bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal removal capability of two cyanobacterial species in autotrophic and mixotrophic mode of nutrition
Authors: Ghorbani Elham , Nowruzi Bahareh , Nezhadali Masoumeh , Hekmat Azadeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCyanobacteria are ecologically significant prokaryotes that can be found in heavy metals contaminated environments. As their photosynthetic machinery imposes high demands for metals, homeostasis of these micronutrients has been extensively considered in cyanobacteria. Recently, most studies have been focused on different habitats using microalgae leads to a remarkable reduction of an array of organic and inorganic nutrients, but what takes place in the extracellular environment when cells are exposed to external supplementation with heavy metals remains largely unknown.MethodsHere, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in strainsNostocsp. N27P72 andNostocsp. FB71 was isolated from different habitats and thenthe results were compared and reported.ResultCultures of both strains, supplemented separately with either glucose, sucrose, lactose, or maltose showed that production of EPS and cell dry weight were boosted by maltose supplementation. The production of EPS (9.1 ± 0.05 μg/ml) and increase in cell dry weight (1.01 ± 0.06 g/l) were comparatively high inNostocsp. N27P72 which was isolated from lime stones.The cultures were evaluated for their ability to remove Cu (II), Cr (III), and Ni (II) in culture media with and without maltose. The crude EPS showed metal adsorption capacity assuming the order Ni (II) > Cu (II) > Cr (III) from the metal-binding experiments.Nickel was preferentially biosorbed with a maximal uptake of 188.8 ± 0.14 mg (g cell dry wt)−1crude EPS. We found that using maltose as a carbon source can increase the production of EPS, protein, and carbohydrates content and it could be a significant reason for the high ability of metal absorbance. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the treatment with Ni can change the functional groups and glycoside linkages in both strains. Results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to determine the biochemical composition ofNostocsp. N27P72, showed that strong Ni (II) removal capability could be associated with the high silicon containing heterocyclic compound and aromatic diacid compounds content.ConclusionThe results of this studyindicatede that strainsNostocsp. N27P72 can be a good candidate for the commercial production of EPS and might be utilized in bioremediation field as an alternative to synthetic and abiotic flocculants.
Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveal MdWRKY75 associated with sucrose accumulation in postharvest ‘Honeycrisp’ apples with bitter pit
Authors: Sun Chen , Zhang Weiwei , Qu Haiyong , Yan Longfei , Li Lixia , Zhao Yuqi , Yang Hongqiang , Zhang Hua , Yao Gaifang , Hu Kangdi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Calcium (Ca) deficiency can cause apple bitter pit, reduce the quality and shelf life. WRKY transcription factors play essential role in plant response to multiple disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms causing bitter pit in apple fruit due to Ca deficiency during storage is extremely limited.

Results
In the present study, the nutritional metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were compared in Ca-deficient and healthy apple fruit (CK) during storage. Results showed that Ca-deficient apples sustained significantly higher production of ROS, PPO activity, flavonoids, total phenol, total soluble solids (TSS), and sucrose contents, but the contents of Ca, H2O2, titratable acids (TA), glucose and fructose were significantly lower than those of CK during storage. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that TSS, •O2−, PPO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ca were the main factors, and TSS had a positive correlation with sucrose. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that WRKYs were co-expressed with sucrose metabolism-related enzymes (SWEETs, SS, SPS). qRT-PCR and correlation analysis indicated that MdWRKY75 was correlated positively with MdSWEET1. Moreover, transient overexpression of MdWRKY75 could significantly increase the sucrose content and promote the expression of MdSWEET1 in apple fruit.

Conclusions
Calcium deficiency could decrease antioxidant capacity, accelerate nutritional metabolism and up-regulate the expression of WRKYs in apple with bitter pit. Overexpression of MdWRKY75 significantly increased sucrose accumulation and the expression of MdSWEET1. These findings further strengthened knowledge of the basic molecular mechanisms in calcium deficiency apple flesh and contributed to improving the nutritional quality of apple fruit.
Cultural attributes of suicidal ideation among older immigrants: a qualitative study
Authors: Li Mengting , Bergren Stephanie , Simon Melissa , Dong XinQi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is a large and growing public health problem. Little is known about the attributes of suicidal ideation (SI) in the contexts of immigration. This qualitative study aims to explore immigration- and acculturation-related attributes of SI among older immigrants.MethodsA qualitative semi-structured interview design. Interview were conducted with 57 older Chinese immigrants in Chicago with self-reported SI in the past month.ResultsIn addition to attributes of SI which have been well documented in the literature, we identified immigration- and acculturation-related attributes, including linguistic and cultural barriers of being integrated to the receiving communities, acculturation gaps in intergenerational support, and uselessness.ConclusionsFindings of the study highlight the intersectionality of race, culture, and aging regarding SI, which are essential to improve recognition and understanding of SI among immigrant populations.
Sarcopenia as a novel prognostic factor in the patients of primary localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Song He , Xiao Xianhao , Liu Gang , Zhou Jianping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia predicts poor prognosis of a variety of gastrointestinal malignancies. However, there is a lack of study on the association between skeletal muscle index (SMI) and the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The aim of this study is to develop a novel nomogram based on sarcopenia for GIST patients to predict overall survival (OS).

