bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution, Ecological Factors, Molecular Diversity, and Specific PCR for Major Species of Pin Nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) in Prunus Plantations in Spain
Authors: Clavero-Camacho Ilenia , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Carolina , Archidona-Yuste Antonio , Castillo Pablo , Palomares-Rius Juan E. 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of Paratylenchus species in the main areas of Prunus spp. production in Spain, their ecological constraints, and new molecular tools for the specific identification of major species. Pin nematodes are recognized as plant-parasitic nematodes with a wide host range and global distribution. Therefore, understanding the environmental and agronomic factors involved in their distribution is critical to design environmental and sustainable management strategies to reduce plant damage. A total of 219 sampling sites were surveyed and 12 Paratylenchus species were identified based on an integrative taxonomic approach (P. baldaccii, P. enigmaticus, P. goodeyi, P. hamatus, P. holdemani, P. indalus, P. israelensis, P. pedrami, P. tateae, P. tenuicaudatus, P. veruculatus, and P. zurgenerus). The most common pin nematode was P. hamatus, followed by P. tenuicaudatus. Nematode abundance was influenced by climatic characteristics, soil chemical properties, and agronomic management practices. Nine explanatory variables were selected as the most strongly associated with Paratylenchus distribution. Specifically, P. tenuicaudatus was significantly correlated with soil chemical characteristics, such as pH and carbon, sulfur, and sodium content, whereas P. goodeyi was closely related to fields with <10 years of almond cultivation. Species-specific PCRs were developed for P. hamatus and P. tenuicaudatus and their validity was evaluated studying the molecular variability of these species and against other Paratylenchus species.
The Pursuit in Nepal of Native Trichoderma spp. for Plant Disease Biocontrol
Authors: Khadka Ram B. , Rotondo Francesca , Miller Sally A. 
Published: March 2022

The characteristics of 41 native Trichoderma isolates collected from diverse microclimatic domains in Nepal and two Ohio isolates and their efficacy in biocontrol of plant diseases were assessed. Species assignment was based on a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis constructed on a concatenated dataset using the internal transcribed spacer region ( ITS), translocation elongation factor ( tef1), and RNA polymerase II subunit ( rpb2). Most of the Nepal isolates ( n = 37) were assigned to the Viride clade and identified as T. asperellum or T. asperelloides, whereas a minority ( n = 4) were assigned to the Harzianum clade and identified as T. lixii or T. rugulosum. One of the Ohio isolates belonged to the Hamatum clade and was closely related to the T. hamatum reference strain, whereas the other Ohio strain was closely related to T. ghanense (Longibrachiatum clade). Confrontation assays conducted to evaluate mycelial growth reduction of Rhizoctonia solani indicated that mechanisms of action included competition, mycoparasitism, and antibiosis. Trichoderma asperellum isolates NT22, NT8, NT24, and NT25 and T. asperelloides isolates NT1 and NT30 reduced Rhizoctonia root rot severity in greenhouse assays by more than 50% compared with the nontreated controls. Trichoderma asperellum isolates NT4, NT25, NT28, and NT17 and T. asperelloides NT8 suppressed clubroot severity in greenhouse assays by more than 75% compared with the nontreated controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage of mycelial growth reduction in vitro (confrontation assay) of R. solani and root rot severity. This study provides a basis for additional investigations of Trichoderma diversity and biocontrol potential in Nepal. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Image-guided surgery in oral cancer: toward improved margin control
Authors: Noorlag Rob , de Bree Remco , Witjes Max J.H. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to discuss recent studies on the assessment of tumor extension and resection margins by different intraoperative techniques allowing for image-guided surgery of oral cancer.

Recent findings
There are different in-vivo and ex-vivo intraoperative techniques to improve margin control of which intraoperative ultrasound and targeted fluorescence-guided resections have high potential clinical value and are closest to clinical implementation.

