bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signals from posterior parietal area 5 to motor cortex during locomotion
Authors: Beloozerova Irina N , Nilaweera Wijitha U , Viana Di Prisco Gonzalo , Marlinski Vladimir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArea 5 of the parietal cortex is part of the “dorsal stream” cortical pathway which processes visual information for action. The signals that area 5 ultimately conveys to motor cortex, the main area providing output to the spinal cord, are unknown. We analyzed area 5 neuronal activity during vision-independent locomotion on a flat surface and vision-dependent locomotion on a horizontal ladder in cats focusing on corticocortical neurons (CCs) projecting to motor cortex from the upper and deeper cortical layers and compared it to that of neighboring unidentified neurons (noIDs). We found that upon transition from vision-independent to vision-dependent locomotion, the low discharge of CCs in layer V doubled and the proportion of cells with 2 bursts per stride tended to increase. In layer V, the group of 2-bursters developed 2 activity peaks that coincided with peaks of gaze shifts along the surface away from the animal, described previously. One-bursters and either subpopulation in supragranular layers did not transmit any clear unified stride-related signal to the motor cortex. Most CC group activities did not mirror those of their noID counterparts. CCs with receptive fields on the shoulder, elbow, or wrist/paw discharged in opposite phases with the respective groups of pyramidal tract neurons of motor cortex, the cortico-spinal cells.
Disease Burden and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients According to Therapy at Enrollment Into CorEvitas’ Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry
Authors: Cross Raymond K , Naegeli April N , Harrison Ryan W , Moore Page C , Mackey Rachel H , Crabtree Margaux M , Lemay Celeste A , Arora Vipin , Morris Nathan , Sontag Angelina , Kayhan Cem , Korzenik Joshua R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
To evaluate disease burden and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients at enrollment into CorEvitas’ Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry by therapy class.

Methods
Between May 3, 2017 and September 3, 2019, 773 UC registry patients were categorized by therapy class at enrollment: patients on 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs) only (n = 290), and patients on biologics/Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) alone or in combination with 5-ASAs or immunosuppressant therapies (BIO/JAKi) (n = 315). To quantify between group differences, the mean/proportional differences and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated.

Results
Among 605 UC patients at enrollment, BIO/JAKi patients were younger (44.1 vs. 50.9 years) more were female (58.0% vs. 49.7%), had lower remission (45.4% vs. 60.0%), had more moderate/severe disease (16.5% vs. 7.1%), experienced less proctitis (10.5% vs. 22.1%), but more pancolitis (54.6% vs. 34.1%), more corticosteroid experience (70.8% vs. 44.5%), previous biologic experience (1 prior: 21.6% vs. 2.4%; 2+ prior: 12.1% vs. 0.3%), and shorter duration of current UC therapy (1.6 vs. 3.5 years) than 5-ASAs patients. BIO/JAKi patients had higher current employment than 5-ASAs patients (70.7% vs. 62.4%) and higher mean Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) domains for absenteeism (7.3 vs. 2.8) and activity impairment (22.0 vs. 17.5).

Conclusions
Among UC patients in a real-world setting, BIO/JAKi patients had less remission, more moderate-to-severe disease, and worse PROs than 5-ASAs patients. These results suggest that despite increased therapeutic options, patients with UC currently being treated with biologics or JAKi may still experience disease burden and continued unmet needs.
Interleukin-23 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Implications for Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Sewell Gavin W , Kaser Arthur 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interleukin-23 [IL-23] cytokine, derived predominantly from macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbial stimulation, has emerged as a critical promoter of chronic intestinal inflammation. Genome-wide association studies linking variants in IL23R to disease protection, bolstered by experimental evidence from colitis models, and the successful application of therapies against the IL-12/IL-23 shared p40 subunit in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] all provide compelling evidence of a crucial role for IL-23 in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, targeting the p19 subunit specific for IL-23 has shown considerable promise in recent phase 2 studies in IBD. The relative importance of the diverse immunological pathways downstream of IL-23 in propagating mucosal inflammation in the gut, however, remains contentious. Here we review current understanding of IL-23 biology and explore its pleiotropic effects on T cells, and innate lymphoid, myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells in the context of the pathogenesis of IBD. We furthermore discuss these pathways in the light of recent evidence from clinical trials and indicate emerging targets amenable to therapeutic intervention and translation into clinical practice.
