bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mud and burnt Roman bricks from Romula
Authors: Badica P. , Alexandru-Dinu A. , Grigoroscuta M. A. , Burdusel M. , Aldica G. V. , Sandu V. , Bartha C. , Polosan S. , Galatanu A. , Kuncser V. , Enculescu M. , Locovei C. , Porosnicu I. , Tiseanu I. , Ferbinteanu M. , Savulescu I. , Negru M. , Batalu N. D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSesquipedalian mud and burnt bricks (second to third century AD) were excavated from the Roman city of Romula located in the Lower Danube Region (Olt county, Romania). Along with local soils, bricks are investigated by petrographic analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray microtomography (XRT), thermal analysis (DTA-TG), Mӧssbauer spectroscopy, magnetometry, colorimetry, and mechanical properties assessment. The results correlate well with each other, being useful for conservation/restoration purposes and as reference data for other ceramic materials. Remarkably, our analysis and comparison with literature data indicate possible control and wise optimization by the ancient brickmakers through the recipe, design (size, shape, and micro/macrostructure), and technology of the desired physical–chemical–mechanical properties. We discuss the Roman bricks as materials that can adapt to external factors, similar, to some extent, to modern “smart” or “intelligent” materials. These features can explain their outstanding durability to changes of weather/climate and mechanical load.
Ultrasound features of multinodular goiter in DICER1 syndrome
Authors: Niedziela Marek , Muchantef Karl , Foulkes William D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDICER1 syndrome is caused by germline pathogenic mutations in the DICER1 gene. Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a common clinical feature of DICER1 syndrome in children and adults. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrasound (US) characteristics of MNG in patients with DICER1 syndrome. This retrospective study evaluated thyroid US in patients with DICER1 germline mutations (DICER1mut+) performed between 2011 and 2018 at a single center by the same pediatric endocrinologist, and the images were re-examined by an independent pediatric radiologist from another academic center. Patients < 18 years with DICER1mut+ and DICER1mut+ parents without previous thyroidectomy were included. Ultrasound phenotypes of MNG in the setting of DICER1 mutations were compared with known US features of thyroid malignancy. Thirteen DICER1mut+ patients were identified (10 children, 3 adults). Three children had a normal thyroid US; therefore, thyroid abnormalities were assessed in seven children and three adults. In both children and adults, multiple (≥ 3) mixed (cystic/solid) nodules predominated with single cystic, single cystic septated and single solid nodules, occasionally with a “spoke-like” presentation. All solid lesions were isoechogenic, and in only one with multiple solid nodules, intranodular blood flow on power/color Doppler was observed. Remarkably, macrocalcifications were present in all three adults. The spectrum of ultrasonographic findings of MNG in DICER1mut+ patients is characteristic and largely distinct from typical features of thyroid malignancy and therefore should inform physicians performing thyroid US of the possible presence of underlying DICER1 syndrome.
Spatially resolved measurement of helium atom emission line spectrum in scrape-off layer of Heliotron J by near-infrared Stokes spectropolarimetry
Authors: Chatani Tomoki , Shikama Taiichi , Ueno Yohei , Kado Shinichiro , Kawazome Hayato , Minami Takashi , Matoike Ryota , Murakumo Minato , Kobayashi Shinji , Ohshima Shinsuke , Iwata Akihiro , Oishi Tetsutaro , Ishizawa Akihiro , Nakamura Yuji , Okada Hiroyuki , Konoshima Shigeru , Mizuuchi Tohru , Nagasaki Kazunobu , Hasuo Masahiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor plasma spectroscopy, Stokes spectropolarimetry is used as a method to spatially invert the viewing-chord-integrated spectrum on the basis of the correspondence between the given magnetic field profile along the viewing chord and the Zeeman effect appearing on the spectrum. Its application to fusion-related toroidal plasmas is, however, limited owing to the low spatial resolution as a result of the difficulty in distinguishing between the Zeeman and Doppler effects. To resolve this issue, we increased the relative magnitude of the Zeeman effect by observing a near-infrared emission line on the basis of the greater wavelength dependence of the Zeeman effect than of the Doppler effect. By utilizing the increased Zeeman effect, we are able to invert the measured spectrum with a high spatial resolution by Monte Carlo particle transport simulation and by reproducing the measured spectra with the semiempirical adjustment of the recycling condition at the first walls. The inversion result revealed that when the momentum exchange collisions of atoms are negligible, the velocity distribution of core-fueling atoms is mainly determined by the initial distribution at the time of recycling. The inversion result was compared with that obtained using a two-point emission model used in previous studies. The latter approximately reflects the parameters of atoms near the emissivity peak.
