bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flea Beetle Control with Soil Applied Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Jones G. A. , Knipper E. T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco variety Ky 14 was transplanted Jun 19 in Maury silt loam soil at a spacing of 18 inches within the row. Individual plots were 5 rows x 30 ft. Row spacing was 42 inches and plots were separated by 2 skip rows. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 3 replications. Fertilization consisted of 200 lb/acre of 5-10-15, broadcast 1 day prior to transplanting. Weed control was by pebulate at 2.0 lb ai/acre pre-transplanting. Granular chemicals were applied with a Cyclone seeder and liquid chemicals were applied with a CO2 sprayer which had 4 nozzles and was operated at a ground speed so as to apply the material in water at 25 gal/acre. All materials were applied prior to transplanting and incorporated to a depth of 2 inches with a disk harrow. Plots were not irrigated but rainfall was sufficient for good quality and production. Carbofuran 10G was used as the the standard for comparisons. At present, carbofuran 4F and disulfoton 15G also have federal registration for use on burley.
Orthene Spray to Control Flea Beetle and Green Peach Aphid on Burley Tobacco, 1979
Authors: Jones G. A. , Knipper E. T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco ‘Ky 14’ was transplanted Jun 12 at Northfarm, Lexington, in silt loam soil. At transplanting, 6 row plots measuring 21.7 ft x 30 ft were replicated 4 times per treatment in a randomized block design. The spray schedule included 5 different treatments: 1) sprayed at transplant only; 2) sprayed weekly during each of the first 3 weeks following transplanting; 3) sprayed mid-season at time of growth regulator application; 4) sprayed every week; 5) sprayed bi-weekly; and 6) not sprayed at all (check). Orthene was applied at 0.75 lb ai/acre by a TX 12 nozzle Hahn Hi-Boy at 35 lb pressure which produced 30 gal/acre. Insects were counted on 5 plants in each of the 2 center rows of each plot. A growth regulator was applied with the same equipment Aug 15. Twenty-four plants were harvested from each plot Sep 5 and yields of cured tobacco were measured Dec 11
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetles and Apterous Green Peach Aphid on Burley Tobacco, 1981
Authors: Jones G. A. , Knipper E. T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco ‘Ky 14’ was transplanted Jun 8 at Northfarm, Lexington in Maury silt loam soil. Prior to spraying, plots were laid out in single 25 ft x 3.5 ft rows with an untreated row adjacent to each treated row. Rows were spaced 42 inches apart with 18 inches between plants. Eleven foliar insecticides were tested in a randomized block design replicated 3 times. One insecticide application was applied Aug 21 with 0.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 10 gal/acre. Live flea beetle counts and apterous aphid ratings were taken from 5 plants in each replication 2 days after application and 5 days after application to measure the longevity of the insecticide’s effect.
Laboratory Insecticide Screening Against Wireworms, Yakima, Washington, 1980
Authors: Toba H. H. , Turner J. E. , Hill W. Nob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil was Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidlc Haploxerolls) with an organic matter content of less than 0.5/6. The larvae were field-collected and of medium size. The bioassays were conducted as follows: Insecticides were mixed with air-dry soil in a Twin shell blender for 10 min, distilled water was added (6.8 parts:100 parts soil by weight) and mixed for another 10 mln, and the treated soil was placed in 0.5 pt glass fruit jars. Dosage rates simulated broadcast treatments, and the incorporation of materials 6 inches deep in soil. One boiled wheat grain was pushed down ca 1 inch into the soil of each jar. One wireworm was then placed on the soil of each jar; only those that burrowed into the soil within 2 min were used in the test. The jars were covered with plastic lids and were held In a laboratory maintained at ca 20-25°C. Each treatment consisted of 10 jars (replicates), and Dyfonate was included in each test as a standard. Once a week, each jar was checked to determine mortality, the soil and larva were returned to the jar, new boiled wheat grain was added, and moisture, if required, was added to the soil as required. Percent mortality for any given week was based on the weekly cumulative total of dead larvae and moribund larvae that died the following week.
