bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of big trees and abundant species in driving spatial patterns of species richness in an Australian tropical rainforest
Authors: Murphy Helen T. , Bradford Matt G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBig trees and abundant species dominate forest structure and composition. As a result, their spatial distribution and interactions with other species and individuals may contribute disproportionately to the emergence of spatial heterogeneity in richness patterns. We tested scale‐dependent spatial patterning and species richness structures to understand the role of individual trees (big trees) and species (abundant species) in driving spatial richness patterns on a 25 ha plot in a diverse tropical forest of Australia. The individual species area relationship (ISAR) was used to assess species richness in neighborhoods ranging from 1 to 50 m radii around all big trees (≥70 cm dbh, n = 296) and all species with more than 100 individuals in the plot (n = 53). A crossed ISAR function was also used to compute species richness around big trees for trees of different size classes. Big individuals exert some spatial structuring on other big and mid‐sized trees in local neighborhoods (up to 30 m and 16 m respectively), but not on small trees. While most abundant species were neutral with respect to richness patterns, we identified consistent species‐specific signatures on spatial patterns of richness for 14 of the 53 species. Seven species consistently had higher than expected species richness in their neighborhood (species “accumulators”), and seven had lower than expected (species “repellers”) across all spatial scales. Common traits of accumulators and repeller species suggest that niche partitioning along disturbance gradients is a primary mechanism driving spatial richness patterns, which is then manifested in large‐scale spatial heterogeneity in species distributions across the plot.
Study on the relationship between functional characteristics and environmental factors in karst plant communities
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Limin , Chen Jin , Feng Ling , Li Fangbing , Yu Lifei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmental factors drive changes in plant functional traits, which in turn promote community recovery. The environmental conditions of the community are different at different recovery stages. Changing environmental factors may drive the changes in plant functional traits at the community level and affect species adaptation. We studied plant communities in five different recovery stages (herb, grass and shrub, shrub, tree and shrub, and tree) in the karst plateau of Zhenning, Guizhou (The vegetation in the study area has undergone a gradual natural recovery process after the forests were deforested in 1958–1960). We studied functional traits and their links to environmental factors. The main results include the following. (1) Over time, plant height, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content and leaf phosphorus content increased significantly in the tree stage, while leaf thickness and specific leaf area decreased significantly in the tree stage. (2) Soil organic carbon, soil N content, soil P content, soil C:P and soil C:K showed an increasing trend, and were significantly higher in tree stage than in other stages. Soil potassium content fluctuated and soil bulk density decreased gradually, reaching the lowest value in the tree stage, but the difference was not significant. (3) During the restoration process, the functional characteristics changed from a combination of plant communities with high specific leaf area and low dry matter content with a short plant height to plant communities with low specific leaf area and high dry matter content with a tall plant height. (4) As recovery proceeded, the study area gradually changed from a soil nutrient‐poor environment to a nutrient‐rich environment. Overall, the environmental factors vary greatly during the recovery of plant communities in karst areas. The plant community shifts from an aggressive (resource acquisition) to a conservative (environmental barrenness resistance) ecological strategy. The soil phosphorus content and soil C:K are the main environmental factors affecting the changes in functional traits during the restoration of karst plant communities in Zhenning.
Light‐Driven Catalyst‐Free Access to Phthalazines: Entry to Antiviral Model Drugs by Merging Domino Reactions**
Authors: Guryev Anton , Schuster Florian , Herrmann Lars , Hahn Friedrich , Wangen Christina , Hodek Jan , Weber Jan , Marschall Manfred , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report the development of a metal‐free four‐step one‐pot synthetic strategy to access high‐value functionalized phthalazines using o‐methyl benzophenones as starting compounds. Combining a light‐mediated enolization of o‐methyl benzophenones/Diels‐Alder reaction domino process with a subsequent deprotection/aromatization domino reaction in one‐pot leads to sustainable and efficient organic synthesis. The tangible advantages, i. e., absence of catalysts or additives, utilization of commercially available and/or easily accessible substrates, mild reaction conditions, simplicity, and single work‐up procedure, make this combined process highly appealing for the direct construction of various 1‐aryl‐phthalazines. Importantly, in vitro bioactivity evaluation of these newly prepared heterocyclic compounds demonstrated a strong antiviral efficacy against major human pathogens like HCMV and SARS‐CoV‐2.
