bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Exceptionalism about Logic and the Burden of Explanation
Authors: Martin Ben 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsiderable attention recently has been paid to anti-exceptionalism about logic (AEL), the thesis that logic is more similar to the sciences in important respects than traditionally thought. One of AEL’s prominent claims is that logic’s methodology is similar to that of the recognised sciences, with part of this proposal being that logics provide explanations in some sense. However, insufficient attention has been given to what this proposal amounts to, and the challenges that arise in providing an account of explanations in logic. This paper clarifies these challenges, and shows how the practice-based approach is best placed to meet them.
Balancing fraud analytics with legal requirements: Governance practices and trade-offs in public administrations
Authors: Simonofski Anthony , Tombal Thomas , De Terwangne Cécile , Willem Pauline , Frenay Benoît , Janssen Marijn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fraud analytics refers to the use of advanced analytics (data mining, big data analysis, or artificial intelligence) to detect fraud. While fraud analytics offers the promise of more efficiency in fighting fraud, it also raises legal challenges related to data protection and administrative law. These legal requirements are well documented but the concrete way in which public administrations have integrated them remains unexplored. Due to the complexity of the techniques applied, it is crucial to understand the current state of practice and the accompanying challenges to develop appropriate governance mechanisms. The use of advanced analytics in organizations without appropriate organizational change can lead to ethical challenges and privacy issues. The goal of this article is to examine how these legal requirements are addressed in public administrations and to identify the challenges that emerge in doing so. For this, we examined two case studies related to fraud analytics from the Belgian Federal administration: the detection of tax frauds and social security infringements. This article details 15 governance practices that have been used in administrations. Furthermore, it highlights the complexity of integrating legal requirements with advanced analytics by identifying six key trade-offs between fraud analytics opportunities and legal requirements.
Social Determinants and Indicators of COVID-19 Among Marginalized Communities: A Scientific Review and Call to Action for Pandemic Response and Recovery
Authors: Brakefield Whitney S. , Olusanya Olufunto A. , White Brianna , Shaban-Nejad Arash 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed massive socio-psychological, health, and economic burdens including deaths on countless lives; however, it has disproportionally impacted certain populations. Co-occurring Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) disparities and other underlying determinants have exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic. This literature review sought to (1) examine literature focused on SDoH and COVID-19 outcomes ie, infectivity, hospitalization, and death rates among marginalized communities; and (2) identify SDoH disparities associated with COVID-19 outcomes. We searched electronic databases for studies published from October 2019 to October 2021. Studies that were selected were those intersecting SDoH indicators and COVID-19 outcomes and were conducted in the United States. Our review underscored the disproportionate vulnerabilities and adverse outcomes from COVID-19 that have impacted racial/ethnic minority communities and other disadvantaged groups (ie, senior citizens, and displaced/homeless individuals). COVID-19 outcomes were associated with SDoH indicators, ie, race/ethnicity, poverty, median income level, housing density, housing insecurity, health-care access, occupation, transportation/commuting patterns, education, air quality, food insecurity, old age, etc. Our review concluded with recommendations and a call to action to integrate SDoH indicators along with relevant health data when implementing intelligent solutions and intervention strategies to pandemic response/recovery among vulnerable populations.
How to Navigate the Tricky Landscape of Sustainability Claims in the Food Sector
Authors: Arayess Sarah , de Boer Alie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsumers are increasingly interested in the sustainability of food products, but so far, no specific European Union (EU) legislation has been developed to harmonise sustainability claims. We analyse which efforts already undertaken within the EU dealing with sustainability claims on products apply to sustainable food claims. We show that whilst sustainability can address three different dimensions (environmental, social and economic), it is crucial to clearly define sustainability in order to allow for the development of concrete regulations and guidance documents. EU legislative initiatives so far seem to be focused on environmental aspects, whilst Member States approach sustainability more broadly. At the same time, substantiation methods can only be successful when sustainability is well defined. We conclude that whilst there is a large range of initiatives taken at different levels, the foundation of these initiatives remains weak when there is no clear scope of terminology nor clarification of substantiation requirements. Currently existing self-regulatory initiatives could support protecting consumers from misleading claims by providing specific provisions for (food) business operators on how to make sustainability claims. Only when claims can be trusted and understood by consumers will they be able to make more sustainable purchase decisions. This plays an important role in the overall policy objective of the EU of climate neutrality by 2050.
