bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase 1, Dose-Ranging Study to Assess Safety and Psychoactive Effects of a Vaporized 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Formulation (GH001) in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Reckweg J. , Mason N. , Van Leeuwen C. , Tönnes S. , Terwey T. , Ramaekers J. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)
is a tryptamine with ultra-rapid onset and short duration of psychedelic effects. Prospective studies for other tryptamines have suggested beneficial effects on mental health outcomes.ObjectivesIn preparation for a study in patients with depression, the present study GH001-HV-101 aimed to assess the impact of four different dose levels of a novel vaporized 5-MeO-DMT formulation (GH001) administered via inhalation as single doses, and in an individualized dose escalation regimen on the safety, tolerability, and the dose-related psychoactive effects in healthy volunteers (n=22). Further, we aimed to assess the impact on cognitive functioning, mood, and well-being.MethodsThe psychedelic experience was assessed with a novel Peak Experience Scale (PES), the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ), the Ego Dissolution Inventory (EDI), the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), and the 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC).Results5-MeO-DMT produced dose-related increments in the intensity of the psychedelic experience ratings on all questionnaires, except the CEQ. Prominent effects were observed following single doses of 6, 12, and 18 mg on PES and MEQ ratings, while maximal effects on PES, MEQ, EDI, and 5D-ASC ratings were observed following individualized dose escalation of 5-MeO-DMT. Measures of cognition, mood, and well-being were not affected. Vital signs at 1 and 3 h after administration were not affected and adverse events were generally mild and resolved spontaneously.ConclusionsIndividualized dose escalation of 5-MeO-DMT may be preferable over single dose administration for clinical applications that aim to enhance the short-term psychoactive effects to elicit a strong therapeutic response.DisclosureThis study was funded by GH Research PLC, Dublin, Ireland.
Nitrous Oxide in Treatment Resistant Major Depression: Should We Laugh About It?
Authors: Leal B. , Vila-Chã D. , Garcia S. , Pinto I. , Mateiro R. , Avelino M. , Martins M. , Salgado J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNitrous oxide (NO), also known as “laughing gas” is a colorless gas used as an anesthetic, a propellant in some foods, an engine performance enhancer and a recreational drug. When inhaled, it is known to provoke a rapid feeling of euphoria or excitement for a short period of time, dissociative phenomena and sometimes laughter. As its fellow anesthetic agent and NMDA-receptor antagonist, ketamine, NO is being studied for its possible therapeutic profile in treatment resistant major depression (TRMD).ObjectivesTRMD is a serious illness, that urges for effective alternative treatments. In that regard, we explored the recent studies conducted in these patients, using NO in different dosages when compared to placebo.MethodsThe authors revised the published literature about this topic, selecting relevant articles with the topic words: “Depression”, “Treatment Resistant Major Depression” and “Nitrous Oxide” in scientific data base.ResultsSince 2018, at least two randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that NO has considerable antidepressant effects in TRMD, when compared to placebo. Investigators noted that these positive effects where maintained at least for two weeks after a single 1-hour inhalation. In a more recent study, scientists compared different NO concentrations (25% vs. 50%) concluding that the 25% concentration had similar efficacy with a lower risk of adverse effects.ConclusionsThere appears to be encouraging results when treating patients with TRMD with NO in a 25% concentration. Nonetheless, there is need for further investigation, namely through studies that compare NO with other valid TRMD treatments and not only versus placebo.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Knowledge and attitudes toward repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for postpartum and peripartum depression
Authors: Al-Shamali H. , Zinchuk N. , Yan R. , Jackson M. , Morrissette M. , Greenshaw A. , Zhang Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPostpartum and peripartum depression are debilitating disorders that impact the mother and their ability to care for their children’s emotional, social, and physical needs. Current treatments include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. These treatments are moderately effective or come with side effects that can negatively impact mother and child. As a result, many mothers view some treatments as unacceptable while pregnant or breastfeeding. Over the last decade, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise as an effective and safe treatment option for postpartum and peripartum depression. However, little is known regarding people’s knowledge and attitudes towards this emerging technology, with no research assessing this in Canada.ObjectivesWe aim to identify gaps in knowledge and to assess attitudes toward rTMS as a treatment for postpartum and peripartum depression in mental health professionals, patients, and the general public living in Canada.MethodsA mixed methods study design will be employed. The qualitative portion will consist of individual semi-structured interviews. An inductive thematic analysis will be completed. The quantitative portion will consist of an anonymous, self-administered survey shared through REDCap. Focus groups with rTMS experts will be conducted to inform survey creation.ResultsNo resulst at this time.ConclusionsUnderstanding gaps in knowledge and attitudes toward rTMS is the first step toward ensuring that everyone is well informed and able to access safe and effective treatments. With limited treatment options available to a postpartum and/or peripartum depression patients being well informed on all treatments is crucial towards accessing treatments that best suit their needs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Academic Mentoring for Psychiatric Trainees During the Pandemic
Authors: Rojnic Kuzman M. 
