bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Career Decision-Making Adaptability Score: Exploration and validation of its predictive power for subjective and objective career success
Authors: Ebner Katharina , Paul Karsten Ingmar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study aims at validating the Career Decision-Making Adaptability Score (CDA Score) by investigating its predictive influence on objective and subjective career success, career adaptability, and psychological well-being over a 1-year period. Furthermore, the predictive influence of additional career decision-making strategies was scrutinized. Regression analyses of data from 78 employed individuals from two measurement time points demonstrated that the CDA Score predicts yet unexplored variables (e.g., psychological well-being) and consulting with others contributes to career adaptability and satisfaction. The findings extend research on career decision-making, validate the CDA Score longitudinally, and offer directions for the design of career counseling services.
Interplay between PI3K/AKT pathway and heart disorders
Authors: Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Khanbabapour Sasi Ali , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Shoorei Hamed , Siddiq Afshan , Taheri Mohammad , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe PI3K/AKT signaling has crucial role in the regulation of numerous physiological functions through activation of downstream effectors and modulation of cell cycle transition, growth and proliferation. This pathway participates in the pathogenesis of several human disorders such as heart diseases through regulation of size and survival of cardiomyocytes, angiogenic processes as well as inflammatory responses. Moreover, PI3K/AKT pathway participates in the process of myocardial injury induced by a number of substances such as H2O2, Mercury, lipopolysaccharides, adriamycin, doxorubicin and epirubicin. In this review, we describe the contribution of this pathway in the pathoetiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy and toxins-induced cardiac injury.
Subsurface and Bulk Residual Stress Analysis of S235JRC + C Steel TIG Weld by Diffraction and Magnetic Stray Field Measurements
Authors: Mishurova T. , Stegemann R. , Lyamkin V. , Cabeza S. , Evsevleev S. , Pelkner M. , Bruno G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to physical coupling between mechanical stress and magnetization in ferromagnetic materials, it is assumed in the literature that the distribution of the magnetic stray field corresponds to the internal (residual) stress of the specimen. The correlation is, however, not trivial, since the magnetic stray field is also influenced by the microstructure and the geometry of component. The understanding of the correlation between residual stress and magnetic stray field could help to evaluate the integrity of welded components.ObjectiveThis study aims at understanding the possible correlation of subsurface and bulk residual stress with magnetic stray field in a low carbon steel weld.MethodsThe residual stress was determined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD, subsurface region) and by neutron diffraction (ND, bulk region). SXRD possesses a higher spatial resolution than ND. Magnetic stray fields were mapped by utilizing high-spatial-resolution giant magneto resistance (GMR) sensors.ResultsThe subsurface residual stress overall correlates better with the magnetic stray field distribution than the bulk stress. This correlation is especially visible in the regions outside the heat affected zone, where the influence of the microstructural features is less pronounced but steep residual stress gradients are present.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that the localized stray field sources without any obvious microstructural variations are associated with steep stress gradients. The good correlation between subsurface residual stress and magnetic signal indicates that the source of the magnetic stray fields is to be found in the range of the penetration depth of the SXRD measurements.
3E enhancement of freshwater productivity of solar still with heater, vibration, and cover cooling
Authors: Dawood Mohamed M. Khairat , Omar Abubakr Helmy , Shehata Ali Ismail , Samir Shehata Ahmed , Taha Ahmed Abd-Elsalam , El-Shaib Mohamed Nabil , Mohamed Madeha Kamel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study focused on experimentally increasing the productivity of freshwater from solar stills. The performance of a single solar still system could be augmented with the combination of an electric heater, vibration motion, and thermoelectric cooling. The study investigated the effects of combining two of these components and finally combining all of them on freshwater productivity. The electric heater and vibration motion are used to enrich the evaporation rate, while thermoelectric coolers are used to enhance the condensation rate, leading to high freshwater productivity. The proposal, construction, and testing of two identical solar stills were performed under the local climate conditions of the city of Alexandria in northwestern Egypt during the summer and winter times. The two solar stills had a 1-m2 base area. An electric heater of 450 W was placed inside the modified solar still. The modified solar still was fixed on four coiled springs. A 1-hp power DC motor, an inverter, a