bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Asbaghi Omid , Moradi Sajjad , Kashkooli Sara , Zobeiri Mehdi , Nezamoleslami Shokufeh , Hojjati Kermani Mohammad Ali , Lazaridi Anastasia-Viktoria , Miraghajani Maryam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of oral Mg supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Related articles were found by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science databases (from inception to 30 February 2020). A one-stage robust error meta-regression model based on inverse variance weighted least squares regression and cluster robust error variances was used for the dose–response analysis between Mg supplementation and duration of intervention and glycaemic control factors. Eighteen eligible randomised clinical trials were included in our final analysis. The dose–response testing indicated that the estimated mean difference in HbA1c at 500 mg/d was −0·73 % (95 % CI: −1·25, −0·22) suggesting modest improvement in HbA1c with strong evidence (P value: 0·004). And in fasting blood sugar (FBS) at 360 mg/d was −7·11 mg/dl (95 % CI: −14·03, −0·19) suggesting minimal amelioration in FBS with weak evidence (P value: 0·092) against the model hypothesis at this sample size. The estimated mean difference in FBS and HbA1c at 24 weeks was −15·58 mg/dl (95 % CI: −24·67, −6·49) and −0·48 (95 % CI: −0·77, −0·19), respectively, suggesting modest improvement in FBS (P value: 0·034) and HbA1c (P value: 0·001) with strong evidence against the model hypothesis at this sample size. Oral Mg supplementation could have an effect on glycaemic control in T2DM patients. However, the clinical trials so far are not sufficient to make guidelines for clinical practice.
Alternative restocking strategy could reverse declines of a critically endangered sturgeon
Authors: Daskin Joshua H , Tilman Andrew R 
Published: January 2022

SummaryDemographic modelling can reveal options for improved conservation management, especially for rare or long-lived species not amenable to experimentation. Sturgeon (Acipenseridae) include many such species, endangered by demand for caviar, their unfertilized roe, and by dams blocking their migrations. Restocking of sturgeon populations with farm-raised individuals has probably prevented extinctions and widespread extirpations of some species, but it has rarely led to true recovery in Eurasia, given ongoing harvest. We used modified Leslie matrix models to test whether restocking with year-old juveniles instead of weeks-old fry could recover the critically endangered Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii), endemic to the Amur River basin along the Russia–China border. Without restocking, or even releasing an expert-recommended annual volume of young fry (10 million), we project that three of four Amur sturgeon populations will be nearly extirpated within 30 years. However, restocking with 5% as many (500 000) year-old juveniles annually could grow three populations (currently 0–425 mature females) and slow declines in another so that each has over 6400 mature females within 30 years. Retooling stocking efforts to use fewer juveniles that survive at higher rates than do small fry could buy time to reduce harvesting pressure on Amur sturgeon and for other related sturgeon species.
Assessment of Sectoral NOx Emission Reductions During COVID‐19 Lockdown Using Combined Satellite and Surface Observations and Source‐Oriented Model Simulations
Authors: Kang Mingjie , Zhang Jie , Cheng Zhen , Guo Song , Su Fangcheng , Hu Jianlin , Zhang Hongliang , Ying Qi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarge emission reductions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx) due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown policies in China have been extensively reported since the outbreak, while assessments of sectoral emission changes during that period are still limited. In this study, a source‐oriented community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model was applied to quantify NO2 concentrations from major emission sectors. A new optimization approach was employed to obtain the sectorial emission reductions using satellite and ground‐level observations as constraints. The optimized emissions significantly improved the model performance of NO2 during the lockdown period. February NOx emission changes varied with regions and sectors, with relatively larger reductions in transportation (286.6 kt) and industrial sources (260.1 kt). The maximum amount of NOx emission reduction occurred in the North China Plain (230.6 kt). Our work presents a quick and reliable technique for assessing sector‐specific emission changes due to short‐term emission control policies.
