bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human erythropoietin accelerated the proliferation of non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines and reduced the expression of VEGF, HIF‐1α, and PD‐L1 under a simulated hypoxic environment in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Feng Yangchun , Sun Xiaojie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs erythropoietin (EPO) has been used to treat anemia in cancer patients, negative controversy has continued. Unfortunately, its effects on non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines are uncertain and the phenomenon of inducing immune escape of tumor cells remains to be explored. This study aimed to provide an important basis for the application of exogenous EPO in the treatment of tumor‐associated anemia.MethodsCells were cultured in 1% O2, 5% CO2, and 94% N2 to simulate a hypoxic environment of the tumor. A549 cell line (lower expression EPOR) and NCI‐H838 cell line (higher expression EPOR) were treated with 2 and 8 U/ml recombinant human EPO (rhEPO). CCK‐8 method was used to determine the logarithmic growth phase of the cells and to detect cell proliferation. The expression levels of VEGF, HIF‐1α, and PD‐L1 were determined by western blot. One‐way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis between groups, with p < 0.05 indicating a significant difference.ResultsHypoxia itself could decrease the survival rate of NSCLC cells. Under the hypoxic condition, rhEPO induced tumor cells proliferation, especially in the NCI‐H838 cell line, where 2 U/ml rhEPO increased the total number of surviving cells (Hypoxia + rhEPO 2 U/ml vs. Hypoxia, p < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that hypoxia upregulated the expression of VEGF, HIF‐1α, and PD‐L1 in NSCLC cell lines (Normoxia vs. Hypoxia, p < 0.05), but may not be dependent on the expression levels of EPOR. RhEPO decreased the expression levels of VEGF and HIF‐1α. In the A549 cell line, it depended on the concentration of rhEPO and was particularly obvious in HIF‐1α (Hypoxia vs. Hypoxia + rhEPO 2 U/ml vs. Hypoxia + rhEPO 8 U/ml, p < 0.05). A low concentration of rhEPO may not reduce VEGF expression. In the NCI‐H838 cell line, the effect of rhEPO on VEGF was more obvious, but it may be independent of rhEPO concentrations. The downregulation of PD‐L1 expression by rhEPO was only presented in the A549 cell line and required higher rhEPO concentrations (Hypoxia + rhEPO 8 U/ml vs. Hypoxia&Hypoxia + rhEPO 2 U/ml, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe effect of prolonged high concentrations of rhEPO under hypoxic conditions resulted in accelerated cells proliferation of non‐small‐cell lung cancer and was independent of EPOR expression levels on the cell lines surface. Hypoxia resulted in increased expression of VEGF, HIF‐1α, and PD‐L1 on the NSCLC cell lines. Under normoxic conditions, rhEPO did not affect the expression of VEGF, HIF‐1α, and PD‐L1; but under hypoxic conditions, the application of rhEPO reduced the expression of VEGF, HIF‐1α, and PD‐L1, producing an impact on the biological behavior of tumor cells.
Advancement of deep learning in pneumonia/Covid‐19 classification and localization: A systematic review with qualitative and quantitative analysis
Authors: Shah Aakash , Shah Manan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAround 450 million people are affected by pneumonia every year, which results in 2.5 million deaths. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) has also affected 181 million people, which led to 3.92 million casualties. The chances of death in both of these diseases can be significantly reduced if they are diagnosed early. However, the current methods of diagnosing pneumonia (complaints + chest X‐ray) and Covid‐19 (real‐time polymerase chain reaction) require the presence of expert radiologists and time, respectively. With the help of deep learning models, pneumonia and Covid‐19 can be detected instantly from chest X‐rays or computerized tomography (CT) scans. The process of diagnosing pneumonia/Covid‐19 can become faster and more widespread. In this paper, we aimed to elicit, explain, and evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively all advancements in deep learning methods aimed at detecting community‐acquired pneumonia, viral pneumonia, and Covid‐19 from images of chest X‐rays and CT scans. Being a systematic review, the focus of this paper lies in explaining various deep learning model architectures, which have either been modified or created from scratch for the task at hand. For each model, this paper answers the question of why the model is designed the way it is, the challenges that a particular model overcomes, and the tradeoffs that come with modifying a model to the required specifications. A grouped quantitative analysis of all models described in the paper is also provided to quantify the effectiveness of different models with a similar goal. Some tradeoffs cannot be quantified and, hence, they are mentioned explicitly in the qualitative analysis, which is done throughout the paper. By compiling and analyzing a large quantum of research details in one place with all the data sets, model architectures, and results, we aimed to provide a one‐stop solution to beginners and current researchers interested in this field.
