bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a Small Airway Disease Index Derived From Modeling the Late-Expiratory Flattening of the Flow-Volume Loop
Authors: Chen Hengji , Joshi Sangeeta , Oberle Amber J. , Wong An-Kwok , Shaz David , Thapamagar Suman , Tan Laren , Anholm James D. , Giri Paresh C. , Henriquez Craig , Huang Yuh-Chin T. 
Published: June 2022

Excessive decrease in the flow of the late expiratory portion of a flow volume loop (FVL) or “flattening”, reflects small airway dysfunction. The assessment of the flattening is currently determined by visual inspection by the pulmonary function test (PFT) interpreters and is highly variable. In this study, we developed an objective measure to quantify the flattening. We downloaded 172 PFT reports in PDF format from the electronic medical records and digitized and extracted the expiratory portion of the FVL. We located point A (the point of the peak expiratory flow), point B (the point corresponding to 75% of the expiratory vital capacity), and point C (the end of the expiratory portion of the FVL intersecting with the x-axis). We did a linear fitting to the A-B segment and the B-C segment. We calculated: 1) the AB-BC angle (∠ABC), 2) BC-x-axis angle (∠BCX), and 3) the log ratio of the BC slope over the vertical distance between point A and x-axis [log (BC/A-x)]. We asked an expert pulmonologist to assess the FVLs and separated the 172 PFTs into the flattening and the non-flattening groups. We defined the cutoff value as the mean minus one standard deviation using data from the non-flattening group. ∠ABC had the best concordance rate of 80.2% with a cutoff value of 149.7°. We then asked eight pulmonologists to evaluate the flattening with and without ∠ABC in another 168 PFTs. The Fleiss’ kappa was 0.320 (lower and upper confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.293 and 0.348 respectively) without ∠ABC and increased to 0.522 (lower and upper CIs: 0.494 and 0.550) with ∠ABC. There were 147 CT scans performed within 6 months of the 172 PFTs. Twenty-six of 55 PFTs (47.3%) with ∠ABC &lt;149.7° had CT scans showing small airway disease patterns while 44 of 92 PFTs (47.8%) with ∠ABC ≥149.7° had no CT evidence of small airway disease. We concluded that ∠ABC improved the inter-rater agreement on the presence of the late expiratory flattening in FVL. It could be a useful addition to the assessment of small airway disease in the PFT interpretation algorithm and reporting.
Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Profile Markers Following Initial and Secondary Bouts of Multiple Eccentric Exercises
Authors: Chen Trevor C. , Huang Min-Jyue , Lima Leonardo C. R. , Chou Tai-Ying , Wang Hung-Hao , Tu Jui-Hung , Lin Shi-Che , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: June 2022

