bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation and Validation of Casting Simulation Methodology for Diagnostics of Lamellar Graphite Iron
Authors: Domeij Björn , Belov Ilja , Fourlakidis Vasilios , Dioszegi Attila 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper describes and validates a methodology for implementation of full-scale sand-casting simulation in a general-purpose finite element software, including mold filling, heat transport, solidification kinetics, chemical microsegregation and prediction of microstructure and material properties. The solidification model, customized for gray cast iron, includes novel methods for handling interaction between parallel dendritic and eutectic solidification modes and its impact of their interaction on the final microstructure. The validation involves a previously published gray iron casting experiment and involves comparison of simulated and experimental cooling curves, microstructure parameters and tensile strength. We believe that this is valuable to researchers and engineers seeking to improve the state of the art of casting simulation tools.
Construction of q-Baskakov Operators by Wavelets and Approximation Properties
Authors: Nasiruzzaman Md. , Kilicman Adem , Ayman-Mursaleen Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe use wavelets to define the Kantorovich variant of q-Baskakov type operators, and for $$1\le p< \infty$$

1
≤
p
<
∞

, we study the $$L_{p}$$

L
p

-approximation. Let $$\xi$$
ξ
be any positive constant and $$\Psi _{k}(x)$$

Ψ
k

(
x
)

be any continuous derivative function such that $$\int _{\mathbb {R}}x^{s}\Psi _{k}(x)\mathrm {d}_{q}x=0$$

∫
R

x
s

Ψ
k

(
x
)

d
q

x
=
0

where $$0\le s \le k,\;k\in \mathbb {N}$$

0
≤
s
≤
k
,

k
∈
N

, $$0<q<1$$

0
<
q
<
1

$$.$$
.
For all $$\Psi \in L_{\infty }(\mathbb {R})$$

Ψ
∈

L
∞

(
R
)

suppose the following conditions hold: (i) a finite positive $$\xi$$
ξ
exits with the property $$\sup \Psi \subset [0,\xi ],$$

sup
Ψ
⊂
[
0
,
ξ
]
,

(ii) its first k moments vanish: For $$1\le s \le k,\;k\in \mathbb {N}$$

1
≤
s
≤
k
,

k
∈
N

, we have $$\int _{\mathbb {R}}t^{s}\Psi (t)\mathrm {d}_{q}t=0$$

∫
R

t
s

Ψ

(
t
)

d
q

t
=
0

and $$\int _{\mathbb {R} }\Psi (t)\mathrm {d}_{q}t=1$$

∫
R

Ψ

(
t
)

d
q

t
=
1

. Then in the sense of Haar basis for $$0<q<1,$$

0
<
q
<
1
,

the $$q-$$

q
-

analogue of Baskakov–Kantorovich type wavelets operators are defined by $$\begin{aligned} \left( \mathcal {S}_{r,s,q}\;g\right) (x)=[r]_{q}\sum_{s =0}^{\infty }q^{s -1}B_{r,s,q}(x)\int _{\mathbb {R}}g\left( t\right) \Psi \left( q^{s-1}[r]_{q}t-[s ]_{q}\right) \mathrm {d}_{q}t. \end{aligned}$$

S

r
,
s
,
q

g

(
x
)

=

[
r
]

q

∑

s
=
0

∞

q

s
-
1

B

r
,
s
,
q

(
x
)

