bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM OSTEOCALCIN AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN CHINESE ADOLESCENTS AGED 12–18 YEARS
Authors: Bai Ling , Zhou Jinyu , Tong Lingling , Ding Wenqing 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The relationship between serum osteocalcin level and blood pressure remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether osteocalcin would be associated with blood pressure in Chinese adolescents.

Design and method:
A total of 1686 subjects (1022 boys,60.6%) aged 12–18 years from Ningxia were randomly selected through a stratified cluster sampling. Serum osteocalcin levels were measured by ELISA. Blood pressure (BP) by using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer according to the standard method by the American Hypertension Education Project Working Group.

Results:
The proportions of Hypertension was highest in the< = 33th percentile subgroup (39.8%) and lowest in the > 66th percentile subgroup (26.3%) in boys, with statistically significant differences between groups (2 = 10.988, P = 0.027). Compared with the subgroup of the< = 33th percentile, the odds ratios (ORs) for abnormal blood pressure were 0.73(95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55—0.96) in the 34th–66th percentile subgroup, 0.64(95% CI, 0.48—0.84) in the > 66th percentile subgroup, respectively. Additionally, the corresponding ORs for high BP were 0.63(95%CI,0.45–0.89) in the 34th–66th percentile subgroup,0.59(95%CI,0.42–0.84) in the > 66th percentile subgroup, respectively. Similar results were found in boys (P all < 0.05). After Adjusting age, fasting blood glucose and BMI, the ORs for high BP were 0.60(95%CI,0.36–0.99) in the > 66th percentile subgroup compared with the reference subgroup.

Conclusions:
Serum osteocalcin is a protective factor for hypertension in Chinese adolescents, especially in boys.
CARDIOMETABOLIC MULTIMORBIDITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: THE FIRST BRAZILIAN REGISTRY OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Batista Sandro Rodrigues , Vitorino Priscila V.O. , Silva Renato Rodrigues , Sousa Ana Luiza Lima , Coca Antonio , Barroso Weimar K. Sebba 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM-MM) is defined by the occurrence of at least two of morbidities (diabetes mellitus, stroke, acute myocardial infarction). The purpose of this study was to analyze the occurrence of CM-MM and associated factors among Brazilian patients with hypertension.

Design and method:
Cross-sectional study with participants of The First Brazilian Registry of Patients with Hypertension (BRH) from 45 sites in all regions of Brazil (n = 2,646). For this study we select the individuals with 65 and more years (n = 1,033) and CM-MM was defined with the presence of 2 or more of the following: diabetes mellitus, stroke, acute myocardial infarction evaluated by self related. CM-MM was analyzed according to sex, age, race, presence of others morbidities (dyslipidemia, myocardial revascularization, heart failure and chronic kidney disease), control of blood pressure, obesity, physical activity, actual smoking and alcohol consumption. The numerical variables were presented by median and interquartile range, the categorical variables by absolute and relative frequency. To verify the variables associated with the outcome, simple logistic regression was performed.

Results:
CM-MM was present in 8.9% of participants. The median age was 71.6 (IQ: 67.9–76.8), female (59.7%), 65–70 years of age (39.6%), and 59.8% were white. Obesity was present in 55.8% and 48.4% of individuals have no blood pressure controlled. The occurrence of diabetes mellitus, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction was, respectively, 32.7%, 14.7% and 6.7%. A higher occurrence of CM-MM was observed in males, aged between 70 and 75 years old and with 75 years old or more, the presence of dyslipidemia; myocardial revascularization (MR); heart failure (HF) and kidney disease. The intersection size among diseases is represented in Figure 1. After multiple analysis, the following variables were associated with the presence of cardiovascular multimorbidity: male gender; age equal to or greater than 75 years and report of dyslipidemia, MR and HF.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of CM-MM was high and an approach based on the clusters of cardiometabolic diseases can be a potent care strategy.
CARDIOVASCULAR, COMORBIDITY AND METABOLIC SCORES AND VASCULAR FUNCTION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Authors: Mozos Ioana , Jianu Daniela , Mozos Costin , Baba Mirela , Gug Cristina , Stoian Dana , Caraba Alexandru 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To assess the relationship between cardiovascular, comorbidity, and metabolic scores with arterial stiffness and early vascular aging, respectively, in a cohort of hospitalized patients.

