bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Tumor Hypoxia Inhibits Aggressive Phenotype of Dedifferentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ma Ben , Wen Shishuai , Luo Yi , Zhang Tingting , Yang Yichen , Shen Cenkai , Zhang Yan , Ji Qinghai , Qu Ning , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Hypoxia is commonly observed in multiple aggressive cancers. Its role remains unclear in the biology and therapy of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DDTC).

Objective
We aimed to elucidate hypoxia's roles in DDTC tumor biology.

Methods
We discovered and confirmed hypoxia's correlation with dedifferentiation status, poor prognoses, and immune checkpoints in thyroid cancer using transcriptome data from our center and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, the effect of targeting hypoxia was investigated via treating anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells with acriflavine (ACF) in vitro and in vivo, and hypoxia was analyzed for its association with response to immunotherapy in patients.

Results
Hypoxia score was positively associated with dedifferentiation status, and high hypoxia score significantly correlated with reduced overall survival, TP53 mutation, and elevated expression of immunosuppression-related markers in DDTC. ACF and siRNA targeting HIF-1α significantly suppressed growth and proliferation of thyroid cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and reduced c-MYC and PDL1 expression in ATC. HIF-1α showed a positive correlation with PDL1 expression in DDTC. Integrated analyses of phosphoproteome and RNA sequencing data revealed that ACF's target was connected with differentiation genes and immune checkpoints via tumor-related kinases in ATC. Furthermore, hypoxia score was associated with immunotherapeutic response in some cancer types.

Conclusion
Hypoxia score serves as a significant indicator for dedifferentiation status, prognoses, and immunotherapeutic response predicted by Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion in DDTC patients. Targeting hypoxia by ACF is useful to alleviate aggressive phenotype of ATC in a preclinical model of DDTC.
Age at Menarche Mediating Visceral Adipose Tissue's Influence on Pre-eclampsia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Deng Peizhi , Yu Qingwei , Tang Haibo , Lu Yao , He Yingdong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
The association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and pre-eclampsia (PE) shows inconsistent results and the underlying mediator remains unknown.

Objective
We aimed to explore the causal effect of VAT on PE risks and the mediation role of age at menarche (AAM) in explaining this relationship.

Methods
Summary data for PE were obtained from the FinnGen genome-wide association study (3556 cases and 114 735 controls). For exposure data, 70 genetic variants associated with the predicted VAT in 161 149 European women from UK Biobank were used as instrumental variables. Inverse variance weighted and multiple sensitivity analyses were applied. We also conducted multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to test the association between VAT-associated single-nucleotide variations and PE. Next, mediation analyses were performed to study whether the association between VAT and PE was mediated via AAM.

Results
In univariable MR analysis, higher volume of VAT was associated with the advancement of AAM and increased PE risk (beta = −0.33; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.16 for AAM; odds ratio 1.65, 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.20 for PE). After adjusting for waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and hip circumference, the multivariable MR results presented the consistent positive causality of VAT on PE. Two-step MR analysis proved an estimated 14.3% of the positive effect of VAT on PE was mediated by AAM.

Conclusion
Our findings provided evidence of the causal relationship between VAT and PE and proved VAT could accelerate AAM and then contribute to the risk of incident PE.
La France et les investissements directs américains en France (1945–1973)
Authors: Barjot Dominique 
Published: October 2022

