bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating temporal and prosodic markers in clinical high‐risk for psychosis participants using automated acoustic analysis
Authors: Bianciardi Bianca , Gajwani Ruchika , Gross Joachim , Gumley Andrew I. , Lawrie Stephen M. , Moelling Melina , Schwannauer Matthias , Schultze‐Lutter Frauke , Fracasso Alessio , Uhlhaas Peter J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimLanguage disturbances are a candidate biomarker for the early detection of psychosis. Temporal and prosodic abnormalities have been observed in schizophrenia patients, while there is conflicting evidence whether such deficits are present in participants meeting clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) criteria.MethodsClinical interviews from CHR‐P participants (n = 50) were examined for temporal and prosodic metrics and compared against a group of healthy controls (n = 17) and participants with affective disorders and substance abuse (n = 23).ResultsThere were no deficits in acoustic variables in the CHR‐P group, while participants with affective disorders/substance abuse were characterized by slower speech rate, longer pauses and higher unvoiced frames percentage.ConclusionOur finding suggests that temporal and prosodic aspects of speech are not impaired in early‐stage psychosis. Further studies are required to clarify whether such abnormalities are present in sub‐groups of CHR‐P participants with elevated psychosis‐risk.
Artificial intelligence, 21st century competences, and socio‐emotional learning in education: More than high‐risk?
Authors: Tuomi Ilkka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, 21st century competences and socio‐emotional skills have become a major focus in educational policy. In this article, skills for the 21st century, soft skills, as well as social and emotional skills, are contextualised in the context of technological change, machine learning, and the ethics of artificial intelligence. The use of data‐driven AI technologies to model and measure these skills—in this article defined as non‐epistemic competence components—can lead to major social challenges that have important implications for educational policies and practices. A moratorium on the use of data on these competence components in machine learning systems is proposed until the society‐wide impact is better understood.
Skeletal muscle mass index is independently associated with all‐cause mortality in men: The Nagahama study
Authors: Tabara Yasuharu , Setoh Kazuya , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Matsuda Fumihiko 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundWe aimed to determine if skeletal muscle mass is a predictor of all‐cause mortality and if muscle mass plays a role in the association between body mass index (BMI) and all‐cause mortality in community residents.MethodsThe study population consists of 3582 elderly (age ≥65 years) adults. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was measured between 2013 and 2016. Men with SMI <7.0 kg/m2 and women with SMI <5.7 kg/m2 were considered to have low SMI. All‐cause mortality was determined by reviewing residential registry records (follow‐up duration: 2564 ± 373 days).ResultsThe mortality rate of the low SMI group was significantly higher than that of the normal SMI group in men (191.3 vs. 93.0 per 10 000 person‐years, P < 0.001), but not in women (P = 0.191). In Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for possible covariates, the group differences remained significant (hazard ratio = 1.82, P = 0.011). The results were similar when individuals who died within 1 year of follow‐up were excluded from the analysis (P = 0.015). Cubic splines revealed that SMI <6.9 kg/m2 is a risk factor of all‐cause mortality in men. BMI was found to be significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in men (P = 0.010), but not in women (P = 0.288); however, the association disappeared after adjustment for SMI (P = 0.163).ConclusionSMI <6.9 kg/m2 is a risk factor of all‐cause mortality in men but not in women. SMI underlies the relationship between BMI and all‐cause mortality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 956–960.
Toxic remedies: Poisons and medicine in Eurasian history
Authors: Arnold David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHistories of medicine are conventionally confined to one geographical region and assume a sharp distinction between medicines and poisons. Recent scholarship, however, has created very different perspectives. Medico‐toxic substances were highly mobile commodities that often breached any clear distinction between what kills and what heals. The investigation of poisons could be innovative and integral to the ways in which medicines were conceived and deployed. The search for ‘potent’ remedies, but also for poison antidotes and elixirs, fostered a transregional quest for new ‘wonder drugs’ and the means of ‘taming’ or mastering their toxicity. Further, there is much to be gained by looking at developments from a trans‐Eurasian perspective and, rather than imagining discrete ‘systems’ of medicine, exploring patterns of commonality and exchange, as well as divergence, between constituent regions and over an extended period of time.
