bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes during immobilization stress
Authors: Kadhim Hakeem J. , Kuenzel Wayne J. 
Published: October 2022

The location of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRH-R2) on thyrotropes within the avian anterior pituitary (APit) and its activation by different stressors indicate a possible communication between hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and thyroid (HPT) axes. Therefore, an experiment was designed to 1) compare the timing of major components of the HPT axis to those of the HPA axis; 2) address whether stressors activating the HPA axis may simultaneously upregulate components of the HPT axis. Blood, brain, and APit were sampled from chicks prior to stress (control) and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following immobilization (IM) stress. The nucleus of the hippocampal commissure (NHpC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were cryo-dissected from brains for RT-qPCR. Gene expression of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its receptors (TRH-R1 and TRH-R3), urocortin3 (UCN3), deiodinase 2 (D2), and the second type of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH2) within the NHpC and PVN was measured. Additionally, gene expression of TRH receptors, thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta (TSHβ), and D2 was determined in the APit and corticosterone assayed in blood. In brains, a significant upregulation in examined genes occurred at different times of IM. Specifically, UCN3 and CRH2 which have a high affinity to CRH-R2 showed a rapid increase in their mRNA levels that were accompanied by an early upregulation of TRHR1 in the NHpC. In the APit, a significant increase in gene expression of TSHβ and TRH receptors was observed. Therefore, results supported concurrent activation of major brain and APit genes associated with the HPA and HPT axes following IM. The initial neural gene expression originating within the NHpC resulted in the increase of TSHβ mRNA in the APit. Specifically, the rapid upregulation of UCN3 in the NHpC appeared responsible for the early activation of TSHβ in the APit. While sustaining TSHβ activation appeared to be due to both CRH2 and TRH. Therefore, data indicate that CRH-producing neurons and corticotropes as well as CRH- and TRH-producing neurons and thyrotropes are activated to produce the necessary energy required to maintain homeostasis in birds undergoing stress. Overall, data support the inclusion of the NHpC in the classical avian HPA axis and for the first time show the concurrent activation of the HPA axis and components of the HPT axis following a psychogenic stressor.
Improved YOLOv4 recognition algorithm for pitaya based on coordinate attention and combinational convolution
Authors: Zhang Fu , Cao Weihua , Wang Shunqing , Cui Xiahua , Yang Ning , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Xiaodong , Fu Sanling 
Published: October 2022

Accurate recognition method of pitaya in natural environment provides technical support for automatic picking. Aiming at the intricate spatial position relationship between pitaya fruits and branches, a pitaya recognition method based on improved YOLOv4 was proposed. GhostNet feature extraction network was used instead of CSPDarkNet53 as the backbone network of YOLOv4. A structure of generating a large number of feature maps through a small amount of calculation was used, and the redundant information in feature layer was obtained with lower computational cost, which can reduce the number of parameters and computation of the model. Coordinate attention was introduced to enhance the extraction of fine-grained feature of targets. An improved combinational convolution module was designed to save computing power and prevent the loss of effective features and improve the recognition accuracy. The Ghost Module was referenced in Yolo Head to improve computing speed and reduce delay. Precision, Recall, F1, AP, detection speed and weight size were selected as performance evaluation indexes of recognition model. 8800 images of pitaya fruit in different environments were used as the dataset, which were randomly divided into the training set, the validation set and the test set according to the ratio of 7:1:2. The research results show that the recognition accuracy of the improved YOLOv4 model for pitaya fruit is 99.23%. Recall, F1 and AP are 95.10%, 98% and 98.94%, respectively. The detection speed is 37.2 frames·s-1, and the weight size is 59.4MB. The improved YOLOv4 recognition algorithm can meet the requirements for the accuracy and the speed of pitaya fruit recognition in natural environment, which will ensure the rapid and accurate operation of the picking robot.
Research on the correlation of immunity in patients with chronic insomnia
Authors: Nie Li , Pan Xian-li , Zhang Xiao-bao , Zhang Shan , Rao Ji-Xian , Su Zeng-feng 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo investigate the changes in immunity and clinical infection events among patients with chronic insomnia.Materials and methodsForty-two patients with chronic insomnia (age = 64.44 ± 10.53) and 47 normal controls (age = 67.08 ± 7.822) were selected to determine differences in data, such as complete blood counts (CBCs), biochemical indices, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin (Ig), complement C3 and C4 and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as to compare the incidence of clinical infection between the two groups.ResultsThere were significant differences in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, globulin, creatinine, IgG, IgG/IgM ratio, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD19-lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, CD19/CD3 ratio, and clinical infection events between the chronic insomnia group and the control group (p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts; lymphocyte subsets CD8+ T and CD56+; platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR); neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); complement C3; complement C4; IgM; IgA; and IL-6 between the experimental group and their controls (p &gt; 0.05). The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the chronic insomnia group did not vary widely from those of the controls (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionPatients with chronic insomnia have immunological abnormalities, characterized by a higher incidence of clinical infection.
