bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eustachian Tube Characteristics in Patients With Turner Syndrome: A CT‐Based Radiological Analysis
Authors: Huang Yan , Liang Liyang , Zhang Lina , Liu Wei , Guo Jia , Zhang Zhigang , Si Yu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with Turner syndrome (TS) commonly experience acute otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Comparison of the anatomical features of the Eustachian tube (ET) between TS patients and age‐matched controls may provide insights into the high prevalence of ETD in TS.MethodsThis study compared the ET angle, length, and diameters of the bone segment, bone–cartilage (BC) junction, and pharyngeal opening between TS patients and control children. A subgroup analysis was also conducted to explore potential risk factors for ETD in TS patients.ResultsThe ET angle in the TS group was significantly smaller (31.57°; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 30.05–33.09) compared with the control group (33.72°; 95% CI: 32.68–34.75; p = 0.019). No significant difference in ET length was observed between the two groups. However, the TS group exhibited significantly narrower diameters at the bony segment of the ET (0.30 cm; 95% CI: 0.29–0.32; p = 0.001), the BC junction (0.15 cm; 95% CI: 0.13–0.16; p = 0.001), and the pharyngeal orifice (0.14 cm; 95% CI: 0.13–0.16; p = 0.001) compared with the control group. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between ET length and angle in the control group, whereas a non‐significant negative correlation was observed in the TS group. In patients with TS, ET angles < 33.25°, bone segment diameters < 0.355 cm, and pharyngeal diameters < 0.15 cm were significantly associated with an increased risk of ETD.ConclusionA more horizontal ET angle, along with narrower diameters at various ET segments, may contribute to the development of ETD in patients with TS. Consequently, heightened vigilance in monitoring hearing and early intervention strategies is recommended for children with TS (https://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR2300068063).Level of Evidence3.
Severity, Age, Sex, Sleep, Anxiety, and Their Correlation Analysis of 1739 Tinnitus Patients
Authors: Li Sha , Liu Zhiqing , Xu Xianpeng , Wu Chuanyu , Li Jiongke , Guo Tao , Xie Hui , Xiong Dajing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo prevent and reduce the incidence of tinnitus and to relieve the suffering of those with existing tinnitus.Study DesignA study was conducted using a questionnaire.SettingLarge number of patients come to ENT because tinnitus is seriously affecting their lives, and we found that these patients have some common factors that influence the development of this condition.MethodThis study was reviewed by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Grant No. 2022KL‐075. The investigation was conducted on patients with tinnitus as the main complaint who visited the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2020 to September 2023, to obtain basic information, tinnitus related information, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) of the patients. And conduct correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis on the severity with age, sex, PSQI, SAS of tinnitus patients.ResultA total of 1739 patients participated in the survey, with the majority being females, with an average age of 46.21 ± 16.08 years old. Majority of patients had tinnitus in both ears. The severity is related to sex, anxiety, and sleep of tinnitus patients (p = 0.000). Age (OR = 0.978, 95% CI: 0.971~0.985), sleep quality (OR = 1.229, 95% CI: 1.179~1.279), and anxiety (OR = 1.065, 95% CI: 1.040~1.090) are factors that affect the severity of tinnitus patients.ConclusionAge, anxiety, and sleep status are the main risk factors for the severity of tinnitus patients.
