bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Karate 1 E Applied in Varying Concentrations of Urea on Aphid Control Test-III, 1991
Authors: Long D. W. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a completely randomized block, with 11 treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Cotton was planted on 7 May with plots consisting of 2 rows (on 102 cm center) × 6.1 m and foliar sprays were applied with a utility tractor equipped with a compressed air system calibrated with water to deliver 95 liters/ha at 3.7 kg/cm2 (2 TX-6 nozzles/row) and 5.5 km/h. Treatments were applied on 15 Jul and plots were evaluated on 18 Jul. The test area had not been treated previously and plant height at treatment initiation ranged from 75-100 cm. Effectiveness of aphid infestations was evaluated by randomly collecting 25 plant terminals from each plot and placing them immediately into 0.95 liter glass jars. In the laboratory, 10 ml of sodium hypochlorite (5.25%), 5 ml of dilute liquid detergent solution, and 500 ml of tap water added to the glass jars. Following vigorous agitation, the contents of the jars were poured onto a no. 30 metal sieve and plants were thoroughly washed to dislodge remaining aphids, which were tunneled into 300-mesh sieves. Contents of the 300-mesh sieve were backwashed into a Buchner filter apparatus (7 cm diam) containing ruled filter paper. Numbers of aphids were determined using a Zeiss binocular stereoscope at 12× magnification. Rainfall was recorded on 17 Jul (2.2 cm) and 21 Jul (1.8 cm).
Foliar Insect Control in Lupin, 1991
Authors: Noetzel David , Sheets Becky 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was planted at the Staples Irrigation Station on 26 Apr using a 4 row John Deere Maximerge planter. Plots were 4 rows × 7.6 m in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Seed was inoculated before planting. The soil applications of Furadan 4 F to 4 plots were made using 2 liters of water as a carrier and placed in a 10 cm band over the newly planted row. The field was lightly irrigated to insure uniform and rapid germination. Foliar insecticides were broadcast applied in 2 liters water total/4 plots (.0023 ha) on 7 and 25 Jun. Stand counts, seedcorn maggot injury and yields were recorded. Shortly after 1 Jun a severe disease (CoUetotricum sp., Phoma sp, and Phtftoketa sp) outbreak occurred. Three applications of systemic fungicide were applied to the entire experiment in an attempt to check the epidemic.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite in Peanut, 1991
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected pesticides were evaluated for control of TSSM in 'NC-llC Virginiatype peanut in Isle of Wight County, VA. Peanuts were planted using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied on 23 Jul using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated 3 h before and 3 and 9 DAT by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 2 randomly selected leaflets per plot. Mite counts were made in the field using 10 × magnification lenses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Planting Time Treatments for Control of Tobacco Thrips in Peanut, 1991
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of planting time insecticide treatments was evaluated against TT injury in Virginia-type peanut. Peanuts were planted 6 May with 36-inch row spacing. In-furrow (IF) treatments were applied into the seed furrow at planting, granules using a tractor-mounted Noble applicator, liquids using a COs pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre at 24 psi through 1SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to row direction. Band, preplant incorporated (ppi) treatments were applied just before planting in a 12 to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gal/ acre at 22 psi through one 8004E nozzle per row, then soil incorporated 3 to 4 inches deep with a land conditioner. Seed treatments were applied by gently rolling seeds in a plastic bag containing product until seeds were evenly coated. Additional band, late cracking time foliar applications were made to some treatments to evaluate sustained activity. These were applied similarly to band, ppi applications but about 2 weeks after planting (21 May) and not soil incorporated. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = no TT injured leaves and 10 = 100% leaves injured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Apple, Lorsban Timing and Rate Trial for Insect Control, 1990
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to mature trees near Douglas, MI ('A' Block) at a rate of 125 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 sprayer. Treatments were arranged as completely randomized units consisting of single trees replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied on 24 Apr (1/2 inch green), 30 Apr (P), 15 May (PF), 27 May (1C), 8 Jun (2C), 19 Jun (2C), 1 Jul (4C), 14 Jul (5C), 27 Jul (6C), 8 Aug (7C), 19 Aug (8C), 3 Sep (9C), and 17 Sep (10C). When timed applications were not made, treatment plots were maintained with Cuthion 35 W at a 3.0 lb per acre rate. Dodine and Nova were applied separately to all treatments. On 23 Jul 100 apples per replicate (400 per treatment) were evaluated for internal lepidoptera (CM, OFM, LAW) damage. At harvest, 24 Sep, 100 fruit per replicate (400 per treatment) were examined for pest damage.
