bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-related radiographic parameters difference between the degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis patients and healthy people and correlation analysis
Authors: Li Donglai , Wang Lianlei , Wang Zheng , Li Chao , Yuan Suomao , Tian Yonghao , Liu Xinyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To identify age-related radiographic risk factors for DLSS and analyze correlations among them.
Methods: 180 cases were enrolled in this study, and lumbar magnetic resonance was performed. Among them, 93 cases suffered DLSS and lumbar dynamic X-ray were examined. And following parameters were measured: intervertebral disc height(IDH), the ratio of IDH(IDHL4-5/L3-4), initial IDH of L4-5(iIDHL4-5) in the DLSS group, disc degeneration (DD), cartilaginous endplate failure(CEF), Modic changes, the thickness of ligamentum flavum(LF), range of intervertebral motion(ROM), facet joint opening(FJO), facet joint angle(FJA)， the standard cross-sectional area(SCSA) of the multifidus, erector spinae and psoas major muscles. The data of two groups were compared, and the possible risk factors of DLSS were analyzed.
Results: Compared with the control group, the DLSS group had higher IDH except for L4-5, and larger iIDHL4-5(P<0.05). Significant differences were shown in CEF and the thickness of LF at L1-S1, and DD at L4-5(P<0.05). The DLSS group had smaller SCSA of multifidus, erector spinae, and psoas major muscles but greater FJA、FJO(P<0.05). And the risk of DLSS increased when iIDHL4-5≥10.73mm, FJA≥52.03° or FJO≥3.75mm. IDH positively correlated with SCSA of multifidus and psoas major muscles and ROM at L1-S1 (P<0.05). DD showed negative linear relations with SCSA of multifidus and psoas muscle and positive linear relation with CEF at L1-2, L2-3, and L5-S1(P<0.05).
Conclusion: Larger initial disc height and excessive CEF may induce DLSS by increasing intervertebral mobility to promote DD, and atrophied paravertebral muscles by weakening the stability of lumbar spine.
Coalitional Manipulation of Voting Rules: Simulations on Empirical Data
Authors: Durand François 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using computer simulations based on empirical data, we show that seven voting rules that we call the IRV family (Instant-Runoff Voting, exhaustive ballot, Condorcet-IRV, Benham, Smith-IRV, Tideman and Woodall) are less sensitive to coalitional manipulation than a large selection of prominent voting rules. While the relative performances of these seven rules still deserve further investigation, we show that the differences are at most marginal.
Generation of highly realistic microstructural images of alloys from limited data with a style-based generative adversarial network
Authors: Lambard Guillaume , Yamazaki Kazuhiko , Demura Masahiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In materials science, the amount of observational data is often limited by operating protocols that require a high level of expertise, often machine-dependent, developed for a time-consuming integration of useful data. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of those methodologies of characterisation for which the number of observations of a given material is limited to just a few images. In the present study, we present the possibility to artificially inflate the size of SEM image datasets from a limited (~100s-1000s of images) to a virtually unbounded number thanks to a generative adversarial network (GAN). For this purpose, we use one of the latest developments in GAN architectures and training methodologies, the StyleGAN2 with adaptive discriminator augmentation (ADA), that allow us to generate a diversity of high-quality SEM images of 512 x 512 pixels. Overall, coarse and fine microstructural details are successfully reproduced when training a StyleGAN2 with ADA from scratch on at most 3000 SEM images, and interpolations between microstructures are performed, without major modifications to the training protocol when applied to natural images.
