bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Solutions for Large Size Ball Valves
Authors: Ivancu Laurenţiu-Ioan , Popescu Daniela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Development of sustainable cities requires safe and efficient pipeline networks for the transportation of fluids. Ball valves are usually used to start/stop the flow of liquids or gases in pipelines, because they generate low hydraulic losses when the valve is in fully open position and no leakage in fully closed position. They are highly recommended, when quick operation is needed in emergency situations. European Union and United States of America have implemented stringent laws to regulate the standards of small and medium size pipeline components. Design parameters may require large size valves that are not in the focus of the present standards and in this case, individual solutions are needed.
In this work, a methodology to design ball valves that are not in the standardized series is step by step presented. The case study of a Trunnion ball valve with a 900 mm bore diameter is discussed. The standard API 6D/ ISO 14313 recommends design methods for valves with face-to-face dimension between flanges for diameters up to DN900, therefore the proposed methodology is original.
A Review on Treating Tribological Problems with Fractals
Authors: Lăpuşteanu Alexandru , Paleu Viorel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fractals and chaos theory provide means of modeling dynamic changes in micro and nano topography on friction surfaces caused by various tribological mechanisms and processes. Friction and wear phenomena in tribological systems can be interpreted on a macroscopic scale. With the development of miniaturized scale and nanoscale systems, it has been launched the hypothesis that macro-level systems cannot reflect the microscale and nanoscale phenomena. A conclusive case is given by the calculation of frictional torque in microscale orientation, in this situation being found that models created by bearing producers cannot validate experimental results. By applying the “box-counting” method, it is possible to estimate the fractal dimension both directly and indirectly by comparing the area-perimeter-scale relations. Based on scaling equations, a system was created for this operation. The conclusion is that all existing theories in tribology should be adapted to take into account fractal size and fractal roughness.
Considerations on Classification of the Main Components of the Vehicles By their Vibroacoustic Fingerprint
Authors: Niţu Nicolae-Adrian , Bujoreanu Carmen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The modern car industry is evolving under new premises, such as new propulsion technology, which imply offering to the customer the completed new solutions (charging station, service contract and remote diagnosis). Proven diagnostic technology is reaching its limits because is generally based on detecting the electrical faults and the mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic failures have a slight degree of detection by this method. An alternative method of diagnosis could be the study of actual noise and vibration parameters of the main components of the vehicle subject to major faults and compare them to that specific to good status of operation. This paper deals with the classification of the main components of the vehicles by their vibroacoustic fingerprint. Those components of the vehicle grouped by vehicle category and their common patterns of vibroacoustic fingerprints must be permanently overseen and compare with those assigned to the status of good health for diagnosis.
Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of RF9 optimization with mass spectrometry verification
Authors: Orocz Marta , Hartman Kinga , Smoluch Marek , Silberring Jerzy , Mielczarek Przemyslaw 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The RF9 compound, which is an antagonist of the FF neuropeptide receptors is used as a therapeutic substance to improve the effectiveness of opioids in the chronic treatment of pain. The purpose of this study was to find the most efficient method of RF9 synthesis. The optimization experiment involved solid-phase peptide synthesis. The Fmoc strategy is based on the usage of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group to block reactive amino groups. Commonly applied RF9 synthesis is based on DIC/HOBt activation of 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid prior to its substitution. The experiments carried out in this research were based on the routinely applied DIC/HOBt carboxylic group activation and this scheme was compared with the COMU/DIPEA and DIC approach. The obtained results showed that COMU/DIPEA was the most efficient and effective method of RF9 synthesis. Using this strategy, pure compound was obtained, without any by-products, and at a highest yield. The use of COMU/DIPEA can be an excellent alternative to the routinely used RF9 synthesis.
The recent guidelines for pharmacotherapy of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Karabin Tomasz , Biala Grazyna , Kruk-Slomka Marta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most frequent disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). PD is an age-related disease in that morbidity increases with age. The main symptoms of it are motor symptoms like bradykinesia, rigidity and resting tremor. These symptoms diminish the comfort of the patient’s life and may lead to immobility. Hence, rapid diagnosis and start of treatment are very important.
The pharmacotherapy of PD is difficult. PD involves an imbalance between the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Therefore, the mechanisms of action of currently available drugs are highly connected with the pathology of PD, and follow dopaminergic or anticholinergic control strategies. However, long-term use of many PD medications comes with serious side effects. Therefore, the search for new, more effective drugs involving different strategies to that current and having different targets is still on-going.
