bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in foraging behaviour suggest competition between wild and domestic ungulates: Guanaco and domestic sheep in southern Patagonia
Authors: Lancaster A. , Corti P. , Fernández T. , Moraga C. A. , Radic‐Schilling S. , von Hardenberg A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious attempts to address the presence of interspecific competition between domestic livestock and wild ungulates have focused largely on habitat or dietary overlaps. Although overlaps in habitat or diet create opportunities for competition to occur between species, competition only results from such overlap if it affects one or both species negatively. Less attention has been afforded to possible behavioural modifications induced in wildlife by competition with domestic livestock. Here, we investigated the effects of the presence of livestock on feeding behaviour of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in southern Patagonia, using focal sampling of individuals during foraging bouts, with instantaneous scan samples to estimate group behavioural budgets. We recorded guanaco bite and step rates, used as proxies of foraging intake and selectivity, from four different study sites over eight consecutive seasons. We also estimated sheep and guanaco densities per site, along with vegetation biomass availability. As in other ungulates, bite rates of guanaco appear to be highly flexible and generally increased with vegetation biomass availability. However, as sheep densities and thus additional grazing pressure increased, guanaco foraging strategy compensated by increasing bite rates when foraging vegetation was scarce, indicating further likelihood of competition. Additionally, scan samples indicated that the probability of guanaco feeding occurring at any one time was higher in areas shared with domestic sheep compared to national parks, suggesting guanaco have to focus more on feeding than other behaviours when sheep are present.
Symptom patterns in the daily life of PSC patients
Authors: van Munster Kim N. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Oude Elferink Ronald P. J. , Beuers Ulrich , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) may suffer from complaints such as pruritus, right upper abdominal quadrant pain (RUQ‐A) and fatigue. However, the severity of these complaints, daily and/or seasonal patterns and other factors of influence in PSC are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess daily symptoms and patterns thereof in PSC patients in their natural setting.MethodsA mobile application was designed according to the experience sampling method. Push notifications with a response time of max 4 h were sent during tiers of 3 months. Questions comprised VAS scales on degree of pruritus, fatigue, RUQ‐A, time of the day these symptoms were worst, as well as time of intake of medication. Linear mixed modelling was used to identify patient‐ and external factors associated with pruritus, fatigue and RUQ‐A pain.ResultsA total of 6713 questionnaires were completed by 137 patients. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom among PSC patients being reported in a striking 71% of measurements, followed by pruritus (38%). Both increased during the day and were associated with longer disease duration. A highly significant correlation between pruritus and day temperature was observed (ρ = −0.14, p = .000), and itch was generally worse during winter (p = .000). Patient preference for the tool was high.ConclusionPruritus and fatigue are prevalent symptoms in the daily life of PSC patients and show a distinct diurnal pattern. This may have implications for efficient dosing of anti‐pruritic agents. The level of pruritus is highly correlated with day temperature, which may have several implications.
CsrD regulates amylovoran biosynthesis and virulence in Erwinia amylovora in a novel cyclic‐di‐GMP dependent manner
Authors: Kharadi Roshni R. , Sundin George W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractErwinia amylovora is an economically devastating plant pathogen that causes fire blight disease in members of the Rosaceae family, most notably in apple and pear. The exopolysaccharide amylovoran is a pathogenicity determinant in E. amylovora and a major component of the extracellular matrix of biofilms formed within the xylem vasculature of the host plant. The second messenger cyclic‐di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) has been reported to positively regulate the transcription of amsG (the first gene in the 12‐gene amylovoran [ams] biosynthetic operon), thus impacting amylovoran production. However, the regulatory mechanism by which this interaction occurs is largely unknown. Here, we report that c‐di‐GMP can bind to specific residues in the EAL domain of the E. amylovora protein CsrD. CsrD and RNase E regulate the degradation of the sRNA CsrB in E. amylovora. When CsrD is bound to c‐di‐GMP, there is an enhancement in the level of RNase E‐mediated degradation of CsrB, which then alters amsG transcription. Additionally, csrD was also found to positively contribute to virulence and biofilm formation. We thus present a pathway of conditional regulation of amylovoran production mediated by changing intracellular levels of c‐di‐GMP, which impacts disease progression.
