bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiomics reveals an essential role of long-distance translocation in regulating plant cadmium resistance and grain accumulation in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Hua Ying-peng , Chen Jun-fan , Zhou Ting , Zhang Tian-yu , Shen Dan-dan , Feng Ying-na , Guan Pan-feng , Huang Shao-min , Zhou Zheng-fu , Huang Jin-yong , Yue Cai-peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that readily enters cereals, such as wheat, via the roots and is translocated to the shoots and grains, thereby posing high risks to human health. However, the vast and complex genome of allohexaploid wheat makes it challenging to understand Cd resistance and accumulation. In this study, a Cd-resistant cultivar of wheat, ‘ZM1860’, and a Cd-sensitive cultivar, ‘ZM32’, selected from a panel of 442 accessions, exhibited significantly different plant resistance and grain accumulation. We performed an integrated comparative analysis of the morpho-physiological traits, ionomic and phytohormone profiles, genomic variations, transcriptomic landscapes, and gene functionality in order to identify the mechanisms underlying these differences. Under Cd toxicity, ‘ZM1860’ outperformed ‘ZM32’, which showed more severe leaf chlorosis, poorer root architecture, higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and disordered phytohormone homeostasis. Ionomics showed that ‘ZM32’ had a higher root-to-shoot translocation coefficient of Cd and accumulated more Cd in the grains than ‘ZM1860’. Whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) and transcriptome sequencing identified numerous DNA variants and differentially expressed genes involved in abiotic stress responses and ion transport between the two genotypes. Combined ionomics, transcriptomics, and functional gene analysis identified the plasma membrane-localized heavy metal ATPase TaHMA2b-7A as a crucial Cd exporter regulating long-distance Cd translocation in wheat. WGS- and PCR-based analysis of sequence polymorphisms revealed a 25-bp InDel site in the promoter region of TaHMA2b-7A, and this was probably responsible for the differential expression. Our multiomics approach thus enabled the identification of a core transporter involved in long-distance Cd translocation in wheat, and it may provide an elite genetic resource for improving plant Cd resistance and reducing grain Cd accumulation in wheat and other cereal crops.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: Clinical Presentation and Occupational Implications in Young and Healthy IDF Soldiers
Authors: Akavian Inbal , Nitzan Itay , Talmy Tomer , Nitecki Maya , Gendler Sami , Besor Omri 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To this date, there is little known about the symptoms, their duration, and occupational implications of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the military population. Decisions regarding implementing precaution measures are based on data deriving from the general population. Moreover, the Omicron variant seems to cause a disease with lesser severity than previous variants. We aimed to describe the clinical presentation and estimate the loss of workdays due to mild COVID-19 during an Omicron predominant wave among a young, healthy, and mostly vaccinated military population.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional, survey-based study among IDF soldiers who replied to an online questionnaire following recovery from COVID-19. Data included self-reported vaccination status, symptoms presentation and duration, and service-related sick days. Student’s t-test and chi-square test of independence were used to compare differences in continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio and 95% CIs for prolonged symptom duration (4 days and above) by participants’ characteristics. The IDF medical corps institutional review board approved this study.

