bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sucessão e herança: transmissão e reprodução social da aristocracia portuguesa no final da Idade Média
Authors: Aguiar Miguel 
Published: July 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discenir los mecanismos de trasmisión del patrimonio de la aristocracia curial portuguesa al final de la Edad Media, intentando articularlos con la capacidad de reproducción social del grupo. Para ello, se propone el uso de dos categorías distintas. Por un lado, la sucesión, aplicada a un conjunto de bienes indivisibles; por otro lado, la herencia, sobre la cual se imponía un reparto igualitario entre los herederos. Aunque distintas, las categorías son complementarias, y su articulación es esencial para comprender la reprodución social de la aristocracia. La sucesión engloba progresivamente las principales bases señoriales del poder de la aristocracia, mientras que la herencia permite alimentar un conjunto de relaciones determinantes para el grupo, designadamente la “espiritualización” de parte de la fortuna, e la negociación de alianzas matrimoniales a través de la formación de dotes que reiteraban los lazos sociales. Las dos categorias encarnan funciones essenciales para que el grupo construya su cohesión e asegure el mantenimiento de su perfil simultáneamente señorial y curial.

[pt] Este artigo tem como objetivo discernir os mecanismos de transmissão do património da aristocracia curial portuguesa no final da Idade Média, procurando articulá-los com a capacidade de reprodução social do grupo. Para tal, propõe-se a utilização de duas categorias distintas. Por um lado, a sucessão, aplicada ao conjunto de bens indivisíveis; por outro lado, a herança, sobre a qual se impunha uma repartição igualitária entre os herdeiros. Embora distintas, as categorias são complementares, e a sua articulação é essencial para compreender a reprodução social da aristocracia. A sucessão engloba progressivamente as principais bases senhoriais do poder da aristocracia, enquanto a herança permite alimentar um conjunto de relações determinantes para o grupo, designadamente a «espiritualização» de parte da fortuna, e a negociação de alianças matrimoniais através da formação de dotes que reiteravam os laços sociais. Ambas as categorias encarnam funções essenciais para o grupo construir a sua coesão e assegurar a manutenção do seu perfil simultaneamente senhorial e curial.
Feliciano Míguez y su Mapa del Reino. Una aportación a la cartografía de Galicia en el siglo XVIII
Authors: De la Torre Casaponsa Rafael 
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se presenta al público un mapa inédito de Galicia, levantado en 1763 por el ingeniero militar gallego, Feliciano Míguez y que se consideraba en paradero desconocido. La única referencia a este mapa la hizo el cartógrafo Tomás López cuando lo relacionó entre las obras empleadas para formar el suyo, publicado en 1784. En este estudio se ofrece una pequeña biografía de su autor, se analizan los aspectos formales y técnicos del mapa, se traza un recorrido por las instituciones en las que estuvo depositado y en las que pasó desapercibida su trascendencia e importancia y, finalmente, se establece su posible relación con otros mapas que se formaron en Galicia en la misma década.

[gl] Neste traballo preséntase ao público un mapa inédito de Galicia, levantado en 1763 polo enxeñeiro militar galego, Feliciano Míguez e que se consideraba en paradoiro descoñecido. A única referencia deste mapa fíxoa o cartógrafo Tomás López cando o relacionou entre as obras empregadas para formar o seu, publicado en 1784. Neste estudo ofrécese unha pequena biografía do seu autor, analízanse os aspectos formais e técnicos do mapa, faise un percorrido polas institucións nas que estivo depositado e nas que pasou desapercibida a súa transcendencia e importancia e, finalmente, inténtase establecer unha posible relación con outros mapas que se formaron en Galicia na mesma década.
Una revisión documental de la obra del escultor Agustín Baamonde durante el siglo XVIII en la diócesis de Lugo
Authors: Calles Lombao Marcos Gerardo 
Published: July 2022

La presente revisión documental presenta una perspectiva global de la obra del escultor lucense Agustín Baamonde durante el siglo XVIII en la Diócesis de Lugo. El trabajo en las bibliotecas y archivos lucenses ha permitido localizar un conjunto de documentación vinculada a este maestro que, desde su entrada en la Catedral de Lugo en 1737, consiguió asentarse en la profesión y acometer importantes obras en este edificio, como el retablo de Santa Catalina (1764). Su obra fuera de la catedral fue notable gracias a trabajos como el retablo de la capilla mayor del Convento de San Jacinto en Monforte de Lemos (1761) o el pabellón del retablo del Ecce Homo de la capilla de la Venerable Orden Tercera de Lugo (1769), pudiendo ser considerado el principal escultor de la diócesis en ese periodo temporal.

