bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient caught breastfeeding and instructed to stop: an empirical ethics study on marijuana and lactation
Authors: Gross Marielle S. , Le Neveu Margot , Milliken Kara A. , Beach Mary Catherine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The US guidelines recommend avoiding marijuana during breastfeeding given concerns about infant’s neurodevelopment. In this setting, some physicians and hospitals recommend against or prohibit breastfeeding when marijuana use is detected during pregnancy. However, breastfeeding is beneficial for infants and women, and stigmatization of substance use in pregnancy has been historically linked to punitive approaches with a disproportionate impact on minority populations. We advance an empirically informed ethical analysis of this issue.

Methods
First, we performed a retrospective cross-sectional qualitative study of prenatal and postpartum records from a random sample of 150 women delivered in an academic hospital system in 2017 to provide evidence and context regarding breastfeeding management in relation to marijuana use. We then perform a scoping literature review on infant risks from breastmilk marijuana exposure and risks associated with not breastfeeding for infants and women. Finally, we analyze this issue vis-a-vis ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy, and justice.

Results
(1) Medical records reveal punitive language pertaining to the medicinal use of marijuana in pregnancy and misinterpretation of national guidelines, e.g., “patient caught breastfeeding and instructed to stop.”
(2) Though there are plausible neurodevelopmental harms from breastmilk exposure to THC, evidence of infant effects from breastmilk exposure to marijuana is limited and largely confounded by concomitant pregnancy exposure and undisclosed exposures. By contrast, health benefits of breastfeeding for women and infants are well-established, as are harms of forgoing breastfeeding.
(3) Discouraging breastfeeding for women with marijuana use in pregnancy contradicts beneficence, as it neglects women’s health considerations and incorrectly assumes that risks exceed benefits for infants. Restrictive hospital practices (e.g., withholding lactation support) compromise maternal autonomy and exploit power asymmetry between birthing persons and institutions, particularly when compulsory toxicology screening prompts child welfare investigations. Finally, recommending against breastfeeding during prenatal care and imposing restrictions during postpartum hospitalization may exacerbate racial disparities in breastfeeding and related health outcomes.

Conclusions
Policy interpretations which discourage rather than encourage breastfeeding among women who use of marijuana may cause net harm, compromise autonomy, and disproportionately threaten health and wellbeing of underserved women and infants.
Endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis: what is missing from COVID-19 and cannabidiol story?
Authors: Ashtar Nakhaei Nazanin , Najarian Andisheh , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Norooznezhad Amir Hossein 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong pathways involved in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), impaired endothelial cell (EC) function and angiogenesis have been discussed less frequently than others such as cytokine storm. These two do play parts in the development of various clinical manifestations of COVID-19 including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the hyper-coagulation state.MethodsThis narrative review attempts to gather recent data on the possible potential of cannabidiol in the treatment of COVID-19 with an eye on angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. Keywords including cannabidiol AND angiogenesis OR endothelial cell as well as coronavirus disease 2019 OR COVID-19 AND angiogenesis OR endothelial dysfunction were searched among the databases of PubMed and Scopus.ResultsCannabidiol (CBD), as a therapeutic phytocannabinoid, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for two types of seizures. Due to the potent anti-inflammatory properties of CBD, this compound has been suggested as a candidate treatment for COVID-19 in the literature. Although its potential effect on ECs dysfunction and pathologic angiogenesis in COVID-19 has been overlooked, other than cytokines like interleukin 1β (IL-β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) that are common in inflammation and angiogenesis, CBD could affect other important factors related to ECs function and angiogenesis. Data shows that CBD could decrease pathologic angiogenesis via decreasing ECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. These activities are achieved through the suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Moreover, in an animal model, ARDS and sepsis responded well to CBD treatment.ConclusionAltogether and considering the current use of CBD in the clinic, the conduction of further studies on CBD administration for patients with COVID-19 seems to be useful.
The added role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the evaluation of pathological nipple discharge
Authors: Fakhry Sherihan , Abdel Rahman Rasha Wessam , Shaalan Hanan Shawky , Hassan Maher Hassan Ibraheem , Tealab Safy Hosny , Sayed Safia Badr 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Nipple discharge is one of the commonest encountered complaints in the field of breast imaging. Excluding malignancy as a cause of pathological nipple discharge is of utmost importance. Our aim in this study was to assess the role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the diagnostic workup of patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND).

