bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of strong shear nonequilibrium phenomenon and its relaxation mechanism in hypersonic Knudsen layer flows based on the direct simulation Monte Carlo method
Authors: wenbin Liu , Liu Wenbin , Jinbai Zhang , Chun-Hian Lee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the different flowfield and wall settings, a series of plane Couette flows of rarefied argon gas are simulated by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, and the relaxation process of shear nonequilibrium has been systematically analyzed. The statistical result of molecular streamwise velocity (vx) shows a qualitatively platform-shaped distribution under the conditions of diffuse-reflection wall, low wall temperature, small wall spacing (roughly within the range of Knudsen layer), and large wall speed and shear rate. The simplified mechanism of this platform-like phenomenon is deduced, which proves that after the collision between two molecules reflected from the different walls (named the dual-wall molecular collision), their vx will be uniformly distributed. Thus, if all reflected molecules occur once dual-wall molecular collision on average, their vx will form the platform-shaped distribution. This conclusion is demonstrated by the verification cases. Similar phenomena can be found in more general flows, such as the hypersonic flow over a flat plate. The nonequilibrium phenomenon in the flat-plate flow can be explained by the equivalent relaxation process of dual-wall molecular collision, which indicates that the platform-like phenomenon is a universal nonequilibrium state in strong-shear rarefied flow, and they share a similar relaxation mechanism. The analysis of this phenomenon will help us to understand and model the relaxation process of hypersonic Knudsen layer flow.
Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy of adipose, hepatic, and muscle tissues
Authors: Avachat Ashish V. , Leja Anthony G , Mahmoud Kholod H. , Anastasio Mark A. , Sivaguru Mayandi , Fulvio Angela Di 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Can positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) be employed to discriminate different types of soft tissues? This work reports our experimental measurements of the three components of positron annihilation lifetime spectra for three types of bovine, non-fixated soft tissues: adipose, hepatic, and muscle. These three components of PALS spectra correspond to contributions from annihilation lifetimes of para-positronium (p-Ps), positron, and ortho-positronium (o-Ps). We also report a benchmark comparison between PALS and X-ray phase-contrast imaging, which is the current state-of-the-art for soft tissue imaging and analysis. Our measurements showed that the joint probability of annihilation from p-Ps and positron in the soft tissues increases with electron density of the tissue and hence correlates well with the mean voxel values measured by X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. Notably, the o-Ps lifetime in adipose tissue (2.53±0.01 ns) was approximately 25% longer than in hepatic (2.03±0.02 ns) and muscle tissues (2.00±0.01 ns). The significance here is that the o-Ps lifetime is a viable non-invasive probe for analyzing and discriminating the different soft tissues with a strong sensitivity to the lipid content of the tissue.
First report on iron demand by Antarctic sea-ice algae and under-ice phytoplankton
Authors: Lannuzel Delphine , Fourquez Marion , Jong Jeroen , Tison Jean-Louis , Delille Bruno , Schoemann Véronique 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Antarctic sea ice is a seasonal source of iron (Fe) to the Southern Ocean (SO), where surface waters Fe levels are otherwise generally low. The effectiveness of Fe released from melting sea ice does not only depends on the magnitude of the supply, but also on the biological Fe demand. Here, we hypothesize that Fe uptake rates by sea-ice algae and under-ice phytoplankton are higher than the rates reported for open ocean phytoplankton in the SO. We performed 55Fe and carbon (14C) short-term uptake field measurements in, on and under Antarctic sea ice. Our results show that over 90% of Fe taken up by sea-ice algae and under-ice phytoplankton was found on the outside of the algal cells. The intracellular Fe (Feintra) uptake rates were high and reached up 68, 194 and 203 pmol Fe L− 1 d− 1 in seawater, bottom ice and over-ice respectively. Overall C uptake in bottom sea ice was low, ranging between 0.03 and 3.2 µmol C L− 1 d− 1, but similar to previous sea-ice studies. The Feintra:C ratios in sea ice also increased over the 26 days times series, from 5.8 to 230 µmol Fe mol C− 1. This is well above the ranges reported for other naturally Fe-fertilized areas of the SO. As the Antarctic icescape and associated ecosystems are changing, this dataset will undoubtedly inform the parameterisation of sea-ice biogeochemical and ecological models in ice-covered regions.
