bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted optimization of β
N limit for steady-state scenario with double transport barriers in HL-2M tokamak
Authors: Wang Yuanzhen , Sun Aiping , Li Zhengji , Wang Zhuo , Liu Yue , Xu Xinliang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The equilibria of the HL-2M tokamak, designed for steady-state operation with reversed magnetic shear and double transport barriers, are calculated using TOQ code, and the

n
=
1

linear ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the equilibria is investigated using GATO code. To improve the beta (

β

N

) limit, the MHD stability of the equilibria with different heights of internal transport barrier (ITB) and edge transport barrier (ETB) is simulated. The simulation results indicate that the ITB drives low

m

globalized modes while the ETB drives high

m

edge localized modes, and thus a moderate barrier height ratio is beneficial to MHD stability. By adjusting the heights of both barriers with different plasma shapes, as well as different locations and widths of ITBs, optimal equilibria with improved MHD stability are achieved, which always have a moderate barrier height ratio unless the ITB is extremely wide or very close to the edge. In ideal-wall conditions, when the ITB is wide enough or very close to the edge,

β

N

limits could exceed six, or even reach seven in some special cases. Increasing elongation and triangularity, broadening the ITB, as well as moving the ITB to a large minor radius, can contribute to the optimization of the

β

N

limit, especially when combined with the stabilizing effect from an ideal wall.
Sympathetic cooling schemes for separately trapped ions coupled via image currents
Authors: Will C , Bohman M , Driscoll T , Wiesinger M , Abbass F , Borchert M J , Devlin J A , Erlewein S , Fleck M , Latacz B , Moller R , Mooser A , Popper D , Wursten E , Blaum K , Matsuda Y , Ospelkaus C , Quint W , Walz J , Smorra C , Ulmer S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cooling of particles to mK-temperatures is essential for a variety of experiments with trapped charged particles. However, many species of interest lack suitable electronic transitions for direct laser cooling. We study theoretically the remote sympathetic cooling of a single proton with laser-cooled 9Be+ in a double-Penning-trap system. We investigate three different cooling schemes and find, based on analytical calculations and numerical simulations, that two of them are capable of achieving proton temperatures of about 10 mK with cooling times on the order of 10 s. In contrast, established methods such as feedback-enhanced resistive cooling with image-current detectors are limited to about 1 K in 100 s. Since the studied techniques are applicable to any trapped charged particle and allow spatial separation between the target ion and the cooling species, they enable a variety of precision measurements based on trapped charged particles to be performed at improved sampling rates and with reduced systematic uncertainties.
Coexisting wave features and various nonlinear waves for Schrödinger equation in superthermal dusty plasma
Authors: Sarkar Satyajit , Kumari Prasad Punam , Saha Asit , Kumar Mondal Kajal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coexistence of dust-acoustic wave (DAW) features and their properties are studied in a four-component dusty plasma constituting superthermal plasma particles in the framework of nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). Dynamical behaviors of the system are first explored by phase portraits and then the solutions corresponding to phase trajectories are explained analytically as well as numerically with physical perceptions. Introducing a periodic force, the system is analyzed for the existence of multi-periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic motions. Results of this work can be useful to understand the wave phenomena in the interstellar medium where superthermally distributed plasma particles are recognized.
Influence of polybenzimidazole nanoparticle on the thermo-mechanical characteristics of high density polyethylene composite
