bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydioxanone Internal Support Matrix: A Rationale for Prophylactic Internal Bra Support in Breast Augmentation
Authors: Chiemi Julia A , Kelishadi S Sean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Textured breast implants have been used in aesthetic breast surgery to decrease the rates of implant malposition. A recent analysis of a large-volume single-surgeon experience found statistically similar rates of malposition in smooth vs micro-textured breast implants.

Objectives
Prophylactic use of a polydioxanone (PDO) internal support matrix in breast augmentation was hypothesized to prevent scar malposition and increase pocket control.

Methods
In total, 200 patients received silicone gel primary augmentations performed by a single surgeon from January 2018 to December 2020; 84 patients received smooth implants alone; 49 patients received micro-textured implants; and 67 patients received smooth implants plus PDO internal support matrix. All surgeries were performed in the dual plane using an inframammary incision. Implant-related complications and scar malposition were recorded and compared.

Results
No significant difference in implant-related complication rates was found between shell types (3.57% for smooth devices alone and 2.04% for textured devices [P = 0.62; 95% CI −0.06 to 0.01]). There were zero complications in the smooth plus mesh study arm. A comparison of scar malposition rates between the smooth alone and textured groups revealed no significant difference (15.4% for smooth devices and 8.16% for textured devices [P = 0.23; 95% CI −0.12 to 0.01]). The smooth implant group with the prophylactic placement of PDO mesh had the lowest scar malposition rate of 4.48%, a significant difference compared with the smooth devices alone (P = 0.03; 95% CI −0.21 to −0.01).

Conclusions
Micro-textured devices show a trend toward decreased scar malposition, although not significant. Prophylactic use of PDO internal support matrix in silicone gel breast augmentation is safe and has the lowest incidence of scar malposition.

Level of Evidence: 3
The role of landiolol in the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock: case reports and review of literature
Authors: Bezati Sofia , Velliou Maria , Polyzogopoulou Eftihia , Boultadakis Antonios , Parissis John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atrial tachyarrhythmias and worsening heart failure frequently coexist and potentially progress to a life threatening condition. Therapeutic approach requires simultaneous management of rapid ventricular response and heart failure symptom relief in order to improve haemodynamic stability and cardiac function. Landiolol is an ultra-short-acting b-adrenergic receptor blocker with high b1 selectivity incorporated in 2020 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. We provide a report of two cases with atrial fibrillation treated with landiolol in the acute setting of pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock, respectively. Additionally, we searched the international database PUBMED (MEDLINE, PubMed Central) to retrieve scientific evidence regarding its implementation in the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with cardiac dysfunction. Recent studies support the use of landiolol in patients with acute heart failure and atrial tachyarrhythmias. Compared to digoxin, landiolol proved to be more effective in controlling heart rate, with minimal adverse effects. Moreover, landiolol may be helpful in the conversion of atrial tachyarrhythmia to sinus rhythm. A more potent effect has been reported in patients with heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, small left ventricular volume and high blood pressure. Likewise, administration of low doses of landiolol in patients with cardiogenic shock and atrial tachyarrhythmias reduced heart rate and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and improved cardiac contractility without reducing blood pressure. Landiolol seems to be an attractive alternative in the acute management of patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias and cardiac dysfunction, though further clinical trials are needed to establish its role.
DISTRIBUTION OF IODINE-127 IN MARINE ORGANISMS FROM COASTAL WATERS AROUND AOMORI, JAPAN
Authors: Imai Shoko , Matsushita Kensaku , Takaku Yuichi , Ishikawa Yoshio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We measured the concentrations and determined the distribution of the stable isotope 127I in the marine organisms. Marine fish were collected from the Pacific Ocean near Aomori, Japan. The mean 127I concentrations in the muscle of marine fish ranged from 0.67 μg g−1-wet weight (ww) in cherry salmon to 0.84 μg g−1-ww in fat greenling. Among the tissues measured, the muscle showed the lowest levels of 127I in all fish species. The highest 127I concentration in the tissues of marine fish was observed in the ovary of fat greenling. The mean 127I concentration in the of Japanese scallop ranged from 0.06 μg g−1-ww in adductor muscle to 5.49 μg g−1-ww in mid-gut gland. The 127I concentrations in seaweeds were 67 μg g−1-dry weight (dw) in sea lettuce and 1783 μg g−1-dw in kombu. Thus, the distribution of 127I concentration in marine organisms varied considerably depending on the tissue.
Exploration of the Utility of Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography During Mechanical Ventilation and Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Sato Kei , Chan Jonathan , Appadurai Vinesh , Obonyo Nchafatso , See Hoe Louise , Suen Jacky Y. , Fraser John F. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE:
This narrative review aims to discuss the potential applicability of speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) and mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Both its benefits and limitations were considered through critical analyses of the current available evidence.

DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION:
A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database indexed databases (2012–2021). In addition, the reference lists of all selected studies were manually scanned for further identification of potentially relevant studies.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The terms “Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography,” “Mechanical Ventilation,” “Mechanical Circulatory Support,” “Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation,” “Ventricular Assist Devices,” and “Left Ventricular Unloading Devices” were searched for the identification of relevant articles for narrative synthesis.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
STE is a well-established post-processing method of analyzing myocardial function, with potentially greater clinical utility than conventional 2D echocardiography. STE has been incorporated into the guideline recommendations for both the diagnostic and prognostic evaluations of myocardial and valvular pathologies. However, the potential of STE application within critical care settings has not yet been fully realized. Its utility in the assessment of patients undergoing MV and MCS is substantial. Specifically, it may serve as an ideal modality in the assessment of subtle changes in cardiac function. In the limited number of studies reviewed, STE was consistently a more sensitive marker of myocardial functional change, compared with traditional markers of 2D and Doppler parameters during changes in MV and MCS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although current evidence is extremely limited, STE strain is suggested to be a more sensitive and reproducible parameter of myocardial function than conventional echocardiographic parameters and may have value in the assessment of patients undergoing MV and MCS in critical care settings. Further studies in larger populations are required to elucidate STE’s prognostic capability and its value as a point-of-care tool in guiding clinical practice for subjects under MV and MCS.
The Global Open Source Severity of Illness Score (GOSSIS)*
Authors: Raffa Jesse D. , Johnson Alistair E. W. , O’Brien Zach , Pollard Tom J. , Mark Roger G. , Celi Leo A. , Pilcher David , Badawi Omar 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a Global Open Source Severity of Illness Score (GOSSIS)-1 for critical care patients, which generalizes across healthcare systems and countries.

DESIGN:
A merger of several critical care multicenter cohorts derived from registry and electronic health record data. Data were split into training (70%) and test (30%) sets, using each set exclusively for development and evaluation, respectively. Missing data were imputed when not available.

SETTING/PATIENTS:
Two large multicenter datasets from Australia and New Zealand (Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database [ANZICS-APD]) and the United States (eICU Collaborative Research Database [eICU-CRD]) representing 249,229 and 131,051 patients, respectively. ANZICS-APD and eICU-CRD contributed data from 162 and 204 hospitals, respectively. The cohort included all ICU admissions discharged in 2014–2015, excluding patients less than 16 years old, admissions less than 6 hours, and those with a previous ICU stay.

INTERVENTIONS:
Not applicable.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
GOSSIS-1 uses data collected during the ICU stay’s first 24 hours, including extrema values for vital signs and laboratory results, admission diagnosis, the Glasgow Coma Scale, chronic comorbidities, and admission/demographic variables. The datasets showed significant variation in admission-related variables, case-mix, and average physiologic state. Despite this heterogeneity, test set discrimination of GOSSIS-1 was high (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.918; 95% CI, 0.915–0.921) and calibration was excellent (standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 0.986; 95% CI, 0.966–1.005; Brier score, 0.050). Performance was held within ANZICS-APD (AUROC, 0.925; SMR, 0.982; Brier score, 0.047) and eICU-CRD (AUROC, 0.904; SMR, 0.992; Brier score, 0.055). Compared with GOSSIS-1, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)-IIIj (ANZICS-APD) and APACHE-IVa (eICU-CRD), had worse discrimination with AUROCs of 0.904 and 0.869, and poorer calibration with SMRs of 0.594 and 0.770, and Brier scores of 0.059 and 0.063, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
GOSSIS-1 is a modern, free, open-source inhospital mortality prediction algorithm for critical care patients, achieving excellent discrimination and calibration across three countries.
The association between Dietary Diversity Score and odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study
Authors: Ebrahimi Mousavi Sara , Dehghanseresht Narges , Dashti Fatemeh , Khazaei Yasaman , Salamat Shekoufeh , Asbaghi Omid , Mansoori Anahita 
Published: March 2022

Objective
There is no previous study that investigated the association between Dietary Diversity Score (DSS) and odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to examine the association between DDS and its components and NAFLD among Iranian adults.

