bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Nigatu Balkachew , Workneh Tigist , Mekuria Thomas , Yifter Helen , Mamuye Yeshiwondim , Gize Addisu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) varies worldwide among racial and ethnic groups, population characteristics (eg, average age and body mass index (BMI) of pregnant women), testing method, and diagnostic criteria. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of GDM using the one-step 75-g Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) protocol, with plasma glucose measurement taken when patient is fasting and at 1 and 2 h and identify associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from April, 2017 to October, 2017 at antenatal care clinic of SPHMMC among a randomly selected sample of 390 eligible pregnant women. Data were collected using a pretested questioner using 5% of the total sample size and later was modified accordingly to capture all the necessary data. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Binary Logistic Regression were used for analysis using SPSS version 23.0.

Results
The prevalence of GDM among the study population was 16.9%. Factors that affect prevalence of GDM were age group (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.03, 7.35 for 30–34 years old and AOR = 4.98, 95% CI: 1.703, 14.578 for ≥ 35 years old)and BMI (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.11).

Conclusions
The prevalence of GDM among the study population is higher than previous reports in Ethiopia and even in other countries. This implies that these women and their newborns might be exposed to increased risk of immediate and long term complications from GDM including future risk of GDM and Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
Progression of retinal vascularization after intravitreal anti-vascular-endothelial growth factor therapy in retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Mirghorbani Masoud , Rashidinia Ali , Yaseri Mehdi , Zarei Mohammad , Khojasteh Hassan , Bazvand Fatemeh , Modjtahedi Bobeck S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) therapy is now considered as one of standard therapies in approaching infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The purpose of this study was to assess the time to full retinal vascularization in infants with ROP who were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated premature infants with ROP who were treated with IVB between 2012 and 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the medical records and analyzed. Main outcomes were defined as time to complete vascularization and time of zone shift.

Results
Eight hundred sixty-five eyes from 441 patients were included. Average gestational age and birth weight were 28 ± 4 weeks and 1121 ± 624 g, respectively. Primary treatment failure and reactivation occurred in 35 eyes (4.0%) and 33 eyes (3.8%), respectively. Recurrent ROP occurred significantly more frequently in infants with pre-treatment zone 1 ROP compared to those with zone 2 ROP (7.6% versus 3%, p < 0.01). Patients with pre-treatment zone 2 reached zone 3 faster than those with pre-treatment zone 1 (142 ± 152 days versus 181 ± 174 days, p < 0.01); however, the time until full retinal vascularization did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.10).

Conclusion
This study revealed that pre-treatment ROP zone was associated with ROP reactivation rate but not with time to full vascularization in those treated with IVB.
Trial registration Retrospectively registered; IR.TUMS.FARABI.REC.1399.040
Orthopaedic interventions in occipital horn syndrome: a rare case of mutation in ATP7A gene
Authors: Kaczmarek Agata , Kasprzyk Maciej , Koch Aleksander , Szymanski Arthur 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Occipital horn syndrome is a rare, X-linked recessive, connective tissue disorder caused by abnormal copper transporter proteins coded by the ATP7A gene. 32 cases have been reported worldwide to date. Clinically, patients typically present with inguinal hernia, exostosis, cutis laxa, and bladder diverticula. Orthopaedic problems often include exostosis of the elbows, thoracolumbar scoliosis, thoracic cavity deformities, and joint hypermobility due to joint laxity.

Case presentation
An 18-year-old presented with occipital horn syndrome and was treated for flat-valgus foot and posterior dislocation of the elbow joints. Due to collagen structure abnormalities, vulnerability to joint deformation makes treating patients with occipital horn syndrome challenging as they need complex orthopaedic intervention.

Conclusion
There is no effective causal therapy for this condition. Surgical procedures can help patients improve their physical condition and maintain adequate joint range of motion.
Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the kidney: a rare masquerader of renal cell carcinoma on imaging
Authors: Choudhury Apratim Roy , Jain Swarna Gupta , Reghunath Anjuna , Ghasi Rohini Gupta , Kaur Navpreet , Kolte Sachin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors comprises a group of high-grade small round cell tumors, including Ewing sarcoma of bone, extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma, peripheral primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor (PNET), and Askin tumor (thoraco-pulmonary PNET). They are more prevalent in young children and adolescents. Ewing's Sarcoma is an aggressive tumor majorly described in bones. Primary renal Ewing's sarcoma is an extremely rare entity, characterized by a very aggressive course, with very few reported cases in the literature.

Case presentation
We present an 18-year-old girl who presented with sudden onset left flank pain and hematuria. The patient had histopathology-proven primary renal Ewing's sarcoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma on imaging.