∫
R

g

t

Ψ

q

s
-
1

[
r
]

q

t
-

[
s
]

q

d
q

t
.
Culture collections as a source of historic strains for genomic studies in plant pathology
Authors: Ryan Matthew J. , Peck Lily D. , Smith David , Flood Julie , Barraclough Timothy G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe first microbial culture collection was established in 1890, and subsequently, over the course of the twentieth century, the number of culture collections grew substantially. One such collection was the CABI-IMI Genetic Resources Collection, informally initiated at the origins of the Commonwealth Mycological Institute in 1920 and established as a UK National Collection in 1947. Its holdings reflect the activities of CABI in agriculture and the environment. Like many collections, it was originally established as a taxonomic reference resource. Over the years, deposits have included strains isolated from disease outbreaks in major crops from all parts of the world. Recent developments in genome sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis have opened up the potential to characterise historic strains to shed more insights on their biology and evolution. In this paper we describe how the resources held within the CABI-IMI culture collection have helped track the emergence and divergence of Fusarium xylarioides, the coffee wilt pathogen, with a specific focus on the evolution of pathogenicity. Such studies illustrate the value held within the world’s culture collections—their importance in underpinning science and developing our understanding and evolution of plant diseases as well as how the impact of disease can be mitigated in response to climate change, in order to increase yields and feed the world’s burgeoning population.
Blinded by and Stuck in Negative Emotions: Is Psychological Inflexibility Across Different Domains Related?
Authors: Moeck Ella K. , Mortlock Jessica , Onie Sandersan , Most Steven B. , Koval Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPsychological inflexibility is theorized to underlie difficulties adjusting mental processes in response to changing circumstances. People show inflexibility across a range of domains, including attention, cognition, and affect. But it remains unclear whether common mechanisms underlie inflexibility in different domains. We investigated this possibility in a pre-registered replication and extension examining associations among attentional, cognitive, and affective inflexibility measures. Participants (N = 196) completed lab tasks assessing (a) emotion-induced blindness, the tendency for task-irrelevant emotional stimuli to impair attention allocation to non-emotional stimuli; (b) emotional inertia, the tendency for feelings to persist across time and contexts; and global self-report measures of (c) repetitive negative thinking, the tendency to repeatedly engage in negative self-focused thoughts (i.e., rumination, worry). Based on prior research linking repetitive negative thinking with negative affect inertia, on one hand, and emotion-induced blindness, on the other, we predicted positive correlations among all three measures of inflexibility. However, none of the three measures were related and Bayes factors indicated strong evidence for independence. Supplementary analyses ruled out alternative explanations for our findings, e.g., analytic decisions. Although our findings question the overlap between attentional, cognitive, and affective inflexibility measures, this study has methodological limitations. For instance, our measures varied across more than their inflexibility domain and our sample, relative to previous studies, included a high proportion of Asian participants who may show different patterns of ruminative thinking to non-Asian participants. Future research should address these limitations to confirm that common mechanisms do not underlie attentional, cognitive, and affective inflexibility.
Survey Result for E-labeling Initiatives in Asia
Authors: Matsui Rie , Yamaguchi Koji , Lee Jadz Jevz Venzon , Ting Ivy , Khairilisani Destita , Chang Jenny , Seo Jeong-Min , Park Ina , Chee Alice Seat Mee , Quizon Paul Marvin , Harnpramukkul Usanee , Sem Ellen , Nguyen Thuy , Padhye Anagha , Mo Runyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnder the COVID-19 pandemic, various electronic labeling initiatives have accelerated worldwide in the healthcare and pharmaceutical fields as part of a wider digital transformation [1, 2]. Although there is no universal definition of electronic labeling (e-labeling) globally, it is widely understood that e-labeling refers to the product information that is distributed via electronic means. There are 5 factors to be considered in e-labeling, and these are discussed in this publication. APAC is an industry-driven initiative with 13 R&D-based pharmaceutical associations joining from 11 markets in Asia. e-labeling was discussed as a new topic starting in 2020, and a 22-question survey was conducted in November 2021 to understand the current e-labeling status. The survey results showed that e-labeling initiatives were at different levels of maturity in the Asian region, although most markets have started to discuss e-labeling initiatives. Various challenges exist around e-labeling initiatives due to a variety of different approaches being taken in the region. It would be advisable to develop regional guidance on how to proceed with e-labeling initiatives in the Asian region to have a consistent and efficient approach. The close collaboration between agencies, Health Care Professionals (HCPs), patients, and industry associations is important to move e-labeling initiatives forward in Asia.
The Concept of Legitimacy
Authors: Adams N. P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractI argue that legitimacy discourses serve a gatekeeping function. They give practitioners telic standards for riding herd on social practices, ensuring that minimally acceptable versions of the practice are implemented. Such a function is a necessary part of implementing formalized social practices, especially including law. This gatekeeping account shows that political philosophers have misunderstood legitimacy. It is not secondary to justice and only necessary because we cannot agree about justice; instead, it is a necessary feature of actual human social practices, which must be implemented via practitioners’ discretion in changing contexts.
Time Motion Studies for Conduct of Population Monitoring During Functional Radiological Exercises at Community Reception Centers
Authors: Finklea Lauren , Salame-Alfie Adela , Ansari Armin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The objectives of this study were to: validate current capacity estimates for radiological emergency response by collecting time motion observations from stations that would be used for screening and decontaminating populations, and use collected times to evaluate potential impact on current throughput calculations.

