bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest dieback in a protected area triggers the return of the primeval forest specialistPeltis grossa(Coleoptera, Trogossitidae)
Authors: Busse Annika , Cizek Lukas , Čížková Pavla , Drag Lukas , Dvorak Vladimir , Foit Jiří , Heurich Marco , Hubený Pavel , Kašák Josef , Kittler Florian , Kozel Petr , Lettenmaier Ludwig , Nigl Ludwig , Procházka Jiří , Rothacher Julia , Straubinger Cornelia , Thorn Simon , Müller Jörg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractForest set‐aside is a commonly employed conservation strategy, but large‐scale disturbances regularly evoke discussions on its utility for biodiversity conservation in former production forests. In this study, we reconstructed the return of a primeval forest specialist, the beetlePeltis grossa(Linnaeus, 1758) of the family Trogossitidae, to two national parks after more than a century of absence. To illuminate historical processes and the role of potential refuges and species' size, we compared the beetle's current distribution collected in a large‐scale citizen science approach, with historical data and the current distribution of two closely related, smaller species. We quantified deadwood preferences and investigated the effect of benign neglect versus salvage‐logging management practices onP. grossaabundances. Our findings support the view thatP. grossasurvived in the southern Bohemian Forest, which enabled its recolonization of the landscapes. However, a build‐up of the population was dependent upon a massive supply of deadwood by bark beetles within the refuge area. In a large area in the north of the study region that >20 years ago contained ample amounts of deadwood, forest succession outpaced colonization byP. grossa. The current probability of the species' presence decreased with distance to the presumed refuge area from 70% to 5% at 40 km. In the present core distribution area ofP. grossa, salvage logging reduced its abundance by the factor 20. These results provide three important lessons on the potential of natural disturbances as a biodiversity restoration tool in forest set‐asides: First, large supply of deadwood by disturbance can trigger the return of locally extinct primeval forest specialists. Second, the species must survive within a critical distance (forP. grossa < 10–40 km). Third, salvage logging significantly reduces the population densities of forest specialists by reducing habitat amount.
The last continuous grasslands on Earth: Identification and conservation importance
Authors: Scholtz Rheinhardt , Twidwell Dirac 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGrasslands are the most threatened and least protected biome. Yet, no study has been conducted to identify the last remaining continuous grasslands on Earth. Here, we used World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifications to measure the degree of intactness remaining for the world's grassland ecoregions. This analysis revealed three findings of critical conservation importance. First, only a few large, intact grasslands remain. Second, every continent with a grassland ecoregion considered in this study contains at least one relatively intact grassland ecoregion. Third, the largest remaining continuous grasslands identified in this analysis have persisted despite last centuries anthropogenic pressures and have the best chance to withstand 21st century pressures of global change. We discuss how these regions are of critical conservation importance to global grassland conservation efforts under anthropogenically driven global change. They provide essential ecosystem services, play an important role in mitigating the effects of climate change, serve as critical repositories for grassland biodiversity, are foundational for continental migration pathways, hold unique cultural heritage, and people's livelihoods depend upon their persistence.
The prevalence and associated factors of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in multiple ethnic middle‐aged to older adults in west China: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sun Xuelian , Harris Kiyana Elizabeth , Hou Lisha , Xia Xin , Liu Xiaolei , Ge Meiling , Jia Shuli , Zhou Lixing , Zhao Wanyu , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yunli , Mei Yang , Zhang Gongchang , Xin Liuyi , Hao Qiukui , Shen Yanjiao , Xiao Chun , Yue Jirong , Ge Ning , Li Ying , Dong Birong , Xue Qianli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMotoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait has been proposed and validated as a pre‐dementia syndrome. The overall and specific ethnic prevalence of MCR and the associated factors are poorly understood in middle‐aged to older community‐dwelling residents in west China.MethodsThe present study included 6091 samples from the prospective cohort study, West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT). Multidimensional factors of demography, lifestyle, social support, anthropometrics and body components, and clinical status were investigated and analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Lasso regression and K‐fold cross‐validation were conducted to construct the most predictive model with fitted factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MCR was 9.74%, and ethnically the prevalence was 14.25% in Tibetan, 11.03% in Yi, 10.72% in Han, 5.18% in Uighur and 4.55% in Qiang, respectively. In the adjusted models, the positively associated risk factors included diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, p = 0.007), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.50, p = 0.002), depression (OR = 1.36, p = 0.005), poor sleep (OR = 1.21, p = 0.045), comorbidity (OR = 1.49, p = 0.001) and falls in the last 12 months (OR = 1.34, p = 0.031). Of note, every 1‐unit increase of value in stroke was associated with an approximate 3‐fold higher risk of having MCR, whilst in high‐density lipoprotein with a 30% lower risk of MCR,respectively.ConclusionsProfiles of MCR from the aspects of ethnicity and the presenium stage need further exploration. It is a promising strategy to apply MCR as a primary prevention tool to prevent dementia.
