bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Wind Surf” Deformity—Correcting Fixed Flexion Deformity and Hyperextension in Bilateral CAS TKA
Authors: Jhurani Anoop , Sheth Neil P. , Agarwal Piyush , Aswal Mukesh , Srivastava Mudit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSevere knee arthritis can result in complex coronal and sagittal angular deformities. Windswept deformity is used to describe a varus deformity and contralateral valgus deformity. We recognized a new sagittal pattern at the time of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in which one knee has a fixed flexion deformity (FFD), while the contralateral knee has a hyperextension deformity. We propose to define it as “wind surf” deformity mimicking the opposite pull of the wind and a surfer. The incidence of “wind surf” deformity in this series was 0.96% among a cohort of 2,291 bilateral TKAs performed between 2013 and 2018. Twenty-two patients were identified with an FFD of 5° to 20° on one knee and recurvatum of −5° to −20° on the contralateral knee. Additional bone resection and soft-tissue releases were performed for the FFD with a goal to maintain residual 1° to 3° of flexion. Minimal bone resection and soft-tissue disruption were performed on the knee with hyperextension with a goal to maintain 5° to 7° of flexion. These opposite strategies applied with the help of CAS prevented recurrence resulting in satisfactory clinical results at 2-year follow-up. The “wind surf” deformity variant should be identified in patients presenting with severe knee arthritis to guide surgical treatment, prevent recurrence, and obtain favorable clinical patient outcomes.
Impact of Early Enteral Nutrition on the Hospital Stay of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Zevallos Marcelo Sebastian Carpio , Jara Katherine Susana Sobrado , Ramírez Cielo Arminda Cabanillas , Carreazo Nilton Yhuri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly initiation of enteral nutrition (EN) in pediatrics has been associated with improved clinical outcomes in critically ill pediatric patients. This research study aimed to measure the effect of early EN in intubated children on the length of stay (LOS) and days of mechanical ventilation (DMV). A retrospective cohort observational study was performed on patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We gathered the information from available medical records. Our exposure variable was EN, which can be classified as either early-onset (less than 72 hours following PICU admission) or late-onset (greater than or equal to 72 hours following PICU admission). The response variables were LOS defined as the period of time from either hospital or PICU admission to the time of hospital discharge and DMV defined as the length of time from endotracheal intubation to successful extubation. Late EN was associated with an increase in both hospital LOS consisting of 9.82 days and PICU LOS consisting of 5.89 days, and DMV consisting of 3.92 days compared with those patients receiving early EN. In addition, the disruption of EN was also associated with an increased hospital LOS consisting of 10.7 days. Patients in the PICU, undergoing mechanical ventilation, who received late EN have an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes consisting of prolonged hospital LOS, PICU-LOS, and DMV which may be further aggravated by any disruption of EN.
An in situ stretching instrument combined with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): Rheo-Spin NMR
Authors: Xia Zhijie , Wang Yusong , Gong Ke , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2022

An in situ stretching instrument combined with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was designed and developed, namely, Rheo-Spin NMR. The time resolved stress–strain curve together with the corresponding NMR signal can be simultaneously obtained. The Rheo-Spin NMR contains the functional modules, including (1) the in situ stretching module, (2) the NMR signal acquisition module, and (3) the cavity of the NMR positioning module. The unique ring-like shape of the sample is used to replace the traditional dumbbell sample due to limited space in the NMR probe, and the whole ring-like sample will be deformed during the uniaxial stretching process, which avoids the generation of interference signals from the undeformed sample. The designed stretching assembly made by zirconia ceramics is manufactured to match and stretch the ring-like samples. The strain rate can be tuned within the range of 10−5–10−2 s−1 with the maximum stretching ratio λmax of ∼3.8. The in situ stretching experiments combined with LF-NMR were carried out successfully with natural rubber of different fractions of carbon black. The time-resolved T2 relaxometry was adopted to evaluate segmental relaxation during uniaxial deformation which, for the first time, provides the direct and in situ molecular dynamics information. The Rheo-Spin NMR is promising to provide more in-depth insights into the structure and dynamics evolution of polymer products under real service conditions.
Frequency of narasin intake affects ruminal metabolism and growth of lambs
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela B. , Polizel Daniel M. , Bertoloni Analisa V. , Ferraz Marcos V. C. , Miszura Alexandre A. , Barroso José P. R. , Martins André S. , Pasqualino Letícia F. , Biava Janaina S. , Ferreira Evandro M. , Pires Alexandre V. 
Published: March 2022

