bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence, safety and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy among children at a tertiary hospital in India
Authors: Rajput Kiran , Roy Joanna Mary , Chaudhari Suhas , Sawant Vishal Dnyaneshwar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Successful response to treatment of HIV infection is largely determined by adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and manifests as an improvement in CD4 counts. Certain challenges to attaining high rates of adherence are specific to the paediatric population since children are dependent on a caregiver and are not often disclosed with the status of being infected. Analysing the factors affecting adherence, monitoring the side effects related to therapy and the progress of CD4 counts will help identify challenges to treatment and improve quality of life in these children.

Results
89.6% of children (n = 86) showed optimal adherence to ART. The relationship of the caregiver to the child (biological parents) and the rise in CD4 count were the only factors found to be significantly associated with adherence to ART. The most reported side effect following ART was a skin rash, associated with the use of Nevirapine.

Conclusions
Adherence to ART in the paediatric age group can be improved by facilitating counselling services and regular monitoring of therapy in children who are not under direct care of their biological parents. Monitoring the safety profile of ART along with the CD4 count is necessary to limit adverse effects and monitor efficacy to treatment.
A comparative study of the cardioprotective effect of Metformin, Sitagliptin and Dapagliflozin on Isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in non-diabetic rats
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa Mahmoud , Khedr Mohamed Mostafa , Morsy Manal Hamza , Badae Noha Mohamed , Elatrebi Soha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute myocardial infraction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity. As anti-diabetic drugs affect the cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients independent of their glucose lowering effect, this study was aimed to explore the cardioprotective effects of metformin, sitagliptin and dapagliflozin on electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, IL-1β, troponin I, caspase 3 in isoprenaline (ISO) induced MI in non-diabetic rats. The present study was conducted on 40 adult male Wistar albino rats. The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups, 8 each: I-Normal Control (NC) group, II-ISO-induced MI control (ISO-MI) injected with ISO subcutaneously at a dose of 100 mg/kg to induce experimental AMI. III-A- Metformin treated ISO-induced MI group (300 mg/kg/day), III-B-Sitagliptin treated ISO-induced MI group (10 mg/kg/day) and III-C- Dapagliflozin treated ISO-induced MI group (5 mg/kg/day).

Results
Treated groups showed significant improvement at p < 0.05 of ECG parameters with a decrease HR, ST amplitude and QT interval as compared to ISO-MI group. There was significant reduction at p < 0.05 of serum levels of IL-1β, troponin I and caspase 3 in the treated groups.

Conclusions
All medications proved to be effective in alleviating the harmful effects caused by ISO-induced MI evidenced by ECG readings and biochemical parameters. However, Dapagliflozin demonstrated a superior effect to Metformin and Sitagliptin.
On the quest for hidden ovarian teratomas in therapy-refractory anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case report
Authors: Cirkel Christoph , Cirkel Anna , Royl Georg , Frydrychowicz Alex , Tharun Lars , Deichmann Steffen , Rody Achim , Münte Thomas F. , Machner Björn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Anti-NMDA-receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is often associated with ovarian teratoma (OT). The best management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients with normal imaging studies (pelvic ultrasound/MRI) but clinically high risk of OT (e.g., female, adult, black) is unclear. We report on the surprising diagnostic quest in a young black woman with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, in whom invasive procedures could finally disclose two OTs that were hidden from the initial non-invasive diagnostics.

Case report
The patient presented with a one-week history of psychotic symptoms, developing oro-facial dyskinesia, seizures and coma, eventually requiring mechanical ventilation. NMDA-receptor antibodies were positive in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Pelvic MRI and transabdominal ultrasound were normal. Exploratory laparoscopy was also unremarkable at first, but due to a suspicious echogenic mass (15 mm) in the right ovary on perioperative transvaginal ultrasound, an ovarian incision was performed which led to the detection of a first OT and its removal via ovarian-preserving cystectomy. Following a severe therapy-refractory clinical course despite aggressive immunotherapy and tumor removal, 6 months later bilateral oophorectomy was performed as ultima ratio, disclosing a second micro-OT (6 mm) in the left ovary. Unfortunately, the patient has not improved clinically yet.

Conclusions
In therapy-refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis with high risk of OT, small and bilateral OTs hidden from primary non-invasive diagnostics should be considered, which may trigger further invasive diagnostic procedures.
Quaternionic quantum mechanics for N = 1, 2, 4 supersymmetry
Authors: Rawat Seema , Rawat A. S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Quaternions have emerged as powerful tools in higher-dimensional quantum mechanics as they provide homogeneous four-dimensional structure in quantum field theories, offer compact representations, and incorporate spin naturally. Quantum field theories then lead to the unification of fundamental interactions so the use of quaternion becomes necessary when we are dealing with higher-dimensional theories. On the other hand, supersymmetry is the theory of bosons and fermions and is an essential constituent of grand unified theories. The use of quaternion in supersymmetric field theories provides an excellent framework for higher-dimensional unification theories.

