bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse-width-dependent dynamic charge deposition on quartz dielectrics interacted with atmospheric pressure He plasma jet
Authors: Zhang Bo , Sun Yuhao , Han Wenhu , Zhao Hang , Wang Chenxu , Mu Haibao , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Surface processing with atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is attracting attention from both academia and industry for its capability of flexible plasma release onto targets. It is significant to understand the characteristics and mechanism of interfacial phenomenon in plasma surface interaction. This paper reports the fundamental surface charging phenomenon on quartz dielectrics by a He APPJ excited by μs-width pulses with duty ratios from 0.5% to 75%. The targeted quartz plate is attached to an electro-optic crystal grounded in the back for charge measurement. The evolution of surface charges is detected with a reflective-type optical measurement platform based on Pockels effect and the fast charge inversion on 2D-FTA. Results show that ionization waves and quartz dielectric interaction generates a round positive charge deposition, whose lifetime greatly depends on the pulse widths. Under a fixed pulse width, higher voltage magnitudes encourage more charges with a higher deposition rate. An interesting polarity reversal of surface charging occurs when the pulse width increases to over half-cycle, with a reduced positive charge on pulse-on and more negative charges on pulse-off. Efforts are devoted to exploring the mechanisms of charge maintenance on pulse-on and the polarity reversal under longer pulses of several hundred microseconds. These results reveal that the unchanged charge density in dark channel is due to the much lower rate of charge decay compared with the fast ionization wave propagation. The abrupt decrease at the falling edge results from the charge neutralization in the negative conductive channel formed by the secondary discharge. By measuring the initial evolution during the foremost 1000 periods, we prove that the accumulative difference in dissipated charges between pulse-on and pulse-off periods is the main cause of the occurrence of polarity reversal under long pulses. This study provides a more compatible tool for in-depth insight into the charging process of plasma interacting with multiple dielectrics, and exhibits a potential strategy of regulating surface charging by adjusting pulse parameters, which are of interest to the plasma community.
Climate nonlinearities: selection, uncertainty, projections, and damages
Authors: Cael B B , Britten G L , Mir Calafat F , Bloch-Johnson J , Stainforth D , Goodwin P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Climate projections are uncertain; this uncertainty is costly and impedes progress on climate policy. This uncertainty is primarily parametric (what numbers do we plug into our equations?), structural (what equations do we use in the first place?), and due to internal variability (natural variability intrinsic to the climate system). The former and latter are straightforward to characterise in principle, though may be computationally intensive for complex climate models. The second is more challenging to characterise and is therefore often ignored. We developed a Bayesian approach to quantify structural uncertainty in climate projections, using the idealised energy-balance model representations of climate physics that underpin many economists’ integrated assessment models (IAMs) (and therefore their policy recommendations). We define a model selection parameter, which switches on one of a suite of proposed climate nonlinearities and multidecadal climate feedbacks. We find that a model with a temperature-dependent climate feedback is most consistent with global mean surface temperature observations, but that the sign of the temperature-dependence is opposite of what Earth system models suggest. This difference of sign is likely due to the assumption tha the recent pattern effect can be represented as a temperature dependence. Moreover, models other than the most likely one contain a majority of the posterior probability, indicating that structural uncertainty is important for climate projections. Indeed, in projections using shared socioeconomic pathways similar to current emissions reductions targets, structural uncertainty dwarfs parametric uncertainty in temperature. Consequently, structural uncertainty dominates overall non-socioeconomic uncertainty in economic projections of climate change damages, as estimated from a simple temperature-to-damages calculation. These results indicate that considering structural uncertainty is crucial for IAMs in particular, and for climate projections in general.
Carbon nanomaterials for the treatment of water pollutant in the purpose of environmental remediation
Authors: Zghal S , Jedidi I , Cretin M , Cerneaux S , Abdelmouleh M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A porous graphite carbon/carbon nanotubes material was fabricated by a one-step process using ferrocene, as a catalyzing agent for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) growth, phenolic resin, avicel and graphite powder. SEM images demonstrated that CNTs were grown in different shapes, diameters and lengths. The ferrocene and avicel contents were drastically changed the surface properties of carbon materials. The as-prepared composites were tested as adsorbents of high interest for wastewater treatment for the removal of humic acid (HA) dissolved in aqueous solutions. Results confirmed that porous carbon materials are considered as promising materials acting both as adsorbent and cathode in the adsorption process for wastewater treatment containing natural organic matter.
