bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of prepartum administration of a vaccine against infectious calf diarrhea on nonspecific colostral immunoglobulin concentrations of dairy cows
Authors: Chambers Gregory P , Kelton William , Smolenski Grant , Cuttance Emma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins from the cow to the calf is essential for calf health. The objective of this study was to determine if prepartum administration of a vaccine stimulates increased concentrations of colostral immunoglobulins of dairy cows beyond what is explained by vaccine-specific immunoglobulins. A prospective cohort study was conducted on a spring-calving commercial dairy farm that had a policy of only vaccinating cows with even ear tag numbers with a calf diarrhea vaccine, whereas cows with odd ear tag numbers were left unvaccinated. Cows in the vaccinated group (even ear tag numbers, n = 204) received a sensitizer and booster vaccination with a vaccine against bovine rotavirus (serotypes G6 and G10), bovine coronavirus, and E. coli having the K99 pili adherence factor. A sensitizer was given because the study vaccine was different from the vaccine previously used. Cows in the control group (odd ear tag numbers, n = 194) received a 2-mL subcutaneous sterile saline solution. Both groups received two treatments at a 3-wk interval, completing the treatments approximately 2 wk prior to the planned start of calving. During the calving period, technicians separated calves from cows immediately after parturition and prior to suckling, and cows were completely milked out within 6 h of parturition. Vaccine-specific, total, and nonvaccine-specific (total minus vaccine-specific) concentrations of immunoglobulin classes A, G1, G2a, and M (IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgM, respectively) were quantified by mass spectrometry for 20 colostrum samples from each treatment group. Predicted mean non-vaccine-specific colostral IgM concentrations were 8.76 (95% CI = 7.18–10.67) and 5.78 (95% CI = 4.74–7.05) mg/mL for vaccinated and control cows, respectively (P = 0.005). Predicted mean non-vaccine-specific colostral IgG1 concentrations were 106.08 (95% CI = 92.07–120.08) and 95.30 (95% CI = 81.30–109.31) mg/mL among vaccinated and control cows, respectively; however, these means were not significantly different (P = 0.278). It is thus possible that the vaccine, in addition to specifically managing infectious calf diarrhea, may also have non-specific benefits by improving colostrum quality through increased non-vaccine-specific colostrum IgM concentrations. Further research is necessary to determine the mechanism for these preliminary findings, whether the effect may occur in other immunoglobulin classes, and what impacts it may have on calf health outcomes.
SDSS IV MaNGA: characteristics of edge-on galaxies with a counter-rotating gaseous disc
Authors: Beom Minje , Bizyaev Dmitry , Walterbos René A M , Chen Yanmei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Counter-rotating components in galaxies are one of the most direct forms of evidence for past gas accretion or merging. We discovered 10 edge-on disc gaseous counter-rotators in a sample of 523 edge-on galaxies identified in the final MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO) IFU sample. The counter-rotators tend to located in small groups. The gaseous counter-rotators have intermediate stellar masses and and located in the green valley and red sequence of the colour–magnitude diagram. The average vertical extents of the stellar and ionized gas discs are the same as for the rest of the sample while their radial gas and stellar distributions are more centrally concentrated. This may point at angular momentum loss during the formation process of the counter-rotating discs. The counter-rotators have low gas and dust content, weak emission-line strengths, and low star formation rates. This suggests that the formation of counter-rotators may be an efficient way to quench galaxies. One counter-rotator, SDSS J080016.09+292817.1 (Galaxy F), has a post-starburst region and a possible AGN at the centre. Another counter-rotator, SDSS J131234.03+482159.8 (Galaxy H), is identified as a potential ongoing galaxy interaction with its companion satellite galaxy, a gas-rich spiral galaxy. This may be representative case of a gaseous counter-rotator forming through a merger origin. However, tidal distortions expected in mergers are only found in a few of the galaxies and we cannot rule out direct gas accretion as another formation mechanism.
A tale of caution: the tails of NGC 752 are much longer than claimed
Authors: Boffin Henri M J , Jerabkova Tereza , Beccari Giacomo , Wang Long 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding the exact extent and content of tidal tails of open clusters provides useful clues on how field stars populate the Milky Way. We reanalyse, using Gaia EDR3 data, the tails around the open cluster NGC 752. Compared to previous analyses, we look at a much wider region around the cluster and use first the convergent point method, coupled with a clustering analysis using dbscan. We find that the cluster, located 433 pc away and well described by a Plummer profile, has very long and asymmetric tails, extending more than 260 pc on the sky (from tip to tip) – four times larger than previously thought – and contains twice as many stars. Numerical models computed with petar serve as a guide and confirm our analysis. The tails follow the predictions from the models, but the trailing tail appears slightly distorted, possibly indicating that the cluster had a complicated history of galactic encounters. Applying an alternative method to the newly developed compact convergent point method, we potentially trace the cluster’s tidal tails to their full extent, covering several thousands of parsecs and more than 1000 stars. Our analysis therefore opens a new window on the study of open clusters, whose potential will be fully unleashed with future Gaia data releases.
Trade, value chain-technology, and prices: Evidence from dairy in East Africa
Authors: Ignowski Liz , Minten Bart , Van Campenhout Bjorn , Vandevelde Senne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Differences in world market participation and access to value-chain technologies have resulted in uneven experiences across countries. In this paper, we explore their impact on prices in the value chain, using the examples of Ethiopia and Uganda. We first develop a conceptual framework, and then validate the model using primary price data collected at several levels in the dairy value chains in both countries. We find that prices are lower in Uganda than in Ethiopia, reflecting their respective net trade status. Moreover, despite shorter value chains, we find much more significant effects of distance from the capital on milk prices in Ethiopia than in Uganda. This is linked to the presence of milk chilling centers in Uganda. While such technology is important for milk quality, we find here that it also has the added benefit to reduce the impact of farmers’ remoteness on prices and allows for more geographically extended value chains.
Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Davidson K.W. , Barry M.J. , Mangione C.M. , Cabana M. , Caughey A.B. , Davis E.M. , Donahue K.E. , Doubeni C.A. , Kubik M. , Li L. , Ogedegbe G. , Pbert L. , Silverstein M. , Simon M.A. , Stevermer J. , Tseng C.W. , Wong J.B. 
Published: June 2022

