bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Protoclusters and Protogroups at z ∼ 2.5 Using Lyα Tomography
Authors: Qezlou Mahdi , Newman Andrew B. , Rudie Gwen C. , Bird Simeon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lyα tomography surveys have begun to produce 3D maps of the intergalactic medium opacity at z ∼ 2.5 with megaparsec resolution. These surveys provide an exciting new way to discover and characterize high-redshift overdensities, including the progenitors of today’s massive groups and clusters of galaxies, known as protogroups and protoclusters. We use the IllustrisTNG-300 hydrodynamical simulation to build mock maps that realistically mimic those observed in the Lyα Tomographic IMACS Survey. We introduce a novel method for delineating the boundaries of structures detected in 3D Lyα flux maps by applying the watershed algorithm. We provide estimators for the dark matter masses of these structures (at z ∼ 2.5), their descendant halo masses at z = 0, and the corresponding uncertainties. We also investigate the completeness of this method for the detection of protogroups and protoclusters. Compared to earlier work, we apply and characterize our method over a wider mass range that extends to massive protogroups. We also assess the widely used fluctuating Gunn–Peterson approximation applied to dark-matter-only simulations; we conclude that while it is adequate for estimating the Lyα absorption signal from moderate-to-massive protoclusters (≳1014.2
h
−1
M
⊙), it artificially merges a minority of lower-mass structures with more massive neighbors. Our methods will be applied to current and future Lyα tomography surveys to create catalogs of overdensities and study environment-dependent galactic evolution in the Cosmic Noon era.
An outbreak of Ralstonia pickettii bloodstream infection and clinical outcomes
Authors: Menekşe Şirin , Hacıseyitoğlu Demet , Süzük Yıldız Serap , Bayrakdar Fatma 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Ralstonia pickettii infections are rare and may be mistaken for other bacteria. This study aims to report a hospital outbreak of R. pickettii at a tertiary hospital, which was initially misidentified as Ralstonia insidiosa, along with its clinical consequences.
Methodology: A bacteraemia outbreak occurred between August 14 and October 4, 2019, infecting 22 patients admitted to diverse intensive care units. All isolates were identified with the use of the automated VITEK 2 Compact system and were then subjected to a microbial identification system, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Bacterial identification and genomic DNA typing was made using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Investigation covered all potential sources of the outbreak.
Results: An index patient and five additional patients developed fever while receiving care. Blood cultures of these patients yielded R. insidiosa by the VITEK 2 Compact system. Culture isolates were then submitted to a reference centre for confirmation by the MALDI-TOF MS system, where the bacterium turned out to be R. pickettii. No pathogen was isolated in the commercial products except for three samples of unopened sterile distilled water. Despite its discontinuation, 16 new cases were identified, in which blood cultures grew R. pickettii by the MALDI-TOF MS system. Attempts to uncover the source of the outbreak failed. Clinical manifestation was confined to fever in all the patients.
Conclusions: During this outbreak, R. pickettii infections ran a relatively mild course without clinical deterioration or mortality, possibly due to low virulence.
First record of the genus Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 from China, with description of one new species (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Authors: Mu Yannan , Zhang Feng 
Published: May 2022

The spider family Liocranidae Simon, 1897 contains 35 genera and 308 species, including six genera and 33 species reported in China, which are: Agroeca Westring, 1861 (13 species), Jacaena Thorell, 1897 (7 species), Mesiotelus Simon, 1897 (1 species), Oedignatha Thorell, 1881 (2 species), Paratus Simon, 1898 (4 species), Sesieutes Simon, 1897 (1 species) and Sphingius Thorell, 1890 (5 species).
The spider genus Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 is described from China for the first time, with one new species Arabelia xizang sp. nov.
