bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drones: Designed for Product Delivery, Revisited
Authors: Bamburry Dane 
Published: August 2022

By 2030, the drone delivery market is expected to grow $5.5 billion, which is an increase from the $238 million expected by the end of this year.5Are drones up to the challenge of alleviating the supply chain issues world economies are facing? What, if any, progress has been made in the past seven years?
Circum‐Arctic distribution of chemical anti‐herbivore compounds suggests biome‐wide trade‐off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs
Authors: Lindén Elin , te Beest Mariska , Abreu Ilka N. , Moritz Thomas , Sundqvist Maja K. , Barrio Isabel C. , Boike Julia , Bryant John P. , Bråthen Kari Anne , Buchwal Agata , Bueno C. Guillermo , Cuerrier Alain , Egelkraut Dagmar D. , Forbes Bruce C. , Hallinger Martin , Heijmans Monique , Hermanutz Luise , Hik David S. , Hofgaard Annika , Holmgren Milena , Huebner Diane C. , Høye Toke T. , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Kaarlejärvi Elina , Kissler Emilie , Kumpula Timo , Limpens Juul , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Normand Signe , Post Eric , Rocha Adrian V. , Schmidt Niels Martin , Skarin Anna , Soininen Eeva M. , Sokolov Aleksandr , Sokolova Natalia , Speed James D. M. , Street Lorna , Tananaev Nikita , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre , Urbanowicz Christine , Watts David A. , Zimmermann Heike , Olofsson Johan 
Published: August 2022

Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top–down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non‐resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the circum‐Arctic variation in defence compounds is explained by taxa or defence functional groups (resinous/non‐resinous). We measured circum‐Arctic chemical defence and leaf digestibility in resinous (Betula glandulosa, B. nana ssp. exilis) and non‐resinous (B. nana ssp. nana, B. pumila) shrub birches to see how they vary among and within taxa and functional groups. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomic analyses and in vitro leaf digestibility via incubation in cattle rumen fluid, we analysed defence composition and leaf digestibility in 128 samples from 44 tundra locations.We found biogeographical patterns in anti‐herbivore defence where mean leaf triterpene concentrations and twig resin gland density were greater in resinous taxa and mean concentrations of condensing tannins were greater in non‐resinous taxa. This indicates a biome‐wide trade‐off between triterpene‐ or tannin‐dominated defences. However, we also found variations in chemical defence composition and resin gland density both within and among functional groups (resinous/non‐resinous) and taxa, suggesting these categorisations only partly predict chemical herbivore defence. Complex tannins were the only defence compounds negatively related to in vitro digestibility, identifying this previously neglected tannin group as having a potential key role in birch anti‐herbivore defence.We conclude that circum‐Arctic variation in birch anti‐herbivore defence can be partly derived from biogeographical distributions of birch taxa, although our detailed mapping of plant defence provides more information on this variation and can be used for better predictions of herbivore effects on Arctic vegetation.
Behind the curtain: How did women's work history vary across Central and Eastern Europe?
Authors: Pérez‐Izquierdo Telmo , Pronkina Elizaveta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the differences in female work experience across Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). We use retrospective SHARELIFE data to analyse women's work history from 1950 to 1990. We provide descriptive evidence that women's work experience varied across CEECs. Furthermore, we argue that comparing the former provinces of the Russian Empire in Lithuania and Poland provides a natural experiment, allowing us to disentangle the effect of the differential implementation of the Soviet regime from the pre‐existing differences. We find that during communism, Lithuanian women worked 2 years more by age 50 relative to their Polish counterparts. This effect is one‐third of that found in the East–West Germany comparison. We propose several potential mechanisms behind this finding: the degree of land collectivization, the Church's influence and the sectoral composition. Accordingly, this study's findings highlight the importance of country differences in CEECs.
