bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation can assist gene flow on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Daly Jonathan , Hobbs Rebecca J. , Zuchowicz Nikolas , O’Brien Justine K. , Bouwmeester Jessica , Bay Line , Quigley Kate , Hagedorn Mary 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaintaining genetic diversity and biodiversity is key to sustaining healthy ecosystems and their capacity for adaptation. Assisted Gene Flow (AGF) is a management approach to translocate adaptive genes among populations to restore faltering and at-risk habitats, especially on coral reefs. Cryopreserved sperm can facilitate AGF via selective breeding at a lower cost and with fewer risks than sourcing colonies from the wild or moving adult corals (translocation) . Here, we present a proof-of-concept study demonstrating that cryopreserved sperm from northern and central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) locations can be used to make intrapopulation and interpopulation crosses to underpin AGF. The results of this study support the importance of assessing the concentration of motile sperm in post-thaw samples, with a minimum of approximately 30,000 motile cryopreserved sperm per egg required to achieve fertilisation. Mean per cent motility values post-collection and without artificial activation (northern colonies 14 ± 3.2%; central colonies 19 ± 3.6%) were considerably lower than previous observations of sperm from Acropora tenuis on the Great Barrier Reef, and may represent a lag effect from recent ocean warming events at the level of coral populations. Coral reefs with relatively high species and genetic diversity and coral cover are good places to preserve biodiversity through cryopreservation. Such cryo-collections build a genetic resource to optimise strategies available to reef managers to support natural recovery rates and reef restoration and adaptation efforts.
The role of predators in coral disease dynamics
Authors: Renzi Julianna J. , Shaver Elizabeth C. , Burkepile Deron E. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoral disease is becoming increasingly problematic on reefs worldwide. However, most coral disease research has focused on the abiotic drivers of disease, potentially overlooking the role of species interactions in disease dynamics. Coral predators in particular can influence disease by breaking through protective tissues and exposing corals to infections, vectoring diseases among corals, or serving as reservoirs for pathogens. Numerous studies have demonstrated the relationship between corallivores and disease in certain contexts, but to date there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the relationships between corallivores and disease, which hinders our understanding of coral disease dynamics. To address this void, we identified 65 studies from 26 different ecoregions that examine this predator–prey-disease relationship. Observational studies found over 20 positive correlations between disease prevalence and corallivore abundance, with just four instances documenting a negative correlation between corallivores and disease. Studies found putative pathogens in corallivore guts and experiments demonstrated the ability of corallivores to vector pathogens. Corallivores were also frequently found infesting disease margins or targeting diseased tissues, but the ecological ramifications of this behavior remains unknown. We found that the impact of corallivores was taxon-dependent, with most invertebrates increasing disease incidence, prevalence, or progression; fish showing highly context-dependent effects; and xanthid crabs decreasing disease progression. Simulated wounding caused disease in many cases, but experimental wound debridement slowed disease progression in others, which could explain contrasting findings from different taxa. The negative effects of corallivores are likely to worsen as storms intensify, macroalgal cover increases, more nutrients are added to marine systems, and water temperatures increase. As diseases continue to impact coral reefs globally, a more complete understanding of the ecological dynamics of disease—including those involving coral predators—is of paramount importance to coral reef conservation and management.
Achievements and perspectives of optical fiber Fabry–Perot cavities
Authors: Pfeifer H. , Ratschbacher L. , Gallego J. , Saavedra C. , Faßbender A. , von Haaren A. , Alt W. , Hofferberth S. , Köhl M. , Linden S. , Meschede D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFabry–Perot interferometers have stimulated numerous scientific and technical applications ranging from high-resolution spectroscopy over metrology, optical filters, to interfaces of light and matter at the quantum limit and more. End facet machining of optical fibers has enabled the miniaturization of optical Fabry–Perot cavities. Integration with fiber wave guide technology allows for small yet open devices with favorable scaling properties including mechanical stability and compact mode geometry. These fiber Fabry–Perot cavities (FFPCs) are stimulating extended applications in many fields including cavity quantum electrodynamics, optomechanics, sensing, nonlinear optics and more. Here we summarize the state of the art of devices based on FFPCs, provide an overview of applications and conclude with expected further research activities.
