bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dmitriy Shostakovich in William Tanner Vollmann’s Novel “Europe Central”
Authors: Zinkevych Olena 
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the study. In the foreign reception of Dmitriy Shostakovich, its out-ofmusical-professional discourse is important. Along with the play by David Pounell “Master Class”, the novel by Julian Barnes “The Noise of Time” and others, the novel by the famous American writer William T. Vollmann (William T. Vollmann) “Europe Central” (“Europe nodal”) is quite significant, it received the 2005 US National Book Award. The almost 800-page epic, which foreign critics compare with the epic of L. Tolstoy and call “War and Peace of the 20th century”, covers the events of Russian and German history from 1914 till 1975, including the Holocaust, the era of great terror, Babi Yar. The panorama of the war between two totalitarian regimes is especially widespread.
Among the characters are mainly representatives of creative professions and military leaders: Hitler and Stalin, Paulus and Vlasov, Kete Kolwitz and Anna Akhmatova, Tukhachevsky and Roman Carmen, etc. The destinies of all characters are intertwined, their stories unfold in parallel or in interaction. But the real hero of the book is Dmitriy Shostakovich.
Main objective of the study is to acquaint with the work of William T. Vollmann and his novel “Europe Central”, the analysis of which makes it possible to understand the peculiarities of perception of D. Shostakovich’s music by the US intellectual elite.
The main results and conclusions of the study. William T. Vollmann refers to Shostakovich as a hero and admits his passion for his personality. Mainly adhering to the facts, he conjectures a lot and frankly invents. Heightened metaphor, phantasmagorism, extravagance of his descriptions are quite consistent with the style of postmodernism or absurdity. The author does not hide his liberties and in the afterword apologizes for the distortions in the book. The mythogenic situation created by Vollmann clearly echoes the well-known — including Russian — fictionalization by Dmitriy Shostakovich. And, thus, Vollmann’s novel becomes another confirmation of Shostakovich’s acquisition of the status of a “cultural hero of the era”, because it is the mythogenic processes provoked by large-scale public reflection that are decisive in the formation of this sociocultural phenomenon.
KAJIAN EKSPRIMENTAL PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PENGARAH ALIRAN TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TURBIN ANGIN BUBUNGAN ATAP
Authors: , Mujiburrahman , Irawan Heri 
Published: May 2022

Kurangnya penelitian yang di fokuskan pada pengaplikasian turbin angina skala kecil yang menghasilkan listrik dengan bentuk memanjang yang di aplikasikan pada bubungan atap memanfaatkan luas area sapuan angin kemiringan atap. Mengingat kecepatan angin di bubungan atap tergolong rendah sehingga sangat jarang di manfaatkan karena di asumsikan listrik yang di hasilkan di angggap kecil, padahal pemanfaatan potensi angin dengan sistem pengkonversian turbin angin sebagai penghasil listrik skala kecil sangat menjanjikan. Tetapi yang menjadi persoalan arah angin yang ber ubah-ubah juga menjadi masalah serius dalam pengaplikasian turbin angin bubungan atap, di perlukan mekanisme pengarah angin untuk memaksimalkan angin yang mengalir di permukaaan kemiringan atap dan mengarahkan menuju bubungan. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini akan di fokuskan pada penambahan pengarah aliran untuk memaksimalkan output putaran turbin. Pengujian turbin ini menggunakan metode eksperimental (experimental research) yaitu membuat alat dan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung pada Turbin angin bubungan atap sehingga dapat mengetahui output yang di hasilkan oleh turbin tanpa pengarah dan menggunakan pengarah aliran angin. Hasilnya pada kecepatan angin 2,17 m/s turbin angin atap rumah dengan pengarah aliran menghasilkan output putaran turbin lebih baik yaitu 177,01 rpm, Torsi rotor Tr 0,001058 Nm, dan coefesien torsi C sebesar 0,001058 %. di bandingkan tanpa menggunakan pengarah aliran. Pada kecepatan angin 3,21 m/s turbin angin atap rumah dengan pengarah aliran juga mampu menghasilkan output putaran turbin, lebih baik sebesar 219,15 rpm, Torsi rotor Tr 0,001264 Nm, dan coefesien torsi CT sebesar 0,64104 %. Selanjutnya pada kecepatan angin 5,11 m/s turbin angina atap rumah dengan pengarah aliran juga menghasilkan output putaran turbin lebih baik, sebesar 369,22 rpm, Torsi rotor Tr 0,001195 Nm, dan coefesien torsi CT sebesar 0,23902 %.
Pineal cyst: results of long-term MRI surveillance and analysis of growth and shrinkage rates
Authors: Hasegawa Hirotaka , Inoue Akitoshi , Helal Ahmed , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Meyer Fredric B. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
Pineal cyst (PC) is a relatively common true cyst in the pineal gland. Its long-term natural course remains ill defined. This study aims to evaluate the long-term natural history of PC and examine MRI risk factors for cyst growth and shrinkage to help better define which patients might benefit from surgical intervention.

