bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACVSPO: Fractional anti corona virus student psychology optimization enabled deep residual network and hybrid correlative feature selection for distributed denial‐of‐service attack detection in cloud using spark architecture
Authors: Muthuperumal Periyaperumal Ramkumar , Ramasamy Ganeshan , Azees Maria , Sakthi Ulaganathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCloud computing is an emerging standard in modern days for the purpose of sharing huge data, as it affords numerous user friendly behaviors. Cloud computing services offer an extensive range of resource pool in order to maintain huge scale data. Although, cloud computing model is disposed to several cyber‐attacks and security problems regarding cloud structure, because of the dynamic and distribute character and exposures in virtualization implementation. Distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attack is a type of cyber‐attack, which disturbs the usual traffic of targeted cloud server. Moreover, DDoS produces malicious traffic in cloud structure, and thus consumes cloud resources. In this paper, an effective DDoS attack detection model, named fractional anti corona virus student psychology optimization‐based deep residual network (FACVSPO‐based DRN) is implemented using spark architecture. The devised FACVSPO approach is newly designed by incorporating anti coronavirus optimization (ACVO) algorithm, fractional calculus (FC) and student psychology based optimization (SPBO) model. Moreover, the hybrid correlative scheme is designed for extracting significant features for attack detection. The DRN structure is utilized for performing attack recognition, which categorizes the data as normal or attack. In addition, the DRN classifier is trained by the developed FACVSPO approach. The developed attack detection model outperformed other existing techniques in terms of testing accuracy, true negative rate (TNR), true positive rate (TPR) of 0.9236, 0.9141, and 0.9412, respectively. The testing accuracy of the implemented model is 12.02%, 8.92%, 7.27%, 6.30%, 5.68%, and 1.20% better than the existing methods, such as Taylor‐elephant herd optimisation based deep belief network (TEHO‐DBN), deep learning, deep neural network (DNN), multiple kernel learning, Fuzzy Taylor elephant herd optimisation (EHO)‐based DBN, fractional anti corona virus optimization‐deep neuro fuzzy network (FACVO‐based DNFN), respectively. Similarly, the TNR is 10.14%, 6.88%, 5.94%, 5.46%, 4.25%, and 3.28% and TPR is 12.33%, 9.46%, 8.05%, 7.41%, 6.02%, and 3.04% better than the existing methods.
Lead‐Free Halide CsAg2I3 with 1D Electronic Structure and High Stability for Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Yao Ming‐Ming , Zhang Qun , Wang Dan , Chen Ren‐li , Yin Yi‐Chen , Xia Jun , Tang Heng , Xu Wei‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLead halide perovskites have gained extensive attention in the photodetectors (PDs) field, but the problems of intrinsic toxicity and poor stability still hamper their practical applications. Furthermore, ultraviolet (UV) PDs have rarely been explored due to challenges, including the lack of suitable materials and the costly and complicated fabrication processes. In order to solve the above problems, herein it is reported a novel all‐inorganic lead‐free halide CsAg2I3 single crystal (SC) with pure phase and high quality. This CsAg2I3 SC shows ultra‐stable crystal structure, steady chemical properties, and good optical properties, and it can be stable up to 893 K. Its 1D crystal structure and soft crystal lattice support the formation of self‐trapped excitons, leading to a broadband emission at 610 nm with a large Stokes shift of 315 nm (2.23 eV). The strong absorption for UV light combined with direct bandgap, large Stokes shift, and ultra‐high stability promises an environment‐friendly, low‐cost, and high‐performance UV PD based on the 1D all‐inorganic silver (I) halides.
