bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple and Pear, Effect of Stirrup M on Mite Control with Plictran, 1987
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stirrup M, a spray additive for miticide applications containing pheromone components of spider mites was evaluated in 2 mite control trials on apple and pear. Sprays were applied to apple on 10 Jul and pear on 8 Jul using a handgun operating at 200 psi. Both the pear and the apple orchards used Rad mature trees and were under standard spray programs. No miticides were applied prior to the tests. The experimental design and sampling was the same in both experiments. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates. Following a pretreatment count trees were blocked according to mite population level. Leaves on each tree were sampled on 3 scaffold limbs from the center to the periphery of the canopy (25 leaves/tree; 100/treatment). Leaves were processed with a mite-brushing machine.
Apple, Mite Control, Insecticide Block, Hudson Valley Lab, Highland, N.Y., 1987
Authors: Weires R. W. , Scott Lawson D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 8 tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied dilute to runoff using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering from 3.8 to 4.2 gal spray/tree or 364 to 403 gal/acre. Trees were 23 yr old, 10 ft high, spaced 15 by 30 ft, and on M.2 rootstock. A Pounce spray was applied on 21 Apr (pink); Brigade was applied 13 May (petal fall), and 29 May (first cover); and Imidan was applied 14 and 30 Jun, 17 Jul, and 4 and 18 Aug in the first treatment. Danitol treatments were applied 21 Apr, 13 May, 14 Jun, and 4 Aug, followed by Guthion in the remaining cover sprays 29 May, 30 Jun, 17 Jul, and 18 Aug. Danitol was also applied at a high rate along with Spray oil on 13 May. This treatment was followed with Guthion applications in the remaining cover sprays commencing 6 Jun. DPX-EY059 was applied at three different rates on 21 Apr, 13 May, 14 Jun, and 4 Aug. EF-667 and EF- 667 + Lorsban were applied starting 13 May; Fenoxycarb and Guthion treatments were initiated 21 Apr, with all four treatments applied in cover sprays 29 May, 14 Jun and 30 Jun or 1 Jul, 17 Jul, and 4 and 18 Aug. Additional applications over the entire block included Difolatan 80S 15.5 lb/acre, 12 Apr; Cyprex 65W 1.5 lb/acre, 13 and 23 May; and Rubigan 1EC.7 lb/acre, 14 Jun. Naphthaleneacetic acid was applied in thinning sprays on 23 May using from 0 to 10 ppm depending on the cultivar. Mite populations were evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from one 'Red Delicious' tree/plot at biweekly intervals throughout the summer. The leaves were brought into the laboratory where they were brushed with a mite-brushing machine, and the mites and eggs were examined and counted using a binocular microscope. An early spring resulted in an early and prolonged bloom period. Rainfall was above average throughout most of the season; temperatures were generally normal for the area.
Late-Season Insect Control on Sweet Corn in Minnesota, 1989
Authors: Hutchison W. D. , Lee J. J. , Bartels D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at Rosemount in corn planted 18 Jun. Two-row plots were 25 ft long with one untreated border row between each plot and 4 ft borders at the end of each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A backpack CO2 sprayer with one flat fan (LF-3-80, 50-mesh) nozzle/row, delivering 20 gal/acre at 40 psi, was used to treat each row of the plots from tassel to ear. First fresh silks were observed 17 Aug and treatments were applied 21, 28 Aug and 5 Sep. Plots were artificially infested with about 21 neonate ECB larvae/plant on 24 Aug. All plots were hand harvested and evaluated 9 Sep by randomly selecting 15 ears/row (30/plot), husking the ears and checking for ECB and CEW larvae.
Foliar Sprays on Late Planted Corn, 1989
Authors: Whalen J. , Spellman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 3 Jul near Georgetown, DE. Single row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles/row delivering 52 gal/acre at 40 psi. Silk sprays were applied on 5, 8, 12, 19, 21 and 25 Sep. At harvest maturity (27 Sep), all ears from each plot were husked and evaluated for damage as “fresh market” (clean ears, no damage evident) and “processing” (evidence of tip feeding, but less than 3.6 cm tip damage). All worms found were identified, counted and recorded.
Onion Thrips Control in Minnesota, 1989
Authors: Hutchison W. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were direct seeded 29 Apr in plots 2 rows wide (18 inches between rows) and 25 ft long near Hollandale, MN. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a back-pack CO2 sprayer using one flat-fan (LF-3-80, 50-mesh), nozzle/row at 40 psi and 20 gal/acre. Each material was applied 22 Aug. At the time of application ambient temperature was 80°F and wind speed was &lt; 5 mph. All plots were evaluated 25 Aug by taking leaves (lower 8 inches) from 15 plants/plot and rinsing the leaf bases with 75% ethanol. The rinsate (with thrips) was collected and filtered through a Buchner funnel onto filter paper. Thrips of all stages were then counted under a binocular microscope at 120 × .
