bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Randomised Study between Bupivacaine with Clonidine and Ropivacaine with Clonidine Used Caudally for Postopertaive Analgesia in Paediatric Hypospadias Surgery
Authors: Shatalwar Aditi , Bhalerao Nikhil , Jadhav Jui , Wanjari Dnyanshree , Landge Suhas , Taksande Karuna 
Published: January 2022

Background: This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the caudal epidural clonidine when mixed with ropivacaine and bupivacaine in prolonging postoperative analgesia in children of Indian genotype undergoing hypospadias surgery, as well as compare the intraoperative haemodynamics using caudal bupivacaine with clonidine vs ropivacaine with clonidine. The study was also aimed at studying the side effects and the duration of post-operative pain relief of bupivacaine with clonidine v/s ropivacaine with clonidine.
Methods: This is a prospective randomised comparative study that was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology, KEM Hospital, Pune, over 12 months (from October 2016 to September 2017), among 56 children having an ASA Grade of II, aged between 1 to 8 years admitted for hypospadias surgery. The data gathered was cleaned using Microsoft Excel, before statistical analysis was done.
Results: It was observed that caudal epidural analgesic duration was more in the bupivacaine clonidine group than in the ropivacaine clonidine group. The sedation score was higher at the second hour in the bupivacaine clonidine group. The HR and mean arterial pressure values were found to be notably higher in the ropivacaine clonidine group than those in the bupivacaine clonidine group. Intraoperatively and postoperatively, there was a decrease in pulse rate and MAP but at no time did the value reach the criteria for intervention. Other side effects like postoperative vomiting, nausea, motor blockade, respiratory distress not observed in any group.
Conclusion: Bupivacaine 0.25 % 0.5 ml per kg with clonidine 1 microgram / kg via caudal route increased the duration of postoperative analgesia with no adverse effects as compared to ropivacaine 0.25 % with clonidine 1 microgram/ kg. Hence clonidine is more efficient in increasing postoperative analgesia when added with Bupivacaine as compared to ropivacaine in Indian genotype in hypospadias surgery.
Investigation of 2D Boridene from First Principles and Experiments
Authors: Helmer Pernilla , Halim Joseph , Zhou Jie , Mohan Roopathy , Wickman Björn , Björk Jonas , Rosen Johanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, a 2D metal boride – boridene – has been experimentally realized in the form of single‐layer molybdenum boride sheets with ordered metal vacancies, through selective etching of the nanolaminated 3D parent borides (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlB2 and (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlB2. The chemical formula of the boridene was suggested to be Mo4/3B2‐xTz, where Tz denotes surface terminations. Here, the termination composition and material properties of Mo4/3B2‐xTz from both theoretical and experimental perspectives are investigated. Termination sites are considered theoretically for termination species T = O, OH, and F, and the energetically favored termination configuration is identified at z = 2 for both single species terminations and binary termination mixes of different stoichiometries in ordered and disordered configurations. Mo4/3B2‐xTz is shown to be dynamically stable for multiple termination stoichiometries, displaying semiconducting, semimetallic, or metallic behavior depending on how different terminations are combined. The approximate chemical formula of a freestanding film of boridene is attained as Mo1.33B1.9O0.3(OH)1.5F0.7 from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis which, within error margins, is consistent with the theoretical results. Finally, metallic and additive‐free Mo4/3B2‐xTz shows high catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with an onset potential of 0.15 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.
Diaminobenzene Dihydroiodide‐MA0.6FA0.4PbI3−xClx Unsymmetrical Perovskites with over 22% Efficiency for High Stability Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Jin , Wang Hao , Li Yiming , Zhang Fanghui , Zhang Dan , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract2D perovskites exhibit limited charge transfer and a stable unsymmetrical structure. Hence, a 2D perovskite solar cell (PSC) is more stable but less efficient than a 3D PSC. An effective combination of good stability and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) is desirable in PSCs. A novel diaminobenzene dihydroiodide‐MA0.6FA0.4PbI3−xClx analogous 2D unsymmetrical perovskite is designed to further enhance PSC performance. The two amino groups of diaminobenzene dihydroiodide (DD) function similarly as the amino groups of methylammonium and formamidinium ions. Therefore, diaminobenzene dihydroiodide can replace methylammonium and formamidinium and create better bonding interaction with the lead trihalide. The analogous 2D unsymmetrical perovskite not only possesses sufficient charge transfer but also exhibits high stability with an appropriate incorporation of DD. Noticeably, the champion device shows a PCE of 22.34%, setting a new record for an MAPbI3−xClx based PSC. The thermal, illumination, and environmental stability is enhanced by 20%–30%. The improved PCE and stability is attributed to better charge transfer and stable structure.
