bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of CMIP6 representative climate models and downscaling in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Wada Idris Muhammad , Usman Haruna Shehu , Amechi S. Nwankwegu , Makhai Nwunuji Usman , Selamawit Haftu Gebresellase 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using multiple General Circulation Models (GCMs) for impact assessment improves the credibility of an analysis and circumvents limit-based uncertainties. Therefore, the selection of the most suitable models for regional/local studies is crucial prior to impact studies and forcing hydrological models. This study included the selection of GCM models from 100 ensembles each for SSP4.5 and SSP8.5 scenarios from the CMIP6 archive using advanced envelop-based selection approach for Northern Nigeria. We used (2021-2050) as the short-term and (2051-2080) as the long-term periods. The approach found that, CanESM5 models are skilful in simulating the warm and wet season, HadGEM3-GC31-LL in the warm and dry season, whereas MPI-ESM1-2-HR and MPI-ESM1-2-LR are skilful in the cold and dry season. We selected three skilled models for each scenario and study period. The skilled models were downscaled for adequate futuristic representation of the temperature and precipitation variables in the region. The downscaled variables predicted an increase in the future. Considering SSP4.5, the average annual precipitation predicted a 13% and 20% increase for the short-term and long-term period respectively. Similarly, for SSP8.5, the predictions are 23% and 41% increment in short-term and long-term periods respectively. For temperature, considering SSP4.5, the average annual temperature predicted an increase of 1.1⁰C and 2.5⁰C for short-term and long-term respectively. Similarly, an increment of 1.2⁰C and 2.7⁰C is expected for SSP8.5 during the short-term and long-term respectively. The selection also suggests that the skilled model does not vary with climate scenario and future periods.
Bilateral Cochlear Implants in a Case of Spondyloenchondrodysplasia With Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Case Report
Authors: Muslat Arwa A. Al , Alamry Saleh. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by acid phosphates 5 gene mutation. SPENCD has multisystemic manifestations including enchondromas in the long bones or pelvis, skeletal anomalies, immune dysfunctions, and neurological impairments. Out of the wide spectrum of presentation in SPENCD, hearing loss is one of the least presented symptoms. Case presentation: Here we present a two-year-old female, who visited the otolaryngology clinic concerned about hearing and delayed speech. The patient was started on hearing aids and after investigations, she was diagnosed with SPENCD. After a discussion with the family, the patient underwent a bilateral cochlear implant for sensorineural hearing loss at the age of four, which went uneventfully. Conclusion: The objective of this report is to highlight the unusual presentation of profound sensorineural hearing loss in a pediatric case with SPENCD that was managed with cochlear implants.
Identification and Characterization of N6-Methyladenosine LncRNAs in Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Jiang Rongli , Gan Xiongkang , Zhou Yaqing , Pan Yang , Fu Yahong , Liang Lanyu , Chen Xiumei , Jia Enzhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal RNA modification in mammalian cells. Lots of previous studies have shown that m6A is strongly linked to the occurrence and development of diseases. However, studies on the role of m6A modifications in atherosclerosis are limited and the possible mechanism needs to be elucidated. In this study, we used MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq to obtain a genome-wide profiling of m6A-modified lncRNAs in the model of coronary atherosclerosis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the reliability of the data. Functional enrichment analysis uncovered that the associated genes of lncRNAs with different m6A levels were mostly enriched in the regulation of many crucial cell biological processes, including cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell cycle, and Rap1 signaling pathway which can affect the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In summary, our study provided an expressed profile of lncRNA m6A in Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells(HCASMCs), and we can infer that the methylation state of lncRNA may be essential for their function and offer a new direction for the treatment ofcoronary artery disease(CAD).
