bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patellofemoral joint load and knee abduction/adduction moment are sensitive to variations in femoral version and individual muscle forces
Authors: Wheatley Benjamin B. , Chaclas Nathan A. , Seeley Mark A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTorsional profiles of the lower limbs, such as femoral anteversion, can dictate gait and mobility, joint biomechanics and pain, and functional impairment. It currently remains unclear how the interactions between femoral anteversion, kinematics, and muscle activity patterns contribute to joint biomechanics and thus conditions such as knee pain. This study presents a computational modeling approach to investigating the interactions between femoral anteversion, muscle forces, and knee joint loads. We employed an optimal control approach to produce actuator and muscle‐driven simulations of the stance phase of gait for femoral anteversion angles ranging from −8° (retroversion) to 52° (anteversion) with a typically developing baseline of 12° of anteversion and implemented a Monte Carlo analysis for variations in lower limb muscle forces. While total patellofemoral joint load decreased with increasing femoral anteversion, patellofemoral joint load alignment worsened, and knee abduction/adduction magnitude increased with both positive and negative changes in femoral anteversion (p < 0.001). The rectus femoris muscle was found to greatly influence patellofemoral joint loads across all femoral anteversion alignments (R > 0.8, p < 0.001), and the medial gastrocnemius was found to greatly influence knee abduction/adduction moments for the extreme version cases (R > 0.74, p < 0.001). Along with the vastus lateralis, which decreased with increasing femoral anteversion (R = 0.89, p < 0.001), these muscles are prime candidates for future experimental and clinical efforts to address joint pain in individuals with extreme femoral version. These findings, along with future modeling efforts, could help clinicians better design treatment strategies for knee joint pain in populations with extreme femoral anteversion or retroversion.
Overview of the recent studies on high‐pressure impurity ices
Authors: Yoshimura Yukihiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the present short review, we briefly overview the history of ice polymorphism under high‐pressure and the recent progress on impurity ices (clathrate ice, salty ice, doped ice, empty ice, etc.), including our contributions due form high‐pressure Raman investigations to these research fields. In particular, the unique roles of impurities in ice, which are (1) acceleration of proton ordering at lower temperatures, (2) offering a clue to form new ice phases, and (3) phase transitions other than the original equilibrium stability region of pure H2O, ice are introduced. Then, as prospects, we address promising impacts on a new area of ice physics with the active use of impurities.
Astaxanthin absorption modulated antioxidant enzyme activity and targeted specific metabolic pathways in rats
Authors: Jia Zhe , Song Ru , Xu Yan , Liu Xinyan , Zhang Xiaoxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSaponification contributed to an increase in the in vitro antioxidant activity of astaxanthin (Asta) extracts derived from Penaeus sinensis (Solenocera crassicornis) by‐products. However, the influence of non‐saponification (N‐Asta) and saponification Asta (S‐Asta) absorption on antioxidant activity in vivo was limited. The antioxidant properties of N‐Asta and S‐Asta were therefore compared in Sprague Dawley male rats after 6 h and 12 of absorption using biochemistry assays combined with an untargeted metabonomics strategy.RESULTSNon‐saponified Asta and S‐Asta showed similar digestive properties in a stimulated gastrointestinal tract. Increased glutathione content and decreased malondialdehyde content were measured in the liver tissues of N‐Asta and S‐Asta treated rats after 12 h of absorption. Absorption of N‐Asta increased liver total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity. Treatment with S‐Asta up‐regulated NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase‐1, and heme oxygenase‐1 expression was associated with the nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element pathway at the end of 12 h absorption. With partial least square‐discriminant analysis and metabolite heatmap profiles, the S‐Asta group was clearly separated from the N‐Asta group. The S‐Asta treatment also demonstrated stronger influences on plasma metabolites than the N‐Asta treatment. Both N‐Asta and S‐Asta absorption showed critical roles in the regulation of specific metabolites, and 15 potential biomarkers were identified in eight key pathways to separate these experimental groups after 12 h of absorption. However, an increased serotonin level was only detected in the S‐Asta group after 12 h absorption.CONCLUSIONAbsorption of N‐Asta and S‐Asta induced different antioxidant effects in normal rats, which were associated with metabolite changes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gastroprotective effects of Caragana ambigua stocks on ethanol‐induced gastric ulcer in rats supported by LC–MS/MS characterization of formononetin and biochanin A
