bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Covid-19 on Professional Identity Formation: An international qualitative study of medical students’ reflective entries in a Global Creative Competition
Authors: Moula Zoe , Horsburgh Jo , Scott Katie , Durley Tom , Kumar Sonia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic, which affected medical students globally, could be viewed as a disorientating dilemma with the potential to offer opportunities for transformative learning. In 2021 the Medical Education Innovation and Research Centre at Imperial College London launched a Global Creative Competition as a platform for medical students to reflect on their experiences during the pandemic. Methods: 648 creative pieces with written reflections were submitted by medical students from 52 countries. 155 students from 28 countries consented for their entries to be included in this study. The reflections were analysed thematically and independently by three reviewers to explore how the pandemic impacted students’ professional identity formation (PIF).Results: The pandemic increased students’ awareness of the social and global role of doctors in addressing health inequities. Students felt part of a wider healthcare community and showed greater appreciation towards person-centred care. Students also became more aware of their personal needs, priorities, and the importance of self-care.Discussion: In agreement with Mezirow’s theory of transformative learning (2003), the pandemic led students to re-examine pre-existing epistemic and sociocultural assumptions concerning the role of doctors and explore new perspectives of what it means to be a doctor. In accordance with Cheng’s theory of coping flexibility (2021), students developed both emotion-focused coping strategies (e.g., arts engagement) and problem-solving strategies (e.g., volunteering), suggesting they were able to adjust psychologically and develop agency. However, students experienced tension between their sense of duty and sense of wellbeing, highlighting the need for medical educators to facilitate PIF by supporting students with conflicting emotions.Conclusion: Medical educators should encourage students to reflect on their identity formation while encountering disorientating dilemmas. The inclusion of arts and humanities within the medical curriculum is strongly recommended to provide an avenue for students to access and express complex emotions and experiences.
Geniposide alleviates neuropathic pain in CCI rats by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and Ca2+ channels
Authors: Zhang Dan-dan , Chen Qiao-qiao , Li Yao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common disorder plaguing modern people, and there is a lack of active treatment. The EGFR pathway can promote NP nociceptive sensitization and can be a potential therapeutic target. Gardenoside is abundant in natural plants and has various pharmacological activities, such as analgesia and anti-inflammation, which can improve NP, but the specific mechanism has not been elucidated. The present study first predicted and molecularly docked Geniposide targets, suggesting that Geniposide may play a role in improving NP by targeting EGFR, and further clarified that Geniposide alleviates NP and can improve the inflammatory response by establishing a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, while administration of an EGFR agonist weakens the above effects of Geniposide. The analysis of transcriptome data further suggests that Geniposide not only improves CCI symptoms by weakening the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway but also may exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the Ca2+ signaling pathway. The above results affirm the potential value of Geniposide in the treatment of NP and lay the foundation for further clinical application.
Religion, Politics and COVID-19 Risk Perception Among Urban Residents in Malawi
Authors: Mbeya Ruth Agather , Chilanga Emmanuel , Dzimbiri Mastano , Mwanjawala Patrick , Keller Amanda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Majority of Malawians have not yet adopted COVID-19 mitigation measures despite having knowledge about its infectivity, morbidity, and fatality. Understanding drivers of hesitancy to adoption of COVID-19 mitigation measures is critical as it can inform prevention programs. This study explores Malawians’ COVID-19 risk perception, and the associated constraints in the adoption of mitigation efforts. A Health Belief Model (HBM) approach was used to understand perceived factors that undermine public health COVID-19 messages to reduce the spread of the pandemic in Malawi.Methods: The study applied rapid appraisal and photovoice qualitative inquiry to comprehend risk perception regarding COVID-19. We purposively selected 33 participants from three major cities in Malawi. Audio and video interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were coded manually to derive key themes and concepts.Results: The study identified that social factors particularly religious and political beliefs influenced COVID-19 risk perception. Specific religious beliefs pertaining to individuals recognizing signs of the ‘Christian apocalypse’ were particularly associated with lower risk perceptions. Politically, participants believed COVID-19 lockdown measures were a ploy by the then-ruling party to remain in power.Conclusion: The study suggests that religious beliefs and political environment undermine self -perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 among urban dwellers in Malawi. We recommend that diverse actors in Malawi should collaborate to promote the dissemination of accurate COVID-19 discourses and reduce the severity of the pandemic’s impact in Malawi.