The effect of an ICU liaison nurse‐led family‐centred transition intervention program in an adult ICU
Authors: Li Baiyu , Yang Qin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundICUs follow a restrictive companionship policy, especially after the COVID‐19 outbreak. This strategy often limits the time families spend with patients, hinders their knowledge and skills in caregiving, and the sudden transfer of ICU patients to assist with disease monitoring and daily care can be very stressful for families. It is beneficial to use the transition period of transferring ICU patients to help families adjust to the role of caregiver.AimTo develop and implement a patient‐ and family‐centered transitional care intervention plan for patients transferred to the ICU.DesignProspective, pretest and posttest design.MethodsThe experimental group received an individualized family‐centered transition plan led by the ICU liaison nurse that included 1) communication with health care professionals; distribution of a transfer booklet; 2) identification of nursing issues and communication with the ward nurse; invitation of family members to participate in the patient's rehabilitation; 3) follow‐up instruction on bedside range of motion exercises; and provision of a patient rehabilitation diary. Patients in the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, Family Satisfaction with ICU Patients (FS‐ICU), the Family Relocation Stress Scale (FRSS), and the Stanford Acute Stress Response Questionnaire (SASRQR).ResultsAfter the intervention, the total family satisfaction score of ICU patients in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (87.18 ± 8.38 vs 78.74 ± 10.63,p<0.001), and the satisfaction with the care and information provided was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (p< 0.001), with no significant difference between the two groups in terms of satisfaction with decision making (p>0.001). The level of relocation stress of patients' families was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention (p< 0.001). And there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of patients' acute stress disorder scores (p>0.001).ConclusionThe implementation of a family‐involved transition care programme significantly improved the satisfaction of ICU patients' families and reduced the stress of relocation for patients' families.Relevance to clinical practiceFocusing on the transition of ICU patients to ensure continuity of critical care and improve the quality of care for ICU patient transfers can be accomplished through a family‐centered transition care plan led by the ICU liaison nurse.
Family member's experiences with and evaluation of an ICU Liaison Nurse Service: A qualitative study
Authors: Boerenbeker Pernilla , Brandén Ann‐Sofie , Chaboyer Wendy , Hilli Yvonne , Johansson Lotta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamily members of critically ill patients often experience anxiety when their relatives are transferred from ICU to another level of care. ICU liaison nurse (ICULN) visits have been associated with improved support for patients, their families and nursing staff but has not been extensively studied in the non‐English speaking setting. Yet, cross‐country variations such as how hospital care is delivered and by who means that innovations such as the ICULN may not be able to be simply transferred to other contexts and may not have similar outcomes.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate family member's experiences with and evaluation of ICULN support service in one Swedish ICU.Study DesignA qualitative evaluation study was undertaken, recruiting family members of former ICU patients. Audio‐taped in‐depth interviews were conducted. Data were analysed by content analysis.FindingsFifteen family members were interviewed. Two categories: Minds the gap between intensive care and the next care level and providing stability in an uncertain situation were identified. The ICULN supported the family members both directly, when the ICULNs listened to their questions and met their needs, and indirectly, when the ICULNs took responsibility for the patients and their physical and psychological conditions and wellbeing.ConclusionFamilies valued and were satisfied with the ICULN service but also gave suggestions to improve the service in this particular hospital context.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study showed that an ICULN support service met several needs of family members and therefore was a beneficial way to support patients and family members in the transition from the ICU to the ward.
miniTurbo‐based interactomics of two plasma membrane‐localized SNARE proteins in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Melkonian Katharina , Stolze Sara Christina , Harzen Anne , Nakagami Hirofumi 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Marchantia polymorpha is a model liverwort and its overall low genetic redundancy is advantageous for dissecting complex pathways. Proximity‐dependent in vivo biotin‐labelling methods have emerged as powerful interactomics tools in recent years. However, interactomics studies applying proximity labelling are currently limited to angiosperm species in plants.

Here, we established and evaluated a miniTurbo‐based interactomics method in M. polymorpha using MpSYP12A and MpSYP13B, two plasma membrane‐localized SNARE proteins, as baits.

We show that our method yields a manifold of potential interactors of MpSYP12A and MpSYP13B compared to a coimmunoprecipitation approach. Our method could capture specific candidates for each SNARE.

We conclude that a miniTurbo‐based method is a feasible tool for interactomics in M. polymorpha and potentially applicable to other model bryophytes. Our interactome dataset on MpSYP12A and MpSYP13B will be a useful resource to elucidate the evolution of SNARE functions.
CLE42 delays leaf senescence by antagonizing ethylene pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Tan Shuya , Gao Yuhan , Kan Chengcheng , Wang Hou‐Ling , Yang Qi , Xia Xinli , Ishida Takashi , Sawa Shinichiro , Guo Hongwei , Li Zhonghai 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is influenced by numerous internal and environmental factors. CLE family peptides are plant‐specific peptide hormones that regulate various developmental processes. However, the role of CLE in regulating Arabidopsis leaf senescence remains unclear.

