bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blocking GARP-mediated activation of TGF-β1 did not alter innate or adaptive immune responses to bacterial infection or protein immunization in mice
Authors: Gaignage Mélanie , Zhang Xuhao , Stockis Julie , Dedobbeleer Olivier , Michiels Camille , Cochez Perrine , Dumoutier Laure , Coulie Pierre G. , Lucas Sophie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransmembrane protein GARP binds latent TGF-β1 to form GARP:(latent)TGF-β1 complexes on the surface of several cell types including Tregs, B-cells, and platelets. Upon stimulation, these cells release active TGF-β1. Blocking TGF-β1 activation by Tregs with anti-GARP:TGF-β1 mAbs overcomes resistance to PD1/PD-L1 blockade and induces immune-mediated regressions of murine tumors, indicating that Treg-derived TGF-β1 inhibits anti-tumor immunity. TGF-β1 exerts a vast array of effects on immune responses. For example, it favors differentiation of TH17 cells and B-cell switch to IgA production, two important processes for mucosal immunity. Here, we sought to determine whether treatment with anti-GARP:TGF-β1 mAbs would perturb immune responses to intestinal bacterial infection. We observed no aggravation of intestinal disease, no systemic dissemination, and no alteration of innate or adaptative immune responses upon oral gavage ofC. rodentiumin highly susceptibleIl22r−/−mice treated with anti-GARP:TGF-β1 mAbs. To examine the effects of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade on Ig production, we compared B cell- and THcell- responses to OVA or CTB protein immunization in mice carrying deletions ofGarpin Tregs, B cells, or platelets. No alteration of adaptive immune responses to protein immunization was observed in the absence of GARP on any of these cells. Altogether, we show that antibody-mediated blockade of GARP:TGF-β1 or genetic deletion ofGarpin Tregs, B cells or platelets, do not alter innate or adaptive immune responses to intestinal bacterial infection or protein immunization in mice. Anti-GARP:TGF-β1 mAbs, currently tested for cancer immunotherapy, may thus restore anti-tumor immunity without severely impairing other immune defenses.PrécisImmunotherapy with GARP:TGF-β1 mAbs may restore anti-tumor immunity without impairing immune or inflammatory responses required to maintain homeostasis or host defense against infection, notably at mucosal barriers.
Postoperative Reduction Quality May Be the Most Important Factor That Causes Worse Functional Outcomes in Open and Closed Pelvic Fractures
Authors: Lai Chih‐Yang , Lai Po‐Ju , Tseng I‐Chuan , Su Chun‐Yi , Hsu Yung‐Heng , Chou Ying‐Chao , Yu Yi‐Hsun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundData on the functional outcomes of patients with open pelvic fractures after osteosynthesis are limited, and whether open fracture is a risk factor for worse outcomes, as compared with closed fracture, remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of patients with open and closed pelvic fractures and evaluate potential factors that might affect outcomes.MethodsOverall, 19 consecutive patients with open pelvic fractures and 78 patients with closed pelvic fractures between January 2014 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All fractures were surgically treated, with a minimal follow‐up period of three years. Patients’ demographic profile, associated injuries, management protocol, quality of reduction, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.ResultsPatients with open pelvic fractures had higher new injury severity score, higher incidence of diverting colostomy, and longer length of stay. Both radiological and functional evaluations revealed no significant differences between the two groups at 1‐year and 3‐year evaluations. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified poor radiological outcomes (using Lefaivre criteria) and longer length of stay as risk factors for worse short‐term functional outcomes. At 3‐year evaluation, fair‐to‐poor radiological outcomes (using Matta/Tornetta and Lefaivre criteria) and the presence of diverting colostomy were potential risk factors.ConclusionsCompared with closed pelvic fracture, open pelvic fracture was not an indicator of worse functional outcomes. Functional outcomes may be comparable between patients with open and closed pelvic fractures at different time points within three years postoperatively. Achieving anatomical reduction in a fracture is crucial, because it might affect patient satisfaction.
Relationship between platelet aggregation and stroke risk after percutaneous coronary intervention: a PENDULUM analysis
Authors: Matsumaru Yuji , Kitazono Takanari , Kadota Kazushige , Nakao Koichi , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Shite Junya , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Kozuma Ken , Tanabe Kengo , Akasaka Takashi , Shinke Toshiro , Ueno Takafumi , Hirayama Atsushi , Uemura Shiro , Kuroda Takeshi , Takita Atsushi , Harada Atsushi , Iijima Raisuke , Murakami Yoshitaka , Saito Shigeru , Nakamura Masato 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a stent, high on-treatment platelet reactivity may be associated with an increased risk of stroke. This post hoc analysis of the PENDULUM registry compared the risk of post-PCI stroke according to on-treatment P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) values. Patients aged ≥ 20 years who underwent PCI were stratified by baseline PRU (at 12 and 48 h post-PCI) as either high (HPR, > 208), optimal (OPR, > 85 to ≤ 208), or low on-treatment platelet reactivity (LPR, ≤ 85). The incidences of non-fatal ischemic and non-ischemic stroke through to 12 months post-PCI were recorded. Almost all enrolled patients (6102/6267 [97.4%]) had a risk factor for ischemic stroke, and most were receiving dual antiplatelet therapy. Of the 5906 patients with PRU data (HPR, n = 2227; OPR, n = 3002; LPR, n = 677), 47 had a non-fatal stroke post-PCI (cumulative incidence: 0.68%, ischemic; 0.18%, non-ischemic stroke). Patients with a non-fatal ischemic stroke event had statistically significantly higher post-PCI PRU values versus those without an event (P = 0.037). The incidence of non-fatal non-ischemic stroke was not related to PRU value. When the patients were stratified by PRU ≤ 153 versus > 153 at 12–48 h post-PCI, a significant difference was observed in the cumulative incidence of non-fatal stroke at 12 months (P = 0.044). We found that patients with ischemic stroke tended to have higher PRU values at 12–48 h after PCI versus those without ischemic stroke.Clinical trial registration: UMIN000020332.
Contribution of voluntary fortified foods to micronutrient intake in The Netherlands
Authors: de Jong Marjolein H. , Nawijn Eline L. , Verkaik-Kloosterman Janneke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In the Netherlands, voluntary fortification of foods with micronutrients is allowed under strict regulations. This study investigates the impact of voluntary food fortification practices in the Netherlands on the frequency and type of fortified food consumption and on the micronutrient intakes of the Dutch population.

