bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular macrophages are recruited during a narrow time window by fetal Sertoli cells to promote organ-specific developmental functions
Authors: Gu Xiaowei , Heinrich Anna , DeFalco Tony 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile macrophages are most commonly known for their roles in innate immunity, a growing body of evidence supports the idea that fetal-derived tissue-resident macrophages play developmental roles during organogenesis. In the testis, it has long been proposed that macrophages are important players in steroidogenesis and other testicular functions, but which macrophage populations are involved is unclear. We previously showed that macrophages play critical roles in fetal testis morphogenesis and reported the presence of 2 unique adult testicular macrophage populations, interstitial and peritubular. There has been some debate regarding the hematopoietic origins of testicular macrophages and whether distinct macrophage populations promote specific testicular functions. Here we have undertaken an extensive lineage-tracing study of mouse hematopoietic cells. We found that, while yolk-sac-derived macrophages comprise the earliest testicular macrophages, fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to monocytes that colonize the gonad during a narrow time window in mid-gestation, after which time HSCs no longer contribute to testicular macrophages. These long-lived monocytes, over the course of fetal and postnatal life, differentiate into testicular macrophages. Our data indicate that Sertoli cells, and not germ cells, are required for recruitment of immune cells and peritubular macrophage differentiation. Finally, we show that yolk-sac-derived macrophages and HSC-derived macrophages play distinct roles in testis cord morphogenesis, whereas interstitial macrophages promote adult Leydig cell proliferation and steroid production. Overall, our findings offer clarity regarding the origins of testicular macrophages and provide insight into the diversity of their tissue-specific developmental roles.
Generalisation of early learned tutor song preferences in female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Wei Jing , Liu Quanxiao , Riebel Katharina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSong learning is a prime example for a culturally transmitted mating signal. Local or individual song variants are socially learned early in life and adults sing and prefer these songs. An unresolved issue in this context is the question of how learned preferences for specific variants generalise to songs sufficiently similar to the original model. Here we asked whether female zebra finches would generalise early learned song preferences along a similarity gradient based on syllables sharing between test and tutor songs. For each female, this gradient consisted of their tutor’s (father’s) song (F), two variants of unfamiliar songs edited to share 2/3 (F2/3) and 1/3 (F1/3) of syllables with father’s song and an unfamiliar song (UF). Females’ preferences were measured in a 4-way operant choice arena where the birds could perch on different operant perches to trigger playbacks of the four different songs. Number and duration of perch visits were positively associated with the number of syllables that the assigned stimuli shared with fathers’ songs. These results suggest that female zebra finches generalise early learned song preferences to songs sharing syllables (and/or voice characteristics) with songs learned early in life.
A new microbiological weapon against lepidopteran pests
Authors: Martemyanov Vyacheslav V. , Akhanaev Yuriy B. , Belousova Irina A. , Pavlusin Sergey V. , Yakimova Maria E. , Kharlamova Daria D. , Ageev Alexander A. , Golovina Anna N. , Astapenko Sergey A. , Kolosov Alexey V. , Ananko Grigory G. , Taranov Oleg S. , Shvalov Alexander N. , Bodnev Sergey A. , Ershov Nikita I. , Grushevaya Inna V. , Tymofeev Maxim A. , Tokarev Yuri S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNowadays researchers provide more and more evidence that it is necessary to develop an ecologically friendly approach to pest control. This is reflected in a sharp increase in the value of the biological insecticide market in recent decades. In our study, we found a virus strain belonging to the genus Cypovirus (Reoviridae); the strain was isolated from Dendrolimus sibiricus: that possesses attractive features as a candidate for mass production of biological agents for lepidopteran-pest control. We describe morphological, molecular, and ecological features of the new Cypovirus strain. This strain was found to be highly virulent to D. sibiricus (half-lethal dose is 68 occlusion bodies per second-instar larva) and to have a relatively wide host range (infects representatives of five families of Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Sphingidae, Pieridae, Noctuidae, and Lasiocampidae). The virus strain showed a strong interaction with a nontoxic adjuvant (optical brightener), which decreased the lethal dose for both main and alternative hosts, decreased lethal time, and may expand the host range. Moreover, we demonstrated that the insecticidal features were preserved after passaging through the most economically suitable host. By providing strong arguments for possible usefulness of this strain in pest control, we call on virologists, pest control specialists and molecular biologists to give more attention to the Cypovirus genus, which may lead to new insights in the field of pest control research and may provide significant advantages to compare with baculoviruses and Bacillus thuringiensis products which are nowadays main source of bioinsecticides.Significance statementWithin this article we are describing unique set of features of newly discovered cypovirus strain which possess by significant premises for modern biological insecticides requirements: high potency, universality, true regulating effect, flexible production (possibility to choose host species for production), interaction with enhancing adjuvants, ecologically friendly. Basing on genome alignment we suggest that increasing of host range of new strain is the sequence of evolutionary event which was occurred after coinfection of different CPV species within same host. This finding open new perspective to consider CPVs as perspective agent of biocontrol products.
Antigenicity is preserved with fixative solutions used in human gross anatomy: A mice brain immunohistochemistry study
