bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of growth rates, microstructural properties and biochemical composition on the thermal stability of mycelia fungi
Authors: Chulikavit Nattanan , Huynh Tien , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Khatibi Akbar , Mouritz Adrian , Kandare Everson 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMycelium fungal species exhibit fire retardant characteristics. The influence of the growth media on the fungal growth rates, biochemical composition, and microstructural characteristics and their relationship to thermal properties is poorly understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that molasses can support the growth of non-pathogenic Basidiomycota phylum fungal species producing bio-derived materials with potential fire retardation characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to interrogate the microstructural and biochemical properties of the molasses-grown mycelia species. Thermal decomposition of molasses-fed mycelia was evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis interfaced with FTIR for real-time evolved gas analysis. The morphological and microstructural characteristics of the residual char post-thermal exposure were also evaluated. The material characterization enabled the establishment of a relationship between the microstructural, biochemical properties, and thermal properties of molasses-fed mycelia. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms governing the thermal degradation of three mycelial species grown in molasses. These research findings advance the knowledge of critical parameters controlling fungal growth rates and yields as well as how the microstructural and biochemical properties influence the thermal response of mycelia.
Topological state transfer in Kresling origami
Authors: Miyazawa Yasuhiro , Chen Chun-Wei , Chaunsali Rajesh , Gormley Timothy S. , Yin Ge , Theocharis Georgios , Yang Jinkyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTopological mechanical metamaterials have been widely explored for their boundary states, which can be robustly isolated or transported in a controlled manner. However, such systems often require pre-configured design or complex active actuation for wave manipulation. Here, we present the possibility of in-situ transfer of topological boundary modes by leveraging the reconfigurability intrinsic in twisted origami lattices. In particular, we employ a dimer Kresling origami system consisting of unit cells with opposite chirality, which couples longitudinal and rotational degrees of freedom in elastic waves. The quasi-static twist imposed on the lattice alters the strain landscape of the lattice, thus significantly affecting the wave dispersion relations and the topology of the underlying bands. This in turn facilitates an efficient topological state transfer from one edge to the other. This simple and practical approach to energy transfer in origami-inspired lattices can thus inspire a new class of efficient energy manipulation devices.
Internet of Things‐based smart insect monitoring system using a deep neural network
Authors: Wang JiangTao , Bu Yufei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccording to recent studies, insects make up the vast majority of all animal species on the planet, and their numbers are rapidly dwindling. This occurrence has been recorded by a variety of insect taxa and geographic locales, but there is insufficient data to identify its true extent. Most monitoring methods are ineffective and time‐consuming, making insect population analysis difficult. Computer vision and deep learning advancements, on the other hand, may soon give new answers to this global challenge. Using cameras and other sensors, entomologists can gather data continuously and non‐invasively at any time of day or season. To capture specimens' physical appearance, automated imaging can be utilised in the laboratory. This data can be used to build a deep learning model to predict the quantity, biomass, and variety of insects. Additionally, deep learning models can measure the variability of phenotypic features, behaviour, and interactions. We may thank current advances in deep learning and computer vision for the immediate demand for more cost‐effective insect and invertebrate monitoring systems. Insect monitoring using sensors is demonstrated. Here, we show how deep‐learning algorithms might extract ecological information from massive data sets, and we explore the challenges ahead. There are four areas that will help us achieve our goal: There is a need for verification of taxonomic identification using pictures; sufficient training data; public reference databases; and ways for integrating molecular and deep learning technology.
