bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytophagous gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of Dagestan: fauna, biology and distribution
Authors: Fedotova Z. A. , Nakhibasheva G. M. , Mukhtarova G. M. , Gasangadzhieva A. G. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. Based on original and bibliographic data, to compile a review of the fauna of gall midges in Dagestan, Russia, including information about host plants, gall formation, life cycles and distribution.Materials and Methods. The basis for the work were materials collected in the flat and mountainous parts of Dagestan. Standard methods were used: inspection of the plants, search and mass collection of galls and damage to plants in which larvae develop; rearing imago; making permanent preparations of larvae and adults.Results. For the first time, an overview of the gall midges of Dagestan is offered. 67 species of gall midges of 41 genera were identified, of which 39 species are new to Dagestan, including 13 species new to the Caucasus: Asphondylia hornigi Wachtl, 1880, A. menthae Kieffer, 1902, A. salviaflorae Fedotova, 2003, Lasioptera eryngii (Vallot, 1829), Rosomyia spiraeae Fedotova, 1987, Dracunculomyia saissanica Fedotova, 1999, Dasineura plicatrix (Loew, 1850), D. sisymbrii (Schrank, 1803), D. trifolii (Löw, 1874), D. tamaricicarpa Fedotova, 1983, Asiodiplosis hodukini Marikovskij, 1965, A. petrosimoniae (Fedotova, 1994), Seriphidomyia butakovi Fedotova, 2000. Of these the last 4 are new to Russia. Phytophage gall midges (64 species of 36 genera) were found on plants belonging to 23 families, 46 genera and 56 species. Of the 36 genera of gall midges, 28 (77.8%) are plant‐specific to plant families, including 9 out of 28 (32.1%) monotypic. The fauna is based on the Western Palearctic and Turanian species.Conclusion. A preliminary review of gall midges in Dagestan in comparison with data on adjacent territories, indicates a very poor study of gall midges in general. Identification of the species diversity and trophic relationships of gall midges which develop on adventitious, invasive and economically important plants of the Caucasus is relevant both for protected natural areas and recreational areas.
The effect of pH on embryonal and larval development of the Caucasian Brown Frog, <i>Rana macrocnemis</i>
Authors: Gamidova J. M. , Rabadanova A. I. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. To study the effect of different pH values on the characteristics of the embryonic and larval development of Rana macrocnemis.Material and methods. Fragments from 6–7 clutches of R. macrocnemis collected on the territory of Foothill Dagestan were used in the work. The experiment included two series of experiments: in the 1st series, the entire cycle of embryonic‐larval development of the R. macrocnemis frog was studied, and in the 2nd, only the postembryonic development of R. macrocnemis was studied. Eggs were individually placed in containers with different pH values (4.0, 5.0, and 9.0).Results. The most vulnerable periods in the development of R. macrocnemis are the stages of neurula, limb formation, and metamorphosis. At pH 4.0, oxygen consumption by larvae decreases, accompanied by suppression of feeding behavior and a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes. In addition, pH 4.0 has a negative effect on the survival of embryos and larvae. At pH 5.0, changes are noted that are mainly of an adaptive nature. Against the background of the accelerated development of embryos at these pH values, a significant decrease in the length and weight of their body is noted. With the transition to larval development, an increase in body size is observed against the background of a small increase in weight. An elongation of the duration of the period from the beginning of the formation of limbs to the end of metamorphosis was also noted.Conclusion. The data obtained can be used in monitoring the level of acidity of the environment and the oxygen content in natural water bodies during the spawning period, which will help clarify the issue of the reduction in the number of R. macrocnemis frogs in Dagestan.
