bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worsening ulceration of infantile hemangioma after initiation or escalation of propranolol
Authors: Meyer‐Mueller Cameron , Nicholson Cynthia , Polcari Ingrid , Boull Christina , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor infantile hemangiomas (IH) requiring treatment, including those in high‐risk locations or in the setting of ulceration, oral propranolol is first‐line therapy. Here, we present three cases of infantile hemangioma with worsening ulceration following initiation or escalation of oral propranolol at standard doses.
Imprecision in the ethics of rescue
Authors: Rabenberg Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuppose you can save one group of people or a larger group of different people, but you cannot save both groups. Are you morally required, ceteris paribus, to save the larger group? Some say, “No.” Far more say, without qualification, “Yes.” But some say, “It depends on the sizes of the groups.” In this paper, I argue that an attractive moral principle that seems on its face to support the second answer in fact supports a version of the third. In the process, I defend some revisionary claims about how the lives and deaths of different people compare evaluatively to one another. The most important of these for my purposes is the claim that the deaths of different people are on a par, other things being equal.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of production performance of aquaculture species fed dietary insect meals
Authors: Tran Hung Quang , Nguyen Tram Thi , Prokešová Markéta , Gebauer Tatyana , Doan Hien Van , Stejskal Vlastimil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present work employed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to quantify the overall effects of various types of insect meal on special growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of aquatic animals. A total of 107 studies published from 1990 to 2021, targeting 23 freshwater and 17 marine fish species, employing 17 insect species as a replacement for fishmeal, was compiled. Overall, a significantly higher Hedges’ g value for SGR and lower FCR was found in aquatic animals fed dietary larval defatted mealworm Tenebrio molitor and pupal full‐fat silkworm Bombyx mori compared with fishmeal diet. The majority of dietary insect meals had a negative linear correlation with Hedges’ g of growth performance, except larval fly Chrysomya megacephala, which had a positive linear relationship, and of prepupal defatted black soldier fly Hermetia illucens, which had a negative quadratic relationship. Some insect meals, including G. bimaculatus, adult grasshoppers of Oxya fuscovittata and Zonocerus variegatus and larval full‐fat Cirina butyrospermi, supported adequate growth of aquatic animals at plausible inclusion levels. At as low as 2.2%, insect‐derived chitin supported growth performance and improved feed utilization of marine fish species. In the quest to minimize fishmeal in aquafeeds, insect meal holds enormous potential but is not the sole option; rather, integrating insect meal and novel/conventional materials is more strategic. The present study lays the groundwork for further multidisciplinary considerations for the effective use of insect meal as an alternative aquafeed protein with the goal of long‐term sustainability.
Atmospheric CO2 as a resource for renewable energy production: A European energy law appraisal of direct air capture fuels
Authors: Schaller Romina , Markus Till , Korte Klaas , Gawel Erik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is considered the root cause of climate change. However, in the future atmospheric CO2 could play a strategic role towards a renewable energy transition due to its use as a carbon source for the production of goods. Notably, direct air capture (DAC) technology, by removing CO2 from the atmosphere, could support and improve the carbon footprint of the transport and building sector, both of which are responsible for a large part of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. Once the CO2 is removed, it can be used to produce synthetic fuels for the transport sector, where there are few low‐carbon alternatives, such as aviation and shipping. In this article, we examine European Union legislation, focusing on the Renewable Energy Directive, and conclude that DAC fuels can be considered as renewable energy for the transport sector. Moreover, we highlight that the Directive does not yet regulate the methodology that defines the renewable character of DAC fuels and examine relevant criteria to be considered. In addition, because DAC can possibly be operated in buildings, we examine whether the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive is a legal instrument to be considered for deploying this technology.
Export margins and survival: A firm‐level analysis using Kenyan data
Authors: Türkcan Kemal , Majune Kraido Socrates , Moyi Eliud 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study uses annual customs transaction data (HS six‐digit) for the period 2006–2018 to analyse the impact of average tariffs on the export sales, margins and survival of firms in Kenya. Results from the fixed‐effects regression model reveal that a 1% increase in tariffs reduces exports by 0.181% and the intensive margin by 0.183% but does not affect the extensive margin. Meanwhile, the cloglog fixed‐effects duration model reveals that a 1% increase in tariffs reduces export survival by 2.7%. This suggests that cutting tariffs, possibly through trade agreements, can help firms and countries improve their export performance.
Modelling normal and nephrotic axial uptake of albumin and other filtered proteins along the proximal tubule
Authors: Edwards Aurélie , Long Kimberly R. , Baty Catherine J. , Shipman Katherine E. , Weisz Ora A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent studies indicate that filtered albumin is retrieved in the proximal tubule (PT) via three pathways: receptor‐mediated endocytosis via cubilin (high affinity) and megalin (low affinity), and fluid‐phase uptake. Expression of megalin is required to maintain all three pathways, making it challenging to determine their respective contributions. Moreover, uptake of filtered molecules varies between the sub‐segments (S1, S2 and S3) that make up the PT. Here we used new and published data to develop a mathematical model that predicts the rates of albumin uptake in mouse PT sub‐segments in normal and nephrotic states, and partially accounts for competition by β2‐microglobulin (β2m) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Our simulations indicate that receptor‐mediated, rather than fluid‐phase, uptake accounts for the vast majority of ligand recovery. Our model predicts that ∼75% of normally filtered albumin is reabsorbed via cubilin; however, megalin‐mediated uptake predominates under nephrotic conditions. Our results also suggest that ∼80% of albumin is normally recovered in S1, whereas nephrotic conditions or knockout of cubilin shifts the bulk of albumin uptake to S2. The model predicts β2m and IgG axial recovery profiles qualitatively similar to those of albumin under normal conditions. In contrast with albumin, however, the bulk of IgG and β2m uptake still occurs in S1 under nephrotic conditions. Overall, our model provides a kinetic rationale for why tubular proteinuria can occur even though a large excess in potential PT uptake capacity exists, and suggests testable predictions to expand our understanding of the recovery profile of filtered proteins along the PT.Key points
We used new and published data to develop a mathematical model that predicts the profile of albumin uptake in the mouse proximal tubule in normal and nephrotic states, and partially accounts for competitive inhibition of uptake by normally filtered and pathological ligands.
Three pathways, consisting of high‐affinity uptake by cubilin receptors, low‐affinity uptake by megalin receptors and fluid phase uptake, contribute to the overall retrieval of filtered proteins.
The axial profile and efficiency of protein uptake depend on the initial filtrate composition and the individual protein affinities for megalin and cubilin.
Under normal conditions, the majority of albumin is retrieved in sub‐segment S1 but shifts to sub‐segment S2 under nephrotic conditions. Other proteins exhibit different uptake profiles.
Our model explains how tubular proteinuria can occur despite a large excess in potential proximal tubule uptake capacity.
Performance Assessment of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector-Assisted Combined Organic Rankine Cycle and Triple Pressure Level Ejector-Absorption Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Tareq , Mokheimer Esmail M. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel solar-assisted combined power and cooling system comprising a parabolic trough collector (PTC) assisted organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and ejector-absorption cooling cycle (EARC) is presented and analyzed in this paper. The use of Ammonia-Lithium Nitrate (NH3-LiNO3) as the working pair in EARC is investigated. First and second law thermodynamics analysis revealed that PTC accounted for 60–80% of the total exergy destruction. Using different ORC fluids revealed that Toluene showed the best performance. The energy utilization factor of Toluene is found to be 25.31% at turbine inlet temperature of 550 K and solar irradiation of 1 kW/m2, whereas for other ORC fluids like R134a (tetrafluoroethane, CH2FCF3), R245fa (pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2), n-pentane, R410a (near azeotropic mixture of difluoromethane, CH2F2 and pentafluoroethane, C2HF5), it was found to be 17–20%. The exergy efficiency of the combined system using Toluene has reached up to 17%, while the rest of the ORC fluids exhibited 8–12% exergy efficiency. The pump power consumption was significantly reduced due to the use of the ejector in the EARC. Generator temperature and solution heat exchanger (SHX) effectiveness were also found to highly influence the performance of the refrigeration system.
Effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières en Algérie
Authors: Matallah S. , M’Hamdi N. , Matallah F. , Bounouala Z. 
Published: February 2022