Axon-dendrite and apical-basolateral sorting in a single neuron
Authors: Lillis Monique , Zaccardi Nathan J , Heiman Maxwell G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cells are highly organized machines with functionally specialized compartments. For example, membrane proteins are localized to axons or dendrites in neurons and to apical or basolateral surfaces in epithelial cells. Interestingly, many sensory cells—including vertebrate photoreceptors and olfactory neurons—exhibit both neuronal and epithelial features. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans amphid neurons simultaneously exhibit axon-dendrite sorting like a neuron and apical-basolateral sorting like an epithelial cell. The distal ∼5–10 µm of the dendrite is apical, while the remainder of the dendrite, soma, and axon are basolateral. To determine how proteins are sorted among these compartments, we studied the localization of the conserved adhesion molecule SAX-7/L1CAM. Using minimal synthetic transmembrane proteins, we found that the 91-aa cytoplasmic tail of SAX-7 is necessary and sufficient to direct basolateral localization. Basolateral localization can be fully recapitulated using either of 2 short (10-aa or 19-aa) tail sequences that, respectively, resemble dileucine and Tyr-based motifs known to mediate sorting in mammalian epithelia. The Tyr-based motif is conserved in human L1CAM but had not previously been assigned a function. Disrupting key residues in either sequence leads to apical localization, while “improving” them to match epithelial sorting motifs leads to axon-only localization. Indeed, changing only 2 residues in a short motif is sufficient to redirect the protein between apical, basolateral, and axonal localization. Our results demonstrate that axon-dendrite and apical-basolateral sorting pathways can coexist in a single cell, and suggest that subtle changes to short sequence motifs are sufficient to redirect proteins between these pathways.
Acquired bedaquiline resistance during the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review
Authors: Mallick Jahan Saeed , Nair Parvati , Abbew Elizabeth Tabitha , Van Deun Armand , Decroo Tom 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is considered to be a public health threat and is difficult to cure, requiring a lengthy treatment with potent, potentially toxic drugs. The novel antimicrobial agent bedaquiline has shown promising results for patients with DR-TB, improving the rate of culture conversion and reducing TB-related mortality. However, increasing numbers of cases with acquired bedaquiline resistance (ABR) have been reported in recent years.

Methods
This systematic review aimed to assess the frequency of ABR and characteristics of patients acquiring it. Studies showing data on sequential bedaquiline drug-susceptibility testing in patients treated with a bedaquiline-containing regimen were included. The databases CENTRAL, PubMed and Embase were manually searched, and 866 unique records identified, eventually leading to the inclusion of 13 studies. Phenotypic ABR was assessed based on predefined MIC thresholds and genotypic ABR based on the emergence of resistance-associated variants.

Results
The median (IQR) frequency of phenotypic ABR was 2.2% (1.1%–4.6%) and 4.4% (1.8%–5.8%) for genotypic ABR. Among the studies reporting individual data of patients with ABR, the median number of likely effective drugs in a treatment regimen was five, in accordance with WHO recommendations. In regard to the utilization of important companion drugs with high and early bactericidal activity, linezolid was included in the regimen of most ABR patients, whereas the usage of other group A (fluoroquinolones) and former group B drugs (second-line injectable drugs) was rare.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a relevant frequency of ABR, urging for a better protection against it. Therefore, treatment regimens should include drugs with high resistance-preventing capacity through high and early bactericidal activity.
