bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AYDIN NAZİLLİ’DE BULUNAN SALUR DAMGALI MEZAR TAŞLARI
Authors: KILAVUZ Bülent Nuri , ADAK Mutlu 
Published: June 2022

İnsanoğlunun hayatında ölüm çok önemli anlardan biridir. İnsan topluluklarının inanışlarına göre boyut değiştirme, yok olma, başka kılığa bürünme gibi ölüme verilen değer ya da ölümden beklenti zamana, mekâna ve kültüre göre değişmektedir. Ölünün gömülmesi geleneği ve ölüm ile ilgili âdetler de aynı şekildedir. Türklerin kadim kültüründe ölüm ve gömü gelenekleri çok önemlidir. Bunu destanlar başta olmak üzere kaynaklarda, kurgan gibi mezarlarda görmek mümkündür. Bu nedenle mezar taşı hakketmek(işlemek, kazımak) eski Türklerden itibaren süregelen bir gelenektir. Mezar taşları birçok disipline yönelik zengin bir kaynaktır. Dikkatli incelendiğinde tarih, sosyoloji, sanat tarihi, edebiyat, arkeoloji gibi disiplinler için bazı önemli sorulara cevaplar barındırmaktadır. Bu noktada damgalar dikkati çekmektedir. Damga, Türk insanının çeşitli nedenlerle ürettiği ve taşa, eşyaya, hayvanlarına işlediği önemli sembollerdir.
Bu çalışmada Salur Boyu damgası taşıyan mezar taşları incelenmiştir. Mezarlara işlenen bu semboller Orta Asya Türklerinden itibaren mezar taşlarına kazınmaktadır. Bu damgalı mezar taşları geleneğin başlaması, sürdürülmesi ve İslamiyet sonrası Anadolu’ya taşınması açısından değerlidir. Aydın ili Nazilli ilçesinde XIV. yüz yıla tarihlenen bu mezar taşları Salur Boyundan kişilere aittir. Salur Boyunun yerleşim alanlarını ve Aydın’daki ilk Türk yerleşimlerinden biri göstermesi açısından Anadolu Türk tarihi ve sanat tarihi için önemli bir kaynaktır. Bu nedenle çalışmada Türklerde mezar geleneği, damga, damga kazımak, damganın kullanım nedenleri, kullanım alanları, Salur boyu, Anadolu’ya taşınması ve Batı Anadolu’daki Salurların yerleşimi tahlil edilerek çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.
Ayrıca Beşir Ayvazoğlu’nun ifadesiyle; “Mezarlar ve mezarlıklar vatanlaşma macerasının somut şahitleridir…” Bu mezar taşları bize, Anadolu’nun fethi, Batı Anadolu’nun vatan haline getirilmesi sürecinde Salur boylarının varlık gösterdiğini göstermektedir. Bunun yanında XIV. yüz yılda Oğuz boylarının yurt tuttukları yerler arasında Aydın’ın da olduğunu göstermesi açısından değerli bir malzemedir.
The Right to Remain “Silent": Deaf Aesthetics in GANGSTA
Authors: Pang Aidan 
Published: June 2022

In the opening to every episode in the Japanese anime series GANGSTA., the following notice appears: “Due to the nature of the main character, subtitles will appear in some places.” Such a narrative choice challenges what it means to hear, revealing how deafness offers more in the way of hearing than its normative definition suggests. GANGSTA.’s portrayal of how the deaf hitman Nicolas Brown uses sound to challenge ableist conceptions of deafness shifts the voyeuristic ear on disability from the so-called disabled body to the able-bodied. To hear sound is a political act, such that it is necessary to ask who has a claim to this sensory experience. What currently qualifies as listening is based on an ableist listening experience, and while the deaf and hard of hearing may utilize other modes of listening, it does not mean they have no say in the realm of sound. Thus, I examine how the aural aesthetics of deafness can be used to disrupt and restructure an ableist politics of listening through the ear.
Long noncoding RNA Gm31629 promotes bone regeneration by maintaining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells activity
Authors: Cai Guangping , Xiao Ye , Yang Mi , Guo Qi , Su Tian , Liu Yalin , Jiang Tiejian , Li Chun 
Published: June 2022

Background
Long noncoding RNA Gm31629 can regulate hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) senescence and the aging process. However, the effect of Gm31629 on the senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone regeneration is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Gm31629 on the senescence of BMSCs and bone regeneration.

