bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Indices and Risk of Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease: A Retrospective Study of a Cohort of Patients in Endoscopic Remission
Authors: Lirsac Marion , Biron Amélie , Djerada Zoubir , Cadiot Guillaume , Morcos-Sauvain Elise , Brixi Hedia , Le Saint Margaux , Marchal Aude , Boulagnon-Rombi Camille 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough histological healing is raising interest in ulcerative colitis to predict recurrence, its meaning in Crohn’s disease (CD) remains unknown. We aimed to study the performances of different histological indices to predict recurrence of CD patients with mucosal healing.MethodsCrohn’s disease patients with mucosal healing diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 were included if there was available clinical and endoscopical data. Nancy Histological index (NHI), Geboes score (GS), Robarts Histopathology index (RHI), Global Histological Disease Activity Score (GHAS), and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Distribution Chronicity Activity score (IBD-DCA) were independently assessed by 3 pathologists.ResultsEighty-eight patients were included, of which 28 relapsed (32%) within 30.5 months. All 4 histological indices were associated with recurrence, with significant relapse risk (NHI, odds ratio [OR], 1.67; GHAS, OR, 2.33; RHI, OR, 1.19; GS, OR, 2.09; and IBD-DCA, OR, 2.14). Microscopic activity was significantly associated with relapse only with the IBD-DCA score. Predicting performances of all these scores were poor. Calibration curves indicate that the GHAS and IBD-DCA are the closest to the ideal predicted probability curve and thus could better predict recurrence than the other scores. Interobserver agreement varied from poor for GHAS (k = .39) to good for RHI (k = .68).ConclusionsHistological scores are valuable indicators to predict recurrence. Histological assessment of activity seems insufficient to predict CD course with most of the score evaluated, highlighting the need for new indices or adaptation of actual scores to CD specificities.
An efficient matheuristic algorithm for bi-objective sustainable closed-loop supply chain networks
Authors: Ade Irawan Chandra , Dan-Asabe Abdulrahman Muhammad , Salhi Said , Luis Martino 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper develops an optimization model for a sustainable closed-loop supply chain network with two conflicting objectives, namely, the minimization of the total logistic costs and the total amount of carbon emissions. The first objective relates to financial benefits, whereas the second represents the wider goal of guaranteeing cleaner air and hence a greener and healthier planet. The problem is first modelled as a mixed integer linear programming based-model. The aim is to determine the location of distribution centres and recycling centres, their respective numbers and the type of vehicles assigned to each facility. Vehicle type consideration, not commonly used in the literature, adds another dimension to this practical and challenging logistic problem. A matheuristic using compromise programming is put forward to tackle the problem. The proposed matheuristic is evaluated using a variety of newly generated datasets which produces compromise solutions that demonstrate the importance of an appropriate balance of both objective functions. The robustness analysis considering fluctuations in customer demand is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that if the standard deviation of the demand falls within 10% of its average, the unsatisfied demand is insignificant, thus demonstrating the stability of supply chain configuration. This invaluable information is key towards helping senior management make relevant operational and strategic decisions that could impact on both the sustainability and the resilience of their supply chain networks.
Management Implications for the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth From Temperature-Induced Shifts in Phenology and Voltinism Attributed to Climate Change
Authors: Cassidy V A , Asaro C , McCarty E P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Forest insect pest phenology and infestation pressure may shift as temperatures continue to warm due to climate change, resulting in greater challenges for sustainable forest management . The Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) (Rhyacionia frustrana Comstock) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a native forest regeneration pest in the southeastern U.S. with multiple generations per year. Changes in NPTM voltinism may result from temperature-induced shifts in NPTM phenology. Degree-day models have been used to develop optimal spray dates (OSDs) for NPTM. The 2000 Spray Timing Model (STM), based on temperature data from 1960 to 2000, provided generation-specific 5-d OSDs to effectively time applications of contact insecticides. An updated degree-day model, the 2019 STM, is based on temperature data from 2000 to 2019 and was used to detect changes in voltinism as well as shifts in phenology and OSDs. Based on the model, increased voltinism occurred at 6 of the 28 study locations (21%). Changes in voltinism occurred in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of Georgia, U.S., with shifts from three to four or four to five generations a year, depending on location. The OSDs from the 2019 STM were compared to the 2000 STM OSDs. Over half (57%) of the OSDs differed by 5–15 d, with the majority (66%) resulting in earlier spray dates. The 2019 STM will help growers adapt NPTM control tactics to temperature-induced phenology shifts. NPTM serves as an example of temperature-induced changes attributed to climate change in a forest insect pest with important implications to forest management.
Classification based on skeletal muscle mass and the severity of lung emphysema impacts on clinical outcomes after anatomical resection for lung cancer
Authors: Tsubokawa Norifumi , Mimura Takeshi , Tadokoro Kazuki , Yamashita Yoshinori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Both sarcopenia and lung emphysema are prognostic factors in lung cancer and can be easily assessed using the psoas muscle index and Goddard score, respectively. We investigated the clinical significance of the classification based on psoas muscle index and Goddard score in non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods
A total of 303 consecutive patients who underwent anatomical resection for non-small cell lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The psoas muscle at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae and Goddard score were measured on preoperative computed tomography. The psoas muscle was adjusted by height as the psoas muscle index (cm2/m2). We divided patients into three groups: low-, middle- and high-risk, using cut-off values of psoas muscle index &lt; 6.36 cm2/m2 for males and 3.92 cm2/m2 for females and Goddard score higher than 7. The predictors of postoperative complications and prognosis were examined.

