bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consideraciones sobre los mosaicos de las Metamorfosis de Zeus/Júpiter de la Bética
Authors: Vargas-Vázquez Sebastián , López Monteagudo Guadalupe , San Nicolás Pedraz M.ª Pilar 
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se analizan las escenas de los Amores de Zeus/Júpiter representadas en los mosaicos romanos de la Bética, su contextualización espacial y arqueológica, su relación con temas báquicos y la identificación de posibles talleres a través del análisis iconográfico, de las composiciones geométricas y de los elementos decorativos. Se profundiza en la elección del relato y en las particularidades iconográficas y en las formas de representar las distintas escenas del mito, entre las que destaca la ambigüedad, como resultado de los conocimientos artísticos y literarios de los artífices y de los domini y del mensaje que desean transmitir, destacando las diferencias y convergencias con otras zonas de Hispania y del mundo romano en general. Se presta una especial atención a la relación de los temas con los espacios arquitectónicos a los que van destinados, así como con los ámbitos urbanos y rurales. Se llega a la conclusión de que, en líneas generales y pese a un mayor predominio en contextos urbanos, suelen decorar las estancias principales de domus y villae.
Discours des moniteurs sociaux sur leurs pratiques de terrain auprès des demandeurs d’asile en Italie
Authors: Lalli Pina , Giacomelli Elena 
Published: July 2022

L’arrivée des migrants a représenté un gros défi pour la société italienne, qui n’a pourtant pas créé un système d’accueil homogène sur le territoire national. À partir d’entretiens réalisés dans l’un des meilleurs systèmes d’accueil local (dans le Trentin, au nord de l’Italie), nous proposons d’analyser deux thématiques centrales des discours de cette communauté de pratiques, qui font émerger le rôle plus ou moins reconnu de l’« entrepreneur moral » au niveau du guichet.
The UN Refugee Agency discourse “called into question”: challenges and forms of politicisation of the refugee cause
Authors: Vallée Odile 
Published: July 2022

The “migration crisis” which has placed refugees and migrants on the same migration routes calls the UN Refugee Agency’s discourse into question. This crisis implies “manufacturing a political framing of the untenable” (Angeli Aguiton et al., 2019, p. 15) in support of “crisis exit” interventions which shape the forms of politicisation of the refugee cause. The article draws on the semio-discursive analysis of UNHCR activity reports from 2015 to 2019, from the perspective of argumentation in discourse.
Improved Durability to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immunity following Coimmunization with Molecular Adjuvant Adenosine Deaminase-1
Authors: Cusimano Gina M , Gary Ebony N , Bell Matthew R , Warner Bryce M , Connors Jennifer , Tursi Nicholas J , Ali Ali R , Zhang Shiyu , Canziani Gabriela , Taramangalam Bhavani , Gordon Emma A , Chaiken Irwin M , Wootton Sarah K , Smith Trevor , Ramos Stephanie , Kobasa Darwyn , Weiner David B , Kutzler Michele A , Haddad Elias K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have demonstrated strong immunogenicity and protection against severe disease, concerns about the duration and breadth of these responses remain. In this study, we show that codelivery of plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase-1 (pADA) with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein DNA enhances immune memory and durability in vivo. Coimmunized mice displayed increased spike-specific IgG of higher affinity and neutralizing capacity as compared with plasmid-encoded spike-only–immunized animals. Importantly, pADA significantly improved the longevity of these enhanced responses in vivo. This coincided with durable increases in frequencies of plasmablasts, receptor-binding domain–specific memory B cells, and SARS-CoV-2–specific T follicular helper cells. Increased spike-specific T cell polyfunctionality was also observed. Notably, animals coimmunized with pADA had significantly reduced viral loads compared with their nonadjuvanted counterparts in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These data suggest that pADA enhances immune memory and durability and supports further translational studies.
Changing Trends of Adenocarcinoma Among other nOnperipheral Lung Tumors in Smokers and Nonsmokers
Authors: Harsha Ajit , Katare Srikanth , Kumar Adimalla Raja , Bhat Shuaeb , Dhulipala Suhas 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Globally, modern lifestyles and the increasing incidence of lung cancer have changed the histopathological presentation of lung cancer to the point that it has reached epidemic proportions. It is well known that tobacco smokers are more prone to lung cancer. Nonsmokers are no exception. We conducted this study to determine if primary lung cancer is increasing in nonsmokers and examine the differences in clinicopathological patterns and disease staging between smokers and nonsmokers.

