bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geschichte der Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie am Vivantes Klinikum Berlin-Neukölln
Authors: Buder Susanne , Hillen Uwe , Kohl Peter Karl 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie 95-jährige Geschichte der Hautklink Britz, später Hautklinik Neukölln, der ältesten der Vivantes-Dermatologien, wird mit ihren klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Schwerpunkten anhand der Wirkungszeiten der jeweiligen Leiter der Klinik im Kontext der zeitlichen Umstände, darunter der Nationalsozialismus, der 2. Weltkrieg, die Ökonomisierung der Medizin und das Auftreten der Sars-CoV-2-Pandemie dargestellt. Das Fachgebiet in seiner ganzen Breite zu vertreten und eine sorgfältige Weiterbildung für angehende Fachärzte zu ermöglichen war allen Chefärzten bis heute ein wichtiges Anliegen. Während über Jahrzehnte die Behandlung venerisch erkrankter Patienten die Klinik prägte, bilden heute Dermatochirurgie und Dermatoonkologie einschließlich medikamentöser Tumortherapie und die Versorgung schwerer Hauterkrankungen die Schwerpunkte des Klinikalltages. Die über Jahrzehnte kontinuierlich weiterentwickelte Venerologie und Dermatohistologie stellen bis heute besondere Merkmale des Hauses dar.
Allgemeine Palliativversorgung im Krankenhaus während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Werner Liane , Fischer Marius , van Oorschot Birgitt , Ziegaus Anke , Schwartz Jacqueline , Reuters Marie-Christine , Schallenburger Manuela , Henking Tanja , Neuderth Silke , Simon Steffen , Bausewein Claudia , Roch Carmen , Neukirchen Martin ,   für die PallPan-Forschungsgruppe
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Im Forschungsverbund deutscher universitärer Palliativzentren (PallPan) im Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin (NUM) wurden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Versorgung von Schwerkranken und Sterbenden in Pandemiezeiten erarbeitet. Dazu wurden auch die Erfahrungen und Bedürfnisse von patientennah tätigen Mitarbeitenden im Krankenhaus außerhalb von spezialisierten Palliativstationen während der 1. Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie untersucht.
Methode Bundesweite Online-Befragung von 8882 akutstationär tätigen Ärzt*innen, Pflegenden und Therapeut*innen im Zeitraum von Dezember 2020 bis Januar 2021 mittels eines neu entwickelten und pilotierten Fragebogens zu Veränderungen, Belastungen und zur Zusammenarbeit mit der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin. Gruppenbildung anhand der Veränderungen der Anzahl von Schwerkranken und Sterbenden in der ersten Welle der Pandemie. Aufgrund des explorativen Charakters der Studie wurden die Daten deskriptiv analysiert.
Ergebnisse 505/8882 vollständig bearbeitete Fragebögen wurden ausgewertet (5,7 %). 167/505 (33,1 %) der Befragten berichteten über eine verschlechterte Versorgungsqualität von Schwerkranken und Sterbenden. 464/505 (91,8 %) berichteten über Ausnahmeregelungen für Besuche von Sterbenden. Der meistgenannte Belastungsfaktor war die wahrgenommene Vereinsamung der Schwerkranken und Sterbenden 437/505 (86,5 %), gefolgt von den verschärften Hygieneregeln 409/505 (81 %), der erhöhten Arbeitsbelastung 372/505 (73,3 %) und der wahrgenommenen psychischen Belastung von Angehörigen und Hinterbliebenen 395/505 (78,2 %). Tablet-PCs zur Unterstützung der Patienten-Angehörigen-Kommunikation wurden von 141/505 (27,9 %) der Befragten genutzt. 310/505 (61,4 %) des in die Patientenversorgung involvierten palliativmedizinischen Fachpersonals und 356/505 (70,5 %) der Befragten hielten weitere palliativmedizinische Angebote für hilfreich.
Folgerung Die Erfahrungen und Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der Palliativversorgung in Pandemiezeiten sind in die PallPan-Handlungsempfehlungen integriert. Angehörigenbesuche sollten ermöglicht und um digitale Angebote erweitert werden. Palliativversorgung sollte in Pandemie- und Krisenpläne integriert werden.
Auswirkungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie auf die Inanspruchnahme der
onkologischen Rehabilitation: eine
Difference-in-Differences-Analyse
Authors: Fauser David , Banaschak Hannes , Zollmann Pia , Streibelt Marco , Bethge Matthias 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der durch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie eingeschränkte
Zugang zur rehabilitativen Versorgung kann die Teilhabe von Menschen mit
Krebserkrankungen beeinträchtigen und birgt die Gefahr einer Progression
der zugrundeliegenden Erkrankung. Ziel unserer Analysen war es zu beschreiben,
in welchem Umfang die Inanspruchnahme onkologischer Rehabilitation
pandemiebedingt zurückgegangen ist.
Methodik Wir nutzten monatliche Querschnittsdaten von der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung zur Inanspruchnahme onkologischer Rehabilitation
(Ca-Reha-Leistung nach § 15 für Versicherte im
erwerbsfähigen Alter oder § 31 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 SGB VI für
Rentner) in den Jahren 2019 und 2020. Mit einem Difference-in-Differences-Modell
schätzten wir die auf die Pandemie zurückzuführende
Reduktion der Inanspruchnahme onkologischer Rehabilitation. Als
Difference-in-Differences-Schätzer wurde das Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR)
berechnet.
Ergebnisse Wir berücksichtigten 146.924 onkologische
Rehabilitationen im Jahr 2019 und 113.117 Leistungen im Jahr 2020. Die
Inanspruchnahme onkologischer Rehabilitation reduzierte sich pandemiebedingt um
11,5% bei Leistungen nach § 15 SGB VI (IRR=0,885;
95% KI: 0,864 bis 0,906) und um 26,5% bei Leistungen nach
§ 31 (IRR=0,735; 95% KI: 0,717 bis 0,754). Bei
Ca-Reha-Leistungen nach § 31 war der Rückgang in den alten
Bundesländern höher als in den neuen Bundesländern und
für allgemeine Antragsverfahren deutlich stärker als für
Anschlussrehabilitationen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Analysen zeigen einen pandemiebedingten
Rückgang onkologischer Rehabilitation vor allem bei onkologischen
Rehabilitationsleistungen für Rentner nach § 31. Der Verzicht
auf die durch medizinische Rehabilitation erreichbare körperliche und
psychische Erholung und Linderung von Krankheits- und Behandlungsnebenwirkungen
wird für viele an Krebs erkrankte Personen mit einer
Verschärfung von Teilhabeeinschränkungen einhergehen. Ein
wiederholtes Monitoring von Arbeitsfähigkeit und Gesundheit chronisch
kranker Menschen könnte erforderliche Daten generieren, um zu
klären, warum rehabilitationsbedürftige Menschen von der
Inanspruchnahme onkologischer Rehabilitation Abstand genommen haben und wie sie
unterstützt werden können.
Post-COVID: Alles eine Frage der Definition?
Authors: Lemhöfer Christina , Appel Katharina S. , Häuser Winfried , Hettich Nora , Kohls Mirjam , Polidori Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz des Post-COVID-Syndroms (PCS) ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Die bisherigen Definitionen bilden vorrangig zeitliche Aspekte ab, lassen jedoch funktionelle Defizite sowie die Objektivierung von Symptomen außer Acht. Dies führt zu diagnostischen sowie therapeutischen Unklarheiten. In Pubmed wurde daher nach systematischen Reviews gesucht, die sich mit den Folgen einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion befassten. Die zugrunde liegenden Definitionen sowie zeitlichen Einschlusskriterien wurden extrahiert. 16 systematische Reviews wurden eingeschlossen, davon 11 mit einer Definition des PCS. In 58 % der analysierten Einzelstudien wurden Patienten mit einer Symptomatik > 12 Wochen und damit entsprechend der Definition des PCS inkludiert. Fazit: Eine weitere Präzisierung der Definition des PCS ist notwendig, um Diagnostik und eine multimodale Behandlung zu erleichtern und die knappen therapeutischen Ressourcen entsprechend zu nutzen.
