bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Danger of Laser Pointer–Induced Retinal Damage in Children: A Large United Kingdom Case Series and Survey of Public Awareness
Authors: Chen Yunzi , Cunningham Alan , Kotagiri Ajay 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To explore the clinical features of laser pointer–related retinal injuries among children and gain insight into the general public awareness around laser pointer use.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series of 9 children (12 eyes) with laser pointer–related retinal injury from a United Kingdom tertiary ophthalmology unit and a prospective survey of laser pointer use and awareness among children and parents presenting to the hospital eye service for other eye conditions.

Results:
Within the case series, 67% of patients were asymptomatic on presentation. A mean follow-up of 25.6 months showed that structural changes persisted in all cases, and in one case, there was progression in the macular lesion size. One case presented with secondary choroidal neovascular membrane, requiring intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. A survey showed that 9% of children admitted to having played with laser pointers and 13% of parents were aware of their children playing with laser pointers. Only one-third of children and parents were aware of laws regulating laser pointers. Most parents (96%) agreed that there needs to be increased awareness regarding laser pointers' effect on vision.

Conclusions:
This study has highlighted that although children may be asymptomatic at presentation, there is usually permanent structural damage to the macula, and complications such as secondary choroidal neovascular membrane can develop years later. The survey found a relatively high incidence of laser pointer use with little awareness of the regulation laws. There is an urgent need to establish more robust measures to improve public awareness and regulations around laser pointers.

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J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(1):52–59.]
The Impact of Early Photoscreening on Medium-term Visual Acuity: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Oliveira Inês , Ferreira André , Vieira Rita , Malheiro Luísa , Caiado Filipa , Maia Sofia , Miranda Vasco , Parreira Ricardo , Menéres Pedro 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the outcomes of an early ophthalmological intervention in children included in the pilot project of the “Rastreio de Saúde Visual Infantil” (RSVI) visual screening program in Portugal.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of all children included in the RSVI from April 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, and who were referred to an ophthalmology appointment. Data of refractive errors, anisometropia, amblyopia, instituted treatments, and visual acuity at the end of the ophthalmological intervention were collected.

Results:
Two hundred sixty-seven (18.2%) 2-year-old children from the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto reference area had a positive screening result and were subsequently referred to an ophthalmology appointment. Glasses were prescribed to 31.1% of the patients who attended. Presumed amblyopia was diagnosed in 2.5% and occlusion was prescribed. At the end of a median follow-up of 3 years, of those who wore glasses without occlusion, 94.3% had a visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes with an asymmetry of two lines or less between eyes. Of the 4 children who wore glasses with occlusion, 3 of them had a visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes with an asymmetry of two lines or less between eyes.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an early intervention in the prevention and treatment of amblyopia, because after a median follow-up of 3 years after treatment none of the referred children met criteria for amblyopia and 94.3% of the referred children who had an intervention had a normal visual acuity.

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J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(3):178–183.]
Exposer le social : musées et connaissances « utiles » au début du xxe siècle
Authors: Debluë Claire-Lise 
Published: May 2022

Depuis quand expose-t-on le « social » et à quelles conditions ? Près d’un siècle avant que la notion de « musée de société » ne s’impose, ces quelques questions étaient déjà au cœur des préoccupations de certains réformateurs sociaux. Soucieux de faire du musée un lieu où donner forme à leur vision du monde social, ces réformateurs, cherchant à incarner ces principes à travers une multitude de dispositifs visuels et matériels, peuvent sans doute être considérés comme les précurseurs des musées de société. Rompant avec la tradition des collections patrimoniales tournées vers le passé, les musées sociaux furent en effet conçus comme des véritables « laboratoires » où expérimenter de nouvelles manières de façonner le monde social et d’en négocier les représentations. Cet article s’intéresse aux discours et aux pratiques qui entourèrent la création des premiers musées sociaux, et s’interroge sur cette période clé du début du xxe siècle pour la formation de nouvelles subjectivités. À travers l’étude de cas du Musée social suisse (Zurich, 1917), il analyse la manière dont les nouveaux savoirs sociaux furent véhiculés et retrace les usages – nécessairement subjectifs – qui en façonnèrent le sens. Enfin, cet article propose d’éclairer d’un jour nouveau la genèse des musées de société.
Du musée intégral au musée social : l’épistémologie politique de la muséologie sociale au Brésil
Authors: Brulon Soares Bruno 
Published: May 2022

