bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of the Ratio of Sound Pressure Level to Subglottal Pressure in Patients Surgically Treated for Phonotraumatic Vocal Fold Lesions
Authors: Toles Laura E. , Seidman Ariana Y. , Hillman Robert E. , Mehta Daryush D. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine whether a simplified, and potentially more stable, acoustic–aerodynamic voice outcome ratio (ratio of sound pressure level [SPL] to subglottal pressure) is comparable to a traditional vocal efficiency measure (ratio of acoustic power to the product of average subglottal pressure and average phonatory airflow) in terms of the ability to detect change in vocal function following surgical removal of bilateral phonotraumatic lesions.

Method:

Pre- and postoperative acoustic and aerodynamic measures were analyzed retrospectively from 75 female patients who underwent surgical removal of bilateral phonotraumatic lesions. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted for each of three acoustic–aerodynamic voice outcome ratios—traditional vocal efficiency, an SPL-based ratio with both airflow and subglottal pressure, and a simplified SPL-based ratio with subglottal pressure only—to investigate the main effects of treatment stage (pre- and postsurgery), loudness condition (comfortable and loud), and their interaction. Post hoc paired samples
t
tests were conducted for statistically significant interactions. The within-subject variability of the measures was assessed using the coefficient of variation.

Results:
Although exhibiting an expected main effect of loudness (higher values in the loud condition), the traditional vocal efficiency ratio did not exhibit a main effect of treatment. For both SPL-based ratios, there were significant main effects of treatment stage (higher values postoperatively) and loudness condition (lower values in the loud condition). Within-subject, postoperative changes in the two SPL-based ratios moderately correlated with one another. The simplified ratio of SPL to subglottal pressure (without airflow) exhibited the least within-subject variability relative to the other two acoustic–aerodynamic ratios.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate that SPL-based acoustic–aerodynamic voice outcome ratios increase significantly following the surgical removal of phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions. The simplified ratio of SPL to subglottal pressure exhibits the least variability and can be easily obtained without requiring the measurement of airflow.
What Predicts Oral Narrative Competence Among African American Children? Exploring the Role of Linguistic and Cognitive Skills
Authors: Gardner-Neblett Nicole 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:Oral narrative, or storytelling, skills may constitute a linguistic strength for African American children, with implications for academic and social well-being. Despite this possibility, few studies have examined individual differences in oral narrative skill among African American children. To address this gap in the literature, this study examined how children's linguistic and cognitive skills predicted their competence in structuring oral stories, both on average and for children with different levels of narrative skill.Method:Fictional oral narratives were elicited from a sample of 144 typically developing African American children, aged 4–8 years, using a wordless picture book as the stimulus. The effects of children's vocabulary, complex syntax, and nonverbal cognitive skills on macrostructural performance were assessed using linear regression to test average effects and simultaneous quantile regression to test effects across different levels of narrative skill.Results:Children's competence in using complex syntax and nonverbal cognition, but not vocabulary, was predictive of narrative production, on average and as a function of narrative skill. Syntactic complexity appeared increasingly more relevant as children's narrative skill increased, whereas nonverbal cognition emerged as the most important for children at the lower to moderate ends of the narrative skill distribution.Conclusions:Both linguistic and cognitive skills help explain individual differences in African American children's macrostructural competence. Promoting children's development of complex syntax and nonverbal reasoning may provide potential mechanisms for supporting oral narrative skill development.
Functional requirements of a mobile‐based application for stroke self‐management: A Delphi study
Authors: Tadayon Hamidreza , Masoud Seyed Ali , Nabovati Ehsan , Akbari Hossein , Farzandipour Mehrdad , Babaei Masoud 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the functional requirements of a self‐management mobile application for stroke survivors. For extracting the initial functional requirements, a literature review as well as interviews with 17 patients and caregivers were done. The results were analyzed using the content analysis method. The initial extracted requirements were then provided to the specialists by the Delphi technique to determine the final functional requirements. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated according to the Lawshe model. Criteria for item approval included CVR > 0.49 and CVI > 0.79. Finally, the approved items were turned into a five‐point Likert scale questionnaire and were then provided to 53 experts and items with a mean score higher than 3.75 were approved. Functional requirements including creating a user account, educational material, support services, providing reminders and alerts for drugs administration and physician appointments, and rehabilitation exercises (to improve balance, upper and lower extremities rehabilitation, and activities of daily living (ADLs)) were approved. Most of the approved functional requirements were related to rehabilitation exercises for improving upper limb motor function. The experts did not approve the requirements for using splints and slings or the recommendation to take some medications.
