bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Que sont les militants de gauche devenus dans le « Maroc inutile » ?
Authors: Benidir Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Dans la région Drâa-Tafilalet (Sud-Est du Maroc), les courtiers associatifs en développement ont émergé au début des années 1990 avec la dynamique des projets de la coopération pour le développement. Travailler à l’interface entre les bénéficiaires et les institutions du développement qu’ils assurent requiert pour eux de se distancier différemment de leurs appartenances idéologiques et politiques de gauche. Une catégorie d’entre eux met partiellement en veille d’anciennes dispositions du militantisme radical de l’ordre établi. Inversement, une autre réactive davantage certaines d’entre elles dans la conduite des projets. Pour ces quadragénaires majoritairement masculins et d’âge mur, les dispositions acquises au sein et en dehors de professionnel de l’Éducation nationale façonnent les représentations et les pratiques du courtage en développement. Faire cette intermédiation, soit par recyclage du passé militant ou par opportunité offerte par les projets, génère des ressources qui renforcent la carrière elle-même et la transforment vers d’autres univers de socialisation et d’autres métiers associatifs.
Initiatives morales et déviations pratiques en Indonésie
Authors: Facal Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

En Indonésie, malgré deux décennies d’ouverture démocratique, le poids des oligarchies reste prépondérant dans la vie politique. Leur maintien au pouvoir s’appuie sur des médiateurs susceptibles de convertir différents types de ressources au travers d’un répertoire discursif, idéel et pratique multiforme et d’un réseau dense de relations interpersonnelles. Je me concentre sur Alip, un médiateur politique dont la trajectoire fut ponctuée par une succession de statuts dans les secteurs du tourisme, du développement et de la philanthropie, et dans divers milieux religieux, politiques et économiques. Pour convertir les ressources d’action et de légitimité, Alip a profité de nouveaux espaces politiques offerts par la démocratisation et la décentralisation indonésiennes. Jouant de répertoires de normes multiples et enchâssées il conjugue une forte mobilité entre des espaces sociopolitiques interstitiels qu’il contribue à créer et, parallèlement, il stabilise l’accès aux ressources et vise leur accumulation.
Kaoutar Harchi du semblable au singulier
Authors: Harchi Kaoutar , Kaouès Fatiha 
Published: March 2022

Kaoutar Harchi est une écrivaine et une sociologue spécialiste de la littérature. Elle travaille sur les questions de mémoire partagée, de colonialité et de représentation des minorités. Dans l’entretien qu’elle nous accorde, elle évoque certains sujets qui saturent du débat public, tels que la race, le séparatisme ou l’« islamo-gauchisme ». Elle s’attarde sur le cas d’écrivains algériens francophones qu’elle a étudiés et dont le statut demeure ambigu, entre reconnaissance inaboutie et renvoi à une altérité irrévocable.
Du culte des ancêtres‑médiateurs au renversement de leurs statues ?
Authors: Hours Bernard 
Published: March 2022

Ce texte s’interroge sur le statut de médiateurs des grandes figures historiques de l’anthropologie dans une conjoncture idéologique ou apparaissent des postures éradicatrices allant jusqu’à renverser des statues symboles d’oppressions passées. À partir de l’évocation de figures de l’anthropologie britannique et française dont la carrière s’est déroulée a l’ombre d’une époque et de dispositifs coloniaux ou néocoloniaux l’auteur questionne la posture dite de la « cancel culture » avant de conclure que l’histoire ne s’efface pas plus que les violences multiples qu’elle a vues.
