bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated butterfly counting with vertex priority on bipartite graphs
Authors: Wang Kai , Lin Xuemin , Qin Lu , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBipartite graphs are of great importance in many real-world applications. Butterfly, which is a complete$$2 \times 2$$2×2biclique, plays a key role in bipartite graphs. In this paper, we investigate the problem of efficient counting the number of butterflies. The most advanced techniques are based on enumerating wedges which is the dominant cost of counting butterflies. Nevertheless, the existing algorithms cannot efficiently handle large-scale bipartite graphs. This becomes a bottleneck in large-scale applications. In this paper, instead of the existing layer-priority-based techniques, we propose a vertex-priority-based paradigm$${\mathsf {BFC}}$$BFC-$${\mathsf {VP}}$$VPto enumerate much fewer wedges; this leads to a significant improvement of the time complexity of the state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we present cache-aware strategies to further improve the time efficiency while theoretically retaining the time complexity of$${\mathsf {BFC}}$$BFC-$${\mathsf {VP}}$$VP. We also show that our proposed techniques can work efficiently in external and parallel contexts. Moreover, we study the butterfly counting problem on batch-dynamic graphs. Specifically, given a bipartite graphGand a batch-update of edgesB, we aim to maintain the number of butterflies inG. To tackle this problem, fast vertex-priority-based algorithms are proposed with optimizations for reducing the computation of existing wedges inG. Our extensive empirical studies demonstrate that the proposed techniques significantly outperform the baseline solutions on real datasets.
Shortened Fire Intervals Stimulate Carbon Losses from Heterotrophic Respiration and Reduce Understorey Plant Productivity in Boreal Forests
Authors: Shabaga Jason A. , Bracho Rosvel , Klockow Paul A. , Lucash Melissa S. , Vogel Jason G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFire frequency is increasing with climate warming in the boreal regions of interior Alaska, with short fire return intervals (< 50 years) becoming more common. Recent studies suggest these “reburns” will reduce the insulating surface organic layer (SOL) and seedbanks, inhibiting black spruce regeneration and increasing deciduous cover. These changes are projected to amplify soil warming, increasing mineral soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition rates, and impair re-establishment of understorey vegetation and the SOL. We examined how reburns changed soil temperature, heterotrophic soil respiration (RH), and understorey gross primary production (GPP), and related these to shifts in vegetation composition and SOL depths. Two distinct burn complexes previously covered by spruce were measured; both included areas burned 1x, 2x, and 3x over 60 years and mature (≈ 90 year old) spruce forests underlain by permafrost. A 2.7 °C increase in annual near-surface soil temperatures from 1x to 3x burns was correlated with a decrease in SOL depths and a 1.9 Mg C ha−1 increase in annual RH efflux. However, near-surface soil warming accounted for ≤ 23% of higher RH efflux; increases in deciduous overstorey vegetation and root biomass with reburning better correlated with RH than soil temperature. Reburning also warmed deeper soils and reduced the biomass and GPP of understory plants, lessening their potential to offset elevated RH and contribute to SOL development. This suggests that reburning led to losses of mineral SOC previously stored in permafrost due to warming soils and changes in vegetation composition, illustrating how burn frequency creates pathways for accelerated regional C loss.
