bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KERJASAMA PEMBIAYAAN PELELANGAN KEPAILITAN ANTARA PERBANKAN BUMN DENGAN KURATOR NEGARA SEBAGAI INOVASI HUKUM DALAM PERCEPATAN PENYELESAIAN PERKARA KEPAILITAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Adya Bifa Wisnu Pradipta , Habibah Nadira Nur , Rakhman Muhammad Reza Arif 
Published: October 2022

<span lang="EN-US">P</span><span lang="IN">andemi Covid-19 </span><span lang="EN-US">telah memukul kondisi ekonomi dan dunia usaha di Indonesia yang menyebabkan para pengusaha tidak mampu membayar kewajibannya kepada para kredit</span><span lang="IN">or</span><span lang="EN-US">. Hal tersebut pada akhirnya menyebabkan terjadinya lonjakan permohonan kepailitan dan </span><a name="_Hlk70435662"></a><span lang="IN">Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (</span><span lang="EN-US">PKPU</span><span lang="IN">)</span><span lang="IN">pada </span><span lang="EN-US">Pengadilan Niaga di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, banyaknya sengketa kepailitan yang </span><span lang="EN-GB">tidak dibarengi dengan daya beli masyarakat yang baik pada akhirnya juga menimbulkan permasalahan tersendiri yaitu sulit terjualnya aset-aset debit</span><span lang="IN">o</span><span lang="EN-GB">r </span><span lang="IN">p</span><span lang="EN-GB">ailit. Atas dasar hal tersebut di atas, diperlukan suatu inovasi hukum yang dapat memberikan solusi yang komprehensif sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi </span><span lang="IN">aktual</span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span><span lang="IN">Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan normatif-yuridis serta konsep</span><span lang="EN-US">tual </span><span lang="IN">yang komprehensif, </span><span lang="EN-US"> analisis yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah analisis konten dan bahan hukum (<em>content analysis</em>) secara kualitatif untuk mendapatkan suatu pemikiran baru. Dalam tulisan ini terlihat bahwa dalam mempercepat pelelangan kepailitan di masa pandemi Covid-19 diperlukan suatu inovasi hukum yang melibatkan lembaga keuangan yaitu perbankan serta penguatan </span><span lang="IN">perundang-undangan terkait</span><span lang="IN">untuk dapat</span><span lang="IN">menciptakan kemudahan-kemudahan</span><span lang="EN-US"> sehingga </span><span lang="IN">minat masyarakat </span><span lang="EN-US">dalam mengikuti lelang kepailitan akan meningkat, yang pada akhirnya akan mempercepat proses penyelesaian kepailitan.</span>
MEMBANGUN KERANGKA PENGATURAN STARTUP DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kharisma Dona Budi 
Published: October 2022

<p align="justify"><em><span lang="EN-US">Startup</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> atau perusahaan rintisan berbasis teknologi informasi adalah pelaku utama di sektor ekonomi digital. Bahkan, pada masa pandemi, kehadiran <em>startup</em> terbukti menjadi tulang punggung pemulihan ekonomi nasional. Namun, panjangnya proses perijinan usaha, <em>over regulation</em> dan ketidakjelasan lembaga atau komisi yang mengatur <em>startup</em> menjadi hambatan sekaligus persoalan serius dalam ekosistem ekonomi digital. Alhasil, berdasarkan <em>Global Startup Ecosystem Index Report 2021, </em>Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-45 dalam pemeringkatan ekosistem <em>startup</em> global. Di satu sisi, valuasi ekonomi digital Indonesia mencapai US$ 44 miliar dan terbesar di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksikan kerangka pengaturan bisnis <em>startup</em> di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian hukum yang menggunakan pendekatan <em>statute approach</em> dan <em>comparative approach. </em>Beberapa negara yang dijadikan objek studi perbandingan adalah Amerika, Italia, Tunisia dan India. Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan observasi dokumen. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa dukungan regulasi menjadi faktor kunci keberhasilan beberapa negara seperti Amerika, Italia, Tunisia dan India dalam menciptakan ekosistem <em>startup</em>. Selain itu, adanya Komisi Startup Nasional memiliki peran penting dalam perumusan kebijakan, pengawasan, pemberdayaan dan dukungan permodalan bagi <em>startup</em>. Untuk membangun ekosistem <em>startup</em> sekaligus sebagai strategi percepatan pemulihan ekonomi Indonesia pada masa pandemi, direkomendasikan bagi Pemerintah Indonesia untuk membangun kerangka pengaturan bagi <em>startup</em> melalui pembentukan regulasi khusus terkait <em>startup</em> dan membentuk Komisi <em>Startup</em>Nasional sebagai ekosistem ekonomi digital di Indonesia.</span></p>
