bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slight High-Frequency Hearing Loss, Effect of COVID-19 or Hydroxychloroquine Usage?
Authors: Rahimi Vida , Rouhbakhsh Nematollah , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan 
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives
Concerns about ototoxic and vestibulotoxic effects have been raised with the use of antiviruses in the treatment of COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and examine the auditory system and its associated auditory and vestibular symptoms in patients with COVID-19.

Study Design
Prospective study.

Patients
Thirty patients with a history of HCQ (HCQ+) and 30 patients without drug use (HCQ−), and 30 healthy adults as the control group participated.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Audiological assessments and evaluation of audio-vestibular symptoms. Evaluations were also repeated 1 month later.

Results
Both HCQ+ and HCQ− groups showed poor pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds and decreased transient evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes at high frequencies in comparison to the healthy group. Despite the lack of significant differences in PTA between the two groups of patients, the differences in transient evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes were significant. PTA thresholds and otoacoustic emission showed improvement after 1 month. Dizziness was the most common symptom that was reduced after 1 month.

Conclusion
Slight hearing loss was seen in patients with COVID-19 with or without HCQ. Also, hearing thresholds in the HCQ+ group did not show a significant difference compared with the HCQ− group. Nevertheless, it seems that more damage is done to the hair cells of patients with HCQ intake than in other patients. Hence, the ototoxicity effect of high doses of HCQ use in the COVID-19 patients should be considered. A relative improvement in the hearing was seen over time in both patient groups.
Image-Guided Cochlear Implant Programming: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Alex W. , Lee Katie F. , Noller Michael , Watson Nora , Pillion Elicia M. , Riley Charles A. , Tolisano Anthony M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To review studies evaluating clinically implemented image-guided cochlear implant programing (IGCIP) and to determine its effect on cochlear implant (CI) performance.

Data Sources
PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for English language publications from inception to August 1, 2021.

Study Selection
Included studies prospectively compared intraindividual CI performance between an image-guided experimental map and a patient's preferred traditional map. Non-English studies, cadaveric studies, and studies where imaging did not directly inform programming were excluded.

Data Extraction
Seven studies were identified for review, and five reported comparable components of audiological testing and follow-up times appropriate for meta-analysis. Demographic, speech, spectral modulation, pitch accuracy, and quality-of-life survey data were collected. Aggregate data were used when individual data were unavailable.

Data Synthesis
Audiological test outcomes were evaluated as standardized mean change (95% confidence interval) using random-effects meta-analysis with raw score standardization. Improvements in speech and quality-of-life measures using the IGCIP map demonstrated nominal effect sizes: consonant–nucleus–consonant words, 0.15 (−0.12 to 0.42); AzBio quiet, 0.09 (−0.05 to 0.22); AzBio +10 dB signal-noise ratio, 0.14 (−0.01 to 0.30); Bamford–Kowel–Bench sentence in noise, −0.11 (−0.35 to 0.12); Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, −0.14 (−0.28 to 0.00); and Speech Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale, 0.13 (−0.02 to 0.28). Nevertheless, 79% of patients allowed to keep their IGCIP map opted for continued use after the investigational period.

Conclusion
IGCIP has potential to precisely guide CI programming. Nominal effect sizes for objective outcome measures fail to reflect subjective benefits fully given discordance with the percentage of patients who prefer to maintain their IGCIP map.
Reassessing the Need for Preoperative Transfusions in Sickle Cell Disease Patients With an Elevated Baseline Hemoglobin—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yan Adam , Tole Soumitra , Bair Lissa , Wagner Amanda , Tang Ken , Kirby-Allen Melanie , Simpson Ewurabena , Williams Suzan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Current guidelines recommend a preoperative hemoglobin of 10.0 g/dL in patients with sickle cell disease [SCD], however, this threshold continues to be an area of controversy. Previous studies demonstrating the benefits of preoperative transfusions have largely not captured patients with elevated baseline hemoglobin, in part due to low hydroxyurea uptake and exclusion of nonhemoglobin SS SCD.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with SCD <18 years of age undergoing low and medium-risk procedures at 2 academic medical centers in Canada between 2007 and 2017. The primary objective was to study the association of preoperative transfusion on postoperative complications in patients with SCD with baseline hemoglobin between 9.0 and 10.0 g/dL. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of preoperative transfusion on the risk of developing postoperative complications.

