bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Traits of Medicinal Plant Species Under Different Ecological Conditions
Authors: Kriššáková Zuzana , Čierniková Malvína , Vykouková Ivana , Hrabovský Andrej , Masarovičová Elena , Beracko Pavel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effect of different ecological conditions (one control and three experimental sites in Bratislava, Slovakia) on the plasticity of medicinal plant species, and on the plant functional groups based on the selected leaf functional traits – SLA (specific leaf area) and LDMC (leaf dry matter content).Methods: In assessment were tested thirteen medicinal plant species – Aegopodium podagraria L., Fragaria vesca L., Galium odoratum (L.) Scop., Geum urbanum L., Glechoma hederacea L., Hedera helix L., Hypericum perforatum L., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Plantago lanceolata L., Prunella vulgaris L., Solidago gigantea Aiton, Tussilago farfara L. and Urtica dioica L. For the formation of plant functional groups according to different leaf characteristics, the metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination diagram was applied.Results: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) had a more significant effect on studied leaf traits than humus content (their coefficients of determination had values 0.55 and 0.11). Studied species were also characterized according to plant strategies. U. dioica and G. urbanum possessed the greatest plasticity of all studied species. Based on the functional groups we predict the response of the studied medicinal plant species to different ecological conditions. Conclusion: Traits and attributes of plants in plant communities are the outcome of adaptation of species to the environment and acclimation to environmental conditions changing in space and time. Identification of plant functional groups in plant community can provide a better understanding and functional comparison of several communities than the classical approach based on taxonomy.
Importance of ozone precursor’s measurements in modelling urban surface ozone variability using machine learning model
Authors: Balamurugan Vigneshkumar , Balamurugan Vinothkumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is primarily formed through complex photo-chemical reactions in the atmosphere, which are non-linearly dependent on precursors (NOX and VOC). Exploring the potential of machine learning (ML) in modeling surface ozone has received little attention, particularly when it comes to the inclusion of limited available ozone precursors information in the ML model. The ML model with past O3 , meteorology (relative humidity, temperature, boundary layer height, wind direction), season type and in-situ NO information explains 87 % (R2 = 0.87) of the ozone variability over Munich, a German metropolitan area. The ML model trained for the urban measurement station in Munich can also explain the ozone variability of the other three stations in the same city, with R2 = 0.88, 0.91, 0.63. While the same model robustly explains the ozone variability of two other German cities’ (Berlin and Hamburg) measurement stations, with R2 ranges from 0.72 to 0.84, giving confidence to use the ML model trained for one location to other locations with sparse ozone measurements. In all cases, including coarse CAMS model O3 simulations in the ML model slightly improves the ML model’s performance in predicting surface ozone.
An Evaluation of the Prevalence of the Risk of Disordered Eating, Poor Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress in Medical Students
Authors: Al-Ansari Ahmed Malalla , Jahrami Haitham Ali , Hamadeh Randah Rebhi , Sater Mai Salah , Janahi Abdulrahman Ismael , Janahi Ammar Khaled , Darraj Latifa Rashid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: An increase in the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs), sleep problems, and stress in the general population and medical students is becoming an area of concern. This study was designed to determine the incidence of sleep and EDs in medical students and to assess the relationship between these factors and stress levels.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed, and the data were collected using a self-administered, structured questionnaire via instant chat groups and social media advertisements between September and December 2019. Medical students (years 1–6) (n = 1100) enrolled at the College of Medicine and Medical Science, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain, were recruited in the study. The electronic survey included questions on the participants’ demographic characteristics. The tools utilized were the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 26-Item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The data were analyzed using Stata® (version 17.0).Results: Responses were received from 730 participants out of 1100 (67%). 649 (58%) were included in the final analysis,68% women and (32%) men. The mean age of the participants was 22.73 ± 2.31 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.56 ± 5.6 kg/m2 (55% had a normal BMI). The mean EAT-26, PSQI, and PSS-10 scores were 16.99 ± 9.09, 38.00 ± 3.13, and 25.67 ± 6.97, respectively. The prevalence of EDs, poor sleep quality, and stress symptoms was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.01–35.32), 67% (95% CI: 62.62–70.05), and 50% (95% CI: 46.07–53.93), respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex was a risk factor for EDs, sleep problems, and stress (odds ratio of 2.10, 95% CI: 1.30–3.45).Conclusions: Counseling services should be offered to medical students affected by anxiety, poor eating habits, and morbid obesity at the start of the first year of university. Medical students with sleeping problems require special attention throughout their time at college. Strategies to mitigate stress while studying should be given.Trial registration: Not applicable.