Complications, outcome and owner satisfaction after Callicrate Bander phallectomy and perineal urethrostomy in 14 equids
Authors: Maurer T. , Brünisholz H. P. , O'Brien T. , Coleridge M. , Klopfenstein‐Bregger M. D. , Koch C. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe use of a bander castration device (Callicrate Bander) to perform partial phallectomy in combination with a perineal urethrostomy (PU) has previously been described to be an effective and well‐tolerated procedure in standing sedated horses.ObjectivesThe main objective of the present report is to share our experiences with the combined Callicrate Bander phallectomy (CBP) and PU (CBP/PU) focussing on potential complications, outcome and owner satisfaction.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsMedical records of 14 male equids that underwent CBP/PU at two different equine referral hospitals between 2012 and 2020 were reviewed. A long‐term follow‐up was conducted by telephone interview with the owners using a standardised questionnaire.ResultsEquids underwent CBP/PU to treat penile and preputial squamous cell carcinomas (11/14), equine sarcoids (2/14) and penile abscessation and paraphimosis after trauma (1/14). Early post‐operative complications were mild and included transient post‐urination haemorrhage, perineal or preputial oedema and partial dehiscence of the PU. Complications that required further veterinary care in the immediate post‐operative period occurred in one animal, which had haemorrhage at the amputation site with subsequent haematoma and oedema formation, causing moderate signs of post‐operative pain. Complications encountered after discharge from the clinic comprised transient urine leakage at the amputation site, transient purulent preputial discharge, abscessation of the penile remnant and urine staining of the hind legs, tail and/or perineum. Four equids were euthanased because of tumour recurrence.Main limitationsVariable case details provided in the medical records, and information regarding the post‐operative healing process were mainly based on owner assessment.ConclusionsCallicrate Bander phallectomy/perineal urethrostomy is a well‐tolerated salvage procedure for male equids with debilitating conditions of the penis and prepuce. Severe post‐operative complications are rare. If advanced stages of penile SCC are expected, careful case selection based on a rigorous preoperative examination is mandatory. Owner satisfaction with the post‐operative result is high.
Natural sources of melanogenic inhibitors: A systematic review
Authors: Goelzer Neto Cláudio Fernando , do Nascimento Pamela , da Silveira Verônica Cristina , de Mattos Alexandra Brugnera Nunes , Bertol Charise Dallazem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveMelanin gives some natural protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation; however, excessive production of melanin causes skin hyperpigmentation. Depigmenting cosmetics can be used to control this process; however, depigmenting agents commonly used have some disadvantages, such as low bioavailability, photosensitization, cellular toxicity, and insolubility. Natural sources of melanogenic inhibitors have become important alternatives to synthetic ones. The objective of this review was to summarize the results of studies on natural extracts that have been reported in the literature to inhibit the process of melanogenesis, giving a view on their suitability for potential use in new cosmetic formulations for skin‐lightening.Data sourcesA systematic literature search was carried out using the descriptors: “melanogenesis”, “tyrosinase”, “tyrosinase inhibition”, and “natural agents”.Study selectionPublications were selected based on our designated inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 15 studies met these criteria.Data extractionThe following were used in the review of each paper which met the criteria: the name of the plant (all of the natural extracts turned out to be from plants), the method used to obtain the plant extract, the method for evaluating anti‐tyrosinase activity, the main results, and the conclusions.Data synthesisAll evaluated natural agents demonstrated anti‐tyrosinase effect. The species Leathesia difformis, Morus alba, Orostachys japonicus, Heracleum moellendorffii, Coix lacryma‐jobi (adlay), Inula brittanica, and Gailardia aristata stood out from the others due to their application as potential inhibitors of more than three proteins related to melanogenesis, including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element‐binding protein, microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1, tyrosinase‐related protein‐2, and dopachrome tautomerase.ConclusionThe plants present an anti‐tyrosinase effect that must be better explored in the new cosmetic formulations. The anti‐melanogenic effects of the plant are mainly related to the presence of phenolic and antioxidant compounds.