Objective:
(1) Comparing the occurrence of nonperipheral lung tumors in smokers and nonsmokers, (2) to determine whether bronchogenic carcinoma in smokers and nonsmokers exhibited the same histopathological shift, (3) a comparison of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers based on clinical and radiological findings.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study in Pulmonary Medicine was conducted over 7 years from August 2012 to January 2020. All adult patients were screened with a detailed history and risk factors. Histopathological analysis was performed on patients with X-ray findings that appeared to be a mass or collapse caused by endobronchial growth, as well as on patients who were clinically, radiologically, and bronchoscopically suspicious for malignancy.

Results:
The study reports that out of the 386 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma, 295 (76.4%) were between 46 and 70 years of age, 282 (73.05%) were male, 250 (85%) smokers, and 104 (27%) females, 44 (14.9%) smokers. Smokers outnumbered nonsmokers by a ratio of 3.1:1. In 257 patients, fever was the most common symptom, followed by hemoptysis in 245 patients. Mass lesion was the most common radiological finding in 245 (63.4%) patients. Squamous cell carcinoma 123 patients (43.6%), Adenocarcinoma 107 patients (37.9%) and small cell carcinoma 35 patients (12.4%) were more common in males, while adenocarcinoma patients 48 (46.1%), squamous cell carcinoma 36 patients (34.6%) and small cell carcinoma 12 patients (11.5%) were more common in females.

Conclusion:
Majority of elderly patients have an increased risk of developing malignancy, as shown by this study. Smokers are still more likely to develop primary lung cancer than nonsmokers. Squamous cell carcinomas constituted a greater proportion of all histopathological types than adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas are more likely to develop centrally during their later stages. The majority of adenocarcinoma patients presented at the terminal stage and were not smokers.
Autopsy versus Clinical Decisions Regarding Causes of Maternal Death in Iraq
Authors: Ghalib Yassin Batool Ali , Hassan AL-Safi Aliaa Makki , AL-Saneed Enaam Hasson 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are a leading cause of death and disability among women in developing countries. The target for mortality reduction is important, yet accurate data of maternal mortality remains challenging as reporting errors including misclassification of cause of death continue to pose a major challenge.

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify if there is any discrepancy between clinical and autopsy causes of maternal death.

Methods:
A review of all maternal deaths records that had two sources for registered cause of death; one made by the obstetrician depending on clinical setting and the other by forensic medicine after autopsy and search for any discrepancies between the two sources.

Results:
A total of 468 maternal death reports were reviewed; the discrepancies were more with the second commonest cause of maternal death in Iraq which is pulmonary embolism. The review revealed that 10.1% of those clinically died because of pulmonary embolism turned to be dead from other causes; 8.7% of them from postpartum hemorrhage, and the rest from sepsis and other indirect causes.

Conclusion:
There is a substantial discrepancy between clinical and autopsy causes of maternal death which necessitates asking for autopsy in cases of maternal mortality of uncertain cause. The use of maternal death review within 3–6 weeks of death as a tool to identify causes of maternal deaths is recommended.
Prevalence and Predictors of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases among women in an Urbanized Village of India
Authors: Behera Shyambhavee , Chhabra Pragti , Rajoura O. P. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors among the underprivileged women of the urban areas are expected to increase. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of these risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 370 women between 25 and 64 years in an urbanized village of India. Risk factors for NCDs were assessed using the WHO STEPS instrument. To determine the sociodemographic predictors of these risk factors binary logistic regression was used.

