bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Orientation and Psychosocial Factors in Terms of Loneliness and Subjective Well-Being in Later Life
Authors: Buczak-Stec Elżbieta , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the association between sexual orientation and psychosocial outcomes (loneliness and subjective well-being) based on nationally representative samples.Research Design and MethodsCross-sectional data collected in 2017 were taken from a nationally representative sample of individuals in the second half of life (&gt;40 years) in Germany (n = 4,785, average age 66.4 years, standard deviation [SD]: 10.5 years). Outcomes were assessed using well-established tools (life satisfaction: Satisfaction with Life Scale; positive and negative affect: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; loneliness: De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale). Sexual orientation was dichotomized (heterosexual; sexual minorities including gay/lesbian, bisexual, and other). Analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic factors, lifestyle-related factors, and health-related factors.ResultsIn total, around 7.8% of respondents belonged to sexual minorities. Adjusted for various several socioeconomic, lifestyle-related and health-related covariates, linear regressions showed that sexual minority older adults reported higher loneliness scores (β = 0.07, p &lt; .05), whereas sexual orientation was not associated with subjective well-being (life satisfaction, as well as positive and negative affect). Furthermore, our analysis showed that gender, age, marital status, and depressive symptoms were consistently associated with loneliness and subjective well-being.Discussion and ImplicationsIn accordance with minority stress theory, our study showed that sexual minority older adults report higher loneliness scores. This finding is important as loneliness has become widely acknowledged as a new geriatric giant, which could increase, for example, the risk of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, reducing loneliness is important for successful aging.
Exploring a relative harvest rate strategy for moderately data-limited fisheries management
Authors: Fischer Simon H , De Oliveira José A A , Mumford John D , Kell Laurence T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Moderately data-limited fisheries can be managed with simple empirical management procedures without analytical stock assessments. Often, control rules adjust advised catches by the trend of an abundance index. We explored an alternative approach where a relative harvest rate, defined by the catch relative to a biomass index, is used and the target level derived from analysing historical catch length data. This harvest rate rule was tested generically with management strategy evaluation. A genetic algorithm was deployed as an optimisation procedure to tune the parameters of the control rule to meet maximum sustainable yield and precautionary management objectives. Results indicated that this method could outperform trend-based strategies, particularly when optimised, achieving higher long-term yields while remaining precautionary. However, optimum harvest rate levels can be narrow and challenging to find because they depend on historical exploitation and life history characteristics. Misspecification of target levels can have a detrimental impact on management. Nevertheless, harvest rates appear to be a suitable management option for moderately data-limited resources, and their application has modest data requirements. Harvest rate strategies are especially suitable for stocks for which case-specific analyses can be conducted.
The Atlantic surfclam fishery and offshore wind energy development: 1. Model development and verification
Authors: Munroe Daphne M , Powell Eric N , Klinck John M , Scheld Andrew M , Borsetti Sarah , Beckensteiner Jennifer , Hofmann Eileen E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Competing pressures imposed by climate-related warming and offshore development have created a need for quantitative approaches that anticipate fisheries responses to these challenges. This study used a spatially explicit, ecological-economic agent-based model integrating dynamics associated with Atlantic surfclam stock biology, decision-making behavior of fishing vessel captains, and fishing fleet behavior to simulate stock biomass, and fishing vessel catch, effort and landings. Simulations were implemented using contemporary Atlantic surfclam stock distributions and characteristics of the surfclam fishing fleet. Simulated distribution of fishable surfclam biomass was determined by a spatially varying mortality rate, fishing by the fleet was controlled by captain decisions based on previous knowledge, information sharing, and the ability to search and find fishing grounds. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of simulation results showed that this modeling approach sufficiently represents Atlantic surfclam fishery dynamics. A fishing simulation showed that the captain's decision-making and stock knowledge, and the distribution of fishing grounds relative to home ports controlled the landed catch. The approach used herein serves as the basis for future studies examining response of the Atlantic surfclam fishery to a nexus of simultaneous, complex natural and anthropogenic pressures, and provides a framework for similar models for other resources facing similar pressures.
The Atlantic surfclam fishery and offshore wind energy development: 2. Assessing economic impacts
Authors: Scheld Andrew M , Beckensteiner Jennifer , Munroe Daphne M , Powell Eric N , Borsetti Sarah , Hofmann Eileen E , Klinck John M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) fishery generates approximately USD 30 million in landings revenues annually, distributed across ports throughout the US Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Overlap between areas of Atlantic surfclam harvests and offshore wind energy leasing make the fishery vulnerable to exclusion and effort displacement as development expands in the region. An existing integrated bioeconomic agent-based model, including spatial dynamics in Atlantic surfclam stock biology, heterogeneous captain behaviour, and federal management processes, was extended to incorporate costs and revenues for fishing vessels and processors and used to evaluate the potential economic effects of offshore wind development on the Atlantic surfclam fishery. Fishing activity and economic outcomes were simulated under different offshore wind energy development scenarios that impose spatial restrictions on Atlantic surfclam vessel fishing and transiting behaviour. Decreases in the number of trips and shifts in the spatial distribution of fishing effort reduced revenues for Atlantic surfclam fishing vessels and processors by ∼3–15% and increased average fishing costs by &lt; 1–5%, with impacts varying across development scenarios and fishing ports. The modelling approach used in this analysis has potential for addressing additional questions surrounding sustainable ocean multi-use and further quantifying interactions between offshore wind energy development and commercial fisheries.
The impact of coronary artery bypass grafting added to aortic valve replacement on long-term outcomes in octogenarian patients: a reconstructed time-to-event meta-analysis
Authors: Gallingani Alan , D’Alessandro Stefano , Singh Gurmeet , Hernandez-Vaquero Daniel , Çelik Mevlüt , Ceccato Evelina , Nicolini Francesco , Formica Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Summary