A two‐level hybrid control strategy to augment transient stability and tracking accuracy of hybrid microgrid coupled with industrial loads
Authors: Sarker Subrata K. , Fahim Shahriar Rahman , Datta Dristi , Muyeen S. M. , Badal Faisal R. , Das Sajal K. , Sheikh Md. Rafiqul Islam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hybrid microgrid (HMG) is an arrangement for empowering the society by using the renewable energy sources (RESs) connected with common DC bus terminal. The effective operation of the HMG relies on the transient response of the DC bus as well as the stability of the system state that may change due to the stochastic behavior of RESs and industrial loads. This work is motivated to develop a two‐level decentralized control strategy consisting of a non‐linear and linear control scheme to augment the transient stability and tracking performance of an HMG. Firstly, a non‐linear partial feedback linearization control framework combined with a PI regulator (PFLC‐PI) is designed for the transient stability enhancement of the common bus. Secondly, a linear unified controller (UC) is developed to guarantee the constant load voltages over the industrial loads through the control of the load‐side inverter. The UC effectiveness is measured by varying the load parameters associated with single‐ and three‐phase load networks. The obtained results are then compared with the existing controllers to guarantee the augmented performance of proposed two‐level controller. Additionally, an external parametric uncertainty is intentionally added to the single‐phase load network dynamics and studied to ensure the robustness of the controller.
Performance of NI-RADS on CECT Alone to Predict Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Chemoradiotherapy: Added Value of RECIST 1.1.
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Reza Syed O. , Choudhary Sunil , Shukla Ram C. , Mani Nilesh , Verma Ashish 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background The Head and Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) is a standardized reporting format for the categorization of the degree of suspicion for recurrent head and neck malignancies on positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
Purpose The purpose of our study was to analyze the efficacy of the NI-RADS rating scale and criteria for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) alone in predicting the local and regional recurrence of malignancies after chemoradiotherapy.
Material and Methods CECT of the patients with head and neck cancers receiving radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy as a primary treatment was obtained 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy and NI-RADS scoring was done using components of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) criteria. Their management was guided according to the recommendations based on their NI-RADS score.
Results Thirty patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the neck were included in this study. The positive or negative status of the recurrent disease was based on biopsy results or follow-up protocol as recommended in NI-RADS rating scale. Fifteen patients had path proven recurrence at the primary tumor site. For primary tumor site, disease persistence rates of 4% for NI-RADS 1, 24% for NI-RADS 2, and 80% for NI-RADS 3 scores were seen. Five patients had recurrent lymph nodal disease. For lymph nodal assessment, NI-RADS categories 1, 2, and 3 revealed nodal disease recurrence rates of 5.3, 25, and 66.7%, respectively.
Conclusion CECT alone may be used to assign the NI-RADS rating scale using RECIST 1.1 criteria to predict the presence or absence of recurrent tumor in patients with neck malignancies.
Stent-Graft Migration Post-Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aorta: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Deshpande Amit Ajit , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Shaw Manish , Kumar Sanjeev , Jagia Priya , Sharma Sanjiv , Choudhary Shiv 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Migration of the stent-graft post-thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is not uncommon; however, it is sparsely reported. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, and complications of stent-graft migration post-TEVAR.
Materials and Methods Thirty-one patients who underwent TEVAR were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic, anatomical, and procedure-related factors were assessed. The measurements were done along the greater curvature of aorta around two fixed anatomic landmarks, that is, left common carotid artery or neoinnominate artery (hybrid repair) proximally and celiac artery distally. Aortic elongation and migration at proximal, distal, as well as at overlapping zone were measured. More than 10 mm of migration was considered significant.
Results Significant migration was observed in six (19%) patients. No significant migration was observed in the overlapping zone. The proximal landing zone 3 (odds ratio [OR] 12.78, p 0.01) was a significant risk factor, whereas landing zone 2 was a protective factor against the migration (OR 0.08, p 0.02). The odds for migration were more in segments I/3 and II/3 compared with I/2 and II/2, respectively, as per Modified Arch Landing Areas Nomenclature. A single complication was seen in the migration group which was treated by an overlapping stent graft.
Conclusion The stent-graft migration after TEVAR is not uncommon. Type 3 proximal landing zone was a significant risk factor for migration with an increased risk toward I/3 and II/3. Proximal landing zone 2 as well as adequate overlapping distance in multiple stent grafts can prevent migration.