Mining regular behaviors based on spatiotemporal trajectory multi‐dimensional features
Authors: Jiang Qiaowen , Liu Yu , Wang Bencai , He Qifang , Zhang Caisheng , Ding Ziran , Jian Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the military and civilian surveillance domain, it is of great significance to mine regular behaviours of targets for situation awareness and command decision support. Most of the existing trajectory clustering algorithms only consider the similarity of spatial position of the trajectory, without sufficient multi‐dimensional information such as time, course and velocity. Some approaches based on information fusion take these multi‐dimensional information into account, but the features with different dimensions fused by weight coefficients are not robust and universal for different scenarios. In this paper, a regular behaviour mining method based on spatiotemporal trajectory multi‐dimensional features and density clustering is proposed. Firstly, multi‐dimensional Hausdorff similarity is defined to measure spatiotemporal trajectory from different feature dimensionalities. Different from methods based on information fusion, the proposed method defines trajectory density in feature similarity of different dimensions and adaptively determines parameters according to feature distribution in different dimensions. Experimental results in simulated and radar measured trajectory data show that the proposed method can be accurate and robust in clustering evaluation indexes such as Purity, Precision, Recall and Rand Index from different scenarios, which has a good application prospect in intelligent surveillance tasks.
Inhalative Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen der unteren Atemwege bei Hund und Katze – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Klenk Friederike K. , Schulz Bianka 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungChronische Atemwegserkrankungen sind prävalente Krankheiten bei Hunden und Katzen, die meist einer lebenslangen Therapie bedürfen. Grundpfeiler vieler chronisch-entzündlicher Atemwegserkrankungen stellen Glukokortikoide dar. Zum Teil wird die Therapie zur besseren Symptomkontrolle zusätzlich durch Bronchodilatatoren ergänzt.Aufgrund des erfolgreichen Einsatzes inhalativer Glukokortikoide in der Humanmedizin und der damit verbundenen Verringerung systemischer Nebenwirkungen, gewinnt auch in der Tiermedizin die Inhalationstherapie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Hierzu werden bei Hund und Katze vor allem Inhalationskammern (engl. „Spacer“ oder „Valved Holding Chambers“) in Kombination mit Dosieraerosolen verwendet. Die technischen Eigenschaften dieser Geräte sowie ihre Handhabung und Instandhaltung werden im Folgenden aufgezeigt. Darüber hinaus soll die aktuelle Studienlage zur Anwendung und Wirksamkeit inhalativer Präparate zur Therapie chronischer Atemwegserkrankungen bei Hunden und Katzen in folgendem Artikel zusammengefasst werden.
Free-Radical-Involved Trifluoromethylthiolation Cyclization of Alkenes To Access SCF3-Substituted Indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines
Authors: Li Lijun , Liu Zhong-Quan , Li Zejiang , Li Yang , Yan Qinqin , Ren Yingming , Li Xuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFree-radical-promoted tandem trifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes with AgSCF3, which provides an efficient protocol for the construction of SCF3-modified indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines with moderate to good yields. A series of scaled-up experiments, other substrate transformations, and radical inhibition experiments were operated to verify the merit of this reaction system.
Traumatic Atlanto-occipital Dislocation in Children Followed by Hydrocephalus – A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Formentin Cleiton , Santos Lucas de Souza Rodrigues dos , Maeda Fernando Luis , Tedeschi Helder , Ghizoni Enrico , Joaquim Andrei F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTraumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (TAOD) are uncommon injuries associated with high immediate mortality rate and occurs more than twice in children than adults, due to biomechanical properties and immaturity of children's cervical spine. We report a pediatric patient with TAOD, who underwent occipitocervical stabilization and also developed a late hydrocephalus requiring a shunt procedure. A six-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department after a car accident with refractory cervical pain. A cervical computed tomography (CT) scan showed an anterior C1–C2 level hematoma, and a dynamic CT scan demonstrated an increasing basion-dens interval on extension. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed discontinuity of the tectorial membrane and diffused hyperintense signal on the left alar ligament. These findings were attributed to TAOD, and an occipitocervical fusion was performed. The pain and neurological status improved after surgery, but after 3 months he returned with persistent vomiting, headache, and a CT scan showing hydrocephalus. Then, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed, improving the symptoms. One year after the injury, the patient remained asymptomatic, and a later radiography demonstrated satisfactory bone fusion. In conclusion, the decision-making process regarding treatment should consider several clinical and radiographic findings. Occipitocervical fusion is the treatment of choice, while hydrocephalus is not an unusual complication in children.
