bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Improvement of Processing Parameters of a Copper‐Filled Polymer Filament in Fused Filament Fabrication as a Basis for the Fabrication of Low‐Porosity Metal Parts
Authors: Moritzer Elmar , Elsner Christian Lennart 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividualized and complex additively manufactured metal components are increasingly used in an industrial environment. One possibility to manufacture such metal components is the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Here, a metal powder‐filled polymer filament is processed (green part). For the realization of purely metallic components, the FFF‐manufactured components are subjected to a post‐process, which corresponds to the metal injection molding (MIM) process chain. In a first step, the polymer binder contained in the components is removed (brown part). Afterwards, the metal particles are sintered (white part). For the production of high‐quality components, the porosity of the components must be considered. Essentially, the porosity of the components results from the characteristic FFF structure caused by the deposition of single strands. This has a direct influence on the porosity of the white parts and accordingly on the resulting part properties. Within this study, a filament consisting of copper particles and a polymer binder matrix of polylactide acid (PLA) is used. This filament offers the possibility to produce complex, thermally conductive, and electrically conductive components. During the examinations, the influence of the FFF‐specific process parameters on the manufactured green parts is investigated. For this purpose, the stationary and non‐stationary extrusion areas will be considered. The aim is to achieve a homogeneous strand geometry and, thus, the highest possible part density. This should lead to the reliable processing of copper‐filled polymer filaments in FFF and provide a good basis for the production of pure copper components.
Vibrational Properties of (8,8) and (10,10) SWCNTs before and after Albumin Fragment Adsorption: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Raffaini Giuseppina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have received great attention for their mechanical, electronic properties, and possible interesting technological applications. Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a sensitive tool for studying the vibrational properties of carbon nanotubes. The frequency of the radial breathing mode (RBM) in the region of 100–350 cm–1 is found to be inversely proportional to the diameter of the nanotube. Using Molecular Mechanics (MM) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods conformational and vibrational properties of pure armchair SWCNTs having different diameters and the (10,10) NT after adsorption of an albumin fragment are studied. The distances between carbon atoms in the central part of the nanotube cavity change during MD run at constant temperature (T = 300 K), and the frequencies of this periodic motion are calculated. The conformational and vibrational properties of armchair (10,10) and (8,8) SWCNT, having the diameter equal to 13.56 and 10.85 Å respectively, are here reported. The distances between carbon atoms from opposite sites in the central cavity of the nanotube are calculated during MD runs. Interestingly, for the (10,10) SWCNT the frequency of Raman vibrational mode E2g around 17 cm–1 is correctly calculated. The frequency of motion due to this motion increases with a decreasing curvature of the armchair CNT. After the adsorption process of an albumin fragment on the (10,10) NT, lower frequencies of motion and lower intensities are calculated. This theoretical work can useful to study possible periodic motion in pure nanomaterials or when they interact with protein fragments, water, or molecules.
Thermal and Morphological Analysis of Hydrolytic Degradation of Prickly Pear Seed Enhanced Polyhydroxy (butyrate‐co‐valerate) Biocomposite
Authors: Bellache Rebiha , Hammiche Dalila , Boukerrou Amar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydrolytic degradation and the thermal behavior of the poly‐hydroxy (butyrate‐covalerate) reinforced with prickly pear seed fibers (PPS) are investigated in the seawater and distilled water. The thermal analysis of samples before and after degradation is performed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the presence of the PPS fiber in the PHBV matrix reduces the onset decomposition temperature and fasts hydrolytic degradation, especially in seawater. The morphology of the samples before and after hydrolytic degradation is performed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). PHBV/PPS biocomposite immersed in seawater showed cavities, which confirms degradation.
Influence of Deacetylation Degree of Chitosan on the Anticorrosive Properties of Carbon Steel Coatings
Authors: Maior Ioana , Cojocaru Anca , Ciobotaru Ioana‐Alina , Văireanu Dănuţ‐Ionel , Badea Gabriela‐Elena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study outlines the improvement on anticorrosion behavior of chitosan‐based sol‐gel coatings on carbon steel surface obtained for high deacetylation degree values of this natural biopolymer. Important economic losses in major industries represent a problem due to corrosion of metals in aggressive medium, such as carbon steel, which is widely used due to its hardness, durability, ductility, low cost, handiness. Therefore, non‐toxic, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly strategies are needed to protect metallic surface of steel. Against this background, the anticorrosion coating performance of chitosan, from three different commercial sources, as a single component, on carbon steel in chloride solutions is investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The present study is performed to evaluate the corrosion protective abilities of chitosan in order to determine the relationship with its deacetylation degree (DDA), evaluated by potentiometric titration, a simple and reliable method. Depending on the DDA, the experimental results indicate that there is a remarkable difference between different chitosan samples regarding the value of the charge transfer resistance of coating on steel.
