bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation-Based Optimization Algorithm for the Vendor-Managed Inventory Problem for Blood Platelets
Authors: Carvajal-Hernandez Juan David , Osorio-Muriel Andres Felipe 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Estimate an optimal policy for the blood platelets supply chain distribution problem using a vendor-managed inventory problems approach. Methods and materials: This paper uses an integrated simulation-based optimization model to develop a Vendor-Managed Inventory approach for blood platelets. Simulation is used to estimate the performance of a defined inventory policy. On the other hand, a genetic algorithm finds optimal or near-optimal inventory policies. This approach is evaluated using a case study inspired by a real blood center in Colombia. Results and discussion: Using the proposed approach, key indicators in the blood supply chain such as total cost and outdated units are significantly improved while maintaining the service level. In terms of costs, the VMI model shows a 19.19% advantage over the non-VMI solution. Moreover, the proposed VMI solution can reduce by 42.25% the number of expired platelets. Conclusions: Using a VMI-based distribution system and a simulation-based optimization approach with genetic algorithms offers promising results in the proposed use case. This mixed methodology allows for flexible system configurations without the need for complex changes in the algorithm, and it does so without the need for excessive computational resources.
A highly diverse phytobenthic community along a short coastal reef gradient in northeastern Brazil
Authors: César Ferreira Sol de Maria 
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to inventory the species of marine macroalgae and analyze the distribution and biomass patterns of their communities along a short coastal reef gradient in northeastern Brazil. Samples were collected using the technique of random squares, distributed in the three habitats: reef front region (FR), tide pools (TP), and reef plateau (RP). These three make up the reef gradient from the sea to the beach. A total of 56 taxa were identified, with Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta standing out as the phyla with the greater taxonomic richness, and the largest biomass represented by the species Sargassum vulgare (30 % of total biomass) and (16 %). The key emergening patterns along the reef gradient were the occurrence of groups of exclusive taxa in each habitat, and significant variation in biomass, greater in the TP (166.1 g m-2) and lower in the RP (70.5 g m-2). Despite being an environment under marked anthropogenic influence (i.e., tourism and development), we observed a high diversity of species, with a distribution pattern that reflects a high environmental heterogeneity and substantial ecological integrity.
Sensitivity of Internal Tibial Forces and Moments to Static Optimization Moment Constraints at the Subtalar and Ankle Joints
Authors: Baggaley Michael , Derrick Timothy R. , Brent Edwards W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We examined the sensitivity of internal tibial forces and moments during running to different subtalar/ankle moment constraints in a static optimization routine. Seventeen participants ran at 2.20, 3.33, and 4.17 ms−1 while force and motion data were collected. Ankle joint contact force was estimated using inverse-dynamics-based static optimization. Three sets of joint moment constraints were tested. All sets included the flexion–extension and abduction–adduction moments at the hip and the flexion–extension moment at the knee but differed in the constraints used at the subtalar/ankle: (1) flexion–extension at the ankle (Sag), (2) flexion–extension and inversion–eversion at ankle (Sag + Front), and (3) flexion–extension at the ankle and supination–pronation at the subtalar (Sag + SubT). Internal tibial forces and moments were quantified at the distal one-third of the tibia, by ensuring static equilibrium with applied forces and moments. No interaction was observed between running speed and constraint for internal tibial forces or moments. Sag + SubT resulted in larger internal mediolateral force (+41%), frontal (+79%), and transverse (+29%) plane moments, compared to Sag and Sag + Front. Internal axial force was greatest in Sag + Front, compared to Sag and Sag + SubT (+37%). Faster running speeds resulted in greater internal tibial forces and moments in all directions (≥+6%). Internal tibial forces and moments at the distal one-third of the tibia were sensitive to the subtalar and ankle joint moment constraints used in the static optimization routine, independent of running speed.
Air Entrainment and Outlet Temperature Characteristics of a Modified Infrared Suppression Device With Inward and Outward Guides
Authors: Mishra Sachin K. , Barik Ashok K. , Swain Prafulla K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA passive infrared suppression (IRS) device is an important and integral part of the modern naval/cargo ships, fighter jets, and helicopters to cool down the hot exhaust gas to suppress the infrared (IR) signatures. A modified IRS device has been proposed by putting inward/outward guides. The air entrainment and temperature ratios of the new type IRS device have been investigated by solving transport equations (continuity, momentum, energy, and turbulence) using the finite volume solver in ansys fluent. The Reynolds number (Ren), guide lengths (Lg/Dn), the inclination angle of guides (θg), overlap-height (Hov/Dn), and outlet temperature ratio (Tout/T∞) have been varied in the range of 1.5 × 10–1.5 × 106, 0–0.326, 0–75 deg, −0.326–0.018, and 1.243–2.576, respectively. It has been observed that the dimensional air entrainment increases with the Reynolds number and inlet temperature. The guide length alters the flow inside the IRS device and affects the entrainment ratio. We observed that, at the optimal value of guide length (Lg/Dn = 0.163) and inclination angle (θg = 15 deg), the IRS device entrains the maximum air, and attains a minimum temperature at the outlet. The mass suction and the outlet temperature of two different types of IRS devices have also been compared to choose the best one for the practical engineering application. An empirical correlation equation for air entrainment has been developed using nonlinear regression analysis.
