bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving donor retention following a temporary deferral: A cluster randomized controlled trial of deferral educational materials
Authors: Gemelli Carley N. , Kruse Sarah P. , Thijsen Amanda , Van Dyke Nina , Karki Surendra , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundProviding educational materials to deferred donors has been shown to increase their understanding about their deferral and knowledge about their return. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational materials in increasing the retention of deferred donors.Study Design and MethodsA three‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted, with the following conditions: (a) Incenter Brochure plus Email; (b) Email Only; (c) Control. The Incenter Brochure plus Email condition also included a guided conversation led by staff at the point of deferral. Donors were followed up for 3 months after their deferral had ended to determine if they had attempted to donate.ResultsCompared with the Control condition, donors in the Incenter Brochure plus Email condition had increased odds of return at 3 months after their deferral ended (OR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.00–1.33). Subgroup analysis highlighted that novice (OR: 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.83) and established donors (OR: 1.36; 95% CI 1.13–1.64) had increased odds of return if they received the incenter materials. Donors who were deferred to maintain their well‐being (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.03–1.60) and donors with a prior deferral history (OR: 1.55; 95% CI 1.15–1.55) had increased odds of return if they received the incenter materials. No significant differences were found between the Email Only and Control conditions.DiscussionThis trial demonstrates the benefits of providing onsite educational materials to donors at the point of deferral. This is a simple, effective strategy to increase the return behavior of donors within 3 months of their deferral ending.
Three-Dimensional Ship Hull Encoding and Optimization via Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Joseph Joe , Aniruddhan Unni T. P. , Yamakawa Soji , Barati Farimani Amir , Shimada Kenji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Design and optimization of hull shapes for optimal hydrodynamic performance have been a major challenge for naval architectures. Deep learning bears the promise of comprehensive geometric representation and new design synthesis. In this work, we develop a deep neural network (DNN)-based approach to encode the hull designs to condensed representations, synthesize novel designs, and optimize the synthetic design based on the hydrodynamic performance. A variational autoencoder (VAE) with the hydro-predictor is developed to learn the representation through reconstructing the Laplacian parameterized hulls and encode the geometry-drag function simulated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Two data augmentation techniques, Perlin noise mapping and free-form deformation (FFD), are implemented to create the training set from a parent hull. The trained VAE is leveraged to efficiently optimize from massive synthetic hull vessels toward the optimal predicted drag performance. The selected geometries are further investigated and virtually screened under CFD simulations. Experiments show that our convolutional neural network (CNN) model accurately reconstructs the input vessels and predicts the corresponding drag coefficients. The proposed framework is demonstrated to synthesize realistic hull designs and optimize toward new hull designs with the drag coefficient decreased by 35% comparing to the parent design.
Adherence to mHealth and Paper-Based Versions of Lifestyle-Integrated Functional Exercise: A Secondary Analysis of Data From the PreventIT Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Yang , Boulton Elisabeth , Taraldsen Kristin , Mikolaizak A. Stefanie , Pijnnaples Mirjam , Todd Chris 
Published: May 2022

The European Commission Horizon 2020 project—PreventIT—evaluated two approaches to delivering Lifestyle-Integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) programs for maintaining older adults’ physical function: the paper-based adapted LiFE and mobile health device delivered enhanced LiFE. A self-reported method was used to measure users’ monthly adherence over 12 months. This analysis aimed to explore young seniors’ adherence patterns between enhanced LiFE and adapted LiFE groups. Results showed that adherence level decreased with time in both groups. The enhanced LiFE group had slightly higher adherence than the adapted LiFE group during most of the 12 months. However, the overall adherence levels were not significantly different during either intervention or follow-up periods. Monthly self-reported adherence measurement can help to understand users’ adherence comprehensively. The comparable adherence levels between both groups indicate mobile health could be an alternative to delivering home-based physical activity for young seniors. However, this feasibility study was not powered to detect differences between groups.
Injuries in Judo Athletes With Disabilities: Prevalence, Magnitude, and Sport-Related Mechanisms
Authors: Kons Rafael Lima , Athayde Marina Saldanha da Silva , Antunes Lara , Lopes Jaqueline Santos Silva , Detanico Daniele 
Published: May 2022

