bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aquananotechnology: oriented-sawdust waste valorization into magnetic nanocellulosic particles for Synozol Red K-HL sorption prospect
Authors: Tony Maha A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh loaded textile dying effluents should undergo for treatment prior to final disposal into the environment. The current study aimed to apply naturally abundant and cheap by-product material namely sawdust (SWD) to develop magnetized cellulosic nano-adsorbent based on magnetite nanoparticles for reactive dye removal namely Synozol Red K-HL (R K-HL). The powder of SWD, which is available through various industries, was modified via pre-treatment with acid hydrolysis and bleaching before blending them with magnetite particles which is synthesized via co-precipitation route. Sawdust (SWD) conjugated with Fe3O4at different weight percentages (wt%), i.e. SF-(1:1), SF-(2:1), SF-(3:1), SF-(5:1) and SF-(1:2), then subjected to microwave technique, and then characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD); transmission electron microscope (TEM); Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Thereafter, the effects of system parameters on adsorption capability, i.e. pH, temperature and dye loading were studied using the modified adsorbents. The SF-(2:1) adsorbent showed the highest affectivity which achieved the highest (21.71 mg g−1) adsorption uptake with a catalyst dosage of 1 g L−1. Moreover, a complete dye removal (100%) was attained at low initial dye loading in the aqueous medium. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models and their corresponding constants were calculated and discussed. The experimental results showed that the Langmuir isotherm model is well expressed in the experimental data. The kinetics of R K-HL dye removal was found to depend on operational temperature. A study of three kinetic models has been made, and the Bangham’s kinetic model was found to describe the adsorption of dye R K-HL on all the adsorbents applied. The adsorption of reactive R K-HL onto magnetized sawdust adsorbents was spontaneous and exothermic in nature as concluded from thermodynamic assays. Experimental results verified that dye R K-HL could be successfully eliminated feasibly from the aqueous stream in economic way.
Agnostic Explanation of Model Change based on Feature Importance
Authors: Muschalik Maximilian , Fumagalli Fabian , Hammer Barbara , Hüllermeier Eyke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has mainly focused on static learning tasks so far. In this paper, we consider XAI in the context of online learning in dynamic environments, such as learning from real-time data streams, where models are learned incrementally and continuously adapted over the course of time. More specifically, we motivate the problem ofexplaining model change, i.e. explaining the difference between models before and after adaptation, instead of the models themselves. In this regard, we provide the first efficient model-agnostic approach to dynamically detecting, quantifying, and explaining significant model changes. Our approach is based on an adaptation of the well-known Permutation Feature Importance (PFI) measure. It includes two hyperparameters that control the sensitivity and directly influence explanation frequency, so that a human user can adjust the method to individual requirements and application needs. We assess and validate our method’s efficacy on illustrative synthetic data streams with three popular model classes.
Investigating the Equivalent Plastic Strain in a Variable Ring Length and Strut Width Thin-Strut Bioresorbable Scaffold
Authors: Hoddy Ben , Ahmed Naveed , Al-Lamee Kadem , Bullett Nial , Curzen Nick , Bressloff Neil W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The ArterioSorb$$^{\rm{{TM}}}$$

TM

bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) developed by Arterius Ltd is about to enter first in man clinical trials. Previous generations of BRS have been vulnerable to brittle fracture, when expanded via balloon inflation in-vivo, which can be extremely detrimental to patient outcome. Therefore, this study explores the effect of variable ring length and strut width (as facilitated by the ArterioSorb$$^{\rm{{TM}}}$$

TM

design) on fracture resistance via analysis of the distribution of equivalent plastic strain in the scaffold struts post expansion. Scaffold performance is also assessed with respect to side branch access, radial strength, final deployed diameter and percentage recoil.

Methods
Finite element analysis was conducted of the crimping, expansion and radial crushing of five scaffold designs comprising different variations in ring length and strut width. The Abaqus/Explicit (DS SIMULIA) solution method was used for all simulations. Direct comparison between in-silico predictions and in-vitro measurements of the performance of the open cell variant of the ArterioSorb$$^{\rm{{TM}}}$$

TM

were made. Paths across the width of the crown apex and around the scaffold rings were defined along which the plastic strain distribution was analysed.

Results
The in-silico results demonstrated good predictions of final shape for the baseline scaffold design. Percentage recoil and radial strength were predicted to be, respectively, 2.8 and 1.7 times higher than the experimentally measured values, predominantly due to the limitations of the anisotropic elasto-plastic material property model used for the scaffold. Average maximum values of equivalent plastic strain were up to 2.4 times higher in the wide strut designs relative to the narrow strut scaffolds. As well as the concomitant risk of strut fracture, the wide strut designs also exhibited twisting and splaying behaviour at the crowns located on the scaffold end rings. Not only are these phenomena detrimental to the radial strength and risk of strut fracture but they also increase the likelihood of damage to the vessel wall. However, the baseline scaffold design was observed to tolerate significant over expansion without inducing excessive plastic strains, a result which is particularly encouraging, due to post-dilatation being commonplace in clinical practice.

