bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extensive search algorithm to find feasible healthy menus for humans.
Authors: Martos-Barrachina F. , Delgado-Antequera L. , Hernández M. , Caballero R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPromoting healthy lifestyles is nowadays a public priority among most public entities. The ability to design an array of nutritious and appealing diets is very valuable. Menu Planning still presents a challenge which complexity derives from the problems’ many dimensions and the idiosyncrasies of human behavior towards eating. Among the difficulties encountered by researchers when facing the Menu Planning Problem, being able of finding a rich feasible region stands out. We consider it as a system of inequalities to which we try to find solutions. We have developed and implemented a two-phase algorithm -that mainly stems from the Randomized Search and the Genetic- that is capable of rapidly finding an pool of solutions to the system with the aim of properly identifying the feasible region of the underlying problem and proceed to its densification. It consists of a hybrid algorithm inspired on a GRASP metaheuristic and a later recombination. First, it generates initial seeds, identifying best candidates and guiding the search to create solutions to the system, thus attempting to verify every inequality. Afterwards, the recombination of different promising candidates helps in the densification of the feasible region with new solutions. This methodology is an adaptation of other previously used in literature, and that we apply to the MPP. For this, we generated a database of a 227 recipes and 272 ingredients. Applying this methodology to the database, we are able to obtain a pool of feasible (healthy and nutritious) complete menus for a given D number of days.
Towards a better understanding of historic mortar production—burning experiments on calcareous nannofossils
Authors: Falkenberg Janina , Mutterlose Joerg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCalcareous nannofossils are < 30 µm sized calcitic fossil remains of single-celled marine photoautotrophic algae. Carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks, containing these fossils, are used as raw material for lime-based mortars. The carbonates (CaCO3) are heated up to approx. 900 °C. The burning process, which causes the thermal decomposition of CaCO3into CaO (= quicklime) and CO2, destroys the calcitic fossils. Surprisingly, remains of these calcareous algae were recently encountered in historic mortars and mortar-based materials. To gain a better understanding of the behaviour of calcareous nannofossils during the calcination procedure, four sample sets were heated to nine temperature levels (100 °C, 300 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C). For each sample set, the initial and the heated material of all nine temperature levels were analysed with respect to its nannofossil content and preservation by using settling slides. Our results show a decrease of absolute abundance and preservation from 500 °C onwards; rare nannofossils are preserved up to 900 °C. Changes in the relative abundance of individual species document that certain taxa are more heat resistant than others. This pattern is explained by different crystal sizes and forms of the relevant taxa. Differences in the calcareous nannofossil assemblages, observed in the raw material and in the mortar produced from it, can be used to estimate the temperature reached during quicklime production.
Dietary Date Palm Leaves Ensiled with Fibrolytic Enzymes Decreased Methane Production, and Improved Feed Degradability and Fermentation Kinetics in A Ruminal In Vitro System
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E. , Gouda Gouda A. , Morsy Tarek A. , Matloup Osama H. , Fahmy Mahmoud , Gomaa Ali S. , Patra Amlan K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The present experiment aimed to evaluate date palm leaves (DPL) treated without or with fibrolytic enzymes as a feed for ruminants.

Methods
The experiment employed an in vitro wireless gas production system to evaluate the dietary inclusion of DPL as sun-dried, DPL ensiled without or with fibrolytic enzymes for 45 days. The different forms of DPL replaced berseem hay (300 g/kg diet) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in the diet.

Results
Dried DPL linearly decreased the asymptotic total gas production (GP), rate of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and acid detergent fiber degradability, and increased the lag of total GP (P < 0.05). The ensiled DPL also linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the asymptotic total GP, asymptotic CH4, asymptotic CO2 production and the rate of CH4 and CO2 productions, but dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were unaffected. Date palm leaves treated with fibrolytic enzymes linearly decreased the asymptotic total GP, CH4 and CO2 productions, and the rate of CH4 and CO2 production. Ensiling of DPL with fibrolytic enzymes increased (P < 0.05) dry matter and fiber degradability and the concentrations of ruminal ammonia-N and total VFA.

Conclusion
It is concluded that DPL treated with fibrolytic enzymes can replace berseem hay up to 100% in the diet to reduce CH4 production from ruminants. Ensiling with fibrolytic enzymes is recommended as a sustainable strategy to reduce environmental pollution and utilization of DPL.

