bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Vulnerability and Cemetery Urbanization Areas
Authors: de Oliveira Anselmo E , Saba Elias D. , Saba Jordana M. , Mendes Thiago A. , Cavalcante Andre L. B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Water analysis and hydrological and geotechnical investigations were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of the decomposition of human bodies buried in a cemetery on aquifer vulnerability. Data collection on the unconfined aquifer from 2007 to 2018 took place at three monitoring wells built inside the cemetery area. Water quality monitoring through these years was evaluated for 25 analytical parameters (20 physicochemicals and 5 microbiologicals). Lab reports from neighboring cisterns located outside the cemetery area and carried out by the local sewage water company were also included in this work. Multivariate analyses from the water data showed a strong correlation between both iron contents and turbidity and the rainfall indicating a direct consequence of leaching from the soil (oxisol). According to the physical characterization data of the soil the unsaturated area above the aquifer favors the absorption of the body residuals by the soil, preventing it from reaching the aquifer. This work also found that collected water in areas outside the cemeteries and surrounding dwelling areas do not comply with federal norms for drinking water. In a conclusion, the water samples collected inside cemetery wells present low vulnerability to both subsurface and underground contamination.
Rapid epidemic expansion of Sars-Cov-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant during China’s largest outbreaks
Authors: Dai Yeyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A complete and accurate statistic panorama and analysis of cases contracted Sars-Cov-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant are given under the conditions of strict mandatory quarantine and isolation and of high rate of full vaccination. Sars-Cov-2 is still new and human know little about either its direction of variation or its propagation laws. No country other than China has been able to disclose every infected case and to have the data of heavily intervened large outbreaks. Here my study reveals that the BA.2 subvariant can still spread very fast and wide in areas with strict “dynamic zero-Covid Policy” in China, that there exist in different cities as much as twenty-time big differences of morbidity rate unrelated to any of the influence factors known and that Omicron BA.2 subvariant is unpredictable of its virulence though its severe rate of confirmed cases is low. This analysis provides a first-hand solitary and valuable information for further research of similar epidemic in the future. It may bring new thoughts for correction of present epidemiologic theory and mathematic models. It may also give other countries time to be better prepared for the coming 6th wave driven by Omicron BA.2.
An unusual case of a traumatic splenic rupture masquerading as myocardial ischemia: A case report
Authors: Munasinghe B.M , Fernando U.P.M. , Kumar Thileep 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSpleen is one of the frequently injured abdominal organs during trauma which could result in intraperitoneal bleeding of life-threatening magnitude. Even though, splenic injury ensuing trivial trauma accounts for a minor fraction of splenic injury and might go unnoticed, delayed or missed diagnosis and management could result in a complicated clinical course.Case DescriptionOne such event is presented here, wherein late diagnosis of an advanced grade splenic injury following a trivial trauma initially presented in disguise as acute myocardial ischemia in a previously healthy South Asian lady in her late 30s. Emergency laparotomy and splenectomy were performed with simultaneous massive transfusion for a 3.5-liter blood loss. She had an uncomplicated clinical course with regular surgical follow-up. ConclusionSplenic injuries might present with atypical symptoms such as uncharacteristic chest pain and shoulder pain, necessitating attending clinicians to have a high degree of suspicion especially in busy units such as the emergency department.
AI-Based Automated Speech Therapy Tools for persons with Speech Sound Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Deka Chinmoy , Shrivastava Abhishek , Nautiyal Saurabh , Chauhan Praveen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic literature review of published studies on AI-based automated speech therapy tools for persons with speech sound disorders (SSD). The COVID-19 pandemic has initiated the requirement for automated speech therapy tools for persons with SSD making speech therapy accessible and affordable. However, there are no guidelines for designing such automated tools and their required degree of automation compared to human experts. In this systematic review, we followed the PRISMA framework to address four research questions: 1) what types of SSD do AI-based automated speech therapy tools address, 2) what is the level of autonomy achieved by such tools, 3) what are the different modes of intervention, and 4) how effective are such tools in comparison with human experts. An extensive search was conducted on digital libraries to find research papers relevant to our study from 2007 to 2022. The results show that AI-based automated speech therapy tools for persons with SSD are increasingly gaining attention among researchers. Articulation disorders were the most frequently addressed SSD based on the reviewed papers. Further, our analysis shows that most researchers proposed fully automated tools without considering the role of other stakeholders. Our review indicates that mobile-based and gamified applications were the most frequent mode of intervention. The results further show that only a few studies compared the effectiveness of such tools compared to expert Speech-Language Pathologists (SLP). Our paper presents the state-of- the-art in the field, contributes significant insights based on the research questions, and provides suggestions for future research directions.