‘I want to live for them’; Determinants of Uptake of Clinical Breast Examination: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Camillus Buunaaisie , Nyinaku Philip , Mingle Daniel , Adiasani Cynthia 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundClinical breast examination is still relevant in resource-constrained countries for the early detection of breast cancer. Uptake of breast cancer screening programmes in developing countries remains low. It is imperative to explore the factors that influence women’s decision to participate in screening services.ObjectiveTo examine the perceptions, motivations, and barriers to uptake of clinical breast examination.MethodsThis was a descriptive qualitative inquiry. Twelve women who participated in clinical breast examinations were purposively sampled for semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed.ResultsFear of death, personal interest, excellent customer service, and public education motivated participation in the clinical breast examination. Perceived benefits included psychological relief, early detection, inspiring other women, and the acquisition of skills and knowledge. Anxiety about being diagnosed with breast cancer, financial constraints, poor service delivery, and peer pressure were the perceived barriers. Participants who felt anxious about breast cancer performed self-breast examinations more often than the standard practice. The knowledge of participants about breast cancer and breast cancer screening techniques was generally poor.ConclusionHealth interventions designed to promote health seeking behaviors need to be realigned to reflect the evidence on the factors influencing the uptake of these interventions.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):85-98
Prevalence of Surgical site Infection among Adult Patients at a Rural District Hospital in Southern Province, Rwanda
Authors: Mukamuhirwa Deborah , Lilian Omondi , Baziga Vedaste , Ingabire Cecile , Ntakirutimana Christian , Mukantwari Joselyne , Nyirasafari Emerthe , Bagweneza Vedaste , Ngerageze Innocent , Umutesi Marie Christine 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundGlobally, postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) is among the top causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of SSI among adult patients that underwent surgery at a hospital in the Southern Province, Rwanda. MethodThe study design was cross-sectional and used structured questionnaires, interviews and reviewed patients’ file records. Data were collected on 122 participants selected using the convenient sampling strategy. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 2020 was used to analyze the data. ResultsMost (86.1%) of the participants were females, the majority (48.4%) were aged 28-37 years. The prevalence of SSI was 8.2%, and most (90%) of the infected patients had undergone Caesarean section. Being HIV positive increased the risk for developing SSI. (X2: 9.604, df:1, CI: 1.7053; 19.8652; p value=0.014).ConclusionThe prevalence of SSI was 8.2%. Therefore, there is a need for enhancing preventive measures, early detection and treatment that will reduce the comorbidities of infected patients. HIV patients would need further attention.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):34-45
Incidence of Spinal Anesthesia Induced Severe Hypotension among the Pregnant Women Undergoing Cesarean Section at Muhima Hospital
Authors: Munyanziza Thomas 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe spinal induced severe hypotension is frequently reported during cesarean section; the literature counts 70% of severe hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. This complication is thought to be serious and even fatal, when not well managed; however, in Rwanda, we have a limited data about that spinal induced life-threatening complication. ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and factors associated with spinal anesthesia induced severe hypotension during caesarian section at Muhima hospital.MethodologyThe study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical in design. The study population was the pregnant women scheduled for cesarean section, and a sample size of 108 was used. A self-developed questionnaire was used as data collection tool. ResultsForty percent of participants’ experienced spinal anesthesia induced severe hypotension; while preloading, left tilt position and infusion of ephedrine, were associated with lower incidence of severe hypotension.ConclusionThe incidence of spinal induced severe hypotension is high, however, preloading; left lateral position and co-infusion of ephedrine were found to protect the participants from spinal induced severe hypotension. Therefore, these techniques should be promoted.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):62-70
Pola Bagihasil (Teseng) pada Usaha Penggemukan Sapi di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Sirajuddin Sitti Nurani , Aminawar Aminawar , Saleh Ikrar M. , Agustina Agustina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the pattern of profit sharing (Teseng) in cattle fattening business in Bone Regency. The study was conducted from December to January 2020. Data collection took place in Masago Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency. The selection of this location as the research location was because at that location the beef cattle breeder community applies a traditional pattern commonly called Teseng. The type of research used was descriptive quantitative research. The types of data are qualitative data and quantitative data. Sources of research data are primary data and secondary data. The population in the study were all 25 farmers who carried out the Teseng profit-sharing system in Masago Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency. The sampling technique in this study was purposive with the number of cattle ownership as many as 10 and 15 farmers. The data collection methods are field observation and literature study. The data analysis was quantitative descriptive using income analysis. The results show a pattern of profit sharing system in beef cattle fattening business in Masago Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency, namely 60% for livestock owners and: 40% for farmers.
