bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The WTO’s Fisheries Subsidies Agreement: What’s New and What’s Next?
Authors: Bangura Kadijatu Zainab , Kromah Abraham Zaqi 
Published: October 2022

A major factor cited for the prevalence of overfishing has been the lack of stringent national and international regulations on subsidies in the fisheries sector. Heavily subsidized large-scale fishing operators are largely responsible for overfishing and overcapacity, while the small-scale fisheriy sectors of developing and least developed countries (LDCs) are disadvantaged as a result of the trade distortive effects of subsidized fishing. For several years, efforts have been made at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to negotiate disciplines to address the trade and environmental impacts of such subsidized fishing. At the WTO’s recent 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12), WTO Members adopted the first Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies to address this issue.
Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, Overfishing, Subsidies, Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development, Negotiations, Regulatory actions
It Is Not a BIT Race, It Is a BIT Marathon: Comparing Pakistan’s and India’s Evolving Approach to Investment Policy
Authors: Rangachari Rekha , Duggal† Kabir , Aslam Fatima , Wahid Adeel 
Published: October 2022

India and Pakistan initiated their journeys from distinct starting points, yet have since adopted similar approaches to structuring their investment policies. These two large, developing nations differ politically, but both seek to attract foreign investment and have faced many complicated investment disputes. Because of the significant role that each of these countries play in the developing world within their respective spheres of influence, it is worth examining their experience. Indeed, India has recently terminated numerous Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) after restructuring its investment policy while Pakistan is contemplating amendments to its existing investment regime and may adopt a similar approach. Related developments on the international plane could also further support the countries’ stances on renegotiating and adopting a balanced approach to their investment policies. In the future, it would be interesting to observe whether other countries adopt similar approaches.
Pakistan, India, investor-state dispute settlement, investment, investor, reform, expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, most-favoured-nation, developing world
Blockchain and Smart Contracts and the Role of Arbitration
Authors: Wiegandt Dirk 
Published: October 2022

Blockchain technology is considered one of the most disruptive technologies of our times. At the same time, by means of smart contracts stored on a blockchain, all or parts of an agreement can be executed automatically upon certain triggering events. Some consider that with smart contracts becoming more and more complete and self-executing, we will enter into an era of dispute resolution without the involvement of a neutral third party (conciliator, mediator, arbitrator) or even an entirely dispute-free environment. By contrast, it is submitted that disputes are inevitable. The question is not whether disputes arise, but which means of dispute resolution are best suited to resolve disputes arising in the context of blockchains and smart contracts. While not the only mechanism, it is submitted that arbitration is particularly well-suited for many types of disputes and, if adapted to the specific expectations and needs of (enterprise) users of blockchains and smart contracts, may play a central role in a blockchain and smart contract environment.
blockchain technology, smart contracts, distributed ledger technology, decentralization, disintermediation, oracles, automation, artificial intelligence, cryptocurrencies, NFTs, Kleros, digital dispute resolution
Heterodox Views: What Is Wrong With the WTO and How to Fix It
Authors: Appleton Arthur , Macrory Patrick 
Published: October 2022

The international trade architecture is out-of-date. A consensus among Members is almost impossible to achieve. Tariffs make little sense in an era of global supply chains. The trade system ignores most important environmental, governmental, labour, and human rights challenges. Anti-globalization rhetoric is undermining the international economy and the rules-based trading system. The World Trade Organization (WTO) needs to evolve. The provocative views expressed in this article are designed to stimulate discussion and an eventual dialogue on WTO reform.
WTO, reform, consensus, tariffs, environment, unfair competition
EU’s ‘Distorted Economy’ Antidumping Approach Towards China: Improvement of Legal Certainty or New Legal Distortions?: Some Overall Observations
Authors: Andersen Henrik 
Published: October 2022

In 2017, the EU introduced the ‘distorted economy’ rules in EU antidumping law. The new rules target in particular China. The question is whether the new rules and their application by the Commission provide an improvement of legal certainty for Chinese exporters and EU importers compared to the old antidumping regime of non-market economy treatment of China. This article makes a comparison between the new and old rules and their application by the EU institutions. The article argues that the new rules slightly improve legal certainty but that new uncertainties emerge as well. For example, the context of international labour law and international environmental law raises new questions.
antidumping, distorted economy, EU, China, WTO, legal certainty
HUMAN WELL-BEING: THE ROLE OF FAMILY INSTITUTION
Authors: Abbasi Manzoor Ahmed , Ansari Sarfraz Hussain , Islam Rafaqat 
Published: October 2022