[gl] A presente revisión documental presenta unha perspectiva global da obra do escultor lucense Agustín Baamonde durante o século XVIII na Diocese de Lugo. O traballo nas bibliotecas e arquivos lucenses permitiu localizar un conxunto de documentación vinculada a este mestre que, dende a súa entrada na Catedral de Lugo no ano 1737, conseguiu consolidarse na profesión e facer importantes obras nese templo, como o retablo de Santa Catalina (1764). A súa obra fóra da catedral foi notable grazas a intervencións como o retablo da capela maior do Convento de San Jacinto en Monforte de Lemos (1761) ou o pavillón do retablo do Ecce Homo da capela da Venerable Orde Terceira de Lugo (1769), podendo ser considerado como o mellor escultor da diocese nese período temporal.
Una aproximación a Santiago y su urbanismo a través del colegio mayor La Estila y el Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas
Authors: Alcalá-Galiano Pareja Luis 
Published: July 2022

Este artículo propone revisar la obra temprana del arquitecto Miguel Fisac (1913-2006) y entender el impacto que tuvo en el desarrollo cultural y urbano de Santiago de Compostela. Tanto Miguel Fisac como Santiago de Compostela son figuras históricas fundamentales que requieren mayor atención crítica en la literatura para entender el papel que jugaron en el desarrollo político, ideológico y cultural del Franquismo. Miguel Fisac es uno de los arquitectos que, teórica y prácticamente, favoreció la introducción de la modernidad en la arquitectura española tras la Guerra Civil.
Desde un punto de vista práctico, dos de los edificios que trazó en sus primeros años como arquitecto fueron determinantes en el crecimiento de Santiago de Compostela, tanto por el momento como por la relevancia en el ámbito urbanístico, científico y universitario. Se trata del colegio mayor La Estila (1947/1948), residencia para estudiantes universitarios que supondrá un impulso en el tejido urbano de la zona norte de la ciudad; y del Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas (1952), una tipología edilicia dedicada a la investigación en el marco de un campus universitario.

[gl] Este artigo propón revisar a obra temperá do arquitecto Miguel Fisac (1913-2006) e entender o impacto que tivo no desenvolvemento cultural e urbano de Santiago de Compostela. Tanto Miguel Fisac como Santiago de Compostela son figuras históricas fundamentais que requiren maior atención crítica na literatura para entender o papel que xogaron no desenvolvemento político, ideolóxico e cultural do Franquismo. Miguel Fisac é un dos arquitectos que, teórica e practicamente, favoreceron a introdución da modernidade na arquitectura española trala Guerra Civil.
Desde un punto de vista práctico, dous dos edificios que trazou nos seus primeiros anos como arquitecto foron determinantes no crecemento de Santiago de Compostela, tanto polo momento como pola relevancia no ámbito urbanístico, científico e universitario. Trátase do colexio maior La Estila (1947/1948), unha residencia para estudantes universitarios que suporá un pulo no tecido urbano da zona norte da cidade; e do Instituto de Agrobiológicas (1952), unha tipoloxía edilicia dedicada á investigación no marco dun campus universitario.
Identifying malignant nodules on chest X-rays
Authors: Mahboub Bassam , Tadepalli Manoj , Raj Tarun , Santhanakrishnan Rajalakshmi , Hachim Mahmood Yaseen , Bastaki Usama , Hamoudi Rifat , Haider Ehsan , Alabousi Abdullah 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Three and half million anonymous X-rays were gathered from 45 locations worldwide (in-hospital and outpatient settings). qXR was initially trained on this massive dataset. We used an independent dataset of 13,426 chest X-rays from radiologists’ reports. The test data set included 213,459 X-rays chosen at random from a pool of 3.5 million X-rays. The dataset (development) was developed using the remaining X-rays received from the remaining patients.

