bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid fusion precipitation bias correction approach for Yin‐He global spectral model
Authors: Hu Yi‐Fan , Yin Fu‐Kang , Zhang Wei‐Min , Deng Ke‐Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explored the performance of several fusion strategies for bias correction of precipitation on U‐Net‐based‐models and proposed a simple but efficient hybrid fusion strategy. The geopotential, vertical velocity, specific humidity and 3‐h cumulative precipitation from Yin‐He global spectral model (YHGSM) re‐forecast products are used as multiple correction factors, and the 3‐h cumulative precipitation calculated from ERA5 are used as labels. Experimental results reveal that, our hybrid fusion strategy can reduce the number of parameters by about 40% and obtain better fraction skill score (FSS) and threat score (TS). For TS of 0.1, 3.0, 10.0 and 20. 0 mm, U‐Net with hybrid fusion improves 31.8%, 97.0%, 314.0% and 576.0% than YHGSM, improves 1.3%, 3.0%, 3.6% and 10.5% than the classical U‐Net. This hybrid fusion strategy should provide a feasible approach to utilize multiple information inputs more efficiently in geophysics field.
Numerical investigation of mass transfer behavior of a gas–liquid two‐phase Taylor flow in a microchannel by a volume‐of‐fluid multiphase flow system
Authors: Zhong Qiuwen , Jiao Zhen , Nie Wenhui , Li Yan , Gu Ning 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe microchannel reactor is the most commonly used microreaction technology, an innovative reaction system developed in recent years. This study investigates the mass transfer behavior of a gas–liquid two‐phase Taylor flow in a microchannel by coupling the volume‐of‐fluid model and the species transport model. The concentration distribution and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the gas solute are determined and discussed in detail. The simulation results reveal that the double‐circulation flow influences the concentration distribution in the liquid slug. The highest value is observed at the bubble's surface and decreases rapidly along the vertical direction of the bubble. The increase of bubble velocity leads to a more apparent decreasing trend. The gas–liquid interface renewal rate of the bubble is accelerated with increasing bubble velocity, resulting in an increase in the average mass transfer rate in all regions of the bubble surface with an increase in bubble velocity. The results also indicate that the liquid film area contributes the most to the mass transfer behavior due to the most significant proportion and average mass transfer rate of the liquid film among the bubble.
Ballistic performance of novel design of bulletproof plates inspired by biomimetic approaches
Authors: Kayacan Mevlüt Yunus , Üzün Ahmet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal and polymer matrix composite materials are preferred in bulletproof applications due to their high‐impact resistance and lightness. Personal/demand‐specific designs that have become possible with the developing additive manufacturing technologies have brought a new perspective to armor technologies. At the same time, parts with complex structures designed with biomimetic approaches can be easily manufactured with additive manufacturing. In this study, biomimetic armors obtained from standard Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and Inconel 718 materials were compared with traditional armor structures. Within the scope of the study, 9 × 19 mm2 parabellum and 7.62 mm NATO bullets were impacted at 275 m/s and 600 m/s speeds on biomimetic and conventional armor consisting of three and five layers. Bullet velocities during impact, deformation of bullets, deformation of armor, and harmonic behavior are discussed. The results obtained were also used to calculate the damped impact energies. In the study, it was determined that biomimetic plates could absorb 22%–38% more impact energy. It has been determined that CFRP materials can absorb 45% more impact energy compared to Inconel 718.
Lung ultrasound to diagnose infectious pneumonia of newborns: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Ma Hai‐Ran , Deng Bi‐Ying , Liu Jing , Jiang Peng , Xu Yan‐Lei , Song Xiu‐Yun , Li Jie , Huang Li‐Han , Bao Ling‐Yun , Shan Rui‐Yan , Fu Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhether lung ultrasound (LUS) can be used for pathogenic diagnosis remains controversial. This study was conducted to clarify whether ultrasound has diagnostic value for etiology.MethodsA total of 135 neonatal pneumonia patients with an identified pathogen were enrolled from the newborn intensive care units of 10 tertiary hospitals in China. The study ran from November 2020 to December 2021. The infants were divided into various groups according to pathogens, time of infection, gestational age, and disease severity. The distribution of pleural line abnormalities, B‐line signs, and pulmonary consolidation, as well as the incidence of air bronchogram and pleural effusion based on LUS, were compared between these groups.ResultsThere were significant differences in pulmonary consolidation. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of severe pneumonia based on the extent of pulmonary consolidation were 83.3% and 85.2%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the identification of mild or severe pneumonia based on the distribution of pulmonary consolidation was 0.776.ConclusionLUS has good performance in diagnosing and differentiating the severity of neonatal pneumonia but cannot be used for pathogenic identification in the early stages of pneumonia.
