bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau-binding protein PRMT8 facilitates vacuole degeneration in the brain
Authors: Ishii Ayano , Matsuba Yukio , Mihira Naomi , Kamano Naoko , Saito Takashi , Muramatsu Shin-ichi , Yokosuka Makoto , Saido Takaomi C , Hashimoto Shoko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Amyloid-β and tau pathologies are important factors leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the molecular mechanisms that link these pathologies remain unclear. Assuming that important though as yet unidentified factors inhibit/accelerate tau pathology and neuronal cell death under amyloid pathology, we sought to isolate and identify tau-interacting proteins from mouse brains with or without amyloid pathology. Among the proteins that were identified, we focused on protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8), which interacts with tau specifically in the absence of amyloid pathology. To investigate the role of PRMT8 in the pathogenesis of AD, we conducted Prmt8 gene deletion and overexpression experiments in AppNL-G-F/MAPT double knock-in mice and analysed the resulting pathological alterations. PRMT8-knockout did not alter the AD pathology in double knock-in mice, whereas PRMT8-overexpression promoted tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and vacuole degeneration. To evaluate if such a PRMT8-induced vacuole degeneration depends on tau pathology, PRMT8 was overexpressed in tau-KO mice, which were consequently found to exhibit vacuole degeneration. In addition, proteomic analyses showed that PRMT8 overexpression facilitated the arginine methylation of vimentin. Abnormal protein methylation could be involved in PRMT8-induced brain pathologies. Taken together, PRMT8 may play an important role in the formation of tau pathology and vacuole degeneration.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Randomized Trial in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting
Authors: Cao Pianpian , Smith Laney , Mandelblatt Jeanne S , Jeon Jihyoun , Taylor Kathryn L , Zhao Amy , Levy David T , Williams Randi M , Meza Rafael , Jayasekera Jinani 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
There are limited data on the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in lung cancer screening settings. We conducted an economic analysis embedded in a national randomized trial of 2 telephone counseling cessation interventions.

Methods
We used a societal perspective to compare the short-term cost per 6-month bio-verified quit and long-term cost-effectiveness of the interventions. Trial data were used to micro-cost intervention delivery, and the data were extended to a lifetime horizon using an established Cancer Intervention Surveillance and Modeling Network lung cancer model. We modeled the impact of screening accompanied by 8 weeks vs 3 weeks of telephone counseling (plus nicotine replacement) vs screening alone based on 2021 screening eligibility. Lifetime downstream costs (2021 dollars) and effects (life-years gained, quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]) saved were discounted at 3%. Sensitivity analyses tested the effects of varying quit rates and costs; all analyses assumed nonrelapse after quitting.

