authors: Xing Zhiwei , Zhu Xiaorui , Dong Dingcheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is crucial for autonomous mobile robots. Most of the current SLAM systems are based on an assumption: the environment is static. However, the real environment is full of dynamic elements, such as pedestrians or vehicles, as well as changes in illumination and appearance over time. In this paper, DE‐SLAM, a visual SLAM system that can deal with short‐term and long‐term dynamic elements at the same time is proposed. A novel dynamic detection and tracking module that utilizes both semantic and metric information is proposed, and the localization accuracy is highly improved by eliminating features falling on the dynamic objects. A unified loop detection, loop check and global optimization module is used to perform loop closure. Experimental results on datasets and real environments show that DE‐SLAM outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art SLAM systems in dynamic environments.
Airflow Synergistic Needleless Electrospinning of Instant Noodle‐like Curly Nanofibrous Membranes for High‐Efficiency Air Filtration
Authors: Yang Zihao , Zhang Xunlong , Qin Zhikun , Li Han , Wang Jian , Zeng Guangyong , Liu Chunhai , Long Jianping , Zhao Yixia , Li Yafang , Yan Guilong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) pollution has become a serious environmental concern. Nanofibrous filters are widely reported to remove PM from polluted air. Herein, efficient and lightweight PM air filters are presented using airflow synergistic needleless electrospinning composed of auxiliary fields such as an airflow field and a secondary inductive electric field. Compared to needleless electrospinning with other spinnerets, it significantly improves productivity, fiber diameter, and porosity of fibrous air filters. The instant noodle‐like nanofiber structure can also be controlled by adjusting the airflow velocity. These air filters exhibit high (2.5 μm particulate matter) PM2.5 removal efficiency (99.9%) and high (0.3 μm particulate matter) PM0.3 removal efficiency (99.1%), low pressure drop (56 Pa for PM2.5 and 78 Pa for PM0.3), and large dust holding capacitance (the maximum value is 168 g m−2 for PM2.5, while 102 g m−2 for PM0.3). Meanwhile, the proposed PM filters are also tested suitable and stable to other polluted air filtrations such as cigarette smoke and sawdust. The large‐scale synthesis of such an attractive nanofiber structure presents the great potential of high‐performance filtration/separation materials.
Evaluation of the treatment of equine glandular gastric disease with either long‐acting‐injectable or oral omeprazole
Authors: Gough Sarah , Hallowell Gayle , Rendle David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEquine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is common in domesticated horses and can be challenging to treat. Oral omeprazole (ORLO) is used widely but the clinical response is frequently poor.ObjectivesTo compare rates of EGGD healing and improvement between ORLO and a long‐acting injectable omeprazole preparation (LAIO).Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsThe case records and gastroscopy images of horses presenting to masked for peer review over a 12‐month period were reviewed, with images blindly assessed by one of the authors. Treatment responses to 4 mg/kg LAIO administered every 7 days for 2 and 4 weeks were compared with ORLO 4 mg/kg PO q24hrs for 4 weeks. Data were compared using a Mann‐Whitney U test with post‐hoc Dunn's test, Chi‐squared test and a Fisher's exact test.ResultsThirty‐three horses that received LAIO and 12 that received ORLO were identified. Nine horses in the LAIO had received other treatments previously. The groups were comparable in signalment and EGGD lesion severity. Long‐acting injectable omeprazole was found to be non‐inferior to ORLO. LAIO was associated with better healing rates than ORLO at 4 weeks (LAIO‐80%; ORLO‐42%; p = 0.02), and reduction in lesion severity at 2 and 4 weeks in the LAIO group but not in the ORLO group at 4 weeks. Eighteen percent of horses in the LAIO group and 50% in the ORLO group did not heal at 4 weeks. There was no association between rate of healing or improvement and resolution or improvement of clinical signs. Six localised and self‐limiting injection site reactions were identified in 4 horses treated with LAIO (6.7%).Main limitationsRetrospective design, small numbers and the use of other treatments prior to use of LAIO.ConclusionsLAIO was found to be non‐inferior to oral omeprazole for EGGD. Larger blinded randomised clinical trials are justified.
