bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body volume and mass estimation of southern elephant seals using 3D range scanning and neural network models
Authors: Eder Elena B. , Almonacid Jonathan S. , Delrieux Claudio , Lewis Mirtha N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDirect measures of body mass of marine mammals are logistically complicated to obtain even for pinnipeds. An alternative method for mass estimation based on 3D imaging technology and automated processing algorithms, was tested in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Two models of artificial neural networks (ANN)—nonlinear neural network and self‐organizing maps—were trained to compute the volume and to estimate the mass of the digital models, previously obtained by scanning individuals with an infrared light sensor. Body mass estimates were as accurate (mean % error = 4.4) as estimates in previous photogrammetry studies in southern elephant seals and the mass predictive ability of the trained ANN was higher (99% of the variance explained) than other predictive models using photogrammetry in pinniped studies. While this method has proven to produce accurate body mass estimates, it also overcame some of the constraints of other indirect techniques, avoiding animal disturbance caused by physical restraint or chemical immobilization, minimizing risks, and capitalizing on the time working in the field. The results of these estimations were promising, which shows that the proposed methodology can provide adequate results with lower logistic and computational requirements.
Xanthomonas hortorum – beyond gardens: Current taxonomy, genomics, and virulence repertoires
Authors: Dia Nay C. , Morinière Lucas , Cottyn Bart , Bernal Eduardo , Jacobs Jonathan M. , Koebnik Ralf , Osdaghi Ebrahim , Potnis Neha , Pothier Joël F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTaxonomyBacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Lysobacterales (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadales); Family Lysobacteraceae (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadaceae); Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. hortorum; Pathovars: pv. carotae, pv. vitians, pv. hederae, pv. pelargonii, pv. taraxaci, pv. cynarae, and pv. gardneri.Host rangeXanthomonas hortorum affects agricultural crops, and horticultural and wild plants. Tomato, carrot, artichoke, lettuce, pelargonium, ivy, and dandelion were originally described as the main natural hosts of the seven separate pathovars. Artificial inoculation experiments also revealed other hosts. The natural and experimental host ranges are expected to be broader than initially assumed. Additionally, several strains, yet to be assigned to a pathovar within X. hortorum, cause diseases on several other plant species such as peony, sweet wormwood, lavender, and oak‐leaf hydrangea.Epidemiology and controlX. hortorum pathovars are mainly disseminated by infected seeds (e.g., X. hortorum pvs carotae and vitians) or cuttings (e.g., X. hortorum pv. pelargonii) and can be further dispersed by wind and rain, or mechanically transferred during planting and cultivation. Global trade of plants, seeds, and other propagating material constitutes a major pathway for their introduction and spread into new geographical areas. The propagules of some pathovars (e.g., X. horturum pv. pelargonii) are spread by insect vectors, while those of others can survive in crop residues and soils, and overwinter until the following growing season (e.g., X. hortorum pvs vitians and carotae). Control measures against X. hortorum pathovars are varied and include exclusion strategies (i.e., by using certification programmes and quarantine regulations) to multiple agricultural practices such as the application of phytosanitary products. Copper‐based compounds against X. hortorum are used, but the emergence of copper‐tolerant strains represents a major threat for their effective management. With the current lack of efficient chemical or biological disease management strategies, host resistance appears promising, but is not without challenges. The intrastrain genetic variability within the same pathovar poses a challenge for breeding cultivars with durable resistance.Useful websiteshttps://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTGA, https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTCR, https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTPE, https://www.euroxanth.eu, http://www.xanthomonas.org, http://www.xanthomonas.org/dokuwiki
Timed barium swallow: Esophageal stasis varies markedly across subtypes of esophagogastric junction obstruction
Authors: Sanagapalli Santosh , Plumb Andrew , Sweis Rami 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTimed barium swallow (TBS) is a recommended ancillary investigation in evaluation of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) obstruction, yet there are little data comparing esophageal stasis across subtypes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed. All type III achalasia diagnosed between November 2016 and November 2020 were included, along with matched numbers of consecutive types I and II and conclusive EGJOO cases with concurrent TBS evaluation. Co‐primary outcomes were TBS retention at 1 and 5 min. Secondary outcomes were symptoms and manometric metrics of EGJ function and peristaltic integrity.Key ResultsOne hundred patients were included (25 each of types I‐III and conclusive EGJOO). TBS retention measured by height and width at 1 and 5 min differed significantly across the four subtypes (p < 0.0001 all comparisons), with esophageal stasis tending to be significantly greater for types I and II achalasia (88% and 84% with >5 cm column at 5 min) compared to type III and EGJOO (24% and 8% with >5 cm column; p < 0.0001). Eckardt symptom severity was similar across subtypes (p = 0.30). Magnitude of esophageal stasis and integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) were uncorrelated (R = 0.21). In EGJOO, the number of swallows with intact peristalsis inversely correlated with barium column height (R = −0.49) and those with disordered peristalsis were more likely to have any residual barium at 5 min compared to those without disordered peristalsis (43% vs. 0%; p = 0.02).Conclusions & InferencesTimed barium swallow findings differed markedly with significantly less esophageal stasis in type III achalasia and EGJOO, despite similar symptom severity and no correlation between degree of emptying and IRP. Preservation of peristalsis may underlie this finding in EGJOO.
