bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a cardio‐oncology unit on prevention of cardiovascular events in cancer patients
Authors: Cuomo Alessandra , Mercurio Valentina , Varricchi Gilda , Galdiero Maria Rosaria , Rossi Francesca Wanda , Carannante Antonio , Arpino Grazia , Formisano Luigi , Bianco Roberto , Carlomagno Chiara , De Angelis Carmine , Giuliano Mario , Matano Elide , Picardi Marco , Salvatore Domenico , De Vita Ferdinando , Martinelli Erika , Della Corte Carminia Maria , Morgillo Floriana , Orditura Michele , Napolitano Stefania , Troiani Teresa , Tocchetti Carlo G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsAs the world population grows older, the co‐existence of cancer and cardiovascular comorbidities becomes more common, complicating management of these patients. Here, we describe the impact of a large Cardio‐Oncology unit in Southern Italy, characterizing different types of patients and discussing challenges in therapeutic management of cardiovascular complications.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 231 consecutive patients referred to our Cardio‐Oncology unit from January 2015 to February 2020. Three different types were identified, according to their chemotherapeutic statuses at first visit. Type 1 included patients naïve for oncological treatments, Type 2 patients already being treated with oncological treatments, and Type 3 patients who had already completed cancer treatments. Type 2 patients presented the highest incidence of cardiovascular events (46.2% vs. 12.3% in Type 1 and 17.9% in Type 3) and withdrawals from oncological treatments (5.1% vs. none in Type 1) during the observation period. Type 2 patients presented significantly worse 48 month‐survival (32.1% vs. 16.7% in Type 1 and 17.9% in Type 3), and this was more evident when in the three groups we focused on patients with uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors or overt cardiovascular disease at the first cardiologic assessment. Nevertheless, these patients showed the greatest benefit from our cardiovascular assessments, as witnessed by a small, but significant improvement in ejection fraction during follow‐up (Type 2b: from 50 [20; 67] to 55 [35; 65]; P = 0.04).ConclusionsPatients who start oncological protocols without an accurate baseline cardiovascular evaluation are at major risk of developing cardiac complications due to antineoplastic treatments.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of nano‐ and microencapsulated rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves extract in cress (Lepidium sativum) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) seed gums for enhancing oxidative stability of sunflower oil
Authors: Jafari Seyede Zeynab , Jafarian Sara , Hojjati Mohammad , Najafian Leila 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere has been interest in the use of plant extract as a natural preservative agent for improving the oxidative stability of vegetable oils. However, plant extracts have low stability against heat and environmental stress. In this study, the antioxidant potential of nano‐ and microencapsulated Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract (RE) obtained using the ultrasonication method was measured. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract was 174.4 ± 25.9 mg gallic acid/g extract and 78.30 ± 3.2 mg rutin/g extract, respectively. Antioxidant activity of 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm of RE was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging methods, ferric reduction assay, and β‐carotene/linoleic acid assay, and then compared to the 100 ppm of TBHQ as a common synthetic antioxidant. The results showed that the antioxidant activity increased with increasing the concentration of the extract in all evaluating methods. The antioxidant activity of 200 ppm of the free and encapsulated extract in cress (Lepidium sativum) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) seed gums at different ratios (1:0, 1:1, and 0:1) was compared to sunflower oil without antioxidants, and oil‐containing TBHQ which was stored at 60°C for 24 days. The oxidation indexes of oil samples include peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, and p‐anisidine value measured at 4‐day intervals. A lower oil oxidation was observed in oil‐containing nanoencapsulated extract followed by microencapsulated extract, free extract, and TBHQ. Since producing nanoencapsulated RE requires a higher time and speed of homogenization and due to no statistically significant difference between the antioxidant properties of nanocapsules and microcapsules in oil, the use of microcapsules of RE in basil seed gum to increase the shelf life of sunflower oil is recommended.
