bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation and Stability of Rh Particles on Noble Metal Films Immobilised on H+ Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolyte in Attaining Efficient Nitrate Removal
Authors: Ahsan Mohebul , Hossain Md Mosaraf , Almahri Albandary , Rahman Mohammed M. , Hasnat Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate, nitrite is often evolved as a product along with ammonia due to the sluggish nitrite‐to‐ammonia conversion process compared to the nitrate‐to‐nitrite conversion step. Rhodium metal has been proven to enhance nitrite‐to‐ammonia conversion rates, yielding ammonia as the only final product. In the present article, we have shown how effectively Rh nanoparticles immobilized on Pt and Pd films deposited on H+ conducting Nafion‐117 membranes eliminate intermediate nitrite ions during the progress of the nitrate reduction reaction in a flow type reactor. In this research, we also demonstrated the optimization of Rh nanoparticles on the cathode surface to attain effective nitrate reduction along with a reproducibility check. The dissolution of loosely held Rh nanoparticles on the cathodic surface was observed, which tends to be redeposited during cathodic electrolysis, causing stable performance. Finally, Tafel analysis was performed to show the relative kinetic feasibility of the Rh‐modified Pt and Pd electrodes in attaining nitrate reduction reactions in neutral medium.
Optimum tank size for large rainwater harvesting system
Authors: Sultana Rebeka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe efficiency of rainwater tank systems depends on tank size, local climate, and potable water demand. This study investigates optimum tank size to maximize water saving potential in semi‐arid Southern California using a simple daily water balance model. The model evaluates the performance of various tank varying sizes collecting rainwater from 10,000 m2 rooftop area of a college campus for the local historical dry, average, and wet years. Results show tank sizes of 130–630 m3 having 100% capture efficiency but system reliability varies from 2.8% to 37.75% in the dry to wet years, respectively. An optimal tank size range is derived from the reliability curves that represent the tank system performance in the local climate. Optimal tank size ranges from 180 to 240 m3, which can capture more than 64% of the roof runoff and thus the campus can reduce on an average 10% of urban water demand.
Impact of Compression on the Electrochemical Performance of the Sulfur/Carbon Composite Electrode in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chien Yu‐Chuan , Li He , Lampkin John , Hall Stephen , Garcia‐Araez Nuria , Brant William R. , Brandell Daniel , Lacey Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile lithium‐sulfur batteries theoretically have both high gravimetric specific energy and volumetric energy density, only its specific energy has been experimentally demonstrated to surpass that of the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion systems at cell level. One major reason for the unrealized energy density is the low capacity density of the highly porous sulfur/carbon composite as the positive electrode. In this work, mechanical compression at elevated temperature is demonstrated to be an effective method to increase the capacity density of the electrode by at least 90 % and moreover extends its cycle life. Distinct impacts of compression on the resistance profiles of electrodes with different thickness are investigated by tortuosity factors derived from both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray computed tomography and kinetic analysis based on operando X‐ray diffraction. The results highlights the importance of a homogeneous electrode structure highlight lithium‐sulfur system.
Direct moxibustion exerts an analgesic effect on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy by increasing autophagy via the Act A/Smads signaling pathway
Authors: Cai Hui‐Qian , Lin Xin‐Ying , Chen Hai‐Yan , Zhang Xi , Lin Yuan‐Yuan , Pan Shan‐Na , Qin Mei‐Xiang , Su Sheng‐Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDirect moxibustion (DM) is reported to be useful for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), but the analgesic mechanism remains unknown. Autophagy plays a protective role in neuronal apoptosis, Act A/Smads signaling pathway has been confirmed to be associated with the activation of autophagy. The study aimed to explore the effect of DM on autophagy in rats with CSR and the involvement of Act A/Smads signaling pathway.MethodsRats were randomly divided into Sham, CSR, CSR + DM, CSR + DM + 3‐MA (PI3K inhibitor), and CSR + DM + SB (Act A inhibitor) group. Three days after establishment of CSR model with a fish line inserted under the axilla of the nerve roots, DM at Dazhui (GV14) was performed six times once for seven consecutive days. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of the neuronal autophagy molecule LC3II/I, Atg7, and Act A/Smads signaling molecule Act A, p‐Smad2, and p‐Smad3. Bcl‐2/Bax mRNA expression was measured by real time PCR.ResultsDM improved the pain threshold and motor function of CSR rats and promoted the expression of Act A, p‐Smad2, p‐Smad3, LC3II/I, and Atg7 in the entrapped‐nerve root spinal dorsal horn. DM reduced the expression of Bax mRNA and decreased the number of apoptotic neurons. 3‐MA and Act A inhibitor SB suppressed the expression of above‐mentioned proteins and reduced the protective effect of DM on apoptotic neurons.ConclusionDM exerts analgesic effects by regulating the autophagy to reduce cell apoptosis and repair nerve injury, and this feature may be related to the Act A/Smads signaling pathway.
