bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Evaluation of the Effects of Printing Parameters on 3D Printed Cylindrical LW-PLA Samples: Preliminary Results
Authors: ÖZSOYKAL İsmail , HUSEMOGLU R. Bugra , YURT Ayşegül 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the radiological tissue equivalency of different 3D printed samples obtained at different printing temperatures, flow rates and infill rates.
Materials and Methods: Ultimaker 3 Extended 3D printer and LW-PLA filament were used witin the scope of this study. A total of 18 cylinders were printed by using 3 different printing temperatures of 195°C, 200oC and 205oC, 3 different flow rates of 60%, 80% and 100%, and 2 different infilling rates of 90% and 100%. Each sample is obtained 1 cm in diameter and 3 cm in height. After calculating the densities of the samples, they were imaged by a Philips Brilliance 128-slice computed tomography scanner. In the images, the average Hounsfield Unit values and the standard deviations of these values were recorded at 5 different axial positions for each sample. The mean HU and standard deviation values recorded over 5 slices were evaluated according to the printing parameters.
Results: Density of the samples are obtained between 0.63 g/cm3 and 1.19 g/cm3. It was observed that the density of the samples were directly proportional to the flow rate and the infill rate. In addition, the average Hounsfield Unit values of the samples varied between -450 and +73. On the other hand, the standard deviation values were recorded between ±6 and ±25. It was observed that the mean Hounsfield Unit values increased with increasing temperature, flow rate and infill rate. The standard deviation values decreased with increasing printing temperatures.
Conclusion: Considering the mean Hounsfield Unit values of different tissues imaged in routine computed tomography examinations, it is concluded that the samples obtained at different printing parameters using LW-PLA filament may have radiological properties that can represent many soft tissues.
Ex-situ hepatectomy: Indications, Techniques and Results
Authors: Coco Danilo , Leanza Silvana 
Published: January 2022

Ex situ hepatectomy is a novel approach, used in treating complicated liver tumors, which are otherwise unresectable via conventional methods including organ perfusion, liver transplant, hemodynamic management, vascular reconstruction or even extended hepatic resection. The Ex situ hepatectomy technique denotes the entire removal of the infected liver, which is then perfused in a cold preservation solution, which allows the surgeon to remove tumors, which were otherwise unreachable when the liver is situated in the body. In so doing, the tumor is restricted ex situ on the surgeon stable, while the remaining liver is implanted orthotopically. Notably, the works on Ex situ hepatectomy techniques are credited to Pichlmary 1990, who proposed the surgical approach in the treatment of bilateral liver leiomyosarcoma. More to that, there are only a handful of successful Ex situ hepatectomy cases which have been recorded on a global scale, given the complexity of the operation. Secondary as well as primary liver tumors are some of the most commonly occurring liver tumors in humans.
Creative behavior and its relationship to the administrative leadership of secondary school principals in Al- Karkh/2 district in Baghdad governorate
Authors: Areej Nihad  , Israa Fouad  
Published: January 2022

تكمن اهمية البحث في ادارة المدرسة على اعتبار ان المدرسة هي الخلية الاساسية للنظام التربوي وغايته القصوى وبالتالي فان التعليم العصري يتطلب وجود قيادات متطورة ممثلة في الادارة التربوية وعلى مختلف المستويات , اما مشكلة البحث فقد لاحظت الباحثتين ان حالات تأخر العمل وشكوى بعض العاملين وذلك لسوء العلاقات مع القيادات الادارية وايمانا من الباحثتان ان قدرة المؤسسة ونجاحها او فشلها يعتمد على نوع خاص من القادة الذي يتسمون بالفاعلية والكفاءة العالية توجيه سلوك العاملين نحو الابداع والانجاز تحقيقا لاهداف المؤسسة في خدمة الهيئات التعليمية وزيادة فاعلية القيادة وتنمية السلوك الابداعي لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية في تربية الكرخ الثانية , فكان هدفا البحث تحديد السلوك الابداعي للمدراء وفاعلية القيادة الادارية للمدراء واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بالطريقة المسحية على عينه من مدراء مدارس الثانوية و البالغ عددهم (20) مدير تم توزيعهم , وتم اعداد مقياس للسلوك الابداعي و القيادة الادارية , واستنتجت الباحثتان ان مدراء المدارس الثانوية للبنات لتربية الكرخ الثانية يتمتعون بدرجة جيده من السلوك الابداعي فضلا عن تمتعهم بدرجة جيده من القيادة الادارية , واوصت الباحثتان على حث مدراء المدارس على الاشتراك في دورات التطويرية و المؤتمرات التي تساهم في رفع مستواهم في العمل الاداري