Development and characterisation of structurally reforming engineered flat‐rice xerogel for hot water cooking
Authors: Boopathy Bhavadharini , Rajan Anbarasan , Stephen Jaspin , Radhakrishnan Mahendran 
Published: October 2022

SummaryShape transforming foods are an emerging area of interest that could be customised according to consumer needs with the desirable structure and reduced package space. The current work aims to investigate the shape transformation behaviour of a 2D xerogel developed from rice hydrogel at the concentration of 4% and 90 °C. This flat xerogel is coated with ethyl cellulose as constraint material in the form of linear equally spaced strips. Immersing the xerogels in hot water over a temperature of 70 °C, resulted in a 3D transformation of the discs in 12 s (Video S1). The transformation is achieved owing to xerogel's increased swelling power (0.27–0.78) due to the anisotropic nature. This is confirmed by the SEM images of top (smooth) and bottom (rough) xerogel. In order to characterise the process of shape transformation bending analysis was done wherein a significant difference in bending angle (35.86–63.10°), height (24.73–50.26 mm), curvature (0.57–2.38 μ mm−1) and end‐to‐end distance (118.23–15.11 mm) from 2 to 12 s. The formed 3D shape was similar to the commercial tubular (penne) pasta. This study opens up the utilisation of less concentrated rice xerogel in shape transformation for designing engineered food.
V‐notched rail shear test applied to geopolymer composites
Authors: Trindade Ana C. C. , Wang Pengqing , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work presents a systematic study of the shear properties of a potassium‐based geopolymer reinforced with distinct types of fibers. Chopped basalt reinforcements in lengths from 3 mm up to 50 mm and 13 μm in diameter were compared with thicker 20‐mm length, basalt mini bars, sand‐coated basalt mini rods, and steel fibers. The samples were tested under a V‐notched rail shear tests (ASTM D7078), coupled with optical measurements, namely, digital image correlation, allowing a novel study of their crack patterns and failure modes under shear loading. In general, the use of chopped fibers resulted in shear strengths of up to 9 MPa and shear moduli of 4.3 GPa, with no significant variation with fiber length increments, neither in shear stress nor strain at peak load (0.1%). Mini bars and steel fiber reinforcements resulted in slightly lower shear stresses of 7.1 and 8.4 MPa, respectively. They exhibited greater strain values at peak loads, up to 2.1% which were attributed to fiber‐matrix enhanced adhesions, thereby allowing gradual debonding and increased ductility. This effect was also recorded for mini rods, but at much lower strength levels, which did not contribute to their multiple cracking capacities. The alignment of the mini rods in 45° directions resulted in a 50% increase in shear stress, showing the feasibility of tailoring the manufacturing process to attend to distinct demands.
Chipping of ceramic‐based dental materials by micrometric particles
Authors: Sánchez‐González Estíbaliz , Borrero‐López Óscar , Rodríguez‐Rojas Fernando , Hoffman Mark , Guiberteau Fernando 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChipping caused by micrometric particles poses a threat to the structural integrity of modern dental prosthetic materials. It can degrade their fracture strength and cause wear of both artificial crowns and antagonist teeth. Here, surface chipping of the main types of commercial ceramic‐based dental materials at the microcontact/particle level is investigated by means of indentation tests. Conical tips of different sizes (radii 20 and 200 μm) under axial and sliding loading are employed to simulate individual microcontacts. Both decreasing particle size and adding a lateral contact force decrease the chipping load below typical bite forces. Specific damage mechanisms are identified as predominantly brittle fracture in ceramics with small, equiaxed crystals, with significant quasi‐plastic damage in ceramics containing large, elongated crystals and composites. Critical loads for the occurrence of chipping are quantified (lowest values in equiaxed glass–ceramics; greatest in zirconia) and analyzed within the framework of fracture mechanics. The brittleness index (BI) is proposed as a simple indicator of the resistance to chipping of dental materials—the lower the BI, the greater the resistance. Special attention is paid to the effect of the materials’ microstructure, which can result in transformation toughening (as in zirconia) or quasi‐plastic behavior (as in lithium disilicate), both highly beneficial to increasing the chipping resistance. Finally, practical implications for the selection of current dental materials as well as for the development of novel materials with improved durability are discussed.
