bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fruits and Vegetables and Human Health Risk Assessment: Findings From Maharashtra, India
Authors: Mawari Govind , Kumar Naresh , Sarkar Sayan , Daga Mradul Kumar , Singh Mongjam Meghachandra , Joshi Tushar Kant , Khan Naushad Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

background: Vegetables are consumed enormously by humans all over the world. Consumption of contaminated fruits and vegetables is the most likely route of heavy metal exposure. Hence, it is important to quantify heavy metal concentration in frequently consumed fruits and vegetables. materials and methods: The main aim of our study is to investigate heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) contamination in 24 different kinds of vegetables and fruits grown in the industrialized city of Solapur, Maharashtra, India. Potential health risks due to the consumption of fruits and vegetables were assessed. Heavy metal concentration and quality of native soil were also determined. Vegetable and fruit samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Agilent 7500. results: The mean concentrations of selected heavy metals in fruits and vegetables analyzed were: Lead (0.17 ± 0.38 mg/kg) > Mercury (0.06 ± 0.09 mg/kg) > Cadmium (0.02 ± 0.007 mg/kg) > Arsenic (0.002 ± 0.003 mg/kg). Among them, garlic showed the highest heavy metal accumulation followed by potato. conclusion: Overall, vegetables showed higher metal accumulations than fruits. Some vegetables showed alarming levels of human health risk indices such as the Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Hazard Index (HI), suggesting that reducing the intake amount of these vegetables may lower the adverse health effects.
Interventional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: current applications, technology readiness level, and future perspectives
Authors: Rier Sophie C. , Vreemann Suzan , Nijhof Wouter H. , van Driel Vincent J.H.M. , van der Bilt Ivo A.C. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides excellent temporal and spatial resolution, tissue characterization, and flow measurements. This enables major advantages when guiding cardiac invasive procedures compared with X-ray fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance. However, clinical implementation is limited due to limited availability of technological advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible equipment. A systematic review of the available literature on past and present applications of interventional MR and its technology readiness level (TRL) was performed, also suggesting future applications. Methods: A structured literature search was performed using PubMed. Search terms were focused on interventional CMR, cardiac catheterization, and other cardiac invasive procedures. All search results were screened for relevance by language, title, and abstract. TRL was adjusted for use in this article, level 1 being in a hypothetical stage and level 9 being widespread clinical translation. The papers were categorized by the type of procedure and the TRL was estimated. Results: Of 466 papers, 117 papers met the inclusion criteria. TRL was most frequently estimated at level 5 meaning only applicable to in vivo animal studies. Diagnostic right heart catheterization and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation had the highest TRL of 8, meaning proven feasibility and efficacy in a series of humans. Conclusion: This article shows that interventional CMR has a potential widespread application although clinical translation is at a modest level with TRL usually at 5. Future development should be directed toward availability of MR-compatible equipment and further improvement of the CMR techniques. This could lead to increased TRL of interventional CMR providing better treatment.
Temporal processing deficit in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An online assessment
Authors: Chan Agnes S , Ding Zihan , Lee Tsz-lok , Sze Sophia L , Yang Natalie S 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTemporal processing deficits were found among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study aims to develop an online temporal processing assessment that can be conducted remotely, and the sensitivity of the test was assessed on a group of children with ADHD.MethodsA total of 188 children were recruited, including 94 typically developing (TD) children, and 94 children with ADHD. The online assessment consists of two temporal-order judgment (TOJ) tasks. One task used tone pairs presented with two interstimulus intervals (ISIs) (305ms and 40ms). Another task used pairs of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables with 20 varying ISI levels. Participants were asked to determine the sequence of the sound pairs.ResultsThe results showed that ADHD children were less accurate (ISI 305ms: M = 83.90%; ISI 40ms: M = 66.28%) than TD children (ISI 305ms: M = 89.36%; ISI 40ms: M = 77.16%) in the tone task. Similarly, ADHD children showed a higher ISI passing threshold ( M = 283.64ms) than TD children ( M = 199.76ms) and higher accuracy in the CV task. Hierarchical binary logistic regression suggested a model to predict ADHD children using accuracy in ISI 40ms in the tone task and ISI passing threshold in the CV task. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded a sensitivity of 75.58% and a specificity of 51.11%.ConclusionADHD children showed temporal processing deficits of both tones and CVs. The online assessment may be a valid tool for differentiating ADHD children from TD children.
Psychosocial Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Couples: Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Communication of Both Partners
Authors: Busch Ada-Katrin , Fringer André 
Published: August 2022

