bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel cold air electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (CAEMQL) technique for machining of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Liu Fucai , Wu Xizhuan , Xia Yu , Lv Tao , Zhang Ruochong , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Milling of titanium alloys is usually associated with a high cutting temperature and severe tool wear. Therefore, flood cooling technologies were conventionally employed for prolonging the tool life and improving the machined surface quality. However, a negative impact on the environment and waste disposal problems caused by a vast quantity of metalworking fluids used in the process has become significant. In this study, a new machining method called “cold air electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (CAEMQL)” is proposed for machining titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V. The milling performance of CAEMQL was systematically assessed in terms of cutting force, cutting temperature, surface roughness, tool life, tool wear and chip morphology, using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (EMQL) and cold air minimum quantity lubrication (CAMQL) as benchmarks. It was found that CAEMQL resulted in an improved critical heat flux and steady-state heat transfer performance compared with MQL, EMQL and CAMQL, which thus produced a lower milling force, smaller milling temperature, better surface quality and less tool wear. The degrees of chip segmentation were enhanced with less deformation for CAEMQL due to its synergistic cooling and lubrication effect .
Nonorthogonal waveform assisted DOA estimation for joint MIMO sensing and communication
Authors: Lin Luning , Zheng Hang , Zhou Chengwei , He Shibo , Shi Zhiguo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conventional direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) joint sensing and communication system normally pursue high estimation accuracy and resolution by imposing orthogonal waveforms, which however, results in a deterioration of communication performance. In this paper, we propose a nonorthogonal waveform assisted DOA estimation algorithm, where an augmented virtual array is derived for DOA estimation exploiting the nonorthogonal MIMO communication waveforms, while a high communication rate can still be maintained. To estimate the round-trip sensing channels on each subcarrier, we utilize the transmitted symbols as pilot symbols, and obtain all the channel coefficients with a minimum mean square error (MMSE) solver. A virtual channel matrix can be formulated with these channel coefficients, which can be regarded as the samples of the augmented virtual array. Further, the subspace framework of DOA estimation for this nonorthogonal scenario is presented, and the rank deficiency property of the equivalent signal matrix of the virtual array is analyzed when the distance of targets are identical. To address the problem, a suitable Toeplitz reconstruction method is proposed for the rank-deficient equivalent signal matrix. Simulations show that the proposed nonorthogonal waveform assisted DOA estimation algorithm outperforms the conventional DOA estimation methods for joint MIMO sensing and communication system in terms of resolution and accuracy, and is capable of locating targets with both identical and non-identical distance.
Construction of double grafted interfacial layer to improve thermal and mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Li Bowen , Song Guojun , Peng Zhi , Zhang Wenjian , Zheng Hao , Zhu Junjie , Wang Chaohang , Wang Jianfa , Yang Xiaoping , Ma Ruiyue , Zhu Shaoqian , Huang Yudong , Ma Lichun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A double grafted interfacial layer on CF surface was constructed via PDA and nano-SiO2 (CF-PDA-SiO2) by a facile and effective method to reinforce polyamide 6 composites (CFs/PA6). The effects of double grafted interfacial layer on crystallization structure and behavior, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of CFs/PA6 composites were investigated. This interfacial layer greatly increased the number of active groups, roughness and wettability of CF surface, the tensile strength of CF-PDA-SiO2/PA6 composites increased by 28.09%, 19.37%, and 26.22% compared to untreated-CF/PA6, CF-PDA/PA6, and CF-SiO2/PA6 composites, respectively, which might be caused by the increased interfacial adhesion between CF and PA6 matrix. The thermal stability, crystallization temperature, crystallinity, as well as glass transition temperature (Tg) of CF-PDA-SiO2/PA6 composites improved correspondingly, attributing to the heterogeneous nucleation of nano-SiO2 in the crystalline area and hydrogen bonds with molecular chains of PA6 in the amorphous area. Furthermore, interfacial reinforcement mechanism of composites have been discussed.
Photo-induced Synthesis, Characterization and Alkaline hydrolysis of Sodium salt of Partially Carboxymethylated Sodium Alginate–g–Poly(acrylonitrile)
