bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of resilience in the security policy of the North Atlantic Alliance and the Republic of Poland
Authors: Wywiał Przemysław 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe purpose of the article is to present the place of resilience in the security strategy of the North Atlantic Alliance and the Republic of Poland. This is particularly important in the context of the Russian Federation's military aggression against Ukraine and Moscow's attempts to destabilize other regions. In light of such a stated goal, the following research problem was established: will the concept of resilience to threats become a key concept for NATO and Polish security policy in the third decade of the 21st century?MethodsThe research methods used in the research process primarily included analysis of source materials (legal acts), scientific studies and publications of government institutions.ResultsThe results of the study confirmed the thesis that the concept of resilience now occupies a very important place in the security policy of the North Atlantic Alliance and Poland. This is their response primarily to the aggressive policies of the Russian Federation: the attack against Ukraine, threats against NATO (including Poland), the attempt to destabilize the situation in other regions of the world. NATO, including Poland, has realized the need to build efficient collective defense mechanisms and resilience to military and non-military threats.ConclusionsConclusions of the research indicate that the North Atlantic Alliance is increasing its emphasis on creating resilience to threats. Unfortunately, in Poland, the apt provisions of the National Security Strategy regarding resilience and universal defense have so far remained only in the realm of declarations.
Efeitos Medicinais Do Extrato De Phyllanthus Niruri (Chá De Quebra-Pedra): Síntese De Evidências
Authors: Ferraz Renato Ribeiro Nogueira , Pinguer Eduardo de Andrade , Melo Júnior Valdemar Soares de , Zogaib Giulia Veneziani , Medeiros Ana Daniele Queiroz de , Moncorvo Maria Fernanda Marques , Shiomi da Cruz José Arnaldo 
Published: December 2022

Introdução: O gênero Phyllanthus tem sido utilizado na medicina tradicional por sua ampla gama de atividades farmacológicas, como antimicrobiana, antioxidante, anticancerígena, anti-inflamatória, antiplasmódica, antiviral, diurética e hepatoprotetora.
Objetivo: Revisar a literatura especializada acerca dos efeitos medicinais do extrato de Phyllanthus niruri.
Método: As bases de dados escolhidas para seleção dos trabalhos foram a PUBMED, a LILACS e a SCIELO, utilizando a seguinte estratégia de busca: “Phyllanthus niruri”.
Resultados: Foram identificados 10 trabalhos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos.
Conclusões: Os efeitos terapêuticos dos extratos de Phyllanthus, em especial do Phyllanthus niruri, ainda são controversos. Enquanto alguns autores sugerem efeitos positivos no tratamento da hepatite B, ainda não existe consenso sobre a referida positividade. Quanto ao tratamento da litíase urinária, pode-se afirmar que o popularmente conhecido “chá de quebra-pedra” não é capaz de quebrar cálculos, mas parece reduzir a excreção de substâncias promotoras de cristalização. Os potenciais efeitos antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórios dos extratos contendo Phyllanthus niruri parecem reduzir a taxa de formação e contribuir para a eliminação de pequenos cálculos ou de seus fragmentos.
MOSCOW VS PETERSBURG IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SKETCH «PETERSBURG AND MOSCOW» BY V.BELINSKY
Authors: Башкеева Вера Викторовна , Савина Яна Олеговна 
Published: December 2022

