bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive performance and specific aspects of language processing are associated with Oldowan-like chert flaking and retouch
Authors: Gabrić Petar , Banda Marko , Karavanić Ivor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experimental data suggesting a co-evolutionary relationship between Palaeolithic stone toolmaking, and cognition and language remain limited to indirect findings of neurophysiological studies. Furthermore, retouch and quartz flaking remain uninvestigated. We recruited thirteen subjects and taught them to produce quartz choppers and chert sidescrapers in either a verbal or gestural condition. Two raters rated on a 5-point scale the subjects’ performances on specific steps of the two stone toolmaking tasks. Subjects also performed on a neuropsychological battery encompassing visuospatial, executive functioning, and linguistic tasks. Given the small sample size, the results should be regarded as exploratory and preliminary. There was only limited evidence that verbal compared to gestural teaching facilitated acquisition. Quartz chopper manufacture was not associated with cognitive performance. Conversely, chert flaking and retouch were moderately and strongly associated with visuospatial working memory and executive functioning. Specific aspects of chert flaking were also associated with verbal fluency performance, showing, among others, moderate and strong positive associations with the productivity and rate of production of syntactically transitive verbs on action fluency. Controversially assuming similar results would have been obtained by testing extinct hominins, our results possibly suggest Oldowan hominins relied on modern-like visuospatial working memory and executive functioning during chert knapping. Furthermore, some prerequisites for aspects of action language and syntactic transitivity in modern humans might have been to some degree present in Oldowan hominin populations. We conclude by proposing that the quality of performance on Oldowan knapping may not reflect the full level of cognitive capacities of Oldowan populations.
Estimating the economic burden of typhoid in children and adults in Blantyre, Malawi: a costing cohort study
Authors: Limani Fumbani , Smith Christopher , Wachepa Richard , Chafuwa Hlulose , Meiring James , Noah Patrick , Patel Pratiksha , Patel Priyanka , Debellut Frédéric , Pecenka Clint , Gordon Melita A. , Bar-Zeev Naor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTyphoid causes preventable death and disease. The World Health Organizationrecommends Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine for endemic countries, but introductiondecisions depend on cost-effectiveness. We estimated household and healthcareeconomic burdens of typhoid in Blantyre, Malawi.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of culture-confirmed typhoid cases at two primary- and areferral-level health facility, we collected direct medical, non-medical costs (2020 U.S. dollars) to healthcare provider, plus indirect costs to households.ResultsFrom July 2019-March 2020, of 109 cases, 63 (58%) were <15 years old, 44 (40%)were inpatients. Mean hospitalization length was 7.7 days (SD 4.1). For inpatients,mean total household and provider costs were $93.85 (95%CI: 68.87-118.84) and$296.52 (95%CI: 225.79-367.25), respectively. For outpatients, these costs were$19.05 (95%CI: 4.38-33.71) and $39.65 (95%CI: 33.93-45.39), respectively.Household costs were due mainly to direct non-medical and indirect costs, medicalcare was free. Catastrophic illness cost, defined as cost >40% of non-food monthlyhousehold expenditure, occurred in 48 (44%) households.ConclusionsTyphoid can be economically catastrophic for families, despite accessible free medicalcare. Typhoid is costly for government healthcare provision. These data make aneconomic case for TCV introduction in Malawi and the region and will be used to derivevaccine cost-effectiveness.
Genomic analyses identify biological processes of miR-125 mediated breast cancer cells
Authors: Guo Hongmei , Zhang Wei , Liu Guangqi , Chang Tingxiang , Gu Hanming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
miRNAs contain suppressive and oncogenic properties to regulate the progression of cancers. The expression of miR-125b expression is reported to be consistently low in breast cancers. However, the function and mechanism of miR-125b are not fully understood in breast cancers. In our study, our objective is to identify the DEGs and biological processes in the miR-125b mediated breast cancer cells by analyzing the RNA-seq data. The GSE123358 dataset was produced by the Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Homo sapiens). The KEGG and GO analyses showed the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum oxidative phosphorylation pathways are the main processes in miR-125b mediated breast cancer. Moreover, we identified ten interactive molecules including UQCRQ, CALR, HNRNPU, ATP5G1, NDUFB11, UQCRH, HSP90B1, TGOLN2, SAP18, and XPOT. Thus, our study may benefit the treatment of breast cancer by using miR-125b.
