bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowdfunding Nayā Pakistan: Development, Nationalism, and the Diamer‐Bhasha Dam*
Authors: Tareen Salwa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn July 4, 2018, then–Chief Justice of Pakistan, Mian Saqib Nisar, announced an unprecedented campaign to crowdfund the Rs. 1.9 trillion ($12.4 billion USD) needed to revive construction of the Diamer–Bhasha and Mohmand dams. Encouraged to contribute as a form of ṣadaqa (voluntary charity), donations from Pakistanis at home and abroad peaked at Rs. 12.9 billion ($80.4 million USD), despite widespread criticisms questioning the fund's motives and feasibility. Drawing on the developmental logic of dams and calls for a Nayā Pakistan (New Pakistan), the dam fund transformed Diamer–Bhasha into a popular symbol of a modern, prosperous, and pious nation. This paper explores the aspirations and limitations of these claims by tracing the historical, political, and affective discourses that inform the campaign. In order to contextualize the emergence of the dam fund, I argue that the broader developmental and humanitarian significance of the campaign should also be understood in relation to the statist frame of Pakistani Muslim nationalism. Above all, I seek to understand how the dam fund simultaneously presents Pakistanis as vulnerable to extinction, yet capable of their own rescue. I ask: what happens when the nation itself imagines itself as both the giver and recipient of charity?
A Praxis Gap: A Review of Practitioner Research on Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation (FGC/M) in Muslim Context
Authors: Barzegar Abbas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay explores the problem of the “praxis gap,” which can be understood as the epistemological space between academic and practitioner discourses engaged in the study and practice of issues along the aid and development spectrum. It does so by discussing the

way practitioners approach the topic of Islam and Muslim practices vis‐à‐vis the problem of Female Genital Cutting or Mutilation (FGC/M) and in light of the geopolitical context surrounding gender, development, and Islam. Through a review of practitioner‐oriented studies, the essay demonstrates that the praxis gap–between scholars of religion and Muslim society on the one hand and aid/development practitioners on the other–generates significant problems in the study and practice of aid/development in Muslim contexts. After this analysis, the essay closes by arguing that the patterns and paradigms governing the production of knowledge surrounding the aid/development in Muslim societies are closely related to similar problems of mistranslation found across the subject of

religion and development more broadly.
Prevalence and factors associated with compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout in health professionals
Authors: Kartsonaki Maria George , Georgopoulos Dimitris , Kondili Eumorfia , Nieri Alexandra Stavroula , Alevizaki Afroditi , Nyktari Vasileia , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundConstant exposure of health professionals to the pain and suffering of patients can adversely affect their emotional wellbeing.AimThe study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors affecting the levels of secondary traumatic stress/compassion fatigue (STS/CF), burnout (BO) and compassion satisfaction (CS) of health professionals working in adult and paediatric Intensive Care Units (ICU) as well as in departments treating patients with serious illness in five hospitals in Crete.Study DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional survey with the use of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL‐CSF‐R‐IV) questionnaire.MethodsWe enrolled medical, nursing and support staff working in the adult and paediatric ICU, emergency, oncology, haematology and neurosurgical departments, haemodialysis unit and operating theatre.Results598 health professionals completed the questionnaire (response rate 73.2%). Significantly increased levels of STS/CF were observed in non – ICU as compared to ICU staff (p = .009) females compared to males (p < .001), those who have previously experienced a traumatic event (p < .004), nurses and support staff compared to doctors (p = .007 and p = .028 respectively), and people not working in a department by choice (p < .001). CS was higher for older professionals, personnel subjected to stress reduction techniques (p < .019) and professionals working with children or mixed adults and children population (p = .009). Rolling schedule and bad working conditions negatively affected CS (p = .02, p = .001). Increased BO levels were associated with younger age (p = .029) and showed a positive correlation with STS/CF (r = .356, p < .001).ConclusionsSTS/CF is common in health professionals regardless of their profession, working department or hospital level. Non‐ICU staff displayed higher STS/CF levels. Working in a department by choice ameliorates CS, BO and STS/CF.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHealth professionals need to be informed about the risks of projecting patients' suffering on themselves. Hospital managers and department heads are responsible to provide appropriate support.