Azidation with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Waser Jerome , Simonet-Davin Raphaël 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this short review, we describe applications of hypervalent iodine reagents for the azidation of organic compounds from seminal publications to the most recent reports. After reviewing selected examples of azidations based on the use of in situ formed unstable non-cyclic reagents, we focus in more detail on stable cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents. Important advances in the azidation of C–H bonds, alkenes, as well as other transformations are described. Rather than being comprehensive, we highlight selected key reports that, in our opinion, especially contributed to the advancement of research in the field.1	Introduction2	Non-Cyclic λ3-Iodanes3	Heterocyclic λ3-Iodanes3.1	Azidation of Aliphatic C–H Bonds3.2	Azidation of Alkenes3.3	Other Azidations4	Conclusion and Outlook
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Assembly of Multi-Layer Folding Chiral Targets via Asymmetric Catalytic Single C–C Bond Formation
Authors: Li Guigen , Liu Yangxue , Rouh Hossein , Tang Yao , Wu Guanzhao , Yuan Qingkai , Zhang Sai , Wang Jia-Yin , Jin Shengzhou , Xu Ting , Wang Yu , Pan Junyi , Unruh Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work presents the first enantio- and diastereoselective assembly of multi-layer folding targets through asymmetric catalytic C–C bond formation. Pd[(S)-BINAP]Cl2 is found to be an efficient catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling between phosphinyl bromides and benzothiadiazole boronic esters for this asymmetric assembly. The structure of the resulting chiral multi-layer folding framework is unambiguously determined by X-ray analysis and shows a nearly parallel pattern of three layers and quasi-syn and -anti configurations. Good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99:1 er) are achieved.
Chiral Proton-Transfer Shuttle Catalysts Promoted Enantio­selective Nazarov Cyclization
Authors: Zhu Shou-Fei , Cao Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Nazarov cyclization reaction is a convenient, widely used method for the synthesis of cyclopentenones. In this account, we reviewed our recent efforts on the chiral proton-transfer shuttle catalysts promoted enantioselective Nazarov cyclization. We have synthesized various chiral cyclopenta[b]indoles and chiral α,α′-disubstituted cyclopentenones by means of cooperative catalysis of a Lewis acid and a chiral spiro phosphoric acid. The mechanistic studies revealed that the chiral spiro phosphoric acid acts as a multifunctional catalyst: it co-catalyzes the cyclization of the dienone and enantioselectively catalyzes a proton-transfer reaction of the enol intermediate via a hydrogen-­bonding network.1	Introduction2	Enantioselective Nazarov Cyclization of Indole Enones3	Enantioselective Silicon-Directed Nazarov Cyclization4	Conclusion
Photoredox Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides with 4-(Difluoroamino)-1-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]pyridinium Triflate (TFSP)
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng , Sun Zetian , Yang Hui , Chen Huimin , Mao Fenghua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA photoredox trifluoromethylation/cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with inexpensive stable solid 4-(difluoroamino)-1-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]pyridinium triflate (TFSP) has been developed.
First divertor Thomson scattering measurements on MAST-U
Authors: Clark J. G. , Bowden M. D. , Kim Y. , Parry B. , Rose E. , Sarwar R. , Scannell R. 
Published: October 2022

MAST-U is equipped with a Super-X divertor, which aims to reduce heat flux to the target and promote detachment. Measurements of plasma electron density and temperature in the Super-X chamber offer insight into the processes at work in this type of divertor. First data have been obtained from the MAST-U divertor Thomson scattering diagnostic designed to measure these quantities. Following a Raman scattering calibration in nitrogen, the diagnostic operated over a number of plasma pulses in the first physics campaign. Electron density and temperature measurements have been taken in attached and detached conditions as the strike leg moved through the field of view of the diagnostic. The system operated with a dedicated 30 Hz laser with timing synchronized to seven similar lasers installed in the core Thomson system. Electron densities in the range of 1 × 1018–5 × 1019 m−3 have been measured by the system throughout these regimes. Although the system was specified to measure from 1 to 40 eV, electron temperatures in the Super-X divertor in the first campaign were low, and measurement down to 0.5 eV has been critical, particularly close to the detachment front. This generation of polychromator has been designed with increased stray light rejection compared to those used in the core system. This has proved successful with very low levels of stray light observed.
