bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Space-Time Coupled Lagrangian/semi-Lagrangian Meshfree Hydromechanical Formulation for Landslide Modeling
Authors: Baek Jonghyuk , Schlinkman Ryan T. , Chen Jiun-Shyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The numerical modelling of natural disasters such as landslides presents several challenges for conventional mesh-based methods such as the finite element method (FEM) due to the presence of numerically challenging phenomena such as severe material deformation and fragmentation. In contrast, meshfree methods such as the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) possess unique features conducive to modelling extreme events such as the absence of a structured mesh and the ease of adaptive refinement, among others. While semi-Lagrangian RKPM (SL RK) where the kernel functions are defined in the current configuration has proven to be effective in extreme event modelling, the computational cost for the re-evaluation of the shape functions every time step is a drawback. A selective employment of SL RK approximation can be a remedy, but the region where the SL RK approximation is needed cannot be pre-determined in most cases. In this work, a space-time evolving coupling of the Lagrangian and SL RK approximations is proposed for the solution of a hydro-mechanical formulation for efficient and accurate simulations of landslides where regions of severe deformation cannot be predetermined. This formulation utilizes a Lagrangian formulation for regions of the model where deformation is not severe while those regions with severe deformation are described by a semiLagrangian formulation where the shape functions are updated at each time step. The coupling is achieved using equivalent plastic strain as a space-time transition from Lagrangian shape functions to semi-Lagrangian ones as deformation progresses. The particular focus of the paper will be on modelling seepage-induced landslide with a mixed 𝑢-𝑝 formulation to effectively couple the solid and fluid phases. Examples which demonstrate the effectiveness of this coupled L-SL RKPM, include a wave propagation in poroelastic media, a poroplastic soil cylinder impact problem, and a seepage-induced levee failure leading to landslide.
Patient-reported outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in systemic lupus erythematosus: Impact of disease activity
Authors: Touma Zahi , Costenbader Karen H. , Hoskin Ben , Atkinson Christian , Bell David , Massey Olivia , Berry Pamela , Karyekar Chetan S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Limited real-world data exists on clinical outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). We aimed to examine the association between SLEDAI-2K score and clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes in patients with SLE.MethodsRheumatologists from the United States of America and Europe provided real-world demographic, clinical, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) data for SLE patients. Patients provided self-reported outcome data, capturing their general health status using the EuroQol 5-dimension 3-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), health-related quality of life using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) and work productivity using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Low disease activity was defined as SLEDAI‑2K score ≤4 and ≤7.5mg/day glucocorticoids; patients not meeting these criteria were considered to have “higher” active disease. Data were compared between patients with low and higher disease activity. Logistic regression estimated a propensity score for SLE based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Propensity score matched analyses compared HCRU, patient-reported outcomes, income loss and treatment satisfaction in patients with low disease activity versus higher active disease.ResultsData from 296 physicians reporting on 730 patients (46 low disease activity, 684 higher active disease), and from 377 patients’ self-reported questionnaires (24 low disease activity, 353 higher active disease) were analyzed. (Flaring in the previous 12 months was 2.6‑fold more common among patients with higher versus low active disease.) EQ 5D‑3L utility index was 0.79 and 0.88 and FACIT-Fatigue scores were 34.78 and 39.79 in low versus higher active disease patients, respectively, indicating better health and less fatigue, among patients with low versus higher active disease. Absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and total activity impairment were 47-, 2-, 2-.6- and 1–5-fold greater in patients with higher versus low disease activity. In the previous 12 months there were 28% more healthcare consultations and 3.4‑fold more patients hospitalized in patients with higher versus low disease activity.ConclusionCompared to SLE patients with higher active disease, patients with low disease activity experienced better health status, lower HCRU. less fatigue, and lower work productivity impairment, with work absenteeism being substantially lower in these patients.