Experimental study of the antiulcer effect of cryopreserved placenta extract on a model of acetylsalicylic acid-induced ulcerogenesis
Authors: Hladkykh Fedir Vol. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction. The gastrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is a leading side effect that significantly limits their clinical use, among other types of their toxicity (nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, etc.). Cryopreserved placenta extract has drawn our attention as a potential modifier of the ulcerogenic action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Aim. To characterize the cytoprotective properties of cryopreserved placenta extract by the condition of the mucous membrane of the proximal (esophagus and stomach) and distal (small and large intestine) parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract on the model of ASA-induced ulcerogenesis.

Material and methods. The study was performed using 28 male rats weighing 200-220 g. Subchronic ASA-induced ulcerogenesis of the digestive tract was reproduced by intragastrically administration to rats of ASA in a dose of 150 mg/kg. The effect of the studied drugs on the condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract was assessed macroscopically by the following criteria: edema, redness and hemorrhage on the surface of the mucous membrane. The ulcer index for each group of animals was calculated.

Results and discussion. Five doses of ASA 150 mg/kg cause damage to the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines in all of the rats. The use of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole has pronounced gastrocytoprotective properties, but does not affect the ulcerogenic effect in the small intestine, and in the colon, it enhances it. This is indicated by ulcerative lesions of the colon in 57.1% of all rats administered ASA and esomeprazole, as well as in the folding of the gastric mucosa. In contrast, mild hyperemia of the gastric mucosa was seen in 28.6% of all rats and moderate hemorrhage in 57.1% of all rats due to the combined use of ASA and cryoextract placenta.

Conclusions. The use of cryopreserved placenta extract is statistically significantly (p <0.05) inferior to the antiulcer activity of esomeprazole in the stomach. Thus, the ulcer index on the background of the use of ASA and cryopreserved placenta extract was 0.97, and on the background of the use of ASA and esomeprazole – 0.39. In the distal parts of the GI tract cryoextract placenta showed cytoprotective properties against the background of induced ASA ulcerogenesis, in contrast to esomeprazole.
Experimental and Numerical Stress State Assesment in Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding Joints
Authors: Gadalińska Elżbieta , Kubit Andrzej , Trzepieciński Tomasz , Moneta Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) is a technology used for joining solid materials that was developed in Germany in 2002 by GKSS-GmbH as a variant of the conventional friction stir spot welding (FSSW) [1]. In the RFSSW technology, the welding tool consists of a fixed outer part and rotating inner parts, which are called a pin and a sleeve. The tool for RFSSW is designed to plasticize the material of the parts to be joined by means of a rotary movement. The design of the tool allows independent vertical movement of both elements of the welding tool. This allows obtaining spot welds without creating holes that could weaken the structure. The main advantage of RFSSW is the potential for replacing the technologies that add weight to the structure or create discontinuities, such as joining with screws or rivets. Thus, RFSSW has great potential in the automotive, shipbuilding and aviation industries. Furthermore, the technology can be used to join different materials that could not be connected using other joining methods. The main objective of this work is to understand the physical and mechanical aspects of the RFSSW method – including the residual stress state inside the weld and around the joint. The results of the investigations can help to determine optimal parameters that could increase the strength and fatigue performance of the joint and to prove the significant advantage of RFSSW connections over other types of joints. The work assumes the correlation of two mutually complementary investigation methods: numerical analyses and experimental studies carried out with diffraction methods. The comparison between numerical and experimental results makes potentially possible the determination of degree of fatigue degradation of the material by observing the macroscopic stress state and the broadening of the diffraction peak width (FWHM), which is an indicator of the existence of micro-stress related to the dislocation density and grain size.
Application of Laboratory Diffraction Methods in Characterization of Elements Made By Additive SLM Methods – State of the Art
Authors: Gadalińska Elżbieta , Pawliszak Łukasz , Moneta Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The greatest challenge of widely developed incremental manufacturing methods today is to obtain, as a result of the manufacturing process, such components that will have acceptable strength properties from the point of view of a given application. These properties are indirectly determined by three key characteristics: the level of surface residual stress, the roughness of the component and its porosity. Currently, the efforts of many research groups are focused on the problem of optimizing the parameters of incremental manufacturing so as to achieve the appropriate level of compressive residual stress, the lowest possible porosity and the lowest possible roughness of parts obtained by 3D methods. It is now recognized that determining the level of these three parameters is potentially possible using experimental X-ray diffraction methods. The use of this type of radiation, admittedly, is only used to characterize the surface layer of elements, but its undoubted advantage is its easy availability and relatively low cost compared to experiments carried out using synchrotron or neutron radiation.
