bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic combining, heterosis analysis for horticultural traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using ToLCV-resistant lines and molecular validation of Ty genes
Authors: Chandel Rahul , Sadashiva A. T. , Ravishankar Kundapura V. , Das Anjan , Rout Bichhinna Maitri , Singh Saurabh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTomato is a pivotal vegetable crop worldwide concerning human nutrition, economy and in service to biotechnology. Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) is a begomovirus transmitted through the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and is responsible for severe losses in tomato production. In this context, the current investigation was carried out to determine heterotic combiners with high yield, resistance to ToLCV and mode of gene action for economically important traits. For this, 11 prescreened inbred lines were crossed in a half diallel fashion to generate 55 F1 hybrids. The 55 crosses with 11 parents and commercial checks were evaluated for different horticultural traits and resistance to ToLCV. The molecular validation with SCAR markers TG0302 and SCAR1 confirmed the presence of ToLCV-resistant genes in parents and their crosses. The hybrid IIHR-2902 × IIHR-2852 showed the presence of both Ty-2 and Ty-3 alleles in the homozygous state. The estimation of σSCA2 and σGCA2 was significant. It also indicated that the genetic control of target traits was under additive and non-additive gene effects. The values of σA/D2 along with σGCA2/σSCA2 found to be less than unity indicates the preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of the studied traits except for percent disease incidence. The parental line IIHR-2919 was the best combiner for fruit and yield traits. The cross combinations IIHR-2913 × IIHR-2898 exhibited significantly higher economic heterosis for yield along with the presence of Ty-2 and Ty-3 genes. The study paves the way for breeding high yielding and ToLCV-resistant hybrids in tomato.
Reproductive fluids, added to the culture media, contribute to minimizing phenotypical differences between in vitro-derived and artificial insemination-derived piglets
Authors: París-Oller Evelyne , Soriano-Úbeda Cristina , Belda-Pérez Ramsés , Sarriás-Gil Lucía , Lopes Jordana S. , Canha-Gouveia Analuce , Gadea Joaquín , Vieira Luis Alberto , García-Vázquez Francisco Alberto , Romar Raquel , Cánovas Sebastian , Coy Pilar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe addition of reproductive fluids (RF) to the culture media has shown benefits in different embryonic traits but its long-term effects on the offspring phenotype are still unknown. We aimed to describe such effects in pigs. Blood samples and growth parameters were collected from piglets derived from in vitro-produced embryos (IVP) with or without RF added in the culture media versus those artificially inseminated (AI), from day 0 to month 6 of life. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 45 of life. We show here the first comparative data of the growth of animals produced through different assisted reproductive techniques, demonstrating differences between groups. Overall, there was a tendency to have a larger size at birth and faster growth in animals derived from in vitro fertilization and embryo culture versus AI, although this trend was diminished by the addition of RFs to the culture media. Similarly, small differences in hematological indices and glucose tolerance between animals derived from AI and those derived from IVP, with a sex-dependent effect, tended to fade in the presence of RF. The addition of RF to the culture media could contribute to minimizing the phenotypical differences between the in vitro-derived and AI offspring, particularly in males.
Curved Trajectory Effect on Charge‐Exchange Collision at Ionospheric Temperatures
Authors: Ieda A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCollision between ions and neutral particles is an essential characteristic of Earth's ionosphere. This ion‐neutral collision is usually caused by the polarization of neutral particles. This collision can also be caused by charge exchange, if the particle pair is parental, such as atomic oxygen and its ion. The total collision frequency is not the sum of the polarization and charge‐exchange components, but is essentially equal to the dominant component. The total is enhanced only around the classic transition temperature, which is near the ionospheric temperature range (typically 200–2000 K). However, the magnitude of this enhancement has differed among previous studies; the maximum enhancement has been reported as 41% and 11% without physical explanation. In the present study, the contribution of the polarization force to the charge‐exchange collision is expressed as a simple curved particle trajectory effect. As a result, the maximum enhancement is found to be 22%. It is discussed that the enhancement has been neglected in classic ionospheric studies partly due to confusion with the glancing particle contribution, which adds 10.5% to the polarization component. The enhancement has been neglected presumably also because there has been no functional form to express it. Such an expression is derived in this study.
