bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materials Informatics Approach Using Domain Modelling For Exploring Structure-Property Relationships Of Polymers
Authors: Hara Koki , Yamada Shunji , Kurotani Atsushi , Chikayama Eisuke , Kikuchi Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the development of polymer materials, it is an important issue to explore the complex relationships between domain structure and physical properties. In the domain structure analysis of polymer materials, 1H-static solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectra can provide information on mobile, rigid, and intermediate domains. But estimation of domain structure from its analysis is difficult due to the wide overlap of spectra from multiple domains. Therefore, we have developed a materials informatics approach that combines the domain modeling (http://dmar.riken.jp/matrigica/) and the integrated analysis of meta-information (the elements, functional groups, additives, and physical properties) in polymer materials. Firstly, the 1H-static ssNMR data of 120 polymer materials were subjected to a short-time Fourier transform to obtain frequency, intensity, and T2 relaxation time for domains with different mobility. The average T2 relaxation time of each domain is 0.96 ms for Mobile, 0.55 ms for Intermediate (Mobile), 0.32 ms for Intermediate (Rigid), and 0.11 ms for Rigid. Secondly, the estimated domain proportions were integrated with meta-information such as elements, functional group and thermophysical properties and was analyzed using a self-organization map and market basket analysis. This proposed method can contribute to explore structure-property relationships of polymer materials with multiple domains.
Synergistic Interactions of Repurposed Drugs that Inhibit Nsp1, a Major Virulence Factor for COVID-19
Authors: Kao Hung-Teh , Orry Andrew , Palfreyman Michael , Porton Barbara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nsp1 is the first protein expressed from the SARS-CoV-2 genome and is a major virulence factor for COVID -19. A rapid multiplexed assay for detecting the action of Nsp1 was developed in cultured lung cells. The assay is based on the acute cytopathic effects induced by Nsp1. Virtual screening was used to stratify compounds that interact with two functional Nsp1 sites: the RNA-binding groove and C-terminal helix-loop-helix region. Experimental screening focused on compounds that could be readily repurposed to treat COVID-19. Multiple synergistic combinations of compounds that significantly inhibited Nsp1 action were identified. Among the most promising combinations are Ponatinib, Rilpivirine, and Montelukast, which together, reversed the toxic effects of Nsp1 to the same extent as null mutations in the Nsp1 gene.
Whey protein improves glycemia during an oral glucose tolerance test compared to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise in young adult men
Authors: Gordon Ryan A , Zumbro Emily L , Castleberry Todd J , Sokoloski Matthew L , Brisebois Matthew F , Irvine Christopher J , Duplanty Anthony A , Ben-Ezra Vic 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Both aerobic exercise and whey protein can improve glucose regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a single bout of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise and whey protein, independently, as well as when combined, influence glycemia during an oral glucose tolerance test in sedentary, young men.Methods: Healthy males (n = 11) completed four randomized trials: no exercise/no whey protein (R); exercise (EX; walking at 70% VO2max for 60 min); 50 g of whey protein (W); and exercise combined with 50 g of whey protein (EXW). Each trial included a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) that was completed after an overnight fast, and blood samples were collected over a two-hour period during the OGTT. For EX and EXW, the exercise bout was performed the evening before the OGTT. Additionally, for W and EXW, the 50 g of whey protein was consumed as a preload 30 minutes prior to the OGTT. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and postprandial incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated for each. Results: Glucose iAUC was reduced during W (-32.9 ± 22.3 mmol/L) compared to R (122.7 ± 29.8 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and EX (154.3 ± 29.2 mmol/L; p < 0.01). Similarly, glucose iAUC was reduced for EXW (17.4 ± 28.9 mmol/L) compared to R and EX (p < 0.01 for both). There were no differences in iAUC for insulin, C-peptide, GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon between the four trials. Insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 were elevated during the whey protein preload period for W and EXW compared to EX and R (p < 0.01). There were no differences for insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GIP, or GLP-1 between trials for the remaining duration of the OGTT.Conclusions: Glucose responses during an oral glucose tolerance test were improved for W compared to EX. There were no additional improvements in glucose responses when vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise was combined with whey protein (EXW).
