bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variants within NOGGIN, COL1A1, COL5A1, and IGF2 are Associated with Musculoskeletal Injuries in Elite Male Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jacob Ysabel , Anderton Ryan S. , Cochrane Wilkie Jodie L. , Rogalski Brent , Laws Simon M. , Jones Anthony , Spiteri Tania , Hince Dana , Hart Nicolas H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Australian Football is a dynamic team sport that requires many athletic traits to succeed. Due to this combination of traits, as well as technical skill and physicality, there are many types of injuries that could occur. Injuries are not only a hindrance to the individual player, but to the team as a whole. Many strength and conditioning personnel strive to minimise injuries to players to accomplish team success.

Purpose
To investigate whether selected polymorphisms have an association with injury occurrence in elite male Australian Football players.

Methods
Using DNA obtained from 46 elite male players, we investigated the associations of injury-related polymorphisms across multiple genes (ACTN3, CCL2, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, EMILIN1, IGF2, NOGGIN, SMAD6) with injury incidence, severity, type (contact and non-contact), and tissue (muscle, bone, tendon, ligament) over 7 years in one Australian Football League team.

Results
A significant association was observed between the rs1372857 variant in NOGGIN (p = 0.023) and the number of total muscle injuries, with carriers of the GG genotype having a higher estimated number of injuries, and moderate, or combined moderate and high severity rated total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 rs12722TT genotype also had a significant association (p = 0.028) with the number of total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 variant also had a significant association with contact bone injuries (p = 0.030), with a significant association being found with moderate rated injuries. The IGF2 rs3213221-CC variant was significantly associated with a higher estimated number of contact tendon injuries per game (p = 0.028), while a higher estimated number of total ligament (p = 0.019) and non-contact ligament (p = 0.002) injuries per game were significantly associated with carriage of the COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotype.

Conclusions
Our preliminary study is the first to examine associations between genetic variants and injury in Australian Football. NOGGIN rs1372857-GG, COL5A1 rs12722-TT, IGF2 rs3213221-CC, and COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotypes held various associations with muscle-, bone-, tendon- and ligament-related injuries of differing severities. To further increase our understanding of these, and other, genetic variant associations with injury, competition-wide AFL studies that use more players and a larger array of gene candidates is essential.
Ultrasound parameters associated with stroke in patients with moyamoya disease: a logistic regression analysis
Authors: Zheng Shuai , Wang Fumin , Cheng Linggang , Li Rui , Zhang Dong , He Wen , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Moyamoya disease can lead to stroke with devastating consequences, it is necessary to find a non-invasive and effective approach to identify the occurrence of stroke. In this study, we aim to analyze the association between ultrasound parameters and ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere stroke in patients with moyamoya disease by logistic regression analysis.

