bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contrasting Role of Marine‐ and Land‐Terminating Glaciers on Biogeochemical Cycles in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Schmidt C. E. , Pröfrock D. , Steinhoefel G. , Stichel T. , Mears C. , Wehrmann L. M. , Thomas H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis case study of Kongsfjorden, western coastal Svalbard, provides insights on how freshwater runoff from marine‐ and land‐terminating glaciers influences the biogeochemical cycles and distribution patterns of carbon, nutrients, and trace elements in an Arctic fjord system. We collected samples from the water column at stations along the fjord axis and proglacial river catchments, and analyzed concentrations of dissolved trace elements, together with dissolved nutrients, as well as alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon. Statistical tools were applied to identify and quantify biogeochemical processes within the fjord that govern the constituent distributions. Our results suggest that the glacier type affects nutrient availability and, therefore, primary production. Glacial discharge from both marine‐terminating glaciers and riverine discharge from land‐terminating glaciers are important sources of dissolved trace elements (dAl, dMn, dCo, dNi, dCu, and dPb) that are involved in biological and scavenging processes within marine systems. We identified benthic fluxes across the sediment‐water interface to supply fjord waters with silicate, dFe, dCu, and dZn. Our data show that intensive carbonate weathering in proglacial catchments supplies fjord waters with additional dissolved carbonates and, therefore, attenuates reduced buffering capacities caused by glacial runoff. Our study provides valuable insight into biogeochemical processes and carbon cycling within a climate‐sensitive, high‐latitude fjord region, which may help predict Arctic ecosystem changes in the future.
ENSO Enhances Seasonal River Discharge Instability and Water Resource Allocation Pressure
Authors: Zhu Minxiang , Yu Dan , Yu Yiqi , Zheng Yi , Li Shaobin , Cai Ximing , Chen Nengwang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly disrupts Pacific Ocean watershed hydrology, affecting water supply reliability. However, the specific ways in which ENSO affects seasonal river discharge remain underexplored, presenting a significant gap in our understanding of climate‐water interactions. Our study reveals that ENSO exacerbates river discharge variability, evident in the dynamics of maximum rise (Dr) and fall (Df) in standardized discharge, and their duration (M). Notably, ENSO augments Dr but shortens M in major rivers like the Yangtze. Employing a novel metric, the Discharge Instability Index (DII), we find that DII surges by at least 69% in El Niño years, particularly in southwestern North American watersheds. Vegetation and precipitation emerge as pivotal in shaping the discharge response to ENSO. Predictive modeling with DII suggests an escalation in discharge instability under climate warming, with a 0.11%–9.46% increase. This insight calls for water managers to integrate ENSO‐induced seasonal variations into strategic planning, blending immediate actions like dam regulation with long‐term initiatives such as afforestation, to counteract climate‐induced water scarcity.
ALDOA contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis and metastasis by targeting YAP
Authors: Sun Liang , Lu Ting , Jiang Linhua , Yao Huihui , Xu Qixuan , Sun Jie , Yang Xiaoqin , He Songbing , Zhu Xinguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer in which cancer cells reprogram some of their metabolic cascades, mostly driven by the specific chemical microenvironment in cancer tissues. The altered metabolic pathways are increasingly being considered as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this view, Aldolase A (ALDOA), a key glycolytic enzyme, has been validated as a candidate oncogene in several cancers. The current study aimed to investigate the role of ALDOA in the initiation and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we observed an elevated expression of ALDOA in human CRC tissues and a positive correlation of elevated ALDOA expression with tumor size, invasion depth, LNM, and TNM stage. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that elevated ALDOA levels correlated with a poor prognosis in CRC patients with stage I-III, whereas the prognosis tends to be favorable in patients with advanced CRC. In addition, loss of function and gain of function experiments showed that ALDOA promoted CRC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, high ALDOA expression inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation possibly through regulating cellular glycolysis or the formation of v-ATPase-regulator-AXIN/LKB1 complex, which led to Yes-associated protein (YAP) unphosphorylation and enhanced the proliferative and migratory potential of CRC cells. Finally, the positive correlation between ALDOA and YAP signaling was also confirmed in clinical CRC tissues and the public data. Herein, ALDOA was identified to be a new metabolic regulator of YAP that suppresses the activation of AMPK signaling. This could suggest a novel avenue for treating CRC by inhibiting both ALDOA and YAP signaling.
