bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislative agenda-setting power of social media
Authors: Upadhyay Akanksa , Trifiro Briana Marie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In an effort to understand the legislative agenda setting impacts of social media content, the present study analyzes political discourse on Twitter regarding the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act. Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to dissect the Twitter conversation aimed at Representative Karen Bass, the sponsor of the H.R.7120, in the weeks leading up to the bill’s filing, our analysis of nearly 68,000 tweets posted in the days before the bill’s filing reveals that constituents strongly urged the Representative to work on legislation targeted on police reform – offering evidence of how constituents demanded, and drove, legislative action. Considering our findings, we argue that there is considerable potential for social media to serve as an amplifier of social issues and concerns among constituents. Through this process, we posit that social media can prove to be a vital catalyst in social justice reform.
Unanticipated Fault Diagnosis Method of Telescope Drive System Based on Latent Variable Mining
Authors: Li Yun , Yang Shihai , Deng Zhuangzhuang , Gao Zhiwen , Gu Xiaojie , Li Xiaoyan , Gu Bozhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A Latent Variable Mining strategy for unanticipated state diagnosis in a telescope drive system has been proposed in this study. Compared with the existing analysis methods of explicit variables commonly used in fault diagnosis, the latent variable mining method proposed in this paper has the advantage of mining the deep hidden information of the system. First, a strategy for extracting latent variables with Stable Kernels Representation as the detection statistics is established in this paper. Then, principal component regression is used to construct an unanticipated fault diagnose strategy. Finally, an experimental platform for unanticipated load variation of the telescope drive system is established in the article, and the method proposed in this article is used to perform diagnostic tests on it. The test results show that for the unanticipated faults that cannot be correctly identified by the explicit variable analysis, the latent variable analysis method can clearly distinguish them to achieve the purpose of unanticipated fault diagnosis. All of the above show a good performance of the proposed unanticipated diagnosis strategy based on Latent Variable Mining with telescope drive system.
Site-testing at Muztagh-ata site. IV. Precipitable Water Vapor
Authors: Xu Jing , Li MingShuai , Esamdin Ali , Wang Na , Pu Guangxin , Wang Letian , Feng Guojie , Zhang Xuan , Ma Shuguo , Lv Jinquan , Zheng Xingwu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This is the fourth article in a series studying on the site-testing at Muztagh-ata site. The results of the characterization of precipitable water vapor (PWV) in the atmospheric column at Muztagh-ata site are presented. This paper studies the temporal variability of PWV, acquired from remote sensing data sets and validated by limited radiometers data, spanning a period from 2018 to 2019. The clear day PWV annual median values are 2.28 mm and 2.37 mm for 2018 and 2019 respectively. The results show that the driest seasons at Muztagh-ata site are from October to March and there are about 60 ∼ 70 days with daily median PWV less than 2 mm in this period. Atmospheric transmission in mid-infrared bands calculated by AM model confirms the IR observation potential of Muztagh-ata site.
Automated Extended Aperture Photometry of K2 Variable Stars
Authors: Bódi Attila , Szabó Pál , Plachy Emese , Molnár László , Szabó Róbert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Proper photometric data are challenging to obtain in the K2 mission of the Kepler space telescope due to strong systematics caused by the two-wheel-mode operation. It is especially true for variable stars wherein physical phenomena occur on timescales similar to the instrumental signals. We originally developed a method with the aim to extend the photometric aperture to be able to compensate the motion of the telescope which we named Extended Aperture Photometry (EAP). Here we present the outline of the automatized version of the EAP method, an open-source pipeline called autoEAP. We compare the light curve products to other photometric solutions for examples chosen from high-amplitude variable stars. In addition to the photometry, we developed a new detrending method, which is based on phase dispersion minimization and is able to eliminate long-term instrumental signals for periodic variable stars.
Quantum Yield and Charge Diffusion in the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Infrared Detectors
Authors: Givans Jahmour J. , Choi Ami , Porredon Anna , Freudenburg Jenna K. C. , Hirata Christopher M. , Hill Robert J. , Bennett Christopher , Foltz Roger , Meier Lane 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for studying the growth of structure across cosmic time. The shear signal required for weak lensing analyses is very small, so any undesirable detector-level effects which distort astronomical images can significantly contaminate the inferred shear. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will fly a focal plane with 18 Teledyne H4RG-10 near-infrared (IR) detector arrays; these have never before been used for weak lensing and they present different instrument calibration challenges relative to charge-coupled devices. A pair of previous investigations demonstrated that spatiotemporal correlations of flat field images can effectively separate the brighter-fatter effect (BFE) and interpixel capacitance (IPC). A third paper in the series introduced a Fourier-space treatment of these correlations which allowed the authors to expand to higher orders in BFE, IPC, and classical nonlinearity. This work expands the previous formalism to include quantum yield and charge diffusion. We test the updated formalism on simulations and show that we can recover input visible characterization values to within a few percent. We then apply the formalism to visible and IR flat field data from three Roman flight candidate detectors. We find that BFE is present in all detectors and that the magnitude of its central pixel value is comparable between visible data and IR data. We fit a 2D Gaussian model to the charge diffusion at 0.5 μm wavelength, and find variances of C
11 = 0.1066 ± 0.0011 pix2 in the horizontal direction, C
22 = 0.1136 ± 0.0012 pix2 in the vertical direction, and a covariance of C
12 = 0.0001 ± 0.0007 pix2 (stat) for SCA 20829. Last, we convert the asymmetry of the charge diffusion into an equivalent shear signal using the sensitivity coefficients for the Roman survey, and find a contamination of the shear correlation function to be ξ
+ ∼ 10−6 for each detector. This exceeds Roman’s allotted error budget for the measurement by a factor of


