bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in heart failure
Authors: Averbuch Tauben , Sullivan Kristen , Sauer Andrew , Mamas Mamas A , Voors Adriaan A , Gale Chris P , Metra Marco , Ravindra Neal , Van Spall Harriette G C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a sub-field of artificial intelligence that uses computer algorithms to extract patterns from raw data, acquire knowledge without human input, and apply this knowledge for various tasks. Traditional statistical methods that classify or regress data have limited capacity to handle large datasets that have a low signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast to traditional models, ML relies on fewer assumptions, can handle larger and more complex datasets, and does not require predictors or interactions to be pre-specified, allowing for novel relationships to be detected. In this review, we discuss the rationale for the use and applications of ML in heart failure, including disease classification, early diagnosis, early detection of decompensation, risk stratification, optimal titration of medical therapy, effective patient selection for devices, and clinical trial recruitment. We discuss how ML can be used to expedite implementation and close healthcare gaps in learning healthcare systems. We review the limitations of ML, including opaque logic and unreliable model performance in the setting of data errors or data shift. Whilst ML has great potential to improve clinical care and research in HF, the applications must be externally validated in prospective studies for broad uptake to occur.
Gram-negative bacteria act as a reservoir for aminoglycoside antibiotics that interact with host factors to enhance bacterial killing in a mouse model of pneumonia
Authors: Wijers Christiaan D M , Pham Ly , Douglass Martin V , Skaar Eric P , Palmer Lauren D , Noto Michael J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn vitro exposure of multiple Gram-negative bacteria to an aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotic has previously been demonstrated to result in bacterial alterations that interact with host factors to suppress Gram-negative pneumonia. However, the mechanisms resulting in suppression are not known. Here, the hypothesis that Gram-negative bacteria bind and retain AGs, which are introduced into the lung and interact with host defenses to affect bacterial killing, was tested. Following in vitro exposure of one of several, pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to the AG antibiotics kanamycin or gentamicin, AGs were detected in bacterial cell pellets (up to 208 μg/mL). Using inhibitors of AG binding and internalization, the bacterial outer membrane was implicated as the predominant kanamycin and gentamicin reservoir. Following intranasal administration of gentamicin-bound bacteria or gentamicin solution at the time of infection with live, AG-naïve bacteria, gentamicin was detected in the lungs of infected mice (up to 8 μg/g). Co-inoculation with gentamicin-bound bacteria resulted in killing of AG-naïve bacteria by up to 3-log10, mirroring the effects of intranasal gentamicin treatment. In vitro killing of AG-naïve bacteria mediated by kanamycin-bound bacteria required the presence of detergents or pulmonary surfactant, suggesting that increased bacterial killing inside the murine lung is facilitated by the detergent component of pulmonary surfactant. These findings demonstrate that Gram-negative bacteria bind and retain AGs that can interact with host-derived pulmonary surfactant to enhance bacterial killing in the lung. This may help explain why AGs appear to have unique efficacy in the lung and might expand their clinical utility.
Population-specific, recent positive selection signatures in cultivatedCucumis sativusL. (cucumber)
Authors: Lin Xinrui , Zhang Ning , Song Hongtao , Lin Kui , Pang Erli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPopulation-specific, positive selection promotes the diversity of populations and drives local adaptations in the population. However, little is known about population-specific, recent positive selection in the populations of cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Based on a genomic variation map of individuals worldwide, we implemented a Fisher’s combination method by combining 4 haplotype-based approaches: integrated haplotype score (iHS), number of segregating sites by length (nSL), cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH), and Rsb. Overall, we detected 331, 2,147, and 3,772 population-specific, recent positive selective sites in the East Asian, Eurasian, and Xishuangbanna populations, respectively. Moreover, we found that these sites were related to processes for reproduction, response to abiotic and biotic stress, and regulation of developmental processes, indicating adaptations to their microenvironments. Meanwhile, the selective genes associated with traits of fruits were also observed, such as the gene related to the shorter fruit length in the Eurasian population and the gene controlling flesh thickness in the Xishuangbanna population. In addition, we noticed that soft sweeps were common in the East Asian and Xishuangbanna populations. Genes involved in hard or soft sweeps were related to developmental regulation and abiotic and biotic stress resistance. Our study offers a comprehensive candidate dataset of population-specific, selective signatures in cultivated cucumber populations. Our methods provide guidance for the analysis of population-specific, positive selection. These findings will help explore the biological mechanisms of adaptation and domestication of cucumber.