First‐line PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy for advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhai Jinzhao , Lu Jiangyue , Zhang Zhibo , Wang Yuan , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Sujie , Mu Shuai , Zhi Xiaoyu , Ge Xiangwei , Lu Di , Hu Yi , Wang Jinliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChemotherapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) or bevacizumab has demonstrated a superior effect for non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NS‐NSCLC). There are still few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the differences between ICI plus chemotherapy (ICI‐chemotherapy) and bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (Bev‐chemotherapy) in first‐line treatment of NS‐NSCLC. We identified RCTs in databases and conference abstracts presented at international conferences by Sep 1, 2021. Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed using randomized effect consistency model to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR). The outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and grade ≥ 3 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). Fifteen RCTs (17 articles) of 6561 advanced NS‐NSCLC patients receiving ICI‐chemotherapy, Bev‐chemotherapy, or chemotherapy at first‐line were eligible for analysis. NMA results showed that first‐line ICI‐chemotherapy prolonged OS (HR 0.79, 0.66–0.94) in patients with advanced NS‐NSCLC compared with Bev‐chemotherapy, while no differences were in PFS, ORR, and grade ≥ 3 TRAEs (p > 0.05). Ranking plots suggested that ICI‐chemotherapy had the most probability to offer the best OS (probability 0.993), PFS (probability 0.658), and ORR (probability 0.565), and Bev‐chemotherapy had the most risks of grade ≥ 3 TRAEs (probability 0.833). Therefore, our findings showed that first‐line ICI‐chemotherapy was associated with better OS than Bev‐chemotherapy in patients with advanced NS‐NSCLC, and more clinical trials are warranted to confirm these results.
Targeted therapy in lung cancer: Are we closing the gap in years of life lost?
Authors: Benjamin David J. , Haslam Alyson , Gill Jenny , Prasad Vinay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposePatients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbor driver mutations are associated with a cancer diagnosis at a younger age. While targeted therapies provide deep remissions and durable benefit in a subset of patients, it is unclear whether targeted therapies bridge the gap in years of life lost (YLL) in these younger NSCLC patients with targetable mutations in comparison to generally older NSCLC patients without actionable driver mutations.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study using landmark trials leading to the approval of targeted therapies in NSCLC with actionable mutations. We evaluated all targeted therapies as well as chemotherapy and IO regimens for the treatment of NSCLC through FDA Oncology Announcements and NCCN Guidelines for NSCLC (version 4.2021).ResultsWe estimated the YLL for each driver mutation, cumulative median duration of response (DOR) with targeted therapies by mutation type, and percentage of estimated improvement in YLL from NSCLC targeted therapies. The median ages at diagnosis (in years) for patients whose tumors express targetable mutations were: 47.6 (NTRK); 52.0 (ALK); 62.0 (HER2); 57.0 (ROS1); 61.4 (RET); 63.0 (BRAF); 69.0 (EGFR); and 72.0 (MET). For comparison, the median age at diagnosis for patients without driver mutations, regardless of PD‐L1 status was 71 years. The median DOR (in years) for patients whose tumors express the same mutations include: 0.9 (NTRK); 3.9 (ALK); 0.6 (HER2); 6.2 (ROS1); 2.2 (RET); 1.5 (BRAF); 3.1 (EGFR); and 2.4 (MET). The median DOR for patients without driver mutations was 1.2 years. The cumulative estimated survival time (years; median age at diagnosis plus the median DOR or OS) for patients whose tumors express targetable mutations were: 48.5 (NTRK); 55.9 (ALK); 62.6 (HER2); 63.2 (ROS1); 63.6 (RET); 64.5 (BRAF); 72.1 (EGFR); and 74.4 (MET). The cumulative estimated survival time for patients without driver mutations, regardless of PD‐L1 status, was 72.2 years of age. We calculated the number of years NSCLC is diagnosed earlier in patients with targetable mutations as follows: 23.4 (NTRK), 19 (ALK), 14 (ROS1), 11 (EGFR), 9.6 (RET), 9 (HER2), and 8 (BRAF). The percent difference (%) ameliorated in YLL by mutation type is as follows: 44.3 (ROS1), 28.2 (EGFR), 22.9 (RET), 20.5 (ALK), 18.8 (BRAF), 6.4 (HER2), and 3.7 (NTRK).ConclusionAlthough targeted therapies have paved the way for significant progress toward providing a survival benefit to many young patients with advanced NSCLC with actionable mutations, it is evident that these therapies still leave a wide gap in the YLL in these younger patients compared to generally older individuals with advanced NSCLC without targetable mutations.
Enzyme Inhibition Properties and Molecular Docking Studies of 4‐Sulfonate Containing Aryl α‐Hydroxyphosphonates Based Hybrid Molecules
Authors: Şahin İrfan , Bingöl Zeynebe , Onur Sultan , Güngör Seyit Ali , Köse Muhammet , Gülçin İlhami , Tümer Ferhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a series of new hybrid molecules containing two important functional groups on the same skeleton were designed. 4‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde and its two different derivatives were converted into their respective sulphonates by interacting with tosylchloride and methanesulfonyl chloride. Then, the desired molecules were synthesized by adding diethoxyphosphonate to the aldehyde group. Also, novel synthesis of hybrid compounds (4a–c and 5a–c) were tested toward some metabolic enzymes like carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The synthesis of hybrid compounds (4a–c and 5a–c) showed Ki values of in range of 25.084±4.73‐69.853±15.19 nM against hCA I, 32.325±1.67–82.761±22.73 nM against hCA II and 1.699±0.25 and 3.500±0.91 nM against AChE. For these compounds, compound 4c showed maximum inhibition effect against hCA I and hCA II isoenzymes and compound 5b showed maximum inhibition effect against AChE enzyme. By performing docking studies of the most active compounds for their binding modes and interactions were determined.
Exploration of Potent Cytotoxic Molecules from Fungi in Recent Past to Discover Plausible Anticancer Scaffolds
Authors: Shevkar Chaitrali , Pradhan Pranali , Armarkar Ashwini , Pandey Komal , Kalia Kiran , Paranagama Priyani , Kate Abhijeet S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFungi are known to produce diverse scaffolds possessing unique biological activities, however, to date, no molecule discovered from a fungal source has reached the market as an anti‐cancer drug. Every year number of cytotoxic molecules of fungal origin are getting published and critical analysis of those compounds is necessary to identify the potent ones. A review mentioning the best cytotoxic fungal metabolites and their status in the drug development was published in 2014. In this report, we have included 176 cytotoxic molecules isolated from fungi after 2014 and categorized them according to their potencies such as IC50 values below 1 μM, 1–5 μM, and 5–10 μM. The emphasis was given to those 42 molecules which have shown IC50 less than 1 μM and discussed to a great extent. This review shall provide potent scaffolds of fungal origin which can be given priority in the development as a drug candidate for cancer therapeutics.
Short duration phantosmia changes in a post‐COVID‐19 patient in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Nahin Sabrina , Fardous Jannatul , Rozars Md Faisal Kabir , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhantosmia is a condition in perceived odors that do not exist. Given the high outlook and swift recovery of COVID‐19‐induced olfactory dysfunction, the emphasis should be on patients presenting with a poor prognosis who might receive from early management to avoid sequelae such as olfactory dysfunction‐related phantosmia.