A novel approach for emergency decision-making based on q-rung orthopair fuzzy set
Authors: Chen liuxin , Wang Yutai , Yang Dongmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Emergency decision-making (EDM) looks more like a round of game between man and nature, what
decision-makers (DMs) must consider is to protect lives and properties to the utmost extent in the face of
natural disasters. Due to time constraints and information loss, attribute weights and expert evaluations
are usually difficult to obtain efficiently. To solve this problem, a combined BN-OA-ZSG method based on
the q-rung orthopair set (q-ROFS) that has the great inclusive ability to express information is put forward.
Firstly, a novel inference framework of the Bayesian network (BN) is proposed to dynamically determine
the attribute weights with dependencies. Then a non-convex optimal aggregation (OA) model with fuzzy
constraints is put forward, which can aggregate evaluations of different experts. After that, a programming
model based on finite two-person zero-sum game theory (ZSG) is proposed to select optimal alternative.
Finally, an illustrative example of the heavy rainfall EDM problem is purposed, and a series of comparative
analyses are presented to verify the rationality and superiority of the proposed method.
Multi-Purpose Optimal Reservoir Operation Using Many Objectives Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Salmani Sadra , Shourian Mojtaba 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to global water scarcity and also reduced surface water runoff due to increasing water consumption and climate change effect, the optimal operation of reservoirs has become an interested topic for water resources management specialists. In the present study, since more than three objectives are considered for the Azad Dam operation in Iran, the many-objective particle swarm optimization (MaOPSO) algorithm is used for the optimal operation of the reservoir. Four objectives are defined as maximizing water supply, water supply reliability and mean annual energy generation while minimizing the violation of the downstream river flow over a pre-defined safe flow rate. Running MaOPSO and comparing a sample solution with the objective functions values obtained by simulating the present situation over a 7-year operation period indicates 42.8% increase in water supply, 7.9% increase in water supply reliability, 4.39% decrease in hydropower generation and 57.2% decrease in over flowing cases. Sensitivity analysis on the safe discharge, as one of the effecting parameters, shows the direct effect of this criterion on reducing the damages as one of the objectives for the reservoir operation.
Relieving the bile ducts prior to pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Farooqui Waqas , Penninga Luit , Burgdorf Stefan Kobbelgaard , Krohn Paul Suno , Storkholm Jan Henrik , Hansen Carsten Palnæs 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IntroductionObstructive jaundice is a common problem in pancreatic and periampullary tumors, but preoperative biliary drainage in patients with hyperbilirubinemia is still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the risk and complications after preoperative drainage of biliary obstruction in patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodA retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy from January 1st, 2015 to September 30th, 2021. Patients who had preoperative bile duct drainage were compared to patients without intervention. Type of interventions, complications and outcome after surgery were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. ResultsOf 722 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 389 patients had preoperative drainage of the bile ducts by ERC or PTC. There was an incidence of 27% drainage-related complications, all categorized as minor (Clavien-Dindo <3) and mainly related to PTC-aided drainage. After pancreaticoduodenectomy, 23% of patients who had preoperative biliary drain, had minor complications. Patients without biliary drainage had a higher risk of a complicated postoperative course (p= 0.001) and had a higher 30-day (p= 0.002) and 90-day mortality (p= 0.025). ConclusionOur study found preoperative bile duct drainage to be a safe procedure without severe complications. Patients undergoing preoperative bile duct drainage had fewer post-pancreatoduodenectomy complications and lower mortality.
Binding affinity and mechanisms of potential antidepressants targeting human NDMA receptors
Authors: Ye Simin , Han Yanqiang , Wei Zhiyun , Zhang Yongli , Li Jinjin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Depression, a mental disorder that plagues the world, is a burden on many families. There is a great need for new, fast-acting antidepressants to be developed. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NDMA) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor that plays an important role in learning and memory processes and is considered as a potential target to treat depression. However, due to the unclear binding sites and pathways, the mechanism of drug binding lacks basic explanation, which brings great complexity to the development of new drugs. In this study, we investigated the binding affinity and mechanisms of an FDA-approved antidepressant (s-ketamine) and seven potential antidepressants (r-ketamine, memantine, lanicemine, dextromethorphan, Ro 25-6981, ifenprodil, and traxoprodil) targeting the NDMA receptor by ligand-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicated that Ro 25-6981 has the strongest binding affinity to the NDMA receptor among the eight selected drugs, suggesting its potential effective inhibitory effect. We also calculated the critical binding site residues at the active site and found that residues Leu124 and Met63 contributed the most to the binding energy by decomposing the free energy contributions on a per-residue basis. We further compared s-ketamine and its chiral molecule r-ketamine, and found that r-ketamine had a stronger binding capacity to the NDMA receptor. This study provides a computational reference for the treatment of depression targeting NDMA receptors, and the proposed results will promisingly provide potential strategies for further antidepressant development and useful resource for future discovery of fast-acting antidepressant candidates.
