bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jet Makers
Authors: Bright Charles D. 
Published: April 2022

This volume presents the history of the American jet aircraft manufacturing industry from World War II to 1972, documenting the evolution of its technology and covering the intricacies of its management, economics, and relations with the government. A valuable contribution to general aviation history, it also provides a unique opportunity to study the dynamic of a major U.S. industry.Charles D. Bright traces the momentous revolution of the aerospace era from birth to maturity, using as a base the jet aircraft industry. He investigates all significant aspects: the coming-of-age of aviation during World War II, including global transportation and aerodynamics; the development of jets and missiles from the Truman era to the Vietnam War; the controlling influence of national military strategy; the U.S. Air Force and other government markets; the mechanics of government procurement—bidding, pricing, buying; difficulties in the commercial airliner business; the ordering of technology and the prevailing “design or die” philosophy; and different systems of production through the years.Special attention is given to major problems such as the industry’s need for diversification and the skyrocketing costs that threaten to make aerospace products uneconomical. The conventional economic concerns of entry into and exit from the industry are treated in depth.Bright focuses on the overall economic pattern, from the first demand for aerospace machines for military, space, and commercial uses to the failures of recent times as the industry entered recession and peacetime equilibrium. He tells of the desperate competition among giants of the industry, those companies on the frontiers of technology that manufactured fixed-wing aircraft of their own design. This is the group that bore the brunt of adaptation to the jet age: Boeing, Curtiss-Wright, Douglas, Fairchild, General Dynamics, Grumman, Lockheed, martin, McDonnell, North American Northrop, and Republic.Central to the story are the reasons for Americas leadership in the jet age: enterprising business managers, scientists, and engineers; the pressure of economics; and manifold competition brought on by economics; and manifold competition brought on by the cold war. Bright points to an industry that has responded to incredible demands and that has shown the strength to weather storms.This volume is illustrated with fifty-five photographs depicting the growth in aircraft technology from 1945 to 1972. As a unique blend of aeronautic, economic, business, and military history, it will fascinate not only those connected with aviation and the aerospace industry, but also those interested in the history of technology, business management, and government-military-business relations.The Jet Makers received Honorable Mention in the 1977 History Manuscript award competition of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
The Cattle Guard
Authors: Hoy James F. 
Published: April 2022

With this study the cattle guard joins the sod house, the windmill, and barbed wire as a symbol of range country on the American Great Plains. A U.S. folk innovation now in use throughout the world, the cattle guard functions as both a gate and a fence: it keeps livestock from crossing, but allows automobiles and people to cross freely. The author blends traditional history and folklore to trace the origins of the cattle guard and to describe how, in true folk fashion, the device in its simplest form—wooden poles or logs spaced in parallel fashion over a pit in the roadway—was reinvented and adapted throughout livestock country.Hoy traces the origins of the cattle guard to flat stone stiles unique to Cornwall, England, then through the railroad cattle guard, in use in this country as early as 1836, and finally to the Great Plains where, probably in 1905, the first ones appeared on roads. He describes regional variations in cattle guards and details unusual types. He provides information on cattle-guard makers, who range from local blacksmiths and welders to farmers and ranchers to large manufacturers.In addition to documenting the economic and cultural significance of the cattle guard, this volume reveals much about early twentieth-century farm and ranch life. It will be of interest not only to folklorists and historians of agriculture and Western America, but also to many Plains-area farmers, ranchers, and oilmen.
NATURAL DEAF EDUCATION FOR THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Nugroho Puguh Setyo , Agustinus Agustinus , William William , Siswidiyanto Eko Budi , Rohmah Nur , Faizah Zakiyatul 
Published: April 2022

Congenital deafness will impact the quality of life of affected individuals if they do not obtain early detection and intervention. Socialization of congenital deafness is needed, thereby the community can engage in early detection and intervention efforts. Socializing about the early detection and intervention of congenital deafness. Educational activities are carried out with counseling using the lecture method, discussion, and pretest and posttest. The average pretest result was 62.03 (± 11.51) and the posttest average was 88.39 (± 13.41). Based on the comparison between the pretest and posttest results, we found a significant difference (p < 0.0001) statistically. Public knowledge of congenital deafness needs to be improved in order to increase community participation in terms of early detection and intervention.
