bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic tools for the redirection of the central carbon flow towards the production of lactate in the human gut bacterium Phocaeicola (Bacteroides) vulgatus
Authors: Lück Rebecca , Deppenmeier Uwe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Species of the genera Bacteroides and Phocaeicola play an important role in the human colon. The organisms contribute to the degradation of complex heteropolysaccharides to small chain fatty acids, which are in part utilized by the human body. Furthermore, these organisms are involved in the synthesis of vitamins and other bioactive compounds. Of special interest is Phocaeicola vulgatus, originally classified as a Bacteroides species, due to its abundance in the human intestinal tract and its ability to degrade many plant-derived heteropolysaccharides. We analyzed different tools for the genetic modification of this microorganism, with respect to homologous gene expression of the ldh gene encoding a D-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Therefore, the ldh gene was cloned into the integration vector pMM656 and the shuttle vector pG106 for homologous gene expression in P. vulgatus. We determined the ldh copy number, transcript abundance, and the enzyme activity of the wild type and the mutants. The strain containing the shuttle vector showed an approx. 1500-fold increase in the ldh transcript concentration and an enhanced LDH activity that was about 200-fold higher compared to the parental strain. Overall, the proportion of lactate in the general catabolic carbon flow increased from 2.9% (wild type) to 28.5% in the LDH-overproducing mutant. This approach is a proof of concept, verifying the genetic accessibility of P. vulgatus and could form the basis for targeted genetic optimization.

Key points
• A lactate dehydrogenase was overexpressed in Phocaeicola (Bacteroides) vulgatus.
• The ldh transcript abundance and the LDH activity increased sharply in the mutant.
• The proportion of lactate in the catabolic carbon flow increased to about 30%.
Deep learning in CT colonography: differentiating premalignant from benign colorectal polyps
Authors: Wesp Philipp , Grosu Sergio , Graser Anno , Maurus Stefan , Schulz Christian , Knösel Thomas , Fabritius Matthias P. , Schachtner Balthasar , Yeh Benjamin M. , Cyran Clemens C. , Ricke Jens , Kazmierczak Philipp M. , Ingrisch Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the differentiation of premalignant from benign colorectal polyps detected by CT colonography using deep learning.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis of an average risk colorectal cancer screening sample, polyps of all size categories and morphologies were manually segmented on supine and prone CT colonography images and classified as premalignant (adenoma) or benign (hyperplastic polyp or regular mucosa) according to histopathology. Two deep learning models SEG and noSEG were trained on 3D CT colonography image subvolumes to predict polyp class, and model SEG was additionally trained with polyp segmentation masks. Diagnostic performance was validated in an independent external multicentre test sample. Predictions were analysed with the visualisation technique Grad-CAM++.

Results
The training set consisted of 107 colorectal polyps in 63 patients (mean age: 63 ± 8 years, 40 men) comprising 169 polyp segmentations. The external test set included 77 polyps in 59 patients comprising 118 polyp segmentations. Model SEG achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.83 and 80% sensitivity at 69% specificity for differentiating premalignant from benign polyps. Model noSEG yielded a ROC-AUC of 0.75, 80% sensitivity at 44% specificity, and an average Grad-CAM++ heatmap score of ≥ 0.25 in 90% of polyp tissue.

Conclusions
In this proof-of-concept study, deep learning enabled the differentiation of premalignant from benign colorectal polyps detected with CT colonography and the visualisation of image regions important for predictions. The approach did not require polyp segmentation and thus has the potential to facilitate the identification of high-risk polyps as an automated second reader.

Key Points
• Non-invasive deep learning image analysis may differentiate premalignant from benign colorectal polyps found in CT colonography scans.
• Deep learning autonomously learned to focus on polyp tissue for predictions without the need for prior polyp segmentation by experts.
• Deep learning potentially improves the diagnostic accuracy of CT colonography in colorectal cancer screening by allowing for a more precise selection of patients who would benefit from endoscopic polypectomy, especially for patients with polyps of 6–9 mm size.
Predictors and clinical impact of postoperative diarrhea after colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective, multicenter, observational study (SHISA-1602)
Authors: Ohta Hiroyuki , Miyake Toru , Ueki Tomoyuki , Kojima Masatsugu , Kawasaki Masayasu , Tatsuta Takeshi , Iuchi Takekazu , Kamitani Sumihiro , Shimizu Tomoharu , Mekata Eiji , Tani Masaji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative diarrhea, including high-output stoma (HOS), frequently occurs after colorectal surgery; its risk factors and clinical implications on subsequent complications remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and clinical implications of postoperative diarrhea after primary colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.

