bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clusters of Activity-Related Social and Physical Home Environmental Factors and Their Association With Children’s Home-Based Physical Activity and Sitting
Authors: Sheldrick Michael P. , Maitland Clover , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Rosenberg Michael , Griffiths Lucy J. , Fry Richard , Stratton Gareth 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Understanding which physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior correlates cluster in children is important, particularly in the home, where children spend significant time. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clustering of physical and social activity-related factors at home, and whether these clusters are related to home-based sitting and PA in children. A secondary aim was to explore whether the clusters were associated with child, parent, and family characteristics. Methods: Altogether, 235 children (55% girls, mean age = 10.2 [0.7] y) and their parents took part. Physical (eg, PA and electronic media equipment, house and garden size, layout) and social (eg, activity preferences, priorities, parental rules) home environmental factors were obtained via the HomeSPACE-II audit and self-report, respectively. Principal component analysis was used to identify clusters of physical and social environmental factors. Backward regression analysis and partial correlations were used to examine relationships between clusters, children’s device-measured home-based activity behaviors, and background characteristics. Results: The findings show that physical and social environment activity-related factors at home cluster. The clusters were associated with several background characteristics, with socioeconomic factors appearing to be particularly influential. The clusters were also associated with home-based activity behaviors in the hypothesized directions. Conclusion: Interventions which target clusters of social and physical factors at home, especially among low-socioeconomic status families, are warranted.
Food-specific immunoglobulin A does not correlate with natural tolerance to peanut or egg allergens
Authors: Liu Elise G. , Zhang Biyan , Martin Victoria , Anthonypillai John , Kraft Magdalena , Grishin Alexander , Grishina Galina , Catanzaro Jason R. , Chinthrajah Sharon , Sindher Tina , Manohar Monali , Quake Antonia Zoe , Nadeau Kari , Burks A. Wesley , Kim Edwin H. , Kulis Michael D. , Henning Alice K. , Jones Stacie M. , Leung Donald Y. M. , Sicherer Scott H. , Wood Robert A. , Yuan Qian , Shreffler Wayne , Sampson Hugh , Shabanova Veronika , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. 
Published: November 2022

ImmunoglobulinA (IgA) is the predominant antibody isotype in the gut, where it regulates commensal flora and neutralizes toxins and pathogens. The function of food-specific IgA in the gut is unknown but is presumed to protect from food allergy. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that food-specific IgA binds ingested allergens and promotes tolerance by immune exclusion; however, the evidence to support this hypothesis is indirect and mixed. Although it is known that healthy adults have peanut-specific IgA in the gut, it is unclear whether children also have gut peanut-specific IgA. We found in a cohort of non–food-allergic infants (
n
= 112) that there is detectable stool peanut-specific IgA that is similar to adult quantities of gut peanut-specific IgA. To investigate whether this peanut-specific IgA is associated with peanut tolerance, we examined a separate cohort of atopic children (
n
= 441) and found that gut peanut-specific IgA does not predict protection from development of future peanut allergy in infants nor does it correlate with concurrent oral tolerance of peanut in older children. We observed higher plasma peanut-specific IgA in those with peanut allergy. Similarly, egg white–specific IgA was detectable in infant stools and did not predict egg tolerance or outgrowth of egg allergy. Bead-based epitope assay analysis of gut peanut-specific IgA revealed similar epitope specificity between children with peanut allergy and those without; however, gut peanut-specific IgA and plasma peanut-specific IgE had different epitope specificities. These findings call into question the presumed protective role of food-specific IgA in food allergy.
