bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Real‐Time Spectra from High‐Speed Imaging: An Ultrafast Machine Vision Framework for Online Optical Control in Microfluidics
Authors: Zhang Xucheng , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutomated laboratory pipelines empowered by the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) have been reshaping the paradigm of chemical and material discovery. While intelligent decision‐making strategies have been developed that enable fast convergence to optimal reaction conditions, the overall efficiency is still bottlenecked by the slow acquisition of online characterization units, especially in microfluidics‐based systems. In response, an ultrafast machine vision framework is hereby developed to directly predict optical spectra from real‐time high‐speed imaging in this article. Utilizing uniquely engineered deep‐learning algorithms, this framework automatically detects droplets and recapitulates high‐quality spectra from embedded image features in a sub‐millisecond timeframe. In a proof‐of‐concept example, droplets are detected with an average precision of 99.75% within 0.51 ms, and their spectra spanning the entire visible wavelengths are predicted with an average peak error of 5.32 nm, which is equivalent to 1.6% of the visible range. The work demonstrates the first example of an all‐imaging‐based machine learning framework deployed in a real‐time environment for the full replacement of an analytical instrument. It highlights the broader possibility of AI in material researches to break the physical limitations of online diagnostics and to further boost efficiencies in self‐driving laboratories.
Low Cost and Facile Fabrication of a Micro‐Mold with High Aspect Ratio for Transparent Electrodes with Metal Mesh Using Micro‐Scale 3D Printing
Authors: Sun Luanfa , Wang Rui , Zhu Xiaoyang , Li Hongke , Zhang Jinbao , Wang Fei , Zhang Guangming , Yang Jianjun , Peng Zilong , Zhang Yuan‐Fang , Lan Hongbo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransparent electrodes (TEs) with metal mesh are regarded as a substitute for traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The manufacture of metal mesh based on micro‐molds will be a low‐cost and high‐efficiency method, but the cost‐effective fabrication of micro‐molds with a high aspect ratio (AR) currently faces challenges. Here, a polymer micro‐mold with high AR based on an electric‐field‐driven (EFD) micro‐scale 3D printing and molding process is proposed for the mass production of TEs with metal meshes. The final fabricated flexible transparent electrode (FTE) based on polymer micro‐mold with high AR exhibits superior optoelectronic properties with a figure of merit (FOM) of 1800, as well as excellent mechanical stability with a slight increase in the sheet resistance (Rs) during cyclic bending, scratching, torsion, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, the fabricated rigid TE based on polymer micro‐mold shows remarkable performance and stability with a FOM of 2500, a negligible increase in the Rs under harsh working conditions, and a robust heating cycle. Whether used for the manufacture of FTEs or rigid TEs, the polymer micro‐mold shows good service life. This strategy provides support for the efficient and environmentally friendly mass production of high‐performance TEs.
Double‐Side Interface Engineering Synergistically Boosts the Efficiency of Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells Over 12%
Authors: Chen Zhenyu , Yang Ming , Li Ru , Zang Zhigang , Wang Huaxin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAll‐inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have aroused the worldwide interest because of their excellent thermal stability. However, the bottom and upper surfaces of CsPbIBr2 films are vulnerable to surface defects, corroding the carrier dynamic in PSCs. Meanwhile, the band alignment mismatch also affects the interfacial carrier transport. Therefore, this work systematically investigates the passivation effect and band alignment of rubidium acetate (RbAc) interface layer at electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL), respectively. When RbAc is introduced to ETL/perovskite interface, the improved morphology quality of CsPbIBr2 films and the elevated conductive band minimum of SnO2 leads to effective electron extraction and band alignment. Furthermore, once RbAc is introduced to perovskite/HTL interface, it passivates grain boundary defects and reduces the roughness of CsPbIBr2 films, contributing to reduced nonradiative recombination. In addition, the raised valence band maximum of CsPbIBr2 also accelerates the hole transfer. It is found that each single‐side interface modification contributes to improved photovoltaic performance and air stability. Consequently, a synergy effect of double‐side interface modification is investigated for improving the device efficiency. Accordingly, the modified PSCs achieve a champion efficiency of 12.11%, which is increased by 30.78% compared to that of the pristine devices.
