bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of local deformation and fracture behavior in ferrite + martensite dual-phase steels having different grain sizes
Authors: Park M H , Tagusari Y , Tsuji N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Low carbon dual-phase (DP) steels composed of soft ferrite and hard martensite have been widely used in the automotive industry due to their good strength-ductility balance and large strain hardening ability. DP steels have a wide variation in mechanical properties depending on several microstructural features such as grain size, phase fraction and distribution. Among them, the grain refinement of DP steels is known to be an effective option for enhancing mechanical performance in strength and ductility (especially post-uniform elongation). However, the exact reason for the significant improvement of post-uniform elongation by grain refinement has not been fully understood. It is considered that the characterization of local deformation behavior and micro-void formation/growth behavior in connection with microstructures is an essential approach for understanding the enhanced post-uniform elongation realized in the fine-grained DP specimen. In the present study, we prepared two kinds of DP specimens with mean ferrite grain sizes of 14.9 μm (coarse-grained DP) and 7.1 μm (fine-grained DP), and carefully investigated local strain distribution of tensile specimen and micro-void formation/growth behavior using digital image correlation (DIC) analysis and SEM observations. The fine-grained DP specimen exhibited a gradual strain localization after necking and had sufficient strain capacity that could endure against fracture. The fine-grained DP structure had a great number of micro-voids in the necked region, but almost all the micro-voids maintained a very small size, which was contrasted with the case of coarse-grained DP specimen containing very large-sized micro-voids. Such a significant difference in micro-void size/number characters between two kinds of DP specimens would be one possible reason for exhibiting greatly different post-uniform elongation behavior.
3D In-situ Stop Action Study of Recrystallization in Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel: Reconstruction Optimization and Observations
Authors: Liu H , Zhang Y , Wilkin M , Park J-S , Kenesei P , Rollett A D , Suter R M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A volume of an additively manufactured 316L stainless steel sample has been tracked during its recrystallization using near- and far-field High Energy Diffraction Microscopy (HEDM) and absorption tomography at Advanced Photon Source beamline 1-ID. A near-field compatible in situ furnace allows monitoring of Bragg diffraction signals as they evolve out of a weak and diffuse background while the sample temperature is ≈ 1250° C. The sample is rapidly cooled to room temperature after observation of significant signal evolution and ∼ 0.035 mm3 is mapped by the near-field method. Four cycles of heat treatment follow the structure from a state of small, isolated grains through impingement of domains to near completion of recyrstallization. Here, the experiment and reconstructions are described, and recrystallized fractions, twin domains, and distributions of grain boundary types are discussed.
Bottom gate top contact organic transistors using thiophene and furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers and its comparative study
Authors: Do Thu-Trang , Takeda Yasunori , Sekine Tomohito , Yadav Yogesh , Manzhos Sergei , Feron Krishna , Singh Samarendra P , Tokito Shizuo , Sonar Prashant 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Herein, two donor–acceptor conjugated polymers based on dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT) and thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) or furan-flanked DPP, namely PDPPT-DTT and PDPPF-DTT were synthesised, characterised and evaluated for their electrical performance in transistor devices for comparison. The influence of the heteroatoms (thiophene and furan) flanked DPP on their thermal, optical, electronic structure and charge carrier transport properties were investigated. The absorption spectra of polymer PDPPT-DTT are broader and red-shifted (26–30 nm) compared with that of polymer PDPPF-DTT, indicating the resonance energy of thiophene is greater than furan, which may allow for different electron localization and result in the difference of optical properties. In addition, energy levels of polymers were slightly affected by the aromatic remote end-groups (thiophene to furan) in DPP-based molecule. Hole transport properties of copolymers were investigated by fabricating the field-effect transistors in the bottom gate top contact (BGTC) configurations for three different self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)/gate dielectric interfaces and different annealing temperatures of polymeric active layer. The BGTC organic thin film transistor (OFET) devices having PDPPT-DTT and PDPPF-DTT thin film annealed at 200 °C exhibit the hole mobility of 0.18 and 0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The OFET devices with trichloro(octyl)silane SAM, fabricated and characterized in ambient environment (temperature ∼25 °C, humidity ∼50%), were found to retain 90% of their performance up to 1000 h.
The Impact of Abdominal Body Contouring Surgery on Physical Function After Massive Weight Loss: A Pilot Prospective Matched Comparison
Authors: Mardan-Dezfouli Sobhan , Reid Owen G , Fliss Matthew D , Stevenson Jordan , Harris David , Lyon Michael R , Koehle Michael S , Mitchell Cameron J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Many individuals develop excess skin (ES) following massive weight loss (MWL). Patient-reported outcomes demonstrate that abdominal ES negatively impacts perceived physical function which is improved by abdominal body contouring surgery (ABCS). However, the effect of ABCS on objective measures of physical function is unknown.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of ABCS on objective measures of physical function in individuals who have undergone MWL.