Improved Amott Cell Procedure for Predictive Modeling of Oil Recovery Dynamics from Mixed-Wet Carbonates
Authors: Kaprielova Ksenia , Yutkin Maxim , Gmira Ahmed , Ayirala Subhash , Radke Clayton , Patzek Tadeusz W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous counter-current imbibition in Amott cell experiments is a convenient laboratory method of studying oil recovery from oil-saturated rock samples in secondary or tertiary oil recovery by waterflood of adjustable composition. Classical Amott cell experiment estimates ultimate oil recovery. It is not designed, however, for studying the dynamics of oil recovery. In this work we identify a flaw in the classical Amott cell imbibition experiments that hinders the development of predictive recovery models for mixed-wet carbonates. We revise the standard Amott procedure in order to produce smoother experimental production curves, which then can be described by a mathematical model more accurately. We apply Generalized Extreme Value distribution to model the cumulative oil production. We start with the Amott imbibition experiments and scaling analysis for Indiana limestone core plugs saturated with mineral oil. The knowledge gained from this study will allow us to develop a predictive model of water-oil displacement for reservoir carbonate rock and crude oil recovery systems.
Diversities in the Place of Delivery Choice: A study among expectant Mothers in Ghana
Authors: Baba Mahama Ibrahim , Kyei Kofi Adesi , Kyei Justina Baaba , Daniels Joseph , Biney Isaac Justice Kobina , Oswald John , Tschida Patrick , Brunet Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: In this study, the factors that influence the choice of place of delivery among expectant mothers in both rural and urban settings in the northern part of Ghana were identified and compared using the conceptual framework provided by Thaddeus and Maine.Methods: A mixed-method study was used to examine expectant mothers and their responses related to factors that affect their choice of place of delivery through a concurrent triangulation using health professional interviews and a detailed participant survey. The sample consisted of 552 expectant mothers between the ages of 15 and 49 years. Individual interviews were held with 8 health professionals and a focus group discussion with randomly selected pregnant women and lactating mothers. Themes were generated through open coding of the interview data, while multiple regression was performed to identify the factors associated with choice of place of delivery, rural area.Results: Preference (60.1%) was for home delivery compared to 20.7% for urban participants.Statistically significant variables affecting the choice of place of delivery among study participants were found to be educational background, the experience of previous deliveries, the attitude of hospital staff toward pregnant women during labor, and frequency of accessing antenatal careConclusion: The study’s implications may lead to positive change where stakeholders develop and implement policies to promote health facility delivery for expectant mothers in Ghana.
Improving the efficiency of CIGS solar cells by inserting a BSF µc-Si:H layer
Authors: rafik zouache , Bouchama Idris , djedoui layachi , Zaidi Elyazid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a simulation study of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) based solar cell using 2DSILVACO Atlas simulator under AM1.5G illumination spectrum and standard temperature of 300K. The effects of CIGS absorber layer parameters such as CIGS absorber thickness, the doping and the defects concentrations are studied numerically to improve the performance of CIGS cell. The obtained efficiency of the conventional cell is 23.39% with optimal CIGS absorber layer thickness of about 5 μm. In order to improve the efficiency of the solar cells, a back surface field (BSF) based on hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon μc-Si:H(p + ) layer has been inserted between the back contact (Mo) and the CIGS absorber layer. The obtained results show that the efficiency of CIGS solar cells is increased by the insertion of μc-Si:H(p + ) BSF layer. The proposed cell was found to give an efficiency of 23.42% using only an optimal CIGS thickness of about 1.5 μm and 10 nm for μc-Si:H(p + ) BSF layer.
