bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring structural properties of carbon via implanting optimal co nanoparticles in n‐rich carbon cages toward high‐efficiency oxygen electrocatalysis for rechargeable zn‐air batteries
Authors: Yu Jie , Dai Yawen , Zhang Zhenbao , Liu Tong , Zhao Siyuan , Cheng Chun , Tan Peng , Shao Zongping , Ni Meng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRational construction of carbon‐based materials with high‐efficiency bifunctionality and low cost as the substitute of precious metal catalyst shows a highly practical value for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) yet it still remains challenging. Herein, this study employs a simple mixing‐calcination strategy to fabricate a high‐performance bifunctional composite catalyst composed of N‐doped graphitic carbon encapsulating Co nanoparticles (Co@NrC). Benefiting from the core‐shell architectural and compositional advantages of favorable electronic configuration, more exposed active sites, sufficient electric conductivity, rich defects, and excellent charge transport, the optimal Co@NrC hybrid (Co@NrC‐0.3) presents outstanding catalytic activity and stability toward oxygen‐related electrochemical reactions (oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, i.e., ORR and OER), with a low potential gap of 0.766 V. Besides, the rechargeable liquid ZAB assembled with this hybrid electrocatalyst delivers a high peak power density of 168 mW cm−2, a small initial discharge‐charge potential gap of 0.45 V at 10 mA cm−2, and a good rate performance. Furthermore, a relatively large power density of 108 mW cm−2 is also obtained with the Co@NrC‐0.3‐based flexible solid‐state ZAB, which can well power LED lights. Such work offers insights in developing excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for both OER and ORR and highlights their potential applications in metal‐air batteries and other energy‐conversion/storage devices.
Effect of Intercropping Soybean on the Diversity of the Rhizosphere Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Communities in Wheat Fields
Authors: Lu Xingli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe variations of rhizosphere soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their impact mechanism are still unclear under different intercropping systems in the Yellow River Irrigation District of Ningxia, China. A field experiment to study variations in rhizosphere soil AMF diversity and its effects under different planting systems in this area. Three intercropping systems consisting of six rows of spring wheat intercropped with two rows of soybean (RSW), wheat monoculture (RW), and soybean monoculture (RS) were applied. The results showed that the RSW treatment has a 5.6% and 10.0% higher soil organic carbon (SOC) content than the RW and RS plots, respectively. The dominant genera in this study are Glomus and Paraglomus. The Shannon index, Simpson index, Chao1 value, and abundance‐based coverage estimator in the RSW treatment are higher than in the RS plots. Additionally, the multiple linear regression equation suggests that invertase activity is the main impact factor for the Shannon index of AMF. Moreover, the wheat yield in the RSW plot is 11.4% higher than the RW plot. The results suggest that the RSW treatment has great potential for improving soil nutrients, AMF diversity, and wheat yield to sustain soil health and crop production.
Interleaved high conversion ratio DC–DC converter with output self‐balancing and current auto‐sharing for DC nanogrid application
Authors: Chen Zhangyong , Feng Chenchen , Chen Yong , Chen Gen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the application of bipolar DC bus configuration in the DC nanogrid, the unbalanced voltage of two outputs in bipolar DC bus, due to the unbalanced conditions of loads and/or energy sources, will cause deterioration of the power quality of the bus and may damage the switch, affecting the stability and safety of the system. In order to solve the problem of unbalanced voltage of two outputs, interleaved series capacitor based dual‐output converter with a high conversion ratio is presented in this paper. By applying negative current mode (NCM) to the main inductor, the character of two‐output self‐balancing and zero voltage switching (ZVS) of all switches for such this topology configuration is achieved. In the NCM mode, the parallel diodes of main switches are not conducted during dead time and guarantee the flowing path to load side. Thus, based on this condition, volt‐second balance of main inductor is obtained to get the character of two‐output self‐balancing. Furthermore, by adopting series capacitor in the proposed topology and based on the charge‐balance of the intermediate block capacitor, inductor current existed in the two phase could be auto‐sharing. Comprehensive operational principle analysis, loss analysis, and efficiency of the proposed converter under different load conditions have been given, and the comparison analysis of three operation modes and selection of negative current mode is clarified. Small signal model of the proposed converter is described to convenient for the controller design. Finally, simulation results and a 20–220 V prototype are built to verify the character analysis of the proposed converter.
