bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of contrast-enhanced CT combined with PET/CT in diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Zheng Xiaomeng , Zhang Tianle , Dong Xi , Su Jian 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To investigate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced CT combined with PET/CT in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis (MLNM) of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods: A total of 120 patients with NSCLC combined with mediastinal lymphadenopathy hospitalized in our hospital were selected. All the patients received radical resection of lung cancer and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. After pathological diagnosis, they were divided into MLNM group (malignant group, undergoing contrast-enhanced CT) and non-MLNM group (benign group, receiving contrast-enhanced CT combined with PET-CT). The results were judged by two senior radiologists independently. The results of different scanning methods and postoperative pathology were compared using the t test, χ2 test and Pearson correlation coefficient test.
Results: Compared with the pathological results, contrast-enhanced CT diagnosed 31 cases, with a coincidence rate of 62%, and contrast-enhanced CT combined with PET-CT diagnosed 42 cases, with a coincidence rate of 84%, presenting a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02). Among the 120 patients with lung cancer, pathological examination confirmed MLNM in 50 patients and benign enlargement in 70 patients, contrast-enhanced CT alone detected metastasis in 40 patients and benign enlargement in 80 patients, and contrast-enhanced CT combined with PET-CT detected metastasis in 47 patients and benign enlargement in 73 patients. The sensitivity and accuracy of the latter were significantly higher than those of the former (sensitivity, P = 0.01; accuracy, P = 0.01). With the increase in the malignancy of lymph nodes, the degree of CT enhancement, the concentration of radioactive substances and SUV value increased, showing positive correlations.
Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced CT combined with PET/CT in the diagnosis of MLNM of NSCLC presents higher coincidence rate, sensitivity and accuracy. With the increase in tumor malignancy, the enhancement degree and radioactive substance concentration increase. The two methods are synergistic and complementary in diagnosing MLNM.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5528
How to cite this:Li X, Zheng X, Zhang T, Dong X, Su J. Clinical evaluation of contrast-enhanced CT combined with PET/CT in diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5528
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Does melatonin protect fetal brain during maternal hypothyroidism? An experimental study
Authors: Hidayat Mariyah , Saleemi Munir Akhtar 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To study the effects of melatonin in preventing neonatal neuronal apoptosis induced by maternal hypothyroidism.
Methods: Twelve healthy female Wistar rats, 12-16 weeks, were divided equally into three groups. Group-A was labelled as control. Group-B was made hypothyroid by giving 15mg/kg of propylthiouracyl (PTU) daily whereas Group-C was given PTU along with melatonin (10mg of melatonin/kg/day) in drinking water. After one week of treatment, the female rats were allowed to mate and conceive. The treatment of all groups continued throughout the period of pregnancy and lactation. After delivery, a total of 30 pups, 10 from each group, were labelled and sacrificed on 22nd day of life. The serum levels of TSH, T3 and T4 of the pups were measured. The brains were extracted from the skull and homogenized for isolation of mitochondria to determine the levels of cytochrome c oxidase and for isolation of RNAs to measure the levels of gene expressions of caspases 3, 9 and 8.
Results: Group-B pups showed a significant increase in serum levels of TSH (21 ± 3.7 mg/dl), and gene expression levels of caspase 3 (0.85±0.02) and 9 (0.69±0.02) where as in Group-C, there was visible reduction in concentration of TSH (15 ± 2.4 mg/dl), caspase 3 (0.50±0.02) and 9 (0.25±0.01) expressions. Increase in cytochrome c oxidase enzyme concentration (3.416 ± 0.001) in Group-B was the result of mitochondrial outer membrane rupture, causing decrease in the number of neurons by accelerating apoptosis. A decrease in its level in Group-C (2.100 ± 0.001) indicated inhibition of apoptosis.
Conclusion: Intake of melatonin during pregnancy and lactation protected the brains of offspring from extensive apoptosis during maternal hypothyroidism.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5536
How to cite this:Hidayat M, Saleemi MA. Does melatonin protect fetal brain during maternal hypothyroidism? An experimental study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5536
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
bebês, materialidade e objetos técnicos na primeira infância no brasil e na frança
Authors: Tebet Gabriela Guarnieri de campos , Caetano Sabrina De oliveira , Souza Lidiane Cristina loiola , Impedovo Maria Antonieta , Costa Julia 
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this work is to discuss the materiality of relationships and experiences of infants in early childhood education, based on a dialogue with the Brazilian curriculum guidelines for Early Childhood Education in 3 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, and with the concepts of technical objects and individuation developed by Simondon. This is a qualitative research that uses bibliographic and documentary research as a methodology and the production of cartographies of scenes in which relationships between babies and objects are observed. The cartography used here is inspired by the records developed by Fernand Deligny (2015) and its appropriation for research with babies, as proposed by Julia Oliveira (2016). Research was carried out on this topic in the field of education, going through scientific articles and guiding documents for early childhood education. The authors mapped the paths and affections of babies and their relationships with objects in two distinct scenes that were collected within the scope of a collective project. It is a work that contributes to early childhood education in general and, specifically, to baby studies (Infantology, Babyhood studies).
crianças, pandemia e escola: recomeçar é um ato político
Authors: De menezes Flávia Maria , Gil Marcia De oliveira gomes 
Published: April 2022