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) influences the relationships of affected couples, whereby the disease-related stress can lead to a deterioration of communication. This, in turn, makes it difficult for the couples to cope successfully. To support couples affected by MS for coping with the disease, the first step in developing an intervention is to examine whether this situation also applies in the Swiss context. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the psychosocial situation of couples where 1 partner has MS, regarding anxiety, depression, and stress communication. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS-D) were used to assess depression and anxiety in both partners of 462 couples, while their stress communication was assessed using questions formulated according to the corresponding subscales of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). A comparison of the assessments of both partners was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, the relationship between their stress communication and the severity of anxiety and depression was calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: Life partners rated the stress communication of their partners with MS significantly higher than the partners with MS themselves. Moreover, life partners could not distinguish whether their partners with MS expressed a sense of burden or a need for support. These findings indicate that the stress communication skills of both partners show potential for optimization. Health status regarding depression and anxiety revealed the following: 34.2% of the persons with MS and 34% of their life partners experienced clinically high levels of anxiety (HADS-D/A ≥ 8.0), and 31.4% of those with MS and 20.2% of the life partners showed clinically high levels of depression (HADS-D/D ≥ 8.0). Conclusion: In the Swiss context, psychosocial intervention, which includes communication training for both partners, might be effective in improving the health status regarding depression and anxiety as well as the stress communication.
Normalization of cerebral hemodynamics after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Hulbert Monica L. , Fields Melanie E. , Guilliams Kristin P. , Bijlani Priyesha , Shenoy Shalini , Fellah Slim , Towerman Alison S. , Binkley Michael M. , McKinstry Robert C. , Shimony Joshua S. , Chen Yasheng , Eldeniz Cihat , Ragan Dustin K. , Vo Katie , An Hongyu , Lee Jin-Moo , Ford Andria L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) demonstrate cerebral hemodynamic stress and are at high risk of strokes. We hypothesized that curative hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) normalizes cerebral hemodynamics in children with SCD compared with pre-transplant baseline. Whole-brain cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging 1 to 3 months before and 12 to 24 months after HSCT in 10 children with SCD. Three children had prior overt strokes, 5 children had prior silent strokes, and 1 child had abnormal transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities. CBF and OEF of HSCT recipients were compared with non-SCD control participants and with SCD participants receiving chronic red blood cell transfusion therapy (CRTT) before and after a scheduled transfusion. Seven participants received matched sibling donor HSCT, and 3 participants received 8 out of 8 matched unrelated donor HSCT. All received reduced-intensity preparation and maintained engraftment, free of hemolytic anemia and SCD symptoms. Pre-transplant, CBF (93.5 mL/100 g/min) and OEF (36.8%) were elevated compared with non-SCD control participants, declining significantly 1 to 2 years after HSCT (CBF, 72.7 mL/100 g per minute; P = .004; OEF, 27.0%; P = .002), with post-HSCT CBF and OEF similar to non-SCD control participants. Furthermore, HSCT recipients demonstrated greater reduction in CBF (−19.4 mL/100 g/min) and OEF (−8.1%) after HSCT than children with SCD receiving CRTT after a scheduled transfusion (CBF, −0.9 mL/100 g/min; P = .024; OEF, −3.3%; P = .001). Curative HSCT normalizes whole-brain hemodynamics in children with SCD. This restoration of cerebral oxygen reserve may explain stroke protection after HSCT in this high-risk patient population.
Epidemiology of distal radius fractures: a detailed survey on a large sample of patients in a suburban area
Authors: Candela V. , Di Lucia P. , Carnevali C. , Milanese A. , Spagnoli A. , Villani C. , Gumina Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Literature lacks data on correlations between epidemiology and clinical data of patients with distal radius fractures (DRFs).

