bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Evaluation of Pressures in a Grease-Lubricated Bearing
Authors: Lawrence K. B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Of the various methods proposed in the past for the numerical evaluation of pressures developed in a film of lubricant, perhaps the best method, in general, consists of the application of a finite-difference formula developed from the fundamental differential equation. Such a formula has been developed by Derman G. Christopherson (1), who also has shown that the formula gives accurate results when applied to calculations involving oil-lubricated bearings. The author herein applies the finite-difference formula to calculations of the pressure distribution existing in a grease-lubricated bearing and compares the results obtained with the results of a recent experimental investigation by Cohn and Oren (2), which was conducted under similar conditions of operation.
Heat Transfer to Superheated Steam at High Pressures
Authors: McAdams W. H. , Kennel W. E. , Addoms J. N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Local coefficients of heat transfer from a 12.3-in. length of 0.252-in. tubing to steam flowing upward in a vertical annulus were measured for pressures from 115 to 3500 psia, for temperatures from 430 to 1000 F, and for temperature differences from 100 to 620 F. All results are correlated in Fig. 8 in terms of the local Nusselt number, the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number, and the geometrical ratio L/Dc with the physical properties evaluated at the film temperature. An improved correlation, employing new data on thermal conductivity, is presented in Fig. 10 of the Addendum.
Vibration of Marine-Turbine Blading
Authors: Nolan R. W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to give a general explanation of the vibration phenomena encountered in turbine design. Detailed methods have been omitted. The behavior of a vibrating cantilever is expressed in terms of the exciting force and damping factor. The sources of damping and excitation are discussed. Impulse excitation is briefly considered and the reasons for its devastating effects are shown. The procedure of tuning low-pressure blading, to avoid resonance at the lower harmonics of the turbine speed, is explained in considerable detail. An apparatus for determining the natural frequency of blading, and another for applying both tensile and alternating bending stresses simultaneously, are described. The direct tensile stress in the test is plotted versus the alternating bending stress which causes failure, thus obtaining a curve which shows the resistance of the blade to any combination of these stresses. The designed stresses for certain turbine blades and the stresses involved in several blade failures have been plotted on this diagram for purposes of comparison.
Feedwater Treatment During Early Operation of Steam-Electric Stations
Authors: Alexander R. C. , Rummel J. K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Based upon the experience with five high-pressure steam-generating units installed at the Harbor Steam Plant of the City of Los Angeles during the last six years, the authors devise some basic practices to follow during early operation of such installations. Their study includes such items as cleaning the feed system, corrosion prevention, chemical control of corrosion, sampling and control tests of the feedwater system, and inspection of equipment.
Effect of Size on the Design and Performance of Internal-Combustion Engines
Authors: Taylor C. F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The importance of the problem is outlined and size effects isolated from other effects. Three similar engines were tested at the Sloan Laboratories at M.I.T. Mechanical stresses, volumetric efficiency, heat losses, and wall temperatures are explained as a function of cylinder size. The effects of cylinder size on combustion and fuel requirements are pointed out.
Accelerated-Cavitation Research
Authors: Rheingans W. J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The cavitation-pitting tests described in this paper were made with an accelerated-cavitation machine of the vibratory type. An attempt was made to solve some of the phenomena of cavitation by varying the amplitude of vibration, by varying the depth of submergence of the test specimen in the test liquid, and by using alkalis, acids, and oils for the test liquid. Other tests were made to determine the relative resistance to pitting of recently developed materials and techniques for applying these materials. Results showed that accelerated-cavitation tests can be used to determine some of the mechanics of cavitation, as well as to indicate that some of the newly developed materials might be suitable for use on hydraulic machinery under operating conditions where cavitation occurs.
Zero-Pressure Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen
Authors: Goff J. A. , Gratch Serge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this report are presented tables of the principal thermodynamic properties of carbon monoxide and of nitrogen along the zero-pressure isobar in the range 100 to 5000 deg R at the intervals indicated by the numbers in parentheses as follows: 100[5]130[10]240[20]500[50]1000[100]2000[200]5000. The data have been computed by the method of quantum statistical mechanics in the University of Pennsylvania Thermodynamics Research Laboratory under Project G-3. Computational accuracy well beyond present physical accuracy has been maintained for practical reasons. It is believed that the tables given herein should supersede all previous ones. The calculated values are in satisfactory agreement with those obtained from calorimetric and acoustic velocity measurements.
The Thermodynamic Properties of Helium
Authors: Akin S. W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Evaluation has been made of the density, enthalpy, entropy, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of helium in the range of pressures from atmospheric to 6000 psia and at temperatures from −440 F to 600 F. These data are composed of observed values published prior to 1945, and of extrapolations based upon the Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state and kinetic theory. The results evaluated to four significant figures are tabulated for particular values of pressure and temperature. Graphic plots of the same information are also presented, with an accuracy sufficient for investigations of flow and heat-transfer processes involving high-pressure helium.
