bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AC-70-154, A Gummy Stem Blight-resistant Muskmelon Breeding Line
Authors: Norton J. D. , Cosper R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diseases, particularly gummy stem blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm], downy mildew [Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk, and Curt.) Rostow], and powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht) Poll], are major factors limiting production of muskmelon in the southern United States (Anonymous, 1962; Chiu, 1948; Ellis, 1951; Norton and Prasad, 1965; Prasad and Norton, 1967; Winstead et al., 1960). Severe economic losses have been reported in the field, in transit, and in storage. Although satisfactory control of gummy stem blight (GSB), downy mildew (DM), and powdery mildew (PM) may be accomplished with the proper application of organic fungicides during normal weather conditions, chemical control is not effective during periods of high humidity and rainfall. Furthermore, only three cultivars—Chilton, Gulfcoast, and AU-rora-are reported to be resistant to GSB (Norton, 1971; Norton, 1972; Norton et al., 1985). The discovery that plant introduction 140471 had a high level of resistance to GSB (Sowell et al., 1966) led to the initiation of an Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station muskmelon breeding program to develop multiple disease-resistant breeding lines with high yields of excellent-quality fruit (Norton and Prasad, 1965; Prasad and Norton, 1967).
‘Ozark Pink’ VF Tomato
Authors: McFerran J. , Goode M. J. , Scott S. J. , Montgomery F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Ozark Pink’ VF is an indeterminate, pink-fruited tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) developed at the Univ. of Arkansas to replace ‘Traveler 76’ (2), which is susceptible to verticillium wilt. ‘Ozark Pink’ provides the excellent flavor quality of traditional Arkansas pink tomatoes with improved fruit size and disease resistance over ‘Traveler 76’. Fruits also are larger and firmer than ‘VF Pink’ (3), which was grown primarily in southeastern Arkansas. ‘Ozark Pink’ is adapted to stake culture and vine-ripe harvest for local market, shipping short distances and for home gardens throughout Arkansas and the Ozark Mountain area. Pink cultivars remain the most popular type sold as bedding plants and at roadside stands in Arkansas, although part of the commercial acreage now grows red-fruited cultivars.
Rootstock Effect on Foliar Nutrient Concentrations of ‘Redhaven’ Peach Trees
Authors: Brown Susan K. , Cummins James N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar nutrient concentrations of ‘Redhaven’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] on its own roots and budded on eight rootstocks [vegetatively propagated GF 655-2, ‘Damas’ (GF 1869), ‘Amandier’ (GF 677), and ‘Citation’, and seedlings of ‘Hal-ford’, ‘Lovell’, ‘Bailey’, and ‘Siberian C’] were analyzed for two seasons. Rootstocks selected for calcareous soils (‘Amandier’, ‘Damas’, and GF 655-2) were the most efficient in accumulation of nutrients other than Mg and B, for which they were the least efficient. For N and P, the levels of foliar nutrients were within proposed sufficiency ranges, regardless of the rootstock. Foliar levels of K and Zn were below the sufficiency range for all rootstocks tested. Differences among rootstocks were most evident in the foliar levels of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, and Cu. Rootstock had a small but significant effect on the foliar nutrient concentration.
Irrigation, Fertilization, and Polyethylene Covers Influence Bud Development in Prickly Pear
Authors: Nerd Avinoam , Karady Avraham , Mizrahi Yosef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the aim of inducing early cropping, the effects of irrigation, fertilization, and polyethylene covering on bud emergence were studied in a 1-year-old plantation of prickly pear (Opuntia fucus-indica Mill.) established on sandy soil in the western Negev desert of Israel. Interruption of either irrigation and fertilization (N, P, K) or of irrigation in winter reduced the number of floral buds per plant and slightly delayed their emergence when compared to plants receiving continuous irrigation and fertilization. Polyethylene covering placed over the plants from mid-February to the end of March induced early floral bud emergence associated with early flowering, but was accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of floral buds per plant.
