bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room-temperature valley transistors for low-power neuromorphic computing
Authors: Chen Jiewei , Zhou Yue , Yan Jianmin , Liu Jidong , Xu Lin , Wang Jingli , Wan Tianqing , He Yuhui , Zhang Wenjing , Chai Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractValley pseudospin is an electronic degree of freedom that promises highly efficient information processing applications. However, valley-polarized excitons usually have short pico-second lifetimes, which limits the room-temperature applicability of valleytronic devices. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature valley transistors that operate by generating free carrier valley polarization with a long lifetime. This is achieved by electrostatic manipulation of the non-trivial band topology of the Weyl semiconductor tellurium (Te). We observe valley-polarized diffusion lengths of more than 7 μm and fabricate valley transistors with an ON/OFF ratio of 105 at room temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate an ion insertion/extraction device structure that enables 32 non-volatile memory states with high linearity and symmetry in the Te valley transistor. With ultralow power consumption (~fW valley contribution), we enable the inferring process of artificial neural networks, exhibiting potential for applications in low-power neuromorphic computing.
Multi-omics identify falling LRRC15 as a COVID-19 severity marker and persistent pro-thrombotic signals in convalescence
Authors: Gisby Jack S. , Buang Norzawani B. , Papadaki Artemis , Clarke Candice L. , Malik Talat H. , Medjeral-Thomas Nicholas , Pinheiro Damiola , Mortimer Paige M. , Lewis Shanice , Sandhu Eleanor , McAdoo Stephen P. , Prendecki Maria F. , Willicombe Michelle , Pickering Matthew C. , Botto Marina , Thomas David C. , Peters James E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at high risk of severe COVID-19. Here, we perform longitudinal blood sampling of ESKD haemodialysis patients with COVID-19, collecting samples pre-infection, serially during infection, and after clinical recovery. Using plasma proteomics, and RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry of immune cells, we identify transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of COVID-19 severity, and find distinct temporal molecular profiles in patients with severe disease. Supervised learning reveals that the plasma proteome is a superior indicator of clinical severity than the PBMC transcriptome. We show that a decreasing trajectory of plasma LRRC15, a proposed co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is associated with a more severe clinical course. We observe that two months after the acute infection, patients still display dysregulated gene expression related to vascular, platelet and coagulation pathways, including PF4 (platelet factor 4), which may explain the prolonged thrombotic risk following COVID-19.
A genetic disorder reveals a hematopoietic stem cell regulatory network co-opted in leukemia
Authors: Voit Richard A. , Tao Liming , Yu Fulong , Cato Liam D. , Cohen Blake , Fleming Travis J. , Antoszewski Mateusz , Liao Xiaotian , Fiorini Claudia , Nandakumar Satish K. , Wahlster Lara , Teichert Kristian , Regev Aviv , Sankaran Vijay G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe molecular regulation of human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance is therapeutically important, but limitations in experimental systems and interspecies variation have constrained our knowledge of this process. Here, we have studied a rare genetic disorder due to MECOM haploinsufficiency, characterized by an early-onset absence of HSCs in vivo. By generating a faithful model of this disorder in primary human HSCs and coupling functional studies with integrative single-cell genomic analyses, we uncover a key transcriptional network involving hundreds of genes that is required for HSC maintenance. Through our analyses, we nominate cooperating transcriptional regulators and identify how MECOM prevents the CTCF-dependent genome reorganization that occurs as HSCs differentiate. We show that this transcriptional network is co-opted in high-risk leukemias, thereby enabling these cancers to acquire stem cell properties. Collectively, we illuminate a regulatory network necessary for HSC self-renewal through the study of a rare experiment of nature.
Dapagliflozin in heart failure with improved ejection fraction: a prespecified analysis of the DELIVER trial
Authors: Vardeny Orly , Fang James C. , Desai Akshay S. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Claggett Brian , Vaduganathan Muthiah , de Boer Rudolf A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Martinez Felipe A. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , DeMets David , O’Meara Eileen , Zieroth Shelley , Comin-Colet Josep , Drozdz Jaroslaw , Chiang Chern-En , Kitakaze Masafumi , Petersson Magnus , Lindholm Daniel , Langkilde Anna Maria , McMurray John J. V. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith modern treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF), indicative of impaired cardiac systolic function, patients may exhibit an increase in EF. Limited data are available regarding the clinical management of this growing population, categorized as heart failure with improved EF (HFimpEF), which has a high event rate and has been excluded from virtually all prior heart failure outcomes trials. In a prespecified analysis of the DELIVER trial (NCT03619213), of a total of 6,263 participants with symptomatic heart failure and a left ventricular EF >40%, 1,151 (18%) had HFimpEF, defined as patients whose EF improved from ≤40% to >40%. Participants were randomized to 10 mg dapagliflozin or placebo daily and the primary outcome of the trial was a composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure (heart failure hospitalization or an urgent heart failure visit). Participants with HFimpEF had similar event rates to those with an EF consistently >40%. In participants with HFimpEF, dapagliflozin reduced the primary composite outcome (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56–0.97), first worsening heart failure events (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.61–1.14), cardiovascular death (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41–0.96) and total worsening heart failure events (rate ratio = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50–0.94) to a similar extent as for individuals with an EF consistently >40%. These data suggest that patients with HFimpEF who are symptomatic may benefit from the addition of a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor to previously instituted guideline-directed medical therapy to further reduce morbidity and mortality.
The China plant trait database version 2
Authors: Wang Han , Harrison Sandy P. , Li Meng , Prentice I. Colin , Qiao Shengchao , Wang Runxi , Xu Huiying , Mengoli Giulia , Peng Yunke , Yang Yanzheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant functional traits represent adaptive strategies to the environment, linked to biophysical and biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning. Compilations of trait data facilitate research in multiple fields from plant ecology through to land-surface modelling. Here we present version 2 of the China Plant Trait Database, which contains information on morphometric, physical, chemical, photosynthetic and hydraulic traits from 1529 unique species in 140 sites spanning a diversity of vegetation types. Version 2 has five improvements compared to the previous version: (1) new data from a 4-km elevation transect on the edge of Tibetan Plateau, including alpine vegetation types not sampled previously; (2) inclusion of traits related to hydraulic processes, including specific sapwood conductance, the area ratio of sapwood to leaf, wood density and turgor loss point; (3) inclusion of information on soil properties to complement the existing data on climate and vegetation (4) assessments and flagging the reliability of individual trait measurements; and (5) inclusion of standardized templates for systematical field sampling and measurements.
Texture recognition based on multi-sensory integration of proprioceptive and tactile signals
Authors: Rostamian Behnam , Koolani MohammadReza , Abdollahzade Pouya , Lankarany Milad , Falotico Egidio , Amiri Mahmood , V. Thakor Nitish 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe sense of touch plays a fundamental role in enabling us to interact with our surrounding environment. Indeed, the presence of tactile feedback in prostheses greatly assists amputees in doing daily tasks. In this line, the present study proposes an integration of artificial tactile and proprioception receptors for texture discrimination under varying scanning speeds. Here, we fabricated a soft biomimetic fingertip including an 8 × 8 array tactile sensor and a piezoelectric sensor to mimic Merkel, Meissner, and Pacinian mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin, respectively. A hydro-elastomer sensor was fabricated as an artificial proprioception sensor (muscle spindles) to assess the instantaneous speed of the biomimetic fingertip. In this study, we investigated the concept of the complex receptive field of RA-I and SA-I afferents for naturalistic textures. Next, to evaluate the synergy between the mechanoreceptors and muscle spindle afferents, ten naturalistic textures were manipulated by a soft biomimetic fingertip at six different speeds. The sensors’ outputs were converted into neuromorphic spike trains to mimic the firing pattern of biological mechanoreceptors. These spike responses are then analyzed using machine learning classifiers and neural coding paradigms to explore the multi-sensory integration in real experiments. This synergy between muscle spindle and mechanoreceptors in the proposed neuromorphic system represents a generalized texture discrimination scheme and interestingly irrespective of the scanning speed.
Using microartifacts to infer Middle Pleistocene lifeways at Schöningen, Germany