Methods
Patients who have undergone MWL with abdominal ES (grade, ≥2) underwent the following physical function assessments: 9-item modified physical performance test (mPPT), chair stand, star excursion balance test (SEBT), timed up and go (TUG), modified agility T test, and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). Perception of physical exertion and BODY-Q questionnaire scales were also collected. Nonsurgical controls (n = 21) and those who had undergone ABCS (n = 6) after the first visit performed a second physical function assessment 8 to 12 weeks later to allow for postoperative healing.

Results
No ceiling or floor effect was detected for any physical function measure. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.44, 0.91) for the mPPT and &gt;0.80 for all other measures. The effect sizes were 0.74 (75% CI, 0.19, 1.28) for the mPPT, 0.54 (75% CI, 0.00, 1.08) for the SEBT, –0.63 (75% CI, –1.17, –0.09) for the modified agility T test, and 0.79 (75% CI, 0.24, 0.13) for the 6-MWT.

Conclusions
The mPPT and tests involving dynamic balance, agility, and walking were reliable and showed medium to large effect sizes, suggesting that these tests may be sensitive to change following ABCS.

Level of Evidence: 2
The Underappreciated Role of the Platysma Muscle in the Perioral Expressions in Young Adults
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Ma Hengyuan , Song Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The platysma is involved in lower face movement, yet limited information on its functional role when making perioral expressions is available.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to use 3-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry to analyze platysma activity when making expressions.

Methods
Standardized frontal-view 3D images were obtained from 54 volunteers. Three perioral expressions were analyzed: a full smile, mouth corner depression, and a grimace to show the lower teeth. Positive volume change in the “heat map” of the neck skin surface—determined by the superimposed image subtraction technique—served as a sensitive indicator of platysma contraction.

Results
When making the 3 expressions, the proportions of platysma contraction were 42.6%, 75.9%, and 92.6%, respectively. The platysma worked as a more critical dynamic force than expected. In most smiles involving the platysma, its upper portion contracted. With the laterally downward traction on the lower lip increasing, the upper and lower portions of the platysma contracted together and formed muscular bands. The platysma contracted extensively in the other 2 expressions. In some cases, platysma bands were observed to form due to vigorous contraction of muscle fibers. In addition, the platysma was found to be highly functionally active in young individuals.

Conclusions
This study introduced a simple method that can sensitively identify the functional status of the platysma. The results showed the platysma’s highly active function in perioral expressions in young adults. These findings may assist surgeons in personalized decision-making toward platysma muscle-weakening strategies and work as an objective tool for outcome evaluation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Scoring personalized molecular portraits identify Systemic Lupus Erythematosus subtypes and predict individualized drug responses, symptomatology and disease progression
Authors: Toro-Domínguez Daniel , Martorell-Marugán Jordi , Martinez-Bueno Manuel , López-Domínguez Raúl , Carnero-Montoro Elena , Barturen Guillermo , Goldman Daniel , Petri Michelle , Carmona-Sáez Pedro , Alarcón-Riquelme Marta E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease that leads to significant worsening of quality of life and mortality. Flares appear unpredictably during the disease course and therapies used are often only partially effective. These challenges are mainly due to the molecular heterogeneity of the disease, and in this context, personalized medicine-based approaches offer major promise. With this work we intended to advance in that direction by developing MyPROSLE, an omic-based analytical workflow for measuring the molecular portrait of individual patients to support clinicians in their therapeutic decisions.

Methods
Immunological gene-modules were used to represent the transcriptome of the patients. A dysregulation score for each gene-module was calculated at the patient level based on averaged z-scores. Almost 6100 Lupus and 750 healthy samples were used to analyze the association among dysregulation scores, clinical manifestations, prognosis, flare and remission events and response to Tabalumab. Machine learning-based classification models were built to predict around 100 different clinical parameters based on personalized dysregulation scores.

