bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-hazards modeling using machine learning algorithms in Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Youssef Ahmed M. , Mahdi Ali M. , Al-Katheri Mohamed M. , Pouyan Soheila , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current study aimed at producing a multi-hazard risk map for Hasher-Fayfa Basin. The Basin is part of Jazan region in the southwestern Saudi Arabia and is distinguished by mountainous terrain. Recently, this area has experienced many extreme natural processes that become natural hazard events when it intersects with human activities (urban areas and infrastructures). This work is mapping the probabilities of three main hazards; landslides, floods, and gully erosion using machine learning algorithms named boosted regression tree (BRT), a generalized linear model (GLM), Flexible discriminant analysis (FDA), random forest (RF), and multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA). Several factors obtained from various sources, including topographical, geological, meteorological, hydrological, and human activities were incorporated to produce the final multi-hazard risk model. Area under the curve (AUC) was applied to identify the best predictive model for each natural hazard type. AUC values between 80 and 90% indicated that the model is very good and above 90% indicated that the model is excellent in predictive capability. Based on the accuracy evaluation, it was found that the FDAFDA model is the most accurate for predicting landslides with AUC values of (92.7%, excellent performance), RF model is the most accurate for predicting floods and erosion with AUC values of (97.2%-excellent and 83.3%-very good performance, respectively). Finally, multi-hazard risk map was prepared by coupling of the mentioned three hazards. Results showed that 33.5% of the total area is safe (no-hazard), whereas 66.5% is characterized by at least a single hazard and 2–32 − 3 hazard combination. Machine learning approaches are useful tools as baselines for management and mitigation processes, based on multi-hazard modeling. It could help planners and decision-makers to manage future human activities and expansions.
COVID-19, stigma, and habituation: Evidence from mobility data
Authors: Kurita Kenichi , Katafuchi Yuya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The Japanese government has restricted people’s going-out behavior by declaring the non-punitive state of emergency for several times under COVID-19. This study aims to analyze how multiple policy interventions that impose non-legally binding restrictions on behavior affect people’s going-out. Theory: This study models the stigma model of self-restraint behavior under the pandemic with habituation effects. The theoretical result indicates that the state of emergency’s self-restraint effects weaken with the number of times. Methods: The empirical analysis examines the impact of emergency declarations on going-out behavior using a prefecture-level daily panel dataset that includes Google’s going-out behavior data, the Japanese government’s policy interventions based on emergency declarations, and covariates that affect going-out behavior such as precipitation and holidays. Results: First, for multiple emergency declarations from the beginning of the pandemic to 2021, the effect of refraining from going-out was confirmed under emergency declarations in a model that did not distinguish the number of emergency declarations. Second, in the model that considers the number of emergency declarations, the effect of voluntary restraint on going-out was found to decrease with the number of declarations. Conclusion: These empirical analyses are consistent with the results of theoretical analyses, which show that people become more habituated to a policy intervention as the number of the interventions increases.
Academic Leadership in Physician Assistant Medical Education: A cross-sectional analysis of the association with Doctoral Degree, Gender, and Minority Status
Authors: Kibe Lucy W. , Kayingo Gerald , Klein Alicia , Schrode Katrina M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a critical need for a diverse pool of academic leaders to increase the number and diversity of the medical workforce. Physician Assistant (PA) is a growing medical profession. Although the master’s degree is the terminal degree for PAs, a growing number of PAs obtain a variety of doctoral degrees. However, there is no standardized training for academic PA leaders. This study characterizes PA academic leaders and examines the impact of doctoral degree credentials, gender, and minority status.Methods: Using the 2019 Physician Assistant Education Association Faculty and Directors survey, we assessed the relationship between academic leadership groups[1]: Program Director (PD); Academic Director (AD); and Clinical Director (CD) and demographic variables (gender, race, ethnicity, underrepresented minority in medicine (URIM) status); time-dependent variables; and doctoral degree. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the odds of being in a leadership role. Results with p< 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Of the 956 participants, 71% were female; 4%% Hispanic; 86% White; 4% Black, 2% Asian; 1% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander/American Indian/Alaska Native. Overall, 9% were URIM. Mean age was 45.6 (SD=10.2) years. Average time in PA education was 2.9 (SD=1.4). Approximately 50% (n=472) had a leadership role (PD-24%; AD-10%; CD-16%). Of all leaders, 68% were female, 9% were URIM, and 19% had a doctoral degree. Having a doctoral degree increased the odds of being a PD [AOR 2.38; CI [1.57-3.59]; p=< .0001; AD and CD =non-significant]. More time in PA education increased the odds of being a PD [[AOR [1.10; [1.07 - 1.12]; p=< 0.0001]] and AD [[AOR 1.06 [1.03 - 1.09]; p=< 0.0001]], but not a CD. Gender and URIM status were not significantly associated with leadership roles. URIMs had doctorate degrees at higher rates than non-URIMs.Conclusion: PA academic leaders differ by doctoral degree attainment but not by gender and URIM status. URIM faculty are grossly underrepresented in the PA professorate, but disproportionately have doctoral degrees. Academic training opportunities for all PA academic leaders and strategies to increase URIM faculty are needed.[1] Academic Directors and Clinical Directors may be titled Academic Coordinators and Clinical Coordinators respectively
Current management in the treatment of intramedullary ependymomas in children
Authors: Entenmann Christian Joachim , Mišove Adéla , Holub Miloslav , Zápotocký Michal , Sumerauer David , Tomášek Martin , Bradáč Ondřej ,   Vladimír Beneš 3rd
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose: Current management of pediatric intramedullary ependymoma is extrapolated from adult series since large studies in children are not available. This has led us to share our experience with this rare tumor and compare it to the literature; in order to review and highlight important aspects of current management and point out inconsistencies.Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with intramedullary ependymoma managed at our institution between 2004 and 2021.Results: During the study period 5 patients were treated for intramedullary ependymoma. Cases of myxopapillary ependymoma were excluded. The mean age of our cohort was 11,2 years. We identified 4 cases of grade II ependymoma and 1 case of grade III ependymoma. Gross tumor removal (GTR) was achieved in two patients (40%) of patients. One patient was treated with radiotherapy for recurrence and two patients received chemotherapy. There were no cases of recurrence among patients treated with GTR, but in all patients treated with STR. 80% of patients either improved or stayed stable neurologically. During follow-up (mean 73 months) 2 patients died of disease.Conclusion: GTR and tumor grade remain the key prognostic factor of long-term tumor-free survival. Many questions prevail with regards to outcomes, correct use of adjuvant therapy, and prognostic factors.
Experimental study of the feasibility of phosphorus-32 as a new energy source to treat difficult tachycardia originating from around the coronary artery
Authors: Chen Qingyong , Yue Wen , Chen Tengda , Yang Bosen , Yang Qing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tachyarrhythmia originating from around the coronary artery remains a great clinical challenge for electrophysiologists. This study explored the feasibility of using phosphorus-32 (P-32) as a new energy source to treat tachyarrhythmia around the coronary artery. Four points of the left ventricle of seven Bama mini-pigs and femoral artery of pig4-7 were selectively radiated in protocol by a self-designed radiation catheter. The voltage mapping showed a significantly lower voltage at the irradiated sites 30 days after the procedure compared with that before the irradiation for pigs2-7（1.77 vs 4.39，p＜0.001）. No obvious stenosis was observed in the coronary artery and femoral artery at the irradiation site. P-32 internal radiotherapy can change the electrical properties of cardiomyocytes, but it has few effects on the coronary and femoral artery. P-32 could be a complementary or alternative treatment for tachyarrhythmia originating from around the coronary artery.
Outcomes and Complications of Cerebral Aneurysms Operated on by Eyebrow Incision According to Aneurysm Type and Location
Authors: Eun Jin , Park Ik Seong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Trans-eyebrow supraorbital aneurysmal neck clipping, also known as keyhole surgery, have many advantages of minimal invasive surgery. However, there are few studies on whether there is a difference in keyhole surgery according to the location of the aneurysm, and how the complications after keyhole approach differ from the conventional approach. The authors investigated the surgical outcome of keyhole aneurysmal surgery for clarify the characteristics of keyhole surgeryMETHODS: A retrospective study was performed with review of medical records and images of patients with anterior circulation aneurysm undergoing aneurysmal clipping with keyhole surgery. The patient's clinical condition, imaging, surgical condition, and outcome were investigated.RESULTS: As a result of analysis about the location of the aneurysm, middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm group had a longer operation time than internal carotid artery and anterior cerebral artery aneurysm groups, but there was no significant difference in complication rate. The olfactory dysfunction occurred more than that of conventional surgery and occurred less in MCA aneurysm group than others. Scalp sensory change in the surgical site was more common in patients with unruptured aneurysms.CONCLUSION: By accurately investigating the frequency and severity of complications associated with trans-eyebrow aneurysmal neck clipping surgery, it can help to select a surgical approach considering risk versus benefit. In addition, patient’s satisfaction can be increased by providing information to patients and caregivers in advance about the outcome of this approach and the anticipated complications.
