bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computerized Tomographic Patterns of Intracranial Tumors in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Suleiman , Ibinaiye Phillip Oluleke , Chom Nuhu Dung , Jimoh Abdullahi , Ibrahim Muhammed Zaria , Kingsley Okafor Emeka 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Brain tumors are among the most challenging disorders encountered worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for the management of these tumors. Different patterns of distribution of intracranial tumors have been described in various regions of the world, with previous reports in Africa suggesting that brain tumors were uncommon. This relative rarity has been attributed to low detection due to lack of neurosurgical and advanced neuroimaging facilities previously, a limitation that has now been gradually surmounted with the establishment of neurosurgical and more advanced radiological facilities on the continent.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to describe the current pattern of intracranial tumors on computed tomography (CT) scan seen in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria, Northwest Nigeria.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of CT images of 60 patients of all age groups diagnosed with brain tumors between January 2015 and December 2019. The CT scans of the brain were performed using General Electric Hi-Speed NX/i dual-slice CT scanner (Germany). The age, sex, diagnosis using the WHO histological, and the pattern on CT were recorded, and data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0, ARMONK, NY, USA 2013. Only cases with conclusive histology diagnosis were analyzed. This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the ABUTH, Zaria (approval Number ABUTH/HREC/M36/2015), on January 23, 2015, before commencement.

Results:
In the 60 cases of brain tumors studied, patients' age range was 6 months–65 years, with a peak in the fourth and fifth decades of life (accounting for 38.3%). The mean age was 33.04 years ± 17.73 standard deviation. There was equal occurrence among males and females. About 96.7% of the tumors were primary and 3.7% secondary tumors; meningioma (MEN) (45%) was the most common tumor seen. About 45% of the cases were extra-axial, while 55% were intra-axial. Most (81.67%) of the tumors were located in the supratentorial region, while 18.33% were infratentorial. Headache (75%) and visual impairment (53.3%) were the most frequent clinical presentations.

Conclusion:
MEN was the most common tumor type seen in this study. This corroborates most studies in Nigeria and other African countries but contradicts some studies among Caucasians that showed glioma to be more common. This affirms that racial factors and environmental influence could have significant effects on the pattern of diseases. The results of this study will provide useful data on the pattern of brain tumors in this environment.
Brain Computed Tomographic Pattern and Clinical Presentation of Patients with Hypertensive Haemorrhagic Stroke at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Jibo Umar , Saleh Mohammed Kabir , Tabari Abdulkadir Musa , Ismail Anas , Yahuza Mansur Adamu , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed , Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Sidi Mohammed , Kazaure Idris Sule 
Published: August 2022

Background:Stroke or cerebrovascular disease is a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global neurological deficits lasting more than 24 h or leading to death with no apparent cause other than a vascular origin.Study Aims:This study was aimed at evaluating pattern and clinical presentation of hemorrhagic stroke on brain Computed Tomography (CT) scan in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:This was a prospective study carried out between March 2018 and August 2018 on brain computed tomographic findings of 100 patients diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Human Research and Ethics Committee of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Images were acquired using Prime Aquilion Toshiba Japan 2012 160 slice CT machine in the Department of Radiology. The patients' information and CT findings were recorded on the data capture sheet.Results:Headache was the most common clinical presentation seen in 72% of the patients, followed by dysphasia seen in 58%, followed by vomiting seen in 42%, and the least was convulsion seen in 28% of the patients. The most common site of hematoma was putamen with 54%, followed by thalamus 14%, and the least regions affected were parietal lobe, pons, and frontal lobes with 4% each.Conclusion:Headache was the most common clinical presentation of the patients with hemorrhagic stroke and the most common site of the hematoma was putamen.
Plain Chest Radiographic Findings Among COVID-19 Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nzeh Donald Amasike , Kolade-Yunusa Hadijat Oluseyi , Shalangwa Ibrahim , Ekele Bisallah Ahmed , Anumah Felicia , Isaac Udugh , Ogbonyomi Paul , Yunusa Thairu , Kwaghe Vivian Gga , Habib Zaiyad , Akor Alexander Agada , Bawa Anthony , Adebayo Francis , Idoko Godwin , Akintola Olusegun 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic that is ravaging the world. Chest imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19-related chest infections. This study determined the pattern of chest radiographic features among confirmed COVID-19 patients in Abuja, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Chest radiographs (CXR) of COVID-19 patients were reviewed, and the radiological features of the lesions were recorded based on the type of opacities, pattern of distribution in the lung fields, side of lesions, and severity of pulmonary abnormalities.

