bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Performance of Osmotically Primed Parsley Seed
Authors: Rabin Jack , Berkowitz Gerald A. , Akers Stuart W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Osmotic priming effects on stand establishment and yield were evaluated for ‘Forest Green’ parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) seed sown on three dates in the field. Stand establishment occurred under progressively higher temperatures for early, middle, and late plantings. Seed priming enhanced early seeded stands 78% at one site and 76% at a second site in comparison with untreated seed. This priming effect on seedling establishment for the earliest planting led to a 67% increase in early yield (96 days from seeding) and a 28% yield increase over untreated seed at a later harvest. Stands of primed seed sown at later dates were enhanced to a lesser extent and yields were not affected by osmotic priming.
Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Tuber Production and Specific Gravity in Diploid Potatoes
Authors: Haynes K. G. , Haynes F. L. , Swallow W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tuberization response, average number of tubers produced per tuberized plant, total tuber yield, average tuber weight, and average tuber specific gravity were measured for six diploid potato clones grown under long and short day conditions at 22°/18°C and 18°/14° in the phytotron. Average number of tubers and total tuber yield were significantly greater under short days than under long days. Significant temperature × photoperiod interactions were found for these two variables. Lack of significant photoperiod, temperature, and photoperiod × temperature effects on average tuber weight suggests that significant increases in average yield occur due to an increase in the average number of tubers produced and not to an increase in the size of individual tubers. Average tuber specific gravities were significantly greater at 18°/14° than 22°/18°. A significant temperature × photoperiod interaction was found for this variable.
Incorporating Fruit Set Estimates with Thrips Management to Create a Decision Support System for Apples
Authors: DeGrandi-Hoffman Gloria , Terry Irene , Huber Roger T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Control recommendations for western flower thrips (WFT) (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) management on apples are combined with fruit set predictions to create the foundation for a decision support system. WFT damage apples during bloom, and population density in positively related to the number of open blossoms. Information concerning bloom stage and fruit set predictions [at time (t)] are helpful for determining when to apply pesticides to most effectively prevent fruit damage. Fruit set predictions also supply information for bee colony removal prior to spray applications if a full crop has been set.
Variability in Flower Bud Number Among Peach and Nectarine Cultivars
Authors: Werner Dennis J. , Mowrey Bruce D. , Chaparro Jose X. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thirty-six peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars were evaluated for flower bud number (flower buds/node) over 2 years. Cultivar, year, and year × cultivar effects were highly significant. Cultivars released from California breeding programs generally had fewer flower buds than those from eastern U.S. programs, suggesting that selection for cropping consistency in eastern breeding programs has resulted in release of cultivars with many flower buds. Variance component estimates from this study and from 2 years of sampling trees of ‘Redhaven’ indicates that sampling over years and increasing the number of shoots sampled per tree is warranted. Variability among trees within cultivar was low.
Various Interstem Effects in Combination with ‘Marubakaido N-1’ Rootstock on ‘Fuji’ Apple Growth
Authors: Koike Hiroo , Tsukahara K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of CG.10, CG.47, CG.80, and M.27 as interstems on ‘Marubakaido N-1’ (Malus prunifolia, var. Ringo) rootstock on growth and yield of ‘Fuji’ apples was evaluated. Trees on M.9 were included as a standard. The order of influence of interstocks from small to large trees was as follows: M.27, CG.80, CG.10, and CG.47. Trees on CG.10/‘Marubakaido N-1’ and CG.80/‘Marubakaido N-1’ were similar in size to those of M.9. Trees on M.9 and CG.10/‘Marubakaido N-1’ produced larger fruit than those on other interstems. Trees on CG.10/‘Marubakaido N-1’ and M.9 were most efficient, followed by M.27/‘Marubakaido N-1’, CG.80/‘Marubakaido N-1’, and CG.47/‘Marubakaido N-1’.
