bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storified narrative: Awake photo archives in digital humanities
Authors: Zeng Jingyi , Xu Yongjun , Niu Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rise and development of digital humanities have brought new challenges and possibilities to the archival narrative. This article aims to explore the storified narrative path to awake photo archives in digital humanities. The authors clarify plot and plot unit definitions first, then focus on photo archives to analyze the path realization of the storified narrative. The authors also take the photo archives of Chinese Archivist Mr Wu Baokang, an example for a more specific explanation, which Mrs Wu Jiaqing authorizes. The plot-driven storified narrative path of photo archives involves two parts: story elements deconstruction and plot units representation, narrative clues construction, and plot generation. The plot-driven, storified narrative path can fully play the advantages of storifying and promoting the critical development of archival narrative under the research paradigm of digital humanities. By exploring the storified narrative path of archives, it is helpful to promote the activation, in-depth utilization, and widespread dissemination of archives, promote the integration of archival narrative with digital humanities, and provide support for digital humanities research.
A logic for biassed information diffusion by paranoid agents in social networks
Authors: Prandi Lorenzo , Primiero Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Information transmission in social networks is riddled with issues of reliability and trustworthiness. One of the main sources of disinformation can be traced back to agents—human or artificial—whose political or cultural agenda is guided by conspiracy theories. Modelling and understanding the behaviour of such agents within social networks is therefore crucial to approach the disinformation problem. In the present paper, we formulate the logic (un)SecureNDsim*, equipped with a proof-theory and a relational semantics in which negative trust relations are defined formalizing the attitude of paranoid agents, i.e. agents distrusting any information originating from the authority and thereby spreading what can be characterized as the content of conspiracy theories. The logic is implemented in a multi-agent simulation aimed at analysing the effects of conspiracy theorists in networks of agents. In particular, we analyse consensus reaching scenarios and the ability of paranoid agents to induce the spread of potentially false information.
Cosmic Voids and BAO with relative baryon-CDM perturbations
Authors: Khoraminezhad Hasti , Vielzeuf Pauline , Lazeyras Titouan , Baccigalupi Carlo , Viel Matteo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the statistics of various large-scale structure tracers in gravity-only cosmological simulations including baryons and cold dark matter (CDM) initialized with two different transfer functions, and simulated as two distinct fluids. This allows us to study the impact of baryon-CDM relative perturbations on these statistics. In particular, we focus on the statistics of cosmic voids, as well as on the matter and halo real-space 2-point correlation function and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) peak. We find that the void size function is affected at the 1–2 per cent level at maximum, and that the impact is more important at higher redshift, while the void density profile and void bias are roughly unaffected. We do not detect a sizeable impact of relative baryon-CDM perturbations on the real-space correlation functions of matter and haloes or the BAO peak, which is in line with results from previous works. Our results imply that it would be hard to use voids or real-space correlation functions to constrain baryon-CDM relative perturbations, but also that we might not have to include them in models for the analysis of future cosmological surveys data.
Discovery of hot subdwarfs covered with helium-burning ash
Authors: Werner Klaus , Reindl Nicole , Geier Stephan , Pritzkuleit Max 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Helium-rich subdwarf O stars (sdOs) are hot compact stars in a pre-white dwarf evolutionary state. Most of them have effective temperatures and surface gravities in the range Teff = 40 000–50 000 K and log g = 5.5–6.0. Their atmospheres are helium dominated. If present at all, C, N, and O are trace elements. The abundance patterns are explained in terms of nucleosynthesis during single star evolution (late helium core flash) or a binary He-core white dwarf merger. Here we announce the discovery of two hot hydrogen-deficient sdOs (PG1654+322 and PG1528+025) that exhibit unusually strong carbon and oxygen lines. A non-LTE model atmosphere analysis of spectra obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope and by the LAMOST survey reveals astonishingly high abundances of C ($\approx 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and O ($\approx 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and that the two stars are located close to the helium main sequence. Both establish a new spectroscopic class of hot H-deficient subdwarfs (CO-sdO) and can be identified as the remnants of a He-core white dwarf that accreted matter of a merging low-mass CO-core white dwarf. We conclude that the CO-sdOs represent an alternative evolutionary channel creating PG1159 stars besides the evolution of single stars that experience a late helium-shell flash.
Serial H3K27M cell-free tumor DNA (cf-tDNA) tracking predicts ONC201 treatment response and progression in diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Cantor Evan , Wierzbicki Kyle , Tarapore Rohinton S , Ravi Karthik , Thomas Chase , Cartaxo Rodrigo , Nand Yadav Viveka , Ravindran Ramya , Bruzek Amy K , Wadden Jack , John Vishal , May Babila Clarissa , Cummings Jessica R , Rahman Kawakibi Abed , Ji Sunjong , Ramos Johanna , Paul Alyssa , Walling Dustin , Leonard Marcia , Robertson Patricia , Franson Andrea , Mody Rajen , Garton Hugh J L , Venneti Sriram , Odia Yazmin , Kline Cassie , Vitanza Nicholas A , Khatua Soumen , Mueller Sabine , Allen Joshua E , Gardner Sharon L , Koschmann Carl 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) with the H3K27M mutation is a lethal childhood brain cancer, with patients rarely surviving 2 years from diagnosis.

