bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model of solidification of melt with high-speed cooling
Authors: Dudorov M V , Drozin A D , Stryukov A V , Roshchin V E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A new mathematical model of supercooled melt crystallization based on the variational principles of thermodynamics has been developed. The model takes into account the crystal formation and diffusion growth regularities, as well as the diffusionless crystal growth with the deviation from the local equilibrium at the surface. The model also takes into account the growing crystals mutual influence on the components concentration in the melt. The calculations for the supercooled eutectic melt Fe83B17 showed that the nucleation and growth of the phases Fe and Fe2B with a metastable phase Fe3B occur in the melt. The local equilibrium on the surface of the growing Fe3B crystals with the melt probably does not maintained. The regularities of the nucleation and mutual influence of the growing crystals of the phases are studied. The nucleation and growth rate of the Fe3B nuclei differs from the growth of Fe and Fe2B nuclei due to the diffusionless capture of boron atoms by the growing Fe3B crystals surface. The model will help to calculate the melt cooling technology mode for producing amorphous ribbons on a copper rotating drum. The calculation made it possible to analyze changes in the temperature and the crystallization degree in the various ribbon layers. The calculation results have been verified experimentally by x-ray diffraction and calorimetric studies of the obtained ribbons. The correspondence of the calculation and the experimental results confirms the effectiveness developed methodology for studying the regularities of crystal growth in supercooled melts.
The uniqueness and monotonicity of incompressible jet with two fluids*
Authors: Du Lili , Huang Jinli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the previous paper by Alt et al (1984 Indiana Univ. Math. J.
33 367–91), the existence of the symmetric plane flows of two fluids with two free boundaries has been established by variational approach. However, the uniqueness of the two-phase fluids with two free boundaries is an unsolved problem. In the present paper, we will deal with the uniqueness of the two-phase fluids. In addition, if we assume that the two nozzles both converge, we shall show the monotonicity of the two free boundaries of the incompressible two-phase fluids issuing from these two nozzles.
Underdamped oscillations of a mass between two springs
Authors: Herrera-Suárez H J , Morales-Aranguren H L , Muñoz J H , Ossa-Novoa J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The oscillations of one mass m suspended between two different springs, assuming a friction force proportional to the velocity

(

x
˙

)

, have been studied. For this purpose, an assembly for this system has been made. The movement of the mass is recorded with a smartphone and analysed with Tracker. It is obtained that the graph of the position of the mass m in function of the time is similar to that of an underdamped harmonic oscillator. The registered data with Tracker are exported to Excel and fit to a nonlinear model through the expression

x
(
t
)
=
A

e

−
λ
t

sin
(
ω
t
+
α
)

. The nonlinear equation of motion is numerically solved with the free Octave package. This solution es very sensitive to the mass of the particle and the stretching of the springs.
Comparison of student performance between virtual and in-person modalities of introductory calculus-based physics
Authors: Haldolaarachchige Neel , Hettiarachchilage Kalani 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Physics educators keep adding many skill developments to science and engineering students during their education as individuals and groups including critical thinking, conceptual understanding, problem-solving, mathematical implementation, computational implementation, etc. Here, we are discussing how to reach and analyse students’ outcomes within the context of introductory calculus-based physics courses by investigating two different teaching modalities. We found that there is no significant impact of teaching modality on student learning. By performing two different assessments: chapter-ending midterm assessments and unit-based (three to four chapters) midterm assessments, shows that students can perform much better with short-time assessments in contrast to the long-time assessments. Further, we study any possible effects on students’ final grades from students’ prior knowledge of calculus and conceptual physics. This investigation shows that although there is no correlation between student’s prior proficiency in calculus the class performance, however, there is a correlation of conceptual physics understanding towards class performance.
Monte Carlo optimization of a GRID collimator for preclinical megavoltage ultra-high dose rate spatially-fractionated radiation therapy
Authors: Clements Nathan , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena , Esplen Nolan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. A 2-dimensional pre-clinical SFRT (GRID) collimator was designed for use on the ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) 10 MV ARIEL beamline at TRIUMF. TOPAS Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine optimal collimator geometry with respect to various dosimetric quantities. Approach. The GRID-averaged peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) and mean dose rate of the peaks were investigated with the intent of maximizing both values in a given design. The effects of collimator thickness, focus position, septal width, and hole width on these metrics were found by testing a range of values for each parameter on a cylindrical GRID collimator. For each tested collimator geometry, photon beams with energies of 10, 5, and 1 MV were transported through the collimator and dose rates were calculated at various depths in a water phantom located 1.0 cm from the collimator exit. Main results. In our optimization, hole width proved to be the only collimator parameter which increased both PVDR and peak dose rates. From the optimization results, it was determined that our optimized design would be one which achieves the maximum dose rate for a PVDR

