bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-fine Entity Typing with Indirect Supervision from Natural Language Inference
Authors: Li Bangzheng , Yin Wenpeng , Chen Muhao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The task of ultra-fine entity typing (UFET) seeks to predict diverse and free-form words or phrases that describe the appropriate types of entities mentioned in sentences. A key challenge for this task lies in the large number of types and the scarcity of annotated data per type. Existing systems formulate the task as a multi-way classification problem and train directly or distantly supervised classifiers. This causes two issues: (i) the classifiers do not capture the type semantics because types are often converted into indices; (ii) systems developed in this way are limited to predicting within a pre-defined type set, and often fall short of generalizing to types that are rarely seen or unseen in training.
This work presents LITE🍻, a new approach that formulates entity typing as a natural language inference (NLI) problem, making use of (i) the indirect supervision from NLI to infer type information meaningfully represented as textual hypotheses and alleviate the data scarcity issue, as well as (ii) a learning-to-rank objective to avoid the pre-defining of a type set. Experiments show that, with limited training data, LITE obtains state-of-the-art performance on the UFET task. In addition, LITE demonstrates its strong generalizability by not only yielding best results on other fine-grained entity typing benchmarks, more importantly, a pre-trained LITE system works well on new data containing unseen types.1
The Influence of the Diurnal Cycle in Wind Shear and Thermodynamics on Squall Lines in the West African Monsoon
Authors: Bickle Megan , Marsham John H. , Griffiths Stephen D. , Ross Andrew N. , Crook Julia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The West African monsoon has a clear diurnal cycle in boundary layer properties, synoptic flow, and moist convection. A nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) brings cool, moist air into the continent and we hypothesize that it may support storms by providing vertical wind shear and a source of moisture. We use idealized simulations to investigate how the mean diurnal cycle in temperature and humidity compared with that of the wind shear impacts on mature squall lines. Thermodynamic diurnal changes dominate those of the winds, although when isolated the LLJ wind is favorable for more intense systems. Bulk characteristics of the storms, including in-cloud upward mass flux and—if precipitation evaporation is accounted for—total surface rain rates, correlate well with the system-relative inflow of convectively unstable air and moisture into the storms. Mean updraft speeds and mean rainfall rates over the storms do not correlate as well with system-relative inflows due to variations in storm morphology such as cold pool intensity. We note that storms tend to move near the speed of the African easterly jet and so maximize the inflow of convectively unstable air. Our results explain the observed diurnal cycle in organized moist convection, with the hours from 1800 to 0000 UTC being the most favorable. Storms are more likely to die after this, despite the LLJ supporting them, with the environment becoming more favorable again by midday.

Significance Statement
Large organized storms dominate rainfall in the West African Sahel, but models struggle to predict them at the correct time of day and the underlying mechanisms that control their timings are not well understood. Using idealized simulations, we show that the temperature and humidity of the late evening are favorable for such storms whereas inflow from the low-level jet supports storms overnight. Storm inflows of available energy and moisture predict upward mass transport and total rainfall rates, whereas the strength of the storm’s cold pool is important for storm structure and intensity. Our results demonstrate how the environmental wind profile (which varies throughout the day) interacts with internal storm dynamics, posing a major challenge to parameterized models.
Observation and Simulation of Low-Level Jet Impacts on 3D Urban Heat Islands in Beijing: A Case Study
Authors: Lin Yi , Wang Chenggang , Yan Jiade , Li Ju , He Songwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, we focused on the impacts of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) low-level jet (LLJ) on the horizontal distribution, vertical development, and 3D structure of urban heat island (UHI). Observational datasets were collected from 224 automatic weather stations (AWSs), and an intensive sounding experiment was conducted in Beijing from 28 August to 2 September 2016. Three-dimensional simulations were operated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The results show the following: Ri was smaller than 0.25 at both urban and suburban stations near the surface when the LLJ was present. Through turbulent mixing, the LLJ extended the horizontal distribution of the canopy UHI downwind and increased the total UHI area by approximately 1 × 103 km2. The temperature lapse rate in the urban area was 0.7°C (100 m)−1 with the LLJ, twice that in the absence of an LLJ. The jet enhanced the vertical mixing above the urban area, accompanied by a near-surface TKE up to 0.52 m2 s−2, elevating the vertical UHI development height to 200 m. The LLJ is capable of increasing the temperature of the downwind urban area by a maximum of 8.5°C h−1 through warm advection. The temperature advection in the upper air caused by the LLJ also tilted the 3D UHI structure as a plume. Results reproduced the process by which the LLJ affect the 3D UHI structure through turbulence and advection, and could also provide ideas regarding the influence of the LLJ in other PBL processes.
Comparison between Weather Signal Simulation in Frequency and Time Domain
Authors: Ivić Igor R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Simulated weather time series are often used in engineering and research practice to assess radar systems behavior and/or to evaluate the performance of novel techniques. There are two main approaches to simulating weather time series. One is based on summing individual returns from a large number of distributed weather particles to create a cumulative return. The other is aimed at creating simulated random signals based on the predetermined values of radar observables and is of interest herein. So far, several methods to simulate weather time series, using the latter approach, have been proposed. All of these methods are based on applying the inverse discrete Fourier transform to the spectral model with added random fluctuations. To meet the desired simulation accuracy, such an approach typically requires generating the number of samples that is larger than the base sample number due to the discrete Fourier transform properties. In that regard, a novel method to determine simulation length is proposed. It is based on a detailed theoretical development that demonstrates the exact source of errors incurred by this approach. Furthermore, a simple method for time series simulation that is based on the autocorrelation matrix exists. This method neither involves manipulations in the spectral domain nor requires generating the number of samples larger than the base sample number. Herein, this method is suggested for weather time series simulation and its accuracy and efficiency are analyzed and compared to the spectral-based approach.

