bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update Aortenerkrankungen
Authors: Nikol Sigrid , Nikol Laetitia 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit berichtet über die neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse im Zusammenhang mit Aortenaneurysmen und -dissektionen. Schwerpunkt hierbei sind die Pathophysiologie und
Genetik, der Einfluss von Fluorochinolonen auf Aortenaneurysmen und -dissektionen sowie Marker der Aortitis. Ferner werden die wichtigsten aktuellen Leitlinienempfehlungen aus den Jahren
2017 bis 2020 zusammengefasst – der Fokus liegt hierbei auf dem Screening, der Diagnostik, den Grenzwerten für die Therapieindikationen, der Art und den technischen Details der Behandlung
sowie Nachsorge von Aneurysmen der Aorta ascendens, des Aortenbogens, der Aorta descendens und abdominalis, Penetrating aortic Ulcers, bei genetisch bedingten Bindegewebserkrankungen mit
Aortenbeteiligungen, Aortitis und mykotischen Aneurysmen.
Vegane Ernährung bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Kram Lorena 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWichtige Eckpunkte der Ernährung bei Dialysepatienten sind die Trinkmenge, der Kaliumgehalt, Phosphatgehalt, Natriumgehalt und Eiweißgehalt. Daraus ergeben sich Konfliktpunkte zwischen den Ernährungsanforderungen von Dialysepatienten und dem Veganismus. Anhand eines fiktiven Fallbeispiels wird untersucht, ob es für einen Dialysepatienten theoretisch möglich ist, sich vegan zu ernähren. Es wird hierfür eine fiktive Patientin beschrieben, die einen Ernährungsplan für eine Woche von einer Ernährungsfachkraft bekommt. Anhand dieses Ernährungsplans werden für jeden Tag die Inhaltsstoffe Kalium, Phosphat und Eiweiß der Gerichte berechnet. Beispielhaft befinden sich die errechneten Werte von 3 Rezepten in Tabellen. Es wird darauf aufmerksam gemacht, welche komplexe und aufwendige Beratung Dialysepatienten benötigen und auf welche Punkte besonders geachtet werden muss bzw. welche Tipps und Tricks Dialysepatienten mit auf den Weg gegeben werden können. Die Frage, ob es möglich ist, dass sich Dialysepatienten vegan ernähren können, kann mit einem „Ja“ beantwortet werden. Es wird aber auch darauf hingewiesen, dass die Ernährung immer unter Aufsicht eines Arztes und noch besser mit einem breit aufgestellten Team aus Nephrologen, Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegern und Ernährungsfachkräften umgestellt werden sollte. Die medizinische Überwachung und eine umfassende Ernährungsberatung sind unabdingbar. Es werden alle Gefahren aufgeführt, die bei Dialysepatienten auftreten können, wenn sie sich vegan ernähren.
Burnout oder Depression? – Erfahrungen aus der
Burnout-Sprechstunde in der Hochschulambulanz
Authors: Karl Marlene , Weidner Kerstin , Croy Ilona 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Mit steigender Präsenz der Burnout-Symptomatik im klinischen
und gesellschaftlichen Alltag ist es notwendig, Patient*innen mit
Symptomen eines Burnouts diagnostisch zu differenzieren und ihre jeweiligen
Symptome im Spektrum der psychischen Störungen zu verorten.
Methodik Patient*innen (N=83), die sich in der
Burnout-Sprechstunde der psychosomatischen Hochschulambulanz vorstellten, wurden
differenziert mit einem strukturierten klinischen Interview (SKID) und einer
umfangreichen Fragebogendiagnostik (PHQ-D; MBI, BMI) ergänzend zum
klinischen Gespräch untersucht.
Ergebnisse Der klinische Eindruck führt bei 35% der
Patient*innen zu einer Burnout-Diagnose, wobei von diesen
Patient*innen bei 1/3 keine SKID-Diagnose vergeben werden
konnte. Ein Großteil der gesamten Stichprobe litt jedoch entsprechend
diagnostischer Kriterien unter psychischen Störungen, wobei depressive
Störungen am häufigsten nachzuweisen waren.