Result
A complete theory for supersymmetric quaternionic quantum mechanics has been constructed for N = 1, 2, 4 supersymmetry in terms of one, two, and four supercharges and Hamiltonians, respectively. It has been shown that N = 4 SUSY is the quaternionic extension of the N = 2 complex SUSY and N = 1 real SUSY; also spin is the natural outcome of using quaternion units. Pauli and Dirac Hamiltonian and their relationship have also been obtained in quaternion space. It has been shown that quaternionic quantum mechanics are superior to ordinary and complex quantum mechanics because in the quaternion framework we do not need three different theories for N = 1,2,4 SQM but a single theory only.

Conclusions
It has been concluded that N = 1 real SUSY is equal to N = 2 complex SUSY which in turn is equal to N = 4 quaternion SUSY so one can arrive at higher-dimensional quantum field theories starting from lower-dimensional quantum theories. Higher-dimensional quaternion field theories are suitable for nonphotonic light cone particles which are not allowed in complex QFT, also noncommutative nature of quaternion gives an extra degree of freedom and may provide the possibility of some new particle, dark matter, or new phenomenon. Though quaternions provide an excellent framework in higher-dimensional field theories, there are certain challenges due to their noncommutativity as calculations become tedious where large terms are involved. Keeping in view the noble features of quaternion, we expect some development to get a better understanding of N = 8 supergravity, maximal supergravity (D = 11 − n), and maximal supersymmetry theories (N = 10) in terms of quaternion operators.
Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) questionnaire in Hindi: a survey report on evaluating the benefit with amplification
Authors: Chandanshive Chandrahas U. , Jorasia Rajesh , Penwal Suman S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to translate the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) questionnaire into Hindi. The translated questionnaire was administered to 80 Hindi-speaking individuals with hearing impairment.

Results
A good reliability was found in the questions using the Cronbach alpha test. The Pearson r correlation revealed a significant positive correlation between the degree of hearing loss and the global satisfaction scores. It suggests that there is a direct proportion of degree of hearing loss and global scores as the user has severe hearing loss the communication difficulty is also great in magnitude.

Conclusion
From the findings of the current study, it can be inferred that the Hindi translation of the SADL questionnaire can be used in clinical settings to measure the hearing aid/s outcome after fitting.
Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Programs' Participation in the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative
Authors: Makhoul Issam , Anders Michael , Siegel Robert , Chiang Anne , Markham Merry-Jennifer , Chen Ronald C. , Mougalian Sarah , Arnaoutakis Konstantinos , Giuliani Meredith , Im Annie , Kozlik Mary May Priscilla , Crist Stephanie T.S. , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Kamal Arif 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE: In the first decade of this millennium, ASCO pioneered a quality measurement tool, the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI). Despite an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirement since 2012 for oncology fellows to participate in quality improvement (QI) projects, the uptake of QOPI remains modest. METHODS: This study examined reasons for low QOPI participation by surveying participating and nonparticipating HemOnc Fellowship Programs. The survey elicited views toward QI and QOPI as well as ideas about making the program more helpful. RESULTS: Among 69 fellowship programs, only 39% (n = 27) participated in QOPI. Other findings were that (1) the majority of programs considered their fellows' QI projects beneficial but were not fulfilling the ACGME standard for all fellows' QI participation; (2) nonparticipating programs were unfamiliar with but interested in QOPI; (3) participating programs tended to view QI as easier to conduct and more beneficial than nonparticipating programs; and (4) programs that withdrew from QOPI and participating programs alike were dissatisfied with the educational benefit and data abstraction burden for fellows. CONCLUSION: Academic oncology programs generally valued QI but many have not fully engaged in it. Fellows in programs participating in QOPI may have had less difficulty conducting QI and their projects may have been more beneficial than that of nonparticipating programs. However, perceived lack of educational benefits for fellows and the burden of manual data abstraction from the electronic medical record are impediments to satisfaction with the program. Higher faculty involvement and longitudinal reports for each fellow may significantly increase participation.
Dynamic behavior and driving region of thermoacoustic combustion oscillations in a swirl-stabilized turbulent combustor
Authors: Asami Kazuki , Kawada Takeshi , Kishiya Sena , Gotoda Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We attempt to identify the driving region of combustion oscillations by methodologies based on symbolic dynamics, synchronization, and complex networks. As the equivalence ratio is increased, the dynamic behavior of pressure fluctuations transitions from a stable combustion state to high-amplitude combustion oscillations via type-II intermittent combustion oscillations and the subsequent low-amplitude combustion oscillations. Rayleigh index-based transition network entropy is a useful indicator for determining the driving region of low-amplitude combustion oscillations. We clearly observe that a critical slowing down begins to appear in the combustion state close to the formation region of type-II intermittent combustion oscillations with temporally increasing equivalence ratio.
Changes in Sex Steroids and Relation With Menopausal Complaints in Women Undergoing Risk-reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy
Authors: van Winden Lennart J , Vermeulen Ravi F M , van den Noort Vincent , Gaarenstroom Katja N , Kenter Gemma G , Brood-van Zanten Monique M A , Korse Catharina M , van Beurden Marc , van Rossum Huub H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is performed in BRCA1 or 2 mutant carriers to minimize ovarian cancer risk. Although studies have been performed investigating sex steroid levels, menopausal complaints, and sexual functioning in relation to RRSO, their exact relationship remains unknown.