ASPEK HUKUM BANTUAN BAGI PELAKU USAHA MIKRO (BPUM) DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Shalmont Jerry , Darmawan Grace I. , Dominica Dora 
Published: October 2022

<p><span lang="EN-US">Demi penyelamatan perekonomian nasional, khususnya di sektor usaha mikro, maka Pemerintah menyalurkan Bantuan Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro (BPUM) atau Bantuan Presiden Produktif untuk Usaha Mikro (BanPres Produktif). Sampai dengan bulan Desember 2020, seluruh anggaran sudah direalisasikan sepenuhnya, namun masih banyak pelaku usaha mikro yang belum mendapatkan bantuan ini. Pemerintah berinisiatif memperpanjang jangka waktu BPUM hingga Juni 2021 melalui Permenkop 2/2021. Perpanjangan waktu ini tentu membawa angin segar bagi pelaku usaha mikro. Akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya, serangkaian persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah melalui justru menimbulkan hambatan bagi pelaku usaha mikro untuk mengakses bantuan tersebut mengingat banyak pengajuan mengalami penolakan dan tidak ada kepastian kapan dana bantuan ini dapat dicairkan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji mekanisme penyaluran BPUM agar dapat mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penghambat, sehingga dapat dicarikan solusi untuk meningkatkan akses pelaku usaha mikro. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif-empiris. Kesimpulannya pembenahan dari pihak Pemerintah Indonesia, di mana prosedur disederhanakan, sosialisasi baik secara <em>offline</em> maupun <em>online</em> digencarkan dari tingkat Pemerintah Pusat sampai dengan Dinas KUKM di daerah.</span></p>
Kepatuhan Dan Kesadaran Hukum Kritis: Kajian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 50/PUU-VI/2008
Authors: Kharisma Dona Budi 
Published: October 2022

<p align="justify">Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE) adalah Undang-Undang yang sudah 9 (sembilan) kali mengalami uji materiil sejak diundangkan pada tahun 2008 hingga tahun 2021. Kondisi tersebut menjadi indikasi bahwa publik masih meragukan subtansi Undang-Undang ITE. Menarik untuk dikaji adalah Putusan MK Nomor 50/PUU-VI/2008 yang menyatakan bahwa norma Pasal 27 ayat (3) dan Pasal 45 ayat (1) Undang-Undang ITE adalah konstitusional dan tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai demokrasi, hak asasi manusia, dan prinsip-prinsip negara hukum. Namun, Pemerintah justru merevisi Undang-Undang ITE dan mengeluarkan Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) tentang Pedoman Implementasi atas Pasal Tertentu dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.</p><p align="justify">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab permasalahan apakah tindakan pemerintah yang merevisi Undang-Undang ITE dan mengeluarkan SKB adalah bentuk pembangkangan (<em>disobedience</em>) atau kepatuhan (<em>compliance</em>) terhadap Putusan MK dan bagaimana implikasinya terhadap tatanan hukum. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan <em>statute approach</em><em> </em>dan <em>case approach.</em> Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan observasi dokumen. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis yuridis kualitatif.</p><p align="justify"> Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa terdapat kontradiksi antara Putusan MK dengan tindakan Pemerintah namun tindakan tersebut bukan bentuk pembangkangan melainkan bentuk kepatuhan dan perwujudan kesadaran hukum kritis (<em>critical</em><em> </em><em>legal conciousnees</em>). Upaya Pemerintah untuk merevisi dan mengeluarkan SKB pada konteks ini dilakukan karena didasari oleh nilai-nilai luhur dengan motif untuk menciptakan hukum yang lebih responsif pada kebutuhan dan kepentingan masyarakat. Implikasi yang timbulkan justru memperkuat Putusan MK Nomor 50/PUU-VI/2008 dan menciptakan praktik ketatanegaraan baru dalam pembentukan atau revisi peraturan perundang-undangan.</p>
REKONSTRUKSI PENGATURAN DAN SANKSI HUKUM BAGI PEGAWAI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI RECONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL REGULATING AND SANCTIONING THE EMPLOYEE OF STATE CIVIL APPARATUS WHO COMITS CORRUPTION CRIMINAL ACT
Authors: Tohadi Tohadi 
Published: October 2022