Summary
In oral cancer surgery, resection margins, particularly deep margins, are often inadequate. Intraoperative frozen section does not improve resection margin control sufficiently. Specimen-driven intraoperative assessment for gross analysis of suspected margins reduces the amount of positive resection margins substantially but leaves still room for improvement. Mucosal staining methods, optical coherence tomography and narrow band imaging can only be used for superficial (mucosal) resection margin control. Spectroscopy is under investigation, but clinical data are scarce. Intraoperative ex-vivo imaging of the resection specimen by magnetic resonance and PET/computed tomography may be used to assess resection margins but needs more research. Intraoperative in-vivo ad ex-vivo ultrasound and targeted fluorescence imaging have high potential clinical value to guide oral cancer resections and are closest to clinical implementation for improved margin control.
Superficial Temporal Vein and Alternative Middle Temporal Vein as Recipient Veins for Free-flap Reconstruction
Authors: Kagaya Yu , Arikawa Masaki , Akazawa Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
The superficial and middle temporal veins (STV and MTV) have been used as recipient veins for free-flap reconstruction; however, the STV is sometimes small and cannot be used, while the MTV is not fully recognized or utilized as a recipient vein. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of the STV/MTV as recipient veins and to verify the utility and availability of the MTV by comparing the two veins. Thirty-five consecutive cases of free-flap reconstruction utilizing recipient vessels in the temporal region were retrospectively reviewed. Regarding recipient veins, the STV was the only option in the first 18 cases; the MTV was included among the options in the latter 17 cases. The calibers of the STV/MTV were evaluated at two level points (1: zygomatic arch, 2: palpebral fissure) using the results of preoperative dynamic-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Two cases of severe venous congestion were identified among the first 18 patients. After the adoption of the MTV, the MTV was used in 10 of the 17 cases, and no vascular complication occurred. On CT imaging evaluation, the caliber of the MTV (Point 2) (2.94 ± 0.55 mm) was significantly larger than the calibers of the STV (Point 1) (2.40 ± 0.48 mm) and MTV (Point 1) (2.49 ± 0.43 mm) (both P < 0.001). Regarding the recipient veins in the temporal area, the MTV can offer an option with a larger caliber or for additional venous anastomosis when the condition of the STV is inadequate.
Metastatic Neoplasms to the Vulva—A Review
Authors: Heller Alexis , Breitner Daniel , Cracchiolo Bernadette , Heller Debra S. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Metastatic neoplasms to the vulva are rare and can pose a diagnostic dilemma. As identification of the primary site can influence patient treatment and prognosis, correct diagnosis is important.

Methods
PubMed was searched for applicable publications using the terms vulva, vulvar neoplasms, metastasis, and vulvar metastasis.

Results
Most neoplasms metastatic to the vulva originate from other genital sources; however, extragenital primary neoplasms can also metastasize to the vulva. Vulvar metastases often occur in the setting of widespread disease.

Conclusions
It is important to consider biopsy for appropriate histologic and immunohistochemical studies, as well as consider patient history to establish the primary site of metastatic lesions to the vulva, allowing optimal therapy.
Radiofrequency Heating and High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Treatment Delivered Simultaneously: The First Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial
Authors: Samuels Julene B. , Katz Bruce , Weiss Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Radiofrequency-based and high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM)-based devices have proved effective and safe for abdominal body shaping. Radiofrequency is known to reduce adipose tissue, whereas HIFEM treatment is effective for muscle definition. The authors investigated the efficacy of a novel device delivering synchronized radiofrequency and HIFEM treatment simultaneously for abdominal toning and fat reduction.

Methods:
Seventy-two patients were enrolled and randomly divided into active (n = 48; age, 45.5 ± 13.0 years) and sham groups (n = 24; age, 44.6 ± 12.3 years). Both groups received three treatments on the abdomen once a week. The intensity in the active group was set to maximum tolerable level; in the sham group, the intensities were set to 5 percent. Ultrasound images were taken before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment to examine changes in subcutaneous fat and rectus abdominis muscle thickness. Digital photographs were taken, and satisfaction and therapy comfort were assessed.

