bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Synthesis of α‐Alkoxy Enones by α‐Addition of Alcohols to Alkynones Using 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol and PPh3 as Co‐catalysts
Authors: Li Xiu‐Ming , Yang Jing‐Kui 
Published: November 2022

Abstractα‐Alkoxy enones are quite useful building blocks in organic chemistry. The existing methods for syntheses of these compounds remain somewhat limited. Over the past years, nucleophilic phosphine catalysis has emerged as a practical and powerful tool for constructing diverse molecules with the advantages of environmental‐friendly, metal‐free, and mild reaction conditions. Meanwhile, alkynone is easy to prepare, can undergo a variety of reactions, and is a commonly used substrate for organic synthesis. α‐Addition of alcohols to alkynones is a direct way to construct α‐alkoxy enones. In this study, it was delightful to find that using PPh3 (10 mmol %) and 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) (20 mmol %) could redirect from β‐addition to α‐addition. With this approach, a variety of α‐alkoxy enones could be obtained directly with good yields and regioselectivity. Under optimal conditions, the generality of the reaction was investigated. Substrate scope studies showed that the reaction was well tolerated with many alcohols. Mechanistic study is also demonstrated.
Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf tea
Authors: He Qian , Yang Kailin , Wu Xinyan , Zhang Chunhong , He Chunnian , Xiao Peigen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSea buckthorn leaf tea, an emerging potential functional beverage product, has not yet had appropriate product standards and corresponding quality evaluation methods, and its poor taste directly affects the acceptance of the population, thus limiting its market consumption potential. In this study, two major packaging forms of sea buckthorn leaf tea available in the Chinese market were selected. The contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and 10 phenolic compounds, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of sea buckthorn leaf tea were analyzed. Results showed that the quality of sea buckthorn leaf tea in the Chinese market varied widely. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and consumer acceptance of bagged sea buckthorn leaf tea were higher than those of bulk sea buckthorn leaf tea. Multifactorial statistical analysis showed that the taste astringency of sea buckthorn leaf tea was closely related to ellagic acid and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidin. Furthermore, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidin had a greater effect on the antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn leaf tea. Therefore, ellagic acid and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidin can be used as potential quality markers for sea buckthorn leaf tea. This work provides a reference for taste improvement and quality control of sea buckthorn leaf tea.
Pricing arithmetic Asian and Amerasian options: A diffusion operator integral expansion approach
Authors: Ding Kailin , Cui Zhenyu , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new explicit series expansion formula for the price of an arithmetic Asian option under the Black–Scholes model and Merton's jump‐diffusion model. The method is based on an equivalence in law relation together with the diffusion operator integral method proposed by Heath and Platen. The method yields explicit series expansion formula for the Asian options' prices. The theoretical convergence of the expansion to the true value is established. We also consider the American Asian option (i.e., Amerasian option) and derive the corresponding expansion formula through the early exercise premium representation. Numerical results illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method as compared with benchmarks in the literature.
Late Permian radiolarians from the ‘Middle‐UpperDevonian’ in the Paqiu area of theChangning‐MenglianBelt, western Yunnan, China and their bearings on analysing the remains of thePalaeo‐Tethys
Authors: Zheng Jianbin , Jin Xiaochi , Huang Hao , Yan Zhen 
Published: November 2022

The Changning‐Menglian Belt in western Yunnan, China, is one of the key regions to decode the evolution of Palaeo‐Tethys. However, the work has been hampered considerably by the loose definition and composite nature of some stratigraphic units in the belt. These units normally have varied lithological components (slices of sequences), most of which yield scarce fossils. An example is the ‘Middle‐Upper Devonian (D2‐3)’ unit, which was established to accommodate a series of cherts, shales, siltstones and sandstones, occurring rather frequently in the central zone of the Belt. Its age assignment was mainly based on the Late Devonian conodonts from some siliceous shale intervals. However, the ‘D2‐3’ unit contains strata of ages other than Middle‐Late Devonian, as has been indicated by a few studies in the Chahe‐Manxin area. The Late Permian radiolarians have been obtained from bedded cherts of the ‘D2‐3’ in Paqiu area which provided the first solid evidence for the presence of Late Permian beds in the ‘D2‐3’ in this area. Radiolarians from two chert outcrops about 3 km apart can be assigned to two Wuchiapingian‐Changhsingian assemblages, namely, theAlbaillella levisandAlbaillella protolevisassemblages, respectively, with the former being slightly younger than the latter. Statistical analysis of Permian radiolarians from different localities in the Belt shows that Late Permian radiolarians are much commoner than Middle Permian radiolarians and Early Permian radiolarians. A review of the taxonomical composition of Late Permian radiolarians of the Belt shows that faunas from different localities can be classed into three groups, according to their contents of albaillellaians, latentifistularians, entactinarians and spumellarians, whose depositional environments correspond respectively to deep water (>500 m), intermediate water (200–500 m), and shallow water depths (<200 m). Such a composition indicates that the Late Permian radiolarian‐bearing siliceous rocks in the Changning‐Menglian Belt are slices from various palaeogeographic settings.