Design and method:
A total of 55 patients, aged 61 ± 16 years, 35% men, hospitalized with several chronic disorders, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, dyslipidemia, obesity, chronic hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease were enrolled in the study. The vascular function was assessed using the Arteriograph, an oscillometric, noninvasive device. The cardiovascular score was calculated considering the presence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure, metabolic score included overweight obesity and dyslipidemia, and comorbidity score considered cardiovascular, metabolic, liver, and renal disorders.

Results:
Pulse wave velocity (PWV), arterial age, and brachial augmentation index (AixBrach) were: 10.21 ± 1.9 m/s, 55 ± 11 years, and -8.83 ± 34.37 %, respectively. Significant correlations were obtained between PWV and Comorbidity and Cardiovascular Score, respectively (r = 0.29, p = 0.033 and r = 0.34, p = 0.010, respectively). ROC curve analysis revealed the Cardiovascular Score as a diagnostic test for early vascular aging (AUC = 0.717, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Comorbidity and Cardiovascular Scores provide valuable information about arterial stiffness and early vascular aging in hospitalized patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the value of the mentioned scores in patients with chronic disorders.
TRICUSPID VALVE SECONDARY TO OLD BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA
Authors: Jain Rajesh , Hosseini Sj , Shoghli Reza 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The patient was a 42-year-old man who presented to the hospital with chest pain caused by movement.
The patient had no other symptoms and underwent cardiac examination and examination.
Echocardiography is performed. The patient mentions that these pains have been created for 6 months and have increased.
Background: After Trauma tricuspid insufficiency is an uncommon presentation generally caused by not traumatic injury to the chest wall and here the tricuspid valve injury is detected after 15 years of Chest injury by motorbike.

Design and method:
Case presentation
A 42-year-old man non-smoker and non-alcoholic presented with complaints of chest pain on movement with no exertional breathlessness for 3 months. Chest pain was increased with movement. He did not have any history of chronic illness. However, 15 years back he had suffered a non-penetrated chest trauma following a bike traffic accident. He was treated medically and since then he had remained well.
At admission, the pulse rate was 72/min, blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, and respiratory rate 20/min. Po2 88 mmHg, So2 97%. Physical examination revealed elevated jugular venous pressure with prominent V wave and Y descent, grade II pan systolic murmur best heard at the fifth intercostal space along the left sternal border, which increases on inspiration and bilateral basal pulmonary crepitations.

Results:
The patient was a 42-year-old man who had no history of any specific disease. Except for the history of an accident while riding a motorcycle 15 years ago, he did not have any particular complaints.
During the operation, we noticed a rupture of the cord (tricuspid valve) which was a sign of rupture due to trauma to the valve. After the surgery, the patient had a complete recovery process and was discharged. Due to the gradual process of severities, which was asymptomatic, we came too the conclusion that after the trauma, the patient suffered a partial tear of the tricuspid cord, which increased with age and time.

Conclusions:
The patient had chest pain and systolic sonic, which is a rare case of severe TR
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY IN COMORBID PATIENTS
Authors: Dunaieva Inna , Bilovol Olexander , Knyazkova Iryna , Kirienko Olexander 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
An analysis of antihypertensive drugs in patients with comorbidities, namely, arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, indicates that the complex treatment of these patients should include drugs that inhibit excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in particular, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB II). Numerous scientific data have established that angiotensin II is the main effector mediator of the RAAS, and ACE inhibitors do not fully inhibit the synthesis of angiotensin II. ARB II, their advantages over ACE inhibitors should be emphasized by their ability to reduce the effects of angiotensin II, regardless of the ways of its formation, aim of this study was to compare the results of treatment of patients with comorbidities

Design and method:
56 patients of middle age (64.4 ± 1.1) years old, men/women—43%/57% were examined and treated.
Arterial hypertension was diagnosed, according to the recommendations of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH), 2020. The type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity were diagnosed on the basis of clinical, instrumental, biochemical criteria, in accordance with the recommendations of WHO experts, the European Society of Endocrinologists.

