bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive toxicity screening of Pazarsuyu stream water containing heavy metals and protective role of lycopene
Authors: Doğan Mahmut , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçin Emine , Acar Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, heavy metal pollution in the Pazarsuyu stream of Giresun province and the protective role of lycopene against the toxicity caused by this pollution were investigated using theAlliumtest. Germination percentage, root length and weight gain as physiological markers of toxicity; mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) as genetic markers of toxicity; malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as biochemical markers of toxicity, and meristematic cell damages were used as anatomical markers. For this aimAllium cepaL. bulbs were divided into six groups and germinated for 72 h with 215 mg/L and 430 mg/L doses of lycopene, tap water and stream water. Heavy metals pollution was analyzed with ICP-MS and Fe > Sr > Ba > Be > Mo > Li were determined according to the rate of presence in the water samples of Pazarsuyu. As a result, germination-related parameters and meristematic cell proliferation of bulbs germinated with Pazarsuyu water samples decreased significantly. Germination percentage, root length and weight gain of the group treated with Pazarsuyu water samples were decreased 50%, 73% and 68%, respectively compared to control. In addition, MN and CAs frequencies, indicating the genotoxic effects, were increased and significant abnormalities were detected in MDA, SOD and CAT levels, which indicate the deterioration of antioxidant/oxidant balance. CA observed with high frequency was also confirmed by DNA fragmentation determined by the Comet test. Stream water application promoted anatomical damages such as epidermis and cortex cell damage, accumulation of some substances in cortex cells, flattened cell nucleus and non-apparent appearance of conduction tissue in root tip meristem cells. All these abnormalities observed inA. ceparoot tip cells were associated with the presence of heavy metals in the water samples. Simultaneous application of lycopene with stream water reduced the effects of heavy metals and resulted in a dose-dependent improvement in all parameters studied. Lycopene application showed a protective role by providing an increase in germination parameters and MI, decrease in MN and CAs frequencies, and improvements in MDA, SOD and CAT activities. As a result, heavy metals detected in the water samples of Pazarsuyu stream caused multiple toxicities in the bio-indicator plant, and lycopene reduced this toxicity and recorded a protective role.
Convolutional neural network-based respiration analysis of electrical activities of the diaphragm
Authors: Lee Hyun-Gyu , Lee Gahee , Lee Juyoung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) is considered a new respiratory vital sign for monitoring breathing patterns and efforts during ventilator care. However, the Edi signal contains irregular noise from complex causes, which makes reliable breathing analysis difficult. Deep learning was implemented to accurately detect the Edi signal peaks and analyze actual neural breathing in premature infants. Edi signals were collected from 17 premature infants born before gestational age less than 32 weeks, who received ventilatory support with a non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. First, a local maximal detection method that over-detects candidate Edi peaks was used. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network-based deep learning was implemented to classify candidates into final Edi peaks. Our approach showed superior performance in all aspects of respiratory Edi peak detection and neural breathing analysis compared with the currently used recording technique in the ventilator. The method obtained a f1-score of 0.956 for the Edi peak detection performance and$${R}^{2}$$R2value of 0.823 for respiratory rates based on the number of Edi peaks. The proposed technique can achieve a more reliable analysis of Edi signals, including evaluation of the respiration rate in premature infants.
Fracture resistance of bonded ceramic overlay restorations prepared in various designs
Authors: Channarong Wilasinee , Lohawiboonkij Nuttakarn , Jaleyasuthumkul Pitsinee , Ketpan Kittipong , Duangrattanaprathip Nut , Wayakanon Kornchanok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates fracture resistance of adhesive ceramic overlays of various designs. Forty-eight upper premolar teeth were divided into eight groups. The variations were: shoulder margins on the buccal and lingual surfaces with axial wall heights of 1, 2, or 3 mm; one shoulder margin with axial wall height of 1, 2, or 3 mm on the lingual surface and one contrabevel margin on the buccal surface; contrabevel margins on the buccal and lingual surfaces; and a control of sound teeth. Overlays were designed and fabricated with CAD/CAM using zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic and bonded with resin cement. Samples underwent thermocycling and dynamic fatigue equivalent to 6 months of use. Compressive loading was applied until fracture, and fracture mode was analyzed. Results showed no statistical difference in fracture resistance between designs, and the fracture pattern of most was involvement of pulp tissue and below the CEJ. Fracture resistance of the restored teeth was also not statistically different from the control. All control fractures were within the dentin and above the CEJ. Overlay restorations were therefore effective in strengthening damaged teeth and imparting fracture resistance equal to sound teeth, and axial wall heights and margin types did not influence this result.
