bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidants and antigenotoxic properties of Rhizopus oligosporus fermented cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Egbune Egoamaka O. , Ezedom Theresa , Anigboro Akpovwehwee A. , Aganbi Eferhire , Amata Alex-Ifo , Tonukari Nyerhovwo J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of solid state fermented cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using Rhizopus oligosporus were investigated. Solid state fermentation was carried out for 72 hours at room temperature under acidic and basic conditions. Total phenolic content were significantly (p<0.05) higher for peeled and unpeeled cassava when compared to fermented forms at pH 7 and 5, respectively. Similarly, the total flavonoid contents of peeled and unpeeled cassava at pH 4 and 7 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in fermented cassava. The Allium cepa assay was used to assess the antigenotoxic effects of unfermented and fermented peeled and unpeeled cassava. The fermented extracts did not induce chromosomal type aberrations in the treated cells. The present study thus showed that R. oligosporus has the ability to breakdown cassava and considerably increase the antioxidant properties in fermented cassava peeled and unpeeled, which may serve as natural antioxidants in industrial broiler chickens.
Circulating Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and the Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among People with Diabetes: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Jensen Paul N. , Fretts Amanda M. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , McKnight Barbara , Howard Barbara V. , Umans Jason , Sitlani Colleen M. , Siscovick David S. , King Irena B. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Lemaitre Rozenn N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins have been independently linked to diabetes risk, glucose and insulin levels, and the risk of several cardiovascular (CVD) outcomes. However, whether individual ceramide and sphingomyelin species contribute to CVD risk among people with type 2 diabetes is uncertain. Our goal was to evaluate associations of 4 ceramide and 4 sphingomyelin species with incident CVD in a longitudinal population-based study among American Indians with diabetes.Methods: This analysis included participants with prevalent diabetes from two cohorts: a prospective cohort of 597 participants in the Strong Heart Family Study (116 incident CVD cases; mean age: 49 years; average length of follow-up: 14 years), and a nested case-control sample of 267 participants in the Strong Heart Study (78 cases of CVD and 189 controls; mean age: 61 years; average time until incident CVD in cases: 3.8 years). The average onset of diabetes was 6-7 years prior to sphingolipid measurement in both cohorts. Sphingolipid species were measured using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cox regression and logistic regression were used to assess associations of sphingolipid species with incident CVD; results were combined across cohorts using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis.Results: There were 194 cases of incident CVD in the two cohorts. In meta-analysis of the 2 cohort results, higher plasma levels of Cer-16 (ceramide with acylated palmitic acid) were associated with increased CVD risk (HR per two-fold higher Cer-16: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.05-3.25), and higher plasma levels of sphingomyelin species with a very long chain saturated fatty acid were associated with decreased CVD risk (HR per two-fold higher SM-22: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.26-0.87), although none of the associations met our pre-specified threshold for statistical significance of p=0.006.Conclusions: While replication of the findings from the SHS in other populations is warranted, our findings add to a growing body of research suggesting that ceramides, in particular Cer-16, not only increase diabetes risk, but may also increase CVD risk after diabetes onset. We also find support for the hypothesis that sphingomyelins with a very long chain saturated fatty acid are associated with lower CVD risk among adults with type 2 diabetes.
In vitro Properties of Methanol Extract and Sodium Alginate of Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh Brown Seaweed Collected from Malaysia
Authors: Jamie Mei-Lin Kok  , Ching-Lee Wong  
Published: April 2022

The edible brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh was harvested from the coastal region of Malaysia. In this study, analysis of the nutrition and metal content in the methanol extract showed positive for sodium, potassium, magnesium, vitamins A and E and arsenic contamination. The brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) revealed the extract to be non-toxic with LC50 value of 15.60 mg mL?1 (LC50 > 1). The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the methanol extract were measured through various bioassays. The structural and physicochemical characterisation of the NaAlg, analysed through the 1H-NMR analysis revealed the M:G ratio of NaAlg at 0.733 with mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) fractions at FM = 0.423 and FG = 0.577, respectively. The degraded NaAlg through methods of ultraviolet irradiation and sonication showed an increment in the in vivo antioxidant activities at intervals of 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of polysaccharides taken before and after UV irradiation showed breakage of covalent bonds and thus, increase in the intensity of both O?H and C?O stretching vibrations. Therefore, the increment in antioxidant activities observed in the treated samples were related to changes seen in their molecular structures.

