bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of terrestrial productivity and hydrology in regulating aquatic dissolved organic carbon concentrations in boreal catchments
Authors: Zhu Xudan , Chen Liang , Pumpanen Jukka , Ojala Anne , Zobitz John , Zhou Xuan , Laudon Hjalmar , Palviainen Marjo , Neitola Kimmo , Berninger Frank 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the catchments of the Northern Hemisphere. Increasing terrestrial productivity and changing hydrology may be reasons for the increases in DOC concentration. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of increased terrestrial productivity and changed hydrology following climate change on DOC concentrations. We tested and quantified the effects of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and discharge on DOC concentrations in boreal catchments over 3 years. As catchment characteristics can regulate the extent of rising DOC concentrations caused by the regional or global environmental changes, we selected four catchments with different sizes (small, medium and large) and landscapes (forest, mire and forest‐mire mixed). We applied multiple models: Wavelet coherence analysis detected the delay‐effects of terrestrial productivity and discharge on aquatic DOC variations of boreal catchments; thereafter, the distributed‐lag linear models quantified the contributions of each factor on DOC variations. Our results showed that the combined impacts of terrestrial productivity and discharge explained 62% of aquatic DOC variations on average across all sites, whereas discharge, gross primary production (GPP) and RE accounted for 26%, 22% and 3%, respectively. The impact of GPP and discharge on DOC changes was directly related to catchment size: GPP dominated DOC fluctuations in small catchments (<1 km2), whereas discharge controlled DOC variations in big catchments (>1 km2). The direction of the relation between GPP and discharge on DOC varied. Increasing RE always made a positive contribution to DOC concentration. This study reveals that climate change‐induced terrestrial greening and shifting hydrology change the DOC export from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. The work improves our mechanistic understanding of surface water DOC regulation in boreal catchments and confirms the importance of DOC fluxes in regulating ecosystem C budgets.
Emicizumab does not interfere with the activated clotting time
Authors: Capdevila Ladislas , Frère Corinne , Desvages Maximilien , Harroche Annie , Bally Cécile , Abbes Ahmed , d'Oiron Roseline , Frenzel Laurent , Borgel Delphine , Lasne Dominique 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe activated clotting time (ACT) is a useful marker of unfractionated heparin (UFH) activity during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or cardiac catheterization. Emicizumab, recently approved for bleeding prevention in haemophilia A patients, acts like FVIII but does not need prior activation; it therefore shortens coagulation times in assays using intrinsic pathway activators and so is expected to shorten the ACT.AimTo evaluated emicizumab's impact on heparin‐induced ACT (Hemochron®) prolongation.MethodsWe measured the high‐range (HR) ACT in citrated blood samples from healthy donors (HDs) (n = 9), CPB patients (n = 3) and emicizumab‐treated patients (n = 5) after spiking with UFH and/or emicizumab. The low range (LR) ACT was also measured in spiked‐samples from HDs and emicizumab‐treated patients.ResultsIn HDs, the median [interquartile range] baseline HR‐ACTs were similar with and without emicizumab (129 [123–138] and 136 [115–141] s for 50 μg/ml, respectively); whatever the concentration of emicizumab (10 to 50 μg/ml), increasing the UFH concentration (1–5 UI/ml) prolonged the HR‐ACT. In blood from patients undergoing CPB, the HR‐ACT prolongation observed during this procedure was not masked by emicizumab at any concentration. Likewise, the addition of increasing concentrations of UFH to blood from emicizumab‐treated patients induced a concentration‐dependent prolongation of HR‐ACT. Baseline LR‐ACT were prolonged in emicizumab‐treated patients but as for HR‐ACT, emicizumab does not prevent heparin‐induced prolongation of LR‐ACT.ConclusionEmicizumab does not interfere with UFH‐induced ACT prolongation. The hemochron® ACT can be used to monitor UFH in patients receiving emicizumab during CPB or cardiac catheterization.