Authors: Trivedi Jignesh H. , Chourasia Arvind V. , Trivedi Harikrishna C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn efficient redox initiating system, ceric ammonium nitrate/nitric acid (CAN/HNO3) was employed first time to carry out photo-induced graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto Sodium salt of Partially Carboxymethylated Sodium alginate (Na-PCMSA, DS¯ = 1.10). The synthesis was optimized through the variation of different reaction variables in terms of determination of the highest grafting yields (%G = 316.53 and %GE = 99.31). The formation of graft copolymers was confirmed by IR spectral data. The thermal behavior of the graft copolymer, Na-PCMSA-g-PAN, was obtained from TGA. The optimally synthesized graft copolymer was hydrolyzed in alkaline medium to obtain the hydrogel, H-Na-PCMSA-g-PAN. The swelling characteristics of the hydrogel were preliminary investigated. The morphology of the hydrogel was studied using SEM. The chemical structure and thermal characteristics of the hydrogel were also investigated.
Long-term tracking with Transformer and Template update
Authors: Hongying Zhang , Xiaowen Peng , Xuyong Wang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the tracking failure due to the disappearance of the target in the long-term target tracking process, this paper proposes a long-term target tracking network based on visual transformer and template update. First of all, Deit based on the transformer is utilized for feature extraction, and local features with their global dependencies are efficiently extracted by the distillation strategy. Secondly, the encoder of the modeling transformer is used to fully integrate the target features with the features in the search area, and the decoder is used to learn the location information in the target query. Then, target predictions are performed on the information from the encoder-decoder to obtain tracking results. Finally, the reliability of the dynamic template is judged by the score prediction head before tracking the next frame. We perform extensive experiments on the LaSOT、VOT2021-LT、TrackingNet and UAV123 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in long-term tracking.
Establishment of an indicator framework for transmission risk of the Mountain-Type Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis based on the Delphi-entropy weight method
Authors: zhuowei Luo , Zhou Zhengbin , Hao Yuwan , Feng Jiaxin , Gong Yanfeng , Li Yuanyuan , Huang Yun , Zhang Yi , Li Shizhu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases transmitted by the biting of sandflies. Although VL has been eliminated in several regions of China during the last century, the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) have reemerged in the hilly areas of China in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to set up an indicator framework for assessing the transmission risk of the MT-ZVL in China, to provide insights into the formulation of MT-ZVL control strategies.Methods: A 3-level indicator framework was established based on literature review and expert interviews. The indicator system was screened according to scientific information, necessity, operability, and the weighted importance scoring of the indicators, and the normalized weight of each indicator are calculated. The reliability of the Delphi method was evaluated by the positive coefficient of the experts, the degree of expert authority, and the coordination coefficient of experts' opinions. The comprehensive weight of the tertiary indicators was determined by the Delphi and the entropy weight method. Results: A total of 30 questionnaires were delivered, and 28 received valid responses (93.3%). The expert authority coefficients were greater than 0.80 after two rounds of expert consultation, and the coordination coefficient of the experts’ opinions was 0.250−0.277 and 0.187−0.272 in each round, respectively (all, P < 0.05). An indicator framework was finally established including four primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators, and 35 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, the variable with the highest normalized weight was biological factors (0.268), followed by interventions (0.261), environmental factors (0.242), and social factors (0.229). Among the secondary indicators, the top 4 normalized weights included climatic features (0.122), geographical features (0.120), sandflies (0.097), and dogs (0.096). Among the tertiary indicators, the top 4 normalized comprehensive weights were the population density of sandflies (0.075), topography (0.057), the population density of dogs and dog tethering (0.056) and the use of bed nets or other protective measures (0.056). Conclusions: This study constructed an indicator framework for assessing the transmission risk and strengthening public health education of MT-ZVL based on the Delphi and entropy weight method, and provided insights into formulating strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MT-ZVL in China.
Genotoxicity, DNA damage and sperm defects induced by vinblastine
Authors: Fahmy Maha A. , Hassan Entesar , Farghaly Ayman A. , Hassan Zeinab M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background

