bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 booster vaccination against the Omicron and Delta variants in England
Authors: Kirsebom Freja Cordelia Møller , Andrews Nick , Sachdeva Ruchira , Stowe Julia , Ramsay Mary , Lopez Bernal Jamie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the availability of the ChAdOx1-S booster vaccine, little is known about the real-world effectiveness although clinical trials have demonstrated enhanced immunity following a ChAdOx1-S booster. In England 43,171 individuals received a ChAdOx1-S booster whilst 13,038,908 individuals received BNT162b2 in the same period. ChAdOx1-S booster recipients were more likely to be female (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.67 (1.64-1.71)), in a clinical risk group (adjusted OR 1.58 (1.54-1.63)), in the clinically extremely vulnerable group (adjusted OR 1.84 (1.79-1.89)) or severely immunosuppressed (adjusted OR 2.05 (1.96-2.13)). The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 boosters is estimated here using a test-negative case-control study. Protection against symptomatic disease with the Omicron variant peaks at 66.1% (16.6 to 86.3%) and 68.5% (65.7 to 71.2%) for the ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 boosters in older adults. Protection against hospitalisation peaks at 82.3% (64.2 to 91.3%) and 90.9% (88.7 to 92.7%). For Delta, effectiveness against hospitalisation is 80.9% (15.6% to 95.7%) and 93.9% (92.8% to 94.9%) after ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 booster vaccination. This study supports the consideration of ChAdOx1-S booster vaccination for protection against severe COVID-19 in settings yet to offer boosters and suggests that individuals who received a ChAdOx1-S booster do not require re-vaccination ahead of others.
SIRT7 suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions in mice
Authors: Yoshizawa Tatsuya , Sato Yoshifumi , Sobuz Shihab U. , Mizumoto Tomoya , Tsuyama Tomonori , Karim Md. Fazlul , Miyata Keishi , Tasaki Masayoshi , Yamazaki Masaya , Kariba Yuichi , Araki Norie , Araki Eiichi , Kajimura Shingo , Oike Yuichi , Braun Thomas , Bober Eva , Auwerx Johan , Yamagata Kazuya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrown adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of the energy balance by expending energy to produce heat. NAD+-dependent deacylase sirtuins have widely been recognized as positive regulators of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, here we reveal that SIRT7, one of seven mammalian sirtuins, suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions. Whole-body and brown adipose tissue-specific Sirt7 knockout mice have higher body temperature and energy expenditure. SIRT7 deficiency increases the protein level of UCP1, a key regulator of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that SIRT7 deacetylates insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2, an RNA-binding protein that inhibits the translation of Ucp1 mRNA, thereby enhancing its inhibitory action on Ucp1. Furthermore, SIRT7 attenuates the expression of batokine genes, such as fibroblast growth factor 21. In conclusion, we propose that SIRT7 serves as an energy-saving factor by suppressing brown adipose tissue functions.
Strain control of hybridization between dark and localized excitons in a 2D semiconductor
Authors: Hernández López Pablo , Heeg Sebastian , Schattauer Christoph , Kovalchuk Sviatoslav , Kumar Abhijeet , Bock Douglas J. , Kirchhof Jan N. , Höfer Bianca , Greben Kyrylo , Yagodkin Denis , Linhart Lukas , Libisch Florian , Bolotin Kirill I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMechanical strain is a powerful tuning knob for excitons, Coulomb-bound electron–hole complexes dominating optical properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. While the strain response of bright free excitons is broadly understood, the behaviour of dark free excitons (long-lived excitations that generally do not couple to light due to spin and momentum conservation) or localized excitons related to defects remains mostly unexplored. Here, we study the strain behaviour of these fragile many-body states on pristine suspended WSe2 kept at cryogenic temperatures. We find that under the application of strain, dark and localized excitons in monolayer WSe2—a prototypical 2D semiconductor—are brought into energetic resonance, forming a new hybrid state that inherits the properties of the constituent species. The characteristics of the hybridized state, including an order-of-magnitude enhanced light/matter coupling, avoided-crossing energy shifts, and strain tunability of many-body interactions, are all supported by first-principles calculations. The hybridized excitons reported here may play a critical role in the operation of single quantum emitters based on WSe2. Furthermore, the techniques we developed may be used to fingerprint unidentified excitonic states.
