bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children at onset of type 1 diabetes show altered N-glycosylation of plasma proteins and IgG
Authors: Rudman Najda , Kifer Domagoj , Kaur Simranjeet , Simunović Vesna , Cvetko Ana , Pociot Flemming , Morahan Grant , Gornik Olga 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/hypothesisIndividual variation in plasmaN-glycosylation has mainly been studied in the context of diabetes complications, and its role in type 1 diabetes onset is largely unknown. Our aims were to undertake a detailed characterisation of the plasma and IgGN-glycomes in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes, and to evaluate their discriminative potential in risk assessment.MethodsIn the first part of the study, plasma and IgGN-glycans were chromatographically analysed in a study population from the DanDiabKids registry, comprising 1917 children and adolescents (0.6–19.1 years) who were newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. A follow-up study compared the results for 188 of these participants with those for their 244 unaffected siblings. Correlation ofN-glycan abundance with the levels and number of various autoantibodies (against IA-2, GAD, ZnT8R, ZnT8W), as well as with sex and age at diagnosis, were estimated by using general linear modelling. A disease predictive model was built using logistic mixed-model elastic net regression, and evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation.ResultsOur study showed that onset of type 1 diabetes was associated with an increase in the proportion of plasma and IgG high-mannose and bisecting GlcNAc structures, a decrease in monogalactosylation, and an increase in IgG disialylation. ZnT8R autoantibody levels were associated with higher IgG digalactosylated glycan with bisecting GlcNAc. Finally, an increase in the number of autoantibodies (which is a better predictor of progression to overt diabetes than the level of any individual antibody) was accompanied by a decrease in the proportions of some of the highly branched plasmaN-glycans. Models including age, sex andN-glycans yielded notable discriminative power between children with type 1 diabetes and their healthy siblings, with AUCs of 0.915 and 0.869 for addition of plasma and IgGN-glycans, respectively.Conclusions/interpretationWe definedN-glycan changes accompanying onset of type 1 diabetes, and developed a predictive model based onN-glycan profiles that could have valuable potential in risk assessment. Increasing the power of tests to identify individuals at risk of disease development would be a considerable asset for type 1 diabetes prevention trials.Graphical abstract
Depression, diabetes, comorbid depression and diabetes and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Prigge Regina , Wild Sarah H. , Jackson Caroline A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to investigate the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among participants with neither, one or both of diabetes and depression in a large prospective cohort study in the UK.

Methods
Our study population included 499,830 UK Biobank participants without schizophrenia and bipolar disorder at baseline. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes and depression were identified using self-reported diagnoses, prescribed medication and hospital records. Mortality was identified from death records using the primary cause of death to define cause-specific mortality. We performed Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of all-cause mortality and mortality from cancer, circulatory disease and causes of death other than circulatory disease or cancer among participants with either depression (n=41,791) or diabetes (n=22,677) alone and with comorbid diabetes and depression (n=3597) compared with the group with neither condition (n=431,765), adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, comorbidities and history of CVD or cancer. We also investigated the interaction between diabetes and depression.

Results
During a median of 6.8 (IQR 6.1–7.5) years of follow-up, there were 13,724 deaths (cancer, n=7976; circulatory disease, n=2827; other causes, n=2921). Adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality and mortality from cancer, circulatory disease and other causes were highest among people with comorbid depression and diabetes (HRs 2.16 [95% CI 1.94, 2.42]; 1.62 [95% CI 1.35, 1.93]; 2.22 [95% CI 1.80, 2.73]; and 3.60 [95% CI 2.93, 4.42], respectively). The risks of all-cause, cancer and other mortality among those with comorbid depression and diabetes exceeded the sum of the risks due to diabetes and depression alone.

Conclusions/interpretation
We confirmed that depression and diabetes individually are associated with an increased mortality risk and also identified that comorbid depression and diabetes have synergistic effects on the risk of all-cause mortality that are largely driven by deaths from cancer and causes other than circulatory disease and cancer.