How have COVID‐19 stringency measures changed scholarly activity?
Authors: Caudwell Kim M. , Soranzo Alessandro , Lim Lee Wei , Aquili Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGovernment restrictions to the movement of people due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have had a wide range of effects on scientific activity. Here, we show that during the pandemic there has been a reduction in the number of registered non‐COVID‐19 clinical trials. Furthermore, using the Oxford COVID‐19 Government Response Tracker Stringency Index (SI) as an indicator of COVID‐19–related workplace adjustment (e.g., restrictions on gatherings, workplace closures, and stay‐at‐home orders), we demonstrate that this drop in clinical trial registration has been greater in countries with a higher SI. This could have significant consequences for the discovery of treatments that are required to reduce the global burden of disease.
A bilateral SPCN is elicited by to‐be‐memorized visual stimuli displayed along the vertical midline
Authors: Chen Yanzhang , Brigadoi Sabrina , Schiano Lomoriello Arianna , Jolicœur Pierre , Simal Amour , Fu Shimin , Baro Valentina , Dell'Acqua Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe recently showed that deploying attention to target stimuli displayed along the vertical meridian elicits a bilateral N2pc, that we labeled N2pcb (Psychophysiology). Here we investigated whether a different component, the sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), shows the same property when a varying number of visual stimuli are displayed either laterally or on the vertical meridian. We displayed one or two cues that designated candidate targets to be detected in a search array that was displayed after a retention interval. The cues were either on the horizontal meridian or on the vertical meridian. When the cues were on the horizontal meridian, we observed an N2pc followed by an SPCN in their classic form, as negativity increments contralateral to the cues. As expected, SPCN amplitude was greater when two cues had to be memorized than when only one cue had to be memorized. When the cues were on the vertical meridian, we observed an N2pcb followed by a bilateral SPCN (or SPCNb). Critically, like SPCN, SPCNb amplitude was greater when two cues had to be memorized than when only one cue had to be memorized. A series of additional parametrical and topographical comparisons between N2pcb and SPCNb revealed similarities but also some important differences between these two components that we interpreted as evidence for their distinct neural sources.
When the approaching threat is uncertain: Dynamics of defensive motivation and attention in trait anxiety
Authors: Qiao Zhiling , Pan Dong‐ni , Hoid Delhii , van Winkel Ruud , Li Xuebing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUncertainty of threat has been linked to anxiety, but little is known about how neurophysiological responses change as uncertain threats approach and whether trait anxiety modulates these changes. The current study was designed to explore aspects of the dynamics of defensive motivation (startle reflex elicited by acoustic startle probes), attention (probe N100 component of event‐related potentials elicited by acoustic startle probes), and autonomic nervous system activity (heart rate) when the approaching threat was certain or uncertain in a variant of the threat probability task. Behavioral results showed that high‐trait anxious individuals reported higher levels of anxiety than low‐trait anxious individuals only under the uncertain threat condition. Electromyographic data showed that high‐trait anxious individuals tended to produce a more pronounced startle reflex, especially when the uncertain threat was proximal. This pattern was not observed in low‐trait anxious individuals. By examining early attention engagement through probe N100, we observed a similar pattern in relation to defensive motivation. Moreover, under the uncertain threat condition, high‐trait anxious individuals yielded a greater deceleration of heart rate than low‐trait anxious individuals. These results indicate a distinct modulation effect of trait anxiety in the dynamics of defensive motivation, attention, and the autonomic nervous system during the anticipation of uncertain threats.
