bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectra and structure of small ring molecules. XLVII. Rotational and vibrational spectra and conformational stability of cyclobutylcarboxylic acid fluoride
Authors: Durig J. R. , Badawi H. M. , Bist H. D. , Little T. S. 
Published: July 2002

The microwave spectrum of cyclobutylcarboxylic acid fluoride, c-C4H7CFO, has been recorded from 18.0 to 40.0 GHz. The a-type R-branch transitions have been observed and assigned for the ground and two vibrationally excited states of the asymmetric torsional mode as well as for the first vibrationally excited state of the ring puckering fundamental. The rotational constants were determined from the frequency fit to a rigid rotor model for the ground vibrational state to be: A=5467.35±0.03, B=1884.76±0.01, and C=1558.64±0.01 MHz. These constants are shown to be consistent with an equatorial-gauche conformation (i.e., the CFO group is in the equatorial position relative to the ring and the C=O bond is eclipsing, or nearly so, one of the C–C bonds of the ring). From relative intensity measurements the frequency for the asymmetric torsion for this conformer is estimated to be 72±10 cm−1. From the Stark effect the dipole moment components were determined to be: ‖μa‖ =2.97±0.02, ‖μb‖ =0.84±0.01, ‖μc‖ =0.35±0.01, and ‖μt‖ =3.11±0.01 D. The central line of an additional conformer has been identified with a B+C value of 3482 MHz which is consistent with the expected value for the equatorial-trans conformer. The infrared (3500 to 30 cm−1) and Raman spectra (3200 to 30 cm−1) have also been recorded for the gaseous and solid states of cyclobutylcarboxylic acid fluoride.
Additionally, the Raman spectrum of the liquid phase has been recorded and qualitative depolarization values have been obtained. From the relative intensities of the Raman lines of the gas at 918 cm−1 (equatorial-trans) and 926 cm−1 (equatorial-gauche) as a function of temperature, the enthalpy difference was found to be 352±100 cm−1 (1.01 kcal/mol) with the equatorial-gauche being more stable. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed based on infrared band contours, depolarization values, and group frequencies. These results are compared to similar quantities for some related molecules.
The association between naltrexone compliance and daily supervision
Authors: HULSE G. K. , BASSO M R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMost studies investigating the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance as a treatment for illicit heroin use have reported poor patient compliance in taking naltrexone. A number of studies have, however, reported better compliance when patients receive family therapy, or when patients resided in a supportive family environment. These studies suggest that patient outcomes on naltrexone maintenance may be better if there is ongoing family support to continue naltrexone use. The current study investigated 6‐month outcome status in 300 illicit heroin users who commenced naltrexone maintenance in a community‐based out‐patient treatment programme. The study aimed to assess the relationship between vigilance of naltrexone supervision by salient others over the first 6 weeks of treatment and patient status at 6 months. Supervision of naltrexone at week 6 was a predictor of a patient's status at 6 months, with those receiving less supervision of 3–4 days more likely to have returned to heroin use or be assessed as ‘heroin use undetermined’. In contrast, patients who still received naltrexone supervision for 6 or 7 days per week at week 6 were more likely to be taking naltrexone or were naltrexone‐ and heroin‐free at 6 months. It is argued that since relapse to heroin use is a common occurrence, vigilant supervision of naltrexone dosing in a supportive environment may improve patient retention and reduce relapse. It is suggested that poor outcomes reported in many previous studies may reflect use of inadequate supportive frameworks that encourage naltrexone compliance.
Cytokine profiles in early rejection following OKT3 treatment in liver transplant patients
Authors: Roayaie Sasan , Sheiner Patricia A. , Emre Sukru , Guy Steven , Schwartz Myron E. , Boros Peter , Miller Charles M. 
