bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing magnetically focused contamination electrons by off‐axis irradiation on an inline MRI‐Linac
Authors: Patterson Elizabeth , Oborn Bradley M. , Cutajar Dean , Jelen Urszula , Liney Gary , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Metcalfe Peter E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate off‐axis irradiation on the Australian MRI‐Linac using experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. Simulations are used to verify experimental measurements and to determine the minimum offset distance required to separate electron contamination from the photon field.MethodsDosimetric measurements were performed using a microDiamond detector, Gafchromic® EBT3 film, and MOSkinTM. Three field sizes were investigated including 1.9 × 1.9, 5.8 × 5.8, and 9.7 × 9.6 cm2. Each field was offset a maximum distance, approximately 10 cm, from the central magnetic axis (isocenter). Percentage depth doses (PDDs) were collected at a source‐to‐surface distance (SSD) of 1.8 m for fields collimated centrally and off‐axis. PDD measurements were also acquired at isocenter for each off‐axis field to measure electron contamination. Monte Carlo simulations were used to verify experimental measurements, determine the minimum field offset distance, and demonstrate the use of a spoiler to absorb electron contamination.ResultsOff‐axis irradiation separates the majority of electron contamination from an x‐ray beam and was found to significantly reduce in‐field surface dose. For the 1.9 × 1.9, 5.8 × 5.8, and 9.7 × 9.6 cm2 field, surface dose was reduced from 120.9% to 24.9%, 229.7% to 39.2%, and 355.3% to 47.3%, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations generally were within experimental error to MOSkinTM and microDiamond, and used to determine the minimum offset distance, 2.1 cm, from the field edge to isocenter. A water spoiler 2 cm thick was shown to reduce electron contamination dose to near zero.ConclusionsExperimental and simulation data were acquired for a range of field sizes to investigate off‐axis irradiation on an inline MRI‐Linac. The skin sparing effect was observed with off‐axis irradiation, a feature that cannot be achieved to the same extent with other methods, such as bolusing, for beams at isocenter.
Retraction: Multifunctional Polymeric Nanosystems for Dual‐Targeted Combinatorial Chemo/Antiangiogenesis Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Dahmani Fatima Zohra , Xiao Yan , Zhang Juan , Yu Yao , Zhou Jianping , Yao Jing 
Published: March 2022

Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2016, 5, 1447–1461DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600169The above article, published online on 29 April 2016 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Dr. Uta Goebel, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Concerns about figures within this article were raised by a reader in 2021, which has led to two Corrections of this article published on 20 January 2021[1] and 21 October 2021,[2] respectively. Subsequently, further concerns were raised about another figure within the article and an investigation of these new concerns indicated that there have been some modifications of the figures that cannot easily be explained. As a result, the journal is unable to determine whether the results and conclusions are valid and so have made the decision to retract the article.[1] F. Z. Dahmani, Y. Xiao, J. Zhang, Y. Yu, J. Zhou, J. Yao, Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2021, 10, 2002223.[2] F. Z. Dahmani, Y. Xiao, J. Zhang, Y. Yu, J. Zhou, J. Yao, Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2021, 10, 2101501.
Quantum Sensing and Imaging of Spin–Orbit‐Torque‐Driven Spin Dynamics in the Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet Mn3Sn
Authors: Yan Gerald Q. , Li Senlei , Lu Hanyi , Huang Mengqi , Xiao Yuxuan , Wernert Luke , Brock Jeffrey A. , Fullerton Eric E. , Chen Hua , Wang Hailong , Du Chunhui Rita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNovel non‐collinear antiferromagnets with spontaneous time‐reversal symmetry breaking, non‐trivial band topology, and unconventional transport properties have received immense research interest over the past decade due to their rich physics and enormous promise in technological applications. One of the central focuses in this emerging field is exploring the relationship between the microscopic magnetic structure and exotic material properties. Here, nanoscale imaging of both spin–orbit‐torque‐induced deterministic magnetic switching and chiral spin rotation in non‐collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn films using nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers are reported. Direct evidence of the off‐resonance dipole–dipole coupling between the spin dynamics in Mn3Sn and proximate NV centers is also demonstrated by NV relaxometry measurements. These results demonstrate the unique capabilities of NV centers in accessing the local information of the magnetic order and dynamics in these emergent quantum materials and suggest new opportunities for investigating the interplay between topology and magnetism in a broad range of topological magnets.
