bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LATIHAN SMALL-SIDED GAMES TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KONDISI FISIK PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA USIA 12-14 TAHUN SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA PERFECT UNIMED TAHUN 2018
Authors: Capah Doni Alfian , Nusri Ardi 
Published: April 2022

Akhir-akhir ini sering dibicarakan tentang metode latihan Small-Sided Games. Menurut Sam Snow (2011:5), small-sided games adalah permainan yang dimainkan di lapangan yang lebih kecil dan pemain yang lebih sedikit dari pada permainan yang sesungguhnya yaitu 11 lawan 11. Permainan dengan 3 lawan 3, 4 lawan 3 dan 4 lawan 4 adalah contoh permainan small sided games. Berkaitan dengan sedang maraknya penggunaan matode latihan Small-Sided Games, maka peneliti ingin mengetahui manfaat metode latihan Small-Sided Games yang kaitannya dengan kondisi fisik pemain sepakbola. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Latihan Small-Sided Games terhadap peningkatan kondisi fisik pemain sepakbola usia 12-14 tahun sekolah sepakbola Perfect Unimed. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan teknik tes untuk pengambilan datanya. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one pretest-posttest group. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ada peningkatan kondisi fisik bermain sepakbola pada siswa SSB Perfect Unimed sesudah diberikan latihan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh latihan small side game terhadap peningkatan kondisi fisik pada siswa SSB Perfect Unimed.
PERBEDAAN AKTIVITAS FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG DAN INTENSITAS BERAT TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) PADA TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Situmorang Anjelius Setiawan 
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang dan intensitas berat terhadap kadar kolesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL) pada tikus putih (rattus norvegicus). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Farmasi USU pada bulan juni sampai dengan bulan juli 2021. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian ekperimental dengan desain post test and control grup desain. Sampel penelitian adalah tikus putih jantan berjumlah 30 ekor dengan umur 3-4 bulan dan berat badan 180-200 gram. Sampel di bagi menjadi 3 kelompok secara acak dengan kelompok terdiri dari 10 ekor tikus. Kelompok kontrol : tidak diberi aktivitas fisik, kelompok p1 : diberi aktivitas fisik berat berenang selama 50 menit, kelompok p2 : diberi aktivitas fisik sedang berupa renang selama 40 menit. Pemberian aktifitas fisik pada tikus diberikan dengan frekuensi 3 x seminggu selama 2 minggu. Sebelum tikus diberikan perlakuan terlebih dahulu tikus diberikan makan diet tinggi lemak (hiperkolestrolemia) berupa (lemak kambing, telur puyuh dan minyak jelanta) sebanyak 2 kali sehari selama 2 minggu. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengambilan darah langsung dari jantung. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar Ldl dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometri dengan metode colorimetri. Teknik analis data menggunakan uji anova dengan SPSS versi 22. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada ketiga kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok aktivitas fisik sedang, aktivitas fisik berat ( p = 0.222 ; p>0.05). Aktivitas fisik sedang dan berat tidak dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol ldl pada tikus yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Akan tetapi rata-rata kadar ldl pada kelompok aktivitas sedang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok aktivitas berat. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang dan intensitas berat terhadap kadar kolesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL) pada tikus yang di-induksi diet tinggi lemak.
European landmarks for health care reform in Ukraine compared to Germany
Authors: Shlapko T. , Starynskyi M. , Myrhorod-Karpova V. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to improving the legal regulation of health care in Ukraine in the light of European integration processes, using the experience of Germany. This issue is relevant both in Ukraine and abroad, as the health care systems of many countries are currently in need of improvement and indepth research, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
As a country with a vector to join the European Union, Ukraine must meet precise criteria for membership in this economic and political union and continue to reform the health care system. This article discusses the main German regulations concerning the health care system. The main problems that arise during medical services and their financing are summarized. The newest aspects of health care development are considered; in particular, the influence of digitalization on the development of health care, in general, is studied. The emergence, development, and further prospects of digitalization in Germany and Ukraine are analyzed in detail. The latest information and electronic technologies are mentioned, based on which there is a direct connection between patients, healthcare professionals and other participants in relations in healthcare field.
