bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of implementing adaptable platform to conduct medical students’ qualification exam at an Ethiopian medical school in the middle of COVID-19 crisis: Participants perspective
Authors: Taddese Esubalew , knfe Goytom 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Medical training was halted for a long period in the initial phase of COVID-19 in Ethiopia, impacting medical students psychosocially and economically. Graduating class students in particular could not sit for qualifying examination and go on to the next phase of their professional career. To mitigate this challenge, St. Paul's hospital millennium medical college (SPHMMC) of Ethiopia designed and implemented an adaptable platform to help graduating class students sit for qualification exam during COVID-19 pandemic.
Method
An institution-based survey was conducted from October 30th to December 4, 2020, using undergraduate final year medical students and examiners selected by convenience sampling. A four-section survey instrument was distributed, and the collected responses were cleaned and entered into Epi data (v3.1) and exported to SPSS (v.26) for further statistical analysis. Participants experience towards modifications made on the traditional face-to-face undergraduate surgery qualification exam and effectiveness of this adaptable platform was assessed. Candidates preparation to take the exam in the middle of pandemic crisis, readiness and willingness to be part of the national health workforce in the fight against COVID-19 was also evaluated.
Result
Eight out of 10 participants were content with taking the modified qualification exam adjusted to suit the pandemic crisis and go on to the next stage of their career. About 68.5% of them liked the modified exam format and offered feedback saying that the practical exam was well-designed, the orientation given about the modified platform was adequate, the long case scenarios, short and viva images, videos and patient pictures were clear, near to reality at ward evaluation.
Conclusion
Implementing adaptable exam format was successful in meeting the expected endpoints and the students are ready and willing to join the national medical workforce any time.
Up-regulation of LINC01010 and lncRNA CASC15 can regulate the p53 signaling pathway and apoptosis process by regulation of PERP expression level as a breast cancer biomarker: Integrated systems biology and experimental approach
Authors: Karimi Mina , Khorasgani Narges Latifi , Naghieh Ariana , Parsanejad Zahra , Azadeh Mansoureh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The transmembrane protein PERP is present in numerous epithelial and epithelium-derived cells in tessellating junctions and other junctional and non-junctional plasma membrane regions. Previous research has focused on the involvement of the PERP gene and associated non-coding RNA regulators in developing several cancer types. In this study, we performed a high-throughput microarray data analysis and related interaction and pathway analysis to find novel genes in breast cancer and perform a qRT-PCR experiment to measure the accurate expression level of genes.
Materials and method
Microarray data analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to find novel dysregulated genes in the breast cancer (BC) samples. Protein-protein interaction, pathway enrichment, gene ontology (GO), and RNA interaction analyses were performed to find an integrated regulation network. The qRT-PCR experiment was performed to evaluate the expression of found genes.
Results
According to the bioinformatics analyses, PERP, lncRNA CASC15, and LINC01010 were selected as the hub dysregulated genes in the BC samples, regulating the p53 signaling pathway. These genes were selected from a ceRNA network. PERP (logFC: 2.631, p-value: 0.006), lncRNA CASC15 (logFC: 2.627, p-value: 0.0018), and LINC01010 (logFC: 1.838, p-value: 0.0049) have up-regulation significantly in the BC samples. Also, CASC15 can be considered as a novel diagnostic biomarker of Isfahan BC (AUC: 0.7008, p-value: 0.0149). There were significant correlations between the expression of PERP and LINC01010 and age, menopausal and HER2 receptor statuses of Isfahan patients.
Conclusion
LINC01010 and CASC15 can regulate the expression level of PERP in the BC patients and change the normal regulation of the p53 signaling pathway and affect the apoptosis process of normal cells. CASC15 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and LINC01010 as a potential prognostic biomarker could regulate the BC development in the different ages, menopausal statuses, and HER2 receptor negative patients.
Effect of light curing modes of high-powered LEDs on temperature rise under primary teeth dentin (an in vitro study)
Authors: Jabbour Obada , Alfares Reem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background.
Temperature rise in the pulp chamber is a severe stress that can cause irreversible damage to the pulp. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three curing modes of a high-powered LED and two remining dentin thicknesses on the temperature rise under primary teeth dentin.
Methods.
One dentin disc of 1 mm thickness was prepared from human primary molar. The dentin disc was exposed to curing light using a high-powered LED for 10 s to simulate bonding agent polymerization (stage 1 curing). Five specimens of resin composite were cured for 20 s. The different modes tested were standard, ramp, and pulse mode (n = 5). After that, the dentin disc was adapted to 0.5 mm thick, and the experiments were repeated. Temperature change data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.
Results.
