bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning of ECG waveforms for diagnosis of heart failure with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Choi JungMin , Lee Sungjae , Chang Mineok , Lee Yeha , Oh Gyu Chul , Lee Hae-Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe performance and clinical implications of the deep learning aided algorithm using electrocardiogram of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (DeepECG-HFrEF) were evaluated in patients with acute HF. The DeepECG-HFrEF algorithm was trained to identify left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), defined by an ejection fraction (EF) < 40%. Symptomatic HF patients admitted at Seoul National University Hospital between 2011 and 2014 were included. The performance of DeepECG-HFrEF was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values. The 5-year mortality according to DeepECG-HFrEF results was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. A total of 690 patients contributing 18,449 ECGs were included with final 1291 ECGs eligible for the study (mean age 67.8 ± 14.4 years; men, 56%). HFrEF (+) identified an EF < 40% and HFrEF (−) identified EF ≥ 40%. The AUC value was 0.844 for identifying HFrEF among patients with acute symptomatic HF. Those classified as HFrEF (+) showed lower survival rates than HFrEF (−) (log-rank p < 0.001). The DeepECG-HFrEF algorithm can discriminate HFrEF in a real-world HF cohort with acceptable performance. HFrEF (+) was associated with higher mortality rates. The DeepECG-HFrEF algorithm may help in identification of LVSD and of patients at risk of worse survival in resource-limited settings.
Deubiquitinase USP19 extends the residual enzymatic activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase variants
Authors: Sarodaya Neha , Tyagi Apoorvi , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kang Ju-Seop , Singh Vijai , Hong Seok-Ho , Kim Woo Jin , Kim Kye-Seong , Ramakrishna Suresh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is a key enzyme in mammals that maintains the phenylalanine (Phe) concentration at an appropriate physiological level. Some genetic mutations in the PAH gene lead to destabilization of the PAH enzyme, leading to phenylketonuria (PKU). Destabilized PAH variants can have a certain amount of residual enzymatic activity that is sufficient for metabolism of Phe. However, accelerated degradation of those variants can lead to insufficient amounts of cellular PAH protein. The optimal protein level of PAH in cells is regulated by a balancing act between E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). In this work, we analyzed the protein expression and stability of two PKU-linked PAH protein variants, R241C and R243Q, prevalent in the Asian population. We found that the tested PAH variants were highly ubiquitinated and thus targeted for rapid protein degradation. We demonstrated that USP19, a DUB that interacts with both PAH variants, plays a regulatory role by extending their half-lives. The deubiquitinating activity of USP19 prevents protein degradation and increases the abundance of both PAH protein variants. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which deubiquitinating activity of USP19 extends the residual enzymatic activity of PAH variants.
Evaluation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of essential oils and aromatic extracts
Authors: Strub Daniel Jan , Talma Michał , Strub Maria , Rut Wioletta , Zmudzinski Mikolaj , Brud Władysław , Neyts Johan , Vangeel Laura , Zhang Linlin , Sun Xinyuanyuan , Lv Zongyang , Nayak Digant , Olsen Shaun K. , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Jochmans Dirk , Drąg Marcin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEssential oils and aromatic extracts (oleoresins, absolutes, concretes, resinoids) are often used as food flavorings and constituents of fragrance compositions. The flavor and fragrance industry observed significant growth in the sales of some natural materials during the COVID-19 outbreak. Some companies worldwide are making false claims regarding the effectiveness of their essential oils or blends (or indirectly point toward this conclusion) against coronaviruses, even though the available data on the activity of plant materials against highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are very scarce. Our exploratory study aimed to develop pioneering knowledge and provide the first experimental results on the inhibitory properties of hundreds of flavor and fragrance materials against SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like proteases and the antiviral potential of the most active protease inhibitors. As essential oils are volatile products, they could provide an interesting therapeutic strategy for subsidiary inhalation in the long term.
