bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate, vegetation and fire history during the past 18,000 years, recorded in high altitude lacustrine sediments on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains (Ethiopia)
Authors: Mekonnen Betelhem , Glaser Bruno , Zech Roland , Zech Michael , Schlütz Frank , Bussert Robert , Addis Agerie , Gil-Romera Graciela , Nemomissa Sileshi , Bekele Tamrat , Bittner Lucas , Solomon Dawit , Manhart Andreas , Zech Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow-altitude lakes in eastern Africa have long been investigated and have provided valuable information about the Late Quaternary paleohydrological evolution, such as the African Humid Period. However, records often suffer from poor age control, resolution, and/or ambiguous proxy interpretation, and only little focus has been put on high-altitude regions despite their sensitivity to global, regional, and local climate change phenomena. Here we report on Last Glacial environmental fluctuations at about 4000 m asl on the Sanetti Plateau in the Bale Mountains (SE Ethiopia), based on biogeochemical and palynological analyses of laminated lacustrine sediments. After deglaciation at about 18 cal kyr BP, a steppe-like herb-rich grassland with maximum Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae and Plantago existed. Between 16.6 and 15.7 cal kyr BP, conditions were dry with a desiccation layer at ~ 16.3 cal kyr BP, documenting a temporary phase of maximum aridity on the plateau. While that local event lasted for only a few decades, concentrations of various elements (e.g. Zr, HF, Nb, Nd, and Na) started to increase and reached a maximum at ~ 15.8–15.7 cal kyr BP. We interpret those elements to reflect allochthonous, aeolian dust input via dry northerly winds and increasingly arid conditions in the lowlands. We suggest an abrupt versus delayed response at high and low altitudes, respectively, in response to Northern Hemispheric cooling events (the Heinrich Event 1). The delayed response at low altitudes might be caused by slow negative vegetation and monsoon feedbacks that make the ecosystem somewhat resilient. At ~ 15.7 cal kyr BP, our record shows an abrupt onset of the African Humid Period, almost 1000 years before the onset of the Bølling–Allerød warming in the North-Atlantic region, and about 300 years earlier than in the Lake Tana region. Erica pollen increased significantly between 14.4 and 13.6 cal kyr BP in agreement with periodically wet and regionally warm conditions. Similarly, intense fire events, documented by increased black carbon, correlate with wet and warm environmental conditions that promote the growth of Erica shrubs. This allows to conclude that biomass and thus fuel availability is one important factor controlling fire events in the Bale Mountains.
Exophytic pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst incidentally detected in a differentiated thyroid cancer patient on whole-body I-131 scan: a case report
Authors: Murokawa Takahiro , Okabayashi Takehiro , Oishi Kazuyuki , Sui Kenta , Tabuchi Motoyasu , Iwata Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Radioiodine (I-131) whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) is a useful modality for identifying functionally preserved thyroid tissue and metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, the specificity of I-131 uptake is limited, and its accumulation in the pancreas has not been well described.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old male patient with DTC who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy (pT3N1bM0 Stage IV) received radioiodine treatment at our facility. After treatment, an I-131 WBS revealed abnormal I-131 uptake in the head of the pancreas. Computed tomography identified a round hypodense mass (10 × 20 mm) adjacent to the pancreas head that was impervious to fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) during subsequent 18F-FDG-positron emission tomography. A diagnosis of pancreatic metastasis from the DTC could not be excluded; therefore, local resection was performed for diagnostic certainty and treatment. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be an exophytic lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) of the pancreas. The patient also had a transient pancreatic leak which spontaneously resolved after surgery, and he was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 8.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an exophytic pancreatic LEC producing a false-positive result during I-131 WBS. Knowledge of all potential I-131 false-positive findings may help improve the management of patients with DTC and circumvent misdiagnoses.
The simultaneous crises of dengue and COVID-19 in Pakistan: a double hazard for the country’s debilitated healthcare system
Authors: Khatri Govinda , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Shaikh Somina , Mir Syeda Lamiya , Sahito Abdul Moiz , Priya  , Rocha Ian Christopher N. , Elmahi Osman Kamal Osman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDengue fever is an arthropod-borne viral illness caused by four dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1–4), spread by Aedes mosquitos. Common symptoms of dengue include high peak temperature, headache, myalgia, and malaise following infection, with a rash emerging after 3 to 4 days. More than half of the world's population lives in dengue-endemic areas. Every year, around 100 million dengue cases are reported, with Southeast Asia comprising the majority. Nearly every day, there is a breakout of dengue infections in many areas of Pakistan, in addition to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, combating the dual burden of dengue and COVID-19 is difficult for the nation's healthcare system. Misdiagnosis owing to overlapping symptoms with COVID-19, overburdening of the healthcare system, and a lack of appropriate vaccination are some of the obstacles for dengue infection management. The government of Pakistan is pursuing a variety of measures to combat dengue fever outbreaks, including, The Pakistan Red Crescent Society was asked by the Department of Malaria Control Program to aid in promoting awareness and organizing clean-up campaigns in polluted regions and stagnant water for vector control.
Variation in physico-chemical, organoleptic and microbial qualities of intermediate moisture pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) slices during storage
Authors: Gomez Saji , Kuruvila Bintu , Maneesha P. K. , Joseph Meagle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pineapple is a commercial tropical fruit ranking sixth in global fruit production. Seasonal market gluts result in huge postharvest losses in all pineapple-growing nations. To reduce postharvest losses of fruits, viable, cost-effective and market-oriented value-added products are needed urgently. The present study was carried out to determine the suitability of two commercial varieties, Kew and Mauritius, for the development of intermediate moisture (IM) fruits and to evaluate product quality during storage. Pineapple slices were steam blanched for 2 min, followed by immersion in osmotic solution containing sucrose and sorbitol (fruit: solution ratio of 1:4), in combination with 0.5% ascorbic acid and 0.25% potassium metabisulfite, for 6 h and were subsequently dehydrated in a tray drier at 50 °C until the moisture content of the product attained equilibrium. The initial moisture contents of IM Kew and Mauritius pineapple slices were 26.53 and 21.65 g/100 g, respectively, while the water activity ranged between 0.671 and 0.666. The L* and b* values showed a decreasing trend, while a* value increased throughout storage, irrespective of variety and storage conditions. The initial TSS of IM pineapple from both varieties was 72 0 Brix, which declined during storage. Though titratable acidity of the product decreased during storage, the decline was insignificant. The total carotenoids of the product from Mauritius was significantly higher (0.809 mg 100 g− 1) compared to the one from Kew (0.215 mg 100 g− 1). Total phenolics contents in IM slices showed an increasing trend during storage, irrespective of varieties and storage conditions. IM pineapple slices from the variety Mauritius had significantly higher flavonoids (40.50 mg) than the product from Kew (30.0 mg 100 g− 1). DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest (3.0 μl ml− 1) in IM slices from the variety Mauritius as compared to those from Kew (5.0 μl ml− 1). IM pineapple from Mauritius recorded higher organoleptic scores throughout storage. Fungi were not detected in any of the samples throughout the storage period while the population of bacteria and yeast was negligible.