Contribution of edible insects to improved food and nutrition security: A review
Authors: Matiza Ruzengwe Faith , Nyarugwe Shingai P. , Manditsera Faith A. , Mubaiwa Juliet , Cottin Sarah , Matsungo Tonderayi M. , Chopera Prosper , Ranawana Viren , Fiore Alberto , Macheka Lesley 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYThe consumption of insects “entomophagy” or insect‐based foods is increasingly being recognised as an emerging solution to promote diet diversification and address the multiple burden of malnutrition. Although several studies suggest edible insects as valuable nutrient sources, few have evaluated the effects of processing on nutrient bioavailability and bioaccessibility and provided actual evidence on human nutrition. Moreover, there is limited evidence of their actual contribution to improved food and nutrition security. Therefore, the review evaluated existing evidence on human interventions and the effects of processing methods on bioavailability and bioaccessibility of key nutrients since these directly influence food and nutrition security outcomes. Seven human efficacy studies have been conducted to date and these show limited observable effects on nutrition status therefore more research is required. Findings also suggest that the processing method, insect matrix, composition of the food matrix and interaction with other food components can influence nutrient bioavailability and bioaccessibility. Hence, these should be considered during formulation and upscaling for entomophagy and insect‐based foods to be viable intervention strategies against malnutrition.
Prediction of the intramuscular fat and protein content of freeze‐dried ground meat from cattle and sheep using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Authors: Bailes Kristy L. , Meyer Richard G. , Piltz John W. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis study assessed the ability of near‐infrared spectroscopy to predict intramuscular fat (IMF) and protein content of freeze‐dried ground beef and sheep meat determined using the modified Soxhlet extraction and Dumas combustion, and ascertain if robust calibration models could be developed for both assays using the combined spectral data from both species. Samples were sourced from sheep and cattle slaughtered for a variety of experiments, which covered a range in age, diet fed and carcase cut. All samples were scanned using a benchtop NIRS instrument to develop calibration models, a subset of which was used for later validation. Intramuscular fat and protein content of samples ranged from 5.1 to 32.8 and 63.4 to 89.8, respectively, with combined species of the R2 values of 98.4 and 96.5 (RMSE 0.74 and 0.76) for IMF and protein respectively. Additionally, animal age and carcase cut were found to have no significant impact on the precision of prediction models. Results from our study showed that individual species as well as combined calibration models can be successfully developed for predicting IMF and protein content of freeze‐dried ground beef and sheep meat.
Phenolic profiling reveals the metabolite basis of flesh colour and fresh‐cut browning in apple fruit
Authors: Fang Ting , Chen Jing , Lin Qiong , Zhong Yaoguang , Duan Yuquan , Bi Jinfeng 
Published: January 2022

SummaryFlesh colour, which is affected by cultivars and browning, can largely impact consumer acceptance in fresh‐cut apples. The study profiled phenolic metabolites from apple flesh of twenty‐three cultivars by widely targeted metabolomics. Comparison among white‐ and yellow‐fleshed cultivars showed fifteen phenolics, mainly quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside, hyperoside, hesperetin 5‐O‐glucoside and cymaroside, in white‐fleshed apples were significantly higher than those in yellow‐fleshed apples. It may indicate a metabolite basis of yellow and white flesh colour, and better potential nutrition in white‐fleshed apples. In addition, ten phenolic metabolites including five cyanidin glycosides showed significant differences between the highest and the lowest browning groups, indicating them may be crucial in browning of fresh‐cut apple. This work elucidates the differences of phenolic profiles among apple cultivars with different flesh colour and provides useful data to evaluate the suitability of apple for fresh‐cut processing.