Fruit Morphology of Red Raspberry and Its Relationship to Fruit Strength
Authors: Robbins JoAnn , Sjulin Thomas M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Morphological characteristics of whole red raspberry fruit (weight, density), drupelets (height, diameter, number), receptacle cavities (depth, diameter), and pits (individual weight) were measured three times in 1983 on five cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and three times in 1984 on 10 cultivars. Fruit strength, measured by compression and cohesion, was also recorded. Across all genotypes, compression and cohesion measurements were highly correlated with fruit weight, drupelet height and number, receptacle cavity depth, and individual pit weight. Drupelet height, drupelet number, receptacle cavity depth and width, and individual pit weight provided the largest component contribution to both cohesive strength and compression strength by path analysis.
Vole Population Shifts Related to Rodenticide Usage
Authors: Byers R. E. , Carbaugh D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rodenticides applied in an apple orchard and containing zinc phosphide caused a shift in mixed pine (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow (M. pennyslvanicus) vole populations to more pine voles. The anticogulant, chlorophacinone (Rozol-pelleted formulation, CPN) caused a shift to more meadow voles. A lacquered wheat formulation of CPN was as effective as the Rozol-pelleted formulation when broadcast or hand-placed under shingles and appeared to weather better than Rozol. Cholecalciferol (Quintox-pelleted formulation) and one of the zinc phosphide (Ridall-pelleted formulation) formulations were not effective rodenticides. Chemicals used: 2-(p-chlorophenyl) phenylacetyl [-1,3-indanione [Rozol 0.005% chlorophacinone (CPN)]; 3-[3-(4’-bromo[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-y)-3-hydroxy-l-phenylpropyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one [Maki 0.005% Bromodialone (BDL)]; cholecalciferol [Quintox 0.075% Vitamin D3 (vit D3)]; Zn3P2 pellet zinc phosphide [ZP Rodent Bait AG —2%, W-ZP Rodent Bait AG Zinc phosphide (ZnP)].
Modeling Stem Elongation of Easter Lilies Grown Under Various Production Schemes
Authors: Hammer P. Allen , Hopper Douglas A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Regression analysis of the height of ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ over time was used to develop prediction equations of Easter lily height (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.). Case-cooled (cooled before planting) and controlled-temperature-forced (cooled following planting) bulbs that received 6 or 7 weeks of cooling required different equations to predict height. Case-cooled bulbs precooled 6 weeks required 7.4 and 6.1 weeks of forcing for shoots to reach 50% of their final height for ‘Nellie White’ and ‘Ace’, respectively. Controlled-temperature-forced bulbs precooled 6 weeks required 11.1 and 9.0 weeks of forcing for shoots to reach 50% of their final height for ‘Nellie White’ and ‘Ace’, respectively. The equations provide a baseline of lily elongation over time.
Preemergence Weed Control in Statice
Authors: Gilreath James P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Preemergence herbicides for weed control in field-grown statice [Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill.], applied pretransplant, with a second posttransplant application over the top of the crop before flowering, were evaluated. DCPA, oxadiazon, and oxyfluorfen generally provided safe, efficacious weed control in the first experiment (1984) and were further evaluated in the second experiment (1985), wherein crop vigor and yield were not reduced. Control of most weeds was good with DCPA, oxadiazon, and oxyfluorfen; however, crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control with oxyfluorfen was inconsistent in both experiments and decreased late in the season. Chemical names used: dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzene-dicarboxylate (DCPA); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (oxyfluorfen).
Establishment of Kentucky Bluegrass Sod Following Application of Herbicides
Authors: Reicher Z. J. , Christians N. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of several preemergence herbicides and of fenoxaprop, a postemergence herbicide, on establishment of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod. Fenoxaprop was applied at 0.20 and 0.40 kg·ha-1 28 and 14 days before sod harvest and 14 and 28 days after sod laying. Three preemergence herbicides, bensulide at 8.43 kg·ha-1, DCPA at 11.80 kg·ha-1, and pendimethalin at 1.69 kg·ha-1, were applied over the top of the freshly laid sod. All applications of fenoxaprop at 0.40 kg·ha-1 were phytotoxic by 14 days after application 8 weeks after sod laying in 1986. Fenoxaprop at 0.28 (1987 only) and 0.40 kg·ha-1 caused phytotoxicity on three of the four application dates, and fenoxaprop at 0.20 kg·ha-1 discolored the turf when applied 14 days before sod harvest. None of the treatments affected rooting 4 or 8 weeks after sod laying in 1987. Chemical names used: 0,(0-bis(1-methylethyl)-S-[2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl]phosphorodithioate (bensulide); dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA); (±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl) oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid (fenoxaprop); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).