Authors: Frigon Ève-Marie , Dadar Mahsa , Boire Denis , Maranzano Josefina 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundHistology remains the gold standard to assess human brain biology, so ex vivo studies using tissue from brain banks are standard practice in neuroscientific research. However, a larger number of specimens could be obtained from gross anatomy laboratories. These specimens are fixed with solutions appropriate for dissections, but whether they also preserve brain tissue antigenicity is unclear. Therefore, we perfused mice brains with solutions used for human body preservation to assess and compare the tissue quality and antigenicity of the main cell populations.Methods28 C57BL/6J mice were perfused with: 4% formaldehyde (FAS, N=9), salt-saturated solution (SSS, N=9), and alcohol-solution (AS, N=10). The brains were cut into 40μm sections for antigenicity analysis and were assessed by immunohistochemistry of four antigens: neuronal nuclei (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP-astrocytes), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule1 (Iba1-microglia), and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). We compared the fixatives according to multiple variables: perfusion quality, ease of manipulation, tissue quality, immunohistochemistry quality, and antigenicity preservation.ResultsThe perfusion quality was better using FAS and worse using AS. The manipulation was very poor in SSS brains. FAS and AS fixed brains showed higher tissue and immunohistochemistry quality than the SSS brains. All antigens were readily observed in every specimen, regardless of the fixative solution.ConclusionSolutions designed to preserve specimens for human gross anatomy dissections also preserve tissue antigenicity in different brain cells. This offers opportunities for the use of human brains fixed in gross anatomy laboratories to assess normal or pathological conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroscientists currently obtain tissue samples from brain banks. Alternatively, a much larger amount of tissue may be obtained from bodies donated to gross anatomy laboratories. However, they are preserved with different fixative solutions that are used for dissection purposes. We ignore if these solutions also preserve antigenicity of the main cell populations, essential in neuroscientific research. This work is the first to show that two solutions currently used in human gross anatomy laboratories preserve sufficient histological quality, in addition to preserve antigenicity of the main cell populations of the mice brain. This work opens the door to the use of human brain tissue obtained from anatomy laboratories in neuroscientific research.
Exploring kin and family support to young firms in Ethiopia
Authors: Kar Brajaballav , Ahmed Yimer Ayalew 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study aims to compare the outcome of support extended by the family and kin for new firms. The authors specially consider business performance, challenges, demography and personality traits of entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was used to collect responses on the socio-demography aspects of the entrepreneur, family, kin, business performance, personality traits and perceived challenges were collected from 350 young entrepreneurs of South Wollo province of Ethiopia. The ANOVA test for continuous variables and the Krukal–Walis test for nominal variables were conducted to find differences across eight groups with family and kin, their occupation (business/non-business) and extended support (yes/no).FindingsOnly 40% of entrepreneurs reported support, non-business families support entrepreneurial effort more compared to business families. Support is associated with perceived business performance and sociocultural challenges, but not with revenue. Entrepreneurs with less age, education and prior experience received more support compared to others. Entrepreneurs with higher need-for-achievement traits reported less support. Interestingly, entrepreneurs from business backgrounds are likely to perform better, with or without support.Research limitations/implicationsThe extension of support to entrepreneurship depends on socioeconomic, demography, or personality-related factors and their interactions. The study did not investigate support from peers, an extended network, or the nature of support.Social implicationsFamily and kin support influences entrepreneurial persistence, overcoming the sociocultural challenges and arresting quit intention among entrepreneurs at the initial stages of a venture.Originality/valueThe influence of immediate family or a network represents extremes, overlooking the role of kin. This study fills this gap and extends understanding of the role of kin in the context of Ethiopian young entrepreneurs.
Perceptions and desires of Chinese senior outbound tourists receiving travel support from adult children: a qualitative study
Authors: Xiong Qi , Zheng Yalan , Gu Ruitong , Wen Jun , Li Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis qualitative study explores how Chinese senior outbound tourists perceive support from their adult children and what kinds of support they desire.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 26 participants. Transcribed interviews were analysed via thematic analysis.FindingsThis study captured the contradictory feelings of different types of Chinese senior outbound tourists (i.e. independent, neutral, and dependent) according to the degree of desire for support from their adult children. The results further identified the real desires among Chinese senior outbound tourists for children's attitudinal support, caring support, appropriate financial support, companionship, and timing support.Research limitations/implicationsSince this qualitative research is based on small samples with typical social and cultural characteristics, our research results only describe an existence. Our findings provide insight into the existence of the phenomenon, rather than allowing the results to be generalized to the wider population (Gramet al., 2019).Practical implicationsThe tourism industry could develop products to alleviate such feelings. Integrating the concept of filial piety into adult children's support for their parents' overseas travel can not only meet parents' expectations but also relieve parents' ambivalence. Destination operators and travel agencies could thus design mixed products targeting Chinese elderly parents and their adult children by providing activities for both generations. Purchasing behaviour represents a type of emotional and instrumental support for the elderly. Destination operators and travel agencies can also launch products suitable for in-depth outbound travel that cater to adult children's leisure travel while meeting the elderly's travel needs.Originality/valueThis study also extends both intergenerational support theory and intergenerational ambivalence theory regarding Chinese senior outbound tourists.
Effect of fluid distribution along the channel length on the cooling performance of microchannel heat sink
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Wang Shuangfeng , Liu Zhuming 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to conduct research on a new kind of division microchannel heat sink (D-MCHS), which can distribute cooling water along the channel-length direction. First, the pressure drops in the D-MCHS with different division region numbers were compared. Then, the cooling performance of the D-MCHS with different division region numbers was also comparatively investigated. Finally, the temperature distribution on the bottom surface of the D-MCHS was analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
First, experiments were conducted to investigate the numerical calculation method. Then, a three-dimensional steady, single-phase, laminar flow and solid-fluid conjugate heat transfer numerical model was used to research the flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels.