Numerical estimations of surface temperature evolution during multiple edge localized modes on EAST
Authors: Chen Jiayang , Dai Shuyu , Shi Quan , Liu Donghong , Yang Kunru , Liu Yiliang , Wang Dezhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of thermal loads of multiple edge localized modes (ELMs) on the evolution of tungsten surface temperature on EAST have been performed by solving the one‐dimensional (1D) heat conduction equation. First, the fundamental properties of tungsten surface temperature evolution are investigated under stationary heat loads by a 1D heat conduction program. The exposure time for the steady‐state surface temperature and the corresponding surface temperature increase with the irradiated constant power density. When the power density is around 33 MW/m2, the steady‐state surface temperature comes up to the melting point of tungsten material. For the cases of ELMs, evolutions of irradiation power density at different ELM released energies (ΔWELMs) are calculated by particle‐in‐cell code SDPIC, which are used as input for the heat conduction program to simulate the impacts of multi‐ELMs on the tungsten surface temperature evolution. The tungsten surface temperature periodically oscillates accompanied by the burst and shutoff of ELMs under multi‐ELMs. The overall tendency of tungsten surface temperature rises first and then stabilizes within a certain temperature range. Parameter scans of different combinations of ΔWELMs and ELM frequency (fELMs) have been performed according to plasma conditions on EAST. The simulation results show that the tungsten surface will not suffer from melting under multi‐ELMs for EAST tokamak.
Divertor leg control of a quasi‐symmetry stellarator with external coils and its consequences for transport
Authors: Kawamura Gakushi , Nakata Motoki , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Hayashi Yuki , Sakamoto Ryuichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA control method of the divertor configuration using external saddle loop coils is investigated for a quasi‐symmetry stellarator device. Multiple coils are used to modify the divertor configuration while keeping the rotational transform distribution in the core region the same. The external coils successfully shrink the core plasma region and extend the divertor legs. From the transport analysis with the EMC3‐EIRENE code, it is confirmed that the dependence of the electron temperature of the core plasma on the position of the plasma‐facing walls is weakened by the extension of the divertor legs. The increase of the divertor particle flux and the increase of energy loss due to radiation and charge exchange processes are also confirmed.
Estimation as a post‐processing step for random walk approximations of the Boltzmann‐BGK model
Authors: Mortier Bert , Maes Vince , Samaey Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, asymptotic‐preserving Monte Carlo simulation methods have been developed to simulate the Boltzmann‐BGK equation with advective–diffusive limiting behaviour over a broad range of regimes. These simulation methods hybridize a particle tracing Monte Carlo scheme for the kinetic equation and a random walk (RW) Monte Carlo simulation for the advection–diffusion limit, combining the precision of the former with the efficiency of the latter. In the RW part of the simulation, details of the travelled path are absent. This complicates the extraction of integral quantities of interest such as mass, momentum, and energy sources. Here, we present a new estimation strategy that couples the RW parts of the particle trajectories with a deterministic simulation of the corresponding fluid model. The contributions of the RW parts to quantities of interest are then computed from a single time step of this fluid model in a post‐processing step. We illustrate this new estimation strategy for a fusion‐relevant test‐case and focus on the bias and variance present when using this estimator.
