bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Dynamic Update of Fuzzy Random Forests
Authors: Pascual-Fontanilles Jordi , Valls Aida , Moreno Antonio , Romero-Aroca Pedro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFuzzy random forests are well-known machine learning classification mechanisms based on a collection of fuzzy decision trees. An advantage of using fuzzy rules is the possibility to manage uncertainty and to work with linguistic scales. Fuzzy random forests achieve a good classification performance in many problems, but their quality decreases when they face a classification problem with imbalanced data between classes. In some applications, e.g., in medical diagnosis, the classifier is used continuously to classify new instances. In that case, it is possible to collect new examples during the use of the classifier, which can later be taken into account to improve the set of fuzzy rules. In this work, we propose a new iterative method to update the set of trees in the fuzzy random forest by considering trees generated from small sets of new examples. Experiments have been done with a dataset of diabetic patients to predict the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, and with a dataset about occupancy of an office room. With the proposed method, it has been possible to improve the results obtained when using only standard fuzzy random forests.
ESTIMATION OF FUTURE DISCRETIONARY BENEFITS IN TRADITIONAL LIFE INSURANCE
Authors: Gach Florian , Hochgerner Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the context of life insurance with profit participation, the future discretionary benefits (FDB), which are a central item for Solvency II reporting, are generally calculated by computationally expensive Monte Carlo algorithms. We derive analytic formulas to estimate lower and upper bounds for the FDB. This yields an estimation interval for the FDB, and the average of lower and upper bound is a simple estimator. These formulae are designed for real world applications, and we compare the results to publicly available reporting data.
Sudan’s Normalization with Israel: A Break with the Past or Another Phase of Extraversion?
Authors: Tawfik Rawia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSudan’s decision to normalize relations with Israel sparked controversy about its reasons for doing so and the potential impact on the country’s fragile political transition. The decision was mostly attributed to American pressures, new regional alliances, and Sudan’s economic crisis. Tawfik offers a different perspective by linking Sudan’s normalization with Israel to domestic power rivalries, suggesting that Sudanese political actors at critical historical moments have sought Israeli patronage to strengthen their power positions and exploring the potential implications of normalization on civil-military relations. In addition to relying on secondary sources, Tawfik draws conclusions based on official documents and interviews with Sudanese officials published by various news outlets.
A Simulation Model of Escapable and Non-Escapable Areas from Which Pregnant Women Can Reach Tsunami Evacuation Buildings: The Case in 110 Elementary School Districts in Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan
Authors: Miyagawa Shoko , Hattori Ritsuko , Hattori Kanetoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of this study was to establish a method for evaluating the possibility of pregnant women evacuating to tsunami evacuation buildings in coastal areas affected by tsunami.

Methods:
We used data published by the Japanese government and a general-purpose geographic information system to develop a simulation method for evaluating the possibility of evacuation. The data included the number of pregnant women in each elementary school district, tsunami inundation forecast maps, location information of tsunami evacuation buildings, and the number of ordinary buildings. We used our method to conduct a tsunami evacuation possibility simulation for pregnant women in each elementary school district in 7 wards of Nagoya, Japan.

Results:
Dense population areas at low elevations are high-risk areas from which many pregnant women may not be able to evacuate. Districts with evenly distributed tsunami evacuation buildings tend to have a lower risk.