≥
5

at 10 MV. Ultimately, this was achieved using a collimator with a thickness of 75 mm, 0.8 mm septal and hole widths, and a focus position matched to the beam divergence. This optimized collimator maintained the PVDR of 5 in the phantom between water depths of 0–10 cm at 10 MV and had a mean peak dose rate of

3.06
±
0.02

Gy

s

−
1

at 0–1 cm depth. Significance. We have investigated the impact of various GRID-collimator design parameters on the dose rate and spatial fractionation of 10, 5, and 1 MV photon beams. The optimized collimator design for the 10 MV ultra-high dose rate photon beam could become a useful tool for radiobiology studies synergizing the effects of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) delivery and spatial fractionation.
Polynomial synchronization of complex-valued inertial neural networks with multi-proportional delays
Authors: Yao Zhuang , Zhang Ziye , Wang Zhen , Lin Chong , Chen Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the polynomial synchronization (PS) problem of complex-valued inertial neural networks with multi-proportional delays. It is analyzed based on the non-separation method. Firstly, an exponential transformation is applied and an appropriate controller is designed. Then, a new sufficient criterion for PS of the considered system is derived by the Lyapunov function approach and some inequalities techniques. In the end, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.
Complex field verification using a large area CMOS MAPS upstream in radiotherapy
Authors: Pritchard J.L. , Velthuis J.J. , Beck L. , Li Y. , De Sio C. , Ballisat L. , Duan J. , Shi Y. , Hugtenburg R.P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A multileaf collimator (MLC) is an integral component in modern radiotherapy machines as it dynamically shapes the photon field used for patient treatment. Currently, the MLC leaves which collimate the treatment field are mechanically calibrated to ±1 mm every 3 months and during pre-treatment calibration are calibrated to the mechanically set leaf positions. Leaf drift can occur between calibration dates and hence exceed the ±1 mm tolerance. Pre-treatment verification, increases LINAC usage time so is seldom performed for each individual patient treatment, but instead for an acceptable sample of patients and/or treatment fractions. Independent real-time treatment verification is therefore desirable. We are developing a large area CMOS MAPS upstream of the patient to monitor MLC leaf positions for real-time treatment verification. CMOS MAPS are radiation hard for photon and electron irradiation, have high readout speeds and low attenuation which makes them an ideal upstream radiation detector for radiotherapy. Previously, we reported on leaf position reconstruction for single leaves using the Lassena, a 12 × 14 cm2, three side buttable MAPS suitable for clinical deployment. Sobel operator based methods were used for edge reconstruction. It was shown that the correspondence between reconstructed and set leaf position was excellent and resolutions ranged between 60.6 ± 8 and 109 ± 12 μm for a single central leaf with leaf extensions ranging from 1 to 35 mm using 0.3 sec of treatment beam time at 400 MU/min. Here, we report on leaf edge reconstruction using updated methods for complex leaf configurations, as occur in clinical use. Results show that leaf positions can be reconstructed with resolutions of 62 ± 6 μm for single leaves and 86 ± 16 μm for adjacent leaves at the isocenter using 0.15 sec at 400 MU/min of treatment beam. These resolutions are significantly better than current calibration standards.
A bioinspired fishbone continuum robot with rigid-flexible-soft coupling structure
Authors: Zhou Pan , Yao Jiantao , Zhang Shuai , Wei Chunjie , Zhang Hongyu , Qi Shupeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rigid-flexible-soft coupled robots are an important development direction of robotics, which face many theoretical and technical challenges in their design, manufacture, and modeling. Inspired by fishbones, we propose a novel cable-driven single-backbone continuum robot which has a compact structure, is lightweight, and has high dexterity. In contrast to the existing single-backbone continuum robots, the middle backbone of the continuum robot is serially formed by multiple cross-arranged bioinspired fishbone units. The proposed bioinspired fishbone unit, having good one-dimensional bending properties, is a special rigid-flexible-soft structure mainly made by multi-material 3D printing technology. The unique design and manufacture of the middle backbone provide the continuum robot with excellent constant curvature characteristics and reduce the coupling between different motion dimensions, laying a foundation for the continuum robot to have a more accurate theoretical model as well as regular and controllable deformation. Moreover, we build the forward and inverse kinematics model based on the geometric analysis method, and analyze its workspace. Further, the comparison between the experimental and theoretical results shows that the prediction errors of the kinematics model are within the desired 0.5 mm. Also, we establish the relation between the cable driving force of the bioinspired fishbone unit and its bending angle, which can provide guidance for the optimization of the continuum robot in the future. The application demos prove that the continuum robot has good dexterity and compliance, and can perform tasks such as obstacle crossing locomotion and narrow space transportation. This work provides new ideas for the bioinspired design and high-precision modeling of continuum robots.
Shocks, socio-economic status, and food security across Kenya: policy implications for achieving the Zero Hunger goal
