bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem solving of wild animals in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia
Authors: Rowell Misha K. , Rymer Tasmin L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile many species of animals can solve food‐baited problems, most studies are conducted in captivity, which may not reflect the natural behavioural and cognitive abilities of wild animals. As few studies have explored problem solving of Australian animals generally, we investigated the problem solving abilities of native Australian species in natural rainforest in the Wet Tropics of Queensland. We baited multiple types of puzzles (matchbox task, cylinder task, and tile and lever tasks on a Trixie Dog Activity Board) with different food types (seeds, fruit, sardines) and placed the puzzles in front of trail cameras. We noted the species captured on camera, whether or not individuals interacted with the puzzles, the number of interactions with puzzles, and whether or not different animals solved them. We found that seven species from multiple taxa (mammals, birds, reptiles) could solve food‐baited problems in the wild, providing the first evidence of problem solving in these native species. As problem solving may help animals cope with anthropogenic threats, these results provide some insights into which Wet Tropics species may potentially be more vulnerable and which ones might be better at coping with changing conditions.
Pleiotropic architectures of porcine immune and growth trait pairs revealed by a self‐product‐based transcriptome method
Authors: Han Pingping , Wang Chao , Zhang Wei , Wu Yalan , Wang Daoyuan , Zhao Shuhong , Zhu Mengjin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPleiotropy is an important biological phenomenon with complicated genetic architectures for multiple traits. To date, pleiotropy has been mainly identified by multi‐trait genome‐wide association studies, but this method has its disadvantages, and new developments for pleiotropy detection methods are needed. Here we define a novel metric, self‐product, to measure individual‐level co‐variation of two traits, and develop a novel self‐product‐based transcriptome method to detect pleiotropic genes (PGs). Our method was tested using four immune–growth trait pairs and four immune–immune trait pairs in pigs. Comparative transcriptome analyses identified hundreds of candidate PGs related to eight trait pairs from two tails of self‐product distribution. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that most of identified PGs were involved in immune‐ or growth‐related biological processes. We established PG interaction networks to exhibit core genes shared by eight trait pairs, of which CCL5 and IL‐10 genes were the hub genes. Genetic association analyses showed that SmaI‐polymorphisms of CCL5 and IL‐10 genes had significant associations with phenotypic co‐variations of multiple trait pairs, indicating that the variants in pleiotropic genes were also pleiotropic variants. Taken together, the validity of our proposed method was preliminarily verified, and our findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of pleiotropic architectures of immune and growth trait pairs in pigs.
Quality and readability of online patient information on the left ventricular assist device
Authors: Rouhi Armaun D. , Han Jason J. , Ghanem Yazid K. , Pervaiz Sahir S. , Suarez‐Pierre Alejandro , Choudhury Rashikh A. , Bermudez Christian A. , Williams Noel N. , Dumon Kristoffel R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs patients seek online health information to supplement their medical decision‐making, the aim of this study is to assess the quality and readability of internet information on the left ventricular assist device (LVAD).MethodsThree online search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo) were searched for “LVAD” and “Left ventricular assist device.” Included websites were classified as academic, foundation/advocacy, hospital‐affiliated, commercial, or unspecified. The quality of information was assessed using the JAMA benchmark criteria (0–4), DISCERN tool (16–80), and the presence of Health On the Net code (HONcode) accreditation. Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease score.ResultsA total of 38 unique websites were included. The average JAMA and DISCERN scores of all websites were 0.82 ± 1.11 and 52.45 ± 13.51, respectively. Academic sites had a significantly lower JAMA mean score than commercial (p < 0.001) and unspecified (p < 0.001) websites, as well as a significantly lower DISCERN, mean score than commercial sites (p = 0.002). HONcode certification was present in 6 (15%) websites analyzed, which had significantly higher JAMA (p < 0.001) and DISCERN (p < 0.016) mean scores than sites without HONcode certification. Readability was fairly difficult and at the level of high school students.ConclusionsThe quality of online information on the LVAD is variable, and overall readability exceeds the recommended level for the public. Patients accessing online information on the LVAD should be referred to sites with HONcode accreditation. Academic institutions must provide higher quality online patient literature on LVADs.