Photoperiodic and Gibberellin-induced Growth and Flowering Responses of Gaillardia × grandiflora
Authors: Evans Michael R. , Lyons Robert E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gaillardia × grandiflora Van Houtte ‘Dazzler’ and ‘Goblin’ were induced to flower under long days. Applications of GA4+7 (GA) substituted for long days and promoted flowering under short days in the same amount of time required by untreated, photoperiodically induced plants. Although cultivar and photoperiod dependent, GA also increased scape length and reduced scape caliper, flower head diameter and ray floret number. Leaf production was accelerated by several weekly applications of GA.
Water Relations of Cut Eastern Redcedar Christmas Trees
Authors: Hinesley L. Eric 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginia L.) Christmas trees were cut in early December, brought indoors, and dried to different xylem pressure potentials (Ψ) before the stems were recut and placed in water. Redcedar trees dried rapidly, but quickly rehydrated even at Ψ as low as –6.5 to –7.0 MPa. Trees displayed negligible foliage loss while drying, but those dried to Ψ ≤ –4.9 MPa were predisposed to heavy defoliation following rehydration. There was a linear relationship between Ψ and twig moisture content (dry-weight basis).
Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio and Greening and Protocorm Formation in Orchid Callus Tissues
Authors: Chia T. F. , Hew C. S. , Loh C. S. , Lee Y. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Callus tissues of orchid Aranda Tay Swee Eng (Archnis Lily Chong × Vanda Piha Moon) were cultured in Vacin and Went's medium that contained between 0% and 2% fructose. The chlorophyll content of callus tissues measured after 31 days of incubation ranged from 59 to 133 µg·g–1 tissue and was inversely proportional to the C/N ratio of the initial culture medium. The number of protocorm developed on callus tissue was instead inversely proportional to the residual C/N ratio of the 31-day-old culture medium and ranged from 13 to 74. The interrelationship of the C/N ratio of the medium, chlorophyll content, and protocorm formation in Aranda callus tissues is discussed.
Complementary Genes for Orange Fruit Flesh Color in Cucurbita pepo
Authors: Paris Harry S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of fruit flesh color in Cucurbita pepo L. (squash, pumpkin) was studied in filial and backcross generation progenies of the cross between ‘Vegetable Spaghetti’, which has pale flesh, and ‘Precocious Fordhook Zucchini’, which has orange flesh. Orange flesh was found to be conditioned by two complementary dominant genes, B and L-2.
Two Genes that Induce Brachytic Dwarfism in Peach
Authors: Hansche Paul E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Crosses between brachytic dwarf (dwf) and standard (tall) trees in the peach breeding stock of the Univ. of California at Davis revealed two recessive genes with distinguishable effects on stature. It was concluded that one of these is the Dw/dw gene postulated by Lammerts. This gene was introduced to the United States through PI 41395, ‘Swatow’, in 1915. In homozygotes it effects a reduction in the internode length over that of standard trees from 18 ± 3.1 mm to 7.7 ± 2 mm, which results in 6-year-old trees averaging 1.37 ± 0.25 m in stature at Davis, Calif. The recessive allele, dw2, of the other gene, Dw2/dw2, is hypostatic to the Dw allele of the Dw/dw gene. It was found to be present, but not expressed, in the standard (tall cultivars Kearney, Red Cal, and Fire Red). Doubly recessive homozygotes (of genotype dw/dw, dw/2dw2) have an internode distance of 4.4 ± 0.8 mm and a stature, at 6 years, of 0.92 ± 0.18 m.
In Vitro Growth of American Lotus Embryos
Authors: Kane Michael E. , Sheehan Thomas J. , Ferwerda Feiko H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rhizome cultures of American lotus [Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers.] were established in vitro from excised embryos cultured in liquid half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium. Effects of medium supplementation with either BA, zeatin, GA3, or ABA on growth and development were evaluated. Neither BA nor zeatin had a significant effect on rhizome growth and development. Maximum rhizome growth and node number occurred in medium supplemented with 290 µm GA3 (100 mg·liter–1). Rhizome growth was inhibited in the presence of 0.38 µm ABA (1.0 mg·liter–1) and greater. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA), 2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)-2-buten-1-ol (zeatin), (1α, 2β, 4aα, 4bβ, 10β)-2,4a, 7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-1, 10-dicarboxylic acid 1,4a-lactone (GA3), [S-(Z,E)]-[5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (ABA).
