bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Surgery in Small Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Baidoun Firas , Abdel-Rahman Omar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
IntroductionThe incidence of small, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cases has been increasing in the United States and the world mainly due to ﻿incidental detection because of widespread use of diagnostic modalities. While the option of active surveillance instead of surgical resection is getting more popular, there is still an open discussion about the best approach in these cases.Materials and MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with non-metastatic small T1/N0 DTC between 2004 and 2016, who have known surgical status and Charlson comorbidity index of two or less. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) based on the surgery status using Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable cox regression analyses.ResultsA total of 98,501 patients with non-metastatic small DTC were included, within which 96,612 (98.1%) were treated with surgery, and 1,889 (1.9%) were not treated with surgery or other ablative modalities. We found that patients who were treated with surgery had better OS compared to patients who were not treated with surgery (mean OS 171 months vs 134.1 months, P<0.001, median OS was not reached). This difference was still statistically significant even after we used propensity score matching for age, gender, race, Charlson-Deyo score, tumor size, and histology. On multivariate analysis, surgery was associated with better OS (HR 0.218; 95% CI: 0.196 - 0.244; P<0.001).Same trend was found in subgroup analysis when we split the cohort according to tumor size (<1cm and ≥1cm), histology (follicular, papillary and Hurthle cell carcinoma), and age (< 55 years vs > 55 years).ConclusionPatients with non-metastatic small DTC who were treated with surgery had significant improvement in OS compared to patients who were not treated with surgery. Notwithstanding the limitations of the current analysis, these results call for caution prior to recommending routine surveillance for all patients with small DTC.
Super – Fluorescence Quenching of 1-(E)-styryl-2-(4-(2-(E) - styrylphenoxy) Butoxy)Benzene (Alkoxy Bridged Styryl Benzene)(PPPBB) Colloidal Silver and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Bayoumy Rasha M. , Abdel-Halim Shakir T. , El-Daly Samy A. , Abo-Alhasan Ahmed A. , Ebeid El-Zeiny M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Super-efficient fluorescence quenching of the dye, 1-(E)-styryl-2-(4-(2-(E)-styrylphenoxy) butoxy) benzene (alkoxy bridged styryl benzene) (PPPBB), by silver and gold nanoparticles (Ag NPs and Au NPs) are explored by the steady-state fluorescence measurements in methanol and ethylene glycol (MeOH and EG). The data showed that both radiative and non-radiative energy-transfer perform a key role in the fluorescence super-quenching mechanism. The Stern–Volmer quenching constants (Ksv) were calculated as 1.4 \(\times\) 1010, 1.2 \(\times\) 1010 M− 1 in MeOH and EG for Ag NPs, and 2.69 \(\times\) 108, 6.18 \(\times\) 109 M− 1 in MeOH and EG for Au NPs, respectively. Besides, the quenching sphere radius (r) values were calculated, via Perrin model of quenching, as 160,161 nm in MeOH and EG for Ag NPs, and 45, 85 nm in MeOH and EG for Au NPs, respectively. From active sphere radius results, one can conclude that the fluorescence resonance energy-transfer is responsible for super-quenching of PPPBB. Moreover, the fluorescence energy-transfer had an observable effect on the fluorescence super-quenching of PPPBB by AgNPs and AuNPs in EG more than in MeOH. These Super-quenching processes can pave the way for the usage of (PPPBB/ NPs) quenching systems in the energy transfer-based biosensors and essays with high degree of sensitivity.
