bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive overview of the effects of urbanisation on sexual selection and sexual traits
Authors: Cronin Andrew D. , Smit Judith A. H. , Muñoz Matías I. , Poirier Armand , Moran Peter A. , Jerem Paul , Halfwerk Wouter 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTUrbanisation can affect mating opportunities and thereby alter inter‐ and intra‐sexual selection pressures on sexual traits. Biotic and abiotic urban conditions can influence an individual's success in pre‐ and post‐copulatory mating, for example through impacts on mate attraction and mate preference, fertilisation success, resource competition or rival interactions. Divergent sexual selection pressures can lead to differences in behavioural, physiological, morphological or life‐history traits between urban and non‐urban populations, ultimately driving adaptation and speciation. Most studies on urban sexual selection and mating interactions report differences between urban and non‐urban populations or correlations between sexual traits and factors associated with increased urbanisation, such as pollution, food availability and risk of predation and parasitism. Here we review the literature on sexual selection and sexual traits in relation to urbanisation or urban‐associated conditions. We provide an extensive list of abiotic and biotic factors that can influence processes involved in mating interactions, such as signal production and transmission, mate choice and mating opportunities. We discuss all relevant data through the lens of two, non‐mutually exclusive theories on sexual selection, namely indicator and sensory models. Where possible, we indicate whether these models provide the same or different predictions regarding urban‐adapted sexual signals and describe different experimental designs that can be useful for the different models as well as to investigate the drivers of sexual selection. We argue that we lack a good understanding of: (i) the factors driving urban sexual selection; (ii) whether reported changes in traits result in adaptive benefits; and (iii) whether these changes reflect a short‐term ecological, or long‐term evolutionary response. We highlight that urbanisation provides a unique opportunity to study the process and outcomes of sexual selection, but that this requires a highly integrative approach combining experimental and observational work.
Distant metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma: Clinical outcomes and implications of T stage
Authors: Shao Yuting , Li Genpeng , Wei Tao , Gong Rixiang , Li Zhihui , Zhu Jingqiang , Lei Jianyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumour, node, and metastasis staging system did not take T stage into consideration when evaluating Stage IV C medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical outcomes and implications of T stage in this population.MethodsEligible patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and the Department of Thyroid Surgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University and who were diagnosed with Stage IV C MTC were included in this study. The overall survival (OS), the cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and the precise cause of MTC‐induced death were analysed. The potential risk factors, including the T stage, in the OS and CSS were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsThis retrospective study enroled 204 Stage IV C MTC patients. The 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 31.8% and 17.1%, respectively, and the 5‐ and 10‐year CSS rates were 40.4% and 22.5%, respectively. More importantly, the rates of MTC‐induced death between primary or distant metastatic lesions in Stage IV C MTC patients were comparable in our institution. Additionally, the univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that the presence of an advanced T stage was an independent prognostic factor for both the OS (T4 vs. T1–T3, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.714, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.175–2.500, p = .005) and the CSS (T4 vs. T1–T3, HR: 1.848, 95% CI: 1.229–2.780, p = .003).ConclusionTo achieve a better risk stratification, further classification of Stage IV C MTC patients by the T stage may be preferable.
A structural equation model investigating the relationships among online and offline social capitals and child polyvictimization
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Guo Shaolingyun , Zhou Qiushi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial capital is a term proposed in literature to define the relationship between adverse experiences and their negative impacts. Despite evidence of correlation between offline social capital (e.g., from parents, peers and school in real life) and health effects, there is a lack of research comparing the role of online social capital (e.g., from online acquaintances and social network platforms) with offline social capitals in child polyvictimization. This study aims to investigate the effects of child polyvictimization operating through multiple forms of social capital (e.g., victimization by parents, teachers and peers or on cyberspace) on depression in children. A total of 1213 students in Grades 7–9 from boarding schools in rural China participated in the study. The structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to specify the structure between observed indicators and latent constructs categorized as online or offline social capitals. Results showed that 54.7% of the participants reported at least one form of victimization in their lifetime and 19.8% reported peer polyvictimization. The relationship between victimization and depression showed that offline social capitals fully mediated victimization by teachers and peers, whereas online social capitals fully mediated the relationships between cyber victimization and depression. The findings offer insights for proactive intervention to improve online and offline social capital in polyvictimization prevention.