Findings
The pressure drop in the D-MCHS could be reduced by increasing the number of divided flow regions along the channel-length direction. The bottom average temperature of the D-MCHS could be simultaneously affected by the number of divided flow regions and the water flow rate. The thermal uniformity performance of the D-MCHS could be improved by increasing the number of division flow regions. The number of low-temperature and high-temperature areas on the bottom surface of the D-MCHS is corresponding to the division flow region number.

Originality/value
The D-MCHS exhibited a positive effect on the pressure drop decrease and thermal uniformity improvement. It not only keeps the electronic module working in a secure temperature environment but also consumes less pump power for a lower pressure drop.
Adaptation measures on hydrological risks and climate change impacts in urbanized sub-region, Thailand: a case study in lower Chao Phraya River basin
Authors: Chao-Amonphat Sutinee , Nitivattananon Vilas , Srinonil Sirinapha 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explain the existing adaptation practices in an urbanized sub-region in the lower Chao Phraya River basin (CPRB) across different scales and dimensions. It offers an overview of water hazards in urban areas along the river basin to discover ways to deal with and recover from hazards via understanding the implications of existing and potential practice for the mitigation of hydrological hazards.

Design/methodology/approach
First, this study collected current adaptation strategies and measures from interview, focus group discussion, workshop organization, etc. to get the current adaptation strategies/measures for the whole CPRB and each specific area. Second, this study identified a set of criteria for evaluation from review of current publications and official reports. Then, the current adaptation strategies/measures were examined through a set of criteria to obtain the current situation of existing practices. Finally, analysis of key challenges and opportunities was done to propose supporting guidelines to reduce hydrological risks and incorporate further adaptation measures needed to boost resilience in the area.

Findings
Adaptation methods should focus on mixed adaptation, which integrates structural, social, organizational and natural adaptation, and to develop multi-dimensional collaboration. The adaption strategy has restricted the usage of some technologies and technical know-how, particularly in the area of climate change. As a result, intentional adaptation to become more inventive is required, to reduce hazards and improve disaster-response capacity. The various adaptation measures should be more integrated or more adaptive and to achieve greater cohesion and mutual benefit of individual measures, such as community-based adaptation or community-driven slum upgrading.