Initiatives for digitalization in European countries, including Germany, which are gradually improving the functioning of the electronic health care system in Germany, are considered because the Federal Ministry of Health receives feedback from consumers of innovative technologies, namely ePa, eHealth, and others. The introduction of new technologies is not unilateral but rather bilateral because citizens can express their views on the functioning of the new electronic system. Ukraine, in turn, is adopting the experience of Germany and implementing it in our electronic healthcare system.
The conclusion is made about perspective directions of state regulation in the sphere of reforming the health care system in Ukraine, taking into account the European experience. Particular attention is paid to highlighting what Ukraine can borrow from Germany to improve its health care system and ensure and improve the quality of medical services.
The state of legal regulation of home care by police in Ukraine
Authors: Boyko O. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the problematic issues of the quality of the police’s statutory tasks of protecting human life and ensuring their own safety.
The article clarifies the normative origins of the police officer’s duty to provide home care to the victim at the scene, identifies some shortcomings in the legal regulation of police activities related to health care. Although a police officer is a person who does not usually have a medical education, the law requires him or her to acquire and use some kind of medical knowledge at work at the scene of the accident. There is a need to ensure the quality of relevant educational services to the subjects of relevant relations.
Based on the analysis of relevant legislation, scientific and theoretical framework and educational practice on the research topic, a number of problematic aspects were identified, including: debatable application of the term “medical care” to non-medical education, internal inconsistency of legislation and regulations. The article focuses on some shortcomings of the normative content of police training programs under the First on the Event Program, which lead to irrational calculation of students’ training and instructor workload, and thus reduce its quality and efficiency, as well as inadequate organization of training. Critical assessment concerns the lack of a departmental police training program for home care, taking into account service needs and internationally recognized TESS standards. There are a number of recommendations and proposals to address these shortcomings that can be used in legislative activities.
The Subject of Persistent Failure to Perform Duties Related to the Care of a Child or a Person under Guardianship or in the Custody (Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)
Authors: Filipenko V. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the subject of the crime under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The subject of this crime has been identified as special. Its general (obligatory) and special (additional) features are found out. The general (obligatory) features include the following: a natural person, a sane person who has reached the age of sixteen. It is substantiated that special (additional) features of the subject of this crime characterize his social role and relationship with the victim. The social role is to take care of the child or the person under guardian- ship or custody. The subject has a family relationship with the child, and a custody or guardianship relationship with the incapacitated person. Scientific approaches to determining the range of subjects of this crime have been studied and their differences have been identified. The article clarifies and analyzes the types of special subject of the crime under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Depending on the person in need of care, they are divided into two groups. The first group includes subjects with responsibilities for the care of the child and the family nature of
the relationship between them. These are parents, adoptive parents, guardians, trustees, foster carers, foster parents, foster parents or actual caregivers. The second group includes entities that have responsibilities for the care of a person with limited capacity (incapacity) and are in a relationship with them in custody (guardianship) - guardians, trustees, officials of guardianship and trusteeship, heads of health care facilities or social protection.
The case law on the application of Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (2010-2021). Based on this, it was concluded that the perpetrators of the crime are mostly parents of the child, only in isolated cases - adoptive parents and guardians.
The axiomatic nature of legal knowledge
Authors: Vovk V. , Voluiko O. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the axiomatic nature of legal knowledge. The author argues that in the coordinates of modern methodological guidelines, the classical division of scientific knowledge into natural and humanitarian is not correct due to the presence of interdisciplinary and butt scientific knowledge. The thesis that the goal and purpose of scientific knowledge are unidirectional is substantiated. Scientific knowledge is one by nature, and therefore there is no need to differentiate the foundations of scientific theories into axioms and postulates.
It is also pointed out that even today the problems of axiomatics of scientific knowledge are traditionally presented in the field of mathematics and other exact sciences, but it does not take into account that all scientific concepts (regardless of scientific affiliation) are based on axiomatic foundations. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of obtaining information by K. Shannon, the essence of which is to recognize the fact of obtaining new information about reality by observing it (a posteriori information) is possible based on pre-experimental, initial (a priori) information. This a priori information in scientific research is represented by a system of axioms and hypotheses.
The article shows that the legal concepts of the origin of law are based on axioms, as provisions that are perceived as faith. The author identifies four axioms, which are often the basis of ontological legal concepts: the law is a social phenomenon and it arises in society (law is a social phenomenon); the right arises together with the state; law arises later than human society, but earlier than the state; law arises simultaneously with religion and morality as a result of the disintegration of mythology as a syncretic regulatory system. The results of the study can be used in further philosophical and theoretical and legal scientific research, preparation of special courses.
