bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Type 1 Receptor Enhances Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Expression of Respiratory Chain Components via AMPK in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells and Primary Neurons
Authors: Naznin Farhana , Waise T. M. Zaved , Fernyhough Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImpairments in mitochondrial physiology play a role in the progression of multiple neurodegenerative conditions, including peripheral neuropathy in diabetes. Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (M1R) with specific/selective antagonists prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and reversed nerve degeneration in in vitro and in vivo models of peripheral neuropathy. Specifically, in type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes, inhibition of M1R using pirenzepine or muscarinic toxin 7 (MT7) induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and prevented sensory abnormalities and distal nerve fiber loss. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line has been extensively used as an in vitro model system to study mechanisms of neurodegeneration in DRG neurons and other neuronal sub-types. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pirenzepine or MT7 enhance AMPK activity and via this pathway augment mitochondrial function in SH-SY5Y cells. M1R expression was confirmed by utilizing a fluorescent dye, ATTO590-labeled MT7, that exhibits great specificity for this receptor. M1R antagonist treatment in SH-SY5Y culture increased AMPK phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein expression (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was augmented in pirenzepine and MT7 treated cultured SH-SY5Y cells and DRG neurons. Compound C or AMPK-specific siRNA suppressed pirenzepine or MT7-induced elevation of OXPHOS expression and MMP. Moreover, muscarinic antagonists induced hyperpolarization by activating the M-current and, thus, suppressed neuronal excitability. These results reveal that negative regulation of this M1R-dependent pathway could represent a potential therapeutic target to elevate AMPK activity, enhance mitochondrial function, suppress neuropathic pain, and enhance nerve repair in peripheral neuropathy.
Occurrence of cadmium in groundwater in China: a review
Authors: Hoareau Carol Emilly , Hadibarata Tony , Yılmaz Murat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
China has one of the world’s fastest-growing economies due to its increase in various industrial activities. A side effect of economic growth is severe environmental problems such as heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater. Anthropogenic activities are the main sources of cadmium which is highly mobile and toxic with the potential to bioaccumulate in the ecosystem. It can contaminate ground and river water consequently negatively impacting agriculture and water sources. Anthropogenic source of Cd concentrations in China is 0.002 mg/L in drinking water, 0.102 mg/kg in soil, and 0.23–0.96 mg/kg in paddy soil. Geological trends and health implications of cadmium contamination in Human, southern China were analyzed. Source, transportation, and various conventional remediation processes exist today and can be categorized as biological, physical, and chemical. Using nanoparticle technology, it has been found that adsorption capacities can be 3 to 4 times higher compared to using powdered activated carbon. From the experiment carried out, a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.86 mg/g for cadmium was obtained. Cadmium intake in south China populations occurred at an alarming rate and most children were at greater risk of being affected. Therefore, cadmium contamination should be taken seriously by the responsible authorities.
Identification of stromal microenvironment characteristics and key molecular mining in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ji Hongchen , Zhang Qiong , Wang Xiang-Xu , Li Junjie , Wang Xiaowen , Pan Wei , Zhang Zhuochao , Ma Ben , Zhang Hong-Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposePancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment affects the drug sensitivity and prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. This study constructed an 8-genes pancreatic ECM scoring (PECMS) model, to classify the ECM features of pancreatic cancer, analyze the impact of ECM features on survival and drug sensitivity, and mine key molecules that influence ECM features in pancreatic cancer.MethodsGSVA score calculation and clustering were performed in TCGA-PAAD patients. Lasso regression was used to construct the PECMS model. The association between PECMS and patient survival was analyzed and validated in the CPTAC-3 dataset of TCGA and our single-center retrospective cohort. The relationships between PECMS and features of the matrix microenvironment were analyzed. Finally, PECMS feature genes were screened and verified in pancreatic cancer specimens to select key genes associated with the ECM microenvironment.ResultThe survival of the PECMS-high group was significantly worse. The PECMS-high group showed higher oxidative stress levels, lower levels of antigen presentation- and MHC-I molecule-related pathways, and less immune effector cell infiltration. Data from IMvigor-210 cohort suggested that PECMS-low group patients were more sensitive to immune checkpoint blockers. The PECMS score was negatively correlated with chemotherapy drug sensitivity. The negative association of PECMS with survival and drug sensitivity was validated in our retrospective cohort. KLHL32 expression predicted lower oxidative stress level and more immune cells infiltrate in pancreatic cancer.ConclusionPECMS is an effective predictor of prognosis and drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer patients. KLHL32 may play an important role in the construction of ECM, and the mechanism is worth further study.
