bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural naphthoquinones and their derivatives as potential drug molecules against trypanosome parasites
Authors: Rani Ruma , Sethi Khushboo , Kumar Sanjay , Varma Rajender S. , Kumar Rajender 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, a number of 1,4‐naphthoquinones have been isolated from natural resources and several of naphthoquinone derivatives with diverse structural motif have been synthesized; they possess a multitude of biochemical properties and modulate numerous pharmacological roles that offer new targets for addressing the challenges pertaining to novel drug developments. Among natural naphthoquinones, lapachol, α‐lapachone, β‐lapachone, lawsone, juglone, and plumbagin have been evaluated for its potential as antitrypanosomal activities. The chemotherapeutic drugs available for combating human trypanosomiasis, that is, American trypanosomiasis and African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, respectively, and animal tripanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma evansi have a problem of drug resistance and several toxic effect. Therefore, search of alternative effective drug molecules, without toxic effects, have enthused the researchers for searching new drug entity with potential clinical efficacy. In the search for new antitrypanosomal compound, this review focuses on different natural quinones and their synthetic derivatives associated with antitrypanosomal studies. In this context, this review will be useful for the development of new antitrypanosomal drugs mainly based on different structural modification of natural and synthetic naphthoquinones.
Financial disclosure transparency and employee wages
Authors: Bai John (Jianqiu) , Serfling Matthew , Shaikh Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe test the hypothesis that less transparent financial disclosures are an undesirable firm attribute that increase the amount of information and unemployment risk that employees bear, resulting in a wage premium. Using establishment‐level wage data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we document that firms with less transparent disclosures pay their employees more, especially when employees bear greater information acquisition costs, have more influence in the wage‐setting process, and own more stock. Our results hold after utilizing instrumental variables and exploiting two quasi‐natural experiments. Overall, our results suggest that disclosure choices can generate externalities on an important group of stakeholders.
Hinotori Surgical Robot System, a novel robot‐assisted surgical platform: Preclinical and clinical evaluation
Authors: Hinata Nobuyuki , Yamaguchi Raizo , Kusuhara Yoshito , Kanayama Hiroomi , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Hara Isao , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of the hinotori™ Surgical Robot System in preclinical and clinical studies.MethodsPreclinical studies on 10 living female porcine and four fresh male cadavers were conducted. Different types of urologic surgical procedures were performed by experienced urological surgeons using the hinotori system: partial nephrectomy, vesicourethral anastomosis, and pelvic lymph node dissection in porcine, and partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection in cadavers. In a multi‐institutional single‐arm clinical study, radical prostatectomy was performed in 30 patients with localized prostate cancer to evaluate safety outcomes. The primary endpoint was safety profiles, including device errors and perioperative complications, and the secondary endpoints were console time, blood loss, and positive surgical margin rate.ResultsThe preclinical results were similar to those reported for the daVinci surgical system. The performance of the hinotori was equivalent to that of the daVinci surgical system, based on a global assessment by the surgeons. Safety was confirmed in a first‐in‐human clinical study of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy using hinotori in 30 patients. The procedures were completed as planned in all cases, and three (10%) perioperative adverse events were observed.ConclusionsThe safety of the newly developed hinotori surgical system was shown in the present preclinical and clinical studies. Further studies are required to confirm its clinical efficacy.
Rural health disparities in health care utilization for dementia in Minnesota
Authors: Rhew Sung Han , Jacklin Kristen , Bright Patrick , McCarty Catherine , Henning‐Smith Carrie , Warry Wayne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeWe visualized rural‐urban differences in inpatient hospitalization and emergency department (ED) health care utilization (HCU) for older adults with dementia to understand the HCU of rural versus urban older adults in Minnesota and to examine in greater detail the variability of HCU in rural areas.MethodsFor 3 older adult age groups, we utilized Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (H‐CUP) datasets from 2016 to 2018 to profile hospital admission rates, and ED visit rates related to dementia stratified by rurality and regions. Rates were visualized by spatial interpolation method. We then used logistic regression analysis adjusted by multiple covariates to evaluate rural‐urban differences of the chance of having a dementia diagnosis in HCU.FindingsMinnesota rural areas showed 17.6% lower age‐adjusted rate (AAR) of dementia mortality than urban areas. AARs of ED visits for dementia were 12.4% higher in rural ZIP codes, whereas AARs of hospitalization were 24.7% lower. After controlling for neighborhood‐level risk factors, such as income, education, health behaviors, and provider access, the odds ratios of having dementia diagnosis are 12% lower if an ED visit patient lives in rural as opposed to an urban area (OR = 0.88, P<.0001).ConclusionsIn comparison to AAR, the fully adjusted data showed larger rural‐urban predictors of having dementia diagnoses in hospitalizations and ED utilizations and demonstrated differences between AAR of ED visit and odds ratios of having dementia diagnosis. A regional comparison revealed that dementia ED visits were higher for Northeast MN compared to Minnesota's largest metropolitan region.
