bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Health and Capacity to Cope With Stress in Recent Ex-smokers: Impact of Vaping Versus Quitting All Nicotine
Authors: Le Grande Michael , Balmford James , Borland Ron , McNeill Ann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about the continued use of nicotine following smoking cessation on perceived well-being in comparison to complete cessation of nicotine use.

Aims and Methods
To explore aspects of perceived well-being and coping among recent ex-smokers as a function of vaping status. Ever-daily smokers in the International Tobacco Control 4 country smoking and vaping surveys in 2016 (w1 N = 883) and 2018 (w2 N = 1088). Cross-sectional associations and longitudinal samples for those who quit between waves and those who quit at w1 and maintained abstinence to w2. Main outcome measures were: Past 30 days of depression symptoms, perceived stress, stress management since quitting, and change in perceived day-to-day health.

Results
In the cross-sectional analyses vapers were more likely to report both improved stress management (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.23–2.36) and perceived day-to-day health (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.26–2.16) than nicotine abstainers. In the longitudinal analyses, smokers who switched to vaping between waves (n = 372) were more likely to report depression symptoms at w2 (aOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.09–3.65) but reported improved perceived health (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.16–3.20). For the past daily smokers who remained quit between waves (n = 382), vapers were more likely to report improved stress management relative to abstainers (RRR = 5.05. 95% CI 1.19–21.40). There were no other significant differences between vapers and nicotine abstainers.

Conclusions
There is little evidence to support the view that perceptions of well-being deteriorate in vapers compared to complete nicotine abstainers in the immediate years after smoking cessation.

Implications
This study could find no conclusive evidence that the continued use of nicotine via e-cigarettes was detrimental to health compared to completely stopping nicotine intake altogether. Our results would suggest that continuing to use nicotine may even result in some benefits in the short term such as improved stress management, however further longitudinal studies are required to examine if these effects are restricted to the early post-quitting phase and whether other positive or negative effects on psychosocial health emerge in the future.
Delayed Tetracycline Initiation Increases Mortality Risk in Patients With Japanese Spotted Fever: Retrospective Analysis Using a National Inpatient Database
Authors: Kutsuna Satoshi , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the relationship between time to tetracycline therapy initiation and disease outcome in patients hospitalized with Japanese spotted fever (JSF).MethodsPatients with JSF enrolled in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database from July 2010 to March 2021 were included in the analysis. Patients who received tetracycline on the day of admission were compared with those who received tetracycline later during their hospital stay using inverse probability of treatment weighting. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were total hospitalization cost and length of hospital stay.ResultsA total of 1360 patients were included, of whom 1060 (78%) received tetracycline on the day of admission (early tetracycline group), and 300 (22%) received tetracycline later (delayed tetracycline group). Patients in the delayed tetracycline group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than those in the early tetracycline group (3.9% vs 1.4%; odds ratio, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.34–6.47), significantly higher hospitalization costs, and longer hospital stays than those in the early tetracycline group.ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with JSF is worse if tetracycline administration is delayed; therefore, physicians should initiate tetracycline on admission if JSF is suspected as a possible diagnosis.
Genomic Investigation to Identify Sources of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare Personnel in an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Sansom Sarah E , Barbian Hannah , Hayden Mary K , Fukuda Christine , Moore Nicholas M , Thotapalli Lahari , Baied Elias J , Kim Do Young , Snitkin Evan , Lin Michael Y ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying the source of healthcare personnel (HCP) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is important to guide occupational safety efforts. We used a combined whole genome sequencing (WGS) and epidemiologic approach to investigate the source of HCP COVID-19 at a tertiary-care center early in the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRemnant nasopharyngeal swab samples from HCP and patients with polymerase chain reaction–proven COVID-19 from a period with complete sample retention (14 March 2020 to 10 April 2020) at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois, underwent viral RNA extraction and WGS. Genomes with &gt;90% coverage underwent cluster detection using a 2 single-nucleotide variant genetic distance cutoff. Genomic clusters were evaluated for epidemiologic linkages, with strong linkages defined by evidence of time/location overlap.ResultsWe analyzed 1031 sequences, identifying 49 clusters that included ≥1 HCP (265 patients, 115 HCP). Most HCP infections were not healthcare associated (88/115 [76.5%]). We did not identify any strong epidemiologic linkages for patient-to-HCP transmission. Thirteen HCP cases (11.3%) were attributed to a potential patient source (weak evidence involving nonclinical staff that lacked location data to prove or disprove contact with patients in same cluster). Fourteen HCP cases (12.2%) were attributed to HCP source (11 with strong evidence).ConclusionsUsing genomic and epidemiologic data, we found that most HCP severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were not healthcare associated. We did not find strong evidence of patient-to-HCP transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Immune Senescence Markers Predict the Cellular Immune Response to BNT162b2 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Van Praet Jens T , De Groote Marie , De Bacquer Dirk , Verhalleman Ellen , Welvaert Ziggy , Emmerechts Jan , Reynders Marijke , De Vriese An S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased risk of frailty and accelerated immune senescence, potentially affecting the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination.

