bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Land Use/Land Cover Changes in the Lesser Zab River Catchment/Iraq through CA-Markov Synergy Model
Authors: Mahdi Zahra A. , Mohammed Ruqayah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Land use/land cover is one of the utmost dynamic constituents of the atmosphere that has been altering abnormally from the time after the industrial revolution at different measures. A good understanding of the drive and strength of environments needs regular monitoring and quantifying for land use/land cover alterations. The current research targets to predict the prospect of land use/land cover (LU/LC) alterations; for the Lesser Zab catchment in the Northern part of Iraq, applying the synergy Cellular Automata-Markov simulation. The Maximum Likelihood method classified three sequential years of Landsat images (1999, 2010, and 2021). Then, three LU/LC images, with numerous class classifications, were created, and an alteration identification examination; was performed. With the categorized (1999–2010) and (2010–2021) LU/LC maps in the hybrid model, the corresponded LU/LC maps; for 2021 and 2041; were modelled, and the classified 2021 LU/LC maps; were considered to validate the model output 2021. In that order, agreement accuracy between the classified and the modelled images was Kno = 0.864, Klocation = 0.854, and Kstandard = 0.785. Prospect likelihoods validate that between 2021 and 2041, the urban area would rise by 78% (from 1118 to 5200 km2). However, bare lands/light, agricultural lands, water bodies, bare lands/dark, and forest lands would decrease by 3% (from 6983 to 6736 km2), 12% (from 7992 to 7036 km2), 15% (from 141.03 to 119.86 km2), 30% (from 7 to 4 km2), and 76% (from 3810 to 904 km2), correspondingly. This study’s conclusions are priceless for policymakers, urban managers, and ecological researchers.
HelixFold-Single: MSA-free Protein Structure Prediction by Using Protein Language Model as an Alternative
Authors: Fang Xiaomin , Wang Fan , Liu Lihang , He Jingzhou , Lin Dayong , Xiang Yingfei , Zhang Xiaonan , Wu Hua , Li Hui , Song Le 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
AI-based protein structure prediction pipelines, such as AlphaFold2, have achieved near-experimental accuracy. These advanced pipelines mainly rely on Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) as inputs to learn the co-evolution information from the homologous sequences. Nonetheless, searching MSAs from protein databases is time-consuming, usually taking dozens of minutes. Consequently, we attempt to explore the limits of fast protein structure prediction by using only primary sequences of proteins. HelixFold-Single is proposed to combine a large-scale protein language model with the superior geometric learning capability of AlphaFold2. Our proposed method, HelixFold-Single, first pre-trains a large-scale protein language model (PLM) with thousands of millions of primary sequences utilizing the self-supervised learning paradigm, which will be used as an alternative to MSAs for learning the co-evolution information. Then, by combining the pre-trained PLM and the essential components of AlphaFold2, we obtain an end-to-end differentiable model to predict the 3D coordinates of atoms from only the primary sequence. HelixFold-Single is validated in datasets CASP14 and CAMEO, achieving competitive accuracy with the MSA-based methods on the targets with large homologous families. Furthermore, HelixFold-Single consumes much less time than the mainstream pipelines for protein structure prediction, demonstrating its potential in tasks requiring many predictions. The code of HelixFold-Single is available at https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleHelix/tree/dev/apps/protein_folding/helixfold-single, and we also provide stable web services on https://paddlehelix.baidu.com/app/drug/protein-single/forecast.
“I did not need anything else to make me feel bad”: The precarious paradox of Breast Cancer Survivors’ adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy
Authors: Sheppard Vanessa , Namoos Asmaa , Bonny Morris , Arnethea Sutton , Megan Edmonds , Bastaich Dustin , Cummings Yvonne , Wells Matthew , De Mendoza Alejandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) is a critical problem in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). More than half of women discontinue AET prior to the end of the recommended 5-year course of therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of engaging women in research who prematurely discontinued AET and to describe their experiences with AET to inform future interventions.