Stretchable Redox‐Active Semiconducting Polymers for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Dai Yahao , Dai Shilei , Li Nan , Li Yang , Moser Maximilian , Strzalka Joseph , Prominski Aleksander , Liu Youdi , Zhang Qingteng , Li Songsong , Hu Huawei , Liu Wei , Chatterji Shivani , Cheng Ping , Tian Bozhi , McCulloch Iain , Xu Jie , Wang Sihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) represent an emerging device platform for next‐generation bioelectronics owing to the uniquely high amplification and sensitivity to biological signals. For achieving seamless tissue–electronics interfaces for accurate signal acquisition, skin‐like softness and stretchability are essential requirements, but they have not yet been imparted onto high‐performance OECTs, largely due to the lack of stretchable redox‐active semiconducting polymers. Here, a stretchable semiconductor is reported for OECT devices, namely poly(2‐(3,3′‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)‐[2,2′‐bithiophen]‐5)yl thiophene) (p(g2T‐T)), which gives exceptional stretchability over 200% strain and 5000 repeated stretching cycles, together with OECT performance on par with the state‐of‐the‐art. Validated by systematic characterizations and comparisons of different polymers, the key design features of this polymer that enable the combination of high stretchability and high OECT performance are a nonlinear backbone architecture, a moderate side‐chain density, and a sufficiently high molecular weight. Using this highly stretchable polymer semiconductor, an intrinsically stretchable OECT is fabricated with high normalized transconductance (≈223 S cm−1) and biaxial stretchability up to 100% strain. Furthermore, on‐skin electrocardiogram (ECG) recording is demonstrated, which combines built‐in amplification and unprecedented skin conformability.
Electrochemical Insertion of Zinc Ions into Self‐Organized Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays to Achieve Strong Osseointegration with Titanium Implants
Authors: Zhao Hang , Wang Wenhan , Liu Feng , Kong Ying , Chen Xin , Wang Liang , Ma Wenjun , Liu Chao , Sang Yuanhua , Wang Xingbang , Wang Shuhua , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe construction of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays on the surface of metallic titanium has been demonstrated as a practical approach for improving the biocompatibility of titanium orthopedic implants. However, it remains a challenge to form strong bonds between such TiO2‐based systems and the surrounding bone due to their lack of osseointegration ability. Herein, inspired by the intercalation mechanism of rechargeable batteries, a feasible electrochemical strategy is developed to insert high‐concentration bioactive zinc ions into the lattices of TiO2 nanotube arrays with a controlled release performance and without nanostructure collapse. The zinc ion‐inserted TiO2 nanotube arrays give titanium implants that exhibit excellent osteogenesis properties due to the synergistic effect of the nanotube topography and the release of zinc ions. Using the proposed electrochemical zinc insertion technique, the prepared substrates can trigger the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and subsequent implant‐to‐bone osseointegration in vivo. This study establishes a feasible and general electrochemical method to enhance the bioactivity and osseointegration of titanium implants, thereby providing a promising strategy for bone tissue repair.
Zero‐Dimensional Organic Copper(I) Iodide Hybrid with High Anti‐Water Stability for Blue‐Light‐Excitable Solid‐State Lighting
Authors: Su Binbin , Jin Jiance , Peng Yinhui , Molokeev Maxim S. , Yang Xiaobao , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe discovery of rare‐earth free luminescent materials with blue‐light‐excitable characteristic is of great importance for solid‐sate lighting applications. Herein, a Cu(I)‐based 0D luminescent hybrid (1,3‐dppH2)2Cu4I8∙H2O is synthesized by a facile solution method, and it shows the orange‐red emission peaking at 625 nm upon 460 nm excitation. The structure‐related luminescence mechanism has been elaborated by experimental and theoretical investigations. Moreover, the emission intensity remains unchanged even after continuous water treatment for 60 days due to the improved structural stability originating from intermolecular π–π interaction between organic cations. A warm white light‐emitting diode (LED) device with the color rendering index of 91.4% has been fabricated by combining the 440 nm LED chip, green‐emitting Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+, and (1,3‐dppH2)2Cu4I8∙H2O. This work provides a new design route towards 0D cuprous halide materials and will initiate more exploration of their intrinsic luminescence mechanism.