A smart adhesive Janus hydrogel for non-invasive cardiac repair and tissue adhesion prevention
Authors: He Yutong , Li Qian , Chen Pinger , Duan Qixiang , Zhan Jiamian , Cai Xiaohui , Wang Leyu , Hou Honghao , Qiu Xiaozhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultifunctional hydrogel with asymmetric and reversible adhesion characteristics is essential to handle the obstructions towards bioapplications of trauma removal and postoperative tissue synechia. Herein, we developed a responsively reversible and asymmetrically adhesive Janus hydrogel that enables on-demand stimuli-triggered detachment for efficient myocardial infarction (MI) repair, and synchronously prevents tissue synechia and inflammatory intrusion after surgery. In contrast with most irreversibly and hard-to-removable adhesives, this Janus hydrogel exhibited a reversible adhesion capability and can be noninvasively detached on-demand just by slight biologics. It is interesting that the adhesion behaves exhibited a molecularly encoded adhesion-adaptive stiffening feature similar to the self-protective stress–strain effect of biological tissues. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that Janus hydrogel can promote the maturation and functions of cardiomyocytes, and facilitate MI repair by reducing oxidative damage and inflammatory response, reconstructing electrical conduction and blood supply in infarcted area. Furthermore, no secondary injury and tissue synechia were triggered after transplantation of Janus hydrogel. This smart Janus hydrogel reported herein offers a potential strategy for clinically transformable cardiac patch and anti-postoperative tissue synechia barrier.
Non-reciprocal multifarious self-organization
Authors: Osat Saeed , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA hallmark of living systems is the ability to employ a common set of building blocks that can self-organize into a multitude of different structures. This capability can only be afforded in non-equilibrium conditions, as evident from the energy-consuming nature of the plethora of such dynamical processes. To achieve automated dynamical control of such self-assembled structures and transitions between them, we need to identify the fundamental aspects of non-equilibrium dynamics that can enable such processes. Here we identify programmable non-reciprocal interactions as a tool to achieve such functionalities. The design rule is composed of reciprocal interactions that lead to the equilibrium assembly of the different structures, through a process denoted as multifarious self-assembly, and non-reciprocal interactions that give rise to non-equilibrium dynamical transitions between the structures. The design of such self-organized shape-shifting structures can be implemented at different scales, from nucleic acids and peptides to proteins and colloids.
Shallow magmatic intrusion evolution below La Palma before and during the 2021 eruption
Authors: Fernández José , Escayo Joaquin , Camacho Antonio G. , Palano Mimmo , Prieto Juan F. , Hu Zhongbo , Samsonov Sergey V. , Tiampo Kristy F. , Ancochea Eumenio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLa Palma, Canary Islands, underwent volcanic unrest which culminated in its largest historical eruption. We study this unrest along 2021 using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and a new improved interpretation methodology, comparing achieved results with the crustal structure. We reproduce the final phase of La Palma volcanic unrest, highligthing a shallow magma accumulation which begins about 3.5 months before the eruption in a crustal volume charactherized by low density and fractured rocks. Our modeling, together with our improved pictures of the crustal structure, allows us to explain the location and characteristics of the eruption and to detect failed eruption paths. These can be used to explain post-eruptive phenomena and hazards to the local population, such as detected gases anomalies in La Bombilla and Puerto Naos. Our results have implications for understanding volcanic activity in the Canaries and volcano monitoring elsewhere, helping to support decision-making and providing significant insights into urban and infrastructure planning in volcanic areas.
