bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Harmonization for Superior Charge Extraction at Interface for Stable High‐Efficiency FAPbI3 Quantum Dots Solar Cells
Authors: Que Meidan , He Shenghui , Li Yutian , Xu Yuan , Li Bo , Wei Jian , Gao Lili , Huang Wei , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic–inorganic formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) hybrid perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have garnered considerable attention in the photovoltaic field due to their narrow bandgap, exceptional environmental stability, and prolonged carrier lifetime. Unfortunately, their insulating ligands and surface vacancy defects pose significant obstacles to efficient charge transfer across device interfaces. In this work, an electrostatic harmonization strategy at the interface using a donor‐acceptor dipole molecular attachment to achieve enhanced charge separation capabilities on the QD surface is ventured. On the basis of theoretical study and experimental evaluation, it has gained a comprehensive understanding of dipole‐induced electronic restructuring at the quantum dot interfaces. It reveals that 3‐fluoro‐4‐iodopyridine as a dipole source with appropriate energy levels and a high dipole moment effectively fills surface iodine vacancies (VI‐), leading to rapid separation of photoexcited charge carriers. Particularly enhanced hole mobility and hydrophobicity are achieved through strong electronegative effects of fluorine and iodine. Consequently, the FAPbI3 QD solar cells achieve a power conversion efficiency as high as 14.11% with exceptional long‐term stability in ambient. These perceptions provide effective interface engineering means for the hybrid perovskite QDs to advance their potential in high‐performance optoelectronic applications.
Vacancy and Low‐Energy 3p‐Orbital Endow Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) Cathode with Superior Sodium Storage Kinetics
Authors: Jiang Ning , Yang Cheng , Wang Yichao , Wang Xinyu , Sun Shouyu , Liu Yu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIron‐based phosphate Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) (NFPP) has been regarded as the most promising cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) thanks to its cost‐effectiveness and eco‐friendliness. However, it is in a predicament from the intrinsic low ionic/electronic conductivity, becoming a great challenge for its practical application. Herein, the significant roles of the low‐energy 3p‐orbital and transition metal vacancies are emphasized in facilitating charge rearrangement and reconstructing ion‐diffusion channels, from the perspectives of crystallography and electron interaction for the first time, and the modification mechanism is fully explored by various characterizations and theoretical calculations. As proof of this concept, the designed Na4Fe2.85Al0.1(PO4)2(P2O7) (NF2.85A0.1PP) delivers prominent electrochemical performance, achieving high energy density (≈350 Wh kg⁻¹), superior kinetics (62 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹), excellent power density (23 kW kg⁻¹, 143 Wh kg⁻¹), and extraordinary cycling stability (with negligible attenuation after 10 000 cycles). This work provides a brand‐new perspective for designing ultra‐endurable high‐rate polyanion cathodes.
Research Progress and Perspectives on Anti‐Poisoning Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Authors: Chen Zhixu , Shu Chengyong , Gan Zhuofan , Cao Jingwen , Qiu Peixi , Sun Xiaohui , Deng Chengwei , Wu Yuping , Tang Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs global demand for clean and sustainable energy continues to rise, fuel cell technology has seen rapid advancement. However, the presence of trace impurities like carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in hydrogen fuel can significantly deactivate the anode by blocking its active sites, leading to reduced performance. Developing electrocatalysts that are resistant to CO and H₂S poisoning has therefore become a critical priority. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the poisoning mechanisms of CO and H₂S and reviews the key strategies developed over the past few decades to enhance the impurity tolerance of anode electrocatalysts. It begins by examining the differences in hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) mechanisms in acidic and alkaline environments, focusing on the roles of hydrogen binding energy (HBE) and hydroxide binding energy (OHBE). Next, it outlines three main approaches to mitigate CO poisoning: (I) bifunctional mechanisms, (II) direct mechanisms, and (III) constructing protective blocking layers. The review then shifts to strategies for countering H₂S poisoning, emphasizing both electrocatalyst design and structural improvements in fuel cells. Finally, the paper highlights recent advances in anti‐poisoning electrocatalysts, discusses their applications and limitations, and identifies the key challenges and future opportunities for further research in this field.
