bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and molecular characterization of a tomato brown rugose fruit virus mutant breaking the tobamovirus resistance found in wild Solanum species
Authors: Jewehan Ahmad , Kiemo Francis W. , Salem Nida , Tóth Zoltán , Salamon Pál , Szabó Zoltán 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new tobamovirus named tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) overcomes the effect of the Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 resistance genes introgressed from wild Solanum species into cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a spontaneous mutant of ToBRFV that breaks resistance in an unknown genetic background, demonstrated recently in Solanum habrochaites and Solanum peruvianum. The wild isolate ToBRFV-Tom2-Jo and the mutant ToBRFV-Tom2M-Jo were fully sequenced and compared to each other and to other ToBRFV sequences available in the NCBI GenBank database. Sequence analysis revealed five nucleotide substitutions in the ToBRFV-Tom2M-Jo genome compared to ToBRFV-Tom2-Jo. Two substitutions were located in the movement protein (MP) gene and resulted in amino acid changes in the 30-kDa MP (Phe22 → Asn and Tyr82 → Lys). These substitutions were not present in any of the previously described ToBRFV isolates. No amino acid changes were found in the 126-kDa and 183-kDa replicase proteins or the 17.5-kDa coat protein. Our data strongly suggest that breaking the newly discovered resistance in wild tomatoes is associated with one or two mutations on the MP gene of ToBRFV.
Domestication effects on social information transfer in chickens
Authors: Rutkauskaite Austeja , Jensen Per 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRed junglefowl (RJF), ancestor of all domesticated chickens, is a highly social, omnivorous bird species, presumably with a capacity for social information sharing. During domestication, birds have been selected to live in large, dynamic groups, and this may have affected their social cognition. Here, we studied social information transfer in female RJF and domesticated White Leghorn (WL) chickens. Individuals were trained to open a puzzle-box feeder by pecking a lid and we then recorded the behaviour towards the same puzzle-box feeder for birds that had either observed the trained individual (“guided”) or saw the puzzle-box feeder for the first time (“naïve”). WL were considerably faster in approaching the feeder regardless of prior demonstration and pecked more at it. Both breeds were significantly faster to approach the puzzle-box feeder and pecked more after prior demonstration, but the effects were significantly stronger in WL. We conclude that both RJF and WL can utilize social information to address a novel problem, but during domestication this ability appears to have increased. The effects can be an effect of either social learning or stimulus enhancement. Some caution in this conclusion is necessary since we tested relatively few WL. Furthermore, possible confounding explanations include higher fearfulness in RJF and different effects of dominance interactions between demonstrators and observers.
Mapping agricultural vulnerability to impacts of climate events of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Faisal , Jacobs Brent , Cordell Dana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPakistan has an agriculture-dependent economy vulnerable to climate impacts. Within Pakistan, Punjab province is a leading regional producer of food and cash crops, and an exporter of agricultural commodities of significance in South Asia. Punjab agriculture provides livelihoods for agriculture-dependent communities living in one of the most populous countries of the world and these will be disrupted under incremental climate changes (e.g. rising temperatures) and the impacts of extreme climate events (such as droughts and floods). Climate impact assessments and mapping are widely accepted initial approaches to address climate change as they have the potential to facilitate bottom-up adaptation. However, to date, policy responses in Pakistan have tended to be top-down, driven by national adaptation planning processes. This paper assesses agricultural vulnerability to impacts of climate events at the district scale for Punjab province by developing maps of the individual components of vulnerability, i.e. exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. An indicator-based approach using a composite index method was adopted for the assessment. The mapping separated and categorised districts in Punjab based on their vulnerability to climate change and revealed spatial patterns and factors influencing district-level vulnerability. These geospatial variations in vulnerability illustrate the need for a nuanced policy on adaptation that recognises the importance of local biophysical and socio-economic context to build adaptive capacity for vulnerable regions rather than the current concentration on broad-scale top-down action embedded in National Adaptation Plans.
A proposal for future data organization in enterprise systems—an analysis of established database approaches
Authors: Bender Benedict , Bertheau Clementine , Körppen Tim , Lauppe Hannah , Gronau Norbert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe digital transformation sets new requirements to all classes of enterprise systems in companies. ERP systems in particular, which represent the dominant class of enterprise systems, are struggling to meet the new requirements at all levels of the architecture. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider the overall architecture of the systems and address the root of the related issues. Given that many restrictions ERP pose on their adaptability are related to the standardization of data, the database layer of ERP systems is addressed. Since database serve as the foundation for data storage and retrieval, they limit the flexibility of enterprise systems and the chance to adapt to new requirements accordingly. So far, relational databases are widely used. Using a systematic literature approach, recent requirements for ERP systems were identified. Prominent database approaches were assessed against the 23 requirements identified. The results reveal the strengths and weaknesses of recent database approaches. To this end, the results highlight the demand to combine multiple database approaches to fulfill recent business requirements. From a conceptual point of view, this paper supports the idea of federated databases which are interoperable to fulfill future requirements and support business operation. This research forms the basis for renewal of the current generation of ERP systems and proposes to ERP vendors to use different database concepts in the future.
Factors associated with the implementation of health-promoting telework from the perspective of company decision makers after the first COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Lang Gert , Hofer-Fischanger Kathrin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim
Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies shifted to telework, with few insights into its implementation, organisational conditions or the role of workplace health promotion and management. This study focused on a multifactorial investigation of conditions in companies which implemented and evaluated telework during the first lockdown in 2020 as well as on their future intentions to facilitate teleworking under health-promoting working conditions.