Solar Energetic Particle “Ground-Level Enhancements” and the Solar Cycle
Authors: Owens Mathew J. , Barnard Luke A. , Pope Benjamin J. S. , Asvestari Elenna , Lockwood Mike , Usoskin Ilya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Severe geomagnetic storms appear to be ordered by the solar cycle in a number of ways: They occur more frequently close to solar maximum and declining phase, are more common in larger solar cycles and show different patterns of occurrence in odd-and even-numbered solar cycles. Our knowledge of the most extreme space weather events, however, comes from the spikes in cosmogenic-isotope (14C, 10Be and 36Cl) records that are attributed to significantly larger solar energetic particle (SEP) events than have been observed during the space age. Despite both storms and SEPs being driven by solar eruptive phenomena, the event-by-event correspondence between extreme storms and extreme SEPs is low. Thus it should not be assumed a priori that the solar cycle patterns found for storms also hold for SEPs and the cosmogenic-isotope events. In this study we investigate the solar cycle trends in the timing and magnitude of the 67 SEP “ground-level enhancements” (GLEs) recorded by neutron monitors since the mid 1950s. Using a number of models of GLE occurrence probability, we show that GLEs are around a factor four more likely around solar maximum than around solar minimum, and that they preferentially occur earlier in even-numbered solar cycles than in odd-numbered cycles. There are insufficient data to conclusively determine whether larger solar cycles produce more GLEs. Implications for putative space-weather events in the cosmogenic-isotope records are discussed. We find that GLEs tend to cluster within a few tens of days, likely due
Establishment and Evaluation of an Early Prediction Model of Hepatorenal Syndrome in Patients with Decompensated Hepatitis B Cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Shouhao , Zhou Zhewen , Xu Chengan , Chen Hanzhu , Ren Wenya , Yang Xingdi , Yin Qiaoqiao , Zheng Wei , Pan Hongying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and aimIn China, hepatorenal syndrome is a serious complication in the decompensated stage of hepatitis B cirrhosis, which requires early clinical intervention, so the early diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome is crucial. This study establishes a new predictive model based on serum biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome.MethodsPatients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to the training dataset and validation dataset at a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen the risk factors for hepatorenal syndrome. On this basis, a model was established and verified.ResultsThis study included 255 patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, including 184 in the training group and 71 in the validation group. The multivariate logistic regression model was established in the training group and verified in the validation group. Logistic regression showed that hemoglobin (OR 0.938, 95% CI 0.908-0.969), total bilirubin (OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.006-1.019) and creatinine (OR 1.079, 95% CI 1.043-1.117) were independent risk factors for hepatorenal syndrome (P < 0.05). These were used to establish the model. In the training group and the validation group, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis was 0.968 and 0.980.ConclusionThe three serum biomarkers hemoglobin, total bilirubin and creatinine can be used as independent early predictors of hepatorenal syndrome in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.
Successful treatment of granulomatosis with polyangiitis using tocilizumab combined with glucocorticoids: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tang Pengfang , Xu Longchuang , Hong Wenting , Shi Hongying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor that is commonly used to treat large vessel vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related small vessel vasculitis (AAV). However, tocilizumab in combination with hormones for successfully treating granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) has rarely been reported.Case presentation: Here, we report a 40-year-old male patient who suffered GPA for 4 years. He was treated with multiple rounds of drugs, including cyclophosphamide (CTX), Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and belimumab, with no improvement. In addition, he exhibited persistently high IL-6 levels. After tocilizumab treatment, his symptoms improved, and his inflammatory marker levels returned to normal.Conclusions: Tocilizumab may be effective for treating GPA.
Exploration and evaluation of design quality through floor plan layout (FPLs) of an existing design space using the ARLE GPS tool. Case study
Authors: Martins Daniel das Neves 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The ARLE GPS computational tool sets up a simple mathematical representation of a high-fidelity simulator and explorer, through its physics-biology model. Which establishes an input-output relationship of the input geometric data of the spatial planning of the floor plan layout (FPL) of a house, with the output data of the physical model that quantifies and qualifies the candidate solution, in an analogy with the functional physical performance of the house, making it possible to simulate, evaluate and optimize the geometric solution of the FPL. And it provides the data for the biological model to genetically describe the artifact of the house, to make available the relevant information of the components of the FPL structure. Specified by the genes form, function, topology, and space. This meta-model thus enables the construction, exploration, and evaluation of design spaces. It aims to make available to architects: to know, compare, and transcribe genetic information from these artifacts, for the development of innovative artifacts through creative designs. The exploration of an existing design space, through its evaluation, allows the transcription of the mined data, extracted from high performance projects, to compose new and better designs. It also enables the establishment of solution approximation functions, defined by means of predictive response surfaces, which allow insights into the FPL design solution domain, and predict the performance of candidate designs.
Are We Going to Survive Transplant During the Covid-19 Outbreak: Case Report
Authors: ALTAS OZGE , AKSUT MEHMET , KIRALI KAAN 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
IntroductionOn March 10, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Turkey; in the meantime, over 95 million confirmed cases with more than 2 million deaths have been reported worldwide. Case PresentationAfter the identification of first COVID-19 (+) patient, our center conducted the management of selection and treatment of candidates and continued to perform cardiac transplantations. We herein present two cases after determination of patient zero in Turkey in order to highlight clinical implications by describing our clinic principle in the ethical knowledge of ISHLT COVID-19 Task force statement regarding heart transplantation (HTx).ConclusionsCOVID-19 creates a challenge on donor selection and post-transplant management and immunosuppressive therapy. And, a question arises about continuing HTx due to risk of immunosuppressive therapy, as well as exposure during hospitalization.