Outpatient prescription of pulmonary vasodilator therapy to preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Jeremiasen Ida , Tran‐Lundmark Karin , Dolk Mikaela , Naumburg Estelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in children born preterm is largely unknown. Our aim was to map prescription patterns in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Sweden.MethodsThis was a descriptive national registry‐based study of children <7 years who had been prescribed a pulmonary vasodilator during 2007–2017, were born preterm and classified as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Information on prescriptions, patient characteristics and comorbidities were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and linked to other national registers.ResultsThe study included 74 children, 54 (73%) born at 22–27 weeks' gestation and 20 (27%) at 28–36 weeks. Single therapy was most common, n = 64 (86.5%), and sildenafil was prescribed most frequently, n = 69 (93%). Bosentan, iloprost, macitentan and/or treprostinil were used mainly for combination therapies, n = 10 (13.5%). Patent ductus arteriosus or atrial septal defect were present in 29 (39%) and 25 (34%) children, respectively, and 20 (69%) versus 3 (12%) underwent closure. Cardiac catheterisation was performed in 19 (26%) patients. Median duration of therapy was 4.6 (1.9‐6.8, 95% CI) months. Mortality was 9%.ConclusionPreterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were prescribed pulmonary vasodilators, often without prior catheterisation. Sildenafil was most commonly used. Diagnostic tools, effects, and drug safety need further evaluation.
Parental perspectives of outcomes following very preterm birth: Seeing the good, not just the bad
Authors: Milette Audrey‐Anne , Richter Lindsay L. , Bourque Claude Julie , Janvier Annie , Pearce Rebecca , Church Paige Terrien , Synnes Anne , Luu Thuy Mai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo describe parental perspective on health and developmental outcomes of their preterm child in relation to level of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).MethodsA parental survey about their children aged 15–36 months corrected age born ˂29 weeks' gestation investigated parental concerns and positive attributes. Parental responses in relation to their child's level of NDI were examined using Kruskal‐Wallis and chi‐square for trend tests.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐nine parental responses were obtained for 163 children, including 44% with NDI. Vast majority of parents reported their children were developing well with good physical health. All parents, irrespective of NDI, reported their children were happy and had a positive personality. Appreciation of social interactions was higher for parents of children without versus with NDI (96% vs. 87%, p = 0.039). Parents of children with NDI were more likely to express concerns than those without NDI. Overall, development was the most common area of concern (45%), followed by the child's future (40%) and physical health (35%).ConclusionParents of preterm children report many positive points and concerns, some of which are not examined in neonatal follow‐up data. These parental perspectives could be used to inform parents of preterm infants, both antenatally and in the neonatal unit.
Manager bonding and the technical efficiency of cooperative credit unions‐parametric and non‐parametric analyses
Authors: Adusei Michael , Poku Kwasi , Akomea Samuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe engage parametric and non‐parametric approaches to analyze unbalanced data (2012–16) from 225 credit unions in Ghana. The non‐parametric analysis involves using data envelopment analysis to assess the technical efficiency of the credit unions. We show that most of them are not technically efficient. The average five‐year overall technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency scores of a credit union are 0.87 and 0.91 respectively. Targeted at inquiring whether manager bonding significantly connects with the technical efficiency of credit unions, the parametric analysis which involves the use of probit and logit regression techniques, shows that, generally, the bonding of managers hurts the technical efficiency of credit unions. We are, thus, led to the conclusion that bonding of managers may not be in the best interest of credit unions in Ghana.
Review: Digital experiences and their impact on the lives of adolescents with pre‐existing anxiety, depression, eating and nonsuicidal self‐injury conditions – a systematic review
Authors: Kostyrka‐Allchorne Katarzyna , Stoilova Mariya , Bourgaize Jake , Rahali Miriam , Livingstone Sonia , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundPublished systematic reviews provide evidence linking positive and negative digital experiences to adolescent mental health. However, these reviews focus on the general public rather than the digital experiences of adolescents with different pre‐existing mental health conditions and so may be limited in their clinical relevance. We review publications relating to anxiety, depression, eating disorders and nonsuicidal self‐injury to identify common and condition‐specific digital experiences and how these may be implicated in the origins and maintenance of these mental health conditions.MethodsA systematic literature search using a combination of mental health, digital experience (including social media use), and age of the target population terms was conducted on four databases. Detailed findings from the included studies were summarised using a combination of thematic and narrative methods.ResultsFive qualitative and 21 quantitative studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion (n = 5021). Nine studies included adolescents with depression, one with eating problems, two with nonsuicidal self‐injury and 14 with multiple emotional health conditions. The review identified six themes related to the target populations' digital experiences: (a) social connectivity and peer support; (b) escape and/or distraction; (c) social validation and social comparison; (d) accessing/creation of potentially harmful content; (e) cyberbullying; and (f) difficulties with self‐regulation during engagement with digital media.ConclusionsDigital practices of adolescents with pre‐existing clinical vulnerabilities are complex and encompass a range of positive and negative experiences, which appear to have common elements across different clinical populations. The literature is currently too limited to identify disorder‐specific practices, with too few direct or indirect comparisons between conditions.
