bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of infection and detection of Pseudoloma neurophilia in zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton by PCR and histology
Authors: Schuster Corbin J. , Kreul Taylor G. , Al‐Samarrie Colleen E. , Peterson James T. , Sanders Justin L. , Kent Michael L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudoloma neurophilia is a critical threat to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, as it is the most common infectious agent found in research facilities. In this study, our objectives were two‐fold: (1) compare the application of diagnostic tools for P. neurophilia and (2) track the progression of infection using PCR and histology. The first experiment showed that whole‐body analysis by qPCR (WB‐qPCR) can be a standardized process, providing a streamlined diagnostic protocol, without the need for extraction of specific tissues. Evaluating the course of infection in experimentally infected fish, we showed key dynamics in infection. Starting with a low dose exposure of 8000 spores/fish, the prevalence remained low until 92 days post‐exposure (dpe), followed by a 30%–40% prevalence by histology or 40%–90% by PCR until the end of the experiment at 334 dpe. WB‐qPCR positively detected infection in more fish than histology throughout the study, as WB‐qPCR detected the parasite as early as 4 dpe, whereas it was undetected by histology until 92 dpe. We also added a second slide for histologic analyses, showing an increase in detection rate from 24% to 26% when we combined all data from our experiments, but this increase was not statistically significant.
Epidemic Exposure, Financial Technology, and the Digital Divide
Authors: SAKA ORKUN , EICHENGREEN BARRY , AKSOY CEVAT GIRAY 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe ask whether epidemic exposure leads to a shift in financial technology usage and who participates in this shift. We exploit a data set combining Gallup World Polls and Global Findex surveys for some 250,000 individuals in 140 countries, merging them with information on the incidence of epidemics and local 3G Internet infrastructure. Epidemic exposure is associated with an increase in remote‐access (online/mobile) banking and substitution from bank branch based to ATM activity. The temporary nature of the effects we identify is more consistent with a demand channel rather than that of supply with high initial fixed costs. Exploring heterogeneity using a machine learning–driven approach, we find that young, high‐income earners in full‐time employment have the greatest tendency to shift to online/mobile transactions in response to epidemics. Baseline effects are larger for individuals with better ex ante 3G signal coverage, highlighting the role of the digital divide in adaption to new technologies necessitated by adverse external shocks.
From expected to actual barriers and facilitators when implementing a new screening tool: A qualitative study applying the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Petersen Helle Vendel , Sivertsen Ditte Maria , Jørgensen Lillian Mørch , Petersen Janne , Kirk Jeanette Wassar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesTo identify determinants for using a new screening tool to identify older patients eligible for targeted nurse‐led intervention, as perceived by healthcare professionals implementing the tool, and to examine how these perceptions changed over time.DesignA cross‐sectoral longitudinal qualitative study based on semi‐structured interviews with healthcare professionals in a Danish hospital and two collaborating municipalities.MethodsIn three focus groups, seven single interviews and a workshop, we examined the healthcare professionals' perceptions of and attitudes towards the new screening tool before, during and after the implementation. The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to identify the healthcare professionals' perception of barriers and facilitators, followed by content analysis. The results were further discussed using the COM‐B system as an analytic framework. This qualitative study is reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist.Results‘Professional role’, ‘Goals’ and ‘Environmental context’ were the domains most talked about by the healthcare professionals across the three time points. The content analysis identified four determinants for using the new screening tool:Making time for the project, External motivation and management, Expectations and reality, and Professional identity. The healthcare professionals' perception of the determinants changed during the implementation, influencing their behaviour and, consequently, the implementation's sustainability.ConclusionPerception of barriers and facilitators to the interventions were time‐ and context‐sensitive. Beliefs and motivational factors changed during the project, which points out the importance of following implementation processes systematically to understand the outcome of an intervention.Relevance for clinical practicePerceptions and attitudes towards a new initiative may change over time, emphasising the importance of following barriers and facilitators during the implementation of an intervention and working with an implementation plan that can be adapted along the way.
