bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of parental benzo[a]pyrene exposure-induced cross-generational neurotoxicity and changes in offspring sperm DNA methylome in medaka fish
Authors: Wan Teng , Au Doris Wai-Ting , Mo Jiezhang , Chen Lianguo , Cheung Kwok-Ming , Kong Richard Yuen-Chong , Seemann Frauke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that DNA methylation changes could serve as potential genomic markers for environmental benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and intergenerational inheritance of various physiological impairments (e.g. obesity and reproductive pathologies). As a typical aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant, direct BaP exposure has been shown to induce neurotoxicity. To unravel the inheritance mechanisms of the BaP-induced bone phenotype in freshwater medaka, we conducted whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of F1 sperm and identified 776 differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that DMGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with neuronal development and function. Therefore, it was hypothesized that parental BaP exposure (1 μg/l, 21 days) causes offspring neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the possibility for sperm methylation as an indicator for a neurotoxic phenotype was investigated. The F0 adult brains and F1 larvae were analyzed for BaP-induced direct and inherited toxicity. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly reduced in the larvae, together with decreased swimming velocity. Molecular analysis revealed that the marker genes associated with neuron development and growth (alpha1-tubulin, mbp, syn2a, shh, and gap43) as well as brain development (dlx2, otx2, and krox-20) were universally downregulated in the F1 larvae (3 days post-hatching). While parental BaP exposure at an environmentally relevant concentration could induce neurotoxicity in the developing larvae, the brain function of the exposed F0 adults was unaffected. This indicates that developmental neurotoxicity in larvae may result from impaired neuronal development and differentiation, causing delayed brain growth. The present study demonstrates that the possible adverse health effects of BaP in the environment are more extensive than currently understood. Thus, the possibility of multigenerational BaP toxicity should be included in environmental risk assessments.
Trade globalization and social spending in Spain, 1850–2000
Authors: Espuelas Sergio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Between 1850 and 2000, Spanish trade openness experienced major changes. What was the impact on social spending? The econometric results suggest that globalization effect was conditional on fiscal capacity. When fiscal capacity was high (after the 1960s), trade openness had a positive effect on social spending. However, when fiscal capacity was low, trade openness effect was negative. The results are robust to alternative measures of fiscal capacity and consistent with a placebo test. Both the compensation effect and the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis find some empirical support: the final outcome depends on fiscal capacity.
Mobile Technology for Falls Prevention in Older Adults
Authors: Hsieh Katherine L , Chen Lingjun , Sosnoff Jacob J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Falls are the leading cause of accidental death in older adults that result from a complex interplay of risk factors. Recently, the need for person-centered approach utilizing personalization, prediction, prevention, and participation, known as the P4 model, in fall prevention has been highlighted. Features of mobile technology make it a suitable technological infrastructure to employ such an approach. This narrative review aims to review the evidence for using mobile technology for personalized fall risk assessment and prevention since 2017 in older adults. We aim to identify lessons learned and future directions for using mobile technology as a fall risk assessment and prevention tool. Articles were searched in PubMed and Web of Science with search terms related to older adults, mobile technology, and falls prevention. A total of 23 articles were included. Articles were identified as those examining aspects of the P4 model including prediction (measurement of fall risk), personalization (usability), prevention, and participation. Mobile technology appears to be comparable to gold-standard technology in measuring well-known fall risk factors including static and dynamic balance. Seven applications were developed to measure different fall risk factors and tested for personalization, and/or participation aspects, and 4 were integrated into a falls prevention program. Mobile health technology offers an innovative solution to provide tailored fall risk screening, prediction, and participation. Future studies should incorporate multiple, objective fall risk measures and implement them in community settings to determine if mobile technology can offer tailored and scalable interventions.
Functional Transcriptomic Analysis of Centenarians’ Offspring Reveals a Specific Genetic Footprint That May Explain That They Are Less Frail Than Age-Matched Noncentenarians’ Offspring
Authors: Inglés Marta , Belenguer-Varea Angel , Serna Eva , Mas-Bargues Cristina , Tarazona-Santabalbina Francisco J , Borrás Consuelo , Vina Jose 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Centenarians exhibit extreme longevity and compression of morbidity and display a unique genetic signature. Centenarians’ offspring seem to inherit centenarians’ compression of morbidity, as measured by lower rates of age-related pathologies. We aimed to ascertain whether centenarians’ offspring are less frail and whether they are endowed with a “centenarian genetic footprint” in a case–control study, matched 1:1 for gender, age ±5 years, and place of birth and residence. Cases must have a living parent aged 97 years or older, aged 65–80 years, community dwelling, not suffering from a terminal illness, or less than 6 months of life expectancy. Controls had to meet the same criteria as cases except for the age of death of their parents (not older than 89 years). Centenarians were individuals 97 years or older. Frailty phenotype was determined by Fried’s criteria. We collected plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 63 centenarians, 88 centenarians’ offspring, and 88 noncentenarians’ offspring. miRNA expression and mRNA profiles were performed by the GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array and GeneChip Clariom S Human Array, respectively. We found a lower incidence of frailty among centenarians’ offspring when compared with their contemporaries’ noncentenarians’ offspring (p &lt; .01). Both miRNA and mRNA expression patterns in centenarians’ offspring were more like those of centenarians than those of noncentenarians’ offspring (p &lt; .01). In conclusion, centenarians’ offspring are less frail than age-matched noncentenarians’ offspring, and this may be explained by their unique genetic endowment.
