bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erasure and Survival: Creating a Future and Managing a past in a Restructuring High School
Authors: Galletta Anne , Ayala Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

Background/Context With the growth of the small-school movement, many urban districts have restructured large underperforming high schools into new, small high schools or schools-within-a-school designed to engage adolescents in rigorous and meaningful learning along with strong teacher-student relationships. In the case of this study, the culmination of state and city school system regulation and support, the involvement of the teachers union and persistent community demands led to the closing of this comprehensive high school. Known for its persistent academic failure, it was reopened as a complex of several new schools and a phaseout school to better serve this multiracial, predominantly Latino, poor and working-class community. Focus of Study The study findings focus on the multiple dimensions of small-school restructuring, underscoring the fragile balance between creating a future and managing a past in a newly restructured former comprehensive urban high school. Research Design This was a qualitative, ethnographic study examining the first year of school restructuring. Data Collection Primary data collection methods were semistructured interviews, participant observation, and archival study. We interviewed community leaders, school system officials, and 36 individuals from a representative sample of teachers and parents. Additionally, we conducted six student focus groups. Findings and Conclusions Extending the literature on small schools, reconstitution, and organizational change, this study provides a close look at the dilemmas of the opening year of a restructuring high school. Noting how frequent acts of erasure were employed in response to many first-year challenges, we link these acts of erasure to the fundamental desire on the part of schools to survive their first year. Key to the conceptualization of erasure is its relationship with the intent on survival. We note a contradiction evident in our conceptualization: Although we underscore the immense potential for educational change through the process of restructuring, we also suggest that these processes of erasure and survival have the potential to suppress the kind of conflict and turbulence often necessary for productive institutional transformation. The phenomenon of erasure in relation to survival has troubling implications for efforts to preserve a community's legacy of struggle and a history of resistance toward distant, often antagonistic, educational bureaucracies. The study poses questions about the use of school closure in current school accountability policy enactments and, more broadly, emphasizes the complexity of the school restructuring process.
An Investigation of the Effects of Variations in Mentor-Based Induction on the Performance of Students in California
Authors: Fletcher Stephen , Strong Michael , Villar Anthony 
Published: February 2022

Background/Context Policy makers are concerned about teacher shortages and the high rate of attrition among new teachers. Mentor-based induction has been shown to reduce the numbers of new teachers leaving schools or the profession. However, staying in the profession does not mean that new teachers are effective in helping students learn. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose of the project was to study how variations in new teacher support programs are related to changes in student achievement. Research Design Three districts that had participated in the New Teacher Center training program were asked to be a part of a study about program effectiveness. Using data collected from interviews with district officials, the programs of the districts were categorized based on the mentor/novice ratio. This ratio was selected because it has implications for mentor selection, mentor training, and contact time between mentors and new teachers. Districts also provided achievement data for students taught by new teachers in Grades 2–6. Population/Participants/Subjects Three school districts in California agreed to participate in the study. The number of participants in the three districts included, respectively, 17 new teachers and 424 students; 31 new teachers and 709 students; and 51 new teachers and 1,288 students. Data Collection and Analysis Two types of data were used for the study. First, a numerical score was created for each program based on the mentor/novice ratio. Second, achievement scores from two consecutive spring testing periods were obtained from districts for students taught by new teachers in the elementary grades. Districts were treated as separate case studies, with student achievement being in terms of student and class variables. For one district, we also compared class level achievement for teachers with different years of experience. Conclusions/Recommendations Mentor-based induction may have a positive effect on student achievement if the program allows for weekly contact and mentor selectivity is high.
Dueling Banjos: Shifting Economic and Cultural Contexts in the Lives of Youth
Authors: Weis Lois , Dimitriadis Greg 
Published: February 2022

Background/Context As the economy grows ever more tight, the school (K–16) is increasingly important in relation to life choices and outcomes, and researchers who focus on youth culture, often in and out of school contexts, can no longer afford to ignore such traditional educational institutions. If school credentials do not “guarantee” social mobility, they are certainly the sine qua non of such mobility in the New Economy. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study In this article, we put these concerns into dialogue with recent work (including our own) that valorizes out-of-school settings and popular texts as sites for the production of authentic and vibrant youth identities. We find ourselves less and less able to read youth practices as removed from the structural realities of schooling and the economic context within which this all plays out. This means that we can no longer valorize youth practices as disconnected from their broader context because the linkage between “success” in school (defined in particular ways such as test scores, attainment, and so forth) and economic and social possibility is becoming tighter than ever. The consequences of what we often theorize as vibrant youth identities as produced in out-of-school sites, then, must be examined and theorized as part of a long-term intellectual project that explores such identities in school spaces and beyond. Research Design For this article, we critically interrogated and synthesized extant research in three key areas: the New Economy and globalized capitalism; the production of youth identities through popular culture and out-of-school learning settings; and qualitative research and multi-sited ethnography. Conclusions/Recommendations We offer reconceptualized multi-sited ethnographic approaches as one potential set of responses to this central challenge now facing educational researchers: bridging concerns around the attenuation of economic opportunities for youth and current work on the vibrancy of youths’ cultural lives.
Change and Continuity in Grades 3–5: Effects of Poverty and Grade on Standardized Test Scores
Authors: Burross Heidi Legg 
Published: February 2022