Authors: Mutea Emily , Hossain Md Sarwar , Ahmed Ali , Ifejika Speranza Chinwe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study assessed the association between shocks, socio-economic factors, and household food security across Kenya, and provided policy implications for achieving the Zero Hunger goal at national and local levels in Kenya. We analysed the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2015–16 data for 24 000 households by employing regression models. Our multiple findings show that: (a) half of the surveyed population across Kenya were food insecure; (b) large disparities in food security status exist across the country; (c) demographics (e.g. gender, urban areas), and other socio-economic aspects (e.g. education, income, remittances), positively influence food security; and (d) social and economic shocks negatively influence food security. In summary, the food security status in Kenya is not satisfactory. Our findings suggest that, in general, achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) Zero Hunger goal by 2030 will likely remain challenging for Kenya. Ultimately, a redoubling of efforts is required to achieve SDG 10 (reducing inequality) to ensure no one is left behind. Further, the findings could be useful in the formulation and implementation of national and regional policies for achieving the Zero Hunger goal by 2030 in Kenya.
Transmission matrix inference via pseudolikelihood decimation
Authors: Ancora Daniele , Leuzzi Luca 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently, significant efforts in medical imaging are towards the exploitation of disordered media as optics tools. Among several approaches, the transmission matrix description is promising for characterizing complex structures and, currently, has enabled imaging and focusing through disorder. In the present work, we report a statistical mechanics description of the transmission problem. We convert a linear input–output transmission recovery into the statistical inference of an effective interaction matrix. We do this by relying on a pseudolikelihood maximization process based on random intensity observations. Our aim is to bridge results from spin-glass theory to the field of disordered photonics, uncovering insights from the scattering problem and encouraging the development of novel imaging techniques for better medical investigations.
Wigner time delays and Goos–Hänchen shifts of 2D quantum vortices scattered by potential barriers
Authors: Mazanov Maxim , Bliokh Konstantin Y 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider reflection and transmission of 2D quantum wavepackets with phase vortices (also known in optics as spatiotemporal vortex pulses) at potential step-like, delta-function, and rectangular barriers. The presence of a vortex significantly modifies the Wigner time delays and Goos–Hänchen shifts, previously studied for Gaussian-like wavepackets. In particular, the scattered wavepackets undergo non-zero time delays and lateral shifts even for purely real scattering coefficients, when the standard Wigner and Artmann formulae vanish. We derive analytical expressions for the vortex-induced times delays and spatial shifts and verify these with numerical calculations of the Schrödinger equation. The time delays and shifts are resonantly enhanced in the vicinity of the critical-angle incidence for a step-like potential and near transmission resonances for a rectangular barrier.
Recent advances in flexible force sensors and their applications: a review
Authors: Chen Yu-Wen , Pancham Padmanabh Pundrikaksha , Mukherjee Anupam , Martincic Emile , Lo Cheng-Yao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, five sensing mechanisms including capacitive, piezoresistive, inductive, piezoelectric, and optical are reviewed in details with representative literature. Basic functions of flexible force sensors (such as normal force, shear force, shear angle, torsional angle, and rotational angle) with additional physical quantities (such as environmental temperature, gesture, vibration, and bending) are discussed and categorized clearly in this article. In addition, materials used in the flexible force sensors as electrodes, substrates, and deformable dielectrics are also highlighted and summarized. Furthermore, structural design, specifications of sensitivity, spatial resolution, dynamic window and cyclic life are unambiguously outlined. Meanwhile, key design considerations are listed and evaluated in this review to indicate major contributions to the characteristics of the flexible force sensors. Notable challenges, potential business, and examples of commercial players in the market are also listed. This article offers a stepping stone for those who plan to enter this fields by revisiting the outcomes from the past decades.
Neural insights into sweet taste transduction and hunger-induced taste modification in mice
Authors: Nakajima Ken-ichiro 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Feeding is one of the most fundamental activities in the survival and reproduction of animals. During feeding, the gustatory system functions as a gatekeeper to evaluate food quality. Accumulated evidence in the field of taste research has shown that 5 basic tastes (sweet, umami, sour, bitter, and salty) are sensed by the corresponding taste receptors expressed in taste receptor cells on the tongue. In contrast, brain mechanisms that transduce or modify taste information have been less studied. In this review, I introduce our recent findings on the sweet taste transduction in the brainstem of mice and explain the hypothalamic neuronal network regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
CLNN-loop: a deep learning model to predict CTCF-mediated chromatin loops in the different cell lines and CTCF-binding sites (CBS) pair types