Scots Pine, Control of a Pine Needle Scale, Lake Co., Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen David G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pinus sylvestris growing in a Christmas tree plantation were used to evaluate effectiveness of 2 insecticides against newly settle crawlers. A KWH mistblower operating at peak rpm’s was used to deliver ca 105 ml (15 sec) or 210 ml (30 sec) of finished spray to each of 3, single tree replicates per treatment on May 23. Ambient temperature was 24°C with partly cloudy skies and a slight breeze. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated May 30 by collecting infested needle fascicles from each tree and placing them in individual coin envelopes. Foliage was transported in an airconditioned vehicle to the laboratory where control was assessed by counting the number of living and dead nymphs in the first 100 encountered under a dissecting microscope. All insecticidal treatments gave excellent c
Commercial Traps for the Gypsy Moth, 1981
Authors: Cameron E. Alan , Loerch C. R. , Cameron Bain A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Commercially available traps are being marketed by at least 2 companies for use in an “Integrated pest management program” for gypsy moth control. Two examples of each of 3 types of traps were deployed in a residential neighborhood in State College, PA. Moth capture data obtained during the peak adult flight period (Jul 10-July 21, i.e., 24 traps-days per trap type) were used to assess the relative efficiency of the traps. Traps were at a density of 1 per 9375 ft2; manufacturers’ recommendations are 1 trap/10,000 ft . A hypergeometric design was used, in which each trap was placed for 24 hr in each of the 6 positions exactly once in each of the 2 successive 6-day periods. The 2 Health-Chem traps are essentially 2 qt cardboard milk cartons, with a laminated Luretape wick containing racemic disparlure and an insecticidal strip containing 2-(1-Methylethoxy) phenol methyl carbamate, within the trap. Two ports, each 1“x3/8” and protected by a hood, are cut in each side of the trap. The Lure ‘n Kill homeowner trap is green, the Hereon community use trap is orange; otherwise the traps are identifical. The Bag-A-Bug gypsy moth trap has a clear plastic hood on a green container (volume cal-1/3 qt); six 15/16“x3/8” entrance ports are located under the hood. Hollow fibres dispense the (t)-disparlure bait; 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate is the active ingredient in the toxic insect strip for killing moths which enter the trap.
Bagworm Control on Arborvitae, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parneil L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One heavily infested arborvitae ca 30 ft high was selected for treatment. Insecticides were applied on Jun 29 using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer, and were applied to runoff. On Jun 30, mortality was determined by collecting 4 samples from each treatment, and placing them in the greenhouse at 120°F for 30 minutes. Live larvae began moving immediately.
Control of Oystershell Scale on Green Ash, Carroll Co., Ohio, 1980
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A commercial planting of 304 m tall ash trees was used to evaluate efficacy of selected insecticides against oystershell scale crawlers. Infested trees were selected, tagged, and sprayed Jun 5, using a KWH mistblower applying ca 1380 ml per min. Thorough coverage was applied to 3 single-tree replicates per treatment. Ambient temperature was 22°C with clear skies and a slight breeze. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 6 days post-treatment. Sampling was conducted by removing 2-3 small branches with numerous crawlers. A dissecting microscope was used to observe samples in the laboratory for living and dead first stage nymphs.
Control of Fall Webworm on Birch and Crab Apple, Wayne and Carroll Co., Ohio, 1981
Authors: Akers R. C. , Nielsen D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Crab apple trees (2.5 -4m tall) growing in a nursery and birches (3 - 4 m tall) growing at the OARDC were chosen for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides. A KWH mistblower operating at peak rpm’s was used to deliver 946 ml of finished spray to each of 3 replicate trees, each containing at least 1 active web. Caterpillars were ca 12-14 mm long on the day of treatment (Aug 6) when skies were partly cloudy, 27°C, with a 10 kph breeze. Finished spray was directed toward both webbing and surrounding foliage. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 1 week after application by pulling webs apart and counting living and dead larvae. Bacillus treatments on birch were re-evaluated 2 and 3 weeks post-treatment; crab apples were sprayed with MetaSystox-R by the nurseryman after the first sampling, precluding further evaluation.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control in Turf, 1980
Authors: Hellman John L. , Frishman Maria , Wilson Alvin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied to a 2 yr old sod near Goldsboro, Caroline County. Turf damage at time of treatment was light and the thatch measured less than 0.2 inch. Precounts averaged 18 grubs per 3 sq ft. Precounts and treatments were made on Sep 16. Plots were 10 x 10 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. All grub count samples were made with a sod cutter adjusted to cut 1/2 inch below the thatch. Granular treatments of Diazinon and Dursban were applied with a Scott’s drop spreader and the remaining granules by hand shaker can. Liquid treatments were applied in 2 gal of water distributed in 2 directions across the plot with a sprinkling can. All plots received 2 gal of water immediately after the treatments were applied. Plots received an additional 0.5 inch rain within 6 hr after treatment application. Post-treatment counts were made on Oct 1 and Oct 10.
