bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing culturally appropriate food literacy resources for Aboriginal children with Foodbank WA’s Superhero Foods®
Authors: Tartaglia Jennifer , Giglia Roslyn , Darby Jill 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIssue addressedIn Australia, food sovereignty of traditional landowners has been marginalised by the globalisation of food systems and resulted in limited opportunities for children to experience familiar bush tucker foods as healthy choices, particularly in a school environment. Superhero Foods® themed teaching resources focus on the development of nutrition education materials that included traditional Aboriginal foods together with contemporary foods readily available in regional/remote communities.MethodsConsultation with an Aboriginal expert and Aboriginal artist; local, regional/remote teachers and stakeholders informed the development of tailored resources including food cartoon characters, school lesson plans and a storybook. The latter was guided by a resource development model. Users of the resources were surveyed to ascertain the useability, alignment with the Australian Dietary Guidelines, cross‐curricular learnings and cultural relevance.ResultsRespondents across regional/remote and urban locations completed a lesson plan and food character (clipart) survey (N = 51) and storybook survey (N = 14). Respondents advised the resources were relevant, enjoyable, engaging and culturally appropriate for all students regardless of Aboriginality. The resources provided learning opportunities for all children to enhance knowledge about Aboriginal culture and bush foods. Independent evaluation has further indicated the translation of messaging into student's knowledge and learning.ConclusionsKey enablers to the success of the resource included; free online access, the highly engaging nature of the resources and adaptability to be implemented across a number of Aboriginal language groups in WA. Ensuring visual representation of healthy choices was fundamental to reinforcing nutrition messaging. Superhero Foods resources are a positive and important inclusion in the health promotion toolbox for Aboriginal children.So what?Superhero Foods are novel nutrition education resources depicting Aboriginal foods and Aboriginal children. These food literacy resources will engage children's understanding of Aboriginal culture, improve food literacy and strengthen equitable access for regional and remote communities.
Willingness to pay for complementary health insurance in Iran: Contingent valuation approach
Authors: Mohammadi Behzad , Goudarzi Reza , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Barouni Mohsen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Iranian health system is based on social health insurance, which is responsible for providing access to basic health care. In addition to basic treatment insurance, complementary health insurance (CHI) offers introductory packages that include surplus services. We recently observed an increase in Iran's health insurance loss coefficient, from 16.5% to 90.4% in 2017.AimTo determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for (CHI).MethodsWe attempted to determine the WTP for CHI in this study to understand better the potential market and the factors that influence CHI demand. The study surveyed 1023 households in the Kerman Province. A questionnaire developed by the researcher was used in this study, based on the principles of contingent valuation and the bidding game method principles. In each scenario, the factors affecting people's WTP, the demand function, and the effective factors on demand were determined using linear multivariate regression using the ordinary least squares method.FindingsThe average WTP was $ 7.01, $ 12.57, $ 16.19, and $ 18.73 for the first to fourth scenarios, respectively. The demand elasticity for health insurance increased from the first to the fourth scenario, indicating that demand is expandable. On the other hand, it was observed that risk aversion dictates the demand for CHI.ConclusionContrary to the insurance claims theory, demand for CHI did not reverse. To this end, insurance fund policymakers can avoid risks and high financial costs by identifying risk‐averse individuals.