Certification of Testing Laboratories – The Basis of Reliability Among Research Vendors in Aviation
Authors: Wichniarz Marzena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Material characterization and assessment is a crucial stage in most of aviation and aeronautical research and a basis for further design and testing of more complex aircraft elements and structures. Material test’s reliability can only be guaranteed by conducting them at independent and reliable laboratories, operating based on a management system assessed by a third-party such as the accreditation according to the ISO / IEC 17025 or NADCAP or having the qualification of the second-party based on specific customer requirements. This paper introduces basic requirements for material testing laboratories according to accreditation systems and describes its responsibilities as qualified and reliable testing suppliers.
Research on Hovercraft – Fatigue Cracks in the Engine Frame
Authors: Szafran Krzysztof Stanisław , Michalczyk Marcin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rescue patrol hovercrafts must meet the basic condition – high reliability of use in extreme conditions. The introduction to the work shows damage to the propulsion system and the fan tunnel structure resulting from a fatigue fracture of the attachment wound to the propulsion unit hull. In this paper, the author describes some ways of improving the engine frame structure. In the first phase of the exploitation crack testing of the hovercraft frame, the probable causes of damage were determined. The necessary output data for analysis of the load course were obtained from the operating documentation. The approximate number of variable load cycles acting on the frame truss rod was determined. Using the comparative testing methods, the service life of the frame was estimated. Probable resonance frequencies of the vibrating bars in the truss were determined. Vibration tests of the power transmission assemblies were carried out, which allowed to determine the amplitudes and frequencies of free vibrations. Finally, a modification of the frame shifting the resonant frequency range was proposed. In conclusions, changes to the design and a schedule of inspections were proposed. The newly designed engine frame should have an extended service life.
Epigenetic Alterations in Depression and Treatment Perspectives
Authors: Bai Luyan 
Published: July 2022

The global incidence of depression is progressively on the rise and tends to occur more in younger generations, however the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. Meanwhile, epigenetics is a modification which produces heritable alterations in the DNA sequence, which ultimately manifest in phenotypic differences. It has been suggested that the onset and development of depression can be tentatively explained by the combination of epigenetic and environmental factors. This paper reviews epigenetic changes in depression in the context of environmental factors, including DNA methylation modifications, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation. An epigenetic-based therapeutic outlook was also proposed in this paper, which initially elucidates the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of depressions and provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of depression.
Correlation Analysis Between BDNF and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats
Authors: Zhang Yuming , Wang Hui , Chen Fang , Wang Jun , Bai Ning 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To investigate the relationship between BDNF and postoperative cognitive dysfunction among aged rats. Methods: 36 SPF healthy aged male SD rats were randomly assigned to a control group and a model group, respectively, with 18 rats in each group. Abdominal exploration was performed on the rats in the model group after anesthesia, while the rats in the control group were not operated on after anesthesia. The escape latency and swimming distance of the two groups were analyzed on a day prior to surgery as well as on the first day, third day, and seventh day following surgery; the expression levels of BDNF protein in the hippocampus of rats in the two groups were compared on the first day, third day, and seventh day following surgery; the correlation between BDNF and escape latency and swimming distance was analyzed. Results: The escape latency and swimming distance of the rats in the control group on a day prior to surgery, the first day, third day, and seventh day following surgery did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), but those in the model group had significant behavioral difference (p < 0.05). On a day prior to surgery, the rats in both groups showed no significant behavioral difference in escape latency and swimming distance (p > 0.05), but on the first day, third day, and seventh day following surgery, the escape latency and swimming distance of the rats in the model group were significantly longer than those in the control group (p < 0.05). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the protein expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of rats on the first day, third day, and seventh day following surgery, but there was significant difference in the model group. On the first day, third day, and seventh day following surgery, the BDNF protein expression level in the rats’ hippocampus of the control group was significantly higher than that of the model group (p < 0.05). The data from Pearson correlation analysis confirmed that BDNF protein expression is negatively correlated with escape latency (r = -0.567, p < 0.001) and swimming distance (r = -0.623, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In aged rats, the BDNF protein expression level decreases, and the degree of cognitive dysfunction increases after surgery.
