bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Grofman Bernard 
Published: December 2022

This minisymposium brings together excerpts from the expert witness declarations of four political scientists in an important case challenging California's congressional reapportionment as an unconstitutional political gerrymander,Badham v. Eu(D.C. California, 1984). These declarations are merely the “opening gun” inBadham. If the case goes to trial, we can anticipate additional statistical analyses will be performed and, of course, each of these experts would be subject to cross-examination about his testimony. Nonetheless, these four declarations represent an excellent illustration of the potential for political science (and political scientists) to be helpful to (even if not determinative of) judicial decision-making in an important policy arena.The basic issues raised byBadhamare as follows:What is a gerrymander? Are there manageable standards through which political gerrymandering can be detected and measured? Is there (prima facie) evidence giving rise to a (rebuttable) presumption that the California congressional plans in 1981 and 1983 were political gerrymandering? Ought political gerrymandering to be justiciable? If so, did the degree of political manipulation in the California congressional plan(s) rise to the level of constitutional violation? If political gerrymandering is held justiciable, on whom should the burden of proof of gerrymandering rest?
An FSS-based shared-aperture antenna for 5G/Wi-Fi communication and indoor 5G blind compensation
Authors: Fan Yu Lu , Lin Xian Qi , Yang Xinmi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a frequency selective surface (FSS) based shared-aperture antenna is designed for 5G/Wi-Fi applications. The 5G and Wi-Fi channel are separated to achieve different polarizations and simultaneous work. The proposed antenna is of ±45°-polarization in the 5G N79 band and vertical polarization in the Wi-Fi5.8 GHz band. The antenna is vertically stacked with the N79 band antenna located above the Wi-Fi band antenna. The N79 antenna is composed of FSS units with transmissive characteristics in the Wi-Fi band, and serves as an electromagnetically transparent surface to avoid blocking the Wi-Fi antenna. A prototype of our design is fabricated, assembled and tested, and measured results show that the prototype is able to cover the entire N79 band (4.1–5.2 GHz, 23.7%) and Wi-Fi5.8 GHz band (5.73–5.89 GHz, 2.8%). Measured average gain is 8.2 and 7.8 dBi in the N79 and Wi-Fi band, respectively, and radiation efficiency is over 86 and 80%. The proposed design exhibits separated channels, tri-polarizations, high gain and compact size, which is sufficient for regular 5G/Wi-Fi applications. The antenna also achieves a relatively wide and highly consistent signal coverage in the two bands, making it suitable for 5G/Wi-Fi multi-function communication and indoor 5G blind compensation.
Antarctic Ice‐Sheet Meltwater Reduces Transient Warming and Climate Sensitivity Through the Sea‐Surface Temperature Pattern Effect
Authors: Dong Yue , Pauling Andrew G. , Sadai Shaina , Armour Kyle C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoupled global climate models (GCMs) generally fail to reproduce the observed sea‐surface temperature (SST) trend pattern since the 1980s. The model‐observation discrepancies may arise in part from the lack of realistic Antarctic ice‐sheet meltwater input in GCMs. Here we employ two sets of CESM1‐CAM5 simulations forced by anomalous Antarctic meltwater fluxes over 1980–2013 and through the 21st century. Both show a reduced global warming rate and an SST trend pattern that better resembles observations. The meltwater drives surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and the tropical southeast Pacific, in turn increasing low‐cloud cover and driving radiative feedbacks to become more stabilizing (corresponding to a lower effective climate sensitivity). These feedback changes can contribute as substantially as ocean heat uptake efficiency changes in reducing the global warming rate. Accurately projecting historical and future warming thus requires improved representation of Antarctic meltwater and its impacts.
