bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Patient Frailty With Vestibular Schwannoma Resection Outcomes and Machine Learning Development of a Vestibular Schwannoma Risk Stratification Score
Authors: Tang Oliver Y. , Bajaj Ankush I. , Zhao Kevin , Rivera Perla Krissia M. , Ying Yu-Lan Mary , Jyung Robert W. , Liu James K. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Patient frailty is predictive of higher neurosurgical morbidity and mortality. However, existing frailty measures are hindered by lack of specificity to neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze the association between 3 risk stratification scores and outcomes for nationwide vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection admissions and develop a custom VS risk stratification score.

METHODS:
We identified all VS resection admissions in the National Inpatient Sample (2002-2017). Three risk stratification scores were analyzed: modified Frailty Index-5, modified Frailty Index-11(mFI-11), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Survey-weighted multivariate regression evaluated associations between frailty and inpatient outcomes, adjusting for patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and disease severity. Subsequently, we used k-fold cross validation and Akaike Information Criterion–based model selection to create a custom risk stratification score.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 32 465 VS resection admissions. High frailty, as identified by the mFI-11 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, P = .021) and CCI (OR = 1.72, P < .001), predicted higher odds of perioperative complications. All 3 scores were also associated with lower routine discharge rates and elevated length of stay (LOS) and costs (all P < .05). Our custom VS-5 score (https://skullbaseresearch.shinyapps.io/vs-5_calculator/) featured 5 variables (age ≥60 years, hydrocephalus, preoperative cranial nerve palsies, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) and was predictive of higher mortality (OR = 6.40, P = .001), decreased routine hospital discharge (OR = 0.28, P < .001), and elevated complications (OR = 1.59, P < .001), LOS (+48%, P < .001), and costs (+23%, P = .001). The VS-5 outperformed the modified Frailty Index-5, mFI-11, and CCI in predicting routine discharge (all P < .001), including in a pseudoprospective cohort (2018-2019) of 3885 admissions.

CONCLUSION:
Patient frailty predicted poorer inpatient outcomes after VS surgery. Our custom VS-5 score outperformed earlier risk stratification scores.
Mechanisms of sound production in deer mice (Peromyscus spp.)
Authors: Riede Tobias , Kobrina Anastasiya , Bone Landon , Darwaiz Tarana , Pasch Bret 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Rodent diversification is associated with a large diversity of species-specific social vocalizations generated by two distinct laryngeal sound production mechanisms: whistling and airflow-induced vocal fold vibration. Understanding the relative importance of each modality to context-dependent acoustic interactions requires comparative analyses among closely related species. In this study, we used light gas experiments, acoustic analyses and laryngeal morphometrics to identify the distribution of the two mechanisms among six species of deer mice (Peromyscus spp.). We found that high frequency vocalizations (simple and complex sweeps) produced in close-distance contexts were generated by a whistle mechanism. In contrast, lower frequency sustained vocalizations (SVs) used in longer distance communication were produced by airflow-induced vocal fold vibrations. Pup isolation calls, which resemble adult SVs, were also produced by airflow-induced vocal fold vibrations. Nonlinear phenomena (NLP) were common in adult SVs and pup isolation calls, suggesting irregular vocal fold vibration characteristics. Both vocal production mechanisms were facilitated by a characteristic laryngeal morphology, including a two-layered vocal fold lamina propria, small vocal membrane-like extensions on the free edge of the vocal fold, and a singular ventral laryngeal air pocket known as the ventral pouch. The size and composition of vocal folds (rather than total laryngeal size) appears to contribute to species-specific acoustic properties. Our findings suggest that dual modes of sound production are more widespread among rodents than previously appreciated. Additionally, the common occurrence of NLP highlights the nonlinearity of the vocal apparatus, whereby small changes in anatomy or physiology trigger large changes in behavior. Finally, consistency in mechanisms of sound production used by neonates and adults underscores the importance of considering vocal ontogeny in the diversification of species-specific acoustic signals.
Iterated nets of weakly contractive operators
Authors: Melentsov A. A. 
Published: April 2022

Let K be a subset of a Banach space X. An operator T:K→K is said to be weakly contractive, if for every point x∈K there is a number C(x) and for any sequence {xn} with lim xn = x there exists a number N such that ∥Tx−Txn∥ ≤ C(x)∥x−xn∥ for all n>N. Every contractive operator is weakly contractive.The investigation of transfinite iteration processes leads to the study of the sequence space Σ(X) with Tikhonov's topology, to the study of fundamental and uniformly fundamental nets in the space Σ(X). In Theorem 2, by using regular operators summing divergent sequences, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a fixed point of a weakly contractive operator are given. In particular, if T is a contractive operator, then by a theorem of Kirk and Massa [1], TΩ(x)=z for all x∈K, and by Theorem 2 T(z)=z.
On a generalization of strong flatness
Authors: Laan Valdis 
Published: April 2022