Results
A total of 199 soldiers, with a mean age of 21.9 years, were included in the study. Upper respiratory tract symptoms, headache, and constitutional symptoms were found to be the most common among symptomatic soldiers. The median reported time for inability to continue the daily routine, including work, was 5 days [Interquartile range (IQR), 0-10]. Median duration of symptoms was 4 days (IQR, 0-10). In addition, women were found to have longer symptomatic disease (odds ratio = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.20-4.52).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that even among a young and fully vaccinated population, COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant may result in substantial medical leave from military service, compared to common cold or influenza virus infection. Our study sample was relatively small; however, the response rate was high and our results shed light on the yet-to-be fully characterized Omicron variant-related COVID-19. Despite the current common perception of COVID-19 as a self-limiting mild disease with low burden of symptoms, our findings show the potential occupational burden of infection with COVID-19 on military units and their readiness and could be considered when discussing public health restrictions and further steps taken to minimize outbreaks ramifications.
iTRAQ-based proteomics revealed baicalein enhanced oxidative stress of Candida albicans by upregulating CPD2 expression
Authors: Lv Quan-Zhen , Zhang Xiao-long , Gao Lu , Yan Lan , Jiang Yuan-Ying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Baicalein could inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of Candida albicans, the most common clinical fungal pathogen. However, the antifungal mechanism of baicalein has not been elucidated. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was used to verify the mechanism of antifungal fluconazole and baicalein. A total of 58 common proteins were detected in cells treated with fluconazole. These proteins encompassed fluconazole-targeted sterol synthesis pathway, including Erg11p, Erg6p, Erg3p, Erg25p, Erg5p, Erg10p, and Ncp1p. Next, iTRAQ was applied to the comparison of baicalein-treated C. albicans proteins, which detected 16 common proteins. The putative NADH dehydrogenase Cpd2p and the ATP-binding cassette transporter Snq2p were the most upregulated proteins with the treatment of baicalein. Our results showed that CPD2 disruption elevated C. albicans resistance to baicalein significantly both in vitro and in vivo. Further in-depth studies revealed that CPD2 disruption reduced the activation of C. albicans metacaspase and partially restored the mitochondrial membrane potential reduction caused by the treatment of baicalein, which indicated that CPD2 was involved in the apoptosis induced by baicalein. Consistently, under the treatment of baicalein, CPD2Δ/Δ mutant produced lower reactive oxygen species that was critical in causing oxidative damage and apoptosis in C. albicans. These results indicated that baicalein could increase intracellular oxidative damage by upregulating the expression of Cpd2p so as to inhibit the growth of C. albicans, which provides new insights for investigating the antifungal target of baicalein.
J-PLUS: a catalogue of globular cluster candidates around the M 81/M 82/NGC 3077 triplet of galaxies
Authors: Chies-Santos Ana L , de Souza Rafael S , Caso Juan P , Ennis Ana I , de Souza Camila P E , Barbosa Renan S , Chen Peng , Javier Cenarro A , Ederoclite Alessandro , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Moles Mariano , Varela Jesús , Vázquez Ramió Héctor , Dupke Renato , Sodré Laerte , Angulo Raul E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Globular clusters (GCs) are proxies of the formation assemblies of their host galaxies. However, few studies exist targeting GC systems of spiral galaxies up to several effective radii. Through 12-band Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) imaging, we study the point sources around the M 81/M 82/NGC 3077 triplet in search of new GC candidates. We develop a tailored classification scheme to search for GC candidates based on their similarity to known GCs via a principal component analysis projection. Our method accounts for missing data and photometric errors. We report 642 new GC candidates in a region of 3.5 deg2 around the triplet, ranked according to their Gaia astrometric proper motions when available. We find tantalizing evidence for an overdensity of GC candidate sources forming a bridge connecting M 81 and M 82. Finally, the spatial distribution of the GC candidates (g − i) colours is consistent with halo/intra-cluster GCs, i.e. it gets bluer as they get further from the closest galaxy in the field. We further employ a regression-tree-based model to estimate the metallicity distribution of the GC candidates based on their J-PLUS bands. The metallicity distribution of the sample candidates is broad and displays a bump towards the metal-rich end. Our list increases the population of GC candidates around the triplet by threefold, stresses the usefulness of multiband surveys in finding these objects, and provides a testbed for further studies analysing their spatial distribution around nearby (spirals) galaxies.