Genotoxicity studies of chemotherapeutic drugs is of special need. Secondary tumors may develop many years after treatment as a result of chemo genotoxicity. The effect of chemo on meiotic chromosomes and sperm defects is another complication associated with chemo treatment. In this study the genotoxicity of vinblastine (VB) was estimated in both somatic and germ cells.

Materials

85 mice were taken. 4 single doses of VB at 3, 4.5, 6 and 10 mg/kg and 3 successive doses at 3, 4.5 and 6 mg/kg were taken for estimation of chromosomal aberrations (CAs). 4 single doses of VB were involved in estimating the DNA fragmentation, and comet assay. Samples were taken 24 h after the last treatment. For sperm abnormalities mice were injected with 3 successive doses of VB at 3, 4.5, and 6 mg/kg and samples were taken 35 days after the 1st injection.

Results

The results demonstrated a significant frequency of DNA fragmentation in spleen cells and in the percentage of CAs in bone marrow. Numerical and structural aberrations were recorded with a pronounced number of polyploidy metaphases. VB also induced a significant percentage of CAs in spermatocytes in the form of univalent. Sperm defects in the form of coiled tail, absence of acrosome and shapeless head and a significant DNA damage in the testes were recorded.

Conclusion

VB is genotoxic in somatic and germ cells. Sperm defects induced by VB are of serious concern to future generations and may affect the fertility of cancer survivors.
Unravelling the palaeo-biogeographical history of the living fossil genus Rehderodendron (Styracaceae) – an Asian relic element of the Eurasian Cenozoic flora
Authors: Hofmann Christa-Charlotte , Zhao Wan-Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The relic genus Rehderodendron (Styracaceae), which species are restricted to mostly warm to tropical climate (C and A climate of Koeppen-Geiger) in East Asia today, was present as fossil fruits and pollen in Europe during warmer periods from lower Eocene to Pliocene times. To understand which extant species are closest related to the fossils, pollen and fruit morphology of six extant species and fossils of Rehderodendron are compared.
Results
Both, fossil pollen and fruits resemble a morphological mixture of four extant species R. kwantungense, R. macrocarpum, R. microcarpum, and R. indochinense, thus implying that these four extant and the fossil European taxa represent an old Eurasian lineage, whilst the pollen and fruit morphology of the extant R. kweichowense and R. truongsoense differ considerably from the fossils and other extant species investigated, and are considered to have evolved independently.
Conclusions
The palaeo-biogeographical history of Rehderodendron reveals that its fossil members of the European lineage were most prominent during climate optimums such as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Early Eocene Climate Optimum and Middle Miocene Thermal Maximum. However, when during the Pliocene the climate changed to colder and less humid conditions, the genus went extinct in Europe, but migrated eastwards, most likely in two dispersal events, probably along the Tethys, prior to extinction. One of the former most westerly stepping stones is presented by the refugial occurrence of R. microcarpum in the southeastern Himalayas whereas the more to the east distributed taxa are R. macrocarpum and R. kwantungense, might have migrated eastwards already before the Miocene
Violence Recognition on Videos Using Two-stream 3D CNN with Custom Spatiotemporal Crop
Authors: Pratama Raka Aditya , Yudistira Novanto , Bachtiar Fitra Abdurrachman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Violence may happen anywhere. One of the ways to know and overseethe violence in some places is by installing Closed-circuit Television(CCTV). The recorded video captured by CCTV can be used as proofin a law court. Violence video classification is also one of the topicsbeing discussed in deep learning. The latest violence video dataset isRWF-2000. That dataset contains violent and non-violent videos, 5 secondsduration, 30 frames per second, with the amount of 2000 videos.That publication also has the best accuracy of 87.25% by their proposedmethod. In this study, we will use a Residual Network known tohave the advantage of solving the vanishing gradient problem. Besidethat, we also implement transfer learning from Kinetics and Kinetics+ Moments in Time pre-trained data. We also test the numberof frames and the location of the sampling frame range. RGB andoptical flow inputs are separately trained with different configurations.The RGB input best accuracy is 89.25% with pre-trained Kinetics +Moments in Time, using frame location 49-149. The optical flow inputbest accuracy is 88.5% with pre-trained Kinetics, using 74 frames. Wealso try to sum the output of both inputs making accuracy of 90.5%.
Luminescence carbon quantum dots: synthesis using pistachio as precursor, investigating optical properties, application for Co 2+ detection in water media and photodegradation of organic dyes
Authors: Farahmandzadeh Farzad , Molaei Mehdi , Alehdaghi Hassan , Khanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this research, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by using pistachio as precursor for the first time with a hydrothermal method in aqueous media. Synthesized QDs were characterized by different analyses such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET, Zeta potential, Raman, photoluminescence (PL) and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies. The Raman spectroscopy results showed 3.54 value for G/D ratio and this result confirmed that synthesized CQDs are composed of graphitic crystalline structure. Zeta potential measurement of CQDs showed that CQDs had negative charge in their surface and it confirmed a great stability for CQDs. CQDs had blue photo emission with a broad PL peak between 300 to 600 nm with quantum yield of 12%. TEM images showed that synthesized CQDs are spherical with a size of about 7 nm. Heavy metal sensitivity of CQDs were investigated by different heavy metal ions in water media and results showed that PL intensity of CQDs in presence of Co2+ ions decreased and showed CQDs had sensitivity versus Co2+ ions. Photocatalyst activity of CQDs were investigated by different dyes under visible and UV illuminations. The obtained results showed that methylene blue had better degradation with CQDs than methylene orange and rhodamine b. The radical scavenger's results obtained that electrons play the key role in photocatalyst process of CQDs with methylene blue under UV irradiation.
Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in resource limited settings: The Kenyan Experience
Authors: MIGOWA ANGELA NYANGORE , Samia Pauline , Shah Jasmit , Rossi Sean del , Kenei Chemutai , Malande Oliver Ombeva , Ayaya Joy , Jeruto Daisy , Oyiengo Laura , Lewandowski Laura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the onset of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there have been growing concerns regarding multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This study aims to describe the clinico-epidemiological profile and challenges in management of MIS-C in low-middle income countries by highlighting the Kenyan experience.
Methods
A retrospective study at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Avenue Hospital Kisumu and Kapsabet County Referral Hospital was undertaken to identify cases of MIS-C. A detailed chart review using the World Health Organization (WHO) data collection tool was adapted to incorporate information on socio-demographic details and treatment regimens.
Findings:
Twenty children with MIS-C were identified across the three facilities. Seventy percent of the children were male (14 of 20). COVID-19 PCR testing was done for five children and only one was positive. The commonest clinical symptoms were fever (90%), tachycardia (80%), prolonged capillary refill (80%), oral mucosal changes (65%) and peripheral cutaneous inflammation (50%). Four children required admission into the critical care unit for ventilation support and inotropic support. Cardiac evaluation was available for six patients four of whom had myocardial dysfunction, three had valvulitis and one had pericarditis. Immunoglobulin therapy was availed to two children and systemic steroids provided for three children. There were no documented mortalities.
Interpretation:
We describe the first case series of MIS-C in East and Central Africa. Majority of suspected cases of MIS-C did not have access to timely COVID-19 PCR testing and other appropriate evaluations which highlights the iniquity in access to diagnostics and treatment.
Droplet size from Venturi air induction spray nozzles
Authors: Sijs R. , Kooij S. , Bonn D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sprays are of great importance for many applications, with drop size being a crucial parameter. Especially in agriculture applications, simple flat fan spray nozzles are often supplemented by a Venturi component to achieve larger drop sizes and hence prevent un-wanted spray drift of the smallest droplets. The general believe is that these larger drops are usually attributed to the fact that the liquid sheet produced by the nozzle breaks up more easily due to the pre-existing ’holes’ formed by the induced air bubbles. Here, we extend descriptions of how nozzle and fluid parameters determine droplet size distributions from Venturi nozzles. We show that the mean droplet size is determined by the nozzle’s orifice area as is the case for ordinary flat fan nozzles but that the additional pressure drop over the Venturi chamber needs to be taken into account. Using this parameter, relations that were derived for flat fan nozzles can be re-used. This allows to show that the increase in droplet size compared to conventional nozzles is due to the additional pressure drop in the Venturi chamber, and not to a change in breakup mechanism due to the presence of air bubbles in the liquid sheet.
Data Driven Prognostics from Machine Learning to Deep Learning: A survey
Authors: El-Barawany Mohamed A. , Elminir Hamdy K. , Elattar Hatem M. , Hamid Ebrahim Abdel , Adel Dina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In the age of Industry 4.0, prognostics and health management (PHM) is critical. For proactive and scheduled maintenance, the life of a tool, part, or component of a system must be tracked. This increases productivity while reducing human effort and saving lives. The PHM application could be used for the detection of anomalies, fault diagnosis and/or failure prognosis. Data driven prognostics is highly relying on machine learning (ML), statistical methods and deep learning (DL) techniques. DL is a massive enlarging field with encouraging outcomes in prognostics for modelling of data with complex representations and temporal dependencies. This paper provides review of some of the latest contributions of ML in prognostic applications. Description of different deep learning architectures is given. A literature review of DL applications in prognostics is presented in an analytical and comparative view. Then a revisit to PHM and deep learning terminologies is then highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities are emphasized.
Associations Between Serum Copper, Zinc and Copper/Zinc Ratio and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES 2011-2016
Authors: Li Liu-Bo , Ma Zheng-Yuan , Liu Ying-Xia , Song Wei-Xiang , Shen Xu-Bo , Fang Sheng-Quan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Several studies have indicated an association between serum copper and zinc and chronic kidney disease, while there was antagonism between serum copper and zinc, and the serum copper/zinc ratio was more accurate than detecting the two elements alone. This study aims to evaluate the associations of serum copper, zinc and copper/zinc rate with the risk of CKD using the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). A total of 7764 participants were included in the analyses. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between serum zinc and copper level and CKD after adjusting for potential confounders. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) to explore the relationships and trend between copper/zinc ratio and the risk of developing CKD. Machine learning of the XGBoost algorithm model was used to assess each variable’s contribution to the risk of having CKD. In this study, when the serum copper/zinc level decreased to less than 1.2, the risk of having CKD was reduced to 0.57 (95%CI, 0.39–0.84, p = 0.006). The RCS model showed a negative liner correlation between serum copper/zinc ratio and CKD risk (p < 0.001 and the value of nonlinear equal to 0.06), and when the ratio was lower than 1.49, the OR of having CKD begins to be lower than 1 and shows a rapidly increasing trend. In the XGBoost model, besides the glomerular filtration rate, the Copper/Zinc ratio was the most relative variable in our study. Therefore, the copper/zinc ratio would be a relatively important risk factor for predicting having CKD, and further researches are needed to explore the potential mechanism between copper/zinc and CKD.