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hollmann Karsten , Hohnecker Carolin S. , Haigis Anna , Alt Annika K. , Kühnhausen Jan , Pascher Anja , Wörz Ursula , App Rehan , Lautenbacher Heinrich , Renner Tobias J. , Conzelmann Annette 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in childhood and adolescence often leads to significant impairment in various areas of life and has a high risk of becoming chronic. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended first-line treatment, but it is too rarely implemented in accordance with guidelines and is often not available close to the patient’s home. Importantly, internet-based CBT could help to reduce this gap in care. Having previously successfully demonstrated the feasibility of an internet-based CBT approach, we aimed to assess its effectiveness in a waiting list controlled randomized trial.MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 6–18 years with a principal diagnosis of OCD received 14 sessions of therapist-delivered CBT via videoconference distributed over 16 weeks. After inclusion, participants were randomly assigned to either the treatment or waiting list group. Participants in the treatment group began treatment immediately after baseline diagnostics, and participants in the waiting list group began treatment after a 16-week waiting period. The primary outcome was a pre-post comparison of OCD symptoms as measured with the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Additionally, remission was an important outcome measure. Follow-up assessments were conducted for all measures 16 and 32 weeks after completion of treatment.ResultsA total of 60 children and adolescents were included into the analyses. Over the course of the treatment, OCD symptoms according to the CY-BOCS significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the waiting-list control group. Cohen’s d between groups was 1.63. After the patients in the waiting list group also received the treatment, the OCD symptoms decreased significantly in this group as well. This improvement of symptoms increased over the course of the follow-up assessments. Remission rate peaked at the 32-week follow-up, with 68% in the treatment group and 79% in the waiting list group. Importantly, patient satisfaction with treatment was high to very high.ConclusionIn our study, OCD symptoms decreased significantly and remission rate was high after internet-based CBT. Those effects were comparable to those found in studies of face-to-face treatment. Although further evidence is needed, these are early indications that our approach may be a viable way to provide access to adequate treatment for children and adolescents affected by OCD.Clinical trial registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05037344].
Profiles in conspiracism: Associations with two psychiatric syndromes, religiosity and pandemic-related health behaviors
Authors: Minzenberg Michael J. , Yoon Jong H. 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionConspiratorial beliefs are often maladaptive for individuals and dangerous for societies. Other prevalent belief systems such as (normative) religious belief and (pathological) delusional belief show parallels to conspiratorial beliefs, which may also be linked to excessive social media exposure. We conducted an online survey to characterize heterogeneous profiles of conspiracy-mindedness, with respect to these other phenomena.MethodsEight hundred and thirty six American adults from online panels completed validated questionnaires including the Conspiracy Mindedness Questionnaire (CMQ), Centrality of Religion Scale (CRS), Peters Delusion Inventory (PDI; 21-item version), and Facebook Addiction Scale (FAS). Additionally, they completed 4 questions addressing categorical belief in the origin of SARS-CoV-2, and pandemic-related health behaviors. Total scores on each questionnaire wereZ-transformed and entered into K-means cluster analysis. Cluster membership was used inpost-hocanalyses to compare pandemic-related items.ResultsAn optimal solution included 3 clusters with above-mean (high) CMQ and 3 below-mean (low) CMQ scores. The 3 high-CMQ clusters included: (1) high-religion, low-social media addiction; (2) high religion, social media addiction and delusion; (3) low religion and delusion. High-CMQ clusters 1 and 2 each had rates of zoonotic and malevolent viral origin beliefs that were relatively lower and higher than the grand sample rates, respectively. Significant differences in intended pandemic health-related behaviors among the high-CMQ clusters (compared to the rest of the sample) included Cluster 1—high on Precautions and low on Vaccination; Cluster 2—high on Testing. Respondents who endorsed SARS-CoV-2 origin beliefs (across clusters) that were least plausible and most malevolent were least inclined to engage in pandemic health behaviors.ConclusionsDistinct subpopulations of persons with high conspiracy-mindedness exist, which are highly heterogeneous in their other coexisting beliefs and behaviors. Some of these may be pathological, such as delusional belief and social media addiction-like behavior, and they have varied associations with pandemic-related belief and behavior. These results, while cross-sectional, suggest that the psychological origins and consequences of conspiratorial beliefs may not be unitary. Instead, conspiratorial belief may be a common expression of diverse psychological and social/experiential factors, and in turn exert varied influence on decisions and overt behavior.
