bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma-assisted combustion with nanosecond discharges. I: Discharge effects characterization in the burnt gases of a lean flame
Authors: Minesi N Q , Blanchard V P , Pannier E , Stancu G D , Laux C O 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The prediction of a flame response to plasma assistance requires extensive knowledge of discharge-induced plasma kinetics. Detailed studies of nanosecond discharges are common in N2/O2 and fresh combustible mixtures but are still lacking in burnt gases. To fill this gap, we define a reference test case and investigate the effects of nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharges placed in the recirculation zone of a lean (Φ = 0.8) CH4-air bluff-body stabilized flame at atmospheric pressure. In this zone, the plasma discharge is created in a mixture of burnt gases. Quantitative optical emission spectroscopy, coupled with measurements of electrical energy deposition, is performed to provide temporally (2 ns) and spatially (0.5 mm) resolved evolutions of the temperatures and concentrations of N2(B), N2(C), N2
+(B), OH(A), NH(A), and CN(B) in the discharge. At steady state, the 10-ns pulses deposit 1.8 mJ at a repetition frequency of 20 kHz. Spatially resolved temperature profiles are measured during the discharge along the interelectrode gap. The temperature variations are more pronounced near the electrodes than in the middle of the gap. On average, the gas temperature increases by approximately 550 K. The heat release corresponds to about 20% of the total deposited electric energy. The electron number density, measured by Stark broadening of H

α
, increases up to about 1016cm−3. These characteristics allow to classify the discharge as a non-equilibrium NRP spark, as opposed to the thermal NRP spark where the temperature can reach 40 000 K and the degree of ionization is close to 100%. These measurements will serve (i) as a reference for future studies in the mini-PAC burner at the same conditions, (ii) to test discharge kinetic models, and (iii) to derive a simplified model of plasma-assisted combustion, which will be presented in companion paper.
High optical gain in InP-based quantum-dot material monolithically grown on silicon emitting at telecom wavelengths
Authors: Balasubramanian Ramasubramanian , Sichkovskyi Vitalii , Corley-Wiciak Cedric , Schnabel Florian , Popilevsky Larisa , Atiya Galit , Khanonkin Igor , Willinger Amnon J , Eyal Ori , Eisenstein Gadi , Reithmaier Johann Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We describe the fabrication process and properties of an InP based quantum dot (QD) laser structure grown on a 5° off-cut silicon substrate. Several layers of QD-based dislocation filters embedded in GaAs and InP were used to minimize the defect density in the QD active region which comprised eight emitting dot layers. The structure was analyzed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence. The epitaxial stack was used to fabricate optical amplifiers which exhibit electroluminescence spectra that are typical of conventional InAs QD amplifiers grown on InP substrates. The amplifiers avail up to 20 dB of optical gain, which is equivalent to a modal gain of 46 cm−1.
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiated induced changes in optical properties of PVA/Ag nanocomposite films
Authors: Nain Aditi , Dahiya Sanjay , Chahal Rishi Pal , Dhanda Ekta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PVA/Ag nanocomposite with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was successfully synthesized by the solution casting method. The effect of concentration of Ag NPs and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on optical and structural properties of PVA/Ag nanocomposites were investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The presence of an absorption peak at around 410 nm recorded by UV-Vis spectrophotometer shows silver nanoparticles are formed. The absorption spectra for prepared nanocomposites