La réflexion sur l’épistémologie politique de la muséologie sociale au Brésil s’appuie ici sur une observation des énoncés et des usages contemporains du musée. Notre objectif est de démontrer comment, à partir d’influences diverses et grâce à certaines politiques publiques nationales, les « musées sociaux » partagent certaines caractéristiques communes et issues des mêmes principes « idéologiques » à la base de la notion de « musée de société » dans le contexte français. En outre, nous chercherons à démontrer comment ces musées ont subverti la normativité disciplinaire de ce même concept dans les expériences locales en Amérique latine. Enfin, à travers l’exemple du Museu das remoções, un musée social urbain créé en 2016, nous montrerons la manière dont la « muséologie sociale » reflète cette tendance à l’expression contestataire, aussi bien inspirée par des modèles importés que subvertie par les groupes sociaux qui se reconnaissent comme acteurs de la contre-muséalisation politisée du patrimoine.
Société, musées et réappropriation sociale comme « utopie » : modèles de musées de société en Espagne
Authors: Navajas Corral Óscar 
Published: May 2022

Les musées et la muséologie sont confrontés au xxie siècle à des défis qui vont au-delà de la conservation et de la recherche des biens patrimoniaux. Notre société liquide, immergée dans le système de consommation, affecte les processus culturels et, bien sûr, les musées. La fonction de ces institutions est aujourd’hui de servir d’intermédiaires entre le tourisme de masse, un système néolibéral qui tend à les transformer en parcs à thème et un passé élitiste et uchronique. En même temps, elles doivent devenir des entités capables de faire face aux problèmes et aux besoins sociaux (droits de l’Homme, justice sociale, etc.). Une utopie qui reflète plus les souhaits et la bonne volonté que les événements réels. Cet article présente des expériences de muséologie sociale en Espagne, qui correspondraient aux soi-disant « musées de société », et qui offrent des outils pour faire de cette utopie une réalité, en générant des processus de gouvernance, de participation communautaire, de réappropriation sociale des musées et de compréhension du patrimoine en tant que ressource « commune ».
Tannins from cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) bark as a flocculant for water clarification
Authors: Anjos Bruna Ferreira dos , Azevêdo Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de , Silva Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da , Braga Renata Martins , Pimenta Alexandre Santos , Andrade Francisca Adriana Ferreira De 
Published: May 2022

