bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Drug Administration for the Control of Scabies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lake Susanna J , Kaldor John M , Hardy Myra , Engelman Daniel , Steer Andrew C , Romani Lucia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin that can lead to impetigo, serious secondary bacterial infections and immune-mediated diseases. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been reported in several studies to reduce the prevalence of scabies and impetigo. We aimed to assess the efficacy of MDA for scabies on scabies and impetigo.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of reports on the impact of MDA on scabies and impetigo. We included randomized control trials and observational evaluations reported from January 1970 to April 2021 and involving human participants. We searched PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. We considered MDA as treatment intended for the whole population, regardless of individual infection status or symptoms. The main outcome assessed was the change in scabies and impetigo prevalence following MDA. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020169839).

Results
We identified 1110 records, of which 11 met inclusion criteria for the review and 9 were deemed suitable for meta-analysis for scabies and 4 for impetigo. Most studies were in small populations. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies (I2 value 96.19%). The overall relative reduction of the impact of MDA on scabies prevalence was 79%. The effect size was comparable for MDA based on ivermectin and permethrin. MDA for scabies also led to a reduction in impetigo prevalence with a relative reduction of 66%.

Conclusions
MDA for scabies is highly effective in reducing the prevalence of scabies and impetigo. Further research is needed to determine the durability of impact, and the effectiveness of MDA regimens in larger populations.
Population Mobility and Aging Accelerate the Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Deep South: A County-Level Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Zeng Chengbo , Zhang Jiajia , Li Zhenlong , Sun Xiaowen , Yang Xueying , Olatosi Bankole , Weissman Sharon , Li Xiaoming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Population mobility and aging at local areas contributed to the geospatial disparities in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission among 418 counties in the Deep South. In predicting the incidence of COVID-19, a significant interaction was found between mobility and the proportion of older adults. Effective disease control measures should be tailored to vulnerable communities.
Characteristics of Reported Deaths Among Fully Vaccinated Persons With Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States, January–April 2021
Authors: François Watkins Louise K , Mitruka Kiren , Dorough Layne , Bressler Sara S , Kugeler Kiersten J , Sadigh Katrin S , Birhane Meseret G , Nolen Leisha D , Fischer Marc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly efficacious, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections do occur after vaccination. We characterized COVID-19 cases among fully vaccinated persons with an outcome of death.

Methods
We analyzed COVID-19 cases voluntarily reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by US health departments from 1 January to 30 April 2021. We included cases among US residents with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result ≥14 days after completion of an authorized primary vaccine series and who had a known outcome (alive or dead) as of 31 May 2021. When available, specimens were sequenced for viral lineage and death certificates were reviewed for cause(s) of death.

Results
Of 8084 fully vaccinated persons with reported COVID-19 during the surveillance period, 245 (3.0%) died. Compared with patients who remained alive, those who died were older (median age, 82 vs 57 years;), more likely to reside in a long-term care facility (51% vs 18%), and more likely to have ≥1 underlying health condition associated with risk for severe disease (64% vs 24%) (all P &lt; .01). Among 245 deaths, 191 (78%) were classified as COVID-19 related. Of 106 deaths with available death certificates, COVID-19 was listed for 81 deaths (77%). There were no differences in the type of vaccine administered or the most common viral lineage (B.1.1.7).

Conclusions
COVID-19 deaths are rare in fully vaccinated persons, occurring most commonly in those with risk factors for severe disease, including older age and underlying health conditions. All eligible persons should be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and follow other prevention measures to mitigate exposure risk.
Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and risk of dementia in chronic kidney disease patients: why are blood pressure changes so important in cognitive functions?
Authors: Yavuz Furkan , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cognitive functional impairment or dementia in addition to cardiovascular diseases. Aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of CKD in elderly patients are making dementia more prevalent. Blood pressure (BP) variability is an important risk factor for dementia. Although ample data link high BP variability with the risk of dementia in the general population, data on CKD patients are scarce. An observational cohort study conducted by Park et al., including 103 139 patients, demonstrated a strong association between higher visit-to-visit BP variability and increased risk of dementia in CKD patients. Both higher systolic and diastolic BP variabilities were associated with any type of dementia, including Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. Physicians must be aware of BP variability when evaluating CKD patients with hypertension.
Real-World Treatment Patterns and Physician Preferences for Biologics in Moderate-to-Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Retrospective Chart Review in Europe
Authors: Huynh Lynn , Hass Steve , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Duh Mei Sheng , Sipsma Heather , Cheng Mu , Lax Angie , Nag Arpita 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
With many options available for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Europe, this study sought to characterize physician treatment preferences and real-world treatment patterns in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
This was a retrospective, noninterventional, physician-administered study. Gastroenterologists and general practitioners (n = 348) in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom provided information on treatment preferences and extracted information from records of patients with moderate-to-severe UC (n = 587) or CD (n = 417) who had received biologic, biosimilar or Janus kinase inhibitor therapies (2014–2019) and had IBD-related medical history available 6 months before and after treatment initiation.