Clinical implication of vancomycin TDM in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer requiring mechanical ventilation: A propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaowu , Wu Yulin , Wang Donghao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin is widely recommended for clinical treatment. The purpose of this study was designed to investigate the clinical implication of vancomycin TDM in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer requiring mechanical ventilation.Methods: We included 78 patients who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. And all the patients included in this study were 18 years of age or older and were treated with intravenous vancomycin therapy for more than 2 days due to documented or suspected gram-positive bacterial infections, and have at least one available vancomycin plasma concentration. Based on whether the initial vancomycin concentration achieved the target trough concentration, the patients were divided into early and delayed groups and the clinical factors were compared between two groups.Results: The research revealed that the patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer had significantly lower initial vancomycin trough concentrations (median [IQR]: 6.90[5.28-11.20] mg/L). The duration of mechanical ventilation in early group was considerably shorter compared with delayed group (χ2=4.532; p < 0.05; Fig 2E). Propensity score weighting further confirmed that the duration of mechanical ventilation (χ2=6.607; p < 0.05; Fig 2F) and duration of vasoactive agent (χ2=6.106; p < 0.05; Fig 2D) was considerably shorter compared with delayed group. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the Cys-C was the most important variable for vancomycin target trough achievement (odds ratio, 5.274; 95% CI, 1.780 to 15.627; p=0.003)Conclusions: The serum initial trough concentration of vancomycin was significantly reduced in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Minimizing the time to initial vancomycin target trough can improve clinical outcomes in Gram-positive bacterial infections. The Cystatin C (Cys-C) level is a potentially valuable parameter for predicting the vancomycin concentration and Cys-C inclusive dosing model is warranted.
Patient characteristics, pain treatment patterns, and incidence of total joint replacement in a US population with osteoarthritis
Authors: Shinde Mayura , Rodriguez-Watson Carla , Zhang Tancy , Carrell David S. , Mendelsohn Aaron B. , Nam Young Hee , Carruth Amanda , Petronis Kenneth R. , McMahill-Walraven Cheryl N. , Jamal-Allial Aziza , Nair Vinit , Pawloski Pamala A. , Hickman Anne , Brown Mark T. , Francis Jennie , Hornbuckle Ken , Brown Jeffrey S. , Mo Jingping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Currently available medications for chronic osteoarthritis pain are only moderately effective and their use is limited in many patients because of serious adverse effects and contraindications. The primary surgical option for osteoarthritis is total joint replacement (TJR). The objectives of this study were to describe the treatment history of patients with osteoarthritis receiving prescription pain medications and/or intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and to estimate the incidence of TJR in these patients.
Methods
This retrospective, multicenter, cohort study utilized health plan administrative claims data (January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2019) of adult patients with osteoarthritis in the Innovation in Medical Evidence Development and Surveillance Distributed Database, a subset of the US FDA Sentinel Distributed Database. Patients were analyzed in two cohorts: those with prevalent use of “any pain medication” (prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opioids, and/or intra-articular corticosteroid injections) using only the first qualifying dispensing (index date); and those with prevalent use of “each specific pain medication class” with all qualifying treatment episodes identified.
Results
Among 1 992 670 prevalent users of “any pain medication”, pain medications prescribed on the index date were NSAIDs (596 624 [29.9%] patients), opioids (1 161 806 [58.3%]), and intra-articular corticosteroids (323 459 [16.2%]). Further, 92 026 patients received multiple pain medications on the index date, including 71 632 (3.6%) receiving both NSAIDs and opioids. Altogether, 20.6% of patients used an NSAID at any time following an opioid index dispensing and 17.2% used an opioid following an NSAID index dispensing. The TJR incidence rates per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 3.21 (95% CI: 3.20–3.23) in the “any pain medication” user cohort, and among those receiving “each specific pain medication class” were NSAIDs, 4.63 (95% CI: 4.58–4.67); opioids, 7.45 (95% CI: 7.40–7.49); and intra-articular corticosteroids, 8.05 (95% CI: 7.97–8.13).