Modern problems of artificial reproduction of sturgeon in the Volga‐Caspian basin
Authors: Vasilyeva L. M. , Rabazanov N. I. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of artificial reproduction of the Caspian sturgeon and to identify the problems of reducing efficiency and ways to solve them.Discussion. The current critical state of the Caspian sturgeon, which accounts for up to 90% of the world's related resources, is of concern to the entire community, due to the threat of extinction of these relic individuals on the planet. This can be prevented by increasing the efficiency of reproduction. However, natural reproduction is practically reduced to zero, so the real and only possible solution is artificial reproduction. This analytical review presents five tasks, the successful solution of which will improve the current state of artificial reproduction in the Volga‐Caspian basin. The main task is the provision of fish breeding processes with producers, which, in the absence of fish of natural generation, are derived from brood stocks. Of particular concern is the threatened state of the Caspian beluga and stellate sturgeon. It is necessary to increase the release of their juveniles, for which financial stimulation of this activity is necessary. It is necessary to move more actively to the release of juveniles of an enlarged (7‐10 g) size and their export to feeding places in the waters of the Northern Caspian, which will contribute to an increase in fishing return.Conclusion. It is necessary to increase funding for research into the reproductive function of females and for artificial generation, as well as for the maintenance of production herds – a golden fund for restoring natural reserves. The attention of all the Caspian states should be drawn to the intensification of activities for the artificial reproduction of these unique fish species in the Caspian basin.
The Great spotted eagle <i>Aquila clanga</i> in the Altai Territory and Altai Republic, Russia
Authors: Vazhov S. V. , Matsyura A. V. , Vazhov V. M. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. To summarise information provided so as to allow us to compile a modern understanding of the breeding ranges, abundance and breeding biology of the Great Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, a rare species in the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic.Material and Methods. While studying the distribution, abundance and nesting biology of the Great Spotted Eagle, we used generally accepted methods with certain modifications. The species was observed during foot and car surveys. To get an idea of the distribution of the spotted eagle in the region, an analysis of available sources was carried out, including materials from the Red Data Book of the Altai Territory and other relevant information resources.Results. Nesting groups of a feathered predator are characterised by uneven spatial distribution. This is due to the habit of the spotted eagle to gravitate to wetlands and floodplain lands in high‐trunk mixed forests, alternating with meadow‐pasture and field landscapes. In ribbon and acquisition forests, as well as in wildlife sanctuaries located on their territory, there has been a rapid trend towards a decrease in the population of the species, primarily due to selective felling of vegetation and disturbance of the birds during the nesting period. In this regar, there is a need to expand and deepen ornithological studies aimed at improving environmental measures for the Great Spotted Eagle.Conclusions. Protection of this species should be combined with inevitable criminal or administrative punishment of poachers and illegal forest users, who are involved in destructive environmental activities in the region discussed. Otherwise, the progressive extinction of the Great Spotted Eagle population in Altai will reach a critical point in forthcoming years.
Polymorphism of <i>GH/HaeIII</i> and <i>GDF9/AsplEI</i> genes, genetic variation and association of their genotypes with immune status in sheep of different breeds ranched in different natural and geographic areas
Authors: Ozdemirov A. A. , Surov A. I. , Surzhikova E. S. , Khozhokov A. A. , Gadzhiev Z. K. , Evlagina D. D. , Alieva E. M. , Akaeva R. A. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. One of the important tasks in solving the problem of improving the efficiency of sheep breeding is the rational use of fodder lands in the North Caucasus and the South of Russia, a significant part of which is located in different natural and climatic conditions. The complexity of solutions lies in insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of farm animals, in particular sheep, to the ecological and geographical features of these regions. The purpose of this research was to study the genetic polymorphism of genes, the degree of genetic variability and immune status in sheep of different breeds, since genetic polymorphism is a measure of its adaptability and the hematopoietic function of blood is the basis of the life of the organism.Material and Methods. The genetic structure of the GH/Hae III, GDF9/AsplEI genes and immune status, was studied by the methods of genetic‐statistical and immune analysis in sheep of different breeds kept in different climatic zones of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory.Results. As a result of DNA genotyping of the studied samples of sheep of different breeds, it was found that polymorphism of GH/HaeIII, GDF9/AsplEI genes is represented by three genotype variants: homozygous GH/HaeIIIАА, GH/HaeIIIВВ; GDF9/AsplEIАА, GDF9/AsplEIGG; heterozygous GH/HaeIIIAB; GDF9/AsplEIAG and two alleles: A and B – of the GH/HaeIII gene; A and G – GDF9/AsplEI gene with different frequency of occurrence, respectively.Conclusion. For the first time, genetic variability has been studied in the context of the immune status of sheep populations of different breeds bred in the foothills of the Republic of Dagestan and Krasnodar Territory. The information obtained about the role of the degree of genetic variability and the immune status of sheep of different breeds is answered in the formation of adaptive‐compensatory mechanisms to specific conditions of the breeding environment. A deeper study of the adaptive characteristics of sheep of different breeds for their further improvement allows the use of molecular genetic and hematological methods.