New variety of winter triticale Zubr
Authors: Dyatchuk Тaisiya Ivanovna , Akinina Victoria Nikolaevna , Zhilin Stepan Vladimirovich , Khomyakova Olesya Viktorovna , Barnashova Ekaterina Konstantinovna , Kalashnikova Ella Vyacheslavovna , Kulikova Veronika Pavlovna 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the work is to create a drought-resistant, highly productive variety of winter triticale for the arid conditions of the Volga region. The article presents the main methods of creating and studying a new variety of winter hexaploid triticale Zubr. Breeding work on the creation of variety Zubr was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization “Federal Center of Agriculture Research of South-East Region”. The variety was selected by the method of intervarietal hybridization within the genus Triticale, followed by a single individual selection from hybrid population F7 Strelez /Student. The characteristics of the variety according to the most important economically valuable traits are given in comparison with the varieties Student and Valentin 90, approved for the use in the 8th region of the Russian Federation of the state register of breeding achievements. Grain can be used for animal feed in the form of fodder. The increase in grain yield to the standard variety Student on average over the years of study was 9.6 c/ha and to the Valentin 90 – 2.0 c/ha. The high yield of the variety is formed due to the high mass of 1000 grains, the number and weight of grain per spike as main characteristics in the breeding for drought resistance. The laboratory study also confirmed the high drought resistance of the Zubr variety. Cell membrane permeability, as an indirect indicator of drought resistance, had the lowest value in the new cultivar among 70 samples of the world collection. The new variety forms the completed grain (actual weight is 722g/l). The new cultivar and standards did not differ in the crude protein content in the grain (13.3-13.4%). In terms of the fall number, as an indirect indicator of resistance to pre-harvest grain germination, the new variety is inferior to standard varieties.
Collection of virus-containing allantoic fluid and release of hemagglutinin from hatching eggs of chickens of various crosses in the production of the influenza vaccine "Ultrix/Ultrix Quadri"
Authors: Vandyshev Pavel Evganievich 
Published: July 2022

. For the first time, the results of the analysis of the collection of virus-containing allantoic fluid are presented and the yield of hemagglutinin from the stages of collection and acceptance of virus-containing allantoic fluid is analyzed. For the production of the influenza vaccine “Ultrix/Ultrix Quadri, hatching” eggs were obtained from chickens of various crosses. The biomaterial was taken from crosses of domestic and foreign production: Rhodonite-3, Hisex brown, Dekalb white, Belarus brown, and Belarus autosex. The influenza vaccine "Ultrix/Ultrix Quadri" was obtained at the biopharmaceutical factory FORT (Ryazan region). In the course of the research it was found out that the yield of virus-containing allantoic fluid was not the same over the years. Among the studied crosses, the leading position was taken by Rhodonite-3. From one chick embryo, 8.30–8.83 ml of such a liquid was obtained, which is 25.8% higher compared to other crosses. This trend continued throughout the years studied. A similar result was obtained with respect to hemagglutenin. It has been established that the Rhodonite-3 cross has optimal characteristics in comparison with the Hisex brown, Dekalp white, Belarus brown, Belarus autosex crosses.
The implementation of a guided inquiry model assisted by visual media to improve students learning outcomes on digestive system learning materials
Authors: Putri Marisa Cantika , Martini Martini 
Published: July 2022

This research aimed to determine the influence and the effectiveness of the guided inquiry model assisted by visual media to improve students' learning outcomes. This research used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subject is 12 class VIII students in one public Junior High School in Sidoarjo. The instrument and data collection techniques are pretest-posttest. The data analysis techniques were learning implementation analysis and learning outcomes analysis using the Wilcoxon test and normalized gain score. The results showed that the percentage of the learning implementation for the first and second meetings was very good. The average N-Gain score was 0,60, which was in the medium category. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the guided inquiry model assisted by visual media can improve students' learning outcomes.
Docking Based Identification of Bioactive Diosmin as Potential Multi-Targeted Anti SARS-Cov-2 Agent
Authors: Panigrahi Debadash , Behera Basant Kumar , Sahu Susanta Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The pandemic COVID-19, caused by the organism severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the family Coronoviridae has become a serious global healthcare crisis. The biggest demand of the present time is to develop efficacious medication for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we performed the interaction of 50 flavonoids selected from the Pubchem database, with five efficacious protein targets for SARS-CoV-2: main protease (Mpro), spike glycoprotein-receptor binding domain (SGp-RBD), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and non-structural protein15 (NSP15, an endonuclease). All the work involve in the present study was accomplished by using Maestro 12.4 (Schrodinger Suite) to obtain the docking scores and ADME-T study result of selected ligands with the five effective target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking-based results indicated that diosmin has the most favorable docking scores -10.16, -11.52, -9.75, -11.25 and -10.25 kcal/mol for the Mpro, SGp-RBD, ACE-2, RdRp and NSP-15 protein targets and had acceptable drug suitability as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19. The structure of this compound can be further useful to medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, and clinicians for efficiently discovering or developing effective drugs to cure COVID-19.