bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving Beyond Health in All Policies: Exploring How Policy Could Front and Centre the Reduction of Social Inequities in Health
Authors: Holt Ditte Heering , Frohlich Katherine L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years there has been a proliferation of concepts to describe intersectoral health policies. Much of this work orients around the promise of Health in All Policies (HiAP), an intersectoral approach that promotes addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) and social inequities in health. However, in practice, questions of health equity are often marginal or unattainable. Based on a conceptual critique of HiAP, we explore some of the problems involved when trying to effectively design and implement policies with the explicit goal of reducing social inequities in health. We find that the intersectoral approaches to policymaking and implementation of health equity policies should be seen as distinct from Health in All Policies. Using the example of intersectoral health policies seeking to reduce smoking, we argue that they have been relatively ineffective at reducing social inequities in smoking. We suggest that the capability approach (CA) could provide the basis of a policy framework for guiding more effective intersectoral policy action to reduce social inequities in health.
Conclusion: The Added Value of Political Science in, of, and with Public Health
Authors: de Leeuw Evelyne , Fafard Patrick , Cassola Adèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought into never-before-seen sharp focus the challenges at the interface between health and public policy. To address these challenges, epistemic trespassing is required and, more precisely, engagement between public health and political science. This book highlights the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of public health political science, explores the empirical contributions, and calls for deeper engagement between public health and political science. Not surprisingly, challenges remain: the need to unite, both spatially and conceptually, the global network of colleagues at this interface and expand it to include perspectives from the Global South and from places where democratic institutions are truncated if not completely absent; the need to promote more cross-disciplinary teaching, training, and research in public health and political science; and engagement with the full range of political science sub-disciplines beyond those highlighted in this volume. Finally, there is a need to leave the ivory towers of academe (whether political science or public health) and more proactively engage with policymaking efforts if we are to not simply make a point but make a difference.
Sidestepping the Stalemate: The Strategies of Public Health Actors for Circulating Evidence into the Policy Process
Authors: Clavier Carole , Gagnon France , Poland Blake 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe premise of this book is that public health policy is locked in a stalemate between the evidence-based and the politics-driven policy-making perspectives. This chapter argues that local public health actors on the ground develop strategies to work around this stalemate and circulate their evidence into the policy process. These strategies are indicative of a politically savvy conception of the policy process. The argument builds on data from an empirical study of active transportation policies in Montréal and Toronto (Canada) using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). In several instances, public health actors sidestepped political constraints by circulating their data to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and citizens or by building “coalitions” with stakeholders sharing similar policy values. We argue that these strategies for circulating evidence show how science and politics are intertwined in local practices. Local public health actors sometimes take the moral high ground but are also keenly attentive and attuned to local politics. The following strategies could help sidestep the stalemate: better connecting public health evidence with practical policy solutions; developing sustained interactions with non-public health actors working with or advocating for these policy solutions and getting the help of boundary actors skilled in connecting problems and solutions across policy sectors.
Geographies and Theories of Geography: An Introduction
Authors: Jakobsen Peter , Jönsson Erik , Larsen Henrik Gutzon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApproaching Nordic human geography as an evolving community of practice with strong historical-geographical legacies, this chapter introduces the two overarching themes of the book. On the one hand, we foreground how geography has been, and is, theorised in Nordic human geography, particularly (but not exclusively) as socio-spatial theory. On the other hand, if often intersecting with the former, we seek to highlight the importance of historical-geographical context in geographical theorising and research. Following from this, and acknowledging that the balancing of these themes differs between the individual contributions, the chapter outlines the approach of the book.
Nordic Geographies of Nation and Nationhood
Authors: Häkli Jouni , Strømsø Mette 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the development of Nordic socio-spatial theories on nation, nationalism, and national identities. We begin by providing an overview of the body of theoretical work on nation by Nordic scholars, with attention to key authors, their main theoretical positions, and methodological orientations. We intend to show how the research area emerged by the early 1990s as a minor theme in Nordic human geography, but then developed and intensified in the subsequent decades, along with the rise of the subfield of political geography in some Nordic countries and Finland in particular. We also describe how the research field transformed in the 2000s, along with the growing interest in globalization and transnationalization. After this we move into reflections on nation and nationalism arising from our own research trajectories, and how they link with and build on the Nordic theoretical traditions. This discussion will situate our chapter both through our own work as Nordic scholars, and through empirical illustrations from Finland and Norway. We conclude by outlining current challenges and new horizons in Nordic theoretical work on nation and nationalism.
