bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal CTC detection using stem cell antigen-specific immunosilica particles and immunofluorescent quantum dots
Authors: Sobhanan Jeladhara , Takano Yuta , Sugino Sakiko , Hirata Eri , Yamamura Shohei , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmid the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer continues to be the most devastating disease worldwide. Liquid biopsy of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has recently become a painless and noninvasive tool for obtaining carcinoma cell samples for molecular profiling. Here, we report efficient detection and collection of cancer cells in blood samples by combining stem cell antigen (CD44)-specific immunosilica particles and immunofluorescent quantum dots with spectrally and temporally resolved single-photon counting. We accurately detect 1–10 cells among 100 cancer cells of the breast, lungs, or cervix in 1 mL blood samples. In addition, the bright and narrowband emission of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots enables temporally and spectrally resolved photon counting for multiplexed cancer cell detection. The cancer cell-specific and large immunosilica particles helped us collect the specific cells. We validate the detection efficiency and multimodality of this strategy by time-stamped and energy-dispersed single-photon counting of orange- and red-emitting quantum dots and green-fluorescing nuclei stained with Syto-13/25 dye. Thus, the present work highlights the prospects of multimodal CTC detection for noninvasive cancer screening and postsurgical or therapeutic follow-up.
A measurement strategy to address disparities across household energy burdens
Authors: Scheier Eric , Kittner Noah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnergy inequity is an issue of increasing urgency. Few policy-relevant datasets evaluate the energy burden of typical American households. Here, we develop a framework using Net Energy Analysis and household socioeconomic data to measure systematic energy inequity among critical groups that need policy attention. We find substantial instances of energy poverty in the United States – 16% of households experience energy poverty as presently defined as spending more than 6% of household income on energy expenditures. More than 5.2 million households above the Federal Poverty Line face energy poverty, disproportionately burdening Black, Hispanic, and Native American communities. For solar, wind, and energy efficiency to address socioeconomic mobility, programs must reduce energy expenditures by expanding eligibility requirements for support and access to improved conservation measures, efficiency upgrades, and distributed renewables. We recommend the United States develop a more inclusive federal energy poverty categorization that increases assistance for household energy costs.
Observation of second sound in graphite over 200 K
Authors: Ding Zhiwei , Chen Ke , Song Bai , Shin Jungwoo , Maznev Alexei A. , Nelson Keith A. , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSecond sound refers to the phenomenon of heat propagation as temperature waves in the phonon hydrodynamic transport regime. We directly observe second sound in graphite at temperatures of over 200 K using a sub-picosecond transient grating technique. The experimentally determined dispersion relation of the thermal-wave velocity increases with decreasing grating period, consistent with first-principles-based solution of the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation. Through simulation, we reveal this increase as a result of thermal zero sound—the thermal waves due to ballistic phonons. Our experimental findings are well explained with the interplay among three groups of phonons: ballistic, diffusive, and hydrodynamic phonons. Our ab initio calculations further predict a large isotope effect on the properties of thermal waves and the existence of second sound at room temperature in isotopically pure graphite.
Can electric fields drive chemistry for an aqueous microdroplet?
Authors: Hao Hongxia , Leven Itai , Head-Gordon Teresa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReaction rates of common organic reactions have been reported to increase by one to six orders of magnitude in aqueous microdroplets compared to bulk solution, but the reasons for the rate acceleration are poorly understood. Using a coarse-grained electron model that describes structural organization and electron densities for water droplets without the expense of ab initio methods, we investigate the electric field distributions at the air-water interface to understand the origin of surface reactivity. We find that electric field alignments along free O–H bonds at the surface are ~16 MV/cm larger on average than that found for O–H bonds in the interior of the water droplet. Furthermore, electric field distributions can be an order of magnitude larger than the average due to non-linear coupling of intramolecular solvent polarization with intermolecular solvent modes which may contribute to even greater surface reactivity for weakening or breaking chemical bonds at the droplet surface.
Identification of a Kitaev quantum spin liquid by magnetic field angle dependence
Authors: Hwang Kyusung , Go Ara , Seong Ji Heon , Shibauchi Takasada , Moon Eun-Gook 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantum spin liquids realize massive entanglement and fractional quasiparticles from localized spins, proposed as an avenue for quantum science and technology. In particular, topological quantum computations are suggested in the non-abelian phase of Kitaev quantum spin liquid with Majorana fermions, and detection of Majorana fermions is one of the most outstanding problems in modern condensed matter physics. Here, we propose a concrete way to identify the non-abelian Kitaev quantum spin liquid by magnetic field angle dependence. Topologically protected critical lines exist on a plane of magnetic field angles, and their shapes are determined by microscopic spin interactions. A chirality operator plays a key role in demonstrating microscopic dependences of the critical lines. We also show that the chirality operator can be used to evaluate topological properties of the non-abelian Kitaev quantum spin liquid without relying on Majorana fermion descriptions. Experimental criteria for the non-abelian spin liquid state are provided for future experiments.
