bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in mortality among acute myeloid leukemia‐related hospitalizations
Authors: Alam Sara Taveras , Dongarwar Deepa , Lopez Elyse , Yellapragada Sarvari , Rivero Gustavo , Huang Quillan , Miler‐Chism Courtney , Mims Martha , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRacial and socioeconomic disparities have become apparent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations for adults with a diagnosis of AML from 2009 to 2018 in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). We categorized patients' ages in groups of <60 years and ≥60 years and stratified them by reported race/ethnicity. Exposures of interest were patient sociodemographics, hospital characteristics, and Elixhauser‐comorbidity Index. Outcome of interest was in‐hospital death. Statistical analyses included survey logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify the independent associations between patient characteristics and mortality. Of 622,417 AML‐related hospitalizations, 57.6% were in patients ≥60 years. The overall rate of in‐hospital death was 9.4%. Compared to patients <60, older patients experienced a higher rate of in‐hospital death. In both age groups and in all ethnicities, mortality decreased over time. Differences in mortality were observed based on gender, payer, hospital location, and teaching status. For hospitalizations in patients ≥60, NH‐Black race was associated with inferior in‐hospital death outcomes (OR 1.17; CI 1.08–1.28). Urban teaching hospitals were associated with a 38% increase (OR 1.38; CI 1.06–1.80) in inpatient mortality in patients <60 and a 15% decrease (OR 0.85; CI 0.77–0.95) in inpatient mortality in patients ≥60. Our results highlight the increased need to recognize the role of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors and their contribution to disparate outcomes in AML.
Polyphenol Characterization of the Aqueous Extract from Hubertia ambavilla L. (Asteraceae) by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MSn and Assessment of Its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Chawech Rachid , Pesnel Sabrina , Haddada Maroua Ben , Gauvin‐Bialecki Anne , Morel Anne‐Laure 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, phytochemical components, and the antioxidant properties of an aqueous extract obtained from a medicinal plant Hubertia ambavilla, endemic to Reunion Island, were investigated. A total of 37 compounds were detected and identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) using a photodiode‐array detector (DAD) coupled with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MSn). From calibration curves, the quantity of secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract was calculated. The mean amounts of phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins found were 158.38±1.20 mg GAE/g DE, 60.41±1.65 mg AE/g DE and 23.77±1.36 mg CE/g DE, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant properties of the Hubertia ambavilla plant were measured using three methods: DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The results showed that crude aqueous extract of H. ambavilla had effective radical scavenging and reducing power in comparison with standard antioxidant compounds. In conclusion, the crude extract herein presented offers a natural alternative biosource of antioxidants with potential applications in food and health industries.
How to Harness Electrochemical Mediators for Photocatalysis – A Systematic Approach Using the Phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole Framework as a Test Case
Authors: Enders Patrick , Májek Michal , Lam Chiu Marco , Little R. Daniel , Francke Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn view of the frequently cited similarities between photo‐ and electrocatalysis, large overlaps are to be expected in terms of the mediators used. However, closer inspection reveals that the exchange of mediators is the exception rather than the rule. In this context, the mediator portfolio of electrosynthesis holds great potential for useful applications in photocatalysis (and vice versa). Herein, a systematic approach toward harnessing electrochemical mediators for photocatalysis is presented. Using the phenanthro[9,10‐d]‐imidazole framework (a known electrocatalytic system) as a test case, it is shown how systematic investigation and tuning of the mediator properties leads to application in photocatalysis. As a result, a much broader platform becomes accessible, one in which the redox potential in the ground and excited state can be adjusted by variation of the substituents to enable both oxidative and reductive transformations to occur simply by choosing the type of energy input (light or electricity).
A note on using expanded graphite for achieving energy‐ and time‐efficient production of graphene nanoplatelets via liquid phase exfoliation
Authors: Awada Hassan , Kontopoulou Marianna , Docoslis Aristides 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough easily scalable, the production of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) by the means of liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphite flakes (GF) remains an energy‐ and time‐intensive process. In this work, we demonstrate that significant time and energy can be saved in GNP production when employing expanded graphite (EG) in a surfactant‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation process. Owing to its increased interlayer distance, the exfoliation of EG can be accomplished in a much shorter time (<30 min) compared to GF (approximately 7 h in the present case). Moreover, the energy required for the EG exfoliation is close to 80‐fold lower than that for GF exfoliation. Monitoring of the mean lateral dimension, specific surface area, and graphite flake‐to‐GNP transition during exfoliation was performed experimentally using several analytical techniques. The EG‐derived GNPs are produced much faster and require less energy for exfoliation compared to GF, thus making it a more efficient alternative technique.
