bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color preference and manual laterality in the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)
Authors: Spiezio Caterina , Pugassi Marta , Agrillo Christian , Regaiolli Barbara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current research focuses on color preference between red and green stimuli and manual laterality in the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). Trichromacy in primates has been related to a foraging advantage allowing frugivore primates to distinguish ripe from unripe fruits as well to socio‐sexual communication, as trichromats would be advantaged in recognizing social and sexual signals. As warm colors can affect the emotive state of the subjects, leading to the activation of one hemisphere over the other (e.g., right hemisphere), this could lead to behavioral lateralization. Thus, studying of hand preference may be relevant when testing color preference. Nine adult zoo emperor tamarins were involved and the study aimed to investigate the preference between red, green, and white cones as well as manual laterality. Tamarins were provided with pairs of red‐green, red‐white, and green‐white combinations of cones. Ten 30‐min sessions per combination were carried out and data on the interaction with one of the two cones of each apparatus were collected to assess subjects' color preference. We also recorded the hand used by each subject during the interaction with cones of different colors and the position of the apparatus in respect to the tamarin. We found no preferences for colored versus white cones. Similarly, we reported no group‐level preferences within different color combinations, whereas individual‐level preferences were found when considering all choices. Finally, we found that red cones elicited a left‐hand preference, suggesting a right‐hemisphere involvement in the presence of red cones. Although we do not have genetic data on trichromat and dichromat females, the tendency to use the left hand when interacting with red stimuli provides further evidence that warm colors can influence the emotive state of the perceiver, affecting their manual lateralization.
Direct Affinity Purification of Long‐Acting PASylated Proteins with Therapeutic Potential Using L‐Prolinamide for Mild Elution
Authors: Schilz Jonas , Clement Charlotte , Greiner Franziska , Skerra Arne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoth insufficient plasma half‐life (circulation for only few hours or less) and laborious downstream purification can be bottleneck for biological drug development. We report a novel strategy for the efficient and gentle affinity purification of pharmacologically relevant proteins modified by PASylation for prolonged action in vivo. We previously described antibodies specific for Pro/Ala‐rich sequences (PAS) covering a range of binding characteristics. Our present approach relies on a chromatography matrix functionalized with a low‐affinity PAS‐specific antibody Fab fragment for specific adsorption of the PASylated protein from a macromolecular mixture. With the complete absence of hydrophobic/aromatic or ionic groups in the PAS sequence epitope, binding is mediated by Van der Waals contacts and distinct hydrogen bonds only. Surprisingly, selective competitive elution is achieved by application of the highly soluble and biologically inactive imino acid derivative L‐prolinamide. Based on the specific but strongly dynamic biomolecular interaction, our procedure allows the direct one‐step purification of PASylated proteins from a cell extract or culture supernatant while avoiding harsh elution conditions as they are often needed for conventional affinity chromatography.
Electronic Structure Changes of an Aromatic Amine Photoacid along the Förster Cycle
Authors: Eckert Sebastian , Winghart Marc‐Oliver , Kleine Carlo , Banerjee Ambar , Ekimova Maria , Ludwig Jan , Harich Jessica , Fondell Mattis , Mitzner Rolf , Pines Ehud , Huse Nils , Wernet Philippe , Odelius Michael , Nibbering Erik T. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotoacids show a strong increase in acidity in the first electronic excited state, enabling real‐time studies of proton transfer in acid‐base reactions, proton transport in energy storage devices and biomolecular sensor protein systems. Several explanations have been proposed for what determines photoacidity, ranging from variations in solvation free energy to changes in electronic structure occurring along the four stages of the Förster cycle. Here we use picosecond nitrogen K‐edge spectroscopy to monitor the electronic structure changes of the proton donating group in a protonated aromatic amine photoacid in solution upon photoexcitation and subsequent proton transfer dynamics. Probing core‐to‐valence transitions locally at the amine functional group and with orbital specificity, we clearly reveal pronounced electronic structure, dipole moment and energetic changes on the conjugate photobase side. This result paves the way for a detailed electronic structural characterization of the photoacidity phenomenon.