Contribution of the Immune Response in the Ileum to the Development of Diarrhoea caused by Helminth Infection: Studies with the Sheep Model
Authors: Hassan Shamshad Ul , Chua Eng Guan , Kaur Parwinder , Paz Erwin A. , Tay Chin Yen , Greeff Johan C. , Liu Shimin , Martin Graeme B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal helminths are a global health issue, for humans as well as domestic animals. Most studies focus on the tissues that are infected with the parasite, but here we studied the ileum, a tissue that is rarely infected by helminths. We tested whether inflammation in the ileum contributes to the development and severity of diarrhoea, by comparing sheep that are susceptible (n = 4) or resistant (n = 4) to the disease. We analyzed the ileum transcriptome using RNASeq sequencing approach and various bioinformatics tools including FastQC, STAR, featureCounts, DESeq2, DAVID, clusterProfiler, Cytoscape (ClusterONE) and EnrichR. We identified 243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 118 were up-regulated and 125 were down-regulated DEGs in the diarrhoea-susceptible animals compared to the diarrhoea-resistant animals. The resulting DEGs were functionally enriched for biological processes, pathways and gene set enrichment analysis. The up-regulated DEGs suggested that an inflammatory immune response was coupled with genes involved in ‘Th2 immune response’ and ‘anti-inflammatory response’. The down-regulated DEGs were related to ion transport, muscle contraction and pathways preventing inflammation. We conclude that i) susceptibility to helminth-induced diarrhoea involves an inflammatory response at a non-infectious site; ii) down-regulation of pathways preventing inflammation can contribute to the severity of diarrhoea; and iii) genes involved in anti-inflammatory responses can reduce the inflammation and diarrhoea.
Stereotype threat in learning situations? An investigation among language minority students
Authors: König Sabrina , Stang-Rabrig Justine , Hannover Bettina , Zander Lysann , McElvany Nele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStereotype threat (ST) is a potential explanation for inequalities in language competencies observed between students from different language backgrounds. Language competencies are an important prerequisite for educational success, wherefore the significance for investigation arises. While ST effects on achievement are empirically well documented, little is known about whether ST also impairs learning. Thus, we investigated vocabulary learning in language minority elementary school students, also searching for potential moderators. In a pre-post design, 240 fourth-grade students in Germany who were on average 10 years old (MAge = 9.92, SD = 0.64; 49.8% female) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: implicit ST, explicit ST without threat removal before posttest, explicit ST with threat removal before posttest, and a control group. Results showed that learning difficult vocabulary from reading two narrative texts was unaffected by ST. Neither students’ identification with their culture of residence and culture of origin nor stereotyped domain of reading were moderators. The findings are discussed with regard to content and methodological aspects such that a motivation effect might have undermined a possible ST effect. Implications for future research include examining the question at what age children become susceptible to ST and whether students have internalized negative stereotypes about their own group, which could increase the likelihood of ST effects occurring.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye by highly stable visible-light-responsive Fe-based tri-composite photocatalysts
Authors: Mostafa Eman M. , Amdeha Enas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A novel visible-light-sensitive ZnVFeO4 photocatalyst has been fabricated by the precipitation method at different pH values for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) dye as a representative pollutant under visible light irradiation at neutral pH conditions. The structure and optical characteristics of the prepared photocatalysts were investigated by XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption–desorption, TEM, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of ZnVFeO4 photocatalysts superior the efficiency to be more than that of the mono and bi-metal oxides of iron and iron zinc oxides, respectively. The best sample, ZnVFeO4 at pH 3, significantly enhances the degradation rate under visible light to be 12.7 × 10−3 min−1 and can retain a stable photodegradation efficiency of 90.1% after five cycles. The effect of the catalyst dose and the initial dye concentration on the photodegradation process were studied. This promising behavior under visible light may be attributed to the low bandgap and the decreased electron–hole recombination rate of the ZnVFeO4 heterostructures. The scavenger experiment confirmed that the hydroxyl radicals induced the MG photodegradation process effectively. Hence, the ZnVFeO4 is a reliable visible-light-responsive heterostructure photocatalyst with excellent potential for the photodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment.
