bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Care Application in Iraqi Hospital
Authors: Chillab Raghdan Zeki , Al-Sabbagh May , Fakhri Haydar 
Published: April 2022

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of pharmaceutical care in an Iraqi hospital in decreasing drug-related problems in which the clinical pharmacist play the important role in Pharmaceutical care that introduced in the nineties of the previous century in the United States as a progression and development of the clinical pharmacy that starts in the sixties of the same century and developed in eighties.150 patients were included in this study aged between two months to twelve years in Babylon hospital for gynecology and children. Those patients were classified to 5 groups. Each group divided into2 equal subgroups in which the pharmaceutical care plan was formulated to one of them to see the effectiveness of such application on those patients using the SOAP note (Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan), the groups are: 30 Respiratory disease patients, 30 Metabolic disease patients 30 Gastrointestinal disease patients, 30 Cardiovascular disease patients and 30 Hematological disease patients.All patients were followed clinically to detect the causes of drug-related problems and the results revealed that the application of pharmaceutical care in the hospital can result in decreasing drug-related problems, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs, decreasing the risk of drug use and has economic benefits for the patient and the hospital. The benefits of pharmaceutical care can increased by application of such plans on large scales, qualifying the pharmacists in Iraq professionally to take their responsibilities and also other health care professionals especially physicians must be encouraged to accept the new roles of pharmacists.
Preparation and Clinical Evaluation of 99mTc-dimercapto Succinic Acid (99mTc-DMSA), Freeze-dried Kit For Kidney Cortex Scintigraphy
Authors: Jabbar Alaa K. , Al-shami Adeeb Abass , Abass S. H. 
Published: April 2022

99mTc-dimercapto Succinic acid freeze-dried kit(99mTc-DMSA) was prepared by reaction of kit that is contained (1mg of 2.3 meso dimercaptosuccinic acid,0.336 mg of stannous chloride, 40mg insitol and 0.9 ascorbic acid as anti oxidant) with Na99mTcO4 at pH equal to (2-4) that is the optimal condition to formation 99mTc-DMSA complex.The radiochemical purity and stability of 99mTc-DMSA in liquid and dried forms were determined on gel filtration column scanning “GCS”. The labeling yield of complex formation was greater than 99% after 15 min. from addition of Na99mTcO4. The complex in liquid form was stable during ten hours while in lyophilized form six months.The biodisribution of kit was studied on white male mice that the results indicate to the ratio of dose concentration accumulated into kidneys is greater than29% of injected dose, however, little amounts of complex was detected in non target organs.
Lipid Profile and Essential Fatty Acid Concentration in Typhoid Fever Patients
Authors: H.A. Amal , S.S. Eman 
Published: April 2022

The activation of inflammatory cells, the release of their mediators, and the excessive production of free radicals may affect circulating lipids, while no evidence supports a role for peroxidation in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever disease.
Lipid profile and essential fatty acids concentration were measured in 44 typhoid fever patients and 25 healthy controls.The proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were found to be higher in serum of typhoid fever patients, in contrast with polyunsaturatedfatty acids which were found to be lower in those patients when compared with healthy controls, this results in a higher ratio of palmitoleic acid to linoleic acid(P<0.04) and of eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid (P<0.03) (Table-2).Typhoid fever patients showed also hypocholesterolemia and hyper LDLcholesterolemia (P<0.001 and P<0.003 respectively) (Table-1, Fig.-1).Regarding triglycerides and HDL–cholesterol, they demonstrated a non significant change in typhoid fever.In conclusion, typhoid fever patients showed some disturbances in their lipid profile and essential fatty acid concentration which may be of clinical significance.Objective To show the effect of typhoid fever on lipid profile and essential fatty acids concentration
Incidence of Bacteria in Conjunctival Infections and their Antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Shrooq Al- Rubaei 
Published: April 2022