Close View of the Lightning Attachment Process Unveils the Streamer Zone Fine Structure
Authors: Saba Marcelo M. F. , da Silva Diego Rhamon R. , Pantuso John G. , da Silva Caitano L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA very close high‐speed video observation of lightning attachment to a building revealed novel details regarding the leader streamer zone dynamics. Upward leaders propagate in a steady and unbranched manner, displaying a uniformly luminous corona brush. The exception being the upward connecting leader (UCL) just before connection, when its streamer zone increases in size and develops a more filamentary pattern. Downward negative leaders have 3‐m long multiple streamers emanating from each negative leader tip. On some occasions, plasma formations known as space stems are seen to form in the location previously occupied by negative streamers. Space stems have luminosities comparable to the main leader channel, but are detached from it by 4 m. Some space stems display streamers of their own, including cases where streamers are emanating from both ends. The space stem formation hampered the propagation of the negative leader that was closest to the UCL.
The Weakened Upwelling at the Upstream Kuroshio in the East China Sea Induced Extensive Sea Surface Warming
Authors: Wei Yi , Ding Ruibin , Huang Daji , Xuan Jiliang , Li Hongliang , Zhang Jingjing , Ma Xiao , Zhou Feng , Chen Jianfang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interannual sea surface temperature trend of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (ECS‐Kuroshio) is significantly different from that of the ECS‐shelf region. Based on 33 years (1982–2014) of observational temperature data in the ECS, the upstream ECS‐Kuroshio, as an upwelling region, shows an opposite temperature trend to the downstream ECS‐Kuroshio, creating a horizontal “dipole” structure. Vertical heat transport modulated by upwelling variability in the upstream ECS‐Kuroshio can be the main factor for the distinct temperature trend in the upstream ECS‐Kuroshio. This upstream trend can expand to downstream areas through horizontal advections. As a result, the weakened upwelling triggered a significant warming trend in the entire upper layer of the ECS‐Kuroshio during the warming period (1999–2014). The weakening trend of upwelling and global rewarming conditions may lead to robust warming in the Kuroshio region in the middle of this century.
An Unsupervised Machine‐Learning Approach to Understanding Seismicity at an Alpine Glacier
Authors: Sawi T. , Holtzman Ben , Walter Fabian , Paisley John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is critical to understand the dynamic conditions of Earth's cryosphere, yet the subglacial and englacial environments that control many aspects of ice behavior are inherently difficult to observe. The study of seismicity in glaciers and ice sheets has provided valuable insights about the cryosphere for decades, more recently aided by tools from machine learning. Here, we present an unsupervised machine‐learning approach to discovering and interpreting cryoseismic patterns using 5 weeks of seismic data recorded at Gornergletscher, Switzerland. Our algorithm utilizes non‐negative matrix factorization and hidden Markov modeling to reduce spectrograms into characteristic, low‐dimensional “fingerprints,” which we reduce further using principal component analysis, then cluster using k‐means clustering. We investigate the timing, locations, and statistical properties of the clusters in relation to temperature, GPS and lake‐level measurements, and find that signals associated with lake flooding tend to occupy one cluster, whereas signals associated with afternoon and evening melt‐water flow reside in others. We suggest that the one cluster contains signals that include the true initiation of the flood's englacial and subglacial drainage components. This work demonstrates an unsupervised machine‐learning approach to exploring both continuous and event‐based glacial seismic data.
High efficiency pure blue perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on formamidinium manipulating carrier dynamics and electron state filling
Authors: Gao Long , Zhang Yilin , Gou Lijie , Wang Qian , Wang Meng , Zheng Weitao , Wang Yinghui , Yip Hin-Lap , Zhang Jiaqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAchieving high efficiency and stable pure blue colloidal perovskite quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is still an enormous challenge because blue emitters typically exhibit high defect density, low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and easy phase dissociation. Herein, an organic cation composition modification strategy is used to synthesize high-performance pure blue perovskite quantum dots at room temperature. The synthesized FA-CsPb(Cl0.5Br0.5)3 QDs show a bright photoluminescence with a high PLQY (65%), which is 6 times higher than the undoped samples. In addition, the photophysical properties of the FA cation doping was deeply illustrated through carrier dynamics and first principal calculation, which show lower defects, longer lifetime, and more reasonable band gap structure than undoped emitters. Consequently, pure blue FA-CsPb(Cl0.5Br0.5)3 QDs light-emitting devices were fabricated and presented a maximum luminance of 1452 cd m−2, and an external quantum efficiency of 5.01 % with an emission at 474 nm. The excellent photoelectric properties mainly originate from the enhanced blue QDs emitter and effective charge injection and exciton radiation. Our finding underscores this easy and feasible room temperature doping approach as an alternative strategy to blue perovskite QD LED development.
