bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing of PC31BM‐based acceptors for dye‐sensitized solar cell
Authors: Paul Debolina , Sarkar Utpal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree push‐pull dyes with triphenylamine as donor, thiophene as spacer and fullerene‐based acceptors have been designed using density functional theory (DFT) for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here, we have done a systematic case study by varying the acceptor of dye. PCBM type of acceptors are chosen. However, the main focus lies on the fact that fullerene C60, which is used as conventional fullerene in PCBM, is replaced by C30. Further, two more structures are derived, where C30 is changed by two of its doped counterparts, C10B10N10 and C10B10P10. Structural integrity of these dyes is checked and found to be stable. Their electronic properties also provide a good insight into their characteristics. Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the dyes is positioned under the redox potential of redox couple,
, which means that the dyes can be regenerated. LUMO energy value of dyes with C30 and C10B10N10 lies above the conduction band of semiconductor, TiO2, and hence electrons from the excited state of the dyes can be injected into the conduction band edge of TiO2. For C10B10P10, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) lies slightly below the conduction band of TiO2 (for B3LYP functional). Therefore, few more configurations of C10B10P10 have been checked by replacing B and P atoms with C atoms. Notably, incorporation of solvent rules out this exception and all the dyes become eligible for electron regeneration also. Time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) studies throw light on their photochemical properties, which is one of the interim criteria for any system getting selected as a dye in the DSSCs.
Characterization and Testing of Unstable Oxidizers: Ammonium Chlorate and Nitrite
Authors: Kominia Athina , Hunter Justin , Smith James , Oxley Jimmie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmong oxidizers those containing the ammonium cation have the potential of self‐oxidization, making them of special hazard. Herein we examine ammonium nitrite and ammonium chlorate, two ionic compounds with well‐known hazard potential, and compare their explosive performance with related materials. A novel protocol for assessment of explosivity on the gram scale is employed.
Hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease: A systems pharmacology perspective
Authors: Bloomingdale Peter , Karelina Tatiana , Ramakrishnan Vidya , Bakshi Suruchi , Véronneau‐Veilleux Florence , Moye Matthew , Sekiguchi Kazutaka , Meno‐Tetang Guy , Mohan Aparna , Maithreye R. , Thomas Veena A. , Gibbons Frank , Cabal Antonio , Bouteiller Jean‐Marie , Geerts Hugo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAge‐related central neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are a rising public health concern and have been plagued by repeated drug development failures. The complex nature and poor mechanistic understanding of the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases has hindered the discovery and development of effective disease‐modifying therapeutics. Quantitative systems pharmacology models of neurodegeneration diseases may be useful tools to enhance the understanding of pharmacological intervention strategies and to reduce drug attrition rates. Due to the similarities in pathophysiological mechanisms across neurodegenerative diseases, especially at the cellular and molecular levels, we envision the possibility of structural components that are conserved across models of neurodegenerative diseases. Conserved structural submodels can be viewed as building blocks that are pieced together alongside unique disease components to construct quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models of neurodegenerative diseases. Model parameterization would likely be different between the different types of neurodegenerative diseases as well as individual patients. Formulating our mechanistic understanding of neurodegenerative pathophysiology as a mathematical model could aid in the identification and prioritization of drug targets and combinatorial treatment strategies, evaluate the role of patient characteristics on disease progression and therapeutic response, and serve as a central repository of knowledge. Here, we provide a background on neurodegenerative diseases, highlight hallmarks of neurodegeneration, and summarize previous QSP models of neurodegenerative diseases.
Economic inequality and entrepreneurship: Micro‐evidence from China
Authors: Xie Xuanli , Li Lixing , Zhou Guangsu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis paper develops a theoretical explanation for why economic inequality may affect individuals' decision to engage in entrepreneurial activities. We argue that inequality may have a positive impact on entrepreneurship because it triggers social comparison, thus motivating individuals to become entrepreneurs. Moreover, such effect is stronger for people in the middle economic status group than for those in the top or bottom groups, as middle economic status group has both the motivation and capability to take entrepreneurial actions. We use a sample of 3,879 Chinese households from 2010 to 2018 and merge them with county‐level variables to test our hypotheses. The results support our hypotheses and remain consistent across different model specifications, including models controlling for the potential endogeneity between inequality and entrepreneurship.Managerial SummaryThe rising economic inequality around the world has drawn widespread attention. Although inequality may not be desired, the optimistic takeaway from this paper is that inequality might also have a positive side by motivating entrepreneurial activities, especially for people from the middle economic class. While exerting continuous efforts to reduce poverty, governments could also properly treat the entrepreneurial spirit inspired by inequality and guide it to encourage entrepreneurship. From a dynamic point of view, emerging economies, when progressing toward a more liberal and market‐oriented economy, might go through a period of time with increasing inequality. Thus different countries, due to their unique social and economic backgrounds, may not share one pareto optimal inequality ratio.