Transpolar Arcs: Seasonal Dependence Identified by an Automated Detection Algorithm
Authors: Bower G. E. , Milan S. E. , Paxton L. J. , Imber S. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTranspolar arcs (TPAs) are auroral features that occur polewards of the main auroral oval suggesting that the magnetosphere has acquired a complicated magnetic topology. They are primarily a northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) auroral phenomenon, and their formation and evolution have no single explanation that is unanimously agreed upon. An automated detection algorithm has been developed to detect the occurrence of TPAs in UV images captured from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) instrument onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft, in order to further study their occurrence. Via this detection algorithm TPAs are identified as a peak in the average radiance intensity poleward of 12.5° colatitude, in two or more of the wavelengths/bands sensed by SSUSI. Using the detection algorithm for the years 2010 to 2016, over 5000 images containing TPAs are identified. The occurrence of these TPAs shows a seasonal dependence, with more arcs being visible in the winter hemisphere. The orbital plane of DMSP has been investigated as a possible explanation of the dependences in the results of the detection algorithm. For the spacecraft of interest this leads to a preferential observation of the northern hemisphere with the detection algorithm missing TPAs in the southern hemisphere around 01–06 UT. No seasonal bias has been found for these spacecraft. We discuss the ramifications of these findings in terms of proposed TPA generation mechanisms and suggest reasons for the seasonal dependence including it being a reflection of probability of seeing TPAs due to visibility.
Energetic Ions Downtail of the Reconnection Site
Authors: Birn Joachim , Hesse Michael , Runov Andrei , Turner Drew L. , Cohen Ian , Slavin James A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing combined MHD/test particle simulations, we explore characteristics of ion (proton) acceleration tailward of a near‐Earth reconnection site. We present spatial distributions and explore acceleration mechanisms and sources of accelerated ions. Acceleration is due primarily due simple crossings of the enhanced electric field near the x‐line or in the departing plasmoid. The energetic particle distributions show the expected energy dispersed tailward streaming at the plasma sheet boundary, while equatorial distributions are more complicated, resulting from different acceleration sites within the moving plasmoid. Sources are mostly inside the central plasma sheet dawnward of the plasmoid.
An Experimental Study of the Breakthrough‐Phase and Return‐Stroke Processes in Long Sparks
Authors: Bogatov N. A. , Syssoev V. S. , Sukharevsky D. I. , Orlov A. I. , Rakov V. A. , Mareev E. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of the brightness of a long‐spark channel during the breakthrough and the return‐stroke phases of discharge development were experimentally studied using streak‐camera images synchronized with current recordings at the high‐voltage electrode. The velocities of primary positive leader developing from the high‐voltage electrode and connecting negative leader extending from the grounded electrode during the breakthrough phase were measured as a function of the discharge current and the distance between leader tips. The velocities of the return‐stroke waves propagating upward and downward along the positive and negative leader channels, respectively, were also measured. The connection region exhibited channel splitting and reduced brightness relative to the channels above and below it.
Global Simulation of Snow Algal Blooming by Coupling a Land Surface and Newly Developed Snow Algae Models
Authors: Onuma Y. , Yoshimura K. , Takeuchi N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSnow algae are found from spring to summer on snowfields and glaciers throughout the world. Their blooming darkens snow surfaces, reducing snow surface albedo and accelerating melting. Uncertainties remain, however, regarding the blooming season and global distribution of these algae. To reproduce snow algal bloom temporal and geographical variability, we improved an existing snow algae model using a land surface model calibrated with a reanalysis dataset of the global atmosphere. Snowfall and daylight length data for selected model locations were also incorporated. To evaluate its performance, we used in situ observational data from 15 polar to alpine area sites. The improvements made in this study allowed the reconstruction of detailed snow algal blooming reports from various locations worldwide, and the results suggested that the major factors affecting the appearance of snow algal blooming were the snow melting period duration and algal growth interruption by new snow cover. We then incorporated the updated snow algae model into a land surface model and performed a global simulation. In this case, our simulation suggested that red snow could appear on snowfields during the melting season but only in the absence of frequent new snowfalls, and if the snow cover persists long enough to allow prolonged algal growth. This simulation has the potential to be used for global prediction of future red snow phenomena, which are likely to synchronize with global climate change.
High-performance photodetector based on an interface engineering-assisted graphene/silicon Schottky junction
Authors: Ji Peirui , Yang Shuming , Wang Yu , Li Kaili , Wang Yiming , Suo Hao , Woldu Yonas Tesfaye , Wang Xiaomin , Wang Fei , Zhang Liangliang , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGraphene/silicon Schottky junctions have been proven efficient for photodetection, but the existing high dark current seriously restricts applications such as weak signal detection. In this paper, a thin layer of gadolinium iron garnet (Gd3Fe5O12, GdIG) film is introduced to engineer the interface of a graphene/silicon Schottky photodetector. The novel structure shows a significant decrease in dark current by 54 times at a −2 V bias. It also exhibits high performance in a self-powered mode in terms of an Ilight/Idark ratio up to 8.2 × 106 and a specific detectivity of 1.35 × 1013 Jones at 633 nm, showing appealing potential for weak-light detection. Practical suitability characterizations reveal a broadband absorption covering ultraviolet to near-infrared light and a large linear response with a wide range of light intensities. The device holds an operation speed of 0.15 ms, a stable response for 500 continuous working cycles, and long-term environmental stability after several months. Theoretical analysis shows that the interlayer increases the barrier height and passivates the contact surface so that the dark current is suppressed. This work demonstrates the good capacity of GdIG thin films as interlayer materials and provides a new solution for high-performance photodetectors.