Evaluation of an Aerial Application of Dimiun and Sevin for Rangeland Grasshopper Control, 1991
Authors: Bomar Charles R. , Lockwood Jeffrey A. , DeBrey Larry D. , Schell Scott P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dimilin WP and Sevin XLR were applied to a rangeland site in Platte County, WY. Treatments were randomly assigned to 16, 40-acre plots, with 4 replicates of: untreated, 1.0, and 3.0 oz per acre of Dimilin, and 24.0 oz per acre of Sevin. Treatments were aerially applied on 19 Jun, in 60 ft swaths. Grasshopper densities were estimated in each plot by using 27, visualized ft2 samples; species and age composition were determined by taking 100 sweeps with a 12 in diam sweep net. These samplings procedures were conducted immediately prior to treatment and 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment. Fisher's protected LSD post-ANOVA test was used to evaluate differences in grasshopper densities at each sampling time. Mortality rates were calculated after correcting for mortality and development in the untreated plots. Due to initial differences in community structure between plots, it was not possible to statistically analyze the effects of treatment on the frequency distributions of species and developmental stages.
Control of RWW with Carbofuran, 1991
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study consisted of 2 experiments conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. Experiment 1 was designed as a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Plot size was 16 ft × 12 rows 7 inches apart. Rice was drill planted at 100 lbs seed/acre on 4 Apr and flushed with rain on the same date. Thiobencarb was applied preemergence on 9 Apr at 4.0 lbs (AI)/acre. Rice emerged 9 d after planting. Urea was applied at the seedling stage of growth on 26 Apr at 68 lbs N/acre. Propanil and bentazon were applied at 3 and 0.75 lbs (AI)/acre, respectively, on 6 May, 7 d before the permanent flood which was applied 30 d after rice emergence. Urea was applied a second time at 51 lbs N/acre immediately before the permanent flood. From rice emergence to the permanent flood, rice was flushed as needed. Flowable Furadan was applied to rice using a 4 nozzle spray rig with 800067 tips and 100 mesh screens. Spray vol was 20.5 gal/acre. Flowable Furadan was also applied to urea by slowly and gradually pipetting the liquid onto the fertilizer in a glass jar which was shaken continuously for 5 min. The carbofurancoated urea was air dried and clumps were.manually broken up and applied by hand. Granular carbofuran was applied with a hand-held shaker. Plots sprayed with flowable Furadan and treated with carbofuran-coated urea were surrounded by metal barriers to prevent movement of insecticide. Bensulfuron was applied at 1 oz (AI)/acre on 17 May, 4 d after the permanent flood. Urea was applied a third and fourth time at 51 lbs N/acre on 28 May and 12 Jun. Five, 4-inch diameter by 4-inch deep soil cores containing approximately 1 plant were removed from each plot on 4 Jun, 22 d after the permanent flood. Plants in cores were washed and roots inspected for RWW immatures. The middle 8 rows of each plot were harvested at maturity with a combine. Grain was cleaned, weighed, and yield adjusted to 12% moisture. Experiment 2 was designed the same as Experiment 1. Urea was applied preplant on 12 Jul at 68 lb N/acre followed by drill planting at 100 lb seed/acre on the same date. Plots were flushed 13 Jul and thiobencarb applied preemergence 18 Jul at 4 lbs AI/ acre. Rice emerged 8 d after planting. Propanil and bentazon were applied at 3 and 0.75 lbs Al/acre, respectively, on 31 Jul 7 d before the permanent flood which was applied 18 d after rice emergence. Urea was applied a second time at 51 lbs N/acre on 7 Aug immediately before the permanent flood. Flowable Furadan was applied to urea and granular carbofuran was applied to plots as described in Experiment 1. Evaluation of treatment efficacy and harvest methods were the same as in Experiment 1. Efficacy data from both experiments were transformed using Vx + 0.5. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and, where appropriate, means separated by DMRT.