Metalloenzyme signatures in authigenic carbonates from the Chukchi Borderlands in the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Lee Dong-Hun , Kim Jung-Hyun , Lee Yung Mi , Bayon Germain , Kim Dahae , Joe Young Jin , Wang Xudong , Shin Kyung-Hoon , Jin Young Keun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMigration of methane-rich fluids at submarine cold seeps drives intense microbial activity and precipitation of authigenic carbonates. In this study, we analyzed microbially derived authigenic carbonate samples recently recovered from active gas hydrate mounds on the southwestern slope of the Chukchi Borderlands (CB), western Arctic Ocean. Our main aim was to characterize the distribution patterns of trace elements in carbonate-hosted lipid fractions to assess metalloenzyme requirements of microbes involved in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). We measured stable isotopes, trace elements, lipid biomarkers, and genomic DNA, and results indicate the dominance of AOM-related lipid biomarkers in studied carbonate samples, as well as a predominant occurrence of the anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME)-1. We also report evidence for significant preferential enrichments of various trace elements (Li, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mo) in the total lipid fractions of CB carbonates, relative to elemental compositions determined for corresponding carbonate fractions, which differ from those previously reported for other seep sites. We hypothesize that trace element enrichments in carbonate-hosted lipid fractions could vary depending on the type of AOM microbial assemblage. Additional work is required to further investigate the mechanisms of lipid-bound trace elements in cold seep carbonates as potential metalloenzymes in AOM.
Vitamin D status of the Russian adult population from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Smirnova Daria V. , Rehm Colin D. , Fritz Ronald D. , Kutepova Inga S. , Soshina Maria S. , Berezhnaya Yulia A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is widespread globally, however available data for the Russian adult population is fragmented. This cross-sectional study used secondary data for individuals undergoing testing for vitamin D concentrations from 2013 to 2018 by InVitro laboratory. 25(OH)D serum concentration was determined using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The mean, median, and proportion with severe, deficient, insufficient and sufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were estimated. Splines examined the effect of latitude on 25(OH)D concentrations. Data were available for 30,040 subjects age ≥ 18 years. 24.2% of the sampled population had sufficient (30–< 150 25(OH)D ng/mL), 34% deficient (10–19.9 ng/mL) and 5.6% severely deficient (< 10 ng/mL) status. Average 25(OH)D concentrations were highest among 30–44 years and lowest amongst older adults; females had modestly higher values. Concentrations were 15% higher in fall/summer vs. winter/spring. A non-linear relationship was observed by latitude; the highest 25(OH)D concentrations were observed near 54°N, decreasing at more southern latitudes for women and more northern latitudes for both sexes. These results are comparable to other Northern European publications and limited Russian samples demonstrating low concentrations. Acknowledging that nationally-representative and randomly sampled data are needed, the present data suggest the burden may be high and identifies some population sub-groups and geographic areas with a higher potential deficiency of vitamin D.
Congenital adiponectin deficiency mitigates high-fat-diet-induced obesity in gonadally intact male and female, but not in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Unger Christian A. , Aladhami Ahmed K. , Hope Marion C. , Pourhoseini Sahar , Nagarkatti Mitzi , McGuinness Owen P. , Murphy E. Angela , Velázquez Kandy T. , Enos Reilly T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpidemiological literature indicates that women are less susceptible to type II diabetes (T2D) than males. The general consensus is that estrogen is protective, whereas its deficiency in post-menopause is associated with adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity. However, epidemiological data suggests that males are more prone to developing T2D, and at a lower BMI, compared to females during post-menopausal years; suggesting that another factor, other than estrogen, protects females. We proposed to determine if adiponectin (APN) serves as this protective factor. An initial experiment was performed in which gonadally intact male and female mice were fed either a purified low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) (40% kcals from fat) for 16 weeks. An additional group of HFD ovariectomy (OVX) mice were included to assess estrogen deficiency’s impact on obesity. Body composition, adipose tissue inflammation, ectopic lipid accumulation as well as glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were assessed. In corroboration with previous data, estrogen deficiency (OVX) exacerbated HFD-induced obesity in female mice. However, despite a higher body fat percentage and a similar degree of hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, female OVX HFD-fed mice exhibited enhanced insulin sensitivity relative to HFD-fed males. Therefore, a subsequent HFD experiment was performed utilizing male and female (both gonadally intact and OVX) APN deficient mice (APN−/−) and wildtype littermates to determine if APN is the factor which protects OVX females from the similar degree of metabolic dysfunction as males in the setting of obesity. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine observed phenotype differences. APN deficiency limited adiposity and mitigated HFD-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in gonadally intact male and female, but not in OVX mice. Using indirect calorimetry, we uncovered that slight, but non-statistically significant differences in food intake and energy expenditure leading to a net difference in energy balance likely explain the reduced body weight exhibited by male APN-deficient mice. In conclusion, congenital APN deficiency is protective against obesity development in gonadally intact mice, however, in the setting of estrogen deficiency (OVX) this is not true. These findings suggest that gonadal status dictates the protective effects of congenital APN deficiency in the setting of HFD-induced obesity.
