bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Periphyseal Stress Injuries of the Fingers in Adolescent Climbers: A Critical Review
Authors: Jones Gareth , Johnson Rowena , Schöffl Volker , Schöffl Isabelle , Lutter Chris , Johnson Mark I. , Halsey Tim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The worldwide rise in popularity of climbing and development of climbing as a competitive sport is reflected by its debut at the 2021 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo. Digital primary periphyseal stress injuries in adolescent climbers may pose a significant risk to long-term skeletal health. The aim of this article is to critically review research on the diagnosis and management of primary periphyseal stress injuries of the fingers in adolescent climbers. We adopted a systematic approach to searching for relevant literature. Articles were identified after searches of the following electronic databases: Discover, Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect. Conclusive evidence suggests digital primary periphyseal stress injuries are a consequence of repetitive microtrauma. Pain reported by adolescent climbers on the dorsal aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint should be investigated promptly to avoid serious negative consequences. Clinicians should be aware of the efficacy of imaging techniques to inform a clinical diagnosis. A conservative management approach is preferred but in rare cases surgical intervention may be necessary. A diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for digital primary periphyseal stress injuries is presented.
Neural Drive Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Is Associated with Neuromuscular Fatigability and Fatigue
Authors: CHATRENET ANTOINE , PICCOLI GIORGINA , ANTHIERENS AGATHE , TORREGGIANI MASSIMO , AUDEBRAND JEAN MICHEL , MOREL BAPTISTE , BEAUNE BRUNO , DURAND SYLVAIN 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high degree of fatigue relating to neuromuscular symptoms. There is a lack of evidence regarding the etiology of neuromuscular fatigability in elderly CKD patients.

Methods
Inclusion criteria are as follows: age ≥60 yr, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <45 mL·min−1 per 1.73 m2 in CKD patients, and GFR >60 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2 in controls. The fatigability protocol consisted in a submaximal handgrip task at 40% peak force. Fatigue was assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory–20 items (MFI-20) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue questionnaires. Peak rate of force development (RFDpeak, normalized: NRFDpeak) and rate of EMG rise (RER) were measured during explosive contractions; peak force and mean surface EMG were measured during maximum voluntary contractions. Multilevel models tested neuromuscular parameters adjusted for clinical and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory–20 items subscales. Neuromuscular fatigability contribution to fatigue description was tested using model comparison.

Results
The study included 102 participants; 45 CKD patients and 57 controls. CKD mainly affected the mental and the reduced motivation subscales of fatigue. CKD was associated with greater neuromuscular fatigability assessed using NRFDpeak (group–time interaction, −16.7 % MVF·s−1, P = 0.024), which increased with fatigue severity (P = 0.018) and with a higher rate of decrement in RER compared with controls (RER at 50 ms: β = −121.2 μV·s−1, P = 0.016, and β = −48.5 μV·s−1, P = 0.196, respectively). Furthermore, these patients show an association between the reduced motivation subscale and the RER (e.g., 30 ms: β = −59.8% EMGpeak·s−1, P < 0.001). Only peak force fatigability contributed to fatigue variance, whereas RFDpeak did not.

Conclusions
In CKD patients, the neuromuscular fatigability assessed using RFDpeak is related to an impairment in motor-unit recruitment or discharge rates, whereas only peak force fatigability was related to fatigue. This suggests that targeting exercise interventions might lessen fatigue and improve quality of life in CKD patients.
DETECTION OF CREDIT CARD FRAUDS WITH MACHINE LEARNING SOLUTIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Authors: Mabani Courage , Tuskov Andrey A. , Shchanina Elizaveta V. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose – propose an experimental way to create ML solutions to the problem of detecting credit card fraud.
Method or methodology of the work: the article uses machine learning (ML) and data mining methods
Results: the paper showed that machine learning (ML) and data mining techniques are effective in improving fraud detection accuracy. The study proposes an experimental way to create ML solutions to the problem aimed at minimizing financial losses by monitoring the client’s behavior when using credit cards. The model is tested on a publicly available dataset available to the research community in terms of detection accuracy.
The sphere of application of the results: in practice, it is advisable to use the results when planning effective strategies for detecting fraud in credit cards.
Liquidity Windfalls and Reallocation: Evidence from Farming and Fracking
Authors: Thakor Richard T. 
Published: December 2022

