bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of epigenetic genes for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response of ovarian cancer
Authors: Shen Wenbin , Jiang Wei , Ye Shuang , Sun Min , Yang Huijuan , Shan Boer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Epigenetic factors play a critical role in tumour development and progression. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a robust epigenetic gene set-based signature for predicting prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Methods
By using LASSO Cox regression model, we screened out the most useful prognostic epigenetic factors and a prognostic signature was developed based on them. Survival receiver operating characteristic was used to test the prognostic accuracy of signature in training and validation sets. The associations between the risk scores and immune cell infiltration, tumour purity, immune checkpoint inhibitor genes expression were also assessed in ovarian cancer .

Results
A total of 26 epigenetic factors were identified to develop the prognostic signature. In the training set, the prognosis of high-risk patients was strikingly poorer than that of low-risk patients (hazard ratio: 2.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.65–2.72, P &lt; 0.001). Similar results were further observed in the internal validation set (hazard ratio: 1.69, 95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.63, P = 0.020) and external validation set (hazard ratio:1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.41–2.69; P &lt; 0.001). Survival receiver operating characteristic at 5 year showed the epigenetic signature (area under the curve = 0.700) performed better than other clinical features in predicting prognosis. Distinct difference in immune activation related pathways, immune cells infiltration, tumour purity reflected by immune and stromal score and immune checkpoint inhibitor genes gene expression was observed between high- and low-risk samples.

Conclusions
This study constructed an epigenetic signature that was capable of predicting postoperative outcomes and may also serve as potential biomarker for immunotherapy responses for ovarian cancer.
Correlative volume-imaging using combined array tomography and FIB-SEM tomography with beam deceleration for 3D architecture visualization in tissue
Authors: Hirashima Shingo , Ohta Keisuke , Rikimaru-Nishi Yukiko , Togo Akinobu , Funatsu Takashi , Tsuneyoshi Risa , Shima Yuichi , Nakamura Kei-ichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Focused ion beamed (FIB) SEM has a higher spatial resolution than other volume-imaging methods owing to the use of ion beams. However, in this method, it is challenging to analyse entire biological structures buried deep in the resin block. We developed a novel volume-imaging method by combining array tomography and FIB-SEM tomography and investigated the chondrocyte ultrastructure. Our method imparts certainty in determining the analysis area such that cracks or areas with poor staining within the block are avoided. The chondrocyte surface showed fine dendritic processes that were thinner than ultrathin sections. Upon combination with immunostaining, this method holds promise for analysing mesoscopic architectures.
Foreign Interference and Social Media Networks: A Relational Approach to Studying Contemporary Russian Disinformation
Authors: Lemke Tobias , Habegger Michael W 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of disinformation to disrupt the domestic politics of other states has become a staple of contemporary global politics. How these campaigns operate at a microlevel of individual users and network communities, however, remains undertheorized. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework to analyze how states leverage existing social media networks strategically for that purpose. Drawing from social network theory, we argue that the spread of disinformation in the digital age is best understood by examining how actors achieve and maintain access to the existing social media networks via a process of cultural keying—mimicking the cultural cues of the target network to camouflage their intentions and attract followers. While this activity is usually limited in scale and scope, it may be amplified to seize on critical domestic and international events. To demonstrate these arguments, we examine the Twitter behavior of the Kremlin-linked news outlets RT and Sputnik during and after the 2017 French presidential election. We first analyze their presence and salience in a network of accounts interested in French politics. We then use structural topic modeling to identify thematic overlap between the outlets and our panel of users. Our analysis suggests that Kremlin-linked outlets are indeed active in local networks and repeatedly key on salient themes such as Islamophobia and Euroscepticism to blend in.
Barbaloin attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through TGF-β1/Smads/p38 pathway
Authors: Zhang Gong , Bai Rong , Huang Jianlin , Gao Yafeng , Yun Xiuli , Haji Akber Aisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Barbaloin is one of the main bioactive ingredients extracted from Aloe vera, which has the property of protecting the lung from LPS-induced acute injury; however, the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of barbaloin is still unknown. Herein, we present novel data showing the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of barbaloin and revealing the possible molecular mechanism.