Neonatal sepsis: a systematic review of core outcomes from randomised clinical trials
Authors: Henry Cían J. , Semova Gergana , Barnes Ellen , Cotter Isabel , Devers Tara , Rafaee Aisyah , Slavescu Andreea , Cathain Niamh O. , McCollum Danielle , Roche Edna , Mockler David , Allen John , Meehan Judith , Klingenberg Claus , Latour Jos M. , van den Hoogen Agnes , Strunk Tobias , Giannoni Eric , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Degtyareva Marina , Plötz Frans B. , de Boode Willem P. , Naver Lars , Wynn James L. , Küster Helmut , Janota Jan , Keij Fleur M. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Bliss Joseph M. , Polin Richard , Koenig Joyce M. , Turner Mark A. , Gale Christopher , Molloy Eleanor J. ,   On behalf of the Infection, Inflammation, Immunology and Immunisation (I4) section of the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR)
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The lack of a consensus definition of neonatal sepsis and a core outcome set (COS) proves a substantial impediment to research that influences policy and practice relevant to key stakeholders, patients and parents.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In the included studies, the described outcomes were extracted in accordance with the provisions of the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) handbook and registered.

Results
Among 884 abstracts identified, 90 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review. Only 30 manuscripts explicitly stated the primary and/or secondary outcomes. A total of 88 distinct outcomes were recorded across all 90 studies included. These were then assigned to seven different domains in line with the taxonomy for classification proposed by the COMET initiative. The most frequently reported outcome was survival with 74% (n = 67) of the studies reporting an outcome within this domain.

Conclusions
This systematic review constitutes one of the initial phases in the protocol for developing a COS in neonatal sepsis. The paucity of standardised outcome reporting in neonatal sepsis hinders comparison and synthesis of data. The final phase will involve a Delphi Survey to generate a COS in neonatal sepsis by consensus recommendation.

Impact

This systematic review identified a wide variation of outcomes reported among published RCTs on the management of neonatal sepsis.

The paucity of standardised outcome reporting hinders comparison and synthesis of data and future meta-analyses with conclusive recommendations on the management of neonatal sepsis are unlikely.

The final phase will involve a Delphi Survey to determine a COS by consensus recommendation with input from all relevant stakeholders.
Toxic potency-adjusted control of air pollution for solid fuel combustion
Authors: Wu Di , Zheng Haotian , Li Qing , Jin Ling , Lyu Rui , Ding Xiang , Huo Yaoqiang , Zhao Bin , Jiang Jingkun , Chen Jianmin , Li Xiangdong , Wang Shuxiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe combustion of solid fuels, including coal and biomass, is a main anthropogenic source of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). The hidden costs have been underestimated due to lack of consideration of the toxicity of PM. Here we report the unequal toxicity of inhalable PM emitted from energy use in the residential sector and coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). The incomplete burning of solid fuels in household stoves generates much higher concentrations of carbonaceous matter, resulting in more than one order of magnitude greater toxicity than that from CFPPs. When compared with CFPPs, the residential sector consumed only a tenth of solid fuels in mainland China in 2017, but it contributed about 200-fold higher of the population-weighted toxic potency-adjusted PM2.5 exposure risk. We suggest that PM2.5-related toxicity should be considered when making air pollution emission control strategies, and incomplete combustion sources should receive more policy attention to reduce exposure risks.
Optically reconfigurable quasi-phase-matching in silicon nitride microresonators
Authors: Nitiss Edgars , Hu Jianqi , Stroganov Anton , Brès Camille-Sophie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuasi-phase-matching has long been a widely used approach in nonlinear photonics, enabling efficient parametric frequency conversions such as second-harmonic generation. However, in silicon photonics the task remains challenging, as materials best suited for photonic integration lack second-order susceptibility (χ(2)), and means for achieving momentum conservation are limited. Here we present optically reconfigurable quasi-phase-matching in large-radius silicon nitride microresonators, resulting in up to 12.5-mW on-chip second-harmonic generated power and a conversion efficiency of 47.6% W−1. Most importantly, we show that such all-optical poling can occur unconstrained from intermodal phase-matching, leading to broadly tunable second-harmonic generation. We confirm the phenomenon by two-photon imaging of the inscribed χ(2) grating structures within the microresonators as well as by in situ tracking of both the pump and second-harmonic mode resonances during all-optical poling. These results unambiguously establish that the photogalvanic effect, responsible for all-optical poling, can overcome phase mismatch constraints, even in resonant systems.
