bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased abundance of a common scavenger affects allocation of carrion but not efficiency of carcass removal in the Fukushima Exclusion Zone
Authors: Gerke Hannah C. , Hinton Thomas G. , Okuda Kei , Beasley James C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 2011 nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan caused the evacuation of > 100,000 people and prompted studies on environmental impacts of radiological contamination. However, few researchers have explored how the human evacuation has affected ecosystem processes. Despite contamination, one common scavenger (wild boar, Sus scrofa) is 2–3× more abundant inside the Fukushima Exclusion Zone (FEZ). Shifts in abundance of some scavenger species can have cascading effects on ecosystems, so our objective was to investigate impacts of the evacuation and the resulting increase in wild boar on vertebrate scavenger communities. We deployed cameras at 300 carcasses in the FEZ and a nearby inhabited area, and quantified carcass fate, scavenger species, and detection/persistence times. We also tested effects of carcass size and habitat on scavenger community composition and efficiency by balancing trials across two carcass sizes and habitats in each zone. Overall scavenger richness and carcass removal rates (73%) were similar in the FEZ and inhabited area, but species-specific carcass removal rates and occurrence differed between zones. Wild boar removed substantially more carcasses inside the FEZ, with implications for nutrient and contaminant distribution. Our results suggest carcass size affects scavenging dynamics more than human activity or habitat, and abundance changes of common scavengers can influence carrion resource allocation.
A spider silk-derived solubility domain inhibits nuclear and cytosolic protein aggregation in human cells
Authors: Schellhaus Anna Katharina , Xu Shanshan , Gierisch Maria E. , Vornberger Julia , Johansson Jan , Dantuma Nico P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to the inherent toxicity of protein aggregates, the propensity of natural, functional amyloidogenic proteins to aggregate must be tightly controlled to avoid negative consequences on cellular viability. The importance of controlled aggregation in biological processes is illustrated by spidroins, which are functional amyloidogenic proteins that form the basis for spider silk. Premature aggregation of spidroins is prevented by the N-terminal NT domain. Here we explored the potential of the engineered, spidroin-based NT* domain in preventing protein aggregation in the intracellular environment of human cells. We show that the NT* domain increases the soluble pool of a reporter protein carrying a ligand-regulatable aggregation domain. Interestingly, the NT* domain prevents the formation of aggregates independent of its position in the aggregation-prone protein. The ability of the NT* domain to inhibit ligand-regulated aggregation was evident both in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments, which are both highly relevant for human disorders linked to non-physiological protein aggregation. We conclude that the spidroin-derived NT* domain has a generic anti-aggregation activity, independent of position or subcellular location, that is also active in human cells and propose that the NT* domain can potentially be exploited in controlling protein aggregation of disease-associated proteins.
MRI-compatible electromagnetic servomotor for image-guided medical robotics
Authors: Hofstetter Lorne W. , Hadley J. Rock , Merrill Robb , Pham Huy , Fine Gabriel C. , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe soft-tissue imaging capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with high precision robotics has the potential to improve the precision and safety of a wide range of image-guided medical procedures. However, functional MRI-compatible robotics have not yet been realized in part because conventional electromagnetic servomotors can become dangerous projectiles near the strong magnetic field of an MRI scanner. Here we report an electromagnetic servomotor constructed from non-magnetic components, where high-torque and controlled rotary actuation is produced via interaction between electrical current in the servomotor armature and the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet of the MRI scanner itself. Using this servomotor design, we then build and test an MRI-compatible robot which can achieve the linear forces required to insert a large-diameter biopsy instrument in tissue during simultaneous MRI. Our electromagnetic servomotor can be safely operated (while imaging) in the patient area of a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner.
Multiscale coupling of surface temperature with solid diffusion in large lithium-ion pouch cells