Metasurface‐generated Spin‐multiplexed & Grafted Perfect Vector Vortex Beams for High‐dimensional Optical Information Encryption
Authors: Fang Yao , Hao Han , Wang Qingsong , Jin Jinjin , Meng Yu , Shen Li , Li Xiong , Zhou Rui , Luo Xiangang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIncreasing the number of optical information encryption (OIE) layers can exponentially enhance its security, which requires introducing additional degrees of freedom (DoFs) for light. However, traditional OIE systems encounter challenges due to exponential increases in volume and mass with the expansion of modulation DoFs, thereby retarding the development of integrated high‐security OIE. Here, a high‐dimensional dual‐layer OIE (DLOIE) strategy is proposed and experimentally established by utilizing a novel metasurface‐generated beam, termed spin‐multiplexed and grafted perfect vector vortex beam (MGPVVB). MGPVVB is generated by superposing grafted perfect vortex beams with programmable combinations of topological charges (CTCs) across two orthogonally circularly polarized states. As a key factor for DLOIE, MGPVVB introduces a new DoF called CTCs which can be customized within the same polarization order (PO). The metasurface is well‐suited for generating MGPVVBs over a wide bandwidth (450–1064 nm). MGPVVBs of all polarization states on the Poincaré sphere are generated. More importantly, DLOIE is achieved through an MGPVVB array. For DLOIE, information (true and false) encoding is based on PO and ellipticity, while verification of authenticity is governed by distinctive CTCs. This advancement enhances the security of OIE, and shows great value for applications in optical storage, optical communications, and quantum information processing.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Semi‐Autologous Fibrin Sealant for Surgical Applications
Authors: Elbaz Uri , Berliner Ori , Tabo Shavit , Yeshayahu Shani , Kesner Reut , Cohen‐Gerassi Dana , Adler‐Abramovich Lihi , Halperin‐Sternfeld Michal , Aviv Moran 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSurgical success relies on precise tissue approximation using sutures, clips, or staples. Fibrin sealant provides a user‐friendly alternative, saving time and maintaining tissue integrity. Yet, its cost and potential bioburden risk are notable drawbacks. To address these concerns, a semi‐autologous fibrin sealant is produced from human cryoprecipitate and compared it to a commercial fibrin sealant. The microstructure of the semi‐autologous sealant closely resembles the commercial one. Initially, the commercial sealant has superior bonding strength, however, over time, both demonstrate strong adhesive properties. Moreover, when the two sealants contain equivalent fibrinogen concentrations, they show similar bonding strength and rheological properties, including thixotropic behavior, which is essential for their application as bioadhesives. Notably, it is discovered that the mechanical properties of the adhesive are mainly governed by the fibrinogen concentration, with minimal impact of other blood components. This understanding paves the way for the development of an efficient method to boost fibrinogen in blood without extensive separation. This study indicates semi‐autologous fibrin glue matches commercial sealant in adhesive properties. This may offer several advantages, such as reduced bioburden, costs, improved immunomodulation, and reduced hypersensitivity and virus transmission risks. These findings hold promising prospects for enhancing the wound healing process in various medical conditions.
Modafinil Synthesis Using an Eosin Y‐photocatalytic Gel Formed by Autocatalyzed Thiol‐Ene Crosslinking
Authors: Schmitt Timothy , Pester Christian W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUtilizing visible wavelength photons to drive chemical transformations in photocatalysis has become increasingly popular due to the promise of sustainability, safety, and modularity. Heterogeneous photocatalysis further allows for simplified separation and reuse of photocatalysts from reaction systems. Described herein is a proof‐of‐concept for a heterogeneous catalysis platform based on an Eosin Y photocatalyst network (EY‐gel) formed by an autocatalyzed thiol‐ene crosslinking reaction. The Eosin Y photocatalyst is modified with an acrylate handle, allowing for both catalysis of and participation in the thiol‐ene crosslinking reaction, thus incorporating the catalyst into the gel framework. The produced EY‐gel takes the form of micron‐sized spherical particles due to the use of a relative non‐solvent for the gel components during the crosslinking reaction, allowing for collection through simple filtration. The EY‐gel is shown to be effective for the synthesis of the narcolepsy drug Modafinil via the oxidation of 2‐[(diphenylmethyl)thio]acetamide, and also shows modest recyclability over multiple use cycles.