Objectives
To investigate the impact of RRSO on serum sex steroid levels and their association with menopausal complaints and sexual functioning.

Methods
This prospective observational cohort study included 57 premenopausal and 37 postmenopausal women at risk of ovarian cancer and opting for RRSO. Data collection involved validated questionnaires on sexual functioning and menopausal complaints. Testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, and estrone levels in serum determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were obtained 1 day before, 6 weeks, and 7 months after RRSO.

Results
In premenopausal women, all 4 steroids were decreased both 6 weeks (P &lt; 0.01) and 7 months (P &lt; 0.01) after RRSO. Furthermore, in these women, decreases in estrogens were associated with a decrease in sexual functioning 7 months after RRSO (P &lt; 0.05). In postmenopausal women, only testosterone was decreased 6 weeks and 7 months (P &lt; 0.05) after RRSO, which was associated with an increase in menopausal complaints at 7 months post-RRSO (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that in premenopausal women, decreases in estrogens are related to a decrease in sexual functioning and that in postmenopausal women, testosterone is decreased after RRSO, which indicates that postmenopausal ovaries maintain some testosterone production. Furthermore, in postmenopausal women, a large decrease of testosterone was associated with more menopausal complaints, indicating that future studies investigating testosterone supplementation are warranted.
Zoomorphizing the Asterisms: Indigenous Interpretations of the Twenty-Eight Lunar Mansions in the History of China
Authors: Kim Soyeon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The twenty-eight lunar mansions, one of the core ideas of the Chinese understanding of the celestial sphere, had been known as a guide to celestial areas and specific times dating back to antiquity. By combining with the Chinese thought of yinyang wuxing 陰陽五行, the lunar mansions became far more indigenous in character; at first, astronomical zoomorphism was not common in Han cosmology, but it became more so through this process of indigenization and standardization, especially from around the eleventh century. This period can be described as a major turning point in the historiography of the lunar mansions in China in that a complete iconography consisting of relatively familiar animals, instead of sacred imaginary beasts, appeared in many textual and visual materials (especially Daoist examples). Starting in the Yuan period, this zoomorphic iconography also appeared on official ceremonial flags unrelated to divination or astronomy. This may suggest changing Chinese attitudes toward the lunar mansions. The wish to control a wild but redoubtable nature may have bestowed a particular secular terrestrial significance on celestial bodies.
T'aengniji by Yi Chunghwan (1690–1756?): Land and Politics
Authors: Chesnokova Nataliya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines T'aengniji (1751) by Yi Chunghwan (1690–1756?) in three different historical periods: late Chosǒn, the beginning of the 1910s, and the 1970s. These three stages were selected to compare how changes in Korean politics were reflected in the understanding of the book and in the understanding of the idea of sojunghwa 小中華, or Korea as “Little China,” in particular. These stages also depict the popularization of T'aengniji from its completion by Yi Chunghwan in manuscript form to its printing by Ch'oe Namsǒn (1890–1957) in 1912 and the first translations into Korean during Pak Chǒnghŭi's presidency (1963–79). A comparison of different T'aengniji manuscripts with the printed version by Ch'oe Namsǒn shows that the devotion to the Ming dynasty emphasized by Yi Chunghwan vanished in the beginning of the twentieth century under the pressure of the strong influence of social Darwinist ideas. The version by Ch'oe Namsǒn was used for the first translations from hanmun (Literary Sinitic) into modern Korean, thus changing the original meaning of many phrases. On the other hand, a Korea-centered T'aengniji that emphasized the importance of Korean history, geography, and culture contributed to the building of modern Korean ethnicity. Analysis of the same description of Mount Paektu in Yi Chunghwan's T'aengniji and Ch'oe Namsǒn's T'aengniji shows how one piece of information was read differently by different readers. Depending on the historical period when the book was read and the dominant political course of the time, the Korean Peninsula depicted in T'aengniji was either Confucian and sadae compliant or prosperous, strong, and autonomous.
Social and Literary Function of the Gift Exchange Narrative inJin Ping Mei
