bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and aqueous phase reforming for integrated production of biocrude and renewable H2
Authors: Di Fraia Arturo , Miliotti Edoardo , Rizzo Andrea Maria , Zoppi Giulia , Pipitone Giuseppe , Pirone Raffaele , Rosi Luca , Chiaramonti David , Bensaid Samir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLignin‐rich stream from lignocellulosic ethanol production was converted into biocrude by continuous hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) while hydrogen was produced by aqueous phase reforming (APR) of the HTL aqueous by‐product. The effects of Na2CO3 and NaOH were investigated both in terms of processability of the feedstock as well as yield and composition of the obtained products. A maximum biocrude yield of 27 wt% was reached in the NaOH‐catalyzed runs. A relevant amount of dissolved phenolics were detected in the co‐produced aqueous phase (AP), and removed by liquid–liquid extraction using butyl acetate or diethyl ether, preserving the APR catalyst stability and reaching an hydrogen yield up to 146 mmol H2 L−1 AP. Preliminary mass balances integrating HTL and APR showed that the hydrogen provided by APR may account for up to 46% of the hydrogen amount theoretically required for upgrading the HTL biocrude, thus significantly improving the process performance and sustainability.
Fostamatinib for the treatment of warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Phase 2, multicenter, open‐label study
Authors: Kuter David J. , Rogers Kerry A. , Boxer Michael A. , Choi Michael , Agajanian Richy , Arnold Donald M. , Broome Catherine M. , Field Joshua J. , Murakhovskaya Irina , Numerof Robert , Tong Sandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatients with relapsed warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) have limited treatment options. Fostamatinib is a potent, orally administered spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in the United States and Europe for the treatment of adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This phase 2 study evaluated the response to fostamatinib, administered at 150 mg BID orally with or without food in adults with wAIHA and active hemolysis with hemoglobin (Hgb) <10 g/dL who had failed at least one prior treatment. Hemoglobin levels and safety assessments were performed at visits every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was Hgb >10 g/dL with an increase of ≥2 g/dL from baseline by week 24 without rescue therapy or red blood cell transfusion. Eleven of 24 (46%) patients achieved the primary endpoint. Increases in median Hgb were detected at week 2 and sustained over time. Median lactate dehydrogenase levels and reticulocyte counts generally declined over time with little change in median haptoglobin levels. The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (42%), fatigue (42%), hypertension (27%), dizziness (27%), and insomnia (23%). AEs were manageable and consistent with the fostamatinib safety database of over 3900 patients across multiple diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, B‐cell lymphoma, COVID‐19, and ITP). No new safety signals were detected. Fostamatinib may be a promising therapeutic option for wAIHA. A randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 study is nearing completion.
Imidazole substituted benzothiadiazole derivatives as latent curing agent for epoxy thermosetting resin
Authors: Zhang Jie , Guo Zongwei , Ma Jinpeng , Song Lingxiao , Yang Guorui , Ao Yuhui , Shang Lei , Li Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs an important thermosetting resin, epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in the field of composite materials. Long storage time, rapid curing and low viscosity of one‐component EP is ideal for preparing composite materials by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). For this sake, we developed and synthesized a new imidazole thermal latent curing agent, 4,7‐diimidazol‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTD‐MZ2) with a yield of about 75%. The curing behavior, thermal stability and storage time of the prepared EP system was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), modular compact rheometer (MCR), respectively. DSC results showed that EP/17.5 wt% BTD‐MZ2 had a good latent period at low temperature, and can rapidly cure EP when heated to 150°C. TGA results show that BTD‐MZ2 promoted the formation of carbon residue and the residual carbon rate of EP/17.5 wt% BTD‐MZ2 is as high as 37.9%. MCR results show that the storage time of EP/17.5 wt% BTD‐MZ2 at 60°C can reach 850 min. In addition, it could play a role of catalyst used as co‐curing agents with aromatic amines for EP. DSC test showed that the addition of 5 wt% BTD‐MZ2 reduced the activation energy of EP/4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and promoted the curing reaction.
