bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between dyspnoea and related factors in patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Matsuda Yoshinobu , Hasuo Hideaki , Narita Keiichi , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Morita Ryo , Kiuchi Daisuke , Ikari Tomoo , Hori Tetsuo , Okazaki Koya , Sakai Kiyohiro , Aiki Sayo , Okabayashi Hiroko , Oyamada Shunsuke , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Tokoro Akihiro , Fukunaga Mikihiko 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesDyspnoea is a common and distressing symptom in patients with cancer. We aimed to analyse the association between dyspnoea and related factors and to estimate their causal relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients with cancer with dyspnoea and a mean Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of ≥3 over 24 hours were enrolled at 10 institutions in Japan from December 2019 to February 2021. The outcomes included dyspnoea, cough and pain NRS over 24 hours, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Somatosensory Amplification Scale, opioids for dyspnoea and respiratory failure. Path analyses were conducted to estimate the direct and indirect paths with reference to dyspnoea and related factors.ResultsA total of 209 patients were enrolled and 208 patients were included in the analysis. Cough worsened dyspnoea (β=0.136), dyspnoea increased emotional distress (β=1.104), emotional distress increased somatosensory amplification (β=0.249) and somatosensory amplification worsened cough (β=0.053) according to path analysis.ConclusionThere may be a vicious circle among dyspnoea and related factors: cough worsened dyspnoea, dyspnoea increased emotional distress, emotional distress increased somatosensory amplification and somatosensory amplification worsened cough. When treating dyspnoea in patients with cancer, managing these factors aimed at interrupting this vicious circle may be useful.Trial registration numberUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000038820).
Inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: palliative interventions outcomes – mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Patterson Michael , Greenley Sarah , Ma Yangmyung , Bullock Alex , Curry Jordan , Smithson Jacquelyn , Lind Michael , Johnson Miriam J 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) and palliative venting gastrostomies (PVG) are two interventions used clinically to manage inoperable malignant bowel obstruction (MBO); however, little is known about their role in clinical and quality-of-life outcomes to inform clinical decision making.AimTo examine the impact of PN and PVG on clinical and quality-of-life outcomes in inoperable MBO.DesignA mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis.Data sourcesThe following databases were searched (from inception to 29 April 2021): MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Health Technology Assessment and CareSearch for qualitative or quantitative studies of MBO, and PN or PVG. Titles, abstracts and papers were independently screened and quality appraised.ResultsA total of 47 studies representing 3538 participants were included. Current evidence cannot tell us whether these interventions improve MBO survival, but this was a firm belief by patients and clinicians informing their decision. Both interventions appear to allow patients valuable time at home. PVG provides relief from nausea and vomiting. Both interventions improve quality of life but not without significant burdens. Nutritional and performance status may be maintained or improved with PN.ConclusionPN and PVG seem to allow valuable time at home. We found no conclusive evidence to show either intervention prolonged survival, due to the lack of randomised controlled trials that have to date not been performed due to concerns about equipoise. Well-designed studies regarding survival for both interventions are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020164170.