The highest temperature rise was observed under the 0.5-mm-thick dentin disc with standard mode (7.6 ± 0.2; 4.7 ± 0.4), whereas the lowest values were recorded with pulse mode under 1-mm-thick dentin (2.7 ± 0.1; 2.5 ± 0.2) during stage 1 curing and resin composite polymerization, respectively. Pulse mode produced significantly lower values than standard mode in all conditions (P < 0.05). An inverse proportion was found between the mean temperature rise values and the dentin thickness.
Conclusions.
High-powered LEDs should not be used to cure bonding agents in deep cavities. The maximum temperature rise induced by a high-powered LED during resin composite polymerization was not critical for pulpal health. Temperature rise related to dentin thickness and curing modes.
Sustainable E-Hailing Mobility Services in Nigerian Cities: Issues and Policy Direction
Authors: Ojekere Stanley , Ojo Olajide , Mkpandiok Daniella 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The emergence of e-hailing services has started to play an important role in the mobility of goods and people in most Nigerian cities. The e-hailing platform connects individual drivers to potential users. Taking advantage of the country’s underdeveloped public transport system, high population, and rapid urbanization, the e-hailing mobility services have now grown exponentially from two (2) operators in 2014 to twenty-two (24) operators by 2022 across Nigeria’s major cities. However, where the regulatory framework is yet to be determined in many cities across Nigeria, the e-hailing services are now faced with significant operational challenges, which threaten their sustainability. The study adopted a desk research method and examined the mode of operation and issues of e-Hailing mobility services in Nigerian cities. It suggested strategies to enhance sustainable e-hailing services in Nigeria's cities.
The regional case for disruptive energy policy: a civic energy perspective
Authors: McGovern Gerard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper deploys a regional actor view to detect policy enablers of and barriers to the uptake of civic energy. In common with other forms of regional, decentralized energy, the civic energy concept not only challenges historical energy business models but changes the energy agenda to prioritize community development and climate issues. Energy policy needs to react by shifting from purely market regulations to the promotion of shared community energy solutions. Both current energy structures and established policy priorities are unsuited to deliver on widely recognized energy transition and sustainable development goals. Switching from a centralized to a decentralized energy mode is viewed as a major re-structuring of a socio-technical regime. In a series of expert interviews, two disruptive policy approaches, creative destruction and experimentation, are analyzed as to whether they can contribute to overcoming path dependency and carbon lock-in. Over and above dismantling existing administrative and legislative restrictions on civic energy uptake, policy experimentation is needed to develop new community partnerships that can host civic energy initiatives and mobilize untapped local energy resources. Whereas the fossil versus renewable energy policy debate seems to have been won, the shift from centralized to decentralized systems threatens existing power structures and remains highly contentious.
Response of Rutabaga to Combinations of Herbicides and Insecticides1
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Finlayson D. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over a 6-year period (1969-1974) the efficacy of 25 herbicides and 3 insecticides and their interactions in combination were investigated when applied to field seeded rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica). Of 215 herbicide insecticide combinations tested only 29 resulted in phytotoxic interactions as measured by seedling emergence, plant height and marketable yield. Six combinations involved all the insecticides: thionazin, fensulfothion and carbofuran; 1 with carbofuran and thionazin, 1 thionazin and fensulfothion, 5 thionazin alone, and 2 fensul fothion alone. Only 6 herbicides were involved: alachlor, aziprotryn, pronamide, napropamide, prynachlor and chlorpropham; the last when combined with propachlor. Although fewer emergent seedlings were recorded with all insecticides in 1969 to 1971 only thionazin caused a significant reduction. Carbofuran and thionazin affected rutabaga growth detrimentally in the years 1969 to 1971, but in the following years carbofuran had no effect. Plant growth was not affected during any year by fensulfothion. In all years the insecticides resulted in significant increases in marketable yields of rutabaga, carbofuran was slightly better for control for cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) than either fensulfothion or thionazin. None of the herbicides showed any insecticidal properties, nor did they affect the efficacy of the insecticides.
Effects of NH4 and NO3 Nutrition with and without pH Adjustment on Tomato Growth, Ion Composition, and Water Relations1
Authors: Pill W. G , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fertilization of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in solution culture with NH4-N resulted in reduced shoot and root concentration of Ca, Mg, K, P, and NO3, increased leaf and root resistances to water flux, and decreased water use efficiency as compared to plants cultured with NO3-N. Solution adjustment to pH 6.5 decreased shoot/root fresh weight ratio with both N forms; decreased leaf diffusive resistance and water stress but increased root resistance to water flux and shoot NH4 concentration under NH4-N nutrition. Solution pH had little effect on tissue ion concentration.