Results
High-, middle- and low-risk were present in 30 (10%), 164 (54%) and 109 (36%) patients, respectively. High risk was significantly associated with male sex, low pulmonary function, more comorbidities and increased postoperative complications. High-risk patients showed poorer overall survival than middle- and low-risk patients (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that high risk was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and unfavorable prognostic factors (P = 0.011, P = 0.014, respectively).

Conclusions
Classification based on psoas muscle index and Goddard score is significantly associated with short- and long-term outcomes in patients with lung cancer. This method can be easily assessed for patients and may help select patients for nutritional support and rehabilitation before surgery.
Initial screening by immunohistochemistry is effective in universal screening for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancer patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Tsuruta Tomohiko , Todo Yukiharu , Yamada Ryutaro , Kuwahara Ken , Kurosu Hiroyuki , Minowa Kaoru , Minoura Yuko , Minobe Shinichiro , Suzuki Hiroaki , Kato Hidenori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Few prospective reports of universal screening for Lynch syndrome exist for patients with endometrial cancer. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical staining for DNA mismatch repair-related genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2), to determine the extent to which Lynch syndrome can be diagnosed in endometrial cancer patients through universal screening.

Methods
We recruited 116 consecutive patients assumed to have uterine corpus malignancy from October 2019 to February 2021 in a prospective observational study. We performed immunohistochemical for mismatch repair-related proteins on samples from 100 patients who had surgicopathologically confirmed diagnoses of endometrial cancer. Samples with missing immunohistochemical results for any of the proteins had subsequent universal screening tests for microsatellite instability, DNA methylation of the MLH1 promoter region and mismatch repair genetics.

Results
We identified 19 (19.0%) patients with lost results for any of the proteins. All 19 patient samples had subsequent screening tests. We identified the microsatellite instability-high phenotype in 84.2% (16/19) of these patients and MLH1 methylation in 57.9% (11/19). Mismatch repair genetic testing detected two pathological variants, in MSH2 and MSH6, which indicated that the prevalence of Lynch syndrome was 2.0% in our cohort. Two cases of unclassified variant (MSH6) and one case of benign variant (PMS2) were also detected.