Synthesis of Ceria (CeO2) Nanoparticles and Their Application in Colorimetric Probes for the Determination of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Alowakennu Micheal , Adams Lukman A. , Abdulwahab Khadijat O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanoceria (CeO2 nanoparticles) are among the most unique and promising lanthanide nanomaterials with sensing applicability. In this study, the redox reactivity of nanoceria was exploited for biomedical application based on changes in the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles on interaction with ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). Nanoceria were synthesized by the microwave‐assisted method using ammonium ceric nitrate [(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6] as the precursor and diethylene glycol (DEG) as the stabilizer and capping agent. The powder X‐ray diffraction (p‐XRD) studies of the nanoparticles showed that the synthesized particles are of a pure single‐phase matched with a cubic structure. Data from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) & Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis were also used to estimate the average size of the particles, and a range of value between 6.8‐7.1 nm was obtained which agrees with the value obtained using Debye‐Sherrer's relation (6.8±0.2 nm). On interacting the nanoceria with ascorbic acid, a color change from light yellow to reddish orange (oxidation of ascorbic acid) was observed, and at the same time, the Ce4+ is being reduced to Ce3+. The reaction between the nanoceria and ascorbic acid was done at a constant concentration of nanoceria with varying amounts of ascorbic acid. This reaction was monitored using the UV‐Vis Spectrometry, and the spectra obtained showed that the intensity of the peak decreases with decreasing concentration of the ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ was justified by the blue shift in the λmax from 344 nm to 254 nm. Data obtained also showed a detection limit of 20 ppm ascorbic acid. The nanoceria were also used to fabricate a paper strip which tested positive for the colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid.
A site of radical possibilities: Examining how a multigenerational counterspace promotedSTEMpersistence among undergraduate Women of Color
Authors: Wilkins‐Yel Kerrie G. , Williamson Francesca A. , Priddie Christen , Cross Francis Dionne , Gallimore Shanalee , Davis‐Randolph Jasmine L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWomen from racially/ethnically minoritized communities remain significantly underrepresented at all levels of education in STEM. The pervasive white and heteronormative culture of the STEM environment has contributed to Women of Color feeling isolated, hyper‐visible, and invisible as they contend with racism, sexism, and gendered racial microaggressions. Scholars have found that counterspaces are key sites to support the persistence of Women of Color in STEM and ameliorate the negative psychological effects of navigating oppressive STEM milieus. Missing from the current literature is research on how counterspaces contribute to Women of Color's STEM persistence. This study sought to fill this gap in the literature by understanding the experiences of undergraduate Women of Color in the I CAN PERSIST STEM initiative, a multigenerational counterspace designed to support the holistic persistence of Women of Color in STEM. Steeped in the theoretical conceptualization of counterspaces, and using a case study methodological approach, we found that the multigenerational counter‐storytelling and support from Women of Color in STEM, as well as the embodiment of holistic wellness, and justice‐focused mentor‐teaching supported STEM persistence intentions among undergraduate Women of Color in the sample. Furthermore, participants described being able to reconcile their STEM identities with their need to be active in addressing and mitigating the inequities in their communities, while also prioritizing their well‐being and rejecting the STEM culture of overwork and burnout.
Genome‐wide characterization and function analysis uncovered roles of wheat LIMs in responding to adverse stresses and TaLIM8‐4D function as a susceptible gene
Authors: Li Yiting , Liu Xi , Xiao Yongxin , Wen Yong , Li Keke , Ma Zhaolan , Yang Lijun , Zhu Yongxing , Yin Junliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Lin‐11, Isl‐1, and Mec‐3 domains (LIM) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating plant biological processes. Despite that, there is a lack of a full understanding of LIMs in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, 28 wheat
LIM
s (TaLIMs) were identified and designated as TaLIM1‐1A to TaLIM12‐7D. The cis‐regulatory element analysis showed that TaLIMs were rich in elements related to biological and abiotic stresses. Expression profiling analysis showed that certain members of TaLIMs were responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as TaLIM1‐1A, TaLIM3‐2B, TaLIM8‐4D, and TaLIM10‐5D, were significantly induced by heat, drought, sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA) and Fusarium graminearum stresses. Furthermore, the biological function of TaLIM8‐4D was analyzed and results showed that it was subcellular localization in the nucleus and could induce weak cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Additionally, overexpression of TaLIM8‐4D could upregulate plant pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes, promoting the infection of hemibiotrophic pathogen, implying that TaLIM8‐4D could function as susceptible gene in the nucleus by upregulating PR genes and inducing cell death to promote the colonization of hemibiotrophic agent F. graminearum. Overall, the systematic identification, characterization, expression profiling, evolutionary, and function analyses provided the ability to understand TaLIMs and laid a foundation for the further function study of LIM family members in wheat.
