bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopic analysis of otolith carbonates using laser heating: A fast method for obtaining high‐resolution climate signal
Authors: Sengupta Torsa , Ghoshmaulik Sangbaran , Bhattacharya Sourendra Kumar , Deshpande Mukherjee Arati , Krishna Sanjay , Sarkar Anindya 
Published: February 2022

RationaleThe stable isotopic compositions of biogenic carbonates like fish otoliths (ear bones) are widely used for palaeoclimatic reconstruction. The conventional method using acid‐digestion of micro‐milled samples is a multi‐step time‐consuming process. Here we report a fast method based on laser heating of otolith carbonates to obtain accurate and high‐resolution stable isotopic compositions.MethodOtoliths of catfish from the Gulf of Kutch were analysed to check the precision, accuracy and time‐resolution of the isotope ratios. The CO2, generated by heating otoliths with a 50 W CO2 laser, was analysed for its oxygen and carbon isotope ratio [δ18O and δ13C, with precision: 0.12 and 0.17‰ (1σ), accuracy: 0.13 and 0.25‰, respectively] using a continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The effect of laser power (0.7–2 W) was assessed for reproducible data. Samples were roasted and analysed to account for the effect of the inherent organic matter on the isotopic values.ResultsRoasting did not alter the δ18O of the otoliths but increased the δ13C slightly. High‐resolution (125 μm) analysis of the right and left otolith of a fish yielded similar δ18O and δ13C values, suggesting the suitability of either of them for deriving the climate signal. An increase in δ18O values from ~ −2‰ to ~ −1‰, observed across the ontogeny, is consistent with the known migratory behaviour of the catfish between freshwater and the sea.ConclusionsThe otolith δ18O value of an adult fish records the sea surface temperature (with ~3°C uncertainty) on a monthly scale. The otolith δ13C values, with the knowledge of dietary δ13C, provide the mean annual δ13C value of dissolved inorganic carbon. The study provides a rapid method for retrieving high‐resolution seasonal climate data from otoliths found aplenty in geological/archaeological records.
Compression automation of circular stapler for preventing compression injury on gastrointestinal anastomosis
Authors: Kim Jin‐Seok , Park Sang‐Ho , Kim Nam‐Su , Lee In Young , Jung Hyun Seok , Ahn Hong‐Min , Son Gyung Mo , Baek Kwang‐Ryul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundConventional manual compression relies on the surgeon's subjective sensations, so excessive compression can cause tissue injury to the stapling line of the intestinal anastomosis.MethodsAutomatic compression monitoring and compression control system was developed for circular stapler. The tissue injury related compression variables were evaluated and accommodated by compression control device. The compression injury‐reducing performance was verified on collagen sheets of in vitro experiments.ResultsExcessive pressure and tissue deformation were associated with compression‐induced tissue damages. The safe pressure range was very narrow in weaker tissue than normal collagen. The automatic system performed proper compression within a safe pressure range without tissue injury.ConclusionsManual compression of circular stapler could cause tissue injuries by excessive pressure and tissue deformation. Our automatic compression system is designed to control peak pressure to prevent the compressive tissue injury.
