bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refrigerant flow distribution research for battery cooling coupled with cabin comfort based on dual-evaporator heat pump system for electric vehicle acceleration
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Hewu , Gao Qing , Zhang Xiaohang , Zhang Xilong , Liu Zunmin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The heat pump system employed with a dual evaporator for battery cooling coupled with cabin comfort is an innovative thermal management method. It can be inferred that the refrigerant thermal load distribution can trigger temperature fluctuations for thermal performance of both battery and cabin. To trade-off between the thermal management demands of battery and cabin, this study proposed a strategy to promote the decreasing of battery temperature and to ensure battery thermal uniformity with a higher priority. Hence a transient refrigerant flow rate distribution scheme with a minimum flow rate to satisfy battery thermal demands was designed. The results showed a significant reduction in the temperature fluctuations for cabin thermal comfort and BTM thermal controlling. It offers a satisfactory reference for refrigerant thermal load distribution strategy applied with the heat pump system connected to the battery and cabin by the dual evaporator.
Acceptability of multiple modalities of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers in Tanzania: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Beckham S Wilson , Mantsios Andrea , Galai Noya , Likindikoki Samuel , Mbwambo Jessie , Davis Wendy , Kerrigan Deanna 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesModalities of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention offer options to women at high risk including female sex workers (FSW). This study aimed to explore FSW’s acceptability and preferences for oral pills, long-acting (LA) injectable and vaginal ring PrEP.DesignSequential, explanatory, mixed methods.SettingIringa, Tanzania.ParticipantsFSW aged above 18 were recruited from sex work venues using time-location sampling (n=496); HIV-uninfected (n=293) were included in this analysis. Subsequently, survey participants were recruited for in-depth interviews (n=10) and two focus group discussions (n=20).Primary outcome measures(1) Acceptability of PrEP (Do you personally think it would be worth it to you to take ART if it could prevent HIV?: yes/no) and (2) preference for LA injectable versus oral pills (If you personally were going to take ART to prevent HIV infection, would you prefer to take it in the form of a daily pill or an injection once every 3 months? Injection/pill).ResultsParticipants were (92%) unaware of PrEP but 58% thought it would be worth it to personally take PrEP. Acceptability of PrEP was significantly associated with higher social cohesion (aOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.50) and STI symptoms in the past 6 months (aOR 2.52; 95% CI 1.38 to 4.62). Most (88%) preferred LA vs oral PrEP. Qualitative findings revealed generally positive reactions to all types of PrEP, and they were viewed as a welcome backup to condoms. Participants had concerns about pills (burden of daily use, stigma from clients), and the vaginal ring (fear of client noticing and becoming suspicious, fear of infertility) and overall preferred LA-PrEP (less frequent use, easy to hide, belief in higher efficacy).ConclusionsOffering multiple formulations of PrEP within the context of community-driven HIV prevention interventions among FSW may facilitate increased uptake and adherence. LA injectable PrEP may be a particularly preferred formulation among FSW.Trial registration numberNCT02281578.
Supporting direct support professionals in enabling people with intellectual disabilities to engage in meaningful activities: protocol for the Meaningful Activities 4 All (MA4A) study based on the human-centred design process
Authors: Wille Christophe , De Clerck Ine , Van Hove Geert , Van Loon Jos , Van de Velde Dominique , De Vriendt Patricia 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionMeaningful activities (MA) have a positive impact on identity, well-being, participation and inclusion. Although people with intellectual disabilities (PID) depend on their direct support professionals (DSPs) to engage in MA, the DSPs need support which could enable them to offer more qualitative care and support.Methods and analysisTo identify DSPs’ needs, and to develop a tool/service, an innovative and iterative approach is developed, based on the human-centred design (HCD) process, combined with traditional qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the inspiration phase (needs analysis), in-depth interviews will be conducted in two day care centres in Flanders using an interpretative phenomenological analyses, one with a supply-driven approach and the other with a demand-driven approach, followed by a survey sent to all Flemish day care centres. In the ideation phase, the insights of phase 1 will guide a cocreation process (comprising a World Cafe, brainstorm and prototype sessions) with the DSPs, PID and other stakeholders. In the implementation phase, the solution will be tested in the two day care centres from phase 1 by means of living labs and a realist evaluation. By adopting this protocol, the functionality, quality, usability and acceptance are expected to increase. This protocol adopts all phases of the HCD process and shows the complementarity of HCD with traditional research methods. PID and the DSPs will benefit as the end result is truly grounded in their specific needs and wishes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Ghent, Belgium (reference numbers: B670202042983 and PA2021-091). All participants will sign informed consent forms. Results of this study will be submitted for publication in relevant peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at relevant conferences.
