bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventilator-Free Days in Neonatal Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Phatigomet Manapat , Maneenil Gunlawadee , Dissaneevate Supaporn , Janjindamai Waricha , Kritsaneepaiboon Supika 
Published: January 2022

Objective This study aimed to compare the ventilator-free days (VFDs) at day 28 and the short-term outcomes in neonates with and without ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP and non-VAP groups).
Study Design We performed a cohort study in a Thai neonatal intensive care unit between 2014 and 2020 to identify the VFDs in VAP and non-VAP neonates. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results The incidences of VAP rates were 5.76% (67/1,163 neonates) and 10.86 per 1,000 (92/8,469) ventilator days. The medians (interquartile ranges [IQRs]) of gestational age and birth weight in the VAP versus non-VAP groups were 31 (27–35) versus 34 (30–38) weeks, and 1,495 (813–2,593) versus 2,220 (1,405–2,940) g (p < 0.001, both), respectively. The medians (IQRs) of VFDs at 28 days in the VAP and non-VAP groups were 5 (0–16) and 24 (20–26) days (p < 0.001). From the univariate analysis, the lower VFDs, longer ventilator days, and higher rates of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), postnatal steroids for BPD, length of stay, and daily hospital cost in the VAP group were significantly higher than in the non-VAP group. From the multivariate analysis, the VAP group had significantly lower VFDs (regression coefficient = −10.99, standard error = 1.11, p < 0.001) and higher BPD (adjusted risk ratio = 18.70; 95% confidence interval = 9.17–39.5, p < 0.001) than the non-VAP group.
Conclusion Neonatal VAP lead to lower VFDs and a higher frequency of BPD. A multimodal strategy with a VAP prevention bundle care should be used in indicated cases to reduce the occurrence of neonatal VAP.
Key Points
Epidemiology and Clinicopathologic Study of Nonneoplastic Cystic Lesions of the Central Nervous System at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Meel Mukta , Choudhary Nikita , Singh Ashok , Mathur Kusum 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Nonneoplastic cysts of brain are a diverse group of benign lesions with variable etiopathogenesis. Due to different site and histogenesis, these lesions have wide clinicopathologic spectrum.
Objective The study was performed to evaluate epidemiology and clinicopathologic spectrum of nonneoplastic central nervous system (CNS) cysts highlighting the role of histopathology in the diagnosis as well as to compare the data with other institution's data available in literature.
Materials and Methods All nonneoplastic CNS cysts reported from January 2013 to June 2020 in the Department of Pathology of Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, were retrieved and reviewed. The data were evaluated for age, site, cyst wall lining, nature of cyst contents, and location (intracranial and spinal), using SPSS software version 20.0.
Results A total of 255 cases were reviewed with an incidence of 4.96% and an age range of 2 to 74 years with slight male preponderance. Among them there were 157, 34, 26, 24, and 2 cases of epidermoid, arachnoid, dermoid, colloid, and glioependymal cysts, respectively, and 1 case of perineural cyst. Infective cysts were much less common than noninfective cysts, accounting for two cases of neurocysticercosis and hydatid cysts each. All cyst types mainly presented with signs and symptoms of a mass lesion.
Conclusion Nonneoplastic cyst mainly presented like a CNS mass lesion with overlapping clinical features, and image finding revealing the key role of histopathological analysis. Epidermoids were the most common type of these cysts in the present series followed by the arachnoid cysts.
Y Stenting in Wide-Necked Bifurcation Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Chatterjee Apratim , Mahajan Anshu , Banga Vinit , Ojha Piyush , Goel Gaurav 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStent-assisted coiling is an endovascular means of managing wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms. In spite of the wide availability of various newer devices in managing such difficult aneurysms, the Y stenting offers a safe and cost-effective alternative to treat such cases in resource poor settings. This article provides an insight of our initial six cases of Y stent-assisted coiling along with their follow-up over a period of 6 months with no recanalization in any case. It also highlights the various technical aspects involved in such cases. One case had recurrent subdural hematoma probably due to use of antiplatelets and another patient had sudden dip in level of consciousness probably due to hematoma expansion that might also have been due to antiplatelet usage. However, none of the cases had any issues regarding stent migration, malapposition, and dissection. In our experience, Neuroform Atlas stent used for Y stenting offers a safe and technically easy alternative to various newer bifurcation devices.
