bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant granular cell tumors: Combining cytological and pathological findings for a definitive diagnosis
Authors: Enomoto Atsumi , Terasaki Mika , Murase Yukihiro , Kitagawa Yasuyuki , Shimizu Akira , Ohashi Ryuji , Terasaki Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalignant granular cell tumors (GCTs) account for less than 2% of all GCTs and mainly occur in the deep soft tissue of the thigh or trunk. Malignant GCTs are highly aggressive tumors with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. In this brief report, we describe a rare case of malignant GCT in a 64‐year‐old Japanese man who presented with a 14 × 20 cm mass in the left inguinal region. The cytologic findings of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) revealed atypical epithelial‐like granular cells with granular substance in the background, which was difficult to differentiate from apocrine carcinoma or melanoma. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings of the needle biopsy revealed that the tumor cells were positive for S‐100 and lysosomal marker CD68 which was suggestive of a GCT. However, the presence of crush artifacts made it challenging to identify cellular atypia, which is a characteristic of malignant tumor. Taken together, the FNA and needle biopsy results were suggestive of malignant GCT. The importance of preoperative diagnosis of malignant GCT is well known, but few reports have described its cytological findings. In our brief report, we show that combining cytological FNA and biopsy findings with IHC findings achieves an accurate diagnosis of malignant GCT.
Near‐term phytoplankton forecasts reveal the effects of model time step and forecast horizon on predictability
Authors: Woelmer Whitney M. , Thomas R. Quinn , Lofton Mary E. , McClure Ryan P. , Wander Heather L. , Carey Cayelan C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs climate and land use increase the variability of many ecosystems, forecasts of ecological variables are needed to inform management and use of ecosystem services. In particular, forecasts of phytoplankton would be especially useful for drinking water management, as phytoplankton populations are exhibiting greater fluctuations due to human activities. While phytoplankton forecasts are increasing in number, many questions remain regarding the optimal model time step (the temporal frequency of the forecast model output), time horizon (the length of time into the future a prediction is made) for maximizing forecast performance, as well as what factors contribute to uncertainty in forecasts and their scalability among sites. To answer these questions, we developed near‐term, iterative forecasts of phytoplankton 1–14 days into the future using forecast models with three different time steps (daily, weekly, fortnightly), that included a full uncertainty partitioning analysis at two drinking water reservoirs. We found that forecast accuracy varies with model time step and forecast horizon, and that forecast models can outperform null estimates under most conditions. Weekly and fortnightly forecasts consistently outperformed daily forecasts at 7‐day and 14‐day horizons, a trend that increased up to the 14‐day forecast horizon. Importantly, our work suggests that forecast accuracy can be increased by matching the forecast model time step to the forecast horizon for which predictions are needed. We found that model process uncertainty was the primary source of uncertainty in our phytoplankton forecasts over the forecast period, but parameter uncertainty increased during phytoplankton blooms and when scaling the forecast model to a new site. Overall, our scalability analysis shows promising results that simple models can be transferred to produce forecasts at additional sites. Altogether, our study advances our understanding of how forecast model time step and forecast horizon influence the forecastability of phytoplankton dynamics in aquatic systems and adds to the growing body of work regarding the predictability of ecological systems broadly.
Strategies for managing marine disease
Authors: Glidden Caroline K. , Field Laurel C. , Bachhuber Silke , Hennessey Shannon M. , Cates Robyn , Cohen Lesley , Crockett Elin , Degnin Michelle , Feezell Maya K. , Fulton‐Bennett Heather K. , Pires Devyn , Poirson Brittany N. , Randell Zachary H. , White Erick , Gravem Sarah A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe incidence of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) has increased in wildlife populations in recent years and is expected to continue to increase with global environmental change. Marine diseases are relatively understudied compared with terrestrial diseases but warrant parallel attention as they can disrupt ecosystems, cause economic loss, and threaten human livelihoods. Although there are many existing tools to combat the direct and indirect consequences of EIDs, these management strategies are often insufficient or ineffective in marine habitats compared with their terrestrial counterparts, often due to fundamental differences between marine and terrestrial systems. Here, we first illustrate how the marine environment and marine organism life histories present challenges and opportunities for wildlife disease management. We then assess the application of common disease management strategies to marine versus terrestrial systems to identify those that may be most effective for marine disease outbreak prevention, response, and recovery. Finally, we recommend multiple actions that will enable more successful management of marine wildlife disease emergencies in the future. These include prioritizing marine disease research and understanding its links to climate change, improving marine ecosystem health, forming better monitoring and response networks, developing marine veterinary medicine programs, and enacting policy that addresses marine and other wildlife diseases. Overall, we encourage a more proactive rather than reactive approach to marine wildlife disease management and emphasize that multidisciplinary collaborations are crucial to managing marine wildlife health.
