bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of Ethylene and Cellulase Activity to Abscission of Freeze-Injured Citrus Fruit1
Authors: Young Roger 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Freeze-injured citrus fruit produced above-normal amounts of ethylene 1 to 4 days after injury. Elevated ethylene levels were often found in fruit 3 weeks after injury. Cellulase activity in the abscission zone increased 4 to 8 days after injury and preceded abscission. Some severely injured fruit that did not abscise were responsive to abscission-inducing chemicals. High internal ethylene content did not correlate as well with abscission as did high rates of abscission-zone cellulase activity.
Effect of Daylength on the Growth and Flowering of Roses (Rosa hybrida)1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Rodriguez R. C. , Carlson W. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Four greenhouse rose cultivars were grown under 9, 12, and 16-hr daylengths from September to May during 1969-70 and 1970-71. Flower production was generally increased significantly under the 16-hr daylength, particularly during January and February. At this day length, rose stems flowered again more quickly, but with the same number of nodes present as in the other treatments. The internode between the 2 uppermost 5-leaflet leaves was significantly longer on plants grown at 16 and 12 hr than the 9-hr daylengths. Flower fresh and dry wt increased as the daylengths increased from 9 to 16 hr and the percentages of blind stems were found to decrease. Rose leaf and flower petal size were unchanged by the daylength.
Natural Crossing in Lens esculenta Moench1
Authors: Wilson V. E. , Law A. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Five selected lines of lentils (Lens esculenta Moench.) were used to determine percentages of natural crossing. First generation seed was classified into S1 and F1 groups after recessive fluorescent yellow cotyledonous maternal flowers were crossed naturally with pollen for dominant red cotyledonous flowers. Natural pollination between lines ranged from 0.01 to 0.08%. No F1 seed was produced on plants inside of wire screened cages although the cages included honeybees, air-borne pollen and maternal and paternal plants having alleles for yellow and red cotyledons, respectively. This indicates that neither honeybees nor air-borne pollen are major factors in natural cross pollinations. Seed yields from caged plants indicate that lentils are highly self-pollinated and need no agent to assist self-pollination.
Cation and Nitrate Accumulation in Pea and Cucumber Plants as Influenced by Nitrogen Nutrition1
Authors: Barker Allen V. , Maynard Donald N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The accumulation of cations and NO3-N was higher in cucumber shoots than in pea shoots grown on nitrate nutrition. Total N concn in shoots did not differ between the species. Ammonium nutrition suppressed cation accumulation in cucumbers but not in peas. Differences in cation accumulation in the shoots are attributed to the form in which N is translocated from root to shoot.
Effects of Some Endogenous and Exogenous Growth Regulators on Plum Seed Dormancy1
Authors: Lin C. F. , Boe A. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Radicle growth of stratified Italian plum seeds (Prunus domestica cv. Italian) was inhibited when treated with extracts of unstratified plum seeds. An inhibitor was identified by gas-liquid chromatography as abscisic acid (ABA). Analyses of stratified seeds showed that gibberellin-like substances increased and ABA decreased during a 90-day period. Intact unstratified seeds did not germinate when treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and N-6-benzyladenine (N-6-BA), however, these materials did promote germination of unstratified seeds with testas removed.
Excessively High Temperatures of Seed Onion Umbels1
Authors: Tanner C. B. , Goltz S. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High temp may adversely affect onion seed production since the occurrence of physiological damage to the umbel, resembling sunscald, is associated with a reduction in the number of viable seeds produced. Temperature measurements show that the portion of the umbel directly facing the sun is the hottest plant part. Ovary temp as high as 60°C (140°F) have been observed at the “hot spot”, which would denature many plant enzymes. A method was developed from Wisconsin data for estimating the max and min possible temp of the umbel “hot spot” using only air temp and wind speed. This method was successful in predicting max and min umbel temp measured at Parma, Idaho. The temp rise of the hot spot above air temp is inversely proportional to the 2/3 power of wind speed. The cooling efficiency of the wind is not only a function of its speed but also of where it impinges on the umbel relative to the location of the “hot spot”; thus the direction of the sun and wind must be known to compute the actual hot spot temp, rather than the possible max and min extremes. When wind speed and direction, air temp, and hot spot location (or sun angles) are known, umbel temp can be predicted within 2 to 3°C.
The above results apply to “tight”, spherical umbels. “Loose” umbels will heat above air temp only about 1/5 as much as “tight” umbels; consequently, they are subject to much less heat stress.
