bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agri-Food Waste Reduction and Utilization: A Sustainability Perspective
Authors: Adedeji Akinbode A. 
Published: April 2022

HighlightsSignificant amounts of waste are produced along the agri-food supply chain.The impact of these agri-food wastes on the environment is very costly.Current solutions to reduce waste include upcycling and improved food labeling.Future goals include improving the cost-effectiveness of solutions.Abstract. As the human population edges closer to nine billion, we must explore how we can sustainably use Earth’s limited resources. Current agricultural production and food processing create significant amounts of wastes that have drastic effects on the environment, on the cost of production, and on human health and well-being. About a third of these wastes are produced domestically, as well as from agricultural production and food processing, and it often constitutes a disposal problem, although it contains many carbon-based materials (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and dietary fibers) that can be converted into useful value-added products. Converting these wastes into useful products is important because of the impact it has on the environment, including energy consumption, water usage, and the amount of carbon it releases when discarded. The long-term goal is to ensure that all materials from agri-food production and processing are turned into valuable products based on the principle of upcycling and circular bioeconomies. This short review presents succinct information on where food and agricultural wastes and by-products are generated, it summarizes recent advances in waste reduction and value-added utilization, including the need for behavioral changes and improvements in food labeling, and it presents innovations, limitations, and future prospects for circular food systems that focus on total conversion of food and agricultural wastes to value-added products. Keywords: Agri-food waste, Circular economy, Food by-product, Food residue, Sustainability, Upcycling, Value-added.
Active volume engineered waveguide embedded nonvolatile photonic memory cell
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad Faraz , Ali Nadir , Almeida Vilson R. , Panepucci Roberto R. , Xie Yiwei , Dai Daoxin , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: April 2022

We report thorough investigations of a photonic memory with phase change material embedded in a partially etched silicon waveguide, for operation at 1550 nm wavelength. Optical and thermal analyses are performed to study the performance of memory and the effect of deformity in

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e

2

S

b

2

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(GST) cells due to volume contraction upon crystallization. The presented approach has better performance than other approaches with GST integrated on top of or filled in a fully etched waveguide. It is shown that a high readout contrast of

∼

33

d
B

with a low insertion loss of 0.79 dB is possible using an active volume of only

0.0079

µ

m

3

. The photonic memory presented shows a low power consumption of 0.66 mW and 3.71 mW for switching the memory state from high to low and vice versa, respectively, with zero static power consumption. Using 100 ns and 10 ns pulses for phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline and that from crystalline to amorphous, the energy consumption is 82 pJ and 44.1 pJ, respectively.
Mortality rates among COVID-19 patients hospitalised during the first three waves of the epidemic in Milan, Italy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Giacomelli Andrea , Ridolfo Anna Lisa , Pezzati Laura , Oreni Letizia , Carrozzo Giorgia , Beltrami Martina , Poloni Andrea , Caloni Beatrice , Lazzarin Samuel , Colombo Martina , Pozza Giacomo , Pagano Simone , Caronni Stefania , Fusetti Chiara , Gerbi Martina , Petri Francesco , Borgonovo Fabio , D’Aloia Fabiana , Negri Cristina , Rizzardini Giuliano , Antinori Spinello 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
This paper describes how mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients changed during the first three waves of the epidemic in Italy.

Methods
This prospective cohort study used the Kaplan-Meier method to analyse the time-dependent probability of death of all of the patients admitted to a COVID-19 referral centre in Milan, Italy, during the three consecutive periods of: 21 February-31 July 2020 (first wave, W1), 1 August 2020–31 January 2021 (second wave, W2), and 1 February-30 April 2021 (third wave, W3). Cox models were used to examine the association between death and the period of admission after adjusting for age, biological sex, the time from symptom onset to admission, disease severity upon admission, obesity, and the comorbidity burden.

