bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Journey of Adoption and Adaptation: A Reading of The Tight Game, Sola Owonibi’s Translation of Akinwumi Isola’s Ó Le Kú
Authors: Nyarko Gifty Akua , Ndonibi Rita 
Published: July 2022

Language has long defined the discourse of African literature. Africa’s colonial experience has left its enduring legacy of colonial languages which have been imbibed to the detriment of the usage of indigenous African languages. Accordingly, even in the creation of literary works, the African writer has had to resort to the colonial languages as the medium of expression. Since it is implausible to think of the literature of a people outside the context of their languages, there has arisen a debate on the appropriate language that can be used in African literary expressions. One school of thought represented by Wali and Ngugi see it as absurd to refer as ‘African’, a literary work whose medium of expression is English (a foreign language). They argue that for any literary work to be truly “African”, it has to be written in an African indigenous language. Wali posits that until African writers come to terms with writing literary works in native languages they pursue a dead end. Ngugi also opines that language is so deeply rooted in culture that decolonization is impossible as long as English or any colonial language remain the medium of expression. He argues that using English as the medium of African literary expression amounts to linguistic imperialism. Achebe on the other hand, believes that African writers should embrace writing African literature in any foreign language because this offers African writers a useful means of reaching a wider audience and ensuring African literature a prominent space in the global literary landscape. There is also the alternative of African writers threading the middle ground in this debate by adopting and adapting the foreign language through translating from the foreign language to the local and vice versa to reach a wider audience, achieve universal intelligibility and acceptability. This review essay takes the position that African writers can use the tool of translation to promote the local languages through the process of adoption and adaptation.
Long COVID, Music, BBB, and Nanomedicines
Authors: Contreras Kelly Cruz , Pavláth Attila , Försterling Horst-Dieter , Sommer Andrei 
Published: July 2022

<img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/37366/large/prnano_772022ga.jpg?1658871844”> At the beginning of the first COVID-19 wave, it was believed that the life of the patients who had safely survived pulmonary complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 would soon return to normal. Today, we know that this is not for all patients the case. Unfortunately, for many patients, COVID-19 changed into long COVID – not a life-threatening condition such as the short period of the infection with the coronavirus but with the potential to considerably reduce the quality of life. Notably, long COVID manifests itself in major pathological alteration in the brain, besides other organs. It is unclear whether the alterations in the brain are reversible. Alterations can include but are not limited to cognitive impairment and substantial reduction of grey matter. These clinical findings represent an urgent challenge for the design of nanomedicines targeting the brain and the mode of their application. The challenge comprises a third aspect, which is of physical nature and is the key to a revolution in nanomedicine: the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Even if nanomedicine is effective in vitro, it remains therapeutically useless if it cannot cross the BBB, safeguarding that neither pathogens nor nanoparticles enter the best-protected organ in our body. Here, we present a theoretical model and discuss experimental results, which coherently indicate that it can transiently open the BBB by its mechanical excitation and/or via chemical modification induced by music.
