bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based automatic segmentation for size and volumetric measurement of breast cancer on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yue Wenyi , Zhang Hongtao , Zhou Juan , Li Guang , Tang Zhe , Sun Zeyu , Cai Jianming , Tian Ning , Gao Shen , Dong Jinghui , Liu Yuan , Bai Xu , Sheng Fugeng 
Published: August 2022

PurposeIn clinical work, accurately measuring the volume and the size of breast cancer is significant to develop a treatment plan. However, it is time-consuming, and inter- and intra-observer variations among radiologists exist. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of a Res-UNet convolutional neural network based on automatic segmentation for size and volumetric measurement of mass enhancement breast cancer on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and methodsA total of 1,000 female breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative 1.5-T dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI prior to treatment were selected from January 2015 to October 2021 and randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 800) and a testing cohort (n = 200). Compared with the masks named ground truth delineated manually by radiologists, the model performance on segmentation was evaluated with dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The performance of tumor (T) stage classification was evaluated with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsIn the test cohort, the DSC of automatic segmentation reached 0.89. Excellent concordance (ICC &gt; 0.95) of the maximal and minimal diameter and good concordance (ICC &gt; 0.80) of volumetric measurement were shown between the model and the radiologists. The trained model took approximately 10–15 s to provide automatic segmentation and classified the T stage with an overall accuracy of 0.93, sensitivity of 0.94, 0.94, and 0.75, and specificity of 0.95, 0.92, and 0.99, respectively, in T1, T2, and T3.ConclusionsOur model demonstrated good performance and reliability for automatic segmentation for size and volumetric measurement of breast cancer, which can be time-saving and effective in clinical decision-making.
Iron status of exclusively breastfed low-birth-weight infants born to anemic mothers and effect of maternal iron supplementation for 3 versus 6 months: A randomized double-blind placebo control trial
Authors: Fatima Tarannum , Faridi Mohammad Moonis Akbar , Srivastava Geetika 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe effect of maternal iron supplementation during lactation on the iron status of exclusively breastfed low-birth-weight (LBW) infants is not known.Objective(1) To find out the number of LBW exclusively breastfed infants having hemoglobin &lt; 10.5 g/dL at 6 months when mothers received iron. (2) To find out the proportion of anemic infants when mothers received iron for 3 and 6 months.DesignThe Clinical Trials Registry, India (CTRI) registered trial (CTRI/2018/08/015516) double-blind randomized control trial participants: A total of 80 anemic mothers and exclusively breastfed LBW infants.InterventionA total of 80 anemic mothers and exclusively breastfed infants, birth weight 1,500–2,499 g, randomized into two groups of 40 each. Mothers received daily iron for 3 months and placebo for the next 3 months in group A and iron for 6 months in group B. Iron profile of mothers and infants measured at recruitment and 6 months.ResultsIn total, 26.6% infants developed anemia till 6 months of age, and number of anemic infants were similar whether mothers received iron for 3 (n = 9) or 6 months (n = 11). Hemoglobin (12.89 + 0.46 vs. 12.44 + 0.48 g/dL; p &lt; 0.001) and serum ferritin (27.45 + 7.60 vs. 18.94 + 5.36 ng/mL; p &lt; 0.001) were significantly higher in infants at 6 months of age whose mothers received iron for 6 months in comparison to 3 months. Conclusion: totally, 26.6% exclusively breastfed infants developed anemia till 6 months of age when mothers took iron; number of anemic infants were not different if mothers received iron for 3 or 6 months. A significant increase was noted in serum ferritin with slightly higher hemoglobin of infants when mothers received iron for longer duration.Clinical trial registration[http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pubview.php], identifier [CTRI/2018/08/015516].
Is endoscopy beneficial in pediatric laparoscopic gastrostomy insertion; A 9-year comparative study
Authors: Bitar Rana , Syed Ajia , Azaz Amer , Rawat David , Hobeldin Mohamed , Miqdady Mohamad , Abdelsalam Seifeleslam 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAdvancements in pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement (PEG), laparoscopic-assisted gastrostomy (LAG) technique, and laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (LAPEG) procedure have opened up new options for gastrostomy tube placement. LAPEG utilizes endoscopy and laparoscopy for gastrostomy insertion. This review compares the outcomes and complications of LAG and LAPEG techniques in children.MethodsAll LAG and LAPEG gastrostomy tube placements in children from September 2010 to September 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient demographic, along with procedural and 1-year complication data, were collected.ResultsIn total, 92/181 of gastrostomies were LAG and 89/181 were LAPEG. The mean age, weight and patient characteristics were comparable. Conversion rate was 1% in both groups (p= 0.74), there was no peritoneal leak in either group, a minor serosal injury to the stomach was seen in 1 patient in LAG with no bowel injury in LAPEG cohort (p= 0.51), need for re-operation was 1 and 2% in LAG and LAPEG, respectively (p= 0.49), early tube dislodgement was in 8 (9%) patients in LAG and 7 (6%) in LAPEG (p= 0.53) and wound infection was 13/92 in LAG and 11/89 in LAPEG (p= 0.8). The median operative time for LAPEG was less than LAG (p&lt; 0.001) by 11 min but the median length of hospital stay was not significantly different (p&lt; 0.096).ConclusionBoth LAG and LAPEG techniques in children are safe with comparable complication rates and length of hospital stay, the addition of endoscopy to LAG allowed for shorter operative time in the LAPEG technique.
Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Weldegebreal Fitsum , Teklemariam Zelalem , Mitiku Habtamu , Tesfaye Tamrat , Abrham Roba Aklilu , Tebeje Fikru , Asfaw Abiyot , Naganuri Mahantash , Jinnappa Geddugol Bahubali , Mesfin Frehiwot , Abdulahi Ibsa Mussa , Befikadu Hilina , Tesfaye Eden 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundChildren are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of childhood tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes have not been well documented, and no research has been conducted in eastern Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the treatment outcome and its predictors of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia from September 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in eight selected hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Data on 2002 children with tuberculosis was extracted by using the standard checklist of the national tuberculosis treatment format. Treatment outcomes were determined according to the standard definitions of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. Data were entered into Epi Data software version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable regression analyses were carried out to examine the associations between dependent and independent variables. A P-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe overall successful treatment rate was 1,774 (88.6%) [95% confidence interval (CI): (80.59–97.40)]. A total of 125 (6.2%), 1,648 (82.3%), 59 (2.9%), and 19 (0.9%) children with tuberculosis (TB) were cured, completed, defaulted, and died, respectively. A high number of defaulters and deaths were reported in the age group &lt;10 years. More children with smear-positive pulmonary TB (74.4%) were cured, while smear-negative tuberculosis had higher treatment completion rates. Being male in sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96) and those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive sero status (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.90) had a lower chance of a successful treatment outcome.ConclusionIn this study, thee treatment success rate was higher than the recent World Health Organization report. Those males and HIV seropositive status were less likely to have a successful treatment outcome. Therefore, efforts should be made by each health institution in eastern Ethiopia by giving emphasis on male and HIV-positive individuals.
Analgesic Action of Catechin on Chronic Constriction Injury–Induced Neuropathic Pain in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Foudah Ahmed I. , Alqarni Mohammed H. , Devi Sushma , Singh Akanksha , Alam Aftab , Alam Pravej , Singh Sima 
Published: August 2022

Chronic neuropathy is a common and debilitating problem that poses a significant challenge to health care worldwide. Natural compounds have received considerable attention as potential sources of new drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric pain. Catechin is a well-known novel flavonoid with several therapeutic properties, notably in neurodegenerative diseases. The current study is designed to investigate the role of catechin in neuroprotective activity in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Apparently, healthy adult male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 160–190 g (8 weeks old) were selected and grouped into the following: sham (distilled water), CCI group (CCI), standard [CCI + pregabalin (10 mg/kg, p.o.)], and test catechin [CCI + catechin (50 and 100 μg/kg p.o.)] for 28 days. Behavioral, thermal, and mechanical changes were evaluated. The results showed that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were reduced in the catechin-treated group when compared with the CCI group. In addition, the relationship between the analgesic effect of catechin and the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-β was established. The results showed that catechin reversed the signs of neuropathic pain. It also decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-β in the rat brain. Therefore, the results suggested that catechin has promising potential in the treatment and management of neuropathic pain by decreasing the levels of NF-κβ–regulated inflammatory cytokines in the chronic constriction injury model.
Artemisinin relieves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating miR-29b-3p and hemicentin 1
Authors: Han Junyu , Zhang Ziguan , Zhang Zhonghe , Yang Shuyu 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To explore the impact of artemisinin (ARS) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism.Methods: Myocardial I/R rat model and cell model were used in this study. The cell viability, morphological changes, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated in cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells in vitro by using cell counting kit-8, microscope, flow cytometry, and commercial kits. High throughput sequencing is used to identify molecular targets of ARS on myocardial I/R injury, and then the gene-gene interaction network was constructed. MiR-29b-3p, hemicentin 1 (HMCN1), and apoptosis-related genes were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In the myocardial I/R rat model, echocardiography, (Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) TTC staining, Hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining, Masson Trichrome staining, and TUNEL staining are applied to evaluate the protective effect of ARS on the myocardial injury.Results:In vitro, we demonstrated that ARS alleviated H2O2-induced myocardial I/R injury, manifested by increased H9c2 viability, decreased pathological changes, apoptosis, and oxidative stress biomarker ROS, LDH, and CK-MB. Then, sequencing analysis revealed that miR-29b-3p/HMCN1 was the target of ARS for myocardial I/R injury. Notably, rescue experiments indicated that ARS inhibited myocardial I/R injury through targeted regulation miR-29b-3p/HMCN1. In vivo, we confirmed that ARS reduced myocardial injury, fibrosis, and apoptosis via modulation of miR-29b-3p/HMCN1.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the functional role of the ARS/miR-29b-3p/HMCN1 axis in alleviating myocardial I/R injury, which provided a new direction for myocardial I/R injury therapy.