Disentangling spatial and environmental effects: Flexible methods for community ecology and macroecology
Authors: Viana Duarte S. , Keil Petr , Jeliazkov Alienor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCommunity ecologists and macroecologists have long sought to evaluate the importance of environmental conditions in determining species distributions, community composition, and diversity across sites. Different methods have been used to estimate species–environment relationships, but their differences to jointly fit and disentangle spatial autocorrelation and structure remain poorly studied. We compared how methods in four broad families of statistical models estimated the contribution of the environment and space to variation in species occurrence and abundance. These methods included redundancy analysis (RDA), generalized linear models (GLMs), generalized additive models (GAMs), and three types of tree‐based machine learning (ML) methods: boosted regression trees (BRT), random forests, and regression trees. The spatial component of the model consisted of Moran's eigenvector maps (MEMs; in RDA, GLM, and ML), smooth spatial splines (in GAM), or tree‐based nonlinear modeling of spatial coordinates (in ML). We simulated typical site‐by‐species data to assess the methods' performance in (1) fitting environmental and spatial models, and (2) partitioning the variation explained by environmental and spatial predictors. We observed marked differences in performance among methods generally caused by their different performances in fitting spatial structures. Generalized linear model and BRT with MEMs were generally the most reliable methods for partitioning the variation explained by environmental and spatial effects across a wide range of simulated scenarios. The remaining methods tended to underestimate pure spatial effects, because of either underfitting of simulated spatial structures or overestimation of environmental effects compared to spatial effects when jointly estimated. Performing variation partitioning on nine different empirical datasets using these methods yielded contrasting results, especially in the estimation of the spatial fraction of variation. Our results suggest that previously overlooked methods for performing variation partitioning, especially tree‐based ML, offer flexible approaches to analyze site‐by‐species matrices. We provide general guidelines on the usefulness of different models under different ecological and sampling scenarios, for species distribution modeling, community ecology, and macroecology.
Enriched puree potato with soy protein for dysphagia patients by using 3D printing
Authors: Mirazimi Farnaz , Saldo Jordi , Sepulcre Francesc , Gràcia Alvar , Pujola Montserrat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDysphagia affects a person's ability to swallow, and it causes health problems by directly limiting nutritional intake, being the elderly the most at‐risk group and also likely to be deficient in nutrition. Diets for patients with dysphagia require textural modifications to offer soft and safe food to swallow. Puree is easily consumed by the elderly, being an alternative food preparation providing essential nutrition for people with dysphagia. In this study, we aimed to create different formulations with soy protein and agar added to potato puree to add nutritional value and end up with printable material by designing food for the elderly and people with dysphagia. Some enriched potato puree formulations were obtained by adding soy protein (3%, 5%, and 7%) and up to 0.2% agar. The use of three‐dimensional food printing allows visual customization with appeal benefits of nutritional food formulations for specific consumers. The rheology and texture profile analysis of the different formulations has been performed. According to International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) scales, the texture of all modified samples was suitable for people with swallowing difficulties. The samples with agar presented a better‐printed shape and a more viscous‐like behavior than the samples with soy protein. These findings highlight that soy protein could modify the texture and, from the nutritional point of view, add value to the formulations. The addition of 0.2% agar can establish good material for designing three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed food that allows the creation of textures in accordance with the needs of the elderly and people with dysphagia.
Testimonies and Healing: Anti‐oppressive Research with Black Women and the Implications for Compassionate Ethical Care
Authors: Gunn Alana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnti‐oppressive qualitative inquiry can be a powerful tool for members of marginalized communities to engage in storytelling that is both therapeutic and transformative. For individuals navigating marginalization due to multiple systems of stigmatization, the process of telling their story offers the opportunity to engage in awareness raising and health promotion that can benefit their communities. Formerly incarcerated Black women are one such community experiencing multilevel marginalization. This essay explores ways in which the qualitative interview can provide contexts for women to name their experiences of oppression, reconstruct the meanings they attach to them, and channel their stories of navigating harm to promote the health of others. Given the legacy of research atrocities that have disproportionately harmed already‐marginalized communities, this piece seeks to advance practices of ethical care and compassion in qualitative inquiry that promote greater health and the building of relational trust in both research and clinical settings.
