bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Data Security Concerns Can Hinder Natural Experiment Research: Background and Potential Solutions
Authors: Pesko Michael F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Health economists conducting cancer-related research often use geocoded data to analyze natural experiments generated by policy changes. These natural experiments can provide causal interpretation under certain conditions. Despite public health benefit of this rigorous natural experiment methodology, data providers are often reluctant to provide geocoded data because of confidentiality concerns. This paper provides an example of the value of natural experiments from e-cigarette research and shows how this research was hindered by security concerns. Although the tension between data access and security will not be resolved overnight, this paper offers 3 recommendations: 1) provide public access to aggregated data at area levels (eg, state) where possible; 2) approve projects with enough time to allow for publication in journals with lengthy peer-review times; and 3) improve communication and transparency between data providers and the research community. The Foundations for Evidence Based Policymaking Act of 2018 also presents a unique opportunity for improving the ability of researchers to use geocoded data for natural experiment research without compromising data security.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement failure: a case report of the bicuspid aortic valve type 0 with a single coronary artery
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Suzuki Masato , Takayanagi Ryo , Ohori Shunsuke , Ito Toshiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the treatment of choice for aortic stenosis. However, its safety and efficacy in patients with the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) remain controversial. Especially, whether the BAV phenotype affects outcomes following TAVR remains debated. Despite the higher ellipticity index and more calcifications of the aortic annulus in type 1 BAV, a high residual gradient was observed in type 0 anatomy. Moreover, severe calcification of the cusps rather than aortic annulus in type 0 is predisposed to asymmetrical under-expansion of the prosthesis at the edge of the native aortic cusp. We report the rare case of a patient with BAV stenosis type 0 and single coronary artery receiving TAVR, subsequently requiring surgical aortic valve replacement. The extensive non-coronary cusp calcification caused under-expansion of the prosthesis and was protruded into the left ventricular outflow tract, leading to an obstruction.
Systematic upper limits on the size of missing pulsar glitches in the first UTMOST open data release
Authors: Dunn L , Melatos A , Suvorova S , Moran W , Evans R J , Osłowski S , Lower M E , Bailes M , Flynn C , Gupta V 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
A systematic, semi-automated search for pulsar glitches in the first UTMOST public data release is presented. The search is carried out using a hidden Markov model which incorporates both glitches and timing noise into the model of the assumed phase evolution of the pulsar. Glitches are detected through Bayesian model selection between models with and without glitches present with minimal human intervention. Nine glitches are detected among seven objects, all of which have been previously reported. No new glitches were detected. Injection studies are used to place 90 per cent frequentist upper limits on the size of undetected glitches in each of the 282 objects searched. The mean upper limit obtained is $\Delta f^{90{{\%}}}/f = 1.9 \times 10^{-8}$, with a range of $4.1 \times 10^{-11} \le \Delta f^{90{{\%}}}/f \le 2.7 \times 10^{-7}$, assuming step events with no post-glitch recoveries. It is demonstrated that including glitch recovery has a mild effect, in most cases increasing the upper limit by a factor of ≲5 conservatively assuming complete recovery on a time-scale of $100\ \mathrm{d}$.
The cosmological simulation code CONCEPT 1.0
Authors: Dakin Jeppe , Hannestad Steen , Tram Thomas 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present version 1.0 of the cosmological simulation code $\rm{{\small CO}{{\small N}}{\small CEPT}}$, designed for simulations of large-scale structure formation. $\rm{{\small CO}{\rm{\small N}}{\small CEPT}}$ 1.0 contains a P3M gravity solver, with the short-range part implemented using a novel (sub)tiling strategy, coupled with individual and adaptive particle time-stepping. A primary objective of $\rm{{\small CO}{\rm{\small N}}{\small CEPT}}$ is ease of use. To this end, it has built-in initial condition generation and can produce output in the form of snapshots, power spectra, and direct visualizations. $\rm{{\small CO}{\rm{\small N}}{\small CEPT}}$ is the first massively parallel cosmological simulation code written in Python. Despite of this, excellent performance is obtained, even comparing favourably to other codes such as gadget at similar precision, in the case of low to moderate clustering. By means of power-spectrum comparisons we find extraordinary good agreement between $\rm{{\small CO}{\rm{\small N}}{\small CEPT}}$ 1.0 and gadget. At large and intermediate scales the codes agree to well below the per mille level, while the agreement at the smallest scales probed ($k \sim 13\ h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$) is of the order of 1 per cent. The $\rm{{\small CO}{\rm{\small N}}{\small CEPT}}$ code is openly released and comes with a robust installation script as well as thorough documentation.
