bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of dorsal scapular nerve injury in the medial scapular area associated with upper extremity position: An ultrasonographic study
Authors: Kang Byung Heon , Lee Dae Wook , Kang Seok , Yoon Joon Shik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsInjuries to the dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) in the interscapular region are relatively uncommon. Physicians may therefore underestimate the risk of damage to the DSN during procedures. The aim of this study was to identify the topographic position of the DSN in the interscapular region and to identify injection positions for the upper extremities that minimize the risk of damage to the DSN during procedures.MethodsThe positional relationships between the DSN and scapula were quantified by ultrasonography in 46 healthy volunteers. The distances between the medial scapular line and DSN and the DSN depths from the surface in Zones 1 (the superior angle), 2 (the scapular spine), and 3 (between the scapular spine and inferior angle) were measured in the anatomical and contralateral shoulder touch positions (positions 1 and 2, respectively).ResultsThe DSN was located further away from the medial border of the scapula and closer to the skin in position 2 than in position 1. The horizontal distance of the DSN in Zone 2 differed significantly between the two positions (0.85 ± 0.38 vs 1.23 ± 0.38, P < .001). The results suggest a safe area as just medial to the medial scapular border in Zone 2 in position 2. The safety margin should be considered at least 1.5 cm medial to the medial border of the scapula in Zone 3 in position 1.DiscussionPerforming invasive procedures in the interscapular region, appropriate individualized positioning may reduce the risk of DSN injury.
Catch-and-Release Angling Effects on Lake Sturgeon in Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Shaw Stephanie L. , Lawson Zachary , Gerbyshak Joseph , Nye Nathan , Donofrio Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Discard mortality is an important factor to consider when managing catch-and-release fisheries. Even low levels of discard mortality can induce population-level effects particularly in long-lived, low-productivity species like Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Unfortunately, little is known about the effects of catch-and-release angling on Lake Sturgeon physiology and probability of discard mortality. We used controlled angling events with standardized gear to capture 96 Lake Sturgeon from August to October 2019 from four regional locations in Wisconsin, USA. We evaluated the physiological effects of angling and activation of the stress response using whole blood concentrations of lactate and glucose as well as assessment of reflex impairment and postcapture monitoring of recovery time. Lactate levels were positively related to fight duration and the fight duration × total length interaction. Glucose level was related to the time a fish spent out of water postangling event. Water temperature had a positive effect on the probability of reflex impairment and the probability that a sturgeon required recovery time. The recovery duration was positively related to the amount of time that the fish was out of water. The movements of a subset of 15 individuals from one location were monitored using acoustic telemetry for approximately 2 weeks postangling. All individuals showed continuous up- and downstream movement during the postrelease monitoring period, and there was no evidence of mortality related to the angling events. Managers considering catch-and-release fisheries for Lake Sturgeon should consider population-specific relative abundance and catch rates. They should exercise caution in scenarios when seasonal aggregations may lead populations to be susceptible to high catch rates, during times of elevated water temperatures, or the combination of these factors. The Lake Sturgeon in this study appeared to be robust to angling-induced stress effects. Nevertheless, caution is still warranted, as low levels of discard mortality have the potential to influence low-productivity species like Lake Sturgeon.
Effect of different starch contents on physical, morphological, mechanical, barrier, and biodegradation properties of tapioca starch and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blend film
Authors: Akhir Maisara A. M. , Zubir Syazana A. , Mariatti Jaafar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudy on degradation behaviors of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blended with different compositions of thermoplastic starch (TPS) under soil burial and natural weathering environments is vital in order to predict the product service‐life and planning for in situ biodegradation after product disposal. In this article, different compositions of TPS (0%, 20%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) were compounded with PBAT using single screw extruder. The samples were characterized for their tensile properties, fractured surface morphology, water barrier and surface hydrophorbicity properties in order to investigate the effect of starch fractions in PBAT blends. The degradation behavior under natural weathering and soil burial conditions was also determined during the 9 months duration by observing the change of physical appearance, weight loss, surface morphology, chemical structural, and tensile properties. The findings showed that the addition of TPS (20%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) had led to a reduction in tensile strength (41.47%, 60.53%, 63.43%, and 68.53%), and reduction in elongation at break (42.92%, 92.1%, 92.23%, and 93.22%, respectively) and water barrier properties. The findings also showed that there were distinct degradation behavior under both conditions. Upon exposure to natural weathering, photodegradation and Norrish type I & II occurred whereas under the soil burial condition, hydrolytic, and enzymatic degradation take places. Sample with the highest starch contents underwent the highest weight loss and reduction in tensile properties under both environments. The findings in this study are useful in order to investigate the feasibility of PBAT/Tapioca starch blends for biodegradable plastic film for various industrial applications especially in packaging and agricultural mulch.