Exergetic Performance Analysis of Energy Storage Unit Fitted With Wire Coil Inserts
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kumar Manoj , Patil Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a sensible storage system, energy is stored based on the distribution of energy and exergy at the specified conditions. It is believed that the least temperature gradient leads to a higher exergy availability and lower entropy generation in a storage system. An energy storage unit with multiple passages fitted with wire coil inserts is evaluated in the present work by assessing the exergy stored and the entropy generation number for heat transfer fluid (HTF) inlet temperature range of 45–75 °C and HTF flowrate of 0.022–0.029 kg/s. The wire coil inserts have a (p/d) ratio in the range of 0.25–0.75. The maximum exergy storage rate in the energy storage unit is found to be 55.43 W corresponding to an energy storage unit having wire coil insert (p/d = 0.25) at the HTF inlet temperature of 75 °C and HTF flowrate of 0.029 kg/s. Entropy generation number of the system with wire coil inserts (p/d = 0.5), compared to smooth HTF passage, is found to be 42.32% at HTF flowrate and inlet temperature of 0.026 kg/s and 45 °C, respectively.
Modal Analysis of Non-Conservative Combined Dynamic Systems
Authors: Bellos John , Inman Daniel J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The emergence of the use of mechanical metamaterials for vibration suppression and the creation of frequency gaps in structures require an understanding of the fundament underlying dynamics partial differential equations coupled to ordinary differential equations. Essentially periodic structures consist of a distributed parameter structure connected (embedded) to a series of spring-mass-dampers. Such systems in the past have been studied as combined dynamical systems. This work deals with the modal analysis of non-conservative combined dynamic systems formed by assembling distributed parameter structures and linear, viscously damped, lumped parameter oscillators. The mathematical model of the forced response of such dynamic systems is presented via differential operators. The related non-linear eigenproblem is formulated next and a proper solution is provided. Furthermore, the orthogonality of the eigenfunctions is studied and the completeness of the generated solution space is verified. Coupled modal coordinate differential equations result through modal analysis, thus revealing the non-proportional damping configuration, while the proportional damping conditions are also derived and discussed. The theory is applied to non-conservative Euler–Bernoulli beams subject to different types of boundary conditions and coupled to linear, viscously damped oscillators. A numerical example yields interesting conclusions about the non-proportionality and the applicability of the associated methods to solving the coupled differential equations.
Lower-Extremity Neuromuscular Function Following Concussion: A Preliminary Examination
Authors: Lempke Landon B. , Call Jarrod A. , Hoch Matthew C. , Schmidt Julianne D. , Lynall Robert C. 
Published: July 2022

Context: Neuromuscular function is altered acutely following concussion and theoretically linked to the subsequent postconcussion musculoskeletal injury risk. Existing research has only examined voluntary muscle activation, limiting mechanistic understanding. Therefore, our study aimed to examine voluntary and involuntary muscle activation between college-aged, concussed individuals when symptom-free and healthy matched controls. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional cohort laboratory study. Methods: Concussed and healthy participants (n = 24; 58% male, age: 19.3 [1.1] y, mass: 70.3 [16.4] kg, height: 177.3 [12.7] cm) completed the superimposed burst (SB) neuromuscular assessment on their dominant limb within 72 hours after self-reporting asymptomatic (22.4 [20.2] d postinjury). Unnormalized and bodyweight-normalized quadriceps maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (in newton meters), unnormalized and bodyweight-normalized electrically stimulated SB torque, pain (numeric 1–10) during SB, and the central activation ratio (in percentage) were assessed via the SB. Parametric and nonparametric analyses, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and Hedges g (parametric) and Spearman ρ (nonparametric) effect sizes were used to examine group differences (α = .05). Results: The maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (concussed: 635.60 N·m [300.93] vs control: 556.27 N·m [182.46]; 95% CI, −131.36 to 290.02; P = .443; d = 0.33), SB torque (concussed: 203.22 N·m [97.17], control: 262.85 N·m [159.07]; 95% CI, −171.22 to 51.97; P = .280; d = −0.47), and central activation ratio (concussed: 72.16% [17.16], control: 70.09% [12.63]; 95% CI, −10.68 to 14.83; P = .740; d = 0.14) did not differ between the concussed and control groups regardless of bodyweight normalization (P ≥ .344). Pain during the SB was significantly higher with a medium effect for participants with a concussion versus healthy controls (concussed: median = 7, control: median = 5; P = .046; ρ = −0.42). Discussion: These findings suggest concussed participants do not have statistically altered voluntary or involuntary quadricep neuromuscular function once asymptomatic compared with controls. Therefore, the elevated postconcussion musculoskeletal injury risk may not be attributed to lower-extremity muscle activation. Concussed participants displayed greater pain perception during the SB, which suggests somatosensory or perception changes requiring further examination.