Enhanced Regeneration in Long-term Callus Cultures of Red Fescue by Pretreatment with Activated Charcoal
Authors: Zaghmout Ousama M. F. , Torello William A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Additions of activated charcoal (AC) to maintenance media before regeneration were evaluted for possible enhancement of plant regeneration from long-term embryogenic callus cultures of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Pretreatment with AC increased the level of precocious germination during culture and significantly increased shoot and root formation after transfer to regeneration media. Activated charcoal adsorbed and reduced the activity of toxic levels of 2,4-D. Adsorption of 2,4-D along with other inhibitors of morphogenesis by AC are implicated in the enhancement of regeneration. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D).
Calculation of Growing Medium Bulk Volume Using Medium Height and Pot Dimensions
Authors: Hershey David R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the most important aspects of the physics of growing media in containers is the limited bulk volume of the medium (2,4). Bulk volume (BV) includes the volume of the medium solids and pore spaces (1). Despite the importance of BV in determining the amounts of air, water, and nutrients in the pot, BV is rarely specified in research articles involving plant growth in container media. Without BV, volumetric properties, such as bulk density (g/ml), container capacity (percent by volume), air-filled porosity (percent by volume) and fertilization and liming rates (kg/m3), cannot be converted to absolute amounts per pot. The purpose of this study was to develop equations to calculate BV using pot dimensions and medium height in the pot.
Seven Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus Resistant Pea Breeding Lines
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Kean D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seven breeding lines of peas (Pisum sativum L.), OSU 547-29, OSU 559-6, OSU 564-3, OSU 584-16, OSU 589- 12, OSU 615-15, and OSU 620-1, resistant to pea seedborne mosaic virus (PSbMV) and pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) have been released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. The lines resulted from three cycles of breeding to transfer pea seedborne mosaic virus resistance from PI lines to commercially usable peas. They have horticultural type approaching that of commercial cultivars, and all have good field resistance to pea enation mosaic virus. The development of cultivars resistant to PSbMV should relieve the pea seed industry of the restrictions and expenses involved in avoidance of PSbMV contamination of seed supplies.
‘Primícia’ Apple
Authors: Denardi F. , Hough L. F. , Camilo A. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The principal area of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) production in Brazil is in the south in the states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná. In these states, apples are grown using modern technology, and trees are propagated on size-controlling rootstocks (1). Apple production areas are limited because present cultivars have inadequate climatic adaptation and a high level of susceptibility to fungal diseases, including apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.], powdery mildew [Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev.) Salm.], and bitter rot [Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld & Schrenk] (2). There is a need to develop early ripening cultivars that would make it possible to reduce the cost of chemical protection against diseases and also reduce the length of time that late-maturing apples must be stored until the beginning of the next summer's harvest.
Tissue Culture in the Improvement of Eustoma
Authors: Griesbach R. J. , M. Roh P. Semeniuk , Lawson R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Genetic engineering offers promise in the development of new plant forms. Alterations in plant size, branching, flower color and form, disease resistance, and many other factors may occur in plants produced by new technologies without sexual breeding and selection. Many desirable characteristics, not always observed in plants developed by breeding, are often expressed in plants engineered by tissue culture technology. Some of the plants showing these different new trait(s) also can be reproduced uniformly from seed, thus indicating genetic transmission of the new trait(s). This exciting approach to plant modification has been used to develop new forms of lisianthus.
Evolution of and Issues Associated with Economically Useful Plastic Greenhouses for Production in the Portuguese Mild Winter
Authors: Monteiro António A. , Lança Cristina , Rosa Armindo , Jordão Antonio , Portas Carlos M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the past two decades, Europe has seen a marked increase in acreage of vegetables and flowers grown under plastic. The increase in production is most pronounced in the Mediterranean countries, where increased light intensity and favorable winter temperatures made culture under plastic without fossil-fueled heating possible. The migration of the greenhouse industry southward in Europe reflects: a) prohibitive cost of fossil fuels; b) development of simple technologies suitable for small and poorly trained growers; c) decreased investment in structures per square meter and per unit of product produced.
