bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDG-PET/CT in indeterminate thyroid nodules: cost-utility analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial
Authors: de Koster Elizabeth J. , Vriens Dennis , van Aken Maarten O. , Dijkhorst-Oei Lioe-Ting , Oyen Wim J. G. , Peeters Robin P. , Schepers Abbey , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee , van den Hout Wilbert B. ,   for the EfFECTS trial study group
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate cost-effectiveness of an [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup as compared to diagnostic surgery, for thyroid nodules with Bethesda III/IV cytology. [18F]FDG-PET/CT avoids 40% of futile diagnostic surgeries for benign Bethesda III/IV nodules.

Methods
Lifelong societal costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were assessed for 132 patients participating in a randomised controlled multicentre trial comparing [18F]FDG-PET/CT to diagnostic surgery. The observed 1-year trial results were extrapolated using a Markov model. The probability of cost-effectiveness was estimated using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, taking uncertainty about sampling, imputation, and parameters into account.

Results
The observed 1-year cost difference of [18F]FDG-PET/CT as compared to diagnostic surgery was − €1000 (95% CI: − €2100 to €0) for thyroid nodule–related care (p = 0.06). From the broader societal perspective, the 1-year difference in total societal costs was − €4500 (− €9200 to €150) (p = 0.06). Over the modelled lifelong period, the cost difference was − €9900 (− €23,100 to €3200) (p = 0.14). The difference in QALYs was 0.019 (− 0.045 to 0.083) at 1 year (p = 0.57) and 0.402 (− 0.581 to 1.385) over the lifelong period (p = 0.42). For a willingness to pay of €50,000 per QALY, an [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven work-up was the cost-effective strategy with 84% certainty.

Conclusion
Following the observed reduction in diagnostic surgery, an [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup reduced the 1-year thyroid nodule–related and societal costs while sustaining quality of life. It is very likely cost-effective as compared to diagnostic surgery for Bethesda III/IV nodules.
Trial registration number: This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02208544 (5 August 2014), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02208544.
Radiation Dose Aspects of Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy in Uveal Melanoma Patients with Liver Metastases
Authors: Zensen Sebastian , Opitz Marcel K. , Ludwig Johannes M. , Haubold Johannes , Richly Heike , Siveke Jens T. , Theysohn Jens M. , Forsting Michael , Bos Denise , Schaarschmidt Benedikt M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In uveal melanoma patients, liver metastases can be treated by hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). During this procedure, melphalan or, less frequently, fotemustine is infused into the hepatic artery or the hepatic lobe arteries in regularly repeated interventions to achieve local tumor control. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiation exposure of HAIC.

Material and methods
In this retrospective study, dose data from 841 procedures in 140 patients (mean age 65.3 ± 9.9 years, 74 female) who underwent HAIC between 06/2017 and 10/2021 at one of three different angiography systems were analyzed.

Results
In the overall population, dose area product (DAP) (median (IQR)) was 1773 cGy·cm2 (884–3688). DAP was significantly higher in the first intervention, where a complete diagnostic workup of the vasculature was performed, than in follow-up interventions: 5765 cGy·cm2 (3160–8804) versus 1502 cGy·cm2 (807–2712) (p < 0.0001). DAP also increased significantly with the number of infusion positions (median, (IQR)): one position 1301 cGy·cm2 (633–2717), two positions 1985 cGy·cm2 (1118–4074), three positions 6407 cGy·cm2 (2616–11590) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
In uveal melanoma patients with liver metastases undergoing HAIC, radiation exposure is significantly higher both at the first intervention compared to follow-up interventions, but also with increasing number of infusion positions.
Level of evidence: 3
Ultra-high-speed time-resolved PIV of turbulent flows using a continuously pulsing fiber laser
Authors: Geschwindner Christopher , Westrup Katharina , Dreizler Andreas , Böhm Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The application of a compact pulsed fiber laser for high-speed time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) measurements in the potential core of a turbulent round jet is presented at repetition rates of up to $$500\,\hbox {kHz}$$

