bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive air shower tracker using Cherenkov detection
Authors: Leach S.A. , Lapington J.S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cosmic rays continuously bombard Earth’s atmosphere triggering cascades of secondary particles. Many constituents progress to reach the surface and capturing these events can intrigue and awe young curious minds, opening them to the amazing world of physics. Cloud chambers are an established method of revealing the subatomic world; frequently used by universities to introduce cosmic rays to visitors and prospective students, they provide a fascinating real-time display of the ‘ghostly’ particles showering upon those viewing.
Using the Cherenkov radiation detection technique, we have developed a novel, compact, Extensive Air Shower (EAS) particle tracking method that enhances the cloud chamber visualisation of cosmic ray interactions towards a digital audience. Once digital, live event interaction can be streamed to multiple display devices presenting an immediate illustration of the event that showered in that location.
Our instrument hardware is built around Cherenkov-optimised silicon photomultiplier sensors. Each single detection unit monitors particle event rate and tracks incident angle by measuring Cherenkov intensity. By operating multiple detection units in one location, we can record time correlated air shower events to monitor and collate information on the primary cosmic rays.
We introduce first results, illustrating instrument response and EAS rate variations, compiled from the initial running period of our development instruments. We present intensity spectra, compare with simulation, and describe the instrument response due to sensor location, Cherenkov intensity, mean muon energy and detector acceptance angle.
With further development towards low-cost readout electronics, we aim to build a networked array of trackers, located around the campus, to expand data gathering ability and scientific potential.
A novel time-domain fitting method for estimating Fricke-Morse model parameters
based on single-frequency sinusoidal complete response measurements
Authors: Zhang F. , Liu F. , Zhong H. , Li J. , Lin H. , Yang Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fricke-Morse model is a widely-used 2R-1C equivalent circuit for electrical bioimpedance (EBI) analysis, whose model parameters are usually fitted in multi-frequency (MF) EBI
measurements. This paper proposes a novel time-domain fitting method on estimation of the model
parameters in single-frequency (SF) sinusoidal complete response (SCR) (the combination of initial
transient and steady-state response) measurements. The analytical expressions of the model
parameters are firstly deduced based on SCR analysis. Then a time-domain least square iterative
optimization algorithm is developed to fit the model parameters, in which the analytical model
expressions are calculated as the iterative initial values. Experimental measurements conducted
on a 2R-1C circuit and the biceps brachii of a healthy volunteer in SF-SCR measurements show the
mean difference less than 1% and 5%, respectively, compared to the results estimated using a
commercial EBI device in reference MF-EBI measurements. The proposed SF-SCR method provides an
alternative to EBI analysis, which could greatly simplify the hardware design and thus
significantly reduce the equipment cost compared to the traditional MF-EBI method.
The role of third-party audits in ensuring producer compliance with the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification system
Authors: Bishop K J , Carlson K M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Certification systems for sustainable agricultural commodities typically rely on auditors to verify that producers comply with environmental, social, and legal standards. In the oil palm industry, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification system promises to address core sectoral sustainability concerns—including deforestation, fire, biodiversity loss, peatland drainage, forced labor, and land tenure conflict—by applying third-party audits to large-scale oil palm growers. Audits are designed to detect noncompliances with the standard, and to ensure that growers resolve these nonconformities. Yet, the role of RSPO audits in generating additionality across key sustainability issues remains unclear. Here, we compiled and analyzed data from a timeseries of annual audit reports for two-thirds of all certified oil palm growers in Indonesia as of December 2015 (n = 114 certified growers and 262 reports). We found that certified growers were required to address a median of four noncompliances per audit (range 0–37), with more noncompliances detected at initial certification than during subsequent audits. Certification demanded the most changes under our thematic areas of Waste & Pollution (9% of all noncompliances) and Employment (7%) and the least changes in Fire (<1%) and Corporate Social Responsibility programs (<1%). Thus, while many RSPO certified growers make real changes to achieve certification, these changes do not always address core sectoral performance concerns. Regression analysis indicated that RSPO member and certification body were significantly correlated with noncompliance frequency. This suggests that each member has a different cost of compliance and indicates heterogeneous stringency of standard application by certification bodies. We recommend that future research evaluate how post-2015 changes in RSPO assurance processes have interacted with a more robust and comprehensive certification standard to alter the additionality from third-party audits.