Applying a Qualitative Case Study Approach to Study Values in Public–Private Partnerships
Authors: Reynaers Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPublic–private partnerships (PPPs) are used for the provision of public infrastructure such as roads, schools and hospitals and related services such as maintenance, cleaning and catering. They are often considered to be an organisational manifestation of the new public management (NPM) paradigm. Whereas critical scholars suggest that the introduction of private sector management techniques and values into the public sector may harm so-called public values such as accountability, transparency and quality, supporters of the NPM paradigm believe the opposite, even suggesting that public values may be strengthened. This chapter goes beyond the often normative debate on the desirability of PPPs to instead describe how a multiple qualitative case study approach analysing how actors in PPPs give meaning to public values in practice can be applied to assess the extent to which public values are safeguarded in PPPs.
Values-Based Participatory Action Research in Development Ethics
Authors: Chachine Isaias Ezequiel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the pros and cons of values-based participatory action research, from an ethics of regards, to discuss how a values-based participatory action research could be articulated as a values-adding paradigm shift in values-based research methodologies. Values-based participatory action research is a community-engaging research methodology that emphasises values, participation, and common action as methods of enquiry. Along with the ethics of regards, it argues that how values are understood may impact participatory-decision, research design, and possible outcomes. Participation is more than involvement but a context where values are identified, shared, or even contested. To engage the paradigm, development ethics will be used as a research context.
Readers with Disabilities
Authors: Richardson John T. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs mentioned in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-90984-0_8, any differences in the legibility of serif and sans serif typefaces might become more apparent in readers whose visual systems are challenged as the result of disablement. Relatively few studies have been carried out into the legibility of serif and sans serif typefaces by people with disabilities when the material is read on computer monitors or other screens. In principle, visual impairment can arise from a variety of causes, but research has focused on readers with dyslexia and readers with age-related macular degeneration.
Younger and Older Readers
Authors: Richardson John T. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs novice readers, young children may be disproportionately affected by different typefaces. The use of different typefaces may also affect how readily children acquire the ability to read. Research by Burt and Kerr is often cited in support of the idea that serif typefaces are more legible. Zachrisson provided a more thorough account of the role of typographic variables in reading among children of different ages using various research methods. It has been known for more than 100 years that children tend to confuse letters that are mirror images of each other (such as p and q), and this may in principle be affected by the presence or absence of serifs. Older readers tend to suffer from visual problems which may depend on typographical factors. This is of practical importance, as in the design of labels for medication containers.
Readers with Disabilities
Authors: Richardson John T. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAny differences in the legibility of serif and sans serif typefaces might become more apparent in readers whose visual systems are challenged as the result of disablement. Some researchers have focused on children in special education. In particular, children with visual impairment might be more sensitive to typographical factors. It has been suggested that the effects of congenital visual impairment might be different from those of acquired visual impairment. Finally, a majority of people with aphasia also exhibit an impairment of reading, while other people without aphasia may exhibit the specific disorder of reading known as dyslexia.
Implementing the three-particle quantization condition for π+π+K+ and related systems
Authors: Blanton Tyler D. , Romero-López Fernando , Sharpe Stephen R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, the formalism needed to relate the finite-volume spectrum of systems of nondegenerate spinless particles has been derived. In this work we discuss a range of issues that arise when implementing this formalism in practice, provide further theoretical results that can be used to check the implementation, and make available codes for implementing the three-particle quantization condition. Specifically, we discuss the need to modify the upper limit of the cutoff function due to the fact that the left-hand cut in the scattering amplitudes for two nondegenerate particles moves closer to threshold; we describe the decomposition of the three-particle amplitude $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
df,3 into the matrix basis used in the quantization condition, including both s and p waves, with the latter arising in the amplitude for two nondegenerate particles; we derive the threshold expansion for the lightest three-particle state in the rest frame up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/L5); and we calculate the leading-order predictions in chiral perturbation theory for $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
df,3 in the π+π+K+ and π+K+K+ systems. We focus mainly on systems with two identical particles plus a third that is different (“2+1” systems). We describe the formalism in full detail, and present numerical explorations in toy models, in particular checking that the results agree with the threshold expansion, and making a prediction for the spectrum of π+π+K+ levels using the two- and three-particle interactions predicted by chiral perturbation theory.
