bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the health systems' segmentation to achieve universal health coverage in Mexico
Authors: Meneses Navarro Sergio , Pelcastre‐Villafuerte Blanca Estela , Becerril‐Montekio Victor , Serván‐Mori Edson 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHealth is a human right that everyone should be able to exercise. Yet health systems segmentation and fragmentation are a major challenge to advancing universal health coverage (UHC) and achieving health equity. Between 2019 and 2020, Mexico launched a profound restructuration of its health system claiming its aim was to attain UHC, free healthcare services and drugs and to combat corruption. We analyse the implications of the modifications of the Mexican Constitution and the dismantling of the Seguro Popular de Salud (Popular Health Insurance) in relation to segmentation. We argue that, instead of advancing towards UHC and equality, these changes reinforce inequalities and that transforming health systems must respect human rights.
Direct ink writing of programmable functional silicone‐based composites for 4D printing applications
Authors: Lyu Zhiyang , Koh J. Justin , Lim Gwendolyn J. H. , Zhang Danwei , Xiong Ting , Zhang Lei , Liu Siqi , Duan Junfei , Ding Jun , Wang John , Wang Jinlan , Chen Yunfei , He Chaobin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used in flexible electronics, soft robotics, and bioelectronics. However, the fabrication of PDMS‐based devices has mostly relied on conventional approaches, such as casting and molding, thereby limiting their potential. Here we fabricate PDMS‐based composites with programmable microstructures by direct ink writing and realize their practical functionalities of four‐dimensional (4D) printing. The mechanical, thermomechanical and magnetic properties of the three‐dimensional‐printed composites can be well tailored by using carbon, metal, or ceramic functional fillers. By taking advantage of the printable, flexible, and magnetic PDMS composites, we demonstrate new practical functionalities of 4D printing by designing programmable architectures, including magnetic‐field‐driven battery cases and patchworks, as well as arbitrary morphing ceramic structures. In particular, 4D‐printed batteries are constructed by PDMS‐based battery cases for the first time, which can be actuated via external magnetic field. This study broadens the paradigm of 4D printing for prospective applications, such as implant batteries, biomimetic engineering, and customized biomedical devices.
Invoicing currency, exchange rate pass‐through, and value‐added trade: The case of Turkey
Authors: Saygılı Hülya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explore the role of invoicing currency and global production integration in the effect of exchange rate pass‐through on import and export prices. We use 3‐digit product‐level data classified by end use and 2‐digit sector‐level data displaying varying integration with global value chains from an emerging country, Turkey. Overall, pass‐through rate significantly affects both export and import prices. Contrary to the literature, pass‐through is significantly higher for local currency‐priced goods. The relative rate of pass‐through to the U.S. dollar and euro‐priced goods is determined by the type of products and value‐added trade. Stronger integration with global value chains and the use of a vehicle currency tend to smooth out the response of domestic prices to changes in exchange rates.
Functionally Interpreting Security
Authors: McEvilley Michael , Winstead Mark 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe outcomes of an exploration of what security means as an engineered function are presented, based upon principles of secure system design. The exploration was done to support an effort to formalize the syntax and semantics for the expression of security protection needs in system requirements, and to enable alignments with system safety and resilience requirements. The exploration produced a clearer interpretation of the essential aspects of security as postulated by foundational work on secure system design and was cross checked against representative classes of security requirement criteria to confirm accuracy and sufficiency of coverage of key security requirement types. The resultant perspective of what it means to be secure can be useful to inform the development of effective practices for the design of secure systems that are aligned with Future of Systems Engineering (FuSE) concepts, particularly security as a functional requirement. Further, the perspective helps to distinguish those characteristics of security (loss of “anything”) that are in common, and that contrast, with safety (loss of “specific things”) and resilience (loss of “capability”).
The partition of production between households and markets
Authors: Colburn Christopher , Zhou Haiwen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe process of industrialization was accompanied by the switch from household production to firm production. The industrialization process was also a process of population growth, the appearance of general‐purpose technologies, and the expansion of international trade. This paper studies the partition of production between households and firms in an analytically tractable general equilibrium model with a continuum of goods. We show that population growth, development of general‐purpose technologies, and the opening of international trade increase the percentage of goods produced by firms. However, with the appearance of a technology biased toward home production, the percentage of goods produced by households can increase.
