bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming challenges for implementing nature-based solutions in deltaic environments: insights from the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh
Authors: Gain Animesh K , Rahman Mohammed Mofizur , Sadik Md Shibly , Adnan Mohammed Sarfaraz Gani , Ahmad Sate , Ahsan Shaiikh Muhammad Mehedi , Ashik-Ur-Rahman Md , Balke Thorsten , Datta Dilip K , Dewan Camelia , Huq Nazmul , Khan M Shah Alam , Large Andy , Mallick Bishawjit , Mohibbullah M , Mondal M Shahjahan , Narayan Siddharth , Rabbani Golam , Rahman Rezaur , Renaud Fabrice G , Rogers Kimberly G , van Loon-Steensma Jantsje M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Ganges-Brahmaputra (GB) delta is one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world due to a combination of high population density and exposure to tropical cyclones, floods, salinity intrusion and other hazards. Due to the complexity of natural deltaic processes and human influence on these processes, structural solutions like embankments are inadequate on their own for effective hazard mitigation. This article examines nature-based solutions (NbSs) as a complementary or alternative approach to managing hazards in the GB delta. We investigate the potential of NbS as a complementary and sustainable method for mitigating the impacts of coastal disaster risks, mainly cyclones and flooding. Using the emerging framework of NbS principles, we evaluate three existing approaches: tidal river management, mangrove afforestation, and oyster reef cultivation, all of which are actively being used to help reduce the impacts of coastal hazards. We also identify major challenges (socioeconomic, biophysical, governance and policy) that need to be overcome to allow broader application of the existing approaches by incorporating the NbS principles. In addition to addressing GB delta-specific challenges, our findings provide more widely applicable insights into the challenges of implementing NbS in deltaic environments globally.
Highly adsorbent surface from watermelon peels : as non-conventional low-cost sorbent ; Equilibrium and Recycle study
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M. , Hamid Ghadeer S. , Katham Ayat A. , Abdulkadhm Mohammed Mustafa , Lafta Holya A. , Al-Dhalimy Aiman Mohammed Baqir , Alkaim Ayad F. , Abed Salwan Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this research, it was approved to use available environmentally friendly and low cost absorbent materials such as un-activated watermelon peels (WP) as an ideal surface to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. That watermelon peels un-activated, the ability to be recycled and used again, by washing it (water, acid and base). Using several techniques to estimate the chemical-physical properties of a surface before and after the adsorption process, such as (FTIR) and (FESEM). By increasing the surface weight (WP), the percentage of removal of methylene blue dye increases, on the contrary, the adsorption efficiency decreases. The isotherm model for adsorption was based on the use of two types of Fruendlich model and Langmuir model and through the value of ( R2) it was found that it obeys the Fruendlich model.
The First Confirmed Record Of European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula Hypoleuca For Iraq
Authors: Abed Salwan Ali , Salim Mudhafar A. , Harbi Zaman Salman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While conducting intensive field surveys in different locations of various habitats in Iraq arranged by the Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain and the Iraqi Organization for Conservation of Nature (IOCN), some considerable observations on birds and their habitats in various locations were made. This included adding new bird-species to the Avifaunal of Iraq, in addition to new observations of confirmed breeding of some bird species. A new Passerine species, European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, was added to the Iraqi bird checklist after it was clearly observed and photographed during one of IOCN’s surveys in Zakho mountains, Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq. This observation was documented and the habitat was described as well. The current paper documents the first confirmed record of this species for the bird-list of Iraq.
Environmental Effects Of Monosodium Glutamate On (NF-κB) Levels In The Male Reproductive System Of Rats
Authors: Al-Husseini Alaa Mohammad Hasson , Al-Waely Leena Adeeb Mehdi , Kazem Ahmed Abdel Ameer , Mashkoor Nabeel Rahi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been identified as a food additive that Adversely affects MSG use on the reproductive efficiency by several mechanisms, this study was carried out to determine its role in stimulating the immune response in the reproductive system by estimating levels of NF-κB in serum and of its expression in reproductive organs. Thirty sex males rats were used in this study each included 12 male rats. Male rats A and B are receiving 60 and 120 mg/kg for 28 days respectively male rats of the control group were left without treatment for the period of the experiment. The levels of Nuclear factor-kappa NF-κB in serum and tissue fluid of testes and epididymis were measured. histological changes in addition to detection NF-κB expression were studying in testes and epididymis. Results of the present study recorded the toxic effect of MSG as it caused an elevation in the levels of NF-κB in serum, testicular, and epididymis tissue fluid. histological alternation in the reproductive organs was observed to represent detachment and vacuolation of the seminal epithelium, degeneration of spermatogenesis edema in a lumen in testicular tissues. Epididymal sections appeared to sever necrosis, degeneration in the epithelial layer and stereocilia, and the lumen of the epididymis. Also there was an increasing density of NFκB protein immunoreactivity in both testis and epididymis.
A Numerical Study for Solving Mathematical Model in Chemistry and Environment
Authors: Mohammed Mechee S. , Mahdi Ahlam A. , Al-Mousawi Ali N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to demonstrate how the first order ordinary differential equation may be use as a mathematical model to explain chemical processes and mixture situations. The application of the ordinary differential equation of the first degree was analyze in the modeling of some chemical phenomena, such as clarifying the application in the problems of mixing solutions in both single and multiple tank systems. These problems were develope with the presentation of the first form of the model to include n-tank.
Survey of Khor Al-Zubair and Umm Qasr Mudflat Birds: Effect of Tidal Cycle and Seasonal Variations on Their Assemblages and Abundance, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Ali Malik Hassan , Mohammed Hanaa Hussein , Salim Mudhafar A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ornithological surveys were conducted at tidal mudflats that nationally represents one of the marine key biodiversity (KBA) areas at Khor Al-Zubair (KBZ) and Umm Qasr south-east of Basrah City, Iraq. On the basis of hourly counting for 7h monitoring period at day time and covering an area of 7.5 km2 of the intertidal zone, a 7 surveys were conducted from March 2019 until January 2020. A total of 7658 individual birds belongs to 54 species have been recorded. The highest numbers of birds per a day were recorded in Autumn and Winter 4869, 1999 respectively, which coincided with the migration seasons. The lowest numbers were recorded during the Summer season just where only 61 birds have been observed. The birds assemblages and their abundance during the high tide times and during the low tide times were compared statistically and the results weren’t different (t < 0.05). Additional observations of different surveys targeted different sites of the KAZ mudflat over the period 2005-2020 have resulted in a final list consists of 102 bird species, a result reflecting the importance of this habitat to various migratory and resident birds.
High harmonic generation and application for photoemission spectroscopy in condensed matter
Authors: Zhong Shiyang , Liang Yueying , Wang Shuai , Teng Hao , He Xinkui , Wei Zhiyi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) delivering attosecond pulse duration with photon energy in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range has been demonstrated as a robust table-top coherent light source, allowing for the observation and manipulation of ultrafast process within the shortest time window ever made by humans. The past decade has witnessed the rapid progress of HHG from a variety of solid targets and its application for photoemission spectroscopy in condensed matter. In this article, we review the HHG in solids and the understanding of the underlying physics of HHG, which allows all-optical band structure reconstruction. We also introduce combinations of HHG source and photoemission spectroscopy, such as angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and photoemission electron microscopy. With the capacity of exploring a wide momentum space and high temporal resolution, the extension of attosecond science to the field of condensed matter physics will lead to new insights into the fundamental ultrafast dynamics in novel quantum materials.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Hospitalized Children With Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Condition: An Analysis of the VIRUS COVID-19 Registry
Authors: Sayed Imran A. , Bhalala Utpal , Strom Larisa , Tripathi Sandeep , Kim John S. , Michaud Kristina , Chiotos Kathleen , Dapul Heda R. , Gharpure Varsha P. , Bjornstad Erica C. , Heneghan Julia A. , Irby Katherine , Montgomery Vicki , Gupta Neha , Gupta Manoj , Boman Karen , Bansal Vikas , Kashyap Rahul , Walkey Allan J. , Kumar Vishakha K. , Gist Katja M. ,   on behalf of the VIRUS Investigators
Published: May 2022

