bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of Marginalized Older Individuals in Artefact Design: Reflections and Recommendations
Authors: Roos Vera , van Rensburg J. T. Janse 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt has become clear that technology will increasingly be used by older individuals as well as in caring for them, yet older end-users are often excluded from artefact design. Including them in the design process can support their (often hesitant) uptake of technology. This chapter illustrates the participation of a cohort of marginalized older individuals in the development of our Yabelana ICT ecosystem (a website, a mobile application, and an Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) code), which gives access to information about local services. We drew on design science research principles and applied six types of problem-solving actions to develop our artefact: (1) describe the problem; (2) define the problem; (3) relate to key people about the problem; (4) generate an action plan; (5) act to alleviate the problem; and (6) evaluate the effectiveness of the action. Against the background of the relevant literature, we give an account of the processes applied to facilitate the participation of our intended end-users. We critique the actions taken to involve our cohort, and conclude with recommendations for promoting older individuals’ inclusion in the design of technology artefacts intended for their use.
History of Sound Recording and Analysis Equipment
Authors: Pavan Gianni , Budney Gregory , Klinck Holger , Glotin Hervé , Clink Dena J. , Thomas Jeanette A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last 100 years, there has been an explosion of research in the field of animal bioacoustics. These changes have been facilitated by technological advances, decrease in size and cost of recording equipment, increased battery life and data storage capabilities, the transition from analog-to-digital recorders, and the development of sound analysis software. Acousticians can now study the airborne and underwater sounds from vocal species across the globe at temporal and spatial scales that were not previously feasible and often in the absence of human observers. Many advances in the field of bioacoustics were enabled by equipment initially developed for the military, professional musicians, and radio, TV, and film industries. This chapter reviews the history of the development of sound recorders, transducers (i.e., microphones and hydrophones), and signal processing hardware and software used in animal bioacoustics research. Microphones and hydrophones can be used as a single sensor or as an array of elements facilitating the localization of sound sources. Analog recorders, which relied on magnetic tape, have been replaced with digital recorders; acoustic data was initially stored on tapes, but is now stored on optical discs, hard drives, and/or solid-state memories. Recently, tablets and smartphones have become popular recording and analysis devices. With these advances, it has never been easier, or more cost-efficient, to study the sounds of the world.
Vibrational and Acoustic Communication in Animals
Authors: Dunlop Rebecca , Gannon William L. , Kiley-Worthington Marthe , Hill Peggy S. M. , Wessel Andreas , Thomas Jeanette A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn introduction to acoustic and vibrational communication in animals is presented in this chapter. Starting with the origins of communication and ritualization of vocal and vibrational signals to produce a clear message or broadcast. A summary of communication concepts is presented describing behaviors such as displays. The chapter continues by unraveling some of the complexities of acoustic and vibrational communication such as elephant vibration detection posture and reception of long-range vibrational signal production—or drumming—in Prairie chickens and Kangaroo rats. We discuss the advantages of vibrational and acoustic signal production signals as well as the disadvantages including the influence of environmental factors that may mask or attenuate signals such as wind, water, or structural clutter. Research on the informational content of these signals is progressing. We provide a summary of ground-breaking earlier work, an indication of where we believe the field is now, and a glimpse of where we believe the field could be going in the future. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the characteristics of human language and whether nonhuman animals have such a language with the accompanying mental abilities. It could just be that other animals are most entertained (and threatened!) by our signaling behaviors.
Echolocation in Bats, Odontocetes, Birds, and Insectivores
Authors: Brinkløv Signe M. M. , Jakobsen Lasse , Miller Lee A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors review basic concepts about echolocation, the variety of animals known to echolocate, the production of echolocation signals, the different types of echolocation signals, the hearing anatomy, and how echolocating animals use echolocation. The differences between echolocation signals in air versus water are discussed. Echolocation abilities have been studied intensively in bats and toothed whales, the two groups with the most sophisticated echolocation systems in terms of physiological specializations and performance. Echolocation has also been documented in oilbirds and swiftlets; and a crude form of echo-based orientation may be present in tenrecs and shrews.The authors emphasize that the ability to produce ultrasonic sounds does not necessarily imply an echolocation function. Most echolocators (i.e., a select group of bats, toothed whales, oilbirds, and swiftlets) use broadband clicks, but the majority of bats produce tonal echolocation signals of constant frequency, frequency modulation, or a combination of both. Most echolocators cannot broadcast and receive echolocation signals at the same time but separate each outgoing pulse from its returning echoes in time to detect the echoes and avoid masking caused by overlap with the outgoing signal. However, three families of bats can tolerate pulse-echo overlap and use the Doppler shift to identify prey items.A primary advantage of echolocation is allowing animals to operate and orient independently of ambient light conditions. At the same time, information leakage is a primary disadvantage of echolocation. The signals used in echolocation are audible to many other animals, such as competing conspecifics, predators, and prey.
