bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Thellungiella halophila ST7 for improving salt tolerance in cotton
Authors: ALI Mohsin , NAZISH Tahmina , JAVAID Ayesha , ZHU Yonghong , LI Jing , ZHANG Huangyang , WU Jie , XIANG Chengbin , WU Shenjie , ALFATIH Alamin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) is one of the principal fiber crops in the world. Cotton yield is highly affected by abiotic stresses, among which salt stress is considered as a major problem around the globe. Transgenic approach is efficient to improve cotton salt tolerance but depending on the availability of salt tolerance genes.

Results
In this study we evaluated salt tolerance candidate gene ST7 from Thellungiella halophila, encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis aluminum-induced protein, in cotton. Our results showed that ThST7 overexpression in cotton improved germination under NaCl stress as well as seedling growth. Our field trials also showed that ThST7 transgenic cotton lines produced higher yield under salt stress conditions. The improved salt tolerance of the transgenic cotton lines was partially contributed by enhanced antioxidation as shown by diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) staining. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of ThST7 overexpression lines showed a significant upregulation of the genes involved in ion homeostasis and antioxidation, consistent with the salt tolerance phenotype of the transgenic cotton.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that ThST7 has the ability to improve salt tolerance in cotton. The ThST7 transgenic cotton may be used in cotton breeding for salt tolerance cultivars.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of frontline health workers in relation to detection of brucellosis in rural settings of Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mligo Belinda Joseph , Sindato Calvin , Yapi Richard B. , Mathew Coletha , Mkupasi Ernatus M. , Kazwala Rudovick R. , Karimuribo Esron D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis an important zoonotic disease worldwide, which frequently presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness with otherwise varied and non-specific clinical manifestations. Despite its importance, there are few reports on its awareness among frontline health workers. This study aimed at assessing the baseline knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to detection and management of brucellosis among frontline health workers (FHWs) namely; healthcare workers (HWs) and community health workers (CHWs).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 in Kilosa and Chalinze districts of Tanzania. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding brucellosis were collected from the study participants using a structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with 32 HWs and 32 CHWs who were systematically selected in study districts. Chi square/fisher Exact was used to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and those related to knowledge, attitude and practices.ResultsOverall, a total of 30 (93.8%) HWs and nine (28.1%) CHWs from the study districts heard about brucellosis, with (34.4%) of HWs having knowledge about the causative organism. Overall, knowledge showed almost half (46.9%) HWs and (28.1%) CHWs were aware of the symptoms, clinical signs, diagnosis and control regarding brucellosis. Knowledge difference was statistically significant with HWs’ age (p = 0.016).Almost half (46.9%) HWs and less than quarter (12.5%) CHWs had good practices regarding brucellosis control. Almost three quarters (71.9%) of HWs and (21.9%) CHWs had positive attitude regarding brucellosis control; overall attitude was statistically significant with CHWs age (p = 0.028) and education level (p = 0.024).Lack of awareness and unavailability of diagnostic tools were the main challenges faced by FHWs in the two districts.ConclusionThe majority of participants were not aware of human brucellosis. Moreover, their overall knowledge was inadequate and the common practices were diagnostic tools, and adequate knowledge to manage brucellosis cases. These findings highlight the need to strengthen frontline health workers knowledge, practices and diagnostic capacities related to brucellosis.
Improvement prostate cancer detection rate of suspicious lesions through MRI/TRUS fusion guided biopsy by a multiteam of radiologists
Authors: Fiorello Nicolò , Mogorovich Andrea , Di Benedetto Andrea , Summonti Daniele , Tessa Carlo , Turturici Laura , Mannini Andrea , Bellucci Michele , Vignali Claudio , Sepich Carlo Alberto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The objective of our study was to analyze the data of our biopsies, determine a detection rate (DR), compare it with the data in the literature and draw possible deductions, so as to offer the patient the possibility of not having other biopsies in the future.

Methods
We have enrolled 189 biopsy-naive patients in the period between September 2018 and December 2020. Each patient underwent multiparametric (mp)-MRI which was reviewed by our team of radiologists. In our center, each examination is examined by 4 radiologists separately with an overall final result. Through the t student test, any statistically significant differences between the DRs and the concordance rate between the positive cores and the suspected area on MRI were analyzed for each urologist who performed the procedure.

Results
The absolute (DR) was 69.3% (131/189 patients). The relative DR for each PIRADS score was 41% for PIRADS 3, 70.2% for PIRADS 4, 89.3% for PIRADS 5. We found a high percentage of agreement between the positive biopsy samples and the suspicious area identified on MRI: 90.8% (119/131 patients). There were no statistically significant differences between the DRs of the urologists who performed the procedure (p = 0.89), nor for the percentage of agreement between the positivity of the core and the suspected area on MRI (p = 0.92).