Methods
Humoral and cellular responses against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were determined in 189 COVID-naive hemodialysis patients at week 4 and 8 after vaccination with 2 doses of BNT162b2. Frailty indicators and immune senescence markers were determined at baseline to identify predictors of the immune response.

Results
Controlling for age, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, walking pace, and the clinical frailty score correlated negatively and hand grip strength positively with the humoral response. Controlling for age, the proportions of memory CD4+ T cells, memory CD8+ T cells, CD28null T cells, and CD57+CD8+ T cells correlated negatively with the humoral response, whereas the proportions of memory CD4+ T cells and CD28null T cells correlated negatively and the CD4/CD8 ratio positively with the cellular response. In a multivariate model, only the proportions of memory CD4+ T cells and CD28null T cells independently predicted the cellular response.

Conclusions
Markers of immune senescence, but not frailty indicators, independently predict the cellular immune response after vaccination in hemodialysis patients, overruling the effect of chronological age.
Management of hard tissue abnormalities and digital orthopaedics using additive manufacturing techniques
Authors: Das Manojit , Alam Rukhsar , Das Monalisa , Biswal Basudev , Samal Barada Prasanna , Patnaik Ashis , Panda Sushanta Kumar , Owuor Peter Samora , Patra Prabir , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing technologies are expected to disrupt the majority of the traditional way of manufacturing methods, particularly in the field of medical and healthcare. Bones and teeth are vital organs that are susceptible to various disorders due to environmental, traumatic, genetic factors and inherent malignant disorders. Most of the implants/prostheses normally used are cast and have a standard size and shape. Additive manufacturing has opened opportunities to replace these hard tissues with customized implants, prostheses or the whole additive manufactured organ itself while considering anatomical/structural parts and functional aspects of the body. It helps to visualize and mimic internal organs/models, pre-planning via simulation, anatomical demonstration, treatments and surgical teaching/training to technical staff by medical professionals. The current review covers additive manufacturing applications for the possible treatment of osteosarcoma, bone tumors, traumatic fracture, congenital anomalies, dental diseases, vertebral and cranial abnormalities, etc. from toe to head highlighting printing of long bones, short bones, cartilages, teeth and more based on the general classification of bones shape, that is, the external shape and size of different bones with some case studies. The article has also touched upon the additive manufacturing competitive edge over the conventional methods in terms of complexity, easiness, cost-effectiveness and reduced time. However, the internal structures have not been addressed so far in additive manufacturing which could be a new corner to enhance the properties of bones and teeth in the future.
Introduction
Authors: DeGloma Thomas , Brekhus Wayne H. , Force William Ryan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter discusses the complex history of symbolic interactionism (SI) along with the theoretical and methodological foundations of this multifaceted and broadly relevant perspective in the field of sociology. Rather than seeing SI as a well-defined program, the volume’s editors view contemporary SI as a rich and varied field of scholarship, and those who use SI as scholars who draw inspiration from multiple influences, blending them into new lenses with which to study the emergence or creative performance of meaning in a diverse variety of contexts and situations. In line with this vision, this handbook takes a flexible and expansive view of SI, rather than a rigid and orthodox position, both historically and in terms of our assessment of the field today. To this end, the introduction discusses four important developments that are reshaping the broad field of contemporary symbolic interactionist scholarship: the blending of SI with cultural sociology to form new visions of cultural interactionism, a renewed engagement with classical pragmatism, the growing significance of formal interactionism, and an expanding emphasis on power, inequalities, and intersectionality in contemporary SI research. The scholars who have contributed to this handbook demonstrate these developments in different ways. Finally, the chapter presents a brief overview of this handbook, which is organized into four parts: (I) theoretical and methodological orientations; (II) culture, context, and symbolic interaction; (III) power and inequalities; and (IV) environment, disasters, and risk. In the process, we stress the timely and unique characteristics of each chapter.
Heraclitus the Mythographer, On Unbelievable Stories
Authors: Hawes Greta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the evidence for the date, authorship, and context of Heraclitus’s Peri Apiston (On Unbelievable Stories; De Incredibilibus). Little can be said with certainty, but we are probably dealing with a 1st- or 2nd-century AD text, the only work by this Heraclitus to survive. The text is a valuable document for hermeneutic practices in Greek culture in the imperial period in that it shows both points of continuity with notable forerunners and distinctive innovations. The chapter discusses the relationship between this text and the earlier one of Palaephatus. It examines the narrative structure of the Peri Apiston text and the evidence this provides for an ancient readership. It describes the various hermeneutic approaches apparent in the text—rationalization, allegory, Euhemerism, and etymology—and observes that they are not explicitly differentiated from one another.