On photovoice—Applications and reflections to an intensive care context
Authors: Olausson Sepideh , Lindahl Berit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this paper, we share our experiences of using ‘photovoice’ methodology as a way to generate data in intensive care units concerning the place and space of care. We have adapted and modified ‘photovoice’ in researching people's lived experiences of ICU. Researching lived experiences in an intensive care context is challenging because of the complex nature of critical care.AimThis study aims to explore and discuss photovoice methodolgy in ICU as a data collection method. Materials and Methods: Photos and interviews collected from patients, loved ones and staff collected in a previous research proejct.ResultsAlthough there are challenges in using cameras and photographing the environment in the ICU, due to ethics and the voiceless patients therein, many advantages are presented to the researchers in capturing the meaning of lived experiences of various phenomena in the lifeworld in general and in the meaning of place and space. This paper offers applications and reflection over ontological, epistemological and methodological concerns and also offers a detailed approach on how to employ photovoice for successful and rich data generation.Discussiondeveloping and adapting scientific methods and methodologies contributes to knowledge development in caring science and is therefore an important subject of matter.ConclusionsPhotovoice also presents a powerful tool in disseminating the findings as it opens up the closed world of ICU to the public and increases people's understanding of the significance of place and space of caring practice.
Social policy learning inside the World Bank: The case of multi‐pillar pension reform
Authors: Heneghan Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the process of policy learning that has taken place inside the Social Protection and Labor Department of the World Bank after the large‐scale abandonment of its flagship pension programme. It draws on a set of elite interviews with present and former senior policy actors at the World Bank, alongside other key transnational actors to assess the Bank's response. It utilises the policy learning literature, in particular Hall's (1993) policy paradigm approach, to analyse the scope of learning that has been undertaken. The analysis shows that policy learning is a central activity within the Social Protection and Labor Department. From the moment the World Bank entered the pensions field in 1994, it continually updated its policy advice as a result of ‘rational updating’ (Blyth, 2013) or first and second order change (Hall, 1993). However, after the global economic crisis, the dominance of the Bank in the field waned, which opened it up to new ideas and rival paradigms. This has led to a policy conversion at the World Bank. Whilst not fully abandoning its pension model from the 1990s, it now emphasises the role of public pensions and poverty relief with less of a focus on funding and sustainability. The paper argues this change borders on paradigmatic change at the Bank. It has led to a closer working relationship with the International Labour Organization as both organizations focus on the issue of pensions coverage.
Optimization of process parameters for remediation performance on mass removal of tetrachloroethylene source zones by using Taguchi design of experiment and artificial neural network
Authors: Şahin Yıldız , Akyol Nihat Hakan , Kasap Sedanur Selay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study tested the remediation performance of various conditions for pool‐dominated tetrachloroethylene resided in the soil at three different levels of type of flushing agent, flushing agent concentration and flushing rate. The experimental data obtained according to the Taguchi orthogonal array L9 were analysed using the Minitab 17 program. Results of the experimental design analysis indicated that the most effective factor is the flushing agent type, followed by flushing agent concentration and flushing rate, respectively. All the parameters used in the system have a significant effect on the experimental results, and the Taguchi method can explain 97.94% of the experimental data. As a result of the ANN analysis, the R2 values for training, testing and validation were calculated as 0.99942, 0.99795 and 0.99964, respectively. This situation shows the importance of experimental design and selection of appropriate conditions, which is very important for rapid and cost‐effective remediation of contaminated sites.
A Data-Driven Approach for Integrating Hedonic Quality and Pragmatic Quality in User Experience Modeling
Authors: Tong Yanzhang , Liang Yan , Spasic Irena , Hicks Yulia , Hu Huicong , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
User experience (UX) analysis is essential for designers and companies when optimizing products or services as it can help designers to uncover valuable information, such as the hedonic and pragmatic qualities of a UX. While previous research has described the conventional methods of UX analysis, such as surveys or subjective determination, this paper proposes a data-driven methodology to automatically integrate hedonic and pragmatic qualities for UX from online customer reviews. The proposed methodology comprises the following steps. First, we combined a corpus-based approach, a dictionary-based approach and word embedding to generate a lexicon of hedonic and pragmatic qualities. Second, we filtered out the sentences that contained no hedonic or pragmatic information and classified the remaining review sentences. Third, we extracted and clustered the UX elements (such as product feature, context information and context clustering). Finally, we scored each UX element based on hedonic or pragmatic qualities and compared it against previous UX modeling. This study integrates hedonic and pragmatic qualities to enrich UX modeling in the field of UX. For a product designer, the UX analysis results may highlight a requirement to optimize product design. It may also represent a potential market opportunity in a UX state where most of the current products are perceived UX results by customers. This research also examines the invaluable relationship between UX and online customer reviews to support the prospective planning of customer strategy and design activities.
