bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Profiles in Patients With Persisting Cognitive Symptoms Associated With COVID-19
Authors: Krishnan Kamini , Miller Ashley K , Reiter Katherine , Bonner-Jackson Aaron 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
A subset of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to develop persisting cognitive and medical symptoms. Research in the acute stages of illness, generally utilizing cognitive screening measures or case reports, suggests presence of deficits in attention and executive function. This observational study investigated cognitive functioning among individuals with persistent cognitive complaints about 5.5 months after COVID-19 infection.

Methods
Patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 and persistent cognitive complaints underwent comprehensive in-person neuropsychological evaluations. Patients with prior neurological disorders were excluded. When diagnosed, 40% required hospitalization, 15% were in an intensive care unit, 10% needed mechanical ventilation, and 10% experienced delirium.

Results
This sample was predominately women (90%), White non-Hispanic (70%), with average education of 15 years. Mild cognitive deficits were seen on tests involving attention and processing speed or executive function. Seventy percent of patients were diagnosed with a mood disorder prior to COVID-19 infection. At the time of testing, 35%–40% endorsed moderate to severe mood symptoms and 85% noted significant fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale.

Conclusions
The pattern of cognitive deficits, although mild, is consistent with prior research at the acute stage of the illness. These findings suggest that psychological factors and other persisting symptoms (e.g., sleep, fatigue) may play a significant role in subjective cognitive complaints in patients with persisting complaints post COVID-19 who did not require intensive treatment. These patients would likely benefit from resources to manage persisting or new mood symptoms and compensatory strategies for the cognitive inefficiencies they experience.
Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years as a predictor of late distant recurrence in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shrestha Amber , Cullinane Carolyn , Evoy Denis , Geraghty James , Rothwell Jane , Walshe Janice , McCartan Damien , McDermott Enda , Prichard Ruth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) integrates four clinicopathological variables to estimate the residual disease recurrence risk in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients who have been treated with five years of adjuvant endocrine therapy. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the CTS5.

Methods
A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies relevant for inclusion in the current review were identified from The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Ovid, PubMed, and Embase.

Results
Six papers reported on 30 354 postmenopausal patients (age range 42 to 91 years). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of distant recurrence relative to the low-risk CTS5 category was 5.41 (95% c.i. 4.50 to 6.51; P &lt; 0.05) for the high-risk CTS5 category and 2.32 (95% c.i. 1.90–2.84; P &lt; 0.05) for the intermediate CTS5 category. Three papers reported on 10 425 premenopausal patients (age range 18 to 54 years). The pooled HR of distant recurrence relative to the low-risk CTS5 category was 5.42 (95% c.i. 2.26 to 13.01; P &lt; 0.05) for the high-risk CTS5 category and 2.82 (95% c.i. 1.35 to 5.88; P &lt; 0.05) for the intermediate CTS5 category. Relative to high-risk postmenopausal patients, the mean observed 10-year distant recurrence risk for the high CTS5 category was 13.83 per cent, which differs significantly from the CTS5 estimation of 10-year distant recurrence risk (20.3 per cent, 95% c.i. 17.2 to 24; P = 0.000).

