bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the proportion of severe/moderately severe vs mild cases of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with HIV
Authors: Nacher Mathieu , Adenis Antoine , Blaizot Romain , Abboud Philippe , Le Turnier Paul , Françoise Ugo , Lucarelli Aude , Demar Magalie , Djossou Félix , Epelboin Loïc , Couppié Pierre 
Published: November 2022

Background
Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis remains a major but neglected cause of death among patients with advanced HIV. Recently, aiming to reduce avoidable deaths, the Pan American Health Organization issued the first diagnosis and treatment guidelines for HIV-associated histoplasmosis. But what proportion of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients is severe is currently not known. Because this proportion influences treatment needs, we aimed to estimate this in a cohort of 416 patients in French Guiana.

Methods
We used the definition in the recent PAHO/WHO guidelines for severity. We used regression modelling to predict the impact of CD4 count on the proportion of severe cases. In a territory where treatment cost is not a limiting factor and where histoplasmosis is well known, we assumed that clinicians’ initial treatment reflected their perception about the severity of the case and therefore, the needs for different treatments.

Results
Using these definitions, since the beginning, there were 274 (65.9%) severe/moderately severe cases and 142 (34.1%) mild cases. In practice 186 cases were treated with deoxycholate or liposomal amphotericin B (44.7%) and 230 (55.3%) cases treated with itraconazole as first line treatment. The Kappa concordance measure between the guideline definition and the actual treatment given was 0.22. There was a 9% risk difference for death within 30 days of antifungal treatment initiation between severe/moderately severe and mild cases. Over threequarters (77%) of early deaths were attributed to severe/moderately severe cases.

Conclusions
This is the only rigorous estimate of the proportion of severe/moderately severe cases of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in symptomatic HIV patients on the largest published cohort. These numbers may help defend budget needs for rapid diagnostic tests and liposomal amphotericin B.
Haematological predictors of poor outcome among COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa
Authors: Chapanduka Zivanai C. , Abdullah Ibtisam , Allwood Brian , Koegelenberg Coenraad F. , Irusen Elvis , Lalla Usha , Zemlin Annalise E. , Masha Tandi E. , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Jalavu Thumeka P. , Ngah Veranyuy D. , Yalew Anteneh , Sigwadhi Lovemore N. , Baines Nicola , Tamuzi Jacques L. , McAllister Marli , Barasa Anne K. , Magutu Valerie K. , Njeru Caroline , Amayo Angela , Wanjiru Mureithi Marianne W. , Mungania Mary , Sono-Setati Musa , Zumla Alimuddin , Nyasulu Peter S. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Studies from Asia, Europe and the USA indicate that widely available haematological parameters could be used to determine the clinical severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and predict management outcome. There is limited data from Africa on their usefulness in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs). We performed an evaluation of baseline haematological parameters as prognostic biomarkers in ICU COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively on patients with confirmed COVID-19, admitted to the adult ICU in a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, between March 2020 and February 2021. Robust Poisson regression methods and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to explore the association of haematological parameters with COVID-19 severity and mortality.

Results
A total of 490 patients (median age 54.1 years) were included, of whom 237 (48%) were female. The median duration of ICU stay was 6 days and 309/490 (63%) patients died. Raised neutrophil count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were associated with worse outcome. Independent risk factors associated with mortality were age (ARR 1.01, 95%CI 1.0–1.02; p = 0.002); female sex (ARR 1.23, 95%CI 1.05–1.42; p = 0.008) and D-dimer levels (ARR 1.01, 95%CI 1.002–1.03; p = 0.016).

Conclusions
Our study showed that raised neutrophil count, NLR and D-dimer at the time of ICU admission were associated with higher mortality. Contrary to what has previously been reported, our study revealed females admitted to the ICU had a higher risk of mortality.
Efficacy and safety of tibial cortex transverse transport for diabetic foot: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Jiaxing , Bao Huhe , Lideer  , Ni Xiyu , Zhao Yaxin , Sun Guanwen 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes. In recent years, the use of the tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) technique has enabled great progress in microcirculation reconstruction and achievement of good outcomes in DF treatment. The objective of this systematic review protocol is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TTT for DF.

