bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination and Identification of Nicarbazin, Measured as 4,4′-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), in Chicken Tissues by Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Final Action 2013.07
Authors: Brunelle Sharon L , LaBudde Robert A , Lombardi Kimberly , Ward Clive 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
AOAC Method 2013.07 was adopted as First Action in 2013. Since then, the method has been used in numerous residue depletion studies with favorable comments from analysts.

Objective
To analyze data from residue depletion studies to support Final Action status.

Method
Ten residue depletion studies were conducted during May 2014 through May 2019. For each study, harvested incurred tissues were analyzed for nicarbazin using AOAC Method 2013.07 in 1 of 4 laboratories. Each analytical run included one or more fortified quality control test portions. The data from these known fortified matrix test portions were analyzed for reproducibility and repeatability.

Results
For muscle tissues, relative recovery was 90.4% (95% CI 83.8 to 97.5); RSDr was 5.4% (95% CI 3.8 to 9.2); and RSDR was 7.9%. In the liver, values were 94.5% (95% CI 91.1 to 98.0), 5.8% (95% CI 4.1 to 9.9), and 6.8%, respectively. In the kidney, values were 91.5% (95% CI 85.3 to 98.1), 5.2% (95% CI 3.7 to 8.8), and 9.0%, respectively. In skin with adhering fat, values were 94.5% (95% CI 89.2 to 100.1), 8.9% (95% CI 6.3 to 15.1), and 8.9%, respectively. In all cases, repeatability and reproducibility were within acceptable limits.

Conclusions
The data and positive feedback support the transition of AOAC Method 2013.07 from First Action to Final Action.

Highlights
Final action status is supported by data collected during routine use of the method rather than a traditional multi-laboratory collaborative study. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the pC-metamer, and then transformed back to the traditional C-metamer.
Intonational Commitments
Authors: Rudin Deniz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of inquisitive rising declaratives (Gunlogson 2001, Jeong 2018) within the Table model (Farkas & Bruce 2010). On this account, intonational tunes are modifiers of context update functions: rising intonation removes the speaker commitment component of a context update. This delivers a compositional account of the contributions of sentence type and intonational tune to the illocutionary mood of an utterance, showing how the semantic type of declarative sentences, the rising intonational tune, and a general-purpose utterance function (Farkas & Roelofsen 2017) conspire to derive the basic discourse effect of rising declaratives without any construction-specific stipulations. The account makes use of only the most fundamental representational primitives independently necessary to model assertions and neutral questions, showing that rising declaratives can be accounted for without recourse to projected commitments, metalinguistic issues, or explicit marking of commitment strength, evidence source, or epistemic bias (cf. Gunlogson 2008, Northrup 2014, Malamud & Stephenson 2015, Farkas & Roelofsen 2017). Inferences of bias generated by rising declaratives are accounted for with a novel pragmatics for the Table model, formalizing what is implicit in discussions of the role played in the model by speaker commitments and projected Common Grounds.
The development and optimisation of gastro-retentive floating tablets using fused deposition modelling 3D printing
Authors: Oladeji Sinmisola A , Dadou Suha M , Zhao Min , Li Shu , Jones David S , Andrews Gavin P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a robust tablet design for the manufacture of gastro-retentive tablets using fused deposition modelling three-dimensional printing (FDM-3DP) that can provide prolonged gastric residence time with instant floating and minimum influence of process and/or formulation variables.

Methods
Three different polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Soluplus were used, separately, for the manufacture of tablets using FDM-3DP. Tablets were designed in a sandwich model that included voids in the internal structure to support buoyancy.

Key findings
Fabricated tablets from all polymers were instantly buoyant with no floating lag time. Floating duration was in the order: HPC &gt; Soluplus &gt; PVA which can be explained by the density of the tablets. PVA tablets exhibited significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher density values (0.86 ± 0.02 mg/mm3) than HPC and Soluplus (0.69 ± 0.03 and 0.72 ± 0.02 mg/mm3, respectively). HPC and Soluplus showed similar zero-order drug release profiles (f2 &gt; 50) and were able to sustain the release of theophylline for 12 h, whereas complete drug release was achieved from PVA tablets after 3 h.