Relationships Between Components Contributing to Quality Variation Among Tomato Lines1
Authors: Stevens M. Allen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flavor evaluation studies with ‘Campbell 146’ and ‘Campbell 1327’ indicated that 2-isobutylthiazole concn and solids/acid ratio are important to the flavor difference between these 2 cultivars.
Fifty-five tomato lines from divergent sources were analyzed to study relationships among components contributing to quality variation. There were highly significant correlations among major components contributing to solids. As total solids increased, the proportion of reducing sugars, the predominant organic compounds, increased. Despite a highly significant negative correlation between pH and titratable acidity, there was a wide range in the [H+]/titratable acidity ratio. The data indicate that differential buffering is primarily responsible for this variation and that phosphate content of the fruit is a prime factor in differential buffering. Citrate, but not malate, concn was correlated with titratable acidity.
Estimates of Genetic and Environmental Effects on Several Traits in Peach1
Authors: Hansche P. E. , Hesse C. O. , Beres V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Estimates were obtained of the means, variances, and heritabilities of 10 commercially important traits from approx 200 parents and their more than 2,000 offspring observed over a period of 8 years. After adjustment of measurements for the effects of yearly variations in climate, heritabilities were found to be very high for ripe date; high for bloom date, amount of bloom, fruit length, suture, and cheek; modest for fruit firmness and acidity; and low for percent soluble solids and crop. The implications of these results on the design and execution of breeding programs in such crops are discussed.
Appearance and Quality Characters in Muskmelon Fruit Evaluated by a Ten-Cultivar Diallel Cross1
Authors: Lippert L. F. , Legg P. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ten cultivars of muskmelon were evaluated in a diallel cross at 3 locations during a single season for net appearance, absence of vein tract depression (sutures), rind thickness, percent soluble solids, percent flesh, and shape index (length/width). Variances among crosses were significant for all traits. Significant heterosis was favorable for percent soluble solids, but unfavorable for net appearance and shape index. General combining ability accounted for a greater portion of the variability among crosses than did specific combining ability, although both effects were highly significant for each of the traits. Crosses correlated favorably with cultivar performance for net appearance, vein tracts, and percent flesh. The combination of certain cultivars into a synthetic population for further improvement of muskmelon is discussed.
Diallel Analyses for Yield and Maturity Characteristics in Muskmelon Cultivars1
Authors: Lippert L. F. , Legg P. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The diallel cross was used to evaluate 10 muskmelon cultivars for several characteristics related to maturity, fruit size, and yield. From data obtained in 2 or 3 locations, both additive gene action (general combining ability, GCA) and nonadditive effects (specific combining ability, SCA) were significant in crosses for expression of days to 1st fruit harvested and avg wt of 1st 3 fruits harvested. GCA was significant for all traits when evaluated from single location data, and was more important than SCA for explaining differences among crosses. Heterosis was significant and favorable for 1st fruit harvested, avg wt of 1st 3 fruits and wt of all fruits per plant, but unfavorable for days between 1st and 3rd fruits harvested. Evaluation of these cultivars and predicted values for the characters in synthetic breeding populations formed from selected parents are presented. Breeding schemes for population improvement and cultivar development in muskmelon are discussed.
Effect of Intermittent Mist on Development of Fall Color in Foliage of Euonymus alatus Sieb. ‘Compactus’1
Authors: Lee Choong Il , Tukey H. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’ was grown under intermittent water mist for 2-4 months in autumn, the development of red foliage color was inhibited and dormancy and leaf abscission were delayed even during 4 weeks of cold temp (5°C) after the mist. Leaf tissues of misted Euonymus had a lower content of anthocyanins, total sugars, soluble N, and K and a higher content of starch, protein N, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, flavonols, flavans, leucoanthocyanins, and total phenolic substances than did non-misted plants. Substances involved in anthocyanin synthesis such as sugars, K, flavonoid compounds, and growth inhibitors were leached from the Euonymus by the mist. When the leached substances were added back to leaf discs from the misted leaves, anthocyanin content was equal to or greater than in leaf discs from non-misted plants. These results explain why rainfall in autumn reduces the intensity of red foliage coloration in Euonymus and perhaps other ornamental plants by leaching of metabolites, thus delaying the onset of dormancy and leaf senescence and inhibiting anthocyanin synthesis.