Conclusions:
The proposed simulation method was able to determine the risk in elementary school districts in densely populated low-lying areas. However, it is suggested that the risk tends to be estimated higher in school districts where there are differences in elevation and the building distribution is not uniform.
Notable Crustacea (Mysida, Amphipoda and Decapoda) from England's deepest and most remote Marine Conservation Zone
Authors: Ashelby Christopher W. , McIlwaine Paul , Callaway Alex , Pears Søren 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA recent survey of The Canyons Marine Conservation Zone provided noteworthy records of several crustacean species, which are presented here. The geographic or bathymetric ranges of several species are considerably extended, while the genus Rhachotropis, which has not previously been reported from British waters, is represented by two species. Other species that were previously only known in British waters from very few, often historical, records are also reported.
‘You probably have a parasite’: Neoliberal risk and the discursive construction of the body in the wellness industry
Authors: Eberhardt Maeve 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, I ask how the body is discursively constructed within the wellness industry. I analyze a corpus of articles from the Goop franchise, examining how bodies are constructed, and how subjects are impelled to act within contemporary neoliberal risk culture. Corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis reveals that the body is ultimately constructed as unwell and at risk, by virtue of its presence in the environment. Faced with this inescapable risk, the neoliberal citizen is responsible for managing the self in ever-increasing domains. I link the particularities of this discursive embodiment to larger cultural imperatives of self-surveillance, discipline, and control, and argue that it is particularly a white female subject who is interpellated within this discourse. Throughout, the wellness industry is revealed as propelling the interminable cycle of the project of the self, and as a contemporary mechanism for the reproduction of docile white female bodies. (Discursive embodiment, neoliberal ideology, risk society, corpus analysis, critical discourse analysis, feminist critique)*
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of light on Cereus repandus (Cactaceae) seed germination are strongly dependent on spectral quality
Authors: Yang X-Y. , Pritchard Hugh W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn small seeds, light often promotes germination and longer-term exposure to darkness reduces light sensitivity. In cacti inhabiting harsh environments, a rapid response to light exposure is potentially advantageous for seedling establishment. We exposed dark-imbibed seeds of the cactus Cereus repandus to doses of red (RED) light and far-red (FR) light. The seeds exhibited positive photoblastism to RED light. Although the initial levels of germination varied between seed lots, the sensitivity to increasing the RED dose did not. As little as 5 min per day for 4 d was sufficient to saturate the light requirement for germination. The effects of RED light were reversed by FR exposure as long as the interval between RED and FR did not extend to 2 d, by which time the seeds had ‘committed’ to germinate. Dark incubation for 1–2 weeks prior to RED exposure reduced light sensitivity in two seed lots, such that RED only promoted around 20% germination. Phytochrome is assumed to mediate the reversibility of the RED:FR response. High sensitivity to light spectral quality suggests that seeds of C. repandus are able to germinate quickly in high-quality microsites, but seed burial or shading may commit the seeds to form a soil seed bank. The light characteristics of the germination trait in this species are typical of many small seeded species of the drylands.
A deep learning method to predict ankle joint moment during walking at different speeds with ultrasound imaging: A framework for assistive devices control
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Fragnito Natalie , Bao Xuefeng , Sharma Nitin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Robotic assistive or rehabilitative devices are promising aids for people with neurological disorders as they help regain normative functions for both upper and lower limbs. However, it remains challenging to accurately estimate human intent or residual efforts non-invasively when using these robotic devices. In this article, we propose a deep learning approach that uses a brightness mode, that is, B-mode, of ultrasound (US) imaging from skeletal muscles to predict the ankle joint net plantarflexion moment while walking. The designed structure of customized deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) guarantees the convergence and robustness of the deep learning approach. We investigated the influence of the US imaging’s region of interest (ROI) on the net plantarflexion moment prediction performance. We also compared the CNN-based moment prediction performance utilizing B-mode US and sEMG spectrum imaging with the same ROI size. Experimental results from eight young participants walking on a treadmill at multiple speeds verified an improved accuracy by using the proposed US imaging + deep learning approach for net joint moment prediction. With the same CNN structure, compared to the prediction performance by using sEMG spectrum imaging, US imaging significantly reduced the normalized prediction root mean square error by 37.55% (

