bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of superior electrostriction in BaTiO3‐based lead‐free relaxors via the formation of polarization nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Lu , Qi He , Deng Shiqing , Cao Lingzhi , Liu Hui , Hu Shuxian , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrostrictive materials have wide applications in modern high‐precision electronic devices. Driven by growing environmental concerns, there is demand for lead‐free materials with superior electrostriction behaviors. In this study, we demonstrate a record‐high electrostrictive coefficient of ~0.0712 m4 C−2 in perovskite ferroelectric ceramics, along with hysteresis‐free strain as well as excellent frequency and thermal stabilities, in lead‐free BaTiO3‐based ceramics through a polarization nanocluster design. By appropriately introducing Li+ and Bi3+ into the BaTiO3 lattice matrix, the long‐range ferroelectric ordering can be broken, and polarization nanoclusters can be formed, resulting in a relaxor state with concurrently suppressed polarization and maintained electro‐strain. A three‐dimensional atomic model constructed using advanced neutron total‐scattering data combined with the reverse Monte Carlo method indicates the existence of Bi and Li segregations at the subnanometer scale, which confirms the prediction made by density functional theory calculations. Such a short‐range chemical order destroys the long‐range ferroelectric order of the off‐centered Ti polar displacements and leads to the embedding of Li+/Bi3+‐rich polar nanoregions in the Ba2+‐rich polarization disorder matrix. Further, a completely reversible electric‐field‐induced lattice strain is observed, giving rise to pure electrostriction without hysteresis behavior. This work provides a novel strategy for developing lead‐free relaxor ferroelectrics with high electrostriction performance.image
Role of macrophages in HIV pathogenesis and cure: NIH perspectives
Authors: Joseph Jeymohan , Daley William , Lawrence Diane , Lorenzo Eric , Perrin Peter , Rao Vasudev R , Tsai Shang-Yi , Varthakavi Vasundhara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMacrophages play a significant role in HIV infection and contribute to pathogenesis of comorbidities as well as establishment of the viral reservoir in people living with HIV. While CD4+ T cells are considered the main targets of HIV infection, infected macrophages resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing to the persistent HIV reservoir. Furthermore, activated macrophages drive inflammation and contribute to the development of comorbidities, including HIV-associated CNS dysfunction. Better understanding the role of macrophages in HIV infection, persistence, and comorbidities can lead to development of innovative therapeutic strategies to address HIV-related outcomes in people living with HIV. In October 2021, the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard conducted a virtual meeting on role of macrophages in HIV infection, pathogenesis, and cure. This review article captures the key highlights from this meeting and provides an overview of interests and activities of various NIH institutes involved in supporting research on macrophages and HIV.
N‐substituted phthalazine sulfonamide derivatives as non‐classical aldose reductase inhibitors
Authors: Türkeş Cüneyt , Arslan Mustafa , Demir Yeliz , Çoçaj Liridon , Nixha Arleta Rifati , Beydemir Şükrü 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAldose reductase (AR, AKR1B1; EC 1.1.1.21) is an aldo‐keto reductase that has been widely investigated as an enzyme crucially involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic complications, including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cataracts associated with diabetes mellitus. Although sulfonamides have been reported to possess many other biological activities, in continuation of our interest in designing and discovering potent inhibitors of AR, herein, we have evaluated the AR inhibitory potential of N‐substituted phthalazine sulfonamide derivatives 5a‐l. The biological studies revealed that all the derivatives show excellent activity against AR, with KI constants ranging from 67.73 to 495.20 nM. Among these agents, 4‐(6‐nitro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrophthalazine‐2‐carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide (5e) and 1,4‐dioxo‐3‐(4‐sulfamoylbenzoyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrophthalazine‐6‐carboxylic acid (5f) showed prominent inhibitory activity with KI values of 67.73 and 148.20 nM, respectively, vs AR and were found to be more potent than epalrestat (KI = 852.50 nM), the only AR inhibitor currently used in the therapy. Moreover, molecular docking studies were also performed to rationalize binding site interactions of these sulfonamides (5a‐l) with the target enzyme AR. According to ADME‐Tox, predicts were also determined that these derivatives be ARIs displaying suitable drug‐like properties. The sulfonamides identified in this study may be used to develop lead therapeutic agents inhibiting diabetic complications.
