bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Copper Dissolution from Electronic Waste Printed Circuit Board Using Leaching Method
Authors: Athalla Faradisa , Sulistiawati Erni , Setiawan Iwan 
Published: January 2022

Electronic waste contains hazardous materials which have an adverse impact on the environment. Therefore, a solution is needed to recycle electronic waste. One solution is recovering copper metal from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in electronic waste. The dissolution of copper is carried out by the leaching method, which means dissolving copper using a selective solvent. Analysis of copper was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). This experiment aims to determine the factors that influence the optimization of copper dissolution from PCB electronic waste by leaching method and analysis the copper content using ICP-OES. The primary data obtained is the per cent recovery of each factor that affects copper dissolution, which is the concentration of sulfuric acid as a solvent, the percentage of solid / liquid, the speed of stirring, the temperature, and the length of stirring. The optimum conditions were achieved in the form of the highest recovery in each variation, which is 9.8% sulfuric acid, 5% solid/liquid percentage, 200 rpm stirring speed, and at temperature 60 °C with a stirring time of 120 minutes, the per cent recovery was obtained respectively 79.83%; 74.86%; 76.52%; and 54.84%.Keywords: electronic, waste, PCB, dissolution, copper Optimalisasi Pelarutan Tembaga dari Limbah Elektronik Printed Circuit Board dengan Metode LeachingABSTRAKLimbah elektronik mengandung bahan-bahan berbahaya yang berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan solusi untuk mendaur ulang limbah elektronik salah satunya adalah pengambilan kembali atau recovery logam tembaga dari Printed Circuit Board (PCB) pada limbah elektronik. Pelarutan tembaga dilakukan dengan metode leaching, yaitu dengan melarutkan tembaga menggunakan pelarut yang selektif. Analisis terhadap kadar tembaga dilakukan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada optimalisasi pelarutan tembaga dari limbah elektronik PCB dengan metode leaching dengan analisis terhadap kadar tembaga menggunakan ICP-OES. Data primer yang diperoleh adalah persen recovery dari setiap faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pelarutan tembaga, yaitu konsentrasi asam sulfat sebagai pelarut, persentase solid/liquid, kecepatan pengadukan, suhu, dan lama pengadukan. Kondisi optimum yang dicapai berupa recovery tertinggi pada setiap variasi, yaitu pada 9,8% asam sulfat, persentase 5% solid/liquid, kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm, dan suhu pada 60 °C dengan lama pengadukan 120 menit diperoleh persen recovery secara berturut-turut 79,83%; 74,86%; 76,52%; dan 54,84%.Kata kunci : elektronik, limbah, PCB, pelarut, tembaga
Monocyte and neutrophil to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios are elevated in patients with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Derya , ÖZDEMİR BAŞER Özden , ÇETİN Zeynep , ÇATAK Merve 
Published: January 2022

Aim: It is suggested that Vitamin D deficiency may lead to cardiovascular diseases. Monocyte-High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio (MHR) and Neutrophil-HDL ratio (NHR) are markers which may be used as cardiovascular risk factors, which are associated with inflammation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the MHR and NHR levels in patients with Vitamin D deficiency.
Material and Method: This retrospective study included patients who were tested for Vitamin D levels in our clinic. The subjects were separated into two groups based on their Vitamin D levels and laboratory variables including MHR and NHR were compared.
Results: The subjects with serum 25 OH D level lower and higher than 20 ng/ml were compared, and MHR and NHR were detected significantly higher in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency (p:0.003 and p
The relationship between the nutritional status, body-mass index of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory failure and their 1-year survival
Authors: YILDIZ Murat , ÇELİK Deniz 
Published: January 2022