Concern about the overexploitation of natural resources has increased in recent decades, especially involving water and its treatment. Paradoxically, one of the sources of water pollution is the treatment itself, due to the use of chemical flocculants, which end up generating sludge that may be highly aggressive to the environment. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use natural flocculants for this purpose, since they are biodegradable and do not harm nature. This study evaluated the efficiency of a natural flocculant produced from tannins extracted from the bark of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) and compared it with two commercial coagulants, Tanfloc® and iron chloride. The water for treatment was collected from a weir. The cashew trees’ bark was collected, ground, and submitted to hot-water extraction to yield the tannins, and the extraction product was cationized. The flocculation tests were carried out using the jar test with solutions having concentrations of 33.3, 66.7, and 100 mg L-1. Turbidity and pH were analyzed before and after flocculation. Among the assessed flocculants, the cationized tannins produced the best responses both for removal of turbidity and final pH of the treated water. Tanfloc® also produced satisfactory results regarding turbidity removal. The iron chloride, besides not properly clarifying the water, left it very acidic. Since the cationized tannins practically did not change the pH and were effective in the removal of turbidity, they represent an interesting, sustainable alternative product to treat the water.
Keywords: cationized tannins, natural flocculating agente, removal of turbidity, water treatment.
Sex disparities in patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting at an emergency department in Switzerland
Authors: Arslani Ketina , Eken Ceylan , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Gebhard Caroline E. , Zellweger Nuria , Bassetti Stefano , Bingisser Roland , Lampart Maurin , Osswald Stefan , Kuster Gabriela M. , Twerenbold Raphael 
Published: May 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY: In the global COVID-19 pandemic, female sex is associated with comparable infection rates but better outcome. However, most studies lacked appropriate controls. We investigated whether these sex disparity findings are specific to patients with COVID-19 or generalizable to patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with similar symptoms but no COVID-19.
METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 were recruited at the ER of the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland from March to June 2020. Patients were categorized as SARS-CoV-2 positive (cases) or negative (controls) based on nasopharyngeal PCR swab tests. The final clinical diagnosis was determined for all patients. The primary outcome was a composite of intensive care admission, rehospitalization for respiratory distress and all-cause death within 30 days. We used Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models to explore associations between sex and outcomes.
RESULTS: Among 1,081 consecutive ER patients, 191 (18%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with an even sex distribution (17.9% female vs. 17.5% male, p = 0.855). In COVID-19 patients, female sex was associated with lower risk of hospitalization (51% vs. 66%, p = 0.034), lower necessity of haemodynamic support (8% vs. 20%, p = 0.029), lower rates of intubation (10% vs. 21%, p = 0.037) and the primary outcome (18% vs. 31%, p = 0.045; age-adjusted HR 0.536, 95%CI 0.290–0.989, p = 0.046) compared with male sex. Sex disparities were most prominent in patients ≥55 years (HR for composite primary outcome in women 0.415, 95%CI 0.201–0.855, p = 0.017). In contrast to the COVID-19 patients, no sex-specific differences in outcomes were observed in the unselected overall control group (age-adjusted HR 0.844, 95%CI 0.560–1.273, p = 0.419) or in a subgroup of controls with upper respiratory tract infections or pneumonia (age-adjusted HR 0.840, 95%CI 0.418–1.688, p = 0.624).
CONCLUSION: In this unselected, consecutive cohort study at a tertiary hospital in Switzerland, female sex is associated with better outcome in patients presenting to the ER with COVID-19. These sex disparities seem to be at least partly specific to COVID-19, as they were not observed in comparable controls.
SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission in schools: the effectiveness of different interventions
Authors: Villers Jennifer , Henriques Andre , Calarco Serafina , Rognlien Markus , Mounet Nicolas , Devine James , Azzopardi Gabriella , Elson Philip , Andreini Marco , Tarocco Nicola , Vassella Claudia , Keiser Olivia 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Indoor aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been widely recognised, especially in schools where children remain in closed indoor spaces and largely unvaccinated. Measures such as strategic natural ventilation and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration remain poorly implemented and mask mandates are often progressively lifted as vaccination rollout is enhanced.

METHODS: We adapted a previously developed aerosol transmission model to study the effect of interventions (natural ventilation, face masks, HEPA filtration and their combinations) on the concentration of virus particles in a classroom of 160 m3 containing one infectious individual. The cumulative dose of viruses absorbed by exposed occupants was calculated.

RESULTS: In the absence of interventions, the cumulative dose absorbed was 1.5 times higher in winter than in spring/summer, increasing chances of indoor airborne transmission in winter. However, natural ventilation was more effective in winter, leading to up to a 20-fold decrease in cumulative dose when six windows were fully open at all times. In winter, partly opening two windows all day or fully opening six windows at the end of each class was effective as well (2.7- to 3-fold decrease). In summer, good ventilation levels could be achieved through the opening of windows all day long (2- to 7-fold decrease depending on the number of windows open). Opening windows only during yard and lunch breaks had minimal effect (≤1.5-fold decrease). One HEPA filter was as effective as two windows partly open all day in winter (3-fold decrease) whereas two filters were more effective (5-fold decrease). Surgical face masks were very effective independently of the season (8-fold decrease). Combined interventions (i.e., natural ventilation, masks, and HEPA filtration) were the most effective (≥25-fold decrease) and remained highly effective in the presence of a super-spreader.
INTERPRETATION: Natural ventilation, face masks, and HEPA filtration are effective interventions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission. These measures should be combined and complemented by additional interventions (e.g., physical distancing, hygiene, testing, contact tracing and vaccination) to maximise benefit.
Plant tissue culture of cat whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq): A review of secondary metabolite production and micropropagation
Authors: Faramayuda Fahrauk , Mariani Totik Sri , Elfahmi  , Sukrasno  
Published: May 2022

