bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuraminidase Inhibitors: Development and Validation of a Procedure for <i>In Vitro</i> Determination of the Inhibitory Effect
Authors: Faustova N. M. , Petlitskaya S. S. , Ampilogova I. N. , Karlina M. V. , Makarova M. N. , Makarov V. G. 
Published: June 2022

Neuraminidase inhibitors are a class of antivirals used to treat influenza infections. Screening assays for potential neuraminidase inhibitors would benefit from the development of in vitro procedures that do not require handling viruses. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a procedure for in vitro determination of inhibitory effects on neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18), using 2’-4(methylumbelliferyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid (4MU-NANA) as a fluorogenic substrate and quinonoid pigments, potential neuraminidase inhibitors, as a case study. Materials and methods: the method is based on neuraminidase cleavage of 4MU-NANA to release fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone, which is detected at the excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 450 nm, respectively. Results: the procedure was validated for specificity, range, accuracy, and precision. It remained linear over the range of 0.31–80 μM of 4-methylumbelliferone. The accuracy for four concentration levels (including the LLOQ) was 87–114%; i.e., the relative error of accuracy evaluation was less than 15%. The intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 1.5 to 10.4% and from 2.3 to 9.6%, respectively. Inhibitory effect evaluation using zanamivir hydrate (0.6–150 nM) demonstrated the accuracy of 89–120% and the precision of 3.1–11.0%. The IC50 values for positive controls (zanamivir hydrate and oseltamivir) were 27 ± 3 and 16 ± 2 nM, respectively. The following solvents may be used: 50% dimethyl sulfoxide, 5% Polysorbate 80, 50% ethanol, 50 and 100% methanol. If a compound is insoluble in the solvents, it is possible to form inclusion complexes with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. For bisnaphthazarin, the natural quinonoid pigment used in the study, the IC50 amounted to 273 ± 28 nМ. Conclusion: the procedure demonstrated adequate accuracy and reproducibility and is recommended for screening for potential neuraminidase inhibitors. In order to use the procedure for insoluble substances, the authors suggest forming inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins.
Factors inﬂuencing the intensity of Thelazia sp. infection in cattle in the Labinsk district of the Krasnodar territory
Authors: Detkova E. A. , Lutsuk S. N. 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the research is to determine factors aﬀecting the spread rate of thelaziosis in beef breeds grown in the environment of the Labinsk district, the Krasnodar Territory, at the premises of Agrofrma Progress, LLC.Materials and methods. To determine factors that aﬀect the spread of thelaziosis, a clinical examination of the Aberdeen Angus cattle of diﬀerent sex and age groups was performed in Agrofrma Progress LLC. Swabs were taken from the conjunctiva of animals with clinical signs of thelaziosis for further microscopic examination. In 2020, 236 cattle were examined including 42 adult animals older than two years, 77 animals at the age of one year and 117 calves from 0 to 6 months. The species of the pathogens was identifed in the study of the conjunctival swabs according to the adult Thelazia morphology (Gorodovich N. M., 1967). To control ectoparasites and prevent thelaziosis, an insectoacaricide from the synthetic pyrethroid group was used. The study was performed on two livestock farms of Agrofrma Progress, LLC located on diﬀerent terrains: in a temperate steppe zone with a dry climate and artifcial pastures and in a mountainous zone with a humid climate and natural pastures.Results and discussion. For 2019–2020, thelaziosis was recorded in 236 Aberdeen Angus cattle in the Progress agricultural frm of the Labinsk District, the Krasnodar Territory. A pronounced seasonal dynamic was determined; the spread of infection was recorded from the end of May to October; and the infection peak was in August. We observed a clear correlation of the infection with the activity of zoophilic ﬂies, carriers of thelaziosis. The most widespread thelaziosis was observed in young cattle aged up to 6 months, that were kept on livestock sites on ﬂat terrain in a drier climate.
