bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AC 303630 Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Insecticide Trial, 1989
Authors: Harris F. A. , Furr R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks replicated 4 times. Cotton was planted 25 May in plots 26.7 (8 rows) × 25 ft. Applications were 31 Jul, 8, 15, 25 Aug, and 1 Sep with a compressed air spray system mounted on a John Deere, model 6000 high clearance sprayer (5.5 mph, 7.3 gal/acre, 42 psi, Conejet TX-8 nozzle tips). Bollworm/tobacco budworm larval infestation and damage were observed by examination of the top 6 inches (terminal area) of 25 or 50 plants per plot for larvae, and examination of 25 or 50 squares (flower buds) for larval damage. Data are converted to larvae per 100 terminals and percent larval damage squares. One row of each plot (50 row ft) was harvested on 27 Oct with an International Harvester model 622 cotton picker.
Control of Bollworm/Budworm Complex in South Mississippi Cotton, 1991
Authors: Layton Blake , Howell Mike , Head Bob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 24 Jul using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer cahbrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray per acre through 8001 nozzle tips at 40 psi. The crop had been planted on 3 Jun on 38 inch row spacing. Plots were 8 rows wide × 50 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Counts were made at 3 and 6 DAT by examining 4 squares/plant, 25 plants per plot. A total of 0.7 inches of rain fell on the plots prior to the 3 DAT count.
Effect of Foliar Fertilizer (22%) on Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Control, 1989
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Long D. W. , Graves J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 3 treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Cotton was planted on 18 Jun with plots consisting of 4 rows (on 102 cm centers) × 19.8 m and foliar sprays were applied with a hi-clearance tractor equipped with a compressed air system calibrated with water to deliver 23.7 liters/ha (2, Teejet X-6 hollow cone nozzles/row). Treatments were applied on 30 Aug and 3 Sep, and plots were evaluated on 2 and 7 Sep. The test area had not been previously treated. Effectiveness on insect pest populations was evaluated by randomly collecting 50 fruiting forms (squares and boll) from the center 2 rows of each plot. The number of damaged fruiting forms and live worms were recorded.
Treatment Timing for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Peanut, 1991
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected insecticides applied at different times were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in 'NC 7' Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted on 13 May using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied at planting time, at early flowering time (14 Jun), at pegging time (16 Jul), or at late pegging time (12 Aug). Treatments were applied as 14-inch bands using an electrically driven, tractor-mounted Noble metering unit. At-planting bands were directed in front of the planters, then lightly soil incorporated with rolling cultivator gangs. Early flowering, pegging, and late-pegging bands were applied over rows. Early flowering and pegging treatments were lightly soil incorporated with cultivator sweeps in row middles. Late-pegging bands were not soil incorporated. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Pod injury was determined on 12 Sep from 100 randomly selected pods per plot, taken from 5 plants per plot (20 pods/plant). Percent injury was determined for mature, immature, and total pods sampled. Yield was based on digging, combining (2 Oct), drying, and weighing peanuts from the two center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Products for Control of Sorghum Webworm on Grain Sorghum, 1989
Authors: Young S. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Commercial B. thuringiensis products were evaluated against sorghum webworm in Garland Co., AR. Treatments against first to third instars were applied on 11 Sep with a backpack sprayer equipped with a 1 row boom using a single TX-10 nozzle operating at 30 psi. The volume of spray was 96 liters/ha. A randomized complete block experiment was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 4 rows with 1.08 m spacing × 30.8 m in length. Plots were separated by a 2-row buffer. Treatments were evaluated at 4 and 7 DAT. Ten heads per plot were randomly chosen from the 2 inside rows and shaken into a 9.5 liter pail. Larvae collected were counted and numbers recorded. The main minimum and maximum temperatures during the test were 16.1 and 27.8°C, respectively. No significant rainfall occurred during the period. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Velvetbean Caterpillar and Soybean Looper Control in Georgia Soybeans, 1991
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven insecticide treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling VBC and SL in soybean. In Test 1, 5 insecticides were foliar-applied on 14 Aug on 'Davis' soybeans. The field was planted on 22 May in conventionally prepared seedbeds on 36 inch row spacings at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station Bowen Farm in Tift County, GA. Individual plots were 6 rows × 100 ft long with 6 ft alleys on each end and a border row on each side. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6-ft boom (spraying 2 rows) at 40 psi that delivered 17.4 gal of formulation per acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and 2, 5, 8, 14, and 21 DAT by taking a 25-sweep sample (15-inch diam net) from a single row. In Test 2, 6 insecticides were applied on 13 Sep on 'Braxton' soybeans that were planted on 1 Jun in conventional 36 inch rows at the Gibbs Farm in Tift County. Plots were 6 rows wide by 20 ft long with 6-ft alleys on each end and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The spray concentrates were applied at a rate of 17.4 gal/acre as described in Test 1. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and 4, 7, and 14 DAT by taking a 20-sweep sample from a single row. The numbers of VBC, SL, stink bugs, and arthropod predators (spiders, nabids, and bigeyed bugs) were recorded and analyzed using an ANOVA and DMRT (P = 0.05).