Relationships of Cerebral Perfusion With Gait Speed Across Systolic Blood Pressure Levels and Age: A Cohort Study
Authors: Windham B Gwen , Griswold Michael E , Ranadive Radhikesh , Sullivan Kevin J , Mosley Thomas H , Mielke Michelle M , Jack Clifford R , Knopman Dave , Petersen Ron , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine if the association of cerebral perfusion with gait speed differs across systolic blood pressure (SBP) and age.MethodsCerebral perfusion was measured via arterial spin labeled (ASL)-MRI among community-dwelling adults aged 31–94 years in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Usual gait speed was assessed over 5.6 meters on an electronic mat. Sex- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted linear regression models estimated cross-sectional gait speed associations with ASL and modifying effects of age and SBP using 3-way and 2-way interaction terms between continuous age, SBP, and ASL. Results report estimated differences in gait speed per standard deviation (SD) lower ASL for exemplar SBPs and ages.ResultsAmong 479 participants (mean age 67.6 years; 44% women; mean gait speed 1.17 m/s), ASL relations to gait speed varied by age (ASL-x–age interaction: p = .001) and SBP (ASL-x–SBP interaction: p = .009). At an SBP of 120 mmHg, each SD lower ASL was associated with a 0.04 m/s (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.07) slower gait speed at 65 years, 0.07 m/s (0.04, 0.10) at 75 years, and 0.09 m/s (0.05, 0.13) at 85 years. At an SBP of 140 mmHg, ASL associations with gait speed were attenuated to 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04), 0.04 (0.02, 0.06), and 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) m/s slower gait speed at ages 65, 75, and 85, respectively.ConclusionPoorer cerebral perfusion is associated with clinically meaningful slower gait speeds, particularly with older age, while higher perfusion markedly attenuates age differences in gait speed.
Targeting the high affinity receptor, FcγRI, in autoimmune disease, neuropathy, and cancer
Authors: Holtrop Tosca , Budding Kevin , Brandsma Arianne M , Leusen Jeanette H W 
Published: May 2022

The Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI or CD64) is the only human Fc receptor with a high affinity for monomeric IgG. It plays a crucial role in immunity, as it mediates cellular effector functions of antibodies including phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. FcγRI is constitutively saturated with monomeric IgG and this feeds the dogma that it has no role in immune responses. However, recent findings have implicated a role for FcγRI in various autoimmune disorders, neuropathies, and antibody therapy in tumor models. By a process known as ‘inside-out’ signaling, stimulation of myeloid cells with cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enhances FcγRI binding to immune complexes (ICs), including antibody-opsonized pathogens or tumor cells.This review focuses on the current knowledge on interaction of FcγRI with IgG and ICs and the effect of inside-out signaling on FcγRI functioning. Additionally, this review will address potential clinical applications of targeting FcγRI, and the tools that can be used to overcome IC-mediated autoimmune diseases on the one hand, and to enhance antibody-based anti-cancer therapy on the other.
Using the biomarker cotinine and survey self-report to validate smoking data from United States Veterans Health Administration electronic health records
Authors: McGinnis Kathleen A , Skanderson Melissa , Justice Amy C , Tindle Hilary A , Akgün Kathleen M , Wrona Aleksandra , Freiberg Matthew S , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Brown Sheldon T , Crothers Kristina A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTobacco use/smoking for epidemiologic studies is often derived from electronic health record (EHR) data, which may be inaccurate. We previously compared smoking from the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA) EHR clinical reminder data with survey data and found excellent agreement. However, the smoking clinical reminder items changed October 1, 2018. We sought to use the biomarker salivary cotinine (cotinine ≥30) to validate current smoking from multiple sources.Materials and MethodsWe included 323 Veterans Aging Cohort Study participants with cotinine, clinical reminder, and self-administered survey smoking data from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. We included International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes F17.21 and Z72.0. Operating characteristics and kappa statistics were calculated.ResultsParticipants were mostly male (96%), African American (75%) and mean age was 63 years. Of those identified as currently smoking based on cotinine, 86%, 85%, and 51% were identified as currently smoking based on clinical reminder, survey, and ICD-10 codes, respectively. Of those identified as not currently smoking based on cotinine, 95%, 97%, and 97% were identified as not currently smoking based on clinical reminder, survey, and ICD-10 codes. Agreement with cotinine was substantial for clinical reminder (kappa = .81) and survey (kappa = .83), but only moderate for ICD-10 (kappa = .50).DiscussionTo determine current smoking, clinical reminder, and survey agreed well with cotinine, whereas ICD-10 codes did not. Clinical reminders could be used in other health systems to capture more accurate smoking information.ConclusionsClinical reminders are an excellent source for self-reported smoking status and are readily available in the VHA EHR.