Methods
We conducted a multi-site Phase 1 trial of the imipridone ONC201 for children with H3K27M-mutant glioma (NCT03416530). Patients enrolled on Arm D of the trial (n = 24) underwent serial lumbar puncture for cell-free tumor DNA (cf-tDNA) analysis and patients on all arms at the University of Michigan underwent serial plasma collection. We performed digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) analysis of cf-tDNA samples and compared variant allele fraction (VAF) to radiographic change (maximal 2D tumor area on MRI).

Results
Change in H3.3K27M VAF over time (“VAF delta”) correlated with prolonged PFS in both CSF and plasma samples. Nonrecurrent patients that had a decrease in CSF VAF displayed a longer progression free survival (P = .0042). Decrease in plasma VAF displayed a similar trend (P = .085). VAF “spikes” (increase of at least 25%) preceded tumor progression in 8/16 cases (50%) in plasma and 5/11 cases (45.4%) in CSF. In individual cases, early reduction in H3K27M VAF predicted long-term clinical response (&gt;1 year) to ONC201, and did not increase in cases of later-defined pseudo-progression.

Conclusion
Our work demonstrates the feasibility and potential utility of serial cf-tDNA in both plasma and CSF of DMG patients to supplement radiographic monitoring. Patterns of change in H3K27M VAF over time demonstrate clinical utility in terms of predicting progression and sustained response and possible differentiation of pseudo-progression and pseudo-response.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Circulating Tumor DNA Using Sensitive Amplicon-Based Next-Generation Sequencing to Identify Resistance Mechanisms to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Ravi Praful , Ravi Arvind , Riaz Irbaz B , Freeman Dory , Curran Catherine , Mantia Charlene , McGregor Bradley A , Kilbridge Kerry L , Pan Chong-Xian , Pek Michelle , Choudhury Yukti , Tan Min-Han , Sonpavde Guru P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Serial evaluation of circulating tumor DNA may allow noninvasive assessment of drivers of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced urothelial cancer (aUC). We used a novel, amplicon-based next-generation sequencing assay to identify genomic alterations (GAs) pre- and post-therapy in 39 patients with aUC receiving ICI and 6 receiving platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). One or more GA was seen in 95% and 100% of pre- and post-ICI samples, respectively, commonly in TP53 (54% and 54%), TERT (49% and 59%), and BRCA1/BRCA2 (33% and 33%). Clearance of ≥1 GA was seen in 7 of 9 patients responding to ICI, commonly in TP53 (n = 4), PIK3CA (n = 2), and BRCA1/BRCA2 (n = 2). A new GA was seen in 17 of 20 patients progressing on ICI, frequently in BRCA1/BRCA2 (n = 6), PIK3CA (n = 3), and TP53 (n = 3), which seldom emerged in patients receiving PBC. These findings highlight the potential for longitudinal circulating tumor DNA evaluation in tracking response and resistance to therapy.
Policing White Supremacy: Asymmetry and Inequality in Protest Control
Authors: Cunningham David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Despite evident and oft-cited disparities in the policing of right-wing extremists and more progressive social movements, we understand much less about how such distinctions emerge and unfold as the police prepare for, and act within, protest events. How does the racial and political orientation of social movements affect how they are policed? What are the processes through which such effects are realized? In contrast with most existing studies of protest policing, which emphasize how the actions of authorities are conditioned by the degree of threat associated with, for example, the size or capacity for violence of a given protest target, the analysis here of a cluster of cases associated with the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, recognizes the constructed nature of protest threats and highlights how those assumptions inform and interact with police planning and action. Findings emphasize how the degree of alignment between police and protesters shapes policing agents’ preparations for, and operational considerations within, protest events. This alignment provides a basis for asymmetric communication, differential assessment, and—ultimately—distinct treatment of different protest targets.
Temporal Variation and Factors Associated with Allergic Rhinitis in a Cohort of Rural Preschool Children from Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakse Shashanka , Amarasiri Lakmali , Yasaratne Duminda , Warnasekara Janith , Agampodi Suneth 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic childhood disease with a low diagnosis rate, causing poor quality of life, absenteeism, decreased school performance and significant healthcare cost. However, data on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is sparse in preschoolers of rural geography, especially in developing countries.

