bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1441-P: Fidelity of BMI and Waist Circumference as Adiposity Measures in White and Black Adults
Authors: LIU ZHAO , PATEL AVNISHA A. , DAGOGO-JACK SAMUEL 
Published: May 2022

Background: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are routine clinical estimates of obesity. We tested the fidelity of BMI and WC against direct body fat measures in Black (B) vs. White (W) Americans.
Subjects and Methods: We analyzed the relationship between BMI vs. total fat, WC vs. trunk fat, and weight vs. lean fat free mass (FFM) in healthy B and W adults. Assessments included clinical exam, biochemistries and a 75-g OGTT. All subjects had normal fasting and 2-hr OGTT glucose levels. Total fat mass, trunk fat mass and FFM were measured using DXA.
Results: The participants (n=376; 217 B, 159 W) had an age range of 18-65 years and BMI range of 16.8-66.3 kg/m2 (mean 30.1) . The W vs. B values were: age 46.5 ± 10.5 vs. 42.5 ± 10.3 y, P=0.0003; BMI 28.8 ± 6.78 vs. 31.2 ± 7.40, P=0.0015; total fat mass 29.4 ± 13.21 vs. 31.8 ± 13.76 kg, P=0.11; trunk fat mass 14.77 ± 6.96 vs. 15.34 ± 7.50 kg, P=0.48; FFM 50.12 ± 11.9 vs. 53.± 11.74 kg, P= 0.03. There were tight correlations between adiposity measures: total fat and BMI (r=0.90 in W, 0.92 in B) ; trunk fat and WC (r=0.85 in W, 0.82 in B) ; FFM and weight (r=0.83 in W, 0.87 in B) , with heterogeneity by sex and race. White men and women (vs B) tended to have more body fat per unit BMI or WC and less FFM per unit weight. We assessed 3 integrated ratios (total Fat/BMI, trunk Fat/Waist, FFM/Weight) by sex and race. Total fat/BMI was higher (P&lt;0.0001) in W vs. B (men: 0.946 ± 0.159 vs. 0.833 ± 0.210; women: 1.36 ± 0.189 vs. 1.25 ± 0.164) . Trunk fat/waist was higher in W vs. B men (0.294 + 0.043 in W vs. 0.257 + 0.072, P=0.0046) but similar in women. In contrast, FFM/weight ratio showed no race disparities (men: 0.696 ± 0.055 vs. 0.678 ± 0.200; women: 0.586 ± 0.1vs 0.579 ± 0.076) . The proportion with &gt;3 metabolic syndrome markers was 24.5% in W and 15.7% in B.
Conclusion: Among otherwise healthy subjects with a wide BMI range, African Americans had lower body fat than Whites. This finding that argues for ethnic-specific BMI cut-offs for obesity classification.

Disclosure
Z.Liu: None. A.A.Patel: None. S.Dagogo-jack: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Merck & Co., Inc., Sanofi.

Funding
American Diabetes Association (7-07-MN-13) ; NIH, R01 DK067269
151-LB: Postprandial Glucose Metabolism Differs between Early Adolescents and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: RUCHI FNU , ROMERES DAVIDE , GURURAJ SUPRAJA , DEBOER MARK D. , BASU RITA , BASU ANANDA 
Published: May 2022

Postprandial glucose turnover in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been investigated. To do so, we studied adolescents (n=15, age 11.5±0.5 yrs, BMI 19±2.3 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.5±1%, diabetes duration 4.6±3 yrs) and adults (n=15, age 36.3±9.4 yrs, BMI 27.1±2.1 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.9±1.1%, diabetes duration 18.1±9.6 yrs) with T1D after a mixed meal. Healthy adults (n=14, age 26.9 ± 7 yrs, BMI 24.9±2.5 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.0±0.3%) served as controls. T1D subjects administered their customary insulin bolus dose at meal onset. Rates of endogenous glucose production (EGP) , meal glucose appearance (MRa) and glucose disappearance (Rd) were calculated by the triple tracer method with stable isotopes ([1-13C] glucose, [2-13C] glucose and [6, 6-2H2] glucose) . Integrated glucose excursions did not differ between adolescents and adults with T1D during early (0-120 min) and total (0-300 min) postprandial periods. While basal EGP at start of the meal was higher (p&lt;0.01) , integrated rates of EGP, MRa, Rd and glucose clearance were all lower (p&lt;0.03) in adolescents than in adults with T1D during the early postprandial period and were numerically lower (p=0.08) during the total postprandial period (Figure1) . Taken together, the data demonstrates significant differences in postprandial glucose metabolism between adolescents and adults with T1D. Additional studies are ongoing to determine the causes of these differences.