Results:
After treatment for three months, there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (by 19.6%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (by 15%), and heart rate (HR) (by 9%).
From the side of echocardiographic characteristics, the following levels have decreased: EDV—by 25.5%, ESV—by 17.3%, EDD—by 24.0%, ESD—by 12.6%, LVMM—by 8.3%; LVEF has increased by 6% compared with the indicated indicators before treatment.
There were no significant differences between such indicators as fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, TChC, TG, HDL cholesterol, AI; however, a significant decrease was found after treatment in the levels of VLDL cholesterol and BMI.

Conclusions:
Treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity with the inclusion of ramipril or telmisartan in the standard therapy had a positive effect on the structural and functional parameters of the left ventricle and ejection fraction.
At the same time, the neutral effect of these drugs on carbohydrate metabolism in the examined category of patients has been determined.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS AND ATHEROMATOSIS OF CAROTID ARTERIES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Papavasileiou M.V. , Doumas M. , Karamanou A. , Moustakas G. , Patsianis S. , Aravantinos D. , Pittaras A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the serum uric acid levels with the atheromatosis of the carotid arteries of hypertensive patients and the possible role of fibrinogen in this status.

Design and method:
We studied 1296 hypertensive patients (45,2% female), treated or newly diagnosed untreated, of mean age: 60,2 ± 5,3 years, without any known cardiovascular disease and with mean office systolic/diastolic arterial blood pressure (S/DBPo): 145,9 ± 12.6/89.7 ± 5,3 mmHg, mean office heart rate (HRo): 74,3 ± 9,9 bpm, average body mass index (BMI): 28.3 ± 5,3 kg/m2and average waist circumference (WC) 96.1 ± 12.9 cm. The levels of serum uric acid (SUA), fibrinogen, urea and creatinine, were recorded. eGFR was calculated according Cockcroft-Gault Equation.
All studied patients underwent triplex –Doppler ultrasound of carotids and intima -media thickness was measured (IMT) and the presence or not of atheromatous plaque was investigated.
The study population was separated in two groups, according the IMT value and the existence or not of atheromatous plaque.
Group A: IMT > 0.9 mm or/and existence of atheromatous plaque
Group B: IMT < 0.9 mm and without any atheromatous plaque (t-test between the two groups p < = 0.001).
By using the ANOVA statistic method we registered the SUA levels values in both groups as well as fibrinogen levels.
Using Pearson correlation method we correlated SUA with fibrinogen serum levels

Results:
Table 1: Differences of serum uric acid levels between group A and group B

Table 2. Correlation between serum uric acid levels with fibrinogen levels

SUA: serum uric acid

Conclusions:
In hypertensive patients treated or not, the existence of increased thickness or atheromatous plaques in carotids was associated with significantly higher serum uric acid levels and fibrinogen levels, possibly indicating their importance in the atheromatous status of hypertensive patients while a significant positive correlation exists between SUA and fibrinogen levels in this population
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE REMNANT CHOLESTEROL AND OTHER LIPID PARAMETERS TO THE MACE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Papavasileiou Maria , Karamanou Alexandra , Moustakas Georgios , Aravantinos Dionysios , Patsianis Stylianos , Pittaras Andreas 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Of the study was to investigate the role of remnant cholesterol levels and other lipid parameters levels to the major cardiovascular events (MACE) in hypertensive patients.

Design and method:
This is a prospective analysis including 637 hypertensive patients (52,6% female) of mean age at the entry: 57,2 ± 13,1 years, mean office systolic/diastolic blood pressure (S/DBPo): 152,3 ± 19,1/94,4 ± 11,83 mmHg, mean office heart rate (HRo): 76,0 ± 12 beats/min, treated or newly diagnosed untreated. The median follow-up period was 9 years.
Total cholesterol (TCH), LDL-CH, HDL-CH, Triglycerides (Trg), VLDL-CH were measured at the entry of the study and Remnant cholesterol (RCH) as well as non HDL-CH (nonHDL) were calculated at the entry of the study. Major cardiovascular events (MACE) (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, transient ischemic attack or stroke, peripheral vascular intervention, heart failure events, cardiovascular death) were registered. We estimated the prognostic value of the above mentioned lipids parameters to the MACE.
Cox proportional hazard model were employed to determine the prognostic value of lipid parameters.