Published: July 2002

OKT3, a murine monoclonal antibody specific to the human CD3 complex, induces immunosuppression by depletion of T cells. Administration of OKT3 results in significant release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL1β. Liver recipients who experience rejection within 3 weeks after transplantation with OKT3 prophylaxis recover their T cells by postoperative day 10 despite complete initial clearance.We sought to analyze the role of proinflammatory and Th‐1 cytokines in T cell recovery and rejection after liver transplantation with OKT3 prophylaxis. In plasma samples from 32 patients, we measured TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 (before transplant and on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3) and IL2, IFNγ, sIL2R and sICAM (postoperative days 5, 7 and 10) and examined possible correlations with T‐cell recovery and occurrence of rejection within 3 weeks.TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 did not correlate with T‐cell recovery. In patients who rejected, IL2 and IFNγ on postoperative days 5 and 7 correlated with degree of T‐cell recovery by day 10; a significant rise in sIL2R over time also correlated with T‐cell recovery in this group.ur results emphasize the role of Th‐1 cytokines in rejection following OKT3 induction and suggest that markers of T cell activation may predict risk.
Erythromycin and clarithromycin modulation of growth factor‐induced expression of heparanase mRNA on human lung cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Sasaki Masahiro , Ito Takefumi , Kashima Masayuki , Fukui Shin , Izumiyama Noriko , Watanabe Akiko , Sano Masaaki , Fujiwara Yosimasa , Miura Mamoru 
Published: July 2002

Heparanase activity is correlated with the metastatic potential of several cancer cells and is a key enzyme in the breakdown of tissue barriers. It is also involved in the regulation of growth factor and cytokine activity. However, little is known about the factors that induce heparanase in cancer cells. We investigated the effect of three growth factors, plateletderived growth factor (PDGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), on heparanase mRNA induction in lung cancer cells in vitro. In addition, we examined the effect of erythromycin (EM) and clarithromycin (CAM), which are 14‐membered ring macrolide antibiotics that act as biological response modifiers, on the expression of heparanase mRNA induced by growth factors.PDGF, HGF and bFGF stimulated cell migration activity and enhanced the expression of heparanase mRNA in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Via different mechanisms, EM and CAM modulate the induction by these factors of heparanase mRNA expression on A549 cells. EM also significantly suppressed A549 cell migration induced by PDGF and HGF, and CAM significantly suppressed A549 cell migration induced by bFGF.The results suggest that the growth factors PDGF, HGF and bFGF are important inducers of heparanase in potentially invasive and metastatic cancer cells. The suppressive effect of heparanase mRNA expression by EM and CAM may have interesting therapeutic applications in the prevention of metastasis.
Elevation of serum soluble E‐selectin and VCAM‐1 in severe asthma
Authors: Hamzaoui Agnes , Ammar Jamel , El Mekki Fethi , Borgi Olfa , Ghrairi Hédia , Ben Brahim Mounira , Hamzaoui Kamel 
Published: July 2002

Objective: To investigate the significance of circulating adhesion molecules associated with leucocyteendothelial cell interactions in asthma, serum levels of soluble E (sE)‐selectin, soluble P (sP)‐selectin, soluble L (sL)‐selectin, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1) were measured in mild, moderate and severe asthma.Method: Serum levels of sE‐selectin, sP‐selectin, sLselectin, and sVCAM‐1 were measured in 32 women with asthma and 30 healthy donors using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay method. Twenty patients were suffering from severe asthma, and 12 from mild/moderate asthma.Results: Serum sE‐selectin and sVCAM‐1 levels from patients with asthma were significantly higher than those observed in healthy donors (p < 0.01). The levels of sP‐selectin were the same as those of controls. The level of sE‐selectin exhibited an important increase in the severe asthmatic patients compared with mild/moderate asthma (p < 0.01). The sVCAM‐1 level was increased in severe asthma when compared with healthy controls. There was no correlation between the levels of soluble selectins and the age of the patients. A significant correlation was found between sE‐selectin and sVCAM‐1 levels.Conclusion: These data indicate that circulating soluble forms of the selectins may have different kinetics during the clinical course of asthma, suggesting that they may reflect different inflammatory pathways in severe asthma. Both sVCAM‐1 and sE‐selectin may be useful immunological markers for monitoring disease activity in asthma.