Key words: Cattle; Farmers; Sharing profit; System

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran/persentase bagihasil (Teseng) pada usaha penggemukan sapi di Kabupaten Bone. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember sampai Januari 2020. Pengambilan data bertempat di Desa Masago, Kecamatan Patimpeng, Kabupaten Bone. Adapun pemilihan lokasi ini sebagai lokasi penelitian yaitu karena di lokasi tersebut masyarakat peternak sapi potong menerapkan pola tradisional yang biasa disebut Teseng. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yaitu penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Jenis data adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Populasi pada penelitian adalah seluruh peternak yang berjumlah 25 orang yang melakukan sistem bagi hasil Teseng di Desa Masago, Kecamatan Patimpeng, Kabupaten Bone. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive yaitu dengan jumlah kepemilikan sapi sebanyak 10 ekor dan 15 ekor. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu observasi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Analisis data yaitu kuantitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola sistem bagi hasil pada usaha penggemukan sapi potong di Desa Masago, Kecamatan Patimpeng Kabupaten Bone yaitu 60% untuk pemilik ternak dan 40% untuk peternak.
Kata kunci: Bagihasil; Peternak; Sapi; Sistem
Dampak Penambahan Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) pada Pakan Terhadap Status Fisiologis Ternak Kambing Kacang (Capra aegragus hircus)
Authors: Palulungan John Arnold , Saragih Evi Warintan , Purwaningsih  , Noviyanti Noviyanti 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak
This study aims to determine the impact of the physiological status of goats with a higher proportion of lamtoro leaves. Forage feed given to goats consisted of a combination of raja grass, Gamal and lamtoro leaves with the following composition: P1= Raja grass 50% + Gamal 50%; P2= Raja grass 40% + Gamal leaf 40% + Lamtoro leaf 20%; P3 = Raja grass 30% + Gamal leaf 30% + Lamtoro leaf 40%. In general, the provision of lamtoro leaves up to 40% of the total ratio did not have a negative impact on the kambing kacang growth and health. The rectal temperature and pulse count in goats were in the normal range for goats, but the respiration rate was twice the normal range. The high frequency of respiration is thought to be due to the high proportion of legumes in the ratio which can increase the amount of feed consumption due to the high palatability of the legumes. This will have an impact on the body's metabolism which is indicated by an increase in respiration. However, the high frequency of respiration in this study can also be caused by environmental factors (temperature and humidty) which were quite high during the study.
Keywords: Capra aegragus hircus; Goat; Leucaena leucocephala; Physiologis status.

Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) pada status fisiologi ternak kambing kacang. Proporsi daun lamtoro pada pakan ternak kambing diberikan berkisar antara 20-40%. Pemberian lamtoro dikombinasikan dengan pakan hijauan lain dengan komposisi sebagai berikut: P1= Rumput raja 50 % + gamal 50% + lamtor (0%); P2= Rumput raja 40% +daun gamal 40% + daun lamtoro 20%; P3= Rumput raja 30% + daun gamal 30% + daun lamtoro 40%. Secara umum pemberian daun lamtoro hingga 40% dari total ransum tidak memberikan dampak negatif terhadap status fisiologi ternak kambing kacang. Suhu rektal dan jumlah pulsus pada ternak kambing berada pada kisaran normal untuk ternak kambing, namun jumlah respirasi dua kali lipat dari kisaran normal. Tingginya frekwensi respirasi diuga disebagakan tingginya proporsi legum pada ransum yang dapat meningkatkan jumlah konsumsi pakan karena tingginya palatabilitas legum. Hal ini akan berdampak pada metabolisme tubuh yang diindikasikan dengan peningkatan respirasi. Namun demikian tingginya frekwensi respirasi pada penelitian ini dapat juga disebabkan faktor lingkungan (temperature dan kelembaban) yang cukup tinggi semasa penelitian.