Attitudes of older patients and caregivers towards deprescribing of medications in Ethiopia
Authors: Gadisa Diriba Alemayehu , Gebremariam Esayas Tadesse , Yimer Getnet , Urgesa Efa Deresa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Deprescribing as the part of optimal health care is aimed at reducing the overall impact of polypharmacy on patients and health care services. Understanding how older adults and their caregivers understand deprescribing is crucial to ensuring a holistic approach to deprescribing.Objective: To assess the attitude of older patients and caregivers towards deprescribing of medication at Ambo university referral hospital.Methodology: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted using the revised Patient Attitude Towards Deprescribing tool (rPATD). The collected data were processed and analyzed by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS-25) and presented in tables. Backward linear regression and logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. 95% confidence interval and two sides P-value ≤ 0.05 was utilized for reporting. Result: One hundred fifty six (81.3%) of the respondents (i.e.85% of older and 77.2% of caregivers) agreed to stop one or more of their regular medications if the physician recommends doing so despite 98(51.0%) of them (i.e. 49% of older and 53.3% of caregivers) being satisfied with their/their care recipient’s medications. On the overall aggregate mean score, the respondents had neutral position (2.6-3.59) regarding burden and concerns to stopping medications factor score whereas majority of them disagree (1-2.59) with inappropriateness of the medication they had been received and agreed (3.6-5) with the need for their involvement in medicine decision making. Concerns to stopping medicine scores (AOR=0.440, 95% CI=0.262-0.741, P=0.035) was significantly associated with the willingness to have one or more of their regular medicine(s) deprescribed. Perceived levels of medication inappropriateness (AOR=0.653, 95% CI= 0.456-0.936, P=0.020) were significantly associated with the overall satisfaction with their medicines regimen.Conclusion: Majority of older patients and their caregivers would be willing to have their regular medication stopped if the physicians recommend it. Having higher perceived concerns for stopping the medicines and higher medicine inappropriateness factor score were the two main determinants of willingness to deprescribe and overall satisfaction with their medicine respectively. Healthcare providers should prompt the deprescribing process with older adults and caregivers in their regular clinical practice.
METTL3 suppresses anlotinib sensitivity by regulating m 6 A modification of FGFR3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Shuai , Huang Zhexun , Cao Congyuan , Wang Anxun , He Qianting 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant nucleotide modification in mRNA, but there were few studies of its role in the cancer drug sensitivity and resistance. Anlotinib has been proved to have effective antitumor effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in our previous study. Here, we sought to investigate the treatment target of anlotinib and the function and mechanisms of m6A modification in regulating anlotinib effect in OSCC.Methods: Anlotinib treatment in a dose-dependent manner, western blotting, qRT-PCR and cell lost-of function assays were used to study the treatment target of anlotinib in OSCC. RNA m6A dot blot assays，the m6A MeRIP-seq and MeRIP-qPCR, RNA and protein stability assays were used to explore the m6A modification of the treatment target of anlotinib. Cell lost-of function assays after METTL3 depletion were conducted to investigate the effect of m6A modification level on the therapeutic effect of anlotinib in OSCC. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to study the relationship of METTL3 and antitumor sensitivity of anlotinib in vivo.Results: Anlotinib targeted FGFR3 in the treatment of OSCC and inhibited tumor cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by inactivating the FGFR3/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. METTL3 was identified to target and modify FGFR3 m6A methylation and then decrease mRNA stability. METTL3 expression level was related to the anlotinib sensitivity in OSCC cells in vitro and METTL3 knockdown promoted anlotinib sensitivity of OSCC cells by inhibited the FGFR3 expression. PDX models samples furthermore showed that METTL3 and FGFR3 levels are tightly correlated with the anlotinib efficacy in OSCC.Conclusion: In summary, our work revealed that FGFR3 was served as the treatment target of anlotinib and METTL3-mediated FGFR3 m6A modification played a critical function in the anlotinib sensitivity in OSCC.
Bioinformatics analysis of potential biomarkers associated with diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis involved with different tissues
Authors: Wu Mingcheng , Zhu Yan , Han Shiyun , Kou Yan , Li Xiang , Gao Xing , Liu Hongbo , He Rui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas, which occurs variably in organs. It is typically prevailing in lungs as well as skin and lacrimal glands. This study was aimed to demonstrate the potential etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and identify the effective biomarkers associated with the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis.
Results
A total of 243 DEGs were screened in the pulmonary datasets, 141 and 389 DEGs were acquired through the skin tissue datasets and lacrimal tissue datasets respectively. In lung tissues, DEGs were mainly focused on chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, cellular response to interferon-γ, cell adhesion and chemokine activity. For DEGs in skin and lacrimal tissues were primarily related to interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, immune response, integral component of membrane and MHC class II receptor activity. The result of KEGG enrichment pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and inflammatory bowel disease. After PPI network analysis, 10 hub genes were identified, respectively.