Aim
To describe the epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in preschoolers from a rural geography of a developing country.

Methods
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka using the WHO-30 cluster methodology with probability proportionate to size sampling. The International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood questionnaire was used to assess symptomatology.

Results
The response rate was 91.8%, with 548 (51.7%) male and 512 (48.3%) female participants. The mean age was 4.4 (± 0.7) years. Allergic rhinitis was reported in 123 (11.6%; 95% CI 9.7–13.5), and eye symptoms were reported in 41 (3.9%; 95% CI 2.8–5.2) children. Activities of daily living were disturbed due to nasal symptoms in 113 (10.7%; 95% CI 8.8–12.5). Allergic rhinitis was independently associated with severe asthma (OR 6.26; 95% CI 3.54–11.06), sleeping on the floor (OR 4.79; 95% CI 1.33–17.25) and having cats in the households (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.18–2.91). Nasal symptoms were more common in January and August to October months. The standardized local highest monthly temperature, lowest monthly temperature, highest monthly humidity and dew point strongly predicted allergic rhinitis symptom exacerbation (F=4.8, p=0.036, adjusted R square=57.8%, VIF≤2.259, DW=2.1).

Conclusions
Allergic rhinitis affects 1 in 10 preschool children of rural Sri Lanka. The factors associated and environmental factor model developed to predict symptom exacerbation could be used to prevent allergic rhinitis exacerbations.
Propofol-induced Unresponsiveness Is Associated with a Brain Network Phase Transition
Authors: Pullon Rebecca M. , Warnaby Catherine E. , Sleigh Jamie W. 
Published: February 2022

Background
The wakeful brain can easily access and coordinate a large repertoire of different states—dynamics suggestive of “criticality.” Anesthesia causes loss of criticality at the level of electroencephalogram waveforms, but the criticality of brain network connectivity is less well studied. The authors hypothesized that propofol anesthesia is associated with abrupt and divergent changes in brain network connectivity for different frequencies and time scales—characteristic of a phase transition, a signature of loss of criticality.

Methods
As part of a previously reported study, 16 volunteers were given propofol in slowly increasing brain concentrations, and their behavioral responsiveness was assessed. The network dynamics from 31-channel electroencephalogram data were calculated from 1 to 20 Hz using four phase and envelope amplitude–based functional connectivity metrics that covered a wide range of time scales from milliseconds to minutes. The authors calculated network global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and statistical complexity (using the Jensen–Shannon divergence) for each functional connectivity metric and compared their findings with those from an in silico Kuramoto network model.

Results
The transition to anesthesia was associated with critical slowing and then abrupt profound decreases in global network efficiency of 2 Hz power envelope metrics (from mean ± SD of 0.64 ± 0.15 to 0.29 ± 0.28 absolute value, P < 0.001, for medium; and from 0.47 ± 0.13 to 0.24 ± 0.21, P < 0.001, for long time scales) but with an increase in global network efficiency for 10 Hz weighted phase lag index (from 0.30 ± 0.20 to 0.72 ± 0.06, P < 0.001). Network complexity decreased for both the 10 Hz hypersynchronous (0.44 ± 0.13 to 0.23 ± 0.08, P < 0.001), and the 2 Hz asynchronous (0.73 ± 0.08 to 0.40 ± 0.13, P < 0.001) network states. These patterns of network coupling were consistent with those of the Kuramoto model of an order–disorder phase transition.

Conclusions
Around loss of behavioral responsiveness, a small increase in propofol concentrations caused a collapse of long time scale power envelope connectivity and an increase in 10 Hz phase-based connectivity—suggestive of a brain network phase transition.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Racism and the Reproductive Health Experiences of U.S.-Born Black Women
Authors: Treder Kelly , White Katharine O. , Woodhams Elisabeth , Pancholi Rushina , Yinusa-Nyahkoon Leanne 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To explore Black women's lived experiences of racism and the associated effects on reproductive health decisions and the reproductive health care experience.

METHODS:
We recruited participants through social media and community outreach. We conducted semi-structured individual interviews focusing on Black women's lived experiences of racism and their effects on reproductive health. We coded and analyzed interview transcripts using process coding methodology.