Published: September 2022

In most academic settings, mentoring students is a part of the activities of the academic staff. Usually, associate professors, assistant professors and professors are required to mentor graduate and postgraduate students, and in some academic settings postgraduate students are required to mentor junior students. In psychiatric clinical settings, mentoring also extends to the supervision and evaluation of clinical work of postgraduate psychiatric trainees, usually for different parts of the psychiatric training. Depending on the local organisation of academic and clinical work, numbers of mentees per one mentor as well as description of activities may vary greatly across regions. Nevertheless, “mentoring” is not systematically taught and evaluated in the majority of systems but is infrequently self-taught. The situation of COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the first wave, has created a new situation which needed quick adaptations in many of the fields of the academic work, mentoring included. In this presentation, these new situations and lessons learnt will be presented and discussed from the point of the academic centre in Croatia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Lennox-Gastaut and Schizophrenia: Comorbidity or complication?
Authors: Bencharfa Z. , Amara Y. , Tbatou L. , Belbachir S. , Ouanass A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) belongs to the group of severe childhood epileptic encephalopathies and represents 1 to 2% of all childhood epilepsies.It is characterized by the occurrence of generalized epileptic seizures, characterized by a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram; slowed mental development and personality disorders.This syndrome appears between the ages of 2 and 7 years, and its management remains difficult, as it is generally refractory to conventional treatment.The long-term prognosis of this syndrome is poor, marked by the presence of periods of regression of cognitive functions, the appearance of frontal or even psychotic signs and extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs.ObjectivesWe will try trow a clinical case, to discuss the evolution of Lennox Gastaut syndrome towards schizophrenia, which remains an infrequent complication, and to determine what would be the adequate management of these patients?MethodsWe report the case of a 16-year-old patient,followed for Lennox Gastaut syndrome since the age of 03, who presented to the psychiatric emergency room for psychomotor agitation, geophagia and altered general condition. The admission interview showed a patient with motor instability, disorganized speech, delusional persecution syndrome, auditory and intrapsychic hallucinations, suicidal ideations in the context of mental automatism, impaired judgment and insight, and insomnia.The blood tests and the brain CT scan came back without any particularities.ResultsThe patient was put on Risperidone, Valproate sodium, Lamotrigine and Clobazam, with good clinical evolution.ConclusionsThe cognitive consequences are catastrophic, 85 to 92% of the patients have a progressive cognitive deterioration, in spite of the reduction of the frequency of the seizures and the improvement of the paroxysmal EEG anomalies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Multiple inpatient admissions for cannabis-induced psychotic disorder - sociodemographic, clinical and treatment evaluation
Authors: Machado A.S. , Elias De Sousa A. , Andrade F. , Vieira-Coelho M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCurrent evidence contradicts the idea that cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) has an overall benign prognosis, with up to half of these patients being with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder later in life.ObjectivesTo characterize sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and treatment plan of inpatients with multiple admissions for CIPD over a one-year period, compared to those with a single admission.MethodsRetrospective observational study of inpatient episodes with CIPD between january 1st 2018 and september 30th 2021 in a tertiary psychiatric inpatient unit. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 27.0.ResultsOur sample included 80 inpatients, 15 (18.8%) with multiple admissions for CIPE within one year period and 65 (81.3%) with a single admission. The multiple admissions group had a median of 1 ±0,915 admissions within the same year. Being readmitted for CIPE was associated with outpatient compulsory treatment at discharge (OR 3,01 (95% CI 1,27-7,18, p=0,034). These patients had 3.14 higher odds of future admissions to psychiatry unit (CI 95% 1.70-5.78, p<0.001). We found no statistically significant differences regarding the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, daily vs. occasional use of cannabis in patients with multiple admissions for CIPE.ConclusionsPatients with multiple admissions for CIPD tend to have more relapses and require assertive treatment measures. However, they did not differ regarding the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics studied from patients with single admissions. This suggests that additional assessment of these patients might be important to predict the course of the disease.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Attachment style, ways of coping with stress and life attitudes by MSM who are active chemsex users