Results
Physicians largely preferred infliximab and adalimumab or their biosimilars as first-line therapy for UC (originators, 65.8%; biosimilars, 26.1%) and CD (originators, 61.8%; biosimilars, 30.5%). Effectiveness was the most cited reason for treatment preference (92%–93% of physicians). Three-quarters of patients (UC, 75.8%; CD, 73.6%) received infliximab or adalimumab originators in the first line, with more patients receiving infliximab biosimilars than adalimumab biosimilars (12.4%–12.5% and 0.5%–4.1%, respectively, across UC and CD). Persistence was longer for first-line infliximab than adalimumab (UC, 26.6 vs 21.2 months; CD, 31.2 vs 26.7 months) and was generally shorter for their respective biosimilars. Nonbiologic treatments were used in combination with biologics in 14.1% (UC) and 11.5% (CD) of patients. Most patients received 1 biologic therapy (UC, 90.6%; CD, 83.2%); only 9.4% (UC) and 16.8% (CD) received a second biologic.

Conclusions
Infliximab and adalimumab originators dominated first-line biologic therapy for moderate-to-severe UC and CD. Understanding real-world treatment patterns can help assess new treatment uptake and suggest opportunities for improving treatment.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of an alpine plant Crucihimalaya lasiocarpa provides insights into high-altitude adaptation
Authors: Feng Landi , Lin Hao , Kang Minghui , Ren Yumeng , Yu Xi , Xu Zhanpeng , Wang Shuo , Li Ting , Yang Wenjie , Hu Quanjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It remains largely unknown how plants adapt to high-altitude habitats. Crucihimalaya (Brassicaceae) is an alpine genus occurring in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau characterized by cold temperatures and strong ultraviolet radiation. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome for C. lasiocarpa with a total size of 255.8 Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 31.9 Mb. We first examined the karyotype origin of this species and found that the karyotype of five chromosomes resembled the ancestral karyotype of the Brassicaceae family, while the other three showed strong chromosomal structural variations. In combination with the rough genome sequence of another congener (C. himalaica), we found that the significantly expanded gene families and positively selected genes involved in alpine adaptation have occurred since the origin of this genus. Our new findings provide valuable information for the chromosomal karyotype evolution of Brassicaceae and investigations of high-altitude environment adaptation of the genus.
A 0/1h-algorithm using cardiac myosin-binding protein C for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction
Authors: Kaier Thomas E , Twerenbold Raphael , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Nestelberger Thomas , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Alaour Bashir , Huber Iris-Martina , Zhi Yuan , Koechlin Luca , Wussler Desiree , Wildi Karin , Shrestha Samyut , Strebel Ivo , Miro Oscar , Martín-Sánchez Javier F , Christ Michael , Kawecki Damien , Keller Dagmar I , Rubini Gimenez Maria , Marber Michael , Mueller Christian ,   APACE Investigators, Freese Michael , Ratmann Paul David , Prepoudis Alexandra , Gualandro Danielle M , Geigy Nicolas , Reichlin Tobias , Rentsch Katharina , Maier Mario , Troester Valentina , Gehrke Juliane , Coscia Tania , Glarner Noemi , Schoepfer Hadrien , Buechi Michael , Walter Joan , Sanchez Ana Yufera , Puelacher Christian , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Sanzione Alessandra , Schäfer Ibrahim , Hillinger Petra , López Beatriz , Adrada Esther Rodriguez , Muzyk Piotr , Morawiec Beata , Parenica Jiri , Ganovská Eva , Lohrmann Jens , Buser Andreas , von Eckardstein Arnold , Bingisser Roland , Nickel Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyC) demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for the early detection of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Its dynamic release kinetics may enable a 0/1h-decision algorithm that is even more effective than the ESC hs-cTnT/I 0/1 h rule-in/rule-out algorithm.