Methods
Gm31629 knockout (Gm31629-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used to establish a bone regeneration model. The Brdu labelling, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, β-gal staining and osteogenic differentiation assay were used to assess the effects of Gm31629 on the functions of BMSCs. Micro-computed tomography (CT), histochemical and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the ability of bone regeneration. The mimic of Gm31629, theaflavin 3-gallate, was used to investigate its role on the senescence of BMSCs and bone regeneration.

Results
The expression of Gm31629 reduced in BMSCs of middle-aged mice was compared with that of young mice. The deletion of Gm31629 was sufficient to drive the senescence of BMSCs, resulting in impaired bone regeneration in mice. Mechanistically, Gm31629 could interact with Y-box protein 1(YB-1) and delay its degradation, decreasing the transcription of p16INK4A of BMSCs. We also found that theaflavin 3-gallate could alleviate the senescence of BMSCs and promote bone regeneration in middle-aged mice.

Conclusion
These results indicated that Gm31629 played an important role on BMSCs senescence and bone regeneration and provided a therapeutic target to promote bone regeneration.
Prevalance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in HIV Sero-positive Patients Attending Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia Nasarawa State Nigeria
Authors: K. Fadayomi, V. , U. Umeh, E. , G. Innocent, I. , B. Agbese, J. , I. Kuleve, M. , O. Sunday, E. 
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis is a public health problem especially in developing countries, including Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in HIV patients attending Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 399 sputum samples were collected from HIV patient and examined using culture technique, Gene-Xpert, and SD-Bioline techniques. SD-Bioline test was used to differentiate between MTBC and non-Tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). Risk factors for MTBC were investigated. One hundred and forty-eight (148) MTBC isolates were detected using the culture techniques, 88 MTBC by the Gene-Xpert technique and 37 by the Ziehl-Neelson staining method, and 88 by the rapid test (SD- Bioline test kit) differentiating MTBC from NTM. This result indicates that most of the samples contained NTM (77.9%; 311/399) signifying latent tuberculosis, and 22.1% (88/399) were MTBC. Rate of rifampicin resistance was 13.5% (n = 54) in the study population. RIF resistance was higher in samples from male patients (16.5%; 22/134) than in those from female patients (12.1%; 32/265).
Spread of Mesalazine Rectal Foam after Single Dose in Mild Ulcer Patients
Authors: Rakesh K. , Kumaresan K. , Prameelarani S. , Salman M. , Kamireddy S. , Attili S. V. S. , Sharma Rakesh 
Published: June 2022

Background: The rectal foam enemas were used for ulcerative colitis of distal regions due to its desired efficacy and less side effects. The spread and persistence of the drug plays a key role in the treatment. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to study the spread and persistence of Salofalk (Mesalazine foam Enema), manufactured by Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH (mesalazine) rectal foam in mild ulcerative colitis patients.
Methods: This is an open label, uncontrolled prospective study in ulcerative colitis patients. The patients received 2 g of mesalazine rectal foam (labelled with Tcm99) in two actuations (30 mL). The spread of the radiolabeled formulation was assessed over a period of 4 h by gamma scintigraphy.
Results: The formulation was retained by the patients till 4 h imaging period. The foam spread in rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon. The percentage radioactive dose exposed is more in sigmoid colon compared to rectum and descending colon in 4 h imaging period. The spread of the foam extended till descending colon for two out of 4 patients.
Conclusion: The study results are consistent with the previous studies, and it supports the label indication. The obtained data of the present study provides in vivo evidence of the spread of formulation in the desired site of action.
DESENVOLVIMENTISMO, NEOLIBERALISMO E POLÍTICA EXTERNA: implicações para as relações entre o Brasil e os países africanos
Authors: Almeida Elga Lessa de 
Published: June 2022

A análise dos últimos anos das relações políticas e econômicas entre o Brasil e os países africanos mostra tendência para repetição de um padrão presente ao longo de todo o século XX – curtos períodos de aproximação seguidos por períodos maiores de afastamento. É possível notar que o investimento brasileiro nessas relações tem variado conforme a orientação política adotada, se desenvolvimentista ou neoliberal. O intuito deste artigo é compreender de que forma a adoção de políticas desenvolvimentistas, neoliberais e suas versões do século XXI tem repercutido nas relações entre o Brasil e os países africanos. Partimos do entendimento inicial de que a estabilidade e aprofundamento das relações entre o Brasil e os países africanos são amplamente dependentes da ação estatal, cujas variações de atuação decorrem de algumas limitantes inerentes à posição periférica desses países na economia-mundo e das relações internas travadas dentro desses países.