HIF-1 Interacts with TRIM28 and DNA-PK to release paused RNA polymerase II and activate target gene transcription in response to hypoxia
Authors: Yang Yongkang , Lu Haiquan , Chen Chelsey , Lyu Yajing , Cole Robert N. , Semenza Gregg L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that acts as a regulator of oxygen (O2) homeostasis in metazoan species by binding to hypoxia response elements (HREs) and activating the transcription of hundreds of genes in response to reduced O2 availability. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) initiates transcription of many HIF target genes under non-hypoxic conditions but pauses after approximately 30–60 nucleotides and requires HIF-1 binding for release. Here we report that in hypoxic breast cancer cells, HIF-1 recruits TRIM28 and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) to HREs to release paused Pol II. We show that HIF-1α and TRIM28 assemble the catalytically-active DNA-PK heterotrimer, which phosphorylates TRIM28 at serine-824, enabling recruitment of CDK9, which phosphorylates serine-2 of the Pol II large subunit C-terminal domain as well as the negative elongation factor to release paused Pol II, thereby stimulating productive transcriptional elongation. Our studies reveal a molecular mechanism by which HIF-1 stimulates gene transcription and reveal that the anticancer effects of drugs targeting DNA-PK in breast cancer may be due in part to their inhibition of HIF-dependent transcription.
Electronic nature of charge density wave and electron-phonon coupling in kagome superconductor KV3Sb5
Authors: Luo Hailan , Gao Qiang , Liu Hongxiong , Gu Yuhao , Wu Dingsong , Yi Changjiang , Jia Junjie , Wu Shilong , Luo Xiangyu , Xu Yu , Zhao Lin , Wang Qingyan , Mao Hanqing , Liu Guodong , Zhu Zhihai , Shi Youguo , Jiang Kun , Hu Jiangping , Xu Zuyan , Zhou X. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) have received enormous attention due to their nontrivial topological electronic structure, anomalous physical properties and superconductivity. Unconventional charge density wave (CDW) has been detected in AV3Sb5. High-precision electronic structure determination is essential to understand its origin. Here we unveil electronic nature of the CDW phase in our high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements on KV3Sb5. We have observed CDW-induced Fermi surface reconstruction and the associated band folding. The CDW-induced band splitting and the associated gap opening have been revealed at the boundary of the pristine and reconstructed Brillouin zones. The Fermi surface- and momentum-dependent CDW gap is measured and the strongly anisotropic CDW gap is observed for all the V-derived Fermi surface. In particular, we have observed signatures of the electron-phonon coupling in KV3Sb5. These results provide key insights in understanding the nature of the CDW state and its interplay with superconductivity in AV3Sb5 superconductors.
Ductal carcinoma in situ: a risk prediction model for the underestimation of invasive breast cancer
Authors: Park Ko Woon , Kim Seon Woo , Han Heewon , Park Minsu , Han Boo-Kyung , Ko Eun Young , Choi Ji Soo , Cho Eun Yoon , Cho Soo Youn , Ko Eun Sook 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with a biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer after excision. We evaluated the preoperative clinical and imaging predictors of DCIS that were associated with an upgrade to invasive carcinoma on final pathology and also compared the diagnostic performance of various statistical models. We reviewed the medical records; including mammography, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings; of 644 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with DCIS and who underwent surgery between January 2012 and September 2018. Logistic regression and three machine learning methods were applied to predict DCIS underestimation. Among 644 DCIS biopsies, 161 (25%) underestimated invasive breast cancers. In multivariable analysis, suspicious axillary lymph nodes (LNs) on US (odds ratio [OR], 12.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.94–29.95; P < 0.001) and high nuclear grade (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.24–2.91; P = 0.003) were associated with underestimation. Cases with biopsy performed using vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.65; P < 0.001) and lesion size <2 cm on mammography (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22–0.90; P = 0.021) and MRI (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09–0.94; P = 0.037) were less likely to be upgraded. No significant differences in performance were observed between logistic regression and machine learning models. Our results suggest that biopsy device, high nuclear grade, presence of suspicious axillary LN on US, and lesion size on mammography or MRI were independent predictors of DCIS underestimation.
All-fiber source and sorter for multimode correlated photons
Authors: Sulimany Kfir , Bromberg Yaron 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhotons occupying multiple spatial modes hold a great promise for implementing high-dimensional quantum communication. We use spontaneous four-wave mixing to generate multimode photon pairs in a few-mode fiber. We show the photons are correlated in the fiber mode basis using an all-fiber mode sorter. Our demonstration offers an essential building block for realizing high-dimensional quantum protocols based on standard, commercially available fibers, in an all-fiber configuration.
