bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicant perceptions of selection methods for health professions education: Rationales and subgroup differences
Authors: Fikrat‐Wevers Suzanne , Stegers‐Jager Karen , Groenier Marleen , Koster Andries , Ravesloot Jan Hindrik , Van Gestel Renske , Wouters Anouk , van den Broek Walter , Woltman Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextApplicant perceptions of selection methods can affect motivation, performance and withdrawal and may therefore be of relevance in the context of widening access. However, it is unknown how applicant subgroups perceive different selection methods.ObjectivesUsing organisational justice theory, the present multi‐site study examined applicant perceptions of various selection methods, rationales behind perceptions and subgroup differences.MethodsApplicants to five Dutch undergraduate health professions programmes (N = 704) completed an online survey including demographics and a questionnaire on applicant perceptions applied to 11 commonly used selection methods. Applicants rated general favourability and justice dimensions (7‐point Likert scale) and could add comments for each method.ResultsDescriptive statistics revealed a preference for selection methods on which applicants feel more ‘in control’: General favourability ratings were highest for curriculum‐sampling tests (mean [M] = 5.32) and skills tests (M = 5.13), while weighted lottery (M = 3.05) and unweighted lottery (M = 2.97) were perceived least favourable. Additionally, applicants preferred to distinguish themselves on methods that assess attributes beyond cognitive abilities. Qualitative content analysis of comments revealed several conflicting preferences, including a desire for multiple selection methods versus concerns of experiencing too much stress. Results from a linear mixed model of general favourability indicated some small subgroup differences in perceptions (based on gender, migration background, prior education and parental education), but practical meaning of these differences was negligible. Nevertheless, concerns were expressed that certain selection methods can hinder equitable admission due to inequal access to resources.ConclusionsOur findings illustrate that applicants desire to demonstrate a variety of attributes on a combination of selection tools, but also observe that this can result in multiple drawbacks. The present study can help programmes in deciding which selection methods to include, which more negatively perceived methods should be better justified to applicants, and how to adapt methods to meet applicants' needs.
Building height calculation for an urban area based on street view images and deep learning
Authors: Xu Zhen , Zhang Furong , Wu Yingying , Yang Yajun , Wu Yuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe building heights of an urban area are useful for space analysis, urban planning, and city management. To this end, a novel method for building height calculation for an urban area is proposed based on street view images and a deep learning model, that is, mask region‐based convolutional neural network (Mask R‐CNN). First, a spider of street view maps was developed, and an optimization model for observation locations was designed based on a genetic algorithm, by which the street view images of all buildings can be obtained with the minimum number of downloads. Subsequently, a deep learning workflow was designed based on the Mask R‐CNN to detect buildings from the panorama images. Finally, an accurate height calculation model considering repeated detection of buildings was developed by mapping between detected buildings and actual buildings. Case studies indicate that the mean error of height calculation is 0.78 m, which achieves high precision for calculating building heights in urban areas, while the average calculation time is 4.57 s per building, which indicates that the proposed method is efficient for the application in urban areas.
Nutritional intake and food sources in an adult urban Kenyan population
Authors: Vila‐Real Catarina Pereira de Melo , Pimenta‐Martins Ana Sofia , Kunyanga Catherine Nkirote , Mbugua Samuel Kuria , Katina Kati , Maina Ndegwa Henry , Gomes Ana Maria Pereira , Pinto Elisabete Cristina Bastos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUrbanisation is hastening the transition from traditional food habits to less healthy diets, which are becoming more common among Kenyans. No up‐to‐date studies on usual dietary intake and the main food sources of adult Kenyans are available. The aim of the present study was to identify the main food sources of nutrients in the diet of urban adult Kenyans and explore potential associations with demographic variables including age, sex, level of education, occupation and body mass index. The study adopted a cross‐sectional design. The dietary intake of 486 adult Kenyans from Nairobi was assessed using a validated, culture‐sensitive, semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between food sources and demographic variables. Macronutrient intakes as a proportion of total energy intake (TEI) were within international dietary guidelines. Cereals and grain products (34.0%), sugar, syrups, sweets and snacks (9.8%), fruits (9.7%) and meat and eggs (8.8%) were the major contributors to TEI. Cereals and grain products contributed 42.5% to carbohydrates, followed by fruits (12.4%) and sugar, syrups, sweets and snacks (10.6%). The most important sources of protein and total fat were cereals and grain products (23.3% and 19.7%, respectively) and meat and eggs (22.0% and 18.7%, respectively). Sex, age and level of education were associated with the choice of food groups. Although macronutrient intakes were within guidelines, the Kenyan diet was revealed to be high in sugars, salt and fibre, with differences in food sources according to demographic variables. These results can act as an incentive to national authorities to implement nutritional strategies aiming to raise awareness of healthier dietary patterns among Kenyans.