Prerequisites for the formation of the concept of the rule of law in civil proceedings: historical and legal context
Authors: Sopianenko O. 
Published: April 2022

The article considers the historical preconditions for the formation and development of the concept of the rule of law in civil proceedings. It is determined that the implementation of civil procedural activities is due to the special importance of the right to a fair trial as an eternal value of any legal and democratic state. However, civil litigation as a system of consideration and resolution of legal disputes in its continuous development has gone from the oldest procedures of protection of law, repeated attempts to regulate certain rules of litigation to large-scale codifications of legislation, which determined at different stages and in different countries process and its main elements. Thus, reforms in the field of civil justice have always been associated with the search for and approval of new fundamental ideas, paradigms for the administration of justice in cases.
This study considered the formation of forms of consideration and resolution of civil cases during the Kyiv Rus, during the stay of Ukrainian lands in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Hetmanate, the period of Russian autocracy and legislation in the Left Bank Ukraine, the influence of Austrian law in Western Ukraine. Soviet period, as well as the current stage of development of justice in civil are also discovered. Normative legal acts are analysed, in particular, Rus Pravda, Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Decisive Points, "Rights of the Little Russian People", "Summary of Trials or Litigation", "On Forms of Court", Statute of Civil Procedure of 1864 , Austrian Civil Procedure Code of 1895; CPC of the USSR in 1924, CPC of the USSR in 1929 and 1963.
Specific attention is paid to the Concept of Improving the Judiciary to Establish a Fair Court in Ukraine in Accordance with European Standards in 2006 and the Strategy for the Development of the Justice and Constitutional Judiciary for 2021-2023, which sets priorities for improving the judiciary, as well as the implementation of urgent measures to ensure positive changes in the functioning of relevant legal institutions.
The list of measures that need to be taken to eliminate defects and thus increase the efficiency of civil proceedings is identified. In particular, the real guarantee of the rule of law, and ultimately, the fairness of the trial and resolution of civil cases.
Form and content of amending agreement in civil procedure
Authors: Yurash I. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main theoretical and practical problems of concluding an amicable agreement in civil proceedings. The author considers the amicable agreement as a complex tool that has a material and procedural nature, and this, in turn, affects the order of its conclusion. The importance of compliance with the substantive and procedural norms that determine the procedure for concluding an amicable agreement, which would not otherwise be able to affect either the substantive or civil procedural relations, is noted.
The author notes that the form of amicable settlement in civil proceedings is governed by civil procedural law, which requires the parties to submit to the court a joint written statement signed by both of them, which should set out the terms of the amicable settlement. The position of the legislator on the importance of concluding an amicable agreement in a single document to prevent abuse of the right to conclude an amicable agreement is supported. Taking into account the novelties of the current civil procedural legislation of Ukraine regarding the formation of the e-justice system, a conclusion is made on the possibility of concluding an amicable agreement in electronic form, which must be certified by electronic signatures of both parties.
It is noted that the issue of the content of the amicable agreement in the legislation of Ukraine is poorly regulated, as in the substantive legislation there is no mention of the amicable agreement, and in the civil procedural terms of the amicable agreement is poorly defined. Due to this, in practice there are many cases when the courts do not approve the amicable agreement and continue to consider the civil case, because the parties thus determine the content of the amicable agreement that it does not comply with applicable law or violates the rights and interests of others. It is argued that in the content of the amicable agreement, the parties may define not only substantive rights and obligations, but also procedural (in particular, the right to reimbursement of court costs).
Theoretical and legal analysis of normative and legal bases of regulation of administrative and legal services provided by the State Migration Service of Ukraine
Authors: Gaponov O. 
Published: April 2022

This article analyzes the content of legislative and bylaws governing the provision of administrative services by the State Migration Service of Ukraine.
