bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total carbon stock in Langsa Urban Forest, Langsa City, Aceh Province
Authors: Arlita T , Yanti L A , Farida A , Umam A H , Anhar A , Maimunah S , Samek J H , Muslih A M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The existence of forests as a life support system has provided benefits for human life, especially in the current era where environmental issues regarding climate change and global warming are starting to emerge. The existence of forest areas is called green open space or urban forest. The existence of urban forests is very important for the balance of the microclimate in urban areas. Langsa City Forest is an area with an area of about 10 hectares which functions for the preservation, harmony and balance of urban ecosystems which include environmental, social and cultural elements. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling method with random start. Sampling technique used 12 plots with an area of about 10 hectares, tree biomass calculation using allometric equations. Data obtained from the Langsa City Forest in the calculation of carbon in 12 plots, the plot that has the highest amount of carbon is 6 with a value of 225.74 tC/Ha and the plot that has the amount of carbon with the lowest value is 1 with a value of 16.54 tC/Ha. The average carbon value in Langsa City Forest is 119.07 tC/Ha. There are 5 plots that have the highest average value, namely plots 2, 6, 8, 9, and 10 also 7 plots have below the average value, namely plots 1, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 12. Total carbon plots in the forest Langsa City is 1428.84 tC/Ha with an average carbon in the area of 119.07 tC/Ha and a standard deviation of 65.35 tC/Ha. The information about carbon uptake on vegetation shows that the existence of urban forest is very important for the balance of the microclimate in urban areas of Langsa City.
The Transfer Phenomena of Air Pollutants Emitted from Power Station and Generators in Nasiriyah City and the Effect of Meteorological Parameters on its Dispersion by Using Fixed Box Model
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Alaa , Mahdi Zahraa S. , Kariem Nagam Obaid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study aims to use the fixed box model to calculate the spread of pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOX, particulate) resulting from the burning of fuel used to produce electrical energy in the Nasiriyah city and to know the way they spread in the city through being affected by the wind speed and compare the results calculated from the model with the results measured by the lancom4 device. The results showed that the main pollutants for the air in Nasiriyah was emitted from burning the fuel used for the production of electric power, and the results showed that the concentration of pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOX) was much higher inside the city when compared with the upstream direction of the winds due to its increase with the movement of winds and its entry into the city. Through the application of the fixed box model and when comparing the calculated results through the model with the results measured by the lancom4 device, the error rate was (4 %, 2%, 2%, 5%) for pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOX, particulate) respectively, it was also observed that the highest emission rate of pollutants was result from using heavy fuel (fuel oil) and the lowest emission was from light oil (Dry gas). We noted the spread of pollutants and dilution in the atmosphere increases with the increase in wind speed, excluding for particles mater.
PROPERTIES MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME GEOPOLYMERS IN DRY AND WET SAND
Authors: Abdulla Albakaa Emad Hassan , Fakhraldin Mohammed Kadhem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The interest in reducing carbon emissions due to the large number of industrial wastes led to the civil engineering sector’s interest in using these products for easy access and for their unique advantages in improving raw materials after mixing them and determining their optimal use ratios. Through experiments and continuous studies, three types of geopolymers were used for this study based on poor sandy soil and mixing it in certain proportions with geopolymers, recording and analysing the results and using it in the practical experiment by using a special model to shed the loads on a square footing and drawing the load - settlement curve that showed the improvement of the sandy soil’s ability to resist shear by increasing the loads and reducing the settlement in the foundations. the laboratory test proved improvement in the shear strength parameters in sandy soil after blending with geopolymers.
Application of GIS to assess the accessibility of urban streets in Baghdad city
Authors: Alkaissi Z A , Ahmed R M , Hussain R Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Accessibility has an important impact on shaping human activity patterns on all of the spatial scales. This study presented an evaluation of accessibility levels with private to commercial centers for three selected routes in Baghdad city. The study involved more than 45 days transport survey for private vehicles in Baghdad city using Global Positioning System (GPS) probe for recording indicators of traffic performance. Gravity model was used to measure accessibility index as an implementation of GIS-based model by using link geography and the spatial boundary of analysis in order to build route networks at three routes in Baghdad City, Bayaa intersection - Bab Al-Muatham intersection (Route 1), Bayaa intersection - Bab Al-Muatham intersection (Route 2) and 14 Ramadan Street - Bab Al-Muatham intersection (Route 3). It was found that Route 1 has the high accessibility index with 0.67 in compare with Route 2 and 3 (0.58 and 0.59), respectively. The reason that Route 1 had the highest accessibility index due to the high access point and low traffic volume as compared with the other two routes.
