bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Related Factors and Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation Electrode Deviation in Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: He Qiheng , Han Bin , Xia Xiaoyu , Dang Yuanyuan , Chen Xueling , He Jianghong , Yang Yi 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been reported to be a promising neuromodulation method for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Our previous studies found that clinical characteristics of patients and SCS stimulation parameters could affect the therapeutic effects of SCS, while surgical-related factors remain unknown. Through the improvement of surgical procedures, most of the SCS electrodes are implanted in the middle, while a small number of electrodes have still deviated.MethodsA total of 137 patients received SCS treatment in our institutions from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Among them, 27 patients were found with electrode deviation and met the inclusion criteria. Patients were grouped according to whether the electrode deviation angle (EDA) is &gt;30°, respectively. Clinical characteristics of patients and SCS stimulation parameters were compared. Potential related factors and outcomes were evaluated by Chi-square test or two-way repeated measures analysis.ResultsTwenty seven patients receiving cervical SCS treatment were found to have electrode deviation postoperatively. Among them, 12 patients were classified into the more deviation group. No significant difference was found among age, sex, pathogeny, course of DOC, C2–C5 distance, spinal cord to spinal canal ratio at C2 level, and preoperative JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores. We found that the electrode direction significantly deviated to the contralateral side in the lateral decubitus position (P = 0.025). The maximum tolerant stimulation intensity in the less deviation group (1.70 ± 0.41) was significantly higher than that in the more deviation group (1.25 ± 0.34) (P = 0.006). Under the strongest stimulation, less unilateral limb tremor (P = 0.049) and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) episodes (P = 0.030) were found. EDA had a significant effect on postoperative CRS-R in patients, and patients in the less deviation group had significantly higher postoperative CRS-R (P &lt; 0.01). There was also an interaction effect between EDA and postoperative time. With the prolonged postoperative time, the CRS-R improvement rate of patients with different EDA was different, and the CRS-R improved faster in patients with less EDA (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsElectrode deviation will affect the outcome of patients receiving cervical SCS treatment. The intraoperative surgical position is associated with postoperative electrode deviation direction. The reduction of EDA under 30° can increase maximum tolerant stimulation intensity, reduce complications, and further improve patients' outcomes.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages Correlate With Prognosis in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yuan Xia , Wang Yuan , Liu Jingjing , Li Zhigang , Li Shuting , Liu Yan , Gong Xiaojun , Sun Yanling , Wu Wanshui , Sun Liming , Du Shuxu , Wang Tianyou 
Published: July 2022

PurposeMacrophage polarization plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment of brain tumors. However, the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in medulloblastoma still remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the distribution of macrophages in medulloblastoma tissues and analyzed the association of TAM recruitment and medulloblastoma patients’ outcomes.MethodsWe obtained a total of 71 paraffin sections from patients with medulloblastoma, and detected the activated phenotype (M1/M2) by monoclonal antibodies for CD68, HLA-DR and CD163 with multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry method. The number of polarized macrophages was quantified using the InForm software. Outcomes were analyzed according to clinical data and quantified macrophage data.ResultsThe study revealed that TAMs were significantly higher in sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma than in other subgroups, and M1 macrophages in metastatic group were significantly higher than those in non-metastatic group. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression model showed the correlation of high percentage of total macrophages (P = 0.038, HR = 0.241) and M1 macrophages (P = 0.034, HR = 0.333) with good 5-year progression-free survival (PFS); however, M2 macrophages had no correlation with survival of medulloblastoma patients (P&gt; 0.05).ConclusionHigh percentage of total macrophages and M1 macrophages are correlated with good outcome of medulloblastoma patients. TAMs might be a target of therapy.