<p>Pegawai Aparatur Sipilil Negara (ASN) memiliki posisi penting dalam mewujudkan adanya pemerintahan yang bersih <em>(clean governance).</em> Semangat Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (selanjutnya: disebut UU ASN) sudah mengarah pada tujuan melahirkan pegawai ASN yang berintegritas dan bersih dari korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme (KKN), sebagai syarat penting terwujudnya <em>clean governance</em> tersebut. Namun demikian, konstruksi pengaturan hukum dan sanksi bagi pegawai ASN yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi tidak tegas dan menimbulkan tafsir berbeda. Faktanya, bagi pegawai ASN yang telah terbukti melakukan tindak pidana korupsi pada banyak kasus tidak dikenakan sanksi administrasi pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat. Penulis tertarik membedah, <strong>pertama</strong>, bagaimana pengaturan hukum bagi pegawai ASN yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi dan penjatuhan sanksinya, dan <strong>kedua</strong>, bagaimana rekonstruksi pengaturan hukum bagi ASN yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi dan penjatuhan sanksinya kedepan khususnya dalam UU ASN. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif berdasarkan sumber data sekunder terutama UU ASN. Penulis menyimpulkan, <strong>pertama</strong>, pengaturan hukum bagi pegawai ASN yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi serta penjatuhan sanksinya tidak secara tegas diatur dalam UU ASN serta peraturan pelaksanaannya dalam hal ini PP No. 11 Tahun 2017 yang telah diubah dengan PP No. 17 Tahun 2020. Dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut hanya mengatur dan menggunakan rumusan “tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan”, tidak ada rumusan “tindak pidana korupsi”. <strong>Kedua</strong>, dalam UU ASN khususnya Pasal 87 ayat (4) huruf b perlu dilakukan rekonstruksi pengaturan hukum dan penjatuhan sanksi bagi pegawai ASN yang telah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi. Perlu dilakukan perubahan dan/atau penyempurnaan dengan mempertegas rumusan norma yang mengatur dan menyebutkan secara tersurat “tindak pidana korupsi”.</p>
Evolution of organic matter quantity and quality in a warm, hypersaline, alkaline lake: The example of the Miocene Nördlinger Ries impact crater, Germany
Authors: Zhao Zibin , Grohmann Sebastian , Zieger Laura , Dai Wanyu , Littke Ralf 
Published: October 2022

The Nördlinger Ries (NR) impact crater in southern Germany contains Miocene lacustrine fine-grained post-impact sediments, which were deposited under saline, alkaline, and hydrologically closed aquatic conditions. To obtain information on the organic matter quantity, quality and environmental evolution, samples from one central (NR 1973) and one more marginal (Enkingen SUBO-18) well were analyzed by pyrolytic, organic geochemical and micro-petrographic techniques. Deposits of the marginal drilling can be linked to the thicker stratigraphic units of the well from the lake center based on total organic carbon (TOC), hydrogen index (HI) and lithology. Central deposits contain mainly hydrogen-rich type I kerogen with a mean HI of 447 mg HC/g TOC, whereas the marginal sequence contains type II-III kerogen with an average HI of 206 mg HC/g TOC. In the center, high total sulfur (TS) over TOC ratios of 1.5 on average, and δ13C values of biomarkers in combination with low α-/total MTTC (α-/total methyl-trimethyltridecyl chromans ∼ &lt;0.6) and Pr/Ph ratios &lt;0.2 suggest the prevalence of hypersaline water. Salinity only decreased during deposition of the uppermost Miocene units, when the then shallow alkaline lake turned, at least temporarily, into acidic-neutral conditions during the time of peat deposition. A similar trend, but at overall lower salinities is recorded for the marginal site. Water stratification in the center is stronger than in the marginal domain based on salinity variation. Anoxic bottom water prevailed in the whole lake, as recorded by exceptionally low Pr/Ph ratios (∼&lt;0.2), the occurrence of des-A-lupane and small pyrite framboids (&lt;5 µm) except for the youngest layers of the Miocene lake. Autochthonous, halophilic red algae/plankton prevailed as reflected by abundant C27steranes, while terrestrial material and aerobic bacteria significantly contributed to the OM only in the latest stages of lake as evident from abundant vitrinite/inertinite particles, high values of diterpenes/C27sterane (up to 255) as well as low values of C27-29regular steranes/C29-32hopanes (&lt;0.5). The same trend, but less well resolved, can be seen at the margin of the paleo-lake.