Association between COVID-19 vaccination rates and the Australian ‘Million Dollar Vax’ competition: an observational study
Authors: Jun Dajung , Scott Anthony 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the association between financial incentives from entry into a vaccine competition with the probability of vaccination for COVID-19.DesignA cross-sectional study with adjustment for covariates using logistic regression.SettingOctober and November 2021, Australia.Participants2375 respondents of the Taking the Pulse of the Nation survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe proportion of respondents who had any vaccination, a first dose only, or second dose after the competition opened.ResultsThose who entered the competition were 2.27 (95% CI 1.73 to 2.99) times more likely to be vaccinated after the competition opened on 1 October than those who did not enter—an increase in the probability of having any dose of 0.16 (95 % CI 0.10 to 0.21) percentage points. This increase was mostly driven by those receiving second doses. Entrants were 2.39 (95% CI 1.80 to 3.17) times more likely to receive their second dose after the competition opened.ConclusionsThose who entered the Million Dollar Vax competition were more likely to have a vaccination after the competition opened compared with those who did not enter the competition, with this effect dominated by those receiving second doses.
Reporting of data on participant ethnicity and socioeconomic status in high-impact medical journals: a targeted literature review
Authors: Buttery Sara C , Philip Keir E J , Alghamdi Saeed M , Williams Parris J , Quint Jennifer K , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the frequency of reporting of ethnicity (or ‘race’) and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators in high-impact journals.DesignTargeted literature review.Data sourcesThe 10 highest ranked general medical journals using Google scholar h5 index.Eligibility criteriaInclusion criteria were, human research, reporting participant level data. Exclusion criteria were non-research article, animal/other non-human participant/subject or no participant characteristics reported.Data extraction and synthesisWorking backwards from 19 April 2021 in each journal, two independent reviewers selected the 10 most recent articles meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria, to create a sample of 100 articles. Data on the frequency of reporting of ethnicity (or ‘race’) and SES indicators were extracted and presented using descriptive statistics.ResultsOf 100 research articles included, 35 reported ethnicity and 13 SES. By contrast, 99 reported age, and 97 reported sex or gender. Among the articles not reporting ethnicity, only 3 (5%) highlighted this as a limitation, and only 6 (7%) where SES data were missing. Median number of articles reporting ethnicity per journal was 2.5/10 (range 0 to 9). Only two journals explicitly requested reporting of ethnicity (or race), and one requested SES.ConclusionsThe majority of research published in high-impact medical journals does not include data on the ethnicity and SES of participants, and this omission is rarely acknowledged as a limitation. This situation persists despite the well-established importance of this issue and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommendations to include relevant demographic variables to ensure representative samples. Standardised explicit minimum standards are required.
Holding back the tears: is there a role for marsupialisation?