Financing frictions may create a misallocation of assets in a market, thus depressing output, productivity, and asset values. This paper empirically explores how liquidity shocks generate a reallocation that diminishes this misallocation. Using a unique data set of agricultural outcomes, I explore how farmers respond to a relaxation of financial constraints through a liquidity shock unrelated to farming fundamentals, namely exogenous cash inflows caused by an expansion of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) leases. Farmers experiencing positive cash flow shocks increase their land purchases, which results in a reallocation effect. Examining purchases across areas, I find that farmers in high-productivity areas who receive cash flow shocks buy farmland in low-productivity areas, but farmers in low-productivity areas receiving positive cash flow shocks do not. Moreover, farmers increase their purchases of vacant (undeveloped) land. Average output, productivity, equipment investment, and profits all increase significantly following these positive cash flow shocks. Farmland prices also rise significantly, consistent with a cash-in-the-market pricing effect. These effects are consistent with an efficient reallocation of land toward more productive users. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Kritzman and Gorman Research Fund Grant. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4602 .
La violencia institucional en las sanciones disciplinarias a reclusas
Authors: Alonso Merino Alicia 
Published: December 2022

El estudio en profundidad de las sanciones disciplinarias, a través de entrevistas realizadas a reclusas, revela la existencia de una serie de violencias institucionales que se producen o que son causas del régimen de control. Para las mujeres y disidencias privadas de libertad, la prisión además es un continuum de las violencias de género vividas extramuros. De tal manera que algunas manifestaciones de la violencia institucional se intersecan con violencias propias de otros sistemas de dominación como en el caso del patriarcado, reforzando el rol de sumisión que para ellas representa la prisión.
Palabras Claves: Cárceles, violencia institucional, sanciones disciplinarias, presas, violencia de género
Medical and psychological consequences of rape among survivors during armed conflicts in northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Tenaw Lebeza Alemu , Aragie Mulugeta Wodaje , Ayele Alemu Degu , Kokeb Tsion , Yimer Nigus Bililign 
Published: December 2022

Background
Rape is the most common act of violence against women during wartime which is considered interpersonal, social and political violence because survivors usually suffer from stigma and discrimination in the community. Sexual violence is a serious threat to women’s health. The psychological and medical consequences of rape during the conflict period are not well documented. Therefore, this study investigated the psychological and medical consequences of rape among survivor in the northern Ethiopia conflict, which occurred since 2020–2022.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional survey supplemented with a qualitative data was conducted among survivors of rape recorded until June 2022. Health institutions that provide maternal and child health services in the study area were included. All rape victims who received medical care following the incident were included. Victims who were found in active war areas or rape care recorded before wartime were excluded. To understand the experience of raped women’s psychological consequences related to sexual assault we conducted 23 in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to conduct qualitative interpretation.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 31.66 (SD ± 20.95) years. One-third of 92(33.9%) of the survivors were diagnosed positive for sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydia 54(58.4%) and HIV 32(34.8%) were the most frequently diagnosed infections. Among the rape survivors, one-tenth 29(10.7%) of them were positive for pregnancy, and induced abortion was done for 13 (44.8%) women who got pregnant due to sexual assault. The armed groups not only have sexual interests but inhumane individuals and consider rape as their way of expressing abjection to civilians. Survivors of raped women are confronted with social rejection and exclusion in the community that aggravates the traumatic process. Because of shame and fear, rape survivors often do not seek help but have to be offered support proactively. The victims claimed that they didn’t able to return to their previous life and considered their future in peril.