Background/Context The question of the influence of Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) on achievement is an important one because many policy makers use achievement scores as the measure of success for schools, classrooms, and students. Research has demonstrated that high-poverty schools have less experienced teachers and access to fewer resources than do low-and moderate-poverty schools. Interest in fourth-grade achievement has been minimal both in research and in legislation. Research Question Do these CSR schools make gains that would not be expected without the funding and programs? Another question examined here is whether there is a decrease in performance at fourth grade. Population The population consists of third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade student data from 65 schools. Research Design Data from the state's norm-referenced TerraNova test and Stanford Achievement Test, and the criterion-referenced Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) from the years 2000–2007 for the samples were compared over time and between groups. Conclusions These limited data indicate that there were occasional, observable performance decreases on student standardized test scores from third to fourth grade that often recovered somewhat in Grade 5. Because of problems with making cross-year and cross-grade comparisons using the AIMS scores, the “fourth-grade window” hypothesis could not be reliably inspected with the data available. Although gains were shown for schools that received CSR funding, their gains were similar to both high- and low-poverty schools that received no funding. Fluctuations in yearly performances may be more of an artifact of changes in test design and scoring than of student improvements.
COVID‐19 Tracheostomy Outcomes
Authors: Molin Nicole , Myers Keith , Soliman Ahmed M.S. , Schmalbach Cecelia E. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives(1) Assess overall COVID‐19 mortality in ventilated patients with and without tracheostomy. (2) Determine the impact of tracheostomy on mechanical ventilation duration, overall length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS for patients with COVID‐19.Study DesignCase series with planned chart review.SettingSingle‐institution tertiary care center.MethodsPatients with COVID‐19 who were ≥18 years old and requiring invasive positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) met inclusion criteria. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts: IPPV with tracheostomy and IPPV with intubation only. Cohorts were analyzed for the following primary outcome measures: mortality, LOS, ICU LOS, and IPPV duration.ResultsAn overall 258 patients with IPPV met inclusion criteria: 46 (18%) with tracheostomy and 212 (82%) without (66% male; median age, 63 years [interquartile range, 18.75]). Average LOS, time in ICU, and time receiving IPPV were longer in the tracheostomy cohort (P <. 01). Ability to wean from IPPV was similar between cohorts (P >. 05). The number of deaths in the nontracheostomy cohort (54%) was significantly higher than the tracheostomy cohort (29%, P <. 01).ConclusionsWhile tracheostomy placement in patients with COVID‐19 did not shorten overall LOS, mechanical ventilation duration, or ICU LOS, patients with a tracheostomy experienced a significantly lower number of deaths vs those without. One goal for tracheostomy is improved pulmonary toilet with associated shortened IPPV requirements. Our study did not identify this advantage among the COVID‐19 population. However, this study demonstrates that the need for tracheostomy in the COVID‐19 setting does not portent a poor prognostic factor, as patients with a tracheostomy experienced a significantly higher survival rate than their nontracheostomy counterparts.
