bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial peptides with cell-penetrating activity as prophylactic and treatment drugs
Authors: del Rio Gabriel , Trejo Perez Mario A. , Brizuela Carlos A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHealth is fundamental for the development of individuals and evolution of species. In that sense, for human societies is relevant to understand how the human body has developed molecular strategies to maintain health. In the present review, we summarize diverse evidence that support the role of peptides in this endeavor. Of particular interest to the present review are antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPP). Different experimental evidence indicates that AMP/CPP are able to regulate autophagy, which in turn regulates the immune system response. AMP also assists in the establishment of the microbiota, which in turn is critical for different behavioral and health aspects of humans. Thus, AMP and CPP are multifunctional peptides that regulate two aspects of our bodies that are fundamental to our health: autophagy and microbiota. While it is now clear the multifunctional nature of these peptides, we are still in the early stages of the development of computational strategies aimed to assist experimentalists in identifying selective multifunctional AMP/CPP to control nonhealthy conditions. For instance, both AMP and CPP are computationally characterized as amphipatic and cationic, yet none of these features are relevant to differentiate these peptides from non-AMP or non-CPP. The present review aims to highlight current knowledge that may facilitate the development of AMP’s design tools for preventing or treating illness.
Apoplastic and vascular defences
Authors: Darino Martin , Kanyuka Kostya , Hammond-Kosack Kim E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The apoplast comprises the intercellular space between cell membranes, includes the xylem, and extends to the rhizoplane and the outer surfaces of the plant. The apoplast plays roles in different biological processes including plant immunity. This highly specialised space is often the first place where pathogen recognition occurs, and this then triggers the immune response. The immune response in the apoplast involves different mechanisms that restrict pathogen infection. Among these responses, secretion of different molecules like proteases, proteins related to immunity, small RNAs and secondary metabolites play important and often additive or synergistic roles. In addition, production of reactive oxygen species occurs to cause direct deleterious effects on the pathogen as well as reinforce the plant’s immune response by triggering modifications to cell wall composition and providing additional defence signalling capabilities. The pool of available sugar in the apoplast also plays a role in immunity. These sugars can be manipulated by both interactors, pathogens gaining access to nutrients whilst the plant's responses restrict the pathogen’s access to nutrients. In this review, we describe the latest findings in the field to highlight the importance of the apoplast in plant–pathogen interactions and plant immunity. We also indicate where new discoveries are needed.
A novel approach for single and combined power quality disturbances detection using fundamental and harmonic phasors estimation model
Authors: Samadinasab Sajad , Jalilian Alireza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe growing use of non‐linear loads is one of the main reasons for harmonic distortions in distribution systems. Power quality disturbances have caused improper performance of electrical equipment and have created many technical and economic problems for industries and customers. One approach to overcome these problems and also the correct detection of PQ disturbances is power quality monitoring (PQM). Measurement and estimation are two essential tools to understand and investigate PQ problems in distribution networks. Here, a new estimation model is used to simultaneously extract the fundamental and harmonic phasors information of the system. In other words, the proposed estimation model has been used to access system‐level data. Also, the recursive variational mode extraction (RVME) approach efficiency has been investigated for detecting power quality disturbances (PQDs). Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PQDs detection method, six different scenarios of disturbances are investigated. The IEEE 13‐bus and IEEE 34‐bus standard distribution test networks are used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Also, the real‐time PQ disturbances are used for validating the proposed PQDs detection method. Results obtained demonstrate the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed approach in correctly diagnosing real‐time PQ disturbances.
