bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma biomarkers for prognosis of cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kivisäkk Pia , Magdamo Colin , Trombetta Bianca A , Noori Ayush , Kuo Yi kai E , Chibnik Lori B , Carlyle Becky C , Serrano-Pozo Alberto , Scherzer Clemens R , Hyman Bradley T , Das Sudeshna , Arnold Steven E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlasma-based biomarkers present a promising approach in the research and clinical practice of Alzheimer's disease as they are inexpensive, accessible and minimally invasive. In particular, prognostic biomarkers of cognitive decline may aid in planning and management of clinical care. Although recent studies have demonstrated the prognostic utility of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer pathology or neurodegeneration, such as pTau-181 and NF-L, whether other plasma biomarkers can further improve prediction of cognitive decline is undetermined. We conducted an observational cohort study to determine the prognostic utility of plasma biomarkers in predicting progression to dementia for individuals presenting with mild cognitive impairment due to probable Alzheimer's disease. We used the Olink™ Proximity Extension Assay technology to measure the level of 460 circulating proteins in banked plasma samples of all participants. We used a discovery data set comprised 60 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (30 progressors and 30 stable) and a validation data set consisting of 21 stable and 21 progressors. We developed a machine learning model to distinguish progressors from stable and used 44 proteins with significantly different plasma levels in progressors versus stable along with age, sex, education and baseline cognition as candidate features. A model with age, education, APOE genotype, baseline cognition, plasma pTau-181 and 12 plasma Olink protein biomarker levels was able to distinguish progressors from stable with 86.7% accuracy (mean area under the curve = 0.88). In the validation data set, the model accuracy was 78.6%. The Olink proteins selected by the model included those associated with vascular injury and neuroinflammation (e.g. IL-8, IL-17A, TIMP-4, MMP7). In addition, to compare these prognostic biomarkers to those that are altered in Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia relative to controls, we analyzed samples from 20 individuals with Alzheimer, 30 with non-Alzheimer dementias and 34 with normal cognition. The proteins NF-L and PTP-1B were significantly higher in both Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer dementias compared with cognitively normal individuals. Interestingly, the prognostic markers of decline at the mild cognitive impairment stage did not overlap with those that differed between dementia and control cases. In summary, our findings suggest that plasma biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury are associated with cognitive decline. Developing a plasma biomarker profile could aid in prognostic deliberations and identify individuals at higher risk of dementia in clinical practice.
Chitosan-Coated Resveratrol and Quercetin Nanoparticles: Synergistical Antibacterial Activities and Improvement of Nutrition Value
Authors: Zhou Fang , Fan Zhaoyang , Hu Qiaobin , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Many fresh fruits have short shelf life due to microbial growth. Trans-resveratrol (R) and quercetin (Q) have antimicrobial property, but they are easily degraded and have low bioavailability. These issues can be overcome by biocompatible lipid nanoparticles (NPs) using vitamin E as a hdrophobic core. Coating R and Q NPs (RQ-NPs) with chitosan (CS), can enhance their stability, antibacterial effect, and bioavailability. The objectives of this project are to make and optimize CS-coated R-NPs, Q-NPs and RQ-NPs, measure their characteristics, evaluate their antibacterial effect, investigate fresh-keeping property when coating them on fruits, and determine their bioavailability.

Methods
The size, polydispersity indexes (PDI) and zeta potential of NPs were measured using Zetasizer Pro. Their chemical stability was measured using HPLC. The S. enteritidis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and S. aureus were used to evaluate their antibacterial effect. After coating strawberry with NPs, the protective effect was determined by maintained quality. Mice were given NPs via oral gavage, and the bioavailability were determined based on blood R and Q concentrations.

Results
The mean particle size of R-NPs, Q-NPs and RQ-NPs was around 50, 30, and 40 nm, and zeta potential was around −2, −10 and −8 mV, respectively. Their PDI were less than 0.3 R-NPs containing 200 μg/mL of R and Q-NPs containing 300 μg/mL of Q significantly inhibited bacteria growth. A a lower concentration of R and Q in RQ-NPs (containing 150 μg/mL of R and 90 μg/mL of Q) exhibited similar antibacterial effect. After coating NPs with CS, their PDI remained under 0.3, but the size of of R-NPs, Q-NPs and RQ-NPs was about 90, 55, 60 nm, and zeta potential was around +30, +15 and +25 mV, respectively. CS-coated NPs were stable at 4°C and 22°C for at least 5 days and 3 days. CS-coated NPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial effect and prolonged the shelf life of strawberry furtherly. Nanoencapsulation also increased oral bioavailability in mice.