Evaluation of automatic tube current modulation of CT scanners using a dedicated and the CTDI dosimetry phantoms
Authors: Tsalafoutas Ioannis A. , AlKhazzam Shady , AlNaemi Huda , Kharita Mohammed Hassan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the operation principles of the automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) of a CT scanner, using a dedicated phantom and the CT dosimetry index (CTDI) phantom.Material and methodsThe Mercury 4.0 phantom and three different configurations of the CTDI dosimetry phantom were employed. A frequently used clinical scanning protocol was employed as a basis for the acquisitions performed with all phantoms, using both scanning directions. Additional acquisitions with different pitch and examination protocols were performed with Mercury phantom, to further explore their effect on ATCM and the resulting image quality. Different software named DICOM Info Extractor, ImageJ, and imQuest, were used to derive CTDIvol and table position, image noise, and water equivalent diameter (WED) of each phantom CT image, respectively. ImQuest was also used to derive the detectability index (d’) of five different materials (air, solid water, polystyrene, iodine, and bone) embedded in the Mercury phantom.ResultsIt was exhibited with all four phantoms that the scanning direction greatly affects the modulation curves. The fitting of the dose modulations curves suggested that for each table position what determines the CTDIvol value is the WED values of the phantom structures laying ahead towards the scanning direction, for a length equal to the effective width of the X‐ray beam. Furthermore, it was also exhibited that ATCM does not fully compensate for larger thicknesses, since images of larger WED phantom sections present more noise (larger SD) in all four phantoms and in Mercury 4.0 phantom smaller detectability (d’).ConclusionMercury 4.0 is a dedicated phantom for a complete and in‐depth evaluation of the ATCM operation and the resulting image quality. However, in its absence, different CTDI configurations can be used as an alternative to investigate and comprehend some basic operation principles of the CT scanners’ ATCM systems.
Insensitivity of machine log files to MLC leaf backlash and effect of MLC backlash on clinical dynamic MLC motion: An experimental investigation
Authors: Barnes Michael , Pomare Dennis , Doebrich Marcus , Standen Therese S. , Wolf Joshua , Greer Peter , Simpson John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeMulti‐leaf‐collimator (MLC) leaf position accuracy is important for accurate dynamic radiotherapy treatment plan delivery. Machine log files have become widely utilized for quality assurance (QA) of such dynamic treatments. The primary aim is to test the sensitivity of machine log files in comparison to electronic portal imaging device (EPID)‐based measurements to MLC position errors caused by leaf backlash. The secondary aim is to investigate the effect of MLC leaf backlash on MLC leaf motion during clinical dynamic plan delivery.MethodsThe sensitivity of machine log files and two EPID‐based measurements were assessed via a controlled experiment, whereby the length of the “T” section of a series of 12 MLC leaf T‐nuts in a Varian Millennium MLC for a Trilogy C‐series type linac was reduced by sandpapering the top of the “T” to introduce backlash. The built‐in machine MLC leaf backlash test as well as measurements for two EPID‐based dynamic MLC positional tests along with log files were recorded pre‐ and post‐T‐nut modification. All methods were investigated for sensitivity to the T‐nut change by assessing the effect on measured MLC leaf positions. A reduced version of the experiment was repeated on a TrueBeam type linac with Millennium MLC.ResultsNo significant differences before and after T‐nut modification were detected in any of the log file data. Both EPID methods demonstrated sensitivity to the introduced change at approximately the expected magnitude with a strong dependence observed with gantry angle. EPID‐based data showed MLC positional error in agreement with the micrometer measured T‐nut length change to 0.07 ± 0.05 mm (1 SD) using the departmental routine QA test. Backlash results were consistent between linac types.ConclusionMachine log files appear insensitive to MLC position errors caused by MLC leaf backlash introduced via the T‐nut. The effect of backlash on clinical MLC motions is heavily gantry angle dependent.
Dendrite‐Free and Long‐Cycling Lithium Metal Battery Enabled by Ultrathin, 2D Shield‐Defensive, and Single Lithium‐Ion Conducting Polymeric Membrane
Authors: Liu Qiantong , Liu Ruliang , Cui Yin , Zhou Minghong , Zeng Junkui , Zheng Bingna , Liu Shaohong , Zhu Youlong , Wu Dingcai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolymeric membranes are considered as promising materials to realize safe and long‐life lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, they are usually based on soft 1D linear polymers and thus cannot effectively inhibit piercing of lithium dendrites at high current density. Herein, single lithium‐ion conducting molecular brushes (GO‐g‐PSSLi) are successfully designed and fabricated with a new 2D “soft–hard–soft” hierarchical structure by grafting hairy lithium polystyrenesulfonate (PSSLi) chains on both sides of graphene oxide (GO) sheets. The ultrathin GO‐g‐PSSLi membrane is further constructed by evaporation‐induced layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of GO‐g‐PSSLi molecular brushes. Unlike conventional soft 1D linear polymeric structure, the rigid 2D extended aromatic structure of intralayer GO backbones can bear the shield effect of preventing the dendrites possibly generated at high current density from piercing. More importantly, such a shield effect can be significantly strengthened by layer‐by‐layer stacking of 2D molecular brushes. On the other hand, the 3D interconnected interlayer channels and the soft single lithium‐ion conducting PSSLi side‐chains on the surface of channels provide rapid lithium‐ion transportation pathways and homogenize lithium‐ion flux. As a result, LMBs with GO‐g‐PSSLi membrane possess long‐term reversible lithium plating/striping (6 months) at high current density.