500

kHz

. The master oscillator power amplifier laser architecture consists of a pulsable seed diode whose emission is amplified in a Yb-doped fiber. The pulsed laser is operated continuously at repetition rates ranging from $$10\,\hbox {kHz}$$

10

kHz

to $$1\,\hbox {MHz}$$

1

MHz

with adjustable pulse widths at an output power of 50 W. The maximum rated pulse energy of $$486\,\upmu \hbox {J}$$

486

μ
J

is reached at $$100\,\hbox {kHz}$$

100

kHz

, making the laser suitable for measurements of turbulent flows and highly transient phenomena. To demonstrate the feasibility of the laser for flow velocimetry, TR-PIV is conducted in a turbulent round jet. Two different high-speed camera systems are employed: a high-speed CMOS camera running at $$200\,\hbox {kHz}$$

200

kHz

and $$400\,\hbox {kHz}$$

400

kHz

and an in situ storage CCD camera for burst-mode PIV measurements at $$500\,\hbox {kHz}$$

500

kHz

. For the CMOS system, the capability of measuring several characteristic quantities of turbulent flows is discussed with regard to the effects of uncertainty and spatial resolution. The presented system extends the range of suitable laser systems for high-speed PIV measurements offering continuous pulsing at repetition rates of up to $$1\,\hbox {MHz}$$

1

MHz

at a compact footprint. The amount of consecutive images is solely limited by the onboard storage of the camera, which enables unprecedented temporal dynamic ranges.

Graphical Abstract
‘Grey-Box-Processing’: a novel validation method for use in vehicle safety applications
Authors: Soot Thomas , Dlugosch Michael , Fritsch Jens , Ichinose Noriyo , Hiermaier Stefan , Duddeck Fabian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ‘Grey-Box-Processing’ method, presented in this article, allows for the integration of simulated and experimental data sets with the overall objective of a comprehensive validation of simulation methods and models. This integration leads to so-called hybrid data sets. They allow for a spatially and temporally resolved identification and quantitative assessment of deviations between experimental observations and results of corresponding finite element simulations in the field of vehicle safety. This is achieved by the iterative generation of a synthetic, dynamic solution corridor in the finite element domain, which is deduced from experimental observations and restricts the freedom of movement of a virtually analyzed structure. The hybrid data sets thus contain physically based information about the interaction (e.g. acting forces) between the solution corridor and the virtually analyzed structure. An additional result of the ‘Grey-Box-Processing’ is the complemented three-dimensional reconstruction of the incomplete experimental observations (e.g. two-dimensional X-ray movies). The extensive data sets can be used not only for the assessment of the similarity between experiment and simulation, but also for the efficient derivation of improvement measures in order to increase the predictive power of the used model or method if necessary. In this study, the approach is presented in detail. Simulation-based investigations are conducted using generic test setups as well as realistic pedestrian safety test cases. These investigations show the general applicability of the method as well as the significant informative value and interpretability of generated hybrid data sets.
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: results from a 20-year long prospective cohort study in Swedish men and women
Authors: Barouti Afroditi Alexandra , Tynelius Per , Lager Anton , Björklund Anneli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) and the risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a Swedish prospective cohort study.

Methods
Subjects were 6961 men and women aged 35–56 years old at baseline, participating in the Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program cohort. By design, the cohort was enriched by 50% with subjects that had family history of diabetes. Anthropometric measurements, oral glucose tolerance tests and questionnaires on lifestyle and dietary factors were carried out at baseline and two follow-up occasions. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% CIs.