Clinical features of invasive fungal disease in children with no underlying disease
Authors: Huang Juan , Liu Chentao , Zheng Xiangrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is limited research into Invasive fungal disease (IFD) in children with no underlying disease. We undertook a retrospective study of children with IFD who did not suffer from another underlying disease, from June 2010 to March 2018 in Changsha, China. Nine children were identified. Eosinophil counts were elevated in six cases. The level of procalcitonin (PCT) was elevated in six cases. Fungal culture was positive in all patients, including eight cases of Cryptococcus neoformans and one case of Candida parapsilosis. 8.33 days following antifungal treatment, the body temperature of the eight patients affected by cryptococcal disease had returned to normal. Our study indicates that the primary pathogen in IFD was Cryptococcus neoformans in children who had no other underlying disease. Eosinophils can be considered to be indicators of cryptococcal infection. IFD in children with no other underlying disease has a satisfactory prognosis.
Complete de novo assembly of Wolbachia endosymbiont of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) using long-read genome sequencing
Authors: Neupane Surendra , Bonilla Sylvia I. , Manalo Andrew M. , Pelz-Stelinski Kirsten S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWolbachia, a gram-negative$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$α-proteobacterium, is an endosymbiont found in some arthropods and nematodes. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), are naturally infected with a strain of Wolbachia (wDi), which has been shown to colocalize with the bacteria pathogens CLas, the pathogen associated with huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus. The relationship betweenwDi and CLas is poorly understood in part because the complete genome ofwDi has not been available. Using high-quality long-read PacBio circular consensus sequences, we present the largest complete circularwDi genome among supergroup-B members. The assembled circular chromosome is 1.52 megabases with 95.7% genome completeness with contamination of 1.45%, as assessed by checkM. We identified Insertion Sequences (ISs) and prophage genes scattered throughout the genomes. The proteins were annotated using Pfam, eggNOG, and COG that assigned unique domains and functions. ThewDi genome was compared with previously sequenced Wolbachia genomes using pangenome and phylogenetic analyses. The availability of a complete circular chromosome ofwDi will facilitate understanding of its role within the insect vector, which may assist in developing tools for disease management. This information also provides a baseline for understanding phylogenetic relationships among Wolbachia of other insect vectors.
Regression of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development after HCV eradication with oral antiviral agents
Authors: Yoo Hae Won , Park Jun Yong , Kim Sang Gyune , Jung Young Kul , Lee Sae Hwan , Kim Moon Young , Jun Dae Won , Jang Jae Young , Lee Jin Woo , Kwon Oh Sang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe prospectively investigated the changes of liver stiffness (LS) and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication using direct antiviral agents (DAA) over three years. LS measurement using transient elastography and serum fibrosis surrogate markers before treatment and at 48, 96, 144 weeks after starting direct-acting antivirals (DAA) according to the protocol were evaluated. Patients were also compared with historical cohort treated with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN). Sustained viral response (SVR) was observed in 95.8%. LS value in the patients achieving SVR significantly decreased over time (19.4 ± 12.9 kPa [baseline], 13.9 ± 9.1 kPa [48 weeks], 11.7 ± 8.2 kPa [96 weeks], 10.09 ± 6.23 [144 weeks], all p < 0.001). With matched analysis, the decrease in LS value was significantly larger in DAA group than peg-IFN group at both 48 weeks (29% vs. 9%) and 96 weeks (39% vs. 17%). The incidence of HCC was not significantly different between DAA and peg-IFN groups (5.5% vs. 5.4%) at 144 weeks. HCV eradication with DAA can lead to improvement of liver stiffness over time. The regression of fibrosis was greater in the group with DAA than peg-IFN.Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02865369).
Resilience of countries to COVID-19 correlated with trust
Authors: Lenton Timothy M. , Boulton Chris A. , Scheffer Marten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe characterized > 150 countries’ resilience to COVID-19 as the nationwide decay rate of daily cases or deaths from peak levels. Resilience to COVID-19 varies by a factor of ~ 40 between countries for cases/capita and ~ 25 for deaths/capita. Trust within society is positively correlated with country-level resilience to COVID-19, as is the adaptive increase in stringency of government interventions when epidemic waves occur. By contrast, countries where governments maintain greater background stringency tend to have lower trust within society and tend to be less resilient. All countries where > 40% agree “most people can be trusted” achieve a near complete reduction of new cases and deaths, but so do several less-trusting societies. As the pandemic progressed, resilience tended to decline, as adaptive increases in stringency also declined. These results add to evidence that trust can improve resilience to epidemics and other unexpected disruptions, of which COVID-19 is unlikely to be the last.