Methods
A mixed-methods pilot study was nested within a larger observational trial of women with HR + BC (N = 594). Women who discontinued therapy were systematically identified over 24 months; quantitative surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted. Paired t-tests were used to compare the mean difference in psychosocial factors and medication-related symptoms between baseline and discontinuation time-points. In-depth open-ended interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the NVivo software program.
Results
Most women (90%) who discontinued AET during the observational period participated in the study (N = 37). Women’s ages ranged from 46 to 78 years old (m = 60.1); 62.2% were White, 29.7% were Black and the remaining women identified as being from other racial/ethnic groups. Few differences were noted between women who did and did not discontinue AET. Most women (84%) reported AET-side effects as a reason for discontinuation. Among those who discontinued, the reported vasomotor symptoms were lower at discontinuation compared to the first symptom assessment (P = 0.0047). Qualitative data suggested frustration with strategies to address symptoms, being unprepared for the intensity of symptoms, and a desire for better patient-provider communication. 69.2% of women reported that would be willing to consider restarting AET if barriers were removed.
Conclusion
Most women were willing to restart AET. Capturing women’s experiences while on treatment and their discontinuation in real-time may help women prevent discontinuation, enhance the quality of life and prevent worsening of medication-related symptoms. Interventions that integrate patients’ concerns with symptom management and enhance patient-physician communication may support AET adherence.
SENP2 restrains the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Yang Tsan-Tzu , Chiang Ming-Feng , Chang Che-Chang , Yang Shii-Yi , Shih Hsiu-Ming , Hsu Wei , Lin Kuo-I 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms contributing to the regulation of Th17-mediated inflammation remain underexplored. We here report a SUMO-specific protease (SENP)2-mediated pathway induced in pathogenic Th17 cells that restricts the pathogenesis of inflammatory colitis. SENP2 regulates the maturation of small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) and recycles SUMO from the substrate proteins. We found higher levels of SENP2 in pathogenic Th17 cells. By deleting Senp2 during T-cell development or in mature Th17 cells in mice, we demonstrated that the lack of Senp2 exacerbates the severity of experimental colitis, which is linked to elevated levels of GM-CSF+IL-17A+ pathogenic Th17 cells and more severe dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated the cell-autonomous effect of Senp2 in restraining Th17 differentiation and colitis. The enzymatic activity of SENP2 is important for deSUMOylation of Smad4, which prevents Smad4 nuclear entry and Rorc expression. Our findings reveal a SENP2-mediated regulatory axis in the pathogenicity of Th17 cells.
Sperm in the implantation-stage blastocyst: Is it a check point of embryo quality?
Authors: Huppertz Berthold , Sengupta Jayasree , Kroneis Thomas , Boddy Amy , Roy Rahul , Sarkar Anish , Sarkar Deepayan , Ghosh Debabrata 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The early human embryo derived from fusion of an oocyte with a single sperm undergoes growth and differentiation and results in an implantation-ready blastocyst. To initiate implantation, the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida, thus making it accessible to external inputs. Our modelling of sperm distribution through the uterus indicates that 200–5000 sperms following natural coitus during mid-luteal phase are in a position of reaching the implantation-stage blastocyst in the maternal uterus. We indeed have ultrastructural evidence of sperm cells intruding into the trophectoderm cells of uterine zona-free blastocysts obtained from rhesus monkeys. The question arises whether the negotiation between additional sperm and azonal blastocyst is a feature of evolution yielding adaptation processes influencing the developmental fate of an individual embryo or a neutral by-product in placental mammals. This process potentially bears implications in pregnancy success, sperm competition, and human health.
PERK/NF-κb pathway mediates TMAO aggravating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in ox-LDL -induced THP-1cells
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Yu Xiaochen , Luo Zhisheng , Wang Mingxue , Wang Wenxiao , Guan Xiuru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: By associated with inflammation intraplaque, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and has been identified as the independent predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the underlying mechanism is yet unclarity. Accumulating studies have established the critical role of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mediating intraplaque inflammation and plaque progression. Here, we discussed the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in aggravating ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation response to TMAO and its potential mechanism.