Graphical abstract
Complications in image-guided musculoskeletal injections
Authors: Hynes John P. , Kavanagh Eoin C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComplications in musculoskeletal interventions are rare and where they do occur tend to be minor, and often short-lived or self-limiting. Nonetheless, the potential for significant complications exists, and a thorough understanding of both the mechanisms which contribute and the manner in which they may clinically present is of critical importance for all musculoskeletal radiologists involved in performing procedures, both to mitigate against the occurrence of complications and to aid rapid recognition. The purpose of this review is to analyse the relevant literature to establish the frequency with which complications occur following musculoskeletal intervention. Furthermore, we highlight some of the more commonly discussed and feared complications in musculoskeletal intervention, such as the risk of infection, potential deleterious articular consequences including accelerated joint destruction and the poorly understood and often underestimated systemic effects of locally injected corticosteroids. We also consider both extremely rare but emergent scenarios such as anaphylactic reactions to medications, and much more common but less significant complications such as post-procedural pain. We suggest that meticulous attention to detail including strict adherence to aseptic technique and precise needle placement may reduce the frequency with which complications occur.
Revisiting mechanisms of the Mesoamerican Midsummer drought
Authors: García-Franco J. L. , Chadwick R. , Gray L. J. , Osprey S. , Adams D. K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObservations show that the seasonal cycle of precipitation in parts of southern Mexico and Central America exhibits a bimodal signal, known as the Midsummer drought (MSD), but there is no consensus on which processes are most relevant for the two-peak structure of the rainy season. This paper evaluates three hypotheses that could explain the MSD: the SST cloud-radiative feedback, the solar declination angle and the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ) moisture transport hypotheses. Model experiments produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) for CMIP6 as well as ERA5 reanalysis data are used to critically assess the predictions of each hypothesis. The simulations capture the double peak signal of precipitation well and reasonably simulate the spatial and temporal variations of the MSD and other relevant climate features such as the CLLJ. Evidence from our analysis suggests that the Eastern Pacific SSTs do not increase in late summer in ERA5 data and only slightly increase in the simulations. More importantly, the Eastern Pacific SST variability in ERA5 and in the model experiments cannot explain the differences in the seasonality of precipitation. The net shortwave radiation at the surface shows a two-peak seasonal cycle; however, this behaviour appears to result from a strong anti-correlation of the incoming shortwave and convective activity due to cloud radiative-effects. There was no evidence found by this study of a causal link in which absorption of shortwave energy forces precipitation variations, as suggested by the solar declination angle hypothesis. The moisture convergence, CLLJ and the precipitable water vapor variations best explain the characteristics of the observed and simulated MSD, particularly for the onset of the MSD. The diagnosed variations of moisture convergence, which are synchronous with the timing of the MSD, point to a dynamic mechanism in which the low-level inflow from the Caribbean is more important for the MSD than other radiative mechanisms.
Homogeneous nucleation in polyamide 66, a two-stage process as revealed by combined nanocalorimetry and IR spectroscopy
Authors: Kipnusu Wycliffe Kiprop , Zhuravlev Evgeny , Schick Christoph , Kremer Friedrich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanocalorimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are combined to measure the calorimetric properties and molecular spectra of the same sample (sample amount about 5 ng) of polyamide 66 (PA66). By determining IR difference absorption spectra between a quenched and a sample annealed at varying temperatures (Ta) and annealing time (ta), the initial steps of homogeneous nucleation is for the first time revealed on a molecular scale, long before crystallization takes place. As starting point (i), isolated H-bonds are formed between (N–H) and (C = O) moieties of adjacent (neighboring) polymer segments promoted by far-reaching dipole–dipole interactions. In the second step (ii), the H-bonds realign, which in part requires the opening of already established H-bonds. In stage (i), the FTIR absorption intensity of the free (C = O)f moieties decreases while that of the H-bonded (C = O)b ones increases as a function of Ta at constant ta. This implies an increase in the H-bonding network in amorphous domains. The second stage of nucleation in the studied PA66 is characterized by an increase in the number of (C = O)f and a corresponding decrease in (C = O)b moieties as the sample transitions to the ordered crystalline structure. This is attributed to a change from γ to α polymorphs in PA66. The non-polar methylene units in PA66 are largely unaffected during the nucleation steps, where no changes in the overall heat capacity are detectable, proving that these changes occur prior to the onset of crystal growth.
Graphical abstract
Thrombolysis in stroke patients with elevated inflammatory markers
Authors: Altersberger Valerian L. , Enz Lukas S. , Sibolt Gerli , Hametner Christian , Nannoni Stefania , Heldner Mirjam R. , Stolp Jeffrey , Jovanovic Dejana R. , Zini Andrea , Pezzini Alessandro , Wegener Susanne , Cereda Carlo W. , Ntaios George , Räty Silja , Gumbinger Christoph , Heyse Miriam , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Zietz Annaelle , Schaufelbuehl Anna , Strambo Davide , Padlina Giovanna , Slavova Nedelina , Tiainen Marjaana , Valkonen Kati , Velzen Twan J. van , Bigliardi Guido , Stanarcevic Predrag , Magoni Mauro , Luft Andreas , Bejot Yannick , Vandelli Laura , Padjen Visnja , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Arnold Marcel , Michel Patrik , Ringleb Peter A. , Curtze Sami , Engelter Stefan T. , Gensicke Henrik ,   for the Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaborators
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the prognostic value of white blood cell count (WBC) on functional outcome, mortality and bleeding risk in stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

Methods
In this prospective multicenter study from the TRISP registry, we assessed the association between WBC on admission and 3-month poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6), mortality and occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH; ECASS-II-criteria) in IVT-treated stroke patients. WBC was used as continuous and categorical variable distinguishing leukocytosis (WBC > 10 × 109/l) and leukopenia (WBC < 4 × 109/l). We calculated unadjusted/ adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (OR [95% CI]) with logistic regression models. In a subgroup, we analyzed the association of combined leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP > 10 mg/l) on outcomes.