Authors: Lin Jie , Chu Howie N. , Howey David A. , Monroe Charles W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUntangling the relationship between reactions, mass transfer, and temperature within lithium-ion batteries enables approaches to mitigate thermal hot spots and slow degradation. Here, we develop an efficient physics-based three-dimensional model to simulate lock-in thermography experiments, which synchronously record the applied current, cell voltage, and surface-temperature distribution from commercial lithium iron phosphate pouch cells. We extend an earlier streamlined model based on the popular Doyle–Fuller–Newman theory, augmented by a local heat balance. The experimental data reveal significant in-plane temperature non-uniformity during battery charging and discharging, which we rationalize with a multiscale coupling between heat flow and solid-state diffusion, in particular microscopic lithium intercalation within the electrodes. Simulations are exploited to quantify properties, which we validate against a fast full-discharge experiment. Our work suggests the possibility that non-uniform thermal states could offer a window into—and a diagnostic tool for—the microscopic processes underlying battery performance and cycle life.
Shared knowledge distillation for robust multi‐scale super‐resolution networks
Authors: Na Youngju , Kim Hee Hyeon , Yoo Seok Bong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough developments in deep learning have resulted in considerable perormance enhancements in super‐resolution (SR), they have also caused substantial increases in computational costs and memory requirements. Thus, various compression techniques, such as quantisation, pruning, and knowledge distillation (KD), for single SR models have been introduced. However, multiple SR models are required in the real world to robustly reconstruct low‐resolution (LR) images of varying input sizes. Because of the limited resources, storing multiple models is impossible for mobile devices and embedded systems. In this letter, we propose a multi‐scale SR network using weight‐sharing method to effectively eliminate redundant parameters. To train our multi‐scale SR network and mitigate SR performance degradation due to knowledge confusion, we divide backpropagation into two stages. Furthermore, we propose a compression framework that distils shared knowledge within a multi‐scale SR network. We achieve a compression rate of 94% from storing multiple scales of single SR models, while only compromising 0.3 dB on average in terms of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR).
Wie kam Sepia in die Materia medica? Eine Spurensuche
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungÜber die Entdeckung von Sepia officinalis durch Samuel Hahnemann kursiert
eine sehr bekannte Anekdote in der homöopathischen Literatur: Ein Maler
soll einen in Sepiatinte getauchten Pinsel abgeleckt und dadurch Symptome
entwickelt haben, was Hahnemann zur Arzneimittelprüfung dieser Substanz
inspiriert haben soll.In der vorliegenden Untersuchung konnte keine eindeutige, sichere Quelle
für diese Begebenheit identifiziert werden. Die vielen unterschiedlichen
Varianten der Anekdote legen nahe, dass es sich dabei um eine Legende handeln
könnte.
Microstructured Polymer System Containing Proanthocyanidin-Enriched Extract from Limonium brasiliense as a Prophylaxis Strategy to Prevent Recurrence of Porphyromonas
gingivalis
Authors: Pilatti Fernanda , Isolani Raquel , Valone Larissa , de Paula Mariana Nascimento , Caleare Angelo de Oliveira , Ferreira Sabrina Barbosa de Souza , Bruschi Marcos Luciano , de Medeiros Araújo Daniela Cristina , Guedes Terezinha Aparecida , Hensel Andreas , de Mello João Carlos Palazzo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeriodontal diseases are a global oral health problem affecting almost 10% of the global population. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the main bacteria involved in the initiation
and progression of inflammatory processes as a result of the action of the cysteine proteases lysin- and arginine-gingipain. Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles containing a lyophilized
proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction from the rhizomes of Limonium brasiliense, traditionally named “baicuru” (ethyl acetate fraction), were manufactured. The ethyl acetate
fraction was characterized by UHPLC by the presence of samarangenins A and B (12.10 ± 0.07 and 21.05 ± 0.44%, respectively) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (13.44 ± 0.27%).
Physiochemical aspects of Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles were characterized concerning particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, ethyl acetate fraction release, and
mucoadhesion. Additionally, the presence of the ethyl acetate fraction-loaded microparticles was performed concerning potential influence on viability of human buccal KB cells, P.
gingivalis adhesion to KB cells, gingipain activity, and P. gingivalis biofilm formation. In general, all Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles tested showed strong adhesion to
porcine cheek mucosa (93.1 ± 4.2% in a 30-min test), associated with a prolonged release of the ethyl acetate fraction (up to 16.5 ± 0.8% in 24 h). Preincubation of KB cells with
Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles (25 µg/mL) resulted in an up to 93 ± 2% reduced infection rate by P. gingivalis. Decreased activity of the P. gingivalis-specific
