bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing debt and elderly housing tenure choices
Authors: Bian Xun , Lin Zhenguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examine the impact of financial leverage, measured by the loan‐to‐value (LTV) ratios , on elderly homeowners' mobility and housing tenure choices. Using a 1999–2019 sample from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we find that a higher LTV ratio substantially increases an elderly homeowner's likelihood of exiting homeownership. In particular, elderly homeowners with an LTV ratio greater than 80% are more than four times likely to exit homeownership than their debt‐free counterparts. By distinguishing recent leverage changes either from house price movement or from equity extraction/injection, we further find that the impact of financial leverage is path‐dependent. Holding the LTV ratio constant, elderly homeowners are less likely to depart from homeownership if they recently extracted equity from their homes. In addition, we find both financial constraint and long‐term indebtedness are important in predicting the likelihood of elderly homeowners exiting homeownership. We further extend our analysis by exploring the effect of the housing market cycle and find the relationship between financial leverage and elderly tenure choices varies across different stages of the cycle. Our findings have several important implications. They not only point to a linkage between housing and mortgage/rental markets but also help to explain the limited size of the U.S. reverse mortgage market.
Emerging drying techniques for food safety and quality: A review
Authors: Fathi Faezeh , N. Ebrahimi Samad , Matos Luís Carlos , P. P. Oliveira M. Beatriz , Alves Rita C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe new trends in drying technology seek a promising alternative to synthetic preservatives to improve the shelf‐life and storage stability of food products. On the other hand, the drying process can result in deformation and degradation of phytoconstituents due to their thermal sensitivity. The main purpose of this review is to give a general overview of common drying techniques with special attention to food industrial applications, focusing on recent advances to maintain the features of the active phytoconstituents and nutrients, and improve their release and storage stability. Furthermore, a drying technique that extends the shelf‐life of food products by reducing trapped water, will negatively affect the spoilage of microorganisms and enzymes that are responsible for undesired chemical composition changes, but can protect beneficial microorganisms like probiotics. This paper also explores recent efficient improvements in drying technologies that produce high‐quality and low‐cost final products compared to conventional methods. However, despite the recent advances in drying technologies, hybrid drying (a combination of different drying techniques) and spray drying (drying with the help of encapsulation methods) are still promising techniques in food industries. In conclusion, spray drying encapsulation can improve the morphology and texture of dry materials, preserve natural components for a long time, and increase storage times (shelf‐life). Optimizing a drying technique and using a suitable drying agent should also be a promising solution to preserve probiotic bacteria and antimicrobial compounds.
Receptor for advanced glycation end products aggravates cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetes through binding of C‐terminal AAs 2‐5 to mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) and facilitation of MEKK3‐MKK3‐p38 module assembly
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Yan , Ying Chang‐Jiang , Hu Bin , Zhang Yu‐Sheng , Gan Tian , Zhu Yan‐Dong , Wang Nan , Li An‐An , Song Yuan‐Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explored the precise mechanisms underlying the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)‐mediated neuronal loss and behavioral dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia. We used immunoprecipitation (IP) and GST pull‐down assays to assess the interaction between RAGE and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3). Then, we investigated the effect of specific mutation of RAGE on plasticity at hippocampal synapses and behavioral deficits in db/db mice through electrophysiological recordings, morphological assays, and behavioral tests. We discovered that RAGE binds MKK3 and that this binding is required for assembly of the MEKK3‐MKK3‐p38 signaling module. Mechanistically, we found that activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/NF‐κB signaling depends on mediation of the RAGE‐MKK3 interaction by C‐terminal RAGE (ctRAGE) amino acids (AAs) 2‐5. We found that ctRAGE R2A‐K3A‐R4A‐Q5A mutation suppressed neuronal damage, improved synaptic plasticity, and alleviated behavioral deficits in diabetic mice by disrupting the RAGE‐MKK3 conjugation. High glucose induces direct binding of RAGE and MKK3 via ctRAGE AAs 2‐5, which leads to assembly of the MEKK3‐MKK3‐p38 signaling module and subsequent activation of the p38MAPK/NF‐κB pathway, and ultimately results in diabetic encephalopathy (DE).