Compilation of Thermal Properties of Wind-Tunnel and Jet-Engine Gases at the National Bureau of Standards
Authors: Hoge Harold J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A project for the preparation of a series of tables of thermal properties of gases is described. This project was undertaken by the National Bureau of Standards at the suggestion and with the co-operation of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The scope of the project, tables now available, work in progress, and plans for the future are described. The lack of adequate data at high temperatures and also at high pressures is pointed out.
Pressure Drop and Convective Heat Transfer With Surface Boiling at High Heat Flux; Data for Aniline and n-Butyl Alcohol
Authors: Kreith Frank , Summerfield Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Heat-transfer coefficients to commercial-grade aniline and n-butyl alcohol have been measured at high rates of heat flux. Data have been obtained for both of the liquids in the heat-flux range from 0.3 to 3 Btu/sq in. sec and in the pressure range from 30 to 400 psia at velocities from 20 to 40 fps. The test section consisted of a ½-in-ID stainless-steel tube which was heated electrically.
The Evaluation of Steam-Power-Plant Losses by Means of the Entropy-Balance Diagram
Authors: Keller Allen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with a method of isolating and evaluating the various cycle losses of a condensing steam power plant. Each loss in the steam cycle causes an increase of entropy. By considering each of these entropy increases on a “per hour” basis instead of a “per pound” basis, the heat rejection to the condenser caused by each individual loss can be evaluated quickly.
Head and Flow Observations on a High-Efficiency Free Centrifugal-Pump Impeller
Authors: Osborne W. C. , Morelli D. A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A series of studies of the flow through the various components of hydrodynamic machinery is in progress in the Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology. Observations have been made on an impeller patterned after the Grand Coulee design. The impeller was operated as an isolated unit hydraulically free of the casing. The flow pattern at the discharge has been determined quantitatively for one flow rate, and a head-capacity curve for the impeller has been obtained. This paper constitutes a report on the findings up to the present.
Heat-Transfer and Flow-Friction Characteristics of Some Compact Heat-Exchanger Surfaces: Part 2—Design Data for Thirteen Surfaces
Authors: Kays W. M. , London A. L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
New developments in prime-mover and process equipment have created a greater need for compact heat-transfer surfaces. This paper presents basic heat-transfer and flow-friction design data for thirteen such surfaces which may be described generally as the plate-fin type and finned-flat-tube type. In addition to the use of the conventional nondimensional correlations, the various surfaces are compared on heat-transfer coefficient versus flow-friction-horsepower basis.
The Evolution and Impact of Human Confidence in Artificial Intelligence and in Themselves on AI-Assisted Decision-Making in Design
Authors: Chong Leah , Raina Ayush , Goucher-Lambert Kosa , Kotovsky Kenneth , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Decision-making assistance by artificial intelligence (AI) during design is only effective when human designers properly utilize the AI input. However, designers often misjudge the AI’s and/or their own ability, leading to erroneous reliance on AI and therefore bad designs occur. To avoid such outcomes, it is crucial to understand the evolution of designers’ confidence in both their AI teammate(s) and themselves during AI-assisted decision-making. Therefore, this work conducts a cognitive study to explore how to experience various and changing (without notice) AI performance levels and feedback affects these confidences and consequently the decisions to accept or reject AI suggestions. The results first reveal that designers’ confidence in an AI agent changes with poor, but not with good, AI performance in this work. Interestingly, designers’ self-confidence initially remains unaffected by AI accuracy; however, when the accuracy changes, self-confidence decreases regardless of the direction of the change. Moreover, this work finds that designers tend to infer flawed information from feedback, resulting in inappropriate levels of confidence in both the AI and themselves. Confidence in AI and self-confidence are also shown to affect designers’ probability of accepting AI input in opposite directions in this study. Finally, results that are uniquely applicable to design are identified by comparing the findings from this work to those from a similar study conducted with a non-design task. Overall, this work offers valuable insights that may enable the detection of designers’ dynamic confidence and their consequent misuse of AI input in the design.
