bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen Activates Dormant Primordial Follicles in Mouse Ovaries
Authors: Wei Wei , Komatsu Kouji , Osuka Satoko , Murase Tomohiko , Bayasula Bayasula , Nakanishi Natsuki , Nakamura Tomoko , Goto Maki , Iwase Akira , Masubuchi Satoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur previous study found that 17β-estradiol (E2) suppresses primordial follicle activation and growth in cultured mouse ovaries. In this study, we administered tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, into the abdominal cavity of mice to clarify the relationship between primordial follicle activation and the physiological concentration of E2in mouse ovaries. The results showed that tamoxifen promoted primordial follicle activation. Administration of tamoxifen promoted degradation of the extracellular matrix surrounding primordial follicles in the ovaries. Furthermore, tamoxifen decreased the expression of stefin A, an inhibitor of cathepsins that digest some proteins and extracellular matrix, in the ovaries. Mechanical stress produced by the extracellular matrix reportedly suppresses the activation of primordial follicles. The collective results show that tamoxifen can promote primordial follicle activation through the degradation of the extracellular matrix surrounding primordial follicles. Our results indicate that E2suppresses primordial follicle activation in vivo and that tamoxifen may be useful as a therapeutic agent against infertility.Graphical abstract
Laboratory experiment of ATP measurement using Mars soil simulant: as a method for extraterrestrial life detection
Authors: Enya Keigo , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a laboratory experiment of ATP measurement using Mars soil simulant and Escherichia coli (E. coli) with a point of view for future application to searching extraterrestrial life. We used Mars Global Simulant MGS-1 (Exolith Lab) as soil simulant, added E. coli suspension to it, then the soil simulant with E. coli was dried. Various configurations of samples with different E. coli density, 1.75 × 102, 1.75 × 103, 1.75 × 104, 1.75 × 105, and 1.75 × 106 cells (g soil)−1, were prepared together with controls. ATP extraction reagent and luminescence reagent were added to the sample, and bioluminescence measurement was performed. The result suggests significant detection of ATP for samples with E. coli density used in this work. Similar experiments but without the soil simulant were carried out, and results with and without the soil simulant are compared. Based on the ATP measurement studied in this work, we discussed extraterrestrial life search, planetary protection, relation with the panspermia hypothesis, and also other applications.

Graphical abstract
Long-term Quality of Life and Sexual Function After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radical Surgery for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Palaia Innocenza , Santangelo Giusi , Caruso Giuseppe , Perniola Giorgia , Tibaldi Valentina , Muzii Ludovico , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Di Donato Violante 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundCervical cancer survivors report the worst quality of life (QoL) among all cancer survivors and this is mainly due to their younger age and the long-term treatment sequelae.AimThe purpose of this study is to assess the long-term QoL and sexual function of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and radical hysterectomy (RH) instead of the standard chemoradiotherapy.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study including LACC patients (FIGO stage IIB-IVA) treated with the NACT-RH strategy and a control group of healthy women undergoing hysterectomy for uterine fibromatosis in the same period.OutcomesMain outcome measures were the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CX24 for quality of life and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for sexual function.ResultsOverall, 96 patients were included: 48 LACC and 48 controls. The mean age at diagnosis was 45.5 ± 9.0 and 47.0 ± 7.8, respectively (P = .38). Compared to controls, LACC patients reported lower mean scores for the global health status (69.4 ± 22.6 vs 81.2 ± 24.3; Mean Difference (MD): -11.80 [95% CI: -21.19, -2.41]; P = .016), QLQ-C30 functional scale (80.1 ± 22.6 vs 92.4 ± 14.9; MD: -12.30 [95% CI: -19.96, -4.64]; P = .002), QLQ-Cx24 functional scale (55.5 ± 25.0 vs 80.4 ± 22.4; MD: -24.00 [95% CI: -34.40, -15.40]; P &lt; .001), and the total FSFI (19.3 ± 9.6 vs 26.2 ± 9.9; MD: -6.90 [95% CI: -10.80, -3.00]; P &lt; .001). On the other hand, LACC patients reported higher mean scores on the QLQ-C30 (16.9 ± 22.1 vs 8.4 ± 16.6; MD: 8.50 [95% CI: 0.68, 16.32]; P = .03) and QLQ-CX24 (26.0 ± 28.8 vs 15.0 ± 11.7; MD: 11.00 [95% CI: -2.21, 19.79]; P = .01) symptoms scales.Clinical implicationsThe confirmed poor quality of life even in surgically treated LACC survivors underlines the importance of tailoring parametrectomy based on lymph node status and developing personalized strategies.Strengths and limitationsThe study assessed the long-term QoL and sexual function in the specific subpopulation of LACC patients treated with NACT-RH. Main limitations include the small sample size and the retrospective design.ConclusionLACC long-term survivors treated with NACT-RH experience poor QoL and sexual dysfunction.
