bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importância socio-econômica do fuso do mangal, Cerithidea decollata (Linnaeus 1758, Mollusca, Potamididae), em Quelimane e arredores, Moçambique
Authors: Machaieie Sidonio Paulino Raul 
Published: August 2022

O gastrópode, fuso de mangal Cerithidea decollata é um invertebrado intertidal que habita nos manguezais, especialmente em Avicennia marina, distribuído ao longo do Ocidental do Oceano Índico. Objetivou-se com o estudo aprofundar a importância económica e social do fuso do mangal e analisar a sua contribuição para a segurança alimentar para a população de Quelimane e arredores, com enfonque para as comunidades de pescadores. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e conversas informais aos principais intervenientes na cadeia de produção de fuso de mangal, todwe, nomeadamente: produtores, processadores e/ou comerciantes e consumidores. Os dados desta pesquisa mostram que o todwe representa uma fonte de rendimento para vários agregados familiares em Quelimane e nos distritos circunvizinhos constituindo um negócio viável. O seu consumo está associado ao sabor, fatores culturais e hábitos alimentares e por constituir um dos elementos importantes na dieta das comunidades residentes das zonas costeiras, próximas do manguezal. A sua utilização na alimentação ocorre ao longo de todo do ano com maior frequência no verão, entre o período que vai de Agosto a Dezembro. Existe mais de 500 famílias que sobrevivem à base da recolha e/ou comercialização de todwe entre coletores e comerciantes. A atividade emprega principalmente mulheres que encontram, como solução para a sua sobrevivência, o processo da coleta e venda deste gastrópode. As principais aplicações dos rendimentos provenientes da utilização inclui construção de habitações, sustento do agregado, aquisição de produtos da primeira necessidade e educação de filhos.
Penerapan Metode Field Trip dalam Menulis Puisi Siswa Kelas X
Authors: Hasan Hasan 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diuji dengan kredilibilitas, dependabilitas, dan konfirmabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode field trip oleh guru terhadap siswa dalam menulis puisi di luar kelas sudah berjalan dengan baik dan efektif. Efektifan field trip dilihat dari siswanya yang semangat dan fokus dan mampu melahirkan banyak imijinasi sebagai inspirasi dari lingkungan sekolah, dengan menghasilkan banyak karya puisi yang telah dibuah siswa. Beberapa tema puisi yang diangkat terinspirasi dengan apa mereka dilihat pada saat itu. Tema di atas hampir semua mencerminkan dan mengambarkan isi puisinya. Evaluasi yang diberikan bukan hanya memiliki tujuan untuk memahami dan membuat puisi secara sempurna dan totalitas. Akan tetapi, siswa mampu menyerap materi yang diajarkan oleh guru juga mampu mengahasilkan dan produksi sebuah puisi dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan yang ada sebagai sumber informasi dan pengalaman yang dapat menginderaan imijinasi untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran.
From the Art of Victory to the Art of Keeping Peace: The <i>Dao De Jing</i> and Early 17<sup>th</sup> Century Tokugawa Bakufu Military Strategy
Authors: Gorbylev A. M. 
Published: August 2022

Using the material of a crucial Tokugawa era normative document, the Laws for the Military Houses (Buke Shohatto) in its first edition (1615) and the Hereditary Book on the Art of War (Heihō Kadensho, 1632), composed by Yagyū Munenori (1565–1646), a prominent statesman and fencing teacher of the first three Tokugawa shoguns, this article considers the influence of the Dao De Jing on the military-political doctrine of Tokugawa bakufu of the first half of the 17th century. The analysis of these sources gives us reason to believe that the concept of government in accordance with the Dao, stated in the Dao De Jing, which permitted the use of armed force only as an extreme measure of defense, was widely discussed by the Japanese elite in the first half of the 17th century and played a significant role in determining the administrative and military policies aimed at securing peace in the country. This strategy eventually resulted in a series of measures aimed at preserving the dominance of the military-feudal class, strengthening the bakufu control over the han, quantitative and qualitative reduction of armed forces, the reduction of military education of the samurai to classes at private martial arts schools, which did not prepare the troops for large-scale action. Eventually, this significantly contributed to Japan having two and a half centuries of peace despite the formal dominance of the military.
Pematahan Dormansi Benih Gmelia arborea Roxb. Menggunakan Asam Sulfat (H2SO4)
Authors: Suhartati Tatik , Taat Andayani Surodjo , Wahyudiono Sugeng 
Published: August 2022

Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) seed is a type of seed that have physical dormancy. This is because water and gases prevent by the hard seed coat during the germination process. Therefore, to break dormancy, preliminary treatment in the form of scarification is required, including using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. This study aims to determine the treatment of soaking in a 96% concentration of H2SO4 solution that produces the best germination ability. The study used a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 5 soaked time treatments, namely control (0 minutes), 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes and each treatment was repeated 3 times with 50 seeds for each replication. The results showed that soaked the seeds in the 96% concentration of H2SO4 solution had a significant effect on on initial time of germination, last time of germination, 80% limit time for germination, percentage of germination and vigor index. Soaking time for 10 minutes is the best treatment for scarification of gmelina seeds.

Keywords: physical dormancy; pre-treatment; scarification; soaking time
The Effect Of Playing Collage On The Development Of Fine Motorics In Preschool Children
Authors: Rehana Rehana , Nurul Komariyah  , Intan Wilujeng  
Published: August 2022

The low development of children's fine motor skills preschool. This can be seen when children do collage play activities, many children are not neat in making collage patterns.To determine the effect of playing collage on the fine motor development of preschool children in the kindergarten Keiynan Dan Mawadah Warohmah Palembang City In 2021.This type of research is pre-experimental design with one group pretest posttest. The study population was all children in KB keiynan dan KB Mawadah Warohmah Kota Palembang. The sampling technique is Simple Random Sampling. The number of samples is 26 respondents who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis techniques using the Wilcoxon. Based on the results of bivariate test results using the Wilcoxon, a significant value is obtained (ρ-value = 0,000), so <0.05.There is an effect of playing collage on the fine motor development of preschool children in the kindergarten Keiynan Dan Mawadah Warohmah Palembang City In 2021.The results of this study can be used as consideration and reference for those who want to further develop research in the same field, especially in improving the fine motor skills of preschool children.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF 3-BROMOBENZALDEHYDE NICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZONE AND IT’S Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) AND Ni(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: OJO A. S. , MAMMAN S. , UKOHA P. O. 
Published: August 2022

Acyl hydarazones and other hydrazones derivatives are of immense biological importance as a result of their antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory properties and coordination Chemistry. The ligand was prepared by refluxing nicotinic acid hydrazide and 3-bromobenzaldehyde in ethanol, the complexes were synthezed by mixing ethanolic solutions of the metal salts with the hydrazone. The ligand and complexes were characterized on the basis of uv-visible, FTIR, melting point, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal analysis and mole ratio, antimicrobial activities were determined. The ligand and complexes formed are high melting point crystalline solids. Thermodynamic stability study showed that the complexes are stable with stability constants between 2.84 x 105 – 2.21 x 107 while the solution studies gave 1:2 metal to ligand ratio. Infrared spectra data are diagnostic of bidentate coordination of the ligand via carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen atoms as result of the negative shift in the (C=O) and (C=N) bands. Effective magnetic moment of the complexes is 5.62 B.M, 4.02 B.M. and 1.81 B.M. for Manganese, Cobalt and Copper complexes respectively, the nickel complex is diamagnetic. Electronic spectra of the ligand indicate n * transitions, transition in the manganese complex is spin and orbital forbidden with very low molar absorptivity, nickel complex gave two bands assigned to 3A2g(F) 3T1g(F) and 3A2g(F) 3T1g(P) transition, cobalt complex gave one electronic band assigned to 4T1g(F) 4A2g transition. Copper complex gave one band, assigned to 2Eg 2T2g transition. On the basis of magnetic and electronic spectral of the isolated complexes octahedral geometry has been proposed for the Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes and square planar for the Ni(II) complex. The activities of the complexes against most of the microorganisms were enhanced compared to those of their parent ligand, with some promising potential when compared to the control drugs.
EVALUATING A RELIABLE MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM FOR SITTING BALANCE TREATMENT
Authors: KWAK ALLISON 
Published: August 2022