Excreted secreted products from the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae manipulate the Drosophila melanogaster immune response
Authors: Jones Kirah , Tafesh-Edwards Ghada , Kenney Eric , Toubarro Duarte , Simões Nelson , Eleftherianos Ioannis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSteinernema carpocapsae is an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) that rapidly infects and kills a wide range of insect hosts and has been linked to host immunosuppression during the initial stages of infection. The lethal nature of S. carpocapsae infections has previously been credited to its symbiotic bacteria; however, it has become evident that the nematodes are able to effectively kill their hosts independently through their excretion/secretion products (ESPs). Here we examined how the adult Drosophila melanogaster immune system is modulated in response to S. carpocapsae ESPs in an attempt to ascertain individual pathogenic contributions of the isolated compound. We found that the S. carpocapsae ESPs decrease the survival of D. melanogaster adult flies, they induce the expression of certain antimicrobial peptide-encoding genes, and they cause significant reduction in phenoloxidase enzyme activity and delay in the melanization response in males flies. We also report that S. carpocapsae ESPs affect hemocyte numbers in both male and female individuals. Our results indicate the manipulative role of EPN ESPs and reveal sex-specific differences in the host response against nematode infection factors. These findings are beneficial as they promote our understanding of the molecular basis of nematode pathogenicity and the parasite components that influence nematode-host interactions.
Laser-assisted explosive synthesis and transfer of turbostratic graphene-related materials for energy conversion applications
Authors: Bhorkar Kapil , Samartzis Nikolaos , Athanasiou Michail , Sygellou Labrini , Boukos Nikos , Dracopoulos Vassilios , Ioannides Theophilos , Yannopoulos Spyros N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProduction of high-grade graphene-like materials using a simple, reliable processes and its simultaneous transfer onto soft surfaces have not yet achieved; hence impeding wide-ranging graphene applications. Even more complex processes are required to prepare graphene-based nanohybrids, which offer additional synergistic functionalities in relation to graphene. Here, an uncomplicated and scalable process to prepare high-purity few-layer turbostratic graphene and graphene/SiOxnanohybrids is demonstrated employing laser-mediated explosive synthesis and transfer of graphene flakes. The process is capable of producing, and simultaneously transferring, graphene flakes on any substrate, such as polymer, glass, metal, ceramics, etc. Graphene and nanohybrids exhibitsp2structures of turbostratic stacking, with low sheet resistance and very high (~30) C/O ratio. The merits of the method are showcased by two energy-related examples, flexible single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators and electric double-layer capacitors. This method emerges as a paradigm of additive manufacturing for graphene-based devices with impact for applications in flexible electronics.
A tissue-level phenome-wide network map of colocalized genes and phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Rocheleau Ghislain , Forrest Iain S. , Duffy Áine , Bafna Shantanu , Dobbyn Amanda , Verbanck Marie , Won Hong-Hee , Jordan Daniel M. , Do Ron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhenome-wide association studies identified numerous loci associated with traits and diseases. To help interpret these associations, we constructed a phenome-wide network map of colocalized genes and phenotypes. We generated colocalized signals using the Genotype-Tissue Expression data and genome-wide association results in UK Biobank. We identified 9151 colocalized genes for 1411 phenotypes across 48 tissues. Then, we constructed bipartite networks using the colocalized signals in each tissue, and showed that the majority of links were observed in a single tissue. We applied the biLouvain clustering algorithm in each tissue-specific network to identify co-clusters of genes and phenotypes. We observed significant enrichments of these co-clusters with known biological and functional gene classes. Overall, the phenome-wide map provides links between genes, phenotypes and tissues, and can yield biological and clinical discoveries.