Background:
Describe the incidence and associated outcomes of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in hospitalized children (MIS-C).

Methods:
Retrospective review of the Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study registry, a prospective observational, multicenter international cohort study of hospitalized children with acute COVID-19 or MIS-C from March 2020 to November 2020. The primary outcome measure was critical COVID-19 illness. Multivariable models were performed to assess for associations of GI involvement with the primary composite outcome in the entire cohort and a subpopulation of patients with MIS-C. Secondary outcomes included prolonged hospital length of stay defined as being >75th percentile and mortality.

Results:
Of the 789 patients, GI involvement was present in 500 (63.3%). Critical illness occurred in 392 (49.6%), and 18 (2.3%) died. Those with GI involvement were older (median age of 8 yr), and 18.2% had an underlying GI comorbidity. GI symptoms and liver derangements were more common among patients with MIS-C. In the adjusted multivariable models, acute COVID-19 was no associated with the primary or secondary outcomes. Similarly, despite the preponderance of GI involvement in patients with MIS-C, it was also not associated with the primary or secondary outcomes.

Conclusions:
GI involvement is common in hospitalized children with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C. GI involvement is not associated with critical illness, hospital length of stay or mortality in acute COVID-19 or MIS-C.
A Nomogram to Predict Bacterial Meningitis-associated Hydrocephalus: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Meng Linxue , Peng Xiao-ling , Xu Hao-yue , Chen Dou-dou , Zhang Han , Hu Yue 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
We aimed to develop a predictive nomogram for the early detection of hydrocephalus in children with bacterial meningitis.