Results
Of the 2,023 COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital during the study period, 553 (27.3%) were admitted during W1, 838 (41.5%) during W2, and 632 (31.2%) during W3. The crude mortality rate during W1, W2 and W3 was respectively 21.3%, 23.7% and 15.8%. After adjusting for potential confounders, hospitalisation during W2 or W3 was independently associated with a significantly lower risk of death than hospitalisation during W1 (adjusted hazard ratios [AHRs]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.95, and 0.58, 95% CI 0.44–0.77). Among the patients aged >75 years, there was no significant difference in the probability of death during the three waves (AHRs during W2 and W3 vs W1: 0.93, 95% CI 0.65–1.33, and 0.88, 95% CI 0.59–1.32), whereas those presenting with critical disease during W2 and W3 were at significantly lower risk of dying than those admitted during W1 (AHRs 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.88, and 0.44, 95% CI 0.28–0.70).

Conclusions
Hospitalisation during W2 and W3 was associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 death in comparison with W1, but there was no difference in survival probability in patients aged >75 years.
Differentially Deregulated MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Neoplastic Progression in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Quintanilla Isabel , Jung Gerhard , Jimeno Mireya , Lozano Juan José , Sidorova Julia , Camps Jordi , Carballal Sabela , Bujanda Luis , Vera Maria Isabel , Quintero Enrique , Carrillo-Palau Marta , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Castells Antoni , Panés Julià , Ricart Elena , Moreira Leticia , Balaguer Francesc , Pellisé Maria 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a potentially life-threatening complication of long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are epigenetic regulators that have been involved in the development of UC-associated CRC. However, their role as potential mucosal biomarkers of neoplastic progression has not been adequately studied.

METHODS:
In this study, we analyzed the expression of 96 preselected miRNAs in human formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue of 52 case biopsies (20 normal mucosa, 20 dysplasia, and 12 UC-associated CRCs) and 50 control biopsies (10 normal mucosa, 21 sporadic adenomas, and 19 sporadic CRCs) by using Custom TaqMan Array Cards. For validation of deregulated miRNAs, we performed individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 50 cases (13 normal mucosa, 25 dysplasia, and 12 UC-associated CRCs) and 46 controls (7 normal mucosa, 19 sporadic adenomas, and 20 sporadic CRCs).

RESULTS:
Sixty-four miRNAs were found to be differentially deregulated in the UC-associated CRC sequence. Eight of these miRNAs were chosen for further validation. We confirmed miR-31, -106a, and -135b to be significantly deregulated between normal mucosa and dysplasia, as well as across the UC-associated CRC sequence (all P < 0.01). Notably, these miRNAs also confirmed to have a significant differential expression compared with sporadic CRC (all P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
UC-associated and sporadic CRCs have distinct miRNA expression patterns, and some miRNAs indicate early neoplastic progression.
Orientation and Residual Stress Distributions in Thick Melt Spun Polystyrene and Polycarbonate Filaments
Authors: Kang Ho Jong , White James L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A study of orientation development and residual stresses in thick melt spun polystyrene filaments and polycarbonate filaments described. Linear relationships between spinline stress and mean birefringence under different melt spinning conditions were obtained. These results were used together with models of the dynamics of melt spinning to predict the characteristics of thick melt spun filaments. Birefringence distrbutions and residual stresses were computed. High orientations and compressive circumferential residual stresses were predicted at the larger radii and low orientation and tensile circumferential and radial residual stress in the fiber core are obtained. The distribution of birefringence across the thickness of thick melt spun filaments was measured by determining changes of retardation across a wedge. The birefringence distributions were correlated with severity of quench and model prediction. Thick melt spun fibers were peeled and found to have fibrillar cores.
Modelling Flow in an Intermeshing Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder: Flow in Kneading Discs
Authors: Szydlowski W. , Brzoskowski R. , White J. L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A model for simulation of flow in an intermeshing kneading disc region of corotating twin screw extruder is presented. This is based on hydrodynamic lubrication theory for a Newtonian fluid. Numerical procedures are used to compute the pressure distribution and flow field in the kneading disc region. The influence of staggering angle, nip clearance, screw speed and throughput rate are investigated.
Textkritik im Dienste der Wahrheitsfindung? Das VI. Ökumenische Konzil (680/81) und seine Fälschungsnachweise
Authors: Ohme Heinz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the plausibility of the proof presented at the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680/81) to show that the Logos of Patriarch Menas (536-552) and the two letters of Pope Vigilius (537-555) were forgeries. These texts were among the most important testimonia of the so-called Monotheletes, and prove the assertion of one operation and one will in Christ long before the controversy of the seventh century. Through an analysis of the conciliar acts and other texts it is shown that the argumentation of the council was not only incoherent and self-contradictory but actually scandalous, since the evidence presented by an authentic papyrus roll of the Acts of the Fifth Council, with its clear proof of the authenticity of the Vigilius letters, was ignored. In an adoption and further development of the frequently overlooked treatment of this matter in the 1971 edition of the Acts of the Fifth Ecumenical Council (553) (ACO, ser. I, 4/1) the following is demonstrated: the discovery of the longer first edition of the Acts, containing the Vigilius letters, in the original papyrus rolls of the Acts of the Fifth Council led, from the beginning of the so-called monenergist-monothelete controversy, to the (re‐)introduction of the disputed texts into the shorter second edition contained in codices. It is indisputable that these texts are authentic.
Synergistic anti-cancer effects of Nigella sativa seed oil and conventional cytotoxic agent against human breast cancer
Authors: Baig Waheed A. , Alwosaibai Kholoud , Al-Jubran Khalid M. , Chaudhry Tariq M. , Al-Dowish Nouf , Alsaffar Fatimah , Alam Md Anzar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive non-skin malignancy in women worldwide, and it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in them. Nigella sativa Linn. seed oil has been found to be effective in cancer treatment as well as having anti-cancer properties in some other types of cancers. The study looked into the synergistic cytotoxic effects of N. sativa Linn. seed oil and doxorubicin in the treatment of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