Patient*innen mit ausschließlichem Burnout unterschieden sich
dabei nur geringfügig von Patient*innen mit depressiven
Störungen. So zeigten sie tendenziell geringere Werte in der
Fragebogendiagnostik mit geringeren Gesamtwerten im MBI und signifikante
Unterschiede in der Skala der psychischen und physischen Belastungssymptome
(p=0,031) und des Boreouts (p=0,037). Zudem berichteten
Patient*innen mit der Diagnose Burnout signifikant weniger von
früheren behandlungsbedürftigen psychischen Störungen
(p=0,017).
Diskussion Die bisherigen standardisierten Diagnoseinstrumente
können weniger gut zwischen Burnout und depressiven Störungen
differenzieren. Die vorliegende Untersuchung unterstütz die Hypothese,
dass Burnout und Depression Teil desselben Spektrums an Symptomen sind, wobei
Patient*innen mit Burnout weniger belastet sind als
Patient*innen mit depressiven Störungen.
Schlussfolgerung Es zeigt sich eine hohe Überlappung zwischen
Depressionen und Burnout-Symptomatik, was die Differenzierung im klinischen
Alltag erschwert und eine sorgfältige Diagnostik fordert.
Primärtherapie der Claudicatio intermittens – Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Süss Jan David , Gawenda Michael 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie narrative Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Studienlage zum Thema Gehtraining bei Patienten mit Claudicatio intermittens (CI) zusammen. Eindringlich wird auf die evidenzbasierten
Leitlinienempfehlungen und die dahinterstehenden Studien eingegangen. Aspekte zum angiomorphologischen Befund, zu Patientenadhärenz, Langzeitwirkung, Studienqualität und ihre
Vergleichbarkeit werden diskutiert. Der Problematik in der Versorgungsrealität mit Abweichungen von den Leitlinien und der oftmals invasiven Erstlinientherapie des PAVK-IIb-Patienten werden
besondere Bedeutung geschenkt. Dabei wird die Rolle des Rehasports und die gesundheitspolititsche Bedeutung von Gehtraining in Deutschland erörtert. Gründe für die fehlende Leitlinientreue
und deren Umsetzung im Gesundheitssystem werden analysiert. Dementsprechend werden Handlungsempfehlungen, in Anlehnung an internationale Erfahrungen (Niederlande, Dänemark), zur Besserung
der Situation in Deutschland formuliert.
Synthesis of Sulfonyl Halides from Disulfides or Thiols Using Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) Crystals
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Kimura Yoshikazu , Yamahara Sho , Okada Tomohide , Matsumuro Hiroaki , Kinoshita Yukari , Kitajima Atsuhito , Takamura Yuya , Odagiri Tatsuya , Asawa Tomotake , Sugiyama Yukihiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSynthesis of sulfonyl halides using sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) crystals was studied in detail, considering the reaction rate and yield of the desired product. NaOCl·5H2O reacted with disulfides or thiols in acetic acid to produce sulfonyl chlorides. The yields of the desired sulfonyl chlorides were enhanced when the reaction was performed in (trifluoromethyl)benzene under a CO2 atmosphere. The generation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was essential for both reactions. Similarly, sulfonyl bromides were prepared via the reaction of disulfides or thiols with sodium bromide and NaOCl·5H2O crystals in acetic acid owing to the generation of hypobromous acid (HOBr). However, the reaction could not proceed in (trifluoromethyl)benzene under a CO2 atmosphere because bromine was produced instead of HOBr.
