bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subglottic mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient: a rare case report
Authors: Amirzargar Behrooz , Jafari Mehrdad , Ahmadinejad Zahra , Salehi Mohammadreza , Chalabi Sina , Aminishakib Pouyan , Salahshoor Faeze , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Zabihidan Mohammadsadegh 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by fungi of Mucorale order. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and other immunosuppressive conditions such as neutropenia and corticosteroid therapy are known risk factors. A new risk factor for this infection is COVID-19 which facilitates mucormycosis by different mechanisms. The rhino-orbito-cerebral involvement is the most common form. Involvement of other anatomical regions may occur in rare situations. As we presented here, a 51-year-old woman presented with respiratory distress and subglottic lesion during COVID-19 (Delta variant) treatment which was diagnosed by histopathological examination as a subglottic mucormycosis postoperatively. The patient underwent tracheostomy and debridement of the necrotic tissues followed by antifungal treatment. New manifestations of COVID-19 are appearing over time. The association between coronavirus and mucormycosis of the laryngeal and airway region must be given serious consideration. Current guidelines recommend a combined medical and surgical approach for achieving the best outcome.
Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Pelvic and Perineal Region: A Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Study
Authors: Necchi Andrea , Spiess Philippe E , Bandini Marco , Basile Giuseppe , Grivas Petros , Bratslavsky Gennady , Jacob Joseph , Danziger Natalie , Lin Douglas , Decker Brennan , Sokol Ethan S , Huang Richard S P , Kulkarni Sanjay B , Ross Jeffrey S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Advanced pelvic squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a broad category of cancers affecting different pelvic organs and usually featuring unfavorable clinical outcomes. Thus, we aimed to assess genomic differences among pSCC cases and learn whether pSCC could potentially benefit from targeted therapies and/or immunotherapy.

Materials and Methods
A total of 1917 advanced pSCCs, including penile (penSCC), male urethral (murthSCC), male anal (manSCC), female urethral (furthSCC), vulvar (vulSCC), cervical (crvSCC), female anal (fanSCC), and vaginal (vagSCC), underwent comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). We used hybrid capture-based CGP to evaluate recurrent genomic alterations (GAs). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined on up to 1.1 Mb of sequenced DNA and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined on up to 95 loci. Programmed cell-death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC; Dako 22C3).

Results
PIK3CA was the most frequently identified potentially “actionable” GA (22%-43%), followed by mTOR pathway [PTEN (0%-18%), FBXW7 (7%-29%)], and cell-cycle GAs. DNA-damage response (DDR) GAs and receptor-tyrosine kinase (RTK) targeted options were uncommon. NOTCH1 GAs were present in &gt;15% of penSCC and vulvSCC. TMB ≥10 mut/Mb was &gt;15% in manSCC, fanSCC, crvSCC, and vagSCC. PD-L1 high expression was &gt;18% in all pSCC except urthSCC, manSCC, and vagSCC. HPV-16/18 detection was highest in manSCC, fanSCC, and crvSCC.

Conclusion
Despite similar histology, pSCCs can differ in GAs and HPV status. Overall, PIK3CA is the most frequent potentially “targetable” GA followed by mTOR and cell cycle pathway. RTK and DDR GAs are rare in pSCC. Immunotherapy could be considered for pSCC management based on TMB and PD-L1 expression.
Towards better Data Science to address racial bias and health equity
Authors: Nsoesie Elaine O , Galea Sandro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Data Science can be used to address racial health inequities. However, a wealth of scholarship has shown that there are many ethical challenges with using Data Science to address social problems. To develop a Data Science focused on racial health equity, we need the data, methods, application, and communication approaches to be antiracist and focused on serving minoritized groups that have long-standing worse health indicators than majority groups. In this perspective, we propose eight tenets that could shape a Data Science for Racial Health Equity research framework.
Reputation Building under Observational Learning
Authors: Pei Harry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A patient seller interacts with a sequence of myopic consumers. Each period, the seller chooses the quality of his product, and a consumer decides whether to trust the seller after she observes the seller’s actions in the last $K$ periods (limited memory) and at least one previous consumer’s action (observational learning). However, the consumer cannot observe the seller’s action in the current period. With positive probability, the seller is a commitment type who plays his Stackelberg action in every period. I show that under limited memory and observational learning, consumers are concerned that the seller will not play his Stackelberg action when he has a positive reputation and will play his Stackelberg action after he has lost his reputation. Such a concern leads to equilibria where the seller receives a low payoff from building a reputation. I also show that my reputation failure result hinges on consumers’ observational learning.
Optimal Resistance Management for Mixtures of High-Risk Fungicides: Robustness to the Initial Frequency of Resistance and Pathogen Sexual Reproduction
Authors: Taylor Nick P. , Cunniffe Nik J. 
Published: July 2022

