bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic capabilities and FDI in conflict zones: the role of diversification and stock management capabilities
Authors: Abdelzaher Dina , Ramadan Nora 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Despite the increased level of national conflict around the world, outward foreign direct investment (FDI) targeting these areas has increased. This study aims to adopt a dynamic capability lens to examine the relationship between firm capabilities and the level of conflict in their FDI portfolio. The paper argues that conflict zones may be an attractive destination for a subset of firms, given their capability profile.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors draw from a sample of US Fortune 500 firms (2019) to examine their FDI destinations; specifically, they collected data on the locations of their foreign subsidiaries, which resulted into a final sample of 118 diversified US firms. The model was analyzed using ordinary least squares multiple regression to predict the extent to which their FDI portfolios have ongoing domestic and international conflict and the impact of expansion in such conflict-stricken markets on firm financial performance (ROA).

Findings
The authors find that firms with greater international geographical diversification capabilities, as depicted by their geographic spread, and those with greater local stock management capability, as depicted by their initial public offering maturity, are more likely to launch subsidiaries in high ongoing conflict zones. Furthermore, the authors find that while it may be unprofitable for firms to seek FDI in high-conflict zones, firms that operate in strategic industries (manufacturing, infrastructure, natural resource extraction) experienced positive performance. This can be attributed to the fact that firms operating in these sectors are more likely to directly profit in the reconstruction/rebuilding of such conflict-stricken markets.

Originality/value
While previous literature focused on macro-level factors, this study sought to highlight firm-level factors that determine FDI decision in conflict zones. The authors capture different dimensions/sources of firms’ dynamic capability, one resulting from foreign experience (i.e. geographic diversification) and the other from local experience (i.e. domestic stock management) to assess how each correlate with multinational corporations’ level of conflict in their FDI portfolio. Furthermore, the authors contribute to the understanding of the relationship between expansion in conflict zones and firm performance and highlight that industry does matter. Implications from this study highlight the importance of building risk management capabilities to handle not just expansion in conflict zones but also during challenging times like those brought about by pandemics.
Thermo-fluid flow behavior of the IN718 molten pool in the laser directed energy deposition process under magnetic field
Authors: Zhou Yang , Qu Wenying , Zhou Fan , Li Xinggang , Song Lijun , Zhu Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to understand the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mechanism in the molten pool under different modes of magnetic field. The comparison focuses on the Lorenz force excitation and its effect on the melt flow and solidification parameters, intending to obtain practical references for the design of magnetic field-assisted laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) equipment.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-dimensional transient multi-physical model, coupled with MHD and thermodynamic, was established. The dimension and microstructure of the molten pool under a 0T magnetic field was used as a benchmark for accuracy verification. The interaction between the melt flow and the Lorenz force is compared under a static magnetic field in the X-, Y- and Z-directions, and also an oscillating and alternating magnetic field.

Findings
The numerical results indicate that the chaotic fluctuation of melt flow trends to stable under the magnetostatic field, while a periodically oscillating melt flow could be obtained by applying a nonstatic magnetic field. The Y and Z directional applied magnetostatic field shows the effective damping effect, while the two nonstatic magnetic fields discussed in this paper have almost the same effect on melt flow. Since the heat transfer inside the molten pool is dominated by convection, the application of a magnetic field has a limited effect on the temperature gradient and solidification rate at the solidification interface due to the convection mode of melt flow is still Marangoni convection.