Comparing simulated and experimental spectral line splitting in visible spectroscopy diagnostics in the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: WU Jing , DU Yongqin , CHEN Peng , ZHOU Hangyu , HOU Yumei , YAO Lieming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We established the passive-visible spectroscopy diagnostics (P-VSD) and active-VSD (A-VSD) spectral splitting models for the HL-2A tokamak. Spectral splitting due to the influence of electromagnetic fields on the spectra in VSD is studied. Zeeman splitting induced by the magnetic field (
B
) is used to distinguish reflected light overlap in the divertor for P-VSD. Stark splitting caused by the Lorentz electric field (
E

Lorentz) from the neutral beam injection particle’s interaction with the magnetic field (
V

beam×
B
) is used to measure the safety factor q profile for A-VSD. We give a comparison and error analysis by fitting the experimental spectra with the simulation results. The distinguishing of edge (scrape-off layer and divertor) hydrogen/deuterium spectral lines and the q profile derived from the spectra provides a reference for HL-2M VSD.
Optimization of X-mode electron cyclotron current drive in high-electron-temperature plasma in the EAST tokamak
Authors: WANG Hanlin , ZOU Xiaolan , WANG Xiaojie , PEYSSON Yves , LI Miaohui , WU Chenbin , ZHANG Chao , LIU Fukun , DECKER Joan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A discharge with electron temperature up to 14 keV has been achieved in EAST. Analysis of the electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) efficiency at high electron temperature under EAST parameters is presented using C3PO/LUKE code. Simulation results show that the ECCD efficiency of X-mode increases with central electron temperature up to 10 keV and then starts to decrease above 10 keV, at a specific magnetic field and toroidal angle. The efficiency degradation is due to the presence of the third harmonic extraordinary (X3) downshifted absorption at the low field side (LFS); even the cold resonance of X3 mode is located outside the plasma. As the electron temperature increases from 5 to 20 keV, the X3 absorption increases from 0.9% to 96.4%. The trapping electron effect at the LFS produces a reverse Ohkawa current. The competition between the Fisch–Boozer current drive and the Ohkawa current drive results in a decrease in ECCD efficiency. ECCD efficiency optimization is achieved through two methods. One is to increase the toroidal angle, leading to X2 mode predominating again over X3 mode and the electron resonance domain of X2 mode moving far from the trapped/passing boundary. The second one is to increase the magnetic field to move away the X3 resonance layer from the plasma, hence less EC power absorbed by X3 mode.
Methods Employed in the Determining Nectar and Pollen Sources for Bees: A Review of the Global Scenario
Authors: Layek Ujjwal , Das Nandita , Kundu Arijit , Karmakar Prakash 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowering plants and pollinators are in a mutualistic association, where pollinators collect floral resources and plants receive pollination services. Bees and other pollinators are declining in many parts of the world, and their loss affects the functional composition of fauna, flora, and habitats. Different strategies are being deployed to improve pollinator services, including the management of bees. Sustainable management of a bee species strongly depends on floral resource availability. Therefore, beekeepers need to have adequate knowledge about the surrounding vegetation (especially nectar and pollen sources for the bee species). Diverse methodologies are used around the world to determine floral resources for bees. Field surveys and pollen analysis of honey, corbicular/scopal pollen loads, residual pollens in brood cells, forager’s body surface pollen content, and internal organs (gut, intestine, crop, etc.) were used by the researchers. For pollen identification, most researchers carried out microscopy-based methods. However, pollen DNA-based methods were also used by researchers in recent years. Regarding the morphology-based identification, most researchers processed pollen samples according to Erdtman’s acetolysis method to increase the visibility of diagnostic characteristics of the pollen grains. The method specified by the International Commission for Bee Botany was used to conduct qualitative and quantitative pollen analysis on honey samples. For quantitative pollen load analysis, researchers used numerous techniques that may have been the most effective. Our discussion about the different techniques utilized to determine floral resources of a bee species will be helpful for researchers in selecting a suitable protocol and may assist in developing superior methodologies.
