bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential over time After Implantation and Subsequent Deafening in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Ramekers Dyan , Benav Heval , Klis Sjaak F. L. , Versnel Huib 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) is a direct measure of the responsiveness of the auditory nerve to electrical stimulation from a cochlear implant (CI). CIs offer a unique opportunity to study the auditory nerve’s electrophysiological behavior in individual human subjects over time. In order to understand exactly how the eCAP relates to the condition of the auditory nerve, it is crucial to compare changes in the eCAP over time in a controlled model of deafness-induced auditory nerve degeneration. In the present study, 10 normal-hearing young adult guinea pigs were implanted and deafened 4 weeks later, so that the effect of deafening could be monitored within-subject over time. Following implantation, but before deafening, most examined eCAP characteristics significantly changed, suggesting increasing excitation efficacy (e.g., higher maximum amplitude, lower threshold, shorter latency). Conversely, inter-phase gap (IPG) effects on these measures – within-subject difference measures that have been shown to correlate well with auditory nerve survival – did not vary for most eCAP characteristics. After deafening, we observed an initial increase in excitability (steeper slope of the eCAP amplitude growth function (AGF), lower threshold, shorter latency and peak width) which typically returned to normal-hearing levels within a week, after which a slower process, probably reflecting spiral ganglion cell loss, took place over the remaining 6 weeks (e.g., decrease in maximum amplitude, AGF slope, peak area, and IPG effect for AGF slope; increase in IPG effect for latency). Our results suggest that gradual changes in peak width and latency reflect the rate of neural degeneration, while peak area, maximum amplitude, and AGF slope reflect neural population size, which may be valuable for clinical diagnostics.
Analytical enclosure of the set of solutions of the three-species multivariate curve resolution problem
Authors: Andersons Tomass , Sawall Mathias , Neymeyr Klaus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 1985 Borgen and Kowalski published a geometry-based mathematical approach in order to determine the set of feasible solutions of the multivariate curve resolution problem for chemical systems with three species. Twenty years later Rajkó and István devised an algorithm for the analytical derivation of the feasible regions. They showed that the precise boundary of the solution set is piecewise representable in terms of analytical expressions for the boundary curve. This paper generalizes the approach for finding analytical boundary curves by means of duality arguments, provides the precise functional form of the curves in detail, shows how to determine the contact change values and suggests improved analytical expressions which can numerically be evaluated in a stable way. Additionally, it offers detailed instructions for an algorithmic solution and provides the underlying analysis. A program code is presented which generates a piecewise functional representation of the boundary curve.
Review of human—robot coordination control for rehabilitation based on motor function evaluation
Authors: Shi Di , Wang Liduan , Zhang Yanqiu , Zhang Wuxiang , Xiao Hang , Ding Xilun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a wearable and intelligent system, a lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot can provide auxiliary rehabilitation training for patients with lower limb walking impairment/loss and address the existing problem of insufficient medical resources. One of the main elements of such a human—robot coupling system is a control system to ensure human—robot coordination. This review aims to summarise the development of human—robot coordination control and the associated research achievements and provide insight into the research challenges in promoting innovative design in such control systems. The patients’ functional disorders and clinical rehabilitation needs regarding lower limbs are analysed in detail, forming the basis for the human—robot coordination of lower limb rehabilitation robots. Then, human—robot coordination is discussed in terms of three aspects: modelling, perception and control. Based on the reviewed research, the demand for robotic rehabilitation, modelling for human—robot coupling systems with new structures and assessment methods with different etiologies based on multi-mode sensors are discussed in detail, suggesting development directions of human—robot coordination and providing a reference for relevant research.
„Evaluative Diskriminierung“: Arbeitsbewertung als blinder Fleck in der Analyse des Gender Pay Gaps
Authors: Klammer Ute , Klenner Christina , Lillemeier Sarah , Heilmann Tom 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungFrauen verdienen in Deutschland durchschnittlich 18 % weniger pro Stunde als Männer. Vertikale und horizontale Segregationslinien, Unterschiede im Beschäftigungsumfang sowie in den Erwerbsverläufen von Frauen und Männern sind als Erklärungsfaktoren dafür statistisch identifiziert worden. Bislang ist jedoch unklar, welche Bedeutung die Arbeitsbewertung für den Gender Pay Gap hat und welche Rolle evaluative Diskriminierungen in der Verdienststruktur spielen. Die in diesem Artikel vorgestellten Analysen bieten erstmals eine statistische Grundlage zur Überprüfung der Annahmen der Devaluationshypothese. Danach wird angenommen, dass die beruflichen Anforderungen und Belastungen von Frauen geringer bewertet und somit auch geringer entlohnt werden als die von Männern und somit eine geschlechterdifferente Arbeitsbewertung den Gender Pay Gap mitverursacht. Die dargestellten statistischen Ergebnisse belegen unter Anwendung des neu entwickelten Comparable Worth Index die Relevanz solcher evaluativen Diskriminierungen und zeigen, dass die geringere Bewertung und Bezahlung weiblicher gegenüber männlicher Erwerbsarbeit auch unter Kontrolle weiterer verdienstrelevanter Faktoren zentral zum Gender Pay Gap beitragen.