DNA hypomethylation activation Wnt/TCF7L2/TDRD1 pathway promotes spermatogonial stem cell formation
Authors: Gao Xiaomin , Shi Xiang , Zhou Shujian , Chen Chen , Hu Cai , Xia Qian , Li Xinlin , Gao Wen , Ding Ying , Zuo Qisheng , Zhang Yani , Li Bichun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDetailed analysis of the regulatory mechanism of spermatogonia stem cell (SSCs) genesis can provide a novel strategy for the application of SSCs in the fields of transgenic animal production and regenerative medicine. Previous studies in this study showed that WNT signaling can positively regulate the formation of SSCs, but the exact regulatory mechanism is not clear. Here, we predicted the target gene of the Wnt/TCF7L2 pathway, namely TDRD1, by bioinformatics analysis. Functional studies revealed that overexpression of TDRD1 during RA‐induced SSCs formation in vitro significantly upregulated the expression of reproductive marker genes (Integrinβ1 and Integrinα6), and further flow cytometric analysis also confirmed that the formation efficiency of SSCs was significantly increased after overexpression of TDRD1; while interference with TDRD1 showed the exact opposite result. The in vivo experiments were consistent with the results of the in vitro experiments. Interestingly, although Wnt/TCF7L2 can promote the formation of SSCs, its function must be dependent on the expression of TDRD1, which was also repeatedly demonstrated as a target gene of the Wnt/TCF7L2 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we found a large number of CpG sites in the TDRD1 promoter, and BSP analysis also confirmed that DNA methylation modifications in the TDRD1 promoter were significantly higher in embryonic stem cells than in SSCs, and further dual‐luciferase reporter system assays revealed that low DNA methylation modification levels could enhance TDRD1 promoter activity; although previous studies demonstrated that TCF7L2 could enrich in the TDRD1 promoter region, the binding of the two was dependent on low DNA methylation modification. Taken together, we confirmed that low DNA methylation mediates Wnt/TCF7L2 regulation of TDRD1 to promote the formation of SSCs, providing a basis for SSCs in improving animal productivity.
Design and optimization of a novel ellipsoidal baffle mixer with high mixing efficiency and low pressure drop
Authors: Zhao Shuangfei , Sheng Lianzhu , He Wei , Zhu Ning , Li Yuguang , Ji Dong , Guo Kai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThroughput, mixing efficiency and pressure drop are three key performance indicators of a mixer or reactor. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve high throughput, high mixing efficiency and low pressure drop in a traditional mixer.RESULTSA novel mixer was designed and constructed by adding an ellipsoidal baffle to a large‐scale Y‐shaped mixer (YEBM) through computational fluid dynamics. The effects of ellipsoid period length, short and long axes, rotation direction, rotation angle and entrance angle of the mixer on mixing and flow characteristics were investigated and optimized. Compared with a 1 mm mixer, the throughput of the optimized YEBM is increased 100 times, the mixing efficiency is comparable and the pressure drop is reduced by 7.4%. Additionally, the application range of the YEBM with high mixing efficiency is extended to 499.1 < Re < 999.8.CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that the novel ellipsoidal baffle mixer could effectively enhance performance and reduce the pressure drop on the premise of ensuring high throughput. All the findings reported provide useful references for enhancement of mixing efficiency and reduction of pressure drop in a large‐scale mixer. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Isotope method to identify and quantify organic pollutant biodegradation during natural attenuation monitoring