Onset-to-treatment time and aneurysmal regression predict improvement of cranial neuropathy after flow diversion treatment in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery aneurysms
Authors: Akiyama Ryo , Ishii Akira , Kikuchi Takayuki , Okawa Masakazu , Yamao Yukihiro , Abekura Yu , Ono Isao , Sasaki Natsuhi , Tsuji Hirofumi , Imamura Hirotoshi , Hatano Taketo , Sakai Nobuyuki , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAlthough flow diversion plays a pivotal role in treating internal carotid artery aneurysms presenting with cranial neuropathy, predictors of symptom improvement have not been established.ObjectiveTo investigate improvement of symptoms after flow diversion treatment in patients with internal carotid artery aneurysms causing cranial neuropathy, with sufficient follow-up period. Additionally, to examine factors associated with improvement of symptoms.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study examined patients with unruptured internal carotid artery aneurysms presenting with cranial neuropathy who were treated using flow diversion and followed up for at least 12 months. Study outcomes were transient worsening of symptoms and symptom status 12 months after treatment. Patient and aneurysm characteristics were statistically analyzed.ResultsSeventy-seven patients were included. Data needed for outcome analysis were available for 66 patients. At the 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-month, and last follow-ups, the proportion of patients with resolved or improved symptoms was 26% (20/77), 51% (39/77), 74% (57/77), 83% (64/77), and 79%(62/77), respectively. Symptom onset-to-treatment time <6 months (OR=24.2; 95% CI 3.09 to 188.84; p=0.002) and aneurysmal regression (OR=23.1; 95% CI 1.97 to 271.75; p=0.012) were significantly associated with symptom improvement. Transient symptom worsening and worse symptoms at 12 months occurred in 19/77 (25%) and 2/77 (3%) patients, respectively.ConclusionsThe rate of cranial neuropathy symptom improvement after flow diversion increased over the first 12 months after treatment, but not thereafter. Treatment within 6 months of symptom onset and aneurysmal regression were predictors of symptom improvement.
Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab treatment in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: 2-year results from COAST
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Kiltz Uta , Deodhar Atul , Tomita Tetsuya , Dougados Maxime , Bolce Rebecca , Sandoval David , Lin Chen-Yen , Walsh Jessica 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo study the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab (IXE) in patients with radiographic (r-) and non-radiographic (nr-)axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) for up to 116 weeks.MethodsCOAST-Y (NCT03129100) is the 2-year extension study following COAST-V, COAST-W and COAST-X. Patients were treated with either 80 mg IXE every 4 weeks or 2 weeks, as assigned in the originating studies. Efficacy was assessed in all participants continuously treated with IXE through week 116 and in subgroups based on disease subtype and dosing. Missing data were handled by non-responder imputation for categorical variables and modified baseline observation carried forward for continuous variables. Safety data were analysed in all patients having received ≥1 IXE dose.ResultsOf 932 patients who received ≥1 IXE dose, 773 enrolled in COAST-Y (82.9%); 665 of which (86.0%) completed week 116. Of 352 continuously treated patients, the proportion achieving Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS40) at week 52 was 51.4%, which increased to 56.0% at week 116. The proportion of patients achieving ASAS40 at week 116 was 64.9% and 57.7% for biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD)-naïve patients with r-axSpA and nr-axSpA, respectively, and 47.0% for TNFi-experienced patients. The proportion of patients achieving Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score <2.1 through week 116 was 57.0% and 52.9% for bDMARD-naïve patients with r-axSpA and nr-axSpA, respectively, and 33.6% for TNFi-experienced patients. Incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events and serious adverse events were consistent with previous reports.ConclusionIXE treatment led to sustained long-term improvements in patients with axSpA, with similar efficacy for r-axSpA and nr-axSpA, and for patients receiving the approved every 4 weeks dose. The safety profile of IXE was consistent with previous reports. No new safety signals were identified.
On quasinormal modes in 4D black hole solutions in the model with anisotropic fluid
Authors: Bolokhov S. V. , Ivashchuk V. D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider a family of four-dimensional black hole solutions from Dehnen et al. (Grav Cosmol 9:153arXiv:gr-qc/0211049, 2003) governed by natural number$$q= 1, 2, 3 , \dots $$q=1,2,3,⋯, which appear in the model with anisotropic fluid and the equations of state:$$p_r = -\rho (2q-1)^{-1}$$pr=-ρ(2q-1)-1,$$p_t = - p_r$$pt=-pr, where$$p_r$$prand$$p_t$$ptare pressures in radial and transverse directions, respectively, and$$\rho > 0$$ρ>0is the density. These equations of state obey weak, strong and dominant energy conditions. For$$q = 1$$q=1the metric of the solution coincides with that of the Reissner–Nordström one. The global structure of solutions is outlined, giving rise to Carter–Penrose diagram of Reissner–Nordström or Schwarzschild types for odd$$q = 2k + 1$$q=2k+1or even$$q = 2k$$q=2k, respectively. Certain physical parameters corresponding to BH solutions (gravitational mass, PPN parameters, Hawking temperature and entropy) are calculated. We obtain and analyse the quasinormal modes for a test massless scalar field in the eikonal approximation. For limiting case$$q = + \infty $$q=+∞, they coincide with the well-known results for the Schwarzschild solution. We show that the Hod conjecture which connect the Hawking temperature and the damping rate is obeyed for all$$q \ge 2$$q≥2and all (allowed) values of parameters.
