bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin, and oxidation products of cyanidin protect neuronal function through alleviating inflammation and oxidative damage
Authors: Zhu Zhenzhu , Yang Lipin , Li Zhong , Liu Qin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurotoxicity seriously affects the normal function of the nervous system. Cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant anthocyanin widely distributed in plants. Using β‐amyloid (Aβ) transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans and cell models, the neuroprotective effect of C3G was examined. The results showed that C3G remarkably suppressed Aβ aggregation, enhanced antioxidant capacity, improved the sensitive capacity towards chemical compounds, and boosted the memory ability of C. elegans. There was no significant difference between preventive and long‐term treatment groups at the same dosage of C3G. Given the rapid metabolism and oxidation of C3G in vivo, the antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities of C3G, the metabolite cyanidin (Cy), oxidation products of Cy (OP), as well as protocatechuic acid (PCA) at the corresponding level in OP were compared by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV2 microglia cell model. The results indicated that C3G, Cy, and OP could prevent BV2 cells against LPS‐induced inflammation and oxidative damage. There was no significant difference on antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities among C3G, Cy, and OP at the same level. Notably, PCA at the corresponding concentration in OP exhibited limited antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities. The results suggested that C3G could exert neuroprotective function through the metabolite Cy and its oxidation products by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative damage, and PCA was not the primary bioactive species in OP.Practical ApplicationThis study confirmed the neuroprotection of cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. C3G, its metabolite cyanidin (Cy), and oxidation products of Cy (OP) alleviated both neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. It highlighted that C3G‐rich foods could exert neuroprotective potential through their oxidation products, the constitution, and existence of OP in vivo need further study.
Thymoma exhibiting spontaneous regression with developing myasthenia gravis: A case report
Authors: Nishina Kazuhisa , Suzuki Mikito , Nakamura Azusa , Shimizu Reiko , Shima Toshiyuki , Harada Masahiko , Hishima Tsunekazu , Horio Hirotoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpontaneous regression (SR) of thymoma is rare. A 44‐year‐old man with right chest pain underwent computed tomography (CT), which showed an 11.0 cm mass in the anterior mediastinum and right pleural effusion. He refused surgery and was sent home without medication and additional treatment. One year later, the mass had regressed to 5.5 cm, and the right pleural effusion had disappeared. He was then lost to follow‐up. Four years after the initial visit, he presented with diplopia and fatigue. A significant increase in his anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody levels led to myasthenia gravis (MG) diagnosis. CT revealed a regressed mediastinal mass (3.0 cm). After extended thymectomy, histologic analysis confirmed a thymoma type B2, Masaoka stage IIa. The SR was due to intratumoral infarction. This report is the first to describe MG developing during SR. Anterior mediastinal tumors undergoing SR should be differentiated from thymomas and MG perioperative development should be considered.
Congenital syphilis prevention in the context of methamphetamine use and homelessness
Authors: Plotzker Rosalyn E. , Burghardt Nicole O. , Murphy Ryan D. , McLean Rachel , Jacobson Kathleen , Tang Eric C. , Seidman Dominika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCongenital syphilis (CS) is increasing in the United States and is associated with intersecting social and structural determinants of health. This study aimed to delineate birthing parent characteristics associated with CS in an adjusted model.Methods (n = 720)People diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy from 2017 to 2018 who were interviewed and linked to infants in the California state surveillance system were included (herein, “birthing parents”). Sociodemographic and clinical CS risk factors informed a stepwise multivariable logistic regression model in which the outcome of interest was infants born with CS. CS prevention continuums delineated the proportion of pregnant people with syphilis who completed steps (e.g., prenatal care entry, syphilis testing, treatment) needed to prevent CS; the outcome was delivering an infant without CS. We stratified continuums by homelessness and methamphetamine use to explore differences in CS outcomes.ResultsOf 720 birthing parents, 245 (34%) delivered an infant with CS. Although CS was initially associated with homelessness (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6, 4.0) and methamphetamine use (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.1), the addition of prenatal care into a final adjusted model attenuated these associations to not significant. In CS prevention continuums, delivering an infant without CS was less likely for people who reported methamphetamine use (p < .001) and/or homelessness (p < .001). However, when examining only those who received prenatal care, statistical differences for these predictors no longer existed. In the final adjusted model the following were associated with CS: no prenatal care (OR = 16.7, 95% CI: 9.2, 30.3) or late prenatal care (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 4.2); early stage of syphilis (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.7); living in Central California (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.2).Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThis is the first analysis to explore birthing parent characteristics associated with delivering an infant with CS in an adjusted model. We demonstrate that prenatal care, when accessed, can result in effective CS prevention among people who are unhoused and/or using methamphetamine equally well compared to counterparts without these risk factors.
