bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a minimum dataset for subacute rehabilitation: a three-round e-Delphi consensus study
Authors: Young Adrienne M , Chung Hannah , Chaplain Alicia , Lowe Joshua R ,   STARS Rehabilitation Dataset Development Group, Wallace Sarah J 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo develop a minimum dataset to be routinely collected across a heterogenous population within a subacute rehabilitation service to guide best care and outcomes for patients, and value for the health service.DesignThree-round e-Delphi exercise, followed by consensus meetings.SettingMulticentre study in Brisbane, Australia.ParticipantsRehabilitation decision-makers, researchers and clinicians were invited to participate in the e-Delphi exercise. A multidisciplinary project steering committee (rehabilitation decision makers, researchers, clinicians and consumers) participated in consensus meetings.MethodsIn round 1 of the e-Delphi, participants responded to an open-ended question, generating data and outcomes that should be routinely collected in rehabilitation. In rounds 2 and 3, participants rated the importance of collecting each item on a nine-point scale. Consensus was defined a priori, as items rated as ‘essential’ by at least 70%, and of ‘limited importance’ by less than 15%, of respondents. Consensus meetings were held to further refine and define the dataset for implementation.ResultsIn total, 38 participants completed round 1 of the e-Delphi. Qualitative content analysis of their responses generated 1072 codes, which were condensed into 39 categories and 209 subcategories. Following two rounds of rating (round 2: n=32 participants; round 3: n=28 participants), consensus was reached for 124 items. Four consensus meetings (n=14 participants) resulted in the final dataset which included 42 items across six domains: (1) patient demographics, (2) premorbid health and psychosocial information, (3) admission information, (4) service delivery and interventions, (5) outcomes and (6) caregiver information and outcomes.ConclusionsWe identified 42 items that reflect the values and experiences of rehabilitation stakeholders. Items unique to this dataset include caregiver information and outcomes, and detailed service delivery and intervention data. Future research will establish the feasibility of collection in practice.
Exports and Wage Premiums: Evidence from Mexican Employer-Employee Data
Authors: Frías Judith A. , Kaplan David S. , Verhoogen Eric , Alfaro-Serrano David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper draws on employer-employee and longitudinal plant data from Mexico to investigate the impact of exports on wage premiums, defined as wages above what workers would receive elsewhere in the labor market. We decompose plant-level average wages into a component reflecting skill composition and a component reflecting wage premiums. Using the late-1994 peso devaluation interacted with initial export propensity as a source of exogenous changes in exports, we find that exports have a significant positive effect on wage premiums and that the effect on wage premiums accounts for essentially all of the medium-term effect of exporting on plant-average wages.
Curriculum Reforms and Infant Health
Authors: Dursun Bahadir , Eren Ozkan , Nguyen My 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the effects of high school curriculum reforms on infant health by exploiting sharp and staggered changes across states in core course requirements for graduation. Our results suggest that curriculum reforms significantly reduced the incidence of low birthweight and prematurity for black mothers. For white mothers, the estimated effects are small and generally insignificant. We also explore the mechanisms for observed effects and provide evidence consistent with our explanations. Finally, we calculate a large social gain induced by favorable infant health outcomes. Several robustness checks and different placebo tests support our findings.
The Geography of Jobs and the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Liu Sitian , Su Yichen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Prior studies show that women are more willing to accept lower wages for shorter commutes than men. We show that gender differences in commuting preferences lead to a gender wage gap only if there is a wage penalty for shortening commutes, determined by the geography of jobs. We demonstrate this by showing that the commuting and wage gaps are considerably smaller among workers living near city centers, especially for occupations with a high geographic concentration of high-wage jobs. We highlight the geography of jobs as a key force that amplifies the impact of commuting preferences on the gender wage gap.