Originality/value
Hydrological risks are wreaking havoc on social, economic and environmental elements, particularly river flood, flash flood and drought in the Asia-Pacific region. Twenty-two existing adaptation options were evaluated with evaluation criteria such as scales of risks/impacts reduction, benefits of environmental and socio-economic and institutional aspects. The findings highlight the current situation of existing practices, key challenges and opportunities, which emphasized on natural-based solutions, raising knowledge and awareness and lessons learned on adaptation of hydrological risks. The existing adaptation measures will be suggested as supporting guidelines and master plans to minimize the hydrological risks.
Attractiveness of wine region types: how less popular wine regions can attract wine tourists?
Authors: Harsányi Dávid , Hlédik Erika 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide greater understanding of attractiveness of different wine region types, especially less attractive wine regions. The paper examines the different wine tourist segments’ preferences towards wine region types.

Design/methodology/approach
The preferences of wine tourists were analysed based on an online self-administered survey with 8,552 respondents in Hungary. The wine regions were divided into four categories based on their wine and touristic attractiveness: wine dominant, touristic attraction dominant, complex and non-dominant wine regions. Wine region types were examined based on wine travel frequency and also by subjective wine expertise.

Findings
Wine tourist groups based on wine travel frequency and subjective wine expertise have significantly different preferences towards wine region types. Less attractive wine regions are more popular among frequent travellers and wine experts.

Practical implications
The outcome of this research highlights the importance of designing diverse marketing strategies depending on the wine region type. Less attractive wine regions and little-known wineries should focus on frequent travellers and wine experts and provide a complex and high standard experience, as these consumers are more open and have higher expectations of a travel destination.

Originality/value
The study revealed the different wine tourist preferences with regard to the various types of wine regions. Wine-related and non-wine-related aspects were studied in a complex manner.
Temporal variation in stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit in western riparian forests
Authors: Guo Jessica S. , Bush Susan E. , Hultine Kevin R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Increasing atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (D) can influence plant water and carbon uptake. However, growing season variation in stomatal responses to D among tree taxa has not been thoroughly quantified and therefore has not been well‐characterized in stomatal regulation models.

Using sap flux data from nine riparian species spanning a 600‐m elevation gradient in semi‐arid northern Utah, USA, we fit a time‐varying empirical model of stomatal conductance to D in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. The reference conductance (Gref, conductance at D = 1 kPa) term was modelled as a function of cumulative growing season D, which varied with site elevation.

Seven species exhibited Gref that varied significantly with cumulative growing season D, but the direction was not consistent among species. Two low‐elevation ring‐porous species, the invasive Tamarix ramosissima and Elaeagnus angustifolia, exhibited significantly positive correlation between Gref and cumulative D, such that standardized stomatal sensitivity (S) decreased during the season. Despite lower D at the mid‐ and high‐elevation sites, five diffuse‐porous native species exhibited progressively increasing sensitivity to D during the growing season.

Stomatal strategies exhibit seasonal trends that vary by environmental conditions (D) and functional traits (wood anatomy), which complicates the prediction of plant hydraulic function under increasing atmospheric drought. In the increasingly arid western United States, the progressively less sensitive stomatal behaviour of invasive taxa may hasten their dominance in riparian forests.

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Changing community dynamics and climate alter invasion risk of freshwater fishes historically found in invasion pathways of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Campbell Sara E. , Hubbard Justin A. G. , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimHere, we use an integrative, comprehensive risk assessment framework as a screening tool to evaluate how the invasion risk of previously failed introduced freshwater fish species, commonly found in the live‐trade pathway, will change under future climate‐change scenarios.LocationLaurentian Great Lakes, North America.MethodsThe 34 species screened for invasion risk previously failed to establish populations, likely due to poor environmental suitability, low propagule pressure, and/or biotic resistance from the recipient community, and are most commonly found in the increasingly important live‐trade pathway. Using established trait‐based models, we quantified the probability of establishment success and probability of having high ecological impact in the decade of first introduction and present‐day communities (2020) based on known species extirpations, introductions and establishments between 1870 and 2020. We completed a climate match analysis under future climate‐change scenarios based on 16 bioclimatic variables. This approach identified a list of species that should be prioritized in surveillance management.ResultsWe identified seven species that have an increased climate match with the region and an increased probability of establishment success. Five of these species have an increased probability of high ecological impacts. Twenty‐four species have a current probability of establishment success greater than 50% and 33 species have a current probability of high ecological impacts greater than 50%. Climate match was dynamic under future climate‐change scenarios with 14 species experiencing a better match between their native geographical range and the Laurentian Great Lakes region.Main conclusionsOur models identify and predict the invasion risk of non‐native freshwater fish species present in pathways relevant to the Great Lakes region and provide a comprehensive framework for future management that prioritize efforts to species of highest risk. This framework could be applied to different taxa, pathways, and/or ecosystems to estimate current and predicted invasion risk under multiple scenarios.