Originality/value
This work provided a deeper understanding of the interaction mechanism between the magnetic field and melt flow inside the molten pool, and provided practical references for magnetic field-assisted L-DED equipment design.
Extrinsic apoptosis and senescence involved in growth kinetics of seminoma to cisplatin
Authors: Yin Yinghao , Peng Jingxuan , Zheng Xiaoping , Zhou Jun , Wang Yong , Dai Yingbo , Yin Guangming , Tang Yuxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeminoma is the most common type of testicular germ cell tumour and is highly sensitive to cisplatin therapy, which has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively monitored dynamic changes of TCam‐2 cells after cisplatin treatment. At an early stage, we found that both low and high concentrations of cisplatin induced the S‐phase arrest in TCam‐2 cells. By contrast, the G0G1 arrest was caused by cisplatin in teratoma NTERA‐2 cells. Afterwards, high concentrations of cisplatin promoted the extrinsic apoptosis and high expressions of related genes (Fas/FasL‐caspase‐8/‐3) in TCam‐2 cells. However, when decreasing the cisplatin, the apoptotic cells were significantly reduced, and accompanied by cells showing senescence‐like morphology, positive SA‐β‐gal staining and up‐regulation of senescence‐related genes (p53, p21 and p16). Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis revealed that most of the senescent TCam‐2 cells were irreversibly arrested in the G2M phase. G2M arrest was also observed in NTERA‐2 cells treated with a low concentration of cisplatin, while no senescence‐related phenotype was discovered. In addition, we detected the γ‐H2AX, a DNA damage marker protein, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and found both of which were elevated with the increase of cisplatin in TCam‐2 cells. In conclusion, the extrinsic apoptosis and senescence are involved in the growth kinetics of TCam‐2 cells to cisplatin, which provide some implications for studies on cisplatin and seminoma.
Pursuing individualism without feminism: Leisure life and gender politics of young female bar‐goers in urban China
Authors: Huang Yanhua , Liu Zixi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrawing upon fieldwork data collected among young female bar‐goers in China, we examine the gender politics manifested by their leisure activities and argue that these young women are pursuing individualism without feminism. By analyzing the act of bar hopping, we reveal the internal tension of individuation, which urges women to engage in gender labor in order to obtain preferential treatment regarding consumption and a competitive advantage in esthetic femininity. This indicates that the central axis of Chinese women's individualization is a hybrid of neoliberal individuals and essentialist gender roles. It encourages women to see themselves voluntarily as subordinate subjects in market transactions and feminized objects under male scrutiny. The pursuit of individualism without feminism prevents women from overcoming the highly gendered settings of bar scenarios, or imagining the female as a whole group with communal solidarity. The Chinese female individual manifests herself as a hostage of the collusion between the commodification of social life and a conservative gender regime. The case of China brings the individualization thesis out of its original compressed‐modernity framework and indicates that East Asia's quest for modernity must address the compressed conditions of individualism and feminism simultaneously.
ecochange: An R‐package to derive ecosystem change indicators from freely available earth observation products
Authors: Lara Wilson , Londoño Maria C. , Gonzalez Ivan , Gutierrez‐Velez Victor H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Spatial resources accessible for the derivation of biodiversity indicators of the class ecosystem structure are sparse and disparate, and their integration into computer algorithms for biodiversity monitoring remains problematic. We describe ecochange as an R‐package that integrates spatial analyses with a monitoring workflow for computing routines necessary for biodiversity monitoring.

The ecochange comprises three modules for data integration, statistical analysis and graphics. The first module currently downloads and integrates diverse remote sensing products belonging to the essential biodiversity class of structure. The module for statistical analysis calculates RasterStack ecosystem‐change representations across areas of interest; this module also allows focusing on species habitats while deriving changes in a variety of indicators, including ecosystem areas, conditional entropy and fractal dimension indices. The graphics module produces level and bar plots that ease the development of indicator reports.

Its functionality is described with an example workflow to calculate ecosystem‐class areas and conditional entropy across an area of interest contained in the package documentation.

We conclude that ecochange features procedures necessary to derive ecosystem structure indicators integrating the retrieval of spatially explicit data with the use of workflows to calculate/visualize biodiversity indicators at the national/regional scales.
CRABS: Congruent rate analyses in birth–death scenarios
Authors: Höhna Sebastian , Kopperud Bjørn T. , Magee Andrew F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Diversification rates inferred from phylogenies are not identifiable if the rates are allowed to vary freely over time. There are infinitely many combinations of speciation and extinction rate functions that have the exact same likelihood score for a given phylogeny, building a congruence class. The specific shape and characteristics of such congruence classes have not yet been studied. Whether speciation and extinction rate functions within a congruence class share common features is also not known.

Prior hypotheses typically render diversification rates identifiable, but the results then depend on these a priori hypotheses and assumptions. To test the robustness of diversification results to these a priori hypotheses, we use two different approaches to explore congruence classes: (i) constructing congruent models under alternative hypotheses and (ii) sampling alternative rate function within the congruence class.

Our methods are implemented in the open‐source R package CRABS (https://github.com/afmagee/CRABS). CRABS provides a flexible approach to explore the congruence class and provides summaries of rate functions within a congruence class. The summaries can highlight common trends, that is, increasing, flat or decreasing rates.

