bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity assessment of vaccine‐induced effects using point‐of‐care surrogate neutralization test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Matsuba Ikuro , Watanabe Karin , Kunishima Tomoyuki , Takechi Yukako , Takuma Tetsuo , Araki Yasushi , Hirotsu Nobuo , Sakai Hiroyuki , Oikawa Ritsuko , Danno Hiroki , Fukuda Masakazu , Futagami Seiji , Wada Kota , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Itoh Fumio , Oda Ichiro , Hatori Yutaka , Degawa Hisakazu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a global pandemic even after vaccination. We aimed to identify immunological heterogeneity over time in vaccinated healthcare workers using neutralization antibodies and neutralizing activity tests.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 214 healthcare workers before vaccination (pre) and on days 22, 90, and 180 after receiving the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine (day 0). Neutralization antibody (NAb, SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐RBD IgM/IgG) titers and two kinds of surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNTs) were analyzed (UMIN000043851).ResultsThe NAb (SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐RBD IgG) titer peaked on day 90 after vaccination (30,808.0 μg/ml ± 35,211; p < 0.0001) and declined on day 180 (11,678.0 μg/ml ± 33,770.0; p < 0.0001). The neutralizing activity also peaked on day 90 and declined with larger individual differences than those of IgG titer on day 180 (88.9% ± 15.0%, 64.8% ± 23.7%, p < 0.0001). We also found that the results of POCT‐sVNT (immunochromatography) were highly correlated with those of conventional sVNT (ELISA).ConclusionsNeutralizing activity is the gold standard for vaccine efficacy evaluation. Our results using conventional sVNT showed large individual differences in neutralizing activity reduction on day 180 (64.8% ± 23.7%), suggesting an association with the difference in vaccine efficacy. POCT‐sVNT is rapid and user‐friendly; it might be used for triage in homes, isolation facilities, and event venues without restrictions on the medical testing environment.
The impact of emergency remote learning on students in engineering and computer science in the United States: An analysis of four universities
Authors: Casper A. M. Aramati , Rambo‐Hernandez Karen E. , Park Seoyeon , Atadero Rebecca A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Spring 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic sent universities into emergency remote education. The pandemic has been disruptive but offers the opportunity to learn about ways to support students in other situations where abrupt changes to teaching and learning are necessary.Purpose/HypothesisWe described the responses of engineering and computer science students to a series of prompts about their experiences with remote learning.Design/MethodData about students' remote learning experiences were collected from undergraduate engineering and computer science students at four different universities through an end‐of‐semester survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and qualitative responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis through the lenses of master narrative theory and sociocultural theory.ResultsStudent responses revealed how their individual circumstances combined to reduce motivation, create home environments detrimental to completing schoolwork, and increase stress. Many students described the negative impacts of remote learning, but some students found positive aspects of the situation. The majority of students did not indicate a change in their desire or plans to pursue engineering or computer science majors.ConclusionsThere was wide variation in how students experienced the disruption to university learning during Spring 2020. Implications of this paper can help not only in cases where emergency remote learning is needed in the future but also as universities seek to return to “normal” operations in 2022 and beyond.
Evaluating old truths: Final adult size in holometabolous insects is set by the end of larval development
Authors: Hanna Lisa , Lamouret Tom , Poças Gonçalo M. , Mirth Christen K. , Moczek Armin P. , Nijhout Frederik H. , Abouheif Ehab 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor centuries, it has been understood that the final size of adult holometabolous insects is determined by the end of the larval stage, and that once they transform to adults, holometabolous insects do not grow. Despite this, no previous study has directly tested these “old truths” across holometabolous insects. Here, we demonstrate that final adult size is set at the end of the last larval stage in species representing each of the four orders of holometabolous insects: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera), the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera), the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera), and the Florida carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus (Hymenoptera). Furthermore, in both D. melanogaster and C. floridanus, we show that the size of adult individuals fluctuates but does not significantly change. Therefore, our study finally confirms these two basic assumptions in the biology of insects, which have for centuries served as the foundation for studies of insect growth, size, and allometry.
