bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Rise of Disseminated Gonococcal Infections in California, July 2020–July 2021
Authors: Tang Eric C , Johnson Kelly A , Alvarado Lizzete , Burghardt Nicole O , Hernandez Cindy , Lopez Edwin , Jenkins-Barnes Tazima , Hughes Bryan , Salas Krysta L , Jacobson Kathleen R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
California has experienced an increase in reported cases of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Given significant morbidity associated with DGI and the ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to rapidly develop antibiotic resistance, characterization of these cases can inform diagnosis, management, and prevention of DGI.

Methods
As part of the public health response to increased reports of DGI, we used gonorrhea surveillance data reported to the California Department of Public Health to identify all DGI cases in a geographically-bound region. Standardized case report forms were used to collect epidemiologic risk factors and clinical information obtained from provider/laboratory reports, medical records, and patient interviews.

Results
From 1 July 2020 to 31 July 2021, we identified 149 DGI patients among 63 338 total gonorrhea infections, representing 0.24% of gonorrhea cases. Estimated incidence was 0.47 DGI cases per 100 000 person-years. Mean age of DGI patients was 40 years, and 75 (50%) were cisgender men, of whom only 13 were known to have male partners. Where reported, more than one-third (36%) used methamphetamine and nearly one-quarter (23%) experienced homelessness. Clinically, 61% lacked urogenital, pharyngeal, or rectal symptoms; 2 patients died in the hospital. Among 47 isolates from patients with antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results available, all were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefixime.

Conclusions
Most DGI patients lacked urogenital symptoms and were not among populations for which routine gonorrhea screening is currently recommended. Expanding gonorrhea screening might prevent DGI. Cefixime is likely the best option if transitioning from parenteral to oral therapy when AST results are unavailable.
Impact of Respiratory Infection and Chronic Comorbidities on Early Pediatric Antibiotic Dispensing in the United States
Authors: Kissler Stephen M , Wang Bill , Mehrotra Ateev , Barnett Michael , Grad Yonatan H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In the United States, children aged &lt;5 years receive high volumes of antibiotics, which may contribute to antibiotic resistance. It has been unclear what role preventable illnesses and chronic comorbidities play in prompting antibiotic prescriptions.

Methods
We conducted an observational study with a cohort of 124 759 children aged &lt;5 years born in the United States between 2008 and 2013 with private medical insurance. Study outcomes included the cumulative number of antibiotic courses dispensed per child by age 5 and the proportion of children for whom at least 1 antibiotic course was dispensed by age 5. We identified which chronic medical conditions predicted whether a child would be among the top 20% of antibiotic recipients.

Results
Children received a mean of 6.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7–6.9) antibiotic courses by age 5, and 91% (95% CI: 90%–92%) of children had received at least 1 antibiotic course by age 5. Most antibiotic courses (71%; 95% CI: 70%–72%) were associated with respiratory infections. Presence of a pulmonary/respiratory, otologic, and/or immunological comorbidity substantially increase a child's odds of being in the top 20% of antibiotic recipients. Children with at least 1 of these conditions received a mean of 10.5 (95% CI: 10.4–10.6) antibiotic courses by age 5.

Conclusions
Privately insured children in the United States receive many antibiotics early in life, largely due to respiratory infections. Antibiotic dispensing varies widely among children, with more antibiotics dispensed to children with pulmonary/respiratory, otologic, and/or immunological comorbidities.
China’s Multi-Front Institutional Strategies in International Development Finance
Authors: Wang Jue , Sampson Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
China has expressed its dissatisfaction with aspects of the international development finance regime for many years, related to issues such as its lack of voting power and an insufficient focus on infrastructure spending by traditional multilateral development banks. To address these dissatisfactions, China has utilised a range of approaches, from the application of pressure inside existing institutions, to building outside pressure in the form of using alternative institutions or creating new ones. But how has the combination and timing of these different measures impacted its success in ultimately securing reforms? Applying insights from the institutional choice literature, we find that China has pursued both inside and outside measures to try to secure its objectives in development finance with varying degrees of success. Simply combining these measures has been insufficient to secure success however. In cases where China has exerted internal leverage prior to utilising outside options, it has been the most successful. We conclude that combination and sequencing of these approaches is an under-appreciated factor in determining success of dissatisfied states in securing changes to institutions.
Potential Solutions for the Mitigation of Hip Injuries Caused by Falls in Older Adults: A Narrative Review
Authors: Tarbert Rebecca J , Zhou Junhong , Manor Brad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Hip injuries caused by falling are common and often catastrophic for older adults. There is thus an urgent need to develop solutions designed to mitigate fall injuries to the hip by reducing the forces created on the body by ground impact.

