bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
140 COVID-19 is Associated with New Onset Erectile Dysfunction: Insights From a Multinational Registry
Authors: Nackeeran S , Chu K , Masterson T , Ramasamy R 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As the COVID-19 pandemic has been ongoing since 2019, we are just beginning to see some of the short and long-term effects of infection. Vascular integrity is necessary for erectile function, and endothelial damage associated with COVID-19 is likely to affect the penile vasculature. Recent studies have showed evidence of COVID-19 virus within penile tissue through electron microscopy. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 infection may be a contributing factor to subsequent development of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Objective
To determine if men with recent COVID-19 infection was associated with subsequent increased risk for development of erectile dysfunction.

Methods
We assessed the risk of ED in men with COVID-19 in the United States (US) using the TriNetX Research Network, a federated EMR network of over 42 healthcare organizations and 66 million patients from the US, from 2009-2020. We identified adult men (≥18 years) with a recorded COVID-19 infection (ICD-10-CM B34.2, U07.1, U07.2, J12.81, J12.82, B97.29) since January 1, 2020 and compared them to an equivalent number of adult men who had COVID-19. Men with prior history or diagnosis of ED were excluded. We accounted for confounding variables through propensity score matching for age, race, body mass index (BMI), and history of the following comorbid medical conditions: diabetes mellitus (ICD-10-CM E11), hypertension (ICD-10-CM I10), or hyperlipidemia (ICD-10-CM E78). We assessed the association between COVID-19 and ED (ICD-10-CM N52) as a primary outcome through regression analysis with statistical significance assessed at p&lt;.05.

Results
Prior to propensity score matching, men with COVID-19 had an average age of 47.1 + 21.4 years, 13% had diabetes mellitus, and 27% had hypertension, while in men without COVID-19, average age was 42.4 + 24.3 years, 7% had diabetes, and 22% had hypertension. After propensity score matching, we compared 230, 517 men with COVID-19 to 232,645 men without COVID-19 and found that COVID-19 diagnosis was significantly associated with ED (OR 1.120, 95% CI 1.004-1.248, p=0.0416). Strengths include large sample size and adjustment for confounding variables. Limitations include lack of data regarding ED (mild vs moderate vs severe) or COVID-19 infection severity.

Conclusions
Our study showed that there is an increased risk of developing ED post-COVID infection, suggesting possible long-term effects due underlying endothelial dysfunction. The exact mechanism of how COVID-19 virus leads to erectile dysfunction remains to be elucidated.

Disclosure
No
143 User Characteristics of Unique Men's Health Website
Authors: Alom M , Collins S , Nelson K , Carlson S , Tentis E , Helo S , Ziegelmann M , Trost L , Kohler T 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Covid-19 has helped drive all forms of medicine away from traditional brick and mortar medical interactions. Given the availability of online services to obtain treatments for ED, we developed a website to facilitate patient education, triage and men's health appointment scheduling.

Objective
We sought to assess characteristics of men who utilized a novel website to treat their ED.

Methods
We report on 50 patients who ultimately booked and attended appointments (video or in person) for erectile dysfunction. Patients found our website through our institution's main informational ED pages or through youtube links from our men's health video playlist library. Patients create an institutional account and are then asked a series of MD created questions designed to streamline patient triage and complete the majority of chart documentation ahead of the appointment. Patients are then sent videos relevant to their condition and future appointment options.

