bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late-onset schizophrenia patients with social phobia receive higher doses of antipsychotics compared patients without social phobia: results of an observational study
Authors: Pochueva V. , Savina M. , Sheshenin V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSocial phobia is frequent comorbidity in schizophrenia. It`s clinical correlates and consequencies for clinical practice in late-onset schizophrenia (LoS) are unclear.ObjectivesThe study aimed to compare clinical correlates and therapeutic options in LoS patient with and without social phobia.Methods16 LoS patients with social phobia (ICD-11 diagnosis, age 59,6±6,2, 25% males) were compared with 16 LoS patients without social phobia (69,9±10,9, 0% males). Results of clinical assessment (PANSS, HDRS-17), cognitive examination (MMSE, MoCA), CT data were analysed. Type of antipsychotics (conventional\conconventional) was registed, dose of antipsychotics and antidepressants was randed from 1 (low) to 3 (high). Mann-Whitney test and χ2statistic was used.ResultsThere was no group differences in age, age manifestation, illness duration, number of psychotic episodes, PANSS and HADRS scores, rates results of cognitive tests, atrophy scores, length of hospital state, types of received antipsychotics. LoS patients with social phobia received more frequently medium and high doses of antipsychotics than LoS patient without social phobia (χ2 (2)=6,432, p=0,040).ConclusionsIncreased doses of antypsychotics in patients with social phobia don`t correlate with severity of psychotic symptoms and nay reflect some treatment resistance as well as misinterpretation of symptoms of social phobia as insufficient retreat of the psychosis. Active detection of social phobia is significant for treatment optimization.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness and Fearlessness About Death in Italian university students: validation of the INQ-15 and the ACSS-FAD
Authors: Magliocca S. , Romano D. , Madeddu F. , Zeppegno P. , Gramaglia C.M. , Calati R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale - Fearlessness About Death (ACSS-FAD) have been introduced to evaluate the theoretical constructs posit by Joiner’s Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS).ObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the INQ-15 (which measures Thwarted Belongingness, TB, and Perceived Burdensomeness, PB) and the ACSS-FAD (measurement of Fearlessness About Death, FAD, dimension of the acquired capability) in a population of Italian university students.MethodsSince there was no Italian version of the ACSS-FAD, we have translated it through an accurate multistage procedure. ACSS-FAD and INQ-15 have been administered to a sample of 1,665 Italian university students. We analyzed the factorial structure of the INQ-15 and the ACSS-FAD, their reliability, criterion, convergent and discriminant validity.ResultsPrincipal Component Analysis confirmed a two-dimensional structure for INQ-15 and a one-factor structure for ACSS-FAD. Internal consistency reliability of the scales was good, respectively TB: α = .85; PB: α = .90; and FAD: α = .85. The INQ-15 demonstrated concurrent associations with suicidal ideation, while the ACSS-FAD with a history of suicidal planning/suicide attempt. Convergent and discriminant validity were also in line with previous studies.ConclusionsBoth INQ-15 and ACSS-FAD appropriately capture the respective constructs, proving to be valid measures for the assessment of suicide risk factors among Italian university students according to the IPTS. The valuable psychometric properties of the two scales established with this study in the Italian context encourages their use to advance the clinical understanding and prevention of suicide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neuroinflammation Markers in Depressive Female Adolescents with Suicidal Attempts
Authors: Iznak A. , Iznak E. , Damyanovich E. , Oleichik I. , Zozulya S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSuicide is the second leading cause of death (8.5% of all deaths) in adolescents. The search for neurobiological markers of suicidal behavior seems to be highly actual. Such markers may include quantitative EEG parameters and signs of neuroinflammation that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various mental disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to reveal the relationships between pre-treatment clinical, EEG, and neuroimmunological parameters in depressive adolescents with suicidal attempts in their history.Methods35 female depressive patients (all right-handed, age 16–25, mean 18,7±2.9 years old) were enrolled in the study. Total HDRS-17 scores varied from 13 to 43 (mean 27,7±8.1). Multichannel resting EEG was recorded with spectral power (SP) measurements in narrow frequency sub-bands. Functional activities of leukocyte elastase (LE) and of its antagonist α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), as neuroinflammation markers, were measured in the blood plasma. Leukocyte/inhibitory index (LII=LE/α1-PI) was calculated. Spearman’s correlations between clinical, EEG, and neuroimmunological parameters were analyzed.ResultsSum of anxiety cluster of HDRS-17 scale (items 9, 10, 11) correlated positively (p<0.02) with LE and α1-PI values, as well as with theta1 (4-6 Hz) and theta2 (6-8 Hz) SP in EEG leads of the right hemisphere. In turn, α1-PI values correlated negatively and LII values correlated positively with alpha3 (11-13 Hz) SP in majority of EEG leads.ConclusionsThe data obtained confirm the contribution of neuroinflammation to clinical conditions, especially to anxiety level, and to EEG pattern in depressive female adolescents with suicidal attempts. The study supported by RBRF grant No.20-013-00129a.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Socio-psychological characteristics of persons who had attempted suicide (Minsk, Belarus)