Biodiversity of certain invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Azat River gorge, Armenia and their bioecological features
Authors: Hovhannisyan V. S. , Mirumyan L. S. , Harutyunyan R. G. , Avetisyan A. A. , Harutyunova L. D. , Gasparyan A. S. , Magomedova M. Z. , Magomedova P. D. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. The aim of the work is to study the biodiversity of certain invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Azat River gorge and their ecological and biological features.Material and Methods. Invertebrates collected in the Garni‐Goght‐ Geghard section of the Azat River gorge in the period from 2015 to 2021 served as study material.The work was carried out at the Scientific Center for Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. Our own collections have been used as material, as well as collections of insects and mollusks of the Institute of Zoology.Results. As a result of studies of the species composition of invertebrates of the Azat River gorge (Geghard, Goght, Garni) we found: 25 species of horseflies (Tabanidae: Diptera), 24 species of phytophagous gall midges (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera); 13 aphid species (Aphididae: Hymenoptera); 17 pyralid moth species (Crambidaе: Lepidoptera) from 5 subfamilies (Crambinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae, Spilomerlinae, Glaphyriinae); 19 species of mollusks (Molluska): 3 species of freshwater mollusks from 3 families (Physidae, Planorbidae, Ancylidae), 16 species of terraneous mollusks from 10 families (Succineidae, Vertiginidae, Orculidae, Pupillidae Valloniidae, Enidae, Vitrinidae, Endodontidae, Limacidae, Helicida). The bioecological features of these insects and mollusks have been studied and distribution by biotopes, revealing changes in the species composition of some groups due to anthropogenic factors.Conclusion. As a result of the researches undertaken, a wide variety of invertebrates has been frevealed. They occupy all ecological niches and are found in all plant formations of the Azat River gorge. Most of the insect species are of economic importance. Research on invertebrates of the Azat river gorge is very promising. Works in this direction will be continued with the involvement of new research groups.
Preparing Future’s Community Empowerment: A Quantitative Study of The Correlation Between Empowerment And Human Resources In Ranu Pani And Sanan Tourism Village
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Menur , Zaki Irham , Herianingrum Sri , Nafik Hadi Ryandono Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

Human resources are the main support system for managing tourist villages. The main support system should be managed well. Managing human resources can reflected by empowering them to develop new skills based on their need to elaborate on the region’s potency. The region potency consists of culture, tourism place, and heritage. The aim of the research is to know about the correlation between empowerment and human resources in Ranu Pani Tourist Village and Sanan Tourist Village. This study used quantitative research. The data was collected using questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive, quantitative data. The result of this research is that the test distribution is normal by 0.871. The data were normal with a significance level of 0.55. The distribution number was greater than or greater than the significance number. The second was about ANOVA test. Based on ANOVA, the result was F= 56.245. This mean that there was a significant correlation between empowerment and human resources. Empowerment does influence human resources and human resources may influence empowerment. Even though there is significant correlation between empowerment and human resources, empowerment is still important for people particularly around village tourists. Society will be change quickly, and they need readiness to face the fast changing. Fast changing and society reflecting where does they live. Empowerment includes developing skills, abilities, knowledge and competency that need to be advanced around tourist villages. Human resources are the success or failure of tourist.
Learning Path Optimization based on Multi-Attribute Matching and Variable Length Continuous Representation
Authors: Zhang Yong-Wei , Xiao Qin , Song Ying-Lei , Chen Mi-Mi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Personalized learning path considers both learner and resource attributes. The evolutionary algorithm approach usually forms the learning path generation problem into a problem that optimizes the matching degree of the learner and the generated learning path. The proposed work considers the learner attributes as ability level, learning objective, learning style, and expected learning time. The learning path attributes include difficulty level, covered concept, supported learning styles, required learning time, and prerequisites. A variable-length representation of the learning path is adopted based on floating numbers, which significantly reduces the encoding length and simplifies the learning path generating process. An improved differential evolution algorithm is applied to optimize the matching degree of learning path and learner. The quantitative experiments on different problem scales show the proposed system outperforms the binary-based representation approaches in scaling ability and outperforms the comparative algorithms in efficiency.