Results
2300 users investigated the ED portion of the website with 1.8% of patients ultimately following through with an appointment. 13% of patients who explored the ED portion of the site created a user account that allows a questionnaire to be taken. 90% of men who began the ED questionnaire completed with a mean time of 11 minutes. 52% of men offered an appointment based on their responses completed the patient scheduling form. 71% of traffic was on mobile devices with 29% on desktop/tablet. Site use by time of day is shown in figure 1. Mean age of patients was 53. 92% of patients had ED that occurred &gt; 6 months. Mean SHIM score was 8.2 (IQR 4-12). 80% of participants had both desire and opportunity for sexual activity, 20% did not meet both criteria and thus SHIM scores were less valid for these men. Of the users 28% had never tried pde5s, 32% had partial success with pde5s, 24% could not tolerate or afford pde5s and 42% had unsatisfactory results with pde5s. PDE5 naïve patients were seen by an internal medicine MD specializing in men's health, 10 were seen by surgeons as they requested IPPs and the rest were seen by a combination of men's health APPS and urology attendings for second line treatments and penile doppler. Interestingly, 66% of men were interested in undergoing penile doppler to better understand the etiology of their ED. Hypertension (40%) and diabetes (22%) were the most common medical comorbidities. 36% of the cohort had a strong family history of cardiac disease.

Conclusions
Men with ED can be effectively triaged through a website application. Most men with pde5 refractory ED wish to pursue penile doppler. The majority of patients seen had watched educational video material ahead of time, facilitating a more sophisticated and streamlined patient interaction.

