bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh–Bénard instability in the presence of phase boundary and shear
Authors: Lu Cailei , Zhang Mengqi , Luo Kang , Wu Jian , Yi Hongliang 
Published: September 2022

We study the two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard instability subject to the combined effects of a solid–liquid phase boundary and shear using linear stability theory and energy analysis. We consider two thermal states of the solid (isothermal and conducting), and two types of shear that can arise in different contexts. When the melting temperature is equal to that held at the top boundary, three instability modes can arise with the increase of Reynolds number Re that characterizes the shear intensity: a boundary mode, a mixed boundary–bulk mode and a bulk flow mode. When the melting temperature lies between the top and the bottom boundaries, the introduction of Couette flow, independent of its intensity, always leads to the mixed mode, whereas the instability with Poiseuille flow is dominated by the bulk flow mode once Re exceeds a critical value, below which the mixed mode dominates. The energy analysis suggests that there exist two mechanisms by which the shear flow affects the system: one is by inhibiting the upward heat flux and another is by absorbing energy from the perturbed hydrodynamic field. These two mechanisms can play totally different roles in different cases. Results in the high-Re regime indicate that, when Re exceeds its classical threshold, i.e. Re = 5772.2 for Poiseuille flow, the Tollmien–Schlichting instability will be dominant in the present system.
Sleeping giant:A research agenda for politics and chronobiology
Authors: Ksiazkiewicz Aleksander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSleep research presents an important frontier of discovery for political science. While sleep has largely been neglected by political scientists, human psychology is inextricably linked with sleep and so political cognition must be as well. Existing work shows that sleep is linked to political participation and ideology, and that contentious politics can disrupt sleep. I propose three directions for future research—on participatory democracy, on ideology, and on how context shapes sleep-politics links. I also note that sleep research intersects with the study of political institutions, of war and conflict, of elite decision-making, and of normative theory. In short, political scientists across subfields can and should consider whether and how sleep influences political life in their area of expertise and how to influence relevant policies. This new research agenda will enrich our theories of politics and enable us to identify pressing areas for policy interventions to revitalize our democracy.
Workforce Policies and Operational Risk: Evidence from U.S. Bank Holding Companies
Authors: Curti Filippo , Fauver Larry , Mihov Atanas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing supervisory data on operational losses from large U.S. bank holding companies (BHCs), we show that BHCs with socially responsible workforce policies suffer lower operational losses per dollar of total assets. The association significantly varies by the type of workforce policies and the type of operational losses. It is driven not only by small frequent losses but also by severe tail operational risk events. Further, the risk-reducing effects of the socially responsible workforce policies are stronger for larger BHCs with more employees. Our findings have important implications for banking organization performance, risk, and supervision.
First live sighting of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in the Yellow Sea, the northern-most record of the species range
Authors: Lin Wenzhi , Wu Lan , Zeng Qianhui , Leng Xiaoyu , Mo Yaqian , Serres Agathe , Li Songhai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn opportunistic sighting of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) was reported in the nearshore waters off the east Liaodong Peninsula, China. This is the first at-sea sighting in this area, and the northern-most sighting record of this species with a distance >3000 km away from the nearest described conspecific population located in the mid-China. The present sighting occurred in close proximity to the location at which another Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin was found by-caught in 2003. The sighted individual could not be identified through the existing photo-identification catalogues of this species in China (>3500 individuals). Therefore, we suggest that a population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins that was never reported might exist in the north of the Yellow Sea.
Trajectory optimization of the redundant manipulator with local variable period under multi-machine coordination
Authors: Yu Luchuan , Zhou Shunqing , Huang Shenquan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coordinated motion between the press and the feeding mechanism directly determines the production efficiency of the high-speed stamping line. In order to generate the high-performance trajectory of the feeding mechanism, this paper investigates the optimization of the trajectory with the local variable period. Based on the quintic B-spline curve and normal distribution, the smooth interpolation method of variable-time interval is proposed to generate the collision-free and energy-jerk-minimal trajectory with variable-time intervals. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can make the feeding mechanism transition smoothly between districts of variable-time and fixed-time intervals. It is beneficial to avoid re-performing the entire process of trajectory planning. ADAMS and actual experiments are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method can maintain the high performance of the initial trajectory, and there is no sharp point in the displacement-time and velocity-time curves. The investigation provides a new direction for the direct generation of local variable-period trajectories in the multi-machine coordination of the stamping line.