Prognostic Markers in Chondrosarcoma: Evaluation of Cell Proliferation and of Regulators of the Cell Cycle
Authors: Scully Sean P. , Layfield Lester J. , Harrelson John M. 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. The prognosis, treatment principles and prediction of clinical outcome of patients with chondrosarcoma
currently rest on histologic grading which is somewhat ambiguous due to difficulty in pathologic interpretation of this
neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and oncogene/tumor suppressor gene expression have been examined
as alternative indices to predict the biologic behavior of these tumors. Because of partial successes obtained with flow
cytometry and because of the improvement in predicting recurrence offered by examining the S‐phase fraction, we
undertook the current study to determine if expression of specific regulators of the cell cycle would act as prognostic
indicators for these patients.Subjects/methods. We examined archival pathologic specimens from 39 patients with at least 2 years′ clinical follow‐up for
the presence of p53, Rb, src and MIB‐1 by immunohistochemistry and correlated this with clinical histories and incidence
of recurrence.Results. While Rb, p53 and src gene products were identified to a variable extent in these specimens, there was no
prognostic significance to their expression. In contrast, MIB‐1, an epitope expressed only during semiconservative
replication and an accepted marker of cell proliferation, served as a significant prognostic indicator. MIB‐1 staining was
present in 14.5% of tumor cells in all specimens (range 0–59%). When MIB‐1 staining was examined with respect to
disease recurrence, there was a statistically significant association between staining and histologic grade (p < 0.05) as well
as event‐free survival (p < 0.02). Comparing survival curves stratified by MIB‐1 expression, there was a significant decrease
in event‐free survival associated with increasing MIB‐1 indices (p < 0.003). Covariates that were associated with event‐free
survival include histologic grade (p = 0.025) and stage (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society) (p = 0.014). There was no
statistical association with patient age (p = 0.15), tumor size (p = 0.47), tumor histology (p = 0.62) or anatomic location
(p = 0.316).Discussion. These results indicate that determination of the proliferation index by MIB‐1 immunostaining may serve as
a useful adjunct to current histopathologic classification. Patients with a high proliferation index may benefit from
established adjuvant therapies or experimental approaches including immunotherapy or biologic modulation.
Chest Wall Sarcoma: Outcome in 22 Patients After Resection Requiring Thoracic Cage Reconstruction
Authors: Jönsson Per , Gyllstedt Erik , Hambraeus Göran , Lillogil Ramon , Rydholm Anders 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. To evaluate the outcome after resection of malignant chest wall sarcoma, requiring reconstruction of the chest wall.Subjects. Twenty‐two patients, 15 with primary tumours, were operated on in our institution between 1983 and 1996. Four patients underwent surgery after a previous intralesional or marginal excision and three patients because of a local recurrence.Methods. The tumour was resected ‘en bloc’, including skin, muscle and thoracic skeleton. When necessary, adjacent organs invaded by the tumour, such as lung, pericardium and diaphragm, were also removed to obtain a wide margin. Reconstruction of the chest wall was performed with Marlex mesh (n=9), methylmethacrylate cement (n=2) or a Marlex methylmethacrylate ‘sandwich’ (n=11).Results. The median tumour size was 9.5 (2–20) cm. The most common type of tumour was chondrosarcoma (12 cases). No patient died in hospital. Five patients required reoperation because of complications, two patients because of loosening of the acrylate prosthesis, two because of necrosis of soft tissue coverage and one was reoperated because of bleeding. Four patients died of generalized tumour disease between 5 and 77 months after surgery and one patient died of a local recurrence 32 months after the primary operation. Seventeen patients are alive, with a median follow‐up of 36 (4–162) months. Microscopic radicality (negative margin) was achieved in 17 patients but 5 of these had local recurrences. Two of five patients with positive margins had a local recurrence of the tumour. Of the seven patients with local recurrences, two also developed metastases.Discussion. Large chest wall sarcomas can be successfully resected and the chest wall reconstructed with low morbidity and mortality.
