bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soils and sediments host Thermoplasmata archaea encoding novel copper membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs)
Authors: Diamond Spencer , Lavy Adi , Crits-Christoph Alexander , Matheus Carnevali Paula B , Sharrar Allison , Williams Kenneth H , Banfield Jillian F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Copper membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs) play critical roles in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Organisms harboring these enzymes perform the first, and rate limiting, step in aerobic oxidation of ammonia, methane, or other simple hydrocarbons. Within archaea, only organisms in the order Nitrososphaerales (Thaumarchaeota) encode CuMMOs, which function exclusively as ammonia monooxygenases. From grassland and hillslope soils and aquifer sediments, we identified 20 genomes from distinct archaeal species encoding divergent CuMMO sequences. These archaea are phylogenetically clustered in a previously unnamed Thermoplasmatota order, herein named the Ca. Angelarchaeales. The CuMMO proteins in Ca. Angelarchaeales are more similar in structure to those in Nitrososphaerales than those of bacteria, and contain all functional residues required for general monooxygenase activity. Ca. Angelarchaeales genomes are significantly enriched in blue copper proteins (BCPs) relative to sibling lineages, including plastocyanin-like electron carriers and divergent nitrite reductase-like (nirK) 2-domain cupredoxin proteins co-located with electron transport machinery. Ca. Angelarchaeales also encode significant capacity for peptide/amino acid uptake and degradation and share numerous electron transport mechanisms with the Nitrososphaerales. Ca. Angelarchaeales are detected at high relative abundance in some of the environments where their genomes originated from. While the exact substrate specificities of the novel CuMMOs identified here have yet to be determined, activity on ammonia is possible given their metabolic and ecological context. The identification of an archaeal CuMMO outside of the Nitrososphaerales significantly expands the known diversity of CuMMO enzymes in archaea and suggests previously unaccounted organisms contribute to critical global nitrogen and/or carbon cycling functions.
Glycan profiling of the gut microbiota by Glycan-seq
Authors: Oinam Lalhaba , Minoshima Fumi , Tateno Hiroaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bacterial glycans modulate the cross talk between the gut microbiota and its host. However, little is known about these glycans because of the lack of appropriate technology to study them. In this study, we applied Glycan-seq technology for glycan profiling of the intact gut microbiota of mice. The evaluation of cultured gram-positive (Deinococcus radiodurans) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria showed significantly distinct glycan profiles between these bacteria, which were selected and further analyzed by flow cytometry. The results of flow cytometry agreed well with those obtained by Glycan-seq, indicating that Glycan-seq can be used for bacterial glycan profiling. We thus applied Glycan-seq for comparative glycan profiling of pups and adult mice gut microbiotas. The glycans of the pups and adult microbiotas had significantly distinct glycan profiles, which reflect the different bacterial compositions of pups and adult gut microbiotas based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.α2-6Sia-binders bound specifically to the pups microbiota. Lectin pull-down followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the pups microbiota identified Lactobacillaceae as the most abundant bacterial family with glycans reacting with α2-6Sia-binders. The Glycan-seq system can reveal the glycan profile of the intact bacterial gut microbiota.
A review of electrochemical biosensor application in the detection of the SARS‐COV‐2
Authors: Jiang Chunying , Mu Xihui , Du Bin , Tong Zhaoyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the rapid spread and proliferation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide, highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seriously threatens human life and health. The rapid and accurate abilities to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 have become the key to prevent and control COVID‐19. Electrochemical sensors have shown broad application prospects in biological detection because of the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, and short time‐consuming. This review summarizes the application of electrochemical biosensors in detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 and discusses prospects for developing direction in this field.
The Association of Thyroid Hormones with Coronary Atherosclerotic
Severity in Euthyroid Patients
Authors: Yu Na , Wang Linjie , Zeng Yong , Zhao Yuxing , Chen Shi , Pan Hui , Gong Fengying , Zhu Huijuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of the work was to explore the correlation between thyroid hormones and
coronary atherosclerotic severity. This cross-sectional study included 340
euthyroid patients who underwent diagnostic coronary artery angiography (CAG).