“Corona between myth and science” – Innovative experiments and formats for analyzing fake news in corona times in chemistry lessons
Authors: Otte Lars , Beeken Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDa Schüler:innen oftmals sehr empfänglich für Fehlinformationen sind, sind (außer‐)schulische Formate von Nöten, die es ermöglichen, Fake News zu identifizieren. Aus diesem Grund wurden insgesamt fünf Wissenschaftskommunikationsformate entwickelt, die sich dem Themenkomplex „Fake News in der Corona‐Pandemie“ widmen. Dazu zählen beispielsweise ein Schülerlaborsetting und ein innovatives Buch. Die Formate können dabei als Ergänzung zum Chemieunterricht aufgefasst werden und einen entsprechenden Kompetenzzuwachs der Schüler:innen ermöglichen. In diesem Artikel werden darüber hinaus zwei der insgesamt 13 Experimente aus Schülerlaborsetting und Buch vorgestellt, die auch Einzug in den Chemieunterricht finden können.
Long‐term survival and toxicity in patients with neuroendocrine tumors treated with 177Lu‐octreotate peptide radionuclide therapy
Authors: Kennedy Kim R. , Turner John Harvey , MacDonald William B. G. , Claringbold Phillip G. , Boardman Glenn , Ransom David T. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPeptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has shown favorable results in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Long‐term safety and efficacy data for 177Lu‐octreotate PRRT, particularly in combination with chemotherapy, is lacking.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective review of the long‐term toxicity and survival outcomes of 104 patients with advanced NETs treated on 4 phase 2 clinical trials with Lutetium‐177‐octreotate (177Lu‐octreotate) PRRT, mostly in combination with chemotherapy. Median follow‐up was 68 months, which represents the longest follow‐up study of 177Lu‐octreotate PRRT for NETs to date.ResultsMedian progression‐free survival (PFS) was 37 months, and median overall survival (OS) was 71 months. Five‐ and 10‐year OS were 62% and 29%, and 5‐ and 10‐year PFS were 36% and 21%, respectively, demonstrating 177Lu‐octreotate can provide durable responses. PRRT was well tolerated with 1.9% of patients developing chronic renal impairment and 1% of patients developing long‐term thrombocytopenia. Interestingly, there was a relatively high rate of myelodysplasia (MDS)/leukemia (6.7%), possibly attributable to the longer follow‐up (with all except 1 case occurring more than 4 years after PRRT treatment) or to the addition of concurrent chemotherapy.ConclusionsLutetium‐177‐Octreotate PRRT remains an efficacious and well tolerated treatment in long‐term follow‐up. For clinicians deciding on the timing of PRRT for individual patients, the 6.7% long‐term risk of MDS/leukemia needs to be balanced against the 21% PFS at 10 years.