Conclusions
RQ-NPs showed a synergistic antibacterial effect, and CS coating increased their stability and antibacterial effect. CS-coated RQ-NPs maintained freshness of strawberry, and showed enhanced bioavailability in mice, indicating their potential implementation in active food packaging.

Funding Sources
NIH 1R15AT010395-01 and American Heart Association 19AIREA34480011.
Rebound Phenomenon After Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in High-Risk Persons
Authors: Ranganath Nischal , O’Horo John C , Challener Douglas W , Tulledge-Scheitel Sidna M , Pike Marsha L , O’Brien Michael , Razonable Raymund R , Shah Aditya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In a cohort of 483 high-risk patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for COVID-19, 2 patients (0.4%) required hospitalization by day 30. Four patients (0.8%) experienced rebound of symptoms, which were generally mild, at a median of 9 days after treatment, and all resolved without additional COVID-19–directed therapy.
The role of inflammation and the possibilities of inflammation reduction to prevent cardiovascular events
Authors: Maierean Serban , Webb Richard , Banach Maciej , Mazidi Mohsen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic systemic inflammation is a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Whether this relationship extends to subclinical inflammation, quantified by values of circulating markers associated with inflammation in the high range of the normal interval, remains debatable. This narrative review evaluates evidence exploring this relationship. A review of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including diet and lifestyle strategies, supplements, nutraceuticals, and other natural substances aimed at reducing inflammation was also conducted, since few reviews have synthesized this literature. PubMed and EMBASE were used to search the literature and several well-studied triggers of inflammation [oxidized LDL, Lp(a), as well as C-reactive protein (CRP)/high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP)] were included to increase sensitivity and address the lack of existing reviews summarizing their influence in the context of inflammation. All resulting references were assessed. Overall, there is good data supporting associations between circulating hs-CRP and CV outcomes. However, the same was not seen in studies evaluating triggers of inflammation, such as oxidized LDL or Lp(a). There is also insufficient evidence showing treatments to target inflammation and lead to reductions in hs-CRP result in improvements in CV outcomes, particularly in those with normal baseline levels of hs-CRP. Regarding pharmacological interventions, statins, bempedoic acid, and apabetalone significantly reduce circulating hs-CRP, unlike PCSK-9 inhibitors. A variety of natural substances and vitamins were also evaluated and none reduced hs-CRP. Regarding non-pharmacological interventions, weight loss was strongly associated with reductions in circulating hs-CRP, whereas various dietary interventions and exercise regimens were not, unless accompanied by weight loss.
Rock magnetic fingerprint of Mt Etna volcanic ash
Authors: Vigliotti Luigi , Bilardello Dario , Winkler Aldo , Del Carlo Paola 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYA detailed rock magnetic study was conducted on ash samples collected from different products erupted during explosive activity of Mount Etna, Italy, in order to test the use of magnetic properties as discriminating factors among them, and their explosive character in particular. Samples include tephra emplaced during the last 18 ka: the benmoreitic Plinian eruptions of the Pleistocene Ellittico activity from marine core ET97-70 (Ionian Sea) and the basaltic Holocene FG eruption (122 BC), the Strombolian/Phreatomagmatic/sub-Plinian eruptions (namely, the Holocene TV, FS, FL, ETP products and the 1990, 1998 eruptions) collected from the slope of the volcano, and the Recent explosive activity (lava fountains referred to as ‘Ash Rich Jets and Plumes’, or ARJP) that occurred in the 2001–2002 period, related to flank eruptions. Mössbauer spectrometry informs that a single magnetic mineral dominates the three groups, which are characterized by variable magnetic grain sizes and composition. Detailed rock-magnetic investigations, ranging from low temperature to high temperature remanence and susceptibility experiments, indicate that the more explosive products of the Plinian eruptions and ARJP activity tephra, are characterized by oxidized Ti-rich titanomagnetites, with dominant Curie Temperatures between 230 and 330 °C. The FG and ARJP tephra are also characterized by contrasting, yet overall higher, coercivity distributions and higher magnetizations and susceptibilities, including below room temperature. In contrast, most of the Strombolian/sub-Plinian eruptions have a magnetic signature dominated by less coercive magnetite and/or Ti-poor titanomagnetite. Magnetic differences observed between the Late Pleistocene and Holocene FG Plinian eruptions can be attributed to the different composition of the former eruptions, which were fed by more evolved magmas, whereas geochemical variations characterizing the products erupted in the last few decades can be responsible for the differences between the Holocene and recent Strombolian/sub-Plinian products. Importantly, detailed magnetic investigation of sideromelane and tachylite clasts, the two end members of the juvenile fraction extracted from the ash of the most explosive products, determines that the tachylite fraction is responsible for the magnetic signature of the Plinian FG and ARJP tephra, and is attributed to the intense fragmentation that characterizes these activities, likely resulting from undercooling processes. Moreover, the abundant superparamagnetic grains associated with these eruptive styles are believed to represent the nanolite fraction responsible for the increasing viscosity of these magmas, and to be responsible for their explosive character. The distinctive magnetic properties that characterize the tachylite-bearing tephra, representative of the fragmentation process that distinguishes the most explosive activities, provides a useful magnetic tool that can complement traditional volcanological investigations.
