bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophin-3–enhanced Nerve Regeneration Selectively Improves Recovery of Muscle Fibers Expressing Myosin Heavy Chains 2b
Authors: Sterne G.D. , Coulton G.R. , Brown R.A. , Green C.J. , Terenghi G. 
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) enhanced nerve regeneration on the reinnervation of a target muscle. Muscle fibers can be classified according to their mechanical properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition. MHC1 containing slow-type and MHC2a or 2b fast-type fibers are normally distributed in a mosaic pattern, their phenotype dictated by motor innervation. After denervation, all fibers switch to fast-type MHC2b expression and also undergo atrophy resulting in loss of muscle mass. After regeneration, discrimination between fast and slow fibers returns, but the distribution and fiber size change according to the level of reinnervation.
In this study, rat gastrocnemius muscles (ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of nerve injury) were collected up to 8 mo after nerve repair, with or without local delivery of NT-3. The phenotype changes of MHC1, 2a, and 2b were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and fiber type proportion, diameter, and grouping were assessed by computerized image analysis. At 8 mo, the local delivery of NT-3 resulted in significant improvement in gastrocnemius muscle weight compared with controls (NT-3 group 47%, controls 39% weight of contralateral normal muscle; P &lt; 0.05). NT-3 delivery resulted in a significant increase in the proportion (NT-3 43.3%, controls 35.7%; P &lt; 0.05) and diameter (NT-3 87.8 μm, controls 70.8 μm; P &lt; 0.05) of fast type 2b fibers after reinnervation. This effect was specific to type 2b fibers; no normalization was seen in other fiber types.
This study indicates that NT-3–enhanced axonal regeneration has a beneficial effect on the motor target organ. Also, NT-3 may be specifically affecting a subset of motoneurons that determine type 2b muscle fiber phenotype. As NT-3 was topically applied to cut nerves, our data suggest a discriminating effect of the neurotrophin on neuro–muscular interaction. These results would imply that muscle fibers may be differentially responsive to other neurotrophic factors and indicate the potential clinical role of NT-3 in the prevention of muscle atrophy after nerve injury.
In-vitro bacteriostatic activity of levofloxacin and three other fluoroquinolones against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Frémaux A. , Sissia G. , Geslin P. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in-vitrobacteriostatic activity of levofloxacin in comparison with that of ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 205 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (101 penicillin-susceptible, 51 penicillin-intermediate and 53 penicillin-resistant). The isolates were provided between September 1996 and October 1996 by French hospitals participating in the National Co-operative Survey of Pneumococcal Infections. The determination of MICs (mg/L) was made by the agar dilution method. The MIC 50 and MIC 90 values of the four fluoroquinolones for the three classes of S. pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate and penicillin-resistant) were not significantly different. In contrast, the differences in in-vitro activity observed among the four fluoroquinolones against the 205 strains allowed them to be separated into three groups: sparfloxacin (MIC 50/90 0.25 mg/L); ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (MIC 50 0.5 and 1 mg/L respectively, MIC 90 1 mg/L); and ofloxacin (MIC 50 1 mg/L, MIC 90 2 mg/L). A total of 204 of the strains had a levofloxacin MIC between 0.25 mg/L and 1 mg/L, and only one of the 205 strains was highly resistant (MIC 16 mg/L). Whatever the level of susceptibility to penicillin, the relative bacteriostatic activity was, in descending order of activity, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin/ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. These results suggest levofloxacin has potential for the treatment of pneumococcal infections.
Distributed multichannel Wiener filtering for speech enhancement in acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Chang Ruijiang , Chen Zhe , Yin Fuliang 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe performance of speech processing algorithms in wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs) is severely degraded by diffuse noise. To address this problem, a distributed speech enhancement algorithm for WASNs is proposed in this article. The parameterized multichannel Wiener filter is first improved by exploiting all cross‐correlation information among nodes. Next, using the Hadamard element‐wise product of label matrix and cross‐correlation matrix, the distributed parameterized multichannel Wiener filter based on the in‐network summation is presented. Moreover, by making the tradeoff between communication cost and enhancement performance, a simplified distributed algorithm is proposed. Finally, the noise reduction performance of the proposed method is theoretically analyzed. The proposed method achieves good speech enhancement performance and requires only in‐network summation in WASNs. Experimental results reveal the validity of the proposed method.
