bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling the synthesis conditions for the fabrication of Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3 nano powders to diminish undesirable pyrochlore structure
Authors: Elhefnawy G. M. , El-Gazery M. , Khafagy A. H. , Rashad M. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The main problem in fabrication of relaxor lead magnesium niobate (PMN; Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3) material is the formation of an undesirable pyrochlore phase (Pb1.86Mg0.24Nb1.67O6.5). This phase significantly impacts the electrical properties of the compound. Therefore, this article presents various experimental trials performed to minimize the formation of the undesirable pyrochlore phase during the preparation of relaxor lead magnesium niobate material. In this regard, a sol-gel pathway was utilized. The synthesis was conducted as follows; niobium ethoxide, metal nitrate and metal acetate were combined with 2-methoxyethanol to form transparent solution. The gel was then formed by heating the solution at 80 °C, to form the precursor powder. Subsequently, thermal treatment at elevated temperatures was performed to form the perovskite structure. The effects of several synthesis conditions such as the presence of surplus Mg2+ ions, excess of Pb2+ ion content, annealing and pre-annealing temperature, type of fuel and the annealing time, on the physicochemical properties and the structure of PMN phase were investigated. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results manifested that crystallization of PMN was occurred at a temperature of 580 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles revealed that the ratio of the pyrochlore (Pb1.86Mg0.24Nb1.67O6.5) phase was significantly reduced by increasing the Mg2+ ion content up to 30%. The lowest concentration of the pyrochlore phase was predestined during a single annealing step at 900 °C for a period of 3 h, using an excess of 30% Mg2+ ion concentration. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data was conducted using Material Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD) software. The refinement was performed to determine the crystal structure and lattice constants. From the refinement, the cubic structure was evinced with a lattice constant (a) of 4.048Å. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of PMN nano powders annealed at 900 °C for 3 h demonstrated a spectrum characteristic of the most perovskite compounds with a common BO6 oxygen-octahedral structure. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) provided the composition and the chemical states of the prepared PMN compound. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed that the PMN material exhibited a large specific surface area (155.8 m2/g) with a small average pore radius (2.8 nm). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images indicated that the PMN particles manifested a regular cubic structure with an average particle size of 43 ± 0.1 nm under the optimum conditions. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) technique proved the polycrystalline nature of the formed ceramic material. From characterization results obtained in this work, this material shows potential candidate for various metrological applications, including piezoceramic for the ultrasonic transducer cores.
Flow of a micropolar drop in an impermeable micropolar circular pipe
Authors: Salem Ahmed G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In light of the blood cells motion inside the vein or artery, there is no knowledge available about the importance of the flow of a non-deformable micropolar drop inside a circular cylindrical pipe filled with a micropolar fluid. This paper provides a two-fluid phase motion problem of an axially symmetrical quasisteady movement of a micro-structure fluid drop embedded in another micro-structure fluid of micropolar kind on the axis of an impermeable cylindrical pipe that is discussed under the low Reynolds number conditions. The interfacial tension between the immiscible fluid phases at the drop’s interface is assumed to be very large to ensure that the droplet remains spherical in shape. Also, the microrotation and couple stress relations at the droplet’s interface are used. The general solutions for the differential equations are fulfilled by the stream functions of the micropolar fluids, which are constructed by combining fundamental solutions in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, and then the conditions on the boundaries are fulfilled at the inner surface of the pipe by the Fourier-transform and also at the interface of the drop using collocation methods. The paper’s significance is to discuss and see the effectiveness of the pipe’s inner surface on the hydrodynamic normalised force influencing the drop sphere because of its filling with and existence in a micropolar fluid. Findings indicate that the hydrodynamic normalised force is increasing monotonically with the increase of the droplet-to-pipe radius ratio, and tends to infinity when the droplet’s interface touches the pipe’s inner surface. Additionally, the findings show that when the micropolarity parameters increase, so does the normalised drag force. Our findings for the normalised force agree well with the solutions that are provided in publications. The current study is also significant in the domains of industrial and biomedical operations like coagulation, sedimentation, and rheology of suspension, to name a few.
The power of music: impact on EEG signals
Authors: El Sayed Basma Bahgat , Basheer Mye Ali , Shalaby Marwa Safwat , El Habashy Hala Rashad , Elkholy Saly Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
Music is known to impact attentional state without conscious awareness. Listening to music encourages the brain to secrete neurotransmitters improving cognition and emotion.

Aim of work
Analysis of QEEG band width while listening to two music types, identifying different cortical areas activated and which genre has a similar effect to relaxed EEG.