PrécisLes années 1945 à 1973 ont été caractérisées, en France comme dans toute l'Europe occidentale, par une croissance économique exceptionnellement rapide, mais aussi par une intense américanisation. Celle-ci s'est traduite, notamment de 1958 à 1973, par un afflux massif de capitaux privés américains. Mesurer l'ampleur du phénomène suppose de croiser les approches macro- et micro-économiques. De la première, il ressort que les investissements directs américains bénéficièrent de facteurs favorables tant du côté de la demande que de celui de l'offre, d'où des résultats impressionnants. La seconde montre que les multinationales américaines s'intéressaient au marché français, mais que, confrontées à une forte opposition, elles ont dû adapter leurs stratégies, avec un inégal succès. Néanmoins ces investissements directs américains ont eu un effet plutôt positif sur la croissance française, qui explique en partie leur poids toujours important pour l’économie française d'aujourd'hui.The years 1945 to 1973 were characterized, in France as in all of Western Europe, both by exceptionally rapid economic growth and by intense Americanization. This resulted, particularly from 1958 to 1973, in a massive influx of American private capital. Measuring the extent of the phenomenon demands both macro- and microeconomic approaches. Macroeconomic analysis demonstrates that US direct investment benefited from favorable conditions on both the demand and supply sides that produced impressive results. Microeconomic analysis reveals that American multinationals were interested in the French market but that, faced with strong opposition, they adapted their strategies with uneven success. Nevertheless, these American direct investments had a generally positive effect on French growth, which partly explains why they remain significant in the French economy today.
Security from the South
Authors: Al-Bulushi Samar , Ghosh Sahana , Grewal Inderpal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis introduction offers “security from the South” as a method and an analytic to trace the colonial continuities, the imperial geographies, and the forms of difference through which people become subjects of, resist, and shore up security regimes across the world. Rather than one overarching set of politics, practices, and ideas that constitute “security,” the essay insists on a pluriversal lens onto a world in which security regimes appear beguilingly universal. Using a transnational feminist approach, we contest the boundedness of the category of the “Global South,” instead emphasizing the fluidity between supposedly separate scales (e.g., North/South, intimate/global, etc.). Thinking across time and space allows for consideration of the ways in which the US empire has shaped practices elsewhere, but not in isolation, not without tension, and not without links to other empires. Security from the South thus encompasses imperial “war on terror” projects, but has a before and after to such projects, as security regimes across the Global South are enmeshed in longer histories of colonialism and racisms, religion, and gender/sexuality.
Can Black Lives Matter in a Black Country?
Authors: Thomas Deborah A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis essay probes the project of security (defined as the protection of whiteness, class hierarchy, and heteropatriarchy) in relation to the desire for safety (glossed as “having somebody”). In probing this relation within a context in which police violence and extrajudicial killing are not typically seen as part of the global phenomenon of anti-Black racism, it seeks to contribute to a conversation in which raciality is not tethered to physicality, but instead is grounded in both historical-ideological and onto-epistemological phenomena that produce whiteness as the apex of humanity in the modern West. The essay explores the relation between security and safety through the rubric of diaspora in two senses—first as a phenomenon of Western modernity via plantation-based New World slavery, which catalyzed the development of enduring categories of (non)personhood and their elaboration into hierarchies of humanity; and second as a phenomenon of migration and the constitution of transnational sociocultural spheres. Diaspora, thus, generates forms of pan-Africanism and Black consciousness as much as it produces agendas related to transnational governance and global security infrastructures. The essay argues that to more complexly understand security from the South, these two notions of diaspora must be held in productive tension. In this way, security is revealed as a racializing project grounded in coloniality, even within majority Black spaces. The essay concludes by illuminating other terrains on which to build accountability and safety.
The biological diversity of coronaviruses: where will the new threat come from?
Authors: Khaitovich Alexandr , Sataieva Tatiana , Zukow Walery , Malygina Veronika , Shevkoplyas Lyudmila , Logadyr Tatiana , Kirsanova Marina , Andronovskaya Irina , Soroka Ekaterina 
Published: October 2022

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 rose a new wave of interest to coronaviruses though the first coronaviruses were discovered in the first half of the XX century. That time coronaviruses were considered as a quite serious veterinary problem but they were not believed to become highly dangerous for humans. However, such ideas were revised in 2002 when SARS-CoV was transferred to human population in the Southeast Asia assumably from the bats, and later in 2012 when natural focus of the MERS-CoV was discovered in the Arabian countries. Due to the increased interest a large number of new Coronaviridae family members was revealed in the first decades of the XXI century. Since then taxonomic structures of coronaviruses underwent significant changes. This review is focused on the need for continued monitoring of the biological diversity of coronaviruses. The structural studies of coronaviruses regardless of the host species may allow us to identify early changes that can affect the evolutionary drift process of a particular HCoV species in
volved in viral transmission from bats or birds to humans.
The efficacy of soap against schistosome cercariae: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Jiaodi , Pitol Ana K. , Braun Laura , Hazell Lucinda , Templeton Michael R. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that is endemic in 78 countries and affects almost 240 million people worldwide. It has been acknowledged that an integrated approach that goes beyond drug treatment is needed to achieve control and eventual elimination of the disease. Improving hygiene has been encouraged by World Health Organisation, and one aspect of good hygiene is using soap during water-contact activities, such as bathing and doing laundry. This hygiene practice might directly reduce the skin exposure to cercariae at transmission sites. A systematic review was carried out to investigate the efficacy of soap against schistosome cercariae and to identify the knowledge gaps surrounding this topic.