Neural and computational processes of accelerated perceptual awareness and decisions: A 7T fMRI study
Authors: Kalhan Shivam , McFadyen Jessica , Tsuchiya Naotsugu , Garrido Marta I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRapidly detecting salient information in our environments is critical for survival. Visual processing in subcortical areas like the pulvinar and amygdala has been shown to facilitate unconscious processing of salient stimuli. It is unknown, however, if and how these areas might interact with cortical regions to facilitate faster conscious perception of salient stimuli. Here we investigated these neural processes using 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in concert with computational modelling while participants (n = 33) engaged in a breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm (bCFS) in which fearful and neutral faces are initially suppressed from conscious perception but then eventually ‘breakthrough’ into awareness. Participants reported faster breakthrough times for fearful faces compared with neutral faces. Drift‐diffusion modelling suggested that perceptual evidence was accumulated at a faster rate for fearful faces compared with neutral faces. For both neutral and fearful faces, faster response times were associated with greater activity in the amygdala (specifically within its subregions, including superficial, basolateral and amygdalo‐striatal transition area) and the insula. Faster rates of evidence accumulation coincided with greater activity in frontoparietal regions and occipital lobe, as well as the amygdala. A lower decision‐boundary correlated with activity in the insula and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), but not with the amygdala. Overall, our findings suggest that hastened perceptual awareness of salient stimuli recruits the amygdala and, more specifically, is driven by accelerated evidence accumulation in fronto‐parietal and visual areas. In sum, we have mapped distinct neural computations that accelerate perceptual awareness of visually suppressed faces.
“They loved gambling more than me.” Women's experiences of gambling‐related harm as an affected other
Authors: McCarthy Simone , Thomas Samantha L. , Pitt Hannah , Warner Elyse , Roderique‐Davies Gareth , Rintoul Angela , John Bev 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGambling poses a global threat to public health due to its far‐reaching impacts. Research has demonstrated a ripple effect of harmful gambling on social network members and broader communities. While researchers have documented extreme harms associated with an affected other, limited research has qualitatively investigated how women describe their concerns about the gambling of a social network member, and any subsequent negative impacts on their own lives.MethodsAn online panel survey was conducted with women aged 18 years and older, who gambled at least once in the last 12 months, and resided in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales. This paper focused on the open text responses of a subsection of the sample (n = 136) who reported being negatively impacted by someone else's gambling. The study utilised reflexive thematic analysis to interpret the data.ResultsResults indicated that women were concerned about the gambling behaviours of a broad range of social network members. Open text responses regarding the nature of these concerns mostly related to individualised paradigms of gambling behaviour – including whether the participant perceived their network member could afford to gamble, was being responsible with their gambling, or were gambling too frequently. Participants experienced a range of negative impacts including significant financial issues, relationship difficulties, poorer emotional wellbeing as a result of worrying about the gambler, and loss of trust. Some described the negative experiences associated with growing up with a parent who gambled.ConclusionThe research demonstrates the broad impacts of gambling on affected others. This study enhances our understanding of how women are harmed by gambling and considers the complexities of their experiences and relationships with the gambler. This extends knowledge beyond quantitative descriptors of harm among affected others and provides a critical reflection on the nuances of women's experiences with gambling and gambling harm.
Endo‐ and exohedral complexes of superphane with cations
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuite recently it has been shown in a previous study that superphane, that is, [2.2.2.2.2.2](1,2,3,4,5,6)cyclophane, is a very convenient molecule in the study of endohedral complexes and especially in the study of the influence of the caged entity (i.e., guest) on the structure of the host molecule. This advantage results from the presence of two parallel benzene rings joined together by six quite flexible ethylene bridges (spacers). This article examines the energetic and structural properties of endo‐ and exohedral complexes of superphane with the following cations: H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, B3+, Al3+, Ga3+. The stability of endohedral complexes has been shown to be strongly dependent on the charge and radius of the caged cation. The inclusion of the cation inside the superphane molecule causes its ‘swelling’, which is manifested by an increase in the distance between the benzene rings and elongations of the ring and spacer C–C bonds. In the case of exohedral complexes, three forms are investigated: with the cation above the benzene ring, with the cation interacting with the superphane window in the equatorial position, and with the cation interacting with the center of the C–C spacer bond. The first of these forms has been shown to be preferred. The cation⋯acceptor distance depends on the cation radius. Among the cations investigated, H+and Be2+are particularly reactive and predisposed to induce significant structural changes in the superphane molecule, forming C–H bond or C–Be–C bridges, respectively.