Progranulin deficiency promotes persistent neuroinflammation and causes regional pathology in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zheng Xiaojing , Mi Tiantian , Wang Rong , Zhang Zihan , Li Wenyan , Zhao Junli , Yang Peiyan , Xia Haibin , Mao Qinwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can be progressive and can lead to the development of a long‐term complication termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The mechanisms underlying the progressive changes are still unknown; however, studies have suggested that microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in response to TBI may play a fundamental role. This study aimed to determine whether progranulin (PGRN), a major modulator of microglial activity, plays a role in the progressive damage following TBI. PGRN‐deficient and wild‐type mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and were observed neuropathologically after 3 days, 7 days, and 5 months. Compared to sham and wild‐type mice, the PGRN‐deficient mice showed overall stronger microgliosis and astrocytosis. The astrocytosis involved broader areas than the microgliosis and was more prominent in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and internal capsule in PGRN‐deficient mice. Ongoing neuronal death was uniquely observed in the hippocampal CA3 region of PGRN‐deficient mice at 5 months after TBI, accompanying the regional chronic microgliosis and astrocytosis involving the CA3 commissural pathway. In addition, there was M1 microglial polarization in the pericontusional area with activated TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB signaling; however, the hippocampus showed only mild M1 polarization 7 days after TBI. Lastly, Morris water maze tests showed PGRN‐deficient mice had poorer spatial learning and memory 5 months after TBI than wild‐type or sham mice. The data indicated the PGRN deficiency caused TBI progression by promoting persistent microgliosis with microglial polarization and astrocytosis, as well as regional pathology in the hippocampus. The study suggests that PGRN should be evaluated as a potential therapy for TBI.
Rent appropriation in global value chains: The past, present, and future of intangible assets
Authors: Buckley Peter J. , Strange Roger , Timmer Marcel P. , de Vries Gaaitzen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThe argument of this article is that global strategy research should devote greater attention to rent appropriation in global value chains (GVCs). We discuss the concept of intangible assets, emphasize their scalability at low marginal cost and highlight strategies for the appropriation of rents from these assets. Returns captured by intangible assets are shown to be much greater than those captured by tangible assets in GVCs of manufactured products. Regions in the world are found to be specializing in different GVC stages, with China rising as a key location for rent generation in upstream and production activities. We conclude that the rents from intangible assets are major drivers of economic development and of corporate success and offer insights into rent appropriation trends in the future.Managerial SummaryIntangible assets include computerized information (such as databases and software), innovative property (such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights), and economic competencies (such as brand equity and organizational capital). Our analysis shows that the returns to intangible assets in the GVCs of manufactured goods have risen substantially in importance over the past 20 years. A further finding is that within GVCs, the rent share of upstream stages has been increasing at the expense of rents shares of both the production and downstream stages. These findings suggest that the effective deployment, management, and protection of intangible assets is of critical importance to the ability of firms to create and maintain sustainable competitive advantages in global markets. In GVCs, intangibles matter, big time!
Threat vigilance and intrinsic amygdala connectivity
Authors: Kirk Peter A. , Holmes Avram J. , Robinson Oliver J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA well‐documented amygdala‐dorsomedial prefrontal circuit is theorized to promote attention to threat (“threat vigilance”). Prior research has implicated a relationship between individual differences in trait anxiety/vigilance, engagement of this circuitry, and anxiogenic features of the environment (e.g., through threat‐of‐shock and movie‐watching). In the present study, we predicted that—for those scoring high in self‐reported anxiety and a behavioral measure of threat vigilance—this circuitry is chronically engaged, even in the absence of anxiogenic stimuli. Our analyses of resting‐state fMRI data (N = 639) did not, however, provide evidence for such a relationship. Nevertheless, in our planned exploratory analyses, we saw a relationship between threat vigilance behavior (but not self‐reported anxiety) and intrinsic amygdala‐periaqueductal gray connectivity. Here, we suggest this subcortical circuitry may be chronically engaged in hypervigilant individuals, but that amygdala‐prefrontal circuitry may only be engaged in response to anxiogenic stimuli.
An international survey on patterns of practice in NAFLD and expectations for therapies—The POP‐NEXT project
Authors: Ratziu Vlad , Anstee Quentin M. , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Augustin Salvador , Gheorghe Liana , Zambon Vittoria , Reau Nancy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Differences between countries in NAFLD patient care pathways and management need to be understood prior to defining supranational guidelines.

