bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NEXT complex regulates H3K27me3 levels to affect cancer progression by degrading G4/U-rich lncRNAs
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Zhou Zihan , Li Lian , Lu Runhui , Hou Guofang , Huang Caihu , Huang Jiayi , Li Hongyan , Zhang Yafan , Li Junya , Zhang Yixin , Xu Anan , Chen Ran , Wang Yanli , Zhao Xian , Huang Jian , Wang Yiwei , Zhao Xiaojing , Yu Jianxiu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is responsible for depositing H3K27me3 and plays essential roles in gene silencing during development and cancer. Meanwhile, the nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT) complex facilitates the degradation of numerous noncoding RNAs in the nucleoplasm. Here we find that the functional deficiency of the NEXT complex leads to an overall decrease in H3K27me3 levels. Specifically, ZCCHC8 depletion results in significant upregulation of nascent long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) containing G-quadruplex (G4) and U-Rich motifs (G4/U-Rich lncRNAs). The G4 motif binds to EZH2, blocking the chromatin recruitment of PRC2, while the U-Rich motif is specifically recognized by the NEXT complex for RNA exosome-mediated degradation. In tumor tissues with high ZCCHC8 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, the NEXT complex excessively degrades nascent G4/U-Rich lncRNAs. Consequently, PRC2 core subunits are released and recruited to neighboring genomic loci, resulting in increased H3K27me3 levels and downregulation of adjacent genes, including tumor suppressors like SEMA5A and ARID1A. Notably, the EZH2 inhibitor Tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) exhibits greater sensitivity in cells with higher ZCCHC8 expression. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism that the NEXT complex regulates H3K27me3 levels by degrading nascent G4/U-Rich lncRNAs in cancer cells.
Evolving a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase for commercial enzymatic DNA synthesis
Authors: Forget Stephanie M , Krawczyk Mikayla J , Knight Anders M , Ching Charlene , Copeland Rachelle A , Mahmoodi Niusha , Mayo Melissa A , Nguyen James , Tan Amanda , Miller Mathew , Vroom Jonathan , Lutz Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Enzymatic DNA synthesis, using stepwise nucleotide addition catalyzed by template-independent polymerases, promises higher efficiency, quality, and sustainability than today’s industry-standard phosphoramidite-based processes. We report the directed evolution of a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase that uses 3′-phosphate-blocked 2′-deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to control the polymerization reaction. Over 32 iterative rounds of laboratory evolution, 80 amino acid substitutions—constituting ∼20% of the coding protein sequence—were introduced. The engineered polymerase exhibits uniformly high catalytic activity, raising incorporation efficiency by 200-fold to &gt;99% for dNTPs with a 3′-reversible terminator while reducing extension times by &gt;600-fold to 90 s. The same enzyme variant displays improved enzyme robustness, as reflected in the 20°C increase in thermostability. Based on these performance characteristics, the engineered polymerase represents an operational prototype for biocatalytic DNA synthesis at a commercial scale.
The Rise and Fall of Cranial Deformation in Southwestern France
Authors: Crubézy Eric , Gérard Patrice , Paya Didier , Fleury Guillaume , Djouad Sélim , Duchesne Sylvie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In southwest France, cranial deformations, common from the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries, were rooted in religious change and the cultural evolution of headwear fashion. A headdress was placed on an infant’s head after baptism and remained a part of women’s attire throughout their lives, while men wore hats. As fashion evolved again in the nineteenth century, the deformations gradually disappeared, leaving little trace in the popular memory, because they were invisible in the public space and the practice was bound up with major societal changes. Previously, from the fifth to the sixth centuries AD, cranial deformation was associated with a specific fashion among the Visigothic elite during the migrations from east Europe; the practice quickly disappeared when a new Frankish elite came to power.
Icons in Time
Authors: Mac Carthy Ita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For five centuries, Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso has enjoyed the status of literary icon. Traversing space and time, it has traveled within and outside Italy, often in the company of Boiardo’s Orlando innamorato and Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata, to be widely read across borders of class, gender, and race. This chapter introduces Ariosto and his iconic companions to new readers. It explores how the Furioso comes to represent manifold things relating to Italy and its past: from the chivalric imaginary to evolutions in the epic-romance genre; from the culture and society of early modern Emilia-Romagna to the Italian Renaissance as a whole. Considering a little-known chapter of the Furioso’s nineteenth-century fortunes, it examines how Ariosto and Boiardo were received in Britain through the refracted light of Italian unification and goes on to reflect on how Italian icons can be used or abused, then as now, both at home and abroad.
Strategic Culture
Authors: Becker Jordan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concept of strategic culture is central to understanding NATO. Strategic culture is defined as a multi-dimensional set of ideational factors that shape groups’ collective understandings of how to influence other actors or groups to advance their priorities. Two key questions frame this enquiry. First, whether there is an emerging NATO strategic culture, to which the answer is probably not right now, and only in fits and starts in the past. Second, how do national strategic cultures affect the behaviour of allies, to which the answer is to a significant extent. On both questions, strategic culture has a wealth of scholarship to draw upon, but the concept remains a work in progress. It is an underexplored and potentially fertile area of study for scholars interested in NATO allies’ (and other states’) behaviour. It is of particular relevance when considering allied burden-sharing.
Partnerships
Authors: Petersson Magnus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Partnerships are a way of extending NATO’s purposes and influence beyond its membership, and of preparing non-members for accession. In this chapter, the development of NATO’s partnership policy is divided into three phases: from the end of the Cold War to 11 September 2001 (9/11); from 9/11 to the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014; and the period after 2014. In this chapter, the treatment of these three phases is framed by a number of questions: why was the partnership policy launched by NATO and how has it developed? What has been the partnership policy and what structures has it entailed? And how can the partnership policy and the cooperation with partners be characterized?
