bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Early Media Transition in the Middle East
Authors: Sauer Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
More than 1,000 years prior to the ‘print revolution’, a massive media transformation took place in the Middle East, namely, the introduction of paper during the eighth century. Accompanied by several further technological changes, the new writing surface—purportedly brought to Central Asia by Chinese prisoners of war—led to an increasing availability of written sources, an ‘explosion of books’. In this paper, I examine the details of this early media transformation, survey how literary and historical sources discussed this development and give insight into the developments it entailed in just a few centuries. The main part of the paper deals with sources from the Mamluk period (1250–1517) that witnessed a thorough literarization of all parts of communal and personal life.
Meandering Through the Magazine
Authors: Armbrust Walter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the context of the Middle East, conventionally, ‘new media’ have been viewed as digital media that have emerged over roughly the past two to three decades. The advent of any new medium has always disrupted the affordances of existing media—a fact widely recognized in historically inflected media studies. My paper explores the illustrated magazine in interwar Egypt. In this case the form of the printed artifact itself necessitated novel reading practices; this made it both distinctive in the field of print culture, and legible by means used to analyze audiovisual and digital media. I explore the illustrated magazine through a close reading of a single issue of al-Ithnayn, a popular variety magazine from the mid-1930s; I show how such concepts as flow, remediation and hypertextuality help us understand the cultural and sensory impact of such materials, and particularly their key position between audiocentric and ocularcentric reading cultures. The significance of al-Ithnayn cannot be reduced to a generic instantiation of what had by that time become a global medium. It also expressed social tensions of its time and facilitated readers’ own negotiations with a broad emergence of new media beyond the magazine itself.
‘Translating’ Orality and Sociability into Print
Authors: Winckler Barbara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Beirut-based women’s magazine al-Mar’a al-Jadida (The new woman, 1921–1927), edited by Julia Tu‘ma Dimashqiyya, regularly published articles that reported on cultural events, summarizing and quoting from speeches and poems delivered during the meetings of Jami‘at al-Sayyidat (the Women’s League) or in other forums. In this paper I examine how these forms of orality and sociability were ‘translated’ into print, and for what purpose. While journals of the Nahda period (late nineteenth/early twentieth century) are usually considered primarily educational media and forums for controversial debates, I argue, based on an analysis of selected articles from al-Mar’a al-Jadida, that these texts strongly express the aim of the journal editor and the contributors to build a community of shared values. Inspired by research in media studies that speaks against both media determinism and notions of media purity, in this paper I look at the interplay between the journal and more ephemeral forms of communication. Drawing on recent trends in periodical research that project journals as more than mere vessels for texts and other content, I examine al-Mar’a al-Jadida as a form and a media actor in its own right.
Early Egyptian Radio
Authors: Fahmy Ziad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article historically traces some of Egypt’s early private radio stations which operated from the late-1920s until May 1934 when they were all forcefully shut down by the Egyptian government. It sheds light on this important early period in Egyptian media history and highlights the role of many unacknowledged early radio pioneers. More importantly, the article analyzes the early forced transition to government-controlled radio and the impact this sudden shift must have had on the owners, producers and listeners of these stations as well as its broader implications on Egypt’s media landscape. This top-down transition from media-capitalism to what I call media-etatism started with radio in the 1930s and, later on under Gamal Abdel Nasser, expanded to print and other media, exemplifying state control of media in Egypt for at least an entire generation.
Relaunching the Arab Intellectual
Authors: Albers Yvonne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One year after the 1967 June War, also known as al-naksa, the Syrian poet Adunis announced the launching of a new cultural journal: Mawaqif. The article discusses how that launch in 1968 became the point of culmination in the poet’s strategy to emancipate himself from the poetry journal Shiʿr after resigning from its editorial board in 1964. A close examination of Adunis’s public interventions before and right after 1967 and Mawaqif’s subsequent first issue will show how crisis narratives and the practice of periodical editing serve cultural actors as a strategy of intellectual self-fashioning to gain a distinct position in the cultural field of their time. Mawaqif would accordingly emerge not as a cultural product of the ‘crisis’ that the June War has allegedly constituted but as one of the cultural producers of this moment as a crisis.