METHODS
The records and MRI of 409 consecutive patients with PC were retrospectively examined (nonsurgical cohort). Cyst growth and shrinkage were defined as a ≥ 2-mm increase and decrease in cyst diameter in any direction, respectively. In addition to size, MRI signal intensity ratios were analyzed.

RESULTS
The median radiological follow-up period was 10.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 6.4–14.3 years). The median change in maximal diameter was −0.6 mm (IQR −1.5 to 1.3 mm). During the observation period, cyst growth was confirmed in 21 patients (5.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only age (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.99, p < 0.01) was significantly associated with cyst growth. No patient required resection during the observation period. Cyst shrinkage was confirmed in 57 patients (13.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed that maximal diameter (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12–1.35, p < 0.01) and cyst CSF T2 signal intensity ratio (OR 9.06, 95% CI 1.38–6.62 × 101, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with cyst shrinkage.

CONCLUSIONS
Only 5% of PCs, mainly in patients younger than 50 years of age, have the potential to grow, while cyst shrinkage is more likely to occur across all age groups. Younger age is associated with cyst growth, while larger diameter and higher signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging are associated with shrinkage. Surgery is rarely needed for PCs, despite the possibility of a certain degree of growth.
The Apologetic Argument of St. Cyril of Alexandria in the First Book «Against Julian the Apostate»
Authors: Липатов Анатолий , Ларионов Александр 
Published: May 2022

Цель настоящей публикации - определить специфику апологетической аргументации свт. Кирилла Александрийского в его первой книге «Против Юлиана» в контексте античной литературной традиции. В статье выявляются основные полемические тезисы свт. Кирилла, выдвигаемые им в защиту христианской веры против язычества, а также анализируется цитация и примеры из античной литературы, к которой широко обращается святитель. Научная новизна публикации состоит в том, что предпринимается попытка дать общую концепцию основного апологетического метода и тезисов свт. Кирилла в его полемике с язычеством. В результате показано, что обоснование превосходства христианства над язычеством зиждется на основных постулатах: древности веры, преемственности веры, превосходстве учения о Боге, превосходстве нравственных принципов.
The purpose of this publication is to determine the speci cs of the apologetic argumentation of St. Cyril of Alexandria in his rst book Against Julian in the context of the ancient literary tradition. The article reveals the main polemical theses of St. Cyril, put forward by him in defense of the Christian faith against paganism, as well as quotations and examples from ancient literature, to which the saint widely refers. The scienti c novelty of the publication lies in the fact that an attempt is made to give a general concept of the main apologetic method and theses of St. Cyril in his polemic with paganism. As a result, it is shown that the justi cation for the superiority of Christianity over paganism is based on the main postulates: the antiquity of faith, the continuity of faith, the superiority of the doctrine of God, the superiority of moral principles.
Saint Ignatius (Sadkovsky), The First Bishop of Belev, and his Flock
Authors: Дьячков Герасим 
Published: May 2022

В 1920-1930-е гг. Белёвская епархия существовала как викариатство в составе Тульской епархии, и первым епископом Белёвским (1920-1933) был священномученик Игнатий (Садковский), впоследствии епископ Скопинский. События этого трагического периода гонений рассматриваются через призму архипастырского служения священномученика Игнатия, которому лишь несколько лет довелось непосредственно управлять вверенной ему епархией, а остальное время он находился в заключении или ссылке, не прерывая, впрочем, связи со своей паствой. Эта связь и общение продолжались и тогда, когда архипастырь был назначен на Скопинскую кафедру. Статья приурочена к 10-летию образования Тульской митрополии и Белёвской и Алексинской епархии.
In the 1920s-1930s The Belev diocese existed as a vicariate within the Tula diocese, and the rst bishop of Belev (1920-1933) was Hieromartyr Ignatius (Sadkovsky), later Bishop Skopinsky. The events of this tragic period of persecution are viewed through the prism of the archpastoral ministry of Hieromartyr Ignatius, who only for a few years had the opportunity to directly manage the diocese entrusted to him, and the rest of the time he was in prison or exile, without interrupting, however, communication with his ock. This connection and fellowship continued even when the archpastor was appointed to the Skopin cathedra. The article is dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the formation of the Tula Metropolis and the Belev and Aleksinsky diocese.
Athanase of Clysma - A Forgotten Saint from Egypt and His Liturgical Cult
Authors: Никифорова Александра Юрьевна 
Published: May 2022