Observations on populations of a small insectivorous bird,
Authors: Maute Kimberly , Story Paul , Hose Grant C , Warden Andrew , Dojchinov Greg , French Kristine 
Published: October 2022

The use of chemical pesticides to manage locust populations in natural ecosystems is likely to impact non-target arthropods and their predators. However, the relative effects of different locust control applications on Australian birds are unknown. Aerial applications of fipronil and fenitrothion are examples of two pesticides used in locust control in semiarid Australia. To test the relative impacts of pesticides on non-target fauna, pesticides were applied to replicate sites using aerial ultra-low-volume application methods. The body condition and biomarkers of pesticide exposure in resident white-winged fairy wrens (Malurus leucopterus leuconotus) at treatment and control sites were measured for two weeks before and after treatments. No measures suggested negative impacts of pesticide applications. However, birds monitored at treatment sites gained mass, possibly due to indirect impacts of pesticides on bird feeding patterns or the availability or behaviour of insect prey. Bird mass measures remained high at fipronil sites, whereas the mass of birds at fenitrothion sites returned to baseline levels within one week. As this study was conducted during dry conditions, when locust plagues are less likely, future insecticide research should also consider the availability of insect prey, its effect on insectivore feeding behaviour and the interaction of rainfall events.
Yin and yang regulation of stress granules by Caprin-1
Authors: Song Dan , Kuang Lisha , Yang Lin , Wang Lei , Li Hao , Li Xiu , Zhu Zhimin , Shi Chaowei , Zhu Haining , Gong Weimin 
Published: October 2022

Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates containing proteins and RNAs in response to stress. Ras-GTPase–activating protein binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a core SG protein. Caprin-1 and ubiquitin specific peptidase 10 (USP10) interact with G3BP1, facilitating and suppressing SG formation, respectively. The crystal structures of the nuclear transport factor 2-like (NTF2L) domain of G3BP1 in complex with the G3BP1-interacting motif (GIM) of Caprin-1 and USP10 show that both GIMs bind to the same hydrophobic pocket of G3BP1. Moreover, both GIMs suppressed the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of G3BP1, suggesting that Caprin-1 likely facilitates SG formation via other mechanisms. Thus, we dissected various domains of Caprin-1 and investigated their role in LLPS in vitro and SG formation in cells. The C-terminal domain of Caprin-1 underwent spontaneous LLPS, whereas the N-terminal domain and GIM of Caprin-1 suppressed LLPS of G3BP1. The opposing effect of the N- and C-terminal domains of Caprin-1 on SG formation were demonstrated in cells with or without the endogenous Caprin-1. We propose that the N- and C-terminal domains of Caprin-1 regulate SG formation in a “yin and yang” fashion, mediating the dynamic and reversible assembly of SGs.
Bovine and human endometrium-derived hydrogels support organoid culture from healthy and cancerous tissues
Authors: Jamaluddin M. Fairuz B. , Ghosh Arnab , Ingle Aviraj , Mohammed Riazuddin , Ali Ayesha , Bahrami Mohammad , Kaiko Gerard , Gibb Zamira , Filipe Elysse C. , Cox Thomas R. , Boulton Angela , O’Sullivan Rachel , Ius Yvette , Karakoti Ajay , Vinu Ajayan , Nahar Pravin , Jaaback Kenneth , Bansal Vipul , Tanwar Pradeep S. 
Published: October 2022

Organoid technology has provided unique insights into human organ development, function, and diseases. Patient-derived organoids are increasingly used for drug screening, modeling rare disorders, designing regenerative therapies, and understanding disease pathogenesis. However, the use of Matrigel to grow organoids represents a major challenge in the clinical translation of organoid technology. Matrigel is a poorly defined mixture of extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors extracted from the Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm mouse tumor. The extracellular matrix is a major driver of multiple cellular processes and differs significantly between tissues as well as in healthy and disease states of the same tissue. Therefore, we envisioned that the extracellular matrix derived from a native healthy tissue would be able to support organoid growth akin to organogenesis in vivo. Here, we have developed hydrogels from decellularized human and bovine endometrium. These hydrogels supported the growth of mouse and human endometrial organoids, which was comparable to Matrigel. Organoids grown in endometrial hydrogels were proteomically more similar to the native tissue than those cultured in Matrigel. Proteomic and Raman microspectroscopy analyses showed that the method of decellularization affects the biochemical composition of hydrogels and, subsequently, their ability to support organoid growth. The amount of laminin in hydrogels correlated with the number and shape of organoids. We also demonstrated the utility of endometrial hydrogels in developing solid scaffolds for supporting high-throughput, cell culture–based applications. In summary, endometrial hydrogels overcome a major limitation of organoid technology and greatly expand the applicability of organoids to understand endometrial biology and associated pathologies.