Photocatalytic Chemodivergent Synthesis of α‐gem‐Dihalovinyl Ketones and Chromen‐2‐Ones from Monoalkynes
Authors: Xu Zi‐Yang , Liu Yin‐Ping , Liu Xin , Fu Rong , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA general photocatalytic substrate‐controlled chemodivergent strategy starting from monoalkynes with polyhalomethanes such as BrCCl3 and CBr4 was develop, enabling Kharasch‐type addition/nucleophilic substitution cascade to selectively produce α‐gem‐dihalovinyl ketones and chromen‐2‐ones with moderate to good yields. Use of monoalkynes without additional nucleophilic sites furnished α‐gem‐dihalovinyl ketones through a Kharasch‐type addition and intermolecular allylic substitution cascade whereas the latter transformation of 2‐ethynylphenols allowed the full breaking of carbon‐halogen bonds of BrCX3 to access functionalized chromen‐2‐ones. The late‐stage application of these resulting α‐gem‐dihalovinyl ketones demonstrates the versatility of their derivatization.magnified image
Tetrahydroxydiboron‐Mediated Palladium‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Transfer Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones
Authors: Spaller William C. , Lu Jennifer Q. , Stokes Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe describe a palladium‐catalyzed deoxygenative transfer hydrogenation of ketones using B2(OH)4 as the sole additive. Deuterium labeling experiments using B2(OD)4 show that the incorporated protons originate exclusively from the diboron reagent. Spectroscopic evidence implicates the intermediacy of a borate ester. A variety of aromatic ketones can be deoxygenated using this approach.magnified image
Synthesis of 1‐Aryl Isoquinolinones or o‐Diaryl Pyrimidines via Bismuth Triflate‐Mediated Intermolecular Annulation of Arylacetic Acids with Nitroarylaldehydes or Trimethoxybenzene in the Presence of Acetonitrile
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lin Chun‐Yi , Chen Shin‐Mei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, bismuth triflate (Bi(OTf)3)‐controlled intermolecular multi‐component condensation of oxygenated arylacetic acids with electron‐withdrawing nitroarylaldehydes or electron‐donating trimethoxybenzene provide 1‐aryl isoquinolinones or o‐diaryl pyrimidines in acetonitrile at 60 °C. The uses of various metal triflates and reaction conditions are investigated in the one‐pot reaction. Only water is generated as the byproduct via (4C+1C+1N) and (2C+1N1C+1N1C) annulation routes. Plausible mechanisms have been proposed.magnified image
A Solution‐Processable High‐Modulus Crystalline Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Practical Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Zhiao , Seo Samuel , Song Jongchan , Zhang Zewen , Oyakhire Solomon T. , Wang Yang , Xu Rong , Gong Huaxin , Zhang Song , Zheng Yu , Tsao Yuchi , Mondonico Luca , Lomeli Eder G. , Wang Xinchang , Kim Wonkeun , Ryu Kyounghan , Bao Zhenan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been identified as a key challenge for Li metal anodes. The brittle and inhomogeneous native SEI generated by parasitic reactions between Li and liquid electrolytes can devastate battery performance; therefore, artificial SEIs (ASEIs) have been proposed as an effective strategy to replace native SEIs. Herein, as a collaboration between academia and industrial R&D teams, a multifunctional (crystalline, high modulus, and robust, Li+ ion conductive, electrolyte‐blocking, and solution processable) ASEI material, LiAl‐FBD (where “FBD” refers to 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1,4‐butanediol), for improving Li metal battery performance is designed and synthesized. The LiAl‐FBD crystal structure consists of Al3+ ions bridged by FBD2– ligands to form anion clusters while Li+ ions are loosely bound at the periphery, enabling an Li+ ion conductivity of 9.4 × 10–6 S cm–1. The fluorinated, short ligands endow LiAl‐FBD with electrolyte phobicity and high modulus. The ASEI is found to prevent side reactions and extend the cycle life of Li metal electrodes. Specifically, pairing LiAl‐FBD coated 50 µm thick Li with industrial 3.5 mAh cm–2 NMC811 cathode and 2.8 µL mAh–1 lean electrolyte, the Li metal full cells show superior cycle life compared to bare ones, achieving 250 cycles at 1 mA cm–2.
