bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between CYP metabolizer phenotypes and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors induced weight gain: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ricardo-Silgado Maria L. , Singh Sneha , Cifuentes Lizeth , Decker Paul A. , Gonzalez-Izundegui Daniel , Moyer Ann M. , Hurtado Maria D. , Camilleri Michael , Bielinski Suzette J. , Acosta Andres 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Prescription medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly used to treat depression, are associated with weight gain. The role of pharmacogenomics in predicting SSRI-induced weight gain is unclear.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study from participants in the Mayo Clinic RIGHT study who were prescribed citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, or fluoxetine, our aim was to evaluate the association of metabolizer phenotype and total body weight after 6 months of SSRIs initiation. We evaluated the metabolizer phenotypes (poor/intermediate, normal, and rapid/ultra-rapid) of the cytochromes P450 enzymes genes: CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 known to influence the metabolism of SSRI medications: CYP2C19 for citalopram, CYP2D6 for paroxetine, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 for sertraline, and CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 fluoxetine. In addition, we assessed the association of metabolizer phenotype and total body weight change at six months following SSRI prescription using parametric analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline body weight and multivariate regression models.

Results
CYP2C19 poor/intermediate metabolizers prescribed citalopram gained significantly more weight than normal or rapid/ultra-rapid metabolizers at 6 months (TBWG %: 2.6 [95% CI 1.3—4.1] vs. 0.4 [95% CI -0.5 – 1.3] vs. -0.1 [-95% CI -1.5—1.1]; p = 0.001). No significant differences in weight outcomes at six months of treatment with paroxetine, sertraline, or fluoxetine were observed by metabolizer status.

Conclusions
Weight gain observed with citalopram may be mediated by CYP2C19 metabolizer status.
First case of systemic fatal mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium goodii in a pet Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus loveridgei)
Authors: Vetere Alessandro , Bertocchi Mara , Pagano Teresa Bruna , Di Ianni Francesco , Nardini Giordano 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria species that are not members of the M. tuberculosis complex, are ordinary inhabitants of a wide variety of environmental reservoirs and their role in human and animal diseases has been fully recognized. Even if spontaneous mycobacterial infections have been reported in a wide variety of reptiles, this is the first report of systemic fatal mycobacteriosis sustained by Mycobacterium goodii in a pet reptile.

Case presentation
An adult, wild caught (WC), male Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus loveridgei) age unknown, was presented for clinical examination due to decreased activity level, decreased appetite and diarrhea. Blood tests showed unreliable results. Coprologic exam showed a moderate to severe presence of flagellates. X rays and ultrasound showed moderate presence of air and faeces in the large intestine. The snake was hospitalized and oral metronidazole was chosen as antiprotozoal agent in association with subcutaneous warm fluids. The snake was discharged after 2 weeks therapy in good clinical condition. Faecal exam resulted negative. One month after, the snake was quickly hospitalized again because of a recrudescence of symptoms. Biochemistry showed severe increase of AST, ALT and biliary acids. Severe leucocytosis and moderate to severe anemia were highlighted. Ultrasound examination revealed a severe diffused alteration of the liver parenchyma and a fine needle aspiration was performed. The cytological diagnosis was mixed inflammation, with a numerous of unstained rod-shaped bacteria both inside macrophages and free in the sample. The snake’s condition rapidly deteriorated and euthanasia was performed. The histology of the coelomic organs confirmed a systemic mycobacteriosis. Real-time PCR identified the mycobacteria as Mycobacterium goodii.

Conclusions
Species from the genus Mycobacterium are among the most important micro-organism including the causative agents of tuberculosis. Even if the general incidence of disease in reptiles due to mycobacteria is comparatively low, they can serve as reservoirs of many ubiquitous mycobacteria species. Mycobacterium goodii is a rapidly growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterium that has recently been associated with severe infections in animals and humans. Although in this case the pathogenesis was not completely clear, we highlight the zoonotic risk of mycobacteriosis in exotic animals especially in WC specimens.
The challenges, opportunities and strategies of engaging young people who use drugs in harm reduction: insights from young people with lived and living experience
Authors: Stowe M-J , Feher Orsi , Vas Beatrix , Kayastha Sangeet , Greer Alissa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe meaningful inclusion of young people who use or have used drugs is a fundamental aspect of harm reduction, including in program design, research, service provision, and advocacy efforts. However, there are very few examples of meaningful and equitable engagement of young people who use drugs in harm reduction, globally. Youth continue to be excluded from harm reduction programming and policymaking; when they are included, they often face tokenistic efforts that lack clear expectations, equitable work conditions, and are rarely afforded agency and autonomy over decision-making. In this commentary, we identify and discuss issues in youth engagement, and offer recommendations for the future of harm reduction.
Quantitatively assessing aging effects in rapid motor behaviours: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Moulton Richard Hugh , Rudie Karen , Dukelow Sean P. , Scott Stephen H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
An individual’s rapid motor skills allow them to perform many daily activities and are a hallmark of physical health. Although age and sex are both known to affect motor performance, standardized methods for assessing their impact on upper limb function are limited.

