bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long‐term impact of receiving incidental findings on parents undergoing genome‐wide sequencing
Authors: Cheung Faith , Birch Patricia , Friedman J. M. ,   CAUSES Study,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Elliott Alison M , Adam Shelin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenome‐wide (exome or genome) sequencing (GWS) has the potential to detect incidental findings (IFs): variants unrelated to the primary indication for testing that may be of medical or personal utility. As GWS becomes increasingly common in clinical practice, it is important to understand the impact of IFs on the individuals and their families. Our goal was to explore the immediate and long‐term lived experience of individuals who received IFs as part of diagnostic GWS. We interviewed parents who received an IF as part of the CAUSES translational research study at Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia. Five hundred families were offered trio‐based GWS for their child with a suspected, undiagnosed genetic condition. Nine hundred and one of the 1000 parents chose to find out about IFs and 21 parents received an IF for themselves. Twelve of these parents participated in this study. They were interviewed an average of 2.3 years after the IFs were returned. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews revealed that the participants’ decisions and motivations to receive IFs were influenced by personal values and beliefs and by having a child with a suspected genetic condition. Participants’ experiences were also influenced by the type of IF received, having a personal or family history of a related condition, their personal interpretation and perceived utility of the information, and the impact of the IF on other family members. Participants expressed either no regret or mild decisional regret on the Decisional Regret Scale. Two years post results, most participants reported little negative impact from receiving the IF. The utility of the information varied: some reported lifestyle changes and proactive screening, while others felt the information may be more relevant in the future. Understanding the immediate and longer term impact of receiving IFs from GWS can inform both pre‐ and post‐test genetic counseling.
Treatment Response and Prognosis Evaluation in High‐Grade Glioma: An Imaging Review Based on MRI
Authors: Zhou Qing , Xue Caiqiang , Ke Xiaoai , Zhou Junlin 
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the development of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology and machine learning (ML) have created new tools for evaluating treatment response and prognosis of patients with high‐grade gliomas (HGG); however, patient prognosis has not improved significantly. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity between and within HGG tumors, resulting in standard treatment methods not benefitting all patients. Moreover, the survival of patients with HGG is not only related to tumor cells, but also to noncancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, during preoperative diagnosis and follow‐up treatment of patients with HGG, noninvasive imaging markers are needed to characterize intratumoral heterogeneity, and then to evaluate treatment response and predict prognosis, timeously adjust treatment strategies, and achieve individualized diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarize the research progress of conventional MRI, advanced MRI technology, and ML in evaluation of treatment response and prognosis of patients with HGG. We further discuss the significance of the TME in the prognosis of HGG patients, associate imaging features with the TME, indirectly reflecting the heterogeneity within the tumor, and shifting treatment strategies from tumor cells alone to systemic therapy of the TME, which may be a major development direction in the future.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage4
Efficacy of antibody response following the vaccination of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected and noninfected healthcare workers by two‐dose inactive vaccine against COVID‐19
Authors: Dundar Bagnu , Karahangil Kadriye , Elgormus Cagri Serdar , Topsakal Hatice Nur Halipci 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSinovac is an inactive vaccine produced against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) for almost a year. No sufficient information is available concerning pro‐vaccine immunogenicity. We investigated the efficacy of antibody response following vaccination of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected and noninfected healthcare workers by a two‐dose inactive vaccine against COVID‐19. The immunogenicity acquired on the 27th day and 42nd day after the first dose of vaccine (corresponding to Day 14 after the second dose) were compared by the demographics, immunosuppression, comorbidities, postvaccination reaction, and IgG levels of 120 subjects. The overall rate of second postvaccine seropositivity was 97.5% (n = 117) of all individuals, and 44 of these were seropositive after the first dose. The percentage of having a previous COVID‐19 (59.1%) among seropositive individuals before 2nd vaccination was significantly higher than those of seropositive individuals (10.96%) after second vaccination (p < 0.0001). In our study, 35 healthcare workers stated that they had previously had a COVID‐19 infection. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody responses in people infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 follow a classical pattern, with a rapid increase within the first 3 weeks after the appearance of symptoms. Although the titers decreased thereafter, the ability to detect anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies supports the view that the majority of subjects previously screened as positive for virus remain intact with confirmed neutralizing activity for up to 6 months.
