bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of HFTS 2 Microseismic Data Using Bedding-Plane-Slip Mechanism
Authors: Tan Yunhui , Wang Jiehao , Rijken Margaretha , Zhang Zhishuai , Fang Zijun , Wu Ruiting , Lim Chen Ning Ivan , Liu Xinghui 
Published: February 2022

Summary
The objective of this study is to understand how microseismic events are generated during hydraulic fracturing, as well as the role of geomechanical conditions (i.e., stress and mechanical stratigraphy) in this process. In the industry, microseismic event clouds have been generally used as an “outer boundary” of the “stimulated reservoir volume” (SRV). However, by comparing with other surveillance data (low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing, or LF-DAS, strain) in the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS) 2 experiment, we show that this assumption is fundamentally flawed. The HFTS 2 data have three unique observations that have not been commonly observed in other datasets: (1) Due to the influence of offset pad depletion, microseismic data show that hydraulic fractures from the child well can propagate over 3,000 ft into the depleted low-stress zone. (2) By comparing microseismic and horizontal fiber LF-DAS strain data, we observe that the microseismic event cloud does not necessarily reflect the created hydraulic fracture volume. Particularly, the extent of microseismic event clouds near heel stages is much shorter than what is shown with LF-DAS strain data. (3) Microseismic event magnitudes are larger in the depleted regions. Through geomechanical analysis, we demonstrate that the “bedding-plane-slip” model is likely the mechanism for microseismic generation during hydraulic fracturing. This model successfully explains the above field observations from the HFTS 2 experiment. We also provide a quantitative relationship connecting the microseismic event magnitude with fracture width increment and layer mechanical property contrast.
Right Ventricle Fatty Infiltration Evaluated by Cardiac-CT Scan in Anderson-Fabry’s Disease, A Case Report
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Álvaro , Ruíz-López Adrian , Fernández-Martínez Juan , Torra Roser , Medel David Viladés 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Anderson Fabry Disease (AFD) is a metabolic storage disorder that leads to a multisystemic accumulation of glycosphingolipids. AFD cardiomyopathy presentation includes left ventricular hypertrophy, tachyarrhythmias and conduction disturbances. Right ventricle impairment is less common, probably underdiagnosed and its prognosis has been barely reported possibly due to technical limitations in cardiac magnetic resonance studies (CMR).Case presentation: A patient with AFD presented with functional deterioration, moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a new onset lateral segmentary defect. A cardiac CT scan was indicated to rule out significant coronary artery disease and showed myocardial fatty infiltration progression and right ventricle involvement that was not reported in previous cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).Conclusions: Although CMR is the gold standard technique to study AFD cardiomyopathy, in some selected cases cardiac CT scan could help to better evaluate disease progression, especially when RV is affected.
Integration of blue-green electroluminescence structure in mid-infrared hollow optical fiber for targeting invisible CO2 laser beam
Authors: Shen Yang , Li Guishun , Xie Guoxing , She Changkun , Jing Chengbin , Chu Junhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mid-infrared (IR) CO2 lasers have important applications in laser medicine and material processing. However, the CO2 laser beam is invisible to human eyes, it is not easy to accurately indicate the beam position in practical applications. In this work, we designed a PEDOT (Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) /ZnS: Cu /BaTiO3 /Ag electroluminescence (EL) structure and integrated it at the output end of the mid-IR hollow optical fiber. The blue-green light can be output along with the CO2 laser beam in this EL structure integrated fiber, thus achieving the optical path indication and illumination of invisible laser beam. This work provides a possible guide for aiming the CO2 laser beam in the min-IR optical fiber.
