bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive impact of a co-designed digital resource for women with early menopause
Authors: Yeganeh Ladan , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Johnston-Ataata Kate , Flore Jacinthe , Hickey Martha , Kokanović Renata , Teede Helena , Vincent Amanda J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate a co-designed early menopause digital resource, including audio/video clips, question prompt list, and information links.

Methods:
Pre/post-test study. Women with early menopause, defined as menopause before age 45 years, were recruited from the community. Following online informed consent, participants were emailed links to the digital resource and online surveys to complete before (baseline) and, immediately and 1 month after viewing the resource. Main outcome measures: Health-related empowerment (Health Education Impact Questionnaire), illness perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), menopause symptoms (Greene Climacteric Scale), risk perception, and knowledge change.

Results:
One hundred fifty women participated. Compared to baseline, at 1-month health-related empowerment, ‘health directed behavior’ scores increased (mean change: +0.13; 95% CI: 0.01-0.24; and P = 0.03), ‘emotional distress’ decreased (mean change: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.25 to −0.05; and P = 0.003) and physical and emotional menopause symptom scores decreased (P = 0.001 and P
= 0.02, respectively). Illness perception scores increased at both immediate and 1-month follow-up versus baseline for ‘personal control’ (P < 0.001 and P
= 0.02) and ‘coherence’ (P = 0.003 and P
< 0.001). After viewing the digital resource, more women perceived that hormone therapy decreases heart disease risk, reduces hot flashes, and prevents fractures versus baseline (all P
< 0.05). More women correctly answered questions regarding early menopause prevalence (60% vs 35%), cause (46% vs 33%), risk (76% vs 55%), effect of phytoestrogens (60% vs 27%), and osteoporosis prevention (64% vs 44%) at immediate or 1-month follow-up versus baseline (all P
< 0.05).

Conclusions:
A co-designed early menopause digital resource may improve women's health-related empowerment, illness perception, menopause symptoms, risk perception, and knowledge.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A923.
Female orgasmic dysfunction and severe climacteric symptomatology in women aged 40 to 59 years: an independent association from an analysis of a multicenter Latin American study
Authors: Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Mezones-Holguin Edward , Blümel Juan E. , Apolaya-Segura Moises , Barón German , Belzares Emma , Bencosme Ascanio , Calle Andres , Espinoza Maria T. , Flores Daniel , Izaguirre Humberto , León-León Patricia , Lima Selva , Monterrosa Alvaro , Mostajo Desiree , Navarro Daysi , Ojeda Eliana , Soto Edwin , Vallejo Maria S. , Tserotas Konstantinos , Chedraui Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the association between the severity of climacteric symptoms (CS) and orgasmic dysfunction (OD), controlled by demographic, clinical, and partner variables.

Methods:
We carried out a secondary analysis of a multicenter Latin American cross-sectional study that surveyed sexually active women 40 to 59 years old. We assessed CS (global, somatic, psychological, or urogenital domains) and OD. Also, we explored clinical variables and partner sexual conditions. We performed logistic regression models with nonparametric bootstrap resampling to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
We included data of 5,391 women in the analysis. Regarding CS, 24.8%, 10.8%, 28.4%, and 32.9% had respectively severe symptoms according to total, somatic, psychological, and urogenital domain scores of the Menopause Rating Scale. OD was found in 25.4% of women. The adjusted model (including menopausal status and partner sexual dysfunction) showed that severe CS increased the odds of OD (aOR = 2.77; 95% CI: 2.41-3.19 [total Menopause Rating Scale score]; aOR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.37-2.00 [somatic domain]; aOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.76-2.32 [psychological domain] and aOR = 3.89; 95% CI: 3.40-4.45 [urogenital]).

Conclusions:
Severe CS were associated with OD independently of demographic, clinical, and partner variables. Severe urogenital symptoms had the strongest association.
