bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NAALA E SHUB GEER
Authors: Naeema Bibi  , Dr. Robina Parveen  , Ghazal Yaqub  
Published: August 2022

Postmodernism is modern contemporary theory. It gave birth to too many theories and ideas. One of the most important theories is feminism. This theory influenced fiction Urdu novels have also been influenced by postmodernism. That is why fiction writers have written postmodern novels. Which are different from Classical novels. The characters in these novels are also different from the traditional characters. Nowadays characters are being created in the novel that can be called postmodernism. Musharraf Aalim Zouqi is one of the greatest novelists of our time. He wrote many novels, one of the most important of these is the novel Naala e Shab Geer. The story of this novel consists of seven parts which have been given different titles. Which are as follows: Dasht-e-Khuf, Atash-e-Gul, Rig-e-Jinnu, Bahr-e-Zalamat, Wadi-e-Israr, Barish-e-Sang, and Safar-e-Akhar-e-Shab. The characters are portrayed in different ways. There is a story hidden in each title. In his novel Naala-e- shubgeer, he presents the postmodernist concepts of women. Nahid Naz is a rebellious woman who wants to live a life of her own free will. That's why she wants to keep her husband under her control, and she rules over her husband in every way, just as men rule over their wives. She asks her husband to do women's work. Sometimes she wears him a saari, sometimes she asks him to apply lipstick. One night she orders her husband to leave the house and also tortures him, therefore, she emerges as a postmodern woman. This article critically examines Naheed Naz's postmodern behaviour.
MODIFIKASI KOPI ARABIKA MENJADI BECOFFEE SCRUB UNTUK PERAWATAN TUBUH
Authors: Tiadeka Pemta , Nasyanka Anindini , Zahiriyah Arry 
Published: August 2022

Body scrub merupakan salah satu bentuk perawatan tubuh dalam keadaan tubuh basah dengan menggunakan berbagai ramuan yang bertujuan mengangkat sel kulit mati, kotoran, dan membuka pori-pori sehingga pertukaran udara bebas dan kulit menjadi lebih cerah dan putih. Dengan memakai body scrub, tubuh akan memiliki kulit yang bersih, sehat dan terawat. Berbagai macam bahan termasuk herbal telah dikembangkan sebagai bahan utama dari body scrub. Salah satu contohnya adalah kopi. Kopi arabika banyak digunakan dalam kosmetik karena sifat aktivitas biologisnya tinggi dan kemampuan menembus barrier kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan modifikasi formula body scrub berbahan baku kopi arabika sehingga terbentuk produk yang stabil, nyaman dan sehat untuk diaplikasikan pada tubuh. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu ekstraksi dan maserasi dari berbagai variasi formula konsentrasi ampas kopi 5%, 10% dan 20%. Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptis menunjukkan bahwa F1 memiliki bentuk cream, warna coklat, berbau khas kpi dan sifatnya stabil, sedangkan F2 dan F3 memiliki kriteria sama namun warna cream nya adalah coklat tua. Semua produk becoffee scrub memiliki pH 7 sehingga aman diaplikasikan di kulit. Uji hedonisme terhadap warna, aroma, tekstur dan kesan pemakaian semua produk juga memperlihatkan sebagian besar responden menyukai produk dengan F3 yaitu formula 20%. Disamping itu, uji homogenitas mengindikasikan sediaan memiliki susunan homogen dan tidak ada butiran kasar sedangkan evaluasi tipe emulsi menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan body scrub mempunyai tipe emulsi m/a. Uji daya sebar dari semua sediaan menunjukkan produk yang memiliki daya sebar yang paling besar adalah formula F1 ampas kopi 10%
KADAR GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT) PADA NELAYAN PEMINUM TUAK DAN ARAK
Authors: Putri Mardiana Prasetyani 
Published: August 2022

Tuak dan arak merupakan salah satu jenis alkohol yang dikonsumsi oleh nelayan di desa Tambakrejo. Alasan pengkonsumsian alkohol tersebut untuk menghangatkan badan, menghilangkan rasa kantuk, membuat nelayan tidak mudah lelah dan mengurangi stres jika tangkapan yang diperoleh tidak banyak. Alkohol termasuk dalam zat adiktif yang dapat menimbulkan ketagihan dan ketergantungan. Alkohol yang dikonsumsi secara terus menerus menyebabkan metabolisme alkohol dalam tubuh cepat dan merangsang peningkatan enzim mikrosomal memproduksi banyak enzim dan mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), jika kadar GGT tinggi maka ada kerusakan di dalam hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar GGT nelayan peminum alkohol di desa Tambakrejo. Metode penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Digunakan 30 sampel dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kadar Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) pada nelayan peminum tuak dan arak sebesar 25 orang (83,33%) memiliki kadar GGT normal sedangkan 5 orang (16,67%) memiliki kadar GGT rendah. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kadar GGT diperoleh nilai minimum 8 U/L, nilai maksimum 60 U/L, nilai median 18 U/L, nilai rata-rata 19,77 U/L. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan kadar Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) sebagian besar nelayan desa Tambakrejo adalah normal (83,33%).