Rumpai laut coklat yang boleh dimakan, Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh dituai dari kawasan pantai Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, analisis kandungan nutrisi dan logam dalam ekstrak metanol menunjukkan ia positif untuk natrium, kalium, magnesium, vitamin A dan E dan pencemaran arsenik. Brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) mendedahkan ekstrak tersebut tidak bertoksik dengan nilai LC50 15.60 mg mL?1 (LC50 > 1). Aktiviti antioksidan dan antibakteria ekstrak metanol diukur melalui pelbagai bioassai. Pencirian struktur dan fizik NaAlg yang dianalisis melalui analisis 1H-NMR, mendedahkan nisbah M:G NaAlg pada 0.733 dengan pecahan manuronik (M) dan guluronik (G) masing-masing pada FM = 0.423 dan FG = 0.577. NaAlg yang dinyahgred melalui kaedah sinaran ultraviolet (UV) dan sonikasi menunjukkan peningkatan dalam aktiviti antioksidan in vivo pada selang masa 15 minit, 30 minit, 60 minit, 90 minit dan 120 minit. Spektra FTIR polisakarida yang diambil sebelum dan selepas sinaran UV menunjukkan kerosakan ikatan kovalen dan dengan itu, peningkatan dalam keamatan kedua-dua getaran regangan O?H dan C?O. Oleh itu, peningkatan dalam aktiviti antioksidan yang diperhatikan dalam sampel yang dirawat berkait dengan perubahan yang dilihat dalam struktur molekul.
Morphometric and Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Muscles of Five Demersal Seafoods Sampled in Nigerian Coastal Waters
Authors: Fajana Oluwafemi Paul , Adeboyejo Akintade 
Published: April 2022

This study examined the morphometric and heavy metals accumulated in the muscles of five demersal sea-foods: Parapenaeopsis atlantica, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus notialis, Portunus validus and Cynoglossus browni from Nigerian coastal waters. 506 deep frozen samples (at -200C) each of the five demersal species were taken upon arrival from thirty-one (31) industrial fishing trawler vessels owned by a private fishing company in Lagos, Nigeria. Samples were thawed and morphometric characteristics such as weight, total length, standard length, body depth and carapace length/head length were measured. The heavy metals [Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd)] were analyzed using 210 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The morphometric characteristics revealed that P. atlantica and P. notialis showed no significant difference in mean values only for their carapace lengths while both species showed statistically different observations for other variables. The order of the heavy metals mean concentration was Zn>Fe>Pb. As and Cd had relatively very low values of <0.01mg/kg while Hg was not detected in all samples. The findings of this study revealed high and increasing values of Zinc in all five demersal species under consideration exceeding maximum limits for FAO/WHO and NIS (Nigerian Industrial Standard). The zinc value of the species appears to be contained in this order; P. notialis > C. browni > P. monodon > P. validus >P. atlantica. However, Iron value for P. atlantica is above the limit of FAO/WHO. Consumption of the species invariably leads to a rise in the Zinc contents in diets and in humans which may cause gastrointestinal disorders, kidney and liver abnormal functioning especially in infants and children while other heavy metals contained in the species do not pose a threat to human health.
Demand-side water management using alternative water sources based on residential end-use
Authors: Otaki Y. , Otaki M. , Chaminda T. , Matsui T. , Bokalamulla R. , Thathsarani R. , Joganathan T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Demand-side water management in developing countries should ideally involve controlling the use of piped water supply and securing water sources that complement it to ensure sustainable use. To investigate the feasibility of incorporating these factors, we conducted a survey in Galle, Sri Lanka. First, an end-use survey was conducted to understand current and near future water use. The results indicated that the toilet, kitchen, clothes washing, and bathing related per capita water consumption in Galle was significantly lower than that in Colombo. The results also suggested that increases in indoor water needs cannot be supplemented via piped water supply only; it is necessary to consider alternative water sources, such as rainwater. Second, the residents' acceptance of rainwater usage for each indoor use was surveyed and it was found that acceptance depended on knowledge levels regarding rainwater harvesting.
Characterization of biosorption potential of Brevibacillus biomass isolated from contaminated water resources for removal of Pb (II) ions
Authors: Chintalapudi Vinay Kumar , Kanamarlapudi Ramya Krishna S. L. , Mallu Useni Reddy , Muddada Sudhamani 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Various activities of different industries are found to be the main reason for water pollution with heavy metals. Use of microorganisms that are tolerant even of a high concentration of metal ions could be a valuable tool for remediation of contaminated water resources. In the present study, microorganisms that showed high resistance to lead ions were isolated and evaluated for biosorption efficiency for removal of lead ions from waste water. Biochemical identification and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolated strain was Brevibacillus. The conditions of pH, biomass concentration, temperature, time, agitation and Initial concentration of metal for biosorption of Pb (II) were optimized. Based on induction coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis, the biosorption efficiency of Brevibacillus at optimized conditions of initial metal concentration of 150 μg/mL, 1 g/L of biomass dose, pH 6.0, 40 °C, for 12 h at 80 rpm was 78.58% and the biosorption capacity (qe) is 128.58 mg/g of the biosorbent. Of the three isotherm models investigated, the Freundlich isotherm model was identified as a good fit with high correlation coefficient, while kinetic data followed the pseudo first order model as best fit. Surface characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed morphological changes with a bulged rod-shape cell having metal depositions and rough texture. The presence of lead within the cell was detected by transmission emission microscopy (TEM). The key functional groups that participate in biosorption were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and were found to be carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino and phosphate groups. From the real-time study, it proves that the biomass of Brevibacillus can be used as a promising biosorbent for removal of metals including lead from waste water.
Rodzice czy państwo – kto pełni większą rolę w procesie wychowania?
Authors: Krasucka Agnieszka 
Published: April 2022