Accounting for temporal change in multiple biodiversity patterns improves the inference of metacommunity processes
Authors: Guzman Laura Melissa , Thompson Patrick L. , Viana Duarte S. , Vanschoenwinkel Bram , Horváth Zsófia , Ptacnik Robert , Jeliazkov Alienor , Gascón Stéphanie , Lemmens Pieter , Anton‐Pardo Maria , Langenheder Silke , De Meester Luc , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn metacommunity ecology, a major focus has been on combining observational and analytical approaches to identify the role of critical assembly processes, such as dispersal limitation and environmental filtering, but this work has largely ignored temporal community dynamics. Here, we develop a “virtual ecologist” approach to evaluate assembly processes by simulating metacommunities varying in three main processes: density‐independent responses to abiotic conditions, density‐dependent biotic interactions, and dispersal. We then calculate a number of commonly used summary statistics of community structure in space and time and use random forests to evaluate their utility for inferring the strength of these three processes. We find that (i) both spatial and temporal data are necessary to disentangle metacommunity processes based on the summary statistics we test, and including statistics that are measured through time increases the explanatory power of random forests by up to 59% compared to cases where only spatial variation is considered; (ii) the three studied processes can be distinguished with different descriptors; and (iii) each summary statistic is differently sensitive to temporal and spatial sampling effort. Including repeated observations of metacommunities over time was essential for inferring the metacommunity processes, particularly dispersal. Some of the most useful statistics include the coefficient of variation of species abundances through time and metrics that incorporate variation in the relative abundances (evenness) of species. We conclude that a combination of methods and summary statistics is probably necessary to understand the processes that underlie metacommunity assembly through space and time, but we recognize that these results will be modified when other processes or summary statistics are used.
Effect of carperitide on the 1 year prognosis of patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Nogi Kazutaka , Ueda Tomoya , Matsue Yuya , Nogi Maki , Ishihara Satomi , Nakada Yasuki , Kawakami Rika , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Kitai Takeshi , Oishi Shogo , Akiyama Eiichi , Suzuki Satoshi , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Kida Keisuke , Okumura Takahiro , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsAcute heart failure (AHF) is a clinical syndrome with a poor prognosis and a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate whether carperitide administration improves the 1 year prognosis of patients with AHF and to check whether there is an optimal dose of the drug.Methods and resultsWe analysed the data of COOPERATE‐HF‐J (the Consortium for Pooled Data Analysis regarding Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure in Japan), combining two cohorts (NARA‐HF and REALITY‐AHF), which included 2435 patients with acute decompensated heart failure. The patients were divided into no carperitide (NO‐ANP, n = 1098); very low‐dose carperitide (VLD‐ANP, <0.02 μg/kg/min, n = 593); and low‐dose carperitide groups (LD‐ANP, ≥0.02 μg/kg/min, n = 744). The primary endpoint was cardiovascular mortality within 1 year after admission. The secondary endpoints were all‐cause mortality and rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure within 1 year after admission. The median carperitide doses in the VLD‐ANP and LD‐ANP groups were 0.013 and 0.025 μg/kg/min, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality were significantly lower in the LD‐ANP group than in the NO‐ANP and VLD‐ANP groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Multivariable Cox regression analysis for cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality revealed that LD‐ANP was significantly associated with lower cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality within 1 year after admission, even after adjusting other covariates (hazard ratio: 0.696 and 0.791, 95% confidence interval: 0.513–0.944 and 0.628–0.997, P = 0.020 and 0.047, respectively).ConclusionsLow‐dose carperitide was significantly associated with lower cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality within 1 year after admission. Our results suggest the necessity for well‐designed randomized controlled trials to determine the doses of carperitide that could improve clinical outcomes in patients with AHF.
