bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the role of antibiotics and steroids in managing respiratory diseases
Authors: Chellappan Dinesh K. , Prasher Parteek , Shukla Shakti D. , Yee Tong W. , Kah Tiong K. , Xyan Toh W. , Kid Tang W. , Si Teoh H. , Weng Ting S. , Molugulu Nagashekhara , Sakthivel Lakshmana P. , Chellian Jestin , Madheswaran Thiagarajan , Malipeddi Himaja , Singh Yogendra , Dureja Harish , Kapoor Deepak N. , Negi Poonam , Goyal Rohit , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Kumar Deepak , Gupta Piyush K. , Jha Niraj K. , Shastri Madhur D. , MacLoughlin Ronan , Singh Sachin K. , Gulati Monica , Gupta Gaurav , Dua Kamal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRespiratory diseases (RDs), such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and pneumonia, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics and steroids. Relevant published literature reviews, studies, and clinical trials were accessed from institutional and electronic databases. The keywords used were respiratory diseases, steroids, antibiotics, and combination of steroids and antibiotics. Selected articles and literature were carefully reviewed. Antibiotics are often prescribed as the standard therapy to manage RDs. Types of causative respiratory pathogens, spectrum of antibiotics activity, route of administration, and course of therapy determine the type of antibiotics that are prescribed. Despite being associated with good clinical outcome, treatment failure and recurrence rate are still high. In addition, antibiotic resistance has been widely reported due to bacterial mutations in response to the use of antibiotics, which render them ineffective. Nevertheless, there has been a growing demand for corticosteroids (CS) and antibiotics to treat a wide variety of diseases, including various airway diseases, due to their immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory properties. The use of CS is well established and there are different formulations based on the diseases, such as topical administration, tablets, intravenous injections, and inhaled preparations. Both antibiotics and CS possess similar properties in terms of their anti‐inflammatory effects, especially regulating cytokine release. Thus, the current review examines and discusses the different applications of antibiotics, CS, and their combination in managing various RDs. Drawbacks of these interventions are also discussed.
The numerical evaluation of Slater integrals on graphics processing units
Authors: Dang Duy‐Khoi , Wilson Leighton W. , Zimmerman Paul M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article presents SlaterGPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated library that uses OpenACC to numerically compute Slater‐type orbital (STO) integrals. The electron repulsion integrals (ERI) are computed under the RI approximation using the Coulomb potential of the Slater basis function. To fully realize the performance capabilities of modern GPUs, the Slater integrals are evaluated in mixed‐precision, resulting in speedups for the ERIs of over 80×. Parallelization on multiple GPUs allows for integral throughput of over 3 million integrals per second. This places STO integral throughput within reach of single‐threaded, conventional Gaussian integration schemes. To test the quality of the integrals, the fluorine exchange reaction barrier in fluoromethane was computed using heat‐bath configuration interaction (HBCI). In addition, the singlet‐triplet gap of cyclobutadiene was examined using HBCI in a triple‐, polarized basis set. These benchmarks demonstrate the library's ability to generate the full set of integrals necessary for configuration interaction with up to functions in the auxiliary basis.