Methods
This prospective observational study included patients with CRC who underwent radical surgery at six hospitals between June 2016 and December 2017. The patients were categorized into three groups (non-stoma, colostoma, and ileostoma groups).

Results
A total of 178 patients participated in the study. In the non-stoma group, the incidence of postoperative diarrhea was 18.4% (27/147). The incidence of HOS was 28.6% (4/14) in the ileostoma group, and 0% in the colostoma group. Multivariable analyses of the incidence of diarrhea in the non-stoma group indicated that habitual smoking and hypertension were significantly associated with postoperative diarrhea (P = 0.012 and P = 0.0274, respectively). Postoperative diarrhea was more likely to occur in patients with rectal cancer than in those with colon cancer (P = 0.0501). In the non-stoma and ileostoma groups, the probability of the occurrence of other complications with Clavien–Dindo (C-D) grades II or higher was significantly higher in patients with C-D grade I diarrhea, including HOS, than in patients without diarrhea (39.3% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.0061).

Conclusions
Smoking and hypertension are the independent predictors of postoperative diarrhea after an elective CRC surgery. Rectal cancer surgery seems to be associated with postoperative diarrhea more than colon cancer surgery does. Mild postoperative diarrhea may lead to more severe complications.
Voices from the past: results of the ESP history of pathology working group survey on pathology museums
Authors: Santi Raffaella , Ballestriero Roberta , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Gulczynski Jacek , de Gouveia Rosa Henriques , Ariza Aurelio , Carvalho Lina , Nesi Gabriella 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile keeping their original purpose of training medical students, pathology museums hold great biological value, offering unique specimens for scientific research through modern radiological, pathological and biomolecular techniques. Moreover, the artefacts, models and drawings displayed in these museums are a precious cultural and artistic heritage. Preservation of the anatomical samples and maintenance of the facilities are neither easy nor inexpensive and call for patronage. The development of a European Pathology Museum Network would undoubtedly facilitate study, access and divulgation of antique pathology collections. Data from a survey conducted by the European Society of Pathology (ESP) History of Pathology Working Group have allowed creation of a comprehensive, multifaceted portrait of European university museums, reflecting their history, diversity, geography, institutional status, stakeholders, projects, professionals, audiences, policies and best practices.
Statusbericht – H2020-ROBOMINERS und M30 Projekttreffen
Authors: Leitner Jasmin , Berner Michael , Sifferlinger Nikolaus August 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDas H2020 Robominer Projekt ist ein EU gefördertes Projekt, und das Konsortium dafür besteht aus 14 verschiedenen Projektpartnern. Im Zuge dieses Projektes hat in Leoben ein persönliches Treffen mit den Projektpartnern stattgefunden, um die bisherigen Entwicklungen des Projektes zu präsentieren, zu besprechen und einen Bergbau in Slowenien für potenzielle Feldversuche zu besuchen. Des Weiteren wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand des Projektes gegeben.
Patient-reported QoL in anal cancer survivors 3 and 6 years after treatment—results from the Swedish national ANCA study
Authors: Axelsson Anna , Johansson Mia , Bock David , Haglind Eva , de la Croix Hanna , Nilsson Per J. , Angenete Eva 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The impact of anal cancer treatment for the patients is best evaluated by the patients themselves. The purpose of this study was to investigate quality of life (QoL) in patients with anal cancer at 3 and 6 years after treatment.

Methods
A Swedish national cross-sectional prospective cohort study with patients diagnosed with anal cancer between 2011 and 2013. Patients were invited to respond to a QoL questionnaire at 3 and 6 years, with focus on bowel, urinary and sexual function, social and mental function, co-morbidity, lifestyle, daily activities, personal characteristics, and perceived QoL. It also contained questions on the severity of the symptoms regarding occurrence, frequency, and duration and the level of “bother” experienced related to functional symptoms.
QoL and prevalence of bother with urinary, sexual, bowel dysfunction, and anal pain were described. The prevalence of impaired QoL was compared with a healthy reference population. The association between QoL and experiencing bother was quantified by regression models.