Urban Space and Everyday Life: A Personal Theoretical Trajectory Within Nordic Social and Cultural Geography
Authors: Simonsen Kirsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs an example of socio-spatial theorization within the Nordic context, this chapter is written as an autobiographic narrative of my intellectual development from the 1970s to 2021. It is a story involving a steady positioning in the ‘Nordic’ context, but within that a range of shifts in affiliations, as well as a participation in different intellectual networks – both Danish, Nordic and ‘International’ – all of which have influenced my thinking. The chapter is arranged in four parts: First, a presentation of some Nordic predecessors. This is followed by an intellectual history of what I call theoretical approximations to (a) a non-deterministic social ecology, (b) towards a theory of practice, and (c) an engagement with the formulation of a critical phenomenology – all involving issues of the urban question, of everyday life and of modalities of social space.
Territorial Structure: An Early Marxist Theorisation of Geography
Authors: Jakobsen Peter , Larsen Henrik Gutzon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRadical geography came only patchily to Nordic geography, and the development of theoretical Marxist geography was even sparser. But in the radical geography environment at Copenhagen University, a group of geographers in the 1970s developed a vocal and self-assured Marxist theory, which became known as the territorial-structure approach and drew its inspiration from the work of the GDR geographer Gerhard Schmidt-Renner. In this chapter we present a critical discussion of the territorial-structure approach as an example of an early theorisation of geography from a Marxist perspective. We discuss the central controversies that came to surround the approach, and we discuss the territorial-structure approach as a conscious effort to resist disciplinary specialisation and fragmentation of (human) geography. Our aim is not to resurrect the territorial-structure approach, but rather to investigate this theory as an important step towards socio-spatial theory in Nordic geography.
Synthesis of Physical and Human Geography: Necessary and Impossible?
Authors: Holt-Jensen Arild 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThroughout its recorded history, the aims of geography have shifted between synthesis and specialized systematic studies. Cosmography, as understood by Alexander von Humboldt and others, presented an ambitious synthesis of climate, topography, biogeography, settlement and human life. Explorations financed by geographical societies gradually led to growth of specialized disciplines, particularly in natural sciences. This broad activity was regarded as geography by the general public and those that established geography chairs 1870–1910. The first professors adhered to synthesis of human and physical geography and found relevant research themes. Initially geography was dominated by environmental determinism, possibilism and a focus on regional geography through synthesis. Gradually specialized research in systematic branches led to a nomothetic shift to spatial science, inspiring models in both human and physical geography. Synthesis of physical and human geography remained an aim within spatial science but provided few integrating research exemplars. Synthesis of physical and human geo-factors was fundamental for the first professors and was seen as a goal for many geographers in the following generations, but has been difficult to attain in research projects. However, present global changes give our discipline new relevance for research on global sustainability.
The Problem with XSD Binary Floating Point Datatypes in RDF
Authors: Keil Jan Martin , Gänßinger Merle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe XSD binary floating point datatypes are regularly used for precise numeric values in RDF. However, the use of these datatypes for knowledge representation can systematically impair the quality of data and, compared to the XSD decimal datatype, increases the probability of data processing producing false results. We argue why in most cases the XSD decimal datatype is better suited to represent numeric values in RDF. A survey of the actual usage of datatypes on the relevant subset of the December 2020 Web Data Commons dataset, containing 19 453 060 341 literals from real web data, substantiates the practical relevancy of the described problem: 29%–68% of binary floating point values are distorted due to the datatype.
The Impacts of Online Education on Ecology of Learning and Social Learning Processes
Authors: Bağcı Cahit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopments in the IT sector and technological advancements around the world have forced educational systems to also change accordingly. Radically affecting the usual flow and order of economic and social life around the world, the global COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation have generated rapid changes. The ongoing process has revealed no previous preparations to have occurred or principles to have been designed for dealing with unforeseen circumstances in terms of matters ranging from internet infrastructure to technological equipment, digital educational tools, access to content, education managers, educators, students, and parents, digital literacy, and social learning environments. A future remodeling of social learning processes, particularly the role of school, ecology, and models of learning is predicted. Education is expected to become a hybrid system composed of face-to-face and online learning processes paralleling one another, whereas teaching is predicted to take place over digital platforms through different modules and software programs. Evaluation, accreditation, and certification are fully expected to take place digitally. Schools will be reshaped with a functional mission in mind, paying special attention to behavior, ethics, consciousness, values, culture, civilization, history, art, and sports; the development of skills, socialization, group work, and teamwork; social and psychological development; and analytical thinking. Rather than engaging in theoretical discussions, this article will tackle the predomination of digitalization and the effect of online education policies and applications on social learning processes as well as the ecology of learning. This article will present solutions, analyzing these matters regarding their pedagogical as well as problematic dimensions.