An acute bout of eccentric exercise affects insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, but how the magnitude of muscle damage affects them is not clear. We compared changes in blood insulin sensitivity and lipid markers after the first (EC1) and second (EC2) eccentric exercise bouts. Fifteen sedentary young men performed arm, leg and trunk muscle eccentric exercises, and repeated them 2 weeks later. Fasting blood samples were taken before, 2 h and 1–5 days after each exercise bout to analyze plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, serum glucose (GLU), insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), triacylglycerols (TG), total (TC) and low- (LDLC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations as well as TC/HDLC ratio. Changes in these measures were compared between bouts and relationships to peak plasma CK activity were analyzed. Plasma CK activity increased (p &lt; 0.05) after EC1 (peak: 101,668 ± 58,955 IU/L) but not after EC2. The magnitude of changes in GLU (peak after EC1: 26 ± 10% vs. EC2: 7 ± 6%), insulin (46 ± 27% vs. 15 ± 8%), HOMA (86 ± 48% vs. 24 ± 15%), TC (−20 ± 5% vs. −6 ± 4%), TG (−32 ± 11% vs. −6 ± 3%), LDHC (−47 ± 15% vs. −12 ± 9%), HDLC (35 ± 26% vs. 7 ± 4%), and TC/HDLC ratio (−139 ± 13% vs. −11 ± 7%) were significantly greater after EC1 than EC2. Peak plasma CK activity was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) correlated with the peak changes in blood insulin sensitivity and lipid markers for the combined data of EC1 and EC2. These results suggest that the greater the magnitude of muscle damage, the greater the magnitude of changes in the insulin sensitivity to a negative direction and lipid markers to a positive direction.
Weight Status Modulated Brain Regional Homogeneity in Long-Term Male Smokers
Authors: Zhang Mengzhe , Gao Xinyu , Yang Zhengui , Niu Xiaoyu , Chen Jingli , Wei Yarui , Wang Weijian , Han Shaoqiang , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundTobacco smoking and being overweight could lead to adverse health effects, which remain an important public health problem worldwide. Research indicates that overlapping pathophysiology may contribute to tobacco addiction and being overweight, but the neurobiological interaction mechanism between the two factors is still unclear.MethodsThe current study used a mixed sample design, including the following four groups: (i) overweight long-term smokers (n = 24); (ii) normal-weight smokers (n = 28); (iii) overweight non-smokers (n = 19), and (iv) normal-weight non-smokers (n = 28), for a total of 89 male subjects. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to compare internal cerebral activity among the four groups. Interaction effects between tobacco addiction and weight status on ReHo were detected using a two-way analysis of variance, correcting for age, years of education, and head motion.ResultsA significant interaction effect between tobacco addiction and weight status is shown in right superior frontal gyrus. Correlation analyses show that the strengthened ReHo value in the right superior frontal gyrus is positively associated with pack-year. Besides, the main effect of tobacco addiction is specially observed in the occipital lobe and cerebellum posterior lobe. As for the main effect of weight status, the right lentiform nucleus, left postcentral gyrus, and brain regions involved in default mode network (DMN) survived.ConclusionsThese results shed light on an antagonistic interaction on brain ReHo between tobacco addiction and weight status in the right superior frontal gyrus, which may be a clinical neuro-marker of comorbid tobacco addiction and overweight. Our findings may provide a potential target to develop effective treatments for the unique population of comorbid tobacco addiction and overweight people.
Burden of Disease of COVID-19: Strengthening the Collaboration for National Studies
Authors: Pires Sara Monteiro , Wyper Grant M. A. , Wengler Annelene , Peñalvo José L. , Haneef Romana , Moran Declan , Cuschieri Sarah , Redondo Hernan G. , De Pauw Robby , McDonald Scott A. , Moon Lynelle , Shedrawy Jad , Pallari Elena , Charalampous Periklis , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Von Der Lippe Elena 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesQuantifying the combined impact of morbidity and mortality is a key enabler to assessing the impact of COVID-19 across countries and within countries relative to other diseases, regions, or demographics. Differences in methods, data sources, and definitions of mortality due to COVID-19 may hamper comparisons. We describe efforts to support countries in estimating the national-level burden of COVID-19 using disability-adjusted life years.MethodsThe European Burden of Disease Network developed a consensus methodology, as well as a range of capacity-building activities to support burden of COVID-19 studies. These activities have supported 11 national studies so far, with study periods between January 2020 and December 2021.ResultsNational studies dealt with various data gaps and different assumptions were made to face knowledge gaps. Still, they delivered broadly comparable results that allow for interpretation of consistencies, as well as differences in the quantified direct health impact of the pandemic.DiscussionHarmonized efforts and methodologies have allowed for comparable estimates and communication of results. Future studies should evaluate the impact of interventions, and unravel the indirect health impact of the COVID-19 crisis.
Polarization as a Discriminator of Light-Absorbing Impurities in or Above Snow
Authors: Ottaviani Matteo 
Published: June 2022

This conceptual study presents advanced radiative transfer computations of light polarization originating from a snowpack consisting of nonspherical grains and variable content of light-absorbing impurities, either embedded in the snowpack or (with the same optical properties) lofted above it in the form of atmospheric aerosols. The results highlight the importance of considering shapes other than spherical for the snow grains, which otherwise can lead to non-negligible errors in the retrieval of snow albedo from remote sensing observations. More importantly, it is found that polarimetric measurements provide a means to partition light-absorbing impurities embedded in the snowpack from absorbing aerosols aloft, a task traditionally prohibitive for sensors capable exclusively of measurements of total reflectance. Heritage techniques to obtain snow grain size from shortwave infrared observations of total reflectance are well established, as are those that leverage polarimetric, multiangular observations across the entire optical spectrum to characterize the optical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols. The polarization signatures of near-infrared (e.g., 864 nm) observations carry critical information on snow grain shape. The prospected launch of space-borne polarimeters with proven accuracy, therefore, advocates for the development of data inversion schemes, to boost the accuracy of simultaneous retrievals of atmospheric and surface parameters in the polar and snow-covered regions, critical to climate studies.
Accurate Evaluation of Hepatocyte Metabolisms on a Noble Oxygen-Permeable Material With Low Sorption Characteristics
Authors: Nishikawa Masaki , Ito Hiroyasu , Tokito Fumiya , Hirono Keita , Inamura Kousuke , Scheidecker Benedikt , Danoy Mathieu , Kawanishi Takumi , Arakawa Hirohsi , Kato Yukio , Esashika Katsuhiro , Miyasako Hiroshi , Sakai Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2022