Methodology
Six online databases were searched between 5th and 8th July of 2021. Records returned from these databases were screened to remove duplicates, and the remaining records were classified by reading titles, abstracts, and full texts to identify the included studies. The results were categorised into two groups based on two different protective mechanisms of soap (namely, damage to cercariae and protection of skin).

Conclusions
Limited research has been conducted on the efficacy of soap against schistosome cercariae and only 11 studies met the criteria to be included in this review. The review demonstrates that soap has the potential of protecting people against schistosome cercariae and there are two protective aspects: (1) soap affects cercariae adversely; (2) soap on the skin prevents cercariae from penetrating the skin, developing into adult worms and producing eggs. Both aspects of protection were influenced by many factors, but the differences in the reported experimental conditions, such as the cercarial endpoint measurement used and the cercaria numbers used per water sample, lead to low comparability between the previous studies. This review indicates that more evidence is needed to inform hygiene advice for people living in schistosomiasis endemic areas.
Prolonged diarrhea among under-five children in Bangladesh: Burden and risk factors
Authors: Hossain Md. Iqbal , Faruque A. S. G. , Sarmin Monira , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: October 2022

Introduction & background
Prolonged (duration >7 to 13 days) diarrhea (ProD) in under-five children is a universal health problem including Bangladesh. Data on epidemiology and associated or risk factors of ProD are limited, particularly in Bangladesh where a high burden of ProD is reported. This study intended to assess the case load of ProD and its associated or risk factors compared to acute diarrhea (AD, duration ≤7 days).

Methods
We analyzed the data collected between 1996–2014 from a hospital-based Diarrheal-Disease-Surveillance-System (DDSS) in the ‘Dhaka Hospital’ of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases, Bangladesh (icddr,b). The DDSS enrolled a 2% systematic sample, regardless of age, sex, and diarrhea severity. The data included information on socio-demographic factors, environmental history, clinical characteristics, nutritional status, and diarrhea-pathogens. After cleaning of data, relevant information of 21,566 under-five children were available who reported with ≤13 days diarrhea (including AD and ProD), and their data were analyzed. Variables found significantly associated with ProD compared to AD in bi-variate analysis were used in logistic regression model after checking the multicollinearity between independent variables.

Results
The mean±SD age of the children was 14.9±11.7 months and 40.4% were female; 7.6% had ProD and 92.4% had AD. Age <12 months, mucoid- or bloody-stool, warmer months (April-September), drug used at home before seeking care from hospital, and history of diarrhea within last one month were found associated with ProD (p<0.05); however, rotavirus infection was less common in children with ProD (p<0.05). ProD children more often needed inpatient admission than AD children (14.4 vs. 6.3, p<0.001). Case fatality rate of ProD vs. AD was 0.3% (n = 5) vs. 0.1% (n- = 22) respectively (p = 0.051).

Conclusion
A considerable proportion (7.6%) of under-five children reporting to icddr,b hospital suffered from ProD. Understanding the above-mentioned associated or risk factors is likely to help policy makers formulating appropriate strategies for alleviating the burden and effectively managing ProD in under-five children.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions in fibromyalgia: Protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Souza Mateus B. , Mascarenhas Rodrigo O. , Maia Laisa B. , Fonseca Letícia S. , Silva Hytalo J. , de Zoete Rutger M. J. , McAuley James H. , Henschke Nicholas , Oliveira Vinicius C. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Although several non-pharmacological interventions have been tested in the management of Fibromyalgia (FM), there is little consensus regarding the best options for the treatment of this health condition. The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to investigate the comparative efficacy and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions for FM, in order to assist clinical decision making through a ranking of interventions in relation to the most important clinical outcomes in these patients.

Methods and analysis
We will perform a systematic search to identify randomised controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions endorsed in guidelines and systematic reviews. Information sources searched will include major bibliographic databases without language or date restrictions (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO and PEDro). Our primary outcomes will be pain intensity, patient-reported quality of life (QoL), and acceptability of treatment will be our secondary outcome. Risk of bias of the included trials will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2). For each pairwise comparison between the different interventions, we will present mean differences (MDs) for pain intensity and QoL outcomes and Relative Risks (RRs) for acceptability, both with respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Initially, standard pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using a DerSimonian-Laird random effects model for all comparisons with at least two trials and then we will perform a frequentist NMA using the methodology of multivariate meta-analysis assuming a common heterogeneity parameter, using the mvmeta command and network suite in STATA. In the NMA, two different types of control group, such as placebo/sham and no intervention/waiting list will be combined as one node called “Control”. The competing interventions will be ranked using the P-score, which is the frequentist analogue of surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for the outcomes of interest at immediate- (intervention duration of up to 2 weeks), short- (over 2 weeks up to 12 weeks) and long-terms (over 12 weeks). The confidence in the results from NMA will be assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta‐analysis (CINeMA) framework.