Public and Private Diaries
Authors: Pepe Teresa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes a number of Egyptian blogs in relation to their print ancestors, in particular private notebooks written by young effendis in the 1920s and public fictional diaries serialized in the periodical press in the same period in Egypt. It compares the media transition taking place in Egypt in the early 2000s following the adoption of blogging and social media to the one occurring in the early decades of the twentieth century following the popularization of printed products. Using theories from media studies and rhetorical studies, it shows how the blog inherits some of the formal and stylistic features of private diaries as well as their anti-authoritarian attitude. Yet it also shows how compared to its ancestors, the blog favors an unprecedented exposure of personal, private issues in public, turning self-writing into a social, communicative activity. Similarly, autofiction and subversive styles of writing are techniques that bloggers borrow from the fictional print diaries in order to write about their private lives in public. However, digital tools, with their mode of circulation, temporality and increasing exposure to state and informal censorship, make it increasingly difficult for bloggers to keep a room of their own.
Arabic Prose Poetry
Authors: Fayek Nevine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article attempts to outline the most significant linguistic and conceptual transformations brought about by the developing periodical press and the translation movement in Egypt toward the beginning of the twentieth century. Both these phenomena entailed the need for new writing practices, which in turn led to intense discussions about the form and status of the literary/poetic text. While poetry constitutes the core of this discussion, the most relevant conceptual transformation that shall be highlighted here is the unprecedented move to involve prose as an equal component or tool of expression into the debate on how to (re)define poetry.
Post-Soviet Believers in Migration
Authors: Penttilä Maija Tuuli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding of space is central in migrant identity-building and integration to a host society. Identity also relates to time, which is effectuated by memory. This article shows how the interplay between religiosity and space may be central to believers’ identity narratives. Religiosity and memories of the past may affiliate migrants to a specific country. Through narrative analysis, I have shown five different ways Russian speakers from various denominations in Finland affiliate spatially—whether to the past country which does not exist anymore, country of origin, two home countries, host country or the global society. Each narrative has its own way of memorizing. The article shows multiplicity in Russian-speaking believers’ life courses and present-day identity-building in Finland. The article also demonstrates, in a migration situation, the effect on identity narratives of denominational background and recognition as sectarian or necessity of remediation.
Muslim Women’s Narratives of Veiling and Identity in Post-Soviet Contexts
Authors: Shisheliakina Alena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Based on ethnographic materials, the article discusses Muslim women’s narratives as an expression of the process of identity negotiation in the post-Soviet cultural context. Muslim women’s narratives based on Islamic, ethnic, gendered epistemologies are intertwined with each other and hybrid. Muslim-Tatar women’s identity as women, Muslims and Tatars is tied together, while simultaneously being fragmented and peripheral to male identity. Since the Russian state imbues veiling with political meaning, Muslim women identity is politicized, therefore veiling as a part of Muslim-Tatar women’s identity is negotiated not only inside of the Muslim-Tatar community, but outside due to external discourses.
The Quest for Survival, Cohesion and Voice for the Muslim Minority in Maniema, dr Congo
Authors: Leinweber Ashley E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The history of the Congolese Muslim minority was one of marginalization. Islam arrived in the Maniema province of eastern Congo in the pre-colonial period with Swahili-Arab traders in search of ivory and slaves. Congolese Muslims experienced intense repression during Belgian colonial rule, resulting in detachment from politics and the state. In addition, deep internal divisions at local, provincial, and national levels riddled the community for decades. Surprisingly, in the post-war period the Muslim minority became increasingly active, as evidenced by a proliferation of Islamic associations. This article analyzes the Muslim minority in Maniema by focusing on their survival during historic marginalization from the state, their cohesion to overcome internal divisions, and their search for a voice to engage in social and political life. It argues that while the Congolese Muslim minority was successful at survival, the quest to form a cohesive community able to speak with one voice has remained mostly elusive.
The Ahmadis of Cape Town and the Spectre of Heresy: Polemics, Apostates and Boycotts
Authors: Mahomed Nadeem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The principal issue which this paper addresses is the identity and status of the minority Ahmadi community within the larger majoritarian Sunni Muslim community in Cape Town (itself a minority in the country), which was characterised by hostility, violence and exclusion perpetrated against the Ahmadi community. By examining archival material, local Muslim publications and interviews regarding events that transpired during the 1960s, I will argue that the tools of public avowal and socio-economic boycotts were wielded as weapons to buttress the authority of a Sunni clerical leadership as custodians of an orthodox Islamic heritage and a Sunni iteration of Islamic theology and Muslim life against what was considered to be a heretical manifestation in the form of Ahmadiyyat.
