bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of steady-state aerobic exercise intensity and duration on the relationship between reserves of heart rate and oxygen uptake
Authors: Ferri Marini Carlo , Federici Ario , Skinner James S. , Piccoli Giovanni , Stocchi Vilberto , Zoffoli Luca , Correale Luca , Dell’Anna Stefano , Naldini Carlo Alberto , Vandoni Matteo , Lucertini Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Background
The percentages of heart rate (%HRR) or oxygen uptake (%V̇O2R) reserve are used interchangeably for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity due to their assumed 1:1 relationship, although its validity is debated. This study aimed to assess if %HRR and %V̇O2R show a 1:1 relationship during steady-state exercise (SSE) and if exercise intensity and duration affect their relationship.

Methods
Eight physically active males (age 22.6 ± 1.2 years) were enrolled. Pre-exercise and maximal HR and V̇O2 were assessed on the first day. In the following 4 days, different SSEs were performed (running) combining the following randomly assigned durations and intensities: 15 min, 45 min, 60% HRR, 80% HRR. Post-exercise maximal HR and V̇O2 were assessed after each SSE. Using pre-exercise and post-exercise maximal values, the average HR and V̇O2 of the last 5 min of each SSE were converted into percentages of the reserves (%RES), which were computed in a 3-way RM-ANOVA (α = 0.05) to assess if they were affected by the prescription parameter (HRR or V̇O2R), exercise intensity (60% or 80% HRR), and duration (15 or 45 min).

Results
The %RES values were not affected by the prescription parameter (p = 0.056) or its interactions with intensity (p = 0.319) or duration and intensity (p = 0.117), while parameter and duration interaction was significant (p = 0.009). %HRRs and %V̇O2Rs did not differ in the 15-min SSEs (mean difference [MD] = 0.7 percentage points, p = 0.717), whereas %HRR was higher than %V̇O2R in the 45-min SSEs (MD = 6.7 percentage points, p = 0.009).

Conclusion
SSE duration affects the %HRR-%V̇O2R relationship, with %HRRs higher than %V̇O2Rs in SSEs of longer duration.
Diagnostic Value of Trans-vaginal Sono- Elastography in Discrimination of Cervical Neoplasms
Authors: Hedia Asmaa Said Mohamed , Badawy Manal Ezzat , Ali Rania Essam-el-dein Mohamed , El-dorf Ayman Abd Elaziz 
Published: April 2022

Background: Trans-vaginal ultrasound is the most widely used imaging method to screen women with cervical cancer and other cervical masses, due to its wide availability, low cost and no radiation.
Aim of the Work: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the role of sono-elastography in differentiating benign from malignant cervical masses. Benign tumours are typically soft, but malignant ones are typically hard.
Patients and Methods: The study was carried out on thirty patients, who referred to Tanta Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, for evaluation of clinically suspected cervical masses, during the period from March 2018 till December 2020. Their age ranged from 37 years to 66 years with a mean age of 49.73 (±7.65 SD) years.
Results: This Prospective study was carried out on thirty patients, who referred to Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, for evaluation of clinically suspected cervical masses. Their age ranged from 37 years to 66 years old with a mean age of 49.73 years (±7.65 SD).
Conclusions: Transvaginal sonographic elastography is a promising diagnostic tool that can be used in combination with conventional sonography to distinguish malignant from benign endometrial lesions. Both qualitative and quantitative methods can be used to enhance elastography's diagnostic performance, and SR has showed excellent diagnostic performance.