‘McIntosh’ Apples do Not Benefit from Low-ethylene Controlled-atmosphere Storage
Authors: Lau O. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘McIntosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) held at 1.5C in a high–C2H4 (374 µl·liter−1), 2.2% O2 + 3.0% CO2 atmosphere were seldom softer than fruit held in a low-C2H4 (1.7 µl·liter−1) atmosphere with the same levels of O2 and CO2. Scrubbing of C2H4 is not cost-effective in maintaining dessert quality of ‘McIntosh’ apples in commercial controlled-atmosphere storage.
Isozymes and General Proteins from Various Watermelon Cultivars and Tissue Types
Authors: Biles C. L. , Martyn R. D. , Wilson H. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Xylem fluid and cotyledon, stem, and leaf tissue of eight watermelon [Citrullus lanatus Thunb. (Matsum. and Nakai)] cultivars differentially suspectible to races 0, 1, and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, (E.F. Sm.) Synd. and Hans., causal agent of fusarium wilt, were assayed for general proteins and specific enzymes using SDS and IEF-PAGE and starch gel electrophoresis (SGE). SGE detected no variant isozymes among the watermelon cultivars in the six enzyme systems examined (GOT, MDH, PGI, IDH, PGM, PER); however, electrophoretic variants between tissue types were observed. Cotyledon tissue expressed an additional peroxidase band not seen in stem tissue. When xylem fluid samples were applied to IEF and SDS-PAGE and silver-stained, variant protein banding patterns were observed between the cultivars. The fusarium wilt-susceptible cultivar Black Diamond lacked the protein bands at pI = 5.1, 5.2, and 5.6 that were present in other cultivars. In addition, wilt-resistant ‘Dixielee’ possessed a differential band at pI = 6.0. We believe this to be the first report of electrophoretic differences among commercial watermelon cultivars.
Ultrastructural Morphology of ‘Nonpareil’ Almond Pollen
Authors: Mulas M. , Agabbio M. , Nieddu G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The stability of some morphological and biometric characteristics of ‘Nonpareil’ almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus Batsch.] pollen was evaluated to determine its usefulness in distinguishing among different cultivars. The influence of rootstock, irrigation, geographical location, and year on pollen grain size and pollen ultrastructural microsculpture was followed. No parameter was influenced by irrigation or rootstock, but grain size and pore diameter class distribution were significantly different for the years and localities studied.
In Vitro Culture of Guayule Using Pretreated Seeds
Authors: Finnie Jeffrey F. , Ackermann Christa , van Staden Johannes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Multiple shoot and callus formation was achieved with pretreated guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) seeds using a Murashige and Skoog basal medium. With BA, only shoots developed; NAA stimulated rooting. As guayule plants display a high degree of apomixis, this technique provides an ideal system for genetic manipulation. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyI)-1H-purin-6-amine (benzyladenine, BA); 2-(1-naphthyl)acetic acid (NAA).
Inheritance Patterns for Juice Vesicle Branching in the Citrinae (Aurantioideae)
Authors: Tisserat Brent , Roose Mikeal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some Citrus spp. and cultivars exhibit juice vesicle branching. In this study, we determined that the branching trait is inheritable. The mode of inheritance of this trait was analyzed in progenies from various 2x × 2x and 2x × 4x citrus crosses. No consistent model for inheritance of branching has been found, although some crosses do suggest simple inheritance. We found that if one parent is a pummelo, even if this parent does not exhibit the branching trait itself, branching may be inherited by a substantial portion of the progeny, suggesting that more than one locus is involved in this trait.
Increased Cellulase Activity during Blackberry Fruit Ripening
Authors: Abeles Fred B. , Takeda Fumiomi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The two enzymes frequently associated with fruit softening and cell wall degradation during ripening are polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) (Huber, 1983). The work reported here provides evidence that, using a viscometric assay, cellulase, but not polygalacturonase, activity increased during the ripening of blackberries.