Native point defects and their implications for the Dirac point gap at MnBi2Te4(0001)
Authors: Garnica M. , Otrokov M. M. , Aguilar P. Casado , Klimovskikh I. I. , Estyunin D. , Aliev Z. S. , Amiraslanov I. R. , Abdullayev N. A. , Zverev V. N. , Babanly M. B. , Mamedov N. T. , Shikin A. M. , Arnau A. , de Parga A. L. Vázquez , Chulkov E. V. , Miranda R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the surface crystalline and electronic structures of the antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), micro(μ)-laser angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory calculations. Our STM images reveal native point defects at the surface that we identify as BiTe antisites and MnBi substitutions. Bulk X-ray diffraction further evidences the presence of the Mn-Bi intermixing. Overall, our characterizations suggest that the defects concentration is nonuniform within crystals and differs from sample to sample. Consistently, the ARPES and STS experiments reveal that the Dirac point gap of the topological surface state is different for different samples and sample cleavages, respectively. Our calculations show that the antiparallel alignment of the MnBi moments with respect to those of the Mn layer can indeed cause a strong reduction of the Dirac point gap size. The present study provides important insights into a highly debated issue of the MnBi2Te4 Dirac point gap.
Revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is associated with an increased risk of abscess and lymphadenopathy
Authors: Villanueva Paola , Wadia Ushma , Crawford Nigel , Messina Nicole L. , Kollmann Tobias R. , Lucas Michaela , Manning Laurens , Richmond Peter , Pittet Laure F. , Curtis Nigel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe reported frequency and types of adverse events following initial vaccination and revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) varies worldwide. Using active surveillance in a randomised controlled trial of BCG vaccination (the BRACE trial), we determined the incidence and risk factors for the development of BCG injection site abscess and regional lymphadenopathy. Injection site abscess occurred in 3% of 1387 BCG-vaccinated participants; the majority (34/41, 83%) resolved without treatment. The rate was higher in BCG-revaccinated participants (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7–7.5), in whom abscess onset was also earlier (median 16 vs. 27 days, p = 0.008). No participant with an abscess had a positive interferon-gamma release assay. Regional lymphadenopathy occurred in 48/1387 (3%) of BCG-vaccinated participants, with a higher rate in revaccinated participants (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9). BCG-associated lymphadenopathy, but not injection site abscess, was influenced by age and sex. A previous positive tuberculin skin test was not associated with local reactions. The increased risk of injection site abscess or lymphadenopathy following BCG revaccination is relevant to BCG vaccination policy in an era when BCG is increasingly being considered for novel applications.
Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia
Authors: Guarino-Vignon Perle , Marchi Nina , Bendezu-Sarmiento Julio , Heyer Evelyne , Bon Céline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince prehistoric times, southern Central Asia has been at the crossroads of the movement of people, culture, and goods. Today, the Central Asian populations are divided into two cultural and linguistic groups: the Indo-Iranian and the Turko-Mongolian groups. Previous genetic studies unveiled that migrations from East Asia contributed to the spread of Turko-Mongolian populations in Central Asia and the partial replacement of the Indo-Iranian populations. However, little is known about the origin of the latters. To shed light on this, we compare the genetic data on two current-day Indo-Iranian populations — Yaghnobis and Tajiks — with genome-wide data from published ancient individuals. The present Indo-Iranian populations from Central Asia display a strong genetic continuity with Iron Age samples from Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. We model Yaghnobis as a mixture of 93% Iron Age individual from Turkmenistan and 7% from Baikal. For the Tajiks, we observe a higher Baikal ancestry and an additional admixture event with a South Asian population. Our results, therefore, suggest that in addition to a complex history, Central Asia shows a remarkable genetic continuity since the Iron Age, with only limited gene flow.
Survival, treatment regimens and medical costs of women newly diagnosed with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Hsu Ju-Yi , Chang Chee-Jen , Cheng Jur-Shan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) suffer worse survival rates than their metastatic non-TNBC counterparts. There is little information on survival, treatment patterns, and medical costs of mTNBC patients in Asia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine 5-year survival, regimens of first-line systemic therapy, and healthcare costs of mTNBC patients in Taiwan. Adult females newly diagnosed with TNBC and non-TNBC as well as their survival data, treatment regimens and costs of health services were identified and retrieved from the Cancer Registry database, Death Registry database, and National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database. A total of 9691 (19.27%) women were identified as TNBC among overall BC. The 5-year overall survival rate of TNBC and non-TNBC was 81.28% and 86.50%, respectively, and that of mTNBC and metastatic non-TNBC was 10.81% and 33.46%, respectively. The majority of mTNBC patients received combination therapy as their first-line treatment (78.14%). The 5-year total cost in patients with metastatic non-TNBC and with mTNBC was NTD1,808,693 and NTD803,445, respectively. Higher CCI scores were associated with an increased risk of death and lower probability of receiving combination chemotherapy. Older age was associated with lower 5-year medical costs. In sum, mTNBC patients suffered from poorer survival and incurred lower medical costs than their metastatic non-TNBC counterparts. Future research will be needed when there are more treatment options available for mTNBC patients.