Acute and subchronic toxicity of multicomponent antiparasitic drugs Insaсar Total C Plus, Insaсar Total K Plus
Authors: Makhvatova N. V. 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the research is to study acute oral toxicity in mice, and acute dermal and subchronic toxicity in rats of multicomponent antiparasitic Insacar Total C Plus (for dogs) and Insacar Total K Plus (for cats).Materials and methods. The toxicity of the drugs was studied in September-April 2020–2021 at the premises of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV Vivarium. To determine acute oral toxicity, 80 outbred mice weighing 20 g were used, of which 7 test and one control group were formed. The drugs were administered once in a 1 : 3 dilution with polyethylene glycol as a solution through an intragastric tube and an automatic controller. The control animals were intact. After a single administration, the physical condition of the test mice was monitored within 14 days; weight gain, expected clinical toxicity symptoms and possible death were assessed. Before and on days 1, 3, 7, 11 and 14 of the experiment, the test and control mice’s weight gain were evaluated. The toxicity parameters were calculated by the methods of Pershin, Miller and Taintner. In a subchronic experiment, the study drugs were tested on 80 outbred white rats divided into 6 test and 2 control groups. The rats’ coat was also shaved on the back. The solution was applied to the shaved skin area once a day for 7 days at doses of 1,000 mg/kg (0.1 mL/100 g), 500 mg/kg (0.05 mL/100 g) and 200 mg/kg (0.02 mL/100 g) of the animal weight. On day 8 of the experiment, 5 rats from each group were euthanized; their blood samples were taken, and the internal organs were examined. On day 21 of the experiment, the second part of the animals was euthanized to analyze the reversibility of potential pathoanatomical changes after prolonged repeated application of the drug. The results were processed statistically.Results and discussion.The half-lethal dose (LD 50) after oral administration of the drug for dogs to the mice was 2,475 by the Pershin method, and 2,500±388 mg/kg by the Miller and Taintner method. LD50 of the drug for cats when administered into the mice’s stomach was 2,713 by the Pershin method, and 2,650±403 mg/kg by the Miller and Taintner method (hazard class 3). LD 50 when applied to the rats’ skin was more than 10,000 mg/kg (hazard class 4). When applied once to the rats’ skin, the drugs had a slightly irritating eﬀect. In subchronic experiment on the rats with daily drug application on their skin at doses of 1,000 mg/kg, 500 and 200 mg/kg, no negative eﬀects on the general condition or death of the animals were observed during the entire study. Hematological and biochemical parameters of the test rats that were treated with the drug for dogs at a dose of 200 mg/kg, an increased content of lymphocytes up to 83.40% was observed on day 8 of the experiment, and up to 74.20 % in the control; and an increased glucose level up to 6.08±1.23 mmol/L, and up to 4.82±0.70 mmol/L in the control; LDH was up to 766.00±264.19 U/L, and up to 434.80±525.89 U/L in the control.
Morphological pattern of non-diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Mese Meral , Yadigar Serap , Parmaksız Ergün 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of kidney biopsy performed with an appropriate indication to diagnosis and treatment in diabetic patients with nephropathy.
Methods: In this retrospective study 32 type 2 diabetes patients who underwent kidney biopsy in a single center between 2012-2019 were included. Kidney biopsy indications were determined as patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy and with proteinuria above 1 g/day.
Results: Diabetic (DN) and non-diabetic (NDN) nephropathies were diagnosed with renal biopsy. In 14 (43.7%) of 32 patients, NDN was reported in histopathological evaluation. Membranous nephropathy was detected in 4 of these patients, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in the other 4 patients, light chain disease in 2 patients, IgA nephropathy in 2 of the patients, minimal change nephropathy in another patient, and finally AA amyloid in one patient. NDRD seen superimposed on DN (DN + interstitial nephritis and DN + FSGS) was observed in 2 patients. DN was detected in 16 (50%) of 32 type 2 diabetic patients.
Conclusion: Kidney biopsy in patients with type 2 diabetes is an important tool for diagnosing NDN, choosing the right treatment tactics and determining kidney prognosis.
Features of the prevalence of chronic cystitis among adolescents
Authors: Saidakova N. , Startseva L. , Klys A. , Onyskiv O. , Нrodzinkiyy V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The present study aimed to assess the dynamics of the incidence, and prevalence of chronic cystitis in adolescents of both sexes in a comparative regional aspect in Ukraine.
