bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Arthritis as an Emerging Disability: Vocational Rehabilitation Strategies in the Wake of the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Rumrill Phillip D. , Koch Lynn C. , Park Mirang , Lee Deborah , Bishop Malachy L. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeAmericans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent an emerging vocational rehabilitation (VR) clientele.MethodFollowing an overview of the etiology, incidence, prevalence, and impact of RA, the authors present strategies to meet the service and support needs of Americans with RA across the phases of the VR process.ResultsThe importance of individualized case planning, employer consultation, workplace accommodations, interface with medical and mental health professionals, and adherence to social distancing requirements resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic is emphasized throughout the article.ConclusionsRA is an emerging disability that can affect people at any age, and rehabilitation counselors must be prepared to meet the service needs of this growing clientele.
The use of botulinum toxin injection into the mentalis muscle in aesthetic medicine procedures
Authors: Przybylska Patrycja , Morawska Alicja , Ortarzewska Martyna , Parvanov Margarita 
Published: February 2022

Botulinum toxin, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, paralyzes muscle contraction by inhibiting the conduction of nerve impulses. Injections of the preparation are widely used as a non-surgical method of improving the face appearance. The mentalis muscles and the surrounding soft tissue are considered key structures in lower facial rejuvenation treatments.The ability to precisely locate the muscle is a challenge for every doctor who performs treatments with the use of neurotoxin and determines therapeutic success. The muscle extends 5–10 mm from the midline and 20–30 mm from the horizontal line joining the mouth, and is present at a depth of 6.7–10.7 mm under the skin. Typically, a single midline injection of 4 to 10 units of onobotulin, incobotulin, parabotulin or 12–30 U of abobotulin is sufficient. Two injections laterally from the center of the chin are allowed, using 4–5 units of the toxin (12–15 U for abobotulin). The aim of the article is to review the use of neurotoxin injection into the mental muscle in aesthetic medicine procedures.
COVID-19–Related Discrimination Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Other Marginalized Communities in the United States
Authors: Strassle Paula D. , Stewart Anita L. , Quintero Stephanie M. , Bonilla Jackie , Alhomsi Alia , Santana-Ufret Verónica , Maldonado Ana I. , Forde Allana T. , Nápoles Anna María 
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of COVID-19–related discrimination among major US racial/ethnic groups and estimate associations between discrimination, race/ethnicity, and other sociodemographic characteristics. Methods. We conducted a nationally representative online survey of 5500 American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Latino (English and Spanish speaking), White, and multiracial adults from December 2020 to February 2021. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19–related discrimination were estimated via multinomial logistic regression. Results. A total of 22.1% of the participants reported experiencing discriminatory behaviors, and 42.7% reported that people acted afraid of them. All racial/ethnic minorities were more likely than White adults to experience COVID-19–related discrimination, with Asian and American Indian/Alaska Native adults being most likely to experience such discrimination (discriminatory behaviors: adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73, 3.89; and AOR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.76, 4.04; people acting afraid: AOR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.15, 2.07; and AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.34, 2.51). Limited English proficiency, lower education, lower income, and residing in a big city or the East South Central census division also increased the prevalence of discrimination. Conclusions. COVID-19–related discrimination is common, and it appears that the pandemic has exacerbated preexisting resentment against racial/ethnic minorities and marginalized communities. Efforts are needed to minimize and discredit racially driven language and discrimination around COVID-19 and future epidemics. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):453–466. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306594 )
Multilevel Intervention for Low-Income Maternal Smokers in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Authors: Collins Bradley N. , Lepore Stephen J. , Egleston Brian L. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To test the efficacy of Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS), a multilevel intervention initiated in a citywide safety net health system to improve low-income maternal smokers’ abstinence and reduce child tobacco smoke exposure. Methods. This randomized controlled trial in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2015–2020), recruited low-income maternal smokers who received a brief smoking intervention (Ask, Advise, Refer [AAR]) from nutrition professionals in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children before randomization to (1) a multilevel intervention (AAR + multimodal behavioral intervention [MBI]; n = 199) or (2) an attention control intervention (AAR + control; n = 197). Results. AAR + MBI mothers had significantly higher 12-month bioverified abstinence rates than did AAR + control mothers (odds ratio [OR] = 9.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54, 59.30; P = .015). There were significant effects of time (b = −0.15; SE = 0.04; P < .001) and condition by time (b = −0.19; SE = 0.06; P < .001) on reported child exposure favoring AAR + MBI, but no group difference in child cotinine. Presence of other residential smokers was related to higher exposure. Higher baseline nicotine dependence was related to higher child exposure and lower abstinence likelihood at follow-up. Conclusions. The multilevel BLiSS intervention was acceptable and efficacious in a population that experiences elevated challenges with cessation. Public Health Implications. BLiSS is a translatable intervention model that can successfully improve efforts to address the persistent tobacco-related burdens in low-income communities. Trial Registration. Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT02602288. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):472–481. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306601 )
Spinopelvic Characteristics Normalize 1 Year After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Innmann Moritz M. , Verhaegen Jeroen C.F. , Reichel Franz , Schaper Bibiane , Merle Christian , Grammatopoulos George 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The presence of hip osteoarthritis is associated with abnormal spinopelvic characteristics. This study aimed to determine whether the preoperative, pathological spinopelvic characteristics normalize at 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:
This was a prospective, longitudinal, case-control, matched cohort study. Forty-seven patients undergoing THA underwent preoperative and 1-year postoperative assessments. This group was matched with regard to age, sex, and body mass index with 47 controls (volunteers) with well-functioning hips. All participants underwent clinical and radiographic assessments including lateral radiographs in standing, relaxed-seated, and deep-flexed-seated positions. Spinopelvic characteristics included change in lumbar lordosis (ΔLL), change in pelvic tilt (ΔPT), and hip flexion (change in pelvic-femoral angle, ΔPFA) when moving from a standing position to either of the seated positions. Spinopelvic hypermobility was defined as ΔPT > 30° between the standing and upright-seated positions.

