bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an educational intervention on Nigerian midwives' intention to provide planned home birth care
Authors: Muhammed Auwalu , Shariff‐Ghazali Sazlina , Md Said Salmiah , Hassan Mairo , Lee Khuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of women in Sokoto, Nigeria prefer homebirths, but midwives are reluctant to provide care in the home setting. As such, many women continue to give birth at home alone or assisted by untrained attendants, which is associated with an increased risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted among 226 midwives from 10 health care facilities. The intervention group received an educational program on home birth. A validated questionnaire that evaluated knowledge, attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intention to provide planned home birth care was given at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at three‐months follow‐up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effect model statistics.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the intervention group demonstrated higher knowledge and more positive attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intention to provide planned home birth care compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant changes in the scores of the control group were observed during the study duration (P > 0.05).DiscussionEducating midwives on planned home birth increases their willingness to provide planned home birth care. Health system administrators, policymakers, and researchers may use similar interventions to promote skilled home birth attendance by midwives. Increasing the number of midwives who are willing to attend planned home births provides women at low risk for medical complications with safer options for labor, delivery, and postpartum care.
Initiation and evolution of fault‐controlled slope‐parallel submarine channels: Miocene eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xian Benzhong , Liu Jingyan , Khan Majid , Fan Caiwei , Li Hui , Wang Junhui , Zhang Ximeng , Liu Jianping , Chen Peng , Wu Qianran , Zhang Wenmiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubmarine channels act as the main conduits for the transport of sediment to deep‐water basins by sediment gravity flows. The interplay between fault‐related deformation and the initiation and development of the channels is poorly known. Here, we present the identification, formation and evolution of the Miocene slope‐parallel channel by employing 3D seismic reflection, wireline‐log and core data in the eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. Based on the lengths and plan‐view shapes, a total of three different types of fault‐associated slope‐parallel depressions have been identified. The depressions were formed in the fault zone and controlled by the reactivation of the underlying older faults. Among them, Type‐1 depressions are short (<20 km) oval or circle shaped possessing only one depocenter. Type‐2 depressions are elongated (25–70 km), and usually have multiple depocenters. Type‐3 depressions, which are usually connected by slope‐perpendicular channels in the head and middle, are longer (more than 190 km) and connect shallow and deep‐water basins. The analysis of morphology, erosivity and material transport shows that Type‐3 depressions are fully fledged channels. Type‐1 and Type‐2 depressions are channel precursors representing the initial stage of channel evolution. With this motive, a model for the initiation and evolution of slope‐parallel submarine channels controlled by strike‐slip‐extensional faults is presented. Unlike the previous investigations which suggest that erosion takes place at the inception of submarine channel formation, the fault‐controlled slope‐parallel channel is mainly controlled by faulting and has no initial erosive base and does not develop levees. The depressions are extended and elongated by the continuous fault activity. It was not until the slope‐parallel depression connected with large‐scale slope‐perpendicular channels transporting materials into the depression via erosive turbidity currents that it evolved into a channel‐levee system. This study is of global importance for understanding submarine channel generation and evolution since the fault‐controlled slope‐parallel channels have been found in tectonic active basins worldwide.
Reproductive niche differentiation in syntopic tropical tree frogs (Agalychnis)
Authors: Griffis‐Kyle Kerry L. , LeVering Kate , Vega Andres , Perez‐Martinez Christian A. , Barun Arijana , Perry Gad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSmall differences in syntopic Agalychnis callidryas and A. spurrelli oviposition sites and embryo predation via snakes and invertebrates provide context for a previously unexplainable difference in embryonic behavioral risk responses. Correlations in reproductive and ecological traits suggest directional selection in the syntopic populations of these species. [Correction added on 10 November 2022: The abstract was updated to clarify that there was only one difference. The words character displacement were replaced by directional selection.]
