bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigations of Benchmark Experiment of Sn-10 wt. %Pb Alloy Solidification Under Thermosolutal Convection
Authors: Abdelhakem Ab. , Nouri Ab. , Hachani L. , Fautrelle Y. , Zaidat K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A full three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation of solidification was carried out for a benchmark experiment on a binary Sn-10 wt. %Pb alloy. The experiment process involves a melting stage, a first holding stage at constant temperature with electromagnetic stirring, setting a mean horizontal temperature difference (second holding stage), and finally solidification stage by decreasing the temperature under a imposed horizontal temperature gradient. The numerical model is applied only to investigate the solidification stage and compared with the measured temperature fields and macrosegregation obtained from the postmortem analysis. A columnar numerical model based on a two-phase volume-averaged approach is used for the numerical simulation, accounting for thermosolutal convection and assuming perfect microscopic mixing (lever rule) in the mushy zone. It demonstrates that such a model is able to predict stratification in the solute from the liquid phase and mushy zone during the solidification. The effect of the sedimentation on macrosegregations and channel segregation or freckles which develop during the solidification stage is also predicted by the model and compared with experimental data. Emphasis is given to the main factors that have a direct effect on the development and morphology of segregated channels, namely, the remelting phenomenon, dendrite fragmentation, and the solidification front instabilities.
Load Vibration Mitigation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles With Cable Suspended Load
Authors: Ogunbodede Oladapo , Singh Tarunraj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of point-to-point path planning of a 3D model of a quadcopter carrying a suspended load by parameterizing its differentially flat outputs. The flat outputs are the Cartesian coordinates of the suspended load and the yaw angle of the quadcopter. The time integral of the absolute angular rate of the suspended load is minimized to synthesize a trajectory which minimizes the pendular oscillations of the suspended load while the quadcopter transition from one point of rest to another. An established feedback controller and an input shaped profile for the closed loop system dynamics using position as reference and also velocity as reference are also developed to compare the performance of the proposed controller. Experimental results validate results obtained via simulation showing that the differential flat solution outperforms the pure feedback and the feedback system with input shaping prefilters.
Sensitivity Analysis of Suppressing Vibration by Inducing a Node on a Harmonically Forced Euler–Bernoulli Beam
Authors: Shoyer Kevin , Nakahara Kevin , Cha Philip D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a properly tuned vibration absorber (spring-mass system) is used to induce a point of zero vibration, or node, anywhere along an arbitrarily supported beam for the purpose of suppressing vibration. Other benefits of enforcing a node include the ability to place a sensitive instrument near or at a point where there is little or no vibration and to keep any point along the beam stationary without using a rigid support. The assumed-modes method is used to discretize the equations of motion, which conveniently leads to the beam displacement at the node location in matrix form. Exploiting the Sherman–Morrison inverse formula, one can obtain compact, closed-form expressions for the beam deflection at the node location and the displacement of the absorber mass, explicitly in terms of the absorber parameters, attachment location, excitation frequency, forcing location and the node location. The resulting expressions can then be used to systematically perform a parameter sensitivity analysis and rapid design modifications. The proposed work contributes to the parametric study of Euler–Bernoulli beams by leveraging closed-form sensitivity expressions to rapidly account for inverse problems involving parameter tolerances and perturbations. The method introduced in this paper can also be easily extended to accommodate changes in attachment location and the tolerable deflection of the absorber mass without the need to perform a potentially expensive and time-consuming re-analysis. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the utility of using the sensitivity expressions in designing an accurate and robust vibration absorber when slight modifications are introduced.
A carbon-rich lithospheric mantle as a source for the large CO2 emissions of Etna volcano (Italy)
Authors: Bragagni Alessandro , Mastroianni Filippo , Münker Carsten , Conticelli Sandro , Avanzinelli Riccardo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Etna volcano in Italy releases an exceptional amount of CO2 (9083 t/day) and contributes to 10% of global volcanic emission. The reasons for its extreme CO2 degassing are not yet understood. Using high-precision high field strength element (HFSE) concentrations in magmas from volcanoes in southern Italy, we show that the high Nb/Ta of Etna (up to 26) reveals a mantle source affected by carbonatite metasomatism, which is likely responsible for the large CO2 fluxes. As observed at Etna, carbon-rich mantle domains influence CO2 degassing also outside of continental rifts and therefore play a fundamental role in explaining volcanic CO2 fluxes in different geodynamic settings. Collectively, our study demonstrates that HFSE ratios in magmatic rocks are viable tracers for volcanic carbon degassing that can be used to study present-day settings and, possibly, past emissions.
Dose–effect meta-analysis for psychopharmacological interventions using randomised data
Authors: Hamza Tasnim , Furukawa Toshi A , Orsini Nicola , Cipriani Andrea , Salanti Georgia 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe current practice in meta-analysis of the effects of psychopharmacological interventions ignors the administered dose or restricts the analysis in a dose range. This may introduce unnecessary uncertainty and heterogeneity. Methods have been developed to integrate the dose–effect models in meta-analysis.MethodsWe describe the two-stage and the one-stage models to conduct a dose–effect meta-analysis using common or random effects methods. We illustrate the methods on a dataset of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. The dataset comprises 60 randomised controlled trials. The dose–effect is measured on an odds ratio scale and is modelled using restricted cubic splines to detect departure from linearity.ResultsThe estimated summary curve indicates that the probability of response increases up to 30 mg/day of fluoxetine-equivalent which results in reaching 50% probability to respond. Beyond 40 mg/day, no further increase in the response is observed. The one-stage model includes all studies, resulting in slightly less uncertainty than the two-stage model where only part of the data is analysed.ConclusionsThe dose–effect meta-analysis enables clinicians to understand how the effect of a drug changes as a function of its dose. Such analysis should be conducted in practice using the one-stage model that incorporates evidence from all available studies.
Germination characteristics of three key species and their implications for vegetation restoration in northern China
Authors: Sun Qinglin , Liu Xin , Lai Liming , Zhou Jihua , Gao Yong , An Ping , Shimizu Hideyuki , Zheng Yuanrun 
Published: January 2022

