bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the integrated antimicrobial stewardship system of China by the assessment tool of WHO
Authors: Xiao Yonghong , Yu Wei , Xiao Tingting , Shen Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo fully understand the overall system and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) at different levels in China, an evaluation according to the integrated AMS evaluation tool developed by World Health Organization (WHO) was conducted.MethodsA comprehensive search on the AMS relevant government policies, regulations, scientific research results, public and social activities was conducted, and the implementation of AMS strategies in national, subnational and hospital level were evaluated by the standards of the WHO.ResultsThe results shew that the system construction, technical infrastructure and actions of AMS in China at the national level is relatively satisfied, but the AMS system needs to be further strengthened at the subnational and the medical institutional level, especially the integration of multidisciplinary teams and relevant departments; the implementation of professional intervention strategies, national education and publicity, professional education and training are relatively weak. AMS implementation is mainly promoted at the national level, and AMS in primary medical institutions is almost missing. It is necessary to carry out AMS at the provincial level and medical institutions as soon as possible. The focus is to establish a professional AMS team, prepare AMS guideline, implement AMS strategy, raise public awareness and ensure the long‐term and sustainable development of AMS in the country.ConclusionThe Chinese government has established a system for AMS, and implemented a multisectoral coordinative mechanism. However, at the subnational and district levels, an AMS system and practice should be set up soon to promote the rational use of antibiotics.
Strategies of drugs cost containment in hospital: A systematic literature review
Authors: Koushki Mohammad‐Saleh , Goudarzi Reza , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Nekooei Moghaddam Mahmoud , Yazdi‐Feyzabadi Vahid , Talebian Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the world's health system faces with increasing trend of costs. In this regard, Hospital is one of the environments that consumes a large share of the total expenditure of the health system. Medications are one of the most expensive components in hospitals, which require appropriate measurements to control and reduce costs. The present systematic review was conducted to identify strategies and actions for cost containment in hospital.MethodUsing the PRISMA protocol, a systematic review of the texts was performed to identify strategies and actions for reducing drug cost. In this systematic review, the selected keywords were searched in the following databases: web of sciences, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. The inclusion criteria included English‐language articles, hospital‐level studies, and those studies performed on reducing and controlling hospital costs. The exclusion criteria also included the followings: primary health care studies, non‐English language studies, health system studies, and studies solely focussed on the cost‐effectiveness of a particular drug. The quality of these articles was investigated using the checklist adapted and modified in the present study.ResultsA total of 4696 articles were identified from the reviewed databases and 26 articles were identified from some other sources. After removing duplicate studies and reviewing the title, summary, and full text of articles using reference check and supplemental search, 21 articles were finally included. A number of strategies or managerial actions were extracted from the final articles. According to the qualitative results, qualitative meta‐synthesis was used and after eliminating duplicate solutions, the data were classified into five groups: procurement, storage, distribution, prescription, and use.ConclusionAccording to the increasing cost of medicines, some hospital managers now attempt to reduce hospital costs using drug chain management. Drug cost reduction strategies can be applied for any component of drug chain management such as procurement, storage, distribution, prescription, and use. Also, proper implementation of these strategies and rationalisation of drug use will result in more efficiency of the hospital.
A procurement‐based classification of pharmaceutical supplies for diabetes disease management
Authors: Abdulsalam Yousef , Alibrahim Abdullah , Alhuwail Dari , Behbehani Hashem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetes is among the most prevalent noncommunicable chronic diseases globally and carries a substantial expense in worldwide health care. Pharmaceutical supplies related to diabetes management account for 20%–40% of the disease's management cos, and this percentage continues to increase. This study examines the pharmaceutical expenses associated with one of the most common chronic diseases: diabetes. Specifically, we measure the extent to which patient health and demographic factors drive the annual cost of pharmaceutical supplies for diabetes management. Second, the study applied a procurement‐centric classification scheme to pharmaceutical items involved in diabetes treatment.MethodsData on 98,648 pharmaceutical‐dispensing transactions (related to 2828 patients) over 1 year were collected from a specialized diabetes health center. Pharmaceutical prices from the sample were compared internationally to ensure that the findings apply to other countries. The association between the item cost and the number of unique patients prescribed pharmaceutical products was estimated at the category and subcategory levels.ResultsApproximately 80% of total pharmaceutical expenditures were attributed to 20% of patients. Two of 20 pharmaceutical categories—anti‐diabetes drugs and insulin—accounted for 34% of products dispensed and 57% of total pharmaceutical expenditures. Age, body mass index, and diabetes type were essential factors in predicting supply cost per patient.ConclusionApplying the portfolio purchasing model also suggested that some clinically similar items, like insulin types, are best procured through divergent procurement strategies or vendors for optimal cost efficiency. A better understanding of the diverse array of diabetes supplies can reveal opportunities for better strategic supply management. This supply classification approach can also be applied in other supply‐intensive specialties, such as orthopedics.
