bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological correlates of pyramidal signs in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Lin Chi‐Ying R. , Viswanathan Anisha , Chen Tiffany X. , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Vonsattel Jean P. , Faust Phyllis L. , Kuo Sheng‐Han 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivePyramidal signs are common but often under‐recognized in multiple system atrophy (MSA). The clinicopathological correlates of pyramidal signs in MSA are not well characterized. The present study aims to understand the role of pyramidal signs in MSA.MethodsWe examined 40 autopsy‐confirmed MSA cases in New York Brain Bank. The pyramidal signs were quantified by an established rating scale, summarized as the pyramidal score. We assessed whether pyramidal scores are associated with autonomic, parkinsonism, and cerebellar features and survival. We also examined whether the density of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in the motor cortex and its underlying white matter is associated with the pyramidal score.ResultsMSA parkinsonian type cases have higher pyramidal scores compared to cerebellar type cases (p = 0.017). MSA cases with high pyramidal scores are more likely to have laryngeal stridor (OR = 4.89, p = 0.022), but less likely to have orthostatic hypotension (OR = 0.11, p = 0.006) and erectile dysfunction (OR = 0.05, p = 0.018). MSA cases with high pyramidal scores do not differ from those with low pyramidal scores in terms of bowel dysfunction, dry eyes and mouth, and survival. Finally, MSA cases with more GCIs in the motor cortex have higher pyramidal scores compared to those with few GCIs (p = 0.017).InterpretationPyramidal signs in MSA are associated with the parkinsonian subtype, laryngeal stridor, and certain autonomic dysfunction.
Comment on “Interplay of Structural and Optoelectronic Properties in Formamidinium Mixed Tin‐Lead Triiodide Perovskites”
Authors: Baranovskii Sergei D. , Höhbusch Pauline , Nenashev Alexey V. , Dvurechenskii Anatolii V. , Gerhard Marina , Hertel Dirk , Meerholz Klaus , Koch Martin , Gebhard Florian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudying optoelectronic properties in FAPb1−xSnxI3 and in FA0.83Cs0.17Pb1−xSnxI3 perovskites as a function of the lead:tin content, Parrott et al. (2018) and Savill et al. (2020) observed the broadest luminescence linewidth and the largest Stokes shift in mixed compositions with Sn <25% and with >85%. It is in contrast to the intuitive expectation of the largest effects of alloy disorder for the 50:50 composition. This comment addresses the alloy disorder caused by statistical local spatial fluctuations of the alloy composition and shows that the largest effects of alloy disorder for perfectly random fluctuations in FAPb1−xSnxI3 and FA0.83Cs0.17Pb1−xSnxI3 are, in fact, expected for x < 0.25 and for x > 0.85. It can be one of the reasons why Pb‐rich and Sn‐rich Sn‐Pb perovskites typically show shorter photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes, broader emission, increased Stokes shifts, reduced PL quantum yield, and higher Urbach tails, compared with their lead‐only counterparts.
Charge Balance in Red QLEDs for High Efficiency and Stability via Ionic Liquid Doping
Authors: Li Yunfei , Fan Xi , Shen Cai , Shi Xixiu , Li Pengcheng , Hui Kwun Nam , Fan Junpeng , Kang Kai , Zhang Ting , Qian Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColloidal quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) simultaneously exhibiting high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and operation stability are achieved via a simple solution processing. A silver bis(trifluoromethane‐sulfonyl)imide treatment that is used to chemically dope the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole injection layer (HIL) is proposed. The ionic liquid salt acts as an effective p‐dopant for high charge concentrations; and it raises the work functions and surface potentials of the PEDOT:PSS HIL for an interface energy band alignment. Benefiting from a raised hole mobility and a better charge mobility balance, the processing‐simple colloidal red QLEDs yielded the highest EQE of up to 17.4%. In particular, a very broad plateau of EQE values over 16.5% in the brightness of 400–10 000 cd m−2 is obtained. Moreover, the packaged QLEDs exhibit an excellent operation stability in ambient air. The T95 (time for the device brightness to decrease to 95% of its initial brightness) at an initial brightness of 1000 cd m−2 is 4160 h. The work highlights a promising ionic liquid strategy to guide the development of high‐performance and cost‐effective QLEDs.