Conceptions of Society and Education Paradigm in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Erdoğan Coşkun Aynur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the structural features and problem areas of modern education systems, then discusses new social and educational ideas that offer solutions to these problems. From the nineteenth to the twenty-first century, information was given on the social models and educational systems that coincided with the turning points of industrial developments. While factory organization as characterized by mass production and nation-state citizenship shaped the education system of industrial societies, digitization and its values have left their mark on educational systems in the information society. Advanced technological developments in areas such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, or the Internet of things have led to a techno-futuristic model of society being placed on the agenda. In this context, we pursue the questions of how new technologies are changing the education system and what kind of solutions they are offering to its problems for education in future societies. New technologies are argued to have not eliminated the basic problems we must deal with in the contemporary world such as equal opportunity in education and student-centered education.
Complementary omics strategies to dissect p53 signaling networks under nutrient stress
Authors: Galhuber Markus , Michenthaler Helene , Heininger Christoph , Reinisch Isabel , Nössing Christoph , Krstic Jelena , Kupper Nadja , Moyschewitz Elisabeth , Auer Martina , Heitzer Ellen , Ulz Peter , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Liesinger Laura , Lenihan-Geels Georgia Ngawai , Oster Moritz , Spreitzer Emil , Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo , Schulz Tim J. , Schupp Michael , Madl Tobias , Heck Albert J. R. , Prokesch Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSignaling trough p53is a major cellular stress response mechanism and increases upon nutrient stresses such as starvation. Here, we show in a human hepatoma cell line that starvation leads to robust nuclear p53 stabilization. Using BioID, we determine the cytoplasmic p53 interaction network within the immediate-early starvation response and show that p53 is dissociated from several metabolic enzymes and the kinase PAK2 for which direct binding with the p53 DNA-binding domain was confirmed with NMR studies. Furthermore, proteomics after p53 immunoprecipitation (RIME) uncovered the nuclear interactome under prolonged starvation, where we confirmed the novel p53 interactors SORBS1 (insulin receptor signaling) and UGP2 (glycogen synthesis). Finally, transcriptomics after p53 re-expression revealed a distinct starvation-specific transcriptome response and suggested previously unknown nutrient-dependent p53 target genes. Together, our complementary approaches delineate several nodes of the p53 signaling cascade upon starvation, shedding new light on the mechanisms of p53 as nutrient stress sensor. Given the central role of p53 in cancer biology and the beneficial effects of fasting in cancer treatment, the identified interaction partners and networks could pinpoint novel pharmacologic targets to fine-tune p53 activity.
Stratospheric Planetary Flows from the Perspective of the Euler Equation on a Rotating Sphere
Authors: Constantin A. , Germain P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article is devoted to stationary solutions of Euler’s equation on a rotating sphere, and to their relevance to the dynamics of stratospheric flows in the atmosphere of the outer planets of our solar system and in polar regions of the Earth. For the Euler equation, under appropriate conditions, rigidity results are established, ensuring that the solutions are either zonal or rotated zonal solutions. A natural analogue of Arnold’s stability criterion is proved. In both cases, the lowest mode Rossby–Haurwitz stationary solutions (more precisely, those whose stream functions belong to the sum of the first two eigenspaces of the Laplace-Beltrami operator) appear as limiting cases. We study the stability properties of these critical stationary solutions. Results on the local and global bifurcation of non-zonal stationary solutions from classical Rossby–Haurwitz waves are also obtained. Finally, we show that stationary solutions of the Euler equation on a rotating sphere are building blocks for travelling-wave solutions of the 3D system that describes the leading order dynamics of stratospheric planetary flows, capturing the characteristic decrease of density and increase of temperature with height in this region of the atmosphere.
