bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of eating disorders in adolescent girls in Siberia
Authors: Semenova N. , Slobodskaya H. , Rezun E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEating disorders (ED) are an urgent public health problem, however, many adolescents with clinical symptoms fail to meet stringent diagnostic criteria.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) and subthreshold eating disorders (SED) in adolescent girls.MethodsA cross-sectional study of girls attending secondary schools (n = 917) was carried out. The sample comprised of 18.3% early adolescents (aged 12-13), 51% middle adolescents (aged 14-15), and 30.6% late adolescents (aged 16-17). We used the Body Image and Eating Distress scale (Koskelainen et al., 2001) coded on a 1-3 scale. The answers were scored on a scale of 1-3. Adolescents scoring 12 or above on four items measuring body dissatisfaction were considered as dissatisfied with their bodies and were further divided into two subgroups: girls scoring 10 or above on three items measuring eating distress were considered as having ED, whereas girls scoring less than 10 were considered as having SED.ResultsThe prevalence of ED was 2.1% (CI 1.4-3.3), the prevalence of SED was 9.6% (CI 7.8-11.7). In early adolescence, the prevalence of SED was 1.6% (CI 0.9-2.7). In middle adolescence, the prevalence of SED was 5.1% (CI 3.9-6.7), the prevalence of ED was 0.9% (CI 0.5-1.8). In late adolescence, the prevalence of SED was 2.8% (CI 1.9-4.1), the prevalence of ED was 1.2% (CI 0.7-2.1).ConclusionsIn adolescent girls, the SED are 4.6 times commoner than overt above-threshold ED. During adolescence, the prevalence of SED decreases, while the prevalence of ED increases with age.DisclosureThe reported study was funded by grant RNF according to the research project № 21-15-00033
Epigenetic mechanisms and stress coping in mood disorders
Authors: Hogea L. , Ulucean A.M. , Nussbaum L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionExperimental data from both clinical and preclinical studies have unequivocally shown positive correlations between stress and depression, stress, depression and epigenetic changes.ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to analyze clinical trials on coping mechanisms and their interaction with epigenetic mechanisms in patients with mood disorders. Generally, we studied the interaction between these two mechanisms and its effects on the onset, recurrence and progression of these disorders.Methods109 articles were analyzed, of which 37 were considered relevant. 72 studies were excluded based on titles and abstracts. Regarding the coping mechanisms, 10 longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were selected. Longitudinal studies are defined here by a follow-up period longer than 6 months.ResultsThere is a consistent association in the literature between the degree of methylation of the NR3C1 gene, stress and affectivity disorders. The analyzed studies showed that methylation of the NR3C1 gene is associated with both stress and mood disorders. FKBP5 influences glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and stress response. SLC6A4 gene methylation has been systematically associated with stress and affectivity disorders. Higher BDNF methylation has also been found in people who report high levels of stress at work. The data collected suggest that SKA2 methylation may serve as a biomarker for certain features of depression, such as suicidal ideation, and is not directly involved in the etiology of mood disorders.ConclusionsThe results suggest that environmental stress and adversity in early childhood may change biological systems through epigenetic mechanisms and have long-term consequences, increasing the risk for unfavorable prognosis of mood disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Anorexia Nervosa as a Metabo-Psychiatric Disorder: Consequences for Assessment and Treatment in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Herpertz-Dahlmann B. , Seitz J. , Dahmen B. 
Published: September 2022

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) has the highest mortality of all psychiatric disorders. Patients who experience the onset of AN in their teens suffer on average 10 years from an eating or other mental disorder. Recently many clinicians in the US and Europe have addressed the inadequacy of treatment for this disabling disease which – at least in adult patients - is mainly based on individual psychotherapeutic interventions. Against the background of a recent GWAS and genetic correlations with other mental disorders, but also inverse correlations with important metabolic parameters such as fasting insulin and leptin new treatment strategies must be developed. This presentation wants to elucidate two different interventions, a biological strategy, and a more pragmatic treatment setting in the “real world”. The biological strategy refers to the gut-brain axis which has been shown to be severely affected in AN. Patients show a deep perturbation of the gut microbiome with no significant improvement with weight rehabilitation. Thus, additional ways must be found such as nutritional strategies (e.g., administration of pre- or probiotics, stool transfer) to probably improve the outcome of this disorder. In addition, inpatient treatment which is still the gold standard for treatment of AN in Europe, has not been proven to alter the long-term prognosis of AN. Consequently, other interventions such as home treatment which involve the family and interrupt eating disorder associated habits as disease preserving factors will be introduced and the results of a pilot study in adolescent AN be presented.DisclosureEuropean Commission/ERA NET Research Grant Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Policies of Research Grant North-Rhine-Westfalia, Germany Joint Federal Committee (GBA) Rese
Barriers to access cancer screening and treatment services in Germany
Authors: Baessler F. , Zafar A. 