В статье идет речь об особенностях восприятия двух центральных городов России в физиологическом очерке В.Г. Белинского «Петербург и Москва». Выявлены характерные черты новой и старой столиц путем анализа концептов «Европа/Азия», «Гений/История(?)», «Внешнее/Внутреннее» и определена сложная, меняющаяся позиция автора.
In the article refers to the peculiarities of perception of the two central cities of Russia in the physiological sketch «Petersburg and Moscow» by V.Belinsky. The characteristic features of the new and old capitals are revealed by analyzing the concepts of «Europe/Asia», «Genius/History(?)», «External/Internal», the complex and changing position of the author is determined.
ArtPop: A Stellar Population and Image Simulation Python Package
Authors: Greco Johnny P. , Danieli Shany 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present Artificial Stellar Populations (ArtPop), an open-source Python package for synthesizing stellar populations and generating artificial images of stellar systems, populated star by star. The code is designed to be intuitive to use and as modular as possible, making it possible to use each of its functionalities independently or together. ArtPop has a wide range of scientific and pedagogical use cases, including the measurement of detection efficiencies in current and future imaging surveys, the calculation of integrated stellar population parameters, quantitative comparisons of isochrone models, and the development and validation of astronomical image-processing algorithms. In this paper, we give an overview of the ArtPop package, provide simple coding examples to demonstrate its implementation, and present results from some potential applications of the code. We provide links to the source code that created each example and figure throughout the paper. ArtPop is under active development, and we welcome bug reports, feature requests, and code contributions from the community.

https://artpop.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

https://github.com/ArtificialStellarPopulations/ArtPop/

https://artpop.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/quickstart.html

https://github.com/ArtificialStellarPopulations/artpop-paper-figures/blob/main/scripts/
A Scintillation Arc Survey of 22 Pulsars with Low to Moderate Dispersion Measures
Authors: Stinebring Dan R. , Rickett Barney J. , Minter Anthony H. , Hill Alex S. , Jussila Adam P. , Mathis Lele , McLaughlin Maura A. , Ocker Stella Koch , Ransom Scott M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context. By providing information about the location of scattering material along the line of sight (LoS) to pulsars, scintillation arcs are a powerful tool for exploring the distribution of ionized material in the interstellar medium (ISM). Here, we present observations that probe the ionized ISM on scales of ∼0.001–30 au. Aims. We have surveyed pulsars for scintillation arcs in a relatively unbiased sample with DM < 100 pc cm−3. We present multifrequency observations of 22 low to moderate DM pulsars. Many of the 54 observations were also observed at another frequency within a few days. Methods. For all observations, we present dynamic spectra, autocorrelation functions, and secondary spectra. We analyze these data products to obtain scintillation bandwidths, pulse broadening times, and arc curvatures. Results. We detect definite or probable scintillation arcs in 19 of the 22 pulsars and 34 of the 54 observations, showing that scintillation arcs are a prevalent phenomenon. The arcs are better defined in low DM pulsars. We show that well-defined arcs do not directly imply anisotropy of scattering. Only the presence of reverse arclets and a deep valley along the delay axis, which occurs in about 20% of the pulsars in the sample, indicates substantial anisotropy of scattering. Conclusions. The survey demonstrates substantial patchiness of the ionized ISM on both astronomical-unit-size scales transverse to the LoS and on ∼100 pc scales along it. We see little evidence for distributed scattering along most lines of sight in the survey.
Repeated Mergers of Black Hole Binaries: Implications for GW190521
Authors: Anagnostou Oliver , Trenti Michele , Melatos Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The gravitational wave event GW190521 involves the merger of two black holes of ∼85 M
⊙ and ∼66 M
⊙ forming an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) of mass ∼142 M
⊙. Both progenitors are challenging to explain within standard stellar evolution as they are within the upper black hole mass gap. We propose a dynamical formation pathway for this IMBH based on multiple mergers in the core of a globular cluster. We identify such scenarios from analysis of a set of 58 N-body simulations using NBODY6-gpu. In one of our simulations, we observe a stellar black hole undergoing a chain of seven binary mergers within 6 Gyr, attaining a final mass of 97.8 M
⊙. We discuss the dynamical interactions that lead to the final IMBH product, as well as the evolution of the black hole population in that simulation. We explore statistically the effects of gravitational recoil on the viability of such hierarchical mergers. From the analysis of all 58 simulations we observe additional smaller chains, tentatively inferring that an IMBH formation through hierarchical mergers is expected in the lifetime of a median-mass globular cluster with probability 0.01 ≲ p ≲ 0.1 without gravitational merger recoil. Using this order-of-magnitude estimate we show that our results are broadly consistent with the rate implied by GW190521, assuming that gravitational recoil ejection of progenitors has a low probability. We discuss implications for future gravitational wave detections, emphasizing the importance of studying such formation pathways for black holes within the upper mass gap as a means to constrain such modeling.
Solar Energetic Particle Acceleration at a Spherical Shock with the Shock Normal Angle
θBn
Evolving in Space and Time
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , Giacalone Joe , Guo Fan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a 2D kinematic model to study the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) at a shock driven by a coronal mass ejection. The shock is assumed to be spherical about an origin that is offset from the center of the Sun. This leads to a spatial and temporal evolution of the angle between the magnetic field and the shock-normal direction (θ

