bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF SALIVARY pH, BUFFERING CAPACITY, FLOW RATE, CARIES PREVALENCE AND ORAL MANIFESTATION IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS UNDERGOING DIALYSIS
Authors: Ojha Bidhata , Baral Radha , Bajracharya Dipshikha 
Published: May 2022

Background: Renal failure is a process that expresses a loss of functional capacity of the nephrons, independently of its etiology. Although acute renal failure is reversible in the majority of cases, chronic renal failure presents a progressive course towards terminal renal failure. Hemodialysis is the most widely used technique leading to systemic alterations, oral complications and variations in the flow and composition of the saliva. The purpose of this study was to estimate salivary pH, buffering capacity, flow rate in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis with its oral manifestation and caries prevalence.
Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 40 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis and 40 healthy subjects after taking the informed consent. Saliva samples were then taken to the lab for processing. Salivary pH, buffering capacity and flow rate was estimated. DMFT was calculated. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.
Results: A statistically significant rise in salivary pH, buffering capacity with decrease in flow rate was noted in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis compared to controls. Furthermore, decrease in DMFT value was noted in CRF group despite of poor oral hygiene of the patient. We could also observe different oral manifestations in CRF group among which uremic fetor being the commonest.
Conclusions: Our report suggest that saliva is noninvasive tool which act as an adjunct in diagnos­ing oral lesions and manifestations in CRF patients whose oral hygiene is often neglected with their reluctance in long term dental appointment in the middle of regular hemodialysis schedule.
RELATION OF WAIST HIP RATIO AND BMI WITH THE VITAL CAPACITY
Authors: Karmacharya Poonam , Shrestha Gopi Lal , Singh Surjit , Shrestha Om Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background: The body mass index and waist hip ratio have shown to have linear relation with increase in vital capacity. The purpose of the study is to find the relation of both body mass index (bmi) and waist hip ratio with the vital capacity.
Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 240 students from manipal college of medical sciences, pokhara were enrolled. Respiratory function was assessed by student’s spirometer. The mean of three reading was noted as reading for vital capacity. Height, weight, waist and hip measurement was done. The data were used to derive bmi and the waist hip ratio. Data analysis was done with spss17. The pearson’s correlation test was applied for correlating vital capacity with the anthropometric measures considered.
Results: Out of 240 students 59% were male and 41% were female. There was no correlation between bmi and vital capacity and also between waist-hip ratio and vital capacity.
Conclusion: The study revealed that anthropometric and body compositions are not predictors of respiratory muscle strength.
ASSESSMENT OF NEPALESE PROSTHODONTIST’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS MORPHOLOGICAL COMPLETENESS OF DENTAL ARCHES IN PARTIALLY DENTATE OLDER PATIENTS
Authors: Sabina Poudel  , Shrestha Prabhat , Acharya Lochana , Poudyal Sijan 
Published: May 2022

Background: Complete dentition is not always appropriate for old aged medically compromised and financially weak individuals. It is the dentist to decide what minimum number of teeth should be restored to have the proper oral function. The aim was to find out the opinion of prosthodon­tists of Nepal regarding the suitability of shortened dental arch as treatment modality and how frequently is this treatment choice for an old aged Nepalese patient.
Methods: A pretested close ended questionnaire was usedin this study.After taking ethical clear­ance from Nepal Health Research Council, online questionnaire was sent to the participants along with the consent. Analysis was done using SPSS (version 21) statistical software package. Descrip­tive statistics was used. Percentage and frequencies were calculated.
Results: Among respondents, 96.2% (n=51) had heard about shortened dental arch therapy but 3.8 % (n=2) had never heard about it. Forty-two (79.2%) do support shortened dental arch. Eleven (20.8%) do not favorshortened dental arch. Their main reason for replacing molars was to improve masticatory function.Instead of shortened dental arch,n=5(45.5%) prefer cast partial denture and 6(54.5%) advice implant supported fixed prosthesis. Among Prosthodontists who recommended shortened dental arch therapy, eight (19.1%) always advised patients not to replace molars. Twen­ty-four (57.1%) prosthodontists who support shortened dental arch therapy mentioned chewing function in shortened dental arch patients as satisfactory.
Conclusions: Majority of Prosthodontists agree that shortened dental arch is a suitable treatment option for older people in developing countries like Nepal. But the treatment is not employed in clinical practice as required.
ANGULATION AND DISTANCE OF SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY ACCORDING TO BODY MASS INDEX ON PATIENTS BASED ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN STUDY AT CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors: Adhikari Deepak , Paudyal Sudil , Paudel Bigyan , Paudel Dipesh , Acharya Ishwor 
Published: May 2022