The Time Trend of Callssuspected of Having A Stroke with The Emergency Medical Services and Its Forecasting for The Next 5 Years in Iran
Authors: Seyfi Saeed , Moradian Mohammad Javad , Seif Mozhgan , Mirzaei Samaneh , Nasiriani Khadijeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: Stroke is known as the second leading cause of death and the first leading cause of disability in developing and underdeveloped countries and the annual absolute numbers of people with stroke, stroke survivors, stroke-related deaths, and overall stroke burden have shown an increasing trend. This study was aimed to investigate the time trend of calls for suspected stroke received by the Emergency Medical Servicesand to predict this trend for the next 5 years inShiraz, Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical ecological study with time seriesdata. The required data were extracted from Shiraz Emergency Medical Center between2013and2019. ITSM 2000, Excel 2013 and SPSS, version 19.0 were used to analyze and predict the data.Results: During 2013-2019, a total of 844004 calls were received by EMS call center in Shiraz city, of which 6620 calls were suspected of strokes. The number of suspected cases of stroke between 2013and2016demonstrated a steady trend in a certain range, while between 2016 and 2017, it has significantly increased and after that the number of stroke cases has reached a relative stability.In a short time period, like monthly or seasonally, the highest incidence of stroke occurs in February, the coldest month of the year in shiraz city, and the lowest incidence of stroke occurs in July and August, the warm times of the year in Shiraz city, and this trend is repeated every year. Also, the predict of stroke incidence for the next 5 years indicated that the trend is almost constant with a slightdecline, that is the total number of stroke caseswill diminish by 6% in 2024 compared to 2019. Conclusion:The results of study demonstrated that the long-term trend of reported suspected calls cases of stroke in EMSis currently stable following an increase in Iran, and itis expected to decline in the upcoming years. Besides, in short-term seasonal trend, the number of reported suspected calls cases of stroke in EMS is higher in cold seasons than in warm seasons.
Evaluating the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services in the Tibetan Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Jinxi , He Chunyang , Huang Qingxu , Li Jian , Qi Tao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Context In the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the supply of cultural ecosystem services (CESs) is unique, and the demand for CESs is gradually increasing with rapid urbanization. Evaluating the relationship between the supply and demand for CESs is critical for guiding regional sustainable development. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining empirical data in the high altitude and complex topography of the TP, relevant research is still lacking. Objectives The objective of this study was to develop an approach to address the difficulties of obtaining the empirical data on the TP and to evaluate the relationship between the supply and demand for CESs.Methods Taking the Qinghaihu-Huangshui basin as an example, we combined the SolVES model and social media big data to evaluate the supply and demand for CESs in the TP. Results Our results showed that the combined method can effectively evaluate the supply and demand for CESs in the basin, and can be used for other remote regions. The supply and demand for CESs in the basin exhibited obvious spatial mismatch. Among the two types of mismatch, in the areas of high supply and low demand of CESs, residents’ subjective well-being (SWB) were substantially lower. Being far away from central city was an important reason for the high supply and low demand of CESs.Conclusions Establishing and improving the transportation system connecting central cities with other counties is encouraged to utilize the rich cultural and tourism resources of the TP, as well as enhance the SWB and promote regional sustainable development.
Leveraging the polymer glass transition to access thermally-switchable shear jamming suspensions
Authors: Chen Chuqiao , de Naald Mike van , Singh Abhinendra , Dolinski Neil , Jackson Grayson , Jaeger Heinrich , Rowan Stuart , de Pablo Juan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
When sheared sufficiently strongly, suspensions having a large volume fraction of solid particles can exhibit a dramatic increase in viscosity (shear thickening) and even solidify (shear jamming). Investigations to date have almost exclusively focused on rigid, non-responsive particles, which do not allow in situ tuning of shear thickening or jamming. Here we report suspensions of polymeric micron-sized particles with accessible glass transition temperatures Tg) designed to control their non-Newtonian rheology. The underlying mechanical stiffness and interparticle friction between particles change dramatically near Tg. We capitalize on these properties and show that, in contrast to conventional systems, a dramatic and non-monotonic change in shear thickening is observed as the suspensions transition through the particles’ Tg. This behavior enables the in situ turning on or off of shear jamming by varying the temperature relative to Tg, and lays the groundwork for thermally switchable jamming systems.