Explicit Instruction within a Task: Before, During, or After?
Authors: Michaud Gabriel , Ammar Ahlem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study addresses the effects of the timing of explicit instruction within the three phases of a task cycle (pretask, task, posttask) while considering learner’s previous knowledge. Eight intact groups (N = 165) of French L2 university-level students (4 B1- and 4 B2-level groups) completed two tasks. Groups were formed according to previous knowledge. Three groups received explicit instruction on the French subjunctive during the pretask, task, or posttask phase of each task. The control groups completed the task without prior instruction. Participants completed an elicited imitation test and a grammaticality judgment test as pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttests. Results showed that explicit instruction embedded in a task facilitates the development of explicit and implicit knowledge and that the efficacy of instruction is not significantly influenced by the timing at which it is provided or by the learners’ level of previous knowledge.
A practical environment potential field modelling method for complex geometric objects
Authors: Zhu Zhongxian , Lyu Hongguang , Zhang Jundong , Yin Yong , Fan Xiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have been conducted on collision avoidance (CA) and path planning for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) based on artificial potential field (APF) and electronic navigation chart (ENC) data. However, to date, accurate, highly efficient, and automatic modelling of complicated geometry environment potential fields (EPFs) has not been realised. In this study, an accurate EPF model is established using ENC data to describe different types of obstacles, navigable areas, and non-navigable areas. The implicit equations of complex polygons are constructed based on the R-function theory, and the discrete-convex hull method is introduced to realise the automatic modelling of EPF. Moreover, collaborative CA and obstacle avoidance (OA) experiments are designed and conducted in a simulated environment and based on the ENC data. The results show that the proposed EPF modelling method is accurate, reliable, and time-efficient even with numerous ENC data and complex shapes owing to the R-function representation for geometric objects and discrete-convex hull method. The combination of improved APF and EPF models is proven to be effective for CA and OA. This paper presents a practical EPF modelling approach for APF-based ship path planning.
An acoustic study of Tetsǫ́t’ıné stress: Iambic stress in a quantity-sensitive tone language
Authors: Jaker Alessandro , Howson Phil J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper presents both distributional and acoustic phonetic evidence for iambic stress in Tetsǫ́t'ıné (ISO: CHP), a Dene (Athapaskan) language with contrastive vowel length and four contrastive tones. In our acoustic study, we find that the primary correlate of stress in Tetsǫ́t'ıné is duration, whereas intensity plays a secondary but statistically significant role. There was no statistically significant effect on F0 in our results. We discuss our results in relation to several proposals regarding the typology of stress systems. Based on the Functional Load Hypothesis (Berinstein 1979) and Dispersion Theory (Flemming 1995, 2001), we find that our results are to some extent unexpected. We suggest that our results are most consistent with the Iambic–Trochaic Law (Hayes 1995), which predicts that iambic stress systems prefer to use duration as their primary stress correlate.
A novel set of polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers for northern red oak (Q. rubra L.)
Authors: Götz Jeremias , Gailing Oliver 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOaks are model species due to their importance in various ecosystems, worldwide distribution, high economic value and emerging genomic resources. As such, knowledge on population differentiation across their distribution range is of high importance for sustainable forest management. As in most angiosperms, chloroplasts are maternally (via seeds) inherited in oak species and acorns are dispersed over comparably short distances. Consequently, chloroplast markers reveal comparatively high differentiation between populations, making them highly viable for the analysis of historic migration patterns and the certification of reproductive material. Despite the existence of various white oak (section: Quercus) chloroplast markers, red oak (section: Lobatae) chloroplast markers remain limited. Northern red oak is one of the most important North American oak species and a widespread non-native plantation tree species in European forests. We took advantage of chloroplast genomes of Q. rubra L. and related oak chloroplast genomes to develop a set of robust and easy-to-use chloroplast microsatellite primers for northern red oak. Furthermore, we tested transferability of those novel red oak primer pairs to Q. robur L. and Q. petraea Matt. Liebl. The new set of fifteen polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers revealed three additional northern red oak haplotypes after screening 80 northern red oak individuals representing seven haplotypes, identified based on formerly available markers. Therefore, they provide a higher resolution of haplotypes as compared to currently available markers.
