bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic Distribution of Otolaryngology Training Programs and Potential Opportunities for Strategic Program Growth
Authors: Smith Drew H. , Case Hannah F. , Quereshy Humzah A. , Mecham Jeffrey C. , Bowe Sarah N. , Carlson Matthew L. , Cordero Joehassin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo characterize the geographic distribution of US otolaryngology residents based on geographical population density to determine current status and identify potential opportunities for otolaryngology residency program expansion.MethodsThe locoregional population of otolaryngology residency programs was analyzed (as defined by the US Census) and the number of resident trainees per 100,000 people in each region was calculated. Otolaryngology residency program location was determined by mailing address, and program size was determined by AAMC public data.ResultsThe average metropolitan city in the United States contained 2.07 otolaryngology trainees per 100,000 people. Cities with low trainee numbers per population included Phoenix, AZ (0.20 trainees per 100,000 people); Las Vegas, NV (0.26 per 100,000); Dallas, TX (0.26 per 100,000), Atlanta, GA (0.33 per 100,000); and Miami, FL (0.34 per 100,000). Comparing otolaryngology to other surgical subspecialties demonstrated similar distributions. Metropolitan centers with a population over 1 million without full academic representation in otolaryngology were also identified and included Charlotte, NC; Orlando, FL; Austin, TX; Providence, RI; Jacksonville, FL; Raleigh, NC; and Grand Rapids, MI.ConclusionStrategic residency training program expansion should be considered in cities that exhibit a low trainee to population ratio. Although many factors ultimately determine program expansion or development of new training programs, this study provides substantiated population data describing where expansion could be prioritized.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1600–1605, 2023
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites with Enhanced Interfacial Properties Based on Electrostatic Assembled FGO / Oxidized CF
Authors: Tian Jinfeng , Sun Tong , Qiu Baowei , Zhang Xueqin , Xia Shuang , Chen Yang , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterfacial properties play a critical role in the performance of carbon fiber‐reinforced composites (CFRPs). However, poor interfacial interactions between carbon fiber (CF) and polymer matrix often limit the performance improvement of CFRPs. In the present work, ethylenediamine functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) and oxidized‐carbon fiber (oxidized‐CF) are applied to prepare CFRPs through electrostatic self‐assembly. Results of Raman, TGA, SEM, and dynamic contact angle analyses confirm that FGO nanosheets are tightly bonded onto the oxidized‐CF surface. DMA results show a small increase of Tg of the oxidized‐CF‐FGO composites, as well as a great increment of energy storage modulus (E') compared to that of the untreated CF composites, which indicates an enhancement of interfacial properties. More importantly, the interfacial shear strength shows a great improvement of 30.4%, reaching 58.7 MPa. The interfacial enhancement mechanisms are further discussed based on the microstructure and performance evaluation results.