Methods
In vivo experiment, oral administration of barbaloin was investigated through paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro experiment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and TGF-β1 pathway were investigated in A549 cells for exploring the anti-fibrosis molecular mechanism of barbaloin.

Key findings
Results showed that barbaloin could improve pulmonary fibrosis through improving physiological routine indexes and histopathological lesions of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Hydroxyproline, collagen I, N-cadherin and α-SMA levels were significantly suppressed. Besides, pro-inflammatory cytokines were also improved. In vitro experiment, barbaloin could inhibit the process of EMT through repressing α-SMA, collagen I and N-cadherin and increasing E-cadherin. In addition, barbaloin could repress the expression of p-Smad2/3 and then suppress the process of EMT through intervening TGF-β1-induced canonical pathway. Moreover, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also inhibited by barbaloin via repressing phosphorylation of p38 through TGF-β1-induced non-canonical axis.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of barbaloin in vivo and in vitro for the first time. These results indicate that barbaloin may be a promising clinical candidate drug against pulmonary fibrosis.
Molecular basis of differential adventitious rooting competence in poplar genotypes
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Perrone Irene , Alallaq Sanaria , Singh Rajesh , Rigal Adeline , Brunoni Federica , Chitarra Walter , Guinet Frederic , Kohler Annegret , Martin Francis , Street Nathaniel R , Bhalerao Rishikesh , Legué Valérie , Bellini Catherine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recalcitrant adventitious root (AR) development is a major hurdle in propagating commercially important woody plants. Although significant progress has been made to identify genes involved in subsequent steps of AR development, the molecular basis of differences in apparent recalcitrance to form AR between easy-to-root and difficult-to-root genotypes remains unknown. To address this, we generated cambium tissue-specific transcriptomic data from stem cuttings of hybrid aspen, T89 (difficult-to-root) and hybrid poplar OP42 (easy-to-root), and used transgenic approaches to verify the role of several transcription factors in the control of adventitious rooting. Increased peroxidase activity was positively correlated with better rooting. We found differentially expressed genes encoding reactive oxygen species scavenging proteins to be enriched in OP42 compared with T89. A greater number of differentially expressed transcription factors in cambium cells of OP42 compared with T89 was revealed by a more intense transcriptional reprograming in the former. PtMYC2, a potential negative regulator, was less expressed in OP42 compared with T89. Using transgenic approaches, we demonstrated that PttARF17.1 and PttMYC2.1 negatively regulate adventitious rooting. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis of genotypic differences in AR and implicate differential expression of the master regulator MYC2 as a critical player in this process.
Automating public announcement logic with relativized common knowledge as a fragment of HOL in LogiKEy
Authors: Benzmüller Christoph , Reiche Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A shallow semantical embedding for public announcement logic (PAL) with relativized common knowledge is presented. This embedding enables the first-time automation of this logic with off-the-shelf theorem provers for classical higher-order logic. It is demonstrated (i) how meta-theoretical studies can be automated this way and (ii) how non-trivial reasoning in the target logic (PAL), required for instance to obtain a convincing encoding and automation of the wise men puzzle, can be realized. Key to the presented semantical embedding is that evaluation domains are modelled explicitly and treated as an additional parameter in the encodings of the constituents of the embedded target logic; in previous related works, e.g. on the embedding of normal modal logics, evaluation domains were implicitly shared between meta-logic and target logic. The work presented in this article constitutes an important addition to the pluralist LogiKEy knowledge engineering methodology, which enables experimentation with logics and their combinations, with general and domain knowledge, and with concrete use cases—all at the same time.
Controls on the Emplacement Style of Coherent Kimberlites in the Lac de Gras Field, Canada
