bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histria, Romania
Authors: Owens E. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHistria (Istros) was the first Greek colony on the west coast of the Black Sea. It grew rapidly and became one of the most important and prosperous Greek cities in the region; and it remained prosperous into the late Roman period. It was sacked on several occasions. There was progressive silting of the coastline from the Hellenistic period onward, and the city was eventually cut off from the sea. After almost fourteen hundred years of continuous occupation, the city was abandoned in the early seventh centuryce,after attacks by Avars and Slavs.
Retina‐Inspired Self‐Powered Artificial Optoelectronic Synapses with Selective Detection in Organic Asymmetric Heterojunctions
Authors: Hao Ziqian , Wang Hengyuan , Jiang Sai , Qian Jun , Xu Xin , Li Yating , Pei Mengjiao , Zhang Bowen , Guo Jianhang , Zhao Huijuan , Chen Jiaming , Tong Yunfang , Wang Jianpu , Wang Xinran , Shi Yi , Li Yun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe retina, the most crucial unit of the human visual perception system, combines sensing with wavelength selectivity and signal preprocessing. Incorporating energy conversion into these superior neurobiological features to generate core visual signals directly from incoming light under various conditions is essential for artificial optoelectronic synapses to emulate biological processing in the real retina. Herein, self‐powered optoelectronic synapses that can selectively detect and preprocess the ultraviolet (UV) light are presented, which benefit from high‐quality organic asymmetric heterojunctions with ultrathin molecular semiconducting crystalline films, intrinsic heterogeneous interfaces, and typical photovoltaic properties. These devices exhibit diverse synaptic behaviors, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and high‐pass filtering characteristics, which successfully reproduce the unique connectivity among sensory neurons. These zero‐power optical‐sensing synaptic operations further facilitate a demonstration of image sharpening. Additionally, the charge transfer at the heterojunction interface can be modulated by tuning the gate voltage to achieve multispectral sensing ranging from the UV to near‐infrared region. Therefore, this work sheds new light on more advanced retinomorphic visual systems in the post‐Moore era.
Intelligent SERS Navigation System Guiding Brain Tumor Surgery by Intraoperatively Delineating the Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Jin Ziyi , Yue Qi , Duan Wenjia , Sui An , Zhao Botao , Deng Yinhui , Zhai Yuting , Zhang Yuwen , Sun Tao , Zhang Guang‐Ping , Han Limei , Mao Ying , Yu Jinhua , Zhang Xiao‐Yong , Li Cong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSurgeons face challenges in intraoperatively defining margin of brain tumors due to its infiltrative nature. Extracellular acidosis caused by metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is a reliable marker for tumor infiltrative regions. Although the acidic margin‐guided surgery shows promise in improving surgical prognosis, its clinical transition is delayed by having the exogenous probes approved by the drug supervision authority. Here, an intelligent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) navigation system delineating glioma acidic margins without administration of exogenous probes is reported. With assistance of this system, the metabolites at the tumor cutting edges can be nondestructively transferred within a water droplet to a SERS chip with pH sensitivity. Homemade deep learning model automatically processes the Raman spectra collected from the SERS chip and delineates the pH map of tumor resection bed with increased speed. Acidity correlated cancer cell density and proliferation level are demonstrated in tumor cutting edges of animal models and excised tissues from glioma patients. The overall survival of animal models post the SERS system guided surgery is significantly increased in comparison to the conventional strategy used in clinical practice. This SERS system holds the promise in accelerating clinical transition of acidic margin‐guided surgery for solid tumors with infiltrative nature.
Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran Based Polymer Donor for High‐Efficiency (>16%) and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Duan Xiaopeng , Liang Zezhou , Yan Lihe , Yang Yinuo , Qiao Jiawei , Hao Xiaotao , Zhang Chen , Zhang Jie , Li Yan , Huang Fei , Sun Yanming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular design of polymer donors is of vital importance for obtaining high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). At present, much of the important progress in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) achieved for OSCs has been associated with the benzodithiophene (BDT)‐based polymers, while the highest PCE of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran (BDF) polymer‐based OSCs only reaches 14.0%. Here, a polymer donor named PBDF‐NS is designed and synthesized by using naphthalene‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran as the electron‐sufficient units and fluorinated benzotriazole (BTz) as the electron‐deficient units. PBDF‐NS possesses a low‐lying HOMO level of −5.44 eV and a wide bandgap of 1.87 eV. When using LC301 as the acceptor, PBDF‐NS‐based OSC exhibits an excellent PCE of 15.24%. Moreover, the ternary and all‐polymer devices based on PBDF‐NS both achieve a higher PCE over 16%, which represents the highest efficiency values reported for BDF polymer‐based OSCs in the literature thus far. Meanwhile, the binary and ternary devices all display excellent storage and light‐soaking stabilities. The results demonstrate that by rational molecular design, BDF‐based copolymers can be comparable to or even surpass the performance of BDT‐based counterparts and also show great potential for realizing high‐efficiency all‐polymer solar cells.
Analyzing and visualizing morphological features using machine learning techniques and non‐big data: A case study of macaque mandibles
Authors: Morita Takashi , Ito Tsuyoshi , Koda Hiroki , Wakamori Hikaru , Nishimura Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesMorphometrics has played essential roles in the comprehension of biological variation and the evolution of morphological phenotypes. This approach usually imposes strict requirements on data, such as rigid alignment of subjects, and the collection and manual preprocessing of data meeting these requirements are often time consuming. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is developing and it potentially reduces this load, but they usually presuppose the availability of “big data” for successful learning, beyond the empirically plausible amount in biological studies. Here, we propose a deep learning‐based analysis of three‐dimensional data.Materials and MethodsWe built a deep learning‐based analysis of three‐dimensional morphological data that does not require strict alignment or an implausible sample size. We benchmarked the proposed method by case studying sex classification of macaques, referring to computed tomography scans of their mandible.ResultsThe model learned from just 139 mandible specimens of Japanese macaques and successfully generalized the learned classification to previously unseen specimens of the same species and even other species of macaques. Moreover, we visualized those characteristic regions in the data that the model used during sex classification and showed that they were consistent with the criteria used by human experts.DiscussionOur analysis does not require rigidly aligned data, so can effectively use data collected in previous studies with different focus/aims. This proposed AI method can potentially help researchers to discover new morphological features of different species and other biological groups. Implementation of this proposed AI system will be available to other researchers for further investigation.
Relationship between in‐hospital mortality and abdominal angiography among patients with blunt liver injuries: a propensity score‐matching from a nationwide trauma registry of Japan
Authors: Ishida Kenichiro , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Hirose Tomoya , Ojima Masahiro , Nakao Shunichiro , Tachino Jotaro , Umemura Yutaka , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Matsuyama Tasuku , Noda Tomohiro , Kiyohara Kosuke , Shimazu Takeshi , Ohnishi Mitsuo 
Published: January 2022

AimTo assess relationships between abdominal angiography and outcomes in adults with blunt liver injuries.MethodsA retrospective observational study carried out from January 2004 to December 2018. Adult blunt‐trauma patients with AAST grade Ⅲ–Ⅴ were analyzed with in‐hospital mortality as the primary outcome using propensity‐score‐(PS) matching to seek associations with abdominal angiography findings.ResultsA total of 1,821 patients were included, of which 854 had available abdominal angiography data (AA+) and 967 did not (AA−). From these, 562 patients were selected from each group by propensity score matching. In‐hospital mortality was found to be lower in the AA+ than in the AA− group (15.1% [87/562] versus 25.4% [143/562]; odds ratio 0.544, 95% confidence interval 0.398–0.739).ConclusionAbdominal angiography is shown to be of benefit for adult patients with blunt liver injury in terms of their lower in‐hospital mortality.