Authors: Mohan Ramesh , Kavan Panneerselvam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This present research focuses on the mechanical, thermal, flammability and thermo-mechanical behavior of varying percentages of high performance polymer polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanoparticle reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite. The principal aim of this present study was to investigate how the addition of polybenzimidazole nanoparticle influences the mechanical, thermal, flammability and thermo-mechanical behavior of high density polyethylene thermoplastic composite. The composites of polyethylene and polybenzimidazole were prepared by a melt intercalation process with different weight proportions as 1, 3 and 5 wt% using a twin-screw extruder. The prepared composites were characterized for their properties in-accordance to ASTM standards. The mechanical properties revealed significant improvements for PBI addition. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) fractograph revealed moderate waviness and improved toughness. Similarly, the results of Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed an increase in Tg and mass loss stability for 5 wt% of PBI. The Flammability and Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed an increased flame resistance, damping and loss modulus for high concentration of PBI nanoparticle. These mechanically, thermally and thermo-mechanically toughened HDPE thermoplastic composites could be used in engineering, space, wearable material and defence applications where high toughness, high thermal stability structural materials are required.
Precision tests of CO and [CII] power spectra models against simulated intensity maps
Authors: Moradinezhad Dizgah Azadeh , Nikakhtar Farnik , Keating Garrett K. , Castorina Emanuele 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Line intensity mapping (LIM) is an emerging technique with a unique potential to probe a wide range of scales and redshifts. Realizing the full potential of LIM, however, relies on accurate modeling of the signal. We introduce an extended halo model for the power spectrum of intensity fluctuations of CO rotational lines and [CII] fine transition line in real space, modeling nonlinearities in matter fluctuations and biasing relation between the line intensity fluctuations and the underlying dark matter distribution. We also compute the stochastic contributions beyond the Poisson approximation using the halo model framework. To establish the accuracy of the model, we create the first cosmological-scale simulations of CO and [CII] intensity maps, MithraLIMSims, at redshifts 0.5 ≤ z≤6, using halo catalogs from Hidden-Valley simulations, and painting halos according to mass-redshift-luminosity relations for each line. We show that at z=1 on scales kmax≲ 0.8 Mpc-11h, the model predictions of clustering power (with only two free parameters) are in agreement with the measured power spectrum at better than 5%. At higher redshift of z=4.5, this remarkable agreement extends to smaller scale of kmax≲ 2 Mpc-11h. Furthermore, we show that on large scales, the stochastic contributions to CO and CII power spectra are non-Poissonian, with amplitudes reproduced reasonably well by the halo model prescription. Lastly, we assess the performance of the theoretical model of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and show that hypothetical LIM surveys probing CO lines at z=1, that can be deployed within this decade, will be able to make a high significance measurement of the BAO. On a longer time scale, a space-based mission probing [CII] line can uniquely measure the BAO on a wide range of redshifts at an unprecedented precision.
Gamma-radiation sky maps from compact binaries
Authors: Ortiz Néstor , Carrasco Federico , Green Stephen R. , Lehner Luis , Liebling Steven L. , Westernacher-Schneider John Ryan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study sky maps and light curves of gamma-ray emission from neutron stars in compact binaries, and in isolation. We briefly review some gamma-ray emission models, and reproduce sky maps from a standard isolated pulsar in the Separatrix Layer model. We consider isolated pulsars with several variations of a dipole magnetic field, including superpositions, and predict their gamma-ray emission. Our results provide new heuristics on what can and cannot be inferred about the magnetic field configuration of pulsars from high-energy observations. We find that typical double-peak light curves can be produced by pulsars with significant multipole structure beyond a single dipole. For binary systems, we also present a simple approximation that is useful for rapid explorations of binary magnetic field structure. Finally, we predict the gamma-ray emission pattern from a compact black hole-neutron star binary moments before merger by applying the Separatrix Layer model to data simulated in full general relativity; we find that face-on observers receive little emission, equatorial observers see one broad peak, and more generic observers typically see two peaks.
Bayesian analysis on non-resonant behavior of 12C + 12C fusion reaction at sub-barrier energies *
Authors: Luo Tian-Peng , Wen Pei-Wei , Lin Cheng-Jian , Yang Lei , Jia Hui-Ming , Yang Feng , Huang Da-Hu , Chang Chang , Zhang Ming-Hao , Yang Yun , Mo Teng-Huan , Ma Nan-Ru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Controversies exist among experiments and theories on the