3-methylhistidine and clinical outcomes in maintenance haemodialysis patients
Authors: Bres Emilie , Pagan Cécile , Bouchara Anaïs , Pastural Myriam , Granjon Samuel , Laville Maurice , Fouque Denis , Soulage Christophe O , Koppe Laetitia 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic kidney disease is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) is the by-product of actin and myosin degradation reflecting skeletal muscle turnover. Markedly elevated 3-MH levels have been documented in uraemic patients, but the interpretation of high 3-MH concentration in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients remains unclear. Indeed, it is not known whether elevated serum 3-MH levels are a marker of excessive muscle catabolism or a better lean tissue mass. Here, we evaluated the association between serum 3-MH levels and clinical outcomes in these patients.MethodsSerum 3-MH concentration was measured by reverse-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in a cohort of MHD patients. We analysed the relationships between various clinical/laboratory indices, lean tissue mass measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy, mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events.ResultsSerum 3-MH concentration was positively correlated with serum albumin, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), simplified creatinine index (SCI) and lean tissue mass. Of 291 MHD patients, during a mean follow-up of 847 days, 91 patients died and 101 patients experienced a CV event. Survival was significantly better in patients with high 3-MH concentrations (P = .002). A higher level of 3-MH was also associated with a lower CV mortality and lower incidence of CV events (P = .015 and P &lt; .001, respectively). Low serum 3-MH levels remained significantly associated with CV events but not with mortality after adjustment for demographic, metabolic and CV risk factors.ConclusionElevated serum 3-MH concentration appears to be a marker of better lean tissue mass and nutritional status. Low serum 3-MH is a robust and independent predictor of CV events in the MHD population.
Proposal for individualized dosing of eculizumab in atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: patient friendly and cost-effective
Authors: ter Avest Mendy , Bouwmeester Romy N , Duineveld Caroline , Wijnsma Kioa L , Volokhina Elena B , van den Heuvel Lambertus P W J , Burger David M , Wetzels Jack F M , van de Kar Nicole C A J , ter Heine Rob ,   CUREiHUS study group, van Kempen E , Altena W , Adang E , Moes D J A R , van Zuijlen A D , Berger S P , Bemelman F J , van der Heijden J W , van de Wetering J , de Vries A P J , van Paasen P , Wetzels J F M , van Wijk J A E , Bouts A H M , Dorresteijn E M , Gracchi V , Engels F A P T Horuz , Keijzer-Veen M G , van Rooij R W G , van de Kar N C A J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Eculizumab is a lifesaving yet expensive drug for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). Current guidelines advise a fixed-dosing schedule, which can be suboptimal and inflexible in the individual patient.

Methods
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) [classical pathway (CP) activity levels] of eculizumab in 48 patients, consisting of 849 time-concentration data and 569 CP activity levels. PK–PD modelling was performed with non-linear mixed-effects modelling. The final model was used to develop improved dosing strategies.

Results
A PK model with parallel linear and non-linear elimination rates best described the data with the parameter estimates clearance 0.163 L/day, volume of distribution 6.42 L, maximal rate 29.6 mg/day and concentration for 50% of maximum rate 37.9 mg/L. The PK–PD relation between eculizumab concentration and CP activity was described using an inhibitory Emax model with the parameter estimates baseline 101%, maximal inhibitory effect 95.9%, concentration for 50% inhibition 22.0 mg/L and Hill coefficient 5.42. A weight-based loading dose, followed by PK-guided dosing was found to improve treatment. On day 7, we predict 99.95% of the patients to reach the efficacy target (CP activity &lt;10%), compared with 94.75% with standard dosing. Comparable efficacy was predicted during the maintenance phase, while the dosing interval could be prolonged in ∼33% of the population by means of individualized dosing. With a fixed-dose 4-week dosing interval to allow for holidays, treatment costs will increase by 7.1% and we predict 91% of the patients will reach the efficacy target.