Macrophage Notch1 Inhibits TAK1 Function and RIPK3-Mediated Hepatocyte Necroptosis Through Activation of β-Catenin Signaling in Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xu Dongwei , Qu Xiaoye , Tian Yizhu , Jie Zhao , Xi Zhifeng , Xue Feng , Ma Xueyun , Zhu Jianjun , Xia Qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Notch signaling is highly conserved and critically involved in cell differentiation, immunity, and survival. Activation of the Notch pathway modulates immune cell functions during the inflammatory response. However, it remains unknown whether and how the macrophage Notch1 may control the innate immune signaling TAK1, and RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage Notch1 in modulating TAK1-mediated innate immune responses and RIPK3 functions in liver IRI. Methods: Myeloid-specific Notch1 knockout (Notch1M-KO) and floxed Notch1 (Notch1FL/FL) mice (n=6/group) were subjected to 90 min partial liver warm ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion. In a parallel in vitro study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from these conditional knockout mice and transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated β-catenin knockout (KO) vector followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulation. Results: IR stress-induced Notch1 activation evidenced by increased nuclear Notch intracellular domain (NICD) expression in hepatic Kupffer cells. Myeloid Notch1 deficiency exacerbated IR-induced liver damage, with increased serum ALT levels, macrophage/neutrophil accumulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines production compared to the Notch1FL/FL controls. Unlike in the Notch1FL/FL controls, Notch1M-KO enhanced TRAF6, TAK1, NF-κB, RIPK3, and MLKL but reduced β-catenin activation in ischemic livers. However, adoptive transfer of lentivirus β-catenin-modified macrophages markedly improved liver function with reduced TRAF6, p-TAK1, RIPK3, p-MLKL in IR-challenged livers. Moreover, disruption of RIPK3 in Notch1M-KO mice with an in vivo mannose-mediated RIPK3 siRNA delivery system diminished IR-triggered hepatocyte death. In vitro studies showed that macrophage NICD and β-catenin co-localized in the nucleus, whereby β-catenin interacted with NICD in response to LPS stimulation. Disruption of β-catenin with a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated β-catenin KO in Notch1FL/FL macrophage augmented TRAF6 activation leading to enhanced TAK1 function. While CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TRAF6 KO in Notch1M-KO macrophage inhibited RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis after co-culture with primary hepatocytes. Conclusions: Macrophage Notch1 controls TAK1-mediated innate immune responses and RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis through activation of β-catenin. β-catenin is required for the macrophage Notch1-mediated immune regulation in liver IRI. Our findings demonstrate the macrophage Notch1-β-catenin axis is a crucial regulatory mechanism in IR-triggered liver inflammation and provide novel therapeutic potential in organ IRI and transplant recipients.
A genomic toolkit for ‘the soybean of the tropics’ – winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)
Authors: Ho Wai Kuan , Tanzi Alberto , Sang Fei , Tsoutsoura Niki , Shah Niraj , Moore Christopher , Wright Victoria , Massawe Festo , Mayes Sean 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A sustainable supply of plant protein is critical for future generations. We also need to reduce carbon emissions from agriculture, while increasing resilience in the face of elevated temperatures and climate volatility. Agricultural diversification with more crop options is hampered by limited available genomic resources, lack of understanding of the genetic structure of breeding germplasm and important trait inheritance- needed to breed desired ideotypes. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), a high protein seed tropical legume, has been termed ‘the soybean for the tropics’ with potential to help reduce soybean imports in many tropical and semi-tropical countries. Here we present the first chromosome level winged bean genome assembly (98.9% of 536.1MB scaffolds are assigned), an investigation of genetic diversity of 136 worldwide accessions for breeding, together with the first two genetic maps and a trait QTL analysis for genomic regions with desirable ideotype traits for breeding; namely architecture, protein content and phytonutrients.
Zero-COVID Policies: Melbourne's 112-Day Hard Lockdown Experiment Harmed Mostly Mothers
Authors: Schurer Stefanie , Atalay Kadir , Glozier Nick , Toscano Esperanza , Wooden Mark 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lockdowns were used worldwide to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that the 112-day hard lockdown in Melbourne, Australia, the longest among OECD jurisdictions, exclusively penalized families with young children. To identify the causal impact of lockdown on human life, we interrogated nationally-representative longitudinal survey data and quasi-experimental variation in Melbourne's lockdown, one that left other jurisdictions unaffected. Surprisingly, we found most vulnerable groups (the young, poor, lonely and those with previous mental health conditions) were left unscathed. However, we found mothers experienced significant, sizable declines in health and work hours, and increases in loneliness, despite feeling safer and being more active. Zero-COVID policies are not as harmful as may have been expected but came at high cost to mothers in society.
Correlation between metabolic characteristics and breast cancer subtypes and prognosis
Authors: Liao Yuwei , Chen Zhikai , Liang Hongfeng , Yang Liye 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a common cancer and the major cause of cancer mortality in females around the world. One important characteristic of BRCA is metabolic reprogramming; however, abnormal metabolism of breast cancer based on large samples has not been reported. In addition, the relationship between metabolic features and the prognosis of BRCA still needs to be explored.
Methods
In this study, we ran dimension reduction for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) training set from 943 metabolic genes to 100 principle components (PCs) by principle component analysis (PCA). The Pearson correlations were calculated between PCs and clinical information. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was used to sort out prognostic PCs. The top-loading genes of PCs validated successfully in TCGA validation set were further used for gene enrichment analysis and the abundance of immune cells between high- and low-PC BRCA patients was compared. Finally, the key genes and prognostic PCs in our result were validated by using Joel dataset.