Conclusions
In patients treated with prescription medications for osteoarthritis pain, opioids were more commonly prescribed at index than NSAIDs and intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Of the pain medication classes examined, the incidence of TJR was highest in patients receiving intra-articular corticosteroids and lowest in patients receiving NSAIDs.
Trial registration:
Not applicable.
Paroxysmal hemicrania in children and adolescents: a systematic review of case series and case reports
Authors: Bemanalizadeh Maryam , Mansouri Vahid , Dakkali Mohammad Sedigh , Qahremani Reihane 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background It has been so long since a child was first diagnosed with paroxysmal hemicrania, however, it is unknown whether children's paroxysmal hemicrania follows the same patterns as adults. We aim to report the accessible demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics of reported pediatric paroxysmal hemicrania.Methods This study followed the latest version of PRISMA. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched systematically without time limitation. We included all peer-reviewed articles including observational or interventional studies reporting paroxysmal hemicrania cases in children or adolescents based on ICHD criteria. Data extracted included paroxysmal hemicrania class, gender, age, age of onset, frequency, duration, site, severity, and quality of pains, triggers, autonomic and migrainous symptoms, as well as a sense of restlessness/agitation, response to treatment, laboratory investigations, imaging, comorbidity, and family history. For quality assessment, two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the included studies through the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. ResultsA total of 182 records were identified and reduced to 116 after removing duplicates. After screening, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies represent 35 children or adolescents with paroxysmal hemicrania. We found a male to female sex ratio of 1.125:1. Onset occurred at a broad range of 1–14 years. The mean age of onset among reported cases in children and adolescents was 6.30 years, while the mean age of diagnosis was 7.96 years. The attacks frequency and duration were greatly varied. The left-sided pain was approximately reported twice more than the right-sided headaches. The characteristic of the pain was usually severe in intensity making children restless or agitated during an attack. In nearly all of the cases, it was accompanied by ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. While the majority of attacks are spontaneous, there were some common triggers. The physical examination, EEG, and brain MRI were normal. Almost all patients benefited from Indomethacin and showed complete response to treatment, while some needed combination treatment of Indomethacin with other medications.ConclusionAlthough pediatric-onset paroxysmal hemicrania has similar features to adult-onset paroxysmal hemicrania, there are some misleading challenges with ICHD criteria for younger children, limiting the diagnosis. Moreover, due to concomitant migrainous features paroxysmal hemicrania may be confused with migraine in children and adolescents.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered as a systematic review in PROSPERO.
Phonon Scattering Effect on Self-heating in GAAFET Transistor Using the DPL heat conduction model
Authors: belkhiria maissa , Alyousef Haifa , Echouchene Fraj , Aouaini fatma 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A numerical study of the phonon scattering effect in Gate All Around Field Effect Transistor (GAAFET) is performed in this work. The self-heating is modeled based on the Dual-Phase Lag (DPL) heat conduction equation. Poisson and drift-diffusion equations for electron and hole coupled with DPL model have been investigated based on the finite element method. Numerical solutions are obtained using the technique of nonlinear Newton–Raphson iteration. The impact of dependent-temperature (TD) parameters such as thermal conductivity, heat flux phase lag, and volumetric heat capacity on temperature distribution is taken into consideration. Further, a temperature jump boundary condition is used at semiconductor-oxide interface to take into account the phonon scattering phenomenon. Obtained results show a decrease in temporal and spatial temperature distribution in the case of using (TD) parameters compared with the constant (CST). Also, the addition of jump boundary condition causes a reduction on the maximum temperature and heat flux. Thus, the DPL model with proposed TD parameters, including jump temperature boundary condition, is recommended for the investigation of the self-heating effect, which can provide some improvement for the development GAAFET with good reliability in the device.