Capsaicin combined with dietary fiber prevents high‐fat diet associated aberrant lipid metabolism by improving the structure of intestinal flora
Authors: Gong Ting , Zhou Yujing , Zhang Lei , Wang Haizhu , Zhang Min , Liu Xiong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCapsaicin (CAP) and dietary fibers are natural active ingredients that given separately do positively affect obesity and metabolic diseases. However, it was unknown whether their combined administration might further improve blood lipids and gut flora composition. To test this hypothesis we administered capsaicin plus dietary fibers (CAP + DFs) to male rats on a high‐fat diet and analyzed any changes in the intestinal microbiota make up, metabolites, and blood indexes. Our results showed that combining CAP with dietary fibers more intensely reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). CAP + DFs also increased gut bacteria variety, and the abundance of several beneficial bacterial strains, including Allobaculum and Akkermansia, while reducing harmful strains such as Desulfovibrio. Additionally, CAP + DFs significantly increased arginine levels and caused short‐chain fatty acids accumulation in the contents of the cecal portion of rats' gut. In conclusion, notwithstanding the rats were kept on a high‐fat diet, adding CAP + DFs to the chow further improved, as compared with CAP alone, the lipidemia and increased the gut beneficial bacterial strains, while reducing the harmful ones.
Channel to rib width ratio effect on thermal performance of cooling plate in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Authors: Acar Mahmut Caner 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnsuring a homogeneous temperature distribution inside a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack is crucial to fuel cell performance and durability, and cooling channels are responsible for this. In this study, a three‐dimensional numerical investigation is performed on a channel to rib width ratio (CR) based on serpentine flow field design. The cooling performance of various designs having different CR values is considered and compared according to the temperature uniformity index, the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature, average bottom temperature, and pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the cooling channels. Results demonstrate that the average temperature, temperature uniformity index, temperature difference, and pressure drop decrease by about 5%, 40%, 37%, and 79%, respectively, when CR is increased from 0.33 to 3.00. More uniform temperature distribution and thus, better cooling performance is achieved for CR = 3.00, especially at low Reynolds numbers and high heat fluxes. Also, the lowest pressure drops are obtained when CR is 3.00 under all considered operating conditions.
Inactivation of RB1, CDKN2A, and TP53 have distinct effects on genomic stability at side‐by‐side comparison in karyotypically normal cells
Authors: Andersson Natalie , Saba Karim H. , Magnusson Linda , Nilsson Jenny , Karlsson Jenny , Nord Karolin H. , Gisselsson David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChromosomal instability is a common feature in malignant tumors. Previous studies have indicated that inactivation of the classical tumor suppressor genes RB1, CDKN2A, and TP53 may contribute to chromosomal aberrations in cancer by disrupting different aspects of the cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoint machinery. We performed a side‐by‐side comparison of how inactivation of each of these genes affected chromosomal stability in vitro. Using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology, RB1, CDKN2A, and TP53 were independently knocked out in karyotypically normal immortalized cells, after which these cells were followed over time. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed a distinct phenotype with upregulation of pathways related to cell cycle control and proliferation in all three knockouts. Surprisingly, the RB1 and CDKN2A knocked out cell lines did not harbor more copy number aberrations than wild‐type cells, despite culturing for months. The TP53‐knocked out cells, in contrast, showed a massive amount of copy number alterations and saltatory evolution through whole genome duplication. This side‐by‐side comparison indicated that the effects on chromosomal stability from inactivation of RB1 and CDKN2A are negligible compared to inactivation of TP53, under the same conditions in a nonstressful environment, even though partly overlapping regulatory pathways are affected. Our data suggest that loss of RB1 and CDKN2A alone is not enough to trigger surviving detectable aneuploid clones while inactivation of TP53 on its own caused massive CIN leading to saltatory clonal evolution in vitro and clonal selection.
Sleep disturbances in Lewy body dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Elder Greg J. , Lazar Alpar S. , Alfonso‐Miller Pam , Taylor John‐Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLewy body dementia (LBD) refers to both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). Sleep disturbances are common in LBD, and can include poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and rapid eye movement behaviour disorder (RBD). Despite the high clinical prevalence of sleep disturbances in LBD, they are under‐studied relative to other dementias. The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the nature of sleep disturbances in LBD, summarise the effect of treatment studies upon sleep, and highlight specific and necessary directions for future research.MethodsPublished studies in English were located by searching PubMED and PSYCArticles databases (until 10 June 2022). The search protocol was pre‐registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021293490) and performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.ResultsFollowing full‐text review, a final total of 70 articles were included. These included 20 studies focussing on subjective sleep, 14 on RBD, 8 on EDS, 7 on objective sleep, and 1 on circadian rhythms. The majority of the 18 treatment studies used pharmacological interventions (n = 12), had an open‐label design (n = 8), and were of low‐to‐moderate quality. Most studies (n = 55) included only patients with DLB. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, we reported a narrative synthesis without meta‐analysis.ConclusionsAt least one form of sleep disturbance may be present in as many as 90% of people with LBD. Subjectively poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and RBD are more common and severe in LBD relative to other dementias.