A Study of AgNOR Scores on FNAC of Breast Lumps and Its Correlation with Histopathological Grading
Authors: Tasneem Rumana , M R Manjunath , Y Muralidhar Bhat 
Published: October 2022

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in women both in developed and developing countries. Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) are loops of DNA related to protein synthesis and ribosomal activity. Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) counts act as a reliable cell proliferative marker as they aid in identifying cell proliferation activity and aggressiveness of a lesion, and thereby helps in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions.
Aim: To evaluate the role of AgNOR count in differentiating benign and malignant breast lumps.
Methods: All breast lump specimens collected for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and histopathology, for a period of one year, were included in the study. A total of 69 specimens were included. All FNAC and histopathology slides were stained with AgNOR stain, and the score was recorded.
Result: A total of 69 cases were studied, both non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions. All FNAC cases correlated histologically. Out of the 69 cases, 38 were malignant. The mean AgNOR counts in non-neoplastic, benign and malignant breast lesions were found to be 2.19, 2.88 and 5.94 respectively (p<0.05). Other parameters such as proliferative AgNOR index, AgNOR size variation, AgNOR distribution within the nucleus and the Subjective AgNOR Pattern Assessment (SAPA) scores also showed statistically significant difference between benign and malignant lesions.
Conclusion: AgNOR scores showed good correlation in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions, they can be used as a reliable tool to aid in the diagnosis.
Morphometric Approach to Angiogenesis In Acute Leukemia: An Attempt to Bring Objectivity
Authors: Verma Shipra , Mutreja Deepti , Dibyajyoti Boruah , S Venkatesan 
Published: October 2022

Background:Angiogenesis is central to growth and development of all tissues, whether they are healthy or diseased. Angiogenesis has a key role in progression of tumor and in its metastasis and invasion. The role of angiogenesis in solid tumors is well established through various studies, but the same needs to be studied more extensively with respect to hematological malignancies. This could aid in prognostication and has therapeutic implications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone marrow microvessels in cases of acute leukemias by morphometry, for the purpose of providing objectivity, and study the angiogenic activity in these cases.
Methods:In this study, all retrospective and prospective cases of acute leukemias diagnosed on bone marrow biopsies over a period of two years, from 2018 to 2020, were included. A total of 46 cases and 27 controls were studied. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and CD34 stained bone marrow biopsies were reviewed. For quantification of microvessel density (MVD), three “hotspots” (areas with maximum number of microvessels) on bone marrow biopsy were identified by scanning at x100 power. Then, at x400 magnification, the field was set to cover the maximum number of microvessels within the hotspot, and microvessels were counted in one field in each of the three hotspots. MVD was reported as the mean of the three hotspots expressed as the number of microvessels per mm2. The mean values of the measurements in the three fields were used for statistical analysis.
Result: The cases of acute leukemia were found to have significantly higher MVD as compared to the control group. Present study also found significant correlation of MVD with marrow fibrosis and blast percentage in peripheral blood. However, the mean MVD did not show any significant correlation with the bone marrow cellularity. A significant reduction in MVD was found post therapy in the remission cases, while MVD was still high in case with relapse.
Conclusion: There is a definite role of angiogenesis in pathophysiology of hematological malignancies. Assessment of bone marrow MVD by morphometry can help in lending objectivity to angiogenesis, which can aid in prognostication and therapeutics in cases of acute leukemias.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Remnant of Mullerian Duct With 47XYY Karyotype – Rare Case
Authors: Padmanabhan Anitha , Kadam Ashvini Dhondiram , Gadgil Nitin 
Published: October 2022

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare type of male pseudohermaphroditism characterized by the presence of Mullerian derivatives (uterus, fallopian tubes and upper vagina), cryptorchidism either unilateral or bilateral along with inguinal hernia in a phenotypically and genotypically male person. PMDS is rarely associated with malignancies, the most common being testicular germ cell tumours. Occasional case of Adenocarcinoma arising in the PMD remnant structure is reported.
We report an unusual case of male type of PMDS with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from PMD derivatives and presented with hematuria Also, this patient had karyotype of 47XYY (Jacob syndrome). Both these are hitherto unreported in English literature to the best of our knowledge.