Protective effects of isofraxidin against scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory impairments in mice involve modulation of the BDNF-CREB-ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Lian Bingliang , Gu Jingwen , Zhang Chen , Zou Zhicong , Yu Meng , Li Fanghong , Wu Xiaoli , Zhao Allan Zijian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Isofraxidin is a coumarin compound mainly isolated from several traditional and functional edible plants beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases, including Sarcandra glabra and Apium graveolens, and Siberian Ginseng. Objective: This study aimed to assess effects of isofraxidin against memory impairments and cognition deficits in a scopolamine-induced mouse model.Materials & methods: Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups, control, vehicle, donepezil (10 mg/kg, p.o.), and isofraxidin (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o.). Isofraxidin or donepezil was administered for 44 days, once per day. The scopolamine insults (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was given from the 21st day, once per day. Morris water maze test and Y-maze test were used for the behavioral test. After that, brain samples were collected for analysis. Results: Firstly, isofraxidin significantly improved scopolamine-induced behavioral impairments and cognition deficits in Morris water maze and Y-maze test. Then, isofraxidin facilitated cholinergic activity via inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Besides, isofraxidin decreased lipid peroxidation level but enhanced levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, isofraxidin suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Further investigations showed that isofraxidin up-regulated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and promoted phosphorylation of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).Discussion & Conclusion: These results suggested that isofraxidin ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory impairments, possibly through regulating AChE activity, suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and modulating BDNF-CREB-ERK pathways.
Perfectionism as a Predictor of Physician Burnout
Authors: Martin Sarah , Fortier Michelle , Heyming Theodore , Ahn Kyle , Nichols Whitney , Golden Charles , Saadat Haleh , Kain Zeev 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Burnout is common among physicians and has detrimental effects on patient care and physician health. Recent editorials call attention to maladaptive perfectionism in medicine and the potential role of perfectionism in physician burnout; however, no studies to date have examined the effect of perfectionism on burnout in physicians practicing in the United States. This study examined the unique effects of demographics, perfectionism and personality traits on burnout among physicians. This was a cross-sectional study and included 69 attending physicians. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment burnout were assessed via the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Validated instruments were used to measure personality and perfectionism. Data were analyzed using linear regression models. Across physicians assessed, 42% reported either high emotional exhaustion burnout or depersonalization burnout. High self-critical perfectionism uniquely predicted both high emotional exhaustion burnout (B = 0.55, 95%CI 0.25–0.85) and depersonalization burnout (B = 0.18, 95%CI 0.05–0.31). Low conscientiousness (B = -6.12; 95%CI, -10.95- -1.28) predicted higher emotional exhaustion burnout and low agreeableness (B = -3.20, 95%CI -5.93- -0.46) predicted higher depersonalization burnout. Perfectionism is understudied among physicians and the current findings suggest that addressing system and individual-level factors that encourage maladaptive perfectionism is warranted and may reduce risk for physician burnout.
Contrasting Seasons and Land Uses Alter Riverine Dissolved Organic Matter Composition
Authors: Shousha Stéphanie , Maranger Roxane , Lapierre Jean-François 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Different sources and fates control riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in catchments of contrasting land use, and climate. However, assessing the changes in DOM composition together with nutrient forms along rivers exposed to these gradients remains rare. Here we quantified the spatial and temporal patterns in DOM components and nutrient forms along the mainstem of a 5th order river through sequential forested, urban, and agricultural reaches during low flow moments in summer and winter, and two contrasting springs, one with a historically rare flooding event. There were widespread abrupt shifts in the composition of DOM in low flow seasons that coincided with changes in land use whose sources could be inferred by endmember samples and nutrient changes. Compared to summer, DOM pools considered bio- (microbial-like) and photo-labile (Peak C) tended to dominate during the winter, along with reactive nutrient forms (ammonium, dissolved phosphorus). This implied higher processing potentials during summer, where microbial-humic-like DOM and nitrate dominated, and accumulation of reactive forms during winter. DOM composition remained relatively stable under typical flow conditions with reduced retention time and processing, but major shifts were observed during an extreme flood year, pointing to unusual loadings of highly labile sources of DOM. Overall we found that, despite relatively small changes in the quantity of DOM flowing in this north temperate river, there were major spatial and temporal shifts in its composition and associated nutrients that reflected contrasting loading and processing potentials depending on land use and seasonal patterns in temperature and hydrology.
ADT-based Adaptive Back-stepping Control for the Switched Non-affine Nonlinear System with uncertain parameters
Authors: Liang Xiaohui , Xu Bin , Gong Ligang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The adaptive back-stepping cotrol issue for the Switched Non-affine Nonlinear System with uncertain parameters is adressed in this paper. The integral item is first employed in the original switched nonlinear system to generate a augmented switched non-affine nonlinear system. Then, the non-affine structures in the system dynamics are adopted to devise the virtual controls directly, and the dynamic surface control (DSC) is integrated to eliminate the “explosion of complexity” caused by the back-stepping design. Furthermore, the estimation of switched unknown parameter is achieved by the continuous variable, and the individual Lyapunov functions including the estimation errors are constructed for each subsystem. Combined with the multiple Lyapunov functions methods, the uniformly ultimately bounded of the closed-loop switched system could be ensured under any switching law, which satisfies the average dwell time (ADT) condition. Furthermore, system tracking errors would converge to the neighborhood of the zero. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the validity of proposed control approaches.