Conclusion
This study indicated that utilizing bioinformatic methods to analyze sarcoidosis in variable situations and finding the similarities and differences in molecular mechanism under different conditions are helpful for us to understand pathogenesis of sarcoidosis in a more comprehensive way, laying the foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis.
Effect of Preloading and Nano-Silica on Structural Behaviour of Corroded R.C. Beams
Authors: Marawan Ahmed. E. , Debaiky Ahmed. S. , Abdel-Kareem Ahmed. H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Reinforced concrete structures are considered as permeant structures that can be used for a long time. But, one of the most issues has been discussed in construction community was corrosion of embedded steel bars. Corrosion has a negative significantly effect on the behavior of reinforced concrete structures where decrease bar cross section, formats massive products, reduces bond between concrete and steel bars and also, reduced load capacities. To simulate corrosion under loading condition, the specimens were subjected to preloading before corrosion process. Also, addition of nano-silica to concrete mixes with variable ratios was studied to show its effect on corrosion rate. 8 beams were divided into two groups (A and B) with preloading and unloading respectively. Then, all beams were corroded accelerable. 4 concrete mixes were designed. The experimental result included compressive strength of concrete, corrosion cracks pattern, steel mass loss and ultimate flexural load. Finally, it was noticed that preloading had negative effect in steel mass loss, ultimate load, and increased cracks. On contrary, addition of nano-silica improves the structural properties of corroded beams.
miR-34a, a physical exercise regulator, involved in LncRNA CCAT2 signaling to regulate hepatic stellate cells proliferation
Authors: Gao Haibing , Ma Huaxi , Wang Qiaowen , Lin Shenglong , Wang Xiangmei , Zhang Dongqing , Wu Wenjun , Liao Ziyuan , Chen Mengyun , Lin Huiming , Xie Jinming , Li Qin , Ye Hanhui , Lin Minghua , Li Dongliang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In plasma, miR-34a could be one of potential biomarkers for frailty and is involved in the physiology processes which are benefit from exercise. One of its targets, Smad4 play important role in TGF-β1 pathway which is a dominant factor for balancing collagen production and degradation in hepatic stellate cells. TGF-β1/Smad4 regulated collagen deposition is a hallmark of hepatic fibrosis. Thus, miR-34a could be a link between exercise and hepatic disease. The potential regulation on miR-34a by LncRNAs in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is still reserved to be revealed. In current study, it was hypothesized that a miR-34a interactor, lncRNA CCAT2 may regulate TGF-β1 pathway in liver fibrotic remodeling. Dual luciferase activity showed CCAT2 and Smad4 are targets of miR-34a-5p. Sh-CCAT2 transfection prohibit HSCs proliferation and induce HSCs apoptosis, also inhibited ECM protein synthesis in HSCs. Decreased miR-34a-5p enhanced HSCs proliferation, blocked HSCs apoptosis and promoted ECM protein production. miR-34a-5p inhibitor undo protective regulation of sh-CCAT2 in liver fibrosis. Furthermore, clinical investigation showed that CCAT2 and Smad4 expression level were significantly induced, while miR-34a-5p was significantly decreased in HBV related liver fibrosis serum. In conclusion, activated HSCs via TGF-β1/Smad4 signaling pathway was successfully alleviated by CCAT2 inhibition through miR-34a-5p elevation.
Efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Xu Suying , Li Yiming , Lv Xuemei , Wei Minjie , He Miao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors have emerged as a new class of therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients with BRCA mutations; however, the efficacy and toxicity of PARP inhibitors have not been clearly established.Methods: This study comprehensively evaluated the efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors in BRCA mutated breast cancer patients. Online databases were systematically searched, and six clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. The primary endpoint of efficacy was PFS, secondary endpoints are OS and ORR. In addition, we also assessed safety.Results: The results of the meta-analysis showed that PARP inhibitors can effectively improve the PFS, and OS of patients compared with the control group. The pooled HR (PARP inhibitor vs control group) was 0.63 (95 % CI, 0.55− 0.73) in PFS and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73 -0.95) in OS among all patients. In terms of safety, PARP inhibitors show controllable adverse reactions. There were no significant differences in overall AEs or grade≥3 AEs between the PARP inhibitor arms and the control arms. Conclusions: In general, this study demonstrates PARP inhibitors perform well in both monotherapy and combination therapy, not only can provide substantial survival benefit, but also do not increase the additional toxicity burden, and the clinical application is promising.