Replacement of Flexural and Shear Reinforcement of Double-Column Bridge Bent with CFRP under Combined loadings
Authors: Hamzah Mustafa Kareem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The bridge bent is the most critical structural component of short span bridge that highly affected by different types of loadings. The bent failure has been observed due to in plane and out of plane loadings. Strengthening techniques are utilized for existing bridges. However, a replacement technique can be used for the new bridges to avoid bent failure. Moreover, the effect of combined loading on bent performance need to be evaluated. Therefore, this study assessed the performance of bridge bent under in plane, out of plane and combined loadings. Furthermore, replace the traditional flexural and shear steel reinforcement of the columns with CFRP bars. The performance of bent is assessed numerically by finite element analysis. For this purpose, six numerical bent models are developed. The first three models with traditional steel bars and the remaining models with CFRP rebars. The results demonstrated that out of plane loadings has more impact on the bent structural performance than other loading cases. Flexural and shear failures are observed in the columns for models with steel rebars. The failure started from lower side of the column for both in plane and out of plane loadings showing low resistance. The steel rebars yielded in early stage of loading indicating limited stiffness. However, the bent performance has been enhanced by replacing rebars with CFRP. The bent stiffness has slightly improved by replacing with less diameter of CFRP rods and stirrups. In addition, the CFRP bars showed considerable resistance and hardly showed plasticity during apply loading indicating that the CFRP is suitable material to replace steel reinforcement.
Seismic Performance of RC Column Using Fiber Hinge Concept with Time Integration Method
Authors: Hamzah Mustafa Kareem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent seismic events showed the importance of understanding the structural performance of RC column that can be predicted numerically. The accuracy of column performance depends on type of the analysis and representation of seismic effect. Therefore, in this paper a nonlinear time history analysis has been performed to assess the seismic performance of bridge column using fiber hinge concept with time integration method using sap2000 software. A long bridge RC column is utilized and subjected to seismic excitation. The column has been divided into different size and numbers of fiber to assess the accuracy of the analysis and time consuming to analyze each case of fiber hinges. In addition, this paper used three-time integration methods, Newmark, Hilber-Hughes-Taylor, and Chung & Hulbert to predict the most suitable method to be used in column seismic analysis. The time history displacement and base shear in addition to moment rotation of the column are the most important factors to evaluate the column seismic performance. The analysis results demonstrated that the most suitable time integration method is Hilber-Hughes-Taylor for such type of the analysis since it gives more stable base shear result than other two methods. Furthermore, the results indicated that the accuracy of seismic performance increased by number of fibers incremental. Moreover, the number of steel fibers should be equal to the number of bars with same area and location. The unconfined and confined concrete should be divided into small areas to get accurate prediction of column seismic performance.
Isolation Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from Soil and Production of Lipase Enzyme
Authors: Ali A A , Hameed K W , Nadder M I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were uncovered in the soil surrounding the roots of palms and public gardens in Baghdad for the production of lipase enzyme. The lipase enzyme has many applications that are included in the textile and food industry, and the manufacture of detergents and medical preparations. Several tests such as temperature change, incubation period, change of lipid sources, nitrogen sources such as peptone and tryptone, and carbon sources such as glucose and lactose were carried out to choose suitable conditions for bacterial growth. The results indicated studying the conditions affecting production, it was noted that the best production was when using the culture medium to which 1% of corn oil was added, pH 7, at a temperature of 37 °C and an incubation period of 24 hours in vibrating incubator at 151 rpm, The soil surrounding the roots of the plant is a good reservoir for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
Optimization Of Thermal Module Solar Photovoltaic Using CFD-Simulation
Authors: Hamad Hussein M. , Mohammed Soran J. , Jabbar M. F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Photovoltaic panels can directly generate electricity by converting solar energy, but the panels temperature reduce the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic thermal PVT system technology is used to improve the electrical performance. In this study, the daily and monthly global solar radiation on a horizontal surface for Iraq have been measured and presented then used with PVT water system. ANSYS software is used to simulate the water temperature differences behavior and measure the surface temperature of PVT model using the collected irradiation with the mass flow rate at 0.01 and 0.02 kg per second. The CFID results were validated with previous studies and observed a good agreement. The simulation tests apply a constant input temperature to the PVT system in all the yearly weather conditions in order to enhance the surface temperature. The results observe the PVT thermal efficiency behavior and show the maximum enhancement which is reached to 61% with the mass flowrate 0.03 kg per second and constant low input temperature.