Methods
SMI was measured by computed tomography scan of 107 patients who underwent resection for primary localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Sarcopenia was defined by cutoff values for SMI as 40.1 cm2/m2 and 39.8 cm2/m2 using optimum stratification for males and females respectively. Factors were included in the nomogram were specified by univariate and multiple Cox proportional hazard analysis. Concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves were conducted to measure the discrimination and accuracy of the nomogram. The utility of the nomogram was assessed by the decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
Twenty-eight (26.2%) of 107 patients were sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was correlated significantly with body mass index, albumin, female sex, resection style, mitotic index, rupture status, survival. Sarcopenia was significantly related to decreased overall survival (p = 0.003).The nomogram including sarcopenia status, resection style and mitotic index had an excellent discrimination with C-index 0.794. The calibration curves represented a good accordance between the actual observation and nomogram prediction for overall survival. Decision curve analysis illustrated that the nomogram was helpful in clinic.

Conclusions
We developed a nomogram based on sarcopenia to predict overall survival after resection of GISTs which is an effective and favorable prognostication tool.
Perspectives on Resuscitation Decisions at the Margin of Viability among Specialist Newborn Care Providers in Ghana and Ethiopia: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Rent Sharla , Bakari Ashura , Aynalem Haimanot Sara , Deribessa Solomie Jebessa , Plange-Rhule Gyikua , Bockarie Yemah , Moyer Cheryl A. , Kukora Stephanie K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In high income countries, guidelines exist recommending gestational age thresholds for offering and obligating neonatal resuscitation for extremely preterm infants. In low- and middle- income countries, this approach may be impractical due to limited/inconsistent resource availability and challenges in gestational dating. Scant literature exists on how clinicians in these settings conceptualize viability or make resuscitation decisions for premature infants.

Methods
Qualitative interviews of interprofessional neonatal clinicians were conducted in Kumasi, Ghana, at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Suntreso Government Hospital, and in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College. Transcribed interviews were coded through the constant comparative method.

Results
Three discrete major themes were identified. The principal theme was a respect for all life, regardless of the likelihood for survival. This sense of duty arose from a duty to God, a duty to the patient, and a duty intrinsic to one’s role as a medical provider. The duty to resuscitate was balanced by the second major theme, an acceptance of futility for many premature infants. Lack of resources, inappropriate staffing, and historically high local neonatal mortality rates were often described. The third theme was a desire to meet global standards of newborn care, including having resources to adopt the 22–25-week thresholds used in high income countries and being able to consistently provide life-saving measures to premature infants.

Conclusions
Neonatal clinicians in Ghana and Ethiopia described respect for all life and desire to meet global standards of newborn care, balanced with an awareness of futility based on local resource limitations. In both countries, clinicians highlighted how wide variations in regional survival outcomes limited their ability to rely on structured resuscitation guidelines based on gestational age and/or birthweight.
Comparing gender-specific suicide mortality rate trends in the United States and Lithuania, 1990–2019: putting one of the “deaths of despair” into perspective
Authors: Lange Shannon , Rehm Jürgen , Tran Alexander , L. Bagge Courtney , Jasilionis Domantas , Kaplan Mark S. , Meščeriakova-Veliulienė Olga , Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Probst Charlotte 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe increase in the suicide mortality rate among middle-aged adults in the United States (US) has been well documented. Aside from a few studies from the United Kingdom, it is unclear whether the suicide mortality rate trend in the US is also occurring in other developed countries. Accordingly, we aimed to compare the suicide mortality rate trends over the past 30 years in the US to a country in the European Union–Lithuania.MethodsJoinpoint regression analyses were performed to identify secular trends in the gender-specific age-standardized suicide mortality rate among individuals 15 + years of age, as well as middle-aged adults (45–54 years of age), and suicide mortality rate ratio for men-to-women.ResultsAge-standardized suicide mortality rates among middle-aged adults in the US increased annually, on average, by 0.89% (95% CI: 0.66%, 1.12%) among men and 1.21% (95% CI: 0.75%, 1.66%) among women between 1990 and 2019. In contrast to the US, there was an overall downward trend in the suicide mortality rates among middle-aged adults in Lithuania across the study period. The average annual percent change in the suicide mortality rate ratio for men-to-women were not statistically significant for either country.ConclusionThe suicide mortality rate trend in the US does not appear to be an indicator of an upcoming global trend, but rather should be regarded as a cautionary example of what other countries should strive to avoid.
Effects of the 2018 Japan Floods on long-term care insurance costs in Japan: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Kashima Saori , Ishii Shinya , Koike Soichi , Matsumoto Masatoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of torrential rains and floods around the world. Estimating the costs of these disasters is one of the five global research priorities identified by WHO. The 2018 Japan Floods hit western Japan causing extensive destruction and many deaths, especially among vulnerable elderly. Such affected elderly would need long-term care due to the various health problems caused by the disaster. A Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) system provides care services in Japan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the 2018 Japan Floods on LTCI costs and service utilization.