Deep Learning in Sentiment Analysis: Recent Architectures
Authors: Abdullah Tariq , Ahmet Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Humans are increasingly integrated with devices that enable the collection of vast unstructured opinionated data. Accurately analysing subjective information from this data is the task of sentiment analysis (an actively researched area in NLP). Deep learning provides a diverse selection of architectures to model sentiment analysis tasks and has surpassed other machine learning methods as the foremast approach for performing sentiment analysis tasks. Recent developments in deep learning architectures represent a shift away from Recurrent and Convolutional neural networks and the increasing adoption of Transformer language models. Utilising pre-trained Transformer language models to transfer knowledge to downstream tasks has been a breakthrough in NLP.This survey applies a task-oriented taxonomy to recent trends in architectures with a focus on the theory, design and implementation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only survey to cover state-of-the-art Transformer-based language models and their performance on the most widely used benchmark datasets. This survey paper provides a discussion of the open challenges in NLP and sentiment analysis. The survey covers five years from 1st July 2017 to 1st July 2022.
Bridging Classical and Quantum with SDP initialized warm-starts for QAOA
Authors: Tate Reuben , Farhadi Majid , Herold Creston , Mohler Greg , Gupta Swati 
Published: July 2022

We study the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in the context of theMax-Cutproblem. Noisy quantum devices are only able to accurately executeQAOAat low circuit depths, while classically-challenging problem instances may call for a relatively high circuit-depth. This is due to the need to build correlations between reachable pairs of vertices in potentially large graphs [16]. To enhance the solving power of low-depth QAOA, we introduce a classical pre-processing step that initializesQAOAwith a biased superposition of possible cuts in the graph, referred to as awarm-start. In particular, we initializeQAOAwith a solution to a low-rank semidefinite programming relaxation of theMax-Cutproblem. Our experimental results show that this variant ofQAOA, calledQAOA-warm, is able to outperform standardQAOAon lower circuit depths in solution quality and training time. While this improvement is partly due to the classical warm-start, we find strong evidence of further improvement using QAOA circuit at small depth. We provide experimental evidence of improved performance as well as theoretical properties of the proposed framework.
Demiurge: A Music of Babel
Authors: Trillo Roberto Alonso , Poliks Marek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The authors explore the unfinished, attempting a fragmentary and blurred snapshot of an ongoing research project on the musical application of generative adversarial networks, entitled Demiurge. The project was initiated in July 2020 as a collaboration between an international team of interdisciplinary artists and researchers led by Marek Poliks (instrument design) and Roberto Alonso Trillo (violin). In keeping with its namesake, Demiurge asks questions about creation, specifically in the era of machine learning, and works to formalize a new creative process endemic to and natural within a world of machine collaborators.
Remediated Sites: The Lumen Prize Virtual Gallery as Site of Memory and Digital Assemblage
Authors: Gingrich Oliver , Callus Paula 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, new spaces for archives, creative representation, and display created novel ways of accessing, experiencing, and cataloging media art. Leonardo’s Lumen Prize 2020 exhibition offers a third space between virtual exhibition as a site of memory and an archive of knowledge and artistic production—a place of digital assemblage. Bolter and Grusin’s remediation theory sheds light on the many visual strategies employed by the artists and designers of The Lumen Prize 2020 exhibition. The authors discuss pertinent questions of immediacy and hypermediacy coexperience, and accessibility in generating this site of memory.