Utility of 5-ALA for resection of CNS tumours other than high-grade gliomas: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Solomou Georgios , Gharooni Aref-Ali , Patel Waqqas , Gillespie Conor S , Gough Melissa , Venkatesh Ashwin , Poon Michael T C , Wykes Victoria , Price Stephen John , Jenkinson Michael D , Watts Colin , Plaha Puneet 
Published: July 2022

Introduction5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a proagent developed for fluorescent-guided surgery for high-grade glioma patients associated with a significant increase in resection conferring survival. 5-ALA was shown to penetrate the blood–brain barrier accumulating in malignant glioma cells with high selectivity, sensitivity and positive predictive value. However, those have yet to be explored aiding diagnosis for tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) other than high-grade gliomas (HGG). No up-to-date systematic review exists reporting the major surgical outcomes and diagnostic accuracy. We sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature summarising surgical outcomes, evaluate the quality of diagnostic accuracy reported in the literature and qualitatively assess the evidence to inform future studies.Methods and analysisWe will search electronic databases (Medline, Embase) with subsequent interrogation of references lists of articles reporting the use of 5-ALA for brain tumours other than high-grade glioma adult patients, which also report the extent of resection and/or survival. Prospective and retrospective cohort and case–control studies with more than five patients will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the abstracts and full articles, with a third reviewer resolving any conflicts. The data will be extracted in a standardised template and outcomes will be reported using descriptive statists. The quality of non-randomised studies will be appraised.Ethics and disseminationThe study will summarise the available evidence on the effect of the clinical utility of 5-ALA in achieving resection and improving survival and its diagnostic accuracy for tumours of the CNS other than HGG. The data will be presented nationally and internationally and the manuscript will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. No ethical approvals were needed. The aim is to inform prospective studies minimising reporting bias allowing for more reliable, reproducible and generalisable results. The study has been registered in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021260542.
Thresholds for clinical practice that directly link handgrip strength to remaining years of life: estimates based on longitudinal observational data
Authors: Scherbov Sergei , Spitzer Sonja , Steiber Nadia 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveMuscle strength is a powerful predictor of mortality that can quickly and inexpensively be assessed by measuring handgrip strength (HGS). What is missing for clinical practice, however, are empirically meaningful cut-off points that apply to the general population and that consider the correlation of HGS with gender and body height as well as the decline in HGS during processes of normal ageing. This study provides standardised thresholds that directly link HGS to remaining life expectancy (RLE), thus enabling practitioners to detect patients with an increased mortality risk early on.DesignRelying on representative observational data from the Health and Retirement Study, the HGS of survey participants was z-standardised by gender, age and body height. We defined six HGS groups based on cut-off points in SD; we use these as predictors in survival analyses with a 9-year follow-up and provide RLE by gender based on a Gompertz model for each HGS group.Participants8156 US American women and men aged 50–80 years.Main outcome measuresZ-standardised HGS and all-cause mortality.ResultsEven slight negative deviations in HGS from the reference group with [0.0 SD, 0.5 SD) have substantial effects on survival. RLE among individuals aged 60 years with standardised HGS of [−0.5 SD, 0.0 SD) is 3.0/1.4 years lower for men/women than for the reference group, increasing to a difference of 4.1/2.6 years in the group with HGS of [−1.0 SD, −0.5 SD). By contrast, we find no benefit of strong HGS related to survival.ConclusionsHGS varies substantially with gender, age and body height. This confirms the importance of considering these heterogeneities when defining reference groups and risk thresholds. Moreover, survival appears to decrease at much higher levels of muscle strength than is assumed in previous literature, suggesting that medical practitioners should start to become concerned when HGS is slightly below that of the reference group.