Super‐Droplet Method to Simulate Lagrangian Microphysics of Nuclear Fallout in a Homogeneous Cloud
Authors: McGuffin D. L. , Lucas D. D. , Morris J. P. , Spriggs G. D. , Knight K. B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNuclear detonations produce hazardous local and global particles or fallout. Predicting fallout size, chemical components, and location is necessary to inform officials and determine immediate guidance for the public. However, existing nuclear detonation fallout models prescribe the particle size distributions based on limited observations. In this work, we apply the super‐droplet method, which is a numerical modeling technique developed for cloud microphysics, to simulate size distributions of particles in a mushroom cloud formed post‐detonation of a nuclear device. We model fallout formation and evolution with homogeneous nucleation and condensation of a single species and a Monte Carlo coagulation algorithm. We verify the numerical methods representing coagulation and condensation processes against analytical test problems. Additionally, we explore several scenarios for the integral system mass and yield in equivalent kilotons (kt) of TNT (trinitrotoluene). The fallout size distribution median diameter dpg follows a scaling law based on the integral system mass mv0 kg and yield Y kt: nm. We test the effect of cloud turbulence, enhanced nucleation and growth, and vapor volatility with a sensitivity study. The range in median diameter predictions for simulations of historical tests performed over the Pacific encompass the measurements of particles sampled from the cloud caps. Predicted median particle size ranges up to 217, 123, 86, and 35 nm for historical tests with yields of 0.2, 0.7, 2, and 10 Mt, respectively. This work can be expanded in many different directions to build a more predictive model for fallout formation.
Combining Eddy Covariance and Chamber Methods to Better Constrain CO2 and CH4 Fluxes Across a Heterogeneous Restored Tidal Wetland
Authors: Shahan Julie , Chu Housen , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Matsumura Maiyah , Carlin Joseph , Eichelmann Elke , Stuart‐Haentjens Ellen , Bergamaschi Brian , Nakatsuka Kyle , Sturtevant Cove , Oikawa Patty 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTidal wetlands play an important role in global carbon cycling by storing carbon in sediment at millennial time scales, transporting dissolved carbon into coastal waters, and contributing significantly to global CH4 budgets. However, these ecosystems' greenhouse gas monitoring and predictions are challenging due to spatial heterogeneity and tidal flooding. We utilized eddy covariance and chamber measurements to quantify fluxes of CO2 and CH4 at a restored tidal saltmarsh across spatial and temporal scales. Eddy covariance data revealed that the site was a strong net sink for CO2 (−387 g C‐CO2 m−2 yr−1, SD = 46) and a small net source of CH4 (0.7 g C‐CH4 m−2 yr−1, SD = 0.4). After partitioning net ecosystem exchange of CO2 into gross primary production and ecosystem respiration, we found that high net uptake of CO2 was due to low respiration emissions rather than high photosynthetic rates. We also found that respiration rates varied between land covers with increased respiration in mudflats compared to vegetated areas. Daytime soil chamber measurements revealed that the greatest CO2 emission was from higher elevation mudflat soils (0.5 μmol m−2s−1, SE = 1.3) and CH4 emission was greatest from lower elevation Spartina foliosa soils (1.6 nmol m−2s−1, SD = 8.2). Overall, these results highlight the importance of the relationships between wetland plant community and elevation, and inundation for CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Future research should include the use of high‐resolution imagery, automated chambers, and a focus on quantifying carbon exported in tidal waters.
Olfactory marker protein regulation of glucagon secretion in hyperglycemia
Authors: Oh Ju Hun , Han Ye Eon , Bao Ya Ru , Kang Chan Woo , Koo JaeHyung , Ku Cheol Ryong , Cho Yoon Hee , Lee Eun Jig 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe olfactory marker protein (OMP), which is also expressed in nonolfactory tissues, plays a role in regulating the kinetics and termination of olfactory transduction. Thus, we hypothesized that OMP may play a similar role in modulating the secretion of hormones involved in Ca2+ and cAMP signaling, such as glucagon. In the present study, we confirmed nonolfactory α-cell-specific OMP expression in human and mouse pancreatic islets as well as in the murine α-cell line αTC1.9. Glucagon and OMP expression increased under hyperglycemic conditions. Omp knockdown in hyperglycemic αTC1.9 cells using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the responses to glucagon release and the related signaling pathways compared with the si-negative control. The OMPlox/lox;GCGcre/w mice expressed basal glucagon levels similar to those in the wild-type OMPlox/lox mice but showed resistance against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. The ectopic olfactory signaling events in pancreatic α-cells suggest that olfactory receptor pathways could be therapeutic targets for reducing excessive glucagon levels.
Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis
Authors: Chen Yang , Wu Min , Chen Fuli , Wen Xiaoxiao , Zhao Liancheng , Li Gang , Zhou Long 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
High sodium intake has been linked to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of chronic inflammation in the association between sodium and NAFLD. We also observed whether β-carotene, which had a strong anti-inflammatory effect, lowers the odds of NAFLD.