The promise of music therapy for Alzheimer's disease: A review
Authors: Matziorinis Anna Maria , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with cognitive decline. Memory problems are typically among the first signs of cognitive impairment in AD, and they worsen considerably as the disease progresses. However, musical memory is partially spared in patients with AD, despite severe deficits in episodic (and partly semantic) memory. AD patients can learn new songs, encode novel verbal information, and react emotionally to music. These effects of music have encouraged the use and development of music therapy (MT) for AD management. MT is easy to implement and well‐tolerated by most patients and their caregivers. Effects of MT in patients with AD include improved mood, reduced depressive scores and trait anxiety, enhanced autobiographical recall, verbal fluency, and cognition. Here, we review musical memory in AD, therapeutic effects of studies using MT on AD, and potential mechanisms underlying those therapeutic effects. We argue that, because AD begins decades before the presentation of clinical symptoms, music interventions might be a promising means to delay and decelerate the neurodegeneration in individuals at risk for AD, such as individuals with genetic risk or subjective cognitive decline.
Evaluation of the risk factors for BK virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric bone marrow transplantation patients: Does post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide increase the frequency?
Authors: Ersoy Gizem Zengin , Bozkurt Ceyhun , Aksoy Basak Adakli , Öner Özlem Başoğlu , Aydoğdu Selime , Çipe Funda , Sütçü Murat , Özkaya Ozan , Fışgın Tunç 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBKV‐HC is one of the most significant complications of HSCT. This retrospective study aimed to determine the frequency of BKV‐HC in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT, detect the associated risk factors for the development of BKV‐HC, and explore the effects of post‐transplantation Cy use.MethodsThree hundred twenty‐seven patients (girls: 121, boys: 206) were analyzed according to sex, conditioning regimen, transplantation type, donor relatedness, stem cell source, the presence and grade of aGVHD, CMV co‐existence, and Cy use.ResultsMultivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic importance of age (OR: 4.865), TBI use, the presence of aGVHD (OR: 2.794), CMV coinfection (OR: 2.261), and Cy use (OR: 27.353). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean BKV‐HC follow‐up times compared with post‐transplantation Cy intake (p < .001). The BKV‐HC rate increased as the number of risk factors of the patient increased.ConclusionBKV‐HC is an essential complication of HSCT primarily associated with Cy use, the presence of aGVHD, and donor relatedness. The present study shows that the use of Cy in the post‐transplantation period further increases BKV‐HC risk in pediatric patients, regardless of dose.
Testing methodologies for the calibration of advanced plasticity models for sheet metals: A review
Authors: Rossi Marco , Lattanzi Attilio , Morichelli Luca , Martins João M. P. , Thuillier Sandrine , Andrade‐Campos António , Coppieters Sam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerical simulations have become essential in engineering and manufacturing processes involving plasticity. The reliability and effectiveness of the simulations depend strongly on the accuracy of the adopted constitutive model. Accordingly, in recent years, an increasing interest is pointed towards experimental procedures and characterization methods that can be used to identify the constitutive parameters of advanced plasticity models, which allow to simulate properly the plastic behaviour of complex materials like, for instance, high strength steel. This paper provides a thorough review of the current state‐of‐the‐art, looking at both academia and industry. The available methodologies can be subdivided in two main areas: quasi‐homogeneous material tests with analytical or numerical post‐treatment of the experimental data and heterogeneous tests coupled with inverse methods for parameter identification. For each method, a brief description and references to norms and articles is provided, illustrating the advantages and the disadvantages.