Disclosure
F. Ruchi: None. D. Romeres: None. S. Gururaj: None. M. D. Deboer: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. R. Basu: Consultant; Sparrow Pharmaceuticals Inc, Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca. A. Basu: Speaker's Bureau; Zealand Pharma A/S.

Funding
DK 124886, DK 085516, DK 029953
153-OR: Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Controls Glucose Metabolism through Adipose Tissue Lipolysis
Authors: AFFINATI ALISON , FLAK JONATHAN , KODUR NANDAN , HASHSHAM ABDULLAH , TOMLINSON ABIGAIL J. , KRAMER NADEJDA BOZADJIEVA , LI CHIEN , MYERS MARTIN G. 
Published: May 2022

The central nervous system (CNS) coordinates metabolic target organ function to optimize blood glucose levels, while dysregulation of this system leads to impaired glycemia. Attempts to improve glucose control through CNS targeting are hindered by a incomplete understanding of the specific neuronal populations involved and how these cells coordinate peripheral metabolic target organ function. We found that cholecystokinin b receptor-expressing neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN; VMNCCKBR neurons) mediate glucose mobilization during counter-regulatory responses to hypoglycemia and regulate glucose levels in normal and diabetic mice. Silencing VMNCCKBR neurons with tetanus toxin (CCKBRTT) attenuates hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice and decreases baseline blood glucose by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis despite decreased insulin and elevated glucagon. CCKBRTT mice have elevated hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression and normal glycemic responses to exogenous gluconeogenic substrates, suggesting that silencing VMNCCKBR neurons decreases blood glucose through impaired gluconeogenic substrate mobilization. To determine which gluconeogenic substrates contribute to VMNCCKBR-neuron mediated glucose production, we expressed channel rhodopsin in VMNCCKBR neurons to optogenetically activate VMNCCKBR neurons in freely moving mice. In addition to elevating plasma glucose, optogenetic activation resulted in a β3-adrenergic receptor-dependent increase in plasma ketones and glycerol, suggesting that VMNCCKBR neurons increase lipolysis though SNS innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) . Consistent with this observation, CCKBRTT mice exhibited decreased fasting plasma glycerol and in vivo lipolysis, while β3-agonist treatment elevated these appropriately. Hence, VMNCCKBR neuron-mediated SNS outflow to WAT promotes lipolysis to provide gluconeogenic substrates and support baseline blood glucose in mice.

Disclosure
A.Affinati: Other Relationship; Novo Nordisk A/S. J.Flak: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company. N.Kodur: None. A.Hashsham: None. A.J.Tomlinson: None. N.Bozadjieva kramer: None. C.Li: Employee; Novo Nordisk. M.G.Myers: Advisory Panel; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Research Support; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (F32DK122660)
163-LB: Impact of Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Concurrent Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) on Patients with COVID-19 (C-19)
Authors: NGUYEN CHI , CROWE CHRISTOPHER , KUTI EFFIE , NARSIPUR NIHAL , DONATO BONNIE M.K. , PEPE REBECCA S. , DJARAHER RACHEL L. , SEMAN LEO J. , GRAETER NANCY , POWER THOMAS P. , MEHRA RINKU , WILLEY VINCENT 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The association of T2D and severe C-19 outcomes has been reported, but data are scarce on whether pre-existing CVD impacts C-19 outcomes in T2D patients. This study compared the clinical outcomes among C-19 patients with pre-existing T2D, T2D+CVD, or neither.
Methods: Retrospective study of claims and lab data to identify C-19 patients from 3/1/20 - 5/31/21 and stratify them by the presence of T2D and CVD. Outcomes included hospital/ICU admission and mortality. Propensity score matching and multivariable analyses were performed.
Results: After matching, 6,967 patients were identified for each group with a mean follow-up of 5.4 months; minimal residual baseline differences remained. Adjusted analyses (Table) show that C-19 patients with T2D+CVD or T2D only were more likely to be admitted to the hospital/ICU than those with neither (all p &lt;0.01) , with the T2D+CVD group having greater odds. C-19 patients with T2D+CVD had a higher mortality risk compared to those with neither (p=0.02) . Among all T2D+CVD patients, acute respiratory distress syndrome (31%) , acute kidney disease (24%) , and ventilator use (8%) were observed.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the incrementally poorer outcomes associated with pre-existing T2D+CVD in C-19 patients and may suggest consideration of a more aggressive management approach in these patients with a less favorable prognosis.

