bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper‐based nanomaterials for cancer theranostics
Authors: Zhong Xiaoyan , Dai Xingliang , Wang Yan , Wang Hua , Qian Haisheng , Wang Xianwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCopper‐based nanomaterials (Cu‐based NMs) with favorable biocompatibility and unique properties have attracted the attention of many biomedical researchers. Cu‐based NMs are one of the most widely studied materials in cancer treatment. In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of biomedicine, especially in the treatment and diagnosis of tumors. This review begins with the classification of Cu‐based NMs and the recent synthetic strategies of Cu‐based NMs. Then, according to the abundant and special properties of Cu‐based NMs, their application in biomedicine is summarized in detail. For biomedical imaging, such as photoacoustic imaging, positron emission tomography imaging, and multimodal imaging based on Cu‐based NMs are summarized, as well as strategies to improve the diagnostic effectiveness. Moreover, a series of unique structures and functions as well as the underlying property activity relationship of Cu‐based NMs were shown to highlight their promising therapeutic performance. Cu‐based NMs have been widely used in monotherapies, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, the sophisticated design in composition, structure, and surface fabrication of Cu‐based NMs can endow these NMs with more modalities in cancer diagnosis and therapy. To further improve the efficiency of cancer treatment, combined therapy based on Cu‐based NMs was introduced in detail. Finally, the challenges, critical factors, and future prospects for the clinical translation of Cu‐based NMs as multifunctional theranostic agents were also considered and discussed. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding and key consideration for the rational design of this increasingly important new paradigm of Cu‐based NMs as theranostic agents.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Shifting to sounders: Whole sounder removal eliminates wild pigs
Authors: Lewis Alexandra A. , Williams Brian L. , Smith Mark D. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWild pig (Sus scrofa) eradication in demographically open populations has seemed an impossible feat for managers, but more recently, whole sounder removal (WSR) has been proposed as a trapping strategy that has the potential to be successful in eradicating wild pigs from an area. However, little empirical data exist concerning implementation of whole sounder removal strategies. Our objective was to implement and describe wild pig management using WSR. We established a 27‐km2 area (northwest section) where sounders were removed using WSR and a 29‐km2 area (southeast section) where GPS collars were deployed on Lowndes Wildlife Management Area in Alabama. Prior to implementing WSR, we used game cameras over bait at a density of one camera/km2 in November 2014 and counted 65 and 100 individuals in our northwest and southeast sections, respectively. We began WSR July 2015 and by May 2016, we reduced the estimated population by 90%. However, due to births and seasonal movements of pigs in the periphery of the study area, the population fluctuated between 10–20 individuals from May 2016 to December 2017. In December 2017, we removed the last known remaining sounder, and using game cameras, observed no sounders in the northwest section for the following 7 months, the remaining length of the study. We determined that using the WSR approach can lead to a delay before inevitable recolonization. Therefore, WSR can be a successful tool to significantly reduce a wild pig population and potentially provide managers a pig‐free area.
Electric dipole moments from colour-octet scalars
Authors: Gisbert Hector , Miralles Víctor , Ruiz-Vidal Joan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present the contributions to electric dipole moments (EDMs) induced by the Yukawa couplings of an additional electroweak doublet of colour-octet scalars. The full set of one-loop diagrams and the enhanced higher-order effects from Barr-Zee diagrams are computed for the quark (chromo-)EDM, along with the two-loop contributions to the Weinberg operator. Using the stringent experimental upper limits on the neutron EDM, constraints on the parameter space of the Manohar-Wise model are derived.
Optimale Sauerstoffversorgung – neue Erkenntnisse aus der COVID-19-Therapie?
Authors: Dankl Daniel 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungFür die Energiegewinnung und damit Überlebensfähigkeit menschlicher Zellen ist Sauerstoff von essenzieller Bedeutung. Kommt es durch Krankheit, Verletzung oder Veränderung der Umweltfaktoren zu einer Störung der Sauerstoffversorgung, ist der menschliche Körper bis zu einem gewissen Grad in der Lage, Kompensationsmechanismen in Gang zu setzten, um trotzdem ein ausreichendes Sauerstoffangebot für die Funktion und Integrität der Zellen bzw. Organsysteme breitzustellen. Werden diese Kompensationsmechanismen ausgeschöpft oder überlastet, droht ein Funktionsausfall von Zellen und Organsystemen. Im klinischen Alltag ist es bei abnormen Sauerstoffwerten oft schwierig zu entscheiden, ob die körpereigenen Kompensationsmechanismen noch ausreichen oder ob invasivere Therapieoptionen mit entsprechenden Nebenwirkungen angewandt werden sollten, um Organschäden zu verhindern. Um dies entscheiden zu können, ist neben der Kenntnis der aktuellen Studienlage und der Zielparameter ein Verständnis der grundlegenden physiologischen Mechanismen der Sauerstoffversorgung der Zellen notwendig. Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, die physiologischen Grundlagen des Sauerstoffangebots zu wiederholen, aufzuzeigen, wie ein unzureichendes Sauerstoffangebot erkannt werden kann, und die aktuelle Studienlage bzw. die Leitlinien zu Sauerstoffzielwerten zu beleuchten. Zwar hat die Pandemie durch die Coronaviruserkrankung 2019 (COVID-19) die Aufmerksamkeit für Pathophysiologie und Therapiestrategien bei Oxygenierungsstörungen rezent in den Fokus gerückt, allerdings haben sich aus dieser Pandemie kaum neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Sauerstoffzielwerte ergeben. Somit bleiben die bisher empfohlenen Sauerstoffzielwerte unverändert bestehen.
Krankenhauseinweisungsgründe für Menschen mit Demenz – ein Scoping-Review
Authors: Stiefler Susanne , Dunker Ellen , Schmidt Annika , Friedrich Anna-Carina , Donath Carolin , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Krankenhausaufenthalte stellen für Menschen mit Demenz eine hohe Belastung dar, die den Abbau kognitiver und motorischer Fähigkeiten beschleunigen können. Verhaltensänderungen und Orientierungsprobleme können bei Menschen mit Demenz während Krankenhausaufenthalten verstärkt auftreten. Einige Krankenhausaufenthalte sind durch eine bessere ambulante Versorgung potenziell vermeidbar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Erstellung eines aktuellen Überblicks zu den häufigsten Krankenhauseinweisungsgründen für Menschen mit Demenz oder leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen.

