bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN VO2 MAX PADA ATLET LARI JARAK JAUH PPLM UNIMED
Authors: Batubara Addis Abeba , Sinaga Rika Nailuvar 
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kadar hemoglobin dan VO2 Max pada atlet lari jarak jauh PPLM Unimed, Seluruh sample pada penelitian ini merupakan seluruh atlet lari jarak jauh PPLM. Yang di laksanakan di stadion Unimed. Jensi penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan metode test pengukuran. Dari hasil olah data untuk variabel VO2 Max secara keseluruhan dari 7 orang diperoleh nilai maksimum = 64,4, nilai minimum = 55,4, rata-rata (mean) = 58,87, median = 58,40 dan standart deviasi = 2,79. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat VO2 Max pada atlet lari jarak jauh PPLM Universitas Negeri Medan seluruhnya berkategori sangat baik, serta Haemoglobin secara keseluruhan dari 7 orang diperoleh nilai maksimum = 18, nilai minimum = 10,7, rata-rata (mean) = 14,10, median = 13,20 dan standart deviasi = 2,69. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat Haemoglobin pada atlet lari jarak jauh PPLM Universitas Negeri Medan sebanyak 1 orang kadarnya rendah dan 6 orang kadarnya normal. uji normalitas (Test of Normality) uji Shapiro Wilk dapat dilihat nilai significancy untuk masing-masing kelompok semuanya > 0,05, karena nilai probabilitas (p) lebih besar dari 0,05 (p > 0,05) maka data kedua kelompok berdistribusi “normal”. Dari uji korelasi pearson didapatkan nilai p > 0,05 (p = 0,460). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa korelasi antara Hemoglobin dan VO2 Max adalah tidak bermakna. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa : kadar hemoglobin dan VO2 Max di dapati bahwasannya tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna dari kedua variable.
RANCANGAN ALAT GYM MUNTHE STRENGTH
Authors: Munthe Teza Andika , Zulaini Zulaini 
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan suatu produk alat Gym Munthe Strength yang telah yang telah di modifikasi dengan latiahan leg press pada member Gym D & R dengan konsep ergonomi yang menghasilkan alat Gym Munthe Strength yang nyaman dan mudah digunakan pada saat latihan leg press. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tempat member Gym D & R pancing, Jalan Wiliam Iskandar, pengambilan data dimulai dari mulai Januari – Febuari 2019. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 10 orang. Peneltian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan mengacu pada model pengembangan dan Borg & Gall, yang dibatasi pada beberapa tahap saja. Tahap-tahap tersebut meliputi : (1) , tahap pengumpulan data informasi; (2) tahap perencanaan; (3) tahap pengembangan produk. (4) tahap Validasi dan uji coba. Dari hasil validasi ahli pada modifikasi produk alat gym munthe strength dinyatakan bahwa alat gym munthe strenght dengan modifikasi penambahan pengikat pada kaki untuk latihan leg press dengan skor 81,5 dan 81, kategori baik sekali. Maka rancangan yang sudah dirancang layak digunakan.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH LATIHAN MULTIBALL DAN LATIHAN PUSHING PLAY TERHADAP KETEPATAN PUKULAN BACKHAND PADA PERMAINAN TENIS MEJA MAHASISWA IKOR UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
Authors: Siregar Ira Purnama 
Published: April 2022

Latihan multiball dan latihan pushsing play dapat meningkatkan keterampilandalam ketepatan pukulan backhand saat bermain tenis meja tetapi Mahasiswa IKOR tidak melakukan latihan multiball dan latihan pushing play sehingga saat bermian tenis meja terlihat kurangnya keterampilan ketepatan pukulan backhand.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh latihan multiball dan latihan pushing play terhadap ketepatan pukulan backhand drive pada permainan tenis meja mahasiswa Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Medan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Gedung Serbaguna Universitas Negeri Medan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Ilmu Keolahragaan sebanyak 10 orang. Latihan multiball dan latihan pushing play dilakukan dengan frekuensi 3 kali seminggu, selama 6 minggu. Test ketepatan pukulan backhand dilakukan di awal sebelum diberikan perlakuan (Pre-Test) dan diakhir setelah diberikan perlakuan (Post-Test). Teknik analisa data pada penelitian ini menggunakan ­uji-t. Hasil statistik uji-t didapatkan ada peningkatan ketepatan pukulan backhand setelah diberikan lathan multiball dan latihan pushing play,dan ada perbedaan pengaruh latihan multiball dan latihan pushing play terhadap ketepatan pukulan backhand dengan nilai rata-rata kelompok latihan multiball (2,10) dan nilai rta-rata latihan pushing play (1,948). Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa latihan multiball lebih baik dibandingkan dengan latihan pushing play terhadap ketepatan pukulan bakchand Mahasiswa IKOR Universitas Negeri Medan.