Microbiome profiling reveals that Pseudomonas antagonises parasitic nodule colonisation of cheater rhizobia in Lotus
Authors: Crosbie Duncan B. , Mahmoudi Maryam , Radl Viviane , Brachmann Andreas , Schloter Michael , Kemen Eric , Marín Macarena 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Nodule microbiota are dominated by symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia, however, other non‐rhizobial bacteria also colonise this niche. Although many of these bacteria harbour plant‐growth‐promoting functions, it is not clear whether these less abundant nodule colonisers impact root–nodule symbiosis.

We assessed the relationship between the nodule microbiome and nodulation as influenced by the soil microbiome, by using a metabarcoding approach to characterise the communities inside nodules of healthy and starved Lotus species. A machine learning algorithm and network analyses were used to identify nodule bacteria of interest, which were re‐inoculated onto plants in controlled conditions to observe their potential functionality.

The nodule microbiome of all tested species differed according to inoculum, but only that of Lotus burttii varied with plant health. Amplicon sequence variants representative of Pseudomonas species were the most indicative non‐rhizobial signatures inside healthy L. burttii nodules and negatively correlated with Rhizobium sequences. A representative Pseudomonas isolate co‐colonised nodules infected with a beneficial Mesorhizobium, but not with an ineffective Rhizobium isolate and another even reduced the number of ineffective nodules induced on Lotus japonicus.

Our results show that nodule endophytes influence the overall outcome of the root–nodule symbiosis, albeit in a plant host‐specific manner.
Anticholinergics and serious adverse events in pediatric procedural sedation: A report of the pediatric sedation research consortiums
Authors: Boriosi Juan P. , Lasarev Michael R. , Peters Megan E. , Ferrazzano Peter , Hollman Gregory A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric sedation is a clinical activity with potential for serious but rare airway adverse events, particularly laryngospasm. Anticholinergic drugs, atropine and glycopyrrolate, are frequently used with the intention to improve sedation safety by virtue of their antisialagogue effects.AimsThe objective of this study is to describe the current practice of anticholinergic use in pediatric sedation and to compare the frequency of serious sedation‐related adverse events in patients who received anticholinergics to those who did not.MethodsWe examined prospectively collected data from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium database. Patient characteristics, procedure type, sedation provider, sedatives, location of sedation, anticholinergic administered, adverse events, and airway interventions were reported. Propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression were used to test whether any association exists between anticholinergic use and serious sedation‐related adverse events.ResultsAnticholinergics were administered in 7.1% (n = 18 707) of all cases (n = 263 883) reported between November 2011 and October 2017. When anticholinergics were used, atropine was used in 22% (n = 4111) and glycopyrrolate in 78.1% (n = 14 601) of sedations. Use of anticholinergics was more common in patients with well‐described risk factors for airway adverse events: active/history of upper respiratory infection, history of reactive airway disease/asthma, and exposure to smoke. However, infants and ASA 3 patients were not associated with higher rate of anticholinergic use. Anticholinergic use was independently associated with an increase in the odds of serious adverse events, OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.6–2.1), especially airway adverse events.ConclusionsIn this large Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium study, we found the use of anticholinergic adjuvants independently associated with greater odds of serious adverse events, especially airway adverse events, after adjusting for well‐known sedation risk factors using propensity score matching and multivariate analysis.
