bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllability is key: Goal pursuit during COVID‐19 and insights for theories of self‐regulation
Authors: Clayton McClure J. Helgi , Cole Scott N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been an unprecedented public health emergency with wide‐ranging psychological impacts. The resulting uncertainty surrounding employment, finance, and health could impact how individuals think about and pursue their personal goals. Specifically, we anticipated that pandemic‐related goals would be perceived as less controllable, presenting a unique opportunity to test effects of controllability on self‐regulation. We elicited spontaneous self‐regulatory thought (SRT) data for personal goals related and unrelated to COVID‐19, predicting that (A) the relative prevalence of different SRT modes (e.g., dwelling, indulging, mental contrasting) would differ between COVID‐related and unrelated goals; and (B) the typical motivational benefit of mental contrasting (i.e., considering a desired outcome followed by present obstacles) would be attenuated for COVID‐related goals. As anticipated, UK‐resident adults (n = 288) judged COVID‐related goals such as keeping one's family safe to be less controllable compared to unrelated goals, and tended to engage different SRT modes (e.g., higher incidence of dwelling vs. indulging). Mental contrasting occurred equally for both goal types, but when predicting goal commitment, its typical beneficial effect was absent for COVID‐related goals. Results are consistent with the proposition that low subjective control influences both the cognitive processing of goals (i.e., promoting dwelling) and subsequent motivational outcomes. This poses a challenge to current theory, calling for greater emphasis on controllability as a contributing factor in self‐regulation and goal pursuit.
Ecological marginality and recruitment loss in the globally endangered freshwater pearl mussel
Authors: Tamario Carl , Tibblin Petter , Degerman Erik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimEcological marginality is the existence of species/populations in the margins of their ecological niche, where conditions are harsher, and the risk of extinction is more pronounced. In threatened long‐lived species, the disparity between distribution and population demography may provide understanding of how environmental heterogeneity shapes ecological marginality, potential extinction patterns and range shifts. We set out to evaluate this by combining a species distribution model (SDM) with population‐specific demography data.LocationSweden, 450,000 km2.Major Taxa StudiedFreshwater pearl mussel (FPM, Margaritifera margaritifera) and two salmonid fish species.MethodsA SDM for the mussel was constructed with MaxEnt using salmonid host fish (Salmo trutta plus S. salar) density, extreme low and high temperatures, precipitation, altitude, and clay content as explanatory variables. The output was used to test the ecological marginality hypothesis by evaluating whether lowly predicted populations had higher loss of recruitment. Logistic regression was used to explicitly test the factors involved in recruitment loss.ResultsHost fish density contributed the most (50.3%) to the mussel distribution, followed by lowest temperature the coldest month (34.3%) and altitude (10.3%), while the remaining explanatory variables contributed minimally (<3.3%). Populations with lower SDM scores lacked recruitment to a significantly higher degree. Populations inhabiting areas at low altitude, with lower densities of host fish, and warmer winter temperatures have lost recruitment to a higher degree.Main ConclusionsWe found support for the ecological marginality hypothesis. The patterns indicate that FPM habitat niche may shift northwards over time. Salmonid host fish density seems to be a driving factor for both historical distribution and recent demographic performance. Finally, we emphasize the value of combining SDMs with independent data on population demography as it both lends rigidity to model validation and understanding of how ecological marginality affects species distribution and viability.
Experimental infection trials with European North Atlantic ranavirus (Iridoviridae) isolated from lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, L.)
Authors: Scholz Felix , Vendramin Niccolò , Olesen Niels Jørgen , Cuenca Argelia , Moesgaard Iburg Tine , Mirimin Luca , O'Connor Ian , Ruane Neil M. , Rodger Hamish D. , MacCarthy Eugene 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEuropean North Atlantic ranavirus (ENARV,Iridoviridae), is a ranavirus species recently isolated from lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, L.), which are used as cleaner fish in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming in Northern Europe. This study aimed to investigate (1) the virulence of ENARV isolates from Ireland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands to lumpfish; (2) horizontal transmission between lumpfish; and (3) virulence to Atlantic salmon parr. Lumpfish were challenged in a cohabitation model using intraperitoneally (IP) injected shedders, and naïve cohabitants. IP challenge with isolates from Iceland (1.9 × 107TCID50 ml−1) and the Faroe Islands (5.9 × 107TCID50 ml−1) reduced survival in lumpfish, associated with consistent pathological changes. IP challenge with the Irish strain (8.6 × 105TCID50 ml−1) did not significantly reduce survival in lumpfish, but the lower challenge titre complicated interpretation. Horizontal transmission occurred in all strains tested, but no clinical impact was demonstrated in cohabitants. Salmon parr were challenged by IP injection with the Irish isolate, no virulence or virus replication were demonstrated. A ranavirus qPCR assay, previously validated for fish ranaviruses, was first used to detect ENARV in tissues of both in lumpfish and Atlantic salmon. This study provides the first data on the assessment of virulence of ENARV isolates to lumpfish and salmon, guidelines for the diagnosis of ENARV infection, and poses a basis for further investigations into virulence markers.
