bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cotton Aphid Control in Louisiana—Macon Ridge Ii, 1990
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Long D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted at the Northeast Research Station (Macon Ridge Branch) to evaluate the efficacy of 10 treatments against cotton aphids in nonirrigated cotton planted 25 Apr. The field was treated with 2 applications of Ammo (0.025 lb [AI]/acre) in Jun to stimulate cotton aphid infestations. Test plots consisted of 4 rows on 40-inch centers × 65 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Plots were treated on 18 Jul and sampled on 20 Jul (2 DAT) and 25 Jul (7 DAT). Efficacy of the treatments was evaluated in 2 plant horizons by sampling the plant terminal (all shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) and the first main stem leaf at the bottom of the plant. Twenty samples in each horizon were collected from each plot and held in glass jars. Aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm) and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. The test plots received 0.2-inches rainfall on 18 Aug and 4-inches rainfall on 20 Aug.
Effect of Foliar Fertilizer (22% Urea) on Aphid Control Test-Ii, 1990
Authors: Long D. W. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 5 treatments and a control replicated 5 times. Cotton was planted on 26 Apr with plots consisting of 6 rows (40 in) × 50 ft and foliar sprays were applied with a hi-clearance utility tractor equipped with a compressed air delivery system. Treatments were applied on 25 Jul and evaluations were made on 27 Jul and 1 Aug. The plots had not been treated previously and plant height at treatment initiation ranged from 30-48 inches. Effectiveness on aphid populations was evaluated by randomly collecting 20 plant terminals from the center 2 rows of each plot and placing them immediately into 0.95 liter glass jars. In the laboratory, 10 ml of sodium hypochlorite (5.25%), 5 ml of dilute liquid detergent solution, and 500 ml of tap water were added to the glass jars. Following vigorous agitation, the contents of the jars were poured onto a no. 30 metal sieve and plants were thoroughly washed to dislodge remaining aphids, which were funneled into 300-mesh sieves. Contents of the 300-mesh sieve were backwashed into a Buchner filter apparatus (7 cm diam) containing ruled filter paper. Numbers of aphids were determined using a Zeiss binocular stereoscope at 12 × magnification. No rainfall was recorded between 25 and 27 Jul and 0.5 in. of rain was recorded on 31 Jul.
Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Control in Peanuts in North Florida, 1989
Authors: Funderburk J. E. , Gorbet D. W. , Brown A. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located in Jackson County, Fla., and planted 23 May. Plot size was 4 rows × 30 ft with a 36-inch row spacing. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. All insecticide treatments were applied on 1 Aug with a 2-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer that was equipped with 3, D3 nozzles/row. These chemicals were applied at about 36 psi, with the amount of spray about 25 gal/acre. The density of CEW and FAW larvae in each plot was estimated 3, 8, 14, and 21 days later on 4, 9, 15, and 22 Aug, respectively, by taking 10 sweeps/plot with a 15-inch diam sweepnet.
Thrips Control in Seedling Peanuts in North Florida, 1990
Authors: Funderburk J. E. , Gorbet D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located in Jackson County, Fla., planted 27 Apr. Plot size was 4 rows × 20 ft with a 36-inch row spacing. Granular treatments were applied at planting in a 7-inch band over the row, by using a granular applicator attached to the planter. These in-furrow insecticide treatments were released between the seed-furrow openers and the press wheels. Spray insecticide treatments were applied on 11 May with a 2-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer that was equipped with 3, D3 nozzles/row. These chemicals were applied at about 36 psi, with the amount of spray about 25 gal/acre. The density of thrips in terminal buds was estimated in each untreated control and granular insecticide treatment on 11 May and in plots of all treatments on 18 May, 25 May, and 1 Jun. Each thrips sample consisted of 8 terminal buds selected from the 2 outer rows of a plot on each sample date. A terminal bud consisted of all unexpanded leaves on the end of a stem. Each sample was placed in a labeled vial containing 70% ethyl alcohol. The number of thrips in each sample was determined by searching the contents of each vial under a 7 to 15 × dissecting scope. Adults from samples in the control plots were identified to species.
