bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Kick Tolerance Calculation, Its Uncertainty, and Sensitivity
Authors: Thorogood John , Robertson Ewen , Castillo David , Sawaryn Steven 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Much of the contemporary literature on kick tolerance relates to the practical aspects of the calculation and the effects of the underlying assumptions and necessary simplifications. It tends to a formulaic approach involving unconstrained uncertainties about pore pressure, kick intensity, drilling fluid density safety factors which tend to overlook the inherent complexities of the subsurface environment, and the reality of model limitations.
The literature on kick tolerance highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the classic calculation is reviewed before describing a first-principles approach to determining the consequences which casing seat strength limitations and strength variations in the overall openhole section impose on safe well designs as a result of uncertainties in the input variables and basic model assumptions.
The classic kick tolerance calculation, together with its associated assumptions, yields only a single value for a given set of inputs. The uncertainties and sensitivities are those introduced by the variables and the choice of operational procedures. The Monte Carlo method is used to explore the effect of uncertainties in the input parameters and associated assumptions.
The analysis is based on the driller’s method for kick circulation, with a single-bubble insoluble gas with optional allowances for gas gravity and thermal regimes. To examine the various factors influencing kick tolerance, the problem is framed graphically in terms of an allowable influx volume, the dependent variable, against bottomhole pressure (BHP), the independent variable, on which pore pressure, its uncertainty, possible variations in shoe strength, strength in the openhole section, drilling fluid density with associated equivalent circulating density (ECD) and swab effects can be examined.
Application of the new approach demands significant prior work to determine the uncertainties inherent in the problem. Some of these uncertainties, such as drilling fluid density variations, swabbing, and ECD, must be evaluated by the engineer as part of the normal well design. Other factors, such as shoe strength, pore pressure variability, and formation depth error bars must be developed as part of a multidisciplinary effort within the planning team. Often ignored due to the spatial uncertainties, natural fractures intersecting the borehole could be inherently unstable and prone to hydraulic communication between borehole and formation.
Synthesizing some of these considerations into a simple calculation framework allows the effect of these parameters either individually or collectively to be quantified and provides a view of the potential geological uncertainties inherent in a well design. The approach offers a starting point for thinking about the nature of geological uncertainties and carrying them into drilling programs.
An improved ultrasensitive dual-luciferase assay for sequential detection of Cypridina and Gaussia luciferases in the same sample
Authors: Walia Rampyari R. , Weigel Paul H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We describe a rapid ultrasensitive dual luciferase (Luc) assay for sequential detection of Cypridina Luc (CLuc) and Gaussia Luc (GLuc) in supernatant or lysates samples from transfected cells. Our assay is based on the principle that the bioluminescence of CLuc can be quenched by inhibitors present in the GLuc assay buffer. The assay is far more sensitive than Firefly-Renilla dual Luc assays because the brightness of the CLuc and GLuc reporters is, respectively, 1000-times and 20-times brighter than these early-generation Luc reporters. Both the CLuc and GLuc reporters are secreted, so there is no need for cell lysis and assays can be carried out sequentially over several days using the same starting cell population. Improved assay sensitivity plus the ability to study gene expression in real time makes this assay particularly attractive for high throughput screening.
Long-term trends in nitrate and chloride in streams in an exurban watershed
Authors: Castiblanco Emma Skye , Groffman Peter , Duncan Jonathan , Band Lawrence E. , Doheny Edward , Fisher Gary T. , Rosi Emma , Suchy Amanda K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lines between natural areas and human habitats have blurred as urbanization continues, creating a need for the study of ecosystems at all levels of development. This need is particularly acute for exurban environments, which have low population density but are rapidly changing and have a dynamic mix of natural and human-dominated features. We examined long-term (1998 - 2018) trends in nitrate and chloride concentrations and fluxes in forested and exurban streams in Baltimore County, Md USA. Concentrations and fluxes of nitrate and chloride were an order of magnitude higher in the exurban stream than the forested stream and were increasing even though snowfall and road salt use did not increase over the study period. In the forested stream, concentrations of chloride increased from 1998 to 2008, but decreased from 2008 to 2018 due to unquantified factors. Concentrations of nitrate decreased in the forested stream, likely due to decreases in atmospheric deposition. These decreases in atmospheric deposition, and efforts to reduce fertilizer use by county governments, do not appear to have affected nitrate concentrations in the exurban watershed. Any efforts to reduce the concentrations and fluxes of chloride and nitrate in exurban streams will likely benefit substantially from further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the temporal patterns.