Interaction of mulberry anthocyanins with soybean protein isolate: effect on the stability of anthocyanins and protein in vitro digestion characteristics
Authors: Ma Zhen , Cheng Jing , Jiao Shunshan , Jing Pu 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe interactions of anthocyanins and proteins might mutually influence each other on the physicochemical and functional properties. In this study, the interaction mechanism of soybean protein isolate (SPI) with mulberry anthocyanins (MA), and its effect on the thermal stability of anthocyanins and protein subunits’ digestibility were investigated through multiple spectroscopies and in vitro gastrointestinal models. Results showed that cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G), the main anthocyanin monomer in MA, could bind to SPI through hydrophobic interactions, resulting in static fluorescence quenching of SPI. The secondary structure of SPI changed by binding to C3G, with an increase of β‐sheet and a decrease of α‐helix and random coil. The formation of the SPI‐MA complexes improved the thermal stability of MA at 353 K, while, no significant protection occurred during heating at 368 K. Complexation with MA promoted the digestibility of SPI by pepsin, especially the α′ and α subunits of β‐conglycinin and the basic subunit of glycinin, and slightly delayed the digestibility of SPI under intestinal fluid. These results provide an in‐depth understanding of the influence of the protein‐anthocyanin interactions on the stability of anthocyanins and protein digestibility.
Improved physicochemical and fermentation properties of frozen dough with bacterial cellulose
Authors: Li Zhenni , Fan Shuyuan , Hong Yixin , Li Ning 
Published: January 2022

SummaryEffects of a novel category of hydrocolloid (Bacterial cellulose, BC) on physicochemical and fermentation properties of frozen dough were studied to address the reduction in baking performance due to refrigeration. The addition of BC reduced free thiol content and inhibited the de‐polymerisation degree of glutenin macropolymers, resulting in enhanced emulsifying activities of frozen dough, when the amount was added up to 0.1 g 100 g−1of wheat flour (dry basis). Further supplement hurt these attributes due to competition for water molecules. However, increasing the addition of BC significantly enhanced its protective effect on yeast activity, which in turn improved the fermentation properties of frozen dough. After 8 weeks of storage at −18 °C, 31% of yeast survived in with the protection of BC. When BC was added at a ratio of 0.1 g 100 g−1 of wheat flour, the improved frozen dough showed maximum volume of gas which was 2.7 times higher than that of the control after 3 h of fermentation. Baking performances confirmed the effect of BC as bread crumbs containing intermediate addition of BC rose optimally during proofing and baking, which contributed to the higher specific volume, less firm and more tender crumb texture of bread. These results suggested that BC might act as an effective additive to improve the shelf‐life stability of frozen food during long periods of frozen storage.
Cellular Lnc_209997 suppresses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication by targeting miR‐275‐5p in B. mori
Authors: Lin Su , Zhang Shao Lun , Yin Hao Tong , Zhao Zhi Meng , Chen Zi Kang , Shen Man Man , Zhang Zheng Dong , Guo Xi Jie , Wu Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of non‐coding RNA molecule, which exceeds 200 nucleotides in length and participates in the regulation of a variety of life activities. Recent studies showed that lncRNAs play important roles in viral infection and host immunity. At present, the researches on insect lncRNAs are relatively few. In this study, we found the expression of Lnc_209997 was significantly down‐regulated in silkworm fat body infected with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (BmNPV). Inhibition of Lnc_209997 promoted BmNPV replication. Enhancing the expression of Lnc_209997 inhibited the proliferation of BmNPV. miR‐275‐5p was up‐regulated in silkworm fat body infected with BmNPV. Dual luciferase reporter gene system confirmed the interaction between Lnc_209997 and miR‐275‐5p. Over‐expression of Lnc_209997 inhibited the expression of miR‐275‐5p, while inhibition of Lnc_209997 enhanced the expression of miR‐275‐5p. Further, over‐expression of miR‐275‐5p can facilitate the replication of BmNPV. These results suggested that BmNPV could increase the expression of miR‐275‐5p by inhibiting cellular Lnc_209997 expression to promote their own proliferation. Our results are helpful for better understanding the role of lncRNAs in BmNPV infection, and provide insights into elucidating the molecular mechanism of interaction between Bombyx mori and virus.
