bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nailfold capillaroscopy in SSc: innocent bystander or promising biomarker for novel severe organ involvement/progression?
Authors: Vanhaecke Amber , Cutolo Maurizio , Distler Oliver , Riccieri Valeria , Allanore Yannick  , Denton Christopher P , Hachulla Eric , Ingegnoli Francesca , Deschepper Ellen  , Avouac Jérôme , Jordan Suzana , Launay David , Melsens Karin , Pizzorni Carmen , Sulli Alberto , Vasile Massimiliano , Herrick Ariane L , Smith Vanessa  
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) plays a well-established role in differentiating primary from secondary RP due to SSc. However, the association of NVC with novel severe organ involvement/progression in SSc has never been evaluated in a multicentre, multinational study, which we now perform for the first time.

Methods
Follow-up data from 334 SSc patients [265 women; 18 limited SSc (lSSc)/203 lcSSc/113 dcSSc] registered between November 2008 and January 2016 by seven tertiary centres in the EUSTAR-database, were analysed. Novel severe organ involvement/progression was defined as new/progressive involvement of the peripheral vasculature, lungs, heart, skin, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, musculoskeletal system, or death, at the 12- or 24-month follow-up. NVC images at enrolment were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated according to the standardized definitions of the EULAR Study Group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression modelling (ULR, MLR) was performed.

Results
Of the 334 included SSc patients, 257 (76.9%) developed novel overall severe organ involvement/progression. Following MLR, normal capillary density was associated with less-frequent novel overall severe organ involvement/progression [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, P &lt; 0.001] and novel peripheral vascular involvement (OR = 0.79, P = 0.043); microhaemorrhages were associated with less novel pulmonary hypertension (OR = 0.47, P = 0.029); and a ‘severe’ (active/late) NVC pattern was associated with novel overall severe organ involvement/progression (OR = 2.14, P = 0.002) and skin progression (OR = 1.70, P = 0.049).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that NVC may be a promising biomarker in SSc, certainly warranting further investigation. Despite the participation of tertiary centres, which follow their patients in a standardized way, we were underpowered to detect associations with infrequent severe organ involvement/progression.
Comparison of Acute Followed by Maintenance ECT vs Clozapine on Psychopathology and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mishra Biswa Ranjan , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Biswas Tathagata , Mohapatra Debadatta , Nath Santanu , Maiti Rituparna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisIn treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), Clozapine is only approved treatment with undesirable side-effects, warranting better alternatives. Our hypothesis is acute followed by maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy (M-ECT) will be comparable in efficacy and safety to Clozapine in TRS.Study DesignIn this open-label trial, 60 TRS patients were randomized equally to M-ECT (following an acute-course) or Clozapine. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Schizophrenia Scale (CGI-SCH), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Global assessment of functioning (GAF) were measured and compared within and between the groups at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. SPECT-CT brain was done at baseline and 24 weeks to compare the changes in regional cerebral perfusion between the groups and correlate with the changes in the outcome-measures.Study ResultsThe PANSS-T scores changes from baseline over the observation-points were significant in both M-ECT and clozapine groups (P &lt; .001), with comparatively better reduction with M-ECT (P &lt; .001). Similar trends were observed in PANSS subscales, CGI-SCH and GAF in both groups, with significantly better improvement with M-ECT over the study-period. After 24 weeks, there was significantly better perfusion with M-ECT in bilateral prefrontal and temporal cortices (P &lt; .05). With M-ECT, a positive correlation was found between changes in PANSS-P scores and left-lateral Temporal cortical perfusion (r = .465, P = .017).ConclusionsAcute followed by M-ECT was more effective than clozapine over 6 months in reducing the positive and negative symptoms, general psychopathology, illness-severity, and improving the global functionality in TRS [clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03807882].
Lucid dreaming occurs in activated rapid eye movement sleep, not a mixture of sleep and wakefulness
Authors: Baird Benjamin , Tononi Giulio , LaBerge Stephen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
(1) To critically test whether a previously reported increase in frontolateral 40 Hz power in lucid REM sleep, used to justify the claim that lucid dreaming is a “hybrid state” mixing sleep and wakefulness, is attributable to the saccadic spike potential (SP) artifact as a corollary of heightened REM density. (2) To replicate the finding that lucid dreams are associated with physiological activation, including heightened eye movement density, during REM sleep. (3) To conduct an exploratory analysis of changes in EEG features during lucid REM sleep