Presidential Powers in Postcolonial Africa Deserve Historical Attention
Authors: Angelo Anaïs 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAfrican presidential powers fascinate: they have not only been extensively studied by political scientists, but they have also inspired novelists and filmmakers as much as they continue to attract the attention of journalists. Historians, however, have for a long time been rather disinterested in the issue. And yet, a question remains: upon independence, why did almost all African states adopt a presidential system of rule? This article reflects on the methodology and new questions a historical approach entails for the study of presidential powers in African postcolonial states. This article argues for the need to trace the origins of presidential powers, to depart from narratives of colonial legacies and exaggerated archetypes of African presidents, and to open new avenues for the conceptualization of both the decolonization process and the formation of postcolonial states in Africa.
Daoist Ecofeminism as a New Democracy: An Analysis of Patriarchy in Contemporary China and a Tentative Solution
Authors: Liu Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pain caused by the patriarchal totalitarianism of different modern political regimes is felt by everyone in our time: poverty, unemployment, high exploitation of both nature and humans, systematic oppression, persecution and domination, and pollution that threatens human existence. This article analyzes the different forms of patriarchy in contemporary China and explores a feminist way out. The first part examines how modern patriarchy unfolds itself through the land-enclosure movement that has caused serious pollution in China. I will show that the patriarchal process of development is a double exploitation of both nature and humans. The second part turns to the patriarchy in traditional Chinese philosophies and explores possible dangers in Confucian feminism. In the last part I try to posit as a solution Daoist ecofeminism as a new democracy, wherein the feminist ontology and the freedom of all beings will be explored.
Carnivorous reptile feeding strategies and postmortem food-processing behaviors: tooth traces on bones from the Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation (southern Poland)
Authors: Sadlok Grzegorz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarnivores make traces on bones with their teeth when feeding. A true predatory bite trace (predichnia) forms when a predator catches and kills its prey or attempts to do so. Both predators and scavengers may leave their nonpredatory feeding traces during postmortem food processing. Despite the interpretative uncertainties as to the ethology such ichnofossils may represent, the bite traces have been traditionally classified as predichnia—traces of predation. Previously, there was no alternative ethological category available for workers to classify them. The present paper fills that gap and describes tooth-made ichnofossils from the continental Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation of southern Poland. It discusses modes the serration and striations might have formed along Linichnus edges, potential makers of the trace fossils, feeding strategies, and food-processing behaviors the ichnites may represent. All the bite traces are thought to act as a record of carnivorous behaviors and are classified as sarcophagichnia, a new ethological category (traces of feeding on a body). Finally, all the studied bite traces were likely inflicted postmortem and are classified as necrophagichnia (traces of feeding on an already dead body), most likely produced by scavengers in the studied cases. Data on recent carnivores link these ichnites with postmortem food-processing behaviors, such as dismembering and defleshing. Scavenging could, in fact, have been a preferred carnivorous feeding strategy in the seasonal Norian climate of the area. Dry seasons could have perhaps increased vertebrate mortality rates and provided plenty of carcasses for carnivores to feed on.
Belief in territorial indivisibility and public preferences for dispute resolution
Authors: Fang Songying , Li Xiaojun , Tago Atsushi , Chiba Daina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how individuals may develop more or less strong beliefs in the indivisibility of a disputed territory and how such beliefs may influence their policy preferences toward resolving the dispute. Using a survey experiment in Japan, we find that historical ownership strengthens respondents’ beliefs in territorial indivisibility. Furthermore, those who hold the strongest belief in territorial indivisibility are much less likely to support bilateral negotiation and more likely to support contentious policies, including but not limited to military actions. Finally, we explore external validity of the findings by analyzing respondents who had a real dispute in mind during the survey with China, South Korea, and Russia, respectively.
Parental imprinting effects on growth traits and Kleiber ratio in sheep
Authors: Ghafouri-Kesbi F. , Mokhtari M. , Gholizadeh M. , Amiri Roudbar M. , Abbasi M. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe goal was to study imprinting effects on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six months weight (W6), pre- and post-weaning growth rate (GRa and GRb), and pre- and post-weaning Kleiber ratio (KRa and KRb) in Baluchi and Makuie sheep breeds. Analyses were done in a two steps process. In the first step, each trait was analysed with a series of 12 univariate animal models, including different combinations of direct and maternal effects and the best model was selected by the AIC criterion. In the second step, three new models were fitted by adding either maternal imprinting effect, paternal imprinting effect, or both of them, respectively, to the best model already selected in the first step, and changes in AIC were monitored. (Co)variances between traits were estimated using bivariate analyses. In Baluchi sheep, for BW, WW and W6, estimates of maternal imprinting heritability (${\boldsymbol h}_{{\boldsymbol mi}}^2$) were 0.12 ± 0.02, 0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.01, respectively. In Makuie sheep, paternal imprinting heritability (${\boldsymbol h}_{{\boldsymbol pi}}^2$) for BW, WW, W6, GRb and KRb were 0.17 ± 0.05, 0.8 ± 0.05, 0.38 ± 0.10, 0.71 ± 0.15 and 0.65 ± 0.13, respectively. In Baluchi sheep, strong maternal imprinting correlations were observed between BW and WW (0.93 ± 0.05), BW and W6 (0.80 ± 0.07) and WW and W6 (0.91 ± 0.02). In Makuie sheep, paternal imprinting correlations ranged from −0.97 ± 0.33 (BW-GRb) to 0.99 ± 0.47 (GRb-KRb). It was concluded that imprinting effects need to be included in the statistical model to increase the accuracy of genetic evaluation. However, to have accurate and reliable estimates of imprinting effects, the availability of large data sets and deep pedigrees are necessary.