factor of the astrophysical important reaction 12C + 12C for energies below 3 MeV. Only frequentist approaches have been used so far for data analysis, and the confidence levels or theoretical errors are not available from previous theoretical predictions. In this study, the Bayesian method is employed to provide theoretical predictions and its 1σ confidence level based on all the currently available experimental data for the first time. The improved coupled-channels model CCFULL-FEM implemented with the finite element method as well as the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach emcee are adopted to analyze the non-resonant behavior of this reaction. The posterior distribution of the Woods-Saxon potential parameters is investigated. Compared with the widely used frequentist method MIGRAD within the Minuit minimization program, the Bayesian method has a significant advantage for exploring the potential parameter space. When the existing experimental data measured down to subbarrier energies are considered, the potential parameters are constrained to a very narrow range, and the predictions of the

factor showed no sharp decrease in the low-energy region.
The Nonlinear Field Equation of the Three-point Correlation Function of Galaxies: to the Second Order of Density Perturbation
Authors: Wu Shu-Guang , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Based on the field theory of density fluctuation under Newtonian gravity, we obtain analytically the nonlinear equation of 3-pt correlation function ζ of galaxies in a homogeneous, isotropic, static universe. The density fluctuation has been kept up to second order. By the Fry–Peebles ansatz and the Groth-Peebles ansatz, the equation of ζ becomes closed and differs from the Gaussian approximate equation. Using the boundary condition inferred from the data of SDSS, we obtain the solution ζ(r, u, θ) at fixed u = 2, which exhibits a shallow U-shape along the angle θ and, nevertheless, decreases monotonously along the radial r. We show its difference with the Gaussian solution. As a direct criterion of non-Gaussianity, the reduced Q(r, u, θ) deviates from the Gaussianity plane Q = 1, exhibits a deeper U-shape along θ and varies weakly along r, agreeing with the observed data.
Overground gait kinematics and muscle activation patterns in the Yucatan mini pig
Authors: Mirkiani Soroush , Roszko David A , O’Sullivan Carly L , Faridi Pouria , Hu David S , Fang Daniel , Everaert Dirk G , Toossi Amirali , Konrad Peter E , Robinson Kevin , Mushahwar Vivian K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. The objectives of this study were to assess gait biomechanics and the effect of overground walking speed on gait parameters, kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity in the hindlimb muscles of Yucatan minipigs (YMPs). Approach. Nine neurologically-intact, adult YMPs were trained to walk overground in a straight line. Whole-body kinematics and EMG activity of hindlimb muscles were recorded and analyzed at six different speed ranges (0.4–0.59, 0.6–0.79, 0.8–0.99, 1.0–1.19, 1.2–1.39, and 1.4–1.6 m s−1). A MATLAB program was developed to detect strides and gait events automatically from motion-captured data. The kinematics and EMG activity were analyzed for each stride based on the detected events. Main results. Significant decreases in stride duration, stance and swing times and an increase in stride length were observed with increasing speed. A transition in gait pattern occurred at the 1.0 m s−1 walking speed. Significant increases in the range of motion of the knee and ankle joints were observed at higher speeds. Also, the points of minimum and maximum joint angles occurred earlier in the gait cycle as the walking speed increased. The onset of EMG activity in the biceps femoris muscle occurred significantly earlier in the gait cycle with increasing speed. Significance. YMPs are becoming frequently used as large animal models for preclinical testing and translation of novel interventions to humans. A comprehensive characterization of overground walking in neurologically-intact YMPs is provided in this study. These normative measures set the basis against which the effects of future interventions on locomotor capacity in YMPs can be compared.
Isotope effect in turbulent transport in high density FT-2 tokamak discharges
Authors: Kouprienko D.V. , Gurchenko A.D. , Gusakov E.Z. , Altukhov A.B. , Askinazi L.G. , Belokurov A.A. , Dyachenko V.V. , Esipov L.A. , Ivanov V.A. , Kaledina O.A. , Lashkul S.I. , Shatalin S.V. , Sidorov A.V. , Tropin N.V. , Janhunen S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A detailed study of the general transport properties of the FT-2 tokamak shows significant isotopic difference in ohmically heated quasi-stationary plasma in high density regimes 〈n
e〉 ≈ (6–9) × 1019 m−3. For deuterium, the signatures of a transition to the H-mode are found at a plasma density exceeding a certain value, while hydrogen plasma remains in L-mode in all comparable discharge scenarios. The origin of this isotopic discrepancy is studied both with energy transport analysis and direct turbulence and plasma velocity measurements performed with Langmuir probes and microwave diagnostics. A special, more complicated dynamic experimental series with current ramp up, performed in these high density regimes, demonstrated the stability and robustness of an improved energy confinement in deuterium, whereas a comparable confinement improvement in hydrogen plasma was observed.
The global potential of forest restoration for drought mitigation
Authors: Tuinenburg Obbe A , Bosmans Joyce H C , Staal Arie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Forest restoration is increasingly applied as a climate change mitigation measure. Apart from sequestering carbon, the large-scale addition of trees on Earth may enhance global precipitation levels. Here we estimate the global precipitation effects of the global forest potential by estimating its effects on evaporation and simulating the downwind precipitation effect of the moisture added to the atmosphere. We find that maximum forestation would on average increase evaporation by 0.6 mm d−1 and that two-thirds of that additional evaporation would rain out over land, especially during the growing season. Next, by excluding natural grasslands and prioritizing precipitation enhancement above areas that are projected to become drier due to global climate change, we establish where on Earth forest restoration would have the greatest precipitation benefits. Our results thus provide a first step towards forest restoration programs as double climate-change mitigation efforts.
Quantum violations of L

u¨

ders bound Leggett–Garg inequalities for non-unitary quantum channel
Authors: Kumari Asmita , Pan A K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Leggett Garg inequalities (LGIs) provides an elegant way for probing the incompatibility between the notion of macrorealism and quantum mechanics. For unitary dynamics the optimal quantum violation of a LGI is constrained by the L

u

¨

ders bound. In this paper, we have studied two formulations of LGIs in three-time LG scenario, viz, the standard LGIs and third-order LGIs both for unbiased and biased measurement settings. We show that if system evolves under non-unitary quantum channel between two measurements, the quantum violations of both forms of LGIs exceed their respective L

