bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of nutritional status among pregnant women in East Shoa zone, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Wakwoya Ermias Bekele , Belachew Tefera , Girma Tsinuel 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundUndernutrition is an insufficient intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual's needs to maintain good health. Undernutrition during pregnancy severely affects the health of mothers and her baby. Globally it contributes directly or indirectly to 3.5 million maternal deaths annually. This study aimed to determine the level of undernutrition and identify factors associated with undernutrition among pregnant women attending public health facilities in the East Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia.MethodsInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 472 randomly selected pregnant women from June to August 2021. Sociodemographic, obstetrics, and knowledge related data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and maternal nutritional status was measured using the Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). The collected data were entered to EPI-info version 3.5.4 and then exported to SPSS for windows version 26.0 software for analysis. Multivariable regression analysis was fitted to identify determinants of undernutrition. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered a statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 13.9% [95% CI: 11.0–17.4]. On multivariable logistic regression model after adjusting background variables, wealth (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI 1.34–18.20), women's decision making power (AOR: 3.31, 95% CI 1.18–7.79), and nutritional counseling (AOR: 3.53, 95% CI 1.29–9.60) were independently associated with nutritional status of pregnant women.ConclusionFindings indicated that significant number of pregnant women in the study were undernourished. Higher wealth index, nutritional counseling, and women's decision-making power were inversely associated with undernutrition. The findings imply the need for economic empowerment of women, enhancing decision-making ability of women and routine and consistent nutritional counseling to decrease undernutrition among pregnant women.
Increased PD-1+Foxp3+ γδ T cells associate with poor overall survival for patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zheng Jiamian , Qiu Dan , Jiang Xuan , Zhao Yun , Zhao Haotian , Wu Xiaofang , Chen Jie , Lai Jing , Zhang Wenbin , Li Xutong , Li Yangqiu , Wu Xiuli , Jin Zhenyi 
Published: December 2022

Problemsγδ T cells are essential for anti-leukemia function in immunotherapy, however, γδ T cells have different functional subsets, including regulatory cell subsets expressing the Foxp3. Whether they are correlated with immune-checkpoint mediated T cell immune dysfunction remains unknown in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsIn this study, we used RNA-seq data from 167 patients in TCGA dataset to analyze the correlation between PD-1 and FOXP3 genes and these two genes’ association with the prognosis of AML patients. The expression proportion of Foxp3+/PD-1+ cells in γδ T cells and two subgroups Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells were performed by flow cytometry. The expression level of FOXP3 and PD-1 genes in γδ T cells were sorted from peripheral blood by MACS magnetic cell sorting technique were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsWe found that PD-1 gene was positively correlated with FOXP3 gene and highly co-expressed PD-1 and FOXP3 genes were associated with poor overall survival (OS) from TCGA database. Then, we detected a skewed distribution of γδ T cells with increased Vδ1 and decreased Vδ2 T cell subsets in AML. Moreover, significantly higher percentages of PD-1+ γδ, Foxp3+ γδ, and PD-1+Foxp3+ γδ T cells were detected in de novo AML patients compared with healthy individuals. More importantly, AML patients containing higher PD-1+Foxp3+ γδ T cells had lower OS, which might be a potential therapeutic target for leukemia immunotherapy.ConclusionA significant increase in the PD-1+Foxp3+ γδ T cell subset in AML was associated with poor clinical outcome, which provides predictive value for the study of AML patients.
