bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and IL-6 in two cohorts from high- and middle-income countries
Authors: Silva dos Santos Francine , Costa Mintem Gicele , Oliveira de Oliveira Isabel , Lessa Horta Bernardo , Ramos Elisabete , Lopes Carla , Petrucci Gigante Denise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) on serum IL-6 and to investigate the mediation role of adiposity. Participants were 524 adults from the EPITeen Cohort (Porto, Portugal) and 2888 participants from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Pelotas, Brazil). Dietary intake was collected using FFQ when participants were 21 years of age in the EPITeen and 23 years in the Pelotas Cohort. Serum IL-6 and body fat mass were evaluated when participants were 27 and 30 years old in the EPITeen and Pelotas, respectively. Generalised linear models were fitted to test main associations. Mediation of body fat mass was estimated using G-computation. After adjustment for socio-economic and behaviour variables, among females from the EPITeen, the concentration of IL-6 (pg/ml) increased with increasing intake of UPF from 1·31 (95 % CI 0·95, 1·82) in the first UPF quartile to 2·20 (95 % CI 1·60, 3·01) and 2·64 (95 % CI 1·89, 3·69) for the third and fourth UPF quartiles, respectively. A similar result was found among males in the Pelotas Cohort, IL-6 increased from 1·40 (95 % CI 1·32, 1·49) in the first UPF quartile to 1·50 (95 % CI 1·41, 1·59) and 1·59 (95 % CI 1·49, 1·70) in the two highest UPF quartiles. The P-value for the linear trend was < 0·01 in both findings. The indirect effect through fat mass was NS. Our findings suggest that the consumption of UPF was associated with an increase in IL-6 concentration; however, this association was not explained by adiposity.
Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in ‘coalho’ cheese produced in Brazil
Authors: de Aguiar Felipe R. M. , Rocha Larissa Q. , Barboza Morgana M. O. , Sampaio Tiago L. , Nogueira Nádia A. P. , de Menezes Ramon R. P. P. B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe experiments reported in this research communication analysed the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 112 samples of ‘coalho’ cheese, from 56 dairy producing farms in 28 cities in all mesoregions of the State of Ceará, Brazil. To assess antimicrobial resistance we also examined the presence of genes encoding enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin, as well as the presence of the blaZ gene for β-lactamases, and resistance to oxacillin. The research found 69 isolates of S. aureus, of which 13.04% had the mecA gene encoding the penicillin-binding protein, which confers resistance to methicillin, in cheese samples from 6 different cities. This included the state capital, Fortaleza, which had the largest prevalence (23.19%) of mecA positive isolates. It was also found that 55.07% of the isolates of S. aureus had the blaZ gene, and 7.25% demonstrated resistance to oxacillin in the plate disc diffusion tests. We did not show the presence of isolates carrying toxigenic genes. The findings suggest that strict supervision of production processes in the dairy industry is necessary in all production scale processes, thus preventing contamination and possible problems for consumers.
Psychosocial, neurodevelopmental, and transition of care practices provided to children with CHD across North American cardiac clinics
Authors: Basile Nathan L. , Brown Kirschman Keri J. , Dempster Nicole R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChildren with CHD are at risk for psychosocial and neurodevelopmental difficulties, as well as lapses in care during their transition from paediatric to adult CHD providers. The American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics released guidelines for best practices in the neurodevelopmental and transitional care for children with CHD in 2012 and 2011, respectively. CHD providers from 48 (42.1% response rate) geographically diverse cardiac clinics completed a 31-item electronic survey designed to assess the cardiac teams’ consistency with neurodevelopmental evaluation and management recommendations, consultation/liaison patterns for psychosocial services, and procedures regarding transitional services for emerging adults. Responses suggest most cardiac teams refer patients to psychosocial services as needed, and 39.6% of teams screen for psychosocial distress. CHD providers at 66.7% of cardiac clinics reported a formal neurodevelopmental programme/clinic. Nearly half of cardiac teams conduct routine neurodevelopmental evaluations, most frequently occurring at 9 months of age. Less than 10% of cardiac clinics have resources to meet the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 neurodevelopmental evaluation and management guidelines. Formal paediatric to adult CHD transition programmes were reported at 70.8% of cardiac clinics and were associated with younger ages of transition to adult CHD care. Care practices varied across the 48 represented cardiac clinics, indicating inconsistent practices for patients with CHD. Barriers and facilitators to the provision of care for children in these areas were reported and are presented. More support is needed for cardiac clinics to continue improvements in psychosocial, neurodevelopmental, and transitional care services.