Rationale: As time spent seated increases, balanced sitting posture is more important now than ever before. Unbalanced sitting posture deteriorates spinal curvature, which can predispose the pathological discs in the back, leading to irreversible damage. An IoT platform was connected to a chair with pressure sensors attached for this microcontroller device that continuously collected the user's sitting data.
Procedures: An Arduino Yun microcontroller board was used to monitor sitting posture with the balance feedback system (BFS), which consisted of reliable pressure sensor kits and an IoT platform. Four pressure sensors were coordinated to acquire sitting pressure using the software algorithm, and data was sent to the Thingspeak server and plotted in real-time. The testing session was divided into three stages to verify the system's performance: pre-BFS stage, BFS-Treatment stage, and post-BFS stage. Each stage consisted of the volunteer sitting in the chair for an hour daily for five consecutive days. During the pre-BFS stage, the volunteer sat in the chair to measure their natural seated pressure distribution without using the application. During the BFS-Treatment stage, the volunteer sat in the chair using the application to review pressure data. For the post-BFS stage, the volunteer did not have access to the application in hopes that they could apply their learnings from the previous stage to sit with corrected posture.
Conclusions: The study concluded that the BFS could monitor the user’s sitting posture and help improve posture to maintain a balanced state. This study can contribute to the prevention of various sitting diseases.
In silicotesting of flavonoids as potential inhibitors of protease and helicase domains of dengue and Zika viruses
Authors: Cruz-Arreola Omar , Orduña-Diaz Abdu , Domínguez Fabiola , Reyes-Leyva Julio , Vallejo-Ruiz Verónica , Domínguez-Ramírez Lenin , Santos-López Gerardo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundDengue and Zika are two major vector-borne diseases. Dengue causes up to 25,000 deaths and nearly a 100 million cases worldwide per year, while the incidence of Zika has increased in recent years. Although Zika has been associated to fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome both it and dengue have common clinical symptoms such as severe headache, retroocular pain, muscle and join pain, nausea, vomiting, and rash. Currently, vaccines have been designed and antivirals have been identified for these diseases but there still need for more options for treatment. Our group previously obtained some fractions from medicinal plants that blocked dengue virus (DENV) infectionin vitro. In the present work, we explored the possible targets by molecular docking a group of molecules contained in the plant fractions against DENV and Zika virus (ZIKV) NS3-helicase (NS3-hel) and NS3-protease (NS3-pro) structures. Finally, the best ligands were evaluated by molecular dynamic simulations.MethodsTo establish if these molecules could act as wide spectrum inhibitors, we used structures from four DENV serotypes and from ZIKV. ADFR 1.2 rc1 software was used for docking analysis; subsequently molecular dynamics analysis was carried out using AMBER20.ResultsDocking suggested that 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCA01), quercetin 3-rutinoside (QNR05) and quercetin 3,7-diglucoside (QND10) can tightly bind to both NS3-hel and NS3-pro. However, after a molecular dynamics analysis, tight binding was not maintained for NS3-hel. In contrast, NS3-pro from two dengue serotypes, DENV3 and DENV4, retained both QNR05 and QND10 which converged near the catalytic site. After the molecular dynamics analysis, both ligands presented a stable trajectory over time, in contrast to DCA01. These findings allowed us to work on the design of a molecule called MOD10, using the QND10 skeleton to improve the interaction in the active site of the NS3-pro domain, which was verified through molecular dynamics simulation, turning out to be better than QNR05 and QND10, both in interaction and in the trajectory.DiscussionOur results suggests that NS3-hel RNA empty binding site is not a good target for drug design as the binding site located through docking is too big. However, our results indicate that QNR05 and QND10 could block NS3-pro activity in DENV and ZIKV. In the interaction with these molecules, the sub-pocket-2 remained unoccupied in NS3-pro, leaving opportunity for improvement and drug design using the quercetin scaffold. The analysis of the NS3-pro in complex with MOD10 show a molecule that exerts contact with sub-pockets S1, S1’, S2 and S3, increasing its affinity and apparent stability on NS3-pro.
Socio-Demographic Variables of People Living with HIV/AIDS Initiated on ART in 2014 at Tertiary Health Institution in Enugu State
Authors: Igwe Matthew Chibunna , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Ogbuabor Alphonsus Ogbonna , Eze Gloria Chizoba , Ikpenwa Justina N. , Eze-Steven P. E. 
Published: August 2022

