bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological tau signatures and nuclear alterations in neurons, astrocytes and microglia in Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Montalbano Mauro , Majmundar Lajja , Sengupta Urmi , Fung Leiana , Kayed Rakez 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccumulation of pathological tau aggregates is a prominent feature in tauopathies that leads during the course of the diseases to neuronal dysfunction before and cell death after. Microglia and astrocytes have been described as playing important roles in synaptic spreading of toxic tau in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Here, we have investigated the immunological and biochemical properties of aggregated tau species in different brain cell types in tau‐induced neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Additionally, we examined nuclear size, nuclear density, and chromatin compaction in neuronal and glial cells from diseased brain tissues. Microscopic‐histological examination was performed using in‐house mouse monoclonal antibodies for toxic tau conformers (TTC‐M1 and TTC‐M2) and tau oligomers (TOMA1‐4). By immunohistochemistry and co‐immunofluorescence assays using TOMA/TTC‐Ms and cell‐type specific markers for neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, we observed that TOMA/TTC‐Ms were immunoreactive to diverse tau species in different cell types. Analysis of colocalization coefficients indicated an increased pathological tau deposition mainly in the neurons. Western blot analysis of brain homogenates using TOMA/TTC‐Ms revealed distinct patterns of tau aggregation in each disease, suggesting that TOMA/TTC‐Ms can distinguish between different tau aggregates present in different tauopathies. Additionally, using DAPI staining, we observed that neuronal and astrocytic nuclei had significantly greater nuclear area and increased chromatin compaction in AD cortices compared to non‐demented controls. In contrast, reduction in nuclear density/area and more relaxed chromatin was noticed in DLB neurons, astrocytes and microglia and PSP astrocytes and microglia. Cell‐type specific tropism of toxic tau species in tauopathies will provide a greater understanding of the involvement of different brain cell types in tau pathology. In this study, we observed that each disease presented cell‐type specific nuclear phenotype and tau deposition pattern.
Barriers and facilitators to participation in everyday activities for children with intellectual disabilities in China
Authors: Shi Linjun , Granlund Mats , Wang Lan , Huus Karina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are vulnerable and participate less in everyday activities compared to their peers with typical development. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators related to the participation in everyday activities of children with IDs in China.MethodsTwenty semi‐structured interviews were conducted with primary caregivers of children with IDs from special schools in Tianjin, China. The data were transcribed and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.ResultsFour categories of barriers to participation in everyday activities for children with IDs were identified: insufficient knowledge, attitudes and skills in primary caregivers; ID‐related characteristics of children; stigma and Chinese culture; and lack of support from society. Four categories describing facilitators of participation in everyday activities for children with IDs were also identified: the optimistic attitude of the primary caregiver; adequate family support; active environment in school and policy; and attractive characteristics of children with IDs.ConclusionsThe findings in this study add knowledge on important barriers and facilitators affecting the participation of children with IDs in everyday activities in China. The primary caregivers' voices need to be heard by government and society. Appropriate and effective changes in family‐oriented services and the legal, social, political and economic context of the child welfare management system for the scale‐up of improving participation should be implemented for children with IDs.
Transplantation of modified human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells affords therapeutic effects on cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Kawauchi Satoshi , Yasuhara Takao , Kin Kyohei , Yabuno Satoru , Sugahara Chiaki , Nagase Takayuki , Hosomoto Kakeru , Okazaki Yosuke , Tomita Yousuke , Umakoshi Michiari , Sasaki Tatsuya , Kameda Masahiro , Borlongan Cesario V. , Date Isao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsSB623 cells are human bone marrow stromal cells transfected with Notch1 intracellular domain. In this study, we examined potential regenerative mechanisms underlying stereotaxic transplantation of SB623 cells in rats with experimental acute ischemic stroke.MethodsWe prepared control group, empty capsule (EC) group, SB623 cell group (SB623), and encapsulated SB623 cell (eSB623) group. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on day 0, and 24 h after MCAO, stroke rats received transplantation into the envisioned ischemic penumbra. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was evaluated, and histological evaluations were performed.ResultsIn the mNSS, SB623 and eSB623 groups showed significant improvement compared to the other groups. Histological analysis revealed that the infarction area in SB623 and eSB623 groups was reduced. In the eSB623 group, robust cell viability and neurogenesis were detected in the subventricular zone that increased significantly compared to all other groups.ConclusionSB623 cells with or without encapsulation showed therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke. Encapsulated SB623 cells showed enhanced neurogenesis and increased viability inside the capsules. This study reveals the mechanism of secretory function of transplanted SB623 cells, but not cell–cell interaction as primarily mediating the cells' functional benefits in ischemic stroke.
