bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional comparisons of the environmental microbiota of pond and tank environments at different locations for the commercial aquaculture of American shad
Authors: Du J. , Liu Q.H. , Liu J.S. , Zhang K.-Q. , Huang W.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The environmental microbiota plays a significant role in the growth and development of aquatic life. In recent years, American shad has become an important economic aquaculture species in China. However, information on the correlation between the growth of American shad and the aquaculture environment is limited. Through 16S rDNA-based sequencing, the microbiota communities in ponds at different locations (Jiangyin and Yancheng in Jiangsu, China) were investigated. The results showed that the richness and diversity of the microbiota in the pond were greater than those in the tank at the same location. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were more abundant in the samples from Jiangyin than in those from Yancheng. In addition, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was larger in the JYT samples than in the YCT samples, which implied that the American shad cultured in the Jiangyin environment tended to be fatter than those cultured in Yancheng. The body weight data also confirmed this finding. Moreover, the proportions of functional annotations in the samples from the Jiangyin and Yancheng environments were similar, but there were differences between the overall levels. Our results highlighted the correlations between the environmental microbiome and the growth tendency of American shad.
Prophylactic effects of hyperforin on anhedonia-like phenotype in chronic restrain stress model: A role of gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Yao Chuan , Li Min , Wang Li-chuang , Huang Wei , Chen Qing-jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anhedonia is the core symptom of depression, which largely reflects the therapeutic effect of depression. Hypericum perforatum is one of the most important antidepressant herb that has fewer side effects than traditional antidepressants. Considering the antibacterial effect of Hypericum perforatum, we verified whether this antidepressant activity was related to intestinal microbiomics. So we established anhedonia mouse model to explore the underlying treatment mechanism of hyperforin, the key antidepressant ingredient of Hypericum perforatum and to screen new psychobiotics based on hyperforin. It was found that hyperforin prevented anhedonia induced by chronic restraint stress in mice and altered the richness and evenness of bacteria populations compared with stressed mice. Metastat analysis showed that Akkermansia muciniphila and Muribaculum intestinale were the bacterial species obviously affected by hyperforin, and their abundance in hyperforin-treated group significantly increased. The results suggest that the effect of hyperforin on anhedonia may be partly assisted by Akkermansia muciniphila. These also indicate that Muribaculum intestinale may be another important intestinal bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of anhedonia symptom and depression.
The red flesh of kiwifruit is differentially controlled by specific activation–repression systems
Authors: Wang Wen‐qiu , Moss Sarah M. A. , Zeng Lihui , Espley Richard V. , Wang Tianchi , Lin‐Wang Kui , Fu Bei‐ling , Schwinn Kathy E. , Allan Andrew C. , Yin Xue‐ren 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Anthocyanins are visual cues for pollination and seed dispersal. Fruit containing anthocyanins also appeals to consumers due to its appearance and health benefits. In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) studies have identified at least two MYB activators of anthocyanin, but their functions in fruit and the mechanisms by which they act are not fully understood.

Here, transcriptome and small RNA high‐throughput sequencing were used to comprehensively identify contributors to anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit.

Stable overexpression in vines showed that both 35S::MYB10 and MYB110 can upregulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Actinidia chinensis fruit, and that MYB10 overexpression resulted in anthocyanin accumulation which was limited to the inner pericarp, suggesting that repressive mechanisms underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in this species. Furthermore, motifs in the C‐terminal region of MYB10/110 were shown to be responsible for the strength of activation of the anthocyanic response. Transient assays showed that both MYB10 and MYB110 were not directly cleaved by miRNAs, but that miR828 and its phased small RNA AcTAS4‐D4(−) efficiently targeted MYB110. Other miRNAs were identified, which were differentially expressed between the inner and outer pericarp, and cleavage of SPL13, ARF16, SCL6 and F‐box1, all of which are repressors of MYB10, was observed.

We conclude that it is the differential expression and subsequent repression of MYB activators that is responsible for variation in anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit species.
