bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separating Neural Oscillations from Aperiodic 1/f Activity: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Gerster Moritz , Waterstraat Gunnar , Litvak Vladimir , Lehnertz Klaus , Schnitzler Alfons , Florin Esther , Curio Gabriel , Nikulin Vadim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrophysiological power spectra typically consist of two components: An aperiodic part usually following an 1/f power law $$P\propto 1/{f}^{\beta }$$

P
∝
1
/

f

β

and periodic components appearing as spectral peaks. While the investigation of the periodic parts, commonly referred to as neural oscillations, has received considerable attention, the study of the aperiodic part has only recently gained more interest. The periodic part is usually quantified by center frequencies, powers, and bandwidths, while the aperiodic part is parameterized by the y-intercept and the 1/f exponent $$\beta$$
β
. For investigation of either part, however, it is essential to separate the two components. In this article, we scrutinize two frequently used methods, FOOOF (Fitting Oscillations & One-Over-F) and IRASA (Irregular Resampling Auto-Spectral Analysis), that are commonly used to separate the periodic from the aperiodic component. We evaluate these methods using diverse spectra obtained with electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and local field potential (LFP) recordings relating to three independent research datasets. Each method and each dataset poses distinct challenges for the extraction of both spectral parts. The specific spectral features hindering the periodic and aperiodic separation are highlighted by simulations of power spectra emphasizing these features. Through comparison with the simulation parameters defined a priori, the parameterization error of each method is quantified. Based on the real and simulated power spectra, we evaluate the advantages of both methods, discuss common challenges, note which spectral features impede the separation, assess the computational costs, and propose recommendations on how to use them.
Throwing Injury Prevention Strategies with a Whole Kinetic Chain-Focused Approach
Authors: Mayes Michael , Salesky Madeleine , Lansdown Drew A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review examines the relationship between the baseball pitching motion and the kinetic chain. The goal was to determine the underlying causes of a deficiency in throwing mechanics throughout a throwing motion, and to provide an evidence-based approach on how to prevent injuries caused by a lack of proper mechanics. In doing so, we sought to provide a warm-up strategy that can be added to every baseball player’s daily on-field routine that is tailored to each phase of the throwing motion.

Recent Findings
To help minimize the risk of injury to overhead throwing athletes, a thorough understanding of the throwing motion is critical. Throwing a ball places extreme stress on the body, notably the shoulder and elbow joints. With a clear understanding of the biomechanics of throwing, we can develop an injury prevention routine to minimize unnecessary stresses throughout the kinetic chain.

Summary
The throwing cycle is a complex motion that places various stresses throughout the thrower’s body, from the ankle to the core, and from the back to the shoulder and elbow. A thorough understanding of the mechanics of this motion, along with specific exercises to target the specific actions of each phase, may allow for throwers, regardless of their age and experience, to minimize injury risk.
Indigo Carmine Dye–Assisted Lymphatic-Sparing Microsurgical Subinguinal Varicocelectomy Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ando Satoshi , Nakamura Shigeru , Hyuga Taiju , Tanabe Kazuya , Nakai Hideo , Fujimura Tetsuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to clarify the safety and efficacy of indigo carmine dye–assisted lymphatic-sparing microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy for children and adolescents in our institution. Medical records of boys aged ≤ 15 years who underwent varicocelectomy between November 2008 and December 2019 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy was performed using indigo carmine injection under the tunica vaginalis to preserve lymphatics. A total of 29 patients underwent varicocelectomy, among whom six underwent retroperitoneal high ligation (modified Palomo technique), nine underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy, and 14 underwent microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy. The median operative time for retroperitoneal high ligation, laparoscopic varicocelectomy, and microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy was 71 (IQR: 59–82.5) min, 131 (95–151) min, and 125.5 (112–134.25) min, respectively. Among the patients who underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy, one and two experienced hydrocele and varicocele recurrence as postoperative complications, respectively. None of the patients who underwent microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy developed hydrocele and varicocele recurrence during 15.5-month median follow-up period (IQR: 11.25–25.75 month). Indigo carmine dye–assisted lymphatic-sparing microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy can be a safe and efficient treatment modality among children and adolescents.
Prognostic value of post-percutaneous coronary intervention diastolic pressure ratio
Authors: Masdjedi K. , van Zandvoort L. J. C. , Neleman T. , Kardys I. , Ligthart J. , Den Dekker W. K. , Diletti R. , Zijlstra F. , Van Mieghem N. M. , Daemen J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the distribution of a generic diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) after angiographically successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to assess its association with the 2‑year incidence of target vessel failure (TVF), defined as a composite of cardiac mortality, target vessel revascularisation, target vessel myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis.

