bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Insect Control, 1985
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Vates’ collards were transplanted 22 Apr, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 60 inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Applications were made using a C02 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 54 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plyac spreader-sticker was used with all treatments. Applications were made 21 May, 4, 18, 26 Jun, 3, 10, 17, 23, 30 Jul, 7, 13, and 20 Aug. Thiodan 3EC (1 qt/acre) for harlequin bug control was tank mixed with the Biobit and Dipel 4AF treatments made 18 Jun, and after. Visual estimates of foliar damage (defoliation by larvae and feeding damage of remaining foliage by harlequin bugs) were made 16, 27 May, 3, 10, 17, 24 Jun, 2, 8, 15, 22, 29 Jul, 6, 13, and 19 Aug.
European Corn Borer (ECB), Fall Army Worm (FAW), and Corn Earworm (CEW) Control on Sweetcorn, 1985
Authors: Ferro D. N. , Damicone J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted 19 Jun in So. Deerfield, MA in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Rows were 3 ft apart, 30 ft long, and plants were spaced 9 inches apart in the row with 4 rows per plot. The soil was a fine, sandy loam with a pH of 7.1. 750 lb x 10N:10P2O5:10K2O per acre was applied as a band at planting, followed by 450 lb/acre sidedressed on 30 Jul. Atrazine at 1 lb (AI)/acre and alachlor at lVa lb. (AI)/acre was applied on 25 Jun. Insecticides were applied using a tractor-drawn sprayer equipped with drop nozzles, at 60 psi and in 125 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied on 22 and 26 Aug, and 1 and 6 Sep. On 12 Sep, 25 ears were randomly selected and examined from each plot and the number of ears infested with larvae of each pest was recorded. Only ears with damage to kernels were recorded as damaged.
Whorl Applications to Control Fall Armyworm in Corn, 1986
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Silver Treat’ sweet com were planted 10 Jul into a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25-ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-inch band over the whorl; whorl sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance ·prayer with one nozzle centered over each of the middle 2 rows calibrated to deliver 24 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. All treatments were applied on 18 Aug. Twenty plant whorls were rated for fall armyworm damage on 22 Aug as follows: (0) no damage; (1) slight damage, up to 10% whorl feeding; (2) moderate damage, 10-25% whorl feeding; (3) heavy damage, 25-50% feeding damage; (4) severe damage, 50-75% whorl feeding, tassel damaged; and (5) whorl destroyed. Twenty whorls were removed from the plants, unrolled, and all live armyworm larvae were counted. On 29 Sep, 20 ears were harvested, weighed, and rated for ‘worm’ damage as follows: (1) clean ear, no damage; (2) tip-damage, less than 3.6 cm of visible damage from the tip; and (3) culls (damage greater than 3.6 cm from the tip or damage to the side and/or bottom of the ear).
Control of Fall Armyworm (FAW) by Aerial Applications of Liquid Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , Webb S. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One commercial field, located near Avon, NY, was used for this test. The field was divided into 4 sections and each section contained a subsection of 100 plants in the silking stage. On the silks of each of the 400 plants, 15 newly hatched FAW larvae were deposited on 3 Aug. On 5 Aug, each section was sprayed with 1 of 3 insecticides. Additional sprays of each insecticide were applied on 13 and 19 Aug. A spray of Penncap was substituted for the 19 Aug EPN spray because of PHI. A Grumman Air Cat, delivering 3 gal/acre, was used to apply the sprays. At harvest (29 Aug), 50 ears from each treatment were evaluated for damage.
Field and Greenhouse Trialss Control of The Gray Garden Slug On Sweet Corn, 1986
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse. Corn seed treated with 2 rates of Magnum and 1 untreated were planted into 5 inch plots on 23 Jun with 1 plant/pot and 10 pots/treatment (total of 120 pots). Three days later, just prior to plant emergence, 1 small slug was placed in each of 10 pots/treatment and allowed to feed for 72 h on plants as they emerged. A clear plastic and mesh cage was placed over each pot to prevent escape. Dried grass clippings were placed over the tops of the sown corn to provide protection and shade. Readings were taken at 48 and 72 h for numbers of dead slugs. Two days after emergence of corn, the procedure was repeated on new plants. Four · days and 6 days after corn emergence, the procedures were again repeated on new plants but with 2 slugs/plant.
Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn in Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Story R. N. , Lye B. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, Louisiana r Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University, St. Gabriel, LA to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides on fall armyworm on sweet corn.! Sweet corn of the cultivar ‘Jubilee’ was planted on 38-inch rows with a plant spacing of 12 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single row plots 10 ft in length. Pesticides with a liquid formulation were applied to the whorls with a hand-held C02 pressurized ·prayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single hollow cone spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Granular pesticides were applied by hand into the whorls. Treatments were applied on 11 and 25 Sep. A damage index was used to quantify fall armyworm damage. The number of holes &gt; 0.04 sq. inches present on each leaf above the ear (7-8 leaves) were counted on 5 plants in each treatment. The mean number of holes per leaf was calculated and served as an index of fall armyworm damage.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Eggplant, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Classic’ eggplant transplants were planted in 25 ft rows on 22 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 24 inches. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 13, 17, 24, 30 Jun; 8, 15, 22, 28 Jul; 5, 12, 20 and 26 Aug. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 22, 29 Jul; 5, 13, 18, 25 and 29 Aug from a 20-ft section of row.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1986
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 29-30 Apr at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID. Treatments were applied to 4 row plots, 17 ft long, separated by 3 ft borders of ‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting (IFAP), broadcast (BDCST), in a 10 inch band (BAND) to the soil in front of the closing disk, or sidedressed postemergence (SDPE) using a tractor-mounted Beline applicator and shanking the material into the side of the hill. The broadcast treatment was applied to the soil surface and rototilled in to a depth of 6-8 inches prior to planting. Telone II was injected 12 inches below the soil surface using a hand injector delivering 20 gal/acre 21 days prior to planting. Temik 15G at 2.0 and 3.0 lb (AI)/acre was sidedressed on 28 May. Plots were harvested 23 Sep. Wireworm damage was assessed at harvest by examining 25 tubers from each plot.
CPB Defoliation and Potato Yields with Temik, Five Foliar and One Biological Insecticide, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Wiersma John , Preston Duane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two sets of plots were established, one at Grand Forks, ND and one at Crookston, MN. The same 10 treatments were included at each location but randomization was changed. Individual plots were 4 rows X 30 ft in length with a 6 ft aisle between replications. The experimental design was a randomized complete block. Temik granules were applied at planting and foliars on the dates indicated. Non-threshold plots were treated 1 Jul. “Threshold” plots were not initially treated until 10% defoliation had occurred which was 10 Jul. All foliar treatments thereafter for threshold and non-threshold plots were applied the same day (19, 31 Jul and 14 Aug). All plots were treated 3 times with the fungicide Bravo 500. The % defoliation was estimated by 3 people and averaged. Yields were taken from the center two rows of each plot, graded #1 or #2, weighed and recorded. The yields at the two locations were averaged.
Potato Yields with Soil Systemic Plus Foliars and Foliars Alone, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Wiersma John , Preston Duane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two sets of plots on clay soils under dryland conditions (Grand Forks, ND, Crookston, MN) and one set on irrigated sand (Royalton, MN) were established for this trial. Individual plots were 4 rows × 30 ft in length replicated 4 times at each location and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block. Norchips were grown at Grand Forks and Crookston and Russet Burbanks at Royalton. Four foliar insecticide applications were made at each location on 1, 15 and 30 Jul and 15 Aug. Application was made with a hand held C02 sprayer using about 20 gal total material per acre applied at 40 psi. Three fungicide applications were made at each site and were separate from insecticide applications. Yields were taken from the two center rows of each plot and graded.
Foliar Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1985
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Red Lasota’ potatoes were planted 27 Feb, near Four Oaks, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 42 in centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Applications were made using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 80 gal/acre at 60 psi. Treatments were applied 9, 16, and 23 May. The “As Needed” treatment was applied on 9 and 23 May; this decision was based on the number of larvae present. Evaluations of foliar damage and larvae counts were made 9, 16, and 23 May. Potatoes were harvested and the yield recorded on 21 Jun.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae with Foliar Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 19 May, at the University of Minnesota Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, MN and the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association Research Farm, Grand Forks, ND. Research plots were of variable length with 36-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Pretreatment counts were made by counting all 2nd through 4th instar larvae on sufficient plants to yield a minimum of 200 larvae per replication. One insecticide spray was applied 30 Jun, with a C02 powered hand sprayer deUvering 36 gal of water/acre. Percent control was based on pretreatment counts for the first evaluation, and in comparison to the untreated control plots for the second evaluation.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1986
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 25 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 70 gal water per acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 7, 16, 28 May, and 4 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of CPB larvae and adults on 10 randomly chosen stems per treatment.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1985
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 6 Sep, 18 inches apart on 2.5 ft wide by 8 inches high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 24 Sep, 2, 8, 15, 22, 29 Oct, and 5 Nov with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 80-115 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On 6 Nov, the numbers of small (less than 0.5 inch in length) and large (0.5 inch or longer) leafemines were counted in a one minute visual search of each plot. The numbers of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (principally the southern armyworm, S. eridania (Cramer)) or stink bugs were determined in a single harvest taken on 11 Nov.