Carbon Dioxide Valorization via Formate Electrosynthesis in a Wide Potential Window
Authors: Sui Peng‐Fei , Gao Min‐Rui , Liu Subiao , Xu Chenyu , Zhu Meng‐Nan , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising strategy to convert CO2 to carbon‐based fuels and to simultaneously reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In this work, the bismuth subcarbonate nanoflowers (BOC NFs) are facilely prepared through a one‐pot synthesis method for efficient formate electrosynthesis through CO2RR. Benefiting from the crystal structure and sheet‐stacked morphology, the in situ measurements and theoretical calculation results reveal the self‐reinforced CO2 adsorption properties and rapid CO2 adsorption–desorption kinetics on the catalyst surface, which significantly facilitate the CO2RR process. As a result, the desirable Faradaic efficiencies of over 90%, with a maximum value of 98.9%, toward formate formation, are achieved in a wide potential window from −0.8 to −1.4 V in an H‐type cell. Moreover, in a flow cell, the superior intrinsic activity of BOC NFs guarantees the high throughput electrocatalytic performance of CO2RR and the FEformate of over 90% with high current density is achieved in a potential range as wide as 1200 mV, demonstrating the great potential of BOC NFs for practical CO2RR applications. These results underscore the effectiveness of designing electrocatalysts with self‐reinforced CO2 adsorption properties to improve electrocatalytic performance for efficient CO2RR.
Patterned Calcite Microneedle Arrays formed on Mollusk Shells via Oriented Dissolution and Their Application for Transdermal and Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Li Jiangfeng , Song Ningjing , Li Baosheng , Pan Ercai , Ma Yurong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTransdermal delivery through the skin barriers is an important medical procedure to transfer drugs into the human body. However, there is an urgent requirement to design microneedle‐based transdermal delivery systems with superior delivery efficiency, low toxicity, excellent mechanical property, and simple synthetic process. Herein, perpendicular calcite microneedle arrays with a length of about 8 µm are synthesized on the prism layer of mollusk shells via oriented dissolution while dextran sulfate sodium is applied as an additive. Ordered patterns of long calcite microneedles with a length about 45 µm are synthesized in a large scale for the first time on mollusk prism layers via oriented dissolution while circular masks are covered on the prism layers during the dissolution process. The long calcite microneedle arrays with the ordered pattern are found to be efficient for transdermal delivery of dexamethasone and for therapy of ear psoriasis in mice. The calcite microneedle arrays are also applied to transport Cy3 fluorescent biomolecules through cell membranes in this work. These calcite microneedle arrays can be applied as efficient transportation substrates for both transdermal and intracellular delivery, which exhibit advantages such as high drug loading capacity, superior biocompatibility, nontoxicity, high mechanical properties, and easy synthesis strategy.
Donor N‐Substitution as Design Principle for Fast and Blue Luminescence in Carbene‐Metal‐Amides
Authors: Reponen Antti‐Pekka M. , Chotard Florian , Lempelto Aku , Shekhovtsev Vitalii , Credgington Dan , Bochmann Manfred , Linnolahti Mikko , Greenham Neil C. , Romanov Alexander S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA series of gold‐centered carbene‐metal‐amide (CMA) complexes are synthesized with the carbazole donor ligand modified by substitution with nitrogen atoms in varying positions. The luminescence of new aza‐CMA complexes shows a significant blueshift depending on the position of the N atom, to provide bright blue‐green (500 nm), sky‐blue (478 nm), blue (450 nm) and deep‐blue (419 nm) light‐emitters. The impact of the electron‐withdrawing aza‐group on the nature of the luminescence and the excited state energies of the locally excited (LE) or charge transfer (CT) states have been interpreted with the help of transient absorption, in‐depth photoluminescence experiments and theoretical calculations. By considering the orbital characters of the lowest CT and LE states, we develop a new concept for simultaneous energy tuning for both of these states with a single aza‐substitution, allowing for fast and blue CT emission. This concept allows the interference of 3LE phosphorescence to be avoided at room temperature. The approach is extended to two N substitutions at the optimal location in the 3‐ and 6‐positions of the carbazole skeleton. These results suggest a practical molecular design towards the development of bright and deep‐blue emitting CMA materials to tackle the stability problem of energy‐efficient deep‐blue OLEDs.
