bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affective organizational commitment, self‐concept, and work performance: A social comparison perspective
Authors: Tang Wei‐Gang , Vandenberghe Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing two studies and four samples, we introduce new forms of assimilative and contrastive affective organizational commitment (AOC) from a social comparison perspective and examine their distinctiveness from traditional AOC. We further explore the interplay among assimilative and contrastive AOCs and the self‐concept in predicting specific performance outcomes. Study 1 used two samples (Ns = 181 and 655) aimed at developing the measures of assimilative and contrastive AOC and found them to be distinct from traditional AC. Study 2 tested the idea that the self‐concept (collective vs. individual) would influence how strongly assimilative versus contrastive AOC would predict helping behavior versus task proficiency as performance outcomes. Using two samples (Sample 1 N = 192; Sample 2 N = 246) with multisource data from subordinates and supervisors, Study 2 found that controlling for traditional AOC, the relationship between assimilative AOC and employee helping behavior was stronger and positive at high levels of the collective self‐concept (Sample 1) and that the relationship between contrastive AOC and employee task proficiency was marginally stronger and positive at high levels of the individual self‐concept (Sample 2). Our findings bear implications for theory and practice and present openings for future research.
From national activation legislation to local practices in Norway—Why the same law gives diverse practices
Authors: Trætteberg Håkon Solbu , Grødem Anne Skevik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial policies are legislated nationally and implemented locally, and despite national attempts at vertical policy coordination, implementation varies. The aim of this article is to better understand variations in local implementation of national policies, emphasising, in particular, structural conditions. Our case is a legislative change in Norway that obliged municipalities to implement compulsory participation and conditionality for young recipients of social assistance. We conducted a comparative case study analysis in which, through 28 qualitative interviews, we compared six municipalities. We found that municipalities that have conceptualised compulsory participation as physical work and long hours in catch‐all programmes are also the municipalities that sanction through benefit cuts. The municipalities that were more reluctant to cut benefits were those with the least straining requirements in terms of content and scope. We discuss local variation in terms of local‐level path dependence, the size of the municipality and state supervision of municipalities.
Adoptive transfer of IL‐4 reprogrammed Tc17 cells elicits anti‐tumour immunity through functional plasticity
Authors: Liu Chiung‐Hui , Lin Bo‐Shiou , Wu Mei‐Yao , Song Ying‐Chyi , Ke Tao‐Wei , Chou Yu‐Lun , Liu Chuan‐Teng , Lin Chia‐Hsin , Radojcic Vedran , Drake Charles , Yen Hung‐Rong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbility of IL‐17‐producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17) to transform into cytotoxic anti‐tumour effectors makes them a promising candidate for immune effector cell (IEC) therapy. However, key factors regulating Tc17 reprogramming remain poorly defined, hindering translation of Tc17‐based IEC use from bench to bedside. We probed the effects of multiple cytokines and underlying signalling pathways on Tc17 cells and identified pivotal role for IL‐4 and PI3K/AKT in promoting Tc17 transformation into cytotoxic IFN‐γ‐producing IECs, an effect dependent on Eomes expression. IL‐4 not only triggered Tc17 cytotoxicity, but also induced cell expansion, which significantly improved the antitumour potential of Tc17 cells compared to that of IFN‐γ‐producing CD8+ T cells (Tc1) in a murine model. Furthermore, IL‐4/AKT signalling drove the upregulation of the T‐cell receptor‐associated transmembrane adaptor 1 (Trat1) in Tc17 cells to promote IL‐4‐induced T‐cell receptor stabilization and Tc17 cytotoxicity. Finally, we proposed a possible procedure to expand human Tc17 from peripheral blood of cancer patients, and confirmed the function of IL‐4 in Tc17 reprogramming. Collectively, these results document a novel IL‐4/AKT/Eomes/Trat1 axis that promotes expansion and transformation of Tc17 cells into cytotoxic effectors with a therapeutic potential. IL‐4 priming of Tc17 cells should be further explored as a cell therapy engineering strategy to generate IECs to augment anti‐tumour responses.
Unscheduled healthcare for children with intellectual disabilities: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Nicholson Emma , Conlon Ciara , Mimmo Laurel , Doherty Edel , Guerin Suzanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe provision of unscheduled healthcare for children with intellectual disability is less researched than that focused on hospital settings or for adult services. The aim of the scoping review was to map the evidence base in this area and identify areas for future study.MethodA five‐stage scoping review framework was adopted. CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Embase, ProQuest Dissertation & Theses and Google Scholar were searched. Studies published in English after 1/1/2000 were considered eligible for inclusion.ResultsA total of 3158 titles and abstracts were screened, 137 full‐text articles were reviewed, and 25 papers met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive themes focused on inequities, needs and experiences of families', poor GP training, and limitations of existing evidence.ConclusionDescribing trends in healthcare utilisation by this population is valuable for monitoring quality of healthcare, however, addressing observed inequities will require approaches that recognise specific issues within the health system that result in inequities.