PERBEDAAN AKTIVITAS FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG DAN INTENSITAS BERAT TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Handayani Fitri 
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang dan aktivitas fisik intensitas berat terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan juni 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan design post-test only control group design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah tikus putih jantan berjumlah 30 ekor, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok secara random setiap kelompok terdiri dari 10 ekor tikus, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok P1 dan kelompok P2. Pemberian aktifitas fisik pada tikus diberikan dengan frekuensi 3 x seminggu selama 2 minggu. Sebelum tikus diberikan perlakuan terlebih dahulu tikus diberikan makan diet tinggi lemak (hiperkolestrolemia) sebanyak 2 kali sehari selama 2 minggu. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengambilan darah secara intrakardial. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah dengan menggunakan Blood Glucose Test. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji non parametrik Kruskall Wallis. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kadar glukosa darah (p=0.003; p< 0.05) pada ketiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang dan aktivitas fisik intensitas berat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah aktivitas fisik intesitas sedang dan berat tidak dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara kelompok P1 dan P2 dimana kadar glukosa darah pada kelompok aktivitas sedang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok aktivitas berat
Russia's sanctions policy in the context of the First World War
Authors: Zakharchenko Petro 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the sanctions policy of the Russian Empire towards the countries that were its opponents in the First World War. Such states included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, which joined forces in the military bloc of the Central Powers to fight the Allies.
The victories of the member states of the Entente bloc were forged not only on the fronts, but also achieved through the partial or complete abolition of trade, financial and economic relations with the countries of the Fourth Bloc. The aim of this paper is to study and comprehend the experience of imposing sanctions by the Russian Empire against states that participated in the war against it during the war of 1914-1918. , which is waging a long-running hybrid war with Ukraine. The article demonstrates an example of an adequate response of state institutions to encroachment on the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country. It has been proved that immediately after the start of hostilities, measures were taken against the subjects of the states fighting against Russia to limit their legal capacity and legal capacity. They could be deported both outside the country and outside its individual localities.
These people were allowed to enter Russia only with the permission of the relevant authorities. Merchant ships of countries fighting against Russia, seized in Russian ports, were detained. Merchant ships built for foreign countries were confiscated and converted for military purposes.
Investment policy has also been revised. This is confirmed by the approval by the Russian emperor in 1915 of the Regulations on the Liquidation of Trade Enterprises Belonging to Enemy Citizens, which referred to the liquidation of enterprises and joint-stock companies that co-owned with Russian nationals. It is noteworthy that only those enterprises that operated at the expense of German, Austrian, Hungarian or Turkish investments were subject to liquidation. Other normative legal acts abolished the right of ownership of land of the same group of foreign citizens.
The result of the scientific article was the conclusion that by applying the emergency legislation, the Russian government did everything possible to prevent national security from financing the citizens of those countries that were at war with it.
Legal problems of protection of land plot possession under real estate object
Authors: Nikolov D. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of protection of state and communal land plot possession under real estate in situations where the private owner of real estate has neither ownership nor the right to use such land, and the authorized owner (state or local community) does not transfer such right or transferred it to a third party.
The author examines the phenomenon of land possession under real estate in the context of the principle of unity of the legal fate of the land and real estate located on it. According to the author, in determining the model of protection of land possession under real estate, this principle is the starting point for building such a model.Possession of land plot under real estate in terms of “registration” and “actual” models of ownership is analyzed in the article. According to the author, the disposal of land plot from “registration” possession is impossible only due to the change in the register of landowners, because possession of land plot by the owner of real estate located on it is fixed (and announced) directly by law and record of ownership on the real estate.The author explores an alternative approach to determining the rights of the real estate owner in relation to the land plot under it, namely the property “right of expectation”. According to the author, such an approach is currently controversial in terms of the systematics of real property rights and the specifics of their protection.The article examines the specifics of the subject and grounds of the claim in the event when the owner of the land transferred the right to land not to the owner of the real estate, but to a third party. The author substantiates the approach according to which in such cases a proper way of protection will be a lawsuit to remove obstacles, and the legal grounds of the claim may be fictitious transaction, violation of public order and fraud.The author also pays attention to the modern understanding of the discretion of the powers of the authorities and expresses the opinion that in modern realities in some cases the courts must meet the requirements by which government decisions are recognized as adopted and permits issued.