Social Media Analysis of Customer Emotions in Pizza Industry
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Umar , Rehmat Urva , Ahmad Imran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper, ’Social Media Analysis of Customer Emotions in Pizza Industry’ by Muhammad Umar Nasir, Urva Rehmat and Imran Ahmad, published in The Computer Journal (April 2022), looks at social media influence on UK pizza sales.
A triple star origin for T Pyx and other short-period recurrent novae
Authors: Knigge C , Toonen S , Boekholt T C N 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Recurrent novae are star systems in which a massive white dwarf accretes material at such a high rate that it undergoes thermonuclear runaways every 1–100 yr. They are the only class of novae in which the white dwarf can grow in mass, making some of these systems strong Type Ia supernova progenitor candidates. Almost all known recurrent novae are long-period ($P_{\mathrm{orb}} \gtrsim 12\, \mathrm{h}$) binary systems in which the requisite mass supply rate can be provided by an evolved (sub-)giant donor star. However, at least two recurrent novae are short-period ($P_{\mathrm{orb}} \lesssim 3\, \mathrm{h}$) binaries in which mass transfer would normally be driven by gravitational radiation at rates three to four orders of magnitude smaller than required. Here, we show that the prototype of this class – T Pyxidis – has a distant proper motion companion and therefore likely evolved from a hierarchical triple star system. Triple evolution can naturally produce exotic compact binaries as a result of three-body dynamics, either by Kozai–Lidov eccentricity cycles in dynamically stable systems or via mass-loss-induced dynamical instabilities. By numerically evolving triple progenitors with physically reasonable parameters forward in time, we show explicitly that the inner binary can become so eccentric that mass transfer is triggered at periastron, driving the secondary out of thermal equilibrium. We suggest that short-period recurrent novae likely evolved via this extreme state, explaining their departure from standard binary evolution tracks.
Search for carbon-bearing compounds on low-albedo asteroids
Authors: Hromakina T , Barucci M A , Belskaya I , Fornasier S , Merlin F , Praet A , Poggiali G , Matsuoka M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we aim to investigate the presence of absorption bands around 3.4 μm in the infrared spectra of primitive asteroids. We collected the published reflectance spectra of low-albedo asteroids from the literature and analyzed the 2.4-3.8 μm region using the same techniques. From the initial dataset of 92 asteroids, we restricted our analysis to 42 spectra of low-albedo asteroids with a good signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and we found the absorption feature around 3.4 μm in the spectra of 16 objects. For objects that are classified by the 3 μm band into the ’rounded’, Ceres-like, and Europa-like groups, the depth of the 3.4 μm feature is strongly correlated with that of the 3 μm band. The majority of objects in our dataset not showing the 3.4 μm absorption band have lower S/N spectra and belong to Ch or Chg classes, while asteroids with a detected 3.4 μm bands mostly belong to C, B, and also P types. Additionally, asteroids with a detected 3.4 μm band tend to have a lower albedo, redder J-K colors, and more neutral U-V colors. We observe that the analyzed objects larger than ∼300 km in diameter show features due to carbon-bearing materials, which could be explained by their higher S/N ratio in our dataset. Finally, we found that the distributions of asteroids showing the 3.4 μm feature appear to be shifted towards larger distances from the Sun compared to those not showing this band.