Methods:
This retrospective study was based on data of children with bacterial meningitis admitted to our hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. Risk factors were evaluated using univariate analysis, and the predictive model/nomogram was built using binary logistic analysis. A nomogram calibration plot, Hosmer–Lemeshow test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluated the predictive performance. Ordinary bootstrapping processed the internal validation.

Results:
We enrolled 283 patients who matched the inclusion criteria, among whom 41 cases (14.49%) had confirmed bacterial meningitis-associated hydrocephalus (BMAH). The incidence of sequelae in the patients with BMAH was 88.9% (24/27), which was significantly higher than that in the patients without BMAH. Univariate regression analysis revealed that 14 clinical indicators were associated with BMAH. Multivariate analysis identified 4 variables as independent risk factors to establish the predictive model: repeated seizures, loss of consciousness, procalcitonin ≥7.5 ng/dL and mechanical ventilation. And a graphical nomogram was designed. The area under the ROC curve was 0.910. In the Hosmer–Lemeshow test the P value was 0.610. The mean absolute error in the calibration plot was 0.02. Internal validation showed the testing set was in good accordance with the original set when internal validation was performed.

Conclusions:
The predictive model/nomogram of BMAH could be used by clinicians to determine hydrocephalus risk.
A Retrospective Analysis of Tick-borne Encephalitis in Children Treated in Kaunas Hospital During 2012 to 2019
Authors: Bogdanavičienė Karolina , Gudavičiūtė Gerda , Šeškutė Milda 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Lithuania has the highest tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) rates in Europe. Although TBE incidence in children is lower, it may still cause long-term consequences. So far pediatric epidemiological and clinical characteristics of TBE in Lithuania were not described.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of 87 cases of children who were hospitalized for TBE in Kaunas Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences from 2012 to 2019. Each case was identified with neurological symptoms and positive serological tests.

Results:
Around half of the children (50.6%) reported having a tick bite, whereas 6.9% stated having exposure to unpasteurized milk. Biphasic course of the disease occurred in 70.1% of the cases. The most common clinical symptoms were headache (100%), fever (100%), nausea (85.1%), vomiting (78.2%), drowsiness (67.8%) and general weakness (66.7%). Meningeal symptoms were present in 93.1% of the cases, and 93.1% of the children had at least one focal neurological sign (tremor 82.3%, impaired balance 73.6%). Isolated meningitis was diagnosed in 57.5%, meningoencephalitis in 41.4% and meningoencephalomyelitis in 1.1% of the cases. Majority of younger children (1–8 years old) had meningitis (77.3%), whereas 49.2% of older children (9–17 years old) had more severe forms of TBE. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was found in 94.3% of cases (average white blood cell count: 111.7 per μL, protein: 0.5 g/L). Higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid protein were associated with more severe forms of TBE and older age. Duration of the symptomatic disease lasted ≈11 days. Early residual signs were observed in 75.9% of all cases.

Conclusions:
The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of TBE in children in Lithuania are similar to those described in other countries. Only half of the subjects reported having a tick bite. Younger children tend to suffer from meningoencephalitis and meningoencephalomyelitis less frequently than elder ones. Focal neurological signs were commonly observed. Majority of children had lasting symptoms of TBE upon discharge from the hospital.
Alleviating skin barrier disruption, skin inflammation and pruritus: a moisturizing spray containing β-glucan and panthenol
Authors: Zhu Jia , Wang Yong-Fang , Song Sha-Sha , Wu Li-Li , Chen Yi , Li Xin-Yu , Ju Mei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Chronic pruritus is induced by a variety of causes and is an extremely common clinical problem. Previous studies have shown that many inflammatory skin diseases are associated with dry skin-induced pruritus. However, the relationship between skin inflammation, skin barrier function, and pruritus remains unclarified. The present study aimed to explore this relationship using an acetone-ether-water (AEW) mouse model, and to investigate the effects of the combined application of β-glucan and panthenol in a moisturizing spray in this mouse model.

Methods:
A dry skin-induced chronic pruritus mouse model was established by repeated AEW treatment of the skin. The pruritic behavior, skin barrier function, and expression of molecules related to pruritus and inflammation in topical lesions were measured. The effects of a spray containing β-glucan and panthenol were observed.