Fruit ripeness sensors based on poly(lactic acid)/polyaniline solution blow‐spun fibrous membranes
Authors: Silva Vinícius D. , Santos Adillys M. C. , Oliveira Juliano E. , Medeiros Eliton S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReal‐time ripening monitoring stands as an attractive way to guarantee quality control and prediction of shelf life during transport and prolonged storage of fruits and vegetables. Herein, we investigate the use of poly(lactic acid)/polyaniline (PLA/PANI) solution blow‐spun nanofibrous membranes as gas sensors for fruit ripening monitoring. PLA/PANI with different blend ratios was prepared by dissolving PANI in dichloroethane (DCE) for further mixing with PLA and spinning onto interdigitated microelectrode (IME). The ripening process of four different fruits (apple, orange, banana, and cashew peduncle), climacteric, and non‐climacteric fruits, was assessed over 72 h by real‐time monitoring changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during fruit ripening. Since adsorption of VOCs onto sensor surface causes changes in electrical response, which is directly related to the fruit ripening process, PANI addition was essential to monitor the ripening. However, higher concentrations (2% PANI in PLA) impair sensor conductivity and sensitivity because of the agglomeration of conductive polymer particles, which directly influences the sensitivity and the average fiber diameter. One of the main findings, here, was the clear distinction between different patterns of monitoring curves according to the category of the analyzed fruit (climacteric or non‐climacteric).
Influence of sericin‐g‐PLA as an organic nucleating agent for preparing biodegradable blend films
Authors: Boonpavanitchakul Kanittha , Kangwansupamonkon Wiyong , Pimpha Nuttaporn , Magaraphan Rathanawan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere for the first time, this work indicated that the sericin‐g‐polylactide (SS‐g‐PLA) copolymer can be potentially used as an organic nucleating agent to improve the crystallinity and biodegradability of polylactide (PLA). The properties of blended films containing SS‐g‐PLA mixed with virgin PLA polymer were highly evaluated. The water vapor permeability (WVP), thermal behavior, dynamic mechanical properties, crystal structure, and biodegradability of the PLA/SS‐g‐PLA‐blended films were characterized and compared with a commercial PLA film. The results clearly indicated that the incorporation of SS‐g‐PLA copolymer in the PLA matrix had a significant effect on the properties of PLA/SS‐g‐PLA‐blended films. The WVP values of PLA/SS‐g‐PLA‐blended films were lower than that of commercial PLA film by about 2–3 g·mm/m2·day·atm, and their thermal behaviors (e.g. Tg, Tcc, and Tm) were also decreased. Adding SS‐g‐PLA can increase the crystallinity of PLA. The degree of crystallinity (%χc) of the series of PLA/SS‐g‐PLA‐blended films was increased to about 2–4 times that of the commercial PLA film (3%). Interestingly, biodegradation results revealed that the percent of biodegradability of PLA/SS‐g‐PLA‐blended film was 80% in 43 days under a compost environmental temperature of 58 ± 2°C. This evidence indicated that the SS‐g‐PLA copolymer can improve the biodegradability of PLA.
Synergistic toughening of polypropylene by thermoplastic starch acetate andSEBS‐MAH
Authors: Chen Youxu , Xu Xiaoyu , Hu Yuexin , Han Yuanyuan , Zhao Fengyang , Yan Nan , Jiang Wei , Zhao Guiyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe plasticized starch exhibits flexible properties, similar to that of elastomer. In this paper, thermoplastic starch acetate (TPAS) and maleic anhydride grafted poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] (SEBS‐MAH) were used to toughen polypropylene (PP) through melt blending. It is found TPAS and SEBS‐MAH have a synergistic toughening effect on PP, especially the notched impact strength of PP/TPAS/SEBS‐MAH (70/15/15) blend is as high as 83.4 kJ/m2, but only 7.2 kJ/m2of that for PP/TPAS/SEBS (70/15/15) blend. The structure‐property relationship of the PP/TPAS/SEBS‐MAH blends was investigated. Compared with PP/TPAS/SEBS (70/15/15) blend, the TPAS domains are dispersed homogeneously in the PP/TPAS/SEBS‐MAH (70/15/15) blend with the domain size of TPAS less than 0.2 μm. The incorporation of SEBS‐MAH not only improves the compatibility between PP and TPAS but also facilitates the formation of a core‐shell structure with TPAS as the core and SEBS‐MAH as the shell. Thus formed core‐shell particles play an important role in toughening PP. The spreading coefficient of the multiphase blend reveals that only when the SEBS‐MAH content is higher than TPAS, the core‐shell structure can be formed. Otherwise, TPAS and SEBS‐MAH will disperse separately and the toughness will not be improved. This work provides a new insight into polymer toughening with TPAS.