Results:
The radiographs of 77 patients were analyzed. Their age range was 15–88 years with a mean of 47.4 years and peak age group of 51–60 years. Gender distribution of the patients was 58 (75.3%) males and 19 (24.7%) females giving a male-to-female ratio of 3.1: 1. Fifty-five (71.4%) of the patients had normal CXRs, whereas 22 (28.6%) patients had abnormal pulmonary appearances. Seven (58.3%) out of 12 patients with mild interstitial pneumonia had unilateral disease, whereas 5 (41.7%) had bilateral disease. Combined total of ten patients with moderate and severe interstitial pneumonia all had bilateral disease.

Conclusion:
Plain CXR gives reliable diagnosis about the presence and degree of interstitial pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. CXR should be routinely done as a baseline diagnostic tool in patients positive for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test. The findings in the CXRs of COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa are similar to those reported from the other parts of the world.
Depreciação na organização pública: estudo sobre os procedimentos adotados em entidades da administração federal em Porto Velho - RO
Authors: Da Silva Neto José Moreira , Greco Rosilene Locks , Melo Ralline Malala Rodrigues , de Azevedo Rozenildo Silva 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo objetiva identificar os procedimentos de Depreciação de bens móveis de acordo com as novas abordagens introduzidas na Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público no Brasil, em decorrência da necessidade de harmonização internacional dos procedimentos contábeis. Segundo Silva (2002) um dos objetivos da Contabilidade do Setor Público é fornecer uma medição correta e adequada dos elementos do patrimônio, que resulta em um melhor planejamento da aquisição e controle dos ativos permanentes enquanto elementos potencializadores da melhor prestação de serviços aos cidadãos. A Metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa de levantamento ou Survey, com a aplicação de questionários aos 43 (quarenta e três) funcionários que atuam nas Entidades da Administração Pública Federal, situadas na cidade de Porto Velho-RO – Brasil. A amostra estudada é definida como não probabilística e de seleção intencional ou racional, ou seja, respondeu ao questionário o Servidor Público responsável pelos procedimentos contábeis da Depreciação de cada Entidade.
Management of Gastric Ulcer w.s.r. Annadrava Shool in Ayurveda: A Case Study
Authors: Sumit Kumar  , Ragini Kumari  , Pankaj Kumar  , Mamta Kumari  , Vijay Bahadur Singh  
Published: August 2022

Annadrava shoola is one of the diseases of the alimentary canal in which there is colic occurs after digestion, during digestion or at any time and Patient feels relief after vomiting. It can be said gastric ulcer on the basis of its signs and symptoms.
Gastric ulcers are most commonly located on the lesser curvature, whereas duodenal ulcers are most common at the duodenal bulb. The ulcer is round to oval with a smooth base. Acute ulcers have regular borders, while chronic ulcers have elevated borders with inflammation. An ulcer extends beyond the muscularis mucosa. Ayurveda encourages lifestyle interventions and natural therapies to regain a balance between the body, mind and the environment. In this paper, a case study on Annadrava shoola has been explained. A female patient of 42 years of age came to the Kayachikitsa OPD (OPD REG.no-6836) Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Patna-03 having complain of pain and burning sensation in abdomen for 5 months as well as irregular bowel evacuation (>3episode) in the last 3 months. The nature of pain was gradual on onset and burning type and exaggerated after meal. On the basis of history of the patient and endoscopy report, he was diagnosed as gastric ulcer and pan gastritis. We have done the Shamana Chikitsa for the patient. In Shamana Chikitsa was done with combinations of Sutashekhar Ras, Tab Aciloss and Shatavari Churna for one month. Endoscopy was repeated after one and half months of treatment. Report showed only that the treatment cured the Annadrava shoola (gastric ulcer) of the patient. So, there is hope in Ayurveda for the treatment of Annadrava shoola.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Rooksha Sweda (Valuka) and Nasyakarma in Manyastambha
Authors: Iddalagimath Sangamesh G 
Published: August 2022