Auxiliary Mode Mediated Coherent and Complex Couplings in a Cavity Magnonic System
Authors: Hu Ming‐Wen , Yu Weichao , Wang Yi‐Pu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoherent and dissipative couplings are discovered in hybrid systems, which are frequently shown as the level repulsion and level attraction between the coupled modes, respectively. The coherent coupling can come from the direct dipole–dipole interaction or resonance‐mediated virtual photon exchange. The dissipative coupling originates from the bath‐induced cooperative damping effect. The interplay between these two couplings gives rise to complex coupling, contributing to novel phenomena and applications. In this work, it is studied how coherent and complex couplings can be readily realized and manipulated in a three‐mode cavity magnonic system. The three‐mode system consists of a two‐port cavity, a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere (magnon mode), and a split‐ring resonator (auxiliary mode). A tunable split‐ring resonator mediates the coupling between the cavity mode and magnon mode. The coupling effect is theoretically analyzed by solving the steady‐state equation combined with numerical simulation. By adjusting several system parameters, the coherent and complex couplings mediated by the auxiliary mode are revealed. The study paves the way toward exploiting resonance‐ and dissipation‐induced couplings in hybrid systems.
Ein übersehener Reaktionsweg bei 1,3‐dipolaren Cycloadditionen von Diazoalkanen mit Enaminen
Authors: Li Le , Mayer Peter , Stephenson David S. , Ofial Armin R. , Mayer Robert J. , Mayr Herbert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethyldiazoacetat reagiert mit 1‐(N‐Pyrrolidino)‐cycloalkenen sowohl zu Produkten aus 1,3‐dipolaren Cycloadditionen als auch aus Azokupplungen. Die Kinetik und der Mechanismus dieser Reaktionen wurden durch NMR‐Spektroskopie und DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht. Die beiden orthogonalen π‐Systeme in 1,3‐Dipolen vom Propargyl‐Allenyl Typ ermöglichen zwei getrennte Reaktionswege für (3+2)‐Cycloadditionen. Der üblicherweise betrachtete konzertierte Reaktionsweg wird durch die Wechselwirkung des Enamin‐HOMOs mit dem niedrigsten unbesetzten Orbital des Heteropropargylanion‐Fragments (LUMO+1) von Methyldiazoacetat, erklärt. Wir zeigen nun, dass HOMO/LUMO(π*N=N)‐Wechselwirkungen zwischen Enaminen und Methyldiazoacetat bisher nicht beachtete Reaktionswege stufenweiser Cycloadditionen über zwitterionische Intermediate ermöglichen. Nach DFT‐Rechnungen sind deren Barrieren in CHCl3 um 40 kJ mol−1 niedriger als für den konzertierten Reaktionsweg.
An Overlooked Pathway in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Diazoalkanes with Enamines
Authors: Li Le , Mayer Peter , Stephenson David S. , Ofial Armin R. , Mayer Robert J. , Mayr Herbert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethyl diazoacetate reacts with 1‐(N‐pyrrolidino)cycloalkenes to give products of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions and azo couplings. The kinetics and mechanisms of these reactions were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Orthogonal π‐systems in the 1,3‐dipoles of the propargyl‐allenyl type allow for two separate reaction pathways for the (3+2)‐cycloadditions. The commonly considered concerted pathway is rationalized by the interaction of the enamine HOMO with LUMO+1, the lowest unoccupied orbital of the heteropropargyl anion fragment of methyl diazoacetate. We show that HOMO/LUMO(π*N=N) interactions between enamines and methyl diazoacetate open a previously unrecognized reaction path for stepwise cycloadditions through zwitterionic intermediates with barriers approximately 40 kJ mol−1 lower in energy in CHCl3 (DFT calculations) than for the concerted path.
Polyurethane/multi‐walled carbon nanotube electrospun composite membrane for oil/water separation
Authors: Juraij Kandiyil , Chingakham Chinglenthoiba , Manaf Olongal , Sagitha Paroly , Suni Vasudevan , Sajith Vandana , Sujith Athiyanathil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSuperoleophilic and high‐strength electrospun membranes are promising materials for oil/water separation applications. Here we report the fabrication of a mechanically robust, hydrophobic polyurethane/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (PU/MWCNT) electrospun composite membrane for gravity‐driven oil/water separation. Various electrospun composite membranes with different MWCNT loadings were developed. Spinning parameters such as polymer concentration, solvent ratio, applied voltage, flow rate, and working distance were systematically optimized. The incorporation of MWCNT has increased the thermal stability, hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, and dye adsorption capacity of the PU membrane. The optimized composite fibrous membrane (PU/0.2‐MWCNT) exhibited a percentage elongation of 502%. All the PU/MWCNT composite membranes were found to be superoleophilic in nature. The optimized composite membrane showed the highest oil sorption capacity and lab‐scale oil flux of 14.21–24.07 gg−1 and 425.44 Lm−2 h−1, respectively. In the oil sorption process, all electrospun membranes were fitted to a pseudo second‐order kinetic model. Furthermore, electrospun composite membranes could adsorb toxic dye (Methylene blue) from the oil–water mixture. The PU/MWCNT composite membrane could be a potential candidate for oil/water separation applications.