In situ Polymerized Solid‐State Electrolyte Enabling Inorganic‐Organic Dual‐Layered SEI Film for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Liu Qiwei , Wang Yucheng , Lin Jianhao , Ji Chuang , Yuan Yingyi , Zhao Bote , Xiong Xunhui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn situ polymerization of cyclic ethers is a promising strategy to construct solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries with high energy density and safety. However, their practical applications are plagued by the unsatisfactory electrochemical properties of polymer electrolytes and the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, organic perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is proposed as a new initiator to polymerize 1,3‐dioxolane electrolyte (PDOL), which enables the as‐obtained PDOL electrolyte to deliver greatly enhanced ionic conductivity and broadened electrochemical window. Besides, the experimental data and theoretical calculations demonstrate a dual‐layered SEI with PFDA‐derived organic component on the top and LiF at the bottom constructed on the surface of Li metal, which can provide enough mechanical strength to suppress Li dendrite growth and high flexibility to accommodate volume fluctuations during the repeated cycling. As a result, the Li symmetric cells with PFDA‐induced PDOL electrolyte (P‐PDOL) can achieve a superior plating/stripping cycle for 1400 h at 0.3 mA cm−2. Additionally, the Li||P‐PDOL||LiFePO4 (LFP) full cells maintain stable cycling over 300 times at 0.5 C. This work offers a potential strategy to simultaneously prepare high‐performance PDOL electrolytes and stabilize the Li metal/PDOL interface, providing new research insights to advance solid‐state Li metal batteries toward practical applications.
Wood‐Inspired Electrode for Sustainable Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion
Authors: Guo Weijia , Wang Yawen , Shen Shunyu , Wang Han , Shao Kai , Wang Zhenjie , Shi Yingru , Li Caicai , Sun Qingfeng , Li Huiqiao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTElectrocatalysis plays a central role in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems, providing a number of sustainable processes for future technologies. As a green, renewable, and abundant natural polymer material, the unique structure and physicochemical properties of wood and its derivatives provide a unique application advantage in the field of electrocatalysis, which has aroused intense attention from researchers. At present, researchers have developed many wood‐based catalytic electrodes by taking advantage of the anisotropic hierarchical porous structure of wood and abundant active functional groups on the cell wall surface of wood. Here, a comprehensive review of recent progress in the design and synthesis of wood‐inspired electrodes for electrocatalytic reactions is summarized. Starting from the role and importance of the electrocatalytic process in the whole energy conversion system, this review highlights the composition and structure of wood, analyzes the mechanisms of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), urea oxidation reaction (UOR), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and discusses the structure‐activity relationship between the structural properties and electrochemical activity of wood‐inspired electrodes. Finally, the opportunities, challenges, and future directions in the application of wood and its derivatives in the field of electrocatalysis are prospected.
A COVID‐19 rapid antigen test employing upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Le , Zhou Jiajia , Shimoni Olga , Wen Shihui , Alghalayini Amani , Liu Yuan , Rezaeishahmirzadi Meysam , Liao Jiayan , Maddahfar Mahnaz , Hunt Roger , Black Murdo , Johansen Matt D. , Hansbro Phil M. , Zhang Lin , Stenzel Martina , Warkiani Majid , Valenzuela Stella M. , Jin Dayong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has underscored the critical need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. Current methods, including Polymerase Chain Reaction and rapid antigen tests (RAT), have limitations in speed, sensitivity, and the requirement for specialized equipment and trained personnel. Nanotechnology, particularly upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), offer a promising alternative due to their unique optical properties. UCNPs can convert low‐energy near‐infrared light into higher‐energy visible light, making them ideal for use as optical probes in single molecule detection and point of care applications. This study, initiated in early 2020, explores the opportunity of using highly doped UCNPs (40%Yb3+/4%Er3+) in lateral flow assay (LFA) for the early diagnosis of COVID‐19. The UCNPs‐based LFA testing demonstrated a minimum detection concentration of 100 pg/mL for SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen and 105 CCID50/mL for inactivated virus. Clinical trials, conducted in Malaysia and Western Australia independently, showed that the technique was at least 100 times more sensitive than commercial RAT kits, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 91.94%. The development process involved multidisciplinary collaborations, resulting in the Virulizer device, an automated strip reader for point‐of‐care testing. This work sets a reference for future development of highly sensitive and quantitative RAT, aiming for the Limits of Detection in the range of sub‐ng/mL.
Analysis of crack development law and calculation of crack width in the negative moment zone of externally inverted U‐shaped steel concrete composite beams