Conclusions
Robust gastro-retentive tablets that show instant buoyancy regardless of the polymeric carrier type and composition were successfully manufactured utilising FDM-3DP. This allows for overcoming the restrictions posed by process/formulation parameters on the floatability of gastro-retentive tablets.
Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland: case report
Authors: Alshammari Amjad , Aljufairi Eman , Alsayed Anwaar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of salivary glands. Oncocytic variant is rare and could be mistaken for benign entities like oncocytoma and Warthin tumour on cytology. We present a case of a 67-year-old female presented with left parotid gland mass, which was diagnosed as a benign oncocytoma on cytologic examination. Later, the patient underwent left parotidectomy where the histologic examination revealed a malignant oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The distinction between these entities is essential to get a proper management for the patient. On cytology alone, it is quite difficult to differentiate; however, histologic examination shows malignant features including infiltrative borders, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion excluding a benign tumour. The presence of mucin is an important clue to suspect oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Ancillary studies can help reach a wright diagnose, as oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma is positive for P63 and has MAML2 translocation.
Bayesian Nonparametric Joint Model For Domain Point Estimates and Variances Under Biased Observed Variances
Authors: Savitsky Terrance Dean , Gershunskaya Julie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGovernment statistical agencies compose a population statistic for a given domain using a sample of units nested in that domain. Subsequent modeling of these domain survey estimates is often used to “borrow strength” across a dependence structure among the domains to improve estimation accuracy and efficiency. This paper focuses on models jointly defined for sample-based point estimates along with their sample-based estimates of variances. Bias may be present in the sample-based (observed) variances due to small sample sizes or the estimation procedure. We propose a new formulation that extends existing joint model formulations to allow for a multiplicative bias in observed variances. Our approach capitalizes on the unbiasedness property of point estimates. We utilize a nonparametric mixture construction that allows the data to discover distinct bias regimes. As a consequence of the better variance estimation, domain point estimates are more robustly estimated under a joint model for the domain point estimates and their associated variances. We compare the performances of alternative models in application to estimates of total employment from the Current Employment Statistics survey conducted by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, and in simulations.
Active O-acetylserine-(thiol) lyase A and B confer improved selenium resistance and degradel-Cys andl-SeCys in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kurmanbayeva Assylay , Bekturova Aizat , Soltabayeva Aigerim , Oshanova Dinara , Nurbekova Zhadyrassyn , Srivastava Sudhakar , Tiwari Poonam , Dubey Arvind Kumar , Sagi Moshe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe roles of cytosolic O-acetylserine-(thiol)-lyase A (OASTLA), chloroplastic OASTLB, and mitochondrial OASTLC in plant selenate resistance were studied in Arabidopsis. Impairment in OASTLA and OASTLB resulted in reduced biomass, chlorophyll and soluble protein content compared with selenate-treated OASTLC-impaired and wild-type plants. The generally lower total selenium (Se), protein-Se, organic-sulfur and protein-sulfur (S) content in oastlA and oastlB compared with wild-type and oastlC leaves indicated that Se accumulation was not the main cause for the stress symptoms in these mutants. Notably, the application of selenate positively induced S-starvation markers and the OASTLs, followed by increased sulfite reductase, sulfite oxidase activities, and increased sulfite and sulfide concentrations. Taken together, our results indicate a futile anabolic S-starvation response that resulted in lower glutathione and increased oxidative stress symptoms in oastlA and oastlB mutants. In-gel assays of l-cysteine and l-seleno-cysteine, desulfhydrase activities revealed that two of the three OASTL activity bands in each of the oastl single mutants were enhanced in response to selenate, whereas the impaired proteins exhibited a missing activity band. The absence of differently migrated activity bands in each of the three oastl mutants indicates that these OASTLs are major components of desulfhydrase activity, degrading l-cysteine and l-seleno-cysteine in Arabidopsis.
When Black Lives Really Do Matter: Subverting Medical Racism through African-Diasporic Healing Rituals in Toni Morrison’s Fiction