Conclusions
Initial screening by immunohistochemical is an effective method in universal screening for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancer patients.
Israeli Public Opinion on the Use of Nuclear Weapons: Lessons From Terror Management Theory
Authors: Horschig Doreen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen do people become more willing to endorse a nuclear strike against a foreign country? Utilizing interdisciplinary theoretical insights from international relations and social psychology as well as original experimental survey data from Israel, this work aims to answer this question. Influential strands of scholarship argue that both the public and the political elites have internalized antinuclear norms. Critics, however, assert that the moral nuclear taboo lacks robustness. The work joins this debate by offering a novel theoretical framework informed by terror management theory (TMT) and suggests that people are more likely to support extreme forms of warfare (e.g., nuclear strikes) when reminded of their own mortality. Thus, consequentialist factors, such as perceived utility, and psychological factors, such as moral foundations theory and TMT, can be causal mechanisms in the support for nuclear weapons. In an age of populism characterized by the rise of nationalist leaders with authoritarian tendencies, the main finding is a source of significant concern.
Melatonin enhances stem strength by increasing lignin content and secondary cell wall thickness in herbaceous peony
Authors: Zhao Daqiu , Luan Yuting , Shi Wenbo , Tang Yuhan , Huang Xingqi , Tao Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cut flower quality is severely restrained by stem bending due to low stem strength. Melatonin has been shown to function in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet whether it can enhance stem strength, and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in enhancement of stem strength in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by applying exogenous melatonin and changing endogenous melatonin biosynthesis. Endogenous melatonin content positively correlated with lignin content and stem strength in various P. lactiflora cultivars. Supplementation with exogenous melatonin significantly enhanced stem strength by increasing lignin content and the S/G lignin compositional ratio, up-regulating lignin biosynthetic gene expression. Moreover, overexpression of TRYPTOPHAN DECARBOXYLASE GENE (TDC) responsible for the first committed step of melatonin biosynthesis in tobacco, significantly increased endogenous melatonin, which further increased the S/G ratio and stem strength. In contrast, silencing PlTDC in P. lactiflora decreased endogenous melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Finally, manipulating the expression of CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE (COMT1), which is involved in both melatonin and lignin biosynthesis, showed even greater effects on melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Our results suggest that melatonin has a positive regulatory effect on P. lactiflora stem strength.
Variation of photosynthesis during plant evolution and domestication: implications for improving crop photosynthesis
Authors: Huang Guanjun , Peng Shaobing , Li Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Studies investigating the mechanisms underlying the variation of photosynthesis along plant phylogeny and especially during domestication are of great importance, and may provide new insights to further improve crop photosynthesis. In the present study, we compiled a database including 542 sets of data of leaf gas exchange parameters and leaf structural and chemical traits in ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, non-crop angiosperms, and crops. We found that photosynthesis was dramatically improved from ferns and fern allies to non-crop angiosperms, and further increased in crops. The improvement of photosynthesis during phylogeny and domestication was related to increases in carbon dioxide diffusional capacities and, to a lesser extent, biochemical capacity. Cell wall thickness rather than chloroplast surface area facing intercellular airspaces drives the variation of mesophyll conductance. The variation of the maximum carboxylation rate was not related to leaf nitrogen content. The slope of the relationship between mass-based photosynthesis and nitrogen was lower in crops than in non-crop angiosperms. These findings suggest that the manipulation of cell wall thickness is the most promising approach to further improve crop photosynthesis, and that an increase of leaf nitrogen will be less efficient in improving photosynthesis in crops than in non-crop angiosperms.
Evaluation of Intra- and Interlaboratory Variations in SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time RT-PCR Through Nationwide Proficiency Testing
Authors: Park Kuenyoul , Sung Heungsup , Chun Sail , Min Won-Ki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to examine the intra- and interlaboratory variations of cycle threshold (Ct) values using the nationwide proficiency testing for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
Triplicated strong-positive contrived samples duplicated weak-positive contrived samples, and 2 negative samples were transported to participating laboratories in October 2021.