Beneficial Effect of Short-Term Supplementation of High Dose of Vitamin D3 in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Prospective Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Cervero Miguel , López-Wolf Daniel , Casado Guiomar , Novella-Mena Maria , Ryan-Murua Pablo , Taboada-Martínez María Luisa , Rodríguez-Mora Sara , Vigón Lorena , Coiras Mayte , Torres Montserrat 
Published: July 2022

There is now sufficient evidence to support that vitamin D deficiency may predispose to SARS-CoV-2 infection and increase COVID-19 severity and mortality. It has been suggested that vitamin D3 supplementation may be used prophylactically as an affordable and safe strategy that could be added to the existing COVID-19 standard treatment. This multicenter, single-blinded, prospective randomized pilot clinical trial aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of 10,000 IU/day in comparison with 2000 IU/day of cholecalciferol supplementation for 14 days to reduce the duration and severity of COVID-19 in 85 hospitalized individuals. The median age of the participants was 65 years (Interquartile range (IQR): 53–74), most of them (71%) were men and the mean baseline of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in serum was 15 ng/ml (standard deviation (SD):6). After 14 days of supplementation, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly increased in the group who received 10,000IU/day (p &lt; 0.0001) (n = 44) in comparison with the 2,000IU/day group (n = 41), especially in overweight and obese participants, and the higher dose was well tolerated. A fraction of the individuals in our cohort (10/85) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The median length of hospital stay in these patients with ARDS was significantly different in the participants assigned to the 10,000IU/day group (n = 4; 7 days; IQR: 4–13) and the 2,000IU/day group (n = 6; 27 days; IQR: 12–45) (p = 0.04). Moreover, the inspired oxygen fraction was reduced 7.6-fold in the high dose group (p = 0.049). In terms of blood parameters, we did not identify overall significant improvements, although the platelet count showed a modest but significant difference in those patients who were supplemented with the higher dose (p = 0.0492). In conclusion, the administration of 10,000IU/day of vitamin D3 for 14 days in association with the standard clinical care during hospitalization for COVID-19 was safe, tolerable, and beneficial, thereby helping to improve the prognosis during the recovery process.
Development and Validation of a Tool to Improve Community Pharmacists’ Surveillance Role in the Safe Dispensing of Herbal Supplements
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , Abdulla Naseem Mohammed , Shahwan Moyad , Jairoun Maimona , Godman Brian , El-Dahiyat Faris , Kurdi Amanj 
Published: July 2022

Background: There has been an appreciable increase in the use of herbal supplements, including immune boosters, during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are concerns with falsified herbal supplements.Objectives: Developed a new questionnaire that can potentially help community pharmacists identify the extent of falsified herbal supplements.Methods: A 9-month cross sectional study was conducted among 500 community pharmacies across United Arab Emirates. A new 5-factor, 24-itmes scale was developed based on current labelling requirements across countries and piloted. This included seven items on identified uses and contraindication, seven items on hazard identification, four items on product identity, three items on packaging and product insert and three items on product handling and storage. The face and content validity of the scale was assessed via the content validity index (CVI). Its construct validity was tested using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) via principally component analysis (PCA). The model was subsequently confirmed through partial confirmatory factor analysis (PCFA). Its reliability was assessed via test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: The CVI of the finalized questionnaire was 0.843. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.891, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity indicated significance (p-value &lt; 0.001). Confirmation of the subsequent 5-domains was achieved through PCFA using maximum likelihood analysis with oblimin rotation. The PCFA obtained values was 0.962 for NFI, 0.977 for CFI, and 0.987 for the Tucker Lewis Index. All values were greater than 0.95, and the RMSEA value was 0.03 (i.e., less than 0.06). Consequently, the model had a good fit. All domains demonstrated Cronbach’s alpha coefficients above 0.70, with 0.940 for the full instrument. Meanwhile, all items met the IIC correlation standard of ≥0.40. The instrument presented good ICC statistics of 0.940 (0.928–0.950) as well as statistical significance (p &lt; 0.001). Community pharmacists with more than 10 experience years were more likely to identify falsified herbal supplements compared to those with 1–10 years experience (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: This study developed and validated a new instrument to identify safe herbal supplements, which should enhance the role of the community pharmacists in the safe and effective treatment of suitable patients with herbal supplements.
Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Kotzé-Hörstmann Liske , Cois Annibale , Johnson Rabia , Mabasa Lawrence , Shabalala Samukelisiwe , Van Jaarsveld Paul J. , Sadie-Van Gijsen Hanél 
Published: July 2022

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in laboratory rodents can serve as a model with which to study the pathophysiology of obesity, but obesogenic diets (high-sugar and/or high-fat) are often poorly characterised and simplistically aimed at inducing metabolic derangements for the purpose of testing the therapeutic capacity of natural products and other bioactive compounds. Consequently, our understanding of the divergent metabolic responses to different obesogenic diet formulations is limited. The aim of the present study was to characterise and compare differences in the metabolic responses induced by low-fat, medium-fat/high-sugar and high-fat diets in rats through multivariate statistical modelling. Young male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to CON (laboratory chow, low-fat), OB1 (high-sugar, medium-fat) or OB2 (high-fat) dietary groups (n = 24 each) for 17 weeks, after which metabolic responses were characterised. Projection-based multivariate analyses (principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)) were used to explore the associations between measures of body composition and metabolism. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic literature survey to examine reporting trends in rat dietary intervention studies, and to determine how the metabolic responses observed in the present study compared to other recently published studies. The OB1 and OB2 dietary regimens resulted in distinct metabolic profiles, with OB1 characterised by perturbations in insulin homeostasis and adipose tissue secretory function, while OB2 was characterised by altered lipid and liver metabolism. This work therefore confirms, by means of direct comparison, that differences in dietary composition have a profound impact on metabolic and pathophysiological outcomes in rodent models of DIO. However, through our literature survey we demonstrate that dietary composition is not reported in the majority of rat dietary intervention studies, suggesting that the impact of dietary composition is often not considered during study design or data interpretation. This hampers the usefulness of such studies to provide enhanced mechanistic insights into DIO, and also limits the translatability of such studies within the context of human obesity.
A Longitudinal Study of Physical and Mental Health and Health-Related Attitudes Among Music Students: Potentials and Challenges for University Health Promotion Programs
Authors: Rosset Magdalena , Baumann Eva , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveWell-being of music students has been an increasing matter of concern since studies show that up to 50% of beginners suffer from playing-related pain or anxiety. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine health status, health-related attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, skills, and coping strategies of students at the beginning of their education at a music university and at the end of their second semester.MethodsBased on a longitudinal online survey conducted among students at a German music university since 2017, we investigated mental and physical health status, health-related attitudes, knowledge, skills, behaviors, and coping strategies of music students at the beginning of their first year (n = 205). We analyzed differences between performance and music education majors and between students playing different main instruments. In a subsample (n = 62), we additionally analyzed changes between the beginning of the music students’ first and the end of their second semester, also depending on whether they attended courses on musicians’ health.ResultsMusic students are already in demand when they enter a music university, practicing on average almost 3 h daily. Compared to other body regions, pain in shoulders/back is most prevalent in first-year students, especially in those playing string instruments. Performance majors reported better knowledge about health risks and protective measures for musicians, better coping abilities, and practiced more than music education majors. First-year students assessed their overall and mental health status at the beginning of their first semester mainly as good, but we found a decrease in mental health status at the end of the second semester. After two semesters, students attending courses on musicians’ health showed increased knowledge and skills regarding different aspects of musicians’ health.ConclusionThe health status of music students when they first enter a music university is still a concern. Information and practical courses enabling students to prevent overuse and cope with performing anxiety and other stressors are important components of a comprehensive study program. Knowledge about music students’ needs can help conservatories better respond to the requirements and develop courses and measures supporting students from the beginning of their education.
Effects of Traditional Chinese Fitness Exercises on Negative Emotions and Sleep Disorders in College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Tingting , Guo Yingjie , Cheng Yang , Zhang Yue 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness of regular traditional Chinese fitness exercises on negative emotions and sleep disorders in college students, and to provide evidence-based evidence and new ideas for the negative emotions and sleep disorders among the college students.MethodsA systematic search using 5 English (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese (CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM) databases were initiated to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the effect of traditional Chinese fitness exercises on negative emotions and sleep disorders among college students. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the pooled effect of the intervention. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality and the data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.4.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs were included, including 1,052 subjects. The results showed a potential beneficial effect of traditional Chinese fitness exercises on reducing depression [SMD = −0.93, 95 %CI (−1.76, −0. 10)], anxiety [SMD = −0.74, 95%CI (−0.93, −0.54)], and the sleep disorders [SMD = −2.77, 95%CI (−4.57, −0.97)] symptoms, and these effects were better than in the control group.ConclusionThe findings of this review suggested the traditional Chinese fitness exercises could improve both the negative moods and sleep disorders compared with that of healthy students, the effect on college students with mild to moderate psychological symptoms was obviously improved. The SCL-90 scale is better than the SDS scale in evaluating the improvement effect of traditional Chinese fitness exercises on depression. It was the best intervention program on negative emotions and sleep disorders among college students, with the intervention lasting 5 sessions per week for 30–60 min/session for over 12 weeks.