Protection of intellectual property from unfair competition by the bodies of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine
Authors: Borsuk N. 
Published: April 2022

The article identifies the nature and forms of unfair competition in the form of misuse of business reputation of the entity, its consequences for the original company, outlines areas of comprehensive counteraction to such violations, reveals their content, mechanisms of protection of infringed intellectual property rights from unfair competition by the bodies of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine are considered.
It is analyzed that a significant part of violations in the form of unfair competition occurs in the field of intellectual property. However, intellectual property is often the subject of illegal actions by third parties and therefore needs legal protection. The results of intellectual activity can be protected through various options for the protection of intellectual property rights. For example, appropriate measures may be taken to prohibit the illegal use of intellectual property through legislation to protect against unfair competition.
Unfair competition and intellectual property law are interrelated institutions, as they have one legal nature - the Paris Convention of 1883. This international act established provisions on protection against unfair conferences in terms of protection and protection of unregistered designations. Responding to manifestations of unfair competition is one of the priority tasks for the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine.
The study concluded that the illegal use of intellectual property is usually related to the actions of the entity that could cause confusion about a competitor, its products or activities. Such confusion may result from the violation of exclusive rights to intellectual property and the means of individualization, which may qualify as unfair competition.
Within the framework of the article, an analysis of cases on the practice of application by the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine of the legislation on protection against unfair competition in recent years was carried out.
Advocate self-government bodies in the system of public government bodies: concepts and functions
Authors: Beck Uliana 
Published: April 2022

The article outlines the place of bar self-government bodies in the system of public administration bodies, in particular, defines the concepts and their functions. It was found that the bar self-government is a state-guaranteed right of the bar community to independently decide on the organization and activities of the bar in accordance with the Law “On Bar and Bar”. Given the peculiarities of self-governing bodies of lawyers and their exclusive functions
in the system of public administration can be defined as defined in the Law “On Advocacy and Advocacy” and bylaws defining areas of implementation of their tasks, comprehensive solution of which should promote optimal implementation in advocacy legal dominants - the rule of law, legality, independence, confidentiality, avoidance of conflicts of interest.
It is noted that in the system of public administration, bar self-government bodies perform a number of functions due to their goals and objectives. Such functions include the function of forming a highly professional and corruption-tolerant bar, the function of setting ethical standards for advocacy, and the protective and security functions. To implement them, the bar self-government bodies have been given a number of powers, including those delegated by the state.
. Impact for public administration of the results of concretization of administrative and legal norms during judicial enforcement
Authors: Doiar Ye. 
Published: April 2022

Having studied the legal implications for public administration of concretisation of administrative law during judicial application of law, the author substantiates that the pivotal direction of the impact of judicial application of law on the performance of governance functions by administrative authorities is the fulfillment by administrative courts of their purpose by interpreting and applying administrative law conducting, where necessary, their concretisation for the use of applicable legal provision for fair, accurate and comprehensive settlement of disputes relating rights and obligations of administrative-legal relations parties. This is particularly the case in complex law-application situations involving conflicts and gaps in the provisions of administrative law or stemming from the need to apply the law in systemic interconnection with general and sectoral goals and principles of administrative laws and regulations. Author refers to case-law concerning tacit consent in administrative permitting system. Interpreting tacit consent clause in conjunction with the general principles of the permitting system and of the purpose of this legal instrument, administrative courts stressed the inadmissibility of abusing of tacit consent aimed at enabling businesses to engage in certain economic activities even though they have not complied with the relevant regulatory
requirements and seek to circumvent the control component of permitting procedures, misusing the tacit consent instrument for this purpose. As a result, the courts have identified those grounds for evoking tacit consent, that are based on the objectives and principles of the legislation on the permitting system in the field of economic activities and do not directly and clearly follow from the literal normative definition of tacit consent in the provisions of this legislation. The case-law as well determines safeguards preventing abusive practices of private entities, striving to circumvent requirements of the legislation on the permitting system, and, furthermore, it outlines improper procedural administrative practices that facilitate misuse of the tacit consent.
The concept and content of administrative and legal support of public control
Authors: Pashchynskyi O. 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to define the concept and features of the administrative and legal support of public control.