TRAX Provides Neuroprotection for Huntington's Disease Via Modulating a Novel Subset of MicroRNAs
Authors: Weng Yu‐Ting , Chen Hui‐Mei , Chien Ting , Chiu Feng‐Lan , Kuo Hung‐Chih , Chern Yijuang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG‐repeat expansions (>36) in exon 1 of HTT, which dysregulates multiple cellular machineries. Translin‐associated protein X (TRAX) is a scaffold protein with diverse functions, including suppressing the microRNA (miRNA)‐mediated silencing by degrading pre‐miRNA. To date, the role of TRAX in neurodegenerative diseases remains unknown.ObjectivesWe delineated the role of TRAX upregulation during HD progression.MethodsExpression of TRAX in the brains of humans and three mouse models with HD were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining, western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Adeno‐associated viruses harboring TRAX short hairpin RNA were intrastriatally injected into HD mice to downregulate TRAX. HD‐like symptoms were analyzed by behavioral and biochemical assessments. The miRNA‐sequencing and RNA‐sequencing analyses were used to identify the TRAX‐ regulated miRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA) axis during HD progression. The identified gene targets were validated biochemically in mouse and human striatal cells.ResultsWe discovered that TRAX was upregulated in the brains of HD patients and three HD mouse models. Downregulation of TRAX enhanced 83 miRNAs (including miR‐330‐3p, miR‐496a‐3p) and subsequently changed the corresponding mRNA networks critical for HD pathogenesis (eg, DARPP‐32 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor). Disruption of the TRAX‐mediated miRNA‐mRNA axis accelerated the progression of HD‐like symptoms, including the degeneration of motor function, accumulation of mHTT aggregates, and shortened neurite outgrowth.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that TRAX upregulation is authentic and protective in HD. Our study provides a novel layer of regulation for HD pathogenesis and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for HD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Stereotyped Relationship Between Motor and Cognitive Metabolic Networks in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rus Tomaž , Schindlbeck Katharina A. , Tang Chris C. , Vo An , Dhawan Vijay , Trošt Maja , Eidelberg David 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) is associated with two distinct brain networks, PD‐related pattern (PDRP) and PD‐related cognitive pattern (PDCP), which correlate respectively with motor and cognitive symptoms. The relationship between the two networks in individual patients is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether a consistent relationship exists between these networks, we measured the difference between PDRP and PDCP expression, termed delta, on an individual basis in independent populations of patients with iPD (n = 356), patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavioral disorder (iRBD) (n = 21), patients with genotypic PD (gPD) carrying GBA1 variants (n = 12) or the LRRK2‐G2019S mutation (n = 14), patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes (n = 238), and healthy control subjects (n = 95) from the United States, Slovenia, India, and South Korea.MethodsWe used [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and resting‐state fMRI to quantify delta and to compare the measure across samples; changes in delta over time were likewise assessed in longitudinal patient samples. Lastly, we evaluated delta in prodromal individuals with iRBD and subjects with gPD.ResultsDelta was abnormally elevated in each of the four iPD samples (P < 0.05), as well as in the at‐risk iRBD group (P < 0.05), with increasing values over time (P < 0.001). PDRP predominance was also present in gPD, with higher values in patients with GBA1 variants compared with the less aggressive LRRK2‐G2019S mutation (P = 0.005). This trend was not observed in patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes, who were accurately discriminated from iPD based on PDRP expression and delta (area under the curve = 0.85; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPDRP predominance, quantified by delta, assays the spread of dysfunction from motor to cognitive networks in patients with PD. Delta may therefore aid in differential diagnosis and in tracking disease progression in individual patients. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
An incremental registration method for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery navigation: From phantom study to clinical trials
Authors: Li Wenjie , Fan Jingfan , Li Shaowen , Zheng Zhao , Tian Zhaorui , Ai Danni , Song Hong , Chen Xiaohong , Yang Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeSurface‐based image‐to‐patient registration in current surgical navigation is mainly achieved by a 3D scanner, which has several limitations in clinical practice such as uncontrollable scanning range, complicated operation, and even high failure rate. An accurate, robust, and easy‐to‐perform image‐to‐patient registration method is urgently required.MethodsAn incremental point cloud registration method was proposed for surface‐based image‐to‐patient registration. The point cloud in image space was extracted from the computed tomography (CT) image, and a template matching method was applied to remove the redundant points. The corresponding point cloud in patient space was incrementally collected by an optically tracked pointer, while the nearest point distance (NPD) constraint was applied to ensure the uniformity of the collected points. A coarse‐to‐fine registration method under the constraints of coverage ratio (CR) and outliers ratio (OR) was then proposed to obtain the optimal rigid transformation from image to patient space. The proposed method was integrated in the recently developed endoscopic navigation system, and phantom study and clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.ResultsThe results of the phantom study revealed that the proposed constraints greatly improved the accuracy and robustness of registration. The comparative experimental results revealed that the proposed registration method significantly outperform the scanner‐based method, and achieved comparable accuracy to the fiducial‐based method. In the clinical trials, the average registration duration was 1.24 ± 0.43 min, the target registration error (TRE) of 294 marker points (59 patients) was 1.25 ± 0.40 mm, and the lower 97.5% confidence limit of the success rate of positioning marker points exceeds the expected value (97.56% vs. 95.00%), revealed that the accuracy of the proposed method significantly met the clinical requirements (TRE ⩽ 2 mm, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe proposed method has both the advantages of high accuracy and convenience, which were absent in the scanner‐based method and the fiducial‐based method. Our findings will help improve the quality of endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery.