Prevalence and factors associated with Anaemia in Married Women of Reproductive age group: Evidence from North East India
Authors: Mog Mithun , Neogi Debasis , Bharadwaz Mrinmoy Pratim , Panda Basant Kumar , Sil Apyapee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of anaemia and its continuous growth, especially among women, is a global health concern. The present study aims to examine the prevalence of anaemia and its determinants in the North Eastern region of India. The study used secondary data from the National Family Health Survey 2015-2016 on women of reproductive age group in India. The data were adjusted for sampling weight, stratification and cluster sampling design for analysis. Binary logistic regression and multivariable regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with anaemia. Of the 65941 participants, 25993 (40%) had anaemia. High prevalence of mild or moderate anaemia was found among women with following socio-demographic characteristics: residing in the rural area (41.20%), having no education (43.07%), belonging to the low-income family (43.39%), having a well as source of drinking water (46.29%), using the traditional method of contraception (44.55%), underweight (42.18%) and those who had first delivery before 20 years of age (40.66%). Logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio) showed that women in the following categories were more likely to develop anaemia: in the age-group of 35-49 years, with no education, with poor wealth, having low nutrition levels; using traditional contraception and women who ate pulses or fish once a week. Alarming rates of anaemia (two in every five), found in the study, need effective strategies for fortification of iron supplement among women. Generation of mass awareness in this regard by utilizing the ongoing adolescent, maternal, child health and nutrition programmes will help in reducing the incidence of anaemia among women.
Dictatorships, Coffee and Bananas: The Political Economy of Sovereign Debt in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, 1871−1911
Authors: Weller Leonardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCosta Rica suspended payments on its London debt in 1901, at the beginning of a democratisation process and during a crisis in the world coffee market. Meanwhile, autocratic Nicaragua, also a coffee exporter, continued paying its foreign creditors. This article assesses the causes of these distinct outcomes, which are at odds with the influential hypothesis that democracy makes for better borrowers. Strongly represented in Congress, Costa Rica's coffee elite pushed for the end of a tax on coffee as the legislative became more powerful. The executive had used that revenue to service the debt, which went on default as a consequence. Politics were radically different in Nicaragua: coffee growers were weaker and President Zelaya ruled without legislative tutelage. Hence, his government could raise a similar tax to honour the sovereign debt. With a clean record, the dictator borrowed abroad to build a modern army, the backbone of his autocratic regime.
Copepods of the off-shore waters of Caribbean Colombian Sea and their response to oceanographic regulators
Authors: Dorado-Roncancio Edgar Fernando , Medellín-Mora Johanna , Mancera-Pineda José Ernesto , Pizarro-Koch Matías 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeven oceanographic expeditions were conducted between the years 2013 and 2018 to determine the horizontal and vertical distribution schemes in the epipelagic and mesopelagic copepod community structure of the Caribbean Oceanic ecoregion (CAO) and the oceanographic variables that regulate it. Four indicator species are suggested for the North Equatorial Current and the Caribbean Surface Water (CSW) mass (Clausocalanus furcatus,Oncaea venusta,Temora styliferaandT. turbinate) and two indicator species for deep-water masses such as the Western North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) and the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) (Mormonilla phasmaandConaea rapax). The copepod assemblage responds to local oceanographic patterns that are regulated (24%) by the variability of dissolved oxygen and temperature in the water column. The horizontal structure of the copepod assemblage in offshore waters presented a spatial sectorization. Three zones were differentiated: (1) oceanic Colombian zone; (2) influence of the Magdalena River zone; and (3) offshore north-east zone. Water mass mixing processes and migration mechanisms favour the homogeneity of the vertical assemblage of copepods in the CAO ecoregion. This study provides relevant information on the structure and density of copepod species, providing key information to describe the ecological processes and the different responses to the oceanographic factors that modulate them.
