bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning diagnostics for bladder tumor identification and grade prediction using RGB method
Authors: Yoo Jeong Woo , Koo Kyo Chul , Chung Byung Ha , Baek Sang Yeop , Lee Su Jin , Park Kyu Hong , Lee Kwang Suk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe evaluate the diagnostic performance of deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) for bladder cancer, which used white-light images (WLIs) and narrow-band images, and tumor grade prediction of AI based on tumor color using the red/green/blue (RGB) method. This retrospective study analyzed 10,991 cystoscopic images of suspicious bladder tumors using a mask region-based convolutional neural network with a ResNeXt-101-32 × 8d-FPN backbone. The diagnostic performance of AI was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, and its ability to detect cancers was investigated using the dice score coefficient (DSC). Using the support vector machine model, we analyzed differences in tumor colors according to tumor grade using the RGB method. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and DSC of AI were 95.0%, 93.7%, 94.1% and 74.7%. In WLIs, there were differences in red and blue values according to tumor grade (p < 0.001). According to the average RGB value, the performance was ≥ 98% for the diagnosis of benign vs. low-and high-grade tumors using WLIs and > 90% for the diagnosis of chronic non-specific inflammation vs. carcinoma in situ using WLIs. The diagnostic performance of the AI-assisted diagnosis was of high quality, and the AI could distinguish the tumor grade based on tumor color.
Digital health technology-specific risks for medical malpractice liability
Authors: Rowland Simon P , Fitzgerald J. Edward , Lungren Matthew , Lee Elizabeth , Harned Zach , McGregor Alison H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedical professionals are increasingly required to use digital technologies as part of care delivery and this may represent a risk for medical error and subsequent malpractice liability. For example, if there is a medical error, should the error be attributed to the clinician or the artificial intelligence-based clinical decision-making system? In this article, we identify and discuss digital health technology-specific risks for malpractice liability and offer practical advice for the mitigation of malpractice risk.
Protected area personnel and ranger numbers are insufficient to deliver global expectations
Authors: Appleton Michael R. , Courtiol Alexandre , Emerton Lucy , Slade James L. , Tilker Andrew , Warr Lauren C. , Malvido Mónica Álvarez , Barborak James R. , de Bruin Louise , Chapple Rosalie , Daltry Jennifer C. , Hadley Nina P. , Jordan Christopher A. , Rousset François , Singh Rohit , Sterling Eleanor J. , Wessling Erin G. , Long Barney 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe 2020 global spatial targets for protected areas set by the Convention on Biological Diversity have almost been achieved, but management effectiveness remains deficient. Personnel shortages are widely cited as major contributing factors but have not previously been quantified. Using data from 176 countries and territories, we estimate a current maximum of 555,000 terrestrial protected area personnel worldwide (one per 37 km2), including 286,000 rangers (one per 72 km2), far short of published guidance on required densities. Expansion by 2030 to 30% coverage of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures is widely agreed as a minimum for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. We project that effective management of this expanded system will require approximately 3 million personnel (one per 13 km2), including more than 1.5 million rangers or equivalents (one per 26 km2). Parallel improvements in resourcing, working conditions and capacity are required for effective, equitable and sustainable management.
Towards a definition of microglia heterogeneity
Authors: Healy Luke M. , Zia Sameera , Plemel Jason R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh dimensional single-cell analysis such as single cell and single nucleus RNA sequencing (sc/snRNAseq) are currently being widely applied to explore microglia diversity. The use of sc/snRNAseq provides a powerful and unbiased approach to deconvolve heterogeneous cellular populations. However, sc/snRNAseq and analyses pipelines are designed to find heterogeneity. Indeed, cellular heterogeneity is often the most frequently reported finding. In this Perspective, we consider the ubiquitous concept of heterogeneity focusing on its application to microglia research and its influence on the field of neuroimmunology. We suggest that a clear understanding of the semantic and biological implications of microglia heterogeneity is essential for mitigating confusion among researchers.
Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies
Authors: Dasandi Niheer , Graham Hilary , Hudson David , Jankin Slava , vanHeerde-Hudson Jennifer , Watts Nick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPublic support for climate policies is important for their efficacy, yet little is known about how different framings of climate change affect public support for climate policies around the world. Here we report findings from a conjoint experiment of 7,500 adults in five countries – China, Germany, India, UK, and USA – to identify climate messages that elicit greater support for policies to tackle climate change. Messages were randomly varied on four attributes: positive (opportunity) or negative (threat) framings, theme (health, environment, economy, migration), scale (individual, community, national, global), and time (current, 2030, 2050). We find that a positive frame, health and environmental frames, and global and immediate frames bolster public support. We examine differences between countries, and across groups within countries – particularly focusing on the effect of these frames among individuals that are unconcerned about climate change. Among this group, positive and health frames increase the likelihood of support for climate policies, indicating the relevance of these frames for shifting policy preferences for different audience groups.