Risky anatomical variations of sphenoid sinus and surrounding structures in endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Fadda Gian Luca , Petrelli Alessio , Urbanelli Anastasia , Castelnuovo Paolo , Bignami Maurizio , Crosetti Erika , Succo Giovanni , Cavallo Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the relationship between the SS and surrounding vital structures such as the internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve canal (ONC) as well as the types of attachment of the sphenoidal septa onto these structures.Methods In total, 230 computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed to study the type of sphenoid sinus pneumatization (SSP), the protrusion and dehiscence of the ICA and ONC, the relationship between the sphenoidal septa and surrounding vital structures as well as pterygoid recess pneumatization (PRP).Results The most common SSP was sellar type (58.7%). The rates of protrusion and dehiscence of the ICA were 26.3% and 0.4%, and for the ONC, they were 13% and 1.5%, respectively. The ICA and ONC were most protruded and dehiscent in more extensive SSP. In 21.6% of patients, the intersphenoidal septa (IS) were attached to the wall of the ICA and in 8.6% they were attached to the wall of the ONC. The attachment of IS to the ICA correlated statistically significantly (p<0.0001) with protrusion of the ICA. Accessory septa were detected in 30.4% of cases with various sites of attachment.Conclusion To reduce the risk of injury and complications during ESS, surgeons should consider using CT to identify possible bulging and dehiscence of the ICA/ONC and their relationship to the extent of SSP and also to establish the presence of deviation of the sphenoid septum, and the presence of accessory septa.
Development of a mathematical model of Multiple Linear Regression, with Factor Analysis, to predict the settlement of a landfill in Southern Brazil
Authors: Dai-Prá Léa Beatriz , Gomes Luciana Paulo , Carlson Renato Luiz Romera , Caetano Marcelo Oliveira , Grondona Atílio Efrain Bica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Several researches have been developed, since the 1970s, to determine the behavior of landfills. An example of these studies is the application of mathematical models to predict settlements. This work aimed to develop a mathematical model for prediction of settlements, applied to the landfill in the city of São Leopoldo - RS, Brazil, managed by the Companhia Riograndense de Valorização de Residuos (CRVR). A mathematical model was developed to predict the landfill settlements under study, by means of a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) statistical analysis, including Factor Analysis by the Principal Components method, via Varimax Rotation. The model used the CRVR leachate monitoring parameters, dated from 2014 to 2018, and presented an adherence of 80% to the actual settlement data. It was found that the use of settlement prediction models, through MLR analysis, is adequate for estimating the lifecycle of landfills, as long as some adjustments are made in monitoring the data (frequency of monitoring and continuous monitoring of parameters). It must also be considered that each landfill has its particularities, being necessary a case-by-case analysis in order to make sure that the model meets the landfill under study.
A community-based confinement strategy to reduce the spread of Ebola Virus Disease: An analysis of the 2018-2020 outbreak in the DRC.
Authors: Keita Mory , Polonsky Jonathan A. , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Ilumbulumbu Michel Kalongo , Dakissaga Adama , Boiro Hamadou , Anoko Julienne Ngoundoung , Diassy Lamine , Ngwama John Kombe , Tosalisana Michel Kasereka , Nsio Justus , Chérif Ibrahima Sory , Boland Samuel T. , Delamou Alexandre , Yam Abdoulaye , Gueye Abdou Salam , Flahault Antoine , Dagron Stephanie , Keiser Olivia , Fall Ibrahima Socé 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDespite tremendous progress on Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), challenges remain in the implementation of holistic strategies to quickly stop outbreaks. We investigated the effectiveness of a community-based confinement strategy to limit the spread of EVD during the tenth documented EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 2018 - 2020.MethodsWe did a community-based, open-label, two-group, unrandomized controlled intervention. Eligible participants were EVD contacts registered by epidemiological surveillance teams from November 2019 to May 2020 in the two last hotspots (Beni and Mabalako Health Zones). Intervention group participants were confined in specific community sites of their preference for the duration of their follow-up. Control group participants underwent CT without confinement and were allowed to continue their daily activities. The primary outcome was the number of confirmed secondary cases in the two groups. Secondary outcomes included delay between symptom onset and isolation, case fatality rate, survival rate, and vaccination rate. Data were analyzed using various quantitative methods.FindingsA total of 27,324 EVD contacts were included in the study. 585 contacts were confined and followed up (‘the intervention group’), and 26,739 were followed up without confinement. The intervention group generated 32 confirmed cases (5.5%) in the first generation, while the control group generated just 87 (0.3%). However, the 32 confirmed cases from the intervention contacts did not generate any onward transmission (R=0.00), whereas the 87 confirmed cases from the non-intervention group generated 99 secondary cases (R = 1.14). Results for the secondary outcomes showed significant difference between the two groups. The delay between symptom onset and case isolation was shorter (1.3 vs 4.8 days; p<0.0000), CFR lower (12.5% vs. 52.9%; p=0.0001), and vaccination rate higher (86.0% vs 56.8%; p<0.0000) in the intervention group compared to the control group. A significant difference was also found between intervention and control groups in survival rate at the 16-day follow-up (87.9% vs. 47.7%, respectively; p=0.0004).InterpretationThe community-based confinement strategy used in DRC is effective for the rapid cessation of EVD transmission, highlighting the importance of rapidly implemented, innovative and community-oriented control strategies.