Subject and methods
The research hypotheses relate to an extended technology acceptance model. In a mixed-methods design, expert interviews were fed into the development of an online questionnaire. Out of 1858 contacted companies representing a broad range of Austrian businesses, 192 responses (general management, workplace health managers, etc.) were analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistics.

Results
The degree of implementation and claim to teleworking increased significantly during the first lockdown and did not return to pre-pandemic levels afterwards. Changes depended on preparation and experience: evaluation of teleworking and willingness to continue offering teleworking were conditional on preparation and the degree of implementation. Prerequisites for future intentions to implement health-promoting teleworking included readiness, general willingness and existing workplace health promotion/management structures.

Conclusion
This paper demonstrates the potential of health-promoting organisational cultures for development processes – particularly in times of crisis. Anchoring health-focused structures in companies helps to create health-promoting frameworks. Health-promoting teleworking can be developed from workplace health promotion/management using established approaches. It is essential to build on in-house capacities and competencies to develop awareness for a holistic culture for health-promoting (tele)work and to encourage deliberations about potential measures.
Alignment of values and political orientations amplifies climate change attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Smith E. Keith , Hempel Lynn M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change presents an immediate threat, necessitating a rapid shift in climate change relevant behaviors and public policies. A robust literature has identified a number of individual-level determinants of climate change attitudes and behaviors. In particular, political orientations and self-transcendent values are amongst the most consistent and substantive predictors. But, political orientations and individual values do not operate in isolation of each other, and rather are deeply related constructs. Accordingly, this analysis focuses on identifying the direct and interactive effects of political orientations and human values on climate change attitudes and behaviors. Adopting cross-national data from 16 Western European states (2016 ESS), we find that when in alignment, the effect of human values on climate change concern and policy support is amplified by political orientations. The moderating effect of political orientations is most substantive for self-transcendence (positive) and conservation (negative) values.
Forced governmentality: from technology to techne
Authors: Collier William George Andrew , Whitehead Mark 
Published: May 2022

Abstract‘Success replaces legitimacy’ (Foucault, 2004). This assertion serves as the premise for this paper, exploring corporations that accept responsibility—or are being forced to take responsibility—for certain public issues because they are successful and, therefore, are seen as legitimate actors in the defence of individual rights in the digital age. Specifically, this paper extends the theoretical utility of applying a Foucauldian perspective of governmentality to the corporation, as set out in Collier and Whitehead’s (2021) Corporate Governmentality: Building the Empirical and Theoretical Case. In particular we seek to extend one of the Collier and Whitehead’s proposed typologies: forced governmentality. Using the Foucauldian analytical language of governmentality, it is possible to illuminate aspects of corporate governmental ambition that were previously unavailable through the current discourses. The crux of the issue consists of modern technologies that create governmental problems but are governed by the companies that created them. Consequently, the private sector actors that contribute to the creation technological problems are being forced to manage related action spaces. Using Facebook as a case study, this paper identifies the characteristics of forced governmentality through a critical reading of Mark Zuckerberg’s Blueprint for Content Governance and Enforcement.
Extremal $$K_4$$-minor-free graphs without short cycles
Authors: Barát János 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe determine the maximum number of edges in a $$K_4$$

