bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term nitrogen addition increased soil microbial carbon use efficiency in subalpine forests on the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Wenwu , Zhu Wanze , Li Xia , Ma Shenglan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims Nitrogen (N) deposition increased forest carbon (C) sink significantly, hence exploring the microscopic mechanisms is critical to predicting future global ecosystem C cycle, especially the effects of enhanced N deposition on soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), which still unclear.Methods We evaluated the responses of soil microbial CUE to long-term (5 years) N addition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest and a mature coniferous forest by using a 13C isotope tracing method.Results The results showed that the soil microbial CUE ranged from 0.38 to 0.51, which was smaller than the results obtained from the previous studies based the same method and forest type. In evergreen broad-leaved forest, the microbial CUE had no significant changes in the low N-addition treatment, but it was increased by 9.23% and 12.69% in medium and high N-addition treatments compared to the control. In coniferous forest, soil microbial CUE was increased by 14.64%, 21.89% and 24.34% in low, medium and high N-addition treatments, respectively. Moreover, the soil C:P and N:P are negatively relate to soil microbial CUE.Conclusions Our findings indicate that the enhancing N deposition can increase soil microbial CUE and ultimately promote C sequestration, especially in coniferous forest. The imbalance of soil stoichiometry is the main impact factor of CUE under N addition. However, we speculate that the key to enhance forest soil C sequestration is to promote the decomposition rate of litter and thus increase the available carbon content.
A Peroxidase-like Single-Atom Fe-N5 Active Site for Effective Killing Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhu Liye , Zhong Hong , Du Dan , Li Tao , Nguyen Hoai , Beckman Scott P. , Xu Wentao , Li Jin-Cheng , Cheng Nan , Lin Yuehe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Single-atom catalyst (SAC) is one of the newest catalysts, and attracting people’s wide attention in cancer therapy based on their characteristics of maximum specific catalytic activity and high stability.
Methods
This study designed and synthesized a Fe-N decorated graphene nanosheet (Fe-N5/GN SAC) with the coordination number of five. Its material characteristics were detected by different methods including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Also, its enzyme-like properties were calculated based on Density functional theory (DFT). In addition, 3D cancer cell models were constructed and cytotoxic effects of Fe-N5/GN SAC were tested by flow cytometry and RT-PCR.
Results
Through enzymology and theoretical calculations, the Fe-N5/GN SAC has outstanding intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity due to single-atom Fe site with five-N-coordination structure. It could kill human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) by decomposing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into toxic ROS under acidic microenvironment condition to induce the cell apoptosis in 3D lung cancer cell model.
Conclusion
Our study synthesized a novel SAC with peroxidase-like catalytic activity for tumor therapy. And it demonstrates a promising application of SAC with highly efficient single-atom catalytic sites for cancer treatment.
Do Green Bonds Offer a Diversification Opportunity During COVID19? - An Empirical Evidence from Energy, Crypto, and Carbon Markets
Authors: Yadav Miklesh Prasad , Kumar Satish , Mukherjee Deepraj , Rao Purnima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Using the S&P green bond index (RSPGB), this study attempts to unravel the connectedness of the green bond with energy, crypto, and carbon markets. We use MAC global solar energy index (RMGS) and ISE global wind energy index (RIGW) as proxies of the energy market. In addition, we consider Bitcoin and the European energy exchange carbon index (REEX) for the cryptocurrency, and carbon market, respectively. Using the daily data from October 1, 2015, to December 13, 2021, of these constituent markets, we employ Diebold Yilmaz (2012), Barunik and Krehlik (2017), and wavelet coherence. The result reveals that the energy market (RMGS) has the highest connectedness derived from other asset classes, and bitcoin (RBTC) has the least connectedness. In addition, we note that risk transmission is heterogeneous in different scales as the short period has less connectedness than the medium and long run. Hence, the overall diversification opportunity among green bonds, energy stock, Bitcoin, and the carbon market is more in the short-run than in the medium and long-run. Surprisingly, there is no lead-lag relationship among these markets. This study provides insights to investors, policymakers, and portfolio managers.