Methods
Literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China Science Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (CBM) from inception until March, 1st 2022. In addition, our reviewers will retrieve dissertations, grey literature, systematic reviews, and reference lists of the relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the TTT for DF with conventional treatment will be included. Our reviewers will perform subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis to evaluate the heterogeneity and robustness. RevMan 5.3 software and Stata V.16.0 software will be used to analyze the available data.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was not required because this protocol neither collected private information, nor involved animal experiments. The research was disseminated by academic journals or related meetings.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021279717.
The application of resilience assessment grid in healthcare: A scoping review
Authors: Safi Mariam , Thude Bettina Ravnborg , Brandt Frans , Clay-Williams Robyn 
Published: November 2022

Background
The Resilience Assessment Grid (RAG) has attracted increasing interest in recent healthcare discourse as an instrument to understand and measure the resilience performance of socio-technical systems. Despite its growing popularity in healthcare, its applicability and utility remain unclear. This scoping review aims to understand the practical application of RAG method and its outcomes in healthcare.

Method
We followed the Arksey and O’Malley, and the Levac and colleagues’ framework for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. We conducted searches of three electronic databases [Medline, Embase and Web of Science] in May 2021. Supplementary searches included Google Scholar, web and citation searches, and hand searches of the nine seminal edited books on Resilience Engineering and Resilient Health Care. All English language, empirical studies of RAG application in the healthcare setting were included. Open Science Framework [Registration-DOI. 10.17605/OSF.IO/GTCZ3].

Results
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Diversities were found across study designs and methodologies. Qualitative designs and literature reviews were most frequently used to develop the RAG and applied it in practice. Eight of the studies had qualitative designs, three studies had mixed-methods designs and one study had a quantitative design. All studies reported that the RAG was very helpful for understanding how frontline healthcare professionals manage the complexity of everyday work. While the studies gained insights from applying the RAG to analyze organizational resilience and identify areas for improvement, it was unclear how suggestions were implemented and how they contributed to quality improvement.