Family has been the primary institution of human societies for ages. A balanced human life without family can hardly be conceived. The family bonding has started loosening in many societies of the world, due to ultra-liberalist thoughts in the West and, in result thereof, in the rest of the world. The emerging literature indicates that exceeding number of single parents and children being born out of wedlock have badly impacted the Western and some of the Eastern societies. Furthermore, over emphasis on nuclear family system, seems to have undermined the traditional status of parents in many societies, and Pakistan is not an exception to it. Islamic family life consists of a comprehensive system of rights and duties of all members in the family. This paper posits that every citizen needs to be educated to understand the quantum of responsibilities related to family life and, thereby, the citizenship. It will not happen automatically, it would require a conscientious effort to educate each citizen to embrace the notions of Islamic family life in true spirit. Life of human beings, as per Islamic concepts, does not end up in this world; rather all revealed religions propound continuity of life even after death. This world-view implies: accepting the Divine scheme of creation of this universe and more so human beings, living in conformity to natural laws and the commandments of the Creator, fostering the fine human attributes and passions of love, mercy, kindness, justice, equity, forgiveness and generosity. Since the family is the closest circle of relations and an institution of common socio-economic and spiritual bonding, all family members are required to give their best to make this life happy, fulfilled and contented.
REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: EMERGING AEROSPACE COMBAT TRENDS IN SOUTH ASIA
Authors: Khan Muhammad Fahim , Hamza Ameer , Ali Sajid 
Published: October 2022

Technology dictates everything in the modern world but nothing is more technical than the human mind. It always gears up to explore new dimensions of the universe. Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is the brainchild of a critical human mind that never relies on knowledge at hand and strives for more. Aerospace potential and capabilities have become crucial to modern forces in an age of global reach and South Asia is not an exception in any sense. It is argued that RMA in South Asia is likely to be employed more in aerospace to outmanoeuvre each other (India and Pakistan) in order to carry out rapid offensive operations against the enemy.
This paper examines the emerging trends in aerial combat and military use of space simultaneously with a focus on on-going developments in South Asia. At first, this paper explores the emergence of aerospace potential for military means among major powers during the cold war. Following emerging global aerospace trends, it focuses how it encouraged a shift in strategy and doctrines of India and Pakistan because of drastic change in weaponry and how it created more space for the aerospace domain. Moreover, this paper analyses the defensive potential of arch-rivals India and Pakistan and explores the prospects of the aerospace industry in Pakistan.
Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mendisiplinkan Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar Di Korong Tiram, Kecamatan Ulakan Tapakis, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Herlina Silvia , Dasmita Dasmita 
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Bentuk peran orang tua dalam mendisiplinkan anak yang masih duduk di Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Korong Tiram, kecamatan ulakan tapakis, kabupaten padang pariaman, serta untuk megetahui Faktor Penghambat penanaman disiplin terhadap anak usia sekolah dasar di Korong Tiram, Kecamatan Ulakan Tapakis, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis deskriptif. Fokus penelitian yaitu bentuk pendisiplinan anak. Tahap kegiatan yaitu tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap hasil laporan, sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar pedoman wawancara, prosedur pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengecekan keabsahan data yaitu triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menjelaskan, menguraikan, dan menggambarkan sesuai permasalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Orang tua merupakan kunci utama dalam menerapkan kedisiplinan pada anak dan tetap mengawasi anaknya baik dari segi waktu maupun perilaku, (2) Faktor Penghambat dalam menanamkan sikap disiplin bagi anak usia sekolah dasar yaitu kurangnya konsistensi orang tua dalam memberikan keteladanan dikarenakan kesibukan orang tua dalam bekerja dan kurang bersinerginya antara orang tua dan guru dalam hal waktu dan perhatian.
Peran Guru PAI Sebagai Konselor Dalam Pelaksanaan Bimbingan Kepribadian Bagi Siswa Di SMKN 2 Pariaman
Authors: Taufik Taufik 
Published: October 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui program, mendeskripsikan peran guru PAI, mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran guru PAI, dan mengetahui upaya-upaya guru PAI sebagai konselor dalam pelaksanaan bimbingan kepribadian bagi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya observasi, wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan setelah pemeriksaan keabsahan data. Untuk menguji keabsahan data dan validitas data, peneliti mencocokkan dan membandingkan data dari berbagai sumber, baik sumber lisan (wawancara) maupun sumber tulisan (dokumen dan pustaka), maupun data hasil observasi. Pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik-teknik triangulasi, perpanjangan kehadiran, pengamatan secara terus menerus, dan pengecekan kecukupan referensi. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian pertanyaan pertama, bimbingan langsung ketika proses belajar mengajar, bimbingan dalam kegiatan ekstra kurikuler wajib, bimbingan dalam kegiatan rohis, bimbingan dalam kegiatan kultum, bimbingan ketika mensosialisasikan peraturan sekolah, bimbingan dalam pembekalan magang bagi siswa yang akan mengikuti prakerin, dan bimbingan ketika melakukan kunjungan magang. Pertanyaan kedua adalah guru PAI sebagai informator, fasilitator, moderator, motivator, dan kolaborator. Pertanyaan ketiga adalah faktor kompetensi guru PAI, orang tua, pribadi siswa, lingkungan, dan sarana prasarana. Pertanyaan keempat adalah mengidentifikasi masalah, melakukan diagnosis, menyusun rencana tindakan, memberikan bantuan, dan tindak lanjut. Juga melalui bimbingan langsung, bimbingan tidak langsung, dan dengan melakukan kerjasama.
EFFECT OF AMELANCHIER EXTRACT ON LIPID OXIDATION AND SENSORY FEATURES OF PORK SAUSAGES
Authors: Jurcaga Lukas , Bobko Marek , Bucko Ondrej , Mendelova Andrea , Belas Peter , Krocko Miroslav , Lidikova Judita , Bobkova Alica , Demianova Alžbeta , Polakova Katarina , Mesarosova Andrea 
Published: October 2022