Background Information: Survival of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased since the emergency of High active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study population consisted of those diagnosed for HIV / AIDS at tertiary health institutions in Enugu State. The total numbers of clients enrolled were 793 and 249 clients were loss to follow up, majority was males. Those initiated on ART were 544. Clients of age <15 years were excluded and they were 31 clients. Finally, 500 clients were selected, males were 138 and female were 362 by simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected from HIV / AIDS patients ART record cards, registers and institutions data units for those initiated on ART in 2014 using a designed proforma. Those clients aged 15 years and above were retrospectively studied between 2014 and 2018 and some of them that survived after five years (60 months) on ART were interviewed by applying simple random sampling technique. Cohort inclusion begins at initiation on ART with follow-up clinical information collected year by year for five years. IBM SPSS statistics version 24.0 was used. Chi square test was used to assess association between categorical variables and the level of statistical significance of the proportions was determined by a P-value less than 0.05. Manual content analysis was used for the interview and probability of dying and surviving analysis.
Results: The mean age (±SD) is 38.8±11.5 years. On outcome of ART, 374 (74.8%) were under care, those loss to follow up were 66 (13.2 %), 29 (5.8%) died within the period of study and 31 (6.2%) were transferred out. Adherence was statistically significant, p<0.001 among clients who had obtained tertiary 105 (92.1%) and secondary, 124 (57.7%) education, who lived within the state with the place of care, 234 (76.0%), and those retired, 12 (63.2%) and the unemployed, 46 (61.3%).
Conclusion: Based on the study, HIV prevalence in Nigeria now appears to have assumed a downward trend following the availability of ART and a relative stability from 2012 to 2018, yet a sustained and more effective intervention is still needed to avert increase incidence by most-at–risk subpopulations in the Enugu State.
Studies of Phytochemicals and In vitro Radical Scavenging Potentials of Six Different Wild Fruits Consumed in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Maduako Maryann Chinenye , Amaefule Kizito Ifeanyi , Ifemeje Jonathan Chinenye 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The study was carried out in order to document the phytochemical contents and radical scavenging capacities of different wild fruits consumed in south eastern Nigeria.
Methods: Phytochemical screening and in-vitro antioxidant studies were carried out using standard method.
Result: The results of quantitative phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, oxalate and cardiac glycosides in varying concentrations. The in vitro antioxidant study showed that African elemi and African velvet tamarind with EC50 1.68 ± 0.03 and 1.81 ± 0.01 µg/ml respectively scavenged DPPH radical more than other extracts compared to ascorbic acid EC50 1.25 ± 0.02 while wild mango (EC50 0.98 ± 0.01 μg/ml), pepper fruits (EC50 1.75 ± 0.02 μg/ml) and date fruit (EC50 1.88 ± 0.01 μg/ml) scavenged hydroxyl radical more than other extracts used in this study. All the extract showed a concentration dependency in reducing ferric iron to ferrous ion, also date fruit (0.11 ± 0.00 μg/ml) had more of the total antioxidant compounds in this study compared to ascorbic acid (0.22 ± 0.01μg/ml).
Conclusion: The high quantity of phytochemicals and radical scavenging capacity of the wild fruits shows their importance in nutrition; therefore wild fruits should be included in our daily diet to improve the quality and nutritional values of food.
Performance of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Genotypes on Growth and Yield under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Zone
Authors: Annie S. L. , Singh Devi , Umesha C. 
Published: August 2022

