bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic History Matching of Parent-Child Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs with Complex Fracture Hits
Authors: Gao Mingyi , Zhou Wen , Zhang Jian , Chang Cheng , Wu Jianfa , Yang Hongzhi , Zhao Shengxian , Liu Chuxi , Yu Wei , Xu Hao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is excessively crucial for performing production match of parent-child wells automatically by using assisted history matching approach, especially considering the interwell interference scenario. We explored a new EDFM-AI (Embedded Discrete Facture Model-Artificial Intelligence) workflow by taking into account the multiple uncertainty parameters that were composed of fracture height, fracture half-length, fracture conductivity, fracture water saturation, fracture cluster efficiency, and natural fracture conductivity. The history matching algorithm implemented in this study is advanced machine learning model called XGBoost. It could overcome the issue that the proxy model is always imprecise due to the limited training sample data. Specifically, we established a field-scale reservoir model that includes parent-child shale gas wells with fracture hits in the Sichuan basin. By using this sophisticated workflow, two wells’ history matching results are excellent in terms of the inversed solution of the hydraulic fracture properties and natural fracture properties. And then, we perform the production forecasting for parent and child wells, respectively. Consequently, the results show that the best match value for estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of parent well is 287.4 million cubic meters whereas the best match value for EUR of child well is 187.6 million cubic meters. The reliable reason is that effective fractured area of parent well is larger than that of child well. Besides, the natural fractures have a significant impact on the performance of shale gas wells with fracture hits observed, especially in the short-term production period.
Particle Project Correction for Rock Avalanche: Particle Crushing in Aerzhai Rock Avalanche, China
Authors: Yang Qingwen , Cui Shenghua , Yang Zheng , Qian Bo , He Shuang , Wu Hao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Strong fluidized rock avalanches with various particle sizes are one of the typical disasters in the mountainous area of southwestern China. Statistical analysis on rock avalanche particles can help understand the traveling behavior, distance, and deposition of rock avalanche, which are useful for potential threat range prediction and disaster prevention. Rock avalanche deposit has more than one oblique slopes different in attitude. Image distortion will happen when particles on the slopes are projected to one plane. Area projection conversion coefficient Ki is applied in this paper to correct the distortion and improve the precision of the geometric dimension parameters of the rock avalanche particle. A rock avalanche (Aerzhai rock avalanche) with a volume of about 10×104 m3 took place in Longxi Township, Wenchuan County, China, on April 8, 2018. Being corrected by the coefficient Ki, the mean area and the standard deviation of the particles within different zones have been obtained, and we analyzed their changes in vertical and transverse directions. Here, we show that the mean particle area decreases by about 61.1% from the source to deposition region and area standard deviation decreases by about 37.4%. The deposition region shows a higher proportion of small crashed particles than the source region. The proportion of small particles gets larger with the longitudinal motion distance and lateral distance. For big particles’ significant potential energy-driving ability and inertia advantages, the longitudinal motion routes can be maintained, and inertia decreases as the particles get smaller, while small particles offset from the center area laterally. These statistical characters are easy to be ignored if projection correction is not performed.
The Role of Tectonic Discontinuities in Triggering Large Seismic Landslides
Authors: Cui Shenghua , Yang Qingwen , Zhu Ling , Pei Xiangjun , Wang Shanyong , Liang Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Rock landslides are generally controlled by a series of discontinuous interfaces formed by damage to complex structural rock masses that is related to folds, faults, and shear zones, which provide potential failure boundaries. Based on a detailed case study, the authors illustrate that structural damage not only affects the 3D boundaries of landslides but also significantly controls the initiation mode. In this paper, six large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) in the carbonate strata within two wings of an anticline are selected as examples. A detailed geological engineering investigation, rock mass testing, and rock mass quality assessment are performed. The results of the research show that landslides near the core of the anticline may be closely related to the geological strength index, while landslides far away from the core of the anticline are more likely to be controlled by the preexisting weak zone within the slope. In addition, the combination of structural planes and weak zones further determines the initiation mode. A comparison of earthquake-induced landslides with gravity-induced landslides reveals that strong earthquakes accelerate the process of geomorphic erosion by reducing the geological strength index (GSI) values of landslides. Finally, this study proposes that the damage to rock masses in complex tectonic environments is of great importance to assess the location, initiation mechanism, and mode of potential large-scale landslides caused by strong earthquakes.
