bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of winter wheat response to variable sowing dates and densities in a high-yielding environment
Authors: Dueri Sibylle , Brown Hamish , Asseng Senthold , Ewert Frank , Webber Heidi , George Mike , Craigie Rob , Guarin Jose Rafael , Pequeno Diego N L , Stella Tommaso , Ahmed Mukhtar , Alderman Phillip D , Basso Bruno , Berger Andres G , Mujica Gennady Bracho , Cammarano Davide , Chen Yi , Dumont Benjamin , Rezaei Ehsan Eyshi , Fereres Elias , Ferrise Roberto , Gaiser Thomas , Gao Yujing , Garcia-Vila Margarita , Gayler Sebastian , Hochman Zvi , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Kersebaum Kurt C , Nendel Claas , Olesen Jørgen E , Padovan Gloria , Palosuo Taru , Priesack Eckart , Pullens Johannes W M , Rodríguez Alfredo , Rötter Reimund P , Ramos Margarita Ruiz , Semenov Mikhail A , Senapati Nimai , Siebert Stefan , Srivastava Amit Kumar , Stöckle Claudio , Supit Iwan , Tao Fulu , Thorburn Peter , Wang Enli , Weber Tobias Karl David , Xiao Liujun , Zhao Chuang , Zhao Jin , Zhao Zhigan , Zhu Yan , Martre Pierre 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Crop multi-model ensembles (MME) have proven to be effective in increasing the accuracy of simulations in modelling experiments. However, the ability of MME to capture crop responses to changes in sowing dates and densities has not yet been investigated. These management interventions are some of the main levers for adapting cropping systems to climate change. Here, we explore the performance of a MME of 29 wheat crop models to predict the effect of changing sowing dates and rates on yield and yield components, on two sites located in a high-yielding environment in New Zealand. The experiment was conducted for 6 years and provided 50 combinations of sowing date, sowing density and growing season. We show that the MME simulates seasonal growth of wheat well under standard sowing conditions, but fails under early sowing and high sowing rates. The comparison between observed and simulated in-season fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (FIPAR) for early sown wheat shows that the MME does not capture the decrease of crop above ground biomass during winter months due to senescence. Models need to better account for tiller competition for light, nutrients, and water during vegetative growth, and early tiller senescence and tiller mortality, which are exacerbated by early sowing, high sowing densities, and warmer winter temperatures.
Functional phenomics for improved climate resilience in Nordic agriculture
Authors: Roitsch Thomas , Himanen Kristiina , Chawade Aakash , Jaakola Laura , Nehe Ajit , Alexandersson Erik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The five Nordic countries span the most northern region for field cultivation in the world. This presents challenges per se, with short growing seasons, long days, and a need for frost tolerance. Climate change has additionally increased risks for micro-droughts and water logging, as well as pathogens and pests expanding northwards. Thus, Nordic agriculture demands crops that are adapted to the specific Nordic growth conditions and future climate scenarios. A focus on crop varieties and traits important to Nordic agriculture, including the unique resource of nutritious wild crops, can meet these needs. In fact, with a future longer growing season due to climate change, the region could contribute proportionally more to global agricultural production. This also applies to other northern regions, including the Arctic. To address current growth conditions, mitigate impacts of climate change, and meet market demands, the adaptive capacity of crops that both perform well in northern latitudes and are more climate resilient has to be increased, and better crop management systems need to be built. This requires functional phenomics approaches that integrate versatile high-throughput phenotyping, physiology, and bioinformatics. This review stresses key target traits, the opportunities of latitudinal studies, and infrastructure needs for phenotyping to support Nordic agriculture.
The C2H2-type zinc finger protein PhZFP1 regulates cold stress tolerance by modulating galactinol synthesis in Petunia hybrida
Authors: Zhang Huilin , Sun Zheng , Feng Shan , Zhang Junwei , Zhang Fan , Wang Wenen , Hu Huirong , Zhang Wei , Bao Manzhu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The C2H2 zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) play essential roles in regulating cold stress responses. Similarly, raffinose accumulation contributes to freezing stress tolerance. However, the relationship between C2H2 functions and raffinose synthesis in cold tolerance remains uncertain. Here, we report the characterization of the cold-induced C2H2-type zinc finger protein PhZFP1 in Petunia hybrida. PhZFP1 was found to be predominantly localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of PhZFP1 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic petunia lines. In contrast, RNAi mediated suppression of PhZFP1 led to increased cold susceptibility. PhZFP1 regulated the expression of a range of abiotic stress responsive-genes including genes encoding proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and raffinose metabolism. The accumulation of galactinol and raffinose, and the levels of PhGolS1-1 transcripts, were significantly increased in PhZFP1-overexpressing plants and decreased in PhZFP1-RNAi plants under cold stress. Moreover, the galactinol synthase (GolS)-encoding gene PhGolS1-1 was identified as a direct target of PhZFP1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PhZFP1 functions in cold stress tolerance by modulation of galactinol synthesis via regulation of PhGolS1-1. This study also provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying C2H2 zinc finger protein-mediated cold stress tolerance, and has identified a candidate gene for improving cold stress tolerance.
