bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the structure and properties of heat-resistant titanium alloys VT3-1 and VT9 obtained by electron-beam melting
Authors: Akhonin Serhii , Pikulin Oleksandr , Berezos Volodymyr , Severyn Andrii , Erokhin Oleksiy , Kryzhanovskyi Vitalii 
Published: November 2022

This paper reports a comprehensive study that investigated the quality of heat-resistant titanium alloys VT3-1 and VT9 obtained by the method of electron beam melting (EBM). It is shown that EBM makes it possible to produce high-quality metal of ingots of heat-resistant titanium alloys VT9 and VT3-1.
Semi-finished articles were made in the form of bars from ingots obtained by the EBM method. It was established that in the macrostructure of the deformed metal there are no cracks, delamination, cavities, metal and non-metallic inclusions. The macrostructure of the metal of the bars corresponds to 4 points for the alloy VT3-1 and 4–5 points for the alloy VT9 on the 10-point scale of microstructures of instruction 1054-76. It was shown that the metal microstructure of forged bars of VT9 alloy consists of primary β grains with a continuous or intermittent α-rim along the grain boundaries 3–4 μs thick. The structure of the metal in the volume of grain – lamellar type with partially globularized plates of the α phase, plates of α-phase of close orientation form α colonies measuring 10–40 μs. The thickness of the α plates is 1–5 μs, between the plates or globules of the α phase there is a layer of β phase with a thickness of 1–2 μs. The microstructure of the deformed metal of titanium alloy VT3-1 consists of primary β grains, the volume of which contains colonies of lamellar α phases measuring 10–100 μs. The thickness of α plates is 1.5–3 μs, the layer of β phase in the intervals between α-plates is mainly 0.3–0.5 μs. The microstructure of semi-finished articles in the form of deformed bars of alloys VT9 and VT3-1 corresponds to type 4–6 according to the 9-type scale of the microstructure of instruction 1054-76. Studies of the mechanical properties of the obtained semi-finished articles have shown that they meet all the requirements of regulatory standards that are put forward by industry to the quality of the metal of heat-resistant titanium alloys
Assessing the value of the hydraulic friction factor in pipelines working with a flow connection along the path
Authors: Kravchuk Andriy , Cherniuk Volodymyr , Kravchuk Oleksandr , Airapetian Tamara 
Published: November 2022

The results of an experimental study of the hydraulic friction factor of perforated pipelines that work with the collection of fluid along the path are reported. Clarification of this issue will make it possible to solve an important engineering task – to devise a reliable procedure for the hydraulic calculation of perforated pipes. The experiments were carried out on an assembled experimental bench. A steel pipeline with a perforated part of 1–3 m was investigated. Perforation holes were taken with a diameter of 3.6 and 9 mm. In the experiments, fluid flow, pressure loss, and average velocity were measured. Based on the data obtained, the values of the coefficient under study were calculated. It has been established that it is significantly larger than its values with uniform movement and is variable in length of the pipeline. Experimental dependences λcol on the value of the ratio of the velocities of the flowing jets of liquid to the average flow velocity in the corresponding section (Uh/V), as well as on the design characteristics of the channel, were obtained. It is shown that the lower value of the degree of pipe perforation corresponds to the higher values of λcol. This result can be explained by the influence of the attached flow rate on the main flow. The confirmation of this conclusion is the resulting shapes of diagrams of the average flow velocity obtained in the experiments, which differ significantly from standard diagrams with uniform motion. Obviously, additional energy is spent on the reformation of the velocities, and this causes additional head losses. Dependences were obtained for calculating the considered coefficient for prefabricated pipelines, including in the presence of transit flow rate. Their use in the calculation of the pipes under consideration will increase the reliability and efficiency of the sewage treatment plant, in which they are important structural elements
Development of diesel-oxygenated blends and exhaust gas recirculation impact on diesel engine’s performance and emission
Authors: J. Talib Lina , M. Salih Adel 
Published: November 2022