Recombinant VEGF-C restores mesenteric lymphatic drainage and improves gut immune surveillance in experimental cirrhosis
Authors: Juneja Pinky , Rahman Syed Nazrin Ruhina , Tripathi Dinesh M , Kaur Impreet , Rohilla Sumati , Gupta Abhishek , Rawal Preety , Baweja Sukriti , Rastogi Archana , Naidu VGM , Sarin Shiv K , Banerjee Subham , Kaur Savneet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gut lymphatic vessels (LVs) are crucial for maintaining gut immunity and abdominal fluid homeostasis. In experimental liver cirrhosis with ascites, gut LVs are dilated and dysfunctional with impaired gut immune response. Therapy with pro-lymphangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) promotes functional LVs growth and attenuates inflammation. However, therapeutic role of VEGF-C in cirrhosis has not been explored. Here we developed a nanoformulation comprising of recombinant human VEGF-C loaded reverse micelles (E-VEGF-C) and delivered it orally in rat models of liver cirrhosis to specifically target mesenteric LVs (mLVs). E-VEGF-C treated cirrhotic rats displayed an increased density of gut LVs, improved functional drainage and reduced abdominal fluid/ascites and portal pressures without any adverse events. E-VEGF-C also enhanced the proliferation of LVs in the mesenteric lymph nodes, triggering active immune responses, which helped to contain the spreading of bacteria to other organs preventing systemic infection. At molecular level, E- VEGF-C treatment upregulated the expression of cell adhesion and permeability markers, VE-cadherin and VCAM1 in the mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells. Collectively, oral delivery of E-VEGF-C in cirrhotic rats ameliorates drainage of gut LVs, ascites formation and immunity and thus represents a potential treatment to manage ascites and immune dysfunction in cirrhosis.
Determinants of household adoption of solar energy technology in Seychelles in a context of 100% access to electricity
Authors: Etongo Daniel , Naidu Harini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Seychelles is among four countries in the African continent with 100% access to electricity, of which over 90% of the energy is generated from fossil fuels. The energy transition is a crucial enabler of sustainable development and climate resilience. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the determinants of solar PV uptake based on a stratified random sample of 130 households on Mahe Island, Seychelles. We applied logistic regression and descriptive statistics to analyze the driving factors of a household decision regarding the adoption of a solar PV system. Results indicated that access to credit and household savings influenced the adoption of solar PV systems at the 1% significance level. In comparison, monthly household income did so at the 5% level. Independent variables such as gender, age, and education of household heads, including family size that were significant in other studies, were not significant in the current study. Cost-saving, energy security, and environment friendly were chief among the motivational drivers of the 60 households that had adopted solar PV systems. Whereas, for the non-adopters, the four most essential barriers cited were cheap electricity, high initial cost, existing loans, and long payback time. For the communal approach to solar PV systems in Seychelles to be successful, the adoption barriers that occur at the level of households should be considered.
Bioavailability of heavy metals in surface sediment of Anzali International Wetland, Iran
Authors: Amini Zhaleh , Hatami-Manesh Masoud , Aazami Jaber , Savabieasfahani Mozhgan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the metal concentration, mobility, bioavailability, ecological risk, and toxicity in the surface sediment of Anzali International Wetland. Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Fe Concentrations in 33 samples are reported here. A five-step sequential extraction technique was used to determine the chemical forms of metals. To assess ecological risk (Er), Risk Index (RI), Toxic Unit (TU), the sum of Toxic Units (ΣTUs), Toxic Risk Index (TRI), and modified Hazard Quotients (mHQ) were calculated. Mean concentrations of heavy metals (mean ± S.D.) were Zn (95.46±20.71) > Cr (19.79±2.79) > Ni (18.49±5.23) > Pb (13.97±3.20) > As (6.45±1.87) > Cd (0.90±0.34). Cd exhibited the highest mobility and bioavailability, while Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, and As, were found mainly in residual fractions, which are non-bioavailable and pose a little ecological risk. Cd showed the highest levels in the reducible and organic phases; Cr, Pb, Zn, and Ni had the lowest ones. Ecological risk assessment suggested that Cd had “moderate” to “considerable” risk potential at some sampling sites. Risk index indicated that Anzali sediment had “low” to “moderate” risk potential (150 < RI < 300). Based on values of RI, ∑TUs, and mHQ we conclude that sediment of Anzali Wetland has low to moderate risk potential and low toxicity.
