bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of the limited exhaustibility of knowledge on firm size and the direction of technological change
Authors: Antonelli Cristiano , Orsatti Gianluca , Pialli Guido 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe new knowledge intensive direction of technological change is magnified at the firm level by the limited exhaustibility of knowledge. This limited exhaustibility triggers cumulability and extensibility for which the larger the firm, the lower the knowledge generation costs from using a larger stock of existing knowledge, and the lower the knowledge exploitation costs related to a larger output based on use of the same piece of knowledge. The consequences for the direction of technological change are twofold. First, the larger the firm size, the larger the share of intangible capital in total capital. Second, the output elasticity of intangible capital increases with the size of the firm. We test our hypotheses on data on US listed companies over the period 1977–2016. The results of ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares and production function estimations confirm our theoretical expectations.
Rediscovery of 23 Historical Records of Naked-Eye Sunspot Observations in AD 1618
Authors: Wang Hongrui , Li Huiduan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe year 1618 was once regarded as a minimum of the first observed solar cycle or even the beginning of the extended Maunder minimum. However, new results from the annual dataset of radiocarbon (Usoskin et al., Astron. Astrophys. 649, A141, 2021) shows that 1620 was the solar minimum, instead of the year 1618. We revisited the sunspot activity in 1618 from historical records of naked-eye sunspot observations (HRNSOs) in China, as daily telescopic observations were found on only 28 days in 1618, and they are far from sufficient to resolve the difference. We rediscovered 23 HRNSOs from 1618 by a search of more than 800 historical books, with 15 HRNSOs identified as independent observations. From the sunspot records rediscovered here, the Chinese had seen several large sunspots in 1618. On 20 and 21 June 1618, the vapor-like sunspots were so large that even ordinary people could see them and thought that the Sun was abnormal. On 22 June 1618, at least three Chinese observers reported a huge group as a diffusive, round, and vapor-like object with an impressive size. The 23 HRNSOs rediscovered here provide valuable observations to determine the sunspot activity in the year 1618. Our result confirms the one from the annual dataset of radiocarbon, and shows that the year 1618 was quite active.
Hybrid Cramer-Rao Bound on Carrier and Sampling Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems in Rayleigh Fading Channels
Authors: Cheng Qi , Russell Mosin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling (clock) frequency offset (SFO) estimation, the hybrid Cramer-Rao bound (HCRB) is developed when the CFO, SFO, information-bearing symbols are deterministic and channel coefficients are random. Both noise and channel coefficients are complex Gaussian. The HCRB is a lower bound on the mean squared estimation error for any unbiased estimator of a parameter. For the HCRB to be applicable, it is necessary for deterministic parameters to be identifiable (uniquely determined). Some necessary identifiability conditions of some deterministic parameters are found and presented. The HCRB is dependent on the initial time instant. The HCRB is used to assess the performances of some existing methods via simulation. Our results demonstrate that even the best performance is still around 10 dB higher than the HCRB. Further effort is needed to develop more accurate methods.
A God at Play? Reexamining the Concept of Līlā in Hindu Philosophy and Theology
Authors: Lipner Julius J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLīlā, as a concept and term, has a long and complex history in Sanskritic Hinduism, yet, irrespective of context, it has routinely been translated by words signifying “play,” “sport,” and “game” in English and other languages. Focusing mainly on the term’s philosophical and theological connotations in Sanskritic Hinduism, this article challenges these facile and often misleading renderings. It analyzes the semantic functions and nuances of this deceptively multifaceted and important term over a range of contexts, from Vedāntic interpretations of Bādarāyaṇa’s Brahmasūtra 2.1.33 to the term’s meaning over a wide range of occurrences in Hindu tradition. In the process, attention is also given to the associated terms krīḍā and khelā.
Evaluation of Substance Use Disorder Readmission and Length of Hospital Stay in a Major Rehabilitation Center in the Gulf States: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ramadan Majed , Alharbi Aysha , Ahmad Rami Ghazi , Alkhalaf Ahmed , Alhusseini Noara , Algarni Alanood S. , Mohamed Izzeldin Siddig 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubstance use disorders (SUDs) patients have longer lengths of hospital stay, and more unplanned readmissions than other hospitalized patients. We aim to evaluate SUD-related rehospitalization and length of hospital stay in a major rehabilitation center that serves countries of the Gulf States. In a retrospective cohort study for 16-year data set in Al-Amal Hospital Electronic Health Record in the city of Dammam, Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, patients received services from the SUD treatment programs in the period of January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2021. We used cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate risk of readmission, and general linear model to examine the association between substance use disorders and length of hospital stay. Of the total cohort, 4398 (30.17%) were readmitted within 1 year of discharge date. More than half of the cohort were unemployed patients (52.93%). Patients diagnosed with amphetamine use disorder were 1.36 higher risk of readmission compared to no amphetamine disorder (HR = 1.36; CI (1.04, 1.78) P.02). Patients diagnosed with mental disorder had 7.25 times higher risk of longer hospital stay compared to no mental health disorder (coefficient = 7.25; P < .0001). Amphetamine use disorder increased the risk of readmission. A secondary diagnosis of mental disorders among SUD patients increased length of hospital stay. As a targeted region of amphetamine smuggling in the world, policy and clinical decision-makers in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States should consider taking proactive steps to minimize the future anticipated high demand for addiction treatment in the region.