Teleradiology in India during the COVID-19 pandemic: merits, pitfalls and future perspectives
Authors: Rackimuthu Sudhan , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Ray Ishita , Sahito Abdul Moiz , Chawla Pranshu , Ghosh Diya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The field of teleradiology has been of interest for almost 55 years and its potential prospects for healthcare have been constantly assessed and investigated. In view of the global preventive measures, such as social distancing and hand hygiene, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has further accentuated the necessity for telemedicine and teleradiology. In a country as densely populated as India wherein radiology services are often fragmented, teleradiology can prove to be a lifesaving technology and aid dampen the repercussions stemming from the highly skewed doctor to patient ratio. Although innovative, the effective adoption of teleradiology faces several obstacles in India, such as inadequate technological infrastructure, a lack of knowledge among most medical practitioners, urban–rural disparities and a lack of financing. Similar challenges continue to also be faced by several other developing countries across the globe. This article therefore aims to elaborate on the most important facets of implementation of teleradiology observed in the Indian context to help provide salient pointers for the readership of relevant jurisdictions who may be embracing comparable teleradiology challenges. Despite the hurdles, the future of teleradiology seems promising. The respective governments, policymakers and all relevant stakeholders must continue to take decisive action to ensure that this potential is fully exploited by allocation of necessary funds, strengthening of information technology and its related fields, involvement of human resources with adequate technical and administrative expertise as well as taking continued action to improve existing telemedicine and teleradiology services.
Label-Free Characterization and Quantification of Mucosal Inflammation in Common Murine Colitis Models With Multiphoton Imaging
Authors: Kreiss Lucas , Thoma Oana-Maria , Lemire Sarah , Lechner Kristina , Carlé Birgitta , Dilipkumar Ashwathama , Kunert Timo , Scheibe Kristina , Heichler Christina , Merten Anna-Lena , Weigmann Benno , Neufert Clemens , Hildner Kai , Vieth Michael , Neurath Markus F , Friedrich Oliver , Schürmann Sebastian , Waldner Maximilian J 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical challenges in inflammatory bowel diseases require microscopic in vivo evaluation of inflammation. Here, label-free imaging holds great potential, and recently, our group demonstrated the advantage of using in vivo multiphoton endomicroscopy for longitudinal animal studies. This article extends our previous work by in-depth analysis of label-free tissue features in common colitis models quantified by the multiphoton colitis score (MCS).MethodsFresh mucosal tissues were evaluated from acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), TNBS, oxazolone, and transfer colitis. Label-free imaging was performed by using second harmonic generation and natural autofluorescence. Morphological changes in mucosal crypts, collagen fibers, and cellularity in the stroma were analyzed and graded.ResultsOur approach discriminated between healthy (mean MCS = 2.5) and inflamed tissue (mean MCS &gt; 5) in all models, and the MCS was validated by hematoxylin and eosin scoring of the same samples (85.2% agreement). Moreover, specific characteristics of each phenotype were identified. While TNBS, oxazolone, and transfer colitis showed high cellularity in stroma, epithelial damage seemed specific for chronic, acute DSS and transfer colitis. Crypt deformations were mostly observed in acute DSS.ConclusionsQuantification of label-free imaging is promising for in vivo endoscopy. In the future, this could be valuable for monitoring of inflammatory pathways in murine models, which is highly relevant for the development of new inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics.
Economic analysis of biosecurity adoption in dairy farming: evidence from Ireland
Authors: Osawe Osayanmon W , Läpple Doris , Mee John F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Given the significant negative impact of livestock disease outbreaks on animal and public health, preventing disease spread through biosecurity practices is important. In this study, we used a nationally representative dataset that included information on biosecurity practices of almost 300 Irish dairy farmers. We applied parametric and nonparametric estimation methods to assess the economic implications of adopting the following biosecurity measures: vaccination, bulk tank milk testing for diseases, and not pooling colostrum. We found mixed evidence of biosecurity practices on economic outcomes, measured as gross margins per cow. Specifically, we found that vaccination and testing bulk tank milk for diseases were significantly associated with better economic outcomes for dairy farms. However, we found no significant association with the economic performance of not pooling colostrum from more than one animal. Our findings have important policy implications required for targeting support for the adoption of biosecurity practices in dairy herds.