Results: Our results showed that TMAO enhanced ox-LDL-induced inflammation in THP-1cells. Adding to TMAO remarkably upregulated the expression or mRNA level of NLRP3, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1(caspase-1) p20 and Apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC) and enhanced the activity of caspase-1. An NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) reversed the promoting effect of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by TMAO and subsequently macrophage inflammation. Significantly, TMAO also boosted the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway in ox-LDL-induced cells, manifested as the increasing expression of p-NF-κB, Bip and phosphorylated protein kinase R-like ER kinase (p-PERK). Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by TMAO was reversed by the ERS inhibitor 4-PBA or the NF-κB phosphorylation inhibitor JSH-23. Meanwhile, 4-PBA further inhibited the NF-κB phosphorylation and alleviated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Conclusions: We concluded that TMAO exacerbates ox-LDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasomes activation and subsequently interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1b release in THP-1 macrophages, which partly regulated by the activating of the PERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
DQ-axis Modelling and Field Oriented Control of Hybrid Flux Motor
Authors: Boomiraja Balaganesh , Kanagaraj Ragavan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a prototype of three phase hybrid flux motor (HFM) with a power rating of 1.2 kW that validates the concept of hybrid flux topology (combining longitudinal and transverse flux topologies). Conventional dq-axis model of three phase electric motor is based on rotating magnetic fields, which cannot be applied to the HFM due to its pulsating magnetic field. In this work, a dq-axis model is derived for HFM that can be applied to any pulsating magnetic field motors. With the developed dq-axis model, a field oriented control (FOC) is simulated for the HFM. This simulation details the design, tuning, and stability of PI controller using step response, root locus, and Bode plot. A step-by-step process of experimental implementation of FOC is elaborately discussed in this article, which will be of interest to engineers working on motor control. Based on the FOC developed, a load test is performed on the HFM and compared to the finite element analysis results. Laser cutting is used in the fabrication of the HFM prototype to make stator and rotor core laminations. This paper explores the effect of laser cutting on the performance of HFM prototype.
Do the species with large geographic ranges diversify faster?
Authors: Smycka Jan , Toszogyova Anna , Storch David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Range size is a universal characteristic of every biological species, and is often assumed to determine diversification rate. However, the relationship between range size and past and future diversification of species remains elusive. On one hand, there are strong theoretical arguments that large-ranged species should have higher rates of diversification. On the other hand, the observation that small-ranged species are often phylogenetically clustered and form spatially localized diversity hotspots indicates high diversification of small-ranged species. We use a cladogenetic state-dependent diversification model applied to mammals to show that in general, small-ranged species indeed diversify slower, as theoretically expected. However, this pattern is reversed in many mammalian taxa. The ancestral state reconstructions suggest that both range size evolution and diversification are strongly influenced by idiosyncratic and spatially localized events, such as colonization of an archipelago or a mountain system, which often overdrive the general pattern of range size evolution.
Order-disorder Peierls instability in the kagome metal (Cs,Rb)V3Sb5
Authors: Subires David , Korshunov Artem , Said Ayman , Sanchez Lorea , Ortiz Brenden , Wilson Stephen , Bosak Alexei , Blanco-Canosa Santiago 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The nature of the charge density wave phases in the kagome metal compound AV3Sb5 has raised many questions and their origin is still under debate. Here, we combine diffuse scattering (DS) and inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) to identify a 3-dimensional (3D) precursor of the charge order with propagation vector (0.5 0 0.5), which condenses into a 3D-CDW through a first order phase transition. The quasi-elastic critical scattering indicates that the dominant contribution to the diffuse precursor is the elastic central peak without phonon softening. However, the inelastic spectra show a small broadening of the Einstein-type phonon mode on approaching the phase transition. Our results point to the situation where the Fermi surface instability at the L point is of order-disorder type with a critical growth of quasi-static domains. The results go beyond the classical weak-coupling Peierls transition dynamics and are discussed within models including strong-electron phonon coupling and non-adiabaticity.