Strong flatness or flatness of right acts over a monoid S has been the topic of many papers on homological classification of monoids during the last decades. It has turned out to be useful to consider a property called condition (P), which lies strictly between these two properties. In this paper we define a new condition (O) and show that the class of S-acts satisfying this condition lies strictly between the classes of strongly flat S-acts and S-acts satisfying condition (P).
Counterexamples concerning topologization of spaces of strongly almost convergent sequences
Authors: Kolk Enno 
Published: April 2022

Let λ be a sequence space, f a modulus function, and F=(fk) a sequence of moduli. We characterize the F-normability of the sequence space λ(F) for λ⊂l∞. In the special case if λ is the space sac0 of strongly almost convergent to zero sequences, we give two counterexamples concerning the topologization of various extensions of sac0(F) and sac0(f) considered by Nanda and others. We also correct a similar inaccuracy in a previous paper of the author.
Alternative constructions of skewed multivariate distributions
Authors: Arnold Barry C. , Beaver Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

A review of the construction of skewed multivariate normal distributions is presented. The review considers construction via (1) hidden truncation, (2) threshold models, (3) additive components and (4) a location and scale change for k variables beginning with k−1 independent standard normal variates and one univariate skew normal density. Extensiom to non-normal distributions have mainly used the hidden truncation approach. Unlike the normal case, the use of the three remaining techniques in constructing non-normal multivariate distributions leads to models distinct from those found using the hidden truncation approach. Examples of several tractable multivariate distributions using methods (1) and (3) are also presented.
On risk processes with double barriers
Authors: Lokk Katrin , Pärna Kalev 
Published: April 2022

We consider risk processes with two barriers. The risk process starts with an initial capital u>0 and the two barriers are set at 0 and v(>u). We are interested in finding the probability φ(u,v) that the risk process hits the upper barrier v before 0. Both cases of positive and negative relative safety loading are considered. Explicit formulae for φ(u,v) are obtained in the case of positive safety loading and in a special case of negative safety loading when the claims are exponentially distributed. For the general case of negative safety loading an integral equation is derived for φ(u,v), similar to the classical result for the case of a single barrier at 0.
Boundedness of superposition operators on the sequence spaces (w_0)_p(Phi)
Authors: Raidjõe Annemai 
Published: April 2022

For a solid sequence space λ and a sequence of modulus functions Φ=(φk), let λ(Φ) = {x=(xk) : Φ(x)=(φk(|xk|))∈λ} . Provided another sequence of moduli Ψ = (ψk), we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the local boundedness and boundedness of superposition operators from (w0)p(Φ) into lq(Ψ) in the case 1≤p,q<∞.
A conjecture of Bertino: from copulas to graph theory
Authors: Fredricks Gregory A. 
Published: April 2022

In this article we prove a conjecture of Salvatore Bertino which centers on a study of the function
F(C) = \int_0^{1/2} V_C([t,t+1/2]^2) dt,
where C is a copula. This function, which arises in the study of the index of dissimilarity between two random variables (see Bertino 1977), is the integral of the C-volumes of the family of squares of sidelength 1/2 sliding from the lower left to the upper right along the ascending diagonal of the unit square. The conjecture made in 1999 is that the minimum value of F among the Bertino copulas is 1/8, which is the value of F at the Fr´echet lower bound. The conjecture is established by showing that a certain family of shuffles of M is dense in the set of Bertino copulas and then solving a problem in weighted graphs, which is equivalent to the conjecture in the restricted case.
Factors associated with health insurance ownership among women of reproductive age: A multicountry study in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Shao Liming , Wang Yiting , Wang Xuhui , Ji Lu , Huang Rui 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPromoting the coverage and ownership of health insurance constitutes a key strategy to achieving universal healthcare, thereby meeting the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 3.8) of safeguarding the vulnerable population from financial risk resulting from catastrophic health expenditures. In sub-Saharan Africa, accessing medical services is particularly challenging among women due to inadequate opportunities for socio-economic empowerment and meeting their unique healthcare needs. The present study aimed to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with health insurance ownership among women in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe extracted cross-sectional data on health insurance ownership and conceptually relevant sociodemographic variables on women aged 15–49 years from Demographic and Health Surveys on five selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa (n = 55,438), including Burkina Faso, DR Congo, Cameroon, Gabon and Kenya. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate regression analysis, and the associations were reported in terms of average marginal effects.ResultsData revealed considerable cross-country variation in health insurance ownership: Gabon (57.9%), Kenya (6.1%), DR Congo (2.8%), Cameroon (1.1%), Burkina Faso (0.4%). In the multivariate regression analysis, women’s age, marital status, place of residency, educational level, household wealth status, employment, and media access were significant predictors of insurance ownership. The associations were generally similar across the five countries, with higher age, better educational level and wealth status showing a consistently positive relationship with insurance ownership.ConclusionOur findings revealed striking inequality in health insurance ownership among the studied countries, which should be given due attention to achieving universal healthcare-related goals. There also exist considerable sociodemographic disparities in health insurance ownership among women that should be addressed using context-specific programmatic interventions. Our findings revealed striking inequality in health insurance ownership among the studied countries, which should be given due attention to achieving universal healthcare-related goals. There also exist considerable sociodemographic disparities in health insurance ownership among women that should be addressed using context-specific programmatic interventions.
Efficacy of acupuncture in subpopulations with functional constipation: A protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Jia , Liu Baoyan , Cao Xue , Liu Zhishun , Zhao Tianyi , Lv Xiaoying , Guo Shengnan , Li Yang , He Liyun , Ai Yanke 
Published: April 2022