Stable Z-strings with topological polarization in two Higgs doublet model
Authors: Eto Minoru , Hamada Yu , Nitta Muneto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We find that a Z-string is stable in a wide range of parameter space of the two Higgs doublet model due to a split into a pair of two topological Z-strings with fractional Z fluxes. This configuration, a bound state of the two strings connected by a domain wall, is called a vortex molecule. Although the vortex molecule has no net topological charge, the locally induced topological charge density is polarized, namely distributed positively around one constituent string and negatively around the other constituent string, leading to the stability of the molecule. We numerically show that the vortex molecule is indeed a stable solution of the equation of motions in a much wider parameter space of the model than the usual axially symmetric Z-string in the Standard Model and the two Higgs doublet model, although it is not the case for experimental values of the parameters.
Systems of rank one, explicit Rokhlin towers, and covering numbers
Authors: Weiss Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRotations$$f_\alpha $$fαof the one-dimensional torus (equipped with the normalized Lebesgue measure) by an irrational angle$$\alpha $$αare known to be dynamical systems of rank one. This is equivalent to the property that the covering number$$F^*(f_\alpha )$$F∗(fα)of the dynamical system is one. In other words, there exists a basisBsuch that for arbitrarily highh, an arbitrarily large proportion of the unit torus can be covered by the Rokhlin tower$$(f_\alpha ^kB)_{k=0}^{h-1}$$(fαkB)k=0h-1. AlthoughBcan be chosen with diameter smaller than any fixed$$\varepsilon > 0$$ε>0, it is not always possible to take an interval forBbut this can only be done when the partial quotients of$$\alpha $$αare unbounded. In the present paper, we ask what maximum proportion of the torus can be covered whenBis the union of$$n_B \in {\mathbb {N}}$$nB∈Ndisjoint intervals. This question has been answered in the case$$n_B =1$$nB=1by Checkhova, and here we address the general situation. If$$n_B = 2$$nB=2, we give a precise formula for the maximum proportion. Furthermore, we show that for fixed$$\alpha $$α, the maximum proportion converges to 1 when$$n_B \rightarrow \infty $$nB→∞. Explicit lower bounds can be given if$$\alpha $$αhas constant partial quotients. Our approach is inspired by the construction involved in the proof of the Rokhlin lemma and furthermore makes use of the three gap theorem.
Qualitätssicherung in medizinischen Laboratorien – Eine Unentbehrlichkeit mit Nutzen und Risiken
Authors: Kleymann-Hilmes Janine , Brünschwitz Sophia , Müller Michael 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Stellenwert von Qualitätssicherung (QS) und Qualitätsmanagement (QM) in medizinischen Laboratorien ist gerade seit Beginn der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ein Thema in vielen politischen und öffentlichen Diskussionen. Einheitliche Standards werden benötigt, um Vergleichbarkeit nicht nur in Deutschland unter den medizinischen Laboratorien zu schaffen, sondern auch über die Landesgrenze hinaus. Dafür gibt es in Deutschland zwei federführende Systeme: die Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen (Rili-BÄK) und die Akkreditierung nach der Norm DIN EN ISO 15189.Der Artikel dient der Sensibilisierung für Qualität in medizinischen Laboren zur Gewährleistung der Patientensicherheit durch eine kompetente Diagnostik am Patienten. Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche u. a. von Gesetzestexten, Normen sowie weiterführenden Dokumenten und Veröffentlichungen des QM durchgeführt sowie Erfahrungswerte von Vertretern unterschiedlicher Institutionen berücksichtigt.Ein umfassendes QM-System unterstützt die Arbeit in der medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik maßgeblich. Die Wahrung des Vertrauens in die Leistungsfähigkeit von medizinischen Laboratorien und die jeweils tragenden Einrichtungen ist für eine bestmögliche Versorgung der Bevölkerung von großer Bedeutung. Auch der Mehraufwand, der mit einer Akkreditierung einhergeht, ist mit Blick auf die Patientensicherheit gerechtfertigt, sollte jedoch keine zusätzliche Bürokratie erfahren.