The winking eye of a very massive star: WR 21a revealed as an eclipsing binary by TESS
Authors: Barbá Rodolfo H , Gamen Roberto C , Martín-Ravelo Pablo , Arias Julia I , Morrell Nidia I 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
WR 21a was known as a massive spectroscopic binary composed of an O2.5 If*/WN6ha primary and an O3 V((f*))z secondary. Although a minimum value, the mass estimated for the primary placed it as one of the most massive stars found in our Galaxy. We report the discovery of photometric variations in the time series observations carried out by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). These light variations are interpreted as formed by two main components: a sharp partial eclipse of the O3 secondary by the O2.5/WN6 star, and tidally excited oscillations. Based on the light minima, a new ephemeris for the system is calculated. The system configuration is detached and the observed eclipse corresponds to the periastron passage. During the eclipse, the light curve shape suggests the presence of the heartbeat effect. The frequencies derived for the tidally excited oscillations are harmonics of the orbital period. Combining new and previously published radial velocity measurements, a new spectroscopic orbital solution is also obtained. Using the phoebe code we model the TESS light curve and determine stellar radii of RO2.5/WN6 = 23.4 R⊙ and RO3 = 14.3 R⊙ and an orbital inclination i = 62${_{.}^{\circ}}$2 ± 0${_{.}^{\circ}}$9. The latter combined with the spectroscopic minimum masses lead to absolute masses of MO2.5/WN6 = 93.2 M⊙ and MO3 = 52.9 M⊙, which establishes WR 21a as belonging to the rare group of the very massive stars.
UVIT view of Centaurus A: a detailed study on positive AGN feedback
Authors: Joseph Prajwel , Sreekumar P , Stalin C S , Paul K T , Mondal Chayan , George Koshy , Mathew Blesson 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black holes at the centre of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) produce relativistic jets that can affect the star formation characteristics of the AGN hosts. Observations in the ultraviolet (UV) band can provide an excellent view of the effect of AGN jets on star formation. Here, we present a census of star formation properties in the Northern Star-forming Region (NSR) that spans about 20 kpc of the large radio source Centaurus A hosted by the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5128. In this region, we identified 352 UV sources associated with Cen A using new observations at an angular resolution of &lt;1.5 arcsec observed with the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat. These observations were carried out in one far-ultraviolet (FUV; λmean = 1481 Å) and three near-ultraviolet (NUV; with λmean of 2196, 2447, and 2792 Å, respectively) bands. The star-forming sources identified in UV tend to lie in the direction of the jet of Cen A, thereby suggesting jet triggering of star formation. Separating the NSR into Outer and Inner regions, we found the stars in the Inner region to have a relatively younger age than the Outer region, suggesting that the two regions may have different star formation histories. We also provide the UVIT source catalogue in the NSR.
Protein Conformational Space at the Edge of Allostery: Turning a Nonallosteric Malate Dehydrogenase into an “Allosterized” Enzyme Using Evolution-Guided Punctual Mutations
Authors: Iorio Antonio , Brochier-Armanet Céline , Mas Caroline , Sterpone Fabio , Madern Dominique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe unveil the intimate relationship between protein dynamics and allostery by following the trajectories of model proteins in their conformational and sequence spaces. Starting from a nonallosteric hyperthermophilic malate dehydrogenase, we have tracked the role of protein dynamics in the evolution of the allosteric capacity. Based on a large phylogenetic analysis of the malate (MalDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) superfamily, we identified two amino acid positions that could have had a major role for the emergence of allostery in LDHs, which we targeted for investigation by site-directed mutagenesis. Wild-type MalDH and the single and double mutants were tested with respect to their substrate recognition profiles. The double mutant displayed a sigmoid-shaped profile typical of homotropic activation in LDH. By using molecular dynamics simulations, we showed that the mutations induce a drastic change in the protein sampling of its conformational landscape, making transiently T-like (inactive) conformers, typical of allosteric LDHs, accessible. Our data fit well with the seminal key concept linking protein dynamics and evolvability. We showed that the selection of a new phenotype can be achieved by a few key dynamics-enhancing mutations causing the enrichment of low-populated conformational substates.
A multicentre, large-scale, observational study of tocilizumab in patients with Takayasu arteritis in Japan: The ACTEMRA® (ACT)-Bridge study
Authors: Harigai Masayoshi , Miyamae Takako , Hashimoto Hideyuki , Yoshida Amika , Yamashita Katsuhisa , Nakaoka Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
We evaluated the real-world tolerability and effectiveness of tocilizumab in Japanese patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK).