Evaluation of Dimilin Bran-Bait for Rangeland Grasshopper Control, 1990
Authors: Bomar Charles R. , Lockwood Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 1% Dimilin bran-bait was applied to a rangeland site in Platte County, Wyo. Treatments were randomly assigned to nine, 10-acre plots such that 3 plots each were: untreated controls, treated with 1.0 lb of bran bait/acre, or treated with 2.0 lb of bran bait/acre, using a Peacock Industries truck-mounted bran spreader on 15 Jun. For each plot, grasshopper densities were estimated by taking 54 visualized 1.0 ft2 samples. Grasshopper community structure was determined by collecting 50-250 grasshoppers with a 12 inch diam sweep net. These sampling procedures were conducted immediately prior to treatment and 7, 14, and 21 DAT. Fisher's protected LSD post-ANOVA test was used to evaluate differences in grasshopper densities at each sampling time. Chi-square analysis was used to statistically assess differences in species and age distribution as a function of treatment. Mortality rates were calculated after correcting for mortality and development in the control plots.
Evaluation of Dimilin 1% Bran Bait for Grasshopper Control on Rangeland, 1990
Authors: Wang T. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 150-acre area of rangeland near Edgemont, S. Dak. was chosen for evaluating efficacy of Dimilin (diflubenzuron) 1.0% bran bait against rangeland grasshoppers. The vegetation in the test site was dominated by cool and warm season perennial grasses. Percent basal coverage by all plant species ranged from 45-60%. The test site was divided into 9 contiguous plots of 12 acres. Pre- and posttreatment grasshopper densities were assessed by counting grasshoppers in 40, 0.1 m2 rings located in the center of each plot. Before application of treatments, Aulocara elliotti were 20% second, 40% third and 25% fourth instars, and Ageneotettix deorum and Amphitornus coloradus were 70% second and 30% third instars and the 3 species respectively constituted 53, 22 and 10% of the grasshopper population in the study site. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The 9 plots were grouped into 3 blocks with grasshopper population estimates recorded using 1 d pretreatment counts. Dimilin bait was applied at 1.0 and 2.0 lb of bran flakes/acre rates from a Brie-Mar Model 60 bran applicator mounted on a pickup truck on 19 Jun and calibrations were based on a 13 m swath. Posttreatment counts were conducted 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAT. The natural change in grasshopper densities was determined by counts from untreated plots. Percent survival based on pretreatment counts on the same treated plot was adjusted for the natural population fluctuations by a modified Abbott's formula and expressed as percent grasshopper reduction.
Efficacy of two Toxicants as Bran Bait for the Bigheaded Grasshopper, 1990
Authors: Wang T. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two toxicants on wheat bran bait were compared in field cages for their efficacies against the bigheaded grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti in Belle Fourche, S. Dak. The dense vegetation in the test site was dominated by western wheatgrass, Agropyron smithii Rydb., blue gramma, Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) and buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. Field cages (1 m2) were placed on the test site and freed of grasshoppers and other predators. Lorsban (chlorpyrifos), formulated as 1 and 3% bran bait, and Carbaryl, formulated as 2% bran bait, were applied on 31 Jul to the cages at rates equivalent to 2 or 4 lb of bran flakes/acre to simulate field application. Each cage was then stocked with 20 females (ca. 10-d old adults) of Aulocara elliotti which had been starved for 24 h after being collected in the vicinity of the study site. Eight cages were used for each treatment and 16 for the untreated control. Grasshopper mortalities were recorded 5 DAT and the data were transformed using arcsin x prior to analysis.
