bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure ulcer prevalence and prevention interventions – A ten‐year nationwide survey in Sweden
Authors: Källman Ulrika , Hommel Ami , Borgstedt Risberg Madeleine , Gunningberg Lena , Sving Eva , Bååth Carina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe pressure ulcer prevalence and prevention interventions in hospital care in Sweden based on nationwide surveys conducted over a 10‐year period. All Swedish hospitals were invited to participate in annual pressure ulcer prevalence surveys during the period 2011–2020. The data collection protocols included gender, age, skin assessment, risk assessment, and preventive interventions. In total, more than 130,000 patients were included in the ten prevalence surveys. The prevalence of pressure ulcers in Swedish hospital patients decreased significantly from 17.0 %to 11.4% between 2011 and 2020 and hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers decreased from 8.1% to 6.4% between 2018 and 2020. There was no significant decline in medicaldevice‐related pressure ulcers during the same period. The proportion of patients who were risk and skin assessed increased, as did the use of pressure‐reducing mattresses, sliding sheets, heel protection, and nrepositioning plans. This study shows that the implementation of a national patient safety program has had an impact on the nationwide prevalence of pressure ulcers in hospital care and the occurrence of prevention strategies. However, one in ten patients in Swedish hospitals still suffers from pressure ulcers. Further improvements can be made.
Ecology and diversity of culturable fungal species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Pimentel Mirian F. , Srour Ali Y. , Warner Amanda J. , Bond Jason P. , Bradley Carl A. , Rupe John , Chilvers Martin I. , Rojas J. Alejandro , Jacobs Janette L. , Little Christopher R. , Robertson Alison E. , Giesler Loren J. , Malvick Dean , Wise Kiersten , Tenuta Albert , Fakhoury Ahmad M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo isolate and characterize fungi associated with diseased soybean seedlings in Midwestern soybean production fields and to determine the influence of environmental and edaphic factors on their incidence.Methods and ResultsSeedlings were collected from fields with seedling disease history in 2012 and 2013 for fungal isolation. Environmental and edaphic data associated with each field was collected. 3036 fungal isolates were obtained and assigned to 76 species. The most abundant genera recovered were Fusarium (73%) and Trichoderma (11.2%). Other genera included Mortierella, Clonostachys, Rhizoctonia, Alternaria, Mucor, Phoma, Macrophomina and Phomopsis. Most recovered species are known soybean pathogens. However, non-pathogenic organisms were also isolated. Crop history, soil density, water source, precipitation and temperature were the main factors influencing the abundance of fungal species.ConclusionKey fungal species associated with soybean seedling diseases occurring in several US production regions were characterized. This work also identified major environment and edaphic factors affecting the abundance and occurrence of these species.Significance and Impact of the StudyThe identification and characterization of the main pathogens associated with seedling diseases across major soybean-producing areas could help manage those pathogens, and devise more effective and sustainable practices to reduce the damage they cause.
Outcome of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with microscopic residual disease after surgery and usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Revelles‐Peñas L. , Revilla‐Nebreda D. , Becerril S. , Corchete L.A. , Domínguez‐Rullán I. , Martins‐Lopes M. , Arias‐Rodríguez P. , Rodríguez‐Guitiérrez A. , Pérez‐Romansanta L.A. , Román‐Curto C. , Cañueto J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicroscopic residual disease (MRD) after surgery can be a challenging situation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and there is a lack of evidence concerning its management.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognosis of CSCC with MRD and the usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in CSCC with MRD.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of CSCC with MRD through a 10‐year period (2010–2019) (n = 244). Disease‐free survival and event‐free survival were assessed using R (v.3.4.1), considering competing risks. Evaluated outcomes were local recurrence (LR), nodal metastases (NMs), and disease‐specific death (DSD).ResultsMedian age was 88y (IQR: 10.5). A total of 145 (59.43%) were men and 69 (28.28%) were immunosuppressed. Median tumour diameter and thickness were 19 and 6.4 mm (IQR 11 and 5.5 mm). Patients treated by re‐excision had a relapse rate of 4.3% compared with 11.30% and 29.71% in those who received PORT and observation (P = 0.045). The use of PORT was associated with a lower risk of LR compared with observation (HR = 0.206 [0.049–0.859], P = 0.030), but not with a lower risk of NMs or DSDs. In the multivariable models, PORT was again associated with a lower risk of LR than observation (HR = 0.167 [0.039–0.708], P = 0.014), but not with lower risk of metastasis and death.ConclusionsWe always should try to obtain clear margins after surgery. PORT improves local control in CSCC with MRD, but when administered to the tumour bed, it does not reduce the risk of NM and DSD.