Disproven but still believed: The role of information and individual differences in the prediction of topic‐related pseudoscience acceptance
Authors: García‐Arch Josue , Ballestero‐Arnau Marc , Pérez Hoyas Lorena , Giaiotti Francesca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe spread of pseudoscience (PS) is a worrying problem worldwide. The study of pseudoscience beliefs and their associated predictors have been conducted in the context of isolated pseudoscience topics (e.g., complementary and alternative medicine). Here, we combined individual differences (IIDD) measures (e.g., personality traits, thinking styles) with measures related with the information received about PS: familiarity and disproving information (DI) in order to explore potential differences among pseudoscience topics in terms of their associated variables. These topics differed in their familiarity, their belief rating, and their associated predictors. Critically, our results not only show that DI is negatively associated with pseudoscience beliefs but that the effect of various IIDD predictors (e.g., analytic thinking) depends on whether DI had been received. This study highlights the need to control for variables related to information received about pseudoscientific claims to better understand the effect of other predictors on different pseudoscience beliefs topics.
Scaffold Vaccines for Generating Robust and Tunable Antibody Responses
Authors: Najibi Alexander J. , Dellacherie Maxence O. , Shih Ting‐Yu , Doherty Edward J. , White Des A. , Bauleth‐Ramos Tomás , Stafford Alexander G. , Weaver James C. , Yeager Chyenne D. , Seiler Benjamin T. , Pezone Matthew , Li Aileen W. , Sarmento Bruno , Santos Hélder A. , Mooney David J. , Gu Luo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditional bolus vaccines often fail to sustain robust adaptive immune responses, typically requiring multiple booster shots for optimal efficacy. Additionally, these provide few opportunities to control the resulting subclasses of antibodies produced, which can mediate effector functions relevant to distinct disease settings. Here, it is found that three scaffold‐based vaccines, fabricated from poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLG), mesoporous silica rods, and alginate cryogels, induce robust, long‐term antibody responses to a model peptide antigen gonadotropin‐releasing hormone with single‐shot immunization. Compared to a bolus vaccine, PLG vaccines prolong germinal center formation and T follicular helper cell responses. Altering the presentation and release of the adjuvant (cytosine‐guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide, CpG) tunes the resulting IgG subclasses. Further, PLG vaccines elicit strong humoral responses against disease‐associated antigens HER2 peptide and pathogenic E. coli, protecting mice against E. coli challenge more effectively than a bolus vaccine. Scaffold‐based vaccines may thus enable potent, durable and versatile humoral immune responses against disease.
Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in Perylene Diimide Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Jiang Qinglin , Zhang Jiang , Mao Zhongquan , Yao Yao , Zhao Duokai , Jia Yanhua , Hu Dehua , Ma Yuguang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of pure organic magnets with high Curie temperatures remains a challenging task in material science. Introducing high‐density free radicals to strongly interacting organic molecules may be an effective method to this end. In this study, a solvothermal approach with excess hydrazine hydrate is used to concurrently reduce and dissolve rigid‐backbone perylene diimide (PDI) crystallites into the soluble dianion species with a remarkably high reduction potential. The as‐prepared PDI powders comprising radical anion aggregates are fabricated by a subsequent self‐assembly and spontaneous oxidation process. The results of magnetic measurements show that the PDI powders exhibit room‐temperature ferromagnetism and a Curie temperature higher than 400 K, with a vast saturation magnetization that reaches ≈1.2 emu g−1. Elemental analysis along with the diamagnetic signal of the ablated residue are used to rule out the possibility that the magnetism is due to metal contamination. The findings suggest that the long‐range ferromagnetic ordering can survive at room‐temperature in organic semiconductors, and offers a new optional way to create room‐temperature magnetic semiconductors.
