bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transient receptor potential channel-related model based on machine learning for evaluating tumor microenvironment and immunotherapeutic strategies in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hua Jingsheng , Ding Tianling , Shao Yanping 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in AML still need to be further explored. A TRP channel-related model based on machine learning was established in this study.MethodsThe data were downloaded from TCGA-LAML and Genome-Tissue Expression (GTEx). TRP-related genes (TRGs) were extracted from previous literature. With the use of Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), TRP enrichment scores (TESs) were calculated. The limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic DEGs. The above prognostic DEGs were analyzed by Random Survival Forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis to create the TRP signature. The Kaplan–Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to investigate the efficiency and accuracy of prognostic prediction. Moreover, genomic mutation analysis was based on GISTIC analysis. Based on ESTIMATE, TIMER, MCPcounter, and ssGSEA, the tumor microenvironment and immunological characteristics were expressly evaluated to explore immunotherapeutic strategies. Enrichment analysis for TRP signature was based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), over-representation analysis (ORA), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and pRRophetic were used to carry out drug sensitivity analysis. Conclusively, SCHIP1 was randomly selected to perform in vitro cyto-functional experiments.ResultsThe worse clinical outcomes of patients with higher TESs were observed. There were 107 differentially expressed TRGs identified. Our data revealed 57 prognostic TRGs. Eight TRGs were obtained to establish the prognostic TRP signature, and the worse clinical outcomes of patients with higher TRP scores were found. The efficiency and accuracy of TRP signature in predicting prognosis were confirmed by ROC curves and five external validation datasets. Our data revealed that the mutation rates of DNMT3A, IDH2, MUC16, and TTN were relatively high. The level of infiltrating immune cell populations, stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores increased as the TRP scores increased. Nevertheless, AML patients with lower TRP scores exhibited more tumor purity. The TRP scores were found to be correlated with immunomodulators and immune checkpoints, thus revealing immune characteristics and immunotherapeutic strategies. The IC50 values of six chemotherapeutics were lower in the high TRP score (HTS) group. Finally, it was found that SCHIP1 may be the oncogenic gene.ConclusionThe results of this study will help in understanding the role of TRP and SCHIP1 in the prognosis and development of AML.
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma: A pooled analysis of prospective clinical trials
Authors: Zhu Jie , Leng Xuefeng , Gao Binyang , Wang Bo , Zhang Hanlin , Wu Lei , Ma Jiabao , Tan Yan , Peng Lin , Han Yongtao , Wang Qifeng 
Published: December 2022

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) plus radical esophagectomy is currently the standard treatment for resectable esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable esophageal or GEJ carcinoma. Prospective clinical trials investigating efficacy and/or safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) followed by radical esophagectomy in patients with newly diagnosed resectable esophageal or GEJ carcinoma were identified through literature search. Quality assessment was performed by using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Preliminary treatment outcomes of pathologically complete response (pCR, ypT0N0) and grade 3-4 adverse effects (AEs) were pooled together and then compared with standard NCRT of the historical control CROSS study by Chi-square (χ2) test. A two-sided P value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 17 eligible non-randomized trials with 455 participants were included into analysis. The most common primary endpoint was pCR (n = 7, 41%), and the median sample size and follow-up period was 23 patients and 7.9 months, respectively. For patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy, the overall pCR, R0 resection, and grade 3-4 AE rates were 33.2%, 95.5%, and 35.1%, respectively. For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC), neoadjuvant immunochemoradiotherapy showed no significant improvement in pCR rate than NCRT (ESCC, 50% vs 48.7%, P = 0.9; EAC, 32.6% vs 23.1%, P = 0.22). Grade 3-4 AEs were the most common in patients with neoadjuvant immunochemoradiotherapy, significantly higher than immunochemotherapy (46.7% vs 32.8%, P = 0.04) and NCRT (46.7% vs 18.1%, P &lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, for patients with resectable esophageal or GEJ carcinoma, the addition of ICIs to standard NCRT could not improve pCR rate in both ESCC and EAC, but significantly increased the risk of severe AEs. Large-scale phase 3 randomized trials were urgently needed to further confirm the survival benefit and safety profile of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
How artificial potential field algorithms can help to simulate trade-offs in movement behaviour of reef fishes