Seed germination is a complex physiological process that can affect species establishment as well as vegetation restoration and dynamics; however, the germination characteristics of several key species used to combat desertification remain unclear. In light, temperature, and air humidity-controlled growth chambers, four different light treatments, five alternative temperature treatments, 11 levels of water potential, and five constant temperatures were set up to study the effects of light, temperature, and water stress on the completion of germination of Medicago sativa L., Astragalus adsurgens Pall., and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The results showed that completion of germination of G. uralensis seeds occurred significantly less than that of M. sativa and A. adsurgens. Light intensity had no significant effect on the final germination percentage of M. sativa, A. adsurgens, and G. uralensis, but the germination rate under 100 and 400 μmol·m–2·s–1 light was significantly greater than that under 25 μmol·m–2·s–1. Temperature had no significant effect on the final germination percentage of these species’ seeds, and the germination rate was greater at 15/25 °C and 20/30 °C. The germination rate decreased as the water potential decreased. The germination results indicate that late spring is a suitable sowing time for G. uralensis to obtain optimal levels of completion of germination.
Haskap maturity stages and their influence on postharvest berry quality
Authors: Leisso R. , Jarrett B. , Richter R. , Miller Z. 
Published: January 2022

Limited information is available regarding haskap berry maturity and corresponding postharvest characteristics. We assessed detached berry quality, respiration rate, and ethylene production at five stages of maturity and compared postharvest storage influence on berries harvested at half-blue and softening stages. Ethylene’s increase at successive stages suggests its involvement with berry maturation, but concomitant respiration does not support classifying haskap ripening as climacteric. Results indicate harvesting at the less mature half-blue stage is not recommended, as berries had lower fresh weight and inferior quality relative to those harvested at the softening stage, both at harvest and following 14 d storage.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Cancer
Authors: Kim Laura C. , Simon M. Celeste 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) are detrimental to most species on Earth; thus, cells have evolved with adaptations allowing them to withstand transient hypoxia. As with other survival pathways, cancer cells have co-opted these mechanisms to keep up with the metabolic demands of rapid growth and proliferation in harsh tumor microenvironments. The most well-studied oxygen response pathway involves hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and their regulation by the von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL) and the prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3). This study from Zhong and colleagues, published in Cancer Research in 1999, was the first to show increased HIF1α expression in several cancer types and in metastases, suggesting a role for HIFs in disease progression. Since publication, significant progress has been made in the understanding of tumor hypoxia responses and efforts to target this pathway as a therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer are underway.
See related article by Zhong and colleagues, Cancer Res 1999;59:5830–5
Insights Into Myocardial Oxygenation and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tissue Biomarkers in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Fischer Kady , Guensch Dominik P. , Jung Bernd , King Iman , von Tengg-Kobligk Hendrik , Giannetti Nadia , Eberle Balthasar , Friedrich Matthias G. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not well understood, but evidence strongly suggests involvement of microvascular dysfunction. We studied the myocardial oxygenation reserve as a direct marker of coronary vascular function and its relation to myocardial deformation and tissue characteristics by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods:
In a dual-center case-control study, patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (>50%) and healthy controls older than 50 years underwent quantitative CMR for ventricular volumes and functional assessment with feature tracking, as well as tissue characterization (T1, T2, extracellular volume). Coronary vascular function was measured by oxygenation-sensitive (OS)–CMR of the myocardial oxygenation response to a vasoactive breathing maneuver.