Context Ionophores improve rumen fermentation efficiency, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. However, the effects of providing ionophores to grazing animals are extremely variable, primarily due to infrequent supplement intake. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of frequency of narasin intake on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and growth of lambs. Methods In Experiment I (metabolism assay), four rumen-cannulated wethers (1/2 Dorper × 1/2 Santa Inês) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The four treatments included a control, where animals were fed a diet without ionophore, and the following three treatments where animals were fed narasin at different intervals: 13 mg/kg of narasin every 24 h (N24), 26 mg/kg of narasin every 48 h (N48) and 39 mg/kg of narasin every 72 h (N72). All animals were fed with 95% Tifton-85 hay and 5% ground corn that was used as a vehicle for narasin. In Experiment II, 44 lambs (1/2 Dorper × 1/2 Santa Inês; 33.3 ± 0.5 kg (mean ± s.e.m.) and 180.5 ± 8 days of age) were used in a randomised complete-block design to assess performance. All treatments and management were similar to those in Experiment I. Key results Experiment I, dry-matter intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the treatments. The treatments N24 and N48 increased (P < 0.01) the total molar concentration of short-chain fatty acids compared with control and N72, and increased (P < 0.01) the concentration of propionate compared with control. In Experiment II, the treatments N24 and N48 increased the liveweight gain (P = 0.03) and feed efficiency (P = 0.02) compared with control and N72. Conclusion Effectiveness of narasin was reduced when offered at intervals greater than 48 h. Implication Frequency of narasin intake affects lamb production, and feeding systems are required where animals consume supplements on a regular basis.
Evaluating the performance and profitability of varied combinations of brewery by-products for fattening pigs
Authors: Beyihayo Geoffrey A. , Rukundo Eugene , Mwesigwa Robert , Lwanga Timothy , Kabugo Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Context The consumption of pork is rapidly increasing in Uganda and presents an opportunity for pig farmers to maximise profits. However, the population and productivity of pigs remains low and this is attributed to the high cost of commercial feeds. Aims We aimed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of brewery by-products on the performance, carcass characteristics and profitability of fattening pigs. Methods The study involved 48 crossbred (Large White × Camborough) pigs weaned at 2 months of age and weighing 10.3 ± 1.2 kg. Group pens of four pigs, balanced for sex and weight, were assigned in a completely randomised design with three replications to four diets: BYM, 22% brewers’ spent grain + 15% yeast cake + 60% malt dust; BY, 33% brewers’ spent grain + 14% yeast cake (with 50% maize bran); YM, 27% yeast cake + 70% malt dust; and a commercial diet (control). Feed intake and efficiency, costs and carcass characteristic were determined. Key results Feeding brewery by-products increased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake by 1.40, 1.11, 1.09 kg/day for BYM, BY and YM compared with the control diet. Pigs fed the control diet had better (P < 0.05) feed efficiency (feed conversion ratio 3.4) than those fed BYM (6.6), BY (5.7) and YM (6.1). The unit cost of diets (Ugandan shillings, USh) increased in the order BYM (USh410) < YM (USh439) < BY (USh551) < commercial diet (USh1313). The unit cost of producing meat increased in the order YM (USh2691) < BYM (USh2713) < BY (USh3150) < commercial diet (USh5331). The highest gross margins accrued from BYM (USh36 769), followed by YM (USh34 853), whereas a loss of USh41 735 was incurred when feeding the commercial diet. Dressing percentage and organ yield were comparable across diets (P > 0.05). Backfat thickness measured at four sites was similar (P > 0.05) across dietary treatments. Conclusion A blended mixture of brewery by-products containing brewers’ spent grain (22%), yeast (15%) and malt dust (60%) is an economical replacement of commercial diets for fattening pigs. Implications Brewery by-products can be used to increase profit margins without affecting the carcass characteristics of pigs.
Climate smart agricultural practices improve soil quality through organic carbon enrichment and lower greenhouse gas emissions in farms of bread bowl of India
Authors: Datta Ashim , Nayak Dali , Smith J. U. , Sharma P. C. , Jat H. S. , Yadav A. K. , Jat M. L. 
Published: March 2022

