bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support and services for perinatal low mood and depression: A qualitative study exploring women's and healthcare professionals' experiences
Authors: Pinar Semra , Ersser Steven J. , Mcmillan Dean , Bedford Helen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore women's experiences of support and care received from maternity healthcare professionals for perinatal low mood or depression, and healthcare professionals' experiences of providing support and care for women experiencing perinatal low mood or depression. In this qualitative study, face‐to‐face individual semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 15 women and 19 healthcare professionals living or working in Yorkshire and the Humber, England in 2019. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The following themes were identified: (1) lack of standardization in identification and support for perinatal low mood and depression; (2) unclear and nonstandardized pathways for perinatal low mood and depression; and (3) enablers and barriers of receiving support and care for perinatal low mood and depression. Providing training opportunities for healthcare professionals, especially midwives, may be helpful for filling the gray area for women who do not need a referral to mental health services but require support from healthcare professionals. Improving the variety of psychological therapies for the treatment of perinatal depression may also be helpful to meet women's expectations of treatments.
New Client‐Centered Discontinuation Measures Using the Demographic and Health Survey Calendar Data
Authors: Jain Aparna , Tobey Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main source of method discontinuation data comes from the calendar data of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). DHS considers each episode of use contributed by a woman in the calendar to calculate method discontinuation. This means that episodes from women who contribute only one episode of contraceptive use are combined with episodes from women who contribute multiple episodes of use. This paper explores the DHS calculation of episode‐based discontinuation and proposes new indicators that focus specifically on the client and puts her as the unit of analysis. First, we attempt to replicate the DHS calculation by applying weighted averages to episodes from women who contributed only one episode and from women who contributed multiple episodes of use. We then calculate three client‐centered discontinuation indicators, using the five‐year calendar data of the DHS. The methodology is illustrated by using data collected in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Indonesia. Starting with the very first method used and reported in the calendar and following use over 12 months, we develop a client‐centered discontinuation indicator. We build on the calculation of the client‐centered discontinuation indicator by: (1) excluding switching to result in all contraceptive discontinuation (complete discontinuation); and (2) limiting discontinuation to women still in need of contraception applying the DHS definitions of in need.
Population‐level transcriptomes reveal gene expression and splicing underlying cadmium accumulation in barley
Authors: Deng Pingchuan , Yan Tao , Ji Wanquan , Zhang Guoping , Wu Liang , Wu Dezhi 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYGenetic variation is an important determinant of gene transcription, which in turn contributes to functional and phenotypic diversity. Identification of the genetic variants controlling gene expression and alternative splicing in crops responding to cadmium (Cd), an important issue for food safety and human health, is of great value to improve our understanding of Cd accumulation‐related genes. Here we report an in‐depth survey of population‐level transcriptome variation of barley (Hordeum vulgare) core accessions under Cd exposure. We reveal marked transcriptomic changes in response to Cd exposure, and these are largely independent of tissues. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) revealed 59 498 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and 23 854 splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs), leading to a complex network that covers 66.6% of the expressed genes, including 68 metal transporter genes. On average, 41.0% of sQTLs overlapped with eQTLs across different tissues, indicating that these two dimensions of transcript variation are largely independent. Moreover, we found that 34.5% of GWAS QTLs that underlie 10 Cd accumulation traits in barley are co‐localized with eQTLs and sQTLs, which could imply a mechanistic role of different genetic variants affecting gene expression and alternative splicing in these traits. This study highlights the role of distal and proximal genetic effects on gene expression, splicing, and phenotypic plasticity. We anticipate that our results on the genetic control of expression and splicing underlying Cd accumulation provide a bridge to better understand genetic variation and phenotypic diversity to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation in plants.
Confidence Intervals for Richardson Extrapolation in Solid Mechanics
Authors: Krysl Petr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simple procedure for estimating the uncertainty of estimates of true solutions to problems of deflection, stress concentrations, and force resultants in solid and structural mechanics is introduced. Richardson extrapolation is carried out on a dataset of samples from a sequence of four grids. Simple median-based statistical analysis is used to establish 95% confidence intervals. The procedure leads to simple calculations that deliver reasonably tight estimates of the true solution and confidence intervals.