COVID‐19: Vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Danish Fazal‐i‐Akbar , Rabani Ahmad Ehsan , Subhani Fazal‐e‐Rabi , Yasmin Saeeda , Koul Salman Shafi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn late February 2021, a prothrombotic syndrome was encountered for the first time in some of the recipients of ChAdOx1 CoV‐19 vaccine (AstraZeneca, University of Oxford, and Serum Institute of India). Since the hallmark of this syndrome is the development of thrombocytopenia and/or thrombosis between 4 and 42 days after receiving a COVID‐19 vaccine, it was named vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Other names include “vaccine‐induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia” and “thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome” by the Centers for Disease Control and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). VITT appears similar to heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in that “platelet activating” autoantibodies are produced in both these conditions due to prior exposure of COVID‐19 vaccine and heparin respectively, in turn causing thrombotic complications and consumptive thrombocytopenia. In this article, recent advances in the understanding of pathobiology, clinical features, investigative work‐up, and management of VITT are reviewed.
A comparison of four leukapheresis methods to harvest an optimal dose of CD34+ cells: A single center experience
Authors: Lin Yuankai , Park Youngmin , Khanal Amit , Campbell‐Lee Sally , Liu Li , Chen Zhengjia , Patel Pritesh , Vidanovic Vladimir , Sweiss Karen , Irene Grace , Peace David , Rondelli Damiano , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemokine receptor CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor (Px) as well as high volume (HV) leukapheresis have been shown to reduce hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization failure rates. However, no direct comparisons of such methods currently exists.Methods and MaterialsWe compared the HSPC collection yield based on basal peripheral blood CD34+ cell numbers in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma or non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation in a retrospective chart review. The leukapheresis methods used included HV versus regular volume (RV) with or without Px. There were 116 patients in the study group while the historical control group had 34 patients.Results and ConclusionsControl group underwent RV leukapheresis without Px. Addition of Px or HV in the study group failed to display significant improvement in CD34+ cell collection yield; however, when basal CD34+ cell numbers were taken into account, both Px + RV and HV without Px increased CD34+ cell collection yield. The collection failure rates of HV without Px group were comparable to Px + RV when the basal CD34+ cell numbers were over 20/μl. Of interest, multivariate linear regression analysis did not detect any significant difference between HV versus Px + RV or other leukapheresis methods in CD34 yields or collection failure rates from a single collection after controlling for other factors (sex, age, or underlying disease). In multivariate analysis, pre apheresis CD34+ cell number was significantly and positively associated with the CD34+ cell yields from a single apheresis. In our studies, the majority of patients can be rescued without Px by HV alone as a potential cost saving approach. In summary, trend in our studies reflects that both Px and HV are capable of reducing the mobilization failure rates except the poorest mobilizers, which will need to be validated in larger studies.
Multiaxial fatigue evaluation of type 316L stainless steel based on critical plane and energy dissipation
Authors: Feng Ensheng , Wang Xiaogang , Jiang Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on a comparative study of the critical plane approach (CPA) and the dissipated energy approach (DEA) for multiaxial fatigue evaluation on an AISI 316L steel. It is a follow‐up to our previous study on the development of a DEA model for multiaxial fatigue life prediction. The results demonstrate that the developed DEA model can provide overall better performance compared with some classic CPA models both in terms of prediction accuracy and versatility to multiaxial loading paths. An in‐depth crack mechanism investigation reveals that the multiaxial fatigue life is mostly spent in the formation of micro‐cracks, which exhibits distinct characteristics under the different loading paths examined. This effect can be better considered by using DEA model compared with the CPA models adopted.
Is restricting catch to young sharks only more sustainable? Exploring a controversial management strategy for bull, tiger, blue and bonnethead sharks
Authors: de Barros Matheus Souza Ferreira , de Oliveira Cícero Diogo Lins , da Silva Batista Vandick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProper management of shark populations is an immediate concern due to their high vulnerability. In this study, we applied stochastic demographic models for four shark species (bull shark Carcharhinus leucas, tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier, blue shark Prionace glauca and bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo) to test how population growth behaved under different exploitation scenarios, such as the exclusion of older sharks from fisheries. Populations grew at considerably slow rates when unfished, except for P. glauca. When fisheries targeted all individuals, populations started to decline at generally very low fishing mortality and harvest rates. Conversely, when adult individuals were excluded from fisheries, population resiliency increased despite higher fishing pressures, with no negative growth rates even if harvest levels were doubled. This study indicates that conservation of these species may benefit from protecting adult stocks.