u

¨

ders bounds and can even reach their algebraic maximum in sharp measurement settings. We found that when the measurement is unsharp the quantum violations of both standard and third-order LGIs for non-unitary quantum channel can be obtained for lower value of the unsharpness parameter compared to the unitary dynamics. We critically examined the violation of L

u

¨

ders bound of LGIs and its relation to the violation of various no-signaling in time conditions, another formalism for testing macrorealism. It is shown that mere violations of no-signaling conditions are not enough to warrant the violation of standard LGIs, an interplay between the violations of various NSIT condition along with a threshold value play an important role. On the other hand violation of third-order LGI is obtained when the degree of violation of a specific no-signaling in time condition reaches a different threshold value.
Optimizing the Physical Properties of Waste Denim Fiber-Modified Rubberized Bitumen Through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Al-Sabaeei A M , Napiah M , Al Salaheen M , Badri R M , Noura S , Khan M I , Al-Bahr T M , Alzubi K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, waste denim fiber (WDF) was used as a modifier to enhance the properties of bitumen incorporating tire pyrolysis oil (TPO). The designing of the experiment, analysis data, modeling and multi-objective optimization performed using response surface methodology (RSM). Base bitumen was modified with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% TPO and 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of WDF using high shear mixer. The interaction effects of TPO and WDF on the penetration, softening point and temperature susceptibility of bitumen were evaluated. Results showed that the addition of TPO and/or WDF has a significant effect on the consistency and temperature susceptibility of base bitumen. RSM analysis exhibited high degrees of correlation (R2) of 0.982, 0.973 and 0.947 for the dependent variables’ penetration, softening point and temperature susceptibility, respectively. That indicates there is an adequate agreement between models developed by RSM and experimental results. The numerical multi-objective optimization showed that optimum properties can be achieved with 8.4% of TPO and 6% of WDF.
Evaluating the Quality of Service of Bus Performance in Johor Bahru
Authors: Bakar M F A , Norhisham S , Abudeyab N H Z Ibrahim A , Saad N M , Azlan N N I M , Shkuri N S M , Mohamad A M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The increase in living standard would also be a major factor for rapid urban development, which is caused by the increase in the daily traffic volume. Therefore, traffic congestion can occur daily, especially during peak hours in the morning and late afternoon to cover the huge number of people movement. Moreover, the quality of bus services should be assessed on operational aspects provided by urban operators. Therefore, this paper is to determine the quality of service (QOS) of bus performance in Johor Bahru, Johor. The study was conducted in April 2019. Service quality data were taken at Terminal JB Sentral, Johor Bahru. The Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCRPM) was adopted as the specific guidelines and key indicators to determine and analyse the QOS of bus performance in the selected area. The study focused on four specific areas, such as service hour, passenger load factor, on-time performance and service frequency. The study concluded that the passenger load factor was classified as QOS of Class B since passengers could still choose their seats during the journey. On the other hand, on-time performance was classified as QOS of Class E, as most passengers made one round trip per weekday with a transfer experience of not-on-time vehicles every day. The overall QOS for bus services in Johor Bharu was classified as QOS of Class D, which was considered as moderate because several issues on QOS should be addressed and rectified by stakeholders. Some improvement on these three attributes should be made to increase the QOS. The study outcome should be used as an indicator for operators to measure their bus services. Since Johor Bahru is a major city in Malaysia, authorities and the government can use the outcome as inputs to measure the effectiveness of public transportation in urban areas.
Study Restraint Pressure of Membranes on Expansive Soil
Authors: Fitriyana L , Dian A G , Darwis F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Type of deformation in expansive soil is lateral and vertical Laboratory expansion tests are often performed on rings with restrained, lateral movement so that horizontal, swelling deformation will not occur. The road damage in the highway between Purwodadi – Semarang (Begel village, Purwodadi) was identified because the soil is expansive. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify characteristics of its soil expansion, specifically the influence of pressure of membrane restraints on expansion of expansive soil. The expansion test was conducted on modified test tools. The axial expansion strain was measured using the dial gauge which was installed in parallel, vertical position while the lateral strain was measured using the caliper digital in order to identify any change in the diameter of sample with the variations of initial water content (wo), vertical pressure (pv) and membrane’s thickness (t). The test result show that the greater the (horizontal) lateral strain is, the greater the restraint pressure in the membranes will be. The restraint pressure in the membranes (ph) is closely related to factors that influence the expansion possibility such as vertical pressure (pv), initial height of test object (ho), initial water content (wo), and membrane’s thickness (t).