bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EIT for tactile sensing: considering artefacts in hyperparameter selection
Authors: Smela Elisabeth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is employed in tactile sensing to create an image of impedance changes within a continuous sensor using electrodes placed only at the perimeter. Noise destabilizes EIT images, and the onset of instability is associated with the appearance of artefacts, which are spurious image features that are not associated with sensor responses to contacts. Artefacts are detrimental because the essential features of contacts, or targets, must be correctly represented, including how many there are and their approximate shapes and locations, yet their presence has not previously been used as a performance measure. Regularization, the extent of which is determined by the hyperparameter λ, is used to manage the destabilization, but it results in spatially non-uniform defocusing of image features. We therefore introduce an efficient criterion for evaluating tactile sensor image quality based on the onset of artefacts. Using simulated data and the one-step Gauss-Newton reconstruction algorithm with the Laplace prior, the noise level at which artefacts first appear at a given hyperparameter, or noise threshold Nth(λ), was found. How the relationship depends on target characteristics and other factors is shown, and Nth can vary by orders of magnitude. The conceptually similar BestRes method and the classical L-curve and generalized cross-validation (GCV) methods for determining an optimal hyperparameter are evaluated using the criterion of artefact-free images. The L-curve generates hyperparameters that are well matched to the onset of artefacts, except at high noise; the other two result in artefacts. For high dynamic range tactile inputs, setting the threshold at a fixed value using a method such as Nth is not advisable, and automatic regularization tailored to the input may be needed using a method such as the L-curve or GCV, provided that the computational overhead is tolerable.
Imaging with Raman photons: a novel use of mixed-mode spectroscopy
Authors: Prajapati K N , Nair Anoop A , Fernandes Jervis , Silva S Ravi P , Mitra J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is today an established technique used for chemical fingerprinting. Here, we showcase an engineered hierarchical substrate, in which the plasmonically active regions, restricted to a micron scale, two dimensional hexagonal pattern are examined. Spatial variation of the enhanced Raman signal from any analyte, uniformly coating the substrate, consequently bears a high registry with the underlying pattern. This spatially contrasted enhancement allows optical imaging of the 2D pattern solely using the Raman scattered photons from the analyte. While the pattern brightness and contrast determine analyte identification and detection sensitivity, hyperspectral imaging can be exploited for increasing specificity. Proof of concept demonstration of the technique is carried out via the acquisition of Raman images with rhodamine and fluorescein dyes and then applied to detect glucose in 40 mM concentration. The large area optical imaging and the requirement of long-range uniformity in the detected patterns for positive analyte detection, is implemented using a machine learning based pattern recognition protocol which also increases the statistical confidence of detection. This simultaneous, large area signal detection sacrifices continuous spectral information at the cost of speed, reproducibility and minimising human error via automation of detection in the hyperspectral imaging technique presented here.
Acoustic scene analysis using analog spiking neural network
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Anand Kumar , Naligala Moses Prabhakar , Duggisetty Divya Lakshmi , Chakrabarti Indrajit , Sharad Mrigank 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network for security surveillance applications should preferably be small, energy-efficient, and inexpensive with in-sensor computational abilities. An appropriate data processing scheme in the sensor node reduces the power dissipation of the transceiver through the compression of information to be communicated. This study attempted a simulation-based analysis of human footstep sound classification in natural surroundings using simple time-domain features. The spiking neural network (SNN), a computationally low-weight classifier derived from an artificial neural network (ANN), was used to classify acoustic sounds. The SNN and required feature extraction schemes are amenable to low-power subthreshold analog implementation. The results show that all analog implementations of the proposed SNN scheme achieve significant power savings over the digital implementation of the same computing scheme and other conventional digital architectures using frequency-domain feature extraction and ANN-based classification. The algorithm is tolerant of the impact of process variations, which are inevitable in analog design, owing to the approximate nature of the data processing involved in such applications. Although SNN provides low-power operation at the algorithm level, ANN to SNN conversion leads to an unavoidable loss of classification accuracy of ∼5%. We exploited the low-power operation of the analog processing SNN module by applying redundancy and majority voting, which improved the classification accuracy, taking it close to the ANN model.
Activation Versus Change as a Principle Underlying Intervention Strategies to Promote Health Behaviors
Authors: Sheeran Paschal , Suls Jerry , Bryan Angela , Cameron Linda , Ferrer Rebecca A , Klein William M P , Rothman Alexander J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Interventions are effective in promoting health behavior change to the extent that (a) intervention strategies modify targets (i.e., mechanisms of action), and (b) modifying targets leads to changes in behavior. To complement taxonomies that characterize the variety of strategies used in behavioral interventions, we outline a new principle that specifies how strategies modify targets and thereby promote behavior change. We distinguish two dimensions of targets—value (positive vs. negative) and accessibility (activation level)—and show that intervention strategies operate either by altering the value of what people think, feel, or want (target change) or by heightening the accessibility of behavior-related thoughts, feelings, and goals (target activation).

