bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening leadership capacity: an unaddressed issue in Indian healthcare system
Authors: Gulati Kamal , Singh Angel Rajan , Gupta Shakti Kumar , Sarkar Chitra 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Leadership skills are vital for efficient delivery of health reforms. India, a low- and middle-income country, is transforming its public health care significantly. The health workforce, particularly doctors, however lacks leadership skills. This study aims to highlight the leadership skills gap and raise concerns about how India might achieve its ambitious health reforms in the lack of formal, prospective leadership training for its workforce.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted nine management development programmes between 2012 and 2020 and collected data from 416 (N = 444, 94% response rate) health-care professionals using a questionnaire. Participants were asked to inform leadership challenges that they perceived critical. A total of 47 unique challenges were identified, which were distributed across five domains of American College of Healthcare Executives Competency Assessment Tool (2020). Relevant information was also obtained from review of secondary sources including journal articles from scientific and grey literature and government websites.

Findings
Majority of participants (85.36%) had never attended any management training and were from public sector (56.1%). Mean total experience was 18 years. Top 5 challenges were lack of motivation (54.26%), communication (52.38%), contracts management (48.31%), leadership skills (47.26%) and retention of workforce (45.56%). Maximum challenges (29) were in domain of business skills and knowledge, followed by knowledge of health-care environment (9), leadership, professionalism, and communication and relationship management (3 each).

Originality/value
In absence of the leadership training, senior health professionals particularly doctors in India, suffer leadership challenges. Efforts should be made to strengthen leadership capacity in Indian health-care system to advance the country’s ongoing national health reforms.
Peeping in the minds of MOOCs instructors: using fuzzy approach to understand the motivational factors
Authors: Goel Pooja , Raj Sahil , Garg Aashish , Singh Simarjeet , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: April 2022

PurposeMassive open online courses (MOOCs) are among the most recent e-learning initiatives to gain widespread acceptance among universities. However, despite MOOCs' “much-documented” benefits, many questions are being raised late regarding the long-term sustainability of the open online teaching e-learning model. With high dropout rates in MOOCs courses, recent research has focused on the challenges limiting MOOCs’ growth. But most of the research is directed toward students’ perspectives, leaving the instructors’ perspective. One of the most important aspects of instructors’ perspective is the motivation for MOOCs' development and delivery.Design/methodology/approachThe present study collected the data from 25 MOOC developers of Indian origin. To prioritize or rank the motivational factor behind developing a MOOC, a fuzzy-analytical hierarchical process (F-AHP) technique was applied to the data set. The primary motivational factors considered for the study were professional development, altruism, personal development, institutional development, intrigue, monetary benefits and peer influence.FindingsThe results showed that professional development and personal development are two prime motives that drive MOOCs development. Monetary benefits and peer influence were the least important factors among all the factors considered for the study.Originality/valuePrevious studies have identified and modeled the motivational factors that contribute toward developing MOOCs. However, there was little knowledge about the hierarchy among the motivating factors. The present study fills this gap by establishing the ranking of motivational factors responsible for MOOCs development.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-04-2021-0205.
Effects of the process parameters on the formability and properties of Ni54(at.%) Ti alloys prepared by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Lv Jianran , Shen Hongyao , Fu Jianzhong 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to supplement and upgrade existing research on LPBF of NiTi alloys. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a promising method for fabricating nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) alloys. It is well known that the energy density is mainly adjusted through the scanning speed and laser power. Nevertheless, there is lack in research on the effects of separately adjusting the scanning speed and laser power on the properties of the final Ni–Ti components. On the other hand, although Ni-rich Ni–Ti alloys [such as Ni54(at.%)Ti] have great potential in structural applications because of their high hardness and good shape stability, at present, there are few studies focusing on this grade of Ni–Ti alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, the energy density was adjusted by changing the laser power and scanning speed separately, and the corresponding process parameters were used to fabricate Ni54(at.%)Ti alloys. The formability (including the relative density, impurity content, etc.) and tensile properties of the LPBF Ni54(at.%)Ti alloys fabricated with different combinations of process parameters were analyzed.

Findings
The effects of increasing the laser power and reducing the scanning speed on the properties of the LPBF Ni54(at.%)Ti alloys and the property differences between components manufactured with different combinations of laser power and scanning speed under the same energy density were analyzed. The optimal process parameters were selected to fabricate the components that achieved the highest ultimate tensile strength of 537 MPa, a high relative density of 98.23%, a relatively low impurity content (0.073 Wt.% of carbon and 0.06 Wt.% of oxygen) and an ideal pseudoelasticity (95% recovery rate loaded at 300 MPa).