Results
During a mean follow-up time of 20 ± 4 years, 1024 subjects developed T2D and 870 prediabetes. After adjustments for confounders, the highest tertile of total FVI was associated with a lower risk of developing T2D in men (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96). There was also an inverse association between total fruit intake and prediabetes risk in men, with the HR for the highest tertile being 0.76 (95% CI 0.58–1.00). As for subtypes, higher intake of apples/pears was inversely associated with T2D risk in both sexes, whereas higher intakes of banana, cabbage and tomato were positively associated with T2D or prediabetes risk in either men or women.

Conclusion
We found an inverse association between higher total FVI and T2D risk and between higher fruit intake and prediabetes risk, in men but not in women. Certain fruit and vegetable subtypes showed varying results and require further investigation.
Depression scores and quality of life of vertiginous patients, suffering from different vestibular disorders
Authors: Molnár András , Maihoub Stefani , Mavrogeni Panayiota , Tamás László , Szirmai Ágnes 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To contrast the quality of life (QoL) impairment and depression scores of patients suffering from different vestibular disorders.

Methods
301 patients were examined due to vertiginous complaints at the Neurotology Centre of the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of Semmelweis University. These patients completed the Hungarian version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised questionnaires.

Results
According to neurotological examination, the distribution of the different diagnoses was as follows: Menière’s disease (n = 101), central vestibular disorders (n = 67), BPPV (n = 47), vestibular neuritis (n = 39), other unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy (n = 18), PPPD (Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness) (n = 16), vestibular migraine (n = 8), and vestibular Schwannoma (n = 5). The results of the DHI questionnaire have indicated worsened QoL in 86.4%, out of which 33.6% was defined as severe. The Beck scale has shown depressive symptoms in 42.3% of the cases, with severe symptoms in 6.3%. Significantly higher total DHI and Beck scale results were observed in patients with central vestibular disorders, vestibular migraine, PPPD and peripheral vestibulopathy, contrasted to the results of the other four diagnosis groups. The onset of the symptoms did not significantly affect the severity of QoL worsening and depression symptoms.

Conclusion
In this study, the QoL of vertiginous patients was worse in general, with the occurrence of depression symptoms. A difference was observed in the case of the values of patients with different vestibular disorders, indicating the importance of different factors, e.g., central vestibular compensation, behavioural strategies and psychological factors.
Is canaloplasty with mitomycin c a safe procedure in myopic glaucoma?
Authors: Dooling Vivienne , Lappas Alexandra , Dietlein Thomas Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeMyopic glaucoma patients display a considerable risk of complications following antiglaucomatous filtering surgery, e.g., trabeculectomy. Canaloplasty with mitomycin C may reduce this risk by avoiding massive overfiltration.MethodsWe performed retrospective analysis of 31 eyes with myopia that underwent canaloplasty modified with mitomycin C in a consecutive single-surgeon case series. Annual data and success rates were analysed. Twenty-three myopic eyes that had received conventional trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were recorded as a comparison.ResultsThe 31 eyes with a follow-up of 40 ± 26 months after canaloplasty had a mean spherical equivalent of − 8.4 ± 4.5 dioptres. Intraocular pressure decreased from 32.3 ± 9.6 mmHg (range: 17 to 58) to 16.8 ± 8.1 mmHg (range: 5 to 44) 1 year after surgery (− 46%;p < 0.001) with a medication score reduction from 5 to 1.2 (p < 0.001). Qualified success rates (Criterion B: no revision surgery, IOP < 21 mmHg, IOP reduction > 20%) were 83% after 1 year and 61% at the 2nd and 3rd years. In 5 eyes (16%), early ocular hypotony (≤ 5 mmHg) was observed. Two eyes (7%) showed transient choroidal detachment and swelling. The 23 eyes that had received trabeculectomy had success rates (Criterion B) of 91% at the 1st and 86% at the 2nd and 3rd years. Hypotony occurred in 10 eyes (44%), and 4 eyes (17%) showed choroidal detachment or macular folds.ConclusionsPostoperative complications related to overfiltration were less frequent after canaloplasty with mitomycin C. Midterm data proved good efficacy. Pressure reduction, success rates and rates of medication free patients were significantly higher in trabeculectomy compared to modified canaloplasty with mitomycin C.
Low-pressure versus standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ortenzi Monica , Montori Giulia , Sartori Alberto , Balla Andrea , Botteri Emanuele , Piatto Giacomo , Gallo Gaetano , Vigna Silvia , Guerrieri Mario , Williams Sophie , Podda Mauro , Agresta Ferdinando 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
It has been previously demonstrated that the rise of intra-abdominal pressures and prolonged exposure to such pressures can produce changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary dynamic which, though potentially well tolerated in the majority of healthy patients with adequate cardiopulmonary reserve, may be less well tolerated when cardiopulmonary reserve is poor.
Nevertheless, theoretically lowering intra-abdominal pressure could reduce the impact of pneumoperitoneum on the blood circulation of intra-abdominal organs as well as cardiopulmonary function. However, the evidence remains weak, and as such, the debate remains unresolved. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to demonstrate the current knowledge around the effect of pneumoperitoneum at different pressures levels during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Materials and methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis were reported according to the recommendations of the 2020 updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.