The Effects of Noise on Animals
Authors: Erbe Christine , Dent Micheal L. , Gannon William L. , McCauley Robert D. , Römer Heinrich , Southall Brandon L. , Stansbury Amanda L. , Stoeger Angela S. , Thomas Jeanette A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the effects of noise on animals in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Potential adverse effects cover a range of behavioral changes and physiological responses, including—in extreme cases—physical injury and death. The types and severity of effects are related to a number of noise features, including the received noise level and duration of exposure, but also depend upon contextual factors such as proximity, familiarity, and the behavioral state in which animals were exposed. The effects of anthropogenic noise on individual animals can escalate to the population level. Ultimately, species-richness and biodiversity in an ecosystem could be affected. However, our understanding of population-level effects and ecosystem interactions is limited, yet it is an active area of study. Given that noises of human origin can be controlled, there is the potential to mitigate any negative impacts by modifying noise source characteristics or operation schedules, finding alternative means to obtain operational goals of the noise source, or excluding biologically critical habitats or seasons.
Collecting, Documenting, and Archiving Bioacoustical Data and Metadata
Authors: Gannon William L. , Dunlop Rebecca , Hawkins Anthony , Thomas Jeanette A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe best practices for conducting bioacoustical research are described in this chapter. Ethical considerations, including the need for research integrity, animal ethics (e.g., in the USA, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, IACUC) approvals, and data management and archiving are discussed. Suggestions for conducting a bioacoustical study in the laboratory, field, and captivity are described, including designing a data sheet. Recommendations for carrying out playback studies, a special type of bioacoustical study, are also provided. Finally, the importance of historical data, properly logging the details of a recording, documenting equipment specifications, and correctly storing analog and digital acoustic data are summarized.
Source-Path-Receiver Model for Airborne Sounds
Authors: Larsen Ole Næsbye , Gannon William L. , Erbe Christine , Pavan Gianni , Thomas Jeanette A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Source-Path-Receiver Model (SPRM) is a fundamental concept derived from hazard (including noise) control. It is useful in studies of animal bioacoustics where the sound sources may be animals, humans, or natural events within the habitat and the receivers are animals. It provides a framework for the researcher to ensure all aspects of the scenario being observed or recorded are considered, which could affect the observations. This chapter develops the SPRM for the example of animal acoustic communication, where the source and receiver are animals of the same species. Factors that affect the source and receiver are explained (e.g., age, sex, individual identity, and context). Much emphasis is given to “the path.” The environment through which the sound travels affects the received signal (in terms of its amplitude, frequency, and duration) and exhibits ambient noise, which might affect both sender and receiver. The basic concepts of sound propagation are explained (including Huygens’ principle, ray tracing, Snell’s law, reflection, scattering, reverberation, diffraction, refraction, transmission, absorption, ground effect, atmosphere effects, acoustic mirages, and shadow zones). The SPRM illustrates the importance of exploring the acoustic features of a sound signal at all points between the sender and receiver to understand factors that could promote or inhibit effective communication among animals.
Introduction: Challenging Mobilities, Greece and the EU in Times of Crises
Authors: Kousis Maria , Chatzidaki Aspasia , Kafetsios Konstantinos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith a broader view of ‘crisis’ not only as temporal interruption, but also as opportunity and constraint, the volume offers a multidisciplinary perspective on challenging mobilities arising during the 2009–2021 period in Greece, the epicentre of the Eurozone crisis, EU’s main gate in the ‘refugee crisis’ and a country experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic. Its contributors from social sciences and humanities, mathematics, health and legal sciences, document how crises interact with migration processes at the individual, organisational and macro levels on critical junctures of economic, humanitarian and governance emergencies. Its fresh empirical and theoretical insights on an ‘exceptional’ South European periphery case contribute to the existing migration literature, especially in reference to the third wave of emigrants, crises-affected host attitudes, solidarity and claims-making, mobility reception transitions and perennial integration challenges. Illuminating the dynamic interactions between crises and migration processes involving supra-state, state and non-state actors as well as citizens and migrants/displaced people, the volume offers new knowledge and insights on the challenges and complexities of crisis-related mobilities. These centre on the ways in which crisis-related opportunities and threats affect transnationalism, collective action, migrants’ political agency, governance and reception practices, as well as secondary migration.