Do the perceptions of community on forest management and conservation vary across wealth groups? The case of the Kilosa REDD+ initiative in Tanzania
Authors: Uisso Amani J. , Chirwa Paxie W. , Ackerman Pierre A. , Bakengesa Siima S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various community groups tend to interact with their environments differently. Understanding how these groups interact with their forests provides important insights for promoting sustainable forest governance. This study focused on understanding community across wealth groups (poor, medium, better-off) of their perceptions on forest management and conservation under the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus (REDD+) initiative in Tanzania. Results showed that whereas community general awareness on forest management and conservation across wealth groups significantly varied, their perceptions on the extent of occurrences of several aspects/attributes of forest management and conservation were relatively symmetrical across all wealth groups. There was no significant difference in perceptions across the wealth group in the indicators of forest management and conservation. Community willingness to participate in forest management and conservation was also not significantly different across all wealth groups, with the exception of participation in training/workshop for which the difference was significant across wealth groups. Overall, community perceptions are of mixed results, however, they didn't vary much between wealth categories, either there was or wasn’t significant difference. The observed similarities and variations across wealth groups within the community are a key to inform future REDD+ actions. Thus, policies, plans and strategies related to REDD+ should consider these dynamics.
Analyses of Spatial Correlation and Coherence in ABL flow with a Fleet of UAS
Authors: Wetz Tamino , Zink Josef , Bange Jens , Wildmann Norman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The spatial structures of turbulent flow in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are complex and diverse. Multi-point spatial correlation measurements can be used to improve the understanding of these structures and their statistics. In this context, we investigate Taylor’s hypothesis and the statistics of spatial structures on the microscale in this study. For the first time, simultaneous horizontally distributed wind measurements with a fleet of 20 quadrotor UAS (unmanned aerial systems) are enabled. The measurements were taken at different heights and under different atmospheric conditions at the boundary layer field site in Falkenberg of the German National Meteorological Service (DWD). An adaptable horizontal flight pattern has been especially developed, consisting of measurements distributed along and lateral to the mean flow direction with separation distances of 5...205 m. The validity of Taylor's hypothesis is studied by examining cross-correlations of longitudinally distributed UAS and comparing them with autocorrelations of single UAS. To assess the similarity of flow structures on different scales, the lateral and longitudinal coherence of the streamwise velocity component is examined. Two modeling approaches for the decay of coherence are compared. The experimental results are in good agreement with the model approaches for neutral atmospheric conditions, whereas in stable and convective ABL, the exponential approaches are not unconditionally valid. The validation results and the agreement with the literature on coherence in the ABL underline the potential of the UAS fleet for the purpose of spatial turbulence measurements.
Conjunctival sac flora and drug susceptibility analysis in normal children in East China
Authors: jiang mingming , zhang jing , wan xiaomei , ding yichao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To study the conjunctival sac flora distribution characteristics and analyze the drug susceptibility of commonly used topical antimicrobial agents in normal children <18 years in East China.
Methods: Microorganism cultures of conjunctival sac were analyzed for 1258 children (2516 eyes; average age, 6 years) in Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in 2019. Patients with ocular surface diseases and those who used any topical antimicrobial agent recently were excluded. The operation followed the M-38A protocol (microdilution method; investigators read the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute to analyze the conjunctival sac microorganism species and drug susceptibility.
Results:The incidence of conjunctival sac microorganism in children was 32.87% (827/2516), a total of 541 cases (male 293, female 248). Patients with conjunctival sac flora in a single eye were 255 and in both eyes were 286 (no statistical difference, P>0.05). The concordance rate of patients with binocular conjunctival sac flora was 32.16% (174/541; male 84, female 90). A total of 42 species of bacteria were detected; patients with Gram-positive cocci accounted for the highest proportion, 91.54% (757/827). The top three bacteria with the highest detection rates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis; 52.12%), Streptococcus (12.09%), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; 10.76%). Streptococcus mitis (5.20%) accounted for the highest proportion of Streptococcus. The drug susceptibility analysis showed that S. epidermidis was most sensitive to gatifloxacin (98.61%), while it had the highest resistance rate to erythrocin (87.94%). S. aureus had the highest susceptibility to moxifloxacin (100%). Streptococcuswas most sensitive to moxifloxacin (96.97%) and had the highest resistance rate to tobramycin (92.93%).
Conclusions: Conjunctival sac flora in children was dominated by Gram-positive cocci, mainly S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and Streptococcus. S. epidermidisincreased with age; the proportion of Streptococcus was higher than S. aureus among children aged 0–6 years. The typical conjunctiva sac flora was generally sensitive to quinolones, such as moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin; Streptococcusdisplayed high resistance to tobramycin antibiotics; and the female children had higher resistance to tobramycin than the male children.