Time-of-flight spectroscopy for laser-driven proton beam monitoring
Authors: Reimold Marvin , Assenbaum Stefan , Bernert Constantin , Beyreuther Elke , Brack Florian-Emanuel , Karsch Leonhard , Kraft Stephan D. , Kroll Florian , Loeser Markus , Nossula Alexej , Pawelke Jörg , Püschel Thomas , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Schramm Ulrich , Umlandt Marvin E. P. , Zeil Karl , Ziegler Tim , Metzkes-Ng Josefine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractApplication experiments with laser plasma-based accelerators (LPA) for protons have to cope with the inherent fluctuations of the proton source. This creates a demand for non-destructive and online spectral characterization of the proton pulses, which are for application experiments mostly spectrally filtered and transported by a beamline. Here, we present a scintillator-based time-of-flight (ToF) beam monitoring system (BMS) for the recording of single-pulse proton energy spectra. The setup’s capabilities are showcased by characterizing the spectral stability for the transport of LPA protons for two beamline application cases. For the two beamline settings monitored, data of 122 and 144 proton pulses collected over multiple days were evaluated, respectively. A relative energy uncertainty of 5.5% (1$$\upsigma$$
σ
) is reached for the ToF BMS, allowing for a Monte-Carlo based prediction of depth dose distributions, also used for the calibration of the device. Finally, online spectral monitoring combined with the prediction of the corresponding depth dose distribution in the irradiated samples is demonstrated to enhance applicability of plasma sources in dose-critical scenarios.
Strong resonance response with ultrahigh quality factor in grating-multilayer systems based on quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Ruan Yuhang , Li Yuke , Hu Zhengda , Wang Jicheng , Wang Yixiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOptical bound states in the continuum (BICs) exist in many photonic crystals and periodic structures with a strong resonance and ultrahigh Q factor. Such phenomena can be used in the designs of narrowband transmission filters, lasers, and sensors. In this paper, we consider the energy bands of a complex structure consisting of a grating and a multilayer substructure to obtain the position of the BIC in the structure. Hence, the higher Q factor can be obtained in the grating-multilayer structure than can be realized in the simple grating geometry. We analyze the wave propagation process in the complex structure and the change in the Q value via the use of transmission matrix theory. In addition, the reflectance spectrum is found to exhibit a series of asymmetric line-shapes with different values of the asymmetry parameter, δ, due to the interference between the two channels. One of these channels is the broadband channel, induced by the Fabry–Perot resonance, and the other channel is the narrowband channel, induced by guided mode resonance. Quasi-BICs are seen to transform into BICs as the value of δ is decreased gradually to zero. Therefore, a large Goos–Hänchen shift can be achieved as a result of the high Q factor and quasi-BIC. This work designs a complex structure with ultrahigh Q factor and strong resonance properties, which has significant implications for exploring the phenomenon of BICs.
Morphometric analysis of paired fibula and mandible for optimal fibular mandibular reconstruction in a Chinese population
Authors: Ma Xiaojie , Wang Zhuo , Wan Jinbo , Xu Jiamin , Wang Haoran , Bian Yifeng , Wan Linzhong , Du Yifei , Wang Yuli , Yuan Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo analyze the morphology of paired fibula and mandible aiming to choose optimal fibular segments for mandibular reconstruction in a Chinses population. A total of 118 cases of paired mandible and fibula was collected. All patients were received preoperative cone beam CT (CBCT) scans for mandibular evaluation and CT-angiographical (CTA) examination of the bilateral lower legs, respectively. The cross-sectional morphological differences between proximal (Side P), middle (Side M) and distal (Side D) segments of fibula and anterior, premolar and molar areas of mandible were compared. The most frequent cross-sectional shape at Side D, Side M and Side P portion of fibula was circular (75.4%), triangular (67.8%) and circular (49.2%), respectively. In anterior, premolar and molar areas of mandible, the most of the cross-section was s-shape (90.82%), straight (83.64%) and oblique (91.89%), respectively. The height and width of upper one third (W1) at Side M were significantly larger than those of Side D and Side P (p < 0.0001). There was significantly difference of width of lower one third (W2) among three groups (p < 0.0001). As for the height and widths of mandible, there was significant difference among anterior, premolar and molar regions (p < 0.0001). The rate of height between Side M of fibula and mandible (H (Side M/area)) was significantly larger than H (Side D/area) and H (Side P/area) (p < 0.01). The ratio of W1 between Side D of fibula and mandible (W1 (Side D/area)) was significantly larger than that of W1 (Side M/area) and W1 (side P/area) (p < 0.05). As for the ratio of W2 between fibula and mandible (W2 (plane/area)), there was significant difference among groups (p < 0.01). The distal and middle segments of fibula were suitable for reconstructing the anterior area of mandible and the proximal segment of fibula was more compatible with the premolar and molar areas of mandible.Clinical Relevance Presurgical morphometric analysis of paired fibula and mandible aids for optimal fibular-based mandibular reconstruction.