The long-term results in studies comparing octogenarian patients who received either isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (i-SAVR) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in addition to SAVR are still debated. We performed a reconstructed time-to-event data meta-analysis of studies comparing i-SAVR and CABG+SAVR to evaluate the impact of CABG and to analyse the time-varying effects on long-term outcome. We performed a systematic review of the literature from January 2000 through November 2021, including studies comparing i-SAVR and CABG+SAVR, which reported at least 3-year follow-up and that plotted Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival. The primary endpoint was overall long-term survival; secondary endpoints were in-hospital/30-day mortality and postoperative outcomes. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Random-effect model was used in all analyses. Sixteen retrospective studies were included (5382 patients, i-SAVR = 2568 and CABG+SAVR = 2814). I-SAVR showed a lower incidence of in-hospital mortality compared to CABG+SAVR (odds ratio = 0.73; 95% CI= 0.60–0.89; P = 0.002). Landmark analyses showed a significantly higher all-cause mortality within 1 year from surgery in CABG+SAVR (HR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.01–1.36; P = 0.03); after 1 year, no significant difference was observed (HR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.87–1.04; P = 0.35). Landmark analysis was confirmed by time-varying trend of HR. Late survival of octogenarians did not differ significantly between the 2 interventions. Interestingly, CABG added to SAVR was associated with both higher in-hospital and within 1-year mortality after surgery, whereas this difference was statistically non-significant at long-term follow-up.
Comparative effect of seven prophylactic locks to prevent biofilm biomass and viability in intravenous catheters
Authors: Austin Peter David , Stapleton Paul , Elia Marinos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients requiring long-term intravenous access are at risk of intraluminal catheter bloodstream infection. ‘Prophylactic’ locks aim to limit this risk but there is uncertainty regarding the most effective lock.

Objectives
To develop a novel technique intended to replicate clinical procedures to compare the effectiveness of various ‘prophylactic’ locks against biofilm biomass (‘biomass’) formation and biofilm viability (‘viability’) of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis in intravenous catheters.