Na świecie coraz częściej państwa oraz instytucje państwowe przejmują rolę głównego wychowawcy dziecka. Wobec powyższego faktu, celem artykułu jest zaakcentowanie problematyki zagrożeń ideologizacji dzieci. Uczynione to będzie na przykładzie wybranych losowo państw: Hiszpanii, Niemczech i Stanów Zjednoczonych. Rodzice, zgodnie z nauką Kościoła Katolickiego, są pierwszymi i głównymi wychowawcami dziecka. Państwo nie powinno pozbawiać rodziny tych zadań, które może ona spełniać sama. Władze cywilne są także zobowiązane wspierać rodzinę i zapewniać jej niezbędną pomoc. Niestety w wielu państwach dzisiejszego świata ta zasada nie jest przestrzegana, szczególnie na terenie szkolnictwa. Promowana jest permisywna edukacja seksualna, ideologia gender i LGBT. Ucząc się na błędach wymienionych powyżej krajów, Polska nie powinna dopuścić do tego, by państwo miało większą władzę wychowawczą niż rodzice.
Globalisation's Impact on Local Food Identity in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Md Ramli Adilah , Mohd Noor Harifah , Afrizal Teuku 
Published: April 2022

This study aims at the impact of globalisation on local food identity in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. This study surveyed 422 domestic tourists from Peninsular Malaysia using questionnaires as the research instrument. Tanjung Aru, Likas, and Universiti Malaysia Sabah are the study venues. Results showed that respondents agree with the statements under the globalisation awareness (item2, =4.15±2.534); localisation (item 2, =4.04±0.666); food intake (item 2, = 4.01±4.007). Regarding local food identity, respondents agreed with the statements under sustainability ( = 4.41± 0.693). There is a moderate relationship between globalisation and local food identity with = 0.593 (p <0.05).
Keywords: Local food, Globalisation, Identity, Tourism
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. Adilah Md Ramli, NorFatihah Muslim, Harifah Mohd Noor, Teuku Afrizal. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3242
A Review of Urban Biodiversity Management: Local Authority approach
Authors: Ahli Norziana , Suratman Robiah , Hosen Nadzirah , Jagun Zainab Toyin 
Published: April 2022

The urban area is rapidly expanding, with the population expected to triple in the next eight years. This situation might harm the urban biodiversity population in the city. When the areas in the town become limited, the places for urban biodiversity living might be narrowed and replaced to fulfill urban dwellers’ needs. In addition, the population of fauna species is declining, whereas flora species are gaining popularity among city dwellers. This study highlights the role of the Local Authority in managing the fauna species in terms of conservation in urban areas.
Keywords: Urban Biodiversity; Local Authority; Management
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. PThey are publishedfor AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3250
Stress and Conflict During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Impact on Petaling Jaya Police Officers
Authors: Ab Rahman Farah Adilla , Mohd Jody Jeniwaty , Mohd Noor Nurul Hidayana , Mohd Yusof Mohd Idham , Harsono Dwi 
Published: April 2022

Police officers play a crucial role in guaranteeing the safety of residents by protecting their lives. However, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, police officers were supposed to organize local shutdowns, promote social distance, and enforce stay-at-home orders. Hence, this research aims to identify potential sources of stress, and causes of conflict. The respondents are the police officers from Petaling Jaya District Police Headquarter. Data is collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Findings show that most police officers feel stressed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with their workload.
Keywords: Conflict; COVID-19; police officers; stress
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3251
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Death in the United States: Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Uan-I , Xu Hua , Krause Trudy Millard , Greenberg Raymond , Dong Xiao , Jiang Xiaoqian 
Published: April 2022

Background
Since the initial COVID-19 cases were identified in the United States in February 2020, the United States has experienced a high incidence of the disease. Understanding the risk factors for severe outcomes identifies the most vulnerable populations and helps in decision-making.