Results:
Patients who underwent THA, compared with the control group, preoperatively demonstrated less mean change in hip flexion (ΔPFA, −54.8° ± 17.1° compared with −68.5° ± 9.5°; p < 0.001), greater mean change in pelvic tilt (ΔPT, 22.0° ± 13.5° compared with 12.7° ± 8.1°; p < 0.001), and greater mean lumbar movement (ΔLL, −22.7° ± 15.5° compared with −15.4° ± 10.9°; p = 0.015) transitioning from a standing position to an upright-seated position. After THA, these differences were no longer present between the THA group and the control group: the mean postoperative changes were −65.8° ± 12.5° (p = 0.256) for ΔPFA, 14.3° ± 9.5° (p = 0.429) for ΔPT, and −15.3° ± 10.6° (p = 0.966) for ΔLL. The higher prevalence of spinopelvic hypermobility in the THA group compared with the control group that was observed preoperatively (21% compared with 0%; p = 0.009) was no longer present after THA (6% compared with 0%; p = 0.194). Similar results were found moving from a standing position to a deep-seated position after THA.

Conclusions:
Preoperative spinopelvic characteristics that contribute to abnormal mechanics can normalize after THA following improvement in hip flexion. This leads to patients having the expected hip, pelvic, and spinal flexion as demographically matched controls, thus potentially eliminating abnormal mechanics that contribute to the development or exacerbation of hip-spine syndrome.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression Are Preferable for the Analysis of Time to Revision of Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Lie Stein Atle , Fenstad Anne Marie , Lygre Stein Håkon L. , Kroken Gard , Dybvik Eva , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Hallan Geir , Dale Håvard , Furnes Ove 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Previous studies have suggested that the probability function of 1 minus the Kaplan-Meier survivorship overestimates revision rates of implants and that patient death should be included in estimates as a competing risk factor. The present study aims to demonstrate that this line of thinking is incorrect and is a misunderstanding of both the Kaplan-Meier method and competing risks.

Methods:
This study demonstrated the differences, misunderstandings, and interpretations of classical, competing-risk, and illness-death models with use of data from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register for 15,734 cemented and 7,867 uncemented total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed from 1987 to 2000, with fixation as the exposure variable.

Results:
The mean age was higher for patients who underwent cemented (72 years) versus uncemented THA (53 years); as such, a greater proportion of patients who underwent cemented THA had died during the time of the study (47% compared with 29%). The risk of revision at 20 years was 18% for cemented and 42% for uncemented THAs. The cumulative incidence function at 20 years was 11% for cemented and 36% for uncemented THAs. The prevalence of revision at 20 years was 6% for cemented and 31% for uncemented THAs.

Conclusions:
Adding death as a competing risk will always attenuate the probability of revision and does not correct for dependency between patient death and THA revision. Adjustment for age and sex almost eliminated differences in risk estimates between the different regression models. In the analysis of time until revision of joint replacements, classical survival analyses are appropriate and should be advocated.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Empleo rural y LEADER: actores, territorios y beneficiarios en Andalucía (2007–2015)
Authors: Cejudo García Eugenio , Cañete Pérez José Antonio , Navarro Valverde Francisco Antonio , Ruiz Moya Noelia 
Published: February 2022