Background: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare but vital cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction which occurs when the third portion of the duodenum is trapped between aorta and superior mesenteric artery. The significant decrease of the angle and distance between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta is the etiology of Superior mesenteric artery syndrome.The study aimed to identify the angulations and distance of superior mesenteric artery from aorta and their correlation with body mass index in patients referred for contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen examination in a Chitwan Medical College.
Methods: The angle between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery was measured in arterial phase of the abdominal scan in the multiplanar reconstructed image in sagittal plane. The distance between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta was measured in axial plane at the level of 3rd part of duodenum.
Results: The aortomesenteric distance was obtained to be 13.30 ± 4.75 mm and the aortomesenteric angle was obtained to be 54.7±16.91 degree for a total of 210 patients. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and aortomesenteric distance (p=0.086) and significant positive correlation between body mass index and aortomesenteric angle (p=0.122). Additionally, it showed there was significant positive correlation between aortomesenteric angle and aortomesenteric distance.
Conclusions: The distance and angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta correlates significantly with the body mass index which indicates that the decrease in body mass index can be used as a risk factor of superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
THE BURDEN OF COLOR VISION DEFECT IN NEPAL – AN ICEBERG PHENOMENON
Authors: Khatri Anadi , K.C Bal Kumar , Gautam Sudhir , Kharel Muna 
Published: May 2022

Background: Color vision tests are routinely performed and are mandatory in most part of the world. However, in Nepal and many other developing countries, color vision may often be overlooked. We evaluated a possible burden of color vision in a group of patients who were specifically evaluated for a color vision defects. This study evalutes the awareness of color vision defect among the patients evaluated and highlights the importance of the color vision evaluation.
Methods: A sequential group of 73 people from August to September 2017 specifically evalu­ated for color vision defect for recruitment of government employment were evaluated. Ishi­harapseudo-isochromatic plates and Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 test were used for screening. Mean and Standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis of the data.
Results: Fifty-seven were male and sixteen were female. The mean age was 23 years (SD ± 3.7). On evaluation of the color vision defect, 9 (12.3%) were found to have total color vision defect (achromatopsia), 3 (4%)-red-green defect and 1(1%) with blue red defect. None of the patients had undergone color vision test at eye hospital previously. There were 4 patients who were registered drivers who had color vision defect.
Conclusions: Color vision is an important part of the vision. It should not be ignored.All of the patients evaluated were found to be unware of their condition. Early detection of color vision defects in individuals, if possible, at school level can help them to determine their careers and future endeavors at early stage.
PERCEPTION OF STAKEHOLDERS TOWARDS THE SHINE DENTAL CLINIC
Authors: Mainali Sneedha 
Published: May 2022

Background: For the betterment of an organisation, stakeholder’s percep­tion plays a vital role by helping to alter the environment of the workplace as well as the overall operation and management of the organisation. This study aims to explore the stakeholders’ perceptions about services and management from every aspect by studying the positive and negative re­marks given by them.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used among 68 respondents which included- patients, parents, institutional clients and employees.
Results: It was found that the stakeholders of the Shine dental clinic, both the staff and clients/customers were satisfied with the by the clinic. Cus­tomers mainly build their perception to be positive or negative in terms of the factors such as the clinic’s environment, effective service delivery, maintenance of the clinic, the treatment and communication of the health workers and timely delivery of the service. Meanwhile, the staff deter­mined the perception of the clinic in terms of salary and benefits, friendli­ness of top management, scope of learning and self-development, and so on.
Conclusions: The stakeholders of the clinic perceived the clinic as a prom­ising clinic and were satisfied with all the services and facilities provided to them. More people are becoming aware about the clinic with time, but it is needed for the clinic to be more visible in the social media for additional brand awareness.
COMPARISON BETWEEN MOBILE CAMERA AND DSLR CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHY FOR THE EVALUATION OF SHADE OF ANTERIOR TEETH - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Shrestha Prabhat , Poudel Sabina 
Published: May 2022