Methods
The goal of this narrative review was to synthesize published literature on available products developed with the expressed goal of reducing fall-related hip injuries.

Results
Three categories were identified: passive wearables (eg, hip protectors), active wearables (eg, instrumented belts with deployable airbags), and compliant flooring. Laboratory studies indicate that each technology can reduce peak forces induced by simulated falls. Considerable preliminary data suggest that passive wearables and compliant flooring may reduce fall-related injuries within long-term care facilities. Controlled trials of specific types of these 2 technologies, however, have produced inconsistent results. While little is known about the effectiveness of active wearables, promising early data indicate the feasibility of an instrumented belt worn around the waist to effectively deploy an airbag to protect the hips prior to ground impact. Important challenges associated with one or more identified technologies included poor adherence to instructed wear as well as the potential for significant physical or time burden to caregivers or health care professionals.

Conclusions
Passive wearables, active wearables, and compliant flooring have shown promise in reducing fall-related hip injuries in older adults. Still, each type of product is accompanied by limited real-world data and/or significant challenges that must be overcome to maximize effectiveness and minimize unintended side effects.
New archaeomagnetic directions from Late Neolithic sites in Shandong province, China
Authors: Wang Qingzhu , Gong Zheng , Victor Stephen K , Corolla Michael , Underhill Anne P , McIntosh Roderick J , Fang Hui , Ding Jikai , Zhao Yichao , Chen Xuexiang , Song Yanbo 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
Archaeomagnetism provides important constraints to help us understand the past behaviour of the geomagnetic field. For archaeologists, archaeomagnetic dating has become a potential supplement to traditional dating methods (e.g. radiocarbon dating). Although China has a long history with numerous archaeological discoveries, the collection of archaeomagnetic data remains scarce. In this paper, we provide new archaeomagnetic directions from four late Neolithic (c. 2000 BC) sites in Shandong province, China. After a careful characterization of magnetic mineralogy and a detailed alternating-field demagnetization of the oriented samples, a total of nine archaeomagnetic directions (each with both declinations and inclinations) were obtained, which fill the large gap at c. 2000 BC in the Chinese palaeomagnetic secular variation (PSV) curve. Combining these new results with previously published data, we updated the Chinese PSV curve for the last 7 kyr. We have compared the updated curve with several global geomagnetic models (e.g. pfm9k.1a, ARCH10k.1, CALS10k.1b). Comparisons show that the CALS10k.1b model does not yield a reasonable fit of the data, and the fit becomes worse for older intervals. This poor fit could be explained by the fact that the CALS10k.1b model consists of a large amount of sedimentary data. Therefore, the PSV pattern is difficult to determine due to the strong aliasing effect. On the contrary, the ARCH10k.1 model gives a much better fit than other models because its data are mostly from archaeological materials and the data are mainly from the Northern Hemisphere. The field intensity and PSV are potentially correlated, with a weak field corresponding to an enhanced PSV. However, due to the lack of data for certain time intervals, the proposed correlations need to be further tested. To explore if PSV exhibits longitudinal symmetric or latitudinal antisymmetric patterns like those of the geocentric-axial-dipole (GAD) model, we compiled and compared data from three East Asia countries (China, Korea and Japan) and from four areas (East Asia, North America, Europe and the Middle East, and Australia and New Zealand) of which the latitudes are between 30° and 40°. In the East Asia region, the PSV patterns shown in each data set are consistent because of the geographic proximity of these three countries. However, when comparing the PSV curves from the four global areas, we suggest a potential declinational minimum between 0 AD and 2000 AD. Although further confirmation and investigation are needed, this declination minimum could be diachronous, sweeping from East Asia to Australia and New Zealand, and then North America. Future studies should focus on adding more reliable and precisely dated data to better delineate the PSV trends. Archaeomagnetic dating is promising when a PSV curve can be continuously reconstructed.
Gravity and magnetic fast inversion method with cross-gradient based on function fitting
Authors: Li Zongrui , Ma Guoqing , Meng Qingfa , Wang Taihan , Li Lili 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