How Much “New” Public Is Too Much? The CJEU’s VG Bild-Kunst Judgment and Non-Exhaustive Control Over a Work’s Consumption
Authors: Oprysk Liliia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPursuant to the EU copyrightacquis, right holders enjoy broad control over the communication of a work to the public. Following theVG Bild-Kunstjudgment of the CJEU, right holders can rely on copyright to preclude framing of their otherwise freely available works on other websites. Circumventing technical measures placed by the right holders to prevent framing infringes their exclusive right of communicating works to the public. The judgment not only constrains secondary communication of a work, but also de facto places restrictions on the consumption of lawfully communicated works. The CJEU’s reasoning builds upon the expansive interpretation of the “new public” criterion coined in the precedingRenckhoffcase. This paper argues that relying on the new public criterion inVG Bild-Kunstconcealed the relevant circumstances of the case. Fundamental questions of the extent of the right holder’s exclusive control over authorized communication and the circumstances of a work’s consumption remained unexplored. It is concluded that revising the scope of application of the new public criterion is in order. Restricting the new public test to secondary communication and access to a work in its strict sense will expose the fundamental normative questions and the need to consider the underlying objectives of the copyrightacquis.
AVO study on a known geothermal reservoir located in the fractured carbonate formations of the pre-Cenozoic basement, Northwest Hungary
Authors: Masri Emad N. , Takács Ernő 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis has been successfully applied in the hydrocarbon industry for more than three decades. This effective tool of the joint seismic and well-log data processing enables to predict and analyze fluid saturated porous geological formations. AVO methodology is based on the anomalous behavior of the pre-stack reflected amplitudes observed from fluid bearing rocks. However, the potential of AVO methodology is still unexploited in geothermal exploration, although the lithology and rock physical properties are very similar. In this study, we summarize the theoretical backgrounds and calculate synthetic AVO responses of a known geothermal reservoir located in the fractured carbonates of the Mesozoic basement. We demonstrate that the AVO response of a deep geothermal reservoir can be quite different from the amplitude response observed from a hydrocarbon bearing clastic formation. AVO attributes of the investigated geothermal reservoir are presented, and the potential of its detection by seismic amplitude data are discussed.
The Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands
Authors: Carpentier Frank 
Published: August 2022

OverviewThe Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands (PAN) is an online system aimed at recording and documenting archaeological finds by the public. Since PAN launched in 2016, it has become an important data contributor to Dutch archaeology, amassing over 100,000 recorded finds. These data, mostly the result of metal detection, enable scholars to gain new insights and policy makers to make more informed decisions. This review describes the context in which PAN was established, along with its current structure and scope, before looking at its different components, including the underlying database and linked data reference collection. In a final section, the article briefly addresses some common issues inherent to public reporting programs and how PAN approaches these issues.
Three Conceptions of Law in Democratic Theory
Authors: Beckman Ludvig 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDemocratic theory tends to proceed on the assumption that law requires democratic legitimation because it is coercive. However, the claim that law requires democratic legitimation is distinct from claims about the nature of law. This paper takes issue with the notion that law is coercive by an exploration of three distinct understandings of the nature of law: the state-based conception of law, law as the rules of institutionalized normative systems, and law as social norms. Drawing on insights from legal and democratic theory, the paper defends the view that the ‘law’ to which democratic claims apply are the rules of conduct of institutionalized normative systems. Since rules that belong to such systems are found in associations beyond or below the level of the state, the scope of democratic participation is significantly wider than is usually recognized.
Changes in the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcomes of candidemia in Connecticut: A comparison between two periods using statewide surveillance
Authors: Gleason-Vergados Johanna R. , Clogher Paula , Meek James I. , Banach David B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing statewide surveillance, we describe candidemia in Connecticut during 1998–2000 and 2019. In 2019, candidemia was more frequently associated with community-onset and non-albicans Candida species and less frequently associated with central vascular catheters, recent surgery, and in-hospital mortality. Understanding changes in candidemia can optimize clinical management and prevention strategies.
FINITE GROUPS WITH ABNORMAL MINIMAL NONNILPOTENT SUBGROUPS
Authors: WANG ZHIGANG , CAI JINZHUAN , SAFONOVA INNA N. , SKIBA ALEXANDER N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe describe finite soluble nonnilpotent groups in which every minimal nonnilpotent subgroup is abnormal. We also show that if G is a nonsoluble finite group in which every minimal nonnilpotent subgroup is abnormal, then G is quasisimple and
$Z(G)$
is cyclic of order
$|Z(G)|\in \{1, 2, 3, 4\}$
.