Psychosocial Interventions for Prisoners with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thekkumkara Sreekanth Nair , Jagannathan Aarti , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Murthy Pratima 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of the Review: The prevalence of mental and substance use disorders is three to five times higher than that of the general population. Psychosocial interventions are effective in identifying and managing mental health and substance use disorders. This article aims to review the randomized control studies which have used nonpharmacological interventions alone or in combination with pharmacological interventions for managing mental and substance use disorders in prison/correctional settings. Collection and Analysis of Data: Studies included were randomized control trials and pilot randomized studies that assessed the impact of psychosocial interventions for prisoners with mental disorders and substance use disorders. A comprehensive search for articles was done by the primary author (Sreekanth Nair Thekkumkara) in the following databases: PubMed, ProQuest, PsychArticles, and Google Scholar (search engine), for the period June 1, 2000, to December 31, 2020. Results and Conclusions: The 21 studies included in the review had a sample size of 34 to 759. The settings of all the interventions were the prison and different types of psychosocial interventions were provided across the studies. The average duration of intervention ranged between 10 min and 120 min with the frequency of one to six sessions per week for 1 to 36 months. All the 21 Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) were nonIndian studies. Overall, the results of the included studies showed significant improvement postintervention (motivational intervention, interpersonal therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, positive psychology intervention, music therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy) on primary outcome measures such as symptom severity of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse prisoners. Positive effects were observed on secondary outcome measures such as motivation, aggression, follow up rates, and recidivism. A limited number of studies have focused on evaluating psychosocial interventions in prison settings. Most of the interventions were tested in prisoners with substance use disorder alone or in those with dual diagnoses and in high-income countries.
Heritability and Clinical Characteristics of Neuropsychological Profiles in Youth With and Without Elevated ADHD Symptoms
Authors: Arnett Anne B. , McGrath Lauren M. , Flaherty Brian P. , Pennington Bruce F. , Willcutt Erik G. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: In the last decade, there has been an increase in research that aims to parse heterogeneity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study tests heritability of latent class neuropsychological subtypes. Method: Latent class analysis was used to derive subtypes in a sample of school-age twins ( N = 2,564) enriched for elevated ADHD symptoms. Results: Five neuropsychological profiles replicated across twin 1 and twin 2 datasets. Latent class membership was heritable overall, but heritability varied by profile and was lower than heritability of ADHD status. Variability in neuropsychological performance across domains was the strongest predictor of elevated ADHD symptoms. Neuropsychological profiles showed distinct associations with age, psychiatric symptoms and reading ability. Conclusion: Neuropsychological profiles are associated with unique neurocognitive presentations, but are not strong candidate endophenotypes for ADHD diagnosis.
Nocebo Response in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of 105 Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Ramírez-Saco David , Barcheni Maghie , Cunill Ruth , Sáez Marc , Farré Magí , Castells Xavier 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine nocebo response in ADHD, identify covariates modifying nocebo response, and study the relationship between nocebo response and drug safety. Method: Systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCT) investigating the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for ADHD patients. The influence of covariates was studied using meta-regression. Results: A total of 105 studies with 8,743 patients in placebo arms were included. Slightly over half (55.5%) of the patients experienced adverse events (AE) while receiving placebo. Nocebo response was associated positively with age, treatment length and method for collecting AEs. Studies with the largest nocebo response showcased the greatest drug response and the best outcome for drug safety. Conclusion: Nocebo response in ADHD RCTs is remarkable, showing a positive relationship with drug response, and a negative relationship with drug safety.
Children’s language play as collaborative improvisations–rethinking paths to literacy
Authors: Holm Lars , Ahrenkiel Annegrethe 
Published: February 2022