Ethnographier la prostitution sur internet
Authors: Rubio Vincent 
Published: March 2022

Cet article présente l’analyse réflexive du déroulement d’une enquête de terrain portant sur la prostitution étudiante en ligne. En revenant sur l’élaboration du dispositif de recueil de données, ainsi que sur certains aspects des résultats de la recherche, nous montrons comment en réalisant involontairement un travail d’observation participante de type ethnographique, nous n’en avons pris conscience qu’au cours des ultimes semaines de la recherche. Outre l’incapacité à maîtriser l’ensemble du déroulement du terrain, cette expérience montre comment l’activité de réflexivité, loin de se réduire au seul souci d’objectivation des données, peut contribuer à enrichir le matériau empirique en dévoilant de « nouvelles » données. Par ailleurs, ces éléments contribuent à la discussion de la question de la mobilisation de la méthode ethnographique dans le cyberespace.
Répressions d’état, politiques sécuritaires et stratégies de résistance
Authors: Codaccioni Vanessa , Rebeyrolle Marie , Puaud David 
Published: March 2022

Dans cet entretien, Vanessa Codaccioni analyse les modes de répression d’État, dont les dispositifs d’exception. Elle interroge également les politiques sécuritaires actuelles, emblématiques des théories de la gouvernance néolibérale, qui prônent la « vigilance » et la « résilience », la remise en cause du secret professionnel ou la délation intrafamiliale, et nous posent en entrepreneurs responsables de notre propre sécurité — y compris sanitaire — et celle des autres, dégageant ainsi l’État de toute responsabilité. Enfin, constatant que les gens ont majoritairement choisi la sécurité avant la liberté, elle esquisse trois types de stratégies de résistance face à l’appareil répressif et sa dynamique circulaire dans laquelle le besoin de sécurité et les usages politiques de la peur se répondent indéfiniment.
Recall of Intensive Care Unit Stay in Critical Illness Survivors in Southeast Iran
Authors: Razban Farideh , Arab Mansoor , Radfar Ali , Karzari Zahra , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen Askari 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIn survivors of critical illness, recall of an intensive care unit stay plays an important role in the development of post–intensive care unit syndrome, which includes psychological impairment after intensive care unit discharge.ObjectiveTo investigate memories of the intensive care unit among survivors in southeast Iran.MethodsIn this descriptive study, the intensive care unit memory tool was used to assess patients’ memories of intensive care units.ResultsAll participants (N = 100) had 1 or more factual memories (89%), memories of feelings (66%), or delusional memories (34%) from the intensive care unit. Patients who received mechanical ventilation were 4 times as likely to have delusional memories as those who did not receive mechanical ventilation. Unmarried patients were 4.8 times as likely as married patients to have memories of feelings from the intensive care unit.ConclusionsSteps should be taken to minimize distressing memories of an intensive care unit admission. Follow-up programs should take into account the psychological problems faced by intensive care unit survivors.
Quality of life of 8- to 12-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder in Colombo district, Sri Lanka; perspective of primary caregivers
Authors: De Silva Y. , Wijesekara Saraji 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a restricted repertoire of activities and interests. As it is a condition which persists in one's entire life, maintaining a good Quality of Life (QoL) in such children is essential. The objective of the study was to assess the QoL in 8 to12- year- old children diagnosed with ASD who are attending autism clinics in two major hospitals in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out among the caregivers of 8 to12- year-old children with ASD attending two major hospitals in Colombo. Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was used to assess the QoL in the children, according to the perception of the caregivers. Results: Thirty-five caregivers were included in the study. Majority of the caregivers were mothers. Mean (SD) age of the children studied was 9.6 (±1.6) years. The median total score was 64.44. The median physical functioning, median emotional functioning, the median social functioning and the median social functioning scores were 81.25, 65.0, 40.0 and 35.0 respectively. The median psychosocial functioning score derived by combined scores of emotional, social and school functioning was 48.0, and it was lower than the median physical functioning score. Conclusion: The QoL of this group of children with ASD attending autism clinics in two major hospitals in Colombo district were poor with the psychosocial component being more affected than the physical component.
