bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inovasi dan Potensi Madrasah Dalam Membangun Serta Mengembangkan Karakter Peserta Didik
Authors: Rusmanidar Rusmanidar 
Published: March 2022

Inovasi adalah suatu ide, gagasan, praktik atau obyek, benda yang disadari dan diterima sebagai suatu hal yang baru oleh seseorang atau kelompok untuk diadopsi. Sedangkan potensi adalah kemampuan yang dimiliki manusia yang sangat mungkin untuk dikembangkan. Memahami potensi dan kemampuan diri sendiri merupakan hal yang sangat penting. Begitu juga potensi yang dimiliki oleh lembaga sekolah dalam hal ini madrasah. Potensi yang dimiliki madrasah dapat berupa sarana dan prasaranan yang dimiliki, sumber daya tenaga pendidik dan sumber daya dari peserta didik itu sendiri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi literature, dimana subjek yang dibahas adalah mengenai inovasi dan potensi yang telah dan akan dilakukan madrasah-madrasah terutama dalam pengembangan karakter peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi yang telah dilakukan madrasah adalah menjadi 1). Madrasah riset, 2). Madrasah berbudaya, dan 3). Madrasah bermain atau multimodal. Diharapkan dengan inovasi yang telah dilakukan madrasah dapat membentuk karakter peserta didik.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Menggunakan Strategi Teka Teki Silang di SMP
Authors: Sinaryati Sinaryati 
Published: March 2022

Background of The research by learning outcomes student which still many below Complete Criterion Minimize (CCM). Other than that study process only predominated by group owning high ability. Purpose of this research are to know do there are influence active learning strategy of crossword puzzle type to learning outcomes student of VIII.2 class SMP Negeri Bernas. Design of this research is classroom action research with research design repeated actions/cycles, each cycle consists of four steps (planning, implementation, observation and evaluation, reflection). The population in research was all student of VIII.2 class SMP Negeri Bernas. The data analysis technique used in this study is mastery learning after obtaining learning outcomes data through academic tests, then the data is data that describes student learning mastery. Result of this result was learning outcomes student after using active learning strategy of crossword puzzle type better of mean learning outcomes of student before using active learning strategy of crossword puzzle type.
Análise de extremos de temperatura no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Da Rocha Júnior Rodrigo Lins , Dos Santos Silva Fabrício Daniel , Cavalcante Pinto David Duarte , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Herdies Dirceu Luis , Guidson Farias de Freitas Ismael , Silva Vila Nova Thayna 
Published: March 2022

Esta pesquisa analisa tendências de extremos climáticos de temperatura na região sul do Brasil (SB), baseada em oito índices, quatro absolutos (maiores e menores temperaturas máximas (TX) e mínimas (TN) anuais) e quatro em percentis (porcentagem de dias com TX e TN inferiores ao percentil 10, e de dias com Tmax e Tmin superiores ao percentil 90), calculados a partir de séries de dados observados em alta resolução espacial de 0.25°x0.25°, no período 1980-2016. O teste de Mann-Kendall (MK) foi usado para analisar a significância das tendências, em °C/década. Resultados mostraram aumento da intensidade e frequência de extremos no SB, com tendências negativas generalizadas dos extremos absolutos de TN, e positivas dos extremos absolutos de TX, podendo-se inferir desse resultado uma dilatação da amplitude térmica diária no período. Os extremos norte e sul do SB mostram tendência negativa no número de dias e noites frias, ao passo que a área central do SB mostra tendências positivas no número de dias e noites frias, e negativas no percentual de dias e noites quentes, com a exceção ocorrendo na periferia da região SB. No entanto, os resultados apresentados devem servir de alerta para o gerenciamento de uma das mais importantes atividades econômicas do SB, a agricultura, com especial atenção para culturas de inverno em relação ao aumento/diminuição do número de horas de frio.