Methods:
Time observations were collected at 11 functional radiation exercises across the country and aggregated for analysis for population monitoring activities, including contamination screening, decontamination, and registration. Collected times were compared to published estimates in current planning guidance, and evaluated to determine the suitability of using exercise observations to estimate throughput capacity.

Results:
2532-time observations were collected from 11 functional exercises. Of those, 2380 were validated and used for analysis. Contamination screening times varied greatly from current guidance, ranging from 19% below to 267% above existing estimates. Measurements indicate that capacity to perform contamination screening is significantly overestimated when using current estimates of service times and calculations when compared to observed aggregate service times.i

Conclusion:
Aggregate service time data presented in this study can be used to yield a more realistic estimate of capacity to respond to a radiation event.
The politics of pension policy responses to COVID-19: comparative insights from Chile, Bolivia and Peru
Authors: Carrera Leandro N. , Angelaki Marina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a debate around the world on whether pension systems should be used to support individuals in economic distress. In Latin America, Chile, Bolivia and Peru have passed legislation allowing withdrawals from pension pots, yet with some significant variation. We argue that these measures cannot be simply understood because of the COVID-19 emergency alone but should also take into consideration the combination of legacies from previous pension re-reforms and the political institutional setting. We find that where previous re-reforms have been difficult to implement or have not been implemented at all and the institutional setting makes change difficult, measures that lead to a significant amount of savings being withdrawn may be favoured by political actors as a way to break the stalemate. By contrast, where re-reforms have been largely implemented and the political institutional setting poses few barriers to change, withdrawals may be more limited.
Implications of the loess record for Holocene climate and human settlement in Heye Catchment, Jiuzhaigou, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan, China
Authors: Schmidt Amanda H. , Collins Brian D. , Keen-Zebert Amanda , d'Alpoim Guedes Jade , Hein Anke , Womack Andrew , McGuire Casey , Feathers James , Persico Lyman , Fiallo Dominic , Tang Ya , Simonson Bruce 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe examine the Holocene loess record in the Heye Catchment on the margins of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and China Loess Plateau (CLP) to determine: the region to which the Heye Catchment climate is more similar; temporal change in wind strength; and modification of the loess record by mass wasting and human activity. Luminescence and radiocarbon dating demonstrate loess deposited in two periods: >11–8.6 ka and <5.1 ka. The 8.6–5.1 ka depositional hiatus, which coincides with the Mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum, is more similar to the loess deposition cessation in the TP than to the loess deposition deceleration in the CLP. Grain-size analysis suggests the Heye loess is a mixture of at least three different grain-size distributions and that it may derive from multiple sources. A greater proportion of coarse sediments in the older loess may indicate stronger winds compared with the more recent depositional period. Gravel incorporated into younger loess most likely comes from bedrock exposed in slump scarps. Human occupation of the catchment, for which the earliest evidence is 3.4 ka, postdates the onset of slumping; thus the slumps may have created a livable environment for humans.
Health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products: prevalence and policy implications
Authors: Alcaire Florencia , Vidal Leticia , Machín Leandro , Antúnez Lucía , Giménez Ana , Curutchet María Rosa , Ares Gastón 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe information included on food packages has a crucial role in influencing consumer product associations and purchase decisions. In particular, visual and textual cues on processed and ultra-processed products can convey health-related associations that influence consumer healthiness perception and purchase decisions. In this context, the present work aimed to explore the use of health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products sold in Uruguay to provide insights for policy making. A total of 3813 products from thirty-four different food categories found in four of the most