Background: Color accuracy plays a major role in creating an esthetic prosthesis. Photos taken with DSLR cameras have been the most frequent means of recording and transferring the color of teeth. Mobile phone cameras are emerging as a popular alternative to DSLR cameras due to its convenience. Our aim was to compare the color difference (ΔE) between the pictures taken with DSLR cameras and mobile cameras with and with­out using flash.
Methods: Photos of right maxillary central incisors of patients (n=60) were taken with DSLR camera and mobile camera with and without using flash. The pictures were standardized with gray card and processed in Adobe Photoshop Lightroom CC software and the L*a*b* values of the pictures were compared to find the difference in color.
Results: The percentage of agreement (ΔE≤2.7) for the difference of color between DSLR camera and mobile phone cameras without using flash (ΔE1) was 3.3% and with using flash (ΔE2) was 1.7%. The coefficient of agreement (using Kappa coefficient) between (ΔE1) and (ΔE2) showed total disagreement (kappa value =-.02). The mean values of ΔE1 was (8.3±3.3) and ΔE2 was (7.23±2.4).
Conclusions: It was concluded that the color of mobile camera with or without using flash could not be considered as an acceptable method of recording color of teeth.
STRESS AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AT PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHITWAN
Authors: Shrestha Swostika , Ghimire Srijana 
Published: May 2022

Background: Stress and self-esteem are common issues that everyone has to cope with at some time in their lives and they could also affect other things going on in a person’s’ life. The objective of the study is to identify the stress and self-esteem among nursing students.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among B.Sc. Nursing students, Chitwan Medical College. The data was collected by us­ing structured questionnaire within 2 weeks. Obtained data were ana­lyzed using IBM SPSS version 16.0. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square and correlation) were used for data analysis.
Results: Out of 116 respondents, 23.3%, 25.9%, 25.9% and 25.0% were from first, second, third and fourth year respectively. More than half i.e. 50.9% of the respondents had high stress. Respondents had faced higher (68.1%) in teacher related stress followed by peer stress 67.2% and self-inflict 66.0%. About 61.2% of the respondents had low self-esteem. There was higher stress in first year students then other. The fact is that as the academic year increases, students become more familiar to the learning environment and able to cope better. There was statistical significant as­sociation between stress among nursing students and habit of problem sharing (p=0.04).
Conclusions: It is concluded that respondents have high level of stress and low level of self-esteem. Therefore, intervention for increasing self-esteem and decreasing stress should be conducted by the college admin­istration.
CORRELATION BETWEEN 12-HOUR AND 24-HOUR URINE TOTAL PROTEIN IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Adhikari Shree Prasad , Pariyar Jewan 
Published: May 2022

Background: Although 24-hour urine total protein (UTP) measurement is the gold standard method for detecting proteinuria in preeclamptic women, the procedure is lengthy and time consuming that might result in delay in diagnosis of the condition. This study aimed at deter­mining the correlation between these 2 parameters.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on 50 pregnant women with preeclamp­sia admitted at Bharatpur Hospital from September 2018 - January 2019. Patient with pre­eclampsia and having albumin ≥1 on urine dipstick, the sample was collected in every 12 hours interval on two separate well labeled container with the assistance of nursing staff. Total urine protein at 12-hour and 24-hour were measured by spectrophotometric method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Correlation between the 2 measurements was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. p<0.01 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: The age of participants ranged between 20-38 years (Mean age: 26.6 years). The maximum occurrence of preeclampsia was observed in primigravid women and younger age group (between 20-25 years), 72% had mild preeclampsia and 28% developed severe preeclampsia. There was a significant correlation between 12-hour and 24-hour UTP (Spear­man’s r = 0.99, p<0.001).
Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between 12- and 24-hour urine total protein mea­surements in women with preeclampsia. 12-hour UTP can be used as an alternative for the assessment of proteinuria in these women, with benefits such as early diagnosis and better patient compliance.
RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MANDIBULAR CANAL IN NEPALESE POPULATION: A STUDY BASED ON CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES
Authors: Shrestha Pragya , Mansur Dil Islam , Humagain Manoj , Koju Sushmit , Maskey Sunima 
Published: May 2022