Authors: Yuan Zhijiang , Dong Weihong , Jiang Weinan , Shen Xiaofang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrganic pollution poses a huge threat to the environment and human health. It is necessary to evaluate the degree of the physical and chemical reactions of organic pollutants and to clarify the time and space laws of their degradation, so as to guide the pollution remediation work. This study aimed to evaluate the biodegradation process of typical pollutant components (benzene (BZ) and dichloroethylene (DCE)) in groundwater in a study area using the 13C compound specific isotope analysis, and to evaluate the differences in calculated degradation rates by using theoretical results.RESULTSThe field‐measured spatio‐temporal concentrations of BZ and DCE and the isotope data of 13C and 14C in groundwater proved the leading role of microorganisms in the degradation process. The BZ degradation extent (92.11%) was higher than that of DCE (83.67%) within 1 year, and indoor experiments verified this result. Microbial degradation extents calculated by 13C isotope were 85% and 79%, respectively. The first‐order degradation kinetic model verified the reasonability of the degradation results calculated by 13C isotope; the deviations of the degradation extents calculated by field‐measured data and 13C isotope are both <10%. In addition, BZ was more likely to degrade upstream of the groundwater flow path.CONCLUSIONBiodegradation was the most important attenuation method of BZ and DCE, but there were differences in the degradation abilities of BZ and DCE by biological action, and BZ was preferentially degraded over DCE in the groundwater flow path. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
重症急性膵炎に対する予防的抗菌薬使用の現況　第49回日本救急医学会総会・学術集会より(Current status of prophylactic antimicrobial use for severe acute pancreatitis: in the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine)
Authors: (Asuka Tsuchiya) 土谷 飛鳥 , (Teijiro Hirashita) 平下 禎二郎 , (Masayasu Horibe) 堀部 昌靖 , (Shunsuke Omoto) 大本 俊介 , (Naoyuki Matsuda) 松田 直之 , (Toshihiko Mayumi) 真弓 俊彦 
Published: July 2022

要旨【背景】急性膵炎診療における予防的抗菌薬投与に関して，世界のガイドラインでは投与は非推奨となりつつあるが，日本の多くの施設では重症度に関わらず予防的抗菌薬は投与されている。施設ごとの診療パターンや，投与を支持するかしないかの背景にある根拠や臨床的動機は不明であり，第49回日本救急医学会総会学術集会で本命題に関するセッションが開催された。【目的】各演者の発表・討論内容，会場の投票結果を提示し，予防的抗菌薬投与の是非を検討する。【方法】発表要旨と質疑，投票結果の推移を記述した。【結果】Pros：抗菌薬の予防的投与と治療的投与を明確に区別するのは難しく，胆石性膵炎疑い例，医療暴露（耐性菌）（高感染リスク）例には，厳選して短期間（3日間）使用するべき。Cons：感染の証拠が明確でなければ使用するべきではない。投票結果推移：（軽症膵炎）非投与派が80%から90%に増加。（重症膵炎）投与派が77%から42%に減少。【考察】ガイドライン遵守率の低さと予防的抗菌薬投与の臨床的動機が判明した。世界のエビデンスやガイドライン推奨を正しく提示することで，行動変容が可能であることが示唆された。今後のガイドラインには，無菌性急性膵炎と胆管炎・敗血症併発の鑑別に関する指針や，その遵守率の定期的調査が求められる。【結論】予防的抗菌薬投与が推奨されなくなった事実を理解し，日本の最新版ガイドラインの遵守に努めるべきである。
COVID–19によるARDSを来した短頚の高度肥満女性に対し両側大腿静脈カニュレーションによるECMOを用いて救命した1例(A case of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with bilateral femoral vein cannulation in a morbidly obese woman with a short neck who had acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019)
Authors: (Kohei Miyashita) 宮下 浩平 , (Yasumasa Kawano) 川野 恭雅 , (Hiroto Iyota) 伊與田 比呂人 , (Shinya Takeuchi) 竹内 慎哉 , (Atsushi Morizane) 盛實 篤史 , (Tomoko Sugimura) 杉村 朋子 , (Yuichi Saisaka) 齋坂 雄一 
Published: July 2022

要旨症例は44歳の女性。入院3日前から鼻汁を認めていた。入院1日前より発熱と下痢を認め，SARS–Cov–2 PCR陽性でありCoronavirus disease 2019（以下COVID–19）と診断され，翌日当院総合診療科へ入院となった。徐々に呼吸状態が悪化し，入院9日目に気管挿管，人工呼吸管理となり当科へ転科後ICUに入室した。ICU入室後，第4病日にはP/F比82.6となったため，extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（以下ECMO）の適応と判断した。短頚であったため頚静脈穿刺は避け，両側大腿静脈からカニューレを挿入しV–V ECMOを導入した。夜間16時間の腹臥位療法を継続し，持続的血液濾過透析による水分管理を行った。細菌性肺炎の合併の可能性も考慮し，バンコマイシンとメロペネムを開始した。脱血不良のリスクや高いリサーキュレーション率，下肢の運動制限によるリハビリの遅れ，感染のリスクなど，管理するうえで注意すべき点は多くあったが，第30病日にECMOを離脱し，第36病日に抜管，第47病日にICUを退出した。第55病日に独歩退院した。高度肥満，短頚の患者において，両側大腿静脈を用いた回路構成は選択肢の一つではあるが，メリット・デメリットを理解した慎重な判断と工夫が必要である。
Elevated CO2 improves phosphorus nutrition and growth of citrate‐secreting wheat when grown under adequate phosphorus supply on an Al3+‐toxic soil
