bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of new measures of population ageing using quantity and quality of remaining life years to India and selected states
Authors: Kundu Sampurna , Dhillon Preeti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the latter part of the third stage, India is in demographic transition with declining fertility and mortality. This marked decline in death rates is driven by improvements in health conditions due to medical progress and better living conditions. The conventional measures of ageing do not account for the significant improvements in health and life expectancy, thus leading to a tendency to overestimate the impact of population ageing when these indicators are used. The old-age threshold in the conventional measures of ageing depends on chronological age. The present study estimated the multi-dimensional old-age thresholds (MOAT) based on the remaining life expectancy (RLE), self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADL), handgrip strength, and cognition in India and selected states. The standard population was derived for each dimension for 50 and over in states using the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health data. Keeping the dimensional characteristics as of the standard population, the estimated MOAT for India was 67 years where Maharashtra stands at the top (68.6), followed by, West Bengal (66.5) and Karnataka (66). A 64 year old woman was similar to 68.8 year old man, and a 66 year old rural person was equivalent to 68 year old urban person. The study suggests implications of MOATs on reducing the burden of ageing and increment in retirement age.
Surviving Conquest: The Maya of Guatemala in Historical Perspective
Authors: Lovell W. George 
Published: October 2022

Little by little heavy shadows and black night enveloped our fathers and grandfathers and us also, oh, my sons …!All of us were thus. We were born to die!The Annals of the Cakchiquels (ca. 1550–1600)The Maya of Guatemala are today, as they have been in the past, a dominated and beleaguered group. Few have expressed this enduring reality more poignantly than the late Oliver La Farge. Commenting forty years ago on why Kanjobal Indians take to drink, La Farge observed that “while these people undoubtedly suffer from drunkenness, one would hesitate to remove the bottle from them until the entire pattern of their lives is changed. They are an introverted people, consumed by internal fires which they cannot or dare not express, eternally chafing under the yoke of conquest, and never for a moment forgetting that they are a conquered people.”
Protection against cystic echinococcosis in sheep using an Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant antigen (EG95) as a bacterin
Authors: Gauci Charles G. , Jenkins David J. , Lightowlers Marshall W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe EG95 recombinant vaccine is protective against cystic echinococcus in animal intermediate hosts. Preparation of the existing, registered EG95 vaccines involves semi-purification of the vaccine protein, adding to the cost of production. Truncation of the EG95 cDNA, shortening both the amino and carboxy-termini of the protein, leads to high levels of recombinant protein expression. The recombinant EG95 protein was prepared as a bacterin from clarified, whole bacterial lysate, and used in a vaccine trial in sheep against an experimental challenge infection with Echinococcus granulosus eggs. The EG95 bacterin was found to induce 98% protection. Use of this in a new generation EG95 vaccine would simplify production, facilitate new sources of the vaccine and potentially enhance uptake of vaccination in control of E. granulosus transmission.
Host life-history traits predict haemosporidian parasite prevalence in tanagers (Aves: Thraupidae)
Authors: Aguiar de Souza Penha Victor , Maia Chaves Bicalho Domingos Fabricius , Fecchio Alan , Bell Jeffrey A. , Weckstein Jason D. , Ricklefs Robert E. , Braga Erika Martins , de Abreu Moreira Patrícia , Soares Letícia , Latta Steven , Tolesano-Pascoli Graziela , Alquezar Renata Duarte , Del-Claro Kleber , Manica Lilian Tonelli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVector-borne parasites are important ecological drivers influencing life-history evolution in birds by increasing host mortality or susceptibility to new diseases. Therefore, understanding why vulnerability to infection varies within a host clade is a crucial task for conservation biology and for understanding macroecological life-history patterns. Here, we studied the relationship of avian life-history traits and climate on the prevalence ofPlasmodiumandParahaemoproteusparasites. We sampled 3569 individual birds belonging to 53 species of the family Thraupidae. Individuals were captured from 2007 to 2018 at 92 locations. We created 2 phylogenetic generalized least-squares models withPlasmodiumandParahaemoproteusprevalence as our response variables, and with the following predictor variables: climate PC1, climate PC2, body size, mixed-species flock participation, incubation period, migration, nest height, foraging height, forest cover, and diet. We found thatParahaemoproteusandPlasmodiumprevalence was higher in species inhabiting open habitats. Tanager species with longer incubation periods had higherParahaemoproteusprevalence as well, and we hypothesize that these longer incubation periods overlap with maximum vector abundances, resulting in a higher probability of infection among adult hosts during their incubation period and among chicks. Lastly, we found thatPlasmodiumprevalence was higher in species without migratory behaviour, with mixed-species flock participation, and with an omnivorous or animal-derived diet. We discuss the consequences of higher infection prevalence in relation to life-history traits in tanagers.