Significance Statement
All research articles published so far on the topic of weather time series simulation propose the use of inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) when based on the desired Doppler moment values. Herein, a detailed theoretical development that demonstrates the exact source of errors incurred by this approach is presented. Also, a novel method to determine the simulation length that is based on the theoretical error computation is proposed. As an alternative, a computationally efficient general method (not using IDFT) previously developed for the simulation of sequences with desired properties is suggested for weather time series simulation. It is demonstrated that the latter method produces accurate results within overall shorter computational times. Moreover, it is shown that the use of graphics processing unit (GPU), ubiquitous in modern computers, significantly reduces computational times compared to the sole use of central processing unit (CPU) for all simulation-related calculations.
Daratumumab in first-line therapy is cost-effective in transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed myeloma
Authors: Yamamoto Chihiro , Minakata Daisuke , Koyama Shunsuke , Sekiguchi Kaoru , Fukui Yuta , Murahashi Rui , Nakashima Hirotomo , Matsuoka Sae , Ikeda Takashi , Kawaguchi Shin-ichiro , Toda Yumiko , Ito Shoko , Nagayama Takashi , Umino Kento , Nakano Hirofumi , Morita Kaoru , Yamasaki Ryoko , Ashizawa Masahiro , Ueda Masuzu , Hatano Kaoru , Sato Kazuya , Ohmine Ken , Fujiwara Shin-ichiro , Kanda Yoshinobu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTriplet regimens, such as lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVd) or thalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (VTd), are standard induction therapies for transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). The addition of daratumumab to RVd and VTd has been investigated in the GRIFFIN and CASSIOPEIA trials, respectively, resulting in improvement in the rate of minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. In this study, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis with a 10-year time horizon to compare first-line and second-line use of daratumumab for transplant-eligible patients with NDMM. Because long-term follow-up data for these clinical trials are not yet available, we developed a Markov model that uses MRD status to predict progression-free survival. Daratumumab was used either in the first-line setting in combination with RVd or VTd or in the second-line setting with carfilzomib plus dexamethasone (Kd). Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated from a Japanese and US payer perspective. In the Japanese analysis, D-RVd showed higher QALYs (5.43 vs 5.18) and lower costs (¥64 479,793 vs ¥71  287 569) compared with RVd, and D-VTd showed higher QALYs (5.67 vs 5.42) and lower costs (¥43  600 310 vs ¥49 471,941) compared with VTd. Similarly, the US analysis demonstrated dominance of a strategy incorporating daratumumab in first-line treatment regimens. Given that overall costs are reduced and outcomes are improved when daratumumab is used as part of a first-line regimen, the economic analysis indicates that addition of daratumumab to first-line RVd and VTd regimens is a dominant strategy compared with reserving its use for the second-line setting.
Real-world use of tisagenlecleucel in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Moskop Amy , Pommert Lauren , Baggott Christina , Prabhu Snehit , Pacenta Holly L. , Phillips Christine L. , Rossoff Jenna , Stefanski Heather E. , Talano Julie-An , Margossian Steve P. , Verneris Michael R. , Myers G. Doug , Karras Nicole A. , Brown Patrick A. , Qayed Muna , Hermiston Michelle L. , Satwani Prakash , Krupski Christa , Keating Amy K. , Wilcox Rachel , Rabik Cara A. , Fabrizio Vanessa A. , Chinnabhandar Vasant , Goksenin A. Yasemin , Curran Kevin J. , Mackall Crystal L. , Laetsch Theodore W. , Guest Erin M. , Breese Erin H. , Schultz Liora M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Infants with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have poor outcomes because of chemotherapy resistance leading to high relapse rates. Tisagenlecleucel, a CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy, is US Food and Drug Administration approved for relapsed or refractory B-ALL in patients ≤25 years; however, the safety and efficacy of this therapy in young patients is largely unknown because children &lt;3 years of age were excluded from licensing studies. We retrospectively evaluated data from the Pediatric Real-World CAR Consortium to examine outcomes of patients with infant B-ALL who received tisagenlecleucel between 2017 and 2020 (n = 14). Sixty-four percent of patients (n = 9) achieved minimal residual disease-negative remission after CART and 50% of patients remain in remission at last follow-up. All patients with high disease burden at time of CART infusion (&gt;M1 marrow) were refractory to this therapy (n = 5). Overall, tisagenlecleucel was tolerable in this population, with only 3 patients experiencing ≥grade 3 cytokine release syndrome. No neurotoxicity was reported. This is the largest report of tisagenlecleucel use in infant B-ALL and shows that this therapy is safe and can be effective in this population. Incorporating this novel immunotherapy into the treatment of infant B-ALL offers a promising therapy for a highly aggressive leukemia.
Relative hypercoagulation induced by suppressed fibrinolysis after tisagenlecleucel infusion in malignant lymphoma
Authors: Yamasaki-Morita Makiko , Arai Yasuyuki , Ishihara Takashi , Onishi Tomoko , Shimo Hanako , Nakanishi Kayoko , Nishiyama Yukiko , Jo Tomoyasu , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Mitsuyoshi Takaya , Mizumoto Chisaki , Kanda Junya , Nishikori Momoko , Kitawaki Toshio , Nogami Keiji , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Nagao Miki , Adachi Souichi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has facilitated progress in treatment of refractory/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A well-known adverse event after CAR-T therapy is cytokine release syndrome(CRS). However, the etiology and pathophysiology of CRS-related coagulopathy remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective cohort study to comprehensively analyze coagulation/ fibrinolysis parameters present in peripheral blood of adult DLBCL patients treated with tisagenlecleucel in a single institution. Samples were collected from 25 patients at 3 time points: before lymphocyte-depletion chemotherapy and on days 3 and 13 after CAR-T infusion. After infusion, all patients except 1 experienced CRS, and 13 required the administration of tocilizumab. A significant elevation in the plasma level of total plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which promotes the initial step of coagulopathy (mean, 22.5 ng/mL before lymphocyte-depletion and 41.0 on day 3, P = .02), was observed at the onset of CRS. Moreover, this suppressed fibrinolysis-induced relatively hypercoagulable state was gradually resolved after CRS remission with normalization of total PAI-1 to preinfusion levels without any organ damage (mean values of soluble fibrin: 3.16 µg/mL at baseline, 8.04 on day 3, and 9.16 on day 13, P &lt; .01; and mean PAI-1: 25.1 ng/mL on day 13). In conclusion, a hypofibrinolytic and relatively hypercoagulable state concomitant with significant total PAI-1 elevation was observed at the onset of CRS even in DLBCL patients with mild CRS. Our results will facilitate understanding of CRS-related coagulopathy, and they emphasize the importance of monitoring sequential coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters during CAR-T therapy.
Hemorrhagic shock due to colonic arteriovenous malformation in late pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Suzuki Toshinao , Murata Satoru 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Intestinal arteriovenous malformations are difficult to detect because they often present asymptomatically. However, pregnancy increases the hemorrhagic risk of intestinal arteriovenous malformations. This can lead to massive bleeding and hemodynamic instability, threatening the lives of both the mother and fetus. We describe a life-threatening case of hemorrhagic shock due to a colonic intestinal arteriovenous malformation during late pregnancy that was successfully treated through endovascular management.