Ethical Approval No IECPG-227/24.06.2020
A novel methodological study for monitoring proton beam spot using back-streaming secondary neutrons from the high-power target
Authors: Yang X.Y. , Jing H.T. , Tian B.B. , Ou L. , Sun Y.K. , Gao X.L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The power of the proton beam of a high-power spallation
neutron source generally ranges from 100 kW to several MW. The
distribution of the power density of the beam on the target is
critical for the stable operation of the high-power spallation
target. This study proposes a beam monitoring method that involves
restoring the image of a high-power proton beam spot on a target
based on the principle of pinhole imaging by using the
back-streaming of secondary neutrons from the spallation
target. Fast and indirect imaging of the beam spot can be achieved
at a distance of tens of meters from the target. The proposed method
of beam monitoring can flexibly adjust the size of the pinhole and
the measurement distance to control the intensity of flux of the
secondary neutrons according to the demands of the detection system,
which is far from the high-radiation target area. The results of
simulations showed that the proposed method can be used to restore
the beam spot of the incident proton by using the point response
function and images of the secondary neutrons. Based on the target
and the Back-n beamline in the CSNS, the effectiveness of this
method has also been confirmed by means of Monte Carlo simulation.
Dynamic mechanical response of ABS polymer at elevated strain rates and temperatures
Authors: Sharma Sudhanshu , Chandra Sagar , Chavan Vivek M , Nayak Arun K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is an extensively used material for various applications from automobile to toys. The material is known to have good machinability along with toughness and thermal-stability. The present investigation is aimed at understanding the effect of high strain rate loading (>1000 /s) on the dynamic response of ABS for potential benefits in energy absorption in mechanical and structural applications. Considering this, uniaxial compression tests on ABS polymer have been performed at different high strain rates (1000 /s – 4000 /s) and temperatures (250C – 1100C) using split Hopkinson Bar (SHB) test setup. The results indicate that the material shows a linear relationship between the true stress and the true strain up to its yield point. High plastic deformation is observed at higher strain rates along with higher levels of stress. However, as the strain rate is increased, there is more evidence of collapse ultimately leading to the failure of the specimens. The material is not much sensitive to strain rate. These high strain rate data may be useful for safety and structural integrity assessment of structures subjected to dynamic loading.
Influence of alloying elements on the coarsening coefficients of M23C6 and M2B precipitates in a 10% Cr Belgorod steel
Authors: Chouksey Yogendra , Yadav Surya D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 10% Cr steel designed by ‘Belgorod State University’, has been considered in the present work in order to study the effect of alloying elements on the coarsening characteristics of precipitates. The stepped equilibrium diagram was constructed through the CALPHAD approach, employing the ThermoCalc software. The precipitates observed at the temperature of interest, i.e., 650 °C, were M23C6 (M=Cr, Fe), Laves phase, M2B, NbC and TiN. Amongst all the precipitates, M23C6 has the maximum phase fraction, i.e., 0.022. The magnitude of the coarsening coefficients for all the precipitates other than Laves phase, were observed to be of the order of 10-29 m3/s. In case of Laves phase, it was of the order of 10-31 m3/s. The variation of the coarsening coefficients of M23C6 and M2B, with respect to weight percent of alloying elements has been also investigated. It was observed that, with the increase in the weight percent of Co, Nb and W; the coarsening coefficients of M23C6 and M2B decrease. However, with the increase in weight percent of the V, the coarsening coefficients of M23C6 decrease and M2B increase.
Influence of Lubrication on the Friction and Wear Characteristics of Low Carbon Steel under Sliding Reciprocation Conditions
Authors: Vellanki Chandrahaas , Choudhury Soumyarup , Kumar Shubham , Vimson George , Paul Gayatri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lubrication plays a crucial role in minimizing the losses associated with wear by decreasing the mating surface friction. In this regard, the present study focusses on the wear and friction characteristics of mating steel surfaces under the influence of different lubricants. Steel, being the second most important structural material has innumerable applications in various industries. The main objective of this work is to investigate the tribological properties of mating steel surfaces under linear reciprocation in the presence of different lubricants. This paper is based on the study and analysis of a low carbon steel specimen subjected to tests under dry and lubricated conditions to study the behaviour of the tribo-elements and surface which may significantly affect the tribological performance of the surface in contact. The low carbon steel specimens are case hardened by pack carburizing to improve the hardness of the steel surface. The effect of parameters such as applied load, sliding distance, case hardening and lubricant have been studied to investigate the effect on the friction characteristics. Post tribology worn surface characterization has been carried out the estimate the wear rate and mechanism of wear.
