bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ethics of enchantment: forming affect and information in experimental paediatric medicine
Authors: Addison Courtney 
Published: January 2022

AbstractScience and medicine have been cast as disenchanted arenas of modernity, even as scholars have illustrated the many enchantments of everyday life. Taking these conversations into the context of experimental paediatric medicine, I explore the dis/enchantments produced through the research ethics systems that govern interactions between medical practitioners and patients’ families. Research ethics enact forms of disenchantment, aiming to produce the informed patient‐subject who can knowingly submit to the unknowns of experimental medicine. However, by following one young patient's emotive disruption of the consent process, I suggest that we instead consider an ethics of enchantment: one that recognizes the affective logics of patienthood alongside the informatic. Elaborating how ethical practice is both institutionally structured and interpersonally improvised, I develop key conversations from the anthropology of ethics, and highlight the interplay of enchantment and disenchantment that constitutes modern medical subjects.
Comparing pulse rate measurement in newborns using conventional and dry‐electrode ECG monitors
Authors: van Twist Eris , Salverda Hylke H. , Pas Arjan B. te 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimHeart rate (HR) is the most important parameter to evaluate newborns’ clinical condition and to guide intervention during resuscitation at birth. The present study aims to compare the accuracy of NeoBeat dry‐electrode ECG for HR measurement with conventional ECG and pulse oximetry (PO).MethodsNewborns with a gestational age ≥32 weeks and/or birth weight ≥1.5 kg were included when HR evaluation was needed. HR was simultaneously measured for 10 min with NeoBeat, PO and conventional ECG.ResultsA total of 18 infants were included (median (IQR) gestational age 39 (36–39) weeks and birth weight 3 150 (2 288–3 859) grams). Mean (SD) duration until NeoBeat obtained a reliable signal was 2.5 (9.0) s versus 58.5 (171.0) s for PO. Mean difference between NeoBeat and ECG was 1.74 bpm (LoA −4.987–8.459 and correlation coefficient 0.98). Paired HR measurements over 30‐s intervals revealed no significant difference between NeoBeat and ECG. The positive predictive value of a detected HR <100 bpm by NeoBeat compared with ECG was 54.84%, negative predictive value 99.99%, sensitivity 94.44%, specificity 99.99% and accuracy 99.85%.ConclusionsHR measurement with NeoBeat dry‐electrode ECG at birth is reliable and accurate.
A retrospective analysis of the duration of mechanical ventilation in Scandinavian paediatric heart centres
Authors: Koski Tapio , Salmi Heli , Keski‐Nisula Juho , Bille Anders , Björnsson Einar , Jessen Casper , Forstholm Ronnie , Lääperi Mitja , Rautiainen Paula 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimEarly extubation after cardiac surgery shortens paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) and decreases complications from mechanical ventilation (MV). We explored the duration of MV in Scandinavian paediatric heart centres.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the MV duration and PICU LOS of 696 children operated for atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in four Scandinavian centres in 2015–2016. Neonates (n = 90) were included regardless of heart surgery type.ResultsPatients with ASD were extubated at a median of 3.25 h (interquartile range [IQR] 2.00–4.83), followed by patients with TCPC (median 5.00 h, IQR 2.60–16.83), VSD (median 7.00 h, IQR 3.69–22.25) and TOF (median 18.08 h, IQR 6.00–41.38). Neonates were not extubated early (median 94.42 h, IQR 45.03–138.14). Although MV durations were reflected in PICU LOS, this was not as apparent among those extubated within 12 h. The Swedish centres had shortest MV durations and PICU LOS. Extubation failed in 24/696 (3.4%) of patients.ConclusionScandinavian paediatric heart centres differed in the duration of postoperative MV. Deferring extubation up to 12 h postoperatively did not markedly prolong PICU LOS.
Investigating cognitive moral reasoning: The effect of dilemma context and gender agreement between the subject and the dilemma actor
Authors: Weber James , Siniora Dina Nasri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOur research extends the current understanding of cognitive moral reasoning research by considering the often‐overlooked element of context, specifically the issue presented in the ethical dilemma, and the issue of gender agreement between the subject and the dilemma actor. We rely on gender identity and cognitive moral reasoning theories to provide the theoretical underpinnings of our exploration to deepen our understanding of the contextual forces affecting cognitive moral reasoning. Our results generally confirm earlier research findings and provide valuable information regarding our understanding of the impact of the dilemma context and the gender agreement or disagreement between the subject and the actor in an ethical dilemma, with significance found for four of our five hypotheses, with half of the significant results in the direction predicted. Implications for future academic research and business practice are discussed.