Risk factors for the occurrence of ampullary tumors: A case‐control study
Authors: Zaccari Piera , Archibugi Livia , Belfiori Giulio , Nista Enrico , dell'Anna Giuseppe , Crippa Stefano , Schepis Tommaso , Tacelli Matteo , Aleotti Francesca , Petrone Maria Chiara , Mariani Alberto , Costamagna Guido , Gasbarrini Antonio , Larghi Alberto , Falconi Massimo , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Capurso Gabriele 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of ampullary tumors is increasing but data on association with an increased exposure to certain risk factors are scanty.ObjectiveTo investigate risk and protective factors associated with the occurrence of ampullary tumors and whether these factors differ between ampullary tumors of the intestinal and pancreatobiliary subtypes or between adenomas and carcinomas.MethodsThe association between a large set of exposome features and ampullary tumors occurrence was investigated in a bi‐centric case‐control study after ethic committee approval and power calculation.ResultsIn 223 histologically confirmed patients and 446 controls, previous cholecystectomy (odd ratio [OR] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34–3.20) and proton pump inhibitors use (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.16–2.37) were associated with increased risk of ampullary tumors, aspirin use (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.36–0.90) and light alcohol intake (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.38–0.76) with reduced risk. A previous cholecystectomy was also associated with tumors of intestinal subtype and with both adenomas and carcinomas, and proton pump inhibitors use with adenomas only. Smoking, body mass index, family history of cancers, previous ulcer, diabetes and use of statins, insulin and metformin were not significant factors.ConclusionThis is the first case‐control study specifically highlighting factors associated with the occurrence of ampullary tumors. We report factors that are novel and plausible, in keeping with mechanisms described for other gastrointestinal tumors and with potential clinical relevance.
Reference gene identification for normalisation of RT‐qPCR analysis in plasma samples of the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model
Authors: Zhou Hui , Yang Xin , Yu Jiayi , Xu Jingyi , Zhang Ruiwen , Zhang Ting , Wang Xijie , Ma Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) studies, the selection and validation of reference genes are crucial for the accurate analysis of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression. In this work, the optimal reference genes for RT‐qPCR normalisation in plasma samples of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models were identified.MethodsSix rat MCAO models were established. Blood samples were collected before modelling and approximately 16–24 h after modelling. Two commonly used reference genes (U6 and 5S) and three miRNAs (miR‐24, miR‐122 and miR‐9a) were selected as candidate reference genes, and the expression of these genes was detected with RT‐qPCR. The acquired data were analysed using geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, RefFinder and comparative delta threshold cycle statistical models.ResultsThe analysed results consistently showed that miR‐24 was the most stably expressed reference gene. The ‘optimal combination’ calculated by geNorm was miR‐24, U6 and5S. The expression level of the target gene miR124 was similar when the most stable reference gene miR‐24 or the ‘optimal combination’ was used as a reference gene. However, compared with miR24 or the ‘optimal combination’, the less stable reference genes influenced the fold change and the data accuracy with a large standard deviation.ConclusionThese results confirmed the importance of selecting suitable reference genes for normalisation to obtain reliable results in RT‐qPCR studies and demonstrated that the identified reference gene miR‐24 or the ‘optimal combination’ could be used as an internal control for gene expression analysis in the rat MCAO model.
The Atlantic Network of Geodynamic and Space Stations (RAEGE)
Authors: López-Pérez José A. , Ferreira João S. , González-García Javier , Beltrán-Martínez Francisco J. , Albo-Castaño Carlos , Vaquero-Jiménez Beatriz , García-Castellano Abel , López-Ramasco Javier , Azcue-Infanzón Esther , Vicente-Abad Pablo de , López-Fernández José A. , Wallenstein Francisco M. , Santos Luís R. , Pavão Sara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper shows the current status of the Red Atlántica de Estaciones Geodinámicas y Espaciales (RAEGE), a joint Spanish-Portuguese infrastructure of geodetic stations. When complete, it will be composed of four VGOS (VLBI Global Observing System) radio-telescopes, two in Spain (Yebes and Gran Canaria) and two in Portugal (Santa María and Flores islands, Açores archipelago). The Yebes VGOS radio-telescope is fully operational and integrated in the VGOS core network since 2016. The Santa María VGOS radio-telescope has undergone major maintenance operations and has resume regular IVS observations with its tri-band S/X/Ka receiver since end of May 2021, until it becomes a VGOS station by the second half of 2022. Additionally, each station will include GNSS receivers, gravimeters and a local-tie network. In particular, the RAEGE-Yebes station will have a Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) system, which is under construction. It can be said that RAEGE is the Spanish-Portuguese response to UN resolution 69/266 and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System). The current status of all the four RAEGE stations will be shown.