Here, we found that CLE42 is a negative regulator of leaf senescence by using a CRISPR/Cas9‐produced CLE mutant collection. The cle42 mutant displayed earlier senescence phenotypes, while overexpression of CLE42 delayed age‐dependent and dark‐induced leaf senescence. Moreover, application of the synthesized 12‐amino‐acid peptide (CLE42p) also delayed leaf senescence under natural and dark conditions. CLE42 and CLE41/44 displayed functional redundancy in leaf senescence, and the cle41 cle42 cle44 triple mutant displayed more pronounced earlier senescence phenotypes than any single mutant.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes obtained by RNA‐Seq methodology revealed that the ethylene pathway was suppressed by overexpressing CLE42. Moreover, CLE42 suppressed ethylene biosynthesis and thus promoted the protein accumulation of EBF, which in turn decreased the function of EIN3. Accordingly, mutation of EIN3/EIL1 or overexpression of EBF1 suppressed the earlier senescence phenotypes of the cle42 mutant.

Together, our results reveal that the CLE peptide hormone regulates leaf senescence by communicating with the ethylene pathway.
Is apicectomy with retrograde filling still relevant in contemporary dental practice? A 25‐year retrospective review
Authors: Anyanechi Charles Ezechukwu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundApicectomy with retrograde filling has always been a viable treatment option for a tooth when conventional endodontic therapy is not indicated, impossible or unsuccessful.ObjectiveTo determine reasons for apicectomy with retrograde filling, dentitions affected, age and gender of the patients, including complication(s) 4 years after the procedures.Materials and MethodsThis is a 25‐year retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients treated in the study centre. Clinical symptoms and signs of morbidity and mortality of tooth‐like pain, tenderness to percussion and evidence of discharging sinus or fistula formation, swelling, tooth mobility and loss were recorded 4 weeks after the procedures. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed.ResultsA total of 567 procedures were done in 567 patients, 34 (6.0%) failed to meet the inclusion criteria. Consequently, of the 533 patients used for analysis, 58.4% were males whilst 41.6% are females with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1 (p = 0.04). A majority (94.2%) of the patients are in the age group of 17–46 years (p = 0.000). The indications for the procedures showed that failed root canal therapy (78.2%) was significant (p = 0.001). More cases were done in the maxillary anterior dentition (82.7%, p = 0.001), and 97.8% (p = 0.000) was treated successfully.ConclusionThis study shows that a significant majority of the patients were successfully managed, which suggests that the procedure is still an indication for the management of the conditions diagnosed.
Do adults with splenic dysfunction, splenectomy or congenital asplenia require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental extraction? A systematic review
Authors: Abed Hassan , Alsahafi Elham 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe spleen is a multi‐functional organ that supports the immune system and is involved in the production of platelets and red blood cells. People with splenic dysfunctions or asplenia are predisposed to infection; hence, adults with splenic dysfunction, splenectomy or congenital asplenia may require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures to prevent possible bacteraemia which could be caused by dental extraction.AimsTo assess the current evidence to determine whether adults with splenic dysfunction, splenectomy or congenital asplenia require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental extraction.Materials and MethodsA systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (registration number: CRD42021230933) was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. PROSPERO was searched for ongoing or recently completed systematic reviews and The ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for ongoing or recently completed trials. The evidence of all articles was evaluated based on the Oxford Level of Evidence. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to summarise the evidence.ResultsNine articles published from 1984 to 2016 were included in the data synthesis and analysis. The included articles presented level 5 evidence; hence, all were identified at level D of the recommendation.ConclusionsAntibiotic prophylaxis should not be routinely prescribed for adults with splenic dysfunctions, splenectomy or congenital asplenia prior to dental extraction as sepsis post‐dental extraction in this group of patients is very rare.
Successful haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and durable engraftment by repeated donor lymphocyte infusions for a Chinese patient with transfusion‐dependent hemoglobin (Hb) Hammersmith and massive splenomegaly
Authors: Chan Wilson Y. K. , Chan Nelson C. N. , So Jason C. C. , Lee Pamela P. W. , Cheuk Daniel K. L. , Ha S. Y. , Chan Godfrey C. F. , Leung Wing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemoglobin (Hb) Hammersmith is a rare form of unstable β‐chain hemoglobinopathy causing hemolytic anemia. This rare event led to a more serious transfusion‐dependent phenotype in a patient. It was successfully cured by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods and ResultsA 9‐year‐old mainland Chinese male with a history of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was diagnosed to have hemoglobin (Hb) Hammersmith. He required regular blood transfusion but was unable to be transfused to desired parameters for 8 years prior to transplant due to social and geographical reasons. He subsequently developed marrow hyperplasia and progressive splenomegaly (down to umbilicus level), suggestive of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Eventually, the family came to Hong Kong and complied to a more intensive transfusion regimen and preconditioning chemotherapy 3 months prior to transplant. He underwent haploidentical HSCT using paternal TCRαβ/CD45RA‐depleted graft but suffered from graft rejection, despite splenic irradiation for massive splenomegaly. It was successfully salvaged with second HSCT with unmanipulated graft from the same donor with additional serotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusions.ConclusionAllogenic haploidentical HSCT for hemoglobin Hammersmith is feasible but adequate immunosuppression during conditioning is crucial. Precise adoptive cell therapy can promote durable engraftment.