A Study on Cultivation and Marketing of Organic and Conventional Vegetables in the Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nivethitha A. S. , Prahadeeswaran M. , Rani S. Padma , Patil S. G. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To find out the cost of cultivation, marketing costs, marketing margins, price spread, marketing efficiency and constraints faced by organic and conventional Carrot and Potato growing farmers.
Study Design: Multistage Sampling was used.
Place and Duration of Study: The Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu was chosen for the research. A primary survey was conducted to gather first-hand information related to the study.
Methodology: The costs and returns, the Acharyas-Agarwal’s method and Shepherd’s method of Marketing efficiency and the Response priority index were used in this study.
Results: The cost of cultivation of organically and conventionally grown carrot were Rs.6,28,165.24 and Rs.6,50,567.84 with B: C ratios of 3.56 and 2.15 respectively. The cost of cultivation of organically and conventionally grown potato were Rs.4,97,869.79 and Rs.5,48,894.71 with B: C ratios of 2.37 and 1.71 respectively. Organic vegetable marketing was done through producer-retailer-consumer and producer-consumer channels. For conventional vegetables, producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer and producer-retailer-consumer were the marketing channels. The Acharyas-Agarwal’s and Shepherd’s method of marketing efficiencies in channel-I and II for organic carrot were 1.97, 7.37, 13.07 and 13.07 respectively and for conventional, the marketing efficiencies in Channel – I and II of carrot were 0.98, 2.16, 1.52 and 3.47 respectively. The marketing efficiencies measured by the Acharyas-Agarwal’s and Shepherd’s method in channel I and II of organically grown potato were 1.71, 7.59, 15.97, and 15.97 respectively and for conventionally grown potato, they were 1.21, 2.36, 1.52 and 3.08 respectively. The major constraints faced by organic and conventional farming farmers were lack of awareness on certification procedures and pests and disease incidence respectively.
Conclusion: As major inputs were prepared in the field, the cost of cultivation for organically grown carrot and potato is lower than for conventionally grown carrot and potato. They have high B:C ratios since organic produce fetches a higher price than conventional produce. The B:C ratio for conventional carrot indicates higher returns than potato. The channel – II in organic and conventional marketing of carrot and potato has higher marketing efficiency because they have less intermediaries.
Evaluation of Cookies Produced from Malted Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Asouzu A. I. , Umerah N. N. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Research efforts in Tropical countries are geared towards identification of non-wheat sources that could be used as an alternative to wheat flours, thus affecting saving in foreign exchange by limiting wheat importation and at the same time proffer solution to severe malnutrition caused by gluten intolerance of wheat.
Aim/Objectives: To evaluate the nutrient, physical and organoleptic properties of cookies made from malted pigeon pea.
Methodology: The sample were coded A, B, C, for 100% wheat, 70% malted pigeon pea/30% carrot and 70% raw pigeon pea/30% carrot flour respectively were used to produce cookies. The cookies produced were evaluated for chemical, physical and organoleptic properties using standard methods.