FathomNet: A global image database for enabling artificial intelligence in the ocean
Authors: Katija Kakani , Orenstein Eric , Schlining Brian , Lundsten Lonny , Barnard Kevin , Sainz Giovanna , Boulais Oceane , Cromwell Megan , Butler Erin , Woodward Benjamin , Bell Katherine L. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ocean is experiencing unprecedented rapid change, and visually monitoring marine biota at the spatiotemporal scales needed for responsible stewardship is a formidable task. As baselines are sought by the research community, the volume and rate of this required data collection rapidly outpaces our abilities to process and analyze them. Recent advances in machine learning enables fast, sophisticated analysis of visual data, but have had limited success in the ocean due to lack of data standardization, insufficient formatting, and demand for large, labeled datasets. To address this need, we built FathomNet, an open-source image database that standardizes and aggregates expertly curated labeled data. FathomNet has been seeded with existing iconic and non-iconic imagery of marine animals, underwater equipment, debris, and other concepts, and allows for future contributions from distributed data sources. We demonstrate how FathomNet data can be used to train and deploy models on other institutional video to reduce annotation effort, and enable automated tracking of underwater concepts when integrated with robotic vehicles. As FathomNet continues to grow and incorporate more labeled data from the community, we can accelerate the processing of visual data to achieve a healthy and sustainable global ocean.
Injectable nanoporous microgels generate vascularized constructs and support bone regeneration in critical-sized defects
Authors: Patrick Matthew D. , Keys Jeremy F. , Suresh Kumar Harshini , Annamalai Ramkumar T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarge and aberrant bone fractures require ossification and concomitant vascularization for proper healing. Evidence indicates that osteogenesis and vessel growth are coupled in bone fractures. Although the synergistic role of endothelial cells has been recognized, vascularizing large bone grafts remains a challenge and has apprehended the clinical translation of engineered bone constructs. Here, we describe a facile method to fabricate vascularized constructs using chitosan and gelatin-based microgels that promote osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) while supporting endothelial sprouting and network formation. The microgels are enzymatically degradable and had a high hydration rate with a volume swelling ratio of ~ 493% and a polymer density of ~ 431 mg/cm3, which is comparable to that of native skeletal tissues. AFM indentation of the surface showed an average Young’s modulus of 189 kPa, falling in a range that is conducive to both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis. The osteogenic microgel containing chitosan, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite, mimicking the bone matrix, supported robust attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MSC. On the other hand, the vasculogenic microgels containing only gelatin, enriched endothelial phenotype and enabled vascular networks formation when embedded in 3D matrices. Combining the two types of microgels created a hybrid construct that sustained the functions of both osteogenic and vasculogenic microgels and enhanced one another. Using a murine model, we also show that the osteogenic microgels regenerate bone in a critical-sized defect with > 95% defect closure by week 12. These multifunctional microgels can be administered minimally invasively and can conformally fill large bone defects. This work lays the foundation to establish principles of designing multiphasic scaffolds with tissue-specific biophysical and biochemical properties for regenerating vascularized and interfacial tissues.