Spatial proteomics of vesicular trafficking: coupling mass spectrometry and imaging approaches in membrane biology
Authors: Zhang Liang , Liang Xinlin , Takáč Tomáš , Komis George , Li Xiaojuan , Zhang Yuan , Ovečka Miroslav , Chen Yanmei , Šamaj Jozef 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn plants, membrane compartmentalization requires vesicle trafficking for communication among distinct organelles. Membrane proteins involved in vesicle trafficking are highly dynamic and can respond rapidly to changes in the environment and to cellular signals. Capturing their localization and dynamics is thus essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying vesicular trafficking pathways. Quantitative mass spectrometry and imaging approaches allow a system‐wide dissection of the vesicular proteome, the characterization of ligand‐receptor pairs and the determination of secretory, endocytic, recycling and vacuolar trafficking pathways. In this review, we highlight major proteomics and imaging methods employed to determine the location, distribution and abundance of proteins within given trafficking routes. We focus in particular on methodologies for the elucidation of vesicle protein dynamics and interactions and their connections to downstream signalling outputs. Finally, we assess their biological applications in exploring different cellular and subcellular processes.
Understanding Wittgenstein's positive philosophy through language‐games: Giving philosophy peace
Authors: Pukhaev Andrey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA significant discrepancy in Wittgenstein's studies is whether Philosophical Investigations contains any trace of positive philosophy, notwithstanding the author's apparent anti‐theoretic position. This study argues that the so‐called ‘Chapter on philosophy’ in the Investigations §§89–133 contains negative and positive vocabulary and the use of various voices through which Wittgenstein employs his primary method of language‐games, thus providing a surveyable understanding of several philosophical concepts, such as knowledge and time. His positive philosophy aims to reorient our attention from understanding the theories on these concepts to understanding the concepts themselves, regardless of any theorisation.
Rural development in the digital age: Does information and communication technology adoption contribute to credit access and income growth in rural China?
Authors: Ma Wanglin , Qiu Huanguang , Rahut Dil Bahadur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformation and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in rural livelihoods and household well‐being. Therefore, this study examines the impact of ICT adoption on farmers' decisions to access credit and the joint effects of ICT adoption and access to credit on household income using 2016 China Labour‐force Dynamics Survey data. Both recursive bivariate probit model and a selectivity‐corrected ordinary least square regression model are employed for the analysis. The results show that ICT adoption increases the probability of access to credit by 12.8% in rural China and empowers rural women and farm households in relatively less‐developed regions to access credit. ICT adoption and access to credit affect household income differently. ICT adoption significantly increases household income, while access to credit significantly reduces it, primarily because farmers do not use the acquired credit to invest in income‐generating farm and off‐farm business activities. ICT adoption has the largest positive impact on household income at the highest 90th quantile. Our findings suggest that improving rural ICT infrastructure to enhance farmers' ICT adoption and developing ICT‐based financial products to enable households to access sufficient funds can improve rural household welfare.
Distributed inference for two‐sample U‐statistics in massive data analysis
Authors: Huang Bingyao , Liu Yanyan , Peng Liuhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper considers distributed inference for two‐sample U‐statistics under the massive data setting. In order to reduce the computational complexity, this paper proposes distributed two‐sample U‐statistics and blockwise linear two‐sample U‐statistics. The blockwise linear two‐sample U‐statistic, which requires less communication cost, is more computationally efficient especially when the data are stored in different locations. The asymptotic properties of both types of distributed two‐sample U‐statistics are established. In addition, this paper proposes bootstrap algorithms to approximate the distributions of distributed two‐sample U‐statistics and blockwise linear two‐sample U‐statistics for both nondegenerate and degenerate cases. The distributed weighted bootstrap for the distributed two‐sample U‐statistic is new in the literature. The proposed bootstrap procedures are computationally efficient and are suitable for distributed computing platforms with theoretical guarantees. Extensive numerical studies illustrate that the proposed distributed approaches are feasible and effective.
Subnational policy innovation: The birth of social pensions in Mexico
Authors: Medrano Anahely 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe re‐emergence of universalistic social policy in Latin America in the 2000s, led to the implementation of non‐contributory and unconditional old‐pensions programmes in the region. Unlike other Latin American countries, these programmes originated at the subnational level in Mexico. In 2001, Mexico City's government implemented the first universal programme of social pensions in the country. This work seeks to explain why and how this policy innovation emerged and became a social right in Mexico City, in spite of the dominance of a neoliberal policy paradigm at the national level. This analysis shows the decisive role of the struggle of key actors over policy ideas in the creation of social pensions in Mexico, as well as its interaction with other economic, political and institutional factors, in a federal context.
