bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross species horizontal gene transfer of bacterial genes during human evolution controls human cell proliferation through long non coding RNA’s, and is responsible for gallbladder carcinogenesis.
Authors: Pandey Manoj , Rajpoot Monika , Dixit Ruhi , Singh Pooja , Shukla Vijay Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Summary

Background

Gallbladder cancer is the commonest cancer of the bile duct, the etiopathogenesis is still debatable. Non coding RNAs are implicated in various carcinogenesis however their role in gallbladder cancer is still not clear.

Methods

Transcriptomic data from gallbladder cancer patients was analyzed for differential expression of long non coding RNA (lncRNA), the data was subjected to cross-species phylogenetic analysis and blast with the bacterial and ancient human genome. Pathway analysis, gene-gene interactions and data and text mining was done for non-conserved non coding genes.

Findings

Of the 16 lncRNA identified as differentially expressed, 7 were found to be phylogenetically of bacterial origin appeared to be acquired by horizontal gene transfer during evolution. These genes were identified in both Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis with dissimilarities. Functional analysis of these gene showed them to regulate various biological and genetic process that appear to promote gallbladder carcinogenesis.

Interpretation

This is the first study that shows that 7 of the human lncRNA are probably of bacterial origin and has been passed to Homo sapiens through ancestry and part of these has been acquired during human evaluation. These genes regulate the transcription and post transcriptional vital RNA, protein functions and thus may induce gallbladder carcinogenesis.
Sacral chordoma, an unusual cause of neurogenic bladder: A case report
Authors: Jelleli Nejmeddine , Mnasser Aymen , Sakly Aymen , Slama Meriem , Fouli Sarra , Chouaya Ines , Jellali Bilel , Chouaya Sabrine , Binous Mohamed Yassine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction and importance: Sacral chordoma is a rare tumor arising from notochord remnants. Scaral pain is the most common sign. We report the case of a sacral chordoma diagnosed in a urology department. It was a rare cause of erectile dysfunction and it was unusually reaveled by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Case presentation: A 67-year-old man had severe dysuria associated with erectile dysfunction. On digital rectal examination, we palpated a mass protruding through the posterior wall of the rectum. The gluteal region is infiltrated by a firm mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an osteolytic sacral tumor. A percutaneous biopsy of the tumor was performed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chordoma. Patient had palliative radiotherapy. One year after radiotherapy, he had rectal stenosis associated with severe constipation.
Clinical Discussion: Sacral chordoma is a rare malignant tumor. Sacralgia is the most common sign. LUTS and erectile dysfunction were rarely reported in patients affected by this bon tumor. MRI is very suggestive of this pathology. Diagnostic confirmation requires pathological examination. The curative management consists in a large resection of the tumor. For inextricable tumor, palliative radiotherapy can be carried out. The prognosis of chordoma is defined by a high recurrence potential and a low metastatic risk.
Conclusions: Sacral chordoma is a rare bon tumor. It is an unusual cause for LUTS and erectile dysfunction. Complete tumor excision is the only curative treatment. Recurrence after treatment is the main challenge for surgeons.
Prognostic Factors in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Rasheed Modar Haj , Aldouh Maher , Aldeen Mohammad Assd , Ali Ayman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Cirrhosis is defined by fibrosis and nodule development in the liver as a result of persistent damage, changing the liver lobule's natural structure. Portal hypertension and hyperdynamic circulation are the key factors that contribute to morbidity and death in cirrhotic individuals. Secondary to cirrhosis and alterations in intrahepatic and systemic vascular structures that lead to the creation of collateral circulation and hyperdynamic circulation, portal hypertension occurs. We want to correlate the most significant cirrhosis prognostic indicators with many of the ocular characteristics we looked at in this study.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 319 liver cirrhosis patients who received care at Damascus Hospital between 2015 and 2022 made up the sample.
Results
According to the findings, there is a statistically significant link between prognosis and both the Child Pugh index and patient symptoms (P < 0.05). Regarding the association between prognosis and the patient's vital signs, age, and duration of hospital stay, we were unable to detect any association between these factors.
Conclusion
In order to keep patients with cirrhosis from progressing to later stages of the illness, it is important to evaluate them early. The prognosis of patients was worsened by the more disturbed the Child Pugh criteria were.
Research and Application of Spherical 2R Mechanism based on Conformal Geometric Algebra
Authors: Tong Zhipeng , Yu Gaohong , Liu Jiangang , Zhao Xiong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It’s complex to model and solve spherical 2R mechanism on the strength of given positions and attitude angles of endpoints. In this paper, the spherical 2R mechanism is synthetically studied by using conformal geometry algebra, and applied to the design of a seedling pick-up mechanism. Starting from the given key points, the range of the spherical radius where the mechanism moves was studied. The scope was narrowed down as the structural parameters of the mechanism and the interference conditions between the end-effector and the seedling tray. Then, the mathematical model of 2R were established according to the given data. The data of fixed point and rod length were calculated. Furthermore, genetic algorithm was used to select the better fuzzy point with large attitude angle in seedling pushing stage. Finally, a three-dimensional model was established through the parameters of the mechanism and verified by simulation.
