bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review and evaluation of warp-knitted patterns for metal-based large deployable reflector surfaces
Authors: Bettermann Isa , Löcken Henning , Greb Christoph , Gries Thomas , Oses Alexander , Pauw Julian , Maghaldadze Nikoloz , Datashvili Leri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA large deployable reflector antenna (LDA) is comprised of numerous components. One of the key components of this reflector antenna is the reflector surface. Several types of reflector surfaces have been developed and used, namely, metal mesh-based reflector surfaces, membrane-based reflector surfaces, etc. The benefits presented by warp-knitted metal mesh-based reflector surfaces are their foldability and light weight structural characteristics. Typical metal mesh-based reflector surfaces are produced using a warp knitting textile manufacturing process. A warp-knitted metal mesh reflecting surface is an elastic, open structured knit with a low bending stiffness produced on a high gauge knitting machine (E26 or higher gauge) consisting of a compatible metal yarn (typically tungsten or molybdenum). This paper gives an overview about the requirements for mesh reflector surfaces stated in the literature. Afterwards, an overview of different patterns currently investigated by the LDA community is given. The names given to the various types of patterns in the literature often differ. The construction of the various patterns is therefore first optical analysed and compared. Subsequently, the different patterns are evaluated on the basis of the requirements. Based on the requirements and the possibilities of the warp knitting machine, new possible patterns are identified and evaluated. For the development of a new reflector surface, the identified patterns are developed as a warp-knitted spacer fabric. This decision increases the stiffness of the knitted fabric. This new concept for an advanced reflector surfaces is introduced by Large Space Structures GmbH (LSS) (concept) and ITA (production technology).
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The Effect of Preterm Birth on Maximal Aerobic Exercise Capacity and Lung Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gostelow Thomas , Stöhr Eric J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
A negative impact of premature birth on health in adulthood is well established. However, it is not clear whether healthy adults who were born prematurely but have similar physical activity levels compared to adults born at term have a reduced maximal aerobic exercise capacity (maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max]).

Objective
We aimed to determine the effect of premature birth on aerobic exercise capacity and lung function in otherwise healthy, physically active individuals.

Methods
A broad literature search was conducted in the PubMed database. Search terms included ‘preterm/premature birth’ and ‘aerobic exercise capacity’. Maximal oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min) was the main variable required for inclusion, and amongst those investigations forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1, % predicted) was evaluated as a secondary parameter. For the systematic review, 29 eligible articles were identified. Importantly, for the meta-analysis, only studies which reported similar activity levels between healthy controls and the preterm group/s were included, resulting in 11 articles for the VO2max analysis (total n = 688, n = 333 preterm and n = 355 controls) and six articles for the FEV1 analysis (total n = 296, n = 147 preterm and n = 149 controls). Data were analysed using Review Manager ( Review Manager. RevMan version 5.4 software. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2020.).

Results
The systematic review highlighted the broad biological impact of premature birth. While the current literature tends to suggest that there may be a negative impact of premature birth on both VO2max and FEV1, several studies did not control for the potential influence of differing physical activity levels between study groups, thus justifying a focused meta-analysis of selected studies. Our meta-analysis strongly suggests that prematurely born humans who are otherwise healthy do have a reduced VO2max (mean difference: − 4.40 [95% confidence interval − 6.02, − 2.78] mL/kg/min, p < 0.00001, test for overall effect: Z = 5.32) and FEV1 (mean difference − 9.22 [95% confidence interval − 13.54, − 4.89] % predicted, p < 0.0001, test for overall effect: Z = 4.18) independent of physical activity levels.

Conclusions
Whilst the current literature contains mixed findings on the effects of premature birth on VO2max and FEV1, our focused meta-analysis suggests that even when physical activity levels are similar, there is a clear reduction in VO2max and FEV1 in adults born prematurely. Therefore, future studies should carefully investigate the underlying determinants of the reduced VO2max and FEV1 in humans born preterm, and develop strategies to improve their maximal aerobic capacity and lung function beyond physical activity interventions.
Poultry Meat allergy: a Review of Allergens and Clinical Phenotypes
Authors: Wanniang Naphisabet , Codreanu-Morel Françoise , Kuehn Annette , Morisset Martine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose of review
In the recent years, more cases of poultry meat allergy, both IgE- or non-IgE-mediated, are being reported. Patients have varied clinical reactivity at various levels of sensitivity to different meat preparations. The lack of validated biomarkers renders accurate diagnosis challenging. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current status of poultry meat allergy along with a description on the allergens implicated.

Recent findings
Poultry meat allergy occurs as a result of cross-reactions with known allergens of egg yolk or bird feathers or as genuine IgE-mediated sensitivity to allergens in poultry meat. Individuals can also develop non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to poultry meat. Chicken serum albumin is the main responsible allergen in secondary cases, while myosin light chain, α parvalbumin, enolase, aldolase, hemoglobin, and α-actin have been recognized as potential eliciting allergens in genuine poultry meat allergy.