Clinical characteristics and disease patterns of patients with relapsing polychondritis: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Wang Dong , Guan Lujia , Dong xin , Zhu Xiaofan , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disease affected various cartilage, Patients with tracheal cartilage involvement are different from other patients. The objectives of this study were to allocated RP patients into two subgroups by chest computed tomography (CT) and compare the clinical features and disease patterns of each group.Methods A retrospective cohort study collected RP patients hospitalized at the Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital between January 2012 - August 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: respiratory involvement group and non-respiratory involvement group according to chest CT.Results In our study, respiratory involvement found in 59.7% (n=43) patients, which had higher rate of costochondritis, fewer rate of Inflammatory eye disease and auricular chondritis than those in non-respiratory involvement. Compared with non-respiratory involvement subgroup, The incidence of pulmonary infection marginally increased and those inflammatory indexes except for CAR were significantly higher in respiratory involvement subgroup, further subgroup analysis found that there was no significant relationship between inflammatory indexes and pulmonary infection. Finally, 5 patients died during the follow-up in this cohort with a median follow-up time of 6 years (range 3-8 years).Conclusion 59.7% of patients had respiratory involvement according to chest CT findings in our cohort, which had a strong inverse relationship between respiratory and auricular, ocular involvement. Increase inflammatory indexes were not correlated with pulmonary infection, suggesting that patients with respiratory involvement had a higher disease activity index of RP. The probability of survival was not found significant in two subgroups.
Newborn skin maturity models for gestational age prediction
Authors: Reis Zilma Silveira Nogueira , Guimarães Rodney Nascimento , Romanelli Roberta Maia de Castro , Gaspar Juliano de Souza , Neves Gabriela Silveira , Vale Marynea Silva do , Nader Paulo de Jesus H , de Moura Martha David Rocha , Vitral Gabriela Luíza Nogueira , Reis Marconi Augusto Aguiar dos , Pereira Marcia Margarida Mendonça , Marques Patrícia Franco , Nader Silvana Salgado , Harff Augusta Luize , Beleza Ludmylla de Oliveira , de Castro Maria Eduarda Canellas , Souza Rayner Guilherme , Pappa Gisele Lobo , de Aguiar Regina Amélia Pessoa Lopes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A multicenter clinical trial evaluated the accuracy of a novel device to detect preterm newborns. A portable multiband reflectance photometric device assessed 781 newborns’ skin maturity and used machine learning models to predict reference gestational age, adjusting it to birth weight and antenatal corticosteroid therapy exposition. The day difference between the reference and the test had a median of -1.4 (IQR: -2.1). Using established methods such as comparator ultrasound and last menstrual period (LMP), the medians were 0 (IQR: 4) and 0.01 (IQR: 4), respectively. For prematurity discrimination, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.986 (95% CI: 0.977 to 0.994). In newborns with absent or unreliable LMP, the intent-to-discriminate analysis showed that the test generated correct classifications 95.8% of the time. The assessment of the newborn's skin maturity adjusted by learning models promises accurate pregnancy dating at birth without the use of antenatal ultrasound reference.