Authors: Dong Jinlong , Delhaize Emmanuel , Hunt James , Armstrong Roger , Tang Caixian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding how climate change affects the phosphorus (P) nutrition of crops grown on acid soils is important in optimizing the management of P, and to secure future food production on these soils. This study assessed the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on the P nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on Al3+‐toxic and P‐deficient soils or in hydroponics. The aluminium‐resistant near‐isogenic wheat lines EGA‐Burke (malate efflux only) and EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B (malate and citrate efflux) were grown under ambient (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 (800 μmol mol−1) in growth chambers for 4–6 weeks.RESULTSElevated CO2 enhanced shoot growth and total P uptake of both lines at P rates >250 mg kg−1, which was associated with improved root biomass allocation and thus increased root growth, but these effects were not apparent at lower P rates. Elevated CO2 decreased specific P uptake (P uptake per unit root length) at P supply >250 mg kg−1, but did not significantly affect external or internal P requirements. This effect on the specific P uptake was less for EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B than for EGA‐Burke, possibly due to the increased citrate efflux and decreased Al concentration in root tips of EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B. Compared to EGA‐Burke, citrate‐exuding EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B had greater shoot P concentration and greater specific P uptake.CONCLUSIONElevated CO2 improved root growth, and thus total P uptake and plant production of both lines when high P alleviated Al3+ toxicity and improved P nutrition in acid soils. The decreased P uptake efficiency under eCO2 was less for EGA‐Burke TaMATE1B than EGA‐Burke. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrated ultrasound‐assisted magnetic solid‐phase extraction for efficient determination and pre‐concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from high‐consumption soft drinks and non‐alcoholic beers in Iran
Authors: Azari Ali , Abtahi Mehrnoosh , Saeedi Reza , Yari Ahmad Reza , Vaziri Mohammad Hossein , Mohammadi Gholamabbas 
Published: July 2022

In the present research, an ultrasound‐assisted magnetic solid‐phase extraction coupled with a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry hybrid system was developed for the extraction/determination of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high‐consumption soft drinks and non‐alcoholic beers in Iran using magnetite graphene oxide adsorbent. The magnetite graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating‐sample magnetometer techniques. The highest extraction recovery (73.05%–95.56%) and enrichment factor (90.65–106.38) were obtained at adsorbent mass: 10 mg, adsorption time: 30 min, salt addition: sodium chloride 10% w/v, desorption time: 20 min, eluent type: hexane: acetone (1:1, v/v), and desorption solvent volumes: 200 μl. Under optimum conditions, the linearity range for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determination was 0.2–200 ng/ml with a coefficient of determination > 0.993, the limit of detection = 0.09–0.21 ng/ml, the limit of quantitation = 0.3–0.7 ng/ml, and relative standard deviation < 8.1%, respectively. Relative recoveries in spiked real samples ranged from 94.67 to 109.45% with a standard deviation < 6.05%. The proposed method is effective, sensitive, and reusable and it is promising for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons residues in environmental samples.
Scabies and therapeutic resistance: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Absil Gilles , Lebas Eve , Libon Florence , el Hayderi Lara , Dezfoulian Bita , Nikkels Arjen F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScabies is a very common ectoparasitosis and is responsible for a real scourge worldwide. The infestation leads to a highly contagious and pruritic dermatosis. Clinical diagnosis is not always easy; dermoscopy is a very useful diagnostic tool. Treatment relies on hygienic measures and specific acaricidals, either for topical application or oral administration. Ivermectin, permethrin and benzyl benzoate are the most frequently used therapies. Treatment failure is on the rise and could be attributed to noncompliance, treatment costs or to resistance to these agents. A series of novel agents are currently under investigation.