The motor profile of obsessive-compulsive rituals: psychopathological and evolutionary implications
Authors: Tonna Matteo , Ottoni Rebecca , Pellegrini Clara , Mora Lorenzo , Gambolo Luca , Di Donna Anna , Parmigiani Stefano , Marchesi Carlo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating obsessive-compulsive disorder from an ethological approach have highlighted a specific motor pattern of compulsive rituals with respect to corresponding ordinary behaviors. Particularly, compulsive motor profile is built through the repetition of acts, with prevalence of nonfunctional ones and redirection of attention to its basic structural units. These formal features would characterize ritual behavior throughout evolution, from nonhuman animals to human cultures. However, no study to date has investigated a possible relationship between such motor profile and underlying psychopathology. Therefore, the first objective of the study was to confirm previous findings on a larger sample size of obsessive patients; the second objective was to elucidate whether motor profile might be associated with obsessive-compulsive psychopathology and/or prepsychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.MethodsTwenty-one obsessive-compulsive outpatients provided a videotape of their rituals. An equal number of healthy controls, matched for sex and age, were registered for corresponding ordinary acts. Obsessive patients were administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire.ResultsThe results of the present study confirm that ritual compulsions present a specific motor structure characterized by repetition of both functional and nonfunctional acts and their longer duration. Such a motor pattern is independent from obsessive-compulsive psychopathology, whereas it results specifically associated with prepsychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.ConclusionsWe argue that this association may reflect the adaptive significance of ritual behavior across evolution, that is, its homeostatic function in conditions of unpredictability.
Enhancing deep neural networks with morphological information
Authors: Klemen Matej , Krsnik Luka , Robnik-Šikonja Marko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeep learning approaches are superior in natural language processing due to their ability to extract informative features and patterns from languages. The two most successful neural architectures are LSTM and transformers, used in large pretrained language models such as BERT. While cross-lingual approaches are on the rise, most current natural language processing techniques are designed and applied to English, and less-resourced languages are lagging behind. In morphologically rich languages, information is conveyed through morphology, for example, through affixes modifying stems of words. The existing neural approaches do not explicitly use the information on word morphology. We analyse the effect of adding morphological features to LSTM and BERT models. As a testbed, we use three tasks available in many less-resourced languages: named entity recognition (NER), dependency parsing (DP) and comment filtering (CF). We construct baselines involving LSTM and BERT models, which we adjust by adding additional input in the form of part of speech (POS) tags and universal features. We compare the models across several languages from different language families. Our results suggest that adding morphological features has mixed effects depending on the quality of features and the task. The features improve the performance of LSTM-based models on the NER and DP tasks, while they do not benefit the performance on the CF task. For BERT-based models, the added morphological features only improve the performance on DP when they are of high quality (i.e., manually checked) while not showing any practical improvement when they are predicted. Even for high-quality features, the improvements are less pronounced in language-specific BERT variants compared to massively multilingual BERT models. As in NER and CF datasets manually checked features are not available, we only experiment with predicted features and find that they do not cause any practical improvement in performance.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Increase the Efficiency of Memory Functioning for Trauma-Related Information
Authors: Tudorache Andrei-Cristian , El-Hage Wissam , Clarys David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:The present study explored the resources reallocation explanation for memory biases in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), whereby a preferential allocation of cognitive resources to the processing of threatening stimuli could result in both improvements in their memorization and deficits for other types of information.Method:To this end, 25 participants presenting significant symptoms of PTSD (i.e., total PCL-5 score ≥33) and 32 participants presenting low levels of symptoms (i.e., total PCL-5 score <20) took part in a Remember/Know recognition procedure associated with a dual-task encoding of positive, neutral, negative, and trauma-related words. In order to manipulate the availability of cognitive resources, the encoding of each word was associated with a simultaneous encoding of series of letters and numbers.Results:Results replicated the increased production of Remember recognitions for trauma-related words in participants with significant PTSD symptoms. However, the dual-task load only impaired remember recognitions for non-trauma-related words.Conclusions:Contrary to expectations, these findings suggest that the encoding of trauma-related information in PTSD is relatively independent from the availability of cognitive resources. Thus, rather than reflecting an increased allocation of cognitive resources to the processing of threatening information, memory biases in PTSD appeared to be supported by an enhanced efficiency of their processing.
The Travels of Lao Can as a book of prophecy
Authors: Feng Xiangjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article interrogates the early reception history of the late Qing Chinese novel The Travels of Lao Can authored by Liu E (1857–1909). It argues that for decades this novel was widely read as a book of prophecy that revealed the future of China based on traditional Chinese occult wisdom. It was this alleged mystique, instead of its literary merits, that accounted for the high popularity of the text in the late Qing and Republican book market. This argument is predicated upon the discovery and reappraisal of a 1916 “fake edition” of the book until now unremarked in Chinese literary historiography. Investigating this forgery reveals that it was arguably the most widely circulated edition of The Travels of Lao Can in the Republican period. Bound with a newly fabricated sequel that explicitly manifested its “divinatory efficacy”, this edition greatly shaped the popular reception of the text as a book of prophecy. Revisiting this “fake edition” and the forgotten stories behind it not only enables the rereading of The Travels of Lao Can in its full complexity, but also points to deeper questions about the relationship between print culture, literary consumption, and the production of occult knowledge in China's modern transition.