Hydropeaking impact assessment for Iberian cyprinids and leuciscids: An adaptation of the hydropeaking tool method
Authors: Godinho Francisco N. , Alexandre Carlos , Almeida Pedro R. , Martínez‐Capel Francisco , Cortes Rui M. V. , Quintella Bernardo R. , Sanz‐Ronda Javier , Santos José M. , Palau Antoni , Pinheiro António N. , Boavida Isabel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydropeaking negatively affects fish assemblages, but knowledge gaps still constrain our ability to rank and mitigate the impacts of different hydropower operation regimes at particular power plants. This is especially relevant for species and rivers for which the effects of hydropeaking are less investigated, such as the Iberian Cypriniformes and Mediterranean rivers. Recognizing the potential of the hydropeaking tool method (HT) developed for salmonids to systematically assess hydropeaking impacts, we adapted it for Iberian Cypriniformes. The general tool framework developed for the salmonids was kept for the Cypriniformes, with the combined use of factors describing the hydromorphological effects and factors related with fish vulnerability to assess hydropeaking impact. Effect and vulnerability factors were developed for Iberian cyprinids and leuciscids establishing preliminary thresholds for each indicator with three different levels of hydropeaking impact on the targeted taxa. The proposed factors and thresholds were critically reviewed and ranked by experts on Iberian Cypriniformes ecology and Mediterranean rivers functioning. Overall, the timing and distribution of peaking events were ranked higher by the experts in the effect factors, whereas the population size of barbel and smaller native Cypriniformes, as well as the degree of limitations in recruitment, were ranked higher in the vulnerability factors. Although there was some divergence in the expert opinions, a final set of effect and vulnerability factors was established, that retained most of the ones proposed for the salmonids, but included new ones, particularly for vulnerability. The present study provided a comprehensive, straightforward, and systematic assessment tool for evaluating hydropeaking impacts on Iberian Cypriniformes.
Four years of collaboration in a professional learning community: Shifting toward supporting students' epistemic practices
Authors: Shim Soo‐Yean , Thompson Jessica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFew studies have examined how professional learning communities (PLCs) engage in collaborative inquiry over multiple years. This longitudinal study explored how a team of high school science teachers collaborated with researchers and district‐based coaches in a PLC over 4 years. We examined (1) how the PLC, which was situated in a culturally and linguistically diverse school that experienced high teacher and administrator turnover, shifted their collective inquiry and instruction from focusing on students' reproduction of knowledge to supporting students' epistemic practices and (2) how researchers and coaches facilitated the shift. The participants' collective inquiry took place on 12 job‐embedded professional development (PD) days where they collaborated to plan, implement, and reflect on lessons over 4 years. The PLC drew on Ambitious Science Teaching principles, practices, and tools. We collected and qualitatively analyzed video recordings of the participants' meetings and classroom teaching on the 12 PD days (96 h) and artifacts. We also conducted interviews with teachers and coaches. Data suggest that early in the project, the teachers focused on identifying and fixing students' misconceptions, but over time they came to focus on supporting students' epistemic practices—collaborative construction of evidence‐based models and explanations. Facilitators—researchers and coaches—played two major sets of roles—challenging teachers' view of students as reproducers of knowledge and engaging in co‐inquiry with teachers to identify and address problems of practice—that functioned complementary over the years and supported shifts in inquiry and instruction. This study provides implications about sustaining productive inquiry and partnership in PLCs.
A Biosensor for Detection of miR‐106 a by Using Duplex‐Specific Nuclease, Assisted Target, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles and Enzymatic Signal Amplification
Authors: Amoshahi Hamzeh , Shafiee Mohammad R. M. , Kermani Shabnam , Mirmohammadi Mehrosadat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe second main reason of Cancer mortality all around the world is Gastric cancer. One of the circulatory oncogenic microRNAs which has an overexpression in diverse malignancies, specifically in Gastric cancer, is MicroRNA‐106a.In this paper novel supersensitive electrochemical biosensor for the microRNA‐106a detection was studied using a duplex‐specific nuclease‐assisted target recycling incorporated with enzymatic signal amplification, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Specific and selective microRNA‐106a detection with a low limit of detection (0.8 fM) over a vast concentration range from 1 fM to 5 μM has been achieved using the biosensor. Meantime, the biosensor has dedicated high discrimination of analogue microRNA because of intrinsic selectivity of the term hairpin capture probe. Analyzing microRNA‐106a in human serum affirmed the high possibility of the mentioned method for clinical detection of microRNA‐106a and its optimistic potential in biomedical investigation.