important supermarket chains in Uruguay were surveyed. The textual and visual information included on the packages as well as the nutritional composition of the products were analysed. Results showed that 67 % of the products included at least one health-related cue. Pictures of culinary ingredients, natural and minimally processed foods were the most frequent health-related cue, followed by references to naturalness and claims related to critical nutrients. The prevalence of health-related cues largely differed across product categories, ranging from 100 to 17 %. The relationship between the presence of health-related cues on the packages and the excessive content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases was assessed using a gradient boosting model, which showed limited predictive ability. This suggests that the inclusion of health-related cues on food packages was not strongly related to the nutritional composition of products and therefore cannot be regarded as a healthiness indicator. These results stress the need to develop stricter labelling regulations to protect consumers from misleading information.
Does Public Financing Motivate Electoral Challengers?
Authors: Mancinelli Abigail 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDo attempts to level the financial playing field lead more candidates to run for office? In theory, public financing should increase competition, presumably because additional funding from taxpayers motivates more challengers to run for office. I provide a novel test of this logic with data on all candidates running for state legislature across all US states between 1976 and 2018. The results suggest that public financing exerts a generally positive effect on the total number of candidates running for state legislative office and specifically increases the number of candidates running in elections for every additional year after the passage of public financing. This effect is amplified in states that offer greater amounts of public funds. I conclude that the availability of public financing can be an equalizing force in elections, and that state legislative elections continue to experience increased competition in the years after the introduction of public financing.
Observational Verification of the Cumulative Resilience Screening Index (CRSI) Using Hurricanes, Inland Floods, and Wildfires From 2016 to 2019
Authors: Summers J. Kevin , Lamper Andrea , McMillion Courtney , Harwell Linda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsers can apply three processes to develop confidence in decision‐making tools like models and indices—validation, verification, and observation. The utility of the Cumulative Resilience Screening Index (CRSI) was demonstrated by combining the processes of verification and observation using real‐world natural hazard events (i.e., hurricanes, inland flooding, and wildfires). The ability of CRSI to determine the counties most vulnerable to hazards and least likely to recover quickly from natural hazards is demonstrated using these natural hazard events from outside the original index construction data set. Using Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Michael, the counties in Texas and Florida/Georgia, respectively, experiencing the most damage and the most extended recovery intervals were determined accurately. Similarly, the most vulnerable and least recoverable counties were correctly identified as those associated with the Great Louisiana Flood of 2016. Finally, three different types of wildfires in California were examined to determine the likelihood of recovery and the strength of pre‐event planning. All models and indices developed for use by decision‐makers should consider undertaking this verification or a similar validation operation to enhance user confidence.
Structural Changes Preceding the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Lekima (2019) Under Moderate Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Wang Chendi , Fang Juan , Ma Yiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe early development of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019) under moderate vertical wind shear (VWS) is examined on the basis of a convection‐permitting simulation with the Weather Research and Forecast model. The tropical cyclone (TC) evolves from a tilted vortex to an upright vortex with a meso‐γ‐scale high‐vorticity core and finally to a vortex with a well‐defined eyewall preceding rapid intensification. The shift of the upper‐middle‐tropospheric vortex to the upshear‐left quadrant is critical to the establishment of an upright TC vortex with high vorticity concentrated in the center. As the upper‐middle‐tropospheric vortex reaches the upshear‐left quadrant, it