Chlorophyll–total phosphorus relationships emerge from multiscale interactions from algae to catchments
Authors: Olson Carly R. , Jones Stuart E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChlorophyll and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations are key indicators of lake water quality and the relationship between them is a common tool for assessing lake trophic status. Despite the application of the chlorophyll–TP relationship in management settings, there is still an absence of a mechanistic understanding underlying its shape. We leveraged a process‐based model that focuses primarily on biogeochemical and physiological mechanisms to develop a framework that reconciles interactions between multiscale drivers of the chlorophyll–TP relationship, such as hydrologic P loads, lake shape, and algal physiology. We found that combinations of lake shape and hydrologic P load induce broad shifts in algal limitation status that underly the shape of the chlorophyll–TP relationship. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of algal traits in controlling shifts in limitation. Our framework ties key landscape and ecosystem features to biological limitation and provides a synthetic and process‐based understanding of the chlorophyll–TP relationship.
Simple strategy toward tailoring fracture properties of brittle architected materials
Authors: Da Daicong , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBased on standard stiffness (compliance) and stress designs in structural topology optimization (TO), this work proposes a simple strategy to tailor fracture properties of brittle architected materials. Material distribution in the design domain is customized through a stress‐constrained strain‐energy maximization TO framework. Structures consisting of a singlephase brittle material are studied. Mechanical fracture properties of the optimized structure including stiffness, toughness, strength, and failure displacement are thereafter quantified via the phase field modeling. Reported results show that the obtained architecture can achieve 6 times tougher and more than 1.5 times stronger compared with the stiffness‐only TO result. Against to stress‐only optimization, all concerned mechanical properties including stiffness, toughness, and strength can be improved by more than 15% simultaneously.
A space deployable antenna model based on shape memory alloy composite with folding‐deploying two‐way behavior
Authors: Du Haiyang , Yao Yongtao , Zhao Yajun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, a flexible space deployable antenna model with good self‐folding and deploying two‐way shape memory effect is proposed and prepared based on shape memory alloy composite strips and polyimide thin film. The thickness and cyclic properties of the shape memory alloy strip were considered for the two‐way shape memory effect. Good self‐folding at 110°C and self‐deploying at 20°C for 10 min were demonstrated. Moreover, the Joule heating method was applied to improve the folding speed within 90 s. The two‐way shape memory effect with reversible self‐folding and deploying behavior of the space deployable antennas is aimed at improving avoidance of space debris in future applications.
(Poly)phenols of apples contribute to in vitro antidiabetic properties: Assessment of Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection
Authors: Yu Cindy H. J. , Migicovsky Zoë , Song Jun , Rupasinghe H. P. Vasantha 
Published: September 2022

Societal Impact StatementApples are affordable and accessible fruit with tremendous biodiversity. Among over 10,000 identified apple cultivars, only a few are commercially available. Habitual fruit consumption is correlated with the prevention of Type 2 diabetes and related complications. Particularly, (poly)phenols found in apples are major contributors to their antidiabetic properties. Here, we have screened (poly)phenol‐rich extracts of 476 apple accessions in Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection for antidiabetic properties. The results of this work provide insights into the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes by identifying high (poly)phenol‐containing specialty apples for use in fresh fruit form or value‐added functional food ingredients.Summary

The recent trend in sedentary lifestyles and nutritionally‐imbalanced diets has elevated the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in many parts of the world. Some pharmacological glycemic management can cause undesirable gastrointestinal side effects or hypoglycemia. Thus, there is a growing interest in safe glycemic management using dietary (poly)phenols.