Results:
Ultrasound images of the active group at 1 month showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in adipose tissue thickness by 20.5 percent (4.8 ± 2.6 mm), whereas rectus abdominis muscle thickness increased by 21.5 percent (2.0 ± 0.8 mm). Results at 3 months improved to 28.3 percent (7.6 ± 3.7 mm) and 24.2 percent (2.3 ± 0.9 mm), respectively. Improvements were maintained at 6 months after treatment in the active group, whereas the sham group showed no significant changes. Treatments were found to be comfortable. The active group showed higher satisfaction with outcomes.

Conclusion:
Active treatment utilizing simultaneous application of radiofrequency and HIFEM therapy resulted in a significant increase in rectus abdominis thickness and subcutaneous fat reduction, exceeding previously published results for separate HIFEM and radiofrequency treatments.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Outcomes of Combined Liposuction/Laser Skin Tightening versus Open Suction-Assisted Brachioplasty in Moderate Arm Ptosis
Authors: Fayek Mina , Rizk Ibrahem N. , Hashem Ahmed M. , El Sharkawy Omar A. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Only a few studies have directly compared outcomes of different arm contouring techniques across matched cohorts of patients. In this study, the authors present preliminary data comparing outcomes of conventional open suction-assisted brachioplasty (using the Pascal and Le Louarn procedure) versus combined liposuction/laser skin tightening in (grade 2b arm ptosis per El Khatib classification).

Methods:
Thirty patients (60 arms) (28 women, two men) with moderate brachial ptosis (severe upper arm adiposity and a moderate degree of skin laxity) (grade 2b arm ptosis per El Khatib classification) were included. Objective and subjective measures were used in the assessment of results.

Results:
There were no statistically significant differences in objective measurements (arm circumference reduction ratio and percentage of ptosis elimination) between the groups. Patient satisfaction scores were higher with liposuction/laser skin tightening and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Patients in this latter cohort reported less pain and earlier return to work (mean less than a week) (p < 0.05). Four patients complained of residual ptosis in each group.

Conclusions:
Liposuction/laser skin tightening is a safe and effective alternative to open suction-assisted brachioplasty (using the Pascal and Le Louarn technique) in patients with severe arm adiposity and moderate brachial ptosis (grade 2b arm ptosis as described by El Khatib classification). Proper patient selection remains critical for the success of this treatment strategy and requires precise clinical analysis as described.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
High Rates of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Eligibility and Associated HIV Incidence in a Population With a Generalized HIV Epidemic in Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Ssempijja Victor , Nakigozi Gertrude , Ssekubugu Robert , Kagaayi Joseph , Kigozi Godfrey , Nalugoda Fred , Nantume Betty , Batte James , Kigozi Grace , Yeh Ping Teresa , Nakawooya Hadijja , Serwadda David , Quinn Thomas C. , Gray Ronald H. , Wawer Maria J. , Grabowski Kate M. , Chang Larry W. , van't Hoog Anja , Cobelens Frank , Reynolds Steven J. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The utility of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) eligibility assessments to identify eligibility in general populations has not been well studied in sub-Saharan Africa. We used the Rakai Community Cohort Study to conduct a cross-sectional analysis to estimate PrEP eligibility and a cohort analysis to estimate HIV incidence associated with PrEP eligibility.

Methods:
Based on Uganda's national PrEP eligibility tool, we defined eligibility as reporting at least one of the following HIV risks in the past 12 months: sexual intercourse with more than one partner of unknown HIV status; nonmarital sex act without a condom; sex engagement in exchange for money, goods, or services; or experiencing genital ulcers. We used log-binomial and modified Poisson models to estimate prevalence ratios for PrEP eligibility and HIV incidence, respectively.

Findings:
We identified 12,764 participants among whom to estimate PrEP eligibility prevalence and 11,363 participants with 17,381 follow-up visits and 30,721 person-years (pys) of observation to estimate HIV incidence. Overall, 29% met at least one of the eligibility criteria. HIV incidence was significantly higher in PrEP-eligible versus non–PrEP-eligible participants (0.91/100 pys versus 0.41/100 pys; P < 0.001) and independently higher in PrEP-eligible versus non–PrEP-eligible female participants (1.18/100 pys versus 0.50/100 pys; P < 0.001). Among uncircumcised male participants, HIV incidence was significantly higher in PrEP-eligible versus non–PrEP-eligible participants (1.07/100 pys versus 0.27/100 pys; P = 0.001), but there was no significant difference for circumcised male participants.

