bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of non‐small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations and ALK&ROS1 fusions
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Huang Qingyan , Yu Zhikang , Wu Heming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between clinical characteristics and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions, c‐ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) gene fusions, and epidermic growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to distinguish these different types.MethodsBoth ALK, ROS1 gene rearrangements and EGFR mutations testing were performed. The clinical characteristics and associated pulmonary abnormalities were investigated.ResultsFour hundred fifty‐three NSCLC patients were included for analysis. One hundred seventy (37.5%), 32 (7.1%), and 9 cases (2.0%) with EGFR mutations, ALK gene fusions, and ROS1 gene fusions were identified, respectively. The EGFR‐positive and ALK&ROS1‐positive were more common in female (χ2 = 61.934, P < 0.001 and χ2 = 28.152, P < 0.001), non‐smoking (χ2 = 59.315, P < 0.001 and χ2 = 11.080, P = 0.001), and adenocarcinoma (χ2 = 44.864, P < 0.001 and χ2 = 12.318, P = 0.002) patients; proportion of patients with emphysema was lower (χ2 = 35.494, P < 0.001 and χ2 = 15.770, P < 0.001) than the wild‐type patients. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that female (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.834, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.069–3.144, P = 0.028), non‐smoking (adjusted OR 2.504, 95% CI 1.456–4.306, P = 0.001), lung adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 4.512, 95% CI 2.465–8.260, P < 0.001), stage III–IV (adjusted OR 2.232, 95% CI 1.066–4.676, P = 0.033), and no symptoms of emphysema (adjusted OR 2.139, 95% CI 1.221–3.747, P = 0.008) were independent variables associated with EGFR mutations. Young (adjusted OR 3.947, 95% CI 1.873–8.314, P < 0.001) and lung adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 2.950, 95% CI 0.998–8.719, P = 0.050) were associated with ALK/ROS1 fusions.ConclusionsEGFR mutations were more likely to occur in non‐smoking, stage III–IV, and female patients with lung adenocarcinoma, whereas ALK&ROS1 gene fusions were more likely to occur in young patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Emphysema was less common in patients with EGFR mutations.
Mepolizumab improves work productivity, activity limitation, symptoms, and rescue medication use in severe eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Albers Frank C. , Bratton Daniel J. , Gunsoy Necdet B. , Cockle Sarah M. , Alfonso‐Cristancho Rafael , Braunstahl Gert‐Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with severe eosinophilic asthma experience daily activity limitations and reduced productivity at work. Using anonymized individual patient‐level data from two previously conducted randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies (MENSA [GSK ID:115588/NCT01691521]; MUSCA [GSK ID:200862/NCT02281318]), we investigated the effect of mepolizumab on work productivity, activity limitation, symptoms, and rescue medication use. Patient‐reported outcomes including Work Productivity and Activity Impairment–General Health (WPAI‐GH) scores (impairment percentages, 0%–100%), global activity limitation (scale 1–4), and perceived change in activity limitation (Likert scale 1–7) since the start of the study were analyzed. WPAI‐GH scores from MENSA were analyzed post hoc for employed patients using mixed model repeated measures; global activity limitation and perceived change in activity limitation from MUSCA were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression. Mean changes from baseline in daily asthma symptom scores (scale 0–5) and rescue medication use (occasions/day) were also assessed, via a post hoc meta‐analysis of MENSA and MUSCA. At study end, WPAI‐GH scores indicative of overall work impairment, impairment while working, and activity impairment consistently improved with mepolizumab versus placebo. Overall, 76% versus 54% of patients rated their activity as “much better,” “better,” or “slightly better” since the start of the study with mepolizumab versus placebo. Mepolizumab was associated with numerically larger improvements from baseline in asthma symptoms (treatment difference 0.21–0.29 points) and rescue medication use (treatment difference −0.08 to −0.22 occasions/day) versus placebo. Our results indicate that patients with severe eosinophilic asthma may experience improved activity limitation, work productivity, symptoms, and rescue medication use with mepolizumab.
