bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How should COVID-19 vaccines be distributed between the Global North and South: a discrete choice experiment in six European countries
Authors: Steinert Janina I , Sternberg Henrike , Veltri Giuseppe A , Büthe Tim 
Published: October 2022

Background:The global distribution of COVID-19 vaccinations remains highly unequal. We examine public preferences in six European countries regarding the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines between the Global South and Global North.Methods:We conducted online discrete choice experiments with adult participants in France (n=766), Germany (n=1964), Italy (n=767), Poland (n=670), Spain (n=925), and Sweden (n=938). Respondents were asked to decide which one of two candidates should receive the vaccine first. The candidates varied on four attributes: age, mortality risk, employment, and living in a low- or high-income country. We analysed the relevance of each attribute in allocation decisions using conditional logit regressions.Results:In all six countries, respondents prioritised candidates with a high mortality and infection risk, irrespective of whether the candidate lived in the respondent’s own country. All else equal, respondents in Italy, France, Spain, and Sweden gave priority to a candidate from a low-income country, whereas German respondents were significantly more likely to choose the candidate from their own country. Female, younger, and more educated respondents were more favourable to an equitable vaccine distribution.Conclusions:Given these preferences for global solidarity, European governments should promote vaccine transfers to poorer world regions.Funding:Funding was provided by the European Union’s Horizon H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 101016233 (PERISCOPE).
IQGAP3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma contributes to drug resistance and genome stability
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Zhifeng , Wang Hanlin , Zhang Jian , Wang Xiaobin , Xing Shaojun , Chen Si 
Published: October 2022

Background
Clear cell renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is resistant to most chemotherapeutic drugs and the molecular mechanisms have not been fully revealed. Genomic instability and the abnormal activation of bypass DNA repair pathway is the potential cause of tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. IQ-motif GTPase activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) regulates cell migration and intercellular adhesion. This study aims to analysis the effects of IQGAP3 expression on cell survival, genome stability and clinical prognosis in ccRCC.

Methods
Multiple bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA database and IHC analysis on clinical specimens were included. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were used to determine protein expression level. MTT assay and 3D spheroid cell growth assay were used to assess cell proliferation and drug resistance in RNAi transfected ccRCC cells. Cell invasion capacity was evaluated by transwell assay. The influence of IQGAP3 on genome instability was revealed by micronuclei number and γ H2AX recruitment test.

Results
The highly expressed IQGAP3 in multiple subtypes of renal cell carcinoma has a clear prognostic value. Deletion of IQGAP3 inhibits cell growth in 3D Matrigel. IQGAP3 depletion lso increases accumulated DNA damage, and improves cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, targeting DNA damage repair function of IQGAP3 in tumorigenesis can provide ideas for the development of new targets for early diagnosis.
Mathematical Modelling of Plant-Pathogen-Herbivore Interaction Incorporating Allee Effect and Harvesting
Authors: Barasa Isaac K. , Apima Samuel B. , Wanjara Amos O. 
Published: October 2022

Plant-pathogen-herbivore model describe interaction between plants, pathogens and herbivores. Plants are invaded by pathogens and herbivores while the herbivores are harvested by natural enemies such as predators and human. On the other hand, the abundance of food does not guarantee exponential growth of species who reproduce sexually and plants governed by carrying capacity. Therefore, the Allee effect may be crucial for sustaining such species. In this paper, a model of plant-pathogen-herbivore interactions that takes Allee effect and harvesting into account was developed and analyzed. The stability analysis showed that the ratio intrinsic growth rate to the environmental carrying capacity of susceptible plants must be greater than certain threshold value to raise sufficient plant biomass to sustain other species. Numerical simulations shows that all species coexist when intrinsic growth rate of plants is greater than the harvesting rate and when conversion rate of what is eaten by herbivores to newborn ones is greater than that of their natural enemies. It also shows that in the absence of susceptible plants, herbivores migrates in search of food, while others deteriorate and dies out. Furthermore, regardless of the availability of susceptible plants, the herbivores population crashes to extinction if the herbivore population is less than the lower limit required to keep the herbivores existing in the ecosystem.
In the interest of conservation of all species and the environment, policy developers will greatly benefit from understanding the solutions to address clearing land for human settlement, human activities and herbivore or their natural enemies hunting. In addition, monitor species closely, especially those that reproduce sexually by establishing and maintaining the least number required to keep the species existing.