Results
In the current prospective study, 59/140 lesions were benign and 81/140 lesions were malignant. Analysis of CESM had achieved a higher sensitivity of 97.5% and a similar specificity of 54.2% as compared to sono-mammography, which achieved a sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 54.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of CESM was higher (79.3%) than sono-mammography (76.3%). CESM performed better than sono-mammography in the assessment of disease extent, as it was able to detect multifocality, multicentricity, and diffuse abnormalities, which were found in 24.1%, 43.0% and 8.9% of cases, respectively, as compared to 20.5%, 37.2%, and 3.8% of cases by sono-mammography.

Conclusion
CESM can be a valuable diagnostic imaging tool in the detection of malignancy associated with PND if sono-mammographic findings are equivocal. Its greater impact is on the delineation of disease extent, which will alter the treatment strategy.
Prolonged prone position in pregnant woman with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Linassi Federico , Campagnolo Matteo , Busato Enrico , Ortolani Valentina , Peta Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe manuscript describes a case report of 2 prolonged prone position cycles (72 h each) of a coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in an intubated pregnant woman (at 22 weeks of gestational age), being successfully discharged from intensive care unit after 20 days. There were no signs of fetal sufferance at daily obstetric monitoring during prone position, and the fetus was born fully vital and without consequences.At our knowledge, this is the first case of prolonged prone position in a pregnant woman, and we feel that our manuscript could be a valuable contribution to the literature and help intensivists in providing intensive care in these patients, confirming that prone position seems to be a valid therapeutic choice, limiting maternal and fetal hypoxia, and reducing their morbidity, even if the oculate risk/benefit should be performed. Further studies are however necessary to increase the knowledge and the good management of COVID-19 in pregnancy.
Inclusion relations between the statistical convergence and strong summability
Authors: Kolk Enno 
Published: April 2022

For a sequential method of summability B we define B-density and B-statistical convergence in a Banach space X, and investigate inclusion relations between the space of B-statistically convergent sequences and the space of strongly B-summable sequences with respect to a sequence of modulus functions F=(fk). As an application, two theorems of Pehlivan and Fisher [27] are corrected.
Matrix transformations of double sequences
Authors: Zeltser Maria 
Published: April 2022

We study the space Ce of double sequences (xkl) satisfying liml limk |xkl-a| = 0 for some number a, and its subspace Cbe of elements with bounded columns. Using the gliding hump method, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a 4-dimensional matrix to transform a space X into a space Y, where X,Y ∈ {Ce,Cbe}.
Convergence in measure and Weyl multipliers for absolute summability of double function series
Authors: Baron Simson , Türnpu Heino 
Published: April 2022

In this article a quantitative relation between the partial sums of the double function series ∑m,ncmnfmn(x) and the double sequence (cmn) of its coefficients is established. Estimates of powers of the partial sums of the double function series are given and Weyl multipliers for absolute summability almost everywhere by triangular matrix methods are obtained.
Uniform convergence and A^\lambda-boundedness ofseries with respect to product systems
Authors: Saealle Natalia 
Published: April 2022

Let {gk} be an orthogonal product system. For a continuous function u it is proved that the series ∑k<u,wk>gk(t) with the Walsh-Fourier coefficients <u,wk> is convergent (A-summable, Aλ-bounded, regularly Aλ-summable) uniformly if and only if the Walsh-Fourier series ∑k<u,wk>wk(t) has the same property.
Linear sufficiency and completeness in the partitioned linear model
Authors: Isotalo Jarkko , Puntanen Simo 
Published: April 2022