Chemical Angioplasty with Nitroglycerin for Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Case Series and Review
Authors: Gatto Luana Antunes Maranha , Gallo Bruno Henrique Dallo , Koppe Gelson Luis , Demartini Zeferino 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Vasospasm is a common and potentially devastating complication in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, causing high morbidity and mortality. There is no effective and consistent way to prevent or treat cerebral vasospasm capable of altering the morbidity and mortality of this complication. Animal and human studies have attempted to show improvement in aneurysmal vasospasm. Some sought their prevention; others, the treatment of already installed vasospasm. Some achieved only angiographic improvement without clinical correlation, others achieved both, but with ephemeral duration or at the expense of very harmful associated effects. Endovascular techniques allow immediate and aggressive treatment of cerebral vasospasm and include methods such as mechanical and chemical angioplasty. These methods have risks and benefits.
Objectives To analyze the results of chemical angioplasty using nitroglycerin (GTN). In addition, to perform a comprehensive review and analysis of aneurysmal vasospasm.
Methods We describe our series of 77 patients treated for 8 years with angioplasty for vasospasm, either mechanical (with balloon), chemical (with GTN) or both.
Results Eleven patients received only balloon; 37 received only GTN; 29 received both. Forty-four patients (70.1%) evolved with delayed cerebral ischemia and 19 died (mortality of 24.7%). Two deaths were causally related to the rupture of the vessel by the balloon. The only predictors of poor outcome were the need for external ventricular drainage in the first hours of admission, and isolated mechanical angioplasty.
Conclusions Balloon angioplasty has excellent results, but it is restricted to proximal vessels and is not without complications. Chemical angioplasty using nitroglycerin has reasonable but short-lived results and further research is needed about it. It is restricted to vasospasm angioplasties only in hospitals, like ours, where better and more potent vasodilator agents are not available.
Paradoxical Brain Herniation after Cranioplasty: Secondary Sunken Flap Syndrome
Authors: Singla Navneet , Latawa Archit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving procedure done for innumerable etiologies. Though, not a technically demanding procedure, it has its own complications. Among many, sinking flap syndrome or syndrome of the trephined or paradoxical herniation of brain is frequently underestimated. It results from the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure and the intracranial pressure causing the brain to shift inward at the craniectomy site. This can present with either nonspecific symptoms leading to delay in diagnosis or acute neurological deterioration, memory disturbances, weakness, confusion, lethargy, and sometimes death if not treated. Cranioplasty is a time validated procedure used to treat paradoxical brain herniation with good and early neurological recovery. We, here in, are going to describe a case report in which the paradoxical herniation occurred after cranioplasty which has not been described in literature.
Laser-excited single crystal phosphor in white LED for wide field of view and high enhanced central brightness for vehicle headlights
Authors: Shih Hsing-Kun , Chang Yung-Peng , Liu Chun-Nien , Li Kenneth , Cheng Wood-Hi 
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the generation of a laser hotspot by a laser-excited single crystal phosphor (SCP) converter layer in a white LED for producing a wide field of view (FOV) and high enhanced central brightness (ECB) for an adaptive-driving-beam (ADB) headlight. The SCP layer shows better thermal quench behavior than other phosphor converter layers because of the higher melting temperature of 1940 °C and larger thermal conductivity of 11 W/m°C. The advantage of this study is an optical design of the ADB headlight, in which the generation, mechanism, and characterization of the laser hotspot are investigated in detail. The proposed scheme enables a wide FOV of ±16.8° and high ECB of the high beam, compliant with the Economic Commission for Europe regulation of vehicle headlights. The wide FOV provides better visibility, while the high ECB improves the long-distance illumination of the headlights. This proposed ADB headlight is a promising headlight candidate for use in the next-generation autonomous vehicle applications.