Direct Thioamination of Cyclohexanones via Difunctionalization with Thiophenol and Aniline
Authors: Tang Minli , Zhang Li , Mao Guojiang , Xiao Fuhong , Shao Wen , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA synthetic method of o‐sulfanylanilines from cyclohexanones, amines, and thiophenols under transition‐metal‐free conditions is disclosed. This is the first report on the direct thioamination of cyclohexanones via N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) promoted oxidative dehydroaromatization. Non‐aromatic cyclohexanones were smoothly dehydrogenated, and acted as an aryl source using oxygen as a green oxidant. The capacity of the resultant o‐sulfanylanilines for synthesis of N‐arylphenothiazines has been further demonstrated.magnified image
Metallfreie N−H‐Bindungsaktivierung mit Phospha‐Wittig Reagenzien**
Authors: Dankert Fabian , Siewert Jan‐Erik , Gupta Priyanka , Weigend Florian , Hering‐Junghans Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractN‐haltige Moleküle werden meist ausgehend von Ammoniak (NH3) dargestellt. Die Ammoniakaktivierung wurde sowohl für individuelle Übergangsmetallzentren als auch für niedervalente Hauptgruppenspezies gezeigt. Phosphinidene, einfach koordinierte Phosphorspezies, können durch Phosphine, in sogenannten Phosphanylidenphosphoranen vom Typ RP(PR′3), stabilisiert werden. Wir demonstrieren hier die einfache, metallfreie NH3‐Aktivierung mit ArP(PMe3), wodurch zum ersten Mal isolierbare sekundäre Aminophosphine des Typs ArP(H)NH2 entstehen. DFT‐Studien zeigen, dass zwei NH3‐Moleküle zusammenwirken, um einen Austausch von PMe3 gegen NH3 zu ermöglichen. Außerdem wurde die Aktivierung von H2NR und HNR2 nachgewiesen.
Poly‐cardanol as plasticizer and compatibilizer on styrene butadiene rubber with improved processability and silica dispersion
Authors: Qian Wei , Gao Yu , Wang Peng , Lu Xiaoyu , Zheng Yanyan , Chen Qinhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural products used as plasticizer can inhibit its migration in rubber and improve the dispersion of inorganic power. Herein, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was plasticized by poly‐cardanol (PCA) originated from the Friedel–Crafts alkylation without solvent of cardanol which was extracted from abandoned cashew nut shell. Results show that the Mooney viscosity of SBR/PCA compounds decreases from 45.8 to 34.7 and Tg from −52°C to −56.3°C when PCA is added from 0 to 30 phr. Moreover, the elongation at break of SBR contained 30 phr PCA increases by 515% compared with SBR. PCA also shows amphiphilic, which is verified by the improved dispersion of SiO2 in SBR/PCA compounds. The swelling ratio of SBR/PCA/SiO2 vulcanized rubber decreases and the crosslinking density increases. Meanwhile, the elongation at break of SBR70‐40 vulcanized rubber is 17.3%, which is higher than that of SBR100‐40 vulcanized rubber. PCA, acted as plasticizer and compatibilizer, provides a simple and green way for the application of natural products in the rubber industry.
Regulating the dissolving system of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene to enhance the high‐strength and high‐modulus properties of resultant fibers
Authors: Wang Yi , Fu Jiabin , Song Qingquan , Yu Junrong , Wang Yan , Hu Zuming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe molecular weight loss of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers is extremely serious in comparison with raw materials due to the high temperature and strong shearing during dissolving process. In this study, decalin was introduced as preswelling solvent and the dissolving system was regulated to improve the solubility of UHMWPE in paraffin oil without severe degradation so as to prepare UHMWPE fibers with high molecular weight retention and low entanglement. UHMWPE was preswelling in decalin with different content, the mass ratio of decalin to UHMWPE were 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, and 3:1. All UHMWPE fibers were prepared by gel‐spinning and hot‐drawing. UHMWPE fibers possess the highest molecular weight after preswelling of UHMWPE in decalin (with a mass ratio of 3:1 to UHMWPE, namely UPE/dec‐s‐3 sample). What's more, the entanglement of UHMWPE fibers gained from UPE/dec‐s‐3 sample has been observably diluted in comparation to that from UPE‐neat and other swollen samples. More importantly, the tensile strength and modulus of UHMWPE fibers obtained from UPE/dec‐s‐3 sample can reach 31.41 and 1446.26 cN/dtex, increased by 15.1% and 14.3% compared with UPE‐neat fibers, respectively. Besides, the thermal and crystallization behavior of UHMWPE fibers prepared from swollen UHMWPE have also been boosted.
