bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alloying Co Species into Ordered and Interconnected Macroporous Carbon Polyhedra for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Bo , Liu Da , Guo Peifang , Liu Jing , Wang Ruirui , Guo Yanhui , Tu Xin , Pan Hongge , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang , Wu Renbing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEngineering non‐precious transition metal (TM)‐based electrocatalysts to simultaneously achieve an optimal intrinsic activity, high density of active sites, and rapid mass transfer ability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, a hybrid composite consisting of FexCo alloy nanoparticles uniformly implanted into hierarchically ordered macro‐/meso‐/microporous N‐doped carbon polyhedra (HOMNCP) is rationally designed. The combined results of experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the alloying of Co enables a favorable electronic structure for the formation of the *OH intermediate, while the periodically trimodal‐porous structured carbon matrix structure not only provides highly accessible channels for active site utilization but also dramatically facilitates mass transfer in the catalytic process. As expected, the Fe0.5Co@HOMNCP composite catalyst exhibits extraordinary ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.903 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), surpassing most Co‐based catalysts reported to date. More remarkably, the use of the Fe0.5Co@HOMNCP catalyst as the air electrode in a zinc–air battery results in superior open‐circuit voltage and power density compared to a commercial Pt/C + IrO2 catalyst. The results of this study are expected to inspire the development of advanced TM‐based catalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.
Dative Epitaxy of Commensurate Monocrystalline Covalent van der Waals Moiré Supercrystal
Authors: Bian Mengying , Zhu Liang , Wang Xiao , Choi Junho , Chopdekar Rajesh V. , Wei Sichen , Wu Lishu , Huai Chang , Marga Austin , Yang Qishuo , Li Yuguang C. , Yao Fei , Yu Ting , Crooker Scott A. , Cheng Xuemei M. , Sabirianov Renat F. , Zhang Shengbai , Lin Junhao , Hou Yanglong , Zeng Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRealizing van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy in the 1980s represents a breakthrough that circumvents the stringent lattice matching and processing compatibility requirements in conventional covalent heteroepitaxy. However, due to the weak vdW interactions, there is little control over film qualities by the substrate. Typically, discrete domains with a spread of misorientation angles are formed, limiting the applicability of vdW epitaxy. Here, the epitaxial growth of monocrystalline, covalent Cr5Te8 2D crystals on monolayer vdW WSe2 by chemical vapor deposition is reported, driven by interfacial dative bond formation. The lattice of Cr5Te8, with a lateral dimension of a few tens of micrometers, is fully commensurate with that of WSe2 via 3 × 3 (Cr5Te8)/7 × 7 (WSe2) supercell matching, forming a single‐crystalline moiré superlattice. This work establishes a conceptually distinct paradigm of thin‐film epitaxy, termed “dative epitaxy”, which takes full advantage of covalent epitaxy with chemical bonding for fixing the atomic registry and crystal orientation, while circumventing its stringent lattice matching and processing compatibility requirements; conversely, it ensures the full flexibility of vdW epitaxy, while avoiding its poor orientation control. Cr5Te8 2D crystals grown by dative epitaxy exhibit square magnetic hysteresis, suggesting minimized interfacial defects that can serve as pinning sites.
Magnon‐Coupled Intralayer Moiré Trion in Monolayer Semiconductor–Antiferromagnet Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Yan , Kim Heejun , Zhang Wenjin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Gao Yanlin , Maruyama Mina , Okada Susumu , Shinokita Keisuke , Matsuda Kazunari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMoiré fringe patterns created by stacking different 2D layered materials as artificial van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have become a novel platform to study and engineer optically generated excitonic properties. The moiré patterns contribute to the formation of spatially ordered excitonic states (excitons and trions), which can be used in the quantum simulation of many‐body systems and ensembles of coherent quantum light emitters. The intriguing moiré excitonic properties are affected by and controlled via the interaction with magnetic elements. Here, a moiré excitonic system interacting with the magnetic elementary excitation of antiferromagnetic orders in MoSe2/MnPS3 vdW heterostructures is reported. The low‐temperature photoluminescence spectra with additional fine spectral structures on the low‐energy side, which are coupled magnon–trion peaks below the Néel temperature of MnPS3, are carefully investigated. The fine spectral structures with long lifetime and coherence time are assigned to intralayer trion–magnon complexes trapped in the moiré potentials (moiré trion–magnon complexes). These findings highlight the emergence of moiré trion–magnon complexes and provide a new way to explore novel quantum phenomena in moiré excitonic systems with magnetic functionalities.
