bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major depressive disorders increase the susceptibility to self-reported infections in two German cohort studies
Authors: Elpers Henning , Teismann Henning , Wellmann Jürgen , Berger Klaus , Karch André , Rübsamen Nicole 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In several claims-based studies, major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with increased risk of hospitalization due to acute infections. It remains unclear if this is a causal effect, and if it generalizes to an increased susceptibility to infections.

Methods
We used data of the BiDirect (n = 925) and the HaBIDS (n = 1007) cohort studies to estimate the effect of MDD on self-reported infections, which were assessed with identical infection susceptibility questionnaires in both studies. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to examine if there was a dose–response relationship between depressive symptom severity and self-reported infections.

Results
BiDirect participants with MDD diagnosis (48%) had a higher risk of lower respiratory tract infections (incidence rate ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval [1.00–1.75]), gastrointestinal infections (1.68 [1.30–2.16]) and fever (1.48 [1.11–1.98]) after adjusting for confounders identified by a directed acyclic graph approach. There was a dose–response relationship, i.e. individuals with higher CES-D scores reported more infections. Effect sizes were similar in HaBIDS (4% individuals with MDD).

Conclusion
We found increased risks of mild infections in patients with MDD diagnosis and a dose–response relationship between depressive symptom severity and infection frequency. While causal immunological pathways remain unclear, the results of our study might contribute to a change in prevention strategies, e.g. by recommending vaccination against influenza and S. pneumoniae to MDD patients because observed effect sizes in our study are similar to those of patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases for which the respective vaccinations are recommended.
“The language of Dirac’s theory of radiation”: the inception and initial reception of a tool for the quantum field theorist
Authors: Ehberger Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 1927, Paul Dirac first explicitly introduced the idea that electrodynamical processes can be evaluated by decomposing them into virtual (modern terminology), energy non-conserving subprocesses. This mode of reasoning structured a lot of the perturbative evaluations of quantum electrodynamics during the 1930s. Although the physical picture connected to Feynman diagrams is no longer based on energy non-conserving transitions but on off-shell particles, emission and absorption subprocesses still remain their fundamental constituents. This article will access the introduction and the initial reception of this picture of subsequent transitions (PST) by conceiving of concepts, models, and their representations as tools for the practitioners. I will argue for a multi-factorial explanation of Dirac’s initial, verbally explicit introduction: the mathematical representation he had developed was highly suggestive and already partly conceptualized; Dirac was philosophical flexible enough to talk about transitions when no actual transitions, according to the general interpretation of quantum mechanics of the time, occurred; and, importantly, Dirac eventually used the verbal exposition in the same paper in which he introduced it. The direct impact of PST on the conception of quantum electrodynamical processes will be exemplified by its reflection in diagrammatical representations. The study of the diverging ontological commitments towards PST immediately after its introduction opens up the prehistory of a philosophical debate that stretches out into the present: the dispute about the representational and ontological status of the physical picture connected to the evaluation of the perturbative series of QED and QFT.
Hybride Analyse einer Bogenstaumauer mit einem neuralen Netzwerk und Quantilsregression
Authors: Pirker Manuel , Zenz Gerald 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Vorhersage und Interpretation von Verformungsmessungen zur Bewertung der Sicherheit von Talsperren auf der Grundlage von früheren Überwachungsdaten ist heute eine der häufigsten Aufgaben von Talsperrenverantwortlichen. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgaben werden deterministische und statistische Ansätze verwendet. Finite-Elemente-Modelle bieten die Möglichkeit, das Verhalten von Talsperren sehr detailliert zu untersuchen, wenn sowohl mechanische Parameter als auch geotechnische und geologische Informationen verfügbar sind. Im Vergleich zu statistischen Modellen mangelt es ihnen jedoch häufig an Vorhersagegenauigkeit aufgrund des zeitabhängigen Verhaltens der Rheologie und eingeschränkter Informationen über die geologischen Bedingungen. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn nur begrenzte Daten zur Kalibrierung von Materialmodellen und Kontaktbedingungen, z. B. zwischen den einzelnen Blöcken, zur Verfügung stehen. Die hybride Modellierung kombiniert die Vorteile beider Ansätze. Das ICOLD Technical Committee on Computational Aspects of Analysis and Design of Dams rief zu einem Workshop über das Verhalten und die prädiktive Analyse einer doppelt gekrümmten Bogenmauer auf. Für die gestellte Aufgabe wird ein Finite-Elemente-Modell erstellt und anhand verfügbarer Überwachungsdaten kalibriert. Anschließend wird ein rekurrentes neuronales Netz mit denselben Daten und den Ergebnissen der Finite-Elemente-Analyse trainiert, um dessen mangelnde Vorhersagegenauigkeit zu kompensieren. Es wird gezeigt, dass dieses Verfahren nicht nur die Qualität der Modellierung verbessert, sondern auch Unzulänglichkeiten des mechanischen Modells aufdeckt. Darüber hinaus werden aus neuronalen Netzen mit Quantilsregression Vorhersageintervalle abgeleitet, um Warnstufen zu definieren und Anomalien in den Überwachungsdaten zu erkennen.
V-FPGAs: Increasing Performance with Manual Placement, Timing Extraction and Extended Timing Modeling
Authors: Pfau Johannes , Zaki Peter Wagih , Becker Jürgen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVirtual FPGAs (V-FPGAs) are used as vendor-independent virtualization layers, to retrofit features which are not available on the host FPGA and to prototype novel FPGA architectures. In these usecases, the achievable clock frequencies of V-FPGA user applications are a major concern. The abstraction layer inherently induces overhead, but this aspect is reinforced by nonuniformity effects: When V-FPGA cells perform worse locally, basic architecture modeling generalizes these worst-case path delays to the whole device, limiting applications to a lower frequency than theoretically achievable. We propose three approaches to attenuate these effects: First we introduce uniformity metrics and manual V-FPGA placement strategies for more uniform placement, improving achievable frequency by 16 %. Second, we propose a framework for automated timing extraction, enabling individual characterization of each V-FPGA design. Third, after evaluating Vivado synthesis strategies, we extend the timing model for non-uniform timings, achieving improvements of up to 28 %.
Depletion-induced seismicity in NW-Germany: lessons from comprehensive investigations
Authors: Gudehus Gerd , Lempp Christof , Scheffzük Christian , Műller Birgit I. , Schilling Frank R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvaluating various investigations for north-German gas fields, we discuss past and actual evolutions of the rock fabric in the light of dilatant driven and spontaneous contractant critical phenomena. Features of the latter were discovered by multi-stage triaxial tests with water-saturated sandstone samples and were similarly observed around the gas fields. A Mohr–Coulomb condition with quasi-local stress components ($${\hat{\sigma }}'_1$$

