bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an efficient nomogram for risk assessment of norovirus infection in pediatric patients
Authors: He Taojun , Chen Xiaohua , Deng Yilin , Li Bin , Wang Hongmei , Wang Qinjin , Zhai Aixia , Shi Liang , Chen Ying , Wu Chao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to establish a predictive model and nomogram based on routine laboratory blood indicators and clinical symptoms, subsequently providing a rapid risk assessment of norovirus (NoV) infection in children. This retrospective study enrolled 307 pediatric patients with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis and detected NoV using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Significant indicators selected by multivariate logistic regression, including routine blood tests and consultation symptoms, were used to develop the nomogram. We divided the sample into training and internal validation sets and performed external validation of the final model. Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical performance using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), sensitivity, specificity, concordance rate, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Overall, 153 cases were NoV-PCR-positive, and 154 were negative. The multivariate logistic regression included five predictors of NoV infection, including symptoms of vomiting, upper respiratory tract infection, and indicators of white blood cells, lymphocyte absolute counts, and platelet counts. The nomogram showed a significant predictive value with overall internal set diagnosis, with an AUC of 0.827 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.785–0.868), and 0.812 (95% CI: 0.755–0.869) with 0.799 (95% CI: 0.705–0.894) in the training and internal validation sets, respectively. Nevertheless, the AUC in the external validation set was higher (0.915; 95% CI: 0.862–0.968). This nomogram is a useful tool for risk assessment for NoV infection. Moreover, the evaluated indicators are accessible, substantially reducing the time for laboratory testing.
Modeling the debonding process of osseointegrated implants due to coupled adhesion and friction
Authors: Immel Katharina , Nguyen Vu-Hieu , Haïat Guillaume , Sauer Roger A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCementless implants have become widely used for total hip replacement surgery. The long-term stability of these implants is achieved by bone growing around and into the rough surface of the implant, a process called osseointegration. However, debonding of the bone–implant interface can still occur due to aseptic implant loosening and insufficient osseointegration, which may have dramatic consequences. The aim of this work is to describe a new 3D finite element frictional contact formulation for the debonding of partially osseointegrated implants. The contact model is based on a modified Coulomb friction law by Immel et al. (2020), that takes into account the tangential debonding of the bone-implant interface. This model is extended in the direction normal to the bone-implant interface by considering a cohesive zone model, to account for adhesion phenomena in the normal direction and for adhesive friction of partially bonded interfaces. The model is applied to simulate the debonding of an acetabular cup implant. The influence of partial osseointegration and adhesive effects on the long-term stability of the implant is assessed. The influence of different patient- and implant-specific parameters such as the friction coefficient $$\mu _\text {b}$$