Disclosure
C. Nguyen: Employee; HealthCore Inc. T. P. Power: None. R. Mehra: None. V. Willey: Employee; HealthCore Inc. C. Crowe: None. E. Kuti: Employee; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. N. Narsipur: Employee; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. B. M. K. Donato: Employee; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. R. S. Pepe: None. R. L. Djaraher: None. L. J. Seman: n/a. N. Graeter: Employee; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH.

Funding
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.
165-LB: The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Development of Hyperglycemic Crisis
Authors: MODZELEWSKI KATHERINE L. , ALEXANIAN SARA 
Published: May 2022

Hyperglycemic crisis (HC) has been reported in patients with COVID-19 infection, but there is little data about HC following COVID-19 vaccination, with 10 patients described to date. We performed a retrospective observational study examining the correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and HC in adult patients admitted from 1/1/21-7/1/21 at our institution. There were 91 admissions for HC during the study period. Forty-one were admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) , 2 of which also had hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) . In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) , there were 49 admissions for DKA, 6 of which also had HHS, and 1 admission for HHS alone. In patients with T1D, 17 admissions occurred following COVID-19 vaccination, ranging from &lt;24 hours to more than 3 months after, including 1 new diagnosis of T1D. All cases had a trigger of insulin omission or other medical illness, including 7 with admission for COVID-19 infection. In patients with T2D, 20 DKA or overlap admissions and 1 HHS admission occurred following COVID-19 vaccination, ranging from 1 to 40 days after. Six of these patients had no clear trigger of medical illness or insulin omission, 3 of which were new diagnoses of T2D. Two were following the first vaccination and 4 following the second vaccination. Hemoglobin A1c at admission was &gt;11% in all 6 of these patients. Among patients with T1D, there were no cases of HC that appeared to be attributable to COVID-19 vaccination. In patients with T2D, while there were six cases following vaccination with no other clear trigger, the degree of hemoglobin A1C elevation at the time of admission was suggestive of longer duration of poor glycemic control. Three of these cases did have acute symptom onset following vaccination within one week of presentation, so it is possible that HC was provoked by vaccination in these patients. While it is not clear that COVID vaccination leads to HC in T1D, it may be an acute trigger for HC in patients with T2D who have poor underlying glycemic control. Large scale population studies are needed to better assess rates of HC following COVID-19 vaccination.

Disclosure
K. L. Modzelewski: None. S. Alexanian: None.
167-LB: Persisting Disparity in Prevalence of Diabetes in Appalachian Region of Kentucky between 2016–2020
Authors: RAJ RISHI , SADEK BATOUL , SEETHA MALAVIKA , HASHEM MOHAMED , KANNAN LAKSHMI , BOULAY JUDES 
Published: May 2022

Background: People in the Appalachian region of KY face serious and unique health challenges influenced by socioeconomic status, rural location, and culture. Diabetes prevalence in the Appalachian region of KY is known to be consistently higher when compared to national and state-wide rates.
Objectives: Determine the prevalence trend of diabetes in the Appalachian Region of KY in the last five years and compare it with the prevalence rate in Non-Appalachian KY. Identify potential factors that influence higher diabetes prevalence in the Appalachian region of KY.
Methods: We obtained data from the 2016-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) , a cross-sectional telephone survey of U.S. residents, to collect data on health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services. Prevalence of diabetes in the United States, KY, Appalachian KY, and Non-Appalachian KY was obtained and plotted on a graph. Data on baseline variables such as gender, age, education level, annual household income, body mass index (BMI) , smoking status, and health insurance was also obtained.
Results: In comparison to the United States (10.5-10.9%) , the prevalence rate of diabetes was higher in KY (12.8-13.7 %) throughout 2016-2020. Diabetes prevalence was even higher in Appalachian KY (15.8-17.2%) compared to Non-Appalachian KY (11.2 -12.5%) . This gap in diabetes prevalence rate has persisted over the last 5 years. A cross tabulation analysis of socioeconomic variables identified higher diabetes prevalence among adults aged 50-64 years, education level less than high school, and annual income less than $25000 in Appalachian vs. Non-Appalachian KY.
Conclusion: This study highlights the persisting high prevalence of diabetes in Appalachian KY, compared to Non- Appalachian KY. Overall, adults with diabetes in the Appalachian Region of KY have lower education and lower annual household income. Efforts that focus on addressing the most significant differences between the Appalachian and Non-Appalachian regions of KY can help decrease the prevalence of diabetes in this region.