Conclusion
The CTS5 can predict late distant recurrence risk in pre- and postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. CTS5 overestimates the risk for high-risk patients and thus, its use in these patients warrants caution.
Unique roles for the anterior and posterior retrosplenial cortices in encoding and retrieval of memory for context
Authors: Trask Sydney , Helmstetter Fred J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The rat retrosplenial cortex (RSC) makes critical contributions to learning and memory but these contributions may not be uniform along its rostro-caudal axis. Previous work suggests that event-related and context-related information are differentially encoded by anterior and posterior RSC subregions. Here, we further test this idea using a procedure in which spatial/environmental cues (context) and discrete event memories are acquired separately. All animals received a 5-min pre-exposure to the training context 24 h before contextual fear conditioning where shock was delivered immediately upon being placed in the chamber. Rats were tested for memory for the context the next day. We found that optogenetic inhibition of cells in only the posterior RSC during the pre-exposure phase, when spatial information is encoded, reduced behavioral responding during the subsequent memory test. However, similar inhibition of either the anterior or posterior RSC during shock delivery, when information about both the context and the shock become integrated, impaired memory. Finally, inhibiting cellular activity in only the posterior RSC during memory retrieval during testing reduced responding. Together, these results suggest that while activity in both subregions is needed during the period in which the event-related information becomes integrated with the context representation, the posterior RSC is important for both memory formation and retrieval or expression of memory for information about the context. These results add to a growing literature demonstrating a role for the RSC in integration of multiple aspects of memory, and provide information on how spatial representations reliant on the retrosplenial cortex interact with associative learning.
Smooth muscle mineralocorticoid receptor as an epigenetic regulator of vascular ageing
Authors: Ibarrola Jaime , Kim Seung Kyum , Lu Qing , DuPont Jennifer J , Creech Amanda , Sun Zhe , Hill Michael A , Jaffe Jacob D , Jaffe Iris Z 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsVascular stiffness increases with age and independently predicts cardiovascular disease risk. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications, accumulate with age but the global pattern has not been elucidated nor are the regulators known. Smooth muscle cell-mineralocorticoid receptor (SMC-MR) contributes to vascular stiffness in ageing mice. Thus, we investigated the regulatory role of SMC-MR in vascular epigenetics and stiffness.Methods and resultsMass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of all histone modifications completely distinguished 3 from 12-month-old mouse aortas. Histone-H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methylation (me) significantly decreased in ageing vessels and this was attenuated in SMC-MR-KO littermates. Immunoblotting revealed less H3K27-specific methyltransferase EZH2 with age in MR-intact but not SMC-MR-KO vessels. These ageing changes were examined in primary human aortic (HA)SMC from adult vs. aged donors. MR, H3K27 acetylation (ac), and stiffness gene (connective tissue growth factor, integrin-α5) expression significantly increased, while H3K27me and EZH2 decreased, with age. MR inhibition reversed these ageing changes in HASMC and the decline in stiffness genes was prevented by EZH2 blockade. Atomic force microscopy revealed that MR antagonism decreased intrinsic stiffness and the probability of fibronectin adhesion of aged HASMC. Conversely, ageing induction in young HASMC with H2O2; increased MR, decreased EZH2, enriched H3K27ac and MR at stiffness gene promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and increased stiffness gene expression. In 12-month-old mice, MR antagonism increased aortic EZH2 and H3K27 methylation, increased EZH2 recruitment and decreased H3K27ac at stiffness genes promoters, and prevented ageing-induced vascular stiffness and fibrosis. Finally, in human aortic tissue, age positively correlated with MR and stiffness gene expression and negatively correlated with H3K27me3 while MR and EZH2 are negatively correlated.ConclusionThese data support a novel vascular ageing model with rising MR in human SMC suppressing EZH2 expression thereby decreasing H3K27me, promoting MR recruitment and H3K27ac at stiffness gene promoters to induce vascular stiffness and suggests new targets for ameliorating ageing-associated vascular disease.
ECCO Position on Harmonisation of Crohn’s Disease Mucosal Histopathology
Authors: Magro F , Sabino J , Rosini F , Tripathi M , Borralho P , Baldin P , Danese S , Driessen A , Gordon I O , Iacucci M , Noor N , Svrcek M , Peyrin-Biroulet L , Feakins R 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], mucosal healing is a major therapeutic target and a reliable predictor of clinical course. However, endoscopic mucosal healing is not synonymous with histological healing, and the additional benefits of including histological remission as a target are unclear. In Crohn´s disease [CD], there are few studies highlighting the value of histological remission as a therapeutic target. Histological activity can persist in CD patients who are in endoscopic remission, and the absence of histological activity may be associated with lower relapse rates. Therefore, standardisation of procedures to evaluate CD histological activity is desirable. Topics that would benefit from standardisation and harmonisation include biopsy procedures, biopsy processing techniques, the content of histological scores, and the definitions of histological remission, histological response, and histological activity. In line with these needs, the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] assembled a consensus group with the objective of developing position statements on CD histology based on published evidence and expert consensus. There was agreement that definitions of histological remission should include absence of erosion, ulceration, and mucosal neutrophils; that the absence of neutrophilic inflammation is an appropriate histological target in CD; that CD histological scores, such as the Global Histological Disease Activity Score, lack formal validation; and that histological scoring systems for ulcerative colitis, including the Geboes Score, Robarts Histopathology Index, and Nancy Histological Index, can be used for scoring intestinal biopsies in CD patients.
Role of anatomical regurgitant orifice area and right ventricular contractile reserve in severe tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Utsunomiya Hiroto , Izumi Kanako , Tsuchiya Akane , Mogami Atsuo , Takahari Kosuke , Takemoto Hajime , Ramandika Erasta , Ueda Yusuke , Itakura Kiho , Nakano Yukiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
We sought to propose a novel risk stratification system for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) using 3D-anatomical regurgitant orifice area (3D-AROA) and the slope of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion vs. systolic pulmonary artery pressure (TAPSE/SPAP) and to validate its prognostic significance.