Maxillary vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement: A proof of principle randomized clinical trial
Authors: Al‐Dubai Mohammed , Mounir Ragia , Ali Sherif , Mounir Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sandwich osteotomy technique usually requires high surgical skills and prolonged intraoperative time and had some technical drawbacks with a subsequent deficient amount of vertical bone gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical bone gain using sandwich osteotomy with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement in the anterior maxilla.Material and methodsThis study included 16 patients having multiple missing maxillary anterior teeth with a vertically deficient alveolar ridge. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Both groups were treated using sandwich osteotomy with interpositional particulate bovine bone graft. In the study group (8 patients, 17 implants), the transport mobilized bone segment was fixed in position using simultaneous implant placement. Whereas in the control group (8 patients, 18 implants), micro‐plates and screws were used, followed by a second‐stage surgery for plates removal and delayed implant placement. Radiographic assessment included 4 months postoperative mean of vertical gain in alveolar ridge height, taken from cross‐sectional cuts of cone beam CT.ResultsThe mean vertical bone gain in the study group was 4.04 ± 0.59 mm compared to 3.86 ± 0.52 mm in the control group with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.518). The mean value of bone gain percentage in the study group was 33.02% compared to 31.75% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.656).ConclusionThe sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous implant placement is a reliable method for vertical ridge augmentation that eliminates the need for a secondary surgery.
Integrating local ecological knowledge, ecological monitoring, and computer simulation to evaluate conservation outcomes
Authors: Early‐Capistrán Michelle María , Solana‐Arellano Elena , Abreu‐Grobois F. Alberto , Garibay‐Melo Gerardo , Seminoff Jeffrey A. , Sáenz‐Arroyo Andrea , Narchi Nemer E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuccessful conservation of long‐lived species requires reliable understanding of long‐term trends and historical baselines. We present a framework for evaluating abundance trends and conservation outcomes for long‐lived marine species by integrating local ecological knowledge (LEK), ecological monitoring, and computer simulation, tested on a case‐study of long‐lived and heavily exploited green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Eastern Pacific. Models fit to LEK and monitoring data indicate that turtle abundance is increasing, but only after ∼40 years of safeguarding the species’ nesting and foraging habitats in Mexico. However, current abundance is at ∼60% of baseline levels and historic population structure has not been reestablished, indicating the need for sustained, long‐term conservation actions. We demonstrate the potential of linking LEK and ecological science to provide critical information for conservation, by establishing reference baselines and gauging population status with a long‐term historical perspective, while promoting equitable and sustainable futures.
Replacement drives native β‐diversity of British avifauna, while richness differences shape alien β‐diversity
Authors: Lazarina Maria , Sgardelis Stefanos P. , Michailidou Danai‐Eleni , Tsianou Mariana , Andrikou‐Charitidou Aristi , Touloumis Konstantinos , Kallimanis Athanasios S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimWe explored the range shifts of alien and native birds, the responses of alien and native β‐diversity to abiotic factors, and the effect of native diversity on alien β‐diversity in two time periods.LocationGreat Britain.Time period1968–1972, 2007–2011.Taxa studiedBreeding birds.MethodsWe estimated range shifts of alien and native species between the periods 1968–1972 and 2007–2011. Following, β‐diversity of alien and native communities was estimated by Jaccard pairwise index (βtot) and partitioned into richness difference and replacement component for each period. We built abiotic generalized dissimilarity models including abiotic factors for alien and native βtot and their components and a biotic model for aliens including native taxonomic and functional diversity as predictors.ResultsMost alien and half native species expanded into new regions during the 40‐year period. The native species range shifts did not exhibit a clear pattern along the longitudinal or latitudinal gradient, while alien species tended to move north‐westwards. The richness difference was the dominant component of alien β‐diversity, and the replacement component contributed mostly to native β‐diversity. Alien β‐diversity responded similarly but less strongly than native β‐diversity, to the abiotic gradients. Temperature‐related variables, distance and precipitation were the most important abiotic drivers of native and alien β‐diversity. The biotic model of alien β‐diversity explained more deviance than the abiotic model.Main conclusionsAlien species expanded into new regions over the 40 years, with alien β‐diversity driven mostly by species gains. The effect of environmental filtering on alien communities was weaker compared with native communities but was slightly reinforced in the second period compared with the first period, highlighting the role of environmental change in shaping diversity patterns. Native diversity played a key role in driving alien β‐diversity, through biotic interactions or/and by reflecting climatic suitability or niche availability for aliens.