Governing Migrant (Im)mobility in Greece After the EU-Turkey Statement
Authors: Dimitriadi Angeliki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe chapter looks at the governance of migrant mobility in Greece in the period 2015–2018. It investigates how Greece managed migrant trajectories, with particular attention to irregular migrants and asylum seekers who entered through the land and sea borders, after the EU-Turkey Statement of March 2016. Building on empirical research conducted in the framework of the CeasEVAL project, with migrants and asylum seekers who crossed the external borders of Greece, the chapter contributes new findings to the growing field of research on borders and bordering practices and how they impact the (im)mobility trajectories of people on the move. As the findings suggest, the governance of migrants’ mobility sought not only to deter entry or provoke onward movement, but also to produce containment and divergence, both geographical and in terms of access to services. Mobility was regulated and controlled internally through the construction of administrative and legal barriers that in turn resulted in the inclusion/exclusion from key services, including asylum and accommodation. Reception conditions –particularly access to, or lack of accommodation– can define secondary movement, either by provoking or by deterring it. Thus, internal barriers can function as a key driver for the desire to undertake transitory movement, posing a challenge to the Schengen space.
Crisis Upon Crisis: Theoretical and Political Reflections on Greece’s Response to the ‘Refugee Crisis’
Authors: Parsanoglou Dimitris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I reflect upon the theoretical and political implications of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ both in terms of governance and sovereignty. The analysis that follows is based on empirical material, namely in-depth semi-structured interviews with different relevant stakeholders, i.e. representatives of authorities, such as the former Ministry of Migration Policy and the Asylum Service, representatives of EU agencies, such as Frontex and DG ECHO, as well as volunteers and activists from Greece and other countries, like Turkey, Spain and the United States of America. I focus on pre-existing and emerging internal contradictions between different actors who have been dealing with refugees. In other words, I try to capture the contingent character of new geographies of control that occurred with the establishment of the ‘hotspot approach,’ in correlation with the shifts in state sovereignty as it has been repositioned through the active involvement of non-state actors – from non-governmental organisations to international organisations and EU agencies – in the refugee/migration management.
A ‘Wicked Problem’ for the Municipality of Athens. The ‘Refugee Crisis’ from an Insider’s Perspective
Authors: Stratigaki Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn late 2014, the city of Athens began to receive large numbers of refugees and migrants from the Aegean islands, mainly ‘transit’ refugees who wanted to travel to Northern Europe. The political and socioeconomic situation in the country was difficult, as the effects of the economic crisis (2010) were still being felt. Squeezed between different and constantly changing legal frameworks, different levels of public governance and facing xenophobic reactions from local residents, the authorities of Athens had to face a new ‘wicked problem’ and find urgent solutions and innovative policies. This chapter discusses the main policies developed by the Municipality of Athens to provide basic goods and services for the survival and dignity of the large number of migrants and refugees, as well as to transform administrative structures and review policy priorities. Three important aspects of the ‘wicked problem’ are highlighted: (a) the clear political responses against xenophobic reactions (b) the innovation of the institutional and financial framework by ‘deviating’ from administrative rigidities, and (c) the coordination of the ‘Babel’ of multiple policy actors involved in addressing the ‘refugee crisis’ beyond the established public sector. The lack of a coherent national strategy forced the city government to find innovative solutions, raise funding from multiple sources and mobilise new social actors and policy networks. The case of the Municipality of Athens has highlighted that policy innovation, administrative reform, and institutional change under conditions of humanitarian emergency can be facilitated by mobilising untapped human and institutional forces and resources.
The ‘Virtual Return’ Option of the Highly Educated Immigrants: The Case of Greek PhD Holders
Authors: Labrianidis Lois , Karampekios Nikolaos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHighly educated human capital is crucial for economic development. This has created a situation where countries compete to attract the best and the brightest. Being the case that in developed countries the demand for skilled human capital is greater than the supply, such global policies risk the possibility of less developed ones losing a significant part of their human capital. In this chapter, we review the policies followed by the countries losing their human capital to counter this trend. Greece being such a case, herein we examine the relevant policies and present the results of a novel field research. Conducted on top-tier highly educated individuals (PhD holders) who received their doctorate degree in the period 1985–2018, we examine issues of physical and virtual option as well as return policies that can be extended by the state. In terms of findings, 14.8% of these individuals currently live abroad while 31.3% of them have lived and worked abroad in the past. They maintain strong ties with Greece and they believe that the state could do certain things to help them to return (return option) as well as to facilitate their connection to the Greek economy while they still reside abroad (‘virtual return’/ ‘diaspora option’).