Therapeutic use of calpeptin in COVID-19 infection
Authors: Inal Jameel , Paizuldaeva Ainura , Terziu Esmeralda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This perspective considers the benefits of the potential future use of the cell permeant calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, as a drug to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Recent work has reported calpeptin’s capacity to inhibit entry of the virus into cells. Elsewhere, several drugs, including calpeptin, were found to be able to inhibit extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis. Unsurprisingly, because of similarities between viral and EV release mechanisms, calpeptin has also been shown to inhibit viral egress. This approach, identifying calpeptin, through large-scale screening studies as a candidate drug to treat COVID-19, however, has not considered the longer term likely benefits of calpain inhibition, post-COVID-19. This perspective will reflect on the capacity of calpeptin for treating long COVID by inhibiting the overproduction of neutrophil extracellular traps potentially damaging lung cells and promoting clotting, together with limiting associated chronic inflammation, tissue damage and pulmonary fibrosis. It will also reflect on the tolerated and detrimental in vivo side-effects of calpain inhibition from various preclinical studies.
Adhesion and corrosion resistance of polycaprolactone coating on NiTi alloy surface after alkali heat pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Yang Yanan , Guo Yunting , Sha Pengwei , Xu Zezhou , Yu Zhenglei , Si Jiashun , Zhang Zhengao , Guo Jia , Chen Yifan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSelective laser melting of nickel‐titanium alloy (SLM‐NiTi) can precisely control the size of the sample molding structure and has attracted extensive attention due to its special superelasticity and shape memory effect. However, the biological inertness and poor corrosion resistance of SLM‐NiTi alloy limit their wide application as biomedical implant materials. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) coating was prepared on SLM‐NiTi alloy by dipping and pulling method, and the effects of alkali heat pretreatment on the morphology, adhesion, corrosion resistance, long‐term stability and biomineralisation of the PCL coatings were investigated. The results showed that PCL coating can substantially improve the performance of SLM‐NiTi alloy, and the PCL coating after alkali heat pretreatment has higher adhesion (increased from 1,747 to 2,498 mN) and lower corrosion current density (reduced by about an order of magnitude compared to PCL coating alone). In addition, the necessary stability, biomineralisation and biocompatibility ability of coatings were also further improved. Therefore, the alkali heat pretreated PCL‐coated SLM‐NiTi alloy has good application prospects in implants due to its superior properties.
High step‐up DC–DC converter using coupled inductor voltage multiplier cell and differential connection method
Authors: He Ying , Sun Xuanjin , Liu Shanlin , Wang Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a high step‐up DC–DC converter using coupled inductor voltage multiplier cell and differential connection method. The proposed converter is obtained by differentially connecting a Cuk converter and a Buck‐Boost converter and integrating a coupled inductor voltage multiplier cell. The control mode of the two switches adopts interleaved control and the proposed converter has higher voltage gain. The diode‐capacitor branch in the shared topology is used as a passive clamping branch to reduce the maximum voltage stress of switches. The working principle of the proposed converter is analyzed and its performance parameters and boundary conditions are given. The voltage gain of the converter can be improved by adding different voltage doubling structures and the general topology of the proposed converter is given. The effect of leakage inductance on the performance of the proposed converter is analyzed. Finally, a 300‐W prototype was built and verified the theoretical analysis.
Vibration signal diagnosis and conditional health monitoring of motor used in biomedical applications using Internet of Things environment
Authors: Wang Dong , Dai Lihua , Zhang Xiaojun , Sayyad Shabnam , Sugumar R. , Kumar Khushmeet , Asenso Evans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVibration, especially basic vibration, may cause loose contacts, open circuits, or other contact problems, which account for a large proportion of system failure causes. Due to the complexity of the chassis structure used in the biomedical motors, the vibration analysis of a single component cannot solve the vibration problems encountered
in the work of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to use system simulation and experiments to monitor and enhance the health of the structure. Finite element method is used to carry out the dynamic analysis from the component to the system, and calculate the natural frequency, modal shape and harmonic response. Then, the effectiveness and accuracy of the analysis results are verified by experiments through simulation and experiments. The results show that the measures taken have effectively reduced the vibration of the chassis equipment and improved its safety for better health safety of patients. There is just a 2% variation between the natural frequencies acquired from the experiment and the simulation computation. In terms of natural frequency, the first 6‐order natural frequencies all have errors of less than 10%, and the natural frequency error is comparable to that of fireproof board.