Association Between Electronic Health Record Time and Quality of Care Metrics in Primary Care
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa S. , Holmgren A. Jay , Healey Michael J. , Horn Daniel M. , Ting David Y. , Lipsitz Stuart , Salmasian Hojjat , Gitomer Richard , Bates David W. 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePhysicians across the US spend substantial time working in the electronic health record (EHR), with primary care physicians (PCPs) spending the most time. The association between EHR time and ambulatory care quality outcomes is unclear.ObjectiveTo characterize measures of EHR use and ambulatory care quality performance among PCPs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional study of PCPs with longitudinal patient panels using a single EHR vendor was conducted at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital during calendar year 2021.ExposuresIndependent variables included PCPs demographic and practice characteristics and EHR time measures (PCP-level mean of daily total EHR time, after-hours time, time from 5:30 pm to 7:00 am and time on weekends, and daily EHR time on notes, sending and receiving patient, staff, results, prescription, or system messages [in-basket], and clinical review).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcome variables were ambulatory quality measures (year-end, PCP panel–level achievement of targets for hemoglobin A1c level control, lipid management, hypertension control, diabetes screening, and breast cancer screening).ResultsThe sample included 291 physicians (174 [59.8%] women). Median panel size was 829 (IQR, 476-1157) patients and mean (SD) clinical full-time equivalent was 0.54 (0.27). The PCPs spent a mean (SD) of 145.9 (64.6) daily minutes on the EHR. There were significant associations between EHR time and panel-level achievement of hemoglobin A1c control, hypertension control, and breast cancer screening targets. In adjusted analyses, each additional 15 minutes of total daily EHR time was associated with 0.58 (95% CI, 0.32-0.84) percentage point greater panel-level hemoglobin A1c control, 0.52 (95% CI, 0.33-0.71) percentage point greater hypertension control, and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.05-0.52) higher breast cancer screening rates. Each daily additional 15 minutes of in-basket time was associated with 2.26 (95% CI, 1.05-3.48) greater panel-wide hemoglobin A1c control, 1.65 (95% CI, 0.83-2.47) percentage point greater hypertension control, and 1.26 (95% CI, 0.51-2.02) percentage point higher breast cancer screening rates. Associations were largely concentrated among PCPs with 0.5 clinical full-time equivalent or less. There were no associations between EHR use metrics and diabetes screening or lipid management in patients with cardiovascular disease.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found an association between EHR time and some measures of ambulatory care quality. Although increased EHR time is associated with burnout, it may represent a level of thoroughness or communication that enhances certain outcomes. It may be useful for future studies to characterize payment models, workflows, and technologies that enable high-quality ambulatory care delivery while minimizing EHR burden.
Comparative Safety of the BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine vs Other Approved Vaccines in Children Younger Than 5 Years
Authors: Toepfner Nicole , von Meißner Wolfgang C. G. , Strumann Christoph , Drinka Denisa , Stuppe David , Jorczyk Maximilian , Moor Jeanne , Püschel Johannes , Liss Melanie , von Poblotzki Emilie , Berner Reinhard , Moor Matthias B. , Chao Cho-Ming 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceSARS-CoV-2 vaccines are authorized for use in most age groups. The safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is unknown in children younger than 5 years.ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate the safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine used off-label in children younger than 5 years compared with the safety of non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the same sample.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis investigator-initiated retrospective cohort study included parents or caregivers who registered children for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in outpatient care facilities in Germany. The study was performed as an authenticated online survey. A total of 19 000 email addresses were contacted from vaccination registration databases between April 14 and May 9, 2022. Inclusion criteria were child age younger than 5 years at the first BNT162b2 vaccination and use of a correct authentication code to prove invitation.ExposuresOff-label BNT162b2 vaccination and on-label non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReported short-term safety data of 1 to 3 doses of 3 to 10 μg BNT162b2 in children from birth to younger than 60 months are presented. Coprimary outcomes were the frequencies of 11 categories of symptoms after vaccination with bivariate analyses and regression models adjusting for age, sex, weight, and height.ResultsThe study included 7806 children (median age, 3 years [IQR, 2-4 years]; 3824 [49.0%] female) who were followed up of for a mean (SD) of 91.4 (38.8) days since first BNT162b2 vaccination (survey response rate, 41.1%). A 10-μg dosage was more frequently associated with local injection-site symptoms compared with lower dosages. In the active-comparator analysis, the probability of any symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.43-1.84), local symptoms (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.38-2.05), musculoskeletal symptoms (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.32-4.94), dermatologic symptoms (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 10.7-4.45), or otolaryngologic symptoms (OR, 6.37; 95% CI, 1.50-27.09) were modestly elevated after BNT162b2 compared with non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, whereas the probabilities of general symptoms (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95) and fever (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.32-0.55) were lower after BNT162b2. Symptoms requiring hospitalization (n = 10) were reported only at BNT162b2 dosages above 3 μg.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the symptoms reported after BNT162b2 administration were comparable overall to those for on-label non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in this cohort of children younger than 5 years. The present data may be used together with prospective licensure studies of BNT162b2 efficacy and safety and could help guide expert recommendations about BNT162b2 vaccinations in this age group.