There is a strong consensus that selection for fungicide resistant pathogen strains can be most effectively limited by using applications of mixtures of fungicides designed to balance disease control against selection. However, how to do this in practice is not entirely characterized. Previous work indicates optimal mixtures of pairs of fungicides which are both at a high risk of resistance can be constructed using pairs of doses that select equally for both single resistant strains in the first year of application. What has not been addressed thus far is the important real-world case in which the initial levels of resistance to each fungicide differ, for example because the chemicals have been available for different lengths of time. We show how recommendations based on equal selection in the first year can be suboptimal in this case. We introduce a simple alternative approach, based on equalizing the frequencies of single resistant strains in the year that achieving acceptable levels of control is predicted to become impossible. We show that this strategy is robust to changes in parameters controlling pathogen epidemiology and fungicide efficacy. We develop our recommendation using a preexisting, parameterized model of Zymoseptoria tritici (the pathogen causing Septoria leaf blotch on wheat), which exemplifies the range of plant pathogens that predominantly spread clonally, but for which sexual reproduction forms an important component of the life cycle. We show that pathogen sexual reproduction can influence the rate at which fungicide resistance develops but does not qualitatively affect our optimal resistance management recommendation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Lower Body Negative Pressure Decreases Intracranial Pressure and Internal Jugular Vein Cross‐Sectional Area
Authors: Watkins William , Baird Shannon , Clary Erika M , Hargens Alan R , Macias Brandon R 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionLong‐term space flight subjects astronauts to both adaptive and deleterious health effects. Seven astronauts post six‐month space flight suffered decreased near vision, globe flattening, optic disc edema, choroidal folds, nerve fiber layer thickening, and cotton wool spots within the retinal nerve fiber layer. Additionally, lumbar punctures performed on astronauts diagnosed with optic disc edema after a six‐month mission showed increase in lumbar opening pressure, perhaps suggesting increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Although the mechanisms underlying these pathologies are not well understood, head‐ward fluid shifts experienced in microgravity may initiate these pathophysiologic processes. We hypothesized that during head‐down tilt (HDT), lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of 25 and 50 mmHg lowers ICP and decreases internal jugular vein cross‐sectional area (IJV CSA) due to lower extremity fluid shifts.MethodsFifteen (7F, 8M) healthy adult volunteers (age 19–60 years) were positioned at sitting posture (5 min), supine posture (5 min), 15° HDT (5 min), and 15° HDT with 10 min of LBNP of 25 and 50 mmHg with the order of HDT and HDT+LBNP randomized. Noninvasively, ICP was measured with the Cerebral Cochlear Fluid Pressure Analyzer, a device that measures tympanic membrane displacement (Vm). IJV CSA was measured by standard ultrasound.ResultsICP and IJV CSA both decreased after exposure to LBNP (25 and 50 mmHg) at 15HDT. Compared to Vm at 15HDT (−322.13 ± 419.17 nL), Vm significantly increased to −232.38 ± 445.85 nL and −199.76 ± 429.69 nL during 15HDT with LBNP (25 mmHg) and LBNP (50 mmHg), respectively (Fig. 1). A 40.0% increase in Vm (indicating a reduction in ICP) was evident after 10 minutes of 15HDT+LBNP (50 mmHg) relative to HDT posture. Further, compared to IJV CSA at 15HDT (1.50 ± 0.33 cm2), IJV CSA was significantly reduced to 0.83 ± 0.42 cm2 during 15HDT+LBNP (50 mmHg) (Fig. 2). With respect to 15HDT posture, 15HDT+LBNP (50 mmHg) for 10 minutes decreased IJV CSA by 44.5%. For both ICP and IJV CSA, there were no significant differences among the supine, 15HDT+LBNP (25 mmHg), and 15HDT+LBNP (50 mmHg) conditions.DiscussionLBNP mitigates the effect of head‐ward fluid shifts experienced during microgravity simulated by HDT and thus, decreases both ICP and IJV CSA. This study is the first to measure ICP and IJV CSA noninvasively during LBNP and also give quantitative evidence for a foot‐ward fluid shift concomitant with decreased ICP. Further studies are necessary to elucidate how LBNP lowers ICP and IJV dimensions.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by NSBRI through NCC 9‐58 to BRM, NASA grant NNXAJ12G to ARH, and NIH grant 5 T35 HL 7491‐35 to WW.
Getting to the heart of the opioid crisis
Authors: Daher Nicole , Bohensky Jolene 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Infective endocarditis is a potentially fatal infection of the endocardium or valves that can result from IV drug abuse. This article describes a patient with infective endocarditis masked by opioid abuse withdrawal symptoms. This challenging presentation brings to the forefront the need for clinicians to be aware of and understand the changing risk factors and demographics of patients with nonspecific infective endocarditis.
The Association of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors With Delirium in Critically Ill Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the Bringing to Light the Risk Factors and Incidence of Neuropsychologic Dysfunction in ICU Survivors ICU Study
Authors: Austin C. Adrian , Yi Joe , Lin Feng-Chang , Pandharipande Pratik , Ely E. Wesley , Busby-Whitehead Jan , Carson Shannon S. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and delirium in the subsequent 24 hours after drug administration in critically ill adults.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study utilizing the Bringing to Light the Risk Factors and Incidence of Neuropsychologic Dysfunction in ICU Survivors dataset.

