bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The uptake of key Essential Nutrition Action (ENA) messages and its predictors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A community-based crossectional study
Authors: Habte Aklilu , Gizachew Addisalem , Ejajo Tekle , Endale Fitsum 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEssential nutrition action(ENA) is a framework for managing advocacy, establishing a foundation, and implementing a comprehensive package of preventive nutritional activities. Essential Nutrition Actions study studies provide current information on each nutrition action, allowing health systems to focus more on nutrition, which is critical in tackling the "double burden" of malnutrition: underweight and overweight. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the level of ENA practice and its predictors among mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months in southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2021 among randomly selected 633 mothers of children aged 6–24 months. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to access study participants. Data were collected by using a pretested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. To identify predictors of ENA practice, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used. The strength of the association was measured using an adjusted odds ratio with 95 percent confidence intervals. The statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.ResultsA total of 624 participants took part in the study, with a response rate of 98.6%. The uptake of key ENA messages among mothers was measured using 27 items, and it was found to be 47.4% (95% CI: 43.8, 51.4). Complementary feeding was the commonest ENA message practiced by 66.7% of respondents, while prevention of iodine deficiency disorder was practiced by only 33.7% of respondents. Variables namely, mother’s education level of college and above [AOR: 3.90, 95% CI: 1.79, 8.51], institutional delivery [AOR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17,6.49], having PNC service [AOR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.91, 4.57], being knowledgeable on ENA message [AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.81, 3.26] and being a model household [AOR: 3.83,95% CI: 2.58, 5.69] were positively associated with a good uptake of key ENA messages. On the other hand, primiparity [AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.21,0.56] was identified as a negative predictor.ConclusionThe overall practice of key Essential nutrition action messages in the study area was low as compared to studies. Stakeholders must step up their efforts to improve and hasten the utilization of maternal and child health services, especially institutional delivery and Postnatal care by focusing on uneducated women to promote compliance to key ENA messages. Furthermore, health workers need to focus on awareness-raising and model household creation.
Gestational and congenital syphilis across the international border in Brazil
Authors: Lannoy Leonor H. , Santos Patrícia C. , Coelho Ronaldo , Dias-Santos Adriano S. , Valentim Ricardo , Pereira Gerson M. , Miranda Angelica E. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Brazil lacks data from syphilis in its border areas. We aimed to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of acquired syphilis (AS), in pregnancy (SP) and congenital syphilis (CS) in Brazilian municipalities in the arches border contexts.

Methods
An ecological, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2010 to 2020. The study was based on the cases of syphilis available in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), and on the Primary Health Care Information System. The detection rates of AS and SP, and the incidence of CS were estimated, and the time series was analyzed. Data between the border arches were compared.

Results
In 2020, data showed 7,603 cases of AS (detection rate 64.8/100,000 inhabitants), 3,960 cases of SP (detection rate of 21.6/1,000 live births) and 836 cases of CS (incidence of 4.6/1,000 live births) in the border region. Between 2010 and 2020, the mean annual increase of detection rate of SP was 53.4% in Brazil, 48.0% in the border region, 59.6% in the North Arch, 28.8% in the Central and 67.2% in the South. Annual variation on the incidence of CS for the same period was 31.0% in Brazil 38.4% at the border, in the North and South Arcs 18.3% and 65.7% respectively. The Central Arch showed an increase only between 2010 and 2018 (62.7%). A total of 427 (72.6%) municipalities has primary health care coverage ≥ 95% of the population. In 2019, 538 (91.8%) municipalities reported using rapid tests for syphilis, which decreased to 492 (84%) in 2020. In 2019, 441 (75.3%) municipalities reported administering penicillin, and 422 (72%) in 2020.

