bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of diabetes self-care education at primary health care centres in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elfakki Fakhralddin Abbas Mohammed , Elnimeiri Mustafa Khidir , Assil Sami Mahmoud , Frah Ehab Ahmed , Abdalla Nada Hassan Ibrahim 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The present trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of the structured Information, Education, and Communication provided by trained health educators at primary care on the mean body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and the level of blood pressure, among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Research Methods:
This was a 12-month pragmatic clustered randomized trial where 180 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in 2020. Five primary health care centres were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control arm.

Results:
There was a comparable significant reduction in the mean scores of waist circumference among participants in the intervention versus control arm over 12 months: I =108.7:C = 85.8 cm (P value = 0.001), I = 109.2:C = 86.02 cm (P value = 0.001), and I = 105.6:C = 87.2 cm (P value = 0.001) in the first, sixth, and twelfth months, respectively. A significant reduction in the mean scores of body mass index in the intervention versus control arm only in the first month: I =31.7:C = 26.5 cm (P value = 0.001). However, there was a comparable significant reduction in the mean scores of fasting blood glucose in the intervention versus control arm over 12 months: I =2016.5:C = 185.3 mmol/l (P value = 0.011), I = 207.4:C = 168.04 mmol/l (P value = 0.002), and I = 2012.7:C = 158.6 mmol/l (P value = 0.001) in the first, sixth, and twelfth months, respectively.

Conclusions:
The delivery of structured diabetes self-care education for diabetics by trained health educators at primary health care has a beneficiary effect on reducing the mean body mass index, waist circumference, and blood glucose. Similarly, it decreases high blood pressure.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KETERLAMBATAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG KULIAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Boy Wendi , Erlindo Randi , Fitrah Ridho Aidil 
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan konstruksi pada masa pandemi covid 19 yang juga melanda Negara kita ini menjadi terbatas kegiatannya, kalaupun itu berjalan harus melakukan protokol kesehatan didalam setiap pelaksanaannya dan tentu akan berdampak kepada keterlambatan proyek tersebut. Keterlambatan dalam menyelesaikan proyek konstruksi ini akan menyebabkan kerugian baik dari pihak kontraktor maupun pihak pemilik (owner).
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor keterlambatan proyek konstruksi gedung pada masa pendemi covid 19. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel pada pembangunan gedung kuliah bersama Program D3 dan D4 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh Sumatera Barat dengan responden seluruh pihak yang terkait didalam pembangunan tersebut baik dari owner, konsultan serta kontraktor dengan analisis yang dipergunakan adalah analisa deskriptiv.
Hasil penelitian terdapat 8 Faktor keterlambatan dengan 29 potensi risiko keterlambatan pada proyek pembangunan gedung kuliah bersama Program D3 dan D4 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh Sumatera Barat dengan 5 potensi risiko tertinggi yaitu 1) kekurangan bahan konstruksi dengan nilai 4,800, 2) kontrol kontraktor utama terhadap sub-kontraktor dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan yang memiliki nilai yang sama yaitu 4,800, 3) Komonikasi antara pekerja dan kepala tukang atau mandor dengan nilai 4,700, 4) keterlambatan pengiriman / penyedian peralatan kerja dengan nilai 4,700 dan 5) keterlambatan proses pemeriksaan dan uji bahan dengan nilai 4,700. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka penulis menyarankan agar kegiatan konstruksi pada masa pendemi covid 19 harus lebih memperhatikan potensi potensi risiko yang akan terjadi agar tidak menjadi kendala didalam pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi yang dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan proyek.
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
Authors: Reimbursement Team  
Published: February 2022

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses pembrolizumab (Keytruda) IV infusion over 30 minutes.
Indication: Pembrolizumab, in combination with platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus or HER2-negative adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (tumour centre 1 cm to 5 cm above the gastric cardia).