Methods. Data from official statistics for 2013-2017 were used. Incidence and prevalence indicators are presented in a comparative aspect by sex and administrative categories of Ukraine.
Results. It was found that with higher rates among girls, the growth rate of morbidity and prevalence among boys is much higher.
Conclusions. Territorial features have been identified and those that require the primary attention of specialists to make appropriate decisions.
ROBÓTICA EDUCATIVA
Authors: Souto Kelling Cabral , Castro Helena Carla , Delou Cristina Maria Carvalho 
Published: June 2022

Com o advento da Educação 4.0 que se baseia no conceito do aprender fazendo, novas diretrizes educacionais vêm sendo encorajadas, assim como modificações no processo ensino-aprendizagem e na relação professor-aluno. Nesse contexto, o aluno passa a ser protagonista do seu próprio aprendizado e o professor o mediador de circunstâncias e ações que levem a aprendizagem do aluno, com a tecnologia naturalmente envolvida nessas etapas. A metodologia ativa, em especial STEAM, e a robótica educativa surgem como fortes aliados nesse processo, aproximando estudantes das tendências tecnológicas do cotidiano e da filosofia do aprender fazendo. Sensíveis ao discurso de que a escola precisa se adaptar as novas demandas educacionais as autoras, leigas em robótica e em eletrônica, iniciam, por meios próprios, um trabalho com robótica educativa na perspectiva da Educação 4.0, com placa Arduino. Ao longo de seis meses, uma oficina foi implementada com informações obtidas na internet e aplicada a dois grupos de níveis extremos de alunos, com as devidas adaptações, pré-escola (estudantes com Altas Habilidades ou Superdotação) e licenciandos em matemática, num processo de formação docente. A motivação dos alunos e as dificuldades vivenciadas pelas autoras professoras na aquisição de conhecimento mínimo para a implantação da oficina estimularam a elaboração desse guia básico e prático de robótica educativa, com placa Arduino UNO, com linguagem simples, sem preocupação com o rigor técnico e voltado a capacitação de professores, como ponto de partida para estimular a implantação de atividades de ciência e tecnologia nas escolas brasileiras e a filosofia da Educação 4.0.
Екологічне виховання в контексті світоглядної позиції особистості
Authors: Гнілуша Н.В. , Ейвазова У. А. 
Published: June 2022

Важливою умовою переходу сучасного суспільства до збалансованого розвитку є переорієнтація екологічної освіти на формування «відповідальної свідомості» особистості майбутнього. Можливість будувати процес екологічного виховання, який ставить за мету не тільки прививати знання про природу, уміння раціонального природокористування, але й впливати на внутрішній світ особистості, на усвідомлення нею повної гармонії природних і духовних цінностей.
Imagining the Nile: Knowledge-Power Nexus in the 19th Century Anthropocene
Authors: Abazeed Abeer R.Y. , Hafez Yasmine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Nile River has featured prominently in both nationalist memoirs and foreigners' travelogues. This paper explores human interventions in the Nile, not in the physical changes in the landscape but rather in the imagination, discourses and knowledge production of the nineteenth century European and Ottoman Empires. We show how the emergence of the 'modern river' was made possible by two crucial strains of Nile imaginaries and knowledge. The paper examines writings by European travellers and nationalist writing by Egypt's modernist, Alī Mubārak. Through our analysis we show how the Nile was co-constituted by two principal story-telling ventures: European travelogues and Egyptian modernist writing.
أمن الهوية عبر شبكات رأس المال الاجتماعي في مجتمع الإمارات
Authors: Al-Gharbawi Fatima Ahmed , Al-Hourani Mohammed , Al-Medani Khalil 
Published: June 2022

سعت الدراسة للكشف عن أبعاد أمن الهوية عبر شبكات رأس المال الاجتماعي بأحياء إمارة الشارقة، ولتحقيق ذلك تم قياس أبعاد أمن الهوية وقوة حضورها في شبكات رأس المال الاجتماعي، من خلال التركيز على خمسة مكونات لأمن الهوية وهي "أمن المرجعية التجانسية، وأمن التنقل المكاني، والأمن العقائدي الفكري، والأمن الرقابي التناوبي، والأمن الوجداني (العاطفي)" كما شملت عينة الدراسة (421) مفردة من الذكور والإناث من أحياء إمارة الشارقة التالية: "الموافجة، الرحمانية، الزاهية، المنطقة الوسطى (الذيد)، ومن الساحل الشرقي "خورفكان".
