bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Antifungal Activity of Probiotics, Coconut Oil and Clotrimazole on Candida Albicans – An In vitro Study
Authors: Divyadharsini V. , UmaMaheswari T. N. , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection of oral cavity. Candida albicans causes oral lesions in the vast majority of cases. Antifungal regimens such as azoles and polyenes are commonly used to control candida infections. Virgin coconut oil has been proven to have antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Probiotic bacteria have been used to modify microflora ecosystems and also have antifungal activity.

Aim:
To evaluate the antifungal activity of probiotics, coconut oil, and clotrimazole against oral Candida albicans species.

Materials and Methods:
Coconut oil and probiotics were tested against clotrimazole, a positive control. Candida albicans were isolated and incubated in Rose Bengal Agar at 30° C for 48 h. The growth inhibitory effect of the test materials was evaluated using the direct contact method by adding 25, 50, and 100 μL of the test material as well as control to candida in a sterile tube and incubated at 37° C aerobically for 24 h.

Results:
The mean zone of inhibition for clotrimazole was 36 mm, whereas for coconut oil it was 13.6 mm, and for probiotics, it was 11.6 mm. Clotrimazole had the highest inhibitory effect at 100 μL concentration. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P-value 0.002).

Conclusion:
The antifungal activity of clotrimazole was found to be higher than that of coconut oil and probiotics against C. albicans. Future studies should concentrate on other herbal alternatives which will be as effective as clotrimazole for the management of oral candidiasis.
Comparative Study of Mouth Exercise Program and with Combination of Ultrasound Therapy in Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Daruri Shravani , Sailaja Sambhana , Lavanya Reddy , Ravali Tirumala C , Dhanabalan Swathi , Bojanapu Swetha , Komanduri Sowmya 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are multifactorial, with several clinical presentations. The treatment is extensive and diverse, involving several therapies.

Objectives:
To evaluate and compare the combination of ultrasound therapy and mouth exercise with a mouth exercise program alone on pain and pain-free maximum mouth opening (inter-incisal distance) in TMD patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 patients who were clinically diagnosed with TMDs were equally divided into two groups. VAS score and pain-free mouth opening were recorded before and during the treatment for four weeks in all the patients.

Results:
Statistical analysis revealed a mean difference of 0.33 ± 0.09, 0.47 ± 0.01 in the VAS score in ultrasound with physiotherapy and physiotherapy alone. The pre- and post-treatment change in mean mouth opening (MMO) was 2.60 ± 0.21, 0.30 ± 0.87 in ultrasound with physiotherapy group and 0.27 ± 0.23, 0.20 ± 0.03 in the physiotherapy group alone, respectively. These differences in VAS score and mouth opening were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Both treatment modalities were effective in giving symptomatic relief, but ultrasound therapy with mouth exercises outstands showed better results in reducing pain and improving joint function.
Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Bacteria Causing Odontogenic Infections
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Khare Vikram V. , Jamdade Anshuman , Aggarwal Amrita , Rathore Niharika S. , Yadav Satyapal 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Odontogenic infection is polymicrobial, consisting of various facultative and strict anaerobes. The dominant isolates are strictly anaerobic gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci.

Aims and Objectives:
To identify the most common microorganisms responsible for causing infection and different species in oral infections. To evaluate the common types of dental infections and its site. To identify the sensitivity and resistance of antibiotics.

Materials and Method:
This study was conducted on 62 subjects, of which 11 showed no pathogens. After collection of the sample, it was sent to the microbiology laboratory for aerobic and anaerobic culture, gram staining, and antibiotic susceptibility test.

Results:
Staphylococcus (40.3%, n = 25) was the most commonly found microorganism. Maxillary anterior (32.25%, n = 20), maxillary posteriors (32.25%, n = 20), and mandibular posteriors teeth (27.4%, n = 17) showed almost similar occurrences. Maximum resistance was shown to co-trimoxazole (70.5%), amoxicillin (62.7%), erythromycin (54.9%), and azithromycin (37.25%). Linezolid (78.4%), amoxiclav and gentamicin (39.2%), vancomycin, imipenem, doxycycline showed (56.9%), and cefuroxime showed 37.25% sensitivity.