Pengaruh Emotional Quotient (EQ) Terhadap Akhlak Siswa Kepada Guru Kelas X 2 di MA Daarul Ma'arif Pasawahan
Authors: Rohayati Selamet , Supendi Dede , Sanusi Munawar 
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu cara untuk membentuk watak atau karakter seseorang. Akhlak ialah mempertimbangkan atau memperhatikan tingkah laku manusia dalam mengambil suatu keputusan yang berkaitan dengan moral. Akhlak merupakan ilmu atau konsep yang dimiliki oleh individu atau masyarakat untuk menilai apakah tindakan-tindakan yang telah dikerjakannya itu baik atau buruk dan salah atau benar. Namun pada kenyataanya peserta didik pada saat ini di MA Daarul Ma’arif Pasawahan, yang mana masih banyak siswa yang berkata kurang sopan kepada teman sebayanya maupun kepada orang dewasa, kesopanan kepada guru dan orang lebih dewasa juga mulai berkurang, tidak adanya sikap ta’dim terhadap guru (rendahnya rasa hormat dan patuh terhadap guru), kurang disiplin dan pelanggaran tata tertib.
Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Untuk mengetahui Emotional Quotient (EQ) siswa kelas X 2 di MA Daarul Ma’arif Pasawahan, (2) Untuk mengetahui akhlak siswa kepada guru kelas X 2 di MA Daarul Ma’arif Pasawahan, (3) Untuk mengetahui realitas pengaruh Emotional Quotient (EQ) terhadap akhlak siswa kepada guru kelas X 2 di MA Daarul Ma’arif Pasawahan.
Emotional Quotient (EQ) dapat diartikan kemampuan seseorang untuk menerima, menilai, mengelola, dan mengontrol emosi dirinya sendiri maupun orang lain. Akhlak adalah sikap dominan yang dimiliki oleh setip orang, yang melekat dalam dirinya, akhlak juga mempunyai peranan penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Secara umum penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan penelitian korelasional. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran angket dengan jumlah sampel 30 dari jumlah populasi 30 siswa di kelas X 2 MA Daarul Ma’arif Pasawahan.
Dari data yang diperoleh penulis menyimpulkan: pertama, tingkat kualitas emotional quotient (EQ) di kelas X 2 MA Daarul Maa’rif Pasawahan dinilai baik. Dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata sebesar 77.5%. kedua, tingkat kualitas akhlak siswa kepada guru di kelas X 2 MA Daarul Ma’arif Pasawahan dinilai sangat baik. dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata sebesar 83.8% dan termasuk kategori sangat baik. ketiga, terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikansi antara emotional quotient (EQ) dengan akhlak siswa kepada guru di kelas X 2 MA Daarul Ma’arif Pasawahan, dengan korelasi sebesar 0.407 dengan presentase hubungan sebesar 16.5% dan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara emotional quotient (EQ) (X) terhadap akhlak siswa kepada guru (Y) berdasarkan hasil hitungan regresi dan perbandingan antara Fhitung dengan Ftabel dengan hasil Fhitung lebih besar dari pada Ftabel, yakni Fhitung = 43.214 dan Ftabel = 4.20. sehingga hipotesis alternative yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara emotional quotient (EQ) (X) terhadap Akhlak siswa kepada guru (Y) diterima dan hipotesis yang menyatakan tidak ada pengaruh ditolak.
“Those blessed structures”: Robert Lowell’s Architectural Aesthetic
Authors: Gill Jo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article reads Robert Lowell’s poetry in terms of its engagement with architecture. It argues that at crucial moments in American history, and in Lowell’s life, the architectural environment of the various places he called home (including Boston, Maine, Ohio, New York, and Kent, England) offered a perspective, a language, and a set of forms through which to negotiate personal, historical, and cultural change. This is a process that he achieved, in part, with reference to the work of other poets including Elizabeth Bishop, Hart Crane, and William Carlos Williams. By moving beyond a general reading of place, and towards a specific and granular reading of architectural figuration, I show that Lowell is able to contemplate and eventually to restructure the relationship between tradition and innovation—a process that is vital to his developing poetics.