The face of Smith-Magenis syndrome: a subjective and objective study
Authors: Allanson Judith E , Greenberg Frank , Smith Ann C M 
Published: July 2022

We report a study of 55 subjects with Smith-Magenis syndrome, aged 9 months to 35 years. Each person has been evaluated with an assessment of “gestalt” and detailed facial measurement, using previously published methodology, with compilation of Z score pattern profiles.The facial phenotype of SMS is quite distinctive, even in the young child. The overall face shape is broad and square. The brows are heavy, with excessive lateral extension of the eyebrows. The eyes slant upwards and appear close set and deep set. The nose has a depressed root and, in the young child, a scooped bridge. With time, the bridge becomes more ski jump shaped. The height of the nose is markedly reduced while the nasal base is broad and the tip of the nose is full. The shape of the mouth and upper lip are most distinctive. The mouth is wide with full upper and lower lips. The central portion of the upper lip is fleshy and everted with bulky philtral pillars, producing a tented appearance that, in profile, is striking. With age, mandibular growth is greater than average and exceeds that of the maxilla. This leads to increased jaw width and protrusion and marked midface hypoplasia.Craniofacial pattern analysis supports these subjective impressions. After mid-childhood, mandibular dimensions consistently exceed their maxillary counterparts. Craniofacial widths are greater than corresponding depths and heights. Nasal height is reduced while nasal width is increased. There is mild brachycephaly. The most marked age related changes are increased width of the nose and lower face (mandibular width) with reduction in nasal height and midfacial depth.
A quest for the origin of the Sagnac effect
Authors: Bhadra Arunava , Ghose Souvik , Raychaudhuri Biplab 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the literature, there is no consensus on the origin of the relativistic Sagnac effect, particularly from the standpoint of the rotating observer. The experiments of Wang et al. (Phys Lett A 312(1–2):7, 2003; Phys Rev Lett 93(14):143901, 2004) has, however, questioned the pivotal role of rotation of the platform in Sagnac effect. Recently, the relative motion between the reflectors which force light to propagate along a closed path and the observer has been ascribed as the cause of the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose a thought experiment on linear Sagnac effect and explore another one proposed earlier to demonstrate that the origin of the Sagnac effect is neither the rotation of frame affecting clock synchronization nor the relative motion between the source and the observer; Sagnac effect originates purely due to asymmetric position of the observer with respect to the light paths. Such a conclusion is validated by analysis of a gedanken Sagnac kind experiment involving rotation.
Dominating the Wild: How Have Companies Been Leveraging Cryptoeconomics to Shape Markets Through Business Model Innovation?
Authors: Araújo Allysson Allex , Soares Pamella , Saraiva Raphael , Câmara Samuel , Souza Jerffeson 
Published: July 2022

A recent emerging market that has impacting companies, customers, and society is the one embedded in Cryptoeconomics. However, although promising, management research has been scarce in drawing the Business Model Innovation (BMI) based on Cryptoeconomics as a new market, including its theoretical underpinnings. Acknowledging both the research gap and the practical relevance of market representations and business models in the market shaping phenomenon, we conduct a pioneering empirical study to investigate how forward-looking firms have practiced Cryptoeconomics to shape new markets through BMI. As significant contributions, (i) we provide a conceptual framework to clarify the market shaping process led by companies that devise Cryptoeconomics as a strategic tool for BMI and, finally, (ii) we unfold the market practices associated with the market shaping process enacted by multiple case studies, including how these practices are interlinked as socio-material phenomena in the light of BMI constructs.
Enhanced Spin Transfer Torque in Single Barrier Model Tunnel Junctions Containing Disordered Interface
Authors: Harikumar Parvathy , Chandra Sharat 
Published: July 2022

We investigate the role of magnetic impurities in the barrier region in enhancing the torque transferred to the free ferromagnet layer in a non-collinear model tunnel junction. The tunnel junction is modeled using the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism within the tight-binding approximation. The position of the impurity which is described by the single impurity Anderson model is found to have a profound impact on the trends observed in the spin transfer torque. The parallel ([Formula: see text]) torque is observed to have a switch on-off step-like bias behavior while the perpendicular ([Formula: see text]) torque exhibits a change in sign between the switch-on bias voltages. The spin transfer torque is found to be dramatically enhanced when the impurity is positioned at the interface of a five-layer barrier which is three orders of magnitude larger even at temperatures as high as 200[Formula: see text]K. With this formulation the effect of Coulomb repulsion at the impurity site on the torque could be deduced and the obtained results are explained in terms of the region-wise electronic density of states in the junction.