Although there are infinitely many equally likely diversification rate functions, these can share common features. CRABS can be used to assess if diversification rate patterns are robust despite the non‐identifiability of the birth–death model. In our example, we clearly identify three phases of diversification rate changes that are common among all models which we sampled from the congruence class. Thus, congruence classes are not necessarily a problem for studying historical patterns of biodiversity from phylogenies.
An interesting case of thigh cellulitis: The streptococcal sex syndrome
Authors: Yau Benny , Gordon Kristiana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStreptococcal sex syndrome is a rare and under‐recognised association between recurrent pubic, genital or thigh cellulitis, sexual intercourse and pelvic surgery or radiation. Lymphatic dysfunction may play a role in the aetiology of the syndrome. We describe a case of streptococcal sex syndrome and describe suggested management strategies.
The Signaling Role of IPO Lockups: Evidence from SMEs in Korea
Authors: Lee Youngjoo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examines the signaling role of lockup extensions for initial public offering (IPO) firms subject to mandatory lockup provisions. The sample contains IPO firms that went public in the Korean stock market, which reduced the mandatory lockup period over the sample period. This study finds that (1) IPO underpricing is negatively related to the lockup extension length after the reform, and (2) the negative relationship in the post‐reform period is stronger for firms characterized by high information asymmetry. The results imply that lockup extensions may reduce information asymmetry related to IPO underpricing when information asymmetry is acute.
Making‐Home From Below: Domesticating Footpath and Resisting “Homelessness” in Mumbai
Authors: Banerjee Paroj 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrawing upon ethnography among footpath dwellers in Mumbai this paper argues that hegemonic ideas and practices of urban inhabitation constrain subaltern visions of home as well as public space. In doing so, it warrants an ontology of urban inhabitation that transcends occupancy politics. It is not just the neoliberal state and property‐entrenching capital but also the politics of inclusion that fragments subaltern subjectivities of belonging and dispossession. By highlighting everyday practices, particularly the use of footwear, food preparation and consumption, performance of modesty, and rearing of pets, I articulate two ways in which home is experienced and homelessness is resisted through claims where interlocutors have no spatial legitimacy: by (re)producing spatial and moral boundaries and practising multiple mobilities that enable transient domesticities. This paper thus provides an expanded sense of home that moves beyond the materialities of home making, and binaries of the “private” interior and “public” exterior.
Microbiome Subcommunity Learning with Logistic-Tree Normal Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: LeBlanc Patrick , Ma Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMixed-membership (MM) models such as latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) have been applied to microbiome compositional data to identify latent subcommunities of microbial species. These subcommunities are informative for understanding the biological interplay of microbes and for predicting health outcomes. However, microbiome compositions typically display substantial cross-sample heterogeneities in subcommunity compositions—that is, the variability in the proportions of microbes in shared subcommunities across samples—which is not accounted for in prior analyses. As a result, LDA can produce inference, which is highly sensitive to the specification of the number of subcommunities and often divides a single subcommunity into multiple artificial ones. To address this limitation, we incorporate the logistic-tree normal (LTN) model into LDA to form a new MM model. This model allows cross-sample variation in the composition of each subcommunity around some “centroid” composition that defines the subcommunity. Incorporation of auxiliary Pólya-Gamma variables enables a computationally efficient collapsed blocked Gibbs sampler to carry out Bayesian inference under this model. By accounting for such heterogeneity, our new model restores the robustness of the inference in the specification of the number of subcommunities and allows meaningful subcommunities to be identified.
The role of skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and oral tolerance in skin sensitization to gluten‐derived hydrolysates in a rat model
Authors: Larsen Jeppe Madura , Ballegaard Anne‐Sofie Ravn , Dominguez Angela Serrano , Kristoffersen Nanna Jordahn , Maryniak Natalia Zofia , Locke Arielle Vallee , Kazemi Sahar , Epstein Michelle , Madsen Charlotte Bernhard , Bøgh Katrine Lindholm 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdverse reactions to wheat‐containing skin care products have been linked to food allergy development.ObjectivesTo determine the role of skin barrier dysfunction and inflammation in sensitization to gluten‐derived hydrolysates via the skin in Brown Norway rats with and without oral tolerance to wheat.MethodsSkin barrier defect was induced by mechanical disruption, and skin inflammation was induced by topical application of SLS or MC903. Unmodified, enzyme hydrolyzed, or acid hydrolyzed gluten products were applied to the skin three times per week for 5 weeks. Subsequently, rats were orally gavaged with unmodified gluten.ResultsWheat‐naïve rats were readily sensitized to gluten hydrolysates via the skin. Skin barrier defect and skin inflammation had little effect on the skin sensitization and hydrolysate‐specific IgE levels. Oral administration of unmodified gluten promoted the production of unmodified gluten‐specific IgE in rats sensitized via the skin. Sensitization through intact skin, disrupted skin barrier, or inflamed skin was unable to break tolerance to unmodified gluten in rats on a wheat‐containing diet.ConclusionsMechanical skin barrier disruption and skin inflammation play a limited role in experimental skin sensitization to gluten‐derived hydrolysates.
