bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of individual time units in horizontal space
Authors: Malyshevskaya Anastasia , Gallo Federico , Scheepers Christoph , Shtyrov Yury , Myachykov Andriy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe often refer to space when we talk about time. To support this, studies show that we tend to associate the past with the left and the future with the right, space. However, there is little research that compares the spatial mapping of individual time units within the same methodological framework. Here, we used the same line-bisection paradigm to study horizontal spatial biases in various individual time units (i.e., hours, days, and months). Fifty-four adults processed temporal words and indicated their location on a horizontal line representing a time interval via a mouse click. Each word corresponded to one of the three conditions: left, right, or central position on the line. Our results show a reaction-time facilitation effect for hour and day units in congruent conditions (e.g., left semantic bias + left position on the line). Also, processing hour units shifted the response coordinates in the direction of the presumed spatial bias. Finally, the congruent combination of visual and semantic biases led to a shift in manual responses in the corresponding direction for all time units. We conclude that while left-to-right mapping of time concepts is relatively universal, the horizontal mapping is stronger for hours as compared with days and months.
BIG COHEN–MACAULAY TEST IDEALS IN EQUAL CHARACTERISTIC ZERO VIA ULTRAPRODUCTS
Authors: YAMAGUCHI TATSUKI 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUtilizing ultraproducts, Schoutens constructed a big Cohen–Macaulay (BCM) algebra
$\mathcal {B}(R)$
over a local domain R essentially of finite type over
$\mathbb {C}$
. We show that if R is normal and
$\Delta $
is an effective
$\mathbb {Q}$
-Weil divisor on
$\operatorname {Spec} R$
such that
$K_R+\Delta $
is
$\mathbb {Q}$
-Cartier, then the BCM test ideal
$\tau _{\widehat {\mathcal {B}(R)}}(\widehat {R},\widehat {\Delta })$
of
$(\widehat {R},\widehat {\Delta })$
with respect to
$\widehat {\mathcal {B}(R)}$
coincides with the multiplier ideal
$\mathcal {J}(\widehat {R},\widehat {\Delta })$
of
$(\widehat {R},\widehat {\Delta })$
, where
$\widehat {R}$
and
$\widehat {\mathcal {B}(R)}$
are the
$\mathfrak {m}$
-adic completions of R and
$\mathcal {B}(R)$
, respectively, and
$\widehat {\Delta }$
is the flat pullback of
$\Delta $
by the canonical morphism
$\operatorname {Spec} \widehat {R}\to \operatorname {Spec} R$
. As an application, we obtain a result on the behavior of multiplier ideals under pure ring extensions.
Determinants of diversity and composition of the tapeworm fauna of blue sharks, Prionace glauca: a geographical and host-specificity analysis
Authors: Penadés-Suay J. , Jarque-Rico A. E. , Tomás J. , Aznar F. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Blue sharks, Prionace glauca, are cosmopolitan, extremely vagile sharks and the species among elasmobranchs for which most surveys containing tapeworm community data are available worldwide. In this study we report on the tapeworm fauna of three samples of blue sharks (n = 37) from two new regions (one sample from Galicia, north-east Atlantic, and two from Valencia, western Mediterranean), and compared it with previous studies, assessing the relative role of the ecological and evolutionary factors in structuring local tapeworm assemblages. Nine cestode taxa were identified, of which four included adult specimens, that is, Platybothrium auriculatum, Prosobothrium armigerum, Anthobothrium caseyi and Molicola horridus. The abundance of these species, and Brillouin's diversity index, differed significantly among samples without a clear geographical signal. A comparison with six previous surveys revealed that tapeworm assemblages were composed of the same ‘core’ taxa, with mean species richness typically ranging from two to four species. Global records of adult tapeworms in blue sharks included: 15 taxa identified at species level, of which only eight (generalist trypanorhynchs) were shared with other sympatric host species; five mostly with other carcharhinids; and three with large lamnid sharks sharing the blue sharks’ habitat. The composition of tapeworm communities of blue sharks is thus highly constrained by strong host specificity, with composition and abundance varying across localities depending on idiosyncratic environmental conditions.
