bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making implementation science more real
Authors: Sarkies Mitchell N. , Francis-Auton Emilie , Long Janet C. , Pomare Chiara , Hardwick Rebecca , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImplementation science in healthcare aims to understand how to get evidence into practice. Once this is achieved in one setting, it becomes increasingly difficult to replicate elsewhere. The problem is often attributed to differences in context that influence how and whether implementation strategies work. We argue that realist research paradigms provide a useful framework to express the effect of contextual factors within implementation strategy causal processes. Realist studies are theory-driven evaluations that focus on understanding how and why interventions work under different circumstances. They consider the interaction between contextual circumstances, theoretical mechanisms of change and the outcomes they produce, to arrive at explanations of conditional causality (i.e., what tends to work, for whom, under what circumstances). This Commentary provides example applications using preliminary findings from a large realist implementation study of system-wide value-based healthcare initiatives in New South Wales, Australia. If applied judiciously, realist implementation studies may represent a sound approach to help optimise delivery of the right care in the right setting and at the right time.
Abdominal obesity phenotypes are associated with the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: insights from the general population
Authors: Kuang Maobin , Lu Song , Xie Qiyang , Peng Nan , He Shiming , Yu Changhui , Qiu Jiajun , Sheng Guotai , Zou Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The diversity of obesity-related metabolic characteristics generates different obesity phenotypes and corresponding metabolic diseases. This study aims to explore the correlation of different abdominal obesity phenotypes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
The current study included 14,251 subjects, 7411 males and 6840 females. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 85 cm in males and ≥ 80 cm in females; according to the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, having more than one metabolic abnormality (except waist circumference criteria) was defined as metabolically unhealthy. All subjects were divided into 4 abdominal obesity phenotypes based on the presence ( +) or absence (− ) of metabolically healthy/unhealthy (MH) and abdominal obesity (AO) at baseline: metabolically healthy + non-abdominal obesity (MH−AO−); metabolically healthy + abdominal obesity (MH−AO+); metabolically unhealthy + non-abdominal obesity (MH+AO−); metabolically unhealthy + abdominal obesity (MH+AO+). The relationship between each phenotype and NAFLD was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results
A total of 2507 (17.59%) subjects in this study were diagnosed with NAFLD. The prevalence rates of NAFLD in female subjects with MH−AO−, MH−AO+, MH+AO−, and MH+AO+ phenotypes were 1.73%, 24.42%, 7.60%, and 59.35%, respectively. Among male subjects with MH−AO−, MH−AO+, MH+AO−, and MH+AO+ phenotypes, the prevalence rates were 9.93%, 50.54%, 25.49%, and 73.22%, respectively. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, with the MH−AO− phenotype as the reference phenotype, male MH−AO+ and MH+AO+ phenotypes increased the risk of NAFLD by 42% and 47%, respectively (MH−AO+: OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.13,1.78; MH+AO+: OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.08,2.01); the corresponding risks of MH−AO+ and MH+AO+ in females increased by 113% and 134%, respectively (MH−AO+: OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.47,3.09; MH+AO+: OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.32,4.17); by contrast, there was no significant increase in the risk of NAFLD in the MH+AO− phenotype in both sexes.

Conclusions
This first report on the relationship of abdominal obesity phenotypes with NAFLD showed that both MH−AO+ and MH+AO+ phenotypes were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD, especially in the female population. These data provided a new reference for the screening and prevention of NAFLD.
Delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping for near-term infants born to preeclamptic mothers; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rashwan Ahmed , Eldaly Ashraf , El-Harty Ahmed , Elsherbini Moutaz , Abdel-Rasheed Mazen , Eid Marwa M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to assess delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping in preeclamptic mothers undergoing scheduled caesarean delivery regarding the maternal intra-operative blood loss and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
A clinical trial was conducted on 62 near-term preeclamptic mothers (36-38+6 weeks) who were planned for caesarean delivery. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group was the early cord clamping (ECC) group (n= 31), in which clamping the umbilical cord was within 15 seconds, while the second group was the delayed cord clamping (DCC) group (n= 31), in which clamping the umbilical cord was at 60 seconds. All patients were assessed for intra-operative blood loss and incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Otherwise, all neonates were assessed for APGAR scores, the need for the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission due to jaundice, and blood tests (haemoglobin, haematocrit. and serum bilirubin).

