bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of ferroptosis-related gene correlates with immune microenvironment and predicts prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Song Siyuan , Shu Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study is to explore the role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC), and to construct a new prognosis signature to predict the prognosis in GC. Clinical information and corresponding RNA data of GC patients were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Consensus clustering was performed to identify new molecular subgroups. ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, McpCounter and TIMER algorithm were used to analyze the infiltration of immune cells in two molecular subgroups. LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox analysis were used to construct a prognostic risk signature. Functional analysis was conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Finally, the FRPGs were verified by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. We obtained 16 FRGs and divided GC patients into two subgroups by consistent clustering. Cluster C1 with a higher abundance of immune cell infiltration but lower probability in response to immunotherapy, it was reasonable to speculate that Cluster C1 was in accordance with the immune rejection type. Functional analysis showed that the biological process of DEGs in training cohort mainly included immune globulin, and human immune response mediated by circulating immune globulin. GSEA analysis showed that compared with Cluster C2, Cluster C1 showed lower expression in lipid metabolism. The nomogram combined with risk signature and clinical features can accurately predict the prognosis of GC patients. We identified two molecular subtypes, Clusters C1 and C2. In Cluster C1, patients with poor prognosis present with a hyperimmune status and low lipid metabolism, and we speculate that Cluster C1 was in accordance with the immune rejection type. The risk model based on FRPGs can accurately predict the prognosis of GC. These results indicated that ferroptosis is associated with TIME, and deserved considerable attention in determining immunotherapy treatment strategy for GC patients.
Prognosis and diastolic dysfunction predictors in patients with heart failure and recovered ejection fraction
Authors: Takada Takuma , Matsuura Katsuhisa , Minami Yuichiro , Abe Takuro , Yoshida Ayano , Kishihara Makoto , Watanabe Shonosuke , Shirotani Shota , Jujo Kentaro , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is limited data on whether diastolic dysfunction in patients with heart failure (HF) and recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) is associated with worse prognosis. We retrospectively assessed 96 patients diagnosed with HFrecEF and created ROC curve of their diastolic function at the 1-year follow-up for the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death and HF readmission after the follow-up. Eligible patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value of E/e′ ratio (12.1) with the highest AUC (0.70). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that HFrecEF with high E/e′ group had a significantly poorer prognosis than the low E/e′ group (log-rank, p = 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the high E/e′ group was significantly related to the composite endpoint (hazard ratio 5.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–24.1). The independent predictors at discharge for high E/e′ ratio at the 1-year follow-up were older age and female sex after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.13 and OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.08–20.5). In conclusion, HFrecEF with high E/e′ ratio might be associated with a poor prognosis. Older age and female sex were independent predictors for a sustained high E/e′ ratio in patients with HFrecEF.
Crystal structure of ultra-humanized anti-pTau Fab reveals how germline substitutions humanize CDRs without loss of binding’
Authors: Brinth Alette R. , Svenson Kristine , Mosyak Lidia , Cunningham Orla , Hickling Timothy , Lambert Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdministration of therapeutic antibodies can elicit adverse immune responses in patients through the generation of anti-drug antibodies that, in turn, reduce the efficacy of the therapeutic. Removal of foreign amino acid content by humanization can lower the immunogenic risk of the therapeutic mAb. We previously developed the ultra-humanization technology “Augmented Binary Substitution” (ABS) which enables single-step CDR germlining of antibodies. The application of ABS to a chicken anti-pTau antibody generated an ultra-humanized variant, anti-pTau C21-ABS, with increased human amino acid content in the CDRs and reduced in-silico predicted immunogenicity risk. Here, we report the high-resolution crystal structure of anti-pTau C21-ABS Fab in complex with the pTau peptide (7KQK). This study examines how ultra-humanization, via CDR germlining, is facilitated while maintaining near-identical antigen affinity (within 1.6-fold). The co-complex structure reveals that the ABS molecule targets the same antigenic epitope, accommodated by structurally-similar changes in the paratope. These findings confirm that ABS enables the germlining of amino acids within CDRs by exploiting CDR plasticity, to reduce non-human amino acid CDR content, with few alterations to the overall mechanism of binding.