A Comparison of Outcome of Osteoarticular Allograft Reconstruction and Shoulder Arthrodesis Following Resection of Primary Tumours of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Probyn L. J. , Wunder J. S. , Bell R. S. , Griffin A. M. , Davis A. M. 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the oncologic, reconstructive and functional outcomes of patients who underwent osteoarticular allograft reconstruction with those who underwent arthrodesis for a primary malignant bone tumour of the proximal humerus.Patients. Eleven patients were treated with osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of the proximal humerus. Five of these reconstructions failed, necessitating revision to a secondary arthrodesis. Five patients underwent arthrodesis as a primary reconstruction, for a total of ten patients in the arthrodesis group.Methods. End points included local and systemic disease recurrence, complications and functional outcome (measured using the 1987 and 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumour Society Rating Scales (MSTS) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS)).Results. One patient died of systemic disease 2 years post‐operatively and one patient had an axillary node recurrence resected 10 months post‐operatively and remains free of disease 53 months later. The other 14 patients were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of the last follow‐up. Complications after the osteochondral allografts (n=11) included two infections, four fractures and three subluxations in eight patients. Six of these patients required removal of the allograft; one had a repeat osteochondral allograft and five were converted to an arthrodesis. Complications after arthrodesis in the ten patients (five primary and five secondary arthrodeses) included two non‐unions, one infection and one fracture in three patients. Patients who underwent shoulder arthrodesis scored better in all outcome measures and this was statistically significant in the MSTS 1993 (p=0.001, Mann–Whitney U Test).Discussion. In this study, there was a trend towards improved function following arthrodesis compared to osteochondral allograft reconstruction following proximal humerus bone tumour resection.
Long‐Term Neurotoxicity of Chemotherapy in Adolescents and Young Adults Treated for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Earl Helena M. , Connolly Sean , Latoufis Christos , Eagle Karen , Ash Catherine M. , Fowler Clare , Souhami Robert L. 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. To study the long‐term neurotoxicity of chemotherapy in adolescents and young adults treated for bone and soft tissue sarcomas.Patients and Methods. Thirty‐six adolescents and young adults (median age 17 years) were examined following chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Twenty‐nine (29/36) had received cisplatin (median 400 mg/m2), 15/36 ifosfamide (median 20 g/m2), and 12/36 vincristine (median 16 mg). Neurotoxicity was assessed at a median of 8 months (range, 1–54 months) after completion of chemotherapy by clinical examination, nerve conduction studies, audiograms and autonomic function tests. The same nerve conduction studies were carried out in 20 normal volunteers to define normal ranges in this age group.Results. Sixteen patients (44%) had a significant reduction in deep tendon reflexes, and this clinical parameter correlated well with abnormalities detected in nerve conduction studies. Vibration perception threshold (VPT) was raised in 20/36 patients (55%) and this was the most sensitive single test in the assessment of neuropathy. There was a significant
correlation between VPT and cumulative cisplatin dose received in mg/m2 (r=0.607, p<0.01). Ten of 29 patients (35%) had abnormal nerve conduction studies with a pattern characteristic of sensory axonal neuropathy. No patient complained of auditory symptoms, but minor high tone hearing loss was detected by audiograms in 5/28 patients who had received cisplatin. No patients had symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, but autonomic function tests showed minor abnormalities
in 4/22 patients tested, and all had received cisplatin.Conclusions. This study demonstrates significant, although asymptomatic, long‐term neurotoxicity of cisplatin in adolescents and young adults receiving chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Follow‐up studies are planned to assess whether these neurological deficits improve with time.