Methods
This is a cross-section interventional analytic study including 76 normal subjects, 55 of them are females (72.37%). Participants listened to 10 min of a single audio track during EEG recording, consisting of (1 min of silence, 3 min of Egyptian folk music, 3 min of silence, then 3 min of Egyptian instrumental classic music (without any lyrics). We analyzed QEEG bands at each brain region during different tracks. The power ratio index (PRI) was calculated for each region, and then the interhemispheric difference was compared.

Results
The participants’ ages ranged from 15 to 26 with a mean 16.73 ± 2.37 years. PRI showed a significant increase in the frontal and occipital regions during listening to folk music compared to the silent epoch, where p < 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively. In the frontal and temporal regions, the classic music epoch evoked the highest PRI interhemispheric difference compared to the folk music epoch, where p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively.

Conclusion
Egyptian folk music has significantly slowed the brain rhythm, particularly in the frontal region, compared to classic music, supporting the hypothesis of a momentary reduction of cognitive capacities by the noise. Classic music was evidently associated with a relaxed state EEG.
Sustainability Nexus AID: storms
Authors: Papalexiou Simon Michael , Mascaro Giuseppe , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Mamalakis Antonios , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Andreadis Konstantinos M. , Schiro Kathleen , Zaerpour Masoud , Hatami Shadi , Gavasso-Rita Yohanne Larissa , Ballarin André S. , Godoy Mijael Rodrigo Vargas , Nerantzaki Sofia , Abdelmoaty Hebatallah , Matin Mir A. , Madani Kaveh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStorms include a range of weather events resulting in heavy liquid and solid precipitation and high winds. These events critically impact crops and natural resources and, in turn, health, economy, and infrastructure safety. The intensity and frequency of the physical mechanisms triggering storms will most likely increase under global warming due to the changing flows of water and energy in the atmosphere. Addressing storm threats holistically requires a nexus approach that links climate change, infrastructure, and human prosperity and well-being, contributing to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. This work introduces the Storms Module of the United Nations University (UNU) Sustainability Nexus Analytics, Informatics, and Data (AID) Programme. The paper aims to emphasize the importance of AID tools in addressing storm impacts through a data-driven nexus approach that recognizes the connections between storm hazards, policy, and society. Today, AID tools are instrumental in understanding storms and making informed decisions to manage them. AID tools contribute to archiving and monitoring storm data, employing predictive models and early warning systems, estimating storm risk, conducting post-storm analysis, and aiding preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. The Storms Module lists freely available AID tools, including large databases, simulation and precipitation tools, and resources for storm preparedness. Over the next years, new Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, are expected to revolutionize storm understanding, forecasting, and adaptive planning. However, especially for the operational use of new AI tools, caution is advised due to potential limitations regarding data quality, ethical concerns, cybersecurity risks, and the need for legal frameworks.
Pressure model and scaling laws in jammed bidisperse granular packings
Authors: Petit Juan C. , Sperl Matthias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This investigation delves into the scaling laws governing pressure and key mean variables throughout the first and second jamming transitions previously observed in asymmetric bidisperse granular packings. Motivated by a theoretical model integrating crucial parameters—size ratio,
$$\delta$$
, concentration of small particles,
$$X_{\mathrm{S}}$$
, packing fraction,
$$\phi$$
, mean contact number,
$$\langle Z \rangle$$
, mean overlap,
$$\langle \alpha ^{c}_{n} \rangle$$
, and mean branch vector length
$$\langle \ell ^{c}_{n} \rangle$$
—we employ molecular dynamics simulations to validate the model. Our findings reveal a non-linear relationship between pressure and
$$\phi$$
stemming from the dynamic interaction of mean variables with
$$\phi$$
during compression. Regardless of
$$X_{\mathrm{S}}$$
for δ = 0.73, the scaling exponent
$$c_{Z}$$
characterizing
$$\langle Z \rangle$$
with
$$\phi$$
consistently approximates 0.5, holding true for δ = 0.73 and high
$$X_{\mathrm{S}}$$
values. Intriguingly, for δ = 0.15 and low
$$X_{\mathrm{S}}$$
, where the two jamming transitions are observed,
$$c_{Z}$$
exhibits distinct values. At the first transition, where large particles jam,
$$c_{Z}$$
slightly exceeds 0.5, while it diminishes to approximately 0.3 at the second transition following the jamming of small particles. Additionally, the exponents associated with the scaling of
$$\langle \alpha ^{c}_{n} \rangle$$
and
$$\langle \ell ^{c}_{n} \rangle$$
with
$$\phi$$
consistently converge around
$$c_{\alpha } = c_{\ell } \sim 0.92$$
varying with changes in
$$X_{\mathrm{S}}$$
and
$$\delta$$
. Moreover, the pressure model aligns seamlessly with simulation trends, exhibiting a consistent exponent around
$$c_{p} \sim 1.1$$
–1.3 throughout the first and second jamming transitions. These results offer valuable insights into the compression behavior of highly asymmetric bidisperse packings, emphasizing the substantial influence of
$$\delta$$
and
$$X_{\mathrm{S}}$$
on the system’s macroscopic properties.
Urban life of an elusive species: population trends, movement patterns, foraging habitats, and prospecting in Mediterranean Gulls (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus) breeding in Hamburg, northern Germany
Authors: Garthe Stefan , Haecker Karena , Mitschke Alexander , Dierschke Volker , Schwemmer Philipp 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe lower River Elbe, including Hamburg, is part of a distribution hotspot for Mediterranean Gulls in northwest Europe. We studied local population trends and foraging behaviours of 13 adult Mediterranean Gulls breeding on a roof top at the edge of Hamburg city in June 2021 and 2022, using GPS tagging. Mediterranean Gulls have bred regularly in the Hamburg region since 1987, increasing to around 150 pairs at the end of the 2000s. After 2019, breeding numbers increased to > 300 pairs, with frequent changes among three local colonies. In both 2021 and 2022, most foraging trips were directed towards the south and southeast, but Mediterranean Gulls also regularly performed long-distance trips heading west and northwest. Foraging trips lasted up to 59.2 h, with foraging ranges up to 115.2 km and total distances covered in the foraging trips ranging from 3.0 to 514.2 km. The most important foraging habitats were pastures (mean 62%) and non-irrigated arable land (mean 26%). Nine of the 11 analysed Mediterranean Gulls showed prospecting behaviour. The longest prospecting periods per individual lasted between 2.2 and 11.1 h (mean 5.4 h). At the end of their individual breeding periods, only one of the 11 birds left the Hamburg-Moorfleet colony on long-distance migration, while all the other individuals stopped in at least one other colony in northern Germany for a few days. Mediterranean Gulls in northern Germany are characterised by spatially variable breeding site locations, coinciding with a high level of prospecting behaviour. In contrast, the use of foraging habitats seems to be consistent, including local and traditional foraging sites.