Wafer-level vapor cells filled with laser-actuated hermetic seals for integrated atomic devices
Authors: Maurice Vincent , Carlé Clément , Keshavarzi Shervin , Chutani Ravinder , Queste Samuel , Gauthier-Manuel Ludovic , Cote Jean-Marc , Vicarini Rémy , Abdel Hafiz Moustafa , Boudot Rodolphe , Passilly Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtomic devices such as atomic clocks and optically-pumped magnetometers rely on the interrogation of atoms contained in a cell whose inner content has to meet high standards of purity and accuracy. Glass-blowing techniques and craftsmanship have evolved over many decades to achieve such standards in macroscopic vapor cells. With the emergence of chip-scale atomic devices, the need for miniaturization and mass fabrication has led to the adoption of microfabrication techniques to make millimeter-scale vapor cells. However, many shortcomings remain and no process has been able to match the quality and versatility of glass-blown cells. Here, we introduce a novel approach to structure, fill and seal microfabricated vapor cells inspired from the century-old approach of glass-blowing, through opening and closing single-use zero-leak microfabricated valves. These valves are actuated exclusively by laser, and operate in the same way as the “make-seals” and “break-seals” found in the filling apparatus of traditional cells. Such structures are employed to fill cesium vapor cells at the wafer-level. The make-seal structure consists of a glass membrane that can be locally heated and deflected to seal a microchannel. The break-seal is obtained by breaching a silicon wall between cavities. This new approach allows adapting processes previously restricted to glass-blown cells. It can also be extended to vacuum microelectronics and vacuum-packaging of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices.
Optimal deep brain stimulation sites and networks for stimulation of the fornix in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ríos Ana Sofía , Oxenford Simón , Neudorfer Clemens , Butenko Konstantin , Li Ningfei , Rajamani Nanditha , Boutet Alexandre , Elias Gavin J. B. , Germann Jurgen , Loh Aaron , Deeb Wissam , Wang Fuyixue , Setsompop Kawin , Salvato Bryan , Almeida Leonardo Brito de , Foote Kelly D. , Amaral Robert , Rosenberg Paul B. , Tang-Wai David F. , Wolk David A. , Burke Anna D. , Salloway Stephen , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Smith Gwenn S. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Okun Michael S. , Anderson William S. , Mari Zoltan , Ponce Francisco A. , Lozano Andres M. , Horn Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) to the fornix is an investigational treatment for patients with mild Alzheimer’s Disease. Outcomes from randomized clinical trials have shown that cognitive function improved in some patients but deteriorated in others. This could be explained by variance in electrode placement leading to differential engagement of neural circuits. To investigate this, we performed a post-hoc analysis on a multi-center cohort of 46 patients with DBS to the fornix (NCT00658125, NCT01608061). Using normative structural and functional connectivity data, we found that stimulation of the circuit of Papez and stria terminalis robustly associated with cognitive improvement (R = 0.53,p < 0.001). On a local level, the optimal stimulation site resided at the direct interface between these structures (R = 0.48,p < 0.001). Finally, modulating specific distributed brain networks related to memory accounted for optimal outcomes (R = 0.48,p < 0.001). Findings were robust to multiple cross-validation designs and may define an optimal network target that could refine DBS surgery and programming.
Biodiversity–stability relationships strengthen over time in a long-term grassland experiment
Authors: Wagg Cameron , Roscher Christiane , Weigelt Alexandra , Vogel Anja , Ebeling Anne , de Luca Enrica , Roeder Anna , Kleinspehn Clemens , Temperton Vicky M. , Meyer Sebastian T. , Scherer-Lorenzen Michael , Buchmann Nina , Fischer Markus , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Eisenhauer Nico , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that biodiversity drives ecosystem functioning, yet how biodiversity loss alters ecosystems functioning and stability in the long-term lacks experimental evidence. We report temporal effects of species richness on community productivity, stability, species asynchrony, and complementarity, and how the relationships among them change over 17 years in a grassland biodiversity experiment. Productivity declined more rapidly in less diverse communities resulting in temporally strengthening positive effects of richness on productivity, complementarity, and stability. In later years asynchrony played a more important role in increasing community stability as the negative effect of richness on population stability diminished. Only during later years did species complementarity relate to species asynchrony. These results show that species complementarity and asynchrony can take more than a decade to develop strong stabilizing effects on ecosystem functioning in diverse plant communities. Thus, the mechanisms stabilizing ecosystem functioning change with community age.