Context Climate change can impact greatly on poorer and vulnerable communities, increasing the risk of natural disasters, and affecting agricultural production. Aims This study aims to explore the potential impacts of climate smart agricultural practices (CSAP) on working farms in Karnal, Haryana, India. Methods Practices studied included zero tillage, crop residue retention and crop diversification. We surveyed soil physical and chemical properties and greenhouse gas emissions on farms managed by either CSAP or conventional agriculture. Soil samples were collected at 0–20 cm depth under wheat grown in the winter season. Key results Of the 70 farmers surveyed, 22 followed CSAP while 48 farmers used conventional practices. Soil pH was lower (7.76) for CSAP farms compared to conventional practices (7.99). Soil carbon was also higher (0.19% compared to 0.13%), as were total organic carbon stock (32.03 Mg ha−1 compared to 25.26 Mg ha−1) and total carbon (0.24% compared to 0.16%). Significant interactions between farming type, pH and organic carbon, gravimetric and volumetric water content were observed. Conservation agriculture registered ∼31% higher soil quality index over conventional practice. Higher wheat grain yield (5.99 t ha−1) was observed under conservation agriculture over conventional (5.49 t ha−1). Greenhouse gas emissions were also ∼63% higher in conventional practices compared to CSAP. Conclusions CSAP can improve soil properties through enrichment in soil organic carbon at the same time as reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Implications CSAP provide an alternative to conventional agriculture practices in north-west India, irrespective of farm type and size. CSAP not only improve soil carbon pools, but also improve the overall quality of the soil.
Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies using a secreted form of the hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer as a vaccine candidate
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Suzuki Saori , Guest Johnathan D. , Heller Brigitte , Almeda Maricar , Andrianov Alexander K. , Marin Alexander , Mariuzza Roy A. , Keck Zhen-Yong , Foung Steven K. H. , Yunus Abdul S. , Pierce Brian G. , Toth Eric A. , Ploss Alexander , Fuerst Thomas R. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Hepatitis C virus chronically infects approximately 1% of the world’s population, making an effective vaccine for hepatitis C virus a major unmet public health need. The membrane-associated E1E2 envelope glycoprotein has been used in clinical studies as a vaccine candidate. However, limited neutralization breadth and difficulty in producing large amounts of homogeneous membrane-associated E1E2 have hampered efforts to develop an E1E2-based vaccine. Our previous work described the design and biochemical validation of a native-like soluble secreted form of E1E2 (sE1E2). Here, we describe the immunogenic characterization of the sE1E2 complex. sE1E2 elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies in immunized mice, with increased neutralization breadth relative to the membrane-associated E1E2, thereby validating this platform as a promising model system for vaccine development.
Gain of gene regulatory network interconnectivity at the origin of vertebrates
Authors: Gil-Gálvez Alejandro , Jiménez-Gancedo Sandra , Pérez-Posada Alberto , Franke Martin , Acemel Rafael D. , Lin Che-Yi , Chou Cindy , Su Yi-Hsien , Yu Jr-Kai , Bertrand Stephanie , Schubert Michael , Escrivá Héctor , Tena Juan J. , Gómez-Skarmeta José Luis 
Published: March 2022

