bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitationally decoupled anisotropic solution using polytropic EoS in the framework of 5D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Govender M. , Singh Ksh. Newton , Nag Riju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work we explore the characteristics of a polytropic solution for the anisotropic stellar object within the framework of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. We introduce anisotropy via the minimally gravitational decoupling method. The analysis of the exact solution of the governing equation for the gravitational potentials reveals novel features of the compact object. We find that the EGB coupling constant and the decoupling parameter play important roles in enhancing and suppressing the effective density and radial profiles at each interior point of the bounded object. An analysis of the effective tangential pressure reveals a ‘changeover’ in the trends brought about by the EGB and decoupling constants which may be linked to the cracking observed in classical 4D stellar objects proposed by Herrera (Phys Lett A 165:206, 1992).
New Riccati equations for radiating matter
Authors: Naidoo Noeleen , Maharaj Sunil D. , Govinder Keshlan S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe relationship between radiating stars in general relativity and Riccati equations is investigated for a general matter distribution including the electromagnetic field and the cosmological constant. A generalised transformation relating the gravitational potentials for a spherically symmetric relativistic gravitating fluid is introduced. This generates a new Riccati equation at the surface of the radiating star. Exact solutions to the boundary condition are found and the gravitational potentials are given explicitly. Some of the consistency conditions can be reduced to Bernoulli equations which admit exact solutions. We also demonstrate that the reduction of order allows us to write the boundary condition as a first order equation utilising the generalised transformation. Solutions obtained using the generalised transformation also admit a linear equation of state.
Repulsive Casimir force in stationary axisymmetric spacetimes
Authors: De La Hoz-Coronell V. , Gonçalves A. E. , Baldiotti M. C. , Batista R. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the influence of stationary axisymmetric spacetimes on Casimir energy. We consider a massive scalar field and analyze its dependence on the apparatus orientation with respect to the dragging direction associated with such spaces. We show that, for an apparatus orientation not considered before in the literature, the Casimir energy can change its sign, producing a repulsive force. As applications, we analyze two specific metrics: one associated with a linear motion of a cylinder and a circular equatorial motion around a gravitational source described by Kerr geometry.
Non-Gaussian effects of the Saha’s ionization in the early universe
Authors: Sales L. L. , Carvalho F. C. , Bento E. P. , Souza H. T. C. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTsallis’ thermostatistical has received increasing attention due to its success in describing phenomena that manifest unusual thermodynamic properties. In this context, the generalized Saha equation must follow a condition of generalized thermal equilibrium of matter and radiation. The present work aims to explore the non-Gaussian effects on Saha’s ionization via Tsallis statistics. To accomplish this, we generalized the number density taking into account a non-Gaussian Fermi-Dirac distribution and then set out the Saha equation for the cosmological recombination. As a result, we highlight two new non-Gaussian effects: (i) two generalized chemical equilibrium conditions, one for the relativistic regime and the other for the non-relativistic one; and (ii) the hydrogen binding q-energy. We demonstrated that to yield smooth shifts in the binding energy, the a-parameter must be very small. We also showed that binding q-energy exhibits symmetrical behavior around the value of the standard binding energy. Besides, we used the q-energy in order to access other hydrogen energy levels, and we ascertained the values of the a-parameter that access those levels and their relationship to temperature. Finally, we employed these results to examine the non-Gaussian effects of the deuterium bottleneck, recombination, and the particle anti-particle excess.
Longitudinal Assessment of Cardiac Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With COVID‐19 Infections
Authors: Matsubara Daisuke , Chang Joyce , Kauffman Hunter L. , Wang Yan , Nadaraj Sumekala , Patel Chandni , Paridon Stephen M. , Fogel Mark A. , Quartermain Michael D. , Banerjee Anirban 
Published: January 2022