Conclusion
Therefore, the narrow strut designs investigated herein, are likely to offer optimal performance and potentially better patient outcomes. Further work should address the material modelling of next generation polymeric BRS to more accurately capture their mechanical behaviour. Observation of the in-vitro testing indicates that the ArterioSorb$$^{\rm{{TM}}}$$

TM

BRS can tolerate greater levels of over expansion than anticipated.
Horizontal tail buffeting characteristics at wing vortex flow impact
Authors: Stegmüller Julius , Katzenmeier Lukas , Breitsamter Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModern, high-agility aircraft configurations often suffer from tail buffeting at subsonic speeds and medium to high angles of attack. This structural dynamic excitation through the unsteady flow field can result in heavy structural damage and degraded handling qualities. A flexible wind tunnel half model was developed at the Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics of the Technical University of Munich in cooperation with the Department of Acoustics and Vibration of Airbus Defence and Space. To provide enough flexibility, the wing and horizontal tail plane (HTP) are 3D-printed from polylactide (PLA). The model is used to experimentally analyze buffeting and to validate computational buffeting prediction. The objective of the present work is to examine aeroelastic phenomena with the modular designed flexible wind tunnel model. The measurement campaign takes place at the Göttingen type wind tunnel A. The model is equipped with various sensors. For unsteady pressure measurements on the surface of the wing and the HTP, piezo-resistive Kulite pressure transducers are installed on the wing and on the HTP. In addition, the flow field is described on the basis of numerical simulation results. For analyzing the structural response resulting from buffeting, miniature accelerometers are installed at the tips of the wing and the HTP. Strain gauges are used for calculating bending strains. As a reference case, a fully aluminum model is equipped correspondingly, but without strain gauges. Dominant frequencies corresponding to the structural eigenmodes can be identified and are excited in the PLA-setup (Buffeting). The unsteady pressure fluctuations on the surfaces act as the aerodynamic excitation input (Buffet). The measured tip accelerations of wing and tail are compared to simulation results with a one-way coupling CFD-CSM simulation.
Realistic flight conditions on ground: new research facility for cabin ventilation
Authors: Lange Pascal , Dehne Tobias , Schmeling Daniel , Dannhauer Axel , Gores Ingo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new full-scale test bench was developed and set up at the German Aerospace Center in Göttingen to experimentally analyze novel ventilation approaches for aircraft under realistic thermodynamic boundary conditions. The new ground-based test rig represents a modern twin-aisle cabin layout characteristic for long-haul airliners. In addition to having a realistic cabin geometry, it also facilitates the experimental simulation of thermodynamic boundary conditions to study the performance of alternative ventilation concepts for different flight phases (e.g., climbing or cruising). The implemented fuselage elements as well as the floor are temperature controllable. Using this kind of mantle heating/cooling system allows dynamic changes of inner surface temperatures in a range covering the operationally relevant temperature and time scales. With this experimental set-up, a complete flight scenario (i.e., taxiing, climbing, cruising and descent) can be simulated thermodynamically. Thermal manikins were used during the studies to simulate the passenger’s heat impact experimentally. Latest measurement techniques comprising the acquisition of flow velocities, fluid temperatures as well as surface temperatures were used. Based on these data, integral quantities like the mean temperature stratification and mean velocity levels near the manikins, the heat removal efficiency as well as the predicted mean vote and the percentage of dissatisfied passengers were calculated to score the ventilation concepts in terms of passenger comfort for two different operational scenarios under steady boundary conditions.
On the Sombor characteristic polynomial and Sombor energy of a graph
Authors: Ghanbari Nima 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet G be a simple graph with vertex set $$V(G) = \{v_1, v_2,\ldots , v_n\}$$

V

(
G
)

=

{

v
1

,

v
2

,
…
,

v
n

}

. The Sombor matrix of G, denoted by $$A_{SO}(G)$$

A

SO

(
G
)

, is defined as the $$n\times n$$

n
×
n

matrix whose (i, j)-entry is $$\sqrt{d_i^2+d_j^2}$$

d
i
2

+

d
j
2

if $$v_i$$

v
i

and $$v_j$$

v
j

are adjacent and 0 for another cases. Let the eigenvalues of the Sombor matrix $$A_{SO}(G)$$

A

SO

(
G
)

be $$\rho _1\ge \rho _2\ge \cdots \ge \rho _n$$

ρ
1

≥

ρ
2

≥
⋯
≥

ρ
n

which are the roots of the Sombor characteristic polynomial $$\prod _{i=1}^n (\rho -\rho _i)$$