Summary
There is a wide phenotypic variation among patients with poultry meat allergy, regarding clinical severity and cross-reactivity features. Recognizing the various clinical entities of reactions to poultry meat is an important step towards accurate diagnosis and providing management options that are well received by patients.
Community livelihood vulnerability to drought in semi-arid areas of northern Cameroon
Authors: Ntali Yeluma Mary , Lyimo James G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDrought is a devastating recurring climate hazard, with enormous impacts on livelihoods and attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in semi-arid areas. The current study was conducted to evaluate households’ livelihood vulnerability to droughts in an African semi-arid region. A total of 384 households from a drought-prone region in Northern Cameroon were randomly sampled and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Livelihood vulnerability was evaluated from the collected households’ data using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Vulnerability Index (IPCC-VI) methods. The LVI results showed that food insecurity, livelihood strategy and social networking were the major drivers of livelihood vulnerability. This was because almost all of the interviewed households relied on rain-fed agriculture and there was limited early drought warning information, which limited the achievements of some SDGs such as zero hunger, water accessibility and poverty alleviation. Adoption of drought-resilient and early maturing crops together with the use of agriculture extension officers to disseminate drought warnings are advised to reduce the effects of the livelihood vulnerability drivers and ensure sustainable development. The IPCC-VI showed that drought exposure and adaptive capacity were low while drought sensitivity was high among the surveyed households. The high sensitivity was due to food and water insecurity, while low adaptive capacity was due to a lack of formal education and a high dependency rate. Heavy investment in education and reducing the number of dependents through family planning and campaigning against polygamy could enhance households’ adaptive capacity. It was concluded that households’ livelihood vulnerability in the study area was due to high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity to drought. Drought reversed positive steps that had been taken to achieve various SDGs; however, heavy investment in other SDGs such as quality education and health could enhance households’ adaptive capacity and system sustainability in African semi-arid regions.
Purchasing products with sustainable palm oil: designing and evaluating an online intervention for Australian consumers
Authors: Sundaraja Cassandra Shruti , Hine Donald W. , Thorsteinsson Einar B. , Lykins Amy D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWidespread tropical deforestation and biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia due to the oil palm industry can be addressed by encouraging consumers to purchase sustainable palm oil (SPO). An online experiment was conducted to assess whether addressing barriers relating to education, motivation and product availability would increase purchasing of SPO. Australian adults (n= 628) were randomly assigned to either: (1) a newly developed interactive educational website on palm oil and SPO; (2) an existing educational video on SPO; or (3) an interactive website on differentiating between real and fake news (an attentional control condition). All participants completed pre-intervention and immediate post-intervention measures. Most participants (n= 403) completed follow-up measures two weeks later. Multivariate analysis revealed that the interactive website and educational video increased both knowledge and the intention to purchase SPO (compared to the attentional control), but neither significantly impacted follow-up self-reported SPO purchasing behaviour. Low perceived product availability might help explain the intention–behaviour gap. Our results suggest that, in addition to increasing consumer knowledge and motivation, promoting sustainable consumption requires creating opportunities for people to engage in the desired behaviour.
Cost of Ecosystem Service Value Due to Rohingya Refugee Influx in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Showmitra Kumar , Saroar Md. Mustafa , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of the research is to estimate the cost of ecosystem service value (ESV) due to the Rohingya refugee influx in Ukhiya and Teknaf upazilas of Bangladesh.

Methods:
Artificial neural network (ANN) supervised classification technique was used to estimate land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics between 2017 (ie, before the Rohingya refugee influx) and 2021. The ESV changes between 2017 and 2021 were assessed using the benefit transfer approach.