Methods
The dPR SEARCH study is a post hoc analysis of the prospective single-centre FFR-SEARCH registry, in which physiological assessment was performed after angiographically successful PCI in a total of 1000 patients, using a dedicated microcatheter. dPR was calculated offline with recently validated software in a subset of 735 patients.

Results
Mean post-PCI dPR was 0.95 ± 0.06. Post-PCI dPR was ≤ 0.89 in 15.2% of the patients. The cumulative incidence of TVF at 2‑year follow-up was 9.4% in patients with a final post-PCI dPR ≤ 0.89 as compared to 6.1% in patients with a post-PCI dPR > 0.89 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for dPR ≤ 0.89: 1.53; 95% CI 0.74–3.13; p = 0.249). dPR ≤ 0.89 was associated with significantly higher cardiac mortality at 2 years; adjusted HR 2.40; 95% CI 1.01–5.68; p = 0.047.

Conclusions
In a real-world setting, despite optimal angiographic PCI results, 15.2% of the patients had a final post-PCI dPR of ≤ 0.89, which was associated with a higher incidence of TVF and a significantly higher cardiac mortality rate.
Enhancing students’ beliefs regarding programming self-efficacy and intrinsic value of an online distributed Programming Environment
Authors: Daradoumis Thanasis , Marquès Puig Joan Manuel , Arguedas Marta , Calvet Liñan Laura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have explored the factors that influence self-efficacy as well as its contribution to academic development in online learning environments in recent years. However, little research has investigated the effect of a web-based learning environment on enhancing students’ beliefs about self-efficacy for learning. This is especially noticeable in the field of online distributed programming. We need to design online learning environments for programming education that foster both students’ self-efficacy for programming learning and the added value that students perceive of the tool as a successful learning environment. To that end, we conducted a quantitative analysis to collect and analyze data of students using an online Distributed Systems Laboratory (DSLab) in an authentic, long-term online educational experience. The results indicate that (1) our distributed programming learning tool provides an environment that increases students’ belief of programming self-efficacy; (2) the students’ experience with the tool strengthens their belief in the intrinsic value of the tool; however (3) the relationship between students’ belief in the tool intrinsic value and their self-efficacy is inconclusive. This study provides relevant implications for online distributed (or general) programming course teachers who seek to increase students’ engagement, learning and performance in this field.
A method for the experimental characterisation of novel drag-reducing materials for very low Earth orbits using the Satellite for Orbital Aerodynamics Research (SOAR) mission
Authors: Crisp Nicholas H. , Roberts Peter C. E. , Hanessian Virginia , Sulliotti-Linner Valeria , Herdrich Georg H. , García-Almiñana Daniel , Kataria Dhiren , Seminari Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Satellite for Orbital Aerodynamics Research (SOAR) is a 3U CubeSat mission that aims to investigate the gas–surface interactions (GSIs) of different materials in the very low Earth orbit environment (VLEO), i.e. below 450 km. Improving the understanding of these interactions is critical for the development of satellites that can operate sustainably at these lower orbital altitudes, with particular application to future Earth observation and communications missions. SOAR has been designed to perform the characterisation of the aerodynamic coefficients of four different materials at different angles of incidence with respect to the flow and at different altitudes in the VLEO altitude range. Two conventional and erosion-resistant materials (borosilicate glass and sputter-coated gold) have first been selected to support the validation of the ground-based Rarefied Orbital Aerodynamics Research (ROAR) facility. Two further, novel materials have been selected for their potential to reduce the drag experienced in orbit whilst also remaining resistant to the detrimental effects of atomic oxygen erosion in VLEO. In this paper, the uncertainty associated with the experimental method for determining the aerodynamic coefficients of satellite with different configurations of the test materials from on-orbit data is estimated for different assumed gas–surface interaction properties. The presented results indicate that for reducing surface accommodation coefficients the experimental uncertainty on the drag coefficient determination generally increases, a result of increased aerodynamic attitude perturbations. This effect is also exacerbated by the high atmospheric density at low orbital altitude (i.e. 200 km), resulting in high experimental uncertainty. Co-rotated steerable fin configurations are shown to provide generally lower experimental uncertainty than counter-rotated configurations, with the lowest uncertainties expected in the mid-VLEO altitudes ($$\sim$$
∼
300 km). For drag coefficient experiments, configurations with two fins oriented at 90$$^{\circ }$$

∘

were found to allow the best differentiation between surfaces with different GSI performance. In comparison, the determination of the lift coefficient is found to be improve as the altitude is reduced from 400 to 200 km. These experiments were also found to show the best expected performance in determining the GSI properties of different materials. SOAR was deployed into an orbit of 421 km $$\times$$
×
415 km with 51.6$$^{\circ }$$