Results
There was not any significant difference between the two groups regarding the maternal estimated blood loss (P=0.673), the rates of PPH (P=0.1), post-delivery haemoglobin (P=0.154), and haematocrit values (P=0.092). Neonatal outcomes also were showing no significant difference regarding APGAR scores at the first minute (P=1) and after 5 minutes (P=0.114), day 1 serum bilirubin (P=0.561), day 3 serum bilirubin (P=0.676), and the rate of NICU admission (P=0.671). However, haemoglobin and haematocrit values were significantly higher in the DCC group than in the ECC group (P<0.001).

Conclusion
There is no significant difference between DCC and ECC regarding maternal blood loss. However, DCC has the advantage of significantly higher neonatal haemoglobin.

Trial registration
It was first registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 10/12/2019 with registration number NCT04193345.
Seclusion as a coercive measure in suicidality – daily routine or exception?
Authors: Gavrilovic Haustein Natalija , Freudiger Maurice , Hunziker Anna , Hepp Urs , Jellestad Lena , von Känel Roland , Stulz Niklaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Coercive measures continue to be an important topic in psychiatry. However, there is no proof of the effectiveness of the use of coercive measures, especially with suicidal people. For many years, attempts have been made to replace such measures with alternative noncoercive intervention options. This paper aims to clarify the situation of coercive measures, more precisely seclusions, in a general psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. It focuses on compulsory measures in patients with suicidal tendencies.

Method
In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, we used routinely collected medical data and performed qualitative analyses of medical histories to examine whether alternative measures to seclusion had been offered and/or provided to patients who had been secluded solely because of suicidality. Patients were aged 18–65 years and had received inpatient treatment at one of five adult acute care units at a general psychiatric hospital in Switzerland between September 2016 and December 2019.

Results
There were 5,935 inpatient treatment cases during the study period. Suicidality was rated as “acute” or “very high” at least once during the hospitalization in 219 (3.7%) cases. Of these, 60 were excluded from further analyses as they involved seclusion, but suicidality was not the exclusive indication for this measure. Coercive seclusion was imposed exclusively due to suicidality in 53 (33.3%) of the remaining 159 cases, whereas 106 (66.7%) cases were not secluded. The rates of seclusion among suicidal patients varied considerably between the hospital wards (13.0% to 55.3%). Suicidal patients with non-Swiss residence status and/or lacking language skills were particularly prone to be secluded. Additionally, alternative interventions were offered and provided significantly more frequently in the nonsecluded patients.

Conclusions
To avoid seclusion due to suicidal tendencies, it is necessary to have a general attitude of avoiding coercive measures at all costs. It is also important for qualified staff to be able to deal with challenging sociodemographic characteristics of patients such as foreign-language, which may require translators and intercultural interpreters.
Mental health-related communication in a virtual community: text mining analysis of a digital exchange platform during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Golz C. , Richter D. , Sprecher N. , Gurtner C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Virtual communities played an important role in mental health and well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic by providing access to others and thereby preventing loneliness. The pandemic has accelerated the urge for digital solutions for people with pre-existing mental health problems. So far, it remains unclear how the people concerned communicate with each other and benefit from peer-to-peer support on a moderated digital platform.

Objective
The aim of the project was to identify and describe the communication patterns and verbal expression of users on the inCLOUsiv platform during the first lockdown in 2020.

Methods
Discussions in forums and live chats on inCLOUsiv were analysed using text mining, which included frequency, correlation, n-gram and sentiment analyses.

Results
The communication behaviour of users on inCLOUsiv was benevolent and supportive; and 72% of the identified sentiments were positive. Users addressed the topics of ‘corona’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘crisis’ and shared coping strategies.

Conclusions
The benevolent interaction between users on inCLOUsiv is in line with other virtual communities for Covid-19 and the potential for peer-to-peer support. Users can benefit from each other’s experiences and support each other. Virtual communities can be used as an adjuvant to existing therapy, particularly in times of reduced access to local health services.
Innovative perception analysis of HIV prevention messaging for black women in college: a proof of concept study
Authors: Chandler Rasheeta , Ross Henry , Guillaume Dominique 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Black women in college are disproportionately affected by HIV, but have not been a population of focus for HIV prevention campaigns. This study used content from a preexisting HIV media campaign to assess its relevancy and acceptability among Black women in college.