The Tissue Dust Analysis System: A new device and methodology to quantify dusting and linting propensity in hygiene tissue papers
Authors: Frazier Ryen McKinsey , Zambrano Franklin , Pawlak Joel J. , Welsford David , Gonzalez Ronalds 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Linting and dusting are commonly used terms to describe the tendency of a tissue web to release unbound and loosely bound fibers or filler particles during the tissue-making process or in the finished tissue product. Lint/dust generation has an overall negative impact across tissue paper manufacturing and handling operations, causing safety hazards, machine runnability difficulties, and product quality issues. To date, there are no well-established industry standards to quantify dusting/linting propensities in finished tissue products, thus evaluating the effectiveness of dust/lint control programs is challenging yet intriguing. This research aims to fill this gap by developing a methodology to characterize dusting in tissue papers. We have developed a device prototype (named the Tissue Dust Collector) and a methodology that together have been named the Tissue Dust Analysis System (TDAS), which aims at quantifying the propensity for tissue-grade paper products to generate dust/lint in a controlled and reproducible manner. Two samples, corresponding to commercial products with a low and high linting propensity, were tested using the proposed device and methodology, and the released particles were quantified and characterized. The device and methodology provided reproducible results for simulated consumer handling and product manufacturing scenarios. By changing the instrument's motor frequency, the force of agitation changes, mimicking/simulating consumer (60 strokes per min, spm) and producer/manufacturing (180 spm) handling scenarios (though manufacturing processes are much faster in practice). Particle counts at each level for each product showed reproducible values differentiable at different agitation levels. Adopting the proposed Tissue Dust Analysis System may help to collect, characterize and understand the mechanisms behind dusting to alleviate this issue at its various sources through dust-control strategies.
Phenotypic Diversity In Natural Populations of Docynia Delavayi (Franch.) Schneid.
Authors: Li Lianxing , Ou Wenli , Yang Lin , Wang Dawei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. is a wild fruit tree with high medicinal, edible, ecological, and ornamental values. This paper investigates the phenotypic diversity of nine traits in fruit and leaf from 17 Docynia delavayi natural populations. The results of coefficient of variation showed petiole length and leaf area contributed the highest mean coefficient of variation (CV = 36.85% and 43.71%, respectively), while fruit vertical diameter had the lowest contribution index (CV=12.17%). The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that first six PC axes explained 95.417% of the total variance among the Docynia delavayi populations tested, and the first three PCs explained 76.413% of the variation in multiple traits. PC1 was the most important genetic factor and the main indicator of its interpopulation variation, accounting for 51.428% of the total variation. Based on the nine phenotypic data of leaf and fruit from 17 natural populations of Docynia delavayi, the UPGMA method was used to broadly classify these populations into four main groups. This study provides a theoretical basis for further utilization and conservation of Docynia delavayi germplasm resources.
Prediction of Severe Pancreatitis in A Population with Low Atmospheric Oxygen Pressure.