Impact energy absorption of block copolymer/tackifier blends: Effect of compatibility, viscoelasticity, and laminate structures
Authors: Kishi Hajime , Nomura Yutaka , Hamano Ryota , Yamada Ryota , Matsuda Satoshi , Kakibe Takeshi , Oka Yoshihiro , Urahama Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work studied the effects of tackifiers on the impact energy absorption properties of block copolymers (BCPs) comprising poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(isoprene)‐b‐poly(styrene) (SIS) and poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM). A rosin ester resin (RE) and an aliphatic petroleum resin (C5PR) were compared as the tackifiers. Analyses of Hansen solubility parameters and observations using electron microscopy indicated that both tackifiers were highly compatible with the poly(isoprene) component of the SIS, while the RE also showed good compatibility with the poly(n‐butyl acrylate) phase of the MAM. The impact energy absorption characteristics of laminates made by applying layers of BCP/tackifier blends to cured epoxy substrates were evaluated using a pendulum impactor. The extent of energy absorption by these laminates was found to increase within specific tackifier concentration ranges. However, the C5PR showed poor compatibility with the MAM and had almost no effect on the energy absorption of the laminates. The energy absorption of the laminates could be described based on the calculated loss factor,η, determined using the RUK equation including the viscoelastic parameters (both tanδand storage modulus) for the BCP/tackifier blends, considering the time–temperature superposition principle, and for the laminate structures.
The Markov discrete time δ‐shock reliability model and a waiting time problem
Authors: Chadjiconstantinidis Stathis , Eryilmaz Serkan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract‐shock model is one of the widely studied shock models in reliability theory and applied probability. In this model, the system fails due to the arrivals of two consecutive shocks which are too close to each other. That is, the system breaks down when the time between two successive shocks falls below a fixed threshold δ. In the literature, the δ‐shock model has been mostly studied by assuming that the time between shocks have continuous distribution. In the present paper, the discrete time version of the model is considered. In particular, a proper waiting time random variable is defined based on a sequence of two‐state Markov dependent binary trials and the problem of finding the distribution of the system's lifetime is linked with the distribution of the waiting time random variable, and we study the joint as well as the marginal distributions of the lifetime, the number of shocks and the number of failures associated with these binary trials.
Aging Effect of Catechol Redox Polymer Nanoparticles for Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Gallastegui Antonela , Camara Ousmane , Minudri Daniela , Goujon Nicolas , Patil Nagaraj , Ruipérez Fernando , Marcilla Rebeca , Mecerreyes David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRedox‐polymer nanoparticles are a promising solution to avoid the detrimental dissolution of organic electrode materials while showing discrete redox processes. In this work, catechol‐based redox‐active polymer nanoparticles (cRPNs) were synthesized through one‐step emulsion polymerization with a tunable size from 25 to 150 nm. The fresh cRPNs were characterized and showed a reversible redox process centered at 0.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 1 M H2SO4. Unexpectedly, the cRPN latex aged after days passing from white to pink. This aging resulted in a shift of its redox potential toward higher values, which could be associated to autoxidation of the catechol groups and subsequent crosslinking of NPs due to catechol dimer formation. Finally, we compared the performance of fresh and aged cRPNs in a hybrid supercapacitor device, proving how the aging effect had some benefits such as an increase in the voltage output, specific capacitance, cyclability and Coulombic efficiencies of the device.
Preference for human or algorithmic forecasting advice does not predict if and how it is used
Authors: Himmelstein Mark , Budescu David V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPast research has found that people treat advice differently depending on its source. In many cases, people seem to prefer human advice to algorithms, but in others, there is a reversal, and people seem to prefer algorithmic advice. Across two studies, we examine the persuasiveness of, and judges' preferences for, advice from different sources when forecasting geopolitical events. We find that judges report domain‐specific preferences, preferring human advice in the domain of politics and algorithmic advice in the domain of economics. In Study 2, participants report a preference for hybrid advice, that combines human and algorithmic sources, to either one on it's own regardless of domain. More importantly, we find that these preferences did not affect persuasiveness of advice from these different sources, regardless of domain. Judges were primarily sensitive to quantitative features pertaining to the similarity between their initial beliefs and the advice they were offered, such as the distance between them and the relative advisor confidence, when deciding whether to revise their initial beliefs in light of advice, rather than the source that generated the advice.