The influence of burial depth on germination and establishment of seeds in chimpanzee faeces, Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Koffi Kouadio Kan S. , Dosso Kanvaly , Aristophanous Marios , Moretto Philippe , Tiho Seydou , Wittig Roman M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the many ecosystem services provided by dung beetles is that of secondary seed dispersal. This paper experimentally evaluates the effectiveness of this service using the chimpanzee–dung beetle seed dispersal system in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. The study focussed on the germination rate and success of four species of seeds contained in the faeces ofPan troglodytes verus: Dacryodes klaineana(Pierre) H.J. Lam,Diospyros manniiHiern,Pycnanthus angolensis(Welw.) Warb., andUapaca guineensisMuell. Arg. For each species, 600 seeds, half from chimpanzee faeces and half from mother trees, were sown in nurseries at depths of 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 cm (i.e. 120 seeds per depth; 60 from chimp and 60 from mother trees). After germination, only the seeds ofUapaca guineensisandDiospyros manniisown at 2 and 5 cm had a >14% rate (between 14.2 and 30.8%) of germination and seedling establishment, regardless of seed origin. An increase in the depth of seed burial appears to negatively affect the probability of seedling emergence and establishment. This study shows that dung beetles have positive impacts on seed fate. However, for these plant species, the chimpanzee’s role is limited to that of primary seed dispersal.
Insiders, Outsiders, and Credible Visitors in Research
Authors: Porisky Alesha , Glas Aarie 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThere is a growing consensus around both the importance of researcher positionality for the conduct of research and the intersectional and variable salience of positionality and its effects. However, at the same time, static assumptions of “insider” and “outsider” status prevail. This article presents a productive and two-fold intervention in these discussions. First, we show that the insider/outsider distinction is fraught on logistical and conceptual grounds. Relying on our experiences in conducting interview research from rural villages to diplomatic offices, we show that these elements of status are fluid and dynamic. Second, we suggest an alternative to this dichotomy through the aspirational status of a “credible visitor.” We define this as a performative aspect of positionality founded on humility and reflexivity and enacted through showcasing competence and engaging in transparency. We describe how this approach to performing status may facilitate access as well as fruitful and ethical research interactions.
Olanzapine/samidorphan combination consistently mitigates weight gain across various subgroups of patients
Authors: Meyer Jonathan M. , Simmons Adam , Jiang Ying , Graham Christine , Yagoda Sergey , McDonnell David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveA combination of olanzapine and the opioid receptor antagonist samidorphan (OLZ/SAM) has been approved in the United States for the treatment of adults with schizophrenia or adults with bipolar I disorder. In a phase 3 study in adults with schizophrenia (ENLIGHTEN-2), OLZ/SAM treatment was associated with significantly less weight gain compared with olanzapine. Prespecified subgroup analyses explored the consistency of the weight mitigation effect of OLZ/SAM vs olanzapine across demographic subgroups in ENLIGHTEN-2.MethodsThe multicenter, randomized, double-blind ENLIGHTEN-2 study (NCT02694328) included outpatients aged 18–55 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia based on DSM-5 criteria, a body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 30 kg/m2, and stable body weight (self-reported change ≤5% for ≥3 months before study entry). Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive OLZ/SAM or olanzapine for 24 weeks. Co-primary endpoints (previously reported) were percent change in body weight and proportion of patients with at least 10% weight gain from baseline at week 24. Prespecified exploratory subgroup analyses by sex, age, self-reported race, and baseline BMI were conducted.ResultsAt week 24, treatment with OLZ/SAM resulted in numerically less percent weight gain than with olanzapine across all subgroups evaluated. The proportion of patients with at least 10% weight gain was smaller in each subgroup treated with OLZ/SAM vs olanzapine.ConclusionIn these exploratory subgroup analyses from the ENLIGHTEN-2 study, weight-mitigating effects of OLZ/SAM vs olanzapine were observed consistently across patient subgroups and were in line with results from the overall study population.
