bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of body mass index to clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Morishita Tetsuji , Uzui Hiroyasu , Mitsuke Yasuhiko , Tada Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundElevated body mass index (BMI) demonstrates lower all‐cause and cardiovascular mortalities compared with normal‐weight or lean patients in chronic diseases. This study investigated relationships between BMI and clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, together with the sex‐specific impacts of BMI on mortality.MethodsWe reviewed 1104 CAD patients who underwent PCI between 2006 and 2015. Patients were divided by BMI into three groups: lean, <18.5 kg/m2; normal, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; and overweight/obese, ≥25 kg/m2. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsKaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated risks of all‐cause death, and 3‐point MACE were higher in lean patients compared with normal‐weight and overweight/obese subjects (log‐rank p < .001). Cox proportional hazard modelling showed overweight/obese was significantly associated with all‐cause death (hazard ratio (HR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.95; p = .03), and lean was significantly associated with 3‐point MACE (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.15–3.53; p = .01). Cox proportional hazard analysis with restricted cubic spline showed non‐linear associations between BMI and both all‐cause mortality and 3‐point MACE (p for effect = .002 and = .003, respectively). No significant interaction was evident between sex and BMI for all‐cause mortality (p for interaction = .104) or 3‐point MACE (p for interaction =0.122).ConclusionsLean category was associated with adverse outcomes among CAD patients. An obesity paradox regarding the independent association of elevated BMI with reduced mortality after PCI is evident in both males and females.
Stage‐specific abiotic and biotic associations of the imperilled Silver ShinerNotropis photogenisin an urban drainage
Authors: Lamothe Karl A. , Drake D. Andrew R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStage‐specific abiotic and biotic associations are often poorly described for imperilled freshwater fishes, including Silver Shiner (Notropis photogenis; Threatened), which may limit species protection and recovery efforts. Here, we used fish and habitat sampling data from an urban drainage in southern Ontario, Canada to quantify abiotic and biotic associations for juvenile and adult Silver Shiner, while considering the potential effects of imperfect detection on sampled fishes. Detection probability of Silver Shiner was high (>0.80) across life‐stages, but occupancy models for adults and juveniles included different covariates. The top‐selected occupancy model (lowest Akaike's Information Criterion [AICc]) for adults included a positive effect of site depth, whereas sampling year was included in the top‐selected occupancy model for juveniles. A redundancy analysis suggested unique stage‐specific biotic associations; a positive association was observed between the abundance of adult Silver Shiner and Rosyface Shiner (Notropis rubellus), whereas positive associations were observed between juvenile Silver Shiner and the abundance of Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Overall, the results of this study advance the knowledge of stage‐specific abiotic and biotic associations of Silver Shiner, and the probability of species detection, which will inform future monitoring and protection of the species in Canada. More broadly, continued efforts are needed to quantify early life‐stage habitat requirements for informing the recovery of imperilled freshwater species.
COVID‐19 did not result in increased hospitalization for stroke and transient ischemic attack: A nationwide study
Authors: Simonsen Claus Z. , Blauenfeldt Rolf A. , Hedegaard Jakob N. , Kruuse Christina , Gaist David , Wienecke Troels , Modrau Boris , Johnsen Søren P. , Andersen Grethe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of thrombosis increases in infectious diseases, yet observational studies from single centers have shown a decrease in admission of acute ischemic stroke patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To investigate unselected stroke admission rates we performed a nationwide study in Denmark.MethodsWe extracted information from Danish national health registries. The following mutually exclusive time periods were compared to the year before the lockdown: (1) first national lockdown, (2) gradual reopening, (3) few restrictions, (4) regional lockdown, and (5) second national lockdown.ResultsGenerally, admission rates were unchanged during the pandemic. In the unadjusted data, we observed a small decrease in the admission rate for all strokes under the first lockdown (incidence rate ratio: 0.93, confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.99) and a slight increase during the periods with gradual reopening, few restrictions, and the regional lockdown driven by ischemic strokes. We found no change in the rate of severe strokes, mild strokes, or 30‐day mortality. An exception was the higher mortality for all strokes during the first lockdown (risk ratio: crude 1.30 [CI: 1.03–1.59]; adjusted 1.17 [CI: 0.93–1.47]). The quality of care remained unchanged.ConclusionStroke admission rates remained largely unchanged during the pandemic, while an increased short‐term mortality rate in patients admitted with stroke observed during the first lockdown was seen, probably reflecting that the more frail patients constituted a higher proportion of admitted patients at the beginning of the pandemic.