Feasibility and acceptability of saliva-based testing for the screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection in prison
Authors: Parodi Chiara , Ottaviano Emerenziana , Cocco Nicola , Ancona Silvia , Bianchi Silvia , Massa Valentina , Bartolotti Raffaella , Pezzoni Barbara , Giuliani Ruggero , Borghi Elisa , Ranieri Roberto 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSaliva molecular tests have shown a similar sensitivity and specificity compared to nasopharyngeal test for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected Lombardy prisons, generating the need for extensive contact tracing activities and for detecting asymptomatic carriers. The availability of a less invasive test in a setting that hosts a high-risk and often hard-to-reach population, suggests its possible use in prisons.MethodsThe study was carried out on a population of new incomers in Milan San Vittore pre-trial prison. All the new incomers were submitted to quarantine and to saliva test and nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) for SARS-CoV-2 detection at the entry and at the end of quarantine before their admission in community (Protocol 1–February 2nd to March 5th, 2021). Starting from March 8th to July 30th, 2021, the screening protocol was adjusted to avoid biases in sample collection (Protocol II), and saliva testing was performed at entrance.Results12/1,120 enrolled subjects were excluded from the study. Among the 1,080 processed samples, 1 tested positive, 5 weakly positive, 1,069 negative, 3 were invalid, and 2 samples tested positive for the viral gene N2 only, with Ct value above 38. During Protocol I, 6/156 coupled saliva/NPS tests were discordant due to food ingestion prior saliva collection, prompting us to establishing Protocol II.ConclusionsSaliva molecular testing is feasible in prison setting, being less invasive and easier to use, and reliable. Acceptability was very high even in a complex context as that of newly incarcerated persons.
Prevalence of burnout and associated factors among health professionals working in public health facilities of Dire Dawa city administration, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Fila , Hawulte Behailu , Yuya Mohammed , Birhanu Simon , Oljira Lemessa 
Published: August 2022

Background:Burnout is a common condition among health workers, characterized by emotional tiredness, depersonalization, and a sense of low personal accomplishment. Ethiopia has major health workforce management challenges, including shortages, poor motivation, retention, and performance, and research evidence is limited for health professionals' burnout status, particularly in Eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence of burnout and associated factors among health professionals working at governmental health facilities in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals using structured self-administered validated questionnaires using the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between burnout and its predictors.ResultsA total of 508 health professionals were approached, out of which 501 participated (a response rate of 98.4%). The magnitude of burnout was 54.1 with a 95% confidence interval of 49.9–58.0%. Working in a hospital (AOR = 3.55, 95%CI: 2.00, 6.33), age &gt;/= 40 (AOR = 3.98, 95%CI:1.60, 9.89) and 30–39 years (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI:1.08, 3.34), being female(AOR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.37, 4.25), being widowed (AOR = 3.39, 95%CI: 1.13, 10.18), having intention of leaving work (AOR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.35, 3.87), using at least one substance (AOR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.36, 3.69), having a 6–11 years of experience (AOR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.15, 4.06), having no job supervision (AOR = 4.65, 95%CI: 2.07, 10.43), monthly payment &lt;10,000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 5.69, 95%CI: 2.30, 14.07) and between 10,000 to 15,000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.22, 6.15), working in Pediatric Unit (AOR = 3.28, 95%CI: 1.24, 8.70), and profession type (Midwifery, Public health officer, Medical Laboratory professionals) were factors significantly associated with burnout.ConclusionBurnout affected more than half of the health professionals working in governmental health facilities in Dire Dawa. Health facility type, age, sex, marital status, intention to leave work, substance use, work experience, job supervision, monthly payment, profession type, and working unit were significantly associated predictors of burnout.