Limb expression 1‐like protein promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance via nucleolin‐mediated ribosomal RNA synthesis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Minglei , Zhang Jiaxi , Meng Xue , Liu Bei , Xie Shelly M. , Liu Fang , Yao Demin , Zhang Jingguo , Shen Haitao , Xing Lingxiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLimb expression 1‐like protein (LIX1L) might be an RNA‐binding protein involved in post‐transcriptional regulation. However, little is known regarding the biological function and mechanism of LIX1L in cancer cells. Here we demonstrate a clear correlation between LIX1L expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in 81 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, suggesting that LIX1L is a mesenchymal marker. Besides, LIX1L expression is obviously elevated in TGFβ1‐induced EMT NSCLC cells and enhances cell migration, invasion, anoikis resistance, epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) resistance, and proliferation. Interestingly, the increased LIX1L expression prominently localizes to the nucleoli, where it physically interacts with the key ribosome biogenesis regulator NCL protein, inducing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis in EMT NSCLC cells. NCL knockdown or inhibition of rRNA synthesis reverses the enhanced EMT functions and proliferation ability caused by LIX1L overexpression in NSCLC cells, indicating that NCL expression and rRNA synthesis participates in LIX1L‐mediated biological functions during EMT. Collectively, our findings suggest that the LIX1L–NCL–rRNA synthesis axis is a novel EMT‐activated mechanism. Targeting the pathway might be a therapeutic option for EMT and EGFR‐TKI resistance in NSCLC.
Characterization of myeloid signature genes for predicting prognosis and immune landscape in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Shi Yubo , Zhu Zhijie , Fu Jun , Liu Dong , Liu Xincheng , Dang Jingyi , Tao Huiren , Fan Hongbin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMyeloid cells as a highly heterogeneous subpopulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are intimately associated with tumor development. Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is characterized by abundant myeloid cell infiltration in the TME. However, the correlation between myeloid signature genes (MSGs) and the prognosis of EWS patients was unclear. In this research, we synthetically characterized the expression of MSGs in a training cohort and classified EWS patients into two subtypes. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that MSGs subtypes correlated closely with different immune statuses. Furthermore, a three‐gene prognostic model (CTSD, SIRPA, and FN1) was constructed by univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox analysis, and it showed excellent prognostic accuracy in EWS patients. We also developed a nomogram for better predicting the long‐term survival of EWS. Functional enrichment analysis showed immune‐related pathways were distinctly different in the high‐ and low‐risk groups. Further analysis revealed that patients in the high‐risk group were tightly associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Finally, we validated the expression of these candidate genes by Western blot (WB), qPCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. To sum up, our study identified that the MSGs model was strongly linked to prognostic prediction and immune infiltration in EWS patients, providing novel insights into the clinical treatment and management of EWS patients.
Parents' experiences of their child's transition from tube to oral feeding during an intensive intervention programme
Authors: Lively Emily Jane , McAllister Sue , Doeltgen Sebastian Heinrich 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersistent enteral tube feeding beyond the point of medical and/or physical necessity provides important nutrition to a child but may have implications for their development, gastrointestinal tract and quality of life. Tube dependency can affect parent–child relationships and sibling and family dynamics and place additional medical demands upon parents. It is therefore important to transition children from tube to oral eating and drinking as soon as is medically safe to do so. Tube weaning requires a skilled team to support the transition to oral intake; however, access to experienced teams is inconsistent. Without transparent discussions with their treating teams, many parents are left to navigate tube weaning options independently.MethodsFourteen parents were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. We explored the experiences of parents across their child's progression towards oral feeding, from the decision‐making process to undertaking an intensive multi‐disciplinary tube weaning programme. Thematic analysis of the parents' stories shaped the development of seven themes.ResultsParents were unaware that tube weaning would be required and how that would be facilitated. They expressed a strong belief that their child could learn to eat—if afforded an opportunity. Furthermore, parents are prepared to disengage from current services if they feel they are not respected members of their child's therapeutic team. Three key learnings were identified relating to the need for tube exit plans, parents as key team members and parents as change agents.ConclusionsParenting a tube‐fed child, initiating and engaging in tube weaning, is a stressful and emotional journey. However, by establishing care partnerships, parents are willing to put trust in a process if provided with options and afforded autonomy, empowerment, acknowledgement and relevant support.
