bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Ethnocentrism through Multiculturalism and Social Learning in Multicultural Societies
Authors: Tagle Arturo 
Published: January 2022

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own culture is centrally important and is superior to other cultures, and influences how people would communicate with others from different cultural backgrounds in a multicultural society. This study describes the perceptions of criminology faculty and students towards reducing ethnocentrism through multiculturalism and social learning. This quantitative descriptive research determined the perceptions of 50 purposively selected faculty member and 125 criminology students from selected universities in Metro Manila towards reducing ethnocentrism through multiculturalism and social learning. The researcher-developed questionnaire was administered online using Google Form. Data privacy and confidentiality were considered during the conduct of the entire study. Data were analysed using frequency and percentage distribution, mean, and rank. The majority of the respondents belong to the age group of 20 and younger. The respondents were dominated by males, and were singles. The majority of student respondents were in the first year. The majority of faculty respondents have master’s degree and 1- 10 years of teaching experience, and were regular/permanent employees. In terms of monthly gross income, 25 or 50% of faculty respondents earn P 30,000- 39,999.00. The majority of the faculty and criminology students believed that ethnocentrism can be reduced through multiculturalism and social learning, such that, social learning can be activated through self-awareness to tolerating differences to appreciating the benefits of differences. As gleaned from the study, ethnocentrism can be reduced by modeling an open-minded and accepting organizational climate amidst cultural diversity and complimenting social learning in developing social intelligence, promoting mutual respect, and active listening that leads to intercultural collaboration in this culturally diverse police force and societies.
Study on Human Rights Principles in The Medina Charter and its Implementation In Indonesia
Authors: Ridwan Muannif , Umar Hasbi , Harun Hermanto 
Published: January 2022

The principles of Human Rights are the goals of Islamic shari'a or maqashid al-shari'ah (the philosophy of Islamic law) which has been formulated by al-Ghazali and perfected by as-Syatibi. These principles are summarized in al-dlaruriyah al-khamsah or also called al-huquq al-insaniyah fi al-Islam (human rights in Islam). This concept consists of five basic principles that must be maintained and respected by every individual; Hifzhu al-Din (respect for religious freedom), Hifzhu al-Mal (respect for property), Hifzhu al-Nafs wa al-'Irdl (respect for life, right to life and individual honor), Hifzhu al-'Aql (respect for freedom of thought), and Hifzhu al-Nasl (respect for keeping offspring).This research is examined using a juridical-normative and socio-legal and historical approach. The principles of human rights in the Medina Charter consist of: the principles of justice, equality, freedom of religion, piety, and commanding good and evil. Iimplementation of human rights values ​​in The Medina Charter in Indonesia, the author summarizes it into three areas of life; religion, nation and state consisting of:the field of religious harmony, the field of law and constitution enforcement and the field of socio-political life and the development of the political system. Among the authors' findings, the Medina Charter contains ideas that have strong relevance to the developments and desires of today's world community, especially for Indonesia. The ideas in the Medina Constitution were also absorbed by the founding figures of the Indonesian nation, which can be seen in the Jakarta Charter which later gave birth to Pancasila. The contents of the Medina Charter and Pancasila have in common as a sentence of sawa' (meeting point) diversity or a noble agreement that is constructive, loves, and defends Indonesia, as well as the Medina Charter.
Ismael e Isaque irmanados: os judeus nos romances de Milton Hatoum
Authors: Silva Alessandra F. Conde da 
Published: January 2022

Judeus e árabes na Amazônia vivem pacificamente? Em três romances de Milton Hatoum, Relato de um certo Oriente (1989), Dois irmãos (2000), Órfãos do Eldorado (2008), personagens judeus e árabes convivem harmoniosamente, sem dar sinais de conflitos e querelas, cuja incidência remonta aos tempos bíblicos. Nesse sentido, metaforicamente, Ismael e Isaque vivem bem, festejando a sua estrangeiridade na acolhedora e quente Manaus. Ainda que não sejam protagonistas nos romances, a presença dos judeus marroquinos é contígua à história imigratória dos personagens sírio-libaneses, desbravadores, assim como os judeus, dos rios e da floresta amazônica. Este artigo estuda a presença judaica e árabe na obra de Milton Hatoum a partir das reflexões de Samuel Benchimol, Regina Igel, Márcio Souza.
Extremity Dysfunction After Large‐Bore Radial and Femoral Arterial Access
Authors: Meijers Thomas A. , Aminian Adel , van Wely Marleen , Teeuwen Koen , Schmitz Thomas , Dirksen Maurits T. , Rathore Sudhir , van der Schaaf René J. , Knaapen Paul , Dens Joseph , Iglesias Juan F. , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Roolvink Vincent , Lemmert Miguel E. , Hermanides Renicus S. , van Royen Niels , van Leeuwen Maarten A. H. 
Published: January 2022

Background
The use of large‐bore (LB) arterial access and guiding catheters has been advocated for complex percutaneous coronary intervention. However, the impact of LB transradial access (TRA) and transfemoral access (TFA) on extremity dysfunction is currently unknown.