Structural Transformation Path Across Countries: Is it a Systematic Pattern?
Authors: Padder Altaf Hussain , Mathavan B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The structural transformation across the economic sectors is one of the prominent features that go together with economic development. The paper scrutinizes whether developing and low-income countries follow a similar path and pattern of structural transformation by which the developed countries are following or following this threshold and are now experiencing a shift from the industrial sector to the service sector. The structural transformation paths of developed countries are almost identical, but the pattern of sectoral output shares varies from that of developing countries. The research reveals a fascinating finding i.e., low-income countries outperform middle-income countries and some major countries in terms of the pace of structural transformation from agriculture to the service sector.
Identification of commensals and molecular components mediating trypsin degradation in the large intestine
Authors: Honda Kenya , Atarashi Koji , Sasajima Satoshi , Wang Zhujun , Nishiyama Keita , Matsunaga Takahiro , Zhang Xiaoxi , Olle Bernat , Norman Jason , Suda Wataru , Hattori Masahira , Watanabe Kazuto , Watanabe Eiichiro , Fujishiro Jun , Matsuyama Shutoku , Ujike Makoto , Li Youxian , Kawashima Yusuke , Ohara Osamu , Kearney Sean , Plichta Damian , Xavier Ramnik , Ang Qi Yan , Wu Runrun , Furuichi Munehiro , Takeshita Kozue , Yoshida Koji , Namkoong Ho , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Ishii Makoto , Fukunaga Koichi , Hasegawa Naoki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is constitutively exposed to proteases including trypsin, a serine protease originating from the pancreas1. Elevated trypsin levels in the large intestine have been implicated in pathological conditions including infectious and inflammatory bowel disease2-4. Here we show that trypsin is regulated via degradation by members of the gut microbiota. After passing through the small intestine, trypsin activity is markedly reduced in the caecum of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice, whereas germ-free (GF) mice have high luminal trypsin levels. We have successfully identified and isolated Paraprevotella strains from the faecal microbiome of healthy human donors as potent trypsin-degrading commensals. Mechanistically, Paraprevotella recruit trypsin to the bacterial surface through type IX secretion system-dependent polysaccharide-anchoring proteins and promote trypsin autolysis. Paraprevotella colonization protects IgA from trypsin degradation and enhances the effectiveness of oral vaccines against Citrobacter rodentium. Moreover, Paraprevotella colonization inhibits lethal infection with murine hepatitis virus, a mouse coronavirus dependent on trypsin and trypsin-like proteases for entry into host cells5,6. Congruently, carriage of putative genes involved in trypsin degradation in the gut microbiome was associated with reduced diarrhoea severity in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Therefore, trypsin-degrading commensal colonization may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and protection from pathogen infection.
Atoms in Gaseous and Solid States and their Energy and Force Relationships under Transitional Behaviors
Authors: Ali Mubarak 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By recalling the conventional studies of the atoms, it is possible to discover the new insights tackling the present and future challenges. Atoms of different elements are formed by the electrons and energy knots. In different elements, atoms are recognized on the basis of numbers of electrons and energy knots. The intercrossing of photons in fixed lengths and numbers constructs the lattice of an atom depending on how many filled and unfilled states in its element are allocated. In intercrossing, the centers of the overt photons remain fixed at a common point. Gaseous atoms keep different schemes of intercrossing overt photons from solid atoms. Except for hydrogen atom, the atoms possess the same valency as specified for them. In the hydrogen atom, two electrons are occupied by the two energy knots. In the helium atom, four electrons are occupied by the four energy knots. A helium atom is related to the zeroth ring in all higher order atoms. In order to validate these aforementioned statements, the concept of considering protons and neutrons is no longer significant. As far as the gaseous atoms are concerned, electrons possess minimum required potential energy. In more than half the length, the electrons remain above the middle of occupied energy knots in the gaseous atoms. Electrons keep on experiencing maximum required levitational force along the north pole. In solid atoms, electrons possess maximum required potential energy. In more than half the length, the electrons remain below the middle of occupied energy knots in the solid atoms. Electrons keep on experiencing maximum required gravitational force along the south pole. Under the established relation of energy and force, atoms undertake the transition states. In the transition, electrons of the atom deal with infinitesimal displacements by remaining within the occupied energy knots. Related orientational force keeps on exerting to the electrons introducing the recovery, neutral, re-crystallization and liquid states for their atoms. In the conversion of gaseous atom into the liquid state, electrons left to the center of atom orientate north to east clockwise, and electrons right to the centre of atom orientate north to west anti-clockwise. In the conversion of solid atom into the liquid state, electrons left to the center of atom orientate south to east anti-clockwise, and electrons right to the center of atom orientate south to west clockwise. These fundamental revolutions shed new light on the development of science and engineering of materials.