Significance
In this manuscript, we address an essential question in developmental and evolutionary biology: How have changes in gene regulatory networks contributed to the invertebrate-to-vertebrate transition? To address this issue, we perturbed four signaling pathways critical for body plan formation in the cephalochordate amphioxus and in zebrafish and compared the effects of such perturbations on gene expression and gene regulation in both species. Our data reveal that many developmental genes have gained response to these signaling pathways in the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, we show that the interconnectivity between these pathways is much higher in zebrafish than in amphioxus. We conclude that this increased signaling pathway complexity likely contributed to vertebrate morphological novelties during evolution.
Re-sensitization of
mcr
carrying multidrug resistant bacteria to colistin by silver
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Runming , Wang Minji , Liu Chunjiao , Koohi-Moghadam Mohamad , Wang Haibo , Ho Pak-Leung , Li Hongyan , Sun Hongzhe 
Published: March 2022

Significance

Superbugs carrying a mobile colistin resistance gene (
mcr
) are jeopardizing the clinical efficacy of the last-line antibiotic colistin. The development of MCR inhibitors is urgently required to cope with antibiotic-resistance emergencies. Here, we show that silver (Ag
+
) fully restores the susceptibility of
mcr-1
–carrying superbugs against colistin both in vitro and in vivo. We found an unprecedented tetra-silver center in the active-site pocket of MCR-1 through the substitution of the essential Zn
2+
ions in the intact enzyme, leading to the prevention of substrate binding (i.e. the dysfunction of MCR-1 in transferring phosphorylethanolamine to lipid A). Importantly, the ability of Ag
+
to suppress resistance evolution extends the lifespan of currently used antibiotics, providing a strategy to treat infections by
mcr
-positive bacteria.
Policy discourse in times of crisis
Authors: Álvares Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The current paper explores the relation between deliberation, political legitimization and decision making in educational policy in the aftermath of the intervention by the troika in Portugal in 2011. Centring on political debates about equal opportunities in education in the Portuguese parliament, it explores how arguments, such as ‘crisis’ and ‘change’, were employed to frame – and covertly promote – a concession of sovereignty to international organizations and legitimize a turn in policy-making to an austerity doctrine regarding education policies. Findings reveal the interplay between a loose and polyphonic discourse of international organizations, and the construction of a narrative of failure regarding educational policies previously adopted, recontextualized and thus enabled the change towards neoliberal policies in Portuguese education policies, bringing about a leaner concept of equal opportunities in education at the national level.
Bilateral Comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V Standards between the SMD (Belgium) and the BIPM, October to December 2021 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11)
Authors: Solve Stephane , Chayramy Regis , Stock Michael , Vlad Dana 
Published: March 2022

Main text
As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11, a comparison of the 1.018 V and 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the Service Métrologie - Metrologische Dienst (SMD), Brussels, Belgium, was carried out from October to December 2021. Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_B (ZB) and BIPM_6 (Z6), were transported to SMD and back to BIPM by road. At SMD, the reference standard for DC voltage is a Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS). The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the primary standard.
The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the values assigned to DC voltage standards by SMD, at the level of 1.018 V and 10 V, at SMD, USMD, and those assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, UBIPM, at the reference date of the 17th of November 2021.