Bone Tool Technology
Authors: David Éva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter presents the main bone and antler tool types used in the daily activities of populations during the Mesolithic, along with the technical principles and concepts underlying their manufacture and utilization. Three industrial systems are recognized as distinct templates used in animal-based material exploitation (including sea shell). Their identification indicates that the regular production of tools made from animal carcasses resulted from technical choices derived from, linked to, or embedded in subsistence strategies. The emergence of compound tools appears to be specific to the Mesolithic period and is discussed based on evidence found on the hunting and fishing gear with non-detachable heads as well as on the socketed heavy-duty tools. The diverse hafting and gripping (including different kinds of engraving) systems point to distinct chronological periods. Mesolithic hunters and gatherers also used their equipment as a means of expressing symbolic thoughts through a tangible relationship in their art of decorating certain bone points and bevel-ended tools and, even, of covering the body of the deceased with osseous materials in the tombs.
Orwell’s Beasts
Authors: Gibbs Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines George Orwell’s portrayal of animals in his book-length works, from Down and Out in Paris and London (1933) to Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). It argues that Orwell deploys the animal figure in three literary modes: the descriptive, the metaphorical, and the symbolic. His renderings of faunae, both wild and domestic, support a single theme: that engagement with the natural world is necessary in order to counter the intellectual and emotional degradation that both industrialism and political extremism foster. In Orwell’s oeuvre, nature’s productive anarchy is an antidote to the economic and governmental regimes’ social engineering, and the destruction of self it entails.
Orwell and Childhood
Authors: Keeble Richard Lance 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In his exploration of Orwell’s ‘plain style’, Alex Woloch highlights ‘forms of absence, neglect, occlusion and deprivation’ and suggests there is ‘a strange blankness, or emptiness, at the deliberate heart of his work’. Following on from that, this chapter, in focusing on Orwell’s comments about childhood, argues that he tends to blend, tantalizingly, revelation with reticence, openness with silence. Fictionalization crucially helps to provide a certain distance for Orwell to deal with difficult, even traumatic events. André Gide wrote of Oscar Wilde’s dramas that ‘the greatest interest lies between the lines’. Indeed, Orwell always invites us to read his works critically—and between the lines. This is particularly relevant to his writings on childhood.
Orwell, Englishness, and Class
Authors: Clarke Ben 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues that from the late 1930s Orwell’s patriotism was integral to his socialism and that it was oriented towards the future rather than to the past, to the production of a new, egalitarian England rather than to the recovery of a lost, hierarchical one. Focusing on Coming Up for Air, which is often described as his most nostalgic novel, it argues that the text challenges conservative ideas of England that identified the country with a myth of unchanging rural communities whose coherence and stability was founded on traditional class structures. Bowling’s failure to return to the Lower Binfield of his childhood, which he imagines in these terms, insists on the impossibility of a retreat from modernity. The novel is an important part of Orwell’s contribution to contemporary left-wing claims that nations were materially and culturally specific sites of political struggle.
Orwell and Bertrand Russell
Authors: Brian Barry Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Two of the great Englishmen of the twentieth century, George Orwell and Bertrand Russell, were mutual admirers and sympathetic collaborators. That Orwell was familiar with and thought highly of Russell’s work is well known, yet a pervasive interpretation of Orwell as being scarcely capable of understanding philosophical monographs is persistent. Russell is a demonstrable influence on Orwell’s thought, although the full range of Russell’s influence has not always been appreciated, especially as it pertains to Orwell’s philosophical commitments. Russell’s views about power greatly influenced Orwell’s piqued interest in the topic during the 1940s, and Russell’s sympathies with British sentimentalism are discernible in Orwell’s own favoured moral psychology. There is also reason to think that Russell inspired a memorable passage in Nineteen Eighty-Four where Winston cannot recall the fallacy of which he suspects O’Brien is guilty: the unnamed fallacy likely has its origins in Russell’s critique of idealism.
Orwell and Victor Serge
Authors: Vaninskaya Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers a comparative analysis of George Orwell and the francophone writer and socialist revolutionary of Russian origin, Victor Serge (1890–1947). It first traces the biographical and political connections between the two authors and then undertakes a comparative reading of their fiction, non-fiction, and poetry, focusing on the key contrasts of collectivism vs individualism and hope vs despair. In particular, the chapter explores the thematic parallels and formal differences between Orwell’s and Serge’s novels of totalitarianism and argues that Serge’s commitment to revolutionary hope provides a necessary affective corrective to Orwell’s well-known fixation on failure.
Recurring red flags: a retrospective study of MBRRACE-UK Perinatal Mortality Surveillance (2015–21) to identify maternity services most consistently reporting higher-than-average deaths
Authors: McDonagh Hull P , Boulton T , Lashewicz B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to identify hospital trusts in England most consistently reporting higher-than-average rates of extended perinatal mortality (EPM), including stillbirths and neonatal deaths.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of MBRRACE-UK Perinatal Mortality Surveillance Reports (2015–21) comparing EPM rates for births occurring in 124 hospital trusts in England between 2013 and 2019. Utilizing MBRRACE-UK definitions and designations, including coloured bands (red and amber indicate higher death rates), we devised a scoring method to determine which trusts most consistently reported higher-than-average rates of EPM throughout seven years.