recorded over the wavelength range of 200–700 nm shows the intensity of absorption band increases with an increase in the concentration of Ag NPs and with the increase in time of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Decreases in the broadness of transmission band with an increment in enfeeblement transmission intensity by UV exposure make its use suitable as a bandpass filter. Decrease in the value of the optical band gap from 4.91 eV for pure PVA to 4.32 eV for PVA doped 0.04M Ag was observed which continuously reduces further with an increase in the concentration of Ag NPs (3.67 eV for PVA doped 0.08M Ag). Additionally, as the time for UV exposure increases the value of the optical band gap decreases from 4.32 eV without UV exposure to 3.81 eV and 3.43 eV for UV exposure of 120 min and 240 min respectively for PVA doped 0.04M Ag. This reduction in values of the optical band gap corresponds to the formation of charge formation complexes inside the PVA matrix. Various optical parameters such as refractive index, single oscillator energy, lattice dielectric constant, the strength of interband optical transition, average oscillator strength, etc are calculated for nanocomposite with different concentrations of Ag NPs before and after UV exposure for different times. The refractive index values were observed to increase from 1.69 for pure PVA to 1.85 without UV exposure, which further increases to 2.30 for UV exposure of 240 min for PVA doped 0.08M Ag. FTIR spectra show the interaction between PVA and Ag NPs and show changes caused in the structure of nanocomposite as the time of UV exposure increases.
Limiting energy density and gravity in Riemann-Cartan space-time
Authors: Minkevich A.V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The gravitational interaction is discussed within the framework of gauge gravitational theory
in the Riemann-Cartan space-time. In the case of spatially homogeneous isotopic gravitating
systems the gravitational repulsion at extreme conditions near limiting energy density and the
transition from gravitational repulsion to attraction in dependence on energy density is
studied. The conversion to Friedman regime and the transition to gravitational repulsion at
very small energy densities is analyzed.
Multiple-pole solutions and degeneration of breather solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Chen Junchao , Guo Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on the Hirota’s method, the multiple-pole solutions of the focusing Schrödinger equation are derived directly by introducing some new ingenious limit methods. We have carefully investigated these multi-pole solutions from three perspectives: rigorous mathematical expressions, vivid images, and asymptotic behavior. Moreover, there are two kinds of interactions between multiple-pole solutions: when two multiple-pole solutions have different velocities, they will collide for a short time; when two multiple-pole solutions have very close velocities, a long time coupling will occur. The last important point is that this method of obtaining multiple-pole solutions can also be used to derive the degeneration of N-breather solutions. The method mentioned in this paper can be extended to the derivative Schrödinger equation, Sine-Gorden equation, mKdV equation and so on.
Triggering spin reversal in nanomolecules and nanoclusters on demand
Authors: Yukalov V I , Yukalova E P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spin reversal in magnetic nanomolecules and nanoclusters is considered. A method is suggested allowing us to maintain magnetic polarization in a metastable state for a long time and, also allows us to start the reversal process at any required time. This method can find applications for the operation of storage memory devices and for the regulation of processes in spintronics.
New γ-soft rotation in the interacting boson model with SU(3) higher-order interactions *
Authors: Wang Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interacting boson model with