The Evolving Investment Regulatory Landscape in Tanzania: A Quest for a New Legal Regime
Authors: Mwakaje Saudin J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The legal and regulatory framework on investment in Tanzania has been evolving and influenced by precipitating internal and external factors. Since independence, investment policies and laws have been frequently adjusted to embrace the political ideologies of the regime in power, a major change being a shift from state-controlled to liberal economic policies. Consequent to such changes, Tanzania has had statutory changes on investments with varying regulatory set ups and objectives. This paper interrogates the historical evolution of the investment laws in Tanzania by pointing out the driving forces at each epoch of changes. It posits that in view of changing national and regional contexts, the investment legislation should be reoriented to capture the emerging dynamics. It highlights a regulatory conundrum arising from duality of regulatory regimes in Tanzania and the recent legislative reforms such as those on sovereignty over natural resources which contain legal obligations which contradict the framework of the national investment legislation and bilateral investment treaties (BITs). The paper argues that the ever-changing investment laws creates uncertainties and uncertainties to investors and thus is due for a wholesome review in order to address the existing regulatory controversies.
Oscillation/Coincidence-Detection Models of Reward-Related Timing in Corticostriatal Circuits
Authors: Yin Bin , Shi Zhuanghua , Wang Yaxin , Meck Warren H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The major tenets of beat-frequency/coincidence-detection models of reward-related timing are reviewed in light of recent behavioral and neurobiological findings. This includes the emphasis on a core timing network embedded in the motor system that is comprised of a corticothalamic-basal ganglia circuit. Therein, a central hub provides timing pulses (i.e., predictive signals) to the entire brain, including a set of distributed satellite regions in the cerebellum, cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus that are selectively engaged in timing in a manner that is more dependent upon the specific sensory, behavioral, and contextual requirements of the task. Oscillation/coincidence-detection models also emphasize the importance of a tuned ‘perception’ learning and memory system whereby target durations are detected by striatal networks of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) through the coincidental activation of different neural populations, typically utilizing patterns of oscillatory input from the cortex and thalamus or derivations thereof (e.g., population coding) as a time base. The measure of success of beat-frequency/coincidence-detection accounts, such as the Striatal Beat-Frequency model of reward-related timing (SBF), is their ability to accommodate new experimental findings while maintaining their original framework, thereby making testable experimental predictions concerning diagnosis and treatment of issues related to a variety of dopamine-dependent basal ganglia disorders, including Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease.
Use of a Novel Multimodal Imaging Technique to Model In Vivo Quadriceps Force and ACL Strain During Dynamic Activity
Authors: Englander Zoë A. , Foody Jacqueline N. , Cutcliffe Hattie C. , Wittstein Jocelyn R. , Spritzer Charles E. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Quadriceps loading of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) may play a role in the noncontact mechanism of ACL injury. Musculoskeletal modeling techniques are used to estimate the intrinsic force of the quadriceps acting at the knee joint. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this paper was to develop a novel musculoskeletal model of in vivo quadriceps force during dynamic activity. We used the model to estimate quadriceps force in relation to ACL strain during a single-leg jump. We hypothesized that quadriceps loading of the ACL would reach a local maximum before initial ground contact with the knee positioned in extension. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Six male participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging in addition to high-speed biplanar radiography during a single-leg jump. Three-dimensional models of the knee joint, including the femur, tibia, patellofemoral cartilage surfaces, and attachment-site footprints of the patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and ACL, were created from the magnetic resonance imaging scans. The bone models were registered to the biplanar radiographs, thereby reproducing the positions of the knee joint at the time of radiographic imaging. The magnitude of quadriceps force was determined for each knee position based on a 3-dimensional balance of the forces and moments of the patellar tendon and the patellofemoral cartilage contact acting on the patella. Knee kinematics and ACL strain were determined for each knee position. Results: A local maximum in average quadriceps force of approximately 6500 N (8.4× body weight) occurred before initial ground contact. ACL strain increased concurrently with quadriceps force when the knee was positioned in extension. Conclusion: This novel participant-specific modeling technique provides estimates of in vivo quadriceps force during physiologic dynamic loading. A local maximum in quadriceps force before initial ground contact may tension the ACL when the knee is positioned in extension. Clinical Relevance: These data contribute to understanding noncontact ACL injury mechanisms and the potential role of quadriceps activation in these injuries.