Intraoperative Methadone Use in Pediatric Burn Patients
Authors: Carlson Amanda , Pham David , Price Cayenne , Reisch Joan , Iskander Ingy , Ambardekar Aditee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burn injury in children can cause severe and chronic physical and mental sequelae. Opioids are a mainstay in burn pain management but increasing utilization in this country has led to concern for their continued use and potential for dependence. Methadone is a long-acting analgesic that targets the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in addition to the mu opioid receptor and has benefit in adult burn patients. However, its use in the pediatric burn population has been less robustly studied. This is a retrospective cohort study at a single Level 1 Burn Center whose primary aim is to compare opioid utilization 36 hours postoperatively between pediatric burn patients who received intraoperative, intravenous methadone and those who did not. Secondary aim was to describe differences in methadone-related complications between the cohorts. There was decreased opioid utilization measured by median morphine equivalents per kilogram (ME/kg) postoperatively in the methadone cohort compared to the control cohort (0.54 vs 0.77 mg/kg, P = .18). No adverse events were noted upon chart review. The data suggest that methadone use is beneficial in pediatric burn patients, but further prospective studies are warranted on a larger population.
Review of the Limnadiidae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) of southern Africa
Authors: Rogers D Christopher , Meyer-Milne Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe limnadiid clam shrimps of southern Africa are revised and the history and difficulties surrounding the taxonomy of the species in this region are discussed. Three new species are described: two of EulimnadiaPackard, 1874 and one of GondwanalimnadiaRogers, Rabet & Weeks, 2016. The two new Eulimnadia species are distinguished from congeners by their unique egg ornamentation: dense, fine, long striae in E. striatan. sp., broadly angular to subcylindrical with numerous rows of narrow, rectangular polygons in E. subcylindriforman. sp. The taxonomy and identity of Gondwanalimnadia is discussed in detail and validated as a new species as Gondwanalimnadia costatan. sp. This species is readily separated from the southern African Eulimnadia by the characters of the genus and the egg, which is spherical with large, broad costae.
A Rhetorical Reading of Self–Other Polarities in Counsel Arguments made before the Trials of Major Criminals at Nuremberg and Tokyo
Authors: Nell Albert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An argumentative narrative apart from positive rules appeared in early international criminal law (ICL). This article argues that a complex narrative pertaining to Self–Other polarities can be identified from the arguments presented by the counsel, whether prosecution or defence, in their respective case’s opening and closing arguments before the major war criminals’ trials at the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, on the one hand, and at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, on the other. This article proposes a fourfold taxonomy to explain said Self–Other narratives. It is further argued that these narratives could be explained through a classical rhetorical frame as aimed at enhancing the persuasion (by appealing, in particular, to logos, ethos and pathos) of the respective sides’ arguments. The article finally reflects on possible reasons why counsel appearing before these early ICL tribunals took recourse to these narratives to persuade. The constitution of the respective intended target audiences to be persuaded are considered in the process as well.
Ultrahigh-throughput screening of industrial enzyme-producing strains by droplet-based microfluidic system
Authors: Yuan Huiling , Tu Ran , Tong Xinwei , Lin Yuping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Qinhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool for single-cell screening with ultrahigh throughput, but its widespread application remains limited by the accessibility of a droplet microfluidic high-throughput screening (HTS) platform, especially to common laboratories having no background in microfluidics. Here, we first developed a microfluidic HTS platform based on fluorescence-activated droplet sorting technology. This platform allowed (i) encapsulation of single cells in monodisperse water-in-oil droplets; (ii) cell growth and protein production in droplets; and (iii) sorting of droplets based on their fluorescence intensities. To validate the platform, a model selection experiment of a binary mixture of Bacillus strains was performed, and a 45.6-fold enrichment was achieved at a sorting rate of 300 droplets per second. Furthermore, we used the platform for the selection of higher α-amylase-producing Bacillus licheniformis strains from a mutant library generated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis, and clones displaying over 50% improvement in α-amylase productivity were isolated. This droplet screening system could be applied to the engineering of other industrially valuable strains.