Methods
We analyzed 14 signal-verified lucid dreams (SVLDs) and baseline REM sleep segments from the same REM periods from six participants derived from the Stanford SVLD database. Participants marked lucidity onset with standard left-right-left-right-center (LR2c) eye-movement signals in polysomnography recordings.

Results
Compared to baseline REM sleep, lucid REM sleep had higher REM density (β = 0.85, p = 0.002). Bayesian analysis supported the null hypothesis of no differences in frontolateral 40 Hz power after removal of the SP artifact (BH = 0.18) and ICA correction (BH = 0.01). Compared to the entire REM sleep period, lucid REM sleep showed small reductions in low-frequency and beta band spectral power as well as increased signal complexity (all p &lt; 0.05), which were within the normal variance of baseline REM sleep.

Conclusions
Lucid dreams are associated with higher-than-average levels of physiological activation during REM sleep, including measures of both subcortical and cortical activation. Increases in 40 Hz power in periorbital channels reflect saccadic and microsaccadic SPs as a result of higher REM density accompanying heightened activation.
Swallowing and aspiration during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea versus control individuals
Authors: Kohno Akane , Kohno Masaki , Ohkoshi Shogo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
There are only a few reports on voluntary swallowing during sleep; therefore, this study aimed to propose a method for observing voluntary swallowing during sleep using polysomnography. The frequency of voluntary swallowing during sleep and the factors related to swallowing and aspiration during sleep were investigated.

Methods
Polysomnography records of 20 control subjects and 60 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (mild, moderate, and severe groups; n = 20 each) were collected. Simultaneous increases in the electromyographic potentials of the submental and masseter muscles, termed coactivation, and declining oronasal airflow (SA) were extracted as “swallowing.” The cough reflex that occurred during sleep was extracted as “aspiration.” The frequency of swallowing events was compared among the different OSA severity groups. Subsequently, a multivariate regression analysis was performed.

Results
The average frequency of coactivation with SA in control subjects was 4.1 events/h and that without SA was 1.7 events/h. These frequencies increased with the severity of OSA during non-REM sleep. The distance of the hyoid to the Frankfurt plane was associated with the frequency of coactivation with (β = 0.298, p = 0.017) as well as without SA (β = 0.271, p = 0.038). The frequency of coactivation without SA was associated with aspiration (B = 0.192, p = 0.042).

Conclusions
Our data provide new insights into the relationship between swallowing and aspiration during sleep. We found that the longer the distance from the hyoid bone to the Frankfurt plane, the higher the coactivation without SA, which could lead to aspiration during sleep.

Clinical Trials
Retrospective observational study of swallowing during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea patients using polysomnography, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000050460, UMIN000044187.
Effect of Antenatal Dexamethasone in Late Preterm Period on Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Prospective Cohort Study from a Developing Country
Authors: Pal Somnath , Sardar Syamal , Sarkar Nirmalya , Ghosh Moumita , Chatterjee Suparna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study compared the risk of hypoglycemia within 72 h of life in infants with and without exposure to antenatal dexamethasone in the late preterm period (34–366/7 week’s gestational age).

Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care neonatal unit of Eastern India from May 2021 to November 2021. Babies in the exposed group received at least one dose of antenatal dexamethasone in the late preterm period between 7 days before delivery and birth. ‘Complete course’ of antenatal steroid was defined as four doses of injection dexamethasone at 12 h intervals and &lt;4 doses were considered as ‘Partial course’. Primary outcome was incidence of hypoglycemia within 72 h of life, defined as whole blood glucose &lt;45 mg/dl.