Conclusion
Our data show syphilis reman problem at the Brazilian border, rates in pregnant are high. It was observed a reduction in the detection rates, SP and the incidence of CS between 2018 and 2020. Syphilis should be included on the agenda of all management levels, aiming at expanding access and quality care.
Cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Isaikin A. I. , Schmidt T. E. , Shor Yu. M. 
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the clinical manifestations, pathomorphology, pathogenesis and various treatment methods of cervical radiculopathy (CR). Article points out diagnostic difficulties arising from the frequent discrepancy between clinical and neuroimaging data. The issues of choice of conservative and surgical treatment are discussed, based on the analysis of data from recent systematic reviews.In the absence of focal neurological symptoms, radicular compression is unlikely. The natural course of CR is favorable. Rehabilitation programs are used as the first line of treatment, including a combination of education, exercise, manual therapy, psychological and pharmacological methods. Drug therapy for CR starts with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administration; to achieve the effect quickly, it is possible to use aceclofenac (Aertal) in the form of a powder for suspension.
Results of ELBRUS clinical non-interventional study
Authors: Rozhkov D. O. , Shevtsova K. V. , Grinyuk V. V. , Parfenov V. A. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: non-interventional study ELBRUS (Etoricoxib in the Treatment of Back Pain) was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of daily administration of Rixia® (Etoricoxib) 60 mg per day in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP).Patients and methods. The study included 50 patients (31 women and 19 men, mean age 54.3±16.8 years) with CNSLBP. Educational conversation, cognitive therapy, regular therapeutic exercises, identification and treatment of comorbidities were conducted. Patients received etoricoxib 60 mg once daily. Pain intensity was assessed on a 10-point numerical rating scale (NRS), pain-related disability was assessed on the Oswestry Scale (ODS), and emotional state was assessed on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results and discussion. The causes of CNSLBP were: in 5 (10%) patients – sacroiliac joint involvement, in 14 (28%) – lower lumbar facet joints involvement, in 3 (6%) – myofascial pain, the remaining 28 (56%) patients had a combination of several reasons. As a result of complex treatment, the intensity of pain at rest decreased on average from 4.0±2.5 to 1.4±1.3 points, while moving – from 6.6±1.9 to 2.8±1.8 points, at night – from 2.7±2 to 0.7±0.9 points according to the NRS, disability – from 39±18.9 to 19.9±14.6% according to the ODS, the severity of anxiety – from 6.5±3.9 to 3.3±2.4 points and depression from 5.0±3.7 to 3.1±2.9 points according to HADS (p<0.001). The duration of treatment was 14.14±3.6 days on average. No adverse events were observed during treatment with etoricoxib. Conclusion. The efficacy and safety of etoricoxib in the complex therapy of patients with CNSLBP was noted. Keywords: chronic nonspecific low back pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etoricoxib, Rixia®>˂0.001). The duration of treatment was 14.14±3.6 days on average. No adverse events were observed during treatment with etoricoxib.Conclusion. The efficacy and safety of etoricoxib in the complex therapy of patients with CNSLBP was noted.
Safety of Mexidol® (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in adult patients of different age groups
Authors: Ushkalova E. A. , Zyryanov S. K. , Butranova O. I. 
Published: October 2022

