bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Electric Conductivity and Mechanical Load Capacity of Copper Deposits for Application in Large Winding Components for Electrical High-Voltage Machines Made with Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Braun T. , Uhlmann E. , Häcker R. , Jäger M. , Rauch H. , Brach K. , Singh R. , Kondas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In line with the industrial trend of additive manufacturing, cold spray as a non-laser-based process is becoming increasingly important for many fields of application. For the evaluation of additive manufacturing of winding components made of copper for large electrical high-voltage machines, material and component properties such as electrical conductivity, mechanical load capacity and the component size that can be produced are of particular importance. In this context, the cold spray process offers advantages over laser-based additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) or laser cladding by using the kinetic energy of the copper powder particles to generate particle bonding. To investigate the electrical conductivity as well as the mechanical load capacity of cold spray parts, specimens were machined out of cold sprayed bulk copper deposits. The characteristic values were obtained with regard to the direction of deposition, which is defined by the direction of the robot’s movement. Thus, for the investigation of the component properties, specimens were provided that had been produced both aligned lengthwise and crosswise as well as vertically to the direction of deposition. The results of the investigations show that both the electrical conductivity and the mechanical load capacity of the specimen have a strong dependency of the specimen orientation with respect to the direction of deposition. Furthermore, it could be shown that by increasing the deposition height, there is an increasing oxygen content in the sample material, combined with increasingly significant defect networks. These effects have a negative impact on the electrical conductivity as well as on the mechanical load capacity. As a conclusion, further need for investigation is identified in the optimization of the process parameters as well as in the deposition strategy for the additive manufacturing of large-volume components with cold spray.
Anisotropy of Ti6Al4V Deposited by Cold Spray
Authors: Kovarik O. , Cizek J. , Kondas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anisotropy of stress-strain behavior, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth rate of Ti6Al4V deposited by cold spray using nitrogen was studied. For that, flat deposits were tested with stress acting in the in-plane directions and tubular deposits were tested in the out-of-plane stress directions. In all tests, unified small-size specimens were used. It was shown that for the in-plane stress, the deposits can be considered isotropic, whereas the out-of-plane stress led to significantly lower values of the measured properties. The obtained results were related to fractography and microstructural analysis. While a combination of trans-particle and inter-particle fracture determined the fatigue properties in the near-threshold regime, at higher loads, inter-particle fracture was dominant. It was also shown that the different particle-to-stress orientations influenced the resulting fatigue and static properties.
Protective Mo and Fe Coatings by CS and RF-ICP for PbLi Coolant Environments in Generation IV Fission Reactors
Authors: Cizek J. , Klecka J. , Babka L. , Hadraba H. , Kondas J. , Singh R. , Pazderova M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lead, lead-bismuth, or lead-lithium are candidate materials for liquid metal-based cooling media in the new generation of nuclear fission reactors and fusion systems. There are many benefits of using this concept; however, a new problem arises too: preventing degradation of structural materials that are supposed to come into a direct contact. Therefore, new steel grades are being designed, and technological workarounds are searched for. One of the pathways could be a deposition of thick, long-term stability protective coatings onto the steel surfaces. In our opening study, we have employed CS and RF-ICP technologies to deposit Mo and Fe coatings onto ferritic-type 9% Cr Eurofer steel and its ODS variant, and tested them in the PbLi environment at 600 °C for up to 1000 hours. The results suggest that the Fe coatings showed a promising resistance to the corrosive medium and are worth studying deeper.
Niobium and Molybdenum as Alloying Constituents in Al0.3CoCrFeNi to Develop Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys for HVOF Spraying
Authors: Preuß B. , Lindner T. , Rymer L.-M. , Lampke T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The addition of refractory metals represents a promising development approach for future high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Niobium and molybdenum are particularly suitable for increasing hardness as well as wear and corrosion resistance. In the context of surface protection applications, eutectic alloys with their homogeneous property profile are of particular interest. In the present work, two eutectic HEAs (EHEAs) were developed for the starting Al0.3CoCrFeNi using electric arc furnace. Following mechanical and microstructural characterization, the two alloys Al0.3CoCrFeNiMo0.75 and Al0.3CoCrFeNiNb0.5 were identified. For thermal spray processing, powders were prepared by inert gas atomization. The coatings produced by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying were characterized and evaluated comparatively to the castings, allowing process-structure-property relationships to be derived. Based on the results, statements on possible application potential can be made.
Thermal Spraying 4.0 – Digitalization of Old Equipment vs. Buying New Equipment?