Graphical abstract
The Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacology of a Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Miller Jennifer L , Lacroix André , Bird Lynne M , Shoemaker Ashley H , Haqq Andrea , Deal Cheri L , Clark Kristie A , Ames Michael H , Suico Jeffrey G , de la Peña Amparo , Fortier Caroline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContextAcylated ghrelin (AG) stimulates appetite and is elevated compared to its unacylated (UAG) counterpart in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). GLWL-01 is a selective, reversible inhibitor of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), the enzyme that converts UAG into AG.ObjectiveThis work aimed to assess the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of GLWL-01 in the treatment of PWS patients.MethodsA double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 crossover study was conducted with 2 active treatment periods of 28 days in 19 patients (aged 16-65 years; body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28) with genetically confirmed PWS. The study took place in 7 hospital-based study centers in the United States and Canada. Patients received placebo or GLWL-01 (450 mg twice daily) orally after lead-in placebo and washout periods. The Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials and Caregiver Global Impression of Change were used to measure reductions in hyperphagia. Plasma concentrations of AG and UAG were evaluated as correlates.ResultsTreatment resulted in statistically significant differences compared to placebo in plasma AG (P = .0002), UAG (P = .0488), and AG/UAG (P = .0003). GLWL-01 did not statistically significantly reduce hyperphagia-related behavior or bring about changes in global clinical end points, as assessed by caregivers. Anthropometric and clinical parameters correlated with obesity did not statistically significantly change in response to treatment. Less than half of patients reported a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). No deaths, serious adverse events, or severe TEAEs were reported.ConclusionGLWL-01 is safe and well tolerated. Pharmacological parameters confirmed the inhibition of GOAT following administration of GLWL-01. Patients’ eating behaviors, BMI, blood glucose, and total cholesterol, among other similar measures, were not modified.
Hyperglucagonemia in Pediatric Adiposity Associates With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors but Not Hyperglycemia
Authors: Stinson Sara E , Jonsson Anna E , de Retana Alzola Ierai Fernández , Lund Morten A V , Frithioff-Bøjsøe Christine , Aas Holm Louise , Fonvig Cilius E , Pedersen Oluf , Ängquist Lars , Sørensen Thorkild I A , Holst Jens J , Christiansen Michael , Holm Jens-Christian , Hartmann Bolette , Hansen Torben 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
In adults, hyperglucagonemia is associated with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and obesity. The role of glucagon in pediatric overweight/obesity remains unclear.