FXR expression in rats of hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Meng-yu , Luo Ming , Wang Jie-ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study objective was to detect the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in a rat model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma to provide a new therapeutic target for gene therapy in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Sixty male Wistar rats (weighing 190 ± 8 g) were randomly divided into three groups (experimental group, control group and sham operation group, 20 rats in each group). The three groups were fed a standard diet. The QBC939 cell suspension of cholangiocarcinoma was injected into the hilar bile duct in the experimental group with a microsyringe. The control group was injected with normal saline, and the sham operation group was not injected with any drugs. A modified tail suspension test (TST) was used to evaluate the mental state and physical activity of rats every day. At 5 weeks, one rat in the experimental group was euthanized, and the changes in the hilar bile duct were recorded. The procedure was repeated at one and half months. After one and half months, hilar cholangiocarcinoma only occurred in the experimental group. Pathological examination confirmed the formation of tumours, and hilar bile duct tissues were taken from the three groups. FXR expression in the hilar bile duct was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and immunohistochemistry. After two weeks, the rats in the experimental group ate less, and their weight was significantly reduced. One and half months later, hilar cholangiocarcinoma was detected in 16 rats in the experimental group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase in the experimental group were higher than those in the other two groups. The ratio of FXR/GAPDH mRNA was significantly different among the hilar cholangiocarcinoma, control and sham operation groups. Under the light microscope, FXR protein reacted with anti-FXR antibody and showed granular expression. Every pathological section included 4800 cells. A total of 1856 positive cells were in the experimental group, 3279 positive cells were in the control group, and 3371 positive cells were in the sham operation group. FXR expression in the hilar cholangiocarcinoma of rats was significantly lower than that in normal hilar bile duct tissues, suggesting that drugs targeting FXR may be a new strategy for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Carbon fiber coated by quinoa cellulose nanosheet with outstanding scaled salt self-cleaning performance and purification of organic and antibiotic contaminated water
Authors: Yang Jie , Suo Xidong , Zhao Jingjing , Wang Jing , Zhou Runye , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yifei , Qiao Hongtao , Luo Xiaohang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo date, various solar driven evaporation technologies have been developed for treatment of seawater and wastewater but with the threat from salt polluted and single treatment of seawater. Herein, we develop a multifunctional evaporator constructed by carbon fiber coated by quinoa cellulose nanosheet (CFQC) with outstanding self-cleaning performance and good purification property for treatment of organic and antibiotic polluted water. The resulting Zn-CFQC exhibits good light to thermal performance which can absorb about 86.95% lights in the range of UV–Vis–NIR (200–2500 nm); therefore, the wet and dry surface temperatures of Zn-CFQC are held at 62.1 and 124.3 °C respectively, and keep a speed of 3.2 kg m−2 h−1for water evaporating under 1000 W m−2illumination. Such good light-to-thermal capabilities can be mainly imputed to the unique surface microstructures of the carbon fiber which decorated by two-dimension cellulose and activated by ZnCl2. Additionally, Zn-CFQC shows good salt automatic-cleaning capability at night and corresponding mechanism has been simply elucidated according to the chemical potential theory. The method of treatment of carbon fiber opens a new way for commercial carbon fiber utilization of solar assisted water purification.
Dynamic observer‐based H∞ robust control for a ducted coaxial‐rotor UAV
Authors: Xu Chang , Su Chengzhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of aerodynamic modelling and robust attitude control for a novel ducted coaxial‐rotor UAV (DCUAV) with time‐varying model uncertainties and external disturbances. In order to achieve robust attitude stabilization and tracking control for the highly non‐linear and coupled system of the DCUAV, a united dynamic observer (DO) based control design is proposed, which can deal with the uncertainty and disturbance simultaneously without estimating and compensating them during the design problem. Through the combination of the theory and the DO technique, the developed control method can achieve a better performance and more accurate tracking control compared with the existing statice observer‐based control design approaches. In addition, the parameterization of the proposed controller is derived from the solution of new LMI formulations based on the transformation of the algebraic constraint. By combining the designed DO‐based controller with the linearized DCUAV system that includes model uncertainties and disturbances, better robustness and tracking performance has been achieved. Simulation results are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency and good performance of the proposed control design.
Fetal organ dose assessment during pelvic CT examination using Monte Carlo/GATE simulation and pregnancy voxelized phantom Katja
Authors: Benameur Y. , Tahiri M. , Mkimel M. , El Baydaoui R. , Mesradi M.R. , El hariri B. 
Published: May 2022

In certain situations where there is a risk of fetal-pelvis disproportion (risk that the baby will not be able to pass through the pelvis), pelvic scan examination may be prescribed to the mother at the end of pregnancy. This examination assesses the dimensions of the pelvis by measuring various bone diameters. It also provides details information about pelvis morphology.
Patients are routinely worried about the risk of unwanted effects on the fetus from radiation exposure. Accepting the possibility of adverse effects from fetal exposure and the inability to measure directly in vivo [1]. Medical physicists have developed several techniques to determine the amount of radiation that reaches the fetus. Physicians need to understand these methods and how the numbers they produce relate to possible biological effects on the fetus.