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota, 1989
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. , Terlemezian Grant 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 10 May at the University of minnesota Northwest Experimental Station, Crookston, and at the Red River Valley Potato Grower’s Association Research Farm, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Experimental plots were 6 rows wide and 40 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments consisted of different sequences of insecticide applications randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Insecticidal sprays were applied 30 Jun, 5 Jul and 12 Jul, using a tractor-drawn boom sprayer. The sprayer at Crookston delivered 80 gal of water/acre, the one at Grand Forks delivered 26 gal of water/acre. Posttreatment counts were taken 7 d after spraying. Evaluations consisted of counts of Colorado potato beetle larvae on 10 randomly selected plants from the 3 middle rows of each plot. Defoliation ratings were taken 12 and 21 Jul. Two way analysis of variance was used to test treatment means for significant differences in Colorado potato beetle densities and percent defoliation.
Furadan At-Plant Vs Furadan Lay-By for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Preston Duane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A trial was established at the Red River Valley potato growers research farm in Grand Forks, ND. Plot size was 4 rows × 30 ft in length. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block and were replicated 4 times. Granulars were applied 4 d post plant to the planting ridge and lightly incorporated. Emergence applications were made to the planting ridge when about 50% of the plants were visible, and the insecticide was lightly covered. First foliar applications were made on 22 Jun when estimated average foliation was 17%. Subsequent applications were made 29 Jun, 3 and 20 July and 15 Aug. Estimates of % defoliation were taken, averaged, transformed using ARCSINE and then compared.
Wireworm Treatments and Plant Response, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A wireworm control trial was established on irrigated sands near Staples, MN. Nuclear seed (V4-1 inch diam) of 2 cultivars was planted at 4-6 inch spacings in 50 ft long plots. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide was applied in the open furrow with the seed and covered with 2 to 6 inches of soil. Foliar insecticide plus fungicide was regularly applied to maintain maximum tuber increase and low virus incidence.
Armyworm Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1987
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 3 Sep on 2.5 ft wide by 8 inch high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants set in a single row on 18 inch centers. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 19, 28 Oct, 5, 12, 17, and 24 Nov with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 115-135 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On 5 and 19 Nov, fruit were harvested from each plot and the numbers and weight of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae were determined. The proportion of damaged fruit was calculated and transformed arcsine of the square root prior to analysis; however, data are presented in the original scale.
Alfalfa Weevil and Aphid Control, 1989
Authors: Doss M. , Mulder P. , Karner M. , Berberet R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at 3 locations to determine efficacy of insecticides applied with ground sprayers for control of alfalfa weevil larvae using a randomized-complete block design with 3-4 replications. Treatments for Test 1 (Grady County) were applied on 31 Mar with a spray volume of 20 gal/acre. Efficacy of insecticides against blue alfalfa aphid and the alfalfa weevil was evaluated. Test 2 was located in Stephens County where treatments were applied on 28 Mar with a volume of 14 gal/acre. Treatment date and volume for Test 3 (Tillman County) were 15 Mar and 9 gal/acre, respectively. Pretreatment population levels for the weevil exceeded the economic threshold of about 1.5 larvae/stem in all tests. Efficacy of insecticides was determined from counts made by extraction of weevil larvae and blue aphids with Berlese funnels (Test 1) from stem samples taken at several intervals after spraying. Dry matter yields were estimated in Test 1 by harvesting forage from a 1 × 5 m area from each plot and drying a subsample to determine moisture content.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1989
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted on the Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs. Experiment A was conducted on the second alfalfa cutting and Experiment B was conducted on the third alfalfa cutting. Forty ft by 40 ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the 4 replications. In Experiment A potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps taken randomly across each plot with a 15 inch diam insect beating net on 29 Jun. All treatments were applied as foliar spray on 30 Jun. Thereafter, leafhopper densities were sampled on 3, 6, 14, 20, 26 Jul, or 3, 6, 14, 20 and 26 days post spray. Alfalfa height at time of spraying was 4-6 inches. Sprays were applied in 20 gal of water per acre at 26 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20 ft boom with 80 degree flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined from two 60 ft2 swaths taken from each plot on 27 Jul. Treatments in experiment B were similarly applied. Leafhopper density was evaluated on 9 Aug before foliar spray was applied on 10 Aug. Sweep samples for leafhoppers were taken on 14, 17, 24, 31 Aug and 7 Sept, or 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post spray. Alfalfa yield was determined from a 60 ft2 swath collected from each plot on 13 Sep.