High Efficiency Aqueous Solution Sprayed CIGSSe Solar Cells: Effects of Zr4+‐Alloyed In2S3 Buffer and K‐Alloyed CIGSSe Absorber
Authors: Mina Md Salahuddin , Kim SeongYeon , Enkhbat Temujin , Enkhbayar Enkhjargal , Kim JunHo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEven though solution‐processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) solar cells have been developed for long time, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still much behind that achieved by vacuum‐based process, and some solvents used in solution‐based processes are not environmental friendly. High‐efficiency CIGSSe solar cells made by using water‐based spray deposition in an air environment are reported. Water is the most eco‐friendly and cheapest solvent compared to the other solvents used in solution‐based fabrication. In2S3‐based buffer (eco‐friendly Cd‐free buffer) and CdS buffer are tested as a buffer layer. For higher PCE with In2S3‐based buffer, a Zr4+‐alloyed In2S3 is used and Zr4+ alloying effects are investigated. It is found that Zr4+ alloying increases the electron concentration in the buffer and passivates defect states in the CIGSSe absorber, which enhance PCE significantly. On the other hand, it is found that K‐alloying into the CIGSSe absorber passivates defects in the CIGSSe absorber, which further increases PCE. Owing to the observed beneficial effects, highest PCE of 16.08% and 17.74% is achieved with Zr4+‐In2S3 buffer and CdS buffer, respectively. In addition, since fabricated solar cells are made with bandgap below 1.15 eV, they can be utilized as a bottom cell for high efficiency tandem cell.
Understanding the Solution‐State Doping of Donor–Acceptor Polymers Through Tailored Side Chain Engineering for Thermoelectrics
Authors: Suh Eui Hyun , Jeong Moon‐Ki , Lee Kyumin , Jeong WonJo , Jeong Yong Jin , Jung In Hwan , Jang Jaeyoung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmong the molecular doping methods widely utilized to control charge carriers in organic thermoelectric (TE) devices, solution mixing is attractive for the preparation of uniform and thick TE films to obtain high output powers. However, the effects of doping behavior in solution‐state polymers on their film properties are still not well understood, particularly for donor–acceptor (D‐A) polymers, key materials for high‐performance (opto)electronic devices. Here, by preparing three D‐A polymers with engineered side chains, the aggregation effects of D‐A polymers on the doping behavior in the solution and film states are demonstrated. In a less aggregated polymer, mixing the solution with a p‐dopant leads to the Lewis complex formation, which reduces doping efficiency and power factor. However, solution mixing of aggregated polymers induces the formation of ion pairs with the dopant, resulting in power factors that are two orders of magnitude higher at 23.7 µW m−1 K−2. Doping in the film state where aggregation is induced facilitates ion‐pair formation, resulting in smaller deviation in TE properties (power factors = 9.0–16.4 µW m−1 K−2) despite differences in their ordering structures. These results provide an in‐depth understanding of efficient solution‐state doping of D‐A polymers for TEs.
A Biodegradable Metal‐Polymer Composite Stent Safe and Effective on Physiological and Serum‐Containing Biomimetic Conditions
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Zhang Wanqian , Qiu Hong , Zhang Gui , Li Xin , Qi Haiping , Guo Jingzhen , Qian Jie , Shi Xiaoli , Gao Xian , Shi Daokun , Zhang Deyuan , Gao Runlin , Ding Jiandong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe new‐generation coronary stents are expected to be biodegradable, and then the biocompatibility along with biodegradation becomes more challenging. It is a critical issue to choose appropriate biomimetic conditions to evaluate biocompatibility. Compared with other candidates for biodegradable stents, iron‐based materials are of high mechanical strength, yet have raised more concerns about biodegradability and biocompatibility. Herein, a metal‐polymer composite strategy is applied to accelerate the degradation of iron‐based stents in vitro and in a porcine model. Furthermore, it is found that serum, the main environment of vascular stents, ensured the safety of iron corrosion through its antioxidants. This work highlights the importance of serum, particularly albumin, for an in vitro condition mimicking blood‐related physiological condition, when reactive oxygen species, inflammatory response, and neointimal hyperplasia are concerned. The resultant metal‐polymer composite stent is implanted into a patient in clinical research via interventional treatment, and the follow‐up confirms its safety, efficacy, and appropriate biodegradability.