Authors: Tovey Madeline , Giuliani Andrea , Phillips David , Nowicki Tom , Pearson D Graham , Fedortchouk Yana , Russell James K 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the Lac de Gras (LDG) kimberlite field, Northwest Territories, Canada, coherent kimberlites (CKs) occur as tabular dykes, pipe-shaped diatremes, and irregular bodies without well-defined geometries. Combining the morphology of CK bodies with the occurrence of fragmented olivine microcrysts allows distinction of four CK types at LDG: (1) dykes with no broken olivine; (2) CK without well-defined but probable sheet geometry and no broken olivine; (3) pipe-filling CK (pfCK) with abundant broken olivine and (4) pfCK with no broken olivine. These features suggest an intrusive origin for type 1 and, probably, type 2 CK; a high-energy extrusive emplacement for CK type 3 and a low-energy intrusive or extrusive emplacement for the CK type 4. Here, we compare petrographic and whole-rock, olivine and spinel compositional data for high-energy extrusive pfCK, low-energy pfCK and intrusive CK units to understand the factors controlling their variable emplacement styles. Extrusive CK contain more abundant groundmass phlogopite and monticellite, lower carbonate/silicate mineral abundance ratios and significantly lower dolomite and pleonaste-spinel abundances compared to intrusive CK. This indicates greater CO2 loss and higher H2O/CO2 in the melt phase for the extrusive CK during emplacement. Lower incompatible element concentrations in the extrusive CKs and different chromite Ti# and olivine rim Mg# indicate derivation from distinct primitive melt compositions. The extrusive CK feature higher ɛNdi and marginally higher ɛHfi compositions than the intrusive CK, pointing to derivation from distinct sources. These findings strongly imply that distinct primary melt compositions were largely responsible for the differences in emplacement styles of CK at LDG. Low-energy pfCKs have similar olivine rim Mg#, chromite Ti# and, hence, primitive melt compositions to the high-energy extrusive CK samples. Their marginally different emplacement styles may depend on local factors, such as changing stress regimes, or slightly different volatile concentrations. Both types of pfCK might reflect the waning stages of volcanic sequences resulting from the eruption of a segregated magma column that started with pipe excavation and the explosive emplacement of gas-rich magma (volcaniclastic kimberlite), followed by the less energetic emplacement of melt-rich magma (pfCK). This hypothesis underscores different primary melt compositions for dyke vs pipe-forming (and filling) kimberlites and hence a fundamental primary melt control on the explosivity of kimberlites.
Local Integration: A Durable Solution in need of Restoration?
Authors: Hovil Lucy , Maple Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Local integration has long been seen as the “forgotten” durable solution to refugee displacement1 evidenced by the reluctance of governments across the world to accord refugees a new citizenship. This article goes further. It argues that local integration as a durable solution has not been merely forgotten, but deliberately avoided at a national, regional and international level. As a result, its veracity as a realistic durable solution for the majority of refugees is now in question.
The article examines ways in which states seek to evade local integration. It begins by investigating the multiple tactics used by wealthier governments to elude responsibility both at a national level and through the influence they exert over global refugee responses. It then explores how countries hosting the greatest numbers of refugees, with a specific focus on Africa, have allowed significant numbers of refugees into their territory but have then maintained a short-term approach that has, in practice, blocked local integration as a durable solution. We argue that a mix of global, national, and local processes and forces have effectively conspired to diminish local integration as a durable solution to the point that it has all but vanished from the political arena. The implications for refugee populations of these processes and forces – talked of collectively as the politics of evasion – are profound.
While refugees continue to find ways to negotiate their own access to communities and labour markets, this is often done against national, regional, and international policies rather than with them. Ultimately, by highlighting its value as a durable solution, while showing that there is almost uniform acceptance by states and international organisations working on protection concerns that it is no longer politically viable, this article hopes to restart an urgent conversation about the value of local integration and how it can be reinvigorated.
Early Restrictive Fluid Strategy Impairs the Diaphragm Force in Lambs with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ijland Marloes M. , Ingelse Saranke A. , van Loon Lex M. , van Erp Merijn , Kusters Benno , Ottenheijm Coen A. C. , Kox Matthijs , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Heunks Leo M. A. , Lemson Joris 
Published: March 2022

Background
The effect of fluid management strategies in critical illness–associated diaphragm weakness are unknown. This study hypothesized that a liberal fluid strategy induces diaphragm muscle fiber edema, leading to reduction in diaphragmatic force generation in the early phase of experimental pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome in lambs.

