bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide induces acute lung injury and alveolar haemorrhage in association with the cytokine storm, coagulopathy and AT1R/JAK/STAT augmentation in a rat model that mimics moderate and severe Covid‐19 pathology
Authors: Al‐Ani Bahjat , ShamsEldeen Asmaa M. , Kamar Samaa S. , Haidara Mohamed A. , Al‐Hashem Fahaid , Alshahrani Mohammad Y. , Al‐Hakami Ahmed M. , Kader Dina H. Abdel , Maarouf Amro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProgress in the study of Covid‐19 disease in rodents has been hampered by the lack of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; virus entry route to the target cell) affinities for the virus spike proteins across species. Therefore, we sought to determine whether a modified protocol of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats can mimic both cell signalling pathways as well as severe disease phenotypes of Covid‐19 disease. Rats were injected via intratracheal (IT) instillation with either 15 mg/kg of LPS (model group) or saline (control group) before being killed after 3 days. A severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐like effect was observed in the model group as demonstrated by the development of a “cytokine storm” (>2.7 fold increase in blood levels of IL‐6, IL‐17A, GM‐CSF, and TNF‐α), high blood ferritin, demonstrable coagulopathy, including elevated D‐dimer (approximately 10‐fold increase), PAI‐1, PT, and APTT (p < 0.0001). In addition, LPS increased the expression of lung angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R)‐JAK‐STAT axis (>4 fold increase). Chest imaging revealed bilateral small patchy opacities of the lungs. Severe lung injury was noted by the presence of both, alveolar collapse and haemorrhage, desquamation of epithelial cells in the airway lumen, infiltration of inflammatory cells (CD45+ leukocytes), widespread thickening of the interalveolar septa, and ultrastructural alterations similar to Covid‐19. Thus, these findings demonstrate that IT injection of 15 mg/kg LPS into rats, induced an AT1R/JAK/STAT‐mediated cytokine storm with resultant pneumonia and coagulopathy that was commensurate with moderate and severe Covid‐19 disease noted in humans.
Salt loading with unilateral nephrectomy accelerates decline in glomerular filtration rate in the hypertensive, obese, type 2 diabetic SDT fatty rat model of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Shinozaki Yuichi , Katayama Yuko , Yamaguchi Fuminari , Suzuki Tomohisa , Watanabe Kana , Uno Kinuko , Tsutsui Takahiro , Sugimoto Miki , Shinohara Masami , Miyajima Katsuhiro , Ohta Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), it is desirable to examine their efficacy in animal models by using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as an index. For this purpose, animal models that demonstrate a short‐term GFR decline because of disease progression are required. Therefore, we aimed to develop such an animal model of DKD by using obese type 2 diabetic spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats treated with salt loading by drinking water containing sodium chloride with or without unilateral nephrectomy. As a result, we have found that 0.3% salt loading with unilateral nephrectomy or 0.8% salt loading alone caused a rapid GFR decline, hypertension and rapid development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Moreover, the addition of losartan to a mixed diet suppressed the GFR decline in SDT fatty rats treated with 0.3% salt loading with unilateral nephrectomy. These results suggest that the model of SDT fatty rats treated with 0.3% salt loading and unilateral nephrectomy could be used as a hypertensive DKD model for evaluating therapeutic agents based on suppression of GFR decline.
Transdermal sensor features correlate with ecological momentary assessment drinking reports and predict alcohol‐related consequences in young adults’ natural settings
Authors: Russell Michael A. , Turrisi Robert J. , Smyth Joshua M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWearable transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) sensors allow passive monitoring of alcohol concentration in natural settings and measurement of multiple features from drinking episodes, including peak intoxication level, speed of intoxication (absorption rate) and elimination, and duration. These passively collected features extend commonly used self‐reported drink counts and may facilitate the prediction of alcohol‐related consequences in natural settings, aiding risk stratification and prevention efforts.MethodA total of 222 young adults aged 21–29 (M age = 22.3, 64% female, 79% non‐Hispanic white, 84% undergraduates) who regularly drink heavily participated in a 5‐day study that included the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of alcohol consumption (daily morning reports and participant‐initiated episodic EMA sequences) and the wearing of TAC sensors (SCRAM‐CAM anklets). The analytic sample contained 218 participants and 1274 days (including 554 self‐reported drinking days). Five features—area under the curve (AUC), peak TAC, rise rate (rate of absorption), fall rate (rate of elimination), and duration—were extracted from TAC‐positive trajectories for each drinking day. Day‐ and person‐level associations of TAC features with drink counts (morning and episodic EMA) and alcohol‐related consequences were tested using multilevel modeling.ResultsTAC features were strongly associated with morning drink reports (r = 0.6–0.7) but only moderately associated with episodic EMA drink counts (r = 0.3–0.5) at both day and person levels. Higher peaks, larger AUCs, faster rise rates, and faster fall rates were significantly predictive of day‐level alcohol‐related consequences after adjusting for both morning and episodic EMA drink counts in separate models. Person means of TAC features added little above daily scores to the prediction of alcohol‐related consequences.ConclusionsThese results support the utility of TAC sensors in studies of alcohol misuse among young adults in natural settings and outline the specific TAC features that contribute to the day‐level prediction of alcohol‐related consequences. TAC sensors provide a passive option for obtaining valid and unique information predictive of drinking risk in natural settings.