Rules or legacies? Industry and political revolving doors in regulators' careers in Portugal
Authors: Coroado Susana , Magalhães Pedro C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe movement of personnel between roles in regulation, politics, and regulated industries is thought to affect the risks of politicization and industry capture of independent regulatory agencies. To test whether such movements are better explained by formal rules or by sector‐specific patterns, we employ an original dataset of the 152 appointees to 11 IRAs in Portugal over the last 3 decades. We find that variations in the formal independence of agencies have been of little consequence. Instead, revolving doors abound in the financial sector, with a disproportionate share of regulators of that sector coming from, and moving back, to the industry. In turn, appointment of regulators with political links to Portuguese IRAs seems related with legacies of sectoral public control.
Most promising alternative protein sources possible to use in sports nutrition – A review
Authors: Grdeń Adam , Sołowiej Bartosz G. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryA growing world population and ongoing climate change have created a need to find new sources of high‐quality food, especially protein, that are sustainable and environmentally friendly and help to reduce unsustainable livestock production. Therefore, it is necessary to look for sources of protein from new raw materials or to use existing materials that have not been used on a large scale. The highest protein intake characterises athletes; thus, the market for high‐protein products should be targeted for them. This paper outlines the main problems associated with protein production to date, mainly from animal sources and some known plant sources such as pulses, which can cause gastrointestinal problems in athletes. This review aimed to propose several new/alternative protein sources (Single Cell Protein, edible insects, algae, and potato protein) that may have the potential for use in food, including food for athletes while solving the described problems associated with existing protein sources. Insects have the best amino acid composition; microbial and algal proteins have great potential but require further development of technology for application to food products. Potato proteins are of high value and quality but also contain glycoalkaloids. However, using them brings additional economic and environmental benefits.
Development of novel biodegradable film based on chitosan with borax (sodium tetraborate) and boron nitride and their biological activity
Authors: Kaya Burcu , Zorba Nükhet Nilüfer , Caner Cengiz 
Published: April 2022

SummaryAlternative food packaging materials were prepared using chitosan (CS) that contained borax (B) and boron nitride (BN) (1% and 3% w/w). The produced films were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, physicochemical, biodegradation, chemical resistance, and biological activities were also investigated. According to the biodegradability study, the highest weight loss among all films was detected in CS‐BN1. The images obtained by SEM showed the presence of agglomerates as the concentration of B and BN increased. Besides, the thermal stability of the CS‐B and CS‐BN were found higher than CS. Moreover, CS‐B and CS‐BN showed antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐quorum sensing activity. Their effects were decreased with increased concentration. Therefore, the CS‐B and CS‐BN are promising materials to be used in food packaging to enhance food safety, especially for fruit and vegetables by reducing water vapour loss and microbial growth.
Recent advances in the improvement of freezing time and physicochemical quality of frozen fruits and vegetables by ultrasound application
Authors: Wu Jiaxin , Jia Xiwu , Fan Kai 
Published: April 2022

SummaryFreezing is widely used for the preservation of fruits and vegetables (FVs). Whereas, the conventional freezing method presents low process efficiency in frozen FVs. Ultrasound application is used as a supplementary technology to improve the freezing process of FVs. This reviewed paper shows the cavitation effect of ultrasound and the effect of ultrasound application on freezing time and the physicochemical quality of frozen FVs. The cavitation effect of ultrasound in the freezing process was described in detail. Compared with conventional freezing, ultrasound application in freezing of FVs can shorten the freezing time, and improve physicochemical quality including drip loss, colour, firmness, chemical compositions (ascorbic acid, total phenolic and anthocyanin), as well as microstructure. Therefore, the results of these studies illustrated that ultrasound is a potential technology to enhance freezing efficiency and retain the quality of FVs during freezing.
Examining the sustainability of effects of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: Follow‐up of the EPOCH individual participant data prospective meta‐analysis
Authors: Seidler Anna Lene , Hunter Kylie E. , Baur Louise , Espinoza David , Taylor Rachael W. , Wen Li Ming , Hesketh Kylie D. , Campbell Karen , Daniels Lynne , Mihrshahi Seema , Rissel Chris , Taylor Barry , Askie Lisa M. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundAlthough early childhood obesity prevention has become an important issue internationally, little evidence exists regarding longer term effects (i.e., sustainability) of early interventions.ObjectiveTo determine whether intervention benefits at 2 years of age were sustained at 3.5 and 5 years.MethodsFollow‐up of the Early Prevention of Obesity in Children (EPOCH) individual participant data prospective meta‐analysis of four randomized controlled trials including 2196 mother–child dyads at baseline. Interventions were home‐ or community‐based, commenced within 6 months of birth, ended by 2 years of age, and comprised multiple sessions. Controls received standard care. BMI z‐score (primary outcome), other anthropometric measures and weight‐related behaviours were initially measured at 1.5–2 years and followed up at 3.5 and 5 years.ResultsPositive intervention effects on BMI z‐scores at 1.5–2 years of age were not apparent by 3.5 years (−0.04 adjusted mean difference; 95% CI:−0.14, 0.06; p = 0.424), and 5 years (0.03; 95% CI: −0.08, 0.14; p = 0.60). While prolonged intervention benefits were detected for a few, but not the majority of, weight‐related behaviours at 3.5 years, these effects diminished over time.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis found that initial positive effects of childhood obesity interventions faded out after interventions ended, pointing toward the importance of a suite of interventions implemented at multiple stages across childhood.