Effect of perceived stress, concern about hypoglycaemia and level of knowledge of management of the disease on glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Grau‐Del Valle Carmen , Marco‐Expósito José Francisco , Bosch‐Sierra Neus , Zaragoza‐Villena Begoña , Solá Eva , Montoya‐Castilla Inmaculada , Morillas Carlos , Bañuls Celia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate perceived stress, concern about hypoglycaemia and the level of knowledge of management of the disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their relationship with glycaemic control, gender and age.BackgroundPerceived stress and concern about hypoglycaemia are significant obstacles to achieving adequate glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and notably influence management of the disease itself.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in 193 adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Study quality was scored using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cohort studies. Glycaemic control was evaluated by number and type of hypoglycaemic event and glycosylated haemoglobin. Questionnaires about hypoglycaemia concern (HFS II), perceived stress (PSS), unrecognised hypoglycaemia (Clarke Test) and level of knowledge of the disease were completed.ResultsPerceived stress was significantly associated with glycosylated haemoglobin (p < 0.001) and concern about hypoglycaemia (p < 0.037). With respect to level of knowledge, we observed that an advanced level was associated with lower glycosylated haemoglobin (p < 0.001), number (p < 0.001) and type (p < 0.001) of hypoglycaemic episode, and less perceived stress (p = 0.006). In addition, age was negatively correlated with perceived stress (p < 0.030) and positively correlated with the number of unrecognised hypoglycaemic episodes (p < 0.002), which was associated, in turn, with a higher number of daily glycaemia tests (p < 0.037) and concern about hypoglycaemia (p < 0.006).ConclusionIn type 1 diabetes mellitus, perceived stress can negatively influence glycaemic control and concern about hypoglycaemia, and level of knowledge about the condition has a bearing on glycosylated haemoglobin levels, perceived stress and number and type of hypoglycaemic events. In addition, higher age is associated with more frequent unrecognised hypoglycaemic events. Relevance to clinical practice: It is essential to identify and address the psychological needs of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with the aim of achieving an adequate management of the disease itself and generating a change in future intervention strategies.
Analysis of differential metabolites of sunflower induced by virulent Verticillium dahlia V33 and hypovirulent Gibellulopsis nigrescens Vn‐1
Authors: Peng Jiao , Dong Bao‐Zhu , Wang Dong , Zhao Ying‐Jie , Meng Huan‐Wen , Zhou Hong‐You 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVerticillium wilt is a widespread soil‐borne vascular disease of crops. Hypovirulent strains of pathogens show potential in providing cross‐protection against Verticillium wilt. To identify metabolites associated with the induction of resistance, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomic technology was used to screen for differential metabolites induced by virulent (Verticillium dahlia V33) and hypovirulent (Gibellulopsis nigrescens Vn‐1) pathogen strains in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) roots. Forty‐eight differential metabolites were detected in the comparison between Vn‐1 and V33 inoculation treatments. Among these differential metabolites, the accumulation of 17 secondary metabolites was significantly higher in response to Vn‐1 inoculation compared with that after V33 inoculation. We selected nine differential metabolites for further analyses. Pyruvate, phenethylamine and 2‐phenylbutyric acid inhibited infection of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by Botrytis cinerea and Phythophthora infestans. Pyruvate, phenethylamine and 2‐phenylbutyric acid induced H2O2 burst at 24 hours post‐spray (hps) treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with these organic acids. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that pyruvate, phenethylamine and 2‐phenylbutyric acid significantly enhanced the expression of pathogenesis‐related genes at 24 hps, including PR1, NPR1 and PDF1.2. In addition, the activities of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase were increased. These results indicated that many metabolites were differentially induced by hypovirulent and virulent pathogen strains and were involved in resistance of sunflower against Verticillium wilt. Pyruvate, 2‐phenylbutyric acid and phenethylamine show potential for induction of plant resistance to pathogen infection.
Cultural Differences in Self‐Rated Health: The Role of Influence and Adjustment
Authors: Choi Jeong Ha , Miyamoto Yuri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated cross‐cultural differences in the levels of self‐rated health (SRH), an individual's overall perception of their health, and that Korea and Japan tend to show relatively poor SRH despite higher life expectancy compared to countries like the United States. While it has been suggested that response styles and macro‐level cultural values contribute to such differences, there is limited research on what other factors might be. The present study focused on influence and adjustment strategies as a potential cultural factor that could partly explain the cultural differences in SRH. Results from structural equation modeling have shown that Americans reported greater influence and positive reappraisal, plus a lower adjustment of goals than Japanese individuals, which partially explained the higher SRH among Americans than in the Japanese. These patterns were found even when a more objective measure of health (i.e., chronic conditions) was controlled for. Together, the findings highlight the role of influence and adjustment in understanding cultural differences in SRH.
Digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (dCBT‐I): Chronotype moderation on intervention outcomes
Authors: Faaland Patrick , Vedaa Øystein , Langsrud Knut , Sivertsen Børge , Lydersen Stian , Vestergaard Cecilie L. , Kjørstad Kaia , Vethe Daniel , Ritterband Lee M. , Harvey Allison G. , Stiles Tore C. , Scott Jan , Kallestad Håvard 
Published: February 2022

SummaryUsing data from 1721 participants in a community‐based randomized control trial of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia compared with patient education, we employed linear mixed modelling analyses to examine whether chronotype moderated the benefits of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on self‐reported levels of insomnia severity, fatigue and psychological distress. Baseline self‐ratings on the reduced version of the Horne–Östberg Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire were used to categorize the sample into three chronotypes: morning type (n = 345; 20%); intermediate type (n = 843; 49%); and evening type (n = 524; 30%). Insomnia Severity Index, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention (9 weeks). For individuals with self‐reported morning or intermediate chronotypes, digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia was superior to patient education on all ratings (Insomnia Severity Index, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) at follow‐up (p‐values ≤ 0.05). For individuals with self‐reported evening chronotype, digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia was superior to patient education for Insomnia Severity Index and Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, but not on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p = 0.139). There were significant differences in the treatment effects between the three chronotypes on the Insomnia Severity Index (p = 0.023) estimated difference between evening and morning type of −1.70, 95% confidence interval: −2.96 to −0.45, p = 0.008, and estimated difference between evening and intermediate type −1.53, 95% confidence interval: −3.04 to −0.03, p = 0.046. There were no significant differences in the treatment effects between the three chronotypes on the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (p = 0.488) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p = 0.536). We conclude that self‐reported chronotype moderates the effects of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on insomnia severity, but not on psychological distress or fatigue.
Hypothyroidism is prevalent among adult women with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Zargham Mahtab , Hajian Mohammad Reza , Alizadeh Farshid , Eslami Mohammad‐Javad , Khalili Boroujeni Noushin , Gholipour Farshad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo define the prevalence of hypothyroidism in women with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to compare the severity of each symptom between patients with hypothyroidism and controls.Subjects and methodsIn this prospective observational study, we screened all adult women who came to the urology clinic between March 2017 and September 2020, and enrolled patients with chronic LUTS in the study. We assessed thyroid function. We evaluated the severity of voiding and storage urinary symptoms by the International Prostate Symptom Score. We also assessed the severity of urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). For between‐group analysis, we selected age‐matched cases and controls and compared them regarding the distribution and severity of urinary symptoms.ResultsSeven hundred and twenty‐five women with a mean age of 51.7 ± 14.0 years were included in the final analysis. Two hundred fifty‐eight patients (35.6%) had hypothyroidism. Age‐matched case and control groups consisting of 210 patients each were selected. There was no significant difference in the severity and distribution of voiding LUTS and UUI between the study groups (P values >0.05). The severity of storage symptoms was lower in patients with hypothyroidism (P = 0.04). Sixty‐seven patients with hypothyroidism (31.9%) had SUI, which was significantly higher than controls (23.3%) (P = 0.03).ConclusionMore than one‐third of women with chronic LUTS have hypothyroidism which is much more frequent than in the general population. We also suggest a possible relationship between hypothyroidism and the severity of SUI and an inverse relationship between hypothyroidism and storage symptoms.
Revisiting the embryogenesis of lip and palate development
Authors: Hammond Nigel L. , Dixon Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClefts of the lip and palate (CLP), the major causes of congenital facial malformation globally, result from failure of fusion of the facial processes during embryogenesis. With a prevalence of 1 in 500–2500 live births, CLP causes major morbidity throughout life as a result of problems with facial appearance, feeding, speaking, obstructive apnoea, hearing and social adjustment and requires complex, multi‐disciplinary care at considerable cost to healthcare systems worldwide. Long‐term outcomes for affected individuals include increased mortality compared with their unaffected siblings. The frequent occurrence and major healthcare burden imposed by CLP highlight the importance of dissecting the molecular mechanisms driving facial development. Identification of the genetic mutations underlying syndromic forms of CLP, where CLP occurs in association with non‐cleft clinical features, allied to developmental studies using appropriate animal models is central to our understanding of the molecular events underlying development of the lip and palate and, ultimately, how these are disturbed in CLP.
The removal of tax expenditures from Spanish personal income tax: Impact on tax collection and income distribution
Authors: López‐Laborda Julio , Marín‐González Carmen , Onrubia Jorge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper estimates the consequences for tax revenue and income distribution of the removal of the tax expenditures from Spanish Personal Income Tax (IRPF) in place during the 2013 tax year. The paper concludes that the removal of all the tax expenditures analyzed would increase revenue by €24,457 million (37.9% of the IRPF actual collection), and that the redistributive effect, measured by the Reynolds‐Smolensky index, would be reduced by 1.1%. The paper also analyzes sundry hypothetical scenarios involving the refunding to individuals of the tax collected through the removal of tax expenditures, and its distributive impact is quantified.