В статье впервые публикуется и исследуется греческая служба святому воину Афанасию Клисмийскому из тропология новой редакции Sinai Greek ΜΓ/ΝΕ 4 ΙΧ в. Святой был замучен в IV в. в дни Рождества Христова в Клисме на Красном море (совр. Суэц, Египет). Он почитался локально как покровитель города и шире - на христианском Востоке, о чём свидетельствуют греческие, грузинские, арабские, эфиопские версии его «Жития»; в Византии мученик фактически был неизвестен. Упоминания о храме и раке с мощами в греческой службе позволяют связать последнюю с церковью Святого Афанасия в Клисме, где зародился литургический культ мученика. Панигир совершался 18 июля (24 епифа), вероятно, в день энкении, то есть освящения храма, или обретения мощей святого. Служба - пример зрелой иерусалимской гимнографии (разработана система ирмосов и подобнов, факты жития перемежаются с топосами общего чина мученикам, в каноне отсутствует вторая песнь, интерполированы два богородична, есть троичны в седьмой-девятой песнях). Составление службы можно датировать следующим образом: не ранее VIII в., поскольку имеются модели из репертуара Иоанна Дамаскина и Космы Маиумского, и не позднее 30-40-х гг. конца IX в., то есть времени создания кодекса. Из Клисмы литургическое почитание святого распространилось по регионам, вошло в грузинские гимналы иерусалимской традиции.
In this article, I publish and study the Greek acolouthia from the tropologion of a new redaction Sinai Greek ΜΓ/ΝΕ 4 (9th c.) in honour of saint warrior Athanase. He martyred in 4th c. on the days of the Nativity of Christ in Clysma on the Red Sea (modern Suez, Egypt) and was locally venerated as a patron of Clysma and more wide regionally through the Christian East, the fact, witnessed by Greek, Georgian, Arabic, Ethiopian versions of his Life; in Byzantium he was actually unknown. The mentions of the church and of the shrine in the service allow to associate this text with a real place - the church of St. Athanase in Clysma, there a liturgical cult of the martyr was originated. Here a solemn celebration took place on July 18 (Epiphi 24), most probable the enkaenia day, or the invention of the relic’s day. This acolouthia is an example of a mature Hagiopolite hymnography (a heirmoi and podobni system has already been developed, the facts of Life are integrated into topoi skeleton of common propers for martyrs, the second ode is absent, two theotokia are interpolated, and three triadika for the odes 7-9 are original), and can be dated by models, drawn from John of Damascus’ and Cosmas of Maiuma’ repertoire, not earlier than 8thc. and not later than 30-40th - end 9th c., when this codex was appeared. From Clysma, there the liturgical cult of the saint ourished, it spread further, and entered several Georgican hymnals of Hagiopolite tradition.
Study of the kinetics of the process of producing pellets from red mud in a hydrogen flow
Authors: Khalifa Akhmed , Bazhin Vladimir , Ustinova Yana , Shalabi Mokhamed 
Published: May 2022

The reduction kinetics of serial phase transitions of iron oxides during reduction to a metallized state with different modes of technical hydrogen supply has been studied and substantiated. The results of the pellets formation when 3-5 % molasses is added to the red mud as a binding reagent are presented. The dependences of the reduction rate of iron oxides on the hydrogen flow rate are obtained. Based on the results of the experiments, a kinetic model was constructed, and with the help of X-ray phase and spectral analysis, it was proved that the agglomerates formed after heat treatment received high strength due to the adhesion of reduced iron particles with red mud particles. The use of a new type of charge materials in melting units will reduce the amount of emissions and dust fractions, as well as increase the metal yield.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN HIDROKSI PROPIL METIL SELULOSA (HPMC) SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK MASKER PEEL OFF EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.)
Authors: Istiqomah Nurul , Anindhita Metha Anung 
Published: May 2022