Violence by clients and patients against social and healthcare staff – An integrative review of staff's well‐being at work, implementation of work and leaders' activities
Authors: Tuominen Jutta , Tölli Sirpa , Häggman‐Laitila Arja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compile, assess and synthesise empirical research on violence by social and healthcare clients or patients against staff and its connections to staff's well‐being at work, implementation of work and activities of leaders related to it.BackgroundWorkplace violence against social and healthcare staff is a global and daily problem. One in three employees encounters violence from patients or clients and the risk of this is 16 times higher compared to other professions. None of the recent reviews on this topic were focused on the well‐being at work, implementation of work or leaders' role in the cases of violence of clients or patients against the staff.DesignAn integrative review reported according to PRISMA Checklist.MethodsThe search was conducted to CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO and Scopus databases resulting in 21 articles. The quality of the articles was evaluated, and the data were analysed narratively.ResultsThe workplace violence committed by clients and patients was negatively connected to staff's psychological, emotional and physical well‐being at work and to their work performance and commitment. The leaders found this form of workplace violence challenging and ethically conflicted and felt that they were left alone without training and support. The employees expressed disappointment with their leaders' activities and suggested many measures to make environment safer to staff and patients.ConclusionsIn future, intervention studies are needed for prevention of workplace violence by patients and clients against staff and for supporting the well‐being at work of staff in relation to violent incidents.Relevance to clinical practiceWorkplaces should introduce uniform protocols for reporting, preventing and processing workplace violence committed by clients and patients. An open dialogue with leaders and co‐workers of the cases is of high importance. Leaders and staff need training that ensure patient and work safety.
Food neophobia: Higher responsiveness to sensory properties but low engagement with foods generally
Authors: Prescott John , Chheang Sok L. , Jaeger Sara R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFood neophobia (FN), typically defined in terms of rejection of unfamiliar foods but also associated with higher negative arousal in relation to food, has been established as an important personality variable in explaining food preferences and choices. Past research has examined responses to foods as a function of FN but not considered if there are specific sensory qualities of foods that are more important in food rejections. We propose that the concept of sensory sensitivity may help explain the origin of increased arousal in high FN adults, and conducted an online survey in Singapore with 1896 participants as a first step towards investigating this hypothesis. FN was measured using the FN scale (Pliner & Hobden, 1992), and additionally participants: (a) rated their agreement with a series of statements that reflected their attitudes towards food sensory qualities, and (b) completed The Foodie Index (Pickering & Pickering, 2022) to obtain measures of food involvement and enjoyment. The results reinforced earlier findings that FN is related to an overall lower level of enjoyment of foods, and further revealed that: (a) evaluation of food sensory qualities prior to, or during, eating or sensory reasons for rejecting a food were positively related to FN, and (b) increasing disengagement with foods in terms of knowledge, interest, time and money spent on food as FN increases. Collectively, the results underscore the centrality of FN in understanding consumers' food‐related experiences and behaviors by showing that FN is related to both sensitivity about specific sensory properties and low engagement with foods generally.Practical ApplicationsFood and sensory profiling by consumers has been increasing in recent years. The present data will assist in interpretation of consumer studies in which FN and/or food interest/engagement has been measured, since both are found to be a strong source of variation in consumer data. In particular, both product engagement and level of FN have been shown elsewhere to impact how consumers allocate their attention to sensory tasks. This suggests that sources of variation in consumer responses, whether due to general or sensory‐specific responses to foods, are crucial in interpreting sensory profiling or preference data.
Targeted antiviral treatment of hepatitis B virus in culturally and linguistically diverse populations to achieve elimination targets in Australia
Authors: Taye Belaynew W. , Valery Patricia C. , Clark Paul J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe majority of Australia's hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden is borne by culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations, and antiviral treatment is the mainstay of intervention. Using modelling, we estimated the impact of targeted antiviral treatment scale‐up and changes in migration on HBV‐related mortality and HBV elimination in CALD populations in Australia. We fitted a deterministic mathematical model based on the natural history of HBV and the Australian migration effect in four CALD population groups according to country of birth. We used three antiviral treatment scale‐up scenarios: baseline (9.3% coverage); intermediate (coverage of 80% of patients eligible for antiviral therapy by 2030); and optimistic (coverage of 20% of all patients living with HBV by 2022). Our model predicted that if the baseline treatment is followed between 2015 and 2030, the number of chronic HBV cases and HBV‐related mortality will increase. Following the optimistic scale‐up, the number of new HBV cases could be reduced by 78%, 73%, 74% and 83% in people born in Asia‐Pacific, Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and Americas, respectively, between 2015 and 2030. An optimistic treatment scale‐up could result in a 19.2%–24.5% reduction in HBV‐related mortality and a 15%–25% reduction in HCC‐related mortality in CALD populations between 2015 and 2030. In conclusion, our findings highlight that targeted antiviral treatment for CALD populations provides significant health system benefits by reducing HBV‐related complications from cirrhosis and HCC. Expanded antiviral treatment programmes focusing on high‐prevalence CALD populations may be an effective strategy to reduce HBV‐related morbidity and mortality.