CLEVER assay: A visual and rapid RNA extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on CRISPR-Cas integrated RT-LAMP technology
Authors: Bhatt Akansha , Fatima Zeeshan , Ruwali Munindra , Misra Chitra Seetharam , Rangu Shyam Sunder , Rath Devashish , Rattan Ashok , Hameed Saif 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
The current scenario of COVID-19 pandemic has presented an almost insurmountable challenge even for the most sophisticated hospitals equipped with modern biomedical technology. There is an urgency to develop simple, fast and highly accurate methods for the rapid identification and isolation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. To address the ongoing challenge, the present study offers a CLEVER assay (CRISPR-Cas integrated RT-LAMP Easy, Visual and Extraction-free RNA) which will allow RNA extraction-free method to visually diagnose COVID-19. RNA extraction is a major hurdle in preventing rapid and large-scale screening of samples particularly in low-resource regions because of the logistics and costs involved.

Method and Result
Herein, the visual SARS-CoV-2 detection method consists of RNA extraction-free method directly utilizing the patient's nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples for reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). Additionally, the assay also utilizes the integration of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas12-based system using different guide RNAs of N, E and an internal control POP7 (human RNase P) genes along with visual detection via lateral flow readout-based dip sticks with unaided eye (~100 min). Overall, the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the CLEVER assay were 89.6% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion
Together, our CLEVER assay offers a point-of-care tool with no equipment dependency and minimum technical expertise requirement for COVID-19 diagnosis.

Significance and Impact of the Study
To address the challenges associated with COVID-19 diagnosis, we need a faster, direct and more versatile detection method for an efficient epidemiological management of the COVID-19 outbreak. The present study involves developing a method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human body without RNA isolation step that can visually be detected with unaided eye. Taken together, our assay offers to overcome one major defect of the prior art, that is, RNA extraction step, which could limit the deployment of the previous assays in a testing site having limited lab infrastructure.
Effects of decisional conflict, decision regret and self‐stigma on quality of life for breast cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional, multisite study in China
Authors: Zhuang Hezhu , Wang Ling , Yu Xuefen , Chan Sally Wai‐chi , Gao Yixuan , Li Xiuqing , Gao Shan , Zhu Jiemin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the differences in decisional conflict, decision regret, self‐stigma and quality of life among breast cancer survivors who chose different surgeries, as well as the effects of decisional conflict, decision regret and self‐stigma on quality of life.DesignObservational study.MethodsPaper and online surveys were used to collect data from March to September 2020. The Chinese version of the Decisional Conflict Scale, Decision Regret Scale, Self‐Stigma Form and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment‐B were used to measure the corresponding health outcomes for breast cancer survivors who chose different surgeries from three university‐affiliated hospitals. One‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.ResultsAmong the 448 participants, only 21% chose breast conservative surgery, while 79% chose mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Women who chose mastectomy with reconstruction reported higher decisional conflict (p = .028) and more decision regret (p = .013) than women who chose breast conservative surgery; women who chose mastectomy without reconstruction indicated higher decisional conflict (p = .015), more decision regret (p < .001), and higher self‐stigma (p = .034) than women who chose breast conservative surgery. Decisional conflict (r = −.430), decision regret (r = −.495), and self‐stigma (r = −.561) were negatively correlated with quality of life. After controlling for sociodemographic and clinical variables, decisional conflict and decision regret explained 19.7% and self‐stigma explained 12.9% of the variance in quality of life.ConclusionDecisional conflict, decision regret and self‐stigma vary according to different breast surgeries and are greatly associated with the quality of life of breast cancer survivors.ImpactFuture studies are warranted to investigate the decision‐making process and the underlying reasons for surgical choices. Decision support strategies pre‐surgery are needed to inform women about the risks and benefits of surgery options. Moreover, psychosocial support post‐surgery is warranted to relieve women's self‐stigma, thus improving their quality of life.