K
4

-minor-free n-vertex graph of girth g, when $$g=5$$

g
=
5

or g is even. We argue that there are many different n-vertex extremal graphs if n is even and g is odd.
Imitation learning based decision-making for autonomous vehicle control at traffic roundabouts
Authors: Wang Weichao , Jiang Lei , Lin Shiran , Fang Hui , Meng Qinggang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe essential of developing an advanced driving assistance system is to learn human-like decisions to enhance driving safety. When controlling a vehicle, joining roundabouts smoothly and timely is a challenging task even for human drivers. In this paper, we propose a novel imitation learning based decision making framework to provide recommendations to join roundabouts. Our proposed approach takes observations from a monocular camera mounted on vehicle as input and use deep policy networks to provide decisions when is the best timing to enter a roundabout. The domain expert guided learning framework can not only improve the decision-making but also speed up the convergence of the deep policy networks. We evaluate the proposed framework by comparing with state-of-the-art supervised learning methods, including conventional supervised learning methods, such as SVM and kNN, and deep learning based methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the imitation learning-based decision making framework, which ourperforms supervised learning methods, can be applied in driving assistance system to facilitate better decision-making when approaching roundabouts.
Ramsey’s conditionals
Authors: Günther Mario , Sisti Caterina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a unified account of conditionals inspired by Frank Ramsey. Most contemporary philosophers agree that Ramsey’s account applies to indicative conditionals only. We observe against this orthodoxy that his account covers subjunctive conditionals as well—including counterfactuals. In light of this observation, we argue that Ramsey’s account of conditionals resembles Robert Stalnaker’s possible worlds semantics supplemented by a model of belief. The resemblance suggests to reinterpret the notion of conditional degree of belief in order to overcome a tension in Ramsey’s account. The result of the reinterpretation is a tenable account of conditionals that covers indicative and subjunctive as well as qualitative and probabilistic conditionals.
Dormant and active emotional states
Authors: Stout Rowland 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the metaphysics of emotion. It defends the claim that all emotional states, whether dormant or active, are dispositional, arguing against the prevailing view that dispositional emotional states are dispositions to go into actual emotional states. A clear distinction may be made between first-order and second-order emotional dispositions, where second-order emotional dispositions are dispositions of emotional sensitivity and first-order emotional dispositions are the emotional states themselves. Active emotional states are treated as dispositional emotional states in the process of being manifested, not as different states altogether. Describing active states as occurrent states is misleading as it suggests an exclusive distinction between active/occurrent and dispositional, which is what is being questioned. The idea that dispositional states have no subjectivity is challenged, as is the argument that being flooded with a feeling as a result of an encounter with a frightening or aggravating situation cannot be the manifestation of a disposition.
What Works to Increase Charitable Donations? A Meta-Review with Meta-Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saeri Alexander K. , Slattery Peter , Lee Joannie , Houlden Thomas , Farr Neil , Gelber Romy L. , Stone Jake , Huuskes Lee , Timmons Shane , Windle Kai , Spajic Luke , Freeman Luke , Moss David , Behar Jon , Schubert Stefan , Grundy Emily A. C. , Zorker Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany charities rely on donations to support their work addressing some of the world’s most pressing problems. We conducted a meta-review to determine what interventions work to increase charitable donations. We found 21 systematic reviews incorporating 1339 primary studies and over 2,139,938 participants. Our meta-meta-analysis estimated the average effect of an intervention on charitable donation size and incidence: r = 0.08 (95% CI [0.03, 0.12]). Due to limitations in the included systematic reviews, we are not certain this estimate reflects the true overall effect size. The most robust evidence found suggests charities could increase donations by (1) emphasising individual beneficiaries, (2) increasing the visibility of donations, (3) describing the impact of the donation, and (4) enacting or promoting tax-deductibility of the charity. We make recommendations for improving primary research and reviews about charitable donations, and how to apply the meta-review findings to increase charitable donations.
What beliefs about writing guide EFL curricula? An analysis of relevant policy documents for teaching English at German secondary schools
Authors: Peltzer Katrin , Siekmann Lea , Parr Judy Margaret , Busse Vera 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough curricular analyses are of crucial importance for curricular development, documents for teaching writing in English as a foreign language [EFL] in Germany have not yet received much attention. Our study explores what beliefs about writing guide educational policy documents for teaching EFL in Germany. Using Ivanič’s (2004) discourses of writing [DoW] as a theoretical lens, we conduct a curricular analysis of 11 curricula for lower secondary school (Year 9/10) and their guiding superordinate documents. Our data suggest that none of the documents offers a comprehensive conceptualization of writing. The skills and the genre discourses are predominant; the process, the creativity, and the social practices discourses receive little attention, while the sociopolitical discourse of writing is missing. Differences in discourse frequency in curricula among school types and federal states may hinder transitions between educational tracks. The relative neglect of the procedural character of writing and the lack of acknowledgment of the social dimension of learning to write further suggest a misalignment between curricula and current research into (foreign language) writing pedagogy. This may be particularly detrimental for less proficient or socially disadvantaged learners. Implications for curricular development are outlined, suggesting that a more comprehensive approach to writing that covers all six DoW is important. In particular, we highlight the potential of process-oriented writing and also refer to the need to address digital literacy in writing.
The Learner’s Perspective Study Methodology: a legacy for future researchers
Authors: Williams Gaye 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDavid Clarke’s research has shifted the focus of classroom research in mathematics education from study of cultural patterns to study of patterns of participation and the learning that can result in highly complex social environments. His Complementary Accounts Methodology which informed the Learner’s Perspective Study design included multi-source data collection generated through the latest technological advances at that time. That research design enriched the author’s doctoral research which was situated within the Learner’s Perspective Study. One intention of this paper is to highlight ways in which Clarke’s methodology added to the richness of the study Williams undertook, in particular, the flexibility of Clarke’s methodology in enabling adaptation to support a theoretical framework that included but extended beyond social theories of learning. In doing so, this paper draws attention to an aspect of Clarke’s methodological legacy, the potential for his Complementary Accounts Methodology to contribute to support of researchers employing diverse theoretical frameworks.
Transition Needs Compassion: a Thematic Analysis of an Online Compassion-Focused Therapy Group in a Gender Service
Authors: Pipkin Alastair , Smith Aimee , Shearn Christina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Transgender and gender non-conforming people may face elevated rates of shame and self-criticism in light of minority stress. Compassion-focused therapy has a growing evidence base in addressing trans-diagnostic processes in mental health difficulties, including shame and self-criticism. The objective of the present study was to explore the experience of an initial pilot compassion-focused therapy group delivered online in a Gender Service during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Six transgender people completed a semi-structured interview after attending an 8-week compassion-focused therapy group in a national Gender Service. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the data.