A novel severe cerebral venous thrombosis rat model based on semi‐ligation combined with ferric chloride and thrombin
Authors: Xiao Lipo , Ji Xunming , Zhao Haiping , Luo Yumin , Hu Shuyuan , Zhao Tingyu , Hu Zeliang , Duan Jiangang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsAn applicable cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) model is imperative for exploring its pathophysiology. We established a novel severe CVST model using semi‐ligation, ferric chloride, and thrombin.MethodsA total of 138 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into semi‐ligation (n = 75) and non‐semi‐ligation (n = 63) groups. A sham group (n = 46) was also included. We compared short‐term and long‐term neurological and cognitive dysfunction, mortality rates, thrombus load, venous infarction volume, the blood–brain barrier permeability, brain water content, and microglia activation among the three groups.ResultsThrombi involving multiple venous sinuses appeared in all semi‐ligation rats within 2 days postoperatively. Compared with the non‐semi‐ligation group, short‐term and long‐term neurological dysfunction were more severe (p < 0.05), and thrombus weight, venous infarction volumes, and microglia activation were more significant (p < 0.05) in the semi‐ligation group. Further, the cognitive function of the semi‐ligation group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 21. Cumulative mortality rates between the semi‐ligation and non‐semi‐ligation groups did not differ significantly.ConclusionSemi‐ligation combined with ferric chloride and thrombin can produce a severe CVST model with multiple venous sinus involvement, which is suitable for short‐ and long‐term neurological and cognitive dysfunction assessment.
Modeling drivers of biodiversity change emphasizes the need for multivariate assessments and rescaled targeting for management
Authors: Dajka Jan‐Claas , di Carvalho Josie Antonucci , Ryabov Alexey , Scheiffarth Gregor , Rönn Lena , Dekker Rob , Peters Kimberley , Leberecht Bo , Hillebrand Helmut 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current policy and goals aimed to conserve biodiversity and manage biodiversity change are often formulated at the global scale. At smaller scales however, biodiversity change is more nuanced leading to a plethora of trends in different metrics of alpha diversity and temporal turnover. Therefore, large‐scale policy targets do not translate easily into local to regional management decisions for biodiversity. Using long‐term monitoring data from the Wadden Sea (Southern North Sea), joining structural equation models and general dissimilarity models enabled a better overview of the drivers of biodiversity change. Few commonalities emerged as birds, fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton differed in their response to certain drivers of change. These differences were additionally dependent upon the biodiversity aspect in question and which environmental data were recorded in each monitoring program. No single biodiversity metric or model sufficed to capture all ongoing change, which requires an explicitly multivariate approaches to biodiversity assessment in local ecosystem management.
Exploring the lived experiences of Indigenous Australians within the context of alcohol and other drugs treatment services: A scoping review
Authors: Heath Airin , Martin Mary Kristienne , Krakouer Jacynta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIssuesSubstance use among Indigenous peoples has been extensively researched in the Australian context. However, syntheses of existing research focused on Indigenous Australian peoples' experiences of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment are limited. This review sought to fill this gap.ApproachA scoping review using three databases, and the Google search engine, examined empirical and grey literature relating to Indigenous Australian peoples' lived experiences of accessing and undergoing AOD treatment. The review was not restricted to intervention type, treatment setting, substance, or individual characteristics (e.g., age or gender). The experiences of staff of Indigenous Australian service providers were excluded.Key FindingsTwenty‐seven articles were reviewed, with most research (n = 12) conducted in New South Wales. Our secondary analysis of existing research found three themes: the role of culture, the value of holistic strength‐based services, and the influence of organisational components for Indigenous Australian service users in AOD treatment settings.Implications and ConclusionDespite diversity of experiences, our review highlights the importance of integrating culture and facilitating holistic strength‐based approaches to AOD treatment for Indigenous Australian peoples. While our review is limited by the findings and biases contained within the literature reviewed, the paucity of literature relating to the experiences of Indigenous Australian peoples within AOD treatment settings warrants further attention.