Context: The participation of judo athletes with disabilities in competitions has increased over the years as well as the burden of sports-related injuries and illnesses in this population. However, there is limited knowledge about sports-related injuries in judo athletes with different disabilities. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of injuries in judo athletes with disabilities, considering the different impairment groups, magnitude of injury (ie, mechanism, nature, and severity of injury), and specific body parts. Design: Cross-sectional study (level of evidence, 3). Setting: Brazilian Judo athletes with disabilities. Patients: Fifty-one judo athletes with disabilities (15 men and 36 women) participated in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Data were obtained from an adapted injury report form. The prevalence of injuries was assessed, considering type of impairment, body parts, mechanisms, and severity as well as differences between male and female athletes, with the significance level set at P < .05. Results: The results demonstrated a high prevalence of injuries in female athletes with visual impairment (n = 11, 73.3%) and male athletes with amputations (n = 14, 38.8%). A high prevalence was found in the national group, especially for male athletes (n = 29, 80.5%). Among athletes who had injuries, 69.4% (n = 12) of male and 80.0% (n = 25) of female athletes’ injuries occurred due to direct contact with other athletes, and 72.2% (n = 26) of male and 86.6% (n = 13) of female athletes’ injuries were in the training environment. The magnitude of injuries ranged from moderate to severe for male and female athletes. The knee (n = 25, 49.0%) and shoulder (n = 12, 23.5%) were the body parts most affected by injuries in both male and female athletes. Conclusion: A large percentage of judo athletes with disabilities reported experiencing an injury during the previous 2 years; percentages were greater in athletes with visual and physical impairment. Moreover, most injuries occurred in the knee or shoulder, during training, and in direct contact with other athletes and were of severe magnitude.
Understanding how and why quality circles improve standards of practice, enhance professional development and increase psychological well-being of general practitioners: a realist synthesis
Authors: Rohrbasser Adrian , Wong Geoff , Mickan Sharon , Harris Janet 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo understand how and why participation in quality circles (QCs) improves general practitioners’ (GPs) psychological well-being and the quality of their clinical practice. To provide evidence-informed and practical guidance to maintain QCs at local and policy levels.DesignA theory-driven mixed method.SettingPrimary healthcare.MethodWe collected data in four stages to develop and refine the programme theory of QCs: (1) coinquiry with Swiss and European expert stakeholders to develop a preliminary programme theory; (2) realist review with systematic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINHAL (1980–2020) to inform the preliminary programme theory; (3) programme refinement through interviews with participants, facilitators, tutors and managers of QCs and (4) consolidation of theory through interviews with QC experts across Europe and examining existing theories.Sources of dataThe coinquiry comprised 4 interviews and 3 focus groups with 50 European experts. From the literature search, we included 108 papers to develop the literature-based programme theory. In stage 3, we used data from 40 participants gathered in 6 interviews and 2 focus groups to refine the programme theory. In stage 4, five interviewees from different healthcare systems consolidated our programme theory.ResultRequirements for successful QCs are governmental trust in GPs’ abilities to deliver quality improvement, training, access to educational material and performance data, protected time and financial resources. Group dynamics strongly influence success; facilitators should ensure participants exchange knowledge and generate new concepts in a safe environment. Peer interaction promotes professional development and psychological well-being. With repetition, participants gain confidence to put their new concepts into practice.ConclusionWith expert facilitation, clinical review and practice opportunities, QCs can improve the quality of standard practice, enhance professional development and increase psychological well-being in the context of adequate professional and administrative support.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42013004826.
Impact of physical activity on COVID-19-related symptoms and perception of physical performance, fatigue and exhaustion during stay-at-home orders
Authors: Gehlhar Andreas , Schmidt Nikola , Eisenburger Nina , Feddern Sven , Kossow Annelene , Nießen Johannes , Wessely Stefanie , Wiesmüller Gerhard A , Grüne Barbara , Joisten Christine 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe measures used to contain the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant reduction in physical activity. Due to the health benefits of exercise, recommendations were made for lockdown restrictions. Within the CoCo-Fakt study (Cologne-Corona counselling and support for index and contacts during the quarantine period), we aimed to determine how these recommendations were implemented, especially by individuals who were officially quarantined due to an infected persons (IPs) or as close contacts (CPs), and how this affected their physical and psychological condition.MethodsFrom 12 December 2020 to 6 January 2021, all IPs and CPs registered by Cologne’s public health department up to the survey period were surveyed online. Of 10 547 people in the CoCo-Fakt sample, 8102 were integrated into the current analysis. In addition to demographic data, information regarding COVID-19-specific and persistent symptoms or conditions and their association with the amount and type of exercise and screen time before and during the quarantine were collected.ResultsBefore quarantine, 66.9% of IPs and 69% of CPs were physically active; during quarantine, this decreased by 49.4% in IPs depending on the course of the disease and by 30.6% in CPs. Physically active IPs and CPs felt less exhausted and more fit during their quarantine periods than those who were inactive, with active IPs significantly less likely to report prolonged physical and psychological symptoms than their more sedentary counterparts.ConclusionGiven the acute and long-term positive effects of exercise on quarantined individuals, corresponding recommendations should be communicated to those affected, especially CPs. Recommendations for IPs depend on their health status.
Visibility of liquid embolic agents in fluoroscopy: a systematic in vitro study
Authors: Schmitt Niclas , Wucherpfennig Lena , Hohenstatt Sophia , Weyland Charlotte S , Sommer Christof M , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Vollherbst Dominik F 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundEndovascular embolization using liquid embolic agents (LEAs) is frequently applied for the treatment of intracranial vascular malformations. Appropriate visibility of LEAs during embolization is essential for visual control and to prevent complications. Since LEAs contain different radiopaque components of varying concentrations, our aim was the systematic assessment of the visibility of the most used LEAs in fluoroscopy.MethodsA specifically designed in vitro model, resembling cerebral vessels, was embolized with Onyx 18, Squid 18, Squid 12, PHIL (precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid) 25%, PHIL LV (low viscosity) and NBCA (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) mixed with iodized oil (n=3 for each LEA), as well as with contrast medium and saline, both serving as a reference. Fluoroscopic image acquisition was performed in accordance with clinical routine settings. Visibility was graded quantitatively (contrast to noise ratio, CNR) and qualitatively (five-point scale).ResultsOverall, all LEAs provided at least acceptable visibility in this in vitro model. Onyx and Squid as well as NBCA mixed with iodized oil were best visible at a comparable level and superior to the formulations of PHIL, which did not differ in quantitative and qualitative analyses (eg, Onyx 18 vs PHIL 25% along the 2.0 mm sector: mean CNR±SD: 3.02±0.42 vs 1.92±0.35; mean score±SD: 5.00±0.00 vs 3.75±0.45; p≤0.001, respectively).ConclusionIn this systematic in vitro study, relevant differences in the fluoroscopic visibility of LEAs in neurointerventional embolization procedures were demonstrated, while all investigated LEAs provided acceptable visibility in our in vitro model.
Safety and efficacy of Sinopharm vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) in elderly population of Faisalabad district of Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Iftikhar , ul Munamm Syed Ata , Ur Rasool Masood , Fatimah Mufakhara , Abu Bakar Muhammad , Rana Zaid Khalid , Khatana Usman Feroze , Jordon Louise , Saqlain Muhammad , Mahdi Noor , McLoughlin Hilary 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The first case of novel SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) in Pakistan was detected on 26 February 2020. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been tried to lessen the mortality and morbidity burden. Various vaccines have been approved. The Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan gave emergency approval for Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) COVID-19 vaccine in December 2021. The phase 3 trial of BBIBP-CorV included only 612 participants aged 60 years and above. The primary aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of BBIBPP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine within the Pakistani adult population aged 60 or above. The study was carried out in the Faisalabad district of Pakistan.