Authors: Londoño-Ruiz Germán , Ramírez-Giraldo Camilo , Vesga-Rosas Andrés , Vargas-Barato Felipe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To establish the severity of pancreatitis, there are many scoring systems, the most used are the Marshall and APACHE II systems, each one has advantages and disadvantages; but with good relation regarding mortality and prediction of complications. In populations with low barometric pressures produced by a decrease in atmospheric pressure, there is a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen, in these cases scores which take arterial oxygen partial pressure as one of their variables, may be overestimated. Methods: A diagnostic trial study was designed to evaluate the performance of APACHE II, Marshall and BISAP in a city 2640 meters above sea level. A ROC analysis was performed to estimate the AUC of each of the scores, to evaluate the performance in predicting unfavorable outcomes and a non-parametric comparison was made between the AUC of each of the scores with the DeLong test. Results: From January 2018 to December 2019, data from 424 patients living in Bogota, with a diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis was collected consecutively in a hospital in Bogota, Colombia. The ROC analysis showed AUC for predicting adverse outcomes for APACHE II in 0.738 (95% CI 0.647 – 0.829), Marshall in 0.650 (95% CI 0.554 – 0.746), and BISAP in 0.744 (95% CI 0.654 – 0.835). The non-parametric comparison to assess whether there were differences between the different AUC of the different scores showed that there is a statistically significant difference between Marshall and BISAP AUC to predict unfavorable outcomes (p 0.032). The mortality in the group of patients studied was 5.8%. Conclusions: We suggest the use of BISAP to predict clinical outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of biliary pancreatitis in populations with decreased atmospheric pressure because it is an easy-to-use tool and does not require arterial oxygen partial pressure for its calculation.
Dynactin p150Glued–Deficiency in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Leads to Progressive Neurodegeneration and Endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction
Authors: Yu Jia , Sgobio Carmelo , Yang Xuan , Song Binbin , Zheng Jiayin , Li Kuo , Sun Lixin , Cai Huaibin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple missense mutations in DCTN1 gene have been linked to Perry syndrome (PS), a rare neurodegenerative disease clinically manifested with parkinsonism, mental depression, and central hypoventilation. DCTN1 encodes dynactin p150Glued protein, the largest subunit of dynactin motor protein complex. The PS-related mutations are concentrated at the amino-terminal cytoskeleton-associated protein and glycine-rich (CAP-Gly) domain, which mediates the association of p150Glued with microtubules. Degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DANs) was reported in the postmortem brains of PS patients. However, how the dysfunction of p150Glued affects the function and survival of DANs remains to be determined.
Methods
Using Cre-LoxP genetic manipulation, we crossbred Dctn1 knock-in (KI) mice with Th-Cre mice to generate Dctn1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice for genetic deletion of p150Glued protein in catecholaminergic neurons, including midbrain DANs. We also crossbred the Dctn1 KI mice with Cre/Esr1 mice to generate pups for primary culture of Dctn1 cKO cells. We then performed series of biochemical, neurochemical, cell biology, behavioral and neuropathological studies on the Dctn1 cKO mice or cells to investigate the underlying pathological mechanisms.
Results
While both Dctn1 control and cKO mice showed deterioration of rotarod motor performance during aging, the process was greatly accelerated in the cKO mice. The loss of p150Glued led to progressive degeneration of axon fibers and then cell bodies of midbrain DANs. In addition to neurodegeneration, abnormal accumulation of a-synuclein was found in the soma and nuclei of DANs in aged cKO mice. Moreover, before the onset of axon atrophy, both dopamine transporter (DAT) levels and activity were reduced in the DAN axon terminals of cKO mice. Further studies revealed unusually large spheric structures in the axons and dendrites of cKO DANs. Interestingly, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein BiP was abnormally accumulated in the dendritic spheroids and soma of cKO DANs. Accordingly, the Dctn1 cKO cells displayed impaired ER export and increased unfolded protein response (UPR). As a result, the Dctn1 cKO DANs were more vulnerable to ER stress-induced cell death.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that p150Glued is important in maintaining the function and survival of midbrain DANs during aging. We particularly highlighted the role of p150Glued in stabilizing the molecular machinery for ER export, suggesting that the PS-related p150Glued dysfunction may render the midbrain DANs more susceptible to UPR and ER stress.