Outcomes of poor peripheral blood stem cell mobilizers with multiple myeloma at the first mobilization: A multicenter retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Miyamoto‐Nagai Yurie , Mimura Naoya , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Aotsuka Nobuyuki , Ri Masaki , Katsuoka Yuna , Wakayama Toshio , Suzuki Rikio , Harazaki Yoriko , Matsumoto Morio , Kumagai Kyoya , Miyake Takaaki , Ozaki Shuji , Shono Katsuhiro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Shimura Arika , Kuroda Yoshiaki , Sunami Kazutaka , Suzuki Kazuhito , Yamashita Takeshi , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Murakami Hirokazu , Abe Masahiro , Nakaseko Chiaki , Sakaida Emiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains an important therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma; however, a proportion of patients fail to mobilize a sufficient number of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) to proceed to ASCT. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics and outcomes of poor mobilizers. Clinical data on poorly mobilized patients who underwent PBSC harvest for almost 10 years were retrospectively collected from 44 institutions in the Japanese Society of Myeloma (JSM). Poor mobilizers were defined as patients with less than 2 × 106/kg of CD34+ cells harvested at the first mobilization. The proportion of poor mobilization was 15.1%. A sufficient dataset including overall survival (OS) was evaluable in 258 poor mobilizers. Overall, 92 out of 258 (35.7%) poor mobilizers did not subsequently undergo ASCT, mainly due to an insufficient number of PBSCs. Median OS from apheresis was longer for poor mobilizers who underwent ASCT than for those who did not (86.0 vs. 61.9 mon., p = 0.02). OS from the diagnosis of poor mobilizers who underwent ASCT in our cohort was similar to those who underwent ASCT in the JSM database (3y OS rate, 86.8% vs. 85.9%). In this cohort, one‐third of poor mobilizers who did not undergo ASCT had relatively poor survival. In contrast, the OS improved in poor mobilizers who underwent ASCT. However, the OS of extremely poor mobilizers was short irrespective of ASCT.
Laser‐Directed Asymmetric Growth of Plasmonic Chiral Ensembles
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Ding Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChiral plasmonic system due to its enhanced chiroptic activity in the visible region has attracted numerous interests in the last decade. Although various strategies have been developed for the fabrication of chiral plasmonic nanostructures, the limitations of cost‐effectiveness and controllability have been the main obstacle for their practical applications. Here, continuous wave laser is used to direct the growth of chiral ensembles of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). These AuNPs are grown from the Au‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) films in a ring‐shaped arrangement under photoreduction, which can then evolve into nanotetramers, nanotrimers, and nanodimers at different irradiation time, showing good controllability and reproducibility. Especially, the nanodimers and nanotrimers show circular differential scattering (CDS) over 20%. The optical chirality of the nanotrimers presents a prominent superchiral field, which is demonstrated for the optical sensing of chiral molecules (approximately × 10−3 m) with large spectral dissymmetric factors. Such an unprecedented growth strategy via laser direct writing is facile, tailorable, location‐selective, and ligand‐free, which presents significant implications for on‐chip integration of chiral nano‐optic devices and surface‐enhanced Raman optical activity (SEROA).
High‐Resolution Time‐Correlated Single‐Photon Counting Using Electro‐Optic Sampling
Authors: Crockett Benjamin , van Howe James , Montaut Nicola , Morandotti Roberto , Azaña José 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA simple, practical method based on electro‐optic gating is experimentally shown to improve the temporal resolution of single‐photon detection by more than 16 times. Delay times between ultrafast single photons and a reference clock are stretched by a desired programmable sampling gate factor, allowing reconstruction of delay histograms with ≈0.001 photons per pulse to within 60 ps. By transferring the bandwidth of RF electronics to single‐photon counting, complex single‐photon signals with large time‐bandwidth products > 2000 are temporally stretched up so that they can be resolved by slow detectors, irrespective of the quality of the detector instrument response function. This method is also applied to biphotons, in order to reconstruct the 2D histogram of joint detection delays with 15 times better resolution. The phenomenon of nonlocal dispersion, which is not resolvable directly with the slow detectors, is then observable to within the 98 ps level. The proof‐of‐concept demonstration uses off‐the‐shelf commercial fiber‐integrated LiNbO3 modulators and RF electronics, and the method is readily integrable on‐chip and to speeds >100 GHz, offering a practical solution to ultrafast time‐correlated single‐photon counting beyond the research laboratory.
Blow‐up regions for a class of fractional evolution equations with smoothed quadratic nonlinearities
Authors: Chamorro Diego , Issoglio Elena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider an n‐dimensional parabolic‐type PDE with a diffusion given by a fractional Laplace operator and with a quadratic nonlinearity of the “gradient” of the solution, convoluted with a term which can be singular. Our first result is the well‐posedness for this problem: We show existence and uniqueness of a (local in time) mild solution. The main result is about blow‐up of said solution, and in particular we find sufficient conditions on the initial datum and on the term to ensure blow‐up of the solution in finite time.