To reduce the risk of developing adverse events (AEs) and increase the adherence of elderly patients to treatment, it is recommended to limit maximally the total number of prescribed drugs (DR), using one drug for the treatment of two or more pathologies if possible. The drugs that meet the criteria for use in elderly patients and / or patients with comorbidity include the original Russian drug Mexidol® (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate), which has a multimodal mechanism of action and has multiple pharmacological effects. In order to study the safety of Mexidol in comparison with placebo in different age groups of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, a post hoc analysis of the international multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled MEMO study with an adaptive design was carried out, which assessed the efficacy and safety of sequential therapy with Mexidol®, a solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection, 50 mg/ml (NPK PHARMASOFT, Russia) and Mexidol® FORTE 250 film-coated tablets, 250 mg (NPK PHARMASOFT, Russia) in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. The study involved 318 patients aged from 40 to 90 years.Comparable safety and tolerability of Mexidol was demonstrated in middle-aged and elderly people with chronic cerebral ischemia, including patients over 75 years of age.
Hermitian K-theory via oriented Gorenstein algebras
Authors: Hoyois Marc , Jelisiejew Joachim , Nardin Denis , Yakerson Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe show that the hermitian K-theory space of a commutative ringRcan be identified, up to𝐀1{\mathbf{A}^{1}}-homotopy, with the group completion of the groupoid of oriented finite GorensteinR-algebras, i.e., finite locally freeR-algebras with trivialized dualizing sheaf. We deduce that hermitian K-theory is universal among generalized motivic cohomology theories with transfers along oriented finite Gorenstein morphisms. As an application, we obtain a Hilbert scheme model for hermitian K-theory as a motivic space. We also give an application to computational complexity: we prove that 1-generic minimal border rank tensors degenerate to the big Coppersmith–Winograd tensor.
Effect of processing conditions on the rheological and mechanical properties of composites based on a PBS matrix and enzymatically treated date palm fibers
Authors: Chaari Rania , Kharrat Fatma , Khlif Mohamed , Bradai Chedly , Lacoste Catherine , Dony Philippe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The rheological properties of biocomposites can change depending on the polymer, fiber type, fiber size and processing conditions. In this work, biodegradable PBS composites filled with raw and enzymatically treated date palm fibers were processed using an internal mixer. The influence of the processing conditions, namely filler concentration, rotor of the mixer rotational speed, as well as the type of the enzymatic fiber treatment on PBS (Poly Butylene Succinate)/date palm fiber composites were studied by measuring the torque and the temperature in real time during melt processing. A rheological analysis was also carried out by performing time and multi-wave-frequency sweeps. It was found that the stabilization torque increased with increasing fiber loading and rotor rotational speed, indicating a higher viscosity. An enhancement of the melting process occurred with modified fibers, which was explained by the decrease in the fiber diameter, denoting cellulose micro-fibrils separation by enzymes action. These composites were characterized by a better thermal resistance and mechanical stiffness compared to those based on raw fibers at the same loading rate.
Insights into the implication of obesity in hypogonadism among adolescent boys
Authors: Hassan Mona M. , Sarry Eldin Azza M. , Musa Noha , El-Wakil Khaled H. , Ali May , Ahmed Hanaa H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis research aimed at uncovering the mechanisms behind obesity-related hypogonadism in adolescent boys and to investigate the association between anthropometric characteristics and testicular functions of these boys.MethodsThis study included 60 adolescent boys (12–18 years) with exogenous obesity (BMI≥95th percentile) and 30 age matched lean controls (BMI=15th–85th percentile). Full clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and pubertal assessment were performed. Laboratory investigations included hemoglobin, hematocrit, lipid panel, LH, FSH, free and total testosterone, inhibin B and estradiol.ResultsThe results indicated the presence of positive family history of obesity in 85% of obese boys vs. 40% of the lean counterparts. Concerning SBP of obese boys, 7% were hypertensive (95th percentile), 25% were prehypertensive (between 90th and 95th percentiles) while, DBP findings showed that 33% are hypertensive and 33% are prehypertensive. Meanwhile, 13.3% of lean controls were prehypertensive. Anthropometric measurements and lipid profile values revealed a significant difference between obese and lean boys. Compared to obese boys the normal weight boys had higher levels of free testosterone (21.15 ± 2.90 pg/mL vs. 11.38 ± 3.96 pg/mL, p<0.001), total testosterone (10.59 ± 6.63 ng/dL vs. 3.23 ± 1.70 ng/dL, p<0.001), FSH (7.33 ± 3.75 mIU/mL vs. 5.63 ± 3.96 mIU/mL, p=0.026) and inhibin B (83.28 ± 27.66 pg/mL vs. 62.90 ± 17.85 pg/mL, p=0.001) and they registered lower level of estradiol (18.48 ± 7.33 pg/mL vs. 40.20 ± 7.91 pg/mL, p<0.001). In obese boys, BMI SDS significantly correlated with lipid profile and estradiol whereas, it showed significant negative correlation with LH, free and total testosterone and inhibin B. Penile length significantly correlated with LH while it revealed significant negative correlation with cholesterol.ConclusionsThis study evidenced a close association between obesity and hypogonadism in adolescent boys which could be due to the increased estradiol level and decreased T/E2 ratio.
Triple burden of malnutrition and role of anaemia in the development of complications associated with type 1 diabetes in Indian children and youth
Authors: Antani Misha , Pargaonkar Yash , Oza Chirantap , Mondkar Shruti A. , Khadilkar Vaman , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The double burden of malnutrition accompanied by micronutrient deficiency is referred to as the triple burden of malnutrition (TBM). Very few studies have highlighted the TBM in children with type-1 diabetes. We conducted this study with the objective of estimating the TBM in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D) and to study role of anaemia in the development of complications associated with T1D.

