bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering for Enhanced Magnetic Vortex Pinning by 1D-BZO APCs in a Wide Angular Range
Authors: Ogunjimi Victor , Sebastian Mary Ann , Zhang Di , Gautam Bibek , Jian Jie , Huang Jijie , Zhang Yifan , Haugan Timothy , Wang Haiyan , Wu Judy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrostructural analysis of the BaZrO3(BZO)/YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) interface has revealed a highly defective and oxygen deficient 2-3 nm thick YBCO column surrounding the BZO one-dimensional artificial pinning centers (1D-APCs). The resulting semi-coherent interface is the consequence of the ∼7.7% BZO/YBCO lattice mismatch and is responsible for the low pinning efficiency of BZO 1D-APCs. Herein, we report an interface engineering approach of dynamic Ca/Cu replacement on YBCO lattice to reduce/eliminate the BZO/YBCO lattice mismatch for improved pinning at a wide angular range of the magnetic field orientation. The Ca/Cu replacement induces a local elongation of the YBCO c-lattice near the BZO/YBCO interface, thereby ensuring a reduction in the BZO/YBCO lattice mismatch to ∼1.4% and a coherent BZO/YBCO interface. This has resulted in enhanced pinning at B//c-axis and a broad angular range of B-field orientation. For example, the 6 vol.% BZO/YBCO film with interface engineering exhibitsFp∼158 GN/m3at 65 K and B//c-axis, which is 440% higher than the ∼36.1 GN/m3for the reference 6% BZO/YBCO sample, and enhancedJcandFpin a wide angular range up to ∼ 80°. This result illustrates a facile scheme for engineering 1D-APC/YBCO interface to resume the pristine pinning efficiency of the 1D-APCs.
Low cost, simpler HTS cable conductors for fusion energy systems
Authors: Zhai Y , Otto A , Zarnstorff M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The cost and complexity of large, high-field superconducting magnet modules and related subsystems comprise 30% to 60% of the fusion reactor core capital cost. The strategic plan for the U.S. burning plasma research, the Fusion Energy Sciences Committee Report (FESAC) “Power the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’', and 2021 NASEM report “Key Goals and Innovations needed for a U.S. Fusion Pilot Plant” recommends that the U.S. pursue innovative science and technology to enable construction of a Fusion Pilot Plant (FPP) that produces net electricity from fusion at reduced capital cost. To achieve this, a novel combination of lower-cost high temperature superconductors (HTS) in cable configurations with co-wound reinforcement for higher current density are being investigated using a simplified construction strategy to produce compact stable coils. They would be capable of generating 20 T at up to 10-20 K. Small-scale, inexpensive test coils and prototypes will help develop each feature and validate cabled conductor design models. The near term goal is to validate engineering approaches, scientific models and fabrication capabilities applicable to fusion reactor development such as U.S. fusion nuclear science facility (FNSF), sustained high-power density tokamak facility (SHPD) and FPP designs. The design options include lower-cost, high-strength, quench resistant REBCO or Bi-2212 cables in an all metal coil design that simplifies HTS coil construction and quench protection system, with co-wound reinforcements that integrate stress management in HTS cable design and provides thermal mass to help prevent quench damage.
Superconducting liquid cryogen insulated power cables for medium voltage applications
Authors: Lopez H , Mensah P , Cheetham P , Kim C H , Pamidi S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) is used as the cryogen and is part of the dielectric insulation system in most high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables. However, in electric propulsion systems for transportation, using LN2 is not feasible due to asphyxiation concerns in the event of a leak in a confined space. Gaseous helium (GHe) has been proposed as an alternate cryogen to relieve this asphyxiation concern. GHe has benefits such as a wider operating temperature range and versatility for a centralized cryogenic cooling system for multiple devices which could potentially reduce the overall weight of the superconducting system. The drawback is that GHe has a lower dielectric strength compared to LN2, which limits its use to low-medium voltage applications. A hybrid cryogen HTS cable was proposed using LN2 as the dielectric media and GHe as the cryogen of an HTS cable to solve the limitations and issues associated with each cryogen and explained in this paper. A 1-m prototype cable that used LN2 as the cryogen and dielectric was fabricated and dielectric breakdown measurements were performed on it to establish a baseline on what to be expected from the hybrid cryogen HTS cable.
Design of warm dielectric terminations and electrical breaks for high-temperature superconducting power cables
Authors: Mensah P , Lopez H , Cheetham P , Kim C H , Pamidi S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Large electric transportation systems such as electric aircraft and electric ships have been designed with multiple high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables as part of superconducting power distribution network, and a good electric insulation for the power cables is a critical design requirement needed to be considered. This is because terminations in HTS cable represent a location of significant electrical and thermal stresses and needs to be addressed to reduce the substantial heat load that might be introduced into the cryogenic system. The use of a warm dielectric termination is seen as a potential solution to reduce the electrical standoffs required as part of the design and allow for a high-power dense termination design. A warm dielectric termination design using commercially off-the-shelf ceramic breaks as electrical breaks is explored and withstand and partial discharge measurements are performed to determine the viability of the design concept.