Non-thermal plasma directly accelerates neuronal proliferation by stimulating axon formation
Authors: Do Chun Byung , Jaiswal M. Shriya , Jang Yoon-Seo , Kim Uk-Kyu , Kim Gyoo-Cheon , Hwang Dae-Seok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmong the various methods, Non Thermal Plasma (NTP) has been recently introduced and is being studied to recover the damaged nerve. In the recent years, several studies have suggested that NTP accelerates nerve cell regeneration, but the mechanism remains unknown. This study evaluated the effect of NTP on neuronal proliferation in SH-SY5Y (Human neuroblastoma cells) cells differentiated by retinoic acid (RA) and investigated the mechanism by which NTP promotes cell proliferation. We analyzed the morphology of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, and performed western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed in an in vivo study by categorizing Wistar A rats into three groups: non-nerve damage (Non-ND), nerve damage (ND), and nerve damage + NTP treatment (ND + NTP). The cell morphology analysis revealed that the number of cells increased and axonal elongation progressed after NTP treatment. In addition, western blots indicated that tau expression increased significantly after NTP treatment. The RT-PCR results revealed that the expression of tau, wnt3a, and β-catenin increased after NTP treatment. The in vivo immunofluorescence assay showed that NTP increased the markers for tau and S100B while regulating the over-expression of MAP2 and GAP43. NTP treatment accelerated cell proliferation and regeneration of damaged neurons in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. These results establish the fact of NTP as a noninvasive and effective treatment for nerve injury.
Evaluation of metabolites in Iranian Licorice accessions under salinity stress and Azotobacter sp. inoculation
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Sasan , Karami Akbar , Saharkhiz Mohammad Jamal , Etemadi Mohammad , Zarshenas Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLicorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is an industrial medicinal plant that is potentially threatened by extinction. In this study, the effects of salinity (0 and 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)) and Azotobacter inoculation were evaluated on 16 licorice accessions. The results showed that salinity significantly reduced the fresh and dry biomass (FW and DW, respectively) of roots, compared to plants of the control group (a decrease of 15.92% and 17.26%, respectively). As a result of bacterial inoculation, the total sugar content of roots increased by 21.56% when salinity was applied, but increased by 14.01% without salinity. Salinity stress increased the content of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), phenols, and flavonoids in licorice roots by 104.6%, 117.2%, and 56.3%, respectively. Integrated bacterial inoculation and salt stress significantly increased the GA content in the accessions. Bajgah and Sepidan accessions had the highest GA contents (96.26 and 83.17 mg/g DW, respectively), while Eghlid accession had the lowest (41.98 mg/g DW). With the bacterial application, the maximum amounts of glabridin were obtained in Kashmar and Kermanshah accessions (2.04 and 1.98 mg/g DW, respectively). Bajgah and Kashmar accessions had higher amounts of rutin in their aerial parts (6.11 and 9.48 mg/g DW, respectively) when their roots were uninoculated. In conclusion, these results can assist in selecting promising licorice accessions for cultivation in harsh environments.
The interindividual variability of multimodal brain connectivity maintains spatial heterogeneity and relates to tissue microstructure
Authors: Karahan Esin , Tait Luke , Si Ruoguang , Özkan Ayşegül , Szul Maciek J. , Graham Kim S. , Lawrence Andrew D. , Zhang Jiaxiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumans differ from each other in a wide range of biometrics, but to what extent brain connectivity varies between individuals remains largely unknown. By combining diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), this study characterizes the inter-subject variability (ISV) of multimodal brain connectivity. Structural connectivity is characterized by higher ISV in association cortices including the core multiple-demand network and lower ISV in the sensorimotor cortex. MEG ISV exhibits frequency-dependent signatures, and the extent of MEG ISV is consistent with that of structural connectivity ISV in selective macroscopic cortical clusters. Across the cortex, the ISVs of structural connectivity and beta-band MEG functional connectivity are negatively associated with cortical myelin content indexed by the quantitative T1 relaxation rate measured by high-resolution 7 T MRI. Furthermore, MEG ISV from alpha to gamma bands relates to the hindrance and restriction of the white-matter tissue estimated by DWI microstructural models. Our findings depict the inter-relationship between the ISV of brain connectivity from multiple modalities, and highlight the role of tissue microstructure underpinning the ISV.