Functional consequences of pathogenic variant c.61G>C in the inflammasome geneNLRP3underlying keratitis fugax hereditaria
Authors: Kawan Sabita , Backlund Michael Paul , Immonen Annamari Tuulia , Kivelä Tero Tapani , Turunen Joni Antero 
Published: November 2022

AimsTo elucidate the effect ofNLRP3variant c.61G>C on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in keratitis fugax hereditaria (KFH), a cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome limited to the eye, and to probe the potential modifying role of prednisolone.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from whole blood of patients with KFH and healthy controls were grown under steady-state conditions or primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without prednisolone, and subsequently activated with ATP. Cell lysates and proteins precipitated from the cell culture media were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NLRP3, procaspase-1, and IL-1β were visualised by western blotting. The concentration of secreted IL-1β in the culture media was quantified by ELISA.ResultsFollowing priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome with LPS, a lower threshold for IL-1β secretion was observed in patient-derived PBMCs, compared with healthy controls (median, 124 vs 10 pg/mL, respectively). Interestingly, in PBMCs derived from patients with frequent KFH symptoms, LPS priming alone was able to trigger substantial IL-1β secretion (median, 522 pg/mL), whereas those of patients experiencing occasional KFH attacks showed a subtler release of IL-1β (median, 85 pg/mL). NLRP3 expression was significantly enhanced with LPS stimulation (p=0.03) whereas procaspase-1 expression was not affected. LPS and ATP treated PBMCs from patients with KFH showed significantly diminished IL-1β secretion with prednisolone treatment (p=0.04).ConclusionsPBMCs from patients with KFH are more prone to secrete IL-1β, confirming the presumption that the c.61G>C is a gain-of-function variant. Furthermore, prednisolone is confirmed as a potent drug to reduce IL-1β secretion in KFH.
Innovative models of care for the health facility of the future: a protocol for a mixed-methods study to elicit consumer and provider views
Authors: Carrigan Ann , Roberts Natalie , Clay-Williams Robyn , Hibbert Peter D , Pomare Chiara , Mahmoud Zeyad , Maka Katherine , Mitchell Rebecca , Zurynski Yvonne , Long Janet C , Rapport Frances , Arnolda Gaston , Loy Graeme , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionTo address the challenges of rapidly changing healthcare, governments and health services are increasingly emphasising healthcare delivery models that are flexible, person centred, cost-effective and integrate hospital services more closely with primary healthcare and social services. In addition, such models increasingly embed consumer codesign, integration of services, and leverage digital technologies such as telehealth and sophisticated medical records systems.ObjectivesThis paper provides a study protocol to describe a method to elicit consumer and healthcare provider needs and expectations for the development of innovative care models.Methods and analysisA literature review identified six key models of care, supported by a common theme of consumer-focused care, along with the international evidence supporting the efficacy of these models. A mixed-methods study of the needs and expectations of consumer members and health providers who reside or work in the area of a new hospital catchment will be undertaken. They will complete a community-specific and provider-specific, short demographic questionnaire (delivered during the recruitment process) and be assigned to facilitator-coordinated online workshops comprising small focus groups. Follow-up interviews will be offered. Culturally and linguistically diverse members and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Elders and their communities will also be consulted. Data will be analysed thematically (qualitative) and statistically (quantitative), and findings synthesised using a triangulated approach.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and in a report to stakeholders. This study was reviewed and approved by the relevant Ethics Committee in New South Wales, Australia.
Cross-sectional study of carbon monoxide alarm use in patients attending the emergency department: a multicentre survey protocol
Authors: Jarman Heather , Atkinson Richard W , Babu Ashik , Moss Phil 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe most common place for unintentional, non-fire-related carbon monoxide (CO) exposure to occur is in the home, but this is preventable if CO producing sources are properly maintained and CO alarms/detectors are in use. It is estimated that less than half of all homes have a CO alarm, but there is variation across countries, housing types and different demographic and socioeconomic groups. The purpose of this study is to provide up-to-date data on the use of CO alarms by surveying attendees to emergency departments using an online anonymous questionnaire.Methods and analysisA multicentre prospective, cross-sectional survey of 4000 patients or carers in three emergency departments will be used. A questionnaire comprising of a maximum of 14 items will be administered following completion of an informed consent process. Data collected include participant demographics, household information and CO alarm use. Statistical analyses will comprise descriptive techniques to present respondents’ use of CO alarms and examine associations between alarm use and participant characteristics. The proportion of homes with CO alarms installed will be calculated for all subjects and for selected subgroups.Ethics and disseminationThe study obtained ethical approval from the Westminster Research Ethics Committee (REC number 1/PR/1657). Informed consent will be obtained prior to the participant undergoing any activities that are specifically for the purposes of the study. Findings will be published in scientific journals, presented to national and international conferences and disseminated to CO safety groups.Trial registration numberISRCTN registry 12562718.