Aim: We aimed to determine whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory failure patients' characteristics can be defined as additional criteria to Body Mass Index (BMI), Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002), and Albumin affecting the 1-year mortality.
Material and Method: One hundred eighty-sixes patients who have been hospitalized in the Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit between 01.01.2019 and 31.12.2019 were included in our study.
Results: The study comprised 186 patients and 63.5% of them were male (n=118) and 36.5% were female (n=68). The 1-year mortality of the patients after discharge was evaluated in two groups: those who died within 1 year (n=87, 46.7%) and the survivors' group (n=99, 53.3%). We found a significant difference between the survivors and the deceased patients in terms of weight, nutrition score, number of stays in the hospital, number of readmissions to the emergency service after discharge, and NRS-2002 score (p
Effects of contrast medium exposure on urine albumin/creatinine ratio
Authors: KAYHAN Sanem , KİVRAKOGLU Fatih , YARLIOGLU Aysenur Miray , TAŞTEMUR Mercan , AKDAĞ İbrahim 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Albuminuria is a direct consequence of renal glomerular injury and increases with glomerular dysfunction. Spot urine albumin/creatinine (Alb/Cr) ratio is a reasonable surrogate for 24-hour urine albumin excretion rate and certainly not without limitations. It is known that renal function can be affected following contrast agent administration. The aim of our study is to assess the changes in Alb/Cr ratio in spot urine before and after contrast agents in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scanning.
Material and Method: The present study included 103 hospitalized patients aged between 18 and 75 years, who underwent contrast-enhanced CT scanning for any reason and did not develop contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). We compared the values of Alb/Cr ratio at the 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours after the procedure (post-procedure time) with the values at pre-procedure time.
Results: The median age of the patients were 61 years. It has been observed that there is no significant increased in microalbuminuria after the use of contrast media. When the patients were evaluated for the albuminuria level before the procedure, it has been seen that 73 patients (70.9%) had an Alb/Cr ratio of
An evaluation of orthopaedic trauma patients presenting at the emergency department during lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: COŞKUN Sina , ÇİNKA Hikmet , BÜYÜKCERAN İsmail , ŞAHİNER Göksel , YURTBAY Alparslan , ERDOĞAN Furkan , PİŞKİN Ahmet 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease, which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, rapidly affected the whole world and many precautions were taken in Turkey, as in other countries. The first case was recorded in Turkey on 11 March 2020, and the first COVID-19-related death on 15 March 2020. From that date, precautions were taken to prevent the spread of the disease, including the implementation of lockdowns and curfews. Although it was aimed to slow down public life during this period, orthopaedics and traumatology departments continued to function actively. The aim of this study was to evaluate orthopaedics and traumatology patients who presented at the Emergency Department (ED) during this period of lockdown.
Material and Method: The study included orthopaedic and traumatology patients who presented at the ED of Samsun Ondokuz Mayis University between 16 March and 1 June 2020, when there was a general lockdown. The data of these patients were retrospectively examined and were compared with the same period in 2019.
Results: During the specified period of the pandemic, 82 orthopaedics and traumatology patients presented at the ED, and in 2019, 109 patients presented. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in respect of age, gender, and the need for surgical procedure (p >0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference in age distribution, there was a decrease in the number of patients in the children age group during the pandemic period. No significant difference was found between the two groups in respect of the mechanism of injury, with the most frequent being a fall from a height of
Comparison of visual and refractive outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK): a long-term outcomes analysis
Authors: KARADAĞ Mehmet Fatih 
Published: January 2022

Aim: We aimed to compare the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) procedures in the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism.
Material and Method: Seventy eyes of 35 patients with myopia and/or myopic astigmatism who had undergone PRK procedure were compared retrospectively with 70 eyes of 35 patients with myopia and/or myopic astigmatism who had undergone FS-LASIK procedure.
Results: All patients completed the 2-year follow-up period. With respect to age and sex, PRK and FS-LASIK groups were comparable. The differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and spherical equivalent were significantly better with PRK than with FS-LASIK at 6- and 24-month visits. FS-LASIK and PRK had similar values of safety index, efficacy index, and predictability at 6 and 24 months postoperatively. No significant complications were observed in neither of the procedures during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Both PRK and FS-LASIK seem equally effective options for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. However, PRK provided slightly better visual and refractive outcomes than FS-LASIK at 6 and 24 months postoperatively.
The effects of dual anti-platelet therapy on titanium implant osseointegration: an experimental study
Authors: KOBAT Mehmet Ali , DÜNDAR Serkan , BOZOĞLAN Alihan , GELEN Mehmet Ali , KIVRAK Tarik , ARTAŞ Gökhan , AYDIN Suna 
Published: January 2022