Age at first alcohol‐related hospital separation or emergency department presentation and rate of re‐admission: A retrospective data linkage cohort of young Australians
Authors: Yuen Wing S. , Leung Janni , Man Nicola , Chiu Vivian , Gisev Natasa , Livingston Michael , Degenhardt Louisa , Farrell Michael , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Dobbins Timothy , Dunlop Adrian , Mattick Richard P. , Peacock Amy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol is a leading risk factor for death and disease in young people. We compare age‐specific characteristics of young people who experience their first (‘index’) alcohol‐related hospitalisation or emergency department (ED) presentation, and whether age at index predicts 12‐month rates of readmission.MethodsWe used a retrospective linked‐data cohort of 10,300 people aged 12–20 years with an index alcohol‐related hospital and/or ED record in New South Wales, Australia from 2005 to 2013. Age group (early adolescent [12–14 years], late adolescent [15–17 years], young adult [18–20 years]) and diagnosis fields were used in logistic regression analyses and to calculate incidence rates with adjustment for year of index event, sex, socioeconomic disadvantage and residence remoteness.ResultsPeople who experienced their index event in early adolescence (adjusted relative risk ratio [ARRR] 0.45 [95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.52]) or late adolescence (ARRR 0.82 [0.74, 0.90]) were less likely to be male compared to young adults. Early adolescents (ARRR 0.60 [0.51, 0.70]) and late adolescents (ARRR 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]) were less likely to have a hospitalisation index event. Early adolescents (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.40 [1.15, 1.71]) and late adolescents (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.16 [1.01, 1.34]) were more likely than young adults to have a subsequent 12‐month non‐poisoning injury ED presentation.Discussion and ConclusionsWe identified preventable hospital events in young people who have previously experienced an alcohol‐related ED presentation or hospitalisation, with age‐specific characteristics and outcomes that can be used to inform future health policy and service planning.
Liver fibrosis scores and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yan Zhiwei , Liu Yang , Li Wei , Zhao Xiaopeng , Lin Weichun , Zhang Jing , Yu Shuchun , Ma Jianyong , Wang Jingfeng , Yu Peng , Li Weiguang , Liu Xiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between liver fibrosis scores and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease remains unclear.MethodsSearching from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases yielded cohort studies that reported adjusted effect size between liver fibrosis scores (Fibrosis‐4 score [FIB‐4] or NAFLD fibrosis score [NFS]) and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. The effect size was computed using a random‐effects model.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included twelve cohort studies involving 25,252 patients with cardiovascular disease. Participants with the highest baseline level of FIB‐4 or NFS had a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events (FIB‐4, HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.53–2.00, I
2 = 0%; NFS, HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.50–2.47, I
2 = 47%). This finding was consistent with the analysis of FIB‐4 or NFS as a continuous variable (per 1‐unit increment FIB‐4, HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.24, I
2 = 72%; NFS, HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.24, I
2 = 71%). Furthermore, participants with the highest levels of FIB‐4 or NFS had a greater risk of cardiovascular mortality (FIB‐4, HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.19–3.61, I
2 = 89%; NFS, HR: 3.72, 95% CI: 2.62–5.29, I
2 = 60%) and all‐cause mortality (FIB‐4, HR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24–2.66, I
2 = 90%; NFS, HR: 3.49, 95% CI: 2.82–4.31, I
2 = 25%). This result was also consistent as a continuous variable.ConclusionHigher levels of FIB‐4 and NFS are related to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Understanding the relationship between dispersal and range size
Authors: Alzate Adriana , Onstein Renske E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe drivers of variability in species range sizes remain an outstanding enigma in ecology. The theoretical expectation of a positive dispersal‐range size relationship has received mixed empirical support, despite dispersal being one of the most prominent hypothesised predictors of range size. Here, we synthesised results from 86 studies examining the dispersal‐range size relationship for plants and animals in marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Overall, our meta‐analysis showed that dispersal positively affects range size, but its effect is dependent on the clade and dispersal proxy studied. Moreover, despite potential differences in habitat connectivity, we did not find an effect of realm on the dispersal‐range size relationship. Finally, the strength of the dispersal‐range size relationship was dependent on latitude, range size metric and the taxonomic breadth of the study clade. Our synthesis emphasizes the importance of developing a mechanistic understanding of the trait to dispersal to range size relationship, considering the complexity of dispersal departure, transfer and settlement, as well as evolutionary components such as time for range expansion, speciation and past geological–environmental dynamics. We, therefore, call for a more integrative view of the dispersal process and its causal relationship with range size.
