bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anwendung der ETB‐Richtline auf Befestigungselemente von Fenstern und Fassaden
Authors: Eierle Benno , Jehl Wolfgang , Sack Norbert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDie ETB‐Richtlinie „Bauteile, die gegen Absturz sichern“ aus dem Jahr 1985 ist eine der ältesten Vorschriften, die in den aktuellen Technischen Baubestimmungen (Teil A, Lfd. Nr. A 1.2.1.3) enthalten sind. Sie definiert ebenso wie der Eurocode 1 die Einwirkungen auf absturzsichernde Bauteile, enthält im Gegensatz zum EC1 jedoch auch Nachweismethoden und Anforderungen an Stoßlasten. Dieser Bericht umreißt den Anwendungsbereich, für den die ETB‐Richtlinie heute noch relevant ist, und stellt die theoretischen Hintergründe für den Nachweis von Befestigungselementen für den weichen Stoß dar, die bisher nur schlecht dokumentiert sind. Zudem werden erweiterte Lastansätze und Nachweismethoden für die Fensterbefestigung in hochwärmedämmendem Mauerwerk vorgestellt, die im Rahmen eines durch das DIBt geförderten Forschungsprojekts erarbeitet wurden.
Construction of joint confidence spaces for the optimal true class fraction triplet in the ROC space using alternative biomarker cutoffs
Authors: Shi Peng , Bantis Leonidas E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. Finding new biomarkers for its early detection is of high clinical importance. As with many other diseases, cancer has a progressive nature. In cancer biomarker studies, it is often the case that the true disease status of the recruited individuals exhibits more than two classes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface is a well‐known statistical tool for assessing the biomarkers' discriminatory ability in trichotomous settings. The volume under the ROC surface (VUS) is an overall measure of the discriminatory ability of a marker. In practice, clinicians are often in need of cutoffs for decision‐making purposes. A popular approach for computing such cutoffs is the Youden index and its recent three‐class generalization. A drawback of such a method is that it treats the data in a pairwise fashion rather than consider all the data simultaneously. The use of the minimized Euclidean distance from the perfection corner to the ROC surface (also known as closest to perfection method) is an alternative to the Youden index that may be preferable in some settings. When such a method is employed, there is a need for inferences around the resulting true class rates/fractions that correspond to the optimal operating point. In this paper, we provide an inferential framework for the derivation of marginal confidence intervals (CIs) and joint confidence spaces (CSs) around the corresponding true class fractions, when dealing with trichotomous settings. We explore parametric and nonparametric approaches for the construction of such CIs and CSs. We evaluate our approaches through extensive simulations and apply them to a real data set that refers to HCC patients.
gBOIN‐ET: The generalized Bayesian optimal interval design for optimal dose‐finding accounting for ordinal graded efficacy and toxicity in early clinical trials
Authors: Takeda Kentaro , Morita Satoshi , Taguri Masataka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the primary objectives of an oncology dose‐finding trial for novel therapies, such as molecular targeted agents and immune‐oncology therapies, is to identify an optimal dose (OD) that is tolerable and therapeutically beneficial for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. These new therapeutic agents appear more likely to induce multiple low‐ or moderate‐grade toxicities than dose‐limiting toxicities. Besides, efficacy should be evaluated as an overall response and stable disease in solid tumors and the difference between complete remission and partial remission in lymphoma. This paper proposes the generalized Bayesian optimal interval design for dose‐finding accounting for efficacy and toxicity grades. The new design, named “gBOIN‐ET” design, is model‐assisted, simple, and straightforward to implement in actual oncology dose‐finding trials than model‐based approaches. These characteristics are quite valuable in practice. A simulation study shows that the gBOIN‐ET design has advantages compared with the other model‐assisted designs in the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients allocated to the ODs across various realistic settings.
Built to last: Theta and delta changes in resting‐state EEG activity after regulating emotions
Authors: Lapomarda Gaia , Valer Stefania , Job Remo , Grecucci Alessandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground: Over the past years, electroencephalography (EEG) studies focused on task‐related activity to characterize cortical responses associated with emotion regulation (ER), without exploring the possibility that regulating emotions can leave a trace in the brain by affecting its oscillatory activity. Demonstrating whether the effect of regulation alters the brain activity after the session and whether this reflects an increased cognitive regulatory ability has great relevance.Methods: To address this issue, 5 min of electrical brain activity at rest were recorded before and after (1) one session in which participants perceived and regulated (through distancing) their emotions (regulation session, ReS), and (2) another session in which they only perceived emotions (attend session, AtS). One hundred and sixty visual stimuli were presented, and subjective ratings of valence and arousal of stimuli were recorded.Results: Behavioral results showed the efficacy of the regulation strategy in modulating both arousal and valence. A cluster‐based permutation test on EEG data at rest revealed a significant increase in theta and delta activity after the ReS compared to the AtS, suggesting that regulating emotions can alter brain activity after the session.Conclusions: These results allowed us to outline a comprehensive view of the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with ER, as well as some possible implications in psychotherapy.