Efficient Purification and Characterization of Phycoerythrin from Caspian Sea Red Macroalgae (Osmundea caspica)
Authors: Eshaghzadeh Hamid , Shahbazi Maryam , Akhavan Sobhan Rana , Pereira Leonel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phycoerythrin (red pigment) (PE) is a naturally occurring colorant with excellent fluorescent and antioxidant properties that has a wide range of applications. More studies are needed, however, to improve the purification yield and chemical properties of PE. This study aimed to compare the use of different purification methods, which are activated charcoal (AC), ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP), or anion-exchange chromatography (IE) alone and a combination of AC, ASP, and IE, for PE extraction from the Caspian Sea red macroalgae (Osmundea caspica). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for preliminary purification, with the independent variables being activated charcoal content (0.1–1% w/v) and stirring time (2–10 min). With an AC content of 0.4% and a stirring time of 2 min, PE purity and concentration were optimized. The predicted values from the equations agreed well with the experimental values, demonstrating the model's robustness. A three-step increase in the ionic strength of IE was also evaluated at three different treatments (PECE, PECE + AC + IE, and ASP + IE). The highest PE purity and lowest Fluorescence intensity (FI) and Antioxidant activity (AA) were obtained in the fraction of AE-200 (second fraction) with an index of 2.8 and a recovery yield of 48% in ASP + IE, whereas an index purity of 2 and the highest recovery yield of 67% were obtained using PECE + AC + IE.
Unsafe premarital sexual practice and associated factors among youth in Gambella, Western Ethiopia: With a mixed method
Authors: Demilew Demeke , Demilew Ashebir , Salelew Endalamaw , Lemma Alemu , Tesfaye Bizuneh , Yigzaw Niguse , Asrat Biksegn , zemene wondwossen , Mirkena Yohannes , Kerbih Habtamu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
According to USAIDs in 2016 report globally, there are an estimated 36.7 million people living with HIV and 1.8 million became newly infected with the virus while 1 million lost their lives because of HIV. Unsafe premarital sexual practice is the major factors that contribute the transmission of HIV/AIDS throughout the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of unsafe premarital sexual practice and associated factors among youth.
Methods
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018 G.C at Gambella Peoples’ National Regional State. A sample of 151 youth of age between 15–24 from three kebeles, 9 elders and 8 officers were taken for the study using simple random sampling and purposive sampling technique. It was analyzed by using simple statistical techniques and chi-square and logistic regression.
Results
The results of this study indicated that 100% of the respondents were found with unsafe premarital sexual practice. They started practicing sex with the minimum age 10 and maximum age of 19. Having multiple sexual partners and the elders’ encouragement of the tradition had shown high positive relationship and has effected on the prevalence rate of STDs.
Conclusion
Prevalence of unsafe premarital sexual practice was relatively high and it has positive association with transmission of HIV. Therefore, it is better to be designed appropriate interventions and working together with deferent stakeholders for the implementation of the intervention and as well as to reduce the transmission rate.
Novel nomogram developed for determining suitability of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients to receive maximum benefit from radium-223 dichloride treatment – Japanese Ra-223 Therapy in Prostate Cancer using Bone Scan Index (J-RAP-BSI) Trial
Authors: Kitajima Kazuhiro , Igeta Masataka , Kuyama Junpei , Kawahara Takashi , Suga Tsuyoshi , Otani Tomoaki , Sugawara Shigeyasu , Kono Yumiko , Tamaki Yukihisa , Seko-Nitta Ayumi , Ishiwata Yoshinobu , Ito Kimiteru , Toriihara Akira , Watanabe Shiro , Hosono Makoto , Miyake Hideaki , Yamamoto Shingo , Narita Mitsuhiro , Daimon Takashi , Yamakado Koichiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To develop a novel nomogram for determining radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) treatment suitability for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients.