POTENSI GEOWISATA DAERAH JANGKAT DENGAN PENILAIAN KUANTITATIF GEOSITE DAN GEOMORPHOSITE
Authors: Dan HELMI SETIA RITMA PAMUNGKAS IIT ADHITIA 
Published: July 2022

Jangkat merupakan kecamatan di Kabupaten Merangin yang terletak di bagian barat Provinsi Jambi. Sebagian daerah Jangkat merupakan bagian dari Pegunungan Barisan, secara morfologi berupa pegunungan kasar, kerucut gunung api, kuesta, dataran tinggi, dan dataran rendah, sehingga memiliki potensi geowisata yang unik dan menarik untuk diketahui. Daerah penelitian merupakan bagian dari Pegunungan Barisan, terletak di tinggian bagian barat Cekungan Sumatera Selatan. Berdasarkan peta geologi regional lembar Sungaipenuh dan Ketaun, Sumatra, maka urut-urutan batuan penyusun daerah penelitian dari muda ke tua (Kusnama, dkk., 1992) yaitu Satuan Batuan Breksi Gunungapi-Tuf, Satuan Batuan Gunungapi – Rio Andesit, dan Granodiorit Langkup. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga tahapan penelitian, yaitu tahap studi pustaka, tahap penelitian lapangan, dan tahap analisa geosite dan geomorphosite dengan metode penilaian (assessment) kuantitatif menurut Kubalikova (2013). Terdapat 7 geosite dan geomorphosite yaitu Air Terjun Dukun Bertuah, Air Terjun Empenau, Air Terjun Aek Hitam, Puncak Desa Muara Madras, Danau Pauh, Danau Depati Empat, dan Geyser Grao Sakti. Hasil dari analisa kuantitatif berdasarkan parameter-parameter yang ada secara berurutan adalah 55.17%, 55.17%, 55.17%, 42.67%, 64.67%, 55.50%, 52.83%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Situs Danau Pauh layak untuk dijadikan tempat wisata, untuk situs Air Terjun Dukun Bertuah, Air Terjun Empenau, Air Terjun Aek Hitam, Danau Depati Empat, dan Geyser Grao Sakti perlu ditingkatkan lagi dari segi kelayakannya, sedangkan Puncak Desa Muara Madras belum layak untuk saat ini. Dukungan dari berbagai pihak disertai kelayakan pembangunan fasilitas infrastruktur dan fasilitas penunjang wisata pada obyek wisata, pemahaman masyarakat tentang peningkatan kawasan wisata, dan perencanaan promosi yang baik sangat diperlukan agar dapat meningkatkan sektor perekonomian daerah Jangkat. Kata Kunci : jangkat, geosite, geomorphosite, geowisata
ANALISA MULTI HOP ROUTING PADA WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK DIGITAL
Authors: RODIAH MACHDI AGUSTINI 
Published: July 2022

Perkembangan teknologi wireless sensor network digital saat ini sedemikian pesat, jaringan sensor ini semakin luas aplikasinya di berbagai bidang kehidupan, seperti di bidang lingkungan, kesehatan, otomotif, rumah, militer, dan lain sebagainya.Terlebih dengan semakin banyaknya aplikasi berbasis cloud dan pemanfaatan konsep Internet of Things (IoT) sehingga sensor digital ini mampu mentransfer data tanpa perlu terhubung dengan manusia, tetapi menggunakan internet sebagai medianya. Titik-titik sensor digital yang berbasis wireless ini saling berkomunikasi satu sama lainnya sehingga membentuk jaringan.Setiap titik sensor menggunakan protokol untuk dapat saling berkomunikasi, protokol tersebut terdiri dari lapisan aplikasi, lapisan transport, lapisan jaringan, lapisan data link, lapisan fisik dan protokol lintas-lapisan.Komunikasi wireless ini hanya terjadi apabila terdapat link antara sensor dengan access point atau base station. dalam konsep multi hop wireless ini ditempatkan satu atau lebih access point diantara sepanjang jalur link yang berfungsi untuk menerima dam meneruskan paket data melalui link wireless. Jaringan multi hop ini memiliki beberapa manfaat diantaranya dapat memperluas jangkauan jaringan dan meningkatkan konektivitas. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisa mengenai aspek-aspek multi hop routing pada wireless sensor network digital sehingga dapat dibangun suatu jaringan wireless multi hop yang andal, efektif dan berkecepatan tinggi. Kata kunci : multi hop, routing, wireless sensor network, sensor digital, IoT, access point, base station
Characterizing the respiratory-induced mechanical stimulation at the maxillary sinus floor following sinus augmentation by computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Zhongyu , Wang Chao , Wang Hom-Lay 
Published: July 2022

Background: The relationship between maxillary sinus pneumatization and respiratory-induced fluid mechanics remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to simulate and measure the respiratory-induced mechanical stimulation at the sinus floor under different respiratory conditions and to investigate its potential effect on the elevated sinus following sinus-lifting procedures.Methods: The nasal airway together with the bilateral maxillary sinuses of the selected patient was segmented and digitally modeled from a computed tomographic image. The sinus floors of the models were elevated by simulated sinus augmentations using computer-aided design. The numerical simulations of sinus fluid motion under different respiratory conditions were performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithm. Sinus wall shear stress and static pressure on the pre-surgical and altered sinus floors were examined and quantitatively compared.Results: Streamlines with minimum airflow velocity were visualized in the sinus. The sinus floor pressure and the wall shear stress increased with the elevated inlet flow rate, but the magnitude of these mechanical stimulations remained at a negligible level. The surgical technique and elevated height had no significant influence on the wall pressure and the fluid mechanics.Conclusion: This study shows that respiratory-induced mechanical stimulation in the sinus floor is negligible before and after sinus augmentation.