∘

inclination on 14 June 2021. This orbit will naturally decay allowing access to different altitudes over the lifetime of the mission. The results presented in this paper will be used to plan the experimental schedule for this mission and to maximise the scientific output.
Inclusive, colour-blind, and deficit: Understanding teachers' contradictory views of Aboriginal students’ participation in education
Authors: Weuffen Sara , Maxwell Jacinta , Lowe Kevin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes evidence-based scholarship to how teachers understand the value of Aboriginal student-focussed programmes and how discourses of Indigeneity appear to influence those views. Interviews withn = 22 teachers acrossn = 3 secondary school sites in New South Wales highlighted teachers’ understanding of Aboriginal programmes as primarily contributing to students’ behavioural and academic improvement. The interviewed teachers spoke positively about Aboriginal students’ current academic achievements and prospects for their bright futures as graduates, albeit from within deficit and colour-blind discourses. Utilising Moodie’s Decolonising Race Theory framework, teachers’ juxtaposing beliefs resonate with existing decolonising education research which indicates a performativity of cultural inclusion through adherence to settler-colonial practices, while at the same time, an intellectual desire to move away from the legacy of Australia’s contentious colonial past.
Under pressure and overlooked: the impact of COVID-19 on teachers in NSW public schools
Authors: Fray Leanne , Jaremus Felicia , Gore Jennifer , Miller Andrew , Harris Jess 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has put unprecedented pressure on teachers around the world, raising significant concerns about their workload and wellbeing. Our comparison of 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (first year of the pandemic) survey data (n = 362) from teachers in New South Wales, Australia, demonstrates that their morale and efficacy declined significantly during COVID-19, even with the relatively short period of school closure (8 weeks) during 2020. Interviews with teachers and school leaders (n = 18) reinforced these findings and highlighted the depth to which teachers felt dispensable and unappreciated, despite working incredibly hard for their students. The pressure to adapt to online teaching and learning, in trying circumstances, also challenged their confidence in their teaching. We argue that practical and emotional support for teachers both during periods of remote learning and upon students’ return to the classroom is essential to support teacher’s wellbeing and a robust teaching workforce into the future.
Effect of the Heat Input on Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing of Invar 36 Alloy: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Veiga Fernando , Suárez Alfredo , Artaza Teresa , Aldalur Eider 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvar, also known as FeNi36, is a material of great interest due to its unique properties, which makes it an excellent alternative for sectors such as tooling in aeronautics and aerospace. Its manufacture by means of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology could extend its use. This paper aims to evaluate the comparison of two of the most widespread WAAM technologies: plasma arc welding (PAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW). This comparison is based on the analysis of wall geometry, metallography, and mechanical properties of the material produced by both technologies. The results show a slight increase in toughness and elongation before fracture and worse tensile strength data in the case of PAW, with average values of 485 MPa for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 31% for elongation and 475 MPa, 40% in GMAW and PAW, respectively. All results gathered from the analysis show the possibility of successful manufacturing of Invar by means of WAAM technologies. The novelties presented in this paper allow us to establish relationships between the thermal input of the process itself and the mechanical and metallographic properties of the material produced.
Implicit optimal variational collaborative filtering
Authors: Walker Joojo , Zhou Fan , Baagyere Edward Y. , Ahene Emmanuel , Zhang Fengli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, variational autoencoder (VAE), a model that supports Bayesian inference and variational posterior distribution approximation, has been used to address the prevailing challenge of inefficient modelling of non-linear user-item interactions in collaborative filtering (CF). However, the choices of prior distributions in these VAE-based CF models are inadequate to determine the underlying distributions, leading to skewed maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters. In this paper, we present an Implicit Optimal Variational autoencoder model for collaborative filtering (IOVA-CF) to alleviate this challenge. Specifically, IOVA-CF utilizes a novel implicit optimal prior, which aids in generating excellent latent representations. This implicit optimal prior (IoP) is an aggregated posterior prior (AP), that is, the posterior’s expectation of the data distribution. However, unlike previous AP, IoP utilizes the density ratio technique to compute the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence without explicitly capturing the aggregated posterior. Besides, we can calculate the KL divergence between the aggregated posterior and the inference network in a closed-form using the density ratio technique, making IoP an optimal prior for maximizing the objective function. Additionally, unlike earlier VAE-based recommendation models, IOVA-CF significantly alleviates the over-regularization issue. Furthermore, IOVA-CF can adequately capture the latent space’s uncertainty. Finally, empirical evaluations with several competitive baseline models on four (4) real-world datasets reveal the superior performance of IOVA-CF.
Surgical-site infection after hip fracture surgery: preoperative full-body disinfection compared to local disinfection of the surgical site—a population-based observational cohort study
Authors: Probert Noelle , Andersson Åsa G. , Magnuson Anders , Kjellberg Elin , Wretenberg Per 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Swedish national guidelines recommend full-body disinfection (FBD) with 4% chlorhexidine before hip fracture surgery to prevent surgical-site infection (SSI) despite little evidence. Our objective was to compare preoperative FBD with local disinfection (LD) of the surgical site regarding SSI incidence.