Dual‐mode optical thermometry and multicolor anti‐counterfeiting based on Bi3+/Er3+ co‐activated BaGd2O4 phosphor
Authors: Fu Jie , Zhou Liuyan , Chen Yanling , Lin Jianhua , Ye Renguang , Lei Lei , Shen Yang , Deng Degang , Xu Shiqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHere, Bi3+, Er3+ co‐activated gadolinium phosphors with multimode emission properties are prepared, which can emits blue, green, and orange light under the excitation of ultraviolet, 980 and 1550 nm, respectively. Moreover, BaGd2O4:Bi3+, Er3+ can show multicolor luminescence under different excitation conditions, such as pump light source, ambient temperature, working current, and other factors. Based on the dynamic luminescence characteristics, the dynamic anti‐counterfeiting experiments are designed based on the phosphor. At the same time, the material also shows multimode temperature sensing characteristics. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser, three strong up‐conversion signals Er3+ ions are generated at 528 nm (2H11/2), 555 nm (4S3/2), and 668 nm (4F9/2), which have different temperature dependences. Based on the fluorescence intensity ratio between thermal‐coupled energy levels (2H11/2/4S3/2) and nonthermal‐coupled energy levels (2H11/2/4F9/2) of Er3+ ions, respectively, the dual‐mode temperature thermometer was constructed with high‐temperature sensitivity. In addition, the fluorescence lifetime of Bi3+ ions also has a strong temperature dependence, which can be used as another temperature detection signal, greatly improving the stability of thermometers under harsh conditions. Therefore, the material has a bright prospect in the field of anti‐counterfeiting and temperature sensing.
Optimal promotions of competing firms in a frictional labour market with organizational hierarchies
Authors: Dawid Herbert , Mitkova Mariya , Zaharieva Anna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study optimal promotion decisions of hierarchical firms, with one junior and one senior managerial position, which interact in a search and matching labour market. Workers acquire experience over time while being employed in a junior position and the firm has to determine the experience level at which the worker receives a promotion which allows her to fill a senior position. Promoted workers move to the senior position in their current firm, if it is vacant, otherwise they search for senior positions on the market. The promotion cut‐offs of the competing firms exhibit strategic complementarity, but we show that generically a unique stable symmetric general equilibrium exists. We find that stronger competition among firms leads to later (earlier) promotions if the initial number of firms is small (large) giving rise to an inverse U‐shape relationship. In the presence of two skill groups, stronger competition among firms reduces the importance of skill differences, so the gap in wages and promotion times decreases with the number of firms. The model is compatible with empirical evidence that high‐skill workers are promoted faster than the low‐skilled and that internal promotions are more frequent than cross‐firm moves to a higher hierarchical position.