Performance of an artificial intelligence‐based diagnostic support tool for early gastric cancers: Retrospective study
Authors: Ishioka Mitsuaki , Osawa Hiroyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Kawachi Hiroshi , Nakano Kaoru , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Sakaguchi Mio , Tada Tomohiro , Kato Yusuke , Shibata Junichi , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Tajiri Hisao , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesEndoscopists' abilities to diagnose early gastric cancers (EGCs) vary, especially between specialists and nonspecialists. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic support tool “Tango” to differentiate EGCs and compared its performance with that of endoscopists.MethodsThe diagnostic performances of Tango and endoscopists (34 specialists, 42 nonspecialists) were compared using still images of 150 neoplastic and 165 non‐neoplastic lesions. Neoplastic lesions included EGCs and adenomas. The primary outcome was to show the noninferiority of Tango (based on sensitivity) over specialists. The secondary outcomes were the noninferiority of Tango (based on accuracy) over specialists and the superiority of Tango (based on sensitivity and accuracy) over nonspecialists. The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between Tango and the specialists for sensitivity was calculated, with >−10% defined as noninferiority and >0% defined as superiority in the primary outcome. The comparable differences between Tango and the endoscopists for each performance were calculated, with >10% defined as superiority and >0% defined as noninferiority in the secondary outcomes.ResultsTango achieved superiority over the specialists based on sensitivity (84.7% vs. 65.8%, difference 18.9%, 95% CI 12.3–25.3%) and demonstrated noninferiority based on accuracy (70.8% vs. 67.4%). Tango achieved superiority over the nonspecialists based on sensitivity (84.7% vs. 51.0%) and accuracy (70.8% vs. 58.4%).ConclusionsThe AI‐based diagnostic support tool for EGCs demonstrated a robust performance and may be useful to reduce misdiagnosis.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: Are clinical trial benefits for heart failure reflected in real‐world clinical practice? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hinton William , Ansari Abdus Samad , Whyte Martin B. , McGovern Andrew P. , Feher Michael D. , Munro Neil , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the absolute risk reduction (ARR) of heart failure events in people treated with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and ISI Web of Science for observational studies published to 9 May 2022 that explored the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and any indication for heart failure (including new diagnosis or hospitalization for heart failure) in type 2 diabetes. Identified studies were independently screened by two reviewers and assessed for bias using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. Eligible studies with comparable outcome data were pooled for meta‐analysis using random‐effects models, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The ARR per 100 person‐years was determined overall, and in subgroups with and without baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultsFrom 43 eligible studies, with a total of 4 818 242 participants from 17 countries, 21 were included for meta‐analysis. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.59‐0.72) overall and both in those with CVD (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68‐0.89) and without CVD (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39‐0.71). Risk reduction for hospitalization for heart failure in people with a history of CVD (ARR 1.17, 95% CI 0.78‐1.55) was significantly greater than for those without CVD (ARR 0.39, 95% CI 0.32‐0.47). The number‐needed‐to‐treat to prevent one event of hospitalization for heart failure was 86 (95% CI 65‐128) person‐years of treatment for the CVD group and 256 (95% CI 215‐316) person‐years for those without CVD.ConclusionsReal‐world SGLT2 inhibitor use supports randomized trial data for the size effect of reduced hospitalization for heart failure in type 2 diabetes, although with a much lower ARR in people without CVD.
Sensory tetanisation to induce long‐term‐potentiation‐like plasticity: A review and reassessment of the approach
Authors: Dias James W. , McClaskey Carolyn M. , Rumschlag Jeffrey A. , Harris Kelly C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is great interest in developing non‐invasive approaches for studying cortical plasticity in humans. High‐frequency presentation of auditory and visual stimuli, or sensory tetanisation, can induce long‐term‐potentiation‐like (LTP‐like) changes in cortical activity. However, contrasting effects across studies suggest that sensory tetanisation may be unreliable. We review these contrasting effects, conduct our own study of auditory and visual tetanisation, and perform meta‐analyses to determine the average effect of sensory tetanisation across studies. We measured auditory‐evoked amplitude changes in a group of younger (18–29 years of age) and older (55–83 years of age) adults following tetanisation to 1 and 4 kHz tone bursts and following a slow‐presentation control. We also measured visual‐evoked amplitude changes following tetanisation to horizontal and vertical sign gradients. Auditory and visual response amplitudes decreased following tetanisation, consistent with some studies but contrasting with others finding amplitude increases (i.e. LTP‐like changes). Older adults exhibited more modest auditory‐evoked amplitude decreases, but visual‐evoked amplitude decreases like those of younger adults. Changes in response amplitude were not specific to tetanised stimuli. Importantly, slow presentation of auditory tone bursts produced response amplitude changes approximating those observed following tetanisation in younger adults. Meta‐analyses of visual and auditory tetanisation studies found that the overall effect of sensory tetanisation was not significant across studies or study sites. The results suggest that sensory tetanisation may not produce reliable changes in cortical responses and more work is needed to determine the validity of sensory tetanisation as a method for inducing human cortical plasticity in vivo.
