bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maceration and Liquid-liquid extractions of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from Algerian olive oil mill wastewater
Authors: Gueboudji Zakia , Kadi Kenza , Mahmoudi Maher , Hannachi Hédia , Nagaz Kamel , Addad Dalila , Yahya Leila Ben , Lachehib Belgacem , Hessini Kamel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is a major waste stream from the olive oil industry. It is highly polluted due to phenolic compounds. The present study focused on the physicochemical properties of OMW as well as the quantitative and qualitative effects of two methods of extraction (maceration and liquid-liquid extraction) of phenolic compounds.
Methods
Liquid-liquid extraction and maceration methods were used for the extraction of phenolics. Spectrophotometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization–Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) were adopted to quantify the phytochemical contents and the phenolic compounds. The antioxidant potentials were evaluated using three assays DPPH, ABTS + and FRAP radical scavenging activities.
Results
The findings showed that the OMW was an acidic effluent (pH = 5.05) loaded with mineral and organic matter expressed in terms of a high value of electrical conductivity (EC = 13.51 mS/cm). Indeed, the OMW showed high dry matter, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The extract obtained by the maceration method showed the highest yields of total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannins contents than the liquid-liquid extraction method. The LC-MS results revealed the presence of 16 phenolic compounds in the extract obtained by the maceration method and only 12 phenolic compounds were found in the extract obtained by the second method. Quinic acid was identified as the most abundant compound. Moreover, the macerated extracts possessed the highest antioxidant potential as evidenced by their strong DPPH, ABTS and FRAP radical scavenging activities compared to the liquid-liquid extracts.
Conclusions
The maceration methods seemed to be the most effective method for extracting phenolic compounds from OMW than liquid-liquid extraction. The OMW constitute a rich source of natural phenolic compounds that could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Chitin Film Produced from Head of Caligula japonica Pupa: From Waste to Use
Authors: Fırat Beyza , Karaduman Tugce 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Harmful insects become bio-waste after they are collected for plant protection purposes. It is very important industrially to transform these bio-wastes into technological materials rather than incineration. Caligula japonica damages many plants such as walnut, chestnut, and apple, reduces fruit yield and even causes the trees to die. In this study, a three-dimensional natural chitin film was produced from the head of the C. japonica pupa, which is collected in large quantities from nature. As a result of the FTIR analysis, it was revealed that the produced films were in the form of alpha chitin and consisted of nanofibers that could be observed very clearly according to SEM analysis. The maximum degradation temperature of the resulting chitin film was measured to be 367.8 °C. As a result of XRD analysis, two sharp peaks were recorded in 9.42 and 19.52 which are characteristic for chitin. The cytotoxicity analysis performed on L929 revealed that the chitin film did not have any cytotoxic effect at 24th, 48th and 72nd hours. As a result, a natural, three-dimensional, nanofiber film with biocompatible properties was produced to be used in future biomedical applications.
Communicating climate change and biodiversity loss with local populations: Exploring best-practices and postcolonial moments in eight case studies from across the globe
Authors: Ansari Dawud , Schönenberg Regine , Abud Melissa , Becerra Laura , Brahim Wassim , Vega-Leinert Anne Cristina de la , Dudley Nigel , Dunlop Michael , Figueroa Carolina , Guevara Oscar , Hauser Philipp , Hobbie Hannes , Hossain Mostafa A.R. , Hugé Jean , de Bisthoven Luc ‎ Janssens , Keunen Hilde , Munera-Roldan Claudia , Petzold Jan , Rochette Anne-Julie , Schmidt Matthew , Schumann Charlotte , Sengupta Sayanti , Stoll-Kleemann Susanne , Kerkhoff Lorrae van , Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Wyborn Carina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider and involve them. Therefore, we present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications regarding climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities. We develop eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, reflecting the scope of Verran (2002)'s concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia. We demonstrate that applying our indicators enhances communication, although we discover a divergence between timing, complexity, and (introspective) effort. Three cases qualify for postcolonial moments , but scrutinising power relations and genuine knowledge co-production remain rare. While we verify the potency of various instruments for deconstructing science, their sophistication cannot substitute trust-building and epistemic/transdisciplinary awareness. Lastly, we consider that reforming inadequate funding policies helps improving the work in and with local communities.