Control of White Grubs in Turfgrass, 1981
Authors: MacMonegle C. W. , Randell R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated for control of annual white grubs (larvae of the southern masked chafer) infested a lawn in Urbana, Illinois. A single application of each insecticide was applied to an established Kentucky bluegrass lawn with less than 0.5 inch of thatch on Jul 27, approximately 3 weeks after peak adult flight. Plots were 10 x 20 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Sprays were applied with a hose-end sprayer and granular formulations were applied using a rotary granular spreader. All treatments were irrigated immediately after application with sufficient water to wet the first 0.5 inch of soil. Post-treatment counts of larvae were made on Sep 8 by examining 10 random 4.25 inch diameter plugs (1 sq ft) from each plot. Number of live larvae (grubs) found in a 2 inch zone below the soil line were recorded.
Control of Annual White Grubs in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1980
Authors: Potter Daniel A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted in a heavily infested (ca 40 grubs/0.1 m2) golf course fairway in Lexington, Kentucky, with a mixed population of C. immaculata and C. borealis. Thatch accumulation was 1.25-1.60 cm, and temperature at the time of treatment (Aug 1) was 30.6°C, with sunny skies and wind velocity ca 15 km/h. Egg hatch was estimated at greater than 90%, and all grubs were 1st or 2nd instars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 replications. Individual plots were 1.8 x 2.5 m, with a 0.31 m boundary between all plots. Granular materials were] mixed with sand and hand shaken over the pots. Liquid formulations were mixed with water at the proper rates and applied with an Amchem Meter Miser sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gal per 5,000 sq ft. After treatments were applied, the entire site was irrigated with 1.5 cm of water using the golf course sprinkler system. Grub populations were sampled at 1 and 3 weeks post-treatment by taking five 20 cm diameter by 7.5 cm deep turf plugs from each plot. Grub counts were transformed to X + 1 prior to analysis of variance, and the means re-transformed for presentation in the table.
Dipping Containers to Control Black Vine Weevil Larvae on Yew, Wayne Co., Ohio, 1981
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two yr old yews growing in #2 containers with a medium consisting of 1 part sandy (by volume) to 5 parts PAYGRO composted hardwood bark (with 1 lb magnesium, 2 lb sulphur, =1 lb iron sulphate (0-46-0), and 4 lb nitrogen/cubic yard), to which Osmocote 932 g/container) and Scotts Plus 21-3-11 fertilizer (19 g/container) were added, were used for evaluating usefulness of selected insecticides as pot dips to control larvae. Only containers with plants showing moderate to heavy leaf notching were used. Ten containers (replicates) per treatment were submersed in 1 of 4 treatments for 1 min and then allowed to drain for 4 min over the dipping container on Oct 27. Plants were left outdoors overnight and then moved to a polyhouse and not watered for 2 weeks. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated Nov 10 by inspecting the contents of each container for larvae.
Deltic 21EC Phytotoxicity Test on Woody Ornamentals, Alabama, 1981
Authors: Cobb Gary S. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of Deltic 21EC were applied to 9 container-grown woody ornamental species to evaluate phytotoxicity or ornamentals that might be oversprayed during lawn treatments for flea or tick control. The experiment was conducted oudoors in full sun at the Auburn University Ornamental Horticulture Field Station, Mobile, AL. Treatments were replicated 4 times for each species in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate was a single plant growing in a 1 gal plastic pot filled with a growing medium of milled pine bark and sandy clay, 5:1, v/v. Sprays were applied over the top of the plants to run-off using a hand-pumped, compressed air sprayer equipped with fan nozzle on Jul 14.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Propargite, Virginia, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on 9 species of field-grown ornamental plants at X, 2X and 4X rates. This corresponds to 0.45, 0.9 and 1.8 lb ai/100 gal of Omite 30W. Treatments were applied on Jul 28 using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off. Evaluation for possible injury was conducted on Aug 6 and 13. Temperature at the time of treatment was 75°F. Rainfall from Jul 28 to Aug 13 was 2.02 inches. No phytotoxicity was observed on any of the 9 species tested.
