bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of tight blood glucose control within normal fasting ranges with insulin titration prescribed by the Leuven algorithm in adult critically ill patients: the TGC-fast randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gunst Jan , Mebis Liese , Wouters Pieter J , Hermans Greet , Dubois Jasperina , Wilmer Alexander , Hoste Eric , Benoit Dominique , Berghe Greet Van den 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: It remains controversial whether critical illness-related hyperglycemia should be treated or not, since randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown context-dependent outcome effects. Whereas pioneer RCTs found improved outcome by normalizing blood glucose in patients receiving early parenteral nutrition (PN), a multicenter RCT revealed increased mortality in patients not receiving early PN. Although withholding early PN has become the feeding standard, the multicenter RCT showing harm by tight glucose control in this context has been criticized for its potentially unreliable glucose control protocol. We hypothesize that tight glucose control is effective and safe using a validated protocol in adult critically ill patients not receiving early PN.Methods: The TGC-fast study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter RCT. Patients unable to eat, with need for arterial and central venous line and without therapy restriction are randomized upon ICU admission to tight (80-110 mg/dl) or liberal glucose control (only initiating insulin when hyperglycemia >215 mg/dl, and then targeting 180-215 mg/dl). Glucose measurements are performed on arterial blood by a blood gas analyzer, and if needed, insulin is only administered continuously through a central venous line. If the arterial line is no longer needed, glucose is measured on capillary blood. In the intervention group, tight control is guided by the validated LOGIC-Insulin software. In the control arm, a software alert is used to maximize protocol compliance. The intervention is continued until ICU discharge, until the patient is able to eat or no longer in need of a central venous line, whatever comes first. The study is powered to detect, with at least 80% power and a 5% alpha error rate, a one day difference in ICU dependency (primary endpoint) and a 1.5% increase in hospital mortality (safety endpoint), for which 9230 patients need to be included. Secondary endpoints include acute and long-term morbidity and mortality, and healthcare costs. Biological samples are collected to study potential mechanisms of organ protection.Discussion: The ideal glucose target for critically ill patients remains debated. The trial will inform physicians on the optimal glucose control strategy in adult critically ill patients not receiving early PN.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT03665207
Comparative thermal kinetic analysis of Nickel hydroxide nanoparticles through Chemical precipitation and Sol-gel routes
Authors: Mohaideen H. Mohamed , sivabalan G. , Natarajan B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In most of the chemical methods, the as-prepared NPs have metal hydroxide form. The calcination temperature is very important to prepare the metal oxide from metal hydroxide. On the other hand, calcinations is a commonly used treatment method to increase the crystallinity and activity of the prepared NPs. Thus, in the present work, the chemical precipitation and sol-gel routes were employed to produce the Nickel hydroxide nanoparticles and analyse their functional, structural and thermal behavior of prepared NPs using FTIR, XRD and TGA/DTG. The formation of Ni(OH)2 is confirmed by FTIR analysis including both techniques. The crystallite size values are 15.55 ± 1.65 and 4.11 ± 1.37 nm for chemical precipitation and sol-gel respectively. The kinetic factors of thermal activation energy (Ea), order of decomposition (n), and frequency factor (Z) were calculated using Sharp–Wentworth, Freeman-Carroll, MacCallum-Tanner, Coats-Redfern, Horowitz–Metzger, and Broido. The thermo dynamical factors were identified from thermal activation energy. The Phadnis–Deshpande model is employed to identify the mechanism of solid state kinetic reaction. The thermal activation energy are 10.23 KJmol− 1 for both methods. Solid state kinetic model observe a nucleation and nuclei growth (Avrami-Erofeev nuclei growth) and 2D diffusion mechanism for chemical precipitation and Sol-gel respectively. For both procedures, a temperature of 300°C is regarded the minimum appropriate temperature for further calcinations. From the kinetic parameters, we may also conclude that the decomposition of Ni(OH)2 to NiO is thermally stable, slow reaction and spontaneous process at the reported temperature.
