bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between red blood cell indices and iron status and neurocognitive function in young adults: Evidence from memory and executive function tests and event‐related potentials
Authors: Raz Sivan , Koren Ariel , Levin Carina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment has been associated with anemia and iron deficiency; however, brain electrophysiological studies correlating red blood cell (RBC) indices and iron status to cognition in adulthood are scarce. We aimed to assess neurocognitive function in young adults of the general population and its correlation with RBC indices and iron status. Neurocognitive function was investigated using scalp‐recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) within the context of a task‐switching paradigm. ERPs and test performance were also compared across groups of “high”/“low” RBC and iron indices. Working memory was examined using the digit span test, in which mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and ferritin were found to be significant predictors of test performance, with higher MCH/MCV/ferritin being associated with better test scores. In the switching task, MCH, MCV, and ferritin were found to be significant predictors of task performance, with higher MCH/MCV/ferritin levels associated with a lower percentage of errors. Electrophysiological results showed that MCH and MCV were significant predictors of ERPs amplitude, with lower MCH/MCV levels associated with greater amplitude, which may reflect compensatory processes. P1, N1, P2, and P3 were greater for the low MCH/MCV groups. This is the first evidence of association between levels of MCH/MCV and brain function while engaged in an executive function task; possibly reflecting brain iron availability.
A spatiotemporal transcriptomic network dynamically modulates stalk development in maize
Authors: Le Liang , Guo Weijun , Du Danyao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Wang Weixuan , Yu Jia , Wang Huan , Qiao Hong , Zhang Chunyi , Pu Li 
Published: August 2022

SummaryMaize (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop with suitable stalk formation which is beneficial for acquiring an ideal agronomic trait to resist lodging and higher planting density. The elongation pattern of stalks arises from the variable growth of individual internodes driven by cell division and cell expansion comprising the maize stalk. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulatory network of the maize stalk development and differentiation process remain unclear. Here, we report spatiotemporally resolved transcriptomes using all internodes of the whole stalks from developing maize at the elongation and maturation stages. We identified four distinct groups corresponding to four developmental zones and nine specific clusters with diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns among individual internodes of the stalk. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we constructed transcriptional regulatory networks at a fine spatiotemporal resolution and uncovered key modules and candidate genes involved in internode maintenance, elongation, and division that determine stalk length and thickness in maize. Further CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout validated the function of a cytochrome P450 gene, ZmD1, in the regulation of stalk length and thickness as predicted by the WGCN. Collectively, these results provide insights into the high genetic complexity of stalk development and the potentially valuable resources with ideal stalk lengths and widths for genetic improvements in maize.
Multiplexed promoter and gene editing in wheat using a virus‐based guide RNA delivery system
Authors: Wang Wei , Yu Zitong , He Fei , Bai Guihua , Trick Harold N. , Akhunova Alina , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe low efficiency of genetic transformation and gene editing across diverse cultivars hinder the broad application of CRISPR technology for crop improvement. The development of virus‐based methods of CRISPR‐Cas system delivery into the plant cells holds great promise to overcome these limitations. Here, we perform direct inoculation of wheat leaves with the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) transcripts to deliver guide RNAs (sgRNA) into the Cas9‐expressing wheat. We demonstrate that wheat inoculation with the pool of BSMV‐sgRNAs could be used to generate heritable precise deletions in the promoter region of a transcription factor and to perform multiplexed editing of agronomic genes. We transfer the high‐expressing locus of Cas9 into adapted spring and winter cultivars by marker‐assisted introgression and use of the BSMV‐sgRNAs to edit two agronomic genes. A strategy presented in our study could be applied to any adapted cultivar for creating new cis‐regulatory diversity or large‐scale editing of multiple genes in biological pathways or QTL regions, opening possibilities for the effective engineering of crop genomes, and accelerating gene discovery and trait improvement efforts.
Peptide Cysteine Thiols Act as Photostabilizer of Avobenzone through Stabilizing the Transition State of Keto‐Enol Tautomerization
Authors: Moi Smriti , Shekh Shamasoddin , Reddy K. Kasi Amarnath , Dhurjad Pooja , Sonti Rajesh , Gowd Konkallu Hanumae 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotostabilizers have been used to impart stability to an FDA‐approved chemical UV‐A filter avobenzone against the UV‐A radiations and sunlight. The thiol group of glutathione plays a critical role in imparting the photostabilization activity of glutathione on avobenzone. The current report aims to evaluate the photostabilization activity of multiple thiols containing cysteine peptides on avobenzone. Cysteine‐tripeptide and cysteine‐pentapeptide were chemically synthesized and characterized using mass spectrometry. Synthetic peptides were assessed for their photostabilization activity on the enolic‐form of the avobenzone under natural sunlight using UV spectroscopy in both protic and aprotic solvents. Unlike glutathione, which has pronounced activity in protic solvents, cysteine‐pentapeptide exhibits similar photoprotection activity in both protic and aprotic solvents. Computational calculations using DFT suggest that peptide cysteine thiols may assist in the reversal of the photoketonization process of avobenzone thereby exhibiting the photoprotection activity to the enolic‐form of avobenzone. Peptide cysteine thiols lower the activation energy barrier of keto‐to‐enol tautomerization of avobenzone by 30 kcal mol−1 by assisting the proton shuttle through a six‐membered transition state. The current report emphasizes the applications of peptide thiols in cosmetics and may help in the development of peptides as aesthetic medicines.