The Vascularization Course of Labral Autograft and Its Effect on Tissue Healing: Acetabular Labral Augmentation Versus Labral Reconstruction in a Porcine Model
Authors: Su Tiao , Ao Yunong , Yang Liu , Chen Guang-xing 
Published: July 2022

Background: The preservation of the native labral vascularization is assumed to be the potential advantage of acetabular labral augmentation, the effect of which remains unknown. Purpose: To identify the vascular distribution within the labral autograft and its effect on the healing process between labral augmentation (AUG) and reconstruction (RECON) in a porcine model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 36 pigs randomly underwent unilateral labral augmentation or reconstruction (AUG group, n = 18; RECON group, n = 18). The pigs were randomly sacrificed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. The labral autografts were harvested for macroscopic evaluation and histologic assessment. The labral autograft was zoned into 2 halves to observe the vascular distribution: the capsular half (zone I) and the articular half (zone II). Each zone was divided into 2 parts: the peripheral part (IA and IIA) and the part attached to the acetabulum (IB and IIB). Results: At 6 weeks, there existed more vascular ingrowth in zone I, whereas zone IIB appeared nearly avascular in both groups. At 12 weeks, the area with the greatest vascularity was zone II in the RECON group and zone IA in the AUG group. The vascularity was concentrated at zones IA and IIA in both groups at 24 weeks. The labral autografts were hypertrophic with sufficient filling of the labral defect in both groups at 6 weeks. At 12 weeks, an insufficient volume of the articular half was observed in 3 of 6 labral autografts in the RECON group, while all autografts remained well integrated with the chondrolabral junction in the AUG group. At 24 weeks, unsatisfactory merging of the labral autograft with the cartilage at the articular side was found in 2 of 6 labral autografts in the RECON group, which was not observed in the AUG group despite the sufficient volume of autografts labrum in both groups. Conclusion: Slow vascular ingrowth within the articular half might account for the poor healing of the reconstructed labral autograft. Labral augmentation provides the possibility of better tissue healing because of the preservation of the original chondrolabral junction compared with labral reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Labral augmentation might be a feasible alternative to labral reconstruction under the condition of viable labral remnants.
Metabolic and clinical profiles of young people with mood or psychotic disorders who are prescribed metformin in an inpatient setting
Authors: Wilson Chloe , Carpenter Joanne , Park Shinho , McHugh Catherine , Scott Elizabeth M , Hickie Ian B 
Published: July 2022

Objective Youth with early-onset mood or psychotic disorders are occasionally prescribed metformin to manage cardiometabolic risk. This retrospective study explores the demographic, clinical and metabolic factors associated with metformin prescription youth with mood or psychotic disorders. Method Participants included 72 youth with mood or psychotic disorders from a young adult mental health inpatient unit, of which 18 (33%) were newly prescribed metformin, and 54 (66%) were not prescribed metformin. Demographic and clinical information were extracted from the patients’ medical files along with body mass index (BMI), fasting serum bloods and calculated updated homeostatic model of insulin resistance assessment (HOMA2-IR) scores to compare profiles between groups. Results Of those prescribed metformin, 83% were overweight or obese and 72% had elevated HOMA2-IR scores. Of those not receiving metformin treatment, 41% were overweight or obese and 22% had elevated HOMA2-IR scores. Youth prescribed metformin had significantly higher BMI, and elevated markers of insulin resistance, but did not differ to those not prescribed metformin on other demographic, clinical or metabolic factors. Conclusions While metformin is prescribed to some youth with mood or psychotic disorders displaying markers of cardiometabolic disturbance, there is a need to develop clearer treatment guidelines for metformin in these youth.