Results
This systematic review and meta-analysis included 44 randomized controlled trials that compared different pressures of pneumoperitoneum in the setting of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Length of hospital, conversion rate, and complications rate were not significantly different, whereas statistically significant differences were observed in post-operative pain and analgesic consumption. According to the GRADE criteria, overall quality of evidence was high for intra-operative bile spillage (critical outcome), overall complications (critical outcome), shoulder pain (critical outcome), and overall post-operative pain (critical outcome). Overall quality of evidence was moderate for conversion to open surgery (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 1 day (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 3 days (important outcome), and bleeding (critical outcome). Overall quality of evidence was low for operative time (important outcome), length of hospital stay (important outcome), post-operative pain at 12 h (critical outcome), and was very low for post-operative pain at 1 h (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 4 h (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 8 h (critical outcome), and post-operative pain at 2 days (critical outcome).

Conclusions
This review allowed us to draw conclusive results from the use of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with an adequate quality of evidence.
Soft Computing-Based Models for Predicting the Characteristic Impedance of Igneous Rock from Their Physico-mechanical Properties
Authors: Aladejare Adeyemi Emman , Ozoji Toochukwu , Lawal Abiodun Ismail , Zhang Zongxian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRock properties are important for design of surface and underground mines as well as civil engineering projects. Among important rock properties is the characteristic impedance of rock. Characteristic impedance plays a crucial role in solving problems of shock waves in mining engineering. The characteristics impedance of rock has been related with other rock properties in literature. However, the regression models between characteristic impedance and other rock properties in literature do not consider the variabilities in rock properties and their characterizations. Therefore, this study proposed two soft computing models [i.e., artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)] for better predictions of characteristic impedance of igneous rocks. The performances of the proposed models were statistically evaluated, and they were found to satisfactorily predict characteristic impedance with very strong statistical indices. In addition, multiple linear regression (MLR) was developed and compared with the ANN and ANFIS models. ANN model has the best performance, followed by ANFIS model and lastly MLR model. The models have Pearson's correlation coefficients of close to 1, indicating that the proposed models can be used to predict characteristic impedance of igneous rocks.
External validation of brain arteriovenous malformation haemorrhage scores, AVICH, ICH and R2eD
Authors: Taweel Basel A. , Gillespie Conor S. , Richardson George E. , Mustafa Mohammad A. , Ali Tamara , Islim Abdurrahman I. , Hannan Cathal J. , Chavredakis Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To externally validate the arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral haemorrhage (AVICH), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and novel haemorrhage presentation risk score (R2eD) in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Methods
Adult patients diagnosed radiologically with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) at a tertiary neurosurgical centre between 2007 and 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Both the AVICH and ICH scores were calculated for AVM-related symptomatic haemorrhage (SH) and compared against the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge and last follow-up, with unfavourable outcome defined as mRS > 2. R2eD scores were stratified based on presentation with SH. External validity was assessed using Harrel’s C-statistic.