Tick microbial associations at the crossroad of horizontal and vertical transmission pathways
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra I. , Röttjers Sam , Coimbra-Dores Maria J. , Heylen Dieter J. A. , Fonville Manoj , Takken Willem , Faust Karoline , Sprong Hein 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Microbial communities can affect disease risk by interfering with the transmission or maintenance of pathogens in blood-feeding arthropods. Here, we investigated whether bacterial communities vary between Ixodes ricinus nymphs, which are (un)infected with horizontally-transmitted human pathogens. Methods: Ticks from eight forest sites were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis by qPCR, pooled, and their microbiomes were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Tick bacterial communities clustered poorly by pathogen infection status but better by geography. As a second approach, we analysed variation in tick microorganism community structure (in terms of species co-infection) across space using hierarchical modelling of species communities. For that, we analysed almost 14,000 nymphs, which were tested with targeted qPCR for the presence of horizontally-transmitted pathogens B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum, and N. mikurensis, and the vertically-transmitted tick symbionts Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsiella spp., Spiroplasma ixodetis and Midichloria mitochondrii. Results: All microorganisms but Rickettsiella spp. had either significant negative (R. helvetica and A. phagocytophilum) or positive (S. ixodetis, N. mikurensis, and B. burgdorferi s.l.) associations with M. mitochondrii. Two tick symbionts, R. helvetica and S. ixodetis, were negatively associated. As expected, both B. burgdorferi s.l. and N. mikurensis had a significant positive association with each other and a negative association with A. phagocytophilum. Although these few specific associations do not appear to affect much the entire microbiome composition, they can still be relevant for tick-borne pathogen dynamics. Conclusions: Based on our results, we propose that M. mitochondrii alters the propensity of ticks to acquire or maintain horizontally-acquired pathogens. The underlying mechanisms for some of these remarkable interactions are discussed and merit further investigation.
Predicting Future Mosquito Habitats Using Time Series Climate Forecasting and Deep Learning
Authors: Sun Christopher , Nimbalkar Jay , Bedi Ravnoor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mosquito habitat ranges are projected to expand due to climate change. This investigation aims to identify future mosquito habitats by analyzing the preferred ecological conditions of mosquito larvae. After assembling a data set with atmospheric records and citizen-science larvae observations, a deep neural network is trained to predict larvae counts from ecological inputs. Time series forecasting is conducted on these variables and climate projections are passed into the initial deep learning model to generate location-specific mosquito larvae abundance predictions. The results support the notion of regional ecosystem-driven changes in mosquito spread, with high-elevation regions increasing in susceptibility to mosquito infestation.
Determination of Near-Surface Turbulent Fluxes at a Tropical Location: An Evaluation of Flux-Profile Technique
Authors: Babatunde Oladimeji. A. , Olufemi Ayodele P. , Sunmonu Lukman A. , Omokungbe Opeyemi R. , Toyeje Adekunle B. , Obisesan Omodara. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multilevel measurements of mean meteorological variables and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) were undertaken at the experimental site located within the Teaching and Research Farm of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between the 1st of June and 31st of July, 2016. Existing empirical flux-profile relationships under the framework of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) were used to estimate the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat. The performance of the flux-profile technique was then evaluated based on direct measurements of turbulent fluxes obtained from an eddy covariance system. The results showed that the sensible heat flux estimated from flux-profile relationships has a maximum value of 96.4 W/m2 (daytime mean value of 52.02 W/m2) in June while a peak value of 145.2 W/m2 (daytime mean value of 63.1 W/m2) was obtained from direct measurement. In July, a maximum value of 101.07 W/m2 was estimated as compared to 142.84 W/m2 that was obtained from direct measurement. The percentage error calculated for the period averaged values showed that the sensible heat flux was overestimated by up to 25%. The latent heat flux estimated gave a maximum value of 98.4W/m2 in June whereas a peak value of 310 W/m2 was obtained from the direct measurement. In July, a maximum value of 105.09 W/m2 was estimated as compared to 350 W/m2 recorded from direct measurements of the EC system. Negative Mean Bias Error, MBE values of -27.4 and − 18.6 W/m2 obtained for June and July respectively indicated the underestimation of latent heat flux by the flux-profile method.