∏

i
=
1

n

(
ρ
-

ρ
i

)

. The Sombor energy $${E_{SO}}$$

E

SO

of G is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of $$A_{SO}(G)$$

A

SO

(
G
)

. In this paper, we compute the Sombor characteristic polynomial and the Sombor energy for some graph classes, define Sombor energy unique and propose a conjecture on Sombor energy.
Experiences of Friendships for Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: A Scoping Review
Authors: Black Melissa H. , Kuzminski Rebecca , Wang Jing , Ang Jessica , Lee Cheryl , Hafidzuddin Siti , McGarry Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFriendships are vital to mental health and well-being. Understanding autistic individuals’ lived experiences of friendship is necessary to support friendship development. A scoping review exploring autistic individuals’ experiences of friendship was undertaken to understand their perspectives of friendship. Electronic database and manual reference searches identified twenty-two studies exploring autistic perspectives of friendship. Results were synthesised using a meta-ethnographic approach across the lifespan. Findings highlight the common and unique experiences of friendship among autistic individuals. While autistic individuals defined friendship based on homophily and propinquity, similar to non-autistic individuals, unique challenges including friendship insecurity, monotropism and efforts to conform to neurotypical social norms, leading to anxiety, were experienced by autistic individuals.
To Derogate or to Restrict? The COVID-19 Pandemic, Proportionality and the Justificatory Gap in European Human Rights Law
Authors: Zysset Alain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I offer an analytical and normative framework to re-visit the question of whether state parties should derogate from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in order to combat the COVID-19 pandemic via harsh ‘lockdown’ measures. It is three-pronged. First, I show that the predominant debate on the (non-)derogation question is informed by a textual approach to adjudication, which severely limits the analytical and evaluative horizon for addressing the issue. Most importantly, it cannot address one salient fact about the effects of lockdown measures, namely their highly disproportionate effects on vulnerable groups and minorities. Second, I argue that proportionality assessment should be the basis for determining whether state parties ought to derogate or not. This is because proportionality’s very purpose is in part to track the effects of state interferences on minorities and vulnerable groups by measuring the disproportionate burden imposed on them. It is also because proportionality assessment has very different requirements between limitation clauses built into the relevant Convention articles (e.g. Article 5, Articles 8–11) and the derogation clause (Article 15) under the ECHR. Surprisingly, while the emerging literature almost always mentions proportionality as an important component of the analysis, it does not investigate the extent to which each regime (derogation or limitation) better performs it, and why. Third, I draw from the philosophical literature on the ‘right to justification’ to clarify the egalitarian and justificatory function of proportionality. Unlike derogation, limitation clauses have a much higher and systematic requirement of justification, which makes the case for non-derogation clearer and stronger.
How Interviewers Navigate Child Abuse Disclosure After an Unproductive Start in Forensic Interviews
Authors: Garcia Francisco J. , Brubacher Sonja P. , Powell Martine B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObtaining abuse disclosure from children in forensic interviews can be challenging for interviewers. The present study explored strategies interviewers used when children did not disclose abuse in response to the initial invitation to provide the interview purpose. The sample included 116 forensic interviews with 4- to 16-year-olds who ultimately disclosed abuse (85% sexual). Interviewer strategies were coded following the non-productive initial invitation until the point of children’s eventual disclosure. Four main types of strategies were found: re-phrasing the initial transition prompt, asking a follow-up question, introducing prior information, and using a minimal encourager (e.g., “Uh-huh”). Strategies were coded as high- or low-quality. Consistent with predictions, 85% of children’s disclosures followed high-quality strategies. In a cycle of effective communication, such interviewer strategies predicted informative child responses, which then led to subsequent high-quality interviewer strategies. Both interviewers and children demonstrated consistency in their question and response patterns, respectively. Coupled with additional exploratory sequential analyses of interviewer-child reciprocal communication and the prior research literature, the present data suggest practical ways that interviewers can break ineffective cycles of communication in the process of obtaining child abuse disclosures.
Health Monitoring of Reuseable Rockets: Basics for Sensor Selection