Conclusions
A patient-friendly individualized dosing strategy of eculizumab has the potential to improve treatment response at reduced costs.
Do neurocognitive impairments explain the differences between brain tumor patients and their proxies when assessing the patient’s IADL?
Authors: Oort Quirien , Dirven Linda , Sikkes Sietske A M , Aaronson Neil , Boele Florien , Brannan Christine , Egeter Jonas , Grant Robin , Klein Martin , Lips Irene M , Narita Yoshitaka , Sato Hitomi , Sztankay Monika , Stockhammer Günther , Talacchi Andrea , Uitdehaag Bernard M J , Reijneveld Jaap C , Taphoorn Martin J B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive impairments are common among brain tumor patients, and may impact patients’ awareness of performance in instrumental activities in daily life (IADL). We examined differences between patient- and proxy-reported assessments of the patient’s IADL, and whether the level of (dis)agreement is associated with neurocognitive impairments.MethodsBrain tumor patients and their proxies completed the phase 3 version of the EORTC IADL-BN32 questionnaire measuring IADL, and patients completed six neurocognitive measures. Patient-proxy difference scores in IADL were compared between patients who were defined as neurocognitively impaired (≥2 neurocognitive measures ≥2.0 standard deviations below healthy controls) and non-neurocognitively impaired. With multinomial logistic regression analyses we examined if neurocognitive variables were independently associated with patient-proxy disagreement in IADL ratings.ResultsPatients (n = 81) did not systematically (P &lt; .01) rate IADL outcomes different than their proxies. Proxies did report more problems on 19/32 individual items and all five scales. This effect was more apparent in dyads with a neurocognitively impaired patient (n = 37), compared to dyads with non-neurocognitively impaired patients (n = 44). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that several neurocognitive variables (e.g., cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency) were independently associated with disagreement between patients and proxies on different scales.ConclusionNeurocognitive deficits seem to play a role in the discrepancies between brain tumor patients and their proxies assessment of patient’s level of IADL. Although replication of our results is needed, our findings suggests that caution is warranted in interpreting self-reported IADL by patients with neurocognitive impairment, and that such self-reports should be supplemented with proxy ratings.
High-entropy-alloy nanoparticles with 21 ultra-mixed elements for efficient photothermal conversion
Authors: Liao Yijun , Li Yixing , Zhao Rongzhi , Zhang Jian , Zhao Lizhong , Ji Lianze , Zhang Zhengyu , Liu Xiaolian , Qin Gaowu , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Multi-metallic nanoparticles have been proven to be an efficient photothermal conversion material, for which the optical absorption can be broadened through the interband transitions (IBTs), but it remains a challenge due to the strong immiscibility among the repelling combinations. Here, assisted by an extremely high evaporation temperature, ultra-fast cooling and vapor-pressure strategy, the arc-discharged plasma method was employed to synthesize ultra-mixed multi-metallic nanoparticles composed of 21 elements (FeCoNiCrYTiVCuAlNbMoTaWZnCdPbBiAgInMnSn), in which the strongly repelling combinations were uniformly distributed. Due to the reinforced lattice distortion effect and excellent IBTs, the nanoparticles can realize an average absorption of &gt;92% in the entire solar spectrum (250 to 2500 nm). In particular, the 21-element nanoparticles achieve a considerably high solar steam efficiency of nearly 99% under one solar irradiation, with a water evaporation rate of 2.42 kg m–2 h–1, demonstrating a highly efficient photothermal conversion performance. The present approach creates a new strategy for uniformly mixing multi-metallic elements for exploring their unknown properties and various applications.