Authors: Han Ruihui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGift exchange is necessary to maintain guanxi, a ubiquitous system of social networks in China, which has drawn little academic attention in Chinese literary criticism. The narrative of gift exchange for guanxi permeates Jin Ping Mei. Through gift exchange, the central character, Ximen Qing, achieved his fortune and success. This article sets out to discuss the social and literary function of gift exchange narratives in terms of plot and characterization from the perspective of guanxi. It argues that the necessary asymmetry in gift exchange, as a part of guanxi, propels narrative development, creates suspense that arouses the reader's curiosity, and leads narrative coherence. Without direct psychologizing of characters' minds, the narrative of gift exchange offers glimpses into the inner worlds of the characters by combining an instrumental purpose and sentimental means.
Unveiling a novel serpinB2-tripeptidyl peptidase II signaling axis during senescence
Authors: Liao Chia-Li , Hu Rong-Chi , Liao Min-Shiang , Chen Yi-Ju , Chen Ya-Ping , Hsieh Hsi-Hsien , Tai Chih-Hsuan , Chou Tzyy-Chao , Chu Chi-Yuan , Chen Yu-Ju , Lo Lee-Chiang , Lin Jing-Jer 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII or TPP2) degrades N-terminal tripeptides from proteins and peptides. Studies in both humans and mice have shown that TPPII deficiency is linked to cellular immune-senescence, lifespan regulation and the aging process. However, the mechanism of how TPPII participates in these processes is less clear. In this study, we established a chemical probe-based assay and found that although the mRNA and protein levels of TPPII were not altered during senescence, its enzymatic activity was reduced in senescent human fibroblasts. We also showed that elevation of the levels of the serine protease inhibitor serpinB2 reduced TPPII activity in senescent cells. Moreover, suppression of TPPII led to elevation in the amount of lysosomal contents as in well as TPPI (TPP1) and β-galactosidase activities, suggesting that lysosome biogenesis is induced to compensate for the reduction of TPPII activity in senescent cells. Together, this study discloses a critical role of the serpinB2-TPPII signaling pathway in proteostasis during senescence. Since serpinB2 levels can be increased by a variety of cellular stresses, reduction of TPPII activity through activation of serpinB2 might represent a common pathway for cells to respond to different stress conditions.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Nationwide Validation of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM Staging System and Five Proposed Modifications for Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Schouten Thijs J. , Daamen Lois A. , Dorland Galina , van Roessel Stijn R. , Groot Vincent P. , Besselink Marc G. , Bonsing Bert A. , Bosscha Koop , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Busch Olivier R. , van Dam Ronald M. , Fariña Sarasqueta Arantza , Festen Sebastiaan , Groot Koerkamp Bas , van der Harst Erwin , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Intven Martijn , Kazemier Geert , de Meijer Vincent E. , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B. , Raicu G. Mihaela , Roos Daphne , Schreinemakers Jennifer M. J. , Stommel Martijn W. J. , van Velthuysen M. F. , Verdonk Robert C. , Verheij Joanne , Verkooijen Helena M. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Molenaar I. Quintus ,   The Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The prognostic value of four proposed modifications to the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system has yet to be evaluated. This study aimed to validate five proposed modifications.

Methods
Patients who underwent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection (2014–2016), as registered in the prospective Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Audit, were included. Stratification and prognostication of TNM staging systems were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox proportional hazard analyses, and C-indices. A new modification was composed based on overall survival (OS).

Results
Overall, 750 patients with a median OS of 18 months (interquartile range 10–32) were included. The 8th edition had an increased discriminative ability compared with the 7th edition {C-index 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.61) vs. 0.56 (95% CI 0.54–0.58)}. Although the 8th edition showed a stepwise decrease in OS with increasing stage, no differences could be demonstrated between all substages; stage IIA vs. IB (hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% CI 0.80–2.09; p = 0.29) and stage IIB vs. IIA (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.75–1.83; p = 0.48). The four modifications showed comparable prognostic accuracy (C-index 0.59–0.60); however, OS did not differ between all modified TNM stages (ns). The new modification, migrating T3N1 patients to stage III, showed a C-index of 0.59, but did detect significant survival differences between all TNM stages (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The 8th TNM staging system still lacks prognostic value for some categories of patients, which was not clearly improved by four previously proposed modifications. The modification suggested in this study allows for better prognostication in patients with all stages of disease.