Bioclimatic and sustainable features on vernacular architecture in Ternate
Authors: Rahim M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aims to identify the response of the vernacular building to climate and sustainability by literature study and field observations. The results show that the vernacular building in Ternate Island develops based on the characteristics of the region. The typology of building differs in each tribe following the natural condition and local culture, it has a line of equality in the building philosophy as an embodiment of the human body: feet (foundation), body (wall and room), and head (roof). Vernacular architecture in Ternate contains bioclimatic and sustainable features and can be developed to the new building concept; the basic concept is the combination of spiritual/cultural harmony, human harmony, environmental harmony, and harmony with green technology/innovation for comfort and protection of the disasters by bioclimatic architecture design strategy. This study provides insight and inspiration for sustainability in the future especially in the context of archipelago areas.
Interphase distribution of a number of polybasic carboxylic acids in aqueous two-phase systems based on polyethylene glycol-1500
Authors: Solov’eva S V , Solov’ev V O , Zinov’eva I V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we studied the interphase distribution of a number of polybasic carboxylic acids, in particular, malic, succinic, glutaric, citric, ascorbic and tartaric in two-phase aqueous systems polyethylene glycol-1500 (PEG-1500) - sodium sulfate - water and PEG-1500 - ammonium sulfate - water. Using the spectrophotometric method of analysis, quantitative characteristics (interfacial distribution and degree of recovery) of the extraction of carboxylic acids were determined. In conclusion, it was found that the considered two-phase aqueous systems are promising in the process of extraction of polybasic carboxylic acids. In particular, the system polyethylene glycol 1500 - sodium sulfate - water has effective extraction properties for succinic malic and ascorbic acids. On the other hand, depending on the composition of the extraction systems, the quantitative characteristics for citric, glutaric and tartaric acids practically do not differ.
The interphase distribution of light REE Ce(III) and La(III) in system based on PEG-1500 – NaNO3 – H2O with the quaternary ammonium base addition
Authors: Levina A V , Fedorov A Ya , Fedorova M I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The problem of e-waste processing and recovery of valuable metals from such waste for the second use is attracting more and more scientists’ attention. Liquid extraction as one of hydrometallurgy steps is a traditional method for the metal recovery. However, application of solvent extraction is not meet the green chemistry principles due to organic solvents. Aqueous two-phase systems based on water-soluble polymers are promising alternative for hazardous organic solvents. In this work the dependencies of Ce(III) and La(III) distribution coefficients from process time and the initial quaternary ammonium base concentration have been achieved. Also, based on the Ce(III) and La(III) extraction isotherms it has been shown that the metals initial concentrations are highly affects the distribution coefficients of studied metals. The possibility of aqueous two-phase system application as a solvent for quaternary ammonium salt for light REE (Ce(III) and La(III)) extraction from water solution has been shown.
Thiophene extraction in PEG - hexan - water based systems
Authors: Solov‘ev’ V O , Solov’eva S V , Milevsky N A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effect of individual and multicomponent additives of sodium chloride, iron chloride, sodium nitrate and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone on the interfacial distribution of thiophene in the systems polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG-1500) - hexane - water and polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG-8000) - hexane - water has been studied in this investigation. It was found that in most cases, the introduction of a small amount of individual and joint additives increases the extraction of thiophene from the organic phase to the aqueous.
Analysis of rock mass behavior with Empirical and Numerical method for the construction of diversion tunnel, Laos
Authors: Mboussa D J W , Sun S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tunneling construction in the mountain area is a challenge for engineers and geotechnicians because of instability due to the presence of discontinuities. The objective of this paper is the modeling of surrounding rock masses for the stability of the diversion tunnel to predict the behavior of rock masses during the excavation process for the Nam Phoun hydropower station project in Laos. Field investigation and laboratories test was realized; Empirical methods as Rock mass designation and Geological Strength Index were performed, rock masses were classified in three categories (RM-1, RM-2, and RM-3); in situ stresses were obtained from existing equations, numerical modeling was performed by the 2D plane strain finite element code Phase2 developed by Rocscience, using Generalized Hoek-Brown criterion for each type of rock masses. The results of numerical modeling show the strength zones of stresses and deformations around the tunnel and predict the instabilities around the tunnel during excavations processes. Thus, for all rock’s masses, it will be necessary to consider an analysis for the supports design before the excavation’s process. The findings of this study allow a clearer understanding of the importance to assess a predictive analysis of slope stability during the feasibility phase of a project by engineers to have an idea of instabilities and its significant in preventing the impact on the cost of the project.