Results:
The prevalence of tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, overweight, and obesity was found to be 18.3%, 61.6%, 96.5%, 27.6%, and 5.9%, respectively. Raised blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol were found to be present in 23%, 22%, and 42%, respectively. Older age was found to be a significant predictor of tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, raised blood pressure, and raised blood glucose.

Conclusion:
The current study reported a high prevalence of physical inactivity and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, with age being a significant predictor of the majority of risk factors. Thus, arises the need for programs and policies tailored toward addressing the local needs, targeted toward older women.
COVID-19 Vaccines Portray the Bright Side of Human Creativity, But It Means Nothing until They Prove Their Worth
Authors: Varghese Sangeetha Merrin , Sachu Arun , Jacob Linda , George Geomcy , Chandy George Mateethra , Samuel Johnson Abel K , John Grace Mary 
Published: July 2022

Background:
COVID-19 vaccines, we believe, have come to rescue us from the clutches of the dreaded severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With rapid ongoing mutations, it is difficult to predict the effectiveness of seroconversion following vaccination. This study aims to find out the proportion of people with seroconversion following first dose of Covishield vaccine.

Methods:
Randomly selected health-care workers were followed up for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies between 28 and 42 days after receiving their first vaccine dose. The VITROS SARS-CoV-2 IgG test (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, USA) with 100% specificity and > 90% sensitivity was used to assess seroconversion.

Results:
The first dose of vaccine induced seroconversion in 91.7% of beneficiaries. Nearly one-third (30.2%) of them had high antibody titers, and it showed a significant association with female gender (9.6 ± 5.5 vs. 7.6 ± 5.6) and younger age (P = 0.008). In addition, those with previous COVID infection showed a more robust immune response when compared to others (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Seroconversion rate of more than 90% offers a promising hope toward successful pandemic control. In the current scenario, the inability to attain the targeted coverage due to an upsurge in vaccine hesitancy, compounded with only lower proportion of seroconversion in elderly, faster rollout of the vaccines without any age limit, will help achieve the herd threshold more rapidly.
Assessment of Characteristics and Exposure to Vulnerable Factors for Drug use among Male Illicit Drug Users in Sri Lanka
Authors: Darshana Nuwan , Wijesinghe Champa Jayalakshmie , De Silva P Vijitha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Illicit drug use has become a significant public health problem in Sri Lanka. This study was conducted to assess characteristics and exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use among institutionalized male drug users.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 431 institutionalized male drug users from five selected rehabilitation centers in Sri Lanka. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The history of exposure to vulnerable factors was assessed using a series of questions based on existing evidence. Chi-square test was used to identify factors associated with exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use at 0.05 significance level.

Results:
Experimental usage, peer pressure, being unaware about harmful outcomes of drug use, ability to conceal drug use behavior from family, easy accessibility, previous use of alcohol and tobacco, history of exposure to psychoactive substance use within the usual living set up, being in a family with inadequate protection and an unsatisfactory parenting status were identified as common characteristics of people with illicit drug use disorders and drug use behavior. The age of the first drug use was positively correlated with the age of the first alcohol use (r = 0.687; P < 0.01) and first smoking (r = 0.732; P < 0.01). Ethnicity, area of residence, severity of drug use, and age of initiation of drug use had statistically significant association with exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion:
Characteristics of people with illicit drug use disorders and drug use behavior were varied while the history of exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use was not uncommon in the sample. The study recommends considering these study findings during designing appropriate preventive and harm reduction strategies for illicit drug use.
Prevalence of Oral Lesions and Its Associated Risk Factors Among PLHIV Availing Anti-Retroviral Therapy from a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry - A Cross Sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Jana Pradip Kumar , Sahu Swaroop Kumar , Sivaranjini K. , Hamide Abdoul , Roy Gautam 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:
Oral lesions are among the earliest and most important indicators of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The presence of oral lesions has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the PLHIV. Hence, a novel attempt is made to assess the prevalence of various types of oral lesions among the adult people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy.