Material und Methoden
Zur Erstellung des Scoping-Reviews wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed®, CINAHL und PsycINFO® im Mai 2020 durchgeführt. Einbezogen wurden Publikationen in deutscher und englischer Sprache, die zwischen Juli 2010 und Mai 2020 publiziert wurden.

Ergebnisse
Die häufigsten Krankenhauseinweisungsgründe, die in den 14 eingeschlossenen Studien genannt wurden, waren Infektionskrankheiten, insbesondere Atemwegs- und Harnwegsinfektionen sowie Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (allgemein oder spezifisch, z. B. in Form von Herzinsuffizienz), Stürze, Verletzungen, Vergiftungen und Frakturen sowie gastrointestinale Krankheiten.

Diskussion
Bei dem Großteil der häufigsten Krankenhauseinweisungsgründen handelt es sich um potenziell vermeidbare Krankenhausaufenthalte bei rechtzeitiger adäquater ambulanter Versorgung. Eine Stärkung der ambulanten Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz kann zur Vermeidung von Krankenhausaufenthalten beitragen.
Symptom burden, psychosocial distress and palliative care needs in heart failure – A cross-sectional explorative pilot study
Authors: Strangl F. , Ischanow E. , Ullrich A. , Oechsle K. , Fluschnik N. , Magnussen C. , Knappe D. , Grahn H. , Blankenberg S. , Bokemeyer C. , Kirchhof P. , Rybczynski M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Beyond guideline-directed treatments aimed at improving cardiac function and prognosis in heart failure (HF), patient-reported outcomes have gained attention.

Purpose
Using a cross-sectional approach, we assessed symptom burden, psychosocial distress, and potential palliative care (PC) needs in patients with advanced stages of HF.

