bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The circadian clock sets a spatial–temporal window for recent thymic emigrants
Authors: Minaduola Mili , Aili Abudureyimujiang , Bao Yuhui , Peng Zhi , Ge Qing , Jin Rong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe diurnal timing system regulates multiple functions of lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid organs. Whether T‐cell development in the thymus and T‐cell egress from the thymus are affected by the circadian clock is not clear. Herein, we used flow cytometry to examine the cell number and percentage of total thymocytes and various thymocyte subsets from Zeitgeber time (ZT) 1 to ZT21. CD4 and CD8 single‐positive (SP) thymocytes, in particular, the mature CD4 SP4 thymocyte subset with emigration capability and P‐phycoerythrin+ CD4 SP thymocytes in the perivascular space of the thymus, exhibited robust circadian oscillations. The diurnal expression of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐1 (S1PR1) and CCR2 on SP thymocytes and the rhythmic sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) and CCL2 gradient formed between peripheral blood and thymus likely promoted SP thymocyte egress in a circadian pattern. Switching the daylight cycle disturbed the rhythm of S1PR1 and CCR2 expression and subsequent thymocyte output. We further demonstrated that the core clock molecule BMAL1 had rhythmic binding of the promoters of Klf2, S1pr1 and Sphk2. Together, we elucidated the circadian dynamic characteristics of mature thymocyte egress, which coordinated with the diurnal changes in T‐cell homing to the lymph nodes. The core rhythmic molecule BMAL1 likely promoted thymocyte emigration through transcriptional regulation of emigration‐related molecules.
Evolution of a metastable thin film with high‐hardness wear resistance for advanced cutting tool application
Authors: Kim Myungjae , Kim Jiwoo , Seo Minkyeong , Kim Jiwoong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structure and elastic properties of rocksalt and wurtzite Ti–Al–N ternary solid solutions were investigated using first principles calculations. We also performed an experimental evaluation using the sputtering method to obtain the reliability. The phase transition of (Ti1−xAlx)N solid solutions was occurred at x = 0.5–0.75 for both calculations and experimental results. The bulk modulus of rocksalt and wurtzite solid solutions decreases with increasing Al content. On the other hand, shear moduli and Young's moduli gradually increase with Al content only in rocksalt solid solutions. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that the overall mechanical properties of rocksalt solid solutions are superior to those of wurtzite solid solutions. Therefore, controlling the crystal structure of the Ti–Al–N ternary metastable system was crucial for optimizing the material properties.
Microstructural design of textured KSr2Nb5O15 ceramics by a phase‐field simulation and lamination technique
Authors: Zhang Yongmei , Liu Liangliang , Jiang Xinyu , Hou Zhaoping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe densification of textured ceramics requires a small template size. However, it is challenging to complete the directional arrangement into the matrix by small templates during the templated grain growth. We propose a strategy to increase the density and texture degree of KSr2Nb5O15 ceramics. The microstructures can be designed by a phase‐field simulation and lamination technique. For the textured KSr2Nb5O15 ceramics, a high piezoelectricity of d33 = 98 pC/N (the highest reported d33 is 65 pC/N) is achieved by the microstructural control. This study provides a novel technique for preparation of textured piezoelectric ceramics with high performances.