Effect of Daminozide on Yield and Quality of ‘Concord’ Grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) in Arkansas1
Authors: McCaskill D. R. , Morris J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid -2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide, SADH) applied at first-bloom or peak-bloom at 1000, 2000, or 3000 ppm did not statistically alter yield in 1969. 1000 ppm applied between first- and peak-bloom in 1970 increased yield over the control, but no yield advantage was obtained at 500, 750, or 1000 ppm in 1971. Yield increases were due mainly to increases in the number of berries/cluster when daminozide was applied during early bloom as compared to application during verasion. Berry weight was reduced when the number of berries/cluster increased. Juice quality and vegetative growth of the grapevine generally decreased as yields increased due to daminozide application. Delaying harvest of grapevines partially overcame the retardation in maturity resulting from daminozide treatment.
Water Consumption of Cucumbers during Vegetative and Reproductive Stages of Growth1
Authors: Loomis E. L. , Crandall P. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The best irrigation schedule for pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) involved removal of between 48 and 64% of the available water in the upper 90 cm of the soil profile between irrigations. The ratio (Kc) of consumptive water use to evaporation pan loss reached a maximum of 1.5 during the early harvest season. Moderate moisture stress had no significant effect on the grade or number of poorly developed fruit.
Transpiration rate (ml/cm2), leaf area, water use pattern, and total water use were compared in greenhouse and growth chamber environments for fruiting and nonfruiting cucumbers. Transpiration rate was higher and leaf area smaller for fruiting plants. Fruit production did not significantly affect total water consumption or the seasonal water use pattern.
Cluster-thinning ‘de Chaunac’ French Hybrid Grapes Improves Vine Vigor and Fruit Quality in Ontario1
Authors: Fisher K. Helen , Bradt O. A. , Wiebe J. , Dirks V. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cluster-thinning of the French hybrid grape cultivar ‘de Chaunac’ (Vitis sp.) resulted in superior fruit quality and an increase in vigor of the vines in comparison to the unthinned vines in a similar pruning and management regime. The higher sugar levels associated with thinning are consistently desirable for wine making under Ontario conditions. The favorable test site used limited the expression of vine decline and winter injury usually associated with over-cropping of this cultivar in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario.
New Sources of Fusarium Root Rot Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Boomstra A. G. , Bliss F. A. , Beebe S. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A procedure using nutrient culture media was developed to screen bean seedlings on an individual plant basis for reaction to Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Hans. From over 800 accessions, 18 plant introductions and several cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris were found to be either resistant or tolerant. Susceptible plants, grown with ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source (210 ppm N) showed reduced symptoms compared to plants grown on nitrate-N only. Ammonium as the sole nitrogen source was toxic to bean seedlings at identical nitrogen concentrations. Results based on the nutrient culture technique were generally consistent with field reactions.
Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium solani f.sp. Phaseoli in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Breeding Strategy to Transfer Resistance1
Authors: Boomstra A. G. , Bliss F. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Susceptibility to root rot in beans Phaseolus vulgaris incited by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. f.sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Hans, was dominant in crosses between resistant PI 203958 and susceptible cultivars ‘Cascade’, ‘Falcon’, ‘State Half Runner’ and ‘California Small White’. A quantitative inheritance pattern for disease reaction was observed. Selection of F2 plants showing slight disease symptoms resulted in F4 populations with a lower disease index than the unselected F2 population, indicating substantial gain. The results suggested that breeding methods such as recurrent selection, which are more suitable for improving quantitative traits than are backcrossing or pedigree selection, should be used to develop, Fusarium root rot resistant bean populations and cultivars.
Acidity and Total Soluble Solids in Citrus Hybrids and Advanced Crosses Involving Acidless Orange and Acidless Pummelo1
Authors: Cameron James W. , Soost Robert K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Titratable acidity and total soluble solids were measured in F1 hybrid citrus populations involving an acidless pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] and an acidless orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] respectively, as one parent. Three advanced crosses were also studied. Crosses of the pummelo with 5 medium acid cultivars produced no acidless individuals but many with low to medium acidity and a few with acidities above 1.6% in their main seasons of use. The overall mean titratable acidity was 1.1%. Crosses of the acidless orange with 4 medium-acid cultivars produced only a few low to medium-acid individuals, and many with acidities above 1.6%; the overall mean acidity was 2.0%, significantly higher than with the pummelo. Mean levels of total soluble solids had a range which was similar between the 2 types of crosses, although the overall mean was significantly higher in the orange crosses. There were significant correlations between acid and total soluble solids levels in only 2 out of 11 progenies among all of the crosses.
Twelve of 40 individuals were essentially acidless in an F2 population involving the acidless pummelo as a grandparent. There were no acidless individuals, but there were many moderately-acid ones in 2 populations of acidless pummelo hybrids backcrossed to acid cultivars. These proportions suggest simple inheritance for the acidless character of the pummelo. In contrast, the high acid levels of the F1 populations with acidless orange imply a different basis for the latter’s lack of acidity.