Compounding joint impact of rainfall, storm surge and river discharge on coastal flood risk: An approach based on 3D Fully Nested Archimedean Copulas
Authors: Latif Md Shahid , Simonovic Slobodan P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Compound flooding is a multidimensional consequence of the joint impact of multiple intercorrelated drivers such as oceanographic, hydrologic, and meteorological. These individual drivers exhibit interdependence due to common forcing mechanisms. If they occur simultaneously or successively, the probability of their joint occurrence will be higher than expected if considered separately. The copula-based multivariate joint analysis can effectively measure hydrologic risk associated with compound events. Because of the involvement of multiple drivers, it is necessary to switch from bivariate (2D) to trivariate (3D) analyses. This study presents an original trivariate probabilistic framework through incorporating multivariate hierarchal models called asymmetric or fully nested Archimedean (or FNA) copula in the joint analysis of compound flood risk. The efficacy of the derived FNA copulas model, together with symmetric Archimedean and Elliptical class copulas, are tested by compounding the joint impact of rainfall, storm surge, and river discharge observations through a case study at the west coast of Canada. The obtained copula-based joint analysis is employed in multivariate analysis of flood risks in trivariate and bivariate primary joint and conditional joint return periods. The estimated joint return periods are further employed in estimating failure probability statistics for assessing the trivariate (and bivariate) hydrologic risk associated with compound events. The statistical tests found the fully nested Frank copula outperforms symmetric 3D copulas. Our work confirms that for effective compound flood risk analysis together with bivariate or univariate return periods, is essential to account for the trivariate joint return periods in order to assess the expected compound flood risk and strength of influence of different variables if they occur simultaneously. The bivariate (also univariate) events produce lower failure probability than trivariate analysis for the OR-joint cases.Thus, ignoring the compounding impacts via trivariate joint analysis can significantly underestimate failure probability and joint return period.
Effect of home exercise rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function in patients after PCI: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Jidong , Fuhai LI , Li Yan , Cao Lihua , Cui Chunli , Zhang Wenzhong , Lian Zhexun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to compare the effects of different durations of home exercise rehabilitation on left ventricular remodeling and cardiopulmonary function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
All patients received individualized home exercise rehabilitation guidance and treatment after discharge from the hospital. Echocardiography and CPET were performed before and after the rehabilitation intervention. The echocardiographic parameters and CPET results of the two groups were compared before and after rehabilitation. Differences between the groups were compared for each parameter.
Results
Forty patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into long-term home rehabilitation group (6–12 months, n = 18) and short-term home rehabilitation group (3 to < 6 months, n = 22).The CPET parameters ATVO2, peak VO2/kg, and peak METs in the long-term home rehabilitation group increased after rehabilitation compared with those before rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Except for the decrease in the VE/VCO2 slope, which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), ATVO2, peak VO2/HR, peak VO2/kg, peak METs, and peak power all increased in the long-term home rehabilitation group compared with the short-term home rehabilitation group(P < 0.05). LVEDd and LVESd were lower in the long-term home rehabilitation group than in the short-term home rehabilitation group(P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis of the correlation between LVEF and CPET parameters suggested that LVEF had a positive and statistically significant correlation with ATVO2 and peak power (r = 0.7156828,P = 0.009 and r = 0.457907,P = 0.034).
Conclusion
Long-term home rehabilitation of patients with ACS after PCI improved the cardiopulmonary function and exercise capacity.
The neuroprotection of hyperoside in MPP+/MPTP -induced Parkinson’s disease model
Authors: Xu Xing-Jie , Pan Tao , Fan Hui-Jie , Wang Xu , Yu Jie-Zhong , Zhang Hai-Fei , Xiao Bao-Guo , Zhang Bo , Ma Cun-Gen , Chai Zhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease featured by the pathological dysfunction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which can cause an insufficient release of dopamine (DA), induce motor and nonmotor symptoms. Hyperoside (HYP) belongs to lignan components and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HYP on dopaminergic neurons.Methods and resultsIn this study, MPTP and its active neurotoxic metabolite MPP+ were applied to establish the PD model, respectively, treated with HYP. We found that HYP (100μg/ml) mitigated the cytotoxicity effect of SH-SY5Y cells under the treatment of MPP+ and HYP (25mg/kg/d) alleviated the motor symptoms of PD mice induced by MPTP. HYP treatment reduced the content of NO, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as mitochondrial damage of DA neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, HYP treatment converted neurotrophic factors' downregulation levels, including GDNF, BDNF and CNDF in vivo but not in nitro. Finally, we found there was an activation of AKT signaling after the administration of HYP in MPP+/MPTP model, and the inhibition of AKT signaling did not block the neuroprotection of HYP on DA neurons. ConclusionsThese results indicate that HYP protected the DA neurons from the MPP+ and MPTP-induced injuries in a way that did not rely on the AKT signal.