Equity‐premium prediction: Attention is all you need
Authors: Lima Luiz Renato , Godeiro Lucas Lúcio 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPredictions of stock returns are greatly improved relative to low‐dimensional forecasting regressions when the forecasts are based on the estimated factor of large data sets, also known as the diffusion index (DI) model. However, when applied to text data, DI models do not perform well. This paper shows that by simply using text data in a DI model does not improve equity‐premium forecasts over the naive historical‐average model, but substantial gains are obtained when one selects the most predictive words before computing the factors and allows the dictionary to be updated over time.
Trajectory surface hopping molecular dynamics on Chemiluminescence of cyclic peroxides
Authors: Yue Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) of peroxides is one of the most highly sensitive and most useful analytical techniques. Although the mechanisms of CL were studied experimentally and theoretically in the past decades, the chemiexcitation that a ground‐state specie being excited from its electronic ground state to yield excited‐state products by a chemical reaction is still not completely understood. Direct dynamics simulation on CL reaction which takes into account the full complexity of the relevant potential energy surface characterizes nonadiabatic processes involved in chemiexcitation and could provide access not only to the available reaction channels but also to statistical quantities such as reaction times and quantum yields. In the last decade, the trajectory surface hopping (TSH) molecular dynamics (MD) which is one of the mixed quantum‐classical approaches is hence adopted to simulate the nonadiabatic process in CL of cyclic peroxides. In this article, the basic principle of TSH‐MD and the successful applications on the CL reactions were shortly review.
Isolation, morphological identification, and xylanase characteristics of anaerobic gut fungi Neocallimastix from Anatolian wild goat
Authors: Kar Bülent , Torcan Berat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study shows the morphological identification of anaerobic fungal strains isolated from fecal samples of goats inhabiting Turkey and the effects of various metal ions and chemicals on extracellular xylanase production. Three different anaerobic gut fungi isolated from wild goats in Turkey were identified as Neocallimastix spp. xylanase, cellulase, and lichenase production were tested in culture supernatants, and the maximum‐specific activities were found as 560.42 ± 9.39, 159.70 ± 3.88, and 157.36 ± 3.83 (μmol/min/mg protein), respectively. While the optimum temperature range of exo‐xylanases was found as 40–50°C, their optimum pH range was determined as 6.0–6.5. Xylanase activity decreased in metal ions and other chemical reactants based on dose. The metal ion that significantly inhibited xylanase activity was Fe+3. It was found that the ferric ions inhibited xylanase activity in all three anaerobic gut fungi by 30%–90% depending on molarity. On the contrary, the 1 mM concentrations of the Mn+2, Ba+2, Co+2, Cu+2, Sn+2, and Mg+2 metal ions and the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and β‐mercaptoethanol reagents had a positive effect at rates in the range of 3%–92%. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that anaerobic gut fungus has very stable fibrolytic enzymes that need to be separated, as well and the existence of a unique resource for industrial applications.
Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy using the extrahepatic Glissonean approach: Technical tips for entering gaps
Authors: Cho Sung Chun , Kim Ji Hoon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere are two methods for selective inflow control from the liver hilum: individual hilar dissection and the Glissonean pedicle approach. The Glissonean pedicle approach has been increasingly used in laparoscopic anatomical liver resection. Recently, the extrahepatic Glissonean approach has been standardized due to the anatomical concept of Laennec's capsule. This article describes the technical details of entering gaps between the Laennec's capsule and Glissonean pedicle in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy using the extrahepatic Glissonean approach. The key procedures of the laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy using the extrahepatic Glissonean approach included the following: (1) Dissection of left side of the hilar plate, (2) Dissection of ventral side of caudal end of the Arantius ligament, (3) Dissection and transection of left Glissonean pedicle. Our standardized technique is to create gap between the Laennec's capsule and Glissonean pedicle through appropriate traction and countertraction at the anatomical landmarks. Our procedure helps the surgeons to reproduce the extrahepatic Glissonean approach without parenchymal transection.
