bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial metallicity distribution statistics at ≲100 pc scales in the AMUSING++ nearby galaxy sample
Authors: Li Zefeng , Wisnioski Emily , Mendel J Trevor , Krumholz Mark R , Kewley Lisa J , López-Cobá Carlos , Sánchez Sebastián F , Anderson Joseph P , Galbany Lluís 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We analyse the spatial statistics of the 2D gas-phase oxygen abundance distributions in a sample of 219 local galaxies. We introduce a new adaptive binning technique to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of weak lines, which we use to produce well-filled metallicity maps for these galaxies. We show that the two-point correlation functions computed from the metallicity distributions after removing radial gradients are in most cases well-described by a simple injection–diffusion model. Fitting the data to this model yields the correlation length lcorr, which describes the characteristic interstellar medium (ISM) mixing length-scale. We find typical correlation lengths lcorr ∼ 1 kpc, with a strong correlation between lcorr and stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and effective radius, and a weak correlation with Hubble type. Two galaxies in the sample show significantly larger lcorr, and both prove to be interacting or merging systems. We show that the trend of lcorr with SFR can be reproduced by a simple transport + feedback model of ISM turbulence at high SFR, and plausibly also at low SFR if dwarf galaxy winds have large mass-loading factors. We also report the first measurements of the injection width that describes the initial radii over which supernova remnants deposit metals. Inside this radius the metallicity correlation function is not purely the product of a competition between injection and diffusion. We show that this size scale is generally smaller than 60 pc.
Survey for distant solar twins (SDST) – II. Design, observations, and data
Authors: Liu(刘凡) Fan , Murphy Michael T , Lehmann Christian , Flynn Chris , Smith Daniel , Kos Janez , Berke Daniel A , Martell Sarah L 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Studies of solar twins have key impacts on the astronomical community, but only ∼100–200 nearby solar twins (&lt;1 kpc) have been reliably identified over the last few decades. The aim of our survey (SDST) is to identify ∼150–200 distant solar twins and analogues (up to ≲4 kpc) closer to the Galactic Centre. We took advantage of the precise Gaia and Skymapper surveys to select Sun-like candidates in a 2-deg field, which were observed with the HERMES spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We successfully built up the required signal-to-noise ratio (25-per-pixel in the HERMES red band) for most targets as faint as Gaia G of 17.4 mag. The stellar photometric/astrometric parameters (e.g. Teff, log g, mass) of our candidates are derived in this paper, while the spectroscopic parameters will be presented in the third paper in this SDST series. The selection success rate – the fraction of targets which belong to solar twins or analogues – was estimated from simulated survey data and the Besançon stellar population model, and compared with the actual success rate of the survey. We find that expected and actual success rates agree well, indicating that the numbers of solar twins and analogues we discover in SDST are consistent with expectations, affirming the survey approach. These distant solar analogues are prime targets for testing for any variation in the strength of electromagnetism in regions of higher dark matter density, and can make additional contributions to our understanding of, e.g. Galactic chemical evolution in the inner Milky Way.
Population properties and multimessenger prospects of neutron star–black hole mergers following GWTC-3
Authors: Biscoveanu Sylvia , Landry Philippe , Vitale Salvatore 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers detected in gravitational waves have the potential to shed light on supernova physics, the dense matter equation of state, and the astrophysical processes that power their potential electromagnetic counterparts. We use the population of four candidate NSBH events detected in gravitational waves so far with a false alarm rate ≤1 yr−1 to constrain the mass and spin distributions and multimessenger prospects of these systems. We find that the black holes in NSBHs are both less massive and have smaller dimensionless spins than those in black hole binaries. We also find evidence for a mass gap between the most massive neutron stars and least massive black holes in NSBHs at 98.6-per cent credibility. Using an approach driven by gravitational-wave data rather than binary simulations, we