Methods
The participants of this retrospective cohort study were all verified persons utilizing LTCI services in Hiroshima, Okayama and Ehime prefectures. The observation period was from 2 months before to 6 months after the disaster. We used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) to examine the association between disaster status (victims or non-victims) and the monthly total costs of LTCI service (with gamma-distribution/log-link) by residential environment (home or facility). Among home residents, we also examined each service utilization (home-based service, short-stay service and facility service), using the GEEs. After the GEEs, we estimated Average Marginal Effects (AME) over all observation periods by months as the attributable disaster effect.

Results
The total number of participants was 279,578. There were 3024 flood victims. The disaster was associated with significantly higher total costs. The AME for home residents at 2 months after was $214 (Standard Error (SE): 12, p < 0.001), which was the highest through the observation period. Among facility residents, the AME immediately after the disaster increased by up to $850 (SE: 29, p < 0.001). The service utilization among home residents showed a different trend for each service. The AME of home-based services decreased by up to − 15.2% (SE:1.3, p < 0.001). The AME for short-stay service increased by up to 8.2% (SE: 0.9, p < 0.001) and the AME for facility service increased by up to 7.4% (SE: 0.7, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
The 2018 Japan Floods caused an increase in LTCI costs and the utilization of short-stay and facility services, and a decrease in utilization of home-based services.
Moderating or mediating effects of family characteristics on socioeconomic inequalities in child health in high-income countries – a scoping review
Authors: Hoffmann Stephanie , Sander Lydia , Wachtler Benjamin , Blume Miriam , Schneider Sven , Herke Max , Pischke Claudia R. , Fialho Paula Mayara Matos , Schuettig Wiebke , Tallarek Marie , Lampert Thomas , Spallek Jacob 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
By explaining the development of health inequalities, eco-social theories highlight the importance of social environments that children are embedded in. The most important environment during early childhood is the family, as it profoundly influences children’s health through various characteristics. These include family processes, family structure/size, and living conditions, and are closely linked to the socioeconomic position (SEP) of the family. Although it is known that the SEP contributes to health inequalities in early childhood, the effects of family characteristics on health inequalities remain unclear. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise existing research on the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on socioeconomic health inequalities (HI) during early childhood in high-income countries.

Methods
This review followed the methodology of “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews”. To identify German and English scientific peer-reviewed literature published from January 1st, 2000, to December 19th, 2019, the following search term blocks were linked with the logical operator “AND”: (1) family structure/size, processes, living conditions, (2) inequalities, disparities, diversities, (3) income, education, occupation, (4) health and (5) young children. The search covered the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus.

Results
The search yielded 7,089 records. After title/abstract and full-text screening, only ten peer-reviewed articles were included in the synthesis, which analysed the effects of family characteristics on HI in early childhood. Family processes (i.e., rules /descriptive norms, stress, parental screen time, parent–child conflicts) are identified to have mediating or moderating effects. While families’ living conditions (i.e., TVs in children’s bedrooms) are suggested as mediating factors, family structure/size (i.e., single parenthood, number of children in the household) appear to moderate health inequalities.

Conclusion
Family characteristics contribute to health inequalities in early childhood. The results provide overall support of models of family stress and family investment. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of family health literacy, regarding a wide range of children’s health outcomes (e.g., oral health, inflammation parameters, weight, and height), and the development of health inequalities over the life course starting at birth.
Fatal drowning statistics from the Netherlands – an example of an aggregated demographic profile
Authors: Bierens Joost , Hoogenboezem Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Incompleteness of fatal drowning statistics is a familiar problem impeding public health measures. Part of the problem may be that only data on accidental drowning are used and not the full potential of accessible data.