Gensini Score (GS) was applied to assess the severity of coronary
atherosclerosis. Thyroid hormones and routine biochemical parameters were
measured. The associations between thyroid hormones and coronary atherosclerosis
severity were analyzed. Thyroid hormones levels or parameters were taken as both
continuous variables and tertiles into analysis, and the lowest tertile was
usually used as the reference (OR=1) for medium and highest tertiles.
Free triiodothyronine (FT3) level was associated with GS≥22 (Median GS)
in Model I adjusted for age and sex [Continuous: OR=0.46, 95% CI
(0.23, 0.92), p=0.029; Tertile 3: OR=0.54, 95% CI (0.30,
0.97), p=0.038], and Model II adjusted for all known risk factors of
coronary artery disease (CAD) [Continuous: OR=0.44, 95% CI
(0.20, 0.95), p=0.036; Tertile 3: OR=0.49, 95% CI (0.25,
0.96), p=0.039]. Subjects with highest tertile of FT3 to free thyroxine
(FT4) ratio (FT3/FT4 ratio) appeared to have the remarkably decreased
risk of CAD in both Non-adjusted Model [OR=0.49, 95% CI (0.24,
0.98), p=0.044] and Model I [OR=0.45, 95% CI (0.22,
0.93), p=0.031]. Higher FT3 level within normal range was independently
and negatively associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Besides,
FT3/FT4 ratio was remarkably correlated with the prevalence of CAD in
euthyroid population.
Colonização pré-operatória por Staphylococcus aureus e as bactérias não suscetíveis à cefalosporina, em pacientes com fratura proximal do fêmur
Authors: Bastos Leonardo R. , Almeida Mila M. , Marques Elizabeth A. , Leão Robson Souza 
Published: January 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Estimar a frequência da colonização por Staphylococcus aureus e as bactérias não suscetíveis à cefalosporina, em pacientes com fratura proximal do fêmur durante a internação pré-operatória.
Métodos Avaliação da prevalência e incidência em 63 pacientes hospitalizados ao longo de um ano. O tempo médio de internação pré-tratamento foi de 12 dias. As amostras foram coletadas das narinas, pele da virilha e mucosa anal, durante a internação prévia ao tratamento e testadas pela técnica de disco-difusão.
Resultados A incidência da colonização hospitalar e a prevalência de resultados positivos foram de 14,3% e 44,4% para Staphylococcus aureus; 3,2% e 6,4% para S. aureus resistente à meticilina; 28,6% e 85,7% para Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo resistente à meticilina; 28,6% e 61,9% para Enterobacteriaceae não suscetível à cefazolina (KFNSE); e 20,6% e 28,6% para Enterobacteriaceae não suscetível à cefuroxima (CXNSE). Além da duração do período de internação pré-tratamento, os pacientes não deambularam previamente à ocorrência da fratura e nem fizeram uso de antimicrobiano. Além disso, a duração do período de internação pré-tratamento cirúrgico, ser não-deambulador antes da fratura, uso de antimicrobianos, risco cirúrgico IV pela American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) e internação anterior, estiveram relacionados a um aumento na incidência de aquisição hospitalar e prevalência de colonização pelas cepas avaliadas. A prevalência de colonização pela KFNSE foi três vezes maior do que pela CXNSE na admissão e duas vezes maior no momento do tratamento da fratura.
Conclusão Observou-se uma alta incidência da colonização hospitalar e prevalência da colonização por todas as cepas estudadas, o que pode orientar a indicação de medidas profiláticas contra a infecção.