Language, networks, and virtual transnationalism: The case of Russian speakers from Estonia living in Finland
Authors: Vorobeva Ekaterina , Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tammaru Tiit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExpanding globalization, widely spread information and communication technologies (ICT), and inexpensive transportation facilitate easy, fast, and necessary connections across borders. Many immigrants maintain transnational connections while gaining local exposure to the national social field. This article studies immigrants’ language and social media uses in transnational and national networks. The case regards Russian speakers from Estonia living in Finland who belong to the global Russian‐speaking diaspora. The data derive from a survey (n = 327) and interviews (n = 16). Results indicate that the national and transnational social fields of the studied Russian speakers affect and shape one another. Their good command of Finnish reduces structural barriers to work, housing, and other functional spheres in Finland, but it does not secure their social inclusion. The latter is counteracted by their local multicultural networks and transnational connections with their country of origin—facilitated by ICT and social media—as a source of positive identity, meaningful relations, and emotional support.
A molecular dynamics survey of grain boundary energy in uranium dioxide and cerium dioxide
Authors: Zhang Yongfeng , Hansen Evan D. , Harbison Tim , Masengale Sean , French Jarin , Aagesen Larry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUranium dioxide (UO2) is the primary fuel material that is used in current nuclear reactors. As one of the most fundamental material parameters, grain boundary (GB) energy strongly influences many fuel properties, and the influences depend on the characters and properties of individual GBs. Using molecular dynamics simulations, a high throughput survey of GB energy in UO2 was carried out for the purpose of elucidating the roles of GB geometry such as misorientation and inclination, as well as the bonding nature of UO2, in affecting GB energy. GB energies in CeO2 were calculated as well for comparison with UO2 to investigate the generality of GB energy anisotropy in fluorite phase oxides. The results show significant GB energy anisotropy in both UO2 and CeO2 that is associated with the cubic symmetry of the fluorite structure. More interestingly, the GB anisotropy is found to be dependent not only on the crystal structure but also the ionic bonding. As such, the GB energy anisotropy in fluorite oxides has significant differences compared with that in fcc metals. The data obtained and the increased knowledge on GB anisotropy will facilitate GB engineering for nuclear fuels with improved properties.
Predictive factors for postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Masuko Naohisa , Tanimura Kenji , Kojima Nobue , Imafuku Hitomi , Deguchi Masashi , Okada Yuko , Hirota Yushi , Ogawa Wataru , Yamada Hideto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the risk factors for postpartum glucose intolerance (GI) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodA total of 140 women with GDM were enrolled. Of these, 115 underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 12 weeks after delivery. Clinical factors and parameters in the antepartum 75‐g OGTT associated with postpartum GI were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.ResultsTwenty‐two (19.1%) of the 115 women with GDM developed postpartum GI. The univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that low oral disposition index (DI) was a risk factor for postpartum GI (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.04–0.7; p < 0.05), and that no clinical factors were associated with postpartum GI.ConclusionsLower oral DI on the antepartum 75‐g OGTT may be a useful marker for identifying GDM women who are at high risk for postpartum GI.