Quantification and health risk assessment of nitrate in southern districts of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Kalteh Safa , Hamidi Farshad , Nasab Mahdi Ahmadi , Gharibdoosti Narges Mohseni , Ghalhari Mohammad Rezvani , Parvizishad Mina , Mahvi Amir Hossein 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNitrate is a common contaminant of drinking water. Due to its adverse health effects, this study aimed to determine nitrate levels in six southern districts of Tehran. A total of 148 samples were taken from tap waters. In 84.46% (n = 125) of the samples, the nitrate concentration was below national and WHO limits (50 mg/L); however, 15.54% (n = 23) were in violation of the criteria. The total mean concentration of nitrate was 36.15 mg/L (±14.74) ranging from 4.52 to 80.83 mg/L. The overall hazard quotient (HQ) for age groups were ordered as Children (1.71) &gt; Infants (1.24) &gt; Teenagers (1.2) &gt; Adults (0.96). In all districts, the HQ values for infants and children groups were greater than 1, indicating potential adverse health risks. In teenagers age group, only the HQ estimations of districts 10 (HQ = 0.93) and 11 (HQ = 0.74) were lower than 1 and in adults age group, the estimated HQ values for districts were lower than 1 with the exception for district 19 (HQ = 1.19). The sensitivity analysis (SA) showed that nitrate content plays a major role in the value of the assessed risk.
COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNİN SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ MÜZİK BEĞENİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: ŞEN Mehmet Emin , KAYABAŞ Hilal 
Published: May 2022

İçinde bulunduğumuz Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin dünya çapında başta sağlık olmak üzere siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal alanlarda yıkıcı etkileri olduğu şüphe götürmez bir gerçekliktir. Bu salgına karşı en ön cephede savaş verenlerin başında kuşkusuz sağlık çalışanları gelmektedir.
Toplumun her kesiminin derinden etkilendiği ve iki yılı aşkın süredir salgınla mücadeledeki bu süreçte, ön saflarda görev yapan sağlık çalışanları toplumsal yapıda en çok etkilenen grup olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Salgın sürecinin sağlık çalışanlarının müzik beğenilerine etkilerinin araştırıldığı İnönü Üniversitesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi doktor ve hemşireleri ile yapılan bu çalışma, durum tespiti yapmaya yönelik olup betimsel bir özellik sergilemektedir. Araştırmada, kişisel görüşmeler ve bunun yanı sıra ulaşılabilen 56 örnekleme yarı yapılandırılmış anket uygulanarak konuya yönelik daha kapsamlı bir görüş elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarından birkaçı sıralanacak olursa: Sağlık çalışanlarının büyük bir bölümünün bu süreçte duygusal olarak etkilendiği, işitsel dünyasının ve müzik beğenilerinin değiştiği elde edilen bulgular arasındadır.
Diuretic Activities of Root Bark Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Parquetina nigrescens: I-Effects on Urinary Excretion in Wistar Rat
Authors: Konan Brou André , Kpahé Ziéhi Fidèle , Koko Koffi Bruno , Adepo Yapo Prosper 
Published: May 2022

Background and objective: The root bark of Parquetina nigrescens is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of hypertension and edema for its diuretic properties. This study was conducted to examine the effects of this medicinal plant on the excreted urinary volume and contribute to scientific knowledge on its diuretic action. Methods: Water-overloaded rats were treated separately with increasing doses (5-70 mg/kg) of Parquetina nigrescens root bark aqueous and ethanolic 70 % extracts of and furosemide (FURO) at 5 mg/kg. Excreted urine was collected and measured. Results: Plant extracts caused increased urine excretion in rats. PNea 15 mg/kg and PNee 25 mg/kg were the most active doses. They caused an increase of volume of urine comparable to that induced by FURO 5 mg/kg. A very significant elimination of water overload at p < 0.001 was observed. And the recorded values were 42.73 ± 0.26% (PNea 15 mg/kg), 45.39 ± 0.190% (PNee 25 mg/kg) and 73.6 ± 0.24% (FURO 5 mg/kg) against 29.73 ± 0.24% (Saline solution NaCl 0.9%). Conclusion and perspectives: Increase of urine volume excreted induced by the extracts partly confirms the diuretic virtue of Parquetina nigrescens justifying its empirical use to treat hypertension and edema. However, these results, on their own, do not make it possible to elucidate the mechanism underlying diuretic activity of this plant. Additional studies should be carried out for this purpose.