Hepatotoxicity in young adult rat offspring after prenatal exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, and protective effect of atorvastatin
Authors: Karimpour Malekshah Abbasali , Rahmani Zahra , Zargari Mehryar , Mirzaei Mansoureh , Rezaei Talarposhti Masoumeh , Talebpour Amiri Fereshteh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesBenzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an environmental contaminant that interrupts the antioxidant defense and thus leads to oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver. Atorvastatin (ATV) for reducing cholesterol has antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic activities. This study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure of BaP on liver toxicity and the protective role of ATV in reducing liver toxicity.Materials and MethodsIn this study, rats were distributed randomly to seven groups: I. Saline control; II. ATV (10 mg/kg); III. Corn oil; IV and V. BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg); VI and VII. ATV + BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg). BaP and ATV were administrated from gestation day 7–16 (GD7–GD16), orally. Ten weeks after the birth, female offspring were examined for oxidative stress markers, liver enzymes, and histology.ResultsData revealed that BaP significantly induced oxidative stress (decreased glutathione and increased malondialdehyde level), and disrupted the tissue structure of the liver. Moreover, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased in the offspring. ATV treatment along with BaP during gestation was able to bring the antioxidant status and serum liver enzymes levels relatively close to normal. As well as, histological findings showed that ATV was able to improve liver tissue structure caused by BaP.ConclusionBased on the above studies we concluded that ATV at a low dose during gestation was able to reduce liver damage caused by BaP with antioxidant properties.
Lesion‐specific mortality due to congenital heart disease in U.S. adults from 1999 to 2017
Authors: Lynn Melodie M. , Salemi Jason L. , Meath Callie J. , Dolgner Stephen J. , Morris Shaine A. , Sexson Tejtel S. Kristen , Lopez Keila N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) comprise an increasing proportion of individuals living with CHD in the United States (US) although little is known regarding lesion or age‐specific mortality in the modern era. Our study aimed to describe current era ACHD mortality rates by age and CHD lesion and provide temporal mortality rate trends for the last two decades.MethodsWe conducted a 19‐year analysis (1999–2017) of publicly available, de‐identified Multiple Cause of Death data compiled and produced by the National Center for Health Statistics. Age and lesion‐specific mortality rates were calculated using joinpoint regression.ResultsACHD mortality rates decreased by an average of 2%–4% per year for all adults. CHD lesions resulting in the highest ACHD‐related mortality varied by age. Unlike the other lesions, mortality attributed to single ventricle physiology failed to improve in early adulthood (average of 1.6% increase per year). In decedents age 65 years or older, simpler forms of CHD like shunt lesions became more prominent contributors, accounting for 46% of deaths.ConclusionRates of mortality due to ACHD have declined significantly for adults with CHD, however, continued mortality due to single ventricle physiology remains an area requiring improved strategies to increase survival.
Prognosis of rapid onset functional tic‐like behaviors: Prospective follow‐up over 6 months
Authors: Howlett Megan , Martino Davide , Nilles Christelle , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe prognosis of rapid onset functional tic‐like behaviors (FTLBs) is unknown. This prospective cohort study describes the course and treatment of rapid onset FTLBs in adolescents (n = 20) and adults (n = 9) previously reported in two case series.MethodsYale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores were compared between first clinical presentation and 6‐month follow‐up assessment. All treatments used for FTLBs and any psychiatric comorbidities were recorded.ResultsIn adolescents with FTLBs, motor tics, vocal tics, total tics, impairment, and global scores on the YGTSS significantly improved at 6 months, with a mean decrease in the YGTSS global score of 31.9 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.4, 48.4, p = .0005. In adults with FTLBs, only impairment and global scores significantly improved, with a mean decrease in the YGTSS global score of 19.6 points, 95% CI −3.2, 42.3, p = .04. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety and depression were the most used treatment in both age groups.ConclusionsThis prospective study suggests that adolescents have a better prognosis than adults with FTLBs. Management of comorbidities with SSRIs and CBT seems effective.