Rechargeable Silicon Redox Batteries
Authors: Epshtein Alon , Baskin Igor , Suss Matthew , Ein‐Eli Yair 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite its high abundance and ease of production, the possibility of using silicon as an active multivalent rechargeable anode has never been explored, until now. As a proof of concept, a novel rechargeable silicon cell, its design and architecture are reported, enabling Si to be reversibly discharged at 1.1 V and charged at 1.5 V. It is proven that during the discharge process silicon is dissolved and upon charging, elemental silicon is deposited. Several discharge–charge cycles are achieved, utilizing heavy doped n‐type Si wafer anodes and hybrid‐based ionic liquid electrolytes, along with dissolved halides, functioning as conversion cathodes. Cell characterizations correlate the discharge and charge processes with the presence of dissolved fluoride and Si species in the electrolyte. The presence of appreciable fluoride species is crucial in both establishing surface activation and battery operation, and their depletion is directly linked to cell performance degradation. Quantum‐chemical calculations based on density functional theory in the framework of a continuum model for solvation in ionic liquids are performed to shed light on Si ion deposition mechanism.
Switchable Electrostatically Templated Polymerization
Authors: Li Chendan , Magana Jose R. , Sobotta Fabian , Wang Junyou , Stuart Martien A. Cohen , van Ravensteijn Bas G. P. , Voets Ilja K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report a switchable, templated polymerization system where the strength of the templating effect can be modulated by solution pH and/or ionic strength. The responsiveness to these cues is incorporated through a dendritic polyamidoamine‐based template of which the charge density depends on pH. The dendrimers act as a template for the polymerization of an oppositely charged monomer, namely sodium styrene sulfonate. We show that the rate of polymerization and maximum achievable monomer conversion are directly related to the charge density of the template, and hence the environmental pH. The polymerization could effectively be switched “ON” and “OFF” on demand, by cycling between acidic and alkaline reaction environments. These findings break ground for a novel concept, namely harnessing co‐assembly of a template and growing polymer chains with tunable association strength to create and control coupled polymerization and self‐assembly pathways of (charged) macromolecular building blocks.
Connection of nonlinear model predictive controllers for smooth task switching in autonomous driving
Authors: Honda Kohei , Okuda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Tatsuya , Ito Akira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotion planning, decision making, and control are vital functions in autonomous driving for accomplishing the desired driving task while considering passenger comfort, road infrastructure, and surrounding traffic participants. Model predictive control (MPC) is a promising method for simultaneously realizing these functions. However, formulating a single MPC that can run through all driving scenarios is difficult, and previous research has often been conducted to design an MPC for a specific driving task. To extend the availability of MPC for all driving tasks, smooth switching between different MPCs designed for each driving task must be addressed. One of the difficulties in switching between MPCs is guiding the state to a feasible set of optimization problems after switching. In this paper, we present a new framework to realize the smooth connection of MPCs, that is, to reduce the optimization infeasibility at the time of MPC switching. In our proposed method, two general nonlinear MPCs with different state spaces, cost functions, constraints, and formulations can be systematically switched via automatically generated intermediate‐MPCs without requiring any particular alterations. This can help reduce the system complexity of the hybrid MPC system.
Biomass and eicosapentaenoic acid production from Amphora sp. under different environmental and nutritional conditions
Authors: Cheah Yi Tong , Ng Bee Wah , Tan Tze Ling , Chia Zi Sheng , Chan Derek Juinn Chieh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could be extracted from diatoms such as Amphora sp. present abundantly in the ecosystems. In view of the key environmental and nutritional factors governing the diatoms growth rate, culture conditions were optimized for the biomass yield, total lipid content, EPA yield, and fatty acid composition under two main cultivation regimes: photoautotrophic and heterotrophic. The fastest growth rate about 0.20 ± 0.02 g/L and the highest EPA yield about 9.19 ± 3.56 mg EPA/g biomass were obtained by adding 10 g/L glucose and sucrose, respectively. Under photoautotrophic culture conditions, Amphora sp. rendered higher EPA yield at 100 rpm and 16:8 light/dark cycle. Total fatty acids produced predominantly comprised of an approximate 40–70% of saturated fatty acids, followed by 10–27% of monounsaturated fatty acids and then 8–25% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These findings were able to pave a way for huge‐scale microalgal biomass production in commercial EPA production.