21st Century Global and Regional Surface Temperature Projections
Authors: Ma Nicole , Jiang Jonathan H. , Hou Kennard , Lin Yun , Vu Trung , Rosen Philip E. , Gu Yu , Fahy Kristen A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany countries and regions across the globe broke their surface temperature records in recent years. Recent crippling heat waves swept across the Earth, further sparking concerns about the impending arrival of “tipping points” later in the 21st century. This study analyzes observed global surface temperature trends in three target latitudinal regions: the Arctic Circle, Tropics, and the Antarctic Circle. We show that global warming is accelerating unevenly across the planet, with the Arctic warming at more than three times the average rate of our world. We also analyzed the reliability of latitude‐dependent surface temperature simulations from a suite of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models and their multi‐model mean (MMM) by comparing their outputs to observational data sets. We selected the best‐performing models based on their statistical abilities to reproduce historical, latitude‐dependent values adapted from these data sets. The surface temperature projections were calculated from ensemble simulations of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2–4.5 (SSP2–4.5) by the selected CMIP6 models. We estimate the calendar years of when surface temperatures will increase by 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5°C relative to the preindustrial period, both globally and in the three target regions. Our results reaffirm a dramatic, upward trend in projected surface temperatures, with unprecedented acceleration in the Arctic Circle, which could lead to catastrophic consequences across the Earth. Further studies are necessary to determine the most efficient solutions to reduce global warming acceleration and maintain a low SSP, both globally and regionally.
Estimating Household Preferences for Coastal Flood Risk Mitigation Policies Under Ambiguity
Authors: Ha Si , Fujimi Toshio , Jiang Xinyu , Mori Nobuhito , Begum Rawshan A. , Watanabe Masahide , Tatano Hirokazu , Nakakita Eiichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRisk mitigation policies (like dike rising) are essential to address increasing coastal flood risks due to global warming. Furthermore, the optimal level of risk mitigation policy should be determined by public preferences for risk reduction. However, it is difficult to reveal public preferences for coastal flood risk reduction because projections of coastal flood risks inevitably involve uncertainty. This study aims to estimate household preference for coastal flood reduction under ambiguity and multiple projections of coastal flood risks. By coupling storm surge inundation simulations and stated preference experiments with decision models, we estimate the expected loss reduction, risk premium, and ambiguity premium for coastal flood risk mitigation policies. The study shows that ignoring the ambiguity premium causes significant undervaluation of coastal flood risk mitigation.
Residential and Race/Ethnicity Disparities in Heat Vulnerability in the United States
Authors: Manware Mitchell , Dubrow Robert , Carrión Daniel , Ma Yiqun , Chen Kai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdverse health outcomes caused by extreme heat represent the most direct human health threat associated with the warming of the Earth's climate. Socioeconomic, demographic, health, land cover, and temperature determinants contribute to heat vulnerability; however, nationwide patterns of residential and race/ethnicity disparities in heat vulnerability in the United States are poorly understood. This study aimed to develop a Heat Vulnerability Index (HVI) for the United States; to assess differences in heat vulnerability across geographies that have experienced historical and/or contemporary forms of marginalization; and to quantify HVI by race/ethnicity. Principal component analysis was used to calculate census tract level HVI scores based on the 2019 population characteristics of the United States. Differences in HVI scores were analyzed across the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) “redlining” grades, the Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST) disadvantaged versus non‐disadvantaged communities, and race/ethnicity groups. HVI scores were calculated for 55,267 U.S. census tracts. Mean HVI scores were 17.56, 18.61, 19.45, and 19.93 for HOLC grades “A”–“D,” respectively. CEJST‐defined disadvantaged census tracts had a significantly higher mean HVI score (19.13) than non‐disadvantaged tracts (16.68). The non‐Hispanic African American or Black race/ethnicity group had the highest HVI score (18.51), followed by Hispanic or Latino (18.19). Historically redlined and contemporary CEJST disadvantaged census tracts and communities of color were found to be associated with increased vulnerability to heat. These findings can help promote equitable climate change adaptation policies by informing policymakers about the national distribution of place‐ and race/ethnicity‐based disparities in heat vulnerability.
