bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Specific Physiological Responses to Ultramarathon
Authors: TILLER NICHOLAS B. , WHEATLEY-GUY COURTNEY M. , FERMOYLE CAITLIN C. , ROBACH PAUL , ZIEGLER BRIANA , GAVET ALICE , SCHWARTZ JESSE C. , TAYLOR BRYAN J. , CONSTANTINI KEREN , MURDOCK ROBERT , JOHNSON BRUCE D. , STEWART GLENN M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Despite a growing body of literature on the physiological responses to ultramarathon, there is a paucity of data in females. This study assessed the female physiological response to ultramarathon and compared the frequency of perturbations to a group of race- and time-matched males.

Methods
Data were collected from 53 contestants of an ultramarathon trail race at the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB®) in 2018/19. Before and within 2 h of the finish, participants underwent physiological assessments, including blood sampling for biomarkers (creatine kinase–MB isoenzyme [CK-MB], cardiac troponin I [cTnI], brain natriuretic peptide [BNP], and creatinine [Cr]), pulmonary function testing (spirometry, exhaled NO, diffusing capacities, and mouth pressures), and transthoracic ultrasound (lung comet tails, cardiac function). Data from eight female finishers (age = 36.6 ± 6.9 yr; finish time = 30:57 ± 11:36 h:min) were compared with a group of eight time-matched males (age = 40.3 ± 8.3 yr; finish time = 30:46 ± 10:32 h:min).

Results
Females exhibited significant pre- to postrace increases in BNP (25.8 ± 14.6 vs 140.9 ± 102.7 pg·mL−1; P = 0.007) and CK-MB (3.3 ± 2.4 vs 74.6 ± 49.6 IU·L−1; P = 0.005), whereas males exhibited significant pre- to postrace increases in BNP (26.6 ± 17.5 vs 96.4 ± 51.9 pg·mL−1; P = 0.002), CK-MB (7.2 ± 3.9 vs 108.8 ± 37.4 IU·L−1; P = 0.002), and Cr (1.06 ± 0.19 vs 1.23 ± 0.24 mg·dL−1; P = 0.028). Lung function declined in both groups, but males exhibited additional reductions in lung diffusing capacities (DLCO = 34.4 ± 5.7 vs 29.2 ± 6.9 mL⋅min−1⋅mm Hg−1, P = 0.004; DLNO = 179.1 ± 26.2 vs 152.8 ± 33.4 mL⋅min−1⋅mm Hg−1, P = 0.002) and pulmonary capillary blood volumes (77.4 ± 16.7 vs 57.3 ± 16.1 mL; P = 0.002). Males, but not females, exhibited evidence of mild postrace pulmonary edema. Pooled effect sizes for within-group pre- to postrace changes, for all variables, were generally larger in males versus females (d = 0.86 vs 0.63).

Conclusions
Ultramarathon negatively affects a range of physiological functions but generally evokes more frequent perturbations, with larger effect sizes, in males compared to females with similar race performances.
Learning Motivation, Democratic Parenting, and Peer Relations Predict Academic Self-Concept
Authors: Ningsih Risaniatin , Degeng I Nyoman Sudana , Triyono Triyono , Ramli M. 
Published: June 2022

<p style="text-align: justify;">Students' academic self-concept is a concerning concept in educational research. The purpose of this research is to examine the simultaneous influence and relationship of learning motivation, democratic parenting, and peer relations with academic self-concept in students. This is a correlational research with a cluster random sampling method used to collect data from 962 students. The result showed that learning motivation, democratic parenting, and peer relations had a partial and simultaneous relationship with students' academic self-concept. Furthermore, support from guidance and counselors, homeroom teachers, and parents is essential for students to actualize and develop their character optimally and effectively. </p>
A multi-population phenome-wide association study of genetically-predicted height in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Raghavan Sridharan , Huang Jie , Tcheandjieu Catherine , Huffman Jennifer E. , Litkowski Elizabeth , Liu Chang , Ho Yuk-Lam A. , Hunter-Zinck Haley , Zhao Hongyu , Marouli Eirini , North Kari E. ,   the VA Million Veteran Program, Lange Ethan , Lange Leslie A. , Voight Benjamin F. , Gaziano J. Michael , Pyarajan Saiju , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Tsao Philip S. , Wilson Peter W. F. , Chang Kyong-Mi , Cho Kelly , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Sun Yan V. , Assimes Themistocles L. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Height has been associated with many clinical traits but whether such associations are causal versus secondary to confounding remains unclear in many cases. To systematically examine this question, we performed a Mendelian Randomization-Phenome-wide association study (MR-PheWAS) using clinical and genetic data from a national healthcare system biobank.