In this study, (poly)phenol‐rich extracts of 476 apple accessions from Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection (ABC) and six major apple (poly)phenols were assessed for in vitro antidiabetic properties against the activities of α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE).
Apple (poly)phenol extracts varied in their antidiabetic activities in a dose‐dependent manner. High (poly)phenol‐containing apples demonstrated that their total phenolic contents (TPC) were inversely correlated with the IC50 values of α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and AGE formation, but not DPP‐4. Concentrations of major (poly)phenol compounds such as procyanidin B2, phloridzin, and epicatechin in apples were significantly inversely correlated with IC50 values of α‐glucosidase in the high (poly)phenol‐containing apples.
High TPC apples are not suitable for marketing for fresh fruit consumption due to bitterness and astringency; however, these apples show potential to use in the development of value‐added functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals for blood glucose management. The high TPC apple, “S23‐03‐749,” an advanced breeding line of dessert apple, presents a novel option as a specialty apple cultivar for the dietary management of glycemia.
miR‐3,178 contributes to the therapeutic action of baicalein against hepatocellular carcinoma cells via modulating HDAC10
Authors: Qi Junan , Li Jun , Bie Beibei , Shi Mengjiao , Zhu Mengchen , Tian Jing , Zhu Kai , Sun Jin , Mu Yanhua , Li Zongfang , Guo Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of hepatic malignancies with high mortality and poor prognosis. Baicalein, one of the major and bioactive flavonoids isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is reported to have anti‐proliferation effect in varying cancers, including HCC, whose underlying molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, we found that baicalein significantly inhibited proliferation and colony formation, blocked cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis in HCC cells MHCC‐97H and SMMC‐7721 in vitro and reduced tumor volume and weight in vivo. Increased microRNA (miR)‐3,178 levels and decreased histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) expression were found in cells treated with baicalein and in patients' HCC tissues. HDAC10 was identified as a target gene of miR‐3,178 by luciferase activity and western blot. Both baicalein treatment and overexpression of miR‐3,178 could downregulate HDAC10 protein expression and inactivated AKT, MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax and FoxO3α/p27/CDK2/Cyclin E1 signal pathways. Not only that, knockdown of miR‐3,178 could partly abolish the effects of baicalein and the restoration of HDAC10 could abated miR‐3,178‐mediated role in HCC cells. Collectively, baicalein inhibits cell viability, blocks cell cycle, and induces apoptosis in HCC cells by regulating the miR‐3,178/HDAC10 pathway. This finding indicated that baicalein might be promising for treatment of HCC.
Fake news detection using deep learning integrating feature extraction, natural language processing, and statistical descriptors
Authors: Madani Mirmorsal , Motameni Homayun , Mohamadi Hosein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFake news potentially causes serious problems in society. Therefore, it is necessary to detect such news, which is, of course, associated with some challenges such as events, verification and datasets. Reference datasets related to this area face various problems, like the lack of sufficient information about news samples, no subject diversity, etc. The present paper proposes a model using feature extraction and machine learning algorithms for dealing with some of these problems. In the feature extraction phase, two new features (named coherence and cohesion), along with other key features, were extracted from news samples. In the detection phase, initially, the news samples of each dataset were sorted based on a specific order (easier samples in the beginning and harder ones towards the end) using a hybrid method consisting of statistical descriptors and a k‐nearest neighbor algorithm. Then, inspired by the human learning principles, the sorted news samples, were sent to the Long‐Short‐Term Memory and classical machine learning algorithms for the detection of fake news. The obtained results indicated the higher performance of the proposed model in fake news detection compared to benchmark models.