Authors: Lapanau P. , Davidovsky S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMortality from intentional self-harm is an urgent medical and social problem in most countries of the world. According to the World Health Organization, suicide mortality is the second leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years globally. In the Republic of Belarus, this is one of the main causes of death from external causes.ObjectivesTo identify statistically significant social factors and individual characteristics of people who had attempted suicide.MethodsThree patient groups were formed: persons who had suicidal attempt with high probability of death (mainly hanging) (GSAD), persons who had suicidal attempt in other ways (GSAO), and persons who had diagnosed adjustment disorder and did not have suicidal attempts (comparison group CG). The groups consisted of 40, 80 and 40 people, respectively. Socio-demographic data were determined, the level of stress was assessed according to the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, depressive symptoms on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, individual features were determined using the Eysenck personality questionnaire and the Leonhard-Shmishek personality characteristics questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using the Spearman linear correlation coefficient.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed one significant factor interconnected with a high level of motivation for committing suicide - the method of suicide (rₛ=-0.68) and 2 factors were at the significance boundary: the presence of a diagnosis of mental disorder (rₛ=0.28), and the education factor (rₛ=-0.28).ConclusionsThe method of suicide, the presence of a mental disorder and the level of education are the most significant factors interrelated with a pronounced motivation for committing suicide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mentalization deficits and entrapment moderate the association between complicated grief and suicide ideation among suicide-loss
Authors: Lev-Ari L. , Levi-Belz Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSuicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are recognized as an at-risk population for several psychiatric complications, including complicated grief (CG) and suicide ideation (SI). However, limited data are available concerning the contribution of CG to SI among suicide survivors. Moreover, knowledge about possible psychological processes which may increase SI levels following CG is rare.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to examine the role of two important emotion regulation variables––mentalization deficits and entrapment––as possible moderators of the association between CG and SI in the aftermath of suicide loss.MethodsParticipants were 152 suicide-loss survivors, aged 18-70, who completed questionnaires tapping CG, SI, mentalization deficits, and entrapment.ResultsThe findings revealed SI to have high and positive associations with CG, entrapment, and metallization deficits. Regression analysis showed mentalization deficits and entrapment contributing to SI beyond the contribution of CG. Notably, a significant interaction was found, indicating that CG and SI became more strongly associated at higher levels of mentalization deficits.ConclusionsThe study’s findings highlight the critical link between complicated grief and suicide ideation among SLSs and the role of metallization deficits as a possible facilitator of this link. Practical implications relating to suicide risk among SLSs are discussed, as well as focused clinical recommendations. The importance of mentalization-based interventions for decreasing SI levels in the aftermath of suicide loss is highlighted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The frequency-dependent stimulation effects of rTMS on the performance of problem-solving tasks and ongoing oscillations
Authors: Miyauchi E. , Kawasaki M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRecent studies suggest that online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can induce local entrainment of ongoing endogenous oscillatory activity that impacts cognitive performance, and the effect may depend on the function of the oscillation. However, little is known about the effects of task-specific frequencies, especially when using an online rTMS paradigm. Our previous electroencephalogram (EEG) study showed that the frontal theta rhythm is associated with the cognitive giving-up processes during problem-solving tasks.ObjectivesIn this study, we combined online rTMS and EEG to examine the frequency-dependent stimulation effects of rTMS on the performance of problem-solving tasks and ongoing oscillations. We hypothesized that rTMS at the theta frequency would induce ongoing theta activity and accelerate the giving-up behaviour.MethodsrTMS was applied during problem-solving tasks with the following conditions: individual theta (4-6Hz)- and alpha (9-13Hz)-TMS, no-TMS, and sham-TMS; the order of conditions was counterbalanced across participants.ResultsOur results showed that theta-frequency rTMS application induced an increase in theta amplitudes and shortened the giving-up response, while a control alpha-frequency rTMS application induced an increase in alpha amplitudes, but did not change giving-up responses.