bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous recovery of predators and prey conditions resilience to drought in a neotropical ecosystem
Authors: Ruiz Thomas , Carrias Jean-François , Bonhomme Camille , Farjalla Vinicius F. , Jassey Vincent E. J. , Leflaive Joséphine , Compin Arthur , Leroy Céline , Corbara Bruno , Srivastava Diane S. , Céréghino Régis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe predicted increase in the intensity and frequency of drought events associated with global climate change will impose severe hydrological stress to freshwater ecosystems, potentially altering their structure and function. Unlike freshwater communities’ direct response to drought, their post-drought recovery capacities remain understudied despite being an essential component driving ecosystem resilience. Here we used tank bromeliad as model ecosystem to emulate droughts of different duration and then assess the recovery capacities of ecosystem structure and function. We followed macroinvertebrate predator and prey biomass to characterize the recovery dynamics of trophic structure (i.e. predator–prey biomass ratio) during the post-drought rewetting phase. We showed that drought significantly affects the trophic structure of macroinvertebrates by reducing the predator–prey biomass ratio. The asynchronous recovery of predator and prey biomass appeared as a critical driver of the post-drought recovery trajectory of trophic structure. Litter decomposition rate, which is an essential ecosystem function, remained stable after drought events, indicating the presence of compensatory effects between detritivores biomass and detritivores feeding activity. We conclude that, in a context of global change, the asynchrony in post-drought recovery of different trophic levels may impact the overall drought resilience of small freshwater ecosystems in a more complex way than expected.
Experimental investigation of CO2 uptake in CO2 hydrates formation with amino acids as kinetic promoters and its dissociation at high temperature
Authors: Srivastava Shubhangi , Kollemparembil Ann Mary , Zettel Viktoria , Claßen Timo , Gatternig Bernhard , Delgado Antonio , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe dissociation of CO2 gas hydrates (GH) with amino acid kinetic promoters and without promoters was studied at a high temperature of 90 °C for a period of 20 min to understand the percentage of CO2 gas and to select the best promoter that aids CO2 gas entrapment along with stability at a high temperature. The possibility of using four hydrophobic food grade amino acids, namely cysteine, valine, leucine, and methionine, and one surfactant, lecithin, as kinetic promoters for CO2 GH has been studied. The amino acids were added 0.5 g (wt%), and lecithin was added 5 g for the GH production. Furthermore, the amino acids leucine and methionine gave some positive results, therefore, these amino acids were carried further for the experimentation purpose in the production of CO2 GH. Also, a combinational use of these amino acids was studied to investigate the effect on % CO2 retention in comparison to the normal GH. From the results, it was observed that the stability of GH decreases with an increase in temperature, but the addition of promoters, especially leucine + methionine + lecithin increased the CO2 uptake during GH formation.
Factors affecting the implementation of soil conservation practices among Iranian farmers
Authors: Savari Moslem , Yazdanpanah Masoud , Rouzaneh Davoud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs soil is the basis for agriculture, soil erosion is one of the major threats to food security in arid and semi-arid regions across the world. Therefore, soil conservation is an important step to increase productivity and ensure sustainability in agriculture. To implement soil conservation measures, farmers must voluntarily adopt soil conservation behaviors. Therefore, it may be important to understand the psychological and social factors that influence farmers' environmental sustainability. Thus, in this study, social cognitive theory (SCT) was used as a theoretical framework to investigate the factors influencing Iranian farmers' soil conservation behaviors (SCBs). The results showed that SCT was a successful theory in this area as it could explain 0.662 and 0.537 percent of behavioral intentions (BI) and SCBs, respectively. Moreover, the two components of self-efficacy (SE) and outcome expectancies (OE) were the strongest SCT variables that influenced SCBs. Overall, our results may provide new insights for policymakers in the agricultural sector to reduce soil erosion.
Low adherence to the guideline for the acute treatment of migraine