In the pharmaceutical industry, primary cultured hepatocytes is a standard tool used to assess hepatic metabolisms and toxicity in vitro. Drawbacks, however, include their functional deterioration upon isolation, mostly due to the lack of a physiological environment. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been reported to improve the function of isolated hepatocytes by its high oxygen permeability when used as a material of microphysiological systems (MPS). However, its high chemical sorption property has impeded its practical use in drug development. In this study, we evaluated a new culture material, 4-polymethyl-1-pentene polymer (PMP), in comparison with PDMS and conventional tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). First, we confirmed the high oxygen permeability and low sorption of PMP, and these properties were comparable with PDMS and TCPS, respectively. Moreover, using primary rat hepatocytes, we demonstrated maintained high levels of liver function at least for 1 week on PMP, with its low chemical sorption and high oxygen permeability being key factors in both revealing the potential of primary cultured hepatocytes and in performing an accurate evaluation of hepatic metabolisms. Taken together, we conclude that PMP is a superior alternative to both PDMS and TCPS, and a promising material for a variety of drug testing systems.
NUMTs Can Imitate Biparental Transmission of mtDNA—A Case in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Parakatselaki Maria-Eleni , Zhu Chen-Tseh , Rand David , Ladoukakis Emmanuel D. 
Published: June 2022

mtDNA sequences can be incorporated into the nuclear genome and produce nuclear mitochondrial fragments (NUMTs), which resemble mtDNA in their sequence but are transmitted biparentally, like the nuclear genome. NUMTs can be mistaken as real mtDNA and may lead to the erroneous impression that mtDNA is biparentally transmitted. Here, we report a case of mtDNA heteroplasmy in a Drosophila melanogaster DGRP line, in which the one haplotype was biparentally transmitted in an autosomal manner. Given the sequence identity of this haplotype with the mtDNA, the crossing experiments led to uncertainty about whether heteroplasmy was real or an artifact due to a NUMT. More specific experiments revealed that there is a large NUMT insertion in the X chromosome of a specific DGRP line, imitating biparental inheritance of mtDNA. Our result suggests that studies on mtDNA heteroplasmy and on mtDNA inheritance should first exclude the possibility of NUMT interference in their data.
Normal alkane evaporation under vacuum: chain-length dependency and distillation from binary systems
Authors: Takahashi Daiki , Horike Shohei , Koshiba Yasuko , Ishida Kenji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Normal alkanes are among the simplest molecules that can be studied in physical chemistry. However, there is still more to learn about their liquid-to-gas phase transition characteristics, especially in vacuo. Here, we investigated the evaporation behavior of 12 different normal alkanes using thermogravimetry, both in air and under reduced pressures (5000 to 10−2 Pa). The reduced pressures lowered the evaporation-onset temperatures of the normal alkanes. The evaporation-onset temperatures at ∼1 Pa were linearly correlated with the chain lengths (molecular weights). Furthermore, we found that the reduced pressures enabled the effective distillation of binary mixtures of normal alkanes because of the differences in the evaporation-onset temperatures. It was empirically determined that distillation (isolated evaporation of one of the binary mixture components) was achieved at ∼1 Pa when the chain of one of the alkanes was 30% longer than that of the other.
Extrinsic contribution to anomalous Hall effect in chiral antiferromagnetic (111)-oriented L12-Mn3Ir films
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Kimata Motoi , Kan Daisuke , Ikebuchi Tetsuya , Shiota Yoichi , Kohno Hiroshi , Shimakawa Yuichi , Ono Teruo , Moriyama Takahiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chiral antiferromagnets are regarded as a new class of antiferromagnets owing to its intriguing spin transport properties such as a sizable anomalous Hall effect (AHE). In this work, we fabricated chiral antiferromagnetic L12-Mn3Ir (111)-oriented films and investigated the anomalous Hall conductivity with respect to the chemical order parameter

S
.