Methods
A test negative case–control study design was used to assess safety and efficacy of BBIBP-CorV in individuals aged 60 and above against symptomatic infection, hospitalisations and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. ORs were calculated using logistic regression model at 95% CI. ORs were used to calculate the vaccine efficacy (VE) by using the following formula.
VE= (1-OR) ×100.

Results
3426 individuals with symptoms of COVID-19 were PCR tested between 5 May 2021 and 31 July 2021. The results showed that Sinopharm vaccine 14 days after the second dose was efficient in reducing the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 infection, hospitalisations and mortality by 94.3%, 60.5% and 98.6%, respectively, among vaccinated individuals with a significant p value of 0.001.

Conclusion
Our study showed that BBIBP-CorV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection, hospitalisations and mortality due to COVID-19.
Plant-based food patterns to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and support muscle mass in humans: a narrative review
Authors: Nichele Sarah , Phillips Stuart M. , Boaventura Brunna C.B. 
Published: May 2022

The interest in a diet with a higher proportion of plant-based foods to animal-based foods is a global food pattern trend. However, there are concerns regarding adopting plants as the main dietary protein source to support muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle mass. These concerns are centered on three issues: lower protein bioavailability due to antinutritional compounds in plants, lower per-serve scores of protein at similar energy intake, and amino acid scores of plants being lower than optimal. We aimed here to synthesize and discuss evidence around plant protein in human nutrition focusing on the capacity of these proteins to stimulate MPS as a key part of gaining or maintaining muscle mass. In this review, we addressed the issues of plant protein quality and provided evidence for how plant proteins can be made more effective to stimulate MPS and support muscle mass in partial or total replacement of consumption of products of animal origin. Novelty: Plant proteins are known, in general, to have lower protein quality scores than animal proteins, and this may have important implications, especially for those aiming to increase their skeletal muscle mass through exercise. A plant-based diet has been postulated to have lower protein quality limiting MPS responses and potentially compromising exercise-induced gains in muscle mass. Current evidence shows that plant proteins can stimulate MPS, as can whole foods, especially when combining food groups, increasing portion sizes, and optimizing amino acid bioavailability through processing or common preparation methods.
Mid-summer annual forage performance in organic, grass-fed production
Authors: Van Die Myra , Entz Martin H. 
Published: May 2022