The Effect of Pruning and Growth Regulator Treatments on Rose Plant Renewal1
Authors: Faber William R. , White John W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyran-yl)-9H-purine (PBA) in lanolin paste was applied to the greenhouse rose, Rosa hybrida L. cv. Red American Beauty, pruned in either a cutback or layback manner, and gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays were applied after bud-break. PBA application generally increased bud-break on both layback and cutback-pruned plants. Gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays did not improve growth of PBA-induced shoots. Layback-pruned plants developed a greater number of renewal canes (those reproductive stems that produced shoots of equal or greater basal stem diam after the first and second pinch) than cutback-pruned plants after growth regulator treatments.
The Control of Flowering in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White by Cyclic or Continuous Light Treatments1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flowering was accelerated by incandescent light day extensions of 3 minutes of light and 27 minutes of dark or longer light cycles and by 15 minutes of light and 15 minutes of dark cycles when BCJ-ruby incandescent light was given to young shoots from non-vernalized bulbs. If bulbs were vernalized for 3 weeks, cool white fluorescent light accelerated flowering as a day extension. As a night interruption, incandescent, fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent cyclic light treatments accelerated flowering of shoots from vernalized or non-vernalized bulbs.
Day extensions of cyclic fluorescent or BCJ-ruby light treatments of 6 minutes on and 24 off or 3 minutes on and 27 off did not mediate a phytochrome controlled flowering response and along with the fact that there was no photoreversibility between day extensions of incandescent, fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent light, indicate a high energy reaction involvement in the flowering of the lily.
As a night interruption treatment, a phytochrome mediated flowering response was observed with 3 minutes of light on and 27 off or 6 minutes on and 24 off cyclics of fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent light treatments. However, as the light period increased to 15 minutes on and 15 off or under a continuous light cycle, there were no differences in the flowering response between fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent. As night interruptions there was a reversibility response by R — FR, but not by FR — R. This indicated the simultaneous operation of the phytochrome and the high energy reaction.
Influence of Interrupting the Long Day Inductive Treatments on Growth and Flower Numbers of Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lilium longiflorum cv. Ace and Nellie White shoots from non-vernalized bulbs were intercalated during the 30 long day night-interruption by 10 or 20 natural days. The interrupted long day effect can be summated for early flowering with the same response as that seen under a continuous long day treatment. However, increased total flower numbers were obtained.
Performance of Young Nucellar Grapefruit on 20 Rootstocks1
Authors: Wutscher H. K. , Dube D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Young grapefruit trees, Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Redblush, on 20 rootstocks were most productive on Morton citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi x P. trifoliata), Troyer citrange (P. trifoliata x C. sinensis), Texas sour orange (C. aurantium L.), Changsha mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) and Christiansen trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). There were small, but significant differences in fruit quality and uptake of 12 elements.
Ethylene in Relation to Postharvest Quality Deterioration in Processing Cucumbers1
Authors: Poenicke E. F. , Kays S. J. , Smittle D. A. , Williamson R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethylene is produced by cucumber fruits (Cucumis sativus L.), at a rate which is size dependent. Small fruits (<2.6 cm diam) produced substantially more ethylene/kg fruit than did large fruits (2.6-3.8 and 3.8-5.1 cm diameter). Respiration was similarly affected. Mechanically harvested fruits produced 2 to 3 times more ethylene than did hand-harvested fruits. Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cross-sections of fruits treated 48 hr with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 µl/liter ethylene indicated little change in textural parameters at concentrations below 10.0 µl/liter. Ethylene treatment, especially high concentrations, decreased fruit chlorophyll content. Greatest chlorophyll loss was at the stem-end of the fruit. Ambient concentrations of ethylene in well-ventilated trucks of cucumbers were not great enough to present a quality problem for processing cucumbers.
Measurement of Acetaldehyde in Senescing Apple Fruits1
Authors: Smagula John M. , Bramlage William J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A new method for analyzing acetaldehyde concentration in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) tissues was used to measure its accumulation in senescing fruits. Initially low levels (1 µg/g fresh weight) increased as the fruits ripened, but only at advanced senescence did they reach relatively high levels (14 µg/g fresh weight). Acetaldehyde did not accumulate in advance of tissue disorganization. Watercored ‘Delicious’ apple tissue accumulated significantly more acetaldehyde than tissue of non-watercored fruits during storage, but watercore breakdown did not result. There was no consistent difference in acetaldehyde levels of ethephon-treated and non-treated ‘McIntosh’ apples after long-term storage, although the ethephon-treated fruits developed more senescent breakdown. However, the acetaldehyde level in fruits after breakdown occurred was about 20% higher than that in corresponding sound fruit. Acetaldehyde accumulation appeared to be a consequence of tissue disorganization rather than a cause of senescent breakdown in the fruits.