Organic Materials with High C/N Ratio: More Beneficial to Soil Improvement and Soil Health
Authors: Li Jiayi , Ren Tianbao , Li Yasen , Chen Nan , Yin Quanyu , Li Maosen , Liu Haobao , Liu Guoshun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to figure out the effect of organic fertilizers with different carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the soil improvement and the healthy cultivation, the pot experiment method was used to study effects on the physical and chemical properties and the bacterial community structure of sandy loam soil using five treatments of chemical fertilizer application with the C/N ratios of 15 (CN15), 20 (CN20), 25 (CN25), 30 (CN30) and the control (CK) respectively. Results show that the organic materials with different C/N ratios significantly improve the soil porosity and water content, which all show a linear change rule with the C/N ratio. It can also significantly increase the soil total carbon, total nitrogen, soil C/N ratio, soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass C/N ratio. Among them, CN30 significantly increases the soil total carbon and C/N ratio, which are 5.34%-24.13% and 8.87%-30.15% respectively compared with other treatments. It can be also found that the dominant flora (at the phylum level) of each treatment are Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Chlorobi. The CN30 treatment presents the most obvious improvement in the diversity and richness of the soil bacterial community and is more conducive to the growth and reproduction of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The correlation analysis shows that Ctotal/Ntotal and Cmic/Nmic are the most important environmental factors affecting the soil physical and chemical properties and their correlation with the bacterial communities. The higher C/N ratio of organic materials results in a more significant improvement of the soil physical and chemical properties. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the soil health cultivation technology.
Clinical characteristics and drug utilisation patterns in patients with chronic cough: a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese claims database
Authors: Arai Yoko , Okuyama Kotoba , Onishi Yoshie , Schelfhout Jonathan , Tokita Shigeru , Kubo Takekazu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Although unmet medical needs for better care of patients with chronic cough exist in Japan, epidemiological information about these patients and their treatments is very limited.Objectives: To describe patient characteristics, underlying cough-related diseases and drug utilisation patterns in patients with chronic cough, and their changes over time.Methods: This large retrospective claims database study enrolled subjects with chronic cough, identified either by a specific diagnostic cough code for chronic cough (Population 1) or by multiple cough-related diagnostic codes spanning >8 weeks (Population 2). Within Population 2, patients with each of the three most frequent diagnostic cough codes were analysed as subgroups. Patient characteristics, underlying cough-related diseases and utilisation patterns for drugs used for cough were documented at the index date, during the 6-month pre-index period and during the 12-month post-index period. Results: 6,038 subjects were enrolled in the cohort (Population 1: N=3,500; Population 2: N=2,538). The mean age was 43.7±12.2 years and 61.8% were women. The largest cough diagnosis subgroups in Population 2 were ‘other coughs’ (N=1,444), ‘cough-variant asthma’ (N=1,026) and ‘atopic/allergic cough’ (N=105). At the index date, the most frequent underlying cough-related diseases were allergic rhinitis/nasal inflammation (N=3,132; 51.9%), asthma (N=2,517; 41.7%) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (N=829; 13.7%). At the index date, 4,860 participants (80.5%) were prescribed at least one cough-related treatment. 194 participants (4.0% of medication users) were prescribed central antitussives alone, principally in Population 1, and 2,331 (48.0%) were prescribed expectorants. Other frequently prescribed medications were antiallergic drugs (N=2,588; 53.3%), antimicrobials (N=1,627; 34.4%) and inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting beta-agonists (N=1,404; 28.9%). Over time, cough diagnoses tended to be lost, with only 470 participants in Population 1 retaining a diagnostic code for chronic cough one year later. The frequency of underlying cough-related diseases was stable over time.Conclusions: Patients in this cohort with chronic cough are most frequently identified by a diagnostic cough code for chronic cough, followed by codes for other coughs, cough-variant asthma and atopic cough. Chronic cough frequently presents with an underlying cough-related disease, most frequently allergic rhinitis/nasal inflammation, asthma or GERD. Medication prescription for the underlying cough-related diseases was generally appropriate.