Reducing intergroup anxiety: Applying an imagined contact intervention with counselors‐in‐training
Authors: Malott Krista M. , Wahesh Edward , Moreton Amanda , Crawford Emily 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study assessed the impacts of an (elaborated) imagined contact intervention (eICI) with graduate‐level counseling students (N = 38) in a multicultural counseling course. Participant levels of intergroup anxiety were assessed, comparing those who completed an eICI versus those who did not. Intergroup anxiety decreased for both groups over time, albeit with a greater immediate reduction for those who received the ICI. Qualitative commentary suggests specific student learning from the activity.
Space flight and central nervous system: Friends or enemies? Challenges and opportunities for neuroscience and neuro‐oncology
Authors: Marfia Giovanni , Navone Stefania Elena , Guarnaccia Laura , Campanella Rolando , Locatelli Marco , Miozzo Monica , Perelli Pietro , Della Morte Giulio , Catamo Leonardo , Tondo Pietro , Campanella Carmelo , Lucertini Marco , Ciniglio Appiani Giuseppe , Landolfi Angelo , Garzia Emanuele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpace environment provides many challenges to pilots, astronauts, and space scientists, which are constantly subjected to unique conditions, including microgravity, radiations, hypoxic condition, absence of the day and night cycle, etc. These stressful stimuli have the potential to affect many human physiological systems, triggering physical and biological adaptive changes to re‐establish the homeostatic state. A particular concern regards the risks for the effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system (CNS), as several lines of evidence reported a great impact on neuroplasticity, cognitive functions, neurovestibular system, short‐term memory, cephalic fluid shift, reduction in motor function, and psychological disturbances, especially during long‐term missions. Aside these potential detrimental effects, the other side of the coin reflects the potential benefit of applicating space‐related conditions on Earth‐based life sciences, as cancer research. Here, we focused on examining the effect of real and simulated microgravity on CNS functions, both in humans and in cellular models, browsing the different techniques to experience or mime microgravity on‐ground. Increasing evidence demonstrate that cancer cells, and brain cancer cells in particular, are negatively affected by microgravity, in terms of alteration in cell morphology, proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, representing an advancing novel side of space‐based investigations. Overall, deeper understandings about the mechanisms by which space environment influences CNS and tumor biology may be promisingly translated into many clinical fields, ranging from aerospace medicine to neuroscience and oncology, representing an enormous pool of knowledge for the implementation of countermeasures and therapeutic applications.
Estimation of treatment effects in short‐term depression studies. An evaluation based on the ICH E9(R1) estimands framework
Authors: Mitroiu Marian , Teerenstra Steven , Oude Rengerink Katrien , Pétavy Frank , Roes Kit C. B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEstimands aim to incorporate intercurrent events in design, data collection and estimation of treatment effects in clinical trials. Our aim was to understand what estimands may correspond to efficacy analyses commonly employed in clinical trials conducted before publication of ICH E9(R1). We re‐analysed six clinical trials evaluating a new anti‐depression treatment. We selected the following analysis methods—ANCOVA on complete cases, following last observation carried forward (LOCF) imputation and following multiple imputation; mixed‐models for repeated measurements without imputation (MMRM), MMRM following LOCF imputation and following jump‐to‐reference imputation; and pattern‐mixture mixed models. We included a principal stratum analysis based on the predicted subset of the study population who would not discontinue due to adverse events or lack of efficacy. We translated each analysis into the implicitly targeted estimand, and formulated corresponding clinical questions. We could map six estimands to analysis methods. The same analysis method could be mapped to more than one estimand. The major difference between estimands was the strategy for intercurrent events, with other attributes mostly the same across mapped estimands. The quantitative differences in MADRS10 population‐level summaries between the estimands were 4–8 points. Not all six estimands had a clinically meaningful interpretation. Only a few analyses would target the same estimand, hence only few could be used as sensitivity analyses. The fact that an analysis could estimate different estimands emphasises the importance of prospectively defining the estimands targeting the primary objective of a trial. The fact that an estimand can be targeted by different analyses emphasises the importance of prespecifying precisely the estimator for the targeted estimand.
