bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sepsis modulates cortical excitability and alters the local and systemic hemodynamic response to seizures
Authors: Ferlini Lorenzo , Nonclercq Antoine , Su Fuhong , Creteur Jacques , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Gaspard Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNon-convulsive seizures and status epilepticus are frequent and associated with increased mortality in septic patients. However, the mechanism through which seizures impact outcome in these patients is unclear. As previous studies yielded an alteration of neurovascular coupling (NVC) during sepsis, we hypothesized that non-convulsive seizures, might further impair NVC, leading to brain tissue hypoxia. We used a previously developed ovine model of sepsis. Animals were allocated to sham procedure or sepsis; septic animals were studied either during the hyperdynamic phase (sepsis group) or after septic shock occurrence (septic shock group). After allocation, seizures were induced by cortical application of penicillin. We recorded a greater seizure-induced increase in the EEG gamma power in the sepsis group than in sham. Using a neural mass model, we also found that the theoretical activity of the modeled inhibitory interneurons, thought to be important to reproduce gamma oscillations, were relatively greater in the sepsis group. However, the NVC was impaired in sepsis animals, despite a normal brain tissue oxygenation. In septic shock animals, it was not possible to induce seizures. Cortical activity declined in case of septic shock, but it did not differ between sham or sepsis animals. As the alteration in NVC preceded cortical activity reduction, we suggest that, during sepsis progression, the NVC inefficiency could be partially responsible for the alteration of brain function, which might prevent seizure occurrence during septic shock. Moreover, we showed that cardiac output decreased during seizures in sepsis animals instead of increasing as in shams. The alteration of the seizure-induced systemic hemodynamic variations in sepsis might further affect cerebrovascular response to neuronal activation. Our findings support the hypothesis that anomalies in the cerebral blood flow regulation may contribute to the sepsis-associated encephalopathy and that seizures might be dangerous in such a vulnerable setting.
Older adults process the probability of winning sooner but weigh it less during lottery decisions
Authors: Chen Hsiang-Yu , Lombardi Gaia , Li Shu-Chen , Hare Todd A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmpirical evidence has shown that visually enhancing the saliency of reward probabilities can ease the cognitive demands of value comparisons and improve value-based decisions in old age. In the present study, we used a time-varying drift diffusion model that includes starting time parameters to better understand (1) how increasing the saliency of reward probabilities may affect the dynamics of value-based decision-making and (2) how these effects may interact with age. We examined choices made by younger and older adults in a mixed lottery choice task. On a subset of trials, we used a color-coding scheme to highlight the saliency of reward probabilities, which served as a decision-aid. The results showed that, in control trials, older adults started to consider probability relative to magnitude information sooner than younger adults, but that their evidence accumulation processes were less sensitive to reward probabilities than that of younger adults. This may indicate a noisier and more stochastic information accumulation process during value-based decisions in old age. The decision-aid increased the influence of probability information on evidence accumulation rates in both age groups, but did not alter the relative timing of accumulation for probability versus magnitude in either group.
Chronic social defeat stress increases the amounts of 12-lipoxygenase lipid metabolites in the nucleus accumbens of stress-resilient mice
Authors: Akiyama Satoshi , Nagai Hirotaka , Oike Shota , Horikawa Io , Shinohara Masakazu , Lu Yabin , Futamura Takashi , Shinohara Ryota , Kitaoka Shiho , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSevere and prolonged social stress induces mood and cognitive dysfunctions and precipitates major depression. Neuroinflammation has been associated with chronic stress and depression. Rodent studies showed crucial roles of a few inflammation-related lipid mediators for chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Despite an increasing number of lipid mediators identified, systematic analyses of synthetic pathways of lipid mediators in chronic stress models have not been performed. Using LC–MS/MS, here we examined the effects of chronic social defeat stress on multiple synthetic pathways of lipid mediators in brain regions associated with stress susceptibility in mice. Chronic social defeat stress increased the amounts of 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites, 12-HETE and 12-HEPE, specifically in the nucleus accumbens 1 week, but not immediately, after the last stress exposure. The increase was larger in stress-resilient mice than stress-susceptible mice. The S isomer of 12-HETE was selectively increased in amount, indicating the role of 12S-LOX activity. Among the enzymes known to have 12S-LOX activity, only Alox12 mRNA was reliably detected in the brain and enriched in brain endothelial cells. These findings suggest that chronic social stress induces a late increase in the amounts of 12S-LOX metabolites derived from the brain vasculature in the nucleus accumbens in a manner associated with stress resilience.