control unit, and two 330-W photovoltaic solar panels were attached to the modified solar still. Eccentric masses were mounted on the rotating disk attached to the DC motor to generate the vibration. Under the same climate conditions, the daily output of freshwater was measured experimentally for the modified case and the conventional solar. The daily rates of freshwater productivity in summer were investigated for four cases and the conventional one. Results showed that the peak daily freshwater productivity achieved with the solar heater, thermoelectric coolers, and vibration motion was 12.82 kg/day, with a maximum estimated cost of 0.01786 $/L/m2.The exergoeconomic of the modified solar still with heater, vibration, and thermoelectric cooler was greater than that of conventional ones. The highest CO2 mitigation of the case (5) and that of the conventional solar desalination were about 160 tons and 28 tons, respectively.
Use of interaction domains for a displacement-based design of caisson foundations
Authors: Rosati A. , Gaudio D. , di Prisco C. , Rampello S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCaisson foundations, typically adopted for both onshore and offshore structures, are usually subject to combined loading acting during working conditions and exceptional events such as earthquakes. Assessment of their performance under general loadings is therefore fundamental, for both serviceability and ultimate limit states. In this study, a simplified displacement-based approach, aimed at preliminary designing caisson foundations subjected to combined loading, is presented. Such an approach requires the definition of both interaction domains (IDs) and generalised pushover curves, together with the assumption of an associative flow rule. The IDs and pushover curves are obtained by interpreting the results of a set of 3D finite element nonlinear static analyses, where the response of massive cylindrical onshore caisson foundations, embedded in a layered soil profile and subjected to both centred vertical (N) and combined loads (N–Q–M), is investigated. Following previous works, the influence of initial loading factor and caisson embedment ratio on both IDs shape and size is investigated. Additionally, the effect of soil drainage conditions on the IDs is discussed. Role of load reference point (LRP) is also assessed, since a suitable choice of LRP may strongly simplify the geometrical representation of the ID. Analytical expressions for dimensionless IDs and pushover curves are presented and used at a preliminary design stage to evaluate the maximum generalised load acting on the caisson for a given threshold generalised displacement, so as not to exceed either serviceability or ultimate limit states.
Securing Housing. Wohnen, Wohnraumverluste und Wohnungslosigkeit in Nürnberg und Wien
Authors: Rösch Benedikt , Sowa Frank 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn dem an der Technischen Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm angesiedelten Forschungsprojekt „Securing Housing. Wohnen, Wohnraumverluste und Wohnungslosigkeit in Nürnberg und Wien“ wird die Wirkungsweise wohnraumsichernder Instrumente in einem Städtevergleich untersucht. Während sich die Situation auf einigen ohnehin schon angespannten urbanen Wohnungsmärkten zuungunsten ärmerer Bevölkerungsteile zunehmend zuspitzt, und es vermehrt zu Verdrängungen und zur Verknappung leistbaren Wohnraumes kommt, bleiben Unterstützungsangebote, die Wohnraumverluste abwenden oder die Folgen verringern könnten, teilweise ungenutzt oder werden erst sehr spät genutzt. Um die (Nicht‑)Akzeptanz und (Nicht‑)Wirkung besser verstehen zu können, werden die den Interventionsversuchen zu Grunde liegenden Wissensvorräte, Deutungsmuster, Kollektivsymboliken und Normalitätsvorstellungen analysiert. Es wird also untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Wahrnehmung, Interpretation und normative Beurteilung von Wohnungslosigkeit und Wohnraumverlusten durch die Beteiligten auf die Akzeptanz und Reichweite wohnungspolitischer, sozialpolitischer und sozialpädagogischer Regulierungsversuche haben.
Systematic Review of Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Pregnant Women and New Mothers
Authors: McKay Fiona H. , Spiteri Sheree , Zinga Julia , Sulemani Kineta , Jacobs Samantha E. , Ranjan Nithi , Ralph Lauren , Raeburn Eliza , Threlfall Sophie , Bergmeier Midina L. , van der Pligt Paige 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Food insecurity can have a negative health impact for women during pregnancy and the postpartum period; however, there are a range of barriers to meeting nutritional guidelines during pregnancy. Food insecurity is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications and mental and physical health outcomes. This review aims to provide insight into programmes and interventions which have targeted food insecurity in pregnant and early postpartum women. The central research question for this review is as follows: What programmes and interventions have sought to address food insecurity among pregnant and postpartum women? A systematic search of five electronic databases including Medline, CINAHL, Global Health, Embase, and Cochrane was undertaken on August 2021. Key thematic areas searched were food insecurity, pregnancy, nutritional outcomes, and interventions or programmes. Only studies that were published since 2000 in English were considered.