Methods and Results

The predefined substudy of the COLOR (Complex Large‐Bore Radial PCI) trial aimed to assess upper and lower‐extremity dysfunction after LB radial and femoral access. Upper‐extremity function was assessed in LB TRA‐treated patients by the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and lower‐extremity function in LB TFA‐treated patients by the Lower Extremity Functional Scale questionnaire. Extremity pain and effect of access site complications and risk factors on extremity dysfunction was also analyzed. There were 343 patients who completed analyzable questionnaires. Overall, upper and lower‐extremity function did not decrease over time when LB TRA and TFA were used for complex percutaneous coronary intervention, as represented by the median Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (6.8 at baseline and 2.1 at follow‐up, higher is worse) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale score (56 at baseline and 58 at follow‐up, lower is worse). Clinically relevant extremity dysfunction occurred in 6% after TRA and 9% after TFA. A trend for more pronounced upper‐limb dysfunction was present in female patients after LB TRA (
P
=0.05). Lower‐extremity pain at discharge was significantly higher in patients with femoral access site complications (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions
Following LB TRA and TFA, self‐reported upper and lower‐limb function did not decrease over time in the majority of patients. Clinically relevant limb dysfunction occurs in a small minority of patients regardless of radial or femoral access.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03846752.
Archetype, Psyche, World
Authors: Mills Jon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In our dialogues over the nature of archetypes, essence, psyche, and world, I further respond to Erik Goodwyn’s recent foray into establishing an ontological position that not only answers to the mind-body problem, but further locates the source of Psyche on a cosmic plane. His impressive attempt to launch a neo-Jungian metaphysics is based on the principle of cosmic panpsychism that bridges both the internal parameters of archetypal process and their emergence in consciousness and the external world conditioned by a psychic universe. Here I explore the ontology of experience, mind, matter, metaphysical realism, and critique Goodwyn’s turn to Neoplatonism. The result is a potentially compatible theory of mind and reality that grounds archetypal theory in onto-phenomenology, metaphysics, and bioscience, hence facilitating new directions in analytical psychology.
Patronage, Politics, and Devotion: The Habsburgs of Central Europe and Jesuit Saints
Authors: Ducreux Marie-Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main components of the Habsburgs’ dynastical piety—worship of the Crucified, of the Eucharist, of the Blessed Mary and her spouse St. Joseph—are already well-known. They were common to both branches of the House of Austria, the Spanish as well as the Austrian one. However, they are far from exhausting the variety of manifestations with which they fostered the cult of the saints. More than other sovereigns, Austrian Habsburgs intervened on behalf of patron saints with the popes and the Roman Congregation of Sacred Rites. During the seventeenth century and still in the eighteenth century, they promulgated public feasts in the Austrian hereditary lands as well as in the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia. This paper focuses mainly on the veneration they addressed to the Jesuit saints: Ignatius of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Luigi Gonzaga, Stanisław Kostka, and Peter Canisius using archive and printed materials from Rome, Vienna, Prague, and Budapest.
The Response of the Polar Vortex to Tropospheric Temperature Eddies in an Idealized General Circulation Model
Authors: Ehrmann Thomas S. , Colucci Stephen J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A dry-core idealized general circulation model with a stratospheric polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere is run with a combination of simplified topography and imposed tropospheric temperature perturbations, each located in the Northern Hemisphere with a zonal wavenumber of 1. The phase difference between the imposed temperature wave and the topography is varied to understand what effect this has on the occurrence of polar vortex displacements. Geometric moments are used to identify the centroid of the polar vortex for the purposes of classifying whether or not the polar vortex is displaced. Displacements of the polar vortex are a response to increased tropospheric wave activity. Compared to a model run with only topography, the likelihood of the polar vortex being displaced increases when the warm region is located west of the topography peak, and decreases when the cold region is west of the topography peak. This response from the polar vortex is due to the modulation of vertically propagating wave activity by the temperature forcing. When the southerly winds on the western side of the topographically forced anticyclone are collocated with warm- or cold-temperature forcing, the vertical wave activity flux in the troposphere becomes more positive or negative, respectively. This is in line with recent reanalysis studies that showed that anomalous warming west of the surface pressure high, in the climatological standing wave, precedes polar vortex disturbances.
The Physics of Heat Waves: What Causes Extremely High Summertime Temperatures?
Authors: Zeppetello Lucas R. Vargas , Battisti David S. , Baker Marcia B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We analyze observations and develop a hierarchy of models to understand heat waves—long-lived, high temperature anomalies—and extremely high daily temperatures during summertime in the continental extratropics. Throughout the extratropics, the number of extremely hot days found in the three hottest months is much greater than expected from a random, single-process model. Furthermore, in many locations the temperature skewness switches from negative on daily time scales to positive on monthly time scales (or shifts from positive on daily time scales to higher positive values on monthly time scales) in ways that cannot be explained by averaging alone. These observations motivate a hierarchy of models of the surface energy and moisture budgets that we use to illuminate the physics responsible for daily and monthly averaged temperature variability. Shortwave radiation fluctuations drive much of the variance and the negative skewness found in daily temperature observations. On longer time scales, precipitation-induced soil moisture anomalies are important for temperature variability and account for the shift toward positive skewness in monthly averaged temperature. Our results demonstrate that long-lived heat waves are due to (i) the residence time of soil moisture anomalies and (ii) a nonlinear feedback between temperature and evapotranspiration via the impact of temperature on vapor pressure deficit. For most climates, these two processes give rise to infrequent, long-lived heat waves in response to randomly distributed precipitation forcing. Combined with our results concerning high-frequency variability, extremely hot days are seen to be state-independent filigree driven by shortwave variability acting on top of longer-lived, moisture-driven heat waves.
Collecting Data During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From an In-Person Survey of People Who Use Opioids
Authors: Jessell Lauren , Zaidi Izza , Dominguez-Gomez Leonardo , Harocopos Alex 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, much in-person data collection has been suspended or become tele-remote. However, tele-remote methods often exclude marginalized groups, including people who use drugs, many of whom lack the technology to participate. To inform future surveillance and research during the pandemic and other public health disasters, we report methods and lessons learned from an in-person survey of people who use opioids conducted by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This public health surveillance was a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Overdose Data to Action initiative and aimed to inform overdose prevention efforts. Survey domains inquired about participants’ drug use patterns, risk behaviors, overdose history, and service use. Results: From June 16 through September 9, 2020, DOHMH staff members conducted 329 surveys with participants from 4 syringe service programs (n = 148, 44.9%) and via street intercept (n = 81, 55.1%). To survey participants safely and effectively, it was important to build rapport upfront so that requests to maintain distance were not perceived as stigmatizing. DOHMH staff members offered all participants, regardless of survey eligibility, Narcan and hygiene products, including face masks and soap. Practice Implications: Surveys administered outdoors during the COVID-19 pandemic should be limited to 30 minutes. Although conducting in-person surveys poses unique challenges, this method should be considered so marginalized populations are included in data collection and public health responses.
COVID-19 Testing Among US Children, Parental Preferences for Testing Venues, and Acceptability of School-Based Testing
Authors: Teasdale Chloe A. , Borrell Luisa N. , Shen Yanhan , Kimball Spencer , Rinke Michael L. , Rane Madhura S. , Kulkarni Sarah , Fleary Sasha A. , Nash Denis 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Testing remains critical for identifying pediatric cases of COVID-19 and as a public health intervention to contain infections. We surveyed US parents to measure the proportion of children tested for COVID-19 since the start of the pandemic, preferred testing venues for children, and acceptability of school-based COVID-19 testing. Methods: We conducted an online survey of 2074 US parents of children aged ≤12 years in March 2021. We applied survey weights to generate national estimates, and we used Rao–Scott adjusted Pearson χ2 tests to compare incidence by selected sociodemographic characteristics. We used Poisson regression models with robust SEs to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of pediatric testing. Results: Among US parents, 35.9% reported their youngest child had ever been tested for COVID-19. Parents who were female versus male (aRR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.79), Asian versus non-Hispanic White (aRR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87), and from the Midwest versus the Northeast (aRR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.91) were less likely to report testing of a child. Children who had health insurance versus no health insurance (aRR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05-1.81), were attending in-person school/daycare versus not attending (aRR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.43-1.95), and were from households with annual household income ≥$100 000 versus income <$50 000-$99 999 (aRR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.40) were more likely to have tested for COVID-19. Half of parents (52.7%) reported the pediatrician’s office as the most preferred testing venue, and 50.6% said they would allow their youngest child to be tested for COVID-19 at school/daycare if required. Conclusions: Greater efforts are needed to ensure access to COVID-19 testing for US children, including those without health insurance.
Mental health comorbidity and youth onset type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: McVoy Molly , Hardin Heather , Fulchiero Erin , Caforio Kate , Briggs Farren , Neudecker Mandy , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: January 2022

Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a burgeoning epidemic in children and adolescents. Adult T2D doubles the risk of depression and mental health comorbidity, makes it more difficult to make the lifestyle, medication adherence and health behavior changes needed to optimize outcomes. There is limited research on the impact of depression and depressive symptoms on youth T2D. Methods A search of the literature in the last 10 years regarding youth with depression and T2D was conducted. Abstracts were screened by 2 randomly assigned authors for inclusion, and disagreement was resolved by a third author. Selected full-text articles were divided among all authors for review. Results 13 publications from 8 studies (N=2244, age 6–17) were included. 6 of 13 publications utilized Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Youth (TODAY) study data. While studies included evaluation of depressive symptoms, most did not formally assess for major depressive disorder (MDD) and excluded participants with a previous diagnosis of MDD. Depressive symptoms were common in this population and were associated with negative T2D outcomes. Conclusions While there is a growing body of adult literature highlighting the extensive relationship between T2D and mental health, there is a dearth of data in youth. Future studies are needed that include, 1.) youth with diagnosed MDD, 2.) treatment studies of both T2D and MDD, 3.) larger, more racially diverse samples of youth with T2D, and 4.) studies that evaluate the impact of social determinants of health, including mental health comorbidity on outcomes of T2D.
Protection or Restriction: An Analysis of the Blind Massage Policy for Employment Rights of Persons With Visual Impairments in China
Authors: Li Xue Hui , Xu Su Qiong , Hu Luan Jiao 
Published: January 2022