Strategies for conformal REBCO windings
Authors: Rogers J S , McIntyre P M , Elliott T , May G D , Ratcliff C T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A high-field winding can be fabricated from a cable of non-insulated REBCO tapes stacked face-to-face without twisting. If the cable is oriented within each turn of a winding so that the tape face is closely parallel to the magnetic field at its location, the supercurrent capacity of that cable is enhanced ∼3x greater than in a transverse or twisting orientation. This concept for a conformal winding was presented in a previous paper pertinent to the body winding of a REBCO based high-field dipole. Strategies are presented and simulated for how the same orientation can be sustained in the flared ends of a high-field hybrid dipole.
Structural Finite Element Analysis of REBCO Tape Delamination with Solid-Shell Element under Various Loads
Authors: Zhao Zijia , Moore Peter , Chiesa Luisa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Structural Finite Element Analysis was performed to study the delamination behaviour of layer laminated REBCO tapes using a Solid-Shell element under various loading conditions, including (1) transverse tensile delamination, (2) shear delamination and (3) peeling delamination. A Solid-Shell element is well suited to simulate REBCO tape because the material and thickness of all the layers can be specified within a single element. The results obtained from the models utilizing Solid-Shell elements are compared to a more computationally intensive method known as Cohesive Zone Method (CZM), which has successfully modelled the initiation and propagation of REBCO’s delamination [1]. The results show that the stress state of REBCO tape in transverse tensile and shear directions can be accurately captured by the proposed method employing Solid-Shell elements if the transverse tensile and shear delamination stress is measured experimentally for a specific REBCO and used as failure criteria. In this work, the failure criteria adopted from previous experimental studies are 50 MPa in the transverse tensile direction and 10 MPa in the shear direction. This work provides a time-efficient modelling tool to predict and mitigate delamination in REBCO tapes used in complex systems.
First cryogenic test results of 3D-printed resonators for quantum bits
Authors: Carriere P R , Frigola P , Agustsson R , Chou M H , Cleland A N , Horn T , Kelly M , Kutsaev S V , Povey R , Smirnov A Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Quantum computers (QC) have the potential to efficiently solve problems currently unfeasible on even the fastest generation of classical computers. The building block of a QC is a quantum bit (qubit). Encoding and reading qubit states coupled via high-Q resonant cavity modes is a solution to maintaining qubit states; however there is a need for simple, scalable and robust fabrication techniques capable of realizing high density cavity arrays. RadiaBeam is developing a novel approach utilizing metal additive manufacturing(AM) using both laser and electron beam powder bed fusion. Using a 6GHz quarter wave resonator (QWR), we fabricated several niobium and titanium alloy QWR cavities and characterized their superconducting RF performance. In this letter, we provide the details of the first 3D-printed qubit cavities design and fabrication, and compare their Q-factors, measured at dilution fridge temperatures, against the machined Nb resonators.
Cryogenic material properties of additive manufactured 316L stainless steel
Authors: Weiss K-P , Hetzler S , Kvackaj T , Bidulsky R , Actis Grande M , Manfredi D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is recognized as a potential technology to design and create complex geometries as well as a fast track to build prototype components. Different materials are possible to use, depending on the specific requirements of an application. Superconducting applications like magnets or rotating machines are demanding for the structural components. Either high and/or cyclic mechanical loads can be one of the limiting factors in design. In the cryogenic temperature regime austenitic steels are used due to the mechanical performance and the machinability. In this work 316L austenitic steel samples were produced using laser powder bed fusion, also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Followed by different heat treatments to systematically influence to the microstructure evolution. Beside mechanical properties also thermal properties as heat capacity or expansion are investigated. Having the cryogenic application in mind the tests are conducted at room temperature, liquid Nitrogen and liquid Helium temperature. The measured mechanical and thermal properties are compared to industrial cast austenitic steels to qualify the overall performance of the additive manufactured samples.
A review of devices and methods for measuring thermal emissivity at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Zhang S Y , Li Y , Li L F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Thermal emissivity is an important parameter in characterizing the thermal radiative properties of materials and a critical factor in radiative heat transfer. The radiation of an actual object is different from that of the blackbody: its radiation energy varies irregularly with wavelength and temperature. To investigate the thermal radiative properties, thermal emissivity could be measured at cryogenic temperatures. In this paper, measuring methods and factors affecting the thermal emissivity of metals and infrared coatings at low temperatures were comprehensively reviewed. Two existing methods for measuring thermal emissivity at low temperatures, the calorimetry and radiometry methods, were described. Moreover, this work also discussed several factors such as material properties, surface temperature, and surface conditions. Testing devices for measurement of emissivity at low temperatures based on calorimetry and radiometry were reviewed and analyzed emphatically.