Stable and Bright Electroluminescent Devices utilizing Emissive 0D Perovskite Nanocrystals Incorporated in a 3D CsPbBr3 Matrix
Authors: Mishra Aditya , Bose Riya , Zheng Yangzi , Xu Weijie , McMullen Reema , Mehta Abhas B. , Kim Moon J. , Hsu Julia W. P. , Malko Anton V. , Slinker Jason D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe 0D cesium lead halide perovskite Cs4PbBr6 has drawn remarkable interest due to its highly efficient robust green emission compared to its 3D CsPbBr3 counterpart. However, seizing the advantages of the superior photoluminescence properties for practical light‐emitting devices remains elusive. To date, Cs4PbBr6 has been employed only as a higher‐bandgap nonluminescent matrix to passivate or provide quantum/dielectric confinement to CsPbBr3 in light‐emitting devices and to enhance its photo‐/thermal/environmental stability. To resolve this disparity, a novel solvent engineering method to incorporate highly luminescent 0D Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals (perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs)) into a 3D CsPbBr3 film, forming the active emissive layer in single‐layer perovskite light‐emitting electrochemical cells (PeLECs) is designed. A dramatic increase of the maximum external quantum efficiency and luminance from 2.7% and 6050 cd m−2 for a 3D‐only PeLEC to 8.3% and 11 200 cd m−2 for a 3D–0D PNC device with only 7% by weight of 0D PNCs is observed. The majority of this increase is driven by the efficient inherent emission of the 0D PNCs, while the concomitant morphology improvement also contributes to reduced leakage current, reduced hysteresis, and enhanced operational lifetime (half‐life of 129 h), making this one of the best‐performing LECs reported to date.
Synthesis of Saturated N‐Heterocycles via a Catalytic Hydrogenation Cascade
Authors: Wagener Tobias , Pierau Marco , Heusler Arne , Glorius Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSaturated N‐heterocycles are prominent motifs found in various natural products and pharmaceuticals. Despite the increasing interest in this class of compounds, the synthesis of saturated bicyclic azacycles requires tedious multi‐step syntheses. Herein, we present a one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of octahydroindoles, decahydroquinolines, and octahydroindolizines through a cascade reaction.magnified image
Triboelectric Plasma CO2 Reduction Reaching a Mechanical Energy Conversion Efficiency of 2.3%
Authors: Li Sumin , Zhang Bao , Gu Guangqin , Fang Dongyang , Xiang Xiaochen , Zhang Wenhe , Zhu Yifei , Wang Jiao , Cuo Junmeng , Cui Peng , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMechanical energy‐induced CO2 reduction is a promising strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and simultaneously harvesting mechanical energy. Unfortunately, the low energy conversion efficiency is still an open challenge. Here, multiple‐pulse, flow‐type triboelectric plasma with dual functions of harvesting mechanical energy and driving chemical reactions is introduced to efficiently reduce CO2. CO selectivity of 92.4% is achieved under normal temperature and pressure, and the CO and O2 evolution rates reach 12.4 and 6.7 µmol h−1, respectively. The maximum energy conversion efficiencies of 2.3% from mechanical to chemical energy and 31.9% from electrical to chemical energy are reached. The low average electron energy in triboelectric plasma and vibrational excitation dissociation of CO2 with low barrier is revealed by optical emission spectra and plasma simulations, which enable the high energy conversion efficiency. The approach of triboelectric plasma reduction reported here provides a promising strategy for efficient utilization of renewable and dispersed mechanical energy.