Inspired by research in language play and linguistic ethnography, this article examines children’s language play in early childhood education and care (ECEC) as a locally situated generic practice created through children’s semiotic repertoires. The article is based on video-recorded linguistic ethnographic fieldwork in a Danish day care centre. By analysing two play sequences with 3–4 year old children, we examine how the children align to each other in an improvised way while co-creating social worlds. The multimodal micro-ethnographic analysis reveals how an assemblage of chunks of language, musicality, movements, affect and materiality is constitutive of children’s language play, and how language play appears as an integral part of children’s local language practices. The children’s use of a broad range of semiotic repertoires in language play represents a unique practice that might enhance our theoretical and empirical understanding of child language. We argue that empirical insight into children’s language play has the potential for developing paths to language and literacy that challenge the often highly prioritised ‘precursors to literacy’ strategy as the central aim for language learning in ECEC.
Short-Term Complications Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Associated Risk Factors: A NSQIP Database Analysis
Authors: Kwon Nicholas F. , Danilkowicz Richard M. , Kim Jaewhan , Grimm Nathan L. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has become increasingly utilized over the past 20 years to treat osteoarthritis of the ankle. The efficacy and safety of this procedure has been previously reported, but relatively few studies have documented the risk of postoperative complications associated with TAA over the past 10 years. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide a current report on the safety of TAA, particularly in association with a number of preoperative risk factors. Methods A retrospective review of all patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent TAA between 2012 and 2018 was performed. A total of 1333 patients were included in this analysis. Penalized logistic regression to consider small numbers of the postoperative complications was used to identify factors associated with incidence of the complications. Results The rate of readmission and superficial wound infection were found to be 1.4% and 0.6%, respectively. Risk factors associated with a prolonged hospital stay were black race, Hispanic race, and smoking. Diabetes was associated with a significantly increased risk of readmission. Age, sex, body mass index, and steroid use were not associated with increased risk of postoperative complications. Conclusion In this study, the rate of surgical site infection and readmission in TAA was found to be relatively low, compared to published data on total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Both race and smoking increase the risk of prolonged hospital stay, while diabetes increases the risk of readmission. Levels of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative trial.
Time interval between alfentanil and rocuronium administration necessary to prevent rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement
Authors: Wang Xiao-Dan , Chen Ling-yang , Zhou Chun-Lian , Cong Hai-tao , Chen Nan-jin , Wang Ming-Cang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine the time interval between alfentanil and rocuronium administration, at a 50% probability of preventing pain-induced withdrawal movement from rocuronium injection (TimeAR50).MethodsA total of 64 patients scheduled for general anesthesia were enrolled in this study (33 men and 31 women). Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol, at an effect-site target concentration of 3 μg/mL. Then, alfentanil 15 μg/kg was injected for 30 s. After 60 s, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was administered to the first patient. The Dixon’s up-and-down method was used to determine the time interval for each subsequent patient (interval of 5 s). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at three time points: T0, pre-induction; T1, before rocuronium injection; and T2, 1 min after rocuronium injection.ResultsThe TimeAR50 ± standard deviation (SD) was 5.6 ± 3.7 s and 21.9 ± 5.6 s in the male and female patients, respectively. Based on the probit regression, the TimeAR50 was 4.7 s (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–7.6 s) and 20.3 s (95% CI, 7.7–26.1 s) in the male and female patients, respectively. The TimeAR95 was 10.6 s (95% CI, 7.7–25.3 s) and 35.0 s (95% CI, 28.1–95.5 s) in the male and female patients, respectively, with significantly higher values in females than in males (P < 0.001). Compared with the T0, MAP and HR decreased significantly at T1 and T2 in both groups.ConclusionThe TimeAR50 required for preventing rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement were 4.7 s and 20.3 s in male and female patients, respectively.Trial registrationThis study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry on April 7, 2021 (URL:http://www.chictr.org.cn. Registry number:ChiCTR2100045137) .
Impact of neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy on borderline resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial abutment; a prospective, open-label, phase II study in a single institution
Authors: Masui Toshihiko , Nagai Kazuyuki , Anazawa Takayuki , Sato Asahi , Uchida Yuichiro , Nakano Kenzo , Yogo Akitada , Kaneda Akihiro , Nakamura Naoto , Yoshimura Michio , Mizowaki Takashi , Uza Norimitsu , Fukuda Akihisa , Matsumoto Shigemi , Kanai Masashi , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Mizumoto Masaki , Seo Satoru , Hata Koichiro , Taura Kojiro , Kawaguchi Yoshiya , Takaori Kyoichi , Uemoto Shinji , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) is a category of pancreatic cancer that is anatomically widely spread, and curative resection is uncommon with upfront surgery. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a form of radiation therapy that delivers precise radiation to a tumor while minimizing the dose to surrounding normal tissues. Here, we conducted a phase 2 study to estimate the curability and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using IMRT (NACIMRT) for patients with BRPC with arterial abutment (BRPC-A).

Methods
A total of 49 BRPC-A patients were enrolled in this study and were treated at our hospital according to the study protocol between June 2013 and March 2021. The primary endpoint was microscopically margin-negative resection (R0) rates and we subsequently analyzed safety, histological effect of the treatment as well as survivals among patients with NACIMRT.

Results
Twenty-nine patients (59.2%) received pancreatectomy after NACIMRT. The R0 rate in resection patients was 93.1% and that in the whole cohort was 55.1%. No mortality was encountered. Local therapeutic effects as assessed by Evans classification showed good therapeutic effect (Grade 1, 3.4%; Grade 2a, 31.0%; Grade 2b, 48.3%; Grade 3, 3.4%; Grade 4, 3.4%). Median disease-free survival was 15.5 months. Median overall survival in the whole cohort was 35.1 months. The only independent prognostic pre-NACIMRT factor identified was serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9) > 400 U/ml before NACIMRT.

Conclusions
NACIMRT showed preferable outcome without significant operative morbidity for BRPC-A patients. NACIMRT contributes to good local tumor control, but a high initial serum CA19-9 implies poor prognosis even after neoadjuvant treatment.

Trial Registration
UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000011776
Registration number: UMIN000010113.
Date of first registration: 01/03/2013,