On the lack of self-concept and social representation of misophonia and their modulation by an intervention
Authors: Ferrer-Torres Antonia , Giménez-Llort Lydia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Misophonia is a poorly understood and underdiagnosed disorder. People who suffer from this condition without knowing it has a notable deterioration in their quality of life, affecting their personal and social relationships. The present study characterized the self-concept of 82 people (women:men, 3:2) attending a medical psychology center in Barcelona before and after their diagnosis of misophonia and intervention to raise awareness. The social representation of misophonia was also studied in their close relatives. A lexicometric analysis using IRaMuTeQ software qualified and quantified the 164 participants' words to describe the patient's behavior (associative cards method) in a list of situations reported but not yet identified as triggers of misophonic responses. The corpus of text, branching, and the word clouds of the most used words showed a high frequency of negative qualifiers (attributed to personality) from relatives [ranking:“irritable” (n=30), “narrow-minded” (n=24) and “anxious” (n=15)] and in the self-concept of patients [ranking: “irritable” (n=34) and “anxious” (n=26), tolerant (n=24) and frank (n=18)], with higher diversification in patients than relatives (14:8 qualifiers n>10), and an increased post-intervention (17:10 qualifiers >10). The intervention strongly modified the corpus since “misophonic” and “disorder” appeared in the self-concept post-intervention, but not the concept, suggesting relatives need substantial efforts to be aware of the nature/impact of the disorder. The distribution of misophonia levels differed among sexes (higher representation of women at level 2 [56%], while men mainly were diagnosed at level 3 [50%]) while age only showed tends. Interestingly, the intervention increased 2.71 points the misophonia score obtained in a self-administered questionnaire repeated seven months later and rescued 13.4% of positive diagnoses, suggesting that for the patients to recognize the diagnosis of misophonia in themselves, they must first ­­be aware of this concept. The individuals with less self-concept stability more frequently recognized themselves as misophonic. Besides, 21% of the variance in the change in self-concept was explained by the change in the concept of a close relative. In summary, the lack of self-concept and social representation of misophonia have strong implications for all the actors and are relevant to design interventions to reduce their impact.
Ethnic Fractionalization, State Fragility and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Case of Sub Saharan Africa (SSA)
Authors: Chigeto Amsalu Dachito 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the link between ethnic fractionalization, state fragility, and economic growth in developing countries. 80 countries (41 from SSA and 39 from HICs) were chosen obtaining panel data spanning the years 2007 to 2020. The relationship between the three variables was estimated using the Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) approach, with the direct influence of ethnic fractionalization on economic growth assessed first, followed by an estimate of its indirect effect via the transmission channels. The estimated empirical results revealed that ethnic fractionalization had a minimal effect on economic growth in both SSA and high-income countries. In terms of the indirect effects of the two elements on growth, there were mixed results, with some transmission channels putting a negative strain on economic growth and others imposing a positive one. In addition, we fail to confirm the assumption that ethnic fractionalization would have a strong negative impact on growth in countries where state fragility is higher. Thus, we assert that “the conventional wisdom” in the literature about the negative relationship between growth and ethnic variety could not be well-founded and robust, and that further investigation could clear up the impurity in the field.
Analysis of duck eggshells as hydroxyapatite with heat treatment method
Authors: Sabir Asmeati , Abbas Hammada , Aminy Ahmad Yusran , Asmal Sapta 
Published: August 2022

Duck eggshell contains very high calcium, making it a raw material for hydroxyapatite (HA) biomedical applications. The aim of this study was to synthesize natural HA from duck eggshell waste using cleaning, drying, smoothing with a smoothness level of passing is 200 meshes and heat treatment with temperature variations of 850 ºC, 900 ºC, and 950 ºC for one hour. The resulting HA material was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the physical characteristics of raw duck eggshells without heat treatment are white, slightly bluish in color, the smell and level of smoothness is smooth. However, heated powdered duck eggshells which are heated 950 °C are whiter than the samples which are heated at 850 ºC and 900 ºC, they have no odor and their smoothness is the smoothest. The small peaks of HA from the non-heat duck eggshell powder were 64.89 % with a CaCO3 of 23.50 %, then the peak of CaO increased along with the increasing of heat treatment temperature of 900 °C that result HA in 69.31 % and reduce CaCO3 in 19.44 %. Duck egg shell powder achieved the highest diffraction with the increasing formation of HA at a heat 950 ºC by 91.87 % with a very significant decrease of CaCO3 in 2.25 %. The XRF test results of duck eggshell powder showed that the chemical composition of CaO was 99.50 %, with elemental calcium (Ca) of 99.71 %. The FTIR test results on mesh 200 observed a reduction in the intensity of CaCO3 absorption, while the intensity of CaO at 364.55 cm-1 was getting stronger, which indicated the formation of CaO at 950 °C. This showed that the CaO formation at a temperature of 950 ºC was much more than the formation at a lower temperature. The deformation from the CaO to HA phase was close to perfect with 91.87 % hydroxylapatite