Methods:
qXR is a deep learning algorithm-enabled software that is used to study nodules and malignant nodules on X-rays. We observed moderate to a substantial agreement even when observations were made with normal X-rays.

Results:
qXR presented a high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99 with a 95% confidence interval calculated with the Clopper–Pearson method. The specificity obtained with qXR was 0.90, and the sensitivity was 1 at the operating threshold. The sensitivity value of qXR in detecting nodules was 0.99, and the specificity ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, with AUC ranging between 0.98 and 0.99. The malignant nodules were detected with a sensitivity ranging from 0.95 to 1.00, specificity between 0.96 and 0.99, and AUC from 0.99 to 1. The sensitivity of radiologists 1 and 2 was between 0.74 and 0.76, with a specificity ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. In detecting the malignant nodules, specificity ranged between 0.98 and 0.99, and sensitivity fell between 0.88 and 0.94.

Conclusion:
Machine learning model can be used as a passive tool to find incidental cases of lung cancer or as a triaging tool, which accelerate the patient journey through standard care pipeline for lung cancer.
Relationship between Age, Sex, and Anthropometric Factors with the Distance of L4-L5 Interspace from Tuffier's Line
Authors: Tantri Aida Rosita , Satoto Darto , Natassa Stesy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
The anatomical marker used in spinal anesthesia is L4-L5 interspace. The L4-L5 interspace is thought to be right on the Tuffier's line, which connects the two highest points on the iliac crest. The location of L4-L5 interspace from the Tuffier's line varies greatly because of the influence of several factors such as differences in race, sex, age, and anthropometric factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between age, sex, and anthropometry factors with the distance of L4-L5 interspace from the Tuffier's line using ultrasound guidance at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design in 93 subjects at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital recruited for the study. Statistical analysis was performed to find the relationship between age, sex, and anthropometry factors with the distance of L4-L5 interspace from the Tuffier's line and to continue with multivariate analysis to obtain the prediction formula of the distance between L4-L5 interspace and the Tuffier's line.

Results:
This study found that the distance of L4-L5 interspace to the Tuffier's line is −2.59 ± 1.58 cm. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between height and sex to the distance of L4-L5 interspace and the Tuffier's line. The distance prediction formula obtained in this study is 4.921 + [0.536 × (1 for male or 2 for female)] + (−0.052 × height in cm).