Revision of the taxonomic position ofPseudocyprettaKlie, 1932 (Ostracoda: Cyprididae), with a redescription ofP. maculataKlie, 1932
Authors: Savatenalinton Sukonthip , Palero Ferran , Mesquita-Joanes Francesc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudocypretta maculata Klie, 1932, type species of the genus, is redescribed based on new material from Thailand. The main diagnostic features of the species are the presence of marginal septa, presence of Wouters organ on the first antenna, strongly serrated claw G2 of the second antenna (A2), small β seta on the mandibular palp, elongated terminal segment of the maxillular palp, smooth and large bristles on the third endite of the maxillula, undivided penultimate segment of the second thoracopod (T2), absence of d1 seta on the T2, completely separated terminal segment of the third thoracopod, absence of a pincer organ, and reduced caudal ramus with a triangular base. The taxonomic position of PseudocyprettaKlie, 1932 is also revised. Based on molecular analysis using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), Pseudocypretta appears closer to Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900 than to Cyprettinae Hartmann, 1971. This result is congruent with morphological evidence and, among other cypridopsine genera, Pseudocypretta shows highest similarity with CyprettadopsisSavatenalinton, 2020 given its reduced caudal ramus, the strongly serrated claw G2 of the A2, absence of pincer organ, and presence of marginal septa. Pseudocypretta is therefore allocated to the tribe Cyprettadopsini Savatenalinton, 2020.
Genomic Determinants of Early Recurrences in Low-Stage, Low-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Safdar Nida S , Stasenko Marina , Selenica Pier , Martin Axel S , da Silva Edaise M , Sebastiao Ana Paula Martins , Krystel-Whittemore Melissa , Abu-Rustum Nadeem R , Reis-Filho Jorge S , Soslow Robert A , Shen Ronglai , Mueller Jennifer J , Oliva Esther , Weigelt Britta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Low-stage, low-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), the most common histologic type of endometrial cancer, typically has a favorable prognosis. A subset of these cancers, however, displays an aggressive clinical course with early recurrences, including distant relapses. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Using a combination of whole-exome and targeted capture sequencing of 65 FIGO stage IA and IB grade 1 EECs treated with surgery alone, we demonstrate that chromosome 1q gain (odds ratio [OR] = 8.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59 to 54.6; P = .02), PIK3CA mutation (OR = 9.16, 95% CI = 1.95 to 61.8; P = .01), and DNA mismatch repair-deficient molecular subtype (OR = 7.92, 95% CI = 1.44 to 87.6; P = .02) are independent predictors of early recurrences within 3 years in this patient population. Chromosome 1q gain was validated in an independent dataset of stage I grade 1 EECs subjected to whole-exome sequencing. Our findings expand on the repertoire of genomic parameters that should be considered in the evaluation of patients with low-stage, low-grade EEC.
Change in seed dormancy status controls seasonal timing of seed germination in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)
Authors: Song Yuan , Zhang Mingyi , Guo Yun , Gao Xiaoye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeed dormancy ensures seedling establishment in the favorable season in a seasonally changing environment. Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) seeds have morphophysiological dormancy after dispersal in autumn. A small fraction of seeds germinates in the first spring, but most seeds germinate in the second spring following dispersal. It is not clear how dormancy status changes and thus drives germination characteristic. Fresh Korean pine seeds were buried between litterfall and soil in Fenglin National Nature Reserves, Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, in middle October 2018 and regularly exhumed. Field germination percentage, embryo growth, seed viability and laboratory germination percentage of exhumed seeds were determined. The physiological dormancy part of morphophysiological dormancy was gradually released during the first winter, but reinduced in the first summer following dispersal. The reinduced physiological dormancy was broken again in the second autumn and winter. The morphological dormancy part of morphophysiological dormancy was slowly released over the first summer but rapidly broken during the second early and middle autumn. In the second spring, Korean pine seeds completely escaped from morphophysiological dormancy. The physiological dormancy part of morphophysiological dormancy was completely released, but the morphological dormancy part was still maintained, leading to very low germination in the first spring in the field. Relief of morphophysiological dormancy enables a high percentage of seeds to germinate at relatively low temperature (alternating day/night temperature above 10/5 °C) in the second spring. Korean pine provides an example of the change in dormancy status of seeds with morphophysiological dormancy.