Activity performance and kinetics for glycerol carbonylation with urea over Zn‐Co mixed metal oxide catalyst
Authors: Kondawar Sharda E. , Kasar Gaytri B. , Khatua Angshuman S. , Rode Chandrashekhar V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficient carbonylation of glycerol using urea with Zn‐Co mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalyst has been achieved. Various methods of catalyst preparation were explored for glycerol carbonate (GC) synthesis. The optimized method of catalyst preparation was found to be co‐precipitation (CP) with a Zn:Co ratio of 70:30, achieving 81% glycerol conversion with 97% GC selectivity. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the formation of ZnO, Co3 O4, and spinel ZnCo2O4 phases. Thermal treatment given to the catalyst allows insertion of Zn cations into Co3O4 lattice forming ZnCo2O4 phase which was also evidenced in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Herein, for the first time, reaction kinetics was studied to propose the rate equation, based on which a plausible reaction pathway is proposed involving two‐site adsorption of glycerol (basic site) and urea (acidic site), which undergo carbonylation followed by cyclization into GC. A recycle study and hot filtration test have proven the reusability of the catalyst.
Cu(II) ions removal from wastewater using starch nanoparticles (SNPs): An eco‐sustainable approach
Authors: Hakke Vikas S. , Landge Vividha K. , Sonawane Shirish H. , Babu G. Uday Bhaskar , Manickam Sivakumar , Boczkaj Grzegorz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe complex structured starch particles were reduced to the nanoscale size range through hydrolysis utilizing low concentration acid assisted by ultrasound irradiation. The synthesized starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The synthesized SNPs possessed surface activated entities, as many cationic functional groups were confirmed through the FTIR spectrum. Also, these SNPs were effectively utilized to separate heavy Cu metal ions from the synthetic ion solution. The SNPs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis for the surface modification after the adsorption process. The weak electrostatic interaction between the SNP surface and Cu ion was confirmed by the XPS spectrum and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The maximum efficiency of Cu ions removal was about 93% at an optimal pH 5 and 25 mg/ml dosage. The adsorption equilibrium was obtained in 60 min. The nitrogen isotherm BET analysis of SNPs after adsorption shows a higher specific surface area of 18.552 m2/g, attributed to the interaction and presence of Cu ions on the SNP surface. The process feasibility was validated by the Langmuir isotherm model. The process exhibits pseudo‐second‐order adsorption kinetics and follows the Langmuir isotherm. The RL predicted by the Langmuir isotherm mechanism is 0.017, implying favourable adsorption. The process is reproducible and allows for the separation of heavy metal ions from the wastewater through biosorption effectively.
Microenvironment Modulation of Imine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Dong Man , Li Wei , Zhou Jie , You Si‐Qi , Sun Chun‐Yi , Yao Xiao‐Hui , Qin Chao , Wang Xin‐Long , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: August 2022

Comprehensive SummaryPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuels and chemicals has been considered as the promising avenue to realize carbon resource recycling. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with pre‐designed and tailorable structures are promising platforms for studying the influence of the microenvironment of catalysts on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, we report three isomorphic COFs (TPHH‐COF, TPPD‐COF and TPBD‐COF) as heterogeneous photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and investigate the different levels of conjugation and planarity of COFs effect on the catalytic activity. Photoelectrochemical measurements show that TPPD‐COF has a narrower band gap and faster photocurrent response compared to TPHH‐COF and TPBD‐COF, probably due to the moderate conjugation and planarity. As the photocatalyst, TPPD‐COF showed the most outstanding photocatalytic activity with the production rates of 951 and 157 μmol·g–1·h–1 for CO and H2, respectively. This study illustrates the close relation between microenvironment and photocatalytic activity and provides new insights for designing high‐performance photocatalysts.
NIR‐triggered Tandem Photothermal and Photochemical Cancer Therapy Based on Nanoscale MOFs under Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: He Miao , Yang Jian , Li Ke , Wang Qinghua , Gu Jinlou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the limited penetration depth of visible light and insufficient oxygen supply in hypoxic tumor tissues, the development of near‐infrared (NIR) triggered and oxygen‐independent photodynamic therapy (PDT) to generate active radicals is necessary for cancer treatment. Herein, we developed a NIR‐triggered photothermal therapy (PTT) and oxygen‐independent PDT system based on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which integrated indocyanine green (ICG) and 2,2’‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) as NIR‐triggered photothermal units and temperature‐sensitive free radical initiator into ZIF‐8, respectively. AIPH was introduced into ZIF‐8 via a one‐pot strategy with high loading capacity (125 mg g−1). Through the irradiation of 808 nm laser, the ICG units could efficiently absorb NIR light to rapidly raise the local temperature to 44 °C within 3 minutes. Meanwhile, the local high temperature further induced the AIPH to continuously generate toxic alkyl radicals (R−C⋅). The combination of PTT and free radical therapy is significantly better than the single treatment mode. More importantly, the NIR‐triggered synergistic therapy could induce extensive apoptosis of cancer cells in hypoxic conditions, which sheds new light on the development of MOFs‐based photochemical therapy platform in the actual tumor microenvironment.