Γ

-convergence of Onsager–Machlup functionals: I. With applications to maximum a posteriori estimation in Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Ayanbayev Birzhan , Klebanov Ilja , Lie Han Cheng , Sullivan T J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Bayesian solution to a statistical inverse problem can be summarised by a mode of the posterior distribution, i.e. a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. The MAP estimator essentially coincides with the (regularised) variational solution to the inverse problem, seen as minimisation of the Onsager–Machlup (OM) functional of the posterior measure. An open problem in the stability analysis of inverse problems is to establish a relationship between the convergence properties of solutions obtained by the variational approach and by the Bayesian approach. To address this problem, we propose a general convergence theory for modes that is based on the Γ-convergence of OM functionals, and apply this theory to Bayesian inverse problems with Gaussian and edge-preserving Besov priors. Part II of this paper considers more general prior distributions.
Non-linear interaction of laser light with vacuum: contributions to the energy density and pressure in the presence of an intense magnetic field
Authors: Pérez-García M A , Pérez Martínez A , Rodríguez Querts E 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent simulations show that very large electric and magnetic fields near the kilo tesla strength will likely be generated by ultra-intense lasers at existing facilities over distances of hundreds of microns in underdense plasmas. Even stronger ones are expected in the future although some technical difficulties must be overcome. In addition, it has been shown that vacuum exhibits a peculiar non-linear behaviour in the presence of high magnetic and electric field strengths. In this work, we are interested in the analysis of the thermodynamical contributions of vacuum to the energy density and pressure when radiation interacts with it in the presence of an external magnetic field. Using the Euler–Heisenberg formalism in the regime of weak fields i.e. smaller than critical quantum electrodynamics field strength values, we evaluate these magnitudes and analyse the highly anisotropic behaviour we find. Our work has implications for photon–photon scattering with lasers and astrophysically magnetized underdense systems far outside their surface where matter effects are increasingly negligible.
Effects of edge biasing on blob dynamics and associated transport in the edge of the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Li W , Xu Y , Cheng J , Liu H , Chen Z P , Xu J Q , Wang X Q , Chen Z Y , Wang N C , Yang Z J , Ding Y H , Pan Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Effects of edge radial electric field

E
r

and

E
r

× B flow shear on edge turbulence and turbulent transport, in particular, on large-scale blobs and blobby transport have been investigated in the positive and negative biasing discharges in the J-TEXT tokamak. The results show that under certain conditions, the positive electrode biasing induces better plasma confinement than the negative biasing. Further studies reveal that in addition to flow shear effects on blob dynamics, the local radial electric field at the edge region plays a significant role in repulsion of the blobs and associated transport, leading to improvement of particle confinement when the outward motion of the blobs is blocked. The results are consistent with the existing theory on blob dynamics.
Plasma-based microwave power limitation in a printed transmission line: a self-consistent model compared with experimental data
Authors: Fuster Lucas , Hagelaar Gerjan , Pascaud Romain , Simon Antoine , Hoffmann Patrick , Liard Laurent , Pascal Olivier , Callegari Thierry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plasma-based microwave power limitation in a suspended microstrip transmission line integrating a micro hollow cathode discharge (MHCD) in its centre is experimentally and numerically studied. Transient and steady state microwave power measurements exhibit a limitation threshold of 28 dBm and time responses of 25 microseconds. Intensified charge-coupled device imaging shows that microwave breakdown occurs at the top of the MHCD. The plasma then extends towards the microwave source within the suspended microstrip transmission line. Besides, a self-consistent model is proposed to simulate the non-linear interaction between microwave and plasma. It gives numerical results in agreement with the measurements, and show that the plasma expansion during the transient response is related to a shift between the ionization source term and the electron density maximum. The propagation speed, under the tested conditions, depends mainly on the stepwise ionization from the excited states.