Results
We identified 23 (18.5% of 124) ‘red flag’ trusts most consistently falling into MBRRACE-UK red and amber bands. They included Shrewsbury and Telford Hospitals NHS Trust (SaTH) and East Kent Hospitals University Trust, both under investigation during the parliamentary Health and Social Care Committee’s inquiry into the safety of maternity services in England. Seven trusts, including SaTH, reported higher-than-average deaths in all seven years. Indications of regional patterns were evident.

Conclusions
By examining maternity services mortality data over an extended period, patterns of clinical significance may emerge. We found evidence of a minority of trusts in England consistently reporting higher-than-average rates of EPM. These red flags may warrant further attention.
Repeated Evolution of Storage Root and Invasions of Alpine Biome Drove Replicated Radiations of the Megadiverse Corydalis (Papaveraceae) in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Peng Huan-Wen , Ling Yuan-Yuan , Xiang Kun-Li , Erst Andrey S , Li Xiao-Qian , Lian Lian , Liu Bing , Erst Tatyana V , del C. Ortiz Rosa , Jabbour Florian , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interplay of key innovation and ecological opportunity is commonly recognized to be the catalyst for rapid radiation. Underground storage organs (USOs), as a vital ecological trait, are advantageous for adaptation of plants to extreme environments, but receive less attention compared to aboveground organs. Repeated evolution of various USOs has occurred across the plant tree of life. However, whether repeated occurrences of a USO in different clades of a group can promote its replicated radiations in combination with the invasion of similar environments remains poorly known. Corydalis is a megadiverse genus in Papaveraceae and exhibits remarkable variations in USO morphology and biome occupancy. Here, we first generated a robust phylogeny for Corydalis with wide taxonomic and genomic coverage based on plastome and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data. By dating the branching events, reconstructing ancestral ranges, evaluating diversification dynamics, and inferring evolutionary patterns of USOs and biomes and their correlations, we then tested whether the interplay of USO evolution and biome shifts has driven rapid diversification of some Corydalis lineages. Our results indicate that Corydalis began to diversify in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) at ca. 41 Ma, and 88% of dispersals happened through forests, suggesting that forests served as important dispersal corridors for range expansion of the genus. The storage root has originated independently at least six times in Corydalis since the Miocene, and its acquisition could have operated as a key innovation towards the adaptation to the alpine biome in the QTP. Repeated evolution of this game-changing trait and invasions of alpine biome, in combination with geoclimatic changes, could have jointly driven independent radiations of the two clades of Corydalis in the QTP at ca. 6 Ma. Our study provides new insights into the joint contribution of USO repeated evolution and biome shifts to replicated radiations, hence increasing our ability to predict evolutionary trajectories in plants facing similar environmental pressures. [Biome shift; diversification rates; Papaveraceae; phylogenomics; Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; underground storage organs.]
Mast Cells are Key Mediators in the Pulmonary Inflammatory Response to Formaldehyde Exposure
Authors: Gibb Matthew , Reinert Angela N , Schedin Troy , Merrick Daniel T , Brown Jared M , Bauer Alison K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a common chemical linked to respiratory problems such as airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary inflammation. Due to its toxicological effects and ease of mass production, FA is also recognized as a significant chemical threat by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. This study investigates the role of mast cells in the pulmonary inflammatory response to acute high dose FA exposure. Using wild type (C57BL/6J) and mast cell-deficient (KitW-sh) mouse models, we assessed the impact of oropharyngeal aspiration of FA on lung pathology. Our findings reveal that C57BL/6J mice experienced significant increases in cellular infiltration, altered immune cell populations, and changes in lipid mediator profiles. In contrast, KitW-sh mice exhibited significantly reduced inflammatory responses. Notably, the presence of mast cells was associated with enhanced dendritic cell migration and differential production of bioactive lipid mediators, such as specialized pro-resolving mediators and pro-inflammatory leukotrienes in C57BL/6J mice. These results highlight the crucial role of mast cells in the immune response to formaldehyde and suggest they could be therapeutic targets for treating FA-induced lung inflammation.
The Effects of the Physical and Professional Workplace Environments on the Well-Being of Nursing Staff
Authors: Jennings Rebecca , Outhwaite Ian , Granek Iris , Haq Farah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nursing services are often compromised by excessive stress, burnout, and low job satisfaction. These experiences can cause nurses to leave jobs or the profession entirely, exacerbating staffing deficiencies that can have deleterious consequences for patient care.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine which aspects of the physical and social hospital environments might be related to nurses' well-being. Identifying factors and intervening in areas that could reduce staff stress and burnout or improve job satisfaction could help combat nursing staff turnover and improve patient outcomes.