Predictive value of PD-L1 expression in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors for esophageal cancer treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Noori Maryam , Yousefi Amir-Mohammad , Zali Mohammad Reza , Bashash Davood 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundProgrammed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) molecule is a well-known predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in several cancers. Present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at investigating the role of PD-L1 in predicting the effectiveness of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients suffering from esophageal cancer.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases as of March 25, 2022, for retrieving the potential relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The pooled hazard ratios (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for the outcomes of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The primary objective was to investigate the association between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors vs. control agents and treatment efficacy in terms of OS in patients with esophageal tumor expressing different values of PD-L1 based on combined-positive score (CPS) and tumor proportion score (TPS). The secondary outcome was the pooled risk of PFS.ResultsEleven studies with a total of 5,418 participants were included. While there was no difference in the OS of CPS&lt;1 patients in the intervention and the control group, patients bearing esophageal tumors with a CPS≥1 (HR 0.65, 0.56-0.74) treated by ICIs showed a significant improvement in OS relative to the control agents. Accordingly, patients with CPS&lt;5 (HR 0.75, 0.58-0.98), CPS≥5 (HR 0.64, 0.53-0.77), CPS&lt;10 (HR 0.86, 0.76-0.98), and CPS≥10 (HR 0.65, 0.56-0.75) had improved OS; however, a significant longer OS was observed in cases who expressed higher values of CPS=10 (p=0.018). In terms of TPS, a significant greater benefit in prolonging the OS came from TPS≥1% PD-L1 expressing tumors in comparison to TPS&lt;1% tumors, suggesting this cut-off as another predictor of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors efficacy. Notably, in the subgroup analysis when the cut-off value of CPS=10 or TPS=1% was selected, Nivolumab was the best ICI that improved the survival of PD-L1 positive patients. In patients with negative PD-L1 expression, Toripalimib is the only ICI which could prolong the OS of patients with the cut-off value of CPS=10.ConclusionAmong patients suffering from esophageal cancer, PD-L1 CPS=10 and TPS=1% expression thresholds seem to be predictive of a lower rate of mortality when PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are administrated; however, further large-scale trials are required for confirming the findings of the present study.
A novel nomogram model combining CT texture features and urine energy metabolism to differentiate single benign from malignant pulmonary nodule
Authors: Shen Jing , Du Hai , Wang Yadong , Du Lina , Yang Dong , Wang Lingwei , Zhu Ruiping , Zhang Xiaohui , Wu Jianlin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate a novel diagnostic model for benign and malignant pulmonary nodule diagnosis based on radiomic and clinical features, including urine energy metabolism index.MethodsA total of 107 pulmonary nodules were prospectively recruited and pathologically confirmed as malignant in 86 cases and benign in 21 cases. A chest CT scan and urine energy metabolism test were performed in all cases. A nomogram model was established in combination with radiomic and clinical features, including urine energy metabolism levels. The nomogram model was compared with the radiomic model and the clinical feature model alone to test its diagnostic validity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess diagnostic validity.ResultsThe nomogram was established using a logistic regression algorithm to combine radiomic features and clinical characteristics including urine energy metabolism results. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the area under the ROC and calibration curve, which showed the best performance, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.982, 95% CI = 0.940–1.000, compared to clinical and radiomic models in the testing cohort. The clinical benefit of the model was assessed using the decision curve analysis (DCA) and using the nomogram for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, and preoperative prediction of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules using nomograms showed better clinical benefit.ConclusionThis study shows that a coupled model combining CT imaging features and clinical features (including urine energy metabolism) in combination with the nomogram model has higher diagnostic performance than the radiomic and clinical models alone, suggesting that the combination of both methods is more advantageous in identifying benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.
Detection of circulating KRAS mutant DNA in extracellular vesicles using droplet digital PCR in patients with colon cancer
Authors: Choi Jeesoo , Cho Ho Yeon , Jeon Jeongseok , Kim Kyung-A , Han Yoon Dae , Ahn Joong Bae , Wortzel Inbal , Lyden David , Kim Han Sang 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundExtracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells contain double-stranded DNA called extracellular vesicle DNA (evDNA). EvDNA is genomic DNA that reflects cancer driver mutations. However, the significance of evDNA analysis in the diagnosis and surveillance of colon cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of extracellular vesicles and evDNA isolated from the plasma of colon cancer patients harboring KRAS G12D and G13D mutations.MethodsCell-free DNA (cfDNA) and evDNA were collected from the plasma of 30 patients with colon cancer. KRAS mutation status (G12D and G13D) was detected using a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay (ddPCR). Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated in patients with wild-type KRAS tumors. Mutation status was correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and overall survival (OS).ResultsThirty cfDNA and evDNA pairs showed a KRAS fractional abundance (FA) ranging from 0 to 45.26% and 0 to 83.81%, respectively. When compared with eight wild-type KRAS samples, cfDNA exhibited 70% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas evDNA achieved 76.67% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The concentration of evDNA was significantly lower than that of cfDNA, but it obtained a higher FA than cfDNA, while showing a positive correlation with CEA.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of evDNA as a complementary tool to aid current methods of patient evaluation in the diagnosis and surveillance of colon cancer.
