bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Persepsi dan Pengetahuan Kebersihan Tangan pada Pengunjung Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
Authors: Purbaningrum Sulistina Alifah , Setiyarini Sri , Kusumawati Happy Indah , Sunaryo Eri Yanuar Akhmad Budi 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackground: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients are immunosuppressive and susceptible to infection. Their visit toward ICU may increase pathogen contamination and infection transmission probability. One of the procedures to prevent infection transmission is hand hygiene. On the other hand, perception and knowledge among ICU visitors related to hand hygiene is still under-researched.Objective: Describing the hand hygiene perception and knowledge of ICU visitors at Gadjah Mada University (UGM) Academic Hospital Yogyakarta.Methods: This research was a descriptive study using survey. Participants were 100 visitors at the UGM Academic Hospital who visited ICU on December 2019. Data were collected by using a questionnaire of visitors' perception and knowledge of hand hygiene that refers to World Health Organisation 2009 guidance. Univariate analysis was utilized to analyze the data.Results: Most of ICU visitors had good perception (61%) and good knowledge (53%). The best domain category for visitors’ perception was toward the availability of hand hygiene facilities and for visitors’ knowledge domain was toward hand hygiene media.Conclusion: Most of the ICU visitors at UGM Academic Hospital has a good perception and knowledge related to hand hygiene.Keywords: hand hygiene, knowledge, perception, visitor ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pasien di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) memiliki kondisi yang imunosupresif sehingga rentan terhadap infeksi. Kunjungan ke ICU meningkatkan kontaminasi patogen dan berpotensi menularkan infeksi. Salah satu langkah untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan infeksi adalah hand hygiene. Aspek yang dapat memengaruhi hand hygiene adalah persepsi dan pengetahuan tentang hand hygiene. Di sisi lain, penelitian terkait hand hygiene oleh pengunjung di ICU masih jarang dilakukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran persepsi dan pengetahuan hand hygiene pengunjung ICU RSA UGM Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian survei. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pengunjung ICU RSA UGM Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 100 orang. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan dan persepsi hand hygiene pengunjung yang mengacu pada panduan WHO tahun 2009. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama bulan Desember 2019. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis univariat.Hasil: Mayoritas pengunjung memiliki persepsi yang baik (61%) dan pengetahuan yang baik (53%). Pengunjung memiliki persepsi yang baik pada domain ketersediaan fasilitas hand hygiene. Mayoritas pengunjung memiliki pengetahuan yang baik pada domain media hand hygiene.Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar pengunjung ICU RSA UGM Yogyakarta mempunyai persepsi dan pengetahuan hand hygiene dengan kategori baik.Kata kunci: kebersihan tangan, pengetahuan, pengunjung, persepsi
Kecemasan dan Persepsi Pasien Kanker Ovarium dengan Kemoterapi setelah Terapi Smartphone-Based Virtual Reality (S-VR): Studi Kasus
Authors: Gautama Made Satya Nugraha , Lismidiati Wiwin , Widayati Farida 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackground: Chemotherapy is a systemic modality for cancer patients and has physical and psychological side effects. Psychological problems usually arise most often when undergoing chemotherapy. Not a few patients feel anxiety and negative perceptions when diagnosed with cancer, undergo surgery, or have an IV inserted to get chemotherapy drugs. Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology-based non-complementary therapy that has the potential to be involved as an alternative in the management of symptoms of cancer patients.Objective: To describe the effects of using Smartphone-Based Virtual Reality (S-VR) on the level of anxiety and perceptions of cancer patients during chemotherapy.Methods: A case study of ovarian cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy and were given Smartphone -Based Virtual Reality (S-VR) treatment.Results: The results obtained were a decrease in situational anxiety facing chemotherapy from a score of 40 (moderate anxiety) to a score of 21 (mild anxiety), decreased in pulse rate, and a significant increase in the perception score (28.6%) (less perception) to 94.3% ( good perception) after getting S-VR intervention during chemotherapy.Conclusion: S-VR can be a technology-based and non-invasive non-pharmacological intervention in reducing anxiety and providing positive experiences for patients during chemotherapy.Keywords: anxiety, perception, chemotherapy, virtual reality ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Tidak sedikit pasien merasakan kecemasan dan persepsi negatif saat didiagnosa kanker, menjalankan pembedahan, atau dipasang infus kemoterapi. Virtual Reality (VR) menjadi salah satu terapi non-komplementer berbasis teknologi yang potensial dilibatkan sebagai alternatif dalam manajemen gejala pasien kanker.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efek penggunaan Smartphone-Based Virtual Reality (S-VR) terhadap tingkat kecemasan dan persepsi pasien kanker selama menjalani kemoterapi.Metode: Studi kasus dilakukan pada pasien dengan kanker ovarium yang mendapatkan kemoterapi dan diberikan terapi S-VR. Kecemasan diukur dengan instrument S-AI, pengukuran nadi dan RR. Pengukuran persepsi menggunakan instrument dari Scates.Hasil: Terjadi penurunan kecemasan saat kemoterapi dari skor 40 (kecemasan sedang) ke skor 21 (kecemasan ringan), penurunan frekuensi nadi dan adanya peningkatan secara signifikan skor persepsi (65,7%) (persepsi cukup) menjadi 94,3% (persepsi baik) setelah mendapatkan intervensi S-VR selama kemoterapi.Kesimpulan: S-VR dapat menjadi intervensi non-farmakologis berbasis teknologi dan non-invasif dalam menurunkan kecemasan dan memberikan pengalaman positif pada pasien selama menjalani kemoterapi.Kata Kunci: kanker, kecemasan, kemoterapi, persepsi, virtual reality
Recent Trends in developments of Superdisintegrants: An Overview
Authors: Rani Nisha , Dev Dhruv , Prasad D.N. 
Published: January 2022