The first catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed red nuggets at z ∼ 0.7 from the VIPERS survey
Authors: Lisiecki Krzysztof , Małek Katarzyna , Siudek Małgorzata , Pollo Agnieszka , Krywult Janusz , Karska Agata , Junais  
Published: October 2022

Context. Red nuggets are a rare population of passive compact massive galaxies thought to be the first massive galaxies that formed in the Universe. First found at z ∼ 3, they are even less abundant at lower redshifts, and it is believed that with time they mostly transformed through mergers into today’s giant ellipticals. The red nuggets that managed to escape this fate can serve as unique laboratories to study the early evolution of massive galaxies.
Aims. In this paper we aim to make use of the unprecedented statistical power of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey to build the largest up-to-date catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed red nuggets at the intermediate redshift 0.5 < z < 1.0.
Methods. Starting from a catalogue of nearly 90 000 VIPERS galaxies we selected sources with stellar masses Mstar > 8 × 1010 M⊙ and effective radii Re < 1.5 kpc. From these sources we selected red passive galaxies with old stellar populations based on colour–colour NUVrK diagram, star formation rate values, and verification of their optical spectra.
Results. Verifying the influence of the limit of the source compactness on the selection, we found that the sample size can vary by up to two orders of magnitude, depending on the chosen criterion. Using one of the most restrictive criteria with additional checks on their spectra and passiveness, we spectroscopically identified only 77 previously unknown red nuggets. The resultant catalogue of 77 red nuggets is the largest such catalogue built based on the uniform set of selection criteria above the local Universe. The number density calculated on the final sample of 77 VIPERS passive red nuggets per comoving Mpc3 increases from 4.7 × 10−6 at z ∼ 0.61 to 9.8 × 10−6 at z ∼ 0.95, which is higher than values estimated in the local Universe, and lower than the values found at z > 2. It fills the gap at intermediate redshift.
Conclusions. A catalogue of red nuggets presented in this paper is a golden sample for future studies of this rare population of objects at intermediate redshift. In addition to covering a unique redshift range and careful selection of galaxies, the catalogue is spectroscopically identified.
Quality of Life and Limb Functionality in Adolescents and Young Adults Surviving Bone Tumors in the Lower Extremity in a Developing Country: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vasquez Liliana , Tello Mariela , Maza Ivan , Shah Darshi , Silva Jose , Sialer Luis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction Due to higher survival rates among patients with bone tumors, there is a growing interest in determining these individuals' limb functionality and psychosocial prognosis.
Objectives This study aimed to analyze the differences in functionality and quality of life (QoL) related to health in patients diagnosed with a malignant bone tumor during childhood, according to the type of surgery performed.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed for patients older than 14 years who treated for osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma of the lower limb by who receiving surgery. To assess lower limb functionality and QoL among patients surviving malignant bone tumors, 19 patients surviving osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma of the lower extremity were studied. An evaluation of functionality and QoL was done using the “Enneking and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 scales.” We compared the functional results according to the surgical technique used. Categorical variables were compared according to the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with an established 95% level of significance.
Results QoL among patients who had conservative surgery was not significantly better than amputee patients in the physical or mental aspects, nor in any of their components. Limb functionality, according to Enneking's staging, was significantly higher in non-amputee patients (p = 0.035).
Conclusion According to the data analysis done in this study, the QoL was found to be not significantly different, based on the type of surgery performed; however, there were differences in limb functionality.
Clinico-Hematological Profile of Acute Leukemia Cases in Bihar: A Multiparameter Study in a Tertiary-Care Hospital
Authors: Shuchismita Shuchismita , Jamal Iffat , Raman Ravi Bhushan , Choudhary Vijayanand 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective The actual incidence and demographic profile of hematological malignancies are unknown in Bihar because of lack of population-based cancer registry (PBCR) data and specialized tertiary cancer center facilities. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, clinico-hematological profile and subtyping of acute leukemia cases by retrospective medical records.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, over 2 years from July 2019 to June 2021. A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Medical records were studied and data were retrieved.
Statistical Analysis Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was most prevalent (52.8%), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (34.1%) and unclassified acute leukemia cases (13.1%). Flow cytometry correlation was available in 150 cases. The ratio of males (62.5%) to females (37.5%) is 1.6:1. There was statistically significant difference in physical examination findings between AML and ALL patients. Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and sternal tenderness were more often seen in ALL than in AML patients (p < 0.05). Pallor was more significantly associated with AML than with ALL patients (p < 0.05). Anemia and leucocytosis were found to be significantly associated with acute leukemia patients (p < 0.000).
Conclusion AML M2 was the most common subtype of AML, and B-ALL was the most common subtype of ALL cases.