Two Meditations On Some Benjaminian Motifs in Elizabeth Bishop
Authors: Foust Graham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis essay offers close readings of Elizabeth Bishop’s poems “Cirque d’Hiver” and “Filling Station” aided by selections from various works by Walter Benjamin, whose book One-Way Street [Einbahnstrasse] begins with a thought-image that is also titled “Filling Station” [“Tankstelle”]. Using Benjamin’s interest in Charles Baudelaire, toys, and the miniature, his critiques of domesticity and advertisements, and his theories of collection to illuminate the poems’ formal and narrative elements, these meditations focus on Bishop’s use of rhyme in “Cirque d’Hiver” and her passing mention of “some comic books” in “Filling Station,” while also reflecting on the former poem’s previous titles, the concepts of melancholy and care, the ESSO oil brand, and poetry’s incitement to laughter.
1 Peter 3:1–6: Biblical Authority and Battered Wives
Authors: Reeder Caryn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Counsel given to battered women in the church has too often relied on 1 Pet 3:1–6 to encourage women to stay with an abusive husband for the husband's sake. This article argues that, while this teaching may be the message of 1 Pet 3:1–6, its use by the church is an abuse of biblical authority. Historical, literary, and canonical contexts suggest that the surface message of the text — submission to even an abusive husband—is not its complete message.
Anarchy, Racism, Storytelling, and Broken Politics
Authors: Fleming Robert Barry 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
An intersectional exploration of the collision of the two public health crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and the reckoning with systemic racism after the revelations of the Breonna Taylor and George Floyd killings. The role of storytelling and art in a time of a distrust, disease, disinformation. and the ever-growing global movement toward authoritarianism and fascism. How it specifically has rooted in our country through the sowing of the seeds of confusion, chaos and white supremacist nihilism.
When Narrative Becomes Theatrical
Authors: Alatawi Maha 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Storytelling is an integral component of Irish tradition, folklore, and culture. Ireland's rich narrative tradition can be traced back to the early oral act of storytelling, undertaken by the seanchaí (storyteller or historian). Despite the wide spectrum of studies and broadly ranging arguments on storytelling in general and other specific aspects, in Irish drama narrative and the monologue, as well as narrative levels and types of narrators, have never been analyzed. In narratological terms Irish drama is rich with various degrees of diegetic narrativity employed differently by its various playwrights. This article looks more closely into a subject that until now has not received attention in the context of Irish theatre. In Irish theatre, in which language, narrative, and storytelling are recurrent topics, it is crucial that we understand how narrative is more complicated than the simple telling of a story and that it possesses techniques and levels that are worth reflecting on for their ability to change nuance and the experience of the audience.
Gender Discrimination, Human Capital and Marriage
Authors: Dessy Sylvain E. , Pallage Stéphane 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We show that the recognition of basic women's rights in developing countries may have important positive spillovers on the whole sphere of labor market transactions, with more women seeking education and an overall lesser wage discrimination against women. A combination of basic women's rights such as marriage consent, access to credit and the right to do business is shown to have important effects on the wage women can earn for their labor. Access to credit/entrepreneurship, in particular, raises the threat point of women in a spousal bargaining and has the interesting effect of making the transfer from husband to wife, otherwise decreasing with discrimination, a positive function of wage discrimination in the society. Our analysis suggests that where women empowerment has taken place, either from within or following women-targeted foreign aid, education for women should be on the rise and political support for a lessening of wage discrimination against women should be gaining ground.