Downward Homogenized Crystallization for Inverted Wide‐Bandgap Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with 21% Efficiency and Suppressed Photo‐Induced Halide Segregation
Authors: Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Liang Jianghu , Zhang Zhanfei , Jiang Jinkun , Wang Jianli , Huang Ying , Tian Congcong , Wang Luyao , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Chun‐Chao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMixed‐halide perovskite has an irreplaceable role as wide‐bandgap absorber in multi‐junction tandem solar cells. However, large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss due to non‐uniform halide distribution and compromised device stability due to photo‐induced halide segregation has significantly limited the applications. Here, it is introduced 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (ABF) with multifunctional groups (sulfonyl, ammonium, and fluoride) to the mixed‐halide precursor to demonstrate a downward homogenized crystallization strategy for suppressing the initial vertical halide phase separation during perovskite crystallization and reducing Voc loss. Furthermore, fluoride with strong electronegativity effectively fixes anions and cations, while sulfonyl and ammonium are used to passivate positive charged (halide vacancies) and negative charged (FA/MA vacancies) defects, respectively, thereby reducing the generation of ion vacancies that lead to subsequent photo‐induced halide segregation. As a result, the 1.63 and 1.68 eV wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells with inverted structures exhibit the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.76% and 20.11% with Voc of 1.18 and 1.21 V, respectively. Most importantly, the optimized devices without encapsulation preserve 86% of initial efficiency after 240 h of continuous illumination under AM 1.5G, showing excellent light stability. Thus, the homogenized crystallization strategy provides highly efficient performance and stability for future tandem solar cell applications.
Design of Double‐Network Click‐Gels for Self‐Contained Underwater Adhesion and Energy‐Wise Applications in Floating Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Shuxue , Li Shuai , Li Na , Wang Chuanfei , Cui Guo , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFacile fabrication of rapid, firm, and reversible underwater adhesion used on different adherets is challenging but is of primary importance for many industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, tough, stretchy, moldable, and semitransparent gels are developed for self‐contained underwater adhesives. The selected structural components, well‐defined double‐network (DN) structures, and one‐pot synthesis realize synergistic adhesion and cohesion engineering, which deliver instant, solid, reversible, and long‐term adhesives with a high underwater adhesion strength of over 0.84 MPa. The underwater adhesion strength is among the best‐performing tape‐type underwater adhesives. In order to develop new energy‐related applications for underwater adhesion, the first example of combining underwater adhesion with solar power applications is demonstrated. Taking the benefits of the direct‐contact design at the air/water interface, the click‐gel‐mounted floating photovoltaic (FPV) system significantly increases the power conversion efficiency by 20% due to the enhanced active cooling effects, surpassing several conventional photovoltaic technologies on both land and water. The click‐gel also rapidly responds to several oscillatory motions on the FPV platform. This study shines a light on the facile fabrication of DN click‐gels for underwater adhesives and provides their future perspectives in energy‐wise, low‐maintenance, and stimuli‐responsive applications.
Two‐Photon Excited Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence Based on Secondary Supramolecular Confinement
Authors: Ma Xin‐Kun , Zhou Xiaolu , Wu Jing , Shen Fang‐Fang , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic phosphorescence materials have received wide attention in bioimaging for bio‐low toxicity and large Stokes. Herein, a design strategy to achieve near‐infrared (NIR) excitation and emission of organic room‐temperature phosphorescence through two‐stage confinement supramolecular assembly is presented. Via supramolecular macrocyclic confinement, the host–guest complexes exhibit phosphorescence with two‐photon absorption (excitation wavelength up to 890 nm) and NIR emission (emission wavelength up to 800 nm) in aqueous solution, and further nano‐confinement assembly significantly strengthens phosphorescence. Moreover, the nano‐assemblies possess color‐tunable luminescence spanning from the visible to NIR regions under different excitation wavelengths. Intriguingly, the prepared water‐soluble assemblies maintain two‐photon absorption and multicolor luminescence in cells or vivo.