Conclusions:
Appropriate and correct use of antibiotics is essential to ensure that effective and safe treatment is available. The result of the present study should not be considered an absolute one; however, they can serve to increase awareness about the pathogens responsible for different infections and the sensitivity and resistance toward different antibiotics.
Comparison of Efficacy of Topical Application of Bleomycin with Adjuvant Antioxidants vs. Topical Curcumin Oral Gel with Adjuvant Antioxidants in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Fathima A. I. , Manoharan G. V. Murali G. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is an oral premalignant disorder (OPMD) defined as a white plaque of questionable risk, and the diagnosis is by exclusion.

Aim:
We aimed to compare the effectiveness of topical bleomycin with that of topical curcumin in patients with oral leukoplakia (OL).

Materials and Methods:
Bleomycin was assigned for group A and curcumin for group B patients. Both the drugs were applied topically with adjuvant oral antioxidants for both groups.

Results:
Group A (n = 10) patients showed partial to complete resolution of the leukoplakic lesions with a P value of 0.01, whereas in group B (n = 10) patients, resolution of the clinical lesion was not substantial, but a reduction of the erythroid component was observed along with histopathological improvement of dysplasia with a P value of 0.01.

Conclusion:
Comparatively, bleomycin was more efficient in producing clinical and histopathologic resolution of OL than curcumin.
Effectiveness of a Mouth-Exercising Device in Adjunct to Topical Steroid and Antioxidants in OSMF—A Clinical Study
Authors: Shahbaz Syed , Shahana Sadia , Katti Girish , Ara Syeda Arshiya , Tanveer Kahekashan 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a mouth-exercising device (MED) on mucosal burning sensation and interincisal distance in adjunct to topical steroids and antioxidants in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.

Material and Methods:
The study consisted of a total sample size of 60 subjects diagnosed with OSMF with no other systemic diseases. Group I includes 30 patients on topical application of triamcinolone 0.1% and oral antioxidant capsule along with receiving MED. Group II includes 30 patients on topical application of triamcinolone 0.1% and oral antioxidant capsule without receiving MED. Evaluation for mucosal burning sensation (BS) and interincisal distance (IID) was determined by VAS & digital Vernier caliper.

Results:
Group I patients using MED showed a statistically significant reduction in burning sensation and increasing interincisal distance compared to group II after six months.

Conclusion:
The MED helps enhance the rate of reduction of mucosal burning sensation and it is effective in increasing interincisal distance compared to the non-mouth-exercising device in OSMF.
“Comparative Evaluation of Laser and Surgical Treatment Modalities of Oral Leukoplakia” -A Systematic Review
Authors: Das Sukanya , Maini Anuj P. , Khare Vikram V. , Gaikwad Trupti V. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is considered a potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity.

Aim:
This systematic review aims to evaluate effectiveness of different laser and surgical treatment in management of OL.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search was done using the MeSH [medical subject headings] terms and keyword search in the electronic databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was limited to articles published as full text in English, which were screened by two reviewers for eligibility.

Results:
The search yielded nine articles out of which seven articles were only included based on the inclusion criteria. The outcome measure evaluated blood loss, pain, malignant transformation, recurrence, healing, scarring, and adverse outcomes.

Conclusion:
Lasers are more effective in treating OL lesions, but further comparative studies needed to assess their long-term efficacy.
Evaluation of the Spatial Relationship of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar to Mandibular Canal Using CBCT
Authors: Jacob Jesmith Elsa , Balan Anita , Bose Tinky C , Nabeel A K , Girija K L , Ramachandran Sunu 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Impaction is defined as the “lack of eruption of a tooth in the oral cavity within the time and physiological limits of the normal eruption process.” The prevalence of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve during surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars, resulting in transient/permanent dysesthesia or paresthesia, is around 0.4% to 13.4%.

Aims and Objectives:
The study's goal was to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to examine the three-dimensional anatomic association between the impacted mandibular third molars and the mandibular canal and to develop a risk prediction model to screen inferior alveolar nerve injuries.