Necrotizing pneumonia caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hiramatsu Toshiki , Tobino Kazunori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a fatal case of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)‐induced necrotizing pneumonia that was refractory to adequate vancomycin treatment (trough value, 13.1 µg/ml), drainage of hydropneumothorax, and veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Despite appropriate treatment, MRSA infection can cause rapidly progressive disease with a high‐case fatality rate.
Colorless Magnetic Colloidal Particles Based on an Amorphous Metal‐Organic Framework Using Holmium as the Metal Species.
Authors: Fujita Yuta , Kohaku Kotona , Komiyama Nao , Ujiie Kazuya , Masu Hyuma , Kojima Takashi , Wadati Hiroki , Kanoh Hirofumi , Kishikawa Keiki , Kohri Michinari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHolmium (Ho) is a lanthanide element with a high magnetic moment. Here, we create an amorphous metal‐organic framework (MOF) that has no long‐range periodic order but retains the basic components of MOF by using isophthalic acid as an organic linker and Ho as a metal species. The resulting spherical Ho‐MOF particles disperse well in a solvent and exhibit excellent magnetic properties in response to magnets. Since Ho has almost no coloring, Ho‐MOF particles are a colorless magnetic material, unlike conventional iron oxide particles. Taking advantage of the colorless property, the selective adsorption of dyes on Ho‐MOF particles can be easily visually confirmed by magnetically separating the particles. In addition, present versatile processes that enable adaptation of lanthanide elements other than Ho enable the development of colorless multifunctional MOF particles.
Bioequivalence of Esaxerenone Conventional Tablet and Orally Disintegrating Tablet: Two Single‐Dose Crossover Studies in Healthy Japanese Men
Authors: Kurata Akifumi , Eto Takashi , Tsutsumi Junko , Igawa Yoshiyuki , Nishikawa Yasuhiro , Ishizuka Hitoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe assessed the bioequivalence of a single dose of 5‐mg of esaxerenone administered as an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) with the conventional oral tablet in healthy Japanese men. This single‐center, open‐label, randomized, two‐drug, two‐stage crossover, single‐dose study was conducted in two parts. In study 1, both formulations were taken with water. In study 2, only the ODT formulation was taken without water. The primary outcome was the evaluation of bioequivalence of the ODT and conventional tablet using the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve to the last quantifiable time (AUClast). Plasma concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method and PK parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. The ratios of the geometric least‐squares mean (2‐sided 90% confidence intervals [90%CIs]) for ODT with (study 1) and without (study 2) water to the conventional tablet were 1.03 (1.00–1.07) and 1.01 (0.96–1.06) for Cmax and 1.03 (1.00–1.07) and 0.96 (0.94–0.98) for AUClast, respectively. The 90%CIs fell within the predefined bioequivalence range of 0.80–1.25. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were similar between both formulations. In conclusion, esaxerenone 5‐mg ODT taken with or without water was bioequivalent to a single 5‐mg conventional oral tablet.
Do takeover threats influence corporate social responsibility? Evidence from hostile takeover vulnerability
Authors: Wongsinhirun Nopparat , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Phiromswad Piyachart 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTheory suggests that the market for corporate control, which constitutes an important external governance mechanism, may substitute for internal governance. Consistent with this notion, using a novel measure of takeover vulnerability primarily based on state legislation, we investigate the effect of the takeover market on corporate social responsibility performance. Using a sample of 9200 firms in the USA, the study finds that an exogenous increase in takeover protection decreases corporate social responsibility, consistent with the managerial myopia theory that managers tend to be myopic when more exposed to hostile takeover threats, making investments that show results in the short run at the expense of long‐term projects. Furthermore, corporate social responsibility is harder to evaluate due to information asymmetry and tends to be discounted in the short run. Additional robustness checks confirm the results, including fixed‐effects and random‐effects regressions, propensity score matching and instrumental‐variable analysis. Our results are unlikely driven by endogeneity.