Methods
Media viewing and listening sessions were convened with Black women enrolled at an HBCU (n = 10) using perception analyzer technology—hardware and software tools that are calibrated to gather and interpret continuous, in-the-moment feedback. Matched pre-and-post-test responses from focus groups were obtained from the perception analyzer data. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to characterize the data.

Results
Students were more likely to personally identify with media content that included profound statements, along with memorable people and actors [95% CI: 1.38, 2.27]. In over half of the vignettes, participants reported that content representing students’ society, culture, or interests was missing.

Conclusions
HIV prevention media campaigns may offer potential in increasing HIV awareness and risk perceptions; further research is needed to evaluate optimal content tailoring for both cultural and climate relevancy.
Early prediction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care patients: a machine learning model
Authors: Liang Yingjian , Zhu Chengrui , Tian Cong , Lin Qizhong , Li Zhiliang , Li Zhifei , Ni Dongshu , Ma Xiaochun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
This study was performed to develop and validate machine learning models for early detection of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 24 h before diagnosis, so that VAP patients can receive early intervention and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Patients and methods
This study was based on the MIMIC-III dataset, which was a retrospective cohort. The random forest algorithm was applied to construct a base classifier, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were evaluated. Furthermore, We also compare the performance of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS)-based model (threshold value ≥ 3) using the same training and test data sets.

Results
In total, 38,515 ventilation sessions occurred in 61,532 ICU admissions. VAP occurred in 212 of these sessions. We incorporated 42 VAP risk factors at admission and routinely measured the vital characteristics and laboratory results. Five-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the model performance, and the model achieved an AUC of 84% in the validation, 74% sensitivity and 71% specificity 24 h after intubation. The AUC of our VAP machine learning model is nearly 25% higher than the CPIS model, and the sensitivity and specificity were also improved by almost 14% and 15%, respectively.

Conclusions
We developed and internally validated an automated model for VAP prediction using the MIMIC-III cohort. The VAP prediction model achieved high performance based on its AUC, sensitivity and specificity, and its performance was superior to that of the CPIS model. External validation and prospective interventional or outcome studies using this prediction model are envisioned as future work.
Development a new chewing problem directory and its validation for Korean elders
Authors: Vu Huong , Lee Jong-Koo , Kim Hyun-Duck 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to develop a new chewing problem directory (CPD) and validate it with oral health indicators such as total occlusion force, number of natural and rehabilitated teeth (NRT), NRT posterior, natural teeth, natural teeth posterior, and dental status among Korean elders.

Background
Chewing problem is the main oral health problem in elders. However, there has been no validated tool using both subjective and objective assessment of chewing problem.

Subjects and methods
A total of 537 participants aged 65 years or more were randomly assigned into 2 subsamples: developing sample (n = 260) for developing and internally validating the new CPD as the 1st stage and confirmation sample (n = 277) for confirming validation of CPD as the 2nd stage. CPD was developed using three subjective questionnaires (general eating, chewing nuts, and chewing meat problem) and objective NRT. Periodontitis, age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, metabolic syndrome, and frailty were considered as confounders. Following the development of CPD, CPD was validated using multiple multivariable logistic regression after controlling for confounders in confirmation sample and total sample.

Results
The Cronbach’s alpha value for three subjective questionnaires of CPD was 0.87. Among oral health indicators, NRT (0–28) showed the highest impact association with subjective chewing problem score (partial r = − 0.276). The chewing problem from the new CPD was associated with all items of oral health indicators. The prevalence of chewing problems by CPD was 57.7% in developing sample. Elders with NRT ≤ 24, compared with those with NRT ≥ 25, showed the highest impact on chewing problems by new CPD (Odds Ratio = 7.3 in the confirmation sample and 5.04 in the total sample, p < 0.05) among oral health indicators.

Conclusion
This new CPD was developed as a valid tool to evaluate the chewing problem for Korean elders in dental clinics and community-based settings.
Partner support and women's contraceptive use: insight from urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Agyekum Martin Wiredu , Henry Elizabeth G. , Kushitor Mawuli Komla , Obeng-Dwamena Akua Danquah , Agula Caesar , Opoku Asuming Patrick , Toprah Theophilus , Agyei-Asabere Charles , Shah Iqbal , Bawah Ayaga A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the benefits associated with contraceptive use, there is a low prevalence of contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa and Ghana. Previous studies have partly and consistently attributed the low prevalence of contraceptive use to partner opposition. However, little is known about the influence of men in contraceptive related choices of their partners, particularly within the context of urban poverty. This study examines the influences of partners on women’s contraceptive choices.