The sector‐level safety net provided by the current mix of farm programs
Authors: Westhoff Patrick , Rosenbohm Marc , Kim Youngjune , Brown Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent farm policy includes a diverse set of programs intended to provide a financial safety net for producers of grains, oilseeds, and cotton. These programs make payments contingent on national market prices and yields at the farm or county level. A review of data for the 2014–2020 period demonstrates the successes and limitations of crop insurance, agriculture risk coverage and price loss coverage at offsetting reductions in national net market revenues for particular crops. Forward‐looking stochastic analysis confirms these programs protect against different types of risks but provide support levels that can vary greatly across commodities and time.
From home to the streets: Can cultural socialization foster Latinx youths' social responsibility?
Authors: Martinez Saraí Blanco , Pinetta Bernardette J. , Rivas‐Drake Deborah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGrassroots movements such as Poder Quince exemplify how Latinx youth intertwine their cultural heritage and traditions with civic action to create positive change within their communities. Parents' cultural socialization messages have been shown to instill cultural pride and encourage prosocial behaviors (e.g., helping others, caring for younger siblings). However, there is a dearth of research on the sociopolitical discussions Latinx adolescents have with their parents and the mechanisms by which cultural socialization encourages prosocial civic development. Drawing on data from a sample of 269 self‐identified Latinx youth from three Midwestern US schools, the present study explored the direct links between parental cultural socialization and adolescents' sense of social responsibility (i.e., concern for others and caring for community) as well as the potential indirect associations via sociopolitical and civic socialization at home. Our findings suggest direct associations between cultural socialization and caring for their communities. Additionally, we observed indirect associations between cultural socialization and youths' social responsibility via family civic socialization practices and engagement in sociopolitical discussions taking place in the home.
A decimation method for studying transport properties of disordered systems
Authors: Leadbeater Mark , Lambert Colin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a numerical decimation method for the study of transport properties of disordered tight‐binding systems. We demonstrate this method by considering two situations: 1) the problem of two interacting particles (TIP) in a quasi‐one dimensional random potential and 2) the conductance of disordered normal — superconducting structures. For case 1) we compute the two particle localisation length λ2 presenting results for its dependence on disorder, interaction strength and system width. For case 2) we illustrate the method by presenting results for the sub‐gap conductance of a normal wire connected to one normal and one superconducting reservoir and the case of a normal region in contact with two superconductors.
Spectral properties and localization of few interacting electrons in a one dimensional random potential
Authors: Halfgap O. , Zharekeshev I.Kh. , MacKinnon A. , Kramer B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe calculate the density of states and the level‐number variance of two and three interacting electrons in a one dimensional disordered system by diagonalization the many particle Hamiltonian. The localization length, and its scaling properties, are investigated with different methods and compared for particle and center‐of‐mass coordinates. The results are consistent with interaction induced delocalization.
Can percolation theory be applied to the stock market?
Authors: Stauffer Dietrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fluctuations of the stock market — the price changes per unit time — seem to deviate from Gaussians for short time steps. Power laws, exponentials, and multifractal descriptions have been offered to explain this short‐time behavior. Microscopic models dealing with the decisions of single traders on the market have tried to reproduce this behavior. Possibly the simplest of these models is the herding approach of Cont and Bouchaud. Here a total of Nt traders cluster together randomly as in percolation theory. Each cluster randomly decides by buy or sell an amount proportional to its size, or not to trade. Monte Carlo simulations in two to seven dimensions at the percolation threshold depend on the number N of clusters trading within one time step. For N ∼ 1, the changes follow a power law; for 1 ≪ N ≪ Nt they are bell‐shaped with power‐law tails; for N ∼ Nt they crossover to a Gaussian. The correlations in the absolute value of the change decay slowly with time. Thus percolation not only describes the origin of life or the boiling of your breakfast egg, but also explains why we are not rich.