Robust Force Estimation for Magnetorheological Damper Based on Complex Value Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Rodríguez-Torres Andrés , López-Pacheco Mario , Morales-Valdez Jesús , Yu Wen , Díaz Jorge G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent developments in semi-active control technologies enhance the possibility of an effective response reduction during a wide range of dynamic loading conditions. Most semi-active control schemes employ magnetorheological dampers (MRDs) as actuators. These devices exhibit nonlinear and hysterical behavior that complicates reactive force estimation to compensate for disturbances. In this paper, we present a novel robust schema to estimate MRD forces using a complex value convolutional neural network (CV-CNN) to overcome these problems. CV-CNN utilizes random complex value convolutional filters as parameters to reduce the measured noise by combining the training stage and the max-by-magnitude operation. Furthermore, CV-CNN is a hysteresis-model-free strategy that overcomes the parameterization in nonlinear systems. The proposed CV-CNN only requires displacement and voltage measurements for force estimation. Different metrics are used to compare results between the CV-CNN, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and shallow neural network (SNN). Experimental results show the potential of the proposed CV- CNN for practical applications due to its simplicity and robustness. The CV-CNN computational time is less than that of GA and PSO. In the training stage, the CV-CNN uses 0.7% of GA's time and 1.4% of PSO. Although SNN uses 5.5% of the time consumed by the CV-CNN, the latter performs the force estimation for MRD better; its mean square error is 78.3% lower than the GA's and PSO's, and 71.4% lower than SNN's.
Folding-angle framework for structural modeling of rigid triangulated Miura-ori lattices
Authors: Lahiri Anandaroop , Pratapa Phanisri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Origami is rapidly gaining prominence in the research of metamaterials as it allows for tuning the properties of interest by change in the folded state. Origami-based lattices that allow low-frequency wave-propagation can potentially find use as acoustic metamaterials. Rigid panel origami tessellations have lattice modes which are exclusively due to the low-energy folding deformations at creases and hence will be suitable for low-frequency wave-propagation applications. Modeling frameworks like bar-and-hinge that are typically used to study origami lattice mechanics allow for panel stretching behavior which is forbidden and redundant in rigid panel origami lattices. This drives the necessity for an efficient analysis framework dealing exclusively with folding-angles for study of origami lattices with rigid panels. As a first step in this direction, in this paper, we propose a folding-angle-based analytical framework for structural modeling of infinite lattices of triangulated Miura-ori with rigid panels. We assign rotational stiffness to the creases and analytically derive the stiffness matrix for the lattices based on a minimal number of folding-angle degrees of freedom. Finally, we study the influence of the equilibrium folded state and the relative crease stiffness on the modal energies, to demonstrate the tunable and programmable nature of the structure. The framework proposed in our work could enable the study of wave dynamics in rigid panel Miura-ori-based lattices and our findings show significant promise for the future use of 1D origami with rigid panels as acoustic metamaterials.
Impact of Ceramic Matrix Composite Topology on Overall Effectiveness
Authors: Edelson Ryan D. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a material of interest for components in the hot section of gas turbine engines due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and high temperature capabilities. CMCs are a class of material made of macro scale woven ceramic fibers infiltrated with a ceramic matrix making them significantly different than their nickel superalloy counterparts. As CMCs are implemented into gas turbine engines, the effects of the inherent topology of the CMC weave on convective heat transfer must be understood. In this study, film cooling holes were integrated into a representative CMC weave for three test coupons that were printed using additive manufacturing. The three coupons included: one having a weave topology along the surface of the internal channel supplying coolant to the film cooling holes; one having a weave topology along the external film cooled surface; and one having a weave topology on both the coolant supply channel as well as the external film cooled surface. Overall effectiveness levels for the two cases with a weave surface on the external film cooled wall were measured to be lower than levels for the case with the smooth external surface. The external weave significantly increased the mixing of the coolant jet with the hot mainstream resulting in poor cooling.
A Novel Hydrogen Economy Based on Electrochemical Cells Fully Integrated With Fossil Fuel Assets and Wastewater Resources
Authors: Jolaoso Lateef A. , Asadi Javad , Duan Chuancheng , Kazempoor Pejman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in economic productivity and sustainable development. This paper presents a novel, highly efficient, and modular hydrogen production unit that can be fully integrated with numerous power production units, including coal and natural gas-fired power plants. The system is designed to utilize various water sources as the process’s feedstock. All process components, including waste-water treatment system, flue gas cooling, separating unit, and high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC), are simulated and integrated using Aspen HYSYS. The SOEC model is first validated with experimental and available numerical data. The validation results show that the model can accurately predict SOEC performance at various operating conditions. Afterward, various system configurations are presented, and a comprehensive process analysis has been implemented to evaluate the effects of operating and design parameters on the system performance and efficiency of 97.4% for the SOEC. The overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency of the system is 56.3% without heat integration.