Between the Local and the Global: The Iranian Revolution and Sunni-Shia Relations in South Africa
Authors: Vahed Goolam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article charts the contours of Sunni-Shia relations in South Africa, with a particular focus on the period since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which was received positively by many Muslims in a context of American hegemony globally and heightened anti-apartheid political activism locally. The growth of Saudi Arabian funded religious organisations within the Sunni majority community, and similar investment by Iran in emerging and existing Shia communities have fuelled relations between Sunni and Shia globally. This article considers the increasing tensions between Shias and mainstream Sunni Ulema in South Africa. The period has been witness to growing anti-Shia discourse, a physical attack against worshippers in a Shia mosque and a failed attempt at a truce. The growth in broadcast and social media and religious transnationalism have exacerbated historic fissures and antagonism, and these tensions seem destined to deepen and spread in the period ahead.
Triple Helix Twins: Operationalizing the Sustainability Agenda in the Northern Black Forest National Park in Germany
Authors: Gebhardt Christiane , Almeida Mariza , Etzkowitz Henry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) gives policy recommendations based on scientific research and agreed climate targets. We outline the concepts and requirements for implementing the sustainability goals. The Triple Helix Twin model is tested as method to analyze the governance of environmental policy formation and implementation. The model is applied to the controversial case of creating the large-scale natural area Northern Park Black Forest in Germany in the period of 2011 to 2014. The protected zone was set up employing criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN (Category II National Parks). The findings indicate that the creation of protected areas need the participation of stakeholders to address so-called wicked problems that arise between diverse social needs and science based expert knowledge. Findings contribute to the operationalization of the Triple Helix Twins (THT) model for analysing policy impact and transformational governance. We recommend to employ the Triple Helix Twins for future comparative research of the transition from high level concept to local realization.
Primal consonants and the evolution of consonant inventories
Authors: Bybee Joan , Easterday Shelece 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lindblom and Maddieson (1988) observe that “basic” consonants occur in all consonant inventories, but that larger inventories additionally include “elaborated” consonants, which depart from neutral phonation modes, places, and manners of articulation. The hypothesis that larger inventories arise from the smaller ones via sound change is tested here using a database of phonetic processes cataloged from a sample of 81 genealogically diverse languages. The database contains processes that create a large majority of the proposed articulatory elaborations, strongly supporting this hypothesis. We further examine the question of whether the basic consonants are also created by sound change. Our somewhat surprising finding is that certain basic consonants (/p t k b d g m n ŋ s l/) are very rarely created anew, raising questions about how they come to be common in consonant inventories and how they survive processes of sound change and lexical replacement over long periods of time.
Role of heterosis for photosynthetic traits and sink organs in seed yield enhancement in safflower
Authors: Anjani K. , Pasala Ratnakumar , Sudhakara Babu S.N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Genetic basis of heterosis has been exploited for yield improvement in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) but little is known about physiological basis of heterosis for yield. The objective of this study was to quantify the physiological basis of heterosis for seed yield in safflower by examining 19 safflower hybrids and their parents for photosynthetic traits, and yield and its components. The results showed that heterosis for yield and its components was high and positive but was low and negative for photosynthetic traits in most of the hybrids studied. There were weak and non-significant relations between photosynthetic traits and yield and its components. Hybrids were more efficient in translocating photoassimilates to two major sink organs viz., number of seeds and number of capitula despite having low net photosynthesis than parents. Seed yield increase in safflower is more sink-than source-limited and was necessary through heterosis for sink organs. Heterosis breeding for larger sink size with parallel increase in effectiveness of sink organs in translocation of photo-assimilates is suggested for yield improvement in safflower.