One‐pot synthesis of a novel chiral Zr‐based metal‐organic framework for capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation
Authors: Gao Lidi , Hu Xingfang , Qin Shili , Chu Hongtao , Tang Yimin , Li Xue , Wang Binbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) of Zr‐based metal‐organic framework, l‐Cys‐PCN‐224, was prepared by one‐pot method and applied for the enantioseparation by capillary electrochromatography. The CSP was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, circular dichroism spectrum, zeta‐potential, and so on. The results revealed that the CSP had good crystallinity, high specific surface area (2580 m2/g), and good thermal stability. Meanwhile, the cross‐section of l‐Cys‐PCN‐224‐bonded open‐tubular (OT) column was observed by a scanning electron microscope, which proved the successful bonding of l‐Cys‐PCN‐224 particles to the inner wall. Relative standard deviations of the column efficiencies were 3.87%–9.14%, and not obviously changed after 200 runs, which indicated that l‐Cys‐PCN‐224‐bonded OT column had the better stability and reproducibility. Excellent chiral separation performance was verified with nine kinds of natural amino acids including acidic, neutral, and basic as the analytes. All amino acids studied achieved good separation with the resolution of 1.38–13.9 and selector factor of 1.11–3.71. These results demonstrated that the CSP had an excellent potential in the chiral separation field.
Synergistic effect of surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium supporting and hydrous titania impregnation onto zeolite in enhanced removal of anionic X‐3B dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Deng Hui , Cheng Yueting , Li Jianqiao , Zhang Qiang , Cao Yun , Wang Xiaoning 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new modified zeolite (HTiZFA) was achieved by dually supporting hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and hydrous titania onto synthetic zeolite from coal fly ash via coating HDTMA and Ti(SO4)2 solution respectively, which has an increased adsorption activity for anion X‐3B dye from aqueous solution. HTiZFA with the optimum removal efficiency was obtained at the coating concentration of 13 mmol/L HDTMA, 20.8 mmol/L Ti(SO4)2, and 2 g/L dosage of zeolite. X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive, Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), and zeta potential analysis are used to characterize the samples (HTiZFA). In XRD spectrum, no typical peak representing anatase TiO2 crystal suggested that hydrous titania which was impregnated on HTiZFA existed as an amorphous phase. The specific surface area of HTiZFA (32.73–37.71 m2/g) did not alter a lot compared with that of ZFA, but the surface charge of HTiZFA (pH = 8.55) shifted to positive greatly, which caused a considerable enhancement in X‐3B adsorption. It was found that X‐3B sorption on HTiZFA was almost independent on initial pH because the removal rate maintained above 96% in a wide pH range of 3.0–11.0. An increasing qe with an upward temperature confirmed versatile attractive interactions and endothermic sorption nature, and a good ability was observed after several adsorption/desorption circulations. HTiZFA is expected to be a multifunctional adsorbent for treating higher concentration anionic pollutants that cannot be removed by commonly modified products efficiently.
Explaining the rise and fall of the photovoltaic technological innovation system in Iran
Authors: Rahimi Rad Zohreh , Sadabadi Ali Asghar , Azimzadeh Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of the transnational dimensions of TISs in developing countries, the number of case studies on the subject remains limited. The process of developing PV solar systems in Iran as a developing country has gone through different phases since 1991. The evolution of this process has been influenced by macro financial and political factors. This study aims to present a historical analysis of the formation and application of PV solar TIS in Iran to identify the innovation motors driving each stage of the process. Based on various changes in application models, PV technological innovation in Iran has been categorized into four phases: 1. Initiating (1991 to 2005), 2. Rising (2006–2012), 3. Fostering (2012–2017), and 4. Falling (2017 onwards). The historical analysis revealed that transnational factors have been overlooked in Iran, and the country has been deprived of its advantages to develop a suitable TIS. Furthermore, through literature review, expert interviews, and thematic analysis, several strategies were established to promote transnational, including transfer and emulation of foreign technologies, international cooperative research programs, investment in joint operations, cooperative agreements, access to foreign markets, access to international investment, and submission to international laws and regimes.