Methods
In this retrospective case–control study, 88 patients with MMD (153 cerebral hemispheres) hospitalized in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed. According to the occurrence of stroke, the 153 cerebral hemispheres were divided into a stroke group and a non-stroke group. Clinical data and ultrasound parameters of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery, superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery, and posterior cerebral artery were recorded. The ultrasound parameters were divided into four groups according to interquartile range, and then they were compared between the stroke group and the non-stroke group. Those with significant differences were scored by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
There were 75 cerebral hemispheres (49.0%) in the stroke group and 78 cerebral hemispheres (51.0%) in the non-stroke group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the internal diameter of the internal carotid artery, peak systolic velocity of the internal carotid artery and peak systolic velocity of the posterior cerebral artery were independently correlated factors for stroke in patients with MMD. The fourth quartile group of the above three ultrasound parameters was taken as the reference group, and the odds ratio of the first quartile group were 11.679 (95% CI 2.918–46.749, P = 0.001), 19.594 (95% CI 4.973–77.193, P < 0.001), and 11.657 (95% CI 3.221–42.186, P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion
Ultrasound parameters are independently correlated with ipsilateral cerebral stroke in patients with MMD. Ultrasound provides a new way to identify stroke in MMD patients. Future prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the clinical value of ultrasound in identifying patients with MMD at high risk of stroke.
Review on the structural understanding of the 10S myosin II in the era of Cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Bharda Anahita Vispi , Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe compact smooth muscle 10S myosin II is a type of a monomer with folded tail and the heads bending back to interact with each other. This inactivated form is associated with regulatory and enzymatic activities affecting myosin processivity with actin filaments as well as ATPase activity. Phosphorylation by RLC can however, shuttle myosin from the inhibited 10S state to an activated 6S state, dictating the equilibrium. Multiple studies contributed by TEM have provided insights in the structural understanding of the 10S form. However, it is only recently that the true potential of Cryo-EM in deciphering the intramolecular interactions of 10S myosin state has been realized. This has led to an influx of new revelations on the 10S inactivation, unfolding mechanism and association in various diseases. This study reviews the gradual development in the structural interpretation of 10S species from TEM to Cryo-EM era. Furthermore, we discuss the utility of Cryo-EM in future myosin 10S studies and its contribution to human health.
PAR3 restricts the expansion of neural precursor cells by regulating hedgehog signaling
Authors: Hirose Tomonori , Sugitani Yoshinobu , Kurihara Hidetake , Kazama Hiromi , Kusaka Chiho , Noda Tetsuo , Takahashi Hidehisa , Ohno Shigeo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTDuring brain development, neural precursor cells (NPCs) expand initially, and then switch to generating stage-specific neurons while maintaining self-renewal ability. Because the NPC pool at the onset of neurogenesis crucially affects the final number of each type of neuron, tight regulation is necessary for the transitional timing from the expansion to the neurogenic phase in these cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition are poorly understood. Here, we report that the telencephalon-specific loss of PAR3 before the start of neurogenesis leads to increased NPC proliferation at the expense of neurogenesis, resulting in disorganized tissue architecture. These NPCs demonstrate hyperactivation of hedgehog signaling in a smoothened-dependent manner, as well as defects in primary cilia. Furthermore, loss of PAR3 enhanced ligand-independent ciliary accumulation of smoothened and an inhibitor of smoothened ameliorated the hyperproliferation of NPCs in the telencephalon. Thus, these findings support the idea that PAR3 has a crucial role in the transition of NPCs from the expansion phase to the neurogenic phase by restricting hedgehog signaling through the establishment of ciliary integrity.
MCC is a centrosomal protein that relocalizes to non-centrosomal apical sites during intestinal cell differentiation
Authors: Tomaz Lucian B. , Liu Bernard A. , Meroshini M  , Ong Sheena L. M. , Tan Ee Kim , Tolwinski Nicholas S. , Williams Christopher S. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Leushacke Marc , Dunn N. Ray 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The gene mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) encodes a coiled-coil protein implicated, as its name suggests, in the pathogenesis of hereditary human colon cancer. To date, however, the contributions of MCC to intestinal homeostasis and disease remain unclear. Here, we examine the subcellular localization of MCC, both at the mRNA and protein levels, in the adult intestinal epithelium. Our findings reveal that Mcc transcripts are restricted to proliferating crypt cells, including Lgr5+ stem cells, where the Mcc protein is distinctly associated with the centrosome. Upon intestinal cellular differentiation, Mcc is redeployed to the apical domain of polarized villus cells where non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (ncMTOCs) are positioned. Using intestinal organoids, we show that the shuttling of the Mcc protein depends on phosphorylation by casein kinases 1δ and ε, which are critical modulators of WNT signaling. Together, our findings support a role for MCC in establishing and maintaining the cellular architecture of the intestinal epithelium as a component of both the centrosome and ncMTOC.
Level of biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus isolates is critical for resistance against most but not all antimicrobial drugs
Authors: Din Salah-ud- , Awan Asad Bashir , Arshad Muhammad Mohsin , Haque Abdul 
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective: Staphylococcal biofilms cause a wide range of acute and chronic infections, both in hospital and community settings across the world. This study explores biofilm forming propensity among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Faisalabad, Pakistan and their association with antimicrobial drug resistance.
Methods: The study was conducted during July to December 2020. The biofilm forming ability of S. aureus isolates was assessed by crystal violet staining in 96 well plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method against ten antimicrobials representing whole spectrum of antimicrobial drugs.
Results: All the isolates (n=22) produced biofilm; 14 (63.6%) were strong, and 8 (36.4%) moderate biofilm producers. Comparative data were obtained for moderate and strong biofilm producers. Increased biofilm production did not affect azithromycin, clindamycin and mupirocin. However, stronger biofilm production significantly increased resistant isolates in case of augmentin (23.2%), cefoxitin (17.9%), levofloxacin (26.8%), tetracycline (23.2%), vancomycin (14.3%) and trimethoprim (21.4%).
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the ability to produce large amount of biofilm is an important factor, and S. aureus isolates with this ability, do not require acquisition of drug resistance genes from other bacteria. Our study also provides a guideline for selection of antimicrobials which are not adversely affected by level of biofilm production by various strains of S. aureus.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6276
How to cite this:Salah-ud-din, Awan AB, Arshad MM, Haque A. Level of biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus isolates is critical for resistance against most but not all antimicrobial drugs. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6276
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in a tertiary care center
Authors: Kumar M Naveen , Bhat Sevitha , Bhat K Archana , Saralaya Vishwas , Shenoy Mulki Shalini 
Published: October 2022