Fabrication and histological evaluation of porous carbonate apatite blocks using disodium hydrogen phosphate crystals as a porogen and phosphatization accelerator
Authors: Freitas Pery , Kishida Ryo , Hayashi Koichiro , Tsuchiya Akira , Shimabukuro Masaya , Ishikawa Kunio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe porous architecture of artificial bones plays a pivotal role in bone ingrowth. Although salt leaching methods produce predictable porous architectures, their application in the low‐temperature fabrication of ceramics remains a challenge. Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) blocks with three ranges of pore sizes: 100–200, 200–400, and 400–600 μm, were fabricated from CaCO3 blocks with embedded Na2HPO4 crystals as a porogen and accelerator for CaCO3‐to‐CO3Ap conversion. CaCO3 blocks were obtained from Ca(OH)2 compacts with Na2HPO4 by CO2 flow at 100% humidity. When carbonated under 100% water humidity, the dissolution of Na2HPO4 and the formation of hydroxyapatite were observed. Using 90% methanol and 10% water were beneficial in avoiding the Na2HPO4 consumption and generating the metastable CaCO3 vaterite, which was rapidly converted into CO3Ap in a Na2HPO4 solution in 7 days. For the histological evaluation, the CO3Ap blocks were implanted in rabbit femur defects. Four weeks after implantation, new bone was formed at the edges of the blocks. After 12 weeks, new bone was observed in the central areas of the material. Notably, CO3Ap blocks with pore sizes of 100–200 μm were the most effective, exhibiting approximately 23% new bone area. This study sheds new light on the fabrication of tailored porous blocks and provides a useful guide for designing artificial bones.
Selenium nanoparticles alleviate lead acetate‐induced toxicological and morphological changes in rat testes through modulation of calmodulin‐related genes expression
Authors: El‐fakharany Yara M. , Mohamed Eman M. , Etewa Rasha L. , Abdel Hamid Omaima I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLead (Pb) is one of the most common toxic heavy metals. It is a well‐known testicular toxicant. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a more effective form of elemental selenium that reduces drug‐induced toxicities. This study aimed to study the possible ameliorating effect of SeNPs on the toxicological and morphological changes in testes of lead acetate intoxicated rats. The study was conducted on 40 adult male albino rats divided into four groups; control, SeNPs‐treated, lead acetate‐treated, lead acetate and SeNPS treated groups. The concurrent treatment of lead acetate‐exposed rats with SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks significantly lowered the blood and testicular lead levels, increased serum testosterone, and decreased luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone to approach control values. In addition, it improved the histopathological, and ultrastructural alterations of the testes and improved the immunohistochemical expression of the c‐kit. This was accompanied by maintenance of the testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance and reversing the lead‐induced disrupted calmodulin‐related genes expression in testicular tissue in the form of downregulation of CAMMK2 and MAP2K6 and upregulation of CXCR4 genes. There was a strong positive correlation between testicular malondialdehyde and MAP2K6 expression level as well as a strong positive correlation between CXCR4 gene expression and the C‐kit area %. In conclusion, SeNPs can be considered as a potential therapy for a lead‐induced testicular injury.
When standardized testing is not standardized
Authors: Nalliah Romesh P. , Reddy Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStandardized testing has been utilized by K‐12 schools, undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as employers. Historically, it has been seen as an efficacious way to identify the best performing candidates to receive program entry or move forward in a hiring process. However, there is significant evidence mounting about the limitations of standardized testing and, yet, we persist with them because of their relative ease. The purpose of this perspective paper is to begin a conversation about the place of standardized tests in dental education and its relationship to institution goals related to diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Genetic counseling certificate program: A program evaluation of undergraduate exposure to genetic counseling
Authors: McGraw Erin , Rispoli Jessica , Horner Michele B. , Heiman Gary A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUndergraduate genetic counseling exposure can generate interest in a growing field, help students prepare to apply to graduate‐level programs, and introduce underrepresented populations to the career. One form of exposure that currently exists is the Genetic Counseling Certificate Program (GCCP), which is offered to undergraduate students at Rutgers University. To determine the effectiveness, benefits, and limitations of the GCCP, a program evaluation was conducted. Former GCCP students were surveyed to assess how they perceived the program. Overall, most students thought the program successfully met its objectives and thought their participation in the GCCP was beneficial. Because it is viewed favorably by former students, implementing something similar to the GCCP may be an option for institutions looking to offer additional opportunities to their undergraduates. Not only could creating programs like the GCCP enhance undergraduates’ knowledge of the genetic counseling profession, but it could also contribute toward diversification of the field.