A trimetallic bismuth(I)-based allyl cation
Authors: Spinnato Davide , Nöthling Nils , Leutzsch Markus , van Gastel Maurice , Wagner Lucas , Neese Frank , Cornella Josep 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chemistry of low-valent bismuth compounds has recently unlocked new concepts in catalysis and unique electronic structure fundamentals. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a highly reduced bismuth salt featuring a cationic core based on three contiguous Bi(I) centres. The triatomic bismuth-based core exhibits an electronic configuration that mimics the canonical description of the archetypical carbon-based π-allyl cation. Structural, spectroscopic and theoretical analyses validate the unique π-delocalization between the bismuth’s highly diffused 6p orbitals, resulting in a bonding situation in which the three bismuth atoms are interconnected by two bonds, formally possessing a 1.5 bond order each. This electronic situation defines this complex as the heaviest and stable π-allyl cation of the periodic table. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the newly synthesized complex is able to act as a synthon for the transfer of a Bi(I) cation to forge other low-valent organobismuth complexes.
The changing nature of future Arctic marine heatwaves and its potential impacts on the ecosystem
Authors: Gou Ruijian , Wolf Klara K. E. , Hoppe Clara J. M. , Wu Lixin , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), defined as extreme ocean warming episodes, have strengthened over the past decades. High-resolution climate models improve understanding of MHWs under global warming, but such events in the future Arctic are currently overlooked. In a high-resolution climate model, we find Arctic MHWs intensify on orders of magnitude during the warming twenty-first century, following sea ice retreat. However, with little sea ice coverage, strong interannual variability emerges, which could surpass the amplitude of former intensification. Furthermore, the enhancement of MHWs correlates with an order of magnitude increase in the rate of change in the temperature anomaly. Additionally, MHWs are found to be accompanied by stratification enhancement, which could surpass interannual variability of future stratification. Such extreme temperature fluctuations combined with stratification enhancement suggest major challenges for Arctic ecosystems, and may negatively impact food webs through direct physiological temperature effects, as well as indirectly through nutrient supply and taxonomic shifts.
Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump
Authors: Oziel Laurent , Gürses Özgür , Torres-Valdés Sinhué , Hoppe Clara J. M. , Rost Björn , Karakuş Onur , Danek Christopher , Koch Boris P. , Nissen Cara , Koldunov Nikolay , Wang Qiang , Völker Christoph , Iversen Morten , Juhls Bennet , Hauck Judith 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Arctic experiences climate changes that are among the fastest in the world and affect all Earth system components. Despite expected increase in terrigenous inputs to the Arctic Ocean, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles are currently largely neglected in IPCC-like models. Here we used a state-of-the-art high-resolution ocean biogeochemistry model that includes carbon and nutrient inputs from rivers and coastal erosion to produce twenty-first-century pan-Arctic projections. Surprisingly, even with an anticipated rise in primary production across a wide range of emission scenarios, our findings indicate that climate change will lead to a counterintuitive 40% reduction in the efficiency of the Arctic’s biological carbon pump by 2100, to which terrigenous inputs contribute 10%. Terrigenous inputs will also drive intense coastal CO2 outgassing, reducing the Arctic Ocean’s carbon sink by at least 10% (33 TgC yr−1). These unexpected reinforced feedback, mostly due to accelerated remineralization rates, lower the Arctic Ocean’s capacity for sequestering carbon.
Aberrant splicing in Huntington’s disease accompanies disrupted TDP-43 activity and altered m6A RNA modification
Authors: Nguyen Thai B. , Miramontes Ricardo , Chillon-Marinas Carlos , Maimon Roy , Vazquez-Sanchez Sonia , Lau Alice L. , McClure Nicolette R. , Wu Zhuoxing , Wang Keona Q. , England Whitney E. , Singha Monika , Stocksdale Jennifer T. , Heath Marie , Jang Ki-Hong , Jung Sunhee , Ling Karen , Jafar-nejad Paymann , McKnight Jharrayne I. , Ho Leanne N. , Dalahmah Osama Al , Faull Richard L. M. , Steffan Joan S. , Reidling Jack C. , Jang Cholsoon , Lee Gina , Cleveland Don W. , Lagier-Tourenne Clotilde , Spitale Robert C. , Thompson Leslie M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene, leading to altered gene expression. However, the mechanisms leading to disrupted RNA processing in HD remain unclear. Here we identify TDP-43 and the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer protein METTL3 to be upstream regulators of exon skipping in multiple HD systems. Disrupted nuclear localization of TDP-43 and cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated TDP-43 occurs in HD mouse and human brains, with TDP-43 also co-localizing with HTT nuclear aggregate-like bodies distinct from mutant HTT inclusions. The binding of TDP-43 onto RNAs encoding HD-associated differentially expressed and aberrantly spliced genes is decreased. Finally, m6A RNA modification is reduced on RNAs abnormally expressed in the striatum of HD R6/2 mouse brain, including at clustered sites adjacent to TDP-43 binding sites. Our evidence supports TDP-43 loss of function coupled with altered m6A modification as a mechanism underlying alternative splicing in HD.
Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among rural reproductive age women in Ethiopia
Authors: Jejaw Melak , Demissie Kaleb Assegid , Tiruneh Misganaw Guadie , Abera Kaleab Mesfin , Tsega Yawkal , Endawkie Abel , Negash Wubshet D. , Workie Amare Mesfin , Yohannes Lamrot , Getnet Mihret , Worku Nigusu , Belay Adina Yeshambel , Asmare Lakew , Alemu Hiwot Tadesse , Geberu Demiss Mulatu , Hagos Asebe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite growing utilization of family planning in Ethiopia, many pregnancies in rural areas are still unintended and unintended pregnancy remains a major global challenge in public and reproductive health, with devastating impact on women and child health, and the general public. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of unintended pregnancy in rural women of Ethiopia. This study used a 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey data. A total weighted samples of 974 reproductive-aged rural women were included in this analysis. Multilevel mixed logistic regression analysis was employed to consider the effect of hierarchal nature of EDHS data using Stata version 14 to determine individual and community level factors. Variables significantly associated with unintended pregnancy were declared at p-value < 0.05 with adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI). The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in rural women was 31.66% ( 95%CI 28.8%, 34.66%). Never had media exposure (AOR: 2.67, 95%CI 1.48, 4.83), don’t have work (AOR: 0.33, 95%CI 0.21, 0.52), being from household size of one to three (AOR: 0.44 95%CI 0.2, 0.96), being primiparous (AOR: 0.41, 95%CI 0.17, 0.99), women from poor families (AOR: 2.4, 95%CI 1.24, 4.56), lacking the intention to use contraceptive (AOR: 0.24, 95%CI 0.14, 0.44) were individual-level factors significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Women from large central region (AOR: 4.2, 95%CI 1.19, 14.62) and being from poor community wealth status (AOR: 4.3, 95%CI 1.85, 10.22) were community-level factors statistically associated with unintended pregnancy. The present study prevalence of unintended pregnancy in rural women was relatively high. Maternal occupation, household size, media exposure, parity, women wealth, intention to use contraceptive, region and community level wealth were factors statistically associated with unintended pregnancy. Hence, demographer and public health practitioners has to give great emphasis on designing an intervention with implementation strategies to increase accessibility of media for reproductive-age women’s and improve women financial capacity, and strengthen maternal health services. These strategies helps to decrease adverse birth outcomes associated with unintended pregnancy in rural areas.
A comprehensive investigation of Clerodendrum Infortunatum Linn. using LC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomics as a promising anti-alzheimer candidate
Authors: Atef Fatma , Abdelkawy Mostafa A. , Eltanany Basma M. , Pont Laura , Fayez Ahmed M. , Abdelhameed Mohamed F. , Benavente Fernando , Younis Inas Y. , Otify Asmaa M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a global health challenge, demanding innovative approaches for effective treatments. Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. (Lamiaceae) is a shrub traditionally used as a medicinal plant to treat inflammation, skin diseases, and bronchitis. This study aims to identify the main bioactive metabolites in C. infortunatum using LC-QTOF-MS/MS and investigate its potential in protecting against cognitive decline in rats with scopolamine-induced AD disease. Metabolite profiling was performed on the methanol extract of the plant’s aerial parts using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. The inhibitory activity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme was measured in vitro. To evaluate the cognitive effects, the methanol extract was orally administered at three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to scopolamine-induced AD rats, and their cognitive functions were assessed using the novel object recognition test. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity, as well as the levels of acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, glutathione, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and amyloid-β in the rat hippocampus, were measured using ELISA, followed by histopathological evaluation. A total of 79 metabolites, spanning various chemical classes, such as organic acids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids and phenylethanoids, flavonoids, coumarins, other phenolics, and fatty acids and their derivatives, were identified. The results showed that the extract promoted enhanced cognitive functions in the novel object recognition test. Scopolamine administration significantly altered the acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and biomarker levels in the rat’s hippocampus. However, treatment with C. infortunatum at 200 and 400 mg/kg almost restored these neurotransmitter levels to normal, which was further confirmed by histopathological analysis. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of C. infortunatum in mitigating cognitive decline in AD, with its first metabolite profiling revealing a range of bioactive compounds. The extract improved cognitive function in scopolamine-induced AD rats, restored acetylcholinesterase activity, normalized neurotransmitter levels, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings suggest that C. infortunatum is a promising candidate for the development of natural therapies targeting AD.
