bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
026 Croydon neurology: our DGH specialist nurse delivered lumbar puncture (LP) service
Authors: Schon Fred , Nitkunan Arani , Boodhoo Ajay , Bagtas Creselda 
Published: August 2022

Demand for LPs in neurology is increasing in diagnostics, therapeutics and in assisting inexperienced junior doctors in acute medicine, necessitating good DGH based services.Specialist nurses with an interest in multiple sclerosis or headaches seem obvious choices for this role.We report our 30 months experience (May 2019-December 2021) of 138 LPs (initial 20 under training super- vision), average 4/month, range 0-7.Main putative diagnoses were MS 88 and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) 34. Failure rate was 18/138 – 8/34 in IIH patients and 10/104 in the others.Follow up phone calls to over 90% of patients revealed only 4 prominent post LP headaches none of whom needed a blood patch.The delay from request to LP being carried out was 3 days to 3 weeks, average 2 weeks.UK neurological services are increasingly moving from regional centres to DGHs. Little attention has been given to the training and delivery of DGH LP services. GIRFT recently suggested DGHs consider estab- lishing such a service. Our experience shows a dedicated specialist nurse supported by an interested Consultant can provide an excellent service and that the demand in a typical DGH is sufficient to justify establishing such a service.
029 Botulinum toxin injections into the urethral sphincter for managing urinary retention in Fowler’s syndrome
Authors: Ananthavarathan Piriyankan , Malladi Prasad , Pakzad Mahreen , Simeoni Sara , Panicker Jalesh 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundFowler’s Syndrome typically presents as chronic urinary retention in young women, charac- terised by poor urethral sphincter relaxation. Standard treatment sacral neuromodulation is invasive and may not necessarily be appropriate for all patients.AimsTo evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injections into the urethral sphincter in women with Fowler’s syndromeResults17 women (mean age 36.9±12.4 years) diagnosed with Fowler’s Syndrome (abnormal urethral sphincter EMG and/or elevated urethral pressure profile) unsuitable for sacral neuromodulation received 100U botulinum toxin injected EMG-guided into the external urethral sphincter between 2020-21. 48 injec- tions were administered: 9 patients received >1 injection (median 4 injections/patient, median interval 3.50 months).12 women (71%) reported improvements following 37 injections (77%): 62% reported reduced need for self-catheterisation, 32% became catheter-free, and 8% reported improved urinary flow. Mean IPSS score (n=6) improved from 20.5 to 12.83, while Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency score significantly improved from 0.87 to 2.03 (p<0.05). Only mild side effects were reported: transient stress incontinence (n=3), short-lasting pain and bleeding (n=3), increased urgency incontinence (n=2).ConclusionMinimally-invasive urethral sphincter botulinum toxin injections significantly improve urinary symptoms among women with Fowler’s syndrome and is well tolerated.
040 Diagnosing primary brain tumours a retrospective audit at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
Authors: Munasinghe Chathura , Parylo Jacek , Hayton Tom , Ranasinghe Thamala 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPrimary brain tumours (PBTs) are rare, but they can have devastating impacts. Early diagnosis and treatment of PBTs can lead to improved patient outcomes. This audit analysed the proportion of PBT patients referred from primary care by the urgent 2-week wait pathway to the neuro-oncology multi-dis- ciplinary team (MDT) at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (QEHB).MethodsNeuro-oncology MDT data at the QEHB was reviewed retrospectively. A random number generator was used to select patients until a sample size of 50 was achieved. Inclusion criteria were patients presenting with a PBT. Exclusion criteria included metastatic disease and where a clear referral pathway could not be established.ResultsOf the 50 patients analyzed, 45 (90%) were secondary care referrals, and 5 (10%) were primary care referrals, via the 2-week wait pathway. Of the secondary care referrals, 26 patients were diagnosed in A&E. The most common presentations were seizure (12 patients) and headache (10 patients).DiscussionThese results indicate that few patients are diagnosed through primary care. Most diagnoses occurred in A&E departments. This data could warrant a shift in guidance for primary care practitioners, from the 2-week wait pathway, to a direct referral to A&E for earlier diagnosis.
047 Clinicopathological characteristics impacting on survival in sporadic CJD: insights from an international autopsy-confirmed series
Authors: Watson Neil , Hermann Peter , Ladogana Anna , Green Alison , Summers David , Pocchiari Maurizio , Zerr Inga , Brandel Jean-Philippe , Pal Suvankar ,   et al
Published: August 2022