Comprehensive climatic suitability evaluation of peanut in Huang-Huai-Hai region under the background of climate change
Authors: Wei Sicheng , Li Kaiwei , Yang Yueting , Wang Chunyi , Liu Cong , Zhang Jiquan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe climate changes influence the growing suitability of peanut, an important oil crop. Climatic suitability evaluation in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the main peanut producing region of China, which can optimize peanut planting structure and provide basis for increasing output. In this study, the temperature, precipitation, sunshine and comprehensive suitability models were established by using the climatic suitability function in different growth periods of peanut. In this study, the climate suitability function of peanut in different growth periods was used to establish the temperature, precipitation, sunshine and comprehensive suitability model. Combined with the meteorological data after Anusplin interpolation, the spatial distribution and chronological change of peanut climate suitability were analyzed. The results show that with climate change, the overall climate becomes warmer and drier and the temperature and precipitation suitability increase, but the sunshine suitability decreases. Based on the comprehensive suitability model, the suitability evaluation results are divided into four levels: the most suitable, suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable. Among them, the most suitable peanut planting areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai region are concentrated in the west of the Haihe River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin. The data from the next 30 years show that both the most suitable and suitable areas have been expanded. Through the verification of yield correlation analysis and spatial distribution of disaster frequency, it can be seen that the evaluation results have high accuracy, which can be used to guide and optimize peanut production practices.
Examination of sub-harmonic responses along with various initial conditions induced by multi-staged clutch damper system
Authors: Yoon Jong-Yun , Kim Byeongil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing the harmonic balance method to investigate the nonlinear dynamic behaviors pertaining to sub-harmonic responses is difficult compared with that of super-harmonic cases because of the limitations of the HBM. Since sub-harmonic motions differ under various initial conditions, difficulties can arise when this method is used to calculate all possible solutions within sub-harmonic resonances. To explore complex dynamic behaviors in sub-harmonic resonant areas, this study suggests mathematical and numerical techniques to estimate sub-harmonic responses depending on various initial conditions. First, sub-harmonic responses are calculated under various excitation conditions relevant to the sub-harmonic input locations of the HBM formula. Second, the HBM results are verified by comparing them with the results of the numerical simulation (NS) under various initial conditions with respect to different frequency up-sweeping paths. Finally, the positive real part of the eigenvalues is examined to anticipate bifurcation characteristics, which reflect the relevance of the complex dynamic behaviors in the eigenvalues’ unstable solutions. Overall, this study successfully proves that the techniques and methods described are suitable for examining complex sub-harmonic responses, and suggests basic ideas for analyzing nonlinear dynamic behaviors in sub-harmonic resonances using the HBM.
Real-time prediction of formation pressure gradient while drilling
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccurate real-time pore pressure prediction is crucial especially in drilling operations technically and economically. Its prediction will save costs, time and even the right decisions can be taken before problems occur. The available correlations for pore pressure prediction depend on logging data, formation characteristics, and combination of logging and drilling parameters. The objective of this work is to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to introduce two models to estimate the formation pressure gradient in real-time through the available drilling data. The used parameters include rate of penetration (ROP), mud flow rate (Q), standpipe pressure (SPP), and rotary speed (RS). A data set obtained from some vertical wells was utilized to develop the predictive model. A different set of data was utilized for validating the proposed artificial intelligence (AI) models. Both models forecasted the output with a good correlation coefficient (R) for training and testing. Moreover, the average absolute percentage error (AAPE) did not exceed 2.1%. For validation stage, the developed models estimated the pressure gradient with a good accuracy. This study proves the reliability of the proposed models to estimate the pressure gradient while drilling using drilling data. Moreover, an ANN-based correlation is provided and can be directly used by introducing the optimized weights and biases, whenever the drilling parameters are available, instead of running the ANN model.
Multi-centennial mass balance of perennial ice deposits in Alpine caves mirrors the evolution of glaciers during the Late Holocene
Authors: Racine Tanguy M. F. , Reimer Paula J. , Spötl Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMid-latitude alpine caves preserve a record of past solid precipitation during winter, locally spanning several centuries to millennia. Dating organic macro-remains trapped in ice layers allows the determination of timing and duration of past periods of positive and negative ice mass balance. We present here the largest comparative study of ice cave sites yet published, using Bayesian age-modelling on a database comprising 107 radiocarbon dates, spread over eight caves in the Austrian Alps. We show that periods of positive mass balance coincide with past glacier advances. We find organic and macro-remain rich layers dated to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (between 850 and 1200 CE) marking widespread ice retreat. We demonstrate positive ice mass balance at all studied sites for the Little Ice Age, coinciding with the largest glacier advances in the Holocene between 1400 and 1850 CE. At the sites with records spanning over 2000 years, positive mass balance is also observed during the periods from 300 BCE to 100 CE and 600–800 CE. These subterranean ice deposits show widespread evidence of accelerated negative mass balances in recent years and their record is under imminent threat of disappearing.