Gas transport through polymer membranes and free volume percolation
Authors: Paul W. , Weber H. , Binder K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the influence of structural and dynamical properties of a polymer membrane on the gas transport through this matrix. The diffusant and the polymer only interact through repulsive interactions. In the case of a glassy polymer, when one can consider the matrix as frozen, the gas particle diffusion is determined by the free volume structure of the system. We show how the percolation properties of the free volume show up in a subdiffusive behavior of the diffusant. When one takes matrix mobility into account the ideal percolation transition vanishes but its trace can still be found in a subdiffusive regime in the gas particle mean square displacement. In the statically non‐percolating regime gas transport is enabled and dominated through matrix mobility, whereas in the percolating regime it is determined by matrix structure.
An atom optics experiment to investigate faster‐than‐light tunneling
Authors: Steinberg A.M. , Myrskog S. , Moon H.S. , Kim H.A. , Fox J. , Kim J.B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe a series of atom optics experiments underway at Toronto for investigating tunnelling interaction times of various sorts. We begin by discussing some outstanding issues and confusions related to the question of whether or not superluminal tunnelling can be construed as true faster‐than‐light “signal propagation,” a question which we answer in the negative. We then argue that atom optics is an arena ideally suited for addressing a variety of remaining questions about how, where, and for how long a particle interacts with a tunnel barrier. We present recent results on a modified “delta‐kick cooling” scheme which we have used to prepare Rubidium atoms with one‐dimensional de Broglie wavelengths on the order of an optical wavelength, along with simulations showing that from these temperatures, we will be able to use acousto‐optically modulated dipole‐force barriers to velocity‐select ultracold atom samples ideal for future tunnelling experiments.
Observable tachyons in the tunneling regime?
Authors: Stahlhofen A.A. , Druxes H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome aspects are discussed of experiments reporting superluminal velocities of electromagnetic waves propagating across a photonic barrier. Emphasis is put on optical tunneling in frustrated total internal reflection while using the propagation of evanescent modes as guiding idea. This allows to distinguish between obvious and hidden time scales in tunneling by monitoring nonspecular deformations of the incoming beam. The possibility of using specially designed systems for a detailed study of these deformations is addressed.
Einstein causality and the superluminal velocities of the Cologne microwave experiment
Authors: Goenner H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhysics is an empirical science in the sense that its theories and the basic principles on which they are founded are always open to discussion, reformulation, and even to rejection – if the facts require it. Surprisingly, some of these important principles have withstood all storms of time and also the exponential increase both in data taken and in knowledge gained about nature. Some of the sturdiest ones are conservation of energy, conservation of charge and the causality principle. In this paper, we will try to give simple, not too technical, arguments why the claim that, in a number of experiments with microwaves encountering and passing a barrier in a waveguide, the principle of causality has been violated, is not acceptable. These measurements are contained within the domain of classical electromagnetism such that there is no need for applying the quantum mechanical concept of tunneling. Some of the difficulties which occured during the debate concerning the interpretation of the experiments, seem to be due to an overstretching of the concepts of “particle” and “field”, respectively. These concepts, in classical physics, are less intertwined than in quantum theory.
Density‐matrix spectra for integrable models
Authors: Peschel Ingo , Kaulke Matthias , Legeza Örs 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spectra which occur in numerical density‐matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations for quantum chains can be obtained analytically for integrable models via corner transfer matrices. This is shown in detail for the transverse Ising chain and the uniaxial XXZ Heisenberg model and explains in particular their exponential character in these cases.