Results:
According to the findings, the forest lost 54.88 km2 (9.58%) because of the refugee influx during the study. Around 47.26 km2 (8.25%) of settlement was increased due to the need to provide shelter for Rohingya refugees in camp areas. Due to the increase in Rohingya refugee settlements, the total ESV increased from US $310.13 million in 2017 to US $332.94 million in 2021. Because of the disappearance of forest areas, the ESV for raw materials and biodiversity fell by 13.58% and 14.57%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Natural resource conservation for long-term development will benefit from the findings of this study.
Job and work context elements in fostering employee creative behavior: exploring the moderating role of work passion
Authors: Ramos Hazel Melanie , Mustafa Michael , Zainal Badri Siti Khadijah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow does employees' work context and job characteristics influence their creative behavior? To explore this question, this study draws on the Job Demands – Job Resources (JD-R) model to examine the role of excessive work overload and training and development on employee creative behaviors. Additionally, the study explores whether employees' work passion mitigates or enhances the effects of work overload and training and development on their creative behavior. Data from 142 employee–supervisor dyads in a Singaporean telecommunications organization showed that work overload had a marginally significant positive effect on employee creative behavior. Additionally, employees' work passion was found to enhance the effects of training and development on their creative behavior. The study contributes to ongoing debates in the literature regarding how specific characteristics of one's job and targeted human resource practices may foster employee creativity.
Web-based nautical charts automated compilation from open hydrospatial data
Authors: Contarinis Stilianos , Nakos Byron , Tsoulos Lysandros , Palikaris Athanasios 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectronic navigational charts (ENCs) are specialised geospatial datasets, issued by or on the authority of a government or hydrographic office, in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organisation's (IHO) standards, specifications and symbol sets. The datasets generally comprise encoded information collected from hydrographic surveys, aimed primarily at the safety of navigation. Most ENCs are not openly available, since the encrypted datasets can be acquired through various license schemes via a centralised distribution network coordinated by two organisations operating on behalf of the coastal states that produce them. This paper describes a methodology and an integrated system developed at the National Technical University of Athens Cartography Laboratory for the generation of web-based nautical charts utilising open data and free software. The system compiles nautical charts compliant with IHO's S-101 latest standard; using open hydrospatial data retrieved from marine spatial data infrastructures (MSDI) and other qualified volunteered geographic information (VGI) sources. Open-source geospatial libraries and web-map vector technologies are used to build the system components and software scripts developed to enable automated compilation. The study also discusses how the system can be improved further by leveraging web services for end-to-end process automation and satellite-derived bathymetry for accurate depiction of seabed topography in low-depth areas.
The effect of joint involvement of nurse and physician in hospice care on terminal cancer patients on do-not-resuscitate orders signed by surrogates
Authors: Huang Ling-Hui , Chang Chia-Hui , Chu Chien-Lun , Tsai Tung-Han , Yang Chiu-Ming , Shieh Shwn-Huey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesPatients with terminal cancer often experience physical and mental distress. Signing a do-not-resuscitate order (DNR) is crucial to protect against invalid treatment. This study aims to explore the effect of hospice shared care intervention by medical staff on the completion of a DNR-S (DNR order signed by surrogates) for patients with terminal cancer.MethodThe cross-sectional study in this research involved secondary analysis of data from the 2011–2015 clinical cancer case management database of a medical center in central Taiwan. Those with a DNR order signed by patients (DNR-P) or DNR-S before the hospice shared care consultation were excluded from this study; a total of 1,306 patients with terminal cancer were selected.ResultsThis study demonstrated that the percentage of DNR-S after consultation involving both nurse and physician was 75.4%. With other variables controlled, the number of DNR-Ss after consultation with a nurse was significantly lower [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.75] and that of DNR-Ss after consultation involving both nurse and physician was significantly higher (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01–1.79), than that of DNR-Ss after consultation with only the physician.Significance of resultsJoint involvement of the nurse and physician in hospice care provides sufficient information to patients and family with terminal cancer about their condition and enhances doctor–patient communication. This effectively assists patients with terminal cancer and their family members in making the major decision of signing a DNR, alleviates the concerns of patients and family members about signing a DNR, and reduces terminal cancer patients’ pain at the end of life to ensure that they die in peace and dignity.
Development status and trends in side-deep fertilization of rice
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Wang Zhentao , Weng Wuxiong , Liu Yuanfeng , Fu Zuodong , Wang Jinwu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOveruse of fertilizer is detrimental to the sustainability of crop production from an economic and environmental perspective. While rice side-deep fertilization technology can significantly improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, improve crop yield and reduce environmental pollution caused by improper use of fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization methods. Therefore, side-deep fertilization technology has an important role in the sustainable development of agriculture. This article describes fertilizer selection, side-deep fertilization devices and the effects of side-deep fertilization technology on rice plants and soil. We summarize the types and characteristics of side-deep fertilizers and their ratios and modes. The basic principles and characteristics of the key components of mechanical fertilization devices are described in detail, including fertilizer discharging devices (rotating disc type, outer groove wheel type, screw type), fertilizer conveying devices (pneumatic, mechanical forced type) and sensors. The effects and mechanisms of side-deep fertilization on rice growth, yield, quality, fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil microorganisms are summarized. Finally, based on current research on side-deep fertilization, future directions are identified to aid the development of this promising technology.