Perceived job demands: a qualitative study of workplace stress in the Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs)
Authors: Zeinolabedini Masoume , Heidarnia Alireza , Shakerinejad Ghodratollah , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesWork-related stress is a common risk factor among healthcare workers (HCWs). In Iran, the healthcare system has undergone extensive changes to develop services. Organisational change has led to the creation of new working conditions for HCWs. The purpose of this study is to identify job demands that health workers perceive as stressors.DesignAs a qualitative study, semistructured interviews, a focus group, and related data were analysed both inductively and deductively with reference to the job demand component based on the job demands–resources model and MAXQDA.SettingThis investigation was conducted in 18 primary healthcare centres in Qazvin, Iran.ParticipantTwenty-one female HCWs with at least 6 months of work experience and an average age of 34.4 years.ResultsThe participants identified six key elements as the stressful job demands including organisation’s supervisory function, role characteristics, workload, job insecurity, client service challenges and perceived job content.ConclusionsAfter organisational changes and development, HCWs were faced with role changes and increased workload. In addition, organisational supervision in terms of quantity and quality and lack of job security intensified the pressures. These factors led to the high level of stress among employees who dealt with people and those who perceived their job content as unfavourable. Perhaps teaching stress control skills and organisational support interventions can be useful to reduce and control stress among HCWs.
Phenylephrine versus cafedrine/theodrenaline (Akrinor) for the treatment of spinal anaesthesia-induced maternal hypotension during caesarean section: a retrospective single-centre cohort study
Authors: Porsche Raphael , Steinhardt Frederic , Knoerlein Julian , Schick Martin Alexander 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to assess the impact of phenylephrine and cafedrine/theodrenaline on the mother and newborn after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.DesignA single-centre retrospective data cohort study.PatientsAll obstetric patients who were scheduled for caesarean section in a 2-year period.InterventionsAdministration of either intravenous phenylephrine prophylactically or cafedrine/theodrenaline (Akrinor) reactively to maintain blood pressure after spinal anaesthesia.Main outcome measureMaternal hypotension, heart rate during caesarean section and after admission to IMC, fetal arterial cord pH and base excess levels, maternal volume resuscitation and the use of rescue medication.Results852 data sets could be included: n=440 Akrinor, n=412 in the phenylephrine cohort. During caesarean section blood pressure was slightly higher in the phenylephrine group compared with the Akrinor group, while hypotension <100 mm Hg systolic blood pressure (SBP) occurred significantly more often during arrival at the IMC after surgery when phenylephrine was used. Heart rate was lower and rescue medication was significantly more frequently given in the phenylephrine cohort. Irrespective of the medication used, women with baseline levels of <120 mm Hg SBP had a high risk to develop hypotension <100 mm Hg after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. While there was no statistical difference in mean umbilical arterial pH levels, the incidence of acidosis, defined as pH <7.2, was significantly higher with phenylephrine.ConclusionPhenylephrine was not superior to Akrinor to treat spinal anaesthesia-induced maternal hypotension during caesarean section.Trial registration numberDRKS00025795.