Validity of self‐reported skin color by using skin color evaluation scale
Authors: Nakashima Yuma , Wada Keiko , Yamakawa Michiyo , Nagata Chisato 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough skin color has been suggested to be associated with the risk of some chronic disease, there has been no validated visual skin‐color scale, with which subjects can self‐report their skin color. Our objective was to develop a visual skin color evaluation scale for self‐reporting that would be useful in large‐scale epidemiological studies.Materials and methodsStudy participants were 99 university Japanese students aged 19–29. We developed a skin color evaluation scale consisting of six colors from light to dark. Participants were asked to choose one color that was the closest to their skin color. Their skin color was measured on the back of the hand and the inner upper arm by an examiner using a narrowband reflective spectrophotometer. Self‐reported skin color was compared with the melanin and erythema indices.ResultsSpearman's rank correlation coefficients of self‐reported color with the melanin index after adjusted for age, temperature, and humidity were moderate but significant at both sites for both men and women. The correlation coefficients with the erythema index were significant only on the back of the hand for men. The higher melanin index was significantly associated with the darker skin color in both sexes for both sites. The erythema index showed such a significant trend only in men and not in women.ConclusionsThe validity of the skin color chart was moderate of melanin among Japanese people. It may be useful for large population studies examining the relationships between skin color and health outcomes.
Chrysanthemum MAF2 regulates flowering by repressing gibberellin biosynthesis in response to low temperature
Authors: Lyu Jing , Aiwaili Palinuer , Gu Zhaoyu , Xu Yanjie , Zhang Yunhan , Wang Zhiling , Huang Hongfeng , Zeng Ruihong , Ma Chao , Gao Junping , Zhao Xin , Hong Bo 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYChrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is well known as a photoperiod‐sensitive flowering plant. However, it has also evolved into a temperature‐sensitive ecotype. Low temperature can promote the floral transition of the temperature‐sensitive ecotype, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we identified MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 2 (CmMAF2), a putative MADS‐box gene, which induces floral transition in response to low temperatures independent of day length conditions in this ecotype. CmMAF2 was shown to bind to the promoter of the GA biosynthesis gene CmGA20ox1 and to directly regulate the biosynthesis of bioactive GA1 and GA4. The elevated bioactive GA levels activated LEAFY (CmLFY) expression, ultimately initiating floral transition. In addition, CmMAF2 expression in response to low temperatures was directly activated by CmC3H1, a CCCH‐type zinc‐finger protein upstream. In summary, our results reveal that the CmC3H1–CmMAF2 module regulates flowering time in response to low temperatures by regulating GA biosynthesis in the temperature‐sensitive chrysanthemum ecotype.
Diversity and trends of human milk banking: a scoping review from 1946 to 2021
Authors: Siziba Linda P , Huhn Sebastian , Pütz Elisabeth , Baier Caroline , Peter Raphael S , Gebauer Corinna , Griffin Samantha , Wedekind Sophie , Shenker Natalie , Genuneit Jon 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe provision of donor human milk (DHM) through human milk banks is now widely practised globally. The study aimed to describe the current state, identify major topics and map out the emerging trends in human milk banking.MethodsPubMed was systematically searched for publications related to DHM, with the last update on 14 May 2021, for papers published between 1946 and 2021. Titles and abstracts were screened and indexed into 8 main and 39 subcategories. A top-up search was done in April 2022, but these results have not been incorporated.ResultsA total of 1083 publications were identified, and more than a third (41%) were either observational or interventional studies. Predominant topics were milk type and milk composition. Almost half (49%) of the publications in the last decade were funded through government/research councils, and industry funding started shortly after links between formula and necrotising enterocolitis were published. Literature from high-income countries was six times more than publications from low-income or middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionThe diversity and trends of publications included in this scoping review ranged from descriptive studies comparing biological and compositional differences of mother’s own milk, DHM and/or formula. Very few studies have investigated associations of different milk types with infant outcomes. Evidence on breastfeeding and recipient psychological health outcomes is limited. Further research should identify the appropriateness of different funding sources. Future collaborations between academics, clinicians and milk banks in LMICs should be fostered to bridge the gap that exists between DHM and access.