Authors: Olesen Astrid , Schytz Henrik Winther , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Topholm Mie , Nielsen Kaspar , Erikstrup Christian , Mikkelsen Susan , Pedersen Ole Birger , Olesen Jes , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Chalmer Mona Ameri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe real-world use of triptans in the treatment of migraine is disappointing. Only 12% of the Danish migraine population purchased a triptan between 2014 and 2019, and only 43% repurchased a triptan after first prescription. The aim of the present study was to assess whether physicians and patients adhere to the therapeutic guideline on acute migraine treatment. We interviewed 299 triptan experienced participants with migraine and 101 triptan naïve participants with migraine from the Danish Migraine Population Cohort, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to study the association with triptan use and the assessed factors. Among triptan naïve participants with migraine, 64% had consulted their general practitioner about their migraine, of whom only 23% received information about the possibility of triptan treatment. Among triptan experienced participants, 77% had only tried one type of triptan. Only 12% could recall they had been informed by their general practitioner to try each triptan three times before giving up. Twenty percent were informed to try three different triptans in total, if the first did not work. In disagreement with the guideline, participants who reported a low pain reduction by a triptan had only tried one type of triptan. Our study shows a low adherence to therapeutic guideline for the attack treatment of migraine. There is a need for better education of general practitioners regarding treatment of migraine. Future campaigns should aim to inform both the public and the general practitioner about antimigraine treatments.
Adaptation of the gut pathobiont Enterococcus faecalis to deoxycholate and taurocholate bile acids
Authors: Repoila F. , Le Bohec F. , Guérin C. , Lacoux C. , Tiwari S. , Jaiswal A. K. , Santana M. Passos , Kennedy S. P. , Quinquis B. , Rainteau D. , Juillard V. , Furlan S. , Bouloc P. , Nicolas P. , Miyoshi A. , Azevedo V. , Serror P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnterococcus faecalis is a natural inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract. This bacterial species is subdominant in a healthy physiological state of the gut microbiota (eubiosis) in adults, but can become dominant and cause infections when the intestinal homeostasis is disrupted (dysbiosis). The relatively high concentrations of bile acids deoxycholate (DCA) and taurocholate (TCA) hallmark eubiosis and dysbiosis, respectively. This study aimed to better understand how E. faecalis adapts to DCA and TCA. We showed that DCA impairs E. faecalis growth and possibly imposes a continuous adjustment in the expression of many essential genes, including a majority of ribosomal proteins. This may account for slow growth and low levels of E. faecalis in the gut. In contrast, TCA had no detectable growth effect. The evolving transcriptome upon TCA adaptation showed the early activation of an oligopeptide permease system (opp2) followed by the adjustment of amino acid and nucleotide metabolisms. We provide evidence that TCA favors the exploitation of oligopeptide resources to fuel amino acid needs in limiting oligopeptide conditions. Altogether, our data suggest that the combined effects of decreased DCA and increased TCA concentrations can contribute to the rise of E. faecalis population during dysbiosis.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ lived experience at a tertiary hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Okurumeh Anthonia I. , Akpor Oluwaseyi A. , Okeya Olutoyin E. , Akpor Oghenerobor B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a complex and chronic metabolic disorder that is associated with multiple complications and disabilities. This contributes to increased mortality and poor quality of life among affected individuals. The study explored the lived experience of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a Teaching Hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A mixed method of qualitative and quantitative design was adopted. For the quantitative aspect, a convenience sampling technique was employed while the instrument used was an adapted questionnaire. For the qualitative aspect, focus-group discussion involving twenty-four participants was conducted, and the sample size was determined by data saturation. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic transcription. Findings revealed that 55.6% of the participants were females while 63.5% had tertiary education. Majority (18 of 24) of the respondents experienced body weakness, frequent urination and excessive thirst when diagnosed of diabetes mellitus and later experienced occasional body weakness, burning sensation, tingling and numbness of the feet, fatigue, loss of libido, and occasional visual disturbance. Two-third of the participants reported being indifferent when they were informed about their condition. However, majority of the participants perceived that the cause of diabetes mellitus was heredity. More than two-third of the participants did not experience reduction in their normal daily activities but rather experienced occasional emotional disturbances, anxiety and challenges with self-management of diabetes and this was associated with maintaining a normo-glycemic state due to the financial implications of drugs and dietary modifications.
Distributed adaptive fixed-time neural networks control for nonaffine nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Li Yang , Zhu Quanmin , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper, with the adaptive backstepping technique, presents a novel fixed-time neural networks leader–follower consensus tracking control scheme for a class of nonaffine nonlinear multiagent systems. The expression of the error system is derived, based on homeomorphism mapping theory, to formulate a set of distributed adaptive backstepping neural networks controllers. The weights of the neural networks controllers are trained, by an adaptive law based on fixed-time theory, to determine the adaptive control input. The control algorithm can guarantee that the output of the follower agents of the system effectively follow the output of the leader of the system in a fixed time, while the upper bound of the settling time can be calculated without initial parameters. Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus tracking control approach. A step-by-step procedure for engineers and researchers interested in applications is proposed.