Out of 54 clinical swabs of conjunctivital infections, 24 isolates(44.4%) were identified and tested for their susceptibility to 10 Kinds of antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Beta-lactamase production was done for pencillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PRSA).
The most frequent pathogenes were Staphylococcus aureus (33.3 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (29.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.6%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.5)& Haemophilus influenzae (8.3%).20 isolates (83.3 %) showed resistance to pencillin by the disk diffusion method, beta-lactamase production was positive in all (PRSA) isolates. All isolates of S.aureus& S.epidermidis were sensitive to vancomycin (100%).Ciprofloxacin, was the most active antibiotic then gentamycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulpham ethoxazole, whereas erythromycin, amoxicillin, tetracyclin and penicillin were the lowest activity.Multiple antibiotic resistance was seen in this study: 2 isolates were resistant to 9 Kinds; 4 isolate was resistant to 8 Kinds; 3isolates were resistant to 7 Kinds ;2 isolates were resistant to 6 Kinds;4 isolates to 5 kinds & 2 isolates to 4 kinds of antibiotics.
Enkephalin Leucine Microspheres Suspension as a Sustained Antiplaque Antimicrobial Delivery System
Authors: Samein Laith H. 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to prepare a formulation containing enkephalin leucine as an antiplaque/antibacterial agent. Enkephalin leucine microspheres were prepared using a poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a delivery system. The microspheres were prepared by a dispersion/solvent extraction evaporation method and characterized for drug load by HPLC, particle size by laser diffractometry and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro enkephalin leucine release was studied using a dialysis method. The stability of peptide in human saliva was concentration dependent. PLGA microspheres had released after socking in the artificial saliva. The encapsulation efficiency was around 83% -97% with the spherical shape. The in vitro release was successfully controlled over 60 minute or more with percentage of release reach to 70% for the free drug & 25% for the adsorbed drug.
Using of Sintering and Microwave Techniques to Control the Release of Trifluoperazine HCl fromWax Matrix
Authors: Hussein Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2022

The very water soluble drug, trifluoperazine HCl was prepared as sustained release carnauba wax matrix tablets using direct compression method.Different amounts of carnauba wax as matrix substance was used to show its effect on drug release. Also sintering as new technique was used in order toretard the drug release from carnauba wax matrix tablets; the granules before compression or the tablets after compression were exposed to 90°C or 120°C for 3 or 5 minutes. Microwave is another technique which was used to prolong the drug release from carnauba wax matrix tablets. The granules before compression or the tablets after compression were exposed to microwave irradiation at 600 watt for 3 or 5 minutes.The results revealed that the release of drug decreased significantly (p<0.05) when the when the amount of carnauba wax was increased. On the other hand, sintering of granules or tablets, exhibited a significant (p< 0.05) drug release retardation when the temperature was increased from 90° C to 120° C.Furthermore, non significant differences (p> 0.05) in drug release was shown at different time of sintering for 90°C or 120°C. The microwave irradiationdirectly on tablets had a significant (p< 0.05) retarding effect on drug release, particularly for tablet exposed to 5 minutes since the drug release prolongedfrom 3hr for unmicroaved tablet to 6 hr for microwaved one.
A combination of Green Tea and Melatonin Consumption Improve Plasma Lipid Profiles in Adults
Authors: Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi 
Published: April 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The green tea prepared with leaves of Camellia sinensis is particularly rich in antioxidants, which seems to have a crucial role in atherogenesis. Melatonin also participates in many physiological functions and exhibit antioxidant activity.The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the effects of green tea drinking and melatonin on the lipid profile in 36 subjects. The lipid profile included the measurement of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a). The measurements were performed at the beginning of the study, and after 3 weeks of drinking 1 L of water, and after 4 weeks of drinking 1 L of green tea daily plus 3mg/day melatonin at night. Tea was prepared every day at the same conditions of temperature, time of infusion, and concentration. After drinking green tea plus melatonin a significant beneficial improvement in the lipid profile of subjects was observed. Our data suggest that drinking green tea plus melatonin have beneficial effects protecting against the risk for cardiovascular disease by improving blood lipid levels.
The Effect of Melatonin Treatment and Exposure to Continuous Darkness on the Reactivity of Smooth Muscles to Drugs in Rats
Authors: Mahdi Estabraq M. , Mosah Hamoudi A. 
Published: April 2022