Ethics and dissemination
This work synthesises evidence from previously published studies and does not require ethics review or approval. A manuscript describing the findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Registration
OSF (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7MS25) and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020216374).
Identification of families in need of support: Correlates of adverse childhood experiences in the right@home sustained nurse home visiting program
Authors: Kemp Lynn , Bruce Tracey , Elcombe Emma L. , Byrne Fiona , Scharkie Sheryl A. , Perlen Susan M. , Goldfeld Sharon R. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Little is known about the efficacy of pregnancy screening tools using non-sensitive sociodemographic questions to identify the possible presence of as yet undiagnosed disease in individuals and later adverse childhood events disclosure.

Objectives
The study aims were to: 1) record the prevalence of risk disclosed by families during receipt of a sustained nurse home visiting program; and 2) explore patterns of relationships between the disclosed risks for their child having adverse experiences and the antenatal screening tool, which used non-sensitive demographic questions.

Design
Retrospective, observational study.

Participants and methods
Data about the participants in the intervention arm of the Australian right@home trial, which is scaffolded on the Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-visiting model, collected between 2013 and 2017 were used. Screening data from the 10-item antenatal survey of non-sensitive demographic risk factors and disclosed risks recorded by the nurse in audited case files during the subsequent 2 year intervention were examined (n = 348). Prevalence of disclosed risks for their child having adverse experiences were analysed in 2019 using multiple response frequencies. Phi correlations were conducted to test associations between screening factors and disclosed risks.

Results
Among the 348 intervention participants whose files were audited, 300 were noted by nurses to have disclosed risks during the intervention, with an average of four disclosures. The most prevalent maternal disclosures were depression or anxiety (57.8%). Mental health issues were the most prevalent partner and family disclosures. Screening tool questions on maternal smoking in pregnancy, not living with another adult, poverty and self-reporting anxious mood were significantly associated with a number of disclosed risks for their child having adverse experiences.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that a non-sensitive sociodemographic screening tool may help to identify families at higher risk for adverse childhood experiences for whom support from a sustained nurse home visiting program may be beneficial.
Efficacy of a Traction Device for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Using a Scissor-Type Knife: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tamaru Yuzuru , Kuwai Toshio , Miyakawa Akihiro , Kanazawa Noriyoshi , Kusunoki Ryusaku , Shimura Haruhisa , Uchiyama Shiori , Ishaq Sauid , Kohno Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Although safe, colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using a scissor-type knife has a slow resection speed. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a traction device to hasten the resection speed.

METHODS:
This multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted at 3 Japanese institutions. Patients with a 20–50-mm superficial colorectal tumor were enrolled and randomly assigned to a conventional-ESD (C-ESD) group or a traction-assisted ESD (T-ESD) group. The primary outcome was the resection speed.

RESULTS:
The C-ESD and T-ESD groups comprised 49 and 48 patients, respectively. Although the mean resection speed was not significantly different in the entire cohort between the groups (23.7 vs 25.6 mm2/min, respectively; P = 0.43), it was significantly faster with T-ESD than with C-ESD at the cecum (32.4 vs 16.7 mm2/min, respectively; P = 0.02). The mean resection speed of tumors ≥30 mm tended to be faster by T-ESD than by C-ESD (34.6 vs 27.8 mm2/min, respectively; P = 0.054). The mean procedure time of T-ESD was significantly shorter than that of C-ESD (47.3 vs 62.3 minutes, respectively; P = 0.03). The en bloc (100% vs 100%), complete (98.0% vs 97.9%), and curative resection (93.9% vs 91.7%) rates were similar between the 2 groups. Perforation and delayed hemorrhage occurred in only 1 patient each in the T-ESD group.

DISCUSSION:
Although the resection rates were sufficiently high and adverse event rates were extremely low in both the groups, the use of a traction device for ESD in the proximal colon and for large lesions may increase the resection speed.