Investigating the behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post‐smolts during their early marine migration through the Clyde Marine Region
Authors: Lilly Jessie , Honkanen Hannele M. , Bailey David M. , Bean Colin W. , Forrester Ruaidhri , Rodger Jessica R. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is thought that survival during migration is particularly poor for Atlantic salmon post‐smolts immediately after entry into sea and particularly in the estuarine environment. Nonetheless, there is currently a lack of information on Atlantic salmon post‐smolt movement behaviour in estuaries in the UK. This study used acoustic tagging to estimate loss rates and compare the behaviour of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts migrating from two distinctly different rivers draining into the Clyde Estuary, the River Endrick (n = 145) and the Gryffe (n = 102). Contrary to most literature, post‐smolts undertook rapid migrations through the estuary, potentially decreasing their exposure to predators/anthropogenic stressors and reducing their estimated loss rates (river: 1%–3% km–1; estuary: 0.20%–0.60% km–1). The low loss rates in the estuary occurred despite post‐smolts engaging in passive reversal movements with the tide upon entering the estuary, possibly allowing them more time to adapt to the increased salinity. Atlantic salmon post‐smolts from both the rivers used similar migration pathways exiting into the coastal marine zone during ebbing tide. This study provides novel information on the timing and migratory routes of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts in the Clyde Estuary that can ultimately be used to inform management decisions on how to assess and reduce the potential impacts of current natural and anthropogenic stressors. Temporal repeatability of this study over multiple years is required to determine if there is variation in the factors driving the migratory patterns and loss rates of smolts in this system.
Economic policy uncertainty and insider trading
Authors: El Ghoul Sadok , Guedhami Omrane , Nash Robert , Wang He (Helen) 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we examine the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on insider trading. Two hypotheses predict that EPU is positively related to insider trading volume and profitability: (1) the private benefits hypothesis, which states that insiders exploit their information advantage to realize abnormal profits, and (2) the signaling hypothesis, which states that insiders trade to signal private information to stock market participants. We find that EPU is positively and significantly related to the profitability of insider purchases, and that insiders purchase more frequently during high‐EPU periods. Additional analysis provides strong support for the signaling hypothesis but no support for the private benefits hypothesis.
A mixed‐methods analysis of telehealth implementation in nursing homes amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Powell Kimberly R. , Winkler Amy E. , Liu Jianfang , Alexander Gregory L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has forced nursing homes to adapt new models of care in response to the evolving crisis including rapid implementation of telehealth services. The purpose of our study was to investigate implementation of telehealth in nursing homes amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic using a human factors model.MethodsUsing a mixed methods design, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national survey of nursing home administrative leaders (n = 204). Using six survey questions, we calculated a total telehealth score (range 0–42). Descriptive statistics and paired sample t‐test were used to explore the change in telehealth in two consecutive years (2019–2021). Next, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with (n = 21) administrators and clinicians to assess differences in implementation according to extent of telehealth use.ResultsThe mean telehealth score in year 1 was 12.11 (SD = 9.85) and year 2 was 19.25 (SD = 11.25). There was a significant difference in telehealth scores from year 1 to year 2 (t = 6.83, p < 0.000). While 64% of nursing homes reported higher telehealth scores in year 2 compared to year 1, over 32% reported a decline. Qualitative analysis revealed facilitators of telehealth including training, use of integrated equipment, having staff present for the visit, and using telehealth for different types of visits. Barriers included using smart phones to conduct the visit, billing, interoperability and staffing.ConclusionTraining, adaptation of work processes to support communication, and restructuring teams and tasks are the result of interactions between system components that could improve usability and sustainability of telehealth in nursing homes.
Long‐term evolutionary adaptation of SIVcpz toward HIV‐1 using a humanized mouse model
Authors: Schmitt Kimberly , Curlin James , Remling‐Mulder Leila , Morrison Jared , Moriarty Ryan , Goff Kelly , Stenglein Mark , O'Connor Shelby , Marx Preston , Akkina Ramesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCritical genetic adaptations needed for SIV chimpanzee to evolve into HIV‐1 are not well understood. Using humanized mice, we mimicked the evolution of SIVcpzLB715 into HIV‐1 Group M over the course of four generations. Higher initial viral load, increased CD4+ T‐cell decline, and nonsynonymous substitutions arose suggesting viral evolution.