Authors: Chiu Stephanie J , Currie Zanna I , Tan Jennifer HY 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveMedial eyelid tumours may result in the loss of the proximal lacrimal system during staged excision and delayed reconstruction, to achieve tumour margin clearance. The remnant canaliculus was marsupialised during reconstruction. The aim was to understand how many patients experienced symptomatic epiphora as a consequence of this.Methods and analysisA retrospective study including patients over a 15-year period with medial eyelid tumours, where the proximal lacrimal system was sacrificed to achieve tumour margin clearance. Included were all who had marsupialisation of the remnant distal stump as part of their delayed reconstruction. All who had pre-existing epiphora were excluded. The primary objective was the rate of epiphora following the procedure. A systematic literature review of postoperative epiphora occurring in patients with lid tumours requiring lacrimal system injury/sacrifice during tumour excision.ResultsThere were 22 eyes (22 patients). All were basal cell carcinomas except for 1 (4.5%) tarsal conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma. All cases involved the lower lid. There were two (9.1%) patients who developed epiphora. One patient underwent a superior three-snip punctoplasty, botulinum toxin to the lacrimal gland and conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with Lester Jones tube insertion. The other patient was not overly troubled and did not require further treatment. The literature review showed the median postoperative rate of epiphora in these patients was 12.5% (range 0%–100%).ConclusionMarsupialisation of the remnant canaliculus during delayed reconstruction is a straightforward and effective surgical option, which may help prevent postreconstruction epiphora when the proximal lacrimal system is sacrificed for tumour margin clearance.Trial registration number10391.
mHealth learning tool for skilled birth attendants: scaling the Safe Delivery App in India
Authors: Singh Sodha Tarun , Grønbæk Astrid , Bhandari Aditya , Mary Bright , Sudke Ajit , Smith Lauren Teresa 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundOne of the main drivers of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity in India is a lack of quality of care in health facilities. Inadequate competencies of health workers, insufficient quality of training and infrastructure, and the financial challenges of providing training across the country impede quality care provision. To this end, the Government of India began exploring cost-effective tech and IT-based solutions to support existing quality improvement (QI) initiatives.MethodWe describe the process and approach of scaling the Safe Delivery App (hereafter referred to as the App) throughout India. The App is an mHealth learning tool for equipping health workers in managing obstetric and neonatal emergencies by placing evidence-based, and up-to-date clinical guidelines in their hands through their mobile devices. The use of the App was supported by the Ministry of Health and the Department of Health at the state level. Both parties were actively involved in the roll-out of the App and had a clear vision of how the App can complement existing structures/systems/programmes.ResultsThe App was successfully integrated and implemented in various government-led QI initiatives. Approximately 20 000 healthcare workers (HCWs) have been trained on the App and selected clinical topics since its launch, and between 2018 and 2021 over 86 000 HCWs across all states and union territories used the App. Moreover, project-specific data show a significant increase in the knowledge level of users of the App.ConclusionScaling such a tool within existing programmes is not a linear process. In India, the approach, government buy-in and flexibility of implementation modalities led to the successful roll-out of the App. We have demonstrated that an mHealth tool can be used to support the growing desire of governments to use tech in support existing QI initiatives and supporting the improvement of quality of care provided.
Absolute coronary flow and microvascular resistance reserve in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Paolisso Pasquale , Gallinoro Emanuele , Vanderheyden Marc , Esposito Giuseppe , Bertolone Dario Tino , Belmonte Marta , Mileva Niya , Bermpeis Konstantinos , De Colle Cristina , Fabbricatore Davide , Candreva Alessandro , Munhoz Daniel , Degrieck Ivan , Casselman Filip , Penicka Martin , Collet Carlos , Sonck Jeroen , Mangiacapra Fabio , de Bruyne Bernard , Barbato Emanuele 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundDevelopment of left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy in aortic stenosis (AS) is accompanied by adaptive coronary flow regulation. We aimed to assess absolute coronary flow, microvascular resistance, coronary flow reverse (CFR) and microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) in patients with and without AS.MethodsAbsolute coronary flow and microvascular resistance were measured by continuous thermodilution in 29 patients with AS and 29 controls, without AS, matched for age, gender, diabetes and functional severity of epicardial coronary lesions. Myocardial work, total myocardial mass and left anterior descending artery (LAD)-specific mass were quantified by echocardiography and cardiac-CT.ResultsPatients with AS presented a significantly positive LV remodelling with lower global longitudinal strain and global work efficacy compared with controls. Total LV myocardial mass and LAD-specific myocardial mass were significantly higher in patients with AS (p=0.001). Compared with matched controls, absolute resting flow in the LAD was significantly higher in the AS cohort (p=0.009), resulting into lower CFR and MRR in the AS cohort compared with controls (p<0.005 for both). No differences were found in hyperaemic flow and resting and hyperaemic resistances. Hyperaemic myocardial perfusion (calculated as the ratio between the absolute coronary flow subtended to the LAD, expressed in mL/min/g), but not resting, was significantly lower in the AS group (p=0.035).ConclusionsIn patients with severe AS and non-obstructive coronary artery disease, with the progression of LV hypertrophy, the compensatory mechanism of increased resting flow maintains adequate perfusion at rest, but not during hyperaemia. As a consequence, both CFR and MRR are significantly impaired.