In situ tools for chromatin structural epigenomics
Authors: Henikoff Steven , Ahmad Kami 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTechnological progress over the past 15 years has fueled an explosion in genome‐wide chromatin profiling tools that take advantage of low‐cost short‐read sequencing technologies to map particular chromatin features. Here, we survey the recent development of epigenomic tools that provide precise positions of chromatin proteins genome‐wide in intact cells or nuclei. Some profiling tools are based on tethering Micrococcal Nuclease to chromatin proteins of interest in situ, whereas others similarly tether Tn5 transposase to integrate DNA sequencing adapters (tagmentation) and so eliminate the need for library preparation. These in situ cleavage and tagmentation tools have gained in popularity over the past few years, with many protocol enhancements and adaptations for single‐cell and spatial chromatin profiling. The application of experimental and computational tools to address problems in gene regulation, eukaryotic development, and human disease are helping to define the emerging field of chromatin structural epigenomics.
Use of oxathiapiprolin for controlling soybean root rot caused by Phytophthora sojae: efficacy and mechanism of action
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Lv Xin , Wang Rongbo , He Zibin , Feng Wanzhen , Liu Wenjing , Yang Chenxiao , Wang Zhengyang , Ke Qihan , Tao Kezhu , Chen Qinghe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOxathiapiprolin is a new isoxazoline fungicide developed by DuPont to control oomycete diseases. Although oxathiapiprolin has shown strong inhibitory activity against oomycete pathogens, little is known about its ability to control Phytophthora sojae.ResultsOxathiapiprolin showed high inhibitory activity against Phytophthora sojae, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 1.15 × 10−4 to 4.43 × 10−3 μg mL−1. Oxathiapiprolin inhibited various stages of Phytophthora sojae development, including mycelial growth, sporangium formation, oospore production, and zoospore release. Electron microscopy studies revealed that oxathiapiprolin caused severe morphological and ultrastructural damage to Phytophthora sojae. Oxathiapiprolin affected the cell membrane and wall of Phytophthora sojae, making it more sensitive to osmotic and cell wall stress. Oxathiapiprolin exhibited translocation activity; it was absorbed by soybean roots and then translocated to the leaves. It was effective at reducing soybean Phytophthora root rot under glasshouse and field conditions. Both fungicide seed treatment and foliar spray significantly reduced disease incidence and yield losses compared with untreated controls in the field.ConclusionOxathiapiprolin exhibits high inhibitory activity against Phytophthora sojae, and has multiple mechanisms of action including severe mycelial damage and modulation of osmotic and cell wall stress. These results indicate that oxathiapiprolin can be used at low concentrations for highly effective management of soybean Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora sojae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimized adaptive event‐triggered tracking control for multi‐agent systems with full‐state constraints
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Pan Yingnan , Sun Jize , Tan Lihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, the event‐triggered optimized adaptive tracking control problem is investigated for a class of multi‐agent systems subject to full‐state constraints. To address the full‐state constraints problem, a nonlinear mapping technique is applied, which can release the feasibility conditions for virtual controllers. Based on the mean‐value theorem, the nonaffine nonlinear terms generated by transformed system are separated, which overcomes the obstacle of solving optimized solution. The neural network based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm with the identifier‐critic‐actor architecture is introduced to obtain the optimal solution of systems with unknown dynamics. It is worth noting that the RL algorithm in this article is simplified, which can reduce the computational burden. To reducing the communication burden, an event‐triggered mechanism with time‐varying threshold related to the optimized control signal is developed. By applying the Lyapunov stability method, it is proved that the desired optimized tracking performance and the stability of the closed‐loop systems can be guaranteed. Finally, a simulation example demonstrates that the proposed control strategy is effective.
Da Vinci's yeast: Blastobotrys davincii f.a., sp. nov
Authors: Visagie Cobus M. , Boekhout Teun , Theelen Bart , Dijksterhuis Jan , Yilmaz Neriman , Seifert Keith A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new species of the yeast genus Blastobotrys was discovered during a worldwide survey of culturable xerophilic fungi in house dust. Several culture‐dependent and independent studies from around the world detected the same species from a wide range of substrates including indoor air, cave wall paintings, bats, mummies, and the iconic self‐portrait of Leonardo da Vinci from ca 1512. However, none of these studies identified their strains, clones, or OTUs as Blastobotrys. We introduce the new species as Blastobotrys davincii f.a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS H‐24879) and delineate it from other species using morphological, phylogenetic, and physiological characters. The new species of asexually (anamorphic) budding yeast is classified in Trichomonascaceae and forms a clade along with its associated sexual state genus Trichomonascus. Despite the decade‐old requirement to use a single generic name for fungi, both names are still used. Selection of the preferred name awaits a formal nomenclatural proposal. We present arguments for adopting Blastobotrys over Trichomonascus and introduce four new combinations as Blastobotrys allociferrii (≡ Candida allociferrii), B. fungorum (≡ Sporothrix fungorum), B. mucifer (≡ Candida mucifera), and Blastobotrys vanleenenianus (≡ Trichomonascus vanleenenianus). We provide a nomenclatural review and an accepted species list for the 37 accepted species in the Blastobotrys/Trichomonascus clade. Finally, we discuss the identity of the DNA clones detected on the da Vinci portrait, and the importance of using appropriate media to isolate xerophilic or halophilic fungi.