Disclosure
R. Raj: None. B. Sadek: None. M. Seetha: None. M. Hashem: None. L. Kannan: None. J. Boulay: None.
169-OR: Census Tract SES Coding to Assess Impact of the Pandemic on Care of Youth with T1D
Authors: ADAM ATIF , CHEN CHARLOTTE , OJUKWU SANDO , KAUSHAL TARA , TINSLEY LIANE J. , VOLKENING LISA K. , LAFFEL LORI M. 
Published: May 2022

The pandemic required altering care delivery to a hybrid model of telehealth and in-person visits. We evaluated if SES disparities during the pandemic impacted clinical visit adherence and CGM device use in youth with T1D. Retrospective EHR captured data on youth with T1D, ≤18 years old, with ≥1 clinical visit both pre-pandemic (9/15/18-3/15/20) and during the pandemic (4/1/20-12/22/21) . Patient addresses were geocoded to link with census tract SES measures from the 20American Community Survey. Low education status defined as ≥30% of residents having HS or lower education and low income as median household income ≤$40,000. Poisson and logistic regression models assessed appointment adherence and CGM device use, respectively, during the pandemic vs. pre-pandemic. Models were adjusted for age, gender, baseline A1c, and T1D duration. In both periods, 689 youth (age 13.8±3.3 years; male 49%; T1D duration 7.4 ±3.6 years) had clinical encounters. There were more visits in the pandemic vs. pre-pandemic (8 [IQR 5-11] vs. 6 [IQR 5-9], p&lt;.001) . In adjusted models, youth living in tracts with low education or low income had 1.16x (95% CI 1.06-1.27, p-.002) and 1.20x (95% CI 1.09-1.32, p&lt;.001) ,respectively, greater rates of increased visits during the later time period vs. those not living in lower education or income tracts. W/R to CGM use, 57% (n=392) used CGM pre-pandemic and 21% (n=83) stopped using CGM during the pandemic. In adjusted models, youth in tracts with low vs. high education had 2.81-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.56-5.07, p&lt;.001) of stopping CGM during the pandemic. Similarly, youth from low vs. high income tracts had 2.49-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.39-4.46, p&lt;.001) of stopping CGM. These data indicate variability in appointment adherence and CGM use during the pandemic based on census SES status. Vulnerable youth by SES factors appear to benefit from hybrid care model W/R to maintaining visits, although such youth appear more likely to stop CGM. Further research is needed further reduce health disparities.

Disclosure
A.Adam: None. C.Chen: None. S.Ojukwu: None. T.Kaushal: None. L.J.Tinsley: None. L.K.Volkening: None. L.M.Laffel: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Consultant; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Dompé, Insulet Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Provention Bio, Inc.
173-LB: Cognitive Performance and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: FARIA ANA CRISTINA R.A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic diabetes complication. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have two times the risk for dementia, suggesting it is a new chronic diabetes complication.
Objective: Evaluate the association of DR with cognitive performance in a T2DM population.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with 400 T2DM adults from whom socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory data, screening test for depression symptoms [Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) ], Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) , Semantic Verbal Fluency test, Trail Making test A and B, Word Memory test were collected and performed. All cognitive test scores were converted into Global Cognition z-Score [GCS (z) ]. The association between GCS (z) &lt; 0 with DR was performed using backward multivariate binary logistic regression model adjusted forage ≥ 65 years, school years ≤ 6 years, DM duration ≥ 10 years, depression symptoms score &gt; 9 at PHQ-9, arterial hypertension, physical activity, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema and cardiovascular disease.
Results: After exclusions, the 251 eligible patients were 56.6% female, mean age 61.1 (±9.8) years, DM duration of 12.6 (±8.9) years and 7.6 (±4.2) years of school education. DR prevalence was 46.5%. Multivariate Binaric Logistic Regression Model showed an association between DR and GCS (z) &lt; 0, with odds ratio (CI95%) of 2.50 (1.18-5.34) , adjusted for age, low education level, arterial hypertension and depression symptoms [OD and CI95%respectively: 5.46 (2.42-12.34) ; 12.19 (5.62-26.46) ; 2.55 (0.88-7.39) ; 3.53 (1.55-8.07) ].
Conclusion: In this T2DMpopulation, having DR increased the chance for worse cognitive performance even when adjusted for age, low education level, presence of arterial hypertension, and depression symptoms.