This article is an invitation to consider Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Question as a text that leads the reader to consider the possibilities offered by the post-Covid 19 resumption of daily school life with children as a political act. Based on a conversation that Freire had with Antônio Faundez in 1985, this text encourages researchers and educators to consider ways of returning to school life in ways that are welcoming, responsive and loving in the wake of the experience of “almost-exile” undergone during the covid-19 pandemic. It becomes necessary to think school life again from where the children truly are, restarting in full awareness of the adventures, the pains, the losses they have undergone, encouraging them to ask the questions that the pandemic experience has produced them, and to recognize the new forms of consciousness it has inaugurated. This paper explores the implications of the ideas found in the Freire-Faundez dialogue for this moment of reconstruction.
Dilemas corporais: a situação carcerária de mulheres transexuais no Estado de Sergipe - Brasil
Authors: Britto Fernanda Lacerda Chagas , Espinoza Fran , Carvalho Grasielle Borges Vieira de 
Published: April 2022

ResumoAo pesquisar o contexto carcerário, percebemos que o valores sociais de discriminação são reflexo da sociedade fora das grades. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a situação carcerária de mulheres transexuais e travestis, com o intuito de entender o porquê de elas preferirem manter-se em prisões masculinas ainda quando existe determinação legal para que possam ser transferidas para as penitenciárias femininas. Com esse intento, apresenta-se uma pesquisa qualitativa a fim de descrever o fenômeno, utilizando-se como método o estudo de caso, no qual se inicia com uma revisão conceitual, abrangendo a literatura clássica e atual, no que se refere a identidade de gênero, transgeneridade e cárcere. Ainda, utiliza-se de fontes secundárias como o levantamento de dados do Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos e análise do pedido de transferência feito pelo Ministério Público de Sergipe através de ação civil pública. Ao final do estudo, observa-se que a ala LGBT, instituídas nos presídios masculinos, revela-se como uma medida válida para efetivação e proteção dos direitos dessas mulheres.Palavras-chave: Mulheres transexuais. Travestis. Cárcere. Invisibilidade. Transgeneridade. AbstractWhen researching the prison context, we realized that the social values of discrimination are a reflection of society outside the prisons. This article aims to analyze the prison situation of transsexual and transvestite women, in order to understand the possible reasons why they still prefer to remain in male prisons, when there is a legal determination that they can be transferred to female penitentiaries. With this intent, a qualitative research is presented in order to describe the phenomenon, using the case study as a method, which begins with a conceptual review, covering the classic and current literature, regarding the identity of gender, transgender and imprisonment. Still, it uses secondary sources such as data collection from the Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights and analysis of the transfer request made by the Public Ministry of Sergipe through public civil action. At the end of the study, it is observed that the LGBTQIA+ wing, established in male prisons, reveals itself as a valid measure for the realization and protection of these women's rights.Keywords: Transgender women. Transvestites. Prison. Invisibility. Transgender.
"Nada sobre nós sem nós": movimentos sociais e a ruptura do paradigma moderno de deficiência
Authors: Fracaro Beatriz , Maliska Marcos Augusto 
Published: April 2022