Results
From an original cohort of 464 patients with anal cancer, 264 (57%) were alive and contacted at 3 years and 230 (50%) at 6 years. One hundred ninety-five (74%) patients responded to the 3-year and 152 (66%) to the 6-year questionnaire. Sixty percent reported low QoL at both 3 and 6 years. Impaired QoL was more prevalent among patients with major bother due to bowel dysfunction (at 3 years RR 1.42, 95% CI (1.06–1.9) p-value 0.020, at 6 years RR 1.52, 95% CI (1.03–2.24) p-value 0.034) and urinary dysfunction (at 6 years RR 1.44, 95% CI (1.08–1.91) p-value 0.013). There was a tendency to a positive relationship between the number of bodily functions causing bother and risk for impaired QoL.

Conclusion
Patients treated for anal cancer reported bother regarding several bodily functions as well as poor QoL both at 3 and 6 years without much improvement. Bother was also associated with low QoL indicating that function-related bother should be addressed.
Analyse des Kontinuums mit surrealen Zahlen
Authors: Morgenstern Thomas 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungAusgehend vom anschaulichen Begriff des Kontinuums betrachten wir drei klassische Konzepte des Kontinuums und entwickeln für das lineare, geometrische Kontinuum mathematische Modelle, wobei wir vereinfacht eine Strecke betrachten. In allen drei Fällen sind die Teile des Kontinuums linear angeordnet und ihre Ordnung ist dicht.Das Kontinuum des Parmenides ist eine unteilbare Einheit. Das entsprechende Modell der Strecke ist eine Einermenge und somit ohne Lücken.Das Kontinuum des Aristoteles ist potentiell unendlich, aktual endlich oft teilbar und die Teile sind wieder teilbare Kontinua. Das entspreche Modell der Strecke ist isomorph zum angeordneten Körper der rationalen Zahlen.Das hypothetische Kontinuum des Zenon ist aktual unendlich oft teilbar und die Teile sind wieder teilbare Kontinua. Die Teile der Strecke werden mittels transfiniter Rekursion durch fortgesetzte Zweiteilung konstruiert und tragen damit in natürlicher Weise die Struktur eines geordneten, vollen, dyadischen Wurzelbaums.Gleichzeitig wird ein Isomorphismus der Punkte zum nicht-archimedischen angeordneten Körper der surrealen Zahlen konstruiert, dem universellen, absoluten, arithmetischen Kontinuum. Dann gibt es viele infinitesimal kleine und infinit große Strecken. Die Punkte bilden eine echte geordnete Klasse mit intervallvollständiger, aber nicht schnittvollständiger Ordnung, die sehr viele Lücken hat.
Surgery for brain metastases—impact of the extent of resection
Authors: Winther Rebecca Rootwelt , Hjermstad Marianne Jensen , Skovlund Eva , Aass Nina , Helseth Eirik , Kaasa Stein , Yri Olav Erich , Vik-Mo Einar Osland 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgical resection of brain metastases improves symptoms and survival in selected patients. The benefit of gross total resection is disputed, as most patients are believed to succumb from their non-CNS tumor burden. We investigated the association between overall survival and residual tumor after surgery for single brain metastases.

Methods
We reviewed adults who underwent surgery for a single brain metastasis at a regional referral center (2011–2018). Gross total resection was defined as no visible residual tumor on cerebral MRI 12–48 h postoperatively.

Results
We included 373 patients. The most common primary tumors were lung cancer (36%) and melanoma (24%). We identified gross total resection in 238 patients (64%). Median overall survival was 11.0 months, 8.0 (6.2–9.8) months for patients with subtotal resection and 13.0 (9.7–16.3) months for patients with gross total resection. In a multivariate regression analysis including preoperative prognostic factors, gross total resection was associated with longer overall survival (HR: 0.66, p = 0.003). Postoperative radiotherapy administered within 6 weeks did not significantly alter the hazard ratio estimates for grade of resection.