higher-order interactions offers a new route to enhance our understanding on γ-soft rotation. In this paper,

-like and

-like new γ-softness are observed, in which the corresponding energy levels in the ground and quasi-γ bands can be exactly degenerate and have a partial

dynamical symmetry. The spherical-like γ-softness is not related to the classical

dynamical symmetry. The transitional behaviors of

values of the low-lying levels and quadrupole moment of the

state are also discussed. Spherical-like γ-softness can be used to explain the low-lying spectra and

values in 110Cd normal states.
The research of combustion of solid fuel mixture based on low degree coals of metamorphism of the Kansko-Achinsky coal basin
Authors: Zhuikov A V , Zemlyanskiy N A , Chicherin S V , Junussova L R , Yelemanova A A , Grishina I I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper presents thermal analysis of combustion of Borodinsky brown coal with combustion heat of 16.34 MJ kg-1 and Balakhtinsky brown coal with combustion heat of 20.49 MJ kg-1 and their mixture in the mass proportion of 50/50%. Using the method of extrapolation of curves, the ignition and ignition temperatures of the coke residue were determined. The ignition temperature of Borodinsky coal was 332°C, the combustion temperature was 656°C. The ignition temperature of Balakhta coal was 358°C, the burnout temperature was 672°C. When adding 50% of Balakhta coal to 50% of Borodinsky coal the ignition temperature of the mixture decreased, the burnout temperature did not change, the fuel combustion index calculated in the work decreased and the heat of coal mixture combustion increased.
Numerical study of rotational dynamics of carbon nanotori during intermolecular interaction
Authors: Lun-Fu A V , Bubenchikov A M , Ovchinnikov V A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The group dynamics of the motion of a toroidal carbon molecules is investigated using the approaches of classical mechanics. The model of pair interaction of non-polar particles is used to describe the motion of molecules. The ability of group of nanotori to perform coordinated and directed movements caused by the van der Waals forces is analyzed. The influence of the speed of rotation of molecules on the emergence and suppression of group movement is studied.
Studying the possibility of using fullerenes inside carbon nanotubes as a molecular engine
Authors: Bubenchikov M , Bubenchikov A , Mamontov D , Ovchinnikov V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A simple model of a molecular engine is proposed, which consists of a fullerene dimer with a charge and a carbon nanotube. Calculations of molecular dynamics have been carried out, which help to estimate the efficiency of fullerene dimers as a molecular rotor. A dimer placed inside a carbon nanotube will move along the axis of the nanotube, but at the same time it needs to be given a lot of energy in order for it to leave it. The ability of molecules to move along a container is studied mechanically.
Study of the influence of the dzhanibekov effect on the dynamic state of fullerene C100
Authors: Bubenchikov M , Mamontov D , Azheev A , Azheev S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The most unsymmetrical fullerene from the class of C100 isomers was preselected. For such a fullerene, the moments of inertia with respect to the principal axes for its center of mass differ in the most significant way. This made it possible to highlight the intermediate axis of inertia. Molecular dynamics calculations of the fullerene isomer C100 (CS) have been performed under various initial conditions. By analyzing the angles and rates of rotation of the isomer, the contribution of the effect of the intermediate axis theorem to the dynamics of fullerene at room temperature is investigated.
Evaporation of a sessile droplet pinned by a groove on a heated substrate
Authors: Kunts K A , Kochkin D Y , Kabov O A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The process of evaporation of sessile water droplets on a heated substrate was experimentally studied. A droplet evaporation is a fundamental phase change process which requires thorough consideration in various conditions. In this work we investigated the evaporation of water droplets on the smooth copper substrate with a circle groove made on its surface, which helped to keep the sessile droplet stable. Thus, the contact area of the evaporating droplet with the substrate remained constant, while the contact angle varied over a wide range. The experiment was conducted with a help of Krüss DSA100.
Flow boiling of HFE-7100 in a minichannel with local heating
Authors: Belosludtsev V V , Zaitsev D V , Kabov O A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flow boiling of dielectric fluids for cooling of modern electronics is appealing due to low saturation temperatures of such fluids. In the current paper the flow boiling experiments of HFE-7100 dielectric fluid were performed in a locally heated minichannel with height of 1.5 mm and were compared to flow boiling of pure water. A significant decrease in heat transfer performance and critical heat flux is observed for HFE-7100 compared to pure water.
Investigation of the gas-liquid flow hydrodynamics in minichannels of solar collectors under isothermal conditions