A tumor microenvironment preoperative nomogram for prediction of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Zhenghao , Qin Chuan , Wang Gang , Shang Donghao , Tian Ye , Yuan Lushun , Cao Rui 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that tumor metastasis necessitates multi-step microenvironmental regulation. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) influences both pre- and post-operative bladder cancer (BLCA) treatment strategies. Given that current LNM diagnosis methods are still insufficient, we intend to investigate the microenvironmental changes in BLCA with and without LNM and develop a prediction model to confirm LNM status.Method"Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumors using Expression data" (ESTIMATE) algorithm was used to characterize the tumor microenvironment pattern of TCGA-BLCA cohort, and dimension reduction, feature selection, and StrLNM signature construction were accomplished using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. StrLNM signature was combined with the genomic mutation to establish an LNM nomogram by using multivariable logistic regression. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated in terms of calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility. The testing set from the TCGA-BLCA cohort was used for internal validation. Moreover, three independent cohorts were used for external validation, and BLCA patients from our cohort were also used for further validation.ResultsThe StrLNM signature, consisting of 22 selected features, could accurately predict LNM status in the TCGA-BLCA cohort and several independent cohorts. The nomogram performed well in discriminating LNM status, with the area under curve (AUC) of 75.1% and 65.4% in training and testing datasets from the TCGA-BLCA cohort. Furthermore, the StrLNM nomogram demonstrated good calibration with p &gt;0.05 in the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) revealed that the StrLNM nomogram had a high potential for clinical utility. Additionally, 14 of 22 stably expressed genes were identified by survival analysis and confirmed by qPCR in BLCA patient samples in our cohort.ConclusionIn summary, we developed a nomogram that included an StrLNM signature and facilitated the preoperative prediction of LNM status in BLCA patients.
Antipsychotic exposure is an independent risk factor for breast cancer: A systematic review of epidemiological evidence
Authors: Gao Zheng , Xi Yin , Shi Hekai , Ni Jiyuan , Xu Wei , Zhang Kaili 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe effect of antipsychotics on breast cancer remains controversial.Materials and methodsEmbase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Hebei Medical University Library were used for the literature search. Observational studies with original data for the effects of antipsychotics on breast cancer were used. Studies of bed quality, those with inadequate sample size, incomplete follow-up works, or studies that did not meet the criteria were excluded. Meta-analysis was performed using R version 4.1.2. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the proportion of breast cancer in different groups. To detect possible sources of heterogeneity, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were employed.ResultsPooled data from 11 relevant studies with 1,499,001 participants suggested that individuals exposed to antipsychotics were more likely to suffer from breast cancer than those who were not exposed (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.47). No significant difference in breast cancer prevalence between the atypical and typical antipsychotic groups was found (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.93–1.63). Prolactin (PRL)-increasing and PRL-sparing antipsychotics posed a similar risk of breast cancer (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, approximately 0.97–1.31). Furthermore, the use of antipsychotics is attributed to increased mortality in patients with breast cancer (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.29–1.82). Those exposed to antipsychotics at the maximum dose were more likely to suffer from breast cancer than those exposed to the minimum dose.ConclusionsAntipsychotic exposure is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. No significant difference in the risk of breast cancer between typical and atypical antipsychotics was noted. Those exposed to antipsychotics at higher doses are more likely to suffer from breast cancer. Moreover, the use of antipsychotics is attributed to increased mortality in patients with breast cancer. PRL-increasing and PRL-sparing antipsychotics pose a similar risk of breast cancer.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022307624.