Parametrisierte Brückenmodellierung mit PythonParts in Allplan
Authors: Jeske André , Scheil Maximilian , Castrischer Ulrich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractÜberführungsbauwerke im Zuge eines Autobahnabschnitts stellen häufig ähnliche Anforderungen an die Bauwerksplanung. Dies gilt insbesondere bei Bauwerken zur Überführung kleinerer Verkehrswege, bei flachem Geländeverlauf und bei Brückenfamilien, die einem gemeinsamen Gestaltungskonzept unterworfen sind. Sie gleichen sich z. B. in Stützweiten, bei der baulichen Ausbildung und in der Gestaltung, unterscheiden sich aber in Querschnitten, Kreuzungswinkeln, Gradiente und Einbindung in die Umgebung. Es ergeben sich ähnliche, aber nicht gleiche Bauwerke und damit ideale Voraussetzungen für eine Sortenfertigung. Parametrisierte Modellerstellung ist eine Voraussetzung für effiziente Bearbeitung von BIM‐Planungen im Ingenieurbau. Nur mit der Hilfe von Vereinfachungen in der Durcharbeit der Planung und ihrer Ableitung in prüfbare Darstellungen kann eine effektive und auch im Komplexen korrekte und damit konkurrenzfähige Planung erreicht werden. Am Beispiel der Überführungsbauwerke der sich in Planung befindenden Verlängerung der Autobahn A 20 wird versucht, mithilfe einer parametrisierten Modellerstellung eine Sortenfertigung der Bauwerksplanung zu erreichen. Ziel ist die weitere Fokussierung des Planers auf seine Facharbeit in der Erzeugung kreativer technischer Lösungen durch Entlastung bei wiederkehrenden Planungsaufgaben.
Biofuel production from olive pomace via thermal and catalytic pyrolysis using an RFCC catalyst
Authors: Balaghi Inaloo Ebrahim , Saidi Majid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermal and catalytic pyrolysis of olive pomace as a second generation of biomass for the production of valuable bio‐oil has been investigated. The achieved results indicate that the maximum bio‐oil production yield through the non‐catalytic pyrolysis process is 56% at a temperature of 500°C, with a high content of oxygenated compounds. Since the main focus of this study was the catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis‐derived bio‐oil to valuable fuels, an industrial residue fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) catalyst has been examined using different catalyst to biomass ratios. For a catalyst to biomass ratio of 0.5, the highest bio‐oil production yield was 44 wt% at 500°C and for a catalyst to biomass ratio of 5, the highest bio‐oil yield was 39 wt% at 400°C. The obtained experimental results indicate that, although the bio‐oil production yield decreases through catalytic pyrolysis, application of RFCC catalysts reduces the oxygenated compounds as undesirable products and increases aromatic and cyclic compound content in the bio‐oil, significantly. By increasing the temperature, the production of aromatic compounds as valuable products intensifies, and this compound group is identified as the main content of the derived bio‐oil. It is inferred that RFCC catalysts are appropriate candidates for use in the pyrolysis process for developing biofuel production on an industrial scale. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐particle fluorescence tracking combined with TrackMate assay reveals highly heterogeneous and discontinuous lysosomal transport in freely orientated axons
Authors: Liu Yongyang , Lu Yaxin , Tang Zhiyong , Cao Yuheng , Huang Dehua , Wu Feng , Zhang Yejun , Li Chunyan , Chen Guangcun , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAxonal transport plays a significant role in the establishment of neuronal polarity, axon growth, and synapse formation during neuronal development. The axon of a naturally growing neuron is a highly complex and multifurcated structure with a large number of bends and branches. Nowadays, the study of dynamic axonal transport in morphologically complex neurons is greatly limited by the technological barrier. Here, a sparse gene transfection strategy was developed to locate fluorescent mCherry in the lysosome of primary neurons, thus enabling us to track the lysosome‐based axonal transport with a single‐particle resolution. Thereby, several axonal transport models were observed, including the forward or backward transport model, stop‐and‐go model, repeated back‐and‐forth transport model, and cross‐branch transport model. Then, the accurate single‐particle velocity quantification by TrackMate revealed a highly heterogeneous and discontinuous transportation process of lysosome‐based axonal transport in freely orientated axons. And, multiple physical factors, such as the axonal structure and the size of particles, were disclosed to affect the velocity of particle transporting in freely orientated axons. The combined single‐particle fluorescence tracking and TrackMate assay can be served as a facile tool for evaluating axonal transport in neuronal development and axonal transport‐related diseases.