Results:
In all, 159 procedures in patients with hemoglobin <9.0 g/dL [Hb<9.0] and 173 procedures in patients with hemoglobin between 9.0 and 10.0 g/dL [Hb9.0-10.0] were analyzed. In the absence of preoperative transfusion, Hb9.0-10.0 patients had lower overall complications [23% vs. 34%] compared with Hb<9.0 patients [OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.72, P=0.008]. In total, 75% of Hb<9.0 and 21% of Hb9.0-10.0 patients received a preoperative simple transfusion. Transfusion was associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in Hb9.0-10.0 [OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.26-7.23, P=0.013], but not Hb<9.0 patients [OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.28-1.45, P=0.30].

Conclusions:
Simple transfusion may not be warranted in Hb9.0-10.0 patients undergoing low-risk procedures. Prospective studies validating these findings are needed.
Factors Associated With Fertility Preservation in a Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Population
Authors: Sax Megan R. , Pettengill Grace , Hasija Abhinav , Ferrara Brycen , Frias Olivia , Riazzi Abbey , Spitznagel Elizabeth , Burns Karen , Strine Andrew C. , Rios Julie Sroga 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To determine the patient characteristics associated with pursuing fertility preservation (FP) before gonadotoxic therapy in a pediatric, adolescent and young adult patient population.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of patient data at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Demographics, clinical diagnoses, and treatment characteristics were compared between participants that selected FP versus those that declined. Variables were analyzed separately for males and females by logistic regression.

Results:
Patients with a hematologic cancer were less likely to be eligible for preservation: 53.9% of ineligible males, P<0.001, and 51.8% of ineligible females, P<0.0001. Among patients who were candidates for FP, those receiving high-risk therapy were more likely to elect for FP (65.3% males, P<0.0001, and 87.5% of females, P<0.0001). Pubertal males were more likely to undergo preservation than prepubertal males (70.5% vs. 29.5%, P<0.0001; however, this trend was not demonstrated among female patients. In both males and females, race, ethnicity, religion, primary language, and insurance status were not shown to be statistically significant factors in predicting utilization of FP.

Conclusion:
Risk of infertility, type of cancer, and developmental status influenced decisions on pursuing FP in pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients facing iatrogenic infertility.
Investigating the Impact of Moringa oleifera Supplemented to Kenyan Breastfeeding Mothers on Maternal and Infant Health: A Cluster Randomized Single-Blinded Controlled Pilot Trial Protocol
Authors: Mogaka Jerusha Nyabiage , Owuor Patrick Mbullo , Odhiambo Silvia , Waterman Carrie , McGuire Michelle K. , Fuchs George J. , Attia Suzanna L. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Undernutrition contributes to up to 45% of deaths globally in children <5 years, with an optimal time for intervention before 24 months of age. Breastmilk microbiome helps establish the infant intestinal microbiome and impacts infant intestinal and nutritional health. Inadequacies in breastmilk composition such as low vitamin A contribute to infant nutrient deficiencies. Changes in milk fatty acid composition (reduced saturated and increased unsaturated fatty acids) may reduce susceptibility to enteric infection and increase protective intestinal bacteria. Moringa oleifera leaves (moringa) provide high nutrient concentrations (including protein, iron, vitamin A) and increase milk production; this may enhance breastmilk quantity and quality and improve infant health.

Objective:
To investigate the role of moringa supplementation to improve maternal and infant nutritional and intestinal health via changes in maternal milk quantity and quality.

Methods:
Fifty mother-infant pairs exclusively breastfeeding will be enrolled in a single-blinded randomized controlled trial in Kombewa County Hospital and Chulaimbo SubCounty Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya.