Contribution of malaria and sickle cell disease to anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study using data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Chao Dennis L , Oron Assaf P , Chabot-Couture Guillaume , Sopekan Alayo , Nnebe-Agumadu Uche , Bates Imelda , Piel Frédéric B , Nnodu Obiageli 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo estimate the fraction of anaemia attributable to malaria and sickle cell disease (SCD) among children aged 6–59 months in Nigeria.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data from Nigeria’s 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS).SettingNigeria.Participants11 536 children aged 6–59 months from randomly selected households were eligible for participation, of whom 11 142 had complete and valid biomarker data required for this analysis. Maternal education data were available from 10 305 of these children.Primary outcome measureHaemoglobin concentration.ResultsWe found that 70.6% (95% CI: 62.7% to 78.5%) of severe anaemia was attributable to malaria compared with 12.4% (95% CI: 11.1% to 13.7%) of mild-to-severe and 29.6% (95% CI: 29.6% to 31.8%) of moderate-to-severe anaemia and that SCD contributed 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4% to 0.9%), 1.3% (95% CI: 1.0% to 1.7%) and 10.6% (95% CI: 6.7% to 14.9%) mild-to-severe, moderate-to-severe and severe anaemia, respectively. Sickle trait was protective against anaemia and was associated with higher haemoglobin concentration compared with children with normal haemoglobin (HbAA) among malaria-positive but not malaria-negative children.ConclusionsThis approach used offers a new tool to estimate the contribution of malaria to anaemia in many settings using widely available DHS data. The fraction of anaemia among young children in Nigeria attributable to malaria and SCD is higher at more severe levels of anaemia. Prevention of malaria and SCD and timely treatment of affected individuals would reduce cases of severe anaemia.
Disease burden of ageing, sex and regional disparities and health resources allocation: a longitudinal analysis of 31 provinces in Mainland China
Authors: Chen Shu , Si Yafei , Hanewald Katja , Li Bingqin , Bateman Hazel , Dai Xiaochen , Wu Chenkai , Tang Shenglan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo measure the disease burden of ageing based on age-related diseases (ARDs), the sex and regional disparities and the impact of health resources allocation on the burden in China.DesignA national comparative study based on Global Burden of Diseases Study estimates and China’s routine official statistics.Setting and participantsThirty-one provinces of Mainland China were included for analysis in the study. No individuals were involved.MethodsWe first identified the ARDs and calculated the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ARDs in 2016. We assessed the ARD burden disparities by province and sex and calculated the provincial ARD burden-adjusted age. We assessed historical changes between 1990 and 2016. Fixed effects regression models were adopted to evaluate the impact of health expenditures and health workforce indicators on the ARD burden in 2010–2016.ResultsIn 2016, China’s total burden of ARDs was 15 703.7 DALYs (95% uncertainty intervals: 12 628.5, 18 406.2) per 100 000 population. Non-communicable diseases accounted for 91.9% of the burden. There were significant regional disparities. The leading five youngest provinces were Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Fujian, located on the east coast of China with an ARD burden-adjusted age below 40 years. After standardising the age structure, western provinces, including Tibet, Qinghai, Guizhou and Xinjiang, had the highest burden of ARDs. Males were disproportionately affected by ARDs. China’s overall age-standardised ARD burden has decreased since 1990, and females and eastern provinces experienced the largest decline. Regression results showed that the urban–rural gap in health workforce density was positively associated with the ARD burdens.ConclusionChronological age alone does not provide a strong enough basis for appropriate ageing resource planning or policymaking. In China, concerted efforts should be made to reduce the ARDs burden and its disparities. Health resources should be deliberately allocated to western provinces facing the greatest health challenges due to future ageing.