Perceptions of Nursing Students Regarding Clinical Teaching and Learning During COVID-19 at Selected Higher Education Institutions in Lesotho
Authors: Nyangu Isabel , Rathobei Libuseng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nursing students and their clinical instructors in higher education institutions are faced with challenges regarding their clinical teaching and learning strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of nursing students regarding clinical teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A non-experimental descriptive quantitative research design was used to collect data from 300 nursing students who were enrolled at selected higher education institutions in the 2021/22 academic year in Lesotho. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the respondents who completed a structured self-report questionnaire. Permission to conduct the study was granted by relevant authorities (ID147-2021). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS vs 23) and presented using tables and graphs and described analytically. The findings of the current study show that the minimum age of participants was 19 years and the maximum age was 39 years. The majority of respondents were female (69%: n=207) and studying for a BSc degree in Nursing and Midwifery (49%: n=146). Most nursing students had adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes to prevent Covid-19 in the clinical area and simulation laboratories. They felt that clinical instructors and preceptors were available and competent to assist them in completing their clinical competencies and procedure file logbooks. Nursing students gained expertise in performing clinical procedures as they were able to perform return demonstrations in the simulation laboratory and clinical areas. Whilst clinical facilities and simulation laboratories had adequate Covid-19 prevention protocols and tools, there was inadequate personal protective equipment available. Conclusively, the perceptions of nursing students regarding clinical teaching and learning during Covid-19 were positive. More support for adequate personal protective equipment for nursing students remains crucial.
Prime n solutions of the Brocard’s Problem
Authors: Singh Devansh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper on the [1]“Brocard’s Problem” , I have worked on case when n is prime and n divides m-1. Necessary conditions on m are given in Theorem and Corollaries.I used necessary and sufficient condition of primes. Assuming that n is prime and divides m-1, I applied Inverse Laplace Transform on the obtained equation and got a polynomial function which is easier to deal with. I worked with zero of the polynomial function and got lower bound of p which was not useful as p tends to infinity, but solving quartic equation which I have given at the end could give significant upper, lower bounds of p.What would happen to those upper, lower bounds if p tends to infinity?
A macroscopic link between interhemispheric tract myelination and cortico-cortical interactions during action reprogramming
Authors: Lazari Alberto , Salvan Piergiorgio , Verhagen Lennart , Cottaar Michiel , Papp Daniel , Werf Olof van der , Gavine Bronwyn , Kolasinski James , Webster Matthew , Stagg Charlotte , Rushworth Matthew , Johansen-Berg Heidi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Myelination has been increasingly implicated in the function and dysfunction of the adult human brain. Although it is known that axon myelination shapes axon physiology in animal models, it is unclear whether a similar principle applies in the living human brain, and at the level of whole axon bundles in white matter tracts. Here, we hypothesised that in humans, cortico-cortical interactions between two brain areas may be shaped by the amount of myelin in the white matter tract connecting them. As a test bed for this hypothesis, we use a well-defined interhemispheric premotor-to-motor circuit. We combined TMS-derived physiological measures of cortico-cortical interactions during action reprogramming with multimodal myelin markers (MT, R1, R2* and FA), in a large cohort of healthy subjects. We found that physiological metrics of premotor-to-motor interaction are broadly associated with multiple myelin markers, suggesting interindividual differences in tract myelination may play a role in motor network physiology. Moreover, we also demonstrate that myelination metrics link indirectly to action switching by influencing local primary motor cortex dynamics. These findings suggest that myelination levels in white matter tracts may influence millisecond-level cortico-cortical interactions during tasks. They also unveil a link between the physiology of the motor network and the myelination of tracts connecting its components, and provide a putative mechanism mediating the relationship between brain myelination and human behaviour.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Biomass Production and Composition Traits in Miscanthus Sinensis Using a Staggered-start Design
Authors: Raverdy Raphael , Mignot Emilie , Arnoult Stéphanie , Fingar Laura , Bodineau Guillaume , Griveau Yves , Volant Solenne , Brancourt-Hulmel Maryse 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Traits for biomass production and composition make Miscanthus a promising bioenergy crop for different bioconversion routes. They need to be considered in miscanthus breeding programs as they are subjected to genetic and genetic x environment factors. The objective was to estimate the genetic parameters of an M. sinensis population grown during four years in two French locations. In each location, the experiment was established according to a staggered-start design in order to decompose the year effect into age and climate effects. Linear Mixed Models were used to estimate genetic variance, genotype x age, genotype x climate interaction variances and residual variances. Individual plant broad-sense heritability means ranged from 0.42 to 0.62 for biomass production traits, and were more heritable than biomass composition traits with means ranging from 0.26 to 0.47. Heritability increased through time for most of the biomass production and composition traits. Low genetic variance along with large genotype x age and genotype x climate interaction variances tended to decrease the heritability of biomass production traits for young plant ages. Most of the production traits showed large interaction variances for age and climate in both locations, while biomass composition traits highlighted large interaction variances due to climate in Orléans. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between biomass production and composition traits were moderate and positive, while hemicelluloses were negatively correlated with all traits. Efficient genetic progress is achievable for miscanthus breeding when plants get older. The joint improvement of biomass production and composition traits would help provide a better response of miscanthus to selection.