Recent Findings

Eleven studies were included in this review. Studies employed a range of methods and outcomes measures. They were conducted in mostly low- and middle-income countries, and in general, focused on nutritional supplementation, with some studies also incorporating nutrition education or counselling.

Summary

The findings of this review suggest that while there are a range of possible interventions that seek to address food insecurity and hunger among pregnant and postpartum women, the limited number of robust evaluations or long-term interventions mean that evidence for any one intervention type is limited. Furthermore, the programmes and interventions that do exist are generally embedded within a single context or structure, and as such, may not be able to be widely implemented. (Prospero Registration CRD42022245787)
Sequence effect of as-welded and HFMI-treated transverse attachments under variable loading with linear spectrum
Authors: Löschner Daniel , Schiller Richard , Diekhoff Paul , Engelhardt Imke , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt has been shown in several studies that methods to improve the fatigue strength of welded structures, such as high-frequency impact treatment (HFMI), can increase the fatigue life of welded joints [1–6]. The results of these investigations led to current guidelines and recommendations for the fatigue assessment of HFMI-treated welded joints. Nevertheless, in practice, there are reservations regarding the efficiency of HFMI-treated welded steel joints under variable amplitude loading. Recent results [7] from studies on transverse attachments of the material S355 and S700 under variable amplitude loading show that the fatigue strength increasing effect of the HFMI-treatment is maintained compared to the as-welded state. The aim of this study is to analyse the sequence effect on the fatigue strength of HFMI-treated transverse attachments and to validate the applicability of linear damage accumulation hypotheses for the design of as-welded and HFMI-treated welded details. In this paper, fatigue test results with random variable amplitude loading (VAL) and high-low VAL and low–high VAL with linear spectrum for the two states as-welded (AW) and HFMI-treated joints will be presented.
Long-term drought adaptation of unirrigated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Pagay Vinay , Furlan Tarita S. , Kidman Catherine M. , Nagahatenna Dilrukshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResilience to drought stress is an important crop selection and breeding target particularly under an environment of increasing freshwater scarcities resulting from higher evapotranspiration rates and reduced precipitation. Identifying new genetic material and clones with superior drought tolerance would increase available genetic resources and germplasm for both grapevine breeders and propagators, providing genetic material that has greater water use efficiency thereby reducing reliance on supplemental irrigation. Towards this goal, we explored the long-term drought adaptation of field-grown, unirrigated (or dry-grown) and own-rooted grapevines of pre-clonal origin from shallow (SR) and deep (DR) soils representing low and high soil water availability, respectively, in a South Australian vineyard. Despite lower soil moisture available to SR vines, both deep and shallow-rooted vines had similar vine water status, based on measurements of midday stem water potential ($${\Psi }_{s}$$Ψs), and leaf net photosynthesis (An). Due to the lower stomatal conductance (gs), SR had higher intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) than DR, however the carbon isotope ratio ($${\delta }^{13}C$$δ13C) of the fruit at harvest was similar between the two groups. Our observations suggest a degree of drought adaptation in the SR vines resulting from multi-decadal cyclical droughts. Overall, we demonstrate that pre-clonal Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines dry-grown in shallow soils have an enhanced resilience to drought compared to dry-grown vines in deep soils. This study has implications for selection of crop genetic material in a changing climate.
A mini-review on the impact of common gorse in its introduced ranges
Authors: Galappaththi Hansani S. S. Daluwatta , de Silva W. A. Priyanka P. , Clavijo Mccormick Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is indisputable that invasive plant species strongly impact the ecosystems they invade. Many of such impacts can be negative and threaten the local species through competition, environmental change, or habitat loss. However, introduced plants may also have positive roles in the ecosystems they invade. This review extracted information from reports on common gorse (Ulex europaeus), one of the top 100 invasive plants on the earth, including its detrimental effects and potential beneficial roles in invaded ecosystems. The reduction of native fauna and flora are the main harmful effects of common gorse identified by the literature review. Soil impoverishment and fire hazards are other negative impacts reported for common gorse that could affect agricultural systems and local economies. Despite the negative impacts, reports of positive ecological services provided by common gorse also exist, e.g., as a nursery plant or habitat for endangered native animals. We also reviewed the known human uses of this plant that could support management strategies through harvest and benefit the local communities, including its use as biofuel, raw matter for xylan extraction, medicine, and food. Finally, our review identified the gaps in the literature regarding the understanding of the beneficial role of common gorse on native ecosystems and potential human uses, especially in the tropics.