Influence of the frame of reference on head acceleration events recorded by instrumented mouthguards in community rugby players
Authors: Bussey Melanie Dawn , Davidson Peter , Salmon Danielle , Romanchuk Janelle , Tong Darryl , Sole Gisela 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo highlight the need for standardisation in the communication of head impact telemetry from instrumented mouthguards (iMG). The purpose of this study is to examine how the frame of reference for reporting head acceleration events (HAE) may affect the interpretation of head impacts recorded from iMGs in community rugby players.MethodsAn analytical investigation of 825 video verified HAEs recorded from male community players during 5 rugby match exposures. HAEs were captured with an iMG, known to be reliable and valid for this purpose. The linear and angular head acceleration at the centre of mass (head_CG) was calculated from filtered iMG accelerometer and gyroscope data, and the location of impact was estimated. The iMG and head_CG data were examined for systematic bias, geometric differences and the degree of concordance. Finally, mixed model analyses were fitted to assess the differences in peak resultant acceleration (PLA) by impact locations and directions of head motion while controlling for intra-athlete correlations.ResultsThe degree of concordance between the iMG versus head_CG measures varied by impact location. The mixed model confirmed differences in the PLA by location (F(8,819)= 16.55, p<0.001) and by direction of head motion (F(5,417)= 7.78, p<0.001).ConclusionThe head acceleration reported at the iMG is not proportional to measurements that have been transformed to the head_CG. Depending on the impact location and direction of head motion, the acceleration measured at the iMG may overestimate, underestimate or miss entirely the PLA with respect to the head_CG. We recommend standardising the reporting of iMG data within the head_CG frame of reference.
Reduced humoral response to a third dose (booster) of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines by concomitant methotrexate therapy in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Stahl David , tho Pesch Carola , Brück Carolin , Esser Ruth L , Thiele Jan , Di Cristanziano Veronica , Kofler David M 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSeveral health authorities recommend a third (booster) vaccination to protect patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases from severe COVID-19. Methotrexate has been shown to reduce the efficacy of the first and second dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. So far, it remains unknown how concomitant methotrexate affects the efficacy of a COVID-19 booster vaccination.MethodsWe compared the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in 136 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate and/or biological or targeted synthetic (b/tsDMARDs). IgG targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was measured at a median of 52.5 (range 2–147) days after a third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273.ResultsAnti-RBD IgG was significantly reduced in elderly patients receiving concomitant treatment with methotrexate as compared with elderly patients receiving monotherapy with b/tsDMARDs or methotrexate (64.8 (20.8, 600.3) binding antibody units per mL (BAU/mL) vs 1106.0 (526.3, 4965.2) BAU/mL vs 1743.8 (734.5, 6779.6) BAU/mL, median (IQR), p<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). In younger patients (< 64.5 years), concomitant methotrexate had no significant impact on the humoral immune response.ConclusionsConcomitant methotrexate increases the risk of an insufficient humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in elderly patients with RA. Pausing methotrexate during the third vaccination period may be considered for this group of patients.
NOTCH2NLCexpanded GGC repeats in patients with cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Wang Yun-chao , Fan Yu , Yu Wen-Kai , Shen Si , Li Jia-Di , Gao Yuan , Ji Yan , Li Yu-Sheng , Yu Lu-Lu , Zhao Zi-Chen , Li Shan-Shan , Ding Yao , Shi Chang-He , Xu Yu-ming 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveGGC repeat expansions in the human-specificNOTCH2NLCgene have been reported as the cause of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). Given the clinical overlap of cognitive impairment in NIID and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), both diseases have white matter hyperintensity on T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences of brain MRI, and white matter hyperintensity is a primary neuroimaging marker of CSVD on MRI. Therefore, we hypothesised that the GGC repeat expansions might also contribute to CSVD. To further investigate the relationship betweenNOTCH2NLCGGC repeat expansions and CSVD, we performed a genetic analysis of 814 patients with the disease.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive GGC repeat expansion screening inNOTCH2NLCfrom 814 patients with sporadic CSVD. Their Fazekas score was greater than or equal to 3 points. Repeat-primed PCR and fluorescence amplicon length analyses were performed to identify GGC repeat expansions, and whole-exome sequencing was used to detect any pathogenic mutation in previously reported genes associated with CSVD.ResultsWe identified nine (1.11%) patients with pathogenic GGC repeat expansions ranging from 41 to 98 repeats. The minor allele frequency of expanded GGC repeats inNOTCH2NLCwas 0.55%.ConclusionOur findings suggest that intermediate-length and longer-length GGC repeat expansions inNOTCH2NLCare associated with sporadic CSVD. This provides new thinking for studying the pathogenesis of CSVD.