Aim: In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of dual anti-platelet agents on osseointegration by studying a sample of rats with titanium implants in their tibias.
Material and Method: The titanium implants were placed surgically to the left tibias of a sample group of 50 rats. After implantation, the rats were randomly divided into five groups: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (n =10), treated with 20 mg/kg of ASA; ASA+ clopidogrel (CLPD) (n=10), treated with 20 mg/kg of ASA and 30 mg/kg of CLPD; ASA+ prasugrel (PRSG) (n=10), treated with 20 mg/kg of ASA and 15 mg/kg of PRSG; ASA+ ticagrelor (TCGR) (n=10), treated with 20 mg/kg of ASA and 300 mg/kg of TCGR; and a control group (CNT) (n =10) received no further treatment following implant surgery. The experimental period lasted four weeks, during which all medications were administered with oral gavage. Concluding the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and researchers collected blood serums and the implants, along with some surrounding bones, from each rats.
Results: Bone implant connection and bone filling ratios (%) were observed histologically and documented. The bone-implant connection and bone filling ratios of the rats do not show statistically significant differences between the groups examined (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that there was no bone healing problem between the antiaggregant given groups and between these groups and the control group. Too many people have to take single or double antiaggregant due to many diseases. We think that it is an important study in terms of knowing that bone healing will not be negatively affected when dental implants or other bone prosthesis procedures are applied to these patients. The results of this study should be supported by further research.
A comparison of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia in terms of anterior mediastinal fat properties
Authors: BULUT Sertan , ÇELİK Deniz , ERTÜRK Hakan , KARAMANLI Harun , ŞAHİN Mustafa Engin , SÖNMEZ Özlem , BİBER Çiğdem 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The shape and physical properties of the anterior mediastinum can be easily affected by inflammatory lung diseases, tuberculosis, empyema, radiotherapy, chronic fibrotic lung diseases, previous surgery, and after steroid therapy. We planned to compare the properties of anterior mediastinal fat (AMF) in 3 different groups: patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia (cHP), and in the healthy control group. We investigate the AMF shape, dimensions, and AMF area properties on the images of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to find any difference between IPF and cHP patients in terms of AMF.
Material and Method: The study comprises a total of 80 cases in the three groups. The first group comprises 26 cases diagnosed as IPF. The second group comprises 19 cases diagnosed as cHP. The third group comprises 35 control patients. The clinical, demographical, and AMF characteristics on HRCT were retrospectively evaluated. The AMF shape and area characteristics were compared between the three groups.
Results: There was no statistical difference between the mean ages of cases, BMIs, and smoking status in IPF, cHP, and control groups. Gender distribution was found statistically significant between the 3 groups (p=0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed between the IPF and cHP groups in terms of FVC levels (2.67±0.59, 2.14±0.80, respectively; p=0.024). Also, a statistically significant difference was observed between the IPF and cHP groups in terms of DLCO levels (57.42±17.21; 77.31±35.21; respectively; p=0.016). In the evaluation of AMF shape properties between two groups (cHP and IPF), the concave figure was significantly more frequent in cHP group (p=0.014). The AMF area analyses revealed that the IPF group’s areas were significantly greater than the cHP and control group’s. The AP dimension of AMF analyses revealed that only the cHP group’s dimensions were significantly smaller than the control group’s (p=0.037). In the analysis of the transverse dimension of AMF, the IPF group’s dimensions were significantly greater than the cHP and control group’s (p
Comparison of prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer before and after COVID 19 pandemic: a retrospective study
Authors: BİLGİ Ahmet , AVCI Fazıl , KESER ŞAHİN Havva Hande , CAN Bayram , GÜLER Abdül Hamid , KULHAN Mehmet , CELİK Cetin 
Published: January 2022