LoGHeD: an effective approach for negative differential resistance effect suppression in negative-capacitance transistors
Authors: Xie Ziqiang , Lü Weifeng , Guo Mengxue , Zhao Mengjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA negative capacitance transistor with fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) technology (NC-FDSOI) is one of the promising candidates for next-generation low-power devices. However, it suffers from the inherent negative differential resistance (NDR) effect, which is very detrimental to device and circuit designs. Aiming at overcoming this shortcoming, this paper proposes for the first time to use local Gaussian heavy doping technology (LoGHeD) in the channel near the drain side to suppress the NDR effect in the NC-FDSOI. The technical computer-aided design simulation results have validated that the output conductance (GDS) with LoGHeD, which is used to measure the NDR effect, increases compared to the conventional NC-FDSOI counterpart and approaches zero. With the increase in doping concentration, the inhibitory capability of the NDR effect shows a monotonously increasing trend. In addition, the proposed approach maintains and even enhances performances of the NC-FDSOI transistor regarding the electrical parameters, such as threshold voltage (VTH), sub-threshold swing, switching current ratio (ION/IOFF), and drain-induced barrier lowering.
Approximate field measures for ionic polymer-metal composite materials and a simplified order-of-magnitude actuator model
Authors: Olsen Zakai J , Kim Kwang J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As the field of soft robotics grows and new applications for this technology are discovered, the use of simplified models for the soft actuators found in these devices will be critical. In this study we explore arguments based on the magnitude of field gradients that arise in the ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) under large applied voltages and their use for approximating measures of the fields inside the polymer. Using the order-of-magnitude based arguments provides exceptional results for quantifying the field measures of maximum ionic concentration and electric potential within the bulk of the polymer. These measures are leveraged to reconstruct the fields themselves in such a way that the internal bending moments generated inside the actuator may be approximated. With the internal moments, a simplified kinematic model may be used to formulate the steady-state actuator response of the IPMC. This actuator model shows a great deal of accuracy as compared to a full multiphysics model, and we discuss the prospects for future development of this model to account for dynamic actuation.
Transverse instability of dust acoustic solitary waves in magnetized dusty plasma composed of vortex-like distribution ions
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wan Xiao-Huan , Zhou Yu-Shan , Ren Xue-Ping , Wang Jing , Fan Xiao-Bei , Shi Yu-Ren 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dynamical behaviors of dusty plasma can be described by a (3+1)-dimensional modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation (mZKE) when the distribution of ions is vortex-like. The critical stable conditions for the line solitons are obtained by the linear stability analysis, which are also confirmed by the nonlinear dynamic evolution. An interesting phenomenon is found from the numerical results, maybe the first time, that the unstable line solitons of the mZKE will evolve into one or more completely localized soliton(s) after a long time evolution. Subsequently, we numerically studied the collision process of two line solitons. The results show that two stable line solitons can restore to their original states. However, if one of the two solitons or both of them are unstable, one or more completely localized solitons will appear during the collision. The results indicate that there are both elastic and inelastic collisions between line solitons.
Biophysical and biochemical attributes of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes
Authors: Subbalakshmi Ayalur Raghu , Ashraf Bazella , Jolly Mohit Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological phenomenon associated with explicit phenotypic and molecular changes in cellular traits. Unlike the earlier-held popular belief of it being a binary process, EMT is now thought of as a landscape including diverse hybrid E/M phenotypes manifested by varying degrees of the transition. These hybrid cells can co-express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers and/or functional traits, and can possess the property of collective cell migration, enhanced tumor-initiating ability, and immune/targeted therapy-evasive features, all of which are often associated with worse patient outcomes. These characteristics of the hybrid E/M cells have led to a surge in studies that map their biophysical and biochemical hallmarks that can be helpful in exploiting their therapeutic vulnerabilities. This review discusses recent advances made in investigating hybrid E/M phenotype(s) from diverse biophysical and biochemical aspects by integrating live cell-imaging, cellular morphology quantification and mathematical modeling, and highlights a set of questions that remain unanswered about the dynamics of hybrid E/M states.