Melatonin is the major secretory product of the pineal gland, playing an integral role in numerous metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes.This study represents an attempt to understand the effect of environmental changes on the responses of a selected isolated tissue to pharmacologicallyactive substances in certain species which may lead to important experimental and clinical implications in future. Twenty male albino wistar rats were dividedinto three experimental groups:Group 1: Control animals, comprising 6 rats were exposed to 12:12 hour light: dark cycle for 4 weeks.Group 2: Composed of 8 rats, was kept in a dark environment for 4 weeks.Group 3: Consisted of 6 rats aged 6-7 weeks, subjected to continuous darkness for 2 weeks, at the end of the first week the rats treated daily with s.c melatonin injection at 1.00 p.m. for 7 consecutive days. The result of this study showed that the vas deferens preparation from the third group reacted with significant increase in reactivity to nor-adrenaline and 5-HT than that of control and continuous dark animals.The limitation of time and shortage of materials may be blamed for the kind and quantity of results obtained and the conclusions made. Therefore, further studies with regard to the exposure period have to be undertaken in future to extensively elaborate on this point.
Association of Interleukin 6 with Positive Immunohistochemical staining of Estrogen Receptor in Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: Hana Dalya Basil 
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is the evaluation of concentration levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in breast cancer patients and it's relation to estrogen receptor(ER) expression on tumor cells. The expression of IL-6 and estrogen receptor , were studied on 30 patients (positive breast cancer ) and 30 controls (negativebreast cancer).Serum of studied groups were examined using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for IL-6 and breast biopsy specimens wereexamined using immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor. The serum level of IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with breast cancer comparedwith control (p<0.05). The number of positive ER expression in patients with breast cancer was higher than the negative expression (p<0.05). The current study found a positive significant correlation (r = 249; P<0.05) between serum levels of IL-6 and estrogen receptors (ER). The results of this study suggest that elevated IL-6 serum concentration are associated with breast cancer and found that high levels of IL-6 in breast cancer patients are associated with positiveestrogen receptor.
Activity of Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin in vitro Against Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Al-Mugdadi Suhad Faisal Hatem 
Published: April 2022

A total of 150 clinical specimens were collected from patients attending Medical city Hospital in Baghdad to isolation and identification Staphylococcus aureus on species level by Api staph 20 system (Biomereux , france). 33 (22%) isolates were isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, this isolates divided according to source of isolate: 15 (37.5%) isolate from wounds, 10 (20%) isolate from bone infection, 7 (50%) isolate from nasal and throat swabs, one (2%) isolate from urine.
Thirteen antibiotics were used for sensitivity test; all isolate were resistance to Pencillin (100%), Ampicillin (100%), and while Erythromycin (75.8%). Among the various antimicrobial Oxacillin showed high resisance (69.6%), most effective antibiotics on S. aureus were Vancomycin (100%), Meropenem (100%), while Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin in Percentage 79%, 76% recpectively.In vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin were done to determined inhibition effect against all isolates of S.aureus Which is resist to Oxacillin( 23 isolate ) in Serial concentration (4-1024) μg / ml, S. aureus was resistant to Meropenem in percentage 70% in break point≥ 16, while Ciprofloxacim was resistant in percentage 74% in berak point ≥4.
Formulation and evaluation of ciprofloxacin as a topical gel
Authors: Al-Khashab Yasir E. N. , Al-Mulla Hummadi Yassir M. K. , Hamadi Salim A. , Al-Waiz Makram M. 
Published: April 2022

Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial agent belong to floroquinolones group, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negaitive bacteria.Ciprofloxacin – HCl was formulated as a gel dosage form using two different bases, a 5% methylcellulose and 5% sodium croboxy-methyl-cellulose gel base.The concentration of (1% w/w) of the drug in each base was prepared.
In vitro availability of ciprofloxacin – HCl from these bases was studied, in addition the diffusion of the drug using excised mouse skin technique were alsoevaluated.The results indicated that the extent of ciprofloxacin – HCl release was higher from methylcellulose gel base than that from sodium caroboxy-methylcellulosegel base. While the data revealed that the diffusion of the ciprofloxacin through the excised mouse skin was higher from sodium croboxy-methyl-cellulosegel base than that from methylcellulose. According to these results, 5% methylcellulose gel base was selected for further studies. The influence of storagetime and temperature on the stability of the drug, as well as physical properties and pH, for the selected formula over a period of 45 days was studied. Theconcentration of ciprofloxacin was found to decrease with time and temperature and no changes in the physical properties were noticed. The shelf life of the drug in the selected gel base was determined using exaggerated temperature techinque and it was equal to 2.5 years.The overall results of this study suggest that the selected formula could be used in the preparation of ciprofloxacin gel as a topical dosage form to be used inthe treatment of some dermatological infections.
Significance Changes in Phagocytes Chemotoxine in Pregnant Women
Authors: AL-Araji Mohammed K. 
Published: April 2022

Pregnant Women have an increased risk for some infections, particularly during the last trimester. Phagocyte emigration from the circulation into tissues is animportant aspect of the initial immune response. There for, circulating phagocytes of 42 pregnant and 15 post partum patients were studied in vitro for random and chemotactic (or directional) migration by agarose gel. Random migration of phagocytes for all 42 pregnant patients studied in each trimester was with in normal limits, chemotactic migration of 25 patients who were between 6 and 33 weeks of pregnancy was also similar to values obtained with control leucocytes (20 non- pregnant normal female). However phagocytes of 17 other women studied between week 34 of pregnancy and term showed marked depressions in chemotoxis during labor and with in 3 days delivery, chemotactic migration increased to supernormal levels in 14 of 15 women studied. Sera from 6 pregnant patients with proven chemotactic defects did not reduce migration when incubated with normal phagocytes. These chemotactic defects appear to be intrinsic and may be important in predisposing to infections during late pregnancy.
Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration Bordering
Authors: Jasem Meroj A. , Alwan Ali H. , Mahdi Fatin M. 
Published: April 2022

Helicobacter pylori gastritis results in an increased secretion of basal and meal-stimulated gastrin, which is also a physiologic amplifier of insulin release.Aim of the study: To detect the relationship between H. pylori infection and fasting blood glucose concentration.The study was performed on 209 patients (112 females and 97 males) and 22 control subjects were referring to Immunology Dep. in Central Public HealthLaboratories for the period from August 2007 to June 2008, where H.pylori was diagnosed serologically. Fasting serum glucose concentrations had beenmeasured by the glucose oxidase procedure.
The fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in H. pylori infected patients than non-infected ones. Seropositive anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were detected in 36.6% of women participants (41/112) and in 37.1% of men participants (36/97).The research findings indicate a positive association between H. pylori infection and fasting serum glucose concentrations, indicating that H. pylori infection and related gastrointestinal disorder may be related to glycaemic status.
A Study of Microbiological Contamination in Cosmetics and Toiletries in Iraq. Contamination of Talcum Powder and Body Lotion
Authors: Razooki Raghad A. 
Published: April 2022