Cross‐cultural equivalence of parental ratings of child difficulties during the pandemic: Findings from a six‐site study
Authors: Foley Sarah , Ronchi Luca , Lecce Serena , Feng Xin , Chan Meingold H. M. , Hughes Claire 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been shown to be invariant across informants, developmental stage and settings, but tests of cross‐cultural equivalence are limited to adolescents' self‐reports. The COVID‐19 pandemic makes this gap particularly pertinent, given the need to understand whether distinct government approaches (e.g., school closures) are uniquely associated with variability in children's psychosocial outcomes and the reliance on parents' ratings for young children.MethodsWithin a Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework, we tested the cross‐cultural measurement invariance of the SDQ across six countries: Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom and USA, using a sample of 1761 parents of 3‐ to 8‐year‐olds (M = 5.76, SD = 1.09).ResultsA five‐factors model showed good fit to the data and partial cross‐cultural scalar invariance. In this sample, Swedish parents reported the fewest peer problems (Cohen's d = 0.950) and the highest prosocial scores (Cohen's d = 0.547), whilst British parents reported the greatest child emotional (Cohen's d = 0.412) and hyperactivity problems (Cohen's d = 0.535).ConclusionsThe present results indicate that the parent‐version of the SDQ is appropriate for use and comparison across different contexts during the pandemic.
Evaluating Zn‐Porphyrin‐Based Near‐IR‐Sensitive Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient Panchromatic Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Khan Muhammad Usman , Imran. Muhammad , Rehman Muhammad Fayyaz ur , Assiri Mohammed A. , Mashhadi Syed Muddassir Ali , Akram Muhammad Safwan , Lu Changrui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPorphyrin‐based non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have shown pronounced potential for assembling low‐bandgap materials with near‐infrared (NIR) characteristics. Herein, panchromatic‐type porphyrin‐based molecules (POR1–POR5) are proposed by modulating end‐capped acceptors of a highly efficient porphyrin‐based NFA PORTFIC(POR) for organic solar cells (OSCs). Quantum chemical structure‐property relationship has been studied to discover photovoltaic and optoelectronic characteristics of POR1–POR5. Results show that optoelectronic properties of the POR1–POR5 are better in all aspects when compared with the reference POR. All proposed NFAs particularly POR5 proved to be the preferable porphyrin‐based NIR sensitive NFA for OSCs applications owing to lower energy gap (1.56 eV), transition energy (1.11 eV), binding energy (Eb=0.986 eV), electron mobility (λe=0.007013Eh), hole mobility (λh=0.004686 Eh), high λmax=1116.27 nm and open‐circuit voltage (Voc=1.96 V) values in contrast to the reference POR and other proposed NFAs. This quantum chemical insight provides sufficient evidence about excellent potential of the proposed porphyrin‐based NIR sensitive NFA derivatives for their use in OSCs.