Feeding a high-energy finishing diet upon arrival to high-risk feedlot calves: effects on health, performance, ruminal pH, rumination, serum metabolites, and carcass traits
Authors: Crawford David M , Richeson John T , Perkins Thomas L , Samuelson Kendall L 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the impacts of feeding a high-energy finishing diet during both the receiving and finishing period compared with a lower-energy receiving diet with adaptation to the finishing diet on health, performance, serum chemistry, ruminal pH, rumination, and carcass characteristics of high-risk feedlot cattle. Five truck-load blocks of steers (n = 101) and bulls (n = 299) were used in a generalized complete block design and randomly assigned to receive: 1) finishing diet for the entire feeding period (FIN) or 2) receiving diet for the first 56 d, followed by a transition to the finishing diet (REC). All cattle were fed ad libitum and consumed the same diet by day 74. A subset of cattle (n = 48) was randomly selected to quantify ruminal pH, temperature, and rumination time. Ultrasound images were collected on days 0, 74, and 146 to determine fat thickness over the 12th rib and rump, and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Cattle fed FIN had less (P &lt; 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI) from days 0 to 74, but DMI did not differ (P = 0.80) after day 74. From days 0 to final, DMI was 0.26 kg less for FIN compared with REC (P = 0.01). However, calculated metabolizable energy intake was not different from days 0 to 74 (P = 0.19), days 74 to final (P = 0.80), or overall (P = 0.78). Body weight (BW) on day 74 was greater (P &lt; 0.01) and final BW tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for FIN compared with REC. Cattle consuming FIN had greater (P &lt; 0.01) average daily gain and increased (P &lt; 0.01) gain:feed from days 0 to 74. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.31) in health outcomes. On day 74, FIN had greater (P = 0.04) fat thickness over the rump and rib but did not differ (P ≥ 0.52) on day 146. Carcasses of FIN had greater (P = 0.04) hot carcass weight with no difference (P ≥ 0.11) in ribeye area, 12th rib fat thickness, yield grade, or quality grade. There was no difference (P = 0.18) in liver abscess rate. There was a diet × day interaction for blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.02) such that concentration decreased from days 0 to 28 in both treatments, but was less on day 28 for FIN. Ruminal pH was greater on days 2 and 61 and rumination time was less from days 0 to 28 for FIN (diet × day interaction; P &lt; 0.01). Overall, these results suggest that providing a finishing diet fed ad libitum to high-risk calves upon arrival may be a viable alternative to a low-energy receiving diet.
Same Same but Different? Why War-Sustaining Objects Can Be Destroyed but Not Targeted
Authors: Reetz Niklas S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fighting wars is expensive. Parties to an armed conflict therefore face incentives to take military action against an enemy’s ability to finance warfare. Disputes about the lawfulness of targeting economic objects that contribute to an adversary’s war-sustaining capability reach back as far as the American Civil War. The debate has recently regained attention with conflicts such as the fight against ISIS, where the international coalition carried out attacks against oil fields and money depots. In contrast to the argument of military necessity that states and scholars raise in favour of a broad interpretation of the definition of military objectives, this article finds that the purpose and extraordinary structure of Article 52(2) of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions preclude the targeting of war-sustaining economic objects. The article then explores a different, less-discussed mode of action against war-sustaining objects, namely their destruction. The so-called ‘cotton claims’ of the American Civil War are often invoked as a historical example of the lawful targeting of economic objects. A close analysis, however, shows that the facts underlying the cotton claims differ categorically from modern targeting practice. At the same time, the analysis reveals destruction as a potentially lawful alternative mode of action against economic objects. The cotton claims ultimately demonstrate that the destruction of economic objects outside the context of an attack can reconcile the argument of military necessity with the protection of civilian life, which is an insight equally relevant for modern warfare.
Bayesian methods for ancestral state reconstruction in morphosyntax: Exploring the history of argument marking strategies in a large language family
Authors: Phillips Joshua , Bowern Claire 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBayesian phylogenetic methods have been gaining traction and currency in historical linguistics, as their potential for uncovering elements of language change is increasingly understood. Here, we demonstrate a proof of concept for using ancestral state reconstruction methods to reconstruct changes in morphology. We use a simple Brownian motion model of character evolution to test how splits in ergative marking evolve across Pama-Nyungan, a large family of Australian languages. We are able to recover linguistically plausible paths of change, as well as rejecting implausible paths. The results of these analyses elucidate constraints on changes that have led to extensive synchronic variation in an interlocking morphological system. They further provide evidence of an ergative–accusative split traceable to Proto-Pama-Nyungan.