Methods
Patients with TAK who had not received tocilizumab in the previous 6 months were enrolled in ACTEMRA® (ACT)-Bridge, a phase 4, observational study, from 66 Japanese institutions (enrolment period, September 2017 to September 2020) and received weekly subcutaneous tocilizumab 162 mg (observation period, 52 weeks).

Results
Among 120 patients included (mean age, 38.4 years; mean disease duration, 7.7 years; treated for relapse, 50.8%; previous immunosuppressant use, 57.5%; glucocorticoid use at baseline, 97.5%), 49 (40.8%) reported adverse events. The most common adverse event of special interest was serious infection (7.5%). Relapse was observed in 24 (20.0%) patients (0.8%, 2.5%, and 16.7% reporting ≥3, 2, and 1 relapses, respectively). The reasons for diagnosing relapse included chest and back pain (45.8%), neck pain (25.0%), fatigue (16.7%), fever and headache (12.5% each), abnormal imaging findings (50.0%), and elevated inflammatory markers (16.7%). At the last observation, 83.0% of relapse-free patients recorded a concomitant glucocorticoid dose (prednisolone equivalent) &lt;10 mg/day.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of tocilizumab in patients with TAK, with no new safety concerns. Tocilizumab plus glucocorticoids may be considered a treatment option for TAK.
National Cohort Study of Homebound Persons Living With Dementia: Antibiotic Prescribing Trends and Opportunities for Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Datta Rupak , Fried Terri , O’Leary John R , Zullo Andrew R , Allore Heather , Han Ling , Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Cohen Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Over 7 million older Americans are homebound. Managing infections in homebound persons presents unique challenges that are magnified among persons living with dementia (PLWD). This work sought to characterize antibiotic use in a national cohort of PLWD who received home-based primary care (HBPC) through the Veterans Health Administration.

Methods
Administrative data identified veterans aged ≥65 years with ≥2 physician home visits in a year between 2014 and 2018 and a dementia diagnosis 3 years before through 1 year after their initial HBPC visit. Antibiotics prescribed orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or by enema within 3 days of an HBPC visit were assessed from the initial HBPC visit to death or December 31, 2018. Prescription fills and days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 days of home care (DOHC) were calculated.

Results
Among 39 861 PLWD, the median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 85 (78–90) years, and 15.0% were Black. Overall, 16 956 (42.5%) PLWD received 45 122 prescription fills. The antibiotic use rate was 20.7 DOT per 1000 DOHC. Telephone visits and advanced practice provider visits were associated with 30.9% and 42.0% of fills, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of fills were associated with diagnoses for conditions where antibiotics are not indicated. Quinolones were the most prescribed class (24.3% of fills). The overall median length of therapy (IQR) was 7 (7–10) days. Antibiotic use rates varied across regions. Within regions, the median annual antibiotic use rate decreased from 2014 to 2018.

Conclusions
Antibiotic prescriptions were prevalent in HBPC. The scope, appropriateness, and harms of antibiotic use in homebound PLWD need further investigation.
Factors Associated With Acceptance of Telehealth-Based Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Recommendations in a Community Hospital Health System
Authors: Shively Nathan R , Jacobs Max W , Moffa Matthew A , Schorr Rebecca E , Walsh Thomas L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Telehealth-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (TeleASPs) have led to reduced broad-spectrum antimicrobial utilization. Data on factors associated with acceptance of stewardship recommendations are limited.

Methods
A TeleASP, facilitated by remote infectious disease physicians and local pharmacists, was implemented in 2 community hospitals from February 2018 through July 2020. Variables potentially affecting acceptance of TeleASP recommendations were tracked. Odds ratios of acceptance were determined utilizing multiple logistic regression.

Results
During the 30-month period, 4863 (91.2%) of the total 5333 recommendations were accepted. Factors associated with a higher odds of acceptance in multivariable analysis were recommendations for antimicrobial dose/frequency adjustment (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% CI, 1.6–4.3) and order for labs/tests (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.1–5.2), while recommendations for antimicrobial de-escalation (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60–0.95) and antimicrobial discontinuation (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42–0.76) were associated with lower odds of acceptance. Female physicians were more likely to accept recommendations compared with males (93.1% vs 90.3% acceptance; OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.3–2.2). Compared with physicians with &lt;3 years of experience, who had the highest acceptance rate (96.3%), physicians with ≥21 years of experience had the lowest (87.1%; OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15–0.45).