Simulation studies on the comparison of different superalloys used in gas turbine blades
Authors: Subbarao Rayapati , Mahato Nityanando 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Impingement of gases at high temperature and pressure leads to the development of stresses and deformation in gas turbine blades. Other important characteristics are also getting changed, prompting more problems in gas turbine engines, as they are used in both power generation and transportation. In this work, failure aspects in blades is studied by performing structural analysis, considering superalloys that are used in the industry. Software packages like Solidworks and Ansys are used for modelling, meshing and solving, in order to identify the target variables like total deformation, von Mises stress, strain energy and fatigue. Geomtery of the turbine blade is modelled and after meshing, boundary conditions like pressure, force and rotational speed are enforced. Results are analysed after carrying out the static structural analysis in Ansys work bench. For the superalloy materials chosen, contours and plots are made for all the configurations. Validation of deformation from the present work is done with experiments done earlier, which is in good agreement. Total deformation is more at the tip of the blade. At the root of the blade, the stresses are found to be more. Presence of strain energy is more near the root. Fatigue life contours showed similarity in all the cases. The blade failure region is identified for all the materials under consideration and the trends are compared for different input temperatures. Thus the current work is helpful in recognizing appropriate superalloy to be used in the present day gas turbines and supports the use of GTD 111 as gas turbine blade material.
Effect of Sc and Zr on Precipitation Behaviour of Wrought Al- Bronze
Authors: Haque Mohammad Salman , Khan Sakib Al Razi , Kaiser Mohammad Salim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aluminium bronze doped with Sc and Zr were prepared by casting followed by cold-rolling with varied degrees of deformation. Then, the cold-rolled samples were aged for one hour at various temperatures, isochronally up to 500°C and isothermally at 300°C and 350°C up to four hours respectively. To better understand the precipitation behavior of Al-bronze with Sc and Zr additions, microhardness and electrical resistivity of aged alloys were investigated. The formation of copper aluminates precipitate resulted in a significant hardening improvement in aged alloys particularly at 300 °C. The addition of both Sc and Zr improved the thermal stability of the aged alloys by forming Al3Sc and Al3Zr precipitates. Sc, on the other hand, had proven to be more effective at improving aging behaviour of Al-bronze alloy. Electrical resistivity was also observed to increase with increasing aging temperature, then decrease slowly due to the production of fine precipitates and coarsening of this precipitate by over ageing, respectively. The DSC investigation supported the precipitation response by demonstrating the varied peaks of the heating curve at various temperatures. The reflectance spectroscopy study revealed that the addition of Sc and Zr exhibited greater optical response owing to grain refinement. Optical microscopy of cold rolled samples exhibited multiple phases of elongated grain along the rolling direction, and Sc and Zr additions were capable of refining alloy grains by precipitation of primary Al3Sc and Al3Zr particles formed as heterogeneous nuclei during solidification. In the meantime, recrystallization and grain growth development were induced in Al-bronze by ageing at 500°C for an hour. During ageing treatment, the production of secondary Al3Sc and Al3Zr precipitates efficiently inhibited the mobility of dislocation and sub-grain boundaries, preventing the Sc and Zr doped alloys from recrystallization.
CFD Validation and Aerodynamic Behaviour of NREL Phase VI Wind Turbine
Authors: Sihag Sunny , Kumar Manoj , Tiwari Anurag Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the 3D flow around the rotating wind turbine whose blade’s geometry is tapered and twisted is observed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a numerical simulation tool. The CFD simulation of the wind turbines is essential for their efficient use and optimization of the solutions. This paper shows the accuracy of numerical simulation of Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS equations) along with the Shear Stress transport k-ω turbulence model and validation with the experimental data by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. All the simulations in this paper are performed on the sequence S of the test configuration of the experiment conducted at the NASA Ames Wind tunnel facility with the blades rotating at constant RPM and varying inlet wind speeds. The results of this study depict a close agreement with the experimental data. The torque predicted by this method is well in line with the experimental values, and it is also able to predict the stalling regions of the wind turbine. This study captures the pre-stall, stall & deep-stall regions and also the 3-dimensional flow around the wind turbine. The flow separation starts occurring on the wind turbine when the inlet speed is greater than 10 m/s, and it is observed that the turbine goes into the deeps stall region when the wind speed is 18m/s.