SETTING:
Two large U.S. ICUs.

PATIENTS:
Critically ill adults admitted to a medical or surgery ICU between March 2007 and May 2010 with respiratory failure or shock.

INTERVENTIONS:
Our primary outcome was the occurrence rate of delirium or coma during each day in the ICU. Our exposure variable was SSRI administration on the prior day in the ICU. As a secondary question, we assessed the association of SSRI administration and delirium the same day of SSRI administration in the ICU.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We analyzed 821 patients. The median age was 61.2 years old (interquartile range, 50.9–70.7), and 401 (48.8%) were female. A total of 233 patients (28.4%) received prescribed SSRIs at least once during their ICU admission. Delirium was present in 606 (74%) of the patients at some point during hospitalization in the ICU. Coma was present in 532 (64.8%) of the patients at some point during hospitalization in the ICU. After adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors, we found that SSRI administration in the ICU was associated with lower odds of delirium/coma (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–1.00) the next day. An SSRI administered on the same day reduced the odds of delirium/coma as well (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87).

CONCLUSIONS:
SSRI administration is associated with decreased risk of delirium/coma in 24 hours and on the same day of administration in critically ill patients in a medical or surgical ICU.
Association between trends of mortality and incidence, survival and stage at diagnosis for six digestive and respiratory cancers in United States (2009–2013)
Authors: Teglia Federica , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: July 2022

Background
A decrease in cancer mortality has been reported in the USA, possibly due to decreased incidence, downstaging and improved survival. The aim of the present study is to estimate the contribution of these factors on the trend in cancer mortality.

Methods
Data on incidence, mortality, stage at diagnosis, and overall and stage-specific survival for six common digestive and respiratory cancers (esophagus, stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreas and lung) during 2009–2013 in the USA from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) program, was analyzed using generalized linear models separately among men and women.