Quantum Floquet engineering with an exactly solvable tight-binding chain in a cavity
Authors: Eckhardt Christian J. , Passetti Giacomo , Othman Moustafa , Karrasch Christoph , Cavaliere Fabio , Sentef Michael A. , Kennes Dante M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent experimental advances enable the manipulation of quantum matter by exploiting the quantum nature of light. However, paradigmatic exactly solvable models, such as the Dicke, Rabi or Jaynes-Cummings models for quantum-optical systems, are scarce in the corresponding solid-state, quantum materials context. Focusing on the long-wavelength limit for the light, here, we provide such an exactly solvable model given by a tight-binding chain coupled to a single cavity mode via a quantized version of the Peierls substitution. We show that perturbative expansions in the light-matter coupling have to be taken with care and can easily lead to a false superradiant phase. Furthermore, we provide an analytical expression for the groundstate in the thermodynamic limit, in which the cavity photons are squeezed by the light-matter coupling. In addition, we derive analytical expressions for the electronic single-particle spectral function and optical conductivity. We unveil quantum Floquet engineering signatures in these dynamical response functions, such as analogs to dynamical localization and replica side bands, complementing paradigmatic classical Floquet engineering results. Strikingly, the Drude weight in the optical conductivity of the electrons is partially suppressed by the presence of a single cavity mode through an induced electron-electron interaction.
Preparation of a biomimetic superomniphobic hierarchical structure and analysis of droplet wettability
Authors: Li Jing , Feng Qunxiang , Guo Nan , Wang Fei , Du Xin , Du Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a bioinspired hierarchical structure was formed with superomniphobicity on a 7075 aluminium alloy using laser ablation. The morphology and wetting characteristics of the biomimetic sample surface were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and contact angle measurements. The effect of the liquid properties and surface structures on the rolling behaviour was investigated. The results suggest that the fabricated biomimetic sample surface was a hierarchical structure. The prepared sample had superomniphobicity and low adhesion properties, and the contact angles of six different liquid droplets on the sample surface reached or approached 150°. Specifically, the largest contact angle was 152°, and the average rolling angle was 7.7°. This multi‐hydrophobic surface provides a valuable reference for the research study and use of a variety of solid–liquid contacts.
Multiuser beamforming optimization for IRS‐aided systems with discrete phase shifts
Authors: Shi Mingli , Li Xiaohui , Fan Tao , Liu Jiawen , Lv Siting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere, the beamforming design for multiuser multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) downlink transmission aided by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) with discrete phase shifts is studied. The authors deduce a minimum signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise‐ratio (SINR) maximization fairness problem with the transmit beamformer, the receive beamformer and IRS phase shifts as optimization variables, which is generally NP‐hard. Hence, an alternating optimization algorithm based on the gradient extrapolated majorization‐minimization (GEMM) approach is employed to solve the above problem. Specifically, when the transmit beamformer and reflective phase shift are fixed, the authors give an optimal closed expression for the receive beamformer. Then, the receive beamformer is fixed, and the minimum SINR maximization problem at the transmitter is transformed into a power minimization problem. Finally, under the zero‐forcing (ZF) transmitter beamformer, the GEMM algorithm is used to optimize the reflective phase shift. Simulation results show that by comparing to existing methods, the proposed GEMM algorithm can almost achieve the same performance with lower complexity.
Immunologie Update für Dermatologen – woran wird geforscht?
Authors: Jahn Sigbert , Diamanti Evangelia , Herbst Matthias 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungImmuntherapien haben die Behandlung der chronischen Dermatosen enorm vorangebracht. Immunologische Diagnostik bestimmt den Alltag in der Praxis. Viele Dermatologen impfen. Nicht zuletzt die allgegenwärtige Corona-Pandemie und die Entwicklung entsprechender Impfstoffe verdeutlichen das große Forschungspotenzial in der Immunologie. Wir versuchen, einen Überblick zu geben, woran aktuell immunologisch geforscht wird und was wir in naher Zukunft zu erwarten haben.
Multi-field coupling mechanical failure of Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 ferroelectric ceramics under shock compression
Authors: Zhang Fu-Ping , Du Jin-Mei , Liu Yu-Sheng , He Hong-Liang 
Published: May 2022