Results
A total of 232 laboratories responded. All except 4 laboratories correctly answered. Six false-negative results, including 2 false-negatives with Ct values beyond the threshold and 1 clerical error, were noted from weak-positive samples. Intralaboratory variations of Ct values of weak-positive and strong-positive samples were not acceptable (Ct &gt; 1.66) in 17 and 7 laboratories, respectively. High interlaboratory variations of Ct values (up to 7 cycles) for the 2 commonly used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagents were observed.

Conclusion
The overall qualitative performance was acceptable; intralaboratory variation was acceptable. However, interlaboratory variations of Ct values were remarkable even when the same PCR reagents were used.
Seasonal Variation of Ferritin among Swedish Blood Donors
Authors: Saldeen Johan , Carlsson Lena , Larsson Anders 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
Several biomarkers have been reported to exhibit a seasonal variation, which might also be associated with the seasonality observed for certain disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Ferritin is a marker of iron stores but may be influenced by other factors including inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a seasonal variation for plasma ferritin.

Methods
The study included all ferritin tests performed on blood donors between November 2009 and November 2016 in the county of Uppsala, Sweden.

Results
Median ferritin values were found to be highest in August to October (autumn) and lowest in April to May and December. The differences between the highest and lowest median values were 6 µg/L for males and 5 µg/L for females. This corresponds to approximately 12% difference for males and 15% difference for females.

Conclusion
A modest but statistically significant seasonal periodicity for ferritin was shown for blood donors.
Revisiting the relation between the number of globular clusters and galaxy mass for low-mass galaxies
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Using a new method to estimate total galaxy mass (MT) and two samples of low-luminosity galaxies containing measurements of the number of globular clusters (GCs) per galaxy (NGC), we revisit the NGC–MT relation using a total of 203 galaxies, 157 of which have MT ≤ 1010 M⊙. We find that the relation is nearly linear, NGC ∝ MT0.92 ± 0.08 down to at least MT ∼ 108.75 M⊙. Because the relationship extends to galaxies that average less than one GC per galaxy and to a mass range in which mergers are relatively rare, the relationship cannot be solely an emergent property of hierarchical galaxy formation. The character of the radial GC distribution in low-mass galaxies, and the lack of mergers at these galaxy masses, also appears to challenge models in which the GCs form in central, dissipatively concentrated high-density, high-pressure regions and are then scattered to large radius. The slight difference between the fitted power-law exponent and a value of one leaves room for a shallow MT-dependent variation in the mean mass per GC that would allow the relation between total mass in GCs and MT to be linear.
Phase I study of ribociclib and everolimus in children with newly diagnosed DIPG and high-grade glioma: A CONNECT pediatric neuro-oncology consortium report
Authors: DeWire Mariko , Lazow Margot , Campagne Olivia , Leach James , Fuller Christine , Senthil Kumar Shiva , Stanek Joseph , de Blank Peter , Hummel Trent R , Pillay-Smiley Natasha , Salloum Ralph , Stevenson Charles B , Baxter Patricia , Gass David , Goldman Stewart , Leary Sarah E S , Carle Adam , Mikael Leonie , Crabtree Dorothy , Chaney Brooklyn , Lane Adam , Drissi Rachid , Stewart Clinton F , Fouladi Maryam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Genomic aberrations in the cell cycle and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways have been reported in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). Dual inhibition of CDK4/6 and mTOR has biologic rationale and minimal overlapping toxicities. This study determined the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of ribociclib and everolimus following radiotherapy in children with DIPG and HGG.

Methods
Patients were enrolled according to a Rolling-6 design and received ribociclib and everolimus once daily for 21 and 28 days, respectively. All patients with HGG and biopsied DIPG were screened for retinoblastoma protein presence by immunohistochemistry. Pharmacokinetics were analyzed.