Short Research Article: Impact of a prolonged lockdown on the symptoms of paediatric ADHD and common associated disorders
Authors: Pech de Laclause Anna , Gétin Christine , Konofal Éric , Cortese Samuele , Lecendreux Michel 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveOur objective is to explore the change in the severity of ADHD, ODD and anxiety during a two‐month lockdown among children in France and the moderating role of behavioural regulation.MethodIn 235 children with ADHD, the symptom severity of ADHD, ODD and anxiety was investigated one and two months after the beginning of lockdown, and one month after its end. Behavioural regulation skills were estimated with the Behaviour Regulation Index.ResultsADHD, ODD and anxiety scores were increasing or decreasing depending on BRI.ConclusionBaseline behavioural regulation skills may act as a moderating factor for the persistence of ADHD, ODD and anxiety symptoms related to the lockdown.
Emerging complexity in children's conceptualization of the wealthy and the poor
Authors: Yang Xin , Dunham Yarrow 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPast work suggests that children have an overly rosy view of rich people that stays consistent across childhood. However, adults do not show explicit pro‐rich biases and even hold negative stereotypes against the rich (e.g., thinking that rich people are cold and greedy). When does this developmental shift occur, and when do children develop more complex and differentiated understandings of the wealthy and the poor? The current work documents the developmental trajectory of 4–12‐yr‐old primarily American middle‐class children's conceptualizations of the wealthy and the poor (total N = 164). We find: (1) age‐related decreases in pro‐rich preferences and stereotypes relative to the poor; (2) domain‐sensitive stereotypes across prosociality, talent, and effort; (3) resource‐specific behavioral expectations such that with age children increasingly expect the wealthy to contribute more material resources but not more time than the poor; (4) an increasing recognition of the unfairness of the wealth gap between the wealthy and the poor; and (5) a developing understanding of the link between wealth and power. In sum, this work illuminates the emergence of more complex understandings of wealth, poverty, and inequality.
Bempedoic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and normoglycaemia: A post hoc analysis of efficacy and glycaemic control using pooled data from phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Leiter Lawrence A. , Banach Maciej , Catapano Alberico L. , Duell P. Barton , Gotto Antonio M. , Laufs Ulrich , Mancini G. B. John , Ray Kausik K. , Hanselman Jeffrey C. , Ye Zhan , Bays Harold E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of bempedoic acid on glycaemic and lipid variables in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.MethodsA patient‐level pooled analysis of four phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials evaluated changes in glycaemia, change from baseline in LDL‐C, and adverse events. Patients (N = 3621) on maximally tolerated statins were randomized 2:1 to oral bempedoic acid 180 mg or placebo once daily for 12 to 52 weeks with the results analysed by baseline glycaemic status (diabetes, prediabetes, or normoglycaemia).ResultsThe annual rate of new‐onset diabetes for bempedoic acid versus placebo in patients with normoglycaemia at baseline (n = 618) was 0.3% versus 0.8%, and for patients with prediabetes at baseline (n = 1868) it was 4.7% versus 5.9%. In patients with diabetes or prediabetes, bempedoic acid significantly (P < .0001) reduced HbA1c by −0.12% and −0.06%, respectively, and did not worsen fasting glucose versus placebo. Bempedoic acid significantly and consistently lowered LDL‐C levels versus placebo, regardless of baseline glycaemic status (placebo‐corrected difference range, −17.2% to −29.6%; P < .001 for each stratum). The safety of bempedoic acid was comparable with placebo and similar across glycaemic strata.ConclusionsBempedoic acid significantly lowered LDL‐C across glycaemic strata and did not worsen glycaemic variables or increase the incidence of new‐onset diabetes versus placebo over a median follow‐up of 1 year.
