bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast full N-body simulations of generic modified gravity: derivative coupling models
Authors: Hernández-Aguayo César , Ruan Cheng-Zong , Li Baojiu , Arnold Christian , Baugh Carlton M. , Klypin Anatoly , Prada Francisco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present mg-glam, a code developed for the very fast production of full N-body cosmological simulations in modified gravity (MG) models. We describe the implementation, numerical tests and first results of a large suite of cosmological simulations for two broad classes of MG models with derivative coupling terms — the Vainshtein- and Kmouflage-type models — which respectively features the Vainshtein and Kmouflage screening mechanism. Derived from the parallel particle-mesh code glam, mg-glam incorporates an efficient multigrid relaxation technique to solve the characteristic nonlinear partial differential equations of these models. For Kmouflage, we have proposed a new algorithm for the relaxation solver, and run the first simulations of the model to understand its cosmological behaviour. In a companion paper, we describe versions of this code developed for conformally-coupled MG models, including several variants of f(R) gravity, the symmetron model and coupled quintessence. Altogether, mg-glam has so far implemented the prototypes for most MG models of interest, and is broad and versatile. The code is highly optimised, with a tremendous (over two orders of magnitude) speedup when comparing its running time with earlier N-body codes, while still giving accurate predictions of the matter power spectrum and dark matter halo abundance. mg-glam is ideal for the generation of large numbers of MG simulations that can be used in the construction of mock galaxy catalogues and accurate emulators for ongoing and future galaxy surveys.
Measurement of spatial fluence distribution of neutrons and gamma rays using MAGAT-type gel detector doped with LiCl for BNCT at Kyoto University Reactor
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi , Kajimoto Tsuyoshi , Mitsuyasu Aruma , Ito Yuto , Hayashi Shin-ichiro , Sakurai Yoshinori , Tanaka Hiroki , Takata Takushi , Bengua Gerard , Endo Satoru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The spatial distributions of neutrons and gamma rays in the epithermal mode of the Kyoto University Reactor were measured using a MAGAT-type polymer gel detector doped with LiCl at 6Li concentrations of 0, 10, 100 ppm. Reasonable distributions for thermal neutrons and gamma rays were obtained for 0 and 100ppm.
Simulated design optimization of a prototype solid tank optical CT scanner for 3D radiation dosimetry
Authors: Ogilvy A , Collins S , Hare W , Hilts M , Tuokko T , Deardon R , Jirasek A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Optical computed tomography (CT) is one of the leading modalities for imaging gel dosimeters. There exist many prototype designs, as well as some commercial optical CT scanners that have showcased the value that gel dosimeters can provide to improve 3D dose verification for radiation treatments. However, due to factors including image accuracy, scan time, or demanding setup and maintenance there is currently no single scanner that has become a ubiquitous staple in a clinical setting. In this work, a prototype solid tank optical CT scanner is proposed that minimizes the need for a refractive index bath commonly found in optical CT systems. In addition to the design proposal, a ray-path simulator was created to optimize the design such that the solid tank geometry improves light collection across the detector array, maximizes the volume of the dosimeter scanned, and maximizes the dynamic range of the scanner.
Rapid manufacture of patient-specific, elastomeric, three-dimensional dosimeters using the FlexyDos3D dosimeter
Authors: Wheatley M J , Y De Deene 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Patient-specific dosimeters are ideal for quality assurance of radiotherapy treatments. Such dosimeters would ideally need to be manufactured in a short amount of time so that the time between initially imaging the patient, treating the patient-specific dosimeter, reading out the dosimeter, and then finally treating the patient, is minimised. 3D printing allows for rapid manufacture of complex 3D objects. The FlexyDos3D dosimeter is a silicone-based material that has enough strength for the dosimeter to hold its shape without a mould or other structure supporting it. A custom 3D printer has been built for making dosimeters from the FlexyDos3D material. Testing of the 3D printer is ongoing.