Outcomes and eye care knowledge in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a history of laser refractive surgery for myopia
Authors: Lan Chieh , Chen Yi-Hao , Chen Yung-Jen , Lee Jong-Jer , Kuo Hsi-Kung , Wu Pei-Chang 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo investigate the surgical outcomes and eye care knowledge of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who had previously undergone laser refractive surgery (LRS) for myopia in a myopia epidemic area.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with primary RRD who underwent surgery and had a history of LRS for myopia at a tertiary medical center. Data were reviewed from medical charts to analyse the surgical outcomes. Questions about eye care knowledge and attitude toward myopia and LRS were obtained.ResultsA total of 774 patients underwent RRD surgery, among whom 341 (44%) had myopia &gt; −3 dioptres, 66% of whom had high myopia. Thirty eyes of 26 patients had a history of LRS for myopia. The mean age of patients with a history of LRS was significantly lower than that of those without a history of LRS (45.7 ± 2.9 years vs. 53.8 ± 1.0, p &lt; 0.001). The mean pre-LRS spherical equivalent was −8.66 ± 0.92 (range: −3.00–−12.00) dioptres. In more than half the patients (n = 15, 57.7%), the interval between LRS and RRD was more than 10 years. The primary retinal reattachment rate was only 60%, whereas the final retinal reattachment rate was 93%. The mean final visual acuity (VA) improved from a 20/286 to 20/105 (p = 0.006). Linear mixed model analysis showed factors of male sex and macular detachment were significant with poor visual outcome (p = 0.046 and 0.008) Eye care knowledge obtained from the 19 RRD patients with history of LRS, 47% of patients (9/19) mistakenly thought that LRS could cure myopia and its complications, and 63% of patients were less willing to visit an ophthalmologist because uncorrected VA improvement after LRS. Eighty-four percent thought that proper knowledge and more education about LRS and myopia for the public are important.ConclusionIn the RRD patients with a history of LRS for myopia, their age was relative younger. Male sex and macular detachment were associated with poor visual outcome. More education with proper knowledge of LRS, myopia and RRD is recommended for the patients to prevent or early detect the occurrence of RRD.
The burden of liver cirrhosis in mortality: Results from the global burden of disease study
Authors: Ye Fei , Zhai Mimi , Long Jianhai , Gong Yi , Ren Chutong , Zhang Dan , Lin Xiang , Liu Sushun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundLiver cirrhosis-related death is a serious threat worldwide. The number of studies exploring the mortality trend of cirrhosis caused by specific etiologies was limited. This study aimed to demonstrate the pattern and trend based on the data of global burden of disease (GBD).MethodsThe data of cirrhosis mortality were collected from the GBD 2017. The Age standardized mortality rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were used to estimate the temporal trend of liver cirrhosis mortality by etiologies, regions, sociodemographic index (SDI), and sexes.ResultsGlobally, mortality cases of cirrhosis increased by 47.15%. Although the global ASR of cirrhosis mortality remained stable during this period, the temporal trend varied in etiologies. The ASR of mortality caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increased with an EAPC of 0.17 (95% CI, 0.14–0.20), 0.20 (95% CI, 0.16–0.24), 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97–1.04), respectively. A decreasing trend of ASR was found among the causes of hepatitis B virus (BV) and other causes. The increased pattern was heterogeneous worldwide. The most pronounced increase trend was found in middle-high SDI regions and Eastern Europe. Contrarily, the most pronounced decrease trend was found in low SDI regions and Western Sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionCirrhosis is still a public health problem. The growth trend of cirrhosis mortality caused by HCV was slowed by promoting direct-acting antiviral therapy. Unfortunately, we observed an unfavorable trend in etiologies for alcohol consumption and NASH, which indicated that more targeted and specific strategies should be established to limit alcohol consumption and promote healthy lifestyles in high-risk countries, especially in middle-high SDI regions and Eastern Europe.
Antidepressants as emerging contaminants: Occurrence in wastewater treatment plants and surface waters in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Junlin , Xu Peiwei , Xiang Jie , Xu Dandan , Cheng Ping , Wang Xiaofeng , Wu Lizhi , Zhang Nianhua , Chen Zhijian 
Published: August 2022

AimsAntidepressants have aroused wide public concern due to their widespread presence in water and their harm to human health and environment. This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to the presence of antidepressants in the surface water.MethodsData was evaluated by analyzing water samples collected from the influent, effluent, upstream and downstream of the WWTPs on the rivers of interest in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Besides, the study also assessed the impact of the release of antidepressants from WWTPs to the surface water on the drinking water. An automatic solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect antidepressants.ResultsThe most abundant compound was venlafaxine, followed by citalopram, sertraline, and fluvoxamine with concentrations between 0.6 and 87 ng/L. Antidepressants showed maximum concentrations at the effluent outlets of the WWTPs, and greater concentrations were found downstream than upstream of the WWTPs in Qiantang River. The results of source water and finished water showed that the detection concentration was lower than the detection limit of the method.ConclusionsThe less impact of the release of antidepressants from WWTPs to the surface water on the drinking water was identified. Nevertheless, these compounds were hardly removed by wastewater treatment processes. Thus, their risks deserve close attention.