Nano‐hydroxyapatite‐induced remineralization of artificial white spot lesions after bleaching treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide
Authors: da Freiria Amanda Cristina Brezolini , Ortiz Mariangela Ivette Guanipa , de Sobral Danielle Ferreira Souza , Aguiar Flavio Henrique Baggio , Lima Débora Alves Nunes Leite 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assessed in vitro the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (n‐HA) to improve the aesthetic appearance and microhardness of white spot lesions (WSL) when associated with a low‐concentration bleaching agent (carbamide peroxide—CP10%).Material and methodsEnamel/dentin specimens (n = 60) of 5 × 5 × 2.2 mm were prepared, of these, 48 were submitted to pH‐cycling to create artificial WSL. Subsequently, these were allocated into five groups (n = 12): n‐HA; n‐HA + CP10%; CP10%; WSL control (WSLC); sound control (Sound). The color was assessed at baseline, pre‐treatment, and post‐treatment using a spectrophotometer, and the color (ΔE/ΔE00) and whiteness index (ΔWID) alterations were determined. The enamel cross‐sectional microhardness (CSMH) was evaluated (post‐treatment) with a Knoop indenter, 25gf/5 s, 20–200 μm. The data was analyzed through generalized linear models (α = 5%).ResultsΔEand ΔE00were significantly higher for the bleached groups (n‐HA + CP10% and CP10%), and the n‐HA was higher than the WSLCgroup (p < 0.05). ΔWID was significantly higher for the bleached groups (p < 0.05). The CSMH values were significantly higher in the sound group than in the n‐HA, CP10%, and WSLCgroups (p < 0.05). The WSLChad lower microhardness than the n‐HA + CP10% and sound groups (p < 0.05).Conclusionn‐HA is suitable to remineralize and recover the color of the WSL. However, its association with CP10% maintains the esthetical outcome while increasing its in‐depth remineralizing effect.Clinical significanceConsidering the aesthetic and functional repercussions of the WSL persistence, treatments that tend to improve its physical appearance and reinforce its weakened substructure in a non‐invasive way are ideal. For this associating low‐concentration, bleaching agents to the remineralizing treatments is promising to treat this type of lesions.
Influence of photoperiod variations on the mRNA expression pattern of melatonin bio‐synthesizing enzyme genes in the pineal organ and retina: A study in relation to the serum melatonin profile in the tropical carp Catla catla
Authors: Sanjita Devi Haobijam , Rajiv Chongtham , Mondal Gopinath , Khan Zeeshan Ahmad , Devi Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti , Bharali Rupjyoti , Chattoraj Asamanja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurface‐dwelling C. catla were exposed to different photoperiods (8L:16D, 12L:12D, 12D:12L and 16L:8D) and the mRNA level profile of enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis was evaluated in the pineal gland and retina. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the serum melatonin profile with the mRNA level was also performed. The results indicated diurnal variations in the transcripts of tph1, aanat and hiomt in the pineal organ and retina, and these variations change with the change in lighting regime. The serum melatonin profile showed rhythmicity in the natural photoperiod, but the serum melatonin level increased proportionally with increasing daylength. In short photoperiods, the peak value (though lower than in long photoperiods) of melatonin maintains a longer duration in serum. Moreover, the comparative analysis revealed a similar profile of mRNA of pineal aanat1 and aanat2 with serum melatonin under the same lighting conditions. This indicates that serum melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. Our results specify the importance of day length and the timing of onset or offset of the dark for maintaining the oscillating levels of serum melatonin and mRNA levels of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes in the pineal organ and retina as well. The findings in this study highlight the distinctive pattern of mRNA levels in the pineal organ and retina under different photoperiods. The pineal melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes showed a similar pattern with serum melatonin levels while the retinal genes changed dramatically with photoperiod. We also revealed a light‐dependent transcriptional regulation of pineal aanat genes in C. catla. Moreover, our results suggest that ALAN and skyglow can influence the levels of serum melatonin and its biosynthesis, resulting in desynchronization of the entire biological clock as well as the overall physiology of the animal.