A Surface Flux Estimation Scheme Accounting for Large‐Eddy Effects for Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Liu Shaofeng , Zeng Xubin , Dai Yongjiu , Yuan Hua , Wei Nan , Wei Zhongwang , Lu Xingjie , Zhang Shupeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe propose a surface flux estimation formula to account for large eddy effects by keeping the boundary layer depth the only added parameter. We develop a novel way to evaluate the estimation formula by using a set of independent large eddy simulations, in which the vertical extents of largest eddies affecting surface layer are confined in a wide range of depths. It is found that these confined vertical extents hold a significant linear relationship (with slope of ∼1) with the inversely estimated vertical extents of affecting large eddies. This close relationship between the two vertical extents verifies the hypothesis that the boundary layer depth is linearly relevant for accounting for large eddy effects. Moreover, the two vertical extents are found to be comparable in value. This implies that the estimation formula we propose here is likely to be valid and applicable to unstable boundary layer in general.
Cascading Hazards in a Migrating Forearc‐Arc System: Earthquake and Eruption Triggering in Nicaragua
Authors: Higgins M. , La Femina P. C. , Saballos A. J. , Ouertani S. , Fischer K. M. , Geirsson H. , Strauch W. , Mattioli G. , Malservisi R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStrain partitioning in oblique convergent margins results in margin‐parallel shear in the overriding plate. Margin‐parallel shear is often accommodated by margin‐parallel strike‐slip faults proximal to active volcanic arcs. Along the Nicaraguan segment of the Central American Forearc (CAFA) in the Cocos‐Caribbean plate convergent margin, there are no well‐expressed right‐lateral faults that accommodate CA‐CAFA relative motion. Instead, historical earthquakes and mapped fault orientations indicate that the ∼12 mm/yr of dextral motion is accommodated on arc‐normal, left‐lateral faults (i.e., bookshelf faults). We investigate three upper‐plate earthquakes; the 10 April 2014 (Mw 6.1), 15 September 2016 (Mw 5.7), and 28 September 2016 (Mw 5.5), using Global Position System co‐seismic displacements and relocated earthquake aftershocks. Our analyses of the three earthquakes indicate that the 10 April 2014 earthquake ruptured an unmapped margin‐parallel right‐lateral fault in Lago Xolotlán (Managua) and the September 2016 earthquakes ruptured arc‐normal, left‐lateral and oblique‐slip faults. These earthquakes represent a triggered sequence whereby the 10 April 2014 earthquake promoted failure of the faults that ruptured in September 2016 by imparting a static Coulomb stress change (ΔCFS) of 0.02–0.07 MPa. Likewise, the 15 September 2016, earthquake additionally promoted failure (ΔCFS of 0.08–0.1 MPa) on sub‐parallel faults that ruptured in two subsequent earthquakes. We also present an instance of magma‐tectonic interaction whereby the 10 April 2014 earthquake dilated (10s of μStrain) the shallow magmatic system of Momotombo Volcano, which led to magma injection, ascent, and eruption on 1 December 2015, after ∼100 years of quiescence.
Thermal Responses in Global Marine Planktonic Food Webs Are Mediated by Temperature Effects on Metabolism
Authors: Archibald Kevin M. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Laufkötter Charlotte , Moeller Holly V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRising ocean temperatures affect marine microbial ecosystems directly, since metabolic rates (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration) are temperature‐dependent, but temperature also has indirect effects mediated through changes to the physical environment. Empirical observations of the long‐term trends in biomass and productivity measure the integrated response of these two kinds of effects, making the independent components difficult to disentangle. We used a combination of modeling approaches to isolate the direct effects of rising temperatures on microbial metabolism and explored the consequences for food web dynamics and global biogeochemistry. We evaluated the effects of temperature sensitivity in two cases: first, assuming that all metabolic processes have the same temperature sensitivity, or, alternatively, that heterotrophic processes have higher temperature sensitivity than autotrophic processes. Microbial ecosystems at higher temperatures are characterized by increased productivity but decreased biomass stocks as a result of transient, high export events that reduce nutrient availability in the surface ocean. Trophic dynamics also mediate community structure shifts resulting in increased heterotroph to autotroph ratios at higher temperatures. These ecosystem thermal responses are magnified when the temperature sensitivity of heterotrophs is higher than that of autotrophs. These results provide important context for understanding the combined food web response to direct and indirect temperature effects and inform the construction and interpretation of Earth systems models used in climate projections.