Bean Leaf Beetle and Potato Leafhopper Control on Soybean, 1991
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , Helm C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted at the University of Illinois Foundation Shaw Farm near Urbana to evaluate the effect of selected insecticides on bean leaf beetles and potato leafhoppers damaging soybean. The indirect effects of insecticide treatments on selected natural enemies and soybean pod weight and yield were also assessed. Plots consisted of drilled soybeans 8 rows × 50-ft long, 30-inch row spacing. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractormounted boom and compressed air delivery system to deliver 30 gal/acre at 50 psi through TSXS-8 hollow cone nozzles (3/row). Treatments were applied on 15 Aug when soybean was at the R4 stage of growth. Insect samples were taken at 4, 10, 15, and 20 DAT using 25 sweeps per plot with a 15-inch-diam sweep net. For pod damage and weight assessments, 10 plants were collected from each plot on 25, 29 Aug, and 4 Sep. Pods were separated from the plants and weighed. Randomly selected pods (200/plot) were examined for injury by BLB adults. For yield determination, 2 center rows in each plot were harvested with a HEGE 125 small plot combine on 21 Oct. Beans were cleaned of inert material, and seed weights were adjusted to 13% moisture.
Control of Velvetbean Caterpillar on Soybean, 1991
Authors: Wier A. T. , Mink J. S. , Thomas J. D. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small plot insecticide screening trials were conducted in Iberville Parish at St. Gabriel Research Station to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides for control of VBC. In Test 1, plots measuring 15.24 m × 4 rows (0.91 m row spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor and CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.6 liters per ha at 1.12 kg/cm2 through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Treatments were applied on 12 Sep to 'Hartz 9791' soybeans in the R5 growth stage. Posttreatment samples consisting of 2 sets of 25 sweeps (38.2 cm diam sweep net) were taken at 2 and 7 DAT. In Test 2, plot size, experimental design, number of replications, application equipment, application date, and sprayer pressure and output were identical to those in Test 1. Treatments were applied to 'Centennial' soybeans. Posttreatment samples were taken at 2, 7, and 14 DAT. Rainfall amounts measured were 0.23, 0.64, and 0.38 cm on 16, 24, 25 Sep, respectively.
Spray Threshold Evaluation for Mexican Rice Borer on Sugarcane, 1991
Authors: Meagher R. L. , Saldana R. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field of 1st ratoon sugarcane, cultivar TCP 81- 3058', located in Hidalgo County, near Santa Rosa, TX, was sprayed at different action thresholds for control of MRB. The field was sectioned into plots of 32 rows (152.4-cm centers) × 338.9 m, with the 11 treated rows in the center. Insecticide treatments were randomly assigned to plots in a complete block design with 4 replications. Each treatment was aerially applied to the crop canopy on 16.8-m swath widths (11 rows) at a rate of 18.9 liters finished formulation (insecticide + water + ValBuff at 2 pt/100 gal) per acre. Prespray counts of infested leafsheaths from randomly-collected stalks (25 stalks/replication, 100 stalks/treatment) were made 28 May. Azinphosmethyl treatments (Guthion 2 L at 0.75 lb [AI]/acre were applied beginning 4 June and continued through the season (19 Jun, 4, 18, 31 July, 14, 29 Aug, and 5 Sep) after leafsheath infestations exceeded 10%, 20%, or a sliding action threshold (10% for first 3 applications, 20% thereafter). Postspray samples of bored internodes (25 stalks/replication, 100 stalks/treatment) were taken 16 Jul and 2 Oct to evaluate injury levels.
Budworm and Hornworm Control in Tobacco, 1991
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Padgett Marion L. , Delano Taylor J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco, 'CV K-326", was transplanted on 28 Mar at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines. A pre-plant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied: Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and mole cricket control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots 4 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) by 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Because budworm and hornworm populations were low at this test site during the regular growing season, all plots were cropped in early Jun and one main sucker was allowed to regrow. On 21 Jun, 9 insecticide treatments (plus an untreated control) were applied to the center 2 rows of selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three TX- 12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 28.6 gal/acre at 40 psi. Each treatment was reapplied on 8 Jul. Prior to the initial application, and 3, 7, and 12 d after the first spray and 3, 7, and 14 d after the second spray, the number of live budworms and hornworms was recorded per 8 plants on row 2 of each plot. The number of live aphids also was recorded from the 8-plant samples on these dates. All data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT (P=0.05).