Methods and results
In a prospective international diagnostic study enrolling patients presenting with suspected NSTEMI to the emergency department, cMyC was measured at presentation and after 1 h in a blinded fashion. Modelled on the ESC hs-cTnT/I 0/1h-algorithms, we derived a 0/1h-cMyC-algorithm. Final diagnosis of NSTEMI was centrally adjudicated according to the 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Among 1495 patients, the prevalence of NSTEMI was 17%. The optimal derived 0/1h-algorithm ruled-out NSTEMI with cMyC 0 h concentration below 10 ng/L (irrespective of chest pain onset) or 0 h cMyC concentrations below 18 ng/L and 0/1 h increase &lt;4 ng/L. Rule-in occurred with 0 h cMyC concentrations of at least 140 ng/L or 0/1 h increase ≥15 ng/L. In the validation cohort (n = 663), the 0/1h-cMyC-algorithm classified 347 patients (52.3%) as ‘rule-out’, 122 (18.4%) as ‘rule-in’, and 194 (29.3%) as ‘observe’. Negative predictive value for NSTEMI was 99.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 98.9–100%]; positive predictive value 71.1% (95% CI 63.1–79%). Direct comparison with the ESC hs-cTnT/I 0/1h-algorithms demonstrated comparable safety and even higher triage efficacy using the 0h-sample alone (48.1% vs. 21.2% for ESC hs-cTnT-0/1 h and 29.9% for ESC hs-cTnI-0/1 h; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The cMyC 0/1h-algorithm provided excellent safety and identified a greater proportion of patients suitable for direct rule-out or rule-in based on a single measurement than the ESC 0/1h-algorithm using hs-cTnT/I.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00470587.
Case report: Mechanical mitral prosthetic valve thrombosis in the context of COVID-19 despite effective anticoagulation
Authors: Jeckelmann Clarisse , Djokic Bojan , Duchatelle Valérie , Girod Grégoire 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The SARS-CoV2 virus has been an emerging virus since December 2019 and is the cause of a global pandemic whose clinical manifestations extend far beyond respiratory disease.

Case summary
A patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 respiratory infection, carrying a mechanical mitral valve and under anticoagulation, was admitted to our cardiology department because of a new atrial fibrillation, which turned out to be related to thrombosis of the mitral mechanical valve.

Conclusion
The pro-coagulant effect of the SARS-CoV2 virus does not spare patients at risk of thrombosis, even under effective anticoagulation. In patients with mechanical valves under vitamin K antagonist treatment, there is a high risk of thrombus formation. The treatment is based on thrombolysis by therapeutic anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, or surgery depending on the size, composition of thrombus, and clinical manifestation.
Prognostic factors of 10-year mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a secondary analysis of the arterial revascularization trial
Authors: Talukder Suprateeka , Dimagli Arnaldo , Benedetto Umberto , Gray Alastair , Gerry Stephen , Lees Belinda , Krzych Łukasz , Gaudino Mario , Taggart David P , Flather Marcus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this investigation was to determine the preoperative prognostic factors of long-term (10-year) mortality in patients treated with isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the arterial revascularization trial (ART).

METHODS
A post hoc analysis of the ART was conducted. Cumulative 10-year mortality was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prospectively collected preoperative data were used to determine the prognostic factors of 10-year all-cause mortality in patients who participated in the ART (Cox proportional hazards model).

RESULTS
A total of 3102 patients who participated in the ART were included in the analysis. Ten-year follow-up was completed in 3040 patients (98%). A total of 644 patients (20.8%) had died by 10 years. Preoperative factors that were identified as statistically significant predictors of 10-year mortality in the multivariable analysis (all P ≤ 0.01) were: left ventricular ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, age, diabetes, prior cerebrovascular event (stroke or transient ischaemic attack), serum creatinine and smoking status. The following variables were significantly associated in univariable models but did not retain significance in the multivariable model for mortality: non-Caucasian ethnicity, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and prior myocardial infarction.

CONCLUSIONS
Independent predictors of 10-year mortality in the ART were multifactorial. Several key independent predictors of 10-year mortality in the ART were identified including: heart function, renal function, cerebrovascular disease, age, atrial fibrillation, smoking status and diabetes. Understanding which preoperative variables influence long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting may help to target treatments to those at higher risk to reduce mortality.
Effects of the harvesting technique and external stenting on progression of vein graft disease 2 years after coronary artery bypass
Authors: Sandner Sigrid E , Donovan Terrence John , Edelstein Stav , Puskas John D , Angleitner Philipp , Krasopoulos George , Channon Keith , Gehrig Thomas , Rajakaruna Cha , Ladyshenskij Leonid , De Silva Ravi , Bonaros Nikolaos , Bolotin Gil , Jacobs Stephan , Thielmann Matthias , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Ohri Sunil , Lipey Alexander , Friedrich Ivar , Taggart David P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In a post hoc analysis of the VEST III trial, we investigated the effect of the harvesting technique on saphenous vein graft (SVG) patency and disease progression after coronary artery bypass grafting.

METHODS
Angiographic outcomes were assessed in 183 patients undergoing open (126 patients, 252 SVG) or endoscopic harvesting (57 patients, 114 SVG). Overall SVG patency was assessed by computed tomography angiography at 6 months and by coronary angiography at 2 years. Fitzgibbon patency (FP I, II and III) and intimal hyperplasia (IH) in a patient subset were assessed by coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound, respectively, at 2 years.