In this study A 16 helical multi-slice CT scanner was simulated. Full technical specifications were obtained from the constructor and simulated in GATE to produce single x-ray beams. Katja voxelized patient phantom, pregnant in 24 weeks, was scanned with pelvis protocol.
The code was used to estimate the absorbed and effective doses in the important organs of the fetus as a consequence of the scanning parameters.
The purpose of this study was to use patient voxelized phantom Katja to assessed fetal organ dose, effective dose and evaluate the risk related to radiation due to pelvis CT examination using Monte Carlo/Gate platform.
Fetal effective doses were 4.8, 6.3 and 8.2 mSv for 80, 110 and 130 kV respectively. Fetal dose in heart, eye lens, brain was 1.61, 1.6 and 0.8 mGy for 80 kV.
Since the dose to the fetus from a pelvic scan is lower than 50 mGy, when exposed to a single scan teratogenic effects on the fetus are not significant concern [2].
Science of evolution: between the historical science and functionalist science. Which approach adopted in the secondary education in Morocco for improving the environment of science study?
Authors: Seghir Hakima , El alaoui Mustafa , Idrissi Rachid Janati 
Published: May 2022

Science of evolution is the basic of life and earth science (LES). It searches for mobilize the process and reasoning of tow scientific poles: functionalist and historical. Because it try together to reconstruct the history of living beings from their origins and to explain the working biological mechanisms in this process. Therefore, studies of evolution must respect this double polarization.In this article, we analyzed the programs of studied subjects in life and earth sciences for secondary school in Morocco to know how this polarization is taken into accent.We show that the programs of life and earth sciences are heaving biased toward the scientific pole functionalist. So, the historical sciences remains poor and implicit.This tendency, patent in the programs of life and earth science, might reveal probably more the difficult of evolution studies in Morocco.
Development and Testing Requirements for an Integrated Maternal and Child Health Information System in Iran: A Design Thinking Case Study
Authors: Meidani Zahra , Moravveji Alireza , Gohari Shirin , Ghaffarian Hamideh , Zare Sahar , Vaseghi Fatemeh , Moosavi Gholam Abbas , Nickfarjam Ali mohammad , Holl Felix 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Management of child health care can be negatively affected by incomplete recording, low data quality, and lack of data integration of health management information systems to support decision making and public health program needs. Given the importance of identifying key determinants of child health via capturing and integrating accurate and high-quality information, we aim to address this gap through the development and testing requirements for an integrated child health information system.
Subjects and Methods A five-phase design thinking approach including empathizing, defining, ideation, prototyping, and testing was applied. We employed observations and interviews with the health workers at the primary health care network to identify end-users' challenges and needs using tools in human-centered design and focus group discussion. Then, a potential solution to the identified problems was developed as an integrated maternal and child health information system (IMCHIS) prototype and tested using Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation Model (SQuaRE) ISO/IEC 25000.
Results IMCHIS was developed as a web-based system with 74 data elements and seven maternal and child health care requirements. The requirements of “child disease” with weight (0.26), “child nutrition” with weight (0.20), and “prenatal care” with weight (0.16) acquired the maximum weight coefficient. In the testing phase, the highest score with the weight coefficient of 0.48 and 0.73 was attributed to efficiency and functionality characteristics, focusing on software capability to fulfill the tasks that meet users' needs.
Conclusion Implementing a successful child health care system integrates both maternal and child health care information systems to track the effect of maternal conditions on child health and support managing performance and optimizing service delivery. The highest quality score of IMCHIS in efficiency and functionality characteristics confirms that it owns the capability to identify key determinants of child health.
Research Challenges in Homoeopathy
Authors: Taneja Divya , Michael James , Nayak Chaturbhuj 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThrough this article, we attempt to identify and understand some of the major challenges in homoeopathic research and find solutions to overcome them. We have classified and compiled the challenges broadly under the headings of (1) conceptual challenges—difficulties in research arising due to conceptual differences between homoeopathy and conventional medicine, in the understanding of disease and its treatment; (2) methodological challenges—such as weak study designs, use of incorrect outcome measures, lack of knowledge of statistics, poor adherence to homoeopathic tenets leading to poor remedy selection etc.; (3) difficulties arising due to logistic challenges—lack of well-trained homoeopathic physicians in principles of homoeopathy as well as research, lack of proper infrastructure leading to hurdles such as limited access to research literature and other necessary resources; (4) research culture—these pertain to the difficulties in homoeopathic research stemming from the reluctance of the homoeopathic society to assimilate research into its culture. Some steps have been suggested to overcome these challenges, namely improving research education among homoeopathic fraternity, ensuring precise application of principles of homoeopathy as well as utilising correct research methodology, promoting interdisciplinary communication and encouraging interaction between academicians, researchers and practitioners and taking steps to improve the quality of documentation.