Effects of plastic vehicular covers on radiation characteristics of lightweight, dual‐band antenna for vehicular communications
Authors: Chletsou Adamantia , Locke John F. , Papapolymerou John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper highlights the impact of curved and flat vehicular plastic parts on the radiation characteristics of two dual‐band antennas for cellular ‐ vehicle to everything (C‐V2X) applications. The radiation patterns of the antennas are measured in SATIMO near field measurement system and are compared during the following setups: (a) antennas alone in the near field system, without the presence of a plastic part; (b) antennas mounted on the inside curved surface of a driver's side mirror cover; (c) antennas mounted on the outside curved surface of the driver's side mirror cover; (d) antennas mounted on a flat trunk lid; (e) antennas mounted on a curved plastic retrieved from the A‐pillar of a vehicle. Comparison among the antennas radiation pattern measurements during these five different setups, results in the conclusion that the inside surface of the side mirror cover is the most suitable position to mount the presented dual‐band antennas.
Tracing the Milky Way warp and spiral arms with classical Cepheids
Authors: Lemasle B. , Lala H. N. , Kovtyukh V. , Hanke M. , Prudil Z. , Bono G. , Braga V. F. , da Silva R. , Fabrizio M. , Fiorentino G. , François P. , Grebel E. K. , Kniazev A. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Mapping the Galactic spiral structure is a difficult task since the Sun is located in the Galactic plane and because of dust extinction. For these reasons, molecular masers in radio wavelengths have been used with great success to trace the Milky Way spiral arms. Recently, Gaia parallaxes have helped in investigating the spiral structure in the Solar extended neighborhood.
Aims. In this paper, we propose to determine the location of the spiral arms using Cepheids since they are bright, young supergiants with accurate distances (they are the first ladder of the extragalactic distance scale). They can be observed at very large distances; therefore, we need to take the Galactic warp into account.
Methods. Thanks to updated mid-infrared photometry and to the most complete catalog of Galactic Cepheids, we derived the parameters of the warp using a robust regression method. Using a clustering algorithm, we identified groups of Cepheids after having corrected their Galactocentric distances from the (small) effects of the warp.
Results. We derived new parameters for the Galactic warp, and we show that the warp cannot be responsible for the increased dispersion of abundance gradients in the outer disk reported in previous studies. We show that Cepheids can be used to trace spiral arms, even at large distances from the Sun. The groups we identify are consistent with previous studies explicitly deriving the position of spiral arms using young tracers (masers, OB(A) stars) or mapping overdensities of upper main-sequence stars in the Solar neighborhood thanks to Gaia data.
Impact of stellar flares on the chemical composition and transmission spectra of gaseous exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs
Authors: Konings T. , Baeyens R. , Decin L. 
Published: September 2022

Context.Stellar flares of active M dwarfs can affect the atmospheric composition of close-orbiting gas giants, and can result in time-dependent transmission spectra.Aims.We aim to examine the impact of a variety of flares, differing in energy, duration, and occurrence frequency, on the composition and transmission spectra of close-orbiting, tidally locked gaseous planets with climates dominated by equatorial superrotation.Methods.We used a series of pseudo-2D photo- and thermochemical kinetics models, which take advection by the equatorial jet stream into account, to simulate the neutral molecular composition of a gaseous planet (Teff= 800 K) that orbits a M dwarf during artificially constructed flare events. We then computed transmission spectra for the evening and morning limb.Results.We find that the upper regions (i.e. below 10 μbar) of the dayside and evening limb are heavily depleted in CH4and NH3up to several days after a flare event with a total radiative energy of 2 × 1033erg. Molar fractions of C2H2and HCN are enhanced up to a factor three on the nightside and morning limb after day-to-nightside advection of photodissociated CH4and NH3. Methane depletion reduces transit depths by 100–300 parts per million (ppm) on the evening limb and C2H2production increases the 14 μm feature up to 350 ppm on the morning limb. We find that repeated flaring drives the atmosphere to a composition that differs from its pre-flare distribution and that this translates to a permanent modification of the transmission spectrum.Conclusions.We show that single high-energy flares can affect the atmospheres of close-orbiting gas giants up to several days after the flare event, during which their transmission spectra are altered by several hundred ppm. Repeated flaring has important implications for future retrieval analyses of exoplanets around active stars, as the atmospheric composition and resulting spectral signatures substantially differ from models that do not include flaring.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG
Authors: Zhang R. , Lucatello S. , Bragaglia A. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Andreuzzi G. , Casali G. , Carrera R. , Carretta E. , D’Orazi V. , Frasca A. , Fu X. , Magrini L. , Minchev I. , Origlia L. , Spina L. , Vallenari A. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Exploring the Galactic chemical evolution and enrichment scenarios with open clusters (OCs) allows us to understand the history of the Milky Way disk. High-resolution spectra of OCs are a crucial tool, as they provide precise chemical information, to combine with precise distances and ages.