Authors: Chinnov E A , Ronshin F V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the paper the new experimental data are presented to study the gas-liquid flow in minichannels with a thickness of 1 mm and 1.2 mm in isothermal conditions. The design (fluid input conditions) and the width of the channels were changed. The boundaries between the patterns of the gas-liquid flow were determined. Gas-liquid flow regimes maps were created. The patterns of a gas-liquid flow and transition between flow patterns were analyzed in detail. It made possible to find out the features of the gas-liquid flow in the solar collectors minichannels.
Modeling of heat transfer during the desublimation of substances into refrigerated containers
Authors: Gubanov S M , Moiseeva K M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the theoretical and computational analysis of the thermal processes during the desublimation of uranium hexafluoride and hydrogen fluoride in refrigerated containers. The technological scheme of the hydrogen fluoride desublimation in the containers refrigerated by the cold air is presented. We have substantiated the desublimation method of the uranium hexafluoride residues and hydrogen fluoride from the process stream into one container. The paper also provides the estimation of the maximum container loading, when the pressure of the saturated vapors above the surface of the desublimated mixture reaches the limiting value.
Studies of Dynamic Processes and Simulation Results in the Exchange of Energy in Energy Components
Authors: Kibartene Yulia , Kibartas Victor , Melnikov Viktor , Zigangirova Yelena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper presents some results of numerical simulation of processes for the problem of stabilization of thermal regimes at dynamic exchange of thermal energy in the energy components of generation, cogeneration, trigeneration (polygeneration with H2C), described by aperiodic links with delay and perturbations. The results of the research are presented in relative values for the comparison of the open-loop heat exchange system with perturbations and for the control options by deviation of the output coordinate, as well as by perturbation and by their combination. In particular, in the form of graphical dependences of the output temperature, dynamic perturbation and control action for five predetermined variants of parameters of dynamic links with the calculated duration of processes of 200 seconds. This makes it possible to study the stabilizing properties of heat exchange equipment when they are used in similar technologies for coal-fired, gas-fired or other thermal power plants, as well as for industrial process thermal equipment. The simulation tool MatlabSimulink was used.
Analysis of Possibilities for Involvement of H2C Technologies and RE-Components in Heat Generation Industrial Systems
Authors: Kibartene Yulia , Kibartas Victor , Melnikov Viktor , Zigangirova Yelena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experience of technologically developed countries in solving the problems of improving the operational efficiency and environmental sustainability of coal-fired power generation of the Republic of Kazakhstan by involving H2C-technology and RE-components is summarized. It is shown that the successful example of technologically developed countries allows to use them as a transfer for energy systems of industrial heat generation in Kazakhstan.
Experimental determination of the air exchange system influence on the thermal conditions of a local working area heated by a gas infrared heater
Authors: Borisov B V , Maksimov V I , Nagornova T A , Vyatkin A V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper describes the results of experimental studies to determine thermal conditions of the local working area under natural and mixed convection states during the operation of a gas infrared heater (GIH). A horizontal panel and a mock-up with a uniform imitating a table and a worker were located in the area of GIH influence. The values of temperatures and heat flux density of the panel surfaces and air around the worker model were obtained during the GIH operation under natural and mixed convection states. It was established that the presence of the forced component of convection practically does not change the thermal conditions of the local working area.
Investigation of the Operating Parameters of Rectifier Devices Using Modern Software Tools
Authors: Zh Sarinova A , Drobinsky A V , Kirichenko L N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rectifier devices that convert alternating voltage into constant voltage are widely used in the energy industry. Laboratory studies allow us to obtain results showing the nature of the time dependencies of the operating parameters of rectifier devices. In this regard, the use of software tools allows for a more accurate, less time-consuming construction of time diagrams of the operating parameters of rectifier devices.
Fragmented tipping in a spatially heterogeneous world
Authors: Bastiaansen Robbin , Dijkstra Henk A , von der Heydt Anna S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many climate subsystems are thought to be susceptible to tipping—and some might be close to a tipping point. The general belief and intuition, based on simple conceptual models of tipping elements, is that tipping leads to reorganization of the full (sub)system. Here, we explore tipping in conceptual, but spatially extended and spatially heterogenous models. These are extensions of conceptual models taken from all sorts of climate system components on multiple spatial scales. By analysis of the bifurcation structure of such systems, special stable equilibrium states are revealed: coexistence states with part of the spatial domain in one state, and part in another, with a spatial interface between these regions. These coexistence states critically depend on the size and the spatial heterogeneity of the (sub)system. In particular, in these systems the crossing of a tipping point not necessarily leads to a full reorganization of the system. Instead, it might lead to a reorganization of only part of the spatial domain, limiting the impact of these events on the system’s functioning.