PZT 95/5 ferroelectric ceramics have been used in shock-driven pulsed-power supplies for many years; their mechanical failure under shock compression plays an important role in their applications. Multi-field coupling shock experiments have been conducted to understand such failure by measuring the interface particle velocity of the quartz buffer/window interface, and the wave evolution was analyzed with or without the existence of failure zone inner PZT 95/5. Results confirm that the delay time of the failure wave decreased with increasing the electric field, and when the electric field reaches the dielectric strength, the electrical breakdown happens, which makes the threshold stress of mechanical failure shift to the low stress (2.0 GPa) and the delay time of the failure wave decreases dramatically at high stress. The phenomena that the delay time decreases with increasing shock stress are also observed. At the same time, ferroelectric → antiferroelectric phase transformation makes it so that the delay time of the poled state is longer than that of the unpoled state, so it has the effect of phase transformation toughening.
When and how much a non-native tree species changes the temporal patterns and biomass of litterfall input in subtropical streams
Authors: Fontana Lucas Eugenio , Biasi Cristiane , Restello Rozane Maria , Hepp Luiz Ubiratan , Petrucio Mauricio Mello 
Published: May 2022

Context In headwater streams, allochthonous litterfall input is an essential process to maintain the ecosystem functioning. The presence of non-native species in the riparian vegetation, with phenological characteristics distinct from those of most native tree species, can alter this process. Aims We evaluated the effect of the phenology of a non-native species (Hovenia dulcis) on the temporal patterns and biomass of litterfall input into streams by comparing one stream with (Hovenia stream) and another without (Native stream) H. dulcis in their riparian vegetation. Methods We quantified the litterfall input from native tree species and H. dulcis for 1 year by using buckets suspended above the streambeds. Key results The temporal pattern of litterfall input changed between streams, with quantitative differences between them during autumn and winter. In the Native stream, litterfall input was slightly higher in spring (∼79 g m−2 month−1), followed by winter (∼68 g m−2 month−1) and autumn (∼54 g m−2 month−1), whereas in the Hovenia stream, it was concentrated in autumn (∼126 g m−2 month−1). Conclusions and implications Our results indicated that the presence of H. dulcis in the riparian vegetation, when in high density, changes the temporal pattern and biomass of litterfall input into subtropical streams.
ENPP1’s regulation of extracellular cGAMP is a ubiquitous mechanism of attenuating STING signaling
Authors: Carozza Jacqueline A. , Cordova Anthony F. , Brown Jenifer A. , AlSaif Yasmeen , Böhnert Volker , Cao Xujun , Mardjuki Rachel E. , Skariah Gemini , Fernandez Daniel , Li Lingyin 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The immune system strikes a careful balance between launching a robust response to threats and avoiding overactivation. The molecule cGAMP is an immunotransmitter that activates innate immunity and signals extracellularly, where it is subject to degradation by the enzyme ENPP1. Here, we engineer ENPP1 to lose activity toward cGAMP but not other substrates, thus creating a biochemically precise tool to understand how ENPP1 regulates extracellular cGAMP and thus innate immunity. We uncover that ENPP1's degradation of extracellular cGAMP has a long evolutionary history, and that this mechanism is critical for controlling diverse immune threats, including viral infection and inflammation.
Caspase-4/11 exacerbates disease severity in SARS–CoV-2 infection by promoting inflammation and immunothrombosis
Authors: Eltobgy Mostafa M. , Zani Ashley , Kenney Adam D. , Estfanous Shady , Kim Eunsoo , Badr Asmaa , Carafice Cierra , Daily Kylene , Whitham Owen , Pietrzak Maciej , Webb Amy , Kawahara Jeffrey , Eddy Adrian C. , Denz Parker , Lu Mijia , KC Mahesh , Peeples Mark E. , Li Jianrong , Zhu Jian , Que Jianwen , Robinson Richard , Rosas Mejia Oscar , Rayner Rachael E. , Hall-Stoodley Luanne , Seveau Stephanie , Gavrilin Mikhail A. , Zhang Xiaoli , Thomas Jeronay , Kohlmeier Jacob E. , Suthar Mehul S. , Oltz Eugene , Tedeschi Andrea , Robledo-Avila Frank H. , Partida-Sanchez Santiago , Hemann Emily A. , Abdelrazik Eman , Forero Adriana , Nimjee Shahid M. , Boyaka Prosper N. , Cormet-Boyaka Estelle , Yount Jacob S. , Amer Amal O. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
We report the discovery of fundamental roles for the noncanonical inflammasome molecule Caspase-4/11 in promoting pathological inflammatory and prothrombotic pathways in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV-2) infections. Our work demonstrates that Caspase-11 has a broader role in immune responses beyond its previously appreciated effects in bacterial infections. Further, we show that Caspase-11–deficient mice infected with SARS–CoV-2 fare significantly better in terms of overall illness, lung inflammation, and thrombosis than wild-type (WT) mice, thus implicating Caspase-11 as a new therapeutic target for preventing or treating COVID-19.
Assessment of radiological health risk and radiogenic heat production changeability of different sedimentary rocks at Gabal Um Hamd, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Zaghloul Aya M , Abu-Zeid Hosnia M , El Aassy Ibrahim E , Talaat Shadia M , Abd El Maksoud Thanaa M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Soil is a source of natural radionuclides and a source of natural radiation risk to humans. This study aims to measure the radioactivity concentrations, contributions, radiological hazards and to quantify the radiogenic heat productions in thirty two rock samples having different lithology from the middle member of Um Bogma Formation in Gabal Um Hamd, southwestern Sinai, Egypt. The concentration of natural radionuclides was determined using a p-type Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of uranium