<p><span>Peel off mask are cosmetic that use for facial skincare. Piper betle L. leaf has the properties to kill Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria that cause acne. Peel off mask is a gel drug delivery system which requires gelling agent material. HPMC is one of the gelling agent that preferred properties. This study aims to examine the physical properties of Piper betle L. leaf peel off mask with HPMC as g gelling agent. The active substance used is Piper betle L. leaf extract that using maseration method. To determine the effect of using HPMC variation on physical properties it is carried out by organoleptic testing, viscosity, adhesion, dispersion, homogeneity, pH and irritation. The result of this study showed that the variation of HPMC had effect on organoleptic, viscosity, adhesion, dispersion and rate of drying and has no effect on homogeneity, pH, and irritation.</span></p><p><span> </span></p><span>Keyword : Piper beatle leaf, peel off mask, HPMC</span>
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA AIR LIMBAH PENCUCIAN PEMBUATAN BATIK DI PEKALONGAN SELATAN
Authors: Oktaviani Nila 
Published: May 2022

<p><span>Batik di dareah Jenggot leb</span><span lang="IN">i</span><span>h banyak pembuatan batik cap, pembuatan batik tersebut memerlukan beberapa tahapan yaitu: pencucian kain mori terlebih dahulu dengan air </span><span lang="IN">sampai</span><span lang="IN">semua </span><span>kanjinya hilang</span><span>sama sekali, penggambaran pola dengan cetakan tembaga yang dilapisi</span><span>malam dan menggambar dengan canting</span><span>cap,</span><span>proses pewarna dasar, proses pewarna lanjut dan proses pencucian kain dengan air mendidih. Pada proses</span><span>pewarnaan batik</span><span>menggunakan pewarna kimia yang sangat berbahaya dan beracun (Sasongko dan Wildan, 2010).</span><span lang="SV"> Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk </span><span lang="IN">identifikasi bakteri yang masih terdapat pada perairan yang tercemar limbah pewarnaan batik. </span><span>Berdasarkan hasil<span> </span>dari<span> </span>ketiga<span> </span>sampel air limbah<span> </span>bak penampungan pencucian pewarna batik cap ada 2 bakteri yang konsisten teridentifikasi dalam air limbah tersebut diantaranya adalah</span><span>Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</span><span>Dari sampel yang diuji dengan tiga kali replikasi menunjukan ada beberapa</span><span>jenis bakteri yaitu</span><span>sampel pertama E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas<span> </span>aeruginosa<span> </span>kedua<span> </span>dan<span> </span>ketiga<span> </span>hanya<span> </span>Klebsiella<span> </span>pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dimana dalam keadaan<span> </span>keadaan normal memang dijumpai didalam tanah, </span><span lang="IN">maka bisa digunakan untuk bioremidiasi mengurai bahan organik dan logam yang dihasilkan oleh sisa pencucian batik</span><span>.</span></p><p><span lang="SV"> </span></p><span lang="SV">Kata kunci : </span><span lang="IN">air limbah</span><span lang="SV">, </span><span lang="IN">bakteri, pencucian batik</span><span lang="SV">.</span>
Different pattern of menstrual in patients with COVID-19 infections
Authors: Bakr Omnia B. , El-keky Alaa H. , Gamal Rania 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on menstrual pattern with or without use of anticoagulation therapy.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 175 female patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 to assess the pattern of menstrual changes after infection using an online based questionnaire.

RESULTS: There is highly significant results between number of menstruation days before and after COVID infection with P value (p<0.001) among the studied patients without use of anticoagulation. No statistically significant difference between without anti-coagulation and with anti-coagulation according to the effect of COVID-19 infection on menstrual flow, the number of menstrual flow days’ post COVID-19 infection, the number of pads per day post-COVID-19 infection, post-COVID-19 menstrual irregularity, if there is abnormal menstrual pattern after COVID-19 infection and action after abnormal menstrual pattern, with p-value (p>0.05 NS).