What matters when it comes to measuring Age‐Friendly Health System transformation
Authors: Burke Robert E. , Ashcraft Laura Ellen , Manges Kirstin , Kinosian Bruce , Lamberton Cait M. , Bowen Mary E. , Brown Rebecca T. , Mavandadi Shahrzad , Hall Daniel E. , Werner Rachel M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThousands of health systems are now recognized as “Age‐Friendly Health Systems,” making this model one of the most widely disseminated – and most promising‐ models to redesign care delivery for older adults. Sustaining these gains will require demonstrating the impact on care delivery and outcomes of older adults. We propose a new measurement model to more tightly link Age‐Friendly Health System transformation to outcomes within each “M” (What Matters, Medications, Mobility, and Mentation). We evaluated measures based on the following characteristics: (1) conceptual responsiveness to changes brought about by practicing “4Ms” care; (2) degree to which they represent outcomes that matter to older adults; and (3) how they can be feasibly, reliably, and validly measured. We offer specific examples of how novel measures are currently being used where available. Finally, we present measures that could capture system‐level effects across “M”s. We tie these suggestions together into a conceptual measurement model for AFHS transformation, with the intent to spur discussion, debate, and iterative improvement in measures over time.
Temporal Orientation and Corporate Social Responsibility: Global Evidence
Authors: Choi Jongmoo Jay , Kim Jimi , Shenkar Oded 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere has been a growing emphasis on the importance of a long‐term perspective in academia and practice. Yet understanding of the interdependency of those factors – the temporal preferences embedded in organizations and in societal values as well as the influence of temporal orientation of investors – remains limited. We theorize whether and how a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) is affected by the societal temporal orientation, its time horizon, and its investors' time horizon. Using a global sample, we confirm that CSR activity is higher when a country has a long‐term orientation culture, when the firm has a long‐time horizon, and when the controlling institutional investor has a long‐term investment horizon. We also find that the national culture's long‐term orientation heightens the effect of a firm's long‐time horizon on its CSR. Further, our results show that the effects of temporal orientation are more pronounced in environmental than in social CSR.
Quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Results from the study of health in Pomerania
Authors: Vogler Katharina , Daboul Amro , Obst Anne , Fietze Ingo , Ewert Ralf , Biffar Reiner , Krüger Markus 
Published: August 2022

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is known to be an overall public health problem that, among other things, increases morbidity and mortality. Risk factors as well as symptoms of this multidimensional sleep‐related breathing disorder negatively affect quality of life. With our study we aimed to expose the association between obstructive sleep apnea and quality of life in the population of Pomerania, Germany. We utilized data from the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Information on health status and risk factors about 4420 participants (2275 women) were gathered within the cohort SHIP‐TREND, of which 1209 (559 women) underwent an overnight polysomnography and completed sleep questionnaires. The quality of life of the participants was measured using the Short‐Form 12 questionnaire. For our study, an ordinal regression analysis with age, sex, body mass index and the Short‐Form 12 health survey as predictors for apnea–hypopnea index was computed. The potential factors affecting quality of life are different between physical and mental dimensions of quality of life. Significant effects were found regarding age, sex, body mass index and the Short‐Form 12 Mental Component Score, but not the Physical Component Score.
Algorithmic fairness in business analytics: Directions for research and practice
Authors: De‐Arteaga Maria , Feuerriegel Stefan , Saar‐Tsechansky Maytal 
Published: August 2022

The extensive adoption of business analytics (BA) has brought financial gains and increased efficiencies. However, these advances have simultaneously drawn attention to rising legal and ethical challenges when BA inform decisions with fairness implications. As a response to these concerns, the emerging study of algorithmic fairness deals with algorithmic outputs that may result in disparate outcomes or other forms of injustices for subgroups of the population, especially those who have been historically marginalized. Fairness is relevant on the basis of legal compliance, social responsibility, and utility; if not adequately and systematically addressed, unfair BA systems may lead to societal harms and may also threaten an organization's own survival, its competitiveness, and overall performance. This paper offers a forward‐looking, BA‐focused review of algorithmic fairness. We first review the state‐of‐the‐art research on sources and measures of bias, as well as bias mitigation algorithms. We then provide a detailed discussion of the utility–fairness relationship, emphasizing that the frequent assumption of a trade‐off between these two constructs is often mistaken or short‐sighted. Finally, we chart a path forward by identifying opportunities for business scholars to address impactful, open challenges that are key to the effective and responsible deployment of BA.