Pharmacokinetics of carprofen following single and repeated intravenous administrations of different doses in sheep
Authors: Corum Orhan , Coskun Devran , Durna Corum Duygu , Ider Merve , Yildiz Ramazan , Ok Mahmut , Uney Kamil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of carprofen following single and repeated intravenous (IV) administrations at 1.4 and 4 mg/kg doses in sheep. The study was carried out on twelve sheep in two experiments as single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics. In experiment 1, carprofen was administered via IV at single doses of 1.4 (n = 6) and 4 mg/kg (n = 6) in a randomized parallel design. In experiment 2, the same dose groups in experiment 1 following the 21‐day washout period received intravenously carprofen every 24 h for 5 days. Plasma concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography–UV and analyzed by a two‐compartment open model. After the single administration of 1.4 mg/kg dose, the t1/2α, t1/2el, MRT, ClT, Vdss, and AUC were 0.62 h, 27.57 h, 38.78 h, 2.72 ml/h/kg, 105.26 ml/kg, and 515.12 h*μg/ml, respectively. Carprofen at a single dose of 4 mg/kg showed prolonged t1/2el and MRT, and increased Vdss. On day 5 after the repeated administration of the 1.4 mg/kg dose, the t1/2α, t1/2el, MRT, ClT, Vdss, and AUC were 1.12 h, 57.48 h, 82.18 h, 0.55 ml/h/kg, 45.43 ml/kg, and 2532 h*μg/ml, respectively. Carprofen at a repeated dose of 4 mg/kg showed increased ClT and Vdss and decreased AUC/dose. Although the long t1/2ʎz in single and multiple IV dose studies suggest the possibility of its effective use, the IV route may not be practical in sheep. Therefore, oral and subcutaneous routes of carprofen in sheep would be more valuable in clinical settings.
Letting offenders choose their punishment?
Authors: Grolleau Gilles , Mungan Murat C. , Mzoughi Naoufel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPunishment menus allow offenders to choose the punishment to which they will be subjected from a set of options. We present several behaviorally informed rationales for why punishment menus may serve as effective deterrents, notably by causing people to refrain from entering a calculative mindset; reducing their psychological reactance; causing them to reconsider the reputational impacts of punishment; and reducing suspicions about whether the act is enforced for rent‐seeking purposes. We argue that punishment menus can outperform the traditional single punishment if these effects can be harnessed properly. Our observations thus constitute a challenge, based on behavioral arguments, to the conventional view that adding (possibly unexercised) punishment options to an existing punishment scheme is unlikely to increase deterrence or welfare. We explain how heterogeneities among individuals can pose problems to designing effective punishment menus and discuss potential solutions. After explaining how punishment menus, if designed and implemented benevolently, can serve socially desirable goals, we caution against their possible misuse by self‐interested governments.
Super‐replication with transaction costs under model uncertainty for continuous processes
Authors: Chau Huy N. , Fukasawa Masaaki , Rásonyi Miklós 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe formulate a superhedging theorem in the presence of transaction costs and model uncertainty. Asset prices are assumed continuous and uncertainty is modeled in a parametric setting. Our proof relies on a new topological framework in which no Krein–Smulian type theorem is available.
“Let Not the Heart in Sorrow Sin”: Considering Kierkegaard’s Relation to Nihilistic Humanism as a Matter of Christian versus Pagan Truth
Authors: Callaway Dallas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn what way does Kierkegaard’s conception of selfhood and despair address the prospect of nihilistic humanism wherein God, sin, and spirit are conceived as the creations of humankind intended to escape the distress of nihilism and imbue life with meaning? By contrasting Kierkegaard’s thought with that of a Straussian‐Feuerbachian amalgam of ‘Left Hegelianism’, I argue that Kierkegaard’s work (i.e., taken more holistically than Anti‐Climacus’s writings alone so to make the matter of truth more conspicuous than it is in, of note, The Sickness unto Death) may indeed be interpreted as addressing nihilistic humanism. Specifically, I argue that the topic of truth proves essential for demarcating Kierkegaardian selfhood (the ‘inside viewpoint’) from Left Hegelianism (the ‘outside viewpoint’). First, I recapitulate Kierkegaard’s concepts of self (Selv) and despair (Fortvivlelse). Second, I present in sequence views from ‘outside’ and ‘inside’ of Kierkegaard’s authorship. Third, taking Kierkegaard to imply engagement of the viewpoints as necessary, I examine the process of ‘prefixture’ whereby one prefixes the outside to the inside viewpoint or undertakes the countermovement of prefixing the inside to the outside viewpoint. Finally, I conclude that full integration of the two viewpoints is untenable and underscore truth vis‐à‐vis God as both definitive for deciding between the viewpoints and essential for the way in which Kierkegaard addresses nihilistic humanism as a form of despair.