Spatio‐temporal changes in the speed of canopy development and senescence in temperate China
Authors: Piao Shilong , Wang Jiawei , Li Xiangyi , Xu Hao , Zhang Yichen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChina has been suggested to be the country with the largest vegetation greenness over the last four decades. In this study, we investigated the change in the speed of canopy development and senescence as well as its linkage with climate at monthly scale across temperate China, using satellite‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2015. A significant increase in mean monthly NDVI occurred across all growing‐season months except June and November, but this greening trend was mainly contributed by the faster speed of canopy development in April and the slower speed of canopy senescence in October. The average of VNDVI (the difference in NDVI between 2 consecutive months) over temperate China is significantly increased only in April (7.75 × 10−4 year−1, p < .05) and October (4.98 × 10−4 year−1, p < .05). In contrast, VNDVI in November is significantly decreased, indicating an increasing trend in the magnitude of leaf fall in the last month of the growing season due to both increase in season maximum greenness and slower canopy senescence in October. We also found clear seasonal differences in the correlations between VNDVI and climatic factors, especially temperature. In April and October, the correlations between VNDVI and temperature were generally positive, while they were negative in June. VNDVI in spring (early growing season) and summer (middle growing season) was also positively correlated with precipitation in semiarid regions. Such seasonally distinct climatic controls on VNDVI should be considered in modelling vegetation responses to climate change. Overall, our findings can help quantify the contribution of different climatic drivers on the shifts in canopy development and senescence and better elucidate the change in vegetation greenness under future climate change.
Explaining the working mechanism of laser‐activated irrigation and its action on microbial biofilms: A high‐speed imaging study
Authors: Swimberghe Rosalie C. D. , Tzourmanas Rizos , De Moor Roeland J. G. , Braeckmans Kevin , Coenye Tom , Meire Maarten A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimLaser‐activated irrigation (LAI) using pulsed erbium lasers has been studied with regard to canal cleaning, but its working mechanism remains poorly understood. This study sought to unravel the method of action of LAI and to assess its effect on bacterial biofilms in a root canal model, by means of high‐speed imaging.MethodologyA root canal model consisting of dentine and glass walls was used. Visualization of the canal space during activation was achieved with a high‐speed camera, capturing 20‐s activation series at 50 000 frames per second. Recordings were made of canal models filled with water, models filled with water containing glass microspheres, and models with a biofilm (an undefined biofilm originating from oral samples, a 1‐week‐old Enterococcus faecalis biofilm or a 11‐day‐old multispecies biofilm) grown on the dentine walls. LAI parameters were 2940 nm, 15 Hz, 50 μs, 20 mJ and 400 μm conical tip held at orifice level. Quantitative (measurement of size, life time and timing of cavitation bubbles; velocity and amplitude of root canal content movement) and qualitative (descriptive) analysis of the intracanal events was performed using imaging software.ResultsDuring the implosion of the primary bubble, smaller cavitation bubbles emerged throughout the entire canal. This process began in the coronal canal part and continued in the apical direction. Expansion of these bubbles was followed by an implosion, and this volumetric change over a time span of a few 100 μs resulted in a very rapid vertical movement of the canal content with a mean amplitude of 900 μm. The succession of these movements with every pulse, resulted in biofilm detachment from the root canal walls and the gradual displacement of fragments coronally, until their complete removal. The pattern of the biofilm removal was the same for all groups. LAI was able to remove biofilm from the root canal models.ConclusionsThe hydrodynamic effect of LAI is based on the generation of small cavitation bubbles throughout the entire canal, far from the primary bubble. Their volumetric oscillation results in a small yet very fast vertical movement of the root canal content and local liquid streaming on each pulse, resulting in biofilm detachment and coronal displacement.