Postharvest Benomyl and Thiabendazole Treatments, Alone and With Scald Inhibitors, to Control Blue and Gray Mold in Wounded Apples1
Authors: Hardenburg R. E. , Spalding D. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Benomyl and thiabendazole (TBZ), at concn of 1,000 ppm, were compatible with commercial scald inhibitors (2,700 ppm ethoxyquin or 2,000 ppm diphenylamine). No injury was observed on ‘ Delicious’ or ‘Stayman’ apples given combined treatments and stored 5 months at 0°C plus 6 or 7 days at 21°C. Effectiveness of fungicide and scald inhibitor was not altered when combined.
Both benomyl and TBZ used as 10-15 sec dip treatments at 500 ppm controlled decay due to blue mold (Penicillium expansum) and gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) at puncture wounds in inoculated apples. They were less effective in controlling decay at bruises unless suspensions were heated in a range of 29°-45°C (84°-l 13°F) and used as a 2-min dip. Unheated benomyl was more effective than unheated TBZ in reducing blue mold at bruises. TBZ was less effective in controlling decay at punctures when treatment was delayed 24 hr after inoculation. TBZ added to water contaminated with blue mold spores, as in a dump tank, controlled decay at skin punctures but not at bruises during subsequent storage. Neither benomyl nor TBZ controlled Alternaria rot, which often developed at punctures when blue and gray mold rot were controlled.
Biosynthesis of Terpenes in Cell-Free Extracts from Tulip and ‘Wedgwood’ Iris1
Authors: Staby George L. , De Hertogh A. A. , Amedeo Alpi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cell-free extracts which incorporated mevalonate-2-14C into terpenes were obtained from Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Ralph and Iris hollandica Hoog cv. Wedgwood. The richest source of the enzyme system was the shoot, specifically the stamens, from tulip and the shoot from iris. Scale and root tissue of iris and scales of tulip were also active but to a lesser extent. Time-course studies with tulips showed that the system could be extracted as long as the flower was not aborted and at any time prior to placing the plants in the greenhouse (light). Similar studies with iris indicated that an active system could be obtained from the onset of precooling to anthesis.
Ethylene in Apple and Pear Experimental CA Chambers1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. , Cadun O. , Tamura T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethylene levels in experimental 2 bushel chambers held at 32 and 38°F were related to length of storage period, CO2 level, technique for controlling CO2, cultivar stored and the presence or absence of ethylene scrubbing material. No consistent fruit responses were noted.
Changes in Soluble Solids, Red Pigment Content, and Firmness of Table Beet Cultivars with Growing Time and Season1
Authors: Shannon S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Changes in soluble solids, red pigment, and firmness of 2 table beet cultivars with growing time were evaluated during 3 seasons. In 1969 and 1970 there were significant cultivar differences in soluble solids. There were significant changes in soluble solids with growing time all 3 seasons due primarily to drought. Highly significant differences existed in the red pigment content of cultivars. Red pigment content of the roots increased with growing time during 2 seasons, but the opposite was true during the 3rd season. Firmness of the processed product increased greatly with growing time during all 3 seasons. There was a highly significant difference in firmness of 2 cultivars grown all 3 seasons. All 3 quality attributes varied with root size, small roots having higher soluble solids and red pigment contents and slightly lower firmness than medium sized roots.
Free Amino Acid Responses of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. cv. Eckespoint D-7 to Fertilization, Chlormequat Levels and Tissue Harvest Date1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Vines H. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chlorotic foliage of Euphorbia pulcherrima did not contain substantially higher levels of free amino acids than normal non-chlormequat treated foliage, and in some cases levels were lower indicating inhibition rather than protein degradation.
Free amino acids detected and measured in µ/g fresh wt included glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, cystine, proline and phenylalanine.
The high fertilizer rates stimulated chlorophyll regeneration after damage from phytotoxic spray application of chlormequat and was closely correlated with amino acids im portant in N metabolism.
Reversion in Sports of ‘Rhode Island Greening’ Apple1
Authors: Charlotte Pratt , Einset J. , Gilmer R. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nonsported ‘Rhode Island Greening’ consistently produced its characteristic smooth and symmetrical fruits following ionizing irradiation or vegetative propagation, except for a low incidence of russet-fruited scions in one irradiation experiment. Three russet-fruited sports consistently produced russet fruits after either irradiation or propagation, as in the original limb, but more than half of the scions of another russet sport bore nonrusset fruits following either irradiation or propagation. Two sports with furrowed fruits, when irradiated, pruned severely, disbudded or propagated, produced smooth, symmetrical fruits on 0 - 100% of the scions or branches, with an incidence of 0 - 11% russet-fruited scions in one irradiation experiment. Three sports with russet-furrowed fruits, when irradiated, disbudded or propagated, produced a