Repurposing Azacitidine and Carboplatin to Prime Immune Checkpoint Blockade–resistant Melanoma for Anti-PD-L1 Rechallenge
Authors: van der Westhuizen Andre , Lyle Megan , Graves Moira C. , Zhu Xiaoqiang , Wong Jason W. H. , Cornall Kerrie , Ren Shu , Pugliese Leanna , Levy Richard , Majid Adeeb , Vilain Ricardo E. , Bowden Nikola A. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:Drug repurposing offers the opportunity for chemotherapy to be used to reestablish sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here we investigated the clinical and translational aspects of an early phase II study of azacitidine and carboplatin priming for anti-PDL1 immunotherapy (avelumab) in patients with advanced ICB-resistant melanoma.Experimental Design:A total of 20 participants with ICB-resistant metastatic melanoma received 2 × 4-week cycles of azacitidine and carboplatin followed by ICB rechallenge with anti-PD-L1 avelumab. The primary objective was overall response rate after priming and ICB rechallenge. Secondary objectives were clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Translational correlation analysis of HLA-A and PD-L1 expression, RNA sequencing, and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of biopsies at baseline, after priming and after six cycles of avelmuab was performed.Results:The overall response rate (ORR) determined after azacitidine and carboplatin priming was 10% (2/20) with two partial responses (PR). The ORR determined after priming followed by six cycles of avelumab (week 22) was 10%, with 2 of 20 participants achieving immune partial response (iPR). The CBR for azacitidine and carboplatin priming was 65% (13/20) and after priming followed by six cycles of avelumab CBR was 35% (n = 7/20). The median PFS was 18.0 weeks [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.87–21.13 weeks] and the median OS was 47.86 weeks (95% CI: 9.67–86.06 weeks). Translational correlation analysis confirmed HLA-A generally increased after priming with azacitidine and carboplatin, particularly if it was absent at the start of treatment. Average methylation of CpGs across the HLA-A locus was decreased after priming and T cells, in particular CD8+, showed the greatest increase in infiltration.Conclusions:Priming with azacitidine and carboplatin can induce disease stabilization and resensitization to ICB for metastatic melanoma.Significance:There are limited treatments for melanoma once resistance to ICB occurs. Chemotherapy induces immune-related responses and may be repurposed to reinstate the response to ICB. This study provides the first evidence that chemotherapy can provide clinical benefit and increase OS for ICB-resistant melanoma.
River edge feeding: Howler monkey feeding ecology in a fragmented riparian forest
Authors: Bolt Laura M. , Russell Dorian G. , Schreier Amy L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rivers are important components of animal habitats worldwide. The area near riparian edge (⩽100 m from the river) has different abiotic characteristics and vegetation than both forest interior and areas bordering human development, which may lead to differences in animal feeding behaviour. To better contextualize the impact of human-caused habitat destruction on animal feeding ecology, it is important to study both natural riparian and anthropogenic forest edges within the same habitat. We compared howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) feeding behaviour and tree use across four forest zones (riparian edge, anthropogenic edge, forest interior, and combined riparian and anthropogenic edge) in a fragmented riparian rainforest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station (LSBRS). We predicted that monkey feeding behaviour and tree use would differ across forest zones, and especially between riparian and anthropogenic edges due to higher vegetation quality near the river. We observed individual focal monkeys for 30-minute periods, collecting data on monkey feeding behaviour and tree use every 2 minutes. We recorded plant parts eaten and feeding tree taxonomy, and measured feeding trees. Monkeys ate more leaves in riparian edge than in other forest zones, and fed from fewer tree families in riparian edge and forest interior compared to anthropogenic edge. Monkeys also fed from trees with smaller DBH in riparian edge compared to other forest zones, but trees of similar height to forest interior and taller than anthropogenic edge. Our results indicate that riparian zones are rich habitats for howler monkeys and conservation efforts should prioritize their preservation.
Rope bridges provide safe connectivity for the southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940) in an urban Atlantic Forest remnant
Authors: Monticelli Cauê , Comassetto Maciel Priscila , de Oliveira Garcia Francini 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) population occurs in a remnant of Atlantic Forest located inside an urban area of the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. This population has been heavily anthropogenically impacted by collisions with vehicles, electrocutions on power lines, and falls onto roads. With the aim of reducing these impacts on howler monkeys, we installed four rope bridges in the forest canopy in Fontes do Ipiranga State Park (PEFI). We used mortality data collected within the PEFI to identify areas with high incident rates to place the bridges. The bridges were monitored continuously (24 hours per day) with camera traps for the 12 months following bridge installation (with one exception). The goal of this study was to evaluate the functionality of the bridges in road impact mitigation for the howler monkeys in the PEFI and for other arboreal species. We recorded use of three of the four rope bridges by five of the six arboreal mammal species known to occur in the PEFI with the following frequency: southern brown howler monkey – 60.5% of events, 70.8 events/month; orange-spined hairy dwarf porcupine – Coendou spinosus, 26.1% of events, 31 events/month; black-eared opossum – Didelphis aurita, 7.2% of events, 7.3 events/month, bare-tailed woolly opossum – Caluromys philander, 3.4% of events, 4.3 events/month and marmoset – Callithrix sp., 2.7% of events, 3.38 events/month. The time to first use of the bridges by howler monkeys in the two bridges for which there were data was 2 and 77 days, while other species took longer to habituate (113–344 days). Adult howler monkeys used all parts of the bridges to cross while younger howlers and the smaller species used mostly the longitudinal side lines. Given our findings of rope bridge use by five species in the PEFI, we recommend the installation of rope bridges of this design in other areas with similar species composition.