The gene LpBCP increased NaHCO3 resistance by enhancing lignin or ROS scavenging in the Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Jin S. , Wang X. , Dong Y. , Li G. , Chang X. , Zhang L. , Jin S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lilium pumilum is an excellent wildflower germplasm resource with high resistance to salinity stress. The gene LpBCP plays an important role in salinity tolerance of L. pumilum. Studying the molecular mechanism of salinity resistance in L. pumilum will provide insights into multiple aspects, including breeding better varieties, environmental protection, improving soil conditions, etc.
Conventional methods were used to determine different physiological indicators of Nicotiana benthamiana after NaHCO3 treatment, i.e. chlorophyll content, soluble phenol content and lignin content. RT‐qPCR was carried out to find expression of LpBCP in different organs and under abiotic stresses. DAB was used to detect H2O2 in leaves in situ. A yeast two‐hybrid system was used to screen for LpBCP interacting proteins.
LpBCP was cloned from bulbs of L. pumilum. The highest expression of LpBCP was in roots and bulbs of transgenic plants. LpBCP‐overexpressed plants showed less wilting, compared to WT plants. LpBCP transgenic plants have higher chlorophyll, soluble phenol and lignin content, and lower relative conductivity under 500 mM NaHCO3 stress. In addition, H2O2 scavenging in transgenic plants was much improved, indicating increased resistance to NaHCO3 stress. Thirteen LpBCP‐interacting proteins were screened using the yeast two‐hybrid method and five were associated with salt stress.
Based on our findings, LPBCP could be a key gene that can be used to improve L. pumilum salt tolerance.
Differentially reset transcriptomes and genome bias response orchestrate wheat response to phosphate deficiency
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Chen Yinglong , Kaur Gazaldeep , Wu Xiaoba , Nguyen Henry T. , Shen Renfang , Pandey Ajay Kumar , Lan Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all organisms. Phosphate (Pi) deficiency reduces grain yield and quality in wheat. Understanding how wheat responds to Pi deficiency at the global transcriptional level remains limited. We revisited the available RNA‐seq transcriptome from Pi‐starved wheat roots and shoots subjected to Pi starvation. Genome‐wide transcriptome resetting was observed under Pi starvation, with a total of 917 and 2338 genes being differentially expressed in roots and shoots, respectively. Chromosomal distribution analysis of the gene triplets and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the D genome displayed genome induction bias and, specifically, the chromosome 2D might be a key contributor to Pi‐limiting triggered gene expression response. Alterations in multiple metabolic pathways pertaining to secondary metabolites, transcription factors and Pi uptake‐related genes were evidenced. This study provides genomic insight and the dynamic landscape of the transcriptional changes contributing to the hexaploid wheat during Pi starvation. The outcomes of this study and the follow‐up experiments have the potential to assist the development of Pi‐efficient wheat cultivars.
Temporal dynamics of conflict adaptation across different conflict strengths
Authors: Zhang Mengke , Li Qing , Li Yilu , Chen Yongqiang , Gu Yan , Yin Shouhang , Chen Antao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConflict adaptation is considered to reflect the adjustment of cognitive control, and it is critical for adaptive behavior. Despite intensive investigations on conflict adaptation, straightforward evidence on how changes in conflict strength influence the behavioral and neural dynamics of conflict adaptation remains scarce. To address this issue, we manipulated conflict strength by varying distractor–target congruency to investigate whether conflict strength per se or the expectancy of conflict strength triggers the adjustment of cognitive control. Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures were recorded while participants performed a variant four‐choice flanker task without feature repetitions. The behavioral results showed that reaction times increased with increasing conflict strength. Importantly, there were conflict adaptations between the congruent and incongruent‐low, congruent and incongruent‐high, and incongruent‐low and incongruent‐high conditions. Consistent with the behavioral results, the EEG results revealed that N2 and P3 were sensitive to conflict strength. Critically, there were typical conflict adaptations between every two conflict conditions on the early P3 amplitude related to the adjustment of attentional strategies. However, there were no differences among these conflict adaptation effects, both on reaction times and the early P3 amplitude, demonstrating that the expectancy of conflict strength rather than conflict strength per se may play a crucial role in conflict adaptation. Altogether, these results emphasize the functional role of expectancy based on previous conflict strength in the exertion of cognitive control, which is in accordance with the repetition expectation theory than with the conflict monitoring theory.