The underground density and magnetic susceptibility structure obtained by cross-gradient inversion of gravity and magnetic data can provide an important basis for the evaluation of mineral resource potential. The inversion is realized by discretizing the subsurface into a series of cells and calculating the physical properties of each cell. This restricts the application in the inversion of large-area data because of the large memory usage and low computational efficiency owing to the large solution matrix. We proposed a high-efficiency cross-gradient inversion method of gravity and magnetic data based on function fitting, which uses a parametrized function to fit the physical properties of the central points of a number of cells in certain space based on the assumption that the physical property in each cell is uniform in the inversion. Therefore, the calculation of physical properties is replaced by the calculation of function coefficients. The number of cells that can be fitted by a function is more than the number of function coefficients. Thus, the new method requires less memory and can improve computational efficiency. In addition, with the function fitting method, the gradient terms can be directly obtained by the function coefficients instead of using the traditional central difference or multipoint fitting method, which could further improve the computational efficiency. The effectiveness and high computational efficiency of the proposed method were verified by model tests, and the accuracy of the inversion results was not lower than that of the traditional inversion method. We also proved that the proposed method is suitable for uniform hexahedral and unstructured tetrahedral cells. The real application area is located in eastern China and contains skarn-type magnetite deposits, which are characterized by high density and high magnetic susceptibility. The proposed method was used to obtain subsurface high-resolution density and magnetic susceptibility structures. We obtained the distribution range of mineral resources based on the ratio of density to magnetic susceptibility, which provides an important basis for further exploration. The model tests and real data applications show that the proposed method is more suitable for large-scale precise inversion and has better practicability.
The identification of the Rosa S-locus provides new insights into the breeding and wild origins of continuous-flowering roses
Authors: Kawamura Koji , Ueda Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Shogo , Horibe Takanori , Otagaki Shungo , Wang Li , Wang Guoliang , Hibrand-Saint Oyant Laurence , Foucher Fabrice , Linde Marcus , Debener Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aims to: (i) identify the Rosa S-locus controlling self-incompatibility (SI); (ii) test the genetic linkage of the S-locus with other loci controlling important ornamental traits, such as the continuous-flowering (CF) characteristic; (iii) identify the S-alleles (SC) of old Chinese CF cultivars (e.g, Old Blush, Slater’s Crimson China) and examine the changes in the frequency of cultivars with Sc through the history of breeding; (iv) identify wild species carrying the Sc-alleles to infer wild origins of CF cultivars. We identified a new S-RNase (SC2) of Rosa chinensis in a contig from a genome database that has not been integrated into one of the seven chromosomes yet. Genetic mapping indicated that SC2 is allelic to the previously-identified S-RNase (SC1) in chromosome 3. Pollination experiments with half-compatible pairs of roses confirmed that they are the pistil-determinant of SI. The segregation analysis of an F1-population indicated genetic linkage between the S-locus and the floral repressor gene KSN. The non-functional allele ksn is responsible for the CF characteristic. A total of five S-alleles (SC1–5) were identified from old CF cultivars. The frequency of cultivars with SC dramatically increased after the introgression of ksn from Chinese to European cultivars and remains high (80%) in modern cultivars, suggesting that S-genotyping is helpful for effective breeding. Wild individuals carrying SC were found in Rosa multiflora (SC1), Rosa chinensis var. spontanea (SC3), and Rosa gigantea (SC2, SC4), supporting the hypothesis of hybrid origins of CF cultivars and providing a new evidence for the involvement of Rosa multiflora.
Investigating a possible causal relationship between maternal serum urate concentrations and offspring birthweight: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Decina Caitlin S , Hopkins Rhian , Bowden Jack , Shields Beverly M , Lawlor Deborah A , Warrington Nicole M , Evans David M , Freathy Rachel M , Beaumont Robin N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Higher urate levels are associated with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adults, and in pregnancy with lower offspring birthweight. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses suggest a causal effect of higher urate on higher SBP and of higher maternal SBP on lower offspring birthweight. If urate causally reduces birthweight, it might confound the effect of SBP on birthweight. We therefore tested for a causal effect of maternal urate on offspring birthweight.