Le but de la présente étude était d’examiner l’effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières de race Holstein dans les fermes du Nord-Est algérien au niveau de quatre wilayas sur la base du protocole d’évaluation Welfare Quality®pour les bovins. Par conséquent, nous avons appliqué ce protocole à 50 fermes laitières en stabulation libre et à 50 en stabulation entravée. Un total de 2200 vaches laitières a été évalué en période hivernale. Il y avait des différences significatives entre les deux types de logements pour la majorité des critères étudiés : confort autour du repos (33, 54 ± 5,60 vs 22,34 ± 2,70), absence de soif prolongée (42,40 ± 6,60 vs 20,40 ± 6,60), facilité de mouvement (100,00 ± 00 vs 44,50 ± 3,40) et absence de blessures (38,50 ± 10,30 vs 25,12 ± 8,40), cependant l’analyse des mesures liées indique d’importants échecs de gestion dans les deux types de logements dans la région d’étude. En effet, de multiples contraintes ont été observées d’ordre alimentaire (indisponibilité de fourrages et non-maitrise du rationnement) et sanitaire (non-respect des normes hygiéniques). Cette situation nécessite d’informer et de communiquer avec l’éleveur sur ce qu’est réellement le bien-être des animaux afin d’améliorer les conditions d’élevage.
Conformance Testing for Finite State Machines Guided by Deep Neural Network
Authors: Rahaman Habibur , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Sengupta Indranil 
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes a Finite State Machine (FSM) testing technique based on deep neural network (DNN). This technique verifies the correctness of an implementation FSM-B of a specification FSM-A. Using the back-propagation algorithm, a deep neural network is trained with the input–output patterns for a given set of transition functions that specify an FSM. Initially, for FSM-A, the input patterns and the corresponding output patterns (I/O pairs) are generated. Then most of the patterns are used to train the DNN. Once the training is over, the DNN is validated with the remaining I/O pairs (around 20%). The model can be used for verifying the correctness of FSM-B after training and validation of the DNN. Some inputs are applied to FSM-B and the generated output patterns are compared with the predicted values of the proposed DNN. The difference of accuracy percentages between FSM-A and FSM-B is recorded and zero difference between them indicates the fault-free condition of the implementation FSM-B. To check the effectiveness of the scheme, the output- and state-type faults are injected to derive mutant FSMs. Experimental results performed on the MCNC FSM benchmarks prove the efficacy of the proposed method. Only a few numbers of tests are needed to detect the presence of anomaly, if any. Hence, the test time reduces significantly — resulting in an average test time reduction of 85.67% compared to the conventional techniques. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time a DNN-driven testing scheme is being proposed.
Digitizing Intangible Cultural Heritage Embodied: State of the Art
Authors: Hou Yumeng , Kenderdine Sarah , Picca Davide , Egloff Mattia , Adamou Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) as a field of research and site for digital efforts has grown significantly since the UNESCO 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage. In contrast to tangible heritage, where cultural identities are manifested through physical objects, intangible cultural expressions are defined through tacit reliances and embodied practices. Such practices are usually bodily communicated, enacted, socially transmitted, and constantly evolving. Burgeoning trends in computational heritage and ICT applications have played a crucial role in safeguarding ICH as they produce versatile resources while making them accessible to the public. Nevertheless, most of the inventions are object-centric and cater to conserving material-based knowledge bases. Few endeavors thus far have fully supported the recording, representing, and reviving of the living nature of ICH.
One of the challenges now faced is to find appropriate forms, together with efficient methods, to document the ephemeral aspects of intangible heritage. Another barrier is to find effective ways to communicate the knowledge inextricably linked to people. In response, recent efforts have embarked on capturing the “live” and “active” facets of the embodied cultures, which entails addressing technological and curatorial complexity to communicate the material and immaterial aspects within a meaningful context. Meanwhile, advancements in experimental museology have opened up new modes of experiential narratives, particularly through visualization, augmentation, participation, and immersive embodiment. Novel practices of cultural data computation and data sculpting have also emerged toward the ideal of knowledge reconstruction.
This article outlines state-of-the-art models, projects, and technical practices that have advanced the digitization lifecycle for ICH resources. The review focuses on several critical but less studied tasks within digital archiving, computational encoding, conceptual representation, and interactive engagement with the intangible cultural elements. We aim at identifying the advancements and gaps in the existing conventions, and to envision opportunities for transmitting embodied knowledge in intangible heritage.
Toward a Human-Readable State Machine Extraction
Authors: Brunner Michaela , Hepp Alexander , Baehr Johanna , Sigl Georg 
Published: February 2022

