bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and evolutionary lineage diversity in the small-eared greater galago, Otolemur garnettii (Primates: Galagidae)
Authors: Penna Anna , Dillon Rosemarie , Bearder Simon K , Karlsson Johan , Perkin Andrew , Pozzi Luca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Assessing the true lineage diversity in elusive nocturnal organisms is particularly challenging due to their subtle phenotypic variation in diagnostic traits. The cryptic small-eared greater galago (Otolemur garnettii) offers a great opportunity to test if currently recognized subspecies, suggested by discontinuities in coat colour pattern and geographic barriers, represent distinct evolutionary lineages. To answer this question, we conducted the first population-level phylogeographic study of the species, sampling wild specimens from across almost its entire latitudinal range, including the Zanzibar Archipelago. We applied five species-delimitation algorithms to investigate the genetic diversity and distribution pattern of mitochondrial DNA across the geographic range of three out of four subspecies. Our results suggest that far-northern populations of O. g. lasiotis potentially represent an independently evolving lineage, but populations assigned to O. g. garnettii from Zanzibar Island and of O. g panganiensis from mainland Tanzania do not constitute two independent lineages. A dated phylogeny suggests that this northern clade diverged from all remaining samples approximately 4 Mya. Such old divergence age is in line with the split between many galagid species. This northern lineage could potentially represent an incipient species; however, there is not yet enough evidence to support a new taxonomic status for this unique mitochondrial group.
Encouraging Our NICU to “Read-a-Latte”
Authors: Latif Marina , Duarte Ribeiro Ana Paula , Blatz Mary Ann , Burkett Kathleen , Dragon Mary Ann , Craver Traci , Cogan Stacie , Ricciardi Sheri , Weber Ashley 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Preterm infants have known impairments in language development relative to infants born at full term, and the language-poor environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a contributing factor. Adapting outpatient literacy programs for the NICU is a potential evidence-based intervention to encourage adult speech exposure to infants through reading sessions during NICU hospitalization.

Purpose:
To evaluate implementation of a 10-day NICU Read-a-Thon and potential barriers and facilitators of a year-round program aimed at increasing reading sessions for NICU patients.

Methods:
We established an implementation team to execute a Read-a-Thon and evaluated its impact utilizing quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative methodology was used to report number of donated books and infant reading sessions. Qualitative methodology inclusive of interviews, surveys, and source document reviews was used to evaluate the Read-a-Thon.

Results:
We received approximately 1300 donated books and logged 663 reading sessions over the 10-day Read-a-Thon. Qualitative evaluation of the Read-a-Thon identified 6 main themes: motivation, emotional response to the program, benefits and outcomes, barriers, facilitators, and future of literacy promotion in our NICU. Our evaluation informed specific aims for improvement (eg, maintaining book accessibility) for a quality improvement initiative to sustain a year-round reading program.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Neonatal units can leverage Read-a-Thons as small tests of change to evaluate barriers, facilitators, and change processes needed to implement reading programs. Process maps of book inventory and conducting a 5 W's, 2 H's (who, what, when, where, why, how, how much) assessment can aid in program planning.
The Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfeet Associated With Down Syndrome: A Single-institution 18-year Experience
Authors: Portalatin Perez Edwin , Parenti Sarah , Polk Jordan , Jo Chanhee , Riccio Anthony I. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Although the Ponseti method has been used with great success in a variety of nonidiopathic clubfoot deformities, the efficacy of this treatment in clubfeet associated with Down syndrome remains unreported. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to compare treatment characteristics and outcomes of clubfoot patients with Down syndrome to those with idiopathic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method.

Methods:
An Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective review of prospectively gathered data were performed at a single pediatric hospital over an 18-year period. Patients with either idiopathic clubfeet or clubfeet associated with Down syndrome who were less than 1 year of age at the outset of treatment were treated by the Ponseti method, and had a minimum of 2 year’s follow-up were included. Initial Dimeglio score, number of casts, need for heel cord tenotomy, recurrence, and need for further surgery were recorded. Outcomes were classified using the Richards classification system: “good” (plantigrade foot +/− heel cord tenotomy), “fair” (need for a limited procedure), or “poor” (need for a full posteromedial release).