Will the insulated‐tip radiofrequency catheter transform ablation procedures?
Authors: Kotake Yasuhito , Kanawati Juliana , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRadiofrequency (RF) ablation has been the most widely employed energy source for catheter ablation to date. However, most of conventional RF ablation energy dissipates into the bloodstream before reaching the target tissue. Technology that conveys RF energy exclusively toward target tissue may potentially improve the quality, safety, and outcome of the RF ablation procedures. RF ablation using a novel insulated‐tip catheter (Sirona Medical Technologies [SMT]) may refine RF ablation in the future to minimize the risk of iatrogenic complications. Although it is still unclear whether the results of the SMT catheter can be translated to a human beating heart, the data for SMT catheter of this study are very promising.
Volatile organic compounds released by wheat as a result of striped shieldbug feeding and insect behaviour
Authors: Sendel Sebastian , Bocianowski Jan , Buszewski Bogusław , Piesik Magdalena , Mayhew Chris A. , Piesik Dariusz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe most popular plant protection method is chemical; however, this is often connected with repeated treatments. Therefore, eco‐friendly strategies need to be investigated. A good alternative is to use the natural repellent properties of plants. The aims of this study were to determine how adult striped shieldbugs (Aelia acuminata L.) feeding on spring wheat plants affect the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to determine the reaction of these insects to synthetic blends of VOCs. Using GC/MS for VOC analysis, we find that Aelia acuminata L. (1 or 2 adult pairs) significantly induced VOC emissions from wheat plants. In comparison with controls, larger amounts of (Z)‐3‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, β‐pinene, β‐myrcene, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate, 1‐hexyl acetate, 4‐heptanone, (Z)‐ocimene, linalool, linalool oxide, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, indole, β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐β‐farnesene were released as a result of the biotic stress, with two pairs of insects causing a significantly stronger plant reaction. On the basis of the VOCs identified and their emitted concentrations for two pairs of feeding adult striped shieldbugs, two blends of VOCs were prepared in three concentrations: blend I—(Z)‐3‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate and 1‐hexyl acetate, and blend II—(Z)‐ocimene, linalool, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐β‐farnesene. Using an olfactometer (Y‐tube) to study insect behaviour, it was found that the male striped shieldbugs were not attracted to any of the blends at any concentration. Female shieldbugs were attracted to blend I at concentration 1. As for the remaining concentrations of both blends, females and males were repelled, with the higher the concentration the stronger the insect reaction.
Localization and functional characterization of the alternative oxidase in Naegleria
Authors: Cantoni Diego , Osborne Ashley , Taib Najwa , Thompson Gary , Martín‐Escolano Rubén , Kazana Eleanna , Edrich Elizabeth , Brown Ian R. , Gribaldo Simonetta , Gourlay Campbell W. , Tsaousis Anastasios D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe alternative oxidase (AOX) is a protein involved in supporting enzymatic reactions of the Krebs cycle in instances when the canonical (cytochrome‐mediated) respiratory chain has been inhibited, while allowing for the maintenance of cell growth and necessary metabolic processes for survival. Among eukaryotes, alternative oxidases have dispersed distribution and are found in plants, fungi, and protists, including Naegleria ssp. Naegleria species are free‐living unicellular amoeboflagellates and include the pathogenic species of N. fowleri, the so‐called “brain‐eating amoeba.” Using a multidisciplinary approach, we aimed to understand the evolution, localization, and function of AOX and the role that plays in Naegleria's biology. Our analyses suggest that AOX was present in last common ancestor of the genus and structure prediction showed that all functional residues are also present in Naegleria species. Using cellular and biochemical techniques, we also functionally characterize N. gruberi's AOX in its mitochondria, and we demonstrate that its inactivation affects its proliferation. Consequently, we discuss the benefits of the presence of this protein in Naegleria species, along with its potential pathogenicity role in N. fowleri. We predict that our findings will spearhead new explorations to understand the cell biology, metabolism, and evolution of Naegleria and other free‐living relatives.
