bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental observation of open structures in elemental magnesium at terapascal pressures
Authors: Gorman M. G. , Elatresh S. , Lazicki A. , Cormier M. M. E. , Bonev S. A. , McGonegle D. , Briggs R. , Coleman A. L. , Rothman S. D. , Peacock L. , Bernier J. V. , Coppari F. , Braun D. G. , Rygg J. R. , Fratanduono D. E. , Hoffmann R. , Collins G. W. , Wark J. S. , Smith R. F. , Eggert J. H. , McMahon M. I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInvestigating how solid matter behaves at enormous pressures, such as those found in the deep interiors of giant planets, is a great experimental challenge. Over the past decade, computational predictions have revealed that compression to terapascal pressures may bring about counter-intuitive changes in the structure and bonding of solids as quantum mechanical forces grow in influence1–6. Although this behaviour has been observed at modest pressures in the highly compressible light alkali metals7,8, it has not been established whether it is commonplace among high-pressure solids more broadly. We used shaped laser pulses at the National Ignition Facility to compress elemental Mg up to 1.3 TPa, which is approximately four times the pressure at the Earth’s core. By directly probing the crystal structure using nanosecond-duration X-ray diffraction, we found that Mg changes its crystal structure several times with non-close-packed phases emerging at the highest pressures. Our results demonstrate that phase transformations of extremely condensed matter, previously only accessible through theoretical calculations, can now be experimentally explored.
The inner nuclear membrane protein Lem2 coordinates RNA degradation at the nuclear periphery
Authors: Martín Caballero Lucía , Capella Matías , Barrales Ramón Ramos , Dobrev Nikolay , van Emden Thomas , Hirano Yasuhiro , Suma Sreechakram Vishnu N. , Fischer-Burkart Sabine , Kinugasa Yasuha , Nevers Alicia , Rougemaille Mathieu , Sinning Irmgard , Fischer Tamás , Hiraoka Yasushi , Braun Sigurd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTranscriptionally silent chromatin often localizes to the nuclear periphery. However, whether the nuclear envelope (NE) is a site for post-transcriptional gene repression is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that Schizosaccharomycespombe Lem2, an NE protein, regulates nuclear-exosome-mediated RNA degradation. Lem2 deletion causes accumulation of RNA precursors and meiotic transcripts and de-localization of an engineered exosome substrate from the nuclear periphery. Lem2 does not directly bind RNA but instead interacts with the exosome-targeting MTREC complex and its human homolog PAXT to promote RNA recruitment. This pathway acts largely independently of nuclear bodies where exosome factors assemble. Nutrient availability modulates Lem2 regulation of meiotic transcripts, implying that this pathway is environmentally responsive. Our work reveals that multiple spatially distinct degradation pathways exist. Among these, Lem2 coordinates RNA surveillance of meiotic transcripts and non-coding RNAs by recruiting exosome co-factors to the nuclear periphery.
TWIST1 induces proteasomal degradation of β-catenin during the differentiation of ovarian cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Shu Guang , Wu Anqi , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhou Zhengwei , Alvero Ayesha B. , Mor Gil , Yin Gang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading gynecologic cancers worldwide. Cancer stem-like cells are correlated with relapse and resistance to chemotherapy. Twist1, which is involved in ovarian cancer stem-like cell differentiation, is positively correlated with CTNNB1 in different differentiation stages of ovarian cancer cells: primary epithelial ovarian cancer cells (primary EOC cells), mesenchymal spheroid-forming cells (MSFCs) and secondary epithelial ovarian cancer cells (sEOC cells). However, the expression of β-catenin is inversed compared to CTNNB1 in these 3 cell states. We further demonstrated that β-catenin is regulated by the protein degradation system in MSFCs and secondary EOC but not in primary EOC cells. The differentiation process from primary EOC cells to MSFCs and sEOC cells might be due to the downregulation of β-catenin protein levels. Finally, we found that TWIST1 can enhance β-catenin degradation by upregulating Axin2.