Awareness of HLA‐B* 15:02 screening in trigeminal neuralgia and the gene screening policy among dentists in Southern Thailand
Authors: Saepoo Jirayu , Pangsomboon Kanokporn , Tianviwat Sukanya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the factors associated with public hospital dentists’ awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and the national gene screening policy in Thailand.MethodsCross‐sectional study. A validated questionnaire was distributed to public hospital dentists with at least 1 year of practice in Southern Thailand (n = 760) to assess their knowledge of TN, carbamazepine (CBZ) use, awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening, and the gene screening policy.ResultsA total of 385 dentists participated (50.7% response rate); 81.3% of respondents were aware of HLA‐B*15:02 screening. However, 18.7% of dentists were not aware of the importance of gene testing. Furthermore, dentists who were aware of gene screening had significantly better knowledge of TN diagnosis and CBZ use than “unaware” dentists. Awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening was also significantly associated with dental specialty. Moreover, 80.5% of respondents were not aware of the gene screening policy. The primary problems related to the policy were its inefficient publication, poor implementation, and lack of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to encourage dentists to follow the policy and prescribe gene tests.ConclusionWhile most hospital dentists were aware of the necessity of HLA‐B*15:02 screening prior to prescribing CBZ in TN, the majority were unaware of the national gene screening policy. Dental specialty and knowledge were associated with awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening.
Wh quantifier float in German
Authors: Doliana Aaron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the syntactic distribution of the German quantificational particle known as “invariantalles” (‘all’). The generalization that emerges is that, given a derivation,allesoccurs in any position occupied by an Ā chain link of the “associate” ofalles, that is, the phrase thatalles“modifies.” The article concludes thatallesforms a deep constituent with its associate and that therefore instances of nonadjacentallesare derived transformationally, specifically by somestrandingprocedure.Floatinganalyses andadverbialanalyses of quantifier float are argued to be insufficient to explain the generalization. Three types of argument are presented in support: (a) the distribution ofallesis a subset of its associate's; (b)allesblocks derivations when it occurs in a position in which its associate would also block the derivation; (c)allesis sensitive to the kind of movement that its associate undergoes, in that it can occur in tails of Ā movement but not in tails of A movement. Further implications are thatwh movement proceeds successive‐cyclically through (presumably) vP in German, that tails of A and Ā movement can be distinguished byalles, and that object scrambling is necessarily A movement in German.
The effect of a large‐scale water, sanitation and hygiene intervention in Bangladesh on knowledge, behaviour and health: Findings from an endline programme evaluation
Authors: Aluri Kelly Zhang , Halder Amal K. , Islam Mahfuza , Benjamin‐Chung Jade , Alam Monirul , Shoab Abul Kasham , Rahman Mahbubur , Unicomb Leanne , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply in Bangladesh Programme (SHEWA‐B) was a 5‐year intervention aiming to improve water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices among 20 million rural residents through community hygiene promoters. This analysis evaluates the impact of SHEWA‐B on knowledge, behaviour and childhood diarrhoea outcomes.MethodsThe evaluation included repeated cross‐sectional surveys and health surveillance in matched cohorts in intervention and control clusters. Cross‐sectional surveys and structured observations at baseline, midline, and endline assessed the availability of WASH technology, caregiver knowledge and behaviour. Fieldworkers collected monthly health data in a subset of control and intervention households to determine the prevalence of diarrhoea.ResultsOf 5091 households surveyed, participants residing in intervention clusters showed minimal improvements in knowledge, reported behaviour, or use of WASH technology compared to the control clusters. During structured observations, intervention households increased more than control households at handwashing before preparing food and after cleaning a baby's anus when comparing endline to baseline, but these changes were not seen when comparing endline to the midline. The prevalence of childhood diarrhoea remained similar in both groups before (10.2% in intervention, 10.0% in control) and after (8.8% in intervention, 11.7% in control) midline changes were made to improve the intervention. Intervention clusters showed no improvement in diarrhoea over time compared to control clusters.ConclusionsSHEWA‐B's community‐based WASH promotion did not yield the intended impact on knowledge, behaviour or health. Greater priority should be given to approaches that have demonstrated effectiveness. Including rigorous evaluations would broaden the evidence base to support and improve large‐scale programmes.