Authors: Cutter Martha J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Toni Morrison spent much of her career detailing the unpredictability of African American existence within a racist society, with a special focus on patriarchal violence and medical apartheid against women’s bodies. Yet Morrison also limns out alternative modes of healing within a Black metacultural framework that moves between Nigeria, Brazil, and Egypt. As we move forward from the COVID-19 crisis, research has suggested that training more African American doctors, nurses, and physician assistants might curtail medical racism. Morrison’s fiction looks to a more basic level in which love of the bodies of African American people is at the center of healing. This article therefore discusses medical racism and applies Morrison’s lessons to the COVID-19 moment that her writing trenchantly foreshadows. It focuses on three healers who elide the medical establishment to embody a metacultural ethics of healing: Baby Suggs (in Beloved [1987]), Consolata Sosa (in Paradise [1997]), and Ethel Fordham (in Home [2012]). Morrison fuses an African-diasporic framework with embodied new knowledge that allows individuals to gain insight and agency in a white-dominant medical world that still refuses to endorse the idea that Black people’s bodies and psyches really do matter. An examination of these healers’ practices therefore sheds light on the COVID-19 moment by suggesting ways that African American people can stay “woke” and have agency when encountering and navigating traditional health care systems, which even today view the bodies of African Americans as fodder for medical experiments, immune to disease, and not in need of ethical and humane medical care.
An updated glitch rate law inferred from radio pulsars
Authors: Millhouse M , Melatos A , Howitt G , Carlin J B , Dunn L , Ashton G 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Radio pulsar glitches probe far-from-equilibrium processes involving stress accumulation and relaxation in neutron star interiors. Previous studies of glitch rates have focused on individual pulsars with as many recorded glitches as possible. In this work, we analyse glitch rates using all available data including objects that have glitched never or once. We assume the glitch rate follows a homogeneous Poisson process, and therefore exclude pulsars that exhibit quasiperiodic glitching behaviour. Calculating relevant Bayes factors shows that a model in which the glitch rate λ scales as a power of the characteristic age τ is preferred over models that depend arbitrarily on powers of the spin frequency ν and/or its time derivative $\dot{\nu }$. For λ = A(τ/τref)−γ, where τref = 1 yr is a reference time, the posterior distributions are unimodal with $A=0.0066_{-0.002}^{+0.003}\ \rm {yr}^{-1}$ and $\gamma =0.27_{-0.03}^{+0.03}$. Importantly, the data exclude with 99 per cent confidence the possibility γ = 1 canvassed in the literature. When objects with zero-recorded glitches are included, the age-based rate law is still preferred and the posteriors change to give $A=0.0099_{-0.003}^{+0.004}\ \rm {yr}^{-1}$ and $\gamma =0.31_{-0.03}^{+0.03}$. The updated estimates still support increased glitch activity for younger pulsars, while demonstrating that the large number of objects with zero glitches contain important statistical information about the rate, provided that they are part of the same population as opposed to a disjoint population which never glitches for some unknown physical reason.
Molecular Evolution across Mouse Spermatogenesis
Authors: Kopania Emily E K , Larson Erica L , Callahan Colin , Keeble Sara , Good Jeffrey M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenes involved in spermatogenesis tend to evolve rapidly, but we lack a clear understanding of how protein sequences and patterns of gene expression evolve across this complex developmental process. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to generate expression data for early (meiotic) and late (postmeiotic) cell types across 13 inbred strains of mice (Mus) spanning ∼7 My of evolution. We used these comparative developmental data to investigate the evolution of lineage-specific expression, protein-coding sequences, and expression levels. We found increased lineage specificity and more rapid protein-coding and expression divergence during late spermatogenesis, suggesting that signatures of rapid testis molecular evolution are punctuated across sperm development. Despite strong overall developmental parallels in these components of molecular evolution, protein and expression divergences were only weakly correlated across genes. We detected more rapid protein evolution on the X chromosome relative to the autosomes, whereas X-linked gene expression tended to be relatively more conserved likely reflecting chromosome-specific regulatory constraints. Using allele-specific FACS expression data from crosses between four strains, we found that the relative contributions of different regulatory mechanisms also differed between cell types. Genes showing cis-regulatory changes were more common late in spermatogenesis, and tended to be associated with larger differences in expression levels and greater expression divergence between species. In contrast, genes with trans-acting changes were more common early and tended to be more conserved across species. Our findings advance understanding of gene evolution across spermatogenesis and underscore the fundamental importance of developmental context in molecular evolutionary studies.
A case of simultaneous onset of highly active systemic lupus erythematosus and IgG4-related renal disease
Authors: Fujita Yuya , Iwata Shigeru , Nakano Kazuhisa , Nakayamada Shingo , Miyazaki Yusuke , Kawabe Akio , Korekoda-Yoshinari Hiroko , Nawata Aya , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The patient was a 73-year-old woman who had hair loss, purpura, and numbness of the soles for past 1 year. Three months prior, she was diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and was admitted to our department. She was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on positive antinuclear antibodies 1280× (speckled type), hair loss, low white blood cell count, positive anti-cardiolipin and anti-ds-DNA antibodies, and lupus retinopathy. In addition, the patient was also diagnosed with immunoglobulin G (IgG)4-related disease (IgG4RD) based on high serum IgG4 levels, ILD, urine occult blood, protein, and cast, and renal histological findings showed endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, increased IgG4 positive plasma cells, and characteristic storiform fibrosis. High-dose glucocorticoid therapy, hydroxychloroquine, and belimumab were administered, which improved the SLE symptoms of lupus retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy, as well as the IgG4RD symptoms of ILD and urinary findings. Herein, we report a rare case of simultaneous onset of IgG4-related nephropathy with active glomerular lesions and SLE, in which renal histology, including fluorescent antibodies, was crucial for diagnosis.