Influence of head orientation and implantation site of a novel transcutaneous bone conduction implant on MRI metal artifact reduction sequence
Authors: Talon Emile , Wimmer Wilhelm , Hakim Arsany , Kiefer Claus , Pastore-Wapp Manuela , Anschuetz Lukas , Mantokoudis Georgios , Caversaccio Marco D. , Wagner Franca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often limited in patients with auditory implants because of the presence of metallic components and magnets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a customized MRI sequence for metal artifact suppression in patients with BONEBRIDGETM BCI 602 implants (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria), the successor of the BCI 601 model.

Methods
Using our in-house developed and customized metal artifact reduction sequence (SEMAC-VAT WARP), MRI artifacts were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. MRI sequences were performed with and without artifact reduction on two whole head specimens with and without the BCI 602 implant. In addition, the influence of two different implantation sites (mastoid versus retrosigmoid) and head orientation on artifact presence was investigated.

Results
Artifact volume was reduced by more than the 50%. Results were comparable with those obtained with the BCI 601, showing no significant differences in the dimensions of artifacts caused by the implant.

Conclusion
SEMAC-VAT WARP was once more proved to be efficient at reducing metal artifacts on MR images. The dimensions of artifacts associated with the BCI 602 are not smaller than those caused by the BCI 601.
The anterior scleral thickness in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Yan Xiaoqin , Li Mu , Chen Zhiqi , Zhou Xiongwu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the anterior scleral thickness (AST) and its associations with Schlemm’s canal (SC) area, trabecular meshwork (TM) thickness and length, and scleral spur (SS) length in healthy and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) groups.

Methods
Thirty-five eyes of 35 healthy subjects and 23 eyes of 23 patients with POAG were included. The AST, SC area, TM thickness and length, and SS length were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography. AST was measured at 0 mm (AST0), 1 mm (AST1), 2 mm (AST2), and 3 mm (AST3) from SS. Associations between AST and SC area, TM thickness and length, and SS length were also estimated.

Results
AST0 (728.84 ± 99.33 vs. 657.39 ± 67.02 μm, p < 0.001), AST1 (537.79 ± 79.55 vs. 506.83 ± 57.37 μm, p = 0.038), AST3 (571.09 ± 79.15 vs. 532.13 ± 59.84 μm, p = 0.009), SC area (6304.26 ± 1238.72 vs. 4755.64 ± 1122.71 μm2, p < 0.001), TM thickness (107.21 ± 31.26 vs. 94.51 ± 24.18 μm, p = 0.035), TM length (736.20 ± 141.85 vs. 656.43 ± 127.03 μm, p = 0.004), and SS length (219.89 ± 50.29 vs. 174.54 ± 35.58 μm, p < 0.001) were significantly greater in healthy group than in POAG group. In addition, SC area, TM thickness, and SS length were significantly and positively associated with AST0 in the healthy group, whereas no similar associations were observed in the POAG group.

Conclusions
Compared with the healthy group, AST was significantly thinner in the POAG group, which also had smaller SC and TM dimensions. Moreover, the SC area, TM thickness, and SS length were significantly and positively associated with AST in the healthy group. Thus, AST might play an important role in maintaining TM and SC morphology and further in the pathogenesis of POAG.