Recent Progress on Defect Passivation of All‐Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Boyang , Yin Xingtian , Iqbal Shoaib , Que Meidan , Que Wenxiu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAll‐inorganic halide perovskite materials have attracted increasing attentions in recent years due to their superior stability and adjustable band gap which make them very suitable for the top cells of multi‐junction solar cells. Nonetheless, the power conversion efficiency of all‐inorganic halide perovskite solar cells is still far from satisfaction. The widespread use of the conventional solution method in the preparation process causes many different defects and carrier transport barriers at the grain boundaries and interfaces of the perovskite films, which can cause severe hysteresis behavior and non‐radiative recombination, resulting in low efficiency and hindering their rapid commercialization. While, the selection of suitable passivation materials and techniques can have the most significant potential in reducing the defect recombination centers between the bulk perovskite, the film surface and grain boundaries, and the interface between the various communities (perovskite/electron transport layer [ETL], perovskite/hole transport layer [HTL]). Herein, this study reviews the current research process on various passivation strategies developed for all‐inorganic halide perovskite solar cells, especially for the defects in the perovskite surface, and grain boundaries, perovskite/HTL interface and perovskite/ETL interface. Finally, the authors look ahead to the prospects and challenges of exploring defect passivation in all‐inorganic halide perovskite solar cells.
Recent Advances in Silver nanozymes: Concept, Mechanism, and Applications in Detection
Authors: Mishra Sanya , Abdal‐hay Abdalla , Rather Sami ullah , Tripathi Ravi Mani , Shekh Faheem A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNatural enzymes accelerate substrate‐specific reactions making them of exquisite interest for various applications. However, their appeal is lost in a practical setting due to low stability and high preparation expenses. This is the primary reason behind the flourishing in the research of nanozyme, i.e., artificial enzymes, in the past decade. Their unique physicochemical properties make them a promising candidate for various applications, especially in diagnostics and detection. They possess an enzyme‐like activity and can overcome the drawbacks of natural protein‐based enzymes. Nanozymes are nanomaterials that show enzyme‐like catalytic activity and have great potential to replace natural enzymes for industrial applications. The scope of tuning these nanozymes enhances their catalytic activity and provides specificity, benefiting disease diagnosis and drug delivery. This review aims to report the applications of silver nanozymes in disease diagnosis, glucose detection, and cancer therapy. Their role in detecting heavy metal ions for environmental safety has also been highlighted.
Assembly, Properties, and Application of Ordered Group II–VI and IV–VI Colloidal Semiconductor Nanoparticle Films
Authors: Micheel Mathias , Baruah Raktim , Kumar Krishan , Wächtler Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractColloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, in particular cadmium and lead chalcogenide particles, are pivotal materials in many optoelectronic applications. While synthetic advances in the past decades now allow precise control of their size, shape, and composition, they must be processed from dispersion into functional films for many applications, which presents additional challenges. In this review, recent progresses in the field of nanoparticle self‐assembly into functional thin films with precise control over nanoparticle order and orientation are discussed. A comprehensive overview on characterization methods used in the study of such ordered materials is provided and the gas–liquid interfacial self‐assembly and electric field driven deposition as the two most promising ways to generate superstructures with defined thickness, order, and orientation are discussed. The superstructure–property relationships are then reviewed with emphasis on charge migration through the film and radiative processes. Last, challenges and open questions in the field are addressed.
Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition on Functionalized Graphene Prepared by Reversible Laser Oxidation
Authors: Mentel Kamila K. , Emelianov Aleksei V. , Philip Anish , Johansson Andreas , Karppinen Maarit , Pettersson Mika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArea‐selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a promising “bottom‐up” alternative to current nanopatterning techniques. While it has been successfully implemented in traditional microelectronic processes, selective nucleation of ALD on 2D materials has so far remained an unsolved challenge. In this article, a precise control of the selective deposition of ZnO on graphene at low temperatures (<250 °C) is demonstrated. Maskless femtosecond laser writing is used to locally activate predefined surface areas (down to 300 nm) by functionalizing graphene to achieve excellent ALD selectivity (up to 100%) in these regions for 6‐nm‐thick ZnO films. The intrinsic conductive properties of graphene can be restored by thermal annealing at low temperature (300 °C) without destroying the deposited ZnO patterns. As the graphene layer can be transferred onto other material surfaces, the present patterning technique opens new attractive ways for various applications in which the functionalized graphene is utilized as a template layer for selective deposition of desired materials.
Elemental Doping and Interface Effects on Spin–Orbit Torques in CoSi‐Based Topological Semimetal Thin Films
Authors: Tang Ke , Wen Zhenchao , Seki Takeshi , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Mitani Seiji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work reports on Ni and Fe doping and interface effects on spin–orbit torques (SOTs) generated from a topological semimetal CoSi. CoSi thin films grown on Al2O3(0001) substrates by magnetron co‐sputtering show the B20 structure with a texture in the [210] orientation even after Ni or Fe doping. The SOTs from the films exerted on the magnetization of a CoFeB layer are evaluated by harmonic Hall and spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements. The spin Hall efficiency ξSH of the textured B20‐CoSi at room temperature is determined to be 9.6%, which decreases to 1.8% for Ni0.15Co0.85Si and to 5.5% for Fe0.26Co0.74Si. The electrical conductivity dependence of the spin Hall conductivity is assigned to the regime of intrinsic mechanism of spin Hall effect, suggesting that the reduction of ξSH with the element doping can be due to the degradation in topological electronic structures of CoSi. Furthermore, inserting a Cu layer at the Co(Ni, Fe)Si/CoFeB interface results in an increase of the ξSH up to 10.9% for CoSi, 4.0% for Ni0.15Co0.85Si, and 8.3% for Fe0.26Co0.74Si. These enhancements of the ξSH can be attributed to the improvement in the interfacial spin transparency between the Co(Ni, Fe)Si and CoFeB layers.
Enhancing Horizontal Ratio of Transition Dipole Moment in Homoleptic Ir Complexes for High Outcoupling Efficiency of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Hwang Kyu Young , Kim Sungmin , Lim Junseop , Kang Byungjoon , Lee Kum Hee , Choi Byoungki , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe light‐emitting dipole orientation (EDO) of a phosphorescent emitter is a key to improving the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) without structural modification of the device. Here, four homoleptic Ir complexes as a phosphorescent emitter are systematically designed based on the molecular structure of tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)3) to control the EDO. Trimethylsilane, methyl, 2‐methylpropyl, and cyclopentylmethyl group substituted to pyridine ring of the ligand contribute to the improvement of the EDO from 76.5% for Ir(ppy)3 to 87.5%. A linear relationship between the EDO and the aspect ratio (geometric anisotropy factor) is founded, implying the importance of the effective area for the nonbonding force between host and dopant molecules. Also, it is investigated that the EDO enhancement mainly originates from the vertical alignment of the C3 axis of molecule in the substrate axis rather than the change in the direction of the transition dipole alignment in the molecular axis. The optical simulation reveals that the outcoupling efficiency of phosphorescent OLEDs adopting new dopants reaches 38.4%. The green OLEDs exhibiting 28.3% of EQE, 103.2 cd A–1 of current efficiency, and 98.2 lm W–1 of power efficiency are demonstrated, which is understood to have little electrical loss.