Anaerobic ciliates as a model group for studying symbioses in oxygen‐depleted environments
Authors: Rotterová Johana , Edgcomb Virginia P. , Čepička Ivan , Beinart Roxanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnaerobiosis has independently evolved in multiple lineages of ciliates, allowing them to colonize a variety of anoxic and oxygen‐depleted habitats. Anaerobic ciliates commonly form symbiotic relationships with various prokaryotes, including methanogenic archaea and members of several bacterial groups. The hypothesized functions of these ecto‐ and endosymbionts include the symbiont utilizing the ciliate's fermentative end products to increase the host's anaerobic metabolic efficiency, or the symbiont directly providing the host with energy by denitrification or photosynthesis. The host, in turn, may protect the symbiont from competition, the environment, and predation. Despite rapid advances in sampling, molecular, and microscopy methods, as well as the associated broadening of the known diversity of anaerobic ciliates, many aspects of these ciliate symbioses, including host specificity and coevolution, remain largely unexplored. Nevertheless, with the number of comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses targeting anaerobic ciliates and their symbionts on the rise, insights into the nature of these symbioses and the evolution of the ciliate transition to obligate anaerobiosis continue to deepen. This review summarizes the current body of knowledge regarding the complex nature of symbioses in anaerobic ciliates, the diversity of these symbionts, their role in the evolution of ciliate anaerobiosis and their significance in ecosystem‐level processes.
Barriers and facilitators to family caregiver training during home health care: A multisite qualitative analysis
Authors: Burgdorf Julia G. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Chase Jo‐Ana , Arbaje Alicia I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring Medicare home health care (HHC), family caregiver assistance is often integral to implementing the care plan and avoiding readmission. Family caregiver training delivered by HHC clinicians (nurses and physical therapists [PTs]) helps ensure caregivers' ability to safely assist when HHC staff are not present. Yet, family caregiver training needs often go unmet during HHC, increasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. There is a critical knowledge gap regarding challenges HHC clinicians face in providing necessary family caregiver training.MethodsMultisite qualitative study using semi‐structured, in‐depth key informant interviews with Registered Nurses (n = 11) and PTs (n = 8) employed by four HHC agencies. Participating agencies were diverse in rurality, scale, ownership, and geographic region. Key informant interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using directed content analysis to identify existing facilitators and barriers to family caregiver training during HHC.ResultsClinicians had an average of 9.3 years (range = 1.5–23 years) experience in HHC, an average age of 45.1 years (range = 28–63 years), and 95% were female. Clinicians identified facilitators and barriers to providing family caregiver training at the individual, interpersonal, and structural levels. The most salient factors included clinician–caregiver communication and rapport, accuracy of hospital discharge information, and access to resources such as additional visits and social work consultation. Clinicians noted the COVID‐19 pandemic introduced additional challenges to providing family caregiver training, including caregivers' reduced access to hospital staff prior to discharge.ConclusionsHHC clinicians identified a range of barriers and facilitators to delivering family caregiver training during HHC; particularly highlighting the role of clinician–caregiver communication. To support caregiver training in this setting, there is a need for updated reimbursement structures supporting greater visit flexibility, improved discharge communication between hospital and HHC, and structured communication aids to facilitate caregiver engagement and assessment.
Feasibility of combined upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to evaluate gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Heilmann Romy M. , McIntosh Jenny , Acke Els , Reitemeier Susanne , Pfannkuche Helga , Erdmann Sabrina , Roedler Frauke S. , Einspanier Almuth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic gastroenteropathies, including gluten sensitivity and marmoset wasting syndrome, frequently occur in captive colonies of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Early identification and diagnosis of affected animals are desirable. Endoscopic examination of the colon in marmosets is described, but the small intestine can harbor significant mucosal lesions not representing those in the colon. Evaluating the small intestine currently requires invasive surgical biopsies due to the small patient size, carrying a risk of severe complications.MethodsEndoscopic intubation and multisite biopsy of the duodenum/proximal jejunum are demonstrated in 10 marmosets under general anesthesia.ResultsEsophagogastroduodenoscopy with colonoscopy efficiently aid in examining the gastrointestinal tract and obtaining an antemortem histologic diagnosis in marmosets with chronic gastrointestinal signs.ConclusionsThis minimally invasive technique is feasible in marmosets. Future investigations into the pathogenesis of chronic gastroenteropathies will benefit from these data, leading to improved animal welfare and better individual and colony health management.