Methods
Here we perform a cross-sectional study of 643 healthy human participants in two interactive motor tasks developed to quantify sensorimotor abilities, Object-Hit (OH) and Object-Hit-and-Avoid (OHA). The tasks required participants to hit virtual objects with and without the presence of distractor objects. Velocities and positions of hands and objects were recorded by a robotic exoskeleton, allowing a variety of parameters to be calculated for each trial. We verified that these tasks are viable for measuring performance in healthy humans and we examined whether any of our recorded parameters were related to age or sex.

Results
Our analysis shows that both OH and OHA can assess rapid motor behaviours in healthy human participants. It also shows that while some parameters in these tasks decline with age, those most associated with the motor system do not. Three parameters show significant sex-related effects in OH, but these effects disappear in OHA.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the underlying effect of aging on rapid motor behaviours is not on the capabilities of the motor system, but on the brain’s capacity for processing inputs into motor actions. Additionally, this study provides a baseline description of healthy human performance in OH and OHA when using these tasks to investigate age-related declines in sensorimotor ability.
The impact of external and internal focus of attention on visual dependence and EEG alpha oscillations during postural control
Authors: Ma Lei , Marshall Peter J. , Wright W. Geoffrey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The ability to maintain upright posture requires successful integration of multiple sensory inputs (visual, vestibular, and somatosensory). When one or more sensory systems become unreliable, the postural control system must “down-weight” (or reduce the influence of) those senses and rely on other senses to maintain postural stability. As individuals age, their ability to successfully reweight sensory inputs diminishes, leading to increased fall risk. The present study investigates whether manipulating attentional focus can improve the ability to prioritize different sensory inputs for postural control.

Methods
Forty-two healthy adults stood on a balance board while wearing a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display. The VR environment created a multisensory conflict amongst the different sensory signals as participants were tasked with maintaining postural stability on the balance board. Postural sway and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) were measured to assess visual weighting and cortical activity changes. Participants were randomized into groups that received different instructions on where to focus their attention during the balance task.

Results
Following the instructions to direct attention toward the movement of the board (external focus group) was associated with lower visual weighting and better balance performance than when not given any instructions on attentional focus (control group). Following the instructions to direct attention towards movement of the feet (internal focus group) did not lead to any changes in visual weighting or balance performance. Both external and internal focus groups exhibited increased EEG alpha power (8–13 Hz) activity over the occipital cortex as compared to the control group.

Conclusions
Current results suggest that directing one’s attention externally, away from one’s body, may optimize sensory integration for postural control when visual inputs are incongruent with somatosensory and vestibular inputs. Current findings may be helpful for clinicians and researchers in developing strategies to improve sensorimotor mechanisms for balance.
COVID-19 in Iran: clinical presentations and outcomes in three different surges of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Hadadi Azar , Pirzadeh Marzieh , Kazemian Sina , Ashraf Haleh , Ebrahimi Mehdi , Karbalai Saleh Shahrokh , Talebpour Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
A few studies compared the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during the first and second surges of the disease. We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients across the first, second, and third surges of the disease in Tehran, Iran.

Method
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to Sina hospital in Tehran, Iran, during three surges of COVID-19 from February 16 to October 28, 2020.

Result
Surge 1 patients were younger with more prevalence of hypertension. They also presented with significantly higher oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate on admission. Patients had higher levels of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Urea, CRP, and ESR, in surge 2. The incidence of dyspnea, chest pain, and neurological manifestations followed a significant increasing trend from surge 1 to surge 3. There was no difference in severity and in-hospital mortality between the surges. However, the length of hospital stays and acute cardiac injury (ACI) was less in surge 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in surge 2 than in other surges.

Conclusion
Patients did not significantly differ in disease severity, ICU admission, and mortality between surges; however, length of hospital stay and ACI increased during surges, and the number of patients developing ARDS was significantly less in surge 2 compared to other peaks.
Genetic characterization of varicella-zoster and HIV-1 viruses from the cerebrospinal fluid of a co-infected encephalitic patient, Ghana
Authors: El-Duah Philip , Sylverken Augustina Angelina , Owusu Michael , Amoako Yaw Ampem , Yeboah Richmond , Gorman Richmond , Nyarko-Afriyie Emmanuella , Schneider Julia , Jones Terry C. , Bonney Joseph , Adade Titus , Yeboah Eric Smart , Binger Tabea , Corman Victor Max , Drosten Christian , Phillips Richard Odame 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Encephalitis is a serious disease of the brain characterized by prodromal and specific neurological symptoms. HIV infections offer opportunistic viruses, such as Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the chance to cause encephalitis in patients. There is a lack of information on the genetic diversity of VZV in Ghana and other parts of Africa which requires sequencing and characterization studies to address. The active evolution of HIV-1 in West Africa also requires continuous surveillance for the emergence of new genetic forms.