Multiple endotracheal metastases of combined small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Ono Hirotaka , Ando Masahiro , Kobayashi Miho , Igarashi Seiji , Tsuboi Eiyasu 
Published: June 2022

Key messageWe report a very rare case of combined small cell lung carcinoma (C‐SCLC) which presented as persistent cough and was due to endotracheal metastases. Clinicians should be aware of this unusual site of metastases from a C‐SCLC.
Precision forceps tracking and localisation using a Kalman filter for continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis
Authors: Lin Chuang , Zheng Yu , Guang Chenhan , Ma Ke , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) requires surgeons to manipulate fragile eye tissue at the microscale. The limited perceptual accuracy of surgeons makes it difficult to precisely position the forceps. Robot technology provides a feasible way to improve the performance of CCC.MethodsTo provide real‐time and high‐precision forceps position feedback to the robot, and extract the expert's operation trajectory for robotic autonomous or assisted capsulorhexis, this paper proposes a forceps tracking method based on Kalman filters to precisely position the forceps. By fusing the inertial sensor data and the visual observation data, the proposed method can obtain forceps depth information and decrease cumulative errors in the inertial sensor data.ResultsExperimental validation on an eye phantom is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed forceps tracking method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can track the forceps tip at an average processing speed of 62.8 frames per second, and locate the forceps tip with an acceptable accuracy (within 25 μm). Then, we use the proposed method to capture the operation trajectory of an expert for robot preoperative trajectory planning.ConclusionsThe evaluation experiments indicate that the proposed method can accurately locate the tool tip, and efficiently extract the expert's operation trajectory.
Recent Advances for Synthesis of Oxazole Heterocycles via C‐H/C‐N Bond Functionalization of Benzylamines
Authors: Kadu Vikas D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe five membered heteroaromatic oxazole motifs and their scaffolds exhibit significant pharmaceutical and biological applications. Remarkably, the high efficiency in the assembly of structurally diverse oxazole scaffolds via C(sp3)‐H functionalization of benzylamines have attracted synthetic organic chemists. In this review, the different synthetic strategies from benzylamines as a new emerging substrate via C−H/C−N bond functionalization towards oxazole synthesis are discussed in detail. Moreover, it highlights substrate scope along with the reaction mechanism involved during the reaction.
Missing Recipe in the Na‐B Bond in NaBH3–Cluster
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Sarmah Kangkan , Borah Ritam R. , Yashmin Farnaz , Mazumder Lakhya J. , Purkayastha Siddhartha K. , Das Kanwaki , Dutta Trisha , Guha Ankur K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe multifaceted little Na−B bond in NaBH3‐cluster has been the subject of many recent studies. Many proposals have been put forward for the complete understanding of the chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster. However, none of the studies provided a complete picture. Herein, the missing recipe of the chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster has been identified which completes the description. Our calculations reveal that the chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster is more multifaceted than ever thought. Our finding suggests that the NaBH3‐cluster features a Na−B one electron bond which is assisted by three 3‐centre‐2‐electron Na‐B−H bond. Detailed topological analyses of electron density and electron localization function at the correlated level reveal such a bonding situation. This missing 3‐centre‐2‐electron Na‐B−H bond completes the description of chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster which is at‐per with the well established bonding scenario for electron deficient compounds. Similar bonding scenario is observed in KBH3−, CuBH3‐and AuBH3−clusters, further lending support to the complete picture of bonding.