Effect of Age on Interaural Asymmetry of Event-Related Potentials in a Dichotic Listening Task
Authors: Jerger James , Moncrieff Deborah , Greenwald Ralf , Wambacq Ilse , Seipel Amanda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThree groups of subjects, children, young adults, and elderly persons with presbyacusis, were tested in a directed attention, quasidichotic paradigm in which continuous speech was monitored for syntactically and/or semantically anomalous words. The task evoked an event-related potential (ERP) characterized by a positive peak in the latency region of 600 to 1000 msec. ERPs were separately averaged for target-word-right and target-word-left conditions. Amplitude and latency measures at the peak of the global field power waveform were calculated. Amplitude was significantly larger in children than in either adult group. In children and young adults, both amplitude and latency measures were equivalent for target-right and target-left conditions, but in elderly persons, latency was significantly greater in the target-left than in the target-right condition. Topographic maps of amplitude at the peak of the ERP waveform showed maximal positivity symmetrically distributed around the midline centroparietal area in both right-attended and left-attended conditions. In elderly persons, however, maximal positivity in the left-attended condition was significantly delayed relative to maximal positivity in the right-attended condition. Results are consistent with previous findings of interaural asymmetry in a dichotic listening task in elderly persons.
Abbreviations: ERP = event-related potential, GFP = global field power, VEOG = vertical electro-ocular activity
Bridging global health actors and agendas: the role of national public health institutes
Authors: Myhre Sonja , Habtemariam Mahlet Kifle , Heymann David L. , Ottersen Trygve , Stoltenberg Camilla , Ventura Deisy de Freitas Lima , Vikum Eirik F. , Bergh Anne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal health crises require coordination and collaboration among actors and global health agendas including health security, health promotion, and universal health coverage. This study investigated whether national public health institutes (NPHIs) unify agendas and actors, how this can be achieved, and what factors contribute to success. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 public health leaders from 18 countries in six WHO regions between 2019 and 2020. Respondents described how NPHIs bridge agendas reporting five strategies that institutes employ: serving as a trusted scientific advisor; convening actors across and within sectors; prioritizing transdisciplinary approaches; integrating public health infrastructures, and training that builds public health capacity. Findings also revealed five enabling factors critical to success: a strong legal foundation; scientific independence; public trust and legitimacy; networks and partnerships at global, national, and local levels; and stable funding. The Covid-19 pandemic underscores the urgency of securing scientific independence and promoting national institutes’ responsiveness to public health challenges.
Engrained with modernity: commodification, medicalisation, and cross-border medical travel for health care in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Kapil Babu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiomedicine was introduced in Nepal by Christian Missionaries en route to Tibet and China. When Nepal entered the democratic era in the early 60s, a considerable influx of biomedicine was brought into Nepal by the modernizing state as part of the promise of national development. After the 60s, biomedicine expanded in Nepal mainly through private sector involvement. This had consequences in the health-care domain in Nepal including the commodification of health-care services and increasing medicalization. The practice and expansion of biomedicine is also closely associated with its social and cultural mediation. This article focuses to examine how the macro process of health development shaped the medical practices, especially the healing trajectories and cross-border medical travel of Maithili Brahmin women from Nepal’s Tarai. This article shows that the three prominent avenues of health-care services, namely, medicalization, commodification, and cross-border medical travel predominant in the study area, are thriving and intertwined in such a way that they are reciprocally strengthening each other. This article is based on primary ethnographic data generated from field research conducted in a social cluster among the women from Nepal’s Tarai.
Single-focus phase singularity generated by spiral zone plate with quasi-random distributed quantum dots
Authors: Zang Huaping , Miao Zhuanglei , Liang Erjun , Li Yongjie , Fan Quanping , Wei Lai , Zhou Weimin , Cao Leifeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on a new vortex lens for producing a single-focus phase singularity which is termed as a quasi-random-dot-array binary spiral zone plates (QBSZPs). Differing from the abrupt transitions of the conventional spiral zone plates (SZPs), the key idea of the QBSZPs is to realize a sinusoidal transmittance by properly arranging lots of quantum dot arrays which take on the values of 0 and 1 in two dimensions. In this typical design, the number density of the selected primitives obey sinusoidal distribution along the radial direction and quasi-random in the azimuthal direction. Theoretical analysis indicates that the higher-order foci which inevitably exist in the SZPs have been indeed effectively suppressed with the QBSZPs. Moreover, the focusing performance of the QBSZPs is influenced by the ratio of circumcircle diameter of the primitives to the outermost zone width. These findings, which have been demonstrated by the performed experiment, may offer a new direction towards improving the performance of biomedical imaging, quantum computation and optical manipulation.