Visualization of phosphorus re‐translocation and phosphate transporter expression profiles in a shortened annual cycle system of poplar
Authors: Kurita Yuko , Kanno Satomi , Sugita Ryohei , Hirose Atsushi , Ohnishi Miwa , Tezuka Ayumi , Deguchi Ayumi , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Fukaki Hidehiro , Baba Kei'ichi , Nagano Atsushi J. , Tanoi Keitaro , Nakanishi Tomoko M. , Mimura Tetsuro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. In deciduous trees, P is remobilized from senescing leaves and stored in perennial tissues during winter for further growth. Annual internal recycling and accumulation of P are considered an important strategy to support the vigorous growth of trees. However, the pathways of seasonal re‐translocation of P and the molecular mechanisms of this transport have not been clarified. Here we show the seasonal P re‐translocation route visualized using real‐time radioisotope imaging and the macro‐ and micro‐autoradiography. We analysed the seasonal re‐translocation P in poplar (Populus alba. L) cultivated under ‘a shortened annual cycle system’, which mimicked seasonal phenology in a laboratory. From growing to senescing season, sink tissues of 32P and/or 33P shifted from young leaves and the apex to the lower stem and roots. The radioisotope P re‐translocated from a leaf was stored in phloem and xylem parenchyma cells and redistributed to new shoots after dormancy. Seasonal expression profile of phosphate transporters (PHT1, PHT5 and PHO1 family) was obtained in the same system. Our results reveal the seasonal P re‐translocation routes at the organ and tissue levels and provide a foothold for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.
Clinical implications of facial psoriasis in children and adolescents
Authors: Jung Joon Min , Jung Chang Jin , Yang Hee Joo , Lee Woo Jin , Won Chong Hyun , Lee Mi Woo , Chang Sung Eun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe clinical implications of facial involvement in pediatric patients with psoriasis have not been adequately studied. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the association between facial involvement and clinical features including disease severity of psoriasis in children and adolescents.MethodsThe clinical features of patients aged below 20 years diagnosed with psoriasis were retrospectively evaluated and grouped based on the presence or absence of facial involvement at presentation. Demographic and clinical data were compared between groups.ResultsOf the 175 patients, 110 patients (62.9%) had facial involvement of psoriasis at presentation. The group with facial involvement was significantly younger at disease onset (p = .032) and had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p = .043) and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score (p <.001). The severity of pruritus was significantly higher in the facial than in the non‐facial group (p = .020). Involvement of the nose was associated with the highest disease severity as assessed by the PASI score and affected body surface area. A significantly higher number of treatment modalities were used in the facial group than in the non‐facial group (p = .013). The BMI (odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% CI (confidence interval), 1.07–1.80) and PASI score (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03–2.03) were independent factors associated with facial involvement of psoriasis.ConclusionsFacial involvement in psoriasis was associated with higher disease severity and more treatment modalities in children and adolescents.
Value after death
Authors: Frugé Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDoes our life have value for us after we die? Despite the importance of such a question, many would find it absurd, even incoherent. Once we are dead, the thought goes, we are no longer around to have any wellbeing at all. However, in this paper I argue that this common thought is mistaken. In order to make sense of some of our most central normative thoughts and practices, we must hold that a person can have wellbeing after they die. I provide two arguments for this claim on the basis of postmortem harms and benefits as well as the lasting significance of death. I suggest two ways of underwriting posthumous wellbeing.
Radiographic characteristics of canine subungual keratoacanthoma
Authors: Toshima Atsushi , Fulkerson Caroline V. , Oetelaar Garret S. , Kagawa Yumiko , Aoki Hajime , Higuchi Masami , Sawa Kotomi , Kawamura Yozo , Seino Kaji , Sugiyama Atsushi , Otaki Shogo , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubungual keratoacanthoma (SKA) is a rare benign nail bed tumor in dogs, and its radiographic characteristics have not been reported based on the authors’ review of the literature. The purpose of this multicenter, retrospective, observational, descriptive study was to describe the radiographic features of SKA in dogs. Twelve dogs for a total of 12 digits with histologically confirmed SKA met the inclusion criteria. The radiographs of the manus or pes were reviewed by two veterinary radiologists and one veterinarian. The radiology reports were interpreted based on a consensus. In six dogs, there was lysis of both the middle phalanx (P2) and the distal phalanx (P3), whereas in the other six dogs, there was only lysis of P3. In all dogs with osteolysis of P2, the lysis involved the distal articular surface. Osteolysis of P3 was more severe in the ungual process than in the ungual crest in all dogs. The margins of the lytic regions of P2 and P3 were well defined and smoothly marginated in most dogs. Expansile changes in the P3 crest were observed in 83.3% (10/12 dogs), and the nail of the affected digit was enlarged and deformed in 91.6% (11/12 dogs). In summary, the radiographic features of canine SKA include severe pressure resorption of the P3 ungual process, expansile change of the P3 ungual crest, and nail enlargement and deformation. With these radiographic features, SKA should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Outcomes of 25 female dogs treated for ectopic ureters by open surgery or cystoscopic‐guided laser ablation