Comparing outcomes in recurrent versus de novo metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Miotke Laura , Nevala-Plagemann Christopher , Jian Ying , Florou Vaia , Haaland Benjamin , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: A majority of patients undergoing curative intent surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will unfortunately develop recurrent disease. Optimal management of these patients remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent PDAC who received systemic therapy and compared outcomes to patients with de novo metastatic PDAC. Methods: Patients diagnosed with metastatic PDAC between 2014 and 2019 were included using a real-world database. Patients were characterized as either de novo or recurrent based on the date of metastatic diagnosis and history of surgical resection. Overall survival (OS) was summarized within groups via Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: We included 5170 patients with metastatic PDAC, of which 1101 (21.3%) were classified as having recurrent disease. Median OS for the recurrent group was significantly greater at 10.8 m (95% CI 9.9-11.7) than in the de novo group at 7.3 m (95% CI 7.0-7.7, p< 0.001). We did not observe a significant difference in OS based on when patients recurred after surgery: 10.0 m (95% CI 8.7-11) within six months of surgery versus 11.6 m (95% CI 10-12, p=0.256) greater than six months from surgery. Conclusions: These data support the inclusion of patients with recurrent PDAC in clinical trials for advanced disease, including those who develop recurrent disease within six months of surgery. Due to observed differences in survival, randomization should be stratified by disease presentation (recurrent vs de novo).
Electronic structure and ultraviolet spectrum of p-C6H4-connected cyclo[10]carbon
Authors: CHEN Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Geometry optimization of p-C6H4-connected cyclo[10]carbon (p-C6H4-C10) was carried out at M062X/6-311G (d, p) level. Based on TD-DFT M062X/6-311G (d, p) method, the first 20 excited states were calculated at gas phase. Three kinds of bond orders (Mayer, Laplacian, and Wiberg), UV spectrum, density-of-states (DOS), electron-hole distributions, localized orbital locators (LOL), and infrared (IR) spectrum were calculated. Calculation results showed that longer C-C bond orders of Mayer, Laplacian, and Wiberg methods are about 2.37-2.68 Å, while shorter C-C bond orders of three methods are about 1.14-1.21 Å. π-electron delocalization analyses results prove π-electron delocalization of p-C6H4-C10 is more likely to occur on shorter C-C bonds rather than longer C-C bonds, and inside / outside of the ring plane rather than above / below the ring plane. p-C6H4-C10 have two absorption peaks located at about 319 nm and 236 nm, respectively. And the two absorption peaks are mainly contributed by tansitions from S0 to S2, S3, S19, and S20. All these transitions can be attributed to p→p*. Electron-hole analyses results proved these four excitations are all local electron excitation (LE). DOS analyses results indicate that in the region of -21.77 eV– 5.44 eV, molecular orbitals are mainly contributed by phenyl rings.