Importance-sampling FCIQMC: Solving weak sign-problem systems
Authors: Liebermann Niklas , Ghanem Khaldoon , Alavi Ali 
Published: September 2022

We investigate the exact full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo algorithm (without the initiator approximation) applied to weak sign-problem fermionic systems, namely, systems in which the energy gap to the corresponding sign-free or “stoquastized” state is small. We show that the minimum number of walkers required to exactly overcome the sign problem can be significantly reduced via an importance-sampling similarity transformation even though the similarity-transformed Hamiltonian has the same stoquastic gap as the untransformed one. Furthermore, we show that in the off-half-filling Hubbard model at U/t = 8, the real-space (site) representation has a much weaker sign problem compared to the momentum space representation. By applying importance sampling using a Gutzwiller-like guiding wavefunction, we are able to substantially reduce the minimum number of walkers in the case of 2 × ℓ Hubbard ladders, enabling us to get exact energies for sizable ladders. With these results, we calculate the fundamental charge gap ΔEfund = E(N + 1) + E(N − 1) − 2E(N) for the ladder systems compared to strictly one-dimensional Hubbard chains and show that the ladder systems have a reduced fundamental gap compared to the 1D chains.
Mechanism by which T7 bacteriophage protein Gp1.2 inhibits
Escherichia coli
dGTPase
Authors: Klemm Bradley P. , Singh Deepa , Smith Cassandra E. , Hsu Allen L. , Dillard Lucas B. , Krahn Juno M. , London Robert E. , Mueller Geoffrey A. , Borgnia Mario J. , Schaaper Roel M. 
Published: September 2022

Levels of the cellular dNTPs, the direct precursors for DNA synthesis, are important for DNA replication fidelity, cell cycle control, and resistance against viruses.
Escherichia coli
encodes a dGTPase (2′-deoxyguanosine-5′-triphosphate [dGTP] triphosphohydrolase [dGTPase];
dgt
gene, Dgt) that establishes the normal dGTP level required for accurate DNA replication but also plays a role in protecting
E. coli
against bacteriophage T7 infection by limiting the dGTP required for viral DNA replication. T7 counteracts Dgt using an inhibitor, the gene
1.2
product (Gp1.2). This interaction is a useful model system for studying the ongoing evolutionary virus/host “arms race.” We determined the structure of Gp1.2 by NMR spectroscopy and solved high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Dgt–Gp1.2 complex also including either dGTP substrate or GTP coinhibitor bound in the active site. These structures reveal the mechanism by which Gp1.2 inhibits Dgt and indicate that Gp1.2 preferentially binds the GTP-bound form of Dgt. Biochemical assays reveal that the two inhibitors use different modes of inhibition and bind to Dgt in combination to yield enhanced inhibition. We thus propose an in vivo inhibition model wherein the Dgt–Gp1.2 complex equilibrates with GTP to fully inactivate Dgt, limiting dGTP hydrolysis and preserving the dGTP pool for viral DNA replication.
Memo1 binds reduced copper ions, interacts with copper chaperone Atox1, and protects against copper-mediated redox activity in vitro
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Walke Gulshan R. , Horvath Istvan , Kumar Ranjeet , Blockhuys Stéphanie , Holgersson Stellan , Walton Paul H. , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla 
Published: September 2022

The protein mediator of ERBB2-driven cell motility 1 (Memo1) is connected to many signaling pathways that play key roles in cancer. Memo1 was recently postulated to bind copper (Cu) ions and thereby promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. Since the concentration of Cu as well as ROS are increased in cancer cells, both can be toxic if not well regulated. Here, we investigated the Cu-binding capacity of Memo1 using an array of biophysical methods at reducing as well as oxidizing conditions in vitro. We find that Memo1 coordinates two reduced Cu (Cu(I)) ions per protein, and, by doing so, the metal ions are shielded from ROS generation. In support of biological relevance, we show that the cytoplasmic Cu chaperone Atox1, which delivers Cu(I) in the secretory pathway, can interact with and exchange Cu(I) with Memo1 in vitro and that the two proteins exhibit spatial proximity in breast cancer cells. Thus, Memo1 appears to act as a Cu(I) chelator (perhaps shuttling the metal ion to Atox1 and the secretory path) that protects cells from Cu-mediated toxicity, such as uncontrolled formation of ROS. This Memo1 functionality may be a safety mechanism to cope with the increased demand of Cu ions in cancer cells.