A practical method to simulate and analyze the consequence of ammonium nitrate explosion accidents
Authors: Wang Qiang , Lu Wei , Huang Qingzhen , Wang Lili 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Several catastrophic ammonium nitrate (AN) explosion accidents have been observed over the last two decades. Previous studies have been mainly focused on investigating adverse effects caused by the AN explosion, while only a few systematically analyzed the consequences and effects of AN blast. The present study collected the data on three ammonium nitrate explosion accidents (accidental explosion of the US fertilizer plant in 2013; an accidental explosion of China's Tianjin port in 2015, and a recent explosion (2020) of the Beirut port in Lebanon) and analyzed the consequences of the accidental explosions through simulation calculation, thus providing a scientific explanation for the AN explosion in media reports. According to the actual damage, it was recommended that the impact of both shock wave overpressure and ground shock on people and buildings should be considered in the accidental explosions. Calculating the shock wave overpressure, ground shock, and the influence distance, and then comparing the calculations with the actual situation can be used as a feasible method in the rapid analysis of the accidental consequences of ammonium nitrate explosion.
Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Research on the Pressing Force of Robot Drilling CFRP Sheet
Authors: Fu Pengqiang , Wang Yan , Miao Yuhang , Wang Yiwen , Zhou Lijie , Yang Sisi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the process of drilling CFRP sheets by industrial robots, the contact stiffness between the terminal actuator and the sheet is poor, which causes the hole position to vibrate during processing. The design of a presser foot device in front of the terminal actuator can effectively solve this problem. The Navier method is used to solve the allowable range of the pressing force of the presser foot. A numerical simulation model for drilling CFRP sheets is established, and the influence of different pressing forces within the allowable range on the drilling quality is studied, and the recommended value of the pressing force of the presser foot is obtained. Drilling experiments are carried out under different pressing forces. The experimental results show that the optimized pressing force of the presser foot can effectively reduce the vibration of the CFRP sheet during the drilling process, and the surface roughness of the drilling hole wall can reach 1.8μm. At the same time, the surface morphology at the exit of the machined hole is improved.
In silico analysis for the repurposing of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against multiple targets from SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking and ADMET approach
Authors: Parihar Arpana , Zafar Tabassum , Khandia Rekha , Parihar Dipesh Singh , Dhote Rupali , Mishra Yogesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Amidst the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led the world devastated, and resulted in the death of millions of people with its deadly virulence potential. In comparison to similar virus outbreaks, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV), COVID-19 led to severe morbidity and mortality. Various therapeutic interventions to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection are actively investigated, but still, there is no specific drug with high anti-viral efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been reported yet. The present work is an effort to represent the promising therapeutic efficacy of 52 broad-spectrum anti-viral drugs as a potential lead molecule to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. These are the drugs that have shown potential efficacy against several viral infections earlier. The present article discusses the comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of available broad-spectrum anti-viral drugs via assessment of receptor-ligand interaction using the molecular docking approach. Results: Based on the molecular docking indications, we predict the potential importance of various broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking revealed that Remedesivir, Imatinib, Herbacetin, Zanamivir, Ribavirin, Dasabuvir, Rhoifolin, Sofosbuvir, Cirsimaritin, and 2H-Cyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide having strong interactions with respective targets. Conclusion: The present piece of work strongly recommends the anti-viral potential of Zanamivir for RdRp enzyme inhibition, Herbacetin against receptor binding domain of spike protein, and main protease target, Adefovir for ACE2, and Ribavirin for endoribonuclease active site. The current predictions will enhance the clinical development of potential therapeutic drugs to combat the pandemic significantly.