Measuring the randomness of micro‐ and nanostructure spatial distributions: Effects of scanning electron microscope image processing and analysis
Authors: Mavrogonatos A. , Papia E‐M. , Dimitrakellis P. , Constantoudis V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe quantitative characterisation of the degree of randomness and aggregation of surface micro‐ and nanostructures is critical to evaluate their effects on targeted functionalities. To this end, the methods of point pattern analysis (PPA), largely used in ecology and medical imaging, seem to provide a powerful toolset. However, the application of these techniques requires the extraction of the point pattern of nanostructures from their microscope images. In this work, we address the issue of the impact that Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image processing may have on the fundamental metric of PPA, that is, the Nearest Neighbour Index (NNI). Using typical SEM images of polymer micro‐ and nanostructures taken from secondary and backscattered electrons, we report the effects of the (a) noise filtering and (b) binarisation threshold on the value of NNI as well as the impact of the image finite size effects. Based on these results, we draw conclusions for the safe choice of SEM settings to provide accurate measurement of nanostructure randomness through NNI estimation.
Multisensory interaction in the evaluation of beverages and environment for Japanese participants: Flavor, palatability, and cultural impressions
Authors: Ikeda Tsunagu , Morishita Masanao , Akada Tomoya , Uchida Masaaki , Matsubara Naoki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present experiment, the participants tasted high‐intensive bitter and low‐intensive bitter beverages under one of the following four conditions: drinking green tea or coffee in either a Japanese or a Western environment. The participants evaluated the beverage and the environment. The results revealed the following interactions. (1) Given the combination of the intensive bitter coffee and the Western environment, the beverage and environment congruency facilitated the beverage evaluations for “Deliciousness” and “Wanting to drink more”. (2) Women tended to evaluate beverages as more delicious and desired when the beverages matched the environment, compared with when they did not match. (3) Participants who drank coffee perceived the environment to be colder than participants who drank green tea. These results indicate that the social and cultural background of the Japanese consuming a beverage may modulate multisensory interaction in the evaluation of a beverage and the environment.Practical ApplicationsOur findings in this research revealed that persons involved in the design of the eating and drinking environment, that is from restaurant managers, architects, and interior designers to persons who think about the dining room at their home, may produce tastier food consumption by designing the environment in a multisensory way. For example, when designing space to serve foods and beverages that have cultural elements, creating a cultural environment that is congruent with the foods may result in a better eating experience. Since multisensory influences on the deliciousness of food can be affected by the social and cultural background of the consumer, the aforementioned people need to have a sufficient understanding of the object persons they serving the meal.
Timing of submissions to The Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health: Associations with the COVID‐19 pandemic and editorial decisions
Authors: McGee Richard G , Graves Lara E , Barnett Adrian 
Published: October 2022

AimTo determine if the timing of manuscript submissions to The Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (JPCH) changed following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and to determine if the timing of manuscript submissions influenced editorial decisions.MethodsA retrospective observational study of submissions to JPCH from 1 January 2015 to 1 August 2022 was performed. Regression models were used to explore the change over time. Editorial decisions were examined using a multinomial regression model with the three‐category ordinal outcome of reject, revise and accept. All statistical models were fitted using a Bayesian approach and show 95% credible intervals (CI).ResultsThe analyses included 11 499 manuscript submissions between 2015 and 2022. The mean number of manuscript submissions increased by 17 papers per month (CI 15–19), with a larger 4‐month long increase after the COVID‐19 pandemic was declared of 86 submissions per month (CI 67–103). There was no clear effect of the pandemic on weekend submissions, mean difference in probability 0.003 (CI –0.021 to 0.026). Throughout the study period, the peak submission time was later in the day and was shifted +37 min later post‐March 2020 (CI +22 to +52 min). Throughout the study period, submissions out‐of‐hours and on weekends were less likely to get an editorial decision of ‘accept’ or ‘revise’: odds ratio weekend versus weekday 0.87 (CI 0.78–0.97).ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a limited effect on the timing of manuscript submissions to JPCH. However, the timing of manuscript submission impacted the likelihood of a more positive editorial decision. While the time of manuscript submission is only one part of the research process, it is postulated that it may be associated with research quality.