Authors: Hambrock C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Machines and other equipment that are used in industry are generally long-term investments. Once invested, the machines usually run for several decades until a technical reinvestment is necessary. Nowadays, the 4th industrial revolution is taking place and digitalization is omnipresent. Big Data, Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are just some of the technological innovations that are shaping the future right now. These innovations do not work with the manually driven equipment that has been invested some years ago because they are all based on data – and these (partly) manually operated equipment don´t produce data or they don´t collect it properly. In order to produce and collect data, the manually working machines have to be replaced – or retrofitted! voestalpine Stahl GmbH and its technical service and maintenance department (TSM, furthermore short voestalpine) decided to retrofit the existing equipment based on technological, economical as well as sustainability reasons. The approach, advantages and limitations are displayed here.
Development of Compatibilizing Sublayer for Metallizing CFRP Structures by Cold Spray
Authors: Zhang T. , Padayodi E. , Raoelison R. N. , Sagot J.-C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aims to develop a metal-based compatibilizing sublayer on a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite to overcome the erosion issue of polymer substrate using the cold spray deposition technique. The objective is to contribute to the in-situ repair of aircraft structures. Two cases of sublayers, i.e., Al-based sublayer (1126 μm thick) and Cu-based sublayer (547 μm thick), have been prepared and co-cured with the CFRP substrates by pressure assisted molding process. Gas-atomized copper powders were deposited on a reference sample of aluminum panel (A-0) and on two functionalized composite substrates (A-1 and C-1) by a high-pressure cold spraying (HPCS) process. The results show that cold spray deposition onto the Al-based sublayer leads to a coating formation whereas the Cu-based sublayer is strongly eroded by the supersonic collision of copper powders. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) morphologies were used to investigate the HPCS deposition mechanisms on various configurations of substrates. It was found that the high deposition efficiency of case Cu/A-0 was achieved by metallic bonding, evidenced by the significant flattening powders and agglomeration phenomenon of multiple particles. The copper particles of case Cu/A-1, encapsulated by the deformed aluminum powders, could anchor to the substrate via mechanical interlocking, whereas only pure localized fracture of epoxy and exposed broken carbon fibers were observed on the substrate of case Cu/C-1. The results demonstrated the feasibility of an Al-based sublayer-assisted cold spray process for the thermosetting CFRP composite to achieve a successful deposition of copper powders, which also emphasized the necessity to search an optimal material coupling between sublayers and coatings.
Inline Characterization of Thermal Spray Processes by Thermographic Spray Spot Analysis
Authors: Ider M. , Rupprecht C. , Thomas G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work provides a new in-situ measurement method for the analysis of the spray-spot geometry and the thermal properties of the coating. The new approach is based on infrared detection of the thermal radiation from the coating surface combined with a subsequent automated spray-spot characterization. With this method it is possible to describe the geometry, the axis-position of the torch, the powder injection properties, and the temperature distribution in of the spray-spot. Especially for the automated production in high quantity the spray-spot analysis is a useful assistance for the operator because the detector reacts very sensitive on small changes of the process conditions. With regard on important fields of application (e.g., gas turbine production) the sensor is suitable to detect drifting spray system parameters. Also, the progression of wear at the nozzle, injector and electrode can easily be estimated. In recent research the in-situ spray spot analysis is being developed further for the characterization of multipair electrode plasma generators.
Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis of the Laser Heat Treatment of WC-17Co Thermally Sprayed Coating
Authors: Manoj M. , Burela R. G. , Dzhurinskiy D. , Babu A. , Gupta A. , Harursampath D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, laser-based post-processing of thermally sprayed coatings has gained significant attention as an alternative post-processing route; to mitigate the microstructural defects such as pores, microcracks, and splat boundaries associated with thermally sprayed coatings. Optimisation of the parameters for the laser post-processing is of paramount importance to maintain the required properties of these coatings. The current thermo-mechanical model simulates the impact of laser heat treatment on thermally sprayed Tungsten Carbide Cobalt (WC-17Co) coating and AISI 316L as substrate. A sequentially coupled transient thermal and structural analysis is performed. Transient temperature field from thermal analysis due to laser source will become input loads for the subsequent stress-strain analysis with appropriate boundary conditions. Both the coating and substrate are given temperature-dependent material properties. A gaussian heat flux distribution is used to model the laser source. The finite element analysis results underline the importance of temperature gradients and the presence of thermally induced stress-strain fields responsible for promoting coating degradation. The obtained results also revealed that heat input and dimensional characteristics play a vital role in the annealing treatment's efficacy. Three separate test cases were considered wherein the hatch spacing was varied, keeping the other parameters (scan speed, laser power, and laser spot diameter) constant. The impact of hatch spacing on the temperature and residual stress distribution across the coating was assessed by this simulation. Residual compressive stress was observed in the coating for two out of the three test cases, which further improved the durability of the coating.