Topic modelling through the bibliometrics lens and its technique
Authors: Ogunleye Bayode , Lancho Barrantes Barbara S. , Zakariyyah Kudirat Ibilola 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Topic modelling (TM) is a significant natural language processing (NLP) task and is becoming more popular, especially, in the context of literature synthesis and analysis. Despite the growing volume of studies on the use of and versatility of TM, the knowledge of TM development, especially from the perspective of bibliometrics analysis is limited. To this end, this study evaluated TM research using two techniques namely, bibliometrics analysis and TM itself to provide the current status and the pathway for future studies in the TM field. For this purpose, this study used 16,941 documents collected from Scopus database from 2004 to 2023. Results indicate that the publications on TM have increased over the years, however, the citation impact has declined. Furthermore, the scientific production on TM is concentrated in two countries namely, China and the USA. Our findings showed there are several applications of TM that are understudied, for example, TM for image segmentation and classification. This paper highlighted the future research directions, most importantly, calls for increased multidisciplinary research approaches to fully deploy TM algorithms optimally and thus, increase usage in non-computer science subject areas.
Modified LSHADE-SPACMA with new mutation strategy and external archive mechanism for numerical optimization and point cloud registration
Authors: Fu Shengwei , Ma Chi , Li Ke , Xie Cankun , Fan Qingsong , Huang Haisong , Xie Jiangxue , Zhang Guozhang , Yu Mingyang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Numerical optimization and point cloud registration are critical research topics in the field of artificial intelligence. The differential evolution algorithm is an effective approach to address these problems, and LSHADE-SPACMA, the winning algorithm of CEC2017, is a competitive differential evolution variant. However, LSHADE-SPACMA’s local exploitation capability can sometimes be insufficient when handling these challenges. Therefore, in this work, we propose a modified version of LSHADE-SPACMA (mLSHADE-SPACMA) for numerical optimization and point cloud registration. Compared to the original approach, this work presents three main innovations. First, we present a precise elimination and generation mechanism to enhance the algorithm’s local exploitation ability. Second, we introduce a mutation strategy based on a modified semi-parametric adaptive strategy and rank-based selective pressure, which improves the algorithm’s evolutionary direction. Third, we propose an elite-based external archiving mechanism, which ensures the diversity of the external population and can accelerate the algorithm’s convergence progress. Additionally, we utilize the CEC2014 (Dim = 10, 30, 50, 100) and CEC2017 (Dim = 10, 30, 50, 100) test suites for numerical optimization experiments, comparing our approach against: (1) 10 recent CEC winner algorithms, including LSHADE, EBOwithCMAR, jSO, LSHADE-cnEpSin, HSES, LSHADE-RSP, ELSHADE-SPACMA, EA4eig, L-SRTDE, and LSHADE-SPACMA; (2) 4 advanced variants: APSM-jSO, LensOBLDE, ACD-DE, and MIDE. The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman mean rank test demonstrate that mLSHADE-SPACMA not only outperforms the original LSHADE-SPACMA but also surpasses other high-performance optimizers, except that it is inferior L-SRTDE on CEC2017. Finally, 25 point cloud registration cases from the Fast Global Registration dataset are applied for simulation analysis to demonstrate the potential of the developed mLSHADE-SPACMA technique for solving practical optimization problems. The code is available at https://github.com/ShengweiFu?tab=repositories and https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/fileexchange/my-file-exchange
Advancing paleontology: a survey on deep learning methodologies in fossil image analysis
Authors: Yaqoob Mohammed , Ishaq Mohammed , Ansari Mohammed Yusuf , Qaiser Yemna , Hussain Rehaan , Rabbani Harris Sajjad , Garwood Russell J. , Seers Thomas D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding ancient organisms and their interactions with paleoenvironments through the study of body fossils is a central tenet of paleontology. Advances in digital image capture now allow for efficient and accurate documentation, curation, and interrogation of fossil forms and structures in two and three dimensions, extending from microfossils to larger specimens. Despite these developments, key fossil image processing and analysis tasks, such as segmentation and classification, still require significant user intervention, which can be labor-intensive and subject to human bias. Recent advances in deep learning offer the potential to automate fossil image analysis, improving throughput and limiting operator bias. Despite the emergence of deep learning within paleontology in the last decade, challenges such as the scarcity of diverse, high quality image datasets and the complexity of fossil morphology necessitate further advancement which will be aided by the adoption of concepts from other scientific domains. Here, we comprehensively review state-of-the-art deep learning based methodologies applied to fossil analysis, grouping the studies based on the fossil type and nature of the task. Furthermore, we analyze existing literature to tabulate dataset information, neural network architecture type, and key results, and provide textual summaries. Finally, we discuss novel techniques for fossil data augmentation and fossil image enhancements, which can be combined with advanced neural network architectures, such as diffusion models, generative hybrid networks, transformers, and graph neural networks, to improve body fossil image analysis.
Pre- and post-diagnosis body weight trajectories in patients with localized renal cell cancer
Authors: Vrieling Alina , Olsson Linnea T. , Kleuters Guyon , Maurits Jake S. F. , Aben Katja , Sedelaar J. P. Michiel , Furberg Helena , Kiemeney Lambertus A. L. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity in mid-life is a well-established risk factor for developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, patients with RCC who are obese at the time of diagnosis have more favorable survival outcomes. To get better insight into the obesity paradox and determine the extent to which weight around diagnosis is stable, we examined pre- and post-diagnosis weight changes in patients with localized RCC.