Heteromorphic stamens are differentially attractive in Swartzia (Fabaceae)
Authors: Basso-Alves João Paulo , da Silva Rafael Ferreira , Coimbra Gabriel , Leitão Suzana Guimarães , de Rezende Claudia Moraes , Bizzo Humberto Ribeiro , Freitas Leandro , Paulino Juliana Villela , Mansano Vidal de Freitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The division of labour hypothesis between stamens has explained the evolution of divergent functions between dimorphic stamens in the same flower. However, little is known about whether the distinct type of stamens differs in attractiveness to pollinators. Therefore, we investigate whether the two types of stamens commonly found in Swartzia have different visual and olfactory attractants. We performed observations of anthesis dynamics, registration and collection of floral visitors, measurements of reflectance of floral parts and chemical analysis of the volatile organic compounds of the floral parts of two species, S. flaemingii and S. simplex. Both species have two distinct sets of stamens: one with smaller and abundant stamens in the centre of the flower and the other with fewer but larger abaxial stamens. The sets differ in UV reflectance (only S. simplex) and exhibit a distinct chromatic contrast. Concerning olfactory attractiveness, aliphatic compounds make up most of the odour of the two species, both whole flowers and most of their floral organs. On the other hand, only S. simplex presented apocarotenoids (as ionones) and benzenoids. Furthermore, there are differences in the proportion of volatiles emitted by the stamen in both cases, as the high proportion of sesquiterpenes among the smaller stamens compared to the larger ones. In conclusion, the two types of stamens found in S. flaemingii and S. simplex show a distinct attractiveness. In addition, our data have demonstrated diverse ways of differential attractiveness both between distinct stamens set per flower and between the two species from the same pollen flowers genus.
Which Words Matter Most? Operationalizing Lexical Prevalence For Rank-Ordered Word Lists
Authors: Egbert Jesse , Burch Brent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe words in a language or language variety are often rank ordered in lists that are meant to reflect the relative importance of those words to language users and learners of a language. This rank ordering is done on the basis of the relative prevalence of words in a corpus. Lexical prevalence is often operationalized as measures of frequency, dispersion, or adjusted frequency. Yet, to date, there is no consensus on best practices for identifying and ranking prevalent words in a corpus, or for evaluating the degree to which a word’s importance is reflected through its prevalence. We begin this paper by introducing and describing a wide range of corpus-based measures for quantifying lexical prevalence. We then carry out two case studies on the Duolingo University Textbook Corpus to evaluate the methods for their ability to identify and appropriately rank words in terms of their importance. We conclude with recommendations for word list creators and researchers and practitioners interested in word importance.
Automatic transmission of home blood pressure data can be effective in managing hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaihara Toshiki , Intan-Goey Valent , Scherrenberg Martijn , Falter Maarten , Kario Kazuomi , Akashi Yoshihiro , Dendale Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsHome blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPT) is a useful way to manage BP. Recent advances in digital technology to automatically transmit BP data without the patient input may change the approach to long-term BP treatment and follow-up. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest data on the HBPT with automatic data transmission.Methods and resultsArticles in English from 1980 to 2021 were searched by electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials comparing HBPT with automatic data transmission with usual BP management and including systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic BP (DBP) as outcomes in hypertension patients were included in the systematic review. A meta-analysis was conducted. After removing duplicates, 474 papers were included and 23 papers were identified. The HBPT with automatic data transmission had a significant beneficial impact on BP reduction (mean difference for office SBP −6.0 mm Hg; P &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the studies using smartphone applications reduced BP significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group (standardized mean difference for office and home SBP −0.25; P = 0.01) as did the studies using HBPT other than the applications. Longer observation periods showed a sustained effect, and multidisciplinary cooperation was effective.ConclusionThis review suggests that a care path based on HBPT with automatic data transmission can be more effective than classical management of hypertension. In particular, the studies using smartphone applications have shown beneficial effects. The results support the deployment of digital cardiology in the field of hypertension management.
Cross-fertilisation, not bifurcation, of EMI and EAP
Authors: Galloway Nicola , Rose Heath 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe article responds to Wingate and Hakim’s paper, where they criticise English Medium Instruction (EMI) research for not drawing on research and practices from EAP. We concur that this cross-fertilisation of knowledge is beneficial for both fields but emphasise the breadth of the current EMI research agenda, which explores several issues beyond English language and academic preparedness. We also counter their claims of a lack of awareness by highlighting several examples of knowledge exchange, much of which has been driven by EMI scholars working within EAP contexts, and vice versa. Finally, we urge caution in recommendations to uncritically adopt EAP practices from Anglophone university settings into EMI settings, due to the complexities associated with EMI growth and provision, where the challenges raised are not necessarily identical. Overall, we agree with the authors that EAP and EMI have much to gain from each other in their shared endeavours and welcome their calls for future research collaboration.