U

238

,
radium

R

226

a

,

thorium

T

232

h

,

and potassium

K

40

in the interested area were found to be 4909.58 ± 54.34

B
q
k

g

−
1

,

5003.12 ± 17.56

B
q
k

g

−
1

,

79.04 ± 8.82

B
q

kg

−
1

and 137.35 ± 8.64

B
q

kg

−
1

respectively. Other hazard indices average values were measured, such as: annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity, external and internal indices, annual gonad equivalent dose, and excess lifetime cancer risk. The radiologic hazards results, obtained in this study shows that the radiation levels are higher than the internationally approved values and the recommended safety limits. Furthermore, the results show that the radiogenic heat value ranged from 3.58 to 402.45 μW m

−3 with an average value of 60.11 ± 0.79μW m

−3 in the studied area which is higher than previously reported averages.
Quantum coherence protection by noise
Authors: Yang Xiuyi , Yin Hongjie , Zhang Feng , Nie Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a scheme to protect quantum coherence by adding another noise. We consider an example of a Jaynes–Cummings model coupled to an external non-Markovian bosonic bath. We solve this model by using the dressed state method in the presence of a stochastic coupling and obtain the density matrix by numerically averaging many stochastic trajectories. We show that the noisy atom-cavity coupling can effectively suppress both the relaxation and dephasing effects caused by the leakage of the cavity. Besides, we further illustrate the impacts of the standard deviation of the noisy coupling and the non-Markovian memory effect on the coherence protection. Then, the mechanism of the protection is analyzed. It is our hope that our research may open a new path to consider the role of noise in quantum coherence preservation.