In this paper we consider the estimation of X1β1 under the partitioned linear model {y,X1β1+X2β2,σ2V}. In particular, we consider linear sufficiency and linear completeness of X1β1. We give new characterizations for linear sufficiency of X1β1, and define and characterize linear completeness in a case of estimation of X1β1. We also introduce a predictive approach for obtaining the best linear unbiased estimator of X1β1, and subsequently, we give linear analogues of the Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffé theorems in the context of estimating X1β1.
Timelike parallel p_i-equidistant ruled surfaces by a timelike base curve in the Minkowski 3-space R^3_1
Authors: Kuruoğlu Nuri , Masal Melek 
Published: April 2022

Timelike parallel pi-equidistant ruled surfaces are introduced and relations about polar planes, natural curvatures and natural torsions are given. In addition, relations between distribution parameters, shape operators, Gaussian and mean curvatures of these ruled surfaces are obtained. After all, an example related to the parallel timelike p2-equidistant ruled surfaces is given.
Thomas befördert Thomas befördert Thomas – Geschlechterbezogene Stereotype und ihre Implikationen für die Besetzung von CTO-Positionen
Authors: Sundermeier Janina , Steenblock Conny 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit Jahrzehnten ist und bleibt die Anzahl von Frauen in der Position des Chief Technology Officer (CTO) niedrig. Das Resultat sind wirtschaftliche und soziale Nachteile sowohl für Unternehmen als auch für die Gesellschaft. Mögliche Ursachen für das ungleiche Geschlechterverhältnis in der IT-Führung beschäftigen Forschung und Praxis gleichermaßen. Da sich etwaige Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen im Hinblick auf Beförderungswürdigkeit oder Ambition nicht biologisch erklären lassen, rücken zunehmend soziale Konstruktionen der CTO-Rolle und ihrer Merkmale in den Fokus. Diese Studie geht der Frage nach, welche geschlechterbezogenen Stereotype in diesem Zusammenhang im deutschsprachigen Raum existieren. Dazu werden qualitative Daten aus 12 Fokusgruppen mittels explorativer Datenanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die verbreiteten Vorstellungen von einer CTO-Position überwiegend männlich konnotiert sind. In den drei identifizierten Stereotypen spiegelt sich das gesellschaftliche Bild eines männlichen, bereits in jungen Jahren stark geförderten und gut ausgebildeten Ideals wider, welches als Voraussetzung angesehen wird, um die technisch geprägte Führungsrolle erfolgreich ausfüllen zu können. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse werden Handlungsoptionen für Wissenschaft und Praxis diskutiert.
Estimation of mean population salt intakes using spot urine samples and associations with body mass index, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia: Findings from STEPS Survey 2019, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Saroj , Bista Bihungum , Yadav Binod Kumar , Gynawali Pradip , Poudyal Anil , Jha Anjani Kumar , Dhimal Meghnath 
Published: April 2022

Background
High dietary salt intake is recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attack and stroke. Accurate measurement of population level salt intake is essential for setting targeted goals and plans for salt reduction strategies. We used a spot urine sample to estimate the mean population salt intake in Nepal and evaluated the association of salt intake with excess weight, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia, and a number of socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods
A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to May 2019 using a WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance. Spot urine was collected from 4361 participants aged 15–69 years for the analysis of salt intake. We then used the INTERSALT equation to calculate population salt intake. Student’s ‘t’ test, one-way ANOVA and multivariable linear regression were used to assess the association between salt intake and a number of factors. Statistical significance was accepted at P < .05.

Results
The average (±SD) age of participants was 40 (14.1) years. Mean salt intake, derived from spot urine samples, was estimated to be 9.1g/d. A total of 70.8% of the population consumed more than the WHO’s recommended amount of 5g salt per day, with almost one third of the population (29%) consuming more than 10g of salt per day. Higher salt intake was significantly associated with male gender (β for male = 0.98g; 95%CI:0.87,1.1) and younger age groups (β25–39 years = 0.08; 95%CI:-0.08,0.23) and higher BMI (β = 0.19; 95%CI:0.18,0.21). Participants who were hypertensive and had raised blood cholesterol consumed less salt than people who had normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels (P<0.001).