Most research studies have focused on reducing NOx emitted from diesel engines by adding oxygenated fuels (such as alcohol and biodiesel) to diesel to prepare a good alternative to conventional diesel fuels. Biofuels produced from vegetable oil and waste cooking oil while alcohol can be produced from sugarcane and corn. In the current study, the biodiesel used in the tests was derived from waste cooking oil. In this study, the influence of adding Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to diesel, biodiesel (D80B20), diesel-pentanol (D85PEN15), diesel octanol (D90OCT10), diesel-propanol (D95PRO5) and diesel-biodiesel-pentanol (D50B40PEN10) blends on performance and emitted pollutants of a diesel engine was investigated. The practical experiments were divided into two parts, the first section comparing the results of using diesel and other fuels at different speeds 2100, 2400, 2700 and 3000 rpm at constant loads without EGR. The second section studied the effect of adding EGR in variable proportions (5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %) to the studied fuel mixtures at constant loads and speed. The results showed that adding biodiesel to diesel (without EGR) increases brake specific fuel consumption, NOx and CO2 emissions by 13.66 %, 41.35 % and 30.49 %, respectively, but, the thermal efficiency of the brakes, exhaust gas temperatures, UHC and CO decreases at rates of 12.58 %, 10.22 %, 18.9 % and 21.31 %, respectively, compared to diesel. When EGR was added at 20 %, the maximum increase for D80B20, D95PRO5, ED100, and D85PENT15 was: 18.38 %, 24.60 %, 45.84 %, and 20 %, respectively, compared to when no EGR was added. The thermal efficiency, exhaust gases temperature and NOx levels decreased when EGR rate was raised
Point coordination mechanism based mobile ad hoc network investigation against jammers
Authors: Nourildean Shayma W. , Jasim Sabbar I. , Abdulhadi May T. , Jaber Mustafa Musa 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a jamming attack (a kind of Denial-of-Service attack) was investigated, which interfered with the normal operation of a Mobile Ad Hoc network, which is more vulnerable to various attacks because of its self-configuration, dynamic characteristics, therefore, jammers would affect the network QoS parameters by reducing the throughput and increasing the delay. This problem is solved in this study by enabling the Point Coordination Function, which is a media access mechanism specified by the IEEE standard in some selected MANET nodes (guard nodes) to improve the deficiency of MANET’s performance. The Riverbed modeler was utilized as a simulation tool. In this study, six jammers with two different transmission power values had been applied. In a number of different simulation scenarios with and without jammers, the estimated results showed that the jammers affected the network performance by increasing the delay to 3.0658 sec and decreasing the throughput to 120200.59 bits/sec. After enabling the PCF mechanism in a number of selected nodes, the results allowed the user to solve the problem by improving the network deficiency so that the throughput had been increased to 137478.32 bits/sec and the delay had been decreased to 0.7556 sec. It can be concluded that PCF is a good improvement for different levels of jammer transmission power such as 0.01 W and 0.001 W, and PCF also improved the network’s delay and throughput when the number of PCF enabled nodes had been increased to 10 nodes and 12 nodes, respectively. The improvement is also increased. This study can be used in practice for any ad hoc network when attacked by jammers
Development of gluten-free pasta products based on multivariate analysis
Authors: Kabylda Anar , Serikbay Guljanat , Myktabaeva Manshuk , Atanov Sabyrzhan , Muslimov Nurzhan , Tultabayev Mukhtar 
Published: November 2022