Grading Methods for Fruit Freshness Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Fu Yuhang , Nguyen Minh , Yan Wei Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFruit freshness grading is an innate ability of humans. However, there was not much work focusing on creating a fruit grading system based on digital images in deep learning. The algorithm proposed in this article has the potentiality to be employed so as to avoid wasting fruits or save fruits from throwing away. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of freshness grading scheme using computer vision and deep learning. Our scheme for grading is based on visual analysis of digital images. Numerous deep learning methods are exploited in this project, including ResNet, VGG, and GoogLeNet. AlexNet is selected as the base network, and YOLO is employed for extracting the region of interest (ROI) from digital images. Therefore, we construct a novel neural network model for fruit detection and freshness grading regarding multiclass fruit classification. The fruit images are fed into our model for training, AlexNet took the leading position; meanwhile, VGG scheme performed the best in the validation.
An efficient reduced-order framework for active/passive hybrid flutter suppression
Authors: Li D. F. , Wang Z. Z. , Da Ronch A. , Chen G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlutter suppression is an important measure to improve fatigue life and enhance the performance of aircraft in modern aircraft design. In order to design more effective controllers for flutter suppression with high efficiency, an efficient reduced-order framework for active/passive hybrid flutter suppression is proposed. The traditional CFD-based ROMs have been successfully applied to active flutter suppression with high accuracy and efficiency. But, when a structure modification is made such as in aeroelastic tailoring and aeroelastic structural optimisation, the structural model should be updated, and the expensive, time-consuming CFD-based ROMs have to be reconstructed; such a process is impractical for passive flutter suppression. To overcome the realistic challenge, an efficient reduced-order framework for active/passive hybrid flutter suppression is proposed by extending an efficient aeroelastic CFD-based POD/ROM which we have developed. The proposed framework is demonstrated and evaluated using an improved AGARD 445.6 wing model. The results show that the proposed framework can accurately predict the aeroelastic response for active/passive hybrid flutter suppression with high efficiency. It provides a powerful tool for active/passive hybrid flutter suppression, and therefore, is ideally suited to design more effective controllers, and may have the potential to reduce the overall cost of aircraft design.
Farmer-herder conflicts and food insecurity: Evidence from rural Nigeria
Authors: Nnaji Amaka , Ma Wanglin , Ratna Nazmun , Renwick Alan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFood security in many developing countries has been threatened by several factors such as unequal land distribution, ineffective land reform policies, inefficient agricultural value chains, and an increasing number of climate disasters. In Nigeria, these threats are exacerbated by rapid population growth and extreme weather events, which have resulted in farmer-herder conflicts in most agrarian communities. This paper examines the differential impacts of the incidence and severity of farmer-herder resource use conflicts on food insecurity of rural households in Nigeria. We employ a two-stage predictor substitution model to estimate survey data collected from 401 rural households in Nigeria. The empirical results show that both the incidence and the severity of farmer-herder conflicts significantly increase food insecurity, and the severity of these conflicts has a larger impact than their incidence. The estimates of the conditional mixed process models confirm the robustness of our results. Additional analysis reveals that the incidence and severity of farmer-herder conflicts positively and significantly affect food insecurity, measured by the number of days with limited varieties of food eaten. Our findings highlight the importance of policy interventions that address ongoing farmer-herder conflicts in affected countries like Nigeria to enhance food security from a sustainable development perspective.
Participant and research team perspectives on the conduct of a remote therapeutic COVID-19 clinical trial: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Daudelin Denise H. , Brewer Sarah K. , Cabrera Alyssa B. , Dulko Dorothy , Selker Harry P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Responding to the need to investigate potential treatments of COVID-19, a research team employed a telehealth platform to determine whether niclosamide, an oral anthelmintic drug that had shown antiviral activity, reduced SARS-CoV-2 shedding and duration of symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms of COVID-19. To encourage compliance with patient self-quarantine, this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted utilizing a remote telehealth design to complete all study visits, monitor symptoms, and coordinate participant self-collected specimens.

Methods:
A mixed methods approach employing surveys and interviews of trial participants and interviews of research team members was used to collect their experiences with and perspectives on the acceptability of the remote clinical trial design and delivery.

Results:
Of the 67 eligible trial participants invited to take part in a study to evaluate the telehealth platform, 46% (n = 31) completed a post-participation survey. While 97% (n = 30) of respondents had not previously participated in a clinical trial, 77% (n = 24) reported they would consider taking part in a future remote research study. The majority of respondents were moderately or very comfortable (93%) with using the technology.

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 crisis was a call to action to expand understanding of the conduct of remote clinical trials, including the experiences of research participants. Our findings showed that this approach can be both effective for the conduct of research and positive for participants. Further research on the use of telehealth research platforms seems warranted in rural, underserved populations, and remote trials of prevention, screening, and treatment.