Decadal Variations in Radiocarbon in Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Along a Transect in the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ge Tiantian , Luo Chunle , Ren Peng , Zhang Hongmei , Chen Zhaohui , Sun Shuwen , Xu Liping , Wang Xuchen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report results for the concentrations and radiocarbon (14C) compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water samples collected from a north‐south transect in the western North Pacific (NP) Ocean in November 2019 and compare our results with values previously reported for similar transects during the WOCE and CLIVAR projects decades ago. We show that the strong bomb 14C penetration signal in the upper waters has gradually been reduced and diluted by deep water depleted in 14C‐DIC over the last 30 years. The rate of decrease in Δ14C‐DIC values in surface waters was greater from 2005 to 2019 than from 1993 to 2005, and the rates of decrease from 2005 to 2019 were fastest (5.4–7.0‰ yr−1) between 25° and 32°N and slowest (2.1–2.8‰ yr−1) between 13°N and 16°N. The downwelling of the water mass could have accelerated the transport of bomb 14C in the NP subtropical gyre (25°–32°N). The different decadal changes in Δ14C‐DIC in the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) from north to south prove that bomb 14C is transported southward to the southwestern NP and that the bomb 14C peak likely penetrates the ocean interior gradually. Changes in isopycnic circulation and advection diffusion in deep waters might have resulted in shifts in the baseline Δ14C‐DIC signature.
Advances in flexible organic field-effect transistors and their applications for flexible electronics
Authors: Liu Kai , Ouyang Bang , Guo Xiaojun , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlexible electronics have suggested tremendous potential to shape human lives for more convenience and pleasure. Strenuous efforts have been devoted to developing flexible organic field-effect transistor (FOFET) technologies for rollable displays, bendable smart cards, flexible sensors and artificial skins. However, these applications are still in a nascent stage for lack of standard high-performance material stacks as well as mature manufacturing technologies. In this review, the material choice and device design for FOFET devices and circuits, as well as the demonstrated applications are summarized in detail. Moreover, the technical challenges and potential applications of FOFETs in the future are discussed.
Bioerosion of siliceous rocks driven by rock-boring freshwater insects
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Potapov Grigory S. , Palatov Dmitry M. , Chan Nyein , Lunn Zau , Bovykina Galina V. , Chapurina Yulia E. , Kolosova Yulia S. , Spitsyna Elizaveta A. , Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Lyubas Artyom A. , Gofarov Mikhail Y. , Vikhrev Ilya V. , Yapaskurt Vasily O. , Bychkov Andrey Y. , Pokrovsky Oleg S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMacrobioerosion of mineral substrates in fresh water is a little-known geological process. Two examples of rock-boring bivalve molluscs were recently described from freshwater environments. To the best of our knowledge, rock-boring freshwater insects were previously unknown. Here, we report on the discovery of insect larvae boring into submerged siltstone (aleurolite) rocks in tropical Asia. These larvae belong to a new mayfly species and perform their borings using enlarged mandibles. Their traces represent a horizontally oriented, tunnel-like macroboring with two apertures. To date, only three rock-boring animals are known to occur in fresh water globally: a mayfly, a piddock, and a shipworm. All the three species originated within primarily wood-boring clades, indicating a simplified evolutionary shift from wood to hardground substrate based on a set of morphological and anatomical preadaptations evolved in wood borers (e.g., massive larval mandibular tusks in mayflies and specific body, shell, and muscle structure in bivalves).
Rational design of a helical peptide inhibitor targeting c-Myb–KIX interaction
Authors: Suetaka Shunji , Oka Yoshiki , Kunihara Tomoko , Hayashi Yuuki , Arai Munehito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe transcription factor c-Myb promotes the proliferation of hematopoietic cells by interacting with the KIX domain of CREB-binding protein; however, its aberrant expression causes leukemia. Therefore, inhibitors of the c-Myb–KIX interaction are potentially useful as antitumor drugs. Since the intrinsically disordered transactivation domain (TAD) of c-Myb binds KIX via a conformational selection mechanism where helix formation precedes binding, stabilizing the helical structure of c-Myb TAD is expected to increase the KIX-binding affinity. Here, to develop an inhibitor of the c-Myb–KIX interaction, we designed mutants of the c-Myb TAD peptide fragment where the helical structure is stabilized, based on theoretical predictions using AGADIR. Three of the four initially designed peptides each had a different Lys-to-Arg substitution on the helix surface opposite the KIX-binding interface. Furthermore, the triple mutant with three Lys-to-Arg substitutions, named RRR, showed a high helical propensity and achieved three-fold higher affinity to KIX than the wild-type TAD with a dissociation constant of 80 nM. Moreover, the RRR inhibitor efficiently competed out the c-Myb–KIX interaction. These results suggest that stabilizing the helical structure based on theoretical predictions, especially by conservative Lys-to-Arg substitutions, is a simple and useful strategy for designing helical peptide inhibitors of protein–protein interactions.