Peace in the Face of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Making Sense of the Paralysis at the UN Security Council
Authors: Mbombo Jean‐Marie Kasonga 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus that made its first apparition in 2019 in Wuhan, China, has proven to be more lethal than a bullet; it continues to claim thousands of deaths out of a growing number of infected people worldwide, and we are no way near its ending. The pandemic threatens to wipe out the billion poor that lack the means to purchase needed equipment for disease control and production of vaccines. This article attempts to address the question as to why all‐time military preparation aimed at securing the survival of states does not tally with the readiness to fight pandemics and ensure the well‐being of citizens. In the tradition of the Frankfurt school of critical theory, it seeks to explain and evaluate the paralysis of the United Nations Security Council to walk the talk at a time when collective response to fight a common enemy (COVID‐19) is urgently needed. While each nation takes a sole‐ranger approach toward the global pandemic, safety measures adopted by the World Health Organization constitute a covert recognition of the human agency that is needed for the promotion of peace that is associated with citizens' well‐being.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory features in coronavirus disease 2019 and pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome patients
Authors: Yakut Nurhayat , Yuksel Emrullah , Algul Mahmut , Armut Mustafa , Sahin Burhaneddin , Karagoz Gamze , Yakut Kahraman , Kilinc Arda , Tanidir Ibrahim Cansaran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS) are a major public health issue affecting many people worldwide. Although there are new studies in children, little is known about these two new conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and laboratory features of children with COVID‐19 and PIMS.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, single‐center study of pediatric COVID‐19 and PIMS at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey between November 2020 and March 2021.ResultsA total of 115 patients with COVID‐19 and PIMS were examined during the study period. The median age was 60 (range, 1–215) months and 64% of the patients were male. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (70%) and cough (43%). Conjunctivitis and skin rash were not seen in PIMS patients. Of all patients, 64% had a history of close contact in household. Lymphopenia was present in 34/115 (30%) patients. Acute phase reactants were significantly higher in PIMS patients. Abnormal chest computed tomography scan findings were detected in 68% of the patients, while 36% had abnormal echocardiographic findings. In multivariate analysis, longer duration of fever, diarrhea, lower thrombocyte and higher neutrophil count were significantly associated with diagnosis of PIMS. The treatment included antibiotics, favipiravir, intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, interleukin‐1 blockade. and supportive therapy. Seven patients (6%) required intensive care support. All patients were discharged without any complications, except one who died.ConclusionsLonger duration of fever, diarrhea, lower thrombocyte, and higher neutrophil count can warn clinicians for diagnosis of PIMS.
Building blocks of idea generation and implementation in teams: A meta‐analysis of team design and team creativity and innovation
Authors: Byron Kris , Keem Sejin , Darden Tanja , Shalley Christina E. , Zhou Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough organizations increasingly rely on teams to innovate, little systematic knowledge exists about how to design teams to do so. Building on the model of collaborative creativity and innovation and synthesizing findings from published and unpublished studies, this meta‐analysis examines the role of team design on team creativity and innovation. We used random‐effects meta‐analysis to cumulate the correlations between different features of team design and team creativity or team innovation from 134 field studies representing 11,353 teams and 35 studies representing 2,485 student teams. We found that team tenure is curvilinearly related, autonomy‐supportive leadership, task interdependence, and goal interdependence are positively related, and demographic diversity and team size are unrelated to team creativity and innovation. Examining meta‐analytic path models, we found that task interdependence and supportive leadership positively relate to team creativity and innovation via team collaboration and team potency. In accounting for the literature, we found a dearth of studies examining team processes, some types of diversity such as racial diversity, and the role of team member turnover. We conclude by providing directions for future research and practical guidance about increasing team creativity and innovation through team design.
Knowledge‐first perceptual epistemology: A comment on Littlejohn and Millar
Authors: de Bruijn David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccording to epistemological disjunctivism (ED), ordinary perceptual experience ensures an opportunity for perceptual knowledge. In recent years, two distinct models of this idea have been developed. For Duncan Pritchard (Epistemological disjunctivism, 2012, Oxford University Press; Epistemic angst: Radical skepticism and the groundlessness of our believing, 2012, Princeton University Press), perception provides distinctly powerful reasons for belief. By contrast, Clayton Littlejohn (Journal of Philosophical Research, 41, 201; Knowledge first, 2017, Oxford University Press; Normativity: Epistemic and practical, 2018, Oxford University Press) and Alan Millar (The nature and value of knowledge: Three investigations, 2010, Oxford University Press; Philosophical Issues, 21, 332) argue for a version of ED in terms of a “knowledge first” program, on which perception directly provides knowledge, without relying on antecedent reasons or justification. Specifically, both Littlejohn and Millar argue that “reasons first” ED faces a problematic regress. In this article, I defend “reasons first” ED by arguing that experience provides a type of reason that escapes the regress. I also argue that reasons are a fundamental aspect of ED, especially in its anti‐skeptical stance.
High-Dimensional, Multiscale Online Changepoint Detection
Authors: Chen Yudong , Wang Tengyao , Samworth Richard J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe introduce a new method for high-dimensional, online changepoint detection in settings where a p-variate Gaussian data stream may undergo a change in mean. The procedure works by performing likelihood ratio tests against simple alternatives of different scales in each coordinate, and then aggregating test statistics across scales and coordinates. The algorithm is online in the sense that both its storage requirements and worst-case computational complexity per new observation are independent of the number of previous observations; in practice, it may even be significantly faster than this. We prove that the patience, or average run length under the null, of our procedure is at least at the desired nominal level, and provide guarantees on its response delay under the alternative that depend on the sparsity of the vector of mean change. Simulations confirm the practical effectiveness of our proposal, which is implemented in the R package ocd, and we also demonstrate its utility on a seismology data set.