Regulation of AMPAR trafficking in synaptic plasticity by BDNF and the impact of neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Keifer Joyce 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch demonstrates that the neural mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and learning and memory involve mobilization of AMPA‐type neurotransmitter receptors at glutamatergic synaptic contacts, and that these mechanisms are targeted during neurodegenerative disease. Strengthening neural transmission occurs with insertion of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) into synapses while weakening results from receptor withdrawal. A key player in the trafficking of AMPARs during plasticity and learning is the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling system. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor that supports neuronal growth and is required for learning and memory. Significantly, a primary feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is a reduction in BDNF protein as well as disrupted neuronal surface expression of synaptic AMPARs. The resulting weakening of synaptic contacts leads to synapse loss and neuronal degeneration that underlies the cognitive impairment and dementia observed in patients with progressive neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer’s. In the face of these data, one therapeutic approach is to increase BDNF bioavailability in brain. While this has been met with significant challenges, the results of the research have been promising. In spite of this, there are currently no clinical trials to test many of these findings on patients. Here, research showing that BDNF drives AMPARs to synapses, AMPAR trafficking is essential for synaptic plasticity and learning, and that neurodegenerative disease results in a significant decline in BDNF will be reviewed. The aim is to draw attention to the need for increasing patient‐directed clinical studies to test the possible benefits of increasing levels of neurotrophins, specifically BDNF, to treat brain disorders. Much is known about the cellular mechanisms that underlie learning and memory in brain. It can be concluded that signaling by neurotrophins like BDNF and AMPA‐type glutamate receptor synaptic trafficking are fundamental to these processes. Data from animal models and patients reveal that these mechanisms are adversely targeted during neurodegenerative disease and results in memory loss and cognitive decline. A brief summary of our understanding of these mechanisms indicates that it is time to apply this knowledge base directly to development of therapeutic treatments that enhance neurotrophins for brain disorders in patient populations.
Humble leadership: A review and synthesis of leader expressed humility
Authors: Kelemen Thomas K. , Matthews Samuel H. , Matthews Michael J. , Henry Sarah E. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryRecent academic research has proliferated around the construct of humble leadership. Humble leadership involves having an accurate view of oneself, recognizing the contributions of followers, and modeling teachability. Given the growing interest in this construct, we provide a review of the humble leadership literature. First, we clarify how humble leadership has been defined and measured in the current literature and discuss how it compares to moral‐based leadership approaches. Second, we review the extant literature by examining humble leadership's theoretical and nomological network, highlighting the antecedents, outcomes, moderators, and mediators. Third, we provide an overview of key methodological strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we conclude by drawing upon our review of the literature to present directions for future research that will advance the understanding of humble leadership. In sum, our review highlights the key elements and findings of where humble leadership has been and indicates ways to drive this literature forward.
Leader–member exchange differentiation and employee performance: A political perspective
Authors: Park Haesang , Park Haeseen , Liden Robert C. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryVariability in the quality of relationships between leaders and followers, referred to as leader–member exchange differentiation (LMXD), is common in organizations. In the current study, we propose a political perspective to illustrate the mechanism through which LMXD influences employee task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Using multisource survey data collected from 304 employees working in 62 work groups, we found that LMXD is an antecedent of group political climate, which in turn influences employee work behaviors. The mediating effects of group political climate remained significant after controlling for supervisory justice climate, which has been considered as the dominant mechanism in prior studies in explaining group‐level outcomes of LMXD. Furthermore, we found moderating effects of group political climate and indirect moderating effects of LMXD via group political climate on the relationships between individual level LMX quality and members' work behaviors. Specifically, the results showed that political climate strengthens the positive relationships between individual level LMX quality and employees' task performance and OCB toward individuals and that LMXD indirectly moderates the relationships through group political climate.
Surface texture analysis of different focal knee resurfacing implants after 6 and 12 months in vivo in a goat model
Authors: Aşık Emin E. , Damen Alicia H. A. , van Hugten Pieter P. W. , Roth Alex K. , Thies Jens C. , Emans Pieter J. , Ito Keita , van Donkelaar Corrinus C. , Pastrama Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe clinical success of osteochondral implants depends significantly on their surface properties. In vivo, an implant may roughen over time which can decrease its performance. The present study investigates whether changes in the surface texture of metal and two types of polycarbonate urethane (PCU) focal knee resurfacing implants (FKRIs) occurred after 6 and 12 months of in vivo articulation with native goat cartilage. PCU implants which differed in stem stiffness were compared to investigate whether the stem fixating the implant in the bone influences surface topography. Using optical profilometry, 19 surface texture parameters were evaluated, including spatial distribution and functional parameters obtained from the material ratio curve. For metal implants, wear during in vivo articulation occurred mainly via material removal, as shown by the significant decrease of the core‐valley transition from 91.5% in unused implants to 90% and 89.6% after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Conversely, for PCU implants, the wear mechanism consisted in either filling of the valleys or flattening of the surface by dulling of sharp peaks. This was illustrated in the change in roughness skewness from negative to positive values over 12 months of in vivo articulation. Implants with a softer stem experienced the most deformation, shown by the largest change in material ratio curve parameters. We therefore showed, using a detailed surface profilometry analysis, that the surface texture of metal and two different PCU FKRIs changes in a different way after articulation against cartilage, revealing distinct wear mechanisms of different implant materials.