Published: September 2022

Introductionindividual attitudes and structural inadequacies act as major barriers towards non-utilization of cancer screening and treatment offers in many high-income countries with subsidized public healthcare.ObjectivesOur interdisciplinary research group at Heidelberg University is studying the underlying individual perceptions, attitudes and experiences of age- and gender-specific barriers against cancer-related medical and psychosocial offers available in Germany.MethodsWe designed a mixed-methods, sequential explanatory study using two quantitative instruments to determine the most important age- and gender-specific barriers for non-patients and cancer patients and survivors. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews will be conducted via selective sampling to record participant opinions, experiences and expectations of using cancer-related health services.ResultsWe expect to identify and explain important personal barriers and facilitators related to the use of cancer screening and treatment offers. Further interviews with stakeholders in cancer healthcare, such as physicians, nurses and self-help groups will be conducted to complement data from the service-providers’ point of view. The results will be analyzed with behavioral and sociocultural theories to gain a deeper understanding of perceived and experienced barriers in accessing cancer care in Germany and to formulate recommendations for prospective targeted approaches and interventions.ConclusionsOur findings will be useful for facilitating knowledge transfer and policy dissemination to increase public awareness about cancer offers and improve participation rates. The results will be also used to develop an interprofessional teaching module in the medical curriculum as well as prepare and implement advanced training courses for medical professionals certified by the State Medical Association.DisclosureThis study is funded by Strube Stiftung Stuttgart.
Emigration intentionality among Tunisian interns and residents in medicine
Authors: Tabib F. , Guermazi F. , Zouari A. , Ben Abdallah M. , Hentati S. , Baati I. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEmigration is the act of leaving one’s country of nationality or habitual residence to settle in another nation. In Tunisia, this phenomenon is increasing in particular for doctors.ObjectivesEvaluating the intentionality of emigration among interns and medical residents in Tunisia while studying the factors related to it.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of interns and medical residents who participated in our study through the social network ’Facebook’ by an anonymous self-questionnaire. The level of satisfaction with the different aspects of life were assessed by a 5-point Likert scale, from “not at all satisfied” to “very satisfied”.ResultsThe total number of participants was 56 of which 64.3% were medical residents. More than 50% of the participants expressed dissatisfaction with the distribution of tasks and organization of work (66.1%), safety at work (53.6%), comfort (57.2%), time allocated to personal life (53.6%) and salary (69.6%). The political, health and educational situation in the country was considered unsatisfactory by the majority of participants (90% to 95%). Among our participants, 44.6% regretted having chosen the profession of medicine and 53.6% had plans to immigrate to work abroad. The intentionality of immigration was significantly higher among men (p=0.02), those with siblings abroad (p=0.047) and those without dependent relatives (p=0.040).ConclusionsYoung physicians are strongly looking for emigration. This decision could emanate from professional, personal and political factors. Further studies seem to be necessary to explain this emigration phenomenon.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
¿Do we prescribe less clozapine to immigrant psychotic patients compared to non-immigrant psychotic patients?
Authors: Trabsa A. , Mané A. , Llimona González A. , Vargas L. , Muro C. , Moreno A. , Amann B. , Pérez-Solà V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionClozapine, the first atypical antipsychotic, is a highly effective medication for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Robust evidence describes important risk for psychosis in immigrant population(2). Despite this, some studies suggest that immigrant patients are less treated and misdiagnosed due to cultural barriers(3,4). Clozapine and Electroconvulsive therapy tend to be less prescribed in immigrants(3). However, few studies assess differences in clozapine prescription between immigrants and non-immigrant psychotic inpatients.ObjectivesTo describe and compare clozapine prescription between psychotic patients and non-psychotic patients in a sample of Acute and Chronic inpatients.MethodsPatients who have presented, according to DSM-V criteria, one or more non-affective psychotic episodes, were recruited in Acute and Chronic inpatients units leading to a total sample of 198 patients. Immigrant condition was defined as “a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country”. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical data and main pharmacological treatment were recorded through a questionnaire. Comparative analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics using Chi-Square Test and t-Student
test.ResultsFrom a total of 198patients clozapine was prescribed to 31(15,7%). From the total immigrant sample only 7,1% had prescribed clozapine compared to 24,2% from the locals(p<0.005). Significant differences in diagnosis associated to clozapine were found between both groups : Schizophrenia(57,1%immigrants, 57,1%locals), Schizoaffective disorder(14,3%immigrants, 41,7%locals) and Non specific psychosis (28,3%immigrants, 8,3%locals).ConclusionsAccording to our results, immigrant psychotic inpatients receive less clozapine prescription compared to non-immigrant psychotic patients. There results should be considered to study barriers for clozapine prescription in this population and offer a treatment based in equality.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Are there differences in affective temperaments between patients with Bipolar I and II disorder?