Arbitrage Pricing Theory for Idiosyncratic Variance Factors
Authors: Renault Eric , Van Der Heijden Thijs , Werker Bas J M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We develop an arbitrage pricing theory framework extension to study the pricing of squared returns/volatilities. We analyze the interplay between factors at the return level and those in idiosyncratic variances. We confirm the presence of a common idiosyncratic variance factor, but do not find evidence that this represents a missing risk factor at the (linear) return level. Thereby, we consistently identify idiosyncratic returns. The price of the idiosyncratic variance factor identified by squared returns is small relative to the price of market variance risk. The quadratic pricing kernels induced by our model are in line with standard economic intuition.
Calcitriol Pretreatment Attenuates Glutamate Neurotoxicity by Regulating NMDAR and CYP46A1 Gene Expression in Rats Subjected to Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Khassafi Negar , Zahraei Zohreh , Vahidinia Zeinab , Karimian Mohammad , Azami Tameh Abolfazl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although the neuroprotective effects of calcitriol have been demonstrated in a variety of neurological diseases, such as stroke, the precise molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of calcitriol as a neuroprotective agent via CYP46A1 and glutamate receptors in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. The MCAO technique was performed on adult male Wistar rats to induce focal cerebral ischemia for 1 hour followed by 23 hours of reperfusion. Calcitriol was given for 7 days prior to stroke induction. Sensorimotor functional tests were done 24 hours after ischemia/reperfusion, and infarct volume was estimated by tetrazolium chloride staining of brain sections. Gene expression of NR2A, NR2B, NR3B, and CYP46A1 was evaluated by RT-PCR followed by western blotting for NR3B protein. Our data revealed that calcitriol pretreatment reduced lesion volume and improved ischemic neurobehavioral parameters. Calcitriol therapy altered the expression of glutamate receptor and CYP46A1 genes. A possible molecular mechanism of calcitriol to reduce the severity and complications of ischemia may be through alterations of glutamate receptor and CYP46A1 gene expression.
Search in Response to Negative Performance Feedback: Problem-Definition and Solution-Generation
Authors: van der Voet Joris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Behavioral theory states that decision-makers engage in search in response to a performance shortfall. However, public administration research has remained remarkably inattentive of decision-makers’ attention. This study conceptually disentangles problem-defining and solution-generation as two distinct search objectives, in order to test theoretical expectations concerning individual decision-makers’ search in response to negative performance. Using a survey experiment among 1,562 political and managerial public sector decision-makers across 263 local government organizations that links factual performance feedback about budgetary performance and citizen satisfaction to a behavioral measure of both search objectives, the study finds increased solution-generation search in response to negative budgetary performance feedback, but not in response to low citizen satisfaction. Search of politicians and managers is found to be highly similar. These findings contribute to a behavioral understanding of how performance information influences search by politicians and managers, and reveal novel research avenues about information-processing that are of particular relevance to public administration research and theory.
Spectroscopic properties and driving factors of dissolved organic matter in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Cui Yuan , Luo Fang-Li , Zhang Ming-Xiang , Yu Fei-Hai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRiver deltas are hot spots of biogeochemical cycling. Understanding sources and driving factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river deltas is important for evaluating the role of river deltas in regulating global carbon flux. In this study, spectroscopic properties of soil DOM were analyzed in both freshwater and tidal areas of the Yellow River Delta. Five fluorescent components of soil DOM (two humic-like DOM, two protein-like DOM and one possible contaminant) were identified by parallel factor analysis and further confirmed by comparison with an online database. Concentration, spectroscopic properties and sources of soil DOM and its components differed between freshwater and tidal areas. DOM concentration was much higher in freshwater areas than in tidal areas. In freshwater areas, soil DOM was mainly derived from phytoplankton and microorganisms, while it was mainly derived from microorganisms and human activities in tidal areas. These differences in DOM between both areas were strongly driven by environmental factors, especially soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and its stoichiometric ratio C/N. These explained 80.7% and 69.6% of variations in DOM and chromophoric DOM (CDOM), respectively. In addition, phytoplankton also contributed to soil DOM, CDOM and fluorescent components C1–C4 as identified by significant positive correlations between them. These results imply that both the concentration and composition of soil DOM are strongly driven by soil properties and phytoplankton density in the Yellow River Delta.