Materials and Methods:
DICOM files of 300 cases were retrieved and analyzed according to the parameters. Descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test were used to assess the association between different variables and logistic regression to develop a risk prediction model to screen inferior alveolar nerve injuries.

Results:
Inter-observer and intra-observer agreements were excellent for all CBCT variables. Direct contact of the third molar with the mandibular canal was seen in 61.7% of the cases. Statistically significant association was found for loss of corticalization (OR-5.95; P = 0.000), narrowing (OR-18.916; P = 0.000), and dilacerations of roots (OR-3.8; P = 0.004) with “direct contact” of the impacted mandibular third molar to the mandibular canal.

Conclusion:
Preoperative assessment with CBCT entails the opportunity to ascertain the “high-risk” impacted mandibular third molars at a cheaper cost, with less equipment maintenance and reduced exposure, compared to computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in and around Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Shopian Kashmir, J&K UT, India
Authors: RİYAZ Muzafar 
Published: December 2022

Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in and around Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Shopian Kashmir,
J&K UT, India

Muzafar RIYAZ 1
ORCID: 0000-0001-9372-681X

1Division of Taxonomy & Biodiversity, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034,
Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary and its adjoining areas are presented. The sanctuary is situated at the foothills of Pir Panjal mountain range (Inner Himalayas) in the southern escarpment of Kashmir’s Shopian District. The study was carried out from April to October 2021. A total number of 25 species from five families were recorded. The highest number of species were recorded from the family Nymphalidae followed by the family Pieridae. Additional field surveys and explorations in the upper reaches of the sanctuary will add further species to the butterfly inventory of the region.
La educación en una realidad cambiante
Authors: Gómez Marín Celeste Aída 
Published: December 2022

El estudio se realiza desde el pensamiento complejo, mostrando a la educación como un proceso de aprendizaje para la vida, en un sistema abierto, donde el ser humano se constituye un elemento importante de la red natural de la misma; aprendiendo a ajustarse a ella, como parte de una realidad fluctuante, donde no sólo debe ser capaz de encajar en ella, sino tener la competencia de contribuir en su transformación. Saber explicar su vida desde su contexto social, aprender a enfrentar su realidad, como parte de una red que demanda su intervención y que construye conocimiento en un proceso de convivencia multivalente.
Se enmarca en el sustento epistemológico, la vida se desarrolla en medio del caos, en la incertidumbre. Sustento ontológico: se concibe la vida desde una realidad, de un mundo complejo y cambiante, integrado, no fragmentado.
Sustento axiológico: el hombre es un ser autopoético, se autoregenera. Aprende a respetar su vida y la de los demás, sintiéndose parte de un todo integrado. Aprende a ser libre y autónomo, en la medida del respeto y amor que le brinden como aprendiz, en un clima de armonía y convivencia, que le permita Ser, en sí mismo, autónomo, dinámico, transformador, pero sobre todo feliz, de aparecer en su esencia humana, en un sistema abierto, donde es capaz de aportar y transformar.
A paisagem social no planejamento da restauração: Estudos de caso sobre o papel da governança no sudeste do Brasil - Sumário Executivo
Authors: Oliveira Mariana , Alves Luciana , Buzati Jordano , Sanches Vitor , Sanches Rosely , Adams Cristina , Araujo Luciana , Futemma Celia 
Published: December 2022

Este relatório apresenta dados que apoiam a estruturação e o fortalecimento de espaços participativos e equitativos para avançar a agenda da restauração ao avaliar as estruturas de governança em três territórios brasileiros. Além disso, aponta os principais achados e traz recomendações de como redes sociais bem estabelecidas podem acelerar a implementação da Restauração de Paisagens e Florestas. Pessoas são centrais na implementação da restauração de paisagens e florestas. O sucesso ou fracasso da restauração depende de como as pessoas agem em relação ao território e umas com as outras, ou seja, como elas governam sua paisagem. A governança na restauração de paisagens e florestas tem um papel fundamental para que se obtenha o ganho de escala necessário ao alcance das metas globais de restauração. É estratégica para o fortalecimento de fatores-chave que garantam o sucesso das ações em determinada paisagem. Os resultados apresentados nesta publicação, referentes a três regiões no sudeste do Brasil, buscam contribuir para discussões e ações de restauração no país. Demonstram como a governança está estabelecida nas áreas estudadas, quais lacunas precisam ser vencidas e como os atores sociais, com atuação em diferentes escalas, podem contribuir para que a restauração seja inclusiva, justa e potencialmente escalonável.
Current status of cervical cancer brachytherapy technologies: scientometric analysis
Authors: Artamonova N.J. , Sukhina O.M. , Pavlichenko Y.V. 
Published: December 2022