Methods and results
Sixty-four patients with severe functional TR (52% torrential) underwent 3D echocardiography and exercise–stress echocardiography. As an estimate of regurgitation severity, 3D-AROA was measured with the customized software package. As an index of right ventricular (RV) contractile reserve, the TAPSE/SPAP slope was calculated by plotting the relationship between TAPSE and SPAP during exercise test. Haemodynamic parameters were obtained by right heart catheterization (RHC). Based on receiver operating characteristics curves, optimal cut-off values of 3D-AROA and TAPSE/SPAP slope to identify all-cause mortality were 161 mm2 and 0.046 mm/mmHg, respectively. During a median follow-up of 559 days, 20 patients (31%) died. After correcting for potential confounders, 3DAROA≥ 161 mm2 (HR 4.37; 95% CI 1.34–14.07; P = 0.015) and TAPSE/SPAP slope≤0.046 mm/mmHg (HR 4.76; 95% CI 1.46–15.53; P = 0.009) were echocardiographic parameters independently associated with all-cause mortality. The cumulative survival rate was lower in patients with 3D-AROA≥161 mm2 and TAPSE/SPAP slope≤0.046 mm/mmHg compared with their counterparts (both P&lt;0.05). RHC confirmed higher right atrial pressure (P&lt;0.001) and lower cardiac index (P = 0.004) in patients with both 3D-AROA≥161 mm2 and TAPSE/SPAP slope ≤0.046 mm/mmHg.

Conclusion
Large AROA and reduced RV contractile reserve during exercise are independently associated with poor prognosis. The new grading scheme of severe TR was validated by haemodynamics and may improve risk stratification.
Natural History of Incident and Persistent Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus and Human Polyomavirus Infections
Authors: Amorrortu Rossybelle P , Zhao Yayi , Fenske Neil A , Cherpelis Basil S , Messina Jane L , Giuliano Anna R , Sondak Vernon K , Schell Michael J , Mckay-Chopin Sandrine , Gheit Tarik , Waterboer Tim , Tommasino Massimo , Rollison Dana E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (cuHPV) and polyomaviruses (HPyV) have been implicated in skin cancers; however, interpretation of findings across studies is complicated by limited understanding of the natural history of these infections across normal tissue types.

Methods
In total, 675 eyebrow hair (EBH) and skin swab (SSW) samples were collected from 71 skin cancer screening patients every 6 months over 2 years and measured for presence of β-HPV, γ-HPV, and HPyV. Incidence, persistence, and clearance of cuHPV/HPyV were estimated, and risk factors associated with infection were examined.