Efficacy of one‐ and two‐stage segment urethroplasty for severe chordee with congenital short urethra
Authors: Zhou Guanglun , Yin Jianchun , Sun Junjie , Yang Zhilin , Li Shoulin 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of segment urethroplasty to treat severe chordee with congenital short urethra and compared one‐stage and two‐stage segment urethroplasty. This procedure involved urethral transection to correct the chordee, and urethroplasty was performed to restore natural penile length.MethodsWe retrospectively studied a cohort of patients with severe chordee and congenital short urethra who underwent one‐ or two‐stage segment urethroplasty at our institution between February 2006 and May 2020. We evaluated the efficacy of the procedures based on the incidence of complications.ResultsA total of 37 children were included in this study: 25 were treated with two‐stage segment urethroplasty and 12 were treated with one‐stage segment urethroplasty. The median length of neourethra in the one‐stage repair group (3.21 cm) was similar to that in the two‐stage repair group (3.23 cm; P > 0.05). Of the 37 patients, 32 (86.5%) were cured after urethroplasty. There were three patients with complications in the one‐stage repair group (one urethral fistula and two urethral strictures) and two patients with fistula in the two‐stage repair group. Among the five patients with complications, the three fistulas were successfully repaired through reoperation and the two urethral strictures were cured after urethral dilatation. No patient had diverticulum or recurrent chordee.ConclusionsSegment urethroplasty achieved satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of severe chordee with congenital short urethra. This can restore natural penile length, and the recurrence rate of severe chordee is low. The overall success rate of the two‐stage procedure tends to be better than that of the one‐stage procedure.
Central Bank Digital Currency, Credit Supply, and Financial Stability
Authors: KIM YOUNG SIK , KWON OHIK 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examine the implications of central bank digital currency (CBDC) for credit supply and financial stability using a monetary general equilibrium model. The introduction of deposits in CBDC account decreases credit supply by banks, raising the nominal interest rate and lowering a bank's reserve‐deposit ratio. This increases the likelihood of bank panic in which banks exhaust cash reserves. However, once the central bank can lend all the deposits in CBDC account to banks, an increase in the quantity of CBDC which does not require reserve holdings can enhance financial stability by increasing credit supply and lowering nominal interest rate.
The effect of parental job loss on youth transition to employment in Turkey
Authors: Karaoglan Deniz , Okten Cagla 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the impact of household head's involuntary job loss on young person's (15–24 years old) likelihood to transition from non‐employment to employment. We construct twelve two‐year pseudo‐panels based on previous year's labour market outcomes using Turkish Household Labor Force Surveys (THLFS) from 2005 to 2016 and then pool the twelve pseudo‐panels for analysis. We examine youth's labour market responses according to education levels and gender. We show that a female with at least a high school degree is about 8.7 percentage points more likely to transition to from non‐employment to employment in the group where the head experienced an unexpected job loss than a female in the group where the head remained employed. Furthermore, for females, the probability of transitioning to employment increases by education level. For males, although we find positive and statistically significant effect of head's job loss on the transition probability, we do not find any differences according to education level.
Structural Rationality and the Property of Coherence
Authors: Daoust Marc‐Kevin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhat is structural rationality? Specifically, what is the distinctive feature of structural requirements of rationality? Some philosophers have argued, roughly, that the distinctive feature of structural requirements is coherence. But what does coherence mean, exactly? Or, at least, what do structuralists about rationality have in mind when they claim that structural rationality is coherence? This issue matters for making progress in various active debates concerning rationality. In this paper, I analyze three strategies for figuring out what coherence means in the debates on structural rationality. I argue that these strategies face problems.
“Figuring out how to be normal”: Exploring how young people and parents make sense of voice‐hearing in the family context
Authors: Mayer Claire , Dodgson Guy , Woods Angela , Alderson‐Day Ben 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesMaking sense of voice‐hearing—exploring the purpose, cause, and relationship with voices—is seen as therapeutically valuable for adults, but there is a paucity of research with adolescents. Family intervention is recommended for young people, yet little is known about families’ perspectives on, or role in, a child's voice‐hearing. This study therefore aimed to explore how both young people and parents had made sense of voice‐hearing in the family context.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven young people who hear voices (six females, one male, age M = 17 years) and six parents of young people who hear voices (five females, one male). Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe young people struggled to reconcile their voice‐hearing experiences within themselves, wanted control, ‘normality’, and not to let their mental health hold them back. Parents saw the voices as separate to their child, who they were protective of, and came to an acceptance and hope for the future amidst continued uncertainty. Pragmatism, and shame, ran through parents’ and young people's accounts. Tensions between them, such as autonomy versus involvement, were also apparent.ConclusionsFew participants had made sense of their experiences in any concrete form, yet hope, control, and getting on with their lives were not conditional on having done so. Young people valued the family as a safe, non‐enquiring space to be ‘normal’ and not to talk about their experiences. While all had been challenged by their experiences, an energy and strength ran through their accounts.
Distinct soil microbial communities under Ageratina adenophora invasions
Authors: Li Q. , Wan F. , Zhao M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Ageratina adenophora is one of the most hazardous invasive weeds in China. It can form a single species community quickly and cause extensive ecological harm. The belowground microbial community can participate in nutrient transformation in soil and plays an important role in the invasiveness of exotic plant species.