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most prevalent bacterial infection in humans. The uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) expresses a range of virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity. The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated UTI is increasing. This study monitors the distribution of virulence factors among UPEC strains to note the antibiogram, outcome and type of associated UTI. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional time-bound study of six months was done on clinically significant urinary isolates of Escherichia coli. Detection of haemolysin production and serum resistance was done by phenotypic methods. Genotypic characterization of the virulence genes (papC, iutA, hlyA, cnf1) was done by multiplex PCR. Demographic data, clinical history, antibiogram and type of UTI was collected from clinical case records. Results:75 E.coli isolates from patients with suspected UTIs were included. Females had a higher preponderance of UTI (66.7%). 93% of patients were adults and the remaining 7% were from paediatrics. 24 (32%) isolates showed haemolysis by plate haemolysis and all isolates were serum-resistant. Out of 75 isolates, 65 were positive for at least one of four targeted genes, while remaining ten isolates were negative for all four genes. Multidrug resistance was found in 40 (53.3%) isolates. 97.4% of the UTI cases had a favourable clinical outcome at discharge. Mortality due to urosepsis was 2.6%. Conclusion: Association of hemolysin production with resistance to imipenem and norfloxacin in UPEC strains was significant. Presence of hlyA gene is positively associated with ceftazidime resistance. Nitrofurantoin, piperacillin, tazobactam, and cefaperazone sulbactam are possible candidates for empirical therapy of UTIs. Drugs like aminoglycosides, carbapenems and fosfomycin may be used as reserve drugs in the treatment of MDR-UTI. However, inappropriate usage can increase antibiotic resistance. Hence proper selection of antibiotics in hospitals taking into account the local antibiogram is needed to reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Shrinking Factor Dimension: A Reduced-Rank Approach
Authors: He Ai , Huang Dashan , Li Jiaen , Zhou Guofu 
Published: October 2022

We provide a reduced-rank approach (RRA) to extract a few factors from a large set of factor proxies and apply the extracted factors to model the cross-section of expected stock returns. Empirically, we find that the RRA five-factor model outperforms the well-known Fama–French five-factor model as well as the corresponding principal component analysis, partial least squares, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models for pricing portfolios. However, at the stock level, our RRA factor model still has large pricing errors even after adding more factors, suggesting that the representative factor proxies of our study do not have sufficient information for pricing individual stocks. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: D. Huang acknowledges that this study was partially funded at the Singapore Management University through a research [Grant MSS20B016] from the Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4563 .
The Value of Response Time Information in Supply Chain Bargaining
Authors: Chen Fadong , Zhao Yingshuai , Thonemann Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

Problem definition: We analyzed the value of response time information in supply chain bargaining and how the transparency of response times affects bargaining dynamics and outcomes. Academic/practical relevance: The research on supply chain bargaining has focused on agents’ choices, whereas the value of process data, such as response times, has received limited attention. The process data underlying a decision can contain valuable information about the agents’ preference. Methodology: We conducted two laboratory experiments with multiround bargaining between a supplier and a retailer, where the supplier had private information about production costs. The retailer proposed wholesale prices to the supplier, and the supplier decided whether to reject or accept them. The experiments were composed of treatments with response time information (RT-Treatments) and those without response time information (noRT-Treatments). Suppliers’ response times were transparent to retailers in the RT-Treatment but were not transparent to those in the noRT-Treatment. Results: We found that suppliers’ response times could indicate their preference strengths regarding retailers’ proposals. In the RT-Treatment, retailers could use suppliers’ response times to their advantage. Compared with those in the noRT-Treatment, retailers in the RT-Treatment made lower initial proposals. The final wholesale prices in agreements were also lower in this treatment, resulting in higher average retailer and channel profits but lower supplier profits. Managerial implications: We demonstrated that response time information in supply chain bargaining revealed bargainers’ preferences and affected bargaining dynamics and outcomes. Bargainers could use their partners’ response times to improve their bargaining outcomes. Funding: F. Chen gratefully acknowledges support from the Ministry of Science and Technology [Grant 2021ZD0200409] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71803174 and 72173113]. Y. Zhao and U. Thonemann gratefully acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant TH 1425/2-1]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1138 .
Lost in space: Orthodontic Space Analysis. Part 2
Authors: Wallis Colin , Atack NE , Ireland AJ 
Published: October 2022