Conclusions
MRI in the future could become the gold standard for performing MRI fusion-guided biopsies to have a better diagnostic result and avoid rebiopsies. A team MRI reading allows greater accuracy in identifying the suspected lesion, which is demonstrated by a high rate of agreement with the positivity of the cores (90.8%). There is a cost problem due to the need to carry out the mpMRI but it could have less impact in the future. In addition, the MRI provides useful information on the extent of the disease (e.g., cT3a/b) which allows you to better plan the surgical strategy or other therapies.
Lipid droplets associated perilipins protein insights into finding a therapeutic target approach to cure non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Sharma Aman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world, and it’s linked to a slew of other risk factors including diabetes, obesity, dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease. More than 30 years ago, a patient was diagnosed with fatty liver with excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes, a disorder known as hepatosteatosis. There will be no promising therapeutic medicines available from 1980 to 2021 which can reverse the fatty liver to normal liver state. In this review, we highlighted on lipid droplet associated protein which play a major role in accumulation of fat in liver cells and how these cellular pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach to treat the fatty liver disease.Main bodyOver the last few decades, Western countries follow a high-fat diet and change their lifestyle pattern due to certain metabolic disorders prevalence rate is very high all over the world. NAFLD is a major health issue and burden globally nowadays. Researchers are trying to find out the potential therapeutic target to combat the disease. The exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unclear. In the present decades. There is no Food and Drug Administration approved drugs are available to reverse the chronic condition of the disease. Based on literature survey, lipid droplets and their associated protein like perilipins play an eminent role in body fat regulation. In this review, we explain all types of perilipins such as perilipin1-5 (PLIN1-5) and their role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver which will be helpful to find the novel pharmacological target to treat the fatty liver.ConclusionIn this review, majorly focussed on how fat is get deposited into hepatocytes follow the cellular signalling involved during lipid droplet biogenesis and leads to NAFLD. However, up to date still there mechanism of action is unclear. In this review, we hypothesized that lipid droplets associated proteins like perilipins could be better pharmacological target to reverse the chronic stage of fatty liver disease and how these lipid droplets associated proteins hide a clue to maintain the normal lipid homeostasis in the human body.
Surface Dyakonov–Cherenkov radiation
Authors: Hu Hao , Lin Xiao , Wong Liang Jie , Yang Qianru , Liu Dongjue , Zhang Baile , Luo Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent advances in engineered material technologies (e.g., photonic crystals, metamaterials, plasmonics, etc.) provide valuable tools to control Cherenkov radiation. In all these approaches, however, the particle velocity is a key parameter to affect Cherenkov radiation in the designed material, while the influence of the particle trajectory is generally negligible. Here, we report on surface Dyakonov–Cherenkov radiation, i.e. the emission of directional Dyakonov surface waves from a swift charged particle moving atop a birefringent crystal. This new type of Cherenkov radiation is highly susceptible to both the particle velocity and trajectory, e.g. we observe a sharp radiation enhancement when the particle trajectory falls in the vicinity of a particular direction. Moreover, close to the Cherenkov threshold, such a radiation enhancement can be orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in traditional Cherenkov detectors. These distinct properties allow us to determine simultaneously the magnitude and direction of particle velocities on a compact platform. The surface Dyakonov–Cherenkov radiation studied in this work not only adds a new degree of freedom for particle identification, but also provides an all-dielectric route to construct compact Cherenkov detectors with enhanced sensitivity.
Rethinking Research in English with Nontraditional Adult Students
Authors: Fulford Collie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Adult students of diverse experiences, disciplines, and identities can become valued contributors to faculty-directed research while also benefiting from the experience. However, national data show that older students participate in mentored research at one of the lowest rates among all groups tracked. This article forwards principles for facilitating nontraditional students’ involvement in collaborative research. These were developed during studies conducted about and with adult undergraduates at a historically Black university. Student researchers’ insights, adult learning theory, and the scholarship of undergraduate research and mentoring indicate interlacing benefits that students, faculty, and English studies may gain from developing such research partnerships.
The Methods Course as Access Point
Authors: Halasek Kay , Lang Susan , Koneval Addison 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines a required undergraduate empirical methods course in writing, rhetoric, and literacy to assess how well it introduces humanities students to empirical research methods. The common curriculum contains a commitment to affordable learning as well as to making students agents of their own learning. Student work artifacts, pre- and post-course surveys, and course evaluations were collected and analyzed to examine the impact of the course on student understanding of and engagement in undergraduate research. Initial results indicate that students are gaining skills that will enable them to function as researchers going forward.
The Role of the Graduate Student in Inclusive Undergraduate Research Experiences
Authors: Franz Hannah , Charity Hudley Anne , King Rachael Scarborough , Calhoun Kendra , miles-hercules deandre , Muwwakkil Jamaal , Edwards Jeremy , Duffie Cecily A. , Knox Danielle , Lawton Bishop , Merritt John Henry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The authors present a lab-based research model that engages graduate students in undergraduate research mentorship positions that are mutually beneficial for graduate students, undergraduates, and faculty. They show how this model can be scaled up and adapted across the range of English disciplines. The authors share examples of the different types of research that they have engaged in for linguistics, literary archival studies, creative writing, and writing pedagogy. These examples illustrate how undergraduate research mentorship can prepare graduate students to teach and mentor students using effective methods in various institutional contexts.
The Trajectory of an Undergraduate Researcher
Authors: Bresee Andrea , Kinkead Joyce 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the progress of an undergraduate English major on the scholarship continuum outlined by Laurie Grobman (2009). The student engaged in authentic research in a research methods course for English majors, a class that also meets a university requirement of “quantitative intensive,” and she completed two research projects of note. Her journey has implications and significance for faculty in designing undergraduate research experiences.
High-content image analysis to study phenotypic heterogeneity in endothelial cell monolayers
Authors: Chesnais Francois , Hue Jonas , Roy Errin , Branco Marco , Stokes Ruby , Pellon Aize , Le Caillec Juliette , Elbahtety Eyad , Battilocchi Matteo , Danovi Davide , Veschini Lorenzo 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Endothelial cells (ECs) are heterogeneous across and within tissues, reflecting distinct, specialised functions. EC heterogeneity has been proposed to underpin EC plasticity independently from vessel microenvironments. However, heterogeneity driven by contact-dependent or short-range cell–cell crosstalk cannot be evaluated with single cell transcriptomic approaches, as spatial and contextual information is lost. Nonetheless, quantification of EC heterogeneity and understanding of its molecular drivers is key to developing novel therapeutics for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and for revascularisation in regenerative medicine. Here, we developed an EC profiling tool (ECPT) to examine individual cells within intact monolayers. We used ECPT to characterise different phenotypes in arterial, venous and microvascular EC populations. In line with other studies, we measured heterogeneity in terms of cell cycle, proliferation, and junction organisation. ECPT uncovered a previously under-appreciated single-cell heterogeneity in NOTCH activation. We correlated cell proliferation with different NOTCH activation states at the single-cell and population levels. The positional and relational information extracted with our novel approach is key to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning EC heterogeneity.
Educação Aberta como mudança de jogo: histórias da pandemia
Authors: Ribeiro Renata Aquino 
Published: January 2022