Aerodynamic Interaction of Volute With Rotor in a Nozzleless Radial Turbine
Authors: Pan Lei , Yang Mingyang , Murae Shota , Sato Wataru , Shimohara Naoto , Yamagata Akihiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aerodynamic interaction of rotor with stator is the primary cause of high cycle fatigue of radial turbine blade. However, few studies have been carried out on aerodynamic interaction in nozzleless radial turbines. This paper studies aerodynamic interaction in a nozzleless radial turbine via the experimentally validated numerical method. The results suggest that several flow phenomena are related to blade excitation. First, when the blade sweeps by the volute tongue, the tongue wake induces a strong separation vortex at the blade leading edge and interacts with it. As the tongue wake migrates downstream, it deforms into a triangular shape across the rotor passage. Second, the potential field of the volute leads to drastic fluctuations of blade load as well as tip leakage flow. Importantly, the tongue wake interacts with the tip leakage vortex in the vicinity of blade trailing edge. This phenomenon results in strong disturbance to pressure fluctuations on suction surface at low pressure ratio, and the frequency of disturbance is roughly one order higher than that of potential field. However, its influence can be neglected at high pressure ratio. Furthermore, the details of vortex evolution in the rotor passage are discussed via the time-space contour plots of pressure difference. Various behaviors including propagation speed, direction, and strength can be well manifested by this method. Finally, the strong influence of unsteady interaction on blade excitation in the nozzleless turbine is confirmed by a direct comparison of blade loads in unsteady conditions with that in quasi-steady conditions.
Performance Investigation of a Constant Temperature Heat Pump Dryer
Authors: Tang Lan , Li Qingjian , Huang Tao , Chen Hai , Liu Ziyuan , He Shiquan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heat pump drying systems (HPDS) are systems composed of a heat pump (HP) that carries out a drying process which is energy efficient and environmentally friendly. However, in the HPDS, HP technology is used in the drying process, which makes it a very complex system coupling a hot air cycle and compressed refrigeration cycle. The control strategy of the drying process is important when developing heat pump dryers (HPDs) with high efficiency and reliability. An auxiliary condenser can be used to release excess heat from the system and maintain a constant temperature drying process, while equipping an evaporator bypass is a simple method for controlling the heat pump dehumidification rate. In this study, a novel enclosed drying system that incorporates a commercial 2.65 kW HP dehumidifier with an evaporator bypass was designed and constructed. The drying performance, such as the drying time and drying degree, and the HP performance, such as the coefficient of performance of an enclosed system with an air bypass, were experimentally investigated. According to the results of the investigation, increasing the circulating air bypass ratio can greatly reduce the drying time and improve the drying degree and the drying performance of the drying system. However, the air bypass reduces the performance of the HP, especially at a higher air bypass ratio, which should be taken into account in research and design of HPDS in the future. Besides, an attempt has been made to investigate the feasibility of using this novel HPD to preheat the drying room before drying process and refrigeration storage in drying room after drying process. Contribution of this research can diversify the function of the HPD.