IntroductionSporadic CJD (sCJD) is universally fatal. While median survival is 5 months, there is consider- able heterogeneity with some surviving weeks while others survive several months or years. We sought to evaluate characteristics influencing disease duration, and the performance of latest diagnostic criteria incorporating cortical ribboning on MRI brain and the RT-QuIC assay.Methods501 autopsy-confirmed cases from surveillance centres in the UK, France, Germany and Italy were stratified into short (<75 days), typical (75-222 days) and long (>222 days) survival groups. We evaluated clinical features, investigation results, and diagnostic criteria classification.ResultsShort survival was associated with male sex (p=0.02) and older age (p=0.004). Prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism status greatly influenced duration (p=<0.001, with longest survival in methionine- valine heterozygotes). Extrapyramidal features were most frequent in long survivors (p=0.04). EEG and 14-3-3 were most sensitive with short survival (p<0.001), RT-QuIC with typical survival (p=0.03) and MRI sen- sitivity did not vary (p=0.4). Previous diagnostic criteria lacked sensitivity in long survivors (p=0.001) while updated criteria were equivalent between groups (p=0.19): sensitivity for long survivors increased 27.7%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates important factors influencing survival and associated phenotypes. The latest diagnostic criteria for sCJD have significantly enhanced diagnosis in long survivors.
049 Hippocampal place cell dysfunction in an APP knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wood Ruth , Burton Stephen , Katsouri Loukia , Greenaway Borgel , Chan Dennis , O’Keefe John 
Published: August 2022

The hippocampus is one of the first cortical regions to exhibit Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. The spatially-related firing of hippocampal place cells provides the cellular basis for spatial memory, and although this is impaired relatively early in AD few studies have examined the effects of AD pathology on place cell firing.An in-depth characterisation of hippocampal pyramidal cell activity was undertaken in an APP knock-in model. Electrophysiological recordings from the left CA1 subregion of four 15-month-old, freely moving, APPNL-G-F mice and four wild-type littermate controls yielded data from 270 cells. Following recordings amyloid β plaque burden was quantified in fixed sections of APPNL-G-F brain tissue stained with Thioflavin-S.Significantly fewer APPNL-G-F pyramidal cells exhibited spatial firing, and APPNL-G-F place cells showed deficits in rate coding and temporal coding of spatial information. APPNL-G-F place cells had a lower spatial information content, larger place fields, reduced phase-locking to the theta rhythm of the local field potential, and a reduction in theta phase precession. A positive correlation was identified between amyloid β plaque burden and pyramidal cell spatial information.The results provide initial support for the hypothesis that AD pathology disrupts hippocampal function which manifests as altered place cell activity and spatial behaviour.
050 Feasibility of an automated assessment to measure cognition and mood in the acute stroke setting
Authors: Bell Simon , Harkness Kirsty , Roman Madalina , Gardner Jon , Richards Emma , Howe Jo , Sikaonga Mary , Mirheidari Bahman , Christensen Heidi , Blackburn Daniel 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionOver 50% of stroke survivors have cognitive impairment. National guidelines promote early cognitive testing however, current pen-and-paper based tests are not always appropriate, typically take place in hospital and are time costly for busy clinicians.This project aimed to create an easy-to-use cognitive assessment tool specifically designed for the needs of stroke survivors. We used a computerised doctor utilising automatic speech recognition and machine learning.MethodsPatients are approached if they pass the eligibility criteria of having recent acute stroke/TIA, and do not have pre-existing condition i.e dementia, severe aphasia Participants could speak to the digital doctor on the ward or at home via a web-version.ResultsRecruitment started on 8th December 2020; We have screened 614 people assessed for suspected acute stroke/TIA at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals. Of those we have recruited 71 participants (13 with TIA) Mean NIHSS of 4.5 and mean MoCA of 24.6. We will present initial results of factors affecting participant recruitment. We will also compare the mood and anxiety screening scores used in this study to those collected via the SNAPP database.DiscussionScreening was adapted due to Covid pandemic and utilising remote consent and participa- tion allowed the project to continue.
Beyond Natural Proofs: Hardness Magnification and Locality
Authors: Chen Lijie , Hirahara Shuichi , Oliveira Igor Carboni , Pich Ján , Rajgopal Ninad , Santhanam Rahul 
Published: August 2022