Fast dissolving tablets are solid unit dosage forms that dissolve or disintegrate quickly in the mouth without using water. To provide this type of character in a dosage form, different excipients are required. Superdisintegrants are a class of novel agents that have emerged in recent years. Improving drug bioavailability in the pharmaceutical field is a challenge. The inclusion of superdisintegrants in the formulation enhances the formulation's efficacy. The main goal of this review article is to highlight current development in the superdisintegrants. Novel medication delivery techniques have recently advanced, resulting in a convenient dosage form for administration. New superdisintegrant formulations have recently investigated. These formulations are used to ensure patient compliance and safer, more effective drug delivery. This overview of superdisintegrants covers developed strategies, types (including synthetic and natural materials), dosage forms and techniques.
Keywords: Synthetic superdisintegrants, Conventional superdisintegrants, Fast disintegrating tablets, direct compression, dissolution, disintegration, Natural superdisintegrants, Co-processed excipients.
Article Reviewing Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Soni Ankita , Dua J.S. , Prasad D.N. 
Published: January 2022

Topically applied pharmaceuticals in the form of patches that distribute medications for systemic effects at predefined and controlled rates are known as "transdermal drug delivery systems." The main function of TDDS is penetration of drug through skin. It works extremely simple, with the medicine being put within the patch and is placed on the skin. As a result, a consistent concentration of medication remains in the bloodstream for an extended period. They come in variety of forms, including single-layer drugs in adhesives; inter drugs in adhesives, buffers, and matrix systems. The market price of TDDS products is rapidly expanding. More than 35 items have now been authorized for sale in the United States, and roughly 16 active substances have been approved for usage as a TDDS globally. It is a drug delivery system that has a bright future. It helps in reducing use of syringes for administering a wide range of drugs, but the price is an essential aspect to consider because developing countries like India have the world's second-largest population, but TDDS is a secret part of treatment used for the general population due to rising costs. This review article on transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) contains information on the transdermal drug delivery system, Advanced development and the evaluation procedure.
Keywords: TDDS, Drug penetration, Bright future, Rising costs, Evaluation procedure.
Extraction, Isolation and Standardization of Herbal Species Sida
Authors: Karmvir , , Jat Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

The main focus of present is study is to find out the various extracts and active constituents from the Sida species which will be very useful in the treatment of many diseases. There are mainly four species (Sida acuta, Sida cardifilia, Sida rhombifolia and Sida spinosa) focused in this research. The aerial part and roots of these species have been collected and authenticated from botany department. The exhaustive solvent extractions have been used based on polarity. The aqueous solvents water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alchol and acetic acids have been used and non-aqueous solvents petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetra chloride, hexane, heptanes, benzene, toluene have been used for the extraction of active medicaments. The extracts were collected and purified and then tested for pharmacological activities. The extracts or residue are further processed for the isolation of active constituents like vascine, ephedrine etc. These were separated and quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography.
Keywords: Sida acuta, Sida cardifolia, vasicine ephedrine, Extraction, Thin layer chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography.
The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological, and botanical description of Quercus infectoria galls (Mazuphal): A review
Authors: Alam Abrar , Siddiqui Javed Inam , Viquar Uzma , Naikodi Mohammed Abdul Rasheed , Ahmad Ishtiyaq 
Published: January 2022