Two Case Reports of Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacteremia: An Overlooked Pathogen
Authors: Anjana Aravinda , Adhikary Ranjeeta , Bhavana Malavalli Venkatesh , Beena Hosdurg Bhaskar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ochrobactrum anthropi, due to its robust survival abilities, has been known to cause nosocomial and opportunistic infections, posing both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Low virulence, indolent clinical presentation, and lack of awareness on their clinical significance attribute to the underreporting of the same. We report two cases of bacteremia in oncology patients presented to us in a short span of 6 months, which indicates that such infections might be quite common in immunocompromised hosts. Both our strains were susceptible to carbapenems, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and minocycline, and recovered with monotherapy. More vigilant and accurate diagnostic techniques need to be followed not to miss such pathogens. Early identification and administration of appropriate antibiotics have been associated with a good outcome.
Correlation between Estimated Average Glucose Levels Calculated from HbA1c Values and Random Blood Glucose Levels in a Cohort of Subjects
Authors: Garg Pinky , Pethusamy Karthikeyan , Ranjan Rajiv 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level remains the gold standard test for the assessment of glycemic control, and it reflects the mean glucose values in the previous 3-month period. HbA1c is expressed as a percentage, whereas the monitoring and treatment of diabetes are based on blood glucose levels expressed as mg/dL. It is appropriate to make it easy for the patient to understand both random blood sugar (RBS) and estimated average glucose (eAG) expressed with the same units. This will enhance the usefulness of eAG. This article determines the statistical correlation between eAG derived from HBA1C with RBS values both in diabetic and prediabetic subjects.
Methods The RBS and HbA1c levels of 178 males and 283 females (12–90 years) were obtained and the eAG levels were calculated using Nathan's regression equation. The samples were divided into four groups based on HbA1c levels—group 1: HbA1c greater than 9%, group 2: HbA1c 6.5 to 9%, group 3: HbA1c 5.7 to 6.4%; and group 4: HbA1c less than 5.7%.
Results There was a statistically significant positive correlation between RBS and eAG values for the study group 1 and 2. Also, the median values of RBS and eAG showed a significant difference (p < 0.001).
Conclusion As the association between the RBS and eAG levels is strong in a fairly and poorly controlled diabetic population, reporting the eAG level together with the HbA1c level at no additional cost may assist in effective blood glucose control in clinical care. However, eAG and RBS values cannot be used interchangeably.
Information and deliberation in the Covid-19 crisis and in the climate crisis: how expertocratic practices undermine self-government and compliance
Authors: Frinken Julian , Landwehr Claudia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAt the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, democracy’s promise to enable well-informed, responsible decisions gained almost unprecedented appeal. At this stage, many European governments mainly deferred to expert judgment. This is what some experts and activist groups occasionally call for in the case of an even more severe global crisis: the climate crisis. But where citizens are asked to more or less blindly follow the lead of expert judgments, politics takes what Lafont (Democracy without shortcuts: a participatory conception of deliberative democracy. Oxford University Press, Oxford,https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848189.001.0001, 2020) calls an ‘expertocratic shortcut’. In the first part of this paper, we delineate the perceptions of threat that characterize these two cases and that can lead to expertocratic temptations. We point out that shortcuts to democratic decisions not only constitute dead ends, but can also be used to reinforce existing power structures. In the second part, we show how and why such shortcuts are sociologically likely to cause alienation and reactance, as accountability is lost and the rationale for decisions cannot be retraced. We conclude that if a democratic system is to live up to its promise of rationality, legitimate expert involvement has to meet three requirements: political mandate and control, transparency of uncertainty and expert disagreement, linkage to inclusive and effective citizen deliberation.
Multilevel relational influences on HRM practices: a cross-country comparative reflective review of HRM practices in Asia
Authors: Malik Ashish , Pereira Vijay , Budhwar Pawan , Froese Fabian Jintae , Minbaeva Dana , Sun James , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Xue Shanzi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we respond to the calls for context-specific scholarship and research on human resource management (HRM) in Asia. We provide an overview of and key insights into HRM in five Asian countries, representing five key regions: China (East Asia), India (South Asia), Kazakhstan (Central Asia), United Arab Emirates (West Asia), and Vietnam (Southeast Asia). Based on our comprehensive, pan-Asian review, we develop a reflective, comparative, and relational understanding of HRM practices. In doing so, we group the myriad contextual influences on the shaping of HRM practices at three broad levels: macro-, meso-, and microlevel influences. Specifically, we propose that influences from regionalization of economies, national business systems, industry, multinational enterprises, and individual-level predispositions collectively shape and variously influence the nature and extent of HRM practices. By considering the findings of prior research on convergence and divergence, we offer a nuanced perspective wherein each country and region in Asia possesses a distinct amalgam of national business systems, and where HRM practices respond to multilevel influences in varied ways.