(
10
)

in power (amplitude squared) but can likely be mitigated through standard methods for fitting the point-spread function (PSF) since for weak lensing applications the charge diffusion can be treated as a contribution to the PSF. Further work considering the impact of charge diffusion and quantum yield on shear measurements will follow once all detectors covering the Roman focal plane are selected.
Orbital angular momentum induced bistability in a quantum system
Authors: Zhang Xuehua , Li Liping , Wang Xiujie , Zheng Limin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article, we have proposed a unique approach to adjust optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) in a ring cavity inclusive of a three-level quantum system primarily based on quantum mean-field theory. The quantum system interacts with a weak probe light, an incoherent pumping field and a robust coupling light which carries an optical vortex that is an electromagnetic light with optical angular momentum. We confirmed that the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility of the no-vortex probe light relies on the azimuthal angle and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the vortex light whilst the quantum interference time period will become important. Moreover, we determined that because of the OAM number of vortex light, the switching from OB to OM is feasible for extraordinary azimuthal angle. These functions of such a three-level quantum system are not stated in any comparable studies.
Desert is a dyadic relation
Authors: Napoletano Toby 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The orthodox view of the metaphysics of desert is that desert is a triadic relation that obtains between a subject, an object and a desert base. Not only is this view lacking in motivation, but conceiving of the desert base as part of the desert relation renders the concept of desert incoherent. Instead, desert should be thought of as a dyadic relation between a subject and an object, where desert bases are simply the grounds for dyadic desert facts.
Differential parasitism of native and invasive widow spider egg sacs
Authors: Mowery Monica A , Arabesky Valeria , Lubin Yael , Segoli Michal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring colonization, invasive species establish and spread to new locations, where they may have an advantage over native species. One such advantage may be avoidance of predators or parasites by means of better defenses or due to lower suitability as a host. We conducted field surveys and lab behavioral experiments to investigate the differential susceptibility of two widow spider species—one native to Israel, the white widow spider Latrodectus pallidus, and one invasive species, the brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus—to an egg sac parasitoid wasp, Philolema latrodecti. In collections of egg sacs from six paired sites of L. geometricus and L. pallidus populations in the Negev Desert, Israel, we found higher parasitism rates on the egg sacs of the native L. pallidus. In no-choice trials, we found that wasps were more likely to parasitize and oviposited longer on L. pallidus egg sacs than on L. geometricus egg sacs. In two-choice tests with spider webs and egg sacs, parasitoids made first contact with L. pallidus webs more often and faster. After developing inside of L. pallidus egg sacs, more parasitoids emerged and were larger than those emerging from L. geometricus egg sacs. Potentially better defense of the L. geometricus egg sacs as well as the parasitoid’s fitness advantages gained from parasitizing L. pallidus egg sacs may explain the higher parasitism rate in the native species. Our results suggest that the invasion and establishment success of L. geometricus is due, in part, to its ability to escape parasitism.
Somatosensory cortex of macaque monkeys is designed for opposable thumb
Authors: Lazar Leslee , Chand Prem , Rajan Radhika , Mohammed Hisham , Jain Neeraj 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The evolution of opposable thumb has enabled fine grasping ability and precision grip, therefore the ability to finely manipulate the objects and refined tool use. Since tactile inputs to an opposable thumb are often spatially and temporally out of sync with inputs from the fingers, we hypothesized that inputs from the opposable thumb would be processed in an independent module in the primary somatosensory cortex (area 3b). Here we show that in area 3b of macaque monkeys, most neurons in the thumb representation do not respond to tactile stimulation of other digits and receive few intrinsic cortical inputs from other digits. However, neurons in the representations of other 4 digits respond to touch on any of the 4 digits and interconnect significantly more. The thumb inputs are thus processed in an independent module, whereas there is a significantly more interdigital information exchange between the other digits. This cortical organization reflects behavioral use of a hand with an opposable thumb.
Obesity, Poverty and Public Policy
Authors: Griffith Rachel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Obesity rates in the United Kingdom, and around the world, are high and rising. They are higher, and rising faster, amongst people growing up and living in deprivation. These patterns raise potential concerns about both market failures and equity. There is much that policy can do to address these concerns. However, policy can also do harm if it is poorly targeted or has unintended consequences. In order to design effective policies we need an understanding of who we are trying to target, and for what reasons. This paper provides an overview of some of the evidence, and some recent policy initiatives.
Linezolid versus omadacycline in diabetic soft tissue infections: a signal of different adjunctive immunological properties?
Authors: Sakoulas George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent understanding of antimicrobial chemotherapy has expanded to appreciate significant impacts on the host–pathogen relationship by antibiotics. Omadacycline statistically outperformed linezolid in treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in patients with diabetes mellitus in a recent post-hoc analysis of the OASIS-1 and OASIS-2 clinical trials. This difference may speak directly or indirectly to neutrophil dysfunction in diabetes. Neutrophil dysfunction increases the likelihood of Gram-negative bacterial infection, whereby diabetics may benefit from the broader spectrum of omadacycline compared with linezolid. Indirectly, oxazolidinones like linezolid have been shown to be dependent on neutrophil function, potentially compromising the potency of this drug class in diabetics. Finally, tetracyclines like omadacycline have collateral anti-inflammatory properties that have not been seen in other antibiotic drug classes. These differences may impact clinical outcomes in the treatment of infections that are not predicted by their antimicrobial activities alone, as measured in standard susceptibility testing assays.
Observability and its impact on differential bias for clinical prediction models
Authors: Yan Mengying , Pencina Michael J , Boulware L Ebony , Goldstein Benjamin A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Electronic health records have incomplete capture of patient outcomes. We consider the case when observability is differential across a predictor. Including such a predictor (sensitive variable) can lead to algorithmic bias, potentially exacerbating health inequities.