Aim: We aimed to compare prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer before and after COVID 19 (Coronavirus Disease 19) pandemic.
Material and Method: This study was conducted in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine. After the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID 19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey made an urgent decision on health services. The surgical cases diagnosed with endometrial cancer were divided into two groups based on the date when the pandemic was announced on March 11, 2020 and described group 1: 19 months before the pandemic, group 2: 19 months after the pandemic. Demographics, prognostic variables (stage, histologic type, grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, stromal involvement, and tumor size), endometrial cancer histological types, and treatment phases were all statistically assessed (early stage, advanced stage).
Results: A total of 194 cases were included, 96 cases in the first group and 98 cases in the second group. The mean age of the first group was 60.9±9.8 (40-86) years, the second group was 60.9±9.4 (36-82) years. There was statistically significant difference in clinicopathologic of endometrial cancer between group 1 and group 2, histologic type and grade (p=0.02; p=0.009 and p=0.018, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in age, stage, lymphatic and vascular space infiltration, muscular layer infiltration, interstitial infiltration and tumor size.
Conclusion: In the post-COVID 19 pandemic, more detection of type 2 of endometrial cancer, poor histological type and high grade, which have bad prognostic factors are found to be which may be due to the early admission of extra genital complaints. More randomized multicenter studies are needed on this subject.
Comparison of the tube thoracostomy techniques on treatment in COVID-19 patients with pneumothorax
Authors: KARAALİ Rezan , ERSÖZ Hasan , AKYOL Pınar Yeşim , YURTSEVER Guner , TOPAL Fatih 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Tube thoracostomy is an interventional procedure in which there is a high risk for the spread of COVID-19. In this study, we compare the tube thoracostomy procedures performed early on in the pandemic and those performed later after steps were taken in accordance with the new recommendations.
Material and Method: It is a retrospective and single-center study. COVID-19 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax with indications for tube thoracostomy presented to our emergency department between March 10, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Based on the applied tube techniques, two groups were defined; group 1, patients who underwent classical tube thoracostomy, group 2, patients who underwent tube thoracostomy with the recommended preventive measures for COVID-19. The collected data were compared between the two groups.
Results: 106 patients met the study criteria and were included in the study. The difference in the length of the tube duration time between the old or new technique was statistically significant (p < 0.05), no difference was identified in the duration of stay, intensive care unit admission, or mortality compared with the two techniques.
Conclusions: In this study, the new measures recommended for tube thoracostomy were found to be effective for the treatment of patients.
Using the fractal dimension method to assess ossification after open sinus lift surgery
Authors: SANCAR Bahadır , DEDEOĞLU Numan , ÇETİNER Yunus , ARAL Cüneyt Asım , ALTUN Oğuzhan 
Published: January 2022

Objective: The present study aims to use the fractal dimension method to assess ossification occurring in patients undergoing an open sinus lift surgery performed with the use of xenograft.
Material and Method: In our study, we used 90 orthopantomographs of a total of 43 patients. Our study consists of three groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C. Using the fractal dimension method, we assessed the orthopantomographs taken within three to six months after the open sinus lift surgery (Group A), taken after six to nine months after the open sinus lift surgery (Group B), and taken more than nine months after the open sinus lift surgery (Group C). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23. The compliance of the data with the normal distribution was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test.
Result: The three-way statistics made between the mean values of the groups revealed a difference (p=0,033). The density of the xenograft material in the study area tended to decrease starting from the period of three to six months after the surgery.
Conclusion: The fractal dimension method can be used to assess ossification occurring after open sinus lift surgery that is performed with the use of xenografts.
The effect of prophylactic vitamin C use on COVID-19 infection
Authors: KIZILKAYA Hafize , GENÇER Vedat 
Published: January 2022

Aim: In vitamin C deficiency, the immune system deteriorates and the body becomes more susceptible to infections. Since vitamin C levels will decrease significantly in infectious conditions due to increased metabolic requirements, the daily need for vitamin C increases. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of 500 mg and more vitamin C intake on COVID-19 infection during the pandemic process.
Material and Method: A group consisting of 100 participants who received vitamin C supplements at a daily dose of at least 500 mg daily for a minimum of 1-3 months in their diet and a control group of 100 people who did not receive vitamin supplements were included in the study. While determining the amount of Vitamin C intake of the participants; The amount of Vitamin C in oral food supplements or foods containing vitamin C in their diets (orange, tangerine, grapefruit, kiwi, pineapple, strawberry, lemon, red and green peppers, tomatoes, arugula, parsley, greens such as lettuce, fresh rosehip, broccoli, cabbage, spinach) The vitamin level was calculated according to the amount of vegetables (such as vegetables). None of the participants had side effects suggestive of vitamin C toxicity. Besides the height, weight, gender, age, known illness and other demographic data of all participants; COVID-19 disease status, contact with COVID-19 patients, and whether or not they had a COVID infection after contact were examined. In addition, data on the presence of symptoms, severity and duration of the disease were noted in patients with COVID-19 infection, and both groups were compared statistically in terms of results.
Results: In the group receiving less than 500 mg daily; COVID-19 infection symptoms, respiratory distress, disease severity were found to be higher, and the symptoms were found to be more aggressive. While total contact and high-risk contact at all levels was higher in the group that received more than 500 mg of vitamin C daily, the rate of being COVID was lower compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: One of the most effective precautions to be taken to increase body resistance against COVID-19 is adequate vitamin C intake. In the study, it has been shown that adequate vitamin C taken with both food and nutritional supplements reduce the risk of getting COVID-19, reduce the risk of severe respiratory distress on COVID-19, as well as reduce both symptoms and symptom duration.