Effect of laser parameters and atmosphere in the structuring of aluminum nitride
Authors: Shao Jing , Dong Hao , Zhang Ruolan , Wang Yingming , Han Suli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe characteristics and formation mechanism of V‐shaped groove formed by laser‐activated metallization of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic under different shielding gas environments of air, nitrogen, and argon are investigated, using a novel analysis way which is based on the intensity distribution of the focused laser beam. It is found that the width of the V‐shaped groove is slightly different under different gas environments, and the depth of the V‐shaped groove is nearly the same, which means that the energy thresholds required for laser decomposition of AlN ceramic are different in various gas environments: air > nitrogen > argon, and the energy required for laser etching AlN ceramic is the same. It is also found that the nonlinearity in the curves of depth and width versus different machining parameters, which are explained in detail.
High‐entropy La(Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cr0.2Mn0.2)O3 ceramic exhibiting high emissivity and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Wang Qu , Zhang Qi , Wang Gang , Zhang Yifan , Xia Miao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel, high‐entropy, perovskite‐structured, solid solution La(Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cr0.2Mn0.2)O3 ceramic was successfully synthesized via high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The crystal structure, microstructure, infrared emissivity, and thermophysical properties were investigated. The experimental results indicated that La(Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cr0.2Mn0.2)O3 exhibited an infrared emissivity as high as .92 in the near‐infrared region of .76–2.50 μm. The thermal conductivity was 1.38–1.72 W m−1 K−1 in the temperature range of 25–1200°C.
Conductivity enhancement within garnet‐rich polymer composite electrolytes via the addition of succinonitrile
Authors: Vanita Vanita , Waidha Aamir Iqbal , Yadav Sandeep , Schneider Jörg J. , Clemens Oliver 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs) are promising alternatives to conventional organic electrolyte‐based batteries due to their higher safety and higher energy densities. Despite advantages, ASSLIBs suffer from issues like high charge transfer resistances due to the brittleness of the inorganic solid electrolyte and chemical instabilities at the lithium/electrolyte interface. Within this work, we investigate composite electrolytes (CEs) based on garnet‐type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO), polyethylene oxide, and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, prepared via a solvent‐free cryo‐milling approach in contrast to conventional solvent‐mediated synthesis. Compositions ranging from polymer‐rich to garnet‐rich systems are investigated via X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in order to determine the compatibility of the cryo‐milling process toward membrane fabrication along with the possible chemical interactions between the composite membrane components. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to study the role of ceramic to polymer weight fraction on ionic conductivity. It is shown that the addition of succinonitrile (SCN) to the garnet‐rich CEs can significantly improve the ionic conductivity compared to the SCN‐free CEs.
Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of lithium aluminate (L–A–H) and lithium aluminosilicate (L–A–S–H) gels
Authors: Simon Sebastian , Bertmer Marko , Gluth Gregor J. G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrous lithium aluminosilicate (L–A–S–H) and lithium aluminate (L–A–H) gels are candidate precursors for glass‐ceramics and ceramics with potential advantages over conventional processing routes. However, their structure before calcination remained largely unknown, despite the importance of precursor structure on the properties of the resulting materials. In the present study, it is demonstrated that L–A–S–H and L–A–H gels with Li/Al ≤ 1 can be produced via an organic steric entrapment route, while higher Li/Al ratios lead to crystallization of gibbsite or nordstrandite. The composition and the structure of the gels was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, 27Al and 29Si magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and Raman spectroscopy. Aluminium was found to be almost exclusively in six‐fold coordination in both the L–A–H and the L–A–S–H gels. Silicon in the L–A–S–H gels was mainly in Q4 sites and to a lesser extent in Q3 sites (four‐fold coordination with no Si–O–Al bonds). The results thus indicate that silica‐rich and aluminium‐rich domains formed in these gels.