Antecedents and consequences of servant leadership in local governance: Evidence from three case studies
Authors: Awasthi Pallavi , Walumbwa Fred O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough servant leadership has emerged as an important community‐oriented leadership approach that is desirable for public organizations, relatively less research attention has been devoted to understanding its antecedents as well as its organizational and community‐level consequences. Drawing on self‐categorization and stakeholder theories, this study investigates the antecedents and consequences of servant leadership in local government agencies using a comparative analysis of three case studies (two counties and a city). Findings highlight two frameworks of antecedents and consequences of servant leadership in local governance: (1) the underlying mechanisms—translating antecedents into servant leadership and (2) the intervening mechanisms—translating as organizational and community‐level consequences of servant leadership. These findings have implications for both public sector leadership theory and practice. Theoretically, servant leadership emerges as an inclusive approach that fosters stakeholder engagement and community prosperity in local governments. Practically, the findings suggest a pathway for utilizing servant leadership as an instrument for potential selection, training, succession planning, and servant leadership development in local government managers.
Confidence deficits and reducibility: Toward a coherent conceptualization of uncertainty level
Authors: Janzwood Scott 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOutside of the field of risk analysis, an important theoretical conversation on the slippery concept of uncertainty has unfolded over the last 40 years within the adjacent field of environmental risk. This literature has become increasingly standardized behind the tripartite distinction between uncertainty location, the nature of uncertainty, and uncertainty level, popularized by the “W&H framework.” This article introduces risk theorists and practitioners to the conceptual literature on uncertainty with the goal of catalyzing further development and clarification of the uncertainty concept within the field of risk analysis. It presents two critiques of the W&H framework's dimension of uncertainty level—the dimension that attempts to define the characteristics separating greater uncertainties from lesser uncertainties. First, I argue the framework's conceptualization of uncertainty level lacks a clear and consistent epistemological position and fails to acknowledge or reconcile the tensions between Bayesian and frequentist perspectives present within the framework. This article reinterprets the dimension of uncertainty level from a Bayesian perspective, which understands uncertainty as a mental phenomenon arising from “confidence deficits” as opposed to the ill‐defined notion of “knowledge deficits” present in the framework. And second, I elaborate the undertheorized concept of uncertainty “reducibility.” These critiques inform a clarified conceptualization of uncertainty level that can be integrated with risk analysis concepts and usefully applied by modelers and decisionmakers engaged in model‐based decision support.
Asymptotics of the deformed Fredholm determinant of the confluent hypergeometric kernel
Authors: Dai Dan , Zhai Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the deformed Fredholm determinant of the confluent hypergeometric kernel. This determinant represents the gap probability of the corresponding determinantal point process where each particle is removed independently with probability , . We derive asymptotics of the deformed Fredholm determinant when the gap interval tends to infinity, up to and including the constant term. As an application of our results, we establish a central limit theorem for the eigenvalue counting function and a global rigidity upper bound for its maximum deviation.
Anthropause environmentalisms: Noticing natures with the Self‐Isolating Bird Club
Authors: Turnbull Jonathon , Searle Adam , Lorimer Jamie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper offers a detailed empirical account of how human–environment relations were reconfigured in the UK and Ireland during the 2020–2021 COVID‐19 lockdowns, a period which natural scientists defined as the COVID‐19 Anthropause. Bringing this scientific concept into conversation with geographical work, we consider anthropause as both a lived condition and an historical moment of space–time decompression. Our expanded conceptualisation of anthropause, centred on lived experience and everyday life, develops a more hopeful politics than those offered by the ‘Great Acceleration’ narrative, which suggests digital media and urbanisation separate humans from nature. In contrast, we identify affirmative and inclusive modes of ‘anthropause environmentalism’ and explore their potential for fostering convivial human–nature relations in a world that is increasingly urban, digital, and powered by vernacular expertise. To make this argument, we turn to the Self‐Isolating Bird Club, an online birdwatching community operating across several social media platforms which, at the pandemic's height, reached over 50,000 members. We trace three key changes to human–nature relations illustrated by this group which we use to structure our paper: connection, community and cultivation. The COVID‐19 Anthropause recalibrated the fabric and rhythms of everyday life, changing what counts as a meaningful human–nature relationship. This paper will be of interest to geographers exploring environmental change at the interface of more‐than‐human and digital geographies, as well as environmentalists and conservationists. To conclude, we offer suggestions as to how scholars and practitioners might harness the lessons of anthropause to respond to the ‘anthropulse’.
Propuesta de modelo de predicción de mortalidad complementario al triaje en un hospital universitario en Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Jimenez Cruz Camilo Andres , Olejua Peter , Aguiar Martínez Leonar , García Peña Angel Alblerto , Sotelo Narváez Jorge Enrique , Cano Gutiérrez Carlos Alberto , Moreno Carillo Atilio , Jurado Natalie , Garzón Andrés , Bustamante Alvaro , Torres Daniela , Paris Gabriela , Santos Martha 
Published: August 2022

El triaje permite la priorización de pacientes según su urgencia médica. Se propone realizar un modelo estadístico correlacionado con mortalidad para generación de alertas desde el triaje.