Perceived barriers to low vision rehabilitation services among eye care practitioners in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dendea Sinbona Geleta , Ababor Jafar Kedir , Daba Kumale Tolesa , Molla Jemal Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Low vision rehabilitation services are one of the least covered subjects in ophthalmic literatures. In contrary to this, 2.2 billion people have visual impairment or blindness worldwide. Among these, 1 billion people have a vision impairment that could have been prevented or could be addressed. Objective of the study is to determine the barriers of low vision rehabilitation services in Ethiopia.Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted over practicing ophthalmic personnel in Ethiopia during a 2 months period (June 1 to July 30, 2020). The data was entered to Epi data manager version 4.4.1.0 and exported to SPSS version 23 for different analyses. Descriptive statistics like means, proportions and frequency tables was applied for different analysis. Chi-square test was used to test association between independent variable and dependent variables.Result: A total of 150(72.8%) out of 206 responded to the questionnaire and completed it in appropriate way. Out of 150 participants 115(76.7%) were males. Mean and standard deviation of age was 30.62±3.89 years. Among study participant’s 54(36.0%) were Ophthalmologists and subspecialists, 6(4.0%) Cataract-Surgeon, 49(32.7%) Ophthalmology-Residents and 27(18%) Optometry-Professionals. The major barriers that ophthalmic personnel face in providing low visions care includes: non-availability and expensiveness of low vision devices136 (90.67%), lack of training 117(78%), lack of awareness 49 (32.7%), lack of interest/motivation 38(25.3%) and more work load and lack of man power 34(22.67%). The perception that lack of interest/motivation is a major barrier in providing low vision rehabilitation is significantly higher [OR 3.148(1.459, 6.795)] among those who were knowledgeable than not knowledgeable about low vision services and among those trained in Ethiopia [OR 5.062(1.345, 19.050)] than abroad. Lack of training was perceived to be a major constraint for the provision of low vision rehabilitation in a greater proportion of respondents who were from institution giving low vision rehabilitation [OR 4.0125 (1.471, 10.945)] than who didn’t provide low vision rehabilitation services.Conclusion and recommendation - Non-availability of low-vision devices and expensiveness of low vision device within the country is the most common constraint for the provision of low vision rehabilitation. Majority of the participants have good awareness about low vision rehabilitation service but less knowledgeable. Training in low-vision care should be provided for eye care personnel at all levels. It is better if Ethiopian Ministry of Health give concern for ways to provide low vision devices at all government eye care services.
Plastic pollution in riverbeds fundamentally affects natural sand transport
Authors: Russell Catherine , Fernández Roberto , Parsons Daniel , Gabbott Sarah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rivers link terrestrial and ocean environments, distributing fresh water, nutrients, and sediment to diverse ecosystems. Over the past 50 years, rivers have become increasingly significant vectors for plastic pollution. Lowland riverbeds exhibit coherent features including ripple and dune bedforms, which transport sediment downstream via well-understood processes, yet the impact of plastic on sediment transport behaviours is largely unknown. Here we use a flume tank to show that when plastic particles are introduced to sandy riverbeds, even at relatively low concentrations, novel bedform morphologies and altered processes emerge, including irregular bedform stoss erosion and dune “washout”, causing topographic bedform amplitudes to decline. We detail i) new mechanisms of plastic incorporation and transport in riverbed dunes, and ii) how sedimentary processes are fundamentally influenced. Hence, plastic is not a passive component of river systems; it directly affects bed topography, whilst increasing the proportion of sand suspended in the water, which has the potential to impact river ecosystems and the wider landscape. The resulting plastic distribution in the sediment is heterogeneous, highlighting the challenge of representatively monitoring plastic concentrations. Our insights establish a new branch of process sedimentology: plastic and sand interactions, set to be increasingly relevant amongst emerging challenges of the Anthropocene.
Tool wear predicting based on weighted multi-kernel relevance vector machine and probabilistic kernel principal component analysis
Authors: Song Guohao , Zhang Jianhua , Ge Yingshang , Zhu Kangyi , Fu Zhensheng , Yu Luchuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel tool wear predicting method based on weighted multi-kernel relevance vector machine (WMKRVM) and the integrated radial basis function-based probabilistic kernel principal component analysis (PKPCA_IRBF). The proposed WMKRVM model constructs the optimal multi-kernel model by seeking the weight parameter of the optimized single kernel RVM. As a new dimension increment technique, PKPCA_IRBF can extract the noise information of the process data and incorporate the noise information into the model. Moreover, this work first proposes using PKPCA_IRBF to fuse monitoring feature to improve the CI provided by the WMKRVM model. Besides, the parameter selection region and model accuracy of the PKPCA_IRBF are better than the conventional PKPCA_RBF technique, which helps improve the efficiency of model construction. The cutting experiment is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed tool wear predicting technique. Experimental results show that the proposed tool wear predicting technique can accurately monitor the tool wear width with strong robustness under various cutting conditions, laying the foundation for applying to the industrial field.