وأظهرت النتائج أن رأس المال الاجتماعي ركيزة لأمن الهوية حيث تبين أن شبكة العلاقات في أحياء إمارة الشارقة المقتصرة على وجود المواطنين قوية ويُعاد إنتاجها بشكل مستمر خلافاً للأحياء المختلطة، ومن أبرز أبعاد أمن الهوية الممتدة عبر شبكة العلاقات الاجتماعية في الأحياء التي يقطنها المواطنين الاماراتيين: أولاً: أمن المرجعية التجانسية ويتمثل في" وحدة المظهر، والعادات والتقاليد، والمسؤولية المجتمعية، العلاقات القرابية"، ثانياً: أمن التنقل المكاني المتمثل في "حرية التنقل، وعدم الخوف، وأمن المرافق العامة في الحي"، ثالثاً: الأمن العقائدي الفكري المتمثل في "الانسجام الاجتماعي، الترابط العقائدي في الحي" مع الافتقار للتماثل الفكري بشكل عام، رابعاً: الأمن المنبثق عن الرقابة التناوبية المتمثل في "الكثافة الاجتماعية، والأمن تجاه المشكلات الداخلية" كالسرقة، ومشكلات الخدم"؛ خامساً: الأمن الوجداني المتمثل في "الثقة، والراحة، والإشباع العاطفي"، بالإضافة إلى وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين عدد من المتغيرات الأولية " كالثقة، والمشاركة، والتعاون، والاجتماع المتكر" وبين أبعاد أمن الهوية المختلفة؛ كما يوجد تفاوت لتدرج محاور أمن الهوية باختلاف الحي ومكان الإقامة.
آليات الابتكار والسياسات الاجتماعية في العراق
Authors: Kadhum Mais Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

لقد كانت اغلب الأزمات والتحديات التي يمر بها المجتمع العراقي مركبة وشائكة يصعب السيطرة عليها بالطرق التقليدية وهذا الامر دفع السياسات الاجتماعية العراقية الى السعي جاهدة نحو مواكبة البرامج والسياسات المبتكرة والتي تأخذ على عاتقها تحسين جودة الحياة عن طريق طرح حلول واليات جديدة تقوم على وفق معياري الحداثة و التحسين لتكون أكثر فائدة على هيئة منتج او مشروع او برنامج او منصة ، ولتحقيق ذلك قسم البحث الى جانبين نظري وميداني ، ولقد تم اعتماد منهج البحث الاجتماعي بطريقة العينة عن طريق بناء مقياس مكون من (19) فقرة وببدائل إجابة رباعية ( اتفق تماما ، اتفق ، لا اتفق ، لا اتفق مطلقا ) حيث طبق على عينة قوامها (100) مبحوث من الأكاديميين المتخصصين في علم الاجتماع. ولقد توصل البحث الى عدة استنتاجات أهمها :
1- ان تقليص الفجوة بين السياسات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية قد ينتج عنها فرص جديدة للابتكار الاجتماعي.
2- ان اغلب السياسات الاجتماعية العراقية لم تقدم آليات مبتكرة تدعم عمل شبكات الأمان الاجتماعي وبرامج الشباب والنساء والطفولة والمسنين والفئات الهشة بهدف تحسين أوضاعهم القائمة .
الناقة وحقولها الدلاليَّة في معجم لسان العرب في بنية الوزن (فَعول)
Authors: Badran Loay Omar 
Published: June 2022

تمتاز اللغة العربية بكثرة الحقول الدلالية، كما تمتاز بأنها لغة سياق؛ مما يعني أنها لغة رحبة تحتمل التوسُّع اللغوي بشكل لا تحتمله الكثير من اللغات الأخرى، وانطلاقًا من هذه المميزات للغة العربية جاءت هذه الدراسة لتدلل عليها من خلال اختيار الحقول الدلالية لصفات الناقة في اللغة العربية.