Survey on the worldwide availability and affordability of antiseizure medications: Report of the ILAE Task Force on Access to Treatment
Authors: Pironi Virginia , Ciccone Ornella , Beghi Ettore , Paragua‐Zuellig Hazel , Patel Archana A. , Giussani Giorgia , Bianchi Elisa , Venegas Viviana , Vigevano Federico ,   the ILAE Task Force on Access to Treatment
Published: January 2022

SummaryHealth systems worldwide are challenged in the provision of basic medical services and access to treatments for chronic conditions. Epilepsy, the most common severe chronic neurological disorder, does not receive sufficient attention despite being officially declared a public health priority by the World Health Organization. More than 80% of people with epilepsy live in middle‐ and low‐income countries (MICs and LICs, respectively), where most of the population lacks reliable access to antiseizure medications (ASMs), contributing significantly to the large epilepsy treatment gap in these regions. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Access to Treatment administered a global survey to report on the current access to ASMs worldwide. The survey was developed and distributed online through the ILAE and International Bureau of Epilepsy (IBE) secretariats to the chapter representatives. The survey was completed by one representative per country. Response rate was 73.2% (101 countries of the 138 represented in ILAE and/or IBE organizations). Availability and access of ASMs, including distribution problems and costs, reimbursement procedures, general barriers to access to care, and presence of projects targeted toward improving care access, were studied, and descriptive statistics on available responses were performed. Among the 15 first‐generation ASMs surveyed, carbamazepine was reported as the most widely available globally. At least one first‐generation ASM is widely available in most countries, but their number differs dramatically across income levels. Second‐ and third‐generation ASMs are even more limited in MICs and LICs. Additionally, average retail prices for ASMs were not significantly different across countries despite the differences in per capita income from high‐income countries to LICs. This survey provides a worrisome picture of availability and accessibility of ASMs across the world, with wide disparities according to socioeconomic status. Recommendations for direct action on improving access to care will be discussed.
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Authors: Pratt Douglas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractApart from presenting a report and recommendations on Christian–Jewish relations in the aftermath of the Second World War, the 1st Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC), in 1948, did not address interreligious engagement. Nevertheless, within a decade the WCC had begun engagement with peoples of other faiths, spearheaded by a dialogue sub‐unit and a study programme on interreligious dialogue that ran to 1971. This article sketches some of the main developmental moments of the WCC’s engagement in interreligious dialogue through the second half of the 20th century and into the first two decades of the 21st. It identifies three dialogue models employed by the WCC and suggests an outline of a theology of dialogue – theology for, in, and after dialogue – and closes with a comment on the future of dialogue. WCC engagement in interreligious dialogue is as exciting, necessary, and hopeful as it ever was.
The Future of Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: West Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life, including interreligious engagement. This article offers one interpretation of the key markers that should underpin a distinctively Christian engagement with other religious traditions in the current climate. It develops suggestions around the three “theological virtues” – namely, faith, hope, and love – as it is argued that these make the Christian way of being in the world distinctive and attractive. Each virtue is defined first in a broad way, and then in specifically Christian terms, before it is explored in its various applications to interreligious engagement. The article focuses on the opportunities and challenges of engagement in pandemic times throughout, indicating areas for future development in the process. Its conclusion highlights the challenges associated with interreligious engagement in the digital context.
Embodying Worldview
Authors: Kallsen Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile many scholars conclude that increased artistic contact between religions facilitates cross‐cultural interaction, their analysis stops there. This paper aims to demonstrate the artistic gap in modern interreligious dialogue. To combat the lack of specificity of different art forms’ impact, the paper considers how dance, by communicating values through the physical human body, is an artistic mode of dialogue. Dance in Hinduism, in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints, and in nondenominational Christianity is examined regarding their scriptural and socio‐cultural expression. Given dance’s multicultural presence, modern scholars need to increase publications that analyze this art’s impact on interreligious dialogue.
Buddhism and Women’s Liberation
Authors: Tetsuji Jean 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article provides a brief introduction to Buddhism followed by an outline of the Buddhist view of life. It then offers a presentation of the Shin Buddhism school – the Jodo Shin School, or True Pure Land School – and articulates salvation for all genders as a contribution to a specific way of thinking. Finally, the article reflects on the origin of violence against women, with a focus on Brazil, and encourages change from the perspective of Shin Buddhism.
My Hopes for the Future of Hindu–Christian Dialogue
Authors: Rambachan Anantanand 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the future of Hindu–Christian dialogue by framing the issues around a few central questions: Are Hindus interested in dialogue with Christians? Is dialogue a Christian problem? Is there anything to discuss? Are there no differences? Is there anything to learn? Is there a future for Hindu–Christian dialogue? Most Hindus see Christianity as a tradition concerned exclusively with conversion. They think of Christianity as a religion that is not genuinely open to the religious claims and experiences of others. In addition, there is a widespread Hindu perception that interreligious dialogue is a special Christian problem because Christianity, among all the world’s religions, is most challenged theologically by the fact of religious diversity. Finally, there are fewer Hindu scholars of Christianity than Christian scholars who study the Hindu tradition. These are among the significant challenges of Hindu–Christian dialogue that this article addresses.