The Impact of Post‐Thyroidectomy Neck Stretching Exercises on Neck Discomfort, Pressure Symptoms, Voice and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Thorsen Rikke Taudal , Døssing Helle , Bonnema Steen Joop , Brix Thomas Heiberg , Godballe Christian , Sorensen Jesper Roed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollowing surgery for benign nodular goiter, patients may experience neck and shoulder pain, neck pressure and tightness, choking sensation, altered voice function, and dysphagia leading to decreased short‐term quality of life (QoL). This single‐blinded randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of post‐thyroidectomy rehabilitative neck stretching and movement exercises on these variables including QoL.MethodsPatients undergoing thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy were randomized to perform neck stretching and movement exercises three times daily in four weeks following surgery (intervention group) or conventional follow‐up without exercises (control group). Outcome measures were scores in the following questionnaires: Disease‐specific Thyroid‐Related Patient‐Reported Outcome (ThyPRO‐39) involving symptoms of “sense of fullness in the neck,” “pressure in the throat,” and “discomfort swallowing” combined in the multi‐item Goiter Symptom Scale, the Voice Handicap‐Index‐10 (VHI‐10), neck and shoulder pain measurement by a numeric rating scale (NRS), and General measure of health (EQ‐5D‐5L). All scores were assessed prior to surgery and one, two, four weeks, and three months after surgery. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model.ResultsEighty‐nine patients were included and randomized to the control (n = 45) or the intervention group (n = 44). At three months after surgery, both the control and the intervention group experienced large to moderate improvements in the Goiter symptom and Hyperthyroid symptom scale of the ThyPRO questionnaire (p < 0.004). No significant between‐group differences were found in any of the other applied scales.ConclusionsThis study confirms that patients experience profound improvements in QoL after surgery for benign nodular goiter. However, early post‐thyroidectomy neck stretching and movement exercises did not result in further QoL improvement, reduction in pain or less impacted subjective voice function for patients primarily undergoing thyroid lobectomy.Trial Registration Number NCT04645056 (https://clinicaltrials.gov)
Loss of the heterogeneous expression of flippase ATP11B leads to cerebral small vessel disease in a normotensive rat model
Authors: Quick Sophie , Procter Tessa V. , Moss Jonathan , Seeker Luise , Walton Marc , Lawson Angus , Baker Serena , Beletski Anna , Garcia Daniela Jaime , Mohammad Mehreen , Mungall William , Onishi Ami , Tobola Zuzanna , Stringer Michael , Jansen Maurits A. , Vallatos Antoine , Giarratano Ylenia , Bernabeu Miguel O. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Williams Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the leading cause of vascular dementia, causes a quarter of strokes, and worsens stroke outcomes. The disease is characterised by patchy cerebral small vessel and white matter pathology, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This microvascular and tissue damage has been classically considered secondary to extrinsic factors, such as hypertension, but this fails to explain the patchy nature of the disease, the link to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction even when hypertension is absent, and the increasing evidence of high heritability to SVD-related brain damage. We have previously shown the link between deletion of the phospholipase flippase Atp11b and EC dysfunction in an inbred hypertensive rat model with SVD-like pathology and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ATP11B associated with human sporadic SVD. Here, we generated a novel normotensive transgenic rat model, where Atp11b is deleted, and show pathological, imaging and behavioural changes typical of those in human SVD, but that occur without hypertension. Atp11bKO rat brain and retinal small vessels show ECs with molecular and morphological changes of dysfunction, with myelin disruption in a patchy pattern around some but not all brain small vessels, similar to the human brain. We show that ATP11B/ATP11B is heterogeneously expressed in ECs in normal rat and human brain even in the same transverse section of the same blood vessel, suggesting variable effects of the loss of ATP11B on each vessel and an explanation for the patchy nature of the disease. This work highlights a link between inherent EC dysfunction and vulnerability to SVD white matter damage with a marked heterogeneity of ECs in vivo which modulates this response, occurring even in the absence of hypertension. These findings refocus our strategies for therapeutics away from antihypertensive (and vascular risk factor) control alone and towards ECs in the effort to provide alternative targets to prevent a major cause of stroke and dementia.
From first report to clinical trials: a bibliometric overview and visualization of the development of Angelman syndrome research
Authors: Zampeta F. Isabella , Distel Ben , Elgersma Ype , Iping Rik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAngelman syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations affecting the chromosomal 15q11-13 region, either by contiguous gene deletions, imprinting defects, uniparental disomy, or mutations in the UBE3A gene itself. Phenotypic abnormalities are driven primarily, but not exclusively (especially in 15q11-13 deletion cases) by loss of expression of the maternally inherited UBE3A gene expression. The disorder was first described in 1965 by the English pediatrician Harry Angelman. Since that first description of three children with Angelman syndrome, there has been extensive research into the genetic, molecular and phenotypic aspects of the disorder. In the last decade, this has resulted in over 100 publications per year. Collectively, this research has led the field to a pivotal point in which restoring UBE3A function by genetic therapies is currently explored in several clinical trials. In this study, we employed a bibliometric approach to review and visualize the development of Angelman syndrome research over the last 50 years. We look into different parameters shaping the progress of the Angelman syndrome research field, including source of funding, publishing journals and international collaborations between research groups. Using a network approach, we map the focus of the research field and how that shifted over time. This overview helps understand the shift of research focus in the field and can provide a comprehensive handbook of Angelman syndrome research development.