RbgA ensures the correct timing in the maturation of the 50S subunits functional sites
Authors: Seffouh Amal , Trahan Chirstian , Wasi Tanzila , Jain Nikhil , Basu Kaustuv , Britton Robert A , Oeffinger Marlene , Ortega Joaquin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
RbgA is an essential protein for the assembly of the 50S subunit in Bacillus subtilis. Depletion of RbgA leads to the accumulation of the 45S intermediate. A strain expressing a RbgA variant with reduced GTPase activity generates spontaneous suppressor mutations in uL6. Each suppressor strain accumulates a unique 44S intermediate. We reasoned that characterizing the structure of these mutant 44S intermediates may explain why RbgA is required to catalyze the folding of the 50S functional sites. We found that in the 44S particles, rRNA helices H42 and H97, near the binding site of uL6, adopt a flexible conformation and allow the central protuberance and functional sites in the mutant 44S particles to mature in any order. Instead, the wild-type 45S particles exhibit a stable H42-H97 interaction and their functional sites always mature last. The dependence on RbgA was also less pronounced in the 44S particles. We concluded that the binding of uL6 pauses the maturation of the functional sites, but the central protuberance continues to fold. RbgA exclusively binds intermediates with a formed central protuberance and licenses the folding of the functional sites. Through this mechanism, RbgA ensures that the functional sites of the 50S mature last.
CellDART: cell type inference by domain adaptation of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data
Authors: Bae Sungwoo , Na Kwon Joong , Koh Jaemoon , Lee Dong Soo , Choi Hongyoon , Kim Young Tae 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeciphering the cellular composition in genome-wide spatially resolved transcriptomic data is a critical task to clarify the spatial context of cells in a tissue. In this study, we developed a method, CellDART, which estimates the spatial distribution of cells defined by single-cell level data using domain adaptation of neural networks and applied it to the spatial mapping of human lung tissue. The neural network that predicts the cell proportion in a pseudospot, a virtual mixture of cells from single-cell data, is translated to decompose the cell types in each spatial barcoded region. First, CellDART was applied to a mouse brain and a human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue to identify cell types with a layer-specific spatial distribution. Overall, the proposed approach showed more stable and higher accuracy with short execution time compared to other computational methods to predict the spatial location of excitatory neurons. CellDART was capable of decomposing cellular proportion in mouse hippocampus Slide-seq data. Furthermore, CellDART elucidated the cell type predominance defined by the human lung cell atlas across the lung tissue compartments and it corresponded to the known prevalent cell types. CellDART is expected to help to elucidate the spatial heterogeneity of cells and their close interactions in various tissues.
Comparing recent and preindustrial cladoceran assemblages in 35 metal- and smelting-affected lakes near Sudbury (Ontario, Canada)
Authors: Simmatis Brigitte , Paterson Andrew M , Smol John P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Base metal smelting activity around Sudbury (Ontario, Canada) has persisted for over a century, emitting metals and acidifying contaminants that affected lakes downwind of smelter stacks. Although considerable research has been directed toward the paleolimnological study of diatoms and chrysophytes in the region, relatively little comparable work has been completed on invertebrates. Here, cladoceran (Branchiopoda: Cladocera) assemblages are compared using a paleolimnological “top-bottom approach”, comparing preimpact and recent assemblages. Spatiotemporal differences were likely driven by acidification-related stressors and legacy effects of metal contamination. The replacement of the Daphnia longispina complex with the Daphnia pulex complex is attributable to diminished lake-water calcium concentrations. Increased abundances of early colonist taxa demonstrate that many acidified lakes have not fully recovered. Regional stressors further complicate recovery and the interpretation of temporal changes. Finally, clustering of recent cladoceran assemblages reflects the effects of modern multiple stressors and persistent historical stressors. This study shows that acidification history partially explains differences in cladoceran assemblages, but also that multiple stressors will likely continue to influence assemblage composition and recovery in Sudbury lakes. Defining appropriate reference conditions, considering historical and modern stressors, will be important when assessing the extent and trajectory of ecosystem recovery from widespread anthropogenic impacts.
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Dronabinol Use in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Analysis of 12-Week Open-Label Real-World Data Provided by the German Pain e-Registry
Authors: Ueberall Michael A , Horlemann Johannes , Schuermann Norbert , Kalaba Maja , Ware Mark A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol [DRO]) as an add-on treatment in patients with refractory chronic pain (CP).