Topological charge of soft X-ray vortex beam determined by inline holography
Authors: Ishii Yuta , Nakao Hironori , Mizumaki Masaichiro , Wakabayashi Yusuke , Arima Taka-hisa , Yamasaki Yuichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex beam having a spiral wavefront can be characterized by its topological charge (TC). The TC gives the number of times that the beam phase passes through the interval $$[0, 2\pi ]$$

[
0
,
2
π
]

following a closed loop surrounding the propagation axis. Here, the TC spectra of soft X-ray vortex beams are acquired using the in-line holography technique, where interference between vortex waves produced from a fork grating and divergent waves from a Fresnel zone plate is observed as a holographic image. The analyses revealed the phase distributions and the TC for the LG vortex waves, which reflects topological number of the fork gratings, as well as for the Hermite–Gaussian (HG) mode waves generated from the other gratings. We also conducted a simulation of the present technique for pair annihilation of topological defects in a magnetic texture. These results may pave the way for development of probes capable of characterizing the topological numbers of magnetic defects.
Increased risk of secondary bladder cancer after radiation therapy for endometrial cancer
Authors: Wen Li , Zhong Guansheng , Ren Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo investigate the effect of radiation therapy (RT) after endometrial cancer (EC) diagnosis on the risk of occurring secondary bladder cancer (SBC) as well as on the survival outcome of those patients who suffered with SBC. Data was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 1973 and 2015. Chi-squared test was utilized to compare clinicopathological characteristics among different groups. The Fine and Gray’s competing risk model was utilized to assess cumulative incidence and risk of occurring SBC in EC survivors. The Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox regression model were used for survival analysis. As a result, a total of 108,060 EC patients were included, among which 37,118 (34.3%) patients received RT while others did not. The incidence of SBC was 1.31%, 1.76% and 0.96% among patients who received prior brachytherapy, external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and others, respectively. Both of the EBRT (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 2.24, 95% CI [1.94–2.58]) and brachytherapy (SIR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.44–2.13]) group had a higher incidence of SBC than the general population in USA. The competing risk analysis demonstrated that receiving EBRT (HR = 1.97, 95% CI [1.64–2.36]) or brachytherapy (HR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.14–1.87]) were all independent risk factors for developing SBC. A survival detriment was only observed in SBC patients who received prior EBRT after EC diagnosis, but not for brachytherapy, when compared with those who did not undergo RT. Additionally, there were no significant survival differences between primary bladder cancer and SBC with or without prior RT history. Patients who underwent RT after EC had an increased risk of developing bladder cancer as secondary primary cancer. The prognosis of these SBC patients varied depending on types of RT that received after EC diagnosis.
Increasing activity of tropical cyclones in East Asia during the mature boreal autumn linked to long-term climate variability
Authors: Basconcillo Joseph , Moon Il-Ju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the East Asian (EA) region experienced escalated cost of damages associated with tropical cyclones (TC) during the mature boreal autumn (i.e., September−October). Questions arise whether such increased TC-associated cost of damages are indicative of increasing activity of TCs in EA, particularly during the mature boreal autumn. Here we show evidence of significantly increasing activity of TCs in EA from 1981 to 2019 that is mainly accompanied by an abrupt regime shift in TC passage frequency since 1998. Such trend and shift are robustly linked to the shift of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) to its negative phase in the mid-1990s. Characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the subtropical North Pacific, a negative PDO phase is related to the weakening of the East Asian subtropical jetstream and the westward displacement of the WNP subtropical high, which initiates a favorable steering environment for increased TC passages into the EA region. Contrasting environmental patterns are associated in a positive PDO phase. Considering the prominence of EA in the global economy, our paper contributes additional insights on long-term tropical cyclone risk reduction and management in the region.
Elevated mutation rates underlie the evolution of the aquatic plant family Podostemaceae
Authors: Katayama Natsu , Koi Satoshi , Sassa Akira , Kurata Tetsuya , Imaichi Ryoko , Kato Masahiro , Nishiyama Tomoaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular evolutionary rates vary among lineages and influence the evolutionary process. Here, we report elevated genome-wide mutation rates in Podostemaceae, a family of aquatic plants with a unique body plan that allows members to live on submerged rocks in fast-flowing rivers. Molecular evolutionary analyses using 1640 orthologous gene groups revealed two historical increases in evolutionary rates: the first at the emergence of the family and the second at the emergence of Podostemoideae, which is the most diversified subfamily. In both branches, synonymous substitution rates were elevated, indicating higher mutation rates. On early branches, mutations were biased in favour of AT content, which is consistent with a role for ultraviolet light-induced mutation and habitat shift. In ancestors of Podostemoideae, DNA-repair genes were enriched in genes under positive selection, which may have responded to the meristem architectural changes.