Imaging of Nerve Disorders in the Elbow
Authors: Gunio Drew , Babaa Ahmad , Bencardino Jenny T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuropathies of the elbow represent a spectrum of disorders that involve more frequently the ulnar, radial, and median nerves. Reported multiple pathogenic factors include mechanical compression, trauma, inflammatory conditions, infections, as well as tumor-like and neoplastic processes. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of these peripheral nerves is crucial because clinical symptoms and imaging findings depend on which components of the affected nerve are involved. Correlating clinical history with the imaging manifestations of these disorders requires familiarity across all diagnostic modalities. This understanding allows for a targeted imaging work-up that can lead to a prompt and accurate diagnosis.
Kolakhar – a traditionally prepared biochar revealed potentiality in ameliorating soil acidity stress in rice
Authors: Shandilya Zina Moni , Tanti Bhaben 
Published: May 2022

Context Acidic soil stress is a silent threat to the plant biome including rice. Aim To develop a feasible method for ameliorating acidic soil stress that neutralises the acidity and benefits the plants to restore the necessary nutrients in the soil environment in an eco-friendly approach. Methods A traditionally prepared organic biochar from stem, peel and suckers of banana, i.e. kolakhar was used individually and also in a combination with commercial biochar (biokhar) to evaluate the growth of five traditional rice varieties with contrasting characters for tolerability of Al toxicity and P deficiency. Key Results The rice seedlings treated with kolakhar showed better responses in biomass, photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant protection mechanisms. Enhanced production of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase etc. in seedlings growing under kolakhar treated soil reveals their possible mechanism developed to cope with the stress. The final pH of all the treated soils with ameliorants was found to change to ∼6.0, nearly similar to normal soil from 4.2 to 4.5. The amount of phosphorous was highest in soil treated with kolakhar 250 mg kg−1. Kolakhar showed the highest reduction of available Al from 2.107 to 0.018 mg kg−1 after 30 days of treatment. Above all, the histochemical staining elucidated that the Al uptake was more profound in the controls. In contrast, much reduced Al uptake was observed in roots under treatment with ameliorants, which could be because of the decreased Al content in the soil as determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. Conclusions These findings have paved the way to overcome the severe issues of acidic soil stress, associated hazards of Al accumulation and other stresses. Implications Kolakhar could be exploited for ameliorating soil acidity through low cost and eco-friendly way.
Processing clause-internal discourse relations in a second language
Authors: Wetzel Mathis , Crible Ludivine , Zufferey Sandrine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coherence relations are expressed differently across languages, often leading to language learners misusing
discourse connectives. We argue that the ability to detect these errors crucially depends on the coherence relation under
scrutiny, as errors may remain unnoticed when the relation is clause-internal and marked with a highly optional connective. We
focus, therefore, on specifications, a relation that German-speaking learners sometimes struggle to correctly indicate when
writing in French. We assessed whether non-native readers detect this error and show preferences for either explicit or implicit
marking of specifications. Findings show that non-native speakers were generally able to detect the error in a sentence-evaluation
task but did not react to it in a self-paced-reading task, contrary to native speakers. They also judged implicit specifications
as more correct than explicitly marked specifications. We conclude that non-native speakers do not always benefit from connectives
during text processing, especially when they are highly optional.
Metonymy, reflexive hyperbole and broadly reflexive relationships
Authors: Barnden John A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
I explore some relationships between metonymy and a special type of hyperbole that I call reflexive
hyperbole. Reflexive hyperbole provides a unified, simple explanation of certain natural meanings of statements such
as the following: Sailing is Mary’s life, The undersea sculptures became the ocean, When Sally watched the film she became
James Bond, I am Charlie Hebdo, John is Hitler, The internet is cocaine and I am Amsterdam. The
meanings, while of seemingly disparate types, are deeply united: they are all hyperbolic about some contextually salient
relationship that has a special property that I call “broad reflexivity.” Although a few of the types of meaning of interest have
metonymic aspects (or metaphorical aspects), reflexive hyperbole cannot just be explained by a straightforward application of
metonymy theory (or metaphor theory). Indeed, I argue instead for a dependency in the converse direction: that much and perhaps
even all metonymy is rooted – if sometimes slightly indirectly – in broadly reflexive relationships, though not usually in a
hyperbolic way.