Aims. The aim of the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project is to derive homogeneous and accurate comprehensive chemical characterization of a number of poorly studied OCs.
Methods. Using the HARPS-N echelle spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), we obtained high-resolution spectra of giant stars in 18 OCs, 16 of which are chemically characterized for the first time, and two of which are well studied for comparison. The OCs in this sample have ages from a few tens of Myr to 4 Gyr, with a prevalence of young clusters. We already presented the radial velocities and atmospheric parameters for them in a previous SPA paper. Here, we present results for the α-elements O, Mg, Si, Ca and Ti, and the light elements Na and Al, all determined by the equivalent width method. We also measured Li abundance through the synthesis method.
Results. We discuss the behaviors of lithium, sodium and aluminum in the context of stellar evolution. For Na and Al, we compare our findings with models to investigate their behaviors as a function of mass, suggesting that Na mixing to the surface might start in masses as low as 2 M⊙. We study the radial, vertical, and age trends for the measured abundance ratios in a sample that combines our results and recent literature for OCs, finding significant (positive) gradients only for [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] in all cases. Finally, we compare O and Mg in the combined sample with chemo-dynamical models, finding a good agreement for intermediate-age and old clusters. There is a sharp increase in the abundance ratios measured among very young clusters (age < 300 Myr), accompanied by a poorer fit with the models for O and Mg, likely related to the inadequacy of traditional model atmospheres and methods in the derivation of atmospheric parameters and abundance ratios for stars of such young ages.
Theory of solar oscillations in the inertial frequency range: Amplitudes of equatorial modes from a nonlinear rotating convection simulation
Authors: Bekki Yuto , Cameron Robert H. , Gizon Laurent 
Published: September 2022

Context.Several types of inertial modes have been detected on the Sun. Properties of these inertial modes have been studied in the linear regime, but have not been studied in nonlinear simulations of solar rotating convection. Comparing the nonlinear simulations, the linear theory, and the solar observations is important to better understand the differences between the models and the real Sun.Aims.Our aim is to detect and characterize the modes present in a nonlinear numerical simulation of solar convection, in particular to understand the amplitudes and lifetimes of the modes.Methods.We developed a code with a Yin-Yang grid to carry out fully nonlinear numerical simulations of rotating convection in a spherical shell. The stratification is solar-like up to the top of the computational domain at 0.96 R⊙. The simulations cover a duration of about 15 solar years, which is more than the observational length of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Various large-scale modes at low frequencies (comparable to the solar rotation frequency) are extracted from the simulation. Their characteristics are compared to those from the linear model and to the observations.Results.Among other modes, both the equatorial Rossby modes and the columnar convective modes are seen in the simulation. The columnar convective modes, with north-south symmetric longitudinal velocityvϕ, contain most of the large-scale velocity power outside the tangential cylinder and substantially contribute to the heat and angular momentum transport near the equator. Equatorial Rossby modes with no radial nodes (n = 0) are also found; they have the same spatial structures as the linear eigenfunctions. They are stochastically excited by convection and have the amplitudes of a few m s−1and mode linewidths of about 20−30 nHz, which are comparable to those observed on the Sun. We also confirm the existence of the “mixed” Rossby modes between the equatorial Rossby modes with one radial node (n = 1) and the columnar convective modes with north-south antisymmetricvϕin our nonlinear simulation, as predicted by the linear eigenmode analysis. We also see the high-latitude mode withm = 1 in our nonlinear simulation, but its amplitude is much weaker than that observed on the Sun.