Apple, Insecticide Trials on Apple Aphid, 1981
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Single tree plots of 6 year old Golden Delicious trees in a randomized block design were used for this experiment. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Apple aphids were evaluated by examining 25 randomly selected terminals per tree for aphids. Infestation was found to range from 96-100 percent of the terminals. Treatments were applied on Jun 4 with a Bean 35 gal/min (132.49 liters/min) hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi (21.09 kg/cm ). Trees were sprayed to run-off. A second application was made in a similar manner on Jun 15. In addition to the materials being evaluated, others used included metiram (Polyram), mancozeb (Manzate), thiophanate-methyl (Topsin), phosalone (Zolone), azinphosmethyl (guthion) and captan.
Field Test of Ectiban Permethrin in 3 Methods of Application For Control of Horn Flies and Face Flies on Pastured Cattle, 1981
Authors: Turner E. C. , Beck Andrew F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three herds of cattle were treated with Ectiban permethrin, either as impregnated bands, as a low-pressure, high-concentration spray, or as a high-pressure, low-concentration spray. A fourth herd was treated with Ectrin eartags, and a fifth, untreated herd served as a control. Counts of horn flies and face flies and face flies were made on 10 animals in each treatment group (herd) on days 1, 3, and 5, and then each week for 13 wk. All herds except the controls were mixed-breed or Hereford cow-calf herds; the control herd was mixed-breed, yearling cattle. The 2 spray treatments were applied to all animals in the herd, but impregnated bands and eartags were not applied to calves. Percent control is defined as the difference between the treated count and the untreated count, divided by the untreated count and multiplied by 100%.
Field Test of Larvadex for the Control of House Flies and Certain Other Diptera in Caged-Layer Manure, 1981
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Turner E. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvadex 0.3% premix was added to a layer diet at a final dosage of 1.5 ppm ai and fed to 2 groups of ca 700 laying hens each, housed separately on a poultry farm in Pulaski, VA. Each house also contained ca 700 untreated birds. Treatment was continuous for 14 wk, 17 Jun-23 Sep. Each week, 3, 200 ml subsamples of manure were collected from each treatment in each house and held for 25 days, at which time adult house flies, lesser house flies, and calliphorid flies (predominately Phormiaregina (Meigen)) were counted and recorded. Data were pooled for all days and, after preliminary analyses, each taxon was analyzed independently as a 2-way test (‘House’ and ‘Treatment’) with subsamples nested within treatments.
Evaluation of Atroban and Ravap for Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1980
Authors: Combs Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eighty birds that were 8 weeks old and free of northern fowl mites were obtained for the study. Eight birds were maintained mite free and the remaining 72 birds were artificially infested with mites received from a large commercial flock. All infested birds supported a colony of mites at 21 days. The birds were placed in standard caged-layer cages, two birds per cage, in a cool room (ca 21°C). Each treatment contained 8 birds and was replicated 4 times in a random block design. Treatments consisted of Atroban (0.025, 0.05 and 0.10 percent sprays), Ravap 0.5% spray and untreated (control). Between each cage of treatment birds, 2 infested birds were caged. These birds were not treament birds but served as a constant source for reinfestation of the treatment birds. Atroban 25%WP and Ravap EC were diluted in water for the treatments. Each bird was sprayed individually in a chamber away from the olding cages with a 37 ml dosage at 345 kpa. The entire dosage was applied to the vent area. At selected days post-treatment, all treatment birds were examined for mites. Feathers were parted below the vent and the number of motile mites on the skin were counted for 15 seconds. This was done 3 times, at 2-minute intervals and the counts averaged for each bird and each treatment. When mites were observed to be actively breeding in the feathers (presence of eggs and larvae), the treatment was no longer considered effective.