Background
Several systematic reviews have suggested that acupuncture is effective against functional constipation, but it is unknown whether variations in treatment effect across subgroups remain consistent. Our purpose of this study is to explore the heterogeneity of treatment effect of acupuncture on functional constipation across subgroups.

Methods
We will search eleven English and Chinese electronic databases and three clinical trial registries from inception to December 2021. Randomized controlled trials that evaluate acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture or no treatment for functional constipation will be eligible if they report at least one primary outcome. The primary outcomes will include the change in weekly complete spontaneous bowel movements or spontaneous bowel movements from baseline. Two authors will independently identify the relevant studies, assess the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and contact the primary researchers of the eligible trials for individual patient data. Individual patient data obtained from the original trial author will be standardized and all trial data will be combined into a single database. Generalized linear mixed effects model will be used to determine possible subgroup effects by adding an interaction term for predefined subgroup and treatment.

Systematic review registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Number: CRD42020188366).
Risk of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma after initial diagnosis of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia: A long-term follow-up study
Authors: Prip Clara M. , Stentebjerg Maria , Bennetsen Mary H. , Petersen Lone K. , Bor Pinar 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
The strong association between atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma is well established, but data on the risk of atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in Danish women with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia are almost non-existent. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma diagnosed within 3 months of initial diagnosis (defined as concurrent disease) and the risk of atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma more than 3 months after initial diagnosis (classified as progressive disease) in Danish women initially diagnosed with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia.

Design
This cohort study recruited 102 women diagnosed with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia at Randers Regional Hospital in Randers, Denmark, between 2000 and 2015.

Methods
The endometrium was evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound examination and office mini-hysteroscopy with biopsies in all non-hysterectomized women. Data regarding subsequent hysterectomy or endometrial sampling were obtained from medical records and the Danish Pathology Registry (Patobank).

Results
A total of 15 women were diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma during follow-up. Concurrent atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma was seen in 2.9% (3/102), and among women who remained at risk for more than 3 months after initial diagnosis of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (n = 94), progression to atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma was seen in 13% (median follow-up 5.2 years, range 3.6 months to 15.1 years). Sixty-six percent of the women with progressive disease were diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma more than 1 year after initial diagnosis, but only two were diagnosed later than 5 years (5.2 and 9 years).

Conclusions
The risk of being diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma more than 5 years after an initial diagnosis of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia seems to be low in Danish women. Specialized follow-up more than 5 years after diagnosis of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia may not be warranted.
Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of employees shows low transmission working in a cancer center
Authors: Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Yue Hong , Nowak Radosław P. , Brais Lauren , Ma Chao , Johnson Samantha , Harrod Joanna , Burman Shourya S. Roy , Hendrickson Lynn M. , Fischinger Stephanie , Alter Galit , Hahn William , Johnson Bruce E. , Fischer Eric S. 
Published: April 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic led to emergency measures to continue patient care and research at a comprehensive cancer center while protecting both employees and patients. Determining exposure and infection rates with SARS-CoV-2 were important to adjust workplace policies over time.

Methods
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) has over 7,000 employees. Participation was voluntary. After consent, participants completed questionnaire of demographics, exposures and risk factors for COVID-19 illness at each time point (baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months) along with blood draws for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Primary measure was determination of titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG over time.

Results
In total, 745 employees enrolled from May 2020 to February 2021 (mean [SD] age, 40[14] years; 572[80%] women). From May to July 2020, 47 of 519 employees (9.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7–12.0%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibodies. Three months later, 40 of 428 employees had positive antibodies (8.5%, 95% CI 6.0–11.0%) with 17 newly positive. At month 6, 78.5% of participants reported having received at least one dose of vaccine and the positivity rate for those vaccinated was 98% (95% CI, 95–100%). Spike protein IgG titers for those vaccinated were 7.9 times higher than participants not vaccinated (median IgG titer = 0.28 for positive antibody but not vaccinated versus 2.2 for vaccinated) but demonstrate evidence of waning over time.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity remained less than 10% at a single comprehensive cancer center prior to vaccination and there is evidence of waning IgG titers over time after vaccination.
Cardiac remodeling in ambitious endurance-trained amateur athletes older than 50 years–an observational study
Authors: Dalos Daniel , Dachs Theresa , Gatterer Constantin , Schneider Matthias , Binder Thomas , Bonderman Diana , Hengstenberg Christian , Panzer Simon , Aschauer Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Background
Data on cardiac remodeling in veteran athletes are conflicting but of clinical importance.