A Scaling Theory for the Diffusivity of Poleward Eddy Heat Transport Based on Rhines Scaling and the Global Entropy Budget
Authors: Chang Chiung-Yin , Held Isaac M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diffusive theories for the meridional atmospheric energy transport can summarize our understanding of this central aspect of the general circulation. They can also be utilized in simple models of Earth’s energy balance to help interpret the response of the system to perturbations. A theory for this diffusivity of eddy heat transport is described based on Rhines scaling and the global entropy budget, each of which provides a constraint between the kinetic energy dissipation and the diffusivity. An expression for the diffusivity is then obtained by eliminating the dissipation from this set of two constraints. The theory can be thought of as a generalization of the theories of Held–Larichev and Barry–Craig–Thuburn. The theory is compared to simulations of the Held–Suarez idealized dry atmospheric model. Limitations of the theory are emphasized. The form of the theory allows it to be readily generalized to a moist atmosphere.
Skillful Seasonal Prediction of North American Summertime Heat Extremes
Authors: Jia Liwei , Delworth Thomas L. , Kapnick Sarah , Yang Xiaosong , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Cooke William , Lu Feiyu , Harrison Matthew , Rosati Anthony , Zeng Fanrong , McHugh Colleen , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Zhang Liping , Murakami Hiroyuki , Tseng Kai-Chih 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study shows that the frequency of North American summertime (June–August) heat extremes is skillfully predicted several months in advance in the newly developed Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (SPEAR) seasonal forecast system. Using a statistical optimization method, the average predictability time, we identify three large-scale components of the frequency of North American summer heat extremes that are predictable with significant correlation skill. One component, which is related to a secular warming trend, shows a continent-wide increase in the frequency of summer heat extremes and is highly predictable at least 9 months in advance. This trend component is likely a response to external radiative forcing. The second component is largely driven by the sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific and North Atlantic and is significantly correlated with the central U.S. soil moisture. The second component shows largest loadings over the central United States and is significantly predictable 9 months in advance. The third component, which is related to the central Pacific El Niño, displays a dipole structure over North America and is predictable up to 4 months in advance. Potential implications for advancing seasonal predictions of North American summertime heat extremes are discussed.
Frontogenesis, Mixing, and Stratification in Estuarine Channels with Curvature
Authors: Bo Tong , Ralston David K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Idealized numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of channel curvature on estuarine stratification and mixing. Stratification is decreased and tidal energy dissipation is increased in sinuous estuaries compared to straight channel estuaries. We applied a vertical salinity variance budget to quantify the influence of straining and mixing on stratification. Secondary circulation due to the channel curvature is found to affect stratification in sinuous channels through both lateral straining and enhanced vertical mixing. Alternating negative and positive lateral straining occur in meanders upstream and downstream of the bend apex, respectively, corresponding to the normal and reversed secondary circulation with curvature. The vertical mixing is locally enhanced in curved channels with the maximum mixing located upstream of the bend apex. Bend-scale bottom salinity fronts are generated near the inner bank upstream of the bend apex as a result of interaction between the secondary flow and stratification. Shear mixing at bottom fronts, instead of overturning mixing by the secondary circulation, provides the dominant mechanism for destruction of stratification. Channel curvature can also lead to increased drag, and using a Simpson number with this increased drag coefficient can relate the decrease in stratification with curvature to the broader estuarine parameter space.