Fabrication of light‐weight ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films with hybrid porous structure and the thermal insulation properties
Authors: Shen Yulian , Liu Zhiyu , Jiang Genjie , Li Chunhai , Guo Yuhang , Chen Rong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccording to the infrared stealth mechanism, controlling the surface temperature of objects can effectively hide the infrared radiation and resist the infrared detection. In this paper, a high infrared transparent polymer ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is selected as the matrix of a thermal insulation material. UHMWPE porous films with high porosity and hybrid pore structure are obtained through the thermal induced phase separation combining with particle leaching method. The film structures with micropores and macropores are adjusted through the variation of the mass ratio of UHMWPE/liquid paraffin, the dosage and the particle size of NaCl. The thermal conductivity of the UHMWPE film is as low as 0.034 W/(m K), while the density is only 54.4 mg/cm3. The classical Maxwell‐Eucken model is used to discuss the relationship between the pore structure and the thermal conductivity of the films. It is determined that the hybrid porous structure can reduce heat conduction and gas–solid coupling effect simultaneously, thus the thermal conductivity is significantly reduced. Moreover, the porous films exhibited remarkable flexibility and hydrophobicity. Based on these properties, the porous films are highly promising in the field of thermal insulation protection and infrared stealth.
Recent Progress on Designable Hybrids with Stimuli‐Responsive Optical Properties Originating from Molecular Assembly Concerning Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this review, we describe recent progress on stimuli‐responsive hybrid materials based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and their applications as a chemical sensor. In particular, we explain the unique functions originating from molecular assembly concerning POSS‐containing soft materials mainly from our studies. POSS has an inorganic cubic core composed of silicon‐oxygen (Si−O) bonds and organic substituents at each vertex. Owing to intrinsic properties of POSS, such as high thermal stability, rigidity, and low chemical reactivity, various robust hybrid materials have been developed. From the numerous numbers of POSS hybrids, we herein focus on the environment‐sensitive optical materials in which molecular assembly of POSS itself and functional units connected to POSS should be a key factor for expressing material properties. We also explain the mechanisms of chemical sensors originating from these stimuli‐responsive optical properties. Stimuli‐responsive excimer emission and pollutant detectors, nanoplastic sensors with the water‐dispersive POSS networks, trans fatty acid sensors, turn‐on luminescent sensors for aerobic condition and fluoride anion sensors are described. We also mention the mechanochromic polyurethane hybrids and the thermally‐durable mechanochromic luminescent materials. The roles of the unique optical properties from soft materials composed of rigid POSS, which doesn't have significant light‐absorption and emission properties in the visible region, are surveyed.