Conclusion:
There was a significant relationship between height and sex to the distance of L4-L5 interspace from the Tuffier's line.
Severe Hyponatremia and Cerebral Edema after Laparoscopic Salpingectomy, Hysteroscopy Myomectomy, and Adenomyosis Resection
Authors: Nugroho Alfan Mahdi , Omega Andy , Danneto Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The usage of hypotonic irrigation solution during hysteroscopy and laparoscopy can cause systemic fluid absorption and complications such as hyponatremia, fluid overload, and cerebral edema. Moreover, Trendelenburg position on gynecologic laparoscopy with a long duration can increase intracranial pressure and decrease cerebral perfusion pressure. A woman, 39 years old, suffered from severe hyponatremia and cerebral edema after hysteroscopy myomectomy, laparoscopic salpingectomy, adenomyosis resection, and adhesiolysis procedure. Water for injection was used as an irrigation solution during the procedure, totaling 20 L. The position of the procedure was supine, Trendelenburg, with a procedure duration of 4 h 50 min. A spontaneous respiratory trigger was not found for about 1 h during extubation. We found anisochoric pupil 5/4 mm without direct and indirect light reflex on physical examination. From the laboratory result, the sodium level was 118. Brain CT scan with contrast showed cerebral edema. Sodium correction was given using NaCl 3%, 500 mL/24 h IV drip. Sodium was corrected slowly and cautiously to prevent cerebral pontine myelinolysis. In the ICU, the sodium level was increased to a normal level. But, the light reflex was still absent, and the pupil was anisochoric. Brain MRI showed diffuse cerebral edema.
Amniotic Fluid Embolism with Cardiac Arrest and Coagulopathy During Cesarean Section
Authors: Lim Lan Fern Michele , Sim Xiu Ling Jacqueline , Sng Ban Leong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare but potentially fatal condition of pregnancy. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and its management largely supportive. We present a case of a 36-year-old patient who was admitted at 32 weeks gestational age with an acute abdomen. She underwent an emergency Cesarean section for fetal distress secondary to possible placental abruption. This was complicated by post-delivery cardiac arrest and respiratory failure from suspected AFE, disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe postpartum hemorrhage. She was managed with vasopressors, point-of-care coagulation testing, massive transfusion, anti-fibrinolytics, fibrinogen concentrate and eventual hysterectomy. Post-operatively, she was treated for acute respiratory distress syndrome in the intensive care unit. She and her neonate survived with good outcome. We discuss the practical constraints faced in the diagnosis and management of AFE, due to a lack of specific diagnostic tests and the need for prompt high-quality resuscitation, simultaneous management of coagulopathy and massive hemorrhage, timely activation of senior personnel and the involvement of a multi-disciplinary team in a crisis situation.
A study of demographic, attitudinal, and clinical factors associated with adherence to treatment in schizophrenia
Authors: Parkar R. Shubhangi , Behere Nilam Shivajirao , Elvin L , Angane Amey Yeshwant 
Published: July 2022

Background/Objectives:
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder requiring prolonged treatment, and adherence to the treatment is an important factor. The reasons for nonadherence vary according to disease severity, treatment, local perceived problems, environment, and sociocultural factors. It is necessary to understand the pattern and factors related to adherence. This study aims at understanding adherence to treatment in the patients of schizophrenia and associated psycho-social and disease-related factors. It also analyzes the change in adherence over a period of the last 35 years.

Methods:
A review of past psychiatry records and nonadherence to the treatment of patients of schizophrenia that followed up in outpatient department was done over the last 35 years. For the evaluation of psychotic symptoms, positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and for attitude toward medicine, drug attitude inventory-10 (DAI-10), and clinician rating scale (CRS) were used. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-20 software.

Results:
Sixty-five percent of the patients were adherent to the treatment. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, family type, marital status, education as well as factors related to accessibility to medicines were not significantly associated with adherence. Adherence had significant positive correlation with CRS scores and negative correlation with PANSS positive and general score. Adherence of ≥80% for current year was found to be associated with the cross-sectional positive DAI score. Patient perceived causes such as social, financial, unwillingness, and lack of insight, side-effect profile had a significant association.

Conclusions:
Attitude and willingness toward treatment, insight into illness, and side-effect profile play a pivotal role in adherence.
Uropathogens and the Antibiogram Profile from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kashyap Bineeta , Singh NP , Nirmal Kirti , Meena Manoj Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, both in the community and the hospital settings. The distribution of antimicrobial susceptibility data of UTI-causing microorganisms changes from time to time and from place to place. The susceptibility data provided by regional microbiology laboratories helps to choose the empirical antimicrobials to treat UTI.

Aim and Objectives:
To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial drug susceptibility pattern of the bacterial uropathogens isolated from a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective analysis over a period of two months (Jan-Feb 2021) was performed in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital, East part of Delhi. These two months were immediately following conversion of this facility to a non COVID centre from a dedicated COVID centre. Culture results of the urine samples received during the study period were analyzed. The samples were processed according to standard guidelines. The data were entered into micro soft excel for analysis.