Jumping on the Bandwagon: The Role of Voters’ Social Class in Poll Effects in the Context of the 2021 German Federal Election
Authors: Unkelbach Fabienne , John Melvin , Vogel Vera 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPublished findings of opinion polls are an important part of the political coverage before elections. Thus, researchers have long investigated whether the perceived popularity of political parties can lead to even more voters following this majority. However, empirical findings on this so-called political bandwagon effect are mixed. In the present paper, we integrate theories from political science and social psychology to explain these inconsistencies through social class as a potential moderating variable. Based on previous findings regarding consumer decisions, we hypothesized that bandwagon effects are greater among voters with lower social class. To investigate this hypothesis, we combined data from the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) Rolling Cross-Section 2021, which was collected over the 55 days before the 2021 German federal election, with the results of published preelection polls. Using separate multilevel models for each of the parties, we found no evidence for bandwagon effects. Only for the Social Democratic Party were poll results related to voting intentions assessed on the following day, suggesting that polls might have contributed to the party’s electoral success. However, there was no evidence for a moderation of bandwagon effects by voters’ social class. Accordingly, we could not resolve the mixed findings in this field of research. Our results point to important open questions in research on bandwagon effects in multiparty systems as well as on effects of social class in Germany.
Leveraging the potential of wild food for healthy, sustainable, and equitable local food systems: learning from a transformation lab in the Western Cape region
Authors: Pereira Laura M. , Kushitor Sandra Boatemaa , Cramer Carolyn , Drimie Scott , Isaacs Moenieba , Malgas Rhoda , Phiri Ethel , Tembo Chimwemwe , Willis Jenny 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFood insecurity and diet-related diseases do not only have detrimental effects to human health, but are also underpinned by food systems that are environmentally unsustainable and culturally disconnected. Ensuring access to a healthy, affordable, and sustainable diet is one of the greatest challenges facing many low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. These challenges in accessing a diverse diet often persist despite biocultural richness. For example, South Africa is globally recognised for its rich biodiversity, an ecologically unrivalled coastline, and a rich body of traditional knowledge amongst wild-food users. In this paper, we explore the potential that coastal wild foods as neglected and underutilised species (NUS) can play in local food systems in South Africa’s Western Cape Province. Following a previously established transformation lab (T-Lab) method, here we report the observations and outcomes emerging from a two-day workshop held in May 2019 with a group of 40 actors involved in the local food system in diverse ways. Farmers, small-scale fishers, indigenous knowledge holders, representatives from non-profit organisations, chefs, bartenders, academics, activists, conservationists, and government officials were brought together with the aim of strengthening an emerging coalition of coastal wild food actors. Findings highlighted the existence of a fledgling economy for coastal wild foods, driven by high-end chefs. The T-Lab was essentially a tool of knowledge co-production around food system transformation and helped to surface deeply embedded issues on land, race, history, and culture that warrant engagement if a better food system is to emerge. In a country that is drought prone and vulnerable to climate change, a more resilient and sustainable food system is a necessity. But defining alternative governance systems to shift towards a healthier, more sustainable, and more equitable food system will require concerted effort across all stakeholders.
A comparison of physical disturbance and pollution stressors in sandy beaches using nematode functional biological traits
Authors: Mitwally Hanan M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNematode functional traits and community structure approaches are receiving attention and being debated regarding the similarity in gained information. This work applied two nematode methods (i.e. functional traits, community structure) and sex ratios to investigate sandy beaches experiencing physical disturbances and anthropogenic stressors along the Alexandrian coast of Egypt. It is the first study to identify the Egyptian marine benthic nematodes to genus level yielding fourteen genera. This study addressed the following questions. (A) Which analyses of functional traits, community structure, or sex ratio could distinguish beaches experiencing natural disturbances from anthropogenic stressors? (B) What are the driving forces that govern nematode assemblages? Designated beaches were high pollution and energy (HPHE), high pollution but low energy (HPLE), and clean high energy (CHE). The study was conducted in March 2014, applying a stratified random sampling design and advanced multivariate analyses. Results revealed significant discrimination among and within beaches based on functional traits, community structure, and sex ratio. The functional traits (FBM) grouped data into two main groupings, predators and scavengers. Predators and cylindrical shape-tail types were found in high salinity moderately-sorted fine-grained sand dominant at HPHE and CHE. Scavengers and a variety of tail-shape types inhabited low saline water with well-sorted coarse sediment at HPLE. The community structure (CSM) revealed three groupings, as each beach had a specific assemblage based on its response to the measured physiochemical factors (salinity, pH, and temperature). Three genera were responsible for the high contribution across each beach Graphonema sp (HPHE), Enoplolaimus sp. (HPLE), and Oncholaimus sp. (CHE), as well as the co-sharing of Axnolaimus sp at HPLE. However, Axnolaimus sp and Oncholaimus sp showed the highest dissimilarity among beaches. The contribution of the measured factors was 53.8% (FBM) and 35.7% (CSM). Trophic guilds were anthropogenic stressors dependent and tail-shape type physically disturbing-related. However, nematode genera were species-specific to habitat type. The sex ratio was male-biased, and Juvenile-stages seemed to be temperature-dependent. The dissimilarity in the functional trait and community structure data recommend their application in biomonitoring and coastal restoration programs.