(JAMA. 2021;326:1186–1191)
Preeclampsia is a common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality around the world. In the United States, preeclampsia complicates 4% of pregnancies and contributes to 6% of preterm births and 19% of medically indicated preterm births. Preeclampsia is defined by a maternal blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or more on 2 separate office visits after 20 weeks of pregnancy, accompanied by maternal proteinuria. Preeclampsia is an inflammatory syndrome that can lead to multiple maternal risks including impaired liver function, thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, cerebral or visual disturbances, and pulmonary edema. It can lead to fetal risks including low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth from a lack of blood flow to the placenta. As the placenta develops, it may cause an overactive systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress resulting in the development of preeclampsia.
Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Work Environments and Hospitalizations and ED Use Among Chronically Ill Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Poghosyan Lusine , Liu Jianfang , Perloff Jennifer , D’Aunno Thomas , Cato Kenrick D. , Friedberg Mark W. , Martsolf Grant 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a critical role in delivering primary care, particularly to chronically ill elderly. Yet, many NPs practice in poor work environments which may affect patient outcomes.

Objective:
We investigated the relationship between NP work environments in primary care practices and hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use among chronically ill elderly.

Research Design:
We used a cross-sectional design to collect survey data from NPs about their practices. The survey data were merged with Medicare claims data.

Subjects:
In total, 979 primary care practices employing NPs and delivering care to chronically ill Medicare beneficiaries (n=452,931) from 6 US states were included.

Measures:
NPs completed the Nurse Practitioner-Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire—a valid and reliable measure for work environment. Data on hospitalizations and ED use was obtained from Medicare claims. We used Cox regression models to estimate risk ratios.

Results:
After controlling for covariates, we found statistically significant associations between practice-level NP work environment and 3 outcomes: Ambulatory Care Sensitive (ACS) ED visits, all-cause ED visits, and all-cause hospitalizations. With a 1-unit increase in the work environment score, the risk of an ACS-ED visit decreased by 4.4% [risk ratio (RR)=0.956; 99% confidence interval (CI): 0.918–0.995; P=0.004], an ED visit by 3.5% (RR=0.965; 99% CI: 0.933–0.997; P=0.005), and a hospitalization by 4.0% (RR=0.960;99% CI: 0.928–0.993; P=0.002). There was no relationship between NP work environment and ACS hospitalizations.