Graphical Abstract
Conceptualizing controversies in the EU circular bioeconomy transition
Authors: Starke Jan R. , Metze Tamara A. P. , Candel Jeroen J. L. , Termeer Catrien J. A. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transition towards a circular bioeconomy (CBE) in the European Union is not without contestation. In particular, research has highlighted potential trade-offs of the large-scale production of bio-resources, for instance with environmental quality goals. To date, however, it remains underexplored in the CBE literature how controversies develop throughout a transition process. To address this gap, this paper explores where controversies are situated in a transition, how they change throughout, and how they influence the transition process. First, we suggest that controversies can be situated on and between different system layers within a transition. Second, we offer an explanation of how controversies evolve, as actors confirm, integrate, disintegrate and polarize underlying storylines. Third, these controversies can have both productive and unproductive outcomes while they unfold throughout a transition. We illustrate this understanding with the example of biorefineries as CBE key technology and discuss a research agenda on controversies in sustainability transitions.
How Participatory is Participatory Flood Risk Mapping? Voices from the Flood Prone Dharavi Slum in Mumbai
Authors: Samaddar Subhajyoti , Si Ha , Jiang Xinyu , Choi Junho , Tatano Hirokazu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParticipatory flood risk mapping (PFRM) is a well-recognized and widely implemented tool for meaningful community involvement in disaster risk reduction (DRR). The effectiveness of PFRM remains anecdotal. The PFRM exercise has rarely been applied identically in two different places by two different organizations, which produces varied and uncertain outcomes. In the absence of any agreed and comprehensive framework for participatory DRR, existing studies struggle to provide a scientific account of how the structure, design, and process of PFRM ensure the effective participation of local communities. This study, examines what factors and methods make PFRM an effective participatory DRR tool. In this study, we first identified the process-based criteria of participation. Then we briefly introduced a participatory flood risk mapping exercise conducted in a flood-prone informal settlement in Dharavi, Mumbai. The exercise was carefully designed to meet the process criteria of effective participation. Finally, using qualitative research methods, we evaluated the effectiveness of our PFRM from the local community perspective. The findings show that ensuring community livelihood security and true involvement of marginalized groups, preparing an action plan, and incorporating fun and cultural connotations into the facilitation process are critical components that enhance community participation through PFRM in DRR.
Bismut-Stroock Hessian formulas and local Hessian estimates for heat semigroups and harmonic functions on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Chen Qing-Qian , Cheng Li-Juan , Thalmaier Anton 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we develop a martingale approach to localized Bismut-type Hessian formulas for heat semigroups on Riemannian manifolds. Our approach extends the Hessian formulas established by Stroock (An estimate on the Hessian of the heat kernel: 355–371, 1996) and removes in particular the compact manifold restriction. To demonstrate the potential of these formulas, we give as application explicit quantitative local estimates for the Hessian of the heat semigroup, as well as for harmonic functions on regular domains in Riemannian manifolds.
Causal Inference Challenges and New Directions for Epidemiologic Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies
Authors: Matthay Ellicott C. , Glymour M. Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purposeof Review
Epidemiologic research on the health effects of social policies is growing rapidly because of the potentially large impact of these policies on population health and health equity. We describe key methodological challenges faced in this nascent field and promising tools to enhance the validity of future studies.

Recent Findings
In epidemiologic studies of social policies, causal identification is most commonly pursued through confounder-control but use of instrument-based approaches is increasing. Researchers face challenges measuring relevant policy exposures; addressing confounding and positivity violations arising from co-occurring policies and time-varying confounders; deriving precise effect estimates; and quantifying and accounting for interference. Promising tools to address these challenges can enhance both internal validity (randomization, front door criterion for causal identification, new estimators that address interference and practical positivity violations) and external validity (data-driven methods for evaluating heterogeneous treatment effects; methods for transporting and generalizing effect estimates to new populations).

Summary
Common threats to validity in epidemiologic research play out in distinctive ways in research on the health effects of social policies. This is an active area of methodologic development, with ongoing advances to support causal inferences and produce policy-relevant findings. Researchers must navigate the tension between research questions of greatest interest and research questions that can be answered most accurately and precisely with the data at hand. Additional work is needed to facilitate integration of modern epidemiologic methods with econometric tools for policy evaluation and to increase the size and measurement quality of datasets.
Questionnaire and tools: clinical powerful instrument in acromegaly diagnosis and management
Authors: Camerini S. , Wennberg A. , Adriani M. , Martin B. , Vettor R. , Maffei P. , Dassie F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acromegaly is a rare chronic disease characterized by systemic comorbidity and reduced quality of life. Although achieving biochemical control has always been the primary goal of acromegaly therapy, recent evidence has shown that the traditional assessment does not adequately capture the complexity of symptoms and patients’ perception. These findings result in the need to improve a fast decision-making process of the clinician, who should not only take into account biochemical–instrumental criteria, but also patients’ symptoms. With the aim of supporting the clinician in the diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process several disease-specific tools have been developed. The aim of this review is to provide a description of the acromegaly-specific tools, presenting their main features, their application in daily practice, and their efficacy and utility.