Wie offen sind „offene“ Online-Gemeinschaften? Inklusion, Exklusion und die Ambivalenz von Schließungen
Authors: Dobusch Laura , Dobusch Leonhard 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungNach anfänglichem Fokus auf die vermeintlich grenzenlose Offenheit des Internets sowie von onlinebasierten Gemeinschaften im Speziellen sind mittlerweile exkludierende Effekte von „offenen“ Online-Plattformen stärker ins Zentrum soziologischer Aufmerksamkeit gerückt. So zeigt sich auch in als dezidiert offen markierten Online-Gemeinschaften, wie im Bereich der Open-Source-Software oder im Kontext der Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia, ein Mangel an Diversität hinsichtlich der Beitragenden wie auch der Beiträge. Mithilfe einer konstitutiven Perspektive auf Offenheit und Geschlossenheit, die diese nicht als jeweilige Endpunkte eines Kontinuums betrachtet, sondern als sich wechselseitig bedingend, entwickelt dieser Beitrag eine Typologie von Offenheit-Geschlossenheit-Konfigurationen charakteristisch für „offene“ Online-Gemeinschaften. Im Ergebnis folgt daraus die Abkehr von der Annahme einer generalisierbaren Offenheit an sich, hin zu spezifischer Offenheit, die mit bestimmten Schließungen einhergeht oder auf diese sogar angewiesen ist.
Analysis of the correlations between insomnia and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Huang Ying , Fietze Ingo , Penzel Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study evaluates correlations between insomnia and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Methods
The internet-based International COVID-19 Sleep Study (ICOSS) questionnaire including sociodemographic questions as well as sleep- and emotion-related scales was distributed in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic from May 1 to September 30, 2020. Insomnia and mental state were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2), and visual analogue scale. Qualitative analyses of demographic characteristics were performed and correlation analyses of the variables calculated.

Results
A total of 1103 individuals participated and 858 valid questionnaires (70.61% females) were obtained. Mean age and body mass index were 41.97 ± 12.9 years and 26 ± 5.9 kg/m2, respectively. Most participants were married (n = 486, 56.6%), living in the city (n = 646, 75.3%), and white (n = 442, 51.5%). The prevalence of insomnia, anxiety, and depression was 19.5% (ISI > 7), 6.6% (GAD-2 > 3), and 4.8% (PHQ-2 > 3), respectively. Compared to the insomnia group, the mean and median ISI, PHQ‑4, PHQ‑2, and GAD‑2 scores of the non-insomnia group were lower, while their mean and median quality of life and quality of health scores were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the ISI and PHQ‑2 (r = 0.521, P < 0.001), GAD‑2 (r = 0.483, P < 0.001), and PHQ‑4 scores (r = 0.562, P < 0.001); however, the ISI score negatively correlated with the quality of life (r = −0.490, P < 0.001) and quality of health scores (r = −0.437, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Insomnia, anxiety, and depression were very prevalent during the pandemic. Anxiety and depression were more severe in the insomnia than in the non-insomnia group, and insomnia and mental health are closely related.
New insights into workplace chaplaincy
Authors: Wolf Tanja , Feldbauer-Durstmüller Birgit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWorkplace chaplaincy, a concrete manifestation of workplace spirituality, is defined as pastoral care serving the specific needs of people in workplaces. While scientific publications have so far emphasized its beneficial implications, scrutiny of the possible instrumentalization of workplace chaplaincy by the management has been neglected. Workplace chaplaincy can signify a real integration of spirituality implying a debate on the meaning of life and work, as well as a critical analysis of organizational structures and management (critical workplace spirituality). Just as well, it can be instrumentalized as a management technique to impel employees to achieve improved organizational results (positive workplace spirituality).This paper contributes to the management literature by elaborating decisive characteristics of a critical and positive workplace spirituality and discussing those characteristics that pertain to workplace chaplaincy. Furthermore, we provide a qualitative study on workplace chaplaincy illustrating a critical thought-provoking model facing different challenges, allegiances and logics in the secular working world. The elaborated characteristics and the qualitative study extend our understanding of workplace spirituality and chaplaincy as they provide a view beyond traditional management perspectives. Moreover, this paper contributes to the discussion what kind of spirituality and chaplaincy we are referring to in management theory and practice.