Control of Soybean Insects in Mississippi, 1990
Authors: Layton Blake , Hamer Jim , Smith Randy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Registered soybean insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against soybean looper, velvetbean caterpillar and threecornered alfalfa hopper. Treatments were applied on 24 Aug with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray/acre through 8001 flat-fan nozzle tips at 40 psi. Row spacing was 38 inches, and plots were 8 rows wide × 50 ft long and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were sampled at 2, 7, and 14 DAT using a 15-inch-diam sweep net. Pretreatment counts taken around the periphery of the plot area revealed an average soybean looper population of 15.7/25 sweeps. No rainfall occurred prior to the 7 DAT sample date.
Control of Soybean Insect Pests—Macon Ridge II, 1990
Authors: Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted at the Sweet Potato Research Station near Chase, La., to evaluate insecticide efficacy against foliage feeding Lepidoptera. Plots consisted of drilled soybeans 16.6-ft wide × 50-ft long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to a 14.4-ft strip (40-inch untreated border between plots) with a tractor mounted loom and compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre at 38 psi through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row). Treatments were applied on 13 Sep in Test I and on 14 Sep in Test II. Samples were taken at 2 and 7 DAT using one 50-sweep sample with a standard 15-inch diam sweep net. The test plots received 0.2-inch of rainfall on 14 Sep and 0.1-inch rainfall on 17 Sep.
Control of Bean Leaf Beetle, Banded Cucumber Beetle, and Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper on Soybean in Louisiana, 1990
Authors: Wier Alan T. , Mink Jeffrey S. , Boethel David J. , Roger Leonard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four tests were conducted to examine the efficacy of selected insecticides against soybean insect pests. Tests I and II were conducted on Delta Pine 105' soybeans at Hamburg, La. Plots measuring 60 ft (Test I) and 50 ft (Test II) × 8 rows (30 inch row spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre at 40 psi through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Treatment occurred on 30 Aug and 1 Sep for Test I and Test II, respectively. Insects were sampled with a 15-inch-diam sweep net at 2 and 5 or 7 DAT. Approximately 0.4 inch of rain fell on 5 Sep. Tests III and IV were conducted on 'Centennial' soybeans at the Macon Ridge Branch, Northeast Research Station, Winnsboro, La. Plots measured 50 ft × 4 rows (40 inch row spacing) and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a compressed air, tractor mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre at 38 psi through X12 hollow cone nozzles. Treatment occurred on 11 Sep and 18 Sep for Test III and Test IV, respectively. Insects were sampled with a 15-inch-diam sweep net at 2 and 6 or 7 DAT. One "beat-net" sample per plot was taken in Test IV at 7 DAT to assess the impact on threecornered alfalfa hopper nymphs. Test III received 0.78 and 0.84 inches of rainfall on 11 and 12 Sep, respectively. Test IV received 0.2 and 0.3 inches rainfall on 19 and 20 Sep, respectively.
Control of Soybean Loopers on Soybean, 1989
Authors: Wier A. T. , Mink J. S. , Boethel D. J. , Leonard B. R. , Burris E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six tests were conducted to examine selected insecticides for soybean looper control. In Test I at Natchitoches, La., plots measuring 50 ft × 8 rows (36 inch row spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 24 Aug to R6 growth stage Delta Pine 415 soybeans with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre at 21 psi through 8003 flat fan tips. Insecticides were evaluated by taking 2, 25 sweep samples/plot (15 inch diam sweep net) at 2 and 7 DAT. In Test II, test plots at Locust Ridge, La., measuring 50 ft × 8 rows (40 inch row spacing) were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Application equipment and posttreatment sample interval were the same as in Test I. Insecticides were applied on 29 Aug to late R6 growth stage Delta Pine 105 soybeans. In Test III at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, La., plots measuring 24 × 50 ft (7 inch row spacing) were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre through 8001 flat fan tips on 9 Sep to R5 growth stage, drill-planted Davis soybeans. Insecticide evaluation was performed as in Experiment I. In Test IV at Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, La., plots measured 65 ft × 8 rows (40 inch row spacing). Application equipment, experimental design, replication number, and sample interval were the same as in Test III. Insecticides were applied on 31 Aug to R6 growth stage Asgrow 5980 soybeans. In Test V and VI at Hamburg, La., plots measured 45 ft × 8 rows (30 inch row spacing). Application equipment, experimental design, replication number, and sample interval were the same as in Test I. Insecticides were applied on 7 Sep to R5 growth stage Terra Vig 708 soybeans.