Eucommia Ulmoides Gum Soft‐Hard Gradient Composite Materials with Shape Memory Property
Authors: Wang Furao , Lin Jinjian , Liao Tao , Bao Kexu , Fu Rongzhen , Zhao Ruifeng , Zhang Jichuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEucommia Ulmoides gum (EUG) is a natural polymer material with unique “rubber‐plastic duality” and good shape memory properties. In this paper, the hardness of EUG is greatly reduced by adjusting the cross‐linking density and adding physical microspheres for foaming. The results show that the more sulfur and foamed microspheres are used, the lower the hardness of EUG, the greater the deformation of the material, and the smaller the penetration force. By adjusting the amount of foaming agent, a series of lightweight and high‐toughness foamed EUG can be obtained. The EUG, natural rubber (NR) and foamed EUG are prepared into a hardness gradient composite material with a shape memory characteristic through a co‐vulcanization process, according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and 180° peel test results, the three rubber materials has good binding force without the help of adhesive. Each unit of thickness of the composite material can reduce the external impact force by up to 11.6%. In addition, under heating conditions, it only takes 30 s for the crystalline EUG to return to its original shape. The prepared soft‐hard gradient sports composite material has a high reduction of external impact force per unit thickness, showing an excellent impact protection effect.
Catalase‐Encapsulated Nanoparticles via Surface Radical Polymerization for Periodontitis Therapy
Authors: Yan Tongtong , Li Xiang , Sun Shiqun , Luo Yuchao , Shi Haotian , Yang Nan , Ren Xue , Tian Wenjing , Liu Zhihui , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPeriodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by oxidative stress and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Despite existing treatments, the management of periodontitis remains challenging due to inadequate control of inflammation and poor tissue regeneration. In this study, a novel therapeutic strategy is developed by encapsulating catalase (CAT) within polyacrylamide (PAAM)‐based nanoparticles (CAT NPs) through surface radical polymerization to enhance its stability and efficacy in the inflammatory environment of periodontal tissues. The PAAM polymer shell serves as a protective barrier to isolate CAT from interactions with proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory mediators in the periodontal microenvironment, thereby preventing structural denaturation and enhancing enzymatic stability. This approach targets the reduction of ROS levels and the modulation of the Nrf‐2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway, key mediators in oxidative stress responses. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that CAT NPs significantly alleviate oxidative stress, reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Compared to conventional treatments, CAT NPs exhibit superior therapeutic outcomes, offering a promising and long‐lasting solution for the treatment of periodontitis. This innovative strategy provides new avenues for the development of more effective periodontitis therapies.
Fabrication of Biaxially Aligned Nanofibers via Insulating Block‐Assisted Electrospinning and Their Applications
Authors: Shirke Yogita M. , Kang Dae Hwan , Kim Kwang Won , Hwang Byungil , Doh Song Jun , Yoon Ki Ro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrospinning is a well‐established and widely adopted process for producing fine and continuous nanofiber networks. Electrospun nanofibers have gained significant attention owing to their advantages, including nanoscale fiber uniformity, tunable pore size with bimodal distribution, and versatility in integrating various inorganic and organic compositions. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to align nanofibers and enhance their functionality with improved mechanical properties, faster charge transport, and more efficient mass transport in well‐organized spatial structures. This mini‐review highlights the fabrication of precisely aligned nanofibers using insulating block‐assisted electrospinning. By manipulating the electric field between the nozzle and substrate, combined with a moving substrate, insulating block‐assisted electrospinning enables the biaxial alignment of the nanofibers. This review discusses recent advancements in insulating block‐assisted alignment techniques and explores the applications of these aligned nanofibers in the environmental and energy fields, including air filtration media, lithium‐ion battery electrodes, hybrid gel polymer electrolytes for aqueous batteries, and reinforced composite membranes for fuel cells. In addition, the perspectives associated with the extension of insulating block‐driven aligned nanofiber applications to a wide range of fields and industries is summarized.