Disclosure
A. R. A. Faria: None.
178-OR: Prescription Patterns of Cardiovascular and Kidney Protective Therapies among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: MONTEALEGRE JULIO A. LAMPREA , MADDEN ERIN , TUMMALAPALLI SRI LEKHA , CHU CHI , DU YUXIAN , SINGH RAKESH , KONG SHELDON , TUOT DELPHINE S. , PERALTA CARMEN , SHLIPAK MICHAEL G. , ESTRELLA MICHELLE 
Published: May 2022

Background: Recent guidelines recommend use of SGLT2i and/or GLP1-RA in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD or CKD, regardless of glycemic control. The degree of adoption of these recommendations thus far is unclear
Methods: Among T2D patients receiving care within the VA Health Care System, we evaluated the prevalence and correlates of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA prescription during 20 and 2020. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) , heart failure, and CKD (defined by lab values and/or administrative codes) as well as predicted risks of ASCVD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) , with prescription of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA
Results: Of 1,319,500 adults with T2D, 10% and 7% were prescribed SGLT2is and GLP1-RAs, respectively. Prescription prevalence of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA were 13% and 9% in patients with established ASCVD; 14% and 11% in those with heart failure; and 11% and 10% in those with CKD. In adjusted models, patients with severe albuminuria were less likely to be prescribed an SGLT2i or a GLP1-RA versus non-albuminuric patients with CKD: aOR (95% CI) = 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) and 0.95 (0.93, 0.98) , respectively. In patients with 10-year ASCVD risk &gt;20% versus those with risk &lt;5%, ASCVD risk was inversely associated with prescription: SGLT2i OR=0.70 (0.60, 0.80) and GLP1-RA OR=0.60 (0.50, 0.70) . Patients with 5-year ESKD risk &gt;5% were less likely to be prescribed an SGLT2i: OR=0.61 (0.57, 0.66) , versus those with ESKD risk &lt;1%
Conclusions: Among a national VA cohort of patients with T2D, prescription of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA was pervasively low across conditions for which they are currently indicated to lower the risk of CVD and CKD progression. Furthermore, we observed a “risk-treatment paradox”, where patients with higher risk of adverse outcomes were less likely to receive these therapies. Intensive implementation efforts are needed to prioritize prescription of these medications to patients who would derive the largest benefit.

Disclosure
J.A. Lamprea Montealegre: Research Support; Bayer AG. E. Madden: None. S. Tummalapalli: Consultant; Bayer AG. Research Support; Scanwell Health. C. Chu: Research Support; Bayer AG. Y. Du: Employee; Bayer AG. Stock/Shareholder; Bayer AG. R. Singh: None. S. Kong: Employee; Bayer AG. D.S. Tuot: None. C. Peralta: Employee; Cricket Health, Inc. Research Support; American Heart Association, National Institutes of Health. M.G. Shlipak: Advisory Panel; TAI Diagnostics. Consultant; Cricket Health, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Research Support; Bayer AG. Other Relationship; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. M. Estrella: Research Support; Bayer AG. Other Relationship; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH.
18-LB: Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype in Relation to Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ZHANG LEI , YANG YUXIU , WANG JUN , DONG YANHU 
Published: May 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to study the relationship between the hypertriglyceridemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype and the risk of carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: A total of 2651 consecutive in-patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 56±11 years, 58% women) were included. CAA was determined by Color Doppler Ultrasonography and defined by the formation of detectable carotid artery plaques. Logistic regression analysis was applied to relate HTGW phenotype to CAA.
Results: The prevalence of CAA was 46.3% and 26.2% respectively in patients with and without HTGW. Compared with participants who had no HTGW, those with the HTGW phenotype had higher levels of systolic blood pressure (139.2 mmHg vs. 132.7 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05) , fasting plasma glucose (9.1 mmol/L vs. 8.5 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.05) , HbA1c [73 mmol/mol (8.83%) vs. 63 mmol/mol (7.95%) , p &lt; 0.05], apolipoprotein B (0.95 g/L vs. 0.89 g/L, p &lt; 0.05) , C-reactive protein (8.23 mg/L vs. 4.92 mg/L, p &lt; 0.05) , TNF-α (26.46 pg/ml vs. 16.80 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.05) and mean intima-media thickness (0.85 mm vs. 0.79 mm, p &lt; 0.05) , but lower levels of apolipoprotein A1 (1.21 g/L vs. 1.33 g/L, p &lt; 0.05) . The hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype was associated with CAA (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.07-2.24) , after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B and C-reactive protein.
Conclusion: Among patients with type 2 diabetes, simultaneous measurement of waist circumference and triglycerides could be used as an inexpensive and simple approach to identify individuals with CAA.

Disclosure
L. Zhang: n/a. Y. Yang: None. J. Wang: None. Y. Dong: None.