bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVing communication about diversity, equity, and inclusion in health professions education
Authors: Muldoon Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere has never been a stronger call for authenticity in health professions education than this moment in time. The health inequities laid bare by the COVID‐19 syndemic (a concept that describes the clustering of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and disease by political, social, and economic factors) compels health professions educators to learn how to best engage in, sustain, and deepen conversations on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within our learning environments. Health professions curricula should address such concerns through explicit faculty training programs in dialogue models of communication. In this commentary, I propose that medical improv can help refocus health professions training to the humanistic values of empathy for others and respect for multiple viewpoints. Medical improv refers to teaching methods that adapt improvisation principles and exercises to enhance professional competencies in the health professions, such as communication. I describe a training series implemented at one institution to prepare faculty facilitators to engage in conversations about DEI in a discussion‐based core course on the social determinants of health for first year medical students called “Humanity in Medicine.” Key elements of dialogue training, including examinations of identity and positionality, caretaking and team‐making, and conversations with a skeptic, are viewed through the lens of improv exercises as a pedagogy in communication. I report on facilitator and medical students' positive response to facilitator training and the Humanity in Medicine course. Potential next steps towards a formal evaluation of the method, and outcomes assessments of the use of improv in health professions training are discussed.
Tractography of the stria terminalis in the human brain
Authors: Li Mengjun , Zhang Zhiping , Wu Xiaolong , Wang Xu , Liu Xiaohai , Liang Jiantao , Chen Ge , Feng Yuanjing , Li Mingchu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the trajectory of the stria terminalis and develop a protocol for mapping the stria terminalis using multi‐shell diffusion images based tractography. The stria terminalis was reconstructed by combining one region of interest at the amygdala with another region of interest at the bed nucleus of stria terminalis. In addition, one region of avoidance was placed on the fornix at the interventricular foramen and another was set at the anterior perforated substance. The fiber‐tracking protocol was tested in a Human Connectome Project‐842 template, 35 healthy subjects from Massachusetts General Hospital, and 20 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project using generalized q‐sampling imaging based tractography. The stria terminalis was reconstructed in the Human Connectome Project‐842 template, 35 Massachusetts General Hospital healthy subjects, and 20 Human Connectome Project healthy subjects with our protocol. The stria terminalis originated from the amygdala and traveled parallel to the fornix. Then, the stria terminalis followed a C‐shaped trajectory around the inferior, posterior, and dorsal surfaces of the thalamus before projecting to the bed nucleus of stria terminalis between the thalamus and caudate nucleus. There were no significant differences in the quantitative anisotropy and fractional anisotropy values between the left and right stria terminalis. The stria terminalis was accurately visualized across subjects using multi‐shell diffusion images through generalized q‐sampling imaging based tractography. This method could be an important tool for the reconstruction and evaluation of the stria terminalis in various neurological disorders. One Sentence Summary The visualization of the stria terminalis through the multi‐shell diffusion images using generalized q‐sampling imaging based tractography.
Therapeutic Potential and Ethnopharmacology of Dominant Mangroves of Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha, India
Authors: Das Sudipta K. , Das Bikash , Jena Atala B. , Pradhan Chinmay , Sahoo Gunanidhi , Dandapat Jagneshwar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBhitarkanika National Park is the second largest contiguous mangrove forest of India. Approximately 0.15 million mangrove depending population are found residing in and around 307 villages within the National Park. Despite being one of the most diverse mangrove habitations of India, the ethnopharmacological practices are meager in comparison to the other mangrove regions of India and Southeast Asia. The present review is aimed to congregate information on the therapeutic potential and ethnopharmacology of nine dominant mangrove species of the National Park, such asAegiceras corniculatum,Avicenia marina,Avicenia officinalis,Ceriops decandra,Excoecaria agallocha,Heritiera fomes,Lumnitzera racemosa,Rhizophora mucronata, andSonneratia apetala. Our aim is to generate social awareness among the mangrove dwellers to promote uses of folklore medicine using these tremendously potential mangrove plants, as a complementary step to strengthen community health. Further, we also want to grab the attention of researchers working in related disciplines, for their holistic and extensive studies towards bio‐prospectation of the dominant mangrove plants of Bhitarkanika National Park.
Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Aerial Parts of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis, Mentha suaveolens and Sideritis incana from Morocco
Authors: Bouymajane Aziz , Filali Fouzia Rhazi , El Majdoub Yassine Oulad , Ouadik Mohamed , Abdelilah Rahou , Cavò Emilia , Miceli Natalizia , Taviano Maria Fernanda , Mondello Luigi , Cacciola Francesco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThymus zygis subsp. gracilis, Mentha suaveolens and Sideritis incana (Lamiaceae family) are well recognized for their medicinal, pharmaceutical and aromatic properties. The present study aimed to investigate for the first time the phenolic composition, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the extracts obtained from the aerial parts of these species collected from the Ifrane region of Morocco. The phenolic compounds were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC‐PDA‐ESI/MS). The antioxidant activity was investigated using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating assays. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against three Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium) and three Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes). A total of thirty‐three, sixteen and thirteen phenolic compounds were positively identified and characterized in T. zygis subsp. gracilis, M. suaveolens and S. incana extracts, respectively. Among the extracts, M. suaveolens exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, followed by S. incana and T. zygis subsp. gracilis in both DPPH and reducing power assays; all extracts showed the lowest activity in the chelating assay. In addition, all extracts demonstrated a bactericidal effect against Gram‐positive bacteria and bacteriostatic effect against Gram‐negative bacteria. Therefore, the aerial parts of Moroccan T. zygis subsp. gracilis, M. suaveolens and S. incana might be considered as a valuable source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents with potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries.
On the effect of Alkaline Earth Metal Cations in the Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol over Pt/C – an Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Beine Anna Katharina , Wang Xinde , Vennewald Maurice , Schmidt Regina U. S. , Glotzbach Christoph , Palkovits Regina , Hausoul Peter J. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlycerol can be converted to propylene glycol via metal and base catalyzed hydrogenolysis. The nature of the base has a profound influence on the outcome of the reaction. We have tested a range of alkaline (LiOH, NaOH and CsOH) and alkaline earth (Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2) metal hydroxides in combination with Pt/C. The data reveal that alkaline earth metal hydroxides exhibit a much higher activity and improved selectivity. DFT calculations confirm that the coordination of reactive intermediates to divalent cations is responsible for the observed behavior. In the study, the effect of the cation on hydrogenolysis was elucidated for the first time.
Tailoring Preferential Orientation in BaTiO3‐based Thin Films from Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: Bakken Kristine , Blichfeld Anders B. , Nylund Inger‐Emma , Chernyshov Dmitry , Glaum Julia , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Mari‐Ann Einarsrud at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway). The cover picture shows our in‐situ X‐ray diffraction setup for analysing the crystallization process in oxide thin films made by chemical solution deposition. By adjusting the process parameters, the nucleation and growth conditions are changed and the degree of preferred orientation and epitaxi in the oxide films can be tailored. This change is illustrated by the change in microstructure of the polycrystalline films with random orientation (left) towards highly oriented cube‐on‐cube grown films (right) where the film unit cell follows that of the substrate. This effect can be observed experimentally by the appearance of spot reflection instead of full diffraction rings on the detector. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/cmtd.202100064.
Machine learning based pattern detection technique for diabetes mellitus prediction
Authors: Sumathi A. , Meganathan S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, a few popular classifiers and computational tools have been introduced for the prediction of diabetes mellitus. The robustness of these methodologies is to predict and classify the diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is the most fatal disease that affects the life style of humans. More researchers have focusing on diabetes issues to design efficient classifiers for better classification and prediction. This research work is analyzed with two existing classifiers: (i) hybrid prediction model for type 2 diabetes pattern (HPMT2D) and (ii) type 2 diabetes mellitus prediction model (T2DMPM). These two classifiers are implemented in R tool. An efficient classifier must needed to diagnose and treatment well in advance. Therefore, this article proposes an efficient machine learning based pattern prediction technique called diabetes pattern detection technique using tree ensemble clustering classifier (DDTEC) to accomplish this demand. The proposed classifier is implemented in R tool with BioWeka and studied thoroughly to find classification accuracy of the patterns of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. From the experimental results, it is noticed that the existing classifiers unable to classify and predict the patterns of various diabetes mellitus with better classification accuracy and F‐measure.