Control of Insect Pests of Alfalfa in Oklahoma, 1986
Authors: Doss Michael , Berberet Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chemical treatments were applied on 2 Mar in a dryland field of “Arc” alfalfa on the South Central Research Station at Chickasha, OK. Controls for the alfalfa weevil, blue alfalfa aphid and pea aphid were evaluated. Chemicals were applied using a tractor drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles and calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Temperature at the time of application ranged from 60-70°F and winds were less than 5 mph. Plots were 4 x 7 m and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Population densities of weevil larvae were determined from 25 stem samples taken/plot on each posttreatment sampling date. Larvae were extracted from foliage with Berlese funnels and counts were calculated as larvae/stem. Pretreatment counts indicated an infestation level of 3.3 larvae/stem. Aphids were sampled by clipping 10 stems/plot on each date and washing aphids into a container of alcohol for counting. Initial aphid populations were less than i/stem.
Control of Slugs in No-Till Alfalfa, 1986
Authors: Goh Kean S. , Specker Donald R. , Seaney Robert R. , Hatch Leon W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
No-till alfalfa plots were located at Barrett Farm, Etna, NY. On 5 May, the field was prepared by spraying glyphosate (2 qt/acre) on a 105 x 105 ft section of a 4 acre, 2 year-old mixed stand of alfalfa and timothy. On 28 May, the alfalfa was seeded at 13 lb/acre with a John Deere Power Til drill with 8-inch row spacing, and fertilized with 400 lb/acre of 0-18-36. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. An untreated buffer of 15 ft was maintained between every two plots. Each plot measured 8 X 20 ft and contained two holes, 4-inch dia X 6-inch deep, that were excavated with a golf-hole digger. Each hole was covered with a 1 ft-square asphalt shingle wrapped with aluminum foil. The reflective surface keep the hole cool, dark and moist, hence providing an ideal hiding place for slugs and serving as an efficient sampling method. Magnum 90% WP (thiodicarb) was applied as a seed treatment by evenly coating seeds with a water slurry of 8 oz (AIJ/100 lbs of alfalfa seed. Mesurol bait was prepared by coating cracked corn with the wettable powder (using soft drink as a sticking agent) and applied at 20 lb bait/acre. All molluscicidal baits were broadcast evenly by hand over each plot on 8 Jun.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Oklahoma, 1986
Authors: Karner Miles A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in 6-year-stand of ‘Vernal’ alfalfa in Greer County, OK. Plots were 15 X 60 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. A single application of 12 insecticides, at various rates, was made on 6 Mar ‘86. Insecticides were applied by ground rig equipped with 15 ft bloom calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Larval densities were determined 4, 7, 14 and 21-days post treatment by collecting 10 stems from each plot and extracting larvae with Berlese funnels.
Potato Leafhopper Control and Effect of Insecticides on Selected Predators and Parasites, 1986
Authors: Kinney Karl K. , Hunter Keith E. , Dazey Doyle M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 4-year-old stand of alfalfa located at the University of Illinois Horticulture Farm, Urbana, Champaign County, IL was used for this study. Insecticide treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom powered by a compressed air system calibrated to deliver 11 gpa at 40 psi. Treatments were applied to plots measuring 50 x 50 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The alfalfa was 12-16 inches tall when it was treated on 25 Jul, 2 weeks prior to the 3rd cutting. An average pretreatment count of 1.16 PLH/sweep was determined by taking 20 sweeps per plot with a 15 inch dia sweep net. All PLH counts included both adults and nymphs. No rain had fallen for 11 days prior to treatment; 0.1 inch was reported on 28 Jul and 0.42 inch was reported on 31 Jul. Wind was minimal during treatment and temperatures were normal.
Control of Alfalfa and Tarnished Plant Bugs in Birdsfoot Trefoil, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Elling Laddie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located at Badger and Roseau, MN in Roseau County. Plots were 25 ft × 50 ft, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made at the onset of bloom (14 Jun) using a ground sprayer with a 12 ft boom. Application pressure was 50 psi with hollowcone nozzles and 25 gal total material per acre. Plan: bug counts were taken from 20 pendulum sweeps per plot. Numbers of nymphs and adults were totaled without regard to age or species.