Chronic GPER activation prompted the proliferation of ileal stem cell in ovariectomized mice depending on Paneth cell–derived Wnt3
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Liu Kaixuan , Chai Shiquan , Xu Runze , Wang Ying , Zhang Yundi , Wang Shuanglian , Liu Chuanyong , Xue Bing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Menopausal women often face long-term estrogen treatment. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expressed in intestinal crypt was activated by estrogen therapy, but it was unclear whether chronic GPER activation during menopause had an effect on intestinal stem cells (ISCs). We tested the effect of chronic GPER activation on ISCs of ovariectomized (OVX) mice by injection of the selective GPER agonist G-1 for 28 days, or G-1 stimulation of organoids derived from crypts of OVX mice. G-1 up-regulated crypt depth, the number of Ki67+, bromodeoxyuridine+ cells and Olfm4+ ISCs, and the expression of ISCs marker genes (Lgr5, Olfm4 and Axin2). G-1 administration promoted organoid growth, increased the number of EdU+ cells per organoid and protein expression of Cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 in organoids. After G-1 treatment in vivo or in vitro, Paneth cell–derived Wnt3, Wnt3 effector β-catenin and Wnt target genes c-Myc and Cyclin D1 increased in ileum or organoids. Once blocking the secretion of Wnt3 from Paneth cells, the effects of G-1 on organoids growth, ISCs marker genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were abolished. G-1 did not affect the number of Paneth cells in ex vivo organoids, while activated Mmp7/cryptdin program in Paneth cells, promoted their maturation, and increased the expression of lysozyme protein. G-1 pretreatment in OVX mice inhibited radiation-induced ISCs proliferation injury and enhanced the resistance of mice to intestinal injury. In conclusion, chronic GPER activation prompted the Wnt3 synthesis in Paneth cells, thus increased the proliferation of ISCs via activation of Wnt3/β-catenin signaling in OVX mice.
Mandarin de-adjectival degree achievements as inchoative statives
Authors: Zhang Anqi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mandarin degree adjectives can give rise to a degree achievement reading with the perfective marker le. In this paper, I argue that de-adjectival degree achievements in Mandarin are inchoative statives, whose core meaning component is a reflexive comparative that compares the present state with a previous state in some property of the same individual. My new analysis better captures the facts that de-adjectival degree achievements show variable telicity, that they give rise to stative readings with duration phrases, and that they are compatible with time as a comparative standard. Because the comparison is between two states at different times, a degree-achievement reading can be inferred even though the predicate is stative in semantics.
The Oblique Alfvén Ion Beam Instability in the Earth's Ion Foreshock
Authors: Yao Yuhang , Zhao Jinsong , Xie Huasheng , Liu Wen , Wu Dejin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
How ions evolve in the Earth’s ion foreshock is a basic problem in the heliosphere community, and the ion beam instability is usually proposed to be one major mechanism affecting the ion dynamics therein. This work will perform comprehensive analyses of the oblique ion beam instability in the Earth’s ion foreshock. We show that in addition to two well-known parallel instabilities (i.e., the parallel fast-magnetosonic whistler instability and the parallel Alfvén ion cyclotron instability), the oblique Alfvén ion beam (OA/IB) instability can also be triggered by free energy relating to the relative drift dV between the solar wind proton and reflected proton populations. For slow dV (e.g., dV ≲ 2.2V

A
, where V

A
denotes the Alfvén speed), it only triggers the OA/IB instability. When dV ≳ 2.2V

A
, the growth rate in the OA/IB instability can be about 0.6 times the maximum growth rate in parallel instabilities. Moreover, this work finds the existence of two types of OA/IB instabilities. The first one appears at slow dV and in the small wavenumber region at fast dV, and this instability can be described by the cold fluid model. The second one arises in large wavenumber regions at fast dV, and this instability only appears in warm plasmas. Furthermore, through the energy transfer rate method, we propose that the OA/IB instability is driven by the competition among the Landau and cyclotron wave-particle interactions of beam protons, the cyclotron wave-particle interaction of core protons, and the Landau wave-particle interaction of electrons. Because oblique waves can experience significant damping, the importance of the OA/IB instability may be the effective heating of ions in the Earth’s foreshock.