Relations between family cohesion and adolescent-parent’s neural synchrony in response to emotional stimulations
Authors: Deng Xinmei , Lin Mingping , Zhang Lin , Li Xiaoqing , Gao Qiufeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The interaction between parent and adolescent is more challenging than other age periods. Family cohesion seriously impacts parent-adolescent emotional interactions. However, the underlying neural mechanism has not been fully examined. This study examined the differences in the neural synchrony in response to emotional film clips between high and low family cohesion adolescent-parent dyads by using the electroencephalograph (EEG) hyperscanning. Results: Simultaneously electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded while 15 low family cohesion parent-adolescent dyads （LFCs）and 14 high family cohesion parent-adolescent dyads （HFCs）received different emotional induction when viewing film clips. Interbrain phase-locking-value (PLV) in gamma band was used to calculated parent-adolescent dyads’ interbrain synchrony. Results showed that higher gamma interbrain synchrony was observed in the HFCs than the LFCs in the positive conditions. However, there was no significant difference between the HFCs and LFCs in other conditions. Also, the HFCs had significantly higher gamma interbrain synchrony in the positive conditions than in the negative conditions. Conclusion: Interbrain synchrony may represent an underlying neural mechanism of the parent-adolescent emotional bonding, which is the core of family cohesion.
Direct evidence of α ester linkages between lignin and glucuronoxylan that reveal the robust heteropolymeric complex in plant cell walls
Authors: Nishimura Hiroshi , Nagata Kazuma , Nagata Takashi , Katahira Masato , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
All vascular plants have lignin that interacts with polysaccharides in cell walls; however, the chemical structure of covalent lignin-carbohydrate (L-C) linkages remains unresolved because of the small number of L-C linkage relative to the polymer main chain. Sample isolation that predominantly maintains intact L-C linkages followed by advanced multi-dimensional NMR showed that the critical L-C linkage between lignin and xylan involves the α-position of the β-aryl ether unit of lignin and the sixth position of the glucuronic acid residue of 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan. The L-C ester linkages occur primarily at the α-position of lignin, supporting a theoretical synthetic pathway through a quinone methide intermediate. In contrast, the conventional γ-L-C ester was undetectable, indicating that this linkage is not the primary type. Instead, the γ-acetyl-substituted lignin coexisted. The results on primary L-C linkages contribute to plant physiology and biology and advance research into biomass conversion.
The Role of Family Support in the Developmental Outcomes of Rural Students in China: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Abbey Cody , Xue Hao , Barket Brandon , Dai Christina , Ly Tracy , Su William , Rozelle Scott , Wang Huan , She Xinshu , Singh Manpreet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the association between household characteristics, perceived family support (PFS), and the developmental outcomes (resilience, academic performance, and prosociality) among at-risk students. Our large sample included 1564 primary and secondary school students from poor rural China (M = 11.55 years old). Having a caregiver whose resilience score was in the top 50% of the sample was associated with a 0.48-point increase (or 0.31 d effect size), while having a migrant mother was correlated with a 0.26-point decrease (or 0.17 d effect size). PFS was a significant (p<0.0001) mediator between household characteristics and developmental outcomes. Our study highlights the link between caregiver resilience and PFS, and the healthy functioning of disadvantaged students in a developing context.