Hybrid Graphenene Oxide/Cellulose Nanofillers to Enhance Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Chitosan-Based Composites
Authors: Santillo C. , Wang Yinglei , Buonocore G. G. , Gentile G. , Verdolotti L. , Kaciulis Saulius , Xia H. , Lavorgna M. 
Published: July 2022

Chitosan-based hybrid nanocomposites, containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), graphene oxide (GO), and borate as crosslinking agents, were successfully prepared by solution-casting technique. The synergistic effect of the two fillers, and the role of the cross-linker, in enhancing the structural and functional properties of the chitosan polymer, was investigated. XPS results confirm the chemical interaction between borate ions and hydroxyl groups of chitosan, GO, and CNCs. The morphological characterization shows that the GO sheets are oriented along the casting surface, whereas the CNC particles are homogenously distributed in the sample. Results of tensile tests reveal that the presence of graphene oxide enhances the elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness of chitosan, while cellulose and borate induce an increase in the elastic modulus and stress at the yield point. In particular, the borate-crosslinked chitosan-based sample containing 0.5 wt% of GO and 0.5 wt% of CNCs shows an elongation at a break value of 30.2% and a toughness value of 988 J*m−3 which are improved by 124% and 216%, respectively, compared with the pristine chitosan. Moreover, the water permeability results show that the presence of graphene oxide slightly increases the water barrier properties, whereas the borate and cellulose nanocrystals significantly reduce the water vapor permeability of the polymer by about 50%. Thus, by modulating the content of the two reinforcing fillers, it is possible to obtain chitosan-based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and water barrier properties which can be potentially used in various applications such as food and electronic packaging.
Review of catalytic reforming of biomass pyrolysis oil for hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Chengbing 
Published: July 2022

After more than 20 years of development, biomass rapid pyrolysis technology has become technically mature. However, its main product biomass pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) has limited its application due to low energy density and poor thermal stability. Catalytic reforming is a workable way for bio-oil subsequent utilization to produce hydrogen. In this article, the research status and main research directions of bio-oil catalytic reforming for hydrogen production are summarized, with emphasis on CO2 adsorption-enhanced catalytic reforming for hydrogen production.