Conclusions
Owing to its non-specific radiological appearance, a high index of suspicion and a systematic approach is essential for detection of renal Ewing’s Sarcoma.
Role of social media tools in online teaching: perception of physiotherapy students and knowledge translation
Authors: Ganesh G. Shankar , Mishra Mrutyunjaya , Dalei Narendra N. , Khan Shabana , Ranjan Rajeev , Dhiman Sapna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 lockdown period many education institutions have shifted their focus from the traditional face-to-face education to online instruction mainly through various social media (SM) tools. However, it is not known if these results can be generalized across locations where infrastructure facilities are unevenly distributed. Further, no previous work has explored the role played by SM tools in knowledge translation. The objectives of this work are 1. To evaluate the students perceptions on the accessibility and acceptability of SM tools via an anonymous online survey and 2. Assess the efficacy of SM tools as an educational medium in imparting knowledge change.
An online survey using an anonymous web-based questionnaire was conducted to assess the student’s accessibility and acceptability of SM tools as a direct information sharing pathway between the faculty and students. A randomized comparative design was utilized to evaluate knowledge change via an online examination administered 10 min before and after an online class delivered via 2 different SM platforms (Google meet, YouTube) and e-mail.

Results
Data were obtained from 627 participants through a survey. Though 71.1% of the respondents believed online classes have helped them in their study, only 21.4% and 22.6% of the participants strongly agreed that social networking platforms are helpful for teaching and will be used for teaching/learning in the future respectively. The ANOVA responses to evaluate knowledge transfer from 224 participants who were randomized to receive course content through Google meet, YouTube, and e-mail showed no significant differences in outcomes before and after the delivery of contents.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that multiple external and internal factors need to be addressed before substituting classroom teaching with online teaching, especially during emergencies.
AMP-activated protein kinase promotes breast cancer stemness and drug resistance
Authors: Andugulapati Sai Balaji , Sundararaman Ananthalakshmy , Lahiry Mohini , Rangarajan Annapoorni 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a major cause of therapy resistance and tumour progression. Currently, their regulation is not entirely understood. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated a context-specific pro-tumorigenic role for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) under anchorage-deprivation and mammosphere formation, which are hallmarks of BCSCs. Therefore, we investigated the role of AMPK in the maintenance of BCSC state/function. AMPK depletion reduces serial sphere formation in vitro and tumour initiation in vivo. Intriguingly, tumour-derived cell analysis using stem cell markers and functional assays revealed that AMPK is required for the maintenance of BCSC populations in vivo. AMPK promotes the expression of stemness genes such as NANOG, SOX2 and BMI1 through the transcriptional upregulation of TWIST via promoter acetylation. Further, AMPK-driven stemness plays a critical role in doxorubicin resistance. Significantly, AMPK activity increased after chemotherapy in patient-derived tumour samples alongside an increase in stemness markers. Importantly, AMPK depletion sensitises mouse tumours to doxorubicin treatment. Our work indicates that targeting of AMPK in conjunction with regular chemotherapy is likely to reduce the stem cell pool and improve chemosensitivity in breast cancers.
Real-Time Wireless Tumor Tracking in Navigated Liver Resections: An Ex Vivo Feasibility Study
Authors: Eppenga Roeland , Heerink Wout , Smit Jasper , Kuhlmann Koert , Ruers Theo , Nijkamp Jasper 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgical navigation systems generally require intraoperative steps, such as intraoperative imaging and registration, to link the system to the patient anatomy. Because this hampers surgical workflow, we developed a plug-and-play wireless navigation system that does not require any intraoperative steps. In this ex vivo study on human hepatectomy specimens, the feasibility was assessed of using this navigation system to accurately resect a planned volume with small margins to the lesion.

Methods
For ten hepatectomy specimens, a planning CT was acquired in which a virtual spherical lesion with 5 mm margin was delineated, inside the healthy parenchyma. Using two implanted trackers, the real-time position of this planned resection volume was visualized on a screen, relative to the used tracked pointer. Experienced liver surgeons were asked to accurately resect the nonpalpable planned volume, fully relying on the navigation screen. Resected and planned volumes were compared using CT.

Results
The surgeons resected the planned volume while cutting along its border with a mean accuracy of − 0.1 ± 2.4 mm and resected 98 ± 12% of the planned volume. Nine out of ten resections were radical and one case showed a cut of 0.8 mm into the lesion. The sessions took approximately 10 min each, and no considerable technical issues were encountered.