How safe bariatric surgery is—An update on perioperative mortality for clinicians and patients
Authors: Huppler Lucy , Robertson Andrew G. , Wiggins Tom , Hollyman Marianne , Welbourn Richard 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBariatric, metabolic or weight loss surgery produces sustained weight loss and imporovement in obesity related diseases. Bariatric surgery has existed for decades but there is limited reliable data on the risk of perioperative mortality following the procedures. This commentary focuses on a recent meta‐analysis which has produced contemporaneous mortality data, and the findings are significant. Utilising data from 3.6 million patients the study has shown an overall pooled perioperative mortality of 0.08%, a significantly reduced risk compared to previous, smaller studies. This finding increases our knowledge of surgical risk for these procedures and should now equip health care groups to challenge barriers to uptake of bariatric surgery. Barriers currently include a worldwide lack of focus on treating obesity, lack of funding and resource from commissioners, and a general public and professional view that bariatric surgery may be high risk. In reality, this figure equates to mortality risk for procedures generally considered ‘safe’ such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy and knee arthroplasty. Bariatric surgery is a safe option for achieving sustained weight‐loss and the treatment of obesity related diseases, and refusing access to surgery on the grounds of perioperative safety should now be an outdated premise.
What is the optimal anesthetic monitoring regarding immediate and short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation?—A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Fernandez Thomas M.A. , Schofield Nick , Krenn Claus G , Rizkalla Nicole , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , De Wolf Andre M , Merritt William T. ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplant centers vary in approach to intraoperative vascular accesses, monitoring of cardiac function and temperature management. Evidence is limited regarding impact of selected modalities on postoperative outcomes.ObjectivesTo review the literature and provide expert panel recommendations on optimal intraoperative arterial blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure (CVP), and vascular accesses, monitoring of cardiac function and intraoperative temperature management regarding immediate and short‐term outcomes after orthotopic liver transplant (OLT).MethodsSystematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Recommendations made for: (1) Vascular accesses, arterial BP and CVP monitoring, (2) cardiac function monitoring, and (3) Intraoperative temperature management (CRD42021239908).ResultsOf 2619 articles screened 16 were included. Studies were small, retrospective, and observational. Vascular access studies demonstrated low rates of insertion complications. TEE studies demonstrated low rates of esophageal hemorrhage. One study found lower hospital‐LOS and 30‐day mortality in patients monitored with both PAC and TEE. Other monitoring studies were heterogenous in design and outcomes. Temperature studies showed increased blood transfusion and ventilation times in hypothermic groups.ConclusionsRecommendations were made for; routine arterial and CVP monitoring as a minimum standard of practice, consideration of discrepancy between peripheral and central arterial BP in patients with hemodynamic instability and high vasopressor requirements, and routine use of high flow cannulae while monitoring for extravasation and hematoma formation. Availability and expertise in PAC and/or TEE monitoring is strongly recommended particularly in hemodynamic instability, portopulmonary HT and/or cardiac dysfunction. TEE use is recommended as an acceptable risk in patients with treated esophageal varices and is an effective diagnostic tool for emergency cardiovascular collapse. Maintenance of intraoperative normothermia is strongly recommended.
Longitudinal change in speech classification between 4 and 10 years in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Long Helen L. , Mahr Tristan J. , Natzke Phoebe , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: March 2022

AimTo examine speech impairment severity classification over time in a longitudinal cohort of children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA total of 101 children (58 males, 43 females) between the ages of 4 and 10 years with CP participated in this longitudinal study. Speech severity was rated using the Viking Speech Scale (VSS), a four‐level classification rating scale, at 4, 6, 8, and 10 years (age 4 years: mean = 52 months [3 SD]; age 6 years: mean = 75 months [2 SD]; age 8 years: mean = 100 months [4 SD]; age 10 years: mean = 125 months [5 SD]). We used Bayesian mixed‐effects ordinal logistic regression to model (1) the extent to which speech severity changed over time and (2) patterns of change across age groups and classification rating group levels.ResultsVSS ratings decreased (speech severity became less severe) between 4 and 10 years of age. Children who were first classified in VSS levels I, II, or III at age 4 years had a high probability of staying at, or improving to, VSS level I by 10 years. Children who were first classified in VSS level IV at 4 years had a high probability of remaining in VSS level IV at 10 years.InterpretationEarly speech performance is highly predictive of later childhood speech abilities. Children with any level of speech impairment at age 4 years should be receiving speech therapy. Those with more severe speech impairments should be introduced to augmentative and alternative communication as soon as possible.What this paper adds

Children with early Viking Speech Scale (VSS) ratings below level IV have a good prognosis for speech improvement.

Children with early VSS level IV ratings are likely to remain at VSS level IV over time.

Children did not show worsening of VSS level between the ages of 4 and 10 years.