A Review of Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Genus Lycopersicon
Authors: Warnock S. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The most recent complete treatments of the genus Lycopersicon were by Muller (17) in 1940 and Luckwill (14) in 1943—these monographs being the first thorough studies since Dunal's (10) treatment in 1852. Muller listed six species for the genus at that time, and three varieties, and three forms within four of these (Table 1). Luckwill (14) was in the course of preparation of his monograph when Muller (17) published his, and, as he indicated, Muller did much to clear up the taxonomic chaos. Luckwill essentially followed Muller in his subgeneric divisions and species treatment, except that Luckwill recognized a seventh species, L. pissisi Phil. (Table 2). In addition, Luckwill attempted to classify, as he indicated, the numerous subspecific and varietal forms, particularly those within L. esculentum Mill. and L. peruvianum (L) Mill., an exercise that Muller avoided.
Citrus Cultivars in Japan
Authors: Iwamasa Masao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Total citrus plantings in Japan in 1983 consisted of about 170,000 ha, and the total production was about 3.73 × 106 t. In the past two decades, we have experienced rapid changes in the Japanese citrus industry. Between 1965 and 1975, satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) plantings increased from 115,200 to 169,400 ha, and decreased to 120,700 ha in 1983. Satsuma fruit, which reached a maximum of 3.66 × 106 t in 1975, was overproduced, thus the planting area decreased rapidly, with production diminishing to 2.86 × 106 t by 1983. Plantings of other citrus cultivars increased from 23,800 to 33,900 ha between 1965 and 1975 and to 49,900 ha in 1983. Total production of these cultivars increased from about 308,000 to 872,000 t between 1965 and 1983.
Major Commercial Citrus Varieties of the United States
Authors: Reuther Walter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Citrus was introduced to Florida by the early Spanish explorers more than 400 years ago, and to Arizona and California about 200 and Texas about 150 years later by Spanish missionaries. Some of the varieties grown today are selections from seedlings planted by these early Spanish explorers and missionaries. Production was confined largely to local use until the development of effective rail transportation beginning about 100 years ago.
Inducing Flowering of Homalomena lindenii (Rodigas) Ridley with Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Henny R. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Homalomena lindenii (Rodigas) Ridley treated with a single foliar spray of gibberellic acid (GA3) at 100, 200, or 400 mg·liter–1 flowered within an average of 137 days after treatment whereas untreated plants did not flower. In a second experiment, plants treated with GA3 at 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg·liter–1 did not. Blooms displayed no structural abnormalities.
Influence of Temperature and Controlled Atmosphere on Storage of ‘Green Globe’ Artichoke Buds
Authors: Miccolis Vito , Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Storage of large, mature artichoke buds (Cynara scolymus L., cv. Green Globe) in humidified air at 7°C for 1 week, 2.5° for 2 weeks, or 0° for 3 weeks resulted in significant quality losses. There was little or no beneficial effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) on quality retention when buds were stored at 0° under lowered O2 (1%, 2.5%, or 5%) and elevated CO2 (0%, 2.5%, or 5%) atmospheres. Bracts and receptacles blackened in all treatments after 4 weeks of storage. The degree of blackening was insignificant in air, but became severe as the O2 level decreased from 5% to 1% and CO2 increased from 2.5% to 5%. Thus, CA storage of large artichoke buds can not be recommended.
Cold Hardiness of ‘Midiron’ and ‘Tifgreen’ Bermudagrass
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey A. , Kenna Michael P. , Taliaferro Charles M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electrolyte leakage and regrowth tests were used to estimate cold hardiness levels of field-grown ‘Midiron’ and ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis crowns. The two procedures were in close agreement. ‘Midiron’ was hardier than ‘Tifgreen’ on all sampling dates. Greatest levels of freeze tolerance were –11°C for ‘Midiron’ and –7° for Tifgreen’ during December and January, ‘Midiron’ was killed at –5° in early June while ‘Tifgreen’ had lost all freeze tolerance by this date. Although the electrolyte leakage procedure was rapid and required no greenhouse space, it was relatively difficult to set up and evaluate.