Effects of Dietary Fermented Red Grape Vinegar and Lactobacillus acidophilus on Growth Performance and Hematobiochemical and Immune Parameters in Juvenile Rainbow Trout
Authors: Omidi Amir Hossein , Bahri Amir Houshang , Yahyavi Maziar , Mohammadizadeh Flora , Hosseini Shekarabi Seyed Pezhman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of different dietary levels of fermented red grape vinegar (RGV) and a probiotic (PRO), Lactobacillus acidophilus (1 × 106 CFU/g), on the growth performance and immunological responses of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for 8 weeks. The juveniles (n = 240; initial weight [mean ± SD] = 101.0 ± 2.8 g) were randomly distributed into eight groups with triplicates and were fed basal (control; free from RGV and PRO), RGV 1%, RGV 2%, RGV 3%, PRO, PRO+RGV 1%, PRO+RGV 2%, and PRO+RGV 3% diets. The highest weight gain (145.0 g), highest specific growth rate (1.6%/d), and best feed conversion ratio (1.2) were obtained with the PRO+RGV 3% treatment. In terms of hematological parameters, the white blood cell count was significantly increased in fish that received the PRO+RGV 2% and PRO+RGV 3% diets. The highest lymphocyte percentage was recorded in fish that were fed PRO+RGV diets compared to other diet groups. The levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced with an increasing level of RGV in the PRO-supplemented diets, and the lowest content of triglycerides (328.5 mg/L) was observed in the PRO+RGV 3% treatment. Moreover, the highest levels of serum (42.8 U/mL) and skin mucosal (36.1 U/mL) lysozyme activities were recorded for the PRO+RGV 3% group. Overall, the combination of PRO and 3% RGV in the Rainbow Trout diet can act as a growth promoter and immunostimulant.
Trends in spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure among adults in a respiratory chamber, 1985 to 2005
Authors: Travis Katherine T. , Ando Takafumi , Stinson Emma J. , Krakoff Jonathan , Gluck Marci E. , Piaggi Paolo , Chang Douglas C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveFidgeting, a type of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), has substantial thermogenic potential. This research aims to examine secular trends in SPA and energy expenditure (EE) inside a respiratory chamber.MethodsFrom 1985 to 2005, healthy adults (n = 678; mean age: 28.8 years; men: 60%; 522 Indigenous American, 129 White, and 27 Black) had a 24‐hour stay in the respiratory chamber equipped with radar sensors. Body composition, glucose tolerance, fasting insulin, insulin action (hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp), and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) were measured as covariates.ResultsSPA, adjusted for age, sex, race, and body composition, declined (r = −0.30, p < 0.0001), with a concomitant rise in the energy cost of SPA (r = 0.30, p < 0.0001). The 24‐hour EE adjusted for covariates increased (r = 0.31, p < 0.0001), which was reflected in increases in EE during sleep (r = 0.18, p < 0.0001) and during the awake, fed condition (r = 0.28, p < 0.0001). The secular trends in SPA or 24‐hour EE were unchanged with adjustment for measures related to glucose metabolism.ConclusionsSecular trend analyses showed a decline in fidgeting. However, this decline in SPA was partially counterbalanced by an increase in energy cost of this activity and a rise in EE. Nevertheless, our results support public health efforts to promote small but sustained changes in these behaviors.
Two cases of pineal anlage tumor with molecular analysis
Authors: Scherpelz Kathryn P. , Crotty Erin E. , Paulson Vera A. , Lockwood Christina M. , Leary Sarah E. S. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Lee Amy , Ermoian Ralph P. , Vitanza Nicholas A. , Cole Bonnie L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPineal anlage tumor is a rare pediatric tumor with clinical and histological features overlapping with pineoblastoma. Two patients with pineal anlage tumor, a 13‐month‐old female and an 11‐month‐old male, underwent subtotal resection, high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue, and radiation. Neither had tumor progression 50 months after diagnosis. The tumors underwent next‐generation sequencing on a panel of 340 genes. Chromosomal copy gains and losses were present and differed between the tumors. No mutations or amplifications, including none specific to pineoblastoma, were identified.