Methods
A systematic search of Medline/PubMed, ISI-Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar databases was done.

Results
Specific instruments and questionnaires have recently been developed to assist clinicians in the assessment of acromegaly. These are either Patient-Reported Outcome tools, such as Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQoL) and Pain Assessment Acromegaly Symptom Questionnaire (PASQ), or Clinician-Reported Outcome tools, such as ACROSCORE, SAGIT® and Acromegaly Disease Activity Tool (ACRODAT®). Such tools are extremely flexible and, therefore, have been widely adopted by endocrinologists and other professionals, so much so that they have also been included as recommendations in the 2018 international guidelines.

Conclusion
Questionnaires and tools are useful in the management of acromegaly patients. They help clinicians evaluate patients’ symptoms and could assist in the evaluation of disease activity.
Extending Validation of a Social Emotional Health Measure For Middle School Students
Authors: Furlong Michael J. , Paz Jennica L. , Carter Delwin , Dowdy Erin , Nylund-Gibson Karen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary-2020 (SEHS-S-2020) is a well-studied option for assessing social emotional health to support students within a multitiered system of school support. While a growing body of literature supports the SEHS-S-2020 measure for assessing student covitality, there is less validation evidence specifically for middle-school-aged students. The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by examining its use for younger adolescents. Study participants were from two samples, including a cross-sectional sample with 9,426 students in Grades 7–8 from 32 counties in California and a longitudinal sample with 414 students in Grades 6–8 from two middle schools. Data analyses examined structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, criterion validity, predictive validity, and response stability. Results indicate excellent fit indices for a four-level higher-order measurement model, with adequate concurrent and one-year predictive validity coefficients, supporting the use of the SEHS-S-2020 measure with young adolescents in middle school settings. The discussion focuses on implications for assessing students’ psychosocial assets, universal school-based screening, and cultural and intersectionality considerations when interpreting SEHS-S-2020 responses.
Framing Effects in the Elicitation of Risk Aversion: An Experimental Study
Authors: Congiu Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn most risk elicitation tasks, lotteries are presented through a verbal description stating the outcomes and their likelihoods (e.g., “Win $5 with probability 10%”, “1 in 10 chance to win $5”), sometimes accompanied by a pictorial representation (a pie chart or bar graph). Literature on risk communication suggests that alternative but supposedly equivalent numeric formats (e.g., percentages vs ratios) and pictorial displays (e.g., continuous vs discrete) may lead to a different perception of risk and concern for it. The present experiment (N = 95) tests for numeric and pictorial framing effects in a multiple price list (MPL), where risk information is presented either as percentages (“10%”) or as ratios (“1 out of 10”) and is accompanied by either two-slice or ten-slice pies. Results show that neither the numeric framing (adopting ratios) nor the pictorial framing (slicing pies) significantly altered per se the average elicited risk aversion. Nonetheless, the pictorial framing significantly reduced the elicited risk aversion for those participants who focused on the probability of the lottery’s high outcome in their decisions.
Dynamic 3D print head for spatial strand extrusion of fiber-reinforced concrete: requirements, development and application
Authors: Adams Thomas , Heuer Christoph , Brell-Cokcan Sigrid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is gaining more significance in architecture and construction due to a shortage of skilled workers, resource scarcity and increasing design requirements. Over the past years, approaches for layer-wise and spatial extrusion of concrete were developed for automated, formwork free and complex concrete processing. The spatial concrete extrusion is possible due to an inert support suspension that stabilizes the strands during hydration. The process is capable for unlimited overhangs, increasing printing speed and ultra-lightweight concrete structures. Even though, for filigree and spatial framework structure, its application is highly impaired by the anisotropic strength and brittle concrete behavior requiring reinforcements. In following research, the use of fiber-reinforced concrete is investigated for spatial concrete extrusion. Compared to unreinforced concrete, fibers improve the tensile strength and ductility and can be obtained from recyclable sources. Since its structural effect is dependent on their orientation in the matrix, its processing requires a controlled extrusion and high flexibility of nozzle rotation. Therefore, a print head was developed that increases the rotation freedom of a nozzle without harming its robot reachability to improve additive manufacturing of fiber-reinforced concrete strands. This paper concludes investigations of fiber orientation in extruded strands depending on nozzle alignment, a concept and prototype of a dynamic 3D print head, which is capable of 3D rotations, and applications for filigree 3D structures, which demonstrate new possibilities for fiber-reinforced materials.
Probabilistic analysis of replicator–mutator equations