Physical Injuries, Treatment-Seeking, and Perceived Barriers to Treatment in U.S. Army Drill Sergeants
Authors: Elliman Toby D , Cohen Bruce S , Heaton Kristin J , Proctor Susan P 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Drill sergeants work under mentally and physically challenging conditions. The current study examined self-reported rates of physical injuries in drill sergeants; rates of treatment-seeking for injuries; perceived barriers toward treatment-seeking; and associated demographic and environmental factors.

Materials and Methods
Drill sergeants from across all Army basic training locations completed self-report surveys from September to November of 2018. In total, 726 drill sergeants were included in analyses. Drill sergeants indicated whether they had acquired an injury during their time in the drill sergeant role and whether they had sought treatment for all such injuries. Furthermore, drill sergeants rated their agreement with a number of possible perceived barriers to treatment-seeking for physical injuries. Regression models examining each phenomenon included hours of sleep obtained per day; general- and health-specific leadership behaviors of the company command teams; unit cohesion; time as a drill sergeant; duty location; gender; military operational specialty; years in the military; previous combat deployments; and route of assignment. The study was approved by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Board.

Results
In total, 38% of respondents reported acquiring an injury during their time as drill sergeants. Of those who had acquired an injury, 61% reported seeking medical help for all injuries acquired. Injuries were more likely in females (49%) than in males (34%) and less likely in drill sergeants reporting at least 6 hours of sleep (27%) versus those reporting 5 hours (40%) and 4 hours or less (43%). Reported comparisons were significant after controlling for demographic and environmental variables in regression models. The most strongly endorsed perceived barriers to treatment-seeking were “Seeking help would place too much burden on the other drill sergeants” (69%) and “Seeking help would interfere with my ability to train the recruits” (60%). Both of these perceived barriers were significantly associated with reduced treatment-seeking in injured drill sergeants, after controlling for demographic and environmental variables.

Conclusions
This study is the first to examine injury occurrence, treatment-seeking, and perceived barriers to treatment-seeking in U.S. Army drill sergeants. Building on previous studies that showed the negative effects of sleep deprivation on the safety and behavioral health of drill sergeants, the current study gives further evidence of the negative effects of such sleep deprivation, this time in the domain of physical injuries. The results suggest that pursuing strategies that allow for healthier sleep duration may contribute to injury reduction.
Depression, Insomnia, and Obesity Among Post-9/11 Veterans: Eating Pathology as a Distinct Health Risk Behavior
Authors: Ramsey Christine M , Gaffey Allison E , Brandt Cynthia A , Haskell Sally G , Masheb Robin M 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Understanding the interrelationships between co-occurring chronic health conditions and health behaviors is critical to developing interventions to successfully change multiple health behaviors and related comorbidities. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of depression, insomnia, and their co-occurrence on risk of obesity and to examine the role of health risk behaviors as potential confounders of these relationships with an emphasis on eating pathologies.

Methods
Iraq and Afghanistan conflict era veterans (n = 1,094, 51.2% women) who participated in the Women Veterans Cohort Study between July 2014 and September 2019 were categorized as having depression, insomnia, both, or neither condition. Logistic regression models were used to examine group differences in the risk of obesity. Health risk behaviors (i.e., eating pathology, physical activity, smoking, and hazardous drinking) were then assessed as potential confounders of the effects of depression and insomnia on the likelihood of obesity.

Results
Obesity was most prevalent in individuals with co-occurring insomnia and depression (53.2%), followed by depression only (44.6%), insomnia only (38.5%), and neither condition (30.1%). Importantly, maladaptive eating behaviors confounded the depression–obesity association but not the insomnia–obesity association. There was no evidence that insufficient physical activity, smoking, or hazardous drinking confounded the effects of insomnia or depression on obesity.

Conclusions
These findings exemplify the complex relationships between multiple health conditions and behaviors that contribute to obesity. Elucidating these associations can enhance the precision with which interventions are tailored to efficiently allocate resources and reduce the severe health impact of obesity among veterans.