Hereditary analysis and genotype × environment interaction effects on growth and yield components of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) over multi-environments
Authors: Khan Md Mahmudul Hasan , Rafii Mohd Y. , Ramlee Shairul Izan , Jusoh Mashitah , Al Mamun Md 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis investigation was carried out to explore G × E interaction for yield and its associated attributes in 30 Bambara groundnut genotypes across four environments in tropical Malaysia. Such evaluations are essential when the breeding program's objective is to choose genotypes with broad adaption and yield potential. Studies of trait relationships, variance components, mean performance, and genetic linkage are needed by breeders when designing, evaluating, and developing selection criteria for improving desired characteristics in breeding programs. The evaluation of breeding lines of Bambara groundnut for high yield across a wide range of environments is important for long-term production and food security. Each site's experiment employed a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data on vegetative and yield component attributes were recorded. The analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences among the 30 genotypes for all variables evaluated. A highly significant and positive correlation was identified between yield per hectare and dry seed weight (0.940), hundred seed weight (0.844), fresh pod weight (0.832), and total pod weight (0.750); the estimated correlation between dry weight of pods and seed yield was 1.0. The environment was more important than genotype and G × E in determining yield and yield components.A total of 49% variation is covered by PC1 (33.9%) and PC2 (15.1%) and the genotypes formed five distinct clusters based on Ward hierarchical clustering (WHC) method. The genotypes S5G1, S5G3, S5G5, S5G6, S5G8, S5G7, S5G2, S5G4, S5G10, S5G13, S5G11, and S5G14 of clusters I, II, and III were closest to the ideal genotype with superior yield across the environments. The PCA variable loadings revealed that an index based on dry pod weight, hundred seed weight, number of total pods and fresh pod weight could be used as a selection criteria to improve seed yield of Bambara groundnut.
Ransomware detection using deep learning based unsupervised feature extraction and a cost sensitive Pareto Ensemble classifier
Authors: Zahoora Umme , Khan Asifullah , Rajarajan Muttukrishnan , Khan Saddam Hussain , Asam Muhammad , Jamal Tauseef 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRansomware attacks pose a serious threat to Internet resources due to their far-reaching effects. It’s Zero-day variants are even more hazardous, as less is known about them. In this regard, when used for ransomware attack detection, conventional machine learning approaches may become data-dependent, insensitive to error cost, and thus may not tackle zero-day ransomware attacks. Zero-day ransomware have normally unseen underlying data distribution. This paper presents a Cost-Sensitive Pareto Ensemble strategy, CSPE-R to detect novel Ransomware attacks. Initially, the proposed framework exploits the unsupervised deep Contractive Auto Encoder (CAE) to transform the underlying varying feature space to a more uniform and core semantic feature space. To learn the robust features, the proposed CSPE-R ensemble technique explores different semantic spaces at various levels of detail. Heterogeneous base estimators are then trained over these extracted subspaces to find the core relevance between the various families of the ransomware attacks. Then, a novel Pareto Ensemble-based estimator selection strategy is implemented to achieve a cost-sensitive compromise between false positives and false negatives. Finally, the decision of selected estimators are aggregated to improve the detection against unknown ransomware attacks. The experimental results show that the proposed CSPE-R framework performs well against zero-day ransomware attacks.
FASN inhibition targets multiple drivers of NASH by reducing steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in preclinical models
Authors: O’Farrell Marie , Duke Greg , Crowley Richard , Buckley Douglas , Martins Eduardo B. , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Friedman Scott L. , Kemble George 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFatty acid synthase (FASN) is an attractive therapeutic target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) because it drives de novo lipogenesis and mediates pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling. We therefore tested pharmacological inhibition of FASN in human cell culture and in three diet induced mouse models of NASH. Three related FASN inhibitors were used; TVB-3664, TVB-3166 and clinical stage TVB-2640 (denifanstat). In human primary liver microtissues, FASN inhibiton (FASNi) decreased triglyceride (TG) content, consistent with direct anti-steatotic activity. In human hepatic stellate cells, FASNi reduced markers of fibrosis including collagen1α (COL1α1) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). In CD4+ T cells exposed to NASH-related cytokines, FASNi decreased production of Th17 cells, and reduced IL-1β release in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. In mice with diet induced NASH l, FASNi prevented development of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and reduced circulating IL-1β. In mice with established diet-induced NASH, FASNi reduced NAFLD activity score, fibrosis score, ALT and TG levels. In the CCl4-induced FAT-NASH mouse model, FASN inhibition decreased hepatic fibrosis and fibrosis markers, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors by 85%. These results demonstrate that FASN inhibition attenuates inflammatory and fibrotic drivers of NASH by direct inhibition of immune and stellate cells, beyond decreasing fat accumulation in hepatocytes. FASN inhibition therefore provides an opportunity to target three key hallmarks of NASH.
Health-related quality of life is substantially worse in individuals with plantar heel pain
Authors: Landorf Karl B. , Kaminski Michelle R. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Zammit Gerard V. , Menz Hylton B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with and without plantar heel pain (PHP). This was a cross-sectional observational study that compared 50 adult participants with PHP to 25 participants without PHP who were matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). HRQoL measures included a generic measure, the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2), and foot-specific measures, including 100 mm visual analogue scales (VASs) for pain, the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ), and the Foot Function Index-Revised (FFI-R). Comparisons in HRQoL between the two groups were conducted using linear regression, with additional adjustment for the comorbidity, osteoarthritis, which was found to be substantially different between the two groups. For generic HRQoL, participants with PHP scored worse in the SF-36v2 physical component summary score (p < 0.001, large effect size), but there was no difference in the mental component summary score (p = 0.690, very small effect size). Specifically, physical function (p < 0.001, very large effect size), role physical (p < 0.001, large effect size) and bodily pain (p < 0.001, large effect size) in the physical component section were worse in those with PHP. For foot-specific HRQoL, participants with PHP also scored worse in the VASs, the FHSQ and the FFI-R (p ≤ 0.005, huge effect sizes for all domains, except FHSQ footwear, which was large effect size, and FFR-R stiffness, activity limitation, and social issues, which were very large effect sizes). After accounting for age, sex, BMI and osteoarthritis, adults with PHP have poorer generic and foot-specific HRQoL.