Heraclitus the Allegorist,Homeric Problems
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA certain Heraclitus (otherwise unknown) composed, probably around the year 100 ce, an allegorical interpretation of major scenes in the Iliad and Odyssey, bearing the title (in one manuscript), Homeric Problems: On What Homer Expressed Allegorically concerning the Gods. The ostensible purpose is to rescue Homer from the charge of blasphemy for his crude representation of the gods, for which he had been criticized by some philosophers (Heraclitus singles out Plato and Epicurus). Heraclitus employs etymology (favored by Stoics) and other devices to show that “Ares,” for example, may mean “war” rather than the god himself, and that “Apollo” (in the first book of the Iliad) stands for the sun (which brings on the plague), not the deity. Heraclitus also argues that Homer’s heroes are paradigms of virtue (e.g., Odysseus is a paragon of wisdom and endurance). The work, though rhetorical in nature, is an important complement to Pseudo-Plutarch On the Life and Poetry of Homer, Cornutus’s Compendium of Greek Theology, and other works, and a link in the development of Christian allegoresis.
Greek Mythography and Scholia
Authors: Villagra Nereida 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter gives a description of the mythographical material that can be found in four corpora of scholia—the scholia to Homer, Pindar, Euripides, and Apollonius Rhodius—from a synchronic perspective. A formal classification is proposed, following two criteria: the function of the mythographical scholia in relation to the main poetic text they comment on (scholia can provide additional information to the main text, an explanation, or a comparison) and the structure or mode of the scholia (they can be narratives, Zittatennester, or lists). The chapter first describes the origin of scholiastic corpora and the relationship between mythography and scholia, and then discusses each corpus of scholia separately.
The Mythographical Impulse in Early Greek Poetry
Authors: Nieto Hernández Pura 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter proposes that the distinction between mythology and mythography, despite their differences, is less sharp than is often assumed. It is common to establish a strong divide between an “original,” “creative,” mythmaking era that coincides with oral poetic compositions and a later, merely imitative, explanatory, and unoriginal period marked by written prose texts. But if mythography seems concise and dry, lacking the rich nuances of poetic expression, this owes to differences of genre or modes of composition rather than to date or nearness to a supposed primary, inspired period of Greek mythmaking. It is therefore possible to see how some characteristic features of mythography (such as the systematization, ordering, expurgation, and interpretation of stories) are also employed in the Iliad and the Odyssey, and by Hesiod and other archaic poets. For example, catalogues and genealogies are frequently used in archaic poetry and by the mythographers as a means of ordering and systematizing scattered stories. Common to both, too, is an acknowledgment of different versions of a story and the rectification of elements considered erroneous or impious. Finally, the interpretative aspect of mythography can also be found in the archaic poets, who often employ etymological explanations of words or names and other types of glosses, and even full-blown allegory. All these categories overlap, as the examples provided attest. Whether early poets were or not aware of these features as constituting distinct mythographical modes, the typology proposed here should suffice to show that mythography is coeval with what we understand by mythology.
Parthenius, Erotika Pathemata
Authors: Francese Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Erotika Pathemata (“Disastrous Love Stories”) is a prose collection dating to the 40s or 30s bce. The author, Parthenius of Nicaea, was a Greek poet from Asia Minor, taken captive in Roman wars but freed because of his learning. He collaborated with Roman authors, including Vergil, and dedicated this work to the poet Cornelius Gallus. The stories, rewritten from various local Greek chroniclers and Peripatetic philosophers, run the gamut from mythological to semi-historical to historical time. There are little-known variations on familiar types and amusing sidelights on well-known mythological figures. The passions are typically illicit, the endings almost always disastrous. Parthenius edits out divine intervention and obviously fantastic elements, and gravitates to the grotesque, violent, and extreme violations of human custom, such as parricide, incest, and cannibalism. There is pathos, yet Parthenius treats these events in a distanced way, not without dry humor and paradox. Parthenius’s taste for mythographical novelty and historical subject matter, and his sympathetic treatment of illicit passion, have some parallels in contemporary Roman literature, for example Propertius’s Tarpeia elegy (4.4). But overall, Parthenius’s peculiar, antiheroic approach to erotic mythology represents a road not taken in extant Latin literature and differs markedly from the Greek novels that emerged later.