The meat industry in recent years leaning towards the replacement of synthetic antioxidants, such as BHT, for natural, mostly plant-based alternatives. For such purpose, polyphenol-rich plant species are selected and researched. Amelanchier (Amelanchier alnifolia) fruit seems to be an interesting option for adding to meat products to increase oxidative stability. In our study, we incorporate 3 and 5 ml of Amelanchier extract into pork sausage and observed changes in pH, color, sensory, and oxidative stability for 21 days period of vacuum storage. During storage period we measured pH values, color (expressed as cieLab coordinates), malondialdehyde concentration. Also, sensory evaluation was conducted. We compared those experimental meat products with sausages without any antioxidant and commercially used synthetic vitamin C. In our study we did not observe negative effects of Amelanchier extract addition compared to control groups in terms of pH, color and sensory properties. Regarding oxidative stability, Amelanchier extract was able to retard oxidation processes at comparable rate as vitamin C. Amelanchier therefore shows promising possibilities for food industry. However, further study of this natural resource is still needed.
Análise da distribuição pluviométrica na Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Lopes Carolina Bastos , Dourado Francisco , Silva de Souza Lucio , Gois Givanildo de , Pinto Paula Marangoni Gazineu Marinho 
Published: October 2022

O estudo da distribuição de chuva no Brasil é importante tanto para a economia quanto para a redução de desastres naturais. Os eventos de chuvas intensas que causam tanto secas quanto inundações geram perdas e danos sobretudo para a população mais carente. Com isso, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a distribuição espaço temporal das chuvas na região da Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, no período entre 2003 e 2017. Para o estudo foram utilizados seis postos pluviométricos e estações meteorológicas, distribuídas ao longo da região. A chuva anual acumulada para a Baixada Fluminense é de 1830 mm, com os meses de maio a setembro sendo os mais chuvosos, com destaque para janeiro com 269 mm. O período seco da região é de abril a outubro com a menor média em agosto com 64mm. Um fator importante é a distribuição espacial da chuva, onde a região leste da Baixada Fluminense apresenta os maiores valores de chuva, principalmente, em Duque de Caxias e Guapimirim. A região Oeste é a menos chuvosa com destaque para Piraí e Seropédica. Esta distribuição desigual da chuva indica a influência do fator topográfico na espacialização da chuva na Baixada Fluminense, como as baías da Guanabara e Sepetiba que são fontes de umidade. Além da Serra do Mar e do Morro da Mazomba que são bloqueios orográficos frente às massas de ar.
Edukasi Cerdas Dalam Konsumsi Bagi Para Penggemar Anime Jepang
Authors: P Reski , Nur Rahmat , Apriati Yuli , Sidik Sang Putri 
Published: October 2022

Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan memberikan Edukasi Cerdas dalam konsumsi bagi para Penggemar Anime Jepang di Kelurahan Antasan Kecil Timur, Kota Banjarmasin. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu: 1. Metode Ceramah, digunakan untuk memaparkan materi yang telah disusun oleh tim pengabdian mengenai Cerdas dalam konsumsi bagi para Penggemar Anime Jepang. Metode Tanya Jawab, digunakan untuk merespon sejauh mana tingkat pemahaman peserta seputar materi yang telah disusun oleh tim pengabdian mengenai cara Cerdas dalam konsumsi bagi para Penggemar Anime Jepang. Pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berhasil dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian dengan antusias peserta pengabdian dan juga dari angket yang diisi oleh peserta dengan mayoritas merasa sangat puas dengan kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian. Diharapkan diharapkan edukasi mengenai cerdas dalam konsumsi ini tetap berlanjut dengan sasaran mitra yang lebih luas lagi mengingat dari dampak negatif perilaku konsumtif ini sehingga perlu cara-cara cerdas untuk bisa menghindari perilaku tersebut.
Pengaruh Retail Marketing Mix Terhadap Perilaku Membeli Pada Konsumen Pinggiran Kota Ponorogo
Authors: Farida Umi , Pinaryo Pinaryo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Retail Marketing Mix Terhadap Perilaku Membeli Pada Konsumen Pinggiran Kota Ponorogo. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tehnik insidental sampling, skala pengukuran dengan skala likert pendataan dilakukan dengan sedangkan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 70 orang. Alat analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, Place (X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, People (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, Product (X3) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, Price (X4) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, Promotion (X5) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, sedangkan uji F secara simultan dengan hasil Place (X1), people (X2), product (X3), price (X4), dan promotion (X5) secara bersama – sama positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk (Y) pada konsumen Suryamart Jalan Bathoro Katong
Graças a Deus é segunda feira: a felicidade à caminho do trabalho
Authors: Ferreira Poliana Gonçalves , Fukuda Cláudia Cristina 
Published: October 2022

A felicidade no trabalho tem sido relacionada a resultados positivos associados à saúde mental e à produtividade. Os estudos acerca do tema ainda estão em expansão. Contudo, necessitam de mais confluência e concordância. Nessa pesquisa exploramos as percepções sobre vivências de felicidade no trabalho de servidores públicos de uma instituição de ensino superior pública. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada que foi aplicada em doze servidores. A análise de dados foi realizada pelo Software Iramuteq, por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e Análise Fatorial por Correspondência. Os resultados identificaram que os participantes perceberam a felicidade no trabalho através de quatro pilares principais: condições físicas e de segurança no ambiente de trabalho, relacionamento interpessoal no trabalho, relevância atribuída à natureza do trabalho, e identidade profissional. Concluiu-se que os significados conferidos ao trabalho por parte de quem o realiza são decisivos para a desenvolvimento de sentimentos recorrentes de felicidade no trabalho
ระบบเชิงพื้นที่และรายละเอียดโครงการศูนย์ประชุมเพื่อรองรับอุตสาหกรรมไมซ์ (MICE) ในระดับกลุ่มเมืองจุดหมายปลายทางระดับสองของภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้
Authors: กลิ่นมาลัย ศิวาพร , แก้วลาย พีรดร 
Published: October 2022