Case presentation
VZV was detected in the CSF sample of an 11-year-old patient presenting with symptoms of encephalitis by real-time PCR diagnostics. To identify possible unknown aetiological pathogens, next-generation sequencing was performed, and revealed an HIV-1 co-infection.
Alignments of concatenated HIV-1 genome fragments in the gag, pol, vif, env and nef regions and a near-complete VZV genome were analyzed by Bayesian inference, and phylogenetic trees were generated. The VZV sequence belongs to clade 5 and the HIV-1 sequence is a member of the CRF02_AG predominant circulating recombinant form in Ghana.

Conclusions
Diagnostic tests for CSF HIV would be useful where possible in patients presenting with encephalitis due to VZV and other opportunistic viruses in Kumasi to shed light on the role of HIV in encephalitis cases in Ghana. This report reaffirms the role of the CRF02_AG circulating recombinant form in HIV infections in Ghana and also gives a preliminary genetic characterization of VZV in Kumasi, Ghana.
Dynamic transcriptome analysis of NFAT family in guided bone regeneration with occlusive periosteum in swine model
Authors: Yu Bao-Fu , Yin Ning , Wang Zi , Chen Xiao-Xue , Dai Chuan-Chang , Wei Jiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the dynamic expression of NFAT family of periosteum in guided bone regeneration process.Material and methodsThe swine ribs on one side were used as the trauma group and the contralateral side as the control group. After rib segment was removed, periosteum was sutured to form a closed cavity mimicking guided bone regeneration. The periosteum and regenerated bone tissue were collected at nine time points for gene sequencing and hematoxylin–eosin staining. The expression data of each member were extracted for analysis. Expression correlations among various members were analyzed.ResultsStaining showed the guided bone regeneration was almost completed 1 month after the operation with later stage for bone remodeling. The expression levels of each member in both groups changed greatly, especially within postoperative 1.5 months. The expression of NFATc1 and NFATC2IP in trauma group was significantly correlated with those of control group. The foldchange of each member also had large fluctuations especially within 1.5 months. In the trauma group, NFATc2 and NFATc4 were significantly upregulated, and there was a significant aggregation correlation of NFAT family expression between the various time points within one month, similar to the “pattern-block” phenomenon.ConclusionThis study revealed the dynamic expression of NFAT family in guided bone regeneration, and provided a reference for the specific mechanism. The first 1.5 months is a critical period and should be paid attention to. The significant high-expression of NFATc2 and NFATc4 may role importantly in this process, which needs further research to verify it.
A systematic analysis of splicing variants identifies new diagnoses in the 100,000 Genomes Project
Authors: Blakes Alexander J. M. , Wai Htoo A. , Davies Ian , Moledina Hassan E. , Ruiz April , Thomas Tessy , Bunyan David , Thomas N. Simon , Burren Christine P. , Greenhalgh Lynn , Lees Melissa , Pichini Amanda , Smithson Sarah F. , Taylor Tavares Ana Lisa , O’Donovan Peter , Douglas Andrew G. L. ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Splicing and Disease Working Group, Whiffin Nicola , Baralle Diana , Lord Jenny 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Genomic variants which disrupt splicing are a major cause of rare genetic diseases. However, variants which lie outside of the canonical splice sites are difficult to interpret clinically. Improving the clinical interpretation of non-canonical splicing variants offers a major opportunity to uplift diagnostic yields from whole genome sequencing data.

Methods
Here, we examine the landscape of splicing variants in whole-genome sequencing data from 38,688 individuals in the 100,000 Genomes Project and assess the contribution of non-canonical splicing variants to rare genetic diseases. We use a variant-level constraint metric (the mutability-adjusted proportion of singletons) to identify constrained functional variant classes near exon–intron junctions and at putative splicing branchpoints. To identify new diagnoses for individuals with unsolved rare diseases in the 100,000 Genomes Project, we identified individuals with de novo single-nucleotide variants near exon–intron boundaries and at putative splicing branchpoints in known disease genes. We identified candidate diagnostic variants through manual phenotype matching and confirmed new molecular diagnoses through clinical variant interpretation and functional RNA studies.

Results
We show that near-splice positions and splicing branchpoints are highly constrained by purifying selection and harbour potentially damaging non-coding variants which are amenable to systematic analysis in sequencing data. From 258 de novo splicing variants in known rare disease genes, we identify 35 new likely diagnoses in probands with an unsolved rare disease. To date, we have confirmed a new diagnosis for six individuals, including four in whom RNA studies were performed.