Background
In multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, there is paucity of longitudinal data on cardiac outcomes. We analyzed cardiac outcomes 3 to 4 months after initial presentation using echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods and Results
We included 60 controls and 60 cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Conventional echocardiograms and deformation parameters were analyzed at 4 time points: (1) acute phase (n=60), (2) subacute phase (n=50; median, 3 days after initial echocardiography), (3) 1‐month follow‐up (n=39; median, 22 days), and (4) 3‐ to 4‐month follow‐up (n=25; median, 91 days). Fourteen consecutive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies were reviewed for myocardial edema or fibrosis during subacute (n=5) and follow‐up (n=9) stages. In acute phase, myocardial injury was defined as troponin‐I level ≥0.09 ng/mL (>3 times normal) or brain‐type natriuretic peptide >800 pg/mL. All deformation parameters, including left ventricular global longitudinal strain, peak left atrial strain, longitudinal early diastolic strain rate, and right ventricular free wall strain, recovered quickly within the first week, followed by continued improvement and complete normalization by 3 months. Median time to normalization of both global longitudinal strain and left atrial strain was 6 days (95% CI, 3–9 days). Myocardial injury at presentation (70% of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children cases) did not affect short‐term outcomes. Four patients (7%) had small coronary aneurysms at presentation, all of which resolved. Only 1 of 9 patients had residual edema but no fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusions
Our short‐term study suggests that functional recovery and coronary outcomes are good in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Use of sensitive deformation parameters provides further reassurance that there is no persistent subclinical dysfunction after 3 months.
Chronic Covert Brain Infarctions and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients With Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, and Stroke Mimic
Authors: Epstein Alessandra , Schilter Marina , Vynckier Jan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Mujanovic Adnan , Scutelnic Adrian , Beyeler Morin , Belachew Nebiyat Filate , Grunder Lorenz , Arnold Marcel , Seiffge David Julian , Jung Simon , Fischer Urs , Meinel Thomas Raphael 
Published: January 2022

Background
This study was conducted to compare frequencies of chronic brain infarctions (CBIs) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) as well as their associations with established early recurrence risk scores in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke mimics compared with ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

Single‐center cohort study including consecutive patients with TIA, stroke mimics, and acute ischemic stroke, with available magnetic resonance imaging from January 2015 to December 2017. Blinded raters adjudicated WMH (age‐related white matter changes score) and CBI according to established definitions. A total of 2112 patients (median [Q1–Q3] age 71 [59–80] years, 43% women, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 2 [1–7], 80% ischemic stroke, 18% TIA, 2% stroke mimics) were included. While CBIs were present in only 10% of patients with stroke mimic, they were detected in 28% of TIAs and 38% of ischemic strokes (
P
<0.001). WMHs were less pronounced (0, 0–1) in patients with stroke mimic, but there was no difference between TIA (1, 1–2) and ischemic stroke (0, 1–2) patients. CBIs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.9) were associated with a lower rate of stroke mimic as the final diagnosis, while WMHs were not (adjusted odds ratio per point, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7–2.2). WMH (β per point, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3–0.6) and presence of CBI (β, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3–0.9) were associated with a higher cardiovascular risk profile according to the ABCD3‐I score. The accuracy of prediction was good for high‐risk TIA (cross‐validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–0.93) on the basis of brain imaging, age, and sex.

Conclusions
CBI and WMH differ between patients with stroke mimic and patients with TIA/ischemic stroke and are closely associated with established recurrence risk scores. Prospective studies need to clarify whether including brain frailty markers may contribute to the refinement of current management algorithms and risk stratifications.
Rhinoplasty in a 3 Week Old: Surgical Challenges in the Setting of Severe Congenital Frontonasal Dysplasia
Authors: Lopez Alexis , Lyle Daniel A. , Brennan Tara E. , Bennett Erica 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Congenital frontonasal dysplasia (CFND) is a rare heterogeneous collection of facial deformities. Due to the range of complexity, surgical management is not standardized. Methods: We present a severe case of CFND and approach to managing multiple defects with a focus on rhinoplasty. Results: This infant was born full term with a large mass instead of a nose, a bilateral cleft lip and palate, and hypertelorbitism. Our primary concerns initially were to address communication with the intracranial cavity, preserve a nasal lining, and improve nasal appearance and airway function in the short term without interfering with subsequent rhinoplasty and adult nasal appearance. Conclusions: This complex case of CFND is more severe than anything we encountered in our literature review and demonstrates the necessity for multidisciplinary approach to multiple craniofacial defects. Future plans for this patient include rhinoplasty with auricular graft, scar revision, and addressing tip support.
Tympanostomy Tubes: Are They Necessary? A Systematic Review on Implementation in Cleft Care
Authors: Stanton Eloise , Kondra Katelyn , Brahme Indraneel , Lasky Sasha , Munabi Naikhoba C.O. , Jimenez Christian , Jacob Laya , Urata Mark M. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A. , Magee William P. 
Published: January 2022