The prevalence of pre‐treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Vietnam: a nationally representative survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Dat Vu Quoc , Anh Nguyen Thi Lan , Van Nghia Khuu , Linh Nguyen Thuy , Thu Huynh Hoang Khanh , Tam Tran Thi Minh , Ton Tran , Anh Luong Que , Phuc Nguyen Duy , Huong Phan Thi Thu , Nhan Do Thi , Hai Nguyen Huu , Bertagnolio Silvia , Crisp Amy M. , Inzaule Seth , Dean Natalie E. , Jordan Michael R. , Nguyen Van Thi Thuy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMonitoring the population‐level emergence and transmission of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is necessary for supporting public health programmes. This study provides a nationally representative prevalence estimate of HIVDR in people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and estimates of acquired HIVDR and viral load (VL) suppression in people who have received it for 12 or ≥48 months in Vietnam.MethodsThe study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2018 following World Health Organization guidance. Thirty ART clinics were randomly sampled using probability proportional to size sampling from a total of 367 ART clinics in the country.Results and DiscussionIn total, 409 patients initiating ART were enrolled into the survey of pre‐treatment HIVDR. The prevalence of any pre‐treatment HIVDR was 5.8% (95% CI 3.4–9.5%), and the prevalence of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance was 3.4% (95% CI 1.8–6.2%). Four hundred twenty‐nine patients on ART for 12±3 months and 723 patients on ART for ≥48 months were enrolled into the surveys of acquired HIVDR. The prevalence of VL suppression (defined as <1000 copies/ml) in patients on ART for 12±3 and ≥48 months was 95.5% (95% CI 91.3–97.8%) and 96.1% (95% CI 93.2–97.8%), respectively. Among individuals with viral non‐suppression, any HIVDR was detected in 11/14 (weighted prevalence 74.3%) of those on ART for 12±3 months and in 24/27 (weighted prevalence 88.5%) of those receiving ART for ≥48 months.ConclusionsThis nationally representative study of HIVDR found high levels of VL suppression among those on ART for 12 and ≥48 months. Overall, high levels of VL suppression at both time points suggested good adherence among patients receiving ART and quality of treatment services in Vietnam.Clinical Trial NumberNot applicable
Immunolocalization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein (apc) in the regenerating lizard tail suggests involvement in tissue differentiation and regulation of growth
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLizard tail regeneration is likely regulated by the balanced activity of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that control cell proliferation avoiding tumorigenic degeneration. One of the main tumor suppressor genes present in the regenerating tail is the “adenomatous polyposis coli (apc)” but the localization of its coded protein (apc) is not known. This protein may be involved in regulation of apical‐basal tail regeneration in lizards. The present immunohistochemical study shows that apc is localized in apical wound epidermis and regenerating ependyme, two tissues that proliferate and also express onco‐genes. Apc is not present in blastema cells but localizes in differentiating cells of regenerating scales, muscles and less intensely in the non‐apical ependymal epithelium and cartilage. This suggests that apc is involved in the induction of their differentiation. The apc immunolabeling is mainly nuclear in the basal epidermal layer of the apical wound epidermis where it may be involved in modulating keratinocytes proliferation, like in the forming scales. In regenerating muscle and cartilage apc is mainly cytoplasmic while sparse labeled nuclei are seen in proliferative areas of these tissues. In the regenerating spinal cord, the nuclear and cytoplasmic apc labeling is present in ependymal cells of the distal‐most ependymal ampulla but the labeling fades in more proximal regions and mainly remains in the cytoplasm facing the central canal and in sparse nuclei. It is suggested that the pattern of immunolabeling for apc indicates that this tumor suppressor may contribute to tissue differentiation within the regenerating tail.