Detailed anatomic segmentations of a fetal brain diffusion tensor imaging atlas between 23 and 30 weeks of gestation
Authors: Calixto Camilo , Machado‐Rivas Fedel , Karimi Davood , Cortes‐Albornoz Maria C. , Acosta‐Buitrago Lina M. , Gallo‐Bernal Sebastian , Afacan Onur , Warfield Simon K. , Gholipour Ali , Jaimes Camilo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work presents detailed anatomic labels for a spatiotemporal atlas of fetal brain Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) between 23 and 30 weeks of post‐conceptional age. Additionally, we examined developmental trajectories in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) across gestational ages (GA). We performed manual segmentations on a fetal brain DTI atlas. We labeled 14 regions of interest (ROIs): cortical plate (CP), subplate (SP), Intermediate zone‐subventricular zone‐ventricular zone (IZ/SVZ/VZ), Ganglionic Eminence (GE), anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule (ALIC, PLIC), genu (GCC), body (BCC), and splenium (SCC) of the corpus callosum (CC), hippocampus, lentiform Nucleus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. A series of linear regressions were used to assess GA as a predictor of FA and MD for each ROI. The combination of MD and FA allowed the identification of all ROIs. Increasing GA was significantly associated with decreasing FA in the CP, SP, IZ/SVZ/IZ, GE, ALIC, hippocampus, and BCC (p < .03, for all), and with increasing FA in the PLIC and SCC (p < .002, for both). Increasing GA was significantly associated with increasing MD in the CP, SP, IZ/SVZ/IZ, GE, ALIC, and CC (p < .03, for all). We developed a set of expert‐annotated labels for a DTI spatiotemporal atlas of the fetal brain and presented a pilot analysis of developmental changes in cerebral microstructure between 23 and 30 weeks of GA.
Iron stores in steady‐state sickle cell disease children accessing care at a sickle cell disease clinic in Kumasi, Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Amanor Ernest , Kwarteng Alexander , Larbi Amma , Fordjour Fatima Amponsah , Koranteng Kelvin Kwaku , Sackey David Sebbie , Bannor Emmanuel , Osei Francis Adjei , Mohammed Aliyu , Ackah Ezekiel Bonwin , Odoom Samuel Frimpong , Nguah Samuel Blay , Paintsil Vivian , Osei‐Akoto Alex 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) have an increased risk of multiple hemotransfusions and this can predispose them to elevated iron stores. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of elevated iron stores and the associated risk factors in a population of steady‐state SCD children in Ghana.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at the pediatric sickle cell clinic at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Complete blood count and serum ferritin assay were performed for (n = 178) steady‐state SCD children. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Elevated iron stores were defined as serum ferritin levels >300 ng/ml. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 9.61 (±4.34) years, and 51% of them were males. About 17% of SCD children had elevated iron stores and receiving at least three hemotransfusions during the last 12 months was strongly associated with elevated iron stores (p < 0.001). History of chronic hemotransfusion increased the odds of having elevated iron store (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 11.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.11–30.85; p < 0.001) but SCD patients on hydroxyurea treatment had reduced‐odds of having elevated iron stores (aOR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.06–0.602; p = 0.006). Moreover, red blood cell (Coef. = −0.84; 95% CI = −0.37, −1.32; p = 0.001), hemoglobin (Coef. = −0.83; 95% CI = −0.05, −1.61; p = 0.04), hematocrit (Coef. = −0.85; 95% CI = −0.08, −1.63; p = 0.03), mean cell volume (Coef. = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.03; p = 0.001) and mean cell hemoglobin (Coef. = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.07; p = 0.002) could significantly predict serum ferritin levels.ConclusionThe magnitude of elevated iron stores was high among children with SCD in steady‐state. Red cell indices could provide invaluable information regarding the risk of elevated iron stores. SCD children who have a history of chronic hemotransfusion or had received at least three hemotransfusions in a year should be monitored for elevated iron stores.
Explaining the factors affecting women's life during COVID‐19 lockdown: A qualitative study among women in Southern Iran
Authors: Shahabi Nahid , Hosseini Zahra , Homayuni Atefeh , Ezati Rad Roghayeh , Gharibzadeh Abdollah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term impact of COVID‐19 on women's health can cause serious damage to the family and society.AimTo explain the factors affecting women's life during COVID‐19 lockdown in Southern Iran.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 20 women who referred to Bandar Abbas health care centers were interviewed and semi‐structured interviews continued until data saturation.ResultsData were extracted into seven categories as follows: socio‐family influence, occupational challenges, financial concern, leisure time, access to services, psychological reactions, and physical problems.ConclusionWe conclude that, lockdown had effects on women's life in terms of psychological, social, economic, and family relationships. Learning risk management skills can help manage these effects.