Una cohorte prospectiva de 6438 adultos que ingresaron a urgencias del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, del 01/03/2018 al 28/02/2019. Se dividieron aleatoriamente los datos en entrenamiento y prueba. Sobre los datos de entrenamiento se realizó una regresión logística bivariada entre triaje y mortalidad y luego una regresión logística multivariada, se redujo el modelo mediante pruebas de razón de verosimilitud. En los datos de prueba se realizaron áreas bajo la curva (AUC) para cálculo de punto de corte. Fue evaluado mediante medidas de asociación.
Se realizaron áreas bajo la curva para los modelos realizados, encontrando el modelo “triage” con de AUC 0.82, “reducido” una AUC 0.90 y “Edad+sistólica” una AUC 0.87, sin diferencia significativa. Se seleccionó “reducido” con una Sensibilidad 0.869, Especificidad 0.842, VPP: 0.062, VPN: 0.998
Para seleccionar punto de corte, se realizó un árbol de decisiones teniendo en cuenta las variables significativas encontrando mayor mortalidad en pacientes triage 1-2, con TAS menor de 117mmHg y mayores de 58 años.
El modelo final podría funcionar como tamización para generación de alarmas de mortalidad en triaje iguales.
Palabras Clave: Medicina de Urgencias, Servicios Médicos de Urgencia, Triaje, Mortalidad, Indicadores de Salud
El debate ético y de regulación sobre el uso de CRISPR-Cas9 en la línea germinal humana
Authors: Díaz Amado Eduardo , González Angulo Ana María 
Published: August 2022

Introducción: CRISPR-Cas9 es actualmente la herramienta más versátil en la ingeniería genética y, por su bajo costo y habilidad para editar genomas fácilmente, es usada por toda la comunidad científica. Ofrece promesas considerables en todo campo biológico y especialmente en la comunidad biomédica para curar enfermedades. Sin embargo, a pesar del apoyo general para su utilización clínica, existen preocupaciones éticas y, sobre todo, respecto a su eficacia y seguridad en el contexto de su uso para editar el genoma humano.
Objetivo: Revisar la literatura académica y popular sobre los problemas y las implicaciones a considerar sobre el uso de CRISPR-Cas9 en la línea germinal humana.
Métodos: Búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y Embase con términos indexados y libres, periódicos y libros de alta circulación.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 59 documentos según los criterios de inclusión y a partir de ellos, se crearon cuatro capítulos que revisan las limitaciones técnicas, las implicaciones éticas, la actividad regulatoria e implicaciones políticas y jurídicas respecto del uso de CRISPR-Cas9 en la línea germinal humana, así como las implicaciones para Colombia.
Conclusiones: Aunque las limitaciones técnicas se superarán con avances tecnológicos, las preocupaciones éticas son permanentes y han llevado a declaraciones que van desde la prohibición o la moratoria, hasta su uso bajo condiciones estrictas. Colombia debe abordar los retos éticos y regulatorios intentando fortalecer sus capacidades institucionales y el debate público
Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds Onto Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons: Experimental Measurement and Comparison
Authors: Rupam Tahmid Hasan , Saha Bidyut Baran , Palash Mujib L. , Pal Animesh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of hazardous gaseous materials emitted from certain solids or liquids. They are thought to possess serious short- or long-term adverse effects on human health. Nowadays, an energy-efficient and cost-effective volatile organic compound removal system is of absolute necessity due to its adverse effects. In this regard, solar or waste heat-driven adsorption-based technologies can provide an energy-efficient system; however, most of the time, their utilization is limited by the high cost of the adsorbent materials. Right now, only one commercial high-grade activated carbon named Maxsorb III is known to have high capturing capacities. The purchasing cost of this adsorbent is very high, and it is derived from a non-renewable source. Therefore, this study is intended for the quest for low-priced biomass-derived activated carbons for an energy-efficient and cost-effective VOCs removal system. Two biomass-derived activated carbons synthesized from mangrove wood and waste palm trunk precursors are chosen, and four types of VOCs (ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, and ethyl acetate) adsorption onto them are measured experimentally using the inverse gas chromatography technique. The zero uptake adsorption enthalpy and specific entropy of the adsorption are theoretically computed for all the adsorbent/adsorbate pairs. After that, these data are compared with the obtained data for Maxsorb III to assess the performance of the biomass-derived activated carbons. Results show that, for all the VOCs, the cost-effective mangrove-based activated carbon can be an excellent alternative to the high-priced Maxsorb III when employed as an adsorbent material for VOCs removal.