Nutrient content of sorghum hybrid lines between Gadam and hard coat tannin sorghum cultivars
Authors: Shinda Cecilia A. , Nthakanio Paul N. , Gitari Josiah N. , Runo Steven , Mukono Simon , Maina Samuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSorghum is an important food crop in the world that exhibits a predominant role in fulfilling the nutritional requirements, particularly in low‐income group populations of marginal areas in Kenya. It is a principal source of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and crude fibers (CFs), which are important nutrients necessary for human development and health. Reduced tannin in sorghum grains is desirable since it affects the availability of nutrients. This study aimed at assessing the nutrient content in filial generation one (F1) developed between Gadam (sorghum), which is low in tannin and hard coat tannin (sorghum) cultivars. The nutrient content analyses were carried out from samples collected in a completely randomized design experiment. Crude protein (CP) and tannin content were analyzed using the modified Kjeldahl method and vanillin‐HCl methanol method, respectively, whereas moisture, fat, CF, ash, and carbohydrate contents were determined using Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using R statistical software. Among the F1s, Kari/Mtama‐1 x Gadam recorded the highest CP value of 10.390%. This differed significantly from Gadam x Kari/Mtama‐1 which recorded CP content of 9.770%. Kari/Mtama‐1 x Gadam recorded the highest fat and moisture contents of 2.299% and 8.600%, respectively. The highest CF content of 3.433% was recorded in Gadam x Serena. Gadam x Kari/Mtama‐1 recorded the highest ash content of 1.619%, whereas the highest carbohydrate (84.503%) and tannin content (0.771 mg/g) means were recorded in Seredo x Gadam. Results demonstrated that the choice of maternal and paternal parent influence CP, CF, and carbohydrate contents. Among the F1s, tannin content ranged from 0.106 to 0.771 mg/g compared to 0.953 to 1.763 mg/g recorded in Serena and Seredo (hard coat seeded cultivars). This is an indication that tannin can be downregulated through hybridization.
The origin of microgranular enclaves in the Early Cretaceous Shuangjianzishan granites in southern Great Hinggan Range, NE China
Authors: Dai Meng , Yan Guangsheng , Li Yongsheng , Gong Fanying , Jia Wenbin 
Published: March 2022

The microgranular enclaves (MEs) and their host granitoids contain vital information on the genesis and evolution of the magma, especially for those which have close relationship with mineralization, yet remains a hot debate on their origin. Here, we investigate the MEs and their host granitoids in the Shuangjianzishan (SJZ) deposits, southern Great Hinggan Range, NE China, using ziron U–Pb dating and Hf isotopes, along with a systematic analysis of whole‐rock geochemical and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions. The SJZ MEs mainly consist of monzonites and quartz monzonites, and the SJZ granitoids comprise a suite of fine‐grained syenogranites and coarse‐grained monzogranites. The zircon U–Pb dating results suggest that the SJZ granitoids and the SJZ MEs were emplaced at approximately 143–141 Ma. Geochemical features and isotopic compositions of the SJZ granitoids indicate that they are mainly generated by partial melting of juvenile lower‐crustal basaltic rocks. The fine‐grained syenogranites and the coarse‐grained monzogranites have a gradual contact relationship, similar crystallization age, Sr‐, Nd‐, and Hf‐isotopic compositions, suggesting that they were derived from a similar silicic magma reservoir. According to the geochemical compositions and petrographic characteristics (aggregates of coarse‐grained euhedral plagioclase crystals) of the SJZ granitoids, we infer that the monzogranites (SiO2 = 69.24–74.95 wt%) are regarded as the residual cumulate and the fine‐grained syenogranites (SiO2 = 74.83–77.97 wt%) are high silica melts segregated from a crystal mush. The SJZ MEs are characterised by low SiO2 (50.03–64.20 wt%) and MgO (1.08–2.63 wt%) contents, high P2O5 contents and contain acicular apatite, which are consistent with the products of intermediate magma. Combining with the MEs have comparable crystallization age, mineral assemblage, whole‐rock Sr‐Nd and zircon Hf‐isotopic compositions with their host granitoids, implying the MEs were autoliths related to their host monzogranites. Collectively, we infer that the SJZ MEs were generated by the rapid cooling and crystallization of the hot ascending intermediate magmas contacted with the cooler wall rocks, then those sub‐solid fine‐grained crystal‐rich margins were fragmented and injected into the progressive evolved mush chamber, leading to the extraction and upward percolation of high silicic melts from the compacting crystal‐rich mush in the shallow crust.