Conclusion
Conflict has a multidimensional devastating life effect, especially on women’s health. The victims experienced many physical and psychological consequences. Hence, resolving conflicts with peaceful discussion has numerous benefits for civilians.
Factors associated with reluctancy to acquire COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study in Shiraz, Iran, 2022
Authors: Maharlouei Najmeh , Hosseinpour Parisa , Erfani Amirhossein , Shahriarirad Reza , Raeisi Shahrakie Hadi , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran 
Published: December 2022

Background
Vaccination is a crucial action that can end the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce its detrimental effect on public health. Despite the availability of various vaccines, this study was conducted to better understand the factors behind individuals refusing to get vaccinated.

Method
The current cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals above 18 years of age in Shiraz, Iran, who were eligible but refused to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Demographic features and factors related to their hesitancy and willingness to participate in the vaccination program were recorded in a questionnaire.

Result
Out of 801 participants in the current study, 427 (53.3%) were men, with a mean age of 37.92 years (± 14.16). The findings revealed that 350 (43.7%) participants claimed the side effects of the vaccine outweigh the benefits as one reason for their reluctance toward COVID-19 vaccination, followed by the unknown efficacy of vaccines (40.4%) and a lack of trust in vaccine companies (32.8%). Ensuring the safety of the vaccine (43.7%) and verifying its effectiveness (34.5%) were the most prevalent factors behind participating in the vaccination program. Those who reported their socio-economic status as low were significantly reluctant toward vaccination because of a self-presumption of high immunity (p-value < 0.001), the unclear efficacy of vaccines (p-value < 0.001), the side effects outweighing the benefits of vaccines (p-value < 0.001), distrust of vaccine companies (p-value < 0.001), usage of mask, gloves, and sanitizers (p-value < 0.001), contradictory speech of health authorities regarding vaccines (p-value = 0.041), and the unavailability of trusted vaccines (p-value = 0.002). It should also be noted that participants reported a greater likelihood to obtain information about vaccination reluctance from family and friends (p-value <0.001) and complementary medicine professionals (p-value <0.001).

Conclusion
Avoiding vaccination is an undeniable public and individual health concern in Iran, as demonstrated in the current study. Concern about vaccine efficacy and side effects is the most reported cause of vaccination reluctance among individuals, which could be altered by emphasizing mass education and averting an infodemic by forming dedicated multidisciplinary organizations.
UMA VISÃO GEOGRÁFICA EM "O FIEL E A PEDRA" DE OSMAN LINS
Authors: Olanda Diva Aparecida Machado , Almeida Maria Geralda de 
Published: December 2022

Este artigo propõe um exercício de aproximação entre a Geografia e a Literatura. O objetivo
é desvelar a Literatura como fonte de conhecimentos geográficos a partir da interpretação
das paisagens culturais reveladas no espaço romanesco de O Fiel e a Pedra. As categorias
Paisagem Cultural e Representação fundamentam-se na Geografia Cultural. Neste artigo, a
Literatura é vista como uma representação da realidade e a paisagem Cultural como signo
das interações do homem com o meio. Representação é um modo de compreensão e comunicação
do que já sabemos. Nesse sentido, o romance em quadro é a representação e a experiência do
"ser" pernambucano materializado na linguagem literária. O procedimento metodológico
utilizado foi a leitura e a interpretação das representações the cultural landscape manifestas
no texto.
Terrain Specific Real Time Pixelated Camouflage Texture Generation & its Impact Assessment
Authors: Choudhary Sachi , Sharma Rashmi 
Published: December 2022