A Deep Review on a Historical Brick Bridge in South Moravia; Reconstruction and Assessment
Authors: Boháčová Denisa , Burgetová Eva 
Published: March 2022

The paper describes a structural survey of the brick arched bridge from the 17th century located in Portz Insel near the city Mikulov—in the historic cultural landscape on the Moravian-Austrian border. The bridge is consummate engineering work, originally equipped with a wooden lifting deck, reaching a respectable length of 91.5 m and with 3.7 m. It consists of 15 semi-circular vaulted arches divided by pilasters with double sizes pyramidal edges. It fascinates by its age and it is unparalleled as to the selection of the building material and design. The basic material analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of bridge bricks (moisture, water absorption, resonant frequencies, tensile and compressive strength) were tested including the assessment of the freeze resistance of the original bricks confirming their high quality and durability. The construction was not far from sinking into oblivion until recently when the reconstruction was carried out from 2019 to 2020 and the bridge masonry has been stabilised. Thanks to the inimitable quality of the bricks the construction has survived. The reconstruction of the bridge was awarded the title Monument of the year 2020 by National Heritage Institute.
Breeding of Rj Gene-Accumulated Soybean Genotypes and Their Availability for Improving Soybean Productivity
Authors: Shiro Sokichi , Saeki Yuichi 
Published: March 2022

Some soybean varieties harbor the Rj genes, which regulate nodulation by preventing infection and nodulation by specific rhizobial strains. Soybean genotypes carrying several Rj genes may enhance the occupancy of useful bradyrhizobia, which exhibit potent nitrogen fixation ability and exhibit nodulation compatible with the Rj genotype of soybean. Therefore, we bred soybean lines presenting the Rj2Rj3Rj4 genotype by crossing the Japanese cultivars “Bonminori” (Rj2Rj3) and “Fukuyutaka” (Rj4) and studied the effects of Rj gene accumulation on productivity. To investigate yield components, three Rj gene-accumulated soybean lines (B × F − E, B × F − M, and B × F − L) and three soybean cultivars (“Enrei,” “Sachiyutaka,” and “Fukuyutaka”) were cultivated in 2016 and 2017. Pod and seed number and yield were the highest in B × F − M. The occupancy rate of isolates in cluster of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110T carrying the hydrogen uptake genes tended to be lower in the Rj2Rj3Rj4 soybean lines than in “Sachiyutaka” and “Fukuyutaka.” Additionally, the occupancy rate of this cluster was positively correlated with yield. Therefore, promoting infection by bradyrhizobial strains carrying the hydrogen uptake genes may improve soybean productivity. Moreover, the Rj2Rj3Rj4 genotype of soybean may be inoculated with B. diazoefficiens USDA 110T, which is not restricted by the Rj2 gene, to further enhance soybean productivity.
Interface Static Friction Enabled Ultra‐Durable and High Output Sliding Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Tang Qian , Wang Zhao , Chang Wenxuan , Sun Jianfeng , He Wencong , Zeng Qixuan , Guo Hengyu , Hu Chenguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUtilizing the static friction of the rolling rod/ball is an effective strategy to address the mechanical durability in sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), but its line/point contact seriously reduces the output performance. Herein, a high output and ultra‐durable TENG is achieved by a rolling belt method. Compared with the previous rolling rod mode TENG (R‐TENG), the electric output performance of the rolling belt mode TENG (RB‐TENG) increases nearly 3.8 times. The maximum output power density of RB‐TENG reaches ≈280 W m‐2 with self‐charge excitation and power management, and its charge density is the highest among all sliding mode TENGs without sliding friction including rolling rod/ball mode and noncontact freestanding mode. Furthermore, the RB‐TENG remains nearly 98.5% of its output performance after more than 4 100 000 cycles, which is the highest stability measured in such a long time by now, with material abrasion quality 6.42 µg·g‐1 (<1% of traditional sliding TENG) every 10 000 cycles. This work provides an effective strategy for solving the bottleneck issues of mechanical abrasion in sliding mode TENGs.