A new research agenda for Africa’s international relations
Authors: Tieku Thomas Kwasi 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The article takes stock of the eclectic Africa’s International Relations (AIR) scholarship with a view to setting a new research agenda for this vibrant subfield of International Relations (IR). It argues that the AIR community has taken a defensive approach to knowledge production and dissemination. It calls on AIR scholars to shift the emphasis from reactionary scholarship to an offensive knowledge production and dissemination by building research around five key themes. The article shows that a research agenda in the five areas can give epistemic freedom to AIR scholars, contribute to freeing IR from Euro-American metanarratives, and ultimately put AIR scholars in a position to develop analytical frameworks capable of capturing nuances and complexities of international life in Africa.
Violence in the Great Recession
Authors: Santaularia N Jeanie , Osypuk Theresa L , Ramirez Marizen R , Mason Susan M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that economic hardship causes violence. However, a large majority of this research relies on observational studies that use traditional violence surveillance systems that suffer from selection bias and over-represent vulnerable populations, such as people of color. To overcome limitations of prior work, we employed a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of the Great Recession on explicit violence diagnoses (injuries identified to be caused by a violent event) and proxy violence diagnoses (injuries highly correlated with violence) for child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and their combination. We used Minnesota hospital data (2004–2014), conducting a difference-in-differences analysis at the county level (n = 86) using linear regression to compare changes in violence rates from before the recession (2004–2007) to after the recession (2008–2014) in counties most affected by the recession, versus changes over the same time period in counties less affected by the recession. The findings suggested that the Great Recession had little or no impact on explicitly identified violence; however, it affected proxy-identified violence. Counties that were more highly affected by the Great Recession saw a greater increase in the average rate of proxy-identified child abuse, elder abuse, intimate partner violence, and combined violence when compared with less-affected counties.
Prevalence of Loneliness and Its Association With General and Health-Related Measures of Subjective Well-Being in a Longitudinal Bicultural Cohort of Older Adults in Advanced Age Living in New Zealand: LiLACS NZ
Authors: Lay-Yee Roy , Milne Barry J , Wright-St Clair Valerie A , Broad Joanna , Wilkinson Tim , Connolly Martin , Teh Ruth , Hayman Karen , Muru-Lanning Marama , Kerse Ngaire 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is evidence that loneliness is detrimental to the subjective well-being of older adults. However, little is known on this topic for the cohort of those in advanced age (80 years or older), which today is the fastest-growing age group in the New Zealand population. We examined the relationships between loneliness and selected subjective well-being outcomes over 5 years.MethodsWe used a regional, bicultural sample of those in advanced age from 2010 to 2015 (Life and Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New Zealand). The first wave enrolled 937 people (92% of whom were living in the community): 421 Māori (Indigenous New Zealanders aged 80–90 years) and 516 non-Māori aged 85 years. We applied standard regression techniques to baseline data and mixed-effects models to longitudinal data, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors.ResultsFor both Māori and non-Māori, strong negative associations between loneliness and subjective well-being were found at baseline. In longitudinal analyses, we found that loneliness was negatively associated with life satisfaction as well as with mental health-related quality of life.DiscussionOur findings of adverse impacts on subjective well-being corroborate other evidence, highlighting loneliness as a prime candidate for intervention—appropriate to cultural context—to improve well-being for adults in advanced age.
Aging With Incarceration Histories: An Intersectional Examination of Incarceration and Health Outcomes Among Older Adults
Authors: Latham-Mintus Kenzie , Deck Monica M , Nelson Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Experiences with incarceration are linked to poor mental and physical health across the life course. The purpose of this research is to examine whether incarceration histories are associated with worse physical and mental health among older adults. We apply an intersectionality framework and consider how the intersection of sexism and racism leads to unequal health outcomes following incarceration among women and people of color.

Methods
We employ 2 measures of health (i.e., number of depressive symptoms and physical limitations) to broadly capture mental and physical health. Using data from Waves 11 and 12 of the Health and Retirement Study, we estimated a series of general linear models to analyze differences in health by incarceration history, gender/sex, and race/ethnicity.

Results
Findings suggest that experiences with incarceration are associated with a greater number of physical limitations and more depressive symptoms among older men and women, net of sociodemographic characteristics, early-life conditions, and lifetime stressful events. Formerly incarcerated women, particularly women of color, had more physical limitations and depressive symptoms relative to other groups.

Discussion
These findings suggest that incarceration histories have far-reaching health implications. Older women of color with incarceration histories experience markedly high levels of physical limitations and depressive symptoms in later life.