Conclusions
This ex vivo liver study showed that it is feasible to accurately resect virtual hepatic lesions with small planned margins using our novel navigation system, which is promising for clinical applications where nonpalpable hepatic metastases have to be resected with small resection margins.
Aerobic Fitness Is Associated with Cerebral μ-Opioid Receptor Activation in Healthy Humans
Authors: SAANIJOKI TIINA , KANTONEN TATU , PEKKARINEN LAURA , KALLIOKOSKI KARI , HIRVONEN JUSSI , MALÉN TUULIA , TUOMINEN LAURI , TUULARI JETRO J. , ARPONEN EVELIINA , NUUTILA PIRJO , NUMMENMAA LAURI 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Central μ-opioid receptors (MORs) modulate affective responses to physical exercise. Individuals with higher aerobic fitness report greater exercise-induced mood improvements than those with lower fitness, but the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and the MOR system remains unresolved. Here we tested whether maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and physical activity level are associated with cerebral MOR availability and whether these phenotypes predict endogenous opioid release after a session of exercise.

Methods
We studied 64 healthy lean men who performed a maximal incremental cycling test for V̇O2peak determination, completed a questionnaire assessing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; in minutes per week), and underwent positron emission tomography with [11C]carfentanil, a specific radioligand for MOR. A subset of 24 subjects underwent additional positron emission tomography scan also after a 1-h session of moderate-intensity exercise and 12 of them also after a bout of high-intensity interval training.

Results
Higher self-reported MVPA level predicted greater opioid release after high-intensity interval training, and both V̇O2peak and MVPA level were associated with a larger decrease in cerebral MOR binding after aerobic exercise in the ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. That is, more trained individuals showed greater opioid release acutely after exercise in brain regions especially relevant for reward and cognitive processing. Fitness was not associated with MOR availability.

Conclusions
We conclude that regular exercise training and higher aerobic fitness may induce neuroadaptation within the MOR system, which might contribute to improved emotional and behavioral responses associated with long-term exercise.
The Tartu Peace Treaty of February 1920 and its aftermath: A case for Russian-Estonian conciliation (a contemporary view from Russia)
Authors: Khudoley Konstantin 
Published: February 2022

Artikkel käsitleb rahvusvahelisi suhteid Esimese maailmasõja järel, keskendudes 1920. aastal Nõukogude Venemaa ja Eesti Vabariigi vahel sõlmitud Tartu rahulepingule, mis tähistas iseseisva Eesti riigi sündi. Tegemist oli esimese leppega, mis sõlmitud väikese kapitalistliku ja suure sotsialistliku riigi vahel. Ühtlasi sümboliseeris see muutust Nõukogude Venemaa poliitikas, olles peaprooviks Venemaa ja Lääne-Euroopa riikide suhete normaliseerumisele. Erinevate sotsiaal-majanduslike mudelite ja vastastikkuse usaldamatuse tõttu ei suutnud leping tagada ka 1920.–30. aastatel lõpuni rahumeelset koostööd kahe riigi vahel.
Tartu rahu on jäänud siiani äärmiselt lõhestavaks küsimuseks. Vastakate arvamuste peamiseks põhjuseks on asjaolu, et pärast Nõukogude Liidu lagunemist arenesid Venemaa ja Eesti ühiskondlikult ja majanduslikult väga erinevates suundades. Pinged ja eriarvamused ei välista siiski võimalust leida vaidlusalustes küsimustes lahendusi. Kõige olulisem neist on piirileppe sõlmimine. Tartu rahulepingu sõlmimisel tehtud kompromissid võivad aidata lahendada ka kaasaegseid probleeme Venemaa ja Eesti vahelistes suhetes.
Dealing with the Social Media Polycontextuality of Work
Authors: Vaast Emmanuelle , Pinsonneault Alain 
Published: February 2022

Practice and Policy Oriented Abstract This article views social media for work not only as technologies that enable people to do certain things, but also as contexts with emerging norms and roles in which people participated. As they do so, people are confronted with opportunities and challenges that are inherent to social media polycontextuality, that is, with multiple social media–based contexts of relevance to work. This study offers guidance for people on how their participation in multiple social media contexts affects their work positively and negatively and how they can manage the associated opportunities and challenges. It also reveals how people’s engagement with social media polycontextuality may change as their employment status and work experiences evolve. Moreover, this study holds managerial implications by bringing awareness to how employees’ participation in social media contexts bypasses the organization and, thus, their typical purview but is still associated with work rather than leisure. Managers can understand better their employees’ situations and examine how social media contexts affect them within and beyond organizational boundaries and shape what they can or cannot do in their work. A better understanding of social media polycontextuality also brings managers new insights to communicate with employees.
All-optical dynamic modulation of spontaneous emission rate in hybrid optomechanical emitter-cavity systems
Authors: Tian Feng , Sumikura Hisashi , Kuramochi Eiichi , Takiguchi Masato , Ono Masaaki , Shinya Akihiko , Notomi Masaya 
Published: February 2022