Complicated appendicular diverticulitis
Authors: Drew Zachary J. , Chakrabarty Sriya , Malghan Raghvendra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAppendiceal diverticulitis, a frequently underdiagnosed entity, differs from typical appendicitis by the presence of an inflamed appendiceal diverticulum. Appendiceal diverticulitis is a surgical emergency which has an increased risk of perforation compared to typical appendicitis. We will discuss a surgically and pathologically confirmed case of complicated appendiceal diverticulitis and its management implications.
Influence of landscape and vegetation characteristics on herpetofaunal assemblages in Gulf Coastal Plain pine forests
Authors: Royal Ethan J. , Greene Daniel U. , Miller Darren A. , Willson John D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLongleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savanna characterized by open‐canopy, diverse herbaceous vegetation, and high amounts of bare soil once covered much of the southeastern United States Coastal Plain. The unique structural and vegetative conditions of this ecosystem support endemic reptiles and amphibians that have declined as longleaf pine forests have been lost or degraded. Private working pine (Pinusspp.) forests managed for timber production now occur throughout the southeastern United States and have replaced much of the historical longleaf pine savanna. The examination of herpetofaunal (reptile, amphibian) communities in private working loblolly pine (P. taeda) landscapes, particularly in the western Gulf Coastal Plain is lacking. Using repeated field surveys and hierarchical community occupancy models, we examined occupancy and species richness of herpetofauna across 81 sites spanning gradients of management practices, vegetative conditions, and soil composition in northwestern Louisiana, USA, 2017–2019. Young pine stands (<6 yr) exhibited structural characteristics most similar to mature longleaf pine reference sites (>30 yr), while mid‐aged stands (13–26 yr) often featured closed canopy and dense midstory. Vegetation conditions varied widely depending on landscape characteristics and site‐specific disturbance regimes. We documented 43 species of herpetofauna, including 9 open‐pine‐associated species. Occupancy of open‐pine‐associated herpetofauna was positively associated with open‐canopy and understory conditions, and sandy soil area. Sites providing open‐canopy conditions were often occupied by open‐pine‐associated species regardless of overstory type and disturbance method. Overall richness of herpetofauna was greatest at sites with moderate canopy cover outside of sandy soil regions. Working pine landscapes in the western Gulf Coastal Plain can support diverse herpetofaunal assemblages, including open‐pine‐associated species, when management practices maintain open‐canopy conditions on sandy, upland soils. More broadly, our results provide insight into how forest management practices affect herpetofauna and may guide practices that can contribute to conservation value of working pine forests.
Metabolic Investigation on the Interaction Mechanism between Dietary Dihydrochalcone Intake and Lipid Peroxidation Product Acrolein Reduction
Authors: Zhu Yingdong , Wang Weixin , Huang Qiju , Hu Changlin , Sang Shengmin 
Published: February 2022

ScopeAcrolein (ACR), a lipid peroxidation product, pathologically participates in various chronic diseases. In vitro evidence suggestes that dietary dihydrochalcones (DHCs) potentiate safe and alternative therapeutics to synthetic pharmaceuticals for ACR scavenging. Here, to investigate whether ingested DHCs could trap ACR and thereof result in reductions in endogenous ACR in mice is aimed.Methods and resultsThree doses of phloretin (25, 100, and 400 mg kg−1), a major dietary DHC, are orally administrated to mice and 24 h urine and fecal samples are collected, respectively. High‐resolution MS‐based targeted metabolomics reveal for the first time that phloretin and its oxidized metabolite are able to trap endogenous ACR via formation of ACR conjugates. Quantification further demonstrate that a) more than 13% of ingested phloretin can dose‐dependently trap 0.77−9.92 nmol of ACR within 24 h; b) phloretin ingestion leads to marked reductions in both free ACR and ACR metabolites in mouse urine compared to control; and c) trapping reactions by phloretin can account for up to 20.1% of the total decreases in endogenous ACR, depending on the administration doses.ConclusionFindings from this study indicate that regular consumption of DHCs‐rich diets holds great promise to alleviate the development of ACR‐associated chronic diseases.