CD69-OxLDL Ligand Engagement Induces Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) Expression in T Lymphocytes
Authors: Jimenez-Fernandez Maria , Rodriguez-Sinovas Cristina , Canes Laia , Ballester-Servera Carme , Vara Alicia , Requena Silvia , Fuente Hortensia de la , Martinez-Gonzalez Jose , Sanchez-Madrid Francisco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms that control the inflammatory-immune response play a key role in tissue remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. T cell activation receptor CD69 binds oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), inducing the expression of anti-inflammatory NR4A nuclear receptors and modulating inflammation in atherosclerosis. To understand the downstream T cell responses triggered by the CD69-oxLDL binding, we incubated CD69-expressing Jurkat T cells with oxLDL. RNA sequencing revealed a differential gene expression profile dependent on the presence of CD69 and the degree of LDL oxidation. CD69-oxLDL binding induced the expression of NR4A receptors (NR4A1 and NR4A3), but also PD-1. These results were confirmed using oxLDL and an agonistic monoclonal antibody against CD69. CD69-mediated induction of PD-1 and NR4A3 was dependent on NFAT. Silencing NR4A3 slightly increased PD-1 levels, suggesting a potential regulation of PD1 by this receptor. Moreover, expression of PD-1, CD69 and NR4A3 were increased in human arteries with chronic inflammation compared to healthy controls, with a strong correlation between PD-1 and CD69 mRNA expression (r = 0.655 P < 0.0001). Our results underscore a novel mechanism of induction of PD-1, independent of TCR, signaling that might contribute to the role of CD69 in the modulation of inflammation and vascular remodeling in cardiovascular diseases.
Frequency-Dependent Changes of Spontaneous Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Xu Feijia , Lin Ping , Su Xiaolian , Peng Qing , Tang Guangyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among older adults. AMD affects the patient's ability to read, write and recognize faces. Prior neuroimaging studies revealed abnormal functional connectivity within visual network and default mode network (DMN). 25 diagnosed AMD patients and 25 age, sex matched healthy controls were recruited into our study for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. Three different low frequency fluctuations metrics including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) were introduced to detect and analyze spontaneous brain activity between AMD and HCs. For each metrics, traditional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz), slow-4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz) and slow-5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz) were examined respectively. Compared to HCs group, our result revealed that significant difference in ALFF, fALFF and PerAF showed in several brain regions including orbital frontal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, amygdala, precuneus, angular gyrus, median cingulate gyrus and rectus gyrus in AMD group at traditional frequency band. Moreover, findings of the present study demonstrated that abnormal spontaneous brain activity of fALFF in AMD is frequency-dependent, and may provide a new perspective to explain the pathological mechanism of AMD.
Distinct Lymph Node Metastasis Patterns Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Chao , Liu Zheng , Xu Yuyang , Liu Lunxu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The lymph node metastasis pattern of non-small-cell lung cancer remains controversial. Here, we hypothesize that there are distinct lymph node metastasis patterns between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: Patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma from 2004 to 2013 were identified in the SEER database. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the risk of pathology type on N1/N2 lymph node metastases. Variables with significant p values (p < 0.05) in the regression analysis were selected to construct a nomogram. Data from West China hospital cohort was used for validation.Results: A total of 14,673 patients were enrolled in this study, including 10,143 patients with lung adenocarcinomas and 4,530 patients with lung squamous cell carcinomas. In the lung adenocarcinoma cases, there were 7,798 (76.9%) N0 cases, 1,222 (12.0%) N1 cases and 1,123 (11.1%) N2 cases. In the lung squamous cell carcinoma cases, there were 3,359 (74.2%) N0 cases, 753 (16.6%) N1 cases and 418 (9.2%) N2 cases (p < 0.001). Lung squamous cell carcinoma patients were more likely to have N1 lymph node metastasis (OR: 1.143, 95%CI: 1.028-1.270, p = 0.014), while lung adenocarcinoma patients were more likely to have N2 lymph node metastasis (OR: 1.460, 95%CI: 1.289-1.653, p < 0.001)Conclusions: This population-based study revealed that lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma have distinct lymph node metastasis patterns. Nomograms for visually predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis would have the potentials to guide physicians in clinical decision making.