Methods
We performed mediation analyses to assess the mediating effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) and red cell distribution width (RDW) on the relationship between dietary sodium and NAFLD defined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fatty liver index (FLI), respectively.

Results
A total of 6725 participants were included in this study. Compared with the high sodium-low carotene group, participants in the high sodium-high carotene group had 16% and 26% lower odds for HSI and FLI-defined NAFLD, respectively. There were positive indirect effects of dietary sodium intake on the HSI-defined NAFLD (indirect effect: 0.0057, 95% CI: 0.0021–0.0091, P < 0.0001), as well as the FLI defined NAFLD (indirect effect: 0.0081, 95% CI: 0.0024–0.0162, P < 0.0001) when C-reactive protein (CRP) was considered as a mediator. The mediating effects were somewhat attenuated after further adjusting for dietary β-carotene intake. Similar results were found when RDW was considered as a mediator in the HSI-defined NAFLD analysis.

Conclusions
Higher sodium intake increases the odds of NAFLD by upregulating inflammation. Dietary β-carotene may attenuate this association by down regulating inflammation.
Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle
Authors: Wang Xia , Tian Lu , Lu Jingyi , Ng Irene Oi-Lin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger and noncoding RNA), and metabolites to promote intercellular communication. Proteins and noncoding RNA are among the most abundant contents in exosomes; they have biological functions and are selectively packaged into exosomes. Exosomes derived from tumor, stromal and immune cells contribute to the multiple stages of cancer progression as well as resistance to therapy. In this review, we will discuss the biogenesis of exosomes and their roles in cancer development. Since specific contents within exosomes originate from their cells of origin, this property allows exosomes to function as valuable biomarkers. We will also discuss the potential use of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies for multiple cancers. Furthermore, the applications of exosomes as direct therapeutic targets or engineered vehicles for drugs are an important field of exosome study. Better understanding of exosome biology may pave the way to promising exosome-based clinical applications.
Metabolomic and exposomic biomarkers of risk of future neurodevelopmental delay in human milk
Authors: Li Kefeng , Bertrand Kerri , Naviaux Jane C. , Monk Jonathan M. , Wells Alan , Wang Lin , Lingampelly Sai Sachin , Naviaux Robert K. , Chambers Christina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The chemical composition of human milk has long-lasting effects on brain development. We examined the prognostic value of the human milk metabolome and exposome in children with the risk of neurodevelopmental delay (NDD).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 82 mother–infant pairs (40 male and 42 female infants). A total of 59 milk samples were from mothers with typically developing children and 23 samples were from mothers of children at risk. Milk samples were collected before 9 months of age (4.6 ± 2.5 months, mean ± SD). Neurocognitive development was assessed by maternal report at 14.2 ± 3.1 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-2.