Platelet transfusion and mortality in patients with sepsis‐induced thrombocytopenia: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Chen Qin , Pan Jingye , Zhou Aiming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThrombocytopenia is common among sepsis patients. Platelet transfusions are frequently administered to increase platelet counts, but their clinical impacts remain unclear in sepsis‐induced thrombocytopenia. The goal of this study was to explore the association between platelet transfusion and mortality in patients with sepsis‐induced thrombocytopenia.Materials and MethodsThe study was based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database. Septic patients with severe thrombocytopenia (a platelet count ≤ 50/nl) were included in the study and were divided into two groups: a platelet transfusion group (PT group) and a no platelet transfusion group (NPT group). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (LOS‐ICU) and 90‐day mortality. Propensity score matching multivariable logistic regression was used to reduce the imbalance.ResultsA total of 1733 patients were included: 296 patients were included in the PT group and 1437 patients were included in the NPT group. After propensity score matching, 296 paired patients constituted each group. Crude hospital mortality was significantly higher in the PT group than in the NPT group (145 [48.99%] vs. 567 [39.46%], p = 0.002). In the extended multivariable logistic models for hospital mortality, the odds ratio (OR) of receiving a platelet transfusion was consistently significant in all six models (OR range, 1.340–1.525, p < 0.05 for all). In the following subgroups, platelet transfusion was associated with increased in‐hospital mortality: age > 60 years; sex: female; sequential organ failure assessment score ≤8; simplified acute physiology score ≤ 47; platelet count >29/nl and the complication of congestive heart failure. However, there were no significant differences in the 90‐day mortality rate (170 [57.43%] vs. 741 [51.57%], p = 0.066) or the LOS‐ICU (5.84 [2.68–11.78] vs. 4.94 [2.18–12.72], p = 0.442) between the two groups. All these results remained stable after adjustment for confounders and in the comparisons after propensity score matching.ConclusionsThe propensity score‐matched analysis showed that platelet transfusion was associated with increased in‐hospital mortality in septic patients with severe thrombocytopenia (a platelet count ≤ 50/nl). However, it was not associated with 90‐day mortality or the length of ICU stay.
Design and Characterization of a Flexible Self-Inflating Mechanical Structure
Authors: Kamrava Soroush , Tatari Milad , Tjiptowidjojo Yustianto , Nayeb-Hashemi Hamid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inflatable structures are commonly used in a variety of engineering applications such as robotics, space structures, medical devices, and automotive safety devices. However, inflation in these systems often requires a non-flexible external pressurized fluid source. Integration of the pressurized fluid source and the flexible construct sacrifices some of the main advantages of the soft structures such as overall flexibility of the system, weight, and cost of fabrication. In this paper, we introduce a novel design for self-inflating structure with embedded pressurizing module. The design is based on integrating a flexible dome with a cylinder. The pressure inside the cylinder is controlled by subjecting dome to a cyclic compression, causing air exchange between the dome and the cylinder. The performance of this design is fully validated through finite element simulations using fluid structure interactions as well as experimental investigations. The results show that a higher pressure is achieved by having smaller dome height. In addition to controlling internal pressure of the cylinder, the design can be used to control the stiffness of the flexible structure such as soft robotics through pressurization. An application of this conceptual device such as pressurizing a tire is presented. This device is integrated within a tire and tire rotation as well as load on the tire have been shown to pressurize the tire. The final pressure and time to achieve maximum pressure depend on the load to the axel of the tire and tire rotational speed, respectively.
Deaerator Performance Monitoring and Inspection Guideline
Authors:   The Water Technology Subcommittee of the ASME Research and Technology Committee on Water and Steam in Thermal Power Systems
Published: July 2022

The ASME steam/water cycle equipment performance monitoring and inspection guideline series focuses on specific pieces of equipment in the steam/water cycle and provides the user with information on how to plan for, conduct, and interpret the results of equipment inspections. This guideline was prepared by a task group of this subcommittee under the guidance of Colleen M. Scholl. The task group consisted of representatives of manufacturers, operators, and consultants involved with the design, manufacture, operation, and monitoring of industrial and utility deaerators and deaerating heaters. Members of this group are listed in the acknowledgments.
The ASME Research and Technology Committee will review, revise, and reissue this document from time to time as necessary to comply with advances in technology in the design of these units and the water treatment options.
Communicating the Value of Fan Identity in the Sport Industry: Commentary on Consumer Neuroscience Possible Research Ideas
Authors: Cayolla Ricardo 
Published: July 2022

The sport industry has an enormous influence on today’s society, and the various media platforms and stakeholders have a considerable share of that influence. Sport communication has an essential part in that impact. The strong identification consumers create and develop with sports brands has a huge meaning in their lives. In the sphere of consumer neuroscience, there are few studies on the sport industry. This commentary launches possible research ideas, namely about the importance of brand strength in consumers’ minds, as well as the true impact that consumer identification (i.e., fan identity) has on the sport industry.