นักท่องเที่ยวกลุ่มไมซ์เป็นกลุ่มที่เดินทางมาเพื่อการประชุมและชมนิทรรศการ จากข้อมูลของสำนักงานส่งเสริมการจัดประชุมและนิทรรศการ (สสปน.) ในปัจจุบันหลายประเทศมีการผลักดันกลุ่มเมืองจุดหมายปลายทางระดับสอง (Second Tier MICE Destination) โดยมีการสร้างศูนย์ประชุมและสาธารณูปโภคสำหรับการรองรับการจัดงานประชุมทางธุรกิจหรือประชุมองค์กรในเมืองกลุ่มดังกล่าว มีการพัฒนาโครงสร้างพื้นฐาน และการสร้างสถานที่รองรับการจัดงานประชุมในรูปแบบที่หลากหลาย เช่น มาเลเซีย สิงคโปร์ และอินโดนีเซีย เป็นต้น งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาระบบเชิงพื้นที่และรายละเอียดของโครงการศูนย์ประชุมในระดับกลุ่มเมืองจุดหมายปลายทางระดับสอง โดยวิเคราะห์จากกรณีศึกษาที่โดดเด่นในกลุ่มภูมิภาคอาเซียนจำนวน 4 แห่ง ในปัจจัยด้านองค์ประกอบกายภาพและพื้นที่ภายในของศูนย์ประชุมและสถิตการจัดประชุมเพื่อสรุปลักษณะการจัดวางผังอาคาร การเข้าถึง รูปแบบการแบ่งพื้นที่ใช้สอย และสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกที่จำเป็น เพื่อใช้เป็นข้อมูลในการพัฒนาคุณลักษณะเชิงกายภาพของศูนย์ประชุมในประเทศไทยเพื่อให้สามารถแข่งขันกับศูนย์ประชุมในระดับภูมิภาคต่อไปได้
Green Infrastructure Development for a Sustainable Urban Environment in Chittagong city, Bangladesh
Authors: Syed Mahadi Hasan , Haider Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2022

The urban green belts mechanism was part of the city planning landscape of the 20th century for sustainable urban management. Greenbelt is a land-use policy and designation used in land use/land cover planning. The green belt has long been a design policy that also has a base in London accepted by other renowned cities such as Ottawa, Birmingham, Seoul, Frankfurt, Tehran's, Mashhad, Beijing, Gulbarga, Ontario, etc. Benefits include the value of living close to the green belts, recreational resources, productive farmland, transport connectivity, and a wide range of life support ecosystem services. The study investigated the present green space condition and its infrastructure with other cities around the world and prescribed the other mechanism in reviewing the Master Plan and the Detailed Area Plan of Chittagong city, Bangladesh along with a significant number of journal articles, books, and reports. The study found that the city of Chittagong is facing various problems in the present decades with its various problems like green space, recreational facilities, disaster, public health risk and so many. It also found that the city's geographical condition is suitable for developing an effective green belt in its periphery area. Although green wedges is another park system proposal for the barriers of urban green belt. The importance of land allocation for urban green space is usually neglected or easily reported in the city transition region. Besides, the city of Glasgow, Stockholm, Melbourne, and Copenhagen, etc. are accepted green wedges mechanisms. For some barriers as like as industrial development and some exclusive economic zone, some green wedges are much suitable in the gap of urban green belt in Chittagong city. The concept of green belt and green wedges both supports sustainable urban management in the city of Chittagong. However, these findings and analysis will be of great importance to the urban planners and decision-makers, for making environment-friendly sustainable future planning of modern and the planned Chittagong city.
Tannregulering med alignere
Authors: Kristensen Kasper Dahl , Henrikson Thor 
Published: October 2022

Hovedbudskap
For å gi pasientene våre best mulige resultater og opplevelse av behandling må behandlere som bruker alignere kjenne til fordeler og begrensninger i bruken av behandlingsmetoden.
Generell kjeveortopedisk viten, forståelse av okklusjon, respekt for de biologiske grenser hos den enkelte pasient og oppstilling av behandlingsmål må være på plass før start av behandling med alignere.
Utvelgelsen av pasienter er ytterst viktig for å respektere læringskurven og bli fortrolig med teknikken.
Simuleringer av behandlingsresultater før oppstart har flere problemer med presisjon av flere bevegelsestyper, hvilket må korrigeres for før behandlingsstart i de mer kompliserte pasienttilfellene.