Results
Five metabolic PCs related to subtypes and prognosis of BRCA were found. PC2 and PC4, in which B3GNT5 and RAMP1 were prognostic genes, correlated with basal-like subtypes. PC2 was also correlated with ER- or PR-positive status, indicating the endocrine resistance after therapy. In addition, CCL19 was lowly expressed in Luminal B (LumB) subtype. PAPSS2, enriched in nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process, was a prognostic gene of BRCA and hub metabolic gene exclusively expressed in HER2-positive subtype. PC7, PC13 and PC29 were associated with the prognosis of BRCA and the changes of tumor immune environment. CCR7 chemokine axis, purine metabolism and cytidine catabolic process were the key metabolic pathways according to these prognostic PCs.
Conclusions
Our study revealed that the metabolic PCs were related to subtypes and prognosis of patients. The key pathways and genes of these PCs were potential BRCA biomarkers, which may provide a new direction for the future treatment of BRCA.
MiR-1290: a potential therapeutic target for regenerative medicine or diagnosis and treatment of non-malignant diseases
Authors: Kalhori Mohammad Reza , Soleimani Masoud , Yari Kheirollah , Moradi Mahmoudreza , Kalhori Amir Ali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small non-coding RNAs that could change gene expression with post-transcriptional regulation. MiRNAs have a significant role in regulating molecular signaling pathways and innate and adaptive immune system activity. Moreover, miRNAs can be utilized as a powerful instrument for tissue engineers and regenerative medicine by altering the expression of genes and growth factors. MiR-1290 was first discovered in human embryonic stem cells, which play an essential role in developing the fetal nervous system. Our previous review study showed overexpression of miR-1290 in numerous cancers. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of miR-1290 is vital for human health to be used in gene therapy or tissue engineering. The results of these studies suggest that the regulation of miR-1290 may be helpful in the treatment of some bacterial and viral infections. Also, adjusting the expression of miR-1290 in non-infectious diseases such as celiac disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, and ischemic heart disease can help to treat these diseases better. Moreover, miR-1290 could work as a biomarker for diagnosing various non-malignant disorders and a powerful instrument in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Consequently, it is suggested that the regulation of miR-1290 could be considered a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of non-malignant diseases in the future.
Haze pollution and urbanization promotion in China: How to understand their spatial interaction?
Authors: Yang Huachao , Wu He , Liang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Can promoting urbanization and controlling haze pollution result in a win-win situation? Based on panel data from 287 prefecture-level cities in China, this paper uses the three-stage least-squares estimator method(3SLS) and generalized space three-stage least-squares estimator method (GS3SLS) to study the spatial interaction between haze pollution and urbanization. The results show the following: (1) There is a spatial interaction between haze pollution and urbanization. On the whole, haze pollution and urbanization have a typical inverted U-shaped relationship. (2) Haze and urbanization show different relationships in different regions. The haze pollution in the area left of the Hu Line has a linear relationship with urbanization. (3) In addition to haze, urbanization also has a spatial spillover effect. When the haze pollution in the surrounding areas increases, the haze pollution in the area will also increase, but the level of urbanization will increase. When the level of urbanization in the surrounding areas increases, it will promote the level of urbanization in the local area and alleviate the haze pollution in the local area. (4) Tertiary industry, greening, FDI and precipitation can help alleviate haze pollution. FDI and the level of urbanization have a U-shaped relationship. In addition, industry, transportation, population density, economic level and market scale can promote regional urbanization.
Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, social support quality and mental health in college students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Chao , Yan Shijiao , Jiang Heng , Guo Yingying , Lv Chuanzhu , Lu Zuxun , Gan Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Mental health problem is an important public health issue among college students and is associated with various soical factors. However, these influencing factors were scarcely summarized in Chinese college students comprehensively. This study aims to assess the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, social support quality (SSQ) and mental health among Chinese college students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China, from October 2017 to February 2018. College students from 18 colleges or universities were randomly recruited using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scale and 12-items General Health Questionnaire were used to estimate students’ SSQ and mental health status, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, SSQ and mental health problems.Results: A total of 10676 (96.24%) college students were included in the study. Among them, 21.4% were identified as having mental health problems. Students being a female, aged 18-22 years old, whose mother held college degrees and above, and drinking alcohol were more likely to have mental problems (P <0.05). Contrarily, having general or higher family economic levels, working and resting regularly, and sleeping ≥ 7 hours could be preventive factors (P <0.05). Especially, there was a decreasing trend in the risk of mental health problems with the improvement of SSQ.Conclusion: Besides socio-economic and lifestyle factors, social support is a critical factor for mental health among college students. Improving SSQ, especially which from the family, could be an effective method to prevent mental problems among college students.