Dynamic data replication and placement strategy in geographically distributed data centers
Authors: Bouhouch Laila , Zbakh Mostapha , Tadonki Claude 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the evolution of geographically distributed data centers in the Cloud Computing landscape along with the amount of data being processed in these data centers, which is growing at an exponential rate, processing massive data applications become an important topic. Since a given task may require many datasets for its execution and the datasets are spread over several different data centers, finding an efficient way to manage the datasets storage across nodes of a Cloud system is a difficult problem. In fact, the execution time of a task might be influenced by the cost of data transfers, which mainly depends on two criterias. The first one is the initial placement of the input datasets during the build‐time phase, while the second is the replication of the datasets during the runtime phase. The replication is explicitly considered when datasets are being migrated over the data centers in order to make them locally available wherever needed. Data placement and data replication are important challenges in Cloud Computing. Nevertheless, many studies focus on data placement or data replication exclusively. In this paper, a combination of a data placement strategy followed by a dynamic data replication management strategy is proposed, with the purpose of reducing the associated cost of all data transfers between the (distant) data centers. Our proposed data placement approach considers the main characteristics of a data center such asstorage capacityandread/write speedsto efficiently store the datasets, while our dynamic data replication management approach considers three parameters: thenumber of replicasin the system, thedependency between datasetsand tasks and thestorage capacityof data centers. The decision of when and whether to keep or to delete replicas is determined by the fulfillment of those three parameters. Our approach estimates the total execution time of the tasks as well as the monetary cost, considering the data transfers activity. Our experiments are conducted using Cloudsim simulator. The obtained results show that our proposed strategies produce an efficient data management by reducing the overheads of the data transfers, compared to both a data placement without replication (by 76%) and the selected data replication approach from Kouidri et al. (by 52%), and by improving the financial cost.
Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation over 2D/2D Co‐ZIF‐9/Ti3C2 Hybrids
Authors: Sun Yitong , Xie Min , Feng Huifang , Liu Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExploring precious‐metal‐free catalysts for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution is highly desirable but still challenging. Herein, a novel 2D/2D Co‐ZIF‐9/Ti3C2 composite was fabricated by a facile electrostatic self‐assembly strategy. Owing to higher flux of photogenerated electron‐holes and lower rate of recombination, the resultant composite exhibited better photocatalytic H2 evolution compared to Co‐ZIF‐9. When the content of Ti3C2 was 2.5 wt %, a maximum photocatalytic H2‐generation rate of 3538.5 μmol g−1 ⋅ h−1 was achieved, which is 9.6 times that of bare Co‐ZIF‐9. Moreover, the Co‐ZIF‐9/Ti3C2 composite displayed high photocatalytic stability. This study demonstrated for the first time the great potential of Co‐ZIF‐9/Ti3C2 as a noble‐metal‐free catalyst for photocatalytic H2 generation.
A Contemporary Look at the Polyhedral Shape Instability of Crystals Growing under Conditions of Diffusion‐Limited Supply of Building Material
Authors: Nanev Christo N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper intends to shed fresh light on the polyhedral shape (in)stability of crystals growing under conditions of uneven diffusion supply of building material. A simplified theoretical consideration of the phenomenon is presented; the whole crystal is regarded as material consumer (but not merely a separate face on it). Accounted is for the fact that different amounts of building material are supplied by diffusion to the diverse types of crystal faces. Besides, critical sizes of crystal faces over which they lose the ability to grow macroscopically flat (because shallow cavities are formed on them) are calculated not only for the basal faces of Zn crystals growing from highly diluted own vapors mixed in inert (in respect to this metal) gases, such as H2 and Ar, but also for the pyramidal crystal faces. So, a logical explanation is given of the long‐standing problem: why the measured critical sizes of Zn single crystals grown in inert atmospheres are much smaller than the theoretically calculated critical sizes? Finally, the widths of the macroscopically flat rims surrounding the cavities on basal faces of Zn and Cd crystals (growing under conditions of uneven diffusion supply of building material) are determined in a simplified way.
III–VI and IV–VI van der Waals Semiconductors InSe, GaSe and GeSe: A Suitable Platform for Efficient Electrochemical Water Splitting, Photocatalysis and Chemical Sensing
Authors: Boukhvalov Danil W. , D'Olimpio Gianluca , Nappini Silvia , Ottaviano Luca , Bondino Federica , Politano Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, we discuss the physicochemical properties of both bulk and nanosheets of III–VI and IV–VI metal chalcogenides and their application capabilities in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and gas sensing by combining density function theory with surface‐science experiments. In particular, GaSe, InSe, and GeSe are van der Waals semiconductors stable in water media and robust against CO poisoning, which make them suitable candidates for application as low‐cost (photo)catalysts in liquid media. Both bulk and exfoliated III–VI and IV–VI metal chalcogenides are prone to oxidation, with the formation of an oxide skin in oxidative environments. The self‐assembled heterostructure formed by the oxide skin and the underlying bulk of metal chalcogenides makes the Heyrovsky step of HER energetically favourable. Both metal and Se vacancies are necessary to decrease the energy barrier for HER in acid media. The oxidation modified the band gap, enabling the activation of photocatalytic process with different wavelengths. Moreover, the self‐assembled metal‐oxide/metal‐chalcogenide heterostructure also enables sensing of NO2, NH3 and CO for an operational temperature up to 600 °C. Thus, III–VI and IV–VI semiconductors represent a suitable platform for electrochemistry, photocatalysis, and chemical sensing, owing to their low costs as raw materials and the superior application capabilities activated just exploiting the natural interaction with air, which is beneficial for improving the (photo)‐electrocatalyst activity and the gas‐sensing performances.