Authors: Rodríguez Rey A. , Piazza F. , Montejo L. , Jiménez E. , Martínez-Arán A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder with a high genetic load, in which is relevant to identify potential differences in affective temperaments between both diagnostic subtypes.ObjectivesTo find differences between BDI and BDII patients in affective temperaments evaluated by Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego TEMPS-A.MethodsA sample of 407 euthymic patients with diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I (BDI= 307) or type II (BDII= 100) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria being age 18 or older was recruited from the Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Five affective temperaments were evaluated using the TEMPS-A. It was initially verified that the scores of these temperaments do not fulfil the assumption of normality by means of tests. Differences in means were estimated using Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests (p <0.05) as appropriate, and ANCOVA controlling the effect of confounding variables.ResultsData revealed that patients with BD II had significantly higher scores in four affective temperaments: dysthymic, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious compared to BDI. After controlling the most relevant moderating variables, BDII patients continued to show higher scores in irritable temperament .ConclusionsBDII patients present a more irritable temperament than BDI (p=0,037), which can affect the course and management of the disease. It could be suggested that presenting higher scores of these temperaments could be associated with BDII and further studies are needed to replicate this finding since it might help the clinicians in early phases to guide in the diagnostic process.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prevention program of emotional and behavioral disorders in children with developmental language delay
Authors: Leonova A. , Raeva T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe number of children with developmental language delay is growing. But the isolated use of speech therapy doesn’t always help to improve the long-term prognosis. It was found that developmental language delay is almost never the only violation of a child.ObjectivesTo develop the prevention program of emotional and behavioral disorders in children with developmental language delay.Methods100 children with developmental language delay (70 boys;
Mage= 26.9 months, SD = 5.5) and 50 children with typical language development were studied by clinical follow-up method. The clinical method was supplemented by the Bayley Scale, the Language Development Survey and the Child Behavior Checklist 1½ -5.ResultsA comprehensive children examination revealed developmental language delay risk factors, the psychomotor profile of the children, and the types of emotional and behavioral impairments, which were determined by us as: emotionally labile, emotionally detached and oppositional. The presence of subclinical disorders symptoms in children makes it necessary to carry out preventive measures. The primary prevention consists of pregnancy planning, effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. The secondary prevention aims to early diagnosis of developmental language delay, risk factors assessment of emotional and behavioral disorders and effective methods application of language and psychomotor development correction. Tertiary prevention have to individualized solves the children problems in accordance with revealed types of emotional and behavioral impairments. But the most important part is psychoeducation (special courses for parents and children with developmental language delay).ConclusionsThe prevention program was developed to prevent numerous psychiatric problems in childhood and adolescence.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pharmacogenetic CYP2D6 variability, phenoconversion and treatment outcomes: A Danish population-based cohort study in 6,798 individuals initiating atomoxetine treatment
Authors: Ishtiak-Ahmed K. , Lunenburg C. , Thirstrup J. , Clausen L. , Thomsen P. , Gasse C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAtomoxetine, a first-line treatment option for ADHD, is affected by pharmacogenetic (PGx) variation of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6. Despite the recommendation of CYP2D6 testing, the use of PGx-guided dosing remains low in Denmark.ObjectivesWe investigated wide-ranging clinical outcomes in atomoxetine users in association with PGx variability.MethodsWe analyzed 6,798 individuals (55% children) with a first prescription for atomoxetine identified from the Danish population-based iPSYCH case-cohort study linking biobank information with Danish registers. Individuals were categorized based on their single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based CYP2D6 genotype into normal (NM), intermediate (IM), and poor metabolizer (PM). Clinical outcomes included treatment switching, discontinuation, psychiatric inpatient-, outpatient-, and emergency contact, suicide attempt/self-harm, sleep problem, and depression. Individuals’ CYP2D6-status could change due to drug-drug-interactions of weak, intermediate, or strong-CYP2D6 inhibitors (phenoconversion), which we accounted for by time-varying phenotype assessment. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression analyses and adjusted for a wide range of potential confounders and covariates.ResultsOver two-thirds of the individuals had a hospital diagnosis of ADHD at the first atomoxetine prescription. The distribution of CYP2D6 phenotypes was similar in children and adults. IM/PM children had a significantly higher risk of a sleeping problem compared with NM children (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.54). Compared with NM adults, those with IM/PM had a higher risk of switching (1.15, 95% CI 0.98-1.35).ConclusionsThis is the first study showing the potential impact of PGx variability on clinical outcomes of atomoxetine users in a population-based setting, highlighting the utility of PGx testing.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Model-based and model-free decision making in major depressive disorder after performing behavioral training
