bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan coated alginate beads as probiotic delivery system for New Zealand black footed abalone (Haliotis iris)
Authors: Masoomi Dezfooli Seyedehsara , Bonnot Chloe , Gutierrez‐Maddox Noemi , Alfaro Andrea C. , Seyfoddin Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe potential benefits of probiotics for growth of black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris) have been highlighted in previous studies. However, traditional methods of probiotic administration in aquaculture are inefficient due to environmental contamination and loss of bacterial viability. This study investigates a new delivery system for delivery of probiotics to H. iris. An extrusion technique coupled with ionotropic gelation was utilized to produce chitosan coated alginate beads (CCALG). Concentration of alginate, chitosan, and coating time were optimized to obtain beads with a desired morphology, stability, sinking time, and release profile. The results showed that increasing alginate concentration up to 1.5% w/w can improve the morphological characteristics of the beads while reducing the sinking time in seawater. Chitosan coating improved the stability of beads and reduced the release of the encapsulated probiotics in seawater. A higher probiotic load was found in the digestive tract of animals fed with CCALG beads ( compared to the control group (. High palatability and stability of CCALG beads in seawater combined with controlled release of viable probiotics show that encapsulation of probiotics in CCALG beads is an efficient method for delivery of probiotics in aquaculture.
Self‐healing and biodegradable copolyesters synthesized from 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid applied as human skin
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Wang Jinggang , Dong Yunxiao , Wang Qianfeng , Zhu Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe new self‐healing and biodegradable copolyesters, poly(ethylene‐co‐diethylene glycol adipate‐co‐furanoate) (PEAF), were synthesized from 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid, dimethyl adipate, diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol by transesterification and polycondensation. Their number average molecular weight (Mn) varied from 49,400 g/mol to 71,500 g/mol while the polydispersity index ranged from 1.47 to 1.97. The study showed that by adjusting the proportion of adipate segments from 25 mol% to 65 mol%, the tensile modulus was found to be ranging from 4.95 to 0.29 MPa at room temperature, which was close to or even lower than the modulus of human skin. The excellent biodegradability of PEAFs was certified by the weight loss of 34.5% to 80.9% during enzymatic degradation. Finally, self‐healing properties were also discovered in PEAFs and the fastest self‐healing rate observed was 23.1 μm/h for PEAF‐65 at 37 °C. Due to these outstanding properties, PEAFs absolutely possess the potential to be used as human soft tissues, electronic skin, human‐machine interface and so on.
Constructing PA6/PS composite foam with porous and hybrid isolation structure to synergistically control absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness
Authors: Wu Bozhen , Zhu Kaiqi , Yang Yuhao , Wen Xinghan , Liu Renrong , Zhu Honghao , Yang Jintao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIsolation structure has been proven to be an effective method for constructing electromagnetic shielding composites, achieving high electrical conductivity with shallow filler content and high‐efficiency electromagnetic shielding. However, there are still many challenges in further optimizing the design and improving absorption. This article designed a hybrid isolation structure using nylon magnetic microspheres and polystyrene (PS). First, we prepared PA magnetic microspheres (Ni@PA6M) with Ni nanoparticles uniformly dispersed by the reaction induced phase separation (RIPS) method, then mixed with MWCNT and PS at high speed and formed by hot pressing. Under the optimized ratio, the hybrid structure has more interfaces and a more complete conductive network. Simultaneously, the magnetic microspheres can promote the absorption of electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the electromagnetic shielding performance of the material. When the MWCNT content is 7 wt%, Ni@PA6M:PS = 7:3, the total shielding effectiveness (EMI SET) and reflection coefficient (R) of the composite reached 28.6 dB and 0.77, respectively, while the EMI SET and R of the composite constructed with pure nylon microspheres and PS are 26.1 dB and 0.74, respectively. Further, using supercritical CO2 foaming technology to foam the PS phase in the composite to form many cells can improve the impedance matching and absorption of electromagnetic waves. The results show that introducing the cell structure reduces the reflection coefficient (R) from 0.77 to 0.69, and the EMI SET drops to a certain extent. Introducing the hybrid isolation and porous structure we designed provides a new idea for creating electromagnetic shielding materials for isolation structures.