Methods
This study combines cause-of-death certificates and public prosecutor’s court documents between 1998 and 2017 to obtain an aggregated profile. Data are also used as a basis for a trend analysis.

Results
The dataset includes 5571 drowned persons (1.69 per 100,000). The highest risk group are persons above the age of 50. Demographic differences are observed between suicide by drowning, accidental drowning, and drowning due to transportation (0.72, 0.64, 0.28 per 100.000) and between native Dutch, and Dutch with western and non-western background (1.46, 1.43, 1.76 per 100.000). Non-residents account for another 12.2%. When comparing the periods 1998–2007 with 2008–2017, the Standard Mortality declines for suicide drowning and accidental drowning among persons with a native Dutch and non-western background. Single regression analysis confirms a decrease of drowning over the full period, breakpoint analysis shows an increase in the incidence of the total number of drowning, suicide by drowning and accidental drowning starting in 2007, 2008 resp. 2012.

Discussion
Compared to the formal number of fatal accidental drowning in the Netherlands (n = 1718; incidence 0.52 per 100,000), the study identifies 350% more drowning. Differences in demographic data and the recent increase needs to be explored for public health interventions.
A controlled pilot intervention on community violence prevention, financial and social capital generation in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Jansen Louis , Outwater Anne H. , Lowery Wilson Michael , Iseselo Masunga K. , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunity violence has been found to be highly prevalent in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Increasing socioeconomic inequality has been outlined as one of the main causes of community violence. This controlled pilot trial aimed at evaluating the impact of beekeeping and entrepreneurship training on community violence exposure, financial and social capital generation, and employment structure.MethodsPoisson regression was used to compare pre- and post-intervention risk ratios for community violence exposure. Linear regression was used to depict change in weekly income and utu scores. Employment rate structures were determined pre- and post-intervention.ResultsThis study reports that compared to the Control arm beekeeping and entrepreneurship training appears to have protected young men in Dar es Salaam from exposure to community violence (All = 0.62 (0.40–0.96), Beekeeping = 0.57 (0.30–1.08), Entrepreneurship = 0.62 (0.33–1.17)), while increasing financial (All = 23,145 (− 27,155 – 73,444), Beekeeping = 29,310 (− 26,079 – 84,698), Entrepreneurship = 82,334 (12,274 – 152,293)) and partially also social capital (All = − 0.24 (− 1.35–0.87), Beekeeping = 0.85 (− 0.26–1.96), Entrepreneurship = 0.30 (− 1.16–1.77)). Financial dependency across all arms was reduced from 29.1 to 2.2%.ConclusionsOur study reports that beekeeping training and entrepreneurship seminars appear to have a protective effect against exposure to community violence among young men in Dar es Salaam, while partially also increasing financial and social capital, as well as reducing financial dependency. We recommend that these results should lay the foundation for an adequately powered randomized trial to confirm the study’s efficacy.Trial registrationretrospectively registered atClinicalTrials.gov(Identifier: NCT04602416; October 26, 2020).
Arthroscopic-assisted radiocarpal ligaments tensioning for dynamic radiocarpal instability
Authors: Hung Wei-Chen , Wang Jung-Pan , Huang Yi-Chao , Yin Cheng-Yu , Wu Cheng-Yi , Huang Hui-Kuang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Dynamic radiocarpal instability is one of the causes of post-trauma radial-sided wrist pain. It is not easy to diagnose and may possibly be overlooked. The key ligaments responsible for dynamic radiocarpal instability are the radioscaphocapitate (RSC) and long radiolunate (LRL) ligaments. Tensioning of these 2 ligaments could be a method of treatment for dynamic carpal instability. We proposed a method for arthroscopic thermal shrinkage of these 2 ligaments, and for setting a landmark arthroscopically to facilitate identification of these 2 ligaments during the combined open suture tensioning procedure.

Methods
Between January 2016 and May 2020, 12 patients treated with this method were enrolled. The mean age was 33.3 years (range, 18–57 years), and the mean duration from injury to operation was 7.8 months (range, 3–25 months). The diagnosis was mainly depended on the physical examinations and confirmed under arthroscopy. The mean follow-up was 17.7 months (range, 12–26 months).

Results
All the patients had marked improvement of pain, grip strength, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), and the radiocarpal stability. The wrist range of motion showed significant decrease around 5o in both flexion and extension and around 4o in the ulnar deviation at the final follow-ups. All patients were able to return to their previous full level of work and activities.

Conclusions
We conclude that arthroscopic thermal shrinkage combined with open suture tensioning can be effective in treating dynamic carpal instability, while the arthroscopic-assisted landmark setting can help identify the accurate location of the RSC and LRL ligaments without dissecting too much soft tissue.