ResumoO presente artigo objetiva analisar a relevância e influência dos movimentos sociais, a nível nacional e internacional, na consolidação do modelo social, que opera uma ruptura na definição tipicamente moderna de deficiência. Para tanto, enfatizou-se o processo de transição do modelo médico de integração ao modelo social de inclusão no Brasil. Desenvolvida através do método dedutivo e procedimento bibliográfico, a pesquisa permitiu concluir que a participação social das pessoas com deficiência na Constituinte, bem como na elaboração da Convenção da ONU sobre Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência, contribuiu de maneira expressiva para os progressos no tratamento inclusivo dessas pessoas, sobretudo pela abertura da Constituição Federal de 1988 ao pluralismo e pela positivação do paradigma social na Convenção, internalizada no ordenamento jurídico pátrio com status constitucional. Entretanto, faz-se a ressalva de que a inclusão plena ainda não é uma realidade, e que sua concretização requer o empreendimento de esforços mútuos entre a Sociedade e o Estado.Palavras-chave: Modelo médico e social. Direitos humanos e fundamentais. Movimentos sociais. Pessoas com deficiência. Abertura constitucional. AbstractThe objective of this article is to analyze the relevance and influence of social movements, at national and international levels, in the consolidation of the social model, which operates a break in the typically modern definition of disability. For this, the transition process from the medical model of integration to the social model of inclusion in Brazil was emphasized. Developed through the deductive method and bibliographic procedure, the research allowed the conclusion that the social participation of people with disabilities in the Constituent, as well as in the elaboration of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, contributed in an expressive way to the progress in the inclusive treatment of these people, especially by the opening of the Federal Constitution of 1988 to pluralism and by the positivation of the social paradigm in the Convention, internalized in the country's legal system with constitutional status. However, it is noted that full inclusion is not yet a reality, and that its implementation requires the undertaking of mutual efforts between society and the State.Keywords: Medical and social model. Human and fundamental rights. Social movements. People with disabilities. Constitutional pluralism.
Diversity report of freshwater gastropods in Buton Island, Indonesia
Authors: Purnama Muhammad Fajar , Sirza La Ode Muhammad Junaidin , Sari Sri Fatma , Salwiyah Salwiyah , Haslianti Haslianti , Abdullah Abdullah , Suwarjoyowirayatno Suwarjoyowirayatno , Findra ‪Muhammad Nur , Nurhikma Nurhikma , Agriansyah Ahdiat , Hidayat Herlan , Syukur Syukur , Anwar Khoirul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Purnama MF, Sirza LOMJ, Sari SF, Salwiyah, Haslianti, Abdullah, Suwarjoyowirayatno, Findra MN, Nurhikma, Agriansyah A, Hidayat H, Syukur, Anwar K. 2022. Diversity report of freshwater gastropods in Buton Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1938-1949. This study was located in Buton Island consisted of 5 administrative districts/cities (Baubau City, Buton District, South Buton District, Muna District and North Buton District) and was conducted for 1 year (August 2019-August 2020). The output is to reveal the potential richness of the biodiversity of freshwater gastropods as a first step to optimize the utilization of freshwater gastropod resources in the Buton Islands. Determination of sampling location for gastropods was carried out by purposive sampling method and the selection of gastropod samples using simple random sampling method at a predetermined location based on the presence of gastropods. Gastropod samples (epifauna/infauna) were