Authors: Dekerle Bastien , Maurice Emeline , Decambron Adeline , Viateau Véronique , Maurey Christelle , Manassero Mathieu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report outcomes after the correction of ectopic ureter (EU) by open surgery or cystoscopic‐guided laser ablation (CLA) in female dogs.Study designRetrospective study from 2011 to 2018.AnimalsTwenty‐five female dogs.MethodsData collected included signalment, clinicopathologic data, procedural data, complications, and short‐term and long‐term outcomes. Complications were graded as minor or major if a surgical revision was required. Continence status was scored subjectively (1 = completely incontinent to 10 = fully continent).ResultsFifteen dogs had bilateral EU and 24 had intramural EU (iEU). Open surgical correction included 13 neoureterostomies, 2 neocystoureterostomies, and a combination of these in 2 dogs. Eight dogs underwent CLA. Eighteen dogs experienced minor complications (72%), and 2 experienced major complications (8%). One‐month postoperative continence was achieved in 20/25 (80%) dogs (median score of 10). Incontinence recurred at a median time of 24.9 months in 5 dogs but responded to medical treatment. Overall, dogs remained continent for 66 months (median) and 22/25 (88%) dogs achieved continence with adjunction of medical/surgical treatment in incontinent ones. Fewer minor complications and postoperative recurrences of incontinence were documented after CLA than neoureterostomy (P < .01 andP < .05).ConclusionEctopic ureter correction by open surgery or CLA resulted in a subjectively good prognosis, most dogs reaching continence within a month of surgery, although incontinence occasionally recurred in the long term. CLA was associated with fewer complications and incontinence recurrences than neoureterostomy.Clinical significanceCystoscopic‐guided laser ablation should be preferred to correct iEU to prevent short‐term complications and the recurrence of incontinence. Further studies should investigate the cause of postoperative recurrence of urinary incontinence.
The effectiveness of telemedicine interventions on women with postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Huang Sasa , Hu Ying , Wang Guangpeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a public health problem that has significant adverse effects on mothers, couple's relationships, newborn neurodevelopment, and child emotional and cognitive development. This study reviewed the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions in postparturient women with postpartum depression.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine intervention in women with postpartum depression.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for relevant articles published between 2003 and March 2021. We also manually reviewed the reference lists of the retrieved articles. The present study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias for individual studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.4 software was used to carry out the meta‐analysis.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 20 randomized controlled trials with a total of 3252 patients. The results demonstrated that telemedicine was an effective intervention for treating PPD and anxiety and for improving functional impairment in women during their postpartum period.Linking Evidence to ActionThis meta‐analysis provided evidence that telemedicine was an effective intervention for treating PPD in women. Telemedicine also has significant effects on anxiety and improved functional impairment in women during their postpartum period. Our findings may provide accurate evidence‐based guidance for postpartum women's mental health management. In the future, more high‐quality studies are required for verifying these results.
The good, the bad and the ugly: the impact of extracellular vesicles on the cardiovascular system
Authors: Martins‐Marques Tânia , Girão Henrique 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which encompass a myriad of pathological conditions that affect the heart and/or the blood vessels, remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. By transferring a wide variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in long‐range communication across the cardiovascular system. It has been demonstrated that these highly heterogeneous nanosized vesicles participate both in the maintenance of homeostasis of the heart and vessels, and contribute to the pathophysiology of CVDs, thus emerging as promising tools for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of multiple CVDs. In this review, we highlight the beneficial roles of EV‐mediated communication in regulating vascular homeostasis, and inter‐organ crosstalk as a potential mechanism controlling systemic metabolic fitness. In addition, the impact of EV secretion in disease development is described, particularly focusing on cardiac remodelling following ischaemia, atherogenesis and atrial fibrillation progression. Finally, we discuss the potential of endogenous and bioengineered EVs as therapeutic tools for CVDs, as well as the suitability of assessing the molecular signature of circulating EVs as a non‐invasive predictive marker of CVD onset and progression. This rapidly expanding field of research has established the role of EVs as key conveyors of both cardioprotective and detrimental signals, which might be of relevance in uncovering novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers of CVDs.