Do histopathological features correlate with systemic manifestations in dermatomyositis? Analysis of 42 skin biopsy specimens from 22 patients
Authors: Shakshouk Hadir , Deschaine Maria A. , Wetter David A. , Drage Lisa A. , Ernste Floranne C. , Gibson Lawrence E. , Lehman Julia S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding whether specific histopathologic features on skin biopsy are predictive of systemic associations in dermatomyositis (DM) would be useful to guide clinical screening.MethodsThrough retrospective medical record search, clinical and laboratory findings of patients with DM were documented. Existing skin biopsy slides were re‐reviewed blindly.ResultsOf all biopsy specimens (n = 42), the most frequent histopathological finding was vacuolar interface dermatitis (95%). Other features included perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (71%), increased dermal mucin (40%), vessel wall thickening (12%), follicular plugging (9.5%), and dermal sclerosis (7%). Neutrophilic infiltrate was observed in three biopsies from a patient with adalimumab‐associated DM. Vasculitis was not observed. There was no statistically significant difference in the presence of any histopathological feature and that of various systemic manifestations (i.e., myopathy, interstitial lung disease [ILD] and malignancy). However, we observed that dense lichenoid infiltrate rather than pauci‐inflammatory changes correlated with severe itching (p < 0.001). Patients with MDA‐5 antibodies were significantly more likely to have vasculopathy than those without (p = 0.029*).ConclusionsNo dermatopathologic feature was reliably predictive of myopathy, ILD, or malignancy. This finding implies that, regardless of histopathologic findings, patients should be screened for associated conditions as clinically indicated.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification System categorization and emergency hospital admissions for children with cerebral palsy: A longitudinal, population‐based study
Authors: Horridge Karen A. , Tinker Rory J. , Harvey Carl J. , DeKiewiet Gavin , Munro Sam ,   Sunderland Paediatric Disability Multidisciplinary Team, Fraser Lorna K. 
Published: January 2022

AimTo ascertain the association between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification System (MRICS) categorization and burden of acute, emergency hospital admissions amongst children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodData in the National Health Service organization’s secure data repository from 1987 to 2016 were interrogated, augmented from medical records, and analysed. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were completed.ResultsOf the 312 children with CP born between 1987 and 2015, 217 shared 1433 acute hospital admissions across 5092 days; 30.4% had no acute admissions, amongst whom Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, absence of tube‐feeding, and MRICS B1 together appeared protective. MRICS A1, B3, and C1 were associated with higher burdens of acute admissions on multivariate analysis. The 24 out of 312 (7.69%) children who died shared 490 out of 1433 (34.19%) acute admissions over 2034 out of 5092 (39.95%) inpatient days amongst all children with CP. The 4 out of 24 with MRICS B3 who died shared 12.63% acute admissions overall and 31.03% of all respiratory admissions in the 5 to less than 10 years age group.InterpretationComprehensive assessment of children with CP, including use of validated scales of function and magnetic resonance imaging findings, can inform discussions with families about potential burden of hospital admissions and possibly also risk of early death. This can provide context for shared decision‐making about interventions. Longitudinal ‘big data’ can illuminate patterns and promote studies into potential causes of change.What this paper adds

More than one‐third of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III required no acute hospital admissions.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification System (MRICS) categories A1, B3, and C1 appear to be linked with higher burdens of inpatient days.

MRICS category B1 in children with CP in GMFCS levels I to III appeared to lessen the risk of admissions.

MRICS B3 may be a risk factor for premature death in children with CP, especially aged >5 years with higher rates of acute respiratory admissions.

All children with clinical CP should be offered neuroimaging to inform prognostication.