Impact of Nutrition Support Team in Achieving Target Calories in Children Admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zeeshan Arsheen , Nairn Qurat ul Ain , Jawwad Muhammad , Saeed Amna Afzal , Abbas Qalab , Hague Anwar ul 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjective:To determine the impact of nutrition support team (NST) on achieving an early target caloric goal in mechanically ventilated children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:An early enteral nutrition protocol (EENP) was implemented by NST to ensure early and adequate nutrition provision to PICU patients. All children (1 month– 18 years) that were admitted in PICU for >2days and received mechanical ventilation, with no contraindications to enteral feed, were included and data was compared with those of pre‐intervention. The adequacy of energy intake was defined as 70% achievement of target energy intake on the third day of admission. Chi‐square/t‐test was used to determine the difference between different variables pre and post intervention.Results:Total 180 patients (99 and 81 in pre‐ and post‐intervention group, respectively) were included. Overall, 115 (63.9%) received adequate calories (70%) on third day of admission. Of which 69 (85.2%) were from post intervention (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] 6.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.195–13.73). Moreover, NST intervention also promoted adequate protein intake in 62 (76.5%) children compared to 37 (37.4%) in pre‐intervention group (P < 0.001, OR 5.468, 95% CI 2.838– 10.534). The median (interquartile range) length of PiCU stay in pre‐NST group was 6 (4–9) days and in NST supported group was 4 (3–4) days (OR 0.580, CI 0.473–0.712, P < 0.001). Age, severity of illness, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, sepsis, need of organ support had no effect in achievement of caloric target in both the groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Introduction of EENP with NST helped in the achievement of better and quicker target caloric intake.
Structural Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Hybrid Approach
Authors: Toriumi Dean M. , Kovacevic Milos , Kosins Aaron M. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Structural preservation rhinoplasty merges two popular philosophies of rhinoplasty—structure rhinoplasty and preservation rhinoplasty—in an effort to maximize patient outcomes, aesthetics, and function. This allows the surgeon to both preserve the favorable attributes of the nose, and also to structure the nasal tip and dorsum with grafts to maximize contour and support. The concept of dorsal preservation is to preserve favorable dorsal aesthetic lines without the creation of an “open roof.” However, the addition of some structure concepts can expand the utility of dorsal preservation in primary rhinoplasty patients. The authors discuss these structure concepts and their applicability to dorsal preservation.
Characteristics and Patterns of Facial Fractures in the Elderly Population in the United States Based on Trauma Quality Improvement Project Data
Authors: Irgebay Zhazira , Kahan Elias H. , Park Kitae E. , Choi James , Zellner Elizabeth G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
With the increase in the elderly population in the United States, the number of people seeking care for trauma injuries is expected to increase. However, nationwide studies on epidemiological profile of elderly facial fractures remain sparse. The authors present the epidemiological measures of elderly facial fractures on national scale. Characteristics of facial fractures among younger adults (18–64 years old) and the elderly population (65–74 years old, 75–84 years old and 85 years and above) have been examined using the 2016 American College of Surgeons–Trauma Quality Improvement Program databank. Variables studied included facial fracture patterns, mechanisms of injury, treatment variables, and demographic descriptive data. Of 104,183 elderly trauma patients, 3415 presented with facial fractures, making up 3.3% (versus 6.5% in younger adults). Majority of facial fractures in 85 and over group (60.7%) were experienced by females, compared to only 19.5% in the younger adult group. Most common mechanism of injury in the elderly was falls, versus motor vehicle trauma in younger adults. The most common type of facial fractures among both groups were nasal fractures. Elderly patients presented with fewer zygoma, mandibular and nasal fractures when compared to younger adults, whereas showing more maxillary/malar and orbital bone fractures. Elderly patients experienced less operative management (4.3%–8.2%) compared to younger adults (15.6%). Concurrently, mortality rates were higher in the elderly patients (9.9%–11.8%) when compared to the younger adults (8.0%). Elderly patients presented with different causes of injury, distribution of fractures, and rates of operative management compared to younger adults.