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Quantification of Behind Shield Blunt Impacts Using a Modified Upper Extremity Anthropomorphic Test Device
Authors: Steinmann Noah , de Lange Julia E. , Binette Jean-Sébastien , Quenneville Cheryl E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ballistic shields are used by military and police members in dangerous situations to protect the user against threats such as gunfire. When struck, the shield material deforms to absorb the incoming kinetic energy of the projectile. If the rapid back-face deformation contacts the arm, it can potentially impart a large force, leading to injury risk, termed behind armor blunt trauma (BABT). This work characterized the loading profiles due to the contact between the deforming back-face of the shield and the arm using a modified upper extremity anthropomorphic test device (ATD). This ATD measured forces at the hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow to compare the locational effects of the force transfer for future investigations of fracture risk. Two composite ballistic shields, both with the same ballistic protection rating, were investigated and had statistically different responses to the same impact conditions, indicating a further need for shield safety evaluation. Additionally, ballistic force curves were compared among stand-off distances, defined as the distance between the back-face of the shield and the front of the force sensor, where the peak impact force significantly decreased with increased stand-off. This study presents the first highly instrumented ATD upper limb capable of evaluating BABT and characterization of these loading profiles. This work demonstrates the importance of realistic boundary conditions as loading varies by anatomical location. Stand-off distance is an effective method to reduce loading and should be considered in future shield design iterations and standards that are developed using this device.
Relating Metabolism Suppression and Nucleation Probability During Supercooled Biopreservation
Authors: Consiglio Anthony N. , Rubinsky Boris , Powell-Palm Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aqueous supercooling provides a method by which to preserve biological matter at subfreezing temperatures without the deleterious effects of ice formation. The extended longevity of the preserved biologic is a direct result of a reduction in the rate of metabolism with decreasing temperature. However, because the nucleation of ice from a supercooled solution is a stochastic process, supercooled preservation carries the risk of random ice nucleation. Theoretical supercooled biopreservation research to date has largely treated these biological and thermophysical phenomena separately. Here, we apply a statistical model of stochastic ice nucleation to demonstrate how the possible reduction in metabolic rate is inherently related to supercooling stability (i.e., the likelihood of ice nucleation). We develop a quantitative approach by which to weigh supercooling stability versus potential metabolic reduction, and further show how the stability–metabolism relationship varies with system size for two assumed modes of nucleation. Ultimately, this study presents a generalizable framework for the informed design of supercooled biopreservation protocols that considers both phase transformation kinetics and biochemical or biophysical kinetics.
A post-Flexner comparative case study of medical training responses to health system needs in Brazil and Germany
Authors: Koch Roland , Fuhr Hannah , Koifman Lilian , Sturm Heidrun , March Cláudia , Vianna Sobrinho Luiz , Joos Stefanie , Borges Fabiano Tonaco 
Published: March 2022

Health systems need medical professionals who can and will work in outpatient settings, such as general practitioner practices or health centres. However, medical students complete only a small portion of their medical training there. Furthermore, this type of training is sometimes seen as inferior to training in academic medical centres and university hospitals. Hence, the healthcare system’s demand and the execution of medical curricula do not match. Robust concepts for better alignment of both these parts are lacking. This study aims to (1) describe decentral learning environments in the context of traditional medical curricula and (2) derive ideas for implementing such scenarios further in existing curricula in response to particular medicosocietal needs.This study is designed as qualitative cross-national comparative education research. It comprises three steps: first, two author teams consisting of course managers from Brazil and Germany write a report on change management efforts in their respective faculty. Both teams then compare and comment on the other’s report. Emerging similarities and discrepancies are categorised. Third, a cross-national analysis is conducted on the category system.Stakeholders of medical education (medical students, teaching faculty, teachers in decentral learning environments) have differing standards, ideals and goals that are influenced by their own socialisation—prominently, Flexner’s view of university hospital training as optimal training. We reiterate that both central and decentral learning environments provide meaningful complementary learning opportunities. Medical students must be prepared to navigate social aspects of learning and accept responsibility for communities. They are uniquely positioned to serve as visionaries and university ambassadors to communities. As such, they can bridge the gap between university hospitals and decentral learning environments.