“Camouflage” is a natural or nature identical phenomenon where the sensory route of vision is delayed toavoid visual detection. Reducing detection capability and hiding in the background environment is critical for Army vehicles, equipment, and soldiers. This research aims to implement a process that will generate digital camouflage patterns specific to the terrain. The adapted digital pattern helps an object blend symmetrically into the background environment. Pixelated textures combine macro and micro designs that blend with ambient shrubs, trees, branches, and shadows. The technique presented in this paper consists of the following main modules: terrain classification model, pixelated camouflage texture generation, and texture evaluation. Experiments have been conducted to detect camouflage objects in the scene to evaluate the performance of the resultant camouflage texture generated for a natural environment. Photo simulation and saliency maps for hidden object detection have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of generated textures for a given terrain
Microbial diversity of milk ghee in southern Gansu and its effect on the formation of ghee flavor compounds
Authors: Liu Zewen , Li Huixia , Gao Dandan , Su Junhong , Su Yuxin , Ma Zhongren , Li Zhiqiang , Qi Yanjiao , Ding Gongtao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ghee is a traditional Tibetan dairy product with high-fat content, low yield, plasticity, caseation, and rich nutrition. In this study, we analyzed the diversity of microbial communities in yak milk and ghee samples at high and low altitudes, especially the Lactobacillus genus, and further used metabolomic techniques to compare the differences in metabolites in yak ghee at different altitudes. The results showed that the increase in altitude had a significant and generally inhibitory effect on the microbial community diversity in milk ghee, and yak milk at high altitude was abundant in nutrients, which could antagonize the negative impact of increased altitude. Using non-targeted metabolomics, we infer the composition of flavor compounds in ghee: nine kinds of carboxylic acids, 11 kinds of esters, six kinds of ketones, two kinds of alcohols, and four kinds of alkene compounds, among which the key flavor compounds are dl-2-(acetylamino)-3-phenylephrine acid, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, sebacic acid, Lysope 18:1, and uracil 1-beta-d-arabinofuranoside. These flavor substances are found in Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus. With the participation of Lactobacillus, it is synthesized through biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine, and nicotine acid and glyoxylate and decarboxylate metabolism, among which Lactococcus plays a key role. In this study, a variety of lactic acid bacteria related to ghee fermentation were screened out, revealing the composition of volatile flavor compounds in Gannan yak milk ghee in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and providing a reference for further key volatile flavor compounds and the formation mechanism of flavor compounds.
Enhanced dual-DOF PI-PD control of integrating-type chemical processes
Authors: Das Dipjyoti , Chakraborty Sudipta , Raja G. Lloyds 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A dual-degree of freedom (dual-DOF) propor-tional-integral proportional-derivative (PI-PD) controller is developed for integrating-type chemical processes with delay. The interior-loop PD controller is designed based on user-defined gain and phase margin. For designing the external-loop PI controller, the moment-matching method is augmented with maximum sensitivity specifications. The suggested design is suitable for chemical processes like continuously stirred tank reactors, boiler steam drums, heat exchangers and distillation columns. Using benchmark models of the aforementioned processes, the closed-loop system outputs and control signals are compared to vindicate the primacy of the suggested dual-DOF PI-PD controller. To study the performance-robustness trade-off of this design, rigorous perturbation analysis is also carried out. The performance improvement achieved by the suggested dual-DOF PI-PD controller is also quantitatively compared with contemporary works.
Dispersion compensation analysis of 5.12 Tbps CSRZ based long-haul DWDM system