Contextualizing AMO Explanations of Knowledge Sharing in MNEs: The Role of Organizational and National Culture
Authors: Gooderham Paul N. , Pedersen Torben , Sandvik Alexander Madsen , Dasí Àngels , Elter Frank , Hildrum Jarle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbility, motivation, and opportunity (AMO) approaches have dominated studies of knowledge sharing in multinational enterprises (MNEs). We argue that there is a need to consider both the national and organizational cultural contexts. Beyond their direct influence on knowledge sharing with colleagues in other business units (BUs), national and organizational culture significantly reinforce the positive relation between individual motivation and knowledge sharing. Thus, our multi-level approach to knowledge sharing in MNEs gives rise to a contextualized AMO approach that provides a novel and more potent understanding of variations in knowledge sharing. At the individual level, our approach includes the degree of ability in the sense of professional competence, intrinsic motivation, and opportunities to interact with colleagues in other BUs. At the organizational and country levels, we examine the direct and indirect effects of a collaborative culture on knowledge sharing. We employ data from an MNE that operates across a variety of regions, including the Nordic countries, Central and Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia. The sample consists of 11,484 individuals nested in 1235 departments in 11 countries. As well as confirming the significance of individual competence, intrinsic motivation, and opportunities for interaction for knowledge sharing, our findings reveal that both organizational culture and national culture are important factors for our understanding of knowledge sharing. This suggests that over and above recruiting intrinsically motivated employees, managers can enhance knowledge sharing by developing collaborative organizational cultures at the departmental level.
Distance mathematics education in Flanders, Germany, and the Netherlands during the COVID 19 lockdown—the student perspective
Authors: Thurm Daniel , Vandervieren Ellen , Moons Filip , Drijvers Paul , Barzel Bärbel , Klinger Marcel , van der Ree Heleen , Doorman Michiel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn March 2020, many schools worldwide were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This closure confronted mathematics teachers with the challenging transition to emergency remote teaching (ERT). How did students experience ERT, and how did these experiences relate to context variables and to their teachers’ beliefs and practices? In particular, what didactic approaches and formative assessment practices did secondary mathematics students experience, and which beliefs did they hold concerning digital mathematics education? How were these student experiences and beliefs related to student context variables (gender, need to support family, personal home equipment), teacher beliefs, delivery modes, and student appreciation of mathematics? To investigate these issues, we set out online questionnaires for mathematics teachers and their students in Flanders—the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium—, Germany, and the Netherlands. Data consisted of completed questionnaires by 323 mathematics teachers and 2126 of their students. Results show that even though students preferred regular face-to-face teaching, they were content with the quality of their teachers’ distance mathematics teaching. Students reported that they were taught new topics often, but did not experience teachers initiating peer feedback. High student appreciation of mathematics, good home environment, and more synchronous delivery of ERT were related to ERT experiences and more positive beliefs concerning digital mathematics education. These findings have implications for ERT teaching strategies in future, as well as for hybrid teaching practices.
Valeric acid acts as a novel HDAC3 inhibitor against prostate cancer
Authors: Han Rui , Yang Hongxing , Li Ya , Ling Changquan , Lu Lingeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProstate cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide, and new agents for curing the disease are still needed. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that valeric acid (VA) was a HDAC inhibitor, and anti-cancer efficacy of VA in prostate cancer cells was also observed using either 2D or 3D culture systems. VA was cytotoxic for prostate cancer cells but low toxic to normal cells. VA significantly inhibited E2F1/E2F3 expression but increased CASP3 activity. In vivo mouse models further showed its anti-cancer activity and potential property of chemosensitizer with promoting apoptosis. The findings suggest that VA acts as a HDAC3 inhibitor with anti-cancer effect on prostate cancer by regulating E2F1/E2F3/CASP3 axis.