Cardiac Function Assessment in Fetuses With Ductus Arteriosus Constriction: A Two-Dimensional Echocardiography and FetalHQ Study
Authors: Ma Jing , Cao Haiyan , Hong Liu , Liu Juanjuan , Song Xiaoyan , Shi Jiawei , Zhang Yi , Cui Li , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFetal ductal constriction (DC) is associated with excessive polyphenol-rich food (PRF) consumption during pregnancy. However, the effect of this hemodynamic change on fetal cardiac function still needs to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cardiac function of fetuses with PRF-related DC and to describe serial observations of cardiac function changes.MethodsWe compared the traditional echocardiographic indices, including morphological, hemodynamic, and functional parameters, between study fetuses and controls. For global and segmental deformation analysis of the left and right ventricles, fetalHQ with the speckle-tracking technique was used to calculate sphericity index (SI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), fractional shortening (FS), fractional area change (FAC), etc. In addition, follow-up data were compared with the generalized linear model.ResultsA total of 60 DC fetuses and 60 gestational-matched controls were enrolled in our study, with 20 DC fetuses undertaking a follow-up echocardiogram after 2–3 weeks. Compared with controls, there was a distinct decrease in right ventricular GLS (RVGLS) (−13.39 ± 3.77 vs. −21.59 ± 2.51, p &lt; 0.001), RVFAC (22.20 ± 9.56 vs. 36.01 ± 4.84, p &lt; 0.001), left ventricular GLS (LVGLS) (−19.52 ± 3.24 vs. −23.81 ± 2.01 p &lt; 0.001), and LVFAC (39.64 ± 7.32 vs. 44.89 ± 4.91, p = 0.004). For 24-segment FS analysis, DC fetuses showed lower FS in left ventricular (LV) segments 18–24, with no difference in LV segments 1–17. Right ventricular (RV) FS in segments 4–23 was also reduced in the DC group. The 24-segment SI analysis indicated significantly lower SI in DC than those in controls for LV segments 1–14 and RV segments 19–24. We found that the pulsatility index (PI) of ductus arteriosus (DA) was an independent variable for RVGLS (β = −0.29, p = 0.04). In 20 DC fetuses with follow-up echocardiograms, no obvious difference in myocardial deformation was found between the initial examination and follow-up data.ConclusionLeft and right ventricular performances were both impaired in DC fetuses, along with a series of morphological and hemodynamic changes. Although the state of DA constriction improved on second examinations, cardiac function was not completely restored.
The incidence and risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central venous catheters in hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Puri Anju , Dai Haiyun , Giri Mohan , Wu Chengfei , Huang Huanhuan , Zhao Qinghua 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) can be fatal if not treated promptly, and individual studies have reported wide variability in rates of VTE associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC). We thus conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the overall incidence and risk of developing PICC-related VTE in hospitalized patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception until January 26, 2022. In studies with a non-comparison arm, the pooled incidence of PICC-related VTE was calculated. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated to assess the risk of VTE in the studies that compared PICC to the central venous catheter (CVC). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess methodological quality.ResultsA total of 75 articles (58 without a comparison arm and 17 with), including 109292 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled incidence of symptomatic VTE was 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1–4.4) in non-comparative studies. In the subgroup meta-analysis, the incidence of VTE was highest in patients who were in a critical care setting (10.6%; 95% CI: 5.0–17.7). Meta-analysis of comparative studies revealed that PICC was associated with a statistically significant increase in the odds of VTE events compared with CVC (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.83–3.37; P &lt; 0.01). However, in subgroup analysis stratified by the study design, there was no significant difference in VTE events between the PICC and CVC in randomized controlled trials (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 0.77–6.74; P = 0.13).ConclusionBest practice standards such as PICC tip verification and VTE prophylaxis can help reduce the incidence and risk of PICC-related VTE. The risk-benefit of inserting PICC should be carefully weighed, especially in critically ill patients. Cautious interpretation of our results is important owing to substantial heterogeneity among the studies included in this study.