The Development of a STEAM Program about Global Energy with a Focus on Democratic Citizenship
Authors: Park Young-Shin , Mun Kongju , Hwang Yohan , Green James 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study explored democratic citizenship (DC) for students by developing a DC framework (DCF) with eight components. We employed the DCF to examine what and how much DC was included in Korean science textbooks and lab books focused on the topic of energy for Grades K–12. We found different DC components were included at different grade levels and some components were not present at all. To help address the uneven distribution of these components, we developed four DC inclusive science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) books related to the topic of energy. These books were designed with the DCF to foster rich DC learning experiences in school science. We engaged 13 teachers as consultants in a validation process when developing the DC inclusive STEAM books. This study describes the development and implementation of the DCF for preparing supplemental science curriculum materials that can improve students’ appreciation for DC.
Illiterature as World Literature
Authors: Kebsi Jyhene 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper looks at the field of world literature through the lens of the narratives of paperless migrants. I propose a paradigm of world literary texts that criticize the barriers preventing or restricting Southern border crossers’ ability to circulate freely in this so-called global village. Hakim Abderrezak coined the neologism “illiterature” in order to refer to the literature of “illegal” migration. This paper situates illiterature within the ongoing debate over the redefinition of world literature. It sheds light on contemporary theorizations of world literature in order to show that illiterature represents a transnational genre that incarnates a cross-national interaction exemplary of a world literary model that criticizes the hierarchy of mobility and the unequal access to movement.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Diplomatic Recognition of Taiwan, 1950–2016
Authors: Rich Timothy S. , Dahmer Andi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
What explains why some countries recognise Taiwan despite attempts by the People’s Republic of China to pressure some to switch recognition? We argue for moving beyond ‘dollar diplomacy’ claims to unpack additional economic influences that might help explain why some states favour Taiwan. Using cross-national evidence from all countries (1950–2016), we find multiple economic factors influencing recognition and conclude that Taiwan’s comparative success in certain regions cannot be explained by broad structural factors.
‘No One at School Can Speak Pangcah’: Family Language Policy in an Indigenous Home in Taiwan
Authors: Lakaw Sifo , Friedman P. Kerim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Olic is one of the only members of her generation to be raised speaking Pangcah (Amis) as her first language. Through an exploration of how one family is fighting to save this endangered Austronesian language, we analyse the challenges facing Indigenous language revitalisation in Taiwan. Particular attention is paid to the child’s transition from the home to formal—Mandarin-medium—schooling. In doing so, we draw on recent work that emphasises the agency of children in shaping family language policy (also referred to as ‘family language planning’). How do children’s experiences at school shape their—and other family members’—linguistic behaviour at home? After comparing Taiwan’s current family language policy to similar efforts elsewhere, we conclude by arguing that taking children’s agency seriously means that family language policy must be combined with changes in formal schooling as well—changes that are best implemented by the Indigenous communities themselves.
Toward the Platformization of African Film Distribution? Netflix in Nigeria
Authors: Jedlowski Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This essay provides an analysis of the impact of Netflix on the African screen media sector, by focusing on the Nigerian film industry (Nollywood). It follows the invitation to study Netflix in specific socio-historical and national contexts that several scholars have formulated over the past few years as a way to respond to the complexity of the emerging landscape of internet-distributed television. In order to achieve this objective, the essay focuses on the impact of Netflix’s involvement on the production and distribution of Nigerian content, offering also a few insights on the equally important topic of Netflix’s impact on African audiences. The overall aim is to historicize Netflix’s intervention, detailing the phases of its involvement in Nigeria, its specificities in relation to the intervention of previous local and international actors in the field of content production and distribution (on both streaming and digital television networks), and the controversies its arrival triggers among film professionals in the largest African screen media industry.
A new species of an unexplored diatom genus: Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. (Cymbellales, Rhoicospheniaceae)
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-PAZ LORENA , ALMEIDA SALOMÉ F.P. , BLANCO SAÚL , DELGADO CRISTINA 
Published: July 2022

Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. is a new freshwater diatom described from central Portugal, found in samples from a mountain stream. The species is described here based on light and scanning electron microscopy. This taxon is compared with other Gomphosphenia taxa such as G. fontinalis, G. lingulatiformis and G. tackei. Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. is characterized by clavate to linear-lanceolate valves with rounded apices and a wide axial area not clearly separated from the central area. This taxon can be confused with G. fontinalis in terms of length and the shape of the central and axial area but they can be easily differentiated because the new species is narrower and the stria density is lower. The new species was found in low abundance in February 2012 and the stream had low electric conductivity levels, neutral pH values, low water temperature and low nutrient content.