Methods
We tested the association between maternal urate levels and offspring birthweight using multivariable linear regression in the Exeter Family Study of Childhood Health (EFSOCH; n = 872) and UK Biobank (UKB; n = 133 187). We conducted two-sample MR to test for a causal effect of maternal urate [114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); n = 288 649 European ancestry] on offspring birthweight (n = 406 063 European ancestry; maternal SNP effect estimates adjusted for fetal effects). We assessed a causal relationship between urate and SBP using one-sample MR in UKB women (n = 199 768).

Results
Higher maternal urate was associated with lower offspring birthweight with similar confounder-adjusted magnitudes in EFSOCH [22 g lower birthweight per 1-SD higher urate (95% CI: –50, 6); P = 0.13] and UKB [–28 g (95% CI: –31, –25); P = 1.8 × 10–75]. The MR causal effect estimate was directionally consistent, but smaller [–11 g (95% CI: –25, 3); PIVW = 0.11]. In women, higher urate was causally associated with higher SBP [1.7 mmHg higher SBP per 1-SD higher urate (95% CI: 1.4, 2.1); P = 7.8 × 10–22], consistent with that previously published in women and men.

Conclusion
The marked attenuation of the MR result of maternal urate on offspring birthweight compared with the multivariable regression result suggests previous observational associations may be confounded. The 95% CIs of the MR result included the null but suggest a possible small effect on birthweight. Maternal urate levels are unlikely to be an important contributor to offspring birthweight.
Predictors of Electroconvulsive Therapy Outcome in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Su Liang , Zhang Yi , Jia Yuping , Sun Junfeng , Mellor David , Yuan Ti-Fei , Xu Yifeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. However, few clinical predictors are available to predict the treatment outcome. This study aimed to characterize the response trajectories of MDD patients undergoing ECT treatment and to identify potential clinical and demographic predictors for clinical improvement.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis on data from a multicenter, randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 ECT modalities (bifrontal, bitemporal, unilateral). The sample consisted of 239 patients whose demographic and clinical characteristics were investigated as predictors of ECT outcomes.ResultsThe results of growth mixture modeling suggested there were 3 groups of MDD patients: a non-remit group (n = 17, 7.11%), a slow-response group (n = 182, 76.15%), and a rapid-response group (n = 40, 16.74%). Significant differences in age, education years, treatment protocol, types of medication used, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and Clinical Global Impression score at baseline were observed across the groups.ConclusionsMDD patients exhibited distinct and clinically relevant response trajectories to ECT. The MDD patients with more severe depression at baseline are associated with a rapid response trajectory. In contrast, MDD patients with severe symptoms and older age are related to a less response trajectory. These clinical predictors may help guide treatment selection.
A draft reference genome of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, for conservation genomics
Authors: Griffiths Joanna S , Sahasrabudhe Ruta M , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Chumchim Noravit , Nguyen Oanh H , Beraut Eric , Escalona Merly , Whitehead Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, are herbivorous marine gastropods that primarily feed on kelp. They are the largest and longest-lived of abalone species with a range distribution in North America from central Oregon, United States, to Baja California, MEX. Recently, red abalone have been in decline as a consequence of overharvesting, disease, and climate change, resulting in the closure of the commercial fishery in the 1990s and the recreational fishery in 2018. Protecting this ecologically and economically important species requires an understanding of their current population dynamics and connectivity. Here, we present a new red abalone reference genome as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). Following the CCGP genome strategy, we used Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and Dovetail Omni-C data to generate a scaffold-level assembly. The assembly comprises 616 scaffolds for a total size of 1.3 Gb, a scaffold N50 of 45.7 Mb, and a BUSCO complete score of 97.3%. This genome represents a significant improvement over a previous assembly and will serve as a powerful tool for investigating seascape genomic diversity, local adaptation to temperature and ocean acidification, and informing management strategies.
Does reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composite (APC) have surgical benefits over hemiarthroplasty with APC in patients with tumors of the proximal humerus?
Authors: Han Jian , Kim Wan Lim , Kim Yongsung , Cho Hwan Seong , Oh Joo Han 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The research on surgical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using allograft-prosthesis composites for the proximal humeral oncologic condition is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare surgical outcomes of shoulder joint reconstruction with hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using allograft-prosthesis composites for tumors of the proximal humerus.

Methods
Eleven patients underwent hemiarthroplasty or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using allograft-prosthesis composites for tumors of the proximal humerus between July 2011 and April 2018 were reviewed. Radiographic analysis for bone union of allograft-host bone junction, implant loosening, stress shielding and shoulder dislocation or subluxation was performed. Functional outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scales for pain, range of motion, Simple Shoulder Test score and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score. Furthermore, oncologic outcome and complications were also assessed, respectively.

Results
There were five patients with hemiarthroplasty (mean age, 23.2 years) and six patients with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (mean age, 46.8 years, P = 0.05). Radiographically, there were no events associated with implant loosening, stress shielding and shoulder dislocation or subluxation in the two groups. There were no differences in functional outcomes between the two groups. There was no local recurrence in entire cohort. In the hemiarthroplasty group, one patient was required revision surgery to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty at postoperative 6 years due to rotator cuff dysfunction. In the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty group, one patient showed the fracture occurred at allograft-host bone junction at postoperative 6 months.

Conclusions
Surgical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composites were not inferior to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty when applied in properly selected patients. The authors recommended that hemiarthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composites could be used for young age patients without glenoid metastasis involvement, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composites could be used for patients with old age or metastatic bone tumors.