Authors: Kruse Maren , Meyer Christian , Schneekloth Fabian , Reuter Hauke 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionSpace use patterns in fish result from the interactions between individual movement behaviour and characteristics of the environment. Herbivorous parrotfishes, for instance, are constrained by the availability of resources and different predation risks. The resulting spatial distribution of the fish population can strongly influence community composition and ecosystem resilience.MethodsIn a novel approach, we combine individual-based modelling (IBM) with an artificial potential field algorithm to realistically represent fish movements and the decision-making process. Potential field algorithms, which are popular methods in mobile robot path planning, efficiently generate the best paths for an entity to navigate through vector fields of repellent and attracting forces. In our model the repellent and attracting forces are predation risk and food availability, both implemented as separate grid-based vector fields. The coupling of individual fish bioenergetics with a navigation capacity provides a mechanistic basis to analyse how the habitat structure influences population dynamics and space utilization.ResultsModel results indicate that movement patterns and the resulting spatial distributions strongly depend on habitat fragmentation with the bioenergetic capacity to spawn and reproduce being particularly susceptible processes at the individual level. The resulting spatial distributions of the population are more irregularly distributed among coral reef patches the more the coral reef habitat becomes fragmented and reduced.DiscussionThis heterogeneity can have strong implications for the delivered ecosystem functioning, e.g., by concentrating or diluting the grazing effort. Our results also highlight the importance of incorporating individual foraging-path patterns and the spatial exploitation of microhabitats into marine spatial planning by considering the effects of fragmentation. The integration of potential fields into IBMs represents a promising strategy to advance our understanding of complex decision-making in animals by implementing a more realistic and dynamic decision-making process, in which each fish weighs different rewards and risks of the environment. This information may help to identify core areas and essential habitat patches and assist in effective marine spatial management.
Analysis of the impact of social determinants and primary care morbidity on population health outcomes by combining big data: A research protocol
Authors: Couso-Viana Sabela , Bentué-Martínez Carmen , Delgado-Martín María Victoria , Cabeza-Irigoyen Elena , León-Latre Montserrat , Concheiro-Guisán Ana , Rodríguez-Álvarez María Xosé , Román-Rodríguez Miguel , Roca-Pardiñas Javier , Zúñiga-Antón María , García-Flaquer Ana , Pericàs-Pulido Pau , Sánchez-Recio Raquel , González-Álvarez Beatriz , Rodríguez-Pastoriza Sara , Gómez-Gómez Irene , Motrico Emma , Jiménez-Murillo José Luís , Rabanaque Isabel , Clavería Ana 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIn recent years, different tools have been developed to facilitate analysis of social determinants of health (SDH) and apply this to health policy. The possibility of generating predictive models of health outcomes which combine a wide range of socioeconomic indicators with health problems is an approach that is receiving increasing attention. Our objectives are twofold: (1) to predict population health outcomes measured as hospital morbidity, taking primary care (PC) morbidity adjusted for SDH as predictors; and (2) to analyze the geographic variability of the impact of SDH-adjusted PC morbidity on hospital morbidity, by combining data sourced from electronic health records and selected operations of the National Statistics Institute (Instituto Nacional de Estadística/INE).MethodsThe following will be conducted: a qualitative study to select socio-health indicators using RAND methodology in accordance with SDH frameworks, based on indicators published by the INE in selected operations; and a quantitative study combining two large databases drawn from different Spain’s Autonomous Regions (ARs) to enable hospital morbidity to be ascertained, i.e., PC electronic health records and the minimum basic data set (MBDS) for hospital discharges. These will be linked to socioeconomic indicators, previously selected by geographic unit. The outcome variable will be hospital morbidity, and the independent variables will be age, sex, PC morbidity, geographic unit, and socioeconomic indicators.AnalysisTo achieve the first objective, predictive models will be used, with a test-and-training technique, fitting multiple logistic regression models. In the analysis of geographic variability, penalized mixed models will be used, with geographic units considered as random effects and independent predictors as fixed effects.DiscussionThis study seeks to show the relationship between SDH and population health, and the geographic differences determined by such determinants. The main limitations are posed by the collection of data for healthcare as opposed to research purposes, and the time lag between collection and publication of data, sampling errors and missing data in registries and surveys. The main strength lies in the project’s multidisciplinary nature (family medicine, pediatrics, public health, nursing, psychology, engineering, geography).