One hundred items of 60 talcum powders and 40 body lotions were examined for their total aerobic bacterial, coliform and fungal counts. We also carried out anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powder as well as tests to detect some potentially hazardous bacteria in all tested samples. Talcum powders were more heavily contaminated with bacteria than body lotions. More than 60% of the tested body lotions contained no viable bacteria or less than 100 C.F.U./gm, while 35% of the talcum powders contained this level. Five per percent of the talcum powder were contaminated with 104 C.F.U. /gm and none of the body lotions were contaminated to that extent. No coliforms were recovered from any of the body lotions, while 3.3% of the talcum powder examined contained coliforms in the range of 250-300 C.F.U/gm.Staphylococcus Spp. were detected in one sample of both talcum powders and body lotions. Two samples of talcum powder contained E. coli. Neither talcumpowder nor body lotions showed fungal counts. Also no talcum powder showed the presence of anaerobic bacterial counts.
The Effect of ElectromagneticWaves Produces by Power Plant Station of South Baghdad on the Blood Viscosity of Workers
Authors: Wadi Kassim Mahdi 
Published: April 2022

The aim of study is identifying the effect of electromagnetic waves resulted from the electric power station of south Baghdad on the blood viscosity of its workers. The study included the following:
The blood of 70 healthy and non smoker workers, working in the operation and maintenance of electrical power generating systems of South Baghdad thermal station at different operating ages and periods, was examined. After analyzing the results obtained from laboratory tests like (Hb, ESR and PCV) done at the general central health laboratories and comparing them with the standard normal measures specified internationally.The comparison results showed high significant difference at the level P<0.01 for all ages examined by Hb test, while the comparison results did not show significant differences in PCV and ESR tests at the level P>0.05. On the other hand, the comparison results registered a confidence level not lower than20% in the presence of a difference among the recorded results at the age (35 and over) and the standard value of ESR test too which indicated the influenceof those ages within the variable. The comparison results also showed high significant differences at the level P>0.01 for all ages among the researched indicators’ results at all periods of exposure at both indicators (PCV and ESR) with the level P>0.05 at PCV indicator.The study recommended decreasing the exposure hours basing on international measures taken by WHO and also relying on the operating age with the internationally depended limits as well as retesting annually to follow up the recorded limit levels.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Aspirin in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulations using Oxidation–reduction reaction
Authors: Raauf Ayad M.R. , Mohammed Huda , Ajil Ali Wathiq Alwan 
Published: April 2022

A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method of determination of aspirin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation.The method is based on the formation of Prussian blue (PB) complex. The reaction between the acidic hydrolysis product of the aspirin with the mixture ofFeCl3 and potassium hexacyanoferrate (ΙΙΙ) was evaluated for the spectrophotometric determination of the aspirin. The maximum absorbance of the colored complex occurred at λ=765nm. Reaction conditions have been optimized to obtain PB complex of high sensitivity and longer stability. Under optimum conditions the absorbance of the PB complex where found to increase linearly with increase in concentration of the aspirin, which corroborated with correlation coefficient value. The concentration ranges are 0.5-7μg mL-1 with detection limit 0,2267μg mL-1 and relative standard deviation 0,025%. Theproposed method was successfully applied to determine of the selected aspirin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations with good precision and accuracy compared to standard method as revealed by t- and F- values and the results obtained agree well with the labeled contents.
Medical check-up of Biochemical Parameters for Polycythemic Patients Aimed to Improving Smoking Cessation
Authors: Moustafa Mayada M. 
Published: April 2022

Smoking should be considered at an early stage in the differential diagnosis of unexplained polycythemia and to avoid inappropriate treatment and also to motivate the patient to stop.Fourty two patients with secondary polycythemia seen in the outpatient clinic of Baghdad teaching hospital, Medical City over the period from Jan.2008 to Jan. 2010. Total number of patients was 42 patients; follow up was done only to 30 patients with secondary polycythemia who managed to reduce theircigarette consumption. Many results were significantly different between heavy smokers and reduced smokers. The hematocrit, leukocyte count and levels oftotal cholesterol, hemoglobin and triglyceride were significantly higher in heavy smokers, than light smokers, while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholestrol was significantly lower. The weight of the patients and their blood pressure were not changed befor and after reduce smoking. Secondary polycythemia and all related measurments are smoking-related abnormal finding; physicians should know the effects of smoking on medical check-up to improve their disease, prevention and health promotion activities.