Evaluation of the knowledge and attitudes of pediatric neurologists regarding ketogenic diet therapy and telemedicine applications in the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ünalp Aycan , Yılmaz Ünsal , Karaoğlu Pakize , Kırkgöz Hatice Hilal , Yavuz Merve 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused some difficulties in ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) applications. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of pediatric neurologists about KDT and telemedicine applications during the pandemic by conducting a survey.Material and method: Among all pediatric neurologists in Turkey, those who wanted to participate in the study were included and were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions. The questionnaire was sent via electronic communication channels (e.g., WhatsApp, e-mail).Results: Thirty-six (64%) of the participants stated that their preference for KDT did not decrease, and 40 (73%) said that there was no change in their preference for KDT in hospitalized patients. Forty-one (73%) pediatric neurologists were in contact with their patients via telemedicine. Fifty-three (95%) of the participants thought that KDT could be easily sustained during the pandemic process and did not need to be terminated, 25 (45%) thought that it was more challenging to use KDT during the pandemic period.Conclusion: In the present study, it was determined that pediatric neurologists were interested in using KDT during the pandemic and thus turned to telemedicine as a method of application. Most of them stated that utilizing KDT during the pandemic period is a personalized and advanced treatment. There is a need to create an infrastructure (medicolegal) so that reference centers with experience in KDT can switch to telemedicine applications. Thus, patients who require KDT would have exposure to best practices during the pandemic.
Occupational risk variation of nasopharyngeal cancer in the Nordic countries
Authors: Carpén Timo , Gille Evelina , Hammarstedt-Nordenvall Lalle , Hansen Johnni , Heikkinen Sanna , Lynge Elsebeth , Selander Jenny , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Torfadottir Jóhanna Eyrún , Mäkitie Antti , Pukkala Eero 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to estimate occupational risk variation in the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in a large population-based cohort of the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) study.Methods: This study is based on a cohort of almost 15 million persons from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, with 2898 nasopharyngeal cancer cases diagnosed in 1961-2005. The data on occupations were gathered from population censuses and cancer data from the national cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using the national NPC incidence rates as the reference. Results: There were 1980 male and 918 female NPC patients. The highest SIRs of NPC were observed among male waiters (SIR 3.69, 95% CI 1.91–6.45) and cooks and stewards (SIR 2.24, 95% CI 1.16–3.91). Among women, launderers had the highest SIR of NPC (2.04, 95% CI 1.02–3.65). Significantly decreased SIRs were found among male farmers (SIR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68–0.92) and male textile workers (SIR 0.49, 95% CI 0.22–0.93). Conclusions: This study suggests that NPC may be associated with several work-related exposure agents such as smoking, kitchen air pollution and solvents. In future, occupational exposure-risk relations should be studied to understand more about causality and to assess effective prevention strategies.
Bias and Inconsistency in the Estimation of Tumour Mutation Burden
Authors: Makrooni Mohammad A. , O'Sullivan Brian , Seoighe Cathal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Tumour mutation burden (TMB), defined as the number of somatic mutations per megabase within the sequenced region in the tumour sample, has been used as a biomarker for predicting response to immune therapy. Several studies have been conducted to assess the utility of TMB for various cancer types; however, methods to measure TMB have not been adequately evaluated. In this study, we identified two sources of bias in current methods to calculate TMB.Methods: We used simulated data to quantify the two sources of bias and their effect on TMB calculation, we down-sampled sequencing reads from exome sequencing datasets from TCGA to evaluate the consistency in TMB estimation across different sequencing depths. We analyzed data from ten cancer cohorts to investigate the relationship between inferred TMB and sequencing depth. Results: We found that TMB, estimated by counting the number of somatic mutations above a threshold frequency (typically 0.05), is not robust to sequencing depth. Furthermore, we show that, because only mutations with an observed frequency greater than the threshold are considered, the observed mutant allele frequency provides a biased estimate of the true frequency. This can result in substantial over-estimation of the TMB, when the cancer sample includes a large number of somatic mutations at low frequencies, and exacerbates the lack of robustness of TMB to variation in sequencing depth and tumour purity. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that care needs to be taken in the estimation of TMB to ensure that results are unbiased and consistent across studies and we suggest that accurate and robust estimation of TMB could be achieved using statistical models that estimate the full mutant allele frequency spectrum.