Ethno-pharmacological relevance- In Unani system of medicine Quercus Infectoria galls (QIG) (known as Mazuphal), have a long history of use in the management of many human ailments like diarrhea, hemorrhage, skin diseases, and many other. The QIG is a protective product of small shrub Quercus Infectoria and its medicinal applications of have become increasingly popular in Greece, Syria, Iraq and Iran.
Aim- The aim of the present paper is to provide a contemporary reviewed on the traditional uses and its toxinomy, phytochemical, analytical methods, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and drug interactions of QIG to assess the ethnopharmacological uses, explore its therapeutic potential, and identify future opportunities for research.
Materials and methods- Information on studies of QIG was collected from the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI, and EMBASE) and libraries. Additionally, information was also obtained from local books and PhD and MD’s dissertations.
Results- QIG has played an important role in traditional Unani medicine. The main bioactive metabolites of QIG include tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids etc. Scientific studies on the QIG extract and its components have shown its extensive range of pharmacological activities, such as cholinesterase- and monoamine oxidase-inhibitory, antitumor, anti-hypertension, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory.
Conclusions- In this review the traditional knowledge, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and analytical methods of QIG were highlighted, which gives the proper information for future studies and business exploration. QIG has a huge potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals applications. Moreover the toxicity studies of QIG be reported for the enduring the safety. Additional investigations are recommended to transmute the ethnopharmacological claims of this plant in folklore medicines into scientific rationale-based information. Research on pharmacokinetics studies and potential drug interactions with standard-of-care medications is still limited, which calls for additional studies particularly on humans. Further assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.
Keywords: Quercus infectoria galls, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology
A Review of Plants with Remarkable Hepatoprotective Activity
Authors: Meshack Sanjana , Gupta Suchita 
Published: January 2022

Liver being vulnerable to exogenous substances makes disease associated with it a matter of worldwide concern. Several research thus focus on hepatoprotection .Preventive and therapeutic activity of plants as a hepatoprotective agent is a topic of interest for researchers. Hepatotoxic agents like carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol, isoniazide etc. increase the serum biomarkers of liver where ALT is more specific than AST in detecting liver injury. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) wherein more than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury. Plant phenolics include simple phenols, phenolic acids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, diaryl-alkanoids, stilbenoids, proanthocyanins, tannins, and anthocyanins some alkaloids. The greater the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins in an extract, the higher the hepatoprotective activity possessed by the extract. This paper reviews some plants documented between the periods of 2011-2021 with remarkable heptoprotective activity and discusses the various hepatotoxic agents used, its mechanism and hepatoprotective agents present in the specific plant.
Keywords: Hepatoprotective plants, flavonoids, saponin, alkaloids,hepatotoxicity, drug induced liver injury, hepatotoxic agents
Correlation between Fatique and Stress among Female in Caring for the Elderly at Hospitals
Authors: Tumanggor Roxsana Devi , Kasfi Anna , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti , Nasution Diah Lestari 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Studies showed that the caregiving process has an impact on physical and psychological health, such as stress and fatigue. This research aims to analyze the correlation between fatigue and stress in female caregivers caring for the hospitalized elderly in Medan, Indonesia. Method. This is a correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was conducted from March to October 2020 and 42 caregivers participated. The data analysis was performed to analyze for frequency distribution and the Pearson correlation test was used to measure the strength of the correlation between variables. Results. It was reported that 47.5% of female caregivers were in the average age range of 47 years, and provided care almost 24 hours per day. The elderly had been sick for less than a year on average and showed some degree of partial dependence. Based on the results of the Pearson correlation test, the value of Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 was obtained. Furthermore, the direction of the positive relationship can be seen from the sign of the coefficient (Pearson's correlation of 0.759), which means that the higher the fatigue, the higher the stress level.Conclusion. These results are expected to be the basic data for future research and should be considered hospitals regarding care for the elderly. This can reduce the impact of the stress on the caregivers’ which can affect the quality of care provided.
Main Determinants of the Extent of Lymphadenectomy in Radical Cystectomy: A Study Based on Clinical Practice
Authors: Vale Luís , Mendes Filipa , Pacheco-Figueiredo Luís , Antunes-Lopes Tiago , Alturas-Silva João , Martins-Silva Carlos 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: During radical cystectomy of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, pelvic lymphadenectomy is used not only for an accurate staging, but also to provide local and regional control of the disease. Although recent studies evaluating the anatomical extent of lymphadenectomy recommend an extended template, the relation between the extent of lymphadenectomy and the number of dissected nodes remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the main predictors of the extent of lymphadenectomy in patients with bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy.
Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 119 patients with muscle-invasive or selected high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy between 2010 and 2015 at our institution.
Results: Standard and extended lymphadenectomy was performed in 87 and 22 patients, respectively. Extended template was statistically associated with a higher number of lymph nodes dissected when compared to standard lymphadenectomy, (14 vs 11 lymph nodes; p < 0.05) and showed a trend toward better overall survival, although without statistical significance (HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.23-1.21). Extended lymphadenectomy was performed preferentially in patients undergoing an orthotopic bladder substitution (47.8%) relatively to other types of urinary diversion (around 10% - 11%). These patients had more lymph nodes dissected relatively to cutaneous ureterostomy (15 vs 8 lymph nodes), on average.
Conclusion: The surgeon’s decision about the type of urinary diversion to be performed is the main determinant of the extent of lymphadenectomy in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy The number of retrieved lymph nodes was associated with the extent of lymphadenectomy and with a trend toward better overall survival.
MVPA and GA Comparison for State Space Optimization at Classic Tetris Game Agent Problem
Authors: Armanto Hendrawan , Dwi Putra Ronal , Pickerling Pickerling 
Published: January 2022