Association between childhood maltreatment and the clinical course of bipolar disorders: A survival analysis of mood recurrences
Authors: Grillault Laroche Diane , Godin Ophélia , Belzeaux Raoul , M’Bailara Katia , Loftus Joséphine , Courtet Philippe , Dubertret Caroline , Haffen Emmanuel , Llorca Pierre Michel , Olie Emilie , Passerieux Christine , Polosan Mircea , Schwan Raymund ,   The FACE‐BD collaborators, Leboyer Marion , Bellivier Frank , Marie‐Claire Cynthia , Etain Bruno 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesChildhood maltreatment, also referred as childhood trauma, increases the severity of bipolar disorders (BD). Childhood maltreatment has been associated with more frequent mood recurrences, however, mostly in retrospective studies. Since scarce, further prospective studies are required to identify whether childhood maltreatment may be associated with the time to recurrence in BD.MethodsIndividuals with BD (N = 2008) were assessed clinically and for childhood maltreatment at baseline, and followed up for two years. The cumulative probability of mood recurrence over time was estimated with the Turnbull’s extension of the Kaplan–Meier analysis for interval‐censored data, including childhood maltreatment as a whole, and then maltreatment subtypes as predictors. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsThe median duration of follow‐up was 22.3 months (IQR:12.0–24.8). Univariable analyses showed associations between childhood maltreatment, in particular all types of abuses (emotional, physical, and sexual) or emotional neglect, and a shorter time to recurrence (all p < 0.001). When including potential confounders into the multivariable models, the time to mood recurrence was associated with multiple/severe childhood maltreatment (i.e., total score above the 75th percentile) (HR = 1.32 95%CI (1.11–1.57), p = 0.002), and more specifically with moderate/severe physical abuse (HR = 1.44 95%CI(1.21–1.73), p < 0.0001). Living alone, lifetime anxiety disorders, lifetime number of mood episodes, baseline depressive and (hypo)manic symptoms, and baseline use of atypical antipsychotics were also associated with the time to recurrence.ConclusionsIn addition to typical predictors of mood recurrences, an exposure to multiple/severe forms of childhood maltreatment, and more specifically to moderate to severe physical abuse, may increase the risk for a mood recurrence in BD. This leads to the recommendations of more scrutiny and denser follow‐up of the individuals having been exposed to such early‐life stressors.
Post‐treatment effects of topiramate on alcohol‐related outcomes: A combined analysis of two placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Feinn Richard , Pond Timothy , Hartwell Emily , Gelernter Joel , Crist Richard C. , Witkiewitz Katie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTopiramate reduces drinking and alcohol‐related problems and is increasingly being used to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of topiramate, rs2832407, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the GRIK1 gene moderated topiramate's effects (Study 1). However, a second RCT (Study 2) did not replicate the SNP's moderating effect during treatment. The current analysis combines data from these two studies to examine topiramate's effects on alcohol‐related outcomes and on its pharmacogenetic moderation during a 6‐month post‐treatment period. This analysis includes 308 individuals with problematic alcohol use (67% male; mean age = 51.1; topiramate: 49%, placebo: 51%). It uses generalized linear mixed models to examine changes in self‐reported alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related problems and concentrations of the liver enzyme γ‐glutamyltransferase. The report combines published 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up data from Study 1 with similar, unpublished data from Study 2. Despite robust effects of topiramate on drinking during treatment, the overall multivariate medication effects on outcomes during 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up were not significant (p = 0.08 and p = 0.26, respectively). The moderating effect of the SNP on primary treatment outcomes was also not significant during either follow‐up period (p = 0.13 and p = 0.16, respectively). However, during the 3‐month post‐treatment period, drinks per day was significantly lower in the topiramate group than the placebo group in the rs2832407*CC‐genotype group. The robust effects of topiramate on alcohol‐related outcomes during treatment diminish substantially once the medication is discontinued. Research is needed both to determine the optimal treatment duration and to identify clinically useful pharmacogenetic moderators of topiramate for treating AUD.
Catheter‐based system for the treatment of left ventricular assist device thrombosis
Authors: Joyce David L. , Lynch Bryan E. , Freed Julie , Kreuziger Lisa Baumann , Salinger Michael H. , Joyce Lyle D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThrombotic complications continue to pose challenges to patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. The Hoplon system was developed to administer catheter‐based lytic therapy with a novel approach to embolic protection.MethodsTwo porcine non‐survival surgeries were performed in which off‐pump LVAD insertion was followed by injection of thrombus into the impeller, isolation of the pump using the Hoplon system, and administration of lytic therapy to the pump chamber. Successful thrombus resolution was confirmed by pathological examination of the LVAD and brain tissue after animal sacrifice.ResultsLimitations of the prototype design resulted in the extrusion of thrombus from around the catheter in the first animal. Subsequent device modifications resulted in the resolution of LVAD thrombus as confirmed on removal and examination of the pump. Pathological examination of the brain tissue revealed the absence of any embolic or hemorrhagic complications.ConclusionsEarly animal studies suggest feasibility in restoring function to an LVAD while at the same time preventing cerebroembolic events using the Hoplon system.