High‐Throughput Cell‐Free Screening of Eukaryotic Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mimetics
Authors: Bruni Renato 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMembrane proteins (MPs) carry out important functions in the metabolism of cells, such as the detection of extracellular activities and the transport of small molecules across the plasma and organelle membranes. Expression of MPs for biochemical, biophysical, and structural analysis is in most cases achieved by overexpression of the desired target in an appropriate host, such as a bacterium. However, overexpression of MPs is usually toxic to the host cells and can lead to aggregation of target protein and to resistance to detergent extraction. An alternative to cell‐based MP expression is cell‐free (CF), or in vitro, expression. CF expression of MPs has several advantages over cell‐based methods, including lack of toxicity issues, no requirement for detergent extraction, and direct incorporation of target proteins in various lipidic mimetics. This article describes a high‐throughput method for the expression and purification of eukaryotic membrane proteins used in the author's lab. Basic Protocol 1 describes the selection and cloning of target genes into appropriate vectors for CF expression. Basic Protocol 2 describes the assembly of CF reactions for high‐throughput screening. Basic Protocol 3 outlines methods for purification and detection of target proteins. Support Protocols 1‐6 describe various accessory procedures: amplification of target, treatment of vectors to prepare them for ligation‐independent cloning, and the preparation of S30 extract, T7 RNA polymerase, liposomes, and nanodiscs. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Target selection, construct design, and cloning into pET‐based expression vectorsSupport Protocol 1: Amplification of target DNASupport Protocol 2: Preparation of ligation‐independent cloning (LIC)‐compatible vectorsBasic Protocol 2: Assembly of small‐scale cell‐free reactions for high‐throughput screeningSupport Protocol 3: Preparation of Escherichia coli S30 extractSupport Protocol 4: Preparation of T7 RNA polymeraseSupport Protocol 5: Preparation of liposomesSupport Protocol 6: Preparation of nanodiscsBasic Protocol 3: Purification and detection of cell‐free reaction products
Eastern monarch larval performance may not be affected by shifts in phenological synchrony with milkweed
Authors: Gilmour Sydney M. , Kharouba Heather M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInteracting species are experiencing disruptions in the relative timing of their key life‐history events due to climate change. These shifts can sometimes be detrimental to the fitness of the consumer in trophic interactions but not always.The potential consequences of phenological asynchrony for the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and its host plant (Asclepiasspp.) have not been well‐studied. Given that plants generally undergo seasonal declines in quality, if climate change delays the timing of the larval stage relative to the availability of younger milkweed plants, monarch performance could be negatively affected.Here, we explore the potential consequences for the eastern monarch population due to probable asynchrony with milkweed. We used field surveys around Ottawa, Canada, to determine monarch oviposition preference on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) plants and the seasonal availability of these plants. To determine the potential fitness consequences when females oviposit on nonpreferred plants, we conducted a field experiment to assess the effect of milkweed size on monarch larval performance (e.g., development time and final size).Preferred oviposition plants (earlier stages of development and better condition) were consistently available in large proportion over the summer season. We also found that declines in leaf quality (more latex and thicker leaves) with plant size did not translate into decreases in larval performance.Our results suggest that even if asynchrony of the monarch–milkweed interaction occurs due to climate change, the larval stage of the eastern monarch may not face negative consequences. Future studies should determine how the relative timing of the interaction will change in the region.