Understanding health costs in the Jordanian public health sector: analysis of the cost-to-charge ratio
Authors: Hammad Eman A , Mousa Rimal , Massad Eman , Alabbadi Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the cost to charge ratios (CCRs) and understand the costs of procedures, laboratory tests and imaging in the public health sector in Jordan..

Methods
CCRs were estimated using published public data and data obtained from the financial departments of the three main public health programs in Jordan including the Ministry of Health, Military Royal Medical Services , and university affiliated hospitals. CCR was estimated by dividing the total cost by total charges (CCR = Total Hospital [or Cost Centre] Cost/Total Hospital [or Cost Centre] Charges) for the fiscal year 2016–2017. The charges master lists of procedures, diagnostics, and lab services were analyzed. Costs of most performed procedures, diagnostics and lab services were estimated using CCR approach. The cost of service equaled the billing charge (unit price) multiplied by the overall CCR of a provider.

Key findings
CCRs for the Ministry of Health ranged between 1.09 and 2.3 and expenditures approximately overweight charges two times. CCRs ranged between 0.31–0.89 for the Military Royal Medical Services and ranged between 0.34–0.79 for university-affiliated hospitals. Costs for 187 of the most performed procedures, diagnostics and lab tests were estimated.

Conclusions
CCR methodology is considered uncomplex in practice and useful to approximate costs from charges. The cost to charge of MoH was too high reflecting the highly subsidized health services offered by MoH facilities. Sustaining health service delivery and quality might be unwarranted. Master charge lists are old dated and not calibrated annually. There is no evidence based records on how these been estimated. Investing in cost data collection and analysis is demanded to enhance healthcare management.
Omental calcified fibrous tumor with symptoms after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Topcu Feyza Sönmez , İpek Turgut , Kapan Metin , Yılmaz Serpil , Ensaroğlu Fatih 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Calcified fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign tumor of mesenchymal origin. Between 1988 and 2019, a total of 272 CFT cases were reported. CFTs can be seen in all anatomical regions with soft tissue. Histologically, mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates and the presence of psammomatous calcification in dense hyalinized collagen are characteristic features of the tumor. Currently, if the tumor is located in only one focus, surgical removal is recommended. Although CFT is a benign tumor, it may cause complications. Diagnosis is often difficult due to the confusion of tumor findings with many diseases. We present a patient with CFT, whose omental lesions were detected on abdominal computed tomography, and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination.
Phytomelatonin as a signaling molecule for protein quality control via chaperone, autophagy, and ubiquitin–proteasome systems in plants
Authors: Lee Hyoung Yool , Hwang Ok Jin , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Physiological effects mediated by melatonin are attributable to its potent antioxidant activity as well as its role as a signaling molecule in inducing a vast array of melatonin-mediated genes. Here, we propose melatonin as a signaling molecule essential for protein quality control (PQC) in plants. PQC occurs by the coordinated activities of three systems: the chaperone network, autophagy, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system. With regard to the melatonin-mediated chaperone pathway, melatonin increases thermotolerance by induction of heat shock proteins and confers endoplasmic reticulum stress tolerance by increasing endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins. In chloroplasts, melatonin-induced chaperones, including Clps and CpHSP70s, play key roles in the PQC of chloroplast-localized proteins, such as Lhcb1, Lhcb4, and RBCL, during growth. Melatonin regulates PQC by autophagy processes, in which melatonin induces many autophagy (ATG) genes and autophagosome formation under stress conditions. Finally, melatonin-mediated plant stress tolerance is associated with up-regulation of stress-induced transcription factors, which are regulated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. In this review, we propose that melatonin plays a pivotal role in PQC and consequently functions as a pleiotropic molecule under non-stress and adverse conditions in plants.