Microalgae as an aquaculture feed produced in short light-path annular column photobioreactor
Authors: Ranglová Karolína , Manoel João Câmara , Lakatos Gergely Ernő , Grivalský Tomáš , Masojídek Jiří 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, we have selected four microalgae strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Trachydiscus minutus, Monodopsis sp., and Monoraphidium sp.) to study their growth in a 30 L short-light path annular-column photobioreactor (AC-PBR). The aim was to evaluate the potential use of these strains as an alternative fish feed in hatcheries based on the content and composition of fatty acids. All microalgae strains reached a high biomass density between 3.65 and 5.32 g DW L− 1 during a14-day trial when the highest growth rate of 0.30 ± 0.01 d− 1 was found for the Monodopsis culture. The highest total content of fatty acids (TFA) was determined for Monodopsis and Trachydiscus biomass as the concentration reached 74.5 ± 6.3 and 72.4 ± 7.6 mg g− 1 DW, respectively. These two strains contained eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n3), the crucial FA for marine carnivorous fish. The concentration of EPA reached the value of 25.3 ± 0.9% and 31.9 ± 2.0% of TFA for Monodopsis and Trachydiscus, respectively. The highest amount of linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n6), important for carnivorous freshwater fish, was found in Chlorella biomass up to the concentration of 21.9 ± 1.5% of TFA. The present results show the possibility of efficient cultivation of thick microalgae cultures in a larger scale laboratory photobioreactor as a potential sustainable live feed for rotifers and fish larvae in hatcheries.
Biocompatibility and Antioxidant Activity of a Novel Carrageenan Based Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold Incorporated with Cissus Quadrangularis for Facilitating Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration – An in vitro Study
Authors: Sairaman Sruthi , S. Nivedhitha M. , Shrivastava Deepti , Onazi Meshal Aber Al , Algarni Hmoud Ali , Mustafa Mohammed , Alqahtani Ali Robaian , AlQahtani Nouf , Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Janani Krishnamachari , Eswaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan , M.P. Sudhakar , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Srivast Kumar Chandan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Over the past years, polysaccharide based scaffolds has been the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was incorporated into the carrageenan scaffold which probably has the potential to make a favourable micro-environment for the dentin-pulp regeneration. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of the material. Methods: The present in vitro study comprised of four study group each constituting a sample of 15 (n=15). The carrageenan hydrogel without addition of Cissus quadrangularis acted as control group (Group-I). Based on the concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v) in carrageenan hydrogel, respective study groups namely II, III and IV were considered. Antioxidant activity was assed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and biocompatibility test was performed by using brine shrimp lethality assay. One-way ANOVA with the post hoc tukey test was performed using SPSS software v22. Results: Significant difference (P<0.05) in the antioxidant activity was observed among the study groups with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis hydrogel (group III) reported the highest and control group showed the least antioxidant activity. A significant (P<0.01) drop in the antioxidant activity was observed in group IV when compared with group III. A significant (P<0.001) dose-dependent increase in biocompatibility was observed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to assess the surface morphology with different concentration of cissus quadrangularis, wherein group III showed even distribution throughout the hydrogel although the particles are close and densely arranged. Reduced antioxidant activity in group IV was probably due to clumping of the particles, thus reducing the active surface area.Conclusion: Keeping the limitations of the in vitro study, it can be assumed that carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold, incorporated with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis can provide favourable micro-environment as it is biocompatible and possess better antioxidant property. Hence, this study lays ground for future studies to explore this scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis for dentin pulp regeneration.
Cuproptosis-related IncRNAs predict prognosis and immune reponse of lung adenocarcinoma IncRNAs predict lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang FangWei , Lin HongSheng , Su QiSheng , Li ChaoQian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: lung adenocarcinoma（LUAD）accounts for 50% of lung cancers, has a high mortality and a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNA (IncRNAs) has been suggested to play an important role in the progression of tumors. Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death that is highly investigated in which excess copper promotes the aggregation of Lipoacylated protein and the destabilisation of Fe-S cluster proteins, leading to proteotoxicity and ultimately to cell death. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of cuproptosis-related IncRNA signature in clinical prognosis prediction and immunotherapy, and the relationship with drug sensitivity.Material and Methods: Genomic, clinical, and mutational data for LUAD patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), cuproptosis-related genes obtained form cuproptosis-related studies. Prognostic signature was constructed by co-expression analysis and Cox regression analysis. Patients were divided into high and low risk groups and then ROC, survival, risk curves, nomogram, C-Index, independent prognostic analysis, and clinical subgroup model validation were performed to observe the value of the signature in prognosis. Subsequently, IncRNAs were analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment and immune-related functions, and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Finally, we analyzed the impact of TIDE scores on immune escape and immunotherapy of IncRNAs, identifying potential drugs for LUAD and the sensitivity of the drugs.Results: A total of 16 cuproptosis-related IncRNAs were obtained (AC016747.2, LINC00205, AC006947.1, LINC00592, AC020634.2, AC026355.2, LINC02848, ZNF571-AS1, CRIM1-DT, SEPSECS-AS1, HIF1A-AS3, AC013267.1, LINC02635, AL162632.3, AC004832.5, AC032011.1.) and developed prognostic signature, we found that high-risk patients had worse overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and higher mortality. Independent prognostic analyses, ROC, C-INDEX and nomogram demonstrate that the cuproptosis-related IncRNAs can accurately predict the prognosis of patients. nomogram and heatmap show a clear distribution of high and low risk of cuproptosis-related IncRNAs. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the biological functions of IncRNAs are associated with the development of tumors. We also found that immune-related functions such as anti-viruses were suppressed in high-risk patients who had mutations in oncogenes, and OS was poorer in patients with high-TMB. Finally, we used TIDE to conclude that high-risk patients have a greater potential for immune escape and less effective immunotherapy, and also to identify a range of drugs that may be effective in the treatment of LUAD.Conclusion: in conclusion, the 16 cuproptosis-related IncRNAs can accurately predict the prognosis of LUAD patients and may provide new insights into clinical applications and immunotherapy.