Exosomal miR-1304-3p promotes breast cancer progression in African Americans by activating cancer-associated adipocytes
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wu Kerui , Sharma Sambad , Xing Fei , Wu Shih-Ying , Tyagi Abhishek , Deshpande Ravindra , Singh Ravi , Wabitsch Martin , Mo Yin-Yuan , Watabe Kounosuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBreast cancer displays disparities in mortality between African Americans and Caucasian Americans. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify miR-1304-3p as the most upregulated microRNA in African American patients. Importantly, its expression significantly correlates with poor progression-free survival in African American patients. Ectopic expression of miR-1304 promotes tumor progression in vivo. Exosomal miR-1304-3p activates cancer-associated adipocytes that release lipids and enhance cancer cell growth. Moreover, we identify the anti-adipogenic gene GATA2 as the target of miR-1304-3p. Notably, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the miR-1304 stem-loop region shows a significant difference in frequencies of the G allele between African and Caucasian American groups, which promotes the maturation of miR-1304-3p. Therefore, our results reveal a mechanism of the disparity in breast cancer progression and suggest a potential utility of miR-1304-3p and the associated SNP as biomarkers for predicting the outcome of African American patients.
In-depth mapping of protein localizations in whole tissue by micro-scaffold assisted spatial proteomics (MASP)
Authors: Ma Min , Huo Shihan , Zhang Ming , Qian Shuo , Zhu Xiaoyu , Pu Jie , Rasam Sailee , Xue Chao , Shen Shichen , An Bo , Wang Jianmin , Qu Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccurate, in-depth mapping of proteins on whole-tissue levels provides comprehensive insights into the spatially-organized regulatory processes/networks in tissues, but is challenging. Here we describe a micro-scaffold assisted spatial proteomics (MASP) strategy, based on spatially-resolved micro-compartmentalization of tissue using a 3D-printed micro-scaffold, capable of mapping thousands of proteins across a whole-tissue slice with excellent quantitative accuracy/precision. The pipeline includes robust tissue micro-compartmentalization with precisely-preserved spatial information, reproducible procurement and preparation of the micro-specimens, followed by sensitive LC-MS analysis and map generation by a MAsP app. The mapping accuracy was validated by comparing the MASP-generated maps of spiked-in peptides and brain-region-specific markers with known patterns, and by correlating the maps of the two protein components of the same heterodimer. The MASP was applied in mapping >5000 cerebral proteins in the mouse brain, encompassing numerous important brain markers, regulators, and transporters, where many of these proteins had not previously been mapped on the whole-tissue level.
Stratospheric impacts on dust transport and air pollution in West Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Dai Ying , Hitchcock Peter , Mahowald Natalie M. , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Hamilton Douglas S. , Li Longlei , Marticorena Beatrice , Kanakidou Maria , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Aboagye-Okyere Adwoa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSaharan dust intrusions strongly impact Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions. Today, most operational dust forecasts extend only 2–5 days. Here we show that on timescales of weeks to months, North African dust emission and transport are impacted by sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), which establish a negative North Atlantic Oscillation-like surface signal. Chemical transport models show a large-scale dipolar dust response to SSWs, with the burden in the Eastern Mediterranean enhanced up to 30% and a corresponding reduction in West Africa. Observations of inhalable particulate (PM10) concentrations and aerosol optical depth confirm this dipole. On average, a single SSW causes 680–2460 additional premature deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean and prevents 1180–2040 premature deaths in West Africa from exposure to dust-source fine particulate (PM2.5). Currently, SSWs are predictable 1–2 weeks in advance. Altogether, the stratosphere represents an important source of subseasonal predictability for air quality over West Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean.
