bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the lower operation limit and the gain of flexibility of an innovative segmented tray column
Authors: Fasel Henrik , Grünewald Marcus , Riese Julia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOperating windows of conventional tray columns may not be large enough to ensure a sufficient separation with the current or future challenges of a volatile energy and raw material supply. Therefore, an innovative, segmented separation tray has been developed, which enlarges the operation window and thus leads to a higher flexibility, managing the challenges of higher volatility in downstream processes. In this contribution, a hydrodynamic characterization and the resulting lower operation limits of this segmented tray are presented. Furthermore, an approach to obtain shorter start‐up times for the column and a resulting faster response time to changes in the process are presented. The feasibility of this type of operation is evaluated by the investigation of the stability of the tray under new operation conditions.
Optimization of reduced graphene oxide production using central composite design from Pennisetum glaucum for biomedical applications
Authors: Preethy Kuppusamy Ravichandran , Chamundeeswari Munusamy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study outlines the toxicity‐free green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (GO) using Celosia argenta. The synthesized sample was characterized by UV‐visible spectroscopy with a strong absorption peak at 260 nm due to redshift. The 2θ value around 24.1° by X‐ray diffraction analysis and the functional groups like ─OH, ─CH2─, ─C═C─, and ─CHO by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy confirmed the reduction of GO. Field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reported stacked sheets with smooth edges with an atomic ratio of carbon:oxygen (83.56:16.44). The transmission electron microscope images proved the reduction of GO by folded thin sheets with the wrinkled appearance of our sample. This novel material showed antibacterial efficiency of 51.72–70.83% for both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive organisms. 89.48% of antioxidant effect and potential anti‐inflammatory property with the IC50 value of 86.04% was reported. RSM study proved the optimization of maximum yield and two‐way analysis of variance reported the statistical significance (p value ≤ 0.05) for its anti‐inflammatory effect. Bio‐Gel formulated with a good spreadability rate and promising biocompatibility was proved with less hemolysis value of 2.74%. The genotoxicity study exposed the aberration‐free active mitotic cell division in onion root tip cells. All these showcased that our biomaterial can find promising applications in biomedical and therapeutic fields.
Analytical characterization of broadly neutralizing antibody CAP256LS heavy chain clipping during manufacturing development
Authors: Gollapudi Deepika , Rosales‐Zavala Erwin , Ivleva Vera B. , Yang Yanhong , Li Yile , O'Connell Sarah , Doria‐Rose Nicole A. , Patel Aakash , Blackstock Daniel , Gowetski Daniel B. , Carlton Kevin , Gall Jason G. D. , Lei Q. Paula 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBroadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) CAP256‐VRC26.25 (abbreviated CAP256LS), a human IgGI monoclonal antibody targeting the V1V2 site of the HIV‐1 envelope, has demonstrated high therapeutic potential as a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody against HIV‐1. During the process development, a heavy chain fragmentation (clipping) was observed, that led to a relative potency reduction. In this report, we highlighted a series of process and product mitigation strategies deployed to advance this product. We have detailed how analytical characterization tools, especially the microchip reduced capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE‐SDS), played a pivotal role in identifying the development issues and in providing measurements to guide implementation of mitigation strategies.
Initial therapeutic results of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and the importance of hepatic functional reserve
Authors: Tomonari Tetsu , Tani Joji , Sato Yasushi , Tanaka Hironori , Tanaka Takahiro , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Asahiro Morishita , Okamoto Koichi , Sogabe Masahiro , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Muguruma Naoki , Masaki Tsutomu , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimWe analyzed the association between the modified albumin–bilirubin (mALBI) grade and therapeutic efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo+Bev) for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC).MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we included 71 u‐HCC patients treated with Atezo+Bev between September 2020 and September 2021. Patients were grouped corresponding to the mALBI grade at the start of treatment (mALBI 1+2a or mALBI 2b+3) and analyzed for therapeutic effect and the transition rate to secondary treatment.ResultsAccording to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, the overall response rate was significantly higher for the mALBI 1+2a group, than for the mALBI 2b+3 group, with 26.2% and 3.4%, respectively. The progression‐free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in the mALBI 1+2a group (10.5 months) than in the mALBI 2b+3 group (3.0 months). In the multivariate analysis, an mALBI of 1+2a was found to be an independent factor of PFS. The rate of second‐line treatment with multi‐targeted agents was also significantly higher in the mALBI 1+2a group.ConclusionsIn real‐world practice, Atezo+Bev treatment might have higher therapeutic efficacy in u‐HCC patients with mALBI 1+2a.