Originality/value
The effects of increasing the laser power and reducing the scanning speed on the properties of LPBF Ni54(at.%)Ti alloys were studied in this paper. This work is an upgrade and supplement to the existing research on fabricating Ni-rich Ni–Ti alloys by the LPBF method.
Short sequence repeats of the intergenic spacer regions of ribosomal RNA genes in Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta colonizing the scalps of male individuals with and without androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiro , Cho Otomi , Nagahama Tohru , Sugita Takashi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the short sequence repeats (SSRs) of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region 1 of the ribosomal RNA genes in Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta, which predominantly colonize the scalp in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). No AGA‐specific SSRs were found in the M. globosa IGS region, whereas a (CT)6:(AT)8 SSR was predominantly detected in the M. restricta IGS region in the AGA group. Malassezia colonization was higher in the scalps of patients with M. restricta (CT)6:(AT)8 SSRs than in the scalps of patients without M. restricta (CT)6:(AT)8 SSRs. These observations suggest that this specific SSR type in M. restricta is involved in the development or exacerbation of AGA.
Habitat provision is a major driver of native bird communities in restored urban forests
Authors: Elliot Noe Elizabeth , Innes John , Barnes Andrew D. , Joshi Chaitanya , Clarkson Bruce D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Urbanization, and the drastic loss of habitat it entails, poses a major threat to global avian biodiversity. Ecological restoration of urban forests is therefore increasingly vital for native bird conservation, but control of invasive predators may also be needed to sustain native bird populations in cities where species invasions have been particularly severe.

We evaluated restoration success by investigating changes in native bird communities along a restoration chronosequence of 25 restored urban forests representing 72 years of forest development, which we compared to two target reference systems and a control system. We hypothesized that total species richness and relative abundance of native forest birds would increase with the age of restoration planting. We further hypothesized that relative abundance of rats, possums and cats would negatively impact native birds, while amount of native forest in the surrounding landscape would have a positive effect.

We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the relative influence of forest structure (complexity index, tree height, canopy openness, basal area, species richness and density), landscape attributes (patch area, perimeter length, landscape composition within three buffer zones, distance to the nearest road and water source) and invasive mammalian predator indices of relative abundance on total species richness and relative abundance of native forest birds.

Species richness increased with age of restoration planting, with community composition progressing towards that found in target reference systems. SEM revealed that years restored was a direct driver of bird species richness but an indirect driver of abundance, which was directly driven by canopy openness. Contrary to our predictions, invasive mammals had no significant effect on native bird species richness or abundance.