collected manually without special fishing gear with gloves, paralone pipes (3.5 inches), and filter (1 mm). The gastropods found in Buton Island consist of 18 genera and 40 species. Freshwater gastropods spread over 8 families, namely Cyclophoridae, Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae and Thiaridae. Among the species, there are several invasive alien species (IAS) such as Tarebia granifera, Melanoides tuberculata and Achatina fulica. These three species always dominate the habitat space where they are found. Most gastropod communities in 5 districts/cities live in fast-flowing rivers with rock, gravel and sand substrates. Only a few of them are found in artificial inland waters such as rice fields, embankments, dams and drainage. This study became a first step to optimize the utilization of gastropod resources and sustainable management, especially related to the conservation of native species from the threat of IAS.
Assessment of insects diversity with the influence of industrial pollutants in agricultural zones of District Sialkot, Pakistan
Authors: ASGHAR AYESHA , QADEER OMEMA , MUSHTAQ SAJIDA , MAALIK SADIA , MAJEED WAQAR , BANO NAHEED , NARGIS SHAHLA 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Asghar A, Qadeer O, Mushtaq S, Maalik S, Majeed W, Bano N, Nargis S. 2022. Assessment of insects diversity with the influence of industrial pollutants in agricultural zones of District Sialkot, Pakistan. Biodiversitas 23: 2047-2053. Insects are the most important creatures on earth due to their multifunctional role in the environment by providing different services such as biological indicators, decomposers, pollinators, scavengers, pests, and predators agroecosystem. However, with time due to anthropogenic activities such as environmental pollution, industrial waste, and the use of effluents for agriculture, insect fauna has been facing a dramatic threat to their diversity, particularly in most polluted areas. The present study was designed to find insects diversity variation under polluted environments (heavy metals) in agriculture fields having brassica and Rice crops. Two different sites, the tannery and non-tannery areas were selected to sample insects. The total number of insects found in tannery area fields were 2195 and 3753 from the non-tannery area. The abundance of Melanoplus bivittatus (Say, 1825) was highest in the non-tannery area, and Acrida exaltata (Walker, 1859) was highest in tannery area fields. From the tannery area and non-tannery area, the maximum abundance of 32% and 37% were found for order orthoptera. The cadmium concentration in tannery rice crops was 0.626 ppm, and brassica concentration was 0.315 ppm. The cadmium concentration in non-tannery area samples was 0.115 ppm for rice and 0.101 ppm for brassica plants, while 0.1231 ppm for rice and 0.104 ppm for brassica insects. The lead concentration in tannery areas of rice crops was 0.637 ppm, and brassica concentration was 0.672 ppm. The lead concentration in non-tannery area samples was 0.324 ppm for rice and 0.267 ppm for brassica plants, while 0.214 ppm for rice and 0.266 ppm for brassica insects. The diversity and richness were recorded at 3.11 and 3.525 for rice and 3.124 and 3.913 for brassica fields. The species maximum was seen in the non-tannery area, and less abundance was recorded in the tannery area. It is further suggested that preventive measures should be taken to protect insect diversity from balancing nature's ecological balance.
Infection intensity-dependent accuracy of reagent strip for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium and estimation of treatment prevalence thresholds
Authors: Grolimund Carla M. , Bärenbold Oliver , Hatz Christoph F. , Vennervald Birgitte J. , Mayombana Charles , Mshinda Hassan , Utzinger Jürg , Vounatsou Penelope 
Published: April 2022