Investment, Financial Factors and Cash Flow from Nigerian Panel Data
Authors: Adelegan Olatundun Janet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study investigates how the incidence and severity of information and agency problems vary across firms and over time in Nigeria, and assesses the differential effects on corporate investment. A reduced form q-cash flow model and interaction approach was adopted to examine the effects of firm size, age and industry specific characteristics on cash flow. The model was estimated using panel data for Nigerian manufacturing firms from 1984-2000. Financial effects are generally important for investment in all firms. However, the extent and impact of financial effects are not uniformly distributed. The study concludes that the effect of size is neutral; however, older firms tend to rely more on internal funds to finance their corporate investment than the newer firms. The effect of financial factors on investment varies across firms according to their industrial characteristics.
Economic Regress and Niger Delta Grievances
Authors: Nafziger E. Wayne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The epicenter of Nigeria's deadly political violence is the clash for benefits from petroleum, more than 90 percent of which is produced in the Niger Delta (Ibaba, 2005). The sources of conflict in Nigeria include its ruling coalitions facing pressure from economic stagnation and the high-stakes corruption and rent seeking for the control of oil. Delta grievances derive from the lack of community control and land rights, the little revenue for petroleum's producing region, and the environmental degradation and other diseconomies borne by oil-bearing regions. Grievances also come from the lack of democratic accountability, high inequality, and Delta poverty that, while lower than Nigeria generally, is enough to trigger relative deprivation, the perception of social injustices from discrepancies between expectations and actuality. The only approach out of Nigeria's current impasse in the Niger Delta and other regions is to entrust policy to an economic meritocracy (as in Indonesia) that would elicit the fast economic growth that would create a positive-sum game, in which secure regional elites allow the Niger Delta and other regions to exercise decentralized power and land-use rights.
Polycentric Planning and Community Self-Governance as Panacea to the Niger Delta Crisis
Authors: Akinola S. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that the missing link in the effort to resolve the Niger Delta crisis is the neglect of indigenous organizations. Scholars and policy makers have underplayed the role of self-organized institutions in the governance of community affairs in the Niger Delta. The fact that stakeholders in the development process operate on parallel lines has been the bane of good governance and development in the region. These parties do not communicate with each other and thus have not been able to harness their efforts in the development process. Consequently, the problems in the region have become complex, and hydra-headed. This paper therefore considers imperative a multifaceted strategy that can simultaneously address these problems, and recommends polycentric planning and community self-governance embracing the application of eight African development models that cut across several sectors of the economy in the Niger Delta.
Image and Reality of Arabs in East Africa
Authors: Alpers Edward A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe image of Arabs in East Africa has been forged through economic and social relations dating back many centuries, but particularly since the rise of the Omani Arab Sultanate of Zanzibar in the 19th century and the British decision to replicate that social order along the coastal strip of Kenya. Central to this image is the perceived role of Arabs in driving the slave trade from East Africa. The paper ends by considering how this imagined history might affect recent attempts to build an economic relationship between Gulf states, especially Qatar, and Kenya.
Africa and Arab Gulf States: Divergent Development Paths and Prospects for Convergence
Authors: Fofack Hippolyte 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn spite of the similarities between Sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council states, development policies in these two regions of the world have produced markedly divergent outcomes. The remarkable increase in personal income and large current account surpluses in Arab Gulf states contrast with widespread poverty and balance of payments crises in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reviews the causes of these divergent development paths and discusses the prospects for economic convergence in the growing trade ties between the two regions. It shows that development models underpinned by institutional continuity and intergenerational accountability could enhance long-run growth in Sub-Saharan Africa and income convergence between the two regions.
Dhows to Planes: Trade Relations between the Arabian Gulf and Africa and their Impacts on Development
Authors: Gĩthĩnji Mwangi wa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The relationship between the Arabian Gulf and the African continent is a long standing one. In this paper we will examine the recent history of trade between the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council and African countries and its potential impact on industrialization. We will briefly discuss the relationship between trade and industrialization and the degree to which this relationship has held in the post-independence period of African countries. This will be followed by an examination of the volume and trends in trade between Africa and the Gulf, and a first estimation of how it has changed. After establishing what the volume of trade is, we examine the sophistication of exports from both regions to each other in an attempt to uncover whether the trade of today has the ability not only to affect growth because of its size, but also to impact the process of industrial transformation because of the kind of goods traded. We will examine the sophistication of exports using the ten groups of exports created by Sanjaya Lall (Lall, 2000; Lall et al., 2006). We will end the paper with some suggestions on the lessons that policy makers should take away from our exercise.