Methods
At a large tertiary care center, we enrolled HF patients in an exploratory pilot study. Symptom burden and psychosocial distress were assessed using the MIDOS (Minimal Documentation System for Patients in PC) questionnaire and the Distress Thermometer (DT), respectively. The 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used to screen for anxiety and depression. To assess PC needs, physicians used the “Palliative Care Screening Tool for HF Patients”.

Results
We included 259 patients, of whom 137 (53%) were enrolled at the Heart Failure Unit (HFU), and 122 (47%) at the outpatient clinic (OC). Mean age was 63 years, 72% were male. New York Heart Association class III or IV symptoms were present in 56%. With a mean 5-year survival 64% (HFU) vs. 69% (OC) calculated by the Seattle Heart Failure Model, estimated prognosis was comparatively good. Symptom burden (MIDOS score 8.0 vs. 5.4, max. 30 points, p < 0.001) and level of distress (DT score 6.0 vs. 4.8, max. 10 points, p < 0.001) were higher in hospitalised patients. Clinically relevant distress was detected in the majority of patients (HFU 76% vs. OC 57%, p = 0.001), and more than one third exhibited at least mild symptoms of depression or anxiety. Screening for PC needs revealed 82% of in- and 52% of outpatients fulfil criteria for specialized palliative support.

Conclusion
Despite a good prognosis, we found multiple undetected and unaddressed needs in an advanced HF cohort. This study’s tools and screening results may help to early explore these needs, to further improve integrated HF care.

Graphical abstract
iRECIST-based versus non-standardized free text reporting of CT scans for monitoring metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective comparison
Authors: Schomburg Laura , Malouhi Amer , Grimm Marc-Oliver , Ingwersen Maja , Foller Susan , Leucht Katharina , Teichgräber Ulf 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Therapy decision for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is highly dependent on disease monitoring based on radiological reports. The purpose of the study was to compare non-standardized, common practice free text reporting (FTR) on disease response with reporting based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors modified for immune-based therapeutics (iRECIST).

Methods
Fifty patients with advanced mRCC were included in the retrospective, single-center study. CT scans had been evaluated and FTR prepared in accordance with center’s routine practice. For study purposes, reports were re-evaluated using a dedicated computer program that applied iRECIST. Patients were followed up over a period of 22.8 ± 7.9 months in intervals of 2.7 ± 1.8 months.
Weighted kappa statistics was run to assess strength of agreement. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for different rating.

Results
Agreement between FTR and iRECIST-based reporting was moderate (kappa 0.38 [95% CI 0.2–0.6] to 0.70 [95% CI 0.5–0.9]). Tumor response or progression according to FTR were not confirmed with iRECIST in 19 (38%) or 11 (22%) patients, respectively, in at least one follow-up examination. With FTR, new lesions were frequently not recognized if they were already identified in the recent prior follow-up examination (odds ratio for too favorable rating of disease response compared to iRECIST: 5.4 [95% CI 2.9–10.1].