Ice‐Templated, Sustainable Carbon Aerogels with Hierarchically Tailored Channels for Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Zhen , Eloi Jean‐Charles , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Eichhorn Stephen J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are prospective candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems cause of their abundant resources. However, unsatisfactory rate and cycling performance of carbon‐based anodes present a bottleneck for the applications of SIBs/PIBs due to the large sizes of sodium/potassium ions. Herein, oxygen‐doped vertically aligned carbon aerogels (VCAs) with hierarchically tailored channels are synthesized as anodes in SIBs/PIBs via a controllable unidirectional ice‐templating technique. VCA‐3 (cooling rate of 3 K min−1) delivers the highest reversible capacity of ≈298 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with an excellent cycling performance over 2000 cycles at 0.5 C for SIBs, while VCA‐5 manifests a superior capacity of ≈258 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with an 82.7% retention over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C for PIBs. Moreover, their full cells demonstrate the promising potential of VCAs in applications. This novel controllable ice‐templating strategy opens unique avenues to tune the construction of hollow aligned channels for shortening ion‐transport pathways and ensuring structural integrity. New insights into structure‐performance correlations regulated by the cooling rates of an ice‐templating strategy and design guidelines for electrodes applicable in multiple energy storage technologies are reported.
Revisiting Charge Storage Mechanism of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitor beyond the Contribution of Oxygen‐Containing Groups
Authors: Xu Hai , He Wenjie , Li Zhiwei , Chi Jiaxiang , Jiang Jiangming , Huang Kangsheng , Li Shulong , Sun Gengzhi , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, developing matchable cathode materials of Zn ion hybrid capacitor still remains difficult owing to insufficient understanding of the charge storage behavior. However, most previous efforts are devoted to explain the effect of oxygen‐containing groups without paying attention to graphitic structure. Herein, the charge storage capability and electrochemical kinetics of reduce graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets are optimized as a function of their surface properties. Beyond the contribution of oxygen‐containing groups, an extra contribution from the reversible adsorption/desorption of H+ on carbon atom of rGO sheets is confirmed. Electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that H+ induces disruption of π cloud in aromatic domain, accompanied by C sp2‐sp3 re‐hybridization and the distortion/restoration of graphitic structure. The optimal electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 245 F g‐1 at 0.5 A g‐1 with 53% retention at 20 A g‐1 is achieved for rGO thermally treated at 200 °C. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the 3D printed rGO electrode delivers a high areal capacitance of 1011 mF cm‐2 and an energy density of 266 μWh cm‐2. The study is believed to broaden the horizons of proton adsorption chemistry and shed light on the design of novel electrode materials.
Modulation of Brønsted and Lewis Acid Centers for NixCo3−xO4 Spinel Catalysts: Towards Efficient Catalytic Conversion of Lignin
Authors: Qi Yi , Xiao Xin , Mei Yuqing , Xiong Lingyingzi , Chen Liheng , Lin Xuliang , Lin Zhan , Sun Shirong , Han Bing , Yang Dongjie , Qin Yanlin , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRational design and construction of catalysts with regulable active sites for selective cleavage of lignin to produce aromatic monomers remain challenging. Herein, the authors report a new strategy for tuning the active sites of tetrahedral centers (Lewis acid sites) and octahedral centers (Brønsted acid sites) in NixCo3−xO4 through tailoring the non‐stoichiometric ratio of Ni and Co. The ratio of Ni and Co is experimentally optimized for the optimal acidic activity of catalytic cracking of lignin when x = 0.2. The Ni0.2Co2.8O4 catalysts achieve an outstanding catalytic conversion (up to 81 wt%) for the lignin cleavage and excellent selective cleavage into aromatic monomers (up to 90.30 wt%), which is mainly attributed to the optimized electron rearrangement, adjustable active sites, and synergistic effect between these two active sites. This work provides a new concept to rationally design solid acid catalysts for the efficient conversion of lignin.