Ligularia fischeri ethanol extract: An inhibitor of alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone‐stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Joo In‐Hwan , Choi Ji‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Hee , Chung Moon‐Jung , Lim Mi‐Hye 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLigularia fischeri is a perennial herb isolated from plants of the Asteraceae family. Ligularia fischeri is distributed throughout Korea, Japan, eastern Siberia, and China.AimsThe aim of this study is to examine the intracellular inhibitory effect of Ligularia fischeri ethanol extract on melanin synthesis and expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein 1 and 2. In addition, we analyzed the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway and microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor in alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone‐stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells.MethodsTo assess the inhibition of melanogenesis in alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone‐stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the expression of melanogenesis‐related genes was investigated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, while western blotting was performed to determine protein expression levels.ResultsWe confirmed that the ethanol extract of Ligularia fischeri inhibited melanin synthesis in vitro by decreasing tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein 1 and 2 expression. Furthermore, we revealed that tyrosinase expression was regulated by the suppression of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor expression and activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation. The ethanol extract of Ligularia fischeri inhibited melanogenesis by activating extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation and suppressing microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor and tyrosinase expression.ConclusionsLigularia fischeri ethanol extract may be used as an effective skin whitening agent in functional cosmetics.
Modeling dynamic personality theories in a continuous‐time framework: An illustration
Authors: Hecht Martin , Horstmann Kai T. , Arnold Manuel , Sherman Ryne A. , Voelkle Manuel C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePersonality psychology has traditionally focused on stable between‐person differences. Yet, recent theoretical developments and empirical insights have led to a new conceptualization of personality as a dynamic system (e.g., Cybernetic Big Five Theory). Such dynamic systems comprise several components that need to be conceptually distinguished and mapped to a statistical model for estimation.MethodIn the current work, we illustrate how common components from these new dynamic personality theories may be implemented in a continuous time‐modeling framework.ResultsAs an empirical example, we reanalyze experience sampling data with N = 180 persons (with on average T = 40 [SD = 8] measurement occasions) to investigate four different effects between momentary happiness, momentary extraverted behavior, and the perception of a situation as social: (1) between‐person effects, (2) contemporaneous effects, (3) autoregressive effects, and (4) cross‐lagged effects.ConclusionWe highlight that these four effects must not necessarily point in the same direction, which is in line with assumptions from dynamic personality theories.
Addressing stigma among persons living with HIV through the Sujaag project in Pakistan: A socioecological analysis
Authors: Khurshid Kainat , Dutta Tapati , Khan Kausar S. , Haider Syed Aun , Ahmed Usman Ali , Jatoi Hashmat , Tahir Mohammad , Sarfraz Raja , Pasha Aneeta , Khan Myra , Ali Mehek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHIV‐related stigma causes multifaceted problems for people with lived experiences. Stigma leads to feelings of shame and disgrace, and marginalizes persons living with HIV and their caregivers by marring social relationships and impacting health outcomes. In April 2019 Ratodero Tehsil in Larkana District, Pakistan, had an HIV outbreak, where evidence highlighted increase in infection rates among non‐high‐risk populations, including children. In the aftermath of this outbreak, affected families faced loss of communal ties in part due to stigmatizing attitudes. The Sujaag Project employed Participatory Action Research strategies to address HIV‐based stigma and enhance acceptance of people living with HIV in the region. By utilizing a qualitative methodology, this study reports manifestations in changes in HIV stigma at four layers of the Socioecological Model: Individual, Interpersonal, Community and Social, and Macro levels. Findings from focus group discussions and reflective narrative reports gathered at varied points of the project cycle create an understanding of how HIV‐related stigma affects wellbeing and how a collaborative and participatory approach aids in re‐establishment of social relationships. This study informs contextual methodologies for incorporating lived experiences of HIV in program design, service delivery, and policy influence, and can be adapted for other stigmatized illnesses in similar contexts.