Results
Total 298 infants (98 in control, 134 in partial and 66 in complete group) were assessed for final outcome. No significant difference in outcomes were seen in the exposed group compared to unexposed group. However, incidence of hypoglycemia within 72 h (complete vs. partial p= 0.008, complete vs. control p=0.005) and 12 h of life (complete vs. partial p=0.013, complete vs. control p=0.013) was significantly less in complete steroid group. Logistic regression analysis revealed complete course of antenatal corticosteroid significantly decreased the risk of hypoglycemia [adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 (0.03–0.69), p=0.015]. Number needed to be exposed for one additional benefit was 7 (95% CI, 6.35–22.14).

Conclusion
Complete course of dexamethasone administered to mothers at risk of late preterm delivery reduces risk of neonatal hypoglycemia within 72 h of life.
Initiating Long-acting Injectable Naltrexone: Procedure for a Second Attempt After a First Attempt Fails
Authors: Shulman Matisyahu , Hu Mei Chen , Nunes Edward V. , Bisaga Adam 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objective
Many patients are unable to initiate long-acting injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) on a first attempt, due to the prerequisite abstinence and withdrawal from opioids.

Methods
Thirty patients who were unable to initiate XR-NTX were recruited to receive buprenorphine for 1 week, followed by a 3-week buprenorphine taper, and an ascending titration of oral naltrexone before XR-NTX injection.

Results
Eight (27%) initiated XR-NTX, 7 (23%) transitioned to buprenorphine maintenance treatment and 15 (50%) were lost to follow up.

Conclusion and Scientific Significance
A second attempt at XR- NTX initiation using buprenorphine stabilization and cross taper may be a reasonable approach for some patients.
Review of Lasers and Energy-Based Devices for Skin Rejuvenation and Scar Treatment With Histologic Correlations
Authors: Chen Stella X. , Cheng Judy , Watchmaker Jacqueline , Dover Jeffrey S. , Chung Hye Jin 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
Lasers and energy-based devices (EBD) are popular treatments for skin rejuvenation and resurfacing. Achieving desired outcomes and avoiding complications require understanding the effects of these devices at a histologic level. Currently, no comprehensive review summarizing the histologic effects of laser and energy-based treatments exists.

OBJECTIVE
To describe how lasers and EBD alter skin histology and improve the overall understanding of these devices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A PubMed search was conducted for studies with histologic analysis of fractional picosecond laser, fractional radiofrequency microneedling, nonablative lasers, and ablative lasers.

RESULTS
Fractional picosecond lasers induce intraepidermal and/or dermal vacuoles from laser-induced optical breakdown. Fractional radiofrequency microneedling delivers thermal energy to the dermis while sparing the epidermis, making it safer for patients with darker skin phototypes. Fractional nonablative lasers induce conical zones of coagulation of the epidermis and upper dermis. Ablative lasers vaporize the stratum corneum down to the dermis. Traditional ablative lasers cause diffuse vaporization while fractional ablative lasers generate columns of tissue ablation.

CONCLUSION
Lasers and EBD are effective for skin resurfacing and rejuvenation and have different mechanisms with disparate targets in the skin. Safe and effective use of devices requires understanding the histologic laser–tissue interaction.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Breast Cancer Resection: A Less-invasive and Early Treatment Using the Skin around Ulcers
Authors: Hirai Kotaro , Tsuge Itaru , Usui Shunya , Takada Masahiro , Yamanaka Hiroki , Katsube Motoki , Sakamoto Michiharu , Morimoto Naoki 
Published: February 2022