Tetris is one of those games that looks simple and easy to play. Although it seems simple, this game requires strategy and continuous practice to get the best score. This is also what makes Tetris often used as research material, especially research in artificial intelligence. These various studies have been carried out. Starting from applying state-space to reinforcement learning, one of the biggest obstacles of these studies is time. It takes a long to train artificial intelligence to play like a Tetris game expert. Seeing this, in this study, apply the Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the most valuable player (MVPA) algorithm to optimize state-space training so that artificial intelligence (agents) can play like an expert. The optimization means in this research is to find the best weight in the state space with the minimum possible training time to play Tetris with the highest possible value. The experiment results show that GAs and MVPA are very effective in optimizing the state space in the Tetris game. The MVPA algorithm is also faster in finding solutions. The resulting state space weight can also get a higher value than the GA (MVPA value is 249 million, while the GA value is 68 million).
Cerebral venous thrombosis of the sphenoparietal sinus: A case report
Authors: Milton Camille K. , Gordon David L. , Glenn Chad A. , Conner Andrew K. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke that preferentially affects reproductive aged females and patients with hereditary or acquired thrombotic risk factors. The superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus are the two most common sites for thrombus formation.

Case Description:
We report a case of CVT arising in a very rare location, the sphenoparietal sinus. A 32-year-old woman with a history of factor V Leiden mutation and multiple prior episodes of venous thromboembolism presented with a new-onset seizure, headache, and emesis. CT angiography ultimately revealed thrombosis of the left sphenoparietal sinus. The patient received anticoagulation with apixaban with resolution of symptoms and without complications.

Conclusion:
This case serves as an uncommon example of sphenoparietal sinus thrombosis managed with novel oral anticoagulant treatment.
MEDICOLEGAL CORNER. Failure to replace obstructed lumbar drain after thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair leads to paraplegia
Authors: Epstein Nancy E. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
To avoid spinal cord ischemia following endovascular/open thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm (T-AAA) repair, lumbar drains (LDs) are placed to reduce intraspinal pressure, and increase spinal perfusion pressure. Here, we present a medicolegal case in which a critical care (CC) physician knew that the LD was obstructed following a T-AAA repair, but did not replace it until the patient became paraplegic. The patient was left with permanent sphincter loss, and a severe paraparesis.

Methods:
A geriatric patient with multiple medical/cardiovascular comorbidities first underwent an endovascular T-AAA (Crawford Type II T-AAA) repair several years ago. Due to continued expansion of the aneurysm, the patient now required an open T-AAA repair.

Results:
Prior to the open T-AAA surgery, a prophylactic LD was placed. Postoperatively, the patient required a second emergency operation to repair a leaking intercostal artery anastomosis. The next morning, the CC physician clearly documented the drain was obstructed, but chose to follow the patient; 3.5 hours later, the patient became paraplegic. The LD was replaced after the patient was first sent to MRI to rule out a spinal cord hematoma, resulting in a total delay of more than 6.5 h from when the CC physician first became aware of the non-functioning LD. The patient later regained only partial function, remaining significantly paraparetic with total loss of bowel/bladder function.

Conclusion:
LD for endovascular/open T-AAA repairs reduce spinal fluid pressure, increase spinal cord perfusion pressures, and limits the frequency (i.e. 2.3–2.6%) of resultant spinal cord ischemia/paralysis. Here, despite the CC physician’s failure to replace an obstructed LD after an open T-AAA, repair, the jury rendered a defense verdict.