Background: The cat whiskers plant (Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq) is widely used as a raw material in traditional medicine for one of its many properties, i.e. antiviral activity. Three varieties of cat whiskers grow in Indonesia, classified according to the colour of their flower: white, white-purple, and purple. The purple variety of cat whiskers is endangered, so it is necessary to propagate this plant.
Objectives: This research aimed to obtain appropriate protocols for plant propagation and production of active compounds of cat whiskers by in vitro culture.
Methods: Data were collected from various online journal sites such as PubMed, ResearchGate, and Scopus. This review discusses several aspects, including callus induction efforts, modification of cell suspension cultures, and efforts to propagate the cat whiskers plant by in vitro culture.
Results: Callus induction of white cat whiskers with purple and purple hues could take place on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media added with growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 0.4 mg/L. Suspension culture medium (MS+ 2,4-D 1 mg/L + NAA 1 mg/L) can increase cell biomass and rosmarinic acid levels. Media MS + 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) 3 mg/L + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 2 mg/L can induce the growth of shoots of white cat whiskers with purple and purple patterns. Root induction of the two varieties of cat whiskers could take place on MS + Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.75 mg/L medium.
Conclusion: Efforts to produce secondary metabolites and plant propagation of cat whiskers by in vitro culture have been successful. It is necessary to enhance the production and propagation using bioreactors to yield more active compounds and raw materials of the cat whiskers plant.
OSMANLI’DAN CUMHURİYET’E GEÇİŞTE MODERNLEŞMEDE YAŞANAN DEĞİŞİM VE SÜREKLİLİKLER
Authors: YAŞAR Nezihe , ASAL Uğur Yasin 
Published: May 2022

Osmanlı modernleşme süreci, askeri alandaki zayıflıkların fark edilmesiyle devleti kurtarma temelinde bir araç olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Askeri alanda başlayan reformlar, Tanzimat döneminde siyasal ve hukuki alanları kapsaması bakımından modern Türkiye’nin ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir aşamayı ifade eder. Tanzimat döneminden Meşrutiyet dönemlerine geçişle birlikte modernleşme çabaları padişahın ve devlet adamlarının bireysel etkisinden çıkarak; bu reformların Osmanlı aydın sınıfı tarafından talep edilmesi ile Osmanlı devletinde idari, siyasi ve toplumsal dönüşümleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet dönemleri sürecinden, Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar olan süreçte reform hareketleri askeri, idari ve siyasi alanlarda gerçekleşmiştir. Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşu ile çağdaş esaslara dayalı bütünsel anlamda gerçekleşen ilk modernleşme hareketi meydana gelmiştir.
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı modernleşme sürecinden Cumhuriyet dönemi çağdaşlaşma hareketine geçişte politik değişim ve toplumsal sürekliliklerin ifade edilmesidir.
Yöntem: Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda yapılan literatür taraması ile Osmanlı-Türk modernleşme aşamaları karşılaştırmalı analiz çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Osmanlı-Türk modernleşme aşamaları kapsamında incelenen çalışmada, Osmanlı modernleşme sürecinden Cumhuriyet dönemi çağdaşlaşma hareketine geçişin bütünsel bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesi gerektiği görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada Osmanlı modernleşme sürecinin, modern Türkiye’nin kuruluşuna siyasal, idari ve toplumsal alanlardaki etkileri incelenmiş ve Osmanlı reform hareketlerinin bir taraftan Cumhuriyet dönemi çağdaşlaşma hareketini etkilerken bir taraftan da modern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni ortaya çıkaran koşulları hazırlaması bakımından önemli bir politik süreci ifade ettiği saptanmıştır.
Özgünlük: Osmanlı modernleşme süreci, modern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşunu etkilemesi bakımından önemli bir araştırma alanına sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı modernleşme aşamalarının ele alınarak, Cumhuriyet dönemine geçişte ve modern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ortaya çıkışındaki etkilerinin değişim ve süreklilik bağlamında değerlendirilmesi açısından literatüre katkıda bulunacaktır.
REPERCUSSÕES EMOCIONAIS DO TRABALHO EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA VIVENCIADAS POR ENFERMEIROS NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Lyanne Isabelle Fonteneles , Siqueira da Silva Geycilane , Danilo Moura e Silva Allamy 
Published: May 2022