Grass-fed ruminant production does not have the convenience of feeding easily-storable grains during periods of low forage availability. This study examined the forage yield, quality, and utilization of warm- and cool-season annual forages grown under organic management during the mid-summer “feed gap” period. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Tetra Brand), winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack cv. common), oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Souris), millet (Panicum miliaceum L. cv. Crown Proso), corn (Zea mays L. cv. BMR84 and CM440 Canamaize), and sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench × Sorghum sudanense [Piper] Stapf cv. common) were grown in Carman, Manitoba, over 3 site-years in 2018 and 2019. Combined forage and weed dry matter (DM) yield was 7159 kg·ha−1 for sorghum-sudangrass (29% weeds), 5506 kg·ha−1 for corn (36% weeds), 4687 kg·ha−1 for oat (45% weeds), 4617 kg·ha−1 for annual ryegrass (95% weeds), 4542 kg·ha−1 for millet (28% weeds), and 2945 kg·ha−1 for winter triticale (51% weeds); significant differences in crop and weed biomass were observed. All forage systems were palatable to sheep with utilization rates from 47% to 65%. When all quality parameters were considered, corn, winter triticale, millet, and oat displayed adequate quality for mid-summer grazing, while sorghum-sudangrass had suboptimal crude protein concentrations. Direct measurements of forage quality on weeds showed that weeds did not compromise forage quality. This Canadian first study demonstrated the potential of forage production for mid-summer grazing in an organic, grass-fed regime with oat, millet, and corn resulting in the best combination of yield and quality.
Face Mask Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network and MobileNetV2-Based Transfer Learning
Authors: Hussain Dostdar , Ismail Muhammad , Hussain Israr , Alroobaea Roobaea , Hussain Saddam , Ullah Syed Sajid 
Published: May 2022

The rapid spreading of Coronavirus disease

2019

(COVID-19) is a major health risk that the whole world is facing for the last two years. One of the main causes of the fast spreading of this virus is the direct contact of people with each other. There are many precautionary measures to reduce the spread of this virus; however, the major one is wearing face masks in public places. Detection of face masks in public places is a real challenge that needs to be addressed to reduce the risk of spreading the virus. To address these challenges, an automated system for face mask detection using deep learning (DL) algorithms has been proposed to control the spreading of this infectious disease effectively. This work applies deep convolution neural network (DCNN) and MobileNetV2-based transfer learning models for effectual face mask detection. We evaluated the performance of these two models on two separate datasets, i.e., our developed dataset by considering real-world scenarios having

2500

images (dataset-1) and the dataset taken from PyImage Search Reader Prajna Bhandary and some random sources (dataset-2). The experimental results demonstrated that MobileNetV2 achieved

98
%

and

99
%

accuracies on dataset-1 and dataset-2, respectively, whereas DCNN achieved

97
%

accuracy on both datasets. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that the MobileNetV2-based transfer learning model would be an alternative to the DCNN model for highly accurate face mask detection.
The Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Head and Neck Cancer Patients and Those Who Were Treated with Radiotherapy: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Yeh Tzu-Lin , Hsieh Cheng-Tzu , Hsu Hsin-Yin , Tsai Ming-Chieh , Wang Chia-Chun , Lin Chuan-Yi , Hsiao Bo-Yu , Jhuang Jing-Rong , Chiang Chun-Ju , Lee Wen-Chung , Chien Kuo-Liong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
To investigate the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of stroke in patients with head and neck cancer and their relationship to radiotherapy.

Methods:
Patients with head and neck cancer ages 20–85 years were enrolled from 2007 to 2016 using the Taiwan Cancer Registry. The study endpoint was fatal and non-fatal ischemic stroke, ascertained by the National Health Insurance Research Database. Age- and sex-adjusted SIRs, categorized by 10-year age standardization, were used to compare the patients with head and neck cancer with a randomly selected 2,000,000 general population. We compared the risk of stroke in patients with head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy or surgery alone. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from Cox regression analysis with competing risk.

Results:
Among 41,266 patients (mean age, 54.1 years; men, 90.6%) in the median follow-up period of 3.9 years, 1,407 strokes occurred. Compared with the general population, the overall SIR of stroke was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.30–1.44) in patients with head and neck cancer. In patients with head and neck cancer, the fully adjusted HR of stroke in those who received radiotherapy was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.83–1.10), compared with those who received surgery alone.

Conclusions:
Patients with head and neck cancer had a higher risk of fatal or non-fatal ischemic stroke. The risk of stroke was not higher in patients initially treated with radiotherapy.

Impact:
Oncologists should emphasize stroke prevention in all patients with head and neck cancer, not only in those who received radiotherapy.