Understanding Structure–Function Relationships of Nanoadjuvants for Enhanced Cancer Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Tan Jia , Ding Binbin , Teng Bo , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdjuvant, as an important part of vaccines, can observably enhance the magnitude, breadth and durability of immune responses. Nanoadjuvants, as novel vaccine adjuvants, have shown unique advantages and broad application prospects. This review focuses on nanoadjuvants and their structure–function relationships as well as cancer therapy applications. First, different kinds of adjuvants are first introduced and organic/inorganic adjuvants are emphatically listed. Second, the mechanisms of adjuvants are expounded, covering reservoir effect, stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) maturity, enhancing antigen uptake/cross‐presentation, activating complement and inducing cytokines/chemokines release. Next, the methods to evaluate immune effects of adjuvants, including expressions of antigen presenting/costimulatory molecules, detections of T lymphocytes subtypes, antigen‐specific antibodies and cytokine secretion, are summarized. Then the authors emphatically focus on the structure–function relationships of nanoadjuvants, exploring the influence of the size, surface charge, surface ligand, aperture, morphology, and aspect ratio on the immune activities. Finally, the authors briefly discuss the safety of adjuvants and present some representative advances of nanoadjuvants in tumor immunotherapy, photothermal immunotherapy, photodynamic immunotherapy, sonodynamic immunotherapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy/immunotherapy, chemodynamic immunotherapy and multiple therapies. They hope this review can provide comprehensive understanding and broaden the scopes of nanoadjuvants, thus pave the way to the translation from bench to bedside in the future.
Carboxylate‐Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Enables Catalytic N‐Formylation Using Ambient CO2
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Li Hu , Yang Song 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCatalytic upgrading of CO2 into value‐added chemicals to build the excess carbon cycle is of great significance. In this work, carboxylate‐functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework (F‐ZIF‐90) with good crystallinity and porosity is constructed from ZIF‐90 and employed as a robust heterogeneous catalyst to boost the reductive N‐functionalization of various amines with CO2 to furnish N‐formyl compounds (up to 99% yield) in the presence of PhSiH3 under an ambient environment. The imidazole carboxylate species (COO‐) can not only activate hydrosilane and CO2 to form the key intermediate formoxysliane but also activate amines to participate in the N‐formylation reaction to obtain the target product. Moreover, it can enhance the catalyst capture and exchange ability toward ambient CO2. The powerful adsorption capacity of the F‐ZIF‐90 catalyst toward CO2 is conducive to elevating CO2 concentration around the active species. Theoretical calculations show that the carboxylate‐mediated conversion path undergoes the transition state of hydrosilane activation with a relatively lower energy barrier (ΔG = 26.9 kcal mol–1). F‐ZIF‐90 exhibits good thermochemical stability with no obvious activity attenuation after repeated use 5 times. This strategy opens a new avenue based on ZIFs to develop heterogeneous catalysts for reductive upgrading of CO2.