Cytarabine-induced differentiation of AML cells depends on Chk1 activation and shares the mechanism with inhibitors of DHODH and pyrimidine synthesis
Authors: Tomic Barbara , Smoljo Tomislav , Lalic Hrvoje , Dembitz Vilma , Batinic Josip , Batinic Drago , Bedalov Antonio , Visnjic Dora 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by arrested differentiation making differentiation therapy a promising treatment strategy. Recent success of inhibitors of mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) invigorated interest in differentiation therapy of AML so that several new drugs have been proposed, including inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis. Cytarabine, a backbone of standard AML therapy, is known to induce differentiation at low doses, but the mechanism is not completely elucidated. We have previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) and brequinar, a DHODH inhibitor, induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) via pyrimidine depletion. In this study, using immunoblotting, flow cytometry analyses, pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic inactivation of Chk1 in myeloid leukemia cell lines, we show that low dose cytarabine induces differentiation by activating Chk1. In addition, cytarabine induces differentiation ex vivo in a subset of primary AML samples that are sensitive to AICAr and DHODH inhibitor. The results of our study suggest that leukemic cell differentiation stimulated by low doses of cytarabine depends on the activation of Chk1 and thus shares the same pathway as pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors.
New damage model for simulating radiation-induced direct damage to biomolecular systems and experimental validation using pBR322 plasmid
Authors: Park Jinhyung , Jung Kwang-Woo , Kim Min Kyu , Gwon Hui-Jeong , Jung Jong-Hyun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we proposed a new damage model for estimating radiation-induced direct damage to biomolecular systems and validated its the effectiveness for pBR322 plasmids. The proposed model estimates radiation-induced damage to biomolecular systems by: (1) simulation geometry modeling using the coarse-grained (CG) technique to replace the minimum repeating units of a molecule with a single bead, (2) approximation of the threshold energy for radiation damage through CG potential calculation, (3) calculation of cumulative absorption energy for each radiation event in microscopic regions of CG models using the Monte Carlo track structure (MCTS) code, and (4) estimation of direct radiation damage to biomolecular systems by comparing CG potentials and absorption energy. The proposed model replicated measured data with an average error of approximately 14.2% in the estimation of radiation damage to pBR322 plasmids using the common MCTS code Geant4-DNA. This is similar to the results of previous simulation studies. However, in existing damage models, parameters are adjusted based on experimental data to increase the reliability of simulation results, whereas in the proposed model, they can be determined without using empirical data. Because the proposed model proposed is applicable to DNA and various biomolecular systems with minimal experimental data, it provides a new method that is convenient and effective for predicting damage in living organisms caused by radiation exposure.
The evaluation of Bcftools mpileup and GATK HaplotypeCaller for variant calling in non-human species
Authors: Lefouili Messaoud , Nam Kiwoong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentification of genetic variations is a central part of population and quantitative genomics studies based on high-throughput sequencing data. Even though popular variant callers such as Bcftools mpileup and GATK HaplotypeCaller were developed nearly 10 years ago, their performance is still largely unknown for non-human species. Here, we showed by benchmark analyses with a simulated insect population that Bcftools mpileup performs better than GATK HaplotypeCaller in terms of recovery rate and accuracy regardless of mapping software. The vast majority of false positives were observed from repeats, especially for GATK HaplotypeCaller. Variant scores calculated by GATK did not clearly distinguish true positives from false positives in the vast majority of cases, implying that hard-filtering with GATK could be challenging. These results suggest that Bcftools mpileup may be the first choice for non-human studies and that variants within repeats might have to be excluded for downstream analyses.
Existence of weakly quasisymmetric magnetic fields without rotational transform in asymmetric toroidal domains
Authors: Sato Naoki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA quasisymmetry is a special symmetry that enhances the ability of a magnetic field to trap charged particles. Quasisymmetric magnetic fields may allow the realization of next generation fusion reactors (stellarators) with superior performance when compared with tokamak designs. Nevertheless, the existence of such magnetic configurations lacks mathematical proof due to the complexity of the governing equations. Here, we prove the existence of weakly quasisymmetric magnetic fields by constructing explicit examples. This result is achieved by a tailored parametrization of both magnetic field and hosting toroidal domain, which are optimized to fulfill quasisymmetry. The obtained solutions hold in a toroidal volume, are smooth, possess nested flux surfaces, are not invariant under continuous Euclidean isometries, have a non-vanishing current, exhibit a vanishing rotational transform, and fit within the framework of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics. Due to the vanishing rotational transform, these solutions are however not suitable for particle confinement.