Authors: Venditti Flavia , Rodríguez-Álvarez Bárbara , Serangeli Jordi , Cesaro Stella Nunziante , Walter Rudolf , Conard Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile archeologists usually favor the study of large and diagnostic lithic artifacts, this study illustrates the invaluable contribution of lithic microartifacts for interpreting hominin lifeways. Across a 64 m2area of the Middle Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen 13 II-3 in Northern Germany, we recovered a total of 57 small and micro flint artifacts, four small debris pieces, three natural fragments and three bone retouchers in close association with the skeleton of an extinct Eurasian straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus). This area lacks the type of formal knapped stone tools that would normally constitute the focus of archeological interpretations. By adopting a holistic approach, including morpho-technical analysis, experimental archeology, and use-wear and residue analyses, we demonstrate that these small and microartifacts are resharpening flakes that tell the story of the site. Fifteen resharpening flakes preserve microwear traces of processing wood. Microscopic residues of wood adhered to the former working edges of the tools corroborate this observation. Additionally, hominins used a sharp-edged, natural fragment of flint to process fresh animal tissue, which likely originates from the butchery of the elephant. These results provide unique, 300,000-year-old evidence for the functionally interconnected use of lithic, osseous and wood technologies. Furthermore, we documentin-situtransformations of stone tools and the presence of both curational and expedient behaviors, thereby demonstrating the temporal depth of hominin activities at the lakeshore where the elephant died, and in the broader landscape as a whole.
Effect of teriparatide on drug treatment of tuberculous spondylitis: an experimental study
Authors: Lee Subum , Seo Ye-Jin , Choi Je-Yong , Che Xiangguo , Kim Hyun-Ju , Eum Seok-Yong , Hong Min-Sun , Lee Sun-Kyoung , Cho Dae-Chul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTuberculous spondylitis often develops catastrophic bone destruction with uncontrolled inflammation. Because anti-tuberculous drugs do not have a role in bone formation, a combination drug therapy with a bone anabolic agent could help in fracture prevention and promote bone reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the influence of teriparatide on the effect of anti-tuberculous drugs in tuberculous spondylitis treatment. We used the virulentMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) H37Rv strain. First, we investigated the interaction between teriparatide and anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid and rifampin) by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H37Rv. Second, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs and teriparatide on our previously developed in vitro tuberculous spondylitis model of an Mtb-infected MG-63 osteoblastic cell line using acid-fast bacilli staining and colony-forming unit counts. Selected chemokines (interleukin [IL]-8, interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa [IP-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]-1, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted [RANTES]) and osteoblast proliferation (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and alizarin red S [ARS] staining) were measured. Teriparatide did not affect the MIC of isoniazid and rifampin. In the Mtb-infected MG-63 spondylitis model, isoniazid and rifampin treatment significantly reduced Mtb growth, and cotreatment with teriparatide did not change the anti-tuberculosis effect of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RFP). IP-10 and RANTES levels were significantly increased by Mtb infection, whereas teriparatide did not affect all chemokine levels as inflammatory markers. ALP and ARS staining indicated that teriparatide promoted osteoblastic function even with Mtb infection. Cotreatment with teriparatide and the anti-tuberculosis drugs activated bone formation (ALP-positive area increased by 705%,P = 0.0031). Teriparatide was effective against Mtb-infected MG63 cells without the anti-tuberculosis drugs (ARS-positive area increased by 326%,P = 0.0037). Teriparatide had no effect on the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis drugs and no adverse effect on the activity of Mtb infection in osteoblasts. Furthermore, regulation of representative osteoblastic inflammatory chemokines was not changed by teriparatide treatment. In the in vitro Mtb-infected MG-63 cell model of tuberculous spondylitis, cotreatment with the anti-tuberculosis drugs and teriparatide increased osteoblastic function.
A prospective dual-centre intra-individual controlled study for the treatment of burns comparing dermis graft with split-thickness skin auto-graft
Authors: Dogan Sinan , Elmasry Moustafa , El-Serafi Ahmed , Sjöberg Folke , Vuola Jyrki , Kankuri Esko , Grigoriadi Marina Perdiki , Valtonen Jussi , Abdelrahman Islam , Steinvall Ingrid , Karlsson Matilda , Olofsson Pia , Lindford Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo investigate if donor and recipient site morbidity (healing time and cosmesis) could be reduced by a novel, modified split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) technique using a dermal component in the STSG procedure (DG). The STSG technique has been used for 150 years in surgery with limited improvements. Its drawbacks are well known and relate to donor site morbidity and recipient site cosmetic shortcomings (especially mesh patterns, wound contracture, and scarring). The Dermal graft technique (DG) has emerged as an interesting alternative, which reduces donor site morbidity, increases