Authors: Bampi A. , Sorg C. , Brandl F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn major depressive disorder (MDD), reward-based decision-making (DM) is frequently impaired: e.g. patients don’t engage in pleasant activities as much as healthy subjects. Put differently, previous and expected future rewards have less reinforcing effects on DM. This study investigated two experimentally well-observable reward-based DM modes, namely model-based (based on cognitive models of the environment) and model-free (based on previous experience) DM.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that model-based training can improve reward-based DM in patients with MDD. Answers to these questions could enhance the development of cognitive-behavioral therapeutic interventions.Methods27 patients with MDD were recruited and assessed with psychometry. All patients performed the „two-step Markov decision-task“ (Daw, 2011), which allows the simultaneous investigation of model-based and model-free DM via computational modelling. All subjects performed the task 4 times: at the beginning and at the end of 2 assessment days (session-interval: 4 days). Subjects were randomly allocated to an intervention group, which performed model-based training, and a control group, which performed model-free training. The main outcomes of training effect were the influence of model-based reward expectations on decisions (quantified by computational modelling parameters) and overall monetary reward-success.ResultsIn all patients, the influence of model-based reward expectations on decisions increased after training. However, there was no significant effect of group allocation. Furthermore, patients in the intervention group did not achieve significantly higher overall monetary reward.ConclusionsResults suggest that in MDD, the influence of model-based reward expectations on decisions can be improved regardless of specific training type. Future studies should investigate the effects on everyday functioning.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
What is Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Republic of Georgia?
Authors: Zirakashvili M. , Gabunia M. , Mebonia N. , Mikiashvili T. , Chvamania G. , Kurashvili E. , Nadareishvili V. , Bishop S. , Kim Y.S. , Leventhal B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite the fact that 95% of all <5 years of age children with developmental disabilities including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) live in low- and middle-income countries (LAMI), to date there is an information gap in LAMI studies including Republic of Georgia.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence and describe the clinical characteristics of ASDs among the third-grade school students using a total population approach.MethodsThe target population (N=27,336) included all 3rd grade students of schools of five main cities of Georgia. The study was conducted in four steps: phase I screening, sampling of screen positive students, phase II confirmative diagnostic assessment, and best-estimate diagnosis. Parents and teachers completed two screening questionnaires in phase I: 27-item Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and 25-item Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In phase II, screen-positive children were evaluated using standardized diagnostic assessments.ResultsOverall, 16,654 students (82%) were assessed by either parent and/or teacher. Students whose ASSQ and/or SDQ scores were in the top 10th percentile were considered as screened positive for diagnostic assessment (N=1976). Of 300 students completed diagnostic assessment 53 were diagnosed ASD. Crude prevalence of ASDs was estimated to be 4.5%. 75% of cases of ASD were first diagnosed. Efforts are currently underway to compute adjusted prevalence, which will be available for the Conference presentation.ConclusionsThe prevalence data of ASD is important to assess the burden of the disorder and facilitate better understanding of specifics of the disorder in different part of the world.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The sense of guilt of the mothers of children with special needs
Authors: Sedova E. , Tokmakova E. , Goryacheva T. , Gardanova Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe fact of emergence of a child with special needs in a family is followed by intensive emotional reaction of the parents. One of the pronounced feelings in those circumstances is the sense of guilt.ObjectivesThe research aim is studying the emotional experience of mothers of children with special needs connected with the sense of guilt and the characteristics of the parent-child relationship in such families.MethodsThe research sample includes 25 mothers of children with special needs in the age from 3 to 10 years old with the diagnosis ASD, cerebral palsy and epilepsy as well as 29 mothers of normally developing children of the same age. Research methods: Guilt Inventory (Jones &Kugler); Inventory of Parental Attitude (Varga &Stolin); Inventory of the Parent’s Psychological Type(Tkacheva).ResultsThe mothers of children with special needs show the more pronounced sense of guilt comparing with the mothers of the healthy children. They are less optimistic towards the future of the child, more sensible to the failures of the child, but demonstrate the higher degree of readiness to cooperation with the child. Those results can be applied when designing the intervention programs for the families of children with special needs.ConclusionsThose results can be applied when designing the intervention programs for the families of children with special needs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.