Lighting Up Neural Circuits by Viral Tracing
Authors: Qiu Liyao , Zhang Bin , Gao Zhihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeurons are highly interwoven to form intricate neural circuits that underlie the diverse functions of the brain. Dissecting the anatomical organization of neural circuits is key to deciphering how the brain processes information, produces thoughts, and instructs behaviors. Over the past decades, recombinant viral vectors have become the most commonly used tracing tools to define circuit architecture. In this review, we introduce the current categories of viral tools and their proper application in circuit tracing. We further discuss some advances in viral tracing strategy and prospective innovations of viral tools for future study.
Watershed delineation in South Bengal Ganges Delta Region of Bangladesh using satellite imagery and digital elevation model
Authors: Karmaker Sourav , Sheikh Shahjahan , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Nisha Rifat Sharmin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coastal Bangladesh has experienced large scale changes in erosion and deposition in the Meghna Estuary and the big islands due to the Ganges–Brahmaputra-Meghna stream background. Also, the coastal area is prone to natural disasters almost in every year which creates a change in the ground water level, increases the surface water infiltration, soil salinity, and flood level. Considering these facts of the coastal area of Bangladesh, watershed delineation can contribute to proper planning and management of watershed to mitigate the surface and groundwater problems. Therefore, in this paper GIS and remote sensing techniques were used to identify the exact water course using spatial data to know the current watershed condition of the South Ganges Delta Region of Bangladesh. Here, Hydrology Toolset was utilized to analyze and identify correct watershed flow direction, network density, and confluence thresholds using digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area. The well-known D8 algorithm deployed to calculate the stream flow from each cell to its downslope neighbor and 100–1500 thresholds to determine the flow directions and transform the streams into line features for watershed network density measurement. The results showed that the length and density of the networks were proportional to the threshold. In consequence, the density of the stream network increased dramatically with the soaring of thresholds. Therefore, the results also revealed that when the convergence threshold set to 900, the extracted stream network appeared the closest to the exact water flow in the research area. It showed various sharp flows of the stream network, their length and density, as well as the convergence threshold. The findings of this study can help to quantify the watershed basin and river flow watercourses that can contribute to plan and manage future flood forecasting method of the study region.
Cancer vaccines: past, present and future; a review article
Authors: Grimmett Eddie , Al-Share Bayan , Alkassab Mohamad Basem , Zhou Ryan Weng , Desai Advait , Rahim Mir Munir A. , Woldie Indryas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy and vaccines have revolutionized disease treatment and prevention. Vaccines against infectious diseases have been in use for several decades. In contrast, only few cancer vaccines have been approved for human use. These include preventative vaccines against infectious agents associated with cancers, and therapeutic vaccines used as immunotherapy agents to treat cancers. Challenges in developing cancer vaccines include heterogeneity within and between cancer types, screening and identification of appropriate tumour-specific antigens, and the choice of vaccine delivery platforms. Recent advances in all of these areas and the lessons learnt from COVID-19 vaccines have significantly boosted interest in cancer vaccines. Further advances in these areas are expected to facilitate development of effective novel cancer vaccines. In this review, we aim to discuss the past, the present, and the future of cancer vaccines.
lncRNA RP11-10A14.5: a potential prognosis biomarker for LUAD through regulation on proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Lin Zhijie , Feng Fenglan , Liang Jiaming , Zeng Haikang , Li Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLung cancer is the malignancy most commonly seen worldwide. Emerging evidences indicated that lncRNAs may serve as a prognosis marker and play important role in NSCLC tumor biology. In this work, we analyzed the prognosis value of RP11-10A14.5 using TCGA and GEPIA database and expression profiles using PCR and FISH assay. The biological roles of RP11-10A14.5 in cell growth and invasion were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Expression of RP11-10A14.5 is correlated with increased clinical stage and poor survival prognosis. In vitro experiments revealed that RP11-10A14.5 was widely expressed in lung cancer cell lines and mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and enhanced the growth, invasion and migration ability of NSCLC cell lines. Immunofluorescence assay suggested that RP11-10A14.5 may promote EMT by downregulating E-cadherin and upregulating N-cadherin and Vimentin. Flow cytometry results suggested that RP11-10A14.5 did not significantly affect cell cycle function, but could significantly inhibit apoptosis which may further enhance metastasis cell survival. In conclusion, RP11-10A14.5 is associated with clinical stage and poor survival outcome, may serve as a diagnosis and prognosis predictor for LUAD. Further, RP11-10A14.5 could promote LUAD cell growth and metastasis.