Specific pattern of linguistic impairment in Parkinson’s disease patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment predicts dementia
Authors: Galtier Iván , Nieto Antonieta , Mata María , Lorenzo Jesús N. , Barroso José 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Parkinson’s disease patients with subjective cognitive decline (PD-SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) have an increased risk of dementia (PDD). Thus, the identification of early cognitive changes that can be useful predictors of PDD is a highly relevant challenge. Posterior cortically based functions, including linguistic processes, have been associated with PDD. However, investigations that have focused on linguistic functions in PD-MCI are scarce and none of them include PD-SCD patients. Our aim was to study language performance in PD-SCD and PD-MCI. Moreover, language subcomponents were considered as predictors of PDD.Method:Forty-six PD patients and twenty controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological protocol. Patients were classified as PD-SCD and PD-MCI. Language production and comprehension was assessed. Follow-up assessment was conducted to a mean of 7.5 years after the baseline.Results:PD-MCI patients showed a poor performance in naming (actions and nouns), action generation, anaphora resolution and sentence comprehension (with and without center-embedded relative clause). PD-SCD showed a poor performance in action naming and action generation. Deficit in action naming was an independent risk factor for PDD during the follow-up. Moreover, the combination of deficit in action words and sentence comprehension without a center-embedded relative clause was associated with a greater risk.Conclusions:The results are of relevance because they suggest that a specific pattern of linguistic dysfunctions, that can be present even in the early stages of the disease, can predict future dementia, reinforcing the importance of advancing in the knowledge of linguistic dysfunctions in predementia stages of PD.
Patient–oncologist working alliance and its relation to locus of control
Authors: Levi Sivan , Amir Henny , Goldzweig Gil , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit , Braun Michal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we assessed the patient–oncologist relationship, conceptualized as the working alliance from a dyadic perspective, and its relation to locus of control.MethodsOne hundred and three oncologist–patient dyads were recruited. Measures included a sociodemographic and medical questionnaire; the “internal, powerful others, and chance” locus of control scale; and the working alliance inventory.ResultsApplication of the actor–partner interdependence model yielded 2 actor effects: a positive association between oncologist “internal” locus of control and oncologist working alliance, and a negative association between oncologist “chance” locus of control and oncologist working alliance. It also yielded one partner effect: a positive association between oncologist “internal” locus of control and patient working alliance.Significance of resultsThe actor–partner effect suggests that oncologists’ locus of control has a role in the establishment of the patient–oncologist working alliance; oncologists’ internal locus of control is a dominant factor affecting not only their own perceived alliance but patients’ perceived alliance as well.
Multi-criteria sustainability performance assessment of horticultural crops using DEA and ELECTRE IV methods
Authors: Banaeian Narges , Zangeneh Morteza , Golinska-Dawson Paulina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to multi-criteria sustainability performance assessment of horticultural crops. The crops are ranked by the decision-making method ELECTRE IV with environmental, energy and technological criteria. In total eight indicators are taken into consideration and calculated based on primary data collected from over 260 farms in northern Iran. Additionally, Data Envelopment Analysis is used to calculate the technical efficiency and potential for energy saving by different management of the production units. The novel contribution of this study is the comparison of several horticultural products (oranges, kiwis, persimmons and tangerines), when most of the previous studies have focused on one product. Moreover, novel calculations of the carbon footprint are presented for oranges, tangerines and persimmons. This paper also includes the first study on the environmental impact of persimmon fruit's production. The obtained results show that energy efficiency for orange, tangerine, kiwi and persimmon products: 1.1, 0.84, 0.53 and 1.22, respectively. In each hectare of kiwi orchards, the amount of CO2 emissions of 1219 kg and the ecological footprint of 3.21 hectares have been calculated, which is statistically significant compared to orange, tangerine and persimmon. The chemical and fuel inputs have the greatest potential for reducing energy consumption in the studied products. Results of ELECTRE IV showed that kiwi is the most sustainable selection for the studied region followed by orange, persimmon and tangerine, respectively. Kiwi has also relatively low technical efficiency. This means that this product has the greatest potential for a reduction of energy consumption, while maintaining the same amount of crop. It is recommended to include the development of kiwi orchards in the policies of Guilan, but with more careful management of the production inputs.
A Seismic Approach to Flood Detection and Characterization in Upland Catchments
Authors: Dietze M. , Hoffmann T. , Bell R. , Schrott L. , Hovius N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbout 10% of Europe's surface area is prone to rapid flooding of rivers confined in valleys. The devastating potential of such floods is exacerbated by the deficits of existing gauging networks, including low station densities and recording frequencies, and lack of information beyond stage height. Here, we use seismic data of the July 2021 Ahrtal flood, Germany, to extract information to complement sparse hydrometric data, and to reconstruct the rapid evolution of this fatal event. We show that a seismic station can deliver essential flood metrics such as magnitude, propagation velocity and debris transport rate. These seismic products provide high resolution insight to the non‐linear flood behavior. We argue that an approach combining distributed low‐cost seismometers with existing seismic stations, can provide important real time data on future catastrophic floods and associated hazards in upland catchments, offering precious response time also in currently ungauged landscapes.