Amorphous Hf–O–Te as a selector via a modified conduction mechanism by Te content control
Authors: Hatayama Shogo , Saito Yuta , Uchida Noriyuki 
Published: January 2022

The resistive switching of an Ovonic threshold switch (OTS) material is characterized by Poole-Frenkel (PF) conduction and atomic rearrangement originating from chalcogen defects; thus, most OTS materials contain Se and/or Te. In addition to these chalcogen elements, As is included to form rigid amorphous networks. However, since As and Se are toxic, the development of As- and Se-free OTS materials is strongly desired. To realize As-free OTS materials that exhibit a comparable or even superior performance, a new strategy for material development should be established. In this study, we aimed to add Te to a HfO2 insulator to convert the electric conduction mechanism to PF conduction for realizing a selector function. The optical and electrical characteristics of Hf–O–Te ternary amorphous films with various Te contents were investigated. By changing the Te content, the optical bandgap was found to be tuned in the range of 0.46–5 eV, concomitantly with the modification of electrical properties. The electrical characteristics of the films demonstrated a strong compositional dependence, and Hf0.24O0.55Te0.21 was found to exhibit PF conduction, resulting in a selector function with a selectivity of approximately two orders of magnitude. These results indicate that the inclusion of a heavy chalcogen, such as Te, is effective in altering the conduction mechanism of transition-metal oxides and realizing a selector function.
Multichannel high peak power tunable duration pulse generation for the moving magnetic trap decelerator
Authors: Narevicius Julia , Narevicius Edvardas 
Published: January 2022

We present a multichannel setup capable of generating high peak power tunable duration pulses. Our architecture is based on a configurable RLC circuit and allows generation of 1120 current pulses, with the variable duration spanning 14–212 µs with 1 µs resolution and the peak current reaching 500 A. We use silicon controlled rectifier based multiplexing to deliver current pulses to dedicated inductors that generate 0.8 T strong magnetic fields that create a moving magnetic trap for paramagnetic particles in a supersonic beam.
PDGF-D−PDGFRβ signaling enhances IL-15–mediated human natural killer cell survival
Authors: Ma Shoubao , Tang Tingting , Wu Xiaojin , Mansour Anthony G. , Lu Ting , Zhang Jianying , Wang Li-Shu , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to a critical innate arm of host immunity against viral infection and malignancies. However, limited expansion and persistence of NK cells in vivo remain major challenges for NK cell-based therapy. Here, we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-D−PDGF receptor-beta signaling—a potent stimulator of cell growth and motility—activates NK cells in an autocrine manner and contributes to interleukin-15–mediated NK cell survival but not effector functions, the latter of which were previously shown to depend on the binding of PDGF-D to the NKp44 receptor. Therefore, selectively introducing PDGF signaling into NK cells should benefit NK cell expansion and persistence and/or enhance effector function in NK cell-based immunotherapies.
Intestinal commensal microbiota and cytokines regulate Fut2+Paneth cells for gut defense
Authors: Kamioka Mariko , Goto Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Kiminori , Yokoi Yuki , Sugimoto Rina , Ohira Shuya , Kurashima Yosuke , Umemoto Shingo , Sato Shintaro , Kunisawa Jun , Takahashi Yu , Domino Steven E. , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Nakae Susumu , Iwakura Yoichiro , Ernst Peter B. , Ayabe Tokiyoshi , Kiyono Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

SignificancePaneth cells produce granules containing antimicrobial peptides, such as α-defensin for host defense. Examination of the production and utilization of fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) by Paneth cells revealed two distinct subsets: Fut2+Paneth cells and Fut2−Paneth cells. Compared with Fut2−Paneth cells, Fut2+Paneth cells were enriched in granules containing antimicrobial peptides. IL-22 and IL-17a were found to be essential for commensal bacteria-dependent Fut2+Paneth cell development and function as part of gut defense.