Faculty support bundle for simulation education
Authors: Musits Andrew N. , Merritt Chris , Petrone Gianna , Merritt Rory , Brown Linda L. , Wing Robyn , Smith Jessica L. , Tubbs Robert , Moretti Katelyn , Clyne Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostgraduate training programmes rely on faculty to meet core educational needs, including simulation. Time is arguably the most valuable resource for academic physicians, which presents a challenge for recruiting faculty to provide extra‐clinical teaching. To increase faculty engagement in simulation‐based education (SBE), we first identified barriers to participation. Next, we sought to overcome barriers using a self‐determination theory (SDT) framework to increase motivation using strategies that addressed faculty autonomy, competence and relatedness.MethodsFaculty from a single department of emergency medicine were surveyed about factors influencing participation in SBE. Responses were grouped into themes and used to develop the intervention—a faculty support bundle—to overcome common barriers and promote participation. Supports focused on course materials, organisational consistency and peer recognition. Faculty participation in SBE pre‐ and post‐implementation of the support bundle was analysed via chi‐squared analysis. Faculty who delivered SBE were resurveyed after the implementation phase to explore how the support bundle affected their experience.ResultsInitial survey response was 41%. Reported barriers to participation in SBE included scheduling issues, preparation time, competing responsibilities, lack of confidence with simulation and lack of interest. Twenty‐four faculty participated in SBE during the pre‐implementation phase, compared to 39 post implementation (p = 0.03).DiscussionThe faculty support bundle increases faculty participation in SBE. Strategies focused on internal motivators identified using an SDT framework. In contrast to traditional external motivators, these were no cost interventions. Those seeking to increase faculty participation in SBE should consider implementing similar strategies.
Bilateral servicification in global value chains and deep trade agreements
Authors: Díaz‐Mora Carmen , García‐López Erena , González‐Díaz Belén 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInternational trade has been transformed by participation in global value chains (GVCs), where services linkages play a critical role. Recent studies examine the impact of deep trade agreements on GVC‐related trade, but none of them focusses on GVC‐related services. Using the gravity framework, this paper investigates the impact of trade agreements with substantial provisions on services on bilateral foreign services value added embodied in manufacturing exports. We also consider the depth of these agreements and explore the asymmetric effects depending on the partners’ income level, the EU membership and on the direction of the trade flows. The analysis reveals that deep trade agreements with services provisions boost embodied services value added from partner countries, with larger impacts for deeper agreements. Moreover, there are heterogeneous effects, which are particularly significant for North–North flows and for embodied services value added from EU countries. Therefore, those deep trade agreements seem to allow the EU to exploit its comparative advantage in services and, consequently, strengthen intra‐EU GVCs and GVCs with non‐EU countries.
La incidencia del principio de participación ambiental en la teoría del acto administrativo
Authors: Sánchez-Zapata Diana Carolina , Vergara-Mesa Hernán Darío 
Published: January 2022

El artículo hace un análisis de la transformación de las decisiones unilaterales de la administración, a partir de la repercusión del principio de participación en el proceso de configuración de las decisiones administrativas, con el fin de aportar en la comprensión de una teoría del acto administrativo adaptable al ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Se acude metodológicamente a la propuesta de revisión dogmática del derecho administrativo, y a los aportes de la parte especial del derecho administrativo para una reconstrucción de la teoría general. Se propone, así, el estudio del procedimiento administrativo especial para el otorgamiento de las licencias ambientales en Colombia como un “sector de referencia” que permite, conforme a los hallazgos obtenidos, el análisis y revisión de los elementos del acto administrativo y de las consecuencias dogmáticas con respecto a su validez, más allá del vicio por expedición irregular por afectación de su elemento formal, y abre la posibilidad de plantear la configuración de otros vicios relacionados con los elementos competencial, objetivo o finalístico, cuando los actos se expidan sin satisfacer los estándares de participación y justicia ambiental.
La publicidad comercial y el niño, niña y adolescente en el derecho chileno: un intento de sistematización y determinación de la tutela aplicable
Authors: López Díaz Patricia Verónica 
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo aborda la protección que el ordenamiento jurídico chileno dispensa al niño, niña y adolescente frente a la publicidad comercial. La metodología empleada consiste en examinar la normativa vigente, las sentencias de los tribunales de justicia y los dictámenes éticos del Consejo de Autorregulación y Ética Publicitaria (CONAR) que se han pronunciado sobre los supuestos en que sus derechos han sido vulnerados. La conclusión a la que se arriba es que si bien dicha protección no está expresamente regulada debe otorgarse para garantizar la observancia de ciertos derechos fundamentales de los que ellos son titulares y que puede alcanzarse recurriendo a la publicidad agresiva, abusiva y engañosa, que gozan de sustento normativo en nuestro derecho.