A Molecular‐Switch‐Embedded Organic Photodiode for Capturing Images against Strong Backlight
Authors: Kang Mingyun , Hassan Syed Zahid , Ko Seong‐Min , Choi Changwon , Kim Juhee , Parumala Santosh K. R. , Kim Yun‐Hi , Jang Yun Hee , Yoon Jinhwan , Jee Dong‐Woo , Chung Dae Sung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen the intensity of the incident light increases, the photocurrents of organic photodiodes (OPDs) exhibit relatively early saturation, due to which OPDs cannot easily detect objects against strong backlights, such as sunlight. In this study, this problem is addressed by introducing a light‐intensity‐dependent transition of the operation mode, such that the operation mode of the OPD autonomously changes to overcome early photocurrent saturation as the incident light intensity passes the threshold intensity. The photoactive layer is doped with a strategically designed and synthesized molecular switch, 1,2‐bis‐(2‐methyl‐5‐(4‐cyanobiphenyl)‐3‐thienyl)tetrafluorobenzene (DAB). The proposed OPD exhibits a typical OPD performance with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of <100% and a photomultiplication behavior with an EQE of >100% under low‐intensity and high‐intensity light illuminations, respectively, thereby resulting in an extension of the photoresponse linearity to a light intensity of 434 mW cm−2. This unique and reversible transition of the operation mode can be explained by the unbalanced quantum yield of photocyclization/photocycloreversion of the molecular switch. The details of the operation mechanism are discussed in conjunction with various photophysical analyses. Furthermore, they establish a prototype image sensor with an array of molecular‐switch‐embedded OPD pixels to demonstrate their extremely high sensitivity against strong light illumination.
Template‐Guided C8‐BTBT/MAPbBr3/C8‐BTBT Heterostructures for Broadband Bipolar Phototransistors
Authors: Wang Zhongpu , Liu Jia , Liu Xiaosong , Jin Jiyou , Liu Hui , Peng Kang , Peng Zhisheng , Wei Haonan , Chu Weiguo , Fan Weimin , Yang Changchun , Sun Lianfeng , Li Yong Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBipolar junction transistor (BJT) has had an unprecedented impact on the electronic industry and helped to usher in the digital revolution prominently. However, the critical part of BJT, p–n junction, is formed by carefully incorporating substitutional impurities in traditional bulk semiconductors and it is difficult to implement in nanostructured device. In this work, a floating‐base BJT device is demonstrated by growing C8‐BTBT/MAPbBr3/C8‐BTBT PNP heterostructure in liquid phase. Growth of two semiconductor microwires into a crisscross heterojunction is achieved through template‐guided printing and antisolvent crystallization method. The proof‐of‐concept phototransistor demonstrates broadband light absorption from ultraviolet (UV) to visible spectral region, which exhibits enhanced photoresponsivities of 1.28 A W–1 to UV and 0.425 A W–1 to visible light, respectively. In addition, the improved photoelectric amplification behavior of C8‐BTBT/MAPbBr3/C8‐BTBT phototransistor is observed by comparing with the performance of C8‐BTBT/MAPbBr3 two‐component photodiode. The maximal gain can reach up to ≈600 and can be maintained ≥200 at the positive bias. The device provides new attractive prospects in the investigation of integrated circuits based on micro‐structured semiconductors.
Atomic Layer Deposition of the Conductive Delafossite PtCoO2
Authors: Hagen Dirk J. , Yoon Jiho , Zhang Haojie , Kalkofen Bodo , Silinskas Mindaugas , Börrnert Felix , Han Hyeon , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe first atomic layer deposition process for a ternary oxide is reported, which contains a metal of the platinum group, the delafossite PtCoO2. The deposition with the precursors trimethyl‐Pt‐methylcyclopentadienyl, Co‐bis(N‐t‐butyl‐N′‐ethylpropanimidamidate), and oxygen plasma results in a process with a nearly constant growth rate and stoichiometric composition over a wide temperature window from 100 to 320 °C. Annealing of the as‐deposited amorphous films in an oxygen atmosphere in a temperature window from 700 to 800 °C leads to the formation of the delafossite phase. Very thin films show a pronounced preferred orientation with the Pt sheets being almost parallel to the substrate surface while arbitrary orientation is observed for thicker films. The conformal coating of narrow trenches highlights the potential of this atomic‐layer‐deposition process. Moreover, heterostructures with magnetic films are fabricated to demonstrate the potential of PtCoO2 for spintronic applications.