Results:
Twenty clubfeet in 13 patients with Down syndrome and 320 idiopathic clubfeet in 215 patients were identified. Average follow-up was 73 months for the Down syndrome cohort and 62 months for the idiopathic cohort. Down syndrome patients presented for treatment at a significantly older age (61 vs. 16 d, P=0.00) and with significantly lower average initial Dimeglio scores than the idiopathic cohort (11.3 vs. 13.4, P=0.02). Heel cord tenotomy was performed in 80% of the Down syndrome cohort and 79% of the idiopathic cohort (P=1.00). Recurrence rates were higher in the Down syndrome cohort (60%) compared with the idiopathic group (37%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.06). Need for later surgical procedures was similar between the 2 cohorts, though recurrences in the Down syndrome group were significantly less likely to require intra-articular surgery (8.3% vs. 65.5%, P=0.00). Clinical outcomes were 95% “good,” 0% “fair,” and 5% “poor” in the Down syndrome cohort and 69% “good,” 27% “fair,” and 4% “poor” in the idiopathic cohort (P=0.01).

Conclusions:
Despite the milder deformity and an older age at presentation, clubfeet associated with Down syndrome have similar rates of recurrence and may have better clinical outcomes when compared with their idiopathic counterparts. When deformities do relapse in Down syndrome patients, significantly less intra-articular surgery is required than for idiopathic clubfeet.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Progress in diagnosis and treatment of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis
Authors: Yu Xin , Wu Jing , Su Chunxia 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
In this article, we summarized the current knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of the checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), and provide an outlook on the current issues and future prospects.

Recent findings
Pulmonary toxicity of immunotherapy covers a broad range of pulmonary manifestations and is often referred to as pneumonitis. It is a severe and potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that requires early identification and management. The diagnosis of CIP should be carefully distinguished from other forms of pulmonary diseases. Recognizing risk factors and typical symptoms helps to raise suspicion of CIP. Further characterization of the unique radiographic and pathological features is warranted to expedite diagnosis. The identification of potential biomarkers for CIP is emerging and has great relevance in the clinic. Multidisciplinary collaborations involving oncologists, radiologists and pulmonologists may facilitate uniform management strategies. Treatment discontinuation is the mainstay for treating CIP of all grades. Systemic steroids are considered for pneumonitis at least grade 2 and immunosuppressive drugs are recommended for CIP patients refractory to steroids. In the future, more diagnosis and management strategies are needed to provide new insights and treatment options.

Summary
There are achievements and shortcomings in the current status of the diagnosis and treatment for CIP. In the future, the research on this topic should be further demonstrated.
Hydroxychloroquine reduces hypertension and soluble fms-like kinase-1 in a N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-induced preeclampsia rat model
Authors: Choi Minji , Hwang Jae Ryoung , Sung Ji-Hee , Byun Nagyeong , Seok Ye Seon , Cho Geum Joon , Choi Suk-Joo , Kim Jung-Sun , Oh Soo-young , Roh Cheong-Rae 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
Hydroxychloroquine, a drug used for malaria and autoimmune diseases reportedly has beneficial effects against preeclampsia in pregnant women with lupus. However, its mechanism against preeclampsia remains unclear. We investigated the effect of hydroxychloroquine on an N
ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-induced preeclampsia rat model.

Methods:
Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups based on treatment (administered on gestational days 7–18): control, N
ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, hydroxychloroquine, and N
ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester plus hydroxychloroquine. All animals were sacrificed on gestational day 19. We assayed tube formation and determined reactive oxygen species levels using human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Results:
Results showed that hydroxychloroquine significantly lowered mean systolic blood pressure (P
< 0.05) in N
ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-treated rats. Hydroxychloroquine did not affect their fetal and placental weights. Hydroxychloroquine mitigated N
ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-associated changes in proteinuria (P
< 0.05). It normalized plasma soluble fms-like kinase-1 (P
< 0.05) and endothelin-1 (P
< 0.01) levels. In the tube formation assay, hydroxychloroquine increased the total meshes area (P
< 0.05) and mitigated N
ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester–induced reactive oxygen species formation (P
< 0.05) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Conclusion:
We conclude that hydroxychloroquine alleviated hypertension, proteinuria, and normalized soluble fms-like kinase-1 and endothelin-1 levels in our preeclampsia model and that these changes may involve the restoration of endothelial dysfunction; thus, hydroxychloroquine could potentially be used for preventing preeclampsia, even in the absence of lupus.
Optimizing Older Adults' Medication Use Nurses can partner with caregivers to promote safe medication administration.
Authors: Zonsius Mary C. , Myftari Klodiana , Newman Michelle , Emery-Tiburcio Erin E. 
Published: November 2022