Covid-19 Exposure Assessment Tool (CEAT): Easy-to-use tool to quantify exposure based on airflow, group behavior, and infection prevalence in the community
Authors: Schimmoller Brian J. , Trovão Nídia S. , Isbell Molly , Goel Chirag , Heck Benjamin F. , Archer Tenley C. , Cardinal Klint D. , Naik Neil B. , Dutta Som , Daniel Ahleah Rohr , Beheshti Afshin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 Exposure Assessment Tool (CEAT) allows users to compare respiratory relative risk to SARS-CoV-2 for various scenarios, providing understanding of how combinations of protective measures affect exposure, dose, and risk. CEAT incorporates mechanistic, stochastic and epidemiological factors including the: 1) emission rate of virus, 2) viral aerosol degradation and removal, 3) duration of activity/exposure, 4) inhalation rates, 5) ventilation rates (indoors/outdoors), 6) volume of indoor space, 7) filtration, 8) mask use and effectiveness, 9) distance between people, 10) group size, 11) current infection rates by variant, 12) prevalence of infection and immunity in the community, 13) vaccination rates of the community, and 14) implementation of COVID-19 testing procedures. Demonstration of CEAT, from published studies of COVID-19 transmission events, shows the model accurately predicts transmission. We also show how health and safety professionals at NASA Ames Research Center used CEAT to manage potential risks posed by SARS-CoV-2 exposures. Given its accuracy and flexibility, the wide use of CEAT will have a long lasting beneficial impact in managing both the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as a variety of other scenarios.
Sequence conservation need not imply purifying selection: evidence from mammalian stop codon usage
Authors: Ho Alexander T. , Hurst Laurence D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe assumption that conservation of sequence implies the action of purifying selection is central to diverse methodologies to infer functional importance. In mammals, however, GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC), a meiotic mismatch repair bias strongly favouring GC over AT, can in principle mimic the action of selection. As mutation is GC→AT biased, to demonstrate that gBGC does indeed cause false signals requires confidence that an AT-rich residue is selectively optimal compared to its more GC-rich allele, while showing also that the GC-rich alternative is conserved. We propose that mammalian stop codon evolution provides a robust test case. Although in most taxa TAA is the optimal stop codon, TGA is both abundant and conserved in mammalian genomes. We show that this mammalian exceptionalism is well explained by gBGC mimicking purifying selection and that TAA is the selectively optimal codon. Supportive of gBGC, we observe (i) TGA usage trends are consistent at the focal stop and elsewhere (in UTR sequences), (ii) that higher TGA usage and higher TAA→TGA substitution rates are predicted by high recombination rate and (iii) across species the difference in TAA <-> TGA rates between GC rich and GC poor genes is largest in genomes that possess higher between-gene GC variation. TAA optimality is supported both by enrichment in highly expressed genes and trends associated with effective population size. High TGA usage and high TAA→TGA rates in mammals are thus consistent with gBGC’s predicted ability to “drive” deleterious mutations and supports the hypothesis that sequence conservation need not be indicative of purifying selection. A general trend for GC-rich trinucleotides to reside at frequencies far above their mutational equilibrium in high recombining domains supports generality of these results.
Precision recruitment for high-risk participants in a COVID-19 research study
Authors: Mezlini Aziz M. , Caddigan Eamon , Shapiro Allison , Ramirez Ernesto , Kondow-McConaghy Helena M. , Yang Justin , DeMarco Kerry , Naraghi-Arani Pejman , Foschini Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies for developing diagnostics and treatments for infectious diseases usually require observing the onset of infection during the study period. However, when the infection base rate incidence is low, the cohort size required to measure an effect becomes large, and recruitment becomes costly and prolonged. We describe an approach for reducing recruiting time and resources in a COVID-19 study by targeting recruitment to high-risk individuals. Our approach is based on direct and longitudinal connection with research participants and computes individual risk scores from individually permissioned data about socioeconomic and behavioural data, in combination with predicted local prevalence data. When we used these scores to recruit a balanced cohort of participants for a COVID-19 detection study, we obtained a 4–7-fold greater COVID-19 infection incidence compared with similar real-world study cohorts.
