bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and rural-urban differences in hypertension among youth in India: Insights from a large scale survey, 2015-16
Authors: Rani Ritu , Kannaujiya Ajit Kumar , Talukdar Poushaly , Sikarwar Ankit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHypertension is considered one of the most persistent public health issues and the single largest contributor to avoidable morbidity and mortality in India. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in youths (15-29 years) by gender and rural-urban place of residence. Data from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey – 2015-16 (n = 395,207) was utilised for the study. After estimation of the stratified prevalence of hypertension by various characteristics, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the correlates of hypertension. The results revealed that the prevalence of hypertension in youths at the national level varied from 9.16% (Meghalaya) to 3.34% (Delhi). The stratified analysis suggests pronounced gender differences in the prevalence of hypertension among youth with insignificant rural-urban differences, although the prevalence was higher in urban areas. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension was found higher for male youths living in urban areas (7.82%) and females in rural areas (5.08%). Concurrently, results from regression analysis also suggest higher odds of hypertension for males residing in urban areas for a variety of demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors. Advancing age, having no education, living in the northeast region, being overweight/obese and high blood glucose level was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of hypertension for both the gender and place of residence. Public health awareness regarding blood pressure needs to be tailored differently for both males and females considering the place of residence. The study suggests that more research should focus on blood pressure/hypertension among children, adolescents and youth since they point towards adult blood pressure patterns.
A novel approach for Mediterranean monk seal conservation: an artificial ledge in a marine cave
Authors: Saydam Ezgi , Güçlüsoy Harun , Kızılkaya Zafer Alı 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, comprises 600–700 individuals in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean. Habitat degradation is a severe threat to the species. In 2016 and 2017, coastline surveys were conducted in Gökova Bay, south-west Turkey, to identify suitable monk seal habitat. A significant factor hindering recovery of the monk seal population of this Turkish coast and the nearby Greek islands is the limited number of marine caves suitable for resting and/or pupping. We identified four caves as possible monk seal resting and pupping caves. An additional cave with all essential features for seal usage except a ledge was also identified. An artificial ledge was built in this cave in July 2019 and seal usage was monitored by camera trap until September 2020. A total of 405 camera-trap events were analysed to examine presence of any monk seals on the ledge, and to understand the purpose (resting and/or pupping), frequency of use, sex and age group of any individuals using the cave. One juvenile used the cave four times for resting (420 minutes in total), predominantly nocturnally. This is the first construction of a dry ledge in a cave of this kind for monk seals. The camera recordings suggest this approach could provide habitat for this species in areas where there is insufficient dry protected area on land.
Longitudinal PTSD network structure: measuring PTSD symptom networks over 5 years
Authors: Crowe Michael L. , Harper Kelly L. , Moshier Samantha J. , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNetwork modeling has been applied in a range of trauma-exposed samples, yet results are limited by an over reliance on cross-sectional data. The current analyses used posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom data collected over a 5-year period to estimate a more robust between-subject network and an associated symptom change network.MethodsA PTSD symptom network is measured in a sample of military veterans across four time points (Ns = 1254, 1231, 1106, 925). The repeated measures permit isolating between-subject associations by limiting the effects of within-subject variability. The result is a highly reliable PTSD symptom network. A symptom slope network depicting covariation of symptom change over time is also estimated.ResultsNegative trauma-related emotions had particularly strong associations with the network. Trauma-related amnesia, sleep disturbance, and self-destructive behavior had weaker overall associations with other PTSD symptoms.ConclusionsPTSD's network structure appears stable over time. There is no single ‘most important’ node or node cluster. The relevance of self-destructive behavior, sleep disturbance, and trauma-related amnesia to the PTSD construct may deserve additional consideration.
Follow the money: Assessing Women, Peace, and Security through financing for gender-inclusive peace
Authors: Davies Sara E. , True Jacqui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda and women's participation in peace processes are strongly supported by states. Yet financing to support the implementation of WPS has lagged behind overt international commitments to the agenda. WPS scholars and practitioners have highlighted the funding shortfalls for enabling WPS implementation and continued under-investment in gender-inclusive peace. In this article, we ask how much are donor states financially backing the implementation of gender-inclusive peace agreements which they promote? We use a high ambiguity-conflict model of policy implementation to explore the mechanisms of bilateral and multilateral financing for gender-inclusive peace. We trace to what extent international investments are supporting specific gender provisions in two progressive gender-inclusive peace processes, the 2016 Colombian Peace Agreement and 2015 Comprehensive Peace Agreement in the Philippines. In both case studies, we reveal a drastic gap between the international donor rhetoric and the funding. Patterns of financial investment do not follow nor support the life cycle of inclusive peace processes. We suggest key strategies for further research to address this policy and recommend that all gender provisions of peace agreements be monitored in-country and all gender-responsive investments be tracked and evaluated.