Rescue therapies for seizure clusters: Pharmacology and target of treatments
Authors: Gidal Barry , Detyniecki Kamil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe primary goal of treatment for seizure clusters is cessation of the cluster to avoid progression to more severe conditions, such as prolonged seizures and status epilepticus. Rescue therapies are key components of treatment plans for patients with seizure clusters. Three rescue therapies are approved in the United States for the treatment of seizure clusters: diazepam rectal gel, midazolam nasal spray, and diazepam nasal spray. This review characterizes the pharmacological function of rescue therapies for seizure clusters, as well as describing γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor functions. GABAAreceptors are heteropentamers, consisting primarily of α1‐6, β1‐3, γ2, and δ subunits in the central nervous system. These subunits can traffic to and from the membrane to regulate membrane potential. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam and midazolam, are positive allosteric modulators of GABAAreceptors, the activation of which leads to an increase in intracellular chloride, hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, and a reduction in excitation. GABAAreceptor subunit mutations, dysregulation of trafficking, and degradation are associated with epilepsy. Although benzodiazepines are effective GABAAreceptor modulators, individual formulations have unique profiles in practice. Diazepam rectal gel is an effective rescue therapy for seizure clusters; however, adults and adolescents may have social reservations regarding its administration. Intranasal delivery of midazolam or diazepam is a promising alternative to rectal administration because these formulations offer easy, socially acceptable administration and exhibit a rapid onset. Off‐label benzodiazepines, such as orally disintegrating lorazepam and intranasal use of an intravenous formulation of midazolam via nasal atomizer, are less well characterized regarding bioavailability and tolerability compared with approved agents.
Introduction to use of an acute seizure action plan for seizure clusters and guidance for implementation
Authors: Patel Anup D. , Becker Danielle A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is important for patients with epilepsy and their caregivers, including care partners, to understand the patient's seizure clusters and what to do when they occur. In many instances, seizure clusters are unique to each patient. The knowledge gained from understanding a patient's seizure cluster or seizure pattern provides a foundation for taking prompt action to prevent worsening to prolonged seizures, status epilepticus, and potentially death. Seizure action plans (SAPs), which are similar to the disease‐related treatment action plans for other conditions, can be developed by a health care provider (HCP) in conjunction with the patient with epilepsy and/or caregivers, and SAPs are specifically customized for the individual patient and his or her seizure management. However, the current literature lacks unified guidance on how to design SAPs that will help prepare patients and caregivers for rapidly determining and initiating appropriate treatment of acute seizure emergencies in the community and at home. Here, we examine the current usage and value of SAPs for pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy, and we introduce the concept of the acute SAP (ASAP) for use specifically during seizure emergencies, such as seizure clusters. This type of standardized, simplified, and customized plan can rapidly and concisely provide patients and caregivers with a practical protocol to treat a seizure cluster consistently, appropriately, and in a timely manner. Details on potential content and formats of ASAPs are provided. Following this is a discussion of barriers to ASAP use that may affect HCPs or patients and caregivers, including lack of standardization, relevance, and personalization and pitfalls associated with technology. This leads into a discussion of guidance for developing, implementing, and updating ASAPs that suggests ways to address the barriers and ensure that the ASAP is best suited to the patient's needs.
Poor performance in the horse: Diagnosing the non‐orthopaedic causes
Authors: Ellis Katherine L. , Contino Erin K. , Nout‐Lomas Yvette S. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPoor performance and gait deficits in the equine athlete are most commonly caused by lameness of orthopaedic origin; however, there are numerous other potential sources that should be taken into consideration. This review describes the clinical signs and diagnostic tests for non‐orthopaedic causes of poor performance and gait deficits in the equine athlete.
Conventional imaging is useful for assessment of equine pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma but underestimates bone involvement
Authors: Vandersmissen Maxime , Etienne Anne‐Laure , Dancot Michaël , Evrard Laurence , Beccati Francesca , Grulke Sigrid , Busoni Valeria 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma is the most common pharyngeal neoplasm but is poorly documented with diagnostic imaging in veterinary literature.ObjectivesTo describe the diagnostic imaging findings in horses with confirmed pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsHorses with a definitive diagnosis of pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on in situ biopsy and/or cytology were identified in 2 different centres. Multi‐modality imaging findings are reported.ResultsSix equids were included. On radiographic examination, increased pharyngeal opacity and reduction of pharyngeal lumen were observed in all horses, centred on the oropharynx (three cases), the laryngopharynx (two cases) or the nasopharynx (one case). A clearly delineated mass was visualised in four cases. Additional radiographic findings were border effacement of the epiglottis (5/6) or soft palate (3/6), thickening of the pharyngeal walls (4/6) or soft palate (3/6) and suspected retropharyngeal lymphadenomegaly (3/6). Ultrasonography was useful to highlight retropharyngeal (4/6) and mandibular (4/6) lymphadenopathy suggestive of metastatic dissemination. Computed tomographic images were available for two horses and detected bone lysis not visible on radiographs.Main limitationsThe number of cases was low, and computed tomography was not realised in all cases.ConclusionsFindings support the usefulness of radiography and ultrasonography in horses with suspected pharyngeal neoplasia for a first‐line imaging diagnosis, in particular when endoscopy is impaired by a mass effect or dyspnoea. Computed tomography gives a more accurate assessment of bone involvement.