Results:
AEW treatment triggered spontaneous scratching with significantly increased numbers of scratching bouts, and disrupted the skin barrier with a significant increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values and a significant decrease in filaggrin gene (FLG) expression (P < 0.01). AEW treatment also significantly increased the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the pruritis-associated molecules nerve growth factor (NGF), cathepsin S (CTSS), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the skin (P < 0.01). Application of the spray containing β-glucan and panthenol significantly alleviated these responses, resulting in a reduced number of scratching bouts in 1 hour, reduced TEWL values, increased FLG mRNA expression, and reduced mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, CTSS, TSLP, and NGF in skin lesions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The present results suggest a relationship between damaged skin barrier function, pruritus, and inflammation. Adding β-glucan and panthenol to moisturizing skincare products may alleviate pruritus induced by dry skin, improve the damaged skin barrier function, and reduce the inflammatory state in local skin areas.
Role of Environment on Physical Activity Patterns of Older Adults Living With HIV in New York City
Authors: Voigt Natalie , Liu Jianfang , Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra , Schnall Rebecca , Poghosyan Lusine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to survey the physical activity (PA) patterns of older adults with HIV and investigate the relationship between environmental factors and PA in this population. This study was a secondary data analysis from 100 adults, ages 50 years and older, living with HIV in New York City. Descriptive statistics assessed PA patterns. Linear regression assessed the association between environmental factors and time spent in PA. All participants had been living with HIV for 21 years on average, were on antiretroviral therapy, ranged in age from 50 to 71 years, and were 50% female. Participants performed at 75% of their functional capacity (p < .0001), and females walked less than males (p < .05). Traffic hazards were the sole environmental predictor of PA participation. Targeted interventions are needed to increase PA in this growing population. Interventions at the policy level should reduce traffic hazards to support PA.
Peer Review of Teaching to Promote a Culture of Excellence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hinrichs Lauren A. , Judd Dana L. , Hernandez Meghan , Rapport Mary Jane 
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose.
A main component of the conceptual model of excellence in physical therapist education, introduced by Jensen et al, is a culture of excellence. A culture of excellence relies on identifying accountable faculty who set high expectations and execute systems toward ongoing improvement. Peer review of teaching (PRT) is an established system that cultivates a culture of collaboration, reflection, and excellence through feedback and collegial discourse. The purpose of this scoping review was to understand PRT implementation by 1) summarizing the program development process, 2) identifying program characteristics, 3) identifying review instruments, and 4) determining program evaluation strategies.

Methods.
A scoping review was conducted using a methodological framework. With library scientist counsel, search terms were established, and 3 databases were queried for articles describing PRT programs in health care education. Articles were managed in the Covidence Systematic Review Management Software. Researchers independently screened search results for article inclusion and extracted data from included studies. Descriptive data analysis was conducted.

Results.
Thirty-five articles met inclusion criteria. Seven different health care professions have published PRT articles; however, none in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education. Results indicated that most programs underwent a systematic development process, included faculty input, and sought to ensure consistency between the program purpose and characteristics. A 3-step formative process was most common. Faculty were paired systematically or used self-selection. Evaluative instruments were often program specific, guided by core competencies of teaching excellence or previously published tools. Program outcomes commonly reported positive faculty opinion of PRT and teaching improvement. Only 2 articles evaluated student metrics to assess PRT impact and effectiveness.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Peer review of teaching has been successfully adopted by health care education faculty to promote teaching excellence and could be a foundation for creating a culture of excellence in DPT education. These results provide an understanding of the processes for implementing PRT to guide DPT educators establishing PRT programs.
Regional lymph node recurrence without intragastric lesions after curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer meeting the absolute indications of endoscopic resection
Authors: Shin Hyun Wook , Park Ji Yeon , Bae Han Ik , Park Ki Bum , Kwon Oh Kyoung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
With the increase of gastric cancer surveillance and endoscopic resection techniques, the number of endoscopic resections being performed for the treatment of early gastric cancer in East Asian countries has been increasing. Previously, endoscopic resection has been limited to only differentiated type intramucosal cancers which had a diameter ≤2.0 cm, provided there was no evidence of ulceration and lymphovascular invasion, known as absolute indications. And recently, indications for endoscopic resection have been expanded to include even more cases.

Patient concerns:
A 57-year-old female, who had undergone curative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer under the absolute indications for endoscopic resection 5 years prior, was referred to the department of general surgery with metastatic perigastric lymph nodes without intragastric lesions.

Diagnosis:
Computed tomography scan revealed the presence of a few enlarged lymph nodes at the distal part of the lesser curvature of the stomach. And positron emission tomography scan further revealed the presence of two hypermetabolic lymph nodes near the common hepatic artery, suggestive of metastatic lymph nodes.

Interventions:
Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy with D2 lymph node dissection were performed.

Outcomes:
Final pathology report revealed the absence of any residual carcinoma in the stomach. However lymphovascular invasion of omental fat, and 3 out of 29 perigastric lymph nodes harvested had metastatic adenocarcinoma.

Lessons:
The case demonstrates that regional lymph node recurrence without intragastric lesions after curative resection of early gastric cancer meeting the absolute indications for endoscopic resection is possible even 5 years after resection of the primary lesion.