Why postmortems fail
Authors: Jervis Robert 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceLearning from past experiences—especially failures—is central to progress in human affairs. Knowing this, organizations, and especially governments, often conduct postmortems after important policies fail. Unfortunately, however, the combination of political pressures and psychological biases usually leads to the use of flawed social science methods, which make the results of the studies limited and often misleading.
Analysis of the use of Japanese mimetics in the eating and imagined eating of rice crackers
Authors: Uno Ryoko , Kobayashi Fumiyuki , Shinohara Kazuko , Odake Sachiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how Japanese mimetics are used to verbally express the texture of rice crackers in real and imagined cases. Two experiments were conducted to test whether the use of mimetics varies when eating rice crackers as opposed to merely imagining eating rice crackers. The analysis of the mimetics used to express the physically perceived texture and the imagined texture of the rice crackers shows that these two situations may have different prototypes of rice crackers. This study suggests that the degree of iconicity of the same mimetics can vary according to the contexts in which they are used.
Verbs of eating
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The chapter explains how kuu and taberu, two major verbs of eating in Japanese, emerged, developed, and changed their literal and figurative meanings. Both verbs began their life distinctly. Kuu emerged from the active zone, while societal structures gave rise to taberu. This difference is reflected in two facets of culture, labeled Culture 1 and Culture 2, which embrace adversity and hierarchical society, respectively, revealing two social attributes that are historically prevalent in Japan. Today’s usages of taberu and kuu show a shift in the selection of active zones and a shift from metonymy to metaphor. Drawing upon kuu’s current tendency to withdraw from figurative expression, the chapter suggests that metonymy and metaphor can effect a clear division of labor.
Clear is sweet
Authors: Fukushima Hiroki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Taste terms such as soft for wine often have a special meaning that differs from their general definition. This chapter proposes a way to define terms of Japanese sake taste by employing (1) a usage-based approach, (2) “encyclopedic semantics” rather than a “dictionary view,” and (3) sense-making theory (Fukaya & Tanaka, 1996; Tanaka & Fukaya, 1998), drawing on data from a “sake tasting description corpus.” Sixteen high-frequency adjectivals (e.g., yawarakai ‘soft’) are selected and their sense(s) defined in a bottom-up and abductive fashion based on scores indicating the strength of co-occurrence between terms. The suggestion is that the target terms can have a sense related to taste, flavor, texture, time flow, etc. not normally provided by an ordinary dictionary.
A frame-semantic approach to Japanese taste terms
Authors: Sakaguchi Kei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a frame-semantic account of the meanings of Japanese taste terms, analyzing 5,620 instances of collocations, consisting of an adjectival taste term and a noun, such as shibui kao ‘lit. astringent face’. It first defines the literal sense of the taste terms, identifying what frame is evoked by not only using but also adjusting the definitions and set of arguments from FrameNet (an English resource) to fit the case of Japanese. It then considers the sense extensions. The findings include the following: both the literal and the extended senses can imply (un)desirability; the semantic change can be accounted for by identifying frames of both literal and figurative uses that prop up the lexical meanings.
Applying force dynamics to analyze taste descriptions in Japanese online columns
Authors: Abe Sayaka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes taste descriptions, applying force dynamics (Talmy, 1988), which uses a schematic structure to characterize force relations. I extracted 90 descriptions from online food columns to examine causal interactions in which Food acts upon Taster or on another Food, to find that they can be classified into four basic force relations. The influenced entity can: undergo a change (caused); overcome a blockage (overcoming); be prevented from changing (blocked); or remain unchanged despite a force acting against it/her (persevering). The classification reveals that the caused pattern is predominant, indicating that Food or Taster tends to be conceptualized as a malleable entity that “gives in” to (another) Food.