An Ever-Expanding Humanities Knowledge Graph: The Sphaera Corpus at the Intersection of Humanities, Data Management, and Machine Learning
Authors: El-Hajj Hassan , Zamani Maryam , Büttner Jochen , Martinetz Julius , Eberle Oliver , Shlomi Noga , Siebold Anna , Montavon Grégoire , Müller Klaus-Robert , Kantz Holger , Valleriani Matteo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Sphere project stands at the intersection of the humanities and information sciences. The project aims to better understand the evolution of knowledge in the early modern period by studying a collection of 359 textbook editions published between 1472 and 1650 which were used to teach geocentric cosmology and astronomy at European universities. The relatively large size of the corpus at hand presents a challenge for traditional historical approaches, but provides a great opportunity to explore such a large collection of historical data using computational approaches. In this paper, we present a review of the different computational approaches, used in this project over the period of the last three years, that led to a better understanding of the dynamics of knowledge transfer and transformation in the early modern period.
Soil compaction raises nitrous oxide emissions in managed agroecosystems. A review
Authors: Pulido-Moncada Mansonia , Petersen Søren O. , Munkholm Lars J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is the contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions with the highest warming global potential. It is widely recognised that traffic and animal-induced compaction can lead to an increased potential for N2O emissions by decreasing soil oxygen supply. The extent to which the spatial and temporal variability of N2O emissions can be explained by soil compaction is unclear. This review aims to comprehensively discuss soil compaction effects on N2O emissions, and to understand how compaction may promote N2O emission hotspots and hot moments. An impact factor of N2O emissions due to compaction was calculated for each selected study; compaction effects were evaluated separately for croplands, grasslands and forest lands. Topsoil compaction was found to increase N2O emissions by 1.3 to 42 times across sites and land uses. Large impact factors were especially reported for cropland and grassland soils when topsoil compaction—induced by field traffic and/or grazing—is combined with nitrogen input from fertiliser or urine. Little is known about the contribution of subsoil compaction to N2O emissions. Water-filled pore space is the most common water metric used to explain N2O emission variability, but gas diffusivity is a parameter with higher prediction potential. Microbial community composition may be less critical than the soil environment for N2O emissions, and there is a need for comprehensive studies on association between environmental drivers and soil compaction. Lack of knowledge about the interacting factors causing N2O accumulation in compacted soils, at different degrees of compactness and across different spatial scales, limits the identification of high-risk areas and development of efficient mitigation strategies. Soil compaction mitigation strategies that aim to loosen the soil and recover pore system functionality, in combination with other agricultural management practices to regulate N2O emission, should be evaluated for their effectiveness across different agro-climatic conditions and scales.
Agonisti del recettore del GLP1 e infiammazione: non solo compenso glicemico
Authors: Costanzo Gabriele , Frasca Francesco 
Published: May 2022

SommarioI farmaci agonisti del recettore del Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) sono ormai da diversi anni protagonisti nella gestione terapeutica del paziente affetto da diabete mellito tipo 2. Oltre alla significativa efficacia sull’omeostasi glicemica, alcuni membri di questa categoria di farmaci trovano inoltre indicazione nel trattamento dell’obesità. Ultimamente, le evidenze in letteratura hanno infine suggerito un ruolo protettivo sulla salute cardiovascolare, tanto che le più recenti linee guida italiane e internazionali promuovono il loro impiego nei soggetti diabetici ad alto rischio. Il possibile ruolo dei farmaci agonisti del GLP1R (GLP1RAs) sui meccanismi alla base dell’infiammazione cronica e la pressoché ubiquitaria distribuzione dei recettori per il GLP1 potrebbero, in realtà, spiegare l’enorme versatilità di questi farmaci.