find that fewer than 14 per cent of NSBH mergers detectable in gravitational waves will have an electromagnetic counterpart. While the inferred presence of a mass gap and fraction of sources with a counterpart depend on the event selection and prior knowledge of source classification, the conclusion that the black holes in NSBHs have lower masses and smaller spin parameters than those in black hole binaries is robust. Finally, we propose a method for the multimessenger analysis of NSBH mergers based on the non-detection of an electromagnetic counterpart and conclude that, even in the most optimistic case, the constraints on the neutron star equation of state that can be obtained with multimessenger NSBH detections are not competitive with those from gravitational-wave measurements of tides in binary neutron star mergers and radio and X-ray pulsar observations.
A quantum-mechanical investigation of O(3P) + CO scattering cross sections at superthermal collision energies
Authors: Kumar Sanchit , Gacesa Marko , Khalil Malathe S , Al Ghaferi Amal , El-Kork Nayla 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The kinetics and energetic relaxation associated with collisions between fast and thermal atoms are of fundamental interest for escape and therefore also for the evolution of the Mars atmosphere. The total and differential cross sections of fast O(3P) atom collisions with CO have been calculated from quantum mechanical calculations. The cross sections are computed at collision energies from 0.4 to 5 eV in the centre-of-mass frame relevant to the planetary science and astrophysics. All the three potential energy surfaces (3A′, 3A″, and 2 3A″ symmetry) of O(3P) + CO collisions separating to the atomic ground state have been included in calculations of cross sections. The cross sections are computed for all three isotopes of energetic O(3P) atoms collisions with CO. The isotope dependence of the cross sections are compared. Our newly calculated data on the energy relaxation of O atoms and their isotopes with CO molecules will be very useful to improve the modelling of escape and energy transfer processes in the Mars’ upper atmosphere.
A second type of N7-guanine RNA cap methyltransferase in an unusual locus of a large RNA virus genome
Authors: Shannon Ashleigh , Sama Bhawna , Gauffre Pierre , Guez Théo , Debart Françoise , Vasseur Jean-Jacques , Decroly Etienne , Canard Bruno , Ferron François 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The order Nidovirales is a diverse group of (+)RNA viruses, with a common genome organization and conserved set of replicative and editing enzymes. In particular, RNA methyltransferases play a central role in mRNA stability and immune escape. However, their presence and distribution in different Nidovirales families is not homogeneous. In Coronaviridae, the best characterized family, two distinct methytransferases perform methylation of the N7-guanine and 2′-OH of the RNA-cap to generate a cap-1 structure (m7GpppNm). The genes of both of these enzymes are located in the ORF1b genomic region. While 2′-O-MTases can be identified for most other families based on conservation of both sequence motifs and genetic loci, identification of the N7-guanine methyltransferase has proved more challenging. Recently, we identified a putative N7-MTase domain in the ORF1a region (N7-MT-1a) of certain members of the large genome Tobaniviridae family. Here, we demonstrate that this domain indeed harbors N7-specific methyltransferase activity. We present its structure as the first N7-specific Rossmann-fold (RF) MTase identified for (+)RNA viruses, making it remarkably different from that of the known Coronaviridae ORF1b N7-MTase gene. We discuss the evolutionary implications of such an appearance in this unexpected location in the genome, which introduces a split-off in the classification of Tobaniviridae.
AnimalTFDB 4.0: a comprehensive animal transcription factor database updated with variation and expression annotations
Authors: Shen Wen-Kang , Chen Si-Yi , Gan Zi-Quan , Zhang Yu-Zhu , Yue Tao , Chen Miao-Miao , Xue Yu , Hu Hui , Guo An-Yuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that interact with specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression and play crucial roles in all kinds of biological processes. To keep up with new data and provide a more comprehensive resource for TF research, we updated the Animal Transcription Factor Database (AnimalTFDB) to version 4.0 (http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/AnimalTFDB4/) with up-to-date data and functions. We refined the TF family rules and prediction pipeline to predict TFs in genome-wide protein sequences from Ensembl. As a result, we predicted 