Authors: Kaluzny P. , Kowalczyk R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe research was carried out in Poland between 7-19 March 2021 with the help of online questionnaire on a group of 183 male aged 18-20. The subjects were divided into two age groups: 18-29 and 30-40. The second division are chemsex and non chemsex users.ObjectivesObjective of this research was to test whether attachment styles, ways of coping with stress and feeling of sense of life influence the risk of overusing chemsex in MSM groups aged 18-29 and 30-40.MethodsOnline questionnaire composed of demographics and 3 psychological tests: Ways of Attachment Questionnaire (Polpa 2008) Ways of Coping Questionaire (polish adaptation by P. Szczepaniak, J. Strelau, K. Wrześniewski) Life Attitude Profile - Revised (polish adaptation by R. Klamut)ResultsExaminated chemsex users, based on life attitudes analysis, tend to lead a strongly oriented life, are convinced of having clear and well-defined goals. In terms of dealing with stress they are presenting focused-on-task style, they exhibit lowered levels of avoidant style than normally characteristic for addicts. The research did not reveal any connection between chemsex users and attachment styles.ConclusionsThe research did not allow to clearly point out any connections between risk factors and chemsex usage. During data analysis some weak links occurred, nevertheless too weak to state any risk factors. As results of carried out research it was possible to determine some models, which marked some specific values, obtained on given scales, and following connections between heightening and lowering chance of chemsex usage.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A Case Report of Kratom-Induced Psychiatric Decompensation
Authors: Garrels E. , Gill G. , Mitra S. , Korenis P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionKratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an herb found in South East Asia belonging to the Rubiacea family, the active constituents being Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Sold as a dietary supplement in the form of a leaf, tablet, and powder, it has been gaining popularity as a natural supplement to alleviate pain, anxiety, depression, and manage opioid withdrawal symptoms. Our case report centers around a patient encountered with high-dose Kratom use who presented to our Psychiatric ER with psychosis.ObjectivesThe objectives of this case report are to raise awareness regarding the use of a newly popular substance easily available over-the-counter and the potential impacts it has on mental health.MethodsPubMed was searched for the criteria Kratom AND Intellectual Disability, with a secodary search for Kratom AND Psychosis.ResultsA 29-year-old male with a past psychiatric history of Schizoaffective Disorder, Borderline Intellectual Functioning, Polysubstance Use, ADHD, and six prior suicide attempts was brought to the Psychiatric ED by ambulance activated by his mother for severe psychiatric decompensation following ingestion of 270 pills of Kratom over the course of three days.ConclusionsThis case report further increases awareness of the dangers of Kratom use as well as brings to light the psychoactive properties of Kratom. This case report exposes areas where research can further expand understanding regarding the impacts Kratom can have on psychiatric populations.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) among psychiatric emergency patients at the emergency unit of a university hospital in Belgium (UZ Leuven) . A longitudinal approach with data from 2003-2015
Authors: Van Eldere L. , Claes S. , Voorspoels W. , Yurdadon C. , Sabbe M. , Bruffaerts R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSuicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are a serious public health problem. Suicide prevention programs have been established over the years but many people who are suicidal do not seek treatment, and when they do they will end up in low-threshold sectors such as the Emergency Department in general hospitals. Previous studies about STB are mostly narrative, rather than a date-driven approach and limited in sample size.ObjectivesThe main goal of this study is to describe the prevalence and evolution of STB (ideation, plan or attempt) of the psychiatric patient referred to the Emergency Department of the University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Leuven, Belgium) over a 12 year period.MethodsDuring a 12 year period (2003-2015), all patients with a psychiatric referral to the Psychiatric Emergency Room (PER) of the University Hospital Gasthuisberg (Leuven, Belgium) were included (N˜25.000). We use descriptive statistics to summarize the data set, focusing on STB in terms of raw numbers, symptoms at referral, mental disorders and demographic characteristics.ResultsAround 1/9 patients presents with suicide attempt; another 1/5 with suicidal thoughts. STB accounts for 35% of psychiatric primary complaints at the PER. Women were more likely to present with STB. The proportion of STB referrals remains stable over the years.ConclusionsDespite several reforms in mental health care, the PER remains a major entry point into mental healthcare for large proportions of STB patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicide behaviour and Problematic Internet Use
Authors: Ortuño-Sierra J. , Lucas Molina B. , Gutiérrez A. , Aritio Solana R. , Pérez-Albéniz A. , Fonseca Pedrero E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe use of internet among children and adolescent has risen in the last decade. In addition, suicide is the second cause of death among adolescents. Previous research have indicated the relation between Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and different mental health problems. Nonetheless there is a lack of studies analyzing the relation between suicide behaviour and PIUObjectivesThe main objective of the present work was to analyze the relation between Problematic Internet Use and suicide behaviour and depression in adolescentsMethodsA total of 1036 adolescents (450 males) were randomly selected. Mean age was 15,21 (SD = 1,23). The Adolescent Behavioural Suicide Scale SENTIA, The Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale Short Form (RADS-SF), and The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) were used. A Manova was performed with two groups (risk and non-risk to PIU) as independent variables and suicide and depression scores as dependent variablesResultsThe results revealed a statiscally signifficant association between PIU and both depression and suicide behaviour (λ = 0.245, F(2,81,000) = 15.549, P ≤ 0.001, η² = 0.116). In particular, adolescents at a higher risk for PIU obtained higher scores on suicide behaviours and depression.ConclusionsResults found in the present study reveal that adolescents have moderate prevalence rates for PIU. Also adolescents at risk for PIU with a total of more than 3 hour sof internet use everyday were at a higher risk for suicide. Prevention strategies should be devote to intervene in internet use as it maybe a variable affecting suicide behaviour.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Boredom, loneliness and modern type depression in a cohort of Italian university students