Volatile concepts
Authors: Fitzmaurice Susan , Mehl Seth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the value of studying co-occurrence ‘quads’ – constellations of four non-adjacent lemmas that consistently co-occur across spans of up to 100 tokens – for understanding discursive change. We map meaning onto quads as ‘discursive concepts’, which encompass encyclopaedic semantics, pragmatics, and context. We investigate a high-frequency quad with high co-occurrence strength in EEBO-TCP: world-heaven-earth-power. We conduct semantic and pragmatic analysis to generate hypotheses regarding discursive change. The quad’s components are semantically underspecified; thus, although the quad indicates a discursive concept, each instantiation of the quad is variable, contingent, and dependent upon context and pragmatic processes for interpretation. We observe how the vague lexemes that constitute building blocks of religious discourse are employed to generate new, timely secular discourses; and we argue that semantic underspecification is the site and source of discursive change. Indeed, the volatile, unstable nature of the component lexical meanings renders them indispensable to early modern debate.
Pioneers of contrastive linguistics
Authors: Vinogradov Igor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper revisits the translational practices of Dominican missionaries who worked in multilingual settings in
the Guatemalan highlands in the colonial period. It is argued that the missionaries developed the emerging ideas of European
Renaissance linguistics and applied methods of contrastive linguistics to indigenous languages long before this discipline came
into being. The main argument derives from an 18th-century collection of missionary writings in Q’eqchi’ and Poqomchi’, two Mayan
languages spoken in Guatemala. An uncommon phrase-by-phrase alignment of bilingual texts allows for the assumption that a
contrastive approach to genetically related languages could be the underlying principle in language learning and translation at
that time.
‘That is very important, isn’t it?’
Authors: Živković Branka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study explores the use of content-oriented questions in British and Montenegrin university lectures. It examines their formal realisation, their frequency and their contextual functions, as well as the differences and similarities related to these questions between British linguistics lectures taken from the standard British corpora, and a specially compiled corpus of Montenegrin linguistics lectures. Compared to previous studies on content-oriented questions, one modified and five new functions are revealed, alongside one new formal realisation. The main differences between the corpora include the greater frequency of content-oriented questions in the Montenegrin lectures and a new questioning realisation, found only in the Montenegrin corpus, which is potentially attributable to differences between academic cultures. The major similarities relate to the use of the four most common question forms, which perform the same contextual functions. This contrastive study thus provides insights into the additional communicative functions and forms of content-oriented questions in university lectures.
Spintronics in double stranded magnetic helix: role of non-uniform disorder
Authors: Sarkar Suparna , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The spin dependent transport phenomena are investigated in a double stranded (ds) magnetic helix (MH) structure. Two different helical systems, short-range hopping helix and long range hopping (LRH) helix, are taken into account. We explore the role of these two kinds of geometries on spin dependent transport phenomena. Using Green’s function formalism within a tight-binding framework we compute transport quantities which include spin dependent transmission probabilities, junction currents and spin polarization (SP) coefficient. High degree of SP is obtained for the LRH MH. The SP can be tuned by changing the inter-strand hopping and the direction of magnetic moments at different lattice sites. We find atypical features when we include impurities in one strand of the MH, keeping the other strand free. Unlike uniform disordered systems, SP gets increased with impurity strength beyond a critical value. The effect of temperature on SP and experimental possibilities of our proposed quantum system are also discussed, to make the present communication a self-contained one. Our analysis may provide a new route to explore interesting spintronic properties using similar kind of fascinating helical geometries, possessing higher order electron hopping and subjected to non-uniform disorder.