Research on occupational diseases in the absence of occupational data: a mixed-method study among cancer registries of Western Switzerland
Authors: Plys Ekaterina , Bovio Nicolas , Arveux Patrick , Bergeron Yvan , Bulliard Jean-Luc , Elia Nadia , Fournier Evelyne , Konzelmann Isabelle , Maspoli Manuela , Rapiti Aylward Elisabetta , Guseva Canu Irina 
Published: March 2022

The contribution of occupation-related diseases to the global burden of disease is greatly underestimated, mainly due to a shortage of occupational exposure data. This problem is particularly salient in Switzerland, where no estimates of occupation-related disease burden exist, even for the well-recognised occupational cancers, such as malignant pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer.
To overcome this situation, we launched a research project “Examining Cancers and Labour Indicators to assess the Burden” (ExCaLIBur). Within this project, we aimed to assess the need for and quality (i.e., completeness, accuracy and precision) of occupation registration in all cancer registries of Western Switzerland. We also aimed to find a relevant and feasible strategy to collect this information in the future.
We applied a mixed research method. We observed that, independently of the level of precision (5-3-2-1-digit aggregation level), the accuracy was lesser in the registries that were able to actively search and verify occupational information. Overall, the distinction of occupations based on the 3-digit code presents an acceptable compromise in terms of precision. Having such occupations registered in all, or most, Swiss cancer registries routinely would obviously be valuable for epidemiological surveillance of occupational cancers in Switzerland. However, it seems less obvious how these data could fulfill the research objectives, since a better precision than 3-digit occupational coding is challenging to achieve.
Currently, the collection of occupational data by the Swiss cancer registries remains feasible in the frame of specific research projects on occupational cancers. However, available data sources, as well as lack of financial and human resources, will continue to affect quality of the collected occupation data. Therefore, the usage of the standardised questionnaire retracing the individual occupational history to enable further assessment of individual exposure to potential occupational hazards is recommended. However, this approach will disable the Swiss registries to insuring their epidemiological surveillance mission with respect to occupational cancers in Switzerland, for which national statistics remain limited.
The mental distress of our youth in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Berger Gregor , Häberling Isabelle , Lustenberger Alana , Probst Fabian , Franscini Maurizia , Pauli Dagmar , Walitza Susanne 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence from population-based surveys suggest that the psychological well-being of adolescents has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic itself, as well as by the safety measures implemented. The rationale of the study was to investigate the influence of the pandemic on psychiatric emergency service use, psychiatric admissions rates, emotional well-being, suicidality and self-harm behaviour in help-seeking children and adolescents.
METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of electronic patient records before and during the COVID-19 pandemic from the emergency out-patient facility of the department of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy of the Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich. The frequency of all emergency service contacts from 1 January 2019 to 31 June 2021 were described and the frequency of records compared in half-year intervals. Emotional well-being, behavioural problems, suicidality and self-harm were estimated based on the mental state examination notes of electronic patient records from the 1 March to the 30 April for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021.
RESULTS: After an initial decline in emergency contacts at the beginning of the first lockdown, the use of the centralised emergency service increased during the subsequent months and has since stabilised at a significantly higher level than before the pandemic. Comparison of emergency contacts in the first half of 2019 with the first half of 2021 shows that the number of emergency phone contacts nearly doubled, emergency outpatient assessments increased by 40%, emergency bridging interventions increased by 230%, and inpatient admissions of minors to adult psychiatric inpatient units more than doubled because of lack of service capacity in child and adolescent psychiatry. The proportion of adolescents who reported suicidal ideation increased significantly by 15%, from 69% to 84%, and the proportion of adolescents who reported self-harm behaviour increased by 17%, from 31% to 48%.