First record of Dactylonectria macrodidyma: A cause of olive root rot in Iraq
Authors: Najim El‐ddin Shahad , Haleem Raed Abduljabbar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of Dactylonectria (=Ilyonecteria) macrodidyma associated with olive root rot as detected in Dohuk province, the major olive growing area in the Kurdistan region—Iraq. Fungal colonies growing on PDA had yellow to brown pigmentations with cottony white and beige colony edges. Microconidia were oval with one or no septum (11.5–13.5 × 3.4–4.5 µm). Macroconidia were cylindrical and hyaline with 1–3 septa (24.5–26.5 × 5.2–6.5µm). The chlamydospores were globose, brown to yellowish in colour, with diam. of 10 (−12) µm. Sequences obtained by PCR using primers ITS4/5 and ITS1/4 had 99% homology, with Dactylonectria macrodidyma accessions in GenBank, confirming the identity of the isolate. This is the first time that the existence of Dactylonectria macrodidyma on olive roots has been proven in Iraq. Inoculated seedlings had black, sunken, necrotic lesions on roots, along with foliar chlorosis, necrosis of leaf margins and curling leaf lamina, with a 100% infection rate and (46.70%) disease severity. These infections contributed to large reductions in fresh and dry and wet weights of both aerial tissues and roots.
Resilience of microbial communities in Mediterranean soil after induced drought and manipulated UV radiation
Authors: Bañeras Lluís , Llorens Laura , Díaz‐Guerra Laura , Gispert Maria , Hernández‐del Amo Elena , Massart Sébastien , Verdaguer Dolors 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnhanced UV radiation levels and decreased rainfall in Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems due to climate change might impact soil bacterial communities, significantly altering their structure and affecting biogeochemical cycles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UV‐B and UV‐A radiation on soil bacterial richness, abundance and community composition in a Typic Dystroxerept of Mediterranean shrubland and to determine whether these effects depend on reduced rainfall and/or soil physicochemical properties. Soils were subjected to long‐term UV conditions: UV‐A + UV‐B exclusion (UV0 plots), UV‐B exclusion (UVA plots), or ambient UV‐A + UV‐B exposure (UVAB plots), and combined with two rainfall regimes, natural (NR) and reduced (RR) rainfall. Barcoded amplicon 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyse changes in microbial diversity. UV radiation did not affect bacterial richness and diversity indexes and only minor differences in species composition were observed. Unidentified species of the Longimicrobiaceae appeared to be in greater abundance in the UV0 plots than in the UVA and UVAB, especially under natural rainfall, whereas members of the Pyrinomonadaceae and Ktedonobacteraceae were more abundant in UVAB. Rainfall reduction resulted in lower bacterial abundance but higher diversity (Shannon–Weiner and InvSimpson indexes) under UV exclusion. The results pointed to a combined response of soil bacterial communities to UV radiation and rainfall treatments. However, the small changes observed suggest a high resilience of the Mediterranean shrubland soil microbiome to the projected changes in UV and rainfall conditions.Highlights
Microbial abundance and diversity were analysed in Mediterranean soils exposed to contrasted UV radiation and rainfall treatments
Reduced rainfall exerted a greater effect on soil bacteria than UV radiation exposure.
Limited effects of UV and rainfall changes support a high resilience of soil bacterial communities.
Something strange in the neighborhood: Diverging signals in stock assessment data for Northeast U.S. fish stocks
Authors: Wiedenmann John , Legault Christopher M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the Northeast U.S., many stock assessments have a history of problematic model diagnostics, with multiple age‐based assessments recently being rejected in the peer review process, and are not suitable for management advice. The role in which diverging signals in the coastwide bottom trawl survey may be contributing to assessment problems was explored here for 18 stocks in the region. Specifically, trends in total mortality (Z) estimated from catch curve analysis and a relative measure of the harvest rate (total catch/survey index; called relative F) were evaluated. Across stocks, relative F has declined over time, on average, since the mid‐1990s, yet Z has not for many stocks. Weak positive or even negative correlations between relative F and Z resulted for 13 stocks. This diverging signal appears to be contributing to assessment model performance, as larger retrospective patterns (a measure of assessment uncertainty) occurred for stocks with negative correlations between relative F and Z. While a variety of mechanisms could be involved in these diverging signals, the available evidence suggests that unreported catch and/or increasing natural mortality likely play a role to varying degrees for each stock.