Altered prefrontal activation during the inhibition of eating responses in women with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Berner Laura A. , Winter Samantha R. , Ayaz Hasan , Shewokis Patricia A. , Izzetoglu Meltem , Marsh Rachel , Nasser Jennifer A. , Matteucci Alyssa J. , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sense of ‘loss of control’ (LOC), or a feeling of being unable to stop eating or control what or how much one is eating, is the most salient aspect of binge eating. However, the neural alterations that may contribute to this experience and eating behavior remain poorly understood.MethodsWe used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure activation in the prefrontal cortices of 23 women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 23 healthy controls (HC) during two tasks: a novel go/no-go task requiring inhibition of eating responses, and a standard go/no-go task requiring inhibition of button-pressing responses.ResultsWomen with BN made more commission errors on both tasks. BN subgroups with the most severe LOC eating (n = 12) and those who felt most strongly that they binge ate during the task (n = 12) showed abnormally reduced bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) activation associated with eating-response inhibition. In the entire BN sample, lower eating-task activation in right vlPFC was related to more frequent and severe LOC eating, but no group differences in activation were detected on either task when this full sample was compared with HC. BN severity was unrelated to standard-task activation.ConclusionsResults provide initial evidence that diminished PFC activation may directly contribute to more severe eating-specific control deficits in BN. Our findings support vmPFC and vlPFC dysfunction as promising treatment targets, and indicate that eating-specific tasks and fNIRS may be useful tools for identifying neural mechanisms underlying dysregulated eating.
“Living room art” and the material culture of provenance: Retracing bourgeois everyday life and art collecting practices through restitution files
Authors: Löffler Emily 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Landesmuseum Mainz holds a bundle of objects (paintings, works on paper, furniture) that entered its collections in September 1943 as a transferral ordered by the Oberfinanzpräsident of the State of Hesse. The objects had been confiscated by the fiscal authorities of Mainz and Darmstadt immediately after their owners had been deported. In terms of artistic quality, these pieces could be described as “living room art,” a term that well reflects the social function of Jewish upper-middle-class material culture. By combining the methodologies of provenance research and material culture studies, this article analyzes how the “living room art” that once belonged to the German Jewish middle-class closely related to social belonging, self-representation, and the identity of their owners and how the anti-Semitic persecution impacted their material life. This approach aims at reframing object-based provenance research – which is traditionally formulated in the context of the “art world,” for example, the study of art dealership, collecting, and museum history – in the context of the study of Jewish middle-class cultural consumption, small-scale private art collecting, and micro-history.
Why Do We Punish?
Authors: Nockur Laila , Kesberg Rebekka , Pfattheicher Stefan , Keller Johannes 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We investigated whether individuals’ punishment behavior aims at compensating for inflicted harm (i.e., retribution) or at deterring the offender from committing the offense again (i.e., deterrence) and whether punishment motives depend on the punishment system. Participants ( N = 149) assigned punishment for selfish decisions in a group resource allocation task under three conditions: Open punishment (the allocator is informed about the punishment, allowing for retribution and deterrence); hidden punishment (the allocator is not informed about the punishment, precluding deterrence); and unintentional offense (decision is made by the computer not the allocator, precluding retribution and deterrence). In line with retribution motives, participants assigned more punishment under hidden punishment compared to unintentional offense and open punishment. We found these differences in punishment between punishment conditions only under centralized punishment (i.e., punishment can only be executed by one group member), but not under decentralized punishment (i.e., each group member can punish).