Study of the use of gel dosimetry in combination with 3D printing phantom for personalized pretreatment QA in radiotherapy
Authors: Colnot J , Chiavassa S , Delpon G , Huet C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In modern radiotherapy, pretreatment patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) generally consists in delivering the treatment plan to a phantom equipped with a detector and in comparing the measured dose and the dose calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) in order to detect any gap between both dose distributions. Dosimetric gels have interesting properties for QA. In this work, the use of gel dosimetry together with a patient-based 3D printed phantom for personalized PSQA is investigated. CT images of a patient with a right mesencephalic brain tumor were used to generate a 3D printed phantom. Then it was filled with water and a radiochromic gel jar and irradiated according to the patient intracranial stereotactic plan using a Novalis TrueBeam STX accelerator. Measured dose distributions agree well with the calculated ones. Regarding 3D gamma-index (1 mm – 2%) estimated within the central 85% of the jar volume, 96.3% of points pass the test. In addition, 86.5% of the points pass the local 2D 3 mm-3% gamma-index. Results are promising but further work is needed to improve the protocol and investigate the possibility to extend it to end-to-end tests.
RSC: A 3D printed eyeball phantom for Sr-90 dosimetry measurements
Authors: Maxwell S K , Crowe S B , Simpson-Page E M , Cassim N , Kairn T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Strontium 90 (Sr-90) has been commonly used in the radiation treatment of pterygia of the eye. A radioactive plaque is placed in an applicator onto the surface of the eyeball for a specific length of time to achieve a desired dose. Dose is usually calculated using source activity and decay, as well as the distance from it to the surface of the eye. However, this assumes a flat eye surface. This investigation used 3D printing to produce an anthropomorphic eyeball phantom on which to perform dosimetry measurements for two different applicator sizes. These doses were compared to planar geometry measurements and a dose difference found. While planar geometry measurements are useful for routine quality assurance, measurements of the effects of the curved surface on dose calculations can provide valuable clinical information.
3D dose delivery QA using couch and gantry mounted cameras
Authors: Ramish Ashraf M. , Farwell Cedar , Alexander Daniel A , Zhang Rongxiao , Gladstone David J , Pogue Brian W , Bruza Petr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
While 2D planar radiation therapy quality assurance techniques suffice for linac verification, a full 3D dosimetry measurement is ideal for robust treatment plan verification. In this study, an optical 3D dose reconstruction technique based on radioluminescence imaging is presented, using two orthogonal views provided by gantry and couch mounted cameras. Both small field and multi-target beam apertures were tested, mimicking typical 3D radiosurgery plans. Pass rates >94% for 3D gamma with 2%/2mm were achieved in all cases. Slice images were used for gamma analysis in each of transverse, sagittal and coronal planes, through the point of maximum dose. This proposed system can enable real-time imaging of beam delivery dynamics in a cylindrical water-equivalent phantom with high spatial resolution 3D reconstruction of the dose distribution, and verification of each beamlet used.
Real time 4D Radiation Gel Dosimetry on the Australian MRI-Linac
Authors: Deene Yves De , Wheatley Morgan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
4D radiation dosimetry using a highly radiation-sensitive polymer gel dosimeter with real-time quantitative MRI readout is presented as a technique to acquire the accumulated radiation dose distribution during image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) on an MRI-Linac. Optimized T2 weighted TSE scans are converted into quantitative ΔR2 maps and subsequently to radiation dose maps. The potential of real-time 4D radiation dosimetry in a theragnostic MRI-Linac is demonstrated in test tubes, for a square beam in a cylindrical gel phantom, for a simple step-and-shoot irradiation in a head phantom and a dynamic arc treatment on a cylindrical gel phantom using a rotating couch. The optimal sequence parameters for maximal dose resolution in the dynamic MRI acquisition will be presented and the trade off between MRI scanning speed and dose resolution will be discussed. A further improvement in temporal resolution using a keyhole imaging approach is the focus of future research.