Electrically tuneable terahertz metasurface enabled by a graphene/gold bilayer structure
Authors: Squires Andrew D. , Gao Xiang , Du Jia , Han Zhaojun , Seo Dong Han , Cooper James S. , Murdock Adrian T. , Lam Simon K. H. , Zhang Ting , van der Laan Tim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReconfigurable terahertz electronics devices with high tuneability are pivotal for next-generation high speed wireless communication and sensing technologies. Significant challenges exist for realizing these devices, particularly on the design of smart metastructures that can manipulate electromagnetic radiation at the terahertz frequencies and the fabrication of devices with effective tuneability and reconfigurability. Here, we incorporate graphene into a graphene/gold bilayer superimposed metamaterial structure, which enables efficient electrical tuning of terahertz waves. A 0.2 THz frequency-selective absorber is designed and experimentally developed using this graphene/gold bilayer metamaterial approach. The device demonstrates 16 dB amplitude tuning at 0.2 THz resonance and over 95% broadband modulation at just 6 V bias voltage while maintaining a benchmark high-quality factor resonance performance. The design and fabrication methods presented can be readily applied to produce a myriad of tuneable terahertz devices required for high-speed, reconfigurable THz wireless communication and sensing technologies.
Convolutional non‐local spatial‐temporal learning for multi‐modality action recognition
Authors: Ren Ziliang , Yuan Huaqiang , Wei Wenhong , Zhao Tiezhu , Zhang Qieshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraditional deep convolutional networks have shown that both RGB and depth are complementary for video action recognition. However, it is difficult to enhance the action recognition accuracy because of the limitation of the single convolutional networks to extract the underlying relationship and complementary features between these two kinds of modalities. The authors proposed a novel two stream convolutional networks for multi‐modality action recognition by joint optimisation learning to extract global features from RGB and depth sequences. Specifically, a non‐local multi‐modality compensation block is introduced to learn the semantic fusion features for the recognition performance. Experimental results on two multi‐modality human action datasets, including NTU RGB+D 120 and PKU‐MMD dataset, verify the effectiveness of our proposed recognition framework and demonstrate that the proposed non‐local multi‐modality compensation block can learn complementary features and enhance the recognition accuracy.
Attribute coordinate system‐based representation and application method of affective cognition
Authors: Zhou Ruqi , Chang Huiyou , Lu Yonghe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe traditional fuzzy Petri nets (FPNs) rarely contain the affective features when making reasoning decisions, primarily because the existing affective computing model is not suitable to be described directly in FPNs. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces an attribute coordinate system and puts forward the affective representation and computing model based on the extraction and integration relationship between the attributes of things, which describes the affective change curve according to the cognition of the thinking subject to the attributes of the decision object. With this new model of affective computing, it is more convenient to utilize a qualitative mapping model and fuzzy qualitative judgment rules to express affective decisions and conveniently describe affective attributes in FPNs. A reasoning decision case illustrates the proposed method's feasibility and advantages.
Prediction method of line loss rate in low‐voltage distribution network based on multi‐dimensional information matrix and dimensional attention mechanism‐long‐and short‐term time‐series network
Authors: Zhang Zhanlong , Yang Yu , Zhao Hui , Xiao Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLine loss accounts for most of the energy loss in low‐voltage distribution network. Accurate prediction of line loss rate (LLR) is of great significance to eliminate abnormal transmission line faults in time and ensure power supply safety. The existing prediction methods for LLR seldom consider the seasonal trend data that affect it, and there is a hysteresis effect in predicting non‐stationary line loss sequences. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a prediction method based on multi‐dimensional information matrix and dimensional attention mechanism‐long‐and short‐term time‐series network (DAM‐LSTNet). Firstly, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) method is used to screen the distribution network characteristics and seasonal trend parameters. Secondly, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method optimized by the genetic algorithm is used to decompose the historical line loss data and form a multi‐dimensional information matrix with the screened characteristic parameters of the network. Finally, the multi‐dimensional information matrix is put into the LSTNet network with dimensional attention mechanism to predict the LLR. The example analysis shows that compared with the existing methods, it has the advantages of sufficient consideration of prediction parameters, adaptive changes of prediction weights, weak hysteresis effect and high prediction accuracy.