Separation methods for system‐wide profiling of protein terminome
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Zhongjie , Lu Haojie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtein N‐ and C‐termini have specific biochemical properties and functions. They play vital roles in various biological processes, such as protein stability and localization. In addition, post‐translational modifications and proteolytic processing generate different proteoforms at protein termini. In recent years, terminomics has attracted significant attention, and numerous strategies have been developed to achieve high‐throughput and global terminomics analysis. This review summarizes the recent protein N‐termini and C‐termini enrichment methods and their application in different samples. We also look ahead further application of terminomics in profiling protease substrates and discovery of disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Electrochemical activation for sensing of three‐dimensional‐printed poly(lactic acid) using low‐pressure plasma
Authors: Fontana‐Escartín Adrián , Lanzalaco Sonia , Pérez‐Madrigal Maria M. , Bertran Oscar , Alemán Carlos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrated electrochemical sensors in which plasma‐treated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) single material acts as both selective coating layer and electrochemical transductor (electrode) are prepared. Thus, three‐dimensional‐printed PLA specimens are transformed into electroresponsive material by applying a low‐pressure gas plasma treatment with three different gases: N2, O2, and air (79% N2 + 21% O2). Although all treated samples are able to electrochemically detect dopamine, the one derived from the treatment of low‐pressure O2 plasma exhibits the best performance as a sensor. Finally, cell adhesion assays demonstrate that the cell viability is higher for plasma‐treated PLA modified than for pristine PLA, making the former a promising, versatile, and powerful electroresponsive platform for diverse applications in biomedicine.
Performance and usability of a new mobile application for measuring respiratory rate in young children with acute lower respiratory infections
Authors: Spurr Rebecca , Ng Erin , Onchiri Frankline M. , Rapha Ben , Nakatumba‐Nabende Joyce , Rosenfeld Margaret , Najjingo Irene , Stout James W. , Nantanda Rebecca , Ellington Laura E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesRespiratory rate (RR) measurement is critical to diagnosing pneumonia in resource‐constrained settings, but accurate RR measurement is challenging. The acute lower respiratory illness treatment and evaluation (ALRITE) mobile phone application (app), designed to help healthcare workers (HCWs) manage pediatric respiratory illnesses, includes a semiautomated RR counter. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and usability of the ALRITE RR counter and a commercially available RR counter app, RRate, with a reference standard.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study of HCWs. Participants used both apps to measure the RR of pediatric patients from standardized videos. The reference standard was determined by consensus of a manual 1‐min count by two providers. We assessed agreement using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and constructed Bland–Altman plots to determine bias and limits of agreement. Participants completed a usability survey.ResultsThirty‐nine HCWs participated. The agreement between the apps and reference standard (Spearman's coefficient) was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.87) for ALRITE and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52–0.70) for RRate. ALRITE had a bias of −2 breaths/min (lower limit of agreement [LoA] −16 to +12) and RRate had a bias of −0.4 breaths/min (LoA −24 to +23) compared to the reference standard. Both apps had a poorer agreement at higher RRs. Based on usability survey responses, 95% found ALRITE easy to use.ConclusionsThe ALRITE RR counter has acceptable accuracy for counting RR in infants with respiratory distress, appears to be more accurate than a commercially available option, and was user‐friendly. The ALRITE RR counter is a promising tool for meriting evaluation in real‐world settings.
Seleno‐aspirin compound AS‐10 promotes histone acetylation ahead of suppressing androgen receptor transcription, G1 arrest, and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Karelia Deepkamal N. , Kim Sangyub , Plano Daniel , Sharma Arun K. , Jiang Cheng , Lu Junxuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe novel selenium‐aspirin compound AS‐10 was recently reported by us with a cancer cell killing potency three orders of magnitude greater than aspirin in pancreatic cancer cell lines with caspase‐mediated apoptosis and a reasonable selectivity against malignant cells. Although we also observed its cytocidal activity against PC‐3 and DU145 androgen receptor (AR)‐negative and P53‐null/mutant aggressive human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines in NCI‐60 screen, the potential involvement and targeting of AR and P53 pathways that are intact in early‐stage prostate carcinogenesis has not been examined, nor its primary molecular signaling after