Background. Brachytherapy is an important component of cervical cancer (CC) treatment paradigm, so scientometric studies in this area are very relevant.
Purpose – to assess the current state and development trends of cervical cancer brachytherapy te
chnologies through a scientometric analysis of scientific publications.
Materials and methods. Uses the scientometric method of document analysis. The analysis was carried out using the Scopus digital resource for the period 2012–2022. Evaluation of the found documents was carried out according to the following indicators: dynamics of publications, country, author of the publication, publication institution, source and sponsor who financed the work.
Results. Based on the results of the study, 694 documents were found, the distribution of which determines the growth of publications in 2016 (71 documents), 2018 (84 documents), and 2021 (86 documents). The distribution by country made it possible to establish the United States as the leader, followed by India, Japan, France, China. Over the past 5 years, China has moved from fifth place to second, which it shares with India. Among the institutions involved in the development of cervical cancer brachytherapy technologies, Med. University Wien, Austria, Tata Memorial Hospital, India, Institut de Cacy Cackologie Gustave Roussy, France. The most active scientists were singled out: Pötter R., Haie-Meder C., Mahantshetty U., and Tanderup K. Mahantshetty U., Tanderup K. International scientific communications of scientists have been established to address issues of improving the methods of gynecological brachytherapy, in particular cervical cancer, as well as active sponsors. The main scientific sources on the subject of cervical cancer brachytherapy are the journal «Brachytherapy».
Conclusion. An assessment of the current state and development trends of cervical cancer brachytherapy technologies is given, leading countries, organizations, and scientists involved in the development of new most effective brachytherapy technologies are identified, 20 most cited publications and 5 most cited scientists involved in the development of cervical cancer brachytherapy issues are revealed.
The quality of fresh berries and jam of various varieties of currants
Authors: Liubych V. V. , Cherneha A. O. , Kalaida K. V. , Bodnar V. I. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose. To study the features of quality formation (biochemical composition, content of vitamins, macro- and microelements, integral sugar) of fresh berries and currant jam depending on the variety.
Methods. Laboratory – determination of the content of water, ash, protein, sugar, vitamins and mineral elements, calculation – integral rate, mathematical and statistical.
Results. It was found that fresh berries contained 1.8–6.2 times more ash, protein, fat, dietary fiber and water compared to jam. However, the content of mono- and disaccharides was 10–11 times higher in cooked compared to fresh berries. This trend is due to the addition of sugar to the jam. It should be noted that the biochemical composition changed significantly depending on the variety of black currant. Thus, fresh berries of the ‘Chereshneva’ variety contained significantly more ash, protein and dietary fiber compared to the ‘Volodymyrska’ variety. However, the content of fat and sugars was significantly lower compared to the 'Volodymyrska' variety. Calculations confirm that fresh blackcurrant berries provide the most daily need for vitamin B9 – by 550–625%, depending on the variety. The integral score for vitamin C was 178.2–184.5%. The smallest integral score was for β-carotene – 2.0%. This indicator for the rest of the vitamins varied from 2.7 to 10.8% depending on the variety of black currant. The integral rate in cooking black currants was 1.7–3.9 times lower (1.1–4.0%) compared to fresh berries, depending on the type of vitamin.
Conclusions. The biochemical composition of berries varies depending on the variety and condition of blackcurrant berries. Currant berries of the ‘Volodymyrska’ variety have a lower biological value, since the integral speed is lower compared to the ‘Chereshneva’ variety. In addition to the highwater content, fresh berries contain sugars, fat and dietary fiber. Fresh currant berries contain the most vitamins B9 and C. The content of vitamins in boiled black currant was 2.5–4.5 times lower compared to fresh berries. Fresh berries contained the most potassium – 347–352 mg/100 g, and the least was copper – 0.13 mg/100 g. The content of mineral elements in currant jam was 1.6–2.7 times lower compared to fresh berries. The highest integral score was magnesium, iron and phosphorus – 9.8–11% in fresh berries and 7.3–10.9% – in cooked black currants.