The multifrequency angular power spectrum in parameter studies of the cosmic 21-cm signal
Authors: Mondal Rajesh , Mellema Garrelt , Murray Steven G , Greig Bradley 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The light-cone effect breaks the periodicity and statistical homogeneity (ergodicity) along the line-of-sight direction of cosmological emission/absorption line surveys. The spherically averaged power spectrum (SAPS), which by definition assumes ergodicity and periodicity in all directions, can only quantify some of the second-order statistical information in the 3D light-cone signals, and therefore, gives a biased estimate of the true statistics. The multifrequency angular power spectrum (MAPS), by extracting more information from the data, does not rely on these assumptions. It is therefore better aligned with the properties of the signal. We have compared the performance of the MAPS and SAPS metrics for parameter estimation of a mock 3D light-cone observation of the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. Our investigation is based on a simplified 3-parameter 21cmFAST model. We find that the MAPS produces parameter constraints, which are a factor of ∼2 more stringent than when the SAPS is used. The significance of this result does not change much even in the presence of instrumental noise expected for 128 h of SKA-Low observations. Our results therefore suggest that a parameter estimation framework based on the MAPS metric would yield superior results over one using the SAPS metric.
Connectome-based prediction of marital quality in husbands’ processing of spousal interactions
Authors: Ma Shan-Shan , Zhang Jin-Tao , Song Kun-Ru , Zhao Rui , Fang Ren-Hui , Wang Luo-Bin , Yao Shu-Ting , Hu Yi-Fan , Jiang Xin-Ying , Potenza Marc N , Fang Xiao-Yi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMarital quality may decrease during the early years of marriage. Establishing models predicting individualized marital quality may help develop timely and effective interventions to maintain or improve marital quality. Given that marital interactions have an important impact on marital well-being cross-sectionally and prospectively, neural responses during marital interactions may provide insight into neural bases underlying marital well-being. The current study applies connectome-based predictive modeling, a recently developed machine-learning approach, to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from both partners of 25 early-stage Chinese couples to examine whether an individual’s unique pattern of brain functional connectivity (FC) when responding to spousal interactive behaviors can reliably predict their own and their partners’ marital quality after 13 months. Results revealed that husbands’ FC involving multiple large networks, when responding to their spousal interactive behaviors, significantly predicted their own and their wives’ marital quality, and this predictability showed gender specificity. Brain connectivity patterns responding to general emotional stimuli and during the resting state were not significantly predictive. This study demonstrates that husbands’ differences in large-scale neural networks during marital interactions may contribute to their variability in marital quality and highlights gender-related differences. The findings lay a foundation for identifying reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for developing interventions for marital quality early in marriages.
β‐catenin Overexpressing Hepatocytes Reduce Bile Stasis by Contributing to Cholangiocyte‐Like Phenotype in Murine Model of Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Goel Chhavi , Li Qin , Cornuet Pamela , Nejak‐Bowen Kari 
Published: May 2022

Study ObjectiveTo investigate the role of β‐catenin overexpression in hepatocytes (HC) in hepatocyte‐to‐biliary reprogramming during intrahepatic cholestasis.HypothesisWe previously reported that mice transgenic for Ser‐45 mutant β‐catenin (TG) show increased hepatocyte‐to‐biliary reprogramming after administration of the porphyrinogenic biliary toxin 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet for 1 month. However, whether these cholangiocyte‐like hepatocytes fully convert into cholangiocytes (CC) or maintain an intermediate phenotype, remains unclear. We hypothesized that TG livers will have more HC‐derived CC than wild type and contribute to functional de novo biliary branches that will alleviate disease severity.MethodsAge matched WT control (Con) and TG, both containing ROSA26‐stopflox/flox, were injected with AAV8‐TBG‐Cre to permanently label hepatocytes with EYFP and then fed 0.1% DDC diet for different time points ‐ 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d, 150d. Before sacrifice, bile flow analysis was measured for 1h to obtain flow rate and bile was collected. Liver histology and serum biochemistry were analyzed for fibrosis and parameters of injury. Porphyrin measurement was assessed in the liver tissues. Relative gene expression for bile transporter genes and immunofluorescence staining were performed to determine the expression of biliary markers.ResultsTG mice showed significantly increased bile flow rate as compared to Con mice after 150d of DDC diet. Liver histology and porphyrin measurement analysis showed significantly less porphyrin accumulation in TG as compared to the Con. Analysis of bile homeostasis and transport genes demonstrated comparable levels of expression in TG and Con mice suggesting a possible mechanism by which HC contribute to bile duct formation and thus, increase bile flow rate observed in TG. HC‐derived ducts positive for both EYFP and Sox9 were observed more frequently in TG mice compared to Con. Nevertheless, serum biochemistry did not show any differences in hepatic and biliary injury in these groups.ConclusionsMice with β‐catenin overexpressing HC showed significantly improved bile flow rate and reduced porphyrin accumulation in response to the biliary toxin DDC. Using HC fate‐tracing, we observed increased biliary cell markers in TG hepatocytes that is suggestive of the mechanism of enhanced bile flow. Further studies would be focused on assessing the functional comparison of these HC‐derived CC to native CC and evaluate if β‐catenin overexpression mediates similar biliary reprogramming in response to short‐term DDC diet.