LEADER es una de las actuaciones más relevantes en materia de desarrollo rural puesta en marcha por la Unión Europea. Sus repercusiones socioeconómicas, lastradas por su exiguo presupuesto, han sido poco analizadas a escala municipal y para un territorio amplio. Abordamos su cuantificación a través de la inversión y tipo de empleo generado, según promotor, ámbito espacial y perfil de los beneficiados, en los 6225 proyectos ejecutados en Andalucía entre los años 2007–2015. Se constata tanto el desigual comportamiento de los diferentes actores según territorios como el menor empleo generado y, dentro de él, creado, respecto del periodo anterior 2000–2006. Son las Sociedades Mercantiles, especialmente las Limitadas, las que más empleo generan. Estas últimas, junto a las personas físicas, son las que más apuestan por la creación de empleo nuevo como forma de autoempleo frente a la crisis, ocupado por jóvenes y mujeres, mayoritariamente. Mientras las primeras benefician sobre todo al colectivo femenino y tienden a concentrarse en las áreas más dinámicas, las segundas adquieren relevancia en el mundo rural. Tanto las asociaciones, por la absoluta presencia de la mujer en ellas, como las Sociedades Cooperativas, por su fuerte implantación territorial y su relación con el sector agrario, juegan un papel relevante.
Comprehensive Analysis of M6A-Related lncRNAs, Immune Checkpoints and Immune Infiltrates in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hui Lin , Junhua Zhang , Xiaoyu Guo , Lihua Wang , Qiao Xi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cancer in the world and is strongly related to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which is mediated by N6 Methyladenosine-related long noncoding RNAs (m6A-related lncRNAs). In order to explore the underlying effective treatment and prognostic biomarkers, the correlation of m6A-related lncRNA, TIME with survival deserves in-depth study.
Methods
All the data which include 53 tumor samples as well as 72 normal samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Herein, we systematically explored the correlations of prominent m6A-related lncRNAs with 5 immune checkpoints (CTLA4, TIGIT, PDCD1, CD19 and LAG3) and immune infiltrates. Patients were divided into 2 clusters based on 30 prognostic m6A-related lncRNAs. Six m6A-related lncRNA-associated signatures were used to construct a risk model for ccRCC. Following that, we investigated the correlation between m6A-related lncRNA-associated signatures and immune cells, immune score, and immune checkpoints.
Results
The expressions of these 5 immune checkpoints (CTLA4, TIGIT, PDCD1, CD19 and LAG3) were positively correlated with the expressions of the 30 m6A-related lncRNAs. Compared to cluster 1, cluster 2 had a higher immunoscore, remarkable immune cell infiltration, upregulated checkpoints and poor prognosis. The hallmarks protein secret, androgen response, adipogenesis, bile acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway were remarkably enriched in the cluster 1. With high-risk scores, patients had higher immunoscore and higher expression of the 5 immune checkpoints. The amount of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was dynamically altered by copy-number changes in m6A-related lncRNA-associated signatures.
Conclusions
Our research revealed the crucial involvement of m6A-related lncRNAs in the TIME of ccRCC. The suggested m6A-related lncRNA-associated signatures might be important mediators of TIME in ccRCC, providing ideal therapeutic targets in immunotherapeutic effectiveness.
Health-related Quality of Life in Osteoporosis Patients with and without Fractures in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rajabi Marzieh , Ostovar Afshin , Sari Ali Akbari , Sajjadi-Jazi Sayed Mahmoud , Larijani Bagher , Fahimfar Noushin , Daroudi Rajabali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis and related fractures are associated with significant morbidity and reduced Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The objective of this study was to measure the HRQoL of osteoporosis patients in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Method: We surveyed a sample of 478 patients with osteoporosis aged over 50 years with and without osteoporotic fractures. Patients with osteoporotic fractures (hip, vertebral, and forearm) admitted to the educational hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences-Iran, during 2017 were randomly selected. Patients without osteoporotic fractures were also randomly selected among patients with a definite diagnosis of osteoporosis who were referred to three outpatient clinics in Tehran during 2017. Data were collected using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Statistical differences between patients with and without a history of fracture were tested with Pearson’s χ2 test, Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test. The association between HRQOL and other variables was evaluated using a multiple linear regression model.Result: The mean ±SD age of the patient was 67.3±11.9 years, and 65% were women. A hundred and seventeen (23%) patients had hip fractures, 56 (11%) patients had vertebral fractures, 127 (25%) patients had forearm fractures and 178 (40%) patients had no fractures. The median (interquartile range) values of HRQOL scores of those with hip, vertebral, and forearm fractures and those with no history of fracture were 0.53 (0.22), 0.60 (0.28), 0.64 (0.26), and 0.64 (0.27), respectively. According to the result of multiple regression model there was a significant relationship between the HRQoL scores and gender, marital status, employment status, presence of any chronic illness in addition to osteoporosis and type of fracture.Conclusion: Osteoporosis and related fractures significantly reduced HRQoL. Due to the significant negative impacts of the osteoporosis on HRQoL and healthcare expenditures, Intervention strategies should be tailored to prevent it and to improve the HRQoL of osteoporosis patients.