Rational Development of a Polysaccharide–Protein‐Conjugated Nanoparticle Vaccine Against SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Deng Yongqiang , Li Jing , Sun Chunyun , Chi Hang , Luo Dan , Wang Rui , Qiu Hongying , Zhang Yanjing , Wu Mei , Zhang Xiao , Huang Xun , Xie Liangzhi , Qin Chengfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has led to millions of deaths worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) remains a major cause of mortality in underdeveloped countries. A vaccine that prevents both SARS‐CoV‐2 and S. pneumoniae infection represents a long‐sought “magic bullet”. Herein, a nanoparticle vaccine, termed SCTV01B, is rationally developed by using the capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 14 (PPS14) as the backbone to conjugate with the recombinant receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. The final formulation of conjugated nanoparticles in the network structure exhibits high thermal stability. Immunization with SCTV01B induces potent humoral and Type 1/Type 2 T helper cell (Th1/Th2) cellular immune responses in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques. In particular, SCTV01B‐immunized serum not only broadly cross‐neutralizes all SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs), including the most recent Omicron variant, but also shows high opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) against S. pneumoniae serotype 14. Finally, SCTV01B vaccination confers protection against challenges with the SARS‐CoV‐2 mouse‐adapted strain and the original strain in established murine models. Collectively, these promising preclinical results support further clinical evaluation of SCTV01B, highlighting the potency of polysaccharide‐RBD‐conjugated nanoparticle vaccine platforms for the development of vaccines for COVID‐19 and other infectious diseases.
Ultrasensitive Capacitive Sensor Composed of Nanostructured Electrodes for Human–Machine Interface
Authors: Li Tianyi , Sakthivelpathi Vigneshwar , Qian Zhongjie , Kahng Seong‐Joong , Ahn Sanggyeun , Dichiara Anthony B. , Manohar Krithika , Chung Jae‐Hyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuman–machine interface requires various sensors for communication, manufacturing and environmental control, and health and safety monitoring. Capacitive sensors have been used to detect touch, distance, geometry, electric property, and environmental parameters. However, highly sensitive proximity detection with a small form factor has always been a challenge. This paper presents a capacitive sensor composed of a nanostructured electrode array for contact and noncontact detection. In the sensor configuration, the nanostructured electrode is made of high aspect ratio cellulose fibers embedded with carbon nanotubes. The complementary electrode is designed to be smaller in surface area for high sensitivity. Based on the analysis, the unique sensing mechanism is shown to enhance the proximity sensitivity for target detection. A pair of asymmetrically designed electrodes are characterized and compared with the traditional symmetric electrodes for proximity and contact detection of human hands. The sensor performance is also characterized for detecting water mass in glass and metal cups. In the end, a smart pad that can recognize human gestures, gait, and water mass with unprecedented sensitivity is demonstrated.