σ
^

1
′

and $${\hat{\sigma }}'_3$$

σ
^

3
′

), and variable parameters $$\phi $$
ϕ
’ and $${{\hat{c}}}'$$

c
^

′

, can capture successive critical states of the solid fabric. The implied driven dilatation up to a collapse with contraction is captured by a stress-dilatancy relation. Fractal patterns of shear bands (faults) dominate if the smallest principal stress $${\hat{\sigma }}'_3$$

σ
^

3
′

exceeds $${{\hat{c}}}'$$

c
^

′

, otherwise cracks dominate and can lead to a rockburst. Triaxial tests with X-ray attenuation, seismometry including the splitting of shear waves and/or neutron beam diffraction contribute to clarification and validation. Seismic early warning and calculation models for various geotechnical operations with dominating faults can thus be improved, but the task is more difficult for rockbursts.
Beweg-Gründe im Alter
Authors: Richter Lukas , Gösenbauer Barbara 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Körperliche Bewegung gilt als ein Schlüsselfaktor für die Gesundheitserhaltung im Alter, wobei die COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“), wie Studien zeigen, zu einer Reduktion der körperlichen Aktivität beigetragen hat und es nun Überlegungen bedarf, wie eine (Re‑)Aktivierung der älteren Bevölkerung gelingen kann. Ein Ansatz ist hierbei zu fragen, welche Faktoren körperliche Aktivität bereits vor der Pandemie positiv beeinflusst haben, um diese durch Interventionen gezielt anzusprechen.