The Eye Versus Chemistry? From Twentieth to Twenty-First Century Connoisseurship
Authors: Tummers Anna , Erdmann Robert G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis essay traces the evolution of connoisseurship in the Netherlands from the early twentieth century to current and future challenges. In the twentieth century, the attitude of art historians towards chemistry varied from extreme distrust to extreme optimism about the possibilities of the discipline to provide conclusive evidence in authentication matters. While the chemical methods and technical means to research paintings have developed at an unprecedented pace in the twenty-first century, some of the key questions crucial to classifying works of art remain largely the same (e.g. how much consistency to expect in an artist’s brushwork, painting technique and choice of materials?). However, other questions are new (e.g. how to interpret vast amounts of new data?) and call for a fundamentally different approach: for a cross-pollination of (technical) art history, chemistry and data science. While surveying recent developments, this essay discusses the merits and drawbacks of several modern analytical techniques (including as MA-XRF, HIS/RIS, isotope analysis and GC-MS) as well as the potential of digital aids (smart tools). The focal point of this essay is on the Netherlands since advances in the scientific investigation of works of art have repeatedly transformed the practice of connoisseurship here.
Toward an Energy Data Platform Design: Challenges and Perspectives from the SYNERGY Big Data Platform and AI Analytics Marketplace
Authors: Lampathaki Fenareti , Biliri Evmorfia , Tsitsanis Tasos , Tsatsakis Kostas , Miltiadou Dimitris , Perakis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractToday, the need for “end-to-end” coordination between the electricity sector stakeholders, not only in business terms but also in securely exchanging real-time data, is becoming a necessity to increase electricity networks’ stability and resilience while satisfying individual operational optimization objectives and business case targets of all stakeholders. To this end, the SYNERGY energy data platform builds on state-of-the-art data management, sharing, and analytics technologies, driven by the actual needs of the electricity data value chain. This paper will describe the layered SYNERGY Reference Architecture that consists of a Cloud Infrastructure, On-Premise Environments, and Energy Apps and discuss the main challenges and solutions adopted for (a) the design of custom pipelines for batch and streaming data collection and for data manipulation and analytics (based on baseline or pre-trained machine learning and deep learning algorithms) and (b) their scheduled, on-event, or real-time execution on the cloud, on-premise and in gateways, toward an energy data space. Particular focus will be laid on the design of the SYNERGY AI analytics marketplace that allows for trustful sharing of data assets (i.e., datasets, pipelines, trained AI models, analytics results) which belong to different stakeholders, through a multi-party smart contract mechanism powered by blockchain technologies.
Technological Perspective of Data Governance in Data Space Ecosystems
Authors: Torre-Bastida Ana I. , Gil Guillermo , Miñón Raúl , Díaz-de-Arcaya Josu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractData has been identified as a valuable input to boost enterprises. Nowadays, with the vast quantity of data available, a favorable scenario is established to exploit it, but crucial challenges must be addressed, highlighting its sharing and governance. In this context, the data space ecosystem is the cornerstone which enables companies to share and use valuable data assets. However, appropriate Data Governance techniques must be established to benefit from such opportunity considering two levels: internal to the organization and at the level of sharing between organizations. At a technological level, to reach this scenario, companies need to design and provision adequate data platforms to deal with Data Governance in order to cover the data life-cycle. In this chapter, we will address questions such as: How to share data and extract value while maintaining sovereignty over data, confidentiality, and fulfilling the applicable policies and regulations? How does the Big Data paradigm and its analytical approach affect correct Data Governance? What are the key characteristics of the data platforms to be covered to ensure the correct management of data without losing value? This chapter explores these challenges providing an overview of state-of-the-art techniques.
KRAKEN: A Secure, Trusted, Regulatory-Compliant, and Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing Platform
Authors: Gabrielli Silvia , Krenn Stephan , Pellegrino Donato , Pérez Baún Juan Carlos , Pérez Berganza Pilar , Ramacher Sebastian , Vandevelde Wim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe KRAKEN project aims to enable the sharing, brokerage, and trading of personal data including sensitive data (e.g., educational and health records and wellbeing data from wearable devices) by returning its control to both data subjects/data providers throughout the entire data lifecycle. The project is providing a data marketplace which will allow the sharing of personal data and its usage for research and business purposes, by using privacy-preserving cryptographic tools. KRAKEN is developing an advanced platform to share certified information between users and organizations by leveraging on distributed ledger technology, promoting the vision of self-sovereign identity solutions (ensuring users’ consent and data control in a privacy-friendly way), preserving security, privacy, and the protection of personal data in compliance with EU regulations (e.g., GDPR). The feasibility of the KRAKEN solution will be tested through two high-impact pilots in the education and healthcare fields.