Results
Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of β-HPV, γ-HPV, and HPyV were consistently higher in SSW than in EBH, with types 5, 24, 49, 76 and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) having incidence rates greater than 20 per 1000 person-months. Prevalent γ-HPV EBH infections persisted more often in women (P = .024), incident β-HPV EBH infections persisted less often among individuals with history of blistering sunburn (P = .019), and prevalent MCPyV SSW infections persisted more often in those with a history of skin cancer (P = .033).

Conclusions
Incidence and persistence of cuHPV/HPyV were observed in SSW and EBH; however, none of the risk factors examined were commonly associated with cuHPV/HPyV infections across normal tissue types.
Quantifying the Disaggregated Impact of Atrocities on Socioeconomic Activity
Authors: Koren Ore 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Our understanding of cruelty's impact on global human security and socioeconomic outcomes is still limited, especially with regard to how these effects unfold at the local, as opposed to the country, level. In this study, I first review literature on the impact of conflict, and violence against civilians specifically, on economic and political development globally, explicating potential adverse impacts, and highlighting the possibility of such violence increasing resilience in the long term. I then identify and discuss pathways linking political violence with lower socioeconomic activity locally. I hypothesize that violence disturbs socioeconomic activity in multiple ways, including by hurting businesses and laborers, scaring away tourists, and decreasing local investment, while additionally arguing that if no new atrocities happen, any impacts generated by these pathways will be relatively short term. Empirically, to operationalize local socioeconomic activity, I rely on nighttime light emissions; to operationalize atrocities, I rely on data from the Worldwide Atrocity Dataset, which measures all events that resulted with at least five civilian deaths by location. To test my expectations, I estimate both ordinary least squares and generalized methods of moments (GMM) models on a grid—(0.5 × 0.5-degree resolution) year level sample for the years 1997–2013. I find that, on average, an additional atrocity event corresponds to a decrease of 3–10 percent in local development levels the following year, compared with the baseline, but that such impacts disappear by the fourth year after the incident. Building on these findings, I discuss in detail research and policy implications.
Investigating the origin of observed central dips in radial metallicity profiles
Authors: Easeman Bethan , Schady Patricia , Wuyts Stijn , Yates Robert M 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Radial metallicity trends provide a key indicator of physical processes such as star formation and radial gas migration within a galaxy. Large integral field unit surveys allow for detailed studies of these radial variations, with recent observations detecting central dips in the metallicity, which may trace the impact of various evolutionary processes. However, the origin of these dips has not been conclusively determined, with suggestions that they may be diagnostic dependent. In this paper, we use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey to investigate whether the observed dips represent genuine decreases in the central metallicity, or whether they could be an artefact of the diagnostic used. Using a sub-sample of 758 local star-forming galaxies at low inclinations, we investigate in detail the impact of using different strong line diagnostics on the shapes of the returned profiles, and the prevalence of dips. We find no clear evidence of the dips being caused by changing values of the ionization parameter within galaxies. To investigate physical causes, we explore both global and spatially resolved parameters, finding that galaxies exhibiting central dips in the O3N2 metallicity profile have on average lower H α equivalent width values out to $R/R_{\rm {e}} \sim 1.5$, and higher values of DN(4000) in the central regions. We additionally find a higher prevalence of dips in galaxies with high stellar mass, and lower values of global specific star formation rate, suggesting a possible link to central quenching. Nevertheless, these results are dependent on the diagnostic used, suggesting caution should be taken when interpreting observed features in galaxy metallicity gradients.
AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: measurement of the halo bias and power spectrum normalization from a stacked weak lensing analysis