An experiment was conducted on the Performance of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes on growth and yield under Prayagraj agro-climatic zone at Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, during April 2021 to February 2022. Fifteen genotypes including check variety were evaluated to ascertain the performance of genotypes under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions. The experiment was laid out with 15 genotypes replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. The result of the present investigation, regarding the performance of 15 genotypes Alleppey supreme, Kandi, Kedaram, Lakadong, Megha-1, Prabha, Pragati, Prathibha, Soba, Sona, Sudharsana, Suguna, Suvarna, Varna and UP Local from different sources evaluated for plant growth and yield. The present investigation concluded that the genotype Pragati, performed well in plant growth and yield followed by Sona, and Prabha. In terms of economics, the maximum Cost Benefit ratio (4.78) was recorded in Pragati. Overall results revealed that Pragati was suitable for growing under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions.
Antimicrobial Activities of the Endophytic Fungus, Fusarium equiseti, Isolated from The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum
Authors: Adione Nnamdi Markben , Onyeka Ifeanyi Peter , Abba Chika Christiana. , Okoye Nkeoma Nkasi , Eze Peter Maduabuchi , Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu. , Anyanwu OgechI Ozioma. , Okoye Festus Basden Chiedu 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Fungal endophytes of medicinal plants origin are gaining increasing interest as sources of novel bioactive agents with therapeutic capacity. This study was designed to identify and evaluate secondary metabolites isolated from Fusarium equiseti; an endophytic fungus isolated from leaves of Ocimum gratissimum for their antimicrobial potentials.
Methods: The isolation and molecular identification of the endophytic fungus, as well as fermentation, and extraction of secondary metabolites were carried out following standard laboratory procedures. The crude extract was partially purified by partitioning into different fractions using column chromatographic techniques and the fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity. The phytoconstituents in the bioactive fractions were detected by dereplication using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography linked with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD).
Results: Our findings showed that fraction 4 (DCM/ Methanol fraction 95:5) exhibited moderate to strong inhibition against the test micro-organisms namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with MIC values in the range of 0.03 to 1 mg/mL but had no inhibition against Aspergillus niger and Salmonella typhi. The compounds detected in the HPLC assay include Phomoxanthone A, Scalarolide, equisetin, epi-equisetin an episomer of equisetin, Naamine A, Carbonarone A, destruxin B, cytosporin G, and WLIP (β-hydroxydecanoyl-Leu1-D Glu-De-Thr-Dval-DLeu3 DSer-Leu-Dser-Ile). These compounds have been reported to possess antimicrobial activity.
Conclusion: The detection of these metabolites further confirms the potential of the endophytic fungus, Fusarium equiseti isolated from leaves of Ocimum gratissimum as a potential source of bioactive molecules for treatment of infectious diseases.
Endoscopic Assisted Supraorbital Approach for Tumors of Anterior and Middle Skull Base
Authors: E. Shamia Mohamed , M. Abdelmonem Ahmed , Awad Tariq , E. Negm Nader , M. Kamal Medhat 
Published: August 2022

Background Data: The supraorbital eyebrow approach is a minimally invasive keyhole technique that offers wide access to the anterior skull base and parasellar region using the subfrontal corridor, with assistances of neuroendoscopy The approach through the eyebrow permits access to a number of lesions in the subfrontal corridor with minimal brain retraction and a much smaller area of potential injury of main structures.
Study Design: This study is a follow up study.
Objective: To evaluate the role of supraorbital endoscopic approach for tumors of anterior and middle skull base.
Patients and Methods: All the operations were performed at Suez Canal University hospitals, in about 24 months, the first 30 patients having tumors of anterior and middle skull base fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this prospective study.
Results: Endoscopy can play an important role in improving visualization through the keyhole corridor. With the use of neuroendoscopy, the reach of this approach may be extended even further to include the pituitary fossa, the top third of the clivus, the interpeduncular cistern, the anterior third ventricle, and the medial and anterior temporal lobe and middle fossa.The major advantage of the supraorbital over the endonasal route is a simplified skull base closure and reduced risk of postoperative CSF leak. It is a valuable approach for selected patients. Neuromonitoring may further increase surgical safety.
Conclusion: The approach through the eyebrow permits access to a number of lesions in the subfrontal corridor With the use of the assisstence of neuroendoscopy, with minimal brain retraction and a much smaller area of potential injury of anatomical structures.