The author singles out a number of controversial issues in the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Services". In particular: 1) determination of the range of subjects of appeal; 2) the lack of the principle of digitalization during the formation of state policy in the field of administrative services; 3) absence of out-of-court appeal of the decision and actions of the officials authorized in accordance with the law to provide administrative services, administrators. Therefore, it is proposed to supplement the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Services" with a rule that one of the rights to determine the right of the subject to extrajudicial appeal against decisions and actions of officials authorized by law to provide administrative services, administrators. When exercising the right to an administrative appeal, the subject of the appeal has the right to a direct administrative appeal and a diagonal administrative appeal; 4) lack of mandatory monitoring of control over the number of services provided by authorized entities and, accordingly, the quality of their provision (successful implementation of the principles of providing administrative services); 5) lack of norms that take into account the peculiarities of providing administrative services in cases of formation of a united territorial community.
It is noted that the lack of outlined shortcomings of the special legal act creates negative conditions for neglect of certain administrative and legal norms for the provision of administrative services and creates conflict situations in which the subject can not fully receive quality and fast necessary administrative service, including including in the field of migration, citizenship.
It is proposed to understand the system of legal norms that regulate public relations arising during the provision of administrative services in the areas of migration, citizenship, registration of citizens of Ukraine, foreigners, stateless persons under the regulatory framework of regulation of administrative and legal services provided by the State Migration Service of Ukraine. , refugees and other statutory categories of migrants.
Starting provisions of the Educational law of Ukraine
Authors: Lazur Ya. , Bilash O. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the initial provisions that created the preconditions for the formation of educational law in Ukraine. Educational law as a sub-branch of special administrative law in Ukraine is in the process of formation, but the basic provisions underlying it are laid down and obvious.
Legislative preconditions for the formation of educational law include the fact that in the field of education in Ukraine adopted and operates six relevant laws "On Education", "On Preschool Education", "On Complete General Secondary Education", "On Extracurricular Education", "On Professional Higher Education" "And" On Higher Education ", which were adopted at different times, other acts issued mainly by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The authors came to the conclusion that this legislation currently has the characteristics of a separate population and is the normative basis of the sub-branch of educational law.
The article states that education is the central resource and key to social change. It forms three central dimensions of human rights engagement: human rights education, human rights education and education as a fundamental human right.
It is analyzed that the right to education in Ukraine is enshrined in the text of the Constitution and laws and has been interpreted by the Constitutional Court in several decisions on the right to education, determining its content and scope, form of implementation, ratio of access to education and the right to paid state language and the language of national minorities in the educational process.
The basic law in the field of education "On Education", which establishes the basic terms and concepts, defines the competence of state and local governments in the field of education, regulates the right to education, the right to free education, principles of educational activities, defines education, forms of education.
The law of international treaties in the scientific works of Hersch Lauterpacht
Authors: Gutnyk V. , Yavorskyy Ya. 
Published: April 2022

The article examines the doctrinal contribution of Professor Hersch Lauterpacht to the development of International Treaty Law. Based on the analysis of Hersch Lauterpacht's scientific work in the field of international treaty law, his contribution to the development of concepts of codification and progressive development of international law, principles of interpretation, and the relationship between the principle of effective interpretation and intentions of the parties to treaty.
It is emphasized that, according to Lauterpacht, the codification of international law is necessary for the international community as a whole, so it should be carried out within the UN and aimed at its general acceptance by states. Therefore, all states should be given equal opportunities to participate in and join the work on codification.
It is pointed up that among the principles of interpretation of international treaties, the main of them, H. Lauterpacht singles out the principle of good faith. The scholar considers this norm as one of the general principles of law recognized by civilized states in the matter of interpretation.
Particular attention is paid to the doctrinal views of H. Lauterpacht on the relationship between the principle of effective interpretation and the intentions of the parties to the agreement. The researcher has noted that the intention of the parties should be a primary factor in the interpretation of agreements. According to H. Lauterpacht, in the interpretation of treaties, any considerations - effectiveness or inefficiency - which tend to turn certain intentions of the parties into a factor of secondary importance, are incompatible with the true purpose of interpretation. In fact, applying the principle of efficiency, the court does not replace the intentions of the parties and does not replace it with a third factor. Professor H. Lauterpacht, exploring the relationship between the principle of efficiency and the common intention of the treaty parties raises one of the most controversial and elusive issues of jurisprudence - the nature and limits of the judicial function. In his view, this function is largely to interpret the rule of law, regardless of the source in which it is set out. In the international sphere, the problem is complicated by the existence of a number of factors, such as the lack of common intention of the parties directly related to the subject matter of the dispute; international treaties or individual provisions are often a political substitute rather than a legal expression of the agreement of the parties.