Aim
The aim of this study was to present a detailed epidemiologic survey of a large consecutive series of patient with DRFs.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 827 consecutive patients (579 females, 248 men) who sustained a DRFs in the last 5 years. All fractures were radiographically evaluated. DRFs were classified according to Association of Osteosynthesis classification. Data on age, gender, side, period in which fracture occurred, and fracture mechanism were collected. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results
The patients’ mean age was 60.23 [standard deviation (SD) 16.65] years, with the left side being most frequently involved (56.1%). The mean age of females at the time of fracture was significantly higher than that of males.
The most frequent pattern of fracture was the complete articular fracture (64.3%), while the most represented fracture type was 2R3A2.2 (21.5%). Regarding the period in which the fracture occurred, 305 DRFs (37.5%) were observed in the warmer months and 272 (33.4%) in the colder months. Low-energy trauma occurring outside home was found to be the major cause of DRF throughout the year.
In both genders, trauma mechanism 2 was more frequent (59.4% F; 31.9% M; p < 0.01).
A bimodal distribution of fracture mechanisms was found in males when considering the patient’s age with a high-energy mechanism of fracture (3 and 4), identified in 21% (n = 52) of males aged 18–45 years, and a low-energy mechanism (1 and 2) was observed in 39.9% (n = 99) of males aged > 45 years. A significant correlation between all trauma mechanisms (from 1 to 6) and different fracture patterns (complete, partial, and extraarticular) was found (p value < 0.001). The mean age of patients with extraarticular fractures (mean age 61.75 years; SD 18.18 years) was higher than that of those with complete (mean age 59.84 years; SD 15.67 years) and partial fractures (mean age 55.26 years; SD 18.31 years). Furthermore, considering different fracture patterns and patient age groups, a statistically significant difference was found (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
DRFs have a higher prevalence in females, an increase in incidence with older age, and no seasonal predisposition. Low-energy trauma occurring at home is the main cause of fracture among younger males sustaining fractures after sports trauma; Complete articular is the most frequent fracture pattern, while 2R3A2.2 is most frequent fracture type.

Level of evidence
Level IV; case series; descriptive epidemiology study.
Crowdsourced benchmarking of taxonomic metagenome profilers: lessons learned from the sbv IMPROVER Microbiomics challenge
Authors: Poussin Carine , Khachatryan Lusine , Sierro Nicolas , Narsapuram Vijay Kumar , Meyer Fernando , Kaikala Vinay , Chawla Vandna , Muppirala Usha , Kumar Sunil , Belcastro Vincenzo , Battey James N. D. , Scotti Elena , Boué Stéphanie , McHardy Alice C. , Peitsch Manuel C. , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Hoeng Julia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Selection of optimal computational strategies for analyzing metagenomics data is a decisive step in determining the microbial composition of a sample, and this procedure is complex because of the numerous tools currently available. The aim of this research was to summarize the results of crowdsourced sbv IMPROVER Microbiomics Challenge designed to evaluate the performance of off-the-shelf metagenomics software as well as to investigate the robustness of these results by the extended post-challenge analysis. In total 21 off-the-shelf taxonomic metagenome profiling pipelines were benchmarked for their capacity to identify the microbiome composition at various taxon levels across 104 shotgun metagenomics datasets of bacterial genomes (representative of various microbiome samples) from public databases. Performance was determined by comparing predicted taxonomy profiles with the gold standard.

Results
Most taxonomic profilers performed homogeneously well at the phylum level but generated intermediate and heterogeneous scores at the genus and species levels, respectively. kmer-based pipelines using Kraken with and without Bracken or using CLARK-S performed best overall, but they exhibited lower precision than the two marker-gene-based methods MetaPhlAn and mOTU. Filtering out the 1% least abundance species—which were not reliably predicted—helped increase the performance of most profilers by increasing precision but at the cost of recall. However, the use of adaptive filtering thresholds determined from the sample’s Shannon index increased the performance of most kmer-based profilers while mitigating the tradeoff between precision and recall.

Conclusions
kmer-based metagenomic pipelines using Kraken/Bracken or CLARK-S performed most robustly across a large variety of microbiome datasets. Removing non-reliably predicted low-abundance species by using diversity-dependent adaptive filtering thresholds further enhanced the performance of these tools. This work demonstrates the applicability of computational pipelines for accurately determining taxonomic profiles in clinical and environmental contexts and exemplifies the power of crowdsourcing for unbiased evaluation.
Soil fungal communities show more specificity than bacteria for plant species composition in a temperate forest in China
Authors: Chen Yun , Xi Jingjing , Xiao Man , Wang Senlin , Chen Wenju , Liu Fengqin , Shao Yizhen , Yuan Zhiliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Soil microbiome is an important part of the forest ecosystem and participates in forest ecological restoration and reconstruction. Niche differentiation with respect to resources is a prominent hypothesis to account for the maintenance of species diversity in forest ecosystems. Resource-based niche differentiation has driven ecological specialization. Plants influence soil microbial diversity and distribution by affecting the soil environment. However, with the change in plant population type, whether the distribution of soil microbes is random or follows an ecologically specialized manner remains to be further studied. We characterized the soil microbiome (bacteria and fungi) in different plant populations to assess the effects of phytophysiognomy on the distribution patterns of soil microbial communities in a temperate forest in China.