First report of de novo assembly and annotation from brain and blood transcriptome of an anadromous shad, Alosa sapidissima
Authors: Sarker Kishor Kumar , Lu Liang , Huang Junman , Zhou Tao , Wang Li , Hu Yun , Jiang Lei , Naher Habibon , Baki Mohammad Abdul , Sarker Anirban , Li Chenhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: American shad (Alosa sapidissima) is an important migratory fish under Alosine and has long been valued for its economic, nutritional and cultural attributes. Overfishing and barriers across the passage made it vulnerable to sustain. To protect this valuable species, aquaculture action plans have been taken though there are no published genetic resources prevailing yet. So, here we reported a de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation for A. sapidissima from blood and brain tissues for the first time.Data description: We generated 160,481 and 129,040 non-redundant transcripts from brain and blood tissues. The entire work strategy involved RNA extraction, library preparation, sequencing, de novo assembly, filtering, annotation and validation. Both coding and non-coding transcripts were annotated against Swissprot and Pfam datasets. Nearly, 83% coding transcripts were functionally assigned. Protein clustering with clupeiform and non-clupeiform taxa revealed ~82% coding transcripts retained the orthologue relationship which improved confidence over annotation procedure. Hopefully, it can serve as an useful resource in future for the research community to elucidate molecular mechanisms for several key traits like migration which is fascinating in clupeiform shads.
A novel natural trimyristic acid (TMA) from nutmeg/expanded vermiculite (EV) blended PCM for thermal energy storage in lime cubes
Authors: Ramdoss Ravi , Vandana Loka prakash 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Trimyristin acid/expanded vermiculite (TMA/EV)-blended PCM (BPCM) was synthesized by ingesting fluid TMA (phase change material) within EVs (shielding matter). Its alchemical fabrication, microstructure, and thermic characteristics were identified and examined. In the TMA/EV CPCM, the usual significant volume content of TMA was 97% by adopting the diffusion–exudation ring style concerning the 1st time. (FTIR) A study showed that TMA and EV signified an essential natural blend in that a slight combination shift was not seen, and both shared no biochemical effect. (DSC) examination outcomes revealed that the liquified and solidified passive heats of the TMA/EV BPCM were 54.4 °C and 51.4 °C, respectively, and the softening and cooling passive heats were 185.5 and 188.7 Following various heat-cycling speedups, the material still had a tremendous thermic-energy storage impact. TMA/EV CPCM thermic conductivity was significantly enhanced by adding EV. Outcomes of thermic depot/liberated trials showed that the thermic area and discharge proportions of the TMA/EV PCM system held considerably advanced while matched, including the TMAs. Specific outcomes confirmed that TMA/EV BPCM was a suitable below-temperature thermic energy depository storage blended substance.
Employment status of AFROHUN-Uganda One Health alumni, and facilitators and barriers for application of the One Health approach: a tracer study
Authors: Ssekamatte Tonny , Mugambe Richard K. , Nalugya Aisha , Isunju John Bosco , Kalibala Patrick , Musewa Angella , Bikaako Winnie , Nattimba Milly , Tigaiza Arnold , Nakalembe Doreen , Osuret Jimmy , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Okech Samuel , Buregyeya Esther , Tsiouris Fatima , Michaels-Strasser Susan , Kabasa John David , Bazeyo William 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe One Health (OH) approach integrates multiple competencies in the prevention and control of disease outbreaks. Through a range of OH competence-based activities, the Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN) built the capacity of selected students at Makerere University and Mbarara University of Science and Technology. This study applied the Systems Theoretical Framework (STF) of career development to establish the employment status of AFROHUN-Uganda alumni, and the facilitators and barriers for application of the OH approach in their organisations.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using mixed methods to collect and analyse data from a random sample of 182 OH alumni of the 2013-2018 cohorts. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics were computed using Stata 14.0 statistical software. A total of 12 in-depth interviews were conducted, and NVivo 12 Pro was used to organise data during thematic analysis.ResultsWhile the majority, 87.4% were or got employed after participating in the AFROHUN Uganda capacity building programme, 68.1% were employed at the time of the survey, 57.7% have worked with their current employer for at least a year, and 39% hold managerial positions. The facilitators of applying the OH approach into employing organisations included being knowledgeable about OH, the presence of a multidisciplinary workforce, the nature of activities implemented, and existing partnerships and collaborations between organisations. The barriers to the application of the OH approach included limited funding, a negative attitude towards working with people from other disciplines, and limited knowledge of the One Health approach.ConclusionNotably, more than two-thirds of the OH alumni are employed, and more than a third hold managerial position. While these findings portray a fairly good absorption rate of the OH alumni into the workforce, they also highlight the facilitators of application of the OH approach that need to be promoted as well as the barriers that need to be addressed if the application of the OH approach is to be improved within the workforce.