Methods
Data of the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (2012–2016; N = 4314; 1–79 year) and the Dutch Food Composition Database (NEVO version 2016) was used. To determine if voluntary fortified foods could be classified as healthy foods, criteria of the Dutch Wheel of Five were used. Habitual intakes of users and non-users of voluntary food fortification were calculated using Statistical Program to Assess Dietary Exposure (SPADE) and compared.

Results
Within the Dutch population, 75% could be classified as user of voluntary fortified foods. Consumed voluntary fortified foods were mostly within food groups ‘Fats and Oils’, ‘Non-alcoholic Beverages’ and ‘Dairy products and Substitutes’ and fell mostly outside the Wheel of Five. Voluntary foods contributed between 9 and 78% to total micronutrient intake of users. Users had up to 64% higher habitual micronutrient intakes, compared to non-users. These higher intakes resulted into lower risks on inadequate intakes, and did not contribute to increased risks of excessive intakes.

Conclusion
Although voluntary fortified foods increased micronutrient intakes, most of these foods cannot be classified as healthy foods. Future studies should study the association between higher micronutrient intakes and (potential) excessive intakes of e.g. saturated fat and sugar to better understand the role of voluntary fortified foods in a healthy food pattern.
Standardized fracture creation in the distal humerus and the olecranon for surgical training and biomechanical testing
Authors: Schmoelz Werner , Zierleyn Jan Philipp , Hoermann Romed , Arora Rohit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Surgical training and biomechanical testing require models that realistically represent the in vivo injury condition. The aim of this work was to develop and test a method for the generation of distal humerus fractures and olecranon fractures in human specimens, while preserving the soft tissue envelope.

Methods
Twenty-one cadaveric upper extremity specimens (7 female, 14 male) were used. Two different experimental setups were developed, one to generate distal humerus fractures and one to generate olecranon fractures. Specimens were placed in a material testing machine and fractured with a predefined displacement. The force required for fracturing and the corresponding displacement were recorded and the induced energy was derived of the force–displacement graphs. After fracturing, CT imaging was performed and fractures were classified according to the AO classification.

Results
Eleven distal humerus fractures and 10 olecranon fractures with intact soft tissue envelope could be created. Distal humerus fractures were classified as AO type C (n = 9) and as type B (n = 2), all olecranon fractures were classified as AO type B (n = 10). Distal humerus fractures required significantly more load than olecranon fractures (6077 N ± 1583 vs 4136 N ± 2368, p = 0.038) and absorbed more energy until fracture than olecranon fractures (17.8 J ± 9.1 vs 11.7 J ± 7.6, p = 0.11), while the displacement at fracture was similar (5.8 mm ± 1.6 vs 5.9 mm ± 3.1, p = 0.89).