Materials and Methods
We define bias for a clinical prediction model (CPM) as the difference between the true and estimated risk, and differential bias as bias that differs across a sensitive variable. We illustrate the genesis of differential bias via a 2-stage process, where conditional on having the outcome of interest, the outcome is differentially observed. We use simulations and a real-data example to demonstrate the possible impact of including a sensitive variable in a CPM.

Results
If there is differential observability based on a sensitive variable, including it in a CPM can induce differential bias. However, if the sensitive variable impacts the outcome but not observability, it is better to include it. When a sensitive variable impacts both observability and the outcome no simple recommendation can be provided. We show that one cannot use observed data to detect differential bias.

Discussion
Our study furthers the literature on observability, showing that differential observability can lead to algorithmic bias. This highlights the importance of considering whether to include sensitive variables in CPMs.

Conclusion
Including a sensitive variable in a CPM depends on whether it truly affects the outcome or just the observability of the outcome. Since this cannot be distinguished with observed data, observability is an implicit assumption of CPMs.
Inaccuracies in electronic health records smoking data and a potential approach to address resulting underestimation in determining lung cancer screening eligibility
Authors: Kukhareva Polina V , Caverly Tanner J , Li Haojia , Katki Hormuzd A , Cheung Li C , Reese Thomas J , Del Fiol Guilherme , Hess Rachel , Wetter David W , Zhang Yue , Taft Teresa Y , Flynn Michael C , Kawamoto Kensaku 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) requires the estimation of lifetime pack-years to determine lung cancer screening eligibility. Leading electronic health record (EHR) vendors calculate pack-years using only the most recently recorded smoking data. The objective was to characterize EHR smoking data issues and to propose an approach to addressing these issues using longitudinal smoking data.

Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 16 874 current or former smokers who met USPSTF age criteria for screening (50–80 years old), had no prior lung cancer diagnosis, and were seen in 2020 at an academic health system using the Epic® EHR. We described and quantified issues in the smoking data. We then estimated how many additional potentially eligible patients could be identified using longitudinal data. The approach was verified through manual review of records from 100 subjects.

Results
Over 80% of evaluated records had inaccuracies, including missing packs-per-day or years-smoked (42.7%), outdated data (25.1%), missing years-quit (17.4%), and a recent change in packs-per-day resulting in inaccurate lifetime pack-years estimation (16.9%). Addressing these issues by using longitudinal data enabled the identification of 49.4% more patients potentially eligible for lung cancer screening (P &lt; .001).

Discussion
Missing, outdated, and inaccurate smoking data in the EHR are important barriers to effective lung cancer screening. Data collection and analysis strategies that reflect changes in smoking habits over time could improve the identification of patients eligible for screening.