Conclusions
Salt consumption in Nepal is high, with a total of 70.8% of the population having a mean salt intake >5g/d, well above the World Health Organization recommendation. High salt intake was found to be associated with sex, age group, education, province, BMI, and raised cholesterol level of participants These findings build a strong case for action to reduce salt consumption in Nepal in order to achieve the global target of 30% reduction in population salt intake by 2025.
Housing Preference and Choice of Nigerians: Evidence from the Organised Private Sector Housing
Authors: Adegoke Samson Akinbamide Omobayo 
Published: April 2022

The decline of housing as a political priority despite growing demand has made housing choice decision more difficult. This study is an examination of the revealed preference of beneficiaries of organized private sector housing delivery in Nigeria. The study relied on data collected from sampled estates from two (2) states in each of the six geo – political zones of Nigeria. These are flats, bungalows, semi – detached and detached houses. In all, about 58% of all beneficiaries choose flats about 31% choose bungalows 7% choose semi – detached houses and only about 4% of all the beneficiaries choose detached houses. The findings from this study showed that about 89% of all beneficiaries choose flats and bungalows. The policy implication of the preponderance of flat and bungalow in the housing choice of beneficiaries is that they are the popular, acceptable and affordable typologies of Nigerians. Therefore, these types of houses should be given priority in funding by National Housing Trust Fund (NHTF).
Theoretical and philosophical aspects of special powers of a political community with regard to counter terrorism security
Authors: Rosicki Remigiusz 
Published: April 2022