Shine: To explore specific, sensitive and conserved biomarkers from massive microbial genomic data within intra-populations
Authors: Ji Cong , Shao Junbin Jack 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSince DNA concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms in biological samples were mostly very low and close to the detection limit with time consuming and costly with poor accuracy, pathogen detection was lack of shared universal phylogenetic repetitive biomarkers and utilization has become one of the most challenging aspects in clinical applications. Limited by failing to cover updated epidemic testing samples, some service was hard to practice in clinical applications without customized settings in order to lower the quality of nucleic acid detection reagents. Furthermore, in order to maintain the high conservations, biomarker combinations may not be cost effective and could cause several experimental mistakes in actual mechanical processes in many clinical settings. With the limit of recent developing technology and knowledge, 16s rRNA was too conservative to distinguish the closely related species, and likely mosaic plasmid was always not effective because of its unevenly distributed across prokaryotic taxa. ResultsHere we provided a new strategy, Shine, to explore specific, sensitive and conserved biomarkers from massive microbial genomic data within intra-populations in order to improve detection sensitivity and accuracy. Distinguished with simple concatenations with blast-based filtering, our method was constructed by a de novo genome alignment-based pipeline to explore the original and specific repetitive biomarkers of the defined intra-population to cover all members to detect newly discovered multi-copy conserved species-specific or even subspecies-specific target probes and primers sets, which has been successfully applied on a number of clinical projects and have the overwhelming advantages of quantitative systematic and automated detection of all pathogenic microorganisms without limits of genome annotation and incompletely assembled motifs. Based on our strategy, users may select different configuration parameters depending on the purpose of the project to realize routine clinical detection practices on the website https://bioinfo.liferiver.com.cn with easy-to-go registration.ConclusionsIt is recommended that our strategy is suitable to identify shared universal phylogenetic markers with few false positive or false negative errors and to automate the design of minimal high effective primers and probes to detect pathogenic communities with cost-effective predictive power.
Some Thoughts about Infrared Radiation Response Characteristics during Loading of Coal and Sandstone Samples
Authors: Sun Hai , Konietzky Heinz , Wang Fei , Herbst Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The infrared radiation response characteristics and mechanisms of coal and sandstone samples under uniaxial compression were investigated by using infrared thermal imaging and strain measurement techniques. The stress-strain curves were divided into different damage stages (i.e. crack closure, elastic deformation, stable crack growth, unstable crack growth, and post-failure) by the damage thresholds determined by using transverse and vertical strains. Experimental results show that the infrared radiation response characteristics of coal and sandstone are the superposition of different mechanisms, which lead to either temperature increase or decrease. The response mechanisms of infrared radiation vary depending on the damage stage. During crack closure and elastic deformation stage, temperature variations are governed mainly by thermoelastic effects and nearly adiabatic compression of the air in the pore space. In the stable and unstable crack growth phase, the temperature variations are dominated by two reverse acting processes: heat production by frictional sliding and cooling by the expansion of gases in pore spaces. This leads to complex inhomogeneous radiation and consequently temperature distribution at the sample surface with local hotspots.
Effect of intermediate lesions on the 10-years clinical outcomes in patients with significant coronary artery disease
Authors: Kim Yong Kyun , Yang Dong Ju , Jang Chae Won , Kwon Soon Ho , Lee Jae Kwang , Park Seong Soo , Seo Young Hoon , Kim Ki Hong , Kwon Taek Geun , Lee Moo-Sik , Bae Jang-Ho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Intermediate lesions (ILs) are challenging to treat. This study aimed to assess the impact of ILs on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with significant coronary lesions (SLs).Methods: This was a non-randomized, retrospective, single-center study. The study subjects were patients with SL (n=403, Men=249), followed up for 10 years (118.5±5.5 months), and divided into 2 groups according to the presence of IL (IL (-) and IL (+) groups with 192 and 211 patients, respectively). The primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which included all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and revascularization (RVSC).Results: There were no significant differences in MACEs between the IL (-) and IL (+) groups (death, 7.8% vs. 12.3%; MI, 0.0% vs. 2.4%; stroke, 5.7% vs. 6.6%; and RVSC, 19.8% vs. 24.6%). However, the RVSC rate related to IL was lower (5.2% vs. 13.2%) than that related to stented lesions in all subjects. The important predictors for total MACEs in all subjects were the number of ILs and ejection fraction. The predictors of total RVSC events were IL location (right coronary artery [RCA]) and hypertension. The predictor of IL-related RVSC was the number of ILs.Conclusion: Ten-year clinical outcomes of IL were excellent and better than those of stented lesions in patients with SL. Thus, ILs can be managed with optimal medical treatment with acceptable clinical outcomes in patients with SL. The increased risk of MACE in patients with multiple ILs and ILS in the RCA should be carefully managed.