A perspective on the molecular mechanism in the control of organ internal (IN) asymmetry during petal development
Authors: Yu Qianxia , Ge Liangfa , Ahmad Sagheer , Luo Da , Li Xin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Floral zygomorphy (monosymmetry) is a key innovation in flowering plants and is related to the coevolution of plants and their animal pollinators. The molecular basis underlying floral zygomorphy has been analysed, and two regulatory pathways have been identified: one determines the dorsoventral (DV) asymmetry along the floral plan, and the other controls organ internal (IN) asymmetry during petal development. While strides have been made to understand the molecular mechanism controlling DV asymmetry, which mainly involves an interplay between TCP and MYB transcription factors, the molecular pathway regulating IN asymmetry remains largely unknown. In this review, we discuss what is known about regulators and the molecular pathway regulating IN asymmetry. Our analysis revealed that the regulation of IN asymmetry occurs at the cellular, tissue, and organ genesis levels during petal development and that the regulatory mechanism is likely integrated into different developmental paths, such as floral and root nodule development. Although the molecular regulation of IN asymmetry is not be a linear path, a key hub for the regulatory network could be vascular patterning during petal organogenesis.
The Isotropy Group of a Foliation: The Local Case
Authors: Cerveau D , Neto A Lins 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Given a holomorphic singular foliation ${\mathcal {F}}$ of $({\mathbb {C}}^n,0)$, we define $\textrm {Iso}({\mathcal {F}})$ as the group of germs of biholomorphisms on $({\mathbb {C}}^n,0)$ preserving ${\mathcal {F}}$: $\textrm {Iso}({\mathcal {F}})\!=\!\lbrace \Phi \in \textrm {Diff}({\mathbb {C}}^n,0)\,|\,\Phi ^*({\mathcal {F}})\!=\!{\mathcal {F}}\rbrace $. The normal subgroup of $\textrm {Iso}({\mathcal {F}})$, of biholomorphisms sending each leaf of ${\mathcal {F}}$ into itself, will be denoted as $\textrm {Fix}({\mathcal {F}})$. The corresponding groups of formal biholomorphisms will be denoted as $\widehat {\textrm {Iso}}({\mathcal {F}})$ and $\widehat {\textrm {Fix}}({\mathcal {F}})$, respectively. The purpose of this paper will be to study the quotients $\textrm {Iso}({\mathcal {F}})/\textrm {Fix}({\mathcal {F}})$ and $\widehat {\textrm {Iso}}({\mathcal {F}})/\widehat {\textrm {Fix}}({\mathcal {F}})$, mainly in the case of codimension one foliation.
Method Greenness Profile Assessment to AQbD-Driven Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Aripiprazole Using Screening Design and Response Surface Modeling
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Gandhi Alina , Shah Shailesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the literature review, organic solvents such as methanol, acetonitrile, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride have been used for the chromatographic analysis of aripiprazole (APZ). The green chemistry approach recommends these organic solvents are unsafe for analysts and the environment and should be avoided or minimized in chromatographic analysis.ObjectiveHence, the stability-indicating assay method (SIAM) has been developed for the estimation of aripiprazole using safe organic solvents.MethodsThe quality risk management was started with risk identification, which was followed by risk assessment. By the risk assessment process, seven analytical risk factors (ARFs) were found to be potentially risky for method development. Further risk analysis was done by Taguchi OA design for the study of the main effect of ARF on resolution between the peaks. Design of experiments (DoE)-based response surface modeling (RSM) was performed by central composite design. Method operable design region (MODR) was navigated for resolution between peaks more than 1.0 for risk control. After navigation of the MODR, a risk review was done by validation of the design model for SIAM.ResultsControl strategy was set for ARFs and separation was carried out on the precoated aluminum plate with silica gel 60 F254 using ethyl acetate–ethanol (8.0 + 2.0, v/v) as the mobile phase keeping 15 min saturation time. The developed method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline. The developed SIAM was applied for the assay of aripiprazole in its tablet, and results were found in agreement with the labeled claim.ConclusionsThe organic solvents ethyl acetate and ethanol used in chromatographic analysis of APZ are recommended as safe organic solvents by the ICH Q3C guidelines. The method greenness profiles of developed and published methods were evaluated by national environmental method index (NEMI) and analytical greenness (AGREE) methods. The developed method was found to be safe and green for chromatographic analysis of APZ.HighlightsDevelopment of a green, robust, accurate, and precise stability-indicating HPTLC method for estimation of APZ. The quality risk management (QRM) and DoE-based analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach was implemented in support of the green analytical chemistry concept. Estimation of greenness profile of method by NEMI and AGREE methods.