Follow the money: Understanding the Latin America and Caribbean mangrove restoration funding landscape to assist organizations and funders in improved social‐ecological outcomes
Authors: Grimm Kerry E. , Archibald Jessica L. , Axelsson Erik Petter , Grady Kevin C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent attention to mangroves' social‐ecological benefits has increased funding for restoration projects. Despite such proliferation, little is known about the mangrove restoration funding landscape. To examine multiscale funding flows and relationships to restoration organizations and their project characteristics, we analyzed 115 surveys completed by the Caribbean and Latin American project managers. We categorized funder types by scale and type (e.g.,International NGO) and projects as supported byin‐country,out‐country, orbothfunders. We identified relationships between funder type/scale and organization/project characteristics (e.g., size, inclusion of community information), which we illustrate using Sankey diagrams. Most funders were from the Global North (n = 165/275), primarily in the United States (n = 65) or broadly at the international scale (n = 59); however, Mexican funders were also prevalent (n = 35). Projects were mostly funded byout‐country(n = 43), thenboth(n = 36) andin‐country(n = 26). While similarities existed among funder type/scale and organization/project characteristic trends, notable exceptions existed (e.g.,foreign governmentsupported larger projects), which we detail and contextualize. We conclude with recommendations for funders and organizations, which include ways funders can better support projects using best practices (e.g., community engagement) and managed by smaller organizations, as well as ways organizations can better target funding based on their organization and project characteristics.
Ontogenetic development of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) from hatch through yolk absorption
Authors: Chojnacki Kimberly A. , Dodson Marlene J. , George Amy E. , Candrl James S. , DeLonay Aaron J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSturgeons have a complex free‐embryo period extending from hatch to the initiation of exogenous feeding. Although available for some sturgeon species of the genus Acipenser, descriptions of the developmental stages of free embryos of the genus Scaphirhynchus are lacking. We characterised the ontogenetic development of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) free embryos from hatch through melanin plug expulsion. The rate of development was similar between Scaphirhynchus species among free embryos from 4 pallid sturgeon and 7 shovelnose sturgeon crosses reared separately in the laboratory at a mean temperature of 17.8°C. Free embryos required a mean of 18.2 days postfertilisation (DPF; 323.5 cumulative thermal units; CTU) to reach melanin plug expulsion for pallid sturgeon and 17.9 DPF (318.3 CTU) for shovelnose sturgeon. Free embryos of both species showed overlap in lengths among developmental stages indicating that length of free embryos alone is insufficient to estimate age. Description of pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon free‐embryo development provides a template to develop more sophisticated models incorporating length and stage to estimate the age of field‐collected specimens. Improved estimates of free‐embryo developmental stage and age may aid in the identification of timing and location of spawning and better inform flow manipulation and habitat management actions tailored to increase survival of early life‐stage pallid sturgeon.
Elemental and biochemical nutrient limitation of zooplankton: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomas Patrick K. , Kunze Charlotte , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , Hillebrand Helmut , Striebel Maren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrimary consumers in aquatic ecosystems are frequently limited by the quality of their food, often expressed as phytoplankton elemental and biochemical composition. However, the effects of these food quality indicators vary across studies, and we lack an integrated understanding of how elemental (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) and biochemical (e.g. fatty acid, sterol) limitations interactively influence aquatic food webs. Here, we present the results of a meta‐analysis using >100 experimental studies, confirming that limitation by N, P, fatty acids, and sterols all have significant negative effects on zooplankton performance. However, effects varied by grazer response (growth vs. reproduction), specific manipulation, and across taxa. While P limitation had greater effects on zooplankton growth than fatty acids overall, P and fatty acid limitation had equal effects on reproduction. Furthermore, we show that: nutrient co‐limitation in zooplankton is strong; effects of essential fatty acid limitation depend on P availability; indirect effects induced by P limitation exceed direct effects of mineral P limitation; and effects of nutrient amendments using laboratory phytoplankton isolates exceed those using natural field communities. Our meta‐analysis reconciles contrasting views about the role of various food quality indicators, and their interactions, for zooplankton performance, and provides a mechanistic understanding of trophic transfer in aquatic environments.