The effect of graphene‐based nanofillers on the structure, thermal, and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Rahbarshendi Faezeh , Baybordiani Ayda , Asgharzadeh Hamed , Badr Milad , Hassannezhad Kosar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPVA matrix composite films reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoplatelets are prepared by water‐solution processing. The structure and properties of the composites are investigated by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicate a 22% improvement in the storage modulus and a 12°C increase in the glass transition temperature by the addition of only 0.5 wt% rGO into the PVA. The enhancement of the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite films is attributed to the hydrogen bond barrier and molecule movement restriction effects. The higher amount of the hydrogen bonds in the PVA/rGO composite compared to the PVA/GO sample cause its higher thermal stability and mechanical performance.
Optimized tracking control using reinforcement learning strategy for a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Yang Xue , Li Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper is to develop a simplified optimized tracking control using reinforcement learning (RL) strategy for a class of nonlinear systems. Since the nonlinear control gain function is considered in the system modeling, it is challenging to extend the existing RL‐based optimal methods to the tracking control. The main reasons are that these methods' algorithm are very complex; meanwhile, they also require to meet some strict conditions. Different with these exiting RL‐based optimal methods that derive the actor and critic training laws from the square of Bellman residual error, which is a complex function consisting of multiple nonlinear terms, the proposed optimized scheme derives the two RL training laws from negative gradient of a simple positive function, so that the algorithm can be significantly simplified. Moreover, the actor and critic in RL are constructed by employing neural network (NN) to approximate the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated in accordance with both Lyapunov stability theory and simulation example.
Teaching nonvocal children with autism to request for missing items
Authors: Domanska Lidia , Wójcik Marta , Eikeseth Svein 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis systematic replication was designed to teach nonvocal children with autism to mand for missing items using an Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) system. Consistent with Rodriguez et al. (2017) and Wójcik et al. (2020), we used the interrupted chain procedure with EO‐present and EO‐absent trials. Consistent with Wójcik et al., 2020, we used sufficient exemplar training and activity schedules to establish manding for missing items. Participants were three children with autism, and the design was a nonconcurrent multiple‐baseline design across participants. Following training, all participants requested the missing items during EO‐present trials correctly and refrained from making requests during EO‐absent trials, suggesting that requesting using the AAC system was established as a verbal operant controlled by the appropriate EO, hence, was established as a mand. Correct requesting behavior transferred to new tasks, across skill domains, across people, to new settings, and across time.
PAF‐induced inflammatory and immuno‐allergic ophthalmic diseases and their mitigation with PAF receptor antagonists: Cell and nuclear effects
Authors: Sharif Najam A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOcular allergies are becoming more prevalent as more airborne pollutants, irritants and microbes pervade our environment. Inflammatory and allergic mediators released by dendritic and mast cells within the conjunctiva cause allergic conjunctivitis (AC), a prevalent ocular surface disorder that affects >40% of the world's human population on a seasonal or perennial basis. Even though histamine is a major culprit, platelet‐activating factor (PAF) also contributes to AC, acting either directly or synergistically with histamine and other mediators. PAF receptor‐meditated inflammatory reactions, via cell‐membrane‐bound and nuclear‐membrane‐bound and nuclear PAF receptors, are also implicated in the etiology of other eye diseases such as uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, corneal and choroidal neovascularization, and age‐related macular degeneration which cause serious visual impairment and can lead to blindness. This review highlights the various deleterious elements implicated in the pathological aspects of ocular allergic reactions and inflammation and provides concepts and treatment options to mitigate these eye disorders with a special focus on PAF and PAF receptor antagonists.
UHPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of azithromycin in human plasma of pediatric patients
Authors: Cai Ningfang , Wu Xiuping , Lin Jiancheng , Zou Jialiang , Yi Jin Ling , Luo Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe presence of azithromycin in the human plasma of pediatric patients was determined with a UHPLC‐MS/MS assay. Sample preparation was done by protein precipitation, and the separation was achieved on a C18 column by the gradient mixture of the mobile phase A (0.1% acetic acid and 3 mM ammonium acetate in water) and the mobile phase B (0.1% acetic acid and 3 mM ammonium acetate in the solution of acetonitrile, methanol, and water, 47.5/47.5/5, V/V/V). The multiple reaction monitoring mode was adopted to monitor the precursor‐to‐product ion transitions of m/z 749.6 → m/z 591.5 for azithromycin and m/z 753.6 → m/z 595.5 for azithromycin‐13C‐d3 (the internal standard) at the positive ionization mode. The calibration curve ranged from 0.5 to 500.0 ng·mL−1, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. The intra‐ and inter‐batch precision was less than 13.7%. Accuracy determined at four concentrations ranged from 99.5 to 110.8%. The extraction recoveries were more than 95%, and the matrix effects were 98–100%. The stability under various conditions was acceptable with the accuracy deviation within 9.2%. In conclusion, our method was simple, sensitive, and reliable for quantifying azithromycin in plasma among pediatric patients.
Modulation of astrocyte activity and improvement of oxidative stress through blockage of NO/NMDAR pathway improve posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)‐like behavior induced by social isolation stress
Authors: Li Hua , Tofigh Arash Mohammadi , Amirfakhraei Azita , Chen Xuan , Tajik Michael , Xu Dongwei , Motevalli Saeid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt has been well documented that social isolation stress (SIS) can induce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)‐like behavior in rodents, however, the underlying mechanism is remained misunderstood. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the role of NO/NMDAR pathway in PTSD‐like behavior through modulating of astrocyte activity and improvement of oxidative stress.MethodsMale NMRI mice were used to evaluate the memory function by using Morris water maze (MWM) and fear memory extinction by using freezing response. We used MK‐801 (NMDAR‐antagonist), L‐NNA (NOS‐inhibitor), NMDA (NMDAR‐agonist), and L‐arginine (NO‐agent) to find a proper treatment. Also, immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and oxidative stress assays were used to evaluate the levels of astrocytes and oxidative stress. We used five mice in each experimental task.ResultsOur results revealed that SIS could induce learning and memory dysfunction as well as impairment of fear memory extinction in MWM and freezing response tests, respectively. Also, we observed that combined treatment including blockage of NOS (by L‐NNA, 0.5 mg/kg) and NMDAR (by MK‐801, 0.001 mg/kg) at subeffective doses could result in improvement of both memory and fear memory. In addition, we observed that SIS significantly increases the GFAP expression and astrocyte activity, which results in significant imbalance in oxidative stress. Coadministration of MK‐801 and L‐NNA at subeffective doses not only decreases the expression of GFAP, but also regulates the oxidative stress imbalanceConclusionBased on these results, it could be hypothesized that blockage of NO/NMDAR pathway might be a novel treatment for PTSD‐like behavior in animals by inhibiting the astrocyte and regulating oxidative stress level.
Splenomegaly in predicting the survival of patients with advanced primary liver cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Xiao Lu‐Shan , Hu Cheng‐Yi , Cui Hao , Li Rui‐Ning , Hong Chang , Li Qi‐Mei , Huang Chao‐Yi , Dong Zhong‐Yi , Zhu Hong‐Bo , Liu Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground & aimsImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play an increasingly important role in the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC). Some patients with PLC experience symptoms of splenomegaly. Splenomegaly may affect the efficacy of ICIs due to an imbalance of the immune microenvironment. Currently, there is a lack of evidence on the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. This study analyzed the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study of 161 patients with PLC treated with ICIs, splenomegaly was diagnosed using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and the impact of splenomegaly on patient survival was analyzed.ResultsThrough univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we determined that splenomegaly was associated with shortened overall survival (p = 0.002) and progression‐free survival (p = 0.013) in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. Kaplan–Meier analysis further validated our results. The overall survival and progression‐free survival of patients with splenomegaly were significantly shorter than those of patients without splenomegaly (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsWe concluded that splenomegaly was a predictor of prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. This is the first study to report this important finding.