U
SMD - U
BIPM = -0.03 μV;	u
c = 0.13 μV, at 1.018 V

U
SMD - U
BIPM = 0.02 μV;	u
c = 0.28 μV, at 10 V
where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the representation of the volt at the BIPM and at SMD, based on KJ, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Temperature and composition of AC arc plasma of medium voltage distribution networks in the air
Authors: Zhou Tong , Yuan Tao , Wei Siyu , He Hengxin , Yang Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
AC electric air arcs in medium voltage (MV) distribution networks, including railway catenary, photovoltaic power generation systems, and traditional distribution networks, can cause insulation damage accidents. Although various studies have been performed on the macroscopic characteristics of the MV AC arc in the air, the research on the physical properties of the arc, such as temperature field and particle composition, is relatively lacking. This work deals with diagnosing the temperature and particle composition of the arc under laboratory conditions based on the arc generation and the moiré deflection diagnosis systems. Based on the experimental results, there are three typical stages in developing the MV AC arc: the initial, transition, and stable combustion. The temperature during the stable combustion of the arc is between 1500 and 2100 K, while the fluctuation period is half a power frequency cycle. The particle components of the arc are mainly composed of O2, N2, and O. Different from the DC arc, the AC arc exhibits a zero-crossing extinguishing phenomenon, while the gap temperature is still high after extinguishing the arc, and the insulation has not been fully restored. This research provides a method for diagnosing MV AC arcs in the air under laboratory conditions and initial values for the arc modeling.
Single-particle spectra in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within the thermal quantum field theory
Authors: Anchishkin D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A quantum generalization of the Cooper–Frye recipe is proposed. The calculation of the single-particle spectrum arising in relativistic collisions of particles and nuclei is carried out within the framework of thermal quantum field theory. The starting point of consideration is the solution of the initial-value problem of the radiation of particles from a space-like hypersurface. In the next steps, we obtain a single-particle spectrum using the ‘lesser’ Green’s function associated with the fireball environment. Based on this result, several specific conditions for particle emission are considered.
Raman study of silicon telluride nanoplates and their degradation
Authors: Hathaway Evan , Chen Jiyang , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Roberto , Lin Yuankun , Cui Jingbiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Silicon telluride (Si2Te3) has emerged as one of the many contenders for 2D materials ideal for the fabrication of atomically thin devices. Despite the progress which has been made in the electric and optical properties of silicon telluride, much work is still needed to better understand this material. We report here on the Raman study of Si2Te3 degradation under both annealing and in situ heating with a laser. Both processes caused pristine Si2Te3 to degrade into tellurium and silicon oxide in air in the absence of a protective coating. A previously unreported Raman peak at ∼140 cm−1 was observed from the degraded samples and is found to be associated with pure tellurium. This peak was previously unresolved with the peak at 144 cm−1 for pristine Si2Te3 in the literature and has been erroneously assigned as a signature Raman peak of pure Si2Te3, which has caused incorrect interpretations of experimental data. Our study has led to a fundamental understanding of the Raman peaks in Si2Te3, and helps resolve the inconsistent issues in the literature. This study is not only important for fundamental understanding but also vital for material characterization and applications.
Cycle-consistent learning-based hybrid iterative reconstruction for whole-body PET imaging
Authors: Yang Bao , Zhou Long , Chen Ling , Lu Lijun , Liu Huafeng , Zhu Wentao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. To develop a cycle-consistent learning-based hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) method that takes only slightly longer than analytic reconstruction, while pursuing the image resolution and tumor quantification achievable by IR for whole-body PET imaging. Approach. We backproject the raw positron emission tomography (PET) data to generate a blurred activity distribution. From the backprojection to the IR label, a reconstruction mapping that approximates the deblurring filters for the point spread function and the physical effects of the PET system is unrolled to a neural network with stacked convolutional layers. By minimizing the cycle-consistent loss, we train the reconstruction and inverse mappings simultaneously. Main results. In phantom study, the proposed method results in an absolute relative error (RE) of the mean activity of 4.0% ± 0.7% in the largest hot sphere, similar to the RE of the full-count IR and significantly smaller than that obtained by CycleGAN postprocessing. Achieving a noise reduction of 48.1% ± 0.5% relative to the low-count IR, the proposed method demonstrates advantages over the low-count IR and CycleGAN in terms of resolution maintenance, contrast recovery, and noise reduction. In patient study, the proposed method obtains a noise reduction of 44.6% ± 8.0% for the lung and the liver, while maintaining the regional mean activity in both simulated lesions and real tumors. The run time of the proposed method is only half that of the conventional IR. Significance. The proposed cycle-consistent learning from the backprojection rather than the raw PET data or an IR result enables improved reconstruction accuracy, reduced memory requirements, and fast implementation speeds for clinical whole-body PET imaging.