Transient characteristics during start-up of dual pumps in the prefabricated pumping station
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Rui , Kang Can 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work presents a numerical analysis of transient flow fields in the prefabricated pumping station with two identical pumps to clarify the flow evolution process during the start-up using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The disturbance between neighboring components and external characteristics of the pump were analyzed and compared. The results demonstrate that the increase of pump head can be divided into two stages: lagging behind the increase of impeller speed and rapid increase of pump head. There is apparent interference between the two pumps, which not only affects the internal flow field distribution of the prefabricated pump station but also severely impacts the pump's performance. The transient impact during the pump start-up threatens the safety of the components of the prefabricated pump station, and the interaction between the pumps causes the pump to deviate from the design working condition. The investigation of results of the complex flow in the prefabricated pumping station during start-up is of great reference to improving the design of the prefabricated pumping station.
Construction of pollution risk early warning model for urban drinking water supply chain
Authors: Cao Yongxiao , Zhang Xianglong , Chen Zihan , Zhang Zhixiao , Wei Huaibin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency of urban drinking water safety monitoring and early warning management, a pollution risk early warning model of urban drinking water supply chain is proposed. Firstly, the current situation of urban drinking water supply is analyzed and the causes of pollution are analyzed. Then, the autoregressive model is used to predict the time series of multiple water quality indicators by constantly introducing new monitoring data modes for the residual vector group, the outlier scores of each vector group are obtained by using the isolated forest algorithm to judge whether the water quality is abnormal or not, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the level of the abnormal situation and carry out the corresponding level early warning. The experimental results show that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve can reach 0.919 when using the prediction residual vector group of turbidity and conductivity to detect the numerical changes of water quality parameters in the drinking water supply chain, accurately predict the abnormal data, make early warning, and provide the guarantee for the survival of urban residents and urban development.
A Review on Modern Approaches to Benzimidazole Synthesis
Authors: Venugopal Sneha , Kaur Balwinder , Verma Anil , Wadhwa Pankaj , Sahu Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:Cancer is the second most source of cessation of life globally, with 9.6 million expirations at each stage around the globe. The resistance to the current chemotherapies urges researchers to develop new drugs to be available in the market. Among the wide range of drugs synthesized, heterocyclic compounds play a major role due to the abundance of heterocyclic rings in biological substances. In medicinal chemistry, benzimidazole is an important pharmacophore and a privileged structure. This bicyclic compound is made up of the fusion of a six-membered benzene ring and a five-membered imidazole ring with two nitrogen atoms at 1,3-positions. The benzimidazole ring has a great deal of stability. Many strong acids and alkalis do not affect benzimidazoles. The benzene ring of benzimidazole cleaves only under extreme conditions. Except in certain circumstances, the benzimidazole ring is also quite resistant to reduction. It is the most popular nucleus to study because of its wide range of biological functions. The recently developed methods for preparing benzimidazoles, such as condensation of o-phenylene diamines (OPDs) with aldehydes and many others using a wide range of nano, metal-based catalysts under solventfree conditions, are discussed in detail in the current studies.
Neural Network-based Optimization of Silybum Marianum Extract-loaded
Chitosan Particles: Modeling, Preparation and Antioxidant Evaluation
Authors: Hanafi Ali , Safa Kazem D. , Rezazadeh Shamsali 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Silymarin is a flavonolignan extracted from Silybum marianum with various
therapeutic applications. Many studies have focused on improving the bioavailability of silymarin
due to its wide range of efficacy and low bioavailability. Chitosan, a naturally occurring
polymeric substance, has a strong reputation for increasing the solubility of poorly soluble compounds.

Objective:
This study used artificial neural networks (ANNs) to measure the effects of pH, chitosan
to silymarin ratio, chitosan to tripolyphosphate ratio, and stirring time on the loading efficiency
of silymarin into chitosan particles.

Methods:
A model was developed to investigate the interactions between input factors and silymarin
loading efficiency. The DPPH method was utilized to determine the antioxidant activity of
an optimized formula and pure raw materials.

Results:
According to the outcome of the ANN model, pH and the chitosan to silymarin ratio
demonstrated significant effects on loading efficiency. In addition, increased stirring time decreased
silymarin loading, whereas the chitosan-to-tripolyphosphate ratio showed a negligible effect
on loading efficiency.