Results
The costs for delivery of the 8-week vs 3-week protocol were $380.23 vs $144.93 per person, and quit rates were 7.14% vs 5.96%, respectively. The least costly strategy was a 3-week counseling approach. An 8-week (vs 3-week) counseling approach increased costs but gained QALYs for an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $4029 per QALY. Screening alone cost more and saved fewer QALYs than either counseling strategy. Conclusions were robust in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Telephone-based cessation interventions with nicotine replacement are considered cost-effective in the lung screening setting. Integrating smoking cessation interventions with lung screening programs has the potential to maximize long-term health benefits at reasonable costs.
A newly developed patient fixation system using a dedicated mouthpiece and dental impression materials for head and neck radiotherapy: a preliminary study
Authors: Sakamoto Masataka , Konishi Kenta , Ohira Keiichi , Hirata Masanori , Wakabayashi Kohei , Aramaki Shuhei , Kokubo Ryo , Nakamura Katsumasa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We evaluated the basic characteristics and efficacy of our newly developed patient fixation system for head and neck radiotherapy that uses a dedicated mouthpiece and dental impression materials. The present investigation demonstrated that with this system, the changes in the absorbed dose to water depending on the material of the mouthpiece were small, with a maximum of 0.32% for a 10-MV photon beam. For the dental impression material, we selected a silicone material with the lowest Hounsfield unit (HU) value that had little effect on the generation of artifacts and the quality of the X-ray beam. Multiphase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the head-up and -down motions in the thermoplastic shell without the mouthpiece were 5.76 ± 1.54 mm, whereas the motion with the mouthpiece decreased significantly to 1.72 ± 0.92 mm (P = 0.006). Similarly, the head-left and -right motion displacement decreased from 6.32 ± 1.86 mm without the mouthpiece to 1.80 ± 0.42 mm with the mouthpiece (P = 0.003). Regarding the tongue depressor function of the mouthpiece, the median distance from the hard palate to the surface of the tongue was 28.42 mm. The present results indicate that the new immobilization device developed herein that uses a mouthpiece and a thermoplastic shell is useful for suppressing patients’ head motions and tongue positions.
The outer stellar mass of massive galaxies: a simple tracer of halo mass with scatter comparable to richness and reduced projection effects
Authors: Huang(黄崧) Song , Leauthaud Alexie , Bradshaw Christopher , Hearin Andrew , Behroozi Peter , Lange Johannes , Greene Jenny , DeRose Joseph , Speagle(沈佳士) Joshua S , Xhakaj Enia 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Using the weak gravitational lensing data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC survey), we study the potential of different stellar mass estimates in tracing halo mass. We consider galaxies with log10(M⋆/M⊙) &gt; 11.5 at 0.2 &lt; z &lt; 0.5 with carefully measured light profiles, and clusters from the redMaPPer and CAMIRA richness-based algorithms. We devise a method (the ‘Top-N test’) to evaluate the scatter in the halo mass–observable relation for different tracers, and to inter-compare halo mass proxies in four number density bins using stacked galaxy–galaxy lensing profiles. This test reveals three key findings. Stellar masses based on CModel photometry and aperture luminosity within R &lt;30 kpc are poor proxies of halo mass. In contrast, the stellar mass of the outer envelope is an excellent halo mass proxy. The stellar mass within R = [50, 100] kpc, M⋆, [50, 100], has performance comparable to the state-of-the-art richness-based cluster finders at log10Mvir ≳ 14.0 and could be a better halo mass tracer at lower halo masses. Finally, using N-body simulations, we find that the lensing profiles of massive haloes selected by M⋆, [50, 100] are consistent with the expectation for a sample without projection or mis-centring effects. Richness-selected clusters, on the other hand, display an excess at R ∼ 1 Mpc in their lensing profiles, which may suggest a more significant impact from selection biases. These results suggest that M⋆-based tracers have distinct advantages in identifying massive haloes, which could open up new avenues for cluster cosmology. The codes and data used in this work can be found here:
Low-pressure and low-temperature phase equilibria applied to Pluto’s lower atmosphere
Authors: Tan Sugata P 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