virulence factors lysin- and arginine-gingipain proteases by Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles was confirmed. Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles decreased biofilm formation of P.
gingivalis (97 ± 2% at 60 µg/mL). Results from this study prove the promising activity of Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles containing ethyl acetate fraction microparticles as a
prophylaxis strategy to prevent the recurrence of P. gingivalis.
Malignant Transformation of Recurrent Residual Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Tumor: Significance of Clinical Vigilance and Long-Term Surveillance
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sara , Sayyahmelli Sima , Salamat Shahriar , Başkaya Mustafa K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpidermoid tumors (ET) are slow-growing masses where malignant transformations occur extremely rarely. Malignant transformation warning signs are the rapid-onset, progression, and recurrence of symptoms. The radiologic evidence for malignant transformation is contrast enhancement with rapid growth, observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography scans. Here, we provide a case report of a 68-year-old woman with a long-standing history of left-sided cerebellopontine angle ET who presented with a recent worsening of symptoms, and MRI observation of new ET contrast enhancement. Surgical re-exploration and histopathologic confirmation are mandatory in this setting of recent symptom worsening and MRI observation of rapid mass growth.
5-Aminolevulinic Acid—A Biomarker for Worse Prognosis in IDH-Wildtype II Tumors? Evolution of a Fluorescence-Positive Diffuse Astrocytoma: A Case Report
Authors: Valerio Jose E. , Ochoa Sebastian , Alvarez Sandra , Borro Matteo , Alvarez-Pinzon Andres M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as an intraoperative optical imaging agent in patients with suspected high-grade gliomas (HGGs). However, the application of 5-ALA for low-grade gliomas is still less accepted. Astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant tumors are diffuse infiltrating astrocytic tumors where there is no identifiable border between the tumor and normal brain tissue, even though the borders may appear relatively well-marginated on imaging. Generally, it is considered that 5-ALA cannot pass through a normal blood–brain barrier (BBB). Thus, 5-ALA fluorescence may mean disruption of BBB in grade II glioma.
Case Report A 74-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a right parietal lesion suggestive of a low-grade brain tumor in a surgical resection using 5-ALA, which led to the detection of tiny fluorescence spots during the surgery. The frozen section was consistent with diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II). The patient's postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed complete resection. Eight months after surgery, he began experiencing symptoms again and was admitted with a brain MRI finding consistent with recurrent infiltrating astrocytomas. This required reoperation of the brain tumor resection with 5-ALA. Unlike the first surgery, they observed a high fluorescence intensity; the pathological finding was glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (WHO grade IV). Postsurgical brain MRI showed total resection of the tumor. The patient was discharged 4 weeks after surgery and continued with specialized clinical follow-up.
Conclusion The use of 5-ALA continues to be a great contributor to the improvement in complete resection of primary brain tumors, especially HGG. Besides, fluorescence is increasingly approaching its use as a prognostic tool for aggressive clinical course, regardless of the initial grade of the tumor. This case report is an effort to expand knowledge for potentially using 5-ALA to help prognosticate brain tumors. Nevertheless, more clinical prospective studies must be conducted.
Management of Malignant Pleural Effusion: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Guinde Julien , Dutau Hervé , Astoul Philippe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPleural malignancies are among the most common causes of pleural disease and form the basis of our daily pleural practice. There has been significant research and increase in both diagnostic and therapeutic management of malignant pleural diseases in the last decade. Good-quality data have led to a paradigm shift in the management options of pleural malignancies, and indwelling pleural catheter is now recommended and widely used as first-line intervention. Several trials compared different treatment modalities for pleural malignancies and continue to emphasize the need to reduce hospital length of stay and unnecessary pleural intervention, and the importance of patient choice in clinical decision making. This practical review aims to summarize the current knowledge for the management of pleural malignancies, and the understanding of the steps that we still have to climb to optimize management and reduce morbidity.
Sperm parameters following hormonal induction of spermiation in an endangered frog [the alpine tree frog] (
Authors: Pham Thien H. , Brannelly Laura A. 
Published: May 2022