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the effectiveness of using specific task-relevant stimulation frequency and target location for the modulation of cognitive and behavioral performance. Furthermore, considering the close resemblance between giving-up behaviour and rumination in depression, neuromodulation of cognitive giving-up processes may lead to a new intervention to treat depression by rTMS.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Basal and LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers and the course of individual symptoms of depression and anxiety
Authors: Van Eeden W. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionA cross-sectional relationship between low-grade inflammation –characterized by increased blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines– and both MDD and anxiety has been reported, but the potential longitudinal symptom-specific relationships has been less well studied.ObjectivesWe aimed to test our hypothesize that inflammation is predictive of the severity and the course of a subset of MDD and anxiety symptoms, especially symptoms that overlap with sickness behavior, such as anhedonia, anorexia, low concentration, low energy, loss of libido, psychomotor slowness, irritability, and malaise.MethodsWe tested the association between basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory markers with individual MDD symptoms (measured using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report) and several measures for symptom domains of anxiety over a period of up to 9 years using multivariate-adjusted mixed models in up to 2872 Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) participants.ResultsAt baseline, 53.9% of the participants had a current mood or anxiety disorder. We found that basal and LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers were more strongly associated with sickness behavior symptoms at up to 9-year follow up compared to non-sickness behavior symptoms of depression. The associations with anxiety symptoms attenuated by 25%-30% after adjusting for the presence of (comorbid) MDD.ConclusionsInflammation was related to the presence and the course of specific MDD symptoms, of which the majority overlaped with sickness behavior. The associations between inflammatory markers and anxiety symptoms were partly driven by co-morbid MDD. Anti-inflammatory strategies should be tested in the subgroup of MDD patients who report depressive symptoms related to sickness behavior.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The risk of depressive symptoms in offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol and tobacco use: evidence from a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Duko B. , Pereira G. , Betts K. , Tait R. , Newnham J. , Alati R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEvidence from epidemiological studies indicated that intrauterine exposure to alcohol and tobacco is linked with a number of adverse outcomes in offspring. However, few studies have linked prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures to offspring depressive symptoms with mixed results.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the link between maternal prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures and depressive symptoms in offspring.MethodsUsing data from the Raine Study, a prospective multigenerational observational study, we examined the associations between maternal prenatal alcohol and tobacco use and the risk of depressive symptoms in offspring at age 17 years (N=1168). Depressive symptoms in offspring were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) for associations between exposures and outcome. To better investigate the role of potential confounders, risk factors were sequentially added as adjustment variables in separate models.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms in offspring remained related to maternal alcohol use of six or more standard drinks per week during the first trimester of pregnancy [RR 1.59 (95% CI: 1.11-2.26)]. Further, the risk of depressive symptoms was 50% higher for offspring exposed to prenatal tobacco use when compared to non-exposed. The Associations did not appear to be mediated by the effects of prenatal alcohol and tobacco use on adverse pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsEarly screening and prevention of these exposures could possibly reduce depressive symptoms in offspring. Moreover, future examinations such as Mendelian Randomization that allow a stronger causal inference is warranted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
How to Improve the Physical Health in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders
Authors: Falkai P. 