Advances in Π‐Conjugated Benzothiazole and Benzoxazole‐Boron Complexes: Exploring Optical and Biomaterial Applications
Authors: Barłóg Maciej , Podiyanachari Santhosh Kumar , Bazzi Hassan S. , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis mini‐review highlights the transformative potential of benzothiazole (BTz)‐ and benzoxazole (BOz)‐based boron‐complexed dyes. It represents an innovative evolution of the classic boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) structure, which is well established for its superior photophysical properties. Incorporating BTz‐ or BOz‐ligands into the borane (‐BR2) component, originates more electron‐deficient architecture, enabling novel modes of complexation and addressing limitations such as spectral overlap and self‐quenching in traditional BODIPY dyes. The review focuses on the remarkable versatility of boron‐benzothiazole (BOBTz)‐ and boron‐benzoxazole (BOBOz)‐based complexes, particularly in three rapidly advancing fields: organic light emitting diode (LED) technology, bioimaging, and mechanochromic luminescence (MCL). Over the past 15 years, these complexes have demonstrated exceptional adaptability, showcasing enhanced properties like high fluorescence quantum yields, large molar extinction coefficients, and tunable emissions across visible and near‐infrared spectra. The insights described in this review highlight the major role of BOBTz‐ and BOBOz‐complexes in shaping innovative, and sustainable advanced materials while addressing emerging challenges in modern materials science. Besides, the refining of both BOBTz‐ and BOBOz‐complexes offers exciting prospects for technological challenges such as energy‐efficient lighting, non‐invasive imaging, and creating stimuli‐responsive materials for next‐generation sensors. Moreover, the environmental sustainability of these materials, including green synthesis approaches and recyclable components represents an important frontier for future exploration.
In Situ Synthesis of Chemically Stable Hybrid Co‐Networks of Poly(thioctic Acid) with Fe3+ via Controlled/Living Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Li Ang , Li Jia‐Le , Zhang Jin‐Meng , Ma Jing‐Yi , Wu Yi‐Xian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe novel chemically stable hybrid co‐networks (PTA‐Fe) of poly(thioctic acid) coordinated with molar content (CFe) of 1%∼12% Fe3+ generated from [FeCl4·POH]− can be in situ synthesized via controlled/living cationic ring‐opening polymerization of α‐thioctic acid (TA) with tert‐butyl chloride(BCl)/FeCl3/isopropanol(POH) initiating system at 0 °C. The polymerizations are all in first order with respect to monomer, initiator and co‐initiator. The resulting PTAs with desired molecular weights and relatively narrow unimodal molecular weight distribution can be obtained via quantitative initiation by changing [BCl]0. The livingness of polymerization without chain transfer and termination is confirmed from the linear relationship between molecular weights of the resulting PTAs and polymer yields and the unchanged average polymer chains during polymerization process by Incremental Monomer Addition and All Monomer In techniques. The possible mechanism of the above polymerization is proposed. Interestingly, it is found that the PTA‐Fe hybrids can behave chemically stable during storage at room temperature for 24 months when CFe ≥ 6.9%. To the best of the knowledge, it is the first example of in situ green synthesis of PTA‐Fe hybrid co‐networks with excellent chemical stability. The PTA‐Fe hybrids would have potential application in the field of elastomer, adhesive and self‐healing materials.
Discovery of New HER2 Inhibitors via Computational Docking, Pharmacophore Modeling, and Machine Learning
Authors: Matrouk Aseel Yasin , Mohammad Haneen , Daoud Safa , Taha Mutasem Omar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical oncogene implicated in the development of various aggressive cancers, particularly breast cancer. Discovering novel HER2 inhibitors is crucial for expanding therapeutic options for HER2‐related malignancies. In this study, we present a computational workflow that focuses on generating pharmacophores derived from docked poses of a selected list of 15 diverse, potent HER2 inhibitors, utilizing flexible docking. The resulting pharmacophores, along with other physicochemical molecular descriptors, were then evaluated in a machine learning‐quantitative structure‐activity relationship (ML‐QSAR) analysis against 1,272 HER2 inhibitors. Several machine learning methods were assessed, and a genetic function algorithm (GFA) was employed for feature selection. Ultimately, GFA combined with Bagging and J48Graft classifiers produced the best self‐consistent and predictive models. These models highlighted the significance of two pharmacophores, Hypo_1 and Hypo_2, in distinguishing potent from less active inhibitors. The successful ML‐QSAR models and their associated pharmacophores were used to screen the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database for novel HER2 inhibitors. Three promising anti‐HER2 leads were identified, with the top‐performing lead demonstrating an experimental anti‐HER2 IC50 value of 3.85 μM. Notably, the three inhibitors exhibited distinct chemical scaffolds compared to existing HER2 inhibitors, as indicated by principal component analysis.