SelectfluorTM‐Mediated Tandem Fluorination and 1,3‐Carbonyl Migration in ortho‐Carbonyl Anilines: Charge‐Transfer‐Enabled ortho‐Selectivity
Authors: Garia Alankrita , Kumar Sharvan , Jain Nidhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn unprecedented tandem ortho‐selective fluorination and 1,3‐carbonyl migration in ortho‐carbonyl anilines using selectfluorTM as the sole reagent is reported. The reaction is transition‐metal free, does not require any pre‐functionalization, takes place under ambient conditions, and yields ortho‐fluoroanilide derivatives in moderate to good yields. SelectfluorTM serves the dual purpose of fluorine source and assists 1,3‐carbonyl migration. The formation of proposed charge transfer (CT) complex between ortho‐carbonyl aniline (donor) and selectfluorTM (acceptor), and its role in enabling the observed ortho‐selectivity is supported by experimental and computational investigations. The single‐electron‐transfer (SET) in the complex results in the formation of (2‐amino‐3‐fluorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone intermediate, which on subsequent 1,3‐carbonyl migration forms ortho‐fluoroanilide in presence of F+ or in‐situ generated H+.
Theory‐Guided Regulation of FeN4Spin State by Neighboring Cu Atoms for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis in Flexible Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: He Ting , Chen Yang , Liu Qiming , Lu Bingzhang , Song Xianwen , Liu Hongtao , Liu Min , Liu You‐Nian , Zhang Yi , Ouyang Xiaoping , Chen Shaowei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron, nitrogen‐codoped carbon (Fe−N−C) nanocomposites have emerged as viable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the formation of FeNxCycoordination moieties. In this study, results from first‐principles calculations show a nearly linear correlation of the energy barriers of key reaction steps with the Fe magnetic moment. Experimentally, when single Cu sites are incorporated into Fe−N−C aerogels (denoted as NCAG/Fe−Cu), the Fe centers exhibit a reduced magnetic moment and markedly enhanced ORR activity within a wide pH range of 0–14. With the NCAG/Fe−Cu nanocomposites used as the cathode catalyst in a neutral/quasi‐solid aluminum–air and alkaline/quasi‐solid zinc–air battery, both achieve a remarkable performance with an ultrahigh open‐circuit voltage of 2.00 and 1.51 V, large power density of 130 and 186 mW cm−2, and good mechanical flexibility, all markedly better than those with commercial Pt/C or Pt/C‐RuO2catalysts at the cathode.
Doubling the Length of the Longest Pyrene‐Pyrazinoquinoxaline Molecular Nanoribbons
Authors: Hernández‐Culebras Félix , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecular nanoribbons are a class of atomically‐precise nanomaterials for a broad range of applications. An iterative approach that allows doubling the length of the longest pyrene‐pyrazinoquinoxaline molecular nanoribbons is described. The largest nanoribbon obtained through this approach—with a 60 linearly‐fused ring backbone (14.9 nm) and a 324‐atoms core (C276N48)—shows an extremely high molar absorptivity (values up to 1 198 074 M−1 cm−1) that also endows it with a high molar fluorescence brightness (8700 M−1 cm−1).
Anomalous Redox Features Induced by Strong Covalency in Layered NaTi1−yVyS2 Cathodes for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Tian , Huang Tao‐Qing , Li Xun‐Lu , Ma Lu , Wang Yu‐Ke , Qiao Yan , Gao Shang‐Peng , Shadike Zulipiya , Fu Zheng‐Wen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rising demand for energy density of cathodes means the need to raise the voltage or capacity of cathodes. Transition metal (TM) doping has been employed to enhance the electrochemical properties in multiple aspects. The redox voltage of doped cathodes usually falls in between the voltage of undoped layered cathodes. However, we found anomalous redox features in NaTi1−yVyS2. The first discharge platform potential (2.4 V) is significantly higher than that of undoped NaTiS2 and NaVS2 (both around 2.2 V), and the energy density is raised by 15 %. We speculate that the anomalous voltage is mainly attributed to the strong hybridization in the Ti−V−S system. Ti3+ and V3+ undergo charge transfer and form a more stable Ti (t2g0eg0) and V (t2g3eg0) electronic configuration. Our results indicate that higher voltage of cathode materials could be achieved by strong TM‐ligand covalency, and this conclusion provides possible opportunities to explore high voltage materials for future layered cathodes.