Conclusion
The RAG is a promising tool to manage some of the current and future challenges of the healthcare system. To realise the potential benefits of the RAG, it is important that we move beyond the development phase of the RAG tool and use it to guide implementation and management of quality initiatives.
Self-Determination, Multinational Federalism and an Emerging Threat in Ethiopia: A Decolonial Approach
Authors: Regassa Asebe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the coming to power of Abiy Ahmed in April 2018 following a popular movement that was initially sparked in Oromia and then spread to other regions, there was a short period of euphoria over the country's political landscape. Ethiopians and the international community alike were optimistic of democratic transition that would lead to the opening up of political and media spaces, fair and free elections, consolidation of the multinational federal system, the strengthening of autonomy of regional states, peace and stability, equitable resource distribution and equal socioeconomic opportunities for citizens. But, to the dismay of many observers, Abiy and his entourages shifted the narrative to the restoration of imperial system rather than strengthening the already existing multinational federal system. The return to imperial imaginations is both discursively and practically evident in Ethiopia's political discourses, in particular since 2018. Polarized political views between supporters and critics of multinational federalism have not only created a tense political environment but also partly contributed to the war in Tigray and Oromia. The country's three-decade long experiment with the federal system now faces a serious challenge of reversal. As the thesis and antithesis of multinational federalism have become salient forces shaping the country's political order, this article seeks to contribute to the existing debate, in particular contextualizing the discussion within decolonial literature. I argue that the current controversy over the nature of state structure is part of the struggle between forces promoting the right to self-determination and those favoring a unitary system.
State-Building and Development in Ethiopia: From “Developmental State” to “Prosperity” Model
Authors: Wayessa Gutu Olana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
State-building and development are mutually reinforcing phenomena. The sustainability of development depends on the stability of state's political-structural foundation and the prospect of peace, which is influenced by the origin and evolution of the state. Every regime in Ethiopia has portrayed its advent as a new dawn for the country's development. In recent history, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) introduced a “developmental state” model and registered notable economic growth on aggregate but failed on accounts of equitable distribution. The EPRDF regime used the “developmental state” model to enhance the centralization of state power and circumvent regional autonomy. In 2018, the Prosperity Party (PP) introduced a “prosperity” model. From the EPRDF to the PP, there are signals of a radical shift of approach in state-building and development. This article analyzes the premises and promises of the multinational federation and “developmental state” model under the EPRDF regime, and the unitarist orientation and “prosperity” paradigm under the PP. I argue that the radical shift of direction from the multinational federalism towards a unitary state is unrealistic and fundamentally shatters the prospect of development.
National Integration through Political Marginalization: Contradictions of Nation-Building in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebissa Ezekiel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In Ethiopia, the nationalities question has been the most contentious political force shaping politics, engendering conflicts and obstructing national integration. In this article, I provide a historical analysis of the emergence in the 1960s of two dominant positions, “ethionationalism” and ethnonationalism, which coalesced into competing political visions of the character of the Ethiopian state. I posit that advocates of the two positions wrested power and tried to shape the state, writing constitutions and introducing political systems for governing Ethiopia. I discuss the transformation of these political positions and realignments as those in power maneuvered to deny Oromo nationalists access to political power, rejecting the idea of self-determination as a solution to the nationalities question. I conclude that the competing nationalisms have failed, and that the only way to create a stable Ethiopian state remains the position that Oromo nationalism has enunciated for half a century.
No sólo se aprendió Análisis Matemático
Authors: Mas María Magdalena , Cámara Viviana 
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo completo de una experiencia educativa realizada en la cátedra de Análisis Matemático de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, en el segundo cuatrimestre del 2019. La misma tuvo por objetivo superar, por un lado, las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes en cuanto a determinados logros en el estudio de los contenidos disciplinares. Y por otro lado con la misma importancia, lograr que sean independientes en su aprendizaje. Por ello, su diseño tuvo en cuenta las ideas de Jacques Rancière (2014) en cuanto a la emancipación intelectual, al desarrollo de las competencias según Deulofeu (2009) y al Aprendizaje Cooperativo (Johnson, Johnson y Holubec 1999). El grupo de alumnos en que se aplicó la propuesta estuvo conformado fundamentalmente por recursantes. La experiencia resultó altamente positiva considerando que en términos cuantitativos el porcentaje de aprobados superó ampliamente el promedio de la asignatura y en términos cualitativos los estudiantes valoraron positivamente aspectos como el trabajo en equipo y la superación personal.
On the crossroads: Findings of the Late Neolithic figural plastics in Petrijevci (Eastern Croatia)
Authors: Burić Marcel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During the rescue excavations in the periphery of the village Petrijevci (Eastern Croatia), a set of Neolithic figural plastic findings was discovered. The group of findings consists of six fragments of “Vinča-like” type figurines, discovered in the Sopot cultural area. In the paper, an attempt of cultural and typological determination will be presented, with some references to the question of the Late Neolithic figural plastics in Croatia.
Investigating Flow in Motorcycle Tourism: A Review of Previous Research and Identification of Opportunities
Authors: Frash Jr. Robert E. , Blose Julia E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper explores whether the psychological construct of flow plays an important role in shaping motorcycle tourism behavior and examines the relative success of methodologies previously used to model flow, in general. The systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) method was applied. It is concluded that flow, the mental state, is likely a meaningful intrinsic motivator of motorcycle tourism. Limitations related to previous efforts to model this phenomenon are identified. Suggestions for future research on the role of flow in the motorcycle tourism context are provided with domain-specific methodological strategies outlined.
Neue Vielfalt der Regelgeber und Regelungstechniken im Gesellschafts- und Kapitalmarktrecht unter Einschluss des Bilanzrechts
Authors: Binder Jens-Hinrich 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung

Im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufwuchs von Rechtspflichten und Standards zu ökologischen und sozialen Implikationen unternehmerischen Handels hat sich in jüngerer Zeit das Spektrum der Regelgeber und Regelungstechniken im Gesellschafts-, Kapitalmarkt- und Bilanzrecht erheblich erweitert. Insbesondere kapitalmarktorientierte Aktiengesellschaften werden dabei im deutschen und europäischen Recht zunehmend zur Einhaltung internationaler, von nichtstaatlichen Regelsetzern erarbeiteter Rahmenwerke veranlasst. Auf den ersten Blick knüpft die Entwicklung an das bereits seit den frühen 2000er Jahren im deutschen Unternehmensrecht etablierte Konzept der indirekten Regulierung durch Publizität nichtfinanzieller Informationen an. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die „neue Vielfalt“ der Regelgeber und Regelungstechniken von diesen Vorläuferentwicklungen unterscheidet, und diskutiert mögliche Konsequenzen für Unternehmensverfassung und Organpflichten.
Neue Organisationsformen für die digitale Welt? Decentralized Autonomous Organizations and Beyond
Authors: Zetzsche Dirk 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Anwendung des deutschen Rechts auf neue dezentrale Unternehmensformen, wie sie als „DAO“ oder im Metaverse anzutreffen sind, und erarbeitet Vorschläge de lege ferenda zur Schaffung einer neuen Gesellschaftsform für dezentral organisierte Unternehmen. Die Anwendung des deutschen Gesellschaftsrechts führt zur Qualifikation als GbR oder nicht eingetragener Verein. Dabei qualifizieren nur Gründer-Entwickler sowie die ‚nodes“ als Mitglied bzw. Gesellschafter. Indirekte Partizipation über Wallets genügt nicht. Eine de lege ferenda zu schaffende Rechtsform muss den konkreten Dezentralisierungsgrad der Einflussmöglichkeiten berücksichtigen, wobei eine vollständige Dezentralisierung ein Mythos ist. Eine Rechtsform könnte daher nach Art einer KG gestaltet sein, mit den Gründer-Entwicklern und anderen Personen mit Code-Zugriff als Komplementären und nur-Nodes als Kommanditisten. Zugleich wird gezeigt, dass einer Ordnung dieser innovativen Unternehmensformen über das Gesellschaftsrecht die Alternative einer funktionsbezogenen Ordnung über das Vertrags- und Deliktsrecht gegenübersteht.
Theoretical study on the origins of sildenafil tautomers’ relative stability
Authors: Pajka Dariusz , Lelek-Borkowska Urszula , Zborowski Krzysztof K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTautomers of sildenafil (5-{2-Ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one), a drug commonly used for treating the erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension were studied computationally at the DFT (B3LYP/6-311++G**) level. Four possible structures of sildenafil tautomers structures were considered. The geometries and chemical shifts of carbon and nitrogen nuclei were calculated and compared with available experimental data. The theoretical calculations proved to be consistent with experimental data and indicate the same lowest energy sildenafil structure. The energies of the all considered sildenafil tautomers were determined and ranked according to their energy values. This article presents calculations of several properties (aromaticity, atomic charges, atomic energies, intramolecular hydrogen bonding) and discusses their influence on the relative energies of sildenafil tautomers.
Testis and brown adipose tissue xenografts from yellowish myotis (Myotis levis)
Authors: Farias Talita De Oliveira , Figueiredo André Felipe Almeida , Wnuk Natalia Teixeira , Talamoni Sônia Aparecida , Costa Guilherme Mattos Jardim 
Published: November 2022