Association of the prolonged use of anti‐glaucoma medications with the surgical failure of ab interno microhook trabeculotomy
Authors: Okuda Mina , Mori Sotaro , Takano Fumio , Murai Yusuke , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Kurimoto Takuji , Yamada‐Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the perioperative factors affecting surgical success in ab interno microhook trabeculotomy (μTLO).MethodsA total of 146 consecutive patients who underwent μTLO were included in this retrospective study. We performed Cox proportional hazard modelling by setting surgical success at 1 year as an objective variable. The explanatory variables included age, sex, glaucoma type, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma drug score, mean deviation (MD) of the Humphrey visual field test, duration of glaucoma drug use, antithrombotic drug use, combined cataract surgery, incision range and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, we performed 1:1 matching using propensity score analysis and compared the perioperative parameters between durations of glaucoma drug use of <4.5 years and ≥ 4.5 years (50 patients each). We defined surgical success as satisfaction of all three criteria: IOP 5–21 mmHg, IOP reduction of ≥20% from the preoperative IOP and no additional glaucoma surgery.ResultsThe Cox proportional hazard model revealed that a longer duration of anti‐glaucoma medication was significantly associated with surgical failure. Propensity score matching analysis showed that the <4.5‐year users of anti‐glaucoma drugs had significantly higher success rates than the ≥4.5‐year users (72% versus 52%; p = 0.04).ConclusionsThe prolonged use of multiple glaucoma drugs adversely affected the outcome of μTLO at least at 1 year postoperatively.
Topical noninvasive retinal drug delivery of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor: 3% cediranib maleate cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops in the rabbit eye
Authors: Lorenzo‐Soler Laura , Praphanwittaya Pitsiree , Olafsdottir Olof Birna , Kristinsdottir Iris Myrdal , Asgrimsdottir Gudrun Marta , Loftsson Thorsteinn , Stefansson Einar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit VEGF receptors. If delivered to the retina, they might inhibit oedema and neovascularization such as in age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to formulate cediranib maleate, a potent VEGF inhibitor, as γ‐cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops and measure the retinal delivery and overall ocular pharmacokinetics after a single‐dose administration in rabbits.MethodsA novel formulation technology with 3% cediranib maleate as γ‐cyclodextrin micro‐suspension was prepared by autoclaving method. Suitable stabilizers were tested for heat‐stable eye drops. The ophthalmic formulation was topically applied to one eye in rabbits. The pharmacokinetics in ocular tissues, tear film and blood samples were studied at 1, 3 and 6 hr after administration.Resultsγ‐cyclodextrin formed complex with cediranib maleate. The formation of γ‐cyclodextrin nanoparticles occurred in concentrated complexing media. Combined stabilizers prevented the degradation of drug during the autoclaving process. Three hours after administration of the eye drops, treated eyes showed cediranib levels of 737 ± 460 nM (mean ± SD) in the retina and 10 ± 6 nM in the vitreous humour.ConclusionsCediranib maleate in γ‐cyclodextrin nanoparticles were stable to heat in presence of stabilizers. The drug as eye drops reached the retina in concentrations that are more than 100 times higher than the 0.4 nM IC50 value reported for the VEGF type‐II receptor and thus, presumably, above therapeutic level. These results suggest that γ‐cyclodextrin‐based cediranib maleate eye drops deliver effective drug concentrations to the retina in rabbits after a single‐dose administration.
Multiplex analysis of mass imaging data: Application to the pathology of experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Shi Han , El Kazzi Mary , Liu Yuyang , Gao Antony , Schroder Angie L. , Vuong Sally , Young Pamela A. , Rayner Benjamin S. , van Vreden Caryn , King Nicholas J. C. , Witting Paul K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimImaging mass cytometry (IMC) affords simultaneous immune‐labelling/imaging of multiple antigens in the same tissue. Methods utilizing multiplex data beyond co‐registration are lacking. This study developed and applied an innovative spatial analysis workflow for multiplex imaging data to IMC data determined from cardiac tissues and revealed the mechanism(s) of neutrophil‐mediated post‐myocardial‐infarction damage.MethodsIMC produced multiplex images with various redox/inflammatory markers. The cardiac peri‐infarct zone (PIZ) was determined to be up to 240 µm from the infarct border based on the presence of neutrophils. The tissue region beyond the infarct was defined as the remote area (RA). ImageJ was used to quantify the immunoreactivity. Functional assessments included infarct size, cell necro/apoptosis, total thiol assay and echocardiogram.ResultsExpression of damage markers decreased in order from the infarct area to PIZ and then RA, reflecting the neutrophil density in the regions. Concentrically spaced “shoreline contour analysis” around the cardiac infarct extending into the PIZ showed that immunoreactivity for damage markers decreased linearly with increasing distance from the infarct, concomitant with a decreasing neutrophil‐myeloperoxidase (MPO) gradient from the infarct to the PIZ. Stratifying by concentric bands around individual MPO+‐signal identified that the immunoreactivity of haem‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and phosphorylated‐p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (pP38) peaked near neutrophils. Furthermore, spatial dependence between neutrophils and markers of cardiac cellular damage was confirmed by nearest‐neighbour distance analysis. Post‐infarction tissue exhibited declined functional parameters that were associated with neutrophil migration from the infarct to PIZ.ConclusionThis image‐based quantitative protocol revealed the spatial association and provided potential molecular pathways responsible for neutrophil‐mediated damage post‐infarction.