Manyastambha is a type of Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi described under the heading of Vatavyadhi. It is characterized by symptoms like Ruk (pain) and Sthamba (stiffness) in the Manyapradesha (cervical region) of Urdwajatru Pradesha. Similar to this, there is a condition known as Cervical Spondylosis in western science based on symptomatology which is mainly due to the chronic degenerative condition of the cervical spine that affects the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs of the neck as well as the contents of the spinal canal. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis is around 40% of the world population and may manifest in those as young as 30 years and most commonly in those aged between 40-60 years.
Methodology: In the present study, a total of 30 patients were diagnosed with Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis). They were randomly assigned to a single group and have been treated by Rooksha Sweda (Valuka) and Bhringaraja Taila Nasya for 7 days with a follow-up of 14 days.
Observations: It was observed in the present study that all subjective and objective parameters in all the 30 patients have shown significance with a p-value <0.01.
Conclusion: Valuka Sweda and Nasya Karma are highly significant at P<0.001. Rooksha Sweda and Nasya Karma are the safest, simplest and most effective Panchakarma therapies in the management of Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis).
TECHNOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF POTATOES LOTS SUITABILITY FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE
Authors: SERDYUKOV V. A. , MAKHANKO V. L. , RODKINA I. A. , FITSURO D. D. 
Published: August 2022

The results of technological and immunological assessment of the suitability of batches of food and seed potatoes for long-term storage, grown with a row spacing of 75 and 90 cm are presented in the article. It has been found that the suitability of potatoes lots directly depends on the meteorological conditions of the year and the technological operations carried out during the potatoes cultivation, which, as a result, affects the resistance to mechanical damage and the development of pathogens in the mass of
stored potatoes.
INHERITANCE OF COLORED PULP AND ANTIOXIDANT CONTENT IN HYBRID COMBINATIONS OF POTATOES PRODUCED WITH PARENTAL FORMS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THESE FEATURES
Authors: PISKUN G. I. , KOZLOVA L. N. , KORZAN A. A. 
Published: August 2022

The research results on the patterns of inheritance of colored pulp and the content of antioxidants in hybrid potatoes offspring obtained from crossing parent forms with a high level of these characteristics are presented in the article. Effective methods for
selecting the source material for selection to increase the intensity of the colored pulp and the content of antioxidants are proposed. Based on the research of general and specific combination ability, the best parent forms and hybrid combinations for creating varieties with a high overall antioxidant capacity and rich colored flesh are identified.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL DROUGHT DURING THE GROWING SEASON ON PRODUCTIVITY OF POTATOES VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS
Authors: FITSURO D. D. , MAHANKO V. L. , SERDYUKOV V. A. , GASTILO D. S. 
Published: August 2022

According to the research results in 2017–2019, samples were identified that under conditions of moisture lack during the growing season reduced productivity to a lesser extent: in the group of medium – early Mastak (092924-52) in 2017 – 16.2 %, and in 2018 –
41.0 %; in the group of medium – Vodar (8875-7) – 20.9 %, Bayarski (8975-11) – 39.8 %, Garantiya (8662-13) – 41.9 %.
POTATOTS INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS TESTING FOR THE PRESENCE OF DNA MARKERS OF PATAGEN RESISTANCE GENES
Authors: BASHKO D. V. , CHASHINSKIY A. V. , SEMANYUK T. V. , MIHALKOVICH I. A. 
Published: August 2022

The results of interspecific potatoes hybrids analysis to determine the presence of resistance genes to late blight, potato cyst nematode and potato wart are presented in the article. Hybrids 50-12-14, 50-12-4, 50-12-2, 143-14-1, 178-14-17 are the most valuable
due to accumulation more gene specific markers.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MACRO- AND MICRO-FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTURE IN VITRO OF POTATOES
Authors: SIDORENKO T. N. , KOLOMOETS S. A. , TIHONOVA L. G. 
Published: August 2022

The article presents the research results on determining the optimal concentration of macro- and micro-fertilizers NanoSilicon, Kristalon (universal, yellow, brown), FERTIKA Lux, Batr max in the growing medium for accelerated in vitro reproduction of potato
micro-cuttings due to the effectiveness of their action on the growth of the root system, the height of the stem and the number of internodes. It was found that the maximum number of roots and their greatest length in the studied varieties Pershatsvet (11.1–11.2 pcs and 6.0–6.1 cm) and Rubin (10.8–10.9 pcs – 6.2–6.5 cm) was recorded when using the fertilizers Kristalon yellow and brown in a concentration of 0.4 g/l. The largest number of internodes in the Pershatsvet variety was obtained when using the Nanosilicon in a dose of 0.05 ml/l, macro- and micro-elements Kristalon yellow and FERTIKA Lux in a dose of 0.4 ml/l (8.1 pcs). In the Rubin variety, the largest number of internodes was obtained when using Kristalon universal in the growing medium in a dose of 0.4 ml/l (7.2 pcs).
Hormigón reforzado con fibra natural de caña de azúcar y su resistencia a la compresión
Authors: Carrión L. , Ordoñez J. , Duran J. , Farias J. 
Published: August 2022