Stromal protein CCN family contributes to the poor prognosis in lower-grade gioma by modulating immunity, matrix, stemness, and metabolism
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Wu Jiasheng , Ji Hang , Zhao Hongtao , Wang Fang , Dong Jiawei , Zhang Jiheng , Wang Nan , Yan Xiuwei , Wang Kaikai , Hu Shaoshan 
Published: December 2022

Background: The CCN family of stromal proteins is involved in the regulation of many important biological functions. However, the role of dysregulated CCN proteins in lower-grade glioma (LGG) remain less understand.Methods: The clinical significance of the CCN proteins was explored based on RNA-seq profiles from multiple cohorts. A CCNScore was constructed using LASSO regression analysis. The PanCanAtlas data and MEXPRESS database were employed to elucidate molecular underpinnings.Results: The expression of CCN4 was associated with poor prognosis in LGG. The CCNScore (CCN1 = 0.06, CCN4 = 0.86) showed implication in prognosis prediction, subtype assessment and therapy selection. The gene mutation pattern of the high-CCNScore group was similar with glioblastoma, including EGFR, PTEN, and NF1 mutation frequently. Besides, the high-CCNScore group was comprised of samples mainly classic-like and mesenchymal-like, had lower methylation levels, higher stemness, higher inflammation, higher levels of extracellular matrix remodel and dysfunction of metabolic pathways. On the other hand, the low-CCNScore group consisted mainly of IDH-mutation LGG, and was characterized by TP53, CIC, and ATRX gene mutations, hyper-methylation status, lower stemness, lower proliferation, immune quietness and low extracellular matrix stiffness.Conclusion: In summary, these results outlined the role of CCN family in LGG and provided a potential and promising therapeutic target.
A three-week in-hospital multidisciplinary body weight reduction program exerts beneficial effects on physical and mental health and fatiguability of elderly patients with obesity
Authors: Guerrini Usubini Anna , Bottacchi Michela , Bondesan Adele , Caroli Diana , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Sartorio Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionObesity represents one of the most serious problems of public health affecting elderly populations in an increasingly relevant way. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of a 3-week in-hospital multidisciplinary body weight reduction program (BWRP) in a sample of elderly patients with obesity on reducing body mass index (BMI), improving fatigue, muscle performance, and psychological well-being.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-seven consecutive elderly in-patients with obesity (males = 84; females = 153; age range = 65–86 yrs.; mean BMI = 43.7) undergoing a three-week multidisciplinary BWRP participated in the study. Data on BMI, fatiguability (measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS), muscle performance (evaluated with the Stair Climbing Test, SCT), and psychological well-being (assessed with the Psychological General Well- Being Index, PGWBI) were collected before and after the intervention.ResultsResults showed that BWRP was capable to reduce BMI [F(1.00, 235.00) = 1226.8; p &lt; 0.001; ƞ2 = 0.024], improve perceived fatigue [F(1,234) = 296.80125; p &lt; 0.001; ƞ2 = 0.129], physical performance [F(1.00,158.00) = 119.26; p &lt; 0.001; ƞ2 = 0.026], and enhance psychological well-being [F(1,235) = 169.0; p &lt; 0.001; ƞ2 = 0.103] in both males and females.DiscussionAlthough it will be necessary to demonstrate with further longitudinal studies whether the reported beneficial effects will be maintained over time, the effectiveness of a 3-week BWRP on different aspects involved in determining a level of autonomy and good quality of life of elderly obese patients appears to represent a valid attempt to counteract – at least in part – the unavoidable and progressive disability of these patients.
Efficacy and safety of antivirals in treating hearing loss: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Li-Mei , Xia Li-Li 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare and rank the therapeutic effects of antivirals in treating hearing loss using a network meta-analysis approach.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through April 2022. Placebo-controlled or head-to-head RCTs of three categories of antivirals for hearing loss were included, and pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using pairwise and network meta-analyses.ResultsSix RCTs with 405 patients were included in the final analysis. The results showed that ganciclovir had relatively better effects on the incidence of hearing recovery (surface under the cumulative ranking: 88.8%) compared with other antivirals. However, pairwise comparison analyses found that the use of antivirals significantly increased the incidence of hearing recovery compared with the use of a placebo (RR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.04–1.54; P = 0.017), while no significant difference was observed between any two categories of antivirals. Finally, the use of antivirals did not increase the risk of adverse events compared with the use of a placebo (RR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.82–1.98; P = 0.285).ConclusionAntivirals are more efficacious than placebos for hearing recovery in patients with hearing loss, and ganciclovir is the most likely to increase the incidence of hearing recovery.