μ
b

, the trabecular Young’s modulus $$E_\text {b}$$

E
b

, and the interference fit $$I\!F$$

I

F

is also analyzed, in order to determine the optimal stability for different configurations. Furthermore, this work provides guidelines for future experimental and computational studies that are necessary for further parameter calibration.
Treatment options and survival in real life during the past three decades in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Reiser Julia , Geissler Klaus 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe impact of treatment on the outcome of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients over a longer period of time and the potential role of predictive factors are not well defined. In a retrospective observational study, we analyzed 168 CMML patients regarding treatment options and survival during the past three decades. The proportion of patients treated with hydroxyurea (HU), intensive chemotherapy, and azacitidine (AZA) was 65/19/0% before 2000, 51/25/32% from 2000–2010, and 36/12/53% after 2010, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) increased from 10 months before 2000 to 23 months thereafter (p = 0.021). AZA-treated patients but not patients treated with other treatment options had improved survival as compared to CMML patients without AZA therapy (19 vs. 25 months, p = 0.041). When looking at subgroups, the following patient cohorts had a significant survival benefit in association with AZA therapy: patients with Hb > 10 g/dL, patients with monocytosis > 10 G/L, and patients with mutations in RASopathy genes.
Significance of reduced renal function in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Heschl Julia , Geissler Klaus 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn a retrospective study, we analyzed the prevalence of increased creatinine levels in 166 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), their potential prognostic impact, and potential correlations with laboratory and molecular features. Increased creatinine values (> 1.1 mg/dl) were found in 71 of 166 (43%) patients. The median survival of patients with increased creatinine values was significantly shorter than in patients without impairment of renal function (20 vs. 52 months, p < 0.001). Patients with increased creatinine values were older, were more often male, had higher leukocyte counts, higher monocyte counts, and higher lactatdehydrogenase (LDH) values. There was a trend toward a higher prevalence of CBL and ASXL1 mutations in patients with renal impairment. Our findings show a high prevalence of renal abnormalities in patients with CMML. Increased creatinine values were identified as a new prognostic marker. These findings may be important for the individualized management of this heterogenous group of patients.
Shift in the seasonality of ixodid ticks after a warm winter in an urban habitat with notes on morphotypes of Ixodes ricinus and data in support of cryptic species within Ixodes frontalis
Authors: Reynolds Ciara , Kontschán Jenő , Takács Nóra , Solymosi Norbert , Sándor Attila D. , Keve Gergő , Hornok Sándor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study was initiated to assess the seasonality and to investigate the morphology of questing ixodid ticks in an urban habitat in Central Europe, Hungary. A neglected part of a large cemetery, with sparse tree covering and dense lower vegetation, was sampled monthly from February 2019 to May 2021. All ticks were analyzed morphologically, and selected specimens by amplifying and sequencing two genetic markers. During the study 3818 ticks were collected, including Ixodes ricinus (n = 2772), Ixodes frontalis (n = 350) and Haemaphysalis concinna (n = 696). Ixodes ricinus adults and nymphs showed year-round activity, whereas H. concinna was not active during winter months and early spring. Most I. frontalis nymphs were collected in late winter and early spring, whereas the peak activity of larvae was during late autumn. Interestingly, during the spring, the peak activity of I. ricinus adults and nymphs was later (in May) when preceded by a warm winter in 2020. In contrast, the 2019 and 2021 spring activity peaks occurred in March and April after sharply rising temperatures in February. This shift in the peak activity of I. ricinus coincided with the initiation of questing activity of H. concinna. Three notably different morphotypes and four malformed specimens of I. ricinus were found. However, these were not significantly different in their mitochondrial haplotypes and phylogenetic clustering from typical specimens of this species. On the other hand, I. frontalis was represented by two remarkably different haplogroups, between which in the nymph stage there were no recognizable morphological differences, suggesting the status of these as cryptic species.
Synthesis by carbonate aminolysis and chiral recognition ability of cellulose 2,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate)-6-(α-phenylethyl carbamate) selectors
Authors: Bui Cuong Viet , Rosenau Thomas , Hettegger Hubert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Novel chiral selectors based on cellulose 2,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate)-6-(α-phenylethyl carbamate) were regioselectively synthesized by carbonate aminolysis and isocyanate chemistry. By oxycarbonylation with phenyl chloroformate, carbamoylation with 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate, and subsequent aminolysis of the previously introduced reactive carbonate moiety at C6 with enantiopure (R)-or (S)-α-phenylethylamine, chiral selectors have been obtained, which regioselectively carry two different phenyl carbamate substituents. The cellulose derivatives were comprehensively characterized by ATR-FTIR, solid-state NMR, GPC, and elemental analysis. In parallel, 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica gel as an inert carrier material for the chiral selectors was prepared and the obtained coated-type chiral stationary phases were characterized by both solid-state 29Si NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The enantioseparation performance of the chiral selectors was studied and compared to cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) as a reference. With this protocol in hand, certain shortcomings of conventional approaches towards the regioselective synthesis of polysaccharide-based chiral selectors were overcome, such as the limitation to standard isocyanate reagents, being able to apply now the whole wealth of commercially available (chiral) primary and also secondary alkylamines instead.