Development of antifungal films from nanocomplexes based on egg white protein nanogels and phenolic compounds
Authors: Deseta María Laura , Sponton Osvaldo Ernesto , Finos Marianela Belén , Cuffia Facundo , Torres-Nicolini Andrés , Alvarez Vera Alejandra , Santiago Liliana Gabriela , Perez Adrián Alejandro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work is aimed to develop antifungal films from nanocomplexes based on egg white protein nanogels (EWPn) and phenolic compounds (PC), carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY). EWPn-PC nanocomplexes were characterized by intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, particle size (DLS), ζ potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and antifungal properties. Nanocomplexes with proper encapsulation efficiency (> 80%) and antifungal activity against A. niger were obtained. Films were obtained by a casting process (40°C, 48 h) using glycerol as a plasticizing agent. EWPn-PC films were transparent and slightly yellow. SEM images revealed a porous, compact, and homogeneous microstructure. Tensile tests indicated less flexibility, breakability, and rigidity regarding the EWPn control film. Thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) highlighted an amorphous nature and resistance to high temperatures (~ 150°C). Moreover, they were permeable to water vapor and able to adsorb variable water amounts. Finally, their antifungal properties were verified using a sample of preservative-free bread. EWPn-PC films were able to prevent the fungal spoilage for 30 days of storage at 25°C. Sensory analysis for bread stored with EWPn-PC films indicated acceptability above the indifference threshold (> 5).
Photobiomodulation reduces the cytokine storm syndrome associated with Covid-19 in the zebrafish model
Authors: charlie-silva Ives , Barbosa Ana , De Pontes Letícia , Bomfim Camila , Machado-Santelli Glaucia , Condino-Neto Antonio , Guzzo Cristiane , Peron Jean Schatzmann , Medeiros Renata , Ferraris Fausto , Barcellos Leonardo , Junior José Dias Corrêa , Galindo-Villegas Jorge , Machado Mônica Ferreira Rodrigues , Peçanha Ana P. B. , Carvalho Tábata R. B. , Garcez Aguinaldo Silva , Castoldi Angela , Romos Ivana F. , Doretto Lucas B. , Nakajima Rafael Takahiro , Nóbrega Rafael , Oliveira Susana , Carlino-Costa Camila , Silva Patrick da , Belo Marco , Alexandre Leonardo S. , Ferreira Vinícius G. , Andrade-Silva Magaiver , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work presents the first study showing how photobiomodulation (PBM) significantly increases cellular and tissue repair and elucidating the role of PBM with low-level laser as a possible new therapy in pathologies in COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome from a zebrafish model. Our results demonstrate new strategies for treating SARS-COV-2 using PBM to modulate the expression of the genes and metabolites involved in inflammatory processes. These metabolic alterations show that the r-Spike led to disturbance in the energetic and inflammatory system, corroborating with the severe clinical conditions of human patients. Furthermore, PBM decreased the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab, and of factors involved in oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a, coa1), in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. In summary, our study suggests that PBM may have a positive role in treating cytokine storm syndrome associated with COVID-19. PBM can significantly regulate the inflammatory response promoting cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues. This work suggests that PBM may have a positive role in treating COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials.