The role of surgery in weaning patients from home parenteral support – A cohort study
Authors: McKee Ruth F. , Knight Katrina , Leitch E. Fiona , Stevens Phil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimSome patients with intestinal failure requiring home parenteral support (HPS) may be weaned. This study considered all abdominal surgery in a cohort of HPS patients over a 25‐year period. Our aim was to identify how many patients can be weaned from HPS and by what means, and to identify what makes weaning more likely.MethodA prospectively collected database of HPS patients to December 2018 was analysed for outcomes of care.ResultsAt 5 years 56% of 205 patients remained on HPS. Fifty eight patients (28%), who had 68 operations, stopped HPS after surgery. Patients stopping HPS had a longer median final small bowel length (155 cm, range 45–350 cm) and were more likely to have colon in circuit (84%) than patients who had reconstructive surgery but did not stop HPS (median small bowel length 50 cm, range 15–135 cm; 50% colon in circuit). The median period between HPS discharge and reconstructive surgery was 238 days. There were no deaths, but 18 Clavien–Dindo grade 3–4 complications occurred within 30 days. Ninety per cent of patients who stopped HPS survived for 5 years from the start of HPS in comparison with 53% of those who remained on HPS.ConclusionsNo previous study has examined surgery in an entire cohort of HPS patients. More than a quarter of HPS patients can be weaned after reconstructive surgery. The length of bowel available for recruitment at surgery is the main determinant of the ability to stop HPS. The possibility of reconstruction should be considered, since patients who stop HPS appear to have a survival advantage.
Elucidating the Common Basis for Task‐Dependent Differential Manifestations of Category Advantage: A Decision Theoretic Approach
Authors: Akbiyik Seda , Göksun Tilbe , Balcı Fuat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCross‐category hues are differentiated easier than otherwise equidistant hues that belong to the same linguistic category. This effect is typically manifested through both accuracy and response time gains in tasks with a memory component, whereas only response times are affected when there is no memory component. This raises the question of whether there is a common generative process underlying the differential behavioral manifestations of category advantage in color perception. For instance, within the framework of noisy evidence accumulation models, changes in accuracy can be readily attributed to an increase in the efficacy of perceptual evidence integration (after controlling for threshold setting), whereas changes in response time can also be attributed to shorter nondecisional delays (e.g., due to facilitated signal detection). To address the latent decision processes underlying category advantage across different behavioral demands, we introduce a decision‐theoretic perspective (i.e., diffusion decision model) to categorical color perception in three complementary experiments. In Experiment 1, we collected data from a binary color naming task (1) to determine the green–blue boundary in our sample and (2) to trace how parameter estimates of interest in the model output change as a function of color typicality. In Experiments 2 and 3, we used same‐different task paradigms (with and without a memory component, respectively) and traced the category advantage in color discrimination in two parameters of the diffusion decision model: nondecision time and drift rate. An increase in drift rate predominantly characterized the category advantage in both tasks. Our results show that improved efficiency in perceptual evidence integration is a common driving force behind different manifestations of category advantage.
The Power of Ignoring: Filtering Input for Argument Structure Acquisition
Authors: Perkins Laurel , Feldman Naomi H. , Lidz Jeffrey 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLearning in any domain depends on how the data for learning are represented. In the domain of language acquisition, children's representations of the speech they hear determine what generalizations they can draw about their target grammar. But these input representations change over development as a function of children's developing linguistic knowledge, and may be incomplete or inaccurate when children lack the knowledge to parse their input veridically. How does learning succeed in the face of potentially misleading data? We address this issue using the case study of “non‐basic” clauses in verb learning. A young infant hearing What did Amy fix? might not recognize that what stands in for the direct object of fix, and might think that fix is occurring without a direct object. We follow a previous proposal that children might filter nonbasic clauses out of the data for learning verb argument structure, but offer a new approach. Instead of assuming that children identify the data to filter in advance, we demonstrate computationally that it is possible for learners to infer a filter on their input without knowing which clauses are nonbasic. We instantiate a learner that considers the possibility that it misparses some of the sentences it hears, and learns to filter out those parsing errors in order to correctly infer transitivity for the majority of 50 frequent verbs in child‐directed speech. Our learner offers a novel solution to the problem of learning from immature input representations: Learners may be able to avoid drawing faulty inferences from misleading data by identifying a filter on their input, without knowing in advance what needs to be filtered.