Effect of Ce3+doping on phase and microwave dielectric properties of 0.94MgTiO3−0.06(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3ceramics
Authors: Shi Tong , Zhang Fan , Sun Wuyou , Li Jinrui , Bai Yu , Wang Chao , Liu Shiying , Wang Xin , Yang Yunhong , Wang Zhan jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, 0.94Mg(1‐3x/2)CexTiO3−0.06(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3(MCexT−CST, 0≤x≤0.01) composite ceramics were prepared at a low temperature of 1175°C by using the 50‐nm‐sized powders. The effects of Ce3+doping on crystalline phase, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of MCexT−CST were studied. A main ilmenite (Mg,Ce)TiO3phase and a minor perovskite (Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3phase coexist well with the appearance of impurity MgTi2O5phase in MCexT−CST. The dielectric properties of MCexT−CST are affected by the molecular polarizability, the impurity phase, and the Ce3+doping. The replacement of Mg2+by high valence Ce3+could effectively inhibit the formation of oxygen vacancy, resulting in the enhancement ofQ×f. Whenx = 0.005, MCexT−CST exhibits microwave dielectric properties with a moderateεrof 21.5, a highQ×fof 67 000 GHz, and a near‐zeroτfof −0.74 ppm/°C. The results reveal that the Ce3+substitution is a prospective approach to optimize the microwave dielectric properties of MgTiO3‐based ceramics.
eWOM processing from receiver perspective: Conceptualising the relationships
Authors: Le Tri D. , Robinson Linda J. , Dobele Angela R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) communication is considered an important source of information for consumers. In existing frameworks and empirical studies, factors that lead to eWOM influence have been categorised into three essential elements equivalent to the three elements of communication processing: source, receiver and message. eWOM requires a more elaborate form of information processing, given the many‐to‐many nature of such communications and that the types of information processing differ between novice and experienced consumers. However, there is no conceptualisation that demonstrates the relationships among the factors of eWOM from this critical information processing perspective. Further, there is limited discourse on the situation and communication channel, although the situation and platform characteristics shape the nature of communication in the digital age. This paper reports insights obtained from an extensive literature review and presents a broader categorisation encompassing the factors of source, receiver, message, situation, task involvement and channel. Research propositions and recommendations for further research into eWOM processing are offered.
Clinical triad with multi‐biopsy histopathology as a reliable diagnostic marker of mycetomas: a retrospective review from a tertiary care center
Authors: Ansari Farzana , Singh Saurabh , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Budania Anil , Bains Anupama , Nalwa Aasma , Khera Sudeep , Elhence Poonam , Patel Ankur , Yadav Taruna , Khera Pushpinder 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMycetoma is a neglected tropical infectious disease which runs a prolonged and protracted course. Microbiological confirmation is diagnostic yet unreliable due to poor sensitivity and variable availability of culture facilities in resource poor settings.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on electronic records (histopathology, microbiology, and radiology) of all patients who underwent skin biopsies with mycetoma as one of the clinical differential diagnoses from year 2016 to 2020.ResultsOut of 73 patients biopsied with a differential of mycetoma, 42 fit the clinical triad of swelling‐sinuses‐granules. After clinical, microbiological, pathological, and radiological correlation, 31 cases were of eumycetoma and seven were of actinomycetoma. Mean patient age was 37.58 ± 13.8 years with a male to female ratio 2.45 : 1 and mean disease duration of 11.31 ± 10.9 years. Histopathological findings revealed fungal hyphae in 18 cases and gram‐positive bacteria in six cases. Fungal culture was positive in 13 cases with the three commonest organisms being Madurella mycetomatis in five cases, Fusarium and Aspergillus nidulans in two cases each. X‐ray changes of soft tissue, bones, and joints were seen in 25 cases, and “dot‐in‐circle” sign was seen in eight of nine MRIs.ConclusionEumycetoma was more common than actinomycetoma in our setup, ratio being 4.43 : 1. A clinical triad of swelling, multiple sinuses and grainy discharge with any one diagnostic support (histopathology/radiology) is sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis of mycetoma in the absence of microbiological identification.