Methods and findings
Analyses were performed using data from the US Veterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program in non-Hispanic White (EA, n = 222,300) and non-Hispanic Black (AA, n = 58,151) adults in the US. We estimated height genetic risk based on 3290 height-associated variants from a recent European-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis. We compared associations of measured and genetically-predicted height with phenome-wide traits derived from the VA electronic health record, adjusting for age, sex, and genetic principal components. We found 345 clinical traits associated with measured height in EA and an additional 17 in AA. Of these, 127 were associated with genetically-predicted height at phenome-wide significance in EA and 2 in AA. These associations were largely independent from body mass index. We confirmed several previously described MR associations between height and cardiovascular disease traits such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), and atrial fibrillation, and further uncovered MR associations with venous circulatory disorders and peripheral neuropathy in the presence and absence of diabetes. As a number of traits associated with genetically-predicted height frequently co-occur with CHD, we evaluated effect modification by CHD status of genetically-predicted height associations with risk factors for and complications of CHD. We found modification of effects of MR associations by CHD status for atrial fibrillation/flutter but not for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or venous circulatory disorders.

Conclusions
We conclude that height may be an unrecognized but biologically plausible risk factor for several common conditions in adults. However, more studies are needed to reliably exclude horizontal pleiotropy as a driving force behind at least some of the MR associations observed in this study.
Porcine model of neurocysticercosis by intracarotid injection of Taenia solium oncospheres: Dose assessment, infection outcomes and serological responses
Authors: Arroyo Gianfranco , Toribio Luz , Vargas-Calla Ana , Calcina Juan F. , Bernal Edson , Chile Nancy , Zambrano Miguel , Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Chacaltana Juan , Marzal Miguel , Bustos Javier A. , Verastegui Manuela R. , Gilman Robert H. , O’Neal Seth E. , Gonzalez Armando E. , Garcia Hector H. ,   for The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: June 2022

BackgroundNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is the infection of the human central nervous system (CNS) byTaenia soliumlarvae that cause significant neurological morbidity. Studies on NCC pathophysiology, host-parasite interactions or therapeutic agents are limited by the lack of suitable animal models. We have previously reported that carotid injection of activatedT.soliumoncospheres directs parasites into the CNS and consistently reproduces NCC. This study assessed the minimal dose required to consistently obtain NCC by intracarotid oncosphere injection and compared antigen and antibody response profiles by dose-group.Methods/Principal findingsThree groups of pigs were infected with either 2500 (n = 10), 5000 (n = 11), or 10000 (n = 10) oncospheres. Two pigs died during the study. Necropsy exam at day 150 post-infection (PI) demonstrated viable NCC in 21/29 pigs (72.4%), with higher NCC rates with increasing oncosphere doses (4/9 [44.4%], 9/11 [81.8%] and 8/9 [88.9%] for 2500, 5000, and 10000 oncospheres respectively,Pfor trend = 0.035). CNS cyst burden was also higher in pigs with increasing doses (Pfor trend = 0.008). Viable and degenerated muscle cysticerci were also found in all pigs, with degenerated cysticerci more frequent in the 2500 oncosphere dose-group. All pigs were positive for circulating parasite antigens on ELISA (Ag-ELISA) from day 14 PI; circulating antigens markedly increased at day 30 PI and remained high with plateau levels in pigs infected with either 5000 or 10000 oncospheres, but not in pigs infected with 2500 oncospheres. Specific antibodies appeared at day 30 PI and were not different between dose-groups.Conclusion/SignificanceIntracarotid injection of 5000 or more oncospheres produces high NCC rates in pigs with CNS cyst burdens like those usually found in human NCC, making this model appropriate for studies on the pathogenesis of NCC and the effects of antiparasitic treatment.
Utilization and cost of drugs for diabetes and its comorbidities and complications in Kuwait
Authors: Alowayesh Maryam S. , Aljunid Syed M. , Al-Adsani Afaf , Alessa Thamer , Alattar Abdulnabi , Alroudhan Dherar 
Published: June 2022

Background
Diabetes imposes a large burden on countries’ healthcare expenditures. In Kuwait, diabetes prevalence in adults is estimated at 22.0%%—double the worldwide prevalence (9.3%). There is little current data on pharmaceutical costs in Kuwait of managing diabetes and diabetes-related complications and comorbidities.