Graphical abstract
Same storm, different boats: the impact of COVID-19 on Black students and academic staff in UK and US higher education
Authors: Arday Jason , Jones Christopher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe permanence of systemic racism in the UK and USA means that Black people are disadvantaged in myriad ways, including within the Academy. While the disproportionate impact of COVID-19, alongside the Black Lives Matter movement, has increased awareness of the challenges faced by Black communities, these issues remain, both in and beyond higher education. Furthermore, there is still a paucity of research individualising the experiences of Black people, who are often homogenised with other ethnic minority groups. This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on UK and US Black students and academic staff, utilising a critical race theory (CRT) framework. Analysis revealed that Black students and staff experienced COVID-19 against the backdrop of racism as a “pandemic within a pandemic” (Laurencin and Walker, Cell Systems 11:9–10, 2020), including racial (re)traumatisation, loneliness and isolation. Other themes included precarious employment and exploitation. Recommendations are offered for penetrative interventions that can support Black students and staff in the wake of strained race relations neglecting their adverse experiences and a global pandemic.
The relative efficiency of electrowinning indium from chloride electrolytes
Authors: Illés István B. , Kékesi Tamás 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main characteristics of electrolytic reduction applied to indium recovery from aqueous chloride solutions were considered theoretically and examined experimentally. Also other media were considered for comparison. Potentiodynamic examinations pointed out that chloride electrolytes are superior to sulphuric and nitric acid-based ones for efficient indium deposition. The optimum conditions, allowing higher than 90% cathodic current efficiencies, were determined by galvanostatic experiments. In contrast, similar sulphate electrolytes could only yield lower than 50% efficiencies because of a stronger hydrogen evolution. The galvanostatic results confirmed the findings of the potentiodynamic study. The cathodic polarisation curves revealed the major characteristics of the deposition process, implying a reduction of the electroactive In3+ ions. Coupled processes are the dynamic transformations of complex species and various rates of simultaneous hydrogen evolution. The structure and the elemental composition of the—relatively dense—cathodic deposits were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Various levelling agents were also tested, and gelatine (up to a concentration of 1 g/dm3 in the chloride electrolyte) was found efficient in grain refining.
Graphical abstract
Scale free avalanches in excitatory-inhibitory populations of spiking neurons with conductance based synaptic currents
Authors: Ehsani Masud , Jost Jürgen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate spontaneous critical dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory (EI) sparsely connected populations of spiking leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with conductance-based synapses. We use a bottom-up approach to derive a single neuron gain function and a linear Poisson neuron approximation which we use to study mean-field dynamics of the EI population and its bifurcations. In the low firing rate regime, the quiescent state loses stability due to saddle-node or Hopf bifurcations. In particular, at the Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcation point which is the intersection of the Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation lines of the 2D dynamical system, the network shows avalanche dynamics with power-law avalanche size and duration distributions. This matches the characteristics of low firing spontaneous activity in the cortex. By linearizing gain functions and excitatory and inhibitory nullclines, we can approximate the location of the BT bifurcation point. This point in the control parameter phase space corresponds to the internal balance of excitation and inhibition and a slight excess of external excitatory input to the excitatory population. Due to the tight balance of average excitation and inhibition currents, the firing of the individual cells is fluctuation-driven. Around the BT point, the spiking of neurons is a Poisson process and the population average membrane potential of neurons is approximately at the middle of the operating interval $$[V_{Rest}, V_{th}]$$

[

V

Rest

,

V

th

]

. Moreover, the EI network is close to both oscillatory and active-inactive phase transition regimes.
Interferon-Driven Immune Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency–Associated Villous Atrophy and Norovirus Infection
Authors: Strohmeier Valentina , Andrieux Geoffroy , Unger Susanne , Pascual-Reguant Anna , Klocperk Adam , Seidl Maximilian , Marques Otavio Cabral , Eckert Marleen , Gräwe Katja , Shabani Michelle , von Spee-Mayer Caroline , Friedmann David , Harder Ina , Gutenberger Sylvia , Keller Baerbel , Proietti Michele , Bulashevska Alla , Grimbacher Bodo , Provaznik Jan , Benes Vladimir , Goldacker Sigune , Schell Christoph , Hauser Anja E. , Boerries Melanie , Hasselblatt Peter , Warnatz Klaus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
About 15% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) develop a small intestinal enteropathy, which resembles celiac disease with regard to histopathology but evolves from a distinct, poorly defined pathogenesis that has been linked in some cases to chronic norovirus (NV) infection. Interferon-driven inflammation is a prominent feature of CVID enteropathy, but it remains unknown how NV infection may contribute.

Methods
Duodenal biopsies of CVID patients, stratified according to the presence of villous atrophy (VA), IgA plasma cells (PCs), and chronic NV infection, were investigated by flow cytometry, multi-epitope-ligand cartography, bulk RNA-sequencing, and RT-qPCR of genes of interest.

Results
VA development was connected to the lack of intestinal (IgA+) PC, a T helper 1/T helper 17 cell imbalance, and increased recruitment of granzyme+CD8+ T cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages to the affected site. A mixed interferon type I/III and II signature occurred already in the absence of histopathological changes and increased with the severity of the disease and in the absence of (IgA+) PCs. Chronic NV infection exacerbated this signature when compared to stage-matched NV-negative samples.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that increased IFN signaling and T-cell cytotoxicity are present already in mild and are aggravated in severe stages (VA) of CVID enteropathy. NV infection preempts local high IFN-driven inflammation, usually only seen in VA, at milder disease stages. Thus, revealing the impact of different drivers of the pathological mixed IFN type I/III and II signature may allow for more targeted treatment strategies in CVID enteropathy and supports the goal of viral elimination.