Aqueous Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose Catalyzed by Guanidinium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Li Xuan , Chen Zhengjian , Huang Zhechao , Long Jinxing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe isomerization of glucose to fructose is the rate determining step in many techniques for chemo‐catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass to highly value‐added biochemicals. However, current techniques are generally challenging by poor process efficiency, low fructose yield and selectivity, etc. Therefore, the exploitations of novel catalytic systems for the efficient isomerization of glucose are important and highly desired. Herein, a series of biodegradable guanidinium ionic liquids were synthesized and employed in the selective isomerization of glucose to fructose. The results demonstrated that the performance of the isomerization of glucose was significantly influenced by the basic strength of the ionic liquids and the reaction conditions involving catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, time, and solvent. At the optimized conditions of 80 °C for 30 min, an impressive fructose yield of 34.1 % could be obtained in the presence of tetra methyl guanidinium proline ([TMG]Pro). Furthermore, the kinetic behavior of the process was further studied, and the apparent activation energy was 57±2 KJ/mol, which is lower than most current base‐catalyzed glucose isomerization systems. Moreover, the results of isotope labeling experiments showed that this aqueous isomerization of glucose was proceeded via a deprotonation mechanism. Therefore, this work provides a new insight on the selective isomerization of glucose.
Nano Size NiCuZnFe2O4 Tri Metal Spinel Ferrite: Synthesis, Characterizations and Additive for Thermolysis of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Dave Pragnesh , Thakkar Riddhi , Sirach Ruksana , Badgujar Dilip , Deshpande Milind , Chaturvedi Shalini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFerrites especially transition metal based catalysts show a versatile catalytic ability for thermal decomposition of solid propellants. Herein, XRD, UV‐visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and N2‐adsorption desorption analyses were used to analysis trimetallic nano‐ferrite NiCuZnFe2O4 synthesized by co‐precipitation method. The particle size of the NiCuZnFe2O4 found between 9–20 nm. Moreover, we have studied catalytic activity of tri metal ferrite (NiCuZnFe2O4) on thermal decomposition of propellant oxidizer ammonium perchlorate (AP) and monitored by simultaneous thermal analyses. The increased surface area, smaller band gap, and crystalline Raman phase of the AP + NiCuZnFe2O4 mixture contributed to substantial physico‐chemical and catalytic outcomes. The combination of AP with the nano‐catalyst NiCuZnFe2O4 reduced ignition delay, which was ascribed to a lower thermal decomposition temperature.
Photostability and Halochromic Properties of Near‐Infrared Absorbing Anionic Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes
Authors: Arisawa Yuta , Kubota Yasuhiro , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Funabiki Kazumasa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe synthesized near‐infrared‐absorbing anionic heptamethine cyanine (HMC) dyes and investigated their photostability and halochromic properties in detail. Upon changing the methyl groups of the anionic HMC dye to phenyl or perfluorophenyl groups, the maximum absorption wavelengths of the dye solutions were red‐shifted and dye photostability in solution under white LED irradiation at 25 °C was improved. The anionic HMC dye featuring methyl groups presented halochromic properties in solution, and the solution color changed from green to yellow in the presence of acids. This is the first reported anionic HMC dye with halochromic properties. Furthermore, we produced a stimuli‐responsive filter paper adsorbed with anionic HMC dyes that changed color from green to yellow upon exposure to HCl gas and from yellow to green upon subsequent exposure to NH3 gas.
Double Cascading Charge Transfer at Integrated Perovskite/Organic Bulk Heterojunctions for Extended Near‐Infrared Photoresponse and Enhanced Photocurrent
Authors: Gao Yu , Xu Wenzhan , Zhang Si‐Wei , Fan Tianjie , Zhang Meng , Ran Aihua , Zhang Xuan , Kang Feiyu , Wei Guodan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, nearly 48.7% near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation (>800 nm) of the full solar spectrum has actually not been fully utilized since the state‐of‐the‐art perovskite film usually can only absorb the most UV–vis sunlight radiation. Herein, high efficiency integrated Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 perovskite/organic bulk (PC61BM:D18:Y6) heterojunction solar cells with enhanced low energy photon harvest until 931 nm and a high maintained open circuit voltage of 1.04 V is successfully obtained. In particular, the favorable double cascading charge transfer paths pave an interesting possibility to spatially separate electrons upon visible light excitation and holes upon NIR photon absorption simultaneously at interfaces, significantly suppressing non‐radiative bimolecular recombination and reaching the photocurrent density as high as 27.48 mA cm−2 and power conversion efficiency of 20.31%. Besides, the strong hydrophobicity of the ternary organic film has effectively prevented ambient humidity penetration and improves the stability of the perovskite in the continuous aging test (humidity > 60%) compared with the control device. This work has opened a significantly new window to improve the NIR light harvest for next generation highly efficient solar cells with full spectrum response.