Effects of the Hydrous Domain in the Mantle Wedge on Magma Formation and Mixing at the Northeast Lau Spreading Center, SW Pacific
Authors: Haase K. M. , Schoenhofen M. V. , Storch B. , Beier C. , Regelous M. , Rubin K. , Brandl P. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAbundant volcanic activity occurs in the back‐arc region of the northern Tofua island arc where the Northeast Lau Spreading Center (NELSC) propagates southwards into older crust causing the formation of numerous seamounts at the propagating rift tip. An off‐axis volcanic diagonal ridge (DR) occurs at the eastern flank of the NELSC, linking the large rear‐arc volcano Niuatahi with the NELSC. New geochemical data from the NELSC, the southern propagator seamounts, and DR reveal that the NELSC lavas are tholeiitic basalts whereas the rear‐arc volcanoes typically erupt lavas with boninitic composition. The sharp geochemical boundary probably reflects the viscosity contrast between off‐axis hydrous harzburgitic mantle and dry fertile mantle beneath the NELSC. The new data do not indicate an inflow of Samoa plume mantle into the NELSC, confirming previously published He isotope data. The NELSC magmas form by mixing of an enriched and a depleted Indian Ocean‐type upper mantle end‐member implying a highly heterogeneous upper mantle composition in this area. Most NELSC lavas are little affected by a slab component implying that melting is adiabatic beneath the spreading center. The DR lavas show the influence of a component from the subducted Louisville Seamount Chain, which was previously thought to be restricted to the nearby arc volcanoes Niuatoputapu and Tafahi. This signature is rarely detected along the NELSC implying little mixing of melts from the low‐viscosity hydrous portion of the mantle wedge beneath the rear‐arc volcanoes into the melting region of the dry mantle beneath the NELSC.
Impact of Sea Ice Production off Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica
Authors: Orsi A. H. , Webb C. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSea ice production is critical to ocean overturning. Brine released within Antarctic polynyas transforms surface water into denser Shelf Water (SW). In spite of the persistent Dalton Polynya, SW is absent off Sabrina Coast. To explain its passive role in‐situ and remote datasets for 2003–2015 are analyzed. Combined volume export near the shelf break and inshore volume change render an average sea ice production of 197.41 km3 per year (4.6 m/yr productivity), highly correlated (0.95) to divergent interior sea ice motion. Meltwater input of 157.5 Gt/yr is required to match the salinity of a prominent subsurface Thermostad measured in 2014–2015. SW formed during 2003–2008 but halted in 2009–2011, when summer sea ice divergence and export were at a minimum (<10 km3), significantly freshening the Thermostad (−5.07 ΔS per decade). Large sea ice export (>30 km3) increased its salinity (2.16 ΔS per decade) since 2012.
Cold Air Outbreaks Promote New Particle Formation Off the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Corral Andrea F. , Choi Yonghoon , Crosbie Ewan , Dadashazar Hossein , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Fenn Marta , Harper David B. , Kirschler Simon , Liu Hongyu , Moore Richard H. , Nowak John B. , Scarino Amy Jo , Seaman Shane , Shingler Taylor , Shook Michael A. , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Voigt Christiane , Zhang Bo , Ziemba Luke D. , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNew particle formation (NPF) is the dominant contributor to total particle number concentration and plays an important role in the cloud condensation nuclei budget. Airborne data from Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) are used to address seasonal NPF statistics and factors related to NPF in and around clouds. Higher ratios of particle concentrations greater than 3 versus 10 nm (N3/N10) were mainly observed above boundary layer cloud tops during winter as compared to summer. Cold dry air and low aerosol surface area concentration facilitate NPF over the ACTIVATE region; these conditions are especially prevalent during flights coinciding with cold air outbreaks.