Fabrication of Efficient Single‐Emitter Plasmonic Patch Antennas by Deterministic In Situ Optical Lithography using Spatially Modulated Light
Authors: Dhawan Amit R. , Nasilowski Michel , Wang Zhiming , Dubertret Benoît , Maître Agnès 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle‐emitter plasmonic patch antennas are room‐temperature deterministic single‐photon sources, which exhibit highly accelerated and directed single‐photon emission. However, for efficient operation these structures require 3D nanoscale deterministic control of emitter positioning within the device, which is a demanding task, especially when emitter damage during fabrication is a major concern. To overcome this limitation, the deterministic room‐temperature in situ optical lithography protocol uses spatially modulated light to position a plasmonic structure nondestructively on any selected single‐emitter with 3D nanoscale control. Herein, the emission statistics of such plasmonic antennas that embed a deterministically positioned single colloidal CdSe/CdS quantum dot, which highlight acceleration and brightness of emission, are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the presented antenna induces a 1000‐fold effective increase in the absorption cross‐section, and, under high pumping, these antennas show nonlinearly enhanced emission.
Ultralow‐Threshold and High‐Quality Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Lasing from Colloidal Core/Hybrid‐Shell Quantum Wells
Authors: Duan Rui , Zhang Zitong , Xiao Lian , Zhao Xiaoxu , Thung Yi Tian , Ding Lu , Liu Zheng , Yang Jun , Ta Van Duong , Sun Handong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe realization of efficient on‐chip microlasers with scalable fabrication, ultralow threshold, and stable single‐frequency operation is always desired for a wide range of miniaturized photonic systems. Herein, an effective way to fabricate nanostructures‐ whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) lasers by drop‐casting CdSe/CdS@Cd1−xZnxS core/buffer‐shell@graded‐shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) dispersion onto silica microspheres is presented. Benefiting from the excellent gain properties from the interface engineered core/hybrid shell NPLs and high‐quality factor WGM resonator from excellent optical field confinement, the proposed room‐temperature NPLs‐WGM microlasers show a record‐low lasing threshold of 3.26 µJ cm−2 under nanosecond laser pumping among all colloidal NPLs‐based lasing demonstrations. The presence of sharp discrete transverse electric‐ and magnetic‐mode spikes, the inversely proportional dependence of the free spectra range on microsphere sizes and the polarization anisotropy of laser output represent the first direct experimental evidence for NPLs‐WGM lasing nature, which is verified theoretically by the computed electric‐field distribution inside the microcavity. Remarkably, a stable single‐mode lasing output with an ultralow lasing threshold of 3.84 µJ cm−2 is achieved by the Vernier effect through evanescent field coupling. The results highlight the significance of interface engineering on the optimization of gain properties of heterostructured nanomaterials and shed light on developing future miniaturized tunable coherent light sources.
Sulfuration of Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Cathode Materials for Multianionic Redox and Stabilized Coordination Environment
Authors: Zhang Kun , Qi Jizhen , Song Jin , Zuo Yuxuan , Yang Yali , Yang Tonghuan , Chen Tao , Liu Xi , Chen Liwei , Xia Dingguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium‐rich transition metal oxides (LLOs) can deliver high specific capacity over 250 mAh g−1, stemming from additional contribution of oxygen redox. However, the formation of O(2−n)− (0 < n < 2) species and even oxygen gas during the deep oxidation stage leads to progressive structural transformation that cause voltage decay/hysteresis, sluggish kinetics, and poor thermostability, preventing real‐world application of LLOs. Therefore, the substantive key relies on enhancing the anionic redox stability in LLOs. Here, a sulfuration procedure of LLOs (S‐LLOs) is proposed, in which sulfur anions are incorporated into oxygen sites in the lattice structure and form polyanions on the surface. Proved by structural characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, sulfur anions in the interior lattice can reversibly participate in the redox process and enhance the integral coordination stability by mitigating undesired oxygen redox. Moreover, S polyanions at the surface form a protecting layer for interfacial stability. The electrochemical measurements indicate that S‐LLO demonstrates a high discharge capacity of 307.8 mAh g−1, an outstanding capacity retention rate of 91.5% after 200 cycles, along with excellent voltage maintenance, rate capability, and thermostability. The sulfuration process of LLOs with multianionic redox mechanism highlights a promising strategy to design novel high‐energy‐density cathode materials with superior cycling performance.