COVID‐19 and pediatric pulmonology: Feedback from an expert center after the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Corvol Harriet , Prevost Blandine , Aubertin Guillaume , Thouvenin Guillaume , Taytard Jessica , Nathan Nadia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak has evolved with different waves corresponding to subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) mutations. While the most severe cases have been observed in the elderly and in individuals with underlying comorbidities, severe pediatric and young adult cases have been observed, as well as post‐infectious inflammatory syndromes and persistent symptoms leading to long‐COVID. This manuscript describes the experience of a pediatric respiratory unit during the first year of the pandemic and reviews the corresponding literature with a special emphasis on children and young people with underlying conditions, such as immunosuppression, sickle cell disease, and cystic fibrosis.
Preparation of Nitrocellulose by Homogeneous Esterification of Cellulose Based on Ionic Liquids
Authors: Duan Xikai , Li Zhaoqian , Wu Bo , Shen Jinpeng , Pei Chonghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe industrial nitrification system of preparing nitrocellulose (NC) adopts nitric and sulfuric mixed acid, which generates a large amount of waste acid and by‐products, and requires a laborious procedure for the stability treatment. In this study, a novel method was developed for the preparation of NC. NC with a nitrogen content of 12.62 % was prepared in 15 min by homogeneous esterification of cellulose based on [Bmim]Cl (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride). The samples were characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, Raman, XPS, TG‐DSC, GPC, SEM, and elemental analysis. In addition, the activation energy (Ea) was calculated according to the Kissinger method. The burning rate and chemical stability of samples were also tested. The results showed that the NC had 3D honeycomb structure with pores of 200–300 nm diameter, uniform distribution of nitrogen elements, nitrogen content of 12.62 %, and minimum polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.55. The heat of decomposition (Qdec) released by the samples was increased by 141 J/g, the Ea decreased by 16.4 %, and the burning rate increased by 40.5 % when compared with commercially available NC12.6%. The chemical stability was very well only after water cooking. Compared with the conventional method, this method doesn't use sulfuric acid, generates less waste acid, and doesn't produce by‐products such as sulfate esters. The procedure of stability treatment was also very effortless. The costs could also be reduced by the recycling of ionic liquids.
Hemodynamic assessment of transitioning from parenteral prostacyclin to selexipag in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Colglazier Elizabeth , Stevens Leah , Parker Claire , Nawaytou Hythem M. , Amin Elena K. , Becerra Jasmine , Steurer Martina , Fineman Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the increase in therapeutic options, parenteral prostacyclins remain the cornerstone in the medical management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While the use of parenteral prostacyclins in pediatric patients is well documented, less is known about alternative drug delivery methods such as enteral administration. Given that parenteral routes of prostacyclin administration (IV or SC) are invariably accompanied by complicated logistics and lifestyle compromises, enteral prostacyclin administration represents an attractive treatment option. Selexipag (Uptravi®) was approved for adults PAH in 2015. There is limited data on the hemodynamic efficacy of transitioning from parenteral prostacyclins to selexipag, particularly in the pediatric population. We report 11 pediatric PAH patients who underwent this transition, in which 10 had complete cardiac catheterization data before and following the transition to selexipag. All patients/families reported an improvement in quality of life, and the transitions occurred without adverse effects. However, 3 of the 11 (27%) did not tolerate the transition; two for worsening hemodynamics, and one for acute right ventricular failure in the setting of an intercurrent illness. In addition, the transition to selexipag was associated with a modest increase in pulmonary vascular resistance index (6/10) and decrease in cardiac index (6/10) in some patients. Selexipag use in pediatric PAH represents a significant addition to our therapeutic arsenal, and its use provides a meaningful improvement in quality of life compared with other prostacyclin formulations. However, when goals of care include aggressive disease management, a decision between improved quality of life and possible adverse outcomes must be considered, and its substitution should include cautious, close, long‐term follow‐up.