Industry Specialization and Audit Quality: Evidence from Audit Firm Switches in China*
Authors: Ding Fangfei , Qiao Ziwei , Hu Mingxia , Lu Minkang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have investigated the consequences of auditor switching. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the impact of industry specialization on audit quality using audit firm switches in China. We find that changing from a non‐specialist to a specialist at the auditor partner level rather than the audit firm level decreases discretionary accruals and increases value relevance and the likelihood of modified audit opinions and going‐concern opinions. These results suggest that upward partner‐level industry specialization improves audit quality for clients, which attenuates the negative impact of an audit switch.
Improving operative documentation in colorectal cancer surgery: synoptic notes pave the way forward
Authors: Buchanan Jayvee , McCombie Andrew , Connor Saxon , Eglinton Tim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSynoptic operative reports may improve reporting of key operative information. This study aimed to compare information included in synoptic reports with narrative notes following the introduction of a synoptic reporting system at a tertiary colorectal cancer referral centre.MethodsA standardized synoptic template incorporating the operative fields in the Australasian Bi‐National Colorectal Cancer Audit (BCCA) was introduced for colorectal cancer surgery at the host institution in 2017. Colorectal cancer patients were identified from a prospectively collected database to collate samples of synoptic and narrative operative reports for comparison. The primary outcome was reporting of colon and rectal cancer‐specific quality measures. Synoptic reporting of quality measures by clinician grade and uptake of synoptic reporting were also measured.ResultsFive hundred and ninety‐five operative reports were reviewed; 84% of all quality measures were included in synoptic reports and 43% in narrative reports describing colon cancer surgery (P <0.001). Synoptic reports describing rectal cancer surgery included 84% of quality measures with 40% reported in narrative reports (P <0.001). Reporting for most individual quality measures did not change depending on clinician experience. Synoptic reporting methods were used to document 80% of all colon cancer surgery and 84% of rectal cancer surgery.ConclusionSynoptic operative reports were superior to narrative reports in documenting quality measures. Synoptic reporting facilitates simultaneous data capture and bulk upload for audits including the BCCA. Development of synoptic operative reports standardized across Australasian colorectal cancer centres should be further investigated as a tool to facilitate collaborative audit and research.
Biogeographic and evolutionary history of Crotonoideae based on pollen evidence from Indian Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments
Authors: Bansal Mahi , Mishra Shreya , Prasad Vandana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEuphorbiaceae Juss. is a globally distributed angiosperm family with considerable diversity. It is divided into five subfamilies, each of which possesses pollen of distinct morphology. The subfamily Crotonoideae, occurring in evergreen, moist deciduous as well as dry deciduous forests of the world, shows a disjunct distribution pattern in Gondwana and Southeast Asia. This subfamily underwent multiple speciation and extinction events during the northward voyage of the Indian Plate during the Late Cretaceous‐early Paleogene. We studied Crotonoideae fossil pollen from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappeans (Central India) and early Paleogene sediments from the western Indian lignite mines, and as a result, report 10 pollen fossils showing similarity with the extant generaBlachia,Croton,Endospermum,Jatropha,Klaineanthus, andTetrorchidium, representing 4 tribes of Crotonoideaeviz. Adenoclineae, Codiaeae, Crotoneae, and Jatropheae. Fossil evidences from the present study suggest a Gondwanan origin for Crotonoideae. Based on the extant and fossil species, Africa could be the place of origin for most of the Crotonoideae lineages that later dispersed to India via the Kohistan‐Ladakh Island Arc during the late Maastrichtian‐Paleocene time. The former distribution of Crotonoideae in mid‐high latitudinal regions is due to the dispersal of the subfamily from Africa to mid latitudinal regions of northern hemisphere during the early Paleogene via the boreotropical dispersal route. This study also corroborates the “Out of India” hypothesis for the dispersal of Crotonoideae from India to Southeast Asia. The present deep‐time fossil records from India discussed in this study substantiate the evolutionary and biogeographic history of subfamily Crotonoideae.