Conclusion
The use of longitudinal EHR smoking data could improve lung cancer screening.
Improving the QuEChERS Liquid/Liquid Extraction of Analytes With Widely Varying Physicochemical Properties: Example of 201 Veterinary Drugs in Milk
Authors: Kaufmann Anton , Butcher Patrick , Maden Kathryn , Walker Stephan , Widmer Mirjam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
QuEChERS is an extraction and sample processing technique widely used for multiresidue methods (e.g., pesticides or veterinary drugs).

Objective
QuEChERS recovers a wide analyte polarity range, and yet low or even very low recoveries are observed for some polar analytes. This is especially relevant when analyzing veterinary drug residues in milk.

Method
Based on the Hoffmeister row, potassium hydrogenphosphate/dihydrogenphosphate were selected as salting-out agents. The methodology was termed p-QuEChERS.

Results
The avoidance of weak complexing agents (magnesium and probably sodium), as present in conventional QuEChERS salt mixtures, improved the partition of critical analytes into the organic phase. Significantly higher recoveries were obtained for analytes belonging to the families of tetracyclines, penicillins, and cephalosporins.

Conclusions
The proposed p-QuEChERS concept, compared to conventional QuEChERS, improves the recovery of various polar analytes. Analytes benefiting from this methodology are drugs, which are particularly relevant in the specific field of multiresidue analysis in milk. On the other hand, none of the total 201 investigated analytes showed a reduced recovery. In addition, neither the sample handling nor the co-partition of involatile salts into the extracts was negatively affected.

Highlights
The p-QuEChERS based method has been fully validated according to European Community guidelines, using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry instrumentation (time of flight (TOF) as well as Orbitrap). The developed multiresidue method quantifies 201 different veterinary drugs at relevant residue concentration in milk and is highly suitable for high throughput routine control.
The Moral Authority of Consensus
Authors: Walker Paul , Lovat Terence 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Prompted by recent comments on the moral authority of dialogic consensus, we argue that consensus, specifically dialogic consensus, possesses a unique form of moral authority. Given our multicultural era and its plurality of values, we contend that traditional ethical frameworks or principles derived from them cannot be viewed substantively. Both philosophers and clinicians prioritize the need for a decision to be morally justifiable, and also for the decision to be action-guiding. We argue that, especially against the background of our pluralistic society, it is only via unforced dialogue and properly founded argumentation, aiming for consensus, that we can ascribe rightness or wrongness in a normative fashion to dilemmatic situations. We argue that both the process of dialogue, properly constituted, and the consensual outcome itself have moral authority vested within them. Finally, we argue that the consensual decision made is able to withstand moral scrutiny and is action-guiding, without claiming absolute moral authority in other contexts.
Toxicological and chemoprevention studies of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. stem, the botanical source of Brazilian red propolis
Authors: da Silva Lucas Henrique Domingos , Squarisi Iara Silva , de Freitas Karoline Soares , Barcelos Ribeiro Arthur , Ozelin Saulo Duarte , Aldana-Mejía Jennyfer Andrea , de Oliveira Lucas Teixeira Souza , Rodrigues Tábata Esperandim , de Melo Matheus Reis Santos , Nicolella Heloiza Diniz , Alves Bianca Silva , de Andrade Melo Alex Luiz , Ccana-Ccapatinta Gari Vidal , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Tavares Denise Crispim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. is a semi-prostrate species associated with estuaries, mangroves and dunes. This plant species has great ecological and economic importance, especially concerning apiculture pasture and Brazilian red propolis production. In this study, non-clinical toxicological evaluations of the hydroalcoholic extract of D. ecastaphyllum stems (DEHE), the resin production source, were conducted. In addition, the action of DEHE on genomic instability and colon carcinogenesis was investigated.

Methods and results
The extract’s chemical profile was analysed by HPLC, and medicarpin, vestitol and neovestitol were found as major compounds. DEHE showed an IC50 equivalent to 373.2 µg/ml and LC50 equal 24.4 mg/L, when evaluated using the XTT colorimetric test and the zebrafish acute toxicity assay, respectively. DEHE was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic at the highest dose, 2000 mg/kg, by peripheral blood micronucleus test. The treatments DEHE (6 and 24 mg/kg) led to the reduction of micronuclei induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in mice. Furthermore, significantly higher serum levels of reduced glutathione were observed in animals treated with DEHE plus DXR, revealing an antioxidant effect. Treatments with DEHE (48 mg/kg) led to a significant reduction in pre-neoplastic lesions induced by the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogen in the rat colon. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly lower levels of expression of COX-2 (86%) and PCNA (83%) in the colon of rats treated with DEHE plus DMH, concerning those treated with the carcinogen.

Conclusions
These results indicate the involvement of anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative pathways in the protective effect of DEHE.