Authors: Jiang Shi‐Yong , Wu Hong‐Tao , Zhao Yi , Zhou Jian , Wang Guo‐Jue , Liu Xiang‐Gang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn order to study the factors that affect the crack width, cracking mechanism, and development laws of the U‐shaped steel concrete composite (USCC) beam, and to propose a crack width calculation formula suitable for this new type of composite beam, cracking tests were conducted on four simply supported beam specimens. These specimens, which featured different steel beam forms, shear connectors, and longitudinal reinforcement arrangements, were all subjected to negative bending moments. Research has shown that USCC beams and H‐shaped steel concrete composite (HSCC) beams exhibited basically consistent crack width‐load relationships. In the early stage of the experiment, the crack width of the specimen exhibits an approximately linear relationship with the load, while in the late stage of the experiment, the crack width rapidly increases. In addition, the crack width of the USCC beam specimen developed faster than that of the HSCC beam. The experimental phenomenon shows that whether it is an USCC beam or a HSCC beam, the distribution of crack width along the concrete slab width is uneven, and this non‐uniformity is more obvious outside the beam width range. The centralized arrangement of longitudinal bars will exacerbate the non‐uniformity of crack width distribution, and the overall crack width is greater than that of specimens with uniformly arranged longitudinal bars. In addition, the effectiveness of channel shear connectors in controlling crack propagation is better than that of shear studs, and the slip at the interface between the concrete slab and the steel beam of the specimen using shear studs is greater than that of the specimen using channel shear connectors when the load is large. Based on the experimental results and formulas in the “Design Standards for Steel Structures” and the “Design Specifications for Concrete Structures,” a formula for calculating the crack width of USCC beams is proposed, and the coefficients in the current specifications have been corrected. The calculated crack width is in good agreement with the experimental value, which can provide a reference for calculating the crack width of this type of composite beam.
Economic Potentials of Using Black Soldier Flies in Transforming Solid Bio‐Waste Into Animal Feeds to Mitigate Greenhouse Gases Emission in Tanzania
Authors: Kamugisha Proscovia Paschal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTanzania's waste generation increases with national population growth and urbanization. Coupled with linear waste management approaches practiced in Tanzania, the waste aggravates greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and defeats Sustainable Development Goal 13 intending to minimize GHGs emissions through waste close loop management options. This paper advocates for the use of Black Soldier Flies (BSF) farming to mitigate the emissions and convert bio‐waste into resourceful animal feeds. The review shows that bio‐waste accounts for two‐thirds of the national municipal solid wastes generated. The BSF farming is envisaged to reduce bio‐waste by 50% and transform the GHGs into harmless compounds to get rid of their health‐related concerns. It is recommended that further investigation for economic feasibility of BSF farming is conducted to inform potential investors about the viability of BSF investments in Tanzania.
A Review on the Environmental Impact and Management of Sugar Mill Effluent Through Phytoremediation
Authors: Singh Priyanshi , Verma Aanchal , Pratibha  , Kumari Alka 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe discharge of untreated effluents from sugar mills leads to the accumulation of toxic metals and metalloids such as Copper (Cu) (6.88–0.032 mg/L), Zinc (Zn) (20.0–0.26 mg/L), Iron (Fe) (44.27–1.228 mg/L), Manganese (Mn) (11.45–0.095 mg/L), Chromium (Cr) (2.72–0.012 mg/L), Nickel (Ni) (0.19 mg/L), Lead (Pb) (0.52–0.032 mg/L), Cadmium (Cd) (7.33–0.02 mg/L), and Arsenic (As) (0.2 mg/L). This poses significant hazards to both the environment and human health. Phytoremediation methods have the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of toxic substances on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These methods utilize the natural ability of plants to absorb mineral nutrients from soil and water sources. Certain terrestrial and aquatic plant species show remarkable efficacy in removing both organic and inorganic pollutants. Numerous plants, including Typha latifolia, Eichhornia crassipes, Euphorbia prostrata, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes, and Salvinia minima, are effective metal accumulators for cleaning up heavy‐metal‐polluted water and soil. By employing advanced phytoremediation techniques, the phytoremediation capability of these plants can be further enhanced. Overall, phytoremediation offers a simple, practical, economical, sustainable, and artistic process that eliminates pollutants from the soil and water in a natural way. It is also a conservational procedure that may be used in the amelioration of sugar mill effluents as well as may be utilized in the future to clean air, water, and soil. The present review highlights the current status of the toxicity of sugar mill effluents and the intervention of technologically advanced treatments/processes (biological and chemical) to enhance its phytoremediation efficacy. Moreover, the present review also elucidates the secondary benefits of phytoremediation applications. This technique can be utilized in the production of biomass‐based energy, feedstock for pyrolysis, biofortified products, and carbon sequestrations, which can contribute to phyto management programs.
Impact of the “July effect” in head and neck microvascular reconstruction: A retrospective review