First‐line chemotherapy in advanced intra‐abdominal well‐differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group retrospective analysis
Authors: Stacchiotti Silvia , Van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Sanfilippo Roberta G. , Marreaud Sandrine I. , Van Houdt Winan J. , Judson Ian R. , Gronchi Alessandro , Gelderblom Hans , Litiere Saskia , Kasper Bernd 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUNDNo prospective trial with anthracycline‐based chemotherapy has individually assessed response in a well‐differentiated (WD)/dedifferentiated (DD) liposarcoma patient cohort. We conducted a retrospective analysis of first‐line chemotherapy in liposarcoma of intra‐abdominal origin (IA‐LPS) in patients who had entered the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)/Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (STBSG) trials.METHODSWe searched for all adult patients treated with first‐line chemotherapy for advanced IA‐LPS in the EORTC STBSG phase 2 and 3 trials from 1978. Treatment was aggregated into 5 groups: anthracycline alone, ifosfamide alone, doxorubicin plus ifosfamide (D+IFO), doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/dacarbazine, and “other” (brostallicin, trabectedin). Response was assessed prospectively by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors or World Health Organization criteria. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were computed by Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTSA total of 109 patients with IA‐LPS from 13 trials were identified (104 evaluable for response). Overall, there were 10/109 (9.2%) responders: 3/48 (6.3%) in the anthracycline alone group, 2/15 (13%) in the ifosfamide alone group, and 4/18 (22%) in the D+IFO group. At the 10‐month median follow‐up (interquartile range, 6‐24), the median OS was 19 months (95% CI, 15‐21) and median PFS 4 months (95% CI, 3‐6). D+IFO achieved a not statistically significant longer median PFS (12 months) and median OS (31 months) than observed with other regimens. Univariate/multivariate analysis did not identify prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONSCytotoxic chemotherapy, in particular anthracycline alone, had marginal activity in advanced IA‐LPS. Ifosfamide‐containing regimens showed higher activity, although it was not statistically significant and in a small number of cases, with the combination of doxorubicin and ifosfamide appearing to be the more active regimen available in fit patients. This series provides a benchmark for future trials on new drugs in WD/DD liposarcoma.;
Ivabradine in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Jan Jeng‐Yu , Chang Jung‐Jung , Lin Ming‐Shyan , Yang Teng‐Yao , Wang Po‐Chang , Chen Mien‐Cheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsIvabradine is indicated for heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but limited data are available with regards to the use of ivabradine in those with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). To assess the effect of ivabradine in HFrEF patients with paroxysmal AF, we analysed heart failure (HF) hospitalization and mortality from multiple‐centre registry database.Methods and resultsWe conducted a multicentre observational matched cohort study, and this study enrolled patient with symptomatic HFrEF from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 who had a history of paroxysmal AF in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital medical database in Taiwan. A total of 2042 patients were eligible for the study, of whom 887 were prescribed with ivabradine and 1115 were not. The primary outcome, including HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death, and individual outcome during the 12 month observation period were analysed after inverse probability of treatment weighting. The ivabradine group had significantly lower mean heart rate after 12 months follow‐up than the non‐ivabradine group (P < 0.05). The primary outcome was significantly higher in the ivabradine group than the non‐ivabradine group after 12 months follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–2.00, P < 0.001). Moreover, the ivabradine group had a significantly higher event rate of HF hospitalization (HR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.40–1.75, P < 0.001) and HF death (HR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.14–2.44, P = 0.009) than the non‐ivabradine group.ConclusionsIvabradine treatment was associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization in symptomatic HFrEF patients with a history of paroxysmal AF. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted.
Experimental investigation on direct‐contact condensation of subatmospheric pressure steam in cocurrent flow packed tower
Authors: Chen Xiqing , Tian Zuoxu , Guo Feng , Yu Xufeng , Huang Qunwu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExhaust steam condensation equipment is an important component in thermal power generation systems. Direct‐contact condensation offers high heat transfer efficiency, small flow resistance, simple structure, and less scaling; therefore, its application to exhaust steam condensation equipment is conducive to reducing equipment investment and operation costs. In this study, the direct‐contact condensation of subatmospheric pressure steam (exhaust steam) is investigated in a cocurrent flow packed tower. The effects of steam temperature, steam flow, cooling water temperature, and cooling water flow on the condensation rate, subcooling, number of liquid‐phase heat transfer units (NTUL), and total volume heat transfer coefficient (KV) are investigated. The results show that the direct‐contact condensation of exhaust steam can yield a high condensation rate, low subcooling, and good stability in the cocurrent flow packed tower. Lower steam temperature, higher steam flow, higher inlet‐water temperature, and lower water flow are conducive to the increase in NTUL. It is discovered that NTUL and KV can be expressed by dimensionless parameters of flow and temperature, and that the empirical correlations of NTUL and KV agree well with experimental data.