Dental care in children with medical complexity: A retrospective study
Authors: Parmar Arpita , Shannon Kelsey , Casas Michael , Orkin Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesChildren with medical complexity (CMC) are defined by complex, chronic multi-system disease with significant medical fragility. Limited research exists on dental care in CMC, which is an important part of oral health and overall health. Objectives of this study were to (1) determine the frequency and type of dental visits at a tertiary paediatric hospital of all CMC between 2015 and 2020 and (2) identify the factors associated with dental visits.MethodsA retrospective chart review of the electronic records of CMC who were seen at a paediatric hospital from 2015 to 2020 was completed. The number and type of dental visits, demographic and clinical information were reviewed. Poisson regression models were used to test the association between the outcome (number of dental visits) and potential factors associated with receiving dental care.ResultsFour hundred and eighty-seven CMC (mean age=7.3 ± 4.6 years, 43.7% female) were included in this study. CMC were seen by dentists at the hospital 4.4 ± 3.8 times since 2015, which is approximately once per year over a 5-year period. Dental visits were mostly preventative (66.4% of all visits). CMC had more dental visits if they had dental care funding compared to no funding if they were living in a community with a population &gt;100,000 people and if they were being followed by a greater number of sub-specialists.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of funding, access to paediatric dental specialists, and care coordination support to improve access to dental care for CMC to optimize oral health.
Hysteresis in PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and EARLY-FLOWERING 3 dynamics dominates warm daytime memory in Arabidopsis
Authors: Murcia Germán , Nieto Cristina , Sellaro Romina , Prat Salomé , Casal Jorge J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite the identification of temperature sensors and downstream components involved in promoting stem growth by warm temperatures, when and how previous temperatures affect current plant growth remain unclear. Here we show that hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana during the night responds not only to the current temperature but also to preceding daytime temperatures, revealing a short-term memory of previous conditions. Daytime temperature affected the levels of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in the nucleus during the next night. These factors jointly accounted for the observed growth kinetics, whereas nighttime memory of prior daytime temperature was impaired in pif4 and hy5 mutants. PIF4 promoter activity largely accounted for the temperature-dependent changes in PIF4 protein levels. Notably, the decrease in PIF4 promoter activity triggered by cooling required a stronger temperature shift than the increase caused by warming, representing a typical hysteretic effect; this hysteretic pattern required EARLY-FLOWERING 3 (ELF3). Warm temperatures promoted the formation of nuclear condensates of ELF3 in hypocotyl cells during the afternoon but not in the morning. These nuclear speckles showed poor sensitivity to subsequent cooling. We conclude that ELF3 achieves hysteresis and drives the PIF4 promoter into the same behavior, enabling a short-term memory of daytime temperature conditions.
GmMDE genes bridge the maturity gene E1 and florigens in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean
Authors: Zhai Hong , Wan Zhao , Jiao Shuang , Zhou Jingwen , Xu Kun , Nan Haiyang , Liu Yingxiang , Xiong Shangshang , Fan Rong , Zhu Jinlong , Jiang Wenting , Pang Tian , Luo Xiao , Wu Hongyan , Yang Guang , Bai Xi , Kong Fanjiang , Xia Zhengjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is highly sensitive to photoperiod, which affects flowering time and plant architecture and thus limits the distribution range of elite soybean cultivars. The major maturity gene E1 confers the most prominent effect on photoperiod sensitivity, but its downstream signaling pathway remains largely unknown. Here, we confirm that the encoded E1 protein is a transcriptional repressor. The expression of seven GmMDE genes (Glycine max MADS-box genes downregulated by E1) was suppressed when E1 was overexpressed and promoted when E1 was knocked out through clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated mutagenesis. These GmMDEs exhibited similar tissue specificity and expression patterns, including in response to photoperiod, E1 expression, and E1 genotype. E1 repressed GmMDE promoter activity. Results for two GmMDEs showed that E1 epigenetically silences their expression by directly binding to their promoters to increase H3K27me3 levels. The overexpression of GmMDE06 promoted flowering and post-flowering termination of stem growth. The late flowering phenotype of E1-overexpressing soybean lines was reversed by the overexpression of GmMDE06, placing GmMDE06 downstream of E1. The overexpression of GmMDE06 increased the expression of the soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs GmFT2a and GmFT5a, leading to feedback upregulation of GmMDE, indicating that GmMDE and GmFT2a/GmFT5a form a positive regulatory feedback loop promoting flowering. GmMDE06 also promoted post-flowering termination of stem growth by repressing the expression of the shoot identity gene Dt1. The E1-GmMDEs-GmFT2a/5a-Dt1 signaling pathway illustrates how soybean responds to photoperiod by modulating flowering time and post-flowering stem termination.