Objective
This study aims to assess the factors associated with COVID-19–related deaths from a large, national, individual-level data set.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted using data from the Optum de-identified COVID-19 electronic health record (EHR) data set; 1,271,033 adult participants were observed from February 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, until their deaths due to COVID-19, deaths due to other reasons, or the end of the study. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate the risks for each patient characteristic.

Results
A total of 1,271,033 participants (age: mean 52.6, SD 17.9 years; male: 507,574/1,271,033, 39.93%) were included in the study, and 3315 (0.26%) deaths were attributed to COVID-19. Factors associated with COVID-19–related death included older age (80 vs 50-59 years old: hazard ratio [HR] 13.28, 95% CI 11.46-15.39), male sex (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.57-1.80), obesity (BMI 40 vs <30 kg/m2: HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.50-1.96), race (Hispanic White, African American, Asian vs non-Hispanic White: HR 2.46, 95% CI 2.01-3.02; HR 2.27, 95% CI 2.06-2.50; HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.65-2.57), region (South, Northeast, Midwest vs West: HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33-1.98; HR 2.50, 95% CI 2.06-3.03; HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.64), chronic respiratory disease (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12-1.32), cardiac disease (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19), diabetes (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.75-2.10), recent diagnosis of lung cancer (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.14-2.55), severely reduced kidney function (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.69-2.19), stroke or dementia (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.15-1.36), other neurological diseases (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.59-1.98), organ transplant (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09-1.67), and other immunosuppressive conditions (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.46).

Conclusions
This is one of the largest national cohort studies in the United States; we identified several patient characteristics associated with COVID-19–related deaths, and the results can serve as the basis for policy making. The study also offered directions for future studies, including the effect of other socioeconomic factors on the increased risk for minority groups.
Popular and Scientific Discourse on Autism: Representational Cross-Cultural Analysis of Epistemic Communities to Inform Policy and Practice
Authors: Gauld Christophe , Maquet Julien , Micoulaud-Franchi Jean-Arthur , Dumas Guillaume 
Published: April 2022

Background
Social media provide a window onto the circulation of ideas in everyday folk psychiatry, revealing the themes and issues discussed both by the public and by various scientific communities.

Objective
This study explores the trends in health information about autism spectrum disorder within popular and scientific communities through the systematic semantic exploration of big data gathered from Twitter and PubMed.

Methods
First, we performed a natural language processing by text-mining analysis and with unsupervised (machine learning) topic modeling on a sample of the last 10,000 tweets in English posted with the term #autism (January 2021). We built a network of words to visualize the main dimensions representing these data. Second, we performed precisely the same analysis with all the articles using the term “autism” in PubMed without time restriction. Lastly, we compared the results of the 2 databases.

Results
We retrieved 121,556 terms related to autism in 10,000 tweets and 5.7x109 terms in 57,121 biomedical scientific articles. The 4 main dimensions extracted from Twitter were as follows: integration and social support, understanding and mental health, child welfare, and daily challenges and difficulties. The 4 main dimensions extracted from PubMed were as follows: diagnostic and skills, research challenges, clinical and therapeutical challenges, and neuropsychology and behavior.

Conclusions
This study provides the first systematic and rigorous comparison between 2 corpora of interests, in terms of lay representations and scientific research, regarding the significant increase in information available on autism spectrum disorder and of the difficulty to connect fragments of knowledge from the general population. The results suggest a clear distinction between the focus of topics used in the social media and that of scientific communities. This distinction highlights the importance of knowledge mobilization and exchange to better align research priorities with personal concerns and to address dimensions of well-being, adaptation, and resilience. Health care professionals and researchers can use these dimensions as a framework in their consultations to engage in discussions on issues that matter to beneficiaries and develop clinical approaches and research policies in line with these interests. Finally, our study can inform policy makers on the health and social needs and concerns of individuals with autism and their caregivers, especially to define health indicators based on important issues for beneficiaries.