Hardness magnification reduces major complexity separations (such as
EXP
⊈
NC
1
) to proving lower bounds for some natural problem
Q
against weak circuit models. Several recent works [
11
,
13
,
14
,
40
,
42
,
43
,
46
] have established results of this form. In the most intriguing cases, the required lower bound is known for problems that appear to be significantly easier than
Q
, while
Q
itself is susceptible to lower bounds, but these are not yet sufficient for magnification.

In this work, we provide more examples of this phenomenon and investigate the prospects of proving new lower bounds using this approach. In particular, we consider the following essential questions associated with the hardness magnification program:

–

Does hardness magnification avoid the natural proofs barrier of Razborov and Rudich
[
51
]
?

–

Can we adapt known lower-bound techniques to establish the desired lower bound for
Q
?

We establish that some instantiations of hardness magnification overcome the natural proofs barrier in the following sense: slightly superlinear-size circuit lower bounds for certain versions of the minimum circuit-size problem imply the non-existence of natural proofs. As the non-existence of natural proofs implies the non-existence of efficient learning algorithms, we show that certain magnification theorems not only imply strong worst-case circuit lower bounds but also rule out the existence of efficient learning algorithms.

Hardness magnification might sidestep natural proofs, but we identify a source of difficulty when trying to adapt existing lower-bound techniques to prove strong lower bounds via magnification. This is captured by a
locality barrier
: existing magnification theorems
unconditionally
show that the problems
Q
considered above admit highly efficient circuits extended with small fan-in oracle gates, while lower-bound techniques against weak circuit models quite often easily extend to circuits containing such oracles. This explains why direct adaptations of certain lower bounds are unlikely to yield strong complexity separations via hardness magnification.
The In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Lysozyme against Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Xing , Huang Lijie , Wang Xinling , Kong Lili , Duan Jinyou , Zhang Xiaoli , Mu Haibo , He Jianguo 
Published: August 2022

Objective. To analyze the in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of lysozyme (LYS) and its combination with various drugs against Gram-positive bacteria (GPB,

n
=
9

), thus to provide an exploration direction for drug development. Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of linezolid (LZD), amikacin (AMK), ceftriaxone/sulbactam (CRO/SBT), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTX/SBT), piperacillin/sulbactam (PIP/SBT), doxycycline (DOX), levofloxacin (LVX), amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (7 : 1, AK71), imipenem (IPM), azithromycin (AZM), and their combinations with LYS were determined with tuber twice dilution. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of LYS, AZM, LVX, and their combinations with others were evaluated through MTT and crystal violet assay. Results. High-dose LYS (30 μg/mL) combined with PIP/SBT and AK71, respectively, showed synergistic antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while it showed no synergistic activities when combined with other drugs. LYS and AZM inhibited the biofilm formation of one MRSA strain, but they and LVX had no similar activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF). Particularly, LYS increased the permeability of biofilms of MRSA 33 and exhibited antibiofilm activities against MRSA 31 (

inhibition

rate
=
38.1
%

) and MRSE 61 (

inhibition

rate
=
46.6
%

). The combinations of PIP/SBT+LYS, AMK+LYS, and LZD+LYS showed stronger antibiofilm activities against MRSA 62, MRSE 62, MRSE 63, and VREF 11. Conclusion. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of LYS against MRSA were better than AZM, while that of LYS against MRSE and VREF, respectively, was similar with AZM and LVX.
Bifunctional Blockade: A Novel Immunotherapy Approach for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Miller Kathryn M. , Friedman Claire F. 
Published: August 2022