Control of Flies on Horses with Permethrin Wipe-On or Cypermethrin Plastic Strips, 1981
Authors: Doisy K. E. , Hall R. D. , English L. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two pastured horses were treated with Durmectrin plastic strips on Jun 19 by attaching 1 ca 6 cm strip to each side of the test animals’ halters. On 11, a similar group of 3 horses was treated with Ectiban pour-on insecticide. The material was applied liberally to the entire body of each animal via a large sponge. Proximate herds of untreated horses served as controls during the course of this test. Flies were counted weekly via visual inspection of all treated and untreated animals. Counts were made on the entire face, a single side, and 4 legs of each animal examined. In general, face and house flies were confined to the face, horn flies to the side, and stable fies to the legs of these horses; however, we could not reliably distinguish species in this field situation.
Evaluation of Insecticides as Baits for Imported Fire Ants in Laboratory Sreening Tests, 1979
Authors: Williams D. F. , Lofgren C. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides that show promise in preliminary screening tests by causing delayed toxicity are further tested against entire laboratory colonies of imported fire ants. The chemicals are formulated in a bait and fed to colonies that have been starved for 5 days just prior to the test. The toxic bait (5 g/colony) is placed in a tray containing the colony for 24-96 h after which it is replaced with the standard laboratory diet. Observations on colony activity and mortality are recorded weekly. The test is continued until the queen, brood (larvae and pupae) and an estimated 90% or more of the workers are dead or the colony recovers and returns to normal.
Susceptibility of Lone Star Ticks to Chlorypyrifos and Diazinon, 1981
Authors: Mount G. A. , Dunn J. E. , Roberts J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A disposable pipette method adapted from Kigaye, M. K., and Matthysse, J. G., 1973, Bull. Epizoot. Dis. Afr. 21: 429-35, was used to assay acarlcides against the active life stages, i.e., larva, nymph, adult males and adult females. This method consisted of dipping disposable glass pipettes into acetone-based concentrations of the acaricides and then confining the ticks to the interior treated surface (after 20 mln drying time) for an 18 hr period of time. Pipettes used for larvae and nymphs were 1 ml In size and those used for adults were 3 ml in size. Adults and nymphs were anesthetized with CO^ before aspiration Into the pipettes. Larvae were aspirated without anesthesia. The large ends of the pipettes were covered with organdy cloth and the transfer ends were plugged with modeling clay. Larvae were assayed in groups of ca 30 while adults and nymphs were assayed in groups of 10. Unfed larvae were assayed at 1-2 wk of age after hatching while unfed adults and nymphs were assayed at ca 2 mo of age after molting. All ticks were held at 80°F and ca 95% RH.
Area Control of the Lone Star Tick with Ultralow Volume and Low Volume Air-Blast Applications of Dursban, 1981
Authors: Mount G. A. , Williams R. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Improved recreational areas in 2 Oklahoma parks infested with adults and nymphs were treated with ail-blast sprays of undiluted Dursban 2E (LV-0.125 gal/a) and Dursban 2E diluted in a H2O base (LV-5 gal/a). ULV applications were made with a modified, tractor-mounted, air-blast sprayer (Myers Model A32, F. E. Myers and Bro. Co., Ashland, OH) equipped with a 2-way row crop volute. The modifications consisted of 91) displacing a 100 gal fiberglass formulation tank with a 13 gal stainless steel formulation tank and micrometering system (Constant Volume Flow Control, Lowndes Engineering Co., Inc., Valdosta, GA) and (2) displacing hydraulic disc-core nozzles with 2 rotary sleeve atomizers (Beecomist Models 360 and 360A, Beeco Products Co., Ft. Washington, PA). A conventional, tractor-mounted, air-blast sprayer (FMC Model TM-1229) equipped with a 2-way row crop volute was used to apply the LV sprays. Both sprayers were operated at a speed of 2.5 mph at swaths of 50 ft.
Area Control-Lone Star Tick Acaricide Tests, 1978-81
Authors: Mount G. A. , Williams R. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wooded plots (80 ft sq) in eastern OK infested with adults and nymphs were treated in May and Jun with H2O based (5-7.5 gal spray/a) and ULV formulations of various acaricides. Applications were made with motorized knapsack mist blowers.