Authors: De Ravin Emma , Cao Austin C. , Carey Ryan M. , Elliott Zachary , Sakkal Marah , Slijepcevic Allison , Petrisor Daniel , Taghizadeh Farshid , Newman Jason G. , Curry Joseph , Wax Mark K. , Cannady Steven B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe “July effect,” a theory that the beginning of the academic year has worse operative outcomes and complication rates, remains controversial. We evaluated the “July effect” as a risk factor for negative operative outcomes in head and neck microvascular reconstruction.MethodsMulti‐institutional retrospective review at three academic tertiary care centers from January 2010 to August 2021. Free flaps were stratified by the academic quarter. Patient factors, operative variables, length of stay (LOS), flap failures, and postoperative complications and adverse events were compared between academic quarters 1 and 4.ResultsWe identified 2897 free flaps: 749 quarter 1 (Q1), 693 quarter 2 (Q2), 770 quarter 3 (Q3), and 685 quarter 4 (Q4). Overall flap failure rate was 4.9% (n = 143), and the most common postoperative complications were wound infection (12.8%, n = 370) and dehiscence (7.6%, n = 221). There were no significant differences between quarters in overall complication rate, flap failures, partial flap necrosis, wound infection, fistula, or hematoma (p > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in LOS or rates of 30‐day readmission or reoperation (p > 0.05). Q1 had significantly more dehiscences (p = 0.04) and longer operative times (p = 0.001) than Q4.ConclusionAlthough Q1 surgeries had significantly longer operative times and higher dehiscence rates, we found no other differences in postoperative complications, flap failures, or adverse events by the academic quarter. While a “July effect” may exist due to the integration of new trainees into the surgical workflow, this effect does not translate into meaningful differences in overall free flap or patient outcomes.
A Systems-Based Framework for Product Circularity Assessment
Authors: Guedes Gisele Bortolaz , Ko Junwon , Badurdeen Fazleena , Jawahir I. S. , Morris K. C. , Ferrero Vincenzo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOne of the key aspects of Circular Economy (CE), particularly when focusing on the product level, lies in its emphasis on designing products to facilitate the circulation of resources and maximize value throughout their entire lifecycle. To effectively develop such products an understanding of the characteristics of circular products (CP) is needed. Adopting a systems perspective that considers the total lifecycle and stakeholders involved and recognizing interdependencies among them is essential for identifying factors that characterize CPs. Existing methods for assessing product circularity do not identify all factors that characterize CPs and have limitations in the measurement methods proposed, leading to poor industry adoption. This research aims to develop a systems-based framework with clearly defined attributes, indicators, and metrics for product circularity assessment (PCA) to facilitate more effective design practices for CPs. A two-pronged approach, with industry engagement, is followed to address this gap: first, a systematic analysis of literature is conducted to identify key attributes and establish a clear foundation of what constitutes a CP; secondly, a comprehensive examination of indicators and metrics to evaluate the attributes is undertaken. This paper presents the preliminary systems-based framework for PCA with example attributes, indicators, and metrics, specifically for consumer electronic product circularity evaluation and directions for further research.
PPLRC—Language and Culture Survey Handbook—Technical Standards
Authors:   Center for the Protection and Research of Language Resources of China at Beijing Language and Culture University
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe sites chosen to be surveyed are to obtain data mainly about Chinese dialects, as well as about minority languages. They are situated mostly in places where Chinese dialects are spoken though other regional factors may also be taken into consideration. Survey sites for minority languages are selected according to their importance and research value.
Surface operators and exact holography
Authors: Choi Changha , Gomis Jaume , García Raquel Izquierdo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surface operators are nonlocal probes of gauge theories capable of distinguishing phases that are not discernible by the classic Wilson-’t Hooft criterion. We prove that the correlation function of a surface operator with a chiral primary operator in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills is a finite polynomial in the Yang-Mills coupling constant. Surprisingly, in spite of these observables receiving nontrivial quantum corrections, we find that these correlation functions are exactly captured in the ’t Hooft limit by supergravity in asymptotically AdS5 × S5 [1] ! We also calculate exactly the surface operator vacuum expectation value and the correlator of a surface operator with 1/8-BPS Wilson loops using supersymmetric localization. We demonstrate that these correlation functions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM realize in a nontrivial fashion the conjectured action of S-duality. Finally, we perturbatively quantize $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM around the surface operator singularity and identify the Feynman diagrams that, when summed over, reproduce the exact result obtained by localization.
ALP-ine quests at the LHC: hunting axion-like particles via peaks and dips in $$ t\overline{t} $$ production
Authors: Anuar Afiq , Biekötter Anke , Biekötter Thomas , Grohsjean Alexander , Heinemeyer Sven , Jeppe Laurids , Schwanenberger Christian , Weiglein Georg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an analysis of the sensitivity of current and future LHC searches for new spin-0 particles in top–anti-top-quark $$ \left(t\overline{t}\right) $$