Selection of Pulp Color and Thickness in Calabaza
Authors: Unander David W. , Varela-Ramirez Felicita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Genetic differences in internal color need to be detectable to select improved calabaza [Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir.] for regions where a dark orange pulp is preferred. For 2 years, data were collected from the cultivar ‘Borinquen’ to relate the effect of age of fruit on internal color. Several possible maturity indicators were also followed. Pulp color was quantified by a color chart assigned numerical values. Orange color increased with fruit age during both years, with a commercially desirable color having developed by 50 days after anthesis in ‘Borinquen’. Maturity indicators, such as dried tendrils or change in rind color, were too variable to be used reliably to choose fruit for detecting pulp color differences among lines. We found tagging of sample fruit at anthesis and harvesting 50 days later to be the most consistent method for selecting lines for orange pulp and/or fast maturation. Using this approach, highly significant differences were found among S1 (self-pollinated) lines for pulp color and thickness and among S2 lines for pulp color. S2 lines were equal or better in pulp color than ‘Borinquen’, even though they were derived from populations variable for pulp traits. Pulp color and thickness were also correlated in these lines. We concluded that both traits seem selectable with our method in early generations of self pollination.
Regeneration of Blueberry Plantlets from Leaf Segments
Authors: Billings Sharon G. , Chin Chee K. , Jelenkovic Gojko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A procedure to regenerate shoots in vitro from leaf sections of two blueberry genotypes, ‘Berkeley’ and ‘Bluehaven’, in Woody Plant Medium was established. The effect of 20 combinations of growth regulators: NAA at 0, 1, 2, and 4 µM and 2iP at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM were compared. Combinations containing NAA generally promoted callus formation and suppressed shoot regeneration. Conversely, media containing cytokinin promoted shoot regeneration and suppressed callus formations. The optimal medium for shoot regeneration contained 15 µM 2iP but no NAA. This procedure was highly efficient (70%–100%) in producing large numbers of shoots in a relatively short period (4 weeks). Chemical names used: N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1-H-purine-6-amine (2iP); 2-(l-naphthyl)acetic acid (NAA).
Immunoblotting to Detect a Soluble Glycoprotein from Trifoliate Orange in a Citrus Hybrid
Authors: Witt Wolfgang , Bausher Michael G. , Yelenosky George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies against the major soluble glycoprotein of trifoliate orange [Poncirus trìfoliata (L.) Raf.] were produced in rabbits. The antisera were used to detect the glycoprotein in foliar protein extracts from a hybrid of Poncirus and Citrus genotypes by immunoblotting. One of the sera was found to be highly specific and was suited to indicate trifoliate gene expression. Cross-reacting bands in protein extracts from citrus callus tissue and in the medium of suspension cell cultures suggest that tissue culture systems can be used for biochemical studies of glycoproteins, but not for genotype characterization.
In Vitro Propagation of Kohlrabi from Leaf Explants
Authors: Glendening Thomas M. , Sjolund Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tissue culture techniques now are used to propagate species of brassica, many of which are used as vegetables, forage and fodder, and oilseed (2). Tissue culture has been especially beneficial in the maintenance of self-incompatible parent lines of Brassica oleracea and also in eliminating the reduction of vigor associated with continuous inbreeding of parent lines (4). Although many members of B. oleracea have been propagated by tissue culture techniques, the study of the in vitro growth of kohlrabi has been limited (1). In most cases where in vitro growth has been reported, either no plants were regenerated or the regeneration percentage was extremely low (3, 6, 7). We determined the optimum concentration of plant growth regulators needed to induce shoots and to promote their subsequent rooting.
Root Initiation in Root-pruned Hardwoods
Authors: Gilman Edward F. , Yeager Thomas H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lateral root pruning and rootstock undercutting is practiced in field tree production. The timing, frequency, pruning distance from the trunk, and depth of pruning vary within the industry. Lateral roots formed in response to pruning usually originate close to the cut surface (1, 2, 5). Two recent studies indicated that root pruning field-grown landscape-sized trees increased root density within the root ball (3, 4). This research was conducted to determine the effect of root pruning on the location of regenerated roots and growth of existing unpruned lateral roots.