Alfalfa Insect Control—3rd Crop, 1989
Authors: Hutchison W. D. , Lee J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in spring-seeded alfalfa that had not been previously harvested on the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul. Plots measuring 32 by 40 ft were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 11 Aug with a backpack CO2 sprayer with 4 flat fan (LF-3-80, 50-mesh) nozzles mounted on a 4.75 ft boom, delivering 20 gal/acre at 35 psi. Avg ambient temperature was 82°F and windspeed was &lt;5 mph at the time of application. All treatments were evaluated at 4, 7 and 14 DAT by taking 10 sweeps/plot with a 15-inch-diam sweep net.
Reduced Dosage for Grasshopper Control, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Holen Carlyle , Holder Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifty ft by 0.25 mile plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design in 2 adjacent CRP fields. Field 1 was composed primarily of alfalfa while field 2 had about a 20% stand of sweet clover over a grass-alfalfa understory. Pretreatment grasshopper counts averaged 61 redlegged grasshoppers and 10 twostriped grasshoppers/25 sweeps. Insecticides were applied by air on 5 Aug with an Ag Cat flying at 100 mph. Insecticides were mixed to the lowest dosage and one pass used for that low dosage. Two passes were flown for the intermediate dosage and 3 passes for the high. Thus 5, 10 and 15 gal total material/acre respectively was applied. This was done to reduce down time with the plane. Two sets of 25 sweeps with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net were taken in each plot by 2 different people and counts were averaged. Percent control was based on the untreated plot (or plots) in each replicate.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Roman Hector 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A cooperative study was arranged with Sigco Research, Inc. of Breckenridge, MN. The trial was planted at Cando, ND, on 10 May using a cone type 6 row planter. Plots were 6-15 inch rows 20 ft in length arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. All insecticides except foliars were seeded with the seed. Foliars were applied on 21 May and 4 Jun using a CO2 sprayer. Total material per acre was approximately 17 gal. Soil type was a well drained silt loam. Weather conditions were very hot and dry throughout the growing season. All readings except yield were made 4 Jun. Plots were harvested on 6 Sep.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control in South Dakota, 1988
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five granular corn rootworm insecticide studies were conducted to evaluate various application techniques, rates and formulations. Brookings, Nunda, Chamberlain, Pierre and Fort Thompson sites served as locations for these studies. The experimental design for all studies was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 15 meters in length, with 96.5 cm row spacing. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially-adapted Kinze, 4-row corn planter. The metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. Insecticide granules were applied in a 7-inch band in front of the furrow-closing wheels and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Furrow applications were directed immediately between the double disk furrow openers. Wilson brand 1100 was the corn variety utilized, and it was seeded at a rate of 22,100 kernels/acre at all study locations. Five roots/replication were dug from each treatment. Roots were washed, examined for rootworm feeding damage, and rated in accordance to the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. The 1988 growing season began with spring seedbeds being moderately moist at best. As the season progressed, soil moisture levels became abnormally low at most dryland study locations.
Corn Rootworm Control, 1989
Authors: Chaddha S. , Ostlie K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides applied at planting were evaluated for corn rootworm control at 3 Minnesota locations. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at each site. Plots generally measured 1 or 2 rows (30-inch centers) × 50 feet. Insecticides were applied at planting using modified Noble applicators mounted on a John Deere 7100 MaxiMerge planter on 16 May, 22 May, 26 May at Lamberton, Rosemount, and Utica, respectively. A mixed infestation of NCR and WCR naturally occurred in the continuous corn fields at Utica and Rosemount. NCR and WCR populations were low at Lamberton despite a trap crop the previous year. So 3 m of each plot at this site were artificially infested with 400 WCR eggs per row-ft on 22 May. In Jul and early Aug, five roots were dug from each plot (8/plot at Rosemount), washed and root injury rated using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. Treatment differences were detected using ANOVA and means separated with DMRT.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1988
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A corn field near Delmont, SD, was chosen for evaluating 29 European corn borer (ECB) treatments. On 5 May the crop was sown with a 38 inch row spacing. Preapplication counts indicated a uniform distribution of first-, second-, or third-instar ECB larvae in 30% of those corn stalks sampled. Treatments (2 untreated controls, 2 liquid, and 25 granular compounds) were established to evaluate their efficacy in controlling first brood ECB larvae. Granular compounds were applied on 18 Jun to single row plots (0.9 cm by 30.5 m) in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Granules were placed in the whorl of corn plants from a highboy using a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5 hp engine. Noble metering units were mounted on a modified chain driven apparatus which regulated the amount granular insecticide released. Liquid compounds were applied with a 3.0 gal COa backpack sprayer. Insecticide application rates were computed on a broadcast basis using a band width of 12 inches applied directly in the whorl. These rates may be different from those reported by other investigators where treatments are computed on a linear area basis (linear ft of row) to establish corn rootworm application rates. The broadcast application rates are approximately 0.33 of the rootworm application rates. At the 48th day postapplication, 20 corn stalks were randomly chosen from each plot. Plants were split vertically and examined for ECB tunnelling damage. The number and length of ECB cavities were recorded.