“You and me against the world”: Direct-inverse morphology in Rma (Qiang)
Authors: Sims Nathaniel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this short paper is to examine the morphological categories of direction and direct-inverse marking in Northwestern Rma/Qiang (< Trans-Himalayan/Sino-Tibetan). Based on evidence from published sources (LaPolla and Huang 2003; H. Sūn 1981; Liú 1998, 1999; Sun and Evans 2013), it is argued that the verbal systems of some northern varieties are more characteristic of hierarchical alignment than previously recognized.
A longitudinal investigation of the effects of language instruction versus immersion on cognitive functions in young adult Chinese speakers learning English
Authors: Xia Lihua , Bak Thomas H. , Vega-Mendoza Mariana , Sorace Antonella 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current study examined cognitive effects of two pathways of second language (L2) acquisition longitudinally in Chinese speakers learning English in an L2-dominant environment. Thirty-nine participants who attended an intensive 10-week English course (L2-instruction group) were compared to 38 participants who attended regular university courses taught in English (L2-immersion group). Four repeated assessments were conducted over 10 weeks: precourse (baseline) and postcourse assessments, and two interim assessments every 3 weeks. Both groups matched on background variables (e.g., intelligence) and showed comparable cognitive performance in all measures at the baseline. The longitudinal results showed a similar improvement in both groups for most cognitive measures, such as visual and auditory inhibition. The only significant group difference was observed in the auditory inhibition test, where the L2-instruction group outperformed the L2-immersion group. Taken together, our results suggest a specific effect of language experience and an overall effect of linguistic context on cognitive functions.
The expansion of olive groves is reducing habitat suitability for the Great Bustard Otis tarda and the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax in Southern Spain: could Important Bird Areas (IBAs) reduce this expansion?
Authors: GUERRERO-CASADO JOSÉ , RIVAS CARLOS A. , TORTOSA FRANCISCO S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOlive groves in the Mediterranean basin have undergone a tremendous increase during the last two decades, with most of the new olive groves being planted on arable land. This conversion may affect habitat suitability for steppe birds, which are associated with arable land and other open-land habitats, such as natural pastures. In this work, we evaluate the presence of new olive groves in the distribution of the Great Bustard Otis tarda and the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax in Southern Spain (the largest olive oil production zone in the world), and we compare the percentage of different land uses in 2000 and 2018 using data provided by the Corine Land Cover. From 2000 to 2018, new olive groves occupied 2.14 and 2.61% of the distribution areas of the Great Bustard and the Little Bustard, respectively. The decrease in arable land and the increase in permanent crops were the main drivers of the landscape composition changes during the study period. The fragmentation index of arable land was higher in 2018 than 2000. These changes in the landscape suggest a decrease in habitat availability and suitability for steppe birds that could affect the distribution and abundance of their populations. Moreover, there were no differences in the proportion of new olive groves planted inside and outside the limits of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) from 2000 to 2018, which were created to protect these steppe birds, thus suggesting that the management policy of the IBAs should be reviewed to prevent harmful land-use changes.
An improved congenital heart assessment tool: a quality improvement outcome
Authors: Gaskin Kerry L. , Smith Liz , Wray Jo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:CHD was the most prevalent congenital anomaly (60.9 per 10,000, 95% CI 59.0–62.8) in England in 2018, with 1767 babies born with severe cardiac defects. The 30-day survival rates for complex procedures continue to improve; however despite care advances, the early post-operative period and first year of life remain a critical time for these infants. The Congenital Heart Assessment Tool was developed to support parental decision-making, standardise care provision, improve communication, and the safety and quality of care.Aim:To further evaluate the Congenital Heart Assessment Tool.Design:A four centre collaborative mixed-methods quality improvement project funded by The Health Foundation, involving eight phases conducted during 2016–2018. Phases six to eight (clinical simulation exercise, parent workshop, and updated tool) are reported in this paper.Results:Four themes emerged from the clinical simulation exercise (phase six) including: improving documentation; preparation of parents; preparation of health care professionals; and communication. One main theme emerged from the parent workshop (phase seven): “what parents know versus what professionals know [about CHD]”.Conclusion:These phases further validated the effectiveness of the CHATm in terms of triggering amber and red indicators and demonstrated parents’ ability to identify deterioration in their infant’s clinical condition. Recommendations arising from the quality improvement project enabled the project team to create an updated version of the Congenital Heart Assessment Tool, CHAT2.