bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the definition of noise
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Jiang Shan , Kang Jian , Wu Yue , Yang Da , Meng Qi , Wang Chaowei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUrbanization has exposed people to extreme sound levels. Although researchers have investigated the ability of people to listen, analyze, and distinguish sound, the concept of noise has not been clearly articulated from a human perspective. The lack of knowledge on how people perceive noise limits our capacity to control it in a targeted manner. This study aimed to interpret the definition of noise from the public perspective based on a grounded theory approach. Seventy-eight participants were interviewed about noise, and four categories of perceived understanding of noise were identified: challenges, definitions of noise, opportunities, and action. As one of the challenges, urbanization is associated with increased noise levels around the human environment. In terms of definition, perceiving sound as noise is considered to be a result of the complex and dynamic process that includes sound, the environment, and humans. Sound and humans interact with the environment. In terms of opportunities, noise may have positive roles on certain occasions, dispelling the misconception that noise is exclusively negative. In addition, we found that noise perception has gradually shifted from noise control to noise utilization. In terms of action, noise can be controlled at the sound sources, susceptible target groups, susceptible behaviors and states, locations, and times where noise is perceived with high frequency. In this study, we investigated several aspects of noise, ranging from noise control, soundscape definition, and ‘soundscape indices’ (SSID) integration and application. Our findings provide an additional basis for developing better definitions, control, and utilization strategies of noise in the future, thereby improving the quality of the sound environment.
Cobalt as a promising dopant for producing semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 crystals: Charge state transition levels from experiment and theory
Authors: Seyidov Palvan , Varley Joel B. , Galazka Zbigniew , Chou Ta-Shun , Popp Andreas , Fiedler Andreas , Irmscher Klaus 
Published: November 2022

Optical absorption and photoconductivity measurements of Co-doped β-Ga2O3 crystals reveal the photon energies of optically excited charge transfer between the Co related deep levels and the conduction or valence band. The corresponding photoionization cross sections are fitted by a phenomenological model considering electron–phonon coupling. The obtained fitting parameters: thermal ionization (zero-phonon transition) energy, Franck–Condon shift, and effective phonon energy are compared with corresponding values predicted by first principle calculations based on density functional theory. A (+/0) donor level ∼0.85 eV above the valence band maximum and a (0/−) acceptor level ∼2.1 eV below the conduction band minimum are consistently derived. Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity measurement at elevated temperatures (up to 1000 K) yields a thermal activation energy of 2.1 ± 0.1 eV, consistent with the position of the Co acceptor level. Furthermore, the results show that Co doping is promising for producing semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 crystals.
Swollen cubic phases with reduced hardness solubilizing a model fragrance oil as a co-surfactant
Authors: Tchakalova Vera , Zemb Thomas , Testard Fabienne 
Published: November 2022

Swollen cubic lyotropic ternary phases with Pn3m symmetry and reduced hardness were obtained from a specific binary mixture of cubic phase-forming (phytantriol) and lamellar phase-forming (decaglycerol monooleate) compounds. The microstructures were determined by using a small-angle x-ray scattering technique. The softness and temperature-induced phase transitions were investigated by means of rheology. The incorporation of a surface-active fragrance compound (linalool) at concentrations up to 6 wt. % induced a structural transition toward a softer Im3m bulk cubic phase with longer water channels. Higher linalool concentrations allowed for the spontaneous dispersion of the bulk cubic phase into microscopic particles with a cubic structure (cubosomes).
An ultra-fast liquid switch for terahertz radiation
Authors: Buchmann Adrian , Hoberg Claudius , Novelli Fabio 
Published: November 2022