Competitive Effects of Permeability and Gravity on the Drying-Out Process during CO2 Geological Sequestration in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Ren Jie , Wang Yuan , Feng Di 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Salt precipitation from the drying-out process has a profound effect on the well injectivity during the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers. Both gravity and reservoir heterogeneity have a significant impact on CO2-plume behavior and CO2 storage capacities. The collective effect of gravity and heterogeneity on the drying-out process by site-scale numerical simulation based on the Sleipner project had been investigated. Three site-scale permeability heterogeneous models and a fracture model had been built; simulation results showed that the gravity effect significantly increased the solid saturation at the injection well in the homogeneous model; changing the position of the injection well can change the distance that gravity can act and affect the amount of salt precipitation near the injection well. A novel conclusion is gravity and heterogeneity showed a mutual resistance relationship when considering the collective effect of gravity and heterogeneity on solid saturation. Gravity effects reduced the amount of salt deposited in the fracture model; at low CO2 injection rate, gravity force dominated CO2 flow; increased rock heterogeneity suppressed the production of salt precipitates; at high CO2 injection rate, viscous force dominated flow; and increased heterogeneity increased salt precipitation. This research is of important guiding significance for the design of site screening and injection schemes from the perspective of avoiding a large amount of salt precipitation and pressure build-up.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in South Korea Based on Data from the National Health Insurance Database: Corticosteroid use and Bone Health Management
Authors: Yoon Jin A , Park Ho Eun , Kim Jinmi , Son Jungmin , Shin Yong Beom 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the current corticosteroid use and bone health management status of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in South Korea. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database regarding bone status, spine radiography findings, bone mineral density, and laboratory test results were obtained, as well as the proportion of patients with spine and lower limb prostheses, occurrence of scoliosis, and age at scoliosis surgery.Results: Deflazacort dose in the ambulant group (aged <15 years) increased by age and year. The maintenance dose of prednisolone and deflazacort for the 15–19 years group decreased by year. Among the patients, 12.47% underwent spine radiography, 23.11% underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 22.7% underwent vitamin D tests. Moreover, 40.9% of the patients were prescribed vitamin D at a mean age of 14.6 ± 6.1 years, while 10.22% were prescribed bisphosphonate at 17.92 ± 3.4 years. Further, 16.1% of the patients underwent posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion at 14.4 ± 2.3 years and 5.3% underwent anterior spinal instrumentation and fusion at 14.4 ± 2.3 years. Ankle-foot orthosis and spine orthosis prescriptions were noted in 4.91% and 1.84% of patients, respectively.Conclusions: The current status of clinical practice for patients with DMD in South Korea has been presented. It is expected that the findings of this study will contribute to raising awareness of the necessity of establishing a domestic registry in the country for patients with DMD.
Non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing practices for symptoms of urinary tract infection in community pharmacies and accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania. A simulated clients approach
Authors: Ndaki Pendo M. , Mushi Martha F. , Mwanga Joseph R. , Konje Eveline T. , Mugassa Stella , Manyiri Msilikale W. , Mwita Stanley M. , Ntinginya Nyanda E. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Keenan Katherine , Sabiiti Wilber , Kesby Mike , Sandeman Alison , -Paez Fernando B. , Holden Matthew T.G. , Mshana Stephen E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

Antibiotic dispensing without prescription is a major determinant of the emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) which has impact on population health and cost of healthcare delivery. This study used simulated clients describing UTI like symptoms to explore compliance with regulation, variations in dispensing practices and drug recommendation, and quality of seller-client interaction on the basis of the gender of the client and the type of drug outlets in three regions in Tanzania.
Method

A total of 672 Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs) and community pharmacies were visited by mystery clients (MCs). The study was conducted in three regions of Tanzania namely Kilimanjaro (180, 26.79%), Mbeya (169, 25.15%) and Mwanza (323, 48.07%) in March - May 2020. During data collection, information was captured using epicollect5 software before being analyzed using Stata version 13.
Results

Overall, 89.43% (CI: 86.87%-91.55%) of drug sellers recommended antibiotics to clients who described UTI like symptoms but held no prescription and 58.93% were willing to sell less than the minimum recommended course. Female clients were more likely than male to be asked if they were taking other medications (27.2% vs 9.8%), or had seen a doctor (27.8% vs 14.7%), and more likely to be advised to consult a doctor (21.6% vs 9.0%); pharmacies addressed these issues more often than ADDOs (17.7% vs 13.2%, 23.9% vs 16.6%, 17.7 vs 10.9% respectively). Sellers recommended 32 different drugs to treat the same set of symptoms, only 7 appear in the Tanzanian Standard Treatment Guidelines as recommended for UTI and 30% were 2nd and 3rd line drugs. ADDO sellers recommended 31 drug types (including 2nd and 3rd line) but had permission to stock only 3 (1st line) drugs. The most commonly suggested antibiotics were Azithromycin (35.4%) and ciprofloxacin (20.5%). Azithromycin was suggested more often in pharmacies (40.8%) than in ADDOs (34.4%) and more often to male clients (36.0%) than female (33.1%).