Clinical epidemiology of venous thromboembolic disease: An institutional registry
Authors: AlSheef Mohammed , Alshammari Fouad Taiwilaa , Alhawish Mashel khalid , Alghamdi Abduljabar Ghazi , Alqudhybi Abdullah Fahad , Abu-Shaheen Amani 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health concern, with an annual incidence of ~1 in 1,000. The epidemiology of VTE in Saudi Arabia has not been adequately described yet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic methods, management, and clinical outcomes of patients with VTE.MethodsThis study was based on a VTE registry created over ten years at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All adult inpatients and outpatients referred to the thrombosis unit of the KFMC with clinically suspected VTE including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were enrolled. Data were collected using a standardized case report form, which included demographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic methods, management, and outcomes.ResultsA total of 1,008 patients were recruited. Most patients were women (73.2%), and more than half of all patients had unprovoked VTE (58%). Among the provoked cases, the most frequent cause was surgery (29.8%), followed by hospitalization (24.2%). There was a significant statistical association between provoked status and sex, family history of VTE, smoking, recent hospitalization within 3 months for a medical condition, the site of VTE, and underlying peripheral vascular disease and varicose veins (all p &lt; 0.05). The majority (88.3%) of patients with deep vein thrombosis was hospitalized for ≤3 days (n = 433, 79.9%), while fewer than half of the patients with PE needed hospitalization (45.3%). Thrombolytic therapy was administered to 14.1% (n = 142) of patients, and catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed in 1.0% (n = 10) of patients. The odds of mortality for provoked VTE were 3.20 times higher than those of unprovoked VTE [2.12–4.83; p-value &lt; 0.001].ConclusionUnprovoked VTE was more common than provoked VTE in the Saudi Arabian cohort, implying hereditary predisposition. Furthermore, male sex, family history of VTE, prior history of VTE, type of VTE, underlying obesity, history of trauma, surgery, hospitalization, pregnancy, and 3–6 months of anticoagulation therapy were the most critical risk factors for VTE recurrence. The treatment patterns and clinical results were comparable to those reported in the literature.
First-Trimester Sequential Screening for Preeclampsia Using Angiogenic Factors: Study Protocol for a Prospective, Multicenter, Real Clinical Setting Study
Authors: Trilla Cristina , Luna Cristina , De León Socorro Silvia , Rodriguez Leire , Ruiz-Romero Aina , Mora Brugués Josefina , Benítez Delgado Taysa , Fabre Marta , Martin Martínez Alicia , Ruiz-Martinez Sara , Llurba Elisa , Oros Daniel 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe incidence of preeclampsia (PE) is about 2–8%, making it one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and maternal mortality in the world. Early prophylactic low dose administration (150 mg) of acetylsalicylic acid is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of early-onset PE, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and neonatal mean stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Universal implementation of a first-trimester screening system including angiogenic and antiangiogenic markers [the Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) and/or soluble fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1)] has shown a prediction rate of 90% for early-onset PE but entails a high financial cost. The aim of this study is to determine the predictive and preventive capacity of a universal PE first-trimester two-step sequential screening model, determining the PlGF only in patients previously classified as intermediate risk by means of a multivariate model based on resources already used in the standard pregnancy control, in a real clinical setting. We hypothesize that this screening model will achieve similar diagnostic performance as the universal determination of PlGF but at a lower economic cost.Methods and AnalysisThis is a prospective, multicentric, cohort study in a real-world clinical setting. Every singleton pregnancy will be recruited at the routine first pregnancy visit. In a first step, the first-trimester risk of PE will be calculated using a multivariate Gaussian distribution model, based on medical history, mean blood pressure, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A), and Uterine Artery Doppler Pulsatility Index (UTPI). Patients will be classified into three risk groups for PE: (1) risk ≥ 1/50, high-risk with no further testing (blinded PlGF); (2) risk between 1/51 and 1/500, medium-risk requiring further testing; and (3) risk ≤ 1/501, low-risk with no further testing. In a second step, the PlGF will only be determined in those patients classified as intermediate risk after this first step, and then reclassified into high- or low-risk groups. Prophylactic administration of aspirin (150 mg/day) will be prescribed only in high risk patients. As a secondary objective, sFlt-1 values will be blindly determined in patients with high and intermediate risk to assess its potential performance in the screening for PE.Ethics and DisseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice. This study is approved by the Aragon Research Ethics Committee (CEICA) on 3 July 2020 (15/2020).Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04767438.