Ultra-fast switches are essential devices for basic research and technological development. Here, we demonstrate that aqueous solutions of sodium iodide can be used for this purpose. When pumped with an intense optical pulse at 400 nm, these water-based liquids display large and fast responses in the terahertz range, around 1 THz. In a 9M NaI solution at a temperature comprised between 10 and 50 °C, the relative variation of the terahertz peak transmission drops by 20% at the pump–probe overlap and recovers with a fast time constant of ∼70 fs. As the optical properties of the liquid vary on a timescale shorter than the terahertz cycle, it is possible to tailor the shape of the transmitted terahertz fields. In this way, we demonstrate the frequency upshifting of terahertz radiation from about 1 to 3 THz and beyond with an efficiency of 4%.
Vestibular evoked potential response in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hamed Sherifa Ahmed , Fahim Dalia Fahim Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Vestibular system is critical for maintaining balance. This study aimed to determine the function of the saccule of the otolith organ in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and its independently associated demographic, clinical and laboratory variables.

Method
This case-control cross-sectional study included 60 patients (male = 15; female = 45) and 30 healthy adults. They underwent cVEMP.

Results
Patients had mean age of 30.63 ± 4.20 years and duration of illness of 14.68 ± 3.65 years. More than 50% had frequent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 30% had frequent hypoglycaemic attack, 35% had comorbid hyperlipidaemia, and 40% had peripheral neuropathy. Dizziness was reported in 30%. Compared to controls, 40% of patients had significantly delayed absolute latencies of P1 and N1 (p = 0.01) either unilateral or bilateral and 80% had reduced P1-N1 amplitudes (p = 0.001). Higher frequencies of abnormalities were present bilaterally. Asymmetry ratio (AR) was reported in 25%. Patients with longer duration of diabetes (>5 year), dizziness, HbA1c (>7%), frequent DKA or hypoglycaemic attacks and peripheral neuropathy had significantly prolonged P1 and N1 latencies and reduced P1-N1 amplitudes compared to those with shorter duration of diabetes, without dizziness, with HbA1c% ≤7%, low frequency of DKA hypoglycaemic attacks and those without peripheral neuropathy. Multiple regression analysis showed that presence of delayed P1 latencies and reduced P1-N1 amplitudes were significantly correlated with duration of diabetes > 5 years [OR = 3.60 (95%CI = 1.80–6.44), p = 0.01; OR = 4.56 (95%CI = 2.80–7.80), p = 0.01] and HbA1c levels >7% [OR = 5.26(95%CI = 3.83–8.05), p = 0.001; OR = 4.55(95%CI = 2.45–8.55), p = 0.001].

Conclusion
The dysfunctions of the saccule of otolith organ and/or its pathway are prevalent in adults with T1D and correlated with duration and severity of diabetes. Therefore, optimal control of glycemic control is essential.
Revisiting the photonic orbital Hall effect with the vortex mode decomposition
Authors: Mei Wang , Tan Yawei , Zhang Zan , Cheng Jiahao , Cao Yong , Ling Xiaohui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The photonic orbital Hall effect (POHE) refers to the vortex-dependent beam shifts, which is generally believed to result from the conversion of intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM) to extrinsic orbital angular momentum (EOAM). However, the physical mechanism of the POHE, such as how the IOAM is converted to the EOAM, remains further elucidation. In this paper, we re-examine the POHE of a vortex beam with additional IOAM illuminating at an optically thin slab by means of vortex mode decomposition. By considering the competition and coupling between the radial and azimuthal vortex harmonics of the abnormal mode in the transmitted beam, it is found that the underlying mechanism of the POHE is in fact a spin-to-orbital angular momentum (OAM) conversion process. And the IOAM carried by the incident beam is directly superimposed on the OAM obtained during the conversion. Our findings not only offer an alternative perspective for understanding the POHE, but also exhibit application potential in orbit–orbit and spin–orbit optical components.
Anisotropic magneto-optical transport properties in black phosphorus induced by in-plane magnetic field
Authors: Wu Ping , Shi Zhen-Gang , Chen Xiongwen , Zhou Xiaoying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the Landau levels and magneto-optical properties of bulk black phosphorus (BP) subjected to an in-plane magnetic field along the armchair direction based on an effective

k
⋅
p

Hamiltonian. We analytically obtain the Landau levels by the perturbation method, which agrees well with the results of numerical diagonalization. By using the Kubo formula, we find the magneto-optical transition selection rules and conductance spectra for inter-band transitions are highly anisotropic. In particular, for linearly polarized light along the armchair direction, the magneto-optical transition selection rule is