Results
Of 10,813 IVT-treated patients, 2527 had leukocytosis, 112 leukopenia and 8174 normal WBC. Increasing WBC (by 1 × 109/l) predicted poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.04[1.02–1.06]) but not mortality and sICH. Leukocytosis was independently associated with poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.48[1.29–1.69]) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.60[1.35–1.89]) but not with sICH (ORadjusted 1.17[0.94–1.45]). Leukopenia did not predict any outcome. In a subgroup, combined leukocytosis and elevated CRP had the strongest association with poor outcome (ORadjusted 2.26[1.76–2.91]) and mortality (ORadjusted 2.43[1.86–3.16]) when compared to combined normal WBC and CRP.

Conclusion
In IVT-treated patients, leukocytosis independently predicted poor functional outcome and death. Bleeding complications after IVT were not independently associated with leukocytosis.
Evaluating risk factors for lung cancer among never-smoking individuals using two Australian studies
Authors: Cheng Elvin S. , Weber Marianne F. , Steinberg Julia , Canfell Karen , Yu Xue Qin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lung cancer (LC) in never-smoking individuals would rank as Australia’s eighth most deadly cancer, yet risk factors remain uncertain. We investigated demographic, lifestyle and health-related exposures for LC among never-smoking Australians.

Methods
Using the prospective 45 and Up Study with 267,153 New South Wales (NSW) residents aged ≥ 45 years at recruitment (2006–2009), we quantified the relationship of 20 potential exposures with LC among cancer-free participants at baseline who self-reported never smoking. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident LC were estimated using Cox regression. The NSW Cancer, Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk (CLEAR) Study, a case–control study including 10,781 NSW residents aged ≥ 18 years (2006–2014), was used to examine 16 potential LC exposures among cancer-free never-smoking participants. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of LC were estimated using logistic regression.

Results
There were 226 LC cases among 132,354 cancer-free 45 and Up Study participants who reported never smoking, with a median follow-up of 5.41 years. The CLEAR Study had 58 LC cases and 1316 cancer-free controls who had never smoked. Analyses of both datasets showed that Asian-born participants had a higher risk of LC than those born elsewhere: cohort, adjusted HR = 2.83 (95% CI 1.64–4.89) and case–control, adjusted OR = 3.78 (1.19–12.05). No significant association with LC was found for other exposures.

Conclusion
Our findings support the growing evidence that never-smoking, Asian-born individuals are at higher risk of developing LC than those born elsewhere. Ethnicity could be considered when assessing potential LC risk among never-smoking individuals.
Drought tolerance differs between urban tree species but is not affected by the intensity of traffic pollution
Authors: Hirsch Mareike , Böddeker Helena , Albrecht Axel , Saha Somidh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Key Message
In an urban area, resistance and resilience of stem diameter growth differ substantially between tree species. Traffic emissions are reflected in wood nitrogen isotopes, but do not affect drought tolerance.

Abstract
With increasing drought and heat, the benefits of urban trees such as shading and cooling become more important. Yet, it is necessary to identify tree species able to withstand such extreme climatic conditions. We studied the resistance and resilience of stem diameter growth of five deciduous tree species in an urban area in Southwest Germany to three exceptional drought periods (2003, 2011 and 2015) for differences between and within species, especially considering the intensity of traffic emissions (NOx). Analyses of the stable isotopic composition of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) as well as the intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) in the tree rings were carried out. Further, we investigated the stable isotopic composition of nitrogen in the wood (δ15N) to assess its potential as an indicator of NOx emissions from traffic. Stem diameter growth in all species was strongly limited by low water availability in spring, as was also reflected in elevated δ13C and δ18O values in Acer platanoides and Tilia cordata, which were particularly sensitive to drought. In contrast, growth of Platanus × hispanica and Quercus robur was less affected by drought, and resistance of Carpinus betulus ranged in between. Across species, δ15N was higher in trees located closer to roads and exposed to higher NOx traffic emissions. Unexpectedly, these conditions did not significantly affect drought resistance/resilience. Our study demonstrates the potential and interpretative challenges of coupled dendroecological and isotope analyses. It also indicates clear species-specific differences in drought tolerance and thus helps to identify suitable urban tree species.
XRCT images reveal climate control on wound recovery after intense flood in Mediterranean riparian trees
Authors: Ballesteros-Cánovas Juan Antonio , Madrigal-González Jaime , Albert Carolina Guardiola , González Carina , Stoffel Markus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Key message
In the Mediterranean region, the recovery of riparian trees after wounds can be jeopardized under drier climate condition and cooccurrence of extreme flood events.