Results
Four themes were identified from the data: Transition Needs Compassion; Acceptability of the Compassion-Focused Approach; Being in a group with other transgender people; and Online delivery works despite its challenges. Participants reported that the compassion-focused framework was an appropriate and helpful way of understanding their experiences of stigma and that both the content and process of the group had benefitted them. Being with other transgender people raised some anxieties, such as comparisons or fear of offending, but also enabled seeing the self in more positive and accepting ways. While online delivery had some challenges, participants largely felt it was an effective mode of delivery, aided by the experiential nature of the group.

Conclusions
Compassion-focused therapy seems to be a feasible and acceptable approach for transgender and gender non-conforming people. Group processes may be helpful in increasing self-acceptance. Further quantitative exploration of therapy process and outcomes is warranted.
Three-dimensional (3D) liver cell models - a tool for bridging the gap between animal studies and clinical trials when screening liver accumulation and toxicity of nanobiomaterials
Authors: Tutty Melissa Anne , Movia Dania , Prina-Mello Adriele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the exciting properties and wide-reaching applications of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) in human health and medicine, their translation from bench to bedside is slow, with a predominant issue being liver accumulation and toxicity following systemic administration. In vitro 2D cell-based assays and in vivo testing are the most popular and widely used methods for assessing liver toxicity at pre-clinical stages; however, these fall short in predicting toxicity for NBMs. Focusing on in vitro and in vivo assessment, the accurate prediction of human-specific hepatotoxicity is still a significant challenge to researchers. This review describes the relationship between NBMs and the liver, and the methods for assessing toxicity, focusing on the limitations they bring in the assessment of NBM hepatotoxicity as one of the reasons defining the poor translation for NBMs. We will then present some of the most recent advances towards the development of more biologically relevant in vitro liver methods based on tissue-mimetic 3D cell models and how these could facilitate the translation of NBMs going forward. Finally, we also discuss the low public acceptance and limited uptake of tissue-mimetic 3D models in pre-clinical assessment, despite the demonstrated technical and ethical advantages associated with them.Graphical abstract3D culture models for use as in vitro alternatives to traditional methods and conventional in vivo animal testing for testing liver accumulation and toxicity of nanobiomaterials