Integrative analysis reveals novel associations between DNA methylation and the serum metabolome of adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Agarwal Prasoon , Wicklow Brandy A. , Dart Allison B. , Hizon Nikho A. , Sellers Elizabeth A.C. , McGavock Jonathan M. , Talbot Charlotte P. J. , Fonseca Mario A. , Xu Wayne , Davie James R. , Jones Meaghan J. , Acharjee Animesh , Dolinsky Vernon W. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveRates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adolescents are on the rise. Epigenetic changes could be associated with the metabolic alterations in adolescents with T2D.MethodsWe performed a cross sectional integrated analysis of DNA methylation data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with serum metabolomic data from First Nation adolescents with T2D and controls participating in the Improving Renal Complications in Adolescents with type 2 diabetes through Research (iCARE) cohort study, to explore the molecular changes in adolescents with T2D.ResultsOur analysis showed that 43 serum metabolites and 36 differentially methylated regions (DMR) were associated with T2D. Several DMRs were located near the transcriptional start site of genes with established roles in metabolic disease and associated with altered serum metabolites (e.g. glucose, leucine, and gamma-glutamylisoleucine). These included the free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1), upstream transcription factor-2 (USF2), and tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9 (C1QTNF9), among others.ConclusionsWe identified DMRs and metabolites that merit further investigation to determine their significance in controlling gene expression and metabolism which could define T2D risk in adolescents.
Evaluation of WRF-Chem-RTFDDA dust forecasts over the MENA region using in-situ and remote-sensing observations
Authors: Rostkier-Edelstein Dorita , Kunin Pavel , Sheu Rong-Shyang , Gelman Anton , Yunker Amit , Roux Gregory , Pietrkowski Adam , Zhang Yongxin 
Published: October 2022

We employed the combined WRF-Chem-RTFDDA model to forecast dust storms in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). WRF-Chem simulates the emission, transport, mixing, and chemical transformation of trace gases and aerosols simultaneously with the meteorology. RTFDDA continuously assimilates both conventional and nonconventional meteorological observations and provides improved initial conditions for dust analyses and forecasts. WRF-Chem-RTFDDA was run at a horizontal resolution of 9 km using the dust only option without inclusion of anthropogenic aerosols and chemical reactions. The synoptic conditions of the dust events were characterized by a cold front at the low level and an upper-level low-pressure system over the Western Mediterranean. WRF-Chem-RTFDDA was run in continuous assimilation mode, assimilating meteorological observations only, and launching 48-h free forecasts (FF) every 6 h. Two cold starts (CSs) for data assimilation and dust emissions initiation were performed during the study period. NCEP/GFS global analyses and forecasts provided initial and lateral boundary conditions. No global dust model was used for initialization and no dust observations were assimilated. We analyzed the skill of the WRF-Chem-RTFDDA system in reproducing the horizontal and vertical distributions of dust by comparing the FF to Meteosat SEVIRI dust images, MODIS AOD retrievals, CALIPSO extinction coefficients and CAMS aerosols-reanalysis AOD calculations. The skill was analyzed as a function of FF lead time and of the period of time from the CSs. RMSE, bias and correlation between the modeled and CALIPSO measured extinction coefficients were also examined. WRF-Chem-RTFDDA reproduced the main features of the studied dust storms reasonably well. The time distance from the CSs played a more significant role in determining the dust-forecast skill than free-forecast lead time. Since no external dust information was provided to the model, dust emissions and dust spin-up by WRF-Chem played a critical role in dust forecasts. The vertical extent of the CALIPSO extinction coefficients were reasonably well reproduced once model emissions were spun-up. False alarms rates range from 0.03 to 0.26, with many below 0.15, indicating satisfactory performance as a warning system. This study shows the feasibility of dust forecasts using minimal input data over the MENA region.