Significance of non‐Fourier flux on a chemically reactive ternary hybrid nanofluid flow (water + Al2O3 + ZnO + Fe3O4) by a quadratically radiated tended elongating surface
Authors: Ramakrishna Suresh Babu , Avula Sreevallabha Reddy , Sadananda Mamatha Upadhya , Macherla Jayachandra Babu , Chakravarthula S. K. Raju 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study compares the dynamics of dissipative water–alumina–zinc oxide–iron (II, III) oxide ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) and water–alumina–zinc oxide binary hybrid nanofluid flows across an inclined surface when quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction are important. This report presents the governing equations for the transportation of both dynamics using the thermo‐physical properties of water (base fluid), alumina nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles and iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles. To analyse heat transmission phenomena, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model was added into the energy equation. With proper similarity transformations, flow‐driven equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c solver. Slope of linear regression (SLR) is used to determine the rate at which physical parameters increase or decrease as a result of the influence of relevant factors. It is noticed that, when volume percent of nanoparticles (ϕ1) takes input in the range , skin friction coefficient decreases at a rate of 16.548 (in case of THNF) and 14.2018 (in case of binary hybrid nanofluid) per unit value of volume percent of nanoparticles. It is detected that when radiation parameter increases, Nusselt number decreases. The decrement rates are observed as 2.9451 (in case of THNF) and 1.15337 (in case of binary hybrid nanofluid) when radiation parameter takes input in the range . Furthermore, it is noticed that, when chemical reaction parameter increases, Sherwood number increases. The increment rates are observed as 0.1259 (in case of THNF) and 1.1263 (in case of binary hybrid nanofluid) when chemical reaction parameter takes input in the range . There was also good agreement in a validation study between the current and previous results.
Electrodynamics from the viewpoint of modern continuum theory—A review
Authors: Müller Wolfgang H. , Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Eremeyev Victor A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper wants to draw attention to several issues in electrodynamic field theory and to make way for a rational continuum approach to the subject. The starting point are the balances for magnetic flux and electric charge, both in a very general formulation for volumes and for open surfaces, all of which can deform and be immaterial or material. The spatial point‐of‐view for the description of fields is favored and its advantages in comparison to the concept of material particles is explained. A straightforward answer to the question of how to choose units for the electromagnetic fields most suitably is also presented. The transformation properties of the electromagnetic fields are addressed by rewriting the balances in space–time notation. Special attention is paid to the connection between the two sets of electromagnetic fields through the so‐called Maxwell–Lorentz–æther relations. The paper ends with an outlook into constitutive theory of matter under the influence of electromagnetic fields and a discussion on curious developments in context with Maxwell's equations.
Introduction
Authors: Sladoje Nataša , Miura Kota 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBioimage analysis is often regarded as a technical task that can be solved simply by the development of new and more sophisticated image processing algorithms. This may be true to a large extent, but the complexity encountered in the actual usage of those algorithms during the analysis leads to a number of challenges that leave researchers with a thought that “Bioimage analysis is difficult”.
GPU-Accelerating ImageJ Macro Image Processing Workflows Using CLIJ
Authors: Vorkel Daniela , Haase Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces GPU-accelerated image processing in ImageJ/Fiji. The reader is expected to have some pre-existing knowledge of ImageJ Macro programming. Core concepts such as variables, for-loops, and functions are essential. The chapter provides basic guidelines for improved performance in typical image processing workflows.
i.2.i. with the (Fruit) Fly: Quantifying Position Effect Variegation in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Cinquin Bertrand , Kao Joyce Y. , Siegal Mark L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany of the methods developed for the analysis of bioimages focus on microscopy images on the cellular level. However, bioimages can also be used by biologists to assess non-cellular level morphological phenotypes. Collecting non-cellular images and developing image workflows for them is similar to working with microscopic images, but also has its unique challenges.