Intervention:
Dietary Supplementation of 20 g of Moringa oleifera leaf powder divided twice daily in corn porridge consumed daily for 3 months while control comparator will receive porridge daily for 3 months.

Outcomes:
Change in infant growth and maternal milk output (primary); maternal and infant vitamin A and iron status, changes in infant and maternal intestinal health (secondary).

Participating Centers:
Pamoja Community Based Organization, Kombewa Sub-County Hospital, and Chulaimbo Sub-County Hospital.
Hyperparathyroidism Caused by Coexisting Parathyroid Hyperplasia and Unilateral Bifocal Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Jian-Min , Guan Mei-Chao , Xie Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The coexistence of parathyroid hyperplasia and carcinoma is uncommon. Here we report findings of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT study in a case of unilateral bifocal parathyroid carcinoma coexisting with parathyroid hyperplasia in a 49-year-old man. The images showed 4 foci of elevated activity around the thyroid. Histopathology confirmed the 2 lesions of the left side as parathyroid hyperplasia and the other 2 lesions of the right side as parathyroid carcinoma.
Night Radiology Coverage for Trauma: Residents, Teleradiology, or Both?
Authors: Yeates Eric O , Grigorian Areg , Chinn Justine , Young Hayley , Colin Escobar Jessica , Glavis-Bloom Justin , Anavim Arash , Yaghmai Vahid , Nguyen Ninh T , Nahmias Jeffry ,   for the UCI Trauma Radiology Study Group
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:Overnight radiology coverage for trauma patients is often addressed with a combination of on-call radiology residents (RR) and a teleradiology service; however, the accuracy of these 2 readers has not been studied for trauma. We aimed to compare the accuracy of RR versus teleradiologist interpretations of CT scans for trauma patients.STUDY DESIGN:A retrospective analysis (March 2019 through May 2020) of trauma patients presenting to a single American College of Surgeons Level I trauma center was performed. Patients whose CT scans were performed between 10pmto 8amwere included, because their scans were interpreted by both a RR and teleradiologist. Interpretations were compared with the final attending faculty radiologist’s interpretation and graded for accuracy based on the RADPEER scoring system. Discrepancies were characterized as traumatic injury or incidental findings and missed findings or overcalls. Turnaround time was also compared.RESULTS:A total of 1,053 patients and 8,226 interpretations were included. Compared with teleradiologists, RR had a lower discrepancy (7.7% vs 9.0%, p = 0.026) and major discrepancy rate (3.8% vs 5.2%, p = 0.003). Among major discrepancies, RR had a lower rate of traumatic injury discrepancies (3.2% vs 4.4%, p = 0.004) and missed findings (3.4% vs 5.1%, p < 0.001), but a higher rate of overcalls (0.5% vs 0.1%, p < 0.001) compared with teleradiologists. The mean turnaround time was shorter for RR (51.3 vs 78.8 minutes, p < 0.001). The combination of both RR and teleradiologist interpretations had a lower overall discrepancy rate than RR (5.0% vs 7.7%, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:This study identified lower discrepancy rates and a faster turnaround time by RR compared with teleradiologists for trauma CT studies. The combination of both interpreters had an even lower discrepancy rate, suggesting this combination is optimal when an in-house attending radiologist is not available.
Long-term Results of Combined Trabeculotomy-Trabeculectomy in Primary Congenital Glaucoma from a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Tunisia
Authors: Malek Ines , Sayadi Jihene , Choura Racem , Mekni Manel , Rayhane Haythem , Khairallah Moncef , Nacef Leila 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo report the long-term visual and surgical outcomes of combined trabeculotomy–trabeculectomy (CTT) as the initial glaucoma surgery in children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).MethodsProspective analysis of children who underwent primary CTT for PCG between January 2010 and December 2019. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, corneal clarity, success rate, complications, refractive errors and visual acuities (VA).ResultsA total of 98 eyes of 62 patients were enrolled. At last follow-up, mean IOP reduced from 22.68±3.99 mmHg to 9.75±3.88 mmHg (P<0.0001). Complete success rate was 91.6%, 88.4%, 84.7%, 71.6%, 59.7%, and 54.3%, respectively at first, second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth year. Follow-up averaged 42.06±28.36 months. Preoperatively, 72 eyes (73.5%) had significant corneal haze, 84.7% among them achieved normal corneal transparency. Among the sight-threatening complications, endophthalmitis was encountered in one eye. Myopia was the most common refractive error (80.6%). Data on Snellen VA were available for 53.2% of the patients. 