The object of the study is the development of the formulation of gluten-free pasta using multivariate analysis. Celiac disease is a chronic disease characterized by damage to the small intestine mucosa by gluten, a plant protein found in cereals. Due to the growing incidence of celiac disease, it became necessary to provide patients with gluten-free products for life. One of the basic gluten-free products for people is pasta. Therefore, there is a need to expand the range of gluten-free pasta.
This development of gluten-free pasta provides for the use of combined flour mixtures from cereals.
According to the results of the study, comparison and analysis of 8 gluten-free pasta formulations developed and optimized using multivariate analysis, it was found that the sample G has the best organoleptic indicators. Based on the results of the “recipe-price” optimization of the sample G, the optimal ratios of pasta components in terms of the competitiveness of the final product were determined. It was found that the most balanced in organoleptic characteristics is gluten-free pasta (sample G) consisting of: corn flour – 33.51 %; rice flour – 22.24 %; xanthan gum – 2.94 %, water – 41.15 %, table salt – 0.09 %.
The results of the study can be useful in the development of pasta, taking into account the characteristics of the raw materials used, for consumers focused on food without allergenic proteins
Construction of a mathematical model and numerical study of interaction between moisture-, heat-, and mass transfer processes of salt solutions in an unsaturated soil layer
Authors: Ilkiv Ihor , Zhukovskyy Viktor , Zhukovska Nataliia , Safonyk Andrii 
Published: November 2022

Methods of mathematical modeling and computer simulation were used to investigate the influence of interrelated processes of transfer of saline solutions in the unsaturated soil layer. To this end, a mathematical model has been built for modeling the corresponding processes of the moisture-, heat-, and mass transfer of saline solutions in an unsaturated soil layer. An effective computational algorithm was developed to solve the corresponding nonlinear boundary problem numerically by the method of finite differences; it was implemented in the Asp.net programming environment in the C++ language. Based on the numerical experiments carried out, the distribution of moisture, concentration, and temperature fields in the aeration zone (incomplete saturation) was obtained. To study the influence of mass transfer of salts on moisture transfer, a numerical solution was found to the problem of moisture transfer, the problem of moisture transfer taking into consideration mass transfer and moisture transfer, taking into consideration mass transfer in the presence of osmosis. Analysis of the results showed that the distribution of the concentration of saline solutions over time is slower and more predictable. It was established that the distribution of moisture heads increases with depth and time when saline solutions fall on the surface of the soil massif. With the influence of salt concentration, the distribution of moisture increases with depth and time throughout the entire area of moisture transfer by 1–3 %. The distribution of moisture heads taking into consideration the concentration of salts and osmosis is reduced by 3–5 % compared to the results of the problem without taking into consideration the phenomenon of osmosis. The distribution of the concentration of saline solutions during moisture transfer and osmosis acquires higher values compared to the results without taking osmosis into consideration. The established features can be successfully applied to clean the fertile soil layer and resume agricultural activities
Justification of safe shelf life of whole wheat flour of various sizes, depending on the processing method
Authors: Makhmudov Farrukh , Azimova Sanavar , Kizatova Maigul , Iztayev Auyelbek , Shanina Olga 
Published: November 2022

The objects of this study were wheat grain (Shortandinskaya variety, harvest 2021) and wheat grain grinding products – whole grain (whole-ground) wheat flour of coarse, medium, and fine grinds.
Studies have been carried out to establish the terms of safe storage of whole-grain (whole-ground) wheat flour of various sizes. Samples of whole-grain flour of coarse, medium, and fine grinding were obtained by grinding wheat grain in a finger-type single-rotor eight-row disintegrator.
The resistance to storage of samples of whole-grain wheat flour of various sizes, as well as treated with gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide) with a concentration of 2.0 mg/l, at a pressure of P=2.0 atm for 10 minutes, was investigated.
Based on the indicators of QMAFAnM, the acid number of fat, and the acidity of gas-processed and unprocessed whole-grain wheat flour of various sizes, the terms of its safe storage were established. All safety indicators were examined within three months with a frequency of every 10 days. The relationship between the size of the flour product and its stability during storage has been established. It is recommended to store unprocessed whole grain wheat flour of coarse grinding up to 50 days, medium grinding – up to 40 days, fine grinding – up to 30 days.
The treatment of whole-grain flour before storage with carbon dioxide has made it possible to prolong the period of safe storage of coarse flour to 70 days, medium grinding – up to 50 days, fine grinding – up to 40 days.
The best results in the preservation of whole-grain flour, depending on the size of the grind, were shown by its treatment before storage with nitrogen in comparison with similar treatment with carbon dioxide. Nitrogen treatment has made it possible to recommend the duration of safe storage of coarse flour up to 90 days, medium – up to 60 days, small – up to 50 days
Determining the influence of a filler on the properties of composite materials based on Phenylone C2 for tribojunctions in machines and assemblies
Authors: Dudin Volodymyr , Makarenko Dmytro , Derkach Oleksii , Muranov Yevhen 
Published: November 2022