Investigating a Genetic Link Between Alzheimer’s Disease and CADASIL-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Dunn Paul J. , Lea Rodney A. , Maksemous Neven , Smith Robert A. , Sutherland Heidi G. , Haupt Larisa M. , Griffiths Lyn R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Monogenic forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been identified through mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, whilst other genetic markers such as the APOE ε carrier allele status have been shown to increase the likelihood of having the disease. Mutations in these genes are not limited to AD, as APP mutations can also cause an amyloid form of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, whilst PSEN1 and PSEN2 are involved in NOTCH3 signalling, a process known to be dysregulated in the monogenic CSVD, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). The overlap between AD genes and causes of CSVD led to the hypothesis that mutations in other genes within the PANTHER AD–presenilin pathway may be novel causes of CSVD in a cohort of clinically suspicious CADASIL patients without a pathogenic NOTCH3 mutation. To investigate this, whole exome sequencing was performed on 50 suspected CADASIL patients with no NOTCH3 mutations, and a targeted gene analysis was completed on the PANTHER. ERN1 was identified as a novel candidate CSVD gene following predicted pathogenic gene mutation analysis. Rare variant burden testing failed to identify an association with any gene; however, it did show a nominally significant link with ERN1 and TRPC3. This study provides evidence to support a genetic overlap between CSVD and Alzheimer’s disease.
Development of a Quantitative UPLC-ESI/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Chitin and Protein Content in Insects
Authors: Luparelli Anna Valentina , Leni Giulia , Fuso Andrea , Pedrazzani Clara , Palini Sara , Sforza Stefano , Caligiani Augusta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a context where the commercial and nutritional interest in insect chitin is always increasing, an accurate and precise method to quantify this biopolymer, especially in food/feed, is required. In addition, quantification of insect crude protein through nitrogen determination is normally overestimated due to the presence of chitin. In this work, for the first time, an RP-UPLC-ESI/MS method for the simultaneous quantification in insects of chitin, as glucosamine (GlcN), and protein, as total amino acids, is presented. The method is based on acid hydrolysis and derivatization of amino acids and GlcN with the AccQ Tag reagent. Method was optimized and validated in terms of linearity, LOD and LOQ, intraday and inter-day repeatability, and accuracy. A hydrolysed commercial chitin was selected as reference standard for calibration. The instrumental LOD and LOQ correspond respectively to a concentration of 0.00068 mM and 0.00204 mM. The intraday precision satisfied the Horwitz ratio. Data from inter-day precision showed the necessity to perform the analysis within 1 week utilizing standard calibration solutions freshly prepared. A matrix effect was observed, which suggested the necessity to use an internal calibration curve or to work in a particular concentration range of GlcN. The chitin and protein content in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) were found in agreement with results obtained by independent methods. The optimized method was also tested on two different commercial food supplements, suggesting its applicability on a wide range of matrices. This newly developed method proved to be simple, more accurate, and faster if compared to methods which separately analyse chitin and protein content.
Safety and antitumor activity of copanlisib in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase Ib/II study
Authors: Fukuhara Noriko , Maruyama Dai , Hatake Kiyohiko , Nagai Hirokazu , Makita Shinichi , Kamezaki Kenjiro , Uchida Toshiki , Kusumoto Shigeru , Kuroda Junya , Iriyama Chisako , Yanada Masamitsu , Tsukamoto Norifumi , Suehiro Youko , Minami Hironobu , Garcia-Vargas Jose , Childs Barrett H. , Yasuda Masanobu , Masuda Shigeo , Tsujino Toshiaki , Terao Yui , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of copanlisib were evaluated in this phase Ib/II study in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The primary endpoint was safety at the recommended dose; efficacy endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. In phase Ib, patients received copanlisib 45 mg intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, and when tolerated, consecutive patients received copanlisib 60 mg. As no dose-limiting toxicities occurred at the 45 mg (n = 3) or 60 mg (n = 7) dose in phase Ib, the recommended dose for Japanese patients was determined to be 60 mg, and this dose was used in phase II (n = 15). Although all patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), with hyperglycemia being the most common AE, no AE-related deaths were reported. The ORR was 68.0% (17/25 patients), median PFS was 302 (95% CI 231–484) days, and the duration of response was 330 (range 65–659) days. The pharmacokinetic properties of copanlisib were similar between Japanese and non-Japanese patients. Overall, copanlisib 60 mg had an acceptable safety profile and showed promising antitumor activity in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory indolent NHL.