Results:
A total of 1650 urine samples from suspected UTIs were analyzed retrospectively for isolation and identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 271 (16.4%) grew significant microorganisms including fungus. In both male and female patients E. coli (n = 46, 17%) was the most commonly isolated microorganism, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (n = 45, 16%). Isolated resistance to uropathogens was common with Cotrimoxazole (60%), Nitrofurantoin (50%), ciprofloxacin (50%), tetracycline (45%), Imipenem and cefotaxime (35%)

Conclusions:
UTI is one of the most common infectious diseases that clinicians are dealing with. Increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens implicated in UTI is a matter of concern. Periodic monitoring of etiology and drug susceptibility is recommended.
Evaluation of analgesic effects and hemodynamic responses of epidural ropivacaine in laparoscopic abdominal surgeries: Randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jayadevan Dipti , Kumar Lakshmi , Varghese Rekha , Balakrishnan Sindhu , Shyamsundar P , Kesavan Rajesh 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
The role of epidural analgesia in laparoscopic surgeries remains controversial. We evaluated intraoperative analgesic effects of epidural ropivacaine versus intravenous fentanyl in laparoscopic abdominal surgery and assessed postoperative analgesic requirements, hemodynamic changes, time to ambulation, and length of stay (LOS) in the ICU.

Material and Methods:
Seventy-two American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–III adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic abdominal surgeries were randomized to either 0.5 mg/kg/h intravenous fentanyl (Group C) or 0.2% epidural ropivacaine at 5–8 mL/h (Group E) infusions intraoperatively and 0.25 m/kg/h fentanyl and 0.1% epidural ropivacaine infusions respectively postoperatively. Variations in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20% from baseline were points of intervention for propofol and analgesia with fentanyl or vasopressors. The number of interventions and total doses of fentanyl and vasopressors were noted. Postoperative analgesia was assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h and when pain was reported with numerical rating scale and objective pain scores. Chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used for categorical and continuous variable analysis.

Results:
Intraoperatively, 14 patients versus 4 needed additional fentanyl and 26 versus 14 needed additional propofol in groups C and E respectively (P = 0.007, P = 0.004). MAP at 0, 6 and 18 h was lower in Group E. Pain scores were better in Group E at 6,18, and 24 h postoperatively. Time to ambulation was comparable but LOS ICU was prolonged in Group E (P = 0.05)

Conclusion:
Epidural ropivacaine produces superior intraoperative analgesia and improved postoperative pain scores without affecting ambulation but increases vasopressor need and LOS ICU in comparison with intravenous fentanyl in laparoscopic abdominal surgeries.
Analgesic efficacy of programmed intermittent epidural bolus vs patient-controlled epidural analgesia in laboring parturients
Authors: Meena Anuradha , Mitra Sukanya , Singh Jasveer , Saroa Richa , Takker Navneet 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Programmed intermittent epidural boluses (PIEB) may produce more extensive spread of epidural bolus rather than continuous epidural infusion (CEI). Previous studies compared PIEB with CEI and concluded that PIEB shows better outcome when combined with patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), but these studies lack any comparison between PCEA and PIEB in the absence of CEI.

Material and Methods:
In this open labeled, prospective, randomized, controlled study 50 parturient were randomly assigned to two groups of 25 each.Group 1 received PCEA bolus of 5 ml (0.1% levobupivacaine plus 2mcg/ml fentanyl) with 15 min lockout interval with provision of rescue clinician bolus of 5 ml of same drug for breakthrough pain. Group 2 received physician-administered PIEB with same parameters as Group 1. The primary outcome was to assess total consumption of levobupivacaine plus fentanyl mixture, in PIEB vs. PCEA group, corrected for duration of labor (ml/h) and secondary outcomes included pain score, maternal satisfaction, maternal, and neonatal characteristics.

Results:
The hourly mean drug consumption in the PCEA group was significantly lower as compared with the physician-administered PIEB group (5.46 ml/h, SD 2.01 vs. 6.55 ml/h, SD 1.28; P = 0.03). The median total number of rescue boluses consumed were less in the PCEA group when compared with the PIEB group (0 vs. 1; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups with regard to pain scores, maternal hemodynamics, maternal and fetal outcome and adverse effects.

Conclusion:
PCEA may be better than physician-administered PIEB in providing effective labor analgesia with comparable safety.