Conclusions
Moderate agreement between disease response according to FTR or iRECIST in patients with mRCC suggests the need of standardized quantitative radiological assessment in daily clinical practice.
Wandern während und nach Corona – Segmentierung von Wanderzielgruppen am Beispiel der Sinus-Milieus®
Authors: Quack Heinz-Dieter , Thiele Franziska 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungInsbesondere während der Lockdowns des Jahres 2020 wurde aus einigen deutschen Regionen von überfüllten Wanderwegen und gesperrten Wanderparkplätzen berichtet, ein Zustand, der so in den betroffenen Regionen bislang noch nicht bekannt war und auf denen viele Orte und Regionen entsprechend nicht vorbereitet waren. Wer wandert eigentlich? Und kann man empirisch feststellen, dass in Deutschland pandemiebedingt mehr oder anders gewandert wurde? Sind möglicherweise „neue“ Wandernde hinzugekommen, also Personen, die präpandemisch nicht wanderten, dies aber nun für sich entdeckten und möglicherweise auch postpandemisch weiterführen? Gibt es Unterschiede innerhalb der Gruppe der Wandernden und wie kann man touristisch hinreichende Segmentierungen vornehmen? Der Beitrag reflektiert zunächst kurz tradierte Zielgruppendefinitionen, um dann detaillierter auf die möglichen vertieften Einblicke in die Genese und die Ausprägungen von Wanderverhalten einzugehen, die lebensstilorientierte Segmentierungen erlauben. Sind die „Corona-Wandernden“ andere Wandernde als die „Prä-Corona-Wandernden“ und was bedeutet dies für Wandernachfrage und Wanderverhalten ausgangs der Pandemie? Diesen Fragen widmet sich der nachfolgende Beitrag.
Perceived stress during the prenatal period: assessing measurement invariance of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) across cultures and birth parity
Authors: Katus Laura , Foley Sarah , Murray Aja L. , Luong-Thanh Bao-Yen , Taut Diana , Baban Adriana , Madrid Bernadette , Fernando Asvini D. , Sikander Siham , Ward Catherine L. , Osafo Joseph , Marlow Marguerite , Du Toit Stefani , Walker Susan , Van Vo Thang , Fearon Pasco , Valdebenito Sara , Eisner Manuel P. , Hughes Claire 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Maternal prenatal stress places a substantial burden on mother’s mental health. Expectant mothers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have thus far received less attention than mothers in high-income settings. This is particularly problematic, as a range of triggers, such as exposure to traumatic events (e.g. natural disasters, previous pregnancy losses) and adverse life circumstances (e.g. poverty, community violence), put mothers at increased risk of experiencing prenatal stress. The ten-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) is a widely recognised index of subjective experience of stress that is increasingly used in LMICs. However, evidence for its measurement equivalence across settings is lacking. This study aims to assess measurement invariance of the PSS-10 across eight LMICs and across birth parity. This research was carried out as part of the Evidence for Better Lives Study (EBLS, vrc.crim.cam.ac.uk/vrcresearch/EBLS). The PSS-10 was administered to N = 1,208 expectant mothers from Ghana, Jamaica, Pakistan, the Philippines, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Vietnam during the third trimester of pregnancy. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a good model fit of a two-factor model across all sites, with items on experiences of stress loading onto a negative factor and items on perceived coping onto a positive factor. Configural and metric, but not full or partial scalar invariance, were established across all sites. Configural, metric and full scalar invariance could be established across birth parity. On average, first-time mothers reported less stress than mothers who already had children. Our findings indicate that the PSS-10 holds utility in assessing stress across a broad range of culturally diverse settings; however, caution should be taken when comparing mean stress levels across sites.
Art. 20a GG in der Hand des Bundesverfassungsgerichts – Potential für einen Anspruch auf Gesetzgebung?
Authors: Lang Lorenz 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungAls allein objektive Verfassungsnorm kann Art. 20a GG für sich genommen dem Einzelnen kein subjektives
Recht auf Klima-Gesetzgebung verleihen. Hieran ändert auch der schon jetzt berühmte “Klima-Beschluss”
des BVerfG nichts. Die Ausführungen des Gerichtes bieten dennoch neue Impulse für das Verhältnis
von Grundrechten und Staatszielbestimmung des Art. 20a GG. Je mehr Grundrechte und Staatszielbestimmung
dabei miteinander verschränkt werden, desto näher wird Art. 20a GG von seiner ursprünglichen
Konzeption entfernt und das Potential geschaffen den Gesetzgeber gerichtlich zu mehr Klimaschutzbemühungen
zu verpflichten.
Enablers and Constraints of STEM Programme Implementation: an External Change Agent Perspective from a National STEM Programme in Finland