Kata kunci: Capra aegragus hircus; Kambing kacang; Leucaena leucocephala; Status fisiologis
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Case Report
Authors: Tambe Dr. Pranita , Misal Dr. Ganesh , Waydande Dr. Suresh 
Published: May 2022

We are in the midst of an unprecedented global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Although, initially thought to a?ect children less severely, 1–3 SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been associated with a novel set of clinical manifestations presently called multisystem in?ammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)4 as shown a rapid increment in cases across the world among the pediatric population. Here, we bring a case report, followed up in the rural tertiary care hospital.
Is Omicron a Tsunami? What should be the strategy to prevent the loss?
Authors: Mulazim Hussain Bukhari  
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic began in December 2019 with the 5th wave setting in from January 2022. Every wave was due to the emergence of a new variant of the virus. The first wave was caused by the Wuhan Virus from 26th February- September 2020, second wave lasted from 28th Oct 2020 to February 2021 whereas the third wave or UK variant emerged from our neighbouring country India. Corona first and second wave in Pakistan, and strategies The 1st and 2nd waves were associated with a low death rate. It was well controlled due to being timely managed by the Government. It was short lived as the case and death rates began to recede rapidly after peaking. The management policies of smart and partial lockdowns proved successful by curbing the transmission of the disease. The same strategies were adopted in the second wave. The first wave claimed 6795 lives, infected 332,186, left behind 632 on ventilators. During the 2nd wave, there were 579,973 infected and 12,860 died till 28th February 2021.
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‘Haemodialysis burden’ overweighs the associations of demographic, social and clinical factors on quality of life: a single centre study from Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Imran , Dhrolia Murtaza , Qureshi Ruqaya , Nasir Kiran , Ahmad Aasim 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To assess health-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients, and the impact of various factors in this regard.
Method: The retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted at The Kidney Centre Post-Graduate Training Institute, Karachi, and comprised data from June to December 2019 of patients on maintenance haemodialysis. The health-related quality of life was assessed using the self-administered Urdu version of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form version 1.3. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 150 questionnaires distributed, 110(73.3%) were received fully completed. There were 64(58.2%) males, 46(41.8%) were females, 90(81.8%) were under aged <60 years, 76(69%) were married, 54(49.1%) had income up to PKR50,000, 64(58.2%) had received education up to secondary school, and 56(50.9%) had been on haemodialysis for <5 years. The overall health-related quality of life mean score was 52.0±11.7, and it had no significant association with age, gender, haemodialysis duration, marital status, education level, and income of the subjects (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The health-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients was not found to have significant association with age, gender, haemodialysis duration, marital status, education level, and income.
Key Words: Quality of life, Haemodialysis, Kidney disease.
Knowledge and practice of ethics among postgraduates in a public sector tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sahlish Kumar  , Iqra Ismail  , Komal Noorani  , Fatima Ashraf Ganatra  , Insiya Hashim  , Sara Maratib Ali  , Abu Talib  
Published: May 2022

Objective: To explore the present state of competency in clinical ethics among postgraduate trainees in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: The interview-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from September 2018 to March 2019, and comprised postgraduate trainees of either gender in any year of the training program across all specialties. Data was collected using self-reported questionnaire seeking opinion about present working conditions regarding clinical ethical issues on the hospital ground and problems they face from day to day. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 153 subjects, 96(62.7%) were females, 73(47.7%) were from Medicine and allied disciplines, and 80(52.3%) were from Surgery and allied disciplines. The primary source of their clinical ethics’ understanding was derived from their workplace [116(75.82%)]. While only 104 (68%) of the subjects knew about the Hippocratic Oath’s contents, less than 10% knew about Nuremberg Code and Helsinki declaration. They mainly relied on their seniors at work for guidance on ethical issues [108 (70.59%)]. Overall, the subjects lacked basic knowledge of medical ethics and failed to practise ethical conduct during their training.