Results
MyPROSLE allows to molecularly summarize patients in 206 gene-modules, clustered into nine main lupus signatures. The combination of these modules revealed highly differentiated pathological mechanisms. We found that the dysregulation of certain gene-modules is strongly associated with specific clinical manifestations, the occurrence of relapses or the presence of long-term remission and drug response. Therefore, MyPROSLE may be used to accurately predict these clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
MyPROSLE (https://myprosle.genyo.es) allows molecular characterization of individual Lupus patients and it extracts key molecular information to support more precise therapeutic decisions.
ExplorePipolin: reconstruction and annotation of piPolB-encoding bacterial mobile elements from draft genomes
Authors: Chuprikova L , Mateo-Cáceres V , de Toro M , Redrejo-Rodríguez M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationDetailed and accurate analysis of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bacteria is essential to deal with the current threat of multiresistant microbes. The overwhelming use of draft, contig-based genomes hinder the delineation of the genetic structure of these plastic and variable genomic stretches, as in the case of pipolins, a superfamily of MGEs that spans diverse integrative and plasmidic elements, characterized by the presence of a primer-independent DNA polymerase.ResultsExplorePipolin is a Python-based pipeline that screens for the presence of the element and performs its reconstruction and annotation. The pipeline can be used on virtually any genome from diverse organisms and of diverse quality, obtaining the highest-scored possible structure and reconstructed out of different contigs if necessary. Then, predicted pipolin boundaries and pipolin encoded genes are subsequently annotated using a custom database, returning the standard file formats suitable for comparative genomics of this mobile element.Availability and implementationAll code is available and can be accessed here: github.com/pipolinlab/ExplorePipolin.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Roles of intestinal Parabacteroides in human health and diseases
Authors: Cui Yanlong , Zhang Leshan , Wang Xin , Yi Yanglei , Shan Yuanyuan , Liu Bianfang , Zhou Yuan , Lü Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The stability of gut microbiota is essential for the host's health. Parabacteroides spp., core members of the human gut microbiota, have an average abundance of 1.27% in humans of 12 populations. Parabacteroides have recently been reported to have a close relationship with host health (e.g. metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and obesity). Parabacteroides have the physiological characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism and secreting short chain fatty acids. However, antimicrobial resistance of Parabacteroides to antibiotics (such as clindamycin, moxifloxacin and cefoxitin) should not be ignored. In this review, we primarily focus on Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Parabacteroides johnsonii and Parabacteroides merdae and discuss their relationships with host disease, diet and the prevention or induction of diseases. Pa. distasonis and Pa. goldsteinii may be viewed as potential next generation probiotic candidates due to their protective effects on inflammation and obesity in mice. We also discuss the potential therapeutic application of Parabacteroides spp. in maintaining host–intestine homeostasis.
Real-World Evidence Prediction of a Phase IV Oncology Trial: Comparative Degarelix vs Leuprolide Safety
Authors: Merola David , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Sreedhara Sushama K , Zabotka Luke E , Quinto Kenneth , Concato John , Wang Shirley V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Medical and regulatory communities are increasingly interested in the utility of real-world evidence (RWE) for answering questions pertaining to drug safety and effectiveness, but concerns about validity remain. A principled approach to conducting RWE studies may alleviate concerns and increase confidence in findings. This study sought to predict the findings from the PRONOUNCE trial using a principled approach to generating RWE.

Methods
This propensity score–matched observational cohort study used 3 claims databases to compare the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events among initiators of degarelix vs leuprolide. Patients were included if they had a history of prostate cancer and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients were excluded if they did not have continuous database enrollment in the year before treatment initiation, were exposed to androgen deprivation therapy or experienced an acute cardiovascular event within 30 days before treatment initiation, or had a history or risk factors of QT prolongation.

Results
There were 12 448 leuprolide and 1969 degarelix study-eligible patients before matching, with 1887 in each arm after propensity score matching. The results for major adverse cardiovascular events comparing degarelix with leuprolide in the observational analysis (hazard ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval = 0.94 to 1.93) was consistent with the subsequently released PRONOUNCE result (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval  = 0.59 to 2.79).