RESULTS:
Participants (N=21) were 21–45 years old and from Boston, Chicago, and Atlanta. Our primary themes were: 1) reproductive health racism across the life course, 2) anti-Black racism in the reproductive health care system, and 3) self-protective actions when interacting with the reproductive health care system. Reproductive racism across the life course included subthemes of early sexualization of Black women, heightened awareness of reproductive health inequities, and knowledge of reproductive oppression. Anti-Black racism in the reproductive health care system included subthemes of absence of shared decision making; vicarious reproductive health experiences; stereotyping, invalidation, and dismissal by reproductive health professionals; and medical mistrust. Participants guarded themselves against racism within reproductive health care by engaging in a variety of self-protective actions including seeking a health care professional of color, overpreparing for their appointments, enlisting advocates, seeking care only when desperate, and heightening symptoms to be heard.

CONCLUSION:
Personal, vicarious, and historical experiences of racism within reproductive health care triggered participants to perform self-protective actions when interacting with the reproductive health care system. These actions served to promote safety, autonomy and rehumanization within a system that has historically and contemporarily devalued Black reproductive health.
Validation of Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index in Patients With COVID-19–Related Respiratory Failure
Authors: Myers Laura C. , Mark Dustin , Ley Brett , Guarnieri Michael , Hofmeister Melinda , Paulson Shirley , Marelich Gregory , Liu Vincent X. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index is a fraction of oxygen saturation, Fio
2, and respiratory rate that has been validated to predict receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). This study aimed to validate ROX in a cohort of inpatients with COVID-19–related respiratory failure.

DESIGN:
Retrospective validation of the ROX index. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and 95% CIs of ROX for invasive mechanical ventilation any time during hospitalization.

SETTING:
Twenty-one hospitals of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system.

PATIENTS:
We identified adults with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test within 3 weeks of, or during, hospitalization between February 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. We calculated ROX at 12 hours after HFNC initiation. We grouped patients as low (≥ 4.88), intermediate (< 4.88 and ≥ 3.85), or high (< 3.85) risk using previously published thresholds.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We identified 1,847 patients who had no limitation of life support. Of these, 525 (31.7%) received invasive mechanical ventilation any time during hospitalization and 511 died (27.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 12-hour ROX threshold (< 3.85) predicting invasive mechanical ventilation were 32.3% (95% CI, 28.5–36.3%), 89.8% (95% CI, 88.0–91.4%), 59.4% (95% CI, 53.8–64.9%), and 74.1% (95% CI, 71.8–76.3%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The 12-hour ROX index has a positive predictive value (59.4%) using threshold of less than 3.85 for COVID-19 patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation. Our health system has embedded ROX into the electronic health record to prioritize rounding during periods of inpatient surge.
Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis With Initial Negative Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Clinical Impact*
Authors: de Montmollin Etienne , Dupuis Claire , Jaquet Pierre , Sarton Benjamine , Sazio Charline , Susset Vincent , Conrad Marie , Argaud Laurent , Demeret Sophie , Tadié Jean Marc , Barbier François , Wolff Michel , Timsit Jean-François , Visseaux Benoit , Sonneville Romain ,   the ENCEPHALITICA Study Group
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the prevalence, associated factors, and clinical impact of an initial negative herpes simplex virus (HSV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in critically ill patients with PCR-proven HSV encephalitis.

DESIGN:
Retrospective multicenter study from 2007 to 2017.

SETTING:
Forty-seven French ICUs.

PATIENTS:
Critically ill patients admitted to the ICU with possible/probable acute encephalitis and a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR for HSV.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We included 273 patients with a median Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 (6–12) at ICU admission. CSF HSV PCR was negative in 11 cases (4%), exclusively in lumbar punctures (LPs) performed less than 4 days after symptoms onset. Patients with an initial negative PCR presented with more frequent focal neurologic signs (4/11 [36.4%] vs 35/256 [13.7%]; p = 0.04) and lower CSF leukocytosis (4 cells/mm3 [3–25 cells/mm3] vs 52 cells/mm3 [12–160 cells/mm3]; p < 0.01). An initial negative PCR was associated with an increased delay between LP and acyclovir treatment (3 d [2–7 ] vs 0 d [0–0 d]; p < 0.01) and was independently associated with a poor neurologic outcome at hospital discharge (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 4) (adjusted odds ratio, 9.89; 95% CI, 1.18–82.78).

CONCLUSIONS:
In severe herpes simplex encephalitis, initial negative CSF HSV PCR occurred in 4% of cases and was independently associated with worse neurologic outcome at hospital discharge. In these patients, a systematic multimodal diagnostic approach including early brain MRI and EEG will help clinicians avoid delayed acyclovir initiation or early inappropriate discontinuation.
Protein kinases in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Li Yafei , Du Chong , Wei Tianwen , Shan Tiankai , Wang Liansheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.