Characterization of shape memory silane cross‐linked low‐density polyethylene prepared by solid‐phase grafting process
Authors: Li Shuo , Chen Peirou , Zhou Dewen , Hou Mengqi , Wan Shanke , Cheng Qian , Yu Dongtao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSilane cross‐linking is a conventional process to improve the properties of polyethylene, and the most common process is completed by two‐step methods including melt grafting and hydrolytic cross‐linking. In this work, silane cross‐linked low‐density polyethylene (SXLPE) was prepared via solid‐phase grafting copolymerization for the grafting of vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) onto low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The grafting efficiency and cross‐linking efficiency were determined by infrared analysis and gel content measurement, and the properties of the materials were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical performance test, and shape memory behavior characterization. As the benzoyl peroxide (BPO) content changes from 0.1 to 0.5 phr, the SXLPEs exhibit an increase of cross‐linking degree determined by gel content, a slight decrease of crystallinity, an improvement of thermal stability, and enhancement of elastic modulus, and more chain entanglement. The solid‐phase grafting copolymerization retains substantial crystal regions of LDPE, which makes it show good shape memory properties, reaching 95% shape fixity ratio and 87% shape recovery ratio.
Understanding the Performance of Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Modulation of Nitric Oxide Release from S‐Nitrosothiols
Authors: Ling Pinghua , Gao Xianping , Zang Xiaona , Sun Xinyu , Gao Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractS‐Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) which are important intermediates in circulating reservoirs of nitric oxide (NO), transport and numerous NO signaling pathways play intricate roles in the etiology of several pathologies. However, it is still a challenge to control the release of NO from nitrosylated compounds under physiological pH. In this paper, for the first time, we report the catalytic activity and kinetic study for the modulation of NO release from RSNOs by an array of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) (M‐MOF (M′); M=Zr, Cu; and M′=Cu, Pd, no metal) under physiological conditions via time‐dependent absorbance spectra. The result showed that metal active sites as well as the morphology and pore size of MOFs exhibited different activities toward RSNOs. The order of catalytic activity of these MOFs toward RSNOs is ordered in the decreasing sequence: Cu‐MOF(Pd)>Cu‐MOF(Cu)>Cu‐MOF(no metal)>Zr‐MOF(Pd)>Zr‐MOF(Cu)>Zr‐MOF(no metal). In addition, Zr‐MOF(Pd) was as model for cell experiment, demonstrated Zr‐MOF(Pd) could react with RSNOs to generate NO in the complex environment of cell. Collectively, these findings establish a platform for MOFs‐based, highly catalyze RSNOs in biological samples, a powerful tool for expanding the knowledge of the biology and chemistry of NO‐mediated phenomena.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Probes Based on Gold Nanomaterials for in vivo Diagnosis and Imaging
Authors: Wen Changchun , Wang Liping , Liu Li , Shen Xing‐Can , Chen Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has received considerable attention from researchers due to its high molecular specificity, high sensitivity, non‐invasiveness and multiplexing. Recently, various metal substrates have been exploited for SERS analysis and imaging. Among them, gold nanomaterials are important SERS substrates with outstanding surface plasmon resonance effects, structural adjustability and good biocompatibility, making them widely used in biomedical diagnosis and clinical fields. In this minireview, we discuss the latest progress about the application of gold‐based nanomaterials as SERS probes in biomedical research, primarily for in vivo disease diagnosis and imaging. This review mainly includes the basic shapes and morphologies of gold based SERS probes, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), gold nanorods (AuNRs), gold nanostars (AuNSs), as well as other gold nanostructures. Finally, a brief outlook for the future development of SERS technique in the context of efficient diagnostics and therapy guidance is provided. We hope that this review will facilitate the design and future development of surface‐enhanced Raman probes based on gold nanomaterials.
Interfacial Engineering of Two‐Dimensional MoN/MoO2 Heterostructure Nanosheets as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Du Qixing , Arif Khan Muhammad , Zhu Jie , Zhao Hongbin , Fang Jianhui , Ye Daixin , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is still a challenge to realize the dream of a hydrogen‐based economy using a robust catalyst for overall water splitting. Here, we introduce two‐dimensional MoN/MoO2 heterostructure nanosheets using nickel foam as a substrate for water splitting. The heterojunction formation was achieved through the partial nitriding of a Mo‐based precursor to MoN in the annealing process under NH3 environment. The heterogeneous interface between MoN and MoO2 as active sites is supposed to improve the surface reaction kinetics and electronic conductivity. Therefore, an excellent performance is achieved when MoN/MoO2 is employed as both cathode and anode electrocatalysts; the corresponding cell voltages are 1.57 and 1.84 V at 10 and 100 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, respectively. The promising bifunctional catalytic performance of our catalyst opens up a new way for efficient electrochemical water splitting.