Demographic composition, not demographic diversity, predicts biomass and turnover across temperate and tropical forests
Authors: Needham Jessica F. , Johnson Daniel J. , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Bourg Norman , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Butt Nathalie , Cao Min , Cárdenas Dairon , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Chen Yu‐Yun , Chuyong George , Dattaraja Handanakere S. , Davies Stuart J. , Duque Alvaro , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Fernando Edwino S. , Fisher Rosie , Fletcher Christine D. , Foster Robin , Hao Zhanqing , Hart Terese , Hsieh Chang‐Fu , Hubbell Stephen P. , Itoh Akira , Kenfack David , Koven Charles D. , Larson Andrew J. , Lutz James A. , McShea William , Makana Jean‐Remy , Malhi Yadvinder , Marthews Toby , Bt. Mohamad Mohizah , Morecroft Michael D. , Norden Natalia , Parker Geoffrey , Shringi Ankur , Sukumar Raman , Suresh Hebbalalu S. , Sun I‐Fang , Tan Sylvester , Thomas Duncan W. , Thompson Jill , Uriarte Maria , Valencia Renato , Yao Tze Leong , Yap Sandra L. , Yuan Zuoqiang , Yuehua Hu , Zimmerman Jess K. , Zuleta Daniel , McMahon Sean M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe growth and survival of individual trees determine the physical structure of a forest with important consequences for forest function. However, given the diversity of tree species and forest biomes, quantifying the multitude of demographic strategies within and across forests and the way that they translate into forest structure and function remains a significant challenge. Here, we quantify the demographic rates of 1961 tree species from temperate and tropical forests and evaluate how demographic diversity (DD) and demographic composition (DC) differ across forests, and how these differences in demography relate to species richness, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon residence time. We find wide variation in DD and DC across forest plots, patterns that are not explained by species richness or climate variables alone. There is no evidence that DD has an effect on either AGB or carbon residence time. Rather, the DC of forests, specifically the relative abundance of large statured species, predicted both biomass and carbon residence time. Our results demonstrate the distinct DCs of globally distributed forests, reflecting biogeography, recent history, and current plot conditions. Linking the DC of forests to resilience or vulnerability to climate change, will improve the precision and accuracy of predictions of future forest composition, structure, and function.
Knowledge of bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease among diabetes patients: A systematic review
Authors: Maia Melissa Barral , Souza João G. S. , Bertolini Martinna , Costa Raphael C. , Costa Gustavo S. , Torres Silvério de A. S. , Ferreira Efigênia F. , Martins Andrea M. E. B. L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease has been reported in the literature, suggesting that poor glycemic control is strongly associated with increased risk of developing periodontal disease. Therefore, this systematic review evaluated the level of knowledge of this bidirectional relationship among patients with diabetes.MethodsThis systematic review (protocol CRD42018117902) was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The following databases were considered: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search strategy (April 05th, 2021) considered proper combination of keywords and eligibility criteria. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS).ResultsAmong the 328 records identified in the initial search, 24 studies were selected, considering a total of 8,693 patients. All studies used a cross‐sectional design. Among the included studies, only five showed prevalence of knowledge higher than 50%, ranging from 5.8% to 75.9%. Interestingly, 58.0% of patients reported that they brush their teeth at least 1x/day, but only four studies reported that the dentist was the main source of information. In terms of methodology and result quality, just one study clearly showed all information evaluated by the AXIS tool. Most of studies did not report sample size calculations and did not used validated questionnaires to assess patient knowledge.ConclusionThe results show that less than half of people with diabetes have knowledge about their increased risk for periodontal disease, and often the dentist is not the main source of information to motivate them.