Influence of co‐neutralization by sodium and zinc on the ethylene ionomer structure and properties
Authors: Nagayama Kei , Morris Barry A. , Matsuba Go , Nakata Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the properties and structure of poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomers co‐neutralized by zinc and sodium, and compares them with ionomers neutralized by a single metal: zinc (EMAA‐Zn) and sodium (EMAA‐Na). The bending stiffness and the degree of crystallization for the co‐neutralized ionomer (Na:Zn = ~1:1 on a molar basis) gives 16.5% and 9.8% increase compared to the simple average of their single cation counterparts. Such unusual properties are seen in mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties and water uptake rate in this study. Infrared spectra of the co‐neutralized ionomer shows changes at the carboxylate antisymmetric stretching band, which correspond to the formation of carboxylates bridging zinc and sodium ions. X‐ray scattering identified that the number density of ionic multiplets for the co‐neutralized ionomers are equivalent to EMAA‐Na and ~ 1.7 times higher than EMAA‐Zn. The fraction of side groups forming ionic multiplets, β, in co‐neutralized ionomers were 0.7–0.8, close to EMAA‐Na (1.0) and higher than EMAA‐Zn (0.3), indicating that sodium promote zinc to form ionic multiplets. The synergistic properties induced by co‐neutralization are ascribed not only to a formation of new ionic multiplets where both cations are included but also to the change in the number density of ionic multiplets.
Assessing detergent‐mediated virus inactivation, protein stability, and impurity clearance in biologics downstream processes
Authors: Feroz Hasin , Chennamsetty Naresh , Byers Sara , Holstein Melissa , Li Zheng J. , Ghose Sanchayita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDetergent‐mediated virus inactivation (VI) provides a valuable orthogonal strategy for viral clearance in mammalian processes, in particular for next‐generation continuous manufacturing. Furthermore, there exists an industry‐wide need to replace the conventionally employed detergent Triton X‐100 with eco‐friendly alternatives. However, given Triton X‐100 has been the gold standard for VI due its minimal impact on protein stability and high inactivation efficacy, inactivation by other eco‐friendly detergents and its impact on protein stability is not well understood. In this study, the sugar‐based detergent commonly used in membrane protein purification, n‐dodecyl‐β‐
d‐maltoside was found to be a promising alternative for VI. We investigated a panel of detergents to compare the relative VI efficacy, impact on therapeutic quality attributes, and clearance of the VI agent and other impurities through subsequent chromatographic steps. Detergent‐mediated inactivation and protein stability showed comparable trends to low pH inactivation. Using experimental and modeling data, we found detergent‐mediated product aggregation and its kinetics to be driven by extrinsic factors such as detergent and protein concentration. Detergent‐mediated aggregation was also impacted by an initial aggregation level as well as intrinsic factors such as the protein sequence and detergent hydrophobicity, and critical micelle concentration. Knowledge gained here on factors driving product stability and VI provides valuable insight to design, standardize, and optimize conditions (concentration and duration of inactivation) for screening of detergent‐mediated VI.