FE Model for Bird Strike Simulation on ARALL Leading Edge
Authors: De Luca Alessandro , Perfetto Donato , Caputo Francesco , Lamanna Giuseppe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the development of a finite element (FE) model for the simulation of a bird strike event on an innovative leading edge made of ARALL (ARamid ALuminum Laminate) material. To assess the reliability of the FE analyses, a preliminary model is developed aiming to simulate a tensile test, according to literature, involving ARALL specimens. Such model provides a good level of accuracy. So, the same modeling technique has been used for the bird strike simulation. Finally, the structural response of the ARALL leading edge has been compared against a conventional Aluminum one. Such a comparison has highlighted the capability of ARALL material in withstanding bird strike events with an improved performance.
Study on Noise Reduction for Drone Polymeric Propellers
Authors: Mandoc Andrei , Dragan Valeriu , Tanase Radu , Opran Constantin Gheorghe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrone noise remains one of the most important aspects, hindering their use in urban areas. Characterizing and minimizing it is the focus of this study. Although a preliminary Computational Fluid Dynamics study has been conducted, the bulk of the work presented is experimental. To that effect, a variation of the baseline propeller is put forth and tested using a tailored workbench inside an anechoic chamber. The acoustic spectra comparison as well as the Overall Sound Pressure Level, shows that the concept does offer some improvement, however more development work will be necessary in order to mature it into a higher technology readiness level. It is envisioned that this work will pave the way to less intrusive yet efficient propellers for use in drone‐scale applications for densely populated areas where noise pollution is a concern.
Risk‐Based Decision System for Reducing Random Events in the Plastics Industry
Authors: Vulpes Tiberiu Cristian , Opran Constantin Gheorghe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the recent years, many industries have been affected by serious accidents that have resulted in loss of human lives and caused major impacts on the environment, but also significant damage to corporates’ budget and reputation. To prevent such undesirable consequences, the international community has regulated safety risk management standards which can be included in the Environmental, Social, and Governance contributions for sustainable growth.The aim of this paper is to describe a risk‐based system developed in a software environment, in accordance with the European Green Deal requirements and the international commitments under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which can facilitate the management of proactive actions for climate change mitigation and can lead to the as‐low‐as‐reasonably‐practicable level of sustainability risks exposure in the plastics industry.
Evaluation and Characterization of Randomly Oriented Alfa Fibers Reinforced Epoxy‐Amine Composites
Authors: Belhadj Ouerdia , Hammiche Dalila , Boukerrou Amar , Gérard Jean‐François , Duchet‐Rumeau Jannick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this research is to examine the effect of various fiber content and alkali treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of alfa fiber reinforced epoxy‐amine matrix‐based composites. The fibers are treated with 5% of sodium hydroxide solution and their weight fraction is varied between 10% and 30%. The flexural test is carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of composites and the results show that all composites exhibit higher mechanical properties than the neat epoxy‐amine. The decline of flexural behavior of all composites with the increasing of the filler (30%) content is due probably to the random dispersion of the fibers in the epoxy resin.
Potential for Manuka honey‐inspired therapeutics to improve the host–biomaterial response
Authors: Main Evan N. , Bowlin Gary L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHoney has been used by a wide variety of cultures across the world and for thousands of years to prevent infection and improve wound healing. Recently, Manuka honey has been demonstrated to be a potent antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory therapeutic and has been incorporated into an array of wound dressings, as well as being ingested for its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Burgeoning investigation into Manuka honey's potential as a biomaterial additive has shown promising results in reducing acute inflammatory behavior from neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in the body, and the potent drivers of the initial immune response to implanted biomaterials. This paper discusses the most abundant antioxidant chemicals found in Manuka honey and explains their contribution to the anti‐inflammatory and prowound resolution effects seen by Manuka honey therapeutics. This paper also examines the benefits and drawbacks to current Manuka honey therapies and provides future potential uses for Manuka honey‐inspired therapeutics that could greatly benefit host–biomaterial integration, reduce scar tissue development at the site of implantation, and lower discomfort to the patient caused by biomaterial implantation.