3D‐Printable Denture Base Resin Containing SiO2 Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Analysis of Mechanical and Surface Properties
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. , Akhtar Sultan , Fouda Shaimaa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the flexural strength (FS), impact strength (IS), surface roughness (Ra), and hardness of 3D‐printed resin incorporating silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SNPs).Materials and MethodsA total of 320 acrylic specimens were fabricated with different dimensions according to test specifications and divided into a control group of heat denture base resin, and 3 test groups (80/test (n = 10) of unmodified, 0.25 wt%, and 0.5 wt% SNPs modified 3D‐printed resin. 10,000 thermal cycles were performed to half of the fabricated specimens. FS, IS (Charpy impact), Ra, and hardness were evaluated and the collected data was analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsIncorporating SNPs into 3D‐printed resin significantly increased the FS, IS (at 0.5%) and hardness compared to unmodified 3D‐printed resin (p < 0.001). However, the FS of pure 3D‐printed and 3D/SNP‐0.50% resin and IS of all 3D‐printed resin groups were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.0001). Hardness of 3D/SNP‐0.25% and 3D/SNP‐0.50% was significantly higher than control and unmodified 3D‐printed resin (p < 0.0001), with insignificant differences between them. The Ra of all 3D‐printed resin groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.001), while insignificant difference was found between 3D‐printed groups. Thermal cycling significantly reduced FS and hardness for all tested groups, while for IS the reduction was significant only in the control and 3D/SNP‐0.50% groups. Thermal cycling significantly increased Ra of the control group and unmodified 3D‐printed resin (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe addition of SNPs to 3D‐printed denture base resin improved its mechanical properties while Ra was not significantly altered. Thermal cycling adversely affected tested properties, except IS of unmodified 3D‐printed resin and 3D/SNP‐0.25%, and Ra of modified 3D‐printed resin.
Bacteriophages: A possible solution to combat enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections in neonatal goats
Authors: Bhargava K. , Gururaj K. , Aseri G. K. , Nath G. , Singh N. P. , Pawaiya R. V. S. , Kumar A. , Mishra A. K. , Yadav V. B. , Jain N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to awareness and benefits of goat rearing in developing economies, goats' significance is increasing. Unfortunately, these ruminants are threatened via multiple bacterial pathogens such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). In goat kids and lambs, EPEC causes gastrointestinal disease leading to substantial economic losses for farmers and may also pose a threat to public health via the spread of zoonotic diseases. Management of infection is primarily based on antibiotics, but the need for new therapeutic measures as an alternative to antibiotics is becoming vital because of the advent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The prevalence of EPEC was established using bfpA gene, uspA gene and Stx1 gene, followed by phylogenetic analysis using Stx1 gene. The lytic activity of the isolated putative coliphages was tested on multi-drug resistant strains of EPEC. It was observed that a PCR based approach is more effective and rapid as compared to phenotypic tests of Escherichia coli virulence. It was also established that the isolated bacteriophages exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy in vitro, with some of the isolates (16%) detected as T4 and T4-like phages based on gp23 gene. Hence, bacteriophages as therapeutic agents may be explored as an alternative to antibiotics in managing public, livestock and environmental health in this era of AMR.
TOR and SnRK1 fine tune SPEECHLESS transcription and protein stability to optimize stomatal development in response to exogenously supplied sugar
Authors: Han Chao , Qiao Yan , Yao Lianmei , Hao Wei , Liu Yue , Shi Wen , Fan Min , Bai Ming‐Yi 
Published: January 2022

Summary

In Arabidopsis, the differentiation of epidermal cells into stomata is regulated by endogenous and environmental signals. Sugar is required for plant epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation. However, it is unclear how epidermal cells maintain division and differentiation to generate proper amounts of stomata in response to different sugar availability.

Here, we show that two evolutionarily conserved kinase Snf1‐related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) and Target of rapamycin (TOR) play critical roles in the regulation of stomatal development under different sugar availability.

When plants are grown on a medium containing 1% sucrose, sucrose‐activated TOR promotes the stomatal development by inducing the expression of SPEECHLESS (SPCH), a master regulator of stomatal development. SnRK1 promotes stomatal development through phosphorylating and stabilizing SPCH. However, under the high sucrose conditions, the highly accumulated trehalose‐6‐phosphate (Tre6P) represses the activity of KIN10, the catalytic α‐subunit of SnRK1, by reducing the interaction between KIN10 and its upstream kinase, consequently promoting SPCH degradation and inhibiting stomatal development.

Our findings revealed that TOR and SnRK1 finely regulate SPCH expression and protein stability to optimize the stomatal development in response to exogenously supplied sugar.