Scalable and CMOS compatible silicon photonic physical unclonable functions for supply chain assurance
Authors: Tarik Farhan Bin , Famili Azadeh , Lao Yingjie , Ryckman Judson D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate the uniqueness, unclonability and secure authentication of N = 56 physical unclonable functions (PUFs) realized from silicon photonic moiré quasicrystal interferometers. Compared to prior photonic-PUF demonstrations typically limited in scale to only a handful of unique devices and on the order of 10 false authentication attempts, this work examines > 103 inter-device comparisons and false authentication attempts. Device fabrication is divided across two separate fabrication facilities, allowing for cross-fab analysis and emulation of a malicious foundry with exact knowledge of the PUF photonic circuit design and process. Our analysis also compares cross-correlation based authentication to the traditional Hamming distance method and experimentally demonstrates an authentication error rate AER = 0%, false authentication rate FAR = 0%, and an estimated probability of cloning below 10−30. This work validates the potential scalability of integrated photonic-PUFs which can attractively leverage mature wafer-scale manufacturing and automated contact-free optical probing. Such structures show promise for authenticating hardware in the untrusted supply chain or augmenting conventional electronic-PUFs to enhance system security.
Optically switched multiband antenna based on Vivaldi structure
Authors: Lin Peiying , Wu Yuting , Wu Zhouyi , Zhuo Ruofan , Huangfu Jiangtao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, an optically frequency-reconfigurable antenna with multiband characteristics is proposed utilizing photodiodes. It is developed on the basis of a Vivaldi antenna structure, while the composite radiation structure is realized by introducing three parallel branches in the antenna slot. Three photodiodes on the branches function as photoconductive switches to make the antenna reconfigurable at multiple low frequencies and stable at high frequencies. When the illumination irradiates different photodiodes, the proposed antenna is capable to switch between three narrowband modes, including 300 MHz, 677 MHz, and 1.02 GHz. The radiation gain is measured to reach 0.91 dB, 1.69 dB, 2.96 dB, respectively, while the variation in illumination states is 6.82 dB, 9.93 dB, 17.13 dB, respectively. Meanwhile, this antenna can continue to work stably at 3.2–3.8 GHz and 5.1–6.5 GHz regardless of illumination, with the maximum gain of 7.51 dB. Both simulation and experimental results substantiate the feasibility of the proposed design. This antenna design can transmit and shield the signal of specific frequency with optical control, and has good working characteristics at both high and low frequencies. In the future, it has promising application potential of communication and radar integration.
Partisan asymmetries in exposure to misinformation
Authors: Rao Ashwin , Morstatter Fred , Lerman Kristina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOnline misinformation is believed to have contributed to vaccine hesitancy during the Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting concerns about social media’s destabilizing role in public life. Previous research identified a link between political conservatism and sharing misinformation; however, it is not clear how partisanship affects how much misinformation people see online. As a result, we do not know whether partisanship drives exposure to misinformation or people selectively share misinformation despite being exposed to factual content. To address this question, we study Twitter discussions about the Covid-19 pandemic, classifying users along the political and factual spectrum based on the information sources they share. In addition, we quantify exposure through retweet interactions. We uncover partisan asymmetries in the exposure to misinformation: conservatives are more likely to see and share misinformation, and while users’ connections expose them to ideologically congruent content, the interactions between political and factual dimensions create conditions for the highly polarized users—hardline conservatives and liberals—to amplify misinformation. Overall, however, misinformation receives less attention than factual content and political moderates, the bulk of users in our sample, help filter out misinformation. Identifying the extent of polarization and how political ideology exacerbates misinformation can help public health experts and policy makers improve their messaging.