Δ
n

= 0, where n is the Landau level index. However, for linearly polarized light along the zigzag and stacking direction, the magneto-optical transition selection rules become

Δ
n

= ±1. The magneto-optical conductance excited by linearly polarized light along the armchair direction is two order of magnitude larger than those excited by linearly polarized light along the zigzag and stacking direction because the inter-band coupling only exists in the armchair direction. Our results are useful to detect the band parameters of BP and design magnetically controlled optical devices based on it.
Three-dimensional defects detection of high-voltage cable joint based on iterative residual fitting
Authors: Zheng Zhihao , Bian Jiayin , Gao Yuqun , He Shuqi , Liu Wanzhong , Song Tao , Liu Guihua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the three-dimensional (3D) defects detection of high-voltage cables joint, a method based on iterative residual fitting is proposed. The 3D point cloud data was obtained by reconstructing the laser line projected onto the surface of the high-voltage cable joint. In order to remove noise generated by reconstruction which is located above or below the curve, a simple and effective strategy that the noise can be filtered by the gradient change in the neighborhood is adopted. Then a continuous iterative residual fitting method is proposed to effectively reduce the interference of the defect area on the curve fitting accuracy, thereby obtaining the accurate equation expression of the cable surface curve. By comparing the residual value of the high-voltage cable surface points relative to the fitting curve, the points of the defect area are marked. Finally 3D defect area is extracted through segmentation and clustering. Experiments have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method on artificial standard size defects and real manual ground defects. The absolute error of the depth (height) of artificial standard size defects is less than 0.05 mm. Compared with the traditional cylindrical fitting method, it can be seen that the recognition rate of the proposed method for manually ground defects of high-voltage cable joint is much higher than that of cylinder fitting method.
Multilayer interface tracking model of pure tungsten oxidation
Authors: Huang Shu , Kerr Ryan , Murphy Samuel , Gilbert Mark R , Marian Jaime 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a numerical model to predict oxide scale growth on tungsten surfaces under exposure to oxygen at high temperatures. The model captures the formation of four thermodynamically-compatible oxide sublayers, WO2, WO2.72, WO2.9, and WO3, on top of the metal substrate. Oxide layer growth is simulated by tracking the oxide/oxide and oxide/metal interfaces using a sharp-interface Stefan model coupled to diffusion kinetics. The model is parameterized using selected experimental measurements and electronic structure calculations of the diffusivities of all the oxide subphases involved. We simulate oxide growth at temperatures of 600∘C and above, extracting the power law growth exponents in each case, which we find to deviate from classical parabolic growth in several cases. We conduct a comparison of the model predictions with an extensive experimental data set, with reasonable agreement at most temperatures. While many gaps in our understanding still exist, this work is a first attempt at embedding the thermodynamic and kinetic complexity of tungsten oxide growth into a comprehensive mesoscale kinetic model that attempts to capture the essential features of tungsten oxidation to fill existing knowledge gaps and guide and enhance future tungsten oxidation models.
Unidirectional Rashba spin splitting in single layer WS2(1−x)Se2x alloy
Authors: Zribi Jihene , Pierucci Debora , Bisti Federico , Zheng Biyuan , Avila José , Khalil Lama , Ernandes Cyrine , Chaste Julien , Oehler Fabrice , Pala Marco , Maroutian Thomas , Hermes Ilka , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Pan Anlian , Ouerghi Abdelkarim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable attention due to their tunable band gap, intriguing spin-valley physics, piezoelectric effects and potential device applications. Here we study the electronic properties of a single layer WS1.4Se0.6 alloys. The electronic structure of this alloy, explored using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, shows a clear valence band structure anisotropy characterized by two paraboloids shifted in one direction of the k-space by a constant in-plane vector. This band splitting is a signature of a unidirectional Rashba spin splitting with a related giant Rashba parameter of 2.8 ± 0.7 eV Å. The combination of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy with piezo force microscopy highlights the link between this giant unidirectional Rashba spin splitting and an in-plane polarization present in the alloy. These peculiar anisotropic properties of the WS1.4Se0.6 alloy can be related to local atomic orders induced during the growth process due the different size and electronegativity between S and Se atoms. This distorted crystal structure combined to the observed macroscopic tensile strain, as evidenced by photoluminescence, displays electric dipoles with a strong in-plane component, as shown by piezoelectric microscopy. The interplay between semiconducting properties, in-plane spontaneous polarization and giant out-of-plane Rashba spin-splitting in this 2D material has potential for a wide range of applications in next-generation electronics, piezotronics and spintronics devices.
Current density-induced emergence of soft and hard magnetic phases in Fe nanowire arrays
Authors: Noori Farzaneh , Almasi Kashi Mohammad , Montazer Amir H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The capability of generating magnetically soft and hard phases in a material is important in many aspects, ranging from basic science to applications. Here, the emergence of soft and hard magnetic phases is reported in Fe nanowire (NW) arrays with a diameter of 35 nm fabricated by using a pulsed electrochemical deposition method in porous aluminum oxide templates under different current density (C