33.3% of patients achieved normal VA (VA ≥ 6/12), 21.2% had mild visual impairment (VI), 9.1% had moderate VI, 21.2% had severe VI, and 15.2% were blind. The failure rate was statistically correlated to the early disease onset (<3 months) and to preoperative corneal clouding (p=0.022 and p=0.037, respectively). Two critical time points were identified: within the first year and around the sixth year (28.6 and 25% of surgical failures, respectively).ConclusionPrimary CTT seems to be an optimal procedure in a population with advanced disease at presentation, problematic follow-ups, and limited resources.Summary boxWhat is already known on this topicPrimary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is the most common type of childhood glaucoma. Surgery is the main therapeutic option with the goal of permanently controlling IOP and preserving visual function. Several surgical procedures are available. Each approach has its potential benefits and risks. The optimum first-line surgery is debated.What this study adds?PCG in Tunisian children seems to be characterized by a high prevalence of inherited and advanced form of the disease.Challenges in the management of PCG in Tunisia include remoteness of care facilities and poor compliance to follow-up.Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy allowed in the current study satisfactory long-term IOP control and reasonable visual outcome. The overall incidence of serious complications was low.How this study might affect research, practice or policyCTT may be the optimal primary surgical procedure for the management of PCG in Tunisia and all other developing countries. Future research with a larger sample size and preferably randomized clinical trials that focus exclusively on the severe presentation of the disease are required.
Direct utility of natural history data in analysis of clinical trials: Propensity match-based analysis of Omaveloxolone in Friedreich ataxia using the FA-COMS dataset
Authors: Lynch David R , Goldsberry Angie , Rummey Christian , Farmer Jennifer , Boesch Sylvia , Delatycki Martin B. , Giunti Paola , Hoyle J. Chad , Mariotti Caterina , Mathews Katherine D. , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Perlman Susan , Subramony S.H. , Wilmot George , Zesiewicz Theresa , Weissfeld Lisa , Meyer Colin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRationaleThe natural history of Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) is being investigated in a multi-center longitudinal study designated the Friedreich Ataxia Clinical Outcome Measures Study (FA-COMS). To understand the utility of this natural history dataset in analysis of clinical trials, we performed a propensity-matched comparison of the data from the open-label MOXIe Extension (omaveloxolone) with that from FA-COMS.MethodsAll MOXIe Extension patients who had at least one post-baseline assessment were matched to FA-COMS patients using logistic regression to estimate propensity scores based on multiple covariates: sex, baseline age, age of onset, baseline modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating scale (mFARS) score, and baseline gait score. Selection of covariates was based on clinical relevance (i.e., factors considered prognostic for disease progression) and availability. The change from baseline in mFARS at Year 3 for the MOXIe Extension patients compared to the matched FA-COMS patients was analyzed as the primary efficacy endpoint using mixed model repeated measures analysis.ResultsData from the MOXIe Extension show that omaveloxolone provides persistent benefit over three years when compared to an untreated, rigorously matched cohort from FA-COMS. At each year, and in all analysis populations, patients in the MOXIe Extension experienced a smaller change from baseline in mFARS score than the matched FA-COMS patients. In the Primary Pooled Population (136 patients in each group) by Year 3, patients in the FA-COMS matched set progressed 6.6 points whereas patients treated with omaveloxolone in MOXIe Extension progressed 3 points (difference =-3.6; nominal p value =0.0001). Thus, progression in mFARS was slowed by 55% with omaveloxolone treatment.ConclusionsThese results suggest a clinically meaningful slowing of FRDA progression with omaveloxolone, and consequently details how propensity-matched analysis contributes to the understanding of the effects of therapeutic agents. This demonstrates the direct value of natural history studies in the evaluation of clinical trials.
Scalable variational inference for low-rank spatio-temporal receptive fields