Introduction The United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities identified the Chinese blind massage policy as “reserved employment” in its Concluding Observations in 2012. In response, this paper reviewed the policy on blind massage in China and discussed its effectiveness and social impact. Methods: Adopting a historical perspective, this paper describes the development stages of the blind massage policy in China. It reveals the social construction process of the blind massage policy. Government data were provided to help analyze the positive and negative effects of the policy according to the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Results: The blind massage policy is a national strategy involving semi-reserved employment to improve the low employment rate of people with visual impairments in China. It promoted employment of people with visual impairments at the start, but, as the system of the blind massage gradually took shape, it restricted these individuals from choosing a career freely. The blind massage policy has resulted in deep-rooted social prejudices, and it demonstrates disability-based discrimination and charity-oriented practices. Discussion: The Chinese blind massage policy is discriminatory and does not reflect the modern concept of disability rights advocated in the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Implications for Practitioners: The Chinese government needs to promote institutional reforms to provide better education and employment for people with visual impairments to change the limited content of vocational training and eliminate discriminatory policies.
Pediatric orbital cellulitis: Case report of an unusual etiology and pathogen
Authors: Chew Wen Chao Daniel , Kwek James Wei Ming , Anicete Rosslyn , Low Mei-yi 
Published: January 2022

Orbital cellulitis is an uncommon condition with risks to sight and life. As a complication of maxillofacial injuries, the literature suggests this is only possible with fractures or direct inoculation, and there are no reports to the contrary. Here, we make the first report of a possible etiology by which orbital cellulitis developed in a 14-year-old boy even without skin breach or bony fractures; as well as a rare causative pathogen. He presented with facial abscess and progressive orbital cellulitis after blunt facial trauma, requiring functional endoscopic sinus surgery with needle aspiration of facial abscess externally. Cultures showed growth of Streptococcus constellatus/Parvimonas micra, and he received further antibiotics with full recovery. The pathophysiology of orbital cellulitis in this patient is attributed to vascular congestion and local pressure from maxillofacial contusion and maxillary hemoantrum, with impaired paranasal sinus ventilation encouraging anaerobic bacterial growth. Further progression led to facial abscess formation and intraorbital spread with orbital cellulitis. The pediatric demographic is injury-prone, and self-reporting of symptoms can be delayed. Hence, increased suspicion of complicated injuries and orbital cellulitis may be required when managing maxillofacial contusions so that prompt treatment can be given.
Management of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis, a Severe Complication of Deep Neck Infection, Based on Multidisciplinary Approaches and Departmental Co-Ordination
Authors: Ho Chia-Ying , Chin Shy-Chyi , Chen Shih-Lung 
Published: January 2022

Objectives Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) developing after deep neck infection (DNI) is a potentially lethal disease of the mediastinum with a mortality rate as high as 40% prior to the 1990s. No standard treatment protocol is available. Here, we present the outcomes of our multidisciplinary approaches for treating DNM originating from a DNI. Methods Between June 2016 and July 2021, there were 390 patients with DNIs admitting to our tertiary hospital. A total 21 patients with DNIs complicated with DNM were enrolled. The multidisciplinary approaches included establishment of airway security, appropriate surgery and antibiotics, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and intensive care unit management. The clinical variables were analyzed. Results Two patients died and 19 survived (mortality 9.5%). The patients who died had a higher mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level than did those who survived (420.0 ± 110.3 vs 221.8 ± 100.6 mg/L) (P = .038). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus anginosus. From 2001 to 2021, the average mortality rate of studies enrolling more than 10 patients was 16.1%. Conclusion Multidisciplinary approaches, early comprehensive medical treatment, and co-ordination among departments significantly reduce mortality. Patients with severe inflammation and high CRP levels require intensive and aggressive interventions.