Actualmente se han desarrollado diferentes estudios para lograr el aprovechamiento de agregados no convencionales en la preparación de mezclas de concreto, en este caso en particular se han analizado los efectos de la fibra natural de caña de azúcar como medrador de las características físicas y mecánicas en el hormigón.
El presente trabajo experimental se inició con una previa investigación bibliográfica de la dosificación requerida para la elaboración de probetas de hormigón que cumplan con los requisitos establecidos en la normativa vigente en el país. Una vez estudiada dicha información se procedió con el procesamiento de la caña de azúcar, removiendo las fibras naturales de su tallo, posteriormente las fibras fueron cortadas y lavadas tanto en agua fría como caliente en reiteradas ocasiones para luego secarlas de forma natural durante una semana, asegurando así la total eliminación de los azucares e impurezas propias de la caña. Finalmente, se distribuyeron dentro de la mezcla de forma homogénea en un equivalente de 2.37 kg/m3 en función al peso del cemento.
Analizando los resultados obtenidos se evidenciaron variaciones relativamente bajas en relación a las presentadas por el hormigón utilizado para las muestras de control, tanto en trabajabilidad, como consistencia. Sin embargo, los ensayos demostraron que las mejoras si fueron notables en la resistencia a la compresión, pues se demostró que las fibras naturales de la caña de azúcar mejoran la respuesta mecánica del hormigón.
Evaluación de la Hepatitis A como enfermedad transmitida por alimentos en Ecuador durante el 2015
Authors: PEREZ PARRA JEAN CARLOS , USECHE CASTRO LELLY MARIA , Isea León Fernando Ramón , Cuello Pérez Maribel , Canchingre Bone Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

Las Enfermedades de Transmisión Alimentaria (ETA) son un problema de salud pública creciente a nivel mundial. En el 2015 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) reportó en América más de 9.000 muertes a causa de las ETA, las cuales son producidas por bacterias, virus y parásitos o sustancias químicas nocivas. Entre las ETA reportadas en Ecuador durante el 2015, la hepatitis A fue la que presentó mayor prevalencia. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la prevalencia de hepatitis A en Ecuador durante el 2015, diferenciando los casos reportados por provincia, región, edad y sexo de personas infectadas con el virus. También se presentan aspectos relacionados con la enfermedad como lo son los costos inherentes a la hepatitis A, el marco regulatorio con lo que se cuenta en Ecuador para la prevención de la enfermedad así como las medidas que se deben adoptar para reducir en número de casos reportados para esta enfermedad. Materiales. Para la realización de este estudio se dispuso de los datos epidemiológicos reportados por el Ministerio de Salud para el 2015 en Ecuador. Para evaluar el marco legal se consultó la Normativa Técnica Sanitaria para Alimentos y la Ley Orgánica de Salud. Resultados. Se obtuvo que la provincia Cañar fue la que reportó la mayor prevalencia con 170,63 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Mientras que la región Amazónica presentó la mayor prevalencia promedio con un valor de 54,32 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. En la diferenciación de la población por edades se obtuvo que las edades entre 5 y 9 años fueron los que presentaron mayor número de reportes, 39% de los casos. De todos los casos reportados, el 54% fueron del sexo masculino. La prevalencia nacional de la enfermedad fue de 32,82 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Se obtuvo que cada caso de hepatitis A en Ecuador tiene un costo estimado de 104,11 USD, por debajo de los costos estimados por otros países de América. Conclusión se encontró alta prevalencia del virus de la hepatitis A, 10 veces mayor que la reportada en otros países de la región, haciendo necesario la implementación urgente de medidas que permitan reducir la alta prevalencia de hepatitis A en Ecuador.
A new species of Amorphophallus (Araceae) from Eastern D.R. Congo, and a new record of the genus from Rwanda
Authors: Fischer Eberhard , Dumbo Bonny , Dumbo Landry 
Published: August 2022

Background and aims – A new species of Amorphophallus (Araceae) is described from D.R. Congo in connection with preparing the family treatment for the Flore d’Afrique centrale. Another species is recorded for the first time from Rwanda.
Methods – Standard herbarium practices were applied.
Key results – Amorphophallus dumboi sp. nov. is related to A. margretae. The differences between these species are discussed and distribution maps for the taxa are presented. Both species are range-restricted in the Albertine Rift and preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered. Amorphophallus mayoi is for the first time recorded for Rwanda. The taxon, originally described as a subspecies of A. calabaricus, is raised here to specific rank.
KHẢO SÁT TỔN THƯƠNG DẠNG POLIP Ở ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG BẰNG NỘI SOI VÀ MÔ BỆNH HỌC TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ
Authors: Thị Yến Nhi Tăng , Thị Thúy Duy Nguyễn 
Published: August 2022