An emerging knowledge management framework adopted by healthcare workers in China to combatCOVID‐19
Authors: Liu Gang , Tsui Eric , Kianto Aino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines elements of knowledge management (KM) applied during the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and proposes a KM framework that can be applied to respond quickly to a new virus outbreak. Following a content analysis of the press conferences held in China, this study found that various elements of KM, including strategic KM, the knowledge codification strategy vs. the knowledge personalization strategy, a knowledge‐friendly culture, knowledge‐based leadership, KM‐based human resource management, and KM‐related information technologies, were widely used by Chinese authorities and healthcare workers to improve treatment effectiveness for COVID‐19 patients. This paper provides a unique case study on how KM helps the government and the healthcare workers to respond to an unexpected public hygiene crisis.i
Photothermal therapy using gold nanoparticles and a long‐pulsed 755‐nm alexandrite laser to treat facial photoaging in Asian skin: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Choi Young‐Jun , Kim Jin Seop , Kim Won‐Serk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTransdermally delivered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) irradiated with near‐infrared laser energy can create a photothermal effect within the sebaceous glands (SGs). Photothermal therapy (PTT) can be used clinically to reverse photoaging in SG‐rich areas of the skin. Improvements in wrinkles and enlarged pores in Asian skin were assessed following AuNP‐mediated PTT with a long‐pulsed 755‐nm alexandrite laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA single‐arm, prospective trial was designed. Twenty Korean patients underwent three gold PTT interventions performed 4 weeks apart at laser hair‐removal settings without cooling. At Week 20, changes in the wrinkle index (WI) and pore index (PI), size, and count were calculated using three‐dimensional camera analyses. Overall improvements in wrinkles and pores (0–4 scale) were assessed by blinded investigators using standardized photographic comparisons. The subjects scored their satisfaction (0–10 scale) and treatment discomfort (0–10 scale). Safety data were also collected.ResultsThere were significant reductions in the WI (8.3%, p < 0.01), pore size (23.1%, p = 0.035), and PI (19.9%, p = 0.034) in the periorbital areas at week 20 compared with baseline. The mean reductions in the size (22.5%, p = 0.027), count (16.5%, p = 0.048), and index (22.4%, p = 0.023) of the cheek pores were also significant. Investigators reported average scores of 3.2 ± 0.6 for improved wrinkle appearance, and 3.1 ± 0.7 for improvement in visible pores. Participants were moderately satisfied with the overall results (7.6 ± 1.8). Subjects felt moderate discomfort during treatment (4.7 ± 2.6). No serious or persistent adverse events occurred.ConclusionsAuNP‐mediated PTT showed noticeable efficacy and tolerability in treating wrinkles and pores in Asian skin over a 12 week‐follow‐up. Further studies with a longer follow‐up are needed to confirm the reduction in SG activity at the parameters used.
“Just Antimicrobial is not Enough” Revisited—From Antimicrobial Polymers to Microstructured Dual‐Functional Surfaces, Self‐Regenerating Polymer Surfaces, and Polymer Materials with Switchable Bioactivity
Authors: Zober Maria , Lienkamp Karen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiofilm formation can be slowed down by restricting protein adhesion on a surface, or by antimicrobial/biocidal activity of the material (among other methods). In this progress report, the recent work on alternatives to single component antimicrobial or protein‐repellent polymer materials is presented. These are microstructured bifunctional polymer surfaces and self‐regenerating polymer multilayer stacks. The microstructured polymer surfaces consist of antimicrobial, protein‐adhesive polymer patches, and nonfouling, protein repellent‐polymer patches. By carefully balancing the size and architecture of the adhesive and repellent patches, materials with simultaneous antimicrobial activity and strong protein repellency are obtained. At similar polymer patch sizes, protein adhesion is lower on hydrogels with a low elastic modulus than on polymer monolayers attached to stiff substrates. Surface‐regenerating polymer multilayer stacks are constructed from alternating layers of antimicrobial polymer hydrogels and degradable, soluble, or depolymerizable sacrificial layers. Top layer shedding, which imitates reptiles shedding their skin, rejuvenates the surface, and regenerates the antimicrobial function of the material. Layer shedding form such materials in solution is a competition between two thermodynamic minima, top layer reattachment and top layer removal. The outcome of each shedding event depends on the kinetics of the sacrificial layer disintegration.