Assessment of the stream invertebrate β‐diversity along an elevation gradient using a bidimensional null model analysis
Authors: Timoner Pablo , Marle Pierre , Castella Emmanuel , Lehmann Anthony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract‐Diversity, commonly defined as the compositional variation among localities that links local diversity (α‐diversity) and regional diversity (γ‐diversity), can arise from two different ecological phenomena, namely the spatial species turnover (i.e., species replacement) and the nestedness of assemblages (i.e., species loss). However, any assessment that does not account for stochasticity in community assembly could be biased and misinform conservation management. In this study, we aimed to provide a better understanding of the overall ecological phenomena underlying stream ‐diversity along elevation gradients and to contribute to the rich debate on null model approaches to identify nonrandom patterns in the distribution of taxa. Based on presence‐absence data of 78 stream invertebrate families from 309 sites located in the Swiss Alpine region, we analyzed the effect size of nonrandom spatial distribution of stream invertebrates on the ‐diversity and its two components (i.e., turnover and nestedness). We used a modeling framework that allows exploring the complete range of existing algorithms used in null model analysis and assessing how distribution patterns vary according to an array of possible ecological assumptions. Overall, the turnover of stream invertebrates and the nestedness of assemblages were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than the ones expected by chance. This pattern increased with elevation, and the consistent trend observed along the altitudinal gradient, even in the most conservative analysis, strengthened our findings. Our study suggests that deterministic distribution of stream invertebrates in the Swiss Alpine region is significantly driven by differential dispersal capacity and environmental stress gradients. As long as the ecological assumptions for constructing the null models and their implications are acknowledged, we believe that they still represent useful tools to measure the effect size of nonrandom spatial distribution of taxa on ‐diversity.
Transgenerational exposure to marine heatwaves ameliorates the lethal effect on tropical copepods regardless of predation stress
Authors: Truong Kiem N. , Vu Ngoc‐Anh , Doan Nam X. , Bui Canh V. , Le Minh‐Hoang , Vu Minh T. T. , Dinh Khuong V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are emerging as a severe stressor in marine ecosystems. Extreme warm sea surface temperatures during MHWs often exceed the optimal thermal range for more than one generation of tropical coastal zooplankton. However, it is relatively unknown whether transgenerational plasticity (TGP) to MHWs may shape the offspring's fitness, particularly in an ecologically relevant context with biotic interactions such as predation stress. We addressed these novel research questions by determining the survival, reproductive success, and grazing rate of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus incisus exposed to MHW and fish predator cues (FPC) for two generations (F1 and F2). The experiment was designed in a full orthogonal manner with 4 treatments in F1 and 16 treatments in F2 generation. In both generations, MHW reduced P. incisus survival, reproductive parameters, and grazing by 10%–62% in MHW, but these parameters increased by 2%–15% with exposure to FPC, particularly at control temperature. F2 reproductive success and grazing rate as indicated by cumulative fecal pellets were reduced by 20%–30% in F1‐MHW, but increased by ~2% in F1‐FPC. Strikingly, MHW exposure reduced 17%–18% survival, but transgenerational exposure to MHWs fully ameliorated its lethal effect and this transgenerational effect was independent of FPC. Increased survival came with a cost of reduced reproductive success, constrained by reduced grazing. The rapid transgenerational MHW acclimation and its associated costs are likely widespread and crucial mechanisms underlying the resilience of coastal tropical zooplankton to MHWs in tropical coastal marine ecosystems.
Pattern of play behavior in infant (age 1 to 12 months) white‐headed langurs in limestone forests, southwest China
Authors: Yang Liting , Sun Tao , Zhou Yingming , Tang Chuangbin , Huang Chengming , Fan Penglai , Zhou Qihai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlay behavior is a significant trait of immature nonhuman primates (hereafter primates) that plays an important role in sensory, locomotor, socio‐cognitive, and developmental processes. It has been suggested that the function of play is to practice and improve motor skills related to foraging, avoiding predators, attracting mates, raising offspring, and strengthening the skills needed for the formation and maintenance of social bonds. From September 2009 to August 2010, we investigated the play behavior of 1–12 month‐old infant white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) a Critically Endangered primate species endemic to China. We carried out this study in the Guangxi Chongzuo White‐headed Langur National Nature Reserve, and recorded 4421 play bouts and 1302 min of play engaged in by seven infants. We found that infants of different ages exhibited different patterns of play behavior. Specifically, nonsocial play behaviors appeared at one month of age, social play behaviors at two months, and an expanded repertoire of social and non‐social play behaviors at three months of age. The frequency and duration of nonsocial play peaked at five months of age and then decreased, while social play gradually increased with age. Nonsocial play did not differ between the sexes, whereas social play showed sex specificity, with a higher frequency and longer duration of social play in male infants compared to female infants. In addition, male and female white‐headed langur infants appeared to prefer individuals of same sex as social playmates, but no obvious choice preference for a specific individual. In conclusion, we provide the first report of play behavior in a population of wild Critically Endangered white‐headed langurs. We suggest that age‐ and sex‐specific differences in play behavior of infants form the bases for age and sex‐based differences in the social interactions of adult langurs.