Conclusion
The experimental setups are suitable for generating olecranon fractures and distal humerus fractures with intact soft tissue mantle for surgical training and biomechanical testing.
A perspective on persistent toxicants in veterans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identifying exposures determining higher ALS risk
Authors: Re Diane B. , Yan Beizhan , Calderón-Garcidueñas Lilian , Andrew Angeline S. , Tischbein Maeve , Stommel Elijah W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple studies indicate that United States veterans have an increased risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to civilians. However, the responsible etiological factors are unknown. In the general population, specific occupational (e.g. truck drivers, airline pilots) and environmental exposures (e.g. metals, pesticides) are associated with an increased ALS risk. As such, the increased prevalence of ALS in veterans strongly suggests that there are exposures experienced by military personnel that are disproportionate to civilians. During service, veterans may encounter numerous neurotoxic exposures (e.g. burn pits, engine exhaust, firing ranges). So far, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating environmental factors contributing to ALS in veterans and even fewer assessing their exposure using biomarkers. Herein, we discuss ALS pathogenesis in relation to a series of persistent neurotoxicants (often emitted as mixtures) including: chemical elements, nanoparticles and lipophilic toxicants such as dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. We propose these toxicants should be directly measured in veteran central nervous system tissue, where they may have accumulated for decades. Specific toxicants (or mixtures thereof) may accelerate ALS development following a multistep hypothesis or act synergistically with other service-linked exposures (e.g. head trauma/concussions). Such possibilities could explain the lower age of onset observed in veterans compared to civilians. Identifying high-risk exposures within vulnerable populations is key to understanding ALS etiopathogenesis and is urgently needed to act upon modifiable risk factors for military personnel who deserve enhanced protection during their years of service, not only for their short-term, but also long-term health.
Carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy with or without atezolizumab as front-line management for treatment-naïve metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 staining: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Bo , Cheng Huihui , Li Kunhong , Lv Yukai , Zeng Xianshang , Liu Tao , Yu Weiguang , Guo Wenbo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this retrospective review was to compare the efficacy and safety of the atezolizumab plus carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel regimen versus the carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel regimen as front-line management for treatment-naïve, metastatic nonsquamous programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a selected population.

Methods
Consecutive patients with untreated, metastatic nonsquamous PD-L1-positive NSCLC who initially received the atezolizumab plus carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel (ACN) regimen or carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel (CN) regimen were retrospectively identified in two medical institutions from 2017 to 2020. The co-primary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end point was the rate of key adverse events (AEs).

Results
In sum, 171 patients were retrospectively analysed, 47 of whom were excluded according to the criteria used in this study, leaving 124 patients (ACN: n = 60, median age 64 years [range 46–75]; CN: n = 64, 63 years [47–72]). The median duration of follow-up was 27 months [range 1–37]. At the final follow-up, the median OS was 19.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.3–22.5) in the ACN group vs. 14.8 months (95% CI 12.5–17.2) in the CN group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.77; p = 0.001). A marked distinction in the median PFS was seen (8.5 months [95% CI 6.7–9.4] in the ACN group vs. in the CN group [5.1 months [95% CI 3.6–6.8; HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.38–0.95; p = 0.005]). The rates of the key AEs (neutropenia and anaemia) were greater in the ACN group than in the CN group (all p < 0.05), but these AEs were manageable.

Conclusion
Among selected populations of individuals with treatment-naïve, metastatic nonsquamous PD-L1-positive NSCLC, atezolizumab combined with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy might have encouraging anticancer activity, with a tolerable safety profile.
Segmental resection of splenic flexure colon cancers provides an adequate lymph node harvest and is a safe operative approach – an analysis of the ACS-NSQIP database
Authors: Pang Allison J. , Marinescu Daniel , Morin Nancy , Vasilevsky Carol-Ann , Boutros Marylise 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Fewer than 10% of colon cancers are found at the splenic flexure. A standard surgical approach to these cancers has not been defined. The goal of this study was to compare lymph node harvest and post-operative morbidity between segmental resection and formal left hemicolectomy for splenic flexure colon cancers.

Method
Patients diagnosed with a splenic flexure cancer were identified from the 2012–2018 ACS-NSQIP colectomy-targeted database. Patients were categorized based on type of surgical resection – left hemicolectomy with colorectal anastomosis or segmental colectomy with colocolonic anastomosis. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and post-operative outcomes were compared between groups. Factors independently associated with lymph node harvest, operative time, and post-operative morbidity were investigated by linear and binomial logistic regression models.

Results
A total of 3,049 patients underwent colectomy for a splenic flexure cancer. Of these, 83.6% had a segmental colectomy and 73% were performed by a minimally invasive approach. T- and N-stage did not differ between segmental and left hemicolectomy groups (p = 0.703 and p = 0.429, respectively). Inadequate nodal harvest (< 12 nodes) was infrequent and similar between the two procedures (7.4% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.13). Operative time was significantly shorter for segmental colectomy (213 ± 83.5 min vs. 193 ± 84.1 min, p < 0.0001) and major morbidity was similar between the two surgical techniques (8.4% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.75). After accounting for demographic, clinicopathologic, and operative factors, binomial logistic regression showed that type of procedure was not significantly associated with LN harvest (OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.54–1.17) or major morbidity (OR 1.17, 95%CI 0.36–3.81). However, on linear regression, segmental splenic flexure resection was associated with shorter operative time (estimate 20.29, 95%CI 12.61–27.97, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Splenic flexure resection for colon cancer is associated with an adequate lymph node harvest. Compared to a formal left hemicolectomy, a segmental resection also has a shorter operative time with equivalent post-operative morbidity.
Sexual dysfunction associated with prostate cancer treatment in Japanese men: a qualitative research
Authors: Hayashi Saeko , Oishi Fumiko , Sato Kazuki , Fukuda Hiromi , Ando Shoko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the experiences of Japanese men with sexual dysfunction associated with various prostate cancer treatments.