Molecular insights into the primary nucleation of polymorphic amyloid β dimers in DOPC lipid bilayer membrane
Authors: Press‐Sandler Olga , Miller Yifat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is characterized by loss of memory cognitive and behavioral deterioration. One of the hallmarks of AD is amyloid β (Aβ) plaques in the brain that consists of Aβ oligomers and fibrils. It is accepted that oligomers, particularly dimers, are toxic species that are produced extracellularly and intracellularly in membranes. It is believed that the disruption of membranes by polymorphic Aβ oligomers is the key for the pathology of AD. This is a first study that investigate the effect of polymorphic “α‐helix/random coil” and “fibril‐like” Aβ dimers on 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) membrane. It has been found that the DOPC membrane promotes Aβ1–42 “fibril‐like” dimers and impedes Aβ1–42 “α‐helix/random coil” dimers. The N‐termini domains within Aβ1–42 dimers play a role in Aβ aggregation in membrane milieus. In addition, the aromatic π–π interactions (involving residues F19 and F20 in Aβ1–42) are the driving forces for the hydrophobic interactions that initiate the primary nucleation of polymorphic Aβ1–42 dimers within DOPC membrane. Finally, the DOPC bilayer membrane thickness is locally decreased, and it is disrupted by an embedded distinct Aβ1–42 dimer, due to relatively large contacts between Aβ1–42 monomers and the DOPC membrane. This study reveals insights into the molecular mechanisms by which polymorphic early‐stage Aβ1–42 dimers have distinct impacts on DOPC membrane.
The concept of energy in the analysis of system dynamics models
Authors: Hayward John , Roach Paul A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper applies for the first time the Newtonian concept of energy to stock–flow systems and employs it to relate system behaviour to model structure. Kinetic energy and work done are defined analytically using the concepts of loop impact and force from the Newtonian Interpretative Framework and are examined numerically within system dynamics simulations. The energy analogy is used to analyse models by understanding how loops of different orders and types act as energy sources, sinks and exchange, using the system dynamics equivalent of the work–energy theorem. It is shown that energy describes the cumulative effects of feedback on stock behaviour, in contrast to the instantaneous description given by existing methods of loop dominance. This approach gives additional insight over that of existing dominance methods, capturing the dynamical influence of loops even when not dominant. The analogy's explanatory power provides quantitative and informal analysis. © 2022 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Upper Critical Solution Temperature Polyvalent Scaffolds Aggregate and Exterminate Bacteria
Authors: Chen Kai‐Feng , Zhang Yiqing , Lin Jiawei , Chen Jun‐You , Lin Caihong , Gao Meng , Chen Yunhua , Liu Sa , Wang Lin , Cui Zhong‐Kai , Jia Yong‐Guang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpecific recognition and strong affinities of bacteria receptors with the host cell glycoconjugates pave the way to control the bacteria aggregation and kill bacteria. Herein, using aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules decorated upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polyvalent scaffold (PATC‐GlcN), an approach toward visualizing bacteria aggregation and controlling bacteria‐polyvalent scaffolds affinities under temperature stimulus is described. Polyvalent scaffolds with diblocks, one UCST block PATC of polyacrylamides showing a sharp UCST transition and typical AIE behavior, the second bacteria recognition block GlcN of hydrophilic glucosamine modified polyacrylamide, are prepared through a reversible addition and fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Aggregated chain conformation of polyvalent scaffolds at temperature below UCST induces the aggregation of E. coli ATCC8739, because of the high density of glucosamine moieties, whereas beyond UCST, the hydrophilic state of the scaffolds dissociates the bacteria aggregation. The sweet‐talking of bacteria toward the polyvalent scaffolds can be visualized by the fluorescent imaging technique, simultaneously. Due to the specific recognition of polyvalent scaffolds with bacteria, the photothermal agent IR780 loaded PATC‐GlcN shows the targeted killing ability toward E. coli ATCC8739 in vitro and in vivo under NIR radiation.
Synthesis of Uranium Single Atom from Radioactive Wastewater for Enhanced Water Dissociation and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Min , Chen Huimei , Tang Xingrui , Liu Huanhuan , Tu Boyuan , Guo Weicong , Zheng Yamin , Liu Yan , Tang Yongjian , He Rong , Zhu Wenkun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a common nuclide in radioactive wastewater, uranium (U) is generally treated by landfill, which induces the massive abandonment of uranium resources. In this work, a pulse voltammetry method for the synthesis of U single atoms on MoS2 (U/MoS2) nanosheets from radioactive wastewater for the electrocatalytic alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is reported. The mass loading of U single atoms is facilely controlled with high selectivity for coexisting ions in radioactive wastewater. In the electrolyte of 1 m of KOH, U/MoS2 nanosheets with 5.2% of U single atoms exhibit relatively low overpotentials of 72 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The mechanistic study reveals that the HER on U/MoS2 includes the water dissociation on U single atoms to form OH* and H transfer from OH* to adjacent S‐edge atoms. This procedure exhibits decreased activation energy for transition state in water dissociation and optimized Gibbs free energy for H* adsorption.