Lewy Body Disease Primate Model with α‐Synuclein Propagation from the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Sawamura Masanori , Onoe Hirotaka , Tsukada Hideo , Isa Kaoru , Yamakado Hodaka , Okuda Shinya , Ikuno Masashi , Hatanaka Yusuke , Murayama Shigeo , Uemura Norihito , Isa Tadashi , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLewy body diseases (LBDs), which are pathologically defined as the presence of intraneuronal α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) inclusions called Lewy bodies, encompass Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Autopsy studies have shown that the olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the regions where Lewy pathology develops and initiates its spread in the brain.ObjectiveThis study aims to clarify how Lewy pathology spreads from the OB and affects brain functions using nonhuman primates.MethodsWe inoculated α‐Syn preformed fibrils into the unilateral OBs of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and performed pathological analyses, manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography up to 6 months postinoculation.ResultsSevere α‐Syn pathology was observed within the olfactory pathway and limbic system, while mild α‐Syn pathology was seen in a wide range of brain regions, including the substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus, and even dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The brain imaging analyses showed reduction in volume of the OB and progressive glucose hypometabolism in widespread brain regions, including the occipital lobe, and extended beyond the pathologically affected regions.ConclusionsWe generated a novel nonhuman primate LBD model with α‐Syn propagation from the OB. This model suggests that α‐Syn propagation from the OB is related to OB atrophy and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in LBDs. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Toward the next generation of vascularized human neural organoids
Authors: Li Minghui , Gao Lixiong , Zhao Ling , Zou Ting , Xu Haiwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThanks to progress in the development of three‐dimensional (3D) culture technologies, human central nervous system (CNS) development and diseases have been gradually deciphered by using organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Selforganized neural organoids (NOs) have been used to mimic morphogenesis and functions of specific organs in vitro. Many NOs have been reproduced in vitro, such as those mimicking the human brain, retina, and spinal cord. However, NOs fail to capitulate to the maturation and complexity of in vivo neural tissues. The persistent issues with current NO cultivation protocols are inadequate oxygen supply and nutrient diffusion due to the absence of vascular networks. In vivo, the developing CNS is interpenetrated by vasculature that not only supplies oxygen and nutrients but also provides a structural template for neuronal growth. To address these deficiencies, recent studies have begun to couple NO culture with bioengineering techniques and methodologies, including genetic engineering, coculture, multidifferentiation, microfluidics and 3D bioprinting, and transplantation, which might promote NO maturation and create more functional NOs. These cutting‐edge methods could generate an ever more reliable NO model in vitro for deciphering the codes of human CNS development, disease progression, and translational application. In this review, we will summarize recent technological advances in culture strategies to generate vascularized NOs (vNOs), with a special focus on cerebral‐ and retinal‐organoid models.
Inpainting the metal artifact region in MRI images by using generative adversarial networks with gated convolution
Authors: Xie Kai , Gao Liugang , Lu Zhengda , Li Chunying , Xi Qianyi , Zhang Fan , Sun Jiawei , Lin Tao , Sui Jianfeng , Ni Xinye 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in clinical diagnosis, but it is susceptible to metal artifacts. The generative adversarial network GatedConv with gated convolution (GC) and contextual attention (CA) was used to inpaint the metal artifact region in MRI images.MethodsMRI images containing or near the teeth of 70 patients were collected, and the scanning sequence was a T1‐weighted high‐resolution isotropic volume examination sequence. A total of 10 000 slices were obtained after data enhancement, of which 8000 slices were used for training. MRI images were normalized to [−1,1]. Based on the randomly generated mask, U‐Net, pix2pix, PConv with partial convolution, and GatedConv were used to inpaint the artifact region of MRI images. The mean absolute error (MAE) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) for the mask were used to compare the results of these methods. The inpainting effect on the test dataset using dental masks was also evaluated. Besides, the artifact area of clinical MRI images was inpainted based on the mask sketched by physicians. Finally, the earring artifacts and artifacts caused by abnormal signal foci were inpainted to verify the generalization of the models.ResultsGatedConv could directly and effectively inpaint the incomplete MRI images generated by masks in the image domain. For the results of U‐Net, pix2pix, PConv, and GatedConv, the masked MAEs were 0.1638, 0.1812, 0.1688, and 0.1596, respectively, and the masked PSNRs were 18.2136, 17.5692, 18.2258, and 18.3035 dB, respectively. Using dental masks, the results of U‐Net, pix2pix, and PConv differed more from the real images in terms of alveolar shape and surrounding tissue compared with GatedConv. GatedConv could inpaint the metal artifact region in clinical MRI images more effectively than the other models, but the increase in the mask area could reduce the inpainting effect. Inpainted MRI images by GatedConv and CT images with metal artifact reduction coincided with alveolar and tissue structure, and GatedConv could successfully inpaint artifacts caused by abnormal signal foci, whereas the other models failed. The ablation study demonstrated that GC and CA increased the reliability of the inpainting performance of GatedConv.ConclusionMRI images are affected by metal, and signal void areas appear near metal. GatedConv can inpaint the MRI metal artifact region in the image domain directly and effectively and improve image quality. Medical image inpainting by GatedConv has potential value for tasks, such as positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction in PET/MRI and adaptive radiotherapy of synthetic CT based on MRI.
Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A. , Lewis Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic peripheral polyneuropathy that results in disability through immune‐mediated nerve injury, but which not uncommonly has residual and irreversible neurological deficits after the active inflammatory component of the disorder has been treated. Management of the condition entails addressing both the abnormal immune activity that drives ongoing or active deficits while also managing residual symptoms through supportive interventions. Immune‐based treatments are grounded in several important principles. First, early treatment is guided by evidence‐based, proven‐effective therapies that sequentially escalate depending on the response. Second, optimization or personalization of first‐line treatments is needed to understand the ideal dose for any given patient, and whether long‐term treatment is needed at all. Third, although many immunosuppressive agents may be utilized in nonresponding patients or when intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)/corticosteroid‐sparing intervention is desired, all are unproven and require a delicate balance between risk, cost, and unknown likelihood of benefit that is tailored to each individual patient's unique circumstances. There is no reliable disease activity biomarker that can be used to guide treatment‐‐‐a reality that makes it very challenging to optimize treatment to individual patient needs. Serial clinical assessments are key to understanding the value of continued immunotherapy or if long‐term therapy is needed at all. Regardless of the immunotherapy status of a patient, equally important is addressing residual deficits through supportive interventions, including physical therapy, adaptive equipment, pain management, and emotional support.
ROS‐scavenging and antimicrobial polysaccharide hydrogel for methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus‐infected diabetic wound healing
Authors: Liu Wenshuai , Jia Litao , Zhao Sichun , Ma Yue , Liu Siyu , Wang Qian , Lv Xiaoyan , Jiang Haiyue , Liu Xia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBacterial infection can cause delay in wound healing, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accumulated in wounds, which threaten patients’ lives. Therefore, it needs to develop a multifunctional hydrogel for infected wound healing. Here, a multifunctional QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant property, established by the self‐adaptive covalent bond, is prepared aiming to eradicate bacteria and eliminate ROS. It is observed that QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel displays remarkable ability of clearing ROS and killing bacteria in vitro. With its antibacterial and antioxidant activity, QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel significantly accelerates the MRSA‐infected wound closure and reduces inflammatory, when QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel was applied to wound sites. Collectively, the research suggests that a self‐adaptive QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel is a promising wound dressing as antibacterial and ROS‐scavenging dressing for bacterial‐infected wound.
Nelarabine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide in relapsed pediatric T‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (study T2008‐002 NECTAR)
Authors: Whitlock James A. , Malvar Jemily , Dalla‐Pozza Luciano , Goldberg John M. , Silverman Lewis B. , Ziegler David S. , Attarbaschi Andishe , Brown Patrick A. , Gardner Rebecca A. , Gaynon Paul S. , Hutchinson Raymond , Huynh Van T. , Jeha Sima , Marcus Leigh , Messinger Yoav , Schultz Kirk R. , Cassar Jeannette , Locatelli Franco , Zwaan C. Michel , Wood Brent L. , Sposto Richard , Gore Lia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChildren with relapse of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) have a dismal prognosis, largely due to difficulty attaining second remission. We hypothesized that adding etoposide and cyclophosphamide to the nucleoside analog nelarabine could improve response rates over single‐agent nelarabine for relapsed T‐ALL and T‐LBL. This phase I dose‐escalation trial's primary objective was to evaluate the dose and safety of nelarabine given in combination with etoposide at 100 mg/m2/day and cyclophosphamide at 330–400 mg/m2/day, each for 5 consecutive days in children with either T‐ALL (13 patients) or T‐LBL (10 patients). Twenty‐three patients were treated at three dose levels; 21 were evaluable for dose‐limiting toxicities (DLT) and response. The recommended phase II doses (RP2D) for this regimen, when given daily ×5 every 3 weeks, were nelarabine 650 mg/m2/day, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day, and cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2/day. DLTs included peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies. An expansion cohort to evaluate responses at the RP2D was terminated early due to slow accrual. The overall best response rate was 38% (8/21), with 33% (4/12) responses in the T‐ALL cohort and 44% (4/9) responses in the T‐LBL cohort. These response rates are comparable to those seen with single‐agent nelarabine in this setting. These data suggest that the addition of cyclophosphamide and etoposide to nelarabine does not increase the incidence of neurologic toxicities or the response rate beyond that obtained with single‐agent nelarabine in children with first relapse of T‐ALL and T‐LBL.