Around seven decades river course shifting and bank erosion susceptibility of river Mujnai
Authors: Sarkar Sudipa , Bera Biswajit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRiver bank erosion is a destructive fluvio‐hydrological hazard particularly inhabited flood plain of the dynamic Himalayan foreland basin. Every year during monsoonal months, morphology of the landscape is continuously modifying through the dynamic river system. The principal objectives of this study are (i) to identify the river bank erosion susceptibility through BESI (River Bank Susceptibility Index) model which has been modified from Rosgen's (2001) Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) model and historical reconstruction (from 1955 to 2021) of the river course of Mujnai and (ii) to examine the principal factors of river bank erosion particularly for the river Mujnai within Himalayan Foreland Basin. Sedimentary bank facies analysis has also been done to ascertain the causes of river bank instability. Hence, rate of bank migration, changes of channel width, channel sinuosity index (SI), channel length, erosion and accretion of the river bank, and so forth have been measured through geospatial techniques. Result showed that the younger Quaternary sediments are prone to erosion and BESI result illustrated that around 28% areas are under high erosion zones like Deoagaon, Dhulagaon, Hedayet Nagar, and Dalimpur villages in Alipurduar district. Average maximum width of the channel was recorded in 1980 (147.92 m). Additionally, the lateral migration in case of left bank was around 141.08 m (in the 1980) and 192.62 m in right bank (in 1980) while the shifting rate was 14.10 m/y and 17.51 m/y respectively. Quaternary bank materials, bioturbation and indistinct laminations of river bank are principal regulating factors behind bank erosion in this area. Monsoonal high‐velocity flow, bank full discharge and severe flood incidents accelerate the bank erosion vulnerability, particularly in this dynamic flood plain. Soft engineering techniques such as bioengineering, geo‐textile fabric, tree, grass and brush revetment should be implemented at high bank erosion vulnerable sites of river Mujnai.
Disposable Sensors for Heavy Metals Detection: A Review of Carbon and Non‐Noble Metal‐Based Receptors
Authors: Dahake Rashmi V. , Bansiwal Amit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeavy metals and metalloid pollution poses a severe threat to the environment and human health. Various anthropogenic sources are responsible for the release of these contaminants into the water and food chain of humans and animals. To protect the environment and human health, the detection of heavy metals in various environmental matrices becomes vital. Sophisticated lab‐based instruments require more time, effort, and huge investments which warrants the requirement of field‐based disposable sensors. Various optical and electrochemical sensors are reported to demonstrate good sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits (LOD). The disposable electrodes comprised of glass, paper, plastic, and fabric are gaining importance owing to the ease of application in field analysis, reproducibility, and low cost. The majority of these sensors are based on noble/precious metals namely gold, silver, and platinum. However, limited availability and high cost of these receptors restrict wide spread applicability of these sensors. Numerous earth‐abundant materials and non‐noble metal‐based sensors are also evolving recently due to several advantages namely large‐scale availability, ease of modifications, stability, and shelf life which overcomes the limitations of noble/precious metals‐based sensors. The present review provides a review of recent advances in various non‐noble and earth‐abundant micro and nanomaterials used as receptors in optical and electrochemical biosensors for the detection of metals/metalloids in various matrices. The review also highlights the strategies for the design and fabrication of disposable electrodes, their modification methods, detection strategy, and mechanism involved in the detection of heavy metals. Various gaps existing in the reported sensor systems and future perspectives are also delineated in the present manuscript.
DFT Investigation, Hirshfield Analysis and Molecular Docking of Cu(II) Complex of O‐Vanillin Based Ligand
Authors: De Anindita , Kathait Ms.Anjali , Jain Preeti , Guin Mridula 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, electronic structure and intermolecular interaction of a literature reported, biologically active Cu(II) complex comprising of a Schiff base ligand containing o‐vanillin and 2‐aminothiazole moieties is presented. Hirshfeld surface analysis is performed to comprehend the close contacts between two neighbouring molecules. The geometry of the complex is optimized using Density Functional Theory. Further, HOMO and LUMO energies, chemical reactivity parameters and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) are investigated. The interaction energy calculation from Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the complex is stabilized by dispersion energy which is major contributing factor in stabilizing the complex. The intermolecular interaction in the complex having 57 % contribution from H−H interaction. To investigate the anticancer potential of the complex, binding studies with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor(EGFR) and Tyrosine Kinase (TRK) receptor was performed by molecular docking analysis. Complex has shown good free energy of binding against both the target molecules which is −11.71&−10.56 Kcal/mol respectively along with significant inhibition constant. The mode of interaction is predominantly hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions along with a few salt bridges. These results predict excellent anticancer potential of this category of metal complexes.
A Polyaniline‐Supported, Chromium‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Electrochemical Sensing of Cadmium(II)
Authors: Roy Ekta , Pal Souvik , Kung Chung‐Wei , Yu Sheng‐Sheng , Nagar Achala , Lin Chia‐Her 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work a conducting electrochemical sensing probe, Cr‐BDC‐NH2@PANI composite material (BDC=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate), was successfully synthesized by polymerization of conducting polyaniline (PANI) around the Cr‐BDC‐NH2 material. The synthesized composite material was characterized by various analytical techniques. The Cr‐BDC‐NH2@PANI composite was successfully dropped cast on the surface of an inexpensive pencil graphite electrode (PGE) to detect the cadmium ions at trace level. The selectivity of proposed sensor observed towards cadmium ion is due to chelation mechanism operating between cadmium ions and amine groups. Under optimized condition, the proposed sensor is capable of measuring cadmium ions in aqueous as well as in human blood serum, plasma, and various water samples within the range of 0.50‐32.5 μg L−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.20 μg L−1. The Cr‐BDC‐NH2@PANI composite material modified sensor shows high affinity and no interference with real samples.