Thermal management in high‐power Erbium Ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers for optimum efficiency
Authors: Binu Rajan , Vallikannu Rajendran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCladding pumping is considered to be one of the best amplification approaches in view of the capital and operational expenditure for the development of high‐power optical amplifiers. Such schemes use multimode high‐power pump lasers as the pumping sources and they give high power output in the range of 3–5 W to use in fiber‐to‐the‐home as well as optical cable television networks. With the requirement for high output power in multichannel cost‐efficient telecommunication systems, amplifier devices face some limitations during its operation at maximum operating power level. The major limitations are the thermal effects, damage thresholds, and available pump power. Effective thermal management is a better option to improve the pump power conversion efficiency and power scaling in high‐power fiber amplifiers. Analytical and experimental investigation of two approaches for the thermal management of a commercial 3 W amplifier is discussed. The first approach considers a regular Al 6063 heat sink‐heat spreader combination with forced air cooling. The structure of the heat sink is optimized and the performance is analyzed with Aluminum and copper material for the heat spreader. The second approach discusses a thermoelectric cooler‐heat sink combination and the analysis results showed better thermal management during the high‐temperature operation of the amplifier. Two heat sink materials are considered in the analysis and results are discussed in the paper. Considering the cost‐effectiveness of the proposed solution, the thermoelectric cooler and Aluminum heat sink assembly are validated.
Modeling Polystyrene Homogeneous‐Coagulative Nucleation in Pickering Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Brunier Barthélémy , Chevalier Yves , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , Sheibat‐Othman Nida 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvestigation of particle nucleation in surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene using Laponite clay as Pickering stabilizer is considered. The effective number of clay platelets contributing to the surface charge of the polymer particles is calculated, and used to estimate their stabilizing efficiency. A coagulative nucleation mechanism is proposed and the coagulation coefficient is calculated using the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory. The Hamaker constant involved in the attractive potential of the clay‐polymer composite particles is measured experimentally. The model is found to fit the experimental data in terms of the number of nucleated particles and the nucleation period. The effective number of clay platelets contributing to the surface charge is found higher than the number of platelets allowing full polymer latex surface coverage at the end of nucleation. Moreover, efficient stabilization against coagulation requires almost complete coverage.
Thermoneutral Housing and a Western Diet Combination Exacerbates Dysferlin‐Deficient Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Donen Graham S. , White Zoe , Sauge Elodie , Ritso Morten , Theret Marine , Boyd John , Devlin Angela M. , Rossi Fabio M. V. , Bernatchez Pascal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMost mouse models of muscular dystrophy (MD) show mild phenotypes, which limits the translatability of experimental therapies to patients. A growing body of evidence suggests that MD is accompanied by metabolic abnormalities that could potentially exacerbate the primary muscle wasting process. Since thermoneutral (TN) housing of mice (~30°C) has been shown to affect many metabolic parameters, particularly when combined with a Western diet (WD), our aim was to determine whether the combination of TN and WD exacerbates muscle wasting in dysferlin‐deficient BLAJ mice, a common model of limb‐girdle MD type 2b (LGMD2b).MethodsThe 2‐mo‐old wild‐type (WT) and BLAJ mice were housed at TN or room temperature (RT) and fed a WD or regular chow for 9 mo. Ambulatory function, muscle histology, and protein immunoblots of skeletal muscle were assessed.ResultsBLAJ mice at RT and fed a chow diet showed normal ambulation function similar to WT mice, whereas 90% of BLAJ mice under WD and TN combination showed ambulatory dysfunction (p < 0.001), and an up to 4.1‐fold increase in quadriceps and gastrocnemius fat infiltration. Western blotting revealed decreased autophagy marker microtubules‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐B (LC3BII/LC3BI) ratio and up‐regulation of protein kinase B/AKT and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation, suggesting inefficient cellular debris and protein clearance in TN BLAJ mice fed a WD. Male and female BLAJ mice under TN and WD combination showed heterogenous fibro‐fatty infiltrate composition.DiscussionTN and WD combination exacerbates rodent LGMD2b without affecting WT mice. This improves rodent modeling of human MD and helps elucidate how metabolic abnormalities may play a causal role in muscle wasting.