Magnesium Substitution in Ni‐Rich NMC Layered Cathodes for High‐Energy Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Gomez‐Martin Aurora , Reissig Friederike , Frankenstein Lars , Heidbüchel Marcel , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Schmuch Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNi‐rich LiNi1−x−yMnxCoyO2 (NMC) layered oxides are promising cathode materials for high‐energy density lithium ion batteries but suffer from severe capacity fading upon cycling. Elemental substitution (= doping) with Mg has repeatedly attracted attention in NMC materials to overcome instability problems at reasonable cost, yet rational compositional tuning is needed to guarantee sufficient cycle life without compromising energy density on the material level. Herein, a series of Mg‐substituted NMC materials with 90 mol% Ni are investigated regarding key performance metrics in NMC || graphite full‐cells benchmarked against LiNi0.80Mn0.10Co0.10O2 and LiNi0.90Mn0.05Co0.05O2 synthetized using the same co‐precipitation route. A linear correlation between cycle life and attainable gravimetric capacities is demonstrated, which are directly influenced by the degree of Mg substitution and the amount of Li+ cycled upon (de‐)lithiation processes. A Mg content <2 mol% should be considered to take notable benefit from the increase in Ni content from 80 to 90 mol% to achieve a higher energy density. The present study highlights the importance of evaluating the true implications of elemental substitution on cell performance and is expected to be an insightful guideline for the future development of NMC‐type cathode materials in particular with high Ni and low Co content.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products by Adjusting the Local Reaction Environment with Polymer Binders
Authors: Pham Thi Ha My , Zhang Jie , Li Mo , Shen Tzu‐Hsien , Ko Youngdon , Tileli Vasiliki , Luo Wen , Züttel Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe activity and selectivity of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are often hindered by the limited access of CO2 to the catalyst surface and overtaken by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, it is revealed that polymers used as catalyst binders can effectively modulate the accessibility of CO2 relative to H2O at the vicinity of the catalyst and thus the performance of CO2RR. Three polymers with different hydrophilicities (i.e., polyacrylic acid (PAA), Nafion, and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)) are selected as binders for Cu catalysts. At a thickness of only ≈1.2 nm, these binders strongly affect the activity and selectivity toward multi‐carbon (C2+) products. The FEP coated catalyst exhibits a C2+ partial current density of over 600 mA cm−2 with ≈77% faradaic efficiency at −0.76 V versus RHE. This high performance is attributed to the hydrophobic (aerophilic) properties of FEP, which reduces the local concentration of H2O and enhances that of the reactant (i.e., CO2) and the reaction intermediates (i.e., CO). These findings suggest that tuning the hydrophobicity of electrocatalysts with polymer binders can be a promising way to regulate the performance of electrochemical reactions involving gas–solid–liquid interfaces.
Paternal genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma: A Y‐chromosomal STR study
Authors: Halilović Emir , Ahmić Adisa , Kalajdžić Abdurahim , Ismailović Anel , Čakar Jasmina , Lasić Lejla , Pilav Amela , Džehverović Mirela , Pojskić Naris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesStudies indicate the complex nature of the genetic structure of the European Roma which has been shaped by different effects of their demographic history, while preserving their ancestral Indian origin. The primary aims of this study were to present for the first time the paternal profiles of the Roma from Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the data from Y‐chromosome STR loci, identify the components of non‐Roma paternal gene flow into the Roma, and evaluate the genetic relationships with other European Roma populations.Materials and methodsIn this study, 110 DNA samples of unrelated males from Roma populations residing in different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were genotyped using the 23 Y‐STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y23 system.ResultsThe analysis of the genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma revealed intra‐country population substructuring and indicated differing genetic affinities between the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma and other European Roma populations. The paternal genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma has two components: an ancestral component represented by haplogroup H1a1a‐M82, and European component presented by haplogroups I1‐M253, I2a1a2b‐L621, J2a1a‐L26, J2a1a1a2b2a3~Z7671, J2b2a‐M241, G2a2b2a1a1b‐L497, and E1b1b‐M215.ConclusionGenetic relations between the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma and other European Roma are shaped by different influences on their demographic history. The data suggest that the paternal gene pool of the Roma from Bosnia and Herzegovina might be a consequence of an early separation of the proto‐Roma population and the later gene flow as well as factors of the isolation that accompany the Roma populations in some Bosnian‐Herzegovinian regions.