Guiding Graphene Derivatization for the On‐Chip Multisensor Arrays: From the Synthesis to the Theoretical Background
Authors: Rabchinskii Maxim K. , Sysoev Victor V. , Glukhova Olga E. , Brzhezinskaya Maria , Stolyarova Dina Yu. , Varezhnikov Alexey S. , Solomatin Maksim A. , Barkov Pavel V. , Kirilenko Demid A. , Pavlov Sergei I. , Baidakova Marina V. , Shnitov Vladimir V. , Struchkov Nikolai S. , Nefedov Denis Yu. , Antonenko Anastasiia O. , Cai P. , Liu Z. , Brunkov Pavel N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEngineering the physics and chemistry of 2D materials is a key to unlock the potential of the advanced e‐nose technologies limited by the current semiconductor technologies. Herein, the adjustment of the graphene's morphology, physics, and gas sensing properties upon its carboxylation via the developed photochemical method is demonstrated. Formation of matrices of nanoscale holes yet with the retention of the lamellar structure of the graphene layer is signified upon the introduction of up to 9.5 at% of carboxyl groups. The impact of the applied carboxylation on the conduction mechanism and electronic structure is demonstrated. The appearance of a set of the localized states in the valence band is revealed, originating from the molecular orbitals of carboxyls as is signified by the proposed approach for the identification of electronic states in graphene chemical derivatives. Given holey structure, predominance of highly affine carboxyls, and lateral inhomogeneity, the enhanced detection and discrimination of various alcohols, acetone, and ammonia vapors at room temperature is demonstrated. The opposite chemiresistive response toward ammonia in the humid air is also experimentally revealed and justified by the performed density functional theory modeling on the effect of ammonia, water, and their mix on electronic structure, and resistivity of the carboxylated graphene.
2D Wavelength‐Polarization Dispersive Microspectroscope Based on a Hybrid Plasmonic Helical Nanostructure
Authors: Sun Zhiguang , Chen Huan , Zhang Zhenglong , Pan Lujun , Yang Yiming , Dong Bin , Fang Yurui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrospectrometer features remarkable portability and integration and is prospected to provide quick detection tools to daily life and revolutionize research techniques. Due to the extremely finite footprint, microspectrometer can hardly analyze the polarization feature by placing a polarizer in the optical path as conventional spectrometers. Here, a novel 2D wavelength‐polarization dispersive microspectroscope based on a carbon nanocoil with plasmonic Au nanoparticles (Au/CNC) as a dispersive component is demonstrated. The unique 2D dispersion properties of Au/CNC are examined by microspectroscopic and Fourier spatial microscopic exploration. Au/CNC disperses light as wavelength to bands of different diffraction orders like a grating along the coil axis. The wavelength of the incident light can be obtained from the location of the signal lines in a relatively large visible‐near‐infrared wavelength range. Perpendicular to the coil axis, incident light is dispersed as polarization with bright and dark areas. Therefore, the left‐ and right‐circularly polarized light can be distinguished, and polarization orientation of linearly polarized light can be obtained. This effect provides a powerful microspectrometer that simultaneously analyzes wavelength and polarization features. Moreover, this potent tool can further evolve new revolutionary techniques via integration with other systems.