Background: Mandibular canal runs in the body and ramus of mandible and provides pas­sage for inferior alveolar nerve. Knowledge on spatial relationship of canal with adjacent structures prevent damage to nerve during surgical procedures. This study aims to find three-dimensional relationship of canal as well as its relation with third molar.
Methods: This was a cross sectional and retrospective study conducted on Cone Beam Com­puted Tomography images. The relation and position of canal with third molar and position of canal in vertical and horizontal dimensions were analyzed.
Results: Mandibular canal was found to be progressively descended in 43% of the canals. The canal was located apical to third molar in 61.9% cases and regarding contact relation, 121(56%) of the third molars had no contact with the canal. Buccal cortical plate was maxi­mum at the level of distal root of second molar and minimum at the level of mesial root of first molar and was reverse for lingual cortical plate. The highest distance between upper border of canal and inferior border of mandible was at mental foramen 13.55±2.27 mm and lowest at mesial root of second molar, 8.72±2.59 mm. Minimum distance between superior border of canal and alveolar crest was distal to second molar (13.78±3.54 mm) and maximum between first molar and second premolar (17.91±3.08 mm).
Conclusions: It was observed that canal was interradicularly placed and was by penetrated by third molar in some cases. Thickness of cortical plates varied in various locations buccally and lingually.
VIGNA SINENSIS, PHASELOUS AYREUS, ARACHHIS HYPOGAEA OʻSIMLIKLAR DONLARI VA POYALARINING ORGANIK TARKIBI
Authors: Muqimjonova Umidahon Vahobjon qizi , Isaqov Muhammadjon Yunusovich , Xo‘jayeva Nafisa Toshtemirovna 
Published: May 2022

Dukkakli oʻsimliklar- yeryongʻoq, loviya, mosh donlari va poyalaridan olingan namunalardagi oqsillar, aminokislotalar, vitaminlar va yog’ kislotalar miqdoriy tarkibining qiyosiy tahlili o’tkazildi. Oʻsimlik donlari va poyalari organik tarkibining mutanosibligi va farqlari o’rganildi. Ulardan foydalanishga oid mulohazalar bildirildi.
XALQ TABOBATIDA BUYRAK KASALLIKLARINI DAVOLASH
Authors: Mixmanova Sultanoy Xayatullayevna 
Published: May 2022