Effects of Shifting Spring Phenology on Growing Season Carbon Uptake in High Latitudes
Authors: Zheng Jiangshan , Xu Xiyan , Jia Gensuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhenological shifts not only alter the growing season length, but also modify land‐atmosphere exchanges of water and energy, which in turn affects ecosystem carbon uptake. However, how changes in the start of the growing season (SOS) affect carbon uptake throughout growing season has not been fully explored for high‐latitude ecosystems. Here, we investigated the impacts of SOS shifts on carbon uptake and the mechanisms over 2000–2020 in the northern high latitudes (>50°N) using multiple satellite and climate data sets. We found a contrasting response of gross primary productivity (GPP) in the early (April–June) and late (July–September) growing season to SOS shifts. Advanced SOS resulted in increased early‐season GPP, whereas slightly decreased late‐season GPP. The earlier SOS resulted from a warmer early season, which induced a decline of snow to precipitation ratio, therefore drier soil and atmosphere. In the early season, when water requirement of vegetation was low, the warm and dry conditions ensured favorable solar radiation and improved vegetation water use efficiency (WUE), thus enhancing photosynthesis. The dry soil and atmosphere conditions extended to the late season due to less snow and excessive water utilization by vegetation in the early season, which therefore slightly suppressed photosynthesis by weakening WUE. Conversely, the delayed SOS resulted in reduced early‐season GPP and slightly enhanced late‐season GPP due to the opposite thermal and moisture conditions to that of advanced SOS. The SOS is likely to be further advanced as warming continues in the high latitudes, intensifying seasonal contrasts in vegetation photosynthesis capacity.
Controls on Spatial Variability in Mean Concentrations and Export Patterns of River Chemistry Across the Australian Continent
Authors: Liu Shuci , Dupas Rémi , Guo Danlu , Lintern Anna , Minaudo Camille , Bende‐Michl Ulrike , Zhang Kefeng , Duvert Clément 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe state and dynamics of river chemistry are influenced by both anthropogenic and natural catchment characteristics. However, understanding key controls on catchment mean concentrations and export patterns comprehensively across a wide range of climate zones is still lacking, as most of this research is focused on temperate regions. In this study, we investigate the catchment controls on mean concentrations and export patterns (concentration–discharge relationship,C–Qslope) of river chemistry, using a long‐term data set of up to 507 sites spanning five climate zones (i.e., arid, Mediterranean, temperate, subtropical, tropical) across the Australian continent. We use Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and hierarchical modeling (BHM) approaches to predict the mean concentrations and export patterns and compare the relative importance of 26 catchment characteristics (e.g., topography, climate, land use, land cover, soil properties and hydrology). Our results demonstrate that mean concentrations result from the interaction of catchment indicators and anthropogenic factors (i.e., land use, topography and soil), while export patterns are influenced by topography. We also found that incorporating the effects of climate zones in a BHM framework improved the predictability of both mean concentrations andC–Qslopes, suggesting the importance of climatic controls on hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Our study provides insights into the contrasting effects of catchment controls across different climate zones. Investigating those controls can inform sustainable water quality management strategies that consider the potential changes in river chemistry state and export behavior.