Hepatitis E Virus Prevalence Amongst Blood Donors in Kenya
Authors: Mutai Alex Kiprotich , Songok E , Muna Kennedy K , Langat B , Borlang J , Andonov A 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Hepatitis E (HEV) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral and parenteral routes. It has greatly affected populations in many parts of Kenya due to declined sanitation practices. The objective of the research was to determine IgM and IgG seroprevalence of HEV prevalence among blood donors in Kenya as well as its Anti-HEV sero-reactivity by demographic factors.
Material and Methods: Cross sectional research design was used to collect blood samples from six from regional blood collecting centers, with blood donors selected through proportionate stratified sampling. Serum were matched to the age and gender distribution of the blood donors and tested by IgM and IgG enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The screening was carried out using human MP Diagnostics (0721150096T-96 wells) HEV ELISA kit. To test for IgM and IgM anti-HEV antibodies, microplates with 96-well plate were used. Results were averaged to generate a signal-to-noise ratio with ≥1.0 designated as positive per the manufacturer’s recommended cutoff.
Result and Conclusion: On the analysis, IgM reactivity was associated with HEV (RR 1.66, 95%CI 1.07, 2.60; p = 0.024) while IgG reactivity was associated with increasing age (p < 0.001) and HIV (RR 1.93, 95%CI 1.52, 2.46; p < 0.001). AFI case-patients were more likely to be IgM (p = 0.002) and IgG (p<0.001) reactive compared to healthy residents. All the 19 hepatitis E virus IgM and/or IgG seropositive blood samples tested negative for HEV RNA since no bands were detected using RT-PCR technique. Serologic evidence for HEV in blood samples from selected areas suggests a high burden of infection, though age and gender exhibited no significant difference in prevalence of HEV among the blood donors in Kenya (p>0.05).
کۆزانیاری، جۆر و بوارەکانی
Authors: Faraj Shakhawan Jalal , Jafar Nigar Star 
Published: October 2022

ئەم توێژینەوەیە هەوڵدەدات کۆزانیاری،لە چێوەی (درکپێکردنی پڕاگماتیکی "Pragmatic Cognitive") ی (زانستی زمانی درکپێکردن"Cognitive Linguistics")دا، کە بنەمایە بۆ دروستبوونی (کۆزانیاری) بخاتەڕوو، بەوپێیەی (کۆزانیاری) لە جەوهەردا لە دنیابینی مرۆڤ و واتای بەکارهێنان (پڕاگماتیک)، کە مرۆڤ لە ڕێگەی ئەزموونکردنەوە شارەزایان دەبێت و بە ڕێگەی (بەچەمککردن) لە ئاوەزدا دادەکرێن پێکدێت، لێرەشەوە مەرج نییە هەمیشە ( کرۆک،ڕستە ناوەڕۆک "Proposition")ێک، وەک یەکەیەکی هەڵگری زانیاری ڕاستبێت، بەڵام کرۆکەکە بە تەنها نییە، بەڵکو چەندین زانیاری و لایەنی تر لەخۆ دەگرێت،کە دەبێتە هۆی بەرهەمهێنانی نیانییەک لە پڕۆسەکانی درکپێکردندا،کە بریتیین لە (سەرنجدان، تێگەیشتن، فێربوون،بڕیاردان.....)و هۆکارە بۆ گەیشتن بە ڕاستەقینە، ئەمەش ئەوە ڕووندەکاتەوە ،کۆزانیاری لە ڕێگەی هاوبەشیپێکردن و کاری ڕێکخراوەیی و کۆمەڵدا پەرەدەسەنێت ،تەنها پشت بە مەرجی ڕاستی و پاساوەکەی نابەستێت، بەڵکو فێربوونی کرداریی و جێبەجێکردنی کارەکی پاساو، بەهۆی ئەزموونکردنەوە پێواژۆکانی درکپێکردن، بۆ گەشەکردن و بەرهەمهێنانی زیاتر ئاڕاستە دەکەن، لەمڕوانگەیەشەوە (زانستی زمانی درکپێکردن)، گرنگی بە هەردوو لایەنی ئاوەزیی و ئەزموونکردن،کە بەهۆی پێنج هەستەکەوە بە دەستدێت دەدات، کە بنەمایە بۆ گەشەکردنی (درکپێکردنی کۆزانیاری "Knowledge Cognitive") ئەمەش وادەکات بوارەکانی کۆزانیاری لە باری تایبەتیدا، بە شێوەیەکی داینامیکی، لە بوارێکەوە بۆ بوارێکی تر بگۆڕدرێت.