Methods
An exploratory retrospective analysis of 12-week data provided by the German Pain e-Registry on adult patients with treatment refractory CP who received DRO.

Results
Between March 10, 2017, and June 30, 2019, the German Pain e-Registry collected information on 89,095 patients with pain, of whom 1,145 patients (1.3%) received DRO (53.8% female, mean ± standard deviation age: 56.9 ± 10.6 years), and 70.0% documented use for the entire 12-week evaluation period. The average DRO daily dose was 15.8 ± 7.5 mg, typically in three divided doses (average DRO dose of 5.3 ± 2.1 mg). Average 24-hour pain intensity decreased from 46.3 ± 16.1 to 26.8 ± 18.7 mm on a visual analog scale (absolute visual analog scale difference: –19.5 ± 17.3; P &lt; 0.001). Among patients who completed follow-up, an improvement from baseline of at least 50% was documented for pain (46.5%), activities of daily living (39%), quality of life (31.4%), and sleep (35.3%). A total of 536 patients (46.8%) reported at least one of 1,617 drug-related adverse events, none of which were serious, and 248 patients (21.7%) stopped treatment. Over the 12-week period, 59.0% of patients reported a reduction of other pain treatments, and 7.8% reported a complete cessation of any other pharmacological pain treatments.

Conclusion
Add-on treatment with DRO in patients with refractory CP was well tolerated and associated with a significant improvement.