Ranking of countries based on multi‐dimensional financial inclusion index: A global perspective
Authors: Ghosh Chandralekha , Chaudhury Rimita Hom 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article has proposed a new five‐dimensional financial inclusion index (FII) incorporating important indicators of digital financial services and insurance services to evaluate the scenario of financial inclusion across 136 countries for the year 2017. Here, dimensions have been created depending upon the characteristics of variables. To carry out the analysis, we have used the two‐stage principal component method. First, all five dimension indices (geographic outreach, demographic outreach, access, usage population, and usage volume) have been constructed, and then finally, the composite FII has been computed. One important addition in building this index is the inclusion of insurance‐related and digital finance‐related variables, which have not been included in previous cross‐country studies. Another contribution of this study is the identification of the dimension(s) that ultimately have the greatest influence on the financial inclusion score. We discovered that dimensions (access and usage population) constructed based on demand‐side factors dominate the level of financial inclusion. Therefore, top‐ranking countries in the access and usage population index are more likely to score higher than others in the FII. This underlines the relevance of demand‐side factors as indicators of financial inclusion over supply‐side factors.
Human hair proteins as natural reactive oxygen species scavengers for in vitro applications
Authors: Lai Hui Ying , Setyawati Magdiel Inggrid , Duarte Catarina Vizetto , Chua Huei Min , Low Choon Teck , Ng Kee Woei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman hair proteins are recognized for their intrinsically high cysteine content. They can be solubilized while preserving their highly reductive thiol groups for free radical scavenging applications. The presence of aromatic and nucleophilic amino acids such as methionine, serine, phenylalanine, and threonine further contribute to the antioxidative potential of this material. Herein, utilizing the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) and acellular 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assays, keratins are demonstrated to possess the highest radical scavenging activity among the studied hair proteins. Consequently, protection against hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) cultured in human hair keratin supplemented media is demonstrated. Quenching of reactive oxygen species in the HDF is observed using the CellROX Green dye and the expression levels of antioxidant (HMOX1, SOD2, GPX1) and tumor suppressor (TP53) genes is analyzed using qPCR. Collectively, this study presents further evidence and demonstrates the in vitro application potential of hair proteins, especially keratins, as an antioxidizing supplement.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B Is a Key Element in the Pathological Bone Formation of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Jo Sungsin , Lee Seung Hoon , Park Jinsung , Nam Bora , Kim Hyunsung , Youn Jeehee , Lee Seunghun , Kim Tae-Jong , Sung Il-Hoon , Choi Sung Hoon , Park Ye-Soo , Inman Robert D , Kim Tae-Hwan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Enthesophyte formation plays a crucial role in the development of spinal ankylosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We aimed to investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) in enthesophyte formation of AS using in vitro and in vivo models and to determine the association between PDGFB and spinal progression in AS. Serum PDGFB levels were measured in AS patients and healthy controls (HC). Human entheseal tissues attached to facet joints or spinous processes were harvested at the time of surgery and investigated for bone-forming activity. The impact of a pharmacological agonist and antagonist of platelet-derived growth factor B receptor (PDGFRB) were investigated respectively in curdlan-treated SKG mice. PDGFB levels were elevated in AS sera and correlated with radiographic progression of AS in the spine. Mature osteoclasts secreting PDGFB proteins were increased in the AS group compared with HC and were observed in bony ankylosis tissues of AS. Expression of PDGFRB was significantly elevated in the spinous enthesis and facet joints of AS compared with controls. Moreover, recombinant PDGFB treatment accelerated bone mineralization of enthesis cells, which was pronounced in AS, whereas PDGFRB inhibition efficiently reduced the PDGFB-induced bone mineralization. Also, PDGFRB inhibition attenuated the severity of arthritis and enthesophyte formation at the joints of curdlan-treated SKG mice. This study suggests that regulating PDGFB/PDGFRB signaling could be a novel therapeutic strategy to block key pathophysiological processes of AS. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Exploring the possible mitoprotective and neuroprotective potency of thymoquinone, betanin, and vitamin D against cytarabine‐induced mitochondrial impairment and neurotoxicity in rats' brain
Authors: Salimi Ahmad , Shabani Mohammad , Nikjou Amirreza , Choupani Mahshid , Biniyaz Mohana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt has been suggested that cytarabine (Ara‐C) induces toxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that mitochondrial protective agents and antioxidants can reduce cytarabine‐induced neurotoxicity. For this purpose, 48 male Wistar rats were assigned into eight equal groups include control group, Ara‐C (70 mg/kg, i.p.) group, Ara‐C plus betanin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) group, Ara‐C plus vitamin D (500 U/kg, i.p.) group, Ara‐C plus thymoquinone (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) group, betanin group, vitamin group, and thymoquinone group. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the concentrations of antioxidants (reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) biomarkers, mitochondrial toxicity parameters as well as histopathological alteration in brain tissues were measured. Our results demonstrated that Ara‐C exposure significantly declines the brain enzymes activity (AChE and BChE), levels of antioxidant biomarkers (GSH), and mitochondrial functions, but markedly elevate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA) and mitochondrial toxicity. Almost all of the previously mentioned parameters (especially mitochondrial toxicity) were retrieved by betanin, vitamin D, and thymoquinone compared to Ara‐C group. These findings conclusively indicate that betanin, vitamin D, and thymoquinone administration provide adequate protection against Ara‐C‐induced neurotoxicity through modulations of oxidative, antioxidant activities, and mitochondrial protective (mitoprotective) effects.
HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men, transgender women and cisgender male sex workers in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kloek Mariëlle , Bulstra Caroline A. , van Noord Laura , Al‐Hassany Lina , Cowan Frances M. , Hontelez Jan A. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionDeveloping effective targets, policies and services for key populations requires estimations of population sizes and HIV prevalence across countries and regions. We estimated the relative and absolute HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women and men, and male and transgender sex workers (MSW and TGSW) in sub‐Saharan African countries using peer‐reviewed literature.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of peer‐reviewed studies assessing HIV prevalence in MSM, transgender women and men, MSW and TGSW in sub‐Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2021, following PRISMA guidelines. We searched Embase, Medline Epub, Africa Index Medicus, Africa Journal Online, Web of Science and Google Scholar. We calculated HIV prevalence ratios (PRs) between the study prevalence, and the geospatial‐, sex, time and age‐matched general population prevalence. We extrapolated results for MSM and transgender women to estimate HIV prevalence and the number living with HIV for each country in sub‐Saharan Africa using pooled review results, and regression approximations for countries with no peer‐reviewed data.Results and discussionWe found 44 articles assessing HIV prevalence in MSM, 10 in transgender women, five in MSW and zero in transgender men and TGSW. Prevalence among MSM and transgender women was significantly higher compared to the general population: PRs of 11.3 [CI: 9.9–12.9] for MSM and 8.1 [CI: 6.9–9.6] for transgender women in Western and Central Africa, and, respectively, 1.9 [CI: 1.7–2.0] and 2.1 [CI: 1.9–2.4] in Eastern and Southern Africa. Prevalence among MSW was significantly higher in both Nigeria (PR: 12.4 [CI: 7.3–21.0]) and Kenya (PR: 8.6 [CI: 4.6–15.6]). Extrapolating our findings for MSM and transgender women resulted in an estimated HIV prevalence of 15% or higher for about 60% of all sub‐Saharan African countries for MSM, and for all but two countries for transgender women.ConclusionsHIV prevalence among MSM and transgender women throughout sub‐Saharan Africa is alarmingly high. This high prevalence, coupled with the specific risks and vulnerabilities faced by these populations, highlights the urgent need for risk‐group‐tailored prevention and treatment interventions across the sub‐continent. There is a clear gap in knowledge on HIV prevalence among transgender men, MSW and TGSW in sub‐Saharan Africa.
The angle of the tines before the pull and hold test predicts engagement of the tines in Micra leadless pacemaker implantation
Authors: Mizukami Akira , Miyakuni Shota , Nakada Ryo , Kobayashi Tetsuya , Kawakami Takuya , Takegawa Koki , Arai Hirofumi , Hiroki Jiro , Yoshioka Kenji , Otani Hirofumi , Ono Maki , Yamashita Shu , Ueshima Daisuke , Suzuki Makoto , Matsumura Akihiko , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicra leadless pacemaker is secured to the myocardium by engagement of at least 2/4 tines confirmed with pull and hold test. However, the pull and hold test is sometimes difficult to assess. This study was performed to evaluate whether the angle of the tines before the pull and hold test predicts engagement of the tines in Micra leadless pacemaker implantation.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 93 consecutive patients (52.7% male, age 82.4 ± 9.4 years), who received Micra implantation from September 2017 to June 2020 at our institution. After deployment and before the pull and hold test, the angle of the visible tines to the body of the pacemaker was measured using the RAO view of the fluoroscopy image. The engagement of the tines was then confirmed with the pull and hold test.ResultsA total of 326 tines were analyzed. The angle of the engaged tines was significantly lower than the non‐engaged tines (9.2 degrees [4.0–14.0] vs. 16.6 degrees [14.2–18.8], p < .0001). All tines with angles <10 degrees were engaged. In higher angles, engagement could not be predicted.ConclusionA low angle of the tines before the pull and hold test can predict engagement of the tines in Micra leadless pacemaker implantation. The tines which are already open after deployment may be presumed that they are engaged.