The target of sequential reverse engineering is to extract the state machine of a design. Sequential reverse engineering of a gate-level netlist consists of the identification of so-called state flip-flops (sFFs), as well as the extraction of the state machine. The second step can be solved with an exact approach if the correct sFFs and the correct reset state are provided. For the first step, several more or less heuristic approaches exist.
This work investigates sequential reverse engineering with the objective of a human-readable state machine extraction. A human-readable state machine reflects the original state machine and is not overloaded by additional design information. For this purpose, the work derives a systematic categorization of sFF sets, based on properties of single sFFs and their sets. These properties are determined by analyzing the degrees of freedom in describing state machines as the well-known Moore and Mealy machines. Based on the systematic categorization, this work presents an sFF set definition for a human-readable state machine, categorizes existing sFF identification strategies, and develops four post-processing methods. The results show that post-processing predominantly improves the outcome of several existing sFF identification algorithms.
Effects of Replacing Fishmeal by Raw or Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth, Intestinal Digestive and Immune-Related Enzyme Activities, Morphology, and Microbiota in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Tian Yuan , Wang Lei , Zhang Beili , Ma Qinyuan 
Published: February 2022

This study was performed to investigate the fermentation efficiency of Lactobacillus acidophilus and compare the effects of dietary soybean meal (SM) or L. acidophilus-fermented SM (LASM) on turbot. Two hundred and seventy juvenile turbots (