DBU‐Promoted 6π‐Azaelectrocyclization and Hydrogen‐Migration to Prepare 6‐Alkyl Pyridine N‐Oxides from N‐Vinyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Nitrones
Authors: Zou Ning , Liu Zhang‐Wei , Yan Gong‐Gui , Wang Ying‐Chun , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe a DBU‐controlled 6π‐azaelectrocyclization of dibenzylideneacetone‐derived N‐vinyl‐α,β‐unsaturated nitrones to prepare 6‐alkyl pyridine N‐oxides in 24–82% yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that DBU had a great impact on the formation of 6‐alkyl pyridine N‐oxides and served as a base and the carrier of hydrogen sources to in situ reduce C=C bonds. The 6‐alkyl pyridine N‐oxide was prepared at gram‐scales and converted to estrone‐derived pyridine and pyrido[2,3‐c]carbazole 4‐oxide in 46% and 52% yields in two steps, respectively.magnified image
A Review of State of the Art in Phosphine Ligated Gold Clusters and Application in Catalysis
Authors: Adnan Rohul H. , Madridejos Jenica Marie L. , Alotabi Abdulrahman S. , Metha Gregory F. , Andersson Gunther G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAtomically precise gold clusters are highly desirable due to their well‐defined structure which allows the study of structure–property relationships. In addition, they have potential in technological applications such as nanoscale catalysis. The structural, chemical, electronic, and optical properties of ligated gold clusters are strongly defined by the metal–ligand interaction and type of ligands. This critical feature renders gold–phosphine clusters unique and distinct from other ligand‐protected gold clusters. The use of multidentate phosphines enables preparation of varying core sizes and exotic structures beyond regular polyhedrons. Weak gold–phosphorous (Au–P) bonding is advantageous for ligand exchange and removal for specific applications, such as catalysis, without agglomeration. The aim of this review is to provide a unified view of gold–phosphine clusters and to present an in‐depth discussion on recent advances and key developments for these clusters. This review features the unique chemistry, structural, electronic, and optical properties of gold–phosphine clusters. Advanced characterization techniques, including synchrotron‐based spectroscopy, have unraveled substantial effects of Au–P interaction on the composition‐, structure‐, and size‐dependent properties. State‐of‐the‐art theoretical calculations that reveal insights into experimental findings are also discussed. Finally, a discussion of the application of gold–phosphine clusters in catalysis is presented.
Doping Ruthenium into Metal Matrix for Promoted pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jiao Jiqing , Zhang Nan‐Nan , Zhang Chao , Sun Ning , Pan Yuan , Chen Chen , Li Jun , Tan Meijie , Cui Ruixue , Shi Zhaolin , Zhang Jiangwei , Xiao Hai , Lu Tongbu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor heterogeneous catalysts, the active sites exposed on the surface have been investigated intensively, yet the effect of the subsurface‐underlying atoms is much less scrutinized. Here, a surface‐engineering strategy to dope Ru into the subsurface/surface of Co matrix is reported, which alters the electronic structure and lattice strain of the catalyst surface. Using hydrogen evolution (HER) as a model reaction, it is found that the subsurface doping Ru can optimize the hydrogen adsorption energy and improve the catalytic performance, with overpotentials of 28 and 45 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline and acidic media, respectively, and in particular, 28 mV in neutral electrolyte. The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the subsurface/surface doping Ru improves the HER efficiency in terms of both thermodynamics and kinetics. The approach here stands as an effective strategy for catalyst design via subsurface engineering at the atomic level.
Magnetoelectric Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite of YFeO3 and CoFe2O4
Authors: Kumar Abinash , Ning Shuai , Su Tingyu , Cho Eunsoo , LeBeau James M. , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled two‐phase vertically aligned nanocomposites consisting of ferromagnetic pillars embedded in a ferroelectric matrix provide an attractive geometry for observing magnetoelectric coupling based on the strain‐coupled magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects at the interfaces. In perovskite‐spinel nanocomposites the ferroelectric phase typically consists of BiFeO3, BaTiO3 or Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. Here, the ferroelectric phase is Y‐rich YFeO3 which exhibits ferroelectricity originating from the local inversion symmetry breaking caused by YFe antisite defects. Coherent interfaces observed between Y‐rich YFeO3 and a magnetic spinel CoFe2O4 in a vertically aligned nanocomposite enable strain‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature, confirming the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity in Y‐rich YFeO3 and extending the range of magnetoelectric nanocomposite compositions.
The Swedish consumer market for organic and conventional milk: A demand system analysis
Authors: Lindström Hanna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIncreasing the production of organic food is becoming an important environmental target for many governments, and consumer demand for organic food is pivotal in reaching these targets. This paper studies consumer demand for organic and conventional milk, using weekly scanner data from the Swedish retail market for the years 2011–2017. Own‐ and cross‐price elasticities of demand are estimated using a quadratic almost ideal demand system. While previous studies on this topic show that demand for organic milk is commonly more price elastic than for its conventional alternative, this paper complements previous literature by (i) studying a market with relatively small organic price premiums, (ii) using a highly representative sample of retailers, and (iii) differentiating between private labels and brands. Results show that demand for organic milk is relatively elastic, despite relatively small organic price premiums in the Swedish milk market. Results also show that demand for branded products is, generally, less elastic compared to private label products, suggesting that consumers have strong preferences for traditional, regional brands. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q11, Q18].