Methods
In the case-control study, we enrolled 121 newly diagnosed cases of NAFLD and 122 with age, BMI and sex-matched controls. All NAFLD patients were diagnosed through ultrasonography methods by gastroenterologists. Anthropometric parameters of participants including weight, height, hip circumference and waist circumference were measured. A validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was applied to assess the usual dietary intakes of participants. Binary logistic regression was conducted to estimate the risk of NAFLD in relation to DDS and its components, including refined grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy and meats.

Results
The mean age of study participants was 42.7 years of them 53.1% were male. Higher adherence to DDS [odds ratio (OR) = 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25–0.95] and vegetable group (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16−0.71) were remarkably associated with lower risk of NAFLD, after adjusting for several confounders including age, BMI, physical activity, energy intake, job, education, and antihypertensive drugs usage. Contrastingly, greater adherence to the refined grain (OR = 3.36; 95% CI, 1.44–7.87) and meat group (OR = 3.27; 95% CI, 1.25–6.90) was significantly associated with increased risk of NAFLD.

Conclusion
High DDS is inversely correlated with the risk of NAFLD. Hence, increasing the diversity score of diet by emphasizing the higher diversity scores for vegetables and less for meat and refined grains may be profitable for the management of NAFLD.
Strategies to Successfully Implement an Eat, Sleep, Console Protocol
Authors: Wortham Stefanie E. , Bianchi Ann L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome is pervasive, reflected in a case rate increase among most demographics in the United States from 4.0 newborns per 1,000 hospitalized births in 2010 to 7.3 newborns per 1,000 hospitalized births in 2017. Historically, assessments have been based on present symptomatology, excluding the mother's input, and increasing the likelihood of pharmacotherapy. The Eat, Sleep, Console approach provides an opportunity for the mother to act as the treatment for her newborn as she performs nonpharmacologic interventions that reduce withdrawal severity. Maternal confidence to help her newborn grows with this level of involvement and mother/infant dyad care improves, as do nurse and mother interactions. Assessments are less subjective and less time-consuming for nurses to conduct than those of the often-used Finnegan tool, and are conducted in collaboration with the mother. Facilities implementing this approach have seen a reduction in newborn hospital length of stay, pharmacotherapy, associated medical costs, and improved breastfeeding rates. Implementing an Eat, Sleep, Console protocol involves a stepwise approach to ensure all stakeholders are effectively prepared for the transition. We present strategies to implement an Eat, Sleep, and Console clinical protocol. A stepwise approach to implementation along with a clinical nursing maternal education protocol exemplar is included. Methods to overcome barriers to implementation and recommendations for further development are discussed.
The Impact of Skin Color on the Recognition of Blunt Force Injuries
Authors: Santiago Christian J. , Weedn Victor W. , Diaz Francisco J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dark skin may obscure injuries. This is reflected in the illustrations in textbooks, which generally depict blunt force injuries in victims with light skin tones. We explored whether forensic pathologists can reliably recognize blunt force injuries in dark-toned skin by comparing the average number of contusions and abrasions of motor vehicle accident victims with dark- and light-toned skin. We also investigated whether the race of the forensic pathologist observer mattered. We found a significant difference in the number of injuries recorded in autopsies of motor vehicle accident victims based upon skin tone; there was also a difference in the race of the observer.
A Fatal Colchicine Ingestion With Antemortem Blood Concentration
Authors: McCabe Daniel J. , Wilson Bryan Z. , Radke Joshua B. , Bottei Edward M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although there are multiple therapeutic uses for colchicine, it is particularly dangerous in the setting of overdose due to an irreversible mechanism of action combined with a narrow therapeutic window. Colchicine is an antimitotic agent that binds tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization. This produces a predictable sequence of toxicity beginning with gastrointestinal effects with progression to multiorgan system dysfunction. Unfortunately, there are no specific antidotes for colchicine toxicity after organ injury has occurred, which can lead to tragic consequences. Despite the recognized toxicity, it is exceedingly rare to find a case in the medical literature with a confirmed time of ingestion, amount ingested, data from longitudinal examinations, and laboratory assessments, with a quantitative blood colchicine concentration. We present a case of acute colchicine overdose of 18 mg (approximately 0.25 mg/kg) with subsequent multiorgan failure and death with an antemortem blood colchicine concentration of 14 ng/mL at 18.5 hours after ingestion.
Solvation Dynamics of a Single Triglyceride as a Function of its Chain Length