Nature aesthetics
Authors: Dow James M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNature aesthetics is concerned with four core questions: What is a natural environment? What is relevant, psychologically speaking, to the aesthetic appreciation of natural environments? How ought we to aesthetically appreciate natural environments? What is the relationship between nature aesthetics and environmental ethics? In this essay, I first address in Section 2 whether theorizing about nature aesthetics is possible by challenging the non‐aesthetics view, according to which aesthetic appreciation of nature is not possible, and the relativity view, according to which aesthetic appreciation of nature is possible, but it is an anything goes affair. In Section 3, I outline the core arguments for scientific cognitivism and provide objections to those arguments, making room for alternative views. In Section 4, I outline the distinction between cognitivism and non‐cognitivism and discuss the benefits of the engagement view. In Section 5, I outline the sympathetic imagination view of nature aesthetics. In Section 6, I discuss the emotions view. In Section 7, after summarizing the lessons learned from these debates, I argue for a new view— Enacting Nature's Value— which proposes that we need to rethink nature aesthetics in terms of an enactivist account of aesthetic agency according to which the aesthetic appreciation of nature is a skilled action. In Section 8, I close by considering four future directions for nature aesthetics in the second generation of inquiry.
Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens endo‐glucanase 16 is involved in the cell wall development of young tissue
Authors: Behar Hila , Samuels Anne Lacey , Brumer Harry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlants maintain large repertoires of carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes)—comprising between 3% and 10% of their genomes—to synthesize, modify, and degrade the polysaccharide components of the cell wall. We recently identified a unique group of plant endo‐glucanases from Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16, viz. EG16 orthologs, which constitute a sister clade to the well‐known XYLOGLUCAN ENDO‐TRANSGLYCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE (XTH) gene products. Biochemical analysis of EG16 orthologs from poplar (Populus trichocarpa), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), and spreading earthmoss (Physcomitrium patens) has demonstrated that these endo‐glucanases are distinctly active on cell wall matrix glycans, mixed‐linkage β(1,3);β(1,4)‐glucan and xyloglucan (XyG), and that enzyme structure and specificity is highly conserved across diverse plant lineages. However, the physiological role of EG16 orthologs in any species is presently unknown. To shed light on EG16 function in vivo, here we performed reverse genetics and protein localization analyses of the single EG16 ortholog in the model moss P. patens, where this gene is highly expressed in young, expanding tissues, particularly in protonema. Surprisingly, deletion of the PpEG16 gene by homologous recombination led to an increase in growth, as well as accelerated senescence. Notably, the PpEG16 protein was shown to co‐localize with XyG in the cell wall of protonema tissue, specifically at cell tips, despite lacking a secretion signal peptide. Although the precise biological role of EG16 orthologs remains elusive, our results implicate these highly conserved glycoside hydrolases in cell wall polysaccharide remodeling and recycling. We anticipate that these foundational results will inform future studies on EG16 function across plant lineages.
Delving deeper into the link between sugar transport, sugar signaling, and vascular system development
Authors: Dinant Sylvie , Le Hir Rozenn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlant growth and development rely on the transport and use of sugars produced during photosynthesis. Sugars have a dual function as nutrients and signal molecules in the cell. Many factors maintaining sugar homeostasis and signaling are now identified, but our understanding of the mechanisms involved in coordinating intracellular and intercellular sugar translocation is still limited. We also know little about the interplay between sugar transport and signaling and the formation of the vascular system, which controls long‐distance sugar translocation. Sugar signaling has been proposed to play a role; however, evidence to support this hypothesis is still limited. Here, we exploited recent transcriptomics datasets produced in aerial organs of Arabidopsis to identify genes coding for sugar transporters or signaling components expressed in the vascular cells. We identified genes belonging to sugar transport and signaling for which no information is available regarding a role in vasculature development. In addition, the transcriptomics datasets obtained from sugar‐treated Arabidopsis seedlings were used to assess the sugar‐responsiveness of known genes involved in vascular differentiation. Interestingly, several key regulators of vascular development were found to be regulated by either sucrose or glucose. EspeciallyCLE41, which controls the procambial cell fate, was oppositely regulated by sucrose or glucose in these datasets. Even if more experimental data are necessary to confirm these findings, this survey supports a link between sugar transport/signaling and vascular system development.