Load ratio effects on the structural fire behaviour of glass fibre‐reinforced polymer‐reinforced concrete beams with mid‐span bar lap splices – Experimental study
Authors: Gurung Sobita , Salem Osama (Sam) 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP)‐reinforced concrete members have been gaining attention as an alternative to conventional steel‐reinforced concrete members due to their advantageous characteristics. A few to mention are excellent resistance to corrosion, high strength‐to‐weight ratio, and reduced maintenance cost in the long term. Nevertheless, FRPs are often limited in use mainly due to fire safety considerations since they can encounter significant deprivation of strength and bond with concrete in fire conditions. This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of the applied load level on the structural behaviour of glass fibre‐reinforced polymer (GFRP)‐reinforced concrete beams having mid‐span bar lap splices when exposed to standard fire. Two 2750‐mm long beams with cross‐sectional dimensions of 300 mm wide × 350 mm high were exposed to elevated temperatures that followed the CAN/ULC‐S101 standard fire time–temperature curve while being subjected to a load level equivalent to 85% of the beam ultimate design load. The experimental results of the two beams were compared to those obtained for identical beams but subjected to a lower load level that is equivalent to only 40% of the beam's ultimate design load. Results show that the increased load level (slightly more than double the load ratio) unexpectedly did not impact the fire resistance time of the GFRP‐reinforced concrete beams but affected other structural responses of the beam, such as its midspan deflections and cracking patterns.
Fabrication and characterization of a smart film based on cassava starch and pomegranate peel powder for monitoring lamb meat freshness
Authors: Esfahani Azadeh , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Baghaei Homa , Nouri Leila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNowadays, the development of pH‐sensitive smart edible films using biopolymers and natural plant extracts (especially those rich in anthocyanins) has attracted much attention. Therefore, in this study, the intelligent edible film was produced and characterized using cassava starch and pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and the possibility of using production films to monitor the freshness of lamb meat. The smart films were prepared using different concentrations of PPP (2, 4, 6, and 8% w/w) and the solvent casting method. The results showed that the incorporation of PPP had a significant effect on the mechanical parameters of the starch films. With increasing the levels of PPP, the color of the films became darker and redder. Increasing the PPP levels also led to an increase in total phenol content (TPC) (from 0 to 13 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g) and antioxidant activity (from 0% to 70% DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging) of the produced films (p < .05). The intelligent film was used in the lamb meat packaging, and the color of the film changed from red to green during the storage period at 25°C. The amount of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) in the meat could be detected by color changes of the intelligent films. Finally, this study demonstrated that the film based on cassava starch and PPP could be used as an intelligent and pH‐sensitive film to monitor the freshness of meat and meat products.
Lipocalin‐2 activates hepatic stellate cells and promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high‐fat diet–fed Ob/Ob mice
Authors: Kim Kyung Eun , Lee Jaewoong , Shin Hyun Joo , Jeong Eun Ae , Jang Hye Min , Ahn Yu Jeong , An Hyeong Seok , Lee Jong Youl , Shin Meong Cheol , Kim Soo Kyoung , Yoo Won Gi , Kim Won Ho , Roh Gu Seob 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
In obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, leptin promotes insulin resistance and contributes to the progression of NASH via activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, the pathogenic mechanisms that trigger HSC activation in leptin‐deficient obesity are still unknown. This study aimed to determine how HSC‐targeting lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) mediates the transition from simple steatosis to NASH.

Approach and Results:
Male wild‐type (WT) and ob/ob mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to establish an animal model of NASH with fibrosis. Ob/ob mice were subject to caloric restriction or recombinant leptin treatment. Double knockout (DKO) mice lacking both leptin and lcn2 were also fed an HFD for 20 weeks. In addition, HFD‐fed ob/ob mice were treated with gadolinium trichloride to deplete Kupffer cells. The LX‐2 human HSCs and primary HSCs from ob/ob mice were used to investigate the effects of LCN2 on HSC activation. Serum and hepatic LCN2 expression levels were prominently increased in HFD‐fed ob/ob mice compared with normal diet‐fed ob/ob mice or HFD‐fed WT mice, and these changes were closely linked to liver fibrosis and increased hepatic α‐SMA/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein levels. HFD‐fed DKO mice showed a marked reduction of α‐SMA protein compared with HFD‐fed ob/ob mice. In particular, the colocalization of LCN2 and α‐SMA was increased in HSCs from HFD‐fed ob/ob mice. In primary HSCs from ob/ob mice, exogenous LCN2 treatment induced HSC activation and MMP9 secretion. By contrast, LCN2 receptor 24p3R deficiency or a STAT3 inhibitor reduced the activation and migration of primary HSCs.