drifts toward the TC center under the horizontal advective effect of VWS, leading to a reduction of TC vortex tilt. The low stability and high humidity below the upper‐middle‐tropospheric vortex together with the fast increase of upper‐middle‐tropospheric vorticity promote the convection around the TC center, which is important to the maintenance of the nearly upright TC vortex and the development of the high‐vorticity core in TC vortex. The evolution of the TC from an upright vortex with a high‐vorticity core to a vortex with a well‐defined eyewall is bound with the convection near the radius of maximum azimuthal‐mean tangential velocity. The convection enhances the boundary‐layer inflow and then the supergradient force above the radially inward side of the strong boundary‐layer inflow. In this way, the convergence within and above the boundary layer is strengthened, favoring the formation of a ring of deep convection and high vorticity. Such processes are similar to those leading up to secondary eyewall formation.
Seasons of Ice: Water Ice Migration and Seasonal Transient Shadow at the Lunar Poles
Authors: Luchsinger Kristen M. , Chanover Nancy J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLunar water ice can be broadly categorized as belonging to one of two populations: deep, ancient, stable deposits, and shallow, transient, recent deposits. However, a third state for lunar ice is also possible. Temporary sequestration occurs when ice is deposited into a transiently shadowed region at the lunar poles. These temporarily sequestered ice deposits are unstable over geologic time scales, but in the short term, are capable of a wide range of migration, sublimation, and retention patterns due to their thermally dependent sublimation and migration rates. We developed a model to characterize the range of possible migration and retention behaviors for temporarily sequestered ice deposits within locations with dynamic illumination conditions. We found that water ice migration, sublimation, and retention varies across the lunar polar environment, with neighboring locations experiencing different illumination and thermal conditions. We found that the residence times of temporarily sequestered ice deposits in some high latitude, non‐shadowed regions can be similar to or greater than the length of time spent above the long term stability temperature of ice during lunar winter months, leading to incomplete removal of surface or near surface ice during the day. We also found that shallowly buried, unstable ice deposits take longer to sublimate than surface deposits, leading to a temporal lag in escaping ice. This work suggests that temporary sequestration can lead to complex ice migration and retention patterns at high latitudes, with ice sublimation efficiency varying across the lunar polar environment due to local, small scale differences in illumination conditions.
Cold Compaction and Macro‐Porosity Removal in Rubble‐Pile Asteroids: 2. Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhongtian , Bercovici David , Elkins‐Tanton Linda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModels of asteroid collisional evolution suggest that many asteroids are gravitationally‐bound rubble piles. Although rubble piles may be expected to retain large void fractions, compaction may reduce the porosity. We apply models for cold compaction of rubble‐pile bodies developed in a companion paper toward observations of asteroid densities. The model for chondritic boulders is applied to S‐type (stony) and C‐type (carbonaceous) asteroids. The relation between density and size of S‐type asteroids is largely explained by cold compaction of rubble piles through fracturing of boulders, under the assumption that boulder size distributions are narrow before fracturing and fractal‐like afterward. The density variation of C‐type asteroids can only partly be explained by this mechanism, and the removal of micro‐voids inside the boulders would be required to match observations. The model for metal boulders is applied to M‐type asteroids, and the results suggest that, because of cold welding between metal boulders and the high yield strength of metal for either ductile or brittle‐like deformation, metallic rubble piles can preserve large (≳50%) porosities if the boulders are ∼1 m in size. This implies that M‐type asteroids such as Psyche and Kleopatra may be purely metallic, even though their densities are less than half that of iron. We also consider the hypothesis that Psyche is a primitive body of a CB chondrite‐like material. Assuming that the strength of CB chondrite is controlled by a silicate matrix, we predict that the density of a Psyche‐sized rubble pile of CB chondrite is higher than that of Psyche.