Methods

Nigella sativa Linn. seed oil was used to evaluate its effect on human breast cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with doxorubicin. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests were used to examine cell proliferation and cell viability, while phase-contrast inverted microscopy was used to examine cellular morphology. Furthermore, the role of N. sativa seed oil in decreasing cell tumorigenicity features was highlighted by testing the cancer cell migration using the wound healing assay.

Results
Results showed that higher concentrations (50 μg/mL) of N. sativa Linn. seed oil changed the breast cancer cell morphology and decreased the cell proliferation and viability. Breast cancer cells treated with black seed oil decreased cell movement after 24 hours compared to the untreated cell in the wound healing assay. Whereas, only the higher concentration of doxorubicin (0.5–2.5 μg/mL) reduced cell proliferation and cell viability. Moreover, the combination treatment of 50 μg/mL of black seed oil with different concentrations of doxorubicin caused a significant cell proliferation reduction and decreased cell viability. The activity was seen optimum at lower concentration (0.1 µg/mL) of doxorubicin.

Conclusions
There was decreased cell proliferation and cell viability when N. sativa seed oil was used alone or in conjunction with doxorubicin in Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) revealing potential opportunities in the field of cancer treatment.
Facile route of synthesis of silver nanoparticles templated bacterial cellulose, characterization, and its antibacterial application
Authors: Mutiara Tintin , Sulistyo Hary , Fahrurrozi Moh. , Hidayat Muslikhin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced from coconut water, commonly known as nata de coco, is a biopolymer with enormous properties. Compared to plant cellulose, BC has better mechanical strength and a greater degree of polymerization. BC’s high purity and high porosity make it a suitable candidate for the embedding and dispersion template for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study investigated a facile and scalable method of making BC from coconut water and impregnated them with AgNO3 solution to produce AgNPs templated BC. The resulting materials were characterized by Fourier transform infra-Red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal stability was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity of AgNPs templated BC was challenged in cultures of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and showed an inhibition zone of growth in agar media. This study proves that the resulting AgNPs templated BC sheets are potential materials for antibacterial and industrial application that are low cost and easy to produce.
Preparation of the micro-size flake silver powders by using a micro-jet reactor
Authors: Li Jun , Li Na , Wan Xiaoxi , Tian Shihong , Liu Jianhua , Xu Lei , Wang Qin , Ju Shaohua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The micro-size flake silver powders were prepared through wet-chemical reduction method by using a micro-jet reactor. Herein ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent, and sulfuric acid was used as a stabilizer. And the lauric acid was used as a dispersing agent to prevent particles’ agglomeration. The micro-jet reactor collides the two solutions together and uniformly mixes outside the reactor, to avoid the problem of clogging in the microchannel. The effects of dispersant addition and micro-jet flow rate on the morphology, particle size, and other parameters of silver powder is investigated in the present work. Interestingly, the addition of dispersant agent and stabilizer have a significant impact on the morphology and parameter of the silver particles. Under the conditions of micro-jet flow rate of 50 mL·min−1, sulfuric acid addition amount of 2%, and lauric acid addition amount of 0.8% by the weight of silver nitrate, a kind of flake silver powders with 4.40–4.70 μm can be prepared. The volume resistivity of the silver paste prepared from the obtained flake silver powders is in the range of 1.4–1.6 × 10−4 Ω·cm−1, which meets the application test requirements of conductive silver paste.