A novel microgrid power quality assessment model based on multivariate Gaussian distribution and local sensitivity analysis
Authors: Shi HongTao , Su Gang , Pan Juntao , Feng Kun , Zhou Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe reasonable power quality assessment model of microgrid is significant to the planning and management for a microgrid. In the power quality assessment, how to extract and integrate the implicative information in different evaluation indicators, to realize the comprehensive power quality assessment, are needs to be further studied. To solve the above problems, a microgrid power quality assessment model based on multivariate Gaussian distribution and local sensitivity analysis is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the probability density function is used to integrate the individual assessment indicators, and the correlation between the assessment indicators is reflected by the covariance matrix, and then the above characteristics of evaluation indicators are quantized to be as the indicator weights by using the local sensitivity. Comparing with the traditional power quality assessment method, the proposed evaluation model is more suitable for microgrid. Finally, an example is developed to verify that the overall situation of microgrid power quality can be reasonably reflected by the proposed evaluation model.
Improved active power control of virtual synchronous generator for enhancing transient stability
Authors: Li Kongyuan , Cheng Peng , Wang Letian , Tian Xinshou , Ma Jing , Jia Limin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVirtual synchronous generators (VSGs) are widely used as grid‐forming control converters in the inverter‐dominated power system. Similar to synchronous generators (SGs), there would also be transient instability of VSGs under certain conditions. In this paper, the transient dynamics of VSGs during gird faults are fully investigated based on the large‐signal model. It is revealed that the significant deteriorative of active power control loop (APCL) is the main factor on the transient stability of VSGs. Thus, for enhancing transient stability during grid faults, an integrator‐based feedback loop is introduced for APCL. Then, an enhanced active power control of VSGs is presented with transient stability enhancement during grid faults. Moreover, the impacts of different integral parameters on the transient stability of VSGs are studied. Finally, the validity of the transient stability enhancement of VSGs is demonstrated by the hardware‐in‐loop (HIL) results.
IRIS burst properties in active regions
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Kleint L. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) bursts are localised features thought to be driven by magnetic reconnection. Although these events are well-studied, it remains unknown whether their properties vary as their host active regions (ARs) evolve.
Aims. In this article, we aim to understand whether the measurable properties (e.g. frequency, area, location, spectral characteristics) of IRIS bursts are consistent during the evolution of their host ARs.
Methods. We study 42 dense 400-step rasters sampled by IRIS. These rasters each covered one of seven ARs, with each AR being sampled at least four times over a minimum of 48 h. An automated IRIS burst detection algorithm is used to identify IRIS burst profiles in this work. Data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager are also used to provide context about the co-spatial line-of-sight magnetic field.
Results. Of the rasters studied, 36 (86%) were found to contain IRIS burst profiles. Five ARs (11850, 11909, 11916, 12104, and 12139) contained IRIS burst profiles in each raster that sampled them whilst one AR (11871) was found to contain no IRIS burst profiles at any time. A total of 4019 IRIS burst profiles belonging to 752 connected objects, which we define as parent IRIS bursts, were studied. IRIS burst profiles were only detected within compact regions in each raster, with these regions appearing to increase in size as the host ARs aged. No systematic changes in the frequency of IRIS burst profiles or the spectral characteristic of IRIS burst profiles through time were found for these ARs. Finally, 93% of parent IRIS bursts with areas between 1 arcsec2 and 4 arcsec2 were observed to occur co-spatial to bi-poles in the photosphere.
Conclusions. IRIS bursts are small-scale brightenings which have remarkably consistent spectral and spatial properties throughout the evolution of ARs. These events predominantly form within the cores of larger and more complex ARs, with the regions containing these events appearing to increase in size as the host region itself evolves.