Humbug and a ‘Welsh Hindoo’: A Small History of Begging, Race and Language in Mid-nineteenth Century Liverpool
Authors: Johnes Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In 1849, a Liverpool newspaper printed a letter about an encounter with a lascar who was selling hymn sheets. The same newspaper had recently reported the arrest of someone similar for drunkenness and the letter writer, a migrant from Wales, confronted the hymn seller angrily in Welsh. To his surprise, the man responded in the same language and eventually confessed to being from Anglesey rather than Bombay. Much about the incident is unclear. Had the hymn seller coloured his skin? Why did he regard passing as an Indian as a useful sales technique? Why was the letter writer angry and why did he confront the man in Welsh? Did the incident even happen? Attempting to answer such questions can provide pointers to much wider historical issues. A ‘small history’ of this incident offers an opportunity to explore the dynamics of class, language and race in the middle of the nineteenth century. The incident reveals the anxieties the middle classes had around their position and whether their goodwill was being exploited by the poor. It points towards the impact of racism on people of colour and the significance of ethnicity for white migrants too. The incident also illustrates how the working classes and people of colour were not without agency, however they were thought about by those whose attitudes and power shaped their lives. Yet all these interpretations rest on a degree of supposition and the article concludes that historians too can engage in a degree of deception in their writings.
PHACT: Phylogeny-Aware Computing of Tolerance for Missense Mutations
Authors: Kuru Nurdan , Dereli Onur , Akkoyun Emrah , Bircan Aylin , Tastan Oznur , Adebali Ogun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Evolutionary conservation is a fundamental resource for predicting the substitutability of amino acids and the loss of function in proteins. The use of multiple sequence alignment alone—without considering the evolutionary relationships among sequences—results in the redundant counting of evolutionarily related alteration events, as if they were independent. Here, we propose a new method, PHACT, that predicts the pathogenicity of missense mutations directly from the phylogenetic tree of proteins. PHACT travels through the nodes of the phylogenetic tree and evaluates the deleteriousness of a substitution based on the probability differences of ancestral amino acids between neighboring nodes in the tree. Moreover, PHACT assigns weights to each node in the tree based on their distance to the query organism. For each potential amino acid substitution, the algorithm generates a score that is used to calculate the effect of substitution on protein function. To analyze the predictive performance of PHACT, we performed various experiments over the subsets of two datasets that include 3,023 proteins and 61,662 variants in total. The experiments demonstrated that our method outperformed the widely used pathogenicity prediction tools (i.e., SIFT and PolyPhen-2) and achieved a better predictive performance than other conventional statistical approaches presented in dbNSFP. The PHACT source code is available at https://github.com/CompGenomeLab/PHACT.
Standard clinical approaches and emerging modalities for glioblastoma imaging
Authors: Bernstock Joshua D , Gary Sam E , Klinger Neil , Valdes Pablo A , Ibn Essayed Walid , Olsen Hannah E , Chagoya Gustavo , Elsayed Galal , Yamashita Daisuke , Schuss Patrick , Gessler Florian A , Paolo Peruzzi Pier , Bag Asim K , Friedman Gregory K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary adult intracranial malignancy and carries a dismal prognosis despite an aggressive multimodal treatment regimen that consists of surgical resection, radiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Radiographic evaluation, largely informed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is a critical component of initial diagnosis, surgical planning, and post-treatment monitoring. However, conventional MRI does not provide information regarding tumor microvasculature, necrosis, or neoangiogenesis. In addition, traditional MRI imaging can be further confounded by treatment-related effects such as pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis, and/or pseudoresponse(s) that preclude clinicians from making fully informed decisions when structuring a therapeutic approach. A myriad of novel imaging modalities have been developed to address these deficits. Herein, we provide a clinically oriented review of standard techniques for imaging GBM and highlight emerging technologies utilized in disease characterization and therapeutic development.
Combination Therapy With Casirivimab/Imdevimab and Remdesivir for Protracted SARS-CoV-2 Infection in B-cell-Depleted Patients
Authors: Dioverti M Veronica , Gaston David C , Morris C Paul , Huff Carol Ann , Jain Tania , Jones Richard , Anders Viki , Lederman Howard , Saunders Jacqueline , Mostafa Heba H , Avery Robin K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Profoundly B-cell-depleted patients can have prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections with evidence of active viral replication, due to inability to mount an adequate humoral response to clear the virus. We present 3 B-cell-depleted patients with prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 infection who were successfully treated with a combination of casirivimab/imdevimab and remdesivir.