Hazardous Non-Combat Exposures in the U.S. Department of Defense
Authors: Krahl Pamela L , Mallon Timothy M , Gaydos Joel C 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTHazardous non-combat exposures are inherent to military service and occur in three settings: installation workplaces, installation environments, and deployment environments. Few military clinicians receive training in how to recognize, assess, and manage patients with these exposures, and systems improvements are needed to support clinicians with respect to exposure recognition and management. This commentary highlights key concepts surrounding military non-combat exposures by discussing three case examples of exposures occurring in each of these settings. In the workplace, well-coordinated, interdisciplinary occupational health teams improve identification of exposure-related illnesses, and these teams may be further supported by the development of automated clinical decision-support systems. Installation environmental exposures are characterized by high perceived risk, uncertainty in estimating actual risk, and a wide range of stakeholders including military family members and individuals in the surrounding community. Recognizing environmental exposure concerns, gathering a thorough environmental exposure history, and practicing exposure risk communication are vital skills to address these situations. During deployments, exposures may initially be perceived as low risk but then become a concern years later. A functional understanding of the capabilities and limitations of exposure monitoring and potential health effects of exposures helps the military clinician effectively communicate potential health risks to line leaders. For any of these exposure settings, service public health centers and OEM specialty leaders and consultants are available for consultation.
TSCat: data model and storage engine for AI-based light-curve analysis
Authors: Li Kun , Yu Ce , Zhang Yanxia , Sun Chao , Xiao Jian , Cui Chenzhou , Zhang Yajie , Mu Yifei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Light-curve data are one of the most important data sources in time domain astronomy research. With the advancement of observation facilities and the continuous accumulation of observation data, and considering the analysis needs of large sample data sets, software or tools based on new technologies, especially artificial intelligence (AI), will be indispensable for light-curve analysis. The light-curve analysis tool designed by an individual will follow its own defined data structure, which will make the tools designed and developed by different individuals incompatible. A unified light-curve data model will be able to solve this compatibility problem, similar to the traditional flexible image transport system (FITS) file format. This paper proposes a light-curve data model named TSCat, designs and implements a data storage engine. The TSCat data model defines the basic metadata and format required for storing optical curve data following the international virtual observatory alliance (IVOA) data format specification system. The TSCat storage engine implements basic operations such as importing, storing, and accessing light-curve data. The function and performance of the TSCat storage engine are evaluated through the actual observation data. The experimental results show that the TSCat data model is complete enough to support the analysis of light curves. TSCat will help support the standardization of the data access level of software and tools in the field of light-curve analysis, and provide a new reference for the specification system of astronomical scientific data formats.
Advection of accelerated electrons in radio/X-ray knots of AGN jets
Authors: Rahman Amal A , Sahayanathan S , Subha P A 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The X-ray emission from the knots of the kiloparsec scale jet of active galactic nuclei (AGN) suggests the high energy emission process is different from the radio/optical counterpart. Interpretation based on the inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave photons has been ruled out through Fermi γ-ray observations for low-redshift sources. As an alternate explanation, synchrotron emission from a different electron population is suggested. We propose a model considering the advected electron distribution from the sites of particle acceleration in AGN knots. This advected electron distribution is significantly different from the accelerated electron distribution and satisfies the requirement of the second electron population. The synchrotron emission from the accelerated and the advected electron distribution can successfully reproduce the observed radio-to-X-ray fluxes of the knots of 3C 273. For the chosen combination of the model parameters, the spectrum due to inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave photons falls within the Fermi γ-ray upper limits.
Prevalence of short-lived radioactive isotopes across exoplanetary systems inferred from polluted white dwarfs
Authors: Curry Alfred , Bonsor Amy , Lichtenberg Tim , Shorttle Oliver 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
In the Solar system, short-lived radioisotopes, such as 26Al, played a crucial role during the formation of planetary bodies by providing a significant additional source of heat. Notably, this led to early and large-scale melting and iron core formation in planetesimals and their loss of volatile elements, such as hydrogen and carbon. In the context of exoplanetary systems therefore the prevalence of short-lived radioisotopes is key to interpreting the observed bulk volatile budget and atmospheric diversity among low-mass exoplanets. White dwarfs that have accreted planetary material provide a unique means to infer the frequency of iron core formation in extrasolar planetesimals, and hence the ubiquity of planetary systems forming with high short-lived radioisotope abundances. Here, we devise a quantitative method to infer the fraction of planetary systems enriched with short-lived radionuclides upon planetesimal formation from white dwarf data. We argue that the current evidence from white dwarfs point towards a significant fraction of exoplanetesimals having formed an iron core. Although the data may be explained by the accretion of exomoon or Pluto-sized bodies that were able to differentiate due to gravitational potential energy release, our results suggest that the most likely explanation for the prevalence of differentiated material among polluted white dwarfs is that the Solar system is not unusual in being enriched in 26Al. The models presented here suggest a ubiquitous pathway for the enrichment of exoplanetary systems by short-lived radioisotopes, disfavouring short-lived radioisotope enrichment scenarios relying on statistically rare chance encounters with single nearby supernovae, Wolf–Rayet, or AGB stars.