Conclusion:
Favorable NP work environments are associated with lower hospital and ED utilization. Practice managers should focus on NP work environments in quality improvement strategies.
Fragility fracture systems, Latin America perspective
Authors: Rojas Luis G. Padilla , Cervantes Roberto E. López , Almejo Leonardo López , Pesciallo Cesar A. , Garabano Germán , Bidolegui Fernando , Giordano Vincenzo , Belangero William Dias , Hungria José Octavio Soares , Triana Q Miguel Alvaro , Gómez Amparo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a worldwide epidemic, affecting an average of 30% to 50% of those over 50 years of age in Latin America. Resulting from it is another epidemic, that of fragility fractures, which adversely affects morbidity and mortality of this population. Increasing in their incidence, fragility fractures are expected to occur in 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over 50years of age during their lifetimes.
Currently, there are diagnostic and management guidelines for fragility fractures in Latin American countries, especially those for hip and spine fractures. In general, in Latin America, the quality indicators and standards for the care of these fractures vary greatly according to the health system, being suboptimal in many situations.
The organization of health services is different in the different countries throughout Latin America. Common underlying characteristics, however, include the distinctions that exist in care between public and private medicine and the lack of economic resources directed to public healthcare systems from the national levels.
Several important changes have been implemented in recent years, with the collaboration between national organizations and international associations such as the Fragility Fracture Network and the International Osteoporosis Foundation, aimed at improving quality standards in care and rates of morbidity and mortality in patients treated thorough fragility fracture programs. The underregistration in these programs and absence of formal national registries also contribute to a lack of recognition of the size, scope, and severity of the problem.
Are Non-lactose fermenting Escherichia coli important diarrhoeal pathogens in children and adults?
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Modgil Vinay , Mahindroo Jaspreet , Kumar Ajay , Kaur Varpreet , Narayan Chandradeo , Verma Ritu , Mohan Balvinder , Taneja Neelam 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are responsible for about 30–40% of acute diarrhoea episodes in developing countries. Up to 10% of isolates of E. coli from stool specimens have been reported to be non-lactose fermenting (NLF E. coli). There is scarcity of literature available regarding the pathogenicity of NLF E. coli causing infectious diarrhoea. Aim: We aimed to elucidate the importance of NLF E. coli in causing diarrhoea in both adults as well as children by detecting various DEC pathotypes among NLF E. coli in stool samples from gastroenteritis cases. Material and Methods: A total of 376 non-lactose fermenting (NLF) E. coli isolates isolated from 3110 stool samples of diarrhoea/ gastroenteritis patients were included in the study. Upto 3 non-lactose fermenting colonies which did not confirm as V.cholerae, Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., but were identified as E.coli on MALDI-TOF were selected from each MacConkey agar plate and streaked onto fresh, sterilized nutrient agar and biochemical reactions were put up. Multiplex PCR was put up for EAEC, EPEC, ETEC, EHEC pathotypes and PCR for ipaH gene was put up for EIEC. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed with the disc diffusion method. Results: Using multiplex PCR and ipaH PCR, a total of 63 pathotypes of DEC were obtained, EAEC being the most predominant (n= 31) followed by EIEC (n=22), EPEC (n=8) and ETEC (n=2). To further differentiate EIEC from Shigella, additional biochemicals were performed which include acetate utilization, mucate and salicin fermentation, and esculin hydrolysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) showed that maximum resistance was seen against ciprofloxacin (82.5%) followed by ampicillin (77.8%) and cotrimoxazole (68.2%) and minimum resistance was seen against ertapenem (4.8%). Conclusion: In our study two pathotypes (EAEC, EIEC) were predominant among NLF E. coli and these were important etiological agents not only in children but also in adults. Our study also sheds light on epidemiology of EIEC which is one of the most neglected DEC pathotype as hardly any microbiological laboratory process NLF E. coli for EIEC.
Effect of level of autistic traits on motion inspection time performance in centre-surround suppression tasks
Authors: Gubko Andrew , Crewther David 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms underlying visual anomalies observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), presenting in the form of impaired global visual perception and enhanced local perception have long been debated. Researchers have sought to investigate the phenomenon of surround suppression, the inhibitory mechanism responsible for filtering visual noise in high contrast stimuli of increasing size. Mixed results have shown impaired gain control reduces surround suppression allowing for improved motion inspection in certain conditions, along with the possibility that receptive field size and population varies among the ASD population producing size-specific alteration in motion inspection. The present study aims to investigate whether the level of autistic traits predicts motion inspection time performance in a random dot kinetogram (RDK), a function of stimulus size and contrast. A total of 12 typically developing (TD) participants were screened and grouped by AQ score to indicate level of autistic traits (low, medium and high). Results revealed that the high AQ group’s motion inspection time significantly outperformed the mid AQ group for small and large central RDK of low contrast. This result suggests an interaction between temporal and spatial processing may have masked the effects of gain control and impaired surround suppression in higher contrast conditions, often seen in previous studies.