Chinch Bug Control with Sevin XLR Plus and Liquid Ivory Soap, 1991
Authors: Spike B. P. , Wright R. J. , Danielson S. D. , Pryor R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted to compare the efficacy of Ivory* soap and water, an unorthodox treatment used by some NE farmers to control CB, with an insecticide labeled for use on CB. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Each treated plot was approx. 10 × 15 m. The sorghum was bordered on the east by CB-infested winter wheat. Treatments were applied at dusk 2 Jul 1991 to 5-6 leaf sorghum plants with drop nozzles (flat fan) directed at the base of the plant, 21.7 gal/ acre with tractor speed of 1 mph. The control treatment consisted of running the tractor and spray equipment down the infested rows, but no treatment (not even water) was applied. Preteatment CB counts were taken earlier on 2 Jul. Posttreatment counts were taken on 3 Jul. To determine CB densities, 4 plants were randomly selected from the center of each plot, cut, and placed in 0.5 gal ZipLoc* bags; CB were counted in the laboratory. For posttreatment CB counts, live and dead CB per plant were determined. At the time of treatment, chinch bugs were in the adult stage, moving from the adjacent wheat field.
Selected Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control in Soybean in Virginia, 1991
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against CEW in soybean. Asgrow '5979' soybean was planted on 3 Jun using a 36-inch row spacing. Aldicarb was applied at 0.75 lb (AI)/acre in furrow. Treatments were applied on 6 Aug using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, one over the top of the row and one on each side. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated 3 h before and 3, 6, 10, 14, and 17 DAT by comparing numbers of small (1st and 2nd instars), medium (3rd and 4th instars), large (5th and 6th instars), and total larvae per 3 row feet using a standard beat cloth sampling technique. Yield was determined by combining the center 2 rows of each plot (80 row feet) using a Hege small-plot combine. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Control of Soybean Loopers and Velvetbean Caterpillars on Soybeans, 1991
Authors: Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two field tests were conducted in conventionally planted and tilled soybeans at the Wiregrass Substation in Headland, AL. Ten treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 15 ft alley. Treatments were applied in water on 30 Aug using a boom sprayer equipped with 1 TX 10 nozzle per row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Insect populations were monitored by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between 2 randomly selected rows and by beating both rows. Samples were taken at 1 hr before treatment and at 4, 5, and 7 DAT.
Soybean Looper Control with Selected Experimental Insecticides, 1991
Authors: Mink J. S. , Boethel D. J. , Wier A. T. , Thomas J. D. , Leonard B. R. , Bums E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of selected experimental insecticides was evaluated for soybean looper control in Northeast LA. Test I was conducted on the Macon Ridge Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Plots consisted of 4 rows on 1.0 m centers × 15.2 m. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 5 replications. Insecticides were applied on 31 Aug to 'Centennial' soybeans in the R5 growth stage with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters total spray/ha at 1.4 kg/cm2 through 8002 nozzles (2/row). Plots were sampled at 3 and 7 DAT using 2, 25-sweep samples with a standard 0.4 m diam sweep net. The test plots received 1.2 cm of rainfall on I Sep, 0.2 cm rainfall on 2 Sep, and 0.7 cm rainfall on 3 Sep. Test II was conducted on the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plots consisted of 4 rows on 1.0 m centers × 19.7 m. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 4 Sep to 'Deltapine 105' soybeans in the R5 growth stage with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters total spray/ ha at 3.36 kg/cm2 through 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row). Plots were sampled 2 DAT using two 25-sweep samples with a standard 0.4 m diam sweep net.