Graphical abstract
Feeding Site Specificity in Frog-biting Midges (Corethrellidae)
Authors: Virgo Jonas , Eltz Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHematophagous arthropods often choose predictable feeding sites on their hosts´ body, presumably to maximize blood uptake while minimizing costs. Feeding sites can be host-specific, mediated by intrinsic host characters and/or specific preferences of the blood feeder. We investigated feeding site specificity in a community of frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp.) and frog hosts in La Gamba, Costa Rica. Midge distribution on hosts differed significantly between 12 investigated frog species, indicating that intrinsic host properties influence potential feeding sites. However, realized feeding sites were also significantly different between four investigated Corethrella morphotypes, across all hosts but also within certain shared hosts, indicating feeding site partitioning among Corethrella. We propose that the diversity of feeding sites in Corethrella-frog associations is determined by an interaction of host traits, e. g. calling site, defensive behavior or skin thickness, and midge traits, especially body size and corresponding mouthpart size/structure.
On the modified generalized multidimensional KP equation in plasma physics and fluid dynamics in (3 + 1) dimensions
Authors: Sáez S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper considers a modified generalized multidimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation depending on several real constants, which characterizes the dynamics of solitons and the nonlinear waves in plasma physics and fluid dynamics. We derive the Lie point symmetry generators and Lie symmetry groups and we will apply this symmetry analysis to the equation in order to obtain exact solutions. Finally by means ot the multiplier method, we classify all low-order conservation laws of the equation that have been obtained by applying the corresponding symmetries of the family.
Error Estimates for Adaptive Spectral Decompositions
Authors: Baffet Daniel H. , Gleichmann Yannik G. , Grote Marcus J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdaptive spectral (AS) decompositions associated with a piecewise constant function, u, yield small subspaces where the characteristic functions comprising u are well approximated. When combined with Newton-like optimization methods for the solution of inverse medium problems, AS decompositions have proved remarkably efficient in providing at each nonlinear iteration a low-dimensional search space. Here, we derive $$L^2$$

L
2

-error estimates for the AS decomposition of u, truncated after K terms, when u is piecewise constant and consists of K characteristic functions over Lipschitz domains and a background. Our estimates apply both to the continuous and the discrete Galerkin finite element setting. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the AS decomposition for media that either do, or do not, satisfy the assumptions of the theory.
Performance-aware design for piezoelectric energy harvesting optimisation via finite element analysis
Authors: Martinelli Cristiano , Coraddu Andrea , Cammarano Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost of the optimisation studies of Vibration Energy Harvesters (VEHs) account for a single output quantity, e.g. frequency bandwidth or maximum power output, but this approach does not necessarily maximise the system efficiency. In those applications where VEHs are suitable sources of energy, to achieve optimal design it is important to consider all these performance indexes simultaneously. This paper proposes a robust and straightforward multi-objective optimisation framework for Vibration Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (VPEHs), considering simultaneously the most crucial performance indexes, i.e., the maximum power output, efficiency, and frequency bandwidth. For the first time, a rigorous formulation of efficiency for Multi-Degree of Freedom (MDOF) VPEHs is here proposed, representing an extension of previous definitions. This formulation lends itself to the optimisation of FE and MDOF harvesters models. The optimisation procedure is demonstrated using a planar-shape harvester and validated against numerical results. The effects of changing some structural parameters on the harvester performance are investigated via sensitivity analysis. The results show that the proposed methodology can effectively optimise the global performance of the harvester, although this does not correspond to an improvement of every single index. Furthermore, the optimisation of each performance index individually results in a variety of design configurations that greatly differs from one another. It is here demonstrated that the design obtained with the multi-objective function here proposed is similar to the design obtained when optimising the efficiency.
The nonlinear singular Burgers equation with small parameter and p-regularity theory
Authors: Medak Beata , Tret’yakov Alexey A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study a solutions existence problem of the following nonlinear singular Burgers equation $$\begin{aligned} F(u,\varepsilon )=u_{t}'-u_{xx}''+uu_{x}'+\varepsilon u^{2}=f(x,t), \end{aligned}$$

F

(
u
,
ε
)

=

u

t

′

-

u

xx

′
′

+
u

u

x

′

+
ε

u
2

=
f

(
x
,
t
)

,

where $$F: \Omega \rightarrow \mathcal {C}([0,\pi ]\times [0,\infty ))$$

F
:
Ω
→
C
(
[
0
,
π
]
×
[
0
,
∞
)
)

, $$\Omega = \mathcal {C}^{2}([0,\pi ]\times [0,\infty ))\times \mathbb {R}$$

Ω
=

C

2

(

[
0
,
π
]

×

[
0
,
∞
)

)

×
R

, $$u(0,t)=u(\pi ,t) =0$$

u
(
0
,
t
)
=
u
(
π
,
t
)
=
0

, $$u(x,0)=g(x)$$

u
(
x
,
0
)
=
g
(
x
)

, and F, f(x, t), g(x) will be describe in the text. The first derivative of operator F at the solution point is degenerate. By virtue of p-regularity theory and Michael selection theorem, we prove the existence of continuous solution for this nonlinear problem.