Results: The protein content of the cookies were 10.26%, 26.10% and 21.01% for A, B and C respectively. The fat was 2.46%, 2.52% and 3.21% for A, B and C respectively. The fibre content were 1.27% A, 2.68% B and 1.31% C. The energy content was 404.60Kcal A, 390.15Kcal B and 391.82Kcal C. The mineral was 47.75-62.61mg/100g Calcium, 1.32-1.91mg/100g Iron, 1.43-20.01mg/100g Zinc and 153.78-170.17mg/100g phosphorus. The vitamin contents were 2.45-4.28 mg/100 g thiamin, 0.04-1.53 mg/100 g ascorbic acid, 400-1900RE and 0.27-3.02 mg/100 g folic acid. The result of the physical properties shows that the cookies were 3cm in thickness, 6cm in length, 4cm in diameter and the weight varies from 14-20g. The spread ratio was between 1.10-2.40 and spread factor were between 3.34-5.17cm. The organoleptic scores showed that the texture, aroma and overall acceptability of sample A was rated higher compared to sample B and C. The colour of sample C was most preferable to the panelist.
Conclusion: The study revealed that acceptable cookies of nutrient dense can be produced from pigeon pea-carrot composite to improve the nutritional status of the consumers.
Inter and Intra Row Weeders: A Review
Authors: Balas P. R. , Makavana J. M. , Mohnot P. , Jhala K. B. , Yadav R. 
Published: August 2022

One of the most important agriculture operations is to properly manage weeds. Weed management is a tedious task. If weeds aren't effectively controlled, it will negatively affect crop output, quality, and harvest costs. To grow a successful crop, weed management frequently requires significant resource inputs. Review and discussion of inter-row and intra-row mechanical weeding, two different mechanical weed control techniques. In particular, reviews and comparisons of the most popular manual inter-row mechanical weeding tools are made in accordance with their functional principles. The more challenging area of intra-row mechanical weeding is reviewed, and manually operated intra-row mechanical weed control tools are compared. Along with various cutting edge solutions for intra-row mechanical weed control discovered in industry and the research community, the state of the art in automated mechanical weeding is being explored.
Highlights:

The majority of mechanical weeders have weeding efficiency between 60 and 80 percent.
That functions at forward speeds ranging from 0.7-9.7 kmph (0.43-6.0 miles/hour) and depths between 1 and 2 cm (0.39 and.78 inch).
Automation is a natural next step for this concept since it has great potential to improve weed control efﬁcacy and minimize to desire the plant damage.
The Prevalence of Malaria in COVID-19 Patients among Blood Group Classification
Authors: Orevaoghene Onosakponome, Evelyn 
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID‐19 is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2; it is considered a global tragedy that has astounded health care systems. Since the pandemic began, identifying the characteristics that might influence risk of infection and poor disease outcomes have been of paramount interest. Malaria is still a major global health burden particularly in the sub-Saharan Africa region with about 230 million cases annually. Blood group systems are genetically inherited features whose associations with some infectious diseases have long been debated.
Aim: This observational study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of malaria in covid-19 patients based on blood group in Rivers State Isolation COVID-19 centers located in Rivers state Nigeria.
Methodology: 400 subjects participated and gave consent to be included in the study. Subjects were grouped ABO blood classification using commercially available anti-sera A, B. Microscopic method was used for the examination of malaria parasite and Giemsa staining technique.
Results: Out of the 400 samples, 327 subjects were infected with malaria parasite while 73 were uninfected. Furthermore,91 subjects were blood group A,85 subjects were blood group B,10 subjects were blood group AB and 214 subjects were blood group O. Additionally, the number of subjects infected with malaria among blood group A, AB, B and O are 71, 69, 7 and 180 respectively. Also the distribution of covid-19 among blood group A, B, AB and O is 78.02%, 81.17%, 70.00%, and 84.11% respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of malaria and COVID -19 infection based on blood A, B, AB and O appeared to be 14.28%, 9.41%, 0.00% and 16.82% respectively.
Conclusion: This study has shown that most COVID-19 patients in Rivers state COVID-19 centers have blood groups O and A and had malaria co-infection. The prevalence of malaria with COVID-19 patients based on blood group was high amongst group O patient.
Computational Study of Some Heterocyclic Compounds as Anti-corrosion Agents for Aluminum using DFT Method
Authors: Erteeb Manal Ahmed , Mahmoud Farah , Kareem Abdulsatar S. 