The tail domain of neurofilament light chain accumulates in neuronal nuclei during oxidative injury
Authors: Arsić Aleksandra , Nikić-Spiegel Ivana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurofilament light chain (NFL), one of the major subunits of neuron-specific intermediate filaments, is an important component of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Mutations in the NEFL gene and disturbances of NFL turnover or transport are associated with the pathophysiology of various diseases of the nervous system. Also, NFL is released from neurons as a result of neuroaxonal damage and NFL levels in cerebrospinal fluid and blood have emerged as a biomarker of the progression of numerous neurological diseases. One common underlying factor in these diseases is oxidative stress. Although both NFL and oxidative injury play a role in the development of neurological diseases, the effect of oxidative stress on NFL at the cellular level has not been extensively studied. Here, by investigating the response of neurofilaments to in vitro oxidative injury, we discovered that NFL localizes in the nuclei of primary neurons. We show that this depends on calpain activity and determine that a proteolytic fragment of the tail domain, not the full-length NFL, is that which accumulates in the nuclei. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the recombinant NFL tail domain accumulates in the nuclei of neurons and neuroblastoma cells, even in the absence of oxidative injury. Finally, we show that the tail domain of NFL interacts with the DNA in the nuclei of living cells, suggesting that NFL plays a role in the regulation of gene expression in response to oxidative injury.
Comments on snails of the genus Zoniferella from Ecuador (Mollusca: Achatinidae), with restriction of the type locality “Los Puentes” for several species of Gastropoda and Arachnida
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Valencia Roberto F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe genus Zoniferella includes six taxa of land snails from Colombia and Ecuador for which little has been published beyond their original descriptions. In this paper, we present new records of Zoniferella vespera, a species previously known only from its type locality, expanding its range across northwestern Ecuador. We provide the first description of the colouration in life for Zoniferella snails. We comment on the similarities among some species of Zoniferella, suggesting the possibility that Z. vespera and Z. riveti are junior synonyms of Z. albobalteata, and Z. bicingulata is a synonym of Z. riveti var. bizonalis (as Z. bizonalis). Finally, we offer evidence to allow the restriction of the locality of “Los Puentes”, type locality of Mesembrinis vesperus Jousseaume, 1887 = Zoniferella vespera (Gastropoda: Achatinidae); Isomeria bourcieri lutea Cousin, 1887 (Gastropoda: Labyrinthidae); Guestieria locardi Jousseaume, 1887 (Gastropoda: Scolodontidae); Proserpinella cousini Jousseaume, 1887 (Gastropoda: Proserpinellidae); Idiophthalma robusta Simon, 1889 (Arachnida: Barychelidae); Eurypelma (Lasiodora) augusti Simon, 1889 = Pamphobeteus augusti (Arachnida: Theraphosidae), Eurypelma (Lasiodora) vespertinus Simon, 1889 = Pamphobeteus vespertinus (Arachnida: Theraphosidae).
The demand for wildlife not protected by the CITES multilateral treaty
Authors: Watters Freyja , Stringham Oliver , Shepherd Chris , Cassey Phillip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe international wildlife trade presents severe conservation and environmental security risks. However, no international regulatory framework exists to monitor the trade of species not listed in the appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We explored the composition and dynamics of internationally regulated versus non-regulated trade, focussing on importations of wild-caught terrestrial vertebrates entering the United States of America (US) from 2009-2018. The prominence of the US in global wildlife imports and its detailed data collection conventions allows a unique opportunity to formally assess this substantial but often overlooked and understudied component of the legal wildlife trade. We found 3.6 times the number of unlisted species in US imports compared with CITES-listed species (1,366 versus 378). CITES-listed species were more likely to face reported conservation threats relative to the unlisted species (71.7% vs 27.5%). Yet, we found 376 unlisted species facing conversation threats, 297 species with unknown population trends and 139 species without an evaluation by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Unlisted species appeared novelly in imports at 5.5 times higher rates relative to CITES-listed species, where unlisted reptiles saw the largest rate of entry, averaging 53 unique species appearing in imports for the first time per year. Overall trade volumes were substantially larger for unlisted imports with approximately 11 times the number of animals relative to CITES-listed imports, however, import volumes were similar when compared at a species-by-species level. We found that the countries that were top exporters for CITES-listed shipments were mostly different from exporters of unlisted species. In highlighting the vulnerabilities of the wild-caught unlisted vertebrate trade entering the US and in the face of increasing global demand, we recommend governments adapt policies to monitor the trade of all wildlife.