Authors: Vennitti Andrea , Schmiel Tino , Bach Christian , Tajmar Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith regard to the space field, the number of the sensors has grown for a middle-sized spacecraft from more than 500 at the beginning of the twenty-first century [1] to several thousands for nowadays applications. Meanwhile, Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs) moved their steps from demonstrators to commercial working systems. As a result, Health Monitoring (HM) is conquered its own space in the field and sensors are the primary elements required for implementing a monitoring unit. The innovative concept of reusable rockets requires, from the point of view of HM implementation, not only the evaluation of the vehicle health status but also the prediction of the reusability of the individual subsystems w.r.t. the next launch cycle. Therefore, the goal of this work is divided in two parts. The former is to identify the most critical points for the development of reusable rockets, focusing on theoretical working conditions and analysis or failures. The latter is to discuss the sensing units useful for addressing the defined points, describing the possible innovative approaches for sensing the system conditions. Among them, piezoelectric units, fiber optics, imaging units, and conductive layers can be identified for enhancing the comprehension of the system working conditions.
Emotionalisierung der Politik als Herausforderung der Politischen Bildung – Schlaglichter auf eine fortwährende Debatte
Authors: Weber-Stein Florian 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der Brexit-Entscheidung und der Wahl Donald Trumps zum Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten im Jahr 2016, gefolgt vom erstmaligen Einzug der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in den Deutschen Bundestag 2017, ist das Thema ‚Emotion und Politik‘ auf die Agenda der Politischen Bildung geradezu gespült worden. Seitdem hat sich im Kontext Politischer Bildung ein reger Diskurs herausgebildet: Einerseits wird auf einer theoretischen und methodologischen Ebene nach der Bedeutung von Emotionen in politischen Lernprozessen gefragt. Ausgehend von der Erziehungswissenschaft hat dieser Diskurs inzwischen die geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Didaktiken erreicht und erste Forschungsarbeiten hervorgebracht. Andererseits geht es auf der Ebene praktischer politischer Bildungsarbeit, die angesichts der Herausforderung durch den Rechtspopulismus teilweise verunsichert ist und nach Orientierung sucht, um die Frage, welche Strategien im Umgang mit der Emotionalisierung von Politik im Allgemeinen und dem Rechtspopulismus im Besonderen tragfähig sind. Der Beitrag zieht anhand zentraler Veröffentlichungen der bildungs- und politikdidaktischen Literatur einen Zwischenstand in einer anhaltenden Diskussion.
Physio-biochemical and Agronomic Changes of Two Sugar Beet Cultivars Grown in Saline Soil as Influenced by Potassium Fertilizer
Authors: El-Mageed Taia A. Abd , Mekdad Ali A. A. , Rady Mohamed O. A. , Abdelbaky Ahmed S. , Saudy Hani S. , Shaaban Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn salt-affected soils, more than one approach should be adopted for minimizing the salinity impacts and enhancing the land productivity. The most effective practices in crop management under saline soil are choosing the plant type and variety and exploiting the best nutrient tactics. Under two soil salinity levels (3.54 and 9.28 dS m−1), representing low and high salinity, respectively), two sugar beet cultivars (Romulus and Francesca) were fertilized with three potassium (K) rates (48, 96, and 144 kg K ha−1), in addition to the check treatment (0 kg K ha−1). During two seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, treatments were distributed in a split-split plot design based on a randomized complete block arrangement with three replicates. Several physio-biochemical and agronomic traits, as well as leaf mineral contents and juice quality, were assessed. Briefly, findings illustrated that K at a rate of 144 kg ha−1 enhanced cell membrane stability, relative water content, and performance index by 1.17, 1.01, and 2.73 times, respectively, in high salinity soil, compared to low salinity × no K addition. Under high salinity, the addition of 48 and 144 kg K ha−1 recorded the highest values of total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity, respectively. In high salinity soil, K supplying (144 kg ha−1) caused the maximum improvements in gross and white sugar content with a decrease of 42.0% in sodium content and an increase of 35.9% in root yield ha−1. Romulus cultivar fertilized with 144 kg K ha−1 had the maximum relative water content, Fv/Fm, and performance index. Francesca cultivar with 144 kg K ha−1 was the potent combination for increasing total soluble sugars, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant activity. Romulus cultivar fertilized with 144 kg K ha−1 was the best practice for improving all agronomic traits of sugar beet. It could be concluded that a high potassium rate, i.e., 144 kg K ha−1, reduced the injury ionic impacts of saline soils along with improving the genetic makeup of sugar beet cultivars, expressed in sugar yield and quality. However, all other attempts for reclamation of the saline soil should be adopted for increasing the potentiality of K fertilizer and enhancing gene expressions of different sugar beet varieties.
Numerical methods for the hyperbolic Monge-Ampère equation based on the method of characteristics
Authors: Bertens M. W. M. C. , Vugts E. M. T. , Anthonissen M. J. H. , ten Thije Boonkkamp J. H. M. , IJzerman W. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present three alternative derivations of the method of characteristics (MOC) for a second order nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) in two independent variables. The MOC gives rise to two mutually coupled systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). As a special case we consider the Monge–Ampère (MA) equation, for which we present a general method of determining the location and number of required boundary conditions. We solve the systems of ODEs using explicit one-step methods (Euler, Runge-Kutta) and spline interpolation. Reformulation of the Monge–Ampère equation as an integral equation yields via its residual a proxy for the error of the numerical solution. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance and convergence of the methods.