Development of Air‐Stable Photomultiplication‐Type Organic Photodetector and Analysis of Active Layer using Removable Top Electrode
Authors: Shimanoe Shuhei , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao , Yokota Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs) are preferred for use in biological sensing applications owing to their mechanical flexibility and good optical characteristics. To enhance the sensitivity of OPDs, a photomultiplication‐type OPD (PMOPD), which can produce amplification at two terminals, has been developed. However, the stability of this photodetector is an issue when it is used in image sensors or other applications. In this study, an air‐stable PMOPD with a PBDTTT‐OFT:PC61BM active layer that has high responsivity in the near‐infrared region is developed. Furthermore, an OPD with a removable top electrode has been developed. Using this new device structure, the authors can directly and continuously evaluate the active layer of the device after using it in the air. It has been observed that the device does not exhibit any chemical changes in the active layer.
Kinetic modeling of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 over MoOx/La2O3–Al2O3 in a fluidized bed
Authors: Balogun Majid L. , Gambo Yahya , Adamu Sagir , Ba‐Shammakh Mohammed S. , Hossain Mohammad M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 4‐step kinetic model of CO2‐assisted oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane to C2/C3 olefins over a novel MoOx/La2O3–γAl2O3 catalyst was developed. Kinetic experiments were conducted in a CREC Riser Simulator at various reaction temperatures (525–600 °C) and times (15–30 s). The catalyst was highly selective towards propylene at all combinations of the reaction conditions. Langmuir‐Hinshelwood type kinetics were formulated considering propane ODH, uni‐ and bimolecular cracking of propane to produce a C1‐C2 species. It was found that the one site type model adequately fitted the experimental data. The activation energy for the formation of propylene (67.8 kJ/mol) is much lower than that of bimolecular conversion of propane to ethane and ethylene (303 kJ/mol) as well as the direct cracking of propane to methane and ethylene (106.7 kJ/mol). The kinetic modeling revealed the positive effects of CO2 towards enhancing the propylene selectivity over the catalyst.
Anticancer Approach Inspired by the Hepatotoxic Mechanism of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids with Glycosylated Artificial Metalloenzymes
Authors: Kurimoto Michitaka , Chang Tsung‐che , Nishiyama Yoshitake , Suzuki Takehiro , Dohmae Naoshi , Tanaka Katsunori , Yokoshima Satoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetabolic oxidation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from herbal and dietary supplements by cytochrome P450 produces dehydro‐PAs (DHPs), which leads to toxicities. A highly reactive cation species generated from the active pyrrole ring of DHPs readily reacts with various cellular components, causing hepatotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Inspired by PA‐induced hepatic damage, we developed a therapeutic approach based on a cyclization precursor that can be transformed into a synthetic DHP under physiological conditions through gold‐catalyzed 5‐endo‐dig cyclization using a gold‐based artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) instead of through metabolic oxidation by cytochrome P450. In cell‐based assays, the synthesis of the DHP by a cancer‐targeting glycosylated gold‐based ArM substantially suppressed cell growth of the targeted cancer cells without causing cytotoxicity to untargeted cells, highlighting the potential of the strategy to be used therapeutically in vivo.
High‐Capacity Splitting of Mono‐ and Dibranched Hexane Isomers by a Robust Zinc‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Yu Liang , Ullah Saif , Wang Hao , Xia Qibin , Thonhauser Timo , Li Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐efficiency separation of C6 alkanes, particularly the mono‐ and dibranched isomers by using porous solids, is of paramount significance in the petrochemical industry and, remains a daunting challenge. In this work, we report the complete separation of linear/monobranched hexanes from their dibranched isomers through selective size‐exclusion by a microporous MOF, Zn‐tcpt (H3tcpt=2,4,6‐tris(4‐carboxyphenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine), with a two‐fold interpenetrated structure of hms nets. Importantly, its adsorption capacity and selectivity are notably higher than those of the previously reported adsorbents that can split mono‐ and dibranched alkane isomers. Dynamic breakthrough measurements verify the excellent separation of C6 alkane isomers by Zn‐tcpt, and the size‐exclusion based separation mechanism has been confirmed by ab initio materials modeling. The high‐efficiency separation of alkane isomers by Zn‐tcpt can be attributed to its optimal pore dimensions as well as high porosity.