Reduce Wafer Remnants Through Pre-Assembly Process Optimization
Authors: Vijayakumaran P. , Ramli M. H. M. , Selvam M. , Hamid K. , Atiqah A. , Jalar A. , Bakar M. A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wafer fabrication technology has been seeing exponential growth in recent years. This development is driven by the demand for better reliability, superior performance, and lower cost of electronic consumer products. Generally, the standard soft-soldering wafer backside metallization multilayer stack is AuAs/Ag/Ni/Ag. The present backside metallization being developed is Ti/NiV/Ag as the cost of Ti is almost neglectable compared to Au. However, this new wafer backside metallization leads to increased remnants remaining on the dicing tape after die pickup. The reduced effective area of the die backside surface may cause adhesion issues in the subsequent die attach process. In realizing this essential phase, in pre-assembly process optimization has been carried out using some assessment on the process flow and data analysis through statistical analyses image and measurement of wafer skeleton remnants was taken showing a reduction from 70μm to 40μm in width. This method shows that skipping the baking process in the pre-assembly process will undoubtedly lessen the adhesion with the back metal with mounting tape. Without compromising the saw quality will indeed give a reduced wafer remnant. Henceforth, skipping baking in the pre-assembly process will significantly reduce wafer remnants and further improve die attach process.
The Microstructural and Bioactivity Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Filled with Bioglass For Biomedical Application
Authors: Adzali Nur Maizatul Shima , Dahlan Nur Farahin , Johar Banjuraizah , Baharom Nor Akmah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Magnesium alloy have known as degradable implant material due to biodegradable properties. However, by developed Mg alloy matrix composites containing a bioceramic will produced more biodegradable and does not need second surgical to remove the implants in body. Powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate the AZ91/BG composite by mixing, compacting and sintering. Mg alloy (AZ91) was reinforced with 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt% of bioglass (BG) before compact and sintered at 400°C for 2 hours. The Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction are used to investigate the effect of BG particles addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite AZ91/BG. Bioactivity behaviour was studied by immersion test of AZ91/BG composite into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution for 72 hours. The results showed that as the addition of BG increases from 3 to 9 wt%, the hardness of AZ91/BG decrease from 43.3HV to 27.9HV. The result also showed the formation of protective layers or apatite layer on the surface of AZ91/BG composite after immersed in PBS solution for 72 hours. Phase analysis by XRD shows the presence of peak Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6 as the BG increased from 3 to 9 wt%. As a conclusion, AZ91/3BG shows the optimum composite for biomedical application based on its properties and bioactivity behaviour.
Effects of electrolyte towards copper wire metallurgical interconnection in semiconductor
Authors: Abdul Hamid K. , Badarisman A. H. , Jalar A. , Abu Bakar M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Copper (Cu) wire has been extensively used in the semiconductors industry to replace gold wire because of its cost-effectiveness and high performance. However, it has a massive challenge because of its high oxidation rate, high hardness, and high susceptibility to corrosion which is time-sensitive under environmental conditions. One of the attractive factors to investigate is the electrolytes used in the assembly process of copper wire. However, these electrolyte chemicals may potentially affect the quality of the copper wire bond’s metallurgical interconnection, manifesting as copper corrosion. Therefore, this paper will investigate the mechanism of the electrolyte reaction and the chemicals. In addition, the metallurgical morphology of the copper wire observes through electron microscopy. The results suggest that corrosion occurs with a specific time rate, electrolyte type-dependent and metallurgical interconnection system. The Copper wire bonded on silver (Ag) plated lead frame (Cu-Ag-Cu) interconnection experiences a significant morphological change in most compared with other electrolyte systems. Furthermore, since it is a bimetallic element (Cu and Ag) thus, the corrosion type is galvanic.
Synthesis of Kaolin Geopolymer as Ceramic Reinforcement in Lead-Free Solder
Authors: Mohamad Zaimi Nur Syahirah , Izwan Ramli Mohd Izrul , Mohd Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar , Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al , Chaiprapa Jitrin , Abdul Aziz Mohd Shahrizal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper elucidates the fabrication of kaolin geopolymer as the ceramic material. The kaolin geopolymer ceramic (KGC) was used as a new potential reinforcement in the lead-free solder. The fabrication of KGC was started through combination of alkaline solution of NaOH and Na2SiO3 reaction with kaolin material. The mixture of kaolin geopolymer were prepared and the homogenised mixture were curing for 24 hours. The kaolin geopolymer is sintered at 1200°C and then crushed to produces a fine kaolin geopolymer. The KGC were then mixed with lead-free solder through powder metallurgy technique. The elemental distribution in the KGC was investigated by using Synchrotron Micro-XRF. Meanwhile, the phase analysis involved in KGC and composite solder with addition of KGC were investigated as well.