MCluster-VAEs: an end-to-end variational deep learning-based clustering method for subtype discovery using multi-omics data
Authors: Rong Zhiwei , Song Jiali , Cao Lei , Liu Zhilin , Yu Yipei , Qiu Mantang , Hou Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The discovery of cancer subtype based on unsupervised clustering helps provide precise diagnoses, guide treatment and improve patients’ prognoses. Instead of single-omics data, multi-omics data can improve performance of the clustering because it obtains a comprehensive landscape for understanding biological systems and mechanisms. However, heterogeneous data from multiple sources raises high complexity and different kinds of noise, which will be detrimental to the extraction of clustering information.
Methods
We propose an end-to-end deep learning-based method, Multi-omics Clustering Variational Autoencoders (MCluster-VAEs), that can extract cluster-friendly representations on multi-omics data. First, unified network architecture with an attention mechanism is developed for modeling multi-omics data precisely. Then, using a novel objective function built from the Variational Bayes technique, the model is trained to effectively obtain the posterior estimation of clustering assignments.
Results
Compared with twelve other state-of-the-art multi-omics clustering methods, MCluster-VAEs achieved outstanding performance on benchmark datasets from the TCGA database. On the Pan Cancer dataset, MCluster-VAEs achieved adjusted Rand index of around 0.78 for cancer category recognition, an increase of more than 18% compared with other methods. Furthermore, the survival analysis and clinical parameters enrichment tests on ten cancer datasets demonstrate that MCluster-VAEs delivered comparable or even better results than many typical integrative methods.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that MCluster-VAEs is a new powerful tool for dissecting complex multi-omics relationships and providing new insights for cancer subtype discovery.
Nicotine Metabolism and Genetic Polymorphism Cyp2a13 in Male Smokers in Indonesia
Authors: Soeroso Noni Novisari , Soliha Chaliza , Ananda Fannie Rizki , Zain-Hamid Rozaimah , Bihar Syamsul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The rate of nicotine metabolism described the presence of nicotine metabolites, which are the negative impact of cigarette smoke. CYP2A13 is one of the main enzymes responsible for nicotine metabolism and xenobiotic activity in tobacco smoking-related lung cancer.AIM: This study aims to analyze the correlation between CYP2A13 and nicotine metabolism in male smokers in Indonesia.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling to 100 male smokers aged between 20 and 65 years old meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The CYP2A13 polymorphism was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR through venous blood extraction. The levels of nicotine metabolites in the urine samples were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The associations between nicotine metabolism and genetic polymorphism of the CYP2A13 gene in male smokers in Indonesia was determined by logistics regression test using Epi Info-7 software.RESULTS: There were 100 participants involved in this study, in which 78 subjects were with the first stage of CYP2A13 polymorphism. There was no significant correlation between CYP2A13 genotype and nicotine metabolism (p value > 0.05). The CC genotype was more frequently found in the population in this study. Most research subjects had rapid metabolizers.CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between CYP2A13 polymorphism and nicotine metabolism in male smokers in Indonesia. Therefore, it is important to carry out further studies to investigate genetic polymorphisms and nicotine metabolism in different population.
Scientific trends and knowledge structures of exosomes from macrophages: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Yi , Zheng Bowen , Zhong Yuan , Liu Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:Exosomes from macrophages present unique roles in body systems and regulate inflammation or physiological processes. A bibliometric analysis may reveal topic patterns of macrophage-derived exosomes that can be used to investigate future research.Objectives:The aim of this study was to explore the research trends and knowledge structures of macrophage-derived exosomes during past 11years.Materials and methods: Literature related to exosomes from macrophages was scanned in the PubMed database, with a period of 2011 to 2021. The analysis retrieved 2457 records and performed high-frequency major MESH terms/MESH subheadings extraction, biclustering analysis, strategy map analysis, and social network analysis.Results: Cluster analysis yielded 5 categories in which the rather mature clusters in the past 11 years are mainly about bioengineering, therapeutic methods, and osteoclast-related metabolism. Tumor-associated macrophages and exosomes, as well as the regulation of the immune system, are discussed in Cluster 1 and 2, which possess great potential for advancement. Cluster 3 focuses on the interaction of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes with macrophage cytology. Extracellular Vesicles/immunology; Exosomes/transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology; and other terms around the network are all possible future research hotspots, according to the social network analysis.Conclusion: Research topics such as tumor-associated exosomes, exosome physiology, and exosomes/transplantation still deserve deep research. Further research should expand on new topics such as exosomes and macrophages in the tumor environment, exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells, and cell-free therapy.