Research on bearing fault diagnosis method based on transformer neural network
Authors: Yang Zhuohong , Cen Jian , Liu Xi , Xiong Jianbin , Chen Honghua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Attention mechanism (AM) has been widely used for fault diagnosis and identifying the health of industrial equipment. Existing research has only used AM in combination with deep networks, or to replace certain components of these deep networks. This reliance on deep networks severely limits the feature extraction capability of AM. In this paper, a bearing fault diagnosis method is proposed based on a signal Transformer neural network (SiT) with pure AM. First, the raw one-dimensional vibration time-series signal is segmented and a new segmented learning strategy is introduced. Second, linear encoding and position encoding are performed on the segmented subsequences. Finally, the encoded subsequence is fed to the Transformer for feature extraction to achieve fault identification. The validity of the proposed method is verified using the Case Western Reserve University dataset and the self-priming centrifugal pump bearing dataset. Compared with other existing methods, the proposed method still achieves the highest average diagnostic accuracy without any data preprocessing. The results demonstrate that the proposed SiT based on pure AM can extract features and identify faults from the raw vibration signal, and has superior diagnostic performance.
Phenomenological optics with self-made liquid lenses in the physics classroom
Authors: Spiecker Henrike , Bitzenbauer Philipp 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Why does a raindrop on a window pane show an image of the environment that is turned upside-down? And why does vision go blurry underwater, but is perfectly clear with diving goggles? Our everyday life is rich in optical phenomena. Unfortunately, these phenomena often play a subordinate role in Optics teaching, compared to ray constructions or mechanistic light models. In our new teaching-learning sequence designed for introductory physics courses at secondary schools, the observation of the phenomena assumes a more prominent position and the observer’s sense of sight becomes the starting point of learning about Optics. The centrepiece of our concept is the use of students’ self-made Optics inventory including liquid lenses in various experiments.
Investigation of the switching characteristics of high-pressure subnanosecond gas dischargers with the purpose of a sharp increasing of the breakdown voltages and the switching speed
Authors: Ivanov Stepan N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper analyzes the data obtained in the subnanosecond time range on the times (t
br) and speeds (V
br) of switching of hydrogen diode dischargers. These data were obtained in a wide range of hydrogen pressures (p) and the degree of the discharge gap overvoltage (the length of the cathode–anode gap d) in a uniform electric field. It is shown that the reduced strength of the average electric field E
br/p in the discharge gap at the moment of the beginning of the breakdown significantly decreases when the gas pressure increases from 5 atm to 50 atm. An increase in pressure from 50 atm to 60 atm leads to a sharp (by 40% ÷ 135%, depending on the d) increase in the pulse breakdown voltage (U
br) and an increase in E
br/p. In proportion to the growth of E
br/p the switching speed V
br of the discharge gas gap increases. The observed effect is explained by the change in the discharge initiation mechanisms. The limitation of U
br and V
br in the hydrogen pressure range from 5 atm to 50 atm occurs as a result of gas ionization by runaway electrons and the subsequent development of a multi-avalanche discharge in the volume of the discharge gap. With a further increase in pressure, the discharge develops according to the streamer type. To design ultrafast gas dischargers of the subnanosecond range intended for switching high voltages, it is necessary to select an appropriate range of working gas pressures in order to ensure the development of a streamer-type discharge.