Disrupted dynamic network reconfiguration of the executive and reward networks in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Wang Min , Zheng Hui , Zhou Weiran , Yang Bo , Wang Lingxiao , Chen Shuaiyu , Dong Guang-Heng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that people with internet gaming disorder (IGD) exhibit impaired executive control of gaming cravings; however, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. In addition, these conclusions were based on the hypothesis that brain networks are temporally static, neglecting dynamic changes in cognitive processes.MethodsResting-state fMRI data were collected from 402 subjects [162 subjects with IGD and 240 recreational game users (RGUs)]. The community structure (recruitment and integration) of the executive control network (ECN) and the basal ganglia network (BGN), which represents the reward network, of patients with IGD and RGUs were compared. Mediation effects among the different networks were analyzed.ResultsCompared to RGUs, subjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient within the right ECN. Further analysis showed that only male subjects had a lower recruitment coefficient. Mediation analysis showed that the integration coefficient of the right ECN mediated the relationship between the recruitment coefficients of both the right ECN and the BGN in RGUs.ConclusionsMale subjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient than RGUs, which impairing their impulse control. The mediation results suggest that top-down executive control of the ECN is absent in subjects with IGD. Together, these findings could explain why subjects with IGD exhibit impaired executive control of gaming cravings; these results have important therapeutic implications for developing effective interventions for IGD.
Investigating the Effect of Perceived Social Support on the Promotion of Earthquake-Related Awareness in Iranian High School Students
Authors: Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Peyravi Mahmoudreza , Khaledi Hassan , Saadatmand Vahid , Khaledi Farahnaz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction and Objective:Students are one of the groups in society that are always exposed to earthquake-related hazards. Perceived social support plays a major role in students’ self-efficacy to respond appropriately to earthquakes. Social support affects students’ beliefs about their abilities and enhances their performance during earthquakes. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived social support on the promotion of earthquake-related awareness amongst high school students.Methods:The present educational intervention with a randomized control group was conducted on 64 high school students in Lordegan, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group. Earthquake-related awareness index and perceived social support were completed by the two groups before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The intervention group received 120-minute educational intervention sessions once a week for four weeks. The data were entered into the SPSS 20 software and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Results:According to the results, educational intervention was effective in improving the perceived social support. The results also showed that increasing the perceived social support significantly improved the earthquake-related awareness among the high school students in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention (P <.001).Conclusion:The findings revealed that perceived social support played a major role in promoting earthquake-related awareness in the high school students. Due to the accuracy of the study, these results can be considered in future investigations.
Patch antenna with multi-cell EBG for RF energy harvesting applications
Authors: Venkata Sravya R. , Sankar Vinnakota Sarath , Kumari Runa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a ring patch antenna with 1 GHz of bandwidth and three resonances is designed for the RF energy harvesting application. Two complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) is etched out from the patch, designed at 6.8 GHz, near feed to enhance the bandwidth from 267 MHz to 1 GHz. Due to the introduction of CSRR, two additional resonances at 6.4 and 7.4 GHz are obtained with gain 5.5 and 0.2 dB respectively. The gains at 6.8 and 7.4 GHz are enhanced to 8.3 and 2 dB respectively by cascaded circular mushroom electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGs) with circular symmetry designed around the antenna. This ring patch antenna with cascaded EBG is integrated with a rectifier circuit based on voltage doubler topology (rectenna). The results of the rectenna show that, for an input power of 7 dBm to the rectifier circuit, a DC output voltage of 1.2 V with a power conversion efficiency of 40% is achieved.
Evapotranspiration Partitioning Based on Leaf and Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Yu Liuyang , Zhou Sha , Zhao Xining , Gao Xiaodong , Jiang Kongtao , Zhang Baoqing , Cheng Lei , Song Xiaolin , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPartitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) is essential for understanding the global hydrological cycle and improving water resource management. However, ecosystem‐level ET partitioning remains challenging. Here we proposed a novel ET partitioning method that uses the unified stomatal conductance model to estimate T:ET by calculating the ratio of the ecosystem water use efficiency (WUEeco) to leaf WUE (WUEleaf) using half‐hourly flux data. The WUEleaf values estimated by the unified stomatal conductance model agree with an independently measured ratio of hourly photosynthetic rate to T rate (R2 = 0.69). The sensitivity of T:ET to the key parameter g1 varied among different plant functional types (PFTs), but the T:ET variations for each PFT were all controlled within 20% when g1 altered within its 95% confidence interval. The mean annual T:ET was highest for evergreen broadleaf forests (0.63), followed by deciduous broad forests (0.62), grasslands (0.52), evergreen needleleaf forests (0.43) and woody savannas (0.40). C3 croplands had higher T:ET (0.65) than C4 croplands (0.48). Seasonal variations in T:ET varied across PFTs and the leaf area index explained about 50% of the variation in seasonal T:ET. Our method is not only consistent with other three EC‐based methods: Z16, N18, and L19 (R = 0.92, 0.94, and 0.68), but also shows high correlations to sap flow‐based T (R = 0.70) at three different forest sites. The method developed in this study provides a feasible and universal approach for ET partitioning of global EC sites, improving the understanding of ecosystem T characteristics across climates and PFTs.