The ketogenic diet prevents steatosis and insulin resistance by reducing lipogenesis, diacylglycerol accumulation and protein kinase C activity in male rat liver
Authors: Jani Shailee , Da Eira Daniel , Stefanovic Mateja , Ceddia Rolando B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity‐associated insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The accumulation of diacylglycerol (DAG), ceramides and inflammation are key factors that cause NAFLD. In recent years, the ketogenic diet (KD) has emerged as an effective non‐pharmacological intervention for the treatment of NAFLD and other obesity‐related metabolic disorders. What remains undetermined is how the KD affects DAG and ceramide content and insulin sensitivity in the liver. Thus, this research was designed to assess these variables, as well as glucose and fat metabolism and markers of inflammation in livers of rats exposed for 8 weeks to one of the following diets: standard chow (SC), obesogenic high‐fat, sucrose‐enriched diet (HFS) or a KD. Despite having a higher fat content than the HFS diet, the KD did not cause steatosis and preserved hepatic insulin signalling. The KD reduced DAG content and protein kinase C‐ε activity, but markedly increased liver ceramide content. However, whereas the KD increased ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) expression, it suppressed CerS6 expression, an effect that promoted the production of beneficial very long‐chain ceramides instead of harmful long‐chain ceramides. The KD also enhanced the liver expression of key genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (Pgc‐1α and Fgf21), suppressed inflammatory genes (Tnfα, Nf‐kb, Tlr4 and Il6), and shifted substrate away from de novo lipogenesis. Thus, through multiple mechanisms the KD exerted anti‐steatogenic and insulin‐sensitizing effects in the liver, which supports the use of this dietary intervention to treat NAFLD.
imageKey points
The accumulation of diacylglycerol (DAG), ceramides and inflammation are key factors that cause insulin resistance and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study provides evidence that a ketogenic diet (KD) rich in fat and devoid of carbohydrate reduced DAG content and preserved insulin signalling in the liver.
The KD shifted metabolism away from lipogenesis by enhancing genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidations in the liver.
The KD also promoted the production of beneficial very long‐chain ceramides instead of potentially harmful long‐chain ceramides.
Through multiple mechanisms, the KD exerted anti‐steatogenic and insulin‐sensitizing effects in the liver, which supports the use of this dietary intervention to treat NAFLD.
Real-Time Reconfiguration Planning for the Dynamic Control of Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
Authors: Xiong Hao , Cao Huanhui , Zeng Weifeng , Huang Junchang , Diao Xiumin , Lu Wenjie , Lou Yunjiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The movable anchor points make reconfigurable cable-driven parallel robots (RCDPRs) advantageous over conventional cable-driven parallel robots with fixed anchor points, but the movable anchor points also introduce an inherent problem—reconfiguration planning. Scholars have proposed reconfiguration planning approaches for RCDPRs, taking into account the statics and kinematics of RCDPRs. However, a real-time reconfiguration planning approach that considers the dynamics of an RCDPR and is computationally efficient enough to be integrated into the RCDPR's dynamic controller is still not available in the literature yet. This paper develops a real-time reconfiguration planning approach for RCDPRs. A novel reconfiguration value function is defined to reflect the “value” of an RCDPR configuration and provide a reference index for the reconfiguration planning of an RCDPR. And then, the developed approach conducts reconfiguration planning based on the value of RCDPR configurations. The developed approach is computationally efficient, reducing the reconfiguration planning time by more than 93%, compared to single iteration of a box-constrained optimization-based reconfiguration planning approach. Such a high efficiency allows the developed approach to be integrated into an RCDPR's dynamic controller that usually runs with a high frequency. Integrating reconfiguration planning and dynamic control enhances the control performance of the RCDPR. To verify the effectiveness of the developed approach and the integration of reconfiguration planning and dynamic control for RCDPRs, a case study of an RCDPR with seven cables and four movable anchor points is conducted.
Cooling Characteristic of an Infrared Suppression Device With Single Perforated Funnel: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach
Authors: Mohanty Aurovinda , Senapati Santosh Kumar , Dash Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An infrared suppression (IRS) device is integral to any gas turbine used in naval and cargo ships. Estimating an IRS device’s cooling characteristics is essential to start the maintenance operation. Thus, this article presents a computational investigation of the cooling characteristics of an infrared suppression device with a single cylindrical funnel with or without circular perforations. All simulations have been carried out in a steady and laminar environment. The numerical procedure adopted in this work has been validated with the existing correlations and achieved satisfactory agreement. The effect of the Rayleigh number and the length-to-diameter ratio of the funnel have been varied within the practical range to observe their effects on the averaged Nusselt number, heat transfer rate, mass suction rate, velocity fields, and thermal plumes. Moreover, the cooling performance has been compared for funnels without and with circular perforations. It is observed that the average Nu and the heat transfer rate increase with an increase in the Ra. Conversely, the average Nu first increases and then reduces with an increase in L/D. On the contrary, the heat transfer rate decreases monotonically with an increase in the L/D. The suction of fresh air into the funnel increases with Ra, whereas it reduces with an increase in L/D. The perforated funnels have better heat dissipation capacity than the unperforated ones.