Cerebral perfusion alterations in patients with trigeminal neuralgia as measured by pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: Zhou Qianling , Li Meng , Fan Qisen , Chen Feng , Jiang Guihua , Wang Tianyue , He Qinmeng , Fu Shishun , Yin Yi , Lin Jinzhi , Yan Jianhao 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that trigeminal neuralgia (TN) causes structural and functional alterations in the brain. However, only a few studies have focused on cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in patients with TN. This study aimed to explore whether altered cerebral perfusion patterns exist in patients with TN and investigate the relationship between abnormal regional CBF (rCBF) and clinical characteristics of TN.Materials and methodsThis study included 28 patients with TN and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) who underwent perfusion functional MRI (fMRI) of the brain using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) in the resting state. The regions of significantly altered CBF in patients with TN were detected using group comparison analyses. Then, the relationships between the clinical characteristics and abnormal rCBF were further investigated.ResultsCompared to the control group, patients with TN exhibited increased rCBF, primarily in the thalamus, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and left insula. Furthermore, the CBF values of the thalamus were negatively correlated with the pain intensity of TN and positively correlated with pain duration in patients with TN.ConclusionPrimary alterations in rCBF in patients with TN occurred in different brain regions related to pain, which are involved in cognitive-affective interaction, pain perception, and pain modulation. These results indicate that non-invasive resting cerebral perfusion imaging may contribute complementary information to further understanding the neuropathological mechanism underlying TN.
Apigenin remodels the gut microbiota to ameliorate ulcerative colitis
Authors: Fu Rongrong , Wang Lechen , Meng Ying , Xue Wenqing , Liang Jingjie , Peng Zimu , Meng Jing , Zhang Min 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC), a chronic non-specific colorectal inflammatory disease with unclear etiology, has long plagued human health. Gut microbiota dysbiosis destroy homeostasis of the colon, which is closely related to ulcerative colitis progress. Apigenin, a flavonoid widely present in celery, has been found to improve ulcerative colitis. However, the potential molecular mechanism of apigenin ameliorating ulcerative colitis through protecting intestinal barrier and regulating gut microbiota remains undefined.MethodsDextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was conducted to evaluate the effect of apigenin on UC. Disease activity index score of mice, colon tissue pathological, cytokines analysis, intestinal tight junction proteins expression, and colonic content short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were conducted to reflect the protection of apigenin on UC.ResultsThe results indicated that apigenin significantly relieved the intestinal pathological injury, increased goblet cells quantity and mucin secretion, promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 expression, and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MPO activity of colon tissue. Apigenin increased ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin expressions to restore the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, apigenin remodeled the disordered gut microbiota by regulating the abundance of Akkermansia, Turicibacter, Klebsiella, Romboutsia, etc., and its metabolites (SCFAs), attenuating DSS-induced colon injury. We also investigated the effect of apigenin supplementation on potential metabolic pathways of gut microbiota.ConclusionApigenin effectively ameliorated DSS-induced UC via balancing gut microbiome to inhibit inflammation and protect gut barrier. With low toxicity and high efficiency, apigenin might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UC via regulating the interaction and mechanism between host and microorganism.
Trend of adherence to iron supplementation during pregnancy among Ethiopian women based on Ethiopian demographic and health surveys: A Multivariable decomposition analysis
Authors: Delie Amare Mebrat , Gezie Lemma Derseh , Gebeyehu Asaye Alamneh , Tarekegn Gebrekidan Ewnetu , Muche Achenef Asmamaw 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIron deficiency is one of the significant factors of anemia during pregnancy. Iron supplementation is the main method of prevention and control of iron deficiency anemia, and its effectiveness depends on adherence to the iron supplementation.MethodsThis study was based on a secondary analysis of 2005, 2011, and 2016 EDHS data. After the data was weighted using sampling weight, 696, 1,282, and 3,096 in 2005, 2011, and 2016 EDHS data, respectively, were used for the final analysis. The data were edited, cleaned, coded, managed, and analyzed using StataCorp version 16 software. A logit-based multivariable decomposition analysis was used to identify variables significantly associated with the change in the adherence level during pregnancy.ResultsAdherence levels increased from 1.1% (95% CI; 0.4, 2.7) in 2005 EDHS to 12.4% (95% CI; 10.9, 14.1) in 2016 EDHS. About 30.9% of the overall change in the adherence level to iron supplement use during pregnancy was due to the difference in women's sociodemographic-related variables. After adjusting for these compositional changes, ~69.1% of the change in the adherence level was because of the difference in the coefficients (behavior-related variables). Among the behavioral characteristics, women's age-group, rich wealth index, and secondary and above-secondary educational status of their husbands had a statistically significant effect on the positive change in the adherence level of pregnant mothers.ConclusionThe adherence level to iron supplement use during pregnancy has increased significantly over the last decade in Ethiopia. Both the compositional and behavioral characteristics of women play a major role in the increasing trend of adherence levels.