Methods
Nineteen mechanically ventilated female lambs (2 to 6 weeks old) with experimental pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome were randomized to either a strict restrictive fluid strategy with norepinephrine or a liberal fluid strategy. The fluid strategies were maintained throughout a 6-h period of mechanical ventilation. Transdiaphragmatic pressure was measured under different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (between 5 and 20 cm H2O). Furthermore, diaphragmatic microcirculation, histology, inflammation, and oxidative stress were studied.

Results
Transdiaphragmatic pressures decreased more in the restrictive group (–9.6 cm H2O [95% CI, –14.4 to –4.8]) compared to the liberal group (–0.8 cm H2O [95% CI, –5.8 to 4.3]) during the application of 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (P = 0.016) and during the application of 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (–10.3 cm H2O [95% CI, –15.2 to –5.4] vs. –2.8 cm H2O [95% CI, –8.0 to 2.3]; P = 0.041). In addition, diaphragmatic microvessel density was decreased in the restrictive group compared to the liberal group (34.0 crossings [25th to 75th percentile, 22.0 to 42.0] vs. 46.0 [25th to 75th percentile, 43.5 to 54.0]; P = 0.015). The application of positive end-expiratory pressure itself decreased the diaphragmatic force generation in a dose-related way; increasing positive end-expiratory pressure from 5 to 20 cm H2O reduced transdiaphragmatic pressures with 27.3% (17.3 cm H2O [95% CI, 14.0 to 20.5] at positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H2O vs. 12.6 cm H2O [95% CI, 9.2 to 15.9] at positive end-expiratory pressure 20 cm H2O; P < 0.0001). The diaphragmatic histology, markers for inflammation, and oxidative stress were similar between the groups.

Conclusions
Early fluid restriction decreases the force-generating capacity of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic microcirculation in the acute phase of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, the application of positive end-expiratory pressure decreases the force-generating capacity of the diaphragm in a dose-related way. These observations provide new insights into the mechanisms of critical illness–associated diaphragm weakness.

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TUG-10: A Modification of the Timed Up and Go Test for Aerobic Assessment in Older Adults
Authors: Hergott Colleen G. , Bolgla Lori A. , Waller Jennifer L. , Dowling Aaron , Ezzell Kennedy , Graves Corley , Peed William 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Cardiorespiratory fitness tests are important for older adults to determine baseline cardiovascular fitness and appropriate aerobic exercise intensity. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) is a test that can be modified to challenge the aerobic system by performing 10 continuous repetitions (TUG-10). The TUG-10 advantages include less space and time requirements and incorporation of functional tasks with balance challenges. The purpose of this study was to relate the performance and physiologic responses of the TUG-10 to other common aerobic capacity tests.

Methods:
Fourteen independent community-dwelling adults performed the 6-minute-walk test (6MWT), 2-minute-step test (2MST), and TUG-10. Heart rate (HR), diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded before and after each test. Bland–Altman plots were used to determine the agreement between test performances. Repeated measures mixed models compared differences in the physiologic changes between the tests.

Results:
Participants had a clinically greater increase in the adjusted mean change in HR during the 2MST (22.5 bpm) than the 6MWT (17.0 bpm) and TUG-10 (12.3 bpm). Diastolic blood pressure response was similar across all 3 tests with no significant change. Systolic blood pressure increased less during the 6MWT (15.4 mm Hg) compared with the 2MST (33.3 mm Hg) and TUG-10 (28.7 mm Hg). Participants reported a higher RPE during the 2MST (7.9) than the 6MWT (6.1) and TUG-10 (5.2). The Bland–Altman plots indicated that participants' performance on the 3 tests was comparable.