Mental health burden of empty nose syndrome compared to chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinitis
Authors: Lamb Meredith , Bacon Daniel R. , Zeatoun Abdullah , Onourah Princess , Thorp Brian D. , Abramowitz Jonathon , Ebert Charles S. , Kimple Adam J. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is characterized by the paradoxical perception of nasal obstruction despite patent sinonasal anatomy after surgery. We investigated the relationship between ENS, and anxiety, depression, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and somatic symptom disorder (SSD) compared to individuals with chronic rhinitis (CR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey study compared ENS and CR and CRS patients. A total of 116 patients participated: 58 ENS patients from digital support groups, and 58 CRS and CR patients from tertiary rhinology clinics. Study participants completed four validated surveys: (1) Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐Item Questionnaire, (2) Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), (3) Obsessive Compulsive Inventory – Revised (OCI‐R), and (4) PRIME MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).ResultsENS patients exhibited a mean RSDI of 78.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 72.8–84.5, compared to 25.2, 95% CI 18.6–31.8 for CRS/CR patients (p < 0.0001). This difference was seen across all subdomains. Using the PHQ, 53% of ENS patients met diagnostic thresholds for SSD compared to 14% of CRS patients (p < 0.0001). In relation to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 18.37% of ENS patients compared to 8.62% of CRS/CR patients scored above the diagnostic threshold (>21) on the OCI‐R questionnaire (p = 0.159).ConclusionENS patients had diminished sinonasal quality of life and a higher prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression, compared to CR and CRS. ENS patients were more likely to exceed thresholds for OCD and SSD compared to controls. Future studies are needed to assess the role of SSD in ENS to help optimize treatment for these complex patients.
An Integrated Carbon Nitride‐Nickel Photocatalyst for the Amination of Aryl Halides Using Sodium Azide
Authors: Vijeta Arjun , Casadevall Carla , Reisner Erwin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of primary anilines via sustainable methods remains a challenge in organic synthesis. We report a photocatalytic protocol for the selective synthesis of primary anilines via cross‐coupling of a wide range of aryl/heteroaryl halides with sodium azide using a photocatalyst powder consisting of nickel(II) deposited on mesoporous carbon nitride (Ni‐mpg‐CNx). This heterogeneous photocatalyst contains a high surface area with a visible light‐absorbing and adaptive “built‐in” solid‐state ligand for the integrated catalytic Ni site. The method displays a high functional group tolerance, requires mild reaction conditions, and benefits from easy recovery and reuse of the photocatalyst powder. Thereby, it overcomes the need of complex ligand scaffolds required in homogeneous catalysis, precious metals and elevated temperatures/pressures in existing protocols of primary anilines synthesis. The reported heterogeneous Ni‐mpg‐CNx holds potential for applications in the academic and industrial synthesis of anilines and exploration of other photocatalytic transformations.
A General Strategy for Kilogram‐Scale Preparation of Highly Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks
Authors: Sun Tian , Liang Yan , Luo Wenjia , Zhang Lei , Cao Xiaofeng , Xu Yuxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScalable and eco‐friendly synthesis of crystalline porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) is essential to realize their broad industrial applications but remains a great challenge, which requires the fundamental understanding of the two‐dimensional polymerization mechanism. Herein, we report a universal polyphosphoric acid (H6P4O13)‐catalyzed nitrile trimerization route to synthesize a series of highly crystalline CTFs with high specific surface areas. This new strategy enables the cost‐effective large‐scale fabrication of crystalline CTFs at kilogram level for the first time. Through density functional theory calculation and detailed controlled experiments, we reveal that the polyphosphate acid show much higher catalytic activity for trimerization reaction than its analogues such as P2O5and H3PO4. Furthermore, the crystalline CTFs with regular porosity and abundant triazine groups exhibit ultrahigh removal efficiency of micropollutants, indicating its great potential in environment remediation.