Production of Bacterial Cellulose and its Evaluation as a Proton Exchange Membrane
Authors: Ramírez-Carmona Margarita , Gálvez-Gómez María Paula , González-Perez Lina , Pinedo-Rangel Valentina , Pineda-Vasquez Tatiana , Hotza Dachamir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Production of bacterial cellulose and its evaluation as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) was evaluated. Initially, the bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced by fermentation in a 600 mL bioreactor with a 300 mL medium volume, 10% v/v inoculum with Komagataeibacter hansenii under static conditions, and a temperature of 30°C. The bacteria were cultivated in Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium with pH adjustment to 6.6 with HCl and/or NaOH. Five culture media were evaluated: HS (M1), M1 + green tea extract (M3), M1 + mixture of extra thyme and green tea (M4), and M1 + glycerin (M5). The kinetics of BC production was followed by digital images. Subsequently, BC production cellulose was carried out using M5 under the same operating conditions. After 3, 5, 10 and 13 days of fermentation, the thickness of formed BC formed was measured, respectively, as 0.301 ± 0.008 cm, 0.552 ± 0.026 cm, 0.584 ± 0.03 cm and 0.591 ± 0.018 cm. Finally, BC was characterized by porosity, water absorption capacity, ion exchange capacity, mechanical strength and diffusivity. The results showed that thinner membranes favor the processes of ion exchange (0.143 H+mmol g− 1) and water absorption (93%). On the other hand, thicker membranes enhance physical parameters of transport across the membrane and its operability. Nevertheless, BC membranes can be a good alternative as PEM once they are functionalized.
Conglomerate Mergers and Competition: A Game Theoretic Approach with Research and Development Investments
Authors: Herrera-Velasquez Jose de Jesus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Given that conglomerate merger theory remains lacking, this study examines conglomerate mergers' effects on competition. It employs a theoretical model where oligopolistic firms in technologically related markets engage in conglomerate mergers to shift research and development (R&D) capabilities. The study fully characterizes the equilibrium outcomes and the underlying merger decisions. It finds an equilibrium outcome where competition is harmed, but more consumers enjoy the positive effects of R&D. Policy implications regarding conglomerate mergers are, therefore, intricate, given that they may be outside the jurisdiction of competition authorities like the European Commission.
JEL classification: C70, D21, D43, L11, L13, L40.
Nerve conduction studies through landmark based recording and effects of hand length
Authors: Yaranagula Sai Deepak , Koduri Venkata Krishna Chaitanya , P Suresh Babu , Veligonda Thriveni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As per existing guidelines, the distance between stimulator and recording electrodes in nerve conduction studies (NCS) should be the same (fixed) in all the subjects, i.e., it should not be based on anatomical landmarks. However, there are no studies comparing fixed distance recordings with landmark based NCS. We postulated that hand length can influence the NCS parameters in fixed distance recordings and this can be nullified using landmark based recordings. To test this theory, we performed NCS in forty eight normal subjects as per standard guidelines (standard protocol) and then compared it to NCS with ulnar styloid as the landmark (modified protocol). NCS were performed on Median and Ulnar nerves of the right upper limb. Three motor NCS parameters including distal latency, Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) amplitudes and nerve conduction velocities were measured. Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP) amplitudes and conduction velocities were the two sensory parameters measured. On analysis, Ulnar motor conduction velocity was the only parameter affected by hand length in both standard and modified protocols. Modified protocol did not have any additional advantage to the standard protocol advised by NDTF. We conclude that the NDTF guidelines are therefore reasonable when considering the effects of hand length. Possible reasons for this result including anatomical and anthropometric explanations are discussed.
How Turbulence Works —Turbulence Multifractality Cascade
Authors: Hu Yinqiao , Chen Jinbei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How turbulence works? What is its function? What drives it? Yet turbulence is poorly understood and poorly ability to calculate. Turbulence is characterized by the cascades of energy across a huge range of scales. But so far, there is still a lack of accurate and universally applicable description of turbulence cascade. We develop the turbulence fractal dynamics to reveals universal law of the turbulence cascade and to provide a universally applicable cascade model of the energy spectrum simply determined by two constants. The atmospheric observation data verify universality and practicality of turbulence cascade model and prove further a huge motion system is composed of turbulence multifractality hierarchical structure with different level turbulence systems driven by the energy injection. The results reveal that the work of a turbulence system is like a heat engine, the energy injection domain continuously absorbs energy from the environment through negative entropy flow, and the energy dissipation domain increasing entropy does work to dissipate energy. The function of turbulence is the energy of a motion system continuously is transferred step by step from higher levels to lower levels through cascade of turbulent vortices, until the energy is converted into molecular heat energy eventually. The results greatly deepen our understanding of the nature of turbulence.