Active Women Across the Lifespan: Nutritional Ingredients to Support Health and Wellness
Authors: Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Cabre Hannah E. , Moore Sam R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWomen are the largest consumers of dietary supplements. Dietary supplements can play a role in health and performance, particularly for women. Growing evidence and innovations support the unique physiological and nutrient timing needs for women. Despite the need for more nutrition and exercise-specific research in women, initial data and known physiological differences between sexes related to the brain, respiration, bone, and muscle support new product development and evidence-based education for active women regarding the use of dietary supplements. In this narrative review, we discuss hormonal and metabolic considerations with the potential to impact nutritional recommendations for active women. We propose four potential areas of opportunity for ingredients to help support the health and well-being of active women, including: (1) body composition, (2) energy/fatigue, (3) mental health, and (4) physical health.
New Horizons in Carbohydrate Research and Application for Endurance Athletes
Authors: Podlogar Tim , Wallis Gareth A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe importance of carbohydrate as a fuel source for exercise and athletic performance is well established. Equally well developed are dietary carbohydrate intake guidelines for endurance athletes seeking to optimize their performance. This narrative review provides a contemporary perspective on research into the role of, and application of, carbohydrate in the diet of endurance athletes. The review discusses how recommendations could become increasingly refined and what future research would further our understanding of how to optimize dietary carbohydrate intake to positively impact endurance performance. High carbohydrate availability for prolonged intense exercise and competition performance remains a priority. Recent advances have been made on the recommended type and quantity of carbohydrates to be ingested before, during and after intense exercise bouts. Whilst reducing carbohydrate availability around selected exercise bouts to augment metabolic adaptations to training is now widely recommended, a contemporary view of the so-calledtrain-lowapproach based on the totality of the current evidence suggests limited utility for enhancing performance benefits from training. Nonetheless, such studies have focused importance on periodizing carbohydrate intake based on, among other factors, the goal and demand of training or competition. This calls for a much more personalized approach to carbohydrate recommendations that could be further supported through future research and technological innovation (e.g., continuous glucose monitoring). Despite more than a century of investigations into carbohydrate nutrition, exercise metabolism and endurance performance, there are numerous new important discoveries, both from an applied and mechanistic perspective, on the horizon.
Response and Adaptation of Single-Cropping Rice Growth Periods to Sowing Date, Cultivar Shift and Extreme Temperatures in China from 1981 to 2010
Authors: Liu Erhua , Zhou Guangsheng , Wu Bingyi , Song Yanling , He Qijin , Lv Xiaomin , Zhou Mengzi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCrop growth period responses to climate change directly affect yield and quality; these changes have been investigated, but few studies have researched the quantitative effects of the sowing date (SD), cultivar shift and extreme temperatures on the vegetative growth period (VGP) and reproductive growth period (RGP) of crops. Based on the observed growth periods and weather data from 30 agro-meteorological stations in Northeast China (NEC), the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR), the Sichuan Basin (SB) and on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) during 1981–2010, we found that (1) advancing the SD resulted in the extension of the VGP but had no significant effect on the RGP. (2) Cultivar shift mainly prolonged the RGP, and its mean contribution to the trend in the RGP (68.4%) was greater than that of climate change (31.6%). (3) Increases in growing degree days (GDD) tended to lengthen the VGP and RGP, and their mean relative contribution to the VGP (65.9%) was higher than that of the RGP (58.4%). (4) Increases in killing degree days (KDD) and decreases in cold degree days (CDD) tended to shorten the VGP and RGP, and the mean relative contribution of KDD to the VGP (− 18.8%) was lower than that of the RGP (− 29.8%), while the mean relative contribution of CDD to the VGP (− 15.2%) was higher than that of the RGP (− 10.9%). The findings highlight the adverse effects of KDD and CDD on the growth periods of single-cropping rice and show how a reasonable SD scientifically matched with suitable cultivar types can make full use of climate resources and mitigate the adverse effects of extreme temperatures.
French Gothic Ivories
Authors: Guerin Sarah M. 
Published: September 2022

This volume is the first to consider the golden century of Gothic ivory sculpture (1230-1330) in its material, theological, and artistic contexts. Providing a range of new sources and interpretations, Sarah Guérin charts the progressive development and deepening of material resonances expressed in these small-scale carvings. Guérin traces the journey of ivory tusks, from the intercontinental trade routes that delivered ivory tusks to northern Europe, to the workbenches of specialist artisans in medieval Paris, and, ultimately, the altars and private chapels in which these objects were venerated. She also studies the rich social lives and uses of a diverse range of art works fashioned from ivory, including standalone statuettes, diptychs, tabernacles, and altarpieces. Offering new insights into the resonances that ivory sculpture held for their makers and viewers, Guérin's study contributes to our understanding of the history of materials, craft, and later medieval devotional practices.