Arrangements of Approaching Pseudo-Lines
Authors: Felsner Stefan , Pilz Alexander , Schnider Patrick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider arrangements ofnpseudo-lines in the Euclidean plane where each pseudo-line$$\ell _i$$ℓiis represented by a bi-infinite connectedx-monotone curve$$f_i(x)$$fi(x),$$x \in \mathbb {R}$$x∈R, such that for any two pseudo-lines$$\ell _i$$ℓiand$$\ell _j$$ℓjwith$$i \!<\! j$$i<j, the function$$x \!\mapsto \! f_j(x) \!-\! f_i(x)$$x↦fj(x)-fi(x)is monotonically decreasing and surjective (i.e., the pseudo-lines approach each other until they cross, and then move away from each other). We show that sucharrangements of approaching pseudo-lines, under some aspects, behave similar to arrangements of lines, while for other aspects, they share the freedom of general pseudo-line arrangements. For the former, we prove:There are arrangements of pseudo-lines that are not realizable with approaching pseudo-lines.Every arrangement of approaching pseudo-lines has a dual generalized configuration of points with an underlying arrangement of approaching pseudo-lines.For the latter, we show:There are$$2^{\Theta (n^2)}$$2Θ(n2)isomorphism classes of arrangements of approaching pseudo-lines (while there are only$$2^{\Theta (n \log n)}$$2Θ(nlogn)isomorphism classes of line arrangements).It can be decided in polynomial time whether an allowable sequence is realizable by an arrangement of approaching pseudo-lines.Furthermore, arrangements of approaching pseudo-lines can be transformed into each other by flipping triangular cells, i.e., they have a connected flip graph, and every bichromatic arrangement of this type contains a bichromatic triangular cell.
Influence of design and material characteristics on 3D printed flow-cells for heat transfer-based analytical devices
Authors: Figueiredo Leonardo F. , Vieira Felipe S. , Jamieson Oliver D. , Reeder Jack , Mc Lean Thomas , Olsen Jennifer , Crapnell Robert D. , Whittingham Matthew J. , Banks Craig E. , Law Richard , Gruber Jonas , Peeters Marloes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRedesigning 3D-printed flow cells is reported used for heat transfer based detection of biomolecules from a flow-through system to an addition-type measurement cell. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of this new measurement design and critically analyse the influence of material properties and 3D printing approach on thermal analysis. Particular attention is paid to reduce the time to stabilisation, the sample volume in order to make the technique suitable for clinical applications, and improving the sensitivity of the platform by decreasing the noise and interference of air bubbles. The three different approaches that were studied included a filament polylactic acid cell using only fused filament fabrication (FFF), a resin cell printed using stereolitography (SLA), and finally a design made of copper, which was manufactured by combining metal injection moulding (MIM) with fused filament fabrication (FFF). Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling was undertaken using ANSYS Fluent V18.1 to provide insight into the flow of heat within the measurement cell, facilitating optimisation of the system and theoretical response speed.It was shown that the measurement cells using SLA had the lowest noise (~ 0.6%) and shortest measurement time (15 min), whereas measurement cells produced using other approaches had lower specificity or suffered from voiding issues. Finally, we assessed the potential of these new designs for detection of biomolecules and amoxicillin, a commonly used beta lactam antibiotic, to demonstrate the proof of concept. It can be concluded that the resin addition-type measurement cells produced with SLA are an interesting affordable alternative, which were able to detect amoxicillin with high sensitivity and have great promise for clinical applications due to the disposable nature of the measurement cells in addition to small sample volumes.
Graphical abstract
DEM modelling of railway ballast using the Conical Damage Model: a comprehensive parametrisation strategy
Authors: Suhr Bettina , Skipper William A. , Lewis Roger , Six Klaus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite ongoing research, the parametrisation of a DEM model is a challenging task, as it depends strongly on the particle shape representation used, particle-particle contact law and the simulated applications: for railway ballast e.g. lab tests or track conditions. The authors previously modelled railway ballast with a DEM model using a simple particle shape. The DEM model was parametrised, by trial-and-error, to compression and direct shear test results. A good agreement between DEM model and experimental results was achieved only when the Conical Damage Model (CDM) was used as the contact law. Compared to the well-known linear-spring Cundall-Strack law or the Hertz-Mindlin law, this contact law takes into account additional physical effects (e.g. edge breakage) occurring in the experiment. Little is known on the influence of the CDM model parameters on the simulation results or on possible parameter ambiguities. This lack of knowledge hinders a reliable and efficient parametrisation of DEM models using different particle shapes. Both points are addressed in this work in detail by investigating a DEM model for railway ballast using one simple particle shape. Suggestions for a parametrisation strategy of reduced computational effort are formulated and tested using a second particle shape. In future works, the newly presented parametrisation strategy can help to calibrate different DEM models and to study the influence of particle shape.