Prevalence of Positive Rapid Antigen Tests After 7-Day Isolation Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in College Athletes During Omicron Variant Predominance
Authors: Tsao Jessica , Kussman Andrea , Segovia Nicole A. , Abrams Geoffrey D. , Boehm Alexandria B. , Hwang Calvin E. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shortened the recommended isolation period for SARS-CoV-2 infection from 10 days to 5 days in December 2021. It is unknown whether an individual with the infection may still have a positive result to a rapid antigen test and potentially be contagious at the end of this shortened isolation period.ObjectiveTo estimate the proportion of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection whose rapid antigen test is still positive starting 7 days postdiagnosis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series analyzed student athletes at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university campus who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between January 3 and May 6, 2022. Individuals underwent rapid antigen testing starting 7 days postdiagnosis to determine whether they could end their isolation period.ExposuresRapid antigen testing 7 days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRapid antigen test results, symptom status, and SARS-CoV-2 variant identification via campus wastewater analysis.ResultsA total of 264 student athletes (140 [53%] female; mean [SD] age, 20.1 [1.2] years; range, 18-25 years) representing 268 infections (177 [66%] symptomatic, 91 [34%] asymptomatic) were included in the study. Of the 248 infections in individuals who did a day 7 test, 67 (27%; 95% CI, 21%-33%) tests were still positive. Patients with symptomatic infections were significantly more likely to test positive on day 7 vs those who were asymptomatic (35%; 95% CI, 28%-43% vs 11%; 95% CI, 5%-18%; P &amp;lt; .001). Patients with the BA.2 variant were also significantly more likely to test positive on day 7 compared with those with the BA.1 variant (40%; 95% CI, 29%-51% vs 21%; 95% CI, 15%-27%; P = .007).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series, rapid antigen tests remained positive in 27% of the individuals after 7 days of isolation, suggesting that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–recommended 5-day isolation period may be insufficient in preventing ongoing spread of disease. Further studies are needed to determine whether these findings are present in a more heterogeneous population and in subsequent variants.
Simultaneously Stabilizing Both Electrodes and Electrolytes by a Self‐Separating Organometallics Interface for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries at Wide Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Ming , Lv Yanqun , Zhao Shunshun , Xiao Ying , Niu Jin , Yang Qi , Qiu Jieshan , Wang Feng , Chen Shimou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are of great potential as one of the next‐generation energy‐storage devices due to their low cost and high safety. However, the development of long‐term stable electrodes and electrolytes still suffers from great challenges. Herein, a self‐separation strategy is developed for an interface layer design to optimize both electrodes and electrolytes simultaneously. Specifically, the coating with an organometallics (sodium tricyanomethanide) evolves into an electrically responsive shield layer composed of nitrogen, carbon‐enriched polymer network, and sodium ions, which not only modulates the zinc‐ion migration pathways to inhibit interface side reactions but also adsorbs onto Zn perturbations to induce planar zinc deposition. Additionally, the separated ions from the coating can diffuse to the electrolyte to affect the Zn2+ solvation structure and maintain the cathode structural stability by forming a stable cathode–electrolyte interface and sodium ions’ equilibrium, confirmed by in situ spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis. Due to these unique advantages, the symmetric zinc batteries exhibit an extralong cycling lifespan of 3000 h and rate performance at 20 mA cm−2 at wide temperatures. The efficiency of the self‐separation strategy is further demonstrated in practical full batteries with an ultralong lifespan over 10 000 cycles from −35 to 60 °C.
Spider‐Silk‐Inspired Nanocomposite Polymers for Durable Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Yao Pengcheng , Chen Zipeng , Liu Tianji , Liao Xiangbiao , Yang Zhengwei , Li Jinlei , Jiang Yi , Xu Ning , Li Wei , Zhu Bin , Zhu Jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPassive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials, that strongly reflect sunlight and emit thermal radiation to outer space, demonstrate great potential in energy‐saving for sustainable development. Particularly, polymer‐based PDRC materials, with advantages of easy‐processing, low cost, and outstanding cooling performance, have attracted intense attention. However, just like other polymer devices (for example polymer solar cells) working under sunlight, the issue of durability related to mechanical and UV properties needs to be addressed for large‐scale practical applications. Here, a spider‐silk‐inspired design of nanocomposite polymers with potassium titanate (K2Ti6O13) nanofiber dopants is proposed for enhancing the durability without compromising their cooling performance. The formed tough interface of nanofiber/polymer effectively disperses stress, enhancing the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix; while the K2Ti6O13 can absorb high‐energy UV photons and transform them into less harmful heat, thereby improving the UV stabilities. Taking poly(ethylene oxide) radiative cooler as an example for demonstration, its Young's modulus and UV resistance increase by 7 and 12 times, respectively. Consequently, the solar reflectance of nanocomposite poly(ethylene oxide) is maintained as constant in a continuous aging test for 720 h under outdoor sunlight. The work provides a general strategy to simultaneously enhance both the mechanical stability and the UV durability of polymer‐based PDRC materials toward large‐scale applications.