Fragestellung
Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, in einer multivariaten Analyse jene wichtigen Faktoren körperlicher Aktivität zu identifizieren, um so (Re‑)Aktivierungschancen aufzuzeigen.

Material und Methode
Die hierfür durchgeführte Analyse mittels multipler logistischer Regression stützt sich auf Daten einer standardisierten, repräsentativen Telefonbefragung (n = 2042) der 60-jährigen und älteren Bevölkerung im österreichischen Bundesland Niederösterreich, die im Frühsommer 2019 durchgeführt wurde.

Ergebnisse
Ein positiver Gesundheitszustand sowie motivationale Faktoren erhöhen die Chance auf regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität. Die soziale Komponente sowie die Überzeugung, dass Sport der Gesundheit guttut, steigern ebenfalls die Wahrscheinlichkeit, Bewegung zu machen. Soziodemografische Faktoren abseits des Einkommens konnten im Modell hingegen nicht als signifikante Prädiktoren identifiziert werden.

Schlussfolgerungen
Um die (Re‑)Aktivierungschancen zu erhöhen, bedarf es Maßnahmen, welche die körperliche Aktivität als Mittel zu unterschiedlichen Zwecken älterer Menschen begreifen.
A Novel ATM Antisense Transcript ATM-AS Positively Regulates ATM Expression in Normal and Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Cheng He , Zhang Er-shao , Shi Xiao , Cao Ping-ping , Pan Bei-jing , Si Xin-xin , Liu Yue , Yang Nan , Chu Ying , Wang Xu-chun , Han Xiao , Zhang Zhi-hong , Sun Yu-jie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is a master regulator in cellular DNA damage response. The dysregulation of ATM expression is frequent in breast cancer, and is known to be involved in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The bioinformatic analysis predicted a potential antisense transcript ATM-antisense (AS) from the opposite strand of the ATM gene. The purpose of this study was to identify ATM-AS and investigate the possible effect of ATM-AS on the ATM gene regulation.

Methods
Single strand-specific RT-PCR was performed to verify the predicted antisense transcript ATM-AS within the ATM gene locus. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of ATM-AS and ATM in normal and breast cancer cell lines as well as in tissue samples. Luciferase reporter gene assays, biological mass spectrometry, ChIP-qPCR and RIP were used to explore the function of ATM-AS in regulating the ATM expression. Immunofluorescence and host-cell reactivation (HCR) assay were performed to evaluate the biological significance of ATM-AS in ATM-mediated DNA damage repair. Breast cancer tissue samples were used for evaluating the correlation of the ATM-AS level with the ATM expression as well as prognosis of the patients.