Our results demonstrate that provision and improvement of habitat quantity and quality through restoration is the vital first step to re‐establishing native forest bird communities in cities.
The housing wealth effect: The role of renovations and home improvements
Authors: Caloia Francesco G. , Mastrogiacomo Mauro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper tests whether disregarding home improvements biases the housing wealth effect, that is, the marginal propensity to consume out of housing wealth. We decompose housing wealth changes in their unanticipated and exogenous component by filtering out previously elicited expectations of house prices and by dealing with endogenous home improvements. Results show that the bias is zero due to the zero correlation between home investments and changes in house values. Results are consistent with models with exogenous maintenance and with the evidence that maintenance contrasts depreciation and is mostly value‐preserving. A comparative empirical approach excludes that results are only internally valid.
Sustainable Development Goals and their Fit with Good Governance
Authors: Massey Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis Policy Insight paper places the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of good governance. It explores what constitutes Good Governance, from a public administration perspective, and charts the manner in which SDGs and good governance are linked, before suggesting ways in which governments may achieve the aims of the SDGs. It argues none of the other 15 SDGs can be achieved without the coordination and delivery of SDGs 16 and 17. These are at the core of effective public administration and the provision of good governance. Without sufficient numbers of appropriately trained, competent and incorrupt public administrators, working at the local level, none of the other SDGs are widely achievable. We need to recognise, however, important political issues and definitions of good governance are socially constructed and culturally bound; to seek to impose one version on all others risks failure. The paper discusses some of the criteria used by different stakeholders to judge standards of public services. There is a short discussion about how actual and desired levels of performance are set and by whom and to what extent improvement can be measured by a rise or fall in service standards. In other words, whether perceptions of improvement can be objectively measured. The paper draws on cases from the UN’s annual public service innovation awards as examples.
Knowledge Transfer in the Global South: Reusing or Creating Knowledge in China’s Special Economic Zones in Ethiopia and Cambodia?
Authors: Alves Ana Cristina , Lee Celia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChinese special economic zones (SEZs) have played a key role in attracting massive foreign investment and in facilitating knowledge and technology transfer to local companies. This explains the mushrooming of Chinese‐led SEZs and industrial parks in parts of Southeast Asia and Africa since the early 2000s, and more recently its prominence in the planning of the economic corridors along the Belt and Road Initiative. Our interest in SEZs derives from the fact that they provide novel grounds to investigate the dynamics of knowledge transfer (KT) in South–South exchanges and the extent to which it diverges from more traditional exchanges. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of KT in the Eastern Industrial Zone (EIZ) in Ethiopia, and the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone (SSEZ) in Cambodia. The case studies suggest that, although the provision of training by Chinese investors has added value to the labour force, its transformative impact is limited owing to the concentration on explicit KT modalities at lower skills levels and the top–down approach to KT by Chinese companies. These limitations are largely a function of the wide absorptive capacity gap between China and the host countries studied and the absence of more conducive industrial policies.
Exosomal circDNER enhances paclitaxel resistance and tumorigenicity of lung cancer via targeting miR‐139‐5p/ITGB8
Authors: Li Jinyou , Zhu Tao , Weng Yuan , Cheng Fengyue , Sun Qi , Yang Kejia , Su Zhenyu , Ma Haitao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are regarded as vital regulatory factors in various cancers. However, the biological functions of circDNER in the paclitaxel (PTX) resistance of lung cancer remain largely unexplored.MethodsQuantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to analyze circDNER, miR‐139‐5p, and ITGB8. Cell proliferation was assessed via colony formation and MTT assays. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to assess protein expression. The targeted interaction among circDNER, miR‐139‐5p, and ITGB8 were validated using dual‐luciferase reporter or RNA immunoprecipitation assays.ResultsInhibition of circDNER reduced IC50 of PTX, inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in PTX‐resistant lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, circDNER sponged miR‐139‐5p to upregulate ITGB8 expression. Overexpression of miR‐139‐5p reversed the biological functions mediated by circDNER in PTX‐resistant lung cancer cells. MiR‐139‐5p overexpression suppressed PTX resistance and malignant behaviors of PTX‐resistant lung cancer cells, with ITGB8 elevation rescued the impacts. Moreover, we demonstrated that circDNER was upregulated in plasma exosomes from lung cancer patients. The plasma exosomes derived from these patients are the key factors enhancing the migration and invasion potential of lung cancer cells.ConclusionThe circDNER mediated miR‐139‐5p/ITGB8 axis suppresses lung cancer progression. Our findings suggest that circDNER might act as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
Fluid‐responsiveness, blood volume and perfusion in preoperative haemodynamic optimisation of hip fracture patients; a prospective observational study