Motor skills predict adaptive behavior in autistic children and adolescents
Authors: Fears Nicholas E. , Palmer Stephanie A. , Miller Haylie L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is well‐documented that intelligence quotient (IQ) is a poor predictor of adaptive behavior scores in autism, with autistic children having lower adaptive behavior scores than would be predicted based on their IQ scores. Differences in motor skills may explain the variability in their adaptive behavior scores. The current study examined how motor skills might explain autistic individuals' low adaptive behavior scores and which individual components of IQ (i.e., verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning) and motor skills (i.e., manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance) may drive this effect. We examined the associations between IQ, motor skills, calibrated severity, and adaptive behavior scores in 45 autistic children and adolescents. Using a t‐test, we found a significant difference (p <0.001) between full‐scale IQ and adaptive behavior scores, indicating that our participants' adaptive behavior scores were lower than would be expected given their full‐scale IQ. Using a linear regression, we investigated whether motor skills predicted adaptive behavior in autistic children and adolescents and found that motor skills scores were associated with adaptive behavior scores (p = 0.022). To further investigate these associations, we used another linear regression to examine how individual components of IQ and motor skills predicted adaptive behavior scores in autistic children and adolescents. Our results indicated that manual dexterity scores were associated with adaptive behavior scores (p = 0.036). These findings clearly illustrate the need for further understanding of autistic individuals' difficulties with adaptive behavior and the potential role of motor skill difficulties that may underlie these difficulties.Lay SummaryAutistic children have lower adaptive behavior scores (e.g., daily living skills, social skills, communication) than intelligence scores (e.g., verbal and perceptual skills) along with difficulties with motor skills. Motor skills may explain the gap between adaptive behavior and intelligence. We found motor skills were associated with adaptive behavior in autistic children and adolescents. In particular, hand coordination was associated with adaptive behavior. We need to better understand how autistic individuals' motor skills impact their adaptive behavior to provide effective supports.
Stein‐Betonmörtel‐Interaktion bei vermörtelten Steinstützkörpern aus Naturstein
Authors: Voit Klaus , Hron Johannes , Frei Gerhard , Peter Mathias , Reisenhofer Felix , Rottensteiner Josef , Zeman Oliver 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStütz‐ und Schutzkonstruktionen aus Naturstein zählen zu Standardbauwerken im Straßen‐ und Eisenbahnbau sowie im angrenzenden Ingenieurbau. Dabei wird zwischen unvermörtelten und vermörtelten Steinkonstruktionen unterschieden, wobei bei Letzteren die Fugenausbildung mittels Betonmörtel erfolgt. Diese Ausbildung der Fuge dient zur Verbesserung der Kraftübertragung zwischen den einzelnen Steinen, führt zu einer Reduzierung von Bauwerksverformungen und bringt gegenüber unvermörtelten Konstruktionen insgesamt eine Erhöhung der inneren Standsicherheit mit sich. Durch die Interaktion zwischen Stein und Betonmörtel können Schubkräfte übertragen bzw. aufgenommen werden, die insbesondere einem auftretenden Erddruck entgegenwirken: die Scherparameter Kohäsion (Haftfestigkeit) und Reibungswinkel bauen einen Widerstand gegen mögliche Schubbeanspruchung auf und spielen eine wesentliche Rolle hinsichtlich der Tragfähigkeit derartiger Bauwerke. In dieser Studie wird versucht, mittels experimenteller Laborversuche eine quantitative Abschätzung von Werten für Haftfestigkeit und Reibungswinkel abzuleiten. Darüber hinaus sollen die Eigenschaften von üblicherweise verwendeten Betonmörteln erfasst werden. Übergeordnetes Ziel ist es, Rückschlüsse auf die innere Stabilität derartiger Steinstützkörper zu ziehen und so Grundlagen für die Bemessung von Steinstützkörpern darzulegen.
Nanocrystal solid dispersion of fuzapladib free acid with improved oral bioavailability
Authors: Yamada Kohei , Hayashi Yuto , Sasaki Kenta , Higuchi Koji , Shindo Takeshi , Shikama Hiroshi , Sato Hideyuki , Onoue Satomi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to develop an oral nanocrystal solid dispersion (nCSD) of fuzapladib (FZP) with enhanced absorbability for the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). The hydration properties of crystalline FZP free acid (crystalline FZP) and FZP sodium salt (FZP/Na) were assessed to select a stable crystal form. The nCSD of FZP free acid (nCSD/FZP) was prepared using a multi‐inlet vortex mixer and evaluated in terms of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The results of X‐ray powder diffraction analysis indicated that crystalline FZP was stable as an anhydrate, while FZP/Na was converted to its monohydrate at water activity of above 0.2. The nanocrystals in nCSD/FZP were dispersed in hydroxy propyl cellulose‐SSL, and their mean particle size were 160 nm with uniform spherical shape. In dissolution testing, nCSD/FZP exhibited rapid dissolution compared with crystalline FZP and reached a saturated concentration of FZP within initial 30 min. After oral administration (2 mg‐FZP/kg) to rats, the maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability were 7.3‐ and 5.2‐fold higher for nCSD/FZP than crystalline FZP, respectively, due to improved dissolution by nanosization. In conclusion, nCSD/FZP may be a novel oral dosage form with enhanced absorbability facilitating potent therapeutic effects of FZP for the treatment of AP in animals.