A Coupled Ketoreductase‐Diaphorase Assay for the Detection of Polyethylene Terephthalate‐Hydrolyzing Activity
Authors: Gimeno‐Pérez María , Finnigan James D. , Echeverria Coro , Charnock Simon J. , Hidalgo Aurelio , Mate Diana M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the last two decades, several PET‐degrading enzymes from already known microorganisms or metagenomic sources have been discovered to face the growing environmental concern of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) accumulation. However, there is a limited number of high‐throughput screening protocols for PET‐hydrolyzing activity that avoid the use of surrogate substrates. Herein, a microplate fluorescence screening assay was described. It was based on the coupled activity of ketoreductases (KREDs) and diaphorase to release resorufin in the presence of the products of PET degradation. Six KREDs were identified in a commercial panel that were able to use the PET building block, ethylene glycol, as substrate. The most efficient KRED, KRED61, was combined with the diaphorase from Clostridium kluyveri to monitor the PET degradation reaction catalyzed by the thermostable variant of the cutinase‐type polyesterase from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190. The PET degradation products were measured both fluorimetrically and by HPLC, with excellent correlation between both methods.
Design of 0.1‐mV zero‐g and 200‐μg/√Hz capacitance accelerometer with high sensitivity readout circuit with time‐to‐digital convertor applied to finger tremor of neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Lin Wei‐Cheng , Chang Ming‐Chiu , Liao Chien‐Hung , Hsieh Chun‐Ting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFinger tremors occur in the early stage of brain disease such Parkinson's syndrome and dementia and are usually detected using inertial sensors such as triaxial gyroscopes or triaxial accelerometer to detect the finger tremor. But finger tremoring is a low‐acceleration and low‐frequency oscillation, and conventional gyroscopes and accelerometer cannot be used for the finger tremor detection. In this paper, we design and implement a single‐axis capacitance MEMS accelerometer, and a readout circuit with a Class AB amplifier with chopper technique and a time‐to‐digital convertor circuit with 1 bit for movement direction count and 8 bits for movement duration count. The proposed accelerometer and readout circuit can achieve 0.1‐mV low offset drift and 53‐mg offset at zero‐g, 200‐μg/√Hz noise density, and 720‐mV/g sensitivity. Mounting the proposed MEMS sensor on tremor index finger, measurement from time‐to‐digital convertor circuit shows twice time durations and a distinct count of changes in tremor finger movement. Monitoring movement durations through the proposed time‐to‐digital convertor circuit, it enables the clinicians to understand in a simple way whether finger tremors are associated with early dementia or Parkinson's syndrome, rather than just conventional amplitude voltage.
Patterns of genomic and allochronic strain divergence in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
Authors: Tessnow Ashley E. , Raszick Tyler J. , Porter Patrick , Sword Gregory A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpeciation is the process through which reproductive isolation develops between distinct populations. Because this process takes time, speciation studies often necessarily examine populations within a species that are at various stages of divergence. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is comprised of two strains (R = Rice & C = Corn) that serve as a novel system to explore population divergence in sympatry. Here, we use ddRADSeq data to show that fall armyworm strains in the field are largely genetically distinct, but some interstrain hybridization occurs. Although we detected F1 hybrids of both R‐ and C‐strain maternal origin, only hybrids with R‐strain mtDNA were found to contribute to subsequent generations, possibly indicating a unidirectional barrier to gene flow. Although these strains have been previously defined as “host plant‐associated,” we recovered an equal proportion of R‐ and C‐strain moths in fields dominated by C‐strain host plants. As an alternative to host‐associated divergence, we tested the hypothesis that differences in nightly activity patterns could account for reproductive isolation by genotyping temporally collected moths. Our data indicates that strains exhibit a significant shift in the timing of their nightly activities in the field. This divergence in phenology creates a prezygotic reproductive barrier that likely maintains the genetic isolation between strains. Thus, we conclude that it may be ecologically inaccurate to refer to the C‐ and R‐ strain as “host‐associated” and they should more appropriately be considered “allochronic strains.”