Novel method utilizing bisulfite conversion with dual amplification‐refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction to detect circulating pancreatic β‐cell cfDNA
Authors: Okada Asami , Yamada‐Yamashita Misuzu , Tominaga Yukari , Jo Kyoka , Mori Hiroyasu , Suzuki Reiko , Ishizu Masashi , Tamaki Motoyuki , Akehi Yuko , Takashi Yuichi , Koga Daisuke , Shimokita Eisuke , Tanihara Fuminori , Kurahashi Kiyoe , Yoshida Sumiko , Mitsui Yukari , Masuda Shiho , Endo Itsuro , Aihara Ken‐ichi , Kagami Shoji , Abe Masahiro , Ferreri Kevin , Fujitani Yoshio , Matsuhisa Munehide , Kuroda Akio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionSeveral research groups have reported methods for quantifying pancreatic beta cell (β‐cell) injury by measuring β‐cell‐specific CpG unmethylation of the insulin gene in circulation using digital droplet PCR or next‐generation sequencing. However, these methods have certain disadvantages, such as the need to consider the background signal owing to the small number of target CpG sites and the need for unique equipment.Materials and MethodsWe established a novel method for detecting four CpG unmethylations of the insulin gene using two‐step amplification refractory mutation system PCR. We applied it to type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with a wide range of disease durations and to healthy adults.ResultsThe assay showed high linearity and could detect a single copy of unmethylated insulin DNA in experiments using methylated and unmethylated plasmid DNA. The unmethylated insulin DNA level in the type 1 diabetes group, whose β‐cell mass was considerably reduced, was similar to that of healthy adults. An inverse correlation was observed between copy number and disease duration in patients with unmethylated insulin DNA‐positive type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsWe developed a novel method for detecting unmethylated insulin DNA in circulation that can be performed using a conventional real‐time PCR system. This method would be useful for analyzing dynamic profiles of β‐cells in human disease such as type 1 diabetes.
Two cases with fulminant type 1 diabetes that developed long after cessation of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment
Authors: Hatayama Satoko , Kodama Shinjiro , Kawana Yohei , Otake Sonoko , Sato Daiki , Horiuchi Takahiro , Takahashi Kei , Kaneko Keizo , Imai Junta , Katagiri Hideki 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTVarious immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), including fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D), are known to be associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We experienced two lung adenocarcinoma cases who developed fulminant type 1 diabetes long after discontinuation of ICI therapies. One, a 74‐year‐old male, received nivolumab and developed fulminant type 1 diabetes 44 days after the last infusion. The other, an 85‐year‐old male, received atezolizumab and developed fulminant type 1 diabetes 171 days after the last infusion. Clinical ICI treatment guidelines recommend laboratory tests during ICI treatments but the necessity of tests in patients whose ICI therapy has been discontinued is not clearly described. These cases indicate that blood glucose monitoring should be continued at least for several months, and that patients should be informed of the possibility of fulminant type 1 diabetes after ICI discontinuation, because fulminant type 1 diabetes progresses rapidly and can be life‐threatening if not promptly recognized.
Color stability of resin‐based composites: Staining procedures with liquids—A narrative review
Authors: Paolone Gaetano , Formiga Sara , De Palma Francesca , Abbruzzese Luca , Chirico Luca , Scolavino Salvatore , Goracci Cecilia , Cantatore Giuseppe , Vichi Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to review the experimental staining procedures performed in in‐vitro studies for evaluating color stability of resin‐based composites used for direct restorations.OverviewA review was performed with the purpose to identify in vitro procedures carried out to establish staining and color stability of resin‐based composites used for direct restorations. A literature search was performed on four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) for articles published from January 1st 2001 till March 20th 2021, using a combination of free words and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms: “Composite Resins” AND “Color Stability” OR “Staining.” Two reviewers screened titles and/or abstracts of 1728 unique studies. In total, 208 studies were selected for full‐text reading, from which 178 were included in the review. The assessed variables were specimen dimensions, shape, and surface finishing; time before immersion; staining media type, dwell time, temperature and renewal interval; type of composite; color and translucency assessment parameters and measuring system.One hundred and seventy‐eight articles analyzed color stability with staining liquids. Coffee was the most used staining medium (n = 102), followed by tea (n = 61), and red wine (n = 55). A disc‐shaped specimen was used in most studies (n = 170) with a 2 mm thickness (n = 116). Spectrophotometers were the most used color assessment devices (n = 154), followed by colorimeters (n = 17). Color differences were quantified with ΔE (n = 154), ΔE00 (n = 23). Acceptability and or perceptibility thresholds were also taken into consideration (n = 126).ConclusionsThe large variety of staining procedure suggests the need for standardization.Clinical SignificanceAesthetic failure due to discoloration is a relevant clinical problem. Evaluating benefits and drawbacks of resin based composites artificial staining procedures will improve to predict materials clinical performances.