The material scope of the analysis undertaken in the text covers the issues concerned with the relationship between two goods. Between the good constituted by community security on the one hand, and the good vested in the power to apply special measures falling within necessary defence and the state of higher necessity. The problem of the relationship between two goods, e.g. a conflict between two goods, can be observed in the competition between the common good and the good of the individual. A similar relation can be noted in the process of derogation from the obligations upon the contemporary political community as regards protection of life and other individual rights and freedoms. Special cases of the conflict between goods include the admissibility of the use of force, violence or restriction of individual freedom. Undoubtedly, situations in which individuals or groups are subjected to torture or have their life taken serve as the most extreme examples of violence use by the political community. All kinds of surveillance measures used by state institutions should be reckoned among the examples concerned with interference in individuals’ private lives.
The main purpose of the analysis contained in the text is to present all manner of argumentation concerned with the possibility of applying special measures within or outside the bounds of necessary defence and the state of higher necessity by the political community. In order to elaborate the objective scope of the analysis, the following research questions have been formulated in the text: (1) To what extent is it possible, within the limits of the law and per analogiam to the individual’s adequate actions, for the political community to apply special measures (necessary defence or the state of higher necessity) with the aim of providing security (and in particular counter terrorism security) for itself?, (2) To what extent is it possible, outside the limits of the law and per analogiam to the individual’s adequate actions, for the political community to apply special measures (necessary defence or the state of higher necessity) with the aim of providing security (and in particular counter terrorism security) for itself?
The presented analysis is chiefly an overview of a conceptual character with regard to the presentation of the issues concerned with the relationship between such goods as security and special powers of a political community. For the presentation of the legal aspects of this issue textual, functional and systemic interpretations have been applied. Next to the individual kinds of legal interpretation, in the course of argumentation a theoretical reflection on the law is used. The conceptual approach to the title problem makes use of argumentation per analogiam to appropriate actions by an individual when faced with a direct threat, and specified in the provisions of the Polish criminal law – necessary defence and the state of higher necessity.
Verbal and nonverbal disagreement in an ELF academic discussion task
Authors: Liu Chen , McDonough Kim , Trofimovich Pavel , Uludag Pakize 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) studies have examined the linguistic features of disagreements during interactive academic tasks and casual conversations. Fewer studies, however, have explored nonverbal cues of disagreement, and even less is known about how interlocutors perceive disagreements. Therefore, using data from a corpus of ELF interaction, this study examined the verbal features and visual cues used by ELF university students to disagree during an academic discussion task. The disagreement episodes were selected through a content analysis of stimulated recall protocols in which a speaker stated that a disagreement had occurred. Transcripts were analyzed to classify the speaker’s verbal strategies as being mitigated or unmitigated. Video recordings were examined for facial expressions, body movements, and hand gestures. Findings revealed that ELF students used mitigated linguistic strategies, such as hedges, during disagreement while gaze aversion, smiling, and head nods were the most frequent nonverbal cues. The stimulated recall data showed that disagreements were perceived as an opportunity to listen, think, and share different opinions. Implications are discussed in terms of how to interpret features of disagreement in language classrooms.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a luminescent cadmium(II) complex with bis(4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)phenyl)amine and 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoate ligands
Authors: Huang Cheng-Yan , Zhang Hai-Ou , Han Hong-Xia , Liu Yi-Bing , Xiao Qiong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A new coordination polymer {[Cd(BIPA)(DCPS)](H2O)}
n
(1) was constructed with bis(4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)phenyl)amine and 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoate ligands. The complex 1 features (BIPA–Cd–BIPA)
n
and (DCPS–Cd–DCPS)
n
helical chains in a 3D architecture assembled via hydrogen bonds. A spectroscopic study of complex 1 in the crystalline state showed an intense red-shifted photoluminescence as compared with the ligands BIPA and DCPS2−, which can be attributed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions.
L'utilisation du jeu de devinette comme média interactif dans l'évaluation du vocabulaire des élèves de la classe X de SMAN 2 Demak pour Présenter Son Identité
Authors: Sa’adah Maziyyatus , Handayani Sri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Le but de cette étude est de décrire le résultat et l’intérêt des élèves de la classe X de SMAN 2 Demak après avoir utilisé le jeu de Devinette comme média interactif dans l'évaluation du vocabulaire pour présenter son identité. Cette étude utilise la conception pré-expérimentale. Les répondants à cette étude sont les élèves de la classe X de SMAN 2 Demak. Les méthodes utilisées sont celles de test et questionnaire. Dans cette étude, le résultat d'apprentissage des étudiants est inclus dans la catégorie "parfaite" avec la note moyenne de 96,4 et que l'intérêt des étudiants est classiquement indiqué dans la catégorie "très élevée" avec un score de 1916. les élèves qui ont obtenu la note avec la catégorie "parfaite" sont 34 élèves (77,27 %), les élèves qui ont obtenu la note dans la catégorie "très bien" sont 6 élèves (13,64 %) et les élèves qui ont obtenu la note dans la catégorie "bonne" sont 4 élèves (9,09 %). Selon la catégorie l’intérêt individuel, les élèves appartenant à la catégorie d'intérêt "très élevée" sont 27 élèves (61,36 %) et les élèves appartenant à la catégorie d'intérêt "élevée" sont 17 élèves (38,64 %).
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the result and interests of the tenth graders of SMAN 2 Demak after using the Devinette game as an interactive media in evaluation of the vocabulary for présenter son identité. This study uses a pre-experimental design with a one-shot case study research method. Respondents in this study were students of class X SMAN 2 Demak. The method used is a test method and a questionnaire. This study showed that student result was included in the "perfect" category with an average of 96.4 and student interest classically was stated in the "very high" category with a score of 1916. Students who obtained scores with the "perfect" category were 34 students (77.27 %), students who scored in the "excellent" category were 6 students (13.64 %) and students who scored in the "good" category were 4 students (9.09 %). According to the category of individual student interests, students belonging to the "very high" interest category were 27 student (61.36 %) and students belonging to the "high" interest category were 17 student (38.64 %).