First‐line nivolumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal adenocarcinoma: CheckMate 649 Chinese subgroup analysis
Authors: Liu Tianshu , Bai Yuxian , Lin Xiaoyan , Li Wei , Wang Jufeng , Zhang Xiaochun , Pan Hongming , Bai Chunmei , Bai Li , Cheng Ying , Zhang Jingdong , Zhong Haijun , Ba Yi , Hu Wenwei , Xu Ruihua , Guo Weijian , Qin Shukui , Yang Nong , Lu Jianwei , Shitara Kohei , Lei Ming , Li Mingshun , Bao Nicole , Chen Tian , Shen Lin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFirst‐line chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) has poor median overall survival (OS; <1 year). We report efficacy and safety results from Chinese patients in the phase III global CheckMate 649 study of nivolumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy for the first‐line treatment of GC/GEJC/esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Chinese patients with previously untreated advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC/EAC were randomized to receive nivolumab (360 mg Q3W or 240 mg Q2W) plus chemotherapy (XELOX [capecitabine and oxaliplatin] Q3W or FOLFOX [oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5‐fluorouracil] Q2W), nivolumab plus ipilimumab (not reported) or chemotherapy alone. OS, blinded independent central review‐assessed progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR) and safety are reported. Of 1581 patients enrolled and randomized, 208 were Chinese. In these patients, nivolumab plus chemotherapy resulted in clinically meaningful improvement in median OS (14.3 vs 10.2 months; HR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44‐0.85]), median PFS (8.3 vs 5.6 months; HR 0.57 [95% CI: 0.40‐0.80]), ORR (66% vs 45%) and median DOR (12.2 vs 5.6 months) vs chemotherapy, respectively. The safety profile was acceptable, with no new safety signals observed. Consistent with results from the global primary analysis of CheckMate 649, nivolumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated a clinically meaningful improvement in OS and PFS and higher response rate vs chemotherapy and an acceptable safety profile in Chinese patients. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy represents a new standard first‐line treatment for Chinese patients with non‐HER2‐positive advanced GC/GEJC/EAC.
Fused Polycyclic NHC Ligands in Gold Catalysis: Recent Advances
Authors: Teixeira Paul , Bastin Stéphanie , César Vincent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThanks to their appealing properties, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands gained considerable significance as highly powerful ancillary ligands in gold catalysis. While NHC‐gold catalysis is still dominated by the classical imidazole‐derived NHC ligands, annelated NHC systems, which feature fused aromatic rings to the carbenic heterocycle, have drawn wider attention over the last few years thanks to their unique structural and electronic properties. Fused polyaromatic NHCs are indeed versatile platforms that offer unique stereoelectronic tuning possibilities to exhibit superior activity and/or selectivity in NHC‐gold catalysis. But their polycyclic scaffolds also provide further scope for functionalization and the introduction of chirality, stimuli‐responsiveness, or cooperativity within the NHC‐gold systems. In this review, the recent advances in this area are discussed and a particular attention is drawn on the unique role of the annelation.
CombinedDFTand wave function theory approach to excited states of lanthanide luminescent materials: A case study ofLaF3:Ce3+
Authors: Sun Huai‐Yang , Jiang Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLanthanide luminescent materials play key roles in modern society, but their first‐principles treatment remains a great challenge due to complex manifold of electronic excited states and the difficulty in performing excited state structural relaxations that is necessary to model luminescent properties. Herein, we propose a practical approach that combines embedded cluster model (ECM) based multi‐configurational wave function theory (WFT) and occupancy constrained density‐functional theory plus the HubbardUcorrection (OC‐DFT + U) to treat lanthanide doped luminescent materials, using LaF3:Ce3+, a typical scintillator with low symmetry, as a case study. We show that the combined approach yields accurate absorption energies with an error on the order of 200 cm−1, but the emission energies are significantly underestimated, the origin of which is further clarified by vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectra calculation. This work demonstrates the possibility of combining ECM‐based wave function theory and periodic DFT into a comprehensive computational scheme for lanthanide luminescent materials and highlights the limitations of the current implementation of OC‐DFT + Ufor excited state structural optimization.