Results
Our results showed that the distribution of most soil microbes in different types of plant populations is not random but specialized in these temperate forests. The distribution patterns of bacteria and fungi were related to the composition of plant communities. Fungal species (32%) showed higher specialization than bacterial species (15%) for different types of plant populations. Light was the main driving factor of the fungal community, and soil physicochemical factors were the main driving factor of the bacterial community.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that ecological specialization is important in maintaining local diversity in soil microbial communities in this forest. Fungi are more specialized than bacteria in the face of changes in plant population types. Changes in plant community composition could have important effects on soil microbial communities by potentially influencing the stability and stress resistance of forest ecosystems.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of flavonoid biosynthesis provides novel insights into petals coloration in Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)
Authors: Xing Aishuang , Wang Xiaoyang , Nazir Mian Faisal , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Xiuxiu , Yang Ru , Chen Baojun , Fu Guoyong , Wang Jingjing , Ge Hao , Peng Zhen , Jia Yinhua , He Shoupu , Du Xiongming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.), as a precious germplasm resource of cotton with insect resistance and stress tolerance, possesses a broad spectrum of phenotypic variation related to pigmentation. Flower color affects insect pollination and the ornamental value of plants. Studying flower color of Asian cotton varieties improves the rate of hybridization and thus enriches the diversity of germplasm resources. Meanwhile, it also impacts the development of the horticultural industry. Unfortunately, there is a clear lack of studies concerning intricate mechanisms of cotton flower-color differentiation. Hereby, we report an integrative approach utilizing transcriptome and metabolome concerning flower color variation in three Gossypium arboreum cultivars.

Results
A total of 215 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified, including 83 differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs). Colorless kaempferol was more abundant in white flowers, while gossypetin-fer showed specificity in white flowers. Quercetin and gossypetin were the main contributors to yellow petal formation. Pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-(6''-Malonylglucoside) showed high accumulation levels in purple petals. Quercetin and gossypetin pigments also promoted purple flower coloration. Moreover, 8178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing. The correlation results between total anthocyanins and DEGs were explored, indicating that 10 key structural genes and 29 transcription factors promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis and could be candidates for anthocyanin accumulation. Ultimately, we constructed co-expression networks of key DAFs and DEGs and demonstrated the interactions between specific metabolites and transcripts in different color flowers.

Conclusion
This study provides new insights into elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of cotton flower color and lays a potential foundation for generate cotton varieties with highly attractive flowers for pollinators.
Predictive factors of acute sensorineural hearing loss in adult Japanese patients for clinical application by primary care doctors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Miwa Toru , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Kita Shin-ichiro , Osaka Kazuto , Kanai Rie , Maetani Toshiki , Kanemaru Shin-ichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Several methods are used for hearing loss screening; however, their benefits are uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine the predictive factors of acute sensorineural hearing loss for clinical application by primary care doctors.

Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 365 patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss without prior therapy. The patients’ clinical data, demographic information, and medical histories were obtained, and they were asked about comorbidities. In addition, we assessed lifestyle factors such as stress level, alcohol consumption, marital status, and socioeconomic level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the diagnostic predictive ability of the selected factors associated with acute sensorineural hearing loss. The hearing levels of all patients were evaluated using pure tone audiometry.

Results
We identified significant predictive factors for acute sensorineural hearing loss. The absence of hyperacusis was a predictive factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Younger age, female sex, and marital status were predictive factors for acute low-tone hearing loss. High body mass index, high socioeconomic level, low alcohol consumption, high stress level, hyperacusis, and vertigo/dizziness were predictive factors for Ménière’s disease. High body mass index and ear fullness were predictive factors for perilymph fistula. Low stress level was a predictive factor for acoustic tumours.

Conclusions
Our findings can be used to distinguish between the types of acute sensorineural hearing loss. Symptoms, physical status, and lifestyle factors identified during this study are useful markers for predicting acute sensorineural hearing loss occurrence.