Published: September 2022

Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder characterised by positive, negative, affective and cognitive symptoms and can be regarded as a disorder of impaired neural plasticity. This lecture focusses on the beneficial role of exercise in schizophrenia and its underlying mechanisms.Apart from the established pharmacological treatments in schizophrenia, aerobic exercise has a profound impact on the plasticity of the brain of both rodents and humans such as inducing the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells of the hippocampus in mice and rats. Aerobic exercise enhances LTP and leads to a better performance in hippocampus related memory tasks, eventually by increasing metabolic and synaptic plasticity related proteins in the hippocampus. In healthy humans, regular aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume and seems to diminish processes of ageing like brain atrophy and cognitive decline.Several meta-analyses demonstrate the beneficial effect of exercise on function, positive as well as negative symptoms and brain structure in multi-episode schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of depression in Alzheimer’s disease hospitalized patients: a study protocol for a nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Brás B. , Ferreira A.R. , Gonçalves-Pinho M. , Freitas A. , Fernandes L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. About 40-50% of AD patients are also affected by depression, with mounting evidence suggesting its association with worse disease prognosis and negative outcomes, such as lower quality of life, higher mortality and more hospitalizations. However, few studies have specifically measured the association of depression with AD hospitalization outcomes.ObjectivesTo characterize depression among all hospitalizations with a registered diagnosis of AD and to explore its association with hospitalization outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, length of stay and discharge destination.MethodsA retrospective observational study will be conducted following the RECORD statement. A Portuguese nationwide hospitalization database from all mainland public hospitals will be used. Episodes of inpatients ≥65 years old with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AD (ICD-9-CM code 331.0), discharged between 2008-2015, will be selected. Codes 296.2X, 296.3X, 300.4 and 311 will be used to identify episodes with a concomitant registry of depression at any diagnostic position. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate approaches will be used.ResultsA total of 61 361 episodes complying with the fixed criteria will be assigned to one of two groups (with vs without depression). Groups will be compared regarding sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity profile, type of admission (planned vs urgent) and hospitalization outcomes. Results regarding the association of depression and outcomes will be presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR).ConclusionsWith this nationwide analysis, we expect to contribute to the clarification of depression impact on AD hospitalizations, so that best-practice care may be provided to these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A growing heart: a literary review on clozapine-induced Myocarditis
Authors: Ramalheira F. , Conde Moreno M. , Vieira A. , Freitas B. , Vasconcelos M.D.C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionClozapine, a unique antipsychotics, is well known for its adverse effects. Myocarditis is a rare but life-threatening complication, however not monitored at a global scale.ObjectivesThis work aims to review the literature on clozapine-induced myocarditis.MethodsPubmed and Google Scholar search using Mesh terms clozapine, myocarditis, clozapine-induced myocarditis.ResultsClozapine-induced Myocarditis (CIM) is potentially fatal, with mortality rates environ 21%. According to the World Health Organization Monitoring Program, notification rate is 0,93%, nonetheless incidence found in literature varies dramatically. Highest rates are reported in Australia, where this relationship was first established and a complete monitoring protocol is compulsory in all patients starting clozapine, which causes some authors to defend this condition is generally undernotified. Underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, but an imunomediated hypersensitive reaction occurring in the first 3-4 weeks after treatment is suggested. CIM is rare after 6 weeks. Risk factors include age, cardiac disease, initial high dose, rapid titration and simultaneous valproate or other antipsychotics use. The most common symptoms, fever, tachycardia, dyspnea and malaise, are non-specific and can be indistinguishable from other clozapine benign adverse effects. Analytically, C-reactive protein and Troponine elevation are the most specific diagnostic markers, therefore the most suitable for monitoring. Prompt cardiological observation for further evaluation should be seeked whenever CIM is suspected.ConclusionsDiagnosis of CIM can be challenging. Systematic monitoring is not consensual but may increase detection, prevent severe outcomes and help clinicians decide whether to keep or suspend therapy. Clozapine is beneficial and shouldn’t be avoided or unjustifiably discontinued.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Loneliness in elderly in the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Suárez-Gómez S. , Rodrigues P. , Matos-Pires A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLoneliness and social isolation condition the health of those over 65 years of age, increasing morbidity and mortality. The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been a health emergency in which the negative effects have been increased by loneliness. We can define several types of loneliness: physical loneliness, moral loneliness and social isolation.ObjectivesThe objective was to analyze the impact of Covid-19 on the feeling of loneliness in those over 65 years of age during the last year of the pandemic.MethodsA bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed with the terms “loneliness in elderly in the covid-19 pandemic” with the filters “abstract” and “in the last 1 year”, selecting the studies whose title included the terms “loneliness”, “elderly” or “older people” and “Covid-19 ” or “SARS-Cov-2”. The search gave rise to 13 results, of which the content of the abstracts was qualitatively analyzed.ResultsAll studies found an increase in loneliness in the elderly, and more than 50% reported a decrease in this feeling in the elderly trained in new technologies. Other aspects that stood out to influence were comorbidity, resilience, economic situation, social support and subjective feeling of vulnerability.ConclusionsOlder adults avoid direct social contact to protect themselves. This may result in loneliness, that can have serious consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality. To mitigate loneliness they can use online social media, but older adults need to be trained. Institutions and public powers have the obligation to ensure individual and collective security, and protect the integrity of people from dangers.DisclosureNo significant relationships.