Orthodontic diagnosis is complex and multifactorial, and an initial space analysis informing a decision whether or not to extract teeth, is consistently highlighted as the most significant diagnostic factor, with other clinical factors being secondary. Although most clinicians are taught a method of space analysis, few subsequently place their confidence in any formal method and furthermore may not consider the space implications of the curve of Spee. A survey of orthodontists revealed a surprising variability in the assessment of crowding, as well as a tendency to make a different diagnostic decision on the same case sometime later. This two-part series explores the current status of space analysis and suggests how we may be able to limit the potential for making poor extraction decisions. Part 1 explored the various factors that need to be considered in an orthodontic space analysis, and in particular, the space implications of the curve of Spee. Part 2 examines the various methods and tools available to the clinician in assessing orthodontic crowding. We also look at ways in which potentially poor extraction decisions may be mitigated in clinical practice. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To help understand the clinical significance of space analysis as the key diagnostic factor informing a decision whether to extract teeth or not.
Sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of knowledge regarding mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis among population of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ramesh , Acharya Devaraj , Wagle Aakriti 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
The majority of the districts of Nepal (63 out of 77) were detected as prevalent of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), with an average prevalence of 13 percent ranging from less than one to 39 percent in Nepal. Despite people’s ignorance about the LF, the government has a target to eliminate LF by 2020. The study aimed to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of the mode of transmission of LF.

Materials and methods
The study used a cross-sectional design. Secondary data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 were analysed. Altogether, 11040 participants participated in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics were the independent variables, whereas household heads’ knowledge of LF transmission was the dependent variable. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of the mode of transmission.

Results
Findings showed that only 28 percent of household-heads correctly identified the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis in the study. Household head’s age, sex, wealth status, place of residence in terms of areas, geo-belt and province, migration history, and household assets such as bed nets, Radio, TV were significantly associated with the knowledge of the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis. Variables: wealth status, sex, residence, eco-belts, possessing bed nets, and Radio appeared as significant predictors for knowledge of the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis. The richest to the poorest people had lower odds ranging from 0.22 to 0.53 for knowing the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis compared to the richest people (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The study identified the population groups with a low level of knowledge of modes of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis. Thus, it can be inferred from the study that relevant programs need to focus on women, people residing in the mountains and Terai, and those belonging to the middle and poor wealth index. The study also emphasizes that information, education, and communication materials can effectively impart knowledge of Lymphatic Filariasis.
Identification of risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in general surgery patients in a low-middle income country
Authors: Morris Katelyn , Weston Kylie , Davy Alyssa , Silva Susan , Goode Victoria , Pereira Katherine , Brysiewicz Petra , Bruce John , Clarke Damian 
Published: October 2022

Background
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are an important cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Although risk factors for PPCs have been identified in high-income countries, less is known about PPCs and their risk factors in low- and middle-income countries, such as South Africa. This study examined the incidence of PPCs and their associated risk factors among general surgery patients in a public hospital in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to inform future quality improvement initiatives to decrease PPCs in this clinical population.

Methods
A retrospective secondary analysis of adult patients with general surgery admissions from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017 was conducted using data from the health system’s Hybrid Electronic Medical Registry. The sample was comprised of 5352 general surgery hospitalizations. PPCs included pneumonia, atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, prolonged ventilation, hemothorax, pneumothorax, and other respiratory morbidity which encompassed empyema, aspiration, pleural effusion, bronchopleural fistula, and lower respiratory tract infection. Risk factors examined were age, tobacco use, number and type of pre-existing comorbidities, emergency surgery, and number and type of surgeries. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to identify risk factors for developing a PPC.

Results
The PPC rate was 7.8%. Of the 418 hospitalizations in which a patient developed a PPC, the most common type of PPC was pneumonia (52.4%) and the mortality rate related to the PPC was 11.7%. Significant risk factors for a PPC were increasing age, greater number of comorbidities, emergency surgery, greater number of general surgeries, and abdominal surgery.

Conclusions
PPCs are common in general surgery patients in low- and middle-income countries, with similar rates observed in high-income countries. These complications worsen patient outcomes and increase mortality. Quality improvement initiatives that employ resource-conscious methods are needed to reduce PPCs in low- and middle-income countries.