Computerized handwriting evaluation and statistical reports for children in the age of primary school
Authors: Chang Shao-Hsia , Yu Nan-Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study proposed a novel computational method for evaluating logographic handwriting. It can precisely evaluate both the handwriting product and the process. The measures included handwriting performance as well as the temporospatial, kinematics, and kinetics features. For examining the psychometrics of this comprehensive evaluation system, typical development children aged 6 to 9 years old (grade 1 to grade 3) (n = 641) were involved in the study of factor analysis. From twelve measuring variables, the exploratory factor analysis extracted five factors (handwriting performance, motor control, speed and automation, halt and exertion, and “in air” events). The test reliability was confirmed by further recruitment of typically developing children (n = 242). The internal consistency mostly demonstrated good to excellent results for every measure. This study further recruited children with handwriting difficulties (n = 33) for testing the discriminative validity of the evaluation system. A series of two-way ANOVA tests was conducted to test the significance of the main effects of the groups (typical development and handwriting deficit) and grades (1, 2, and 3) and their interaction effects on the handwriting measures. All the measures showed significant differences between the two groups, indicating the discriminative validity for identifying handwriting deficits. Seven of twelve measures showed significant interaction effects, indicating the different trends across the grades between the two groups. Typically-developing children demonstrated ongoing progress from grade 1 to grade 3, suggesting a developmental trend during their early school age. Implications for motor development and clinical evaluation are discussed herein in relation to the five dimensions.
An affordable and easy-to-use tool for automatic fish length and weight estimation in mariculture
Authors: Tonachella Nicolò , Martini Arianna , Martinoli Marco , Pulcini Domitilla , Romano Andrea , Capoccioni Fabrizio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCommon aquaculture practices involve measuring fish biometrics at different growth stages, which is crucial for feeding regime management and for improving farmed fish welfare. Fish measurements are usually carried out manually on individual fish. However, this process is laborious, time-consuming, and stressful to the fish. Therefore, the development of fast, precise, low cost and indirect measurement would be of great interest to the aquaculture sector. In this study, we explore a promising way to take fish measurements in a non-invasive approach through computer vision. Images captured by a stereoscopic camera are used by Artificial Intelligence algorithms in conjunction with computer vision to automatically obtain an accurate estimation of the characteristics of fish, such as body length and weight. We describe the development of a computer vision system for automated recognition of body traits through image processing and linear models for the measurement of fish length and prediction of body weight. The measurements are obtained through a relatively low-cost prototype consisting of a smart buoy equipped with stereo cameras, tested in a commercial mariculture cage in the Mediterranean Sea. Our findings suggest that this method can successfully estimate fish biometric parameters, with a mean error of ± 1.15 cm.
Asymmetric chromatin retention and nuclear envelopes separate chromosomes in fused cells in vivo
Authors: Sunchu Bharath , Lee Nicole MynYi , Taylor Jennifer A. , Segura Roberto Carlos , Roubinet Chantal , Cabernard Clemens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHybrid cells derived through fertilization or somatic cell fusion recognize and separate chromosomes of different origins. The underlying mechanisms are unknown but could prevent aneuploidy and tumor formation. Here, we acutely induce fusion between Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts; NBs) and differentiating ganglion mother cells (GMCs) in vivo to define how epigenetically distinct chromatin is recognized and segregated. We find that NB-GMC hybrid cells align both endogenous (neuroblast-origin) and ectopic (GMC-origin) chromosomes at the metaphase plate through centrosome derived dual-spindles. Physical separation of endogenous and ectopic chromatin is achieved through asymmetric, microtubule-dependent chromatin retention in interphase and physical boundaries imposed by nuclear envelopes. The chromatin separation mechanisms described here could apply to the first zygotic division in insects, arthropods, and vertebrates or potentially inform biased chromatid segregation in stem cells.
Trade scenarios compensating for halted wheat and maize exports from Russia and Ukraine increase carbon emissions without easing food insecurity
Authors: Carriquiry Miguel , Dumortier Jerome , Elobeid Amani 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Russian invasion of Ukraine has destabilized global agricultural markets, triggering food price increases. We present scenarios of reduced exports and production affecting both countries that increase maize and wheat prices by up to 4.6% and 7.2%, respectively. Production expansion in other regions can partially compensate for export declines but may increase carbon emissions and will exacerbate ongoing global food security challenges.
Southwestern United States drought of the 21st century presages drier conditions into the future
Authors: Wahl Eugene R. , Zorita Eduardo , Diaz Henry F. , Hoell Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntense drought has occurred in the United States Southwest this century, causing unprecedented stress to water resources. Here we use paleoclimate and instrumental records to establish that the recent temperature rise is incompatible with random draws from past fluctuations, including the current period of warming. Consistent with and extending previous reconstructions, we find that the ongoing drought is the most intense at the 21-year scale back to 600 CE. Evaluation using standardized regression coefficients shows that recent warming damps the effect of moisture delivery on the Standardized Precipitation-Evaporation Index by approximately one-third. The probability of full recovery of the current moisture deficit is unlikely even by mid-century and about five percent in 10-15 years. Evaluation of future climate simulations indicates increasing regional temperature stress and soil moisture depletion, and coupled with long recovery periods for moisture delivery, very low chance for regional mega-reservoirs to regain full-capacity levels assuming current demand.