Prognostic Value of Baseline Metabolic Tumor Volume in Early-Stage Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma – Data from the Prospective, Multicenter Phase III HD16 Trial
Authors: Heek Lutz van , Stuka Colin , Kaul Helen , Müller Horst , Mettler Jasmin , Hitz Felicitas , Baues Christian , Fuchs Michael , Borchmann Peter , Engert Andreas , Dietlein Markus , Voltin Conrad-Amadeus , Kobe Carsten 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background18F -fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) plays an important role in the staging and response assessment of lymphoma patients. Our aim was to explore the prognostic relevance of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in patients with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD16 trial.Methods18F-FDG PET/CT images were available for MTV and TLG analysis in 107 cases from the HD16 trial. We calculated MTV and TLG using three different threshold methods (SUV4.0, SUV41% and SUV140%L), and then performed receiver-operating-characteristic analysis to assess the prognostic impact of these parameters in predicting an adequate therapy response with PET negativity after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. ResultsAll three threshold methods analyzed for MTV and TLG calculation showed a certain correlation with the PET response after 2 cycles chemotherapy. The largest area under the curve (AUC) was observed using the fixed threshold of SUV4.0 for MTV- calculation (AUC 0.69 [95% CI 0.55-0.83]) and for TLG-calculation (AUC 0.69 [0.55-0.82]). The calculations for MTV and TLG with a relative threshold showed a lower AUC: using SUV140%L AUCs of 0.66 [0.53-0.80] for MTV and 0.67 for TLG [0.54-0.81]) were observed, while with SUV41% an AUC of 0.61 [0.45-0.76] for MTV, and an AUC 0.64 [0.49-0.80]) for TLG were seen.ConclusionsMTV and TLG do have a predictive value after two cycles ABVD in early stage Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly when using the fixed threshold of SUV4.0 for MTV and TLG calculation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00736320.
The vampire: Thwarted mythical ancestor and symbol of the thwarted male sexual potential
Authors: Radulović Lidija 
Published: February 2022

Ethnographic literature from the late eighteenth and during the course of nineteenth and twentieth century, presents us with a diverse but insufficiently conceptualized notions based on which vampire could be discussed in the context of aberrant life, untypical death, or inadequate burial practice. The structure of ancestral cult, containing among other things ideas of the "nature" of interrelationships between the living and the dead, is only one of the constructions imitating the ideological discourse of old-fashioned cultural pattern, certain relations in the society and structural order. Relations between the living and the dead are limited to ones on the male side, implying the reciprocal obligation: on one hand, respect of the burial rituals and mourning determine the "posthumous destiny", as well as the obligation of sacrificial offerings to godly ancestors, on the other the requirement of ancestors to protect and watch over their descendants in return. In order to be able to reproduce at all a community must mind the deceased’s soul, i.e. prevent the possible demonization by properly observing the rituals. In that sense, notions of vampires and the devil are emblematic warnings of the fact that each deceased, necessarily, is not an ancestor, and that the ideal model of generational hierarchy and of awe sustained by the proclaimed old-fashioned relations is actually relative, that is to say the notions of vampires and the devil point to the split in generations and to the governing relations in an old-fashioned society. Directly dependant on the male descendents, aberrant life as well as the aberrant "posthumous destiny" are mechanisms for excluding from the social relations with the dead the ones that can not be given the status of ancestors, so we can conceive them as thwarted mythical ancestors.
In the second part of the paper, I endeavored to demonstrate that the conceptions of masculinity could also be deconstructed through analysis of mythical imagery, for mythological images of say vampires are based on contradictions between objectively different scripts – religious and secular ones. Images of vampires could as well be viewed as symbolic constructions of certain masculinity patterns, first of all church, non-Christian (pagan) and secular patterns that collide. The collision of different masculine scripts results in repression of those not belonging to public Orthodox discourse, so the latent processes of Christianization implicitly reproduced the notions of vampire as thwarted male sexual potential.