Authors: Rubab Faryal , Ijaz Hira , Hussain Shah , Munir Ans , Stuppner Stefan , Jakschitz Thomas , Bonn Günther K , Ishtiaq Saiqa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCaragana ambigua has been the part of the dietary routines of the regional people in south‐west Pakistan and has traditionally been used for the treatment of diabetes there. There is an increased production of reactive oxygen species in diabetics, leading to gastrointestinal disorders. Natural antioxidants exhibit gastroprotective effects owing to their free‐radical scavenging action. C. ambigua possesses appreciable phenolic and flavonoid content; thus, it has the potential to protect against gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. gastric ulcer).RESULTSThis study reports the anti‐ulcer potential of C. ambigua. Four different fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous) of plant were compared against omeprazole. Ulcer index, ulcer inhibition percentage, gastric pH and volume, total acidity, gastric protein, gastric wall mucus, and histopathology of gastric walls of rats were assessed. All fractions exhibited a reduction in ulcer index and promotion of percentage of ulcer inhibition compared with the ulcer control group. Furthermore, the fractions revealed a significant (P < 0.001) diminution in gastric volume and total acidity with an increase in pH. Among the fractions investigated, the chloroform fraction unveiled the most promising anti‐ulcer activity, which is comparable to omeprazole. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry screening of fractions revealed the presence of formononetin and biochanin A (isoflavones reported to have anti‐ulcer properties) in the chloroform fraction.CONCLUSIONThis study establishes that C. ambigua possesses significant potential in reducing gastric ulcer progression. Formononetin and biochanin A are chiefly responsible for the stated bioactivity due to the fact that these compounds were solely present in the chloroform fraction. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Application of albumin‐bilirubin grade and platelet count to indocyanine green‐based criteria for hepatectomy: Predicting impaired liver function and postoperative outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takamoto Takeshi , Nara Satoshi , Ban Daisuke , Nagashima Daisuke , Mizui Takahiro , Esaki Minoru , Shimada Kazuaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundApplicability of the albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade in preoperative decision‐making criteria based on the indocyanine green retention (ICG) test remains unclear. This study aimed to predict abnormal ICG values using standard blood tests and evaluate the impact on postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsData on 949 consecutive HCC patients undergoing curative‐intent hepatectomy between 1996 and 2014 were retrospectively assessed. A nomogram using preoperative standard blood tests was created to predict abnormal ICGR15 (>15%).ResultsThree‐hundred nine patients had abnormal ICGR15. Predictors of abnormal ICGR15 included in the nomogram were: ALBI grade >1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–2.94), platelet count <130 000/mm3 (HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.68–3.08), aspartate aminotransferase >50 (IU/L) (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.29–2.81), and viral hepatitis infection (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.07). The nomogram named the PLT‐ALBI score was discriminative [C‐statistics: 0.719 (0.684–0.754)], and reliable (Hosmer‐Lemeshow Chi‐Square: 9.05, p = 0.338). The higher PLT‐ALBI score was associated with a more frequent incidence of clinically relevant posthepatectomy liver failure and poor overall survival.ConclusionsThe PLT‐ALBI score is applicable in distinguishing HCC patients with abnormal ICGR15. Patients with higher PLT‐ALBI score require more careful postoperative care, despite following the ICG criteria.