Bedeutung und Einsatzpotenziale von Gesundheits-Apps in der diabetologischen Versorgung – Ergebnisse einer Befragungsstudie
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Mit Blick auf Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 als lebensstilinduzierte Erkrankung wird ein großer potenzieller Nutzen in Gesundheits-Apps gesehen, die gesundheitsunterstützend bei Prävention und Monitoring oder auch der Therapie helfen sollen. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, den Anwendungshorizont, die Akzeptanz und Einstellungen sowie Erfahrungen von Ärzt*innen aus diabetologischen Schwerpunktpraxen hinsichtlich des Nutzungspotenzials von Gesundheits-Apps für Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 explorativ zu beleuchten.
Methodik Aufbauend auf mehreren Vorstudien wurden mittels schriftlicher Befragung zwischen März und Mai 2021 insgesamt 291 Ärzt*innen diabetologischer Schwerpunktpraxen in Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen, Thüringen und dem Saarland anonymisiert befragt. Die Rücklaufquote beträgt 30% (N=88). Neben der deskriptiven Analyse wurde ein t-Test bei unabhängigen Stichproben durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die Befragten verbinden mit dem Einsatz von Apps eine wirksame Stärkung von Empowerment, Motivation und Compliance, aber auch durch Erinnerungs- und lebensstilunterstützenden Funktionen eine mögliche Effektivierung der Prävention und des Erkrankungsmanagements von Typ-2-Diabetes-Patient*innen. Gerade jüngere Ärzt*innen in städtischen Praxisumgebungen begegnen Gesundheits-Apps mit positiver Einstellung und greifen im Praxisalltag auf solche Tools zurück. Skepsis besteht auf Seiten der Befragten u.a. in Bezug auf die Anwendungsfreundlichkeit und Datensicherheit bestehender Apps sowie hinsichtlich rechtlicher Fragestellungen. Eine Mehrheit räumt ein, keinen ausreichenden Überblick über diabetologische Apps zu besitzen und traut sich eine Beratung von Patient*innen nur bedingt zu. Diejenigen Ärzt*innen, bei denen Apps schon in der Versorgung Einzug fanden, beobachten in großer Mehrzahl positive Effekte bei der Steigerung der Compliance, im schnelleren Aufdecken bzw. Verringern von Komplikationen, bei der Gewichtsreduktion sowie bei der Abnahme des HbA1c-Werts.
Diskussion Trotz der positiver Effekte, die Gesundheits-Apps für Prävention und Therapie haben können, bestehen bei vielen diabetologischen Ärzt*innen Vorbehalte hinsichtlich der Überschaubarkeit, Transparenz und Sicherheit von Apps. Diese Bedenken sollten verstärkt adressiert werden, um die richtigen Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Integration von Gesundheits-Apps in die diabetologische Versorgung zu schaffen (u.a. verbindliche Datenschutz- und Qualitätsstandards, klare Rechtslage in Bezug auf die Anwendung von Apps, Schulungen, Tools zur Übersicht und Einordnung).
Prähospitaler Kreislaufstillstand unter einem seltenen Umstand
Authors: Grübl Tobias , Günnewig Sebastian , Schulte Holger , Weller Norbert , Schmidbauer Willi , Jänig Christoph Walter , Müller Gunnar 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungEs wird der Fall eines jungen Patienten mit Kreislaufstillstand nach suizidaler Inkorporation von Natriumnitrat beschrieben.Während der Reanimation sind reversible Ursachen zu suchen und schnell zu therapieren. Intoxikationen sind dabei oft nur schwer detektierbar. Nitroverbindungen führen zur Bildung von
Methämoglobin und so zur Hypoxie. Anhand mobiler Laborgeräte kann dies bereits prähospital diagnostiziert werden. Therapeutisch ist zunächst ein symptomatisches Vorgehen mit Oxygenierung
und Kreislaufunterstützung sowie ggf. erweiterten Maßnahmen angezeigt. Auch für seltene Intoxikationen sollten spezifische Antidota zumindest zentral vorgehalten werden. Notfallmediziner
müssen die Zugriffs- und alternative Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bis zu deren Verfügbarkeit kennen. Im Falle eines Kreislaufstillstands können Systeme zur extrakorporalen
Kreislaufunterstützung diesen Zeitraum überbrücken.