Investigation on the Effect of Printing Parameters on Flexural properties of 3D Printed Polymeric Scaffolds
Authors: Mohd Tamizi Nur Syahirah , Zainon Nooraizedfiza , Md Deros MohdAzaman , Basri Adi Azrif 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thermoplastic polymers (PLA) are used for bone scaffold reconstruction that helps facilitate the transportation of oxygen and nutrients, including cell activity such as migration, proliferation, attachment, and differentiation. Throughout evaluation of polymer scaffold of its mechanical properties that could heal human body injuries after implantation. However, these ideal parameters for polymeric scaffolds in terms of flexural characteristics are undefined in tissue engineering applications. The Taguchi approach was employed using an orthogonal array L9 to study the ideal print parameters for 3D printing and the elements that most influence flexural qualities, as well as to forecast the highest flexural strength that could be reached with the optimal printing parameter. Furthermore, the flexural test is an appropriate test to evaluate the mechanical properties of the scaffold. The Taguchi technique determined that a printing speed of 90 mm/s, a layer height of 0.2 mm, and a density of 60% infill was the optimal combination of parameters. Besides, Printing speed showed as the most significant factor contribution while the infill density is the lowest contributor. The maximum level of printing speed, the average percentage of infill, and the medium layer height are the best parameter combinations. Parameter optimization on the most influential contributor indicates the printing speed of the specimen. Thus, the parameter for the selected factor in scaffold fabrication was optimized with a significant contribution. The predicted flexural strength was 383.92 MPa, while actual test obtained was 360.221 MPa with an error of 6.57 %.
Influence of recycled wastes on ferrosilicon production in steel making applications: A short review
Authors: Ismail Anis Nadhirah , Ibrahim Mohd Hakim , Mohd Said Rita , Somidin Flora , Ismail Syarifah Aminah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The potential transforming the waste materials into an alternative source was found in iron and steelmaking application that also would solved the world’s most problematic waste stream. Generally, converting the waste materials into auxiliary source only is accessible to certain wastes industries due to its difficulty to recycle hence generally landfilled. Recycling waste materials used in ferrosilicon production as carbon and silica source to control the reduction reaction with iron oxide. The present paper reviews the phase transformation and morphology in the production of ferrosilicon at temperature 1550°C on graphite and plastic waste (bakelite) as the potential carbon materials and silica powder and glass waste (automotive glass - windshield, window glass) as alternatives silica source in production of ferrosilicon. The utilization of carbon material from plastic waste and silica source from glass waste (automotive glass) can be used for ferrosilicon synthesis and CO gas concentration comparable with conventional carbon source (graphite) typical silica source (silica powder). The utilization of recycled wasted is efficient due to enhancement in the reaction with iron oxide thus potentially replacing the conventional materials in ferrosilicon synthesis as well as minimizing the landfill wastes.
Isothermal Oxidation Behaviour of 800H Nickel-Based Alloy
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Hamzah Esah , Ahad Nor Azwin , Nazree Derman Mohd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The behaviour of 800H nickel (Ni)-based alloy under isothermal oxidation condition was study in this paper. The isothermal oxidation behaviour was examined in terms of fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy obtained from heat treatment operation at 1000 °C and 1150 °C, respectively. The heat treated samples were undergo an isothermal oxidation attempt at 500 °C in laboratory air for 500 hours exposure duration. The effects on the oxidation kinetics was examined in terms of weight change measurement. In addition, the effects on the oxide scale growth was observed in terms of phase analysis using XRD technique and surface morphology analysis using FESEM outfitted with EDX spectrometer. As a results, both fine grained and coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy were obey a parabolic rate law showing that the oxide growth rate was followed a diffusion controlled mechanism. Additionally, fine grained 800H Ni-based alloy sample exhibited a inferior oxidation rate compared to coarse grained sample. The XRD analysis exhibited that the oxides scale composed of Cr2O3, TiO2 and MnCr2O4. The observation on the oxide scale morphology indicate that uniform oxide scales were formed on the alloy surface of both samples. However, coarse grained 800H Ni-based alloy recorded an oxide exfoliation which indicate poor oxidation protection.