Conclusion:
Maximum loading efficiency occurred at a pH of approximately~5. Moreover, silymarin-
loaded chitosan particles with a lower IC50 value (36.17 ± 0.02 ppm) than pure silymarin
(165.04 ± 0.07 ppm) demonstrated greater antioxidant activity.
Off-label Use of Oral Immunotherapy for Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma
due to Grass Pollen: A Safe and Effective Alternative in Patients over 65
Years Old: A Series of Case Reports
Authors: González-Bravo Lucía , García Jimena Laiseca , Privitera Martina , Rosado Ana 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma are the most common IgE-mediated
diseases worldwide. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only modifying treatment
for these IgE-mediated diseases in both children and adults. Subcutaneous immunotherapy is
widely used, but in patients over 65 years old, there may be an increased risk of adverse reactions
and a worse response to treatment. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been proven to be effective and
safe, but currently, in most countries, it has been licensed only for patients up to 65 years old based
on its technical datasheet. So far, no studies on the efficacy and safety of this type of immunotherapy
in patients older than 65 years old have been published.

Case Presentation:
We present four patients older than 65 years old with a diagnosis of moderate
seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis and moderate-persistent seasonal pollen-induced asthma. Off-label use
of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for grass pollen was prescribed due to the severity of their rhinoconjunctivitis
symptoms and the worsening of asthma symptoms during the spring. Improvement in the
rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms was reported by all patients since the first spring season
and was maintained during the following two years of follow-up. There were no systemic reactions,
and only two patients initially had self-limiting oral pruritus.

Conclusion:
Oral immunotherapy for pollens appears to be a convenient, effective, and safe option
in older patients (>65 years) with comorbidities after a three-year treatment. This is, to the best of
our knowledge, the first report on the off-label use of OIT in patients over 65 years old with symptoms
of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Red Cell Distribution Width to Platelet Ratio for Detection of Liver Fibrosis Compared with Fibroscan in Chronic Hepatitis B Egyptian patients
Authors: Gabr Amira Kamal , Hawash Nehad Ibrahim , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Badawi Rehab , Soliman Hanan Hamed 
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:
The decision to treat chronic hepatitis B Virus infection (CHB) may necessitate an assessment of the degree of liver fibrosis. Guidelines recommend Fibroscan examination in such cases. However, it is costly and not widely available. Red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet count are simple parameters obtained from the blood pictures; and their ratio RDW to platelet ratio (RPR) was claimed to correlate with liver fibrosis. We aimed to assess the ability of RPR to replace the costly fibroscan in the detection of significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Tropical medicine department, Tanta University, Egypt, between December 2018 and September 2019. One hundred and twenty-five patients with CHB were included and divided according to the fibroscan examination into: Group I: patients with no significant fibrosis (n=66), Group II: patients with significant (≥ F2) fibrosis (n=59). RPR was calculated for all patients and tested against Fibroscan results.

Results:
Both groups were matched in regards to age, sex, viral load, and steatosis. There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of stiffness measured by FibroScan in patients with a significant degree of fibrosis and serum bilirubin, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA PCR), and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4 score) (P value= 0.020, 0.049, and 0.0402, respectively). However, RPR was not correlated to the degree of fibrosis in fibroscan examination.

Conclusions:
The accuracy of RDW to platelet ratio (RPR) for the detection of fibrosis in CHB patients is questionable. FIB-4 is correlated with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in patients with significant fibrosis (F2 or more). Neither RPR, AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) or FIB4 can replace fibroscan for grading of fibrosis in CHB patients for evaluation to start therapy.
Pain Assessment Using Virtual Reality Facemask During Bone Marrow Aspiration: Prospective Study Including Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Soret Lou , Gendron Nicolas , Rivet Nadia , Chocron Richard , Macraigne Laure , Clausse Darless , Cholley Bernard , Gaussem Pascale , Smadja David M , Darnige Luc 
Published: October 2022

Background
Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is a medical procedure necessary to the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with hematological or nonhematological disorders. This procedure is considered painful, and patients are generally anxious before and during BMA.

Objective
This study assesses the effect of immersive virtual reality on pain during BMA.

Methods
This observational prospective and monocentric study enrolled 105 consecutive patients who underwent sternal BMA with lidocaine anesthesia. The study was carried on during 2 periods. First, virtual reality facemask (VRF) was proposed to all patients in the absence of exclusion criteria. During the second period, BMA was performed without the VRF. For all patients, pain intensity after the procedure was assessed using a 10-point numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). All analyses were performed on propensity score–matched cohort (with or without VRF) to evaluate efficacy on NRPS levels.