Lower Bone Mineral Can Be a Risk for an Enlarging Bone Marrow Lesion: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Japanese Women Without Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chiba Daisuke , Sasaki Eiji , Ota Seiya , Oyama Tetsushi , Kimura Yuka , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Although previous cross-sectional studies have clarified that lower bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with more severe bone marrow lesions (BMLs), its longitudinal relationship remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between BMD at baseline (BL) and BML change during a two-year follow-up period (2YFU). Methods: A total of 78 female participants (Mean age: 54.9 ± 9.6 and BMI: 21.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2) were eligible. All the participants underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging, and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images were acquired. Based on coronal and sagittal images, the maximum BML area (BMLa) was calculated by tracing the BML border. The mean value of coronal and sagittal BMLa was also calculated. The change in mean BMLa was defined using the following formula: [BMLa of 2YFU] – [BMLa of BL] = ΔBMLa. If ΔBMLa was positive, it was defined as enlarged; if ΔBMLa was negative, it was defined as regressed. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure the non-dominant side BMD at one-third of the distal radius. Young adult mean [YAM (%)] of the BMD was used for statistical analysis. Linear regression analysis was conducted with ΔBMLa as the dependent variable and YAM as the independent variable, adjusted for age, BMI, pain scale, and BMLa at BL. A receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn for the YAM to predict the prevalence of BML enlargement or regression. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with BML enlargement prevalence or regression as the dependent variable, and with the cut-off of YAM as the independent variable. Statistical significance was defined as P≤0.05. Results: During the 2YFU, 12 (15.4%) patients had enlarged BMLa, 26 (33.3%) participants showed regressing BMLa, and 40 (51.3%) patients remained stable. The YAM was significantly associated with ΔBMLa, according to the linear regression model (B: − 1.459, b: − 0.375, P=0.046). The best predictor of the BML enlargement risk was 85% YAM; this cut-off was significant in predicting the prevalence of BML enlargement (B: 2.126, odds ratio: 8.383, P=0.025), according to the adjusted logistic regression model.Conclusion: Lower BMD could predict BML enlargement during a two-year follow-up period.
Prevalence and Psychosocial Risk Factors of Substance Abuse: The Case of Dire Dawa University Students
Authors: Desalew Mulatu , Amsalu Bezabh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of substance use among Dire Dawa University students. In Ethiopia, substance abuse is a prevailing problem in developing countries. The study was employed a cross-sectional survey design, and the total sample size was 388. The study employed a multistage sampling technique and the students were selected randomly from the population. The total sample size is 386. This study was used questionnaires. The research was employed descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the current study using SPSS. The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse, specifically, alcohol, chat, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine was 58.3%, 52.3%, 28.9%, 24.5%, and 14.5% respectively. Peer influence, mental health problems, academic factors, easy drug availability, trouble relationship with parents, and lack of regulation significantly predict substance abuse at R [0.68)=, p<0.05). Specifically, peer influence, drug availability and, mental problems were the major risk factors for abusing substances. The psychosocial risk factors of substance abuse were multiple pathways involved in the abuse of the substance. Thus, risk factors like psychological, social, and environmental factors mutually influence each other in causing substance abuse. The finding revealed that the level of substances abuse among DDU students across their socio-demographic characteristics; there is a significant mean difference (t = 3.1, p<0.05) in the level of substance abuse between males and females.
The Relationship Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Serum and 24-Hours Urine Mindin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dogan Ibrahim , Caglar Cagatay , Gursoy Ahmet , Kayadibi Huseyin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the 24-hours urine and serum mindin levels and the correlation with diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity. Methods: Our study included 26 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis without DR (Group 1), 25 patients with non-proliferative DR (Group 2), 25 patients with proliferative DR (Group 3) and 25 individuals as control group. Patients were compared in terms of serum and 24-hours urine mindin levels. Mindin measurements were performed by ELISA method. Results: Serum mindin levels were identified to be statistically lower in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between 24-hours mindin levels in the control group compared to Groups 1, 2 and 3 (p=0.046, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Correlation analyses identified a positive correlation between 24-hours urine mindin levels with severity of DR, HbA1c, proteinuria and insulin use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that HbA1c, urine mindin level and proteinuria were associated with DR. Serum mindin level was not found to be significant to predict for DR. Conclusion: 24-hours urine mindin levels were identified to be higher in patients with DM compared to non-diabetic control group. Urine mindin levels were also found to increase in correlation with the severity of DR. This is the first study to investigate the relationship between DR, blood and 24-hour urine mindin level.