$ p $

< .001) and increased the prediction coefficient of determination by 20.13% (

$ p $

< .001). The findings show that the US imaging + deep learning approach personalizes the assessment of human joint voluntary effort, which can be incorporated with assistive or rehabilitative devices to improve clinical performance based on the assist-as-needed control strategy.
First Observations of Seasonal Variability in Water Mass Properties Across the Agulhas Current
Authors: Braby Laura , Deshayes Julie , Beal Lisa , Morris Tamaryn , Novelli Guillaume , Maitland James , Ansorge Isabelle , Hermes Juliet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe seasonal variability of Agulhas Current properties is not well understood because there have been few data collected during austral winter. Here we analyze 8 repeat hydrographic sections that have been collected across the Agulhas Current at 34°S over the past decade, including the first full‐depth winter surveys of the Agulhas Current, collected in 2016 and 2018. Several differences between the summer and winter occupations of the current are observed which can be attributed to seasonal variability. The most significant difference is the upward shoaling of central waters onto the continental shelf in the summer. These waters flood the shelf with nutrients and oxygen during the summer months, when the Agulhas Current is strongest, but not during winter. Over the top 100 m of the water column seasonality is dominated by surface fluxes, with warmer waters in summer. Immediately below the surface, however, waters are warmer during winter because of the mixing down of Tropical Surface Waters into the deepening mixed layer. Throughout the Agulhas Current at central and intermediate depths waters are cooler in summer and this is due to the upward tilt of the isopycnals, consistent with stronger geostrophic transport. Seasonality is also evident at depth, where North Atlantic Deep Water has a stronger equatorward flow during winter when the Agulhas Current is weaker and shallower.
Densely Connected Squeeze‐and‐Excitation Convolutional Encoder‐Decoder Networks for Identifying Preferential Channels in Highly Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Zhou Zhengkun , Shi Liangsheng , Zha Yuanyuan , Wang Shuixian , Xu Baokun , Tian Lei , Zhang Lanhui , Tian Jie , Yang Ruiting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn highly heterogeneous formations, the preferential channels (PC) that usually exist can dramatically change the transport dynamics of a solute plume. Identifying PC is vital to delineate contaminant transport and conduct the environmental risk analysis. Conventional methods usually depend on the solution of the governing equations for flow and transport and struggle with high computational costs. In this paper, we transform PC identification into a particular semantic segmentation task for the first time and build a densely connected squeeze‐and‐excitation convolutional encoder‐decoder network. A training strategy combining segmentation loss and new regression loss (index distance loss) is used to improve the identification of PC locations. We evaluate the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed deep learning model with conductivity fields with different variances. A new connectivity indicator (connectivity ratio) is proposed to describe the connectivity area of a field. The network trained by conductivity fields with larger variances (higher heterogeneity) produces better PC identification and has a stronger generalizability. A conductivity field with a large variance usually has small connected areas and induces tortuous and long PC. The small connected areas restrict the generation of multiple PCs. This makes the model learn discriminative features easily. And the long PC increase its length, which means an increasing of the number of positive pixels in training samples. Finally, we compare the model with the stream function and minimum resistance methods. The results show that the deep learning model is an efficient method and can provide more connectivity information than the other two methods.
A Perspective on Substorm Dynamics Using 10 Years of Auroral Kilometric Radiation Observations From Wind
Authors: Waters J. E. , Jackman C. M. , Whiter D. K. , Forsyth C. , Fogg A. R. , Lamy L. , Cecconi B. , Bonnin X. , Issautier K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study 10 years (1995–2004 inclusive) of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) radio emission data from the Wind spacecraft to examine the link between AKR and terrestrial substorms. We use substorm lists based on parameters including ground magnetometer signatures and geosynchronous particle injections as a basis for superposed epoch analyses of the AKR data. The results for each list show a similar, clear response of the AKR power around substorm onset. For nearly all event lists, the average response shows that the AKR power begins to increase around 20 min prior to expansion phase onset, as defined by the respective lists. The analysis of the spectral parameters of AKR bursts show that this increase in power is due to an extension of the source region to higher altitudes, which also precedes expansion phase onset by 20 min. Our observations show that the minimum frequency channel that observes AKR at this time, on average, is 60 kHz. AKR visibility is highly sensitive to observing spacecraft location, and the biggest radio response to substorm onset is seen in the 21:00–03:00 hr local time sector.
Peak‐Height Distribution of Equatorial Ionospheric Plasma Bubbles: Analysis and Modeling of C/NOFS Satellite Observations
Authors: Joshi Dev R. , Groves Keith M. , Retterer John M. , Carrano Charles. S. , Roddy Patrick A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present the first observational determination of statistical limits on the rise of equatorial plasma bubbles as a function of solar flux. We analyzed in situ electron density data collected onboard the Communications/Navigations Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite to characterize the distribution of peak altitudes of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles. We first describe our algorithm for detecting ionospheric irregularities within the observations and then use a series of statistical simulations to identify and compensate for the sampling biases inherent in observations from a single satellite in a low‐inclination elliptical orbit. The simulations also confirmed that space‐based orbital platforms such as the C/NOFS satellite undersample the existing irregularities in the ionosphere and provide a measure of the satellite’s inefficiency in observing those naturally occurring irregularities. In deducing the variation of the peak‐height distributions of the irregularities with solar activity, we find that the median maximum height of the bubbles increases linearly from about 490 km at the solar minimum (2008) to 740 km during the (2014) solar maximum in the longitude sector 80°W–10°E. The results will be valuable for the development of improved scintillation mapping models for both real‐time and postprocessing applications. We also confirm our observational findings with modeling results from a physics‐based model, allowing us to identify field‐line‐integrated Pedersen conductance as the key determinant of terminal bubble altitude: a bubble will cease to rise further when the conductance inside the bubble is equal to that of the background ionosphere.