Results:
The median follow-up period was 9 years. There were 264 (40,5%) MACE at the end of the study.
Table Cox regression statistical analysis

TCH = total cholesterol, Trg=triglycerides, RCH= remnant cholesterol

Conclusions:
Remnant cholesterol as well as triglycerides serum levels, were the major predictors of MACE, greater than the prognostic value to MACE of LDL-CH and HDL-CH, while total and non HDL CH did not have any predictor value to MACE in hypertensive patients in a follow up of 9 years.
EFFECT OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TRACKING ON EXERCISE TOLERANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Tsygankova Oxana , Ponkin Serghei , Veretyuk Varvara 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To assess the effect of smartphone applications designed for physical activity tracking on exercise tolerance of patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) and coronary artery disease (CAD) during rehabilitation program.

Design and method:
We examined 464 patients with HTN (men 176, 37.9%) aged 61.7 ± 11.0 who attended rehabilitation programs in 5 days to 6 months after myocardial infarction (median 24 [6; 92] days) in health campus. Most of the patients undergone coronary revascularization: 371 (80.0%) - percutaneous coronary intervention and 75 (16.1%) coronary artery bypass grafting; 18 patients (3.9%) had non-invasive management. Patients were randomized in two groups: I (n = 238, 51.3%) were using mobile apps with activity trackers and II (control, n = 226, 48.7%) without intervention. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed at the time of admission, in the middle of the rehabilitation course (the 6th day) and before discharge (the 12th day) (6MWT1, 6MWT2 and 6MWT3, respectively). We compared groups using Mann-Whitney U test and assessed changes in 6MWT distance as the difference between measurements (6MWT2-1 = 6MWT2 – 6MWT1 and 6MWT3-1 = 6MWT3 – 6MWT1).

Results:
The 6MWT1 distance on admission did not differ between the experimental and control groups (440.1 ± 82.3 m vs 421.3 ± 78.1 m, p = 0.81). The 6MWT distance increased over time in both groups. In the middle and at the end of the course difference between the groups became statistically significant: 6MWT2 in I group 499.3 ± 88.5 m vs 446.0 ± 82.7 in group II, p < 0.001; 6MWT3 was 570.6 ± 89.5 m vs 473.6 ± 88.3 m, respectively, p < 0.001. Experimental group had a more pronounced increase in 6MWT after the 2nd measurement (6MWT2-1 59.1 ± 26.3 m vs 25.6 ± 17.7m, p < 0.001) and the 3rd measurement (6MWT3-1 was 130.5 ± 45.2 m vs 52.5 ± 30.6 m, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The use of mobile apps for physical activity tracking in patients with HTN and CAD after MI was associated with an increase in the 6MWT distance on the 6th and 12th day of cardiac rehabilitation program compared with the control group.
HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ANGINA AND NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVATION
Authors: Sakalidis Athanasios , Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Dri Eirini , Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Mantzouranis Emmanouil , Manta Eleni , Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Vaina Sophia , Leontsinis Ioannis , Konstantinou Konstantinos , Konstantinidis Dimitris , Tsioufis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
There are data supporting that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is implicated in the regulation of endothelium function and vascular tone in different cardiovascular disease states. Patients with hypertension and angina frequently present non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in angiography. The aim of our study was to assess the level of SNS activation in hypertensive patients with angina and non-obstructive CAD, in hypertensives without angina and normotensive controls.

Design and method:
Our population consisted of 10 treated hypertensive patients with angina who had non-obstructive CAD in coronary angiography [7 females, mean age: 60.5 ± 9.6 years, office blood pressure (BP): 157/93 ± 13/11 mmHg], 16 treated hypertensive patients without angina (9 females, mean age: 59.5 ± 7.5 years, office BP:142/88 mmHg) and 11 normotensive individuals without angina (8 females, mean age: 51.8 ± 11 years, BP:125/87 mmHg). In all participants, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was assessed.