Effect of Load Frequency and Amplitude of Displacement on Soft Rock Joints under Cyclic Shear loads
Authors: Niktabar S.M.Mahdi , Rao K. Seshagiri , Shrivastava Amit Kumar , Ščučka Jiří 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A series of cyclic shear tests was conducted on soft synthetic rock joints with 30°- 30° asperities. Large scale shear apparatus was used in the experiments to investigate effects of shear load frequency and amplitude of displacement on the joint behaviour. Varying load frequencies (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 Hz,) and displacement amplitudes (±4, ±6, and ±8 mm) for three different normal stresses (0.1, 0.5 and 1 MPa) were applied. The results indicated that the first peak shear stress on the joint is significantly influenced by the frequency of cyclic shear load and subsequent peaks of shear stress are largely influenced by the amplitude of displacement. Reduction in peak shear stress at higher frequency of load is greater than the reduction at lower frequency of load under cyclic movements. Shear mechanism on the joint asperities at low normal stress demonstrate asperity diminishing does not depend on load direction at high frequency. Whereas, at low frequency of loads, it depends on direction of starting cyclic shear load. Low amplitude of displacement has no effect on asperity deformation under cyclic loads. As the amplitude rises, the diminishing of asperities increases significantly. Shear mechanism and asperity diminishing at low normal stress is similar for the both higher amplitude of displacement and lower frequency of load. Comparison of shear strength envelopes indicated an opposite behaviour of the joint at varying load frequencies and displacement amplitudes.
Lycorine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, inhibits breast cancer proliferation and metastasis involving cytoskeletal protein
Authors: Sun Yanfang , Gao Xiaoyan , Wang Pan , Wink Michael , Drobot Liudmyla , Jin Xiaoyan , Horak Iryna , Li Jinhua , Yang Linjun , Liang Zongsuo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Establishment and Characterization of Chemotherapy-Enriched Sphere-Forming Cells with Stemness Phenotypes as A New Cell Line (BAG50) of Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: bagheri vahid , gholamin mehran , mansouri atena , abbaszadegan mohammad reza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gastric cancer is a malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that possess the tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal capacity, and high resistance to conventional therapies. Due to the diversity and complexity of human tumors, new cell lines are urgently needed to supply clinically and physiologically relevant cancer models. Here, we report establishing a novel cell line (BAG50) with stemness properties. Chemotherapy-enriched sphere-forming cells with CSC properties isolated from a patient with GC were cultured in a serum-containing medium and passaged for up to 51 passages. The colony-forming ability and tumor-forming capacity of BAG50 cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. mRNA upregulation of stemness-related transcriptional factors using real-time PCR as well as expression of CSC markers using flow cytometry was investigated. Finally, STR profiling and chromosome studies were performed. BAG50 cells formed floating spheroid colonies in a serum-free medium. Subcutaneous injection of these cells generated xenograft tumors in nude mice. Pluripotency markers (SOX-2, OCT4, and Cripto-1) in them were upregulated compared with normal gastric cells. The majority of them expressed CSC markers of CD44, CD54, and EpCAM, and stemness marker of oct-4. STR profiling showed a unique DNA fingerprint. Karyotype also demonstrated multiple aneuploidies and chromosomal translocations. We suggested that the highly tumorigenic BAG50 cell line with stem cell-like phenotypes may provide a valuable in vitro tool to support new diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers as well as the development of more effective treatment strategies.