Clitoral Anatomy in the Feminist Literature: Vagina obscura: An anatomical voyage (2020) and Clitoral Conventions and Transgressions: Graphical representations in anatomy texts, c1900‐1991 (1995)
Authors: Vilensky Joel A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractO'Connell et al. proposed that the vestibular bulbs be renamed the “clitoral bulbs” because of their consistent relationship to the clitoris and inconsistent relationship to the vestibule. Normally such proposed esoteric changes in anatomical nomenclature would get little notice by anatomists, yet alone the general public; however, many subsequent articles and books placed this change in the context of centuries of male anatomists and physicians downplaying female sexual anatomy and sexuality. Most prominent is a 2022 book by Rachel Gross, Vagina Obscura: An Anatomical Voyage. Here we review this “Anatomical Voyage” and find author bias in omitting/including erroneous facts in this book. We also present a critique of a 1995 article that appeared in Feminist Studies; Graphical Representations in Anatomy Texts, c1900‐1991. This article, which has been repeatedly cited in the clinical literature, asserts that between circa 1950–1980 anatomy textbooks purposely eliminated depicting/labeling the clitoris in illustrations because the authors of the textbooks were reflecting societal norms that de‐emphasized the importance of the clitoris. Unfortunately, the methods used by Moore and Clarke are not replicable; and further, their conclusions were not justified because of clear bias in their description and depiction of the anatomy sources they review.
Characteristics of peritumoral pseudocapsule in small renal cell carcinoma and its influencing factors
Authors: Dong Xiang , Pan Sheng , Zhou Xiaodie , Ma Wenliang , Guo Hongqian , Gan Weidong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the peritumoral pseudocapsule (PC) status and identify the factors influencing PC status in small renal cell carcinoma (RCCs).MethodsA total of 147 patients with small RCC (≤4 cm) who had undergone tumor enucleation (TE) were assigned into three groups according to PC status: complete PC, PC absence, and PC invasion. Computed tomography (CT) imaging and clinicopathological features were compared among the three groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with incomplete PC.ResultsThe number of patients with complete PC, PC absence, and PC invasion was 87 (59%), 20 (14%), and 40 (27%), respectively. Compared with the other two groups, tumors with complete PC were most common in clear cell RCC (CCRCC) and showed a hyperenhancement pattern (92%) and clear boundary (63%) on CT scanning images (p < 0.001). PC absence was most common in female patients (50%), whereas PC invasion was more common in male patients (85%) (p = 0.017). The tumor diameter in the PC absence group (2.24 ± 0.93 cm) was shorter compared with that of the complete PC group (2.88 ± 0.76 cm) and PC invasion group (3.16 ± 0.64 cm) (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that hypoenhancement pattern, unclear boundary, and non‐CCRCC subtype were independent risk factors of incomplete PC.ConclusionsHypoenhancement pattern, unclear boundary, and non‐CCRCC subtype were significant predictors of incomplete PC in small RCCs. It remains to be established whether TE is an appropriate procedure for patients with incomplete PC.
Direct Laser Writing of Poly(furfuryl Alcohol)/Graphene Oxide Electrodes for Electrochemical Determination of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Fernandes Loguercio Lara , Thesing Anderson , da Silveira Noremberg Bruno , Vasconcellos Lopes Bruno , Kurz Maron Guilherme , Machado Giovanna , Pope Michael A. , Lenin Villarreal Carreno Neftali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the considerable importance of preventing and treating diseases, efficient detection methods are required to monitor levels of ascorbic acid (AA) in beverages, foods, dietary supplements, and biological fluids. In this work, an efficient, easy handling, low cost, and simple fabrication process for non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensors was fabricated through the carbonization of a graphene oxide filled biomass‐derived polymer poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA/GO), as sustainable alternative, using a high throughput CO2 laser‐scribing process. The laser power was found to determine the physicochemical properties of the resulting graphene‐like electrodes. As an electrochemical sensor, devices presented a detection limit of 1.0 μmol cm2 L−1 with good reproducibility towards AA oxidation. For real sample measurements, recovery rates between 97 and 113 % were found in commercial vitamin‐C tablet. Analysis of AA in synthetic sweat presented good intra‐electrode reproducibility and limit of detection of 1.3 μmol cm2 L−1.