Inhibitory control and verb inflection in Italian preschool children
Authors: GANDOLFI Elena , USAI Maria Carmen , TRAVERSO Laura , VITERBORI Paola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study investigates whether Italian verbal inflectional morphology is associated with inhibitory control skills after controlling for receptive vocabulary and verbal working memory. A sample of Italian preschoolers aged 4;0 to 6;0 was assessed using a standardized inhibitory control task tapping two different inhibitory skills (response inhibition and interference suppression), and a morphological task requiring simple and complex inflections of verbs. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that working memory and the interference suppression scores were significantly associated with complex inflections but not with simple inflections of the verbs.
Infants aged 12 months use the gender feature in determiners to anticipate upcoming words: an eye-tracking study
Authors: MORNATI Giulia , RIVA Valentina , VISMARA Elena , MOLTENI Massimo , CANTIANI Chiara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigated online early comprehension in Italian children aged 12 and 20 months, focusing on the role of morphosyntactic features (i.e., gender) carried by determiners in facilitating comprehension and anticipating upcoming words. A naturalistic eye-tracking procedure was employed, recording looking behaviours during a classical Looking-While-Listening task. Children were presented with sentences and pictures of two objects representing nouns characterised by either the same gender (determiner was uninformative) or a different gender (determiner was informative). As expected, 20-month-old children recognised the target picture when this was named, and they were faster in the different-gender condition. Interestingly, 12-month-old infants identified the target picture only when presented with an informative determiner (different-gender condition). These results suggest that, as early as 12 months of age and with an improvement seen at 20 months of age, toddlers can extract and use determiner gender features to enhance comprehension and make predictions about upcoming words.
Total Mobilization from Below: Hong Kong's Freedom Summer
Authors: Cheng Edmund W. , Lee Francis L. F. , Yuen Samson , Tang Gary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the origins and dynamics of an extraordinary wave of protests in Hong Kong in 2019–2020. Despite lacking visible political opportunities and organizational resources, the protest movement drew resilient, mass participation unparalleled in the city's history and much of the world. Drawing from original on-site surveys and online datasets, we conceptualize the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement as a form of “total mobilization from below.” The totality of the mobilization depended on a set of interactive mechanisms: abeyant civil society networks concealed after the 2014 Umbrella Movement were activated by threats over extradition and institutional decay, whereas affective ties developed through conflicts and mutual assistance were amplified by digital communication. The movement's characteristics in terms of protest scale, mobilizing structure, use of alternative spaces, and group solidarity are examined. The spasmodic moments of mobilization are explained by a nexus of network building that took place in an unreceptive environment and at a critical juncture. The roles of threats and emotions in mass mobilizations are also analysed.
Exploring Blob Detection to Determine Atomic Column Positions and Intensities in Time-Resolved TEM Images with Ultra-Low Signal-to-Noise
Authors: Manzorro Ramon , Xu Yuchen , Vincent Joshua L , Rivera Roberto , Matteson David S , Crozier Peter A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spatially resolved in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), equipped with direct electron detection systems, is a suitable technique to record information about the atom-scale dynamics with millisecond temporal resolution from materials. However, characterizing dynamics or fluxional behavior requires processing short time exposure images which usually have severely degraded signal-to-noise ratios. The poor signal-to-noise associated with high temporal resolution makes it challenging to determine the position and intensity of atomic columns in materials undergoing structural dynamics. To address this challenge, we propose a noise-robust, processing approach based on blob detection, which has been previously established for identifying objects in images in the community of computer vision. In particular, a blob detection algorithm has been tailored to deal with noisy TEM image series from nanoparticle systems. In the presence of high noise content, our blob detection approach is demonstrated to outperform the results of other algorithms, enabling the determination of atomic column position and its intensity with a higher degree of precision.
War and compassion: the plight of war orphans in East Asia, 1867–1945 and beyond
Authors: Tamanoi Mariko Asano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWar and peace are the two incompatible notions. War and compassion are not: war often calls for human compassion to save not only friends but also enemies. As the technology of war has advanced since the nineteenth century, the targets of compassion in the form of philanthropy, social work, and humanitarianism have also expanded to include soldiers, civilians, and children. In this article, I explore the link between war and compassion in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by focusing on the plight of Japanese war orphans in Japan and Chinese war orphans in China. These sixty-seven Chinese war orphans were brought to Japan in 1939 by a member of the Japanese Imperial army stationed in occupied China. The founders of orphanages in Japan argued that war incited their compassion to save the young victims of war. Yet they were also forced to work under the watchful eyes of the State. How did Japan's power structures, which created misery in both Japan and China, change over time? How did the Japanese social structures, which tried to help alleviate misery among children, change? My goal is to relate these questions to each other for further understanding the link between war and compassion between 1867 and 1945 and in the early postwar era.