Authors: Agerskov Marianne , Sørensen Henrik , Højlund Jakob , Secher Niels H. , Foss Nicolai Bang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative resuscitation strategies in patients with hip fracture (HF) are lacking. We aimed to investigate fluid‐responsiveness, peripheral perfusion index (PPI) and blood volume (BV)‐status in patients with HF undergoing resuscitation in the preoperative phase.MethodsIn a prospective observational study, we evaluated preoperative fluid‐responsiveness, indices of perfusion and BV before and after lumbar epidural analgesia in 50 patients with HF shortly after admittance.ResultsInitially, 18 (36%) patients were fluid‐responsive (≥10% increased SV in response to 250 ml fluid bolus) and 13 (26%) presented hypovolaemia (deviation of measured BV from estimated BV ≤ 0.9). According to fluid‐responsiveness, no difference in absolute values of cardiac index (CI) (2.7 L [2.1–3.3] vs. 2.8 L [2.3–3.4], p = .5) was seen, but cardiac output (CO) rose significantly in the hypovolaemic patients: 9% [5–18] vs. 1% [−3–7], p = .004. After epidural analgesia, 26 (52%) patients were again fluid‐responsive and 15 (30%) were hypovolaemic. CI was now significantly lower in fluid‐responsive patients (2.2 L [1.7–2.7] vs. 2.9 L [2.3–3.5], p = .001). Prior to epidural analgesia, no significant trend towards hypovolaemic patients having lower indices of perfusion was seen. After epidural analgesia, more patients with hypovolaemia presented with PPI≤1.5 (8 (53%) vs. 3 (9%), p = .001) and absolute values of PPI were also significantly lower if IBV was low (1.4 [0.9–3.2] vs. 3.2 [2.4–4.8], p = .01). PPI correlated with hypovolaemia after epidural analgesia (rho 0.4 [0.1–0.7], p = .007).ConclusionsPreoperative fluid‐responsivity in HF patients might be attributable to elements of hypovolaemia and sympathetic compensatory ability conjointly, confounding the use of SV‐guided resuscitation. PPI could be associated with BV, which may support clinicians during perioperative haemodynamic optimisation.
Defining the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in coastal NSW Australia
Authors: Wilson Anna , Goltsman David , Nankervis Jane , Clark Jonathan , Gupta Ruta , Ashford Bruce 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesTo describe the incidence of primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in coastal NSW Australia.MethodsThe design is a case‐controlled study of reported cSCC from 2016 to 2019 within a defined region of coastal southern NSW. Participants include all reported pathological diagnoses of cSCC in patients greater than 20 years of age. The main outcome measures the incidence and relative risk of cSCC.ResultsThe age‐adjusted incidence rate of primary cSCC was 856/105/year. Men over 60 years of age had an age‐adjusted incidence rate of 2875/105/year. Histologically diagnosed invasive SCC samples were included using SNOMED clinical term codes. Keratoacanthomas and SCC in situ SNOWMED codes were not included. SCC in situ results was found within the sample analysis and was offset by including one SCC per annum per person.ConclusionsThe rates of cSCC are far higher than previously reported and demand a reappraisal of our national management of this disease.
Platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase is a biomarker of severe anaphylaxis in children
Authors: Upton Julia E. M. , Hoang Jennifer A. , Leon‐Ponte Matilde , Finkelstein Yaron , Du Yue (Jennifer) , Adeli Khosrow , Eiwegger Thomas , Grunebaum Eyal , Vadas Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited ability to predict the severity of allergic reactions in children. Data derived predominantly from adults have implicated the platelet‐activating factor pathway as a potential contributor to severe anaphylaxis. In this study, we sought to prospectively assess involvement of key components of the platelet‐activating factor pathway in pediatric patients with anaphylaxis.MethodsForty‐six pediatric patients (<18 years) presenting with acute anaphylaxis were assessed. Anaphylaxis severity was graded and serum anaphylaxis markers were measured acutely and in 36 children who returned for follow‐up >4 weeks after their acute presentation. These markers were compared with pediatric laboratory reference sera.ResultsSevere anaphylaxis was experienced by 12/46 (26%) and mild‐moderate anaphylaxis in 34/46 (74%) children. Platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) activity was inversely associated with severe anaphylaxis: 9/12 children with severe anaphylaxis had reduced PAF‐AH activity as compared with 14/34 with mild‐moderate anaphylaxis (p < .05). Furthermore, 3/3 children who required intensive care had markedly reduced mean PAF‐AH (nmol/ml/min) (13.73, 95%CI: 7.42–20.03) versus 20/23 who required ward/emergency department care (17.81, 95%CI: 16.80–18.83; p < .05). In children with anaphylaxis, PAF‐AH during acute anaphylaxis was unchanged relative to the child's basal levels (mean, 17.26, 95%CI: 16.10–18.42 vs 17.50, 95%CI: 16.21–18.78, p = .63) and was lower than healthy pediatric controls (mean 19.21; 95%CI:18.21–20.21; p < .05).ConclusionDecreased serum PAF‐AH activity is a biomarker of severe anaphylaxis. Levels of this enzyme do not change from basal levels during acute anaphylaxis. Our results show that PAF‐AH is a biomarker of anaphylaxis severity in children. This key regulatory enzyme may modulate susceptibility to severe anaphylaxis.
Association of cigarette smoking with retinal capillary plexus: an optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxuan , Yang Kai , Xiao Yunfan , Ye Cong , Zheng Jingwei , Su Binbin , Zheng Yang , Zhang Xinyao , Shi Keai , Li Chunmei , Lu Fan , Qu Jia , Li Ming , Cui Lele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between cigarette smoking and retinal capillary plexus (RCP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to examine whether potential vascular risk factors could impact their association.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, community‐based study. The Jidong Eye Cohort Study included participants aged ≥18 years in the Jidong community (Tangshan city, northern China) from August 2019 to January 2020. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination and completed detailed smoking questionnaires. Retinal vessel density in the superficial and deep RCP was automatically measured using OCTA.ResultsOf the 2598 participants included in the study, 2026 (78.0%) never smoked and 572 (22.0%) had a history of smoking (494 [19.0%] current smokers and 78 [3.0%] former smokers). The median (interquartile range) age was 41 (34–52) years for the non‐smoking group and 45 (35–54.5) years for the smoking group. Multivariable analysis showed that smoking history is associated with a low deep RCP vessel density in the parafovea (β, −0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.82 to −0.24) and four quadrants. Increased smoking pack‐years were associated with reduced deep RCP vessel density in the parafovea (p for trend <0.001) and four quadrants. The significant interaction between diabetes and smoking only was found for superficial RCP vessel density in the parafovea (p for interaction = 0.014) and four quadrants except for the temporal quadrants.ConclusionsCigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for reduced deep RCP vessel density. Our findings imply the potential detrimental effect of smoking on the occurrence of ocular diseases.