Quality of life following lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy is significantly related to hypothyroidism
Authors: Yaniv Dan , Vainer Igor , Amir Ido , Robenshtok Eyal , Hirsch Dania , Watt Torquil , Hilly Ohad , Shkedy Yotam , Shpitzer Thomas , Bachar Gideon , Feinmesser Raphael , Mizrachi Aviram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in quality of life (QOL) following complete or partial thyroidectomy and with regard to thyroid hormone replacement (LT4) therapy.Study DesignPatients who underwent thyroidectomy were asked to complete the validated thyroid‐specific ThyPRO QOL questionnaire at least 6 months following surgery.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsThyroid specific QOL questionnaire analysis.ResultsA total of 190 patients completed the ThyPRO questionnaire. Of them 89 patients had complete thyroidectomy and 101 patients had unilateral thyroid lobectomy. The total thyroidectomy group had significantly worse overall QOL self‐assessment score than the lobectomy patients (p < 0.0001). Patients receiving LT4 therapy regardless of the extent of surgery, reported worse QOL compared to patients not receiving LT4.ConclusionsQuality of life following thyroid surgery is significantly related to hypothyroidism and the requirement for LT4 therapy, rather to the extent of surgery. The best QOL was reported in patients treated with lobectomy who did not require LT4 therapy.
Morphogenesis of Cell‐Shaped Assemblies via Heterotypic Assembly of Cyclic Triblock Peptides
Authors: Kim Hyoseok , Ko Sooho , Park Keunwan , Lim Yong‐beom 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the high prevalence and functional significance of nonregular assemblies in biology, little attention has been given to realize them in artificial systems. Here, the discovery of general principles underlying the formation of nonregular objects is described by chemical self‐assembly. The cell‐shaped assemblies (CSAs) are characterized by a main body comprising a nonregular vesicle and dendritically shaped spiky projections. The major mechanisms of CSA morphogenesis are: first, polycrystalline structures consisting of grains and grain boundaries induce the formation of nonregular objects by promoting nonuniform supramolecular crystal growth. Second, the fibrous nanostructures in 2D networks and in 1D bundles firmly support the main body and the spiky projections, respectively. This study also shows that there exist certain connections among entirely disparate entities, that is, organic supramolecular assemblies, inorganic materials, and cells regarding their fundamental principles of building block organizations. The principle behind the CSA formation can be applied to control the dynamic and mechanical properties of self‐assembled materials.
Ternary Memory Behavior of Carbazole‐Based Donor–Acceptor Polymer and CdS NPs Composites
Authors: Dou Feng , Zhao Xiaofeng , Gao Meng , He Zhaohua , Wang Shuao , Liu Hanzhou , Wang Shuhong , Wang Cheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMulti‐level memory can greatly improve information density, so it has been widely studied. In this study, a carbazole‐based donor–acceptor polymer poly[2,7‐9‐(heptadecan‐9‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole‐alt‐7H‐benzimidazo[2,1‐a]benz[de]isoquinolin‐7‐one] (PCz‐BB) is synthesized, which exhibits flash‐type ternary memory behavior. Further, CdS nanoparticles (NPs) are embedded into the prepared polymer to enhance the storage performance. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of memory devices based on PCz‐BB:CdS composites and the effect of the embedding ratio of CdS NPs on the memory devices are studied. It is verified that the ON2/ON1/OFF current ratios of the devices at low CdS embedding concentrations are improved, and the threshold voltages are also reduced. The memory device based on the optimal embedding concentration (3 wt% CdS) exhibits a high ON2/ON1/OFF current ratio of 18631:72:1, a low threshold voltage of −0.40/−1.20 V, and excellent stability. The mechanism of resistive switching is explained by the theory of charge traps and conductive filaments. This work provides a new avenue for high‐performance multi‐level organic electrical storage materials.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Polymer Science: A Review
Authors: Valdez Sara , Robertson Mark , Qiang Zhe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a non‐invasive characterization method for studying molecular structures and dynamics, providing high spatial resolution at nanometer scale. Over the past decades, FRET‐based measurements are developed and widely implemented in synthetic polymer systems for understanding and detecting a variety of nanoscale phenomena, enabling significant advances in polymer science. In this review, the basic principles of fluorescence and FRET are briefly discussed. Several representative research areas are highlighted, where FRET spectroscopy and imaging can be employed to reveal polymer morphology and kinetics. These examples include understanding polymer micelle formation and stability, detecting guest molecule release from polymer host, characterizing supramolecular assembly, imaging composite interfaces, and determining polymer chain conformations and their diffusion kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the opportunities of FRET‐based measurements is provided for further allowing their greater contributions in this exciting area.