Photosynthetic productivity of grain kidney bean varieties as affected by pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization
Authors: Chynchyk O. S. , Olifirovych S. Y. , Olifirovych V. O. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose. Reveal the influence of varietal characteristics, seed inoculation and foliar fertilization on the photosynthetic productivity of kidney bean.
Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative, and calculation method.
Results. The leaf area of kidney bean is increasing from the phase of the third trifoliate leaf to the flowering phase. The maximum leaf area was found at the end of flowering phase and amounted to 33.7–40.3 thousand m2/ha, varying over varieties, foliar fertilization and the use of biological products. The best fertilizer option for maximum dry matter accumulation was the double application of potassium humate in combination with pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with biological products. The highest dry matter accumulation in this fertilization treatment was demonstrated by ‘Otrada’ (5.82 t/ha) and ‘Nata’ (5.86 t/ha) varieties, reaching a maximum at the beginning of ripening. These indicators exceeded the control treatment by 0.64 t/ha or 12.4% and 0.74 t/ha or 14.5%. Photosynthetic potential reached a maximum in the interphase period "the beginning of flowering – the end of flowering" and reached a point of 0.70–0.99 million m2·day/ha. The maximum net productivity of photosynthesis in all studied kidney been varieties, except for ‘Halaktyka’, was in the period “the third true leaf – the beginning of flowering” and amounted to 3.54–4.26 g/m2 per day.
Conclusions. The maximum amounts of the assimilation surface area (39.8–40.5 thousand m2/ha) were ensured by ‘Bukovynka’, ‘Otrada’ and ‘Nata’ varieties under the double application of potassium humate in combination with pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with biological products. The maximum values of photosynthetic potential in the conditions of research were provided by varieties ‘Nata’ (2.0 million m2·days/ha), ‘Ros’ (2.07 million m2·days/ha) and ‘Otrada’ (2.08 million m2·days/ha) under fertilization combined pre-sowing inoculation of seeds and two foliar fertilizations with potassium humate. The highest dry matter content in this fertilization treatment was accumulated by ‘Otrada’ (5.82 t/ha) and ‘Nata’ (5.86 t/ha) varieties, reaching a maximum at the beginning of ripening phase. The maximum net productivity of photosynthesis of kidney bean was achieved by ‘Otrada’ variety amounting to 4.06–4.26 g/m2 per day.
Enhancing the Indonesia Air Defense System. The immediate and urgent application of GCI Radar in safeguarding the airspace sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Joesoef Norman , Risman Helda , Hadianto Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

This journal is prepared as a sequel to the first journal with title Enhancing the Indonesia Air Defence Systems: Confronting the challenges and military build-up In the Indo Pacific region. The first journal was focused on the threat faced by the Indo-Pacific region with the rise of Chinese military dominance, and the study to counter the threats through effective effectors such as the Air Defence Missile. Further to this background, this journal subtitled, The immediate and urgent application of GCI Radar in safeguarding the airspace sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia, will focus on the supplement systems to safeguard the aerial sovereignty of the Republic of Indonnesia through the additional fielding of Ground Control Interceptor Radar Complex.
21st century battlefield landscape have much changed since the last World War, and again it has proven so dramatically important to keep the air dominance over defended territory. Therefore, not only the ability to defend and to neutralise a target, it is imperative that in order to defend, there must be a modern systems that can object, discriminate, and track an agressor to guide military decision makers in any given operation.
This journal is prepared to supplement a comperhensive study of future possible conventional military engagements over the Indo-Pacific region with China and Indonesia at its main focus.