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study included 394 subjects with T1D. Demographic data, anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemical measurements, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography were performed using standard protocols. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated for all subjects.

Results
We report a 16, 5.8, and 16.2% prevalence of anaemia, underweight and overweight/obese suggesting TBM with microcytic hypochromic anaemia as the most common morphological form. Haemoglobin concentrations showed positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The presence of anaemia was a significant predictor of eGDR and macrovascular complications in T1D which could not be attributed to glycemic control. Bone health of anaemic T1D subjects was poor than subjects without anaemia on DXA scan after adjusting for confounders. No systematic pattern between Hb concentrations and eGFR or ACR was found.

Conclusions
TBM in Indian children and youth with T1D is a significant health problem and anaemia is an important predictor in the development of macrovascular complications and poor bone health associated with T1D. However, its role in development of microvascular complications remains to be explored.
Reassessing Social Movements’ Position and Normative Force in Constitutional Settings
Authors: Chaib André Nunes 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present article examines the new position of social movements in constitutional settings. It argues that social movements – both structured and unstructured – have rearranged themselves both normatively and spatially to create new means to influence law and politics. The article sketches out new forms in which social movements have understood their ways of organizing and the possibilities for advancing legal and political change in constitutional settings. Using Judith Butler’s theory of assemblage and Bruno Latour’s concept of terrestriality, the article examines how social movements read constitutional settings, such as domestic constitutional apparatuses and international institutions, to advance their political and legal agendas. The article does not limit itself to a pure public law perspective but also incorporates insights from public international law.
A Critical Examination of Breeders’ Monopoly Rights to the Detriment of Farmers under the Ethiopian Plant Breeders’ Rights Law
Authors: Degu Temesgen Abebe 
Published: October 2022

Agricultural innovations have for long remained outside the domain of Intellectual property rights (IPRs) due to ethical and socioeconomic grounds. With the advent of modern agro- biotechnology, however, the sector is subjected to IPRs. Particularly, the TRIPS Agreement provides that plant varieties (PVP) shall be protected either through patent or an effective soi generic system, or a combination thereof. In this regard, Ethiopia adopted plant breeders’ rights (PBRs’) law in 2006. This article aims at evaluating the monopoly rights of private breeders in comparison with farmers’ rights on the basis of various ethical and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, the second section overviews the introduction of IPRs in the agricultural sector. Section three deals with PVP under the TRIPS Agreement and the flexibility thereunder. After briefly introducing the Ethiopian PBRs’ law in section four, the pros and cons of PVP is addressed under section five. Section six evaluates farmers’ rights under the Ethiopian PBRs’ law. The last section concludes the article.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Children Discharged With Nasoenteral Feeding Tubes
Authors: Ahearn M. Alex , Stephens John R. , Zwemer Eric K. , Hall Matt , Ahuja Arshiya , Chatterjee Ashmita , Coletti Hannah , Fuchs Jennifer , Lewis Emilee , Liles E. Allen , Reade Erin , Sutton Ashley G. , Sweeney Alison , Weinberg Steven , Harrison Wade N. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES
To describe the characteristics and outcomes of children discharged from the hospital with new nasoenteral tube (NET) use after acute hospitalization.