Tailored Hydrogel Delivering Niobium Carbide Boosts ROS‐Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Yujing , Cheng Guopan , Guo Jiahe , Du Shuang , Qiu Jinmei , Wang Cheng , Li Chengcheng , Yang Xiaofan , Chen Tongkai , Chen Zhenbing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe treatment of diabetic wounds remains challenging due to the excess levels of oxidative stress, vulnerability to bacterial infection, and persistent inflammation response during healing. The development of hydrogel wound dressings with ideal anti‐inflammation, antioxidant, and anti‐infective properties is an urgent clinical requirement. In the present study, an injectable thermosensitive niobium carbide (Nb2C)‐based hydrogel (Nb2C@Gel) with antioxidative and antimicrobial activity is developed to promote diabetic wound healing. The Nb2C@Gel system is composed of Nb2C and a PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA triblock copolymer. The fabricated Nb2C nanosheets (NSs) show good biocompatibility during in vitro cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility assays and in vivo toxicity assays. In vitro experiments show that Nb2C NSs can efficiently eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting cells in the wound from oxidative stress damage. Meanwhile, Nb2C NSs also exhibit good near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In vivo results demonstrate that Nb2C@Gel promotes wound healing by attenuating ROS levels, reducing oxidative damage, eradicating bacterial infection under NIR irradiation, and accelerating angiogenesis. To summarize, the Nb2C@Gel system, with its ROS‐scavenging, photothermal antimicrobial and hemostatic activities, can be a promising and effective strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Magnetic Interacted Interaction Effect in MXene Skeleton: Enhanced Thermal‐Generation for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Huang Mengqiu , Wang Lei , Li Xiao , Wu Zhengchen , Zhao Biao , Pei Ke , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xuefeng , Che Renchao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the rapid advancements of portable and wearable equipment, high‐efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are highly entailed to eliminate radiated electromagnetic pollution. Herein, by assembling hexagonal SrFe12O19 flakes into a Ti3C2Tx MXene/MWCNT substrate, a magnetized Ti3C2Tx‐based film is successfully fabricated by a facile filtration approach. Carbon nanotubes are used as isolation agents to realize the submicroscopic dispersion of MXene and SrFe12O19. The obtained MXene/MWCNTs/SrFe12O19 film shows a high electrical conductivity of 438 S cm−1 and an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 62.9 dB in X‐band at a thickness of only 40 µm. Benefiting from a strong magnetic response ability and an expanded magnetic coupling space, hexagonal SrFe12O19 sheets can efficiently consume incident magnetic field energy by domain wall migration and the ferromagnetic resonance effect. Boosted EMI shielding performance can be achieved by improving the magnetic loss in the Ti3C2Tx MXene/MWCNTs/SrFe12O19 film, preventing the secondary reflection of electromagnetic waves. Meanwhile, magnetized MXene‐based films display the freestanding and flexible features and are suitable for installation in electric devices. It is anticipated that this strategy offers new ideas for designing EMI shielding films and in broadening potential utility of MXene‐based materials.
A Heat‐Liquefiable Solid Precursor for Ambient Growth of Perovskites with High Tunability, Performance and Stability
Authors: He Yi , Lin Zedong , Wang Jian , Zhang Kai , Xu Xiuwen , Li Yu , Huang Xianzhen , Ma Tingli , Xiao Shuang , Yang Shihe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites are intensively studied for applications in optoelectronic devices because of their outstanding properties and relatively low cost. However, the common precursor solutions for perovskite fabrication are rather unstable in the presence of moisture and oxygen, limiting the large‐scale low‐cost production of perovskite. Herein, water is used counterintuitively to formulate an ambient stable perovskite precursor, which is peculiar in that it is solid at room temperature but becomes a liquid at 75 °C. The non‐fluidity of the precursor stemmed from the water‐assisted intermediate fiber assembly, conferring high damp air stability. Yet the heat‐liquefiability made the precursor highly processible for perovskite growth, and when guided by polyvinyl pyrrolidone coordination with Pb2+, the perovskite can preferentially grow along the [200] direction, significantly improving the film quality. To demonstrate the utility of the precursor, it has been used to fabricate self‐driven halide perovskite photodetectors, which exhibited a low noise current of 2.0 × 10−14 A Hz−1/2, a high specific detectivity up to 1.4 × 1013 Jones, and high stability of 20 days of operation with only < 5% external quantum efficiency decay. This type of solid‐liquid convertible precursor opens up new opportunities for wider applications of perovskites.
Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Brückenseilen und deren Endverbindungen
Authors: Novak Gregor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDie zerstörungsfreie Seilprüfung mittels magnetinduktiver Prüfung ist bei Seilbahnen und Schachtförderanlagen seit Jahrzehnten gängige Praxis, welche auch in Vorschriften und Normen Einzug gehalten hat. Dieses Prüfverfahren wird auch vermehrt bei seilabgespannten Brücken sowie bei mit Litzenbündeln ausgeführten Brücken angewendet und bei den Hauptprüfungen gefordert. Herausforderungen bestehen hierbei v. a. bei aufwendig gestalteten Seilkonstruktionen, bei denen nur bedingt die Prüfungen durchgeführt bzw. bei denen die wichtigen Bereiche (z. B. Klemmenbereiche) nicht begutachtet werden können. Des Weiteren werden vermehrt Ultraschallprüfungen bei vergossenen Seilendverbindungen zur Detektion von Drahtbrüchen u. Ä. gefordert, obwohl die verfügbaren Messverfahren für diese Art der Prüfung nicht ausreichend erforscht bzw. entwickelt sind. Neben diesen zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen kann auch die softwaregestützte visuelle Seilkontrolle durchgeführt werden. Diese kann helfen, Oberflächendefekte wie fehlenden Korrosionsschutz oder durch Blitzschläge oder in der Nähe unsachgemäß durchgeführte Schweißarbeiten verursachte Verschweißungen von Drähten zu detektieren. Die genannten Prüfverfahren werden in diesem Beitrag näher vorgestellt und deren Vorteile und Verbesserungspotenziale aufgezeigt. Weiter werden generelle Angaben zu Seilprüfungen und Inspektionen gemacht.
Towards ruling out the charged Higgs interpretation of the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ anomaly
Authors: Blanke Monika , Iguro Syuhei , Zhang Hantian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the notorious anomaly in the lepton flavor universality ratios $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

, we study the sensitivity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to a low-mass charged Higgs boson H− lighter than 400 GeV in a generic two Higgs doublet model. A combination of current constraints from the Bc→ τν decay, Bs meson mixing data, tau sleptons and di-jet searches at the LHC allows to explain the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomaly at the 1σ level by a low-mass charged Higgs. In this context, we estimate the reach of an LHC search for resonant H− production, where the final state contains an energetic τ lepton decaying hadronically, a neutrino with large transverse momentum, and an additional b-jet (pp → b + τh + ν). Requiring the additional b-tagged jet in the τν resonance search profits from the suppression of the Standard Model background, and therefore it allows us to judge the low-mass H− interpretation of the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomaly. To demonstrate this, we perform a fast collider simulation for the τν resonance search with an additional b-tagged jet, and find that most of the interesting parameter region of the whole mass range can already be probed with the current integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1.
Impact of severe necrotizing fasciitis on quality of life in the Netherlands
Authors: van Stigt Sander F. L. , Schrooten Tim K. J. , Knubben Merel , Tan Edward C. T. H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe soft-tissue infection which can leave survivors with big and multiple disfiguring alterations to their bodies, which can negatively affect the lives of patients by causing functional limitations and altered self-perception. In this study we aim to find if NF affect (self-reported) quality of life (QoL) in patients surviving NF.

Methods
All patients with (histopathological or surgical confirmed) NF who were admitted to the intensive care unit for 24 h or more between January 2003 and December 2017 in five hospitals from the Nijmegen teaching region were included. Quality of life was measured with the SF-36 and WHOQol-BREF. These results were compared to reference populations from the Netherlands and a Australian reference population.

Results
44 out of 60 patients (73.3%) who were contacted returned the surveys and were eligible for analysis. These patients showed lowered levels of quality of life on multiple domains of the SF-36: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, vitality and general health. The physical domain of the WHOQol-BREF showed also significant lowered levels of quality of life.

Conclusion
NF is a severe illness with a high morbidity and mortality rate. This study shows that patients who do survive NF have decreased (self-reported) quality of life in multiple domains with a focus on decreased physical functioning. During and after admission realistic expectations should be discussed and there should be more attention to signs of permanent disability. That way extra support by a physiotherapist or social worker can be provided.