Individual Differences and Skill Training in Cognitive Mapping: How and Why People Differ
Authors: Ishikawa Toru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpatial ability plays important roles in academic learning and everyday activities. A type of spatial thinking that is of particular significance to people's daily lives is cognitive mapping, that is, the process of acquiring, representing, and using knowledge about spatial environments. However, the skill of cognitive mapping shows large individual differences, and the task of spatial orientation and navigation poses great difficulty for some people. In this article, I look at the motivation and findings in the research into spatial knowledge acquisition from an individual differences perspective. I also discuss major implications of the existence of large individual differences, particularly the possibility of improving cognitive mapping by training and adjusting navigation assistance to the wide variations in spatial aptitudes and preferences among people.
The effect of a smoke‐evacuation unit on ultrafine particle concentrations in the operating room during approach to the proximal tibia for tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy surgery in dogs
Authors: Geier Cindy M. , Barnes Katherine H. , Simon Bradley T. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a smoke‐evacuation unit on reducing ultrafine particle concentration in the operating room (OR) during the approach to the proximal tibia for tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study designProspective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.Sample populationTwenty‐nine client‐owned dogs undergoing unilateral TPLO at a single institution were assigned to either smoke‐evacuator groups (SE; n = 15) or non–smoke‐evacuator groups (NSE; n = 14).MethodsDogs were randomly assigned to the SE group or the NSE group. An airborne particle measuring device measured and recorded baseline and intraoperative particles per cm3 (ppc) during the approach to the proximal tibia during which electrosurgery was used to provide hemostasis, dissect subcutis, transect and elevate fascia. The mean ppc, maximum ppc, and baseline ppc were compared between groups. Mean ppc was also compared to the baseline ppc within each group.ResultsDuring surgery, mean ppc (1352) and maximum ppc (62 450) for the NSE group were higher in than mean ppc (763) and maximum ppc (10 100) for the SE group (P < .0001, P < .0001, respectively). Mean ppc was higher in both SE (mean ppc = 763; P < .0001) and NSE (mean ppc = 1352; P = .0001) than their respective baseline ppc (213 and 240).ConclusionThe use of a smoke evacuator decreased particle concentrations 56.4% during the approach to the proximal tibia. Performing the approach to the proximal tibia resulted in higher particle concentrations than the baseline, regardless of smoke‐evacuator use.Clinical significanceSurgeons should be aware of smoke produced by electrosurgery, potential health consequences, and methods of smoke mitigation (smoke evacuation).
The physiological and clinical importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in people with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Perissiou Maria , Bailey Tom G. , Saynor Zoe L. , Shepherd Anthony I. , Harwood Amy E. , Askew Christopher D. 
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
This review focuses on the physiological impact of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) on cardiorespiratory fitness and the negative consequences of low fitness on clinical outcomes in AAA. We also discuss the efficacy of exercise training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in AAA.

What advances does it highlight?
We demonstrate the negative impact of low fitness on disease progression and clinical outcomes in AAA. We highlight potential mechanistic determinants of low fitness in AAA and present evidence that exercise training can be an effective treatment strategy for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, postoperative mortality and disease progression.

AbstractAn abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal enlargement of the aorta, below the level of the renal arteries, where the aorta diameter increases by >50%. As an aneurysm increases in size, there is a progressive increase in the risk of rupture, which ranges from 25 to 40% for aneurysms >5.5 cm in diameter. People with AAA are also at a heightened risk of cardiovascular events and associated mortality. Cardiorespiratory fitness is impaired in people with AAA and is associated with poor (postoperative) clinical outcomes, including increased length of hospital stay and postoperative mortality after open surgical or endovascular AAA repair. Although cardiorespiratory fitness is a well‐recognized prognostic marker of cardiovascular health and mortality, it is not assessed routinely, nor is it included in current clinical practice guidelines for the management of people with AAA. In this review, we discuss the physiological impact of AAA on cardiorespiratory fitness, in addition to the consequences of low cardiorespiratory fitness on clinical outcomes in people with AAA. Finally, we summarize current evidence for the effect of exercise training interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness in people with AAA, including the associated improvements in postoperative mortality, AAA growth and cardiovascular risk. Based on this review, we propose that cardiorespiratory fitness should be considered as part of the routine risk assessment and monitoring of people with AAA and that targeting improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness with exercise training might represent a viable adjunct treatment strategy for reducing postoperative mortality and disease progression.