Bionic Soft Multimodal Actuators for Fast, Large Deformation under Ultralow Magnetic Conditions
Authors: Dai Keren , Zhu Zhisen , Jin He , Ma Xiang , Duan Weiwang , Wang Jiong , Zhang Wenling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVery recently, magnetically driven soft actuators have prompted increasing interest due to their programmable deformation, swift response, and remote actuation. However, it is still challenging to trigger strong and fast actuating performances with an extremely weak magnetic field due to the difficult task of in situ programming of magnetic domains and the limited mechanical structures. Here, first a bionic sandwich structure is proposed for designing soft magnetic actuators with a specific threshold value. The crab‐like jointed structure of PDMS‐embedded NdFeB upper/lower layers is essential for generating the desirable threshold effect, while a flytrap‐inspired soft interlayer is further implemented to decrease the driving magnetic field. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are implemented to optimize the actuating performances of soft actuators (deformation rate, deformation angle) by modulating the structural parameters. Experimental results show that the biomimetic features yield a promptly switchable bistable state, a superior strong deformation rate of 1.93, and a maximum deformation angle of 25.5° under an ultralow magnetic field of 1 mT. Two demonstrative applications of soft actuators are investigated, including threshold switching and soft grippers, suggesting their broad applications in engineering fields. Remarkably, the magnetic soft grippers associated with the gecko‐inspired adhesion surface exhibit an improved and stable grasping ability. This work focuses on designing highly deformable actuators and functions in emerging areas of soft robotics.
Windmill‐Like Nanogenerator for Harvesting Low‐Speed Wind Energy and Wind Speed Measuring
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Cao Xia , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWind energy, one of the most promising and renewable energy sources, is extensively exploited around the world. However, in traditional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for wind energy harvesting, due to the limitations of device structures with high friction force, the collection of wind energy at low speeds is always faced with enormous challenges. To overcome this difficulty, an ultralow friction and highly effective windmill‐like nanogenerator (WNG) is proposed. Herein, the WNG is based on a freestanding mode TENG and adopts a rotational triboelectric layer with contact–separation mode. This special design successfully achieves a smaller friction resistance, allowing wind energy to be captured at low speeds. Under the minimum wind speed, the optimized WNG has a maximum load power of 0.753 µW, which can illuminate nine LEDs simultaneously. The WNG can convert wind energy into enough electricity to power a hygrometer or a digital clock under the maximum wind speed. Moreover, a wind speed detection system based on WNG is developed and proves the superiority of real‐time wind speed detection by appropriate computation parameters. This work not only shows the development potential of the WNG in low‐speed wind energy collection but also expends the application potential of TENG‐based self‐powered environmental monitoring.
The potentialities of ultrasound as an alternative to chemical etching for proton beam writing micropatterning
Authors: de Vila Bauer Deiverti , Debastiani Rafaela , Telles de Souza Claudia , Amaral Livio , Ferraz Dias Johnny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the potentialities of using ultrasound waves as a post‐irradiation treatment after proton beam writing (PBW) patterning of PTFE. To that end, 2‐mm‐thick foils of PTFE were irradiated with 2.2 MeV protons with an average current of 50 pA. Straight line structures were patterned on the polymer with a 3.5 × 3.5 μm2 focused proton beam. Post‐irradiation polymers were placed in a heat bath at 60 °C and immersed either in distilled water or in a 6 M solution of NaOH under the action of 40 kHz ultrasound waves for developing the patterned structures. The results indicate that distilled water submitted to ultrasound waves is very efficient for removing rough structures created by the proton irradiation and thus providing a good aspect ratio to the PBW microstructures. On the other hand, the use of 6 M NaOH instead of water did not improve the quality of the structures patterned with the proton beam. The results are discussed in terms of the parameters that characterize the interaction of ultrasound waves with the liquid media and the polymer.
Nutrient limitation in Atlantic salmon rivers and streams: Causes, consequences, and management strategies
Authors: Bernthal Fionn R. , Armstrong John D. , Nislow Keith H. , Metcalfe Neil B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Freshwater catchments can experience nutrient deficits that result in reduced primary and secondary productivity. The most commonly limiting nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus, either separately or together. This review considers the impact of increasing nutrient limitation in temperate basin stream and river systems, focusing on upland areas that currently or previously supported wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations.