Environmental conflicts as key factors influencing participatory environmental communication and sustainable development of a rural society
Authors: Zikargae Mekonnen Hailemariam , Woldearegay Amanuel Gebru , Skjerdal Terje 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural resource protection in Africa, particularly in rural communities, requires effective communication between resource managers and community residents. Environmental conflict, however, impedes the efficacy of communication strategies. Thus, this study investigates evidence of environmental conflicts as impeding factors for participatory environmental communication in a rural community‐based environment and forest program in Northern Ethiopia, run by Organization for Rehabilitation and Development (ORDA) in Amhara, Ethiopia, a non‐governmental organization seeking to address rural poverty. It also addresses how these factors could be mediated by local cultural institutions. In addition, the article outlines how these factors influence interventions to promote livelihood development, environmental security, and sustainable development. Qualitative data was collected through in‐depth interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis, and observation. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to contact seventeen study participants. Participants were community members and professionals. The information was analyzed thematically. The study finds that environmental conflicts that arise from the community‐based socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological factors constitute a daunting obstacle to the sustainability of community projects, threatening the capacity of the community to manage common pool forest resources. At the same time, cultural interventions to reduce the occurrences, escalations, and prevalence of environmental conflicts are key to the success of participatory environmental communication measures and sustainable community‐based natural resource management in rural Africa, and should be included in implementation strategies by nongovernmental organizations such as ORDA.
Assessing phenotypic diversity in silflower (Silphium integrifolium Michx.) to identify traits of interest for domestication selection
Authors: Price John H. , Van Tassel David L. , Picasso Valentin D. , Smith Kevin P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSilflower (Silphium integrifolium Michx.) has been identified as a candidate for domestication as a perennial oilseed crop. In order to successfully domesticate silflower it will be necessary to identify traits that should be targeted for selection. We have conducted the first multilocation trial of replicated silflower genotypes at six sites across four states. By observing architectural, phenological, and yield traits in a diversity panel of silflower breeding material, we were able to estimate the heritability of these traits, as well as patterns of correlation across years and environments. We found that this population expressed heritable variation for many, but not all, traits of interest, and that targeted introgression of diversity may be beneficial for some traits. In addition, we used regression analysis to identify several traits, particularly height, number of stalks per plant, and stalk diameter as important contributors to determining levels of yield and levels of lodging. These results will help to guide future silflower domestication efforts and have already shaped the direction of our breeding program.
The neuroinflammatory marker sTNFR2 relates to worse cognition and tau in women across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum
Authors: Bernier Rachel A. , Banks Sarah J. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Andrews Murray J. , Jacobs Emily G. , Galasko Douglas R. , Shepherd Alyx L. , Akassoglou Katerina , Sundermann Erin E. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite women showing greater Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence, tau burden, and immune/neuroinflammatory response, whether neuroinflammation impacts cognition differently in women versus men and the biological basis of this impact remain unknown. We examined sex differences in how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuroinflammation relates to cognition across the aging–mild cognitive impairment (MCI)–AD continuum and the mediating role of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) versus other AD biomarkers.MethodsParticipants included 284 individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. CSF neuroinflammatory markers included interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor α, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1. AD biomarkers were CSF p‐tau181 and amyloid beta1‐42 levels and magnetic resonance imaging measures of hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes.ResultsWe found a sex‐by‐sTNFR2 interaction on Mini‐Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes. Higher levels of sTNFR2 related to poorer cognition in women only. Among biomarkers, only p‐tau181 eliminated the female‐specific relationships between neuroinflammation and cognition.DiscussionWomen may be more susceptible than men to the adverse effects of sTNFR2 on cognition with a potential etiological link with tau to these effects.