Results:

Twenty-nine patients completed the CMR exam. Compared with cutoffs derived from 12 control subjects, circumferential peak strain was attenuated in 97% of patients. Native T1 was elevated in 93%, extracellular volume was elevated in 83%. Sixty-six percent of patients revealed either regional or global myocardial edema, defined by an increased myocardial T2. An attenuated global myocardial oxygenation reserve (<4.4%) was observed in 96% of the patients (1.7±3.9% versus 9.1±5.3% in controls,
P
<0.001). This was correlated with septal wall thickness (r=−0.54,
P
=0.003), edema (myocardial T2; β=−0.26% oxygenation-sensitive/ms [95% CI, −0.49 to −0.03],
P
=0.029), and reduced diastolic strain rate (β=1.50% oxygenation-sensitive/s
-1
[95% CI, 0.06–2.90],
P
=0.042).

Conclusions:
In patients with clinical heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, vascular dysfunction as measured by an attenuated myocardial oxygenation reserve is associated with myocardial edema, a thicker septum, and diastolic dysfunction. A quantitative comprehensive CMR exam including oxygenation-sensitive–CMR allows for comprehensive imaging-based phenotyping of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Patterns of Early Coronary Artery Changes in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients Detected Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Laguë Sabine L. , Bone Jeffrey N. , Samuel Rosh , Voss Christine , Balbacid Enrique , Hosking Martin C.K. , Schubert Stephan , Harris Kevin C. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the leading cause of graft failure in pediatric heart transplant recipients, is characterized by diffuse and concentric coronary intimal thickening. Early treatment yields better outcomes. While coronary angiography is the standard for cardiac allograft vasculopathy screening and diagnosis, it only identifies luminal narrowing, which occurs in more severe disease. Coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-definition intravascular imaging modality that may offer earlier diagnosis. We used OCT to investigate coronary intimal thickening in pediatric transplant recipients and examined its (1) location (ie, vessel type and location) and (2) nature (ie, characteristics of cross-sectional and longitudinal thickening).

Methods:
Sites collected coronary angiography and OCT data from participants (N=258 vessel segments from 73 individuals; median age: 11.5 years [8.4–15.3]; 55% male). Images were collected from the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries, and location (ie, proximal, middle, and distal) were classified using coronary angiography.

Results:

OCT identified 32 vessel segments meeting criteria for significant thickening, 88% of which were angiographically silent. Longitudinal thickening was segmental rather than global in 88%, and cross-sectional thickening was 48% eccentric and 52% concentric. Intimal thickening prevalence and severity measures did not consistently differ between coronary artery type (
P
=1.000) or location (
P
=0.248) but increased with time since transplant and age at transplant and OCT procedure.

Conclusions:
In pediatric transplant recipients, we observed a surprisingly high prevalence of segmental and eccentric intimal thickening. Insights from intravascular imaging suggest these patterns of coronary vascular changes may precede overt cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Identifying early changes may offer opportunity for enhanced surveillance and earlier intervention.
Normalized Subendocardial Myocardial Attenuation on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Predicts Postoperative Adverse Cardiovascular Events: Coronary CTA VISION Substudy
Authors: Walpot Jeroen , Massalha Samia , Jayasinghe Pranisha , Sadaf Madiha , Clarkin Owen , Godkin Laura , Sharma Ashwin , Ratnayake Indeevari , Godkin Kara , Jia Kateleen , Hossain Alomgir , Crean Andrew M. , Chan Matthew , Butler Craig , Tandon Vikas , Nagele Peter , Woodard Pamela K. , Mrkobrada Marko , Szczeklik Wojciech , Aziz Yang Faridah Abdul , Biccard Bruce , Devereaux P.J. , Sheth Tej , Chow Benjamin J.W. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Abnormalities in computed tomography myocardial perfusion has been associated with coronary artery disease and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We sought to investigate if subendocardial attenuation using coronary computed tomography angiography predicts MACE 30 days postelective noncardiac surgery.

Methods:

Using a 17-segment model, coronary computed tomography angiography images were analyzed for subendocardial and transmural attenuation and the corresponding blood pool. The segment with the lowest subendocardial attenuation and transmural attenuation were normalized to the segment with the highest subendocardial and transmural attenuation, respectively (SUB
normalized
, and TRANS
normalized
, respectively). We evaluated the independent and incremental value of myocardial attenuation to predict the composite of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction.