GaN‐Based Deep‐Nano Structures: Break the Efficiency Bottleneck of Conventional Nanoscale Optoelectronics
Authors: Navid Ishtiaque Ahmed , Pandey Ayush , Goh Yin Min , Schwartz Jonathan , Hovden Robert , Mi Zetian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConventional semiconducting nanowire optoelectronic devices generally exhibit low efficiency, due to dominant nonradiative surface recombination. Here, it is shown that such a critical challenge can be potentially addressed by exploiting semiconducting structures in the deep‐nanoregime. The epitaxy and structural and optical characteristics of GaN‐based micro‐network nanostructures grown on Si wafer are studied. These complex nanostructures have lateral dimensions as small as a few nanometers. Detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy studies suggest that the self‐assembled micro‐network nanostructures are monocrystalline, despite the porous nature. Significantly, such micro‐network nanostructures exhibit ultrabright emission in the visible spectrum. Compared to conventional InGaN nanowire structures with similar surface area, the surface recombination velocity of such deep‐nanostructures is reduced by nearly two orders of magnitude, which is evidenced by the extremely bright luminescence emission as well as the long carrier lifetime measured under low excitation conditions. This study offers a new path for the design and development of next generation high efficiency nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
A Bipolar Delayed Fluorescence Luminogen with Fast Reverse Intersystem Crossing and High Horizontal Dipole Orientation for High‐Performance Sky‐Blue and White OLEDs
Authors: Fu Yan , Liu Hao , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of robust luminescent materials plays a key role for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a tailor‐made sky‐blue delayed fluorescence luminogen (DCPC‐BP‐SFAC) containing a carbonyl acceptor and spiro[acridine‐9,9″‐fluorene] and 9,9″‐(cyclohexane‐1,1‐diylbis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(9H‐carbazole) donors is explored, which holds merits of excellent thermal stability, strong photoluminescence, balanced carrier transport, and horizontal dipole orientation. Owing to a charge‐transfer dominated singlet state and a charge‐transfer and local‐excitation hybrid triplet state, DCPC‐BP‐SFAC has a small energy gap between singlet and triplet as well as a large spin–orbit coupling constant, which result in a fast reverse intersystem crossing process and thus efficient delayed fluorescence. High‐performance sky‐blue OLEDs with outstanding external quantum efficiencies (ηext) reaching 32.6% are achieved based on DCPC‐BP‐SFAC, benefiting from high exciton utilization and large light out‐coupling efficiency. Moreover, using DCPC‐BP‐SFAC as blue emitter and host material simultaneously, efficient all‐fluorescence out‐of‐phase sensitizing white OLEDs without interlayer are fabricated, providing high ηext of up to 21.6% and stable warm‐white light with a high color rendering index of 84. The outstanding electroluminescence performances demonstrate the great potentials of DCPC‐BP‐SFAC in practical display and lighting devices.
Modulation of the Bi3+ 6s2 Lone Pair State in Perovskites for High‐Mobility p‐Type Oxide Semiconductors
Authors: Shi Jueli , Rubinstein Ethan A. , Li Weiwei , Zhang Jiaye , Yang Ye , Lee Tien‐Lin , Qin Changdong , Yan Pengfei , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Scanlon David O. , Zhang Kelvin H.L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOxide semiconductors are key materials in many technologies from flat‐panel displays，solar cells to transparent electronics. However, many potential applications are hindered by the lack of high mobility p‐type oxide semiconductors due to the localized O‐2p derived valence band (VB) structure. In this work, the VB structure modulation is reported for perovskite Ba2BiMO6 (M = Bi, Nb, Ta) via the Bi 6s2 lone pair state to achieve p‐type oxide semiconductors with high hole mobility up to 21 cm2 V−1 s−1, and optical bandgaps widely varying from 1.5 to 3.2 eV. Pulsed laser deposition is used to grow high quality epitaxial thin films. Synergistic combination of hard x‐ray photoemission, x‐ray absorption spectroscopies, and density functional theory calculations are used to gain insight into the electronic structure of Ba2BiMO6. The high mobility is attributed to the highly dispersive VB edges contributed from the strong coupling of Bi 6s with O 2p at the top of VB that lead to low hole effective masses (0.4–0.7 me). Large variation in bandgaps results from the change in the energy positions of unoccupied Bi 6s orbital or Nb/Ta d orbitals that form the bottom of conduction band. P–N junction diode constructed with p‐type Ba2BiTaO6 and n‐type Nb doped SrTiO3 exhibits high rectifying ratio of 1.3 × 104 at ±3 V, showing great potential in fabricating high‐quality devices. This work provides deep insight into the electronic structure of Bi3+ based perovskites and guides the development of new p‐type oxide semiconductors.