Game Theory Survey: Voting Methods of Preferential Ballot
Authors: Wang Yujie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is a survey focuses on seven basic Voting Methods for Preferential Ballots. The purpose is to give a pellucid illustration of these Methods in consideration of Game Theory, and understand their intrinsic and associative properties. In order to understand these Methods and their efficacy, multiple techniques, such as Mathematical Modeling and Computer Programming, are used for evaluation and comparison. The ultimate goal is to find a Voting Methods which elect the most democratic winner.
Cauchy Integral Theorem and its Applications
Authors: Du Jun , Lu Sicen , Yang Tianyi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Italian mathematicians Girolamo Cardano and Raphael Bombelli made the initial dis covery of complex numbers somewhere in the 16th century while attempting to solve a algebra icquestion. The relevance of complex analysis in mathematics, physics, and engineering is incre asing now after hundreds of years of growth, particularly in the areas of algebraic geometry, flu id dynamics, quantum mechanics, and other relatedtopics. This paper discusses three aspects of integration of complex functions, properties and valuation of complex line integral, and Cauchy’s Theorem and its applications. It mainly gives a detailed definition of complex integrals, clarifies the properties of operations such as indefinite integrals and integral paths, and briefly lists several applications of Cauchy’s theorem and proves them. Several theorems are proved from Cauchy’s theorem, Local existence of primitives and Cauchy’s theorem in a disc, and Cauchy’s integral formulas.
A Genelization of Subgroups
Authors: Li Ruichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Group theory is an important branch of mathematics. It has important applications in many disciplines, such as in physics, chemistry and quantum mechanics. The aim of this document is to provide readers with a greater understanding of the basic knowledge of group theory. Specifically, firstly, the concepts and properties of different types of groups, subgroups and the definition of coset are introduced, which will be used in the next section. Besides, several examples including groups, finite groups, infinite groups, subgroups and abelian groups are listed. Then, a discussion of the two simple theorems and some lemmas will be showed so that readers can be familiar with the properties of groups. This discussion will deepen the understanding of maximal subgroups. This paper investigates the basic definitions and theorems of group theory. In the future, more researchers can pay attention to group theory and the application of group theory in more areas.
Modeling of a Planetary Relay Station in Improving Deep-Space Probe Telecommunication Performance
Authors: Liu Zhuoyuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For a deep-space probe(DSP), such as the Voyager, over an extremely far distance to transmit data back to Earth more efficiently, a model that adds one planet-based repeater(PBR) in the transmission path is developed. Firstly, a general model of the direct transmission link of any DSP is analyzed. Secondly, a general model of the relayed link is evaluated, with special cases considered. Then the simulation is conducted based on available technologies and statistics, and the results of the performance optimize the model and validate that the relayed link is effective. The conclusion is reached that, under certain constraints, a PBR located on Mars could provide the highest performance advantage over the direct link.
Review of ANC Algorithm
Authors: Diao Zhuo , Jin Conghao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the contemporary society, the ANC (active noise cancellation) technology has become more and more popular. It has grown from its originally military and industry fields into commercial fields, and it is still being implemented into more and more areas and fields. In this paper, we briefly introduce some principal of ANC algorithms and contrast their results with the traditional ones and focus on challenges for future applications.