O texto é uma tradução adaptada de obra colaborativa publicada por autores da Grécia, Itália, Polônia, Uruguai e Brasil. Buscou-se manter o texto original resumindo apenas o necessário para adequação à publicação. No trabalho são apresentadas iniciativas positivas e mudanças na educação originadas como uma reação ao fechamento das escolas durante a pandemia do COVID-19 em 2020 e que são parte do que são conhecidas como Práticas de Educação Aberta e Recursos Educacionais Abertos. O objetivo dessa análise é iniciar a discussão sobre o papel protagonizado pela Educação Aberta durante a pandemia e fornecer argumentos que apoiem a formação de políticas públicas. Serão descritas iniciativas de cinco países – Grécia, Itália, Polônia, Uruguai e Brasil. Para cada país forneceremos: 1. histórias específicas sobre a compreensão mais ampla do conceito de Educação Aberta durante a pandemia para incentivar debate e inspiração. Cada iniciativa é relacionada a uma Recomendação de Recurso de Educação Aberta da UNESCO (UNESCO, 2021); 2. as reações governamentais frente à pandemia e as ações tomadas, também do ponto de vista do uso da Educação Aberta para aprendizagem remota; 3. uma breve descrição dos sistemas educacionais nos dias antes da pandemia. Conclusões chave do estudo foram tiradas a partir dos registros das discussões entre os autores dos relatos e ativistas da Educação Aberta durante um workshop de dois dias em outubro de 2020 tais como: recursos, instituições e infra-estrutura construídos no modelo da Educação Aberta fornecem resiliência aos sistemas educacionais.
Educação básica e as novas formas de aprender e ensinar na cibercultura
Authors: Souza Karine Pinheiro , Aquino Renata , Lima Vagna 
Published: January 2022