Incidence, etiology, sociodemographic and clinical characterization of acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients at a high-altitude city: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Vargas Muñoz Sarha M. , De Vivero Haddad Sara , Beltran Aldo M. , Bonilla Gonzalez Carolina , Naranjo Vanegas Melisa , Moreno-Lopez Sergio , Rueda-Guevara Paola , Barrera Pedro , Piñeros Juan Gabriel , Mejía Luz Marina , Mesa María Lucia , Restrepo-Gualteros Sonia , Baquero Castañeda Olga Lucía , Ramírez Varela Andrea 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAcute respiratory failure is a life-threatening medical condition, associated with a variety of conditions and risk factors, including acute respiratory diseases which are a frequent cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Colombia, the literature related to ARF is scarce.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence, causes, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of ARF in three hospitals in Bogota, a high-altitude city located in Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA multicenter prospective cohort study called the FARA cohort was developed between April 2020 – December 2021. Patients older than one month and younger than 18 years with respiratory distress who developed ARF were included.Results685 patients with respiratory distress were recruited in 21 months. The incidence density of ARF was found to be 41.7 cases per 100 person-year CI 95%, (37.3–47.7). The median age was 4.5 years.. Most of the patients consulted during the first 72 h after the onset of symptoms. Upon admission, 67.2% were potentially unstable. The most frequent pathologies were asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. At admission, 75.6% of the patients required different oxygen delivery systems, 29,5% a low-flow oxygen system, 36,8% a high-flow oxygen system, and 9,28% invasive mechanical ventilation. SARS-COV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, and adenovirus were the most frequently isolated viral agents. The coinfection cases were scarce.ConclusionsThis multicenter study, the FARA cohort, developed at 2,600 meters above sea level, shows the first data on incidence, etiology, sociodemographic and clinical characterization in a pediatric population with ARF that also concurs with the COVID-19 pandemic. These results, not only have implications for public health but also contribute to the scientific and epidemiological literature on a disease developed at a high altitude.
Glucocorticoid induced adrenal insufficiency in children: Morning cortisol values to avoid LDSST
Authors: Laulhé Margaux , Dumaine Cécile , Chevenne Didier , Leye Fallou , Faye Albert , Dozières Blandine , Strullu Marion , Viala Jérome , Hogan Julien , Houdouin Véronique , Léger Juliane , Simon Dominique , Carel Jean-Claude , Storey Caroline , Guilmin-Crépon Sophie , Martinerie Laetitia 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesGlucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency (GI-AI) is a common side effect of glucocorticoid therapy. However, its diagnosis currently relies on the realization of a Low Dose Short Synacthen Test (LD-SST) that requires an outpatient hospital and several blood samples. Our goal was to evaluate whether morning cortisol values could predict the response to LD-SST, in children, to avoid useless dynamic tests and facilitate diagnosis of glucocorticoid induced adrenal insufficiency.Study DesignWe recorded data of 91 pediatric patients who underwent a LD-SST in our center between 2016 and 2020 in a retrospective observational study. We selected LD-SST realized following administration of supra-physiologic doses of glucocorticoids during more than 3 weeks and performed at least four weeks after treatment was stopped. Adrenal deficiency was defined as a plasma cortisol concentration inferior to 500 nmol/l at LD-SST.ResultsGlucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed in 60% of our cohort. Morning cortisol values were predictive of the response to the LD-SST (AUC ROC 0.78). A plasma cortisol concentration of less than 144 nmol/l predicted glucocorticoid induced adrenal insufficiency with a specificity of 94% and a value over 317 nmol/l predicted recovery of the HPA axis with a sensitivity of 95%. We did not find any other predictive factor for glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency.ConclusionsMorning cortisol values can safely assess recovery of the HPA axis in children treated chronically with glucocorticoids. Using these thresholds, more than 50% of LD-SST could be avoided in children.