DFT-1/2 method applied to 3D topological insulators
Authors: Mota Tulio , Matusalem Filipe , Marques Marcelo , Teles Lara K , Guilhon Ivan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present results and describe the methodology of application of DFT-1/2 method for five three-dimensional topological insulators materials that have been extensively studied in last years: Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, CuTlSe2 and CuTlS2. There are many differences between the results of simple DFT calculations and quasiparticle energy correction methods for these materials, especially for band dispersion in the character band inversion region. The DFT-1/2 leads to quite accurate results not only for band gaps, but also for the shape and atomic character of the bands in the neighborhood of the inversion region as well as the topological invariants, essential quantities to describe the topological properties of materials. The methodology is efficient and ease to apply for the different approaches used to obtain the topological invariant Z
2, with the benefit of not increasing the computational cost in comparison with standard DFT, possibilitating its application for materials with a high number of atoms and complex systems.
Preliminary exploration of a WTaVTiCr high-entropy alloy as a plasma-facing material
Authors: Li Yu , Sun Yuhan , Cheng Long , Yuan Yue , Jia Baohai , He Jiaqing , Lu Guang-Hong , Luo Guang-Nan , Zhu Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With great power comes great challenges. For nuclear fusion, the holy grail of energy, taming the flame of a miniature star in a solid container remains one of the most fundamental challenges. A tungsten armour for the solid container marks a temporary triumph—a solution adopted by the world’s largest fusion experiment, ITER—but may be insufficient for future challenges. High-entropy alloys (HEAs), which are characteristic of a massive compositional space, may bring new solutions. Here, we explore their potential as plasma-facing materials (PFMs) with a prototype W57Ta21V11Ti8Cr3 HEA that was designed by exploiting the natural-mixing tendency among low-activation refractory elements. Revealed by x-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, it predominantly consists of a single bcc-phase but with V, Ti, and Cr segregation to grain boundaries and at precipitates. Its yield strength improves ∼60% at room temperature and oxidation rate reduces ∼6 times at 1273 K, compared with conventionally used W. The Ti–V–Cr rich segregations and the formed CrTaO4 compound contribute to the improved oxidation resistance. However, the Ti–V–Cr rich segregations, along with the decreasing valence-electron concentration of the matrix by the addition of Ta, V and Ti elements, considerably increase the deuterium retention of the W57Ta21V11Ti8Cr3 HEA to ∼675 multiples of recrystallized W. Moreover, its thermal conductivity decreases, being ∼40% of W at 973 K. However, the maximum tolerable steady-state heat load is still ∼84% of W because of its exceedingly high yield strength at elevated temperatures. Overall, despite being preliminary, we expect HEAs to play an important role in the development of advanced PFMs, for their disadvantages are likely to be compensated by their advantages or be overcome by composition optimization.
Operator spreading in quantum hardcore gases
Authors: Medenjak Marko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article we study a set of integrable quantum cellular automata, the quantum hardcore gases (QHCG), with an arbitrary local Hilbert space dimension, and discuss the matrix product ansatz based approach for solving the dynamics of local operators analytically. Subsequently, we focus on the dynamics of operator spreading, in particular on the out-of-time ordered correlation functions (OTOCs), operator weight spreading and operators space entanglement entropy (OSEE). All of the quantities were conjectured to provide signifying features of integrable systems and quantum chaos. We show that in QHCG OTOCs spread diffusively and that in the limit of the large local Hilbert space dimension they increase linearly with time, despite their integrability. On the other hand, it was recently conjectured that operator weight front, which is associated with the extent of operators, spreads diffusively in both, integrable and generic systems, but its decay seems to differ in these two cases (Lopez-Piqueres et al 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 104307). We observe that the spreading of the operator weight front in QHCG is markedly different from chaotic, generic integrable and free systems, as the front freezes in the long time limit. Finally, we discuss the OSEE in QHCG and show that it grows at most logarithmically with time in accordance with the conjectured behaviour for interacting integrable systems (Alba et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
122 250603).