This article is the third in a series, Supporting Family Caregivers in the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute as part of the ongoing Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone series. The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) is an evidence-based framework for assessing and acting on critical issues in the care of older adults across settings and transitions of care. Engaging the health care team, including older adults and their family caregivers, with the 4Ms framework can help to ensure that every older adult gets the best care possible, is not harmed by health care, and is satisfied with the care they receive.
The articles in this series present considerations for implementing the 4Ms framework in the inpatient hospital setting and incorporating family caregivers in doing so. Resources for both nurses and family caregivers, including a series of accompanying videos developed by AARP and the Rush Center for Excellence in Aging and funded by The John A. Hartford Foundation, are also provided. Nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers. Then they can refer caregivers to the informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—and instructional videos, encouraging them to ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses. Cite this article as: Zonsius, M.C., et al. Optimizing Older Adults' Medication Use. Am J Nurs 2022; 122(3): 38-43.
Textbook Outcomes After Open Live Donor Right Hepatectomy and Open Right Hepatic Lobectomy for Cancer in 686 patients
Authors: Dogeas Epameinondas , Geller David A. , Tohme Samer , Steel Jennifer , Lo Winifred , Morocco Brittany , Tevar Amit , Molinari Michele , Hughes Christopher , Humar Abhinav 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To compare textbook outcomes (TO) of open live donor right hepatectomy (RH) versus open right hepatic lobectomy for cancer in a single Western center and to identify clinical factors associated with failure to achieve a TO.

Background:
TO, a composite quality measure that captures multiple aspects of perioperative care, has not been thoroughly studied in open RH. We hypothesized that TO rates after RH for live donor transplant could represent the “best-achievable” results of this operation and could serve as the benchmark for RH performed for an oncologic indication.

Methods:
A prospective database was reviewed to compare TO rates after RH for live donor purposes versus RH for cancer at a single center from 2010 to 2020. A TO was defined as achieving 7 metrics: no perioperative transfusion, no major postoperative complications, no significant bile leak, no unplanned transfer to the ICU, no 30-day mortality, no 30-day readmission, and no R1 margins for cancer cases.

Results:
Among 686 RH patients (371 live donor and 315 cancer cases), a TO was achieved in 92.2% of RH donors and 53.7% of RH cancer cases. Live donor patients tended to be younger, healthier, and thinner. Among donors, increased intraoperative blood loss, and in cancer cases, male sex, tumor size, and increased intraoperative blood loss were associated with TO failure.

Conclusions:
A TO can be achieved in over 90% of patients undergoing living donor RH and in approximately half of RH cancer cases. These metrics represent a new benchmark for “real-world” TO after open RH.
Investigation of the Effects of COVID-19 on Perception, Attention, Memory, Balance, and Quality of Life in the Elderly
Authors: Aydoğan Zehra , Baş Banu , Aksoy Songül 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
This study was conducted with elderly individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on balance, perception, attention, memory, and quality of life and produce rehabilitative solutions for these problems.

Material and Method:
A total of 45 volunteers older than 65 years who had not had COVID-19 were included in group 1. A total of 45 volunteers older than 65 years who had recovered from COVID-19 were included in group 2 (elderly people who have had COVID-19 at least 6 months ago). After obtaining the individuals' demographic data, we conducted vestibular assessment for balance and administered the Stroop test for attention, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the digit span test for short-term memory, and a quality-of-life test.

Results:
Mean age of the individuals who had had COVID-19 was 68.24 ± 3.32 years, and the mean age of the individuals who had not had COVID-19 was 68.55 ± 3.34 years. There were statistically significant correlations between the two groups for the Stroop test (P < .05), MMSE (P < .05), the digit span test for perception and attention (P < .05), and the vestibular assessment quality-of-life test (P < .01). Sensory (P < .001), past, present, and future activities (P < .05), social participation (P < .001), and death (P < .05) were found to be significant in the total score (P < .001). The covariance analysis of elderly individuals who had had COVID-19 revealed that they performed significantly worse on the balance, perception, attention, memory, and quality-of-life tests than elderly individuals who had not had COVID-19.

Conclusion:
The negative effects of COVID-19 were found among elderly individuals older than 65 years. We suggest that telerehabilitation should be developed for elderly people who have recovered from COVID-19 and that its effects investigated.
Activities of Daily Living in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Fernández-Baizán Cristina , García M. Paula Fernández , Díaz-Cáceres Elena , Menéndez-González Manuel , Arias Jorge L. , Méndez Marta 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to assess activities of daily living (ADLs) through questionnaires and performance-based tasks in Parkinson disease (PD) and to relate their execution with memory and visuospatial abilities.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 85 participants (55 PD and 30 controls).

Results:
Parkinson disease achieved a significant lower performance in Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) tasks. Those with PD spent less time in ADLS. In PD with lower cognitive level, visuospatial functions were significantly related with performance-based ADLs.