Results:

Of a total of 995 coronary CTA VISION (Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Vascular Events in Noncardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation Study) patients, 735 had available images and complete data for these analyses. Among these patients, 60 had MACE. Based on Revised Cardiovascular Risk Index, 257, 302, 138, and 38 patients had scores of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3, respectively. On coronary computed tomography angiography, 75 patients had normal coronary arteries, 297 patients had nonobstructive coronary artery disease, 264 patients had obstructive disease, and 99 patients had extensive obstructive coronary artery disease. SUB
normalized
was an independent and incremental predictor of events in the model that included Revised Cardiovascular Risk Index and coronary artery disease severity. Compared with patients in the highest tertile of SUB
normalized
, patients in the second and first tertiles had an increased hazards ratio for events (2.23 [95% CI, 1.091–4.551] and 2.36 [95% CI, 1.16–4.81], respectively). TRANS
normalized
, as a continuous variable, was also found to be a predictor of MACE (
P
=0.027).

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that SUB
normalized
and TRANS
normalized
are independent and incremental predictors of MACE 30 days after elective noncardiac surgery.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01635309.
Trajectory of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Children With Valvar Aortic Stenosis Following Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty
Authors: Papneja Koyelle , Blatman Zachary M. , Kawpeng Ian D. , Wheatley Jacqueline , Oscé Hanne , Li Boning , Lafreniere-Roula Myriam , Fan Chun P.S. , Manlhiot Cedric , Benson Lee N. , Mertens Luc 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common type of congenital left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has become the first-line treatment pathway in many centers. Our aim was to assess the trajectory of LV remodeling following BAV in children and its relationship to residual aortic stenosis (AS) and insufficiency (AI).

Methods:
Children <18 years of age who underwent BAV for isolated aortic stenosis from 2004 to 2012 were eligible for inclusion. Those with AI before BAV, other complex congenital heart lesions, or <2 accessible follow-up echocardiograms were excluded. Baseline and serial echocardiographic data pertaining to aortic valve and LV size and function were retrospectively collected through December 2017 or the first reintervention. Longitudinal data was assessed using per-patient time profiles with superimposed trend lines using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing. Associations with reintervention or death were also evaluated.

Results:

Among the 98 enrolled children, the median (interquartile range) age at BAV was 2.8 months (0.2–75). The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 6.8 years (1.9–9.0). Children with predominantly residual AI (n=11) demonstrated progressive increases in their LV end-diastolic dimension
Z
score within the first 3 years after the BAV, followed by a plateau (
P
<0.001). Their mean LV circumferential and longitudinal strain values remained within the normal range but lower than in the non-AI group (
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.001, respectively). Children with predominantly residual aortic stenosis (n=44) had no changes in LV dimensions but had a rapid early increase in mean LV circumferential and longitudinal strain. The cumulative proportion (95% CI) of reintervention at 5 years following BAV was 33.7% (23.6%–42.4%).

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that LV remodeling occurs mainly during the first 3 years in children with predominantly residual AI after BAV, with no subsequent significant functional changes over the medium term. These data improve our understanding of expected patient trajectories and thus may inform decisions on the timing of reintervention.
Impact of Frailty and Prefrailty on Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , Zhao Yanglu , Leon Martin B. , Sathananthan Janar , Alu Maria , Thourani Vinod H. , Smith Craig R. , Mack Michael J. , Cohen David J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Randomized trials have shown short- and mid-term benefits with transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement (TAVR versus SAVR) for patients at intermediate or low-risk for surgery. Frailty and prefrailty could explain some of this benefit due to an impaired ability to recover fully from a major surgical procedure.

Methods:
We examined 2-year outcomes (survival and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire [KCCQ] scores) among patients at intermediate or low surgical risk treated with transfemoral-TAVR or SAVR within the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) 2A trial, SAPIEN 3 intermediate-risk registry, and PARTNER 3 trial. Frailty was examined as a continuous variable based on grip strength, gait speed, serum albumin, and activities of daily living. We tested the interaction of frailty markers by treatment (TAVR versus SAVR) in proportional hazards regression models (survival) and piecewise linear regression models (KCCQ), adjusting for patient demographic and clinical factors.

Results:

Among the 3025 patients in the analytic cohort (2003 TAVR, 1022 SAVR; mean age 79.3 years, 61.6% men), 799 (26.4%) were nonfrail, 2041 (67.5%) were prefrail (1–2 frailty markers), and 185 (6.1%) were frail (3–4 frailty markers). Increasing frailty (none versus prefrail versus frail) was associated with higher 2-year mortality (5.5% versus 11.1% versus 22.8%; log-rank
P
<0.001) and worse 2-year health status among survivors (KCCQ scores adjusted for baseline: 84.8 versus 79.6 versus 77.4,
P
<0.001). In multivariable models, there were no significant interactions between frailty markers and treatment group for either survival (interaction
P
=0.39) or health status (interaction
P
>0.47 for all time points).

Conclusions:
In a cohort of older patients with severe aortic stenosis who were at low or intermediate surgical risk, increasing frailty markers were associated with worse 2-year mortality and greater health status impairment after either TAVR or SAVR, but there were no significant interactions between type of valve replacement and frailty with respect to either outcome.