Joint and Individual inversion of DC and MT datasets based on Variable Particle Swarm-Grey Wolf Optimizer and Bayesian Statistical Approach
Authors: Sarkar Kuldeep , Mukesh Mukesh , Singh Upendra K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new stochastic technique known as variable Particle Swarm - Grey Wolf Optimizer (vPSOGWO), a combination of metaheuristic algorithms based swarm intelligence with distinct capacities for exploration and exploitation is employed. To evaluate the efficacy of the hybrid algorithm, joint and individual inversion of various amount of synthetic datasets and finally applied on field example over various geological terrains namely for individual inversion of DC data from Digha, India and New Brunswick of Canada; MT sounding data from Sundar Pahari, Dhanbad and Puga valley, Ladakh of India and for joint inversion of DC and MT sounding data from South Central Australia. Furthermore, a posterior Bayesian probability density function using 1000 models has been computed to estimate a mean global model and uncertainty assessment. We examined the inverted results, which indicate that the results of the vPSOGWO have been shown to be more accurate than those of the PSO, GWO, and state-of-the-art variant of classic approaches. Additionally, geological significance of crustal thickness of approximately 76.581.96 km was resolved over Puga-valley, India, and is in good agreement with published data. As a result, the new approach greatly reduces uncertainty and enhances model resolution, bringing them closer to actual models.
The Up-Regulation of TP53 Impairs Decidualization by Promoting Apoptosis of Decidual Stromal Cells in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Feng Xiaoling , Wang Yunrui , Zhao Xiaoxuan , Jia Dan , Liu Yuxi , Zhao Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to clarify the regulation mechanism of TP53 in the impaired decidualization of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).Methods: RNA-seq analysis was conducted on decidual stromal cells (DSCs) from patients with URSA and healthy controls. TP53 overexpression lentivirus and TP53 shRNA lentivirus were respectively transfected into the human endometrial stromal cell (ESC) line before induced decidualization in vitro. And then apoptosis and decidualization markers were examed. In addition, the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) UNQ6494 overexpressed plasmid was constructed and transfected into primary ESCs with lentivirus before induced decidualization according to the results of RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis, and cell cycle-related indicators were detected by RT-PCR.Results: 2557 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in URSA were identified by RNA-seq, which were mainly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway. Besides, lncRNA UNQ6494 was closely related to p53 in the transcriptome analysis. After infected with TP53, the apoptosis of DSCs was increased through p53/bax signal transduction in the process of decidualization in vitro and the level of decidualization markers PRL and IGFBP1 were decreased. Besides, over expressed lncRNA UNQ6494 increased the mRNA level of ATM, ATR, p53 as well as affected the level of p21, cycline and CDK2 that were associated with cell cycle arrest, which may be the intrinsic cause accounting for the activation of p53/bax dependent apoptosis.Conclusion: The activation of p53/bax dependent apoptosis in ESCs impaires decidualization in URSA, which may be closely related to lncRNA UNQ6494 and cell cycle arrest.