Maternal Outcomes After Trauma in Pregnancy: A National Database Study
Authors: Siddiqi Mahwash , Guiab Keren , Roberts Andrew , Evan Teresa , Nahar Tanzilan , Patel Vidhi , Capron Gweniviere , Brigode William , Starr Frederic , Bokhari Faran 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Trauma is an important non-obstetric cause of mortality in pregnant females. Methods The National Trauma Databank (NTDB) was queried between 2017 and 2018. Pregnant women >20 weeks gestation, who underwent trauma, were included. They were categorized into different age groups from 12-18, 18-35, and 36-50 years of age. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Results 1,058 pregnant trauma patients were included. Mean age was 26.7 ± 6 years. Of those 94.5% had blunt and 3.8% had penetrating injuries. Median GCS and ISS were 15 (15, 15) and 2 (1, 5), respectively. Penetrating trauma patients required more operative intervention (57.5%) than blunt trauma patients (24.6%). Univariate analysis comparing age groups 12-18, 19-35, and >36 years revealed differences. ( P < .05) in ED systolic blood pressure (110.9 ± 19.7 vs 117.3 ± 20.3 vs 129.1 ± 29.3 mmHg, P = .01) and diabetes mellitus (.0 vs 2.7% vs 6.6% P = .03). There was no difference in HLOS ( P = .72), complications ( P = .279), and mortality ( P = .32). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to patients 12-18 years old, patients 19 to 35 ( P = .27) or those >36 ( P = 1.0) did not show a significant difference in mortality. Patients with high ISS had higher complication rates (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.04-1.15) and prolonged HLOS (OR 1.00; 95% CI 1.07-1.15). Conclusion On average pregnant women (>20 weeks gestation) who presented to trauma centers had minor injuries and maternal age or mechanism of injury did not affect mortality. Despite a low ISS, a significant number of these patients required operative procedures.
Percutaneous Retrieval of Retained Gallstones
Authors: McCarley Saudia , Yu Bernice , Guay Robert , Ong Adrian , Sacks David , Butts Christopher A. 
Published: March 2022

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard for patients with gallbladder disease. However, spilled gallstones occur in up to 18% of laparoscopic cholecystectomies, which may result in retained gallstones. Though most do not cause issues, there may be abscess formation from 4 months to 10 years postoperatively. We present a 78-year-old patient who formed a subhepatic abscess 3 months postoperatively from his laparoscopic cholecystectomy secondary to a 1 cm retained gallstone. The abscess was percutaneously drained by interventional radiology (IR), and the stone was subsequently removed by IR using a percutaneous approach. Open and laparoscopic approaches have been previously described for abscess drainage and removal of gallstones. In this case, both the abscess and stone were drained and removed percutaneously by IR. Though this is an uncommon entity, percutaneous decompression can aid in preventing such patients from undergoing additional surgery.
A Portable Negative Pressure Isolation System as a Solution to Minimize Exposure of Health Care Providers to Infectious Pathogens
Authors: Economopoulos Konstantinos P. , Fearis Paul , Simmons W. Neal , Richardson Eric S. , Montgomery Sean P. 
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the exposure of many surgeons and healthcare providers (HCPs) to disease given high patient loads and limited availability of negative pressure rooms. For these reasons we pursued the development of a portable patient isolation system (COVIAGE™ by iSolace, Inc.) that can be used to contain patients with respiratory illness and minimize the exposure of HCPs. COVIAGE™ is comprised of a reusable aluminum frame, a disposable thermoplastic polyurethane tent and a HEPA filtration/ventilation system (HVAC) utilizing two inline filters. The efficacy of filtration was tested by comparing particulate concentration inside and outside of the device by an independent third party. Additionally, physician, nursing, and respiratory tasks were performed initially on simulated patients and then on intubated patients in the ICU. The system attained a verified filtration efficiency greater than 99.999% for an average 0.3-μm size particulates. Simulation testing revealed that most common physician, nursing, and respiratory tasks could be completed in the device, including endotracheal intubation. Emergency removal of the device can be accomplished in 8.8 ± 2.8 seconds. The reusable aluminum frame allows for simple attachment to the bed, and adaptability to different types and sizes of beds/stretchers. An emergency use authorization was granted by the FDA. The device created results in a portable negative pressure isolation system that can be placed over the patient’s bed to contain aerosols during high aerosol generating procedures, transportation of patients or for total patient care in environments where negative pressure rooms are not available.