Global Quantum Sensor Networks as Probes of the Dark Sector
Authors: Derevianko Andrei , Pustelny Szymon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost dark matter searches to date employ a single sensor for detection. In this chapter, we explore the power of distributed networks in dark matter searches. Compared to a single sensor, networks offer several advantages, such as the ability to probe spatiotemporal signatures of the putative signal and, as a result, an improved rejection of false positives, better sensitivity, and improved confidence in the dark matter origin of the sought-after signal. We illustrate our general discussion with two examples: (1) the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME) and (2) the constellation of atomic clocks on board satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Laboratory Searches for Exotic Spin-Dependent Interactions
Authors: Geraci Andrew A. , Shin Yun Chang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe possible existence of exotic spin-dependent interactions with ranges from the subatomic scale to astrophysical scales has been of great theoretical interest for the last few decades. Typically, these exotic interactions are mediated by ultralight bosons with very weak coupling strength. If they indeed exist, such long-range interactions would indicate new physics beyond the Standard Model. A wide variety of experimental tests have been made to search for novel long-range spin-dependent interactions. Most experimental searches have focused on monopole-dipole or dipole-dipole interactions that could be induced by the exchange of ultralight bosons such as axions or axionlike particles. These ultralight bosons could also provide an answer to some of the most challenging problems in modern particle physics and astronomy: for example, the strong-CP problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), where C represents the charge conjugate symmetry and P represents the parity symmetry, and the explanation of dark matter and dark energy. In this chapter, we discuss the theoretical motivations as well as experimental searches for exotic spin-dependent interactions mediated by ultralight bosons in recent decades. We also introduce ongoing experimental efforts, such as Axion Resonant InterAction DetectioN Experiment (ARIADNE) and the QUest for AXion (QUAX)-gsgp experiment. The high sensitivities of these tests will allow vast expansion of the discovery potential for exotic spin-dependent interactions.
Kognition und Kraftfahreignung bei chronischem Schmerzsyndrom
Authors: Schmidt J. , Weisbrod M. , Fritz M. , Aschenbrenner S. 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungKognitive Auffälligkeiten bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen finden in wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zunehmend Beachtung. Die Folgen dieser kognitiven Störungen in Bezug auf die Schmerzbewältigung, die Alltagsgestaltung und die Kraftfahreignung werden in der klinischen Praxis jedoch kaum berücksichtigt, obwohl die Hälfte aller Patienten davon betroffen ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst die aktuelle Studienlage zusammen und diskutiert Möglichkeiten der Integration in die klinische und therapeutische Versorgung.
Influence of welding parameters and surface preparation on thin copper–copper sheets welded by ultrasonic welding process
Authors: Nunes Rafael , Faes Koen , De Meester Sylvia , De Waele Wim , Kubit Andrzej 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltrasonic welding is increasingly used in industry. In this paper, the influence of ultrasonic welding parameters (USW) on the joint strength and quality was analysed. The properties of the USW joints depend on many factors. The work focuses on the influence of the technological parameters and the surface properties of welded EN Cu-ETP copper sheets with a thickness of 1 mm. The impact of the process parameters, such as welding time, pressure, vibration amplitude and the surface roughness on the lap shear strength and the metallographic weld properties was analysed. The welding energy for each variant was also determined. The research was conducted on the basis of a full factorial design of experiments. The optimal process parameters were determined to obtain high-quality joints in terms of strength and weld quality. Based on the presented experimental study, it was demonstrated that the ultrasonic vibration amplitude has the greatest impact on the joint strength. A surface preparation with acetone resulted in the highest tensile strength and welding energy and, making any additional surface treatment prior to welding unnecessary.
Appropriate grape color estimation based on metric learning for judging harvest timing
Authors: Amemiya Tatsuyoshi , Leow Chee Siang , Buayai Prawit , Makino Koji , Mao Xiaoyang , Nishizaki Hiromitsu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe color of a bunch of grapes is a very important factor when determining the appropriate time for harvesting. However, judging whether the color of the bunch is appropriate for harvesting requires experience and the result can vary by individuals. In this paper, we describe a system to support grape harvesting based on color estimation using deep learning. To estimate the color of a bunch of grapes, bunch detection, grain detection, removal of pest grains, and color estimation are required, for which deep learning-based approaches are adopted. In this study, YOLOv5, an object detection model that considers both accuracy and processing speed, is adopted for bunch detection and grain detection. For the detection of diseased grains, an autoencoder-based anomaly detection model is also employed. Since color is strongly affected by brightness, a color estimation model that is less affected by this factor is required. Accordingly, we propose multitask learning that uses metric learning. The color estimation model in this study is based on AlexNet. Metric learning was applied to train this model. Brightness is an important factor affecting the perception of color. In a practical experiment using actual grapes, we empirically selected the best three image channels from RGB and CIELAB (L*a*b*) color spaces and we found that the color estimation accuracy of the proposed multi-task model, the combination with “L” channel from L*a*b color space and “GB” from RGB color space for the grape image (represented as “LGB” color space), was 72.1%, compared to 21.1% for the model which used the normal RGB image. In addition, it was found that the proposed system was able to determine the suitability of grapes for harvesting with an accuracy of 81.6%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed system.