Dynamics of Bioconvection on Darcy–Forchheimer Flow of Electromagnetic Reiner–Philippoff Nanofluid With Characteristics of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Activation Energy
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Saidani Taoufik , Alsaydi Hanan Ahmad , Abdallah Suhad Ali Osman , Alhushaybari Abdullah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a numerical study of the intricate effects of bioconvection on Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid over a porous stretching sheet. Thermal radiation involving heat transfer finds widespread applications in fields such as power station engineering, groundwater reservoirs, thermal stratification in natural bodies of water, and atmospheric and oceanic density stratification, as well as in various manufacturing processes. The study also takes into account the characteristics of heat and mass transfer. These governing equations involving Brownian motion, heat source, and magnetic field are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity approach and solved numerically with Mathematica and Matlab. The paper presents graphical representations of dimensionless velocity, energy, volumetric concentration, and density profiles for various parameter values. It is noted that the velocity profile is diminished for increase in value of porosity parameter , buoyancy ratio parameter , and Rayleigh number but shows opposite behavior for increasing value of Philippoff parameter . Temperature distribution improved for the growing value of temperature ratio and the nonlinear thermal radiation . For increasing the value of Brownian motion , the concentration profile declined, and the opposite behavior is noted for the growing value of . These findings are in good agreement with previously published research. Furthermore, a higher Hartmann number corresponds to an increased coefficient of friction.
Quantifying photon counting detector (PCD) performance using PCD‐CT images
Authors: Zhan Linying , Chen Guang‐Hong , Li Ke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPhoton counting detector CTs (PCD‐CTs) have recently been introduced to clinical imaging. This development creates a new need for end‐users to quantify and monitor the physical performance of PCDs. Traditionally, the characterization of PCD performance relied on detector counts, which are typically accessible to the manufacturer but are not usually available to clinical end‐users.PurposeThe goal of this work was to develop a new method for quantifying PCD performance using reconstructed PCD‐CT images, without requiring access to the PCD counts.MethodsThe proposed method is based on a set of closed‐form relationships that connect PCD‐CT image noise, the PCD deadtime (), and the zero‐frequency detective quantum efficiency () of PCDs. At a low tube current (mA) level, the mean output counts of the PCD were estimated by fitting the measured PCD‐CT noise power spectrum (NPS) to a parametric model. was then calculated by normalizing the estimated mean detector counts to the expected input x‐ray photon number. To estimate , the image variance of PCD‐CT was measured at different mA levels. A novel quantitative relationship between PCD‐CT image variance, , and mA was employed to estimate through parametric fitting. The method was validated using both simulated and experimental PCD‐CT data, covering a range of , , and system geometries.ResultsFor the simulated curved‐detector PCD‐CT, the estimation errors for and deadtime were −3.7% and 0.5%, respectively. For the simulated collinear‐detector PCD‐CT, the estimation errors for and deadtime were −3.3% and −1.0%, respectively. For the experimental collinear‐detector PCD‐CT, the estimation errors for and deadtime were −2.6% and 1.6%, respectively.ConclusionsBy analyzing the variance and NPS of PCD‐CT images, and deadtime of scanner's PCD can be accurately estimated, without access to raw detector counts or projection data.