Evaluation of the efficacy of oral nano‐silymarin formulation in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aryan Hossein , Farahani Ramin Hamidi , Chamanara Mohsen , Elyasi Sepideh , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Haddad Mahboubeh , Sani Ashraf Tavanaee , Ardalan Mohamed Afshar , Mosaed Reza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsidering the outbreak pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the lack of effective therapeutic strategies for the management of this viral disease, and the increasing evidence on the antiviral potential of silymarin, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of silymarin nanomicelles on the symptom's resolution time, laboratory parameters, and liver enzymes in patients with COVID‐19. The participants were assigned to the nano‐silymarin (n = 25) (receiving SinaLive soft gel, containing 70 mg silymarin as nanomicelles) or placebo groups (n = 25) three times daily for two weeks. Patients' symptoms and laboratory findings were assessed at baseline and during the follow‐up period (one week and one month after the beginning of the treatment). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of symptoms resolution time, laboratory parameters, and hospitalization duration (p > 0.05). However, the alanine aminotransferase level decreased significantly in the treatment group, compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Concomitant use of dexamethasone and remdesivir with silymarin might make the effects of silymarin on the improvement of patients' condition unclear. Further clinical trials are recommended with diverse dosages and larger sample sizes.
Lumbosacral MRI findings in two dogs diagnosed with a Neospora caninum infection
Authors: Clark Robert , Shaw Thomas , Sanchez Lluis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 5‐month‐old, male, entire labrador retriever (case 1) and a 6‐year‐old, female, neutered greyhound (case 2) presented following chronic, progressive, non‐painful paraparesis in both cases with L4–Cd and L4–S1 neurolocalisation respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral region revealed multifocal muscular changes in both cases with patchy T2‐weighted and water‐weighted T2‐weighted Dixon hyperintensities, with moderate contrast enhancement throughout the gluteal and lumbar paraspinal muscles. Multifocal radiculoneuropathy in case 1 and meningomyelitis in case 2 were identified. Crucially, in case 1, the identification of abnormal muscles on magnetic resonance imaging allowed the diagnosis of neosporosis via polymerase chain reaction on targeted muscle biopsy when previously indirect fluorescent antibody test serology was inconclusive and polymerase chain reaction on lumbar cerebrospinal fluid was negative. These cases highlight the magnetic resonance imaging findings of canine lumbar neosporosis and offer an alternative route of diagnosis through targeted muscle biopsy.
Including the power regulation strategy in aerodynamic optimization of wind turbines for increased design freedom
Authors: Iori J. , McWilliam M.K. , Stolpe M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn wind turbine optimization, the standard power regulation strategy follows a constrained trajectory based on the maximum power coefficient. It can be updated automatically during the optimization process by solving a nested maximization problem at each iteration. We argue that this model does not take advantage of the load alleviation potential of the regulation strategy and additionally requires significant computational effort. An alternative approach is proposed, where the rotational speed and pitch angle control points for the entire operation range are set as design variables, changing the problem formulation from nested to one‐level. The nested and one‐level formulations are theoretically and numerically compared on different aerodynamic blade design optimization problems for AEP maximization. The aerodynamics are calculated with a steady‐state blade element momentum method. The one‐level approach increases the design freedom of the problem and allows introducing a secondary objective in the design of the regulation strategy. Numerical results indicate that a standard regulation strategy can still emerge from a one‐level optimization. Second, we illustrate that novel optimal regulation strategies can emerge from the one‐level optimization approach. This is demonstrated by adding a thrust penalty term and a constraint on the maximum thrust. A region of minimal thrust tracking and a peak‐shaving strategy appear automatically in the optimal design.