Effects of Rib Design on the Unsteady Tip Heat Transfer Amplitude for a Turbine Rotor Blade
Authors: Jiang Shijie , Li Zhigang , Li Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
By solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and SST k–ω turbulence model, effects of rib design on the unsteady tip heat transfer amplitude for a turbine rotor blade with different rotating speeds are numerically investigated. The results of turbulence model validation are in good agreement with the experimental data. The grid independence verification is also satisfied. The results indicate that the averaged heat transfer coefficient of ribbed tip is 3.1% lower than that of traditional squealer tip and the amplitude of the heat transfer coefficient at the ribbed blade tip is 31.7% lower than that at the traditional squealer tip at standard speed condition. Low-energy passing wake causes the variation of flow field pressure near the tip clearance, which changes the strength of vortex such as pressure corner vortex, scratching vortex, leading edge vortex, and rib vortex inside the cavity, and thus causes the tip heat transfer coefficient fluctuation. At 85% standard speed, the average heat transfer coefficient amplitude of the ribbed tip is reduced by 35.4%. At 115% standard speed, the average heat transfer coefficient amplitude of the ribbed tip is reduced by 44.5%. Ribbed blade tip is suitable to reduce the heat transfer coefficient in turbine design
Diagnostic utility of ERG immunostaining in dermatofibroma
Authors: Yamada Yuichi , Ichiki Toshio , Susuki Yosuke , Yamada-Nozaki Yui , Tateishi Yuki , Furue Masutaka , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: March 2022

AimsDermatofibroma/fibrous histiocytoma (DF/FH) is a common cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm exhibiting benign biological behaviour. However, the immunohistochemical utility of erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) for diagnosing DF remains unknown. The authors reviewed the immunohistochemical status of ERG in different subtypes of DF and in its differential diagnoses.MethodsOverall, 97 cases of ordinary DF/FH, 6 cases of aneurysmal FH, 10 cases of cellular FH, 5 cases of angiomatoid FH, 2 cases of epithelioid FH, 64 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) and 52 cases of fibrous scar were retrieved. As the other histological types of cutaneous neoplasms, 6 cases of myxofibrosarcoma, 4 cases of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, 11 cases of atypical fibroxanthoma, 19 cases of malignant melanoma, 20 cases of nevocellular nevus, 20 cases of neurofibroma, 19 cases of schwannoma, 8 cases of angioleiomyoma and 1 case of pilar leiomyoma were included.ResultsImmunohistochemical positivity for ERG was demonstrated in 87 of 97 cases (89.6%) of ordinary DF/FH, 7 of 10 cases (70%) of cellular FH, 3 of 6 cases (50%) of aneurysmal FH, 1 of 5 cases (20%) of angiomatoid FH and 1 of 52 cases (0.1%) of fibrous scar. All cases of DFSP, epithelioid FH and other types of cutaneous neoplasms included in the current investigation were negative for ERG. The intensity of ERG immunohistochemical staining in spindle-shaped cells appeared weaker than that in endothelial cells.ConclusionsDF/FH was frequently positive for ERG immunostaining. ERG immunostaining may thus be useful to distinguish DF/FH from DFSP.
Electronarcosis protocols in broiler chickens for the halal market
Authors: Almeida Gustavo Henrique Joazeiro de , Komiyama Claudia Marie , Castilho Vivian Aparecida Rios de , Garcia Rodrigo Garófallo , Burbarelli Maria Fernanda de Castro , Souza Jacqueline Rosa , Porifio Erique Ferreira , Eberhart Bruna de Souza 
Published: March 2022

This study considered the parameters of the halal market to evaluate different protocols for broiler electronarcosis regarding time to return of consciousness, bleeding efficiency, and carcass and meat quality at a broiler slaughterhouse. One hundred and eighty-four 43-day-old male broilers of the Cobb® strain were used. The experimental design used was completely randomized with 46 broilers for each protocol. The protocols used 80 V and 600 Hz, 50 V and 1000 Hz, 60 V and 1000 Hz, and 70 V and 1000 Hz. Time to return of consciousness, bleeding efficiency, bruising, presence of broken bones in pectoral muscle, and meat quality were evaluated. Birds subjected to stunning by the 50 V and 1000 Hz protocol showed the shortest time to return of consciousness after electronarcosis, and high incidence of breast hemorrhage. Birds subjected to the 60 V and 1000 Hz protocol had a higher percentage of broken bones in the pectoralis minor. The 50 V and 1000 Hz electronarcosis protocol fits better to the halal market due to the shorter time to return of consciousness and improved bleeding efficiency. This study suggests new proposals for stunning protocols to serve the halal market.