Yellowish myotis present a seasonal reproduction, influenced by rainfall distribution, in which the testis mass, germ cell composition, and brown adipose tissue (B.A.T.) mass change along the reproductive stages. In the present study, tissue xenografts were performed in immunodeficient mice to investigate spermatogenesis development in a stable endocrine milieu and the possible androgenic role of B.A.T. In this study, 41 adult male bats were captured in the Santuário do Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The gonads and B.A.T. were collected, weighed, and grafted under the mice's back skin. Mice biometric and hormonal data were evaluated after grafting, and the testis grafts and mice gonads were fixed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. As a result, testis grafts from adult bats presented a continuous germ cell development in all reproductive stages, showing round spermatids in all testis tissues. Furthermore, testis fragments in the Rest stage presented elongating spermatids as the most advanced germ cell type in the seminiferous epithelium after 7 months of grafting. These data indicated that yellowish myotis spermatogenesis could be continued (presenting a constant spermatogonial differentiation) in a stable endocrine milieu, as found in mice. In addition, the best spermatogenic development was achieved when testis fragments were transplanted at their lowest activity (Rest stage). Regarding the B.A.T. grafts, the adipose tissue consumption by mice increased seminal vesicle mass and testosterone serum levels. This data proves that B.A.T. is related to testosterone synthesis, which may be critical in stimulating the differentiation of spermatogonia in yellowish myotis.

Lay summary
Bats are essential seed dispersers, pollinators, and agricultural pest regulators. Despite their ecological importance, bats face different threats due to environmental destruction and usually have few offspring per year. This study aimed to understand better how bats reproduce, but studying them in captivity is complicated and may not replicate what happens in the natural environment. To overcome this obstacle, we transplanted tissues from bats into mice which allowed in-depth research in lab conditions into bat reproduction. We looked at the tissues of adult bats after they had been transplanted into mice, and this allowed us to see which types of tissue played a critical role in reproduction.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ МЕТОДИК ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ У СУЧАСНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: MOSEICHUK YURII , TSYBANUYK OLEKSANDRA 
Published: November 2022

У статті проаналізовані необхідність і вагомість використання інноваційних методик фізичного виховання дітей у сучасних закладах дошкільної освіти на прикладі їзди на самокаті та флорболу. Автори доводять, що впровадження у практику роботи різноманітних інноваційних здоров’язбережувальних технологій (фітбол аеробіка, степ аеробіка тощо; пальчикову, дихальну гімнастику, гімнастику для очей, елементи хатха-йоги тощо) – один з пріоритетних напрямів роботи дошкільного навчального закладу. Важливо, що у статті визначений вік, з якого рекомендовано займатись цією вправою, обґрунтований алгоритм вивчення безпосередньо їзди на самокаті у фізичному вихованні дошкільника. Надані рекомендації щодо поетапного опанування знаннями, уміння та навичками вільного прокачування, гальмування, виконання поворотів і зупинок тощо.
Kreditkauf and Lieferungskauf as economical phenomena in the practice of the agoranomoi. Reconsideration of the contract under BGU I 174 and 189
Authors: Nemes Szilvia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the Egyptian–Greek legal practice the “fictitious loan agreements” are known as specific constructions of deferred purchase contracts of the ancient legal practice. While Roman law is well known from its consensual contracts, such as the sales contract (emptio venditio), furthermore it acknowledged constructions of sales contracts with deferred payment as valid sale, Greek law always adhered to the prompt sale and besides this, only additional solutions were applied. One of these solutions was the so-called “fictitious loan agreements” (συγγραφὴ δανείου), where – as Fritz Pringsheim emphasized – if the seller provided the purchase price and “disguised” the sale as a loan, he had no claim on the basis of the sale, but could only sue on the basis of the loan. There remained several documents of this kind, however, in light of recent papyrological research, new evidence suggests a revision on how we are regarding these documents.