Conclusions
This study successfully predicted the result of a comparative cardiovascular safety trial in the oncology setting. Although the findings are encouraging, limitations of measuring cancer stage and tumor progression are representative of challenges in attempting to generalize whether claims-based RWE can be used as actionable evidence.
Practical guidelines of online MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Okamoto Hiroyuki , Igaki Hiroshi , Chiba Takahito , Shibuya Keiko , Sakasai Tatsuya , Jingu Keiichi , Inaba Koji , Kuroda Kagayaki , Aoki Shigeki , Tatsumi Daisaku , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Kadoya Noriyuki , Furuyama Yoshinobu , Kumazaki Yu , Tohyama Naoki , Tsuneda Masato , Nishioka Shie , Itami Jun , Onishi Hiroshi , Shigematsu Naoyuki , Uno Takashi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The first magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy system in Japan was installed in May 2017. Implementation of online MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) began in February 2018. Online MRgART offers greater treatment accuracy owing to the high soft-tissue contrast in MR-images (MRI), compared to that in X-ray imaging. The Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (JSMRM), Japan Society of Medical Physics (JSMP), Japan Radiological Society (JRS), Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT), and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology (JASTRO) jointly established the comprehensive practical guidelines for online MRgART. These guidelines propose the essential requirements for clinical implementation of online MRgART with respect to equipment, personnel, institutional environment, practice guidance, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC).
The minimum requirements for related equipment and QA/QC tools, recommendations for safe operation of MRI system, and the implementation system are described. The accuracy of monitor chamber and detector in dose measurements should be confirmed because of the presence of magnetic field. The ionization chamber should be MR-compatible. Non-MR-compatible devices should be used in an area that is not affected by the static magnetic field (outside the five Gauss line), and their operation should be checked to ensure that they do not affect the MR image quality. Dose verification should be performed using an independent dose verification system that has been confirmed to be reliable through commissioning. This guideline proposes the checklists to ensure the safety of online MRgART. Successful clinical implementation of online MRgART requires close collaboration between physician, radiological technologist, nurse, and medical physicist.
From farm to the city? Understanding the motives of entrepreneurial Javanese migration to an Indonesian outer island
Authors: Akhmad Fandi , Utomo Ariane , Dressler Wolfram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines the migration motives of entrepreneurial Javanese migrants residing in the regional town of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara—a relatively resource-poor province in Eastern Indonesia. These migrants had generally worked in agriculture in their hometowns in Java but have engaged in and/or set up informal businesses since their arrival in Kupang. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach (household survey [n = 344]; in-depth interviews [n = 28]) in 2020, we identified the diverse underlying motives of Javanese entrepreneurial migration to Kupang. Most Javanese respondents emphasised the importance of a combination of factors, including their low levels of education in Java, greater opportunities to improve their quality of life, and tolerant and welcoming locals in Kupang. Associated with these factors, others migrated to escape the difficulties of agricultural work and the need to earn more income to fund their children’s education now and in the future. Our article offers new insights into how changing social and economic conditions in rural Java are increasingly driving migration to the rapidly growing urban clusters in Indonesia’s outer islands, leading to changing urban form, economic trajectories, and social relations.
Patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis have an increased burden of thoracic aortic calcifications
Authors: Harlianto Netanja I , Westerink Jan , Hol Marjolein E , Wittenberg Rianne , Foppen Wouter , van der Veen Pieternella H , van Ginneken Bram , Verlaan Jorrit-Jan , de Jong Pim A , Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus A A ,   UCC-SMART Study Group, Asselbergs F W , Nathoe H M , de Borst G J , Bots M L , Geerlings M I , Emmelot M H , de Jong P A , Leiner T , Lely A T , van der Kaaij N P , Kappelle L J , Ruigrok Y M , Verhaar M C , Visseren F L J , Westerink J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives.
DISH has been associated with increased coronary artery calcifications and incident ischaemic stroke. The formation of bone along the spine may share pathways with calcium deposition in the aorta. We hypothesized that patients with DISH have increased vascular calcifications. Therefore we aimed to investigate the presence and extent of DISH in relation to thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) severity.

Methods.
This cross-sectional study included 4703 patients from the Second Manifestation of ARTerial disease cohort, consisting of patients with cardiovascular events or risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Chest radiographs were scored for DISH using the Resnick criteria. Different severities of TAC were scored arbitrarily from no TAC to mild, moderate or severe TAC. Using multivariate logistic regression, the associations between DISH and TAC were analysed with adjustments for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, smoking status, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol lowering drug usage, renal function and blood pressure.

Results.
A total of 442 patients (9.4%) had evidence of DISH and 1789 (38%) patients had TAC. The prevalence of DISH increased from 6.6% in the no TAC group to 10.8% in the mild, 14.3% in the moderate and 17.1% in the severe TAC group. After adjustments, DISH was significantly associated with the presence of TAC [odds ratio (OR) 1.46 [95% CI 1.17, 1.82)]. In multinomial analyses, DISH was associated with moderate TAC [OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.06, 1.93)] and severe TAC [OR 1.67 (95% CI 1.19, 2.36)].

Conclusions.
Subjects with DISH have increased TACs, providing further evidence that patients with DISH have an increased burden of vascular calcifications.
Corporate Capture of Blockchain Governance
Authors: Ferreira Daniel , Li Jin , Nikolowa Radoslawa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe develop a theory of blockchain governance. In our model, the proof-of-work system, the most common set of rules for validating transactions in blockchains, creates an industrial ecosystem with specialized suppliers of goods and services. We analyze the interactions between blockchain governance and the market structure of the industries in the blockchain ecosystem. We show that the proof-of-work system may lead to a situation in which some large firms in the blockchain industrial ecosystem—blockchain conglomerates—capture the governance of the blockchain.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.