Testicular Histone Hyperacetylation in Mice by Valproic Acid Administration Affects the Next Generation by Changes in Sperm DNA Methylation
Authors: Sakai Kazuya , Hara Kenshiro , Tanemura Kentaro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Various reports have described epigenetic transgenerational inheritance through sperm. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we focused on DNA methylation and analyzed the effects on the next generation of sperm from mice treated with valproic acid (VPA) as an inducer of epigenomic changes. Administration of 200 mg/kg/day VPA to mice for 4 weeks caused transient histone hyperacetylation in the testes and DNA methylation changes in sperm, including promoter CpGs of genes related to brain function. Oocytes fertilized by VPA-treated mouse sperm showed some methylation fluctuations at the morula stage. Pups fathered by these mice also showed behavioral changes in the light/dark transition test after maturation. Brain RNA-seq of these mice showed decreased expression of many genes related to brain and neural function. Comparison of the sperm DNA methylation status of the next generation of mice with that of the parental generation revealed the disappearance of the methylation changes observed in the sperm of the parental generation. These findings suggest that VPA-treated mice may be a useful simple epigenetic transgenerational inheritance model for histone hyperacetylation.
Regionalized Compensation Method for Nonlinear Error Control
Authors: Wei Wei , Tang Qingchun , Wang Yutao , Wang Taizi , Zhang Chenyang , Pan Yingguang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although the five-axis machine tool presents excellent advantages of high-speed, -efficiency, and -precision machining of complex curved surface parts (impeller and blade), its actual motion demonstrates nonlinear principle error due to the participation of the rotating axis. Traditional methods, such as linear interpolation, Rotation Tool Centre Point(RTCP), and tool point optimization, can effectively control nonlinear errors despite their limitations. A regional compensation optimization method is proposed in this study to solve nonlinear error problems effectively in five-axis machining of complex curved surface parts. First, feature points of the complex free-form surface are identified, and regions are divided to distinguish the compensation optimization algorithm of each interval. Second, JAVA language is applied to develop a special postprocessor with nonlinear error partition compensation module. Finally, the BV100 machine tool is used as the experimental platform, and a turbine blade is utilized as the specimen for simulation and cutting experiments. Results showed that the surface quality and contour accuracy of machined parts improved when the nonlinear error regional compensation optimization algorithm is used.