Optomechanics is the study of the interaction between nano-objects and light fields through radiation pressure. Recent sophisticated optomechanical systems consist of strongly coupled mechanical and optical resonators and are made using semiconductor nanofabrication techniques. Although the optomechanical systems have exhibited their powerful capability of controlling photons, they are scarcely used to control the solid-state artificial atoms that emit photons. The main reason is that an efficient coupling mechanism remains unexplored. Here, we hybridize a silicon-integrated optomechanical resonator with two-level atom-like emitters to demonstrate an optomechanical cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) effect. With this system and the effect, we realize the dynamic modulation of the spontaneous emission rate. We choose copper dopants in silicon as the emitters for its narrow linewidth (0.3 nm) and long lifetime (

∼

30

n
s

). Our judiciously designed coupled-nanobeam optomechanical resonator achieves a strong Purcell effect and high cavity-modulation performances. The optical cavity of the optomechanical resonator is dynamically coupled to the emission line and, as a result, on-demand sharp pulses (up to 9.5-fold intensity enhancement and 3.5 ns in duration, which is one ninth of the emission lifetime) appear along the photoluminescence decay. These experimental results are exactly explained with an analytical model that combines optomechanical and cQED theories. Considering that dopants in silicon are highly competitive qubits, we believe that our optomechanical cQED technology will find important applications in the quantum era.
The research of ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models for prediction of TB cases in China
Authors: Zhao Daren , Zhang Huiwu , Cao Qing , Wang Zhiyi , He Sizhang , Zhou Minghua , Zhang Ruihua 
Published: February 2022

Background and objectiveTuberculosis (Tuberculosis, TB) is a public health problem in China, which not only endangers the population’s health but also affects economic and social development. It requires an accurate prediction analysis to help to make policymakers with early warning and provide effective precautionary measures. In this study, ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models were constructed and compared, respectively. The results showed that the LSTM was the optimal model, which can be achieved satisfactory performance for TB cases predictions in mainland China.MethodsThe data of tuberculosis cases in mainland China were extracted from the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China website. According to the TB data characteristics and the sample requirements, we created the ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models, which can make predictions for the prevalence trend of TB. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were applied to evaluate the effects of model fitting predicting accuracy.ResultsThere were 3,021,995 tuberculosis cases in mainland China from January 2018 to December 2020. And the overall TB cases in mainland China take on a downtrend trend. We established ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models, respectively. The optimal ARIMA model is the ARIMA (0,1,0) × (0,1,0)12. The equation for GM(1,1) model was X(k+1) = -10057053.55e(-0.01k)+ 10153178.55 the Mean square deviation ratio C value was 0.49, and the Small probability of error P was 0.94. LSTM model consists of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer, the parameters of epochs, learning rating are 60, 0.01, respectively. The MAE, RMSE, and MAPE values of LSTM model were smaller than that of GM(1,1) and ARIMA models.ConclusionsOur findings showed that the LSTM model was the optimal model, which has a higher accuracy performance than that of ARIMA and GM (1,1) models. Its prediction results can act as a predictive tool for TB prevention measures in mainland China.
What influences whether parents recognise COVID-19 symptoms, request a test and self-isolate: A qualitative study
Authors: Woodland Lisa , Mowbray Fiona , Smith Louise E. , Webster Rebecca K. , Amlôt Richard , Rubin G James 
Published: February 2022

Background
Using test, trace and isolate systems can help reduce the spread of COVID-19. Parents have the additional responsibility of using these systems for themselves and acting on behalf of their children to help control COVID-19. We explored factors associated with the use of England’s NHS Test and Trace service among parents of school-aged children.

Methods
One-to-one telephone interviews with parents (n = 18) of school-aged (4 to 18 years) children living in England between 30 November to 11 December 2020. Data were explored using thematic analysis.

Results
Three themes and eight sub-themes emerged. In terms of recognising symptoms of COVID-19, parents needed prompting before recalling the main symptoms described by the NHS. Parents suggested several factors relating to the nature of the symptom(s) and contextual information that might lead to or prevent them from seeking a test. Although parents supported symptomatic testing and described trusting official sources of information (e.g., Government and NHS websites). However, some concerns were raised regarding the accuracy of test results, safety at testing centres and logistics of testing but none of the concerns appeared to prevent engagement with testing. Parents perceived adherence to testing and self-isolation as pro-social behaviour, although family resources and circumstances impacted their ability to adhere fully.

Conclusions
Our study identified several barriers to parents using NHS Test and Trace as needed. Information about the eligibility of testing (main symptoms of COVID-19 and the age of eligibility) needs to be more precise and resources provided to enable families to adhere to self-isolation if the efficiency of test, trace and isolate systems is to be optimised.