The author substantiates that in the context of the modern development of social relations, the issues of defining the concept and content of administrative and legal support of public control acquire an urgent importance and require detailed scientific research.
The article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the concepts of “security”, “legal support” and “administrative and legal support”. Attention is focused on the fact that some of the scientists
note the procedural aspect of understanding this concept. Another part of scientists notes the activity aspect, proposing to consider legal support as a specific activity, which is manifested in the continuous activities of legal entities, state bodies, public organizations, officials and citizens. The article argues that the most correct for understanding and disclosing the essence of “legal support” is precisely the activity approach, because this phenomenon is associated with the performance of a certain set of actions. Thus, in the context of the study, we can conclude that legal support is the activity of the state, state authorities and local self-government regulated by the norms of law, aimed at ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals, as well as their implementation.
The article establishes that the presence of effective administrative and legal support for public control over the activities of local self-government bodies in Ukraine allows: 1) to clearly delineate the competence to perform certain actions in the field of public control; 2) find out the features of the functioning of public control; 3) identify conflicts of administrative and legal support of public control.
It has been determined that the administrative and legal support of public control is the activity of subjects of state power, regulated by law, aimed at ensuring the functioning, ordering, development and protection of public relations in the field of activities of local self-government bodies through the commission of organizational, legal and administrative actions of a public nature in order to fulfill tasks and implementation of the goals of public control.
The author has proved that the system of elements of the content of administrative and legal support of public control consists of two key groups, which include: 1) main elements: object, subject, administrative and legal relations; 2) additional elements: principles, means, methods, forms and methods.
State flight safety of civil aircraft
Authors: Polyanska A. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the system of state regulation and management of flight safety, the definition of the subjects of such activities. The research methodology is based on the methods of documentary analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, objective truth, which allows to systematically trace the impact of legal regulation in the field of air transport. As a result, it was stated that state regulation is an important component in ensuring the safety of flights of civil aircraft. With proper legal regulation, a high level of aircraft safety will be ensured. The state policy of ensuring the safety of aircraft in civil aviation is a set of goals, objectives, priorities, principles, strategic programs and planned measures developed and implemented by public authorities, which allows the state to achieve its goals in the aviation industry, using legal, economic, administrative and other methods and means of influence, based on available resources. The peculiarity of this public policy is that, first, it is closely linked to both foreign and domestic processes in the country; secondly, has a great influence on the development of all socio-economic
relations; thirdly, it is provided by a system of public administration bodies headed by the head of state; fourth, it is quite dynamic and costly; fifth, it needs constant control and adjustment by the state. State regulation of flight safety of civil aircraft consists in the formation of state policy and development strategy, defining tasks, functions, conditions of state bodies and use of Ukrainian airspace, application of aviation security measures, adoption of mandatory aviation rules of Ukraine, state control over their implementation and establishing responsibility for their violation. Analysis of flight safety and aviation statistics in recent publications and studies.
The results of the analysis of statistical data on aviation events that have occurred over the past six years indicate a significant deterioration in flight safety during aviation operations, both in absolute and relative accident rates.
To increase the level of flight safety, public authorities and aviation entities should take effective measures to implement a safety management system in accordance with the requirements of ICAO, the European Aviation Safety Agency and the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) [4, с. 117].
Experience of prevention e-commercial fraud in the USA
Authors: Konovalova I. 
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the prevention of electronic trade and commercial fraud in the United States of America. It is noted that the scientific area of research of modern fraud requires constant empirical updating and theoretical understanding in the field of Crivinology and Victimology, in particular, in the area of fraud research in the sphere of electronic commerce and trade.
The basis of the scientific Crimean-logical analysis was a complex combination of philosophical (in particular, dialectic), general scientific (synthesis, analysis, indouction, and generalization) and special-scientific methods.
For the purpose of this work, in particular, the peculiarities of prevention of electronic trade and commercial fraud in the USA are justified, namely: 1) the rules of special laws on prevention of online fraud in the sphere of electronic commerce and trade are described; 2) the subjects which carry out work on prevention of this type of criminal offense are defined; and 3) considered the latest technologies used in this field. Special attention is paid to the formal-established rules of protection of online shops of the USA from various kinds of threats of fraud, which are aimed at reducing their risk in the sphere of electronic trade and considered important tools of detection and prevention of fraud.
The conclusions set out universal mechanisms for effective prevention of criminal offenses in this sphere, the elaboration of which will further develop conceptual measures of state policy on counteraction to fraud; and create a program of action for law enforcement bodies.