Cold Spraying Onto Notched Surfaces: Scanning Acoustic Microscopy as a Tool for Evaluation of the Interface Quality
Authors: Koller M. , Janovská M. , Ševčík M. , Seiner H. , Kondas J. , Singh R. , Cizek J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) technique is used for studying the character and interface quality of cold sprayed Fe coatings deposited onto notched Al-based substrates. Three notch geometries were used: a rectangular notch, a trapezoidal notch with a flat bed, and a trapezoidal notch with a cylindrical bed. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated an increased porosity and cracks at the areas where the spraying direction was not perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. The SAM measurements were then performed on thin plates cut vertically across the notches such that the scanned area included the locations of the increased porosity and their surroundings. The resulting distributions of longitudinal wave velocities and their attenuation revealed that the affected area is more complex and the mechanical response of the coatings could be limited not only at areas of the visible porosity, but also in their vicinity.
Latihan Pliometrik dan Latihan Berbeban terhadap JumpingSmash Atlet Bulutangkis
Authors: Syahriadi Syahriadi 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of plyometric training and weight training on the UKO Padang State University (UNP) Badminton Jumping Smash. This research method is a quasi-experimental method. The results of this study indicate that: 1) plyometric exercises have a significant influence on the leg muscle explosive power to support jumping smash of badminton athletes, 2) burdened training gives a substantial effect on leg muscle explosive ability to help to drop crash of badminton athletes, 3) plyometric exercises with exercise burden was carry out together. There is a significant effect on leg muscle explosive power to support the jumping smash of badminton athletes. Conclusion, burden training has a substantial impact on leg muscle explosive ability to support the badminton athlete's jumping smash

Keywords: Plyometric and Load Training, Jumpingsmash
Pengembangan Penghitungan Kapasitas Volume Oksigen Maksimal (Vo2max) Menggunakan Tes Lari 2,4 KM Berbasis Aplikasi Android
Authors: Millah Haikal , Priana Ari 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to develop a calculation of the maximum oxygen volume capacity using a 2.4km run test based on an android application. The method in this study uses research and development (Research and Development). Samples taken from the data for application trials were 10 people who did the 2.4 km run test. The results of the application manually are no different. This android application has a tutorial feature that aims to use this application. In addition, there is a menu for calculating vo2max and physical fitness level values. The determination of the value of the level of physical fitness is based on the general category of non-athletes. Users can calculate vo2max calculation starting from 1 person and there is a menu to count up to 10 people at once. This application is equipped with a data store feature using the SQLite database, so users can store data on the results of a 2.4 km run test. With this application, it can help sports practitioners in conducting physical endurance tests using the 2.4 km running test.
Keywords: Vo2max Calculation, Android Application, Running Test 2.4 KM
Somatotype Pemain Bola Voli Indoor Putra Pekan Olahraga Mahasiswa Nasional Kontingen Sumatera Barat
Authors: Rifki Muhamad Sazeli , Rahmat Arif , Welis Wilda 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the somatotype of indoor men's volleyball players national sports week contingent of West Sumatra in 2019. The measuring instrument used in this study uses a scale to measure weight, a meter to measure height, skinfold caliper to measure fat thickness, calipers to measure the width of bones and lila bands to measure the circumference of the arms and calves. This research is descriptive research. The method used is a survey method with data collection techniques using anthropometric tests and measurements. The population in this study were 14 male indoor volleyball players. the data analysis technique used descriptive percentage analysis. The results of this study show that male indoor volleyball somatotype players have 7 players somatotype or body type mesomorph ectomorph or 50%, mesomorphic ectomorph body type as many as 5 players or 36%, balanced ectomorph body type as much as 1 player or 7%, and body type ectomorph as many as 5 players Endomorphic ectomorph body as much as 1 player or 7%. In conclusion, the indoor men's volleyball player at the National Student Sports Week is already suitable for volleyball.
Keywords: Somatotype, Volleyball, POMNAS
Perbedaan Tingkat Kecerdasan Emosional Siswa Berdasarkan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Olahraga Permainan
Authors: Tresnadiani Dini , Wardani Fibrianti Kusuma 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the level of emotional intelligence of high school students who take extracurricular sports games based on the type of sport and gender. The research method used is descriptive quantitative survey techniques on 168 high school students who take part in sports game extracurricular activities. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the level of emotional intelligence of students who took part in extracurricular activities in individual and team sports, but based on gender there were significant differences in the level of emotional intelligence in students who took part in sports extracurricular activities in the Majalengka area. In conclusion, the level of emotional intelligence of students who take extracurricular sports games is included in the moderate category and there are no differences in students based on the type of sport. While based on gender there are differences in the level of emotional intelligence with female students having higher abilities than male students.