Results
Metabolome and exposome profiling identified 453 metabolites and 61 environmental chemicals in milk. Machine learning tools identified changes in deoxysphingolipids, phospholipids, glycosphingolipids, plasmalogens, and acylcarnitines in the milk of mothers with children at risk for future delay. A predictive classifier had a diagnostic accuracy of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66–0.96) for females and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62–0.94) for males.

Conclusions
Once validated in larger studies, the chemical analysis of human milk might be added as an option in well-baby checks to help identify children at risk of NDD before the first symptoms appear.

Impact

Maternal milk for infants sampled before 9 months of age contained sex-specific differences in deoxysphingolipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens, phospholipids, and acylcarnitines that predicted the risk of neurodevelopmental delay at 14.2 months of age.

Once validated, this early biosignature in human milk might be incorporated into well-baby checks and help to identify infants at risk so early interventions might be instituted before the first symptoms appear.
Control of structure and spin texture in the van der Waals layered magnet CrSBr
Authors: Klein J. , Pham T. , Thomsen J. D. , Curtis J. B. , Denneulin T. , Lorke M. , Florian M. , Steinhoff A. , Wiscons R. A. , Luxa J. , Sofer Z. , Jahnke F. , Narang P. , Ross F. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractControlling magnetism at nanometer length scales is essential for realizing high-performance spintronic, magneto-electric and topological devices and creating on-demand spin Hamiltonians probing fundamental concepts in physics. Van der Waals (vdW)-bonded layered magnets offer exceptional opportunities for such spin texture engineering. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale structural control in the layered magnet CrSBr with the potential to create spin patterns without the environmental sensitivity that has hindered such manipulations in other vdW magnets. We drive a local phase transformation using an electron beam that moves atoms and exchanges bond directions, effectively creating regions that have vertical vdW layers embedded within the initial horizontally vdW bonded exfoliated flakes. We calculate that the newly formed two-dimensional structure is ferromagnetically ordered in-plane with an energy gap in the visible spectrum, and weak antiferromagnetism between the planes, suggesting possibilities for creating spin textures and quantum magnetic phases.
Reversible hydrogen spillover in Ru-WO3-x enhances hydrogen evolution activity in neutral pH water splitting
Authors: Chen Jiadong , Chen Chunhong , Qin Minkai , Li Ben , Lin Binbin , Mao Qing , Yang Hongbin , Liu Bin , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNoble metal electrocatalysts (e.g., Pt, Ru, etc.) suffer from sluggish kinetics of water dissociation for the electrochemical reduction of water to molecular hydrogen in alkaline and neutral pH environments. Herein, we found that an integration of Ru nanoparticles (NPs) on oxygen-deficient WO3-x manifested a 24.0-fold increase in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity compared with commercial Ru/C electrocatalyst in neutral electrolyte. Oxygen-deficient WO3-x is shown to possess large capacity for storing protons, which could be transferred to the Ru NPs under cathodic potential. This significantly increases the hydrogen coverage on the surface of Ru NPs in HER and thus changes the rate-determining step of HER on Ru from water dissociation to hydrogen recombination.