Impact of etelcalcetide on fibroblast growth factor‐23 and calciprotein particles in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Hashimoto Yusaku , Kato Sawako , Kuro‐o Makoto , Miura Yutaka , Itano Yuya , Ando Masahiko , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimRecently, we demonstrated the efficacy of etelcalcetide in the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This post hoc analysis aimed to evaluate changes in fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23) and calciprotein particles (CPPs) after treatment with calcimimetics.MethodsThe DUET trial was a 12‐week multicenter, open‐label, parallel‐group, randomized (1:1:1) study with patients treated with etelcalcetide plus active vitamin D (E + D group; n = 41), etelcalcetide plus oral calcium (E + Ca group; n = 41), or control (C group; n = 42) under maintenance haemodialysis. Serum levels of FGF23 and CPPs were measured at baseline, and 6 and 12 weeks after the start.ResultsIn the linear mixed model, serum levels of FGF23 in etelcalcetide users were significantly lower than those in non‐users at week 6 (p < .001) and week 12 (p < .001). When compared the difference between the E + Ca group and the E + D group, serum levels of FGF23 in the E + Ca group were significantly lower than those in the E + D group at week 12 (p = .017). There were no significant differences in the serum levels of CPPs between etelcalcetide users and non‐users at week 6 and week 12, while CPPs in the E + Ca group were significantly lower than those in the E + D group (p < .001) at week 12.ConclusionEtelcalcetide may be useful through suppression of FGF23 levels among haemodialysis patients with SHPT. When correcting hypocalcaemia, loading oral calcium preparations could be more advantageous than active vitamin D for the suppression of both FGF23 and CPPs.
“One, none, and a hundred thousand” recipes for a robust response to turbulence
Authors: Cristofoli Daniela , Cucciniello Maria , Micacchi Marta , Trivellato Benedetta , Turrini Alex , Valotti Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTurbulence appears to be a “new normal” in current societies, and public organizations need to learn how to react and adapt to it. Scholars agree on the need for robust actions to respond to turbulence. Through a qualitative comparative analysis performed on the vaccination campaigns of all 20 Italian regions, our paper explores whether different and alternative models of robustness may exist to cope with turbulence. Results shed light on three alternative models featuring static, hybrid, and dynamic robustness. They also highlight that robust governance appears to involve a capacity to learn, and to employ this learning as circumstances demand.
A‐Rational Epistemological Disjunctivism
Authors: Echeverri Santiago 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to epistemological disjunctivism (ED), in paradigmatic cases of perceptual knowledge, a subject,S, has perceptual knowledge thatpin virtue of being in possession of reasons for her belief thatpwhich are both factive and reflectively accessible toS. It has been argued that ED is better placed than both knowledge internalism and knowledge externalism to undercut underdetermination‐based skepticism. I identify several principles that must be true if ED is to be uniquely placed to attain this goal. After that, I use those principles to formulate a diachronic skeptical argument. This argument yields the counterintuitive conclusion that understanding a global skeptical hypothesis is all it takes for a rational subject to lose all her perceptual knowledge of the world. Next, I show that a popular Austinian move must reject one or another of the principles that underlie ED. I close by delineating a novel strategy that can block the diachronic skeptical argument while preserving all the principles. The key idea is that perceptual knowledge is grounded in primitive, perceptual and recognitional abilities. This view sheds new light on some puzzling features of global skepticism that have been noted by Descartes and Hume, among others.
Searching for social properties
Authors: Payton Dee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhat does it take for a property to be a social property? This question is different from questions about what it takes for a property to be socially constructed. That is: it is one thing to be social, it is another to be socially constructed. Compared to questions about social construction, this question about sociality has received relatively little attention in social metaphysics. Here, I work from a very specific set of observations which arise from the social metaphysics literature to uncover a sufficient condition on sociality for properties, a condition which I argue all non‐social properties fail to satisfy.
Deviating from the ideal
Authors: Barrett Jacob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdeal theorists aim to describe the ideally just society. Problem solvers aim to identify concrete changes to actual societies that would make them more just. The relation between these two sorts of theorizing is highly contested. According to the benchmark view, ideal theory is prior to problem solving because a conception of the ideally just society serves as an indispensable benchmark for evaluating societies in terms of how far they deviate from it. In this paper, I clarify the benchmark view, argue that existing criticisms of it are unsuccessful, and develop a novel redundancy objection to the benchmark view and the claim of priority it allegedly entails. I then consider the extent to which ideal theory might facilitate problem solving without being prior to it and argue that it can only play a modest role in this regard. The upshot is that ideal theory is neither required for nor especially relevant to problem solving—but it is not completely irrelevant either. It facilitates problem solving to some limited degree, but no more, say, than theorizing about dystopia.