274 633 TF genes and 150 726 transcription cofactor genes in AnimalTFDB 4.0 in 183 animal genomes, which are 86 more species than AnimalTFDB 3.0. Besides double data volume, we also added the following new annotations and functions to the database: (i) variations (including mutations) on TF genes in various human cancers and other diseases; (ii) predicted post-translational modification sites (including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination sites) on TFs in 8 species; (iii) TF regulation in autophagy; (iv) comprehensive TF expression annotation for 38 species; (v) exact and batch search functions allow users to search AnimalTFDB flexibly. AnimalTFDB 4.0 is a useful resource for studying TF and transcription regulation, which contains comprehensive annotation and classification of TFs and transcription cofactors.
Comparative orotomy of the Archean Superior and Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic systems
Authors: Kusky Timothy M , Celâl Şengör A M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe compare and contrast the materials and mechanisms of continental crustal growth in the largest preserved regions of Phanerozoic and Archean juvenile additions to the crust, to test for similarities or differences in the formation of continents through time. We accomplish this through a comparison of map patterns, lithological contents, and structural and metamorphic evolution of the Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic system of Asia, with the Archean Superior Province of the North American Craton, using a method termed comparative orotomy. Both orogenic systems consist of collages of curvilinear belts of eroded arcs, some older continental slivers, and vast tracts of former subduction/accretionary complexes. These contain numerous shreds of portions of the ophiolite suite, slivers of island and continental arcs, and accreted oceanic plateau, all intruded by multiple magmatic suites during or between multiple deformation events, then sliced by large transcurrent fault systems and bent into large oroclinal structures. We make this comparison because the Superior Province is a typical Archean craton that was later, in the Paleoproterozoic, incorporated into the larger North American Craton, and has occupied a central position in several supercontinents (e.g. Kenorland and Nuna, which then formed the core of Columbia, Rodinia, Laurentia and Pangea) during its longevity. Since it is the largest single fragment of Archean continental cratonic lithosphere preserved on Earth, the Superior Province is widely regarded as a testing ground for how Earth's continental crust was formed. Likewise, the Altaids encompass the largest region of crustal growth for the Phanerozoic. Our comparison with the Altaids is needed, as in recent years many myths about how the planet may have responded to higher heat production and flow in the Archean have emerged, because of trends in the science where regional geology is ignored in favor of numerical models, isotopic proxies for assumed models of chemical behavior for crust-forming or tectonic processes, or comparisons with other-worldly bodies that bear little resemblance to our hydrous Earth. Thus, we return to the geological record, and here describe the map patterns, lithological associations, structural patterns and evolution of both the Altaids and Superior Province, showing how comparative tectonics, orotomy, is useful in the absence of meaningful paleomagnetic or biostratigraphic data. We pay particular attention to the style of preservation of disaggregated members of the ophiolite suite (ophirags) and their relationships with other tectonic units, and to the widespread but largely overlooked role of late-stage major transcurrent motions and structural slicing of both Archean and Phanerozoic orogenic systems in defining the present-day architecture of both orogenic systems.
An Analysis of Arguments Advanced via Twitter in an Advocacy Campaign to Promote Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Authors: Lee Ell , Hoek Janet , Fenton Elizabeth , Joshi Ayush , Evans-Reeves Karen , Robertson Lindsay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Advocates of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) increasingly use Twitter to promote liberal ENDS policies. “World Vape Day” (WVD) is an annual campaign organized by pro-ENDS advocacy groups, some of which have links to the nicotine industry (eg, via funding from the “Foundation for a Smoke-Free World”). In 2020, the campaign used dedicated social media accounts to disseminate WVD-branded images and campaign messages. We examined tweets posted as part of WVD 2020 to identify and analyze pro-ENDS policy arguments.