‘You know what, I’m in the trend as well’: understanding the interplay between digital and real-life social influences on the food and activity choices of young adults
Authors: Leu Jodie , Tay Zoey , van Dam Rob M , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Lean Michael EJ , Nikolaou Charoula Konstantia , Rebello Salome A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:To understand young adults’ perceptions of online and real-life social influences on their food and activity choices.Design:A qualitative study involving 7 focus groups. Thematic analysis using both deductive and inductive techniques were performed.Setting:A polytechnic and a university in Singapore.Participants:A total of 46 full-time students, 19–24 years of age.Results:Participants revealed that social media meets multiple needs, contributing to its ubiquitous use and facilitating content spread between social networks. Food-related content shared on social media were mostly commercial posts, marketing foods and eateries showcasing price promotions, emphasising sensory properties of foods or creating narratives that activated trends. Subsequently, real-life social activities frequently revolve around marketed foods that were not necessarily healthy. In contrast, physical activity posts were rarely being followed up in real life. Portrayals describing a toxic gym culture could contribute to negative perceptions of peers’ physical activity posts and a disinclination towards sharing such posts. Participants expressed that close, supportive social networks in real life strongly influenced initiating and maintaining healthy lifestyles. However, in a society that highly values academic achievements, participants prioritised studying and socialising over healthy eating and physical activity.Conclusions:Overall, our findings reveal that virtual and real-life social influences have complex interactions affecting Asian young adults’ behavioural choices and should be considered when designing interventions for this group. Regulations related to the digital marketing of unhealthy food, and improving the availability, accessibility and affordability of healthier food options, particularly in the foodservice sector, would be of value to consider.
How Americans eat red and processed meat: an analysis of the contribution of thirteen different food groups
Authors: Frank Sarah M , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Jaacks Lindsay M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:Dietary patterns characterised by high intake of red and processed meat are associated with detrimental health and environmental outcomes. To better understand how Americans consume red and processed meat, this study examined the food groups that are the greatest contributors to red and processed meat intake in US diets.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of total red and processed meat, unprocessed red meat and processed meat using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2016 and 2017–2018). Items containing red or processed meat were classified into thirteen mutually exclusive food groups. For highly consumed food groups (≥10 % of meat intake), contribution to meat intake was further assessed by source, sex, income and education.Setting:Nationally representative sample of the US population.Participants:Teens (aged 12–19 years) and adults (aged ≥20 years) who reported meat consumption (n 8178).Results:Meat mixed dishes (18·6 % (95 % CI 16·2, 20·9)), burgers (17·3 % (95 % CI 15·3, 19·3)) and beef excluding ground (17·0 % (95 % CI 13·8, 20·1)) were the top contributors to unprocessed red meat intake. For processed meat, four food groups made up about four-fifths of total intake: cold cuts and cured meats (37·7 % (95 % CI 34·6, 40·8)), sausages and frankfurters (20·3 % (95 % CI 18·6, 22·0)), bacon (14·0 % (95 % CI 12·3, 15·6)) and pizza (10·1 % (95 % CI 8·7, 11·5)). Fast-food restaurants were the top source for burgers and pizza, whereas stores were the top source for all other highly consumed food groups. Few differences were seen in patterns of intake by sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusions:No single food group accounts for a majority of meat intake in the USA. Many behaviour change opportunities for healthier, more sustainable substitutions exist.
The Hands Off Ethiopia campaign, racial solidarities and intercolonial antifascism in South Asia (1935–36)
Authors: Buelli Arlena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe transnational campaign against the Italian invasion of the Ethiopian Empire (1936–36) has been widely acknowledged as a turning point for antiracist and anticolonial political organizing in the African continent and diaspora. This article seeks to reconstruct the South Asian participation in the Hands Off Ethiopia protests, to expand historical knowledge of the early-twentieth-century development of Afro-Asian solidarity ties as well as the intersection of anti-Fascist and anticolonial struggles. It examines the institutional responses to the invasion on the part of the Indian Legislative Assembly, and a series of demonstrations, local meetings and boycotts whose implications reverberated in the local and international press as well as in the concerns of British colonial authorities. As will be argued, this mobilization was fueled by feelings of racial solidarity, anti-imperialist analyses, anti-caste critiques, scriptural interpretations and religious universalisms.