Fermionic steering and its monogamy relations in Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Zeng Hao-Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing two different types of quantification for quantum steering, we study the influence of Hawking radiation on quantum steering for fermionic fields in Schwarzschild spacetime. The degradation for the steering between physically accessible observers and the generation for the steering between physically accessible and inaccessible observers induced by Hawking radiation are studied. We also reveal the difference between the two types of quantification for steering, and find some monogamy relations between steering and entanglement. Furthermore, we show the different properties between fermionic steering and bosonic steering in Schwarzschild spacetime.
Arbitrary unitaries in orbital angular momentum of single photons
Authors: Kysela Jaroslav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA simple argument is presented that explicitly shows how to construct an arbitrary quantum gate acting on orbital angular momentum (OAM) of single photons. The scheme can be applied to implement subspace multiplexing, where a single high-dimensional OAM qudit represents effectively a stack of multiple independent lower-dimensional qudits. A special subclass of unitaries composed of single-photon controlled gates is studied in detail and notable examples of the general approach are discussed. The generalization of the simple argument leads to the parallelization scheme, which results in the savings of resources. The presented schemes utilize only conventional optical elements and apply not only to single photons but also to classical light.
Mitigation of electron cloud effects in the FCC-ee collider
Authors: Yaman Fatih , Iadarola Giovanni , Kersevan Roberto , Ogur Salim , Ohmi Kazuhito , Zimmermann Frank , Zobov Mikhail 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectron clouds forming inside the beam vacuum chamber due to photoemission and secondary emission may limit the accelerator performance. Specifically, the electron clouds can blow up the vertical emittance of a positron beam, through a head-tail-type single-bunch instability, if the central electron density exceeds a certain threshold value, that can be estimated analytically. Using the codes PyECLOUD and VSim, we carried out detailed simulations of the electron-cloud build up for the main arcs and the damping ring of the FCC-ee collider, in order to identify the effective photoemission rate and secondary emission yield required for achieving and maintaining the design emittance. To this end, we present the simulated electron density at the centre of the beam pipe for various bunch spacings, secondary emission yields, and photoemission parameters, in the damping ring and in the arcs of the collider positron ring. To gain further insight into the underlying dynamics, the obtained spatial and energy distributions of the cloud electrons are illustrated as a function of time. In addition, we compare results obtained for two different secondary emission models (“Furman–Pivi” and “ECLOUD”), thereby indicating the uncertainty inherent in this type of study, without any prototype vacuum chambers yet available. We also point out a few situations where the two secondary-emission models yield similar density values. Finally, based on our simulation results for two different design variants, we conclude that the new parameter baseline of the FCC-ee will facilitate electron-cloud mitigation.