Safety and Effectiveness of Endovascular Therapy for the Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Korosoglou Grigorios , Giusca Sorin , Langhoff Ralf , Lichtenberg Michael , Lawall Holger , Schellong Sebastian , Stausberg Jürgen , Hoffmann Ulrich , Enders Dominic , Malyar Nasser 
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the distribution of risk factors, lesion characteristics and endovascular revascularization (EVR) strategies in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with vs without diabetes mellitus (DM). Data were collected within the RECcording COurses of vasculaR Diseases (RECCORD) registry. Demographic data, lesion localization (iliac vs femoropopliteal vs below-the-knee (BTK)) and lesion complexity score (LCS) based on number of affected segments, and lesion length (< 10 vs 10–20 vs > 20 cm), EVR strategies and peri-procedural complications were analysed in 786 patients with and 1337 without diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes mellitus were older (71.6 ± 9.6 vs 69.4 ± 10.5 years, P < .001) and had higher LCS and more often BTK lesions ( P < .05 for all). Lesions were treated less frequently with stents (48.7 vs 59.6%, P < .001) in patients with diabetes mellitus, whereas a non-significant trend was noticed for higher DCB treatment rates (48.3 vs 44.4%, P = .07). Post-interventional ankle-brachial index (ABI) increase was similar (from .77 ± .28 to .92 ± .25 with diabetes mellitus and from .74 ± .21 to .90 ± .20 without diabetes mellitus, P < .001 for both). Peri-/post-procedural complications were low in both groups (4.6%). Patients with diabetes mellitus, who undergo endovascular revascularization are older, have more comorbidities and higher target lesion complexity. However, treatment success rates are similar and complication rates are low.
A Modified CREATE Approach for Introducing Primary Literature Into Psychological Sciences Courses
Authors: Bozer Amber L. Harris 
Published: March 2022

Background Previous research has indicated positive changes in student perceptions of primary literature using the CREATE primary literature approach (a collection of guide tools for reading primary literature). Objective The objective of this research was to examine how a modification of the CREATE approach relates to student perceptions of primary literature and STEM career interest in psychological sciences courses. Method The CREATE approach was modified for use as a one-time project and assessed in (a) two course levels (introductory-level and senior level) and (b) two course deliveries (face-to-face and online). Participants filled out a survey with six factor perceptions of primary literature and STEM careers before and after project administration. Results After project completion, there was a significant increase in perceptions of primary literature (five of the six factors), but not STEM career interest. Conclusion There were significant increases over time (pre- to post-survey) in five of the six factors of perceptions of primary literature, but there was no change in the “thinking like a scientist” factor or STEM career interest. Teaching Implications This one-time project can concurrently be administered with textbook-based curriculum in online or face-to-face psychological sciences courses to introduce students to primary literature.
The development of the ADO-SQ model to predict 1-year mortality in patients with COPD
Authors: Owusuaa Catherine , van der Leest Cor , Helfrich Gea , Heller-Baan Roxane , Loenhout CJ van , Herbrink Jacobine W , Nieboer Daan , van der Rijt Carin CD , van der Heide Agnes 
Published: March 2022

Background: Goals of end-of-life care must be adapted to the needs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are in the last phase of life. However, identification of those patients is limited by moderate performances of existing prognostic models and by limited validation of the often-recommended surprise question. Aim: To develop a clinical prediction model to predict 1-year mortality in patients with COPD. Design: Prospective study using logistic regression to develop a model in two steps: (1) external validation of the ADO, BODEX, or CODEX models (A = age; B = body mass index; C = comorbidity; D = dyspnea; EX = exacerbations; O = airflow obstruction); (2) updating of best performing model and extending it with the surprise question. Discriminative performance of the new model was assessed using internal-external validation and measured with area under the curve (AUC). A nomogram and web application were developed. Settings/participants: Patients with COPD from five hospitals (September–November 2017). Results: Of the 358 included patients (median age 69.5 years, 50% male), 63 (17%) died within a year. The ADO index (AUC 0.73) had the best discriminative ability compared to the BODEX (AUC 0.71) or CODEX (AUC 0.68), and was extended with the surprise question. The resulting ADO-surprise question (SQ) model had an AUC of 0.79. Conclusion: The ADO-SQ model offers improved discriminative performance for predicting 1-year mortality compared to the surprise question, ADO, BODEX, or CODEX. A user-friendly nomogram and web application ( https://dnieboer.shinyapps.io/copd ) were developed. Further external validation of the ADO-SQ in patient groups is needed.