A Comprehensive Review on Microalgae‐Based Biorefinery as Two‐Way Source of Wastewater Treatment and Bioresource Recovery
Authors: Malik Sumira , Kishore Shristi , Bora Jutishna , Chaudhary Vishal , Kumari Anjali , Kumari Preeti , Kumar Lamha , Bhardwaj Abhaya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the past few years, microalgae have gained huge recognition from the scientific community due to their potential applications in the production of a broad array of bio‐based products varying from biofuels to nanoparticles. Due to their elevated growth rate, high tolerance to various types of abiotic stresses, and complex metabolic capacity, microalgae can be used as promising tools for the attainment of a circular bioeconomy. Moreover, they can simply utilize nutrients from wastewater for biorefinery purposes, resulting in resource recovery coupled with wastewater treatment. However, due to their sub‐optimal yields and high production costs, microalgae‐based bio‐products have not yet been commercialized. This review provides insights into the employment of microalgae as an efficient bioresource for the treatment of wastewater with simultaneous enactment as a biorefinery to produce biofuels, biochar, bioplastic, fertilizers, and other high‐value bioproducts. Furthermore, the application of microalgal nanoparticles in wastewater treatment and prospects for genetic modification of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities have also been briefly highlighted.
Diabetes is accompanied by changes in the levels of proteins involved in endosomal GLUT4 trafficking in obese human skeletal muscle
Authors: Livingstone Rachel , Bryant Nia J. , Boyle James G. , Petrie John R. , Gould Gwyn W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe regulated delivery of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane underpins insulin‐stimulated glucose transport. Insulin‐stimulated glucose transport is impaired in skeletal muscle of patients with type‐2 diabetes, and this may arise because of impaired intracellular trafficking of GLUT4. However, molecular details of any such impairment have not been described. We hypothesized that GLUT4 and/or levels of proteins involved in intracellular GLUT4 trafficking may be impaired in skeletal muscle in type‐2 diabetes and tested this in obese individuals without and without type‐2 diabetes.MethodsWe recruited 12 participants with type‐2 diabetes and 12 control participants. All were overweight or obese with BMI of 25–45 kg/m2. Insulin sensitivity was measured using an insulin suppression test (IST), and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken in the fasted state. Cell extracts were immunoblotted to quantify levels of a range of proteins known to be involved in intracellular GLUT4 trafficking.ResultsObese participants with type‐2 diabetes exhibited elevated fasting blood glucose and increased steady state glucose infusion rates in the IST compared with controls. Consistent with this, skeletal muscle from those with type‐2 diabetes expressed lower levels of GLUT4 (30%, p = .014). Levels of Syntaxin4, a key protein involved in GLUT4 vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane, were similar between groups. By contrast, we observed reductions in levels of Syntaxin16 (33.7%, p = 0.05), Sortilin (44%, p = .006) and Sorting Nexin‐1 (21.5%, p = .039) and −27 (60%, p = .001), key proteins involved in the intracellular sorting of GLUT4, in participants with type‐2 diabetes.ConclusionsWe report significant reductions of proteins involved in the endosomal trafficking of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle in obese people with type 2 diabetes compared with age‐ and weight‐matched controls. These abnormalities of intracellular GLUT4 trafficking may contribute to reduced whole body insulin sensitivity.