Determination of Quizalofop-p-ethyl in onion spices: Residual profile, weed control efficiency and food safety assessment under field conditions
Authors: Hazra Dipak Kumar , MONDAL PRITHUSAYAK , Purkait Aloke , Mandal Swagata , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Karmakar Rajib , Roy Sankhajit , Banerjee Tirthankar , Banerjee Hemanta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Monitoring for pesticide residues in onion (Allium cepa L.) is important to protect consumer health and to ensure food safety. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons with quizalofop ethyl (5% EC) @ 50 and 100 g a.i. ha-1 to evaluate weed control efficiency and to determine terminal residues. Double the recommended dose (100 g a.i. ha-1) produced higher weed control efficiency (88.53-95.13 %), lower weed density (4.15-7.73 m-2), and weed dry weight. A rapid, sensitive, and analytical method was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with excellent linearity (r2 > 0.99). Accuracy of the method in terms of average recoveries ranged from 94.4 to 99.9 % at spiking levels of 0.04, 0.20 and 0.40 mg kg-1 with intra and inter-day precision expressed relative standard deviation RSD (%) between 0.1-2.3 and 1.7-3. The limit of quantification for quizalofop-p-ethyl was established at 0.04 mg kg-1 with signal to noise (S/N) ratio ≥10. The method was successfully applied and initial quantified residues were in the range of 2.5-4.4 mg kg-1 irrespective of seasons and doses. Finally, the presence of targeted herbicide residues in harvested samples was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) under optimized operating conditions. The herbicide dissipated to the lowest validated level (0.04 mg kg-1) between 10-15 days with half-life values (DT50) of 1.5-1.6 days. Dietary risk assessment assured harvested onions were safe for consumption at the recommended dose.
A novel method to quantify the immune status and regulate the immunosuppressants in liver transplant recipients
Authors: He Qiang , Zhu Ji-Qiao , Zhou Lin , Kou Jian-Tao , Ma Jun , Jia Ya-Nan , Wang Ruo-lin , Li Xian-Liang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Due to the lack of a reliable means to evaluate the immune status, we proposed a novel method, namely Mingdao immune cells analysis and Mingdao immune score system, to quantify the immunity by scores. Methods: Data from healthy controls in addition to liver transplant recipients, who underwent a single liver transplant or were followed up at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, were retrospectively collected and analyzed between January 2017 and June 2020. Furthermore, peripheral blood was taken for flow cytometric measurement. Results: A total of 376 healthy controls with 376 tests and 148 liver transplant recipients with 284 tests were included in this study. Evaluated by Mingdao immune cells analysis and Mingdao immune score system, the mean values of healthy controls were near zero inspite of different age groups and gender in contrast to negative mean values in liver transplant recipients before and after liver transplantation. The preoperative scores were used to decide the first dose of the immunosuppressants as patients with lower scores (≤ -5) were suggested to give a lower dose in an attempt to reach a balance between over- and under- immunosuppression. Moreover, we found positive scores or increased scores (≥ 5) could reflect immune activation. Finally, the score was defined to be the only significant independent risk factor for clinical acute rejection (odds ratio, 0.913; confidence interval, 0.845-0.987; P = 0.021). Conclusion: The novel method could be used as an indicator to reflect the immunity and to regulate the immunosuppressants.
Biomechanical Analyses of Gait and Balance in Patients with Subacute Stroke
Authors: Yoo Seung Don , Choi Min Kyu , Kim Dong Hwan , Lee Seung Ah , Chung Seung Jun , Park Eo Jin , Kim Min Gyun , Kim Ji Min 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Stroke patients may have balance and gait disturbances due to decreased muscle strength and loss of proprioception. Although previous studies have evaluated balance, walking ability, and functional status of stroke patients, studies that quantitatively evaluate these problems and clarify the correlation between each parameter are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to measure the biomechanical gait parameters of subacute stroke patients and investigate their association with balance and function.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients admitted with stroke as the main diagnosis between November 2020 and November 2021. Functional evaluation was performed using the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); balance was evaluated using Berg balance scale (BBS), Trunk Control Test (TCT), and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). Quantitative gait parameters were measured using the Zebris gait analysis system. Bilateral hand grip strength, and bilateral knee extension and flexion strength were measured using a dynamometer. The correlation between each evaluation item was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis.Results: Analysis confirmed a strong positive correlation between K-MBI and SPPB, indicators of functional status, and BBS, TIS, and TCT, indicators of balance. Grip, knee extension, and knee flexion strength of the hemiplegic side were positively correlated with overall balance and functional status. The hemiplegic side showed a shorter stance phase and a longer swing phase, and these values showed a significant correlation with functional status. Step length, step time, and gait line length were significantly correlated with balance.Conclusion: It may be helpful to focus on measuring and correcting the center of pressure and stance phase of the hemiplegic side during gait for balance and functional status improvements. Quantitative biomechanical gait analysis may be helpful in assessing balance and functional status in patients with subacute stroke.