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, and in-silico studies of some 4-thiazolidinone hybrids bearing coumarin and pyridine moiety
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C , Mehta Harsh K , Jethawa Aratiba M , Monapara Jahnvi D , Khedkar Vijay M , Dave Bharti P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to mankind. Many frontline medications are ineffective against antimicrobial-resistant strains which are also responsible for the high mortality rate worldwide. The emergence to create new sets of antimicrobial agents is a priority in present circumstances. In continuation to this, we have strategically designed and synthesized some novel hybrids of 4-thiazolidinone bearing coumarin and pyridine cores for the evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy against microbial pathogens. A three-step multicomponent reaction was performed via imine formation, cyclization, and Michael condensation for the synthesis of titled compounds (5a-o). The synthesized compounds were characterized by various analytical techniques i.e., IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. On evaluating the potency of our synthesized hybrids, we received some promising results. Compound 5m was found to be the most active with a MIC value of 50 µg/mL against S. aureus and 250 µg/mL against C. albicans strains. Further, a molecular docking study against microbial DNA gyrase was carried out to understand the binding profile of synthesized molecules, support their in-vitro antimicrobial activity and gain an insight into their plausible mechanism of action. Their binding affinity scores correlated well with the in-vitro antimicrobial activities while their binding modes proposed the involvement of steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions with the active site.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals sympathetic system and immune-inflammation biomarkers in serum of drug-free obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Xiao Zeping , Wang Yuan , Deng Miaohan , Zhang Haiyin , Fan Qing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental disorder, of which the mechanism is unclear. Biomarker detection will help in the mechanism exploration, early diagnosis and targeted treatment. Therefore, we conducted an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis to compare serum proteome profile between OCD patients and healthy control, in order to find out the possible biomarkers of OCD and their underlying mechanisms. 81 drug-free OCD patients and 78 healthy controls were enrolled. A total of 479 proteins were identified and only those with a fold change ≥ 1.2 and p value༜0.05 were accepted as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). 7 up-regulated proteins, and 28 down-regulated ones were discovered. Besides dopamine beta-hydroxylase that plays a part in sympathetic system, lots of other DEPs are involved in immuno-inflammatory process. These DEPs were enriched in 44 gene ontology (GO) terms. However, none of KEGG pathway was detected significantly enriched. Our study suggested these sympathetic system and immuno-inflammation related proteins as potential biomarkers of OCD. Especially, immuno-inflammation may play an important role in OCD pathophysiology. Further researches employing larger sample sizes, longitudinal design and multi-omics methodology will be needed to verify our results and clarify the role of DEPs in OCD.
Smoking cessation in pregnant women using financial incentives: a feasibility study.
Authors: Kroder T. A. , Peters L. L. , Roggeveld A. , Holtrop M. , Harshagen L. , Klein L. M. , Erwich J. J.H.M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background The high prevalence of smoking pregnant women in Dutch areas with lower socioeconomic status and the consecutively harmful exposure to tobacco to both mother and child, depicted a high need for a novel intervention. According to other studies, the utilisation of financial incentives appeared to be a promising method for smoking cessation in pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of implementing contingent financial incentives as smoking cessation support for pregnant women in the Netherlands.Methods Feasibility study consisting of four developmental phases: (1) acceptability of Dutch population regarding financial-incentive-intervention by conducting an online questionnaire, (2) composing a pilot study utilising the financial-incentive-intervention in clinical practice, (3) execution of the composed pilot study and (4) evaluation of the executed pilot study utilising a mixed-methods approach. A financial-incentive-intervention, given in a contingent financial scheme (during five consequential appointments, respectively €25/€50/€100/€150/€250), if smoking abstinence was proven by the amount of cotinine in the urine of the pregnant women measured utilising a urine dipstick test.The public acceptability for the financial-incentive-intervention was assessed using 5-Likert scales. The number of pregnant women able to abstain from smoking during the pilot study and utilising the financial-incentive-intervention in clinical practice were used to assess the prosperity and practicality of the pilot study respectively. The pilot study was evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. Results In total, 55.1% of the Dutch population sample (n=328) found a financial incentive inappropriate for smoking cessation in pregnant women, while the healthcare professionals and pilot study participants thought the financial-incentive-intervention to be a helpful approach. Eleven vouchers were given during the pilot study, and one woman completed all test points and tested negative for cotinine at the end of the pilot study.Conclusion Although the financial-incentive-intervention appeared to be a promising approach for smoking cessation in pregnant women, the acceptability of the Dutch population and the number of pregnant women able to abstain smoking during this pilot study was low. Despite the limited study population, this study proved the concept of this financial-incentive-intervention to be feasible for implementation in the Netherlands. Trial registration: Not applicable since this is a feasibility study prior to a trial.
The endometrial preparation protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist with hormone replacement therapy can improve the reproductive outcomes in women under FET cycles: a retrospective study.