Overcoming temporal dispersion for measurement of activity-related impedance changes in unmyelinated nerves
Authors: Tarotin Ilya , Mastitskaya Svetlana , Ravagli Enrico , Perkins Justin D , Holder David , Aristovich Kirill 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Fast neural electrical impedance tomography is an imaging technique that has been successful in visualising electrically evoked activity of myelinated fibres in peripheral nerves by measurement of the impedance changes (dZ) accompanying excitation. However, imaging of unmyelinated fibres is challenging due to temporal dispersion (TP) which occurs due to variability in conduction velocities of the fibres and leads to a decrease of the signal below the noise with distance from the stimulus. To overcome TP and allow electrical impedance tomography imaging in unmyelinated nerves, a new experimental and signal processing paradigm is required allowing dZ measurement further from the site of stimulation than compound neural activity is visible. The development of such a paradigm was the main objective of this study. Approach. A finite element-based statistical model of TP in porcine subdiaphragmatic nerve was developed and experimentally validated ex-vivo. Two paradigms for nerve stimulation and processing of the resulting data—continuous stimulation and trains of stimuli, were implemented; the optimal paradigm for recording dispersed dZ in unmyelinated nerves was determined. Main results. While continuous stimulation and coherent spikes averaging led to higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at close distances from the stimulus, stimulation by trains was more consistent across distances and allowed dZ measurement at up to 15 cm from the stimulus (SNR = 1.8 ± 0.8) if averaged for 30 min. Significance. The study develops a method that for the first time allows measurement of dZ in unmyelinated nerves in simulation and experiment, at the distances where compound action potentials are fully dispersed.
Gaussian mixture modelling by exploiting competitive stop EM algorithm
Authors: Jia Kexin , Xin Yuxia , Cheng Ting 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To improve the robustness of order selection and parameter learning for Gaussian mixture model (GMM), this paper proposes a competitive stop expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, which is based on two stop conditions. The first condition is a Lilliefors test based multivariate (MV) normality criterion, which is used to determine whether to split a component into two different components. The EM algorithm stops splitting when all components have MV normality. The minimum description length (MDL) criterion is used in the second condition, which competes with the first condition to prevent the EM algorithm from over-splitting. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Inverse kinematic solver based on machine learning sequential procedure for robotic applications
Authors: Aggogeri Francesco , Pellegrini Nicola , Taesi Claudio , Tagliani Franco Luis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an inverse kinematic solver for a robotic arm based on an artificial neural network, ANN, architecture. The motion of the robotic arm is controlled by the kinematics of the ANN. The novelty of the proposed method is the validation using a proprietary robot of a novel procedure that applies three networks in a sequential mode to predict one joint value at a time. The inclusion of the genetic algorithm in the ANN definition and the adoption of sequential technique significantly reduced the manual settings and increased the obtained accuracy with respect to the traditional network deployment. The simulated outcomes proved the efficacy of the proposed approach in robotic motion control. The final architecture has three hidden layers: {40 (tansig), 35 (tansig), 30 (tansig)}. The resultant MSE in joint space is close to 3.235*10-4 rad2 and 0.1318mm2 in Cartesian space for the testing dataset. The maximum trajectory error for the validation curves, a planar circle and a spatial spring, is lower than 0.27mm for each axis.
Outdoor real-time RGBD sensor fusion of stereo camera and sparse lidar
Authors: Kong Qi , Zhang Liangliang , Xu Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Autonomous driving technology relies on high-resolution, high-performance vision sensing technology. As the two most popular sensors in the industry, Lidar and stereo cameras play an important role in sensing, detection, control and planning decisions. At this stage, the Lidar can obtain more accurate depth map information, but with the increase of resolution, its cost increases sharply and cannot be applied in large scale in the market. At the same time, the depth detection scheme based on computer vision has high resolution, but the data accuracy is very low. In order to solve the practical application defects of the above two sensors, this paper proposes a new sensor fusion method for stereo camera and low-resolution Lidar, which has high resolution, high performance and low cost. This paper adopts new sensor design, multi-sensor calibration, classification and selection of Lidar pointcloud features, large-scale and efficient stereo image matching and depth map calculation, and method of filling missing information based on pointcloud segmentation. To verify the effectiveness of the method in this paper, this paper used high-resolution Lidar as ground truth for comparison. The results show that the fusion method can achieve an average improved accuracy of 30% within a close range of 30 meters, while achieving 98% resolution. In addition, this paper presents a scheme for visualizing multi-sensor image fusion, and encapsulates five modules: multi-sensor calibration, large-scale stereo depth calculation, low-resolution Lidar simulation, sensor data fusion, and fusion image and error visualization, in order to facilitate future secondary development.