The Melting Point Profile of Organic Molecules: A Chemoinformatic Approach
Authors: Carrera Gonçalo V. S. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe combination of the generical molecular maps of atom‐level properties (MOLMAPs) encoding approach and the Random Forest algorithm (RF) is applied in order to model, predict, and interpret the structural motifs responsible for a certain organic molecule's melting point (mp) profile. A high‐quality database is used for model build‐up and evaluation of predictive ability. The obtained results for the complete independent test set (R2 = 0.811, MAE = 31.99 K, RMS = 43.98 K) are comparable or better than reference works. The form of codification represents implicitly the structure of a given molecule and highlights the interactions responsible for a certain melting point profile. This generical encoding approach groups different structural motifs based on its calculated atomic‐based properties leading to good predictive ability for structurally different chemical systems not contained in the training set.
Emerging Computational Methods in Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Hu Hang , Laskin Julia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical technique that generates maps of hundreds of molecules in biological samples with high sensitivity and molecular specificity. Advanced MSI platforms with capability of high‐spatial resolution and high‐throughput acquisition generate vast amount of data, which necessitates the development of computational tools for MSI data analysis. In addition, computation‐driven MSI experiments have recently emerged as enabling technologies for further improving the MSI capabilities with little or no hardware modification. This review provides a critical summary of computational methods and resources developed for MSI data analysis and interpretation along with computational approaches for improving throughput and molecular coverage in MSI experiments. This review is focused on the recently developed artificial intelligence methods and provides an outlook for a future paradigm shift in MSI with transformative computational methods.
Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy: Nanoformulation Engineering and Clinical Translation
Authors: Yu Meihua , Yang Wei , Yue Wenwen , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the rapid growth of advanced nanoengineering strategies, there are great implications for therapeutic immunostimulators formulated in nanomaterials to combat cancer. It is crucial to direct immunostimulators to the right tissue and specific immune cells at the right time, thereby orchestrating the desired, potent, and durable immune response against cancer. The flexibility of nanoformulations in size, topology, softness, and multifunctionality allows precise regulation of nano‐immunological activities for enhanced therapeutic effect. To grasp the modulation of immune response, research efforts are needed to understand the interactions of immune cells at lymph organs and tumor tissues, where the nanoformulations guide the immunostimulators to function on tissue specific subsets of immune cells. In this review, recent advanced nanoformulations targeting specific subset of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells are summarized and discussed, and clinical development of nano‐paradigms for targeted cancer immunotherapy is highlighted. Here the focus is on the targeting nanoformulations that can passively or actively target certain immune cells by overcoming the physiobiological barriers, instead of directly injecting into tissues. The opportunities and remaining obstacles for the clinical translation of immune cell targeting nanoformulations in cancer therapy are also discussed.
Fungal assisted bio‐treatment of environmental pollutants with comprehensive emphasis on noxious heavy metals: Recent updates
Authors: Chaurasia Pankaj Kumar , Nagraj  , Sharma Nagendra , Kumari Sunita , Yadav Mithu , Singh Sunita , Mani Ashutosh , Yadava Sudha , Bharati Shashi Lata 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present time of speedy developments and industrialization, heavy metals are being uncovered in aquatic environment and soil via refining, electroplating, processing, mining, metallurgical activities, dyeing and other several metallic and metal based industrial and synthetic activities. Heavy metals like lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), and many other are considered as seriously noxious and toxic for the aquatic environment, human, and other aquatic lives and have damaging influences. Such heavy metals, which are very tough to be degraded, can be managed by reducing their potential through various processes like removal, precipitation, oxidation–reduction, bio‐sorption, recovery, bioaccumulation, bio‐mineralization etc. Microbes are known as talented bio‐agents for the heavy metals detoxification process and fungi are one of the cherished bio‐sources that show noteworthy aptitude of heavy metal sorption and metal tolerance. Thus, the main objective of the authors was to come with a comprehensive review having methodological insights on the novel and recent results in the field of mycoremediation of heavy metals. This review significantly assesses the potential talent of fungi in heavy metal detoxification and thus, in environmental restoration. Many reported works, methodologies and mechanistic sights have been evaluated to explore the fungal‐assisted heavy metal remediation. Herein, a compact and effectual discussion on the recent mycoremediation studies of organic pollutants like dyes, petroleum, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and pharmaceutical wastes have also been presented.