The longstanding galaxy missing-baryon problem is solved by a large reservoir of hot gas permeating their halos
Authors: Nicastro Fabrizio , Krongold Yair , Fang Taotao , Fraternali Filippo , Mathur Smita , Bianchi Stefano , Bongiorno Angela , De Rosa Alessandra , Piconcelli Enrico , Zappacosta Luca , Bischetti Manuela , Feruglio Chiara , Gupta Anjali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The number of baryons hosted in the disks of galaxies (stars and interstellar gas and dust) is lower than expected based on the mass of their dark-matter halos and the fraction of baryon-to-total matter in the universe, giving rise to the so called galaxy missing-baryon problem. The presence of cool circum-galactic matter gravitationally bound to the galaxy up to distances of at least ten times the size of the galaxy’s disk, mitigates the problem but is far from being sufficient for its solution. It has instead been suggested that the galaxy missing baryon may hide in a much hotter gaseous phase of the circum-galactic medium, possibly at the halo virial temperature and co-existing with the cool phase. However, current mass estimates of this possible hot phase are only loose lower limits. Here we exploit the best available X-ray spectroscopic data of known cool circum-galactic systems to show that the galaxy missing baryonic mass is indeed found in a hot medium surrounding the disks of galaxies and permeating their entire halos, at temperatures consistent with their virial temperatures. Main tracers of this hot medium are highly ionized light elements that only retain one or two electrons and that are only visible in the X-rays. Our measurements solve the long-standing galaxy missing baryon problems and contribute importantly to the understanding of the continuous cycle of baryons in-and-out of galaxies throughout the life of the universe.
Evolution of solar-type activity: acoustic and magnetic energy generation and propagation in β Hydri (G2 IV)
Authors: Fawzy Diaa E. , Cuntz Manfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We examine the acoustic and magnetic energy generation and propagation in β Hydri (G2 IV). The underlying motivation for this work is based on the solar, stellar, and galactic relevance of β Hyi (a star in the Southern hemisphere), which is readily understood as a prime example and proxy of the future Sun --- thus allowing assessments and analyses of the secular decay of solar activity. Regarding the magnetic energy generation, we consider longitudinal flux tube waves. We also assess acoustic waves. For the acoustic wave energy flux, the difference between the results obtained for β Hyi and the Sun is significantly smaller than typically attained for main-sequence stars, which is largely due to the gravity-dependence of the acoustic energy generation. Furthermore, we study the height-dependent behavior of the magnetic energy flux for different magnetic filling factors corresponding to different flux tube spreadings. Finally, we comment on possible directions of future research.
Spatiotemporal kernel of a three-component differential equation model with self-control mechanism in vision
Authors: Kondo Shintaro , Mori Masaki , Sushida Takamichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This investigation examined a three-component differential equation model with a self-control mechanism in vision, proposed as a slight extension of the 1976 C. S. Peskin's lateral inhibition model, by analyzing the input signal I=I(t,x) depending on time t and position x ∈ R. Investigations revealed that a solution could be represented in the convolution integral form and that T>0 existed such that the integral kernel Kp(t,x) was positive for x ∈ R and t ∈ (0,T). We also numerically demonstrated from experimental neurophysiological observations that Kp(t,x) includes the Mexican-hat function and the temporal biphasic function under certain conditions, and there was a time lag before the Mexican-hat function appeared in Kp(t,x). We also numerically predicted that an asymmetrical temporal response in the self-control mechanism plays a vital role in obtaining visual impressions for afterimage rotations.MSC Classification: 35A08 , 35K08 , 35K57 , 44A35
Heterogeneous Tail Generalized Common Factor Modeling
Authors: Hediger Simon , Näf Jeffrey , Paolella Marc , Polak Pawel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A multivariate normal mean-variance heterogeneous tails mixture distribution is proposed for the joint distribution of financial factors and asset returns (referred to as Factor-HGH). The proposed latent variable model incorporates a Cholesky decomposition of the dispersion matrix to ensure a rich dependency structure for capturing the stylized facts of the data. It generalizes several existing model structures, with or without financial factors. It is further applicable in large dimensions due to a fast ECME estimation algorithm. The advantages of modelling financial factors and asset returns jointly under non-Gaussian errors are illustrated in an empirical comparison study between the proposed Factor-HGH model and classical financial factor models. While the results for the Fama-French 49 industry portfolios are in line with Gaussian-based models, in the case of highly tail heterogeneous cryptocurrencies, the portfolio based on the Factor-HGH model doubles the average return while keeping the volatility, the maximum drawdown, the turnover, and the expected-shortfall at a low level.