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Students, Sports Games, Types of Sports
Dampak Shooting Three Point Plyometric dan Ladder terhadap Hasil Shooting Three Point Bola Basket
Authors: Taufik Argian Rizki , Ma’mun Amung , Mulyana Mulyana 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the impact of three point plyometric and ladder shooting impacts on Bola basket three point shooting results. The research method used was experiment. The research was used group pretest-posttest designs. The population was extracurricular students of SMAN 9 Bandung were of 20 participants. 10 participants in the three point plyometric shooting group, 10 participants in the three point ladder shooting group, samples were taken by purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was a three-point shooting test for one minute through the treatment of 18 meetings. Analysis of research was used normality test, homogeneity test, paired sample t-test and independent sample-test. In conclusion, three point plyometric shooting exercises have a significant effect compared to three point ladder shooting exercises on the improved of three point shooting results.
Keywords: Basketball, Ladder, Plyometric Shooting Three Point
Pengembangan Aktivitas Gerak Berbasis Modifikasi Permainan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Keterampilan Motorik pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Salman Erick , Darsi Helvi 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to produce a motor learning module through game modification in elementary school children and can be used by sports and health physical education teachers (PJOK) in learning. This research is a development research (education research and development (R & D) with the Dick and Carey model approach. There are 7 steps of the Dick and Carey model, namely: (1) development of information in the field; (2) analysis information; (3) developing the initial product (draft module); (4) expert validation and revision; (5) small-scale field trials and revisions; (6) large-scale field trials and revisions; and (7) making the final product. used in this development research, namely: (1) interviews; (2) teacher observations; and (3) questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) validation results obtained from Expert experts obtained 80.1% (2) small-scale trials on 12 grade III students at SD Negeri 51 Lebong obtained 75.3%; (3) large-scale product trials on 40 grade III and IV students at SD Negeri 32 Lebong obtained 78 , 5%; (3) m the developed toothpaste is categorized as good in improving children's motor skills. In conclusion, the motion activity module through game modification can improve motor skills in elementary school children and is feasible to be applied to learning.
Keywords: Movement Activities, Motor Skills, Game Modification
Pengembangan Model Latihan Mental melalui Teknik Hypnotheraphy Berbantuan Musik Instrumental untuk Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Atlet
Authors: Fatahilah Adika , Firlando Rais 
Published: September 2022

Research purposes; (1) produce an effective training model using hypnotheraphy techniques assisted by instrumental music to increase the concentration of athletes. The test subjects were 15 male athletes from various sports in Lubuklinggau city. This study uses the reseach and development (RND) method with the following steps: (1) preparation for developing an exercise model, (2) designing a hypothetical model, (3) testing the feasibility of a hypothetical model, (4) improving the hypothetical model, (5) field testing , (6) the final product. The results of the research model are structured based on: (1) rational, (2) vision and mission of training, (3) training objectives, (4) training content, (5) system support, (6) training procedures, (7) evaluation and action and continue. The trial results were effective for increasing the concentration of athletes and there was an increase in the average score of 6.8 or 50.06%. It is reinforced by the results of the Wilcoxon test that the training model is effective for increasing the concentration of athletes. Obtained a value of 0.001 smaller than <0.05, the hypothesis can be Ha accepted. In conclusion, the developed model of hypnotheraphy technique assisted by instrumental music is effective to increase athletes' concentration
Keywords: Hypnotheraphy and Instrumental Music, Concentration
Efektivitas Metode Latihan Global dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bermain Sepakbola
Authors: Riyoko Endie , Rizhardi Rury 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of global exercise methods in improving soccer skills in soccer lectures. The research method used is pre-experimental research with the type of the one group pretest-posttest design which aims to see an increase in Football Playing Skills in the Football Game subject after being given the form of the Global training method and seeing the quality of learning outcomes of these subjects before and after being given the Global training method. . The research subjects were 30 students who took the Football Game course, the research subjects were determined with the consideration of the class that had Football Playing Skills problems. Data collection techniques using a football playing skills test. The data obtained were analyzed using a paired sample t-test with the help of the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 21.0 program. The results showed that tcount (11.57)> ttable (1.70). This means that the research hypothesis can be accepted. Thus it can be concluded that the global training method is effective in increasing the ability to play football
Keywords: Global Methods, Football Skills