Methods
The study utilized a cross-sectional household survey data of 1578 currently married women and women in a union of reproductive ages 16–44 years. Women who were pregnant and those trying to be pregnant were excluded from the analysis. The dependent variables for the study were current use of any contraceptive method, types of contraceptive methods and types of modern contraceptive methods. The independent variable for the study was a woman’s report of partner support in contraceptive related choices. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between partner support in contraceptive related choices and contraceptive use of women.

Results
The results of the study show that partner support of contraceptive related choices has a significant influence on contraceptive use of women. Women who indicated support from their partners were more likely to be current users of any contraceptive method, yet were less likely to use modern contraceptive methods.

Conclusion
The study highlights the need to involve men in family planning programs and research, as well as educating them on the various contraceptive modern methods and the side effects.
Fermented Mentha arvensis administration provides neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Islam Md Sadikul , Shin Ha-Young , Yoo Yeo-Jin , Lee Eui-Yong , Kim Ryunhee , Jang Young-Jin , Akanda Md Rashedunnabi , Tae Hyun-Jin , Kim In-Shik , Ahn Dongchoon , Park Byung-Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, ischemic stroke is a major health threat to humans that causes lifelong disability and death. Mentha arvensis (MA) has been used in traditional medicine to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders. In the present study, the neuroprotective properties of fermented MA (FMA) extract were investigated in the gerbil and SH-SY5Y cells. model of transient global cerebral ischemia.

Methods
Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbil and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated neurotoxic effects in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were investigated. FMA (400 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 days before induction of ischemic stroke. To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of FMA, we implemented various assays such as cell viability assay (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histofluorescence, and western blot.

Results
FMA pretreatment effectively decreased transient ischemia (TI) induced neuronal cell death as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal region. The protective effects of FMA extract against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells were observed by MTT and LDH assay. However, FMA pretreatment significantly increased the expression of the antioxidant marker proteins such as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) in the hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) further activated a cascade of outcomes such as neuroinflammation and apoptosis. FMA pretreatment notably decreased TI and H2O2 induced activation of MAPK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38) proteins in hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells respectively. Besides, pretreatment with FMA markedly reduced H2O2 mediated Bax/Bcl2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells.

Conclusion
Thus, these results demonstrated that neuroprotective activities of FMA might contribute to regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.
Quality of life among health care workers with and without prior COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mahfil Ara , Sagar Soumik Kha , Dalal Koustuv , Barsha Sabrina Yesmin , Ara Tasnim , Khan Md Abdullah Saeed , Saha Shuvajit , Sarmin Tanjina , Hossian Mosharop , Nabi Mohammad Hayatun , Rahman Mohammad Lutfor , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Health care workers have been facing difficulties in coping with the COVID-19 infection from the beginning. The study aimed to compare Quality of Life (QOL) among health care workers (HCWs) with and without prior COVID-19 disease.

Methods
This study was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021 among 444 HCWs. We randomly interviewed 3244 participants for our earlier nationwide survey from a list of COVID-19 positive cases after their recovery, and we found 222 HCWs among the respondents. We randomly chose 222 HCWs unaffected by COVID as a comparison group from our selected hospitals. We measured QOL using World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF tool. Physical, psychological, environmental, and social ties were the four areas assessed on a 5-point Likert scale where a higher score suggests better QOL. Due to pandemic restrictions, we used telephonic interviews for data collection.

Results
A higher QOL score was observed in HCWs with prior COVID-19 infection in all four domains than HCWs without previous COVID-19 conditions. Comorbidity was negatively associated with QOL scores of the physical (p = 0.001) and (p < 0.001) and psychological (p = 0.05, and (p < 0.05) domains for non-COVID and COVID-affected groups, respectively. Current smoking was significantly associated with lower psychological (p = 0.019) and environmental (p = 0.007) QOL scores among HCWs with prior COVID-19 infection. Hospitalization history due to COVID infection was a contributing factor for lower physical QOL scores (p = 0.048). Environmental (p = 0.016) QOL scores were significantly associated with the monthly income in the prior COVID-19 infection group, and physical scores were significantly associated (p = 0.05) with a monthly income in the non-COVID group.

Conclusion
Governmental and non-governmental stakeholders should focus on potentially modifiable factors to improve health care workers’ quality of life.