Authors: Sacher Sukriti , Ray Arjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTriglycerides (TG) are transported packaged inside lypophillic particles. Several lipid exchange/transfer proteins interact with these lipoproteins and facilitate lipid exchange amongst lipoproteins, to maintain a constant flux in RCT. During this process, these neutral lipids are inadvertently exposed to the bulk water. Previous studies have elucidated the behavior of triglycerides in the bulk (on the surface of bilayer or inside a lipid droplet). However, isolated TGs during lipid exchange behave differently than when in bulk, due to an increased exposure to water. We studied the solvation dynamics of a single TG in a polar (water) and a non-polar (cyclohexane) medium to elucidate it’s solvated structure while drawing parallels with its structural organization in bulk (lipid droplet). We also examine the role of acyl chain length and it’s contribution to the free energy of solvation. Finally, we have established the predominant conformation of TG in water and cyclohexane and discuss the thermodynamics for such a preference.
Memory consolidation during sleep involves context reinstatement in humans
Authors: Schechtman Eitan , Heilberg Julia , Paller Ken A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNew memories aren’t quarantined from each other when first encoded; rather, they are interlinked with memories that were encoded in temporal proximity or share semantic features. By selectively biasing memory processing during sleep, here we test whether context influences sleep-consolidation. Participants first formed 18 idiosyncratic narratives, each linking four objects together. Before sleep,they also memorized an on-screen position for each object. During sleep, 12 object-specific sounds were unobtrusively presented, thereby cuing the corresponding spatial memories and impacting spatial recall as a function of initial memory strength. As hypothesized, we find that recall for non-cued objects contextually linked with cued objects also changed. Post-cue electrophysiological responses suggest that activity in the sigma band supports context reinstatement and predicts context-related memory benefits. Concurrently, context-specific electrophysiological activity patterns emerge during sleep. We conclude that reactivation of individual memories during sleep evokes reinstatement of their context, thereby impacting consolidation of associated knowledge.
Containing Cancer with Personalized Minimum Effective Dose
Authors: M A Masud , Kim Jae-Young , Kim Eunjung 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTResistance to treatment is a challenge in many cancer therapies. This is partly due to the heterogeneous nature of tumors, where drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells compete for the same resources. This competition is largely shaped by cancer treatment. The rapid reduction of drug-sensitive cell population during therapy with a maximum-tolerated dose relaxes competitive stress on the drug-resistant cell population, promoting relapse. Therefore, maintaining a high level of drug-sensitive cell population with a treatment break or lower dose can impose effective competitive stress on drug-resistant cell populations. Adaptive therapy (AT) exploits the competition between cancer cells. However, given the heterogeneous treatment response of individual patients, determining a personalized optimal treatment that can fine-tune competitive stress remains challenging. Using a deterministic model of cancer cell population competition, this study defines an effective dose window (EDW) as a range of doses that conserve sufficient sensitive cells, while maintaining the tumor volume below a threshold (e.g., initial tumor volume), to maintain a sustained competition against resistant cells. As a proof of concept, we sought to determine the EDW for a small cohort of patients with melanoma (n=8). We first fitted the model to longitudinal tumor response data from each patient. We performed structural and practical identifiability analyses to confirm the reproducibility and uniqueness of the estimated parameters. Then, we considered a subset of the cohort with uniquely identifiable parameters and estimated patient-specific EDW. We demonstrated that if the dose belongs to the EDW, the tumor volume for each patient could be indefinitely contained either using continuous or AT strategy. Using the optimal control theory, we concluded that the lower bound of the EDW approximates the minimum effective dose (MED) for containing cancer. Taken together, using tumor biomarker data, this study provides a proof of concept that there may exist a patient-specific EDW that keeps the tumor below a threshold (e.g., initial volume) by maintaining sustained competition on resistant cells.
Estimating interaction matrices from performance data for diverse systems
Authors: Bimler Malyon D. , Mayfield Margaret M. , Martyn Trace E. , Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNetwork theory allows us to understand complex systems by evaluating how their constituent elements interact with one another. Such networks are built from matrices which describe the effect of each element on all others. Quantifying the strength of these interactions from empirical data can be difficult, however, because the number of potential interactions increases non-linearly as more elements are included in the system, and not all interactions may be empirically observable when some elements are rare.We present a novel modelling framework which estimates the strength of pairwise interactions in diverse horizontal systems, using measures of species performance in the presence of varying densities of their potential interaction partners.Our method allows us to directly estimate pairwise effects when they are statistically identifiable and approximate pairwise effects when they would otherwise be statistically unidentifiable. The resulting interaction matrices can include positive and negative effects, the effect of a species on itself, and are non-symmetrical.The advantages of these features are illustrated with a case study on an annual wildflower community of 22 focal and 52 neighbouring species, and a discussion of potential applications of this framework extending well beyond plant community ecology.