Disclosure
No
Generic View of Gendered Slurs and the Subset Argument
Authors: VALTONEN PASI 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe neutral counterpart assumption is widely accepted in the study of slurs. It provides a simple and effective explanation for the meaning of slurs. Slurring terms are coextensional with their neutral counterparts. However, Lauren Ashwell (2016) has questioned this assumption. She argues that gendered slurs refer to a subset of their neutral counterparts. Hence, slurs are not coextensional with their counterparts. She goes on to present a view that is not based on the counterpart assumption. Still, her view is a unifying view of slurs as it also applies to ethnic and racial slurs. In this paper, I defend the counterpart assumption with a generic view of slurs. While being a unifying view, it accommodates the subset argument with its eponymous feature that the meaning of slurs involves a generic component.
COVID-19 and Support for Executive Aggrandizement
Authors: Gidengil Elisabeth , Stolle Dietlind , Bergeron-Boutin Olivier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic offers a critical opportunity to assess the extent to which Canadians can be considered reliable defenders of democratic norms and institutions. In the face of such a serious threat to their physical and economic well-being, how willing are Canadians to condone the loosening of restraints on the power of the executive? This article addresses this question by drawing on the terror management and threat literatures. Combining a cross-sectional regression analysis with a vignette experiment and a candidate-choice conjoint experiment, it tests two hypotheses: that people experiencing debilitating anxiety about COVID-19 are more likely to favour weakening checks on the executive and that people will be willing to trade off legislative checks for the sake of their preferred lockdown policy. Both hypotheses are confirmed. In the face of an unprecedented health crisis, COVID-related anxiety and a desire for protective policies may trump respect for democratic norms.
In-House Attending Trauma Surgeon Does Not Reduce Mortality in Patients Presented to a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Hakkenbrak Nadia AG , Mikdad Sarah , van Embden Daphne , Giannakopoulos Georgios F. , Bloemers Frank W. , Schepers Tim , Halm Jens A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Trauma is the leading cause of death in the Western world. Trauma systems have been paramount in opposing this problem. Commonly, Level 1 Trauma Centers are staffed by in-house (IH) attending trauma surgeons available 24/7, whereas other institutions function on an on-call (OC) basis with defined response times. There is on-going debate about the value of an IH attending trauma surgeon compared to OC trauma surgeons regarding clinical outcome.Methods:This study was performed at a tertiary care facility complying with all requirements to be a designated Level 1 Trauma Center as defined by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACSCOT). Inclusion occurred from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2013. Patients were assigned an identifier for IH trauma surgeon attendance versus OC attendance. The primary outcome variable studied was overall mortality in relation to IH or OC attending trauma surgeons. Additionally, time to operating theater, hospital length-of-stay (HLOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) admittance were investigated.Results:A total of 1,287 unique trauma cases in 1,285 patients were presented to the trauma team. Of all cases, 712 (55.3%) occurred between 1700h and 0800h. These 712 cases were treated by an IH attending in 66.3% (n = 472) and an OC attending in 33.7% (n = 240). In the group of patients treated by an IH attending trauma surgeon, the overall mortality rate was 5.5% (n = 26); in the group treated by an OC attending, the overall mortality rate was 4.6% (n = 11; P = .599). Cause of death was traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 57.6%. No significant difference was found in the time between initial presentation at the trauma room and arrival in the operating theater.Conclusion:In terms of trauma-related mortality during non-office hours, no benefit was demonstrated through IH trauma surgeons compared to OC trauma surgeons.
Air quality in welfare accounting
Authors: Balleer Almut , Endrikat Morten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe measure how taking into account air quality affects relative welfare levels and welfare convergence across countries. We use the equivalent variation framework by Jones and Klenow [(2016)American Economic Review106(9), 2426–2457.] which takes into account consumption, life expectancy, inequality, and leisure and extend it with respect to environmental quality in form of air pollution. Our results show that omitting environmental aspects from welfare accounting might lead to both a substantial over- or understatement of actual relative welfare and welfare developments for different (groups of) countries.
Shear‐Wave Velocity Reveals Heterogeneous Geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust System and Deep Structure Beneath the Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Zhao Lingfeng , Li Lun , Liao Jie , Dong Shixian , Liang Yanling , Gao Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Himalayas is currently rising due to the collision of the Indian and Asian plates and hosts frequent earthquakes, some of which are devastating, such as the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake. Despite the importance of deep dynamic processes to understand the uplift of the Himalayas and the occurrence of large earthquakes, it remains limitedly constrained due to the lack of a detailed three‐dimensional subsurface image under this region. Here, we construct new models of shear‐wave velocity and radial anisotropy down to the 150 km depth from Rayleigh‐ and Love‐wave tomography in the Nepal Himalayas. We find that the 2015 Gorkha earthquake and its main aftershock occurred in a velocity contrast that is presumably interpreted as Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). A