Objectives
Estimate the utilization and cost of drugs for diabetes and diabetes-related complications and comorbidities in Kuwait for year 2018, as well determinants of costs.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used a multi-stage stratified sampling method. Patients were Kuwaiti citizens with diabetes, aged 18–80, recruited from all six governorates. Physicians collected demographic data, clinical data, and current drug prescription for each patient which was extrapolated for the full year of 2018. A prevalence-based approach and bottom-up costing were used. Data were described according to facility type (primary care vs. hospital). A generalized linear model with log function and normal distribution compared drug costs for patients with and without comorbidities/complications after adjustments for demographic and health confounders (gender, age group, disease duration, and obesity).

Results
Of 1182 diabetes patients, 64.0% had dyslipidemia and 57.7% had hypertension. Additionally, 40.7% had diabetes-related complications, most commonly neuropathy (19.7%). Of all diabetes patients, 85.9% used oral antidiabetics (alone or in combinations), 49.5% used insulin alone or in combinations, and 29.3% used both oral antidiabetics and insulin. The most frequently used oral drug was metformin (75.7%), followed by DPP4 inhibitors (40.2%) and SGLT2 inhibitors (23.8%). The most frequently used injectables were insulin glargine (36.6%), followed by GLP-1 receptor agonists (15.4%). Total annual drug cost for Kuwait’s diabetic population for year 2018 was US$201 million (US$1,236.30 per patient for antidiabetics plus drugs for comorbidities/complications).

Conclusions
Drug costs for treating diabetes and comorbidities/complications accounted for an estimated 22.8% of Kuwait’s 2018 drug expenditures. Comorbidities and complications add 44.7% to the average drug cost per diabetes patient.
Influence of precedent drug on the subsequent therapy in the sequence of trifluridine/tipiracil with/out bevacizumab and regorafenib for unresectable or recurrent colorectal cancer
Authors: Oshima Kotoe , Hirano Hidekazu , Shoji Hirokazu , Iwasa Satoru , Okita Natsuko , Takashima Atsuo , Boku Narikazu 
Published: June 2022

Background
Trifluridine/tipiracil (TFTD), with or without bevacizumab (Bev), and regorafenib are salvage chemotherapy options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here, we examined the influence of precedent drug on the efficacy of subsequent drug.

Method
The subjects were patients with mCRC who received salvage chemotherapy with TFTD (with/without Bev) followed by regorafenib (TFTD→Rego group/TFTD+Bev→Rego group), or reverse sequence (Rego→TFTD group) at the National Cancer Center Hospital between November 2013 and December 2020. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), tumor growth rate (TGR), and tumor growth kinetics (TGK) in the first evaluation were assessed in the three groups.

Results
A total of 69 patients, including 27 in the TFTD→Rego group, 13 in the TFTD+Bev→Rego group, and 29 in the Rego→TFTD group, were identified. There were no significant differences in the OS among the three groups, and in the PFS and DCR between the precedent and subsequent therapies in any of the groups. The median TGR (%/month) and TGK (mm/month) in the precedent→subsequent therapy were 50.9→32.7 (p = 0.044) and 8.76→7.79 in the TFTD→Rego group, 25.4→36.1 and 7.49→9.92 in the TFTD+Bev→Rego group, and 40.8→24.4 (p = 0.027) and 8.02→7.20 in the Rego→TFTD group, respectively.