Neurodegeneration: Microglia: Nf-Kappab Signaling
Pathways
Authors: Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Mahmood Tarique , Ahsan Farogh , Wasim Rufaida 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicroglia is cells of mesodermal/mesenchymal origin that migrate into the
central nervous system (CNS) to form resident macrophages inside the special
brain microenvironment. Intact with both neuronal and non-neuronal cells,
microglia is highly active cells. Continuous process extension and retraction
allows microglia to scan the brain parenchyma for threats. They are also able to
change their morphology from ramified to amoeboid, which is a sign of cell
activity. In response to pleiotropic stimuli such as neurotransmitters,
cytokines, and plasma proteins, microglia express a diverse range of receptors.
As controllers of synaptic activities and phagocytosis of developing neurons,
they serve a critical role in the healthy brain and have significant effects on
synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis. A frequent cause of
hypoparathyroidism is a mutation in the gene glial cells missing-2 (GCM2).
Neonatal hypoparathyroidism has an amorphic recessive GCM2 mutation, while
autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism has a dominant-negative GCM2 mutation.
Curiously, familial isolated hyperparathyroidism has been associated with
activating GCM2 mutation. In addition to seizures, neurocognitive impairment,
carpopedal spasm, tingling and numbness are common clinical manifestations of
hypoparathyroidism. Biogenic amines are a group of four neurotransmitters that
belong to that category and these include serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine,
and epinephrine. Numerous antidepressants prevent the reuptake from occurring
the brain-gut axis is hardwired through the CNS, enteric nervous system (ENS),
neuroendocrine linkages and highly innervated nerve plexuses.
Comparative Inhibitory Effects of Natural Biflavones from Ginkgo against Human CYP1B1 in Recombinant Enzymes and MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Zhao Tingting , Du Jie , Guan Xintong , Yu Hong , Wang Dalong , Wang Changyuan , Meng Qiang , Yao Jialin , Sun Huijun , Liu Kexin , Wu Jingjing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an extrahepatic enzyme overexpressed in many tumors and associated with angiogenesis. Ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, sciadopitysin, and amentoflavone, the
primary biflavones found in Ginkgo biloba, have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect of biflavones on CYP1B1 activities remains unknown. In this
study, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) was used to characterize the activities of CYP1 families. The impacts of four ginkgo biflavones on CYP1B1 activity and the cellular
protein expression of CYP1B1 were systematically investigated. The results showed that amentoflavone with six hydroxyl substituents exhibited the most potent selective inhibitory effect on
CYP1B1 activity with IC50 of 0.054 µM in four biflavones. Sciadopitysin, with three hydroxyl and three methoxy substituents, had the weakest inhibitory activity against CYP1B1.
Ginkgetin and isoginkgetin, both with four hydroxyl and two methoxy substituents, showed similar inhibitory intensity towards CYP1B1 with IC50 values of 0.289 and 0.211 µM,
respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that ginkgetin and amentoflavone inhibited CYP1B1 in a non-competitive mode, whereas sciadopitysin and isoginkgetin induced competitive or mixed types
of inhibition. Notably, four ginkgo biflavones were also confirmed to suppress the protein expressions of CYP1B1 and AhR in MCF-7. Furthermore, molecular docking studies indicated
more hydrogen bonds formed between amentoflavone and CYP1B1, which might explain the strongest inhibitory action towards CYP1B1. In summary, these findings suggested that biflavones
remarkably inhibited both the activity and protein expression of CYP1B1 and the inhibitory activities enhanced with the increasing hydroxyl substitution, providing new insights into the
anti-tumor potentials of biflavones.