Trade is Not the Enemy – Nor is it a “Magic Bullet”
Authors: Mshomba Richard E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrade is an important tool for economic growth. Trade steers countries toward an efficient use of resources, an infusion of new technologies, and greater competition. But economic growth is not automatic. Even when trade leads to economic growth, it does not necessarily translate into real economic development. For that to happen, trade must be fostered in conjunction with other development-enhancing initiatives. This paper focuses on the link between trade and development, the role of domestic policies in agriculture, regional economic integration, and the potential impact of aid.
Civil War, Sexual Violence and HIV Infections: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Kalonda-Kanyama Isaac 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper estimates the effect of sexual violence and economic vulnerability on HIV prevalence rates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We find that HIV prevalence rates are higher in conflict-affected regions than in non-conflict regions, and that sexual violence and economic vulnerability significantly affect HIV prevalence rates. The combined effect of civil war and sexual violence is positive and strongly significant. However, conflict-related economic vulnerability does not explain HIV infections.
East Africa and the End of the Indian Ocean Slave Trade
Authors: Hopper Matthew S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe conventional historiography claims that the East African slave trade came to an end in the 1880s as a result of the British Royal Navy's diligent patrols in the Indian Ocean. This paper argues instead that the slave trade from East Africa to Eastern Arabia endured long after the 1880s, in part because sustained demand for slave labor in Arabia and the Gulf–particularly in the lucrative pearl and date industries–remained high through the early twentieth century. The Royal Navy's celebrated antislavery campaign in the Indian Ocean was largely ineffective and was not the main factor in ending the slave trade. Instead, the East African slave trade came to an end mainly as a result of three factors beyond British control: (1) a raid by Portuguese forces against slave traders in Mozambique in 1902, (2) the development new sources of slave labor from neighboring Baluchistan, and (3) the collapse of Arabian date and pearl markets as a result of globalization and global depression.
Women's Access to Microcredit and Children's Food Security in Rural Malawi
Authors: Hazarika Gautam , Guha-Khasnobis Basudeb 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using data from the 1995 Malawi Financial Markets and Food Security Survey, this study seeks to discover if rural Malawian women's relative control over household resources or intra-household bargaining power, gauged by their access to microcredit, plays a role in young children's food security. Access to microcredit is assessed in a novel way as self-reported credit limits at microcredit organizations. Since credit limits, that is, the maximum sums that might be borrowed, hinge upon supply-side factors such as the availability of credit programs and the financial resources of lenders, it is plausible they are more exogenous than demand driven loan uptake or participation in microcredit organizations, the common ways of gauging access to microcredit. It is found that household expenditure on food significantly increases in women's, though not in men's, access to microcredit. Thus, increasing rural Malawian women's relative control over household resources may yield children greater food security. It is also found that women's access to microcredit improves 0–6 year old girls', though not boys', long-term nutrition. Thus, empowering these women may deliver more benefit to girls than boys.
A Co-Integration Analysis of Growth in Government Consumption Expenditure in Ghana
Authors: Ofori-Abebrese Grace 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Growth in government consumption expenditure in Ghana has been a concern to policy makers since independence. This paper uses the co-integration technique to determine how inflation, real GDP, trade openness, population growth and relative price influence government consumption expenditure. The study revealed that increases in real GDP, trade openness and inflation cause a fall in government consumption expenditure as a share of GDP. Higher relative price levels and larger population size increase government consumption expenditure for the period 1977-2007. The study recommend measures to curb population growth, reduce the price of public goods, manage the over liberalization of the economy, among others.