Statistical Analysis of Pi2 Pulsations Observed by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Takahashi Kazue , Lysak Robert , Vellante Massimo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe relative importance of propagating and cavity mode waves remains an important question regarding the generation of Pi2 pulsations detected on the ground. To determine the wave mode, we statistically generate spatial maps of magnetospheric oscillations that are coherent with ground Pi2 pulsations. The magnetospheric observations were made by the two Van Allen Probes spacecraft over a 7‐year period. The amount and quality of the spacecraft data allow us to investigate the mode structure of Pi2 pulsation in ways that were not possible in previous studies. We use the H component of low‐latitude ground Pi2 pulsations detected in the 22–02 magnetic local time (MLT) sector as the reference signal to generate L‐MLT and meridional maps of the coherence, amplitude, and phase of the magnetospheric electric and magnetic field components defined in magnetic field aligned coordinates. We identify low‐frequency and high‐frequency components in Pi2 power spectra, and we are able to determine the mode structure of the high‐frequency events for the first time. The maps demonstrate that the poloidal components have higher coherence than the toroidal components. For each frequency component, the maps of the poloidal components agree with those of cavity mode oscillations obtained in a numerical simulation using realistic models for the magnetospheric mass density and magnetic field. This result is conclusive evidence of the cavity mode nature of Pi2 pulsations detected in the inner magnetosphere.
Low Frequency Plasmaspheric Hiss Wave Activity Parameterized by Plasmapause Location: Models and Simulations
Authors: Saikin A. A. , Drozdov A. Y. , Malaspina D. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlasmaspheric hiss waves are a dominant source of scattering for keV‐MeV radiation belt electrons within the plasmasphere. Previous simulation and modeling work concerning hiss waves has often incorporated them via particle‐based parameterizations (e.g., L‐shell). However, recent work has shown that not only is hiss wave power loosely dependent on L‐shell, but that proximity to the plasmapause may yield more accurate wave power distributions as it pertains to the modeling and scattering of electrons. This work serves to expand upon those previous studies by creating a low frequency (20–150 Hz) hiss wave model and incorporating a previously crafted high frequency (>150 Hz) hiss wave model based on plasmapause location, proximity to the plasmapause, and Kp activity level. Diffusion coefficients created using this method produced shorter lifetimes for electrons between ∼300 keV and 4 MeV than their L‐sorted counterparts. Furthermore, 3D‐simulations using and comparing the different hiss wave models (plasmapause sorting vs. L‐sorting) find that the plasmapause‐based approach yields more accurate results when compared to Van Allen Probe‐A observations.
Three‐Dimensional Electrical Structure and Magma System of the Monogenetic Longgang Volcanic Field, Northeast China, Inferred From Broadband Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Zhao Lingqiang , Hu Yaxuan , Zhan Yan , Sun Xiangyu , Wang Qingliang , Zhu Yiqing , Cao Cong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Longgang volcanic field (LVF) is one of the largest intraplate monogenetic volcanic regions in China, and eruption lasted from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene. Previous research shows that the LVF is not only experiencing rapid surface uplift but also significant seismic activity. The magmatic system under the LVF poses a hazard of potential eruption. The three‐dimensional electrical resistivity model developed by magnetotelluric data shows that the upper crust of the LVF and the surrounding areas hosts a high‐resistivity body composed of volcanic rocks produced by massive eruptions during past volcanic episodes. There are two main high‐conductivity structures below the depth of 10 km in the southwest and northeast of the LVF. The two structures merge in the lower crust and extend to the mantle. We interpret these high‐conductivity structures to be magmatic channels (the resistivity of C1 is 20–50 and C2 is 5–20 Ωm). Magmatic channel upwelling along the C1 may have caused the eruption of the Jinlongdingzi volcano 1,700 years ago. The C2 magmatic channel in the northeast of the LVF is larger and lower resistivity than C1. The modern surface uplift and seismicity in the LVF is a result of upwelling and intrusion along C2 magmatic channel. The Hunjiang fault passing through the LVF may also influence the upwelling of material along the C2 magmatic channel, posing a hazard of future eruption in the LVF. The high‐conductivity structures in the LVF pass through the Moho and extend to the upper mantle and are connected from the top to bottom. Combined with geochemical data, we speculate that the magmatic system in the LVF may directly come from the upper mantle and the magma has experienced rapid ascent with limited crustal internal evolution.
The Enhancement of Submesoscale Ageostrophic Motion on the Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Chunhua , Yang Zihao , Wang Dongxiao , Feng Ming , Su Jingzhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAgeostrophic motion regulates the transformation of energy between large‐scale geostrophic motion and dissipate scale motion. By combining surface drifters and satellite altimeter data, we present the characteristics of the submesoscale ageostrophic motion (SMAM) with a temporal scale of 2–7 day in the South China Sea (SCS). The SMAM enhances the strength of the mesoscale eddies, inducing negative vorticity for anticyclonic eddies and positive vorticity for cyclonic eddies. Spatially, SMAM is significant and explains more than 20% of the total kinetic energy in the Kuroshio branch zone. The geostrophic eddy kinetic energy is higher in western SCS than the Kuroshio zone, but the submesoscale EKE is lower, which is suggested to be influenced by the developing stage of mesoscale eddies. The dominant oscillation period of SMAM in the SCS and northwestern Pacific is 7‐to 30 day intraseasonal variation. This spatiotemporal scale of SMAM is expected to be a good indicator for the simulation of oceanic circulation in submesoscale eddy‐resolving models.