Impact of current Australian paid parental leave on families of preterm and sick infants
Authors: Eeles Abbey L , Olsen Joy E , Cameron Kate L , McKinnon Clare T , Rawnsley Kate L , Cruz Melinda , Pussell Kylie , Dubois Kara , Hunt Rod W , Cheong Jeanie LY , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: August 2022

AimParents of preterm or sick infants are at increased risk of mental health problems. The financial stress associated with an infant's prolonged hospital stay can have an additional negative effect on families' wellbeing and child development. This study explores parent use of Australian paid parental leave (PPL) and the financial impact of having an infant requiring neonatal care.MethodsRetrospective, cross‐sectional, online survey study conducted from November 2020 to February 2021. Participants were parents of babies born from 1 January 2013, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery in Australia. The survey explored use of Australian Government and private sector PPL, and financial stress. Parent‐reported anxiety and depression were measured using the EuroQol Group 5D‐5L Anxiety and Stress Subscale.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐one parents responded of which 93% had a preterm infant. Seventy‐three percent of infants were hospitalised for more than 1 month, and 34% were readmitted to hospital within the first year following discharge home. Eighty‐three percent of parents reported moderate, severe or extreme levels of anxiety or depression. Seventy‐six percent reported that having a child in hospital had a moderate‐very large financial impact on their family. Parents identified main costs to be travel, food, inability to work and direct medical costs.ConclusionsHaving an infant born preterm or sick has significant emotional and financial implications for families. The current Australian Government PPL scheme does not adequately support parents of preterm or sick infants, and a change is urgently needed to improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Holding Hope: Co‐producing eating disorders education that integrates the lived experience voice to inform best practice
Authors: Brand Gabrielle , Wise Steve , Calvert Shannon 
Published: August 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Eating Disorder (ED) education is predominating taught through a DSM‐V diagnostic criteria and clinically focused lens devoid of lived experience expertise.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Current clinically focused ED education may be shaping health professional misunderstandings of EDs, influencing the therapeutic relationships between health professional and consumer which is key to the recovery process.

Integrating the lived experience voice through co‐produced, humanities‐based ED education deepens understandings and honours the complexities of EDs by bringing a much‐needed, alternate perspective to health professional learning, practice and research.

What are the implications for mental health nursing?

Reframing mental health education towards a more strengths‐based, trauma‐informed and recovery focused lens has the potential to upskill the health workforce in how to hold hope, space and learn to walk the fight with people living and recovering with an ED.
Playing Board Games to Learn Rational Numbers: AProof‐of‐Concept
Authors: Navarrete‐Ulloa Jairo A. , Munoz‐Rubke Felipe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEducational board games are a promising teaching method due to their low cost, playful, exploratory, and engaging nature. By drawing on analogical research, we created a game whose structure of spatial relationships mirrored the structure of rational numbers. We expected that children playing this game would improve their knowledge of fractions. We conducted a school intervention with an active control group and pretest‐posttest assessments to evaluate our board game. Playing this game promoted the learning of fractions, even after controlling for nonverbal cognitive abilities. This low‐cost educational game might help reduce the knowledge gap that separates less and more affluent children.
Effects of Preoperative Oral Electrolyte‐Carbohydrate Nutrition Supplement on Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Patients Receiving Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: He Yue , Tang Xiumei , Ning Ning , Chen Jiali , Li Peifang , Kang Pengde 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePatients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were primarily geriatric, with high risk of postoperative electrolyte disorders and malnutrition. Randomized controlled trials regarding oral nutrition supplement (ONS) strategies in TKA was sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative oral electrolyte‐carbohydrate nutrition supplement (OECNS) on patients (aged >65 years) undergoing TKA.MethodsFrom April 2019 to January 2020, 94 patients undergoing primary elective unilateral TKA in our hospital were considered