Methods
For 10 consecutive days 106 cfu/mL E. coli NCTC 10418 and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 were separately cultured in single lumen 9.6 French silicone tunnelled and cuffed catheters. These were flushed with 0.9% w/v sodium chloride using a push–pause technique before and after instillation of seven ‘prophylactic’ locks (water, ethanol, sodium chloride, heparinized sodium chloride, citrate, taurolidine plus citrate, and taurolidine; each in triplicate) for 6 h daily. Intraluminal ‘biomass’ and ‘viability’ were quantified using crystal violet staining and flush culture, respectively.

Results
The reduction of ‘biomass’ and ‘viability’ depended on both agent and species. Citrate was least effective against E. coli ‘viability’ and ‘biomass’ but most effective against S. epidermidis ‘viability’, and taurolidine was most effective against E. coli ‘biomass’ and ‘viability’ but least effective against S. epidermidis ‘viability’. ‘Biomass’ and ‘viability’ were significantly correlated in E. coli between (r = 0.997, P &lt; 0.001) and within (r = 0.754, P = 0.001) interventions, but not in S. epidermidis.

Conclusions
A novel technique found the effect of ‘prophylactic’ agents in reducing ‘biomass’ and ‘viability’ varied by species. The choice of agent depends on the most likely infecting organism.
Mortality risks associated with empirical antibiotic activity in Escherichia coli bacteraemia: an analysis of electronic health records
Authors: Yoon Chang Ho , Bartlett Sean , Stoesser Nicole , Pouwels Koen B , Jones Nicola , Crook Derrick W , Peto Tim E A , Walker A Sarah , Eyre David W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Reported bacteraemia outcomes following inactive empirical antibiotics (based on in vitro testing) are conflicting, potentially reflecting heterogeneity in causative species, MIC breakpoints defining resistance/susceptibility, and times to rescue therapy.

Methods
We investigated adult inpatients with Escherichia coli bacteraemia at Oxford University Hospitals, UK, from 4 February 2014 to 30 June 2021 who were receiving empirical amoxicillin/clavulanate with/without other antibiotics. We used Cox regression to analyse 30 day all-cause mortality by in vitro amoxicillin/clavulanate susceptibility (activity) using the EUCAST resistance breakpoint (&gt;8/2 mg/L), categorical MIC, and a higher resistance breakpoint (&gt;32/2 mg/L), adjusting for other antibiotic activity and confounders including comorbidities, vital signs and blood tests.

Results
A total of 1720 E. coli bacteraemias (1626 patients) were treated with empirical amoxicillin/clavulanate. Thirty-day mortality was 193/1400 (14%) for any active baseline therapy and 52/320 (16%) for inactive baseline therapy (P = 0.17). With EUCAST breakpoints, there was no evidence that mortality differed for inactive versus active amoxicillin/clavulanate [adjusted HR (aHR) = 1.27 (95% CI 0.83–1.93); P = 0.28], nor of an association with active aminoglycoside (P = 0.93) or other active antibiotics (P = 0.18). Considering categorical amoxicillin/clavulanate MIC, MICs &gt; 32/2 mg/L were associated with mortality [aHR = 1.85 versus MIC = 2/2 mg/L (95% CI 0.99–3.73); P = 0.054]. A higher resistance breakpoint (&gt;32/2 mg/L) was independently associated with higher mortality [aHR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.07–3.10); P = 0.027], as were MICs &gt; 32/2 mg/L with active empirical aminoglycosides [aHR = 2.34 (95% CI 1.40–3.89); P = 0.001], but not MICs &gt; 32/2 mg/L with active non-aminoglycoside antibiotic(s) [aHR = 0.87 (95% CI 0.40–1.89); P = 0.72].