Modification and acidification of polysulfone as effective strategies to enhance adsorptive ability of chromium (VI) and separation properties of ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Huang Zheng‐Qing , Cai Wei , Zhang Zhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the hydropilicity, polysulfone was first modified by grafting diethanolamine and further made into the ultrafiltration membranes by a phase inversion process. Ultrafiltration membranes were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, adsorption, and ultrafiltration experiments. The ultrafiltration membrane containing tertiary amine groups had a 99.2% rejection to bovine serum albumin (BSA), 235.2 L m−2 h−1 pure water flux and 78.6% flux recovery rate. Usually, the ultrafiltration membrane containing tertiary amine groups has a low rejection and a poor adsorptive ability to Cr(VI) in the neutral condition. A novel strategy of acidification in advance was adopted to adjust the separation performance of the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane containing tertiary amine groups. The pre‐acidification strategy could improve the Cr(VI) rejection from below 10% to 100% in the neutral condition, since ultrafiltration membranes acidified in advance did not lose its H+ in storage. Moreover, the acidification could improve the glass transition temperature and only caused a slight decrease of water flux and BSA rejection.
Detoxification mechanisms of a combination of Semen Strychni and Radix Glycyrrhizae: A comparative analyses of differences in toxicokinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration of Semen Strychni‐Radix Glycyrrhizae decoction
Authors: Guo Yuyan , Gao Tao , Li Chuncheng , Guo Qiaoxin , Sun Shuang , Yang Dayu , Fang Fang , Lü Shaowa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the detoxification effect of a combination of Radix Glycyrrhizae (GU) and Semen Strychni (SN) from toxicokinetics and drug tissue distribution perspectives, decoctions of processed SN and codecoction of SN and GU (SGN) were prepared, and an HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method was developed to monitor the severe exposure level in 1‐month toxicokinetics and tissue distribution experiments to detect brucine and strychnine in rats. The toxicokinetic characteristics and tissue distribution before and after the addition of GU were analyzed. The method was successfully applied to evaluate the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution before and after the combination of SN and GU. The results show that GU decreased the blood concentration of toxic components in SN, and a double peak was observed in the drug time curve. The results of tissue distribution show that a combination of GU and SN significantly decreased the accumulation of toxic substances in metabolic organs and accelerated the clearance of toxic substances in the brain. These results provide a reference for the toxicity reduction mechanism of GU combined with SN.
The Triangle Suture for Membrane Fixation in Guided Bone Regeneration Procedures: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Johnson Thomas M. , Vargas Sarah M. , Wagner Jennah C. , Lincicum Adam R. , Stancoven Brian W. , Lancaster Douglas D. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionExisting evidence supports superior treatment outcomes in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures employing membrane fixation. The purpose of this report is to present a specific flap design and suturing method for stabilizing GBR barrier membranes.Case PresentationTwo generally healthy patients received GBR using native collagen membranes stabilized with absorbable sutures. In both cases, we fixed barrier membranes apically using “triangle” sutures. Sling sutures (Case 1) or triangle sutures (Case 2) secured the crestal and palatal aspects of the membranes. No postoperative complications occurred, and both sites exhibited favorable alveolar ridge volume for implant placement.ConclusionsThe described triangle suture technique reliably stabilized GBR barrier membranes without the need for fixation hardware. Compared with suturing methods that limit graft volume and apply pressure over the grafted area, the triangle suture may offer clinical advantages.
Comparative Study of Two Identical Industrial Digesters Using Radiotracer‐Based Residence Time Distribution Measurement
Authors: Sheoran Meenakshi , Chandra Avinash , Gautam Arvind Kumar , Arya Raj Kumar , Bhunia Haripada , Pant Harish J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRadiotracer‐based residence time distribution (RTD) measurements were performed for two identical wheat straw pulping digesters to evaluate and compare their performances. The radiotracer technetium (99mTc) as sodium pertechnetate was used to follow the liquid phase inside the digester. The product quality of both digesters was not identical for similar sets of operating conditions. Temperature, pressure, and mass flow rates were the influencing parameters, and the experimental and theoretical mean residence time (MRT) were compared. A significant amount of flow abnormalities was observed in the second digester as compared to the first one, including channeling, dead volume, scaling, and bypassing. The axial dispersion model and tank in series with the back‐mixing model were suitable for modeling the obtained RTD data.