ENSMUST00000147869 regulates proliferation and fibrosis of mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy by interacting with Hspa9
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Xin , Zhang Henglu , Li Lanlan , Xu Yang , Lu Weiping , Lu Yibing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur previous study showed that ENSMUST00000147869 was abnormally low expressed in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN). ENSMUST00000147869 could inhibit the fibrosis and proliferation of mouse mesangial cells (MMCs), but the mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to explore the specific mechanism underline ENSMUST00000147869 regulates the proliferation and fibrosis of MMCs in DN. Nucleocytoplasmic fractionation was applied to define the location of ENSMUST00000147869 in MMCs. RNA‐protein pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify upregulated Hspa9 directly interacting with ENSMUST00000147869. SiRNA and lentivirus packaging were used to clarify the role of Hspa9 downregulated by ENSMUST00000147869 in promoting proliferation and fibrosis in MMCs. CHX and MG132 were used to clarify the regulatory role of ENSMUST00000147869 to Hspa9. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the binding of Hspa9 and HMGB1. HSPA9 was a direct binding protein of ENSMUST00000147869, and ENSMUST00000147869 could inhibit proliferation and fibrosis of MMCs by down‐regulating HSPA9 through ubiquitination process. HMGB1 was the downstream binding protein of Hspa9, and ENSMUST00000147869 could inhibit the interaction between Hspa9 and HMGB1. Our data showed that ENSMUST00000147869 regulates Hspa9 through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and inhibits the binding of Hspa9 and HMGB1. The ENSMUST00000147869/Hspa9/HMGB1 axis may act as a diagnostic molecular marker and an effective therapeutic target for DN.
Neurodevelopmental toxicity of pyrazinamide to larval zebrafish and the restoration after intoxication withdrawal
Authors: Wang Xixin , Wu Fangyan , Zou Hongyuan , Yang Yanan , Chen Gaoyang , Liu Kechun , Zhang Yun , Liu Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo investigate the neurotoxicity of pyrazinamide (PZA) to larval zebrafish, the PZA effects were assessed followed by its mechanism being explored. Same as isoniazid (INH), this compound is a first‐line anti‐tuberculosis drug and is suggested to be a risk that inducing nerve injury with long‐term intoxication. Our findings indicated that zebrafish larvae obtained severe nerve damage secondary to constant immersion in various concentrations of PZA (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) from 4 hpf (hours post fertilization) onwards until 120 hpf. The damage presented as dramatically decrease of locomotor capacity and dopaminergic neuron (DAN)‐rich region length in addition to defect of brain blood vessels (BBVs). Moreover, PZA‐administrated zebrafish showed a decreased dopamine (DA) level and downregulated expression of neurodevelopment‐related genes, such as shha, mbp, neurog1, and gfap. However, secondary to 48‐h restoration in fish medium (i.e., at 168 hpf), the neurotoxicity described above was prominently ameliorated. The results showed that PZA at the concentrations we tested was notably neurotoxic to larval zebrafish, and this nerve injury was restorable after PZA withdrawing. Therefore, this finding will probably provide a reference for clinical medication.
Different brain activation patterns in the prefrontal area between self‐paced and high‐speed driving tasks
Authors: Hirano Daisuke , Kimura Naotoshi , Yano Hana , Enoki Miku , Aikawa Maya , Goto Yoshinobu , Taniguchi Takamichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on prefrontal cortex brain activity when participants attempted to stop a car accurately at a stop line when driving at different speeds using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty healthy subjects with driving experience drove their own cars for a distance of 60 m five times each at their own pace or as fast as possible. The variation in the distance between the stop line and the car was not significantly different between the self‐paced and high‐speed tasks. However, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal cortex was significantly higher in the high‐speed task than in the self‐paced task. These findings suggest that driving at high speed requires more divided attention than driving at self‐paced speed, even though the participants were able to stop the car at the same distance from the target. This study shows the advantages and usefulness of fNIRS.
Do financially trained managers make better deals? Evidence from mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Dadalt Peter , Zhang Dana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examine whether the proportion of financially trained managers (FTMs) in the top management team affects firms’ merger and acquisition (M&A) decisions. We find that firms with a higher proportion of FTMs are more likely to pursue acquisitions in unrelated industries. In addition, these firms report poorer accounting profitability and stock returns during the 3‐year period following the acquisition. These findings indicate that in addition to the firm and deal‐specific characteristics focused on in prior studies, characteristics of the top management team also play an important role in determining the type and quality of firms’ acquisition decisions.