13.50
±
0.13

g

) were randomly divided into three treatments fed with a fishmeal-based diet (CNT) and two experimental diets with 45% fishmeal protein replaced by SM or LASM for 8 weeks. The results showed that fermentation significantly improved the essential amino acid profile, increased the lactic acid content, and reduced the antinutritional factor level in SM. Inferior growth of fish was observed in the SM group after the feeding trial, while the LASM group exhibited comparable performance to the CNT group. Activities of intestinal digestive enzymes (trypsin and diastase) and immune-related enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and lysozyme) decreased significantly in the SM group, while no significant reduction was found in the LASM group compared to the CNT group. Dietary LASM alleviated SM-induced intestinal pathological disruption with higher villus and normal lamina propria width. Dietary LASM positively regulated the intestinal microbiota, making the overall profile more coherent with that in the CNT group. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the altered intestinal microbiota was closely linked to the digestive enzyme activities. Collectively, this study indicated that L. acidophilus fermentation significantly improved the nutritional quality of SM and relieved SM-induced adverse effects on turbot, in terms of growth, intestinal digestive and immune-related enzyme activities, morphology, and microbiota.
СТРУКТУРА ТА ЗМІСТ АНГЛОМОВНОЇ АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ДОКТОРІВ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ГАЛУЗІ «ОХОРОНА ЗДОРОВʼЯ»
Authors: Лимар Л. В. 
Published: February 2022

Освітньо-наукова програма навчання майбутніх докторів філософії спеціальності «Охорона здоровʼя» передбачає формування англомовної професійної комунікативної та академічної компетентності протягом навчання. Автором визначено англомовну професійну комунікативну та академічну компетентність як сукупність знань, умінь та навичок застосування загальної, медичної та академічної англійської мови при взаємодії в медичному та академічному середовищі, з метою досягнення комунікантом поставлених професійних та наукових цілей. Аналіз наявних структур та особистий досвід автора привели до формулювання структури англомовної академічної медичної комунікативної компетентності, в межах якої було визначено три підтипи компетентності: мовну (загальномовна компетентність), соціокультурну (академічна) та професійну (медична мовна). Кожний із підкомпонентів має три частини: когнітивну (знання компонента та способи його вивчення, представлене терміном знання), практичну (практичне застосування, представлене терміном уміння та навички) та індивідуальну (що являє індивідуальні особливості особи, які впливають на презентацію компонента). Визначено, що високий рівень розвитку англомовної академічної медичної комунікативної компетентності характеризується: високим рівнем (С1) сформованих знань, умінь і навичок застосування загальної, академічної та медичної англійської мови при фаховій та академічній комунікації, ефективній взаємодії комуніканта, обранням правильних стратегій комунікації, відповідно до існуючих етичних та біоетичних стандартів медичної та наукової взаємодії, позитивною комунікативною настановою, сформованою «Я-концепцією» себе як науковця і медика, здатністю до продуктивної взаємодії. Сформованість даної структури є метою вивчення майбутніми докторами філософії медичних спеціальностей курсу «Англійська мова академічного та медичного спрямування».
Ankle- and Toe-Brachial Index for Peripheral Artery Disease Identification: Unlocking Clinical Data Through Novel Methods
Authors: Friberg Julia E. , Qazi Abdul H. , Boyle Brenden , Franciscus Carrie , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary , Westerman Dax , Patterson Olga V. , Parr Sharidan K. , Matheny Michael E. , Arya Shipra , Smolderen Kim G. , Lund Brian C. , Gobbel Glenn T. , Girotra Saket 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Despite its high prevalence and clinical impact, research on peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains limited due to poor accuracy of billing codes. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index can be used to identify PAD patients with high accuracy within electronic health records.

Methods:
We developed a novel natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for extracting ABI and toe-brachial index values and laterality (right or left) from ABI reports. A random sample of 800 reports from 94 Veterans Affairs facilities during 2015 to 2017 was selected and annotated by clinical experts. We trained the NLP system using random forest models and optimized it through sequential iterations of 10-fold cross-validation and error analysis on 600 test reports and evaluated its final performance on a separate set of 200 reports. We also assessed the accuracy of NLP-extracted ABI and toe-brachial index values for identifying patients with PAD in a separate cohort undergoing ABI testing.

Results:
The NLP system had an overall precision (positive predictive value) of 0.85, recall (sensitivity) of 0.93, and F1 measure (accuracy) of 0.89 to correctly identify ABI/toe-brachial index values and laterality. Among 261 patients with ABI testing (49% PAD), the NLP system achieved a positive predictive value of 92.3%, sensitivity of 83.1%, and specificity of 93.1% to identify PAD when compared with a structured chart review. The above findings were consistent in a range of sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions:
We successfully developed and validated an NLP system for identifying patients with PAD within the Veterans Affairs electronic health record. Our findings have broad implications for PAD research and quality improvement.