Published: August 2022

DFT Calculations were performed on Oxazole, Pyrazole, Imidazole, Isoxazole, Thiazole and Isothiazole as corrosion inhibitors for Al with full optimization of geometries in DFT-B3LYP/6-31 G*Level (d, P( to find a relation between the molecular structure and corrosion inhibition. The electronic properties such as the energy of the highest molecular orbital that is occupied (HOMO), the energy of lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO), the energy gap (LUMO–HOMO), quantum chemical parameters such as hardness, softness, the fraction of the electron transferred, and the electrophilicity index. In order to know the relationship of molecular structure and corrosion inhibition on surface of the quantum chemical parameters, boundary orbital's isothiazole has been found the highest anti-corrosion efficiency as compared to other.
Molecular Identification and Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates from Vegetables Salad Purchased from Fast Food Centres in Two Local Government Areas in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Christiana Ndukwe Ifeoma , Obioma Azuonwu , Enoch Amala Smart 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The importance of daily consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in our diet cannot be over emphasised. The desire to eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables have driven some people to rely already prepared vegetables salad from fast food centres to meet the need.
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify bacteria associated with vegetables salad in Port Harcourt metropolis and determine susceptibility of isolated bacteria from food centres located in the Local Government Areas.
Study Design: A total of 200 samples of already prepared vegetables salad were examined which comprises of four samples from each of five different fast food centres in each of the 10 communities in Port Harcourt metropolis.
Methodology: 10 g of vegetables salad was weighed and added to 90 ml of sterile distilled water and subsequent serial dilution was made by adding 1 ml to 9 ml of diluents up to 10-3. An aliquot of 0.1ml of last dilution was plated by spread plate technique MacConkey agar, Tryptone soy agar, Salmonella Shigella agar and mannitol soy agar in duplicate. The inoculated plates were incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hrs and examined for growth. Antibiogram of the isolates were carried out using Mueller Hinton agar. The isolates were subjected to molecular analysis for identification before susceptibility testing.
Results: The bacteria isolated from the vegetables salad were Staphylococcus aureus 114(38%), E. coli 93(31%), B. cereus 30(10%), Pseudomonas sp. 26(9%), Klebsiella sp. 12 (4%), Alcaligenes sp. 7(2%), Acinetobacter 5(2%), Lysinnibacilus 6(2%), Enterobacter sp. 4(1%) and Providencia sp. 2(1%). The resistance genes detected in the isolates were CTX-M, SHV and VanB.
Conclusion: The microbiological quality and safety of ready to eat salad sold in Port Harcourt seems to be a challenge despite the advances in technology and awareness that has been created.
Visibility of the Mandibular Canal: From Two-Dimensional Radiography to Three-Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Sharrouf Wissam , Aoun Georges 
Published: August 2022

The mandibular canal (MC), located within the mandible, carries the inferior alveolar nerve and the inferior alveolar vessels. This neurovascular bundle is at risk during mandibular surgical procedures. Therefore, an adequate preoperative evaluation of the MC could lead to safer treatment with fewer postoperative complications. The purpose of this paper was to review the most commonly used radiographic techniques in dentistry (periapical, panoramic, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)) as well as their benefits and drawbacks in terms of MC visibility and, as a result, better preoperative planning in dentistry. Although panoramic radiography and CBCT technology are useful for the MC assessment, CBCT exposes the MC image more accurately and is thus regarded as the best technique for pre-surgery radiographic planning.
Performance Evaluation of Organic and Conventional Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production in the West Region of Cameroon: An Economic Policy Review
Authors: Engwali Fon Dorothy , Ngum Neba Nancy , Chotangui Asafor Henry 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To describe the socio-economic characteristics of potato producers, compare the performance and identify production challenges of organic and conventional potato production in the West region of Cameroon.
Study Design and Methodology: The study population refers to the conventional and organic potato producers in the West region of Cameroon. Purposive and snowball sampling technique were used in this study. A total sample size of 200 respondents was identified, 148 conventional farmers and 52 organic farmers. Out of 200 farmers interviewed, 55 from Mifi division (11 organic and 44 conventional) and 145 from Menoua division (41 organic and 104 conventional).