Hierarchical Integration of Communicative and Spatial Perspective‐Taking Demands in Sensorimotor Control of Referential Pointing
Authors: Liu（刘） Rui（睿） , Bögels Sara , Bird Geoffrey , Medendorp W. Pieter , Toni Ivan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecognized as a simple communicative behavior, referential pointing is cognitively complex because it invites a communicator to consider an addressee's knowledge. Although we know referential pointing is affected by addressees’ physical location, it remains unclear whether and how communicators’ inferences about addressees’ mental representation of the interaction space influence sensorimotor control of referential pointing. The communicative perspective‐taking task requires a communicator to point at one out of multiple referents either to instruct an addressee which one should be selected (communicative, COM) or to predict which one the addressee will select (non‐communicative, NCOM), based on either which referents can be seen (Level‐1 perspective‐taking, PT1) or how the referents were perceived (Level‐2 perspective‐taking, PT2) by the addressee. Communicators took longer to initiate the movements in PT2 than PT1 trials, and they held their pointing fingers for longer at the referent in COM than NCOM trials. The novel findings of this study pertain to trajectory control of the pointing movements. Increasing both communicative and perspective‐taking demands led to longer pointing trajectories, with an under‐additive interaction between those two experimental factors. This finding suggests that participants generate communicative behaviors that are as informative as required rather than overly exaggerated displays, by integrating communicative and perspective‐taking information hierarchically during sensorimotor control. This observation has consequences for models of human communication. It implies that the format of communicative and perspective‐taking knowledge needs to be commensurate with the movement dynamics controlled by the sensorimotor system.
Infants’ Attributions of Insides and Animacy in Causal Interactions
Authors: Kominsky Jonathan F. , Li Yiping , Carey Susan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPast work has found that infants show more interest when an object that has at least two properties of animate beings, such as engaging in self‐generated motion and having fur, is shown to be hollow than when an object with none or one of these properties is revealed to be hollow. When an object is grabbed by a hand and moved to a new place, by 7 months of age, infants explain the motion of the object as due to the hand, and thus do not interpret this object as capable of self‐generated motion. This constant application of force is called an “entraining” event. Other work has found that 6‐month‐old infants are sensitive to the reversals of causal roles in “launching” events (billiard‐ball‐like collisions), but not entraining events. Here, we examine whether 10‐month‐old infants explain the motion of the patient in a launching event as being due to the contact with the launching agent. Experiment 1 replicates past work, showing that infants look longer when a self‐propelled object with animate features (fur or feathers) is shown to be hollow, compared to a similar object undergoing spatiotemporally identical motion entrained by a human agent. Experiment 2 finds that infants look equally at the agent and patient, both covered by fur or feathers, of a launching event when each is revealed to be hollow. Experiment 3 shows that infants look longer when a fur‐covered causal patient is shown to be hollow compared to a plain‐box causal agent, indicating that 10‐month‐old infants do not explain the motion of the causal patient of a launching event as due to the agent, even though they do so for an entraining event. This dissociation suggests the existence of multiple independent causal representations in the first year of life.
Method R: Efficacy of a cosmetic routine comprising six topical lipid‐encapsulated products
Authors: Alonso‐Bartolomé Rebeca , Rodríguez Daniel Pando , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Pedro , Ruiz‐Rodríguez Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction and objectiveEfficacy of cosmetic routines is reportedly available in several dermatological conditions, such as acne or rosacea. However, clinical evidence about objective advantages of skincare routine remains limited despite advertising often claims benefits.MethodWe aimed to assess the subject satisfaction level and the benefit from daily use of an advanced skincare routine named Method R. We used four different approaches to try and demonstrate the efficacy of the method: Transdermal delivery test, ex‐vivo efficacy test, Visioscan® VC 20, and patient survey. MetR consists of a six‐step routine that shows an increased epidermal penetration and activity due to liposomation.ResultsTransdermal delivery test and ex‐vivo efficacy test show increased efficacy for liposomated actives. The skincare routine is well tolerated, and is associated with a marked efficacy in global quality of skin, dyschromia/pigmentation, brightness, and hydration according to patient perception. The subject satisfaction level is high and the routine is safe. The continuous use of the routine for one month or more results in objective changes when measured with Visioscan® VC 20 plus.