Characterization of coordinated growth in macrodactyly caused by somatic mosaic activating mutations inPIK3CA
Authors: McNamara Catherine , Lanni Jennifer , Daane Jake , Nuzzi Laura , Peal David , Harris Matthew P. , Labow Brian 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTLocalized somatic overgrowth disorders that occur during development can be debilitating, and most often require surgical intervention. Although underlying genetic changes associated with overgrowth have been identified in the majority of cases, the cause of the dysregulated growth and its presentation is unknown. Here we detail current work on a specific overgrowth disorder, macrodactyly, in which overgrowth is localized and shows integration with developmental patterning of the limb, providing coordination of the resulting overgrowth structure. We provide clinical analysis of presentation of macrodactyly in a cohort of patients and provide experimental evidence for nerve and vascular-biased regulation of growth. We provide the first animal model that recapitulates macrodactyly and provide evidence that genetic modifiers may underlie the development of this disorder. The unique presentation of macrodactyly provides a framework to identify the causes and regulatory activities that shape hyperplastic signals that lead to integrated patterning in overgrowth. Use of our experimental model suggests potential for genetic modifiers as important for the particular presentation of this disorder over other PIK3CA-related growth disorders.
Microbial Risk Score for Capturing Microbial Characteristics, Integrating Multi-omics Data, and Predicting Disease Risk
Authors: Wang Chan , Segal Leopoldo N. , Hu Jiyuan , Zhou Boyan , Hayes Richard , Ahn Jiyoung , Li Huilin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the rapid accumulation of microbiome-wide association studies, a great amount of microbiome data are available to study the microbiome’s role in human disease and advance the microbiome’s potential use for disease prediction. However, the unique features of microbiome data hinder its utility for disease prediction.MethodsMotivated from the polygenic risk score framework, we propose a microbial risk score (MRS) framework to aggregate the complicated microbial profile into a summarized risk score that can be used to measure and predict disease susceptibility. Specifically, the MRS algorithm involves two steps: 1) identifying a sub-community consisting of the signature microbial taxa associated with disease, and 2) integrating the identified microbial taxa into a continuous score. The first step is carried out using the existing sophisticated microbial association tests and pruning and thresholding method in the discovery samples. The second step constructs a community-based MRS by calculating alpha diversity on the identified sub-community in the validation samples. Moreover, we propose a multi-omics data integration method by jointly modeling the proposed MRS and other risk scores constructed from other omics data in disease prediction.ResultsThrough three comprehensive real data analyses using the NYU Langone Health COVID-19 cohort, the gut microbiome health index (GMHI) multi-study cohort, and a large type 1 diabetes cohort separately, we exhibit and evaluate the utility of the proposed MRS framework for disease prediction and multi-omics data integration. In addition, the disease-specific MRSs for colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer, Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis based on the relative abundances of 5, 6, 12, and 6 microbial taxa respectively are created and validated using the GMHI multi-study cohort. Especially, Crohn’s disease MRS achieves AUCs of 0.88 ([0.85-0.91]) and 0.86 ([0.78-0.95]) in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed MRS framework sheds light on the utility of the microbiome data for disease prediction and multi-omics integration, and provides great potential in understanding the microbiome’s role in disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Developmental history modulates adult olfactory behavioral preferences via regulation of chemoreceptor expression inC. elegans
Authors: Kyani-Rogers Travis , Philbrook Alison , McLachlan Ian G. , Flavell Steven W. , O’Donnell Michael P. , Sengupta Piali 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTDevelopmental experiences play critical roles in shaping adult physiology and behavior. We and others previously showed that adultC. eleganswhich transiently experienced dauer arrest during development (PD: post-dauer) exhibit distinct gene expression profiles as compared to control adults which bypassed the dauer stage. In particular, the expression patterns of subsets of chemoreceptor genes are markedly altered in PD adults. Whether altered chemoreceptor levels drive behavioral plasticity in PD adults is unknown. Here we show that PD adults exhibit enhanced attraction to a panel of food-related attractive volatile odorants including the bacterially-produced chemical diacetyl. Diacetyl-evoked responses in the AWA olfactory neuron pair are increased in both dauer larvae and PD adults, and we find that these increased responses are correlated with upregulation of the diacetyl receptor ODR-10 in AWA likely via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. We show that transcriptional upregulation ofodr-10expression in dauer larvae is in part mediated by the DAF-16 FOXO transcription factor. Via transcriptional profiling of sorted populations of AWA neurons from control and PD adults, we further show that the expression of a subset of additional chemoreceptor genes in AWA is regulated similarly toodr-10in PD animals. Our results suggest that developmental experiences may be encoded at the level of olfactory receptor regulation, and provide a simple mechanism by whichC. elegansis able to precisely modulate its behavioral preferences as a function of its current and past experiences.