Characteristics of a pre-monsoon dryline atmospheric boundary layer over the rain shadow region: A case study
Authors: Solanki Raman , Malap Neelam , Gayatri K. , Rao Y. Jaya , Prabhakaran Thara 
Published: October 2022

A dryline is the zone of distinct moisture gradient separating warm, moist, and hot, dry air masses. It is usually associated with mesoscale phenomena and plays a significant role in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) dynamics including initiation of convection/thunderstorms. In the tropical Indian region, these dryline conditions are normally associated with the pre-monsoon season. In the present study, dryline characteristics over a rain shadow region in the Indian subcontinent were investigated utilizing observations and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model from 28 to 30 May 2019. Based upon Wind Profiler Radar and MicroWave Radiometer Profiler measurements, the ABL characteristics were investigated. Interestingly, the ABL height was found to evolve up to 5 km with the horizontal wind vectors oscillating between north-westerly and north-easterly flow. During the intense ABL deepening, stronger downdraft cores were observed in comparison with the updraft cores. The stronger downdrafts entrained free-tropospheric dry air thereby further deepening the ABL. Based upon the entrainment velocity estimates at the ABL top and the variations in potential temperature, the dynamic entrainment fluxes were estimated and further implemented for evaluating two slab models to recreate the ABL growth. With this analysis, we demonstrate the significant contribution of entrainment fluxes on ABL growth during dryline conditions.
A retrospective study of ultrasound-guided intervention for frozen shoulder in the frozen stage
Authors: Guan Haitao , Wu Qinfeng , Zhou Yuan , Fan Xing , Zheng Kun , Si Tong , Zhao Jinli 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTo investigate the clinical value of ultrasound (US)-guided intervention for frozen shoulder (FS) in the frozen stage.MethodsThis study included 40 patients who had primary FS in the frozen stage and were evaluated by US. These 40 patients have all received conservative treatment elsewhere, and no satisfactory results have been achieved, with no improvement in active and passive movement angles, and no improvement in scores within 3 months. Therefore, their previous treatment was set as comparison. All patients underwent US-guided shoulder joint capsule distension by injection of sterilized water. Of these participants, 22 patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis received a compound betamethasone injection, and 14 patients with thickened coracohumeral ligaments (CHLs) underwent acupotomy lysis, and the remaining 4 patients had no extra treatments. The Constant-Murley score (CMS) was evaluated before and after the operation and analysed for each patient.ResultsBefore treatment, the indices for the thickening of the subaxillary joint capsule, subacromial bursa (with or without effusion), long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBBT) and CHL were 40, 22, 16 and 14, respectively. After treatment, all the indices were significantly decreased (all P &lt; 0.010) except for that of the LHBBT (P = 0.123). The patients' CMSs improved, with the median total CMS increasing from 59 points (interquartile range: 53–64 points) to 86 points (interquartile range: 78–90 points) (P &lt; 0.010). While the internal rotation (Ir) of the shoulder joint did not improve (FDRs &lt; 0.50), abduction, forward flexion (Ff) and external rotation (Er) improved significantly (all FDRs = 1.00).ConclusionCompared with conservative treatment, US-guided intervention for FS in the frozen stage is highly effective and of great clinical value.
Assessment of risk factors in dogs with presumptive advanced canine cognitive dysfunction
Authors: MacQuiddy Brittany , Moreno Julie A. , Kusick Breonna , McGrath Stephanie 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors involved in the development of presumptive advanced canine cognitive dysfunction (pACCD).Materials and methodsA questionnaire was developed to identify dogs with presumptive canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) based on an adapted Canine Dementia Scale and to evaluate for potential risk factors among the presumptive advanced cognitive dysfunction group. The questionnaire was distributed to 7,574 owners of dogs (≥8 years of age) who presented to the CSU VTH between 2017 and 2020. Dogs were classified into four groups based on the Canine Dementia Scale score (normal, mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment) and two subgroups for the cognitively impaired groups based on the presence or absence of underlying medical conditions. Comparisons between normal and presumptive advanced cognitively impaired groups, with and without underlying medical conditions, were made against various risk factors. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to determine associations between categorical variables and a p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered indicative of evidence of association.ResultsThe completed response rate for the questionnaire was 14.2% (1,079/7,574). Among those, 231 dogs were classified as having presumptive advanced cognitive dysfunction. The prevalence of presumptive advanced cognitive dysfunction in the included age groups was 8.1% in ages 8 to &lt;11 years, 18.8% in ages 11 to &lt;13 years, 45.3% in ages 13 to &lt;15 years, 67.3% in ages 15 to &lt;17 years, and 80% in ages &gt;17 years. Dogs with a thin body condition score had the largest contribution to the chi-square statistic. Based on the logistic regression model, both age (p &lt; 0.001) and BCS (p = 0.0057) are associated with presumptive ACCD.Conclusion and relevanceThe chi-square test and logistic regression analysis both suggested an association between a thin body condition and an increased chance of cognitive decline. However, it is difficult to determine if the thin BCS in this group could be secondary to another confounding factor. The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction rapidly increased with age in this study. These findings warrant continued studies including veterinary evaluations to explore risk factors of canine dementia.