Rare case of nasal cavity chondrosarcoma presenting only with unilateral decreased vision
Authors: Kos Eva , Miletić Daliborka , Kuzmanović Elabjer Biljana , Bušić Mladen , Lorencin Mia , Jurlina Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChondrosarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of malignant lesions characterized by production of cartilage matrix. Sinonasal involvement is extremely rare, with nasal congestion and obstruction being the leading symptoms. We present a rare case of large chondrosarcoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, primarily presenting with ocular symptoms.
Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Based Electrochemical Nanosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Hesari Mahdi , Jia Rui , Mirkin Michael V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrochemical applications of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are of considerable current interest. Due to the large surface area exposed to solution, MOFs are potentially useful electrode materials for sensing inner‐sphere analytes, such as reactive oxygen species. Herein, we electrodeposited copper benzene tricarboxylate MOF (HKUST‐1) into the cavity of an open carbon nanopipette (CNP) to produce a CNP‐MOF nanoelectrode. Unlike electronically conductive metal or carbon electrodes, the electrochemical response of CNP–MOFs relies on oxidation/reduction of Cu(I)/Cu(II) nodes in the porous nanostructure. Nevertheless, sigmoidal steady‐state voltammograms with a well‐defined plateau current have been recorded for simple redox mediators, for example, ferrocenemethanol. A linear calibration curve obtained for the hydrogen peroxide reduction suggests that CNP–MOFs can potentially be useful as nanosensors for peroxide.
Nickel and Copper Catalyzed ipso‐Phosphonodifluoromethylation of Arylboronic Acids with BrCF2P(O)(OEt)2 for the Synthesis of Phosphonodifluoromethylarenes
Authors: Knieb Alexander , Krishnamurti Vinayak , Ispizua‐Rodriguez Xanath , Surya Prakash G. K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA convenient method for the direct ipso‐phosphonodifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids via nickel‐copper co‐catalysis is disclosed. This work, which utilizes inexpensive first row transition metals, represents a facile alternative to the traditional palladium catalyzed approach. The method utilizes inexpensive commodity chemicals and substrates while tolerating a variety of biologically relevant functional groups. Structurally diverse phosphonodifluoromethylarenes are furnished in good yields under short reaction times. Control experiments to probe possible reaction pathways are also included.
Cytopathology of solid pancreatic neoplasms: An algorithmic approach to diagnosis
Authors: Wang Qun , Reid Michelle D. 
Published: May 2022

The classification and management of solid pancreatic neoplasms has expanded significantly in recent years because of advances in immunohistochemical markers, molecular diagnostics, and therapeutics. Solid pancreatic masses are subdivided into 1) ill‐defined, scirrhous, and stroma‐rich (ductal adenocarcinoma) and 2) well circumscribed, cellular, and stroma‐poor (including neuroendocrine neoplasms, acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and solid‐pseudopapillary neoplasm). Definitive diagnosis, particularly of stroma‐poor, circumscribed tumors, requires the incorporation of radiologic and cytologic findings, along with the judicious use of (broad, but limited) immunohistochemical panels (pancytokeratin and neuroendocrine [synaptophysin], acinar [trypsin], and solid‐pseudopapillary neoplasm [β‐catenin] markers), along with unstained slides. Depending on the initial results, immunohistochemical panels should be expanded to include more confirmatory (acinar and neuroendocrine) markers. This ensures that adequate material is available for definitive diagnosis/subclassification and, in some cases, grading, and/or molecular studies, particularly of grade 3 neuroendocrine neoplasms and mixed‐lineage tumors. The objective of this review is to expand the understanding of the cytomorphology of solid pancreatic neoplasms using an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in their diagnosis. Knowledge and understanding of recent updates in the classification of solid pancreatic neoplasms ensures that cytopathologists appropriately triage specimens, judiciously use and interpret ancillary studies, and incorporate these results in reporting.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Potential Energetic Propellant Plasticizer 3‐Nitratoethyl‐N‐nitramino‐5‐nitratomethyl Isoxazole
Authors: Cabrera Gabrielle E. , Reid Tristen A. , Johnson Eric C. , Orlicki Joshua A. , Burns Noah Z. , Sabatini Jesse J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of 3‐(nitratoethyl‐N‐nitramino)‐5‐(nitratomethyl) isoxazole (C6H7N5O9, 1) is presented, and its energetic properties were ascertained and analyzed for energetic applications potential. 1 was found to be a solid without melting behavior, begins to decompose at 140 °C, and has a thermal onset decomposition temperature of 171.5 °C. 1 was synthesized in 5 steps from glyoxylic acid, and was found to exhibit acceptable sensitivities to impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge. The presence of the nitratoethyl nitramino (NENA) moiety, coupled with the high density (1.71 g cm−3) and superior calculated specific impulse (247.6 s) over the commonly employed gun propellant n‐butyl NENA (density=1.22 g cm−3, specific impulse=221 s), makes 1 a potential energetic plasticizer for next generation gun and rocket propellants. In addition, a modified procedure for the synthesis of dibromoformaldoxime (DBFO) was developed to provide this material in respectable yields on one mole scale. The safety considerations of DBFO are also highlighted, in which this compound sublimes, and must be handled with care, as it will cause burns upon contact with the skin.