Conclusion
In crossover use of TFTD with/without Bev and regorafenib, both agents showed similar efficacy in terms of the conventional parameters, but the differences observed in the TGR and TGK might suggest some influence of prior regorafenib treatment on the efficacy of subsequent TFTD therapy, and vice versa.
Resveratrol-nitric oxide donor hybrid effect on priapism in sickle cell and nitric oxide-deficient mouse
Authors: Pinheiro Andressa Kely , Pereira Dalila Andrade , dos Santos Jean Leandro , Calmasini Fabiano Beraldi , Alexandre Eduardo Costa , Reis Leonardo Oliveira , Burnett Arthur L. , Costa Fernando Ferreira , Silva Fábio Henrique 
Published: June 2022

Background
Children and adult with sickle cell disease (SCD) display priapism associated with low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and oxidative stress in penis.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hybrid compound RVT-FxMe, derived from resveratrol bearing a NO-donor subunit, on two murine model that display priapism phenotype, SCD transgenic mice and endothelial NO synthase gene-deficient (eNOS-/-) mice.

Methods
Wild-type, SCD, and eNOS-/- mice were treated with RVT-FxMe (25 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks).

Outcomes
Hematological parameters, concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as well as to electrical field stimulation (EFS), were obtained in mice corpus cavernosum strips.

Results
Corpus cavernosum relaxations to SNP and EFS were increased in eNOS-/- group, which were normalized by RVT-FxMe treatment. SCD mice exhibited an excessive CC relaxant response induced by ACh, EFS and SNP RVT-FxMe treatment did not change the increased relaxant responses to ACh, EFS and SNP in corpus cavernosum from SCD group.

Clinical translation
Excess of plasma hemoglobin in SCD may interfere in pharmacological activity of NO donors compounds.

Strength/Limitations
While mechanistic data with promising potential is showed, the current study is not without limitations. RVT-FxMe effects in the mid- and long-term warrant complementary studies.

Conclusion
Treatment with RVT-FxMe reversed the enhanced NO-cGMP-mediated CC relaxations in eNOS-/- mice, but not in SCD mice; it is likely that excess of plasma hemoglobin in SCD mice act to inactivate NO before it reaches soluble guanylyl cyclase, avoiding restoration of NO bioavailability in penis.
INTEGRATION RELATIONS OF ALTAI TERRITORY WITH THE SIBERIAN REGIONS: PREREQUISITES FOR FORMATION AND RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
Authors: Trotskovsky A. Ya. , Perekarenkova Yu. A. , Rodionova L. V. , Sergienko A. M. 
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the characterization of the prerequisites for formation and limitations of the study of the integration ties of the Altai Territory with the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The results of a study focused on the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of mechanisms and driving forces for formation of integrated socio-economic space of Altai Territory with the regions of the Siberian Federal District and an assessment of the integration potential of Altai Territory are presented. The conclusion is made about the need for systematization and generalization of literature on this topic.
The conclusion about the insufficient economic potential of Altai Territory to overcome а lag behind other regions of the SFD in terms of socio-economic development and to activate of interregional ties is substantiated. A noticeable integration potential is inherent in the food industry, although there are a number of obstacles for its implementation. The influence of coke production, machinery and equipment on the interregional trade scale is significant. The estimation of changes in the population incomes of Altai Territory at various stages of the economy is given.
The limitations of the research of the interregional movement of goods and population imposed by specifics of statistical accounting are considered. An assessment of consequences of inadequate reflection of commodity and migration flows on the study results is given.
The Global Incidence of Peptic Ulcer Disease Is Decreasing Since the Turn of the 21st Century: A Study of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)
Authors: Azhari Hassan , King James A. , Coward Stephanie , Windsor Joseph W. , Ma Christopher , Shah Shailja C. , Ng Siew C. , Mak Joyce W.Y. , Kotze Paulo G. , Ben-Horin Shomron , Loftus Edward V. , Lees Charlie W. , Gearry Richard , Burisch Johan , Lakatos Peter L. , Calvet Xavier , Bosques Padilla Francisco Javier , Underwood Fox E. , Kaplan Gilaad G. 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common cause of hospitalization worldwide. We assessed temporal trends in hospitalization for PUD in 36 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries since the turn of the 21st century.

METHODS:
The OECD database contains data on PUD-related hospital discharges and mortality for 36 countries between 2000 and 2019. Hospitalization rates for PUD were expressed as annual rates per 100,000 persons. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each country, which were pooled using meta-analyses. The incidence of PUD was forecasted to 2021 using autoregressive integrated moving average and Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:
The overall median hospitalization rate was 42.4 with an interquartile range of 29.7–60.6 per 100,000 person-years. On average, hospitalization rates (AAPC = −3.9%; 95% CI: −4.4, −3.3) and morality rates (AAPC = −4.7%; 95% CI: −5.6, −3.8) for PUD have decreased from 2000 to 2019 globally. The forecasted incidence of PUD hospitalizations in 2021 ranged from 3.5 per 100,000 in Mexico to 92.1 per 100,000 in Lithuania. Across 36 countries in the OECD, 329,000 people are estimated to be hospitalized for PUD in 2021.