Case presentation
A 36-year-old gravida 1, para 1 woman at 35 weeks’ gestation presented with hemodynamic instability and painless hematochezia. The patient had hemorrhagic shock and required massive transfusion. A colonoscopy failed to secure a visual field due to bloody fluid, and endoscopic hemostasis was difficult. Before the bleeding could be controlled, the condition of the fetus continued to deteriorate, showing bradycardia dysrhythmia. Therefore, an emergency cesarean section was performed, which was successful. However, the bleeding did not subside, with the patient’s hemodynamic instability and hematochezia persisting. An angiogram revealed an ascending colonic intestinal arteriovenous malformation, with extravasation of the contrast medium from a branch of the ileocolic artery. Localized blood flow control and hemodynamic stability were achieved via angioembolization. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged on postoperative day 12. The newborn was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. She successfully recovered and was discharged when she was 22 days old.

Conclusions
We reported a case of colonic intestinal arteriovenous malformation resulting in hemodynamic instability due to hematochezia during late pregnancy, which was successfully treated via angioembolization. Intestinal arteriovenous malformation should be considered as a differential diagnosis in pregnant patients with hemodynamic instability and hematochezia.
Machine learning approach informs biology of cancer drug response
Authors: Zhu Eliot Y. , Dupuy Adam J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The mechanism of action for most cancer drugs is not clear. Large-scale pharmacogenomic cancer cell line datasets offer a rich resource to obtain this knowledge. Here, we present an analysis strategy for revealing biological pathways that contribute to drug response using publicly available pharmacogenomic cancer cell line datasets.

Methods
We present a custom machine-learning based approach for identifying biological pathways involved in cancer drug response. We test the utility of our approach with a pan-cancer analysis of ML210, an inhibitor of GPX4, and a melanoma-focused analysis of inhibitors of BRAFV600. We apply our approach to reveal determinants of drug resistance to microtubule inhibitors.

Results
Our method implicated lipid metabolism and Rac1/cytoskeleton signaling in the context of ML210 and BRAF inhibitor response, respectively. These findings are consistent with current knowledge of how these drugs work. For microtubule inhibitors, our approach implicated Notch and Akt signaling as pathways that associated with response.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the utility of combining informed feature selection and machine learning algorithms in understanding cancer drug response.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of mungbean CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 like genes reveals an important role of VrCCA1L26 in flowering time regulation
Authors: Liu Chenyang , Zhang Qianqian , Dong Jing , Cai Chunmei , Zhu Hong , Li Shuai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 like (CCA1L) proteins are important components that participate in plant growth and development, and now have been characterized in multiple plant species. However, information on mungbeanCCA1Lgenes is limited.ResultsIn this study, we identified 27VrCCA1Lgenes from the mungbean genome.VrCCA1Lgenes were unevenly distributed on 10 of the 11 chromosomes and showed one tandem and two interchromosomal duplication events. Two distinct kinds of conserved MYB domains, MYB 1 and MYB 2, were found, and the conserved SHAQK(Y/F) F sequence was found at the C terminus of each MYB 2 domain. TheVrCCA1Lsdisplayed a variety of exon-intron organizations, and 24 distinct motifs were found among these genes. Based on phylogenetic analysis, VrCCA1L proteins were classified into five groups; group I contained the most members, with 11VrCCA1Ls.VrCCA1Lpromoters contained different types and numbers ofcis-acting elements, andVrCCA1Lsshowed different expression levels in different tissues. TheVrCCA1Lsalso displayed distinct expression patterns under different photoperiod conditions throughout the day in leaves.VrCCA1L26shared greatest homology toArabidopsis CCA1andLATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL(LHY).It delayed the flowering time inArabidopsisby affecting the expression levels ofCONSTANS(CO),FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT), andSUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1(SOC1).ConclusionWe identified and characterized 27VrCCA1Lgenes from mungbean genome, and investigated their spatio-temporal expression patterns. Further analysis revealed thatVrCCA1L26delayed flowering time in transgenicArabidopsisplants. Our results provide useful information for further functional characterization of theVrCCA1Lgenes.
Linking a peer coach physical activity intervention for older adults to a primary care referral scheme
Authors: van de Vijver Paul L. , Schalkwijk Frank H. , Numans Mattijs E. , Slaets Joris P. J. , van Bodegom David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity has contributed to the current prevalence of many age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Peer coach physical activity intervention are effective in increasing long term physical activity in community dwelling older adults. Linking peer coach physical activity interventions to formal care could therefore be a promising novel method to improve health in inactive older adults to a successful long-term physical activity intervention.

Methods
We evaluated the effects of linking a peer coach physical activity intervention in Leiden, The Netherlands to primary care through an exercise referral scheme from July 2018 to April 2020. Primary care practices in the neighborhoods of three existing peer coach physical activity groups were invited to refer patients to the exercise groups. Referrals were registered at the primary care practice and participation in the peer coach groups was registered by the peer coaches of the exercise groups.

Results
During the study, a total of 106 patients were referred to the peer coach groups. 5.7% of patients participated at the peer coach groups and 66.7% remained participating during the 1 year follow up. The number needed to refer for 1 long term participant was 26.5. The mean frequency of participation of the referred participants was 1.2 times a week.

Conclusion
Linking a peer coach physical activity intervention for older adults to a primary care referral scheme reached only a small fraction of the estimated target population. However, of the people that came to the peer coach intervention a large portion continued to participate during the entire study period. The number needed to refer to engage one older person in long term physical activity was similar to other referral schemes for lifestyle interventions. The potential benefits could be regarded proportional to the small effort needed to refer.