BIM Digital twins environment to enhance construction process
Authors: Istanbullu A , Wamuziri S , Siddique M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, the quality of life is mostly related to the quality of construction. Poor performance of construction project could be related to the poor quality of used construction materials but also to the unsuitable construction processes. BIM methodology adopted an innovative and more effective workflow in construction process. Benefits of BIM are widely recognized and documented including enhanced communication and collaboration between stakeholders, effective decision-making and monitoring, reduced construction cost and duration, etc. However, there is a lot of construction process related information outside of BIM methodology like ERP and building automation system. Digital Twins (DTs) contribute to smart construction through the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics. As construction projects are getting more complex and need more advanced and integrated tools to achieve economic and sustainability objectives, this work proposes a new construction system using the power of digital twins (DTs) and BIM to improve construction process. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize repetitive floor construction cycle. it is reasonable to expect a reduction of 25% of unused resources, which greatly improves site productivity and obtain better economic efficiency. In addition, the working and safety conditions of workers are improved since daily rates of working hours are balanced.
Synthesis and characterization of structural metal matrix composite using agricultural waste targeting for environmental sustainability
Authors: Radhakrishnan Ganesh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coconut shell is one of the major agricultural wastes like rice husk, corn hub, groundnut shell etc., which can be found in abundance in various countries those have significant potential in agricultural sector. In the recent times, it has been found that these kind of agricultural wastes are effectively utilized by recycling them targeting for various engineering and scientific applications and in turn to achieve environmental sustainability. In the present study, the mechanical behavior of aluminum hybrid metal matrix composites reinforced with coconut shell ash (CSA) and silicon carbide is investigated. The composite specimens are fabricated by stir casting technique under normal atmospheric conditions with different weight fractions of reinforcements. The as cast specimens are heated to 500°C and maintained for four hours followed by normal cooling and subsequent aging at 170°C for two hours. Microstructural examination of the composites confirmed the uniform distribution of reinforcements and grain boundaries with no significant agglomeration. Properties such as mass density, hardness, and ultimate tensile strength are computed in order to appraise the mechanical behaviour of composites. The results revealed the fact that, with increasing the quantity of CSA in reinforcing phase, the ultimate tensile strength is increased and hardness is decreased. On the other side, the percentage of elongation is improved marginally and stiffness decreased. Inclusion of CSA offered significant influence on the mechanical behavior of Al-SiC-CSA hybrid composites. To some extent, AA 6061/CSA competes with AA 6061/SiCp in mechanical behavior rather than hybrid composites because of lack in both chemical and structural affinity between the reinforcements.
Energy Saving to Diminish the Electricity Demand by Regulating HVAC System
Authors: Solanki Parmal Singh , Dua Piyush , Ashraf Syed Aqeel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Energy saving to diminish the power demand is more important when the substantial increase of electrical tariffs mount financial pressure on monthly budget of the end-users. The higher amount of electricity bill is one of the driving forces to investigate the epicentre of energy consumption at university campus. The objective of the study presented in paper is to test a strategy which could achieve significant reduction in electricity demand and associated bills. The load demand of all buildings and other entities at the campus have analysed using electricity bills of 30 months since 2016 to 2019. From the analysis of collected data, it is observed that HVAC units are responsible for most of electricity consumption at campus. Two split type HVAC units each of 2-ton capacity equipped with rotary compressor have considered in study to measure their energy intakes. Each unit has put in observation for three days with a thermostat setting of 23°C and 25°C. Assuming the similar atmospheric conditions, the HVAC unit at thermostat setting of 25°C has consumed average 147 Watts less power compare to the thermostat setting of 23°C. If the energy saving strategy by regulating set point of thermostat from 23°C to 25°C is deployed to the entire cooling load, it is estimated that hourly 5.33% energy and 0.081 kg of CO2 emission could be saved. This strategy would significantly diminish the electricity bills and support to clean environment. The findings of work are imperative to quantify the significant amount of energy demand reduction at the university campus.