Methods: This Japanese Ra-223 Therapy in Prostate Cancer using Bone Scan Index (J-RAP-BSI) Trial was a retrospective multicenter investigation enrolled 258 mCRPC patients in Japan with Ra-223 treatment at 14 hospitals between June 2016 and August 2020, with bone scintigraphy findings before treatment, clinical data, and survival outcome available. A nomogram was constructed using prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) based on a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model.
Results: Within median 17.4 months after initial Ra-223 treatment, 124 patients (48.1%) died from prostate cancer. Predictive factors included (1) sum of prior treatment history (score 0, never prior new hormone therapy, never prior chemotherapy, and ever prior bisphosphonate/denosumab treatment), (2) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, (3) prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT), (4) hemoglobin, (5) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and (6) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and (7) automated bone scan index (aBSI) value based on bone scintigraphy. The nomogram using those factors showed good discrimination, with apparent and optimism-corrected Harrell's concordance index values of 0.748 and 0.734, respectively. Time-dependent area under the curve values at one, two, and three years were 0.771, 0.818, and 0.771, respectively. A two-year survival calibration plot indicated consistent predicted and observed values without large discrepancy.
Conclusion: This novel nomogram including aBSI to select mCRPC patients to receive Ra-223 with significantly prolonged OS possibility was found suitable for assisting therapeutic decision making.
Trehalose-6-phosphate: Biosynthesis, plant metabolism, and crop yields
Authors: Abdi Gholamreza , Wahab Abdul , Khurram M. Faizan , Riaz Rimsha , Akram Muhammad Salman , Wani Ab Waheed , Kazmi Abeer , Rasool Aamir , Muhammad Murad , Rahimi Mehdi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Trehalose is a stress-response disaccharide commonly found in yeasts, bacteria, plants, and invertebrates. In plants, its purpose is uncertain, but some studies suggest it protects against abiotic stressors like chilling, heat, drought, and salinity. It is an osmoprotectant and a stabilizing agent for higher animals and plants. Some trehalose metabolism mutants show growth abnormalities, which could compromise plant physiology. Biotic stress causes contradictory results as well. It is also crucial for pathogen infectivity and plant defensive response. In our opinion, trehalose should not be considered only as a defensive sugar but rather as a molecule with two identities. It is an exceptional molecule that maintains the plant's vigor despite severe environmental conditions. Arabidopsis plants have been used to treat Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. There's no doubt that what we have just learned about this disaccharide will take us down many roads we've never been down before.
A fatal case of monkeypox virus infection from Kerala India 2022
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Vasu Meenakshy , Abubaker Fazil , Sahay Rima R. , Reghukumar Aravind , Krishnan Anukumar Bala , Prabha Kavya , Papu Asha Konipparambil , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi Geetha , Mundangalam Nizamuddin , Siddiq Aboobaker , Patil Deepak Y. , Shete Anita M. , Abraham Priya , Prasad Anoop Rajendra , TK Anoop , Karunakaran Kavya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Monkeypox deaths have been rarely reported across the globe. A total of 19 fatalities have been reported globally from endemic and non-endemic countries in 2022. The current outbreak of Monkeypox had been largely limited to the community of men who have sex with men primarily with multiple bisexual or homosexual partners. The vast majority of the cases infected with Monkeypox had recovered and the complications like sepsis and encephalitis had been reported in the immunocompromised individuals. The mortality in Brazil and Mexico were primarily in the immunocompromised individuals, while in Spain the fatal cases were immunocompetent with no underlying conditions. To date, India had recorded 12 cases of Monkeypox infection from Kerala (n=5) and New Delhi (n=7). Here, we report the first fatal case of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection imported from UAE to Kerala, India in July 2022. A 22-year-old apparently immunocompetent male with no significant past medical history was admitted in an unconscious state to a private hospital in Kerala following a single episode of acute onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The clinical features, MRI findings, CSF picture, and EEG findings of this case suggest encephalitis. Only the case's oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs (OPS/NPS) were found to be positive for MPXV. The next generation sequencing on OPS/NPS specimen could retrieve 92.76% of the MPXV genome and belonged to A.2 lineage of clade IIb as observed in the other confirmed Monkeypox cases from India.