A visual tool for monitoring and detecting anomalies in robot performance
Authors: Basurto Nuño , Cambra Carlos , Herrero Álvaro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn robotic systems, both software and hardware components are equally important. However, scant attention has been devoted until now in order to detect anomalies/failures affecting the software component of robots while many proposals exist aimed at detecting physical anomalies. To bridge this gap, the present paper focuses on the study of anomalies affecting the software performance of a robot by using a novel visualization tool. Unsupervised visualization methods from the machine learning field are applied in order to upgrade the recently proposed Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots (HUEPs). Furthermore, Curvilinear Component Analysis and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding are added to the original HUEPs formulation and comprehensively compared. Furthermore, all the different combinations of HUEPs are validated in a real-life scenario. Thanks to this intelligent visualization of robot status, interesting conclusions can be obtained to improve anomaly detection in robot performance.
Modeling the His-Purkinje Effect in Non-invasive Estimation of Endocardial and Epicardial Ventricular Activation
Authors: Boonstra Machteld J. , Roudijk Rob W. , Brummel Rolf , Kassenberg Wil , Blom Lennart J. , Oostendorp Thom F. , te Riele Anneline S. J. M. , van der Heijden Jeroen F. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Loh Peter , van Dam Peter M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInverse electrocardiography (iECG) estimates epi- and endocardial electrical activity from body surface potentials maps (BSPM). In individuals at risk for cardiomyopathy, non-invasive estimation of normal ventricular activation may provide valuable information to aid risk stratification to prevent sudden cardiac death. However, multiple simultaneous activation wavefronts initiated by the His-Purkinje system, severely complicateiECG. To improve the estimation of normal ventricular activation, theiECG method should accurately mimic the effect of the His-Purkinje system, which is not taken into account in the previously published multi-focaliECG. Therefore, we introduce the novel multi-waveiECG method and report on its performance. Multi-waveiECG and multi-focaliECG were tested in four patients undergoing invasive electro-anatomical mapping during normal ventricular activation. In each subject, 67-electrode BSPM were recorded and used as input for bothiECG methods. TheiECG and invasive local activation timing (LAT) maps were compared. Median epicardial inter-map correlation coefficient (CC) between invasive LAT maps and estimated multi-waveiECG versus multi-focaliECG was 0.61 versus 0.31. Endocardial inter-map CC was 0.54 respectively 0.22. Modeling the His-Purkinje system resulted in a physiologically realistic and robust non-invasive estimation of normal ventricular activation, which might enable the early detection of cardiac disease during normal sinus rhythm.
Sauti ya Vijana (SYV; The Voice of Youth): Longitudinal Outcomes of an Individually Randomized Group Treatment Pilot Trial for Young People Living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Dow Dorothy E. , O’Donnell Karen E. , Mkumba Laura , Gallis John A. , Turner Elizabeth L. , Boshe Judith , Shayo Aisa M. , Cunningham Coleen K. , Mmbaga Blandina T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSauti ya Vijana is a mental health and life skills intervention delivered by young adult group leaders for the improvement of HIV outcomes in young people living with HIV in Tanzania. This pilot randomized controlled trial estimated exploratory intervention effectiveness compared to standard of care. YPLWH (N = 105) were randomized to receive intervention or SOC. The mean age of participants was 18.1 years and 53% were female. Mean scores on mental health measures (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ], UCLA Trauma) were asymptomatic to mild in both study arms through 30-month follow-up with a non-significant fluctuation of 1–2 points. The mean self-reported adherence was higher in the intervention arm across all time points (but the confidence interval contained the null at all time points except 6 months). Risk ratio of virologic suppression (HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL) in the intervention arm compared to SOC was 1.15 [95% CI = 0.95, 1.39]) at 6-months, 1.17 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.48] at 12-months, and 0.99 [95% CI 0.76, 1.31] at 18-months. Though these findings were not powered for statistical significance, the trends in HIV outcomes suggest that SYV holds promise for improving antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and virologic suppression in YPLWH.