Conclusion

These findings support the need for urgent action to ensure existing regulations are adhered to and to promote the continuing professional development of drug sellers at all outlet levels to ensure compliance with regulation, high quality service and better antibiotic stewardship.
Effect of multicomponent exercise in cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cavero-Redondo Iván , Venegas-Sanabria Luis Carlos , Martínez-Vizcaino Vicente , Cano-Gutierrez Carlos Alberto , Álvarez-Bueno Celia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Multicomponent physical exercise is the most recommended type of physical intervention in older adults, however, this effect on cognition is unclear. This study assesses the effect of multicomponent physical exercise on global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.Methods: Randomized controlled trials published until January 2021 were searched across three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Database). Data about exercises included in the multicomponent intervention (endurance, strength, balance, or flexibility), the inclusion of aerobic exercise, and the change in global cognition were extracted. The effect size was represented as a standardized mean difference. Risk of bias was assessed by the RoB2 tool. Results: A total of 8 studies were included. The overall effect size suggested an effect of multicomponent exercise on global cognition. However, the subgroup analysis showed an effect only when aerobic exercise was included in the intervention. No effect when mild cognitive impairment and dementia were assessed separately was found.Conclusion: This study suggests that multicomponent physical exercise could have an effect on global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia only when aerobic exercise is included in the intervention. Our results support the inclusion of structured physical exercise programs in the management of people with cognitive impairment.
Downside Risk-Return Volatilities During Covid 19 Outbreak: A Comparison Across Developed and Emerging Markets.
Authors: shah syed asim , Raza Hassan , Hashmi Aijaz Mustafa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research study evaluates the impact of the covid 19 pandemics on the downside risk-return volatilities across the four stock markets of the USA, UK, China and Pakistan. The pandemic results in severe economic and financial consequences both at micro and macro levels as well as across the stock markets of various countries. The selected stock markets of the USA, UK, Pakistan and China are significantly affected in terms of both investor risk and return during the pandemic time. The entire period distribution of the risk exhibited the downside risk behaviour of both markets and investors serious concern regarding their investment strategies. Using high-frequency data from January-2020 to April 2021, the findings of the study reveal more of the downside abnormal returns across both markets. The impact of larger and high in developed markets of USA and UK compare to the emerging markets of China and Pakistan. The outcomes of the various VaR models discloses the higher downside risk implications for all markets, larger for developed countries. Similarly, the three stock markets of the USA, UK and China were found to be significantly connected during a pandemic. Investor’s reactions were positive and high in case of positive news outbreaks and dwindling in case of negative news and downside impact. The outcomes of the study are useful for investors, portfolio managers, investment advisors and others to understand the dynamics of the pandemic situation and devise effective strategies to overcome the severities of downside risk.
Labor Characteristics And Intrapartum Interventions In Women With Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section
Authors: Lan Yehui , Pan Shuangjia , Peng Lingli , Chen Ruyang , Hua Ying , Ma Yanyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Cesarean delivery is the most frequently performed surgical procedure worldwide. With the development of China’s Two-child-policy, vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) has aroused a great public concern due to the fear of perinatal complications and uterine rupture. It is important to understand the labour characteristics and intrapartum management of women attempting VBAC to enhance the rates of successful VBAC. In this study, we aimed to provide clinical evidence of standardized intrapartum management in women with a trial of labour after cesarean section (TOLAC).Material and methods: This observational retrospective study enrolled all VBAC women who delivered vaginally with spontaneous labor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from 2016 and 2019. They were allocated into observation A group (the previous cesarean section was performed before dilation of cervix) and observation B group (the previous cesarean section was performed after dilation of cervix). 149 primiparae constituted primipara control group and 155 multiparae with second vaginal birth constituted multipara control group. Durations of labor, intervention measures and perinatal outcomes were compared among the groups.Results: The durations of labor, intrapartum interventions and maternal and neonatal outcomes in observation A group resembled to observation B group. However, compared with primiparae, women in observation group and observation A group had shorter first, second and the total stages of labor. Compared with multiparae, Women in observation group and observation B group had longer second stage of labor, but shorter third stage of labor. VBAC women were more likely to receive episiotomy and had higher incidences of postpartum hemorrhage than primipara and multipara women.Conclusions: Labour characteristics in VBAC women with or without cervix dilation showed no significant difference, but differed significantly from those of multiparae and primiparae. Artificial rupture of membrane, oxytocin, phloroglucinol and epidural analgesia is regularly used for VBAC women. Episiotomy is encouraged to shorten the second stage of labor, while forceps delivery should be minimized whenever possible. We should be alert to the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage in VBAC women.