METHODS
Retrospective cohort study using multistate Medicaid data of children &lt;18 years old with a claim for tube feeding supplies within 30 days after discharge from a nonbirth hospitalization between 2016 and 2019. Children with a gastrostomy tube (GT) or requiring home NET use in the 90 days before admission were excluded. Outcomes included patient characteristics and associated diagnoses, 30-day emergency department (ED-only) return visits and readmissions, and subsequent GT placement.

RESULTS
We identified 1815 index hospitalizations; 77.8% were patients ≤5 years of age and 81.7% had a complex chronic condition. The most common primary diagnoses associated with index hospitalization were failure to thrive (11%), malnutrition (6.8%), and acute bronchiolitis (5.9%). Thirty-day revisits were common (49%), with 26.4% experiencing an ED-only return and 30.9% hospital readmission. Revisits with a primary diagnosis code for tube displacement/dysfunction (10.7%) or pneumonia/pneumonitis (0.3%) occurred less frequently. A minority (16.9%) of patients progressed to GT placement within 6 months, 22.3% by 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS
Children with a variety of acute and chronic conditions are discharged from the hospital with NET feeding. All-cause 30-day revisits are common, though revisits coded for specific tube-related complications occurred less frequently. A majority of patients do not progress to GT within a year. Home NET feeding may be useful for facilitating discharge among patients unable to meet their oral nutrition goals but should be weighed against the high revisit rate.
Direct selective laser sintering of high-entropy carbide ceramics
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Li Nan , Chen Xin , Stroup Mark , Lu Yongfeng , Cui Bai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe direct selective laser sintering (SLS) process was successfully demonstrated for additive manufacturing of high-entropy carbide ceramics (HECC), in which a Yb fiber laser was employed for ultrafast (in seconds) reactive sintering of HECC specimens from a powder mixture of constitute monocarbides. A single-phase non-equiatomic HECC was successfully formed in the 4-HECC specimen with a uniform distribution of Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, and C. In contrast, a three-layer microstructure was formed in the 5-HECC specimen with five metal elements (Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta and Ti), consisting of a TiC-rich top layer, a Zr–Hf–C enriched intermediate layer, and a non-equiatomic Zr–Ta–Nb–Hf–C HECC layer. Vickers hardness of 4- and 5-HECC specimens were 22.2 and 21.8 GPa, respectively, on the surface. These findings have important implications on the fundamental mechanisms governing interactions between laser and monocarbide powders to form a solid solution of HECCs during SLS.Graphical abstract
Role of fibroscan in assessing the extent of liver involvement among chronic hepatitis B and C cases
Authors: Jyothi Pendyala , Vanisree Dasari , Murty Durbha Satyanarayana , Prasanthi Kolli 
Published: October 2022

Chronic liver diseases (CLD) cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths annually. The majority of CLDs include alcoholic liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B and C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and hemochromatosis. Of these, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a substantial proportion of liver diseases which is responsible for liver damage ranging from minor disorders to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fibroscan is a novel non-invasive method for assessing hepatic fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness.
The aim. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence of blood-born viral pathogens (HBV, HCV) among patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and also to assess the role of Fibroscan and liver function tests (LFT) in evaluating the extent of chronic liver disease.
Material and methods: The present study comprised 100 chronic liver disease patients attending the gastroenterology department. All the chronic liver disease cases were tested for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections using a rapid Immunochromatography assay. Simultaneously they were subjected to liver function tests and fibroscan to assess the extent of fibrosis by staging from F0 to F4.
Results: When screened for bloodborne viral pathogens, 46 % were HBV positive, 10 % were HCV, and none were HIV positive. No co-infection was detected. HBV was identified as the most typical cause of CLD in about 46 %, followed by non-viral/non-infectious (alcoholic, metabolic, autoimmune) cause in 44 % and 10 %, the cause for CLD was HCV. As per fibroscan results, 80 % of HCV and 39 % of HBV patients were in the stage of cirrhosis/advanced fibrosis.
Conclusion: HBV was the predominant cause of CLD. Liver stiffness has recently been shown to be a good predictor of clinical outcomes. A fibroscan will help in the decision-making process in staging the disease and choice of treatment in viral hepatitis cases