TRPM2 regulates the excitability of hippocampal neurons through Kv7 channel in epilepsy
Authors: Ying Yingchao , Gong Lifen , Tao Xiaohan , Yao Yinping , Ding Junchao , Liu Jiajing , Chen Chen , Zhu Tao , Jiang Peifang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Transient receptor potential Melastain2 (TRPM2) ion channel is a non-selective cationic channel that can permeate Ca2+ and is highly expressed in the brain, especially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, which are critical for cognitive function. Current research evidence indicates that TRPM2 is closely associated with various neurological diseases such as epilepsy. In this study, TRPM2 gene knockout mice were used to study the effect of TRPM2 on the susceptibility to epilepsy in mice and the specific mechanism of the impact of TRPM2 on epilepsy by affecting neuronal excitability. In PTZ chronic kindling epilepsy model, we have found that TRPM2 knockout mice were more susceptible to epilepsy than WT mice. Furthermore, the neuronal excitability in the hippocampal CA1 region of TRPM2 knockout mice is significantly increased. Compared with WT group, there were no significant differences in the input resistance and afterhyperpolarization of CA1 neurons in TRPM2 knockout mice. Firing adaptation rate of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of TRPM2 knockout mice is lower than that of WT mice. We found that activation of Kv7 channel by retigabine reduced the firing frequency of action potential in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons of TRPM2 knockout mice. However, inhibiting Kv7 channel increased the firing frequency of action potential in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of WT mice. In animal models, we confirmed that activation of Kv7 channel can effectively reduce epileptic seizures in TRPM2 knockout mice. These results suggest that hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in TRPM2 knockout mice may increase neuronal excitability by inhibiting the Kv7 channel, thus affecting the susceptibility to epilepsy. This study carefully explores the reasons why TRPM2 knockout is more susceptible to epilepsy, which is helpful to understand the occurrence and development of epilepsy, and provides new ideas for the treatment technology and methods of epilepsy.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on the Yield and Yield Components of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties in Metema and Tach-Armachiho Districts, North-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Wassie Tesfa Kassahun , Feleke Tilahun Tadesse , Dejenie Tesfaye Wossen , Wubie Asaye Birhanu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The study was conducted in 2018/19 main cropping season at two locations in North-western Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on earliness, growth, and yield and yield components of cotton varieties. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a factorial arrangement of five N rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg ha− 1) and two cotton varieties (Sisiku-02 and Delta pine-90).
Results
Significant main effect of N rates was observed for most of cotton phenological traits, plant height, number of main stem nodes and number of first fruiting branch nodes, average boll weight, cottonseed yield, lint yield and total cotton, whereas N fertilizer rates did not show difference regarding on days to initial flowering and lint percentage in both sites and days to initial squaring and height to node ratio at Tach-Armachiho, number of bolls per plant at Metema site. Main effect of varieties showed significant difference for all phonological traits, average boll weight, cottonseed, and lint yield and lint percentage for both sites. Significantly higher plant height, height to node ratio, number of first fruiting branch nodes and total boll numbers was recorded at Metema experimental site, while number of main stem nodes was non-significant due to main effect of varieties. However, in Tach-Armachiho main effects of varieties were non-significantly affected total boll numbers and most growth parameters except total dry matter production. The total dry matter production of the cotton plant in a plot was significantly influenced by their interaction effect at Metema. The maximum cottonseed yield, lint yield and total cotton yield were obtained at 92 kg ha-1 N rate at Metema and Tach-Armachiho sites. The higher lint yield and lint percentage were recorded on variety Sisiku-02, while higher cottonseed yield was found from variety Delta pine-90 in both sites. Similarly, the result of economic analysis showed that the maximum net benefit was obtained at main effect of 92 kg ha-1 N rate and Sisiku-02 variety.
Conclusions
Based on lint yield and economic analysis, use of Sisiku-02 variety with 92 kg ha-1 nitrogen rate is promising for cotton production in study areas and similar agro-ecologies
Prediction and validation of short- to long-term earthquake probabilities in inland Japan using the hierarchical space-timeETAS and space-time Poisson process models
Authors: Ogata Yosihiko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A hierarchical space-time version of the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (HIST-ETAS) model was constructed for an optimally adapted fit to diverse seismicity features characterized by anisotropic clustering as well as regionally distinct parameters. This manuscript validates this elaborate model for short-term prediction based on several years of recent inland Japan earthquakes as a testing dataset, by evaluating the results using a log-likelihood ratio score. To consider intermediate- and long-term performance, several types of space-time Poisson models are compared with the background seismicity rate of the HIST-ETAS model. Results show firstly that the HIST-ETAS model has the best short-term prediction results for earthquakes in the range of magnitudes from M4.0 to M5.0, although, for the larger earthquakes, sufficient recent earthquake data is lacking to evaluate the performance. Second, for intermediate-term predictions, the optimal spatial nonuniform Poisson intensity model has a better forecast performance than the seismic background intensity of the HIST-ETAS model, while the uniform rate Poisson model throughout all of inland Japan has the worst forecast performance. For earthquakes of M6 or larger, the performance of retrospective long-term forecasts was tested in two ways. First, a retrospective forecasting experiment divided the entire period from 1885 to the present into two parts, with the recent ~ 30 years as the forecast period. Second, the historical damaging earthquake data (599–1884) were spatially validated using century data from 1885 to the present. In both validations, it was determined that the spatial intensity of the inland background seismic activity of the HIST-ETAS model is much better than the best-fit nonuniform Poisson spatial model, leading to the best results. The findings of this study will be critical for regional earthquake hazard planning in Japan and similar locations worldwide.