Gibberellic Acid Influences Petiole Characteristics and Postharvest Quality of Fresh-market Spinach
Authors: Johnson Jon R. , Rushing James W. , McGuinn Janice R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) increases stem elongation and results in more upright growth habit of several crops, including spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) (3, 4). Treatment of spinach grown for processing and fresh market with GA3 increased yield and upright growth habit (1, 2). Gibberellic acid has not been evaluated for use on spinach grown in the southeastern United States for the prepackaged fresh market. The objectives of these studies were to determine the influence of GA3 rate on plant growth, yield, and post-harvest quality of prepackaged spinach
‘Choctaw’ Blackberry
Authors: Moore James N. , Clark John R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Choctaw’ is the fifth in a series of erect-growing, high-quality, productive blackberry cultivars developed in the breeding program of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Previous releases from this program are ‘Comanche’ and ‘Cherokee’ in 1974 (Moore et al., 1974a, 1974b), ‘Cheyenne’ in 1977 (Moore et al., 1977), and ‘Shawnee’ in 1984 (Moore et al., 1985). ‘Choctaw’ ripens its fruit earlier in the season than the previous cultivars, thus extending the blackberry fruiting season.
Iriet—A New Avocado Cultivar
Authors: Lahav E. , Lavi U. , Zamet D. , Degani C. , Gazit S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Iriet’ (previously 12–15) is the name given to an avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seedling selected in a breeding project conducted at the Akko Experiment Station in Western Galilee, Israel (Lahav et al., 1985). One of the objectives was to find a late cultivar, similar to ‘Hass’, but with larger fruit. In Spring 1973, ‘Hass’ trees were caged with beehives. The progeny fruits were harvested in Winter 1974 and seedlings were planted in Spring 1975. ‘Iriet’ was selected as the best cultivar from this population.
‘Jersey Queen’, a Cloned Cultivar of Asparagus
Authors: Howard Ellison J. , Kinelski John J. , Garrison Stephen A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus plants are highly variable in yield, disease resistance, and most other plant characteristics because of the dioecious nature of the species. It is common for the highest-yielding plants in an open-pollinated cultivar of asparagus to yield 10 times more than other plants (Ellison et al., 1960). This kind of variability offers an opportunity to select superior plants for cloning. ‘Jersey Queen’ is such a female, previously identified and tested as Md 10.
Phony Disease Influences Peach Leaf Characteristics
Authors: Evert D. R. , Smittle D. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Midshoot peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] leaves were collected in 1984 and 1985 from phony-diseased [presumably infected with Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.)] and healthy trees of several cultivars at intervals during the summer. Leaves were evaluated for specific chlorophyll content, specific leaf weight, and color (lightness, hue, and saturation). The darker green of diseased trees reported previously could not be attributed to the quantitative changes in the leaf characteristics measured in this study. Midshoot leaves from diseased trees were more yellow and less green than midshoot leaves from healthy trees.
Excised-shoot Assay for Tolerance of Peach to Leucostoma persoonii
Authors: Chang L. S. , Iezzoni A. F. , Adams G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dormant, excised shoot segments from peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] seedlings previously identified as tolerant, intermediate, or susceptible to Leucostoma persoonii were evaluated for longitudinal canker necrotic length after incubation in contact with a culture of L. persoonii growing on clarified oatmeal agar. The differences in seedling canker necrotic lengths were significant and corresponded with field ratings of disease susceptibility. Seedling Yennoh 1-39 and NJ672017002 1-8 were the most tolerant, whereas Loring 14-20 and Elberta 8-25 were the most susceptible. The excised-shoot assay is sufficiently quick, reliable, and related to field disease reaction to be used as a screening procedure in the breeding of peach cultivars tolerant to L. persoonii.
Combining Ability among Inbred Onions for Resistance to Fusarium Basal Rot
Authors: Krueger S. K. , Weinman A. A. , Gabelman W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seven inbred onion (Allium cepa L.) lines representing a range of responses for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. emend. Snyd. and Hans. f. sp. cepae, the causal agent of fusarium basal rot, were mated in a complete diallel. The resultant inbred, F1, and reciprocal F1 progenies were evaluated for resistance in a greenhouse seedling test. Mean squares for general combining ability, specific combining ability, and reciprocal effects for resistance to fusarium basal rot were significant (P = 0.000). The parent with the highest general combining ability for resistance was W404, particularly when used as a seed parent. Reciprocal differences were significant in several hybrid combinations. The greenhouse screening procedure is described.