Conclusions
TeleASP recommendations were accepted at a high rate. Acceptance rates were higher among female physicians, and recommendations to stop or de-escalate antimicrobials led to lower acceptance. Recommendations made to the most experienced physicians were the least accepted, which may be an important factor for stewardship programs to consider in education and intervention efforts.
The Johnes of Glasgow: Searching, Plague and Early Modern Municipal Power
Authors: Johnson Bethany L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent scholarship highlights the importance of public health policy in the early modern era. Long before the arrival of the plague, municipal governments instituted a range of policies to protect the health of the commonweal. In the last quarter of the sixteenth century, town councils in both Glasgow and London approved searching during outbreaks. Searchers could view residents for signs of sickness, and tabulate infections and cause of death. Previous studies describe the unique position of female searchers in London, who enjoyed increased economic security without commensurate legal or political power. Glasgow’s burgh records reveal a different model of searching, first recorded in 1574, conducted by men of economic and political influence who were imbued with significant legal power. Searchers were vital to ongoing municipal efforts to slow plague outbreaks in the British Isles, but the nature of their work and the extent of their power was a matter of gender.
Recovery ofBrucellain raw milk Minas artisanal cheese approved for consumption by official inspection agency in Brazil: assessment of prevalence and risk factors through One Health integrated approaches
Authors: Silva Marcio Roberto , Duch André Almeida Santos , Lage Rômulo Tadeu Pace de Assis , de Faria Letícia Scafutto , Menezes Liliane Denize Miranda , Ribeiro João Batista , de Souza Guilherme Nunes , Filho Paulo Martins Soares , Preis Ingred Sales , Sales Érica Bravo , de Souza Patrícia Gomes , Araújo Flábio Ribeiro , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Mendes Tulio , Pettan-Brewer Christina , Fonseca-Júnior Antônio Augusto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMinas artisanal cheese (MAC) from the Serro region is a Brazilian intangible cultural heritage. Produced from raw milk, it may carry zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella. This study included a randomized survey for the prevalence of Brucella-positive MAC and its associated factors.MethodsMAC samples (n=55), each one from a different rural family-based cheese-processing agroindustry, were analysed for Brucella by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) species-specific DNA detection and cultivation-based approaches.ResultsAmong 55 MACs that were analysed, we found 17 Brucella DNA-positive samples (30.9% [95% confidence interval {CI} 18.7 to 43.1]) by PCR and, for the first time, from one MAC (1.8% [95% CI 0.5 to 9.7]), viable Brucella abortus was recovered by cultivation. Higher values for two variables, the number of lactating cows per herd (p=0.043) and daily milk production per herd (p=0.043), were each associated with Brucella-positive MAC, which concentrated in three high-risk and one low-risk spatial clusters.ConclusionsMAC may be a source of Brucella for humans, since the positive samples were from batches that were sold by cheesemakers. This should be of concern and encourage cooperation between the health and agriculture sectors in order to mitigate this public health risk through One Health integrated approaches.
Monotreme-specific conserved putative proteins derived from retroviral reverse transcriptase
Authors: Kitao Koichi , Miyazawa Takayuki , Nakagawa So 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have played an essential role in the evolution of mammals. ERV-derived genes are reported in the therians, many of which are involved in placental development; however, the contribution of the ERV-derived genes in monotremes, which are oviparous mammals, remains to be uncovered. Here, we conducted a comprehensive search for possible ERV-derived genes in platypus and echidna genomes and identified three reverse transcriptase-like genes named RTOM1, RTOM2, and RTOM3 clustered in the GRIP2 intron. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that RTOM1, RTOM2, and RTOM3 are strongly conserved and are under purifying selection between these species. These could be generated by tandem duplications before the divergence of platypus and echidna. All RTOM transcripts were specifically expressed in the testis, possibly suggesting their physiological importance. This is the first study reporting monotreme-specific de novo gene candidates derived from ERVs, which provides new insights into the unique evolution of monotremes.