Safety and tolerability of fremanezumab in patients with episodic and chronic migraine: a pooled analysis of phase 3 studies
Authors: Diener Hans Christoph , McAllister Peter , Jürgens Tim P , Kessler Yoel , Ning Xiaoping , Cohen Joshua M , Campos Verena Ramirez , Barash Steve , Silberstein Stephen D 
Published: March 2022

Background Fremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets calcitonin gene-related peptide, has demonstrated efficacy for preventive treatment of episodic and chronic migraine. Since calcitonin gene-related peptide is expressed within the cardio- and cerebrovascular system and may have cardioprotective effects, it is critical to understand the cardio- and cerebrovascular safety of fremanezumab. Methods This was a pooled analysis of three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3, 12-week trials in which patients with episodic migraine or chronic migraine received quarterly fremanezumab, monthly fremanezumab, or placebo. Incidences of overall and serious adverse events were analyzed. Cardio- and cerebrovascular adverse events (CVAEs) were analyzed in subgroups stratified by cardio- and cerebrovascular medical history, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and use of cardio- and cerebrovascular medications or triptans. Results Two thousand, eight hundred and forty-two patients were included in the study. Overall (58–65%) and serious adverse events (<1–2%) occurred in similar proportions across fremanezumab and placebo groups. CVAEs were infrequent, regardless of cardio- and cerebrovascular medical history (2–6%). CVAEs occurred in low, similar proportions of patients with CVRFs and those using cardio- and cerebrovascular medications or triptans. No cardio- and cerebrovascular signals were identified. Conclusion Fremanezumab demonstrated a favorable overall and cardio- and cerebrovascular safety profile in more than 2800 patients with episodic migraine or chronic migraine, regardless of cardio- and cerebrovascular medical history, CVRFs, or medication use. Trial Registrations: NCT02629861 (HALO EM, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02629861 ), NCT02621931 (HALO CM, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02621931 ), NCT03308968 (FOCUS, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT03308968 )
The headache and aura-inducing effects of sildenafil in patients with migraine with aura
Authors: Butt Jawad H , S Eddelien Heidi , Kruuse Christina 
Published: March 2022

Introduction It has not been established if migraine headache and migraine aura share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, causes cGMP accumulation and provokes migraine-like headache in patients with migraine without aura. We investigated if sildenafil induced aura and migraine-like headache in patients with migraine with aura. Methods In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study, 16 patients with migraine with aura (of whom 11 patients exclusively had attacks of migraine with aura) received 100 mg sildenafil or placebo on two separate days. The development, duration, and characteristics of aura and headache were recorded using a questionnaire. The primary outcome was the incidence of migraine aura. Results Aura symptoms were induced in three patients (19%) after sildenafil and none after placebo (P < 0.001). After administration of sildenafil, 12 patients (75%) developed headache compared with two patients (12.5%) after placebo (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.001). The headache in nine patients (56%) after sildenafil and one patient (6%) after placebo fulfilled the criteria for migraine-like attacks (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.002). All patients, who fulfilled the criteria for migraine-like attacks, reported that the attack mimicked the headache phase during their usual migraine attacks. Discussion Sildenafil have a moderate migraine headache-inducing and a modest aura-inducing effect in patients with migraine with aura, even in those who exclusively experienced attacks of migraine with aura in their spontaneous attacks. These findings suggest that accumulation of cGMP by PDE5-inhibition do not play any significant role in the initiation of migraine aura and refute the hypothesis of sildenafil being a tool for pharmacological provocation of this phenomenon. These findings further support dissociation between the aura and the headache phase. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov – NCT02795351