Objective
We examined whether fasting concentrations of glucagon are elevated in youth with overweight/obesity and whether this associates with cardiometabolic risk profiles.

Methods
Analyses were based on the cross-sectional HOLBAEK study, including children and adolescents 6 to 19 years of age, with overweight/obesity from an obesity clinic group (n = 2154) and with normal weight from a population-based group (n = 1858). Fasting concentrations of plasma glucagon and cardiometabolic risk outcomes were assessed, and multiple linear and logistic regressions models were performed.

Results
The obesity clinic group had higher glucagon concentrations than the population-based group (P &lt; 0.001). Glucagon positively associated with body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS), waist, body fat %, liver fat %, alanine transaminase (ALT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin, C-peptide, LDL-C, triglycerides, SDS of diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and was inversely associated with fasting glucose. The inverse relationship between glucagon and glucose was attenuated in individuals with high BMI SDS and high fasting insulin. Glucagon was associated with a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, increased ALT, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, but not with hyperglycemia. Glucagon was positively associated with fasting total glucagon-like peptide-1.

Conclusion
Compared with normal weight peers, children and adolescents with overweight/obesity had elevated concentrations of fasting glucagon, which corresponded to worsened cardiometabolic risk outcomes, except for hyperglycemia. This suggests hyperglucagonemia in youth may precede impairments in glucose regulation.
Respiratory Adverse Events After LMA® Mask Removal in Children: A Randomized Trial Comparing Propofol to Sevoflurane
Authors: Karam Cynthia , Zeeni Carine , Yazbeck-Karam Vanda , Shebbo Fadia M. , Khalili Amro , Abi Raad Sarah G. , Beresian Jean , Aouad Marie T. , Kaddoum Roland 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
The removal of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA®) in children may be associated with respiratory adverse events. The rate of occurrence of these adverse events may be influenced by the type of anesthesia. Studies comparing total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and sevoflurane are limited with conflicting data whether propofol is associated with a lower incidence of respiratory events upon removal of LMA as compared to induction and maintenance with sevoflurane. We hypothesized that TIVA with propofol is superior to sevoflurane in providing optimal conditions and improved patient’s safety during emergence.

METHODS:
In this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, children aged 6 months to 7 years old were enrolled in 1 of 2 groups: the TIVA group and the sevoflurane group. In both groups, patients were mechanically ventilated. At the end of the procedure, LMAs were removed when patients were physiologically and neurologically recovered to a degree to permit a safe, natural airway. The primary aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of at least 1 respiratory adverse event, the prevalence of individual respiratory adverse events, and the airway hyperreactivity score following emergence from anesthesia between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes included ease of LMA insertion, quality of anesthesia during the maintenance phase, hemodynamic stability, time to LMA removal, and incidence of emergence agitation.