Highly Tough, Stretchable, and Solvent‐Resistant Cellulose Nanocrystal Photonic Films for Mechanochromism and Actuator Properties
Authors: Ge Wenna , Zhang Fusheng , Wang Dongdong , Wei Quanmao , Li Qiongya , Feng Zhixin , Feng Shile , Xue Xingya , Qing Guangyan , Liu Yahua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)–derived photonic materials have confirmed great potential in producing renewable optical and engineering areas. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously possess toughness, strength, and multiple responses for developing high‐performance sensors, intelligent coatings, flexible textiles, and multifunctional devices. Herein, the authors report a facile and robust strategy that poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) can be converged into the chiral nematic structure of CNCs by ultraviolet‐triggered free radical polymerization in an N,N‐dimethylformamide solvent system. The resulting CNC–poly(PEGDMA) composite exhibits impressive strength (42 MPa), stretchability (104%), toughness (31 MJ m−3), and solvent resistance. Notably, it preserves vivid optical iridescence, displaying stretchable variation from red, yellow, to green responding to the applied mechanical stimuli. More interestingly, upon exposure to spraying moisture, it executes sensitive actuation (4.6° s−1) and multiple complex 3D deformation behaviors, accompanied by synergistic iridescent appearances. Due to its structural anisotropy of CNC with typical left‐handedness, the actuation shows the capability to generate a high probability (63%) of right‐handed helical shapes, mimicking a coiled tendril. The authors envision that this versatile system with sustainability, robustness, mechanochromism, and specific actuating ability will open a sustainable avenue in mechanical sensors, stretchable optics, intelligent actuators, and soft robots.
Risk of hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancer is increased by primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yu Jingru , Refsum Erle , Helsingen Lise M. , Folseraas Trine , Ploner Alexander , Wieszczy Paulina , Barua Ishita , Jodal Henriette C. , Melum Espen , Løberg Magnus , Blom Johannes , Bretthauer Michael , Adami Hans‐Olov , Kalager Mette , Ye Weimin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is continued uncertainty regarding the risks of hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with or without concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).ObjectiveTo give updated estimates on risk of hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancers in patients with IBD, including pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gall bladder cancer, and intra – and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsIn a population‐based cohort study, we included all patients diagnosed with IBD in Norway and Sweden from 1987 to 2016. The cohort comprised of 141,960 patients, identified through hospital databases and the National Patient Register. Participants were followed through linkage to national cancer, cause of death, and population registries. We calculated absolute risk and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancers by PSC and other clinical characteristics.ResultsOf the 141,960 IBD patients, 3.2% were diagnosed with PSC. During a median follow‐up of 10.0 years, we identified 443 biliary tract cancers (SIR 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8–5.7), 161 hepatocellular carcinomas (SIR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0–2.7) and 282 pancreatic cancers (SIR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5). The relative risks were considerably higher in PSC‐IBD patients, with SIR of 140 (95% CI 123–159) for biliary tract, 38.6 (95% CI 29.2–50.0) for hepatocellular, and 9.0 (95% CI 6.3–12.6) for pancreatic cancer. The SIRs were still slightly increased in non‐PSC‐IBD patients, compared to the general population. For biliary tract cancer, the cumulative probability at 25 years was 15.6% in PSC‐IBD patients, and 0.4% in non‐PSC‐IBD patients.ConclusionsThe dramatically increased risks of hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancers in PSC‐IBD patients support periodic surveillance for these malignancies. While much lower, the excess relative risks in non‐PSC‐IBD patients were not trivial compared to non‐IBD related risk factors.