Conversion therapy with the intent to perform radical local treatment may not be suitable for patients with 10 or more liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Junzhong , Sun Hui , Zhang Weili , Hong Zhigang , Lu Zhenhai , Pan Zhizhong , Hou Zhenlin , Peng Jianhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe number of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs) is usually considered a contradictory indicator to surgical resection. However, some patients with initially unresectable CRLMs can receive radical local treatment after conversion therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of radical local treatment after conversion therapy and the prognosis of patients with more than 10 initially unresectable CRLMs.MethodsData for a total of 229 patients with initially unresectable CRLMs were retrospectively reviewed between December 2012 and January 2020. Among these patients, 107 had ≥10 CRLMs, and 122 had <10 CRLMs. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were used to reflect the prognosis of different groups of patients. Conversion therapy was defined as an initially unresectable liver metastasis converted into an R0 resectable lesion after systemic chemotherapy. Radical local treatment included hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).ResultsPatients with ≥10 CRLMs had a lower conversion rate (42.7% vs. 56.6%, p = 0.001). Baseline clinical N stage 1–2, ≥8 first‐line chemotherapy courses, and stable disease (SD) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) were independent factors predictive of conversion failure. Primary tumour location in the right colon, RECIST response of SD, and the absence of targeted therapy were independent factors predictive of unfavourable OS. The survival curves revealed that the OS of patients with or without conversion could be distinguished only among patients with <10 CRLMs (89.9% [95% CI, 82.5%–98.0%] vs. 58.9% [95% CI, 45.2%–76.7%], p < 0.001); this cut‐off point could also distinguish patients with a successful conversion outcome according to OS (89.9% [95% CI, 82.5–98.0%] vs. 58.2% [95% CI, 42.2–80.4%], p = 0.008).ConclusionFor CRLMs ≥ 10, patients with a successful conversion outcome cannot be distinguished from those without successful conversion outcome according to OS. Thus, conversion therapy with the intent to perform radical local treatment may not be suitable for patients with 10 or more liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
Antibody‐Recruitment as a Therapeutic Strategy: A Brief History and Recent Advances
Authors: Charles Winter Z. , Faries Cierra R. , Street Ya'hnis T. , Flowers Lyrik S. , McNaughton Brian R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAntibodies are a significant and growing sector within the global pharmaceutical industry. The popularity of antibodies as therapeutics derives from – at least in part – evolvable affinity for virtually any disease‐relevant cell surface receptor, as well as unique immunotherapeutic mechanisms of action, including neutralization, antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). While advances in the large‐scale expression and purification of therapeutic antibodies have been made, these remain costly and laborious tasks. Agents that redirect endogenous antibodies to target a pathogen or malignant cell obviate the need for new antibody discovery and production. Chimeric antibody‐recruiting technologies consist of a target cell surface receptor binding domain, and an endogenous antibody‐binding domain. By design, these agents bring endogenous antibodies to the surface of a target pathogen or diseased cell, which can result in targeted cytotoxicity by antibody‐dependent mechanisms. This review highlights seminal contributions and recent advances in this growing and important therapeutic field.
Case of concurrent factor VII and factor XI deficiencies manifesting as spontaneous lower extremity compartment syndrome
Authors: Marshalek Joseph P. , Yashar David , Huynh Karen , Tomassetti Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFactor VII and XI deficiencies are rare bleeding disorders typically associated with mild or provoked bleeding. This case report describes a patient with factor VII and XI deficiencies with an unprovoked episode of lower extremity hematoma causing compartment syndrome requiring multiple surgeries, extensive transfusion of blood products, and ultimately amputation.
Challenges for parents of color in children's STEM career aspiration
Authors: Oh Seungbin , Shillingford‐Butler Ann , Plocha Aleksandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA wide range of resources have been utilized to promote interest and motivation of students of color in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) professions. Parents have a critical role in supporting their children's career interest and development; however, little literature exists on the unique experiences and challenges faced by parents of color who are involved in their children's career exploration in STEM professions. This phenomenological qualitative study examined the experiences of parents of color regarding their (a) knowledge and beliefs about STEM professions, (b) unique challenges in supporting their children's STEM career interest, and (c) experiences with school counselors in promoting their children's STEM career trajectory. Five resulting themes are discussed, and implications are provided for school counselors.