Approach and Results
We conducted an anonymous survey in France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States among physicians providing specialist care for patients with NAFLD. Modalities of patient referral, patterns of practice (diagnosis, staging, monitoring, and indications for liver biopsy), therapeutic management, and expectations for future NASH pharmacotherapies were assessed, with 664 physicians completing the survey. Referral to surveyed physicians (SPs) mostly came from primary care. Prior to referral, NAFLD was rarely diagnosed, and noninvasive tests were not performed. Screening for comorbidities by SPs was incomplete and cardiovascular risk not calculated. Elastometry in combination with a serum biomarker was the most common first‐line method for fibrosis staging. Liver biopsy, when performed, was often delayed by at least 1 year after diagnosis. It was, however, recommended even if noninvasive methods indicated advanced fibrosis. Frequent, biannual monitoring was conducted, including HCC surveillance in Stage 3 fibrosis. SPs rarely implemented and followed dietary and lifestyle changes themselves, and local availability of such programs was highly heterogenous. SPs favored pharmacotherapy based on mechanism of action adapted to the stage of the disease, including for early stages such as steatohepatitis with mild fibrosis.

Conclusions
This international survey revealed major deficiencies and delays in referral pathways, suboptimal screening for comorbidities or managing of lifestyle modifications by SPs, and limited local availability for nonpharmacological interventions. Monitoring practices are not aligned with current guidelines.
Magnetically driven chemically reactive Casson nanofluid flow over curved surface with thermal radiation
Authors: Maity Suprakash , Kundu Prabir K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring this exploration, Casson nanofluid is taken over a sheet that is curved and stretching in nature and its flow equations are analyzed. Radiation and slip provisions are also taken into consideration. A magnetic field of uniform rate is provided. Convective heat and mass transference extract dominant conclusions from the system. The Brownian migration together with thermophoresis is also included in the flow structure. Moreover, the chemical reaction of higher‐order within the nanoingredients also generates interest. Guiding equations furnished by the selected model are resettled to ordinary differential equations of nonlinear type by significant similarity transformation. We have worked on MAPLE‐19 software to work out this with a suitable accuracy rate. Upshots are shown with diagrams and tables. Corresponding physical consignment such as Nusselt number has been analyzed. Determination of skin friction and moreover Sherwood's number is also in the area of interest. Magnificent advancement in heat sifting is dealt with by magnetic and Brownian motion specification. The graphs prescribed the upshots of thermophoresis and slip parameters. Outcomes convey that temperature together with concentration are reduced for stretching parameters but velocity lines are enhanced. Heat transport goes up for magnetic and Brownian motion framework but elevated outcomes are spotted for radiative flow in contrast to nonradiative flow. Mass transfer is reduced for chemical reaction components but the rate of augmentation is elevated for higher‐order chemically reactive flow. Mass Biot number and temperature Biot number both increase the concentration and temperature transport, respectively.