High‐Temperature Equation of State of FeH: Implications for Hydrogen in Earth's Inner Core
Authors: Tagawa Shoh , Gomi Hitoshi , Hirose Kei , Ohishi Yasuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile hydrogen is one of plausible major light elements in the core, the high‐temperature equation of state (EoS) of Fe‐H alloy has not been experimentally examined to the core pressure range. Here we measured the volume (V) of non‐magnetic (NM) face‐centered cubic (fcc) FeH at high pressure and temperature (P‐T) to 142 GPa and 3660 K in a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell and obtained its P‐V‐T EoS. An increase in the lattice volume of Fe per H atom, ΔVH, determined as functions of P and T is found to be substantially smaller than the volume of metallic H that has been used to estimate H concentration in Fe‐H alloy. The ΔVH is almost identical between fcc and double hexagonal close‐packed phases in the NM state, suggesting that it may be applicable to hcp. The extrapolation of ΔVH to inner core conditions indicates its maximum H content to be 0.8–0.9 wt%.
Concentrated and Intensifying Humid Heat Extremes in the IPCC AR6 Regions
Authors: Speizer Simone , Raymond Colin , Ivanovich Catherine , Horton Radley M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtreme humid heat events have seen rapid increases globally in recent decades, but regional changes and higher‐order temporal characteristics, such as interannual and intra‐annual clustering, have not been widely explored. Using ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019, we find increasing trends of varying magnitudes in extreme wet‐bulb temperatures at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6) regional scale. In many locations, interannual variations in extremes show a strong relationship with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. The temporal proximity of precipitation events to humid heat days in arid regions suggests that local moisture effects may lead to clustering. Knowledge of these spatial and temporal patterns aids in understanding how potential heat stress is increasing, as well as facilitates the development of regionally specific adaptation and mitigation strategies for combating the associated societal impacts.
Turbulent Mixing in the Barrier Layer of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean
Authors: Liu Chuanyu , Huo Dan , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Xiaowei , Guan Cong , Qi Jifeng , Wang Fan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe barrier layer (BL) is an expansive halocline layer commonly found in the western equatorial Pacific, long been thought to inhibit entrainment of colder thermocline water into the surface mixed layer (ML), consequently facilitating the development of El Niño. But here we find frequent turbulent mixing in the BL from both direct turbulence measurements and indirect mixing estimates within an 11‐year‐long Argo profile data set. The observed BL mixing is as strong as in the ML, yielding effective heat transfers across the isothermal layer (IL) base. The estimated BL mixing is ubiquitous, with occurrence ranging 20%–60% spatially and peaking at around 160°W, 0°N; it occurs more frequently in La Niña than El Niño years. The BL mixing is associated with thicker ML, BL, and IL, weaker BL stratification, and lower temperature and higher salinity in the IL. How the BL mixing may impact the El Niño development deserves further exploration.
The Seed Populations in the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt During the Main Phase of Magnetic Storms: A Statistical Study
Authors: Wang Xu , Tang Chaoling , Ni Binbin , Su Zhengpeng , Zhang Jichun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing the data from Van Allen Probes, we investigate in detail the seed populations in the outer radiation belt during the storm main phase. Based on the different flux variations of the seed electrons before the storm and around the storm peak, these storm events are divided into “flux decay events,” “flux enhancement events” and “strong flux enhancement events.” For flux decay events, a shorter storm main phase (≤12 hr) and smaller southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind electric field (−15 nT < Bzmin < −5 nT, 2 mV/m < Eymax < 7 mV/m) are found. For flux enhancement events, large southward Bzmin and Eymax (−29 nT < Bzmin < −10 nT, 5 mV/m < Eymax < 11 mV/m) for the shorter main phase or smaller southward Bzmin and Eymax (−23 nT < Bzmin < −5 nT, 3 mV/m < Eymax < 11 mV/m) for the longer main phase (>12 hr) are observed. For strong flux enhancement events, larger southward Bzmin and Eymax (−32 nT < Bzmin < −13 nT, 5 mV/m < Eymax < 22 mV/m) for the shorter main phase or smaller southward Bzmin and Eymax (−26 nT < Bzmin < −9 nT, 3 mV/m < Eymax < 16 mV/m) for the longer main phase are observed. These suggest that the flux variations of the seed electrons during the storm main phase are highly influenced by the duration of the storm main phase, southward IMF, and solar wind electric field.