A UTI é um ambiente de trabalho bastante complexo que gera alguns transtornos emocionas em seus trabalhadores. Estresse, Burnout, sofrimento, tensão no trabalho, pressão, astenia, fadiga, sobrecarga mental e depressão são exemplos de algumas dessas alterações emocionais. As elevadas cargas e dupla jornada de trabalho entre enfermeiros pode impactar em diversos aspectos de qualidade de vida. Devido a isso são necessários estudos que indiquem a importância dos sentimentos e emoções despertados nos enfermeiros que atuam em UTI e como lidar com esse tipo de ambiente, sua influência tanto na qualidade dos cuidados quanto em o que podem acarretar em suas vidas profissionais e pessoais. Analisar as evidências cientificas disponíveis na literatura acerca das repercussões emocionais do trabalho em unidade de terapia vivenciada por enfermeiros e discutir os fatores que levam a essas alterações. Revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e SciELO; via BVS. A enfermagem está presente nas diferentes etapas do cuidado, estes cuidados são potencializados perante a diagnósticos difíceis de lidar. Dessa forma são necessárias estratégias para o desenvolvimento da estabilidade e sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros relacionadas a decisão, discussão e reflexão acerca de problemas éticos. Assim então, foi constatado que o esgotamento emocional alto afeta os profissionais tanto fisicamente quanto psicologicamente. São necessários políticas públicas de saúde e programas voltados aos enfermeiros, principalmente da ária de UTI, adotando medidas de prevenção e manutenção da saúde mental e emocional dos mesmos, uma vez que, estes profissionais desta determinada área prestam assistência a diversos pacientes.
Soft skills na advocacia contemporânea e nos meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos
Authors: Freitas Micaella Dallagnolli , Góes Moisés de Almeida 
Published: May 2022

O desenvolvimento tecnológico e a utilização de tecnologias nas organizações fez com que atividades técnicas fossem substituídas por máquinas e robôs. Assim, tornou-se necessário o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências interperssoais com o intuito de auxiliar esses profissionais em atividades cognitivas e relacionais. Dessa forma, pesquisa-se sobre a importância de desenvolver soft skills para atuar na advocacia contemporânea e nos meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos, a fim de compreender como as habilidades comportamentais (soft skills) auxiliam os advogados na resolução de conflitos a partir dos meios consensuais. Partindo do método hipotético-dedutivo, pautado na pesquisa descritiva qualitativa e com a finalidade básica, buscou-se entender o conceito de soft skills, descrever o motivo do advogado ter a necessidade de desenvolver tais habilidades comportamentais e compreender como as soft skills influenciam e colaboram para que o advogado atue nos meios consensuais. Diante disso, verifica-se que os advogados devem alinhar suas habilidades técnicas (hard skills) às habilidades interpessoais (soft skills) para atuar de modo eficaz na advocacia 4.0. Dessa maneira, os advogados poderão atuar nos meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos e desafogar o Poder Judiciário, negociando e se comunicando de modo mais assertivo e eficaz com seus pares e clientes.