Objective To understand the indication for and the effects of early ventilation tube insertion (VTI) on hearing and speech for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). Design We conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-guided systematic review of relevant literature. Setting Setting varied by geographical location and level of clinical care across studies. Patients, Participants Patients with CLP who underwent VTI were included. Interventions No interventions were performed. Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary outcome measures were hearing and speech following VTI. Secondary outcome measures were tube-related and middle ear complications. Early VTI occurred before or at time of palatoplasty while late VTI occurred after palatoplasty. Results Twenty-three articles met inclusion criteria. Articles varied among study design, outcome measures, sample size, follow-up, and quality. Few studies demonstrated support for early VTI. Many studies reported no difference in hearing or speech between early and late VTI. Others reported worse outcomes, greater likelihood of complications, or needing repeat VTI following early tympanostomy placement. Several studies had significant limitations, including confounding variables, small sample size, or not reporting on our primary outcome. Conclusions No consistency was found regarding which patients would benefit most from early VTI. Given the aforementioned variability and sub-optimal methodologies, additional studies are warranted to provide stronger evidence regarding VTI timing in cleft care.
Morphology of the Occipital Bones and Foramen Magnum Resulting From Premature Minor Suture Fusion in Crouzon Syndrome
Authors: Layton Ryan G. , Pontier Joshua F. , Bins Griffin P. , Sucher Brandon J. , Runyan Christopher M. 
Published: January 2022

To identify skull-base growth patterns in Crouzon syndrome, we hypothesized premature minor suture fusion restricts occipital bone development, secondarily limiting foramen magnum expansion. Skull-base suture closure degree and cephalometric measurements were retrospectively studied using preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and multiple linear regression analysis. Evaluation of multi-institutional CT images and 3D reconstructions from Wake Forest’s Craniofacial Imaging Database (WFCID). Sixty preoperative patients with Crouzon syndrome under 12 years-old were selected from WFCID. The control group included 60 age- and sex-matched patients without craniosynostosis or prior craniofacial surgery. None 2D and 3D cephalometric measurements. 3D volumetric evaluation of the basioccipital, exo-occipital, and supraoccipital bones revealed decreased growth in Crouzon syndrome, attributed solely to premature minor suture fusion. Spheno-occipital (β = −398.75; P < .05) and petrous-occipital (β = −727.5; P < .001) suture fusion reduced growth of the basioccipital bone; lambdoid suture (β = −14 723.1; P < .001) and occipitomastoid synchondrosis (β = −16 419.3; P < .001) fusion reduced growth of the supraoccipital bone; and petrous-occipital suture (β = −673.3; P < .001), anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis (β = −368.47; P < .05), and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis (β = −6261.42; P < .01) fusion reduced growth of the exo-occipital bone. Foramen magnum morphology is restricted in Crouzon syndrome but not directly caused by early suture fusion. Premature minor suture fusion restricts the volume of developing occipital bones providing a plausible mechanism for observed foramen magnum anomalies.
Disparities in Timing of Alveolar Bone Grafting and Dental Reconstruction in Patients With Clefts
Authors: Badiee Ryan K. , Yang Stephen C. , Alcon Andre , Weeks Andrew C. , Rosenbluth Glenn , Pomerantz Jason H. 
Published: January 2022

This study sought to identify disparities in the timing of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) surgery and the replacement strategy for missing maxillary lateral incisors for patients with clefts. A retrospective record review identified patients who underwent ABG. Multivariable regression analyzed the independent contribution of each variable. This institutional study was performed at the University of California, San Francisco. Patients who presented under age 12 and underwent secondary ABG between 2012 and 2020 (n = 160). The age at secondary ABG and the recommended dental replacement treatment for each patient, either dental implantation or canine substitution. The average age at ABG was 10.8 ± 2.1 years, 106 (66.3%) patients were not White, and 80 (50.0%) had private insurance. Independent predictors of older age at ABG included an income below $ 50 000 as estimated from ZIP code (β = 15.0 months, 95% CI, 5.7-24.3, P = .002) and identifying as a race other than White (β = 10.1 months, 95% CI, 2.1-18.0, P = .01). After ABG, patients were more likely to undergo dental implantation over canine substitution if they were female (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3, 95% CI, 1.3-17.1, P = .02) or had private insurance (OR = 12.5, 95% CI, 2.2-143.2, P = .01). Patients who were low-income or not White experienced delays in ABG, whereas dental implantation was more likely to be recommended for patients with private insurance. Understanding the sources of disparities in dental reconstruction of cleft deformities may reveal opportunities to improve equity.
A Feasibility Study on the Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Pulmonary Embolism Using Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Granholm Fredrik , Bylund Dan , Shevchenko Ganna , Lind Sara B. , Henriksson Anders E. 
Published: January 2022