Targeting inflammation with collagen
Authors: Schwarz Dennis , Lipoldová Marie , Reinecke Holger , Sohrabi Yahya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTissue damage caused by an infection or an autoimmune disease triggers degradation of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which further enhances inflammation. Therefore, improving ECM in an inflamed tissue can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target. A recent study emphasised an innovative approach against COVID‐19 using polymerised type I collagen (PTIC) that improves disease severity through a hitherto unknown mechanism. In this paper, we provide an overview of potential mechanism that may explain the anti‐inflammatory effect of collagen peptides. In addition,the paper includes a brief summary of possible side effect of collagen deposition in inflammatory diseases. Altogether, current knowledge suggests that collagen may potentially reduce the residual risk in inflammatory diseases; however, the detailed mechanism remains elusive.
APE1 shRNA‐loaded cancer stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles reverse Erlotinib resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer via the IL‐6/STAT3 signalling
Authors: Tang Chun‐Han , Qin Ling , Gao Ying‐Chun , Chen Tai‐Yu , Xu Ke , Liu Tao , Ren Tao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveApurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has been suggested as an oncogene of lung tumours and our bioinformatics analysis identified the association between Erlotinib resistance and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Thus, we performed this work to delineate the mechanistic actions of APE1/IL‐6 signalling in Erlotinib resistance of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe selected human NSCLC cell lines HCC827 and PC9 to establish Erlotinib‐resistant HCC827R and PC9R cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were isolated from Erlotinib‐sensitive HCC827P and PC9P cells (PCSCs) and from HCC827R and PC9R cells (RCSCs). Further, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were separated from PCSCs (PCSC‐EVs) and RCSCs (RCSC‐EVs) and co‐cultured with RCSCs with or without short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐targeting APE1 (APE1 shRNA) transduction. In addition, functional assays were conducted to determine the effect of APE1 shRNA on malignant phenotypes of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and the activation of IL‐6/STAT3 signalling.ResultsIt was found that NSCLC cells could internalize both RCSC‐EVs and PCSC‐EVs. RCSC‐EVs augmented the resistance of NSCLC cells to Erlotinib. The overexpression of APE1 occurred in NSCLC tissues, and IL‐6 was enriched in serum samples of patients with NSCLC. APE1 shRNA was demonstrated to restrict the Erlotinib resistance of NSCLC cells by inactivating the IL‐6/STAT3 signalling. Additionally, shAPE1‐loaded RCSC‐EVs suppressed the Erlotinib resistance of NSCLC via the IL‐6/STAT3 axis both in vitro and in vivo, as reflected by impeded malignant phenotypes and xenograft tumour formation.ConclusionsCollectively, these data indicate that APE1 confers Erlotinib resistance by activating the IL‐6/STAT3 signalling, suggesting targeting APE1 as a possible therapeutic target in Erlotinib‐resistant NSCLC.