CONCLUSION: We found a significant increase in psychiatric service use, as well as in reported serious mental health symptoms such as suicidality and self-harm behaviour in help-seeking children and adolescents in the course of the pandemic. The child and adolescent psychiatric healthcare system is overburdened and down-referral of adolescents in need of ongoing therapy is becoming increasingly difficult. We recommend prioritising preventive and therapeutic measures to support the mental health of our children and adolescents alongside the somatic management of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Basic life support knowledge among Swiss conscripts: a national multicentre survey
Authors: Durr Dimitri , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Ageron François-Xavier , Stanga Zeno , Schneider Antoine , Maudet Ludovic , Beysard Nicolas 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Basic life support (BLS) is the first link in the chain of survival and should be performed by every lay rescuer. Although international studies have suggested that BLS knowledge was poor among the overall population, Swiss data are scarce. Our objective in this study was to evaluate BLS knowledge among Swiss conscripts, a semi-representative sample of Swiss young adults, during the recruitment process and to identify potential characteristics related to performance.
METHODS: A short online voluntary anonymous survey was proposed to Swiss conscripts called to duty in the six national recruiting centres of the Swiss Armed Forces during an 8-month period (2 February 2019 to 27 September 2019). The survey was available in three official languages (French, German, and Italian). Considered outcome was BLS knowledge evaluated on a Likert scale from 1 (very bad) to 6 (excellent). Univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between BLS knowledge and participants’ characteristics.
RESULTS: Among the 19,247 conscripts called to service during the study period, 737 replied to the survey. Among them, 735 were included in the analyses (mean age 19.8 years [± 2.1]). Of these, 144 (20%) had never received any BLS training. The BLS knowledge survey was completely answered by 670 participants (91%). 157 participants (23%) reached a BLS knowledge score ≥5. Out of 695 answers, 142 (20%) did not know the Swiss emergency phone number. Out of 670 answers, 364 (54%) believed that CPR could worsen the health status of a person in cardiac arrest, whereas 413 (62%) agreed that BLS training should be mandatory in secondary school. German as native language (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–.8)], receipt of BLS training (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.0–4.8), and female gender were associated with a higher BLS knowledge score. Time since the last BLS training of ≥3 years (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.7) and unemployment (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.9) were associated with a lower BLS knowledge score. We found substantial agreement between conscripts’ scores and their self-assessments (weighted kappa with 74% agreement).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the emergency phone number and BLS principles was poor among Swiss conscripts participating in the study. However, their awareness and motivation is high. The effect of training during boot camp should be evaluated in further studies. Focusing on BLS training is essential and should be promoted in educational and professional contexts.
PhytophthoraDecline of Alder (Alnusspp.) in Europe
Authors: Cech Thomas L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn several European countries, alder (Alnus glutinosaandA. incana) growing along rivers is threatened by a decline that is consistently related to stem necrosis caused byPhytophthora. It was first thought to be a form ofPhytophthora cambivora, but morphological differences as well as its homothallism indicate a new species. High pathogenicity onA. glutinosaandA. incanahave been proven by experiments in Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Germany. At present the disease is widespread in Great Britain, whereas in Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden only a few cases have been reported. In Austria, decline ofA. glutinosawas observed in 1986 and 1996. Symptoms include simultaneous crown decline, preceded by abnormally small leaves, stem necrosis, and exudates from the bark resulting in tarry spots. Cracks at the stem base with strong callus formation suggest earlier attacks or mechanical injuries prior to infection. Several timesPhytophthorawas isolated, and it showed high similarity to British strains. In addition, other bark-attacking fungi were identified, among themPhomopsis alnea, Ophiovalsa suffusa, Pleomassaria holoschista, andPezicula cinnamomea. Probable predispositions, such as drought periods followed by heavy rainfall, and severe winter frost are discussed along with practical control measures, such as fungicide treatment.
Comparison of the Frictional Properties of Several Popular Arborist Blocks
Authors: Donzelli Peter S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommercial arborists spend much of the workday managing friction. In some places, friction is needed, but in others it can be a hindrance; the arborist block is one place friction is not wanted. This device is attached to the tree and supports a rope used to lower wood during pruning or removal operations. When a short section of rope is led from the wood to the block, then a much longer section from the block to the ground, friction will cause the force in the short leg to be larger. This short leg of rope, with limited rope fiber, is required to absorb more energy than the corresponding longer leg. In the extreme case, this may lead to failure of the rope, and hence motivates the desire to quantify the friction that may be present in this device. Three blocks were tested for the coefficient of static friction during raising and lowering. The friction coefficient was nonlinear with the load being managed, and ranged from 0.049 to 0.99 over all the loads and among the 3 blocks.