Association between triglyceride–glucose index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen En , Li Wei , Wang Yan , He Feng , Liu Zhuo , Dong Jie , Zhang Yuqi , Li Tianfang , Liu Shengyun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Lipid and glucose metabolism abnormalities are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index is a recently developed indicator that can identify individuals at risk for NAFLD. However, the applicability of the TyG index for identifying NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the TyG index to identify individuals at risk for NAFLD in the T2DM population.Methods: A total of 2280 participants with T2DM were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The TyG index was calculated, and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of the TyG index, glycemic parameters and lipid parameters with NAFLD.Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that the TyG index was significantly associated with NAFLD in subjects with T2DM, the odds ratio (OR) were 3.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03–5.27; P < 0.001) for NAFLD in the highest TyG quartile after adjustment for known confounders (Model 4). In stratified analysis, an elevated TyG index is significantly associated with NAFLD in younger patients (<65 years; OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.83–3.02; P < 0.001), females (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.67–4.32; P < 0.001), patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.01–3.91; P < 0.0001), and with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1 mmol/L; OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.98–3.83; P < 0.001).Conclusion: The TyG index is remarkably associated with NAFLD and shows superior ability for identify NAFLD risk compared with other lipid and glycemic parameters in the T2DM population.
The influence of morphologic grading and COS protocol on the outcome of Day 5 versus Day 6 single fresh blastocyst transfers: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes
Authors: Chen Zhilan , Wei Li , Xiao Cong , Li Yanmin , Gong Aidong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the blastocyst morphologic grading and the protocol of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) would influence effect estimates, aiming to provide guidance when choosing blastocyst transfer. Methods The clinical data of 612 patients who received single fresh blastocyst transplantation for first cycle, as well as the data of 253 patients who had already delivered were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to blastocyst formation time (D5 or D6). The following subgroup analyses were performed: (i) the morphologic grading of blastocyst. and (ii) the protocol of COS. Results We observed that D5 single embryo transfer (SET) were associated with higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR, 59.04% VS 31.73%) and live birth rate (LBR, 43.90% VS 24.04%) than D6 SET following fresh cycle. Patients in D5 group experienced more good blastocysts transfer (45.47% VS 13.46%) and less poor blastocysts transfer (9.64% VS 45.19%) than patients in D6 group. As to early stage and good quality blastocysts, the CPR and LBR were similar between D5 and D6 group. GnRHa antagonist protocol had a demonstrable inferiority comparing with the GnRHa follicular or luteal phase protocol with regard to the CPR and LBR in D6-SET group.Conclusions The analysis found that ovarian reserve of patients in D6-SET group was comparatively worse than that of patients in D5-SET group and D6-SET patients represented a subgroup of infertility patients usually having relatively poor embryo quality.
Strategies in Medicinal Chemistry to Discover New Hit Compounds against Ebola Virus: Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Discovery
Authors: dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , da Silva Santos-Júnior Paulo Fernando , de Araújo-Júnior João Xavier , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Ebola Virus (EBOV) is an infectious disease that mainly affects the cardiovascular system. It belongs to the Filoviridae family, consisting of filamentous envelopes and non-segmented negative RNA genome. EBOV was initially identified in Sudan and Zaire (now named the Democratic Republic of Congo) around 1967. It is transmitted mainly by contact with secretions (blood, sweat, saliva, and tears) from infected wild animals, such as non-human primates and bats. It has gained more prominence in recent years due to the recent EBOV outbreaks that occurred from 2013 to 2016, resulting in approximately 28,000 infected individuals, with a mortality rate of 40- 70%, affecting mainly Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. Despite these alarming levels, there is still no FDA-approved drug for the effective treatment of these diseases. The most advanced drug to treat EBOV is remdesivir. However, it is a high-cost drug and is available only for intravenous use. In this sense, more investments are needed in the research focused on the development of new antiviral drugs. In this context, medicinal chemistry strategies have been improving and increasingly discovering new hits that can be used in the future as a treatment against these diseases. Thus, this review will address the main advances in medicinal chemistry, such as drug discovery through computational techniques (virtual screening and virtual high throughput screening), drug repurposing, phenotypic screening assays, and employing classical medicinal chemistry, such as bioisosterism, metabolism-based drug design, and the discovery of new inhibitors through natural products, thereby presenting several promising compounds that may contain the advance of these pathogens.