Methodology:
In this facility-based cross-sectional study, a total of 239 out of 300 eligible PLHIV were assessed between September and October 2018. All consecutive eligible patients encountered during the data collection period were included. Oral examination was carried out using disposable mouth mirrors, sterile piece of cotton, and bright illuminated torch.

Results:
The prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities was found to be 25% (95% confidence interval: 20.03–30.97). The most prevalent oral lesions were acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, and candidiasis. CD4 count <200 cells/mm3, current tobacco use, and alcohol usage were significantly associated with the prevalence of oral lesions.

Conclusion and Recommendations:
The study revealed that one-fourth of the study participants had oral lesions. Strategies for early detection and prompt treatment of oral lesions need to be planned and incorporated in the program to reduce the morbidity due to oral lesions.
Factors Associated with Health Facility Delivery in the 12th District of Kandahar City, Kandahar, Afghanistan
Authors: Khan Ahmad , Stanikzai Muhammad Haroon , Wyar Wali Mohammad , Wasiq Abdul Wahed , Sayam Hadia 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Maternal mortality and morbidity are increasing public health concerns in Afghanistan. Even more worrying is maternal death due to causes that can be prevented through maternal healthcare services utilization during pregnancy and delivery.

Objectives:
We sought to investigate the magnitude of women giving birth in a health facility and its associated factors in the 12th district of Kandahar city, Kandahar province, Afghanistan.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study of women who gave birth in the last 2 years in the 12th district of Kandahar city was conducted in early 2021. We used a systematic random sampling method to enroll 850 women. We collected data on sociodemographics, reproductive characteristics, and delivery practices of respondents. Factors associated with health facility delivery were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results:
The proportion of women who gave birth at health facilities was 71.8% (confidence interval [CI]; 68.61%–74.77%). In this study, health facility delivery was associated with husbands’ education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.50–6.31), antenatal care (ANC) services utilization (AOR = 17.84, 95% CI: 11.86–26.8), and history of complications in previous births (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI: 2.32–5.74).

Conclusion:
In this study, the utilization of a health facility for delivery was slightly lower than reported on the national level. Our study found potential factors such as ANC visits, husbands’ education, and history of complications in previous births, for which interventions aimed at enhancing the proportion of health facility deliveries.
Evaluation of clinical profile and screening guidelines of retinopathy of prematurity in an urban level III neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Sanghi Gaurav , Sawhney Jaskaran S , Kaur Saranjit , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical profile and screening guidelines of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in an urban level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods:
Infants with ≤2000-gm birth weight or <34 weeks gestational age were prospectively screened for ROP in an urban level III NICU between January 2018 and December 2020, based on national screening guidelines. Standard guidelines were used for ROP classification and treatment.

Results:
In total, 211 infants completed screening; 46 (21.8%) infants developed ROP and 13 (6.2%) had type 1 (laser treatable) ROP. Of the 46 infants with ROP, 44 (95.65%) had zone 2 and two (4.34%) had zone 1 disease. In the 102 infants with ≤1500-gm birth weight, the incidence of ROP and type 1 ROP were 41.18% and 11.76%, respectively. Out of the 109 infants with >1500-gm birth weight, four (3.67%) developed ROP and one (0.91%) infant (an outborn) required treatment.

Conclusion:
The majority of infants developing ROP in a level III urban NICU had ≤1500-gm birth weight. Zone 1 ROP was uncommon. Incidence of ROP in heavier infants (>1500-gm birth weight) was low, and treatment was required in a rare instance. In an urban NICU, the burden of ROP screening and treatments shifts to small and low-birth-weight infants.
Role of Swept source optical coherence tomography in management of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada’s disease
Authors: Ganesh Sudha K , Mistry Saurabh , Nair Nivedita 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in the management of acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada’s (VKH) disease.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of SS-OCT images of acute VKH patients between January 2015 and February 2020 in a tertiary eye care hospital.