Results
The final matched cohort included 12 patients in the VRF group and 24 in the control group. No difference in anxiety level before BMA evaluated by the patient and by the operator was observed between groups (P=.71 and .42 respectively). No difference of NPRS was observed using VRF when compared to control group (median NPRS 3.8, IQR 2.0-6.3 vs 3.0, IQR 1.9-3.0, respectively; P=.09).

Conclusions
Our study did not prove the efficacy of VRF to reduce pain during BMA.
Behavior Change Training for Health Professionals: Evaluation of a 2-Hour Workshop
Authors: Mullan Barbara , Liddelow Caitlin , Haywood Darren , Breare Hayley 
Published: October 2022

Background
Rates of noncommunicable diseases continue to rise worldwide. Many of these diseases are a result of engaging in risk behaviors. Without lifestyle and behavioral intervention, noncommunicable diseases can worsen and develop into more debilitating diseases. Behavioral interventions are an effective strategy to reduce the burden of disease. Behavior change techniques can be described as the “active ingredients” in behavior change and address the components that need to be altered in order for the target behavior to change. Health professionals, such as pharmacists and nurses, can engage in opportunistic behavior change with their patients, to encourage positive health behaviors.

Objective
We aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a behavior change workshop targeted at health professionals in Australia, with the goal of increasing knowledge of behavior change techniques and psychological variables.

Methods
A prospective study design was used to develop and evaluate a 2-hour behavior change workshop targeted at health professionals. The workshop was developed based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior Model and had five core objectives: (1) to detail the role of health professionals in delivering optimal care, (2) to demonstrate opportunities to change behavior, (3) to describe principles of behavior change, (4) to explain behavior change techniques, and (5) to determine the most appropriate behavior change techniques to use and when to use them. A total of 10 workshops were conducted. To evaluate the workshops and identify any potential long-term changes in behavior, we collected pre- and postworkshop data on knowledge and psychological constructs from the attendees.

Results
A final sample of 41 health professionals comprising general practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists completed the pre- and postworkshop surveys. Following the workshops, there were significant improvements in knowledge of behavior change techniques (t40=–5.27, P<.001), subjective norms (t40=–3.49, P=.001), descriptive norms (t40=–3.65, P<.001), perceived behavioral control (t40=–3.30, P=.002), and intention (t36=–3.32, P=.002); each had a large effect size. There was no significant difference in postworkshop attitude (t40=0.78, P=.44). The participants also found the workshops to be highly acceptable.

Conclusions
A 2-hour, theoretically informed workshop designed to facilitate the use of behavior change techniques by health professionals was shown to be largely effective. The workshops resulted in increases in knowledge, descriptive and subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention, but not in attitude. The intervention was also shown to be highly acceptable, with the large majority of participants deeming the intervention to be needed, useful, appropriate, and applicable, as well as interesting and worth their time. Future research should examine the lasting impacts of the workshop on health professionals’ practices.
Modern challenges of higher legal education
Authors: Galstyan Inessa Shagenovna , Klyukovskaya Irina Nikolaevna , Melekayev Ruslan Kurmanovich , Ter-Avanesova Irina Nikolaevna , Cherkashin Yevgeny Yurievich 
Published: October 2022

The article considers external and internal impacts on modern society that create unique conditions for its functioning, i.e. a combination of exponential information-technological development and the COVID-19 unstable dynamics. Assuming an objectively conditioned coexistence of modern challenges and social society with its most important institutions, the authors of the article conduct a comprehensive interdisciplinary study. This allows them to trace the mutual influence of internal socio-psychological properties and external institutional forms of society management provided by the system of legal regulation. The authors have analyzed the modernization of the most important social institution that regulates the socialization of a personality (education), the transformation of its goals, objectives, mechanisms, methods and tools. As a result, the authors have concluded that the popularization of digital technologies is objectively and naturally predetermined by new goals and objectives of this social institution in modern conditions. However, it requires a transformation of the current regulatory framework.
Auditing the Derivative Usage of Bank-Holding Companies
Authors: Hairston Stephanie , Johnston Joseph A. , Zhang Joseph H. 
Published: October 2022

SYNOPSIS
Auditing financial derivatives is complex and contentious. Our study examines the impact of derivative use on the risk premium charged by auditors of bank-holding companies (BHCs). We find that audit fees are higher regardless of whether derivative instruments are used for hedging and trading. This implies that auditors charge BHCs that use derivatives a risk premium to compensate for additional risk related to these instruments. We also find that trading derivatives tend to have a higher risk premium than hedging derivatives. Our results suggest that auditors price risks related to derivatives, and trading derivatives are perceived to be higher risk than hedging derivatives.
Data Availability: All data are available from public databases identified in the paper.
JEL Classifications: G21; M40; M41.