Bn
) as it propagates through the Parker spiral magnetic field from the lower corona to 1 au. We find that the high-energy SEP intensity varies significantly along the shock front due to the evolution of θ

Bn
. Generally, the west flank of the shock preferentially accelerates particles to high energies compared to the east flank and shock nose. This can be understood in terms of the rate of acceleration, which is higher at the west flank. Double power-law energy spectra are reproduced in our model as a consequence of the local acceleration and transport effects. These results will help us to better understand the evolution of SEP acceleration and provide new insights into large SEP events observed by multiple spacecraft, especially those close to the Sun, such as Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
The Value of Routine Tests before Pediatric Eye Surgery
Authors: Horikawa Hideyo , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Yamazaki Mitsuaki 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Routine tests before ophthalmologic surgery in adult patients are no longer recommended. However, there are limited data on the utility of routine preoperative tests for children.

Aims:
We aimed to describe the effect of routine preoperative tests on systemic perioperative complications by hospital discharge or by day 30 following eye surgery.

Settings and Design:
This was a single-center, observational, and descriptive study.

Subjects and Methods:
We examined all patients ≤ 17 years old for whom ophthalmologists consulted with anesthesiologists before eye surgery under general anesthesia in an academic teaching tertiary care hospital from January 2010 to December 2019.

Results:
A total of 708 pediatric patients were analyzed. The mean patient age was 8.5 ± 4.6 years. The most frequently performed procedure was strabismus surgery in 433 patients (61.2%). Following anesthetic consultations, 15 patients (2.1%) underwent surgery postponed due to abnormalities at the physical examination. Routine tests identified that the two patients (0.3%) required additional evaluations due to elevated serum creatine kinase and electrocardiographic abnormalities. However, further examinations found that these abnormalities were unremarkable. The remaining 691 patients (97.6%) underwent surgery as scheduled. Substantial intraoperative blood loss was observed only in three patients with malignant tumors or trauma. The incidence of systemic complications was 0 (0%; 95% confidence interval, 0%–0.05%).

Conclusions:
These data indicated that the development of systemic perioperative complications following pediatric ophthalmic surgery is rare. Preoperative tests should be requested only if they are clinically indicated or before potentially bleeding procedures, such as malignancy or trauma surgery.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of genital dermatoses in people living with HIV
Authors: Dhillon Supreet Kaur , Kura Mahendra M. 
Published: December 2022

Context:
The protean mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV and the resultant opportunistic infections are well documented. Genital dermatoses can be either venereal or nonvenereal in origin. As the presence of HIV infection greatly increases the chances of acquiring another sexually transmitted pathogen, these are often presumed to be venereal in origin.

Aims:
The aims of the study were to record the different morphologies of genital skin lesions in seropositive patients and to classify them as venereal or nonvenereal in origin.

Settings and Design:
This was an observational study undertaken in seropositive patients with genital skin lesions attending the outpatient department of dermatology at a tertiary health-care center.

Subjects and Methods:
One hundred and seventy-seven seropositive patients with genital lesions were enrolled. A detailed history was taken; the genital and dermatological examination was performed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
None.

Results:
Males predominated the study population with the majority (79.1%) falling into the reproductive age group of 15–49 years. Nonvenereal genital dermatoses (59%) outnumbered sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (41%) out of which the most frequently encountered were dermatophytosis, scabies, and intertrigo. Other entities recorded were inflammatory dermatoses, cutaneous adverse drug reactions, and tumors. The most common STIs were herpes genitalis (55.4%) and anogenital warts (32.5%).