Rationalizing and Historicizing
Authors: Hawes Greta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses rationalization, a historicist approach to myth. It offers a chronological survey of the most important ancient and post-antique rationalizers writing in Greek and Latin and analyzes their different methods and approaches. It then uses a case study of rationalistic interpretations of the Minotaur to examine the dynamics of the tradition. The chapter shows that rationalization is flexible in its applications. It can both produce historiographically appropriate forms of myths and remove biologically impossible elements of them. It is a tradition concerned, above all, with manipulating the material of myth in new and innovative ways, so that rationalizations produce novel versions of traditional stories.
Allegorizing and Philosophizing
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria L.E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
After presenting the meaning and scope of allegory and philosophical allegoresis, and their relation to mythology in antiquity and late antiquity, this chapter points out how central the defense of myths from charges of impiety was to philosophical allegoresis. The main exponents of the allegoresis of myths from Theagenes onward are presented, The chapter argues that in Stoicism the allegoresis of myths was not only a rhetorical device or an etymologizing exercise but part and parcel of philosophy. It provided the link between physics and theology, which was essential to the Stoic immanentistic system in which everything is matter, including the divinity and souls. After presenting an analysis of mythological allegoresis from early to imperial Stoicism, the chapter argues against a merely apologetical role for Stoic allegoresis, i.e. its use as a defense and legitimization of Stoic philosophy. The Stoics integrated the allegoresis of myths into their philosophical system because they valued traditional expressions such as myth and rituals and their absorption into a broad philosophical system based on the Logos. Allegoresis was later part and parcel of philosophy in Middle and Neoplatonism, when a debate arose between “pagan” and Christian Platonists about which myths and traditions to consider susceptible of allegoresis. This meant to determine what mythological traditions contained philosophical truths expressed symbolically, which philosophy had to decode.
Mythography and Politics
Authors: Patterson Lee E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the role mythography played in the process of political mythopoesis (mythmaking)—that is, the use of myth to further such political goals as asserting hegemonic status, ennobling a community’s origins, and establishing kinship ties through heroic ancestors. Historians, geographers, and other chroniclers of this mythopoesis took various stances in terms of credulity. Some were invested in the myth and its political applications; most took a more neutral stand about the political claims while perpetuating a canon because of its prevalence in collective memory; and some rejected a particular version, and thus its attendant political usage, as they applied correctives to the narrative based on individual perceptions of canon, authenticity, and plausibility.
Mythography and Greek Vase Painting
Authors: Topper Kathryn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines points of overlap between mythography and Greek vase painting. Although vase painters had different goals from mythographers, they used similar organizational and rhetorical strategies to present and reflect on myth. The chapter shows that the strategies of narrative, catalogue, and pendant can be detected in both vase painting and mythography. The François vase is discussed as an example of visual narrative and catalogue; the “Heroines pyxis” in London is treated as a second instance of catalogue; and Makron’s skyphos depicting the abduction and recovery of Helen is offered as an instance of pendant images. While vase paintings were not strictly mythographic in themselves, the examples considered in this chapter suggest that painters expected viewers to be adept at the same sorts of narration and comparison that made mythographic thought possible. The chapter ends by discussing some limitations of the approach that compares vase painting and mythography.
Mythography and Roman Wall Painting
Authors: Leach Eleanor Winsor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the first sustained study how Roman wall painting intersects with mythography, this essay explores how both the depiction of myth on walls and the interpretative recreation of mythical narratives by viewers reflect a mythographical mindset. In a careful selection of case studies, the author considers: episodic narratives (Odyssey frieze from the Esquiline); variations on a theme (Actaeon in Casa del Frutteto and Casa di Epidius Rufus); synoptic mythography (Dirce cycle in Casa di Giulio Polibio); and ensemble collections with thematic connections (Casa di Giasone, Casa dei Dioscuri). All of these place active demands on the viewer in seeking connections to literary works as well as the “myth” itself. By contrast, the work of Philostratus, with its fictive educational setting, offers a glimpse how a rhetor might employ such interpretative strategies in the service of paideia.