3‐D Atmospheric Modeling of the Global Budget of N2O and Its Isotopologues for 1980–2019: The Impact of Anthropogenic Emissions
Authors: Liang Qing , Nevison Cynthia , Dlugokencky Ed , Hall Bradley D. , Dutton Geoff 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and a major ozone‐depleting substance. Its main sources include anthropogenic activities (mostly agriculture) and natural emissions from ocean and soils. However, emission estimates for individual sources are highly variable due to uncertainties in N2O lifetime estimates and partitioning among sources. We derive annual global N2O emissions for 1990–2019 using NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) surface N2O observations and the N2O lifetime calculated in the NASA GEOS‐5 chemistry climate model. The inferred global mean N2O emissions has gradually increased from ∼15.8 TgN/yr in the early 1990s to ∼17.8 TgN/yr in the 2010s. This implies that anthropogenic N2O emissions have grown rapidly from ∼6.7 TgN/yr in the 1990s to about ∼8.7 TgN/yr in the 2010s, a ∼30% increase. With specially designed N2O isotopic tracers in 3‐D GEOSCCM, we estimate that, on global average, stratospheric enrichment contributes about +7.7‰/yr, +7.6‰/yr, +8.0‰/yr to tropospheric δ15Nα, δ15Nβ, and δ18O budget, respectively. To balance the global mean isotopic signature for pre‐industrial terrestrial sources of δ15Nα ∼ 6.7‰, δ15Nβ ∼ −12.6‰, δ18O ∼ 35.4‰, our 3‐dimensional isotopic budget simulation using the GEOSCCM suggests global mean anthropogenic isotopic signatures in the recent decades are δ15Nα ∼ −18‰, δ15Nβ ∼ −20‰, δ18O ∼ 19‰. These anthropogenic isotopic estimates are significantly lighter than results from one‐box atmospheric model‐based estimates with the largest difference seen for δ15Nβ. More surface isotopic measurements are needed to better quantify the N2O isotopic signatures.
Aseismic Fault Slip During a Shallow Normal‐Faulting Seismic Swarm Constrained Using a Physically Informed Geodetic Inversion Method
Authors: Jiang Yu , Samsonov Sergey V. , González Pablo J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImproved imaging of the spatio‐temporal growth of fault slip is crucial for understanding the driving mechanisms of earthquakes and faulting. This is especially critical to properly evaluate the evolution of seismic swarms and earthquake precursory phenomena. Fault slip inversion is an ill‐posed problem and hence regularization is required to obtain stable and interpretable solutions. An analysis of compiled finite fault slip models shows that slip distributions can be approximated with a generic elliptical shape, particularly well for M ≤ 7.5 events. Therefore, we introduce a new physically informed regularization to constrain the spatial pattern of slip distribution. Our approach adapts a crack model derived from mechanical laboratory experiments and allows for complex slipping patterns by stacking multiple cracks. The new inversion method successfully recovered different simulated time‐dependent patterns of slip propagation, that is, crack‐like and pulse‐like ruptures, directly using wrapped satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) phase observations. We find that the new method reduces model parameter space, and favors simpler interpretable spatio‐temporal fault slip distributions. We apply the proposed method to the 2011 March–September normal‐faulting seismic swarm at Hawthorne (Nevada, USA), by computing ENVISAT and RADARSAT‐2 interferograms to estimate the spatio‐temporal evolution of fault slip distribution. The results show that (a) aseismic slip might play a significant role during the initial stage and (b) this shallow seismic swarm had slip rates consistent with those of slow earthquake processes. The proposed method will be useful in retrieving time‐dependent fault slip evolution and is expected to be widely applicable to studying fault mechanics, particularly in slow earthquakes.
Global Dust Cycle and Direct Radiative Effect in E3SM Version 1: Impact of Increasing Model Resolution
Authors: Feng Y. , Wang H. , Rasch P. J. , Zhang K. , Lin W. , Tang Q. , Xie S. , Hamilton D. S. , Mahowald N. , Yu H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantification of dust aerosols in Earth System Models (ESMs) has important implications for water cycle and biogeochemistry studies. This study examines the global life cycle and direct radiative effects (DREs) of dust in the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1), and the impact of increasing model resolution both horizontally and vertically. The default 1° E3SMv1 captures the spatial and temporal variability in the observed dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) reasonably well, but overpredicts dust absorption in the shortwave (SW). Simulations underestimate the dust vertical and long‐range transport, compared with the satellite dust extinction profiles. After updating dust refractive indices and correcting for a bias in partitioning size‐segregated emissions, both SW cooling and longwave (LW) warming of dust simulated by E3SMv1 are increased and agree better with other recent studies. The estimated net dust DRE of −0.42 Wm−2 represents a stronger cooling effect than the observationally based estimate −0.2 Wm−2 (−0.48 to +0.2), due to a smaller LW warming. Constrained by a global mean DAOD, model sensitivity studies of increasing horizontal and vertical resolution show strong influences on the simulated global dust burden and lifetime primarily through the change of dust dry deposition rate; there are also remarkable differences in simulated spatial distributions of DAOD, DRE, and deposition fluxes. Thus, constraining the global DAOD is insufficient for accurate representation of dust climate effects, especially in transitioning to higher‐ or variable‐resolution ESMs. Better observational constraints of dust vertical profiles, dry deposition, size, and LW properties are needed.