It is found that the anomalous Hall conductivity in (111)-oriented films is much more pronounced compared to (001)-oriented films, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. We also found that the anomalous Hall conductivity strongly depends on the longitudinal conductivity, which could suggest an extrinsic contribution to the AHE in L12-Mn3Ir.
Breakdown voltage enhancement of p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN diode by controlling Mg acceptors for compensating residual Si donors
Authors: Kawata Soichiro , Zhang Yuwei , Iwata Naotaka 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Breakdown voltage enhancement was studied for p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure diodes, where residual Si donors during growth were compensated with Mg acceptors doped in the p-GaN layer. As the thicknesses of the p-GaN layer (T
p-GaN) decreased from 140 nm, breakdown voltages were increased and maximized at 20 nm, then decreased at 0 nm. Moreover, breakdown voltages of the 20 nm T
p-GaN diodes improved with the increase of the drift region lengths. This is because a uniform electric field was obtained by compensation of the residual Si donors with the Mg acceptors. In addition, for a thicker p-GaN layer, the effects of the surface states were suppressed, and injection of a large number of holes under forward bias was observed. Consequently, the thick p-GaN layer is expected to enhance forward current. Adopting the results, the potential of low on-resistance and high current for p-GaN gated anode diodes was demonstrated.
PENGARUH KONSUMSI JUS KACANG MERAH (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN REMAJA PUTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL QURAN KECAMATAN KOKAP KABUPATEN KULON PROGO PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hariya Fitri Fukes , Susilowati Dewi , Kurniarum Ari 
Published: June 2022

Remaja putri sering mengalami masalah kesehatan salah satunya anemia. Anemia adalah kondisi jumlah konsentrasi hemoglobin di dalamnya lebih rendah dari normalnya. Secara global prevalensi anemia di dunia tahun 2019 adalah 29.9 % (WHO, 2020). Prevalensi anemia di Indonesia tahun 2018 yaitu 48,9% . Sebagian besar anemia pada remaja Indonesia diakibatkan kekurangan zat besi. Kacang merah mengandung zat besi, mudah di dapat di daerah Kokap dan harganya terjangkau, masyarakat setempat terbiasa mengkonsumsi kacang merah dalam bentuk hidangan masakan atau jus. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh jus kacang merah terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri di, penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental semu (quasy experimental) dengan pendekatan non equivalent control group. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sample dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang remaja putri dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi masing-masing 15 orang. Kelompok Intervensi diberikan kacang merah 50 gram dalam bentuk jus sebanyak 250 ml sebanyak 1 kali sehari selama 14 hari. Dan kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan perlakuan jus kacang merah. Pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian jus kacang merah menggunakan cyanmethoglobin oleh petugas dan di uji dengan Wilcoxon Test. Berdasarkan data kejadian anemia pada responden sebanyak 30 orang dengan anemia ringan 23 orang, anemia sedang 4 orang dan tidak anemia 3 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Rata-rata kadar hemoglobin sebelum pada kelompok kontrol yaitu 11.17 g/dl dan setelah yaitu 11.14 g/dl. Rata-rata kadar hemoglobin sebelum pemberian jus kacang merah pada kelompok intervensi yaitu 11.14 g/dl dan setelah pemberian yaitu 13.16 g/dl. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Wilcoxon diperoleh nilai signifikan 0,001 (p< 0,05).Terdapat pengaruh pemberian jus kacang merah terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Quran Kecamatan Kokap Kabupaten Kulon Progo Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Liturgical Readings from the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel in the Ostrog Bible. Between Tradition and Innovation
Authors: Taseva Lora , Yovcheva Maria 
Published: June 2022