Methods
All patients with hip fracture, operated at a hospital in Sweden, January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were included. Patients in 2018 (n = 237) were prepared with FBD and patients in 2019 (n = 259) with LD. Primary outcome was SSI and secondary outcome was SSI and/or death. We adjusted for potential confounders with logistic regression. The adjusted analysis was performed in two models to enable assessment of variables that lacked either outcome; in the first model, these variables were not adjusted, and the second model was restricted to a sub-population not affected by respective variables.

Results
There were 16 (6.8%) cases of SSI in 2018 and 8 (3.1%) cases in 2019. FBD (2018) compared to LD (2019) presented an adjusted OR of 1.9 (95%CI 0.8–4.9, P = 0.16) respectively 2.0 (95%CI 0.8–5.1, P = 0.14) in the two models of the logistic regression. In addition, 40 (16.9%) patients in 2018 and 29 (11.2%) patients in 2019 had the combined outcome of SSI and/or death, adjusted OR 1.6 (95% CI 0.9–2.8, P = 0.08) respectively 1.7 (95% CI 0.9–2.9, P = 0.06).

Conclusion
We found a non-significant increased risk of SSI 2018 compared to 2019 after adjustment. Randomized control trials are needed. Nonetheless, results suggest that LD is not inferior to FBD regarding SSI prevention, meaning patients could potentially be spared substantial pain.
A geometric view of closure phases in interferometry
Authors: Thyagarajan Nithyanandan , Carilli Chris L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Closure phase is the phase of a closed-loop product of spatial coherences formed by a

${\ge}3$

-element interferometer array. Its invariance to phase corruption attributable to individual array elements acquired during the propagation and the measurement processes, subsequent calibration, and errors therein, makes it a valuable tool in interferometry applications that otherwise require high-accuracy phase calibration. However, its understanding has remained mainly mathematical and limited to the aperture plane (Fourier dual of the image plane). Here, we present a geometrical, image domain view of closure phase, which until now has been lacking. Using the principal triangle in a 3-element interference image formed by a triad of interferometer elements, we show that the properties of closure phase, particularly its invariance to multiplicative element-based corruption factors (even of a large magnitude) and to translation, are intricately related to the conserved properties of the triangle, namely, its shape, orientation, and size, which is referred herein as the ‘shape-orientation-size (SOS) conservation principle’. In the absence of a need for element-based amplitude calibration of the interferometer array (as is typical in optical interferometry), the principal triangle in any 3-element interference image formed from phase-uncalibrated spatial coherences is still a true and uncorrupted representation of the source object’s morphology, except for a possible shift. Based on this knowledge of the triangle SOS conservation principle, we present two geometric methods to measure the closure phase directly from a simple 3-element interference image (without requiring an aperture-plane view): (i) the closure phase is directly measurable from any one of the triangle’s heights, and (ii) the squared closure phase is proportional to the product of the areas enclosed by the triad of array elements and the principal triangle in the aperture and image planes, respectively. We validate the geometric understanding of closure phase in the image plane using observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, and the Event Horizon Telescope. These results verify the SOS conservation principle across a wide range of radio interferometric conditions. This geometric insight can be potentially valuable to other interferometric applications, such as optical interferometry. We also generalise these geometric relationships to an N-element interferometer.
Transformation from the Ottoman State to the Modern Republic of Turkey: The Renewal Party and Karakol
Authors: Altinkas Evren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfter the end of WWI, the leaders of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) established a political party, Renewal Party, and an underground organization, Karakol, in order to organize a resistance against the Allies and their presence in Ottoman territories. These institutions played an important role in the formation of national resistance in Anatolia before Mustafa Kemal's arrival in the region. The establishment of local resistance forces by former CUP members in Anatolia under the name of Renewal Party and the formation of a network in Istanbul to facilitate the smuggling of weapons, ammunition, former military officers, and Unionists to Anatolia were crucial for the formation of a national resistance movement to be organized under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal after May 1919. This article focuses on these two institutions and their role in Turkish National Struggle.