How neocarcerand Octacid4 self-assembles with guests into irreversible noncovalent complexes and what accelerates the assembly
Authors: Pang Yuan-Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCram’s supramolecular capsule Octacid4 can irreversibly and noncovalently self-assemble with small-molecule guests at room temperature, but how they self-assemble and what accelerates their assembly remain poorly understood. This article reports 81 distinct Octacid4•guest self-assembly pathways captured in unrestricted, unbiased molecular dynamics simulations. These pathways reveal that the self-assembly was initiated by the guest interaction with the cavity portal exterior of Octacid4 to increase the portal collisions that led to the portal expansion for guest ingress, and completed by the portal contraction caused by the guest docking inside the cavity to impede guest egress. The pathways also reveal that the self-assembly was accelerated by engaging populated host and guest conformations for the exterior interaction to increase the portal collision frequency. These revelations may help explain why the presence of an exterior binding site at the rim of the enzyme active site is a fundamental feature of fast enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and why small molecules adopt local minimum conformations when binding to proteins. Further, these revelations suggest that irreversible noncovalent complexes with fast assembly rates could be developed—by engaging populated host and guest conformations for the exterior interactions—for materials technology, data storage and processing, molecular sensing and tagging, and drug therapy.
A Reading Comprehension Intervention for Dual Language Learners With Weak Language and Reading Skills
Authors: Sanabria Ashley Adams , Restrepo Maria Adelaida , Walker Erin , Glenberg Arthur 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
We evaluated the efficacy of a reading comprehension intervention with dual language learners (DLLs) with documented English reading comprehension difficulties, half of whom had a developmental language disorder. The intervention EMBRACE (Enhanced Moved by Reading to Accelerate Comprehension in English) required children to move images on an iPad to both improve and demonstrate understanding of multichapter stories. Additionally, we determined the characteristics of students who most benefit from the intervention.

Method:
Fifty-six participants in second to fifth grades were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (a) Spanish support intervention or (b) Spanish support control. Outcome measures included performance on comprehension questions related to the intervention texts, two transfer texts with no strategy instruction, and the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests–Fourth Edition Reading Comprehension subtest administered pre- and post-intervention.

Results:
Multilevel hierarchical linear models were used to account for nesting of question within child within classroom. For this group of DLLs, the overall intervention effect was not statistically significant. However, the intervention was most effective with narrative (vs. expository) texts and easy (vs. more difficult) texts. DLLs with lower initial English reading abilities (decoding and comprehension) benefited more from the intervention than those with stronger reading skills.

Conclusions:
The EMBRACE intervention has promise for use with DLLs with low baseline decoding and comprehension skills, particularly in early elementary grades. Future research should aim to match text difficulty with child skills when introducing new comprehension strategies to maximize benefit from the intervention.
Self-Reported Confidence and Knowledge-Based Differences Between Multilingual and Monolingual Speech-Language Pathologists When Serving Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations
Authors: Narayanan Taylor L. , Ramsdell Heather L. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with multilingual and monolingual speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) knowledge base and confidence levels when working with clients who are culturally and linguistically diverse.Method:A survey was distributed by e-mail to 15,049 SLPs across the United States, with 1,319 anonymous responses received. The questions related to exposure to and knowledge of multilingualism in clinical practice.Results:Demographic data were reported and compared to the national average of SLPs. Additionally, associations were made between participants' demographics, training, and work experience and their self-reported confidence and knowledge base related to working with clients who are linguistically diverse.Conclusions:Respondents who had worked with clients who speak languages other than English, who had received training with multilingual SLPs, and/or who had received training to become multilingual SLPs reported greater confidence levels and knowledge base when working with clients who are culturally and linguistically diverse. The characteristics of multilingual and monolingual respondents were fairly comparable in both their clinical experiences, educational history, and training, suggesting internal validity of the results. Clinical implications, study limitations, and future directions will be discussed.
Providing in-service online language training for primary teachers of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Chen Jia , Huang Ruiqiong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This report assesses the use of a Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) to provide an in-service language training programme for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in a primary school in Shanghai, China. The 12-month oral English training programme featured unique in-depth university-school collaborations, tiered project management and flexible self-directed learning experiences by the participants. This programme was a piloting project aimed at exploring an effective way of workplace language training and usefulness of Moodle-LMS’ potential in providing a flexible and interactive learning environment for training primary school language teachers.