Varying Importance of Storm Types and Antecedent Conditions for Local and Regional Floods
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Dougherty Erin M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLocal and potentially more impactful regional floods are driven by a combination of precipitation‐triggering storms and antecedent conditions. However, it is yet unclear how the importance of these flood drivers and their interplay differs between local and regional events. Therefore, we assess differences in the compounding drivers of local and regional floods in the United States using newly developed classification schemes for storm types and antecedent conditions. Our results show that the dominant storm type triggering floods is frontal events, in particular those related to mesoscale convective systems. The importance of different storm types varies by season, with frontal mesoscale convective systems being most important in summer, nonfrontal, and extratropical cyclone‐related storms in winter and spring, and tropical cyclones in fall. Our comparison of the drivers of local and regional events shows that the relative importance of different storm types only weakly differs between local and regional floods, while antecedent conditions are clearly distinct. Regional events are in 75% of the cases related to wet antecedent conditions in some cases combined with snowmelt, while local events are more likely to also develop under dry conditions. Over all regions and seasons, regional events are most often the result of a frontal storm combined with wet antecedent conditions, which highlights the important role of compounding flood drivers. This finding suggests that regional flood risk and change assessments should account for the compounding nature of atmospheric and land‐surface flood drivers.
Factors associated with blood pressure control in patients with hypertension and HIV at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda
Authors: Musimbaggo Douglas Joseph , Kimera Isaac Derick , Namugenyi Christabellah , Schwartz Jeremy I. , Ssenyonjo Rebecca , Ambangira Fortunate , Kizza Lubega , Mbuliro Mary , Katwesigye Rodgers , Ssinabulya Isaac , Muddu Martin , Neupane Dinesh , Olsen Michael Hecht , Pareek Manan , Semitala Fred C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobally, people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is the most important preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased morbidity. We conducted an exploratory survey with hypertensive persons living with HIV who received integrated HIV and hypertension care in a large clinic in Uganda between August 2019 and March 2020 to determine factors associated with blood pressure control at six months. Controlled blood pressure was defined as <140/90 mmHg. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine baseline factors associated with blood pressure control after 6 months of antihypertensive treatment. Of the 1061 participants, 644 (62.6%) were female. The mean age (SD) was 51.1 (9.4) years. Most participants were overweight (n = 411, 38.7%) or obese (n = 276, 25.9%), and 98 (8.9%) had diabetes mellitus. Blood pressure control improved from 14.4% at baseline to 66.1% at 6 months. Comorbid diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26–0.64, p < 0.001) and HIV status disclosure (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55–0.98, p = 0.037) were associated with the absence of controlled blood pressure at 6 months. In conclusion, comorbid diabetes mellitus and the disclosure of an individual’s HIV status to a close person were associated with poor blood pressure control among persons living with HIV who had hypertension. Therefore, subpopulations of persons living with HIV with hypertension and comorbid diabetes mellitus may require more thorough assessments and intensive antihypertensive management approaches to achieve blood pressure targets.
The Glasgow Microenvironment Score and risk and site of recurrence in TNM I–III colorectal cancer
Authors: Alexander P. G. , van Wyk H. C. , Pennel K. A. F. , Hay J. , McMillan D. C. , Horgan P. G. , Roxburgh C. S. D. , Edwards J. , Park J. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS) stratifies long-term survival into three groups based on tumour phenotype: peritumoural inflammation (Klintrup–Mäkinen (KM)) and tumour stroma percentage (TSP). However, it is not known if the location of disease recurrence is influenced by the GMS category.

Methods
Seven hundred and eighty-three TNM I–III colorectal cancers (CRC) were included. GMS (GMS0—high KM; GMS1—low KM, low TSP; GMS2—low KM, high TSP) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS) and disease recurrence were assessed using Cox regression analysis.

Results
Of the 783 patients, 221 developed CRC recurrence; 65 developed local recurrence + systemic disease. GMS was independent for CSS (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.17–1.92, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 1.23, 1.05–1.44, p = 0.01). Higher GMS category was associated with T-stage, N-stage, emergency presentation and venous invasion. GMS was independent for local+systemic recurrence (HR 11.53, 95% CI 1.45–91.85, p = 0.04) and distant-only recurrence (HR 3.01, 95% CI 1.59–5.71, p = 0.002). GMS 2 disease did not appear to have statistically better outcomes with adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk disease.

Conclusion
Although confounded by a higher rate of T4 and node-positive disease, GMS 1 and 2 are associated with an increased risk of local and distant recurrence. GMS is an independent poor prognostic indicator for recurrent colorectal cancer. Higher GMS patients may benefit from enhanced postoperative surveillance.