exposure.MethodsHuman LNCaP PCa cells with functional AR and intact P53 were used to examine their cell cycle and cell fate responses to AS‐10 exposure and upstream molecular signaling events including histone acetylation as a known aspirin effect. The AR‐positive 22Rv1 human PCa cells were used to validate key findings.ResultsIn addition to confirming AS‐10's superior cytocidal potency than aspirin against all four PCa cell lines, we report a rapid (within 5 min) promotion of histone acetylation several hours ahead of the suppression of AR and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA, coded by KLK3 gene) in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. AS‐10 decreased AR and KLK3 mRNA levels without impacting pre‐existing AR protein degradation or nuclear translocation in LNCaP cells. Sustained exposure to AS‐10 arrested cells predominantly in G1, and induced caspase‐mediated apoptosis without necrosis. The death induced by AS‐10 in LNCaP cells was attenuated by nontranscriptional activation of P53 protein or Jun N‐terminal Kinase cellular stress signaling and was mitigated modestly by glutathione‐boosting antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine. AS‐10 synergized with histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA to suppress AR/PSA abundance and kill LNCaP cells. RNA‐seq confirmed AR suppression at the transcriptional level and suggested multiple oncogene, cyclin, and CDK/CKI transcriptional actions to contribute to the cellular consequences.ConclusionsAS‐10 promotes histone acetylation as its probable primary mechanism of action to induce PCa cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis, regardless of AR and P53 status. Nevertheless, the inhibition of AR signaling through mechanisms distinct from canonical AR antagonists may hold promise for combinatorial use with androgen deprivation therapy regimens or AR‐axis targeting drugs.
Practical resistance to Cry toxins and efficacy of Vip3Aa in Bt cotton against Helicoverpa zea
Authors: Yang Fei , Kerns David L. , Little Nathan , Brown Sebe A. , Stewart Scott D. , Catchot Angus L. , Cook Donald R. , Gore Jeffrey , Crow Whitney D. , Lorenz Gustav M. , Towles Tyler , Tabashnik Bruce E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrops genetically engineered to make insect‐killing proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized management of some pests. However, the benefits of such transgenic crops are reduced when pests evolve resistance to Bt toxins. We evaluated resistance to Bt toxins and Bt cotton plants using laboratory bioassays and complementary field trials focusing on Helicoverpa zea, one of the most economically important pests of cotton and other crops in the United States.RESULTSThe data from 235 laboratory bioassays demonstrate resistance to Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry2Ab occurred in most of the 95 strains of H. zea derived from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas during 2016 to 2021. Complementary field data show efficacy decreased for Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac + Cry1Fa or Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab, but not Cry1Ac + Cry1Fa + Vip3Aa. Moreover, analysis of data paired by field site and year shows higher survival in bioassays was generally associated with lower efficacy of Bt cotton.CONCLUSIONSThe results confirm and extend previous evidence showing widespread practical resistance of H. zea in the United States to the Cry toxins produced by Bt cotton and corn, but not to Vip3Aa. Despite deployment in combination with Cry toxins in Bt crops, Vip3Aa effectively acts as a single toxin against H. zea larvae that are highly resistant to Cry toxins. Furthermore, Vip3Aa adoption is increasing and previous work provided an early warning of field‐evolved resistance. Thus, rigorous resistance management measures are needed to preserve the efficacy of Vip3Aa against this highly adaptable pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Poverty, affluence and homeownership among working‐age immigrants in Israel
Authors: Lewin Alisa C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAffluence, homeownership and poverty are good measures of immigrants’ long‐term integration. High income and homeownership indicate successful integration and intentions to stay in the host country, whereas poverty signals economic vulnerability, typical of immigrants who arrive with few resources. Drawing on the 2011 Immigrant Survey conducted by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, matched with 2008 census data, the study finds that immigrants arriving after age 50 achieve worse socioeconomic outcomes than do those migrating at younger ages; they are less likely to be affluent or own a home, and more likely to be poor than immigrants arriving at younger ages. The study also reveals substantial differences in poverty, affluence, and homeownership, by country of origin. Differences, by age of arrival and by country of origin, hold even when controlling for language proficiency. Examining affluence, homeownership and poverty is an innovative way to reveal group differences and policy effects on the long‐term costs of late migration. Policy implications of late migration are discussed.