In vitro evolution of ribonucleases from expanded genetic alphabets
Authors: Jerome Craig A. , Hoshika Shuichi , Bradley Kevin M. , Benner Steven A. , Biondi Elisa 
Published: October 2022

The ability of nucleic acids to catalyze reactions (as well as store and transmit information) is important for both basic and applied science, the first in the context of molecular evolution and the origin of life and the second for biomedical applications. However, the catalytic power of standard nucleic acids (NAs) assembled from just four nucleotide building blocks is limited when compared with that of proteins. Here, we assess the evolutionary potential of libraries of nucleic acids with six nucleotide building blocks as reservoirs for catalysis. We compare the outcomes of in vitro selection experiments toward RNA-cleavage activity of two nucleic acid libraries: one built from the standard four independently replicable nucleotides and the other from six, with the two added nucleotides coming from an artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS). Results from comparative experiments suggest that DNA libraries with increased chemical diversity, higher information density, and larger searchable sequence spaces are one order of magnitude richer reservoirs of molecules that catalyze the cleavage of a phosphodiester bond in RNA than DNA libraries built from a standard four-nucleotide alphabet. Evolved AEGISzymes with nitro-carrying nucleobase Z appear to exploit a general acid–base catalytic mechanism to cleave that bond, analogous to the mechanism of the ribonuclease A family of protein enzymes and heavily modified DNAzymes. The AEGISzyme described here represents a new type of catalysts evolved from libraries built from expanded genetic alphabets.
The rubber brick’s story: A cultural sociology of policing protest in Europe
Authors: Kretschmann Andrea 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
This ethnographically based article investigates the simulated enactments European police forces undergo in mock cities in order to train for protest policing. From a perspective grounded in cultural sociology, the analysis focuses on the rubber brick used in these simulations as a substitute for the stones that protesters sometimes hurl at police. It looks at the brick as a cultural materialisation that marks a specific form of police training, as well as policing more generally. By following the stone’s trace, the article argues that the brick acts as a medium that reflects police action: It derives its meaning from the imaginary of the demonstrators and protesters as violent, and sometimes even as hostile, in the sense of forces which should be met with a combative police reaction. Thus, the stone creates a self-image of the police characterised by toughness, courage, and strength. The thorough article adds to the research about protest policing by offering the first investigation of the meaning of simulated training for police forces.
Upon the horizon’s verge: Thermal particle creation between and approaching horizons
Authors: Fernández-Silvestre Diego , Good Michael R R , Linder Eric V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Quantum particle creation from spacetime horizons, or accelerating boundaries in the dynamical Casimir effect, can have an equilibrium, or thermal, distribution. Using an accelerating boundary in flat spacetime (moving mirror), we investigate the production of thermal energy flux despite non-equilibrium accelerations, the evolution between equilibrium states, and the ‘interference’ between horizons. In particular, this allows us to give a complete solution to the particle spectrum of the accelerated boundary correspondence with Schwarzschild–de Sitter spacetime.
Emergence of smooth distance and apparent magnitude in a lumpy Universe
Authors: Umeh Obinna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The standard interpretation of observations such as the peak apparent magnitude of Type Ia supernova made from one location in a lumpy Universe is based on the idealised Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime. All possible corrections to this model due to inhomogeneities are usually neglected. Here, we use the result from the recent concise derivation of the area distance in an inhomogeneous Universe to study the monopole and Hubble residual of the apparent magnitude of Type Ia supernovae. We find that at low redshifts, the background FLRW spacetime model of the apparent magnitude receives corrections due to relative velocity perturbation in the observed redshift. We show how this velocity perturbation could contribute to a variance in the Hubble residual and how it could impact the calibration of the absolute magnitude of the Type Ia supernova in the Hubble flow. We also show that it could resolve the tension in the determination of the Hubble rate from the baryon acoustic oscillation and local measurements.
Numerical simulation of non-central collisions of spherical magnets
Authors: Bartz Sean P , Shaw Jacob 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a computational model of non-central collisions of two spherical neodymium-iron-boron magnets, suggested as a demonstration of angular momentum conservation. Our program uses an attractive dipole–dipole force and a repulsive contact force to solve the Newtonian equations of motion for the magnets. We confirm the conservation of angular momentum and study the changes in energy throughout the interaction. Using the exact expression for the dipole–dipole force, including non-central terms, we correctly model the final rotational frequencies, which is not possible with a simple power-law approximation.