Control of Chinch Bug Using an Insecticide Treatment of a Trap Crop of Sudax, 1990
Authors: Spike B. , Wright R. , Danielson S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 1000 × 30 ft strip of sudax was planted on 1 May between commercial wheat and sorghum fields near Odell, Nebr. This 1000-ft strip of sudax was subdivided into 5 replicates (200 × 30 ft each), and Sevin XLR Plus was applied on 18 Jun to half of each replicate at 2.0 lb (AI)/acre with a ground sprayer delivering 25 gpa of liquid. Live CB inside a 1.1 ft2 frame were counted on 11 Jun (pretreatment) and 21 Jun (posttreatment). For each date, the CB counts from 4 frames for each treated area were averaged. After the insecticide treatment, the number of sorghum plants in 0.001 acre that were located 5 and 15 rows away from the sudax were counted adjacent to each plot.
Sugarcane Borer Control, 1990
Authors: Schexnayder H. P. , White C. A. , Bessin R. T. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticide treatments were tested for season long control of SCB in a block of 'CP76-331' variety plant cane (SCB-susceptible sugarcane) located in St. Charles Parish on the Lannaux Plantation near Kilona, La. Plots were 3 rows (1.8 m centers) wide × 7.3 m long (0.004 ha/plot) and were arranged in a randomized block design with 5 replications. Spray treatment mixtures were applied to the sugarcane canopy of all 3 rows in each plot with knapsack sprayers (pressure and output approximately 1.41 kg/cm2 and 250 liters/ha, respectively). Insecticide applications were made on 22 Aug and 10 Sep when infestations of the SCB exceeded economic threshold levels of 5% of the stalks containing live larvae in the leafsheaths. Season long control was evaluated on 19 Oct by examining 25 stalks randomly selected from the center row of each plot for SCB entrance and exit holes. Data on the percentage of bored internodes were analyzed using a weighted logistic analysis and where significant differences among treatments were detected, least squares separation of means was used.
Tobacco Budworm Control in Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1990
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Padgett M. L. , Googe L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cure tobacco 'Var. NC NF37 was transplanted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga., on 26 Mar. Plots 4 rows wide (36 in apart) × 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Treatments were separated by single untreated border rows with the center 2 rows of each plot being sprayed. Blocks were separated on each end by 4 ft vacant alleys. Seven insecticide treatments were applied on 18 May, 25 May, and 1 Jun to control small tobacco budworm (TBW) larvae which had increased to a density of 2.5 per 8 plants (economic threshold is 1 per 10 plants). The foliar sprays were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 23.6 GPA of formulation at 35 psi. Three TX-12 nozzles were arranged directly over each treated row. TBW populations/8 plants were determined prior to treatment and 3 and 7 DAT after the first spray, 3 and 6 DAT after the second application and 4 DAT after the final spray. Plants were examined for TBW defoliation 10 days after the last application, and each plot was harvested during mid-Jun to early Jul.
Aphid and Flea Beetle Control with Bay NTN 33893 Applied as Soil Drench and Foliar Treatments, 1990
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Komm Dean A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various rates and application methods for BAY NTN 33893 were tested for TA and TFB control on tobacco at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Balckstone, Va. Tobacco was transplanting into a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 3 May. Experimental plots, 20 ft (12 plants) × 4 ft (1 row), were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Soil drench treatments were applied at 4 fl oz of mixture/plant (204 gal/acre) using a measuring cup to simulate transplant water applications. Foliar band treatments (Fol-band) were applied over the row immediately after transplanting using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 36 gal/acre through a 8004E tip at 40 psi. TA were counted on 4 upper leaves of 5 plants/plot once every 8-13 days through 19 Jul. TFB feeding holes were counted on 5 leaves/plot on 21 May. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA, SAS 1985) and significant means (P - 0.05) were separated using DMRT. TA data were transformed to Log10(X + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented.