A simulation of diffractive liquid crystal smart window for privacy application
Authors: Han Chan-Hee , Eo Hyeonseok , Choi Tae-Hoon , Kim Wook-Sung , Oh Seung-Won 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing a single substrate, we demonstrate a simple two-dimensional (2-D) phase grating cell with an octothorp electrode. Owing to the large spatial phase difference in any direction, the proposed grating cell has a high haze value in the opaque state (76.7%); Moreover, it has the advantages of a one-dimensional (1-D) phase grating cell, such as high fabricability, fast response time, and low operating voltage. Furthermore, the proposed grating cell has a faster response time than the 2-D grating cell (comparable to a 1-D grating cell). All the electro-optic parameters have been calculated using a commercial modeling tool. Consequently, we expect our proposed grating cell to find applications in virtual reality (VR)/augmented reality (AR) systems or window displays with fast response times.
Post-mortem evidence of a diverse distribution pattern of atherosclerosis in the South African population
Authors: van Rensburg Walter J. Janse 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality worldwide. The disease profile of CVD varies considerably between different demographic groups and socioeconomic status. Atherosclerosis remains a major risk factor for CVD, and thus, believed to be a good indicator of the CVD profile in a population, yet little is known on its prevalence in sub-Saharan African populations. We aimed to determine the prevalence of atherosclerosis in a diverse South African population as found with post-mortem investigations. A retrospective file-audit was done on 10,240 forensic post-mortem reports done at a forensic pathology mortuary in South Africa, over 10-years. European descent males had the highest prevalence, with roughly one-quarter having coronary artery (CA) or large vessel (LV) atherosclerosis. European descent females followed closely, with one-fifth of the population having CA atherosclerosis and approximately a quarter having LV atherosclerosis. African descent males and females had a substantially lower prevalence in atherosclerosis for both CAs and LVs than European descendants. The mixed-ancestry population had a slightly higher prevalence of atherosclerosis in CAs and LVs than in the African population; however, it was still far lower than the European group. Some deviations in prevalence were noted within certain groups over the course of 10-years. The substantial difference in prevalence of atherosclerosis shows that in our region a diverse distribution pattern between ethnic groups and genders is present. However, follow-up studies are required to elucidate aetiological factors in cardiovascular health in our region.
Spatio-temporal coupling controlled laser for electron acceleration
Authors: Wang Lu , Niedermayer Uwe , Ma Jingui , Liu Weihao , Zhang Dongfang , Qian Liejia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLimited by the difficulty in acceleration synchronization, it has been a long-term challenge for on-chip dielectric laser-based accelerators to bridge the gap between non-relativistic and relativistic regimes. Here, we propose a laser-based accelerators based on a spatio-temporal coupling controlled laser pulse, which enables the acceleration of a non-relativistic electron to a sub-MeV level in a single acceleration structure (chirped spatial grating). It provides high precision temporal and spatial tuning of the driving laser via dispersion manipulation, leading to a synchronous acceleration of the velocity increasing electrons over a large energy range. Additionally, the spatio-temporal coupling scheme is a general method and can be extended to driving fields of other wavelengths such as terahertz pulses. Our results bring possibilities to MeV-scale portable electron sources and table-top acceleration experiments.
Analysis for magnetic field disturbance of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) converter valve
Authors: Qi Lei , Wang Muxue , Zhang Xiangyu , Shen Hong , Wang Hongyu , Jiao Chongqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe standardised design and operational reliability enhancement of the flexible DC converter valve are impending with the construction of high shares of renewables and power electronics power system. A power frequency magnetic field calculation model able to obtain the electromagnetic disturbance at the submodule (SM) drive board during normal operation of a flexible DC converter valve is presented. Hundreds of SMs with complex structures in a converter valve tower are simplified by the equivalent to the line current to fulfil calculation accuracy requirements. In addition, a random function is employed to simulate the non‐sequential switching process of the SMs. By comparing the calculated results with the measured data obtained from the SM equivalent operation experiment of 2200 V/2150 A, the validity of the calculation model is confirmed. According to the final calculations, the influence of non‐sequential switching cannot be ignored when recognising the time‐domain distribution features of the power frequency magnetic field of the drive board. However, engineering design can be guided only by the power frequency magnetic field intensity of the drive board calculated based on SM’s full removal in the valve tower.