Dogmatic, instrumental and paradoxical frames: A pragmatic research framework for studying organizational sustainability
Authors: Dzhengiz Tulin , Hockerts Kai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOur purpose is to develop a comprehensive categorization of organizational sustainability frames. This is necessary because a unified approach that considers the organizational sustainability frames of different organizations (FPOs, NPOs and hybrids) is absent in the extant research. Towards this end, we undertake an integrative review of 158 articles and identify seven frames based on three objective functions: maximization of economic capital, maintaining natural capital and creating social impact. Of the seven, three are dogmatic, each accepting only one objective function as legitimate: economic, natural and social capital; three are instrumental, with one objective function as the ultimate goal and the others as necessary means; and the last one is paradoxical, where tensions between objective functions are accommodated simultaneously rather than eliminated. We contribute to the literature by introducing the ‘dogmatic frame’ category to the ongoing conversation on organizational sustainability frames. We also contribute by demonstrating that instrumental frames exist not only at for‐profit organizations but also at non‐profits and hybrid organizations. Consequently, we link the conversation in these areas with that of organizational sustainability frames. Finally, we problematize the growing attention on the paradoxical frame by discussing its suitability in different contexts and situations.
The onset, development and pathogenesis of severe neutrophilic asthma
Authors: Zhang Xingli , Xu Zixi , Wen Xue , Huang Guoping , Nian Siji , Li Lin , Guo Xiyuan , Ye Yingchun , Yuan Qing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBronchial asthma is divided into Th2 high, Th2 low and mixed types. The Th2 high type is dominated by eosinophils while the Th2 low type is divided into neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic types. Eosinophilic asthma has gained increased attention recently, and its pathogenesis and treatment are well understood. However, severe neutrophilic asthma requires more in‐depth research because its pathogenesis is not well understood, and no effective treatment exists. This review looks at the advances made in asthma research, the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma, the mechanisms of progression to severe asthma, risk factors for asthma exacerbations, and biomarkers and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma is further discussed from four aspects: Th17‐type inflammatory response, inflammasomes, exosomes and microRNAs. This review provides direction for the mechanistic study, diagnosis and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The treatment of neutrophilic asthma remains a significant challenge for clinical therapists and is an important area of future clinical research.
Skill acquisition (TVET) and employment in Sarawak
Authors: Ohagwu Onyekachi , Nwanesi Peter Karubi , Bala Poline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) as a booster of employment opportunities in Sarawak, highlighting the importance of TVET as a catalyst that promotes individuals’ chances to gain employment, with the ultimate goal of improving their socioeconomic living conditions and overall development. As a case study focusing on Tabung Ekonomi Gagasan Sarawak (TEGAS) TVET programmes and applying the qualitative research methodological approach, this paper gathered and analysed raw data from research participants and concluded that (1) TVET plays significant roles in facilitating individuals’ or groups’ employment chances, especially within tech‐based industries, and (2) employments are rewarded with remunerations and thus facilitate individuals' socio‐economic developments.
Exploring factors that influence success when introducing “The Safewards Model” to an acute adolescent ward: A qualitative study of staff perceptions
Authors: Yates Nicholas J. , Lathlean Judith 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProblemThe Safewards’ model identifies factors that can lead to conflict and addresses these factors, using ten interventions, within inpatient mental health wards aiming to reduce “conflict and containment.” The Department of Health (2014) and Care Quality Commission (2017) supported the use of Safewards to reduce restrictive practice across all mental health settings in the UK, but its application to adolescent mental health remains relatively unexplored. This study therefore aims to address the research question: “What are the factors influencing the success of ten Safewards’ interventions when implemented onto an acute adolescent ward?”MethodsEight healthcare assistants and two nurses who had attended Safewards’ training participated in semi‐structured interviews four months after Safewards was introduced to an acute adolescent ward. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Data analysis was conducted inductively by developing data‐driven themes.FindingsMany of the factors influencing Safewards’ success in adolescent mental health (e.g., acuity; dependence on nonregular staffing; lack of leadership and operating procedures) paralleled the evidence found in adult services.ConclusionsThis study contributes new information by implementing “mutual help” and “calm down” principles with adolescents, as well as discussing barriers of operational procedures and benefits of patient involvement.