The beginnings of biometrical psychiatric genetics: Studies of the insane diathesis 1905–1909
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe year 1900 saw not only the rediscovery of Mendel's hybridization studies but also the publication by Karl Pearson of his newly developed tetrachoric correlation which he used to study the parent–offspring resemblance for the “insane diathesis” in 1905. This was followed by more detailed reports by two of his students/associates: Heron in 1907 and Goring in 1909. Both calculated the tetrachoric correlation for insanity in parent–offspring and Heron for sib–sib pairs. Estimates ranged from approximately +0.30 to +0.60. These papers were statistically sophisticated but demonstrated minimal interest in the phenotype being studied. They are of historical interest because they laid the groundwork for biometrical psychiatric genetics which emerged as a major research paradigm in latter third of the 20th century. In a biting critique of Heron's paper by a young Ernst Rüdin, we see the beginnings of a long‐running argument in psychiatric genetics about the relative value of detailed phenotyping versus novel statistical methods and of Mendelian versus Biometrical methods. While much interest has focused on the eugenic orientation of German psychiatric genetics in the early 20th century, these early British biometrical geneticists, like the majority of geneticists of that day, were also ardent advocates of the eugenic application of their research results.
Caseloads in forensic anthropology
Authors: Pilloud Marin A. , Passalacqua Nicholas V. , Philbin Casey S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere are currently no baseline data regarding the amount and types of case reports produced by forensic anthropologists. This research fills that gap by providing data on caseloads of practicing forensic anthropologists and identifying variables that may contribute to amount and type of casework.Materials and methodsA survey was distributed to practicing forensic anthropologists (n = 364) to explore number of case reports written and possible influential factors. Questions included demographic information, employment type, institution where master's degree or PhD were obtained, type of reports written, professional organization membership, certification, graduate research focus, among others. Data were analyzed using summary statistics, a random forest model, network analysis, and structural equation modeling.ResultsThe mean number of sole‐authored skeletal analysis reports per year was 12.33 and field recovery reports was 2 per year. Statistical analyses identified several variables influencing case loads which included: number of fieldwork reports per year, current employment, total number of cases analyzed, age, publication record, and institution of doctoral degree. Network analyses revealed that individuals in academic settings tended to have a bioarchaeological research focus from their graduate work, whereas those in an applied setting had a focus on forensic anthropology. Further, degree institution influenced employment type.Discussion/conclusionsThese data address expectations for the number of cases analyzed by a forensic anthropologist per year and set a baseline for expectations and performance. Based on these results, we suggest that forensic anthropology is underutilized in the medicolegal death investigation system and more forensic anthropologists should be employed within Medical Examiner/Coroner's Offices.
Control of Hot Carrier Relaxation in CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Using Damping Ligands
Authors: Zeng Peng , Ren Xinjian , Wei Linfeng , Zhao Haifeng , Liu Xiaochun , Zhang Xinyang , Xu Yanmin , Yan Lihe , Boldt Klaus , Smith Trevor A. , Liu Mingzhen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn photon‐conversion processes, rapid cooling of photo‐induced hot carriers is a dominant energy loss channel. We herein report a 3‐fold reduced hot carrier cooling rate in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals capped with a cross‐linked polysiloxane shell in comparison to single alkyl‐chain oleylamine ligands. Relaxation of hot charge carriers depends on the carrier‐phonon coupling (CPC) process as an important channel to dissipate energies in nanostructured perovskite materials. The CPC strengths in the two samples were measured through cryogenic photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements. The effect of organic ligands on the CPC in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is elucidated based on a damped oscillation model. This supplements the conventional polaron‐based CPC model, by involving a damping effect on the CPC from the resistance of the ligands against nanocrystal lattice vibrations. The model also accounts for the observed linear temperature‐dependence of the CPC strength. Our work enables predictions about the effect of the ligands on the performance of perovskite nanocrystals in future applications.