Methods
We included 38 Japanese men who underwent the following initial treatments for prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy (n = 10), external beam radiotherapy (n = 12), brachytherapy (n = 5), and androgen deprivation therapy (n = 11). Semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding sexual dysfunction associated with prostate cancer treatment. Data were analyzed using a content analysis method. To obtain a unique experience for each treatment, we confirmed and organized the treatment method from which the code that constituted each category was derived. The category reliability was calculated based on Scott’s formula for the matching rate of the classification by three qualitative researchers. The criterion for good reliability was set at 70%.

Results
Japanese men with sexual dysfunction associated with prostate cancer treatments experienced the following: a desire to maintain sexual function and conflict in decision-making concerning the initial treatment for prostate cancer; a loss of values related to sexual dysfunction; an uncertainty regarding the consequences of sexual dysfunction; a sense of calm with fewer adverse effects of sexual dysfunction at the early treatment stage; an effort to accept sexual dysfunction; and management of their changed body at the later treatment stages. The concordance rates for the categories were 70% and 78%. Additionally, there were glimpses of experiences common to all treatments and trends in treatment-specific experiences.

Conclusion
It is necessary to provide care based on the experience of Japanese men with sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment.
Classification of lower limb motor imagery based on iterative EEG source localization and feature fusion
Authors: Peng Xiaobo , Liu Junhong , Huang Ying , Mao Yanhao , Li Dong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMotor imagery (MI) brain–computer interface (BCI) systems have broad application prospects in rehabilitation and other fields. However, to achieve accurate and practical MI-BCI applications, there are still several critical issues, such as channel selection, electroencephalogram (EEG) feature extraction and EEG classification, needed to be better resolved. In this paper, these issues are studied for lower limb MI which is more difficult and less studied than upper limb MI. First, a novel iterative EEG source localization method is proposed for channel selection. Channels FC1, FC2, C1, C2 and Cz, instead of the commonly used traditional channel set (TCS) C3, C4 and Cz, are selected as the optimal channel set (OCS). Then, a multi-domain feature (MDF) extraction algorithm is presented to fuse single-domain features into multi-domain features. Finally, a particle swarm optimization based support vector machine (SVM) method is utilized to classify the EEG data collected by the lower limb MI experiment designed by us. The results show that the classification accuracy is 88.43%, 3.35–5.41% higher than those of using traditional SVM to classify single-domain features on the TCS, which proves that the combination of OCS and MDF can not only reduce the amount of data processing, but also retain more feature information to improve the accuracy of EEG classification.
Early pregnancy hyperglycaemia as a significant predictor of large for gestational age neonates
Authors: Jayasinghe Imasha Upulini , Koralegedara Iresha Sandamali , Agampodi Suneth Buddhika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aims
We aimed to determine the effect of early pregnancy hyperglycaemia on having a large for gestational age (LGA) neonate.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in their first trimester. One-step plasma glucose (PG) evaluation procedure was performed to assess gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria with International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) thresholds. The main outcome studied was large for gestational age neonates (LGA).

Results
A total of 2,709 participants were recruited with a mean age of 28 years (SD = 5.4) and a median gestational age (GA) of eight weeks (interquartile range [IQR] = 2). The prevalence of GDM in first trimester (T1) was 15.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.7–16.4). Previously undiagnosed DM was detected among 2.5% of the participants. Out of 2,285 live births with a median delivery GA of 38 weeks (IQR = 3), 7.0% were LGA neonates. The cumulative incidence of LGA neonates in women with GDM and DM was 11.1 and 15.5 per 100 women, respectively. The relative risk of having an LGA neonate among women with DM and GDM was 2.30 (95% CI = 1.23–4.28) and 1.80 (95% CI = 1.27–2.53), respectively. The attributable risk percentage of a LGA neonate for hyperglycaemia was 15.01%. T1 fasting PG was significantly correlated with both neonatal birth weight and birth weight centile.

Conclusions
The proposed WHO criteria for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy are valid, even in T1, for predicting LGA neonates. The use of IADPSG threshold for Fasting PG, for risk assessment in early pregnancy in high-risk populations is recommended.