Identification and establishment of a culture method for the spiral nematode Helicotylenchus microlobus from tomato in China
Authors: Xia Yanhui , Li Jin , Xu Feifei , Lei Bin , Li Honglian , Wang Ke , Li Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Spiral nematodes of the genus Helicotylenchus are globally distributed, and contain various species complexes that normally exhibit similar diagnostic characteristics. Some studies on the parasitism of tomato by spiral nematodes include only census data, or morphological data and lack detailed molecular data in China. At present, carrot disks have been successfully applied in the culture of plant-parasitic nematodes, but carrot disks are not suitable for rearing all migratory plant-parasitic nematodes, and only a small number of plant-parasitic nematodes can be cultured. However, the establishment of a culture method for Helicotylenchus has not been reported.Results: Spiral nematodes were recovered from tomato roots and soil samples, and the purified spiral nematode LQ-1 population was identified based on morphological and molecular biological technology. Both the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D2-D3 expansion region of 28S ribosomal RNA sequences revealed that the species of the spiral nematode LQ-1 population was Helicotylenchus microlobus. Phylogenetic analysis with the rRNA sequences of the ITS and 28S D2-D3 regions was consistent with molecular identification, suggesting that the spiral nematode LQ-1 population formed a highly supported clade with other H. microlobus populations. Additionally, a method for culture of H. microlobus on carrot disks was established, and the effect of temperature on the reproduction rate (Rr) of this nematode was investigated. The optimum temperature for H. microlobus culture on carrot disks was 27.5 °C, and the Rr reached 406 after 90 days of inoculation with 30 females.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic description of H. microlobus from tomato in China. This study also demonstrated for the first time that the carrot disk method is suitable for the culture of H. microlobus. This study lays a foundation for other related research on H. microlobus, and has significance for the study of spiral nematodes.
The structure of SpoT reveals evolutionary tuning of enzymatic output through constraint of the conformational landscape
Authors: Tamman Hedvig , Ernits Karin , Roghanian Mohammad , Ainelo Andres , Julius Christina , Perrier Anthony , Talavera Ariel , Ainelo Hanna , Dugauquier Rémy , Zedek Safia , Thureau Aurélien , Perez Javier , Lima-Mendez Gipsi , Hallez Regis , Atkinson Gemma , Hauryliuk Vasili , Garcia-Pino Abel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Stringent factors orchestrate bacterial cell reprogramming through increasing the level of the alarmones (p)ppGpp. In Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, SpoT hydrolyses (p)ppGpp to counteract the synthetase activity of RelA. However, structural information about how SpoT controls the levels of (p)ppGpp is missing. Here we present the crystal structure of the hydrolase-only SpoT from Acinetobacter baumannii and uncover the mechanism of intra-molecular regulation of “long”-RSH factors. In contrast to ribosome-associated Rel/RelA that adopt an elongated structure, SpoT assumes a compact τ-shaped structure in which the regulatory domains wrap around a Core subdomain that controls the conformational state of the enzyme. The Core is key to the specialisation of long-RSHs towards either synthesis or hydrolysis: while the short and structured Core of SpoT stabilises the τ-state priming the HD domain for (p)ppGpp hydrolysis, the longer, more dynamic Core of RelA destabilises the τ-state precluding (p)ppGpp hydrolysis and priming RelA for synthesis
Long-term observation of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with Ozurdex ® in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema
Authors: Liang Xuemei , Shen Baiyun , Ou Zuguo , An Hongmei , Li Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the duration and long-term efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) combined with Ozurdex® (DEX) in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema (RVO-ME).Methods This retrospective case study included 38 patients with non-ischemic RVO-ME who were initially treated by intravitreal injection of IVR combined with DEX. Patients with recurrence of macular edema continued with IVR+DEX therapy. Data were recorded for all patients at baseline and at 1 week, and 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. The primary outcome measures were the average reinjection interval and the number of injections. Results The mean interval for reinjection of RVO-ME was 134.2±9.1 days. The average number of injections was 4.2±1.1, and 65.8% of patients received 4 injections. There was no significant difference in mean reinjection interval and injection number between central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) patients. At the end of follow-up, the mean improvement of BCVA in CRVO and BRVO patients was 0.29±0.26 and 0.31±0.33, respectively, and 52.6% (20/38) patients experienced visual acuity improvement of > 3 lines. The average decrease in CFT was 406.0±272.3 μm and 408.2±379.9 μm, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two types of RVO-ME in BCVA improvement and CFT reduction (p=0.82 and 0.98). Conclusion Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with Ozurdex® led to better efficacy, fewer injections, lower medical burden, and more controllable side effects.