First Description of Different Neutrophil Populations in the Mucosa of the Female Genital Tract Identified by Spatial Transcriptomics
Authors: Carrillo‐Salinas Francisco J. , Parthasarathy Ragav S. , Moreno de Lara Laura , Borchers Anna , Werner Alexandra E. , Rodriguez‐Garcia Marta 
Published: May 2022

Women worldwide acquire the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mainly through sexual contact. The female genital tract (FGT) has a unique mucosal surface that combines reproductive function with host defense against incoming pathogens, with a complex array of local immune defenses coordinated to protect against viral infections, including HIV. The first line of defense is formed by the epithelial cell barrier, mucus and secreted immune mediators. In addition, neutrophil recruitment to the genital mucosa is essential to maintain homeostasis, reproductive function and, as first responders against an insult, fight pathogens. We hypothesize that different populations of neutrophils exist within the FGT mucosa to play distinct roles in homeostasis and defense. To gain insight into neutrophil distribution and function within FGT tissues, we performed immunofluorescent staining of human endocervical and ectocervical tissue sections using neutrophil elastase antibody. Neutrophils were found concentrated towards the mucosal surface, positioned close to or within the epithelium, and also scattered throughout the tissue. Using spatial transcriptomics, neutrophils were selected in regions of interest (ROIs) with a segmentation mask and RNA extracted for sequencing. Whole transcriptome analysis segregated the transcriptional profiles of subepithelial and tissue‐scattered neutrophils and detected differential gene expression based on tissue location. Interestingly, epithelium‐associated neutrophil transcripts were enriched for pathways characteristic of defense (i.e., “Antimicrobial peptides”, “Neutrophil degranulation”, “Chemokine receptors bind chemokines”, among others). In addition, epithelium‐associated neutrophils showed an upregulation of CD16 and CD62L measured by flow cytometry, which indicates an activated state and could be associated to microbiota‐neutrophil interactions and protection of the very first layer of mucosal tissue.For the first time, we describe different populations of neutrophils within the mucosal FGT and set foundation for mucosal immunity research, with potential for development of therapeutic interventions against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
Dexmedetomidine and Other Analgosedatives Alter Pupil Characteristics in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Chan Wang Pong , Prescott Brenton R. , Barra Megan E. , Chung David Y. , Kim Ivy S. , Saglam Hanife , Hutch Meghan R. , Shin Min , Zafar Sahar F. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Smirnakis Stelios M. , Dupuis Josée , Greer David M. , Ong Charlene J. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
In critically ill patients with neurologic disease, pupil examination abnormalities can signify evolving intracranial pathology. Analgesic and sedative medications (analgosedatives) target pupillary pathways, but it remains unknown how analgosedatives alter pupil findings in the clinical care setting. We assessed dexmedetomidine and other analgosedative associations with pupil reactivity and size in a heterogeneous cohort of critically ill patients with acute intracranial pathology.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Two neurologic ICUs between 2016 and 2018.