The article concentrates on the paroimias from the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, which are intended for liturgical service in the movable commemorations cycle: Ezekiel 1:1-21 for Holy Monday, Ezekiel 1:21-28 for Holy Tuesday, Ezekiel 2:3-3:3 for Holy Wednesday, Ezekiel 37:1-14 for Holy Saturday and Ezekiel 36:24-28 for Pentecost. These are compared based on five text versions occurring between the 9th and 16th centuries: the earliest Old Bulgarian translation in the Parimejnik (9th c.), the Preslav translation of the text with Theodoret of Cyrrhus’s commentary (early 10th c.), the Athonite translation in the Triodion of new redaction (14th c.), the Gennadij Bible (1499) and the Ostrog Bible (1581). The analysis focuses on the variability in the translator’s choice when delivering certain Greek lexemes and specific constructions. The objective is to determine the relation between the content, inherited from the rich previous tradition and the new components in the text of this prophetic book in the Ostrog Bible. Patterns in the preferences for certain variants in the different versions are systematized.
The analysis makes it possible to conclude that the Ostrog Bible may be considered most closely linked to the Gennadij Bible and the Preslav translation of the text with commentaries. The studied materials evidence an increased influence on the text of the first Slavonic printed Bible by the Athonite translation in the Triodion of new redaction in the three paroimias for the Holy Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. In the other two readings, however, this trend is insignificant. The presence, on one hand, of isolated lexical occurences of collation of the text with Greek sources, and on the other, of instances of uncritical carrying-over of inaccuracies from the older Slavonic versions, shows the unsystematic editorial approach of the scholars from the Ostrog academic circle.
The Names of the Unknown Soldiers. Soviet War Literature and Journalism, or Verisimilitude and Truth: Two Case Studies
Authors: Colombo Duccio 
Published: June 2022

Vasilij Subbotin’s We Stormed the Reichstag is a typical specimen of the wave of non-fiction prose about World War II which sprang up in the wake of the 20th Congress. The search for the unjustly forgotten war hero, one of the major themes of this kind of literature, is represented here by the story of Pëtr Pjatnickij, a soldier who fell on the steps of the Reichstag entrance with a red flag in his hand and was then forgotten.
If, hypothetically, this story was false, it would echo the (probably false) story of the 28 ‘panfilovcy’ who purportedly fell at Dubosekovo during the battle for Moscow. In that case, Subbotin’s text would embody a characteristically literary device: giving a name to an anonymous character, the anonymous figure, for example, carrying the flag in Vladimir Bogatkin’s well-known painting, as a way to give life and credibility to the image. The Dubosekovo story, as developed by journalist Aleksandr Krivickij, appears to employ the same mechanism for achieving credibility. In this case the operation was twofold: Krivickij gave his heroes first a number, and only later names. The second move was the most hazardous. A story that pretends to be true must be verifiable in real life; this is where Krivickij failed and where Subbotin may have succeeded.
Stalinist culture fundamentally refused to separate fact from fiction. The non-fiction literature from the Thaw is exactly the opposite: an attempt at reinstating the separation.
Orthography of the Handwritings of the 12th Century Lazarevskij Paroemiarion
Authors: Molkov Georgiy Anatolyevich 
Published: June 2022

The Lazarevskij Paroemiarion (Parimejnik) is the earliest copy of this liturgical book in the Old Church Slavonic translation; according to the latest research, it dates back to the middle of the 12th century. This manuscript has East Slavic origins and contains important information on the history of Old Russian orthography. Three scribes contributed to the creation of the manuscript and their spelling varies in many respects.
Innovative spelling associated with phonetic changes in the Old Russian language of the 12th century are concentrated in the first handwriting: the number of stems with jer omissions, positions with the change of strong jers into o or e, and examples of the so-called “new jat’ (ѣ)”. This handwriting determines the dating of the manuscript. The second scribe also took part in the writing of another Old Russian manuscript, the Miljatino Gospel. The analysis of his part of the Lazarevskij Paroemiarion makes it possible to assess the degree of variability of spelling preferences of the same scribe when working on copies of different texts. The third handwriting looks archaic in the writing of weak jers and the use of non-contracted variants of adjective inflections, although in other positions South Slavicisms can be completely eliminated from it (compare the absence of žd for the reflex of *dj when using žd in the first and second handwritings).
Of the coincidences in the spelling of the scribes, the most interesting is the spelling specificity in the recording of specific word forms and letter combinations. These coincidences, indicative against the background of the general inconsistency and spelling differences of the three handwritings, can be attributed to the specifics of the spelling of the scriptorium at the Lazarev Monastery, in which the Parimejnik was rewritten. These characteristic features of the scriptorium include the isolation in the recording of the adverb-preposition posrědě, the dative and local case forms of the pronouns tebě, sebě, only in the form of tebe, sebe, the influence of the same graphic clichés on the choice of the affricate letter.