Polypyrrole Nanoenzymes as Tumor Microenvironment Modulators to Reprogram Macrophage and Potentiate Immunotherapy
Authors: Zeng Weiwei , Yu Mian , Chen Ting , Liu Yuanqi , Yi Yunfei , Huang Chenyi , Tang Jia , Li Hanyue , Ou Meitong , Wang Tianqi , Wu Meiying , Mei Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanozyme‐based tumor catalytic therapy has attracted widespread attention in recent years, but its therapeutic outcome is drastically diminished by species of nanozyme, concentration of substrate, pH value, and reaction temperature, etc. Herein, a novel Cu‐doped polypyrrole nanozyme (CuP) with trienzyme‐like activities, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxidase (POD), is first proposed by a straightforward one‐step procedure, which can specifically promote O2 and ·OH elevation but glutathione (GSH) reduction in tumor microenvironment (TME), causing irreversible oxidative stress damage to tumor cells and reversing the redox balance. The PEGylated CuP nanozyme (CuPP) has been demonstrated to efficiently reverse immunosuppressive TME by overcoming tumor hypoxia and re‐educating macrophage from pro‐tumoral M2 to anti‐tumoral M1 phenotype. More importantly, CuPP exhibits hyperthermia‐enhanced enzyme‐mimic catalytic and immunoregulatory activities, which results in intense immune responses and almost complete tumor inhibition by further combining with αPD‐L1. This work opens intriguing perspectives not only in enzyme‐catalytic nanomedicine but also in macrophage‐based tumor immunotherapy.
2D Non‐Van Der Waals Transition‐Metal Chalcogenide Layers Derived from Vanadium‐Based MAX Phase for Ultrafast Zinc Storage
Authors: Du Zhiguo , Gu Jianan , Cao Zhenjiang , Wang Haiyang , Zhao Qi , Ye Yuxuan , Li Bin , Chen Weihua , Liu Chuntai , Yang Shubin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough 2D non‐van der Waals (vdW) layers show many intriguing physical and chemical properties as well as wide applications in the fields of electronics, catalysis, and energy storage, they still lack efficient synthetic approaches owing to their three‐dimensionally bonded structures. Here, a facile approach to produce 2D non‐vdW transition‐metal chalcogenide (TMC) layers based on the conversion of vanadium‐based MAX phase (V2GeC) at high temperatures in hydrogen sulfide gas is developed. Associated with the etching of the germanium layers from the MAX phase, the vanadium layers are transformed into 2D non‐vdW V3S4 layers. This originates from the self‐intercalation of ordered V atoms within the vdW space of intermediated vdW vanadium disulfide layers during the conversion reaction. Owing to the ultrathin character, highly exposed active surface, and unique vacancy‐enriched structure, the resultant 2D non‐vdW V3S4 layers deliver a high reversible capacity of 341 mAh g−1, good rate capabilities, and long‐term cycling performance for zinc storage.
Fluoride Catalysts and Organic Additives for Conversion of CO2 to Formic Acid and Methanol using Powdered Silicon as Reducing Agent
Authors: Motokura Ken , Nakao Kaiki , Manaka Yuichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effect of fluoride catalysts and organoboronic acid additives on the reduction of CO2 using waste silicon wafer powder as a reducing agent was investigated. Compared to other fluorides containing monovalent cations, tetraalkylammonium fluorides show higher catalytic activity for the conversion of CO2 to formic acid. Arylboronic acid containing electron‐withdrawing groups such as p‐fluorophenylboronic acid facilitated methanol formation during CO2 reduction. Electrophilic activation of formic acid by arylboronic acid may promote the reduction of formic acid to methanol.
Ring‐fused Dipyrrolyldiketone Difluoroboron Complexes for Pioneering Exploration of Photothermal Effect
Authors: He Wanru , Zhang Dongxiang , Wang Jie , Xu Zhangrun , Du Jianjun , Jiang Xin‐Dong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDipyrrolyldiketone difluoroboron complexes (BONEPYs) reported by Maeda were mainly applied for the selective recognition of anions. Herein, innovative introduction of the ring‐fused segment in BONEPY system resulted in a twisted structure by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and enhanced the spectral bathochromic shift performance. BONEPY‐nanoparticles adjusted the energy release process of the excited state, endowed high photothermal effect, and could be degraded and discharged out of the body potentially. BONEPY‐nanoparticles are the novel phototherapeutic reagent with improved safety and low side effect.
Easy Access to Indole‐based Bi‐Sulfurylate‐Heterocyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Mari Giacomo , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Mancinelli Michele , Santeusanio Stefania , Mantellini Fabio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNew and valuable indole based sulfurylated bi‐heterocyclic systems such as 4‐((1H‐indol‐2‐yl)thio)‐5‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles and 3,3‐dimethyl‐3′H‐spiro‐indoline‐2,2′‐thiazoles are regioselectively obtained under very mild conditions employing 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes and not smelly indoline 2‐thiones as starting materials.