Authors: Orsolini L. , Bellagamba S. , Longo G. , Tempia Valenta S. , Salvi V. , Volpe U. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19-related physical isolation, fear and anxiety determined de novo mental illnesses, by potentially facilitating the emergence of Hikikomori traits (i.e., a severe social withdrawal condition).ObjectivesThe present study aims at screening a cohort of university students for the Hikikomori traits and assessing a set of psychopathological determinants associated with Hikikomori, particularly boredom and loneliness dimensions.MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey was carried out by administering Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-11), Italian Loneliness Scale (ILS), Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).Results1,148 respondents (767 women and 374 men, mean age: 23.2±SD=2.8 years old) were recruited. 70.7% declared to have experienced psychological distress. HQ-11 average total score was 18.4±SD=7.5 with statistically significant higher values in the males (p=0.017) and amongst students studying Informatics, Mathematics/Physics/Chemistry, Science of Communication and Engineering. The HQ-11 positively correlated with ILS (r=0.609), MSBS (r=0.415), TAS-20 (r=0.482) and DASS-21 (r=0.434).ConclusionsThis study represents the first screening of the Hikikomori phenomenon in Italian university students. Hikikomori traits appear to be particularly represented in the Italian youth population and should be carefully investigated in future studies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Tattooing and piercing are associated with symptoms of ADHD: A cross-sectional study of non-clinical adults
Authors: Glans M. , Bejerot S. , Dossou Nilsson J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPrevious studies suggest that individuals with tattoos and piercings exhibit higher impulsive personality traits compared to peers without body modifications. No studies on body modifications and core-symptoms of ADHD are available.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare self-reported ADHD symptoms between non-clinical adults with and without body modifications.MethodsA non-clinical adult Swedish population (n=815) completed the Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-v1.1) and answered questions concerning body modification. ADHD diagnosis served as exclusion criterion. Three grouping variables were analysed separately; tattoo status, piercing status and a combination of having both tattoo and piercing. Linear regression compared mean ASRS total- and subscale scores between individuals with and without body modification according to each grouping variable, while adjusting for candidate covariates age and sex.ResultsThe prevalence of each body modification variable was; 30% for tattoo, 18% for piercing other than earlobe and 12% for combination of tattoo and piercing. Any combination of body modification was associated with significantly higher ASRS total- and subscale scores compared to no body modification. The most pronounced differences between groups were for the combination of tattoo and piercing, and on the hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) subscale; revealing adjusted mean differences of 4.3 points (range 0-72) on the ASRS-total score (p <0.001) and 2.6 points (range 0-36) on the ASRS HI subscale (p <0.001).ConclusionsBody modification was associated with more pronounced ADHD core symptoms amongst non-clinical adults. Although statistically significant, the clinical significance is uncertain. The prevalence rates of body modifications in our cohort indicate that they are becoming cultural normal.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Social support and prenatal mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tilahune A. , Peng W. , Adams J. , Sibbritt D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPregnancy is a time of profound physical and emotional change as well as an increased risk of mental health problems. Providing social support is vital to reduce such risk.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at examining the relationship between social support and depression, anxiety and self-harm during pregnancy.MethodsWe searched observational studies from PubMed, Psych Info, MIDIRS, SCOPUS, and CINAHL databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool was used for quality appraisal. The Q and the I² statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity. A random-effects model was used to pool estimates. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test and adjusted using trim and Fill analysis. All the analysis was conducted using STATA.ResultsSixty-seven studies with 64,449 pregnant women were part of the current review. Of the total 67 studies, 22 and 45 studies were included in the narrative analysis and meta-analysis, respectively. From the studies included in the narrative analysis, 20(91%) of them reported a significant association between social support and the risk of mental health problems (i.e. depression, anxiety, and self-harm). After adjusting for publication bias, the results of the random-effect model revealed low social support was significantly associated with antenatal depression (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.41) and antenatal anxiety (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.92).ConclusionsLow social support was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and self-harm during pregnancy. Policy-makers and those working on maternity care should consider the development of targeted social support programs to help reduce mental health problems amongst pregnant women.DisclosureNo significant relationships.