Dynamic analysis of immune status in patients with intracranial germ cell tumor and establishment of an immune risk prognostic model
Authors: Wang Hairong , Huang He , Lin Xiaoping , Chi Peidong , Chen Hongyu , Chen Jiangen , Mou Yonggao , Chen Zhongping , Yang Qunying , Guo Chengcheng 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionImmune status was evaluated by means of lymphocyte subset counts and immune factors in cancer. This study analyzed the peripheral blood immune index and survival outcomes in intracranial germ cell tumor (iGCT) patients.MethodsPeripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts and levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon-γ (IFN) from 133 iGCT patients were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical information was extracted from the hospital database, and prognosis was confirmed by telephone visit. Patients (n=11) underwent prospective review and their samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes were verified.ResultsA total of 113 (84.2%) patients received comprehensive treatments, including 96 standard therapy (combination of full course chemotherapy and radiology with or without surgery) and 17 comprehensive but non-standard therapy (either without full course chemotherapy or with non-standard radiotherapy) and 98 (73.7%) reached complete or partial response. T lymphocytes (CD3+), cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+ or Tc), and B lymphocytes (CD19+) decreased (p=0.047, p=0.004, and p&lt;0.001, respectively), while activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+CD25+) and IFN increased (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) after treatment. Median survival was 45.33 months, and patients with increased Tc cells and activated Tc cells as well as IFN presented encouraging outcomes (p=0.039, p=0.041, and p=0.017 respectively). Regression analysis showed that non-increased Tc cells and non-increased activated Tc cells were independent factors of poor prognosis (p=0.016, HR=3.96, 95%CI=1.288-12.20; p=0.002, HR=4.37 95%CI= 1.738-10.97). Standard chemo-radiotherapy was independently related to reduced risk of death(p=0.022, HR=0.19, 95%CI=0.044-0.79). Consistence was seen in a nomogram established through retro and prospective studies. An immune risk model indicated the activated group (with both increased activated T cells and IFN levels) had the best prognosis, the mildly activated type with elevated IFN levels had intermediate outcome, and patients with the silent immune status had the worst outcomes (Log rank test, p=0.011).ConclusionImplementation of standard comprehensive treatments led to positive responses. Dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets can be used as an auxiliary indicator for prognosis judgment.
Clinical application of regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in children with liver injury
Authors: Hu Fang , Sun Yuelin , Bai Ke , Liu Chengjun 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundRegional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is increasingly used for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in children, but it is rarely used in children with liver injury, especially liver failure (LF). We analyze this issue through the following research.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 75 children with liver injury who underwent RCA-CRRT in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The patients were divided into the LF group and liver dysfunction (LD) group. The two groups were compared to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of RCA-CRRT in children with liver injury and to explore RCA-CRRT management strategies, in terms of the following indicators: the incidence of bleeding, clotting, citrate accumulation (CA), acid–base imbalance, and electrolyte disturbance, as well as filter lifespans, changes in biochemical indicators, and CRRT parameters adjustment.ResultsThe total incidence of CA (TCA) and persistent CA (PCA) in the LF group were significantly higher than those in the LD group (38.6 vs. 16.2%, p &lt; 0.001; 8.4 vs. 1.5%, p &lt; 0.001); and the CA incidence was significantly reduced after adjustment both in the LF (38.6 vs. 8.4%, p &lt; 0.001) and LD groups (16.2 vs. 1.5%, p &lt; 0.001). The incidence of hypocalcemia was significantly higher in the LF group than in the LD group either before (34.9 vs. 8.8%, p &lt; 0.001) or after treatment (12.0 vs. 0%, p &lt; 0.001). The speed of the blood and citrate pumps after adjustment was lower than the initial setting values in both the LF and LD groups. The dialysis speed plus replacement speed were higher than the initial settings parameters.ConclusionFor children undergoing RCA-CRRT, the risks of CA and hypocalcemia are significantly higher in children with liver failure than those with liver dysfunction, but through the proper adjustment of the protocol, RCA-CRRT can still be safely and effectively approached for children with LD and even LF.