Methods and Results
We review strategies designed to promote target activation and find that nudges, cue-reminders, goal priming, the question-behavior effect, and if-then planning are each effective in generating health behavior change, and that their effectiveness accrues from heightened accessibility of relevant targets. We also identify several other strategies that may operate, at least in part, via target activation (e.g., self-monitoring, message framing, anticipated regret inductions, and habits).

Conclusions
The Activation Vs. Change Principle (AVCP) offers a theoretically grounded and parsimonious means of distinguishing among intervention strategies. By focusing on how strategies modify targets, the AVCP can aid interventionists in deciding which intervention strategies to deploy and how to combine different strategies in behavioral trials. We outline a research agenda that could serve to further enhance the design and delivery of interventions to promote target activation.
In vivo neuroimaging evidence of hypothalamic alteration in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Brown Stephanie S G , Manning Katherine E , Fletcher Paul , Holland Anthony 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prader–Willi syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder with an early phenotype characterized by neonatal hypotonia, failure to thrive, and immature genitalia. The onset of hyperphagia in childhood and developmental, physical and neuropsychiatric characteristics indicate atypical brain development and specifically hypothalamic dysfunction. Whether the latter is a consequence of disruption of hypothalamic pathways for genetic reasons or due to a failure of hypothalamic development remains uncertain. Twenty participants with Prader–Willi syndrome, 40 age-matched controls and 42 obese participants underwent structural MRI scanning. The whole hypothalamus and its subnuclei were segmented from structural acquisitions. The Food-Related Problem Questionnaire was used to provide information relating to eating behaviour. All hypothalamic nuclei were significantly smaller in the Prader–Willi group, compared with age and gender matched controls (P &lt; 0.01) with the exception of the right anterior–inferior nucleus (P = 0.07). Lower whole hypothalamus volume was significantly associated with higher body mass index in Prader–Willi syndrome (P &lt; 0.05). Increased preoccupation with food was associated with lower volumes of the bilateral posterior nuclei and left tubular superior nucleus. The whole hypothalamus and all constituent nuclei were also smaller in Prader–Willi syndrome compared with obese participants (P &lt; 0.001). Connectivity profiles of the hypothalamus revealed that fractional anisotropy was associated with impaired satiety in Prader–Willi syndrome (P &lt; 0.05). We establish that hypothalamic structure is significantly altered in Prader–Willi syndrome, demonstrating that hypothalamic dysfunction linked to eating behaviour is likely neurodevelopmental in nature and furthermore, distinctive compared with obesity in the general population.
Qualitative Subgenomic RNA to Monitor the Response to Remdesivir in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Impact on the Length of Hospital Stay and Mortality
Authors: Alonso-Navarro Rodrigo , Cuesta Genoveva , Santos Marta , Cardozo Celia , Rico Verónica , Garcia-Pouton Nicole , Tuset Montse , Bodro Marta , Morata Laura , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro , Herrera Sabina , Soria Dafne , Aldea Marta , Mensa Josep , Martínez José Antonio , del Rio Ana , Vila Jordi , Garcia Felipe , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Marcos M Angeles , Soriano Alex 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There is no reliable microbiological marker to guide the indication and the response to antiviral treatment in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the dynamics of subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) in patients with COVID-19 before and after receiving treatment with remdesivir.

Methods
We included consecutive patients admitted for COVID-19 who received remdesivir according to our institutional protocol and accepted to participate in the study. A nasopharyngeal swab for quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was collected at baseline and after 3 and 5 days of treatment with remdesivir. Genomic and sgRNA were analyzed in those samples and main comorbidities and evolution were collected for the analyses. The main outcomes were early discharge (≤10 days) and 30-day mortality.

Results
A total of 117 patients were included in the study, of whom 24 had a negative sgRNA at baseline, with 62.5% (15/24) receiving early discharge (≤10 days) and no deaths in this group. From the 93 remaining patients, 62 had a negative sgRNA at day 5 with 37/62 (59.6%) with early discharge and a mortality rate of 4.8% (3/62). In the subgroup of 31 patients with positive sgRNA after 5 days of remdesivir, the early discharge rate was 29% (9/31) and the mortality rate was 16.1% (5/31). In multivariable analyses, the variables associated with early discharge were negative sgRNA at day 3 and not needing treatment with corticosteroids or intensive care unit admission.