First Generation White Apple Leafhopper Control, 1991
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Experimental units were single trees. Replicates were blocked on the basis of pretreatment counts. Leafhopper population densities were evaluated by counting nymphs on 20 leaves per tree (counts were made in situ). Post-treatment counts were made at weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on 15 May. Nymphal instar distribution on the day of application was 35%, 41%, 19%, 4%, and 1% in instars I to V, respectively. Applications were made to the point of drip with a handgun operating at 300 psi.
Army Cutworm Control on Hard Red Winter Wheat, 1991
Authors: Coppock S. , Doss M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a field of'Chisholm' wheat located in Noble County which had been planted on 6 Oct 1990. Pretreatment sampling indicated an infestation level of 2.17 larvae/linear row ft. Treatments were applied 28 Feb using a ground rig which was calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 20 psi, traveling 3.5 mph. Plots were 15 × 100 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The no. of army cutworm larvae/row ft was determined by examining soil and plant material in 3 subsamples per plot. Each subsample consisted of 6 linear row ft.
Insecticide × Fungicide; Interaction When Prophylactically Applied to Wheat, 1991
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Jones Roge. , Holder Bobb. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Growers in Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) clubs were found to be prophylactically treating by adding an insecticide to fungicide applications when protecting wheat. This is the fourth trial over 3 years at 1 of 2 MN experiment stations. Plots were established at the Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, MN. Pathways of 1.8 m were removed from around a 7.6 m × 15.3 m plot just prior to treatment. Treatments were arranged in a Latin Square design with 4 replications. A combination application of insecticide and fungicide was made on 17 Jun (wheat stage Feekes = 8). Approximately 110 liter/ha of total material was applied at a pressure of 7 kg/cm2 using a hydraulic plot sprayer. Yields were obtained by combining a strip (1.5 m × 15.3 m) through the long axis of each plot. Yield, moisture, test weight, and protein were taken. Only yields, as adjusted to a standard moisture, are reported.
Army Cutworm Control, 1991
Authors: Karner Mile. , Kelley Mar. , Goodson Jerr. , Smith L. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were initiated to evaluate several insecticides against ACW infestations in wheat in OK. Both tests utilized a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Plot size was 15 × 100 ft. Insecticides were applied using a ground rig with a 15 ft boom. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 13.5 gal/acre at 28 psi. Test 1 was applied on 19 Feb in Greer County. Test 2 was applied on 23 Feb in Kiowa County. Larval densities were determined 2 DAT and 7 DAT (Test 1) and 2 DAT and 5 DAT (Test 2) by sampling five, 1.0 ft2, areas per plot. The upper 2 inches of soil from each ft2 was sieved through # 2 hardware cloth to retrieve larvae for counting.
Apple, Summer Acaricide Tests, 1991
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dilute sprays were applied to runoff with a handgun sprayer (32 kg/cm2) to single tree plots of apple trees. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times on 'Delicious' cultivar with MM. 106 rootstock. Treatments were separated by unsprayed buffer trees. These trees were ca 2.3 m tall and planted 4 × 6 m apart. A single spray of AC-801757 was applied at the same rate (142 mis form/100 gal) at either half-inch green (10 Apr), pink (1 May), or petal fall (20 May) to compare residual mite control resulting from different early season scheduling (Test 1). Oil (2%) was applied at tight cluster as a standard prebloom comparison treatment. Test 2 was conducted to compare effectiveness of a single spray of different rates of AC-801757 applied early in the season at pink (1 May). Test '3 compared different rates of AC-801757 applied on 23 Jul. Seasonal programs of different rates of Kelthane 50 WP were also tested. Kelthane treatments were applied at petal fall (20 May) and again on 3 Jun and 23 Jul. ERM and the predaceous mites ZM and TP, were sampled on 25 randomly selected leaves from each plot at weekly intervals from 16 May-21 Aug. Mites and eggs were removed from leaves with a Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine. ARM were counted on the sampled leaves under a dissecting microscope on one-half of the lower surface of each leaf.
Periodical Cicada Control, 1991
Authors: Bessin R. , Townsend L. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were laboratory bioassayed for residual control of 17-year periodical cicada on apple foliage. Six replicates were used for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Apple foliage was dipped into final spray dilutions of the insecticides and allowed to dry for 24 hours. Apple stems were maintained in water filled test tubes to prevent desiccation of the foliage. Five field collected periodical cicadas of each sex were confined into 2 1-quart foundant cartons attached end-to-end containing the apple foliage. The lids to the cartons were removed and replaced with nylon screen. Mortalities were recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hr. Cicadas that were unable to flip over were classed as dead.