Conclusions
We found no evidence that EUCAST-defined amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance was associated with increased mortality, but a higher resistance breakpoint (MIC &gt; 32/2 mg/L) was. Additional active baseline non-aminoglycoside antibiotics attenuated amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance-associated mortality, but aminoglycosides did not. Granular phenotyping and comparison with clinical outcomes may improve AMR breakpoints.
Taguchi Approach for Optimization of a Green Quantitative 1H-NMR Practice for Characterization of Levetiracetam and Brivaracetam in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Mansour Noura M , El-Sherbiny Dina T , Ibrahim Fawzia A , El-Subbagh Hussein I 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Recently, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) competes with separation techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis for quantification purposes when dealing with molecules that lack a chromophore.

Objective
The advantages of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a revolutionary quantitative analysis method were exploited aimed at simple and green assessment of two racetams, namely levetiracetam (LEV) and brivaracetam (BRV), as a new family of antiepileptic medications with a unique mechanism of action. The developed technique was effectively used to determine LEV in Keppra tablets and BRV in laboratory-prepared tablets without interfering with the ordinarily suspected excipients.

Method
A Taguchi approach was applied as a powerful and user-friendly statistical technique for optimization of the qH1NMR experimental design for both drugs. The optimum acquisition conditions were number of scans 32, pulse angle 20°, and relaxation delay of 40 s for LEV and number of scans 128, pulse angle 90°, and relaxation delay of 1 s for BRV. NMR spectra were obtained by means of phloroglucinol as an internal standard and dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 as a solvent.

Results
The diagnostic doublet of doublet quantitative signals at 4.3 and at 4.2 ppm were chosen to estimate LEV and BRV, respectively. The recovery of both drugs was quantified through the range of 0.1–12 mg/mL. The limits of detection were 0.013, 0.0013 and the limits of quantitation were 0.04, 0.0039 mg/mL for LEV and BRV correspondingly.

Conclusions
The suggested technique was fully validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be an eco-friendly practice by means of three different assessment tools, including the green analytical procedures index, national environmental methods index, and analytical eco-scale. qH1NMR should be considered a green alternative for quantification and quality control assessment of pharmaceuticals.