Polarization in Black and White
Authors: Enders Adam M , Thornton Judd R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile the alignment of partisan and ideological identities—sorting—serves as a primary explanation for the rise in affective polarization, we theorize that this connection does not hold for all Americans, especially racial subgroups with unique political experiences. Using both cross-sectional and panel data, we find that even though Whites have sorted, and differences between the South and elsewhere have diminished over time, Black Americans have not sorted since 1972. However, affective polarization is just as high among Blacks as it is Whites. Thus, sorting does not appear to explain Black affective polarization. Multivariate models provide additional evidence that sorting does not adequately explain affective polarization among Blacks. Instead, we find that group norms and group consciousness (e.g., linked fate) better account for affective polarization among Black Americans. These findings provide important nuance to the sorting thesis and shed light on the relationship between sorting and affective polarization.
Prevalence of hypertension and determinants of treatment-seeking behaviour among adolescents and young adults in India: an analysis of NFHS-4
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Rajaa Sathish , Sulgante Sudheera , Chinnakali Palanivel , Jaswal Nidhi , Goel Sonu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious evidences have reported that almost three-fourth of young hypertensives are not seeking care for their condition leading to severe complications. This study was conducted to assess the determinants of treatment-seeking behaviour among the young hypertensives in India.MethodsThe National Family Health Survey-4 data were analysed. Sampling weights and clustering was accounted using svyset command. Screening, awareness, prevalence and control status were reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Poisson regression was done to identify the determinants of treatment-seeking behaviour.ResultsIn total, 13.8% of younger adults had hypertension, 51.1% were aware of their status and 19.5% sought treatment. Participants in 15–19 years (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 0.70) and 20–29 years (aPR = 0.63), male gender (aPR = 0.84), Muslim religion (aPR = 1.14), urban region (aPR = 0.87), secondary (aPR = 0.88) and higher education (aPR = 0.86), residing in Northern (aPR = 0.79), Central (aPR = 0.76), Southern region (aPR = 0.65), preferring home treatment, medical shop or any other care (aPR = 0.63) were significant determinants of treatment-seeking behaviour.ConclusionMore than 1 in 10 younger adults in India have hypertension and only half of them were aware of their status and one-fifth sought treatment. Adolescents, males, Hindus, urban population, higher education and residing in Northern, Central and Southern region had poor treatment-seeking behaviour.
The benefits of data sharing and ensuring open sources of systematic review data
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Turon Heidi , Grady Alice , Hodder Rebecca , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
The benefits of increasing public access to data from clinical trials are widely accepted. Such benefits extend to the sharing of data from high-quality systematic reviews, given the time and cost involved with undertaking reviews. We describe the application of open sources of review data, outline potential challenges and highlight efforts made to address these challenges, with the intent of encouraging publishers, funders and authors to consider sharing review data more broadly.

Results
We describe the application of systematic review data in: (i) advancing understanding of clinical trials and systematic review methods, (ii) repurposing of data to answer public health policy and practice relevant questions, (iii) identification of research gaps and (iv) accelerating the conduct of rapid reviews to inform decision making. While access, logistical, motivational and legal challenges exist, there has been progress made by systematic review, academic and funding agencies to incentivise data sharing and create infrastructure to support greater access to systematic review data.

Conclusion
There is opportunity to maximize the benefits of research investment in undertaking systematic reviews by ensuring open sources of systematic review data. Efforts to create such systems should draw on learnings and principles outlined for sharing clinical trial data.