Existence and Compatibility of Positive Solutions for Boundary Value Fractional Differential Equation with Modified Analytic Kernel
Authors: Kalsoom Amna , Afsheen Sehar , Azam Akbar , Ali Faryad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, a Green’s function for a fractional boundary value problem in connection with modified analytic kernel has been constructed to study the existence of multiple solutions of a type of characteristic fractional boundary value problems. It is done here by using a well-known result: Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. Moreover, a practical example is created to understand the importance of main results regarding the existence of solution of a boundary value fractional differential problem with homogeneous conditions. This example analytically and graphically, explains circumstances under which the Greens functions with different types of differential operator are compatible. MSC Classification: 34B18 , 45B05
Diffraction-limited hyperspectral mid-infrared single-pixel microscopy
Authors: Ebner Alexander , Gattinger Paul , Zorin Ivan , Krainer Lukas , Rankl Christian , Brandstetter Markus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this contribution, we demonstrate a hyperspectral mid-infrared (MIR) microscope based on multidimensional single-pixel imaging (SPI). The microscope employs a high brightness MIR supercontinuum source for broadband (1.55 µm - 4.5 µm) sample illumination. Hyperspectral imaging capability is achieved by a single micro-opto-electro-mechanical digital micromirror device (DMD), which provides both spatial and spectral differentiation. For that purpose the operational spectral bandwidth of the DMD was significantly extended into the MIR spectral region. In the presented design, the DMD fulfills two essential tasks. On the one hand, as standard for the SPI approach, the DMD sequentially masks captured scenes enabling diffraction-limited imaging in the tens of millisecond time-regime. On the other hand, the diffraction at the micromirrors leads to dispersion of the projected field and thus allows for wavelength selection without the application of additional dispersive optical elements, such as gratings or prisms. In the experimental part, first of all, the imaging and spectral capabilities of the hyperspectral microscope are characterized. The spatial and spectral resolution is assessed by means of test targets and linear variable filters, respectively. At a wavelength of 4.15 µm a spatial resolution of 4.92 µm is achieved with a native spectral resolution better than 118.1 nm. Further, a post-processing method for drastic enhancement of the spectral resolution is proposed and discussed. The performance of the MIR hyperspectral microsopce is demonstrated for label-free chemical imaging and examination of polymer compounds and red blood cells. The acquisition and reconstruction of Hadamard sampled 64×64 images is achieved in 450 ms and 162 ms, respectively. Thus, combined with an unprecedented intrinsic flexibiliy gained by a tunable field of view and adjustable spatial resolution, the demonstrated design drastically improves the sample throughput in MIR chemical and biomedical imaging.
Evaluation of the Treatment Alternatives for Spinal Cord Tumors Using Analytical Evaluation Models
Authors: Onakpojeruo Efe Precious , Uzun Berna , Ozsahin Ilker , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spinal cord tumors are the abnormal mass of cells that grow, divide and multiply uncontrollably in the spinal cord. Treatment of spinal cord tumors depends on the type, the affected site, the level of complications, and the spread levels. The treatment of spinal cord tumors is not limited to conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery methods but also other techniques, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, proton therapy, interventional radiology, radiofrequency ablation, and cryoablation. This study compares the treatment alternatives for spinal cord tumors using a multi-criteria decision-making technique called the fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE). These alternatives are evaluated based on certain criteria, which include reliability, use in isolation, cost of treatment, complications during use, side effects, pain relief rate, recovery period, session duration, necrotic tumor rate, and survival rate. The results show that radiofrequency ablation with the highest net outranking flow (0.2604) was the most preferred treatment alternative for the spinal cord tumor. Followed by cryoablation (with 0.1370 net flow), and then, surgery with (-0.0415 net flow). This study indicates that the fuzzy PROMETHEE technique is very effective in producing solutions for health care decision-makers facing problems of uncertainty and can be improved with the availability of more alternatives and criteria based on the specific needs of the patients individually.