Dynamics of microbial community and enzyme activities during preparation ofAgaricus bisporuscompost substrate
Authors: Thai Meghann , Safianowicz Katarzyna , Bell Tina L , Kertesz Michael A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractButton mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) are grown commercially on a specialized substrate that is usually prepared from wheat straw and poultry manure in a microbially-mediated composting process. The quality and yield of the mushroom crop depends critically on the quality of this composted substrate, but details of the microbial community responsible for compost production have only emerged recently. Here we report a detailed study of microbial succession during mushroom compost production (wetting, thermophilic, pasteurization/conditioning, spawn run). The wetting and thermophilic phases were characterized by a rapid succession of bacterial and fungal communities, with maximum diversity at the high heat stage. Pasteurization/conditioning selected for a more stable community dominated by the thermophilic actinomycete Mycothermus thermophilus and a range of bacterial taxa including Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis and other Proteobacteria. These taxa decreased during spawn run and may be acting as a direct source of nutrition for the proliferating Agaricus mycelium, which has previously been shown to use microbial biomass in the compost for growth. Comparison of bacterial communities at five geographically separated composting yards in south-eastern Australia revealed similarities in microbial succession during composting, although the dominant bacterial taxa varied among sites. This suggests that specific microbial taxa or combinations of taxa may provide useful biomarkers of compost quality and may be applied as predictive markers of mushroom crop yield and quality.
Management of Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Polaková Eva , Veselka Josef 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulmonary embolism is a potentially lethal manifestation of venous thromboembolic disease. It is one of the three main causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Over the years, better diagnostic and risk stratification measures were implemented. A generous range of new treatment options is becoming available, particularly for management of massive pulmonary embolism. Nonetheless, clinicians often face uncertainty in clinical practice due to lack of scientific support for available treatment options. The aim of this article is to review management of massive pulmonary embolism.
Final report on key comparison APMP.M.P-K7.3 in hydraulic gauge pressure from 10 MPa to 100 MPa
Authors: Wongthep Padipat , Kajikawa Hiroaki , Changpan Tawat , Sainoo Likit , Khamnounsak Chaveng , Kobata Tokihiko , Ega Adindra Vickar , Samodro R Rudi Anggoro , Thang Nguyen Nam , Tuan Hoang Le , Manalo Radley F , Salazar Maryness I 
Published: September 2022

Main text
This report describes the results of a key comparison among hydraulic high pressure standards that have been maintained by seven National Metrology Institutes (NMIs: NIMT, NMIJ/AIST, NPLI, RCM-LIPI, NMIM, VMI and NMLPHIL). This comparison was carried out during the period March 2016 to October 2017 within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) in order to determine their degrees of equivalence in the pressure range from 10 MPa to 100 MPa, gauge mode. The pilot institute was the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) (NIMT). All participating institutes used hydraulic pressure balance as their pressure standards. In order to ensure reliability, two high precision pressure transducers were used as the transfer standard. The sensing element of the transducers was a precision quartz crystal resonator attached to a small Bourdon tube. During the comparison, the transfer standard was calibrated at the pilot institute two times, before and after circulating the transfer standard to participants. From the two NIMT calibration results, the transfer standard was sufficiently stable to meet the requirements of the comparison. The long-term instability obtained from the two calibration results was taken into account as the uncertainty of the transfer standard for all participants. As the matter of fact NPL India and NMIM participated in this comparison as one of the linkage institutes and participating institutes, respectively. However, it was found later that the systems of hydraulic pressure balance reference standards used in this comparison were not functioning. Therefore, the comparison results were withdrawn. The degrees of equivalence of each national measurement standard were expressed quantitatively by deviations from the key comparison reference value of the corresponding CCM key comparison, CCM.P-K7 through the linkage institute, NMIJ/AIST. In conclusion, the hydraulic pressure standards in the range 10 MPa to 100 MPa, gauge mode of the five participating NMIs were found to be equivalent within their claimed uncertainties.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
High-performance HV-CMOS sensors for future particle physics experiments — an overview
Authors: Zhang C. , Casse G. , Franks M. , Hammerich J. , Karim N. , Powell S. , Vilella E. , Vossebeld J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
HV-CMOS (High Voltage-CMOS) sensors are emerging as a prime candidate for future tracking detectors that have extreme requirements on material budget, pixel granularity, time resolution and radiation tolerance. These sensors have the advantages of full monolithic structure, low manufacture cost, fast charge collection and high radiation tolerance. Confirmed and potential tracking applications in physics experiments include the Mu3e experiment, proton EDM searches, future upgrades of LHC (Large Hadron Collider) and CEPC (Circular Electron Positron Collider). The HV-CMOS group at Liverpool is doing generic R&D to push the boundaries of HV-CMOS sensors performance, especially in terms of single point resolution, fast-timing capability and radiation tolerance. This contribution gives an overview of the latest research by the Liverpool HV-CMOS group and presents the HV-CMOS prototypes developed in Liverpool.