Crystal-Liquid Segregation in Silicocarbonatite Magma Leads to the Formation of Calcite Carbonatite
Authors: Moore K R , Brady A E , Costanzo A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A suite of silicocarbonatite and lamprophyre rocks from SW Ireland, with mantle affinity and primitive composition, are used as a proxy for parental carbonated silicate magmas to model early magmatic evolution. Reconstruction of volatile ratios is validated using global occurrences. At 1200°C, the point at which melts transition from ionic liquids with exceptionally low viscosity (0.06 PaS) to covalently polymerised liquid (viscosity up to 1.3 PaS) is 33 mol% SiO2. Incremental and significant increase in magma density accompanies magma ponding, due to dehydration of magmas from model molar CO2/(CO2 + H2O) of 0.60 in plutonic settings to 0.75 for initial subvolcanic magmas. Magma-crystal density differences dictate that repeated influxes of magmas into an inflating magma chamber sustain a mechanical boundary layer between dense (silicate and oxide) mineral layers and a calcite ± phlogopite flotation assemblage. The range of critical CO2 concentration at which calcite floats (10–13 wt% CO2) may be extended by the presence of additional volatiles and fluid bubbles. The model accommodates a range of phenomena observed or inferred for alkaline/carbonatite complexes, including the following: 1, a growing calcite-dominated flotation assemblage with an apparently early magmatic mineralisation; 2, a residual liquid with high concentrations of incompatible metals; 3, variable carbonatite–pyroxenite–phoscorite rock relations; and 4, multiple phases of overprinting metasomatism.
Synergistic impacts of Montelukast and Klotho against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in Rats
Authors: Elnoury Heba A , Elgendy Salwa A , Baloza Samar H , Ghamry Heba I , Soliman Mohamed , Abdel-Aziz Eman Abdel-Mohsen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful antitumor agent with a well-known cardiaotoxic side effects. In the current study, the ameliorative combined impacts of montelukast (Mont) and Klotho against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity were examined. Fifty-six adult male rats (2 months age and weighting 150–200 g) were grouped into 7 groups (8 rats per group). Animals received doxorubicin alone or in combination with either Mont or Klotho. After 2 weeks of treatments, serum samples were examined to assess the changes in cardiac activity biomarkers such as LDH, CK-MB, cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), and heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP). Serum changes of IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and caspase-3 levels were assayed. The oxidative stress biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and inflammatory (rat IL-1β and rat TNF-α,) and anti-inflammatory (rat IL-10) cytokines were examined. Heart histology and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) immunoreactivity were measured. DOX induced cardiomyopathy, which was reflected by the increases in all examined cardiac parameters. Real-time PCR confirmed that DOX upregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β and decreased the expression of IL-10. Moreover, DOX showed marked elevation in the ST segment T wave complex, causing profound tachycardia. Heart histology assessments showed cardiac cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial congestion, and increased TGF-β1 immunoreactivity. Montelukast and Klotho administration ameliorated all the altered parameters when administered alone or in combination to DOX-intoxicated rats. Klotho was more effective compared with montelukast in terms of reductions in heart rate, ST segment T wave complex elevation, cardiac enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, creatine kinase-MB; CK-MB, cardiac troponin I; cTn-I, heart fatty acid binding protein; H-FABP) cardiac histology, and caspase-3 levels and increases in TAC activity. Montelukast was more effective in reducing serum levels of IL6 and iNOS, expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and the upregulation of IL-10 expression. The co-administration of both drugs led to significantly more synergistic results in terms of reducing cardiac toxicity. In conclusion, montelukast and Klotho either alone or in combination were confirmed to be effective in suppressing DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.
Hazard identification and risk assessment of Abuja rail mass transit
Authors: Zhang Yinggui , Fom Dung D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to multiple advantages in terms of capacity, safety, dependability and punctuality, rail mass transit plays a vital role in easing urban traffic congestion. In addition, rail mass transit is environmentally friendly. Even though it is beneficial to passengers in urban areas, security issues have become increasingly serious in recent years. To improve the safety and dependability of the rail mass transit system to some extent and limit the loss to a bare minimum, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the hazards connected with rail mass transit in the early stages of the system's operation. Against this backdrop, this research employs a risk matrix approach to examine the dangers connected with Abuja's rail mass transit system (ARMT). The questionnaire is designed and delivered to 100 participants, including personnel and passengers, to get their perceptions of hazards at the ARMT. The questionnaire is the initial step in the research process. The four safety variables discussed in this study are human error, equipment design failure, environmental conditions and management. Human error is the most significant factor covered in this research. Understanding the source of risk stemming from these four safety variables at the early stages of rail mass transit operation can significantly improve the system's overall safety and reliability, which can be paramount. According to the findings of the investigations, human-related activity is the most significant possible cause of risk at that ARMT, with a high level of risk portrayed by the data.