Mixed Assembly of Lead-free Solder Joint: A Short Review
Authors: Said Rita Mohd , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Ramli Mohd Izrul Izwan , Saud Norainiza , Somidin Flora , Razak Nurul Razliana Abdul , Ismail Anis Nadhirah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The transition from lead (Pb) to Pb-free solder has arisen the need for the development of the reliability of mixed assemblies solder joint research. Mixed assemblies are defined as solder joints that joint together with different compositions or solder forms for example Ball Grid Array (BGA) and solder paste. During the transition period of solder materials, mixed assemblies are still used in electronic packaging. In addition, Pb-free manufacturing has been forced to release some of the product categories since legislation banning the use of lead solder in electronic assemblies. This phenomenon causes health and environmental concern of the Pb solder used in electronic assembly. Hence, some electronic assemblies will continue to use traditional eutectic Sn–Pb solder paste while others will use Pb-free solder paste. This situation indicates that the use of mixed assemblies in electronics manufacturing is still inevitable. This paper presents a projection of the reliability of mixed assembly’s Pb-free solder joint.
Automatic Information Extraction for Financial Events by Integrating BiGRU and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Lu Jiaheng , Liu Weirong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an information extraction method for financial events written in Chinese is proposed. The core entities of the causes and results, as well as the verbs and conditions are extracted from the financial events reported by websites. The method takes the original words and the part-of-speech of words as two inputs. BERT encoder is utilized to transform the original sentences to word-embedding vectors, which then are send to BiGRU to extract the sematic features. And a full-connected network is overlapped on BiGRU to reduce the impact of “covariate shift”. For the second input, the original sentences are cut by Chinese cut-word tool ‘jieba’ to get the part-of-speech of words, which are then transformed by self-attention mechanism to get global dependencies. The two outputs for word-embedding vectors and part-of-speech of words are combined and then decoded by CRF. Finally, the Viterbi algorithm is utilized to get the best sequences. The experiment results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Satellite Segmentation with Pre-trained CNN Models
Authors: Huang Yefei , Xu Tianlai , Zhang Zexu , Cui Hutao , Su Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In a generic satellite relative pose estimation pipeline, finding sufficient features in objects is quite essential to build the correct matching relationship and then solve the relative movement. However, for low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites, since the earth background contains much more texture than objects, an object segmentation process is necessary to provide a prior range for feature extraction. In this work, we address this task with the pre-trained Deeplabv3 and fully convolutional network (FCN). Unlike the fine-tuning or transfer learning processes in other researches, we obtain probabilistic maps from the high-dimensional output of the above-mentioned CNN models and achieve a rough satellite extraction. Our method makes Deeplabv3 and FCN models work in a totally unfamiliar LEO scene and still achieves 0.2927 and 0.2122 in average intersection over union (IoU) respectively.
Software Defect Prediction: An Ensemble Learning Approach
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Jin Chufeng , Zhang Yue , Wang Jingjie , Yuan Bingchang , Li Heng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Software defect prediction plays an increasingly critical role in emerging software systems. However, existing software defect prediction approaches typically suffer from low accuracy due to the under/over fitting problems. To address this problem, we propose an ensemble learning approach to achieve the accurate defect prediction, where various machine learning algorithms, i.e., artificial neural network, random forest, k-nearest neighbour methods are integrated together. The proposed software defect prediction workflow is introduced. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Extensive experiment results verify that our proposed method can improve the defect prediction accuracy when compared with existing methods.