The pattern of physical disability and determinants of activities of daily living among people with diabetes in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sabrina , Faruque Mithila , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Roby Naym Uddin , Ashraf Fatema , Yano Yuichiro , Miura Katsuyuki , Ahmed M. S. A. Mansur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes mellitus itself is a known predictor of physical disability and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL); however, there are existing controversies about the factors explaining the association between diabetes and disability. Therefore, we assessed the possible determinants associated with ADL impairment among people with diabetes in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among 480 people with diabetes aged between 50 and 70 years, and attended a tertiary level hospital in Dhaka city. For determining the ADL impairment, we used the Katz Index Scoring (6 = no impairment; <6 = impairment). Age, sex, educational attainment, household expenditure, body mass index, the status of diabetes (controlled or uncontrolled), hypertension and medication adherence to anti‐diabetic drugs were included in the statistical models, and we defined any ADL impairment (Katz score <6) as an event. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the significance of relevant factors.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 59.0 (standard deviation [SD], 7.0) years. The majority of the participants (76.3%) had at least some sort of physical disability. In multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for all covariates simultaneously, age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.35 [1.20 to 1.75] per 1−SD increment), BMI (1.32 [1.08 to 1.21] per 1−SD increment), higher educational attainment (0.34 [0.09–0.90]), multi‐morbidity (2.79 [1.48–5.25]) and uncontrolled diabetes (1.35 [1.10–1.45]) were independently associated with ADL impairment.ConclusionsPhysical disability was common, and ADL impairment was associated with age, educational attainment, BMI, multi‐morbidities and uncontrolled diabetes among the people with diabetes in Bangladesh.
Influenza infection is not associated with phenotypical frailty in older patients, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Takahashi Paul , Wi Chung‐Il , Ryu Euijung , King Katherine , Hickman Joel , Pignolo Robert , Juhn Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsInfluenza is a challenging infectious illness for older adults. It is not completely clear whether influenza is associated with frailty or functional decline. We sought to determine the association between incident influenza infection and frailty and prefrailty in community patients over 50 years of age. We also investigated the association between influenza vaccination and frailty and prefrailty as a secondary aim.MethodsThis was a prospective community cohort study from October 2019 to November 2020 in participants over 50 years. The primary outcome was the development of frailty as defined by three of five frailty criteria (slow gait speed, low grip strength, 5% weight loss, low energy, and low physical functioning). The primary predictor was a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza infection. Influenza vaccination was based on electronic health record reviewing 1 year before enrollment. We reported the relationship between influenza and frailty by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), influenza vaccine, and previous self‐rated frailty from multinomial logistic regression model comparing frail and prefrail to nonfrail subjects.ResultsIn 1135 participants, the median age was 67 years (interquartile range 60−74), with 41% men. Eighty‐one participants had PCR‐confirmed influenza (7.1%). Frailty was not associated with influenza, with an OR of 0.50 (95% CI 0.17−1.43) for frail participants compared to nonfrail participants. Influenza vaccination is associated with frailty, with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.09−2.63) for frail compared to nonfrail. Frailty was associated with a higher CCI with an OR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.31−1.76).ConclusionWe did not find a relationship between influenza infection and frailty. We found higher vaccination rates in participants with frailty compared to nonfrail participants While influenza was not associated with frailty, future work may involve longer follow‐up.