In vivo visualization of fluorescence reflecting CDK4 activity in a breast cancer mouse model
Authors: Gao Yi‐Yang , Yang Rui‐Qin , Lou Kang‐Liang , Dang Yong‐Ying , Dong Yuan‐Yuan , He Yue‐Yang , Huang Wen‐He , Chen Min , Zhang Guo‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe CDK4/6‐Rb axis is a crucial target of cancer therapy and several selective inhibitors of it have been approved for clinical application. However, current therapeutic efficacy evaluation mostly relies on anatomical imaging, which cannot directly reflect changes in drug targets, leading to a delay in the selection of optimal treatment. In this study, we constructed a novel fluorescent probe, CPP30‐Lipo/CDKACT4, for real‐time monitoring of CDK4 activity and the therapeutic efficacy of its inhibitor in HR+/HER2– breast cancer. CPP30‐Lipo/CDKACT4 exhibited good optical stability and targetability. The signal of the probe in living cells decreased after CDK4 knockdown or palbociclib treatment. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of the tumors after 7 days of palbociclib treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment, while no significant change in tumor diameter was observed under magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, we developed an innovative fluorescent probe that can monitor CDK4 activity and the early therapeutic response to CDK4 inhibitors in living cells and in vivo. It may provide a new strategy for evaluating antitumor therapeutic efficacy in a clinical context and for drug development.
Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Levodopa‐Responsiveness in Holmes' Tremor: A Video‐Based Case‐Series with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Mishra Anumeha , Pandey Sanjay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHolmes' tremor (HT) is a low‐frequency tremor characterized by a combination of rest, posture, and action components. We are reporting the clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and levodopa responsiveness in 12 patients with HT.CasesThe majority of the patients were male (11/12). Dystonia was observed in 10 patients and the remaining two patients had head tremor, a “forme‐fruste” of cervical dystonia. The underlying etiologies were vascular (n = 8), head trauma (n = 2), and tumor resection (n = 2). Neuroimaging showed isolated involvement of the midbrain in four, thalamus in two, and basal ganglia and cerebellum in one patient each. A combination of the lesion (thalamus and cerebellum = 2; cerebellopontine angle = 1, and cortical/subcortical = 1) was present in four patients. Levodopa responsiveness was seen in 75% of patients including one with levodopa‐induced dyskinesia.Literature ReviewOf 139 patients from 49 studies, levodopa was tried in 123 patients. Improvement with levodopa was seen in 71 patients (57.72%). No improvement with levodopa was observed in 33 patients (26.82%) and details regarding therapeutic response were unavailable in 19 patients (15.44%).ConclusionsDystonia is an important clinical manifestation of HT. Levodopa responsiveness seen in the majority of the patients is consistent with the hypothesis that nigrostriatal pathway damage is crucial for the pathophysiology of HT.
Geste Antagoniste Effects on Motor Performance in Dystonia—A Kinematic Study
Authors: Newby Rachel , Muhamed Siti , Alty Jane , Cosgrove Jeremy , Jamieson Stuart , Smith Stephen , Kempster Peter 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe kinematic effects of gestes have not previously been studied. The mechanism(s) by which these sensory tricks modify dystonic movement is not well understood.ObjectivesA kinematic investigation of the geste phenomenon in patients with dystonia.MethodsTwenty‐three patients with dystonia associated with a geste were studied. Twenty‐nine healthy controls also participated. Fifteen seconds of finger tapping was recorded by electromagnetic sensors, and the task was repeated with geste. Separable motor components were extracted using a custom‐written MATLAB script. Performance with and without geste was compared using Wilcoxon signed ranks testing.ResultsSpeed and fluency of finger tapping is impaired in dystonia. When patients executed their geste, speed of movement (amplitude × frequency) increased (P < 0.0001), and halts decreased (P = 0.007).ConclusionsThat gestes improve not only dystonic muscle contraction but also the efficiency of voluntary movement suggests a broad influence at the premotor control stage.