Abstract
Climate change could impair riparian vegetation dynamics through more intense and frequent climatic extreme events such as flash flooding. However, it is still poorly known how climate warming can also impair vegetation recovery through control on cellular traits after such extreme events. Here, we analyze how Mediterranean riparian tree species (namely Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus angustifolia, and Salix atrocinerea) recover after wounds caused by intense floods using 239 X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) images taken on 30 trees. The XRCT imagery allowed to characterize wounds-related macroscopic parameters in different sections along the stems in three dimensions. Then, we quantified the annual wound closure rates by dating dendrochronologically each wound and measuring the annual overgrowth on the wounded area. Finally, we used linear mixed models to investigate how wound closure rates are affected by climate conditions. Our results show that wound closure varies between species. A. glutinosa and F. angustifolia presented higher wound recovery rates than S. atrocinerea. However, the statistical analyses suggest that F. angustifolia and S. atrocinerea tend to recover much less(more) during drier(wetter) years than A. glutinosa. Our results suggest that A. glutinosa could be more stressed under climate change in the Mediterranean region, where the cooccurrence of drier conditions with extreme flood events may increase.
Conjugacy classes and union of cosets of normal subgroups
Authors: Beltrán Antonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLet G be a finite group, N a normal subgroup of G and K a conjugacy class of G. We prove that if $$K\cup K^{-1}$$

K
∪

K

-
1

is union of cosets of N, then N is soluble, K is a real-imaginary class, that is, every irreducible character of G takes real or purely imaginary values on K, and if, in addition, the elements of K are p-elements for some prime p, then N has normal p-complement. We also prove that if $$K\cup K^{-1}$$

K
∪

K

-
1

is a single coset of N, then $$\langle K\rangle $$

⟨
K
⟩

has a normal 2-complement.
Multimodal markers for technology-independent integration of augmented reality devices and surgical navigation systems
Authors: Benmahdjoub Mohamed , Niessen Wiro J. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Walsum Theo van 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) permits the visualization of pre-operative data in the surgical field of view of the surgeon. This requires the alignment of the AR device’s coordinate system with the used navigation/tracking system. We propose a multimodal marker approach to align an AR device with a tracking system: in our implementation, an electromagnetic tracking system (EMTS). The solution makes use of a calibration method which determines the relationship between a 2D pattern detected by an RGB camera and an electromagnetic sensor of the EMTS. This allowed the projection of a 3D skull model on its physical counterpart. This projection was evaluated using a monocular camera and an optical see-through device (HoloLens 2) (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/hololens/) achieving an accuracy of less than 2.5 mm in the image plane of the HoloLens 2 (HL2). Additionally, 10 volunteers participated in a user study consisting of an alignment task of a pointer with 25 projections viewed through the HL2. The participants achieved a mean error of 2.7 1.3 mm and 2.9 2.9$$^\circ $$

∘

in positional and orientation error. This study showcases the feasibility of the approach, provides an evaluation of the alignment, and finally, discusses its advantages and limitations.
Live and let live: understanding the temporal drivers and spillovers of life expectancy in Europe for public planning
Authors: Gracia-de-Rentería Pilar , Ferrer-Pérez Hugo , Sanjuán Ana Isabel , Philippidis George 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe European continent has one of the longest life expectancies in the world, but still faces a significant challenge to meet the health targets set by the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations for 2030. To improve the understanding of the rationale that guides health outcomes in Europe, this study assesses the direction and magnitude effects of the drivers that contribute to explain life expectancy at birth across 30 European countries for the period 2008–2018 at macro-level. For this purpose, an aggregated health production function is used allowing for spatial effects. The results indicate that an increase in the income level, health expenditure, trade openness, education attainment, or urbanisation might lead to an increase in life expectancy at birth, whereas calories intake or quantity of air pollutants have a negative impact on this health indicator. This implies that health policies should look beyond economic factors and focus also on social and environmental drivers. The results also indicate the existence of significant spillover effects, highlighting the need for coordinated European policies that account for the synergies between countries. Finally, a foresight analysis is conducted to obtain projections for 2030 under different socioeconomic pathways. Results reveal significant differences on longevity projections depending on the adoption, or not, of a more sustainable model of human development and provides valuable insight on the need for anticipatory planning measures to make longer life-spans compatible with the maintenance of the welfare state.