Conclusion:
Our results underline the clinical value of using performance-based task for the assessment of cognitive deficits associated with neurological disease in the elderly.
Estimation of free water-corrected microscopic fractional anisotropy
Authors: Arezza Nico J. J. , Omer Mohammad , Baron Corey A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWater diffusion anisotropy MRI is sensitive to microstructural changes in the brain that are hallmarks of various neurological conditions. However, conventional metrics like fractional anisotropy are confounded by neuron fiber orientation dispersion, and the relatively low resolution of diffusion-weighted MRI gives rise to significant free water partial volume effects in many brain regions. Microscopic fractional anisotropy is a recent metric that can report water diffusion anisotropy independent of neuron fiber orientation dispersion but is still susceptible to free water contamination. In this paper, we present a free water elimination (FWE) technique to estimate microscopic fractional anisotropy and other related diffusion indices by implementing a model in which the MRI signal within a voxel is assumed to come from two distinct sources: a tissue compartment and a free water compartment. A two-part algorithm is proposed to rapidly fit a set of diffusion-weighted MRI volumes containing both linear- and spherical-tensor encoding acquisitions to the model. Simulations andin vivoacquisitions with four healthy volunteers indicated that the FWE method may be a feasible technique for measuring microscopic fractional anisotropy and other indices with greater specificity to neural tissue characteristics than conventional methods.
Tissue-specific enhancer-gene maps from multimodal single-cell data identify causal disease alleles
Authors: Sakaue Saori , Weinand Kathryn , Isaac Shakson , Dey Kushal K. , Jagadeesh Karthik , Kanai Masahiro , Watts Gerald F. M. , Zhu Zhu ,   Accelerating Medicines Partnership® RA/SLE Program and Network, Brenner Michael B. , McDavid Andrew , Donlin Laura T. , Wei Kevin , Price Alkes L. , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTranslating genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci into causal variants and genes requires accurate cell-type-specific enhancer-gene maps from disease-relevant tissues. Building enhancer-gene maps is essential but challenging with current experimental methods in primary human tissues. We developed a new non-parametric statistical method, SCENT (Single-Cell ENhancer Target gene mapping) which models association between enhancer chromatin accessibility and gene expression in single-cell multimodal RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data. We applied SCENT to 9 multimodal datasets including > 120,000 single cells and created 23 cell-type-specific enhancer-gene maps. These maps were highly enriched for causal variants in eQTLs and GWAS for 1,143 diseases and traits. We identified likely causal genes for both common and rare diseases. In addition, we were able to link somatic mutation hotspots to target genes. We demonstrate that application of SCENT to multimodal data from disease-relevant human tissue enables the scalable construction of accurate cell-type-specific enhancer-gene maps, essential for defining non-coding variant function.
inMTSCCA: An Integrated Multi-task Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis for Multi-omics Brain Imaging Genetics
Authors: Du Lei , Zhang Jin , Zhao Ying , Shang Muheng , Guo Lei , Han Junwei ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

AbstractIdentifying genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an important research topic. To date, different endophenotypes such as imaging-derived endophenotypes and proteomic expression-derived endophenotypes have shown the great value in uncovering risk genes compared to case-control studies. Biologically, a co-varying pattern of these different omics derived endophenotypes could result from the shared genetic basis. However, existing methods mainly focus on the effect of endophenotypes, and that of cross-endophenotype associations remains largely unexploited. In this paper, we used both endophenotypes and their cross-associations of multi-omics to identify genetic risk factors, and proposed two integrated multi-task sparse canonical correlation analysis (MTSCCA) methods, i.e., pairwise endophenotype correlation guided MTSCCA (pcMTSCCA) and high-order endophenotype correlation guided MTSCCA (hocMTSCCA).pcMTSCCA employed pairwise correlations between MRI-derived, plasma-derived, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) derived endophenotypes as an additional penalty.hocMTSCCA used high-order correlations among these multi-omics for regularization. To figure out genetic risk factors at individual and group levels, as well as altered endophenotypic markers, we introduced sparsity-inducing penalties in both models. We comparedpcMTSCCA andhocMTSCCA with three related methods on both simulation data and real neuroimaging, proteomic analytes, and genetic data. The results showed that our methods obtained better or comparable canonical correlation coefficients (CCCs) and feature subsets than benchmarks. Most importantly, the identified genetic loci and heterogeneous endophenotypic markers showed high relevance. Therefore, jointly using multi-omics endophenotypes and their cross-endophenotype associations are promising to reveal genetic risk factors, and both methods are qualified for this complicated task. The source code and manual of inMTSCCA is available at:https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007330.