Quantitative analysis of dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) robustness in pencil beam scanning proton lung plans
Authors: Rana Suresh , Traneus Erik , Jackson Michael , Tran Linh , Rosenfeld Anatoly B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe primary objective of our study was to perform a quantitative robustness analysis of the dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) and related RBE‐weighted dose in robustly optimized (in terms of the range and set up uncertainties) pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton lung cancer plans.MethodsIn this study, we utilized the 4DCT dataset of six anonymized lung patients. PBS lung plans were generated using a robust optimization technique (range uncertainty: ±3.5% and setup errors: ±5 mm) on the CTV for a total dose of 5000 cGy (RBE) in five fractions using the RBE of 1.1. For each patient, the LETd distributions were calculated for the nominal plan and three groups. Group 1: two plan robustness scenarios for range uncertainties of ±3.5%; Group 2: twelve plan robustness scenarios (range uncertainty (±3.5%) in conjunction with setup errors (±5 mm)); and Group 3: ten different breathing phases of the 4DCT dataset. The RBE‐weighted dose to the OARs was evaluated for all robustness scenarios and breathing phases. The variation (∆) in the mean LETd and mean RBE‐weighted dose from each group was recorded.ResultsThe mean LETd in the CTV of nominal PBS lung plans among six patients ranged from 2.2 to 2.6 keV/µm. On average, for the combined range and setup uncertainties, the ∆ in the mean LETd among 12 scenarios of all six patients was 0.6 keV/µm, which is slightly higher than when only the range uncertainties were considered (0.4 keV/µm). The ∆ in the mean LETd in a patient was ≤1.7 keV/µm in the heart and ≤1.2 keV/µm in the esophagus and total lung. The ∆ in the mean RBE‐weighted dose in a patient was up to 79 cGy for the total lung, 165 cGy for the heart, and 258 cGy for the esophagus. For ten breathing phases, the ∆ in the mean LETd in a patient was ≤0.3 keV/µm in the CTV, ≤0.5 keV/µm in the heart, ≤0.4 keV/µm in the esophagus, and ≤0.7 keV/µm in the total lung.ConclusionThe addition of setup errors to the range uncertainties resulted in slightly less homogeneous LETd distributions. The variations in the mean LETd among the ten breathing phases were slightly larger in the total lung than in the heart and esophagus. The combination of setup and range uncertainties had a greater impact than the effect of breathing phases on the variations in the mean RBE‐weighted dose to the OARs. Overall, the LETd distributions in the CTV were less sensitive than those in the OARs to setup errors, range uncertainties, and breathing phases for robustly optimized (in terms of range and setup uncertainities) PBS proton lung cancer plans.
Autoantibody profile in myasthenia gravis patients with a refractory phase
Authors: Veltsista Dimitra , Kefalopoulou Zinovia , Tzartos John , Chroni Elisabeth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsA subgroup of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients fail to respond adequately to recommended treatments, a condition referred to as refractory MG. During the refractory phase, patients experience persistent debilitating symptoms with potential life‐threatening events or inability to reduce immunosuppressant dosages and minimize long‐term toxicities.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single‐center study of 113 MG patients to investigate the autoantibody profile and clinical characteristics of refractory MG patients, compared with nonrefractory patients, based on predefined criteria.ResultsFifteen patients (13.3%) were classified as refractory. Double‐seronegative MG (DSNMG), without detectable nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies, was identified in six refractory patients, significantly higher than those with nonrefractory MG (40% vs 16.3%; P = .031). None of the refractory patients had MuSK antibodies. Patients in the refractory group more frequently had an earlier disease onset, thymic pathology, and thymectomy (P ≤. 03 for all).DiscussionIn this study, patients with refractory MG were more likely than those with nonrefractory MG to be DSN; and refractory DSNMG patients had worse MGFA classes in their recent visit compared with anti‐AChR positive refractory patients. Refractory DSNMG patients may represent a distinct group that requires more individualized and targeted treatment approaches.