وقد تناولت الدراسة بالتحديد الحقولَ الدلالية لصفات الناقة المؤنثة بغير علامات التأنيث في بنية الوزن (فعول) في لسان العرب ومدى تداوله وتساوقه، والحقل الدلالي الذي يُعبّر عنه معنى ذلك الدال المؤنث، فيتناول مهاد الدراسة مفهوم التأنيث وعلاماته المَقيسة التي قعد لها علماء اللغة المُتقدمون، في حين، يتناول متن الدراسة الحقول الدلالية لمعاني تلك الصفات المؤنثة بغير علامة (غير المَقيسة) وفقَ بنية الوزن (فعول).
أما أهمية الدراسة فتكمُن في اتصاله بالكثير من دروس النحو والصرف لا سيما الممنوع من الصرف وبنية التصغير والجموع وسوى ذلك، كما وتأتي أهميته من أنَّ كثيرًا من متحدثي العربية يخطؤون في توصيف التذكير والتأنيث، لا سيما في الدوال المؤنثة التي لا تعتمد على المؤنث المقيس بعلامة التأنيث، ومن هنا جاءت فكرة هذه الدراسة التي تتناول دلالة بنية الوزن (فعول) التي تتصل بصفات الناقة على وجه الخصوص، ومحاولة تصنيف هذه البنى على وفق حقولها الدلالية الدقيقة.
conformación de los estudios semióticos en las carreras de Letras de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (1987-2010): Notas sobre una semiosis de institucionalización
Authors: Hirschfeld Eric Hernán 
Published: June 2022

Los resultados reunidos en este trabajo representan el primer avance de una investigación en curso en el marco de una beca doctoral CONICET. Dicha investigación tiene por objeto la institucionalización de los estudios semióticos en las carreras de Letras de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, y se inscribe en los resultados del proyecto CAI+D Estudios lingüísticos, literarios y semióticos en Argentina: institucionalización e internacionalización (1945-2010). De este modo, la investigación apunta a reconstruir y analizar el proceso de institucionalización de los estudios semióticos en la carrera de Letras de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) durante el período que abarca los años 1987 y 2013. El marco analítico sobre el cual se desarrolla este trabajo involucra a las categorías de Charles Sanders Peirce como referencia principal para leer la institucionalización en términos de semiosis.
En esta instancia se desarrollarán los puntos claves que edifican al marco teórico así como también la reconstrucción de una etapa significativa del proceso institucional en cuestión. Concretamente, se desarrollará la reconstrucción del primer tramo del Proyecto General de Semiótica entre los años 1987 y 1991.
LEXICAL AND CONTEXTUAL MEANINGS CONTAINED IN RELIGIOUS SONG LYRICS AT QUIVER CENTER ACADEMY (QCA)
Authors: Ponno Fitriani , Rejeki Sari , Taufik Maulana 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to study the theme, lexical and contextual meaning in the lyrics of the songs frequently sung in Quiver Center Academy (QCA) school, located in Gading Serpong, Tangerang city. This research uses descriptive analysis method. The analysis result in the conclusion that noun is the most category word that has lexical and contextual meaning in the songs. The main reason why these words have lexical and contextual meaning is to know the meaning of the song in a deeper way. Moreover, they also support the understanding of the theme in QCA’s are divinity, destiny, integrity, victory, struggle, and dedication.Keyword: theme, lexical meaning, and contextual meaning.