The Role of Appendicectomy in Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Welsh Silje , Sam Zihao , Seenan John Paul , Nicholson Gary A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis updated systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the putative role of the appendix in ulcerative colitis as a therapeutic target.MethodsOvid Medline, Embase, PubMed and CENTRAL were searched with MeSH terms (“appendectomy” OR “appendicitis” OR “appendix”) AND (“colitis, ulcerative”) through October 2020, producing 1469 references. Thirty studies, including 118 733 patients, were included for qualitative synthesis and 11 for quantitative synthesis. Subgroup analysis was performed on timing of appendicectomy. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAppendicectomy before UC diagnosis reduces the risk of future colectomy (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65-0.89; I2 = 5%; P = .0009). Corresponding increased risk of colorectal cancer and high-grade dysplasia are identified (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.11-4.66; P = .02). Significance is lost when appendicectomy is performed after disease onset. Appendicectomy does not affect hospital admission rates (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.68-1.12; I2 = 93%; P = .27), steroid use (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.78-1.49; I2 = 36%; P = .64), immunomodulator use (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.76-1.42; I2 = 19%; P = .79), or biological therapy use (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.44-1.30; I2 = 0%; P = .32). Disease extent and risk of proximal progression are unaffected by appendicectomy. The majority (71% to 100%) of patients with refractory UC avoid colectomy following therapeutic appendicectomy at 3-year follow-up.ConclusionsPrior appendicectomy reduces risk of future colectomy. A reciprocal increased risk of CRC/HGD may be due to prolonged exposure to subclinical colonic inflammation. The results warrant further research, as consideration may be put toward incorporating a history of appendicectomy into IBD surveillance guidelines. A potential role for therapeutic appendicectomy in refractory left-sided UC is also identified.
Lamb waves in elastic–plastic plate containing voids
Authors: Kumar Suraj , Tomar S K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Propagation of Lamb waves has been studied in an infinite plate of finite thickness and composed of elastic–plastic material containing void pores. The plastic deformation in the plate material is considered through a single-plane and direction. Assuming a linear relation between the elastic and plastic parts of the change in void volume fraction and using the stress-free boundary surfaces of the plate, the dispersion relations corresponding to the symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations with respect to the mid-plane of the plate are derived. The corresponding dispersion relations of Lamb modes in the elastic–plastic plate have been reduced by neglecting the presence of voids. Some earlier known results are recovered from the present formulation under particular cases. The behaviour of symmetric and antisymmetric family of Lamb modes are depicted pictorially against the frequency, slip-angle, thickness of the plate and void parameters in a specific plate material. It is found that the plasticity and the presence of the voids in the plate material affect the propagation of Lamb modes. In particular, at the slip-angle $45^o$, the $S_0$- and $A_0$- modes exhibit symmetry, but $S_0$ is bell shaped and $A_0$ is parabolic.
IMPROVE bleeding score predicts major bleeding in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Kusaba Hitoshi , Moriyama Shohei , Hieda Michinari , Ito Mamoru , Ohmura Hirofumi , Isobe Taichi , Tsuchihashi Kenji , Fukata Mitsuhiro , Ariyama Hiroshi , Baba Eishi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The incidence of venous thromboembolism has been reported as 20% in cancer patients. Anticoagulation therapy is the standard treatment for venous thromboembolism. On the other hand, bleeding should be carefully managed, because advanced cancer, particularly gastrointestinal cancer, carries a high risk of bleeding. However, the optimal management for cancer-associated thromboembolism remains to be clarified.

Methods
We retrospectively examined patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, who were treated with chemotherapy between 2014 and 2018 for the incidence and characteristics of venous thromboembolism and bleeding.

Results
In total, 194 patients (120 men, 74 women) were enrolled in this study. The underlying pathology was gastric cancer in 74 cases and colorectal cancer in 120 cases. Of the 194 patients, 40 patients (20.6%) were diagnosed with venous thromboembolism and 10 patients (5.2%) were diagnosed with concomitant pulmonary thromboembolism. Conversely, bleeding was observed in 29 patients (15%). The location of bleeding was the primary tumor in 17 cases, metastatic tumor in 9 and hemorrhagic gastric ulcer in 3. Within the venous thromboembolism group (n = 40), bleeding was observed in 10 patients (25%). Multivariate analysis showed that International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) bleeding score ≥7 correlated significantly with major bleeding (P = 0.01). In patients with a low risk of bleeding, major bleeding was observed in only three patients.

Conclusions
IMPROVE bleeding score may predict the risk for bleeding in gastrointestinal cancer patients with venous thromboembolism. Selecting patients with a low risk of bleeding using with IMPROVE bleeding score is expected to contribute to the safer management of anticoagulation therapy for cancer-associated thromboembolism.