duplex structure, imaged as relatively high velocities, is inferred to exist above MHT under the Lesser Himalayas. This duplex shows heterogeneous features along the strike of the Himalayas that may control the rupture behavior during the occurrence of a large earthquake. Additionally, a low‐velocity anomaly is observed at depths from Moho to 100 km under the Lhasa Terrane and north of the Himalayan Terrane between 85° and 88°E. We interpret this low‐velocity anomaly to be likely caused by mantle upwelling resulting from either possible Indian slab tearing, or northward subduction of the Indian plate. If this is the case, the north‐south trending rifts that situate within the dispersal of the low‐velocity anomaly are probably associated with the mantle upwelling. This study provides a new independent constraint on the geometry of the MHT system and deep dynamic processes occurring in the Nepal Himalaya.
Wave‐Climate Asymmetry Influence on Delta Evolution and River Dynamics
Authors: Hu Ningjie , Murray A. Brad , Ratliff Katherine M. , Little Zachary , Hutton Eric W. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOn wave‐influenced river deltas, wave‐driven sediment redistribution affects river progradation, and therefore avulsions, while avulsions change where sediment is delivered to the coastline, affecting coastline shape. Coastline shape, in turn, affects sediment redistribution rates and patterns. Here we use a numerical model to investigate how the asymmetry of wave climates affects delta avulsion behaviors, which are coupled with delta shape evolution. Increasing wave‐climate asymmetry tends to reduce (increase) the curvature of updrift (downdrift) delta flanks, by increasing (decreasing) local shoreline diffusivity. In our model experiments, reduced shoreline curvature restricts the possible updrift post‐avulsion river mouth locations, while increased curvature expands the possible downdrift locations, favoring “downdrift avulsions.” However, under some wave climates, local diffusivity on the downdrift flank can become negative, leading to convexity and shoreline accretion, inhibiting downdrift avulsions. Increasing wave heights and decreasing superelevation threshold for avulsions both tend to reduce delta morphologic asymmetry, and therefore avulsion tendency.
Lower‐Hybrid Wave Structures and Interactions With Electrons Observed in Magnetotail Reconnection Diffusion Regions
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Li‐Jen , Bessho Naoki , Ng Jonathan , Hesse Michael , Graham Daniel B. , Le Contel Olivia , Gershman Daniel , Giles Barbara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate waves close to the lower‐hybrid frequency in 12 magnetotail reconnection electron diffusion region (EDR) events with guide field levels of near‐zero to 30%. In about half of the events, the wave vector has a small component along the current sheet normal, consistent with known lower‐hybrid drift wave properties, but the perpendicular magnetic field fluctuations can be comparable or greater than the parallel component, a feature unique to the waves inside and adjacent to EDRs. Another new wave property is that the wave vector has a significant component along the current sheet normal in some events and completely along the normal for one event. In 1/4 of the events, the term has a significant contribution to the wave electric field, possibly a feature of lower‐hybrid waves more likely to exist in the diffusion region than further away from the X‐line. Electron temperature variations are correlated with the wave potential, due to wave electric field acceleration and crossings at the corrugated separatrix region with different amounts of mixing between reconnection inflowing and outflowing populations. The latter also leads to the anti‐correlation between parallel and perpendicular temperature components. Using four‐spacecraft measurements, the magnetic field line twisting is demonstrated by the correlated fluctuations in and . The lower‐hybrid wave in the EDR of weak guide field reconnection may be generated near separatrices and penetrate to the mid‐plane or locally generated, and the latter possibility is beyond the prediction of previous reconnection simulations.
Reduction of Equatorial Obduction by Atmospheric Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Liu Lingling , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObduction is the large‐scale, irreversible upward water transport from the permanent pycnocline to the surface mixed layer. Using Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), this study explores the impact of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) on the Pacific equatorial obduction that plays a fundamental role in regulating the tropical Pacific climate. Parallel HYCOM experiments forced by atmospheric fields with and without ISO variability are compared to assess the effect of ISOs on the ocean. The results suggest that the ISOs can reduce the annual obduction rate of the western and central equatorial Pacific Ocean (WCEPO; 150°E−160°W, 5°S–5°N) by ∼12%, and their impact on the eastern Pacific is rather limited. The ISOs cause prominent intraseasonal variability of mixed layer depth (MLD) in the WCEPO primarily through surface wind forcing, which in turn affects the two key processes controlling the annual obduction rate. First, the intraseasonal MLD deepening events narrow down the total time windows for obduction by ∼30% and thereby give rise to the decrease in obduction rate; second, it leads to high‐frequency entrainment events and enhances the entrainment rate by ∼18%. The increased entrainment rate is overwhelmed by the reduced time windows for effective entrainment, and the net effect of ISOs is to reduce the obduction rate and modify its seasonal cycle. This work highlights the importance of atmospheric ISOs in the equatorial ocean dynamics, with implications for tropical surface temperature and climate variabilities and biogeochemical cycle.
Detection of Tracer Plumes Using Full‐Waveform Inversion of Time‐Lapse Ground Penetrating Radar Data: A Numerical Study in a High‐Resolution Aquifer Model