SummarySHR-1701, a bispecific fusion protein directed against PD-L1 and TGFβ, demonstrates promising clinical activity in advanced/recurrent cervical cancer. A recent study serves as a proof of principle that the TGFβ pathway may be successfully targeted, and that bispecific antibodies offer a novel therapeutic approach to do so.See related article by Feng et al., p. 5297
Pharmacogenomic Profiling of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Identify Therapeutic Vulnerabilities and Inform Functional Precision Medicine
Authors: Wang Han , Chan Kathy Yuen Yee , Cheng Chi Keung , Ng Margaret H.L. , Lee Po Yi , Cheng Frankie Wai Tsoi , Lam Grace Kee See , Chow Tin Wai , Ha Shau Yin , Chiang Alan K.S. , Leung Wing Hang , Leung Anskar Y.H. , Wang Chi Chiu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xiao-Bing , So Chi Chiu , Yuen Yuet Ping , Sun Qiwei , Zhang Chi , Xu Yaqun , Cheung John Tak Kit , Ng Wing Hei , Tang Patrick Ming-Kuen , Kang Wei , To Ka-Fai , Lee Wayne Yuk Wai , Wong Raymond S.M. , Poon Ellen Ngar Yun , Zhao Qi , Huang Junbin , Chen Chun , Yuen Patrick Man Pan , Li Chi-kong , Leung Alex Wing Kwan , Leung Kam Tong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Despite the expanding portfolio of targeted therapies for adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), direct implementation in children is challenging due to inherent differences in underlying genetics. Here we established the pharmacologic profile of pediatric AML by screening myeloblast sensitivity to approved and investigational agents, revealing candidates of immediate clinical relevance. Drug responses ex vivo correlated with patient characteristics, exhibited age-specific alterations, and concorded with activities in xenograft models. Integration with genomic data uncovered new gene–drug associations, suggesting actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities. Transcriptome profiling further identified gene-expression signatures associated with on- and off-target drug responses. We also demonstrated the feasibility of drug screening–guided treatment for children with high-risk AML, with two evaluable cases achieving remission. Collectively, this study offers a high-dimensional gene–drug clinical data set that could be leveraged to research the unique biology of pediatric AML and sets the stage for realizing functional precision medicine for the clinical management of the disease.

Significance:
We conducted integrated drug and genomic profiling of patient biopsies to build the functional genomic landscape of pediatric AML. Age-specific differences in drug response and new gene–drug interactions were identified. The feasibility of functional precision medicine–guided management of children with high-risk AML was successfully demonstrated in two evaluable clinical cases.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476
The impacts of green Cs2ZnSi5O12:Eu2+ phosphor for white light emitting diode
Authors: Liem Bui Van , Xuan Le Phan 
Published: August 2022

We created the green-light phosphor Cs<sub>2</sub>ZnSi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (CZSO) with Eu<sup>2+</sup> replacement for the practical use of ultraviolet white illumination through the solid-state technique. The phosphor displays many different forms and crystallizes in the space group <em>Pbca</em> along with <em>Pa</em> , with formation resembling CsAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, the leucite in cube form. We utilized the X-ray powder diffraction as well as the spectroscopic knowledge to validate that the crystal formation in the phosphor CZSO:Eu<sup>2+</sup> belongs to the space group <em>Pa</em> . CZSO can generate wide green emission with a wavelength of 504 nm when excited by ultraviolet. We enveloped the blend using the translucent silicone resin and the red-light phosphor Sr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>N<sub>8</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> as well as excited it using an ultraviolet light emitting diode (LED) device with a wavelength of 370 nm to generate white illumination that yields remarkable chromatic output. The generation of illumination utilizing the phosphor CZSO benefits from the wide green emission, which does not require the integration of the three phosphors that are critical to the ultraviolet pumping. Such benefit will allow the model of the apparatus to become simpler and simultaneously create a desirable ultraviolet white illumination. When the augmentation the emission efficacy as well as the heat consistency for the phosphor CZSO is realized, we can easily incorporate the ultraviolet LED devices to create better white illumination.
A new Ca15(PO4)2(SiO4)6:Eu2+ phosphor with green emission for use in n-UV based w-LEDs
Authors: Dang Huu Phuc , Ton That Phung , Xuan Le Phan 
Published: August 2022