Copenhagen's single system premise prevents a unified view of integer and fractional quantum hall effect
Authors: Post Evert Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis essay presents conclusive evidence of the impermissibility of Copenhagen's single system interpretation of the Schroedinger process. The latter needs to be viewed as a tool exclusively describing phase and orientation randomized ensembles and is not be used for isolated single systems. Asymptotic closeness of single system and ensemble behavior and the rare nature of true single system manifestations have prevented a definitive identification of this Copenhagen deficiency over the past three quarter century. Quantum uncertainty so becomes a basic trade mark of phase and orientation disordered ensembles. The ensuing void of usable single system tools opens a new inquiry for tools without statistical connotations. Three, in part already known, period integrals here identified as flux, charge and action counters emerge as diffeo‐4 invariant tools fully compatible with the demands of the general theory of relativity. The discovery of the quantum Hall effect has been instrumental in forcing a distinction between ensemble disorder as in the normal Hall effect versus ensemble order in the plateau states. Since the order of the latter permits a view of the plateau states as a macro‐ or meso‐scopic single system, the period integral description applies, yielding a straightforward unified description of integer and fractional quantum Hall effects.
Low‐temperature dephasing in disordered conductors: experimental aspects
Authors: Gershenson M.E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhat is the lowest temperature to which one can trace the growth of the dephasing timeτφin low‐dimensional conductors? I consider the fundamental limitation, the crossover from weak to strong localization, as well as several experimental reasons for frequently observed saturation ofτφ(hot‐electron effects, dephasing by external noise). Recent progress in our understanding of the electron‐phonon interaction in disordered conductors is also briefly discussed.
Scaling laws, phase diagram, localized magnetic moments and Kondo effect in two‐dimensional metals
Authors: Washburn S. , Kim N.J. , Feng X.G. , Popović Dragana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetallic properties in two‐dimensional electron systems appear in different trends to asymptotes of non‐zero conductivity σ at zero temperature T. The spin interaction plays a crucial role in the metallic behavior, and interactions with localized moments lead to a Kondo effect, but they do not destroy the metal. Different scaling forms with one or two parameters are used to describe the dependence of σ in different ranges of T and carrier concentration ns. The two‐parameter scaling form describes both the “Kondo metal” and the more conventional metal at all temperatures.
Weak localization in the 2D metallic regime of Si‐MOS
Authors: Brunthaler G. , Prinz A. , Bauer G. , Pudalov V.M. , Dizhur E.M. , Jaroszynski J. , Glod P. , Dietl T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe negative magnetoresistance due to weak localization is investigated in the two‐dimensional metallic state of Si‐MOS structures for high conductance values between 35 and 120 e2/h. The extracted phase coherence time is equal to the momentum relaxation time at 10 K but nearly 100 times longer at the lowest temperature. Nevertheless, only weak logarithmic corrections to the conductivity are present in the investigated temperature and concentration range thus proving the absence of strong quantum effects due to electron‐electron interaction. From saturation effects of the phase coherence time a lower boundary for spin‐orbit scattering of about 200 ps is estimated.
Numerical results for two interacting particles in a random environment
Authors: Römer R.A. , Leadbeater M. , Schreiber M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMuch evidence has been collected to date which shows that repulsive electron‐electron interaction can lead to the formation of particle pairs in a one‐dimensional random m energy landscape. The localization length λ2 of these pair states is finite, but larger than the localization length λ1 of the individual particles. After a short review of previous work, we present numerical evidence for this effect based on an analysis of the interaction matrix elements and an application of the decimation method. The results based on the decimation method for a two‐dimensional disordered medium support the localization‐delocalization transition of pair states predicted recently.
The disordered Fermi‐liquid fixed point and its instabilities
Authors: Belitz D. , Kirkpatrick T.R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concept of a disordered Fermi‐liquid fixed point is introduced and used to understand various properties of disordered metals within a unifying framework. Corrections to scaling near this fixed point give what are commonly called weak‐localization effects. Various instabilities of the disordered Fermi‐liquid phase are discussed. These include two distinct types of superconducting‐to‐normal‐metal quantum phase transitions. First, the quantum phase transition from a disordered metal to a conventional superconductor in bulk materials is considered. Second, a quantum phase transition in two dimensions from metallic‐like behavior to a novel type of disorder induced, spin‐triplet, even‐parity, superconductivity is treated. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the nature of the ground state of two‐dimensional, disordered electron systems.