Keywords: Diuretic activity, urinary excretion volume, Parquetina nigrescens, Furosemide
A Review Article on Dissolution Studies in Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Vyshnavi Kanupuru , Sinduja Y , Adeyemi Peter Gloria , Ebuka Agunwa Daniel , Srija Markanti , Sushma Gaddam 
Published: May 2022

In present days there is immense advancement in drug delivery despite novel drug delivery has become civilized as pharmaceutical scientists has worked hard over it. However the vocal pathway remnant the excellent pathway is for administration whereas the new drugs achieve the great patient compliance. The dissolution studies in NDDS have limit literature also and to still found locate inside the pharmacopeia. The dissolution studies is highly and commonly recommended for the solid dosage forms now a days it’s indeed enlarged to the other pharmaceutical formulations like suspensions, patches etc .The dissolution tactic is indeed an perfect tool such as maintaining batch-batch evaluation tests and also to analyze the drug release in vivo conditions. In sustained release the products that are obtained has several advantages in optimizing bio pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics as compared to the conventional drug delivery systems.
Keywords: Dissolution, sustained release, pharmacokinetics
Oral Fast Disintegrating Films of Phytochemicals: A Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sayed Adnanulhaque M. , Kulkarni Abhijeet D. , Pardeshi Pooja U. , Kapile Chinmay R. , Nehe Akshay D. 
Published: May 2022

Oral fast disintegrating films (OFDFs) have been developed as a viable alternative to conventional oral solid dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, and syrups for patients who struggle consuming them. OFDFs are thin strips that disintegrate or dissolve rapidly when placed in the oral cavity, allowing quick onset of action. These films are prepared by incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients with film-forming polymers and other ingredients. OFDFs are also developed by incorporating active constituents present in phytochemicals such as flavonoids and polyphenols. In recent years, researchers have developed OFDFs by incorporating active phytoconstituents and/or herbal extracts to produce significant therapeutic activity. Phytochemical-based OFDFs show pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antimigraine, antiarrhythmic, antioxidant and antibacterial. These films can also be used in the management of dementia, cerebral insufficiency and Alzheimer’s disease. The present review focuses on the formulation and development of phytochemical-loaded OFDFs and recent research carried out on the same in tabular form.
Keywords: Oral fast disintegrating film, phytochemicals, active phytoconstituents, herbal extracts, natural active compounds, oral mucosa, mouth dissolving film
Rational Use of Methylene Blue in COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Saikrupa B V , Muthukumar Mani , Kavya S , Suma P Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Methylene blue entered the medical field when Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich introduced the staining of tuberculosis microorganisms using methylene blue. It is used as an anesthetic agent for its sensory nerve ending blocking property, and its antimicrobial activity was useful as an antimalarial therapy in the 1890s. In the modern medical field, methylene blue was majorly used for investigational purposes as contrast in many radiological diagnostic techniques. Further applications of methylene blue in various clinical indications like Alzheimer's disease, depression, and psychosis are under investigation. Human Coronavirus invasion through the ACE 2 receptor causes the immune system's activation and induces apoptosis in human cells like monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, which results in the activation of the innate and acquired immune system. This process results in the massive elimination of the infected cells. Methylene blue can play a significant role in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting viral replication and preventing sepsis due to covid illness. Theoretically, anti-inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, and tissue damage caused by covid infection can be minimized, and thereby it can also be beneficial for the patients suffering from cytokine storm. From this review article, we conclude that methylene blue should be evaluated for its role in covid treatment at a clinical level.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Antiviral activity, Cytokine storm, Nitric oxide, Antidote activity.
Athlete’s foot disease: A comparative study on marketed products
Authors: Kota Sri Sai Nikitha , Bandhakavi Sailaja , Anjali Cheelapali 
Published: May 2022

An infection of the foot with fungi, such as the Athlete’s foot, is frequently observed globally, both in men and women. In the present review, different marketed products used in treating Athlete's foot disease were critically analysed and compared. The marketed products include Oral medications and Topical medications like creams, gels, dusting powders, and sprays to meet the needs of Athlete's foot disease patients. Oral products are prescribed only when topical treatments are unsuccessful and the infection becomes systemic or deep-rooted. They may cause mild side effects like nausea, dizziness, and digestive problems to serious side effects like liver damage. In comparison to oral medications, topical fungal therapy is usually preferred due to no systemic side effects, ability to bypass first-pass metabolism, and minimum toxicity. Gels are preferred over creams for being effective and easily washable. With powders, moisture retention may delay the healing process leading to secondary infections with bacteria. Sprays can release the drug easily in hard-to-reach corners of the body. However, propellants used in them are inflammable, and the products are expensive. Oral products are best for treating chronic infections despite their side effects, and topicals are suitable for mild infections, with sprays being the most convenient formulation. Several studies have indicated that topical nanocarriers with antifungal agents display superior therapeutic efficacy and minimal toxicity due to their ability to overcome challenges associated with conventional drug delivery systems like poor retention and low bioavailability. There is a good scope for developing topical nanocarrier-based antifungal formulations to treat Athlete's foot disease with minimum side effects effectively.
Keywords: Athlete’s foot disease, Orals, Topicals, Creams, Gels, Powders, Sprays.