Congenital coagulation factor V deficiency with intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Mao Hongli , Sun Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital coagulation factor V (FV) deficiency is a very rare hemorrhagic disease with an incidence of approximately one in a million. The common clinical manifestations of FV deficiency include ecchymosis and mucosal bleeding. Life‐threatening intracranial bleeding is rare. It has been reported in several cases. However, the molecular basis has been established in only a few cases.MethodsWe reported a 2‐month‐old girl with congenital FV deficiency and intracranial hemorrhage. Coagulation screening combined with clinical manifestations was performed to diagnose congenital FV deficiency. Genetic testing was performed to identify the pathogenic genes. A literature review was included to emphasize the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment for congenital FV deficiency with intracranial bleeding.ResultsThe coagulation tests revealed a significantly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) of 51 s and an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of 73.7 s. The patient had a plasma FV activity of 0.9%. Genetic testing showed compound heterozygous mutations of the patient's FV gene. A literature review showed that patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous variants of the FV gene were often associated with a severe bleeding phenotype.ConclusionOur study provides a direction for the rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment for FV deficiency to avoid life‐threatening bleeding. Infants with spontaneous cranial hematoma and intracranial hemorrhage should be investigated for underlying hemostatic defects. Congenital coagulation factor deficiency should be considered. Once congenital FV deficiency is diagnosed, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) should be given on a regular basis. Liver transplantation may be performed in severe cases.
Classroom compositional effects on low‐ability students' achievement in China
Authors: Zhou Yisu , Cai Tianji , Wang Dan , Li Fumin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeer effects are at the center of educational policy debates regarding school choice, ability grouping, and instructional design. Though emerging empirical evidence suggests that positive peer effects exist, less is known about how it affects students with varying cognitive abilities. Using a nationally representative sample from China, we generated a student‐level measure of classroom composition of peers based on cognitive ability to understand the benefits or pitfalls of placing low‐ability students with heterogeneous or homogenous classmates. We conducted this analysis separately for grades seven and nine students after controlling for student background, family characteristics, and school endogeneity. We reaffirmed the overall positive—but small—peer effects on the performance rankings. Low‐ability children scored much lower than their counterparts when they studied in cognitively diverse classrooms. However, this effect negates the overall positive impact of studying with high‐ability peers and the pattern is consistent across rural and urban schools.
Validation of the sociopolitical control scale for youth among Brazilian juvenile offenders in rehabilitation
Authors: da Silva Manuella C. , Teixeira Maria O. , Laranjeira Márcia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmpowerment theories provide the conceptual framework to understand the process of change among marginalized groups in rehabilitation. Sociopolitical control is an element of the intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment (PE). The current study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (SPCS‐Y) in a sample of institutionalized young male offenders (N = 190) and examines its relationships with well‐being, perception of educational environment, self‐efficacy, and drug consumption. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the two‐dimensional structure of the SPCS‐Y (leadership competence and policy control). Linear regression models indicated that consumption of drugs contribute positively to leadership competence, and policy control was explained by well‐being, positive perception of educational environment, and enlisting social support. The results are consistent with previous studies from other countries and indicate that the SPCS‐Y is a valid measure to assess sociopolitical control among adolescents in rehabilitation. Additionally, theoretical implications and directions for practice are discussed in the paper.
The experiences of adolescent siblings of children with rare genetic conditions: “It's made me who I am”
Authors: Heaton Julia , Wainstein Tasha ,   CAUSES Study,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Elliott Alison M. , Austin Jehannine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChildhood genetic conditions impact not only the child who is diagnosed but also the day‐to‐day lives of all members of a family. However, our understanding of the perspectives and needs of unaffected adolescents in families affected by rare genetic conditions is limited. To address this gap, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 10 participants aged 14–20 years, all of whom had a sibling with a rare genetic condition. An interpretive description approach was used to develop a framework that described how participants' experiences of having a sibling with a rare genetic condition shaped the formation of their identity. This experience influenced identity formation both directly, and indirectly through four other phenomena: (1) normalization, of both their own experiences and their siblings' differences; (2) knowledge seeking, regarding their sibling's condition and what uncertainties remained; (3) caretaking, which limited some opportunities and was associated with uncertainty around the future; and (4) social experience, including their relationship with their affected sibling, with their peers, and with the rest of their family participants felt that they were isolated and lacked appropriate supports. The results of this study can help to inform a family‐centered approach to genetic counseling and highlight the importance of tailored supports for this population.