While phase equilibria at conditions on Pluto’s surface have been studied, the fate of the equilibria in the lower atmosphere as the altitude increases has not. In this study, the gravitational effect is included in the thermodynamic modelling so that not only the deposition point can be located, but also the vertical pressure and density profiles below the deposition point can be determined, along with the corresponding compositional profiles in the equilibrium phases. The non-ideality of vapour-solid phase equilibria at low pressures and temperatures is also discussed for Pluto’s applications to allow for more accurate calculations if a conventional method, such as modified Raoult’s law, is used.
Quantitative parameters of bacterial RNA polymerase open-complex formation, stabilization and disruption on a consensus promoter
Authors: Bera Subhas C , America Pim P B , Maatsola Santeri , Seifert Mona , Ostrofet Eugeniu , Cnossen Jelmer , Spermann Monika , Papini Flávia S , Depken Martin , Malinen Anssi M , Dulin David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranscription initiation is the first step in gene expression, and is therefore strongly regulated in all domains of life. The RNA polymerase (RNAP) first associates with the initiation factor $\sigma$ to form a holoenzyme, which binds, bends and opens the promoter in a succession of reversible states. These states are critical for transcription regulation, but remain poorly understood. Here, we addressed the mechanism of open complex formation by monitoring its assembly/disassembly kinetics on individual consensus lacUV5 promoters using high-throughput single-molecule magnetic tweezers. We probed the key protein–DNA interactions governing the open-complex formation and dissociation pathway by modulating the dynamics at different concentrations of monovalent salts and varying temperatures. Consistent with ensemble studies, we observed that RNAP-promoter open (RPO) complex is a stable, slowly reversible state that is preceded by a kinetically significant open intermediate (RPI), from which the holoenzyme dissociates. A strong anion concentration and type dependence indicates that the RPO stabilization may involve sequence-independent interactions between the DNA and the holoenzyme, driven by a non-Coulombic effect consistent with the non-template DNA strand interacting with $\sigma$ and the RNAP $\beta$ subunit. The temperature dependence provides the energy scale of open-complex formation and further supports the existence of additional intermediates.
Characterization of sequence contexts that favor alternative end joining at Cas9-induced double-strand breaks
Authors: Hanscom Terrence , Woodward Nicholas , Batorsky Rebecca , Brown Alexander J , Roberts Steven A , McVey Mitch 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alternative end joining (alt-EJ) mechanisms, such as polymerase theta-mediated end joining, are increasingly recognized as important contributors to inaccurate double-strand break repair. We previously proposed an alt-EJ model whereby short DNA repeats near a double-strand break anneal to form secondary structures that prime limited DNA synthesis. The nascent DNA then pairs with microhomologous sequences on the other break end. This synthesis-dependent microhomology-mediated end joining (SD-MMEJ) explains many of the alt-EJ repair products recovered following I-SceI nuclease cutting in Drosophila. However, sequence-specific factors that influence SD-MMEJ repair remain to be fully characterized. Here, we expand the utility of the SD-MMEJ model through computational analysis of repair products at Cas9-induced double-strand breaks for 1100 different sequence contexts. We find evidence at single nucleotide resolution for sequence characteristics that drive successful SD-MMEJ repair. These include optimal primer repeat length, distance of repeats from the break, flexibility of DNA sequence between primer repeats, and positioning of microhomology templates relative to preferred primer repeats. In addition, we show that DNA polymerase theta is necessary for most SD-MMEJ repair at Cas9 breaks. The analysis described here includes a computational pipeline that can be utilized to characterize preferred mechanisms of alt-EJ repair in any sequence context.
NURF301 contributes to gypsy chromatin insulator-mediated nuclear organization
Authors: Chen Shue , Rosin Leah F , Pegoraro Gianluca , Moshkovich Nellie , Murphy Patrick J , Yu Guoyun , Lei Elissa P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chromatin insulators are DNA-protein complexes that can prevent the spread of repressive chromatin and block communication between enhancers and promoters to regulate gene expression. In Drosophila, the gypsy chromatin insulator complex consists of three core proteins: CP190, Su(Hw), and Mod(mdg4)67.2. These factors concentrate at nuclear foci termed insulator bodies, and changes in insulator body localization have been observed in mutants defective for insulator function. Here, we identified NURF301/E(bx), a nucleosome remodeling factor, as a novel regulator of gypsy insulator body localization through a high-throughput RNAi imaging screen. NURF301 promotes gypsy-dependent insulator barrier activity and physically interacts with gypsy insulator proteins. Using ChIP-seq, we found that NURF301 co-localizes with insulator proteins genome-wide, and NURF301 promotes chromatin association of Su(Hw) and CP190 at gypsy insulator binding sites. These effects correlate with NURF301-dependent nucleosome repositioning. At the same time, CP190 and Su(Hw) both facilitate recruitment of NURF301 to chromatin. Finally, Oligopaint FISH combined with immunofluorescence revealed that NURF301 promotes 3D contact between insulator bodies and gypsy insulator DNA binding sites, and NURF301 is required for proper nuclear positioning of gypsy binding sites. Our data provide new insights into how a nucleosome remodeling factor and insulator proteins cooperatively contribute to nuclear organization.