Functional expression of the nitrogenase Fe protein in transgenic rice
Authors: Baysal Can , Burén Stefan , He Wenshu , Jiang Xi , Capell Teresa , Rubio Luis M. , Christou Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEngineering cereals to express functional nitrogenase is a long-term goal of plant biotechnology and would permit partial or total replacement of synthetic N fertilizers by metabolization of atmospheric N2. Developing this technology is hindered by the genetic and biochemical complexity of nitrogenase biosynthesis. Nitrogenase and many of the accessory proteins involved in its assembly and function are O2 sensitive and only sparingly soluble in non-native hosts. We generated transgenic rice plants expressing the nitrogenase structural component, Fe protein (NifH), which carries a [4Fe-4S] cluster in its active form. NifH from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus was targeted to mitochondria together with the putative peptidyl prolyl cis‐trans isomerase NifM from Azotobacter vinelandii to assist in NifH polypeptide folding. The isolated NifH was partially active in electron transfer to the MoFe protein nitrogenase component (NifDK) and in the biosynthesis of the nitrogenase iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co), two fundamental roles for NifH in N2 fixation. NifH functionality was, however, limited by poor [4Fe-4S] cluster occupancy, highlighting the importance of in vivo [Fe-S] cluster insertion and stability to achieve biological N2 fixation in planta. Nevertheless, the expression and activity of a nitrogenase component in rice plants represents the first major step to engineer functional nitrogenase in cereal crops.
Cephalosporin translocation across enterobacterial OmpF and OmpC channels, a filter across the outer membrane
Authors: Masi Muriel , Vergalli Julia , Ghai Ishan , Barba-Bon Andrea , Schembri Thérèse , Nau Werner M. , Lafitte Daniel , Winterhalter Mathias , Pagès Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGram-negative porins are the main entry for small hydrophilic molecules. We studied translocation of structurally related cephalosporins, ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxime (CTX) and cefepime (FEP). CAZ is highly active on E. coli producing OmpF (Outer membrane protein F) but less efficient on cells expressing OmpC (Outer membrane protein C), whereas FEP and CTX kill bacteria regardless of the porin expressed. This matches with the different capacity of CAZ and FEP to accumulate into bacterial cells as quantified by LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry). Furthermore, porin reconstitution into planar lipid bilayer and zero current assays suggest permeation of ≈1,000 molecules of CAZ per sec and per channel through OmpF versus ≈500 through OmpC. Here, the instant killing is directly correlated to internal drug concentration. We propose that the net negative charge of CAZ represents a key advantage for permeation through OmpF porins that are less cation-selective than OmpC. These data could explain the decreased susceptibility to some cephalosporins of enterobacteria that exclusively express OmpC porins.
New mechanisms for bacterial degradation of sulfoquinovose
Authors: Wei Yifeng , Tong Yang , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose) is a sulfo-sugar with a ubiquitous distribution in the environment due to its production by plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Bacteria play an important role in degradation of SQ and recycling of its constituent sulfur and carbon. Since its discovery in 1963, SQ was noted to have a structural resemblance to glucose-6-phosphate and proposed to be degraded through a pathway analogous to glycolysis, termed sulfoglycolysis. Studies in recent years have uncovered an unexpectedly diverse array of sulfoglycolytic pathways in different bacteria, including one analogous to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway (sulfo-EMP), one analogous to the Entner–Doudoroff pathway (sulfo-ED), and two involving sulfo-sugar cleavage by a transaldolase (sulfo-TAL) and transketolase (sulfo-TK), respectively, analogous to reactions in the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. In addition, a non-sulfoglycolytic SQ degradation pathway was also reported, involving oxygenolytic C-S cleavage catalyzed by a homolog of alkanesulfonate monooxygenase (sulfo-ASMO). Here, we review the discovery of these new mechanisms of SQ degradation and lessons learnt in the study of new catabolic enzymes and pathways in bacteria.
Parent Satisfaction With Pediatric Speech-Language Pathology Telepractice Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Early Look
Authors: Passalacqua Nicole Gabrielle , Perlmutter Amanda 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate parent/guardian satisfaction with speech-language pathology telepractice services provided at a New York–based pediatric health care facility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, satisfaction with appointment maintenance, progress, acquisition of goals, and parent education was measured.