<span>We have produced a novel phosphor using Eu<sup>2+</sup>, which is green in color coupled to Ca<sub>15</sub>(PO4)<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> (abbreviated as Ca<sub>15</sub>P<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>) by deriving it structurally from α-Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> with a typical solit reaction method. Additionally, the decrease of Eu<sup>2+</sup> concentration as well as heat endurance is being studied. 330 nm is the wavelength at which the substance is stimulated. At 491nm, it attain the greatest radiation energy when filled with the ideal concentration of Eu<sup>2+</sup>, which is 0.5 mol%. The primary mechanism of concentration reduction is discovered to be the fast transfer of stimulation through exchanging coupling among stimulated Eu<sup>2+</sup> ions. The heat activating power boundary has been determined to be 0.244 eV. Additionally, we assess the productivity of this matter by fabricating alight-emitting diodes (LED)with converted phosphor (pc-LED) and integrating a light-emitting diode (LED) with an InGaN-foundation near-ultraviolet and running it at currents between 50 mA and 300 mA. All of the efforts result in an optimal for pc-LED to be able to ecedewhite light-emitting diodes (WLED) implementations.</span>
TiO2 nanoparticles impacts over color deviation in white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Binh Ly Thanh , Quoc Anh Nguyen Doan , Xuan Le Phan 
Published: August 2022

The effects of injecting TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles with phosphorus silicone packing on white color light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are examined. In WLED packages, the proposed approach may increase luminance emission by 2.7%, while the coordinated color temperature will increase by 39%. At the same time, the required phosphorus quantity will be lowered by 5% along with the joint temperature of 6.5°C. The modifications, which boost illuminating performance and also reduce temperature aggregation, are because of the packing material's increased illuminating dispersion efficiency or even refracting indices, along with lower illuminating reduction, for which colour fusing inside the parcels is responsible. Consequently, the results suggest improved-WLED lighting system performance makes the products more appropriate in solid-state lighting.
Quantification of retinal artery-vein ratio for vascular disease diagnosis using spatial U-Net
Authors: Pampana Lakshmi Kala , Rayudu Manjula Sri 
Published: August 2022

The retinal <span>vascular morphological caliber changes reveal the signs of systemic health disorder and life threat diseases such as cardio and cerebral diseases. The quantitative vascular parameters like narrowed arteries, widened venules, reduced artery-vein ratio (AVR) have been associated with aforesaid disorders and diseases. Hence the quantitative biomarker AVR is important parameter in diagnosing variety of diseases. The accurate quantification of AVR be possible if and only if accurate classification of arteries and vein is done. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning based robust vessel segmentation and classification algorithm based on spatial <br /> U-Net and the accuracy of the algorithm is 97.8%. In the quantification process, this algorithm is applied on region of interest (RoI) of a fundus image and measured the AVR values using central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE). The experimentation is carried on the digital retinal images for vessel extraction (DRIVE) dataset. The outcome of this work is the AVR observed to be &gt;0.4 in normal retinal case and AVR value &lt;0.4 for unhealthy case.</span>
Controller placement problem in software defined networks
Authors: Hadi Saleh Hassan , Adnan Mishkal Israa , Salman Ibrahim Dheyab 
Published: August 2022

<span>The requirements <span>for the network are increasing by the expanding and spreading the Internet. The Previous techniques of the network do not meet the modern needs, thus, a new technical presents software-defined networking (SDN). SDN recognizes as a promising new model that separates the control plane (traffic routing and network topology) from the data plane (network architecture layers). The architecture of SDN has some features that find in a single controller or many controllers instance of programmable, flexible, and scalable. In the current SDN, multiple controllers are essential. Therefore, the optimal number of the controllers and their locations is the most significant challenge, known as the controller placement problem (CPP). It deploys the optimal number of controllers within the network while meeting presentations requirements considered conflicting in nature example: credibility, load balancing, latency, energy efficiency, and computation time. Many studies researched the ways to develop solutions for improving scalability, place selection for SDN. This paper presents the CPP and gives a comprehensive review of SDN issues based on the recent well-known research to extract available solution strategies. Finally, it discusses the limitations and future study directions that can support researchers in this field.</span></span>