Hozirda buyrak kasalliklarini davolashda turli sintetik dorilar qo‘llanib kelinmoqda. Sintetik dorilarni kimyoviy tarkibini o‘rganganimizda va ularni amaliyotga tadbiq qilganimizda ularning foydali tomonlaridan ko‘ra zararli tomonlari ko‘proq ekanligini kuzatdik. Shu malumotlardan foydalanib, aytishimiz mumkin sintetik dorilarni foydali tomonlaridan tashqari zararli tomonlari ham ko‘p. Shularni hisobga olgan holda ushbu maqolada, buyrak kasalliklari va ularni davolashda xalq tabobat uslubida davolash afzalliklari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.
LOS DOCENTES DE INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS DEL NIVEL MEDIO DE PARAGUAY Y LA ENSEÑANZA A DISTANCIA, DURANTE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19, EN EL AÑO 2020
Authors: Rodas Garay César David , Flores Fabrizio , Alfonso Fredesvinda 
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo refiere resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo específico fue identificar las habilidades en TIC con que cuentan los docentes para la ejecución de la educación a distancia en contexto de pandemia por Covid 19, durante el año 2020. El estudio de diseño cuantitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo y de corte transversal, llevado a cabo por el equipo técnico de la Dirección General de Investigación Educativa (DGIE), del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias (MEC), aplicó una encuesta digital autoadministrada con un formulario Microsoft Forms, validada mediante juicio de expertos y con una prueba piloto, con una muestra intencional, seleccionada bajo criterio por conveniencia, que integró 672 docentes de 9 departamentos del país. Entre los principales hallazgos se puede mencionar que para el momento del trabajo investigativo la mayoría de los docentes contaban con una caracterización general de habilidades TIC de dominio básico con niveles diversos de profundización. También se destacan los indicios sobre el conocimiento significativo y nivel de uso frecuente con que contaban sobre la app WhatsApp y de la plataforma educativa oficial del MEC ¨Tu escuela en casa¨, así como de algunas estrategias didácticas de la educación a distancia entre los que se sitúan los trabajos individuales, los grupales, las videoconferencias y los videotutoriales.
Palabras claves: Educación a Distancia, COVID-19, Docencia, Habilidades TIC.
ABSTRACT
This article refers to the results of an investigation whose specific objective was to identify the ICT skills that teachers have for the execution of distance education in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, during the year 2020. The quantitative, exploratory design study -descriptive and cross-sectional, carried out by the technical team of the General Directorate of Educational Research (DGIE), of the Ministry of Education and Sciences (MEC), applied a self-administered digital survey with a Microsoft Forms form, validated by judgment of experts and with a pilot test, with an intentional sample, selected under convenience criteria, which included 672 teachers from 9 departments of the country. Among the main findings, it can be mentioned that at the time of the investigative work, most of the teachers had a general characterization of basic domain ICT skills with various levels of depth. The indications about the significant knowledge and level of frequent use they had about the WhatsApp app and the official educational platform of the MEC ¨Your school at home¨ are also highlighted, as well as some didactic strategies of distance education among those who Individual work, group work, videoconferences and video tutorials are located.
Key words: Distance Education, COVID-19, Teaching, ICT Skills.
Tecnología, habilidades y herramients GIFT en los procesos de adquisición del idioma inglés como Lengua Extranjera
Authors: Bortolotti Tania Anabel , Arrietta Alcira 
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo demuestra cómo el abordaje de contenidos curriculares se ve notoriamente beneficiados con el uso de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas. Ello permite incorporar mayor información en menor tiempo. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica en línea a fin de fusionar los conocimientos previos de estudiantes y profundizar en aquellos relacionados a la temática en cuestión, se desarrolló una experiencia de investigación-acción participativa con estudiantes de Diseño Gráfico y Multimedia, participantes del Seminario de Lengua Extranjera-Inglés I. El objetivo de este trabajo se centró describir la experiencia de aplicación de métodos y herramientas informáticas en contexto de aula que favorecen laadquisición de saberes pertinentes del espacio curricular de lectocomprensión en lengua extranjera y brindan oportunidades de desarrollo y crecimiento personal y profesional de los estudiantes. La experiencia demostó que cuanta más libertad de elaboración y exploración de fuentes se brinda a los estudiantes, mejores son sus elaboraciones finales, ya que se revaloriza y toma en cuenta sus saberes previos y se enriquece sus producciones. Palabras-claves: Herramientas tecnológicas, Lecto-comprensión, Lengua-Extranjera
Museo Escolar, eje transversal para la didáctica
Authors: M. Bajac Quevedo Ana María 
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo presenta el Museo Escolar como eje transversal para generar un entorno didáctico inclusivo para la educación escolar básica y media. Es un estudio a partir de la experiencia del Centro Educativo de gestión privada “Los Laureles”, situado en Asunción, Paraguay. Se justifica en que la educación de calidad se debe desarrollar en todas sus aristas. A través de fondos bibliográficos existentes, libros, artículos, materiales proporcionados por la institución educativa, fotografías, videos. La investigación comprobó que el Museo no solo se encuentra en espacios convencionales y la didáctica de este se desarrolla en espacios más flexibles donde lo importante es la construcción de aprendizajes. El Museo Escolar es un ambiente propicio para generar valores tales como: cooperación, integración, inclusión, respeto a la diversidad, creatividad en donde se promueve la indagación e instrucción de la comunidad y puede servir como herramienta de aprendizaje didáctico e interactivo que permite la inclusión. Palabras claves: museo escolar, transversalidad, educación inclusiva.