Transjejunal endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic drainage for pancreatic jejunostomy stricture using a forward‐viewing echoendoscope in a patient with altered anatomy
Authors: Shimizu Hiroshi , Suzuki Rei , Sato Yuki , Takagi Tadayuki , Abe Naoto , Irie Hiroki , Sugimoto Mitsuru , Yanagita Takumi , Kobashi Ryoichiro , Hashimoto Minami , Kato Tsunetaka , Takasumi Mika , Nakamura Jun , Hikichi Takuto , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTPancreatic jejunostomy stricture (PJS) is one of the major late complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic drainage (EUS‐PD) is considered a salvage treatment for symptomatic PJS after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography failure; however, the technical success rate of the endoscopic treatment of PJS remains unsatisfactory, mainly due to surgically altered anatomy. Herein, we describe a case of PJS successfully treated with transjejunal EUS‐PD using a forward‐viewing echoendoscope. A 62‐year‐old man who suffered from repetitive severe back pain due to PJS was referred to our hospital. Since transgastric EUS‐PD was difficult, we attempted transjejunal EUS‐PD using a forward‐viewing echoendoscope. To facilitate scope insertion, we first straightened the afferent jejunal loop and placed a stiff guidewire. With this scheme, we successfully performed transjejunal EUS‐PD and placed a 5‐Fr plastic stent. In conclusion, this technique is useful for treating patients with PJS when transgastric EUS‐PD is difficult.
Initial and advanced endoscopic findings of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T‐cell lymphoma in the duodenum: A case report
Authors: Fukushima Masanori , Honda Tetsuro , Komatsu Naohiro , Sasaki Ryu , Ozawa Eisuke , Miuma Satoshi , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Irie Junji , Okano Shinji , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T‐cell lymphoma (MEITL) is an aggressive malignant digestive system lymphoma. We report the case of a 68‐year‐old Asian woman who was diagnosed with MEITL of the duodenum and small intestine due to intestinal obstruction. MEITL is mainly located in the small intestine, and duodenal lesions are rare. Therefore, the endoscopic appearance of MEITL in the duodenum has been reported in only a few cases. In this case, we observed the initial and advanced endoscopic findings of MEITL in the duodenum. The initial findings were only slight mucosal changes; therefore, careful observation is required to detect early‐stage MEITL.
Use of mitochondrial sequencing to detect gene doping in horses via gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Maniego Jillian , Pesko Bogusia , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Hincks Pamela , Taylor Polly , Tozaki Teruaki , Ohnuma Aoi , Stewart Graham , Proudman Christopher , Ryder Edward 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGene editing and subsequent cloning techniques offer great potential not only in genetic disease correction in domestic animals but also in livestock production by enhancement of desirable traits. The existence of the technology, however, leaves it open to potential misuse in performance‐led sports such as horseracing and other equestrian events. Recent advances in equine gene editing, regarding the generation of gene‐edited embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and somatic cell nuclear transfer, have highlighted the need to develop tools to detect potential prohibited use of the technology. One possible method involves the characterisation of the mitochondrial genome (which is not routinely preserved during cloning) and comparing it with the sequence of the registered dam. We present here our approach to whole‐mitochondrial sequencing using tiled long‐range PCR and next‐generation sequencing. To determine whether the background mutation rate in the mitochondrial genome could potentially confound results, we sequenced 10 sets of dam and foal duos. We found variation between duos but none within duos, indicating that this method is feasible for future screening systems. Analysis of WGS data from over 100 Thoroughbred horses revealed wide variation in the mitochondria sequence within the breed, further displaying the utility of this approach.