Moreover, this novel process is integrated with renewable energy sources to ensure the system contribution to global energy decarbonization. Finally, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed to analyze the environmental impacts of the proposed system. The results indicate that the overall damage level is almost 50% higher using coal power plant as electricity source as to the solar PV and that water-energy nexus is eminent in energy sustainability, water preservation, and the prospect of this integrated system.
CFD Based Design Optimization of Multiple Helical Swirl-Inducing Fins for Concentrated Solar Receivers
Authors: Pidaparthi Bharath , Missoum Samy , Xu Ben 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) with Thermal Energy Storage (TES) has the potential to realize grid parity. This can be achieved by operating CSP systems at temperatures above 700 °C to reach high thermal efficiencies (&gt; 50%). However, operating CSP systems at elevated temperatures poses several problems, among which the design of solar receivers to handle increased thermal loads is critical. To this end, this work explores and optimizes various swirl-inducing internal fin designs for improving heat transfer in solar receiver tubes. These fin designs, in addition to enhancing the thermal performance of receiver tubes, are also capable of reducing temperature unevenness caused by nonuniform solar loads. This work optimizes the geometric parameters such as height and helical pitch of these fin designs by maximizing the Nusselt number with a constraint on the friction factor. The fin design optimization, however, is computationally intensive, often requiring hundreds of simulation call to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. To circumvent this problem, this work employs surrogate models to approximate the simulation outputs needed during the optimization.
Thermodynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Organic Rankine Cycle-Ejector Heat Pump-Based Trigeneration System Using a Zeotropic Mixture
Authors: Yaïci Wahiba , Entchev Evgueniy , Longo Michela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To solve the problem of low thermal efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and to enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) of ejector refrigeration cycle, an ORC combined with an ejector heat pump-based combined cooling, heat and power system using a zeotropic working fluid mixture is proposed in this paper. Utilization of zeotropic mixtures could improve the thermodynamic performance of ORC systems owing to superior fits of the temperature profiles of the working fluid and the heat source/sink.
A thermodynamic model is built to predict the performance of the proposed trigeneration system using butane/propane zeotropic mixture. The model was validated with data obtained from the open literature. It was then applied to investigate and optimize the effect of a wide range of parameters on system performance. A detailed parametric analysis was then performed to assess the influence of generator temperature and entrainment ratio on the system’s heating, cooling and power efficiencies, exergy and thermal efficiencies, and COP. The analysis also examined the effect of mass fraction on the system’s power and cooling efficiencies.
The results disclosed that for the zeotropic butane/propane mixture with mass fractions of 0.5/0.5, a generator temperature of 75°C and entrainment ratio of 0.5 produced a net power output of 136.3 kW, with a power efficiency of 4.6 %, a heating efficiency of 95.4%, a cooling efficiency of 42.9%, and a COP of 1 .43. With such thermodynamic analysis, the study demonstrated that the proposed system is feasible.
Optimal Bi-Annual Tilt Angles and Optimal Tilt Transition Timing for Fixed Tilt Arrays in the United States
Authors: Alhamer Essa , Grigsby Addison , Mulford Rydge 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As global dependency on renewable energy grows, it is imperative to utilize every Photovoltaic (PV) panel in the most efficient way possible. An important consideration for increasing PV panel energy production is to carefully select the tilt angle relative to the ground of the installed panel. Tracking arrays resolve this issue by dynamically tracking the sun throughout the course of the day, but tracking technology includes additional capital costs and is not affordable for residential systems. The goals of this study are to explore the use of a bi-annual fixed tilt array, where the tilt angle of the fixed array is changed at two times in the year to better capture the seasonal variation in solar irradiation. The goal of this study is to use optimization techniques to resolve the ideal tilt angles as well as the optimal time to change between these two angles for every state in the continental United States. Biannual arrays are then compared to fixed tilt and 1D tracking arrays while examining local weather variations and their effect on the optimal PV tilt angle and solar PV production. In general, PV panels with a fixed tilt in states at higher latitudes collect 90% of the energy that a 1D tracking array would collect, whereas bi-annual tilt angle array produce on average 97% of the energy that a 1D tracking array collects, making the bi-annual tilt method nearly as effective as 1D tracking at these latitudes. Fixed tilt arrays in the southern United States collect on average 85% of the energy that a 1D tracking array would collect, whereas bi-annual tilt arrays in the southern United States produce at maximum 90% of the energy that a 1D tracking array produces. Nearly all states optimize energy production when the tilt angle is changed during the month of March and the month of August. This paper also examines the relationship between summer and winter temperatures and cloud cover, and their effect on optimal tilt and overall PV performance.