Long-term trends of direct nitrous oxide emission from fuel combustion in South Asia
Authors: Bansal Sangeeta , Raghuram Nandula , Adhya Tapan Kumar , Rahman Md Mizanur , Tshering Dendup , Dahal Khem Raj , Wakeel Abdul , Aminath Shazly , Safi Zikrullah , Nissanka Sarath , Pathak Himanshu , Aziz Tariq , Naher Umme Aminum , Dandeniya Warshi , Biswas Jatish Chandra , Taneja Jitender , Panda Ananta Narayan , Kaushik Himadri , Jain Niveta , Skiba Ute , Ramachandran Ramesh , Sutton Mark A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An increasing concentration of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the global atmosphere can perturb the ecological balance, affecting the climate and human life. South Asia, one of the world’s most populous regions, is a hotspot for N2O emission. Although agriculture traditionally dominated the region, economic activities are rapidly shifting towards industry and energy services. These activites may become the largest emitters of N2O in future. Yet, few attempts have been made to estimate long-term direct N2O emission from fuel combustion for the different energy-consuming sectors in the South Asian region. Therefore, the present study developed a comprehensive sectoral N2O emission inventory for South Asian countries for the time period of 1990–2017, with projections till 2041. It revealed that the average N2O emission from fuel combustion in the South Asia region is about 40.96 Gg yr−1 with a possible uncertainty of ±12 Gg yr−1, showing an increase of more than 100% from 1990 to 2017. Although India is the major contributor, with an average of 34 Gg yr−1 of N2O emissions, in terms of growth, small countries like Bhutan and Maldives are dominating other South Asian countries. Sector-wise, the residential sector contributed a maximum emission of 14.52 Gg yr−1 of N2O but this is projected to reduce by more than 50% by 2041. This is because of the successful promotion of cleaner fuels like liquefied petroleum gas over more polluting fuelwood. Power generation contributed 9.43 Gg yr−1of N2O emissions, exhibiting a maximum growth of 395%, followed by road transport (289%) and industry (231%). Future N2O emissions from transport, power and industry are projected to rise by 2.8, 3.3, and 23.9 times their 2017 estimates, respectively, due to the incapability of current policies to combat rising fossil fuel consumption. Mitigation options, such as replacing diesel and compressed natural gas vehicles with electricity-driven vehicles, can decelerate N2O emissions to 45% by 2041 for road transport. A 41% reduction is possible by displacing coal with renewables in the power and industry sectors. Overall, the South Asian contribution to global N2O emissions has enlarged from 2.7% in 1990 to 5.7% in 2007–2016, meaning there is an urgent need for N2O emission mitigation in the region.
A study of integrable form factors in massless relativistic AdS
3
Authors: Torrielli Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We show that the massless integrable sector of the AdS
3 × S
3 × T
4 superstring theory, which admits a non-trivial relativistic limit, provides a setting where it is possible to determine exact minimal solutions to the form factor axioms, in integral form, based on analyticity considerations, along the same lines of ordinary relativistic integrable models. We construct in full detail the formulas for the two- and three-particle case, and show the similarities as well as the differences with respect to the off-shell Bethe ansatz procedure of Babujian et al. We show that our expressions pass a series of non-trivial consistency checks which are substantially more involved than in the traditional case. We speculate on the problems concerned in a possible generalisation to an arbitrary number of particles, and on a possible connection with the hexagon programme.
Hypothetically Inspired Electro-Optic Chromophores for Laser Space Communication Applications
Authors: Dashaputre Tanmay , Sheeba Sherlin Y. , Vijayakumar T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the theoretically engineered electro optic chromophore (bromine based) and various characteristics of the chromophore. The simulation of halogen based (chlorine and bromine) electro optic chromophore is done. This chromophore can be especially used in the prospective applications due to its exceptional properties and conclusion drawn from the theoretically engineered electro optic chromophore. The halogens because of their electronic configuration tend to attain the stability with the other compound due to inductive effect. The halogen based chromophore enables the stable charge transfer due to change in the internal energy level The factors responsible for the enhancement of hyperpolarizability of the simulated chromophores which can lead to further advancement in the laser space communications applications are discussed.