Results:
Hypertensives with angina and non-obstructive CAD (n = 10) compared to hypertensive patients without angina (n = 16) and normotensives without angina (n = 11) exhibited higher levels of MSNA (57.6 ± 6.1 vs 43 ± 8.4 vs 45 ± 9.5 bursts per minute, respectively; p < 0.01 for all) and 24-h ambulatory BP (144/83 ± 20/14 vs 141/83 ± 7/10 vs to normotensives 125/81 ± 7/6 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). There were no differences in renal function between groups and no gender related effects on MSNA values (p = NS).

Conclusions:
Hypertensive patients with angina and non-obstructive CAD are characterized by higher SNS drive compared to hypertensives without angina and normotensive controls, as reflected by MSNA levels. These preliminary results indicate that therapies targeting SNS tone could be of potential clinical benefit in this high-risk hypertension phenotype.
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS DO NOT DECREASE THE RISK FOR CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: A META-ANALYSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME TRIALS
Authors: Patoulias Dimitrios , Katsimardou Alexandra , Imprialos Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Siskos Fotios , Kassimis George , Petidis Konstantinos , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Karagiannis Asterios , Doumas Michael 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while it represents the main cause of death, accounting for half of deaths in this population. Prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among diabetic subjects is relatively high, more than 20%. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), a class of antidiabetics with established cardiovascular benefits for patients with T2DM, have been shown to decrease the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, while they have been shown to decrease the risk for fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction; therefore they have been suggested as second-line treatment option for patients with T2DM and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Design and method:
We searched PubMed from inception to September 1st, 2021, for the relevant cardiovascular outcome trials with GLP-1RAs in patients with T2DM, to pool data concerning coronary revascularization. We searched both published reports and supplementary appendices. We evaluated the surrogate outcome of coronary revascularization with GLP-1RAs versus placebo.

Results:
We pooled data from 5 trials in a total of 41,355 subjects with T2DM. GLP-1RA treatment compared to placebo did not have a significant effect on the risk for coronary revascularization (risk ratio = 0.95, 95% CI; 0.81 – 1.11, I2 = 77%, p = 0.51). No significant differences were observed during various subgroup analyses.

Conclusions:
Despite their established cardioprotective effects in high-risk patients with T2DM, GLP-1RAs do not seem to confer a significant risk reduction in terms of coronary revascularization. Additional analyses according to the type of revascularization procedure might provide interesting insights.
EFFECT OF SGLT-2 INHIBITORS ON THE RISK FOR ANGINA IN PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Patoulias Dimitrios , Katsimardou Alexandra , Toumpourleka Maria , Boulmpou Aristi , Siskos Fotios , Koutsampasopoulos Konstantinos , Petidis Konstantinos , Kassimis George , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Doumas Michael 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Coronary artery disease represents the main form of cardiovascular disease worldwide, while it is the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Unstable angina and angina pectoris constitute major forms of coronary artery disease, associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Herein, we sought to determine the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on the risk for angina in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Design and method:
We pooled relevant data from the hallmark, cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, along with the heart failure trials in patients with or without background type 2 diabetes mellitus, assigned either to a SGLT-2 inhibitor or control. We set as primary outcome the risk for angina pectoris and as secondary outcome the risk for unstable angina.

Results:
We finally pooled data from a total of 9 trials in 59,962 subjects assigned either to a SGLT-2 inhibitor or placebo. SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment did not decrease significantly the risk for angina pectoris (risk ratio = 0.94, 95% CI; 0.81 – 1.08, I2 = 0%); likewise it did not significantly affect the risk for unstable angina (risk ratio = 0.91, 95% CI; 0.81 – 1.03, I2 = 0%). No subgroup differences between various study groups were observed.

Conclusions:
SGLT-2 inhibitors do not affect significantly the risk for unstable angina and angina pectoris among subjects with established or at high risk for cardiovascular disease.