RESULTS:
Children receiving TIVA with propofol had a significantly lower incidence (10.8.% vs 36.2%; relative risk, 0.29; 95% CI [0.14–0.64]; P = .001) and lower severity (P = .01) of respiratory adverse outcomes compared to the patients receiving inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane. There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes between the 2 groups, except for emergence agitation that occurred more frequently in patients receiving sevoflurane (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Propofol induction and maintenance exerted a protective effect on healthy children with minimal risk factors for developing perioperative respiratory complications, as compared to sevoflurane.
Nicolas Malebranche and the Physiocrats' Corporeal Critique of Commerce in 1760s France
Authors: Bryan Joseph D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the eighteenth century the burgeoning field of political economy incorporated an array of economic, social, moral, and historical themes. This article argues that the Physiocrats' application of Nicolas Malebranche's work reveals a critical corporeal component of political economy. The Physiocrats and Malebranche both feared the corrosive effects on the human body of unmitigated commerce and overconsumption. François Quesnay and his Physiocratic acolytes reproduced and expanded on Malebranche's argument that the cognitive faculty of the imagination could stymie epistemological processes and thus the ability to perceive what the Physiocrats understood to be the natural foundations of political economy. The expanse of Atlantic trade, the subsequent “consumer revolution,” and the growth of new social practices transformed French life and brought individual bodies into novel forms of contact. In reaction, the Physiocrats and political economists prioritized relationships between physical bodies and consumer goods.Au XVIIIe siècle, le domaine naissant de l’économie politique a incorporé un éventail de thèmes économiques, sociaux, moraux et historiques. Cet article fera valoir que l'application par les physiocrates de l’œuvre de Nicolas Malebranche révèle une dimension corporelle de l’économie politique qui s'avère essentielle. Les physiocrates et Malebranche craignaient les effets corrosifs sur le corps humain du commerce et de la surconsommation. Quesnay et ses acolytes physiocratiques ont reproduit et élargi l'argument de Malebranche selon lequel la faculté cognitive de l'imagination pouvait entraver les processus épistémologiques et donc la capacité de percevoir ce que les physiocrates considéraient comme les fondements naturels de l’économie politique. L’étendue du commerce atlantique, la « révolution des consommateurs » qui s'en est suivie et la croissance de nouvelles pratiques sociales ont transformé la vie des Français et facilité de nouvelles formes de contact corporel. En réponse, les physiocrates et les économistes politiques ont donné la priorité aux relations entre les corps physiques et les biens de consommation.
American Indians for Saint-Domingue?
Authors: Jansen Jan C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe article examines plans for a military reconquest of Haiti and uses them as a lens to explore broader connections between exile, diplomacy, violence, and geopolitics in the wake of Haiti's independence. It retraces the networks and core elements shaping a plan involving Louis Marie Turreau de Garambouville, infamous veteran of the War in the Vendée and then French ambassador to the United States, as well as refugees from Saint-Domingue and Native Americans. On the one hand, the plan attests to the interconnections of the French and Haitian Revolutions with regard to the circulation of concepts of irregular warfare. On the other hand, the links between a veteran of the Revolutionary Wars, “counterrevolutionary” exiles, and Native Americans serve as a window onto the complex and messy realities of diplomacy in the rapidly shifting and uncertain geopolitical setting of the Americas in the midst of the Age of Revolutions.Cet article étudie des projets de reconquête d'Haïti au milieu des années 1800, les prenant comme point de départ pour explorer les rapports entre exil, diplomatie, violence et géopolitique au lendemain de l'indépendance. Il retrace les réseaux sociaux et les éléments-clefs d'un plan de reconquête impliquant à la fois Turreau de Garambouville, célèbre général de la guerre de la Vendée, puis ambassadeur de France aux Etats-Unis, des réfugiés de Saint-Domingue et des groupes amérindiens. Cette étude de cas permet de démontrer, d'une part, la circulation des concepts de guerre irrégulière entre les révolutions en France et en Haïti ; de l'autre, la mise en évidence des interactions entre un ancien combattant des guerres révolutionnaires, des exilés « contre-révolutionnaires », ainsi que des Amérindiens, permet d'analyser les réalités diplomatiques complexes et des alliances surprenantes dans le contexte géopolitique incertain et changeant des Amériques au milieu de l’ère des révolutions.
Unemployment Insurance and Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States
Authors: Wu Pinghui , Evangelist Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, opioid overdose deaths contributed to the dramatic rise in all-cause mortality among non-Hispanic Whites. To date, efforts among scholars to understand the role of local area labor market conditions on opioid overdose mortality have led to mixed results. We argue the reason for these disparate findings is scholars have not considered the moderating effects of income support policies such as unemployment insurance. The present study leverages two sources of variation—county mass layoffs and changes in the generosity of state unemployment insurance benefits—to investigate if unemployment benefits moderate the relationship between job loss and county opioid overdose death rates. Our difference-in-differences estimation strategy reveals that the harmful effects of job loss on opioid overdose mortality decline with increasing state unemployment insurance benefit levels. These findings suggest that social policy in the form of income transfers played a crucial role in disrupting the link between job loss and opioid overdose mortality.
Myxomatosis and Radioactivity in Carlos Saura’sLa caza(The Hunt, 1966)
Authors: Varela Fernando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe myxoma virus (MYXV) was used in Australia in 1950 to control, albeit temporarily, the overpopulation of the invasive European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A different strand of the virus was released in France two years later, resulting in the drastic decline of European rabbits in the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe. The MYXV’s disease, myxomatosis, is a highly contagious and normally fatal infection in a rabbit species lacking resistance, such as the European rabbit. As myxomatosis was spreading across the European continent, Spain started to invest in nuclear energy. The use of myxomatosis as a bioweapon and the creation of nuclear energy capable of radioactive pollution are also at the core of Spanish filmmaker Carlos Saura’s La caza (The Hunt, 1966). This article argues that The Hunt provides an important examination on extinction and biopolitics at both local and global levels through its portrayal of myxomatosis and radioactivity.
Student Engagement and Environmental Awareness
Authors: Barrón Nancy G. , Gruber Sibylle , Huffman Gavin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article collaboration addresses the importance of contextualizing current climate change discussions in twenty-first-century ecocomposition classrooms. It specifically focuses on the practical significance of what students’ writing and research can accomplish in and outside the classroom, and on how student involvement in the research process can create spaces for new awareness and renewed interest in active engagement with climate change discussions. The article references student projects exhibited at ClimateCon 2020, including one project that focused on Rachel Carson’s ability to persevere despite the many challenges she faced. With ecocomposition as an entry point, the article shows the importance of continued education about the environment and climate change, getting involved with sustainable practices, engaging with environmental awareness campaigns, and, when needed, lobbying for readjusting corporate business practices to include sustainability efforts.