Results
The ATM-AS significantly upregulated the ATM gene activity by recruiting KAT5 histone acetyltransferase to the gene promoter. The reduced ATM-AS level led to the abnormal downregulation of ATM expression, and impaired the ATM-mediated DNA damage repair in normal breast cells in vitro. The ATM-AS level was positively correlated with the ATM expression in the examined breast cancer tissue samples, and the patient prognosis.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that ATM-AS, an antisense transcript located within the ATM gene body, is an essential positive regulator of ATM expression, and functions by mediating the binding of KAT5 to the ATM promoter. These findings uncover the novel mechanism underlying the dysregulation of the ATM gene in breast cancer, and enrich our understanding of how an antisense transcript regulates its host gene.
Talent as a social construction: Proposing a constructivist conceptualization of athletic talent
Authors: John Jannika M. , Thiel Ansgar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTalent identification, selection, and development represent critical areas of inquiry for sport scientists as indicated in the large amount of research attention dedicated to these topics. However, talent researchers rarely explicitly discuss their underlying conceptual understanding of “talent”.Within this article, we approach the construct “talent” from the perspective of social constructivism. We consider talent as a social construction that is historically changing and contextually embedded. Organizations that act as “purchasers” of talent (sports clubs, youth squads, etc.) have to develop ideas about which athletes represent the best fit against the background of the performance conditions within the respective sport (in the sense of possessing the set of characteristics that is most promising for future success). The purpose of these organizational “talent” descriptions is to try to ensure that the person with the highest chance of being successful is promoted. However, multidimensionality, asynchronicity, and discontinuity of talent development make the prediction of sporting success extremely difficult. Talent development needs to be thought of as an iterative process that is highly individualized and idiosyncratic. To make a person fit to the expectations of an organization requires a high degree of flexibility, reflexivity, and, not least, patience from talent development programs.Using the example of athletic talent, we show that the principles of constructivism provide a useful terminological, theoretical, and methodological basis for the empirical analysis of the complex process of talent emergence and development. Methodologically, idiographic approaches are needed that explore the intrinsic dynamics of talent development pathways.
A Scientific Analysis of the Three-Step Test: Through the Lenses of International and Australian Laws
Authors: Koutras Nikos , Rigby Haydn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper examines the open access movement and its principles concerning creative outputs and related access opportunities, considering copyright protection. The international and ongoing integration of open access practise has brought about a reconsideration of foundational principles of copyright law. The paper's discussion considers the three-step test legal edifice, which is deeply rooted in international copyright law, and argues that its importance and application is of paramount importance regarding potential revisions of copyright law that would need to introduce open access provisions.
Some Remarks on the Notion of Paradox
Authors: Oms Sergi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that the traditional characterization of the notion of paradox — an apparently valid argument with apparently true premises and an apparently false conclusion — is too narrow; there are paradoxes that do not satisfy it. After discussing, and discarding, some alternatives, an outline of a new characterization of the notion of paradox is presented. A paradox is found to be an apparently valid argument such that, apparently, it does not present the kind of commitment to the conclusion that should be implied by an acceptance of the truth of the premises and the validity of the argument.
Crossed cerebellar diaschisis-related supratentorial hemodynamic and metabolic status measured by PET/MR in assessing postoperative prognosis in chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients with bypass surgery
Authors: Cui Bixiao , Shan Yi , Zhang Tianhao , Ma Yan , Yang Bin , Yang Hongwei , Jiao Liqun , Shan Baoci , Lu Jie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Cerebral ischemic status is an indicator of bypass surgery. Both hemodynamics and glucose metabolism are significant factors for evaluating cerebral ischemic status. The occurrence of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is influenced by the degree of supra-tentorial perfusion and glucose metabolism reduction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the CCD-related supra-tentorial blood flow and metabolic status before bypass surgery in patients with chronic and symptomatic ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the prognosis of surgery.

Methods
Twenty-four participants with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease who underwent hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) before bypass surgery were included. Arterial spin labeling (ASL)-MR and FDG-PET were used to measure blood flow and metabolism, respectively. The PET images were able to distinguish CCD. The supratentorial asymmetry index (AI) and volume in the decreased blood flow region, decreased metabolism region and co-decreased region on the affected side, except for the infarct area, were respectively obtained before bypass surgery. The neurological status was determined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Differences between CCD-positive (CCD +) and CCD-negative (CCD−) groups were investigated.