Current challenges in metastasis research and future innovation for clinical translation
Authors: Parker Amelia L. , Benguigui Madeleine , Fornetti Jaime , Goddard Erica , Lucotti Serena , Insua-Rodríguez Jacob , Wiegmans Adrian P. ,   Early Career Leadership Council of the Metastasis Research Society
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile immense strides have been made in understanding tumor biology and in developing effective treatments that have substantially improved the prognosis of cancer patients, metastasis remains the major cause of cancer-related death. Improvements in the detection and treatment of primary tumors are contributing to a growing, detailed understanding of the dynamics of metastatic progression. Yet challenges remain in detecting metastatic dissemination prior to the establishment of overt metastases and in predicting which patients are at the highest risk of developing metastatic disease. Further improvements in understanding the mechanisms governing metastasis have great potential to inform the adaptation of existing therapies and the development of novel approaches to more effectively control metastatic disease. This article presents a forward-looking perspective on the challenges that remain in the treatment of metastasis, and the exciting emerging approaches that promise to transform the treatment of metastasis in cancer patients.
The Phaseolus vulgaris L. Yellow Bean Collection: genetic diversity and characterization for cooking time
Authors: Sadohara Rie , Izquierdo Paulo , Couto Alves Filipe , Porch Timothy , Beaver James , Urrea Carlos A. , Cichy Karen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a nutrient-rich food, but its long cooking times hinder its wider utilization. The Yellow Bean Collection (YBC) was assembled with 295 genotypes from global sources to assess the genetic and phenotypic diversity for end-use quality traits in yellow beans. The panel was genotyped with over 2,000 SNPs identified via Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS). Through population structure analyses with the GBS markers, the YBC was determined to be 69% Andean, 26% Middle American, and 5% admixture. The YBC was grown in two major bean production regions in the U.S., Michigan (MI) and Nebraska (NE) over two years. The genotypes exhibited a wide diversity in days to flower, seed weight, water uptake, and cooking time. The cooking times of the YBC ranged from 17–123 min. The cooking time were longer and varied more widely in NE with many more genotypes exhibiting hardshell than in MI. Fast-cooking genotypes were identified with various yellow colors; 20 genotypes cooked within 20 min in MI, and eight genotypes cooked within 31 min in NE. Water uptake and cooking time were significantly affected by the environment, which included both the growing and cooking environment, and notably in relation to cooking, NE is higher elevation than MI. SNPs associated with cooking time were identified with genome-wide association analyses and a polygalacturonase gene on Pv04 was considered to be a candidate gene. The genotypic and phenotypic variability, fast-cooking genotypes, and the associated SNPs of the YBC will lay the foundation for utilizing yellow beans for breeding and genetic analyses.
Novel Composite Films Based on Acrylic Fibers Waste/Nano-chitosan for Congo Red Adsorption
Authors: Selim Salah E. , Meligi Gamal A. , Abdelhamid Ahmed E. , Mabrouk Mahmoud A. , Hussain Ahmed I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The current research aimed to use waste to treat waste; to recycling of acrylic fibers waste combined with nano-chitosan for use as an adsorbent to remove Congo red (CR) from wastewater. Acrylic fibers (AF) waste were mixed with nano-chitosan (NCh) with different ratios and converted into films by using phase inversion method to prepare two nanocomposites films coded, AF-NCh and AF-NCh-Epichlorohydrin. The nanocomposites films have been characterized using; Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, surface area, and thermal analysis. The results revealed successful incorporation of NCh into AF matrix with highly porous structure. Different parameters affecting adsorption efficiency such as, CR concentrations, adsorbent dose, effect of time and pH were employed. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies evaluations were applied to assess the adsorption mechanism and rate. Results declared that, the maximum adsorption capacities of AF-NCh and AF-NCh-Epichlorohydrin were 169 and 230 mg/g respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic mechanism obey Langmuir and pseudo second order models. Regeneration of the synthesized composite films were studied for five cycles and showed relative stable reading with high efficiency.

Graphical Abstract