Cognitive Maps, Cultural Distances and National Stereotypes in Times of Crises: Comparing Greece and Hungary
Authors: Fokas Nikos , Jelenfi Gábor , Tardos Róbert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter centres on polarised rearrangements of the imageries of ‘Others’ both in the Greek and the Hungarian public, during a period witnessing the impacts of the global financial crisis and the so-called ‘refugee crisis.’ We examined varieties of imageries of ‘Others’ in crisis situations, based on an online survey that was conducted in parallel in Greece and Hungary. Concurrently, we analysed the auto-stereotypical features of Greeks and Hungarians, along with their hetero-stereotype characteristics concerning some key nationalities (Americans, Arabs, Germans and Russians) to capture emerging patterns of sympathies, perceived skills and cultural distances. We found a substantial core of positive expressive auto-stereotypes among the Greek population. Hungarian auto-stereotypes reflected somewhat more instrumental-oriented self-images. The cognitive maps outlined by the two-mode network methodology displayed groupings of nationalities with related stereotypical attributes, such as ‘Western,’ ‘Eastern’ or ‘Peripheral.’ We also examined the beliefs of certain segments of the overall population depending on their exposure to financial and refugee crises. Media analyses of various activity domains conducted correspondingly for the respective countries highlighted substantial shifts between pre- and post-crisis patterns regarding both these countries’ positions and their characteristic features, as portrayed in the Greek and the Hungarian public discourse.
Vessel tapering is conserved along a precipitation gradient in tropical trees of the genus Cedrela
Authors: Chambers-Ostler Alexander , Gloor Emanuel , Galbraith David , Groenendijk Peter , Brienen Roel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKey messageThe rate of vessel tapering is highly conserved across a precipitation gradient in tropical trees, pointing to a limit on tree height determined by a maximum basal vessel diameter.Maximum tree height in the tropics decreases strongly with decreasing precipitation. The role of hydraulic architecture in controlling this variation in tree height remains unclear. The widening of conducting xylem vessels from the apex to the base of trees, also known as tapering, is important for maintaining the hydraulic conductivity along the tree stem. If in contrast vessel diameter were constant, then resistance would increase with path length constraining flow rates as tree height increases. Whilst previous research has shown that vessel diameter scales with tree height at a similar rate (similar power law exponent) across biomes and taxa, knowledge on these relationships across precipitation gradients within a single species is incomplete, especially for the tropics. Here we report how vessel density and diameter at the tree base differ for two tropicalCedrelaspecies across four sites varying in precipitation from 1014 to 2585 mm year−1. We find that maximum tree height decreases with decreasing precipitation across sites from 42 to 13 m. Despite the strong differences between sites in maximum tree height and water availability, tapering is indeed remarkably conserved and close to published scaling with height based on multi-species analyses. Thus, for a given tree height, basal vessel diameter does not vary between sites, whilst the maximum basal vessel size is two times smaller at the drier site (with the shortest trees) compared to the wettest site (with the tallest trees). This suggests a possible limitation of tree height determined by a maximum basal vessel diameter that can be sustained, given increasing embolism risk with increasing dryness. Our results show no hydraulic adaptation across this wetness gradient and reveal a clear relationship between maximum tree height and maximum basal vessel size.
Clinical exercise therapy program with multiple myeloma patients: Impacts on feasibility, adherence and efficacy
Authors: Wefelnberg Michael Mendes , Niels Timo , Holtick Udo , Jundt Franziska , Scheid Christoph , Baumann Freerk T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a severe hemato-oncological disease with high mortality and increasing incidence rate. Since evidence on exercise therapy in MM patients remains limited, this study examines feasibility, adherence, and efficacy based on real-life data from an oncologic care structure.

Methods
A data evaluation of MM patients who participated in the oncologic exercise and movement therapy (OTT) at the Cologne University Hospital between 2012 and 2019 was conducted. The patient flow was incrementally reduced to four cohorts, intention-to-treat cohort (ITTC), safety cohort (SC), adherence cohort (AC), and efficacy cohort (EC). Cohorts were evaluated descriptively and by means of correlation analysis as well as group and time comparisons.

Results
Thirty patients registered at the OTT between 2012 and 2019 (ITTC). The SC (N = 26) attended exercise therapy on average about one session per week over a period of 8 months. One-third dropped out within 3 months. In the AC (N = 15), BMI at baseline exhibited a strong and very significant negative correlation with exercise adherence. In the EC (N = 8), a significant improvement in physical functioning and a tendency towards significance in fatigue reduction between two measurement points was observed. No adverse events were documented.

Conclusions
The present observatory study reveals safety and feasibility while indicating adherence and efficacy of exercising MM patients under real-life therapy circumstances. Found obstacles to exercising as well as improvements in questionnaire scale scores need to be further examined in confirmatory study designs.