Summary:
Surgical invasion is a risk factor of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). A total of 25% of postoperative PG cases were reported to occur after breast surgeries, including bilateral breast reduction and breast reconstruction following cancer resection. Immunosuppressive therapy and less-invasive wound therapy are necessary; however, the complete healing of ulcers takes 5.1 months on average. We herein report a case of skin grafting under a surgical concept of less-invasive and short-term treatment. An 82-year-old woman complained of a high fever and severe pain at her breast wounds after bilateral breast cancer resection. Although we performed emergency debridement surgery to remove the necrotic tissue, suspecting surgical site infection and inflammation, her high fever persisted. She was diagnosed with PG because of the physical findings of characteristic painful, sterile ulcerations, bullae and pustules, and the pathological abundance of neutrophils in the absence of infection and vasculitis. Oral administration of prednisolone 30 mg/day improved the symptoms, and we applied negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) from day 16 following debridement surgery. After the gradual reduction of oral steroid intake to 12.5 mg/day, we performed skin grafting surgery. To limit the surgical invasion, we used the surplus skin around the ulcers. Split-thickness mesh skin grafts were fixed by NPWT to avoid the use of tie-over sutures. We achieved short-term treatment of PG with a less-invasive surgical strategy using skin around the ulcers and NPWT.
Cleft Lip and Palate Research in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney , Dutton John L. , Naidu Priyanka , Msokera Chifundo , Collier Zachary J. , Fernanda Tapia Maria , Mikhail Shady , Xepoleas Meredith , Auslander Allyn , Yao Caroline A. , Magee William 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) comprise over 90% of the world’s congenital anomalies and cause significant disability worldwide, while disproportionally burdening low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research can help inform strategies that reduce disparities in accessing CLP care. We performed a scientometric analysis of CLP research in LMICs to identify influential contributors and themes.

Methods:
The authors searched seven citation databases accessed via Web of Science, from inception to March 2, 2021. Social network analysis was done using VOSviewer. The Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression were used.

Results:
In total, 1561 articles authored by 6414 researchers affiliated with 2113 organizations in 119 countries were included. Most authors (n = 6387, 99.6%) had published two or more articles. The USA (454 articles), Brazil (211 articles), China (175 articles), and India (127 articles) published the most. The most prolific institutions were the University of Sao Paulo (94 articles), the University of Pittsburgh (57 articles), and the University of Iowa (55 articles). Marazita ML (33 articles), Shi B (27 articles), and Murray JC (22 articles) had the highest number of publications. An estimated 510 articles (32.7%) were focused on epidemiology, 240 (15.4%) on management, and 54 (3.5%) on global plastic surgery for CLP.

Conclusions:
LMICs are disproportionally burdened by CLP, but research is limited and often produced by high-income countries. This study elucidates partnership and health system strengthening opportunities to improve LMIC research capacity and ultimately informs the management and outcomes for patients with CLP.
Advancing bacteriophages as a treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pulmonary infections
Authors: Satta Giovanni , O’Callagharn Christopher , Clokie Martha R.J. , Di Luca Mariagrazia 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The current article summarizes the recent advances in the use of bacteriophages to treat pulmonary infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative drug-resistant bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Burkholderia species. It provides an updated overview of the current available evidence, with a summary of published clinical cases, case series and clinical trials currently underway.
Recent finding Personalized treatment with bacteriophages is still in its infancy in Europe and the USA, despite extensive experience in Eastern countries. However, more patients are expected to be treated with clinical trials in progress and others planned.

Summary
Despite very promising initial results and the confirmation of phage safety, there are still many ethical and practical implications to be considered, from the necessary regulatory approval to optimization of dose and route of administration, to developing strategies to tackle bacterial resistance. Patients with cystic fibrosis are a group where phage therapy, if successful, could have a major impact.
Finerenone: a new mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist to beat chronic kidney disease
Authors: Raj Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Clinical trials of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) finerenone published recently suggest that they improve outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This review summarises key research from the last two years to provide clinicians with a synopsis of recent findings.