Authors: Yu Juanjuan , Xiao Qimeng , Lv Mu , Chen Juan , Chen Peiqin , Lou Liqun , Luo Yifan , Hu Meiyan , chen Xiong , Zhang Zhenbo , Bai Mingzhu , Li Linxia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most commonly used method for the endometrial preparation before frozen embryo transfer (FET), but whether pretreatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) could improve live birth rates remains controversial. This study aims at examining the efficacy of GnRH-a with HRT in the preparation of the endometrium during FET cycles.Methods: The retrospective cohort research of clinical files between January 2016 and October 2020. A total of 6,034 infertile women received HRT as endometrial preparation during the FET cycle at two Reproductive Medicine Centers. Based on whether or not GnRH-a was pretreatment, the study was divided into two groups: HRT cycles consisted of 2404 cycles as the HRT group, and HRT with GnRH-a cycle consisted of 2402 cycles as the GnRHa-HRT group. The primary outcome measure was the live birth rate. Secondary endpoints included the rate of implantation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, biochemical abortion, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, preterm delivery, term delivery, low birth weight infant and fetal macrosomia as well as birth weight.Result(s): Among 4,806 participants, baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Compared with the HRT group, HRT pretreatment with GnRH-a significantly increased pregnancy outcomes of FET, such as live birth rates (44.5% VS. 38.1%; P=0.000, OR 1.30,95%CI 1.16-1.46), implantation rate (37.9%VS. 33.0%; P=0.000; OR 1.24,95%CI 1.13-1.35). And the GnRHa-HRT group and the HRT group had similar rates of pregnancy loss (25.1% VS. 27.8%; P=0.107, OR 0.87,95%CI 0.74-1.03). GnRHa pretreated with HRT resulted in an increased risk of fetal macrosomia (20.9% VS. 17.3%; P=0.025, OR 1.264,95%CI 1.03-1.55). The other pregnancy complications such as ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancies and preterm delivery were no statistical significance between the two protocols.Conclusion(s): Pretreatment with GnRH-a can improve the reproductive outcomes and may increase the risk of pregnancy with macrocephaly, in women receiving HRT in endometrial preparation under FET cycles.
AMPK is a mechano-metabolic sensor linking cell adhesion and mitochondrial dynamics to Myosin II dependent cell migration
Authors: Sanz-Moreno Victoria , Crosas-Molist Eva Crosas-Molist , Maiques Oscar , Graziani Vittoria , Pandya Pahini , Monger Jo , Samain REmi , George Samantha , Malik Saba , Salise Jerrine , Le_guennec Adrien , Atkinson Robert , Conte Maria , Holt Mark , Charras Guillaume 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cell migration are crucial for development, immunity and cancer dissemination. We find that AMPK controls cell migration by acting as an adhesion sensing molecular hub. In 3-dimensional (3D) matrices, fast migrating amoeboid cancer cells exert low adhesion/low traction linked to lower energy levels; while their low ATP/AMP ratio leads to AMPK activation. In turn, AMPK plays a dual role controlling both mitochondrial dynamics and cytoskeletal remodelling. High AMPK in low adhering migratory cells, induces mitochondrial fission via MFF phosphorylation, resulting in lower OXPHOS and lower mitochondrial ATP. At the same time, AMPK phosphorylates and inactivates MYPT1, increasing Myosin II dependent amoeboid migration. Reducing adhesion, inducing AMPK activity or inhibiting mitochondrial fusion result in profound cytoskeletal remodelling and efficient rounded-amoeboid 3D migration and invasion. Moreover, AMPK inhibition suppresses in vivo metastatic potential of amoeboid cancer cells. We measure a mitochondrial/AMPK-driven switch in regions of human tumours where amoeboid cells are actively disseminating. We unveil how mitochondrial dynamics control cell migration and suggest that AMPK is a master “mechano-metabolic sensor” at the crossroads between energetics and the actomyosin cytoskeleton.