Conclusions:
LCN2 acts as a key mediator of HSC activation in leptin‐deficient obesity via α‐SMA/MMP9/STAT3 signaling, thereby exacerbating NASH.
The sampling strategy of oral microbiome
Authors: Lu Hongye , Zou Peihui , Zhang Yifei , Zhang Qian , Chen Zhibin , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are multiple habitats in the oral cavity with bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa residing in, which together constitute the oral micro‐ecosystem. These microflorae in the oral cavity primarily include saliva, supragingival dental plaque, subgingival dental plaque, submucosal plaque around implants, plaque in root canals, and plaque on the mucosal surface. The interest and knowledge of the microbiome have dynamically increased with the advancement of technology. Therefore, a reliable, feasible, and practical sampling strategy for the oral microbiome is required for the investigation. This paper introduced the sampling strategy of oral microorganisms, consisting of sample collection, transport, processing, and storage. The materials and devices involved in this study are all commonly used in clinical practice or laboratory. The feasibility and reliability of the sampling methods described in this paper have been verified by multiple studies.
Identification of immune‐related lncRNA panel for predicting immune checkpoint blockade and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Qun , Shen Zhisen , Shen Yi , Deng Hongxia , Shen Yiming , Wang Jianing , Zhan Guowen , Zhou Chongchang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeImmunotherapy is changing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment pattern. According to the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) guidelines, immunotherapy has been deemed as first‐line recommendation for recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, marking that advanced HNSCC has officially entered the era of immunotherapy. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) impact every step of cancer immunity. Therefore, reliable immune‐lncRNAs able to accurately predict the immune landscape and survival of HNSCC are crucial to clinical management.MethodsIn the current study, we downloaded the transcriptomic and clinical data of HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified differentially expressed immune‐related lncRNAs (DEir‐lncRNAs). Further then, Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed to identify proper DEir‐lncRNAs to construct optimal risk model. Low‐risk and high‐risk groups were classified based on the optimal cut‐off value generated by the areas under curve for receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were utilized to validate the prediction model. We then evaluated the model based on the clinical factors, immune cell infiltration, and chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic efficacy between two groups.ResultsIn our study, we identified 256 Deir‐lncRNAs in HNSCC. A total of 18 Deir‐lncRNA pairs (consisting of 35 Deir‐lncRNAs) were used to construct a risk model significantly associated with survival of HNSCC. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis confirmed that our risk model could be served as an independent prognostic indicator. Besides, HNSCC patients with low‐risk score significantly enriched of CD8+ T cell, and corelated with high chemosensitivity and immunotherapeutic sensitivity.ConclusionOur risk model could be served as a promising clinical prediction indicator, effective discoursing of the immune cell infiltration of HNSCC patients, and distinguishing patients who could benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
On the fabrication of atom probe tomography specimens of Al alloys at room temperature using focused ion beam milling with liquid Ga ion source
Authors: Mondal Soumita , Bansal Ujjval , Makineni Surendra Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, a simple rectangular milling technique was demonstrated to prepare needle shape atom probe tomography (APT) specimens from Al alloys by focused‐ion‐beam (FIB) milling using Ga+ ions at room temperature. Ga has high miscibility in Al owing to which electropolishing technique is preferred over Ga+ ion FIB instruments for the fabrication of APT specimens. Although, site specific sample preparation is not possible by the electropolishing technique. This led to the motivation to demonstrate a new rectangular milling technique using Ga+ FIB instrument that resulted a significant reduction of Ga+ ion impregnation into the specimens. This is attributed to the reduction of milling time (<30 s at 30 kV acceleration voltage) and the use of lower currents (<0.3 nA) compared to the conventional annular milling method. The yield of specimens during field evaporation in APT was also significantly increased from around 8 million ions to more than 86 million ions due to the avoidance of Ga+ ion embrittlement. Therefore, the currently demonstrated rectangular milling technique can be used to prepare APT specimens from Al‐alloys and obtained accurate compositions of matrix, phases, and hetero‐phase interfaces with Ga < 0.1 at%.Research Highlights
Feasibility of using Ga+ ions for the preparation of needle shaped specimens at room temperature from aluminum alloys.
Demonstration of using a rectangular milling technique instead of annular milling technique that led to a significant reduction in impregnation of Ga+ ions into the specimen needles.
Due to very low Ga+ ion damage, the yield of the APT data increased by 10–12 times.