Authors: Mäkelä Tiina , Tuhkala Ari , Mäki-Kuutti Matias , Rautopuro Juhani 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn international need exists for effective programmes that will enhance learners’ interest in studies and careers related to science, technology, engineering and mathematics, i.e. STEM. When considering the impact of STEM programmes, it is important to identify what can enable or constrain effective programme implementation. As such, enablers can be systematically supported and constraints tackled to maximise a programme’s impact. This study considers a nationwide STEM programme in Finland that involved 450 teachers and their learning communities. The study followed an interpretative paradigm, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and analysed with data-driven thematic analysis. The study participants were 14 external change agents operating between participating learning communities and the national programme administration and, thus, had a valuable overview on how the programme evolved. The most important enablers of effective programme implementation were versatile support, programme flexibility and long-term vision. Two major constraints were limited resources and collaboration challenges. Considering the findings of this study can help design effective STEM programmes by providing various support mechanisms for educators, particularly scaffolding; peer and school administrator support; flexibility to enable embedding activities and adapting programme objectives to participants’ everyday work; long-term vision to support both lifelong learning and a continuum between different STEM programmes; sufficient time and economic resources to achieve a long-term impact; and collaboration and networking opportunities at the local, regional, national and international levels.
Gene expression signatures in PCB-exposed Slovak children in relation to their environmental exposures and socio-physical characteristics
Authors: Mondal Tanmoy , Loffredo Christopher A. , Trnovec Tomas , Palkovicova Murinova Lubica , Noreen Zarish , Nnanabu Thomas , Conka Kamil , Drobna Beata , Ghosh Somiranjan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Our previous gene expression studies in a PCB-exposed cohort of young children in Slovakia revealed that early-life exposures to PCBs and other organochlorine compounds were associated with significant alterations across several pathogenetic pathways. The present study was undertaken to further explore the high-throughput qRT-PCR-based gene expression effects by using TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) for selected genes in a sample of 55 children from the cohort. We analyzed the transcriptional changes of 11 genes in relation to PCB and organochlorine pesticide exposure levels (including DDT, DDE, HCH, and HCB), and to BMI and ethnicity in this cohort. The results indicated an overall downregulation of expression of these genes. Maximum downregulation (in fold change) was observed in the ENTPD3 gene, and the minimum level of downregulation was in CYP2D6. As per our multinomial regression model study, downregulation of LEPR gene was significantly directly correlated with all the exposure variables. Downregulation of APC, ARNT, CYP2D6, LEPR, LRP12, and MYC genes was directly correlated with BMI (kg/m2) of the individuals. Gender-specific differences in gene expression were observed in CYP2D6 (p-value 0.0001) and LEPR (p-value 0.028), while downregulation of CYP2D6 (p-value 0.01), LEPR (p-value 0.02), LRP12 (p-value 0.04), and MYC (p-value 0.02) genes was consistently observed in Roma children compared to Caucasians. The investigation of such health disparities must be emphasized in future research, together with interventions to reduce the health consequences of PCB exposures. In this context, we emphasize the importance of biomarker-based approaches to future research on genetic susceptibility to the effects of these compounds.
The effect of laboratory-verified smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from the Troina sero-epidemiological survey
Authors: Tomaselli Venera , Ferrara Pietro , Cantone Giulio G. , Romeo Alba C. , Rust Sonja , Saitta Daniela , Caraci Filippo , Romano Corrado , Thangaraju Murugesan , Zuccarello Pietro , Rose Jed , Ferrante Margherita , Belsey Jonathan , Cibella Fabio , Caci Grazia , Ferri Raffaele , Polosa Riccardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research yielded conflicting results on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since the prevalence of smoking is high globally, the study of its impact on COVID-19 pandemic may have considerable implications for public health. This study is the first to investigate the association between the SARS-CoV-2 antibody sero-positivity and biochemically verified smoking status, to refine current estimates on this association. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and serum cotinine levels (a well-known marker of tobacco exposure) were assessed in a large sero-epidemiological survey conducted in the town of Troina (Sicily, Italy). A propensity score matching was carried out to reduce the effect of possible factors on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among study participants. Of the 1785 subjects included in our study, one-third was classified as current smokers, based on serum cotinine levels. The overall proportion of subjects with positive serology for SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 5.4%. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity and previous COVID-19 diagnosis were reduced in smokers. This reduced prevalence persisted after adjusting for possible confounders (such as sex, age, previous infection, chronic conditions, and risk group) at regression analyses, and the point estimates based on the PS-matched models resulted consistent with those for the unmatched population. This study found a lower proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 serology among current smokers, using direct laboratory measures of tobacco exposure and thus avoiding possible bias associated with self-reported smoking status. Results may also serve as a reference for future clinical research on potential pharmaceutical role of nicotine or nicotinic-cholinergic agonists against COVID-19.