A Mycobacterium tuberculosis fingerprint in human breath allows tuberculosis detection
Authors: Mosquera-Restrepo Sergio Fabián , Zuberogoïtia Sophie , Gouxette Lucie , Layre Emilie , Gilleron Martine , Stella Alexandre , Rengel David , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Caro Ana Cecilia , Garcia Luis F. , Segura César , Peláez Jaramillo Carlos Alberto , Rojas Mauricio , Nigou Jérôme 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn estimated one-third of tuberculosis (TB) cases go undiagnosed or unreported. Sputum samples, widely used for TB diagnosis, are inefficient at detecting infection in children and paucibacillary patients. Indeed, developing point-of-care biomarker-based diagnostics that are not sputum-based is a major priority for the WHO. Here, in a proof-of-concept study, we tested whether pulmonary TB can be detected by analyzing patient exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. We find that the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific lipids, lipoarabinomannan lipoglycan, and proteins in EBCs can efficiently differentiate baseline TB patients from controls. We used EBCs to track the longitudinal effects of antibiotic treatment in pediatric TB patients. In addition, Mtb lipoarabinomannan and lipids were structurally distinct in EBCs compared to ex vivo cultured bacteria, revealing specific metabolic and biochemical states of Mtb in the human lung. This provides essential information for the rational development or improvement of diagnostic antibodies, vaccines and therapeutic drugs. Our data collectively indicate that EBC analysis can potentially facilitate clinical diagnosis of TB across patient populations and monitor treatment efficacy. This affordable, rapid and non-invasive approach seems superior to sputum assays and has the potential to be implemented at point-of-care.
Direct observation of long-range chirality transfer in a self-assembled supramolecular monolayer at interface in situ
Authors: Zhang Yuening , Qin Xujin , Zhu Xuefeng , Liu Minghua , Guo Yuan , Zhang Zhen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to the interest in the origin of life and the need to synthesize new functional materials, the study of the origin of chirality has been given significant attention. The mechanism of chirality transfer at molecular and supramolecular levels remains underexplored. Herein, we study the mechanism of chirality transfer ofN, N’-bis (octadecyl)-L-/D-(anthracene-9-carboxamide)-glutamic diamide (L-/D-GAn) supramolecular chiral self-assembled at the air/water interface by chiral sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (chiral SFG) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We observe long-range chirality transfer in the systems. The chirality of Cα-H is transferred first to amide groups and then transferred to the anthracene unit, through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking to produce an antiparallelβ-sheet-like structure, and finally it is transferred to the end of hydrophobic alkyl chains at the interface. These results are relevant for understanding the chirality origin in supramolecular systems and the rational design of supramolecular chiral materials.
Composition and toxicity of venom produced by araneophagous white-tailed spiders (Lamponidae: Lampona sp.﻿)
Authors: Michálek Ondřej , Walker Andrew A. , Šedo Ondrej , Zdráhal Zbyněk , King Glenn F. , Pekár Stano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrey-specialised spiders are adapted to capture specific prey items, including dangerous prey. The venoms of specialists are often prey-specific and less complex than those of generalists, but their venom composition has not been studied in detail. Here, we investigated the venom of the prey-specialised white-tailed spiders (Lamponidae: Lampona), which utilise specialised morphological and behavioural adaptations to capture spider prey. We analysed the venom composition using proteo-transcriptomics and taxon-specific toxicity using venom bioassays. Our analysis identified 208 putative toxin sequences, comprising 103 peptides < 10 kDa and 105 proteins > 10 kDa. Most peptides belonged to one of two families characterised by scaffolds containing eight or ten cysteine residues. Toxin-like proteins showed similarity to galectins, leucine-rich repeat proteins, trypsins and neprilysins. The venom of Lampona was shown to be more potent against the preferred spider prey than against alternative cricket prey. In contrast, the venom of a related generalist was similarly potent against both prey types. These data provide insights into the molecular adaptations of venoms produced by prey-specialised spiders.