Conclusions: The knowledge of medical ethics was found to be unsatisfactory among doctors, and timely intervention was needed to improve the situation.
Key Words: Clinical ethics, Postgraduate education, Knowledge, Practices, Pakistan.
Determining Gene Expression of MyoD, IGF-I and STAT5B Genes in the Japanese Quail Leg Muscles Which Reared Under Two Different Lighting Systems
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Mervan , ŞİMŞEK SEZER Ela Nur 
Published: May 2022

Light is a very important factor in growth and reproduction. This study aims to determine the effect of two different lighting systems on the expression of MyoD, IGF-I and STAT5B genes in the leg muscles of the Japanese quail. For this aim, two lighting systems were used; 16 hours’ light: 8 hours’ darkness (16 h L: 8 h D) group I and 8 hours’ light: 16 hours’ darkness (8 h L: 16 h D) group II. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for assessment of the gene expression levels in leg muscles. When the Real Time PCR results were evaluated, it was determined that MyoD gene expression was higher in group I than in group II.
On the other hand, when IGF-I and STAT5B gene expressions were evaluated, the opposite situation was found, namely higher expression in group II compared to group I.
Can diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) outperform standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations in post-COVID-19 autoimmune encephalitis?
Authors: Latini Francesco , Fahlström Markus , Fällmar David , Marklund Niklas , Cunningham Janet L. , Feresiadou Amalia 
Published: May 2022

Background: Neurological and psychiatric manifestations related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are widely recognised. Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations are normal in 40–80% of symptomatic patients, eventually delaying appropriate treatment when MRI is unrevealing any structural changes. The aim of this study is to investigate white matter abnormalities during an early stage of post-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) encephalitis while conventional MRI was normal.
Methods: A patient with post-COVID-19 autoimmune encephalitis was investigated by serial MRIs and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Ten healthy control individuals (HC) were utilised as a control group for the DTI analysis. Major projection, commissural and association white matter pathways were reconstructed, and multiple diffusion parameters were analysed and then compared to the HC average using a z-test for serial examinations.
Results: Eleven days after the onset of neurological symptoms, DTI revealed early white matter changes, compared with HC, when standard MRI was normal. On day 68, DTI showed multiple white matter lesions compared with HC, visible at this time also by the MRI images, indicating inflammatory changes in different association and projection white matter pathways.
Conclusion: We confirm a limitation in the sensitivity of conventional MRI at the acute setting of post-COVID-19 autoimmune encephalitis. A complementary DTI investigation could be a valuable diagnostic tool in early therapeutic decisions concerning COVID-19-related neurological symptoms.
Determinant of Fraud Detection on Financial Statement
Authors: Hatuwe Rahma Satya Masna , Musa Muhammad Nur Deni , - Saling , Marihi La Ode 
Published: May 2022

This study was a replication of conceptual model of empirical studies aimed to analyze the effect of professional skepticisms, auditor experience, competency, independence and time pressure on the fraud detection of financial statement. The result of this study was expected to be able reducing the gap among the so many empirical studies existing. This study could be categorized as explanatory research. The samples in this study were all the auditors in BPKP Maluku and Papua consisting of 88 auditors. The analysis tool used was multiple linear regression analysis with questionnaire instrument as data collection instrument.
The result of this study showed that (1) Professional skepticism and auditors experience hand significant impact on the author ability in detecting fraud on financial statement. (2) Competence and independence of auditors had not significant effect on the auditors ability in detecting fraud. (3) Time pressure affected the auditors ability in detecting fraud but it was not significant.