Authors: Bo Lijun , Liao Huafu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses a general class of replicator–mutator equations on a multidimensional fitness space. We establish a novel probabilistic representation of weak solutions of the equation by using the theory of Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov (FPK) equations and a martingale extraction approach. We provide examples with closed-form probabilistic solutions for different fitness functions considered in the existing literature. We also construct a particle system and prove a general convergence result to the unique solution of the FPK equation associated with the extended replicator–mutator equation with respect to a Wasserstein-like metric adapted to our probabilistic framework.
THE COLLAPSE OF THE HILBERT PROGRAM: A VARIATION ON THE GÖDELIAN THEME
Authors: KRIPKE SAUL A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Hilbert program was actually a specific approach for proving consistency, a kind of constructive model theory. Quantifiers were supposed to be replaced by ε-terms. εxA(x) was supposed to denote a witness to$\exists xA(x)$, or something arbitrary if there is none. The Hilbertians claimed that in any proof in a number-theoretic systemS, each ε-term can be replaced by a numeral, making each line provable and true. This implies thatSmust not only be consistent, but also 1-consistent (${\Sigma}_1^0$-correct). Here we show that if the result is supposed to be provable withinS, a statement about all${\Pi}_2^0$statements that subsumes itself within its own scope must be provable, yielding a contradiction. The result resembles Gödel’s but arises naturally out of the Hilbert program itself.
Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Preventive Sequestration Strategy: Deployment of the Aircraft Carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76)
Authors: Mullinax Ross , Krug Allison , Harvey Kyle , Wilde Christopher , Nzegwu Uchenna , Wilcox Clifton , Rice Merrill , Lipsitz Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a pre-deployment sequestration (PDS) protocol to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases on board the USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76).Methods:The USS Ronald Reagan includes a crew of approximately 3000 Sailors and an embarked Air Wing of 2000 personnel. The PDS was conducted in 3 waves of 14-day strict quarantines during the months of April and May 2020. Sailors were cleared to board the ship with 2 negative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) tests at days 14 and 16. The ship was sanitized before Wave 1 boarding.Results:From March 1, 2020, through May 31, 2020, a total of 51 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were detected. During the 3 waves of PDS, 28 Sailors were found to be positive on exit testing (14, 11, and 3, respectively); no cases were found among the Air Wing. During the first 90 days at sea, no SARS-CoV-2 cases were detected among any of the embarked personnel.Conclusions:Although resource-intensive, the PDS protocol implemented for USS Ronald Reagan resulted in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-free ship during a global pandemic with unprecedented scope. Elements of this pandemic PDS protocol may be useful in other highly risk-averse environments with no tolerance for COVID-19 infections.
Mosque as a Vaccination Site for Ethnic Minority in Kanagawa, Japan: Leaving No One Behind Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kotani Hitomu , Okai Hirofumi , Tamura Mari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEthnic minorities with different languages and religions are potentially vulnerable not only during natural hazard-related disasters, but also during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Their vaccination coverage may be lower, and vaccination strategies should prevent them from being left behind. This report presents the first case in Japan where a mosque, being the hub of foreign Muslims, was used as a vaccination site from the end of July 2021. The targeted mosque was Ebina Mosque in Kanagawa Prefecture, and most of the vaccine recipients were foreign Muslims. The mosque differed from other vaccination sites in that reservations could be made easily through the managers, and linguistic diversity (i.e., the mosque managers and mosque-related volunteers served as interpreters) and gender were considered. These efforts are likely to have removed some barriers to vaccination for ethnic minorities and contributed to “no one will be left behind.”
Shadow Rulemaking: Governing Regulatory Innovation in the EU Financial Markets
Authors: Marjosola Heikki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe number and diversity of the European Supervisory Authorities’ (ESAs) soft law acts continue to grow. The recent reform of the ESAs’ founding regulations added two new instruments to their toolbox, “questions & answers” (Q&A) and “no action letters,” both invented and already used by the ESAs in their supervisory practices. The reformed regulations continue to encourage the ESAs to pursue their tasks by developing new instruments and convergence tools. The article assesses the ESAs’ rulemaking and regulatory innovation from a broad governance perspective, asking what type of procedural controls and review mechanisms would best facilitate beneficial forms of regulatory innovation while also controlling its excesses. It is argued that the main shortcoming of the present regime is not the lack of adequate procedural controls so much as the incomplete system of legal remedies. Flexibility should be preserved, but more credible judicial controls are needed to check the ability of soft law to bypass legislative processes.