Gut microbiota modulates osteoclast glutathione synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice subjected to ovariectomy
Authors: Yuan Yin , Yang Jing , Zhuge Aoxiang , Li Lanjuan , Ni Shuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesOsteoporosis is a common bone disease in the elderly mainly regulated by osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important factor in many physiological and pathological processes in the host. Thus, we hypothesize that the gut microbiota is necessary for postmenopausal osteoporosis and that germ‐free (GF) mice are protected from osteoporosis.Material and MethodsOsteoporosis models were established by performing ovariectomy (OVX) in mice. Bone mass was measured by micro‐CT, and gut microbiota were assessed by 16s rDNA sequencing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining in vivo and 2’,7'‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining in vitro.ResultsFirmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the intestine are pivotal in OC differentiation, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) is a specific indicator of osteoporosis. Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element‐binding (CREB) pathway. In addition, supplementing OVX mice with the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius LI01 from the Firmicutes phylum prevented osteoporosis.ConclusionsOur results reveal that GSH plays a vital role in OVX‐induced bone loss, and probiotics that affect GSH metabolism are potential therapeutic targets for overcoming osteoporosis.
Balance impairment and cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under 65 years
Authors: Kaygusuz Melike Hanim , Oral Tapan Ozge , Tapan Utku , Genc Sebahat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveBalance and cognitive problems may develop in COPD. Studies investigating cognitive functions are mostly in elderly patients, and the number of studies on balance impairment is less than studies about cognitive dysfunction in COPD. We aimed to evaluate both balance and cognitive functions in patients with COPD under 65 years.MethodsA total of 60 COPD patients and 60 healthy control group were enrolled. The patients with COPD were divided into two groups due to dyspnea severity. Demographic data and dyspnea scores of all patients were recorded. BECK depression scale, standardized Mini Mental Test (MMT), and BERG balance scale were applied to the individuals. Factors affecting BERG balance scale were evaluated.ResultsBERG balance scale and MMT values were found to be significantly lower in patients with COPD compared with the control group (p = 0.009). It was observed that the mean values of BERG balance scale and MMT were significantly low in the severe dyspnea group. BERG scale had significant correlations with MMT (rho = 0.331, p = 0.001), BECK (rho = −0.222, p = 0.016), age (rho = −0.318, p = 0.018), MMRC (rho = −0.368, p < 0.001), CAT (rho = −0.338, p = 0.008), FEV1% (rho = 0.307, p = 0.017), SpO2 (rho = 0.448, p < 0.001), and number of hospitalization per year (rho = −0.316, p = 0.014). According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the effect of oxygen saturation on BERG was found to be statistically significant (B = 0.512, p = 0.008).ConclusionsBalance tests in patients with COPD under the age of 65 are significantly low when compared with healthy controls at the same age. Balance and cognitive functions are significantly associated with each other. It may be beneficial to perform balance and cognitive function tests earlier even at the beginning of the treatment period of COPD, and strategies should be planned to prevent the progression of functional losses.
The who and what of women's drinking: Examining risky drinking and associated socio‐demographic factors among women aged 40–65 years in Australia
Authors: Miller Mia , Mojica‐Perez Yvette , Livingston Michael , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Wright Cassandra J. C. , Kuntsche Sandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecent trends in Australian national survey data show an increase in alcohol use among middle‐aged people, amidst declines in alcohol use among other population groups. There is limited research, however, on middle‐aged women's alcohol use. This study aimed to examine patterns in alcohol use among Australian women aged 40–65 and the associated sociodemographic and contextual factors.MethodsCross‐sectional data from six waves of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (2001–2019). We estimated the prevalence of long‐term risky drinking (>2 Australian standard drinks per day) and risky‐single occasion drinking (>5 Australian standard drinks on one occasion) among middle‐aged women. Logistic regression models were estimated using 2019 data to examine demographic characteristics and contextual factors associated with alcohol use.ResultsSince 2001, there has been a statistically significant increase in long‐term risky drinking and risky‐single occasion drinking amongst middle‐aged women in Australia. Educational attainment, marital status and employment status were negatively associated with risky drinking, whereas rurality, age and location of use were positively associated with risky drinking. Beverage type was both positively and negatively associated with risky drinking.Discussion and ConclusionsGiven the significant increase in alcohol use amongst middle‐aged women in Australia, prevention efforts are needed for this group, which may focus in particular on home drinking and the impact of rurality on alcohol use.