THE COMPONENTS OF SPEECH EVENTS AND THE USAGE OF LANGUAGE VARIATIONS ON THE CENTRAL CHARACTER IN THE FILM THE GREATEST SHOWMAN
Authors: Sasongko Ardhi , Suharyati Henny , Rejeki Sari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract This study discusses the components of events and the use of language variations of the central figure in The Greatest Showman movie (2017). The purpose of this research is to explain how to use speech and the use of language variations of central figures. This study discusses the emergence of speech events and variations in usage on central character. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method with proficient free listening techniques. The results of data analysis show that the speech component always appears for each variety language and there are four languages variations from five different languages. The variety of languages that are often used by central figures is a consultative style, and the variety that is very little used is the formal style and casual style. For the results, it can be concluded that there are 41 variations in the variety of languages found in Michael Gracey's The Greatest Showman movie ; (7) Official variations or variations (Formal); (17) Variations or types of business (Consultative); (7 ) Casual variation or variety, and (8) Intimate variation or variety (Intimate). Of the 41 data found in the film there are 7 formal types with a percentage of 17%, 17 different types of businesses with a percentage of 42%, 7 types of casualties with a percentage of 17% and 10 intimate varieties with a percentage of 20%.Keywords : Sosiolinguistic, components of speech events, language variations, central figure.
PERSONALITY DYNAMICS OF LUCAS IN THE NOVEL MIRACLE ON 5TH AVENUE BY SARAH MORGAN
Authors: Asmanah Ai , Suharyati Henny , Ratih P Shita Dewi 
Published: June 2022

This study examines the personality dynamics of the character, Lucas, in the novel Miracle on 5th Avenue by Sarah Morgan. The purpose of this study are: 1) Describing the character, Lucas, who experienced personality dynamics. 2) Describing the causal factors, the impact on the character and the completion of the personality dynamics of the character Lucas based on the psychoanalysis theory of Sigmund Freud. The presentation methodin this research is qualitative descriptive method, namely data analysis in the form of descriptive literature. The results of the study are described as follows: (1) Lucas is a criminal book writer whose life is suffering from being abandoned by loved ones and work pressures. (2) As a result of the causes of the conditions of his life, the personality dynamics of the character Lucas occur, starting from anxiety, life instincts (eros), and death instincts (thanatos). Anxiety comes when the anxiety and despair that are felt due to being abandoned by his beloved wife give rise to death instincts in the character Lucas to end his life. However, the presence of Eva, the character who is able to change Lucas’s life, dominated his life instincts by the id system in the form of his desire or libido towards Eva and also his efforts to survive for a better life. Keywords: Personality Dynamics, Figure, Psychoanalysis
Analisis Kondisi Sosial Masyarakat Jepang Pada Tahun 1990an dalam Novel Underground
Authors: Darmawan Odie , Rukhyana Budi , Haryati Tatat 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK Penulisan ini membahas tentang kondisi sosial masyarakat Jepang pada tahun 1990an ketika serangan gas kereta bawah tanah Tokyo berlangsung yang terdapat di dalam karya sastra realis Jepang. Karya sastra realis adalah karya sastra yang tidak hanya berperan sebagai cermin yang merefleksikan keadaan sosial, tetapi bisa juga melukiskan suatu kondisi dalam masyarakat secara kritis. Objek penelitian ini adalah kondisi sosial yang berkaitan dengan individualisme yang terdapat pada novel Underground karya Haruki Murakami. Pembahasan lebih berfokus kepada kondisi sosial yang terdapat di dalam novel tersebut. Sumber data pembahasan diambil dari novel Underground karya Haruki Murakami dan novel terjemahannya dalam Bahasa Inggris. Kata kunci: Sosiologi Sastra, Individualisme-Kolektivisme
Analisis Makna Motif Bunga Pada Kimono
Authors: Novelisari Ika , Fitriana Rina , Susanti Helen 
Published: June 2022

Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan membahas mengenai salah satu produk budaya tradisional Jepang yaitu Kimono. Kimono merupakan sebuah produk budaya tradisional Jepang, kimono juga merupakan pakaian nasional Jepang. Filosofi kimono tidak hanya sekedar untuk identitas bangsa atau masyarakatnya, unsur yang menonjol pada kimono yaitu terdapatnya karakter atau corak dari kimono yang sangat unik. Motif bunga pada kimono diambil berdasarkan musim- musim yang sedang berlangsung sepanjang tahun di Jepang. Untuk mengetahui makna pada motif kimono digunakan teori semiotika Roland Barthes. Penelitian ini mengambil berbagai sumber seperti buku teks, akses internet maupun jurnal yang berisi teori-teori yang mendukung penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Kimono, Motif Bunga, Semiotika, Roland Barthes.