Heavy Copper Isotopes in Arc‐Related Lavas From Cold Subduction Zones Uncover a Sub‐Arc Mantle Metasomatized by Serpentinite‐Derived Sulfate‐Rich Fluids
Authors: Chen Zuxing , Chen Jiubin , Tamehe Landry Soh , Zhang Yuxiang , Zeng Zhigang , Xia Xiaoping , Cui Zexian , Zhang Ting , Guo Kun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSerpentinite dehydration during subduction releases fluids into the sub‐arc mantle, yet the oxidizing capability of these fluids remains controversial. Here, redox‐sensitive Cu isotopes and in situ S isotopes of magmatic sulfides in fresh lavas from three subduction zones in the western Pacific were analyzed to determine the speciation of multi‐valence elements in the serpentinite‐derived fluids. Notably, the basaltic lavas from the Mariana Arc, eastern Manus Basin, and southern Okinawa Trough have isotopically heavy Cu (δ65Cu = +0.26 to +0.67‰) compared to the mantle‐like δ65Cu values of the middle Okinawa Trough and Mariana Trough basalts (+0.11 to +0.14‰). In addition, positive correlations between δ65Cu and slab fluid indicators (e.g., B/Nb, Ba/Th, and Ba/La) combined with positive δ34S values (∼+4‰) of magmatic sulfides in the Mariana Arc lavas, suggest that fluids with isotopically heavy Cu and S metasomatized their mantle sources. Theoretically, the bearing fluids released by serpentinite dehydration have extremely heavy Cu and S isotope compositions. Consequently, the sulfate‐rich fluids infiltration into the sub‐arc mantle produces heavy Cu and S isotopes in arc‐related magmas. Comparatively, sulfate‐rich fluids are absent at back‐arc depths due to the complete breakdown of serpentine minerals during the early stages of subduction, which results in the mid‐ocean ridge basalts‐like δ65Cu and δ34S values (∼−1‰) observed in the middle Okinawa Trough and Mariana Trough basalts. Therefore, heavy Cu isotopes in arc‐related magmas uncover that the sub‐arc mantle was metasomatized by serpentinite‐derived sulfate‐rich (oxidizing) fluids, which accounts for the oxidized nature of arc magmas in cold subduction zones.
Canyon Downwelling and Water Mass Influences on Winter Zooplankton Distributions in the Coastal Northeast Pacific
Authors: Howatt Tara , Ross Tetjana , Waterman Stephanie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubmarine canyons are considered biological hotspots due to enhanced mixing, upwelling, and other dynamic processes. There have been few observational surveys of canyon processes or zooplankton‐watermass relations during stormy downwelling seasons. In winter 2017, three autonomous underwater gliders provided highly‐resolved hydrographic and zooplankton backscatter observations in and around a canyon in the Northeast Pacific. While a glider's slow speed typically confounds spatial and temporal signals, the concurrent use of multiple gliders, sampling a canyon transect repeatedly, allowed us to explore the canyon system both spatially (i.e., canyon influence) and temporally (i.e., changing water type fractions). Canyon downwelling displaced the pycnocline by about 30 m depth over the scale of the canyon, which is ∼30% of the total pycnocline depth deviation observed over the course of the study. Diel vertically migrating (DVM) zooplankton generally stayed above the pycnocline and mean zooplankton volume scattering strength (Sv) in the upper water column (above the pycnocline) was higher when the pycnocline was deeper. At mid‐depths (150–200 m depth), zooplankton backscatter and DVM behavior were correlated with water type fractions, with higher Sv being associated with higher proportions of Pacific Equatorial Water and stronger DVM being associated with higher proportions of Pacific Subarctic Upper Water. Winter zooplankton distributions appear to be influenced by multiple, interacting drivers including canyon dynamics and water mass composition. In our study, the latter was found to have the stronger influence on zooplankton distribution.
Thermal Structure of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere of Mars From ACS/TGO CO2Spectroscopy
Authors: Belyaev D. A. , Fedorova A. A. , Trokhimovskiy A. , Alday J. , Korablev O. I. , Montmessin F. , Starichenko E. D. , Olsen K. S. , Patrakeev A. S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTemperature and density in the upper Martian atmosphere, above ∼100 km, are key diagnostic parameters to study processes of the species' escape, investigate the impact of solar activity, model the atmospheric circulation, and plan spacecraft descent or aerobraking maneuvers. In this paper, we report vertical profiling of carbon dioxide (CO2) density and temperature from the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) solar occultations onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. A strong CO2absorption band near 2.7 μm observed by the middle infrared spectrometric channel (ACS MIR) allows the retrieval of the atmospheric thermal structure in an unprecedentedly large altitude range, from 20 to 180 km. We present the latitudinal and seasonal climatology of the thermal structure for 1.5 Martian years (MYs), from the middle of MY 34 to the end of MY 35. The results show the variability of distinct atmospheric layers, such as a mesopause (derived from 70 to 145 km) and homopause, changing from 90 to 100 km at aphelion to 120–130 km at perihelion. Some short‐term homopause fluctuations are also observed depending on the dust activity.