Ending the Energy-Poverty Nexus: An Ethical Imperative for Just Transitions
Authors: Biswas Saurabh , Echevarria Angel , Irshad Nafeesa , Rivera-Matos Yiamar , Richter Jennifer , Chhetri Nalini , Parmentier Mary Jane , Miller Clark A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArguments for a just transition are integral to debates about climate change and the drive to create a carbon-neutral economy. There are currently two broad approaches rooted in ethics and justice for framing just energy transitions. The first can be described as internal to the transition and emphasizes the anticipation, assessment, and redressing of harms created by the transition itself and the inclusion in transition governance of groups or communities potentially harmed by its disruptions. In this article, we propose a second approach to ethics and justice in an energy transition, which we describe as systemic or societal in scope. This approach complements attention to the proximate dynamics and impacts of the transition process with a focus on the distant societal and economic outcomes the transition brings into being and how they compare to conditions prior to the transition. It poses the question: do the transformative social, economic, and technological changes wrought by energy systems create more just societies and economies, or do they instead reinforce or recreate long-standing injustices and inequalities? We illustrate this approach with an assessment of one of the most significant existing forms of energy injustice: the energy-poverty nexus. We argue that the energy-poverty nexus reflects configurations of socio-energy systems that create complex, extractive feedbacks between energy insecurity and economic insecurity and, over time, reinforce or exacerbate poverty. We further argue that just energy transitions should work to disentangle these configurations and re-design them so as to create generative rather than extractive feedbacks, thus ending the energy-poverty nexus and creating long-term outcomes that are more just, equitable, and fair.
Emotion regulation among Chinese and German children and adolescents: a binational comparative study
Authors: Teuber Ziwen , Schreiber Sophia , Rueth Jana-Elisa , Lohaus Arnold 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmotion regulation has been a central research topic in developmental psychology and psychopathology for several decades. Habitual use of adaptive (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) or maladaptive strategies (e.g., expressive suppression) may influence psychosocial adjustment in children and adolescents. Despite consensus on the influence of culture on emotion regulation, little is known about cultural differences in emotion regulation in children and adolescents. In this study, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) was used and tested for its measurement invariance between Chinese and German children and adolescents. Cultural similarities and differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were examined, as well as the associations of these strategies with behavior problems and prosocial behavior. The sample consisted of 765 Chinese and 431 German students (Mage = 12.46 years, SD = 1.12). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed partial scalar measurement invariance of the ERQ-CA. A latent mean comparison showed more frequent use of both strategies in Chinese compared to German students. The results of the multi-group structural equation model showed similar patterns of relationships between emotion regulation strategies and youth behavior across groups. Cognitive reappraisal was associated with fewer behavior problems and more prosocial behavior, whereas expressive suppression was related to more behavior problems. In summary, the current findings indicate that the ERQ-CA allows comparisons of emotion regulation between Chinese and German children and adolescents. Furthermore, the relevance of the cultural context for emotion regulation and the promotion of adaptive regulation strategies is highlighted.