Identification, algicidal activity and complete genomic sequencing of the newly found algicidal bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei F2
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yang Ying , Xu Liang , He Wei , Xie Wenjia , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An effective algicidal bacterium, Enterobacter hormaechei F2, was isolated and identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. The increased production of algal catalases and peroxidases as well as the production of reactive oxygen species demonstrated the effective and distinctive algicidal activities of E. hormaechei F2. The comparative effects of different components of bacterial solutions suggested that indirect algicidal disruption was the major mechanism of E. hormaechei F2 performance. Dialysis of the extracellular material revealed that the molecular weight of the algicides was less than 3.5 kDa. These were inferred to be proteins, amino acids, and other small molecules. Gene enrichment analysis shows the pathways such as amino acid metabolism and Type n secretion systems involved in the algicidal process, which can predict that prodigiosin and signaling systems may play a role in the algicidal activity.
Observed spatial heterogeneity in insect-vectored pathogen promotes pathogen survival
Authors: Tomkins Melissa , Groves Russell , Grieneisen Verônica , Hogenhout Saskia , Marée Athanasius 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insect-vectored plant pathogens cause massive crop yield losses worldwide. Outbreaks often have patchy incidences on both spatial and temporal scales, which are thought to be driven by external factors such as the level of heterogeneity in plant hosts and vector dispersal. Mathematical modelling of Aster Yellows phytoplasma disease spread, a vector-borne plant pathogen, predicts under the assumption of well-mixed population dynamics only one possible stable outcome: all insect vectors end up being carriers of the pathogen. This outcome is in stark contrast to multi-year datasets revealing local co-existence of carrier and non-carrier vectors. We predict however dramatically different tripartite plant-vector-pathogen dynamics when explicitly taking space into account. Spatial simulations allow to explain both the stable coexistence of carrier and non-carrier insects and the large spatial and temporal variations in disease incidence, this co-existence being driven by emergent patterning. Moreover, simulations of the eco-evolutionary progression of the infection dynamics predict an evolutionary stable state that quantitatively matches field observations and prove that empirically observed complex patterning is the inevitable evolutionary outcome of this tripartite system. We infer that the known diversity in phytoplasma effector proteins could be an evolved mechanism for pathogen survival in fast-changing environments, such as agricultural areas.
Kinetochore- and chromosome-driven transition of microtubules into bundles promotes spindle assembly
Authors: Matković Jurica , Ghosh Subhadip , Ćosić Mateja , Barisic Marin , Pavin Nenad , Tolić Iva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mitotic spindle assembly is crucial for chromosome segregation and relies on bundles of microtubules that extend from the poles and overlap in the middle. However, how these structures form remains poorly understood. Here we show that overlap bundles arise through a network-to-bundles transition driven by kinetochores and chromosomes. STED super-resolution microscopy revealed that PRC1-crosslinked microtubules initially form loose arrays, which become rearranged into bundles. Kinetochores promote microtubule bundling by lateral binding via CENP-E/kinesin-7 in an Aurora B-regulated manner. Bundle separation is driven by steric interactions of the bundle-associated chromosomes at the spindle midplane since spindles with uncondensed or uncongressed chromosomes are narrower. In agreement with experiments, theoretical modeling suggests that bundles arise through competing attractive and repulsive mechanisms. Finally, perturbation of overlap bundles led to inefficient correction of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Thus, kinetochores and chromosomes drive coarsening of a uniform microtubule array into overlap bundles, which promote not only spindle formation but also chromosome segregation fidelity.
Mapping of glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst flood in Lahul and Spiti district using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Vishwas Poonam , Nadh Gopi , Tiwari kc 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) refers to the sudden release of water from a glacial lake. This has the potential to endanger human lives as well as cause environmental and economic damage. Climate change is causing glaciers to retreat and subsequent formation of new glacial lakes. GLOFs are one of the most common climate change hazards in India's Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh. In the present study, GLOFs mapping has been carried out using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). For glacial lake mapping, Landsat-7 and 8 data from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 were employed. Landsat images were employed for classification and change detection using normalized difference water index (NDWI) to identify the temporal variation of Samudra Tapu glacier lake and Geepang Gath glacial lake, which are two major glacial lakes in the Lahul and Spiti district. A 30 m digital elevation model (DEM) was created by the data providers by the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) 1arc sec global used for calculating the parameters such as maximum, minimum, mean elevation, slope, and aspect. The lake volume and depth have been calculated using Huggel empirical formulae, and other parameters such as area, slope, aspect, and drainage network have been prepared using ArcGIS 10.8. The maps for land use and land cover (LULC) were produced using the supervised classification technique by considering the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) algorithm. The lake size has increased from 0.542 to 0.929 km 2 for Geepang Gath glacial lake and 0.849 to 1.239 km 2 for Samudra Tapu glacial lake during the time period of 2005-2019. The findings indicate that there is a need to build risk management plans, improve spatial planning in order to be well prepared for future potential GLOF hazards.