Temporal and spatial analysis and monitoring of drought (meteorology) and its impacts on environment changes in Iran
Authors: Safarianzengir Vahid , Fatahi Ahmad , Sobhani Behrouz , Doumari Sahar Amiri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe consequences of climate change, primarily due to natural and human factors, have caused many problems in the last decade that have affected different sections of society. One of the most important consequences is the occurrence of natural atmospheric—climatic disasters (drought). One of these regions is Iran in the Middle East, which has been suffering from this drought in the last decade. This investigation aims to evaluate and monitor drought and its impacts on environment changes in Iran. To conduct this research, the TERRA satellite data and the MODIS sensor were used over a 21‐year period, and the Normalised Differential Vegetation Index and Palmer Drought Severity Index Indicators were used to monitor drought and to estimate the soil moisture by the Soil Moisture Calculation satellite. Finally, to estimate the amount of precipitation and evapotranspiration, cumulative precipitation and real evapotranspiration, actual evaporation and transpiration were used. Findings showed that in the investigation region, the severity and frequency of drought have increased in recent years. Soil moisture has also decreased, indicating the inverse relationship between drought intensity and soil surface moisture, meaning that as the intensity of drought increases, the amount of soil surface moisture decreases. However, in the investigation region during the study course, the accumulation of rain showed a direct relationship with evaporation and transpiration. The highest monthly drought intensity of Palmer was 5.65% in May 2000. Also, the highest amount of wet year in November 2018 is 3.6%. The highest amount of rainfall was 61.25 mm in October 2018. Based on the results obtained in this research, drought has occurred in the investigation region in recent years, the intensity of which in the south, eastern and centre half of the country, especially the provinces of south Khorasan, Semnan, Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Khuzestan and Ilam more it has been more than other provinces. To manage and control drought in the investigation region, in the various sectors affected by drought (agriculture, environment, surface water resources, forests, pastures and watershed management and natural ecosystems) strategies and plans in the short term, medium‐term and long‐term in line with natural and human factors and climate change to be adopted.
Bewertung der Adaptivität von Geschossbauten für den städtischen Raum
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Otto Jens , Eisele Johann , Bleicher Volkmar , Wisnewski Joachim , Dorn Charlotte , Trautmann Benjamin , Bauer Max 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDemografische Veränderungen, ein sich wandelnder Arbeitsmarkt und konjunkturelle Schwankungen mit unterschiedlich dominierenden Gewerbezweigen erfordern Gebäude, die sich an verändernde Nutzeranforderungen anpassen können. Zur Erhöhung der Ressourceneffizienz sind Gebäude nicht nur hinsichtlich des Materialeinsatzes und Energieverbrauchs zu optimieren, sondern darüber hinaus für einen langen Nutzungshorizont auszulegen. Um die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Geschossbauten an verschiedene Nutzungsformen bewerten zu können, wurde im Rahmen des Innovationsprogramms „Zukunft Bau“ das Forschungsprojekt „Adaptive Gebäudestrukturen zur Erhöhung der Ressourceneffizienz von Geschossbauten im städtischen Raum“ durchgeführt. Im folgenden Beitrag werden die Motivation zum Forschungsprojekt, eine Übersicht zu wesentlichen Fragestellungen und die Ergebnisse in einer zusammenfassenden Darstellung vorgestellt.