Reviewing the status and demise of the Endangered Eld’s deer and identifying priority sites and conservation actions in Cambodia
Authors: Ladd Rachel , Crouthers Rachel , Brook Sarah , Eames Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEld’s deer (Rucervus eldi) was once widely distributed across Southeast Asia, however the species is now listed as Endangered, having suffered severe population declines and range contractions. Cambodia has been considered a strong hold for the Eld’s deer subspeciesR. e. siamensis, however there is limited population data available for this species within Cambodia, making its status unclear. Here, we collated all records of Eld’s deer presence between 2000 and 2020 to provide an insight into the current status of the species in Cambodia. Data was sourced through literature review as well as the internal databases of conservation organisations and biodiversity surveys. Our findings reveal that very small, spatially isolated populations of Eld’s deer are now largely restricted to nine areas in the eastern and northern parts of the country and that urgent conservation action is required to secure the future of this species in Cambodia. Effective law enforcement and anti-hunting strategies, implementation of management plans within protected areas as well as investigation into the potential of captive populations to support the conservation of Eld’s deer in the wild are essential for preserving this species.
The stability with general decay rate of hybrid stochastic fractional differential equations driven by Lévy noise with impulsive effects
Authors: Hou Tingting , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, our aims are to study the stability with general decay rate of hybrid stochastic fractional differential equations driven by Lévy noise with impulsive effects. Using Lyapunov function, nonnegative semi-martingale convergence theorem, we obtain the almost sure stability with general decay rate, including the exponential stability and the polynomial stability. Moreover, we give an upper bound of each coefficient at any mode according to the theory of M-matrix. Finally, one example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theory.
Der Weg zur Wiederaufnahme – Eine Expertenbefragung zum Vorfeld von Wiederaufnahmeverfahren
Authors: Leve Mona , Otzipka Jana , Volbert Renate 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Mittels einer Expertenbefragung wurden Informationen zum Vorfeld von Wiederaufnahmeanträgen erhoben. Hierfür wurden erstmals beide gesetzlich vorgesehenen Antragsteller:innen von Wiederaufnahmeanträgen – 10 Strafverteidiger:innen sowie 11 Staatsanwält:innen – zu ihren Erfahrungen mit Wiederaufnahmeanträgen befragt.Es ließen sich drei unterschiedliche Problemkonstellationen identifizieren: a) mögliche Verurteilung von Unschuldigen, b) möglicher Freispruch von Schuldigen, c) mögliche fehlerhafte Rechtsfolgen (Anträge zugunsten von Verurteilten), bei denen die Täterschaft des Verurteilten nicht in Frage steht. Strafverteidiger:innen bezogen sich ausschließlich auf die Konstellation a); Staatsanwält:innen berichteten überwiegend über Erfahrungen mit Konstellation c), in dieser Befragtengruppe fanden sich aber Erfahrungen mit allen drei Konstellationen.Nach den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Befragungen streben Staatsanwält:nnen nach Rechtskraft eines Urteils in der Regel keine weiteren Ermittlungen an, sondern werden mit Wiederaufnahmeanträgen dann aktiv, wenn ein eindeutiger Wiederaufnahmegrund (z. B. unerkannte Doppelverfolgung, fehlerhafte Gesamtstrafenbildung) bereits vorliegt. Von der Mehrzahl der Strafverteidiger:innen wurden fehlerhafte Sachverständigengutachten und eine unkritische Würdigung der Gutachten durch die Gerichte als häufige Fehlerquelle angegeben; als weitere häufige Fehlerquelle wurden falsche Zeugenaussagen genannt. Solchen Wiederaufnahmeanträgen müssen oft Ermittlungen vorausgehen, um neue Beweismittel bzw. Tatsachen zu finden oder zu schaffen.Der Zugang zu Wiederaufnahmeverfahren für Verurteilte ist nach den Ergebnissen der Befragung aktuell insbesondere durch Probleme der Finanzierung (sowohl der anwaltlichen Tätigkeit als auch von Ermittlungstätigkeiten inklusive neuer Sachverständigengutachten) und dem Umstand, dass nur wenige Strafverteidiger:innen über spezialisiertes Wissen zum Wiederaufnahmerecht verfügen, erschwert.Die Regelungen der §§ 359, 362 StPO wurden von den meisten Befragten in beiden Expertengruppen nicht prinzipiell kritisiert, sondern als zweckmäßig erachtet. Von Seiten der Strafverteidiger:innen wurde jedoch eine restriktive Handhabung und Rechtsprechung beklagt. Ferner wurden Reformen außerhalb des Wiederaufnahmerechts vorgeschlagen, die den Nachweis einer Fehlverurteilung erleichtern, wie eine audio(visuelle) Protokollierung der Hauptverhandlung.
Design automation of photonic resonator weights
Authors: Ferreira de Lima Thomas , Doris Eli A. , Bilodeau Simon , Zhang Weipeng , Jha Aashu , Peng Hsuan-Tung , Blow Eric C. , Huang Chaoran , Tait Alexander N. , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neuromorphic photonic processors based on resonator weight banks are an emerging candidate technology for enabling modern artificial intelligence (AI) in high speed analog systems. These purpose-built analog devices implement vector multiplications with the physics of resonator devices, offering efficiency, latency, and throughput advantages over equivalent electronic circuits. Along with these advantages, however, often come the difficult challenges of compensation for fabrication variations and environmental disturbances. In this paper, we review sources of variation and disturbances from our experiments, as well as mathematically define quantities that model them. Then, we introduce how the physics of resonators can be exploited to weight and sum multiwavelength signals. Finally, we outline automated design and control methodologies necessary to create practical, manufacturable, and high accuracy/precision resonator weight banks that can withstand operating conditions in the field. This represents a road map for unlocking the potential of resonator weight banks in practical deployment scenarios.
Nietzsche, Plato and Aristotle on Priests and Moneymakers
Authors: Safronov Dmitri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHaving started with a harsh critique of the “contemptible money economy” (UM III, SE 4), Nietzsche subsequently travelled back in time in order to discern the origins of its values and to formulate goals that would “transcend money and money-making” (UM III, SE 6). Having traced the “greed of the moneymaker” back to theressentimentof the “ascetic priest” (GM III 10–5), Nietzsche’s genealogical inquiry culminated in his discussion of the slave revolt in morality. A particular feature pertaining respectively to the domains of material debts and moral guilt was their reliance on an enduring revaluation of values. The manner in which Nietzsche connects the moneymaker’s world of material debts to the priest’s domain of the slave morality reveals a number of striking structural parallels to Plato’s, and to some extent Aristotle’s, discussion of the uneasy accommodation between democracy and moneymaking. Highlighting and exploring these similarities, which remain largely overlooked in the current scholarship, adds to our understanding of Nietzsche’s undertaking.