Anthropogenic changes to land use and increases in river barriers have altered upland nutrient dynamics, with particular impacts on salmon and other migratory fish species which may be net importers of nutrients to upland streams. Declining salmon populations may further reduce nutrient sources, reducing ecosystem and fisheries productivity below desired levels.
Experimental manipulations of nutrient levels have examined the impacts of this cultural oligotrophication. There is evidence that growth and biomass of juvenile salmon can be increased via appropriate additions of nutrients, offering potential as a conservation tool. However, further research is required to understand the long‐term effects of these additions on salmon populations and stream ecosystems, and to assess the vulnerability of downstream habitats to eutrophication as a result.
Although purposeful nutrient addition with the aim of enhancing and conserving salmonid populations may be justified in some cases, it should be undertaken in an adaptive management framework. In addition, nutrient addition should be linked to nutrient retention and processing, and integrated into large‐scale habitat restoration and recovery efforts.
Both the scientific and the management community should recognize that the ecological costs and benefits associated with adding nutrients to salmon streams may change in a non‐stationary world.
Facile one‐pot three‐component route to an assembly of 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes and spirochromenes promoted via ceria nanoparticles in a benign manner
Authors: Khorshidi Naimeh , Heydari Reza , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Fatahpour Maryam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a series of 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes and spirochromenes were elaborated and synthesized via a new sustainable one‐pot three‐component strategy from easily available materials including phloroglucinol, malononitrile, and aldehydes/isatins. Ceria nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) were successfully applied as an effective catalyst that recycled and reused with a marginal decrement in its catalytic performance. The Lewis acid–base nature of the described nanocatalyst afforded the high yields of target products. The reaction is run in ethanol as a green solvent to create an environment‐friendly process. The other salient merits of this methodology are a broad substrate scope, a simple operation, shorter reaction times, and no need for column chromatographic purification.
Improvement of chiral separation efficiency through temperature control during one time high performance liquid chromatography analysis
Authors: Eun Dan Bi , Jeong Young Han , Ryoo Jae Jeong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined how manual temperature control affects the separation of two enantiomers of five racemic mixtures using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in terms of separation factor (α), resolution (Rs), and the number of theoretical plates (N). The results showed that heating/cooling during one time HPLC analysis improved the separation factor and resolution.
First‐Principles Studies on the Atomistic Properties of Metallic Magnesium as Anode Material in Magnesium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fiesinger Florian , Gaissmaier Daniel , van den Borg Matthias , Jacob Timo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRechargeable magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs) are a promising alternative to commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). They are safer to handle, environmentally more friendly, and provide a five‐time higher volumetric capacity (3832 mAh cm−3) than commercialized LIBs. However, the formation of a passivation layer on metallic Mg electrodes is still a major challenge towards their commercialization. Using density functional theory (DFT), the atomistic properties of metallic magnesium, mainly well‐selected self‐diffusion processes on perfect and imperfect Mg surfaces were investigated to better understand the initial surface growth phenomena. Subsequently, rate constants and activation temperatures of crucial diffusion processes on Mg(0001) and Mg(10
1) were determined, providing preliminary insights into the surface kinetics of metallic Mg electrodes. The obtained DFT results provide a data set for parametrizing a force field for metallic Mg or performing kinetic Monte‐Carlo simulations.
Ameliorated effects of a lipopeptide surfactin on insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Zhao Hongyuan , Meng Fanqiang , Zhou Libang , Pang Xinyi , Lu Zhaoxin , Lu Yingjian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurfactin, produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fmb50, was used to treat insulin‐resistant (IR) hepatocyte. It was found that surfactin increased glucose consumption in insulin‐resistant HepG2 (IR‐HepG2) cells and ameliorated IR by increasing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) mRNA expression, promoting GLUT4 translocation and activating phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) in IR‐HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, surfactin downregulated protein expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase), further inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. In addition, surfactin played important roles in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibiting proinflammatory mediators. We observed that surfactin promoted glucose consumption, meanwhile increased translocation and protein expression of GLUT4 in Caco‐2 cells. These results confirmed the conclusion in hepatic cells. Furthermore, surfactin supplement decreased body weight, food intake, and fasting blood glucose of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ)/high‐fat diet (HFD). Our data indicated that surfactin ameliorated insulin resistance and lowered blood glucose in intro and in vivo.