Background
Reagent strip to detect microhematuria as a proxy for Schistosoma haematobium infections has been considered an alternative to urine filtration for individual diagnosis and community-based estimates of treatment needs for preventive chemotherapy. However, the diagnostic accuracy of reagent strip needs further investigation, particularly at low infection intensity levels.

Methods
We used existing data from a study conducted in Tanzania that employed urine filtration and reagent strip testing for S. haematobium in two villages, including a baseline and six follow-up surveys after praziquantel treatment representing a wide range of infection prevalence. We developed a Bayesian model linking individual S. haematobium egg count data based on urine filtration to reagent strip binary test results available on multiple days and estimated the relation between infection intensity and sensitivity of reagent strip. Furthermore, we simulated data from 3,000 hypothetical populations with varying mean infection intensity to infer on the relation between prevalence observed by urine filtration and the interpretation of reagent strip readings.

Principal findings
Reagent strip showed excellent sensitivity even for single measurement reaching 100% at around 15 eggs of S. haematobium per 10 ml of urine when traces on reagent strip were considered positive. The corresponding specificity was 97%. When traces were considered negative, the diagnostic accuracy of the reagent strip was equivalent to urine filtration data obtained on a single day. A 10% and 50% urine filtration prevalence based on a single day sampling corresponds to 11.2% and 48.6% prevalence by reagent strip, respectively, when traces were considered negative, and 17.6% and 57.7%, respectively, when traces were considered positive.

Conclusions/Significance
Trace results should be included in reagent strip readings when high sensitivity is required, but excluded when high specificity is needed. The observed prevalence of reagent strip results, when traces are considered negative, is a good proxy for prevalence estimates of S. haematobium infection by urine filtration on a single day.
território-região afrocolombiano
Authors: Bonfá Neto Dorival 
Published: April 2022

O litoral do Pacífico Colombiano, conhecido também como Chocó biogeográfico, é uma região historicamente ocupada por comunidades afrocolombianas que se formaram desde o século XVI e mantiveram seus modos de vida tradicionais através da prática da agricultura, pesca e extrativismo. Ao longo do século XX a região foi alvo de alguns processos de intervenções por parte do governo colombiano com a tentativa de integrar a região, isolada do resto do país, através de ações permeadas pelo discurso de desenvolvimento. Muitas dessas ações causaram conflitos socioambientais e territoriais com as comunidades negras e indígenas lá estabelecidas. Frente a esses processos, houve uma resistência das comunidades que passaram a reivindicar seus territórios, culminando na promulgação da Lei 70 de 1993, que titulou as terras baldias para uso e posse dos Conselhos Comunitários Afrocolombianos. Dessa forma, objetivamos analisar esse processo de formação do território afrocolombiano e discutir como ele foi colocado em disputa, culminando na criação da Lei 70 em 1993 que trouxe a titulação coletiva do território.
Palavras-chave: Chocó. Afrocolombianos. Território. Territorialidade.
Influence of the magnetic field on the formation of protostellar disks
Authors: Kargaltseva Natalya S. , Khaibrakhmanov Sergey A. , Dudorov Alexander E. , Zamozdra Sergey N. , Zhilkin Andrey G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We numerically model the collapse of magnetic rotating protostellar clouds with mass of 10

M

⊙

{M}_{\odot }

. The simulations are carried out with the help of 2D MHD code Enlil. The structure of the cloud at the isothermal stage of the collapse is investigated for the cases of weak, moderate, and strong initial magnetic field. Simulations reveal the universal hierarchical structure of collapsing protostellar clouds, consisting of the flattened envelope with the qausi-magnetostatc disk inside and the first core in its center. The size of the primary disk increases with the initial magnetic energy of the cloud. The magnetic braking efficiently transports the angular momentum from the primary disk into the envelope in the case, when the initial magnetic energy of the cloud is more than 20% of its gravitational energy. The intensity of the outflows launched from the region near the boundary of the first core increases with initial magnetic energy. The “dead” zone with small ionization fraction,

x
<
1

0

−
11

x\lt 1{0}^{-11}

, forms inside the first hydrostatic core and at the base of the outflow. Ohmic dissipation and ambipolar diffusion determine conditions for further formation of the protostellar disk in this region.
SOX4 promotes high-glucose-induced inflammation and angiogenesis of retinal endothelial cells by activating NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Haifeng , Gu Quan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of main microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and an important factor that causes blindness in adults. SOX4 is a transcription factor expressed in the pancreas and is essential for normal endocrine pancreatic development. However, the effect and the regulatory mechanism of SOX4 on DR have not been reported. In the present study, upregulation of SOX4 was found in DM patients, particularly in DR patients and mice models. The in vitro experiments showed that SOX4 depletion increased the viability and inhibited the inflammation level of human retinal endothelial cells (HRCECs) induced by high glucose. Besides, SOX4 knockdown inhibited the migration and angiogenesis of HRCECs upon high glucose treatment. Mechanically, depletion of SOX4 inhibited the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, SOX4 could serve as a promising target for DR treatment.