graft yield, and has the potential to avoid the mesh procedure in the STSG procedure due to its elastic properties. A prospective, dual-centre, intra-individual controlled comparison study. Twenty-one patients received both an unmeshed dermis graft and a regular 1:1.5 meshed STSG. Aesthetic and scar assessments were done using The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and a Cutometer Dual MPA 580 on both donor and recipient sites. These were also examined histologically for remodelling and scar formation. Dermal graft donor sites and the STSG donor sites healed in 8 and 14 days, respectively (p < 0.005). Patient-reported POSAS showed better values for colour for all three measurements, i.e., 3, 6, and 12 months, and the observers rated both vascularity and pigmentation better on these occasions (p < 0.01). At the recipient site, (n = 21) the mesh patterns were avoided as the DG covered the donor site due to its elastic properties and rendered the meshing procedure unnecessary. Scar formation was seen at the dermal donor and recipient sites after 6 months as in the standard scar healing process. The dermis graft technique, besides potentially rendering a larger graft yield, reduced donor site morbidity, as it healed faster than the standard STSG. Due to its elastic properties, the DG procedure eliminated the meshing requirement (when compared to a 1:1.5 meshed STSG). This promising outcome presented for the DG technique needs to be further explored, especially regarding the elasticity of the dermal graft and its ability to reduce mesh patterns.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT05189743) 12/01/2022.
The underlying neural bases of the reversal error while solving algebraic word problems
Authors: Ventura-Campos Noelia , Ferrando-Esteve Lara , Epifanio Irene 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProblem solving is a core element in mathematical learning. The reversal error in problem solving occurs when students are able to recognize the information in the statement of comparison word problems, but they reverse the relationship between two variables when building the equations. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired to identify for the first time the neural bases associated with the reversal error. The neuronal bases linked to this error have been used as inputs in 13 classifiers to discriminate between reversal error and non-reversal error groups. We found brain activation in bilateral fronto-parietal areas in the participants who committed reversal errors, and only left fronto-parietal activation in those who did not, suggesting that the reversal error group needed a greater cognitive demand. Instead, the non-reversal error group seems to show that they have developed solid algebraic knowledge. Additionally, the results showed brain activation in the right middle temporal gyrus when comparing the reversal error vs non-reversal error groups. This activation would be associated with the semantic processing which is required to understand the statement and build the equation. Finally, the classifier results show that the brain areas activated could be considered good biomarkers to help us identify competent solvers.
Sparse inference and active learning of stochastic differential equations from data
Authors: Huang Yunfei , Mabrouk Youssef , Gompper Gerhard , Sabass Benedikt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutomatic machine learning of empirical models from experimental data has recently become possible as a result of increased availability of computational power and dedicated algorithms. Despite the successes of non-parametric inference and neural-network-based inference for empirical modelling, a physical interpretation of the results often remains challenging. Here, we focus on direct inference of governing differential equations from data, which can be formulated as a linear inverse problem. A Bayesian framework with a Laplacian prior distribution is employed for finding sparse solutions efficiently. The superior accuracy and robustness of the method is demonstrated for various cases, including ordinary, partial, and stochastic differential equations. Furthermore, we develop an active learning procedure for the automated discovery of stochastic differential equations. In this procedure, learning of the unknown dynamical equations is coupled to the application of perturbations to the measured system in a feedback loop. We show that active learning can significantly improve the inference of global models for systems with multiple energetic minima.
Nuclear and magnetic spin structure of the antiferromagnetic triangular lattice compound LiCrTe2 investigated by $$\mu ^+$$SR, neutron and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Nocerino E. , Witteveen C. , Kobayashi S. , Forslund O. K. , Matsubara N. , Zubayer A. , Mazza F. , Kawaguchi S. , Hoshikawa A. , Umegaki I. , Sugiyama J. , Yoshimura K. , Sassa Y. , von Rohr F. O. , Månsson M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice antiferromagnets (2D-TLA) often manifest intriguing physical and technological properties, due to the strong interplay between lattice geometry and electronic properties. The recently synthesized 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide LiCrTe$$_2$$