O número temático da Revista Docência e Cibercultura (ReDoC) possui o tema "Eclosão dos saberes e fazeres: exercício da docência na educação básica". Para exaltar o movimento que pulsou, ressoou e intensificou a cultura digital, a educação on-line, com seus avanços, mas também profundas contradições, na eclosão de temas que passaram a ser amplamente discutidos, tais como: ensino remoto, ensino híbrido, educação on-line, cibercultura, multiletramentos, didáticas interativas, sala de aula on-line, jogos educacionais, games, formação docente, políticas de inclusão, educação aberta, humor, multimodalidades, produção artístico cultural.
CÃO QUE LADRA NÃO MORDE? A TUTELA COLETIVA CONSUMERISTA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Gómez Manuel 
Published: January 2022

Este artigo descreve a situação atual da proteção ao consumidor na América Latina, com atenção especial aos esforços recentes realizados, tanto em nível nacional, como regional, e aos desafios enfrentados. Ele examina o panorama da tutela coletiva consumerista na região e também discute o uso de litígios transnacionais como uma estratégia corretiva para as deficiências do regime de proteção ao consumidor latino-americano. Como mostra o artigo, a despeito das muitas diferenças entre os sistemas jurídicos nacionais dos países latino-americanos, tem havido algumas tentativas de alcançar a sincronização regional. Desde o anteprojeto da CIDIP-VII elaborado sob a égide da Organização dos Estados Americanos (“OEA”), ao significativo esforço empreendido pela Conferência das Nações Unidas para o Comércio e o Desenvolvimento (“UNCTAD”) com o apoio do governo suíço; vários países agora podem coordenar suas atividades e trabalhar para harmonizar seus regimes jurídicos. Não obstante essa perspectiva otimista, ainda existem alguns obstáculos importantes que se interpõem e que impediram esses sistemas modernizados de proteção ao consumidor de atingir alguns de seus objetivos. Ao concluir o artigo, sugeriu-se, como uma forma possível de mitigar os problemas existentes, que os países latino-americanos prestem mais atenção em assegurar que os consumidores tenham acesso a meios locais e eficazes de proteção judicial (em outras palavras, que os remédios existentes não apenas “ladrem, mas também mordam”.
Integrated Fabry–Perot filter with wideband noise suppression for satellite-based daytime quantum key distribution
Authors: Han Liying , Li Yang , Xu Ping , Tao Xueying , Luo Wenbin , Cai Wenqi , Liao Shengkai , Peng Chengzhi 
Published: January 2022

Spectral filtering is essential in daytime quantum key distribution (QKD), which can suppress the strong background noise caused by scattered solar irradiation. An integrated Fabry–Perot filter is implemented based on a scheme that combines a Fabry–Perot etalon and a dense-wavelength-division-multiplex filter for narrow linewidth filtering and broad-spectrum noise suppression, respectively. This filter is integrated into a butterfly package with single-mode fibers for optical input and output, thereby enhancing high robustness and ease of use. The measurement results show that the filter has a linewidth of 25.6 pm, a noise suppression of over 44.7 dB ranging between 1380–1760 nm, an optical efficiency of 74.5% with variation less than 0.9% in 120 min, and a polarization fidelity after compensation exceeding 99.9%. The ability of fine-tuning the central wavelength with 9.5 pm/°C makes it very suitable for satellite-based applications under the Doppler effect. Further analysis is also given to demonstrate the prospects of applying this filter in future satellite-based daytime QKD applications.
Mutually testing source-device-independent quantum random number generator
Authors: Cheng Jialin , Qin Jiliang , Liang Shaocong , Li Jiatong , Yan Zhihui , Jia Xiaojun , Peng Kunchi 
Published: January 2022

Quantum random numbers have an incomparable advantage over pseudo-random numbers since randomness originates from intrinsic property of quantum mechanics. The generation rate and the security of quantum random numbers are two significant indicators of a quantum random number generator (QRNG) for practical applications. Here we propose a mutually testing source-device-independent QRNG by simultaneously measuring a pair of conjugate quadratures from two separate parts of an untrusted continuous-variable quantum state. The amounts of randomness of the quadratures can be mutually estimated by each other via entropic uncertainty principle. Instead of randomly toggling between the conjugate quadratures of one state for collecting different types of data, two quadratures can generate check data and raw bits simultaneously and continuously in this mutually testing manner, which enhances the equivalent generation rate of private random bits to around 6 Gbit/s with a 7.5 mW laser beam. Moreover, the overall security is also improved by adjusting the conditional min-entropy in real time according to the continually monitored fluctuations of the local oscillator and the randomly measured electronic noise of homodyne detectors.