TAMING THE ‘ELSEWHERE’: ON EXPRESSIVITY OF TOPOLOGICAL LANGUAGES
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-DUQUE DAVID 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn topological modal logic, it is well known that the Cantor derivative is more expressive than the topological closure, and the ‘elsewhere’, or ‘difference’, operator is more expressive than the ‘somewhere’ operator. In 2014, Kudinov and Shehtman asked whether the combination of closure and elsewhere becomes strictly more expressive when adding the Cantor derivative. In this paper we give an affirmative answer: in fact, the Cantor derivative alone can define properties of topological spaces not expressible with closure and elsewhere. To prove this, we develop a novel theory of morphisms which preserve formulas with the elsewhere operator.
Ratio Between Over‐Satellite Electron Content and Plasma Density Measured by Swarm: A Proxy for Topside Scale Height
Authors: Park Jaeheung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn‐situ plasma density (Ne) and Over‐Satellite Electron Content (OSEC) measured at Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) are basic parameters for analyzing ionospheric plasma. In this study, we calculate the ratio of OSEC to Ne (OSEC‐to‐Ne ratio; α) measured by Swarm in the daytime topside, which is analogous to the traditional slab thickness of the ionosphere. Dependence of the α on latitude, local time, season, and solar activity generally agrees with the known climatology of vertical scale height (VSH) of the topside ionosphere. Hence, the α can be deemed a proxy for the VSH. Calibrated Swarm‐A and Swarm‐B data at two different altitudes further demonstrate that lower‐altitude Ne and α can reasonably estimate higher‐altitude Ne. In addition, a new method is proposed to estimate effective ion mass from the α and electron/ion temperature measured by Swarm. The estimates are broadly consistent with recent reports on topside ion composition. All these results demonstrate the usefulness of the α in constraining vertical profiles and composition of the topside ionosphere. Caveats for using the α are given, and possible directions of future improvement are discussed.
An Overview of ARTMIP's Tier 2 Reanalysis Intercomparison: Uncertainty in the Detection of Atmospheric Rivers and Their Associated Precipitation
Authors: Collow A. B. Marquardt , Shields C. A. , Guan B. , Kim S. , Lora J. M. , McClenny E. E. , Nardi K. , Payne A. , Reid K. , Shearer E. J. , Tomé R. , Wille J. D. , Ramos A. M. , Gorodetskaya I. V. , Leung L. R. , O’Brien T. A. , Ralph F. M. , Rutz J. , Ullrich P. A. , Wehner M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAtmospheric rivers, or long but narrow regions of enhanced water vapor transport, are an important component of the hydrologic cycle as they are responsible for much of the poleward transport of water vapor and result in precipitation, sometimes extreme in intensity. Despite their importance, much uncertainty remains in the detection of atmospheric rivers in large datasets such as reanalyses and century scale climate simulations. To understand this uncertainty, the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) developed tiered experiments, including the Tier 2 Reanalysis Intercomparison that is presented here. Eleven detection algorithms submitted hourly tags‐‐binary fields indicating the presence or absence of atmospheric rivers‐‐of detected atmospheric rivers in the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA‐2) and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts' Reanalysis Version 5 (ERA5) as well as six‐hourly tags in the Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55). Due to a higher climatological mean for integrated water vapor transport in MERRA‐2, atmospheric rivers were detected more frequently relative to the other two reanalyses, particularly in algorithms that use a fixed threshold for water vapor transport. The finer horizontal resolution of ERA5 resulted in narrower atmospheric rivers and an ability to detect atmospheric rivers along resolved coastlines. The fraction of hemispheric area covered by ARs varies throughout the year in all three reanalyses, with different atmospheric river detection tools having different seasonal cycles.
Hepatic deficiency of selenoprotein S exacerbates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance
Authors: Qiao Lu , Men Lili , Yu Shanshan , Yao Junjie , Li Yu , Wang Mingming , Yu Ying , Wang Ning , Ran Liyuan , Wu Yingjie , Du Jianling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which are all complex metabolic disorders. Selenoprotein S (SelS) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident selenoprotein involved in regulating ER stress and has been found to participate in the occurrence and development of IR and T2DM. However, the potential role and mechanism of SelS in NAFLD remains unclear. Here, we analyzed SelS expression in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and obese T2DM model (db/db) mice and generated hepatocyte-specific SelS knockout (SelSH-KO) mice using the Cre-loxP system. We showed that hepatic SelS expression levels were significantly downregulated in HFD-fed mice and db/db mice. Hepatic SelS deficiency markedly increased ER stress markers in the liver and caused hepatic steatosis via increased fatty acid uptake and reduced fatty acid oxidation. Impaired insulin signaling was detected in the liver of SelSH-KO mice with decreased phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), which ultimately led to disturbed glucose homeostasis. Meanwhile, our results showed hepatic protein kinase Cɛ (PKCɛ) activation participated in the negative regulation of insulin signaling in SelSH-KO mice. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of SelS on hepatic steatosis and IR was confirmed by SelS overexpression in primary hepatocytes in vitro. Thus, we conclude that hepatic SelS plays a key role in regulating hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin action, suggesting that SelS may be a potential intervention target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and T2DM.