Causes and consequences of pair‐bond disruption in a sex‐skewed population of a long‐lived monogamous seabird
Authors: Sun Ruijiao , Barbraud Christophe , Weimerskirch Henri , Delord Karine , Patrick Samantha C. , Caswell Hal , Jenouvrier Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany animals form long‐term monogamous pair bonds, and the disruption of a pair bond (through either divorce or widowhood) can have significant consequences for individual vital rates (survival, breeding, and breeding success probabilities) and life‐history outcomes (lifetime reproductive success [LRS], life expectancy). Here, we investigated the causes and consequences of pair‐bond disruption in wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans). State‐of‐the‐art statistical and mathematical approaches were developed to estimate divorce and widowhood rates and their impacts on vital rates and life‐history outcomes. In this population, females incur a higher mortality rate due to incidental fishery bycatch, so the population is male‐skewed. Therefore, we first posited that males would show higher widowhood rates negatively correlated with fishing effort and females would have higher divorce rates because they have more mating opportunities. Furthermore, we expected that divorce could be an adaptive strategy, whereby individuals improved breeding success by breeding with a new partner of better quality. Finally, we posited that pair‐bond disruptions could reduce survival and breeding probabilities owing to the cost of remating processes, with important consequences for life‐history outcomes. As expected, we showed that males had higher widowhood rates than females and females had higher divorce rates in this male‐skewed population. However, no correlation was found between fishing effort and male widowhood. Secondly, contrary to our expectation, we found that divorce was likely nonadaptive in this population. We propose that divorce in this population is caused by an intruder who outcompetes the original partner in line with the so‐called forced divorce hypothesis. Furthermore, we found a 16.7% and 18.0% reduction in LRS only for divorced and widowed males, respectively, owing to missing breeding seasons after a pair‐bond disruption. Finally, we found that divorced individuals were more likely to divorce again, but whether this is related to specific individual characteristics remains an important area of investigation.
FoRAGE database: A compilation of functional responses for consumers and parasitoids
Authors: Uiterwaal Stella F. , Lagerstrom Ian T. , Lyon Shelby R. , DeLong John P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFunctional responses, the relationships between consumer foraging rate and resource (prey) density, provide key insights into consumer–resource interactions while also being a major driver of population dynamics and food web structure. We present a global database of 2598 standardized functional responses and parameters extracted from the published literature. We refit the functional responses with a Type II model using standardized methods and report the fitted parameters along with data on experimental conditions, consumer and resource taxonomy and type, as well as the habitat and dimensionality of the foraging interaction. The consumer and resource species covered here are taxonomically diverse, from protozoans filtering algae to wasps parasitizing moth larvae to wolves hunting moose. The FoRAGE (Functional Responses from Around the Globe in all Ecosystems) database (doi: 10.5063/DB807S) is a living data set that will be updated periodically as new functional responses are published. Data are released under a CC‐By‐NC‐SA license, and credit should be given to this paper when referring to this specific version of the data release.
Contrasting patterns of richness, abundance, and turnover in mountain bumble bees and their floral hosts
Authors: Sponsler Douglas B. , Requier Fabrice , Kallnik Katharina , Classen Alice , Maihoff Fabienne , Sieger Johanna , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnvironmental gradients generate and maintain biodiversity on Earth. Mountain slopes are among the most pronounced terrestrial environmental gradients, and the elevational structure of species and their interactions can provide unique insight into the processes that govern community assembly and function in mountain ecosystems. We recorded bumble bee–flower interactions over 3 years along a 1400‐m elevational gradient in the German Alps. Using nonlinear modeling techniques, we analyzed elevational patterns at the levels of abundance, species richness, species β‐diversity, and interaction β‐diversity. Though floral richness exhibited a midelevation peak, bumble bee richness increased with elevation before leveling off at the highest sites, demonstrating the exceptional adaptation of these bees to cold temperatures and short growing seasons. In terms of abundance, though, bumble bees exhibited divergent species‐level responses to elevation, with a clear separation between species preferring low versus high elevations. Overall interaction β‐diversity was mainly caused by strong turnover in the floral community, which exhibited a well‐defined threshold of β‐diversity rate at the tree line ecotone. Interaction β‐diversity increased sharply at the upper extreme of the elevation gradient (1800–2000 m), an interval over which we also saw steep decline in floral richness and abundance. Turnover of bumble bees along the elevation gradient was modest, with the highest rate of β‐diversity occurring over the interval from low‐ to mid‐elevation sites. The contrast between the relative robustness bumble bee communities and sensitivity of plant communities to the elevational gradient in our study suggests that the strongest effects of climate change on mountain bumble bees may be indirect effects mediated by the responses of their floral hosts, though bumble bee species that specialize in high‐elevation habitats may also experience significant direct effects of warming.