Herbicidal secondary metabolites from Bacillus velezensis JTB8-2 against Orobanche aegyptiaca
Authors: He Wei , Li Yan , Luo Wenfang , Zhou Junhui , Zhao Sifeng , Jianjun Xu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) is a parasitic plants that cause significant losses to important crops. The effective methods for controlling this weed are rare. Biological control could be one of the possible strategies to tackle these weeds efficiently. In this work, a bacteria strain Bacillus velezensis JTB8–2 was proven to possesse biological control functions against broomrapes in both pot and field experiments. Four secondary metabolites (1–4) were isolated from the B. velezensis JTB8–2 crude extracts, and all of them could inhibit the germination of O. aegyptiaca seeds at concentrations from 0.5 mM to 4 mM. Their structures were further elucidatedby Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis. Among the isolated compounds, 1 and 2 exhibited the strongest herbicidal activity with 100% inhibition rate against the germination of O. aegyptiaca seeds at 4 mM, and thus had great potential in the development of new herbicidal products to control O. aegyptiaca in the future.
First-principle investigation of CO, CH4 and CO2 adsorption on Cr-doped graphene-like hexagonal borophene
Authors: Wang Chao , Gao Caihong , Hou Jianhua , Duan Qian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It is important for life safety and scientific research to design new sensing materials for detecting CO, CH 4 and CO 2 from environment. We theoretically designed a new Cr-doped graphene-like hexagonal borophene (CrB 6 ) as potential sensor material for these gases. Carrying out firstprinciples density-functional calculations, we calculated the adsorption energy, band structure, adsorption distance, charge transfer, charge density difference, density of states and partial density of states of CO, CH 4 and CO 2 gas molecules absorbed on CrB 6 monolayer. The calculated results show that the adsorption behavior of CO is different from those of CH 4 and CO 2 . CO adsorbed on CrB 6 monolayer prefers chemisorption while CH 4 and CO 2 adsorbed on CrB 6 monolayer prefers physisorption. As a result, the different adsorption behaviors have significant influence on the band structures and density of states of CrB 6 monolayer. We hope that our results can help experimentalists synthesize better sensor materials based on hexagonal borophene.
Rigorous probing of the electronic structure of Berkelium and Californium actinide atoms
Authors: Msezane Alfred , Felfli Zineb 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A recent experiment identified a weak spin-orbit-coupling in atomic Bk while a jj coupling scheme described atomic Cf. It concluded that these observations strengthen Cf as a transitional element in the actinide series. This paper uses Ramsauer-Townsend (R-T) minima and shape resonances (SRs) from low-energy electron elastic total cross sections (TCSs) calculated using the rigorous Regge pole method as novel confirmation of the observation. Regge pole-calculated TCSs for Bk and Cf atoms are characterized generally by ground, metastable and excited states negative-ion formation, R-T minima and SRs. Additionally, a polarization-induced metastable TCS with a deep R-T minimum near threshold characterizes the Bk TCSs, which flips over to a well pronounced SR appearing very close to threshold in the Cf TCSs. This demonstrates the sensitivity of R-T minima and SRs to the electronic structure of these atoms, thereby permitting their first time ever use as novel and rigorous validation of the experimental observation.
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Hydrogen-Bonded Networks in Acetone-Alcohol Binary Mixture: Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: U Abdulkareem , Kartha Thejus R , Madhurima V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Our previous studies on various hydrogen-bonded binary systems have shown anomalous physico-chemical properties at lower (10–30%) volume concentrations of either one or both of the components [1]. In order to have a better understanding of this phenomenon, a systematic molecular dynamics study of binary mixtures of acetone with 8 primary alcohols (R-OH, with R = 1 to 8) was undertaken. The radial distribution function results indicate that the hydrogen bond distribution among alcohols in R=(1, 2) increases as the concentration of acetone increases, indicating the hydrogen bond networks are not disrupted by acetone, unlike that of higher alcohols. It is also seen, from the hydrogen bond statistics, that the number of acetone-alcohol hydrogen bonds are predominant for R= (3, 4, 6) and the hydrogen bonds between alcohols for the rest, suggesting R= (3, 4, 6) are attractive to acetone compared to other alcohols. The hydrogen bond networks are visualized using the graph-theoretical approach to get a clearer picture of their hydrogen-bonding network. With an increase in acetone concentration, the average number of degrees of association decreases for all systems, showing an overall decrease in hydrogen bond multimers structures.