Methods
We included 334 patients with localized RCC from the prospective cohort ReLife who self-reported body weight at multiple time points ranging from 2 years before to 2 years after diagnosis. Multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models were used to compare weight at each timepoint to weight at diagnosis for the overall study population, as well as stratified by BMI at diagnosis, tumor stage, and tumor grade.

Results
Most patients were classified as overweight (38.3%) or obese (29.6%) at diagnosis. Overall, patients experienced on average 1.45 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84, 2.06) weight loss in the 2 years before diagnosis. Pre-diagnosis weight loss was higher in patients who were non-obese at diagnosis, and who presented with higher tumor stage and grade. On average, pre-diagnosis weight loss was at least partially regained within two years after diagnosis.

Conclusion
Patients who were non-obese and patients with higher stage and grade tumors had higher pre-diagnosis weight loss, which was at least partially regained after treatment. These patterns suggest there are subgroups of patients with localized RCC who experience disease-related weight loss, which could contribute to the obesity paradox.
Licensing Exam Pass Rate Disparities in Marriage and Family Therapy: Using an Analysis of Predictive Factors to Inform a More Equitable Licensing Exam Process
Authors: Lyness Kevin , Gehart Diane , Hannigan Brian , Birge Barrie , Ross Sheiketha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article describes the findings of a study that explored potential factors that influence the pass rate for those taking marriage and family therapy (MFT) licensing exams, both the national and California exams. An online, national survey was conducted to determine factors associated with passing the MFT licensing exams. The survey included measures of test anxiety, coping strategies, perceived stress, and experience of discrimination. The demographic results included patterns of racial and age disparities similar to those reported by the Association of Social Work Boards (2022), especially for Black respondents. Specific and readily implemented recommendations for making the current exams more equitable include (a) changing the phrasing of questions, (b) clarifying and reducing the scope of the content, (c) reducing the number of questions during the 4-hour period, and (d) ensuring adequate accommodations for disabilities.