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection has a direct effect of menstrual pattern regarding the duration of menstruation in infected females irrespective of the use of anticoagulants in the treatment plane. However, it hasn’t direct effect on regularity or amount of menstrual flow.
Підвищення ефективності запалювання вакуумно-дугового розряду в джерелах плазми
Authors: Сисоєв Юрій Олександрович , Широкий Юрій Вячеславович , Торосян Олена Василівна 
Published: May 2022

The analysis of the existing vacuum-arc discharge ignition systems showed the following ways to improve their efficiency: development of new design solutions for both individual units and the entire ignition system as a whole; the use of composite materials to fill the discharge gaps of starting devices; creation of new circuit solutions for power supplies of starting discharges; the use of non-traditional methods of ignition of a vacuum-arc discharge - the transition of a glow discharge into an arc one; using laser radiation to ignite the arc. Criteria for evaluating the reliability and durability of vacuum-arc discharge initiation systems in technological plasma sources are proposed, based on which complex studies of contact-type arc excitation systems with spark surface breakdown and two-stage launch systems with an autonomous plasma injector. Based on the performed studies, designs of vacuum-arc plasma sources with contact-type systems have been developed that ensure their performance in a certain range of technological parameters; The design of the ignition system turned out to be the most effective, in which the ignition electrode and the auxiliary anode are made as a single structural element in the form of a cut cone-shaped spiral. These design features, firstly, do not prevent the condensation on the surface of the starting discharge gap of a part of the metal evaporated by the cathode spot (CS) of the arc during the operation of the device, and secondly, they greatly facilitate the output of the CS from the place of initiation to the working end of the cathode. Here, the magnetic field, under the action of the CS moves, created by the current of the starting discharge itself, flows along with the turns of the cone-shaped spiral. This ignition system does not require a separate power supply and can operate in an automatic mode from the arc power source. To implement a non-contact method of arc excitation using a plasma injector, various designs of it were studied, when the discharge gap was filled with different materials; it was found that the resource of starting injectors when filling the discharge gap with M-7 ceramics does not exceed 104 operations, with 22XC ceramics at the level of 105 operations, and when using a composite material (CM), it exceeds 106 operations at ignition energy of 5 J, an operating pulse frequency of 1 Hz and arc duration 2 s. The developed composite materials are distinguished by increasing resistance to electric discharges and low surface breakdown voltage (up to 100…200 V/mm). Such characteristics are provided by the features of the CM structure, which is a dielectric glassy matrix filled with finely dispersed conductive particles and semiconductor components. The theoretical and experimental dependence of the arc ignition probability on the ignition energy during the operation of the injector in the electric film explosion mode are compared, showing satisfactory agreement between the results.
The Linguistic Phenomenon of Politeness in Trevor Le Gassick’s Translation of Ibn Kathir’s As-Sīra an-Nabawiyya (The Life of the Prophet Muhammad) (2006)
Authors: V Dina 
Published: May 2022

The linguistic phenomenon of politeness has been studied as an area that flourished through the increasing body of knowledge in the field of cross-cultural pragmatics. As Blum-Kulka (1981) notes, “systems of social politeness seem to represent culturally colored interpretations of basic notions of tact, (e.g., face concerns) as conventionalized in any given culture or even speech event type” (p.258). Religious discourse has not received the attention it deserves as far as the linguistic analysis of the socio-pragmatic and pragma-linguistic politeness formulas in translation is concerned. By investigating selected passages for analysis from Trevor Le Gassick’s (2006) translation of Ibn Kathir’s As-Sīra An-Nabawiyya (The Life of the Prophet Muhammad), I aim to explore how the pragma-linguistic and socio-pragmatic functions of politeness formulas are rendered in translation. The methodology of analysis is based upon Blum-Kulka's two proposed dimensions of the means available for mitigating FTAs, as well as her model of cultural variation. First, I locate the polite utterance or redressive strategy to one of the two means, which are 1) directness/indirectness and 2) internal or external mitigation. Second, I examine the TT to find out whether the same linguistic forms exist in the target language, whether they have the same function, and whether their pragmatic value can be expressed by other means if their equivalents are not found in the target language. Third, I attempt to account for the difference or similarity in the use of that strategy using one or more of the four parameters identified by Blum-Kulka as constituting a model of cultural variation. These parameters are; 1) social motivation, 2) expressive modes, 3) social differentials, and 4) social meanings. The purpose is to highlight the (in)appropriate transfer of source language norms to target language situations, which is an important factor in the success or failure of the translation process. The analysis reinforces Blum-Kulka’s (1981) view that translation, as an attempt to render the locutionary and illocutionary acts, very rarely would have the same perlocutionary force on the target reader. Further, the results discussed in the analysis section go in line with her observation that “the more universal the rules governing the performance of any indirect speech act, the easier it will be to reconstruct it in a different language (p.98).