Authors: Ingoglia Lorenzo , Covone Giovanni , Sereno Mauro , Giocoli Carlo , Bardelli Sandro , Bellagamba Fabio , Castignani Gianluca , Farrens Samuel , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Joudaki Shahab , Jullo Eric , Lanzieri Denise , Lesci Giorgio F , Marulli Federico , Maturi Matteo , Moscardini Lauro , Nanni Lorenza , Puddu Emanuela , Radovich Mario , Roncarelli Mauro , Sapio Feliciana , Schimd Carlo 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters are biased tracers of the underlying matter density field. At very large radii beyond about 10 Mpc h−1, the shear profile shows evidence of a second-halo term. This is related to the correlated matter distribution around galaxy clusters and proportional to the so-called halo bias. We present an observational analysis of the halo bias–mass relation based on the AMICO galaxy cluster catalogue, comprising around 7000 candidates detected in the third release of the KiDS survey. We split the cluster sample into 14 redshift-richness bins and derive the halo bias and the virial mass in each bin by means of a stacked weak lensing analysis. The observed halo bias–mass relation and the theoretical predictions based on the Lambda cold dark matter standard cosmological model show an agreement within 2σ. The mean measurements of bias and mass over the full catalogue give $M_{200c} = (4.9 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{13}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }/{\it h}$ and $b_h \sigma _8^2 = 1.2 \pm 0.1$. With the additional prior of a bias–mass relation from numerical simulations, we constrain the normalization of the power spectrum with a fixed matter density Ωm = 0.3, finding σ8 = 0.63 ± 0.10.
Photometric study of the supersoft X-ray source V Sge based on TESS data
Authors: Zang Lei , Qian Shengbang , Zhu Liying , Liu Liang 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
V Sge is a unique eclipsing cataclysmic binary and a recognized supersoft X-ray source (SSS). By collecting available data on eclipse timings of V Sge, including our observations, we compiled and obtained an O − C diagram to analyse the orbital period variations of V Sge. The O − C curve displays a downward parabolic course, which implies that the orbital period is decreasing continuously at a rate of dP/dt = −1.92(2) × 10−7 d yr−1 = −0.0166(2) s yr−1. The continuously decreasing orbital period may be mainly caused by mass transfer from the more massive secondary component during its evolution on the Kelvin–Helmholtz time-scale, as well as mass loss from the accretion disc surrounding the white dwarf. Therefore, we estimate that the mass-accretion rate is less than $2.667\times 10^{-7}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. It can be roughly estimated that V Sge might reach the Chandrasekhar limit in at least 1 Myr, then might explode as a type Ia supernova. In addition, the more continuous TESS light curves show peculiar variations, that is, there is a great difference in brightness between two adjacent orbital periods. We speculate that this may be mainly caused by the extinction effect of the uneven circumstellar matter.
Demographic History and Natural Selection Shape Patterns of Deleterious Mutation Load and Barriers to Introgression across Populus Genome
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Zhang Lei , Sang Yupeng , Lai Qiang , Zhang Xinxin , Jia Changfu , Long Zhiqin , Wu Jiali , Ma Tao , Mao Kangshan , Street Nathaniel R , Ingvarsson Pär K , Liu Jianquan , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hybridization and resulting introgression are important processes shaping the tree of life and appear to be far more common than previously thought. However, how the genome evolution was shaped by various genetic and evolutionary forces after hybridization remains unresolved. Here we used whole-genome resequencing data of 227 individuals from multiple widespread Populus species to characterize their contemporary patterns of hybridization and to quantify genomic signatures of past introgression. We observe a high frequency of contemporary hybridization and confirm that multiple previously ambiguous species are in fact F1 hybrids. Seven species were identified, which experienced different demographic histories that resulted in strikingly varied efficacy of selection and burdens of deleterious mutations. Frequent past introgression has been found to be a pervasive feature throughout the speciation of these Populus species. The retained introgressed regions, more generally, tend to contain reduced genetic load and to be located in regions of high recombination. We also find that in pairs of species with substantial differences in effective population size, introgressed regions are inferred to have undergone selective sweeps at greater than expected frequencies in the species with lower effective population size, suggesting that introgression likely have higher potential to provide beneficial variation for species with small populations. Our results, therefore, illustrate that demography and recombination have interplayed with both positive and negative selection in determining the genomic evolution after hybridization.