RESULTS
Baseline characteristics were similar between patients who underwent open and those who underwent endoscopic harvesting. Open compared with endoscopic harvesting was associated with higher overall SVG patency rates at 6 months (92.9% vs 80.4%, P = 0.04) and 2 years (90.8% vs 73.9%, P = 0.01), improved FP I, II and III rates (65.2% vs 49.2%; 25.3% vs 45.9%, and 9.5% vs 4.9%, respectively; odds ratio 2.81, P = 0.09) and reduced IH area (-31.8%; P = 0.04) and thickness (-28.9%; P = 0.04). External stenting was associated with improved FP I, II and III rates (odds ratio 2.84, P = 0.01), reduced IH area (-19.5%; P &lt; 0.001) and thickness (-25.0%; P &lt; 0.001) in the open-harvest group and reduced IH area (-12.7%; P = 0.01) and thickness (-9.5%; P = 0.21) in the endoscopic-harvest group.

CONCLUSIONS
A post-hoc analysis of the VEST III trial showed that open harvesting is associated with improved overall SVG patency and reduced IH. External stenting reduces SVG disease progression, particularly with open harvesting.
Strength of EU-level food environment policies and priority recommendations to create healthy food environments
Authors: Djojosoeparto Sanne K , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Murrin Celine , Stanley Isobel , Romaniuk Piotr , Harrington Janas M , Poelman Maartje P ,   the PEN Consortium
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Food environments impact on diets, obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Government policies are essential to create healthy food environments. This study aimed to assess the strength of European Union (EU)-level policies, and identify and prioritize actions for the EU to create healthy food environments.

Methods
The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was applied. The Food-EPI included 26 policy and 24 infrastructure support indicators. Independent experts (n = 31) rated the strength of EU-level policies and infrastructure support for each of these indicators (on a 5-point scale, from very weak to very strong) and identified and prioritized actions to improve food environments.

Results
For 65% of the 26 policy indicators, EU-level policies were rated as weak and for 23% as very weak. For 63% of the 24 infrastructure support indicators, EU-level policies were rated as moderate and for 33% as weak. The experts recommended 18 policy and 19 infrastructure support actions to the EU. The Top 5 prioritized policy actions included three actions in the food composition domain (e.g. setting mandatory food composition targets), one action in the food prices domain and one action in the food promotion domain. The Top 5 prioritized infrastructure support actions included three actions in the leadership domain (e.g. developing a high-level NCDs Prevention Strategy) and two actions in the monitoring domain.

Conclusions
There is large potential for the EU to strengthen its policies and infrastructure support in order to improve food environments. This study specifies priority actions for the EU to create healthy food environments.
16S rRNA gene sequence diversity in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-complex taxa has marked impacts on quantitative analysis
Authors: Tanno Hiroki , Maeno Shintaro , Salminen Seppo , Gueimonde Miguel , Endo Akihito 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has been suggested as a biomarker of a healthy microbiota in human adults. Here, we report a taxonomic study of F. prausnitzii using genomic information and evaluation of the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay by focusing on specific primers to quantify its population. Average nucleotide identity values revealed that strains deposited as F. prausnitzii in a public database were separated into eight genomogroups with significant differences at the species level. A total of six of the 10 primer pairs used in the previous studies for qPCR of F. prausnitzii contained sequence mismatches to 16S rRNA gene sequences of the tested strains with markedly different levels by in silico analysis. In vitro primer evaluation by qPCR generally agreed with the in silico analysis, and markedly reduced amount of DNA was recorded by qPCR in combination with the primer pairs containing sequence mismatches. The present study demonstrated that a part of the accumulated knowledge on F. prausnitzii is maybe based on biased results.
A deep learning framework for characterization of genotype data
Authors: Ausmees Kristiina , Nettelblad Carl 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dimensionality reduction is a data transformation technique widely used in various fields of genomics research. The application of dimensionality reduction to genotype data is known to capture genetic similarity between individuals, and is used for visualization of genetic variation, identification of population structure as well as ancestry mapping. Among frequently used methods are principal component analysis, which is a linear transform that often misses more fine-scale structures, and neighbor-graph based methods which focus on local relationships rather than large-scale patterns. Deep learning models are a type of nonlinear machine learning method in which the features used in data transformation are decided by the model in a data-driven manner, rather than by the researcher, and have been shown to present a promising alternative to traditional statistical methods for various applications in omics research. In this study, we propose a deep learning model based on a convolutional autoencoder architecture for dimensionality reduction of genotype data. Using a highly diverse cohort of human samples, we demonstrate that the model can identify population clusters and provide richer visual information in comparison to principal component analysis, while preserving global geometry to a higher extent than t-SNE and UMAP, yielding results that are comparable to an alternative deep learning approach based on variational autoencoders. We also discuss the use of the methodology for more general characterization of genotype data, showing that it preserves spatial properties in the form of decay of linkage disequilibrium with distance along the genome and demonstrating its use as a genetic clustering method, comparing results to the ADMIXTURE software frequently used in population genetic studies.