Direct adenylation from 5′-OH-terminated oligonucleotides by a fusion enzyme containing Pfu RNA ligase and T4 polynucleotide kinase
Authors: Yang Zhengquan , Zhang Chengliang , Lian Guojun , Dong Shijie , Song Menghui , Shao Hengrong , Wang Jingmei , Zhong Tao , Luo Zhenni , Jin Shengnan , Ding Chunming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
5′-Adenylated oligonucleotides (AppOligos) are widely used for single-stranded DNA/RNA ligation in next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications such as microRNA (miRNA) profiling. The ligation between an AppOligo adapter and target molecules (such as miRNA) no longer requires ATP, thereby minimizing potential self-ligations and simplifying library preparation procedures. AppOligos can be produced by chemical synthesis or enzymatic modification. However, adenylation via chemical synthesis is inefficient and expensive, while enzymatic modification requires pre-phosphorylated substrate and additional purification. Here we cloned and characterized the Pfu RNA ligase encoded by the PF0353 gene in the hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus. We further engineered fusion enzymes containing both Pfu RNA ligase and T4 polynucleotide kinase. One fusion enzyme, 8H-AP, was thermostable and can directly catalyze 5′-OH-terminated DNA substrates to adenylated products. The newly discovered Pfu RNA ligase and the engineered fusion enzyme may be useful tools for applications using AppOligos.
Catalyzing industrial decarbonization: the promissory legitimacy of fossil-free Sweden
Authors: Brodén Gyberg Veronica , Lövbrand Eva 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 2017, the Swedish parliament adopted a new climate policy framework that lays the foundations for an ambitious decarbonization of all sectors in Swedish society. To live up to the Paris Agreement’s temperature targets, the parliament decided that Sweden should arrive at net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by year 2045 and thereafter aim for net negative emissions. This progressive climate policy agenda is embedded in a strong collaborative discourse. To begin the transition to a fossil-free society, the Swedish government has invited a wide array of actors to join forces in the formulation and implementation of low carbon initiatives. In this article, we examine the fossil-free society as a powerful socio-technical imaginary that underpins this collaborative effort. We trace the promise attached to this future dreamscape and how it is mobilized by the government initiative fossil-free Sweden (FFS) to gain support for industrial decarbonization in the present. Our study draws upon roadmaps produced by FFS together with the Swedish steel, cement and petroleum industry, as well as semi-structured interviews with selected industry actors. We find that the FFS roadmaps work as powerful ‘techniques of futuring’ that invite industry actors to anticipate the risks and opportunities attached to the fossil-free society and at the same time contribute to shaping that society. While effectively involving incumbent actors in the political project of decarbonization, our study suggests that the roadmaps consolidate around an imagined future that is a techno-optimistic extension of the fossil-intensive present.
Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Improve Insight in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Adam Ondine , Blay Martin , Brunoni Andre R , Chang Hsin-An , Gomes July S , Javitt Daniel C , Jung Do-Un , Kantrowitz Joshua T , Koops Sanne , Lindenmayer Jean-Pierre , Palm Ulrich , Smith Robert C , Sommer Iris E , Valiengo Leandro do Costa Lane , Weickert Thomas W , Brunelin Jérôme , Mondino Marine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Impaired insight into the illness and its consequences is associated with poor outcomes in schizophrenia. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may represent a potentially effective treatment strategy to relieve various symptoms of schizophrenia, its impact on insight remains unclear. To investigate whether tDCS would modulate insight in patients with schizophrenia, we undertook a meta-analysis based on results from previous RCTs that investigated the clinical efficacy of tDCS. We hypothesize that repeated sessions of tDCS will be associated with insight improvement among patients.