Which recipient pretransplant factors, such as MELD, renal function, sarcopenia, and recent sepsis influence suitability for and outcome after living donor liver transplantation? A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Roll Garrett R. , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Jalal Arif , Yan Cheung Tsz , Olthoff Kim M. , Caicedo Juan C. , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Yagi Shintaro , Cattral Mark S. , Soin Arvinder S. ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundVaried access to deceased donors across the globe has resulted in differential living donor liver transplant (LDLT) practices and lack of consensus over the influence of models for end stage liver disease (MELD), renal function, sarcopenia, or recent infection on short‐term outcomes.ObjectivesConsider these risk factors in relation to patient selection and provide recommendations.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central.MethodsPRIMSA systematic review and GRADE. PROSPERO ID: RD42021260809ResultsMELD >25–30 alone is not a contraindication to LDLT, and multiple studies found no increase in short term mortality in high MELD patients. Contributing factors such as muscle mass, acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation score, donor age, graft weight/recipient weight ratio, and inclusion of the middle hepatic vein in a right lobe graft influence morbidity and mortality in high MELD patients. Higher mortality is observed with pretransplant renal dysfunction, but short‐term mortality is rare. Sarcopenia and recent infection are not contraindications to LDLT. Morbidity and prolonged LOS are common, and more frequent in patients with renal dysfunction, nutritional deficiency or recent infection.ConclusionsWhen individual risk factors are studied mortality is low and graft loss is infrequent, but morbidity is common. MELD, especially with concomitant risk factors, had the greatest influence on short term outcome, and recent infection had the least. A multidisciplinary team of experts should carefully assess patients with multiple risk factors, and an optimal graft is recommended.
Vulnerability of facial attractiveness perception to early and multi‐year visual deprivation
Authors: Gupta Priti , Shah Pragya , Shrestha Swochchhanda , Gilad‐Gutnick Sharon , Ganesh Suma , Gandhi Tapan , Sinha Pawan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJudgments of facial attractiveness invariably accompany our perception of faces. Even neonates appear to be capable of making such judgments in a manner consistent with adults. This suggests that the processes supporting facial attractiveness require little, if any, visual experience to manifest. Here we investigate the resilience of these processes to several years of early‐onset visual deprivation. Specifically, we study whether congenitally blind children treated several years after birth possess the ability to rate facial attractiveness in a manner congruent to normally sighted individuals. The data reveal significant individual variability in the way each newly sighted child perceives attractiveness. This is in marked contrast to data from normally sighted controls who exhibit strong across‐subject agreement in facial attractiveness ratings. This variability may be attributable, in part, to atypical facial encoding strategies used by the newly sighted children. Overall, our results suggest that the development of facial attractiveness perception is likely to be vulnerable to early visual deprivation, pointing to the existence of a possible sensitive period early in the developmental trajectory.