Scalable production of bio-calcium oxide via thermal decomposition of solid - hatchery waste in a laboratory-scale rotary kiln
Authors: Chuakham Suwanan , Putkham Ajchara I. , Chaiyachet Yuwadee , Saengprajak Arnusorn , Banlue Kriangsak , Tanpaiboonkul Nipon , Putkham Apipong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChicken eggshell waste is an alternative renewable source for quicklime production. Eggshell waste has received significant attention from researchers due to it being a potential source of bio-CaO, which not only drives the circular economy concept but also supports sustainable development. However, experiments on the production of bio-CaO are normally conducted in a small lab-scale furnace. Furthermore, the eggshell raw material is collected from canteens or households, which is not suitable for economical or industrial production. Therefore, this study investigated the factors affecting the bio-CaO production from hatchery waste via both batch and continuous calcination process in a laboratory-scale rotary kiln for the first time. The eggshells were first separated from the solid hatchery waste. Then, the effect of preparation methods of raw eggshells on the properties of bio-CaO was investigated, including eggshells with and without membrane separation, various particle sizes, and with an increase of the percent raw material filling in the kiln from 5 to 20%. Calcination of the samples was performed in a rotary kiln at 800 °C with a 0.5 RPM rotating speed and a 5° inclination of the kiln. The effects of the calcination process in either an air or N2 atmosphere on the calcined product were also observed. Instrumental analysis shows that the production yield and purity of bio-CaO were in the range of 49–56 wt% and 97–98%, respectively. The results also indicated that the production yield of bio-CaO decreased to 17.7% with a decrease in the raw material particle size from 3.3 mm to 250 μm. Moreover, the production of bio-CaO with eggshells containing eggshell membrane decreases the purity of calcium oxide by about 0.7–1.0%. In addition, further increasing the filling volume of the kiln from 5 to 20% had only a slight effect on the purity and yield of the product. These results imply that it is not necessary to remove the eggshell membrane from the raw eggshells in order to produce industrial-grade CaO from the raw eggshell. These new findings can likely be used to develop an alternative process design to reduce the manufacturing cost of bio-CaO produced from hatchery waste. Furthermore, this present study reveals that the specifications of the obtained bio-CaO comply with both Thai industrial standards and international food additive standards.
Heterogeneities in landed costs of traded grains and oilseeds contribute to unequal access to food
Authors: Verschuur Jasper , Vittis Yiorgos , Obersteiner Michael , Hall Jim W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the growing accessibility of international grain and oilseed markets, high production costs and trade frictions are still prevalent, contributing to regional heterogeneities in the landed cost of grain imports. Here we quantify the landed cost for six grain commodities across 3,500 administrative regions, capturing regional cost differences to produce grain and transport it across international borders. We find large heterogeneities in the costs of imported grain, which are highest in Oceania, Central America and landlocked Africa. While some regions have uniform landed costs across sourcing locations, others face cost variations across trading partners, showing large inequalities in access. We find that most regions could benefit from a targeted approach to reduce landed cost while others benefit from a mixed strategies approach. Our results highlight that spatial information on production, trade and transport is essential to inform policies aiming to build an efficient and resilient global agricultural commodity trade system.
Defining Developmental Language Disorder and Dyslexia in Schools: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: DeLuca Tim , Radville Katharine M. , Pfeiffer Danika L. , Hogan Tiffany 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Interprofessional practice requires regular communication between professionals from different disciplines using shared terminology. Within schools, many professionals are tasked with supporting children with language disorders, namely, developmental language disorder (DLD) and/or dyslexia. Limited information exists as to (a) how school-based professionals' definitions of DLD and dyslexia align with research definitions, (b) how different school-based professionals define language disorders, (c) how school-based professionals' definitions of DLD and dyslexia align across professional groups, and (d) how one's definition of a language disorder correlates with other measures of knowledge.

Method:
In this mixed-methods study, we analyzed 304 definitions of language disorders from school-based professionals using a summative content analysis process. We explored the relationship between definitions and knowledge of disorder characteristics and best practices.

Results:
Data reflected limited alignment between professional and research definitions of DLD and dyslexia. Common misconceptions related to each disorder were prevalent among school-based professionals' definitions. There were differences between the extent to which professional groups' definitions aligned with research definitions of DLD and dyslexia.

Conclusion:
Results highlight the need for shared terminology between professional groups and researchers to improve collaborative practices and to narrow the research-to-practice gap.
Linearity of millimetre‐wave graded‐channel GaN HEMTs under quadrature amplitude modulation
Authors: Moon Jeong‐sun , Wong Joel , Grabar Bob , Dao Chuong , Arkun Erdem , Tai Joe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe report large‐signal linearity and power‐added‐efficiency of high‐speed graded‐channel GaN‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) at 30 GHz under 64‐QAM and 256‐QAM. These graded‐channel GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors show an fT of 160 GHz and exhibit a peak power‐added efficiency of 63% at 30 GHz. Under 64‐QAM and 256‐QAM, the error vector magnitude of less than 5% was measured at the average output power of 16 dBm, about 3 dB backed off from the output power at peak power‐added efficiency.