Authors: Ghera Jaswinder Singh , Sharma Vikrant 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For this research article, we have completed the comparative performance analysis of 128 × 40 Gbps DWDM long-haul system for the ultra-transmission capacity of 5.12 Tbps using CSRZ modulation format under the impact of Kerr’s nonlinearities with symmetrical, post and pre dispersion compensation techniques. The BER, Q-factor values and eye-diagrams are considered as performance metrics for the different power levels ranging from −4 to 8 dBm and various transmission distances with the increment of 2400 km. We have used Gaussian filters (GFs) before multiplexing and after de-multiplexing for ensuring channel separation to evade the inter-symbol interference and cross-talk. The graphical performance analysis of the proposed system has also been made with the above mentioned compensation techniques at 4, 6 and 8 dBm input powers using DCF at 50 GHz frequency spacing for the optimization of the used format. It is observed that overall, symmetrical compensation gave better-quality performance at all the power levels in comparison to pre and post schemes. Due to narrow optical spectrum of CSRZ format, the proposed system has shown consistency, resilience and toughness against the bottlenecks appeared as dispersion and nonlinearities. It has supported the transmission distance of 19,200 km at 6 dBm optimum power for symmetrical compensation with BER of 8.65E-13 against Q-factor value of 7.00 as compared to pre compensation for 14,400 km at BER of 2.28E-13 with Q-factor of 7.18 whereas post compensation technique have shown a transmission distance of 16,800 km at 8 dBm optimum launched power with BER of 1.63E-12 and Q-factor value of 6.92.
A simple but accurate technique for prediction of confinement and normalized group delay parameters for propagation of first higher order mode in graded index fiber
Authors: Chattopadhyay Anindita , Majumdar Angshuman , Gangopadhyay Sankar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with expressions for simple but precise analyses of fractional modal power (FMP) inside the core of optical fibers, the excitation efficiency and the normalized group delay (NGD) for the first higher order (LP11) mode in step and parabolic index fibers both with and without Kerr type non linearity. To get the analytical results, we have employed simple power series Chebyshev expansion for the LP11 mode of the above mentioned fibers. At first, the analytical expression for linear case is found out and then by applying the method of iteration the propagation parameters are estimated when there is nonlinearity of the Kerr type. Here, some typical step and parabolic profile fibers have been used for our investigation. Our findings of confinement and group delay parameters perfectly match with the precise numerical findings made by the intricate finite element method (FEM). This implies the precision of our formalism. The study of nonlinear optical transmission systems will benefit from the findings.
Commitment, Concessions and Compromise. Experiences of building support for and addressing resistance to sexuality education from Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo Emmanuel , Essiet Abiodun Omowunmi , Plesons Marina , Watson Katherine Kat , Chandra-Mouli Venkatraman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite the international, regional and national commitments to sexuality education and the evidence of its effectiveness, progress on national implementation of sexuality education has been slow for a variety of reasons. The obstacles to comprehensive sexuality education are well documented and commonly experienced, yet the knowledge base of successful strategies to deal with resistance remain limited. This study evaluated Nigeria’s experience in creating an enabling environment for and addressing backlash to the Family Life and HIV Education (FLHE) programme; the findings reveal that FLHE supporters used both proactive and reactive strategies, whilst also making concessions and compromises to ensure the acceptance of the programme in various states of the country. These practical examples from Nigeria may inspire other countries in the planning, implementation and scale-up phases of their own CSE programmes, especially in settings where socio-cultural barriers pose challenges.
Análisis de la presión plantar durante la carrera en el sitio en diferentes superficies
Authors: García-Arroyo J. , Pacheco-da-Costa S. , Molina-Rueda F. , Alguacil-Diego I.M. 
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar en 36 corredores aficionados, la fuerza y las presiones del pie sobre tres superficies comúnmente empleadas para el entrenamiento de la carrera en el sitio (césped artificial, suelo técnico de caucho y trampolín plano). Los valores de fuerza y presión se registraron mediante plantillas instrumentadas (Gebiomized® Munster, Germany). Se obtuvieron los siguientes parámetros: Fuerza máxima (N) y picos de presión (N/cm2) en 6 zonas específicas del pie.

Según los resultados, la fuerza máxima ejercida por el pie dominante en césped artificial (657 N) y en suelo técnico de caucho (692,5 N) fue significativamente superior al registrado sobre el trampolín (262 N). Respecto a la presión, la mayor parte de la presión ejercida por el pie en superficies duras (césped artificial y suelo técnico de caucho), se observó en las cabezas de los metatarsianos, mientras que en el trampolín la presión se repartió entre estas y el calcáneo.