Conservation Laws for Potential Vorticity in a Salty Ocean or Cloudy Atmosphere
Authors: Kooloth Parvathi , Smith Leslie M. , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the most important conservation laws in atmospheric and oceanic science is conservation of potential vorticity. The original derivation is approximately a century old, in the work of Rossby and Ertel, and it is related to the celebrated circulation theorems of Kelvin and Bjerknes. However, the laws apply to idealized fluids, and extensions to more realistic scenarios have been problematic. Here, these laws are extended to hold with additional fundamental complexities, including salinity in the ocean, or moisture and clouds in the atmosphere. In the absence of these additional complexities, it is known that potential vorticity is conserved following each fluid parcel; here, for a salty ocean or cloudy atmosphere, the general conserved quantity is potential vorticity integrated over certain pancake‐shaped volumes. Furthermore, the conservation laws are also related to a symmetry in the Lagrangian, which brings a connection to the symmetry‐conservation relationships seen in other areas of physics.
Hidden Roughness of Subducting Seafloor and Implications for Megathrust Seismogenesis: Example From Northern Manila Trench
Authors: Tan Huiwen , Gao Xiang , Wang Kelin , Gao Jinwei , He Jiangheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA smooth subducting seafloor usually leads to a smooth megathrust, which promotes great earthquakes. We present a case study at the northern Manila Trench to emphasize that the process depends also on sediment accretion and deformation. Here, a very rugged igneous basement is hidden beneath a smooth sediment cover on the incoming seafloor. Seismic imaging indicates that most of the sediment is scraped off at the trench, resulting in an uneven décollement interrupted by partially exposed subducted seamounts. New thermal models confirm the presence of large frictional heating, also consistent with a rough and strong megathrust. Our findings in conjunction with the low degree of megathrust locking reported in the literature are compatible with the notion of strong creep. Consequent implications to regional seismic and tsunami hazards call for further investigations, especially with new seafloor geodetic monitoring and improved paleoseismic studies.
Ionospheric Semidiurnal Lunitidal Perturbations During the 2021 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event: Latitudinal and Inter‐Hemispheric Variations in the American, Asian‐Australian, and African‐European Sectors
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Donghe , Sun Shuji , Hao Yongqiang , Xiao Zuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ionosphere exhibits enhanced semidiurnal lunitidal (M2) perturbations during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, of which the manifestation and mechanism are not well documented and understood. This paper studies the latitudinal and inter‐hemispheric variations of the ionospheric M2 perturbations during the 2021 major Arctic SSW with total electron content (TEC) data in the American, Asian‐Australian, and African‐European sectors. Results show that the M2 perturbations in the three sectors all enhanced during the SSW, with the strongest M2 perturbations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at about 10°∼15°N and 25°∼30°S geomagnetic latitudes, respectively. Also, clear M2 perturbations in the three sectors all extended to middle latitudes during the SSW only in the Southern Hemisphere. Comparatively, the inter‐hemispheric asymmetry of the magnitude of the M2 perturbations during the SSW was more complex. The inter‐hemispheric asymmetry of the crest locations of the low‐latitude M2 perturbations in the three sectors during the SSW was probably due to the F‐region meridional wind effect on the diffusion process of the low‐latitude plasma fountain. Meanwhile, the longitudinal differences were also obvious. The TEC M2 amplitude in the American sector was obviously larger than those in the Asian‐Australian and African‐European sectors during the SSW. The M2 characteristics in the southern middle latitude in the American sector were significantly different from those in the other two sectors during the SSW, which may be related to the differences of the combined effects of the local wind and geomagnetic configuration. In addition, a moderate geomagnetic activity occurred during the 2021 SSW, which brings difficulties to the analysis of the SSW‐related TEC variation.