Conclusions:
The TUG-10, 6MWT, and 2MST demonstrated comparable performances and clinically similar physiologic changes. Heart rate and RPE changes were greater during the 2MST than the other tests, suggesting that the 2MST was more demanding. Findings support the TUG-10 as a potential functional outcome measure to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, the TUG-10 required minimal space and time and may facilitate the gap in aerobic testing in physical therapy practice.
The Role of Intraocular Pressure and Systemic Hypertension in the Progression of Glaucomatous Damage to the Macula
Authors: Chang Angela Y. , Tsamis Emmanouil , Blumberg Dana M. , Al-Aswad Lama A. , Cioffi George A. , Hood Donald C. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , De Moraes C.G. 
Published: March 2022

Précis:
Macular structural and functional parameters were better correlated with pressure-dependent glaucomatous damage than conventional parameters. Self-reported systemic hypertension (HTN) was not associated with structural or functional progression in this cohort.

Purpose:
The aim was to examine the relationships between intraocular pressure (IOP), systemic HTN, and glaucoma progression using structural testing with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional testing with visual field (VF).

Patients and Methods:
A total of 191 eyes of 119 patients enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study (Structural and Functional Progression of Glaucomatous Damage to the Macula study) with a diagnosis of glaucoma were analyzed. Patients were tested with 10-2 and 24-2 VF and spectral-domain OCT obtained at 4 to 6 month intervals. IOP from each visit was collected. Self-reported diagnoses of HTN were reported in 72 eyes (37%) in the patients included. Linear mixed effects regression was used to test the relationship between summary statistics from VF and OCT and HTN diagnosis. The goodness-of-fit of relationships was assessed with Bayesian information criterion.

Results:
Mean follow-up IOP was most associated with the following OCT parameters: global macula ganglion cell layer (GCL), inferior macula GCL, mean macular vulnerability zone GCL, and mean less vulnerable zone macula GCL, and with the following VF parameters: 10-2 PSD and 10-2 MD. There was no significant difference in rates of progression between HTN and non-HTN patients for any OCT or VF parameter. Models with the best goodness-of-fit for the relationship between HTN and progression were the same as those observed for IOP.

Conclusion:
Macular structural and functional parameters are more sensitive to IOP in terms of glaucomatous progression when compared with more conventional parameters. While HTN was not significantly associated with progression using any parameter, macular structural and functional parameters had a better goodness-of-fit to model progression and may be useful as endpoints.
Do Personal Nurse-Initiated Medication Boxes Work in Prison? A Cross-Sectional Study Involving Incarcerated Persons and Prison Officers in a Swiss Prison
Authors: Pralong Dominique , Tran Nguyen Toan , Mary Gérard , Renaud Audrey , Meach Francesco , Wolff Hans 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Daily in-hand medication dispensing in prisons and jails is resource intensive, disempowering, and nonconfidential. This research aimed to assess a nurse-initiated, low-frequency medication dispensing system using personal lockable boxes.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in a Swiss prison involving 47 box users and 19 custodial officers.

Findings
Box users agreed or strongly agreed about the perceived advantages of the box system, including user-friendliness, lower theft risk, and increased dignity, confidentiality, compliance, and autonomy to self-manage medication. Officers, who must accompany nurses during dispensing rounds, concurred that medication boxes were more time-efficient and improved role differentiation between custodial and clinical staff. Patients and officers were overall satisfied with the system and would recommend scaling it up in other facilities.

Discussion
This study suggests that medication boxes are feasible, acceptable, easy to use, and secure. Boxes could promote patients' autonomy, protect confidentiality, and allow nurses to dedicate more time to individual visits and health promotion and prevention activities.