Authors: Haruzi P. , Schmäck J. , Zhou Z. , van der Kruk J. , Vereecken H. , Vanderborght J. , Klotzsche A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImaging subsurface small‐scale features and monitoring transport of tracer plumes at a fine resolution is of interest to characterize transport processes in aquifers. Full‐waveform inversion (FWI) of crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements enables aquifer characterization at decimeter‐scale resolution. The method produces images of both relative dielectric permittivity (εr) and bulk electrical conductivity (σb) that can be related to hydraulic aquifer properties and tracer distributions. To test the potential of time‐lapse GPR FWI for imaging tracer plumes, we conducted a numerical tracer experiment by injecting saline water, desalinated water, and ethanol in a heterogeneous aquifer. The saline and desalinated tracers only changed σb, whereas ethanol changed both εr and σb. Tracer concentrations were retrieved from the inverted εr and σb models using information about petrophysical parameters. GPR FWI εr and σb tracer images could recover preferential paths of ∼0.2 m width, while the derived σb structures are smoother. FWI of 50 time‐lapse data sets demonstrated the potential of the FWI to derive spatially resolved breakthrough curves of the saline and ethanol tracer in the image plane between the boreholes. Thus, high‐resolution imaging with GPR FWI of tracers that produce a high permittivity contrast against the background has a great potential for characterization of heterogeneous transport in aquifers.
Statistical Attribution of the Influence of Urban and Tree Cover Change on Streamflow: A Comparison of Large Sample Statistical Approaches
Authors: Anderson Bailey J. , Slater Louise J. , Dadson Simon J. , Blum Annalise G. , Prosdocimi Ilaria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe strengths and weaknesses of different statistical methodologies for attributing changes in streamflow to land cover are still poorly understood. We examine the relationships between high (Q99), mean (Qmean), and low (Q01) streamflow and urbanization or tree cover change in 729 catchments in the United States between 1992 and 2018. We apply two statistical modeling approaches and compare their performance. Panel regression models estimate the average effect of land cover changes on streamflow across all sites, and show that on average, a 1%‐point increase in catchment urban area results in a small (0.6%–0.7%), but highly significant increase in mean and high flows. Meanwhile, a 1%‐point increase in tree cover does not correspond to strongly significant changes in flow. We also fit a generalized linear model to each individual site, which results in highly varied model coefficients. The medians of the single‐site coefficients show no significant relationships between either urbanization or tree cover change and any streamflow quantile (although at individual sites, the coefficients may be statistically significant and positive or negative). On the other hand, the GLM coefficients may provide greater nuance in catchments with specific attributes. This variation is not well represented through the panel model estimates of average effect, unless moderators are carefully considered. We highlight the value of statistical approaches for large‐sample attribution of hydrological change, while cautioning that considerable variability exists.
Role of Poroelasticity During the Early Postseismic Deformation of the 2010 Maule Megathrust Earthquake
Authors: Peña Carlos , Metzger Sabrina , Heidbach Oliver , Bedford Jonathan , Bookhagen Bodo , Moreno Marcos , Oncken Onno , Cotton Fabrice 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMegathrust earthquakes impose changes of differential stress and pore pressure in the lithosphere‐asthenosphere system that are transiently relaxed during the postseismic period primarily due to afterslip, viscoelastic and poroelastic processes. Especially during the early postseismic phase, however, the relative contribution of these processes to the observed surface deformation is unclear. To investigate this, we use geodetic data collected in the first 48 days following the 2010 Maule earthquake and a poro‐viscoelastic forward model combined with an afterslip inversion. This model approach fits the geodetic data 14% better than a pure elastic model. Particularly near the region of maximum coseismic slip, the predicted surface poroelastic uplift pattern explains well the observations. If poroelasticity is neglected, the spatial afterslip distribution is locally altered by up to ±40%. Moreover, we find that shallow crustal aftershocks mostly occur in regions of increased postseismic pore‐pressure changes, indicating that both processes might be mechanically coupled.
Role of the gut–brain axis in energy and glucose metabolism
Authors: Wachsmuth Hallie R. , Weninger Savanna N. , Duca Frank A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract plays a role in the development and treatment of metabolic diseases. During a meal, the gut provides crucial information to the brain regarding incoming nutrients to allow proper maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. This gut–brain communication is regulated by various peptides or hormones that are secreted from the gut in response to nutrients; these signaling molecules can enter the circulation and act directly on the brain, or they can act indirectly via paracrine action on local vagal and spinal afferent neurons that innervate the gut. In addition, the enteric nervous system can act as a relay from the gut to the brain. The current review will outline the different gut–brain signaling mechanisms that contribute to metabolic homeostasis, highlighting the recent advances in understanding these complex hormonal and neural pathways. Furthermore, the impact of the gut microbiota on various components of the gut–brain axis that regulates energy and glucose homeostasis will be discussed. A better understanding of the gut–brain axis and its complex relationship with the gut microbiome is crucial for the development of successful pharmacological therapies to combat obesity and diabetes.