Usefulness and practicality of a multidisease screening programme targeting migrant patients in primary care in Spain: a qualitative study of general practitioners
Authors: Gonçalves Alessandra Queiroga , Sequeira-Aymar Ethel , Aguilar Martín Carina , Dalmau Llorca Maria Rosa , Cruz Angeline , Evangelidou Stella , Hargreaves Sally , Requena-Mendez Ana , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesSome migrant groups are disproportionately affected by key infectious diseases in European countries. These pose a challenge for healthcare systems providing care to these groups. We aimed to explore the views of general practitioners (GPs) on the acceptability, adaptability and feasibility of a multidisease screening programme based on an innovative clinical decision-support system for migrants (the ISMiHealth tool), by examining the current gaps in healthcare provision and areas of good practice and the usefulness and limitations of training in the health needs of migrants.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative descriptive study and carried out a series of focus groups (FGs) taking a pragmatic utilitarian approach. Participants were GPs from the four primary healthcare (PHC) centres in Catalonia, Spain, that piloted an intervention of the ISMiHealth tool. GPs were recruited using purposive and convenience sampling. FG discussions were transcribed and analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsA total of 29 GPs participated in four FGs. Key themes identified were: (1) GPs found the ISMiHealth tool to be very useful for helping to identify specific health problems in migrants, although there are several additional barriers to screening as part of PHC, (2) the importance of considering cultural perspectives when caring for migrants, and of the impact of migration on mental health, (3) the important role of PHC in healthcare provision for migrants and (4) key proposals to improve screening of migrant populations. GPs also highlighted the urgent need, to shift to a more holistic and adequately resourced approach to healthcare in PHC.ConclusionsGPs supported a multidisease screening programme for migrant populations using the ISMiHealth tool, which aided clinical decision-making. However, intercultural participatory approaches will need to be adopted to address linguistic and cultural barriers to healthcare access that exist in migrant communities.
Studying the aging of Laponite suspensions using extensional rheology
Authors: Hayes M. J. , Smith M. I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe effect of aging on the break-up dynamics of Laponite suspensions was studied in an extensional geometry. It was found that samples of increased age undergo stronger necking at the midpoint. The thinning of samples, driven purely by motion of the plates, was compared with standard shear rheology to understand how the dynamics are related to the sample properties. The Laponite suspensions exhibit a growing stress overshoot with monotonically decreasing yield strain as they age. However, it is shown that the thinning curves in extension are only a good indicator of the sample’s static yield stress, being insensitive to its yield strain. These measurements suggest that following an initial linear visco-elastic regime, samples accumulate significant plastic deformations prior to the complete yielding of the sample. The implications of this for the importance of assessing changes to the ductile—brittle nature of samples are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Evaluation of Different Adhesive Resin Removal Methods after Debonding Ceramic Orthodontic Molar Tubes: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Atmaca Zeynep , Ulusoy Mutahhar , Ulusoy Cagri 
Published: November 2022

Objectives. To evaluate and compare the impacts, bond strength, residual adhesive, and time invested on the enamel surface after debonding of recently introduced ceramic buccal molar tubes with different systems. Materials and Methods. Ceramic molar tubes were bonded to fifty-four maxillary molar teeth, and a shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded, and the samples were divided into two groups for adhesive removal with low-speed instruments: tungsten carbide bur or diamond-coated micropolisher point. The time to clean the enamel surfaces was also noted down for each tooth. The enamel surfaces were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) after adhesives were cleaned. Shapiro-Wilk’s, Kolmogorov-Smirnov’s, and Student’s independent

t

tests were used for statistical analysis. Results. The mean SBS value of the tested ceramic molar tubes was

9.78
±
1.85

MPa, and the majority of the samples were scored as ARI 1 and ARI 2. No statistically significant difference between PoGo micropolisher and TCB was found in terms of time values for surface cleaning. The enamel surface characteristics of TCB for adhesive remnant removal resulted in a better enamel surface than the single-step diamond polisher when the samples were investigated by using SEM. Conclusions. Ceramic molar tubes may be an enamel-safe product for patients seeking for fully aesthetic orthodontic treatment, if used in carefully handled clinical conditions. One-step polishing systems utilised with low-speed instruments could be used confidentially for cleaning the resin remnants on enamel after orthodontic treatment.