Soybean Insect Pest Control, 1990
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont, and was designed as a randomized complete block with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Soybeans were planted 16 Jun in rows 32 inches wide and were not irrigated. Plot size was 6 rows, 40 ft long with 2 buffer rows between plots. On 18 Jun, before seedling emergence (24 Jun), plots were treated with glyphosate and metolachlor at 1.0 lb and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. On 3 Jul plots were treated with Storm (bentazon + acifluorfen) at 1.5 pt/acre. Insecticide treatments were applied 25 Sep with a 4-nozzle hand-held boom sprayer equipped with 800067 tips in a final spray volume of 10 gal/ acre. The propellant was COa at 22 psi. Applications were made at 1530h during calm, clear conditions. No rain fell for 1 wk after application of treatments; however, for the entire insect sampling period (24 Sep-23 Oct) 4.65 inches of rain was recorded. One day before and 1, 3, 8, 14, 21, and 23 days after application, 9 ft of row in each plot were sampled with a vertical beat sheet. Samples were placed into plastic bags and refrigerated. The contents of the bags were transferred to vials containing preservative and later identified. Yield was obtained by harvesting 20 ft of each of the middle 2 rows of each plot. Insect data were transformed by x + 0.5 and all data were analyzed using ANOVA and where appropriate DMRT.
Evaluation of Dimilin and Benlate for Soybean Insect Pest and Disease Control, 1990
Authors: Way M. O. , Whitney N. G. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Soil type was a Midland silty clay loam. Plot size was 40 ft × 6 rows (32-inch row spacing) with 2 buffer rows on either side of each plot. Plots were planted 16 Jun at about 10 seeds/ft. On 18 Jun plots were treated with 2 pt Dual and 1 qt Roundup/acre in a finished spray volume of 20 gal/acre. Seedlings emerged 24 Jun but the stand was not uniform due to large amounts of partially decayed organic matter which arose from a heavy weed cover at the time of land preparation. On 3 Jul plots were treated with 1.5 pt Storm/acre in a finished spray volume of 20 gal/acre. On 28 Aug (when soybeans were in V13 R3) Dimilin, Benlate, and Dimilin + Benlate treatments were applied to 4 rows of each plot using a Solo backpack sprayer. Finished spray volume was 20 gal/acre. One day pre-application and 2, 7, and 14 day post-application samples of insects were taken; however, insect populations were too low on all sample dates for a meaningful evaluation. A repeat application of treatments was made (when soybeans were V15 R5) on 20 Sep. At this time target insect populations were evident and increasing. Pre-application (2 h before application) and 1, 7, 13, 20, and 32 d post-application insect samples were taken. Each sample consisted of shaking soybean plants along 9 ft of row over a vertical beat sheet. Insects were shaken and brushed from the vertical beat sheet into a plastic bag which was frozen for later inspection of the contents. One sample (9 ft of sampled row) was taken from each plot on each sample date. From time of application on 20 Sep to 14 d later no appreciable precipitation was recorded. On 6 Nov plots were visually rated for disease severity. Anthracnose was the predominant disease. At maturity, 40 ft of row in each plot was harvested with a small plot combine. Insect count data were transformed using Vx + 0.5 and all data analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT where appropriate.