Vasorin-abundant small extracellular vesicles retard intervertebral disc degeneration utilizing an injectable thermoresponsive delivery system
Authors: Liao Zhiwei , Ke Wencan , liu Hui , Tong bide , Wang kun , Feng Xiaobo , Hua Wenbin , Wang Bingjin , Song Yu , luo Rongjin , liang huaizhen , zhang weifeng , zhao kangcheng , li shuai , Yang Cao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the pathological reason of back pain and the therapeutic approaches are still unsatisfactory. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as the novel regenerative method for IDD. In this study, we intensively investigated the therapeutic mechanism of small EVs, and found that vasorin protein enriched in EVs promoted the proliferation and extracellular matrix anabolism of nucleus pulposus cells via the Notch1 signaling pathway. Then, we fabricated a thermoresponsive gel which composed of Pluronic F127 and decellularized extracellular matrix (FEC) for the delivery and sustained release of EVs. Besides, ex vivo and in vivo results showed that EVs embedded in FEC (EVs@FEC) ameliorate the disc degeneration efficiently and achieve better therapeutic effects than one-off EVs delivery. Collectively, these findings deepen the understanding of EVs mechanism in treating intervertebral disc degeneration, and also illustrate the promising capacity of sustained EVs release system for intervertebral disc regeneration.
Different functional networks underlying human walking with pulling force fields acting in forward or backward directions
Authors: Ogawa Tetsuya , Obata Hiroki , Yokoyama Hikaru , Kawashima Noritaka , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Walking with pulling force fields acting at the body center of mass (in the forward or backward directions) is compatible with inclined walking and is used in clinical practice for gait training. From the perspective of known differences in the motor strategies that underlie walking with the respective force fields, the present study elucidated whether the adaptation acquired by walking on a split-belt treadmill with either one of the force fields affects subsequent walking in other directions. Walking with the force field induced an adaptive and de-adaptive behavior of the subjects, with the aspect evident in the anterior breaking and posterior propulsive impulses of the ground reaction force as parameters. In the parameters, the adaptation acquired during walking with a force field acting in one direction was transferred to that in the opposite direction only partially. Furthermore, the adaptation that occurred while walking in a force field in one direction was rarely washed out by subsequent walking in a force field in the opposite direction and thus was maintained independently of the other. These results demonstrated possible independence in the neural functional networks capable of controlling walking in each movement task with an opposing force field.
Biological nitrogen fixation and nifH gene abundance in deadwood of 13 different tree species
Authors: Groß Christina , Hossen Shakhawat , Hartmann Henrik , Noll Matthias , Borken Werner 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Deadwood is an extremely nitrogen (N) poor plant litter whose decomposition may rely on external N sources. Biological N2 fixation (BNF) by free-living diazotrophs, encoded with the nifH gene, is a potential pathway of N acquisition in deadwood. Still, the control of this process by tree species specific traits is hardly known. Here, we examined (1) BNF rates and nifH gene abundances in deadwood of 13 tree species after 12 years of decomposition and (2) how BNF was related to nutrient concentrations and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Comparing our BNF rates with the literature revealed no difference for angiosperms but gymnosperms. Large variability prevented any significant difference in BNF and nifH gene abundance between tree species identities of deadwood. Still, higher BNF and nifH gene abundances occurred in the group of diffuse-porous angiosperms compared to ring-porous angiosperms and gymnosperms. Positive relationships between BNF rates and molybdenum, phosphor, sulfur, and N suggested co-limitation of BNF by several nutrients in deadwood. Relatively high NSC concentrations indicated no carbon limitation of diazotrophs. Furthermore, structural equation modeling highlighted the importance of water content for BNF and nifH gene abundance, although the overall explanatory power was low. In conclusion, BNF is a ubiquitous microbial process in deadwood of all tree species, contributing to N enrichment during the long-term decay process and possibly reducing N limitation for deadwood degrading fungi.