Manipulation of Stroke Rate in Swimming: Effects on Oxygen Uptake
Kinetics
Authors: Franken Marcos , Figueiredo Pedro , De Assis Correia Ricardo , Feitosa Wellington Gomes , Lazzari Caetano Decian , Diefenthaeler Fernando , Castro Flávio Souza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the effect of different front crawl stroke rates (SRs)
in the oxygen uptake (̇VO2) kinetics and ̇VO2 peak, the total time to
exhaustion (TTE), and blood lactate concentration ([La]) at 95% of the
400-m front crawl test (T400) mean speed (S400). Twelve endurance swimmers
performed a T400 and four trials at 95% of the S400: (i) free SR, (ii)
fixed SR (100% of the average free SR trial), (iii) reduced SR
(90% of the average free SR trial), and (iv) increased SR (110%
of the average free SR trial). ̇VO2 was accessed continuously
with breath-by-breath analysis. The results highlighted: (i) the time constant
at increased SR (13.3±4.2 s) was lower than in the reduced SR
condition (19.5±2.6 s); (ii) the amplitude of the primary phase
of ̇VO2 kinetics in the fixed SR
(44.0±5.8 ml·kg-1·min-1)
was higher than in the increased SR condition
(39.5±6.4 ml·kg-1·min-1);
and (iii) TTE was lower in the fixed SR (396.1±189.7 s) than the
increased SR condition (743.0±340.0 s). The results indicate
that controlled SR could be considered a swimming training strategy, focusing on
physiological parameters overload.
Challenges and Controversies in the Management of Tuberculous Meningitis with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review and Sarawak Institution's Experience
Authors: Yiek Siew-Hong , Wong Albert Sii-Hieng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction To date, there are no standard practice guidelines available and no universal consensus regarding treatment protocol in management of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with hydrocephalus. Over the years, diverse views have existed in neurosurgical management of TBM with hydrocephalus. Some authors advocate ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt, while others suggest that external ventricular drainage (EVD) may be the preferable neurosurgical procedure for a poor-grade patient.Method We systematically reviewed published literature and presented our institution's experience. We performed a retrospective case study in our Sarawak neurosurgical center from 2018 to 2020. We tabulated the outcome according to preoperative classifications, which were Vellore Grading (VG), Modified Vellore Grading (MVG), British Medical Research Council Classification (MRC), and others: author-defined.Result In our center, there were 20 cases of TBM with hydrocephalus treated by EVD and VP shunt from 2018 to 2020. We systematically searched published medical literature, and 23 articles were retrieved and analyzed. Poor outcomes were observed in poor-grade patients, especially VG/MVG 3/4 and MRC 3, from both institution and systemic review data. Shunt complication rate was lower in our center as compared with published literature.Conclusion Unfortunately, morbidity and mortality were approximately twofold higher in poor-grade as compared with good-grade patients. However, about one-third of poor-grade patients achieved a good outcome. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion would be an unavoidable treatment for hydrocephalus. Poor-grade patients tend to have cerebral infarcts in addition to hydrocephalus. An extended duration of EVD placement could be a potential measure to assess Glasgow coma scale recovery and monitor serial CSF samples.
The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hussain Md Sadique , Sharma Ganesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that produces respiratory symptoms and has serious consequences for people's cardiovascular systems (CVS). It is a severe issue and a major task not only for health care experts but also for governments to contain this pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the human coronavirus family to be implicated in this zoonotic outbreak. COVID-19's CV interactions are comparable to those of SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and influenza. Those who have COVID-19 and underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are at a higher risk of serious illness and mortality, and disease has been linked to several direct and indirect CV consequences. COVID-19 causes CVDs such as arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, myocarditis, stress-cardiomyopathy, and acute myocardial damage (AMD) as a consequence of acute coronary syndrome. The provision of CV care may expose health care professionals to risk as they become hosts or vectors of viral transmission. It binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, causing constitutional and pulmonary signs in the beginning, and then as the infection advances, it affects other organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, CVS, neurological system, and so on. COVID-19 mortality is increased by underlying CVDs comorbidities.