Insecticide/Fertilizer Application Method Trials, 1989
Authors: Reed J. P. , McCartney D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time and slot injection treatment trials were conducted at Milan and South Charleston, OH. The specific soil types for the respective sites were Tuscola sandy loam and a Brookston silty clay. A randomized complete block design with 4 and 3 replicates was employed at the respective sites. Plots were 40 ft long and 2 rows wide. Corn was planted 19 May at the Milan site and 17 May at South Charleston in 30 inch rows. No planting time treatments were made at the South Charleston site. Planting time treatments were applied with Gandy metering units driven by 12 V electric motors mounted on a 2 row John Deere Max-Merge planter that applied granules ahead of the press wheel in 7-inch bands. Planting time treatments were made at 1.0 and 0.33 lb (AI)/acre. Slot injection insecticide treatments were applied at a rate of 1.0 lb (AI)/acre and 0.33 lb (AI)/acre at 500 psi, delivery rate was 20 gal/acre of finished spray. All Brace treatments were applied at 0.66 instead of 1.0 lb (AI)/ acre for planting and injection treatments. Liquid 28% N fertilizer was applied at a rate of 47 lb (AI)/acre and was used as a carrier instead of water in the non-fertilized treatments. Nozzles were spaced 5 inches off center on both sides of the row (2 rows) and injected into a 3-inch deep slot made by a fluted coulter. Injection treatments were applied 24 Jun and 6 Jul at Milan and South Charleston, respectively. Root rating according to the Iowa 1-6 rating scale was respectively done 20 and 21 Jul for South Charleston and Milan sites. Five root masses/replicate were dug and rated.
Efficacy of Insecticides Applied to Twospotted Spider Mites on Field Corn in West Central Nebraska, 1989
Authors: Seymour Ronald C. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Capture 2 EC, Lorsban 4 E, and XRD-522 were applied 27 Aug to dough stage field corn with a CO2 charged back pack sprayer at 30 psi, in a total volume of 42 gal/acre. Each treatment was applied to 10 by 24 ft plots and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Size of naturally occurring twospotted spider mite colonies were rated on the under surface of 6 leaves starting with 3 leaves below the ear through 2 leaves above the ear. Ratings were made with a 0-6 scale where 0 equaled no mites on the leaf, 1 equaled individual mites present, 2 equaled well formed colonies ... up to 6 where mite colonies were so large that the under side of the leaf was completely covered and the leaf had died due to mite feeding. Mites were evaluated on 4 plants within each plot 1 d prior to application, 3- and 7-d post-application. Percent control was determined using Henderson’s formula which takes into account changes in the treated plots compared to changes in the check plots.
Control of European Corn Borer on Field Corn in West Central Nebraska, 1987
Authors: Seymour Ronald C. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dipel ES and Lorsban 4 E were applied 1 Jul through a center pivot irrigation system to whorl stage field corn. Treatments were applied in a 0.5 inch irrigation in 2 replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Ten plants from each plot were split from stalk to tassel in search of European corn borer larvae and/or cavities on 23 Jul. Pretreatment European corn borer infestation levels were moderate with an average of 52% of the plants with larvae and an average of 0.62 larvae/ infested plant. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate different rates and formulations of Dipel ES when applied by chemigation to control European corn borer larvae.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Oklahoma, 1989
Authors: Doss Mike , Price Richard , Karner Miles 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The cotton cultivar Paymaster 145’ was planted on 22 Jun at the Southcentral Research Station in Chickasha, OK at a rate of 20 lb/acre. A randomized complete block design was used with plots consisting of 8 rows (40 inch spacing) 150 ft long. Twelve chemical treatments including insecticides, insecticidal combinations and insecticide surfactant mixtures were evaluated for control of Heliothis spp. larvae. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 traveling at 4.5 MPH and calibrated to deliver 5 gal total mixture/acre with one no. 8 (spraying systems) cone tip nozzle/row. Applications were made on 24 and 31 Aug and 8 Sep. Irrigation was not applied during this study due to frequent rains which occurred as follows: 30 Aug, 0.10 inch; 2 Sep, 2.14 inch; 3 Sep, 0.10 inch; 10 Sep, 0.07 inch; 11 Sep, 0.38 inch; 12 Sep, 0.06 inch; 13 Sep, 2.04 inch; 14 Sep, 0.10 inch. Damage estimates were made by collecting at random 100 fruits per plot from the upper Ys of plants.