Energy and spectral analysis of confined solar flares from radio and X-ray observations
Authors: Tan Cheng-Ming , Klein Karl Ludwig , Yan Yi-Hua , Masuda Satoshi , Tan Bao-Lin , Huang Jing , Yuan Guo-Wu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The energy and spectral shape of radio bursts may help us understand the generation mechanism of solar eruptions, including solar flares, coronal mass ejections, eruptive filaments, and various scales of jets. The different kinds of flares may have different characteristics of energy and spectral distribution. In this work, we selected 10 mostly confined flare events during October 2014 to investigate their overall spectral behaviour and the energy emitted in microwaves by using radio observations from microwaves to interplanetary radio waves, and X-ray observations of GOES, RHESSI, and Fermi/GBM. We found that: all the confined flare events were associated with a microwave continuum burst extending to frequencies of 9.4 ∼ 15.4 GHz, and the peak frequencies of all confined flare events are higher than 4.995 GHz and lower than or equal to 17 GHz. The median value is around 9 GHz. The microwave burst energy (or fluence) and the peak frequency are found to provide useful criteria to estimate the power of solar flares. The observations imply that the magnetic field in confined flares tends to be stronger than that in 412 flares studied by Nita et al. (2004). All 10 events studied did not produce detectable hard X-rays with energies above ∼300 keV indicating the lack of efficient acceleration of electrons to high energies in the confined flares.
A more accurate Parameterization based on cosmic Age (MAPAge)
Authors: Huang Lu , Huang Zhi-Qi , Li Zhuo-Yang , Zhou Huan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, several statistically significant tensions between different cosmological datasets have raised doubts about the standard Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. A recent letter (Huang 2020) suggests to use “Parameterization based on cosmic Age” (PAge) to approximate a broad class of beyond-ΛCDM models, with a typical accuracy ∼1% in angular diameter distances at z ≲ 10. In this work, we extend PAge to a More Accurate Parameterization based on cosmic Age (MAPAge) by adding a new degree of freedom η
2. The parameter η
2 describes the difference between physically motivated models and their phenomenological PAge approximations. The accuracy of MAPAge, typically of order 10−3 in angular diameter distances at z ≲ 10, is significantly better than PAge. We compare PAge and MAPAge with current observational data and forecast data. The conjecture in Huang (2020), that PAge approximation is sufficiently good for current observations, is quantitatively confirmed in this work. We also show that the extension from PAge to MAPAge is important for future observations, which typically require sub-percent accuracy in theoretical predictions.
Integrated control of individual plasma scalars with simultaneous neoclassical tearing-mode suppression
Authors: Pajares Andres , Schuster Eugenio , Thome Kathreen E. , Welander Anders S. , Barr Jayson L. , Eidietis Nicholas W. , Humphreys David A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel integrated-control architecture has been tested in nonlinear, one-dimensional simulations using the control-oriented transport simulator (COTSIM©) and in DIII-D experiments. Integrated architectures that can perform continuous-mission control while also handling off-normal events will be vital in future reactor-grade tokamaks. Continuous-mission controllers for individual magnetic and kinetic scalars (thermal stored-energy (W), volume-average toroidal rotation (Ω
ϕ
), and safety factor profile (q) at different spatial locations) have been integrated in this work with event-triggered neoclassical tearing-mode (NTM) suppression controllers by combining them into an architecture augmented by a supervisory and exception handling (S&EH) system and an actuator management (AM) system. The AM system, which enables the integration of competing controllers, solves in real time a nonlinear optimization problem that takes into account the high-level control priorities dictated by the S&EH system. The resulting architecture offers a high level of integration and some of the functionalities that will be required to fulfill the advanced-control requirements anticipated for ITER. Initial simulations using COTSIM suggest that the plasma performance and its MHD stability may be improved under integrated feedback control. In addition, the integrated-control architecture has been implemented in the DIII-D plasma control system and tested experimentally for the first time ever in DIII-D in a high-q
min scenario, which is a candidate for steady-state operation in ITER.
Design and Implementation of Power Network Security Protection System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Yun Kai , Li Haosheng , Chen Jia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the progress of society, the power industry is also constantly developing. This puts forward higher requirements for the safety of our country’s power grid system. In order to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the power supply network and the economic rationality, stability and security, this article first elaborates the concept of network security and network security management, secondly, it analyzes the network security protection technology. Finally, it studies the design and implementation of a store network security protection system based on the Internet of Things.