Dissipation and gas chromatographic method for the determination of profenofos residues in/on green pea and cucumber
Authors: Wani Ashraf A. , Dar Alamgir A. , Jan Ishrat , Mukhtar Malik , Sofi Khurshid A. , Hassan G. I. , Sofi Javid A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein we report a novel, accurate and cost‐effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of profenofos on green pea and cucumber following good agricultural practices. Additionally the risk assessment, dissipation and waiting period for profenofos were determined. The average initial deposits (2 h after spraying) of profenofos in/on green pea and cucumber were 3.41 and 3.62 mg kg−1 respectively following two applications at a 10 day interval of profenofos 50EC formulation. Profenofos residues on both of the substrates were below the detection limit of 0.05 mg kg−1 after 20 days at the recommended dosage. For risk assessment studies, the 20th day will be safe for consumers for consumption of green peas. The gas chromatography method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines using the various analytical parameters: linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable and can be extended for profenofos‐based standardization of pesticide formulations for green pea/cucumber and their use as pesticides.
A fibrin targeted molecular imaging evaluation of microvascular no‐reflow in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Jing , Ge Liang , Lu Gang , Wan Hailin , Jiang Yeqing , Yao Zhenwei , Deng Gang , Zhang Xiaolong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between fibrin deposition and “no‐reflow” within microcirculation after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Materials and methodsExperiments were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. An experimental AIS model was induced in C57BL/6 mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) via the photothrombotic method. Mice were randomly assigned to non‐thrombolytic or thrombolytic treated groups (n = 12 per group). The modified Neurological Severity Score and Fast Beam Balance Test were performed by a researcher blinded to the treatment method. MRI was utilized to evaluate all of the mice. An FXIIIa‐targeted probe was applied to detect fibrin deposition in acute ischemic brain regions by fluorescence imaging. Necrosis and pathological changes of brain tissue were estimated via Hematoxylin and eosin staining while fibrin deposition was observed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThrombolytic therapy improved AIS clinical symptoms. The infarct area of non‐thrombolytic treated mice was significantly greater than that of the thrombolytic treated mice (p < .0001). Fluorescent imaging indicated fibrin deposition in ischemic brain tissue in both groups, with less fibrin in non‐thrombolytic treated mice than thrombolytic treated mice, though the difference was not significant. Brain cells with abnormal morphology, necrosis, and liquefication were observed in the infarcted area for both groups. Clotted red blood cells (RBCs) and fibrin build‐up in capillaries were found near the ischemic area in both non‐thrombolytic and thrombolytic treated groups of mice.ConclusionFibrin deposition and stacked RBCs contribute to microcirculation no‐reflow in AIS after thrombolytic therapy.
Climate change commitment, credit risk and the country's environmental performance: Empirical evidence from a sample of international banks
Authors: Birindelli Giuliana , Bonanno Graziella , Dell'Atti Stefano , Iannuzzi Antonia Patrizia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses whether banks with a greater commitment to climate change issues, proxied by the climate change score from the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), experience an impact on their credit risk and whether this relationship is moderated by the environmental performance of the country where the bank is located. For these purposes, a panel data analysis is carried out on a large sample of international listed banks over the period 2011–2019. Our findings suggest that the commitment to climate issues lowers the risk level of bank loans when banks have a medium‐high level of attention to these issues. The country location of the bank does play a key role: In countries with better environmental performance, credit risk reduction takes place at lower levels of climate change commitment. This study provides important implications for the actions that bank managers, regulators and practitioners can enact.
Cleanliness and prejudice in times of pandemic
Authors: Passini Stefano , Speltini Giuseppina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to restrictions in our contact with others and the introduction of social distancing barriers. These rules can enhance the psychological mechanisms resulting from fear of contamination and may lead to exacerbating prejudiced attitudes towards certain social groups seen as possible carriers of infection. Fear of infection and ideas about cleanliness and dirtiness have indeed historically and culturally influenced the way we interact with other people, both on an inter‐personal and inter‐group level. The aim of the present research is to analyse whether the concern about COVID‐19 is linked to prejudices towards other social groups and whether this relationship is mediated by individual representations of cleanliness. Results on 251 Italian citizens showed that concerns about COVID‐19 are positively related to prejudicial attitudes towards immigrants and that such a relation is indeed mediated by so‐called cultural representations of cleanliness. Specifically, the so‐called cultural representations of hygiene—by which people and groups are categorized as being more or less civilized on the basis of their cleaning practices—was a significant mediator. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.