Financial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on an academic otolaryngology department
Authors: Yver Christina M. , Chao Tiffany N. , Thaler Erica R. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Chalian Ara A. , Weinstein Gregory S. , O'Malley Bert W. , Cannady Steven B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the financial impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic on an academic otolaryngology department.MethodsA year‐over‐year comparison was used to compare department revenue from April 2020 and April 2021 as a percentage of baseline April 2019 activity.ResultsAt the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in April 2020, total department charges decreased by 83.4%, of which outpatient clinic charges were affected to the greatest extent. One year into pandemic recovery, department charges remained down 6.7% from baseline, and outpatient clinic charges remained down 9.9%. The reduction in outpatient clinic charges was mostly driven by a decrease in in‐office procedure charges.ConclusionGiven that precautions to mitigate the risk of viral transmission in the health care setting are likely to be long‐lived, it is important to consider the vulnerabilities of our specialty to mitigate financial losses going forward.
Femurkopfreduktionsosteotomie zur Verbesserung des femoroazetabulären Containments bei Morbus Perthes
Authors: Slongo Theddy , Ziebarth Kai 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Operationsziel
Wiederherstellung der Hüftkongruenz und des Containments durch zentrale Hüftkopfresektion/Reduktion über eine erweiterte chirurgische Hüftluxation unter Erhaltung/Respektierung der Hüftkopfdurchblutung. Eine gleichzeitige oder spätere Reorientierung des Acetabulums durch Triple-Osteotomie oder PAO bei instabiler Hüfte kann in speziellen Fällen notwendig werden.

Indikationen
Die Indikation zur chirurgischen Hüftkopfreduktion ist praktisch unabhängig vom Alter bei jeglicher inkongruenten, asphärischen Hüftkopfsituation mit „hinged abduction“ (zu erwartende Endsituation wie Stulberg IV und V) gegeben. Dies kann noch bei aktivem wie auch bei bereits ausgeheiltem Morbus Perthes der Fall sein. Zudem kann bei einer Stulberg-V-Situation selbst im adulten Alter noch eine Verbesserung erziel werden. Nach Resektion muss noch ein tragfähiger Resthüftkopf vorhanden bleiben, d. h. mindestens noch 50 % des ausgeweiteten Hüftkopfes. Die dafür beste Planung erfolgt in der „vergleichenden“ 3‑D-Rekonstruktion.

Kontraindikationen
Völlig zerstörter Knorpel oder Hüftkopf.

Operationstechnik
Identisches Operationsvorgehen wie für die klassische chirurgische Hüftluxation. Präparation der retinakulären Flaps. Unter Respektierung und in Kenntnis der Gefäßversorgung Spaltung des Hüftkopfes gemäß dem zu entfernenden, nekrotischen Kopfanteil. Bildung eines möglichst sphärischen Hüftkopfes und Verschraubung der beiden Kopfanteile auf Schenkelhalsniveau. Distalisation und Fixierung des großen Trochanters. Je nach Kongruenz und Stabilität des Hüftkopfs in der Hüftpfanne kann eine primäre oder sekundäre Triple-OT oder PAO notwendig werden.

Weiterbehandlung
Die intraoperative Stabilität des Femurkopfes im Acetabulum muss erzielt worden sein, um eine beckengipsfreie, funktionelle Nachbehandlung zu gewährleisten: Stockentlastung mit Bodenkontakt ist erlaubt; keine aktive Rotation; Flexion aktiv und passiv bis 90 Grad ist erlaubt; vorerst keine spezifische Physiotherapie; je nach Heilungsverlauf sind diese Maßnahmen 8 bis 10 Wochen einzuhalten.

Ergebnisse
Gemäß unseren publizierten Nachuntersuchungen (aktuell 21 Jahre) sehen wir bei technisch korrekt durchgeführter Operation und korrekter Indikation sowie adäquater Nachbehandlung durchwegs gute Ergebnisse. Nekrosen des reduzierten Hüftkopfs haben wir nie beobachtet. Alle gespaltenen Hüftköpfe, respektive Schenkelhälse sind primär geheilt.