Conclusions
Overall, we demonstrate the clinical value of examining non-canonical splicing variants in individuals with unsolved rare diseases.
Watching the grass grow: does recreational cannabis legalization affect retail and agricultural wages?
Authors: Jiang Sichao , Miller Keaton 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOver the past several years, cannabis has become legal for recreational use in many US states and jurisdictions around the world. The opening of these markets has led to the establishment of hundreds of cannabis production and retail firms with accompanying demand for labor, leading to concerns about spillover effects on wages from incumbents.MethodsWe study the markets for agricultural and retail labor in Washington and Colorado from 2000 to 2019 using differences-in-differences with synthetic controls. We employ employment data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, state-level demographic data from the US Census Bureau, and agricultural data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service. We use the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) for variable selection and classification and regression trees (CART) for chained imputation of missing values.ResultsWe find little-to-no evidence of a significant difference in weekly wages per worker generated by cannabis legalization: the log of the weekly wage per worker decreases by 0.013 in Washington’s agricultural sector (pvalue 0.091) and increases by 0.059 in Washington’s retail sector (pvalue 0.606). Results in Colorado are qualitatively similar. These results are limited in part by the short post-legalization period of the data.ConclusionsCannabis legalization is unlikely to negatively impact incumbent agriculture or retail firms through the labor market channel.
Survey of local cannabidiol use in parents of children with epilepsy in Thailand: the prevalence, perceptions, and knowledge
Authors: Ngampoopun Monsicha , Nabangchang Charcrin , Suwanpakdee Piradee 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2019, Thailand legalized cannabidiol (CBD) for intractable epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to collect information regarding the experience and knowledge of CBD use in pediatric epilepsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CBD survey in pediatric epilepsy in Southeast Asia.

Method
We performed a cross-sectional survey among all parents of pediatric epilepsy patients seen in the Pediatric Neurology Clinic at Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand between November 2018 and July 2020. The survey comprised 34 questions that assessed the demographics, knowledge, experiences, and opinions of parents/guardians regarding CBD use. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics. In addition, logistic regression was used to predict the factors for CBD use.

Results
Overall, 166 respondents (100%) participated in the study. Among the respondents, 9% have experienced using CBD; 56.25% of these reported reduced seizure frequency. CBD products were mostly obtained from folk healers (31.25%) and foreign products (25%). Common adverse effects included headache and nausea (31.5%). The number of anti-seizure medications (OR: 12.28, 95% CI: 1.27–118.8), knowledge of CBD as treatment for epilepsy (OR: 14.7, 95% CI: 1.43–150.87), and knowledge of CBD side effects (OR: 12.73, 95% CI: 2.77–58.43) were factors significantly associated with CBD use. Regarding CBD knowledge, our survey showed 80.72% of the respondents did not know the CBD compound for treating epilepsy, and 89.16% were not aware of CBD side effects. Interestingly, despite a lack of knowledge, 77.11% of the respondents expressed willingness to participate in future CBD trials.

Conclusion
Our survey highlights that half of the parents of patients who previously used CBD reported reduced seizure frequency; however, none became seizure-free. Additionally, there were gaps in knowledge regarding the use of CBD. These findings suggest that the implementation of cannabidiol knowledge is crucial for both public and healthcare professionals. Survey limitations due to the retrospective nature of the self-report could have resulted in recall bias.
The regenerative effect of stem cells on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats
Authors: El-Araby Hanaa Ahmed , Sobhy Gihan Ahmed , Naeem Suhaib Alsayed Mohammed , Alsayed Aly Fahmy Mohamed , Zakaria Haidy Mohammed , Khedr Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver injury (ALI) and acute liver failure (ALF) in the developed world. We aimed at studying the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in accelerating healing of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.

Results
This prospective study included 50 male albino rats divided into 2 groups: hepatotoxic group and non-hepatotoxic group. Hepatotoxicity was induced in experimental rats by acetaminophen and then stem cells were transplanted into the rats and their effects on the liver cells were assessed. After injection of BM MSCs, the cells reached the targeted tissues. They were established in the central veins and blood sinusoids in the liver tissue. The hepatotoxic liver showed degeneration and loss of normal hepatic architecture as well as necrotic areas and congestion mainly in the portal tract vessels, dilation of blood sinusoids, and infiltration by inflammatory cells around the central veins. In addition, there were abnormal nuclei either irregular in shape or showing loss of open face compared to the normal control group. The liver tissue in BM MSC-treated group showed restoration of normal architecture of the liver tissue.

Conclusion
Administration of MSCs has hepato-therapeutic effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The mechanism of this hepatoprotective effect may be through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory actions of MSCs.