Coronal plane femoral bowing in Far East Asians - Implications for the strategy of distal femoral resection in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lee Sang Min , Kim Hak Sang , Jang Jae Hoon , Ahn Tae Young , Suh JeungTak , Rhee Seung Joon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The accuracy of distal femoral resection in intramedullary (IM) guided total knee arthroplasty (TKA) depends on femoral morphology and varies according to individual anatomy. This study aimed to characterise coronal plane femoral bowing in Far East Asians according to age, sex, and severity of varus deformity to identify optimal strategies for distal femoral resection in TKA.
Method
Femoral anatomical parameters in 656 patients (M:F = 232:424) were assessed using standing long-leg anteroposterior radiography which was fulfilling strict standard. The femur was divided into three longitudinal segments to measure the segmental anatomical axial deviation from the mechanical axis and intersegmental bowing. Coronal plane femoral bowing pattern was categorised based on combined gross bowing and distal bowing.
Results
Mean hip–knee–ankle angle; neck-shaft angle; proximal, middle, and distal segmental axial differences; mechanical lateral distal femoral angle; and femur length were 6.7 ± 6.8°, 125.0 ± 5.5°, 5.9 ± 1.7°, 6.1 ± 1.1°, 5.3 ± 1.6°, 88.4 ± 2.6°, and 432.3 ± 23.9 mm in male and 8.4 ± 5.5°, 126.4 ± 5.6°, 5.4 ± 1.5°, 6.6 ± 0.9°, 5.6 ± 1.6°, 89.3 ± 2.6°, and 410.6 ± 23.3 mm in female, respectively. Mean proximal, distal, and gross femoral bowing was 0.3 ± 1.8°, − 0.8 ± 1.8°, and − 0.5 ± 2.9° in male and 1.2 ± 1.6°, − 1.0 ± 1.6°, and 0.2 ± 2.7° in female, respectively.
Conclusions
Grossly straight femur with a straight distal part were the most common femoral bowing pattern in Far East Asians. Distal bowing was proved to be a key factor to choose method for distal femoral resection in TKA. Using IM guide to achieve accurate distal femoral resection in the femora with distal segmental axial deviation between 4−8° and distal bowing less than ± 1° is considered feasible.
Hindi Text Summarization using Sequence to Sequence Neural Network
Authors: Kumari Namrata , Singh Pardeep 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Text summarizing reduces a large block of text data to a precise, short, and intelligible text that conveys the whole meaning of the actual text in slight few words while maintaining the original context. Due to a lack of relevant summaries it is hard to understand the main idea of the document. Text summarization using abstractive technique is well-studied in English, although it is still in its infancy in Indian regional languages. In this study to implement abstractive text summarization, Sequence To Sequence (SeqTOseq) Neural Networks based on Attention model will be used. These modeling are supported by stop-words and rare word lists generated for pre-processing of the Hindi dataset. Our method allows the model to take the Hindi language dataset and as an output provides a concise summary that accurately reflects the gist of the original text.
Machine learning implementation using bots
Authors: Patel Hrishitva 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For advanced human-computer interaction, research on natural language processing is on trend, resulting in the development of innate and natural interaction modalities, such as chatbots. A chatbot is a software application that makes it possible to conduct conversations in a natural language for various user queries in an online mode, thus grabbing much attention in business and commercial applications. Various chatbot models have been reported previously, but no comprehensive chatbot model has been available for processing all human languages under all user applications. As a result, researchers have started to dedicate their efforts to develop their own chatbot model based on a specific language for some specific applications. With this specific goal, we have proposed a chatbot model for conservation in the English language that handles queries in the sociological domain based on a hybrid approach. The proposed chatbot model using generative and retrieval techniques, can handle one-word as well as descriptive responses to user sociological queries. We claim that the proposed chatbot can meet the needs of small-to medium-sized organizations for their research queries, and that this model is comparatively more interactive, easy to maintain, and cost-effective against the previous models.