Cyanidin‐3‐galactoside from Aronia melanocarpa ameliorates silica‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by modulating the TGF‐β/mTOR and NRF2/HO‐1 pathways
Authors: Cui Yanmin , Zhao Jin , Chen Jing , Kong Yanwen , Wang Mingyue , Ma Yan , Meng Xianjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyanidin‐3‐galactoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa, has many beneficial health effects, such as antioxidation. C3G was extracted from A. melanocarpa and applied (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) to 50‐μl silica particles (SP) solution‐exposed mice to research its antifibrotic properties using histological analysis, hydroxyproline assay, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. The results showed that C3G treatment significantly ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis and cell infiltration into the lungs of mice. It also relieved SP‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), 400 mg/kg C3G treatment increasing epithelial‐cadherin mRNA expression and decreasing α‐smooth muscle actin mRNA expression to the level of that in the control group. Western blot analysis showed that exposure to SP increased the production of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by 4.71‐ and 4.15‐fold, respectively, in the lungs of mice, which were significantly inhibited by C3G treatment. Moreover, 400 mg/kg C3G treatment up‐regulated two important antioxidant mediators, nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (NRF2; 4.91‐fold) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1; 4.81‐fold). The mechanism study indicated that C3G might inhibit the TGF‐β/mTOR signaling via the NRF2/HO‐1 pathway and that SP‐induced pulmonary EMT was ameliorated by inhibiting the TGF‐β/mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings could provide new avenues for C3G as a functional food for preventing or mediating the progression of SP‐induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Myelin Water Imaging of Nerve Recovery in Rehabilitating Stroke Patients
Authors: Park Muyul , Cho Yejin , Kim Dae Hyun , Choi Hyun Seok , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Deog Young 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMyelin water imaging (MWI) using MRI has been introduced as a method to quantify the integrity of myelin in vivo. However, the investigation of its potential to probe myelin changes has been limited.PurposeTo determine the myelin change using MWI in the corticospinal tract (CST) during the rehabilitation of stroke patients.Study TypeLongitudinal.PopulationA total of 24 stroke patients within 6 months from the onset (64.3 ± 16.1 years, 14 women, 10 men) and 10 healthy volunteers (27.0 ± 2.2 years, 2 women, 8 men).Field Strength/SequenceThree‐dimensional multiecho gradient echo sequence and diffusion‐weighted echoplanar imaging sequence at 3 T.AssessmentThe changes of myelin water fraction (MWF) and fractional anisotropy (FA) during rehabilitation were analyzed in the CST and other regions using tractography software and region of interest drawings by the radiologist.Statistical TestsA paired t‐test was performed to investigate the change of MRI metrics during rehabilitation. In addition, an independent two‐sample t‐test was performed to investigate the effects of different rehabilitation protocols. A P‐value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsIn the CST, MWF significantly changed from 5.83 ± 0.91% to 6.23 ± 0.97% after rehabilitation while changes of FA (0.442 ± 0.038 to 0.443 ± 0.035) were not significant (P = 0.656). The rate of change in MWF and FA, which were 6.69% and 0.439% respectively, were significantly different. Other regions did not show significant changes (range of MWF change: −3.44% to −1.61%, range of FA change: −1.39% to 0.79%, and range of P‐value: 0.144–0.761). Further analysis showed that those with additional robot‐assisted rehabilitation had a significantly larger MWF change than those with conventional rehabilitation only (rate of change: 11.2% vs. 3.2%).Data ConclusionThe feasibility of using MWI to monitor myelin content was demonstrated by showing the MWF changes during rehabilitation.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2