Recent findings
Large international trials, such as Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease (5674 participants) and Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (7437 participants), suggest that in proteinuric patients with DKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate >25 ml/min/1.73 m2, already on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, addition of finerenone provided modest further improvement in composite renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Proteinuria was reduced; there was also a small drop in systolic blood pressure. Hyperkalaemia remained a concern, although the incidence is lower with finerenone. Emerging data suggest that newer potassium binding agents may mitigate this risk. Preclinical studies suggest additive benefits when MRA and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are used in combination.

Summary
The nonsteroidal MRA finerenone could improve renal and cardiac outcomes further in diabetics with kidney disease when added to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Hyperkalaemia is probably less worrisome, but real-world data is needed. Combinations with other new nephroprotective agents (such as SGLT2i inhibitors) has the potential to provide increasing benefit. Benefits of finerenone in chronic kidney disease without diabetes remains to be seen.
Correlation of preoperative PET/computer tomography 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (maximum standardized uptake value) with prognosis in patients with operated lung cancer
Authors: Mertoğlu Aydan , Üçvet Ahmet , Balci Günseli , Aksel Nimet , Batum Özgür , Cireli Emel , Ceylan Kenan Can , Koparal Hakan , Çirak Ali Kadri , Gürsoy Soner , Yilmaz Ufuk , Kömürcüoğlu Berna 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in operated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases with other prognostic parameters and survival.

Patients and methods
NSCLC patients treated by surgical resection were imaged with PET within 60 days before surgery.

Results
Overall, 525 cases consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. The median value of SUVmax in a total of 525 cases was 12.1, and the mean was 13.3 ± 7.13. Logistic regression analysis performed to identify the variables that have an impact on SUVmax revealed that histology [hazard ratio (HR: 1.893; 95% CI; P = 0.001) and T status (HR: 8.991; 95% CI; P = 0.000) are correlated with SUVmax. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a mean survival of 73.7 ± 1.95 months and a median survival of 85.6 ± 6.03 months. In the group with an SUVmax value of less than 10, the mean survival was 81.9 ± 3.02 months (76.0–87.8), and in the group with SUVmax greater than 10.1, the mean survival was 68.6 ± 2.4 months (63.9–73.3) (P = 0.000). In the multivariate analysis, SUVmax, age, tumor histology, lymph node metastasis, comorbid diseases and complete/incomplete status of the resection were identified as the factors predictive of prognosis.

Conclusion
It is seen that preoperative SUVmax is a parameter with prognostic significance at least as much as histopathology, age, complete/incomplete status of resection and lymph node involvement.
The expanding role of lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 (LPCAT3), a phospholipid remodeling enzyme, in health and disease
Authors: Lagrost Laurent , Masson David 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The turnover of fatty acids (FAs) at the sn-2 position of phospholipids is mediated by the reciprocal actions of phospholipases A2 and lyso-PL acyltransferases (LPLAT). LPCAT3, a major LPLAT isoform, exhibits a strong specificity for polyunsaturated FAs s (PUFAs). Although the enzyme was originally studied in the context of cardiometabolism, recent investigations have shed light on the role of LPCAT3 in other tissues such as skeletal muscle and in unexpected biological processes such as cell death and oncogenesis.

Recent findings
The three-dimensional structure of LPCAT3 has been elucidated allowing further understanding of the mechanism of the acylation reaction as well as the substrate specificity of the enzyme. In skeletal muscle, LPCAT3-mediated phospholipid remodeling modulates membrane domain clustering and insulin signaling
LPCAT3 plays an important role in the process of ferroptosis by modulating the PUFA content of phospholipids and possibly of plasmalogens.
In tumor-associated macrophages, LPCAT3 can prevent ER stress induced by the tumor microenvironment and may equally modulate antitumor immunity.

Summary
LPCAT3 is an attractive therapeutic target in the cardiometabolic disorders. Nevertheless, the involvement of LPCAT3 in processes such as cell death and oncogenesis demands caution with respect to the potential deleterious effects of enzyme modulation.