Os impactos na vigilância das doenças tropicais negligenciadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Neta Márcia Cleide Madureira Fagundes Gomes , Vieira Anielly Araújo , Ribeiro Árisson Danilo Ferreira , Santos Lucas Mateus Advíncola , Prates Marcus Vinicius Dias , Advíncola Victor Emanuel dos Reis , Costa Magnania Cristiane Pereira da , Ribeiro Gabriela de Cássia 
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: descrever a produção científica que aborda os impactos na vigilância das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa norteada pela pergunta: "Quais os impactos na vigilância das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas durante a pandemia da Covid-19?”. A busca foi realizada com a utilização dos descritores Doenças Negligenciadas; Vigilância e Covid-19, em português e inglês, nas bases de dados Web of Science; Pubmed e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Medline e Lilacs) entre os anos de 2020 a 2022. Resultados: Foram selecionados 16 artigos classificados em dois eixos temáticos: (i) prevenção e controle e (ii) tratamento e reabilitação. Conclusão: verificou-se diversos impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na vigilância das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas que podem dificultar o alcance das metas definidas para 2030. Logo, sugere-se a realização de estudos, principalmente no Brasil, que abordem essa repercussão para que as medidas de contenção sejam reforçadas.
Studying and selecting effective flocculants for the purification of the Kama River water
Authors: Бурганов Р.Т. , Хасанова Д.И. , Гильмутдинова Г.Ф. , Кирилова М.А. , Коврижных Е.А. 
Published: October 2022

На примере камской речной воды показано преимущество использования флокулянтов различной ионной активности совместно с коагулянтом на основе гидроксохлорида алюминия. Приведены результаты исследований основных физико-химических показателей, позволяющих более полно представить особенности коагуляционной обработки камской речной воды. В условиях проведенных экспериментов все испытанные флокулянты по своей эффективности сопоставимы с применяемым в настоящее время на водоблоке ПАО «Нижнекамскнефтехим» флокулянтом на основе хлорида полидиаллилдиметиламмония. В процессе осветления воды предложено использовать флокулянт (образец № 1) с дозой 1–3 мг/дм3. Показано, что совместное применение гидроксохлорида алюминия с флокулянтом (образцом № 1) в большей степени эффективно для извлечения из воды ионов алюминия. Метод коагуляционной обработки речной воды с применением флокулянта (образца № 1) отличается от существующего тем, что является более экономически эффективным и позволяет снизить расход последнего на 50–60%.
Using the Kama River water as an example, the advantage of using flocculants of various ionic activity in combination with a coagulant based on polyaluminum chloride is shown. The results of studies of the main physical and chemical indicators are presented that better characterize the specific features of the coagulation of the Kama River water. Under the experimental conditions all tested flocculants were comparable as for the effectiveness to the flocculant based on polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride currently used at the water unit of Nizhnekamskneftekhim PJSC. In the process of water clarification using a flocculant (sample No. 1) was proposed with a dose of 1–3 mg/dm3. It was shown that the combined use of polyaluminum chloride and the flocculant (sample No. 1) was more effective for extracting aluminum ions from water. The method of river water coagulation with the use of the flocculant (sample No. 1) differs from the existing one in higher cost-effectiveness and 50–60% reduction the of the chemical consumption.
RIS aided Physical Layer Key Generation of IoT network in Static Environments
Authors: Yang Jie , Ji Xinsheng , Huang Kaizhi , niu ge , zhao jianlei 
Published: October 2022

<p>Physical layer secret key generation schemes can provide lightweight encryption for resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, many IoT devices are stationary and the environment is usually static, which leads to ultra-low/zero secret key rates. To circumvent this problem, a novel secret key generation scheme based on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is proposed for Multiple-Input Single-Output IoT communications. The RIS is introduced into the network, and the phase shifts at RIS are tuned randomly in each frame, which makes time-varying reflection channels superimposed on the original channels. And then, the secret key capacity of all nodes within the cell coverage area can be remarkably improved. Compared with the existing methods, the scheme is loosely coupled with the existing communication system.	The closed-form expressions of secret key capacity taking into account eavesdropping are first derived for the case studies of independent and correlated channels. We can conclude that sharing the same phase shifts randomness will not bring key information leakage. Compared with existing user-introduced randomness schemes, the proposed scheme can maintain good performance as the number of eavesdropping nodes increases. Further, the impact of parameters, such as the number of reflecting units, the transmit antennas, and the Rician factor, on secret key performance are analyzed respectively, which can offer guidelines for system design. Finally, simulation results verify the theoretical analysis.</p>