Results:
We studied 34 eyes of 17 patients with acute probable VKH disease. The mean age was 31.6 ± 10.4 years. Twelve patients were women. The mean follow-up was 17.1 ± 9.3 months. The mean visual acuity was 0.86 logMAR (Snellen equivalent: 6/45) at presentation and 0.18 logMAR (Snellen equivalent: 6/9) at the last follow-up. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was 784.97 microns at presentation, 431.40 microns at the first month of therapy, 453.94 microns at six months of therapy, and 405.83 microns at the last follow-up. Qualitative features noted on SS-OCT on presentation was subretinal fluid (SRF) in 29 (85%) eyes, subretinal hyperreflective dots in 34 (100%) eyes, subretinal septa in 33 (97%) eyes, RPE undulations in 21 (61.7%) eyes, posterior vitreous cells in 34 (100%) eyes, SRF around disc in 9 (26%) eyes, and disc swelling in 34 (100%) eyes. At the end of 1 year of follow-up, RPE undulations were absent in 30 eyes (88%) and disc swelling was notably absent in all 34 eyes (100%), though SRF around disc was noted in 4 eyes (11.7%) of 2 patients who had recurrences.

Conclusion:
SFCT, SRF around disc, RPE undulation, and disc swelling may be important indicators on SS-OCT to guide therapy and prognosticate recurrences in acute VKH.
Outcomes of surgical intervention in cases of ectopia lentis
Authors: Maharana Prafulla K , Sahay Pranita , Mandal Sohini , Lakshmi Chandra C , Goel Siddhi , Nagpal Ritu , Sinha Rajesh , Agarwal Tushar , Sharma Namrata , Titiyal Jeewan S 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention in cases of ectopia lentis.

Methods:
This retrospective study included all cases of ectopia lentis that presented between June 2015 and March 2019 in a tertiary care center. They were reviewed retrospectively. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), severity of lens subluxation, type of surgery, intra-operative and post-operative complication, and specular count were recorded.

Results:
Seventy-eight eyes of 57 cases with a mean age at surgery of 14.73 years were analyzed. Intra-lenticular lens aspiration was the most common (n-62/78; 79.5%) surgical procedure followed by lens aspiration, intra-capsular cataract extraction, phaco-aspiration, and pars-plana lensectomy. Simultaneous intra-ocular lens (IOL) implantation was performed in 46.2% (n-32/78) of the eyes. The mean CDVA improved from 0.85 ± 0.55 logMAR to 0.44 ± 0.29 logMAR at 6 weeks follow-up. The post-operative CDVA was significantly better in the pseudo-phakic group compared to the aphakic group (p-0.02). The patient’s age at the time of surgery and the degree of subluxation did not impact the final visual outcome. Intra-operative complication included vitreous hemorrhage (n-1) and lens matter drop (n-1). Post-operative complications were noted in 26.9% of the eyes (n-21/78) with a higher complication rate in the pseudo-phakic group (p-0.00). A second intervention was required in 7.7% of the eyes (n-6/78).

Conclusion:
Age and degree of subluxation at the time of surgery do not influence the final visual outcome in cases of ectopia lentis undergoing lens extraction surgery. IOL implantation results in better visual outcomes but is associated with a high complication rate.
Oral valganciclovir in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients suffering from cytomegalovirus retinitis at a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Markan Ashish , Gupta Nikita , Dogra Mohit , Sharma Aman , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To study clinical efficacy of valganciclovir in cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive-positive patients in a tertiary care clinic in a developing nation.

Methods:
In a retrospective study, systemic and ocular records of HIV patients suffering from CMVR and treated with valganciclovir, were analyzed. Primary outcome measures were involvement of the other eye, incidence of retinal detachment, systemic involvement, and mortality encountered. Secondary outcome measures included change in BCVA.

Results:
Out of nine patients who were included, two patients developed CMVR in the other eye and only one patient (11.11%) developed retinal detachment during the course of the study. No patient developed any systemic manifestations or had mortality during the course of the study. The change in BCVA was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Use of oral valganciclovir showed good outcome and was found to be a better alternative compared to the use of intravitreal ganciclovir in the literature. Introduction of valganciclovir at an affordable price in developing nations can decrease disease burden.