Conclusions
Our study suggests improved survival with gross total resection compared to subtotal resection. The importance of extent of resection in surgery for brain metastases should not be discarded.
Staphylococcus massiliensis isolated from human blood cultures, Germany, 2017–2020
Authors: Last Katharina , Lepper Philipp M. , Jung Philipp , Schäfers Hans-Joachim , Boutin Sébastien , Heeg Klaus , Becker Sören L. , Nurjadi Dennis , Papan Cihan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Clinical and laboratory data on newly described staphylococcal species is rare, which hampers decision-making when such pathogens are detected in clinical specimens. Here, we describe Staphylococcus massiliensis detected in three patients at a university hospital in southwest Germany. We report the discrepancy of microbiological findings between matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 16S-rRNA polymerase chain reaction, and whole-genome sequencing for all three isolates. Our findings highlight the diagnostic pitfalls pertinent to novel and non-model organisms in daily microbiological practice, in whom the correct identification is dependent on database accuracy.
Left atrial structure and function in heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) versus preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Xuanyi , Nauta Jan F. , Hung Chung-Lieh , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Teng Tiew-Hwa Katherine , Voors Adriaan A. , Lam Carolyn SP. , van Melle Joost P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLeft atrial (LA) structure and function in heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) versus preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is only established in small studies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of LA structure and function in order to find differences between patients with HFrEF and HFpEF. English literature on LA structure and function using echocardiography was reviewed to calculate pooled prevalence and weighted mean differences (WMD). A total of 61 studies, comprising 8806 patients with HFrEF and 9928 patients with HFpEF, were included. The pooled prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was 34.4% versus 42.8% in the acute inpatient setting, and 20.1% versus 33.1% in the chronic outpatient setting when comparing between HFrEF and HFpEF. LA volume index (LAVi), LA reservoir global longitudinal strain (LAGLSR), and E/e’ was 59.7 versus 52.7 ml/m2, 9.0% versus 18.9%, and 18.5 versus 14.0 in the acute inpatient setting, and 48.3 versus 38.2 ml/m2, 12.8% versus 23.4%, and 16.9 versus 13.5 in the chronic outpatient setting when comparing HFrEF versus HFpEF, respectively. The relationship between LAVi and LAGLSR was significant in HFpEF, but not in HFrEF. Also, in those studies that directly compared patients with HFrEF versus HFpEF, those with HFrEF had worse LAGLSR [WMD = 16.3% (22.05,8.61); p < 0.001], and higher E/e’ [WMD = −0.40 (−0.56, −0.24); p < 0.05], while LAVi was comparable. When focusing on acute hospitalized patients, E/e’ was comparable between patients with HFrEF and HFpEF. Despite the higher burden of AF in HFpEF, patients with HFrEF had worse LA global function. Left atrial myopathy is not specifically related to HFpEF.
Psychiatric Comorbidity and Psychopathology of Methamphetamine Users—Are There Gender Differences?
Authors: Franke Andreas G. , Neumann Stefanie , Proebstl Lisa , Kamp Felicia , Hager Laura , Manz Kirsi , Krause Daniela , Mutschler Jochen , Koller Gabi , Soyka Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethamphetamine use disorder is associated with severe psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems. Women seem to be more affected than men. Therefore, this study examined psychiatric comorbidities and psychopathology, drug use patterns, and treatment outcomes in women addicted to methamphetamine compared to men. Data on methamphetamine-dependent inpatients were collected in two centers specialized for addiction treatment at admission (T0) and discharge (T1, after treatment for 24 weeks). Sociodemographic and clinical measures were collected with the semi-structured clinical interview I at baseline; the self-reported standardized questionnaire (SCL-90-R) was administered at admission and discharge and after 24 weeks. During the entire treatment procedure, treatment relevant aspects were monitored. Out of all 108 treatment-seeking participants (86 men, 22 women), 64 completed the study (51 men, 13 women; drop-out rate: 40.7% (n = 44)). Methamphetamine-dependent women used other stimulants more often than men, while men used hallucinogens significantly more frequently than women. Female inpatients differed significantly from men in various sociodemographic variables (e.g., having children, single parenting) and were significantly more often affected by current (p < 0.001) and lifetime mental stress disorders (p < 0.001), as well as specific psychiatric disorders (p < 0.001) (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder). At discharge, mental symptoms decreased significantly in men but not in women. Both before and after treatment, women seem to be more vulnerable to psychiatric comorbidities and psychopathologic symptoms compared to men. Although this study only provides preliminary data on gender-specific characteristics of methamphetamine-dependent patients and their treatment, it seems appropriate to discuss the development of gender-specific treatment options. Further studies in this field are needed.
The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Healthcare Costs and Labor Market Attachment
Authors: Bøgelund Mette , Jørgensen Nils B. , Madsbad Sten , Spanggaard Maria , Panton Ulrik H. , Pedersen Mikkel H. , Johansen Pierre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to estimate the total cost of bariatric surgery in Denmark.