Fast Sensitive and Accurate Analysis of the Most Common Synthetic Food Colorants in 65 Egyptian Commercial Products Using New HPLC–DAD and UPLC-ESI–MS/MS Methods
Authors: Hameed Eman A. Abdel , Abd-ElHamid Ghada H. , El-Darder Omayma M. , Ibrahim Amany K. , Salam Randa A. Abdel , Hadad Ghada M. , Abdelshakour Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOverexposure to food colorants above the allowed daily intake (ADI) level can provoke hyperactivity and other disturbed behaviors especially in children. Two new methods were developed to separate five synthetic colorants, which were Tartrazine (E102), Sunset Yellow (E110), Allura Red (E129), Carmoisine (E122), and Brilliant Blue (E133). They are labeled on a large variety of commercial food products in the Egyptian market without mentioning their definite concentrations. Therefore, there was a real need to determine these colorants with simple, accurate, and fast methods. This is the first study to determine these colorants in a wide variety of food products present in the Egyptian market. The HPLC approach with photodiode array detection was developed to quantify these colorants, on a C18 column, with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water containing 1% ammonium acetate (pH 6.8), separation was carried out using a gradient program. The colorants were eluted and efficiently separated within 9 min. Then, as a complementary technique to HPLC, the UPLC-ESI–MS/MS approach was developed for identification and accurate mass measurement of the colorants found in high concentrations, the colorants were obtained simultaneously in negative mode, the run time was only 3 min. These developed methods were validated according to ICH recommendations and they were applied to analyze 65 food products including jelly powder, puddings, ice cream powders, concentrated soft drink powders, carbonated drinks, chewing gums, and sugar confectionery.
α-Aminoadipic acid metabolism is controlled by the glutathione-dependent redox environment in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gulyás Zsolt , Simon-Sarkadi Lívia , Moncsek Blanka , Pál Magda , Kocsy Gábor 
Published: August 2022

Abstractα-Aminoadipic acid (Aaa) is an intermediate product in the Lys catabolism, on the saccharopine pathway. Since Lys content was increased by various abiotic stress factors affecting the redox environment, a glutathione-dependent redox regulation of the Aaa metabolism was assumed which was not tested earlier. The effect of the modified size and redox state of glutathione pool (reduced + oxidised, GSH + GSSG) on the Aaa content and related amino acid and transcript levels was compared in the wild-type Col-0 plants and the GSH-deficient pad2-1 Arabidopsis mutant with and without (control) treatment. Modification of the size and redox state of glutathione pool resulted in the alteration of Lys, Glu, Pro and Aaa contents and the transcription of the three investigated genes of the saccharopine pathway. Both the Aaa content and the expression of the two genes encoding enzymes of its synthesis (ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase, LKR/SDH; aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, AASADH) was lower in the pad2-1 mutant, and these parameters, together with the GSSG content, were increased by GSH treatment both in Col-0 and mutant plants. The GSSG content and its ratio in the glutathione pool exhibited a positive correlation with the Aaa content and the transcription of the two genes of its synthesis and the Aaa catabolic gene (dihydrolipoamide-succinyltransferase), which indicates a GSH-dependent control of Aaa metabolism. This latter process in turn can affect the redox environment and stress response because of the NADPH use/formation in its several steps.
Rigid—flexible hybrid surfaces for water-repelling and abrasion-resisting
Authors: Hu Songtao , Huang Weifeng , Li Jinbang , Reddyhoff Tom , Cao Xiaobao , Shi Xi , Peng Zhike , Demello Andrew , Dini Daniele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDroplets impacting solid superhydrophobic surfaces is appealing not only because of scientific interests but also for technological applications such as water-repelling. Recent studies have designed artificial surfaces in a rigid—flexible hybrid mode to combine asymmetric redistribution and structural oscillation water-repelling principles, resolving strict impacting positioning; however, this is limited by weak mechanical durability. Here we propose a rigid—flexible hybrid surface (RFS) design as a matrix of concave flexible trampolines barred by convex rigid stripes. Such a surface exhibits a 20.1% contact time reduction via the structural oscillation of flexible trampolines, and even to break through the theoretical inertial-capillary limit via the asymmetric redistribution induced by rigid stripes. Moreover, the surface is shown to retain the above water-repelling after 1,000 abrasion cycles against oilstones under a normal load as high as 0.2 N·mm−1. This is the first demonstration of RFSs for synchronous waterproof and wearproof, approaching real-world applications of liquid-repelling.
Low friction of superslippery and superlubricity: A review
Authors: Zheng Zijian , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin , Luo Jianbin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe issues regarding energy dissipation and component damage caused by the interface friction between a friction pair attract enormous attention to friction reduction. The key-enabling technique to realize friction reduction is the use of lubricants. The lubricants smooth the contact interfaces, achieving an ultralow friction contact, which is called superslippery or superlubricity. At present, superslippery and superlubricity are two isolated research topics. There is a lack of unified definition on superslippery and superlubricity from the viewpoint of tribology. Herein, this review aims at exploring the differences and relations between superslippery and superlubricity from their origin and application scenarios. Meanwhile, the challenges for developing superslippery surface and superlubricity surface are discussed. In addition, perspectives on the interactive development of these two surfaces are presented. We hope that our discussion can provide guidance for designing superslippery or superlubricity surfaces by using varies drag-reduction technologies.