Trends of recanalization therapies and state of art for ischemic stroke treatment in Campania region, Italy
Authors: Spina Emanuele , Candelaresi Paolo , Volpe Giampiero , D’Onofrio Florindo , Spitaleri Daniele , Martusciello Gioacchino , Piccirillo Giovanni , Briganti Francesco , Muto Mario , Feleppa Michele , Sparaco Marco , Manto Andrea , Cuomo Teresa , Ascione Salvatore , Ripa Patrizia , Romano Daniele Giuseppe , Andreone Vincenzo , Manganelli Fiore , Napoletano Rosa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background

According to the last Italian report by the Ministry of Health in 2018, the estimated number of acute ischemic strokes (AIS) in Campania is 10,000/year, with an expected number of 1390 intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and 694 mechanical thrombectomies (MT). In 2017, only 1.5% of expected patients received IVT and 0.2% MT. This study analyzed the trend of IVT and MT in 2019–2020 and depicted the state of art of Stroke Care in Campania.

Methods
From the regional health task force, we obtained the hospital discharge forms from all private and public hospitals in Campania; we selected patients with a principal diagnosis of AIS and measured the rate of patients admitted to neurology units and the rate of IVT, MT, and IVT + MT for both 2019 and 2020.

Results
In 2019, we observed 4817 admissions for AIS; 2858/4817 (59.3%) patients were admitted to neurology units. Out of 4817 patients, 192 received IVT, 165 MT, and 131 IVT + MT (488 treated patients; 10.1%). In 2020, we observed 4129 admissions for AIS; 2502/4129 (62.7%) patients were admitted to neurology units. Out of 4129 patients, 198 received IVT, 250 MT, and 180 IVT + MT (628 treated patients; 15.2%). These results showed that despite a reduction of AIS admissions in 2020, the relative and absolute rate of recanalization treatments increased. However, the number of patients who were not admitted to neurology units nor received acute treatments remained dramatically high.

Conclusion
Despite the development of acute treatments, the Campania Stroke Network still needs significative efforts to improve.
Estimating the willingness-to-pay to avoid the consequences of foodborne illnesses: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Manipis Kathleen , Mulhern Brendan , Haywood Philip , Viney Rosalie , Goodall Stephen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLost productivity is one of the largest costs associated with foodborne illness (FBI); however, the methods used to estimate lost productivity are often criticised for overestimating the actual burden of illness. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was undertaken to elicit preferences to avoid six possible FBIs and estimate whether ability to work, availability of paid sick leave and health-related quality of life affect willingness-to-pay (WTP) to avoid FBI. Respondents (N = 1918) each completed 20 DCE tasks covering two different FBIs [gastrointestinal illness, flu-like illness, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), reactive arthritis (ReA), or haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)]. Attributes included: ability to work, availability of sick leave, treatment costs and illness duration. Choices were modelled using mixed logit regression and WTP was estimated. The WTP to avoid a severe illness was higher than a mild illness. For chronic conditions, the marginal WTP to avoid a chronic illness for one year, ranged from $531 for mild ReA ($1412 for severe ReA) to $1025 for mild HUS ($2195 for severe HUS). There was a substantial increase in the marginal WTP to avoid all the chronic conditions when the ability to work was reduced and paid sick leave was not available, ranging from $6289 for mild IBS to $11,352 for severe ReA. Including factors that reflect productivity and compensation to workers influenced the WTP to avoid a range of FBIs for both acute and chronic conditions. These results have implications for estimating the burden and cost of FBI.