Design and Implementation of PLC based Smart Coffee Maker
Authors: Kamatchi Maharaja , Mendoza Cesar , Venusamy Kanagaraj 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Automation is preferred in every production and service field to reduce human intervention to achieve high efficiency, reliability and less human effort. In this paper the design of a smart coffee maker is implemented using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The proposed coffee machine includes eight different modes that offer hot drinks ranging from black coffee to white tea depending on the user’s input. Because of its durability and ease of installation and maintenance, the proposed Smart Coffee Maker system includes a PLC controller. Furthermore, the PLC monitors the input on a regular basis, and the actuators utilized in the project, such as the conveyor belt, various valves, and the lamp, are controlled based on the input and custom program downloaded in the PLC to achieve the automation of the coffee making process. Toggle switches are used to select the appropriate mode, while limit switches are used to assure the operation sequence by functioning as a control signal/input to turn the conveyor belt motor ON/OFF. The smart coffee maker technology has been tested in the laboratory and has shown to be effective.
Optimization and Enhancement of Volatile Fatty Acids Biosynthesis via Anaerobic Mesophilic Digestion of Biomass Waste Mixtures
Authors: Mostafa Nagat Abdalla , Abd ElMoez Mohamed Hasan , Monazie Aliaa Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Anaerobic mesophilic batch digestion of lime-pretreated rice straw/chicken manure/ rumen fiber mix was investigated to determine their feasibility as a feedstock to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The influence of solid content (10, 15 & 20%) on the bioreactor performance was studied in batch system. The increase in solid content gave a slight increase in VFAs concentration but higher productivity of 12.1 gL−1d−1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the process responses (acid concentration and productivity) using central composite design (face centered) with three coded levels and independent process variables (solid content, and time). Based on the significant predicted mathematical models, the optimum operating parameters for volatile fatty acids production were identified to maximize the acid concentration and the productivity. The optimum values were 20% for solid content at 24 h contact time. The acid concentration and productivity values achieved at this condition were 11.64 g/L and 10.87 gL−1d−1, respectively. So, the two developed mathematical models for both acid concentration and productivity responses have been confirmed the experimental results and can be used to navigate the design space.
Study of electromagnetic radiation from mobile towers near schools and health centers in the Suhar city
Authors: Dua Piyush , ALSaidi Mohammed Saif , Solanki Parmal Singh , Sulaiman Al Maawali Ibrahim Hamdan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mobile information access and communication has become an important segment of modern life. At the same time, people wellbeing is taken into consideration for the safe use of technology. As per Bio-Initiative Report, the existing standards are to be relooked for proper healthy environment. Different countries are adopting different criteria for the limit of the radiation power density within the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection limits. For the purpose, administrators and regulators in Sultanate of Oman are taking utmost care according to the guidelines setup by International and National agencies. With the focus to have awareness about the technical requirements to protect the health of the people, especially (kids, pregnant women and patients), the study was done to measure the power density radiated by mobile towers near schools and health centers within Suhar using the “Spectran” handheld analyzer for GSM 900 MHz range with maximum distance 250 meters within the study area. It was found that the measured power density decreases as the distance of point of measurement is increased. On all the measurement points the power density was well below the recommended range from ICNIRP infers the safe use the communication devices under the present conditions.
Municipal Solid Waste-to-Energy-Facility to Advance Circular Economy: A Case Study in the City of Spokane, Washington
Authors: Das Tapas K. , Peters Robert W. , Aljaradin Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The development of technologies for processing residual solid mixed waste has only become a focus of attention stimulated by the search for more efficient energy sources. The majority of municipal solid waste (MSW) is of biological origin (biogenic). Typically, half of the energy content in MSW is from biogenic material. Consequently, this energy is often considered renewable energy according to the waste input, and as a result, the energy yields and profit generated can be accounted for in the circular economy. Waste-to-Energy (WtE) processes can play a role in the transition to a “circular economy” provided that a country’s waste hierarchy is used as a guiding principle and that the choices made do encourage and reward higher levels of waste minimization, reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling. In conclusion, both Waste to Energy and landfill biogas recovery systems are credited for their respective recovered energy and revenue generation while managing MSW disposal using best management practices and in an environmentally sustainable manner.