Conclusions
Qualitative sgRNA could help in monitoring the virological response in patients who receive remdesivir. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: the need for adjusting experimental models to meet clinical reality
Authors: Lezoualc’h Frank , Badimon Lina , Baker Hana , Bernard Monique , Czibik Gabor , de Boer Rudolf A , D’Humières Thomas , Kergoat Micheline , Kowala Mark , Rieusset Jennifer , Vilahur Gemma , Détrait Maximin , Watson Chris , Derumeaux Geneviève A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (CM), occurring in the absence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular or congenital heart disease, is now recognized as a distinct, multifactorial disease leading to ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal myocardial contractility that correlates with an array of complex molecular and cellular changes. Animal models provide the unique opportunity to investigate mechanistic aspects of diabetic CM, but important caveats exist when extrapolating findings obtained from preclinical models of diabetes to humans. Indeed, animal models do not recapitulate the complexity of environmental factors, most notably the duration of the exposure to insulin resistance that may play a crucial role in the development of diabetic CM. Moreover, most preclinical studies are performed in animals with uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes, whereas patients tend to undergo therapeutic intervention. Finally, whilst type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence trajectory mainly increases at 40- &lt; 75 years (with a currently alarming increase at younger ages, however), it is a legitimate concern how closely rodent models employing young animals recapitulate the disease developing in old people. The aim of this review is to identify the current limitations of rodent models and to discuss how future mechanistic and preclinical studies should integrate key confounding factors to better mimic the diabetic CM phenotype.
Dose-dependent relationship of blood pressure and glycaemic status with risk of aortic dissection and aneurysm
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Yano Yuichiro , Okada Akira , Itoh Hidetaka , Ueno Kensuke , Matsuoka Satoshi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Yokota Isao , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Data on the dose-dependent association of blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level with the risk of aortic dissection (AD) and aortic aneurysm (AA) are limited.

Methods and results
This observational cohort study included 3 358 293 individuals registered in a health checkup and claims database in Japan [median age, 43 (36–51) years; 57.2% men]. Individuals using BP- or glucose-lowering medications or those with a history of cardiovascular disease were excluded. In a mean follow-up period of 1 199 ± 950 days, 1 095 and 2 177 cases of AD and AA, respectively, were recorded. Compared with normal/elevated BP, hazard ratios (HRs) of Stage 1 and Stage 2 hypertension were 1.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–2.22] and 5.87 (95% CI: 5.03–6.84) for AD and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.23–1.52) and 2.17 (95% CI: 1.95–2.42) for AA, respectively. Compared with normal FPG level, HRs of prediabetes and diabetes were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.94) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33–0.71) for AD and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85–1.03) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.47–0.79) for AA, respectively. The cubic spline demonstrated that the risk of AD and AA increased with increasing BP but decreased with increasing FPG level. Contour plots using generalized additive models showed that higher systolic BP and lower FPG level were associated with an elevated risk of AD and AA.