Association Between Clinical Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Lesions in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Yang Xiangna , Chen Xiaogang , Deng Jian , Wang Yanfei , Li Ziyi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the leading causes of acquired coronary artery diseases in childhood. In KD patients, the evidence on the association between easy-to-assess clinical risk factors and development of coronary artery lesion (CAL). Our study aimed to determine the clinical biomarkers that were associated with latent occurrence of CAL in pediatric patients with KD. Methods: 260 pediatric KD patients were recruited. The outcome of our study is CAL, including coronary dilation, coronary aneurysm, and intimal thickening of coronary arteries. Data of general information, medical history, results of laboratory examinations and echocardiography data were collected. Logistic regression method was carried out to explore the associations between biomarkers and each CAL. Results: Sixty-six (25.4 %), thirty-nine (15 %) and fifty-six patients (21.5 %) of the participants had coronary dilation, coronary aneurysm, and intimal thickening of coronary arteries, respectively. Single-variable analysis found age, gender, duration of fever, time of initial use of IVIG, ESR, WBC, time of platelet increase, maximum value of platelet, albumin and IgG level were associated with CAL. In multivariable logistic analysis, younger in age and male were associated with all three outcomes of CAL. Lower serum albumin level and later initial use of IVIG were linked to higher risk of coronary dilation and coronary aneurysm.Conclusion: In a Chinese pediatric population of KD, younger in age, male, lower serum albumin lever, and later initial use of IVIG were risk factors of CAL. Our findings had high practicability to be implemented in clinical practice, however, is to be verified by future studies.
Modeling The Predictors of Preterm Delivery Based On The Pregnancy Care Data
Authors: Pajohanfar Nasim Sadat , Esmaeili Reza , Mohammadzade Fatemeh , Sadeghinasab Javad , Bilandi Roghaieh Rahman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Effective reduction in prenatal mortality and comorbid complications, and associated expenses necessitates the determination of the causative agents and early identification of the risk of preterm delivery in pregnant women.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the cases of 5651 mothers. Data was collected based on the information recorded in the patient files within the time period of 2016-2020 in the community health centers of Gonabad. Logistic regression model was employed to determine the factors associated with preterm delivery. The external validity of the model of the factors predicting preterm delivery was independently analyzed for the data collected from 100 postpartum women.Findings: Of the total deliveries studied, preterm delivery occurred in 11.5% of them (i.e., 649 deliveries). The multiple logistic regression model included 7 variables for predicting preterm birth. The developed model was checked for internal and external validity using accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the area under the ROC curve. In the educational data, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the area under the ROC curve was 65.4%, 65.8%, 66.0%, 19.3%, 92.9%, 0.681, respectively. Conclusion: This model has used 7 most important independent predictors of preterm delivery and the performance of the model is relatively good. Using the variables of this study, health care workers can identify mothers at risk of preterm delivery, and take the necessary measures to protect the mothers at risk. The results of this research can initiate further studies in this field.
A Method for AI-Assisted Human Interpretation of Biological Signals: Analysis of Neonatal EEG
Authors: Gomez-Quintana Sergi , O'Shea Alison , Factor Andreea , Popovici Emanuel , Temko Andriy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study proposes a novel method to enable healthcare professionals interact and leverage AI decision support in an intuitive manner using auditory senses. The method suitability is assessed through acoustic detection of the presence of neonatal seizures in electroencephalography (EEG). Neurophysiologists use EEG recordings to visually identify seizures. However,neurophysiological expertise is expensive and not available 24/7, even in tertiary hospitals. Nurses, neonatologists, paediatricians can make frequent misdiagnosis when interpreting complex EEG signals. While artificialintelligence (AI) has been widely used to provide objective decision support for EEG analysis, AI decisionsare not always explainable. A solution is developed in this study to combine AI algorithms with a human-centric intuitive EEGinterpretation method. Specifically, EEG is converted to sound using an AI-driven attention mechanism. Using this method perceptual characteristics of seizure events can be heard and an hour of EEG can beanalysed in five seconds. A survey that has been conducted among targeted end-users on a publicly available dataset has demonstratedthat not only does it drastically reduce the burden of reviewing the EEG data, but also the obtained accuracy is on par with experiencedneurophysiologists trained to interpret neonatal EEG. It is also shown that the proposed communion of a medical professional and AIoutperforms AI alone through empowering the human with little or no experience to leverage AI attention mechanisms to enhance theperceptual characteristics of seizure events.