Studies Directed Toward the Total Synthesis of Nannocystin A
Authors: Nomula Rajesh , Pratapure Madhukar S. , Kontham Ravindar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA full account of our efforts directed toward the stereoselective total synthesis of nannocystin A, a macrocyclic myxobacterial metabolite, is presented. In this endeavor, we have attempted two distinct synthetic routes to access polyketide fragment (C1‐C11) of macrocyclic depsipeptide (21‐membered) natural product from readily accessible building blocks 1,3‐propanediol and benzaldehyde employing Evans aldol, CBS reduction, Heck cross‐coupling, and Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation as key transformations. Ultimately, accomplished the synthesis of the complete skeleton (21‐membered precursor for macrocyclic depsipeptide) of the nannocystin A possessing desired stereochemistry and functional groups.
Sulfided NiMo/(Al)‐MCM‐41 Catalysts for Anisole Hydrodeoxygenation: Impact of Aluminium Incorporation in the Mesostructured Support
Authors: Méndez Franklin J. , González‐Mota Manuel , Vargas‐Villagrán Haydee , González‐García Gerardo , Bokhimi Xim , Klimova Tatiana E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNiMoS nanocatalysts supported on MCM‐41 modified with aluminium were studied in the anisole hydrodeoxygenation. Our interest was to study the effect of the Al incorporation to the support on the activity and selectivity. The results indicate that the catalytic behaviour strongly depended on the Al presence in the MCM‐41 support and its loading. The anisole conversions and the respective pseudo‐first‐order rate constants increased with Al‐incorporation compared to the NiMo/Si‐MCM‐41 sample. The highest catalytic activity was obtained with the NiMo/Al‐MCM‐41(60) nanocatalyst. Aluminum presence in the support also had a strong effect on the selectivity of the catalysts, promoting the formation of phenol as an intermediate product mainly through demethylation of the O‐CH3 group of anisole, as well as through demethylation of 2‐methylphenol intermediate. These results were ascribed to an increased acidity of the Al‐MCM‐41‐supported samples and the participation of these acidic sites in the interaction with anisole and oxygen‐containing reaction intermediates.
Microalgae‐Based Biohybrid Microrobot for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Choi Hyunsik , Kim Bolam , Jeong Sang Hoon , Kim Tae Yeon , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Oh You‐Kwan , Hahn Sei Kwang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA variety of wound healing platforms have been proposed to alleviate the hypoxic condition and/or to modulate the immune responses for the treatment of chronic wounds in diabetes. However, these platforms with the passive diffusion of therapeutic agents through the blood clot result in the relatively low delivery efficiency into the deep wound site. Here, a microalgae‐based biohybrid microrobot for accelerated diabetic wound healing is developed. The biohybrid microrobot autonomously moves at velocity of 33.3 µm s−1 and generates oxygen for the alleviation of hypoxic condition. In addition, the microrobot efficiently bound with inflammatory chemokines of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) for modulating the immune responses. The enhanced penetration of microrobot is corroborated by measuring fibrin clots in biomimetic wound using microfluidic devices and the enhanced retention of microrobot is confirmed in the real wounded mouse skin tissue. After deposition on the chronic wound in diabetic mice without wound dressing, the wounds treated with microrobots are completely healed after 9 days with the significant decrease of inflammatory cytokines below 31% of the control level and the upregulated angiogenesis above 20 times of CD31+ cells. These results confirm the feasibility of microrobots as a next‐generation platform for diabetic wound healing.
Review of security issues in Internet of Things and artificial intelligence‐driven solutions
Authors: Abed Ali Kamil , Anupam Angesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) is a network of several hardware and software systems which is broadly based upon internet services and several state‐of‐the‐art sensing and communication technologies. The emergence of 5G technology will witness a further surge in the growth of IoT across the world but simultaneously security concerns pertinent to the IoT technology also need rigorous evaluations. This article will present a thorough survey of the security challenges in an IoT network, recent cases of attacks on IoT technology, communication protocols prevalent in IoT systems and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in IoT security. For the first time, all the major attributes related to IoT security along with potential solutions using AI are reviewed and articulated together. This work would act as a useful resource for understanding useful perspectives in future research focused around the development of more secured IoT communication protocols as well as AI tools for handling privacy and security in IoT.