Methods
Sixty-nine clinically stable and healthy individuals >50 years were identified (median 55 (IQR 52–64), 26% female). Echocardiographic features were identified in individuals, who have performed endurance sports at 70% of their maximum heart rate for at least 1 hour 3 times/ week over the previous 5 years.

Results
Median training time in all participants was 6 hours per week. Therefore, based on these 6 hours of weekly training, participants were grouped into 45 ambitious endurance-trained amateur athletes (EAA) and 24 recreationally active endurance-trained athletes (RAP) training ≥6 hours (6–10) and <6 hours (3.5–5), respectively. Left ventricular (LV) diameters were slightly larger in EAA than in RAP (27 mm/m2 (25–28) vs. 25 mm/m2 (24–27), p = 0.023) and EAA showed preserved diastolic function (p = 0.028) with lower E/E’ ratio (7 (6–9) vs. 9 (7–10), p = 0.039). Interventricular septal thickness and relative wall thickness ratio were similar. Global right ventricular and LV strain were similar, but left atrial (LA) reservoir strain was higher in EAA than in RAP (27% (22–34) vs. 20% (15–29), p = 0.002).

Conclusions
Endurance training in healthy athletes >50 years is not associated with chamber dilatation or LV hypertrophy. A weekly training duration of ≥6 hours seems beneficial to preserve diastolic function associated with an increased LA reservoir function.
MODERATING EFFECT OF COMPANY SIZE ON AUDIT COMMITTEE AND INTELECTUAL CAPITAL TOWARD CORPORATE VALUE
Authors: Simandjuntak JBP , Murwaningsari Etty 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In this study, to analyze the effect of Audit Committee, and Intelectual Capital toward Company values. And also analyzes the impact of Company Size as a moderating variable that strengthens or weakens the relationship between the effects of Audit Committee, Intecetual capital toward Company values. The researcher collects empirical study data from the companies using secondary data taken from the annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study used a purposive sampling technique and obtained as many as 53 companies in accordance with predetermined criteria. Then analyzes them using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A total of 265 units of data analysis that meet the criteria and can be used as samples in this study. This study only takes secondary data from the annual reports of company’s in the Indonesia stock exchange. Company Size as a moderator between Audit Committee and Intellectual Capital toward Corporate Value in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange is still little researched. So this research will not only fill in the current gaps in the literature but also spark new academic debates, but this study will also contribute to the practice of Corporate Value. This study reveals that Audit Commitee and Intellectual Capital have a positive and significant effect on Corporate Value. Meanwhile, the role of the Company Size as a moderating variable have strengthens the influence between Audit Commitee and Corporate Value from before being moderated by the Company Size.
Rower publiczny 1. generacji w XXI w. – studium przypadku Krotoszyna
Authors: Kwiatkowski Michał Adam , Biegańska Jadwiga 
Published: April 2022

Systemy roweru publicznego rozwijają się jako środek transportu w miastach, stanowiąc zrównoważoną alternatywę dla transportu zmotoryzowanego. Rozwiązanie to ewoluowało na przestrzeni lat, przechodząc od lat 60. XX w. do współczesności przez różne etapy rozwoju. Poszczególne generacje systemów roweru publicznego odpowiadały na potrzeby oraz możliwości techniczne swoich czasów – od niezabezpieczonych, udostępnianych mieszkańcom na zasadzie zaufania społecznego, rowerów 1. generacji, do wyposażonych w zabezpieczenia i zaawansowane rozwiązania mobilne rowerów 4. generacji. Systemy roweru publicznego, niezależnie od generacji, wpisują się także w założenia gospodarki współdzielenia (sharing economy), zakładającej możliwość wspólnego korzystania z tych samych dóbr przez wielu użytkowników.
W artykule przedstawiono przykład wdrożenia w 2017 r. systemu roweru publicznego w Krotoszynie (województwo wielkopolskie) opartego na zasadach 1. generacji, znanych z lat 60. XX w. Dokonano ponadto oceny, czy wprowadzenie systemu roweru publicznego opartego na zaufaniu wobec mieszkańców może zakończyć się powodzeniem. Jak wykazano, rozwiązania te oparte są na kilku istotnych filarach, w tym doświadczeniu samorządu lokalnego, racjonalnej kalkulacji i planowaniu oraz edukacji społeczeństwa.