Initiating Rhizomes of Lowbush Blueberry with the Cytokinin 2iP
Authors: Gates Judy C. , Smaglila John M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cytokinin N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1-4-purine-6-amine (2iP) has been used to proliferate explants of Ericaceous spp. in vitro (2, 3, 6); these explants often have a rhizomatous growth habit. (4, 6). The studies described here were designed to determine the effects of 2iP on rhizome development of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) seedlings and rooted cuttings to aid in enhancing plant cover and yield (5, 7).
A Repository for Sweet Potato Germplasm
Authors: Jarret Robert L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recognition of the genetic vulnerability of sweet potato in the United States, a formal resolution to support the establishment of a repository for sweet potato germplasm was presented at the 1978 annual meeting of the Sweet Potato Collaborators Workgroup. This was followed, in 1980, by the convening of an ad hoc working group in Charleston, S.C., where the need for and the objectives of a clonal repository were discussed at length (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, 1981). The principal recommendations of this working group were the designation of a U.S. clonal repository for conservation of sweet potato germplasm, the designation of the National Seed Storage Laboratory (NSSL) as a repository for botanical seed of lpomoea batatas L. (Lam.) and related species, and a recognition of the need for improved quarantine procedures, including those for virus assay and elimination. These recommendations are in accord with the needs and objectives of other national and international sweet potato research programs as identified at a recent planning conference in Lima, Peru (International Potato Center, 1988).
Soil Mulches Influence Reproductive and Vegetative Growth of ‘Fern’ and ‘Tristar’ Day-neutral Strawberries
Authors: Fear Carlos D. , Nonnecke Gail R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil mulches (clear, white, or white-on-black polyethylene or straw) were evaluated for their effects on growth and development of day-neutral ‘Fern’ and ‘Tristar’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Plants mulched with straw or white-on-black polyethylene flowered and yielded more than plants mulched with clear or white polyethylene. Conversely, more crowns per plant, runners per plot, and greater leaf, crown, and root dry weights were associated with plants mulched with clear polyethylene than with those mulched with straw or white-on-black polyethylene. In midsummer, late-afternoon soil temperatures were highest under clear followed by white, white-on-black, and straw mulches. The results suggest that flowering is most profuse and vegetative growth least when day-neutral cultivars are grown on mulches that moderate soil temperatures.
Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrogen Effects on Growth of Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass
Authors: Eggens J. L. , Wright C. P. M. , Carey Ken 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. ‘Emerald’, ‘Penncross’, ‘Penneagle’, ‘Prominent’, and ‘Seaside’) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), a weed, were grown in pot culture in silica sand and supplied with nutrient solutions in which 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the N (210 mg·liter−1) was and the remainder was . Growth rate, as measured by new leaves and tillers, and final size, as measured by leaf width, leaf number, tiller number, and cover, were significantly different among species and cultivars and among N ratios. All species/cultivars produced their best growth with some mixture of and . Annual bluegrass grew better in high- conditions, while the bentgrass cultivars grew as well or better in high conditions. There were significant differences among the bentgrass cultivars in their sensitivity to N source, with ‘Penncross’ being the most sensitive and ‘Seaside’ the least.
Fresh Conifer Bark Reduces Root-knot Nematode Galling of Greenhouse Tomatoes
Authors: McGrady John J. , Cotter Donald J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fresh and aged conifer barks on galling by the root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) (Chitwood)] on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) roots. Fresh bark (stored at sawmill) exhibited significant nematicidal activity (reduced galling) when used as a medium component [50% or 75% with sand (v/v)]. Galling on tomatoes grown in aged bark (used as a culturing medium for tomatoes for 5 years) was extensive. When 10% or 20% fresh conifer bark was mixed into beds, galling was less extensive on tomato roots than on roots from tomatoes grown in an unamended medium. The nematicidal property of conifer bark diminished during long-term use. Increases in medium pH, which occurred during continuous cropping, could have contributed to the reduced nematicidal activity with time.