Plasma inflammatory biomarkers in cerebral small vessel disease: A review
Authors: Wan Shuling , Dandu Chaitu , Han Guangyu , Guo Yibing , Ding Yuchuan , Song Haiqing , Meng Ran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of pathological processes affecting small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and small veins of the brain. It is one of the most common subtypes of cerebrovascular diseases, especially highly prevalent in elderly populations, and is associated with stroke occurrence and recurrence, cognitive impairment, gait disorders, psychological disturbance, and dysuria. Its diagnosis mainly depends on MRI, characterized by recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and brain atrophy. While the pathophysiological processes of CSVD are not fully understood at present, inflammation is noticed as playing an important role. Herein, we aimed to review the relationship between plasma inflammatory biomarkers and the MRI features of CSVD, to provide background for further research.
Multiple sclerosis as a model to investigate SARS‐CoV‐2 effect on brain atrophy
Authors: Rebsamen Michael , Friedli Christoph , Radojewski Piotr , Diem Lara , Chan Andrew , Wiest Roland , Salmen Anke , Rummel Christian , Hoepner Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionData on structural brain changes after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 is sparse. We postulate multiple sclerosis as a model to study the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on brain atrophy due to the unique availability of longitudinal imaging data in this patient group, enabling assessment of intraindividual brain atrophy rates.MethodsGlobal and regional cortical gray matter volumes were derived from structural MRIs using FreeSurfer. A linear model was fitted to the measures of the matching pre‐SARS‐CoV‐2 images with age as an explanatory variable. The residuals were used to determine whether the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 volumes differed significantly from the baseline.ResultsFourteen RRMS patients with a total of 113 longitudinal magnetic resonance images were retrospectively analyzed. We found no acceleration of brain atrophy after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 for global gray matter volume (p = 0.17). However, on the regional level, parahippocampal gyri showed a tendency toward volume reduction (p = 0.0076), suggesting accelerated atrophy during or after infection.ConclusionsOur results illustrate the opportunity of using longitudinal MRIs from existing MS registries to study brain changes associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. We would like to address the global MS community with a call for action to use the available cohorts, reproduce the proposed analysis, and pool the results.
The impacts of free‐roaming cats cannot be generalized and their role in rodent management should not be overlooked
Authors: Badenes‐Pérez Francisco Rubén 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCats, Felis catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae), were domesticated because of their role in rodent control around human settlements. Free‐roaming cats (henceforth, referred to as “cats”) can predate on a wide variety of small‐ to medium‐sized animals and affect biodiversity. The impact of cats on biodiversity varies from country to country, region to region, and habitat to habitat. Depending on the location and context, the overall impact of cats on biodiversity can be negative, neutral, or positive. Management of cats should take into account the complex interactions that occur between cats, rodents, and the species they prey upon.
The impact of postoperative cognitive impairment on mid‐term survival after heart transplantation
Authors: Xiong Tixiusi , Shi Jiawei , Zhang Jing , Sun Yongfeng , Wang Zhiwen , Wang Yixuan , Wang Guohua , Chen Si , Dong Nianguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplantation is the definitive therapy for patients with end‐stage heart failure. Antecedent studies reported that a substantial proportion of heart transplant recipients developed postoperative cognitive impairment in the long term. However, no studies have explored the association between postoperative cognitive impairment and survival after heart transplantation.MethodsThe data of 43 adult patients who underwent heart transplantation were consecutively enrolled and assessed using the MMSE and MoCA neuropsychological tests. Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analyses. Primary component analysis was performed to integrate MoCA subtests into the “Attention factor,” “Naming factor,” and “Orientation factor.”ResultsAbout 30% of the patients were diagnosed with short‐term postoperative cognitive impairment. The impairment group was older and had lower baseline cognitive performances, larger LV diameter, worse MMSE decline and higher ratio of significant MoCA decline. Postoperative cognitive impairment was significantly associated with worse survival (P = .028). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that higher postoperative MoCA score was significantly associated with lower mid‐term post‐transplant mortality (HR = .744 [.584, .949], P = .017), in which “Attention factor” contributed to this association most (HR = .345 [.123, .970], P = .044) rather than “Naming factor” or “Orientation factor.” Notably, preoperative cognitive impairment was closely related with postoperative cognitive impairment and also indicated the worse post‐transplant survival (P = .015).ConclusionPostoperative as well as preoperative cognitive impairments were associated with a worse mid‐term survival after heart transplantation, indicating that neuropsychological assessments before and after heart transplantation should be routinely performed for heart transplant recipients for better risk stratification.