Results
Fourteen (58%) of the 24 patients were diagnosed as CCD +. Before surgery, the NIHSS and mRS scores of the CCD + were significantly higher than those of the CCD− (1.0(1.0) vs. 0.0(1.0), P = 0.013; 1.0(1.5) vs. 0.0(1.5), P = 0.048). After the surgery, the NIHSS and mRS scores of the CCD + showed a significant decrease (0.0(1.0) to 0.0(0.0), P = 0.011; 0.0(0.5) to 0.0(0.0), P = 0.008). Significant differences were observed in the supra-tentorial decreased metabolism region (all Ps ≤ 0.05) between the CCD + and CCD− groups, but no differences were observed in the preprocedural decreased supratentorial blood flow region (P > 0.05). The preprocedural NIHSS score was strongly correlated with the metabolism AI value in the decreased metabolism region (r = 0.621, P = 0.001) and the co-decreased region (r = 0.571, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
Supratentorial blood flow and metabolism are important indicators of CCD. This study showed that CCD + patients benefited more from bypass surgery than CCD− patients. Staging based on CCD-related supra-tentorial blood flow and metabolic status by hybrid PET/MR may help to personalize treatment.
Simulation Model for Biogas Project Efficiency Maximization
Authors: Nurgaliev T. , Koshelev V. , Müller J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract A simulation method (SM), linear programming method (LPM), project evaluation methods (PEMs), and whole farm modeling (WFM) were applied to analyze the investment appeal of a biogas project on a Russian farm. The biogas project was evaluated for constant input parameters. The project efficiency evaluation procedure was elaborated to evaluate and maximize biogas investment project efficiency. The procedure to evaluate the project efficiency includes defining the optimal state of the farm for the situations “with project” and “without project.” The main elements for optimization are the equipment for anaerobic digestion, substrate blend structure, fertilizing plan, cost plan, and farm production structure. The optimization was fulfilled by simulation modeling (SM) and LPM. The situations “with project” and “without project” were compared by using PEMs, the main indicators of project efficiency: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (PBP), and profitability index (PI). The optimal substrate blend structure was defined by the direct search method (DSM) to select the probe providing the highest NPV afterward. The procedure to maximize biogas project efficiency was applied to justify the benefits of biogas production on the farm under corresponding conditions and to work out the recommendations for businesses and municipalities.
Impact of Myocardial Fibrosis on Cardiovascular Structure, Function and Functional Status in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Lewis Gavin A. , Rosala-Hallas Anna , Dodd Susanna , Schelbert Erik B. , Williams Simon G. , Cunnington Colin , McDonagh Theresa , Miller Christopher A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyocardial fibrosis, measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance extracellular volume (ECV), is associated with adverse outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, but the mechanisms by which myocardial fibrosis exerts this deleterious effect are unclear. We performed mediation analyses of data from the Pirfenidone in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (PIROUETTE) trial to determine whether myocardial fibrotic regression causes changes in cardiovascular function and functional status following antifibrotic therapy. Regression of myocardial fibrosis correlated with improvements in 6-min walk test and KCCQ clinical summary score. The only outcome variable that demonstrated a treatment effect was an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The estimated average causal mediation effects of myocardial ECV, absolute myocardial extracellular matrix volume and absolute myocardial cellular volume on LVEF were 6.1%, 21.5% and 13.7%, respectively, none of which was significant and therefore not mediated by myocardial fibrosis. (PIROUETTE; NCT02932566).
Graphical Abstract
Application of geospatial technology coupled with fuzzy logic operations in mapping soil-erosion critical zones: the case of guder sub-basin, upper blue nile basin, ethiopia
Authors: Haile Mesfin Mamo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study attempted to map soil-erosion critical zones in the Guder sub-basin in Ethiopia. To map soil erosion sensitive areas, a digital elevation model (12 m × 12 m spatial resolution), precipitation data covering 30 years, soil type, and land use were utilized as inputs. Fuzzy logic techniques based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were integrated and analyzed on the ArcGIS 10.5 platform. Five contributing variables were considered as potential causes associated to soil-erosion in the study. Slope, land use, soil type, rainfall, and compound topographic index are the variables. Fuzzy membership values were constructed to generate the rankings of each parameter and their subclasses. Researcher and expert judgment with a survey of the previous studies were used to determine the membership value for each thematic layer and their classes. As a result, the soil-erosion zone map revealed very high, high, moderate, low, and very low erosion susceptibility with areal percentage distribution of 4.96%, 67.48%, 25.41%, 1.88%, and 0.27%, respectively. The study's findings were validated using cross-relationship of the contributing elements and the final map, which revealed strong relationships. The study's findings would help decision-makers and policymakers plan and implement effective watershed management strategies in highly vulnerable locations to soil erosion. Fuzzy logic approaches, when combined with GIS, have been proven to be a basic tool for determining erosion important locations. The final soil erosion map revealed that the majority of the studied areas were prone to soil erosion as a result of agricultural practices, necessitating integrated soil and water conservation practices.