Interpretation:
Implementing PrEP as a standard HIV prevention tool in generalized HIV epidemics beyond currently recognized high-risk key populations could further reduce HIV acquisition and aid epidemic control efforts.
Accurate Mandible Reconstruction by Mixed Reality, 3D Printing, and Robotic-Assisted Navigation Integration
Authors: Lin Quan-quan , Wang Feng , Sun Jin-long , Zhang Hai-zhong , Xi Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Mandibular reconstruction is one of the most complex procedures concerning the patient’s postoperative facial shape and occlusion condition. In this study, the authors integrated mixed reality, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and robotic-assisted navigation technology to complete the mandibular reconstruction in a novel and more accurate way. Mixed reality can visualize the significant anatomical structures of the operative area, but only be used in simulated operation by now. Three-dimensional printing surgical guide plate makes it easy to separate tissue, while imprecision often occurs due to the potential of displacement and deformation. In recent years, most robotic-assisted navigation surgery technology can only achieve precise position by 2D view on the screen but not realistic 3D navigation. in this study, the integrated 3 technologies were used in mandibular reconstruction. Preoperative imaging examination was performed, and the data were imported into the digital workstation before operation. First, the original data was edited and optimized to reconstruct the digital model and formulate the surgical plan. Then MR was used to output the visualized project and matched the 3D reconstruction model in reality. The 3D plate was printed for surgical guidance. Last, robotic-assisted navigation was used to guide and position the vascularized fibula autograft and the immediate dental implantation. In conclusion, the authors integrated the 3 technologies and constructed a new digital surgical procedure to improve surgical accuracy and simplify the procedure comparing with traditional surgery.
Characterizing the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Orbital Floor Reconstruction: A National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Analysis
Authors: Perla Krissia M. Rivera , Zeyl Victoria G. , Lopez Christopher D. , Lopez Joseph , Redett Richard J. , Manson Paul N. , Yang Robin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Orbital floor fractures result in posterior globe displacement known as enophthalmos, and diplopia due to extraorbital soft tissue impingement. Surgical repair may involve the use of autolo-gous or synthetic materials. Previous studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of orbital floor fractures among lower socioeconomic status (SES) populations. The authors aimed to characterize the impact of socioeconomic status on surgical management, outcomes, and use of synthetic orbital implant. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of adult orbital floor fracture patients from 2002 to 2017 using the National Inpatient Sample. Among patients who underwent surgical treatment, our study found decreased synthetic orbital implant use among uninsured and Black patients and decreased home discharge among Medicare patients. There were no differences in orbital reconstruction. Further research is needed to elucidate possible mechanisms driving these findings.
Liver Transplantation Outcomes From Controlled Circulatory Death Donors
Authors: Gaurav Rohit , Butler Andrew J. , Kosmoliaptsis Vasilis , Mumford Lisa , Fear Corrina , Swift Lisa , Fedotovs Arturs , Upponi Sara , Khwaja Samir , Richards James , Allison Michael , Watson Christopher J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To compare the outcomes of livers donated after circulatory death (DCD) and undergoing either in situ normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) or ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) with livers undergoing static cold storage (SCS).

Summary of Background Data:
DCD livers are associated with increased risk of primary nonfunction, poor function, and nonanastomotic strictures (NAS), leading to underutilization.

Methods:
A single center, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 233 DCD liver transplants performed using SCS, NRP, or NMP between January 2013 and October 2020.