Association of change in haemoglobin A1c with adverse perinatal outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes
Authors: Kiefer Miranda K. , Finneran Matthew M. , Ware Courtney A. , Fareed Naleef , Joseph Joshua , Thung Stephen F. , Costantine Maged M. , Landon Mark B. , Gabbe Steven G. , Venkatesh Kartik K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine whether a net decline in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from early to late pregnancy is associated with lower risk of adverse perinatal outcomes at delivery among women with pregestational diabetes.MethodsA retrospective analysis from 2012 to 2016 at a tertiary care centre. The exposure was the net change in HbA1c from early (<20 weeks gestation) to late pregnancy (≥20 weeks gestation). Primary outcomes were large for gestational age (LGA) and neonatal hypoglycaemia. The association between outcomes per 6 mmol/mol (0.5%) absolute decrease in HbA1c was evaluated using modified Poisson regression, and adjusted for age, body mass index, White Class, early HbA1c and haemoglobin and gestational age at HbA1c measurement and delivery.ResultsAmong 347 women with pregestational diabetes, HbA1c was assessed in early (9 weeks [IQR 7,13]) and late pregnancy (31 weeks [IQR 29,34]). Mean HbA1c decreased from early (59 mmol/mol [7.5%]) to late (47 mmol/mol [6.5%]) pregnancy. Each 6 mmol/mol (0.5%) absolute decrease in HbA1c was associated with a 12% reduced risk of LGA infant (30%, aRR:0.88; 95% CI:0.81,0.95), and a 7% reduced risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia (35%, aRR:0.93; 95% CI:0.87,0.99). Preterm birth (36%, aRR:0.93; 95% CI:0.89,0.98) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (55%, aRR:0.95; 95% CI:0.91,0.98) decreased with a net decline in HbA1c, but not caesarean delivery, pre‐eclampsia, shoulder dystocia and respiratory distress syndrome.ConclusionsWomen with pregestational diabetes with a reduction in HbA1c may have fewer infants born LGA or with neonatal hypoglycaemia. Repeated assessment of HbA1c may provide an additional measure of glycaemic control.
Inhibition of plasminogen suppresses fibrosis and macrophage foaming in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model
Authors: Tomonari Yuki , Iwaki Takayuki , Arakawa Tomohiro , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a clinically important liver disease. Its symptoms are exacerbated by macrophage foaming, which is promoted by plasminogen in vitro. However, the influence of plasminogen on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the influence of plasminogen in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with macrophage foaming. L−/−/A−/− mice, characterized by hypercholesterolemia, were injected with streptozotocin and fed a high‐fat diet to develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with macrophage foaming. To confirm the influence of plasminogen, we used the well‐known plasminogen inhibitor tranexamic acid and L−/−/A−/−/Plg−/− mice, which are deficient in plasminogen and investigated the influence on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The influence of plasminogen on the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines involved in foaming in macrophages was also assessed. The formation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis lesions with macrophage foaming was confirmed in the L−/−/A−/− mouse model. Tranexamic acid attenuated foaming and fibrosis in the L−/−/A−/− mice. Similarly, foaming and liver fibrosis were also attenuated in the L−/−/A−/−/Plg−/− mice. The mRNA expression levels of TGF‐β1 and IL‐1β in liver and peritoneal macrophages were reduced upon plasminogen inhibition. We show that inhibition of plasminogen suppressed macrophage foaming, cytokine expression, and consequently fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Our results provide a clue toward various processes leading to fibrosis and may contribute to new therapeutic strategies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Nonlinear fatigue life prediction model based on the theory of the S‐N fatigue damage envelope
Authors: Bjørheim Fredrik , Pavlou Dimitrios G. , Siriwardane Sudath C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA nonlinear model is proposed in light of the theory of isodamage curves, to assess the cumulative fatigue damage under multistage loading. The isodamage curves were developed through the theory of the S‐N fatigue damage envelope, proposed by Pavlou. The adopted functional form of the fatigue damage is a commonly accepted general form. In the present work, a stress function for the fatigue life exponent is derived with the aid of the S‐N curve only. In the proposed nonlinear model, no adjusting parameters are necessary for fatigue damage estimation. The fatigue life prediction of the derived model is compared with experimental results of various alloys and existing models. The comparison is made for C35, C45, Al‐2024‐T42, 15HM, A336 GR 5, and A387 GR22 for two‐stage loading high‐low and low‐high, and Al 6082‐T6 for multistage loading.