in this prospective randomized controlled study. This study included patients aged over 65 years with ASA I‐III, and excluded patients with electrolyte disorders, malnutrition, and comorbidities. The control group (control group) received meal nutrition supplements (preoperative 6 h [Pre 6h]) and water (Pre 2h), while OECNS group (intervention group) received meal nutrition supplements (Pre 6h) and OECNS (Pre 2). The Student's t test and χ2 test was used. The primary outcomes were the patient‐reported comfort indicators (PRCIs) including hunger, thirst, nausea, vomiting, weakness, pain, anxiety, and general comfort. The secondary outcomes included indicators of electrolyte, nutrition, functional scores, clinical results, and complications.ResultsThe scores of preoperative hunger (0.43 ± 0.10), pain (2.30 ± 0.34), and anxiety (9.04 ± 2.71) were significantly lower in OECNS group compared with control group (hunger, 1.19 ± 0.21; pain, 3.79 ± 0.26; anxiety, 11.21 ± 3.02) (Pre 1h) (all p < 0.05) as well as the weakness score on the first postoperative day (POD1) (OECNS group 3.57 ± 0.24; control group 5.15 ± 0.29; p < 0.001). A higher level of Na + (OECNS group 140.54 ± 3.39; control group 138.07 ± 5.21; p = 0.008) and a reduced rate of hyponatremia (OECNS group 6.4%; control group 21.3%; p = 0.036) on POD1 were found. Moreover, the higher level of blood glucose (Post 2h) and reduced rates of abnormal blood glucose (Pre 2h, Post 6h) were verified in control group (all p < 0.05). There was no significant difference regarding the other outcomes.ConclusionThe administration of OECNS significantly improved subjective comfort, electrolytes, and blood glucose without increasing the rates of complications in patients (aged over 65 years) undergoing TKA.
Increasing temperature and vapour pressure deficit lead to hydraulic damages in the absence of soil drought
Authors: Schönbeck Leonie C. , Schuler Philipp , Lehmann Marco M. , Mas Eugénie , Mekarni Laura , Pivovaroff Alexandria L. , Turberg Pascal , Grossiord Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTemperature (T) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) are important drivers of plant hydraulic conductivity, growth, mortality, and ecosystem productivity, independently of soil water availability. Our goal was to disentangle the effects of T and VPD on plant hydraulic responses. Young trees of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus pubescens Willd. and Quercus ilex L. were exposed to a cross‐combination of a T and VPD manipulation under unlimited soil water availability. Stem hydraulic conductivity and leaf‐level hydraulic traits (e.g., gas exchange and osmotic adjustment) were tracked over a full growing season. Significant loss of xylem conductive area (PLA) was found in F. sylvatica and Q. pubescens due to rising VPD and T, but not in Q. ilex. Increasing T aggravated the effects of high VPD in F. sylvatica only. PLA was driven by maximum hydraulic conductivity and minimum leaf conductance, suggesting that high transpiration and water loss after stomatal closure contributed to plant hydraulic stress. This study shows for the first time that rising VPD and T lead to losses of stem conductivity even when soil water is not limiting, highlighting their rising importance in plant mortality mechanisms in the future.
Associations of neural error‐processing with symptoms and traits in a dimensional sample recruited across the obsessive–compulsive spectrum
Authors: Riesel Anja , Härpfer Kai , Thoma Lars , Kathmann Norbert , Klawohn Julia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN), a neural response to errors, has been associated with several forms of psychopathology and assumed to represent a neural risk marker for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders. Yet, it is still unknown which specific symptoms or traits best explain ERN variation. This study investigated performance‐monitoring in participants (N = 100) recruited across a spectrum of obsessive–compulsive characteristics (n = 26 patients with OCD; n = 74 healthy participants including n = 24 with low, n = 24 with medium, and n = 26 with high OC‐characteristics). Several compulsivity‐ and anxiety‐associated characteristics were assessed and submitted to exploratory principal axis factor analysis. Associations of raw measures and derived factors with ERN and correct‐related negativity (CRN) were examined. Patients with OCD showed increased ERN amplitudes compared to healthy participants. The ERN was associated with a variety of traits related to anxiety and negative affect. Factor analysis results revealed a most prominent association of the ERN with a composite measure of anxiety and neuroticism, whereas the CRN was specifically associated with compulsivity. Results support differential associations for the ERN and CRN and demonstrate that a dimensional recruitment approach and use of composite measures can improve our understanding of characteristics underlying variation in neural performance monitoring.