Genome‐wide association study of 7661 Chinese Han individuals and fine‐mapping major histocompatibility complex identifies HLA‐DRB1 as associated with IgA vasculitis
Authors: Xia Liang , Chen Mengyun , Zhang Hanshuo , Zheng Xiaodong , Bao Jing , Gao Jinping , Zhu Caihong , Sun Liangdan , Xia Hailong , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin‐A vasculitis (IgAV) is an immune‐related systemic vasculitis with an unclear etiology. Genetic predisposition is now considered to be closely associated with the development of the disease, and it is essential to reveal the relationship between them. To explore the role of heredity in the disease, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 496 IgAV cases and 7165 controls using an Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array chip.MethodsIn the first stage of analysis, a significant correlation between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and IgAV was observed. Subsequently, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) analysis was conducted using a new large‐scale Han‐MHC reference panel. Fine mapping of IgAV risk in the MHC region indicated that two amino acid positions, 120 and 11, of HLA‐DRB1 and three potential HLA alleles (HLA‐DRB1∗04, HLA‐DRB1∗16, and HLA‐DRB1∗16:02) were significantly associated.ResultsFurther stepwise conditional analysis demonstrated that 3 amino acid positions (120, 26, 96) of HLA‐DRB1 and 6 HLA‐DRB1 alleles (HLA‐DRB1*04, HLA‐DRB1*16, HLA‐DRB1*01, HLA‐DRB1*12:02, HLA‐DRB1*10, and HLA‐DRB1*15:02) were independent signals. Among them, the most significant signal was HLA‐DRB1 amino acid Ser120 (OR = 1.59, p = 3.19 × 10−8); no independent signal in the MHC region except for HLA‐DRB1 was found.ConclusionsOur study confirms that the pathogenesis of IgAV has a genetic component and that HLA‐DRB1 is strongly associated with susceptibility to IgAV.
Sarcopenia and catastrophic health expenditure by socio‐economic groups in China: an analysis of household‐based panel data
Authors: Ye Chen , Zheng Xu , Aihemaitijiang Sumiya , Wang Ruoyu , Halimulati Mairepaiti , Huang Xiaojie , Zhang Zhaofeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia was thought to be associated with adverse outcomes and will cause lots of health expenditure. But the relationship between sarcopenia and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) had been little explored. Here, we examined the distribution of sarcopenia in relation to medical and payment burdens.MethodsWe used data from three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study including 14 130 participants from 9077 households aged over 50 years old. Sarcopenia was operationalized according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Medical expenditure was obtained by self‐reported data, and CHE was identified by WHO definitions. We used the negative binomial regression model and logistic mixed‐effects models to examine the associations between sarcopenia and medical and CHE.ResultsA total of 14 130 participants [52.2% female, aged 60.8 (SD 9.3)] from 9077 households were included in this study. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 19.8%, 11.9% for moderate sarcopenia, and 7.9% for severe sarcopenia, respectively. We identified 1416 household CHE events in all three waves. Severe sarcopenia was associated with an increase in the number of inpatient visits [incidence rate ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.66, P = 0.03] and the risk of CHE (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, P < 0.01). We saw similar effects in health service use of sarcopenia in different socio‐economic groups. Moderate sarcopenia increased the risk of CHE in the lowest socio‐economic group (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, P = 0.03) and had no statistical significance in other groups. The association between severe sarcopenia and CHE did not attenuate after the adjustment of disease factors.ConclusionsSevere sarcopenia may increase the risk of CHE. Timely and effective intervention on moderate sarcopenia from severe sarcopenia will contribute to reduce the health burden.
Impact on blood loss and transfusion rates following administration of tranexamic acid in major oncological abdominal and pelvic surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fowler Hayley , Law Jennifer , Tham Su Ming , Gunaravi Sisyena A. , Houghton Neil , Clifford Rachael E. , Fok Matthew , Barker Jonathan A. , Vimalachandran Dale 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMajor bleeding and receiving blood products in cancer surgery are associated with increased postoperative complications and worse outcomes. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss and improves outcomes in various surgical specialities. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate TXA use on blood loss in elective abdominal and pelvic cancer surgery.MethodsA literature search was performed for studies comparing intravenous TXA versus placebo/no TXA in patients undergoing major elective abdominal or pelvic cancer surgery.ResultsTwelve articles met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 723 patients who received TXA and 659 controls. Patients receiving TXA were less likely to receive a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (p < 0.001, OR 0.4 95% CI [0.25, 0.63]) and experienced less blood loss (p < 0.001, MD −197.8 ml, 95% CI [−275.69, −119.84]). The TXA group experienced a smaller reduction in haemoglobin (p = 0.001, MD –0.45 mmol/L, 95% CI [−0.73, −0.18]). There was no difference in venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates (p = 0.95, OR 0.98, 95% CI [0.46, 2.08]).ConclusionsTXA use reduced blood loss and RBC transfusion requirements perioperatively, with no significant increased risk of VTE. However, further studies are required to assess its benefit for cancer surgery in some sub‐specialities.