Centredness in health care: A systematic overview of reviews
Authors: Feldthusen Caroline , Forsgren Emma , Wallström Sara , Andersson Viktor , Löfqvist Noah , Sawatzky Richard , Öhlén Joakim , J. Ung Eva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe introduction of effective, evidence‐based approaches to centredness in health care is hindered by the fact that research results are not easily accessible. This is partly due to the large volume of publications available and because the field is closely linked to and in some ways encompasses adjoining fields of research, for example, shared decision making and narrative medicine. In an attempt to survey the field of centredness in health care, a systematic overview of reviews was conducted with the purpose of illuminating how centredness in health care is presented in current reviews.MethodsSearches for relevant reviews were conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, PsychINFO, Web of Science and EMBASE using terms connected to centredness in health care. Filters specific to review studies of all types and for inclusion of only English language results as well as a time frame of January 2017–December 2018, were applied.ResultsThe search strategy identified 3697 unique reviews, of which 31 were included in the study. The synthesis of the results from the 31 reviews identified three interrelated main themes: Attributes of centredness (what centredness is), Translation from theory into practice (how centredness is done) and Evaluation of effects (possible ways of measuring effects of centredness). Three main attributes of centeredness found were: being unique, being heard and shared responsibility. Aspects involved in translating theory into practice were sufficient prerequisites, strategies for action and tools used in safeguarding practice. Further, a variety and breadth of measures of effects were found in the included reviews.ConclusionsOur synthesis demonstrates that current synthesized research literature on centredness in health care is broad, as it focuses both on explorations of the conceptual basis and the practice, as well as measures of effects. This study provides an understanding of the commonalities identified in the reviews on centredness in healthcare overall, ranging from theory to practice and from practice to evaluation.Patient or Public ContributionPatient representatives were involved during the initiation of the project and in decisions about its focus, although no patient or public representatives made direct contributions to the review process.
Pore architectures and oil absorption behavior of porous mullite beads fabricated via dripping‐ice templating
Authors: Zhao Junming , Hou Zhaoping , Zhang Peng , Liu Liangliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPorous mullite beads with a good spherical shape and a uniform size distribution of about 1.2 mm were fabricated by ice‐templating in combination with dripping methods. These internal pore structures exhibited a radially oriented laminar channel from the center of the sphere to the surface. With the decreasing of freeze temperature to −196°C, the thickness of pore walls and the width of pore decreased. The mullite grain morphology in the pore wall was also influenced by the frozen temperature. High aspect ratio mullite grain was formed in the pore wall of beads frozen at −25°C, while low aspect ratio mullite whiskers constituted the pore wall of beads frozen at −196°C. In addition, the obtained porous mullite beads exhibited a good oil adsorption performance under capillary force for kerosene, edible oil, and motor oil with adsorption values of 3.37, 4.07, and 4.04 g/g, respectively.
Employability competences of workers in health care and finance. The role of self‐directed learning orientation and job characteristics
Authors: van der Baan Niels , Raemdonck Isabel , Bastiaens Ellen , Beausaert Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmployability, defined as a set of competences that allow an individual to create and maintain a job, is pivotal for both organizations and employees. Organizations with an employable workforce remain competitive and individuals who are employable experience better career development. The present study investigates self‐directed learning orientation (SDLO), job control, and job demand as predictors for three employability competences: occupational expertise, personal flexibility, and anticipation and optimization. Data were collected from a sample from two different sectors (health care and finance) in the Netherlands. A path model was built to investigate the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Results indicate that SDLO and job demands relate positively to all three employability competences. These results suggest that employees with a self‐directed learning orientation and employees working in a demanding job are more employable. In addition, we found that the positive relationship between SDLO and employability competences was moderated by job control. To create an employable workforce, supervisors and managers can promote employees’ orientation toward self‐directed learning and pay considerable attention to job design in terms of job demands and job control.
Familiarity with digital twin totality: Exploring the relation and perception of affordances through a Heideggerian perspective
Authors: Osmundsen Karen S. , Meske Christian , Thapa Devinder 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe concept of affordances has become central in information systems literature. However, existing perspectives fall short in providing details on the relational aspect of affordances, which can influence actors' perception of them. To increase granularity and specificity in this regard, researchers have suggested that it be supplemented with other concepts or theories. In this article, we argue that the Heideggerian concepts of ‘familiarity’ and ‘referential totality’ are well suited for increasing our understanding of the relational aspects of affordances in information systems research. To explore this idea, we conducted a case study of a project concerning the development of a digital twin (i.e., digital representation of a physical asset) in the Norwegian grid sector. We found that users' familiarity with the digital twin totality enabled them to perceive digital twin affordances, and that without this familiarity, affordances remained latent for the users. Through our study, we offer a nuanced perspective on the relational aspect of affordance perception, contributing to affordance theory in that regard. Further, we contribute to practice and information systems research by providing valuable insights into how digital twins are understood and applied in practice.