Gender differences in risk factors for the 2 year development of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Choe Hun Jee , Cho Be Long , Park Yong Soon , Roh Eun , Kim Hyeon Ju , Lee Sam‐Gyu , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Miji , Won Chang Won , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak Chul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is an age‐related chronic condition that can lead to mobility disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for incident sarcopenia in older Korean adults.MethodsThe Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is a multicentre prospective study with a baseline examination in 2016–2017. A prospective follow‐up study was conducted in 2018–2019. Changes in muscle‐related variables were evaluated for subjects aged 70–84 years lacking sarcopenia at baseline. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2019 updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia consensus.ResultsAmong the 1636 participants (54.4% women, age 75.9 ± 3.7) who did not have sarcopenia at baseline, 101 men (13.5%) and 104 women (11.7%) developed sarcopenia by the follow‐up. Those who developed sarcopenia were older (men, 77.9 ± 3.9 vs. 75.7 ± 3.5, P < 0.001; women, 77.5 ± 4.0 vs. 75.5 ± 3.6, P < 0.001) with a lower body mass index at baseline (men, 23.9 ± 2.4 vs. 24.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2, P = 0.025; women, 23.7 ± 2.8 vs. 25.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2, P < 0.001) compared with older adults who remained nonsarcopenic; levels of glycated haemoglobin (men, 6.2 ± 1.0% vs. 5.9 ± 0.8%, P = 0.029) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (men, 2.0 ± 1.3 vs. 1.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.022) were higher in men who progressed to sarcopenia but not in women. Development of sarcopenia was associated with older age and the frequency of resistance training (≥2 per week) after adjusting for potential risk factors in men [age, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.25; frequent resistance training, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.82]. In women, advanced age, poor nutritional status, and physical inactivity contributed to the development of sarcopenia (age, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.21; mini nutritional assessment short form, OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.90; moderate to high physical activity, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.95).ConclusionsIn this 2 year KFACS follow‐up, modifiable risk factors for incident sarcopenia differed between genders. Resistance training (≥2 per week) helped to prevent sarcopenia in these community‐dwelling older men. In older women, adequate nutritional support and being physically active might play a role in preventing progression to sarcopenia.
Echinacoside alleviates sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction by activating FOXO1‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Yang Huifang , Zhao Li , Li Qin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to examine the effects of echinacoside on cognitive impairment in mice after exposure to sevoflurane. To examine the role of FOXO1, si‐FOXO1 and si‐con were injected into the hippocampus through the left lateral cerebral ventricles. Sevoflurane‐induced mice had serious cognitive dysfunction. However, pretreatment with echinacoside alleviated the cognitive dysfunction, as measured by a shortened escape latency time, and increased platform crossing times, the percentage of distance in the target quadrant and Y‐maze spontaneous alternations. In addition, we found that echinacoside elevated FOXO1 expression in the hippocampus; increased the expression of autophagy‐related proteins including Beclin 1, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3; and reduced P62 expression. Silencing of FOXO1 aggravated the cognitive deficits and reduced expression of the autophagy‐related markers, whereas the effects of si‐FOXO1 on memory were abrogated by echinacoside. Echinacoside attenuated the cognitive impairment in sevoflurane‐induced mice through FOXO1‐mediated autophagy.
Considerations for extracellular vesicle and lipoprotein interactions in cell culture assays
Authors: Busatto Sara , Yang Yubo , Iannotta Dalila , Davidovich Irina , Talmon Yeshayahu , Wolfram Joy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith an exponential increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) studies in the past decade, focus has been placed on standardization of experimental design to ensure inter‐study comparisons and validity of conclusions. In the case of in vitro assays, the composition of cell culture media is important to consider for EV studies. In particular, levels of lipoproteins, which are critical components of the interstitial fluid, should be taken into consideration. Results from this study reveal that lipoprotein levels in cell culture medium impact the effects that EVs have on recipient cells. Additionally, evidence of EV binding and fusion to lipoprotein‐like structures in plasma is provided. However, it is unclear whether the impact of lipoproteins in cell culture is due to direct interactions with EVs, indirect effects, or a combination of both mechanisms. Taken together, cell culture studies performed in the absence of physiological levels of lipoproteins are unlikely to reflect interactions that occur between EVs and recipient cells in an in vivo environment.
Detection rate of endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography in diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms including small lesions: A multicenter study
Authors: Kurita Yusuke , Hara Kazuo , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Kuwahara Takamichi , Mizuno Nobumasa , Okuno Nozomi , Haba Shin , Yagi Shin , Hasegawa Sho , Sato Takamitsu , Hosono Kunihiro , Endo Itaru , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Niwa Yasumasa , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Inaba Yoshitaka , Nakajima Atsushi , Kubota Kensuke , Ichikawa Yasushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe detection ability and role of different imaging modalities to detect pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) including small lesions is unclear. This study aimed to compare the ability of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) to detect PNENs.MethodsData of patients who underwent EUS and contrast‐enhanced CT and were diagnosed with PNENs were analyzed. The detection rates of pancreatic lesions with EUS and CT based on tumor size and influencing factors were investigated.ResultsFor 256 PNEN lesions, the detection rate of EUS was better than that of CT (94.5% vs 86.3%; P < .001). EUS was significantly superior to CT for PNENs ≤5 mm (58.3% vs 16.7%; P = .006) and 5‐10 mm (97.7% vs 79.5%; P = .008). There was no significant difference in the detection rate between EUS and CT for PNENs >10 mm (98.4% vs 96.4%; P = .375). Size (≤5 mm) and insulinoma were independent factors associated with poor EUS and CT detection rates.ConclusionsEndoscopic ultrasound exhibited better detection ability than CT, with an excellent detection rate for PNENs >5 mm, except for insulinomas. CT could detect PNENs >10 mm, which are amenable to treatment.
Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and molecular docking studies of new fused pyrimidinethiones
Authors: Hussien Ahmed H. H. , El‐Qaliei Mohamed I. H. , Mousa Sayed A. S. , Atalla Ahmed A. , Khodairy Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2‐Cyano‐3‐(methylsufany)‐3‐(phenylamino)prop‐2‐enethioamide (3) was treated with dimethylformamide‐dimethylacetals (DMF‐DMA), dimedone, isatin, and/or 3‐iminobutanenitrile to give prop‐2‐enethioamide 4, N‐substituted thioamides 9, 10, and 5,6‐dihydropyridine 12, respectively. While, the reaction of bis‐thioamide 5 with DMF‐DMA gave 4‐thioxo‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidine 6. Cyclization of compound 4 using different conditions afforded pyrimidinethione 15, which reacted with guanidine, cyanothioacetamide, and/or 2‐cyanomethylpyrazole to yield the corresponding fused pyridopyrimidine 17 and pyrimidopyrimidines 18 and 20, respectively. Structures of the newly compounds were characterized by using their infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were in vitro evaluated for their antibacterial activity through the zone of inhibition measurement. The results revealed promising antibacterial activity for compounds against the used pathogenic bacterial strains. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the active compounds (4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 18, and 20) was interpreted using molecular docking against E. coliFabH‐CoA complex (PDB ID: 1HNJ) to determine the binding energy, binding interactions, and molecules' orientations inside the active site of the target protein.
The predictive value of galectin‐3 levels on left atrial low voltage areas assessed by high‐density mapping in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Aksan Gökhan , Yanık Ahmet , Yontar Osman Can , Boyacı Faruk , Uçar Melisa , Şahin Mustafa Kürşat , Soylu Korhan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsGalectin‐3 is an inflammation biomarker that is associated with atrial fibrosis and plays a role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Low voltage areas (LVAs) identified using an electroanatomical mapping system represent the presence of fibrotic tissue. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between coronary sinus (CS) serum sampling of galectin‐3 levels and the presence and extent of LVA in patients with paroxysmal AF.MethodsA total of 115 consecutive paroxysmal AF patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) included prospectively in the study. Voltage mapping was performed before PVI during sinus rhythm guided by multipolar high‐density mapping catheter and LVAs were defined as regions where bipolar peak to peak voltage was <0.5 mV. Galectin‐3 levels were measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsCS serum sampling of galectin‐3 levels was significantly higher in paroxysmal AF patients with LVA than those without LVA (16.5 ± 3.7 ng/ml vs. 10.2 ±2.7 ng/ml, respectively, p < .001). CS serum sampling of galectin‐3 levels was significantly higher in paroxysmal AF patients with moderate and severe LVA than in paroxysmal AF patients with mild LVA (17 ± 3.5 ng/ml and 20.1 ± 1.3 ng/ml vs. 13.3 ± 2.3 ng/ml, respectively, p = .002). In the multivariate analysis female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 7.537, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011–56.195; p = .049), left atrium volume (OR = 1.326, 95% CI: 1.052–1.67; p = .017), and CS serum sampling of galectin‐3 levels (OR = 1.704, 95% CI: 1.169–2.483; p = .006) were significant and independent predictors for LVAs.ConclusionIn this study, we found that the CS serum sampling of galectin‐3 levels increased with the extent of LVA and was an independent predictor for the presence of LVA.