Aims and Methods
We extracted tweets posted between 26 May and 3 June 2020 that included the hashtag #WorldVapeDay. We used qualitative thematic analysis to code a random sample (n = 2200) of approximately half the original English language tweets (n = 4387) and used descriptive analysis to identify the most frequently used co-hashtags.

Results
Arguments related to four themes: harm reduction, smoking cessation, rights and justice, and opposition to ENDS restrictions. Tweets criticized individuals and groups perceived as opposing liberal ENDS regulation, and used personal testimonials to frame ENDS as a harm reduction tool and life-saving smoking cessation aid. Tweets also advanced rights-based arguments, such as privileging adults’ rights over children’s rights, and calling for greater recognition of consumers’ voices. Tweets frequently used hashtags associated with the WHO and World No Tobacco Day (WNTD).

Conclusions
The WVD campaign presented a series of linked pro-ENDS arguments seemingly aimed at policy-makers, and strategically integrated with the WHO’s WNTD campaign. Critically assessing pro-ENDS arguments and the campaigns used to promote these is vital to helping policy actors develop proportionate ENDS policy.

Implications
Social media platforms have considerable potential to influence policy actors. Tweets are easily generated and duplicated, creating an impression of sizeable and influential stakeholders. Evidence that the “World Vape Day” campaign was supported by groups with industry links, and targeted—at least in part—at WHO officials and those who follow the WHO World No Tobacco Day campaign, highlights the importance of critically reviewing such campaigns. Further research could examine how health advocates could engage in pro-ENDS campaigns to support balanced messaging and informed policy-making.
Policing and crime: dynamic panel evidence from California
Authors: Lovett Nicholas , Welsch David M , Xue Yuhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe exploit police and crime data from California over 26 years to construct a dynamic panel, which is then estimated using Arellano–Bover/Blundell–Bond techniques to address concerns about simultaneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and inertial effects in the policing-crime relationship. We find no evidence that increases in police staffing lead to meaningful reductions in crime through either deterrence or incapacitation. Estimates are not wholly supportive of a compelling relationship between prior criminal offending and current police staffing; providing suggestive evidence that, at least within our sample, simultaneity bias may be more modest in nature than has been previously supposed in prior studies.
23 Assessing the effects of introducing prophylactic hydrocortisone in extremely low gestational age infants in a tertiary Canadian NICU
Authors: De Souza Marisa , Melika Raymond , Thébaud Bernard , Barrowman Nick , Tsampalieros Anne , Lemyre Brigitte 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth. A large trial and a meta-analysis support the early use of physiologic doses of hydrocortisone to reduce the incidence of death or moderate/severe BPD. In 2019, this practice was introduced for all preterm infants &lt;28 weeks gestational age (GA) at our university-affiliated tertiary care NICU.

Objectives
To determine the effect of prophylactic hydrocortisone on the incidence of survival with mild or no BPD in neonates born &lt;28 weeks GA. Secondary objectives were to compare safety outcomes related to prophylactic hydrocortisone use: late onset sepsis, gastrointestinal perforation, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and use of postnatal dexamethasone.

Design/Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born &lt;28 weeks GA admitted to our NICU during 2 epochs, before and after the implementation of prophylactic hydrocortisone. The primary objective was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for GA. Safety outcomes were compared using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.

Results
Epoch 1 included 76 infants and epoch 2 included 71 infants, of whom 63 (88.7%) received prophylactic hydrocortisone. Infants in the two epochs were similar in terms of median (IQR) GA 26.5 (25.0, 27.2) vs 26.7 (25.1, 27.1) weeks GA, mean (SD) weight at admission (882g +/- 212 vs 841g +/- 176), APGAR at 5 minutes, use of antenatal steroids and/or surfactant, and need for intubation at delivery (all p&gt;0.5). Three infants were transferred to another hospital and their BPD status could not be determined. Adjusting for GA, there was a statistically non-significant signal for increased survival with mild or no BPD in epoch 2 (adjusted odds ratio 1.68, 95% CI 0.80, 3.59, p= 0.17) compared to epoch 1. The two epochs had similar incidence of late onset sepsis, gastrointestinal perforation and need for postnatal dexamethasone, however, in epoch 2, fewer infants developed grade 3/4 IVH on head ultrasound within the first two weeks of life (7/71, 9.9%) compared to epoch 1 (21/76, 27.6%, p= 0.01).