Context With global amphibian biodiversity rapidly declining, improving reproductive technology outcomes has become essential. Captive breeding programs have struggled because amphibian breeding physiology often requires specific environmental cues that reproductive technologies can circumvent. Aims This study tests the efficiency of hormonal induction by evaluating sperm quality in the endangered Litoria verreauxii alpina. Methods We assessed the effects of exogenous hormones – gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a, Lucrin), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG, Chorulon) – on sperm quality. Key results Hormone induction with hCG showed high efficacy while GnRH-a yielded a low response in producing sperm. Sperm quantity was affected by time post injection, with the greatest quantity at 1 h post injection. Sperm quality was also affected by time, where the sperm head size decreased by 11% at 7 h post injection. Conclusions Based on the results from this study, we recommend that that sperm be collected soon after induction, and not more than 4 h post induction in L. v. alpina. More work needs to be completed before recommending an optimal hormone induction method and dose, but 120 IU of hCG per male was successful for inducing spermiation. Implications This study represents a useful starting point for developing assisted reproductive techniques for non-model organisms.
Disentangling the chemistry of Australian plant exudates from a unique historical collection
Authors: Georgiou Rafaella , Popelka-Filcoff Rachel S. , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Beltran Victoria , Bonaduce Ilaria , Spangler Jordan , Cohen Serge X. , Lehmann Roy , Bernard Sylvain , Rueff Jean-Pascal , Bergmann Uwe , Bertrand Loïc 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceFor millennia, Aboriginal Australian peoples have used the extraordinary physicochemical properties of plant exudates from practical applications to cultural expression. We employ state-of-the-art spectroscopy to characterize the molecular compositions of well-preserved, native Australian plant exudates (Xanthorrhoea,Callitris,Eucalyptus, andAcacia) from a historic collection assembled over a century ago. This work demonstrates the benefits of X-ray Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of these complex natural systems. It provides key information for a broader understanding of their terpenoid, aromatic, phenolic, and polysaccharide composition and subsequent chemical classification. It complements Fourier-transform infrared and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry by allowing bulk-sensitive analysis in a fully noninvasive manner and probes molecular features which remain silent in these commonly employed analyses.
Quantum molecular unfolding
Authors: Mato Kevin , Mengoni Riccardo , Ottaviani Daniele , Palermo Gianluca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Molecular docking is an important step of the drug discovery process which aims at calculating the preferred position and shape of one molecule to a second when they are bound to each other. During such analysis, 3D representations of molecules are manipulated according to their degree of freedoms: rigid roto-translation and fragment rotations along the rotatable bonds. In our work, we focussed on one specific phase of the molecular docking procedure i.e. molecular unfolding (MU), which is used to remove the initial bias of a molecule by expanding it to an unfolded shape simpler to manipulate within the target cavity. The objective of the MU problem is to find the configuration that maximizes the molecular area, or equivalently, that maximizes the internal distances between atoms inside the molecule. We propose a quantum annealing approach to MU by formulating it as a high-order unconstrained binary optimization which was possible to solve on the latest D-wave annealing hardware (2000Q and advantage). Results and performances obtained with quantum annealers are compared with state of art classical solvers.
Integral means of derivatives of univalent functions in Hardy spaces
Authors: Pérez-González Fernando , Rättyä Jouni , Vesikko Toni 
Published: May 2022