Seed and Rescue Treatments, 1990
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Anderson T. L. , Kieckhefer R. W. , Wang T. , Chambers W. W. , Jenson J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Winter wheat 'Arapahoe' was planted (10 Sep) in a Lismore silty clay loam soil in 17.5 cm rows using a ten-row International drill near the Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, Brookings, S. Dak. The experiment was setup using a complete randomized design with 4 replications of each treatment. One m2 screen cages were placed over wheat which was then artificially infested (25 Sep) with laboratory reared Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). Pretreatment counts indicated 19.2 RWA/tiller (individual leaf blade) were present. Rescue applications (16 Oct) were applied using a hand held spray boom with 6 nozzles (Teejet 8002), 12 inch spacing, 25 psi and 20 gal/acre delivery rate. The 7 DAT RWA count was made by randomly selecting 4 tillers from each quadrant within the meter square cage. Additionally, a 21 DAT count (6 Nov) of RAW/16 tillers was made in the same manner from each cage to determine residual control or RWA resurgence.
Application Timing of two Insecticides for White Grub Control, 1990
Authors: Baxendale P. , Weinhold A. P. , Horst G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in Lincoln, Nebr., on a Kentucky bluegrass golf course rough. Topography of the plot area was level. The predominant grass species was Kentucky bluegrass (95%) with a thatch accumulation (finger compressed) of 0.25 to 0.5 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture was maintained near field capacity throughout the study. There was no prior history of Oftanol or Triumph use in the treatment area. Plots were 5 × 5 ft, and the experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Liquid formulations of Oftanol and Triumph were applied 18 Jun, 3 Jul, 2 Aug and 17 Aug, corresponding to 30 and 15 d before, and 15 and 30 d after the anticipated date of 95% completion of the SMC beetle flight period (18 Jul, based on light trapping records from the last 4 years). Subsequent light trap collections indicated that 95% beetle flight actually occurred on 17 Jul at the study site. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 sprayer using a LF-4 nozzle at 24 psi and 5 gal/1000 ft2 spray volume. Immediately following applications the test area was irrigated with approximately 0.75 inches of water. A total of 12.9 inches of rain fell during the study period (18 Jun to 30 Aug). Product efficacy was evaluated 30 Aug (14 days following the last application) by removing from each plot six, 8-inch diam turfsoil cores (2.0 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs.
Cotoneaster, Tropical and Foliar Spray Applications Evaluated Against Japanese Beetle Adults, Wooster, Ohio, 1989
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotonester growing in 1-gal (3.9 1) containers were used to evaluate selected insecticides against Japanese beetle adults. A COa compression sprayer at 20 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply sprays to runoff. Topical and foliar sprays were applied 18 Jul under sunny skies, 29°C, and 16-24 kph winds. Plants were watered by hand every Mon, Wed, and Fri and received 5 cm of rainfall during the test period. Treatment procedures were as follows; TOPICAL—3, 10-15 cm twigs were placed upright in culture tubes with the cut end in water to keep sprigs fresh. Five, field collected adults were placed on each twig, and sprays were applied. Adults and twigs were immediatly transferred to 1-liter fonda containers fitted with mesh tops. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 48 h later by assessing beetle mortality. FOLIAR—2, 10-15 cm twigs were removed from each of the 3, single-plant replicates/treatment, at specified intervals after spraying, and, along with 5 field collected adults, were placed in 1-liter fonda containers with mesh tops. Residual efficacy of insecticides was evaluated 1, 3, 7, and 14 DAT by allowing adults to feed on treated foliage for 48 h. After 48 h, moribund adults were placed on untreated foliage, and final percent mortality was assessed 48 h later.