Authors: Duncker Lea , Ruda Kiersten M. , Field Greg D. , Pillow Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn important problem in systems neuroscience is to characterize how a neuron integrates sensory inputs across space and time. The linear receptive field provides a mathematical characterization of this weighting function, and is commonly used to quantify neural response properties and classify cell types. However, estimating receptive fields is difficult in settings with limited data and correlated or high-dimensional stimuli. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a hierarchical model designed to flexibly parameterize low-rank receptive fields. The model includes Gaussian process priors over spatial and temporal components of the receptive field, encouraging smoothness in space and time. We also propose a new temporal prior called temporal relevance determination (TRD), which imposes a variable degree of smoothness as a function of time lag. We derive a scalable algorithm for variational Bayesian inference for both spatial and temporal receptive field components and hyperparameters. The resulting estimator scales to high-dimensional settings in which full-rank maximum likelihood or a posteriori estimates are intractable. We evaluate our approach on neural data from rat retina and primate cortex, and show that it substantially out-performs a variety of existing estimators. Our modeling approach will have useful extensions to a variety of other high-dimensional inference problems with smooth or low-rank structure.
Context-independent scaling of neural responses to task difficulty in the multiple-demand network
Authors: Wen Tanya , Egner Tobias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe multiple-demand (MD) network is sensitive to many aspects of cognitive demand, showing increased activation with more difficult tasks. However, it is currently unknown whether the MD network is modulated by the context in which task difficulty is experienced. Using fMRI, we examined MD network responses to low, medium, and high difficulty arithmetic problems within two cued contexts, an easy versus a hard set. The results showed that MD activity varied reliably with the absolute difficulty of a problem, independent of the context in which the problem was presented. Similarly, MD activity during task execution was independent of the difficulty of the previous trial. Representational similarity analysis further supported that representational distances in the MD network were consistent with a context-independent code. Finally, we identified several regions outside the MD network that showed context-dependent coding, including the inferior parietal lobule, paracentral lobule, posterior insula, and large areas of the visual cortex. In sum, cognitive effort is processed by the MD network in a context-independent manner. We suggest that this absolute coding of cognitive demand in the MD network reflects the limited range of task difficulty that can be supported by the cognitive apparatus.
Multiplex PCR Assay for Clade-typing Salmonella Enteritidis
Authors: Gallichan Sarah , Perez-Sepulveda Blanca M. , Feasey Nicholas A. , Hinton Jay C. D. , Thomas Juno , Smith Anthony Marius 
Published: August 2022

2.AbstractSalmonella Enteritidis is one of the most commonly reported serovars of non-typhoidal Salmonella causing human disease and is responsible for both gastroenteritis and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease worldwide. Whole-genome sequence (WGS) comparison of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from across the world have identified three distinct clades, named Global Epidemic, Central/East African and West African, all of which have been implicated in epidemics: the Global Epidemic clade was linked to poultry-associated gastroenteritis, while the two African clades were related to iNTS disease. However, the distribution and epidemiology of these clades across Africa is poorly understood because identification of these clades currently requires whole genome sequencing capacity. Here, we report a sensitive, time- and cost-effective real-time PCR assay capable of differentiating between the Salmonella Enteritidis clades to facilitate surveillance and to inform public health responses.3.Impact statementChallenges in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) bloodstream infections in sub–Saharan Africa are responsible for a case fatality rate of approximately 15% (12). It is important to identify distinct clades of S. Enteritidis in diagnostic laboratories in the African setting to determine whether particular outbreaks are associated with different health outcomes. Here, we have described the development of a high-quality molecular classification assay for the clade-typing of S. Enteritidis that is ideal for use in public health laboratories in resource-limited settings.