Cleanliness is next to income: The impact of COVID‐19 on short‐term rentals
Authors: Shen Lily , Wilkoff Sean 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe short‐term rental market provides a close to real‐time signal of how events of regional and national importance can affect the demand for housing. We use Airbnb data from Austin, Texas to empirically investigate the impact of the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the short‐term rental market. Specifically, we employ a machine‐learning algorithm to create an extensive cleanliness dictionary to detect whether an Airbnb unit is clean. We use a difference‐in‐difference specification to value the change in income related to reviewer perceived cleanliness during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We find the following results: First, available listings declined by 25% once the pandemic hit and those that remained lost 22% of their income and had occupancy decrease by 20%. Second, properties that were perceived to be clean increased their income by 17.5% and their occupancy by 16.5%, mitigating the negative shock due to COVID‐19. Third, rental prices for clean Airbnb listings did not increase after COVID‐19. In addition, we study the interaction of Airbnb supply on the long‐term rental market during a market decline.
Roads to innovation: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Bottasso Anna , Conti Maurizio , Robbiano Simone , Santagata Marta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we leverage on the ancient Roman roads network as a source of exogenous variation to identify the causal effect of the modern highways network on innovative performance of Italian NUTS‐3 regions. Empirical findings suggest that a 10% increase in the highways stock in a region generates an increase in the number of patents of about 3%–4%, over a 5‐year period. Further analysis suggests that our findings can in part be explained by a reduction in travel costs that fosters collaborations among inventors living in different regions and by an increase in the degree of centrality in the regional innovation network associated to denser highways networks. Finally, we find that the innovation‐enhancing effect of highways declines over time, possibly because of the introduction of information and communication technology, or the increasing congestion on the Italian network.
Is the ECB’s conventional monetary policy state‐dependent? An event study approach
Authors: Perdichizzi Salvatore , Cotugno Matteo , Torluccio Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the impact of ECB conventional (CMP) on national banking indices of 10 Eurozone countries and a Eurozone‐wide banking index using the event study technique. We find that announcements of unexpected increases in interest rates benefit French, German, Greek and Italian banks when interest rates are low, while in other periods, the effect is muted. A plausible explanation is that bank profits are squeezed when interest rates are low because banks are reluctant to push deposit rates to zero. Our results are robust to potentially confounding events related to unconventional monetary policy announcements, volatility clustering and volatility expectations.
Effect of a structured stretching exercise program on resolution of myofascial pain and opioid usage in “legacy pain” patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bansal Nitin , Angara Prashant , Blondell Richard D , Gulati Amitabh , Mehta Neel , Chen Grant H. , Bansal Pratibha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether the implementation of a structured exercise stretching routine targeted at resolving myofascial pain is effective in improving outcomes of “legacy pain” patients.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPrivate community‐based interventional pain management practice.Subjects“Legacy pain” patients, defined as patients on opioid therapy for >1 year.MethodsSubjects were initiated on a structured home exercise stretching routine targeted at resolving myofascial pain consisting of 14 lumbar, four thoracic, and seven cervical stretches as appropriate. Daily morphine milligram equivalent, functional status (Oswestry Disability Index), and pain level (Numeric Rating Scale) were compared pre‐ and post‐treatment at one year.ResultsAfter 1 year, exercise techniques reduced daily morphine milligram equivalent intake on average from 76.3 to 21.0 mg (p < 0.001) with 84.4% of patients decreasing their total opioid dose (p < 0.001) and 34.4% of patients being completely weaned off of opioids (p < 0.001). Numeric Rating Scale of pain and Oswestry Disability Indices were unchanged with treatment, 7.0–6.7 (p = 0.122) and 30.4–29.3 (p = 0.181), respectively.ConclusionsThe addition of a structured stretching exercise program focusing on the resolution of the myofascial pain in the treatment of “legacy pain” patients was shown to significantly reduce and often discontinue opioid use without adversely affecting pain score or functionality.
Forecasting High-Frequency Spatio-Temporal Wind Power with Dimensionally Reduced Echo State Networks
Authors: Huang Huang , Castruccio Stefano , Genton Marc G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fast and accurate hourly forecasts of wind speed and power are crucial in quantifying and planning the energy budget in the electric grid. Modelling wind at a high resolution brings forth considerable challenges given its turbulent and highly nonlinear dynamics. In developing countries, where wind farms over a large domain are currently under construction or consideration, this is even more challenging given the necessity of modelling wind over space as well. In this work, we propose a machine learning approach to model the nonlinear hourly wind dynamics in Saudi Arabia with a domain-specific choice of knots to reduce spatial dimensionality. Our results show that for locations highlighted as wind abundant by a previous work, our approach results in an 11% improvement in the 2-h-ahead forecasted power against operational standards in the wind energy sector, yielding a saving of nearly one million US dollars over a year under current market prices in Saudi Arabia.