Unraveling the Co‐Crystallization–Charge Transport Relation in Conjugated Polymer Blends via Meniscus‐Assisted Solution‐Shearing
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Zhu Shuyin , Peng Juan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ability to craft the co‐crystallization in conjugated polymer blends represents an important endeavor for the enhancement of charge transport. However, simple and efficient approaches to co‐crystallization have yet to be realized. Herein, for the first time, a robust meniscus‐assisted solution‐shearing (MASS) strategy is reported to achieve co‐crystallization in the poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT‐C6) and poly(2,5‐bis(3‐decylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT‐C10) blended films, and correlate this co‐crystalline structure to the charge transport properties. The as‐cast PBTTT‐C6/PBTTT‐C10 blends exhibit co‐crystalline or phase‐separated structures influenced by their molecular weights. Interestingly, confined‐shearing of the initial phase‐separated blended solution to MASS produces the formation of their co‐crystallization. The co‐crystallization kinetics accompanied by the chain packing change and optical properties are scrutinized. Finally, the resulting organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) signify the cocrystal‐facilitated charge transport in the blends. Conceptually, this efficient MASS strategy in rendering the co‐crystallization in conjugated polymer blends can be readily extended to other conjugated polymer blends of interest for a variety of device applications.
Damage mechanisms and constitutive models for natural fiber‐based green composites: A review
Authors: Kumar M. , Tevatia A. , Dixit A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNatural fibers are capable substitutes to conventional synthetic fibers, primarily because of their economic and environmental advantages, as well as they find widespread applications in textile, construction, and non‐load‐bearing applications in the case of automotive and aircraft industries. This paper presents a comprehensive review of natural fiber‐reinforced composites, focusing on their failure behavior, failure modelling techniques, and associated theories. Finite element modelling is widely applied in the damage modelling of natural fiber as well as natural fiber‐based green composites. Formation of representative volume elements in conjunction with homogenization emerges to be the common and most effective multi‐scale technique used for determining the effect of microstructures on the thermal and mechanical properties of the natural fiber‐reinforced composite. To provide a better understanding of the insight of damage aspects of natural fiber composites an up‐to‐date review catering to various aspects ranging from its manufacturing techniques, failure processes and mechanisms, finite element modelling techniques, and mechanical performance is very much required. This review aims to address the above‐stated issues, challenges, and details of achievements made with them.
Influence of laser and tungsten inert gas arc welding on magnetic properties of AISI M‐43, and M‐47 grade cold‐rolled non‐oriented electrical steel
Authors: Dharmik Bhushan Y. , Lautre N. Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe magnetic properties and core losses of cold‐rolled non‐oriented electrical steel are influenced by gas tungsten arc, and laser welding. Investigations are carried out on the toroidal core sample welded on six sides around the outer periphery for estimating the variation in magnetic properties by increasing magnetic flux density and grain size. The percentage increase of power loss density in gas tungsten arc for M‐43 grade (M‐43‐TIG) and laser‐welded core samples for M‐43 grade (M‐43‐LB) were 24.7 % and 11.86 %, whereas 18.43 % (M‐47‐TIG), and 4.9 % (M‐47‐LB), respectively. A significant decrease in permeability of about 55.39 % and 53.57 % was experienced in M‐43‐TIG and M‐43‐LB, respectively. However, in M‐47 grade, the decrease was more for M‐47‐TIG (52.58 %) than the M‐47‐LB (39.52 %) welded sample when tested at 1.5 T. All the parameters investigated are compared with sticking, non‐welded core sample.
An experimental investigation on physical‐mechanical‐tribological performance of thermoplastic composites with partial sand replacements
Authors: Soni A. , Das P.K. , Yusuf M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGrowing population, industrialization, urbanization, etc. are the consequences of increasing plastic waste, which is deteriorating the environment's health. The study explores the potential of waste plastics as a value‐added material. The composite samples of floor tiles were developed using 50 wt. %, 60 wt. %, 70 wt. % and 100 wt. % of low‐density polyethylene and sand. The developed samples were evaluated for water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, sliding wear, and friction coefficient. The water absorption decreases gradually with replacements. The ranges for compressive and flexural strength were found to be 37.24×10−6 N/m2 to 46.20×10−6 N/m2 and 4.81×10−6 N/m2 to 6.24×10−6 N/m2 respectively having maximum values of 46.20×10−6 N/m2 and 6.24×10−6 N/m2 respectively, for 50 wt. % of low‐ density polyethylene. The incorporation of sand improves the wear performance at moderate to high loads. The friction coefficient depends on load and surface asperities. The structural analysis showed that the fillers are completely encapsulated and mechanically bonded into the matrix. The morphological analysis of the surfaces correlates the fracture mechanism with the properties of the composites.