Photocatalytic Abstraction of Hydrogen Atoms from Water Using Hydroxylated Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Hydrogenative Coupling Reactions
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Ren Pengju , Liu Wuwen , Li Yaru , Salli Sofia , Han Feiyu , Qiao Wei , Liu Yu , Fan Yingzhu , Cui Yi , Shen Yanbin , Richards Emma , Wen Xiaodong , Rummeli Mark H. , Li Yongwang , Besenbacher Flemming , Niemantsverdriet Hans , Lim Tingbin , Su Ren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmploying pure water, the ultimate green source of hydrogen donor to initiate chemical reactions that involve a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step is fascinating but challenging due to its large H−O bond dissociation energy (BDEH‐O=5.1 eV). Many approaches have been explored to stimulate water for hydrogenative reactions, but the efficiency and productivity still require significant enhancement. Here, we show that the surface hydroxylated graphitic carbon nitride (gCN−OH) only requires 2.25 eV to activate H−O bonds in water, enabling abstraction of hydrogen atoms via dehydrogenation of pure water into hydrogen peroxide under visible light irradiation. The gCN−OH presents a stable catalytic performance for hydrogenative N−N coupling, pinacol‐type coupling and dehalogenative C−C coupling, all with high yield and efficiency, even under solar radiation, featuring extensive impacts in using renewable energy for a cleaner process in dye, electronic, and pharmaceutical industries.
A General Strategy for Kilogram‐Scale Preparation of Highly Crystal‐line Covalent Triazine Frameworks
Authors: Sun Tian , Liang Yan , Luo Wenjia , Zhang Lei , Cao Xiaofeng , Xu Yuxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScalable and eco‐friendly synthesis of crystalline porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) is essential to realize their broad industrial applications but remains a great challenge, which requires the fundamental understanding of the two‐dimensional polymerization mechanism. Herein, we report a universal polyphosphoric acid (H6P4O13)‐catalyzed nitrile trimerization route to synthesize a series of highly crystalline CTFs with high specific surface areas. This new strategy enables the cost‐effective large‐scale fabrication of crystalline CTFs at kilogram level for the first time. Through density functional theory calculation and detailed controlled experiments, we reveal that the polyphosphate acid show much higher catalytic activity for trimerization reaction than its analogues such as P2O5and H3PO4. Furthermore, the crystalline CTFs with regular porosity and abundant triazine groups exhibit ultrahigh removal efficiency of micropollutants, indicating its great potential in environment remediation.
Experimental and theoretical approaches on structural, spectroscopic (FT‐IR and UV‐Vis), nonlinear optical, and molecular docking analyses for Zn (II) and Cu (II) complexes of 6‐chloropyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid
Authors: Dege Necmi , Tamer Ömer , Şimşek Merve , Avcı Davut , Yaman Mavişe , Başoğlu Adil , Atalay Yusuf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNovel transition metal‐based complexes that may be of value as biological agents and/or nonlinear optical materials, Zn (II) and Cu (II) transition metal complexes of 6‐chloropyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid (LH), were successfully synthesized. The chemical structure of each complex was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) method and FT‐IR spectroscopy. XRD and FT‐IR demonstrated that L ligand coordinate to central metal ions through the donor N and O atoms. By coordinating two H2O ligand to Zn (II) ion, a distorted octahedral complex geometry was constructed for 1. As for 2, a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry was obtained by a H2O ligand coordination to Cu (II) ion. Theoretical studies using B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p)‐LanL2DZ were performed to further validate the proposed structures. The molecular docking of 1 to SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (PDB: 6LU7) gives a binding energy of −5.24 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 144.6 μM, demonstrating that 1 is a more promising candidate to biologically active complexes than 2. The first‐order hyperpolarizability (β) parameter for 1 and 2 was calculated as 0.88 × 10−30 and 10.40 × 10−30 esu, respectively. These β values also demonstrated that 2 exhibits more effective NLO character than 1 due to the electronic configuration and coordination geometry.