Results:
Ninety-seven SCS, 69 NRP, and 67 NMP DCD liver transplants were performed, with 6-month and 3-year transplant survival (graft survival non-censored for death) rates of 87%, 94%, 90%, and 76%, 90%, and 76%, respectively. NRP livers had a lower 6-month risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazard for transplant failure compared to SCS (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% Confidence Interval 0.08–1.05, P = 0.06). NRP and NMP livers had a risk-adjusted estimated reduction in the mean model for early allograft function score of 1.52 (P < 0.0001) and 1.19 (P < 0.001) respectively compared to SCS. Acute kidney injury was more common with SCS (55% vs 39% NRP vs 40% NMP; P = 0.08), with a lower risk-adjusted peak-to-baseline creatinine ratio in the NRP (P = 0.02). No NRP liver had clinically significant NAS in contrast to SCS (14%) and NMP (11%, P = 0.009), with lower risk-adjusted odds of overall NAS development compared to SCS (odds ratio = 0.2, 95%CI 0.06–0.72, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
NRP and NMP were associated with better early liver function compared to SCS, whereas NRP was associated with superior preservation of the biliary system.
Placental transcription profiling in 6-23 weeks’ gestation reveals differential transcript usage in early development
Authors: Bogias K. Justin , Pederson Stephen M , Leemaqz Shalem , Smith Melanie D , McAninch Dale , Jankovic-Karasoulos Tanja , McCullough Dylan , Wan Qianhui , Bianco-Miotto Tina , Breen James , Roberts Claire T 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe human placenta is a rapidly developing transient organ that is key to pregnancy success. Early development of the conceptus occurs in a low oxygen environment before oxygenated maternal blood begins to flow into the placenta at ∼10-12 weeks’ gestation. This process is likely to substantially affect overall placental gene expression. Transcript variability underlying gene expression has yet to be profiled. In this study, accurate transcript expression profiles were identified for 84 human placental chorionic villus tissue samples collected across 6-23 weeks’ gestation. Differential gene expression (DGE), differential transcript expression (DTE) and differential transcript usage (DTU) between 6-10 weeks’ and 11-23 weeks’ gestation groups were assessed. In total, 229 genes had significant DTE yet no significant DGE. Integration of DGE and DTE analyses found that differential expression patterns of individual transcripts were commonly masked upon aggregation to the gene-level. Of the 611 genes that exhibited DTU, 534 had no significant DGE or DTE. The four most significant DTU genes ADAM10, VMP1, GPR126, and ASAH1, were associated with hypoxia-responsive pathways. Transcript usage is a likely regulatory mechanism in early placentation. Identification of functional roles will facilitate new insight in understanding the origins of pregnancy complications.
The association between plasma chemokines and breast cancer risk and prognosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Xingxing , Zhang Yanyu , Lin Yuxiang , Zou Shuqing , Zhu Pingxiu , Song Mengjie , Fu Fangmeng , Yang Haomin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the potential role of several chemokines in the migration of cytotoxic immune cells to prohibit breast cancer cell proliferation, a comprehensive view of chemokines and the risk and prognosis of breast cancer is scarce, and little is known about their causal associations.MethodsWith a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, genetic instruments associated with 30 plasma chemokines were created. Their genetic associations with breast cancer risk and survival were extracted from the recent genome-wide association study, with available survival information for 96,661 patients. We further tested the associations between the polygenetic risk score (PRS) for chemokines and breast cancer in the UK Biobank cohort using logistic regression models. The association between chemokine expression in tumors and breast cancer survival was analyzed in the TCGA cohort with Cox regression models.ResultsPlasma CCL5 was causally associated with the risk of breast cancer in the MR analysis, which was significant in the luminal and HER-2 enriched subtypes and further confirmed using PRS analysis (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.89-1.00). A potential causal association with breast cancer survival was only found for plasma CCL19, especially for ER-positive patients. In addition, we also found an inverse association between CCL19 expression in tumors and breast cancer overall and relapse-free survival (HR=0.58, 95% CI=0.35-0.95).ConclusionWe observed an inverse association between genetic predisposition to CCL5 and the risk of breast cancer, while CCL19 was associated with breast cancer survival. These associations suggested the potential of these chemokines as tools for breast cancer prevention and treatment.