We selected sampling sites with different invasion levels of A. adenophora. The soil property and soil biogeochemical activity were measured in both bulk and rhizosphere soil under the aggressive weed A. adenophora and under adjacent native plants. The composition of bacterial communities was investigated using high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

We found that the rhizosphere habitat selectively accumulated Sphingomonas and Steroidobacter and reduced the abundance of Gaiella and Gp6 regardless of plant host. The presence of A. adenophora caused a switch in microbial composition from Aeromicrobium and Marmoricola to Reyranella and Bradyrhizobium in the bulk soil, and from Gp4, Pirellula, Lysobacter and Aridibacterrae to Reyranella and Streptomyces in the rhizosphere soil. We also revealed specific microbes that closely related with N‐cycling processes. In addition, soil pH was the main factor affecting microbial communities in both bulk and rhizosphere soil.

Our study confirmed that the rhizosphere environment imposed homogenous microbial communities. The invasion of A. adenophora selected specialized bacterial communities in soils and specific microbes that potentially mediated soil nutrition cycling. Our findings provide ecological explanation to explain how the underground microbes help A. adenophora invasive.
Some Parents Survive and Some Don't: The Army and the Family as “Greedy Institutions”
Authors: Strader Eiko , Smith Margaret 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe military and the family are “greedy institutions” that require the full attention of their members. Being aware of the tension between work and family, the United States military has developed family support policies that are more generous than legally required to ensure personnel readiness. However, family formation remains a major obstacle for recruitment, retention, and integration of women. Using administrative data, this research shows that fathers were more likely to leave prematurely for family reasons than childless men, particularly among non‐Hispanic Black and American Indian/Alaska Native men. However, women who gave birth while in service were much less likely to leave for work–family reasons than childless women, while the same could not be said for women who joined as mothers and had no additional children. The results reflect the gendered logic of the organization and the narrow conceptualization of work–family conflict, both of which perpetuate gender‐role stereotypes.
WHAT IS NATURAL THEOLOGY? (AND SHOULD WE DISPENSE WITH IT?)
Authors: Harrison Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a series of impressive works, Alister McGrath has made a major contribution to contemporary natural theology. The natural theology he has in mind is not the “established” variety, which seeks to provide rational support for religious beliefs from nonreligious premises. Rather, it is an explicitly Christian natural theology that involves “seeing” the world through the lens of Christian revelation. Nevertheless, McGrath seems to hold that a sufficiently capacious understanding of natural theology can encompass both the established version and the broader vision that constitutes his own project. This article suggests that there is a significant tension between these two conceptions of natural theology. It argues that the supposedly “established” version of natural theology was never really established within the Christian tradition to any significant degree, but was instead belatedly projected onto it for various reasons. The historical tradition comports with McGrath's project, but not with his generous comprehension of the established conception within a genuinely Christian natural theology.
Estimation of Vehicle–Trailer Hitch-Forces and Lateral Tire Forces Independent of Trailer Type and Geometry
Authors: Habibnejad Korayem Amin , Hashemi Ehsan , Khajepour Amir , Fidan Baris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new approach in estimating the lateral tire forces and hitch-forces of a vehicle–trailer system is introduced. It is shown that the proposed hitch-force estimation is independent of trailer mass and geometry, by utilizing the vehicle velocity, acceleration, torque engine, wheel's speed, and steering angle measurements. The designed lateral tire forces and hitch-force estimations' algorithm can be used for any ball type trailer without any priori information on the trailer parameters. A vehicle–trailer dynamic model is proposed to design an observer for the estimation of the hitch-forces and lateral tire forces. Simulations' studies in carsim along with experimental tests are used to validate the presented method. The results confirm the accuracy of the developed observer, and the experimental tests' results show that there is a good agreement between the estimated and actual lateral tire forces as well as the hitch-forces.
Evaluasi Klinikopatologis Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa yang Berkembang dari Ulkus Marjolin
Authors: Kharisma Anggie , Retnani Diah , Susilo Hery 
Published: January 2022

Pendahuluan: Ulkus Marjolin adalah suatu proses keganasan pada kulit yang diakibatkan oleh proses trauma atau inflamasi kronis. Keganasan ini bersifat jarang dan agresif. Karsinoma sel skuamosa (KSS) adalah manifestasi tersering akibat luka bakar.
Ilustrasi Kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 51 tahun datang ke Ruma Sakit Saiful Anwar Malang dengan keluhan benjolan seperti kembang kol pada lengan atas tangan kanan sejak 8 bulan yang lalu. Benjolan awalnya kecil sebesar ujung jari (1cm), lalu semakin membesar. Pasien mengalami luka bakar di badan setelah terkena siraman bensin 33 tahun yang lalu. Pasien juga mengeluhkan sensasi nyeri dan bau busuk pada area benjolan.
Kesimpulan: Proses inflamasi memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan ulkus Marjolin.