Opto-electrical bimodal recording of neural activity in awake head-restrained mice
Authors: Cobar Luis Fernando , Kashef Alireza , Bose Krishnashish , Tashiro Ayumu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectrical and optical monitoring of neural activity is major approaches for studying brain functions. Each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, such as the ability to determine cell types and temporal resolution. Although opto-electrical bimodal recording is beneficial by enabling us to exploit the strength of both approaches, it has not been widely used. In this study, we devised three methods of bimodal recording from a deep brain structure in awake head-fixed mice by chronically implanting a gradient-index (GRIN) lens and electrodes. First, we attached four stainless steel electrodes to the side of a GRIN lens and implanted them in a mouse expressing GCaMP6f in astrocytes. We simultaneously recorded local field potential (LFP) and GCaMP6f signal in astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 area. Second, implanting a silicon probe electrode mounted on a custom-made microdrive within the focal volume of a GRIN lens, we performed bimodal recording in the CA1 area. We monitored LFP and fluorescent changes of GCaMP6s-expressing neurons in the CA1. Third, we designed a 3D-printed scaffold to serve as a microdrive for a silicon probe and a holder for a GRIN lens. This scaffold simplifies the implantation process and makes it easier to place the lens and probe accurately. Using this method, we recorded single unit activity and LFP electrically and GCaMP6f signals of single neurons optically. Thus, we show that these opto-electrical bimodal recording methods using a GRIN lens and electrodes are viable approaches in awake head-fixed mice.
Cortical morphology predicts placebo response in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cherkasova Mariya V. , Fu Jessie F. , Jarrett Michael , Johnson Poljanka , Abel Shawna , Tam Roger , Rauscher Alexander , Sossi Vesna , Kolind Shannon , Li David K. B. , Sadovnick A. Dessa , Machan Lindsay , Girard J. Marc , Emond Francois , Vosoughi Reza , Traboulsee Anthony , Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite significant insights into the neural mechanisms of acute placebo responses, less is known about longer-term placebo responses, such as those seen in clinical trials, or their interactions with brain disease. We examined brain correlates of placebo responses in a randomized trial of a then controversial and now disproved endovascular treatment for multiple sclerosis. Patients received either balloon or sham extracranial venoplasty and were followed for 48 weeks. Venoplasty had no therapeutic effect, but a subset of both venoplasty- and sham-treated patients reported a transient improvement in health-related quality of life, suggesting a placebo response. Placebo responders did not differ from non-responders in total MRI T2 lesion load, count or location, nor were there differences in normalized brain volume, regional grey or white matter volume or cortical thickness (CT). However, responders had higher lesion activity. Graph theoretical analysis of CT covariance showed that non-responders had a more small-world-like CT architecture. In non-responders, lesion load was inversely associated with CT in somatosensory, motor and association areas, precuneus, and insula, primarily in the right hemisphere. In responders, lesion load was unrelated to CT. The neuropathological process in MS may produce in some a cortical configuration less capable of generating sustained placebo responses.
Piezoelectric energy harvester with double cantilever beam undergoing coupled bending-torsion vibrations by width-splitting method
Authors: Song Jiawen , Sun Guihong , Zeng Xin , Li Xiangwen , Bai Quan , Zheng Xuejun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) with double-cantilever-beam (DCB) undergoing coupled bending-torsion vibrations by combining width-splitting method and asymmetric mass, in order that more ambient energy could be harvested from environmental vibration with multiple-frequency excitation. The geometrical dimensions are optimized for PEHDCB, when the maximum of output peak voltages Up-max and resonance frequency difference (Δf0) between the first and second modes are chosen as optimization objectives based on orthogonal test method. The energy harvesting efficiency is evaluated by the proportion of half-power bandwidth and quality factor, and the experimental and simulation results are compared to verify reliability. The Up-max1 and Pp-max1 are increased 25.2% and 57.3% for PEHDCB under the multi-frequency excitation, when the split-width method is applied into PEH with single-cantilever-beam (SCB) undergoing coupled bending-torsion vibrations. The deviations of Up-max1 and f0 are at the ranges of 4.9–14.2% and 2.2–2.5% for PEHDCB under the different mass ratios, and the measurement reliability is acceptable considering incomplete clamping, damping and inevitable assembly effects. The energy harvesting efficiency of PEHDCB presented is much higher than that of the conventional PEHSCB from environmental vibration with multiple-frequency excitation.