DISCUSSION:
PUD remains an important cause of hospitalization worldwide. Reassuringly, hospitalizations and mortality for PUD have consistently been falling in OECD countries in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Identifying underlying factors driving these trends is essential to sustaining this downward momentum.
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Genetic Variants in HLA Class II Genes Associated With Transplant-free Survival of Indeterminate Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Liao Tsung-Jen , Pan Bohu , Hong Huixiao , Hayashi Paul , Rule Jody A. , Ganger Daniel , Lee William M. , Rakela Jorge , Chen Minjun 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Indeterminate acute liver failure (IND-ALF) is a rare clinical syndrome with a high mortality rate. Lacking a known etiology makes rapid evaluation and treatment difficult, with liver transplantation often considered as the only therapeutic option. Our aim was to identify genetic variants from whole exome sequencing data that might be associated with IND-ALF clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
Bioinformatics analysis was performed on whole exome sequencing data for 22 patients with IND-ALF. A 2-tier approach was used to identify significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IND-ALF clinical outcomes. Tier 1 identified the SNPs with a higher relative risk in the IND-ALF population compared with those identified in control populations. Tier 2 determined the SNPs connected to transplant-free survival and associated with model for end-stage liver disease serum sodium and Acute Liver Failure Study Group prognostic scores.

RESULTS:
Thirty-one SNPs were found associated with a higher relative risk in the IND-ALF population compared with those in controls, of which 11 belong to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes but none for the class I. Further analysis showed that 5 SNPs: rs796202376, rs139189937, and rs113473719 of HLA-DRB5; rs9272712 of HLA-DQA1; and rs747397929 of IDO1 were associated with a higher probability of IND-ALF transplant-free survival. Using 3 selected SNPs, a model for the polygenic risk score was developed to predict IND-ALF prognoses, which are comparable with those by model for end-stage liver disease serum sodium and Acute Liver Failure Study Group prognostic scores.

DISCUSSION:
Certain gene variants in HLA-DRB5, HLA-DQA1, and IDO1 were found associated with IND-ALF transplant-free survival. Once validated, these identified SNPs may help elucidate the mechanism of IND-ALF and assist in its diagnosis and management.
Data and Competitive Markets: Some Notes on Competition, Concentration and Welfare
Authors: Osório António 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Companies are increasingly using data to predict behavior and improve the relation with their customers. In this context, data exchange raises important concerns regarding competition, concentration and welfare. This paper presents a novel linear demand approach that captures data and information effects in competitive markets, which are conveniently summarized in a precision parameter. Subsequently, the proposed approach is applied to study the firm’s incentives to exchange data and their impact in fundamental market variables, welfare and market concentration measures. We found that the incentives for data exchange between competitor firms emerge when the individual information gains are strong enough to compensate for the competitor’s information gains, and the associated strategic correlation effect between varieties. The results also suggest that market concentration tends to increase after data exchange, but both consumers and producers benefit from it. The reason is that better data allows firms to positioning closer to consumers’ needs.
Framing bilingualism within the context of a transnational border: place-based and place-conscious enactments for two kinds of bilingual youth in Laredo, Texas
Authors: Faltis Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the bilingualism of local communities and the way that a group of high school teachers discuss and understand bilingualism and biliteracy of two kinds of bilingual youth are examined from a place-based, place-conscious perspective. The high school teachers want to create a new dual language program for local students from Laredo and students from across the Rio Grande River, Nuevo Laredo. The paper shows how the teachers’ language orientations and ideologies inform the ways they view the language capabilities differently for each group of students, favoring academic Spanish and lamenting the language deficits of local Laredo bilingual youth. The paper ends with a recommendation for ways to trouble language orientations and ideologies with an eye toward gaining a deeper, more place-conscious understanding of youth bilingualism and how schools and teachers bear responsible for improving conditions for expanding bilingualism of local youth.