Factors associated with positive attitude towards hypertension control in Hawassa city administration: Community based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Paulose Tsegab , Nkosi Zerish Z. , Endriyas Misganu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn low‐income countries where there is shortage of appropriate medical care to manage hypertension (HTN), understanding dynamics of communities' knowledge and attitude to prevent through lifestyle is crucial. Despite this fact, there was limited information on levels of awareness and attitude towards HTN and its prevention in the study setting. So, this study was conducted to assess level and factors associated with positive attitude in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community level study using cross‐sectional design was done in Hawassa city administration in 2017. Six hundred and twelve respondents were selected using a multi‐stage sampling technique. Knowledge and attitude were assessed using multiple questions and responses were categorized considering mean as cutoff points. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis at 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed.ResultsThe level of mean score of knowledge was 62.7% (SD = 22.2) [95% CI: 60.9–64.4] while that of attitude was 68.1% (SD = 8.8) [95% CI: 67.4–68.8]. Divorced/widowed respondents were 73% less likely to have positive attitude as compared to married respondents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 95% CI: 0.27 [0.14–0.51],p‐<0.001). Respondents who attended primary, secondary and higher education were 2.84 times (AOR 95% CI: [1.48–5.42],p0.002), 5.59 times (AOR 95% CI: [2.87–10.89],p‐<0.001) and 9.28 times (AOR 95% CI: [4.39–19.65],p‐<0.001) more likely to have positive attitude as compared to those who cannot read and write. Moreover, respondents who have good knowledge were 2.24 times (AOR 95% CI: [1.49–3.37],p‐<0.001) more likely to have positive attitude as compared with those who have poor knowledge.ConclusionThe overall levels of knowledge and attitude related to HTN and its prevention were moderate but not adequate to bring lifestyle modifications required to prevent and control HTN. Health promotion activities should be strengthened to improve awareness and attitude that are pillars to bring lifestyle modification practices.
Placenta accreta spectrum ultrasound stage and fetal growth
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Walsh Jennifer M. , O'Connor Clare , McParland Peter , Carroll Stephen , Higgins Shane , Mulligan Karen M. , Downey Paul , Brophy David , Colleran Gabrielle , Thompson Claire , Walsh Tom , O'Brien Donal J. , Brennan Donal J. , McVey Ruaidhri , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Donnelly Jennifer , Corcoran Siobhan M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveto evaluate fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and to compare fetal growth between cases stratified by ultrasound stage of PAS.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter cohort study of women diagnosed with PAS between January 2018 and December 2021. We grouped participants into cases by ultrasound stage (PAS stage 1–3) and controls (PAS0). Fetal growth centiles at three timepoints with median gestational ages of 21 ± 1 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 20 ± 1–22 ± 0 weeks), 28 ± 0 weeks (IQR, 27 ± 0–28 ± 5 weeks), and 33 ± 0 weeks (IQR, 32 ± 1–34 ± 0 weeks) and birth weight centiles were compared between cases and controls and between those with PAS stratified by ultrasound stage.ResultsA total of 53 women met inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 37 years (standard deviation, ±4.0 years) and body mass index of 27 kg/m2 (standard deviation, ±5.8 kg/m2). Median (IQR) fetal weight centiles were around the 50th centile at each timepoint, with no difference between groups. The incidence of small for gestational age (birth weight ≤ 10th percentile) and large for gestational age (birth weight ≥ 90th percentile) was 11.3% (n = 6) and 15.1% (n = 8), respectively, with no differences by ultrasound stage. The median birth weight centile was 64 (IQR, 26–85), with no differences between cases and controls or by ultrasound stage.ConclusionsIn our cohort, a diagnosis of PAS was not associated with fetal growth restriction.