Grimm’s Law and Verner’s Law
Authors: Stenbrenden Gjertrud F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper gives a unified account of Grimm’s and Verner’s Laws in light of findings from experimental phonetics. The Germanic stress shift and stress placement shift are separate phenomena, and I argue that Iverson & Salmons’ (2003) shift in ‘articulatory setting’ corresponds to the former, and that the shift in how prosodic emphasis was expressed, from high pitch to dynamic stress, set Grimm’s Law in motion, because a phonetic correlate of dynamic stress is higher subglottal pressure. Increased subglottal pressure induced aspiration, affrication and spirantisation in Proto-Indo-European (PIE) voiceless stops and devoicing in voiced stops. The voiced aspirates became fricatives, which were allophones of voiced stops; these fricative allophones later fell together with the main plosive allophones to produce Germanic voiced stops.
Syntactic changes in verbal clauses and noun phrases from 1500 onwards
Authors: Schneider Gerold 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Can the promise of data-driven methods hold in historical linguistics? Can they detect salient syntactic changes and open new research avenues? I first use data-driven measures to detect patterns in the ARCHER corpus. Secondly, I qualitatively interpret the differences and build hypotheses. Thirdly, I validate these, with the Penn Corpora, investigating frequency and creativity. We observe several trends – among them: verbal (‘Doric’) style is decreasing, nominal (‘Attic’) style is increasing. A cascade from full to non-finite clause, and from paratactic to hypotactic style unfolds. Furthermore, constituent order is increasingly becoming fixed, strengthening the principle of dependency length minimisation. While data-driven approaches entail a complex interpretation step, their holistic perspective goes beyond well-trodden envelopes of variation to more global language models.
On the development of OE swā to ModE so and related changes in an atypical group of demonstratives
Authors: König Ekkehard , Vezzosi Letizia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Building on previous comparative studies and comparative reconstructions (König 2012, 2015), we trace the syntactic and semantic development of OE swā, of its adverbial counterpart swylc and of þus to Modern English so, such and thus on the basis of relevant text corpora for OE and ME. In contrast to previous studies of swā in OE (cf. Schleburg 2002) and of so in ME (Nummenmaa 1973), it is shown that swā, swelc, thus and their counterparts in ModE are not isolated particles or adverbs, but are more adequately analysed as demonstratives of manner, quality and degree. Starting from a basic exophoric (gestural) use and its typical extensions to anaphoric and cataphoric uses, these expressions develop into a wide variety of grammatical markers in ModE.
How does causal connection originate?
Authors: Eseleva Anastasia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Old English causal connector
forþæm / forþon / forþy “because, therefore” in the
Alfredian translation of Boethius’s treatise De Consolatione
Philosophiae. This polyfunctional causal connector plays a
crucial role in the OE adaptation of the treatise, which is relatively
distant from its Latin source. Clauses with forþæm / forþon /
forþy correspond to various Latin structures (e.g., causal,
conditional, concessive, temporal, relative, and purpose clauses, or
ablative absolute) and support discourse coherence in the OE text. The study explores
the mechanisms behind the emergence of structures with explicit causality in
a translated text, from a translation studies perspective, and addresses the
problem of correlation of CCC-relations in the two texts.
Distributional changes in synonym sets
Authors: Pettersson-Traba Daniela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the diachronic development in 19th-
and 20th-century American English of the synonyms fragrant,
perfumed, and scented, which denote the
concept sweet-smelling. Their distributional patterns are examined
by means of conditional inference trees and collocational networks in order
to (1) uncover distinctions in meaning between the synonyms and (2)
determine the changes that the concept sweet-smelling has
experienced and their effect on the relationship between the synonyms.
Results indicate a significant split between entities denoting natural and
artificial smells, associated with fragrant and
perfumed, respectively. In turn,
scented is common in both senses. Moreover, a
significant increase of scented at the expense of
fragrant and perfumed emerges over
time, a fact which can be accounted for in terms of processes of attraction,
differentiation, and ongoing replacement.