Recognition of facial emotion expressions and perceptual processes in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Buzzanca Antonino , Accinni Tommaso , Frascarelli Marianna , Troisi Eloisa , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Fanella Martina , Putotto Carolina , Marino Bruno , Pasquini Massimo , Biondi Massimo , Di Fabio Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial cognition (SC) deficits and of its facial emotion expression (FEE) component have been described in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS), a high‐risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) systemic genetic syndrome. Correlations between deficits in FEE skills and visual‐spatial abilities in people with 22q11.2DS warrant investigation.MethodsThe sample consisted of 37 patients with 22q11.2DS (DEL), 19 with 22q11.2DS and psychosis (DEL‐SCZ), 23 with idiopathic SCZ, and 48 healthy controls. We assessed FEE through The Ekman 60 Faces test (EK‐F60), visual‐spatial skills with Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, and symptom severity with the positive And negative syndrome scale. Statistics were conducted through multivariate analysis of variance and correlation analysis.ResultsPatients with 22q11.2DS performed worse that the other groups in recognizing Surprise, Disgust, Rage, Fear, and Neutral expressions on the EK‐F60. Recognition of Surprise and Disgust correlated positively with visual‐spatial abilities in patients with 22q11.2DS; negative and cognitive symptoms correlated negatively with recognition of Sadness, Surprise, and Disgust.ConclusionsPatients with 22q11.2DS show impairments of both peripheral and central steps of the emotional recognition process, leading to SC deficits. The latter are present regardless of the presence of a full‐blown psychosis.
Cerebrovascular disease in suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathophysiology and cognitive decline over time
Authors: Saridin Francis Nicole , Chew Kimberly Ann , Reilhac Anthonin , Gyanwali Bibek , Villaraza Steven Gayoles , Tanaka Tomotaka , Scheltens Phillip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Chen Christopher Li Hsian , Hilal Saima 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying cause of cognitive decline in individuals who are positive for biomarkers of neurodegeneration (N) but negative for biomarkers of amyloid‐beta (A), designated as Suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathophysiology (SNAP), remains unclear. We evaluate whether cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is more prevalent in those with SNAP compared to A−N− and A+N+ individuals and whether CeVD is associated with cognitive decline over time in SNAP patients.MethodsA total of 216 individuals from a prospective memory clinic cohort (mean [SD] age, 72.7 [7.3] years, 100 women [56.5%]) were included and were diagnosed as no cognitive impairment (NCI), cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), Alzheimer's dementia (AD) or vascular dementia (VaD). All individuals underwent clinical evaluation and neuropsychological assessment annually for up to 5 years. Carbon 11‐labeled Pittsburgh Compound B ([11C]‐PiB) or [18F]‐flutafuranol‐positron emission spectrometry imaging was performed to ascertain amyloid‐beta status. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess neurodegeneration as measured by medial temporal atrophy ≥2, as well as significant CeVD (sCeVD) burden, defined by cortical infarct count ≥1, Fazekas score ≥2, lacune count ≥2 or cerebral microbleed count ≥2.ResultsOf the 216 individuals, 50 (23.1%) A−N+ were (SNAP), 93 (43.1%) A−N−, 36 (16.7%) A+N− and 37 (17.1%) A+N+. A+N+ individuals were significantly older, while A+N+ and SNAP individuals were more likely to have dementia. The SNAP group had a higher prevalence of sCeVD (90.0%) compared to A−N−. Moreover, SNAP individuals with sCeVD had significantly steeper decline in global cognition compared to A−N− over 5 years (p = 0.042).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CeVD is a contributing factor to cognitive decline in SNAP. Therefore, SNAP individuals should be carefully assessed and treated for CeVD.
On electron loss lowering at hematite photoelectrode interfaces
Authors: Bedin Karen C. , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Ingrid , Peregrino Lizandra R. P. , Vayssieres Lionel , Souza Flavio L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotoelectrodes nanoscale interface design has become a key factor to enhancing their photoelectrochemical performance for water splitting by reducing the photogenerated charge recombination, thus ensuring their efficient separation, transport, and collection. In this work, hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanodes were prepared from a simple and scalable methodology capable of synergistically mitigating the charge loss and recombination at all interfaces (i.e., fluorine‐doped tin oxide/hematite, hematite/hematite, and hematite/electrolyte) and achieving overall efficiency of ∼50% for the water oxidation reaction compared to pristine photoelectrodes. The external quantum efficiency at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode of pristine hematite was enhanced 6.7 times with the modifications of the three interfaces (Al2O3/NbH/NiFeOx). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopies were applied to probe and monitor the photogenerated charge carrier dynamics revealing a substantial improvement in charge separation and collection at the back‐contact interface as well as a partial mitigation of the surface states at the hematite–electrolyte interface.