Study Design
PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs that delivered at least 10 tDCS sessions in patients with schizophrenia. The primary outcome was the change in insight score, assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) item G12 following active tDCS sessions as opposed to sham stimulation. Effect sizes were calculated for all studies and pooled using a random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted.

Study Results
Thirteen studies (587 patients with schizophrenia) were included. A significant pooled effect size (g) of −0.46 (95% CI [−0.78; −0.14]) in favor of active tDCS was observed. Age and G12 score at baseline were identified as significant moderators, while change in total PANSS score was not significant.

Conclusions
Ten sessions of active tDCS with either frontotemporoparietal or bifrontal montage may improve insight into the illness in patients with schizophrenia. The effect of this treatment could contribute to the beneficial outcomes observed in patients following stimulation.
Medical Mistrust in Perinatal Mental Health
Authors: Conteh Nkechi , Gagliardi Jane , McGahee Shunda , Molina Rose , Clark Crystal T. , Clare Camille A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite the advancement of telemedicine and recent innovations in treatment, minoritized women continue to bear a disproportionate burden of pregnancy-related psychiatric conditions and complications, which the pandemic has further exacerbated. Research demonstrates that medical mistrust and systemic racism play central roles in the underutilization of services by racially and ethnically diverse women during pregnancy and postpartum. To effectively address these disparities, it is imperative to understand the drivers of medical mistrust in perinatal health care systems. This Perspectives article describes the historical context of medical mistrust in psychiatric and obstetric health systems and offers solutions to mitigate mistrust and the impact of systemic racism on perinatal care.
Implications of the presence of private equity in ophthalmology: an academic perspective
Authors: Patel Shriji , Garner Desmond C. , Berkowitz Sean T. , Sternberg Paul 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Private equity acquisitions of ophthalmology private practices have been steadily increasing over the past decade with far-reaching implications. Ophthalmology departments at academic medical centers are not insulated from the impact of this trend.

Recent findings
The limited data on this subject in the ophthalmology literature identify the growing number of practice acquisitions. However, the lack of transparency obfuscates a clear understanding of the effect on patients and practice patterns.

Summary
Leaders at academic medical centers need to be aware of surrounding practice consolidation because of private equity as this could affect revenue streams and patient referral patterns, accelerating expansion. Trainees are entering an uncertain job marketplace that may create a compelling argument to practice in an academic medical center ophthalmology department.
How private equity achieves return on investment in ophthalmology
Authors: Shah Chirag P. , Wolfe Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To review how private equity entities generate profit for investors and ophthalmologists.

Recent findings
There is a preponderance of private equity acquisitions and consolidation in ophthalmology. These private equity entities generate revenue by growth, profit improvement, and efficient use of capital structure. Physician partners sell their revenue and assets to a private equity entity while retaining a percentage of future profit. In general, a greater percentage going forward, will result in a smaller initial buyout. Partners typically receive payment in the form of cash and stock in the private equity entity, aligning incentives of both parties to grow and succeed. Junior associates and future partners typically do not benefit from the cash buyout but might have opportunity to buy shares in the private equity entity.

Summary
The ophthalmology job market has changed significantly with the rise in private equity. Private equity investors profit from organic growth, economies of scale, and future revenue of ophthalmology practices. Ophthalmology partners benefit from often sizeable buyouts and potentially profitable shares in the private equity entity. Junior and future ophthalmologist may be less likely to succeed financially compared with their contemporaries. Some private equity entities will thrive and other may fail, particularly if they are unable to attract talented new ophthalmologists.
Frequency Mapping of a Precurved Electrode Array in the Internal Auditory Canal for a Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipient
Authors: Anderson Melissa R. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Park Lisa R. , Brown Kevin D. , Dillon Margaret T. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Review the effectiveness of an alternative mapping procedure of a precurved electrode array in the internal auditory canal (IAC).

Design
A 7-year-old bilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipient of precurved arrays transferred to the study site and demonstrated no speech recognition with the left CI. Imaging revealed bilateral incomplete partition type III malformations. For the left CI, four contacts were observed in the basal cochlear turn and 18 contacts were coiled in the IAC. The family decided against revision surgery. Pitch ranking was completed to map the contacts in the IAC that were perceptually discrete and tonotopically organized.

Results
For the left CI, PB-K word recognition improved from no recognition to 32% after 1 month and to 52% after 3 months. In the bilateral CI condition, performance improved from 56 to 72% after 1 month and 80% after 3 months.

Conclusion
A precurved array in the IAC creates difficult management decisions. Direct stimulation of the auditory nerve resulted in better monaural and bilateral speech recognition, likely due to better spectral representation of the speech signal. Individualizing the map using imaging and behavioral findings may improve performance for malpositioned arrays when revision surgery is not pursued.