Effectiveness of either short-duration ischemic pre-conditioning, single-set high-resistance exercise, or their combination in potentiating bench press exercise performance
Authors: Salagas Andreas , Tsoukos Athanasios , Terzis Gerasimos , Paschalis Vassilis , Katsikas Christos , Krzysztofik Michal , Wilk Michal , Zajac Adam , Bogdanis Gregory C. 
Published: December 2022

This study compared the effects of short-duration ischemic preconditioning, a single-set high-resistance exercise and their combination on subsequent bench press performance. Twelve men (age: 25.8 ± 6.0 years, bench press 1-RM: 1.21 ± 0.17 kg kg−1 body mass) performed four 12 s sets as fast as possible, with 2 min of recovery between sets, against 60% 1-RM, after: a) 5 min ischemic preconditioning (IPC; at 100% of full arterial occlusion pressure), b) one set of three bench press repetitions at 90% 1-RM (PAPE), c) their combination (PAPE + IPC) or d) control (CTRL). Mean barbell velocity in ischemic preconditioning was higher than CTRL (by 6.6–9.0%, p &lt; 0.05) from set 1 to set 3, and higher than PAPE in set 1 (by 4.4%, p &lt; 0.05). Mean barbell velocity in PAPE was higher than CTRL from set 2 to set 4 (by 6.7–8.9%, p &lt; 0.05), while mean barbell velocity in PAPE + IPC was higher than CTRL only in set 1 (+5.8 ± 10.0%). Peak barbell velocity in ischemic preconditioning and PAPE was higher than CTRL (by 7.8% and 8.5%, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Total number of repetitions was similarly increased in all experimental conditions compared with CTRL (by 7.0–7.9%, p &lt; 0.05). Rating of perceived exertion was lower in ischemic preconditioning compared with CTRL (p &lt; 0.001) and PAPE (p = 0.045), respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of short-duration ischemic preconditioning in increasing bench press performance, and suggest that it may be readily used by strength and conditioning coaches during resistance training due to its brevity and lower perceived exertion.
Effects of chicken manure substitution for mineral nitrogen fertilizer on crop yield and soil fertility in a reduced nitrogen input regime of North-Central China
Authors: Ning Linyirui , Xu Xinpeng , Zhang Yitao , Zhao Shicheng , Qiu Shaojun , Ding Wencheng , Zou Guoyuan , He Ping 
Published: December 2022

Organic manure has been proposed to substitute part of the chemical fertilizers. However, past research was usually conducted in regimes with excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization, which was not conducive to the current national goal of green and sustainable development. Therefore, exploring the potential of organic fertilizer substitution for mineral N fertilizer under regimes with reduced N inputs is important to further utilize organic fertilizer resources and establish sustainable nutrient management recommendations in the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system in North-central China. In this study, a 4-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different chicken manure substitution ratios on crop yield, N recovery efficiency (REN), soil N and soil organic matter contents, to clarify the optimal organic substitution ratio of N fertilizer under reduced N application (from 540 kg N ha−1 year−1 to 400 kg N ha−1 year−1). Six substitution ratios were assessed: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% under 200 kg N ha−1 per crop season, respectively, plus a control with no N application from chemical fertilizer or chicken manure. Results showed that the highest yield was achieved under the 20% substitution ratio treatment, with 1.1% and 2.3% higher yield than chemical N alone in wheat season and maize seasons, respectively. At the chicken manure substitution ratios of 20% in wheat season and 20%-40% in maize season, the highest REN reached to 31.2% and 26.1%, respectively. Chicken manure application reduced soil residual inorganic N with increasing substitution ratio. All organic substitution treatments increased soil organic matter and total N content. Implementing 20% organic substitution in wheat season and 20%-40% in maize season under the reduced N application regime in the North-central China is therefore recommended in order to achieve high crop yields and REN, improve soil fertility and enhance livestock manure resource utilization.