A novel high throughput 96‐well‐based fluorimetric method to measure amikacin in pharmaceutical formulations: development using response surface methodology
Authors: Maxwell Amala , Mary Elizabeth , Ghate Vivek , Aranjani Jesil , Lewis Shaila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn aminoglycoside antibiotic, amikacin, is used to treat severe and recurring bacterial infections. Due to the absence of a chromophore, however, amikacin must be extensively derivatized before being quantified, both in analytical and bioanalytical samples. In this study, for the first time, we developed a simple and sensitive method for measuring amikacin sulfate using spectrofluorimetry with a 96‐well plate reader, based on the design of the experiment's approach. To develop a robust and reproducible spectrofluorimetric method, the influence of essential attributes, namely pH of the buffer, heating temperature, and concentration of reagents, were evaluated using univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis (central composite design). International Conference of Harmonization guidelines were used to validate the optimized method. The developed technique is linear from 1.9 to 10 μg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.9991. The detection and quantification limits were 0.649 μg/ml and 1.9 μg/ml, respectively. For the developed method, both intraday and interday precision (%RSD) were less than 5%. Using the method, amikacin concentrations were quantified in prepared amikacin liposomes and commercial formulations of Amicin®. The developed method greatly reduces sample volume and is a rapid, high throughput microplate‐based fluorescence approach for the convenient and cost‐effective measurement of amikacin in pharmaceutical formulations. In comparison with previously published approaches, the suggested method allowed for quick analysis of a high number of samples in a short amount of time (96 samples in 125 sec), resulting in an average duration of analysis of 1.3 sec per sample.
Conjugated detergent micelles as a platform for IgM purification
Authors: Dhandapani Gunasekaran , Wachtel Ellen , Das Ishita , Sheves Mordechai , Patchornik Guy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImmunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies hold promise as anticancer drugs and as agents for promoting immune homeostasis. This promise has not been realized due to low expression levels in mammalian cells producing IgM class antibodies, and the failure of protein A chromatography for IgM purification. Here, we describe a nonchromatographic platform for quantitatively capturing IgMs at neutral pH, which is then recovered with 86%–94% yield and >95% purity at pH 3. The platform contains micelles conjugated with the [(bathophenanthroline)3:Fe2+] amphiphilic complex. Inclusion of amino acid monomers, for example, phenylalanine or tyrosine, during conjugation of detergent micelles, allows subsequent extraction of IgMs at close to neutral pH. With the successful implementation of this purification platform for both polyclonal humans and bovine IgMs, we anticipate similar results for monoclonal IgMs, most relevant for the pharmaceutical industry.
Configuration‐dependent anionic redox in cathode materials
Authors: Yang Lu , Chen Rusong , Liu Zepeng , Gao Yurui , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe utilization of anionic redox is one of the most prospective strategies to obtain high specific capacities in addition to the transition metal redox. The specific local environments around the oxygen atoms lead to the transference of the oxygen electrons with different difficulties for the excess capacity of the cathode materials. Nevertheless, the structural and performance degradation is closely related to the irreversible anionic redox, resulting in serious challenges for the commercialization of the cathode materials. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the correlation between the oxygen configuration for the anionic redox and the resultant structural features to better utilize the anionic redox for the cathode materials with better performances. This review summarizes the latest advances of oxygen redox in the cathode materials in terms of their oxygen configurations. First, the fundamental mechanisms of anionic redox are discussed. On the basis of the local atoms and configurations, the recent strategies are then discussed that are promising to boost the reversibility of the anionic redox and mitigate the side reaction triggered by the oxygen redox. At last, an outlook is presented on the strategies to optimize the reversibility of the anionic redox for achieving the high energy‐density cathode materials.