Materials and Methods
The study population included all Danish citizens ≥ 18 years who had received bariatric surgery, identified in the Danish National Patient Register in the period from 2002 to 2018. Patients who had received bariatric surgery were matched with three controls on gender, year of birth, and region of residence. A difference-in-difference approach was used to estimate the healthcare costs attributable to bariatric surgery from 3 years before to 5 years after surgery.

Results
Total healthcare costs for cases receiving bariatric surgery during the first 5 years following surgery amounted to EUR 32,899, and EUR 16,651 for their matched controls. Thereby, the difference in total healthcare costs (EUR 16,248) between persons receiving bariatric surgery and their matched controls was 2.2 times the DRG rate for the surgery itself (EUR 7387).
Moreover, the results suggest that receiving bariatric surgery led to a total increase in gross earnings of EUR 5970 (5%) and a total reduction in receipt of transfer payments of EUR 4488 (12%) in the period up until 5 years after surgery.

Conclusion
The results showed a significant and persistent increase in healthcare costs for people with obesity receiving bariatric surgery during the first 5 years after surgery. We also found that bariatric surgery was associated with increased attachment to the labor market.

Graphical abstract
Women’s Labor Market Responses to Their Partners’ Unemployment and Low-Pay Employment
Authors: Keldenich Carina , Knabe Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing bivariate random-effects probit estimation on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel we show that women respond to their partners’ unemployment with an increase in labor market participation, which also leads to an increase in their employment probability. Our analysis considers within and between effects separately, revealing differences in the relationships between women’s labor market statuses and their partners’ unemployment in the previous period (within effect) and their partners’ overall probability of being unemployed (between effect). Furthermore, we contribute to the literature by demonstrating that a partner’s employment in a low-paid job has an effect on women’s labor market choices and outcomes similar to that of his unemployment.
Scaling Effect on the Behaviour and Design of Prestressed Stayed Steel Columns
Authors: Hyman Peter , Osofero Adelaja I. , Sriramula Srinivas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study presents the results of a small-scale experimental campaign on prestressed stayed steel columns, subsequent numerical model validation and design guideline development. The majority of previous experimental studies have focused on large-scale systems, which are expensive and can be difficult to perform due to the required specialised experimental set-up, whereas small-scale experiments are less restrictive with both space and experimental set-up requirements. Also, existing design guidelines were developed from a single system scale, so have not been shown to be applicable to changes in geometric scale. Thus, the scaling effect on prestressed stayed steel columns was investigated to promote the use of small-scale experiments in the study of large-scale prestressed stayed steel column systems and update design guidelines for change in geometric scale. A total of 17 prestressed stayed steel columns and a control column with no cross-arms were tested. These tests investigated the symmetric and antisymmetric buckling behaviour as well as the interactive post-buckling phenomenon. These tests were designed to investigate the scaling effect on the behaviour of the system and to determine the optimal prestress level of prestressed stayed steel columns close to the transition point. A numerical model was also validated by the experimental results to perform a full geometric scaling comparison study and update existing design guidelines. It was found that small-scale structures are capable of representing the behaviour of large-scale prestressed stayed steel columns. Furthermore, it was shown that the highest efficiency in terms of the weight of materials is found close to the transition point between symmetric and antisymmetric buckling behaviour. Various scale systems were modelled numerically, and the results compared with existing guidelines, which resulted in low levels of accuracy. Therefore, existing design guidelines were updated using the validated numerical model and shown to yield more accurate results for the L/400 and L/200 imperfection levels.