Rapid photosynthetic and physiological response of 2,4-D–resistant Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) to 2,4-D as a survival strategy
Authors: Leal Jéssica F. L. , Souza Amanda dos S. , Borella Junior , Araujo André Lucas S. , Langaro Ana Claudia , Alves Monique M. , Ferreira Luana Jéssica S. , Morran Sarah , Zobiole Luiz H. S. , Lucio Felipe R. , Machado Aroldo F. L. , Gaines Todd A. , Pinho Camila F. de 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we evaluated the short time-induced oxidative stress–mediated rapid metabolic and physiological responses of resistant and susceptible Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker; syn.: Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.] to 2,4-D herbicide. Under fixed conditions (25 C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity), we assayed injury symptoms, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and antioxidative systems of biotypes both resistant and susceptible to 2,4-D (1,005 g ae ha−1). Under 15 versus 25 C temperatures and light and dark conditions, oxidative stress–mediated damage was assayed on plants that received 2,4-D herbicide applications. The injury symptoms observed in the 2,4-D–resistant biotype were rapid necrosis in leaves within 30 min, with the reestablishment of normal growth within 1 to 2 wk after 2,4-D treatment. The basal antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were greater in the resistant than in the susceptible biotype, although the activities of all enzymes generally did not differ between untreated and treated in the resistant biotype. The resistant biotype showed great reduction (at 1 and 4 h after application) in the photosynthetic electron transport chain performance index, while these metabolic changes were only detected after 4 h in the susceptible biotype. The resistant biotype recovered from the foliar damage 1 to 2 wk after 2,4-D application, while the susceptible biotype was controlled. The production of H2O2 was responsive to temperature and increased more rapidly in the 2,4-D–resistant biotype than in the susceptible one at both 15 and 25 C; however, there was a greater increase at 25 C in the resistant biotype. H2O2 production was not light dependent in 2,4-D–resistant C. sumatrensis, with increases even under dark conditions. The 2,4-D–resistant biotype showed rapid photosynthetic damage, possibly due to the rapid necrosis and leaf disruption, and increased H2O2 content compared with the susceptible biotype.
Tracing Atmospheric Anthropogenic Black Carbon and Its Potential Radiative Response Over Pan‐Third Pole Region: A Synoptic‐Scale Analysis Using WRF‐Chem
Authors: Rai Mukesh , Kang Shichang , Yang Junhua , Chen Xintong , Hu Yuling , Rupakheti Dipesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Pan‐Third Pole contains the largest number of glaciers outside the polar region that plays a crucial role in atmospheric circulation and the hydrological cycle. However, this pristine region has undergone rapid change through complex interactions including the black carbon (BC) enhanced warming effect and glacier melting. Study shows, Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) simulation is able to capture distinctive seasonal variability of BC. The result from our sensitivity experiments revealed that South Asia (SA; 60.7%) and East Asia (EA; 32.9%) contributed more toward the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our analysis on aerosol‐boundary feedback interaction revealed BC expand planetary boundary layer height by 5.0% and 4.8% over SA and EA, respectively, which facilitates BC dispersion and transportation. Whereas, we also found that under the influence of different wind regimes the significant BC transport flux aloft over the TP and the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Additionally, mountain‐valley channel and synoptic and local meteorological processes also facilitated BC transport to the TP. This study also evaluated the effect of BC on direct radiative forcing and calculated subsequent temperature changes. A strong dimming effect of BC corroborated with the following negative surface temperature changes. However, enhanced BC concentration during winter and spring caused the increase in temperature over the TP. Here, the WRF‐Chem model, synergy on aerosol‐boundary feedback, BC transport flux, and source‐receptor methods confirmed the significant BC contribution and transportation, and notable BC‐induced warming over TP. Such trans‐Himalayan BC transport and associated warming could grim glacier melt and water availability in the region.
Modeling Low‐Frequency Radio Emissions From Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash Sources
Authors: Berge Nini , Celestin Sebastien , Garnung Matthieu B. , Xu Wei , Marshall Robert A. , Cummer Steven A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRelativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) occur when electrons in electric fields in air reach energies above which they gain more energy from the electric field than they lose to collisions with the surrounding atmosphere. RREAs are known to happen in the electric fields in thunderstorms, and are considered to be the mechanism responsible for producing Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs). As RREAs propagate, they leave a trail of low‐energy electrons and positive and negative ions behind. These populations of charged particles will carry currents as they move in the thunderstorm electric field. In the present work, we model the charged species left behind by the propagating RREA, and the resulting radio emissions in the context of injection of thermal runaway seed electrons by a leader. We find that for certain initial conditions, these radio emissions match the slow low‐frequency (LF) pulses that have previously been observed concurrently with TGFs. This confirms that the slow LF pulses are likely generated directly by the TGF source itself, as has been previously suggested using a different TGF production model. Slow LF pulses may therefore potentially be used to infer characteristic properties of TGF sources.