d
) values in the range of 25–100 mA cm−2. The variation of C

d
influences the grain size, crystallinity, electrodeposition efficiency and length of the Fe NWs, as characterized by x-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Increasing C

d
from 25 to 80 mA cm−2 results in a significant decrease in coercivity and squareness from 1590 to 900 Oe and 0.9 to 0.5, respectively, inducing the soft and hard phases along the length of Fe NWs. Further increasing the C

d
leads to the separation of the phases, as evidenced by first-order reversal curve analysis. From a theoretical aspect, the emergence of the soft phase may lead to the occurrence of the fanning reversal mode in the NWs, for which there is no precedent in previous experimental investigations.
New insights into the lightning discharge processes
Authors: Rakov V A , Tran M D , Zhu Y , Ding Z , Leal A F R , Kereszy I , Chen S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This review covers selected results of recent observations of lightning discharges performed across the entire electromagnetic spectrum (radiofrequency, optical, and energetic radiation) at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida. The most important results include (a) characterization of the preliminary-breakdown, stepped-leader, and return-stroke processes in high-intensity (⩾50 kA) negative lightning discharges, (b) the first high-speed video images of bidirectional leader that made contact with the ground and produced a return stroke, (c) discovery of negative stepped leader branches colliding with the lateral surface of neighboring branches of the same leader, (d) new data on the occurrence context and properties of compact intracloud discharges, and (e) observation of a terrestrial gamma-ray flash that occurred during a bipolar cloud-to-ground lightning discharge. The results serve to improve our understanding of the physics of lightning with important implications for lightning modeling, lightning protection, and high-energy atmospheric physics studies.
Surface resistance effects of medium temperature baking of buffered chemical polished 1.3 GHz nine-cell large-grain cavities
Authors: Yang Zhitao , Hao Jiankui , Quan Shengwen , Lin Lin , Wang Fang , Jiao Fei , Liu Hantian , Yao Zeqin , Ren Manqian , Liu Kexin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Three 1.3 GHz nine-cell large-grain superconducting niobium cavities were investigated with medium-temperature baking, using buffered chemical polishing to remove the impurity profiles from previous heat treatments. The average intrinsic quality factor in 2 K vertical tests of the cavities was 2.7 × 1010 at 16 MV m−1 with maximum accelerating gradients of 20–22 MV m−1. These promising values confirmed the effectiveness of an improved medium-temperature baking recipe for niobium cavities, beneficial for superconducting radiofrequency applications. Furthermore, resistance analysis demonstrated that medium-temperature baking reduced both the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) resistance and the residual resistance of the cavities. Impurity analysis on niobium samples provided some proof that the reduction in BCS resistance was due to the shortened electron mean free path while the reduction in residual resistance was probably associated with mitigation of the increase in interstitial impurity atoms.
Singularity formation in asymptotically safe cosmology with inhomogeneous equation of state
Authors: Trivedi Oem , Khlopov Maxim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Interest in cosmological singularities has remarkably grown in recent times, particularly on future singularities with the discovery of late-time acceleration of the universe and dark energy. While such explorations have previously been done in various modified gravity and quantum gravitationally inspired cosmologies (besides standard general relativistic cosmology), no such an endeavour has been taken up till now in the realms of renormalization group approaches to cosmology and we have hence took up on this journey. In this work, we consider the formation of cosmological singularities in an asymptotically safe cosmology where the cut off scale is proportional