A study of idiom comprehension in children with semantic‐pragmatic difficulties. Part I: Task effects on the assessment of idiom comprehension in children
Authors: Kerbel Debra , Grunwell Pam 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the apparent absence of suitable measures of idiom comprehension in normally developing and clinical populations, this study examined the relationship between a newly developed play task and a more conventional definition task. On the play task, children listened to a 1 5‐minute, tape‐recorded story into which were embedded 12 common idioms drawn from recordings of classroom teaching and children's television. As the story was then played again, sentence by sentence, the children were required to act it out using a play set and props. For each idiom, it was possible to act out either the idiomatic or literal meaning, but only the idiomatic meaning made sense in the context. The children's actions were video‐taped and then played back to the child during the definition task. For this task, the video was stopped after each idiom occurred and the children were asked what they thought each idiom meant. Four groups of children were included. Twenty‐six children (aged between 6‐11 years), considered to have semantic‐pragmatic difficulties, were compared with two groups of mainstream children (aged 6;6‐7;6 and 10;6‐11;6, respectively) and with a group of children (aged between 8‐11 years) diagnosed with (other) language disorders not primarily of a semantic or pragmatic nature. The results indicate that the definition task underestimated common‐idiom comprehension in normally developing children and, in particular, in children diagnosed with semantic‐pragmatic difficulties or (other)language disorders. Furthermore, a significant difference in idiom comprehension between the two clinical groups evidenced on the play task was entirely masked on the definition task. It appeared that the expressive and metalinguistic demands of the definition task had a greater negative effect on the group of children with language disorders than on the children with semantic‐pragmatic difficulties. Possible mechanisms through which the play task might have overestimated or underestimated idiom comprehension in these groups are examined and discussed. Although the nature of the play task probably facilitated idiom comprehension in these children, analysis supports the results of the play task being a reflection of true ability rather than an overestimation of idiom comprehension. A considerable incidence of false positive results on the definition task, coupled with its masking of significant differences in idiom comprehension across clinical groups militates againstthe use ofdefinition tasks to assess idiom comprehension in research and clinical settings. In comparison with definition and multiple choice methodologies, the play task emerged as a more valid measure of common‐ and concrete‐idiom comprehension in normally developing and clinical child populations.
Induction of Growth Cone Formation by Transient and Localized Increases of Intracellular Proteolytic Activity
Authors: Ziv Noam E. , Spira Micha E. 
Published: July 2002

The formation of a growth cone at the tip of a transected axon is a crucial step in the subsequent regeneration of the amputated axon. During this process, the transected axon is transformed from a static segment into a motile growth cone. Despite the importance of this process for regeneration of the severed axon, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this transformation.
Recent studies have suggested that Ca2+-activated proteinases underlay the morphological remodeling of neurons after injury. However, this hypothesis was never tested directly. Here we tested the ability of transient and localized increases in intracellular proteolytic activity to induce growth cone formation and neuritogenesis. Minute amounts of the proteinase trypsin were microinjected into intact axonal segments or somata of cultured Aplysia neurons, transiently elevating the intracellular protease concentration to 13–130 nM in the vicinity of the injection site. Such microinjections were followed by the formation of ectopic growth cones and irreversible neuritogenesis. Growth cones were not formed after external application of trypsin, microinjection of the carrier solution, or inactivated trypsin. Growth cone formation was not preceded by increases in free intracellular Ca2+ or changes in passive membrane properties, and was blocked by inhibitors of actin and tubulin polymerization. Trypsin-induced neuritogenesis was associated with ultrastructural alterations similar to those observed by us after axotomy.
We conclude that local and transient elevations of cytoplasmic proteolytic activity can induce growth cone formation and neuritogenesis, and suggest that localized proteolytic activity plays a role in growth cone formation after axotomy.
Shufflet: shuffling sequences while conserving the k-let counts
Authors: Coward Eivind 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: Shufflet is a program and a web-application that generates fast random shufflings of sequences (DNA, protein or others), conserving the exact k-let counts for a given k. The sequences are sampled uniformly from all the valid permutations.
Availability: As a web application: http://www.genetique.uvsq.fr/eivind/shufflet.html. Source code is available on request for academic use.
Contact: coward@genetique.uvsq.fr