Runoff estimation using satellite images in sparsely gauged basins: a case of Nzoia River Basin, Kenya
Authors: Mureithi Kivuti , Kosgei Job Rotich , Nyandwaro Gilbert Nyageikaro , Kemboi Ednah Jelagat , Sum Noah Kipyego 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNzoia River Basin is an important water resources development and management unit not only in Kenya but also in the region. The basin drains into Lake Victoria, frequently experiences severe flooding, and the catchment area has recently been dominated by unsustainable human activities. The resulting perturbations coupled with a changing climate could have far-reaching consequences in the near future. Efforts to understand the influence of the changes are complicated by a dwindling hydro-meteorological network. This study explored the efficacy of satellite data to estimate run-off time series for the basin. NAM model in Mike 11 was set-up, calibrated and validated. A run-off time series was then generated. The Goddard Earth Observing System model version 5 (GEOS-5) satellite data from NASA was then used to derive run-off series when calibrated and when not. The results were compared to identify which approach resulted to better estimates. The optimal runoff model parameters observed were 12.7 for Umax, 136 for Lmax, 0.2 for CQOF, 1100 for CKIF, 61.65 for CK1, 2, 0.248 for TOF, 0.198 for TIF, 0.0495 for TG and 2825 for CKBF. These gave a water balance of about 0.98 and root mean square error of about 460 with R2 of 0.9 and 0.8 for calibration and validation, respectively. Calibrated GEOS-5 data performed reasonably well in runoff estimation for Nzoia basin. While non-calibrated satellite data was poor with an r-squared of 0.6 in relation to observed discharge, calibrated data performed way better with an r-squared of 0.96 for daily values. Satellite-derived runoff was found to overestimate the discharge especially the peak discharges. This study showed that satellite data such as NASA's GEOS-5 when adequately calibrated provide suitable estimates for discharges in basins that are sparsely gauged.
The Global Movement of the Transition from Linear Production to the Circular Economy Applied to the Sustainable Development of Cities
Authors: Silva Christian Luiz da , Franz Nádia Mara 
Published: August 2022

The process of the linear exploration production, production, usage and waste generation has been taking humanity to the planetary boundaries. The transition to circular economy models dissociates the economic growth from the natural resource depletion and from the environmental degradation. The opportunity to make changes and to find vital solutions to the planet's sustainability emerge in the cities, due to its relevance on population growth, production and consumption. The objective of this research is promoting the understanding of the transition from linear production to the circular economy applied to the sustainable development of cities. The methodology is based on the qualitative approach and the applied technique follows the stages of the bibliographic research. The objectives classify this research as an exploratory, descriptive study with explanatory slant. The bibliographic sources are mostly selected from 2015, when the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement were signed, until 2020. The search of the existing circular models provides, even in transition from the linear process, valuable contributions to the resource protection, promotion of the production and sustainable consumption, as well as the generation of new income opportunities, of market and of social integration.
The results of the analyzes of the selected studies indicate that the sustainable urban development can be enabled by the implementation of circular systems on a holistic and inclusive approach..
Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Organoselenium Compounds
Authors: Mamgain Ritu , Kostic Marina , Singh Fateh V. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The chemistry of organoselenium reagents provides an asset for
organic synthesis. The versatility of these reagents as electrophiles and nucleophiles
makes them one of the key components of organic synthesis. Various synthetic transformations
such as oxyselenenylations, selenocyclization and selenoxide elimination have
been successfully achieved using organoselenium reagents under mild reaction conditions.
The presence of selenocysteine in a few mammalian enzymes was the key information for
selenium chemists to explore the biochemistry of selenium compounds. Glutathione peroxidase
(GPx), a mammalian selenoenzyme, is well known for maintaining redox equilibrium
by detoxifying reactive oxygen species.

Objective:
The aim is to critically analyze the recent development and prospects of synthesis
and antioxidant properties of organoselenium compounds.

Method:
In this review, we summarised research and review papers from the PubMed
and Scopus databases. The primary themes were linked to the synthesis of organoselenium
compounds and their capacity to maintain cellular redox equilibrium when exposed to
oxidative stress.

Result:
The study reveals that diselenide compounds synthesised by various methods
showed a better antioxidant activity profile compared to selenides. In a few cases, the
activity was found better than the standard compound ebselen. Moreover, the synthesis
and antioxidant activity of Selenium-based nanoparticles have been also included.

Conclusion:
In the past two decades, various biological properties of organoselenium
compounds have been extensively studied, including the antioxidant properties. This review
article will give insight into the synthesis of different types of recently synthesised
organoselenium compounds. The review would be helpful to the researchers working in
the field of medicinal chemistry in directing the synthesis of new organoselenium compounds
as antioxidants.