The introduction of polymer-composite materials makes it possible not only to solve the problem of increasing durability, reducing the mass and cost of machines, but also, by introducing fillers, to adapt them to the required operating conditions. At the same time, there is a problem regarding the high cost of technologies for obtaining composites, which limits their widespread implementation. That is why the object of this research is the processes of influence of the filler on the characteristics and properties of polymer-composite materials.
Complex laboratory studies of physical and mechanical characteristics, tribological and thermophysical properties of the developed polymer-composite materials based on Phenylone C2 were carried out. The dependence of the coefficient of friction and wear of the material based on Phenylone C2, containing thermally expanded graphite, on the pressure and nature of counter-bodies during friction with lubrication and without it was established. It was revealed that the minimum amount of wear of the material, with friction with lubrication, is achieved under the pressure on tribojunction of 5 MPa. It was established that with an increase in the concentration of filler from 5 to 25 wt% the coefficient of thermal conductivity increases by 4–40.8 %, compared with that non-filled with Phenylone C2. It was found that the introduction of thermally expanded graphite into Phenylone C2 in the amount of 5 wt % leads to a decrease in heat capacity by 34 %. The proposed technology of obtaining polymer-composite materials in the electromagnetic field provides sufficient physical and mechanical characteristics, tribological properties and low cost of finished products (parts).
The results reported here make it possible to adapt the physical and mechanical characteristics, thermophysical and tribological properties of polymer-composite materials to certain modes of operation of movable junctions
SGLT-2 inhibitors as potential anticonvulsants: empagliflozin, but not dapagliflozin, renders a pronounced effect and potentiates the sodium valproate activity in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures
Authors: Tsyvunin Vadim , Shtrygol’ Sergiy , Havrylov Ihnat , Shtrygol’ Diana , Reus Artur 
Published: November 2022