Development of Concrete Damage Classification in Beam-Column Joint based on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Authors: Dermawan A S , Dewi S M , Wisnumurti  , Wibowo A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The concreted conditions assessment of the systems is an essential aspect of security assessment programs. In situ measurements of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) may be indicative of the level of damage in the original concrete. UPV influenced by the specific characteristics of the mixture. In situ UPV measurements can be indicative of the level of damage in the original concrete. The research purpose is the damage classification, UPV test interpretation (strength, density, elasticity modulus, Concrete Quality Designation (CQD)), and determines the level of structural damage visually so that more accurate inspection results. The research result showed that the plastic hinge was more damaged than other parts of the beam-column joints. The UPV test obtained density 0.84-1.03 g/cm3, CQD 10% -20%, static elastic modulus 7.68-8.39 Gpa according to [3],[4] including very poor and visually is included in category IV spalling off of covering concrete (crack width > 2mm). The use of UPV as supporting assessment for classification, repair, and maintenance of structures. If density, CQD, and elastic modulus of defining very poor classification, the structure that needs immediate repair. The use of UPV is faster, without damaging parts of the structure, and also induces damage to the core specimens as a result of the coring process, making it faster and more economical.
The properties of preplaced aggregate concrete technology contain the industrial waste-material and the various shapes and sizes of coarse aggregate
Authors: Chairunnisa N , Ruzhanah H , Hairida  , Daniel L.S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The success of preplaced aggregate concrete technology depends on two main factors which are potential grout and coarse aggregate. This research was conducted experimentally to determine the effect of using two different fly ash sources as an alternative for the partial replacement of cement and several size and shapes of coarse aggregate on the compressive and tensile strength of PAC specimens. This involved the use of seven concrete mixes with a low water-cement ratio of 0.4 and cement to sand ratio of 1:0.75 to produce standard cylinder specimens of concrete containing rounded and crush aggregate. Moreover, fly ash was added at a dosage of 5% and 10% of cement weight while three shapes and sizes of a rounded and crushed aggregate at 20 mm, 30 mm, and a mixture of the two were also applied. The results showed the compressive strength of specimens with different sizes or a mix of rounded aggregate in PAC exhibited a similar performance with 30 mm of crushed coarse aggregate. Furthermore, the specimen with a higher content of calcium fly ash demonstrated a more rapid strength at an early age of seven days than those with lower content. Therefore, the partial replacement of cement with industrial waste material in the form of fly ash in preplaced aggregate concrete has the ability to save up to 10% of cement and also produce certain environmental benefits.
Development and testing of a light dimming control using arduino uno
Authors: Waluyo  , Hadiatna F , Widura A , Setiana P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Increasing population and human needs have an impact on increasing the need for electrical energy. One of them is for lighting needs. Therefore, it is necessary to save the lighting system so that energy consumption is minimum and the need for lighting is optimal, by controlling light dimming. This paper presents an implementation and testing of a dimming light control using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The circuit used a 12-volt power supply, as a voltage source, to increase to 42 volts, to meet a lamp voltage, through a dc-dc converter. After obtaining the maximum voltage, a MOSFET cut off the voltage according to the desired light or performance level. The duty cycle was directly proportional to the output voltage, using a PWM coding to get the necessary light intensity. Some testing was conducted, including the measurement point shifting to the side. The testing results show that PMW and LDR decreased as the duty cycle increased. Nevertheless, both decreasing are different, the PWM decreased linearly with a gradient of -2.55 and the LDR decreased hyperbolically. While, the illuminance, current, and power rose as the duty cycle increased. The illuminance increased, tent to be saturated, as the power increased. However, the illuminance was reduced as the PWM and LDR increased. The illuminance decreased slightly as the measurement points shifted to the side.
Design of Prototype Information System for Tracking & Tracing Fish Distribution Based on Mobile Agent
Authors: Ardiansyah Rizka , Pusadan Yazdi , Rombe Elimawaty , Mubaraq Rahmat , Hadi Suryadi , Indrajaya Aristo , Iskandar  
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The National Fish Logistics System or often called SLIN is an Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries program that aims to maintain the stability of the production and marketing systems and control the disparity in national fish prices. Central Sulawesi is the Province that becomes the main corridor of this program. The inefficient distribution monitoring process generally causes several problems in the field of fisheries distribution management that still often occur today by the regional Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. It indicates that SLIN is not yet running optimally. This study purpose a prototype design of fish distribution tracking based on a mobile agent that can use to help consumers to track distribution channels and get information about the origin of the fish to be purchased. The data will further process for monitoring fish distribution in a real-time manner by the regional Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. A proper monitoring mechanism will undoubtedly help the government in making policies and conducting supervision to make the SLIN implementation successful in Central Sulawesi. By the research, we found that the proposed method can gather data from every level fish distribution agent then processed the data to inform about distribution line and the origin of the fish for the consumer. The proposed solution framework could be implemented and nearly fit with current implementation criteria. The framework later can be a base framework for developing a more advanced information system for SLIN in Central Sulawesi Region.