Intercellular CRISPR Screens Enhance the Discovery of Cancer Immunotherapy Targets
Authors: Yim Soorin , Hwang Woochang , Han Namshik , Lee Doheon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer immunotherapy works through the interplay between immune and cancer cells. Particularly, interactions between cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and cancer cells, such as PDCD1 (PD-1) and CD274 (PD-L1), are crucial for removing cancer cells. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting these interactions are effective only to a subset of patients, requiring the development of novel immunotherapy drugs with novel targets.Genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screening in either cancer or immune cells has been used to discover regulators of immune cell function as immunotherapeutic targets. However, the method has two main limitations. First, performing CRISPR screens in one cell type alone makes it difficult to identify essential intercellular interactions due to the focus on single genes instead of interactions. Second, pooled screening is associated with high noise levels. Therefore, we propose intercellular CRISPR screens, which perform genome-wide CRISPR screening in every interacting cell type to discover intercellular interactions as immunotherapeutic targets.Intercellular CRISPR screens use two individual genome-wide CRISPR screens one each in immune and cancer cells to evaluate intercellular interactions that are crucial for killing cancer cells. We used two publicly available genome-wide CRISPR screening datasets obtained while triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and CTLs were interacting. We analyzed 4825 interactions between 1391 ligands and receptors on TNBC cells and CTLs to assess the effects of intercellular interactions on CTL function by incorporating both CRISPR datasets and the expression levels of ligands and receptors.Our results showed that intercellular CRISPR screens discovered targets of approved drugs, a few of which were not identifiable using single datasets. To quantitatively evaluate the method’s performance, we used data for cytokines and costimulatory molecules because they constitute the majority of immunotherapeutic targets. Combining both CRISPR datasets improved the F1 score of discovering these genes relative to using single CRISPR datasets by more than twice.Our results indicate that intercellular CRISPR screens can identify novel immune-oncology targets that were not obtained using individual CRISPR screens. The pipeline can be extended to other cancer and immune cell types, such as natural killer cells, to identify important intercellular interactions as potential immunotherapeutic targets.
Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1 regulates the activation of mouse CD8 T cells
Authors: D’Angeli Vanessa , Monzón-Casanova Elisa , Matheson Louise S. , Gizlenci Özge , Petkau Georg , Gooding Clare , Berrens Rebecca V. , Smith Christopher W. J. , Turner Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that the RNA-binding protein Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1 (PTBP1) is dispensable for the development of naïve mouse CD8 T cells, but is necessary for the optimal expansion and production of effector molecules by antigen-specific CD8 T cellsin vivo. PTBP1 has an essential role in regulating the early events following activation of the naïve CD8 T cell leading to IL-2 and TNF production. It is also required to protect activated CD8 T cells from apoptosis. PTBP1 controls alternative splicing of over 400 genes in naïve CD8 T cells in addition to regulating the abundance of ∼200 mRNAs. PTBP1 is required for the nuclear accumulation of c-Fos, NFATc2 and NFATc3, but not NFATc1. This selective effect on NFAT proteins correlates with PTBP1-promoted expression of the shorter Aβ1 isoform and exon 13 skipped Aβ2 isoform of the catalytic A-subunit of calcineurin phosphatase. These findings reveal a crucial role for PTBP1 in regulating CD8 T cell activation.