Human osteoprogenitor cells obtained from traumatic heterotopic ossification samples showed enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential and ERK/hedgehog signaling than that from normal bone
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Li Juehong , Sun Ziyang , Tu Bing , Wang Wei , Luo Gang , He Yunwei , Jiang Shichao , Fan Cunyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the abnormal ectopic osteogenesis following trauma, causing limb dysfunction and seriously lowering the life quality of patients. Aberrant osteogenic behavior of progenitor cells that ectopically accumulated within the soft tissues are believed to be responsible for HO formation. However, the detailed mechanism still remained to be clarified. Here in this study, we successfully isolated osteoprogenitors from human heterotopic ossification tissues (HO‐ops) and identified their stemness and multi‐directional differentiation potential. Using alkaline phosphatase staining together with alizarin red staining, we confirmed that the HO‐ops in the heterotopic ossified tissues gained greater osteogenic potential than the normal human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs). RT‐qPCR also indicated that HO‐ops obtained more gene transcriptions of critical osteogenic determinators than HBMSCs. In addition, through Western blot, we proved that ERK signaling pathway and hedgehog signaling pathway were significantly activated in the HO‐ops. When U0126 and cyclopamine were used to inhibit ERK signaling and hedgehog signaling respectively, the osteogenic potential of HO‐ops decreased significantly. The hedgehog signaling and ERK signaling also showed cross‐talk in HO‐ops during osteogenic differentiation in HO‐ops during osteogenic differentiation. The elevated ERK signaling and hedgehog signaling were further confirmed in the human traumatic HO sample sections by immunohistochemical staining. In sum, our results showed that the activation of ERK and hedgehog signaling pathway jointly enhanced the osteogenic potential of HO‐ops to induce the formation of traumatic HO, which provides novel insights into the molecular basis of HO formation and offers promising targets for future therapeutic strategy.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris) using subcritical water extraction
Authors: Mohammadi Soniya , Alfaro Andrea C. , Baroutian Saeid , Seyfoddin Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOwing to their biodiversity, many valuable natural compounds have been extracted from marine resources and used in the development of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products. The New Zealand black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris) is known to host a variety of bioactive compounds in its flesh.RESULTSWater‐soluble bioactive compounds were extracted from H. iris by subcritical water extraction technique, and the effect of subcritical water temperature (110–280 °C) on the extraction performance was studied. The highest antioxidant activity and subsequently glycogen and phenolic content, as well as concentration of bioactives, were found at temperatures between 220 and 250 °C. The carbohydrate content of the extracts peaked at 110 °C, which was then degraded at higher temperatures. Protein and amino acid contents of H. iris extracts were also decreased as the temperature increased above 160 °C. Furthermore, the H. iris extracts were found to be non‐toxic.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that extraction temperature has a significant impact on the bioactivity of H. iris extracts. Subcritical water extraction can be used in place of more traditional techniques to create high‐quality abalone extracts. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fog trends in India: Relationships to fog type and western disturbances
Authors: Smith Daniel K. E. , Dorling Stephen R. , Renfrew Ian A. , Ross Andrew N. , Poku Craig 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFog is a major hazard in wintertime over India, particularly in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains, leading to significant impacts for transport and human health. Using 3‐hourly surface observations, from 69 sites across India, all fog and dense fog events between 2000 and 2020 are identified. For each event, the main fog formation mechanism is objectively categorized using a classification algorithm, distinguishing between radiation, advection, evaporation, precipitation or cloud‐base lowering fog types. In contrast to the findings of other international studies, radiation fog dominates as the most common fog type at the vast majority of locations in India, accounting for 68.1% of all fog events and 70.0% of dense fog events. Statistically significant positive trends are seen in the frequency of all fog events at Delhi, Lucknow and Patna, in the Indo‐Gangetic plains, between 1997/1998 and 2018/2019, dominated by comparable statistically significant positive trends in radiation fogs. Western disturbances (WD) are often linked to the formation of fog in India. Using a climatology of WDs, we show that 46.9% of radiation fog onsets in Delhi in December and January, the primary fog months, happened in conjunction with an active WD event. Conversely, only 32.3% of WDs during these same months coincided with the onset of a radiation fog event. WD‐related radiation fog events are shown to cluster into three distinct groups, with WD centres located to the northwest (51.4% of cases), southwest (13.3%) and east (35.2%) of Delhi. Each cluster is shown to have coherent and distinct near‐surface characteristics which are conducive to fog formation. Trends in WD frequency cannot fully account for the observed trends in fog events. We argue that the fog trends are more likely the result of a complex interaction between urban expansion and the associated rapid change in aerosol loading, resulting in impacts on radiation balance, microphysics and heat‐island processes.