3D Microstructured Frequency Selective Surface Based on Carbonized Polyimide Films for Terahertz Applications
Authors: Hlaing May Zin , Karthikeyan Vaithinathan , Wu Wei , Chen Bao Jie , Ng Aaron Kubong , Chan Chi‐Hou , De Souza Maria Merlyne , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, frequency selective surface (FSS)‐based two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) carbon materials such as carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and carbon‐filled filaments are essential tools to design millimeter‐wave radomes, absorbers, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and antenna reflectors in gigahertz (GHz) regimes. Terahertz (THz) technologies are gaining attentions from medical imaging to security surveillance. In this work, a 3D microstructured FSS using carbon‐based polyimide as a precursor to enhance the resonant frequency at the THz range. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are embedded on 3D microsturctured carbonized polyimide (3D‐CPI) film to improve their FSS property through plasmonic effects. From the time domain spectroscopy measurements, 3D‐CPI FSS film shows band‐stop filter properties in the frequency range of 0.5–1.5 THz and with a maximum return loss (RL) of 40.5 dB (at the resonant frequency of 1 THz). The 3D‐CPI/AuNPs film demonstrates the highest RL of 43.7 dB at the higher excitation resonance frequency ≈1.06 THz due to the interaction of plasmonic electrons with scattered delocalized electrons in carbon, which induces the mechanisms for EMI shielding. The results will open insight into 3D plasmonic carbon microstructures as an EMI shielding material at THz frequency.
Stochastic Binding Dynamics of a Photoswitchable Single Supramolecular Complex
Authors: Su Dingkai , Zhou Shuyao , Masai Hiroshi , Liu Zihao , Zhou Ce , Yang Chen , Li Zhizhou , Tsuda Susumu , Liu Zhirong , Terao Jun , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, a real‐time precise electrical method to directly monitor the stochastic binding dynamics of a single supramolecule based on the host‐guest interaction between a cyclodextrin and an azo compound is reported. Different intermolecular binding states during the binding process are distinguished by conductance signals detected from graphene‐molecule‐graphene single‐molecule junctions. In combination with theoretical calculations, the reciprocating and unidirectional motions in the trans form as well as the restrained reciprocating motion in the cis form due to the steric hindrance is observed, which could be reversibly switched by visible and UV irradiation. The integration of individual supramolecules into nanocircuits not only offers a facile and effective strategy to probe the dynamic process of supramolecular systems, but also paves the way to construct functional molecular devices toward real applications such as switches, sensors, and logic devices.
All‐in‐One Process for Color Tuning and Patterning of Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Junho , Seo Ki‐Won , Lee SeungJae , Kim Kyungmin , Kim Changjo , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough post‐synthetic anion exchange allows halide perovskite quantum dots to easily change the optical bandgap of materials, additional exchange of shorter ligands is required to use them as active materials in optoelectronic devices. In this study, a novel all‐in‐one process exchanging ligands and halide anions in film‐state for facile color tuning and patterning of cesium lead halide perovskite colloidal quantum dot (PeQD) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is proposed. The proposed all‐in‐one process significantly enhances the performances of PeQD LEDs by passivating the PeQD with shorter ligands. In addition, the all‐in‐one process is repeated more stably in the film state. Red, green, and blue LEDs with extremely narrow emission spectra using cesium lead bromide PeQDs and appropriate butylammonium halide solutions are fabricated. Furthermore, the proposed all‐in‐one process in film‐state facilitated rapid color change in localized areas, thereby aiding in realizing fine patterns of narrow widths (300 µm) using simple contact masks. Consequently, various paint‐over red/green/blue patterns in PeQD LEDs by applying halide solutions additively are fabricated.
Soil sampling depth impact on phosphorus yield response prediction in winter wheat
Authors: Reed Vaughn , Finch Bronc , Souza Joao , Watkins Patrick , Arnall Brian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNutrient stratification of no‐till managed soil can affect soil test analysis levels of plant‐available phosphorus (P). Research has suggested sampling to different depths due to soil acidity, but little work has been conducted to investigate any change to sampling recommendations for immobile nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine the soil sampling depth that had the greatest relationship with yield response to fertilizer‐P. The depths sampled in this study were 0–5, 0–10, 0–15, 10–30, 5–10, 5–15, 10–15, and 15–30 cm. The results indicated that the top 15 cm of a soil profile had the greatest amount of Mehlich 3 extractable P (M3P) available and that the 5‐to‐10 and 5‐to‐15‐cm depths had the highest correlation with relative yield. Soil depths outside of the proposed root zone of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) (15–30 cm) had the lowest correlation with yield response.