Identification of Alternative Hosts ofXylella fastidiosain the Washington, D.C., area using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: McElrone Andrew J. , Sherald James L. , Pooler Margaret R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA survey of 27 herbaceous and woody plant taxa was conducted to identify possible alternative hosts of the xylem-limited bacterium,Xylella fastidiosa. Samples were collected from wild and cultivated plants inhabiting and surrounding the National Park Service Daingerfield Island Nursery in Alexandria, Virginia, and from national parks in Washington, D.C. These samples were analyzed using up to 3 different bacterial extraction methods and a 2-step, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using oligonucleotide primers specific toX. fastidiosa. Six out of the 27 sampled plant taxa tested positive.Acer negundo, Aesculus×hybrid, Celastrus orbiculata, Cornus florida, andHedera helixhave not been previously confirmed as hosts, whileVitisspecies have been described as wild and cultivated hosts in numerous studies. Eleven of the 27 taxa could not be tested due to failure to amplifyX. fastidiosaDNA in the positive controls, regardless of the extraction method.
Effects of Pruning in the Management of Dogwood and Pine Branch Dieback in the Landscape
Authors: Moorman Gary W. , Lease Roxanne J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScots pines (Pinus sylvestrisL.) at 2 locations and dogwoods (Cornus floridaL.) at 1 location were observed for branch dieback from spring 1996 through autumn 1998. Some trees at each location were comprehensively pruned to eliminate dead twigs and branches and compared to trees not pruned. Of the branch-killing fungi present,Sphaeropsiswas the most important in the pines, and Disculα andBotryosphaeriawere the prominent ones in the dogwoods. We concluded that comprehensive pruning of branches killed by fungi significantly improves the appearance of Scots pines and dogwoods but does not totally eliminate disease from the trees.
ASPECTOS RELEVANTES SOBRE OS TESTES DE APTIDÃO FÍSICA: LEGALIDADE, PERTINÊNCIA, CASOS FORTUITOS, CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS PESSOAIS, EXECUÇÃO EM CONDIÇÕES ADVERSAS E GRAVIDEZ
Authors: Verzola Fabio Carvalho 
Published: March 2022

RESUMO: Objetiva-se discorrer sobre especificidades do teste físico aplicado em concursos públicos. Nesse jaez, serão analisadas questões relativas à legalidade e a pertinência da exigibilidade Além de demonstrar se os casos fortuitos, circunstâncias pessoais, ou mesmo execução em condições adversas de execução da prova, e gravidez podem ser usadas como escusa para remarcação da prova física. Daí a importância deste trabalho ao mostrar o correto uso da avaliação física, para que ao proteger o primado da legalidade, seja possível selecionar os candidatos mais aptos para o exercício de funções públicas. De sobremaneira porque ao evitar requisitar testes físicos de atividades intelectuais ou burocráticas, a exemplo de escrivães de polícia ou de médicos que concorram para prover cargos na polícia militar, por exemplo, arrisca-se a possibilidade de desprezar os candidatos mais técnicos em detrimento dos mais preparados fisicamente. Não sendo, portanto, um requisito legítimo de acesso ao cargo, porquanto não seja adequado às atribuições das funções públicas aludidas. Ademais, para realização desta pesquisa, destaca-se o uso do método bibliográfico, assim como pesquisa jurisprudencial, acrescida da opinião do autor, e de regras de hermenêutica. Sem olvidar que será apresentada possível solução para a ausência de critérios legais para a efetivação da prova física após a suspensão para o gozo da licença maternidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Teste físico; aspectos relevantes.