Highlights
This research represents the first simple, quick, and green alternative method for determination of both racetams in their pharmaceuticals.
Substituting ryegrass-based pasture with graded levels of forage rape in the diet of lambs decreases methane emissions and increases propionate, succinate, and primary alcohols in the rumen
Authors: Della Rosa Maria M , Sandoval Edgar , Reid Peter , Luo Dongwen , Pacheco David , Janssen Peter H , Jonker Arjan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFeeding 100% forage rape to sheep consistently lowers methane emissions per unit of intake (CH4/DMI) compared to those fed 100% ryegrass pasture. However, forage rape is usually supplemented with other feeds, which might impact the mitigation potential provided by forage rape. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of substituting ryegrass with graded levels of forage rape in the diet of lambs on methane emissions and rumen fermentation characteristics. Seventy wether lambs (n = 14/treatment) were fed a ryegrass-based pasture substituted with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of forage rape (Brassica napus; FR0, FR25, FR50, FR75, and FR100, respectively) on a dry matter basis. Methane emissions and dry matter intake were measured for 48 h in respiration chambers and a rumen fluid sample was collected. CH4/DMI decreased (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing forage rape inclusion in the diet so that sheep fed FR100 and FR75 emitted 34% and 11% less, respectively, than those fed FR0. CH4/DMI differences for lambs fed FR25 and FR50 were much smaller (&lt;6%) relative to FR0. The pH of rumen fluid decreased (P &lt; 0.01) at higher levels of forage rape inclusion in the diet (FR75 and FR100) compared to low levels of inclusion (FR0, F25, and F50). The proportion of ruminal acetate was least in FR100 (30%) followed by FR75 (10%), FR50 (8%), and FR25 (4%) compared with FR0 (P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of propionate plus succinate was greater for FR100 (+40%), FR75 (+28%), and FR50 (+29%) compared with FR0, with FR25 intermediate (P &lt; 0.001). The methanol concentration, and ethanol and propanol proportions in rumen fluid were greater for FR100 compared with any other treatment (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, CH4/DMI decreased at high levels of forage rape inclusion in the diet and especially feeding FR100 was associated with a pronounced shift in rumen fermentation profile, with a significant presence of succinate, ethanol, propanol, methanol, valerate, and caproate.
Peer Support Groups: Identifying Disparities to Improve Participation
Authors: Ross Erin E , Colbath Rachel A , Yu Jeremy , Munabi Naikhoba , Gillenwater T Justin , Yenikomshian Haig A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Disparities in psychosocial outcomes after burn injury exist in patients from racial or ethnic minority groups in the United States. Peer support groups can help patients with many psychosocial aspects of recovery from burns; however, access to such support among patients of racial and ethnic minority or low socioeconomic groups are unknown. The present study examined participation rates in outpatient peer support within this patient population. Patients attending outpatient clinic at an urban safety-net hospital and regional burn center with a majority minority patient population were asked about participation in burn survivor group, interest in joining a group, and given validated survey questions about managing emotions and social interactions since injury. Current or past participation in peer support was low (4.2%), and 30.3% of patients not already in support group were interested in joining. Interest in future participation in peer support was highest among Hispanic patients (37.0%) and lowest among Black patients (0%). Logistic regression models demonstrated that increased total body surface area burned, hospital length of stay, and need for surgical intervention were associated with interest in joining or having joined a peer support group. Effectiveness of management of emotions and social interactions were not associated with interest in joining peer support in the future. These findings demonstrate a considerable difference between levels of interest and participation in peer support within this population. Improving access to and education about benefits of peer support in underresourced communities may help to address the variation in psychosocial outcomes of patients across racial or ethnic minority groups recovering from burns.
Methodology to estimate logistics costs for vertically transported prefabricated wall panels
Authors: Lee Yujin , Kim Jung In , Flager Forest , Fischer Martin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When transporting prefabricated exterior panels vertically, shipping frame types and site conditions affect panel logistics. Thus, it is crucial that project participants estimate the logistics costs considering these factors, which vary by projects, to select the most economic option rapidly and consistently for a specific project in addition to three important objectives of panel logistics (i.e. number of trailers, reshuffling effort, and panel stability). In this study, the authors developed a methodology to generate loading plans for different types of shipping frames and site conditions using both first fit and next fit algorithms and evaluate the cost-related items for the loading plans considering project conditions. To demonstrate the usefulness of the methodology, the authors conducted a case study and compared the logistics costs for three different frame options considering site conditions. The results show that the methodology enables project participants to identify the advantages and disadvantages of different frame options based on given site conditions, which can guide project participants to make informed decisions about the preferred frame option.
End-to-end digitization of image format piping and instrumentation diagrams at an industrially applicable level
Authors: Kim Byung Chul , Kim Hyungki , Moon Yoochan , Lee Gwang , Mun Duhwan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study proposes an end-to-end digitization method for converting piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) in the image format to digital P&IDs. Automating this process is an important concern in the process plant industry because presently image P&IDs are manually converted into digital P&IDs. The proposed method comprises object recognition within the P&ID images, topology reconstruction of recognized objects, and digital P&ID generation. A data set comprising 75 031 symbol, 10 073 text, and 90 054 line data was constructed to train the deep neural networks used for recognizing symbols, text, and lines. Topology reconstruction and digital P&ID generation were developed based on traditional rule-based approaches. Five test P&IDs were digitalized in the experiments. The experimental results for recognizing symbols, text, and lines showed good precision and recall performance, with averages of 96.65%/96.40%, 90.65%/92.16%, and 95.25%/87.91%, respectively. The topology reconstruction results showed an average precision of 99.56% and recall of 96.07%. The digitization was completed in &lt;3.5 hours (8488.2 s on average) for five test P&IDs.