Conclusion:
This study showed that nonvenereal genital dermatoses are more common than STIs in people living with HIV. Our findings reiterate the fact that genital lesions should be approached with caution as a presumptive and hasty diagnosis of STI adds greatly to the morbidity of the patient in terms of guilt and shame, and adversely affects the quality of life.
Prevalence of Artifacts in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Mahesh K. P. , Deshpande Prasannasrinivas , Viveka S 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
In dentistry, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an essential diagnostic technique. To use CBCT imaging technology efficiently, it is vital to understand its benefits and limits. Artifacts are discrepancies between the reconstructed visual image and the actual content of the subject that can reduce anatomic accuracy.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of artifacts in CBCT images.

Materials and Methods:
Three hundred sixty-five CBCT images were retrospectively studied to identify artifacts, and the prevalence of different artifacts was recorded. Frequency and percentages are used for descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used for interventional statistics.

Results:
Artifacts were observed in two hundred forty-five images examined. The most prevalent image artifact recorded was the beam hardening artifact that falls under the physics-based category.

Conclusion:
Physics-based and scanner-based artifacts may be avoided by concentrating on X-ray parameters and scanner detector state, respectively. To limit the frequency of patient-based artifacts in CBCT images, patients should be instructed to remove any metallic jewelry and be stabilized appropriately. Scan time should be maintained to a minimum.
Correlation of a New Binary System in Grading of Oral Leukoplakia for Its Prediction of Malignant Transformation - A Retrospective Record-Based Study
Authors: Sangamesh N. C. , Suresan Vinay , Vidya K. C. , Singh Dhirendra K. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Oral Leukoplakia is a premalignant lesion with an increased risk of developing oral cancer when the lesion is non-homogeneous. There is a need to validate clinical presentations of a commonly occurring Leukoplakia lesion and its probability of dysplastic changes over some time.

Aim:
To correlate the Diagnostic accuracy of clinical lesion diagnosed as Leukoplakia and the presence or absence of dysplasia through its histopathological correlation.

Materials and Methods:
This study gathered data retrospectively during 2016–2021 with an initial diagnosis of oral Leukoplakia. A set of 611 slides were included in the study that was signed out as oral Leukoplakia. We tested the hypothesis that a binary grading system categorizes lesions as “presence” or “absence” of oral epithelial dysplasia. A logistic regression analysis was used in predicting the presence of dysplasia among the various clinical criteria.

Results:
Most of the mild dysplasia was reported in the buccal mucosa (n = 195; 31.91%), followed by 6 (0.98%) cases in the vestibule. A mean age of 32.33 ± 7.0 was observed for severe dysplasia. A statistically significant relationship between the risk estimates for the clinical diagnosis and dysplasia was noted for all the lesion types.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that the clinical presentation of a lesion can predict the underlying dysplastic changes, and mixed red and white lesions with growth possess the highest risk of malignant transformations.
Evaluation of the efficacy of BIG score and injury severity score in the prediction of mortality in pediatric blunt polytrauma
Authors: Arafa Mohamed A. , Elheniedy Mohamed A. , Elafifi Mahmoud , Taha Waleed M. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Pediatric polytrauma is the first cause of death in childhood, representing more than all other causes of death combined; it also represents the leading cause of permanent disability in this population.

Aim
Our aim was to discover the effectiveness of BIG score (abbreviation taken of the first letter of Base deficit, International normalized ratio, and Glasgow coma scale) injury severity score (ISS) in children less than 16 years presenting with blunt polytrauma as an early predictor for mortality in the Emergency Department, Tanta University Hospital.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was conducted on 105 cases of less than 16 years with blunt polytrauma of both sexes, who were admitted to the Emergency and Traumatology Department in Tanta University Hospitals, in the period from March 2019 till March 2020.