The effect of protection of platelet‐rich plasma against experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat ovary on in vitro fertilization outcomes
Authors: Bostancı Mehmet Sühha , Budak Özcan , Çakiroğlu Hüseyin , Gök Koray , Köse Osman , Çokluk Erdem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveOvarian torsion is a common cause of local ischemic damage, reduced follicular activity and infertility. This study aimed to investigate how well platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) protects against experimental ischemic (I) and ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries and its effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.MethodFifty‐six adult female Sprague–Dawley albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups of eight animals each: Sham, Ischemia, I/R, Sham + PRP, I + PRP, and I/R + PRP. The remaining eight animals were used to prepare the PRP. The ischemia groups were subjected to bilateral adnexal torsion for 3 h, while the I/R and I/R + PRP groups received subsequent detorsion for 3 h. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) PRP was administered 30 min prior to ischemia (I + PRP) or reperfusion (I/R + PRP). The ovaries were stimulated through an intraperitoneal injection of 150–300 internal units of IU/kg PMSG. After ovulation induction, oocytes were taken from the ovaries, and IVF was performed.ResultsThe number of MII oocytes reached the highest number with 4.63 ± 0.74 in the S group and had the lowest number with 0.50 ± 0.53 in the I/R group. There were statistically significant differences for the number of embryos obtained on the second day between the I and I + PRP groups and the I/R and I/R + PRP groups (p = 0.000). In comparing anti‐Müllerian hormone 1 (AMH1) and AMH2 values within the group, the highest decrease was observed in the I and I/R groups.ConclusionPRP is effective in minimizing ovarian damage and preserving ovarian reserves following ovarian torsion.
Nutritional Assessment of Denture Wearers Using Matched Electronic Dental‐Health Record Data
Authors: Felix Gomez Grace Gomez , Cho Sopanis D. , Varghese Roshan , Rajendran Divya , Eckert George J. , Bhamidipalli Sruthi Surya , Gonzalez Theresa , Khan Babar Ali , Thyvalikakath Thankam Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the nutritional profile of denture wearers through a retrospective cohort study using nutritional biomarkers from matched electronic dental and health record (EDR‐EHR) data.Materials and methodsThe case group (denture wearers) included matched EDR‐EHR data of patients who received removable partial, complete, and implant‐supported prosthodontic treatments between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, study time. The control (nondenture wearers) group did not have recorded denture treatments and included patient records within 1 year of the denture index date (first date of case patients’ receiving complete or partial denture) of the matching cases. The qualified patients’ EDR were matched with their EHR based on the availability of laboratory reports within 2 years of receiving the dentures (index date). Nutritional biomarkers were selected from laboratory reports for complete blood count, comprehensive and basic metabolic profile, lipid, and thyroid panels. Summary statistics were performed, and general linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate the rate of change over time (slope) of nutritional biomarkers before and after the index date. Likelihood ratio tests were performed to determine the differences between dentures and controls.ResultsThe final cohort included 10,481 matched EDR‐EHR data with 3,519 denture wearers and 6,962 controls that contained laboratory results within the study time. The denture wearers’ mean age was 57 ±10 years and the control group was 56 ±10 years with 55% females in both groups. Pre‐post analysis among denture wearers revealed decreased serum albumin (p = 0.002), calcium (p = 0.039), creatinine (p < 0.001) during the post‐index time. Hemoglobin (Hb) was higher pre‐index, and was decreasing during the time period but did not change post‐index (p < 0.001). Among denture wearers, completely edentulous patients had a significant decrease in serum albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), but increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In partially edentulous patients, total cholesterol decreased (p = 0.018) and TSH (p = 0.004), BUN (p < 0.001) increased post‐index. Patients edentulous in either upper or lower arch had decreased BUN and eGFR during post‐index. Compared to controls, denture wearers showed decreased serum albumin and protein (p = 0.008), serum calcium (p = 0.001), and controls showed increased Hb (p = 0.035) during post‐index.ConclusionsThe study results indicate nutritional biomarker variations among denture wearers suggesting a risk for undernutrition and the potential of using selected nutritional biomarkers to monitor nutritional profile.
Violence and aggression prevention and management strategies in renal units: a survey after 10 years
Authors: de Barbieri Ilaria , Buja Alessandra , Noble Helen , Strini Veronica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNursing is considered the healthcare profession at most risk of violence. Violence in the workplace is a complex construct difficult to manage and against health workers has implications for the entire health system. A limited number of studies have evaluated this phenomenon in renal units, and there has been little related work since Zampieron's study of 2010.ObjectivesTo describe prevention and management strategies 10 years after the last survey of Zampieron and to identify what has changed in the management of violence.DesignAn observational, cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsA convenience sample including all nurses participating in the European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association Conference of 2019, who understand the English language and have a smartphone or tablet.MeasurementsA questionnaire developed by Zampieron was used. The first part collected data concerning the characteristics of the participants' workplace; the second part included closed questions focused on the strategies of management and prevention of violence.ResultsViolence is still a frequent event in renal units, despite measures adopted as education, training, formal incident reporting procedures and indoor safety measures. Much more has been invested in recent years in the prevention of violence in the workplace through specific courses, which have led to greater complaints and reporting of episodes.ConclusionsThis study shows how actions regarding prevention and management of violence towards nurses have been implemented in renal units over the last 10 years and it suggests the greatest investment in recent years has been made in terms of staff training and education.