Control of Southern Green Stink Bug on Soybean, 1991
Authors: Wier A. T. , Mink J. S. , Thomas J. D. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small plot insecticide screening trials were conducted in Iberville Parish at St. Gabriel Research Station to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides for control of SGSB. In Test 1, plots measuring 15.24 m by 8 rows (0.91 m row spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor and CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.6 liters/ha at 1.12 kg/cm2 through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Treatments were applied on 12 Sep to 'Centennial' soybeans in the R5 growth stage. Posttreatment samples consisting of 2 sets of 25 sweeps (38.2 cm diam sweep net) were taken at 2, 7, and 14 DAT. In Test 2, plots measuring 15.24 m by 4 rows (0.92 m row spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with identical equipment, pressure, and output. Treatments were applied on 27 Sep to 'Centennial' soybeans in the R6 growth stage. Posttreatment samples were taken at 3, 7, and 14 DAT. Rainfall amounts measured were 0.23, 0.64, and 0.38 cm on 16, 24, and 25 Sep, respectively.
Two Spotted Spider Mite and Bean Leaf Beetle Control in Ohio, 1991
Authors: Wilson H. R. , Eisley J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted at the OARDC Northwestern Field Station near Hoytville to evaluate the efficacy of an acaricide applied at 2 rates and 4 insecticide treatments for control of TSSM on soybeans. The block selected for treatment had been fallow in 1990, planted 11 May, and was found in late Jul to be infested with TSSM that was evenly distributed throughout the block. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment was used. Plots were 200 ft in length and 4 rows wide at 30 inch row spacing. Treatments were broadcasted 5 Aug with a 4 row, 10 ft boom with nozzles (Spraying Systems XR 8002) mounted at 15 inch intervals. The system was calibrated to deliver 32 gal/acre at 32 psi, at a tractor speed of 3 mph., when the soybean stand was in the early pod formation stage. Posttreatment TSSM abundance was determined by random collection of 40 leaves per replicate on 14 Aug, brushing the mites from the leaves on to a sticky glass plate, and counting the number of mites with a binocular microscope. Since the block was also impacted by a severe infestation of BLB, subsequent pod injury damage due to 2nd generation BLB was evaluated. In a neighboring block, sweep net sampling of BLB adults averaged 1.4 BLB per sweep on 25 Jul, 1.2 BLB per sweep on 7 Aug, and 5.2 BLB per sweep on 15 Aug.
Application Techniques Study for Mexican Rice Borer Control on Sugarcane, 1991
Authors: Meagher R. L. , Saldafia R. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar spray concentrates were applied aerially to a field of 1st ratoon sugarcane, cultivar 'TCP 81-3058', located in Hidalgo County, near Santa Rosa, TX. The field was sectioned into plots of 22 rows (152.4-cm centers) × 374.3 m, with the 11 treated rows in the center. Insecticide treatments were randomly assigned to plots in a complete block design with 4 replications. Each spray was aerially applied to the crop canopy on 16.8-m swath widths (11 rows) at a rate of 18.9 liters finished formulation (insecticide + water + ValBuff at 2.0 pt/100 gal) per acre. Prespray counts of infested leafsheaths from randomly-collected stalks (25 stalks/replication, 100 stalks/treatment) were made 28 May. Azinphosmethyl (Guthion 2 L at 0.75 lb [AI]/acre treatments were applied beginning 4 Jun and continued after leafsheath infestations exceeded 10%. Treatments included morning (before 7:00 am) and evening (after 7:00 pm) applications with or without the addition of a stickerspreader (Valco X-Plus Sticker Spreader at 1 pt/100 gal). Postspray sample counts of bored internodes (25 stalks/replication, 100 stalks/treatment) were taken 29 Jul and 2 Oct to evaluate injury levels. Yield and quality parameters were measured at harvest (10-12 Oct).
Apple, Broad Spectrum Control with Fenoxycarb, 1990
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to mature trees in Fennville, MI (Macspur S—Block) at a rate of 100 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications of all materials were made as indicated on; 15 May (PF), 25 May (IC), 19 Jun (3C), 15 Jul, and 29 Aug. Dodine was applied separately to all treatments. Evaluations of fruit damage were made on 19 Jul and 20 Sep by randomly picking 100 apples per replicate (400 apples per treatment), and evaluating them for damage by insect pests. Internal feeders included CM, LAW, and OFM.