Lagged oceanic effects on the East African short rains
Authors: Kolstad Erik W. , MacLeod David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe East African ‘short rains’ in October–December (OND) exhibit large interannual variability. Drought and flooding are not unusual, and long-range rainfall forecasts can guide planning and preparedness for such events. Although seasonal forecasts based on dynamical models are making inroads, statistical models based on sea surface temperature (SST) precursors are still widely used, making it important to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of such models. Here we define a simple statistical forecast model, which is used as a tool to shed light on the dynamics that link SSTs and rainfall across time and space, as well as on why such models sometimes fail. Our model is a linear regression, where the August states of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) predict about 40% of the short rains variability in 1950–2020. The forecast errors are traced back to the initial SSTs: too-wet (too-dry) forecasts are linked linearly to positive (negative) initial ENSO and IOD states in August. The link to the initial IOD state is mediated by changes in the IOD between August and OND, highlighting a physical mechanism for prediction busts. We also identify asymmetry and nonlinearity: when ENSO and/or the IOD are positive in August, the range and variance of OND forecast errors are larger than when the SST indices are negative. Upfront adjustments of predictions conditional on initial SSTs would have helped in some years with large forecast busts, such as the dry 1987 season during a major El Niño, for which the model erroneously predicts copious rainfall, but it would have exacerbated the forecast in the wet 2019 season, when the IOD was strongly positive and the model predicts too-dry conditions.
Machine learning prediction model for postoperative outcome after perforated appendicitis
Authors: Eickhoff Roman M. , Bulla Alwin , Eickhoff Simon B. , Heise Daniel , Helmedag Marius , Kroh Andreas , Schmitz Sophia M. , Klink Christian D. , Neumann Ulf P. , Lambertz Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Appendectomy for acute appendicitis is one of the most common operative procedures worldwide in both children and adults. In particular, complicated (perforated) cases show high variability in individual outcomes. Here, we developed and validated a machine learning prediction model for postoperative outcome of perforated appendicitis.

Methods
Retrospective analyses of patients with clinically and histologically verified perforated appendicitis over 10 years were performed. Demographic and surgical baseline characteristics were used as competing predictors of single-patient outcomes along multiple dimensions via a random forest classifier with stratified subsampling. To assess whether complications could be predicted in new, individual cases, the ensuing models were evaluated using a replicated 10-fold cross-validation.

Results
A total of 163 patients were included in the study. Sixty-four patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, whereas ninety-nine patients got a primary open procedure. Interval from admission to appendectomy was 9 ± 12 h and duration of the surgery was 74 ± 38 min. Forty-three patients needed intensive care treatment. Overall mortality was 0.6 % and morbidity rate was 15%. Severe complications as assessed by Clavien-Dindo > 3 were predictable in new cases with an accuracy of 68%. Need for ICU stay (> 24 h) could be predicted with an accuracy of 88%, whereas prolonged hospitalization (greater than 7–15 days) was predicted by the model with an accuracy of 76%.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that complications following surgery, and in particular, health care system-related outcomes like intensive care treatment and extended hospitalization, may be well predicted at the individual level from demographic and surgical baseline characteristics through machine learning approaches.