Internet of Energy Applied to Water Hydrokinetic Smart-Grids: A Test Rig Example
Authors: Gharib-Yosry Ahmed , Fernandez-Jimenez Aitor , Manuel Fernandez Pacheco Víctor , Rico-Secades Manuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The internet of things is a novel concept with many applications, one of them is the management of energy in smart power systems, which is known as the Internet of Energy (IoE). This research presents an autonomous system — based on IoE concept — for monitoring and controlling a water supply network using a renewable power generation set formed by a hydrokinetic vertical-axis turbine and a solar panel module. Different sensors that collect water quality and quantity data along with actuator devices are also equipped and interconnected through a low bandwidth Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. Experimental tests have been carried out under laboratory scale conditions to check the working validity of the energy generating system with the proposed IoE structure in a water flume under low flow velocity conditions. An excellent test loop is available for various predictive maintenance and troubleshooting tasks using a novel IoE philosophy. Two communication tests through the MQTT protocol have been carried out successfully, since all the sensors were able to send the information correctly in real time. The power status of the turbine and batteries have been also monitored. The system was able to send orders to the actuators, which will allow a full control of the operating devices in the remote smart grid locations.
Mitigation of Leakage and Water Ingress for a Promising Phase Change Material (PCM) Containing Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
Authors: Rippy Kerry , Vidal Judith , Cui Shuang , Kaur Sumanjeet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A promising and cost-effective phase change material (PCM) containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600, 800, and/or 1000 has been synthesized. It is shape stabilized using a sol-gel method and displays promising thermal properties. These properties make the PCMs good candidates for thermal batteries and other thermal energy storage applications in the building sector. However, PEG leakage is observed at elevated temperatures, and due to the hygroscopic nature of PEG, moisture ingress is also observed, which can have a significant effect on performance and durability. Thus, we have developed hydrophobic coatings to prevent PEG leakage and mitigate moisture ingress. The selected approach involves a secondary sol-gel process during which a thin layer formulated with hydrophobic precursors is deposited onto the surface of the PCM samples. Several coating formulations have been investigated, including formulations composed of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), diethoxy(dimethyl)silane (DEDMS), triethoxymethylsilane (TEMS), and n-octyltriethoxysilane (OTES). We find that this is effective at increasing hydrophobicity of the PCM substrates. It also decreases substrate leakage.
Blood Flow Restriction Therapy for Use After Extremity Fracture: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Robertson Ian , Lazarides Marina , Butler Cody R. 
Published: September 2022

Clinical Scenario: Blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy has emerged as a viable treatment option to enhance clinical recovery in patients with primarily muscular injuries. However, BFR therapy has been rarely investigated in patients with osseous injuries to include extremity fracture. Focused Clinical Question: Does BFR-enhanced therapy improve clinical outcomes in patients during the acute to subacute rehabilitation period after extremity fracture? Summary of Key Findings: (1) In cases of 2 high-performing athletes with talus and osteochondral fracture of the knee, BFR was well tolerated and an effective rehabilitation regimen. (2) In 2 randomized controlled trials evaluating BFR use in patients after operative and nonoperative management of distal radius fractures, pain with activity and self-perceived function were improved in BFR-enhanced therapy as compared with a standard rehabilitation regimen. (3) Objective clinical outcomes including radiographic healing, extremity range of motion, and grip strength evaluated by the randomized controlled trials did not differ significantly between the BFR-enhanced and standard rehabilitation groups. Clinical Bottom Line: BFR-enhanced therapy may improve pain and self-perceived function of the injured extremity during the acute to subacute rehabilitation period after fracture. However, there is not yet a demonstrated benefit of BFR on hastening objective measures of clinical recovery. Large-scale clinical trials comparing BFR-enhanced rehabilitation with standard rehabilitation regimens are needed to better characterize BFR use in patients with osseous injuries. Strength of Recommendation: Two case reports and 2 randomized controlled trials provide level IIB evidence suggesting that BFR may improve pain in the acute rehabilitative stage and improve the patient’s perceived function of the injured extremity, without greater improvement in objectively measured clinical parameters as compared with a standard rehabilitation regimen.