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Wu Yingfu , Zhou Haoru , Zhou Bing , Zhang Hongming , Wu Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationThree-dimensional (3D) genome organization is of vital importance in gene regulation and disease mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that CTCF-mediated chromatin loops are crucial to studying the 3D structure of cells. Although various experimental techniques have been developed to detect chromatin loops, they have been found to be time-consuming and costly. Nowadays, various sequence-based computational methods can capture significant features of 3D genome organization and help predict chromatin loops. However, these methods have low performance and poor generalization ability in predicting chromatin loops.ResultsHere, we propose a novel deep learning model, called CLNN-loop, to predict chromatin loops in different cell lines and CTCF-binding sites (CBS) pair types by fusing multiple sequence-based features. The analysis of a series of examinations based on the datasets in the previous study shows that CLNN-loop has satisfactory performance and is superior to the existing methods in terms of predicting chromatin loops. In addition, we apply the SHAP framework to interpret the predictions of different models, and find that CTCF motif and sequence conservation are important signs of chromatin loops in different cell lines and CBS pair types.Availability and implementationThe source code of CLNN-loop is freely available at https://github.com/HaoWuLab-Bioinformatics/CLNN-loop and the webserver of CLNN-loop is freely available at http://hwclnn.sdu.edu.cn.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Short-term high-fat diet consumption increases body weight and body adiposity and alters brain stem taste information processing in rats
Authors: Kovacs Peter , Hajnal Andras 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is known to develop whether exposed to a high-energy diet (HED) or a high-fat diet (HFD). However, it is still not clear whether the elevated energy content or the macronutrient imbalance is the key factor in early disease progression. Therefore, this study compared the short-term effects of 2 widely used rodent obesogenic diets, an HFD with 60 kcal% fat content and a carbohydrate-based HED, on the body weight, body fat content, glucose tolerance, and neuronal taste responses in rats. We found that only HFD induced an early significant body weight increase compared with the control normal diet (ND) group, starting on week 4, and resulting in a significantly elevated body adiposity compared with both the ND and HED groups. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed no difference across groups. Subsequently, we also found that HFD resulted in a significant body weight gain even under energy-restricted (isocaloric to ND) conditions. In vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that only the ad libitum HFD and not the isocaloric-HFD altered the brain stem gustatory neural responses to oral taste stimulation. In conclusion, this study showed that increased fat intake might result in significant body weight gain even under isocaloric and metabolically healthy conditions and demonstrated changes in central taste processing in an early stage of dietary obesity. A better understanding of these initial physiological changes may offer new drug targets for preventing obesity.
Efficient eigenvalue counts for tree-like networks
Authors: Guzman Grover E C , Stadler Peter F , Fujita André 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEstimating the number of eigenvalues $\mu_{[a,b]}$ of a network’s adjacency matrix in a given interval $[a,b]$ is essential in several fields. The straightforward approach consists of calculating all the eigenvalues in $O(n^3)$ (where $n$ is the number of nodes in the network) and then counting the ones that belong to the interval $[a,b]$. Another approach is to use Sylvester’s law of inertia, which also requires $O(n^3)$. Although both methods provide the exact number of eigenvalues in $[a,b]$, their application for large networks is computationally infeasible. Sometimes, an approximation of $\mu_{[a,b]}$ is enough. In this case, Chebyshev’s method approximates $\mu_{[a,b]}$ in $O(|E|)$ (where $|E|$ is the number of edges). This study presents two alternatives to compute $\mu_{[a,b]}$ for locally tree-like networks: edge- and degree-based algorithms. The former presented a better accuracy than Chebyshev’s method. It runs in $O(d|E|)$, where $d$ is the number of iterations. The latter presented slightly lower accuracy but ran linearly ($O(n)$).
Colonies of ants allocate exploratory individuals to where they are ecologically needed
Authors: Madrzyk Max , Pinter-Wollman Noa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Individual differences in behavior have large consequences for the way in which ecology impacts fitness. Individuals differ in how they explore their environment and how exploratory behavior benefits them. In group-living animals, behavioral heterogeneity can be beneficial because different individuals perform different tasks. For example, exploratory individuals may discover new food sources and recruit group members to exploit the food, while less exploratory individuals forgo the risks of exploration. Here we ask how individual variation in exploratory behavior affects the ability of Argentine ant Linepithema humile colonies to (1) locate novel food sources, (2) exploit known food resources, and (3) respond to disruptions while foraging. To address these questions, we conducted field experiments on L. humile foraging trails in which we manipulated food availability near and at the foraging trails and disrupted the foraging trails. We sampled individuals based on their response to the perturbations in the field and tested their exploratory behavior in the lab. We found that exploratory individuals benefit the colony by locating novel foods and increasing resource exploitation, but they do not play an important role in the recovery of a foraging trail after disruption. Thus, the benefits of behavioral heterogeneity to the group, specifically in exploratory behavior, differ across ecological contexts.