End‐user satisfaction with Hurricane Dorian information in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Silver Amber , Finnis Joel , Behlendorf Brandon , Reid‐Musson Emily 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBoth Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have focused significant time and resources towards improving their forecast products. However, weather prediction remains an imperfect science, and as such, it is not unusual for meteorologists to prioritize accuracy over consistency or vice versa. There is considerable debate within the literature about whether (and how) inaccuracies and/or inconsistencies in forecasting will affect end‐user trust in future warnings. Hurricane Dorian presented the opportunity to explore the intersection between these concepts as its messaging was at times both inaccurate (e.g., then‐President Donald J. Trump indicated the storm would directly affect the state of Alabama) and inconsistent (i.e., both the storm's forecasted intensity and track changed over time). Two research projects were undertaken in Atlantic Canada: the first utilized semi‐structured interviews to examine the ways that ECCC meteorologists (n = 6) perceived the needs of their end‐users during the storm. There was considerable concern that changes in the storm's forecasted track and intensity would negatively influence public response. The second project utilized a large sample questionnaire (n = 1218) to examine ways that end‐users searched for, shared, and responded to storm‐related information. Despite changes in the storm's track and intensity as it approached Atlantic Canada, as well as the international news coverage of Sharpiegate, respondents overwhelmingly agreed that the storm was well forecasted and its impacts were well predicted. The implications for this (seemingly) contradictory response are explored in the context of probabilistic forecast potential.
The gain and noise figure comparison of single‐pass, double‐pass, and dual‐stage triple‐pass thulium‐doped fiber amplifiers in S‐band with thulium‐doped fiber optimization
Authors: Yucel Murat , Dincer Ayten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study presents a comparison of three different S‐band thulium‐doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) designs. The gain performances of the amplifiers are analyzed based on each scheme, separately. With −20 dBm input power, to provide ground‐state and excited‐state absorptions, the 1050 nm pump is used in all designs. The thulium‐doped fiber (TDF) lengths are optimized for maximum gain by using the single parameter single result optimization of Optisystem 18.0 software. A reflector is integrated into the double‐pass and dual‐stage triple‐pass TDFA to allow double propagation. Compared to double‐pass TDFA, in dual‐stage triple‐pass TDFA design, gain values increased without changing the stable bandwidth. 42.77 dB gain is demonstrated for two optimized TDF lengths; L1: 5 m and L2: 4.8 m, while noise figure values are higher than the other schemes. This comparison is important to show that the dual‐stage triple‐pass TDFA design could be suitable for obtaining higher gain in wider stable bandwidth in the fiber optic communication systems.
A nonconforming SO‐DGTD method with local time‐stepping for the simulation of nanophotonic
Authors: Liu Bingqi , Xu Li , Wang Hao , Yang Siyi , Liu Hangxin , Huang Shucheng , Huang Tao , Li Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis letter introduces an efficient shift operator discontinuous Galerkin time domain (SO‐DGTD) method with both nonconforming and local time stepping techniques for the simulation of nanophotonic problems. In this method, the constitutive relation of metallic properties is described by introducing the shift operator method (SO) and the relation of electric field and electric displacement can be obtained in the time domain. To make the nanophotonic simulation more efficient, we introduce the non‐conforming technique based on upwind numerical flux to SO‐DGTD method. In addition, we further introduce the local time stepping technique to SO‐DGTD method to improve the computational efficiency for nanophotonic problems with complex structures. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A novel design for frequency reconfigurable antennas
Authors: Row Jeen‐Sheen , Chen Jun‐Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA design of frequency reconfigurable patch antennas is presented. The antenna has a radiating patch perpendicular to the ground plane, and it can be regarded as a one‐dimensional suspended patch antenna. By placing two varactors between the radiating patch and ground plane, the operation frequency of the antenna can be tuned from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz, and a stable broadside radiation pattern with low cross‐polarization can be obtained within the operation bandwidth. A prototype of the proposed reconfigurable antenna is constructed. Both measured and simulated results of the prototype are given, and the differences between them are shown.