Exploiting the molecular diversity of the synapse to investigate neuronal communication: A guide through the current toolkit
Authors: Lamanna Jacopo , Ferro Mattia , Spadini Sara , Malgaroli Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemical synapses are tiny and overcrowded environments, deeply embedded inside brain tissue and enriched with thousands of protein species. Many efforts have been devoted to developing custom approaches for evaluating and modifying synaptic activity. Most of these methods are based on the engineering of one or more synaptic protein scaffolds used to target active moieties to the synaptic compartment or to manipulate synaptic functioning. In this review, we summarize the most recent methodological advances and provide a description of the involved proteins as well as the operation principle. Furthermore, we highlight their advantages and limitations in relation to studies of synaptic transmission in vitro and in vivo. Concerning the labelling methods, the most important challenge is how to extend the available approaches to the in vivo setting. On the other hand, for those methods that allow manipulation of synaptic function, this limit has been overcome using optogenetic approaches that can be more easily applied to the living brain. Finally, future applications of these methods to neuroscience, as well as new potential routes for development, are discussed.
Seizures in anti‐Hu–associated extra‐limbic encephalitis: Characterization of a unique disease manifestation
Authors: Budhram Adrian , Sharma Manas , Young G. Bryan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnti‐Hu–associated neurologic autoimmunity most often occurs in the context of small cell lung cancer and typically presents with peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and/or limbic encephalitis. Extra‐limbic encephalitis causing seizures is a rare disease manifestation, with only sparse reports in the literature. Herein we present a patient with seizures in anti‐Hu–associated extra‐limbic encephalitis, and review the literature for other cases to more fully characterize this entity. Among 27 patients we identified, the median age was 46 years (range: 2–69 years) and 18 of 27 (67%) were female. Focal motor seizures were most common, followed by ictal expressive speech difficulty. Seizure semiologies along with neuroimaging findings most frequently suggested the involvement of the peri‐Rolandic cortex, more anterior frontal operculum, and insula, although other cortical regions were rarely affected as well. In contrast to other classical paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, good response to treatment with attainment of seizure‐free survival was often reported, although over one‐third still died. A propensity for chronic seizures among children indicated the potential to develop autoimmune‐associated epilepsy. The predilection for certain extra‐limbic regions, as well as the possibility of good response to treatment, may reflect unique disease mechanisms that would benefit from further study.
‘I had a bigger cancer risk than I thought…’: The experience of receiving personalized risk information as part of a skin cancer prevention intervention in the college setting
Authors: Brady Hannah L. , Hamilton Jada G. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Jensen Jakob D. , Kohlmann Wendy , Parsons Bridget G. , Lillie Helen M. , Wankier Ali P. , Smith Heather J. , Grossman Douglas , Hay Jennifer L. , Wu Yelena P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnoses of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers are becoming increasingly common among young adults. Interventions in this population are a priority because they do not consistently follow skin cancer prevention recommendations.ObjectivesThe goal of the current study was to examine college students' perspectives on and experience with receiving a skin cancer prevention intervention that provided personalized skin cancer risk feedback in the form of an ultraviolet (UV) photograph, the results of genetic testing for common skin cancer risk variants, and/or general skin cancer prevention education.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 38 college students who received a skin cancer prevention intervention. The interview covered students' feelings about their personal skin cancer risk information, the impact of the intervention on their skin cancer risk perceptions, actions or intentions to act with regard to their sun protection practices and feedback for improvement of the intervention content or delivery.ResultsParticipants reported that different intervention components contributed to increased awareness of their sun protection behaviours, shifts in cognitions about and motivation to implement sun protection strategies and reported changes to their skin cancer prevention strategies.ConclusionOur findings indicate that college students are interested in and responsive to these types of multicomponent skin cancer preventive interventions. Further, students demonstrate some motivation and intentionality toward changing their skin cancer risk behaviour in the short term.Patient or Public ContributionParticipants involved in this study were members of the public (undergraduate students) who were involved in a skin cancer prevention intervention, then participated in semistructured interviews, which provided the data analysed for this study.