C-Rate Capability of Ion-Beam Sputter Deposited Silicon, Carbon and Silicon/Carbon Multilayer Thin Films for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hüger Erwin , Jin Chao , Uxa Daniel , Schmidt Harald 
Published: August 2022

Silicon is highly desired as high-energy density active Li storage material in Li-ion batteries, but usually does not withstand extended cycling. This work examines the C-rate capability up to Li plating and the long term cycling for ion-beam sputter-deposited amorphous (Si/C) × 10 multilayers (MLs) (with individual layer thicknesses between 5 and 27 nm), as well as for amorphous silicon and carbon single layers (with film thicknesses between 14 and 230 nm). Differential capacity plots were analyzed to examine the lithiation and delithiation mechanism. The silicon single-layers are stable for the first five cycles only, with a behavior of thinner films similar to supercapacitors. The carbon single layers show good cycling stability but also low capacities similar to graphite. The combination of silicon and carbon within Si/C MLs improved capacity and cycling behavior. The Li+ insertion and extraction process from the Si/C MLs is reversible and dominated by silicon. It coincides even at high currents (10C) and after hundreds of cycles with that of the thicker silicon film at its initial cycles. The MLs combine the positive property of carbon (reversible cycling) and of silicon (high capacity). Thinner carbon layers in the ML increase the silicon capacity for all cycles. The topic of irreversible Li-losses is discussed.
ДИНАМІКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ПЕЧІНКИ В ПЕРІОД ПІЗНІХ ПРОЯВІВ КРАНІОСКЕЛЕТНОЇ ТРАВМИ ЗА УМОВ СУПУТНЬОГО ХРОНІЧНОГО ГЕПАТИТУ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ КОРЕКЦІЇ АРМАДІНОМ
Authors: Прохоренко О. О. , Цимбалюк Г. Ю. 
Published: August 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Краніоскелетна травма у структурі летальності посідає одне з перших місць у світі. Недостатньо вивченим на цьому тлі є вплив супутньої патології, зумовленої хронічним ураженням внутрішніх органів. Значний інтерес становить проблема хронічних дифузних уражень печінки. Тому пошук закономірностей формування дисфункції печінки та розробка шляхів її профілактики і корекції за умов тяжкої поєднаної травми і хронічного ураження печінки належить до актуальних проблем сучасної теоретичної і практичної медицини.
Мета – зʼясувати динаміку показників функціональної активності печінки в період пізніх проявів краніоскелетної травми за умов супутнього хронічного гепатиту та оцінити ефективність корекції армадіном.
Матеріал і методи. В окремих групах нелінійних білих щурів-самців моделювали краніоскелетну травму, хронічний гепатит та їх поєднання. З метою корекції у групі з поєднаним ураженням застосовували армадін у дозі 20 мг/кг внутрішньоочеревино. Через 14, 21, 28 і 35 діб після нанесення травми у печінці піддослідних тварин визначали швидкість жовчовиділення, вміст у жовчі сумарних жовчних кислот, загального і кон’югованого білірубіну, на основі яких розраховували ступінь кон’югації білірубіну.
Результати. Нанесення краніоскелетної травми через 14 діб посттравматичного періоду, порівняно з контролем, супроводжується істотним зниженням швидкості жовчовиділення, вмісту в жовчі сумарних жовчних кислот та ступеня кон’югації білірубіну, які до 35 доби досягали рівня контролю. Водночас нанесення травми на тлі супутнього хронічного гепатиту теж викликає порушення досліджуваних показників, яке істотно більше, ніж у групі тварин без супутнього хронічного гепатиту. Застосування за цих умов армадіну з 21 доби експерименту зумовлює зменшення порушень досліджуваних показників, порівняно з групою тварин без корекції.
Висновки. Нанесення краніоскелетної травми на тлі хронічного гепатиту в період пізніх проявів травматичної хвороби супроводжується більшим порушенням показників жовчоутворювальної та жовчовидільної функції печінки, ніж у групі травмованих тварин без супутнього ураження печінки. Застосування армадіну викликає статистично значуще зниження інтенсивності виявлених порушень, починаючи з 21 доби експерименту.