Experiential motivation and the linguistics of sitting, standing, and lying
Authors: Newman John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe three human at‐rest postures of sitting, standing, and lying are basic, recurring features of human behavior and may reasonably be called primary postures. The three postures share the property of being stable through time, but they are also differentiated in terms of their overall shape, their physiological properties, and typical associated behaviors such as the association of sitting with social interaction, and lying with sleeping. The experiential realities of the three postures underlie and motivate a range of cross‐linguistic phenomena involving morphemes with meanings of “sit”, “stand,” and “lie”. The relevant linguistic phenomena include higher frequencies of occurrence compared with other kinds of posture verbs and differential behavior with respect to some morphosyntactic patterns involving notions such as agentivity. The posture morphemes can also be the source for a variety of semantic extensions reflecting experiential realities of the postures, such as the extension of “lie” to mean “sleep” in some languages. Extensions also include grammaticalizations of the posture morphemes to locative and aspectual markers which reflect the temporal stability and spatial fixedness of the postures themselves.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Cognitive LinguisticsLinguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Red blood cells membrane‐derived nanoparticles: Applications and key challenges in their clinical translation
Authors: Malhotra Sahil , Dumoga Shweta , Singh Neetu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCellular membrane‐derived nanoparticles, particularly of red blood cells (RBCs), represent an emerging class of drug delivery systems. The lack of nucleus and organelles in these cells makes them easy to process and empty out intracellular contents. The empty vesicle membranes can then be either used as a coating on nanoparticles or can be reassembled into a nanovesicle. Engineered RBCs membrane has unique ability to retain its lipid bilayer architecture with host's proteins during top‐down approach, thus allowing it to form stable nanoformulations mimicking RBCs stealth properties. In addition, its core–shell structure allows loading of different drug molecules, and its surface chemistry can be manipulated by facile conjugation with ligands on the shell. The remarkable ability of RBCs membrane to fuse with membranes of other cells enables the formation of hybrid nanovesicles. In this review, we highlight the biomedical applications of such vesicles and discuss the potential challenges related to its clinical translation. Although nano‐RBCs retain much of the host's proteins, which may give an edge over synthetic nanoparticles in terms of lower immunogenicity, its production at industrial level is more challenging. This review gives the critical analysis of barriers involved in the translation of RBCs‐derived nanoparticles from preclinical to clinical level.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Zero-Waste: A New Sustainability Paradigm for Addressing the Global Waste Problem
Authors: Zaman Atiq 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a growing interest in addressing global waste problems by applying innovative ideas and philosophies such as zero-waste and circular economy. As a new sustainability paradigm, zero-waste challenges the common assumption of waste as a valueless and unavoidable by-product created at the end of the product’s life phase. Instead, it acknowledges that waste is a “misallocated resource” or “resource in transition”; produced during the intermediate phases of production and consumption activities. Waste should be recirculated to production and consumption processes. Therefore, zero waste means no “waste” would be wasted under the circular economy system. This chapter presents various examples of zero-waste practices derived from family, community, business, and city levels. In addition, zero-waste implementation strategies and actions are also discussed in the chapter. Despite its potential, the visionary zero-waste goals cannot be achieved without responsible global stewardship and active citizens’ role.
The Time Derivative
Authors: Seifert Christian , Trostorff Sascha , Waurick Marcus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is the aim of this chapter to define a derivative operator on a suitable L2-space, which will be used as the derivative with respect to the temporal variable in our applications. As we want to deal with Hilbert space-valued functions, we start by introducing the concept of Bochner–Lebesgue spaces, which generalises the classical scalar-valued Lp-spaces to the Banach space-valued case.