Field Corn, Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl Stage Field Corn, Conventional Tillage and No Tillage, 1986
Authors: All J.N. , All J.D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn was planted 11 Aug at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co., in Cecil coarse sandy loam soil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 2 row plots × 20 ft long × 38 inch row width × 3 ft alleys with 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 25 gal/acre directed into the whorls of seedlings. The test was sprayed twice, 19 and 26 days after planting. Plant damage ratings were made 48 and 61 days after planting using a 0 to 7 damage index of the following: 0, no damage; 1, slight leaf feeding, but no indication of bud damage; 2, moderate leaf feeding, but no bud damage; 3, heavy leaf feeding, and no bud damage; 4, slight to moderate feeding, and slight bud damage; 5, moderate to heavy leaf feeding damage, and moderate to heavy bud damage; 6, heavy leaf feeding, and severe bud damage; and 7, plant virtually destroyed.
Fficacy of Miticides Against Corn Spider Mites, 1986
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
#1: This experiment was conducted in Finney County, KS in a field of sprinkler irrigated corn. Twelve treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plots were 4 rows × 10 ft, 50 ft long, and surrounded by 10 ft borders of untreated corn. Prior to treatment application, 4 plants in each plot were selected from the center 2 rows and flagged. Treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer using a 10 ft boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (1 nozzle directly over the row and one on each side of the row on 18 inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa of water with 30 psi of CO2 pressure. Spider mite counts were made from the flagged plants by searching every other leaf (half plant sample) on each plant for large mites (primarily the adult females). Pretreatment counts were made on 23 Jul and 2 posttreatment counts were made on 8 and 14 Aug. Twospotted spider mites presence was determined by collecting 20 to 40 mites from the flagged plants using a small vacuum sampler and mounting them for microscopic determination of mite species.
Evaluation of Corn Rootworm Insecticide Application Methods, 1986
Authors: Calvin Dennis , Hoffman Lynn , McGahen Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three methods of applying corn rootworm insecticides were tested on a Hagerstown silt loam soil near Rocksprings, PA, during 1986. Two common soil insecticides were used in the test. Both insecticides were applied at planting, at cultivation, and side-dressed with nitrogen. A randomized complete block design with 6 replications of 9 treatments was used. Plots were 40 ft by 6 rows wide. The at-planting time applications were applied using a Max Emerge John Deere 70008 corn planter on 30 Apr. At cultivation treatments were applied on 23 Jun using a Noble8 granular applicator mounted on bicycle wheels. Both at planting and at cultivation applications were applied in 7-inch bands over the row. Liquid nitrogen (160 lb/acre) and liquid formulations of the insecticides were applied on 17 Jun using a tractor mounted liquid nitrogen applicator designed for small plots. The corn was planted no-till on 30 Apr in 30 inch rows at 27,000 plants per acre. In 1986, rainfall was minimal during the months of May and June. On 15 Jul, 5 corn plants were dug per plot and the roots rated for damage using the Iowa six category rating svstem (l = no damage; 6 = 3 nodes cut). Corn was harvested on 13 Nov and yield measured from the middle 3 rows of each plot. Corn yields were corrected to a 15.5% moisture content
Evaluation of Molluscicides for Slug Control, 1986
Authors: Calvin Dennis , Sammons Calvin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight molluscicide treatments were evaluated for slug efficacy on a Canfield silt loam soil in Lawrence Co., PA, during 1986. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 10 treatments was used. On 29 May a pretreatment damage assessment was taken and molluscicides were applied. Applications of liquid molluscicides were implemented using a backpack spray system adjusted to 30 psi and 26 gal/acre liquid output. Flat fan nozzles (LF4 80°) were directed over each row to apply the chemical in a 7-inch band. Granular and bait formulations were applied by hand using the shake method. Corn plants averaged 3 leaves (4 inches high) at the time of application. Much of the field was covered with volunteer rye from the previous year and heavy manure. The study field was bordered by a windbreak. Two pits, 4 inches in diameter by 6 inches deep, were dug in each plot using a golf course core. Each hole was then enclosed with a 6 × 6 inch roof shingle which was covered with aluminum foil to reflect the sun's heat and maintain a moist shelter for the slugs. The pits were checked for slugs 1, 3, and 7 days posttreatment. The number of slugs per hole was recorded. No measurable rainfall was recorded within two weeks prior to the application date. Approximately an inch of rain fell a few days after the 7 day posttreatment evaluation.