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common emergency with a high morbidity and mortality. Most clinical presentations are non-specific and there is a lack of suitable biomarkers for PE. For example, the traditional D-dimer tests shows a rather high sensitivity for PE, but yet a rather low positive predictive value due to its lack of specificity. Research on novel biomarkers for PE is thus of interest to improve early diagnostics and reduce the number of unnecessary computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) scans performed. In this study we evaluate the feasibility to use label-free quantitative proteomics to discover potential biomarkers for acute PE and to monitor changes in proteins levels in PE patients over time. Blood was collected from 8 patients with CTPA verified PE and from 8 patients presenting with same symptoms but with a negative CTPA. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and thirteen protein concentrations were found to be significantly changed in PE patients compared to the CTPA negative controls. This exploratory study shows that proteomic analysis can be used to identify potential biomarkers for PE as well as to monitor changes of protein levels over time. The complement proteins play a part in PE but further studies are needed to clarify their specific role in the pathophysiological process and to look for more specific proteins.
Cytogenetic guided therapy using blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin in a patient with relapse/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ohana Zahava , Serraes Samantha , Elder Christopher , Katusa Nikolina 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive cancer that requires intense chemotherapy and has a high rate of recurrence. Treatments of Relapse/Refractory (R/R) B-cell ALL are limited. Blinatumomab, a bispecific T-cell engager (CD19/CD3) monocolonal antibody, and Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, an anti-CD22 antibody conjugate, are current recommended options. Case Report To describe a R/R B-cell ALL patient who failed blinatumomab therapy. Subsequently she received inotuzumab ozogamicin achieving a complete response. Management & Outcome Our patient was initially treated with CALGB 10403 regimen but did not achieve a complete response. Blinatumomab was given for relapse/refractory disease however she had an incomplete response despite having 100% expression in CD19 markers. Consequently, she received inotuzumab ozogamicin attributable to 70% expression of CD22. She responded with a complete response and transitioned to a successful hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Discussion There is limited clinical guidance on the preferred treatment of adult R/R B-Cell ALL. Currently, there are no randomized head-to-head trials comparing efficacy of blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin. Clinical patterns of blinatumomab resistance has been reported. Our case study remains unclear of why our patient had unsuccessful outcomes with blinatumomab regardless of having CD19 positivity of 100%. Future prospective analysis and comparative studies are needed to determine proper sequencing of these therapies.
Infantile Parotid Hemangioma With Diagnostic Dilemma: A Case Report
Authors: Abidi Kamel T , Kamal Naglaa M , Althobaiti Khaled A , Althobaiti Sami D , Halabi Yasser A , Alalyani Saad A 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are uncommon in children; hemangiomas are one of them. We report a case of infantile hemangioma of the parotid gland which posed a diagnostic dilemma. Patients and Methods: Four-month-old infant presented with swelling at the parotid gland region, which was progressively increasing. There was a diagnostic dilemma with initial misdiagnosis as acute parotitis. Imaging studies with ultrasonography and CT with contrast were requested. Results: Imaging studies revealed hyperintense lobulated mass suggestive of parotid hemangioma. Vascular consultation recommended conservative management with follow-up after 3 months. On follow-up, there was an increase in mass size, and propranolol was started. Swelling showed a good response on the next follow-up visit and is still on medical management. Conclusion: Parotid hemangiomas frequently pose a diagnostic dilemma, but the typical noninflammatory nature of the swelling and radiological evaluation confirms the diagnosis.
Production and comprehension of grammatical gender by Spanish heritage speakers: Evidence from accusative clitic pronouns
Authors: Martinez-Nieto Lourdes , Adelaida Restrepo Maria 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study investigates (a) the accuracy of Heritage Speakers (HSs) in production and comprehension of Spanish clitic pronouns when compared to monolingual children, (b) the differences in error patterns between groups, and (c) the possible asymmetry in production and comprehension in gender clitics. Methodology: The participants included six groups, a group of Spanish-HS divided into three age groups, PreKinder, 3rd-Grade, and Adults, and a group of Spanish-monolinguals of the same ages. Agreement data were obtained using a cloze-format task for production and a picture selection task for comprehension. Data and Analysis: The results compared accuracy and response time scores between HSs and monolingual speakers, between age groups, and target gender using a 2 × 3 multivariable analysis of variance. Findings: Children in the HS-group scored lower in accuracy than the monolingual children, but Adult-HS performed at the same level as Adult-Monolinguals. HSs, but not monolinguals, overused the masculine form. Production and comprehension scores showed an asymmetrical development in which speakers are better at clitic production than comprehension. Gender clitic agreement is a difficult aspect at age 4, even in monolingual contexts. Originality: The potential contribution of this study is twofold. First, it contributes to the continuing debate on the development of HSs’ grammar by comparing comprehension and production data of monolinguals and HSs, matched for age. Second, it provides evidence of high rates of gender agreement in Adult-HSs. Significance: Grammatical gender is a vulnerable aspect of Spanish-HS grammar, but it is not an incompletely acquired representation. Results support a dissociation between production and comprehension of gender clitic.