Prospective cohort study of the evaluation of patient benefit from the redevelopment of a complete national forensic mental health service: the Dundrum Forensic Redevelopment Evaluation Study (D-FOREST) protocol
Authors: Davoren Mary , O’Reilly Ken , Mohan Damian , Kennedy Harry G 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionSecure forensic mental health services are low volume, high cost services. They offer care and treatment to mentally disordered offenders who pose a high risk of serious violence to others. It is therefore incumbent on these services to systematically evaluate the outcomes of the care and treatment they deliver to ensure patient benefit in multiple domains. These should include physical and mental health outcomes, as well as offending related outcomes. The aim of Dundrum Forensic Redevelopment Evaluation Study (D-FOREST) is to complete a structured evaluation study of a complete national forensic mental health service, at the time of redevelopment of the National Forensic Mental Health Service for the Ireland.Methods and analysisD-FOREST is a multisite, prospective observational cohort study. The study uses a combination of baseline and repeated measures, to evaluate patient benefit from admissions to forensic settings. Patients will be rated for physical health, mental health, offending behaviours and other recovery measures relevant to the forensic hospital setting at admission to the hospital and 6 monthly thereafter.Lagged causal model analysis will be used to assess the existence and significance of potential directed relationships between the baseline measures of symptomatology of schizophrenia and violence risk and final outcome namely length of stay. Time intervals including length of stay will be measured by median and 95% CI using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses and survival analyses. Patient related measures will be rated as changes from baseline using general estimating equations for repeated measures, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance or logistic regression.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the Research Ethics and Effectiveness Committee of the National Forensic Mental Health Service, Ireland. Results will be made available to the funder and to forensic psychiatry researchers via international conferences and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT05074732.
Prehospital care for ovarian cancer in Catalonia: could we do better in primary care? Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vela-Vallespín Carmen , Manchon‐Walsh Paula , Aliste Luisa , Borras Josep M , Marzo-Castillejo Mercè 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of prehospital factors (diagnostic pathways, first presentation to healthcare services, intervals, participation in primary care) on 1-year and 5-year survival in people with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).DesignRetrospective quasi-population-based cohort study.SettingCatalan Integrated Public Healthcare System.ParticipantsPeople with EOC who underwent surgery with a curative intent in public Catalan hospitals between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2014.Outcome measuresData from primary and secondary care clinical histories and care processes in the 18 months leading up to confirmation (signs and symptoms at presentation, diagnosis pathways, referrals, diagnosis interval) of the EOC diagnosis (stage, histology type, treatment). Diagnostic process intervals were based on the Aarhus statement. 1-year and 5-year survival analysis was undertaken.ResultsOf the 513 patients included in the cohort, 67.2% initially consulted their family physician, while 36.4% were diagnosed through emergency services. In the Cox models, survival was influenced by advanced stage at 1 year (HR 3.84, 95% CI 1.23 to 12.02) and 5 years (HR 5.36, 95% CI 3.07 to 9.36), as was the type of treatment received, although this association was attenuated over follow-up. Age became significant at 5 years of follow-up. After adjusting for age, adjusted morbidity groups, stage at diagnosis and treatment, 5-year survival was better in patients presenting with gynaecological bleeding (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.79). Survival was not associated with a starting point involving primary care (HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.09), diagnostic pathways involving referral to elective gynaecological care from non-general practitioners (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.26), or self-presentation to emergency services (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.31).ConclusionsSurvival in EOC is not associated with diagnostic pathways or prehospital healthcare, but it is influenced by stage at diagnosis, administration of primary cytoreduction plus chemotherapy and patient age.
Goal attainment scaling as an outcome measure for randomised controlled trials: a scoping review
Authors: Logan Benignus , Jegatheesan Dev , Viecelli Andrea , Pascoe Elaine , Hubbard Ruth 
Published: July 2022

Objectives(1) Identify the healthcare settings in which goal attainment scaling (GAS) has been used as an outcome measure in randomised controlled trials. (2) Describe how GAS has been implemented by researchers in those trials.DesignScoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews approach.Data sourcesPubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched through 28 February 2022.Eligibility criteriaEnglish-language publications reporting on research where adults in healthcare settings were recruited to a randomised controlled trial where GAS was an outcome measure.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers completed data extraction. Data collected underwent descriptive statistics.ResultsOf 1,838 articles screened, 38 studies were included. These studies were most frequently conducted in rehabilitation (58%) and geriatric medicine (24%) disciplines/populations. Sample sizes ranged from 8 to 468, with a median of 51 participants (IQR: 30–96). A number of studies did not report on implementation aspects such as the personnel involved (26%), the training provided (79%) and the calibration and review mechanisms (87%). Not all trials used the same scale, with 24% varying from the traditional five-point scale. Outcome attainment was scored in various manners (self-report: 21%; observed: 26%; both self-report and observed: 8%; and not reported: 45%), and the calculation of GAS scores differed between trials (raw score: 21%; T score: 47%; other: 21%; and not reported: 66%).ConclusionsGAS has been used as an outcome measure across a wide range of disciplines and trial settings. However, there are inadequacies and inconsistencies in how it has been applied and implemented. Developing a cross-disciplinary practical guide to support a degree of standardisation in its implementation may be beneficial in increasing the reliability and comparability of trial results.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021237541.