Assessing the nonlinear decay of community similarity: Permutation and site‐block resampling significance tests
Authors: Martínez‐Santalla Sara , Martín‐Devasa Ramiro , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Crujeiras Rosa M. , Baselga Andrés 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimModelling how community similarity decays with spatial distance is a key tool for the study of the processes behind community variation (beta diversity). Distance‐decay models are computed from pairwise metrics (i.e. community similarity and spatial distance between localities) and hence suffer from pairwise dependence in the data, precluding the use of standard significance tests. Besides, distance‐decay patterns are inherently nonlinear because similarity is bounded between 1 and 0. However, the only standard method to assess model significance under pairwise dependency is the Mantel test, which considers a linear model. To allow the use of nonlinear models in the assessment of distance‐decay patterns, we introduce here a nonlinear significance test combining a pseudo‐R2 statistic with either permutations or block‐site resampling with replacement.LocationGlobal.TaxonApplicable to any taxon.MethodsTo assess the performance of the pseudo‐R2 significance test (i.e. type I error and statistical power), we have applied this method to exponential and power‐law generalized linear models of simulated distance‐decay data. We compared its performance with the one of a linear model (i.e. Mantel test) and illustrated its use with real data.ResultsThe pseudo‐R2 significance test has generally good type I error and statistical power, even for highly nonlinear relationships. The Mantel test shows an adequate empirical approximation of type I error, but presents lower statistical power when the distance‐decay relationship highly departs from linearity.Main conclusionsThe proposed pseudo‐R2 significance test for nonlinear models is adequate for exponential and power‐law models of distance‐decay of similarity and should be preferred over the linear Mantel test. Furthermore, this significance test could also be used in other nonlinear distance‐based regressions. The novel site‐block resampling method could also be applied to other statistical questions related to distance‐decay models that cannot be tackled using permutations, such as estimating the variance of model parameters.
Long‐term effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in the nursing home setting
Authors: Rivasi Giulia , Bulgaresi Matteo , Bandinelli Chiara , Balzi Daniela , Tarantini Francesca , Tognelli Silvia , Lorini Chiara , Buscemi Primo , Baggiani Lorenzo , Landini Giancarlo , Ungar Andrea , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo , Mossello Enrico , Benvenuti Enrico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination has significantly reduced infection, hospitalization, and lethality rates among nursing home (NH) residents, but durability of vaccine effects remains unknown.This study investigated the long‐term impact of BNT162b2 SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine on breakthrough infection rates in the NHs of Florence, Italy.MethodsParticipants included residents living in Florence NHs as of April 1st, 2021, who had completed the primary SARS‐CoV2 vaccination course by February 15th, 2021. Weekly rates of breakthrough infection were calculated between April 1st and October 31st 2021, with 7‐day incidence defined as the number of new confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive residents over the vaccinated resident census. Hospital admissions and deaths were recorded from local administrative and clinical sources. Patients admitted to NHs after April 1st were excluded to avoid confounding effect of different vaccination timing.ResultsAmong 2271 vaccinated residents (mean age 86.6, 74% female), we recorded 105 cases of breakthrough infections. Rates of breakthrough infection remained very low in the 6 months after vaccination, but started to rise over the following months, peaking at 0.94%, and then became stable around 0.2%–0.3%. Over the study period, infection rates remained low as compared to the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pre‐vaccination period. Overall hospitalization and lethality rates were 8%.ConclusionsAmong vaccinated NH residents, rates of breakthrough SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization and lethality remained low up to 9 months following primary vaccination course. A mild resurgence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, after 6 months from vaccination, suggests a decline of vaccine effectiveness in preventing transmission.