Results
Our study showed a decrease in mortality for esophageal (−0.09/100 000/year and −0.03/100 000/year), stomach (−0.11/100 000/year and −0.05/100 000/year), colorectal (−0.45/100 000/year and −0.29/100 000/year) and lung cancer (−1.89/100 000/year in men and −0.78/100 000/year in women) in men and women, respectively: for all of them, except lung cancer in women, there was a decrease in the incidence of comparable or greater magnitude; stage distribution and survival also contributed to the decrease in mortality for lung and colorectal cancer. Mortality from pancreatic cancer was stable: an increase in incidence was counterbalanced by an improvement in survival. Mortality from liver cancer increased, driven by an increase in mortality that was not offset by favorable trends in stage distribution and survival.

Conclusions
Trends in mortality were primarily affected by changes in incidence; an increase in the proportion of local stage at diagnosis and improved survival, although evident for some cancers, played a lesser role in mortality trends.
Molecular Determinants for the High-Affinity Blockade of Human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene K+ Channel by Tolterodine
Authors: Wang Na , Yang Yang , Wen Jing , Fan Xin-Rong , Li Jian , Xiong Bing , Zhang Jin , Zeng Bo , Shen Jian-Wu , Chen Gui-Lan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Tolterodine is a first-line antimuscarinic drug used to treat overactive bladder. Adverse cardiac effects including tachycardia and palpitations have been observed, presumably because of its inhibition of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channel. However, the molecular mechanism of hERG channel inhibition by tolterodine is largely unclear. In this study, we performed molecular docking to identify potential binding sites of tolterodine in hERG channel, and two-microelectrode voltage-clamp to record the currents of hERG and its mutants expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The results of computational modeling demonstrated that phenylalanine at position 656 (F656) and tyrosine at position 652 (Y652) on the S6 helix of hERG channel are the most favorable binding residues of tolterodine, which was validated by electrophysiological recordings on Y652A and F656A hERG mutants. The Y652A and F656A mutations decreased inhibitory potency of tolterodine 345-fold and 126-fold, respectively. The Y652A mutation significantly altered the voltage dependence of channel inhibition by tolterodine. For both the wild-type and the mutant channels, tolterodine reduced the currents in a time-dependent manner, and the blockade occurred with the channel activated. Tolterodine did not interfere with hERG channel deactivation, whereas channel inactivation greatly impaired its blocking effect. The inhibition of hERG channel by tolterodine is independent of its action on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In conclusion, tolterodine is an open-state blocker of hERG K+ channel with nanomolar potency. Y652 and F656, 2 aromatic residues on the inner S6 helix, are responsible for the high-affinity binding of tolterodine to hERG channel.
Association of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women
Authors: Zhang Zhuo-Lin , Ho Suzanne C , Liu Kai-Yan , Mo Xiong-Fei , Feng Xiao-Li , Li Lei , Zhang Cai-Xia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the associations between breast cancer risk and intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and/or n-3 PUFA subclasses in Chinese women, and determine whether these associations varied with menopausal status or clinical characteristics.

Methods
A hospital-based case-control study including 1,589 cases and 1,621 age-frequency-matched controls was conducted. Dietary data were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models after controlling for potential confounders.

Results
Higher intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer, with adjusted OR quartile 4 v.1 (95% confidence intervals) of 0.68 (0.55-0.84) and 0.56 (0.42-0.75), respectively. Dietary a-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid were also inversely associated with breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) of 0.51 (0.38-0.70), 0.68 (0.55-0.84), 0.68 (0.55-0.85), and 0.76 (0.61-0.94), respectively. In stratified analyses, these inverse associations between risk and dietary n-3 PUFAs were more evident among premenopausal women and women with ER+, PR+ and ER+PR+ tumors. A decreased risk of breast cancer was significantly associated with increasing n-3 PUFA intake in obese/overweight women, but not in women of normal weight. There was a significant interaction between linoleic acid and marine n-3 PUFAs.