We show that the norm in the Hardy space

H
p

H^p

satisfies

(

†

)

‖
f

‖

H
p

p

≍

∫
0
1

M
q
p

(
r
,

f
′

)
(
1
−
r

)

p

(
1
−

1
q

)

d
r
+

|

f
(
0
)

|

p

\begin{equation} \|f\|_{H^p}^p\asymp \int _0^1M_q^p(r,f’)(1-r)^{p\left (1-\frac 1q\right )}\,dr+|f(0)|^p\tag {$\dagger $} \end{equation}

for all univalent functions provided that either

q
≥
2

q\ge 2

or

2
p

2
+
p

>
q
>
2

\frac {2p}{2+p}>q>2

. This asymptotic was previously known in the cases

0
>
p
≤
q
>
∞

0>p\le q>\infty

and

p

1
+
p

>
q
>
p
>
2
+

2
157

\frac {p}{1+p}>q>p>2+\frac {2}{157}

by results due to Pommerenke [Math. Ann. 145 (1961/62), pp. 285–296], Baernstein, Girela and Peláez [Illinois J. Math. 48 (2004), pp. 837–859] and González and Peláez [J. Geom. Anal. 19 (2009), pp. 755–771]. It is also shown that

(
†
)

(\dagger )

is satisfied for all close-to-convex functions if

1
≤
q
>
∞

1\le q>\infty

. A counterpart of

(
†
)

(\dagger )

in the setting of weighted Bergman spaces is also briefly discussed.
Invited Commentary: Go BIG and Go Global—Executing Large-Scale, Multisite Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies Using Real-World Data
Authors: Maro Judith C , Toh Sengwee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAt the time medical products are approved, we rarely know enough about their comparative safety and effectiveness vis-à-vis alternative therapies to advise patients and providers. Postmarket generation of evidence on rare adverse events following medical product exposure increasingly requires analysis of millions of longitudinal patient records that can provide complete capture of data on patient experiences. In the accompanying article by Pradhan et al. (Am J Epidemiology. 2022;191(8):1352–1367), the authors demonstrate how observational database studies are often the most practical approach, provided these databases are carefully chosen to be “fit for purpose.” Distributed data networks with common data models have proliferated in the last 2 decades in pharmacoepidemiology, allowing efficient capture of patient data in a standardized and structured format across disparate real-world data sources. Use of common data models facilitates transparency by allowing standardized programming approaches that can be easily reproduced. The distributed data network architecture, combined with a common data approach, supports not only multisite observational studies but also pragmatic clinical trials. It also helps bridge international boundaries and further increases the sample size and diversity of study populations.
Severity of alcohol use disorder influences sex differences in sleep, mood, and brain functional connectivity impairments
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wiers Corinde E , Manza Peter , Tomasi Dardo , Shokri-Kojori Ehsan , Kerich Mike , Almira Erika , Schwandt Melanie , Diazgranados Nancy , Momenan Reza , Volkow Nora D 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests greater vulnerability of women than men to the adverse effects of alcohol on mood and sleep. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we examined sex difference in resting state functional connectivity in alcohol use disorder using a whole-brain data driven approach and tested for relationships with mood and self-reported sleep. To examine whether sex effects vary by severity of alcohol use disorder, we studied two cohorts: non-treatment seeking n = 141 participants with alcohol use disorder (low severity; 58 females) from the Human Connectome project and recently detoxified n = 102 treatment seeking participants with alcohol use disorder (high severity; 34 females) at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. For both cohorts, participants with alcohol use disorder had greater sleep and mood problems than healthy control, whereas sex by alcohol use effect varied by severity. Non-treatment seeking females with alcohol use disorder showed significant greater impairments in sleep but not mood compared to non-treatment seeking males with alcohol use disorder, whereas treatment-seeking females with alcohol use disorder reported greater negative mood but not sleep than treatment-seeking males with alcohol use disorder. Greater sleep problems in non-treatment seeking females with alcohol use disorder were associated with lower cerebello-parahippocampal functional connectivity, while greater mood problems in treatment-seeking females with alcohol use disorder were associated with lower fronto-occipital functional connectivity during rest. The current study suggests that changes in resting state functional connectivity may account for sleep and mood impairments in females with alcohol use disorder. The effect of severity on sex differences might reflect neuroadaptive processes with progression of alcohol use disorder and needs to be tested with longitudinal data in the future.