Conclusion
Prophylactic hydrocortisone may be associated with increased survival with mild or no BPD. Safety outcomes in both epochs were similar, but with a significantly decreased incidence of grade 3/4 IVH in the prophylactic hydrocortisone group. Larger cohort studies are required before a clear recommendation for prophylactic hydrocortisone can be made.
70 Mental Health in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of a North American Tertiary Care Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Harel Dana Singer , Perera Niranjala , Ratnapalan Savithiri 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique distressing period of experience to the public with strict physical, social and economic restrictions. Moreover, the impact of this experience on children with school closures, online education and social isolation may have a profound psychosocial impact.

Objectives
The objective was to evaluate and characterize the changes in mental health issues in children presenting to a large tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of all children who presented with any mental health related diagnosis according to the ICD-10 classification from March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020, and during pandemic periods (March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). Data on presentation, diagnosis and outcome were extracted and compared using Chi square test and z tests as appropriate.

Results
Our centre experienced a 39% reduction (57,522 visits vs. 35,485 visits) in all ED visits but a significant increase (p=0.002) in mental health issues during the pandemic period of 5.22% compared to 4.88% during the previous year (2811/57522 visits vs. 1959/35485). Among 1,959 children presenting to ED during the pandemic, the majority (53%) were female children compared to a male predominance of 55% before the pandemic. The highest peak of visits was observed in the 14 to 16 years age group, irrespective of gender and pre/pandemic periods. The category that included “eating disorders” showed a distinct rise of 46% (p&lt;0.001) during the pandemic period. Two categories “Intentional Self-Harm” and “External Causes of Morbidity with Undetermined Intention” did not show any difference, while “Disorders of psychological development” had a significantly low 46.5% (P&lt;0.001) presentation during pandemic period. There wasn’t an increase in presentation of depression and anxiety to ED during COVID-19. However, admissions were significantly high (p&lt;0.001) during the pandemic 46.5% compared to the pre-pandemic (41.6%) period.

Conclusion
During the pandemic, the percentage of visits related to mental health diagnoses in children increased significantly although the overall ED visits for all patients declined. As COVID-19 is expected to stay with us for the foreseeable future, we hope that this research will provide health care workers with the knowledge and understanding to optimize their approach to children at the ED.
A conserved protein disulfide isomerase enhances plant resistance against herbivores
Authors: Cui Jia-Rong , Bing Xiao-Li , Tang Yi-Jing , Liu Fan , Ren Lu , Zhou Jia-Yi , Liu Huan-Huan , Wang Meng-Ke , Hoffmann Ary A , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) enable plants to recognize herbivores and may help plants adjust their defense responses. Here, we report on herbivore-induced changes in a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) widely distributed across arthropods. PDI from the spider mite Tetranychus evansi (TePDI), a mesophyll-feeding agricultural pest worldwide, triggered immunity in multiple Solanaceae plants. TePDI-mediated cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana required the plant signaling proteins SGT1 (suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1) and HSP90 (heat shock protein 90), but was suppressed by spider mite effectors Te28 and Te84. Moreover, PDIs from phylogenetically distinct herbivorous and nonherbivorous arthropods triggered plant immunity. Finally, although PDI-induced plant defenses impaired the performance of spider mites on plants, RNAi experiments revealed that PDI genes are essential for the survival of mites and whiteflies. Our findings indicate that plants recognize evolutionarily conserved HAMPs to activate plant defense and resist pest damage, pointing to opportunities for broad-spectrum pest management.