Conclusions
High intake of n-3 PUFAs and n-3 PUFA subtypes was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, especially among premenopausal women and women with ER+ and/or PR+ subtype breast cancer.
Clinicopathological features of endometrial lesions in asymptomatic postmenopausal women with thickened endometrium
Authors: Ai Fangfang , Wang Yifan , Wang Yiling , Wang Jiayi , Zhou Liane , Wang Shijun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
To analyze the clinical and pathological features of asymptomatic postmenopausal women with an incidentally detected increase in endometrial thickness (ET) by transvaginal ultrasound examination and discuss the cutoff value of ET for the timely discovery of endometrial malignancy.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of postmenopausal women with asymptomatic thickened endometrium (greater than or equal to 5 mm) screened by transvaginal ultrasound who were referred to the gynecology department at Xuanwu Hospital between January 2018 and March 2021. Data on participant demographics, clinical characteristics, and histopathology outcomes were collected. We stratified the participants into the benign group and malignant group according to pathology results and assessed differences between the two groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the cutoff value of ET for predicting endometrial malignancy in postmenopausal women with asymptomatic thickened endometrium.

Results
A total of 163 eligible cases were included in the analysis. The results showed that only ET was significantly different between the two groups. The median ET was significantly higher in the malignant group than in the benign group (1.20 vs 0.80, P = 0.023). The optimal cutoff value of ET was 10 mmwith the maximum AUC (0.881, 95% CI 0.810-0.952, P = 0.024), and the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of endometrial malignancy were 100%and 80%, respectively. Among the 47 women with ET ≥ 10mm, the prevalence of endometrial malignancy was 6.3%, which was significantly higher than that among women with ET < 10mm (P = 0.023).

Conclusion
For postmenopausal women with asymptomatic endometrial thickening, the prevalence of endometrial malignancy is significantly higher when ET is ≥ 10 mm. If ET is ≥ 10mm, further histopathological testing should be recommended to exclude endometrial malignancy. Further large-sample and prospective studies are needed to determine the predictive value of ET.
Exercise training and vascular function in postmenopausal individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brislane Áine , Sculthorpe Nicholas F. , Davenport Margie H. , Beaumont Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Importance
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for menopausal individuals. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a surrogate marker of CVD, improves with aerobic exercise training in healthy and nonhealthy cohorts. However, systematic evaluation and precise estimate of this effect for menopausal individuals are unknown.

Objective
We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of exercise training on FMD in postmenopausal individuals.

Evidence Review
Studies were identified from systematic search of major electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library) from inception to February 2021. Healthy, postmenopausal individuals were included, following an aerobic exercise intervention assessing FMD. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate a pooled effect size (mean difference [MD]) with 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed using I
2 statistics. Metaregression was used to assess the association between changes in FMD and physical characteristics (eg, blood pressure, age, baseline FMD) and intervention details (metabolic equivalents and change in maximal oxygen uptake [∆V˙o
2max]). For variables that significantly correlated, a multiple metaregression model was used to assess the accounted variance in between-study ∆FMD%. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool.

Findings
Nine studies, including 11 interventions (6 controlled interventions and 5 pre-post interventions; N = 182), with age range of 52 ± 4 to 64 ± 7 years underwent quantitative pooling of data. Exercise training significantly improved ∆FMD% (MD, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-1.52; P < 0.001). Between-study heterogeneity was large and statistically significant (I
2 = 93.8%, P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis based on study design identified significant heterogeneity in the MD in ∆FMD% between controlled and pre-post study interventions (P < 0.05). According to multiple metaregression, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and ∆V˙o
2max significantly predicted ∆FMD% (Q = 15.74, df = 3, P < 0.01, R
2 = 0.72).

Conclusions and Relevance
Aerobic exercise training improves FMD for postmenopausal individuals, and this observation was greater among controlled versus pre-post interventions. A higher resting blood pressure and the greatest ∆V˙o
2max yielded the largest improvements in FMD.