Results: Results revealed that majority of potato producers in the West region of Cameroon are male, 70.3% conventional farmers and 88.5% organic farmers. Most farmers are married (73% conventional and 78.9% organic farmers) and practiced livestock rearing in addition to potato production. Also, most farmers (59.5% conventional farmers and 59.6% organic farmers) have secondary education as their highest level of formal education. Information on yield revealed a productivity gap and production cost between conventional and organic potato farmers with a positive mean difference of 7,102.877kg and 765,184 frs respectively, significant at 5% level in favour of conventional farmers. Similarly, results showed a gap in revenue and gross margin between the two categories of farmers with a positive mean difference of 1,233,240 frs and 465,475.4 frs respectively, significant at 5% level in favour of conventional farmers. Analysis showed that 50% of conventional farmers interviewed noted rainfall variation as the main challenge faced in production while 80% of organic farmers have low seed quality as the main challenge.
Conclusion: Conventional potato farmers are better off than organic potato farmers in terms of yield and gross margins, thus bringing to limelight the question concerning the popular push of organic foods consumption as regard potato.
Variable Presentation of Foreign Body Aspiration in Children: Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Mengal Naseem , Brohi Ali Raza , Siyal Ali Akbar , Tabassum Rafia , Khaskheli Saleh , Shah Masoom Ali 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of common clinical presentations in children with foreign body aspiration.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was done during the period of March, 2017 to Feb, 2018 A total of 84 children with history of foreign body aspiration were included. The data was entered in the proforma which includes history and the common presentation. The study was approved by ethical review board of PUMHSW. Written informed consent was taken from parents/guardian of all participants.
Results: The average age of the children was 3.2±1.69 years. There were 52(61.9%) male and 32(38.1%) were female. Frequency of common clinical presentation was repeated attacks of cough 64.3%, respiratory distress 64.3% followed by sudden onset of choking 54.8%, non-responsive to treatment 34.5%, cyanosis 11.9% and with decrease air way breath sound in right and left as well as bilateral lung was 44%, 23.8% and 16.7& respectively. 46.4% had right, 22.6% left and 25% bilateral hyperinflation similarly 17.95 right, 15.5% left lung were collapse.
Conclusion: Beetle nut as foreign body inhalation is more common in children. Repeated attacks of cough, respiratory distress, and chocking are the commonest symptoms. FBA should be kept in differential diagnosis of persistent cough in children.
Recent Advances in the Discovery of Therapeutics to Curtail Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Smith Alyssa A. , Moore Kendall B. E. , Ambs Patrick M. , Saraswati Akella Prasanth , Fortin Jessica S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn humans with type 2 diabetes, at least 70% of patients exhibit islet amyloid plaques formed by misfolding islet amyloid polypeptides (IAPP). The oligomeric conformation and accumulation of the IAPP plaques lead to a panoply of cytotoxic effects on the islet β‐cells. Currently, no marketed therapies for the prevention or elimination of these amyloid deposits exist, and therefore significant efforts are required to address this gap. To date, most of the experimental treatments are limited to only in vitro stages of testing. In general, the proposed therapeutics use various targeting strategies, such as binding to the N‐terminal region of islet amyloid polypeptide on residues 1–19 or the hydrophobic region of IAPP. Other strategies include targeting the peptide self‐assembly through π‐stacking. These methods are realized by using several different families of compounds, four of which are highlighted in this review: naturally occurring products, small molecules, organometallic compounds, and nanoparticles. Each of these categories holds immense potential to optimize and develop inhibitor(s) of pancreatic amyloidosis in the near future.
Natural Polymer‐Derived Bioscaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Hui , Guo Jiahui , Wang Yu , Shang Luoran , Chai Renjie , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, artificial nerve scaffolds have become a promising substitute for peripheral nerve repair. Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the therapeutic effectiveness of artificial scaffolds. Among numerous biomaterials for tissue engineering scaffolds fabrication, natural polymers are considered as tremendous candidates because of their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, high cell affinity, wide source, and environmental protection. With the development of engineering technology, a variety of natural polymer‐derived nerve scaffolds have emerged, which are endowed with biological properties and appropriate physicochemical performances to gradually adapt to the needs of nerve regeneration. Significantly, the intergradation of exogenous biomolecules onto the artificial scaffolds is able to avoid low stability, rapid degradation, and redistribution of direct therapeutic drugs in vivo, thereby enhancing nerve regeneration and functional reconstruction. Here, the development of nerve scaffolds derived from natural polymers, and their applications in continuous administration and peripheral nerve regeneration are comprehensively and carefully reviewed, providing an advanced perspective of the field.