Arabian Sea Aerosol-Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall relationship and its modulation by El-Nino Southern Oscillation
Authors: Nandini Gopinath , Vinoj V. , Pandey Satyendra Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe intensity of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) over Central India (CI) is known to be positively correlated with the dust aerosol loading over the Arabian Sea (AS) on short time scales of about a week. However, global oscillations such as the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulate both the rainfall over India and aerosol loading over the AS. This study uses long-term satellite-based aerosol and gridded rainfall datasets to explore the correlation between AS aerosol and CI rainfall and their relationship to ENSO. It is found that the highest correlation is during El-Nino (0.53), followed by Normal (0.44) and La-Nina (0.34) years, closely following the overall dust aerosol loading over the AS. Spatially, irrespective of the phase of ENSO, the high aerosol loading conditions are associated with increased winds over the AS, shifting eastward towards the Indian mainland and enhancing rainfall over CI and elsewhere across the Indian landmass. In contrast, the low aerosol loading conditions over the AS are associated with reduced winds, shifting westward away from the Indian mainland, suppressing rainfall over CI. In response to anthropogenic climate change, the El-Nino-like conditions are likely to increase in the future, making the dust aerosol-induced monsoon rainfall enhancement/modulation significant.
Artemisinin resistance in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, originates from its initial transcriptional response
Authors: Zhu Lei , van der Pluijm Rob W. , Kucharski Michal , Nayak Sourav , Tripathi Jaishree , White Nicholas J. , Day Nicholas P. J. , Faiz Abul , Phyo Aung Pyae , Amaratunga Chanaki , Lek Dysoley , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Nosten François , Smithuis Frank , Ginsburg Hagai , von Seidlein Lorenz , Lin Khin , Imwong Mallika , Chotivanich Kesinee , Mayxay Mayfong , Dhorda Mehul , Nguyen Hoang Chau , Nguyen Thuy Nhien Thanh , Miotto Olivo , Newton Paul N. , Jittamala Podjanee , Tripura Rupam , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Peto Thomas J. , Hien Tran Tinh , Dondorp Arjen M. , Bozdech Zbynek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, first in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), and now in East Africa, is a major threat to global malaria elimination ambitions. To investigate the artemisinin resistance mechanism, transcriptome analysis was conducted of 577 P. falciparum isolates collected in the GMS between 2016–2018. A specific artemisinin resistance-associated transcriptional profile was identified that involves a broad but discrete set of biological functions related to proteotoxic stress, host cytoplasm remodelling, and REDOX metabolism. The artemisinin resistance-associated transcriptional profile evolved from initial transcriptional responses of susceptible parasites to artemisinin. The genetic basis for this adapted response is likely to be complex.
Dynamic forecasting of severe acute graft-versus-host disease after transplantation
Authors: Liu Xueou , Cao Yigeng , Guo Ye , Gong Xiaowen , Feng Yahui , Wang Yao , Wang Mingyang , Cui Mengxuan , Guo Wenwen , Zhang Luyang , Zhao Ningning , Song Xiaoqiang , Zheng Xuetong , Chen Xia , Shen Qiujin , Zhang Song , Song Zhen , Li Linfeng , Feng Sizhou , Han Mingzhe , Zhu Xiaofan , Jiang Erlie , Chen Junren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForecasting of severe acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after transplantation is a challenging ‘large p, small n’ problem that suffers from nonuniform data sampling. We propose a dynamic probabilistic algorithm, daGOAT, that accommodates sampling heterogeneity, integrates multidimensional clinical data and continuously updates the daily risk score for severe aGVHD onset within a two-week moving window. In the studied cohorts, the cross-validated area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of daGOAT rose steadily after transplantation and peaked at ≥0.78 in both the adult and pediatric cohorts, outperforming the two-biomarker MAGIC score, three-biomarker Ann Arbor score, peri-transplantation features-based models and XGBoost. Simulation experiments indicated that the daGOAT algorithm is well suited for short time-series scenarios where the underlying process for event generation is smooth, multidimensional and where there are frequent and irregular data missing. daGOAT’s broader utility was demonstrated by performance testing on a remotely different task, that is, prediction of imminent human postural change based on smartphone inertial sensor time-series data.