Differentiable Content Addressable Memory with Memristors
Authors: Pedretti Giacomo , Graves Catherine E. , Van Vaerenbergh Thomas , Serebryakov Sergey , Foltin Martin , Sheng Xia , Mao Ruibin , Li Can , Strachan John Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMemristors, Flash, and related nonvolatile analog device technologies offer in‐memory computing structures operating in the analog domain, such as accelerating linear matrix operations in array structures. These take advantage of analog tunability and large dynamic range. At the other side, content addressable memories (CAM) are fast digital lookup tables which effectively perform nonlinear Boolean logic and return a digital match/mismatch value. Recently, nonvolatile analog CAMs have been presented merging analog storage and analog search operations with digital match/mismatch output. However, CAM blocks cannot easily be inserted within a larger adaptive system due to the challenges of training and learning with binary outputs. Here, a missing link between analog crossbar arrays and CAMs, namely a differentiable content addressable memory (dCAM), is presented. Utilizing nonvolatile memories that act as a “soft” memory with analog outputs, dCAM enables learning and fine‐tuning of the memory operation and performance. Four applications are quantitatively evaluated to highlight the capabilities: improved data pattern storage, improved robustness to noise and variability, reduced energy and latency performance, and an application to solving Boolean satisfiability optimization problems. The use of dCAM is envisioned as a core building block of fully differentiable computing systems employing multiple types of analog compute operations and memories.
The Impact of Benzothiadiazole on the Optoelectronic Performance of Polymer/PC71BM Blend Films and Their Application in NIR Phototransistors
Authors: Ma Lanchao , Li Zhengang , Chen Bing , Xue Peiyao , Wang Zemin , Wu Yibo , Zhan Xiaowei , Liu Yunqi , Chen Xingguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractD‐A conjugated polymers P1 and P2 are synthesized by copolymerizing bisthiophene‐fused diketopyrrolopyrrole (4,11‐bis(2‐decyltetradecyl)‐7H,14H‐thieno[3',2':7,8]‐indolizino[2,1‐a]thieno[3,2‐g]indolizine‐7,14‐dione, BTI) with terthiophene and thiophene‐benzothiadiazole‐thiophene, respectively. Molecular packing is characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The film morphology is characterized by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. The vertical phase separation is characterized by XPS. The mechanism of film morphology formation is explained from intermolecular interaction, kinetics, and surface free energy. The spin‐coated films of polymers blended with PC71BM are served as semiconductor layers in near‐infrared (NIR) phototransistors. The impact of morphology on optoelectronic performance is analyzed. The mobility of organic field effect transistors based on P1 or P2 thin films remains constant with the addition of PC71BM with weight ratio being less than 50%. The main reason is that π–π stacking in both P1 and P2 thin films is at all directions and PC71BM does not disturb the charge percolation path. Benzothiadiazole in P2 enables stronger mutual attraction between P2 and PC71BM, and therefore large contact area between P2 and PC71BM forms in the heterojunction. The photoresponsivity improves by 2 times for NIR phototransistors based on P2/PC71BM when decreasing light intensity from 63 to 1.8 µW cm‐2. The above results suggest a feasible conjugated polymer design rule for high sensitivity NIR phototransistors.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Incorporation of Indium and Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Improved ZnO‐Based DSSCs
Authors: Schol Peter R. , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Scharl Tobias , Kunzmann Andreas , Peukert Wolfgang , Schröder Rasmus R. , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA common goal in renewable energy research is the production of semiconductor layers with matching additives to gain desirable effects and advantages. Important examples are adjustment of the band gap, enhancing the conductivity, tailoring roughness of the semiconductor, or reducing the recombination rate of charge carriers. In this work a twofold approach is demonstrated. First, the intrinsic incorporation of indium into zinc oxide tunes the band gap of the semiconductor layer of the DSSCs. Second, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as an extrinsic additive improves the charge transport capabilities. To better combine the SWCNTs with the semiconductor layer a protective ZnO shell is grown on the SWCNTs. A combination of current–voltage, incident photon to current efficiency, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic assays corroborates the positive effects of both additives on the cell performance. The effective charge‐carrier diffusion lengths are enhanced from 0.52 µm for pure ZnO to 5.12 µm for low SWCNT concentrations and 15 mol% of indium. This, as well as the increase in collection efficiency from 30.3% to 62.3% enables enhanced transport in these novel devices. A final device utilizing 0.1 wt% SWCNT@ZnO20nm and In15Zn85O yields a current density of 16.49 mA cm−2 and an efficiency of 4.46%.