Results
Nineteen patients enrolled (median age: 8 years [range: 2-18]). Three patients enrolled at each dose level 1 and 2 without dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). Thirteen patients were enrolled at dose level 3, with one patient experiencing a DLT (grade 3 infection). One patient came off therapy before cycle 9 due to cardiac toxicity. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (33%), leucopenia (17%), and lymphopenia (11%). Steady-state everolimus exposures in combination were 1.9 ± 0.9-fold higher than single-agent administration. Median overall survival for 15 patients with DIPG was 13.9 months; median event-free survival for four patients with HGG was 10.5 months. Two longer survivors had tumor molecular profiling identifying CDKN2A/B deletion and CDK4 overexpression.

Conclusion
The combination of ribociclib and everolimus following radiotherapy in children with newly diagnosed DIPG and HGG was well tolerated, with a RP2D of ribociclib 170 mg/m2 and everolimus 1.5 mg/m2. Results will inform a molecularly guided phase II study underway to evaluate efficacy.
Effector-mediated relocalization of a maize lipoxygenase protein triggers susceptibility toUstilago maydis
Authors: Saado Indira , Chia Khong-Sam , Betz Ruben , Alcântara André , Pettkó-Szandtner Aladár , Navarrete Fernando , D'Auria John C , Kolomiets Michael V , Melzer Michael , Feussner Ivo , Djamei Armin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the gall-inducing smut fungus Ustilago maydis colonizes maize (Zea mays) plants, it secretes a complex effector blend that suppresses host defense responses, including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redirects host metabolism to facilitate colonization. We show that the U. maydis effector ROS burst interfering protein 1 (Rip1), which is involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered suppression of host immunity, is functionally conserved in several other monocot-infecting smut fungi. We also have identified a conserved C-terminal motif essential for Rip1-mediated PAMP-triggered suppression of the ROS burst. The maize susceptibility factor lipoxygenase 3 (Zmlox3) bound by Rip1 was relocalized to the nucleus, leading to partial suppression of the ROS burst. Relocalization was independent of its enzymatic activity, revealing a distinct function for ZmLox3. Most importantly, whereas Zmlox3 maize mutant plants showed increased resistance to U. maydis wild-type strains, rip1 deletion strains infecting the Zmlox3 mutant overcame this effect. This could indicate that Rip1-triggered host resistance depends on ZmLox3 to be suppressed and that lox3 mutation-based resistance of maize to U. maydis requires functional Rip1. Together, our results reveal that Rip1 acts in several cellular compartments to suppress immunity and that targeting of ZmLox3 by Rip1 is responsible for the suppression of Rip1-dependent reduced susceptibility of maize to U. maydis.
Development of the mentalizing network structures and theory of mind in extremely preterm youth
Authors: Fu Xiaoxue , Hung Andy , de Silva Aryanne D , Busch Tyler , Mattson Whitney I , Hoskinson Kristen R , Taylor Hudson Gerry , Nelson Eric E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Adolescents born preterm (&lt;37 weeks of gestation) are at elevated risk for deficits in social cognition and peer relationships. Theory of Mind (ToM) is a complex form of social cognition important for regulating social interactions. ToM and the underlying mentalizing network continue to develop across adolescence. The present study recruited 48 adolescents (12–17 years old) who were either born extremely preterm (EPT; &lt;28 weeks of gestation) or full-term (FT) at birth. Cortical thickness, gray matter volume and surface area were measured in four regions of the mentalizing network: the temporoparietal junction, anterior temporal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus and frontal pole (mBA10). We also assessed the adolescents’ performance on a ToM task. Findings revealed both group differences and group-by-age interaction effects in the gray matter indices within the temporal lobe regions of the mentalizing network. The EPT group also performed significantly worse than the FT group on the ToM task. The cortical structural measures that discriminated the EPT and FT groups were not related to ToM performance. These results highlight altered developmental changes in brain regions underlying mentalizing functions in EPT adolescents relative to FT controls.