Over-grazing in the Dhofar Mountain Region: A Major Sustainability Challenge
Authors: Hussein Muawya Ahmed , Sid Ahmed Hanaa Mahmoud , Moosa Sanyo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pastoral systems are over-utilised in many countries due to population growth, land monotony, reconstruction, marketization and climate change. In Oman, particularly in the Dhofar Mountains, people are concerned about the social and environmental sustainability of pastoralism because the mountain chains, located in the south of Oman, have long been regarded as one of the best agricultural areas in the country. Overgrazing in the Dhofar Mountains due to a significant increase in the number of domestic livestock poses a threat to the environment. The main objective of this study is to conduct a systematic investigation of the socioeconomic factors affecting the Dhofar Mountain area and how this contributes to the challenges of sustainability, with emphasis on overgrazing and land degradation. A number of social scientific tools, such as focus groups and questionnaires, are being used to examine the social, economic and environmental factors of overgrazing. Results show that overgrazing and expansion in residential buildings have a positive influence on degradation of natural pastures. One of the crucial challenges that socio-ecological systems of mountains are experiencing is that strategies and policies aimed at reducing overgrazing are issued by policy makers residing outside the mountains. To address this challenge, native community stakeholders must have the ability to solve problems and make decisions. The local government should invest in marketing and animal production as an experiment that locals can replicate.
Wear behaviour of aluminium alloy 5083/SiC/fly ash inoculants based functional composites – optimization studies
Authors: Santhosh N , Praveena B A , Chandrashekar A , Mohanavel V , Raghavendra S , Basheer Dadapeer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The wear characteristics of Aluminium AA 5083/SiC/Fly Ash functional composites under different load conditions are an important aspect to assess the inoculation of Fly Ash for enhancing the functionality of the aluminium composites with respect to its tribological behaviour and its influence on wear properties. The present work is majorly aimed at the development of AA 5083/SiC functional composites inoculated with Fly Ash using stir casting method for different blends of the reinforcements (2.5, 5 & 7.5 wt%). The novelty of this research is majorly attributed to the incorporation of functional inoculants in the form of Fly Ash, which along with the SiC is bound to influence the tribological characteristics of the composites. The wear characteristics of these fabricated composites have been investigated considering various process parameters viz., the load, sliding distance, sliding velocity, wt% of SiC and wt% of Fly Ash, based on the operational requirements of the composites in real time considered from the earlier research studies and the influence of each parameter on the wear rate is discussed. Based on the different wear regimes obtained after characterization of the samples at different load conditions, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is carried out for each blend of the samples to statistically validate the experimental outcomes. The results have given sufficient substantiation to the fact that wear rate decreases with the inoculation. The wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) is minimum viz., 0.00095 mm3/m, and 0.301 respectively for L9 experimental trial, i.e., for the composite specimens synthesized by reinforcing 7.5 wt% SiC, and 7.5 wt% Fly Ash for a load of 20 N, sliding velocity of 6 m s−1, and a sliding distance of 3000 m. The results have conferred that micro segregation (coring) of SiC and uniform dispersion of Fly Ash in the matrix enhances its tribological characteristics.
Performance of clutched inerter damper for base-isolated structures under near-fault motions
Authors: Barkale Shubham , Jangid R S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The performance of the supplemental clutched inerter damper (CID) for the base-isolated multi-story structures subjected to near-fault earthquakes is investigated. The isolation system is considered as lead-rubber bearings with bi-linear characteristics and viscous damping. The resisting force of the CID is proportional to the relative acceleration between two terminals under the attached condition and zero when detached. The governing equations of motion of base-isolated structure and the CID are derived and solved using numerical techniques under seven near-fault ground motions data. The variation of peak bearing displacement, top floor absolute acceleration, total base shear, and the CID force is plotted against the inertance mass ratio of the CID. The above peak responses were also analyzed for different values of damping, period of isolation, yield strength of LRB, and superstructure stories. Application of the CID is observed to effectively facilitate the reduction in bearing displacement while the combined effect of isolation and the CID prevents the top floor acceleration to shoot up. The optimum value of inertance mass ratio is also determined by minimizing the total base shear which is the measure of equivalent lateral force on the structure. The optimum inertance lies in the range of 35%–45% of the total mass of the isolated building under near-fault motions. In addition, the performance of the CID base-isolated structure subjected to cycloidal pulses is also investigated. It is observed that the CID is quite effective in controlling the displacement of the isolation system under cycloidal pulses.