“RIPTIDE” — an innovative recoil-proton track imaging detector
Authors: Massimi C. , Musumarra A. , Leone F. , Pellegriti M.G. , Romano F. , Spighi R. , Villa M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neutron detectors perform key tasks in many research fields as nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics as well as neutron dosimetry, radiotherapy, and radiation protection. Neutron detectors exhibiting tracking capability are still missing, although several approaches to neutron momentum reconstruction have been proposed. In this context, we aim at developing a novel RecoIl-Proton Track Imaging DEtection system “RIPTIDE”, in which the light output of a fast scintillation signal is used to perform a complete reconstruction in space and time of the neutron-proton elastic scattering. The 3D track reconstruction is going to be implemented by state-of-the-art high-sensitivity imaging detector (CMOS, MCP-Timepix). Preliminary Geant4 simulations of the proposed set-up show up a good detection efficiency in a compact active volume. The envisaged electronic readout can be easily adapted according to a specific application (event-by-event mode or integration mode). The system can be rescaled by increasing the detection volume or by combining several detection modules. Further developments of the basic detection technique can be adapted for fast charged particle detection tracking as well.
Suppression of electrical breakdown phenomena in liquid TriMethyl Bismuth based ionization detectors
Authors: Gerke Björn , Peters Simon-Nis , Marquardt Nils , Huhmann Christian , Hannen Volker Michael , Holtkamp Michael , Karst Uwe , Yvon Dominique , Sharyy Viatcheslav , Weinheimer Christian , Schäfers Klaus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Organometallic liquids provide good properties for ionization detectors. TriMethyl Bismuth
(TMBi) has been proposed as a detector medium with charge and Cherenkov photon readout for
Positron Emission Tomography. In this work, we present studies for the handling of TMBi at
different electric fields and under different environmental conditions to find applicable
configurations for the suppression of electrical breakdowns in TMBi at room temperature. A simple
glass cell with two electrodes filled with TMBi was constructed and tested under different
operation conditions. Working at the vapour pressure of TMBi at room temperature of about
40 mbar and electric fields of up to
20 kV/cm
in presence of a small oxygen contamination
we found the formation of a discharge channel in the liquid and a steady increase in the
current. Further reduction of pressure by pumping caused the TMBi to boil and a spontaneous
combustion. Eliminating the oxygen contamination led the TMBi under the same condition to only
decompose. When operating the setup under an argon atmosphere of 1 bar we did not observe
breakdowns of the electrical potential up to field strengths of 20 kV/cm. Still, in
presence of a small oxygen contamination fluctuating currents in the nA range were observed, but
no decomposition or combustion. We conclude from our experiments that TMBi at room temperature in
a pure argon atmosphere of 1 bar remains stable against electrical breakdown at least up to
electric field strengths of 20 kV/cm, presumably because the formation of gaseous TMBi was
prevented.