PATIENTS:
Critically ill adult patients with pupil measurements within 60 minutes of analgosedative administration. Patients with a history of intrinsic retinal pathology, extracranial injury, inaccessible brain imaging, or no Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) data were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We used mixed-effects linear regression accounting for intrapatient correlations and adjusting for sex, age, GCS score, radiographic mass effect, medication confounders, and ambient light. We tested the association between an initiation or increased IV infusion of dexmedetomidine and pupil reactivity (Neurologic Pupil Index [NPi]) and resting pupil size (mm) obtained using NeurOptics NPi—200 (NeurOptics, Irvine, CA) pupillometer. Of our 221 patients with 9,897 pupil observations (median age, 60 [interquartile range, 50–68]; 59% male), 37 patients (166 pupil observations) were exposed to dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine was associated with higher average NPi (β = 0.18 per 1 unit increase in rank-normalized NPi ± 0.04; p < 0.001) and smaller pupil size (β = –0.25 ± 0.05; p < 0.001). Exploratory analyses revealed that acetaminophen was associated with higher average NPi (β = 0.04 ± 0.02; p = 0.02) and that most IV infusion analgosedatives including propofol, fentanyl, and midazolam were associated with smaller pupil size.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dexmedetomidine is associated with higher pupil reactivity (high NPi) and smaller pupil size in a cohort of critically ill patients with neurologic injury. Familiarity with expected pupil changes following analgosedative administration is important for accurate interpretation of pupil examination findings, facilitating optimal management of patients with acute intracranial pathology.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists for the Treatment of Left Ventricular Thrombus: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Yanming , Zhu Mei , Wang Kai , Xu Qiang , Ma Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Left ventricular thrombi (LVTs) increase the risk of stroke, systemic embolism, and subsequent death. Current guidelines recommend vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as first-line treatment for LVT. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used as alternatives to warfarin for the treatment of LVT. However, the efficacy and safety of DOACs versus VKAs remain controversial. Thus, we conducted an updated meta-analysis of DOACs versus VKAs for LVT treatment. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published before December 11, 2021. The relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each study. The meta-analysis included 12 cohort studies and 3 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2334 patients. We found that DOACs had a lower risk of clinically significant bleeding than VKAs (RR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.90; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%). There was no difference in LVT resolution (RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.09; P = 0.48; I2 = 0%), stroke and/or systematic embolic events (RR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.11 to 1.55; P = 0.2; I2 = 30%), and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.4; P = 0.65; I2 = 0%). Overall, DOACs are noninferior to warfarin in LVT treatment but have a lower risk of clinically significant bleeding. This suggests that DOACs might be better alternatives to warfarin for LVT treatment.
Infection Rate Comparison during Transition from Hospital to Office WALANT Enabled by Virtual Reality
Authors: Oakes Tannur C. , Wong Karren C. , Schank Kyle J. , Haan Pam , Bray Stephanie M. , Clarkson James H. W. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
We transitioned our hand practice from the operating room (OR) to our office-based procedure room (OPR) to offer wide-awake, local anesthesia, no tourniquet (WALANT). We have established that using wide-awake virtual reality improves patient comfort and anxiety during wide-awake procedures and helps facilitate our patients’ choice of venue. We aimed to assess the effect of this transition on infection rates for procedures performed by a single surgeon in the OR versus the OPR.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed on a single surgeon’s adult patients who underwent elective and closed traumatic upper limb surgeries. A surgical site infection was defined as superficial or deep, based on clinical examination conducted by the surgeon, and was treated with antibiotics within a 4-week postoperative window.

Results:
From August 2017 to August 2019, 538 (216 OR and 322 OPR) consecutive cases met inclusion criteria. There were six (2.78%) superficial infections and zero deep space infections in the OR cohort compared with four (1.24%) superficial and zero deep space infections in the OPR cohort with no statistical significance. Two-thirds of cases were converted to WALANT and delivered in the office.

Conclusions:
This narrative study concurs with the current literature that WALANT in the office setting is as safe as the hospital OR-based procedures for selected elective cases. By transitioning suitable cases from the OR to the OPR, a surgeon’s overall infection rate should not change.