Suffering, Injustice, and Interfaith Relations
Authors: Barreto Raimundo C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the expansion of the notion of the ecumenical in the course of the 20th century as the growing number of Christians living in the global South began to develop distinct Christian identities in connection with their participation in nation‐building projects, which included close relations with neighbours of other faiths. Far from being isolated, these “third‐world Christians” formed important transnational networks, through which they exchanged experiences and integrated emphases developed in different parts of the world. Among other things, a dialogue between Latin American liberation theology and Asian theologies of religion has evolved to bring together the religious and the suffering “other,” turning interreligious relations into not only a liberative event, but also a decolonial act.
Military couples' experiences in the aftermath of a cancelled deployment
Authors: Marini Christina M. , Basinger Erin D. , Monk James K. , McCall Christine E. , MacDermid Wadsworth Shelley M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeployment requires considerable preparation for military families and changes to these plans may create notable stress. The current study leveraged data from a sample of military couples who experienced the cancellation of an overseas deployment to learn more about their experiences as they adjusted to this change. Guided by family stress and anticipatory stress perspectives, we analyzed qualitative data from 28 service members and their significant others (i.e., spouses or cohabitating partners) to understand their overall reactions to the deployment cancellation. We identified three overall reactions (positive, negative, and ambivalent) that were based on participants’ appraisals of—and preparations for—deployment, as well as ambiguity about family roles and relationships. Further, participants across groups experienced uncertainty about whether or not the deployment would occur, and altered timelines for other life events. Together, our findings highlight the post‐cancellation period as a significant time of stress and transition for military families. However, our findings also signify the need to help all military families cope with uncertainty about when or if deployments will occur given that the military's priorities are often in flux. We therefore describe coping efforts that may be particularly adaptive for families to engage in as they prepare for uncertain, anticipated stressors.
Predictors associated with fathers' successful completion of the FOCUS program
Authors: Rodriguez Matthew R. , Choque Ghaffar Ali Hurtado 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines fathers' individual and social characteristics associated with completion of a fatherhood education program in the context of Child Protective Services (CPS).BackgroundResponsible Fatherhood and similar programs are known to contribute to healthy parenting relations. Despite the growing body of literature on fatherhood programs, few studies have examined factors that may influence fathers' completion of a fatherhood program. In this study, we examined predictors of fathers' completion of the Families Offering Children Unfailing Support (FOCUS) program.MethodThe study used secondary data of fathers (n = 675) involved with child welfare services who participated in the FOCUS program in the Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas, region. The analyses included binomial logistic regression and classification tree to examine associations between fathers' successful program completion and predictor variables.ResultsLogistic regression analysis revealed fathers having higher annual income were 1.59 times more likely to complete the program than were fathers having lower annual income. Also, fathers having a child welfare conservatorship referral were 1.89 times more likely to complete the program compared to fathers having other types of referrals. Classification tree analysis revealed that ethnicity, nonmarried status, and older age predicted fathers' program completion.ConclusionThis study advances understanding of which individual and social characteristics predict fathers' completion of the FOCUS for Fathers program.ImplicationsTo increase father participation, practitioners may consider increasing the scheduling and session format options along with reconsidering the sequencing of their incentives. Programs also may consider the importance of facilitating trust and camaraderie between the program facilitators and participants.
Community gardens as feminist spaces: A more‐than‐gendered approach to their transformative potential
Authors: Braga Bizarria Maria Teresa , Palomino‐Schalscha Marcela , Stupples Polly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, research in urban agriculture (UA) initiatives has adopted a more critical and transdisciplinary approach, proposing that UA enables shifts in socio‐economic, community, environmental and urban paradigms. Following this critical agenda, this paper draws attention to the multi‐scalar transformative potential that participation in community gardens (as a form of UA) can provide to volunteers, informed by a feminist approach. Firstly, we review the literature on the diverse gendered benefits, and degrees of empowerment women have experienced from working in community gardens, both individually and collectively. Examples from the literature review are informed by concepts from feminist geographies that support the exploration of community gardens as sites of embodied, relational and multi‐scalar experience. Following that, we expand the discussion to review opportunities community gardens offer individuals to gain greater awareness of symbolic forms of oppression, and envision alternatives for social change, drawing on feminist geographies in ways that move ‘beyond gender’. These benefits are mostly informed by conscientisation, decolonial and feminist political ecology approaches. Finally, the paper suggests that community gardens can be conceptualised as feminist spaces, given their fluidity and capacity to enable critical perspectives in volunteers, which may result in alternative forms of political action. The paper concludes with suggestions for further critical research on UA spaces.