Đặt vấn đề: Việc chẩn đoán, phát hiện và theo dõi bệnh nhân có polip đại trực tràng (ĐTT) ngày càng có hiệu quả nhờ vào sự phát triển của kỹ thuật nội soi ống mềm. Qua nội soi cho phép quan sát trực tiếp mặt trong ĐTT, từ đó xác định hình thái, kích thước, vị trí, số lượng, tổn thương kèm theo,… của polip ĐTT, đồng thời có thể thực hiện thủ thuật cắt polip và sinh thiết để làm mô bệnh học. Phần lớn polip ĐTT là lành tính tuy nhiên có một số ít polip có thể triển thành ung thư, đặc biệt là polip tuyến. Do đó vai trò của cận lâm sàng và mô bệnh học trong việc phát hiện, điều trị sớm polip ĐTT nhằm ngăn chặn tiến triển thành ung thư là rất quan trọng và cần thiết. Mục tiêu: Xác định tỉ lệ các loại polip đại trực tràng bằng nội soi và giải phẫu bệnh lý của tổn thương dạng polip đại trực tràng tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 80 bệnh nhân thỏa tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán, có kết quả nội soi và mô bệnh học là polip ĐTT tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ. Kết quả: Qua nội soi ghi nhận 67,2% bệnh nhân có polip ĐTT không cuống, vị trí thường gặp nhất là đại tràng sigma (38,1%). Trong số 80 bệnh nhân phát hiện có 53 bệnh nhân có polip đơn độc (66,3%), 27 bệnh nhân có đa polip (33,7%). Kích thước polip < 10 mm chiếm nhiều nhất (83,6%). Về bề mặt polip của nhóm nghiên cứu, tỉ lệ polip có bề mặt trơn láng 78,4%; polip có bề mặt phù nề sung huyết 15,7%; polip có bề mặt sần sùi 5,9%. Xét về mô bệnh học có 60% nhóm polip không tân sinh, 40% polip tân sinh. Có 9/80 bênh nhân có polip nghịch sản, chiếm 11,3%. Kết luận: Kết quả nghiên cứu ghi nhận, trong số 80 bệnh nhân có polip vị trí thường gặp nhất là đại tràng sigma chiếm 38,1%, trực tràng 25,4%. Polip tân sinh 40% trong đó polip u tuyến ống chiếm 81,3%, polip u tuyến ống nhánh 6,3%, polip u tuyến nhánh 3,1%, polip ung thư hóa 9,3%.Theo mức độ nghịch sản, 100% bệnh nhân có nghịch sản ở nhóm polip tân sinh đã đặt ra vấn đề cấp bách cho việc khám sức khỏe định kỳ những người từ 40 tuổi trở lên, đặc biệt những trường hợp tiêu ra máu, đau bụng kéo dài để phát hiện và điều trị sớm polip đại trực tràng tránh nguy cơ diễn tiến thành ung thư.
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ COPD ĐỢT CẤP CÓ VIÊM PHỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Thị Kiều Diễm Lương , Văn Thắng Quản , Thị Lan Anh Nguyễn , Thị Ngọc Bích Vi , Thị Thanh Huyền Lò 
Published: August 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định một số yếu tố liên quan đến kết quả điều trị của bệnh nhân COPD đợt cấp có viêm phổi tại bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên năm 2021. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: 54 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán pECOPD điều trị tại khoa Hô hấp. PP nghiên cứu: mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình: 71,75±9,64; chủ yếu gặp > 60 tuổi. Nam nhiều hơn nữ. Tỷ lệ có trên 2 đợt cấp trở lên là 96,3%. BMI trung bình là 20,78±5,75; béo phì 16,7%,trung bình 63,0%; gầy 20,4%. X quang: tổn thương mô kẽ 42,9%, hình ảnh phế quản hơi 52,4%, hình mờ, đám mờ 100,0%. Bệnh nhân không hút thuốc/đã bỏ thuốc lá: kết quả điều trị tốt 18,5%/27,8%; đang hút thuốc 7,4 %. pECOPD > 2 đợt cấp/năm kết quả điều trị tốt 44,4%. Kết quả điều trị tốt BMI gầy 7,5%; BMI trung bình 29,6%; béo phì 12,9%. Tiền sử sử dụng ICS: kết quả điều trị tốt 27,8%; chưa tốt 70,4%. Kết quả điều trị tốt pECOPD mức độ GOLD C, GOLD D 44,4%; 27,8%; chưa tốt 13,0%; 14,8%.