Conclusions
Our analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in the risk of AD or AA associated with BP and a similar decrease associated with FPG, and also suggested a potential interaction between hypertension and hyperglycaemia in the development of AD and AA.
Trans*versal Afterlives of Comedy: The Queer Arab Plays of Raphaël Amahl Khouri
Authors: Fernández-Carbajal Alberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article explores No Matter Where I Go and She He Me, two plays by Raphaël Amahl Khouri, a contemporary queer and trans playwright of Arab and German heritage. After charting the histories of comedy and Arab theatre, it examines the dialogue of the two plays with Greco-Roman, Arab and German avant-garde theatre through Abraham Weil’s notion of trans*versality, a queer reformulation of Félix Guattari’s concept. It proposes that Khouri’s plays enact trans*versality thematically, by depicting characters of various gender identities and sexual orientations, and aesthetically, in their eclectic deployment of dramatic conventions from various cultural traditions. It is argued that Khouri’s comedies outgrow a Eurocentric understanding of what constitutes ‘theatre’, while they also shed light on the specific intersection of trans and queer gender identities, sexual orientations and Arab identities in a world that is keen to erase or ignore these anti-normative subject positions.
Visual Collective Memories of National Socialism: Transatlantic HIV/AIDS Activism and Discourses of Persecutions
Authors: Tremblay Sébastien 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Focusing on Bavarian policies and analysing the pages of gay and lesbian written-communication networks, this article demonstrates how a memory of the national socialist persecution of homosexualities fed a collective fear of state repression in homosexual circles in the 1980s and 1990s. It argues that comparisons between HIV/AIDS policies and National Socialism not only originated in a German national context, but were also anchored in a transatlantic story, linking queer emancipation movements in Europe and North America. It furthermore underlines how this history of queer political thought goes beyond the textual. In order to make this claim, the article traces a genealogy of the Pink Triangle in the northern transatlantic world. The symbol was originally used to brand non-heteronormative men in concentration camps, but it was recuperated in the 1970s both in Europe and in North America. AIDS activists reinterpreted the symbol for a new political context in the 1980s. All in all, using examples and analysis emanating from queer history, the article shows how the history of social movements needs to be understood in a global perspective. This analysis further proves the role of images and symbols as third idioms for the flow and translation of ideas across the Atlantic.
Associations Between Objectively Measured Sleep and Cognition: Main Effects and Interactions With Race in Adults Aged ≥50 Years
Authors: Owusu Jocelynn T , Rabinowitz Jill A , Tzuang Marian , An Yang , Kitner-Triolo Melissa , Zipunnikov Vadim , Wu Mark N , Wanigatunga Sarah K , Schrack Jennifer A , Thorpe Roland J , Simonsick Eleanor M , Ferrucci Luigi , Resnick Susan M , Spira Adam P 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined associations of actigraphy-estimated sleep parameters with concurrent and future cognitive performance in adults aged ≥ 50 years and explored interactions with race.MethodsParticipants were 435 cognitively normal adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who completed wrist actigraphy at baseline (mean = 6.6 nights) and underwent longitudinal testing of memory, attention, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability. On average, participants with follow-up data were followed for 3.1 years. Primary predictors were baseline mean total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Fully adjusted linear mixed-effects models included demographics, baseline health-related characteristics, smoking status, sleep medication use, APOE e4 carrier status, and interactions of each covariate with time.ResultsIn adjusted models, higher SE (per 10%; B = 0.11, p = .012) and lower WASO (per 30 minutes; B = −0.12, p = .007) were associated with better memory cross-sectionally. In contrast, higher SE was associated with greater visuospatial ability decline longitudinally (B = −0.02, p = .004). Greater WASO was associated with poorer visuospatial ability cross-sectionally (B = −0.09, p = .019) but slower declines in visuospatial abilities longitudinally (B = 0.02, p = .002). Several sleep-cognition cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were stronger in, or limited to, Black participants (compared to White participants).ConclusionsThis study suggests cross-sectional sleep-cognition associations differ across distinct objective sleep parameters and cognitive domains. This study also provides preliminary evidence for racial differences across some sleep-cognition relationships. Unexpected directions of associations between baseline sleep and cognitive performance over time may be attributable to the significant proportion of participants without follow-up data and require further investigation.
Adjoint-based uncertainty quantification for inhomogeneous friction on a slow-slipping fault
Authors: Ito Shin-ichi , Kano Masayuki , Nagao Hiromichi 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
Long-term slow-slip events (LSSEs) usually occur on a fault existing at the deep, shallow parts of subducting plates and substantially relate to adjacent megathrust fault motions. The dynamics of the LSSE largely depend on the inhomogeneity of friction that occurs between the fault interfaces. Thus, it is crucial to estimate the spatial-dependent frictional features from the observations of the slip motion and subsequently identify essential parts that contribute to the principal slip motion by quantifying uncertainties involved in the estimates. Although quantifying the uncertainties of the frictional feature fields in high resolution is necessary to solve the task, conventional techniques of quantifying slow earthquake frictional features have not yet achieved such uncertainty quantification (UQ) due to the complexity of LSSE models such as the large dimensionality. We, therefore, propose a method of UQ for spatially inhomogeneous frictional features from slip motion based on a 4-D variational data assimilation technique using a second-order adjoint method. The proposed method enables us to conduct an accurate UQ even when the dimensionality is large. By combining a fault motion model that mimics slow-slip motion on an LSSE fault–megathrust fault complex in southwestern Japan and the data assimilation technique, we successfully quantified the spatial distribution of the uncertainty of the frictional features in high-resolution. The evaluated spatial distribution in high-resolution reveals the correlation between the dynamics of the slow-slip motion and the important components of the frictional features, which is a valuable information for designing observation systems. Findings from this study are expected to advance the theoretical foundation of applied seismic motion prediction techniques using slow-slip frictional features as stress metres for megaquakes, as well as to improve the understanding of the relationship between the slow-slip motion and frictional parameters of a fault.