Mite Control, 1991
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied to apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays by handgun and hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi. Treatments were applied at 375 or 150 gal/acre for test 1 (14-yr-old trees) and test 2 (6-yr-old trees), respectively. Spray dates were as indicated in table (petal fall was ca. 23 May). The standard pesticide program consisted of Nova 40 W (2.5 oz) on 5 dates, Captan 80 W (1.25 lb) on 5 dates, Pydrin 2.4 EC (2.7 oz) on 1 date, Sevin 80 S (1.25 lb) on 1 date, Ambush 25 W (3.2 oz) on 3 dates, Cyprex 65 W (6 oz) on 1 date in test 1 and Thiram 65 W (2.0 lb/100 gal) on 2 dates in test 2. There were no mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used, with 2 'Red Delicious' and 2 'Cortland' cultivars in test 1 and 1 each of 'Red Delicious,' 'Cortland,' 'Golden Delicious,' and 'McIntosh' in test 2. ERM were counted on 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Summer months were slightly warmer and more humid than normal, with less than, adequate rainfall in Jun and Jul.
Pears, Residual Control of Pear Rust Mite, 1990
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature Bartlett' trees in Fennville, MI were sprayed with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer at 150 gal/acre of finished spray. Trees were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications of all materials were made as indicated in the table on 11 May (PF), 23 May (IC), 4 Jun (2C), 15 Jun (3C), 28 Jun (4C). Dates of evaluation were 29 May, 12 Jun, 26 Jun, 10 Jul, 24 Jul, and 7 Aug. At each evaluation, 50 leaves/replication (200 per treatment) were picked and brushed in a mite brushing machine, and examined under a stereo microscope for PRM adults. At harvest on 28 Aug, 50 fruit per replicate (200 per treatment) were examined for russetting damage from PRM. Russetting evaluations were based on visual inspection, with the scoring criteria listed on the table.
Peach, Season Long Broad Spectrum Insect Control, 1991
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees on the Trevor Nichols Res. Complex (Peach 3) at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged as completely randomized units consisting of single trees, each replicated 4 times. Applications were made on 18 Apr (Pink), 8 May (PF), 20 May (IC), 31 May (2C), 12 Jun (3C), 24 Jun (4C), 7 Jul (5C), 19 Jul (6C), 31 Jul (7C), and 12 Aug (8C). Rovral, Bravo, Benlate, and Captan were applied separately to all treatments. OFM ‘flagging’ damage was evaluated on 4 Jun by inspecting 25 terminals per replicate. Mid-season fruit finish data were taken on 18 Jun, picking 25 fruit per replicate, per treatment. Harvest fruit finish data were taken on 20 Aug, by randomly picking 50 fruit per replicate per treatment, from the periphery of the tree.
Control of Apache Cicada on Asparagus, 1991
Authors: Rethwisch M. D. , McDaniel C. W. , Thiessen J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticide treatments were applied the evening of 3 Jul to 5 yr old asparagus with 4-5 ft of fern located east of San Luis, AZ, farmed by Signal Farming. Applications were made with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10.4 gal/acre with 4 T-Jet 8001 nozzles. Plots were 50 ft long × 2 rows (10 ft) wide and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Four rows of asparagus separated each treatment block. Plants were heavily infested with cicadas which had initiated seasonal oviposition 5 d prior to treatment. Plots were evaluated on 5 Jul. Live cicadas were counted by flushing from foliage from the entire plot by one person slowly walking between the two treated rows and disturbing the cicadas, with one person on the outside of each treated row trailing the flusher and counting cicadas as they flew in front of them. Dead cicadas were counted in plots after flushing live cicadas.
Apple, Evaluation of Pesticide Effect on U.S. Grade and Fruit Finish, 1990
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Kilmer S. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of the insecticides Lorsban 4 E, Guthion 35 W, and Lorsban 50 W was evaluated on the fruit on mature apple trees. Materials at rates and times noted in the table were applied to run off with a Bean hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. There were 4 single tree replicates of each treatment. All treatments and the control received 7 fungicidal sprays of Rubigan 6 oz/A + Benlate 6 oz/A. Twenty fruit per replicate were examined on the trees and evaluated for side and stem end russet. These apples were placed into grade categories according to U.S. Grade standards. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed at the time of the field examination 27 Jul.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Broccoli, Fall, 1991
Authors: Winters S. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Commander’ cultivar broccoli plants were transplanted on 6 Sep 91 into a Bernow series fine, sandy-loam soil at the Wes Watkins A.R.E.C., Lane, OK. Plots were 15 ft long and 2 rows wide with 10 ft buffers within rows and one row planted with turnips and collards between plots. Rows were spaced 3 ft apart and plants were spaced 1 ft apart within rows. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Conventional cultural practices were used and recommended rates of fertilizer were applied. Samplings for CL and aphids were conducted on 19, 24, 26 Sep, 1, 3, 14, and 24 Oct. CL were sized as small (instar 1 & 2) or large (instar 3 6:4). All insecticides were applied with a C02-powered backpack sprayer calibrated at 44.6 gal/acre. Each insecticide treatment was applied on 20, 27 Sep, and 7 Oct.