How Can Servant Leadership Promote Employees’ Voice Behavior? A Moderated Chain Mediation Model
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Liang , Li Jingya 
Published: July 2022

PurposeBased on Social Exchange Theory, this paper constructs and evaluates the mediation model of servant leadership on employees’ voice behavior through psychological security and error learning ability and discusses the moderation role of work autonomy in the model.DesignThis research used 424 employees and their direct superiors as the research objects and then conducted a paired survey at three points. Mplus7.4 software analyzed the empirical data.FindingsThe results are shown servant leadership is positively correlated with employees’ voice behavior, but psychological security and error learning ability play a partial mediation role in the positive impact of servant leadership on employees’ voice behavior. while psychological security and error learning ability play a chain mediation role in the positive impact of servant leadership on employees’ voice behavior. Besides, work autonomy moderates the chain mediation path by enhancing the positive impact of servant leadership on psychological security. the higher the employees’ work autonomy is, the stronger the positive impact of servant leadership on psychological security will be, and the stronger the chain mediation effect of psychological security and error learning ability between servant leadership and employees’ voice behavior.Practical ImplicationsManagers should abandon the traditional “command and control” management mode, focus on the servant leadership style and improve employees’ psychological security through a comfortable and independent working environment. Besides, managers should set up a suitable error learning atmosphere mechanism, appropriately allow employees to work, give them a specific work autonomy, increase employees’ work flexibility, and encourage employees to provide a cheerful voice for the development and progress of the organization.Origin/valueFrom the perspective of Social Exchange, this study more comprehensively discusses the internal action path of the impact of servant leadership on employees’ voice behavior, enriches the antecedent variables of employees’ voice behavior, expands the existing research on the mediation mechanism of servant leadership, deepens the understanding of the efficiency mechanism of servant leadership, and has enlightenment significance for managers to stimulate employees’ voice better.
Functional Brain Networks in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Qin Bin , Wang Longlun , Cai Jinhua , Li Tingyu , Zhang Yun 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe present study aims to investigate the functional brain network characteristics of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through functional connectivity (FC) calculations using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and graph theory analysis to better understand the pathogenesis of ASD and provide imaging evidence for the early assessment of this condition.MethodsA prospective study of preschool children including 32 with ASD (ASD group) and 22 healthy controls (HC)group was conducted in which all subjects underwent rs-fMRI scans, and then the differences in FC between the two groups was calculated, followed by graph-theoretic analysis to obtain the FC properties of the network.ResultsIn the calculation of FC, compared with the children in the HC group, significant increases or decreases in subnetwork connectivity was found in the ASD group. There were 25 groups of subnetworks with enhanced FC, of which the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate gyrus and angular gyrus were all important components of the default mode network (DMN). There were 11 groups of subnetworks with weakened FC, including the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, precuneus, amygdala, and perirhinal cortex, with the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus predominating. In the network properties determined by graph theory, the clustering coefficient and local efficiency of the functional network was increased in the ASD group; specifically, compared with those in the HC group, nodes in the left subinsular frontal gyrus and the right middle temporal gyrus had increased efficiency, and nodes in the left perisylvian cortex, the left lingual gyrus, and the right hippocampus had decreased efficiency.ConclusionAlterations in functional brain networks are evident in preschool children with ASD and can be detected with sleep rs-fMRI, which is important for understanding the pathogenesis of ASD and assessing this condition early.
Implementation of COVID-19 Laboratory Testing Certification Program (CoLTeP) in African Region
Authors: Maruta Talkmore , Shumba Edwin , Ndlovu Nqobile , Moyo Sikhulile , Bangure Donewell , Kebede Yenew , Noumedem Kenfack Jaurès Arnaud 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:Coronavirus disease 2019 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 with correct and early detection of cases using laboratory testing central to the response. Hence, the establishment of quality management systems and monitoring their implementation are critical. This study describes the experience of implementing the COVID-19 Laboratory Testing and Certification Program (CoLTeP) in Africa.MethodsPrivate and public laboratories conducting SARS-CoV-2 testing using polymerase chain reaction were enrolled and assessed for quality and safety using the CoLTeP checklists.ResultsA total of 84 laboratories from 7 countries were assessed between April 2021 to December 2021 with 52% of these from the private sector. Among them, 64% attained 5 stars and were certified. Section 4 had the highest average score of 92% and the lowest of 78% in Section 3. Also, 82% of non-conformities (NCs) were related to sample collection, transportation, and risk assessments. Non-availability, inconsistency in performing, recording, instituting corrective actions for failed internal and external quality controls were among major NCs reported.ConclusionsLaboratories identified for SARS-CoV-2 testing by public and private institutions mostly met the requirements for quality and safe testing as measured by the CoLTeP checklist.