Trends in weight loss attempts among children in England
Authors: Ahmad Aryati , Little Melissa , Piernas Carmen , Jebb Susan 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo describe trends in reported weight loss attempts among school-aged children and to investigate its sociodemographic determinants.DesignWe analysed data of children who participated in the Health Survey for England from 1997 to 2016 (n=34 235). This repeated cross-sectional survey reported weight loss attempts and sociodemographic characteristics. Body weight and height were measured by trained interviewers, and body mass index for age z-score was calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the sociodemographic determinants.SettingEngland.ParticipantsChildren (8–17 years).Main outcome measuresWeight loss attempts by year, age group, gender, BMI for age z-score, ethnicity and household income.ResultsThe prevalence of reported weight loss attempts increased significantly from 21.4% (1997–1998) to 26.5% (2015–2016). The increase was significant for boys, older children, Asian children, children from lower income households and in all categories of BMI for age z-score. Significant predictors of weight loss attempts included having overweight (8–12 years old, OR 4.01 (%CI 3.47 to 4.64); 13–17 years old, OR 1.96 (%CI 1.58 to 2.42)) or obesity (8–12 years old, OR 13.57 (%CI 11.94 to 15.43); 13–17 years old, OR 4.72 (%CI 3.94 to 5.66)) as well as being older, girls, from ethnic minority groups or low household income.ConclusionThe prevalence of reported weight loss attempts among children is increasing at a faster rate than the rise in excess weight and includes an increasing proportion of children with a ‘healthy’ weight. The increase in the prevalence of reported weight loss attempts among children is greatest among subgroups with lower baseline prevalence.
Under-representation of female athletes in research informing influential concussion consensus and position statements: an evidence review and synthesis
Authors: D'Lauro Christopher , Jones Emily Ruth , Swope Lily MC , Anderson Melissa N , Broglio Steven , Schmidt Julianne D 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to quantify the female athlete composition of the research data informing the most influential consensus and position statements in treating sports-related concussions.DesignWe identified the most influential concussion consensus and position statements through citation and documented clinician use; then, we analysed the percentage of male and female athletes from each statement’s cited research.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed on 26 August 2021 with no date restrictions for English language studies using the terms ‘concussion position statement’ and ‘concussion consensus statement.’Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesBased on each statement having multiple statement editions, documented clinician use, and substantial citation advantages, we selected the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA, 2014), International Conference on Concussion in Sport (ICCS, 2017) and the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM, 2019). We extracted all cited studies from all three papers for assessment. For each paper analysing human data, at least two authors independently recorded female athlete participant data.ResultsA total of 171 distinct studies with human participants were cited by these three consensus and position papers and included in the female athlete analyses (93 NATA; 13 ICCS; 65 AMSSM). All three statements documented a significant under-representation of female athletes in their cited literature, relying on samples that were overall 80.1% male (NATA: 79.9%, ICCS: 87.8 %, AMSSM: 79.4%). Moreover, 40.4% of these studies include no female participants at all.ConclusionFemale athletes are significantly under-represented in the studies guiding clinical care for sport-related concussion for a broad array of sports and exercise medicine clinicians. We recommend intentional recruitment and funding of gender diverse participants in concussion studies, suggest authorship teams reflect diverse perspectives, and encourage consensus statements note when cited data under-represent non-male athletes.
Design and implementation of a novel patient-centered empowerment approach for pain optimisation in children undergoing major surgery
Authors: Chidambaran Vidya , Simpson Blair , Brower Laura , Hanke Rachel , Mecoli Marc , Lane Blake , Williams Sara , McKenna Emily , Bates Christina , Kraemer Aimee , Sturm Peter , Brown Rebeccah , Dunseath Linda , Vogel Craig , Garcia Victor 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPaediatric surgery is a stressful experience for patients and caregivers. While standardised protocols are the norm, patient-centred approaches are needed to empower patients/caregivers for an optimal perioperative pain experience. To address this gap, we employed a patient-centred approach using design thinking (DT) methodology to develop insights, map processes, identify opportunities and design solutions for individualised empowerment tools.MethodsIn consultation with DT experts, a multidisciplinary team of stakeholders (healthcare providers, patients who underwent pectus excavatum/scoliosis surgery and their caregivers), were invited to participate in surveys, interviews and focus groups. The project was conducted in two sequential stages each over 24 weeks—involving 7 families in stage 1 and 16 patients/17 caregivers in stage 2. Each stage consisted of three phases: design research (focus groups with key stakeholders to review and apply collective learnings, map processes, stressors, identify influencing factors and opportunities), concept ideation (benchmarking and co-creation of new solutions) and concept refinement.ResultsIn stage 1, mapping of stress/anxiety peaks identified target intervention times. We identified positive and negative influencers as well as the need for consistent messaging from the healthcare team in our design research. Current educational tools were benchmarked, parent-child engagement dyads determined and healthcare-based technology-based solutions conceived. The ‘hero’s journey’ concept which has been applied to other illness paradigms for motivation successfully the was adapted to describe surgery as a transformative experience. In stage 2, patient and caregiver expectations, distinct personas and responses to perioperative experience were categorised. Educational tools and an empowerment tool kit based on sensorial, thinking, relaxation and activity themes, tailored to parent/child categories were conceptualised.ConclusionDT methodology provided novel family centred insights, enabling design of tailored empowerment toolkits to optimise perioperative experience. Adapting the hero’s journey call to adventure may motivate and build resilience among children undergoing surgery.