2

, being a 2D-TLA, enriched the range of materials which can present such properties. In this work, muon spin rotation ($$\mu ^+$$

μ
+

SR) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) have been utilized to reveal the true magnetic nature and ground state of LiCrTe$$_2$$

2

. From high-resolution NPD the magnetic spin order at base-temperature is not, as previously suggested, helical, but rather collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) with ferromagnetic (FM) spin coupling within the ab-plane and AFM coupling along the c-axis. The value if the ordered magnetic Cr moment is established as $$\mu _{\textrm{Cr}}= 2.36~\mu _{\textrm{B}}$$

μ
Cr

=
2.36

μ
B

. From detailed $$\mu ^+$$

μ
+

SR measurements we observe an AFM ordering temperature $$T_{\textrm{N}}\approx 125$$

T
N

≈
125

K. This value is remarkably higher than the one previously reported by magnetic bulk measurements. From $$\mu ^+$$

μ
+

SR we are able to extract the magnetic order parameter, whose critical exponent allows us to categorize LiCrTe$$_2$$

2

in the 3D Heisenberg AFM universality class. Finally, by combining our magnetic studies with high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), we find a clear coupling between the nuclear and magnetic spin lattices. This suggests the possibility for a strong magnon–phonon coupling, similar to what has been previously observed in the closely related compound LiCrO$$_2$$

2

.
Improvement of power quality parameters using modulated-unified power quality conditioner and switched-inductor boost converter by the optimization techniques for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid
Authors: Khosravi Nima , Abdolvand Abdollah , Oubelaid Adel , Khan Yawer Abbas , Bajaj Mohit , Govender Scott 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aims to improve the quality of operation parameters of the stand-alone hybrid microgrids (HMGs). The proposed module for the AC microgrid (ACMG) is a modulated-unified power quality conditioner (M-UPQC). Furthermore, the suggested component for the DC microgrid (DCMG) is a switched-inductor boost converter module (S-IBCM). The M-UPQC control method is based on inverter modules and the system resonant features. The aim of S-IBCM applied is to improve DC microgrid (DCMG) efficiency. In this paper, the research challenge consists of two sections: first, adjusting the control parameters of M-UPQC by the black hole optimization (BHO), Harris hawk optimization (HHO), and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) techniques, respectively; second, presenting a new design of the BC module called S-IBCM to increase DCMG efficiency. The programmed multi-objective functions (MOFs) for M-UPQC contain the harmonic parameters. Finally, according to output results, the performance conditions for ACMG and DCMG divisions achieve significantly improved by the proposed modules adopted. Furthermore, the performance of the M-UPQC operating under static and dynamic disturbances is tested through an experimental setup.