SEDENOSS: SEparating and DENOising Seismic Signals With Dual‐Path Recurrent Neural Network Architecture
Authors: Novoselov Artemii , Balazs Peter , Bokelmann Götz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeismologists have to deal with overlapping and noisy signals. Techniques such as source separation can be used to solve this problem. Over the past few decades, signal processing techniques used for source separation have advanced significantly for multi‐station settings. But not so many options are available when it comes to single‐station data. Using Machine Learning, we demonstrate the possibility of separating signals for single‐station, one‐component seismic recordings. The technique that we use for seismic signal separation is based on a dual‐path recurrent neural network which is applied directly to the time domain data. Such source separation may find applications in most tasks of seismology, including earthquake analysis, aftershocks, nuclear verification, seismo‐acoustics, and ambient‐noise tomography. We train the network on seismic data from STanford EArthquake Dataset and demonstrate that our approach is (a) capable of denoising seismic data and (b) capable of separating two earthquake signals from one another. In this work, we show that Machine Learning is useful for earthquake‐induced source separation. We provide a reproducible research repository with the algorithms here: https://github.com/crimeacs/source-separation.
A Deep Learning Estimation of the Earth Resistivity Model for the Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Observation
Authors: Wu Xin , Xue Guoqiang , Zhao Yang , lv Pengfei , Zhou Zhou , Shi Jinjing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBecause of the relatively weak useful signal and noises with complex characteristics, the data processing of airborne electromagnetic observation is very difficult. As the downstream of data processing, inversion generally cannot further distinguish whether there are residual noises in the processed data. That is, in the current processing flow, the signal‐noise distinguishing is isolated from the signal‐model mapping. The reliability of the estimated earth resistivity model will be seriously affected due to the probable disadvantages in the denoising process. To this end, we propose a manifold assumption, and so establish one “feedback” mechanism between signal‐noise distinguishing and signal‐model mapping. On this basis, we propose a deep learning method: through simultaneous optimal training the network parts for signal‐noise distinguishing and earth resistivity model estimation respectively, the entire neural network can perform the denoising and inversion in the traditional sense at the same time, so as to obtain more objective and reliable estimation results of earth resistivity model. We use the Stacked Auto‐encoder neural network structure to implement the proposed method, and test the network performance with simulation and measured data. The results show that the proposed method can obtain a more reliable earth resistivity model directly from the noisy data.
Multiscale Temporal Response of Salt Intrusion to Transient River and Ocean Forcing
Authors: Payo‐Payo Marta , Bricheno Lucy M. , Dijkstra Yoeri M. , Cheng Weicong , Gong Wenping , Amoudry Laurent O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSalt intrusion in surface waters endangers freshwater availability, influences water quality, and affects estuarine ecosystem services with high economic and social values. Salt transport and the resulting salinity distributions result from the non‐linear interactions between salt and water dynamics. Estuaries are often considered under (quasi)‐steady assumption or by focusing on specific timescales. Our understanding of their temporal multiscale response to transient forcing is limited, which hinders the implementation of effective mitigation strategies. We apply wavelet analyses to quantify the variability of salt intrusion from hourly to seasonal timescales and unravel the temporal variability of its response across scales. We focus on an estuary that undergoes significant transient forcing, the Modaomen estuary in the Pearl River Delta, and apply the wavelet analyses to year‐long data generated by a coastal ocean numerical model. Our results show that this estuary responds to changes in tidal and riverine forcing throughout the year over interwoven timescales. Our results highlight the temporal variability of the salt intrusion response time both within a given regime and for the transition between regimes. They also suggest that tides control the response time more strongly than river discharge, even though river discharge determines the magnitude of the salt intrusion, and thus modulates the evolution of the salt intrusion response time. We propose a broadly applicable framework to calculate response times with simple data. These results can provide a first‐order guidance for design and implementation of estuarine management strategies and mitigation measures that ensure water access and facilitate sustainable development.