Effects of parameters on friction stir welding process of AA 7075 aluminum alloy: mechanical and microstructural assessments
Authors: Ozan S. , Şahin S. , Kasman Ş. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effect of tool rotation speed and welding speed on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AA 7075‐T651 welded plates produced using friction stir welding is the research subject of this study. A basin‐shaped stir zone characterized all friction stir welded joints’ microstructures. The fracture location following the tensile test was found to be outside the stir zone for each welded joint. All welded joints were subjected to a 90° root bending test. The tests were terminated before each welded joint could reach the 90° bend angle in the stir zone. The stir zone of each welded joint was characterized by the fine and equiaxed grains with the effect of dynamic recrystallization. In addition, intermetallic particles were also detected to occur in the weld joint. Among the nine welded joints, the welded joint with the highest ultimate tensile strength of 382 MPa was produced with a tool rotation speed of 400 min−1 and a welding speed of 80 mm min−1. The highest welding efficiency of 71 % was obtained with the welding process parameters of 400 min−1 tool rotational speed and 80 mm min−1 welding speed. Increasing tool rotation speed caused the grain size to be coarser.
Early‐Onset and Severe Complex Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Caused by De Novo Variants in SPAST
Authors: Mo Alisa , Saffari Afshin , Kellner Melanie , Döbler‐Neumann Marion , Jordan Catherine , Srivastava Siddharth , Zhang Bo , Sahin Mustafa , Fink John K. , Smith Linsley , Posey Jennifer E. , Alter Katharine E. , Toro Camilo , Blackstone Craig , Soldatos Ariane G. , Christie Michelle , Schüle Rebecca , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundFamilial hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP)‐SPAST (SPG4) typically presents with a pure HSP phenotype.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to delineate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of children with de novo HSP‐SPAST.MethodsThis study used a systematic cross‐sectional analysis of clinical and molecular features.ResultsWe report the clinical and molecular spectrum of 40 patients with heterozygous pathogenic de novo variants in SPAST (age range: 2.2–27.7 years). We identified 19 unique variants (16/40 carried the same recurrent variant, p.Arg499His). Symptom onset was in early childhood (median: 11.0 months, interquartile range: 6.0 months) with significant motor and speech delay, followed by progressive ascending spasticity, dystonia, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and epilepsy. The mean Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale score was 32.8 ± 9.7 (standard deviation).ConclusionsThese results confirm that de novo variants in SPAST lead to a severe and complex form of HSP that differs from classic familial pure HSP‐SPAST. Clinicians should be aware of this syndrome in the differential diagnosis for cerebral palsy. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Factors associated with sleep health in young women after breast cancer treatment
Authors: Hwang Youri , Conley Samantha , Jeon Sangchoon , Redeker Nancy S. , Sanft Tara , Knobf M. Tish 
Published: September 2022

AbstractYoung women with breast cancer (YWBC) report physical and psychological symptom distress after therapy but little is known about their sleep health. The purpose of this study was to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with sleep health and assess the potential role of appraisal of illness and coping on sleep health. An adapted cognitive appraisal and coping conceptual framework guided the study. We used a cross‐sectional design with 159 women who were diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer ≤50 years old. Sleep health was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The mean age was 43.6 years (SD = 6.8), the majority of whom were non‐Hispanic White (84%) and completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy (>70%). More than half of participants (55%) reported poor sleep health (PSQI > 8), and those with worse family functioning and from a racial/ethnic minority group were significantly more likely to have poor sleep health. Cognitive appraisal had a minimal mediation effect for anxiety on sleep health, and coping did not mediate the effect of any psychosocial variables on sleep health. Poor sleep health is a significant clinical problem in YWBC. Further research is needed to explore sleep health disparities among diverse cancer survivors and to examine sleep health in the context of family. Sleep assessment, management, and appropriate referrals to sleep providers should be part of routine survivorship care.
An uncertain time: Clinical nurses' first impressions during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Copel Linda Carman , Lengetti Evelyn , McKeever Amy , Pariseault Christine A. , Smeltzer Suzanne C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic overwhelmed the US healthcare system and healthcare providers. Nurses, who comprise one of the most affected groups because they are the largest group of healthcare providers, were in a unique position to speak about their perspectives. As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, nurses have experienced ongoing physical and psychological challenges while displaying strength and perseverance during uncertain times. In this study, we explored the perceptions and experiences of nurses in clinical practice caring for patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the pandemic. Researchers conducted a qualitative descriptive study with 20 clinical nurses most of whom were enrolled in a graduate program while working in healthcare settings. Semi‐structured interviews conducted through Zoom occurred between August 2020 and December 2020. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Five themes emerged: navigating uncertainty, managing death and loss, acknowledging emotional responses, learning opportunities, and facing community undercurrents. Lack of clinical practice guidelines, and inconsistent access to personal protective equipment when providing care to patients with COVID‐19 caused emotional strain for nurses and highlighted future learning opportunities. Providing support to dying patients was devastating to nurses. Concern about community misunderstandings of the pandemic created challenges. Evolving teamwork provided invaluable support to study participants. Nurses shared essential information for revising and creating clinical practice guidelines. Nursing interventions and strategies were used to produce humane and positive patient outcomes and provide a foundation for nurse‐driven care in possible future pandemics.