Depletion of CD206+ Tumour Macrophages via a Peptide Targeted Star-Shaped Polyglutamate Inhibits Tumourigenesis and Metastatic Dissemination in Mouse Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Lepland Anni , Malfanti Alessio , Haljasorg Uku , Asciutto Eliana , Pickholz Monica , Bringas Mauro , Đorđević Snežana , Salumäe Liis , Peterson Pärt , Teesalu Tambet , Vicent María , Scodeller Pablo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although many studies have explored the depletion of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) as a therapeutic strategy for solid tumours, currently available compounds suffer from poor efficacy and dose-limiting side effects. Here, we developed a novel TAM-depleting agent ("OximUNO") that specifically targets CD206+ TAMs and demonstrated efficacy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models. OximUNO comprises a star-shaped polyglutamate (St-PGA) decorated with the CD206-targeting peptide mUNO that carries the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). In TNBC models, a fluorescently-labelled mUNO-decorated St-PGA homed to CD206+ TAMs within primary lesions and metastases. OximUNO exhibited no acute liver or kidney toxicity in vivo. Treatment with OximUNO reduced the progression of primary tumour lesions and pulmonary metastases, significantly diminished the number of CD206+ TAMs and increased the CD8/FOXP3 expression ratio (demonstrating immunostimulation). Our findings suggest the potential benefit of OximUNO as a TAM-depleting agent for TNBC treatment. Importantly, our studies also represent the first report of a peptide-targeted St-PGA as a targeted therapeutic nanoconjugate.
The Effects of The Royal Jelly On Dry Mouth Sensation With Normal Saliva Function: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial Clinical Study
Authors: Mochizuki Yumi , Tushima Fumihiko , Kabasawa Yuji , Harada Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Because there are no standardized treatment methods for dry mouth sensation with normal salivary function, cases of dry mouth sensation continually suffer. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effects of a royal jelly tablets on dry mouth sensation, in patients with normal salivary function. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between November, 2019 and April, 2020. This clinical trial was randomized, double-blind, and of a crossover design, with a four-week washout period. Each participant received either 800 mg of royal jelly tablets or placebo, daily for 12 weeks. Results: Differences in VAS scores between royal jelly tablets and placebo were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks, and were significant. Differences in HADS and GHQ12 scores between those exposed to royal jelly tablets and placebo, at the evaluation period of 12 weeks, were statistically significant. A statistically significant decrease in HADS scores in the royal jelly tablet group, was observed over time. Conclusions: These findings show that daily consumption of royal jelly (800 mg) for 12 weeks was effective in alleviating dry mouth sensation with normal saliva function.Clinical trial registration numbers and the full date of first registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (jRCTs031190067); 02/08/2019
Linking Tree Cover Change to Historical Management Practices in Urban Parks
Authors: Nix Sabine , Roman Lara , Healy Marc , Rogan John , Pearsall Hamil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ContextUrban parks provide critical ecological, health, and social benefits, constituting a substantial proportion of urban tree canopy (UTC) within a given city. As cities set ambitious UTC targets, it is critical to understand the social drivers of UTC changes in parks. ObjectivesWe sought to uncover the feedbacks between social processes, including historical events, and park UTC in a post-industrial city that experienced substantial population loss and urban park disinvestment. Methods Our mixed-methods approach involved quantifying spatiotemporal UTC changes and connecting those changes to historical management practices for three parks in Philadelphia, PA (US). We delineated UTC using aerial imagery between 1959 and 2018, and synthesized information from archival records and semi-structured interviews about historical management practices. ResultsWe found substantial UTC gains between 1959 and 1980, due to both: (a) budget cuts, mowing cessation, and associated unintended forest emergence; and (b) purposeful tree planting and reforestation activities. While some UTC gains were purposeful, others were unintentional and reflect successional processes on unmaintained lands. Contrary to literature suggesting that financial investment would lead to UTC gain, we saw declining UTC following an influx of new funding post-2000 due to construction and ecological restoration. ConclusionsWe found differing pathways leading to convergent outcomes of UTC gains. Across the three parks, differing historical processes and management goals for park landscapes had important ramifications for UTC. Our work suggests that landscape management could benefit from an improved understanding of how historical processes impact land cover.