On the way to the search for effective adjuvant medicines for epilepsy treatment, antidiabetic medicines such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, which are expressed not only in the kidneys but also in the brain, attract attention. From previous studies, it is known that dapagliflozin improves electroencephalographic parameters in rats on the model of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. However, the anticonvulsant potential of other medicines from this group needs to be clarified.
The aim of the study is to estimate the effect of empagliflozin, dapagliflozin per se and their combinations with sodium valproate on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, as well as on muscle tone and motor coordination in mice.
Material and methods. 42 random-bred male albino mice weighing 24-28 g were used in the experiments. Empagliflozin (20 mg/kg) and dapagliflozin (50 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically for 3 days. The classic anticonvulsant sodium valproate (150 mg/kg) per se, in combination with the medicines mentioned above, was administered in a similar regimen. On the second day, 30 minutes after administering all medicines, their effect on muscle tone and coordination of movements was determined in the rotarod test. On the third day, 30 minutes after the last administration of the medicines, their effect on pentylenetetrazole-induced (80 mg/kg subcutaneously) seizures was studied.
Results. For the first time, a pronounced anticonvulsant effect of empagliflozin was established both when used alone (a significant increase in latency of the convulsions and a decrease in lethality by 43 %) and especially in combination with sodium valproate (a significant increase in latency of the convulsions, a decrease in the number and severity of seizures and a decrease in lethality by 83 %), as well as the absence of a muscle relaxant effect in both cases. Dapagliflozin has neither its anticonvulsant properties nor its effect on the action of sodium valproate. However, this medicine caused muscle relaxation, especially when combined with sodium valproate.
Conclusions. The results suggest that empagliflozin, unlike dapagliflozin, has a high potential as an adjuvant medicine in treating epilepsy, as it enhances the efficacy of the classic anticonvulsant sodium valproate without muscle relaxant side effects
Potential antioxidants of secondary metabolite isolates ethyl acetate fraction Coleus amboinicus Lour. Leaves.
Authors: Gurning Kasta , Haryadi Winarto 
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites that have the potential as antioxidants from the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Coleus amboinicus, L. (C. amboinicus).
Materials and methods. Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. amboinicus using gravity column chromatography with a stationary phase (silica gel, Merck) and a mobile phase with a solvent ratio of n-hexane (Merck) and ethyl acetate (Merck). Examining isolates includes physical (colour, shape, and melting point). Qualitative purity detection by TLC at 254 nm and 366 nm wavelengths. Structural analysis of metabolites with UV-Vis spectrometer (Spectronic 3000, Genesis 10, Japan), FT-IR(KBr) (Shimadzu IR Prestige-21, Japan), NMR spectrometer (JEOL spectrometer, Japan) operating at 500 MHz (1H-NMR) and 125 MHz (13C-NMR), and Shimadzu's GC-MS (QP-2010S Shimadzu, Japan) and determination of potential antioxidant activity using the DPPH method.
Results. The secondary metabolite compounds were isolated in the form of yellow crystals with a melting point of 232-233 °C and Rf values of 0.86 and 0.56, which TLC monitored at a solvent ratio of n-hexane and ethyl acetate 6:4 and 8:2. Spectronic analysis with a UV-Vis Spectrometer showed two electron absorbances, namely a wavelength of 210 nm indicating methanol solvent and 272 nm isolate. The absorbance of functional groups at wave numbers 3379 cm-1 (-OH; hydroxy), 2931 cm-1 (-CH; aliphatic), 1735 cm-1 (-C=O; carbonyl ketone), 1234 cm-1 (-CO-; methoxy) and 1643 cm-1 (-C=C-; alkene). GC-MS analysis obtained two absorbance peaks, (1) the first retention time of 6.658 minutes (3.95 %) and (2) the second retention time of 9.001 minutes (96.05 %). Structural analysis with 1H&13C-NMR showed 28 types of protons and 22 types of carbon. The antioxidant activity potential test showed an activity value (IC50) of 338.54 ppm.
Conclusion. The structure of the isolated secondary metabolite compound is 16-acetoxy-7α-hydroxyroyleanone (syn. 16-acetoxyhorminone) and has the potential as an antioxidant.
Association of cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nabizadeh Fardin , Balabandian Mohammad , Rostami Mohammad Reza , Owji Mahsa , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Bidadian Maryam , Ghadiri Fereshteh , Rezaeimanesh Nasim , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser 
Published: November 2022

Background: Cognitive impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are suggested as a prognostic factor for disease development, and consequently higher disability and more deficits in daily and social activities. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the association between quality of life (QOL) and cognitive function in patients with MS.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). General characteristic variables were carried out, and then all patients underwent assessments such as Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54), Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and North American Adult Reading Test (NAART).
Results: In the present study, a total of 92 patients, including 76 women with a mean disease duration of 6.82 ± 4.80 years were involved. Results of simple Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive relation between California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) total learning with MSQOL mental health (r = 0.267, P = 0.017) and physical health (r = 0.299, P = 0.007). After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a negative correlation between MSQOL mental health with Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) (r = -0.303, P = 0.015) and Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) (r = -0.310, P = 0.013). Besides, MSQOL physical health was negatively associated with Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) in the adjusted model (r = -0.270, P = 0.031).
Conclusion: There is a statistically significant association between specific aspects of cognitive decline and QOL. Therefore, more attention should be paid to cognitive impairment in patients with MS as based on our findings, it is significantly associated with QOL.