Can an Earth Gravitational Model Augmented by a Topographic Gravity Field Model Realize the International Height Reference System Accurately?
Authors: Huang Jianliang , Véronneau Marc , Crowley John W. , D’Aoust Bianca , Pavlic Goran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the suitability of recent Earth Gravitational Models (EGMs) for the realization of the International Height Reference System (IHRS) in Canada. Topographic gravity field models have been used to augment EGMs to spatial resolution reaching 2′ (about 4 km), which is comparable to regional geoid models. The advantages of using an EGM over a regional approach for the IHRS are its uniform representation of the Earth’s gravity field and its conformance to international standards and conventions. The main challenge is access to, and best use of knowledge of the regional gravity and topographic data. On the one hand, we determine that two recent hybrid models (EIGEN-6C4 and XGM2019) augmented by topographic signals give geopotential values (W

p
) with accuracy of ~0.3 m2 s−2, which is close to those estimated by the Canadian regional geoid models at the 11 International Height Reference Frame sites in Canada. On the other hand, two recent augmented satellite-only models (DIR-R6 and GOCO06s) give W

p
with accuracies between 1.5 and 1.7 m2 s−2 in Canada.
The Arcadia of Innopolis
Authors: Mazzara Manuel , Succi Giancarlo , Tormasov Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne aspect that strikes foreign visitors when they first come to the campus is the impressive real estate. A common impression of new visitors, since the early days, is that it had to exist for at least 20 or 30 years, while indeed it is only a few years old. What happened before the construction of the campus? Innopolis already existed as a small office on two floors in a business center in Kazan downtown. This chapter presents some memories from this Arcadia where everything had a beginning.
Online and Blended Education: After COVID-19
Authors: Mazzara Manuel , Succi Giancarlo , Tormasov Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe year 2020 changed the panorama and horizon of teaching forever. Innopolis University switched to online and blended education with minor problems only. Why we were “almost” ready for the switch. This chapter presents those days, how we reacted and managed to move on. What is going to be the future of education?
Curricula and Language of Instruction
Authors: Mazzara Manuel , Succi Giancarlo , Tormasov Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we will cover the development of educational programs from scratch, the rationale behind the curricula, and the objectives and the bootstrapping of teaching, including the experience with CMU and the University of Amsterdam for the initial master programs. We also discuss the manifesto of our intention for what concerns the language of instruction.
The Research Environment and Our Values
Authors: Mazzara Manuel , Succi Giancarlo , Tormasov Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAfter setting up the teaching process, research is fundamental to reach international recognition. Setting up from zero, an effective research process takes time. What assessment system should be created to motivate and incentivize researchers to perform their work at best? How to motivate professionals to join, stay, and work effectively? In this chapter, we analyze these questions and provide some answers based on our experience.
Global Antenatal Care Coverage and Content
Authors: Anumba Dilly OC , Jayasooriya Shamanthi M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccess to, timely initiation of, and good quality antenatal care is crucial to reducing the global burden of neonatal morbidity and mortality which disproportionately affects low-and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of global guidance regarding the frequency and content of ANC, the utilisation of such care to assess and address the risks of preterm birth remains patchy, largely because public awareness has not been sufficiently raised regarding the evidenced risk factors for preterm birth that may be amenable to early initiation of mitigation. This chapter briefly summarises recommended global ANC coverage standards as a basis for discussions in subsequent chapters regarding how improved coverage addressing the risk factors for preterm birth in LMICs can contribute to reducing preterm birth rates.
Prenatal Risk Assessment for Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Settings: Demographics and Obstetric History
Authors: Anumba Dilly OC , Jayasooriya Shamanthi M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaternal demographics and past obstetric history provide important information regarding the risk of preterm birth. Careful assessment for these factors at pregnancy registration is crucial for preterm birth risk assessment and signposting of care to mitigate preterm birth where possible. Demographic factors evidenced to increase the risk of PTB include extremes of maternal age, black ethnicity, and history of domestic abuse. Obstetric risk factors include a history of previous preterm birth, late miscarriage, stillbirth, cervical surgery, or uterine variants. In an index pregnancy, multiple pregnancy is a main predictor of preterm birth. Early pregnancy risk assessment for these factors can inform generic measures aimed at mitigating the occurrence and consequences of preterm birth. Importantly, further risk assessment and surveillance, including where possible assessment of the cervix for shortening by transvaginal ultrasound, can inform antenatal care to optimise birth outcomes, by referral to a preterm birth prevention or high risk pregnancy service, or offering cervical cerclage or progesterone supplementation.