Method:
Researchers identified patients from 0 to 21 years of age who received at least one speech-language pathology telepractice service from May 1 to May 29, 2020, for study inclusion. One hundred seven patients met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative survey with four Likert scale questions was e-mailed to a parent/guardian of these patients. Questions assessed interest in maintaining telepractice services following the COVID-19 pandemic in addition to rating satisfaction with appointment maintenance, parent/caregiver education, and patient progress. Thirty participants completed the survey, reflecting 28% completion rate.

Results:
Parents/guardians indicated overall satisfaction with pediatric speech-language pathology telepractice services. Qualitative analyses revealed subthemes for advantages and disadvantages of the telepractice platform. Advantages included convenient scheduling and session maintenance, improved safety in the setting of COVID-19, opportunities for visual models that were not possible while masked, and increased opportunities for parent education and training in the child's natural environment. High-level clinician engagement, continuity of care, creativity, and a well-established clinical rapport improved the efficacy of telepractice sessions. Reported disadvantages included distractibility, patient age contingencies, technological difficulties, restricted treatment modalities, and virtual session structure. Results implied a preference for in-person speech-language pathology sessions versus telepractice at this facility.

Conclusions:
The results of this survey study indicated parent satisfaction with speech-language pathology services via telepractice. Patients' return to in-person speech-language pathology sessions when available in subsequent months does imply a preference for in-person care. However, the notable advantages and disadvantages of telepractice expressed by parents/guardians at the researchers' facility during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic offer valuable insights for current and future speech-language pathology telepractice providers.
Integrating Mild Cognitive Impairment Screening Tools in Audiologic Care: A Review
Authors: Washnik Nilesh , Anjum Javad 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The main purpose of this clinical focus article is to highlight the potential role of audiologists in screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The secondary purpose is to review public health implications of integrating MCI screening procedures in audiologic care for older adults experiencing the dual burden of age-related hearing loss (HL) and cognitive decline. The tertiary purpose is to provide current evidence-based literature regarding cognitive screening tools available for detection of MCI in audiologic practice.

Method:

This clinical focus article is broadly organized into three sections: (a) public health burden of MCI and the role of audiologists in screening for MCI among older adults seeking audiologic care, (b) potential cognitive screening tools amenable for integration into audiologic practice, and (c) recommendations grounded in a public health audiology framework of
assessment, policy,
and
assurance
aimed at improving the audiologic outcomes for older adults experiencing the dual effects of age-related HL and MCI and reducing the overall public health burden of MCI.

Conclusions:
MCI presents an important public health concern for audiologists, as cognitive decline and age-related HL often co-occur. Given the projected increase in the number of older adults in the next 40 years, audiologists will cater to an increasing number of older adults seeking hearing care, who might also have concomitant MCI. Considering cognitive screening procedures in audiologic practice is a key step toward addressing this challenge. It will also be important to integrate cognitive screening procedures and interprofessional management of MCI into the training of future audiologists.
Connected eco‐driving for electric buses along signalized arterials with bus stops
Authors: Shan Xiaonian , Wan Changxin , Hao Peng , Wu Guoyuan , Zhang Xiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of the cooperative vehicle infrastructure system, eco‐approach and departure has been attracting increasing attention for mitigating the impact of signalized intersections, which helps improve the energy efficiency of equipped vehicles. However, existing studies have rarely considered the balance of electric bus energy consumption and traveling time. Meanwhile, the joint effect of bus stops and signalized intersections, and their interactions were not discussed widely with connected and automated electric buses (CAEBs). In this study, an integrated CAEB trajectory planning methodology with the balance of traveling time and energy consumption is proposed. A bi‐level programming model is developed to obtain the optimal trajectories of CAEBs. Numerical experiments are conducted to analyse and compare the model with two baseline models. The results demonstrate the optimal performance of the derived scheme in terms of bus energy consumption, with approximately 30–50% energy savings. Furthermore, model sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify the impacts of the related system parameters. The findings also reveal that the entry time, conversion coefficient, and final speed have significant impacts on electric bus energy consumption along signalized arterials with bus stops.
Maximum power point tracking in partially shaded photovoltaic systems using grasshopper optimization algorithm
Authors: Mahmoodi Tabar Sadegh , Shahnazari Mostafa , Heshmati Kamila 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe P–V curve of photovoltaic (PV) arrays has several peaks under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Therefore, to extract maximum power, it is necessary to detect its global maximum power point (GMPP). The conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are trapped in local maximum power point (LMPP) under PSCs. In this paper, a MPPT method based on grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) has been presented. A PV system has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink and different operating conditions have been investigated to compare the performance of the proposed method with two well‐known grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. Furthermore, an experimental setup has been developed to verify the efficiency of the proposed MPPT method. The simulation and experimental results confirmed the speed and accuracy of convergence compared to GWO and PSO algorithms.