Methods:
A total of 2,115 nurses at one tertiary health care campus were anonymously surveyed using Qualtrics. Of these, 393 returned their surveys and provided informed consent. Outcome measures included overall psychological stress, burnout, job satisfaction, and job stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software.

Results:
Nurses' appreciation of the physical workplace environment was strongly associated with a positive perception of outcome measures, notably job satisfaction. There was a strong correlation between all outcome measures and nurses' perception of control over their practice, independent of their perception of their physical environment.

Conclusion:
This study supports the idea that improvements in nurses' physical working environment can improve nursing staff well-being and job satisfaction. Notably, interventions that are designed to make it easier for nurses to perform their duties may have a positive impact on their well-being. In workplace environments, these include improving orientation, reducing excessive noise, and facilitating increased control over nursing practice by and for nursing staff.
Nationwide Assessment of Gestational Age Distribution at Delivery for Patients With Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Einerson Brett D. , Matsuzaki Shinya , Pon Fay F. , Chavez Jimenez Zaira N. , Yao Jennifer A. , Buckley de Meritens Alexandre , Benipal Savvy , Givens Matthew B. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Silver Robert M. , Wright Jason D. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the distribution of gestational age at delivery for patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in the United States.

METHODS:
This serial cross-sectional study examined 26,375 hospital deliveries with a diagnosis code for PAS identified in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2021. Descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the distribution of gestational age at delivery of patients with PAS and related obstetric characteristics. The incidence of PAS codes was also assessed among 21,212,493 hospital deliveries.

RESULTS:
The majority of patients with PAS delivered preterm (before 37 weeks of gestation, 56.9%); 43.1% delivered at term (37 weeks of gestation or more). Compared with patients with PAS who had preterm deliveries, those with PAS who had term deliveries were more likely to deliver vaginally (32.0% vs 6.9%) and in a rural-setting (9.7% vs 2.3%) or small-bed-capacity (18.6% vs 8.4%) hospital and were less likely to have placenta previa (9.3% vs 50.5%) and increta and percreta subtypes (8.6% vs 27.4%) (all P<.001). Incidences of hemorrhage or blood transfusion or both (62.9% vs 71.5%), shock or coagulopathy or both (6.2% vs 9.8%), hysterectomy (25.6% vs 65.3%), urinary tract injury (2.5% vs 10.0%), and maternal mortality (0.0% vs 0.2%) were lower for patients with PAS who had term compared with preterm deliveries (all P<.001). When any hospital deliveries were included in the analysis, 1 in every 804 delivering patients had a diagnosis of PAS. The incidence sharply decreased from 1 in 83–300 hospital deliveries in the preterm period to 1 in 705–3,037 hospital deliveries after 37 weeks of gestation. The incidence of PAS increased by 15.4% (95% CI, 10.7–20.4), from 114.8 to 132.5 per 100,000 hospital deliveries during the 6-year study period (P trend<.001).

CONCLUSION:
In this nationwide, cross-sectional study in the United States, nearly 40% of patients with PAS delivered at term and had distinct clinical and obstetric characteristics and outcomes compared with patients with PAS who delivered preterm. Continued increase in the incidence of PAS at the national level calls for attention and evaluation.