Сollection of representatives of the genus Larix Mill. (Pinaceae) in the Botanical Garden of the Forestry University (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Authors: Шибанов С.А. , Орлова Л.В. , Фирсов Г.А. 
Published: December 2021

В Нижнем и Верхнем дендрологических садах Санкт-Петербургского государственного лесотехнического университета в Санкт-Петербурге выращивается 13 видов и 1 гибрид рода Larix Mill., представленных 124 экземплярами, в возрасте от 25 до 200 лет. Все зимостойки, образуют шишки, 3 вида (L. archangelica, L. decidua, L. sibirica) дают самосев. Всего за период интродукции были испытаны 23 таксона рода Larix, наибольшее число видов здесь впервые испытал Э.Л. Вольф. Некоторые виды (L. komarovii, L. maritima) здесь были впервые введены культуру. В коллекции сохранились старовозрастные экземпляры, посаженные еще в XIX в. – 71 шт., самые старые посадки (9 деревьев) датируются 1820 г. (L. archangelica, L. decidua, L. sibirica). Самое высокое дерево относится к L. sibirica: 34,0 м выс., самое толстое по диаметру ствола – L. decidua: 102 см. Исследования подтверждают важность периодических биометрических измерений и непрерывного мониторинга коллекции. Отдельные деревья заслуживают внесения в базу данных по деревьям-чемпионам по их размерам в высоту и диаметру ствола.
There are 13 species and 1 hybrid of genus Larix Mill., represented by 124 trees, in collection of the Upper and the Lower dendrological gardens of Saint-Petersburg State Forest-Technical University, under the age from 25 till 200 years old. All of them are winter hardy and produce cones. Three species (L. archangelica, L. decidua, L. sibirica) give self-sowing. Totally there are 23 taxa which have been tested for the period of introduction. The largest amount of species were tested by E.L. Wolf. Some species (L. komarovii, L. maritima) were introduced here into general cultivation. There are trees of old age planted as early as in the XIX century (71). There are 9 of oldest trees cultivating since 1820 (L. archangelica, L. decidua, L. sibirica). The tallest tree is of L. sibirica: 34,0 m high, the most thick on trunk diameter is the tree of L. decidua: 102 см. The research confirm the importance of periodical biometrical measurements and uninterrupted monitoring of all collection. There are certain trees which deserve to be included into the data base on Champion trees on their sizes.
TANDEM: NOVAS FORMAS DE APRENDER E ENSINAR LIBRAS E PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Diogenes Menezes Ronny 
Published: December 2021

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a aquisição da Libras e Português por Surdos, esse projeto implantou o Tandem como mediador da aprendizagem para alunos dos cursos de Licenciatura do Ceres/UFRN e comunidade surda de Caicó-RN. O Português, tem se tornado um objeto de difícil compreensão por muitos surdos, no mesmo caminho se encontra a aprendizagem da Libras por pessoas ouvintes, muitos não encontram o necessário para se aprofundar na língua por meio das disciplinas dos cursos superiores. Para resolver esse problema utilizamos o Tandem como uma ferramenta social para a aprendizagem de Libras e português. Com isso, utilizamos interações presenciais na modalidade Tandem como meio para que que surdos e ouvintes possam, colaborativamente, caminhar na aquisição dessas línguas.