Changes in nanomechanical properties of single neuroblastoma cells as a model for oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)
Authors: Zieliński Tomasz , Pabijan Joanna , Zapotoczny Bartłomiej , Zemła Joanna , Wesołowska Julita , Pera Joanna , Lekka Małgorzata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The biological processes underlying ischemic stroke, although complex, are better known than those related to biomechanical alterations of single cells. Mechanisms of biomechanical changes and their relations to the molecular processes are crucial for understanding the function and dysfunction of the brain. In our study, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify the alterations in biomechanical properties in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (RO). Obtained results reveal several characteristics. Cell viability remained at the same level, regardless of the OGD and RO conditions, but, in parallel, the metabolic activity of cells decreased with OGD duration. 24h RO did not recover the metabolic activity fully. Cells subjected to OGD appeared softer than control cells. Cell softening was strongly present in cells after 1h of OGD and, with longer OGD duration and in RO conditions, cells recovered their mechanical properties. Changes in the nanomechanical properties of cells were attributed to the remodelling of actin filaments, which was related to cofilin-based regulation and impaired metabolic activity of cells. The presented study shows the importance of nanomechanics in research on ischemic-related pathological processes such as stroke.
Pigmentary lesions in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Midori Ideyama , Muraoka Yuki , Kawai Kentaro , Ishikura Masaharu , Kadomoto Shin , Nishigori Naomi , Kameda Takanori , Ishihara Kenji , Miyata Manabu , Miyake Masahiro , Murakami Tomoaki , Ooto Sotaro , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We included 97 patients with unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with posterior vitreous detachment who underwent vitrectomy, and examined pigmentary lesion (PL) characteristics around the sites of original tears using pre- and postoperative ultra-widefield scanning light ophthalmoscopy, green light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, and intraoperative digital video. If PL did not involve RRD, we used OCT to preoperatively assess any pathologic changes to the lesion. A total of 116 retinal tears (mean count, 1.2 ± 0.5; range, 1–4 per eye) were observed in the detached retina. Overall, 102 (88%), 63 (54%), 14 (12%), and 25 (22%) tears were accompanied by lattice degeneration (LD) or PL, both LD and PL, only LD, and only PL, respectively. In green FAF images, LD showed normal to mild-hyper fluorescence, whereas all PL showed hypofluorescence. On OCT, PL were located at the RPE level, while choroid abnormalities were unclear. In the retinal areas of 22 eyes, which were not affected by RRD, we observed PL without retinal tears; some were accompanied by vitreous traction and tractional retinal detachment. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative assessments of original flap tears suggested that PL might be a risk factor for RRD, developing alongside or separately from LD.
Force sensorless fixed-time model-free impedance coordination control for uncertain underwater teleoperation systems
Authors: Yang Yana , Chen Yihang , Gan Lu , Hua Changchun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
New robust fixed-time model-free impedance controllers are proposed in this paper for coordination control of underwater teleoperation systems with system model uncertainties and unknown external underwater interference. Firstly, the transparency and the flexibility of the master-slave manipulators are improved without force sensor, respectively. A new terminal sliding mode force observer is designed to estimate force in fixed time by designing observer parameters. Moreover, time delay estimators are designed to compensate for the effect of model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances. Furthermore, a novel nonsingular integral terminal sliding mode (NITSM) surface and fixed-time controllers are proposed, so that master-slave coordination control can be obtained in fixed time with zero errors. The coordination performance and global stability of the underwater teleoperation systems are proved with the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation results highlight the feasibility of the proposed control scheme. The results show the super performance of the position and force coordination control for the underwater teleoperation systems.
WNK1/HSN2 Regulates Neural Development via GSK3β
Authors: Shimizu Masahiro , Shibuya Hiroshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With no lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) phosphorylates and activates STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) to regulate ion homeostasis in the kidney. Mutations in WNK1 result in dysregulation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 pathway and cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a form of hypertension. WNK1 is also involved in the autosomal dominant neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II (HSANII). Mutations in a neural-specific splice variant of WNK1 (HSN2) cause HSANII. However, the mechanisms underlying HSN2 regulation in neurons and effects of HSN2 mutants remain unclear. Here, we found that HSN2 regulated neural development through OSR1 activation and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Moreover, HSN2-OSR1 and HSN2-GSK3β signalling induced expression of LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8), which is a key regulator of cholinergic neural function. The HSN2-OSR1/GSK3β-LHX8 pathway is therefore important for neural development. Consistently, HSN2 mutants reported in HSANII patients suppressed SPAK and OSR1 activation and LHX8 induction. Interestingly, HSN2 mutants also suppressed neural development by preventing interaction of between wild-type HSN2 and GSK3β. These results indicate that HSN2 mutants cause dysregulation of neural development via GSK3β in the HSN2 and/or WNK1 pathways.