Results
BIG score was superior to ISS in the prediction of mortality and superior also to Glasgow coma scale, international normalized ratio, or base deficit alone. Taking the cutoff more than or equal to 18 of BIG score to predict mortality has a sensitivity of 97.62%, specificity of 85.71, and a cutoff more than or equal to 21 of ISS to predict mortality has a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 80.95%.

Conclusion
Pediatric BIG score is an easily applicable method for predicting mortality in the pediatric emergency and is superior to ISS in the prediction of mortality. This may represent a guide in the evaluation of early invasive and noninvasive monitoring and treatment plans in the ICU.
Evaluation of C-reactive protein and platelet–lymphocyte ratio as potential tumor markers in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Abd Elkawy Nada F. , Elkhouly Reham Abd E. , Mabrouk Maaly M. , El Kassas Galal El Din M. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of liver malignancy. For HCCs with low or normal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), several indicators have been proposed.

Aim
To evaluate C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as potential HCC markers.

Patients and methods
This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Tropical Medicine Department of Tanta University. A total of 90 patients with cirrhosis owing to chronic hepatitis C were divided into group 1, which included 30 patients with HCC with low AFP; group 2, which included 30 patients with HCC with elevated AFP (>20 ng/ml); and group 3, which included 30 patients with liver cirrhosis (as control group). The PLR, CRP, and AFP were measured in each group.

Results
There were significant differences among the studied groups regarding CRP and AFP, with highest levels in group 2 and then group 1 and the least level in group 3. PLR showed significantly higher levels in group 3 when compared with group 2 and group 1.

Conclusion
CRP can differentiate patients with HCC in total and patients with HCC with low AFP from patients with cirrhosiswith high sensitivity and moderate specificity. When PLR is combined with CRP, the specificity is increased for the diagnosis of HCC cases from patients with cirrhosis.
Upaya Perwujudan Moderasi Beragama Di Kalangan Siswa Melalui Buku Teks
Authors: Musyrifin Ilmi Mu'min , Fawwaz Muhammad Faiz Andeaz , Maesaroh Indah , Jubba Hasse 
Published: December 2022

Perwujudan moderasi beragama di Indonesia merupakan salah satu hal yang penting untuk banyak pihak. Tidak hanya terbatas pada golongan dewasa, upaya untuk menanamkan nilai persatuan dan kebersamaan di atas perbedaan juga dilakukan pada anak-anak muda. Disamping untuk mempersiapkan generasi selanjutnya untuk mengisi Indonesia, angka intoleransi diantara pemuda tingkat pertama di Indonesia tergolong cukup tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis upaya perwujudan membangun sikap moderasi beragama di kalangan pemuda Indonesia melalui buku teks yang dilihat dari empat indikator moderasi beragama menurut Kementerian Agama RI. Penelitian ini menggunakan model studi pustaka dengan menggunakan sumber utama penelitian buku teks Pendidikan Agama Islam jenjang Sekolah Menengah Pertama kelas 7, 8, dan 9. Hasilnya adalah bahwa empat indikator moderasi beragama menurut Kementerian Agama RI yakni komitmen, toleransi, anti kekerasan, dan akomodatif terhadap budaya lokal belum secara keseluruhan termuat dalam setiap buku teks. Dengan demikian, disarankan untuk melakukan pembaruan materi terkait moderasi beragama supaya memuat pembahasan secara menyeluruh semua indikator tersebut. Selain melalui buku teks, guru juga menyampaikan moderasi beragama dengan berbagai macam model pembelajaran dengan menyesuaikan bahan ajar pada buku teks. Model-model pembelajaran yang ada diantaranya adalah problem based learning, project based learning dan contextual learning. Tulisan ini masih terbatas pembahasannya terkait upaya perwujudan moderasi beragama hanya dinilai dari empat indikator moderasi beragama menurut Kementerian Agama RI saja. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini menyarankan untuk melakukan berbagai kajian yang lebih luas dengan menambahkan sumber buku yang dianalisa guna memberikan perwujudan generasi muda di Indonesia yang moderat.
Kata Kunci: Moderasi Beragama, Siswa, Buku Teks