The Career Development Quarterly: Author and article characteristics from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Gonsalves Gala , Menzies Alyson , Erford Bradley T. , Zhou Yi , Crockett Stephanie A. , Byrd Rebekah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAuthor and article characteristics in CDQ articles from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed for trends over time with a special focus on the past 5 years and upon research articles. At this time (2015–2019), nearly 60% of CDQ authors are women, and only 5% of authors are not affiliated with a university. Nearly a fourth of all lead authors reside outside of the United States. From 2015 to 2019, nearly 85% of all CDQ articles published were research articles, and qualitative studies increased significantly. Nearly all other methodological, participant, sample, and statistical characteristics were stable over time. Report of effect sizes and study validity trended toward increases over time, while 81% of research studies reported relevant study reliability results.
Enzymatic Biosensors with Electrochemiluminescence Transduction
Authors: Rahmawati Isnaini , Einaga Yasuaki , Ivandini Tribidasari A. , Fiorani Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSensors rely on a plurality of transduction methods, and among the available selections, electrochemical techniques offer the peculiar advantage of an easy interfacing between biological recognition elements and electronic signal transduction processes. Furthermore, electrochemical devices are qualified for decentralized point‐of‐care testing as they can be easily downsized and made at low cost for a wide range of potential applications, for example biomedical or environmental. Electrochemical methods of transduction differ for the technique used, as it can be voltammetry, chronoamperometry, impedance spectroscopy, or electrochemiluminescence. The latter is peculiar among electrochemical techniques since in electrochemiluminescence the analytical signal is light emission, and this offers several advantages, mainly related to background suppression and detection limit, combined with fast measurement. This review introduces the principles of enzyme biosensors coupled with electrochemiluminescence transduction, summarises the research, and finally highlights the strategies to take full advantage of this detection method.
Vitamin D concentrations and breast cancer incidence among Black/African American and non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women
Authors: O’Brien Katie M. , Harmon Quaker E. , Jackson Chandra L. , Diaz‐Santana Mary V. , Taylor Jack A. , Weinberg Clarice R. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundVitamin D may protect against breast cancer. Although Black/African American women and Hispanic/Latina women have lower circulating vitamin D levels than non‐Hispanic White women, few studies have examined the association between vitamin D and breast cancer within these racial/ethnic groups.MethodsThe vitamin D–breast cancer association was evaluated using a case‐cohort sample of self‐identified Black/African American and non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women participating in the US‐wide Sister Study cohort. Circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in blood samples collected at the baseline from 415 women (290 Black/African American women and 125 non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women) who developed breast cancer. These were compared to concentrations in 1545 women (1084 Black/African American women and 461 Hispanic/Latina women) randomly selected from the cohort. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 9.2 years, women with circulating 25(OH)D concentrations above the clinical cut point for deficiency (20.0 ng/mL) had lower breast cancer rates than women with concentrations ≤ 20 ng/mL (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61‐1.02). The inverse association was strongest among Hispanic/Latina women (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.93), with a weaker association observed among Black/African American women (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.18; P for heterogeneity = 0.13). There were no clear differences by menopausal status, follow‐up time, estrogen receptor status, or invasiveness. Neither 24,25(OH)2D nor the 24,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D ratio were independently associated with breast cancer risk.ConclusionsThis prospective study supports the hypothesis that vitamin D may be protective against breast cancer incidence in women, including non‐Black Hispanic/Latina and Black/African American women.LAY SUMMARY

Vitamin D may protect against breast cancer.

Although women of color have lower average vitamin D levels than non‐Hispanic White women, few studies have considered the role of race/ethnicity.

In a sample of self‐identified Black/African American and Hispanic/Latina women, we observed that vitamin D concentrations measured in blood were inversely associated with breast cancer, particularly among Latinas.

These findings indicate that vitamin D may protect women against breast cancer, including those in racial/ethnic groups with low average circulating levels.