Zur Einleitung von Vorspannkräften in dünnwandige Hohlkastenquerschnitte
Authors: Rath Michael , Fasching Stephan , Gaßner Kerstin , Kollegger Johann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIm Zuge eines Forschungsprojekts, welches zurzeit am Institut für Tragkonstruktionen der TU Wien behandelt wird, werden Hohlkastenquerschnitte, bestehend aus dünnwandigen Betonhalbfertigteilen, für deren Einsatz im Brückenbau untersucht. Die Hohlkastenquerschnitte werden segmentweise auf der Baustelle zusammengebaut und mit externer Vorspannung zu einem selbsttragenden Brückenträger zusammengespannt. Anschließend werden die Steg‐, Boden‐ und Deckplatten mit Ortbeton ergänzt und somit ein monolithisches Bauwerk ohne Fugen hergestellt. Die Vorspannung des dünnwandigen Hohlkastenquerschnitts stellt dabei eine besondere Herausforderung dar. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Herangehensweise zur Einleitung der Vorspannkräfte in dünnwandige Hohlkastenquerschnitte vorgestellt, wobei diese anhand von durchgeführten experimentellen Untersuchungen sowie deren Analyse mit einer nichtlinearen FE‐Berechnung präsentiert wird. Untersucht wurden zwei unterschiedliche Herstellungsarten der Lisenen, einerseits eine Herstellung in Fertigteilbauweise, andererseits in Ortbetonweise. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass eine Herstellung der Lisenen als Fertigteile für die Einleitung von Vorspannkräften in dünnwandige Hohlkastenquerschnitte aufgrund der bei der Ortbetonbauweise entstehenden Schubfuge zu bevorzugen ist.
Modeling apoptosis resistance in CHO cells with CRISPR‐mediated knockouts of Bak1, Bax, and Bok
Authors: MacDonald Michael A. , Barry Craig , Groves Teddy , Martínez Verónica S. , Gray Peter P. , Baker Kym , Shave Evan , Mahler Stephen , Munro Trent , Marcellin Esteban , Nielsen Lars K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. To increase yields, many CHO cell lines have been genetically engineered to resist cell death. However, the kinetics that governs cell fate in bioreactors are confounded by many variables associated with batch processes. Here, we used CRISPR‐Cas9 to create combinatorial knockouts of the three known BCL‐2 family effector proteins: Bak1, Bax, and Bok. To assess the response to apoptotic stimuli, cell lines were cultured in the presence of four cytotoxic compounds with different mechanisms of action. A population‐based model was developed to describe the behavior of the resulting viable cell dynamics as a function of genotype and treatment. Our results validated the synergistic antiapoptotic nature of Bak1 and Bax, while the deletion of Bok had no significant impact. Importantly, the uniform application of apoptotic stresses permitted direct observation and quantification of a delay in the onset of cell death through Bayesian inference of meaningful model parameters. In addition to the classical death rate, a delay function was found to be essential in the accurate modeling of the cell death response. These findings represent an important bridge between cell line engineering strategies and biological modeling in a bioprocess context.
An anatomically correct 3D‐printed mouse phantom for magnetic particle imaging studies
Authors: Sarna Nicole S. , Marrero‐Morales Leyda , DeGroff Ryan , Rivera‐Rodriguez Angelie , Liu Sitong , Chiu‐Lam Andreina , Good Hayden J. , Rinaldi‐Ramos Carlos M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report anatomically correct 3D‐printed mouse phantoms that can be used to plan experiments and evaluate analysis protocols for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) studies. The 3D‐printed phantoms were based on the Digimouse 3D whole body mouse atlas and incorporate cavities representative of a liver, brain tumor, and orthotopic breast cancer tumor placed in anatomically correct locations, allowing evaluation of the effect of precise doses of MPI tracer. To illustrate their use, a constant tracer iron mass was present in the liver for the breast (200 μgFe) and brain tumor (10 μgFe) model, respectively, while a series of decreasing tracer iron mass was placed in the tumor region. MPI scans were acquired in 2D and 3D high sensitivity and high sensitivity/high resolution (HSHR) modes using a MOMENTUM imager. A thresholding algorithm was used to define regions of interest (ROIs) in the scans and the tracer mass in the liver and tumors was calculated by comparison of the signal in their respective ROI against that of known mass fiducials that were included in each scan. The results demonstrate that this approach to image analysis provides accurate estimates of tracer mass. Additionally, the results show how the limit of detection in MPI is sensitive to the details of tracer distribution in the subject, as we found that a greater tracer mass in the liver cavity resulted in poorer sensitivity in tumor regions. These experiments illustrate the utility of the reported 3D‐printed anatomically correct mouse phantoms in evaluating methods to analyze MPI scans and plan in vivo experiments.