to the Hubble parameter. We consider a well motivated inhomogeneous form of the equation of state(EOS) as well. We firstly delve into some basics of this cosmology and show that such a scenario permits a transition between phantom and quintessence forms of universal evolution. We then show that one can have Type I - Type IV singularities in such a cosmology for various version of the EOS and that the singularities can occur both in finite and infinite time. The conditions in which these singularities occur is significantly different than how they occur in the standard cosmology, with the formulations being even more involved. Interestingly this difference comes about without the need of any free parameters in the cosmological models, which is usually what one observes when one goes for the same pursuit via various modified gravity/ QG inspired cosmological approaches. Furthermore, we showed that usual singularity removal methods like conformal anomaly effects and f(R) gravity effects do not offer much hope for singularity removal in this cosmology.
Multiple interactions between fishbone instabilities and internal transport barriers in EAST plasmas
Authors: Ge Wanling , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Wang Feng , Liu Zixi , Xu Liqing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fishbone instabilities and internal transport barriers (ITBs) are frequently and sequentially observed in tokamak plasmas. Recently, the relationship between fishbone instabilities and ITBs was numerically studied, mainly on the basis of experimental results (Liu et al 2020 Nucl. Fusion
60 122001). It was identified that a radial electric field can be generated by the fishbone itself, which may act as a trigger for ITB formation. To gain a deeper understanding of this subject, in this work we further demonstrate the multiple interactions between fishbone instability and ITBs in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) experiments (discharge #56933) using the hybrid kinetic-MHD code M3D-K. In multiple-n simulations, it is found that a zonal electric field can be induced in the nonlinear fishbone stage, leading to a relatively large E × B zonal flow that is sufficient to suppress the dominant microinstability before ITB formation; this should account for ITB triggering. After the ITB is triggered, the equilibrium pressure gradient increases and fast ions from the neutral beam injection accumulate in the ITB region. Linear simulations are performed to analyze the effect of ITB formation on fishbone instability. It is shown that due to the change of the pressure gradient during ITB expansion, the change in the bootstrap current density profile modifies the q-profile and then stabilizes the fishbone mode. Additionally, the accumulation of the fast ions leads to a broadening of fast ion distribution around the ITB region, which also has a stabilizing effect on the fishbone mode.
Stellarator coil optimization supporting multiple magnetic configurations
Authors: Lee Brandon F. , Paul Elizabeth J. , Stadler Georg , Landreman Matt 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a technique that can be used to design stellarators with a high degree of experimental flexibility. For our purposes, flexibility is defined by the range of values the rotational transform can take on the magnetic axis of the vacuum field while maintaining satisfactory quasisymmetry. We show that accounting for configuration flexibility during the modular coil design improves flexibility beyond that attained by previous methods. Careful placement of planar control coils and the incorporation of an integrability objective enhance the quasisymmetry and nested flux surface volume of each configuration. We show that it is possible to achieve flexibility, quasisymmetry, and nested flux surface volume to reasonable degrees with a relatively simple coil set through an NCSX-like example. This example coil design is optimized to achieve three rotational transform targets and nested flux surface volumes in each magnetic configuration larger than the NCSX design plasma volume. Our work suggests that there is a tradeoff between flexibility, quasisymmetry, and volume of nested flux surfaces.