Results
Two hundred fifty patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 46.2 years [SD = 16.5]). Eighty-seven patients (34.8%) had a SH, with 83 included in the analysis. Unfavourable mRS outcome was seen in 18 (21.6%) patients at discharge and 18 (21.6%) patients at last follow-up. The AVICH score C-statistic was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.80) at discharge and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56–0.84) at last follow-up. The ICH score C-statistic was 0.78 (95% CI 0.67–0.88), at discharge and 0.80 (95% CI 0.69–0.91) at last follow-up. The R2eD score C-statistic for predicting AVM haemorrhage was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.53–0.67).

Conclusions
The AVICH score showed fair-poor performance, while the ICH score showed good-fair performance. The R2eD score demonstrated poor performance, and its clinical utility in predicting AVM haemorrhage remains unclear.
Maximum and top-k diversified biclique search at scale
Authors: Lyu Bingqing , Qin Lu , Lin Xuemin , Zhang Ying , Qian Zhengping , Zhou Jingren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaximum biclique search, which finds the biclique with the maximum number of edges in a bipartite graph, is a fundamental problem with a wide spectrum of applications in different domains, such as E-Commerce, social analysis, web services, and bioinformatics. Unfortunately, due to the difficulty of the problem in graph theory, no practical solution has been proposed to solve the issue in large-scale real-world datasets. Existing techniques for maximum clique search on a general graph cannot be applied because the search objective of maximum biclique search is two-dimensional, i.e., we have to consider the size of both parts of the biclique simultaneously. In this paper, we divide the problem into several subproblems each of which is specified using two parameters. These subproblems are derived in a progressive manner, and in each subproblem, we can restrict the search in a very small part of the original bipartite graph. We prove that a logarithmic number of subproblems is enough to guarantee the algorithm correctness. To minimize the computational cost, we show how to reduce significantly the bipartite graph size for each subproblem while preserving the maximum biclique satisfying certain constraints by exploring the properties of one-hop and two-hop neighbors for each vertex. Furthermore, we study the diversified top-kbiclique search problem which aims to findkmaximal bicliques that cover the most edges in total. The basic idea is to repeatedly find the maximum biclique in the bipartite graph and remove it from the bipartite graphktimes. We design an efficient algorithm that considers to share the computation cost among thekresults, based on the idea of deriving the same subproblems of different results. We further propose two optimizations to accelerate the computation by pruning the search space with size constraint and refining the candidates in a lazy manner. We use several real datasets from various application domains, one of which contains over 300 million vertices and 1.3 billion edges, to demonstrate the high efficiency and scalability of our proposed solution. It is reported that 50% improvement on recall can be achieved after applying our method in Alibaba Group to identify the fraudulent transactions in their e-commerce networks. This further demonstrates the usefulness of our techniques in practice.
Stochastic behaviours for retrieval of storage items using simulated robot swarms
Authors: Milner Emma , Sooriyabandara Mahesh , Hauert Sabine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRobot swarms have the potential to be used as an out-of-the-box solution for storage and retrieval that is low cost, scalable to the needs of the task, and would require minimal set up and training for the users. Swarms are adaptable, robust and scalable with a relatively low computational cost which makes them appropriate for this purpose. This project simulated a robot swarm with simple sensors and stochastic movement, collecting boxes from storage to deliver them to the user. We show in simulation that stochastic strategies based on random walk and probabilistic sampling of local boxes could give rise to competitive solutions to retrieve boxes and deliver them unordered, or following a predetermined order, within a storage scenario. The performance of the task is drastically improved using an additional simple bias rule which uses compass measurements and does not reduce the minimalism of the control. It is shown that swarm technology could provide an out-of-the-box system for storage and retrieval using only information local to each robot and with distributed control.