Aberrant translation regulated by METTL1/WDR4‐mediated tRNA N7‐methylguanosine modification drives head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Kang , Chen Jianwen , Wang Xiaochen , Ling Rongsong , Cheng Maosheng , Chen Zhi , Chen Fangfang , He Qianting , Li Shuai , Zhang Caihua , Jiang Yizhou , Chen Qianming , Wang Anxun , Chen Demeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer cells selectively promote the translation of oncogenic transcripts to stimulate cancer progression. Although growing evidence has revealed that tRNA modifications and related genes participate in this process, their roles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we sought to investigate the function and mechanisms of the transfer RNA (tRNA) N7‐methylguanosine (m7G) modification in regulating the occurrence and development of HNSCC.MethodsCell lost‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function assays, xenograft models, conditional knockout and knockin mouse models were used to study the physiological functions of tRNA m7G modification in HNSCC tumorigenesis. tRNA modification and expression profiling, mRNA translation profiling and rescue assays were performed to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was conducted to explore the tumor microenvironment changes.ResultsThe tRNA m7G methyltransferase complex components Methyltransferase‐like 1 (METTL1)/WD repeat domain 4 (WDR4) were upregulated in HNSCC and associated with a poor prognosis. Functionally, METTL1/WDR4 promoted HNSCC progression and metastasis in cell‐based and transgenic mouse models. Mechanistically, ablation of METTL1 reduced the m7G levels of 16 tRNAs, inhibiting the translation of a subset of oncogenic transcripts, including genes related to the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway. In addition, chemical modulators of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway reversed the effects of Mettl1 in mouse HNSCC. Furthermore, scRNA‐seq results revealed that Mettl1 knockout in mouse tumor cells altered the immune landscape and cell‐cell interaction between the tumor and stromal compartment.ConclusionsThe tRNA m7G methyltransferase METTL1 was found to promote the development and malignancy of HNSCC through regulating global mRNA translation, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and found to alter immune landscape. METTL1 could be a promising treatment target for HNSCC patients.
Systemic treatments and outcomes in CIC‐rearranged Sarcoma: A national multi‐centre clinicopathological series and literature review
Authors: Connolly Elizabeth A. , Bhadri Vivek A. , Wake Johnathon , Ingley Katrina M. , Lewin Jeremy , Bae Susie , Wong Daniel D. , Long Anne P. , Pryor David , Thompson Stephen R. , Strach Madeleine C. , Grimison Peter S. , Mahar Annabelle , Bonar Fiona , Maclean Fiona , Hong Angela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCIC‐rearranged sarcoma is a recently established, ultra‐rare, molecularly defined sarcoma subtype. We aimed to further characterise clinical features of CIC‐rearranged sarcomas and explore clinical management including systemic treatments and outcomes.MethodsA multi‐centre retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed between 2014–2019.ResultsEighteen patients were identified. The median age was 27 years (range 13–56), 10 patients were male (56%), 11 patients (61%) had localised disease and 7 patients had advanced (metastatic or unresectable) disease at diagnosis. Of 11 patients with localised disease at diagnosis, median overall survival (OS) was 40.6 months and the 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year OS estimates were 82%, 64% and 34% respectively. Nine patients (82%) underwent surgery (all had R0 resections), 8 (73%) patients received radiotherapy to the primary site (median dose 57Gy in 28 fractions), and 8 (73%) patients received chemotherapy (predominantly Ewing‐based regimens). Metastases developed in 55% with a median time to recurrence of 10.5 months. In patients with advanced disease at diagnosis, median OS was 12.6 months (95% CI 5.1–20.1), 1‐year OS was 57%. Median progression‐free survival was 5.8 months (95% CI 4.5–7.2). Durable systemic therapy responses occurred infrequently with a median duration of systemic treatment response of 2.1 months. One durable complete response of metastatic disease to VDC/IE chemotherapy was seen. Responses to pazopanib (n = 1) and pembrolizumab (n = 1) were not seen.ConclusionIn this series, CIC‐rearranged sarcomas affected young adults and had a high incidence of presenting with, or developing, metastatic disease. The prognosis overall was poor. In advanced disease, durable systemic therapy responses were infrequent.