t

t
¯

final states, focusing on generic axion-like particles (ALPs) that are coupled to top quarks and gluons. As a first step, we derive new limits on the effective ALP Lagrangian in terms of the Wilson coefficients ct and $$ {c}_{\overset{\sim }{G}} $$

c

G
~

based on the results of the CMS search using 35.9 fb−1 of data, collected at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV. We then investigate how the production of an ALP with generic couplings to gluons and top quarks can be distinguished from the production of a pseudoscalar which couples to gluons exclusively via a top-quark loop. To this end, we make use of the invariant $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

mass distribution and angular correlations that are sensitive to the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

spin correlation. Using a mass of 400 GeV as an example, we find that already the data collected during Run 2 and Run 3 of the LHC provides an interesting sensitivity to the underlying nature of a possible new particle. We also analyze the prospects for data anticipated to be collected during the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. Finally, we compare the limits obtained from the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

searches to existing experimental bounds from LHC searches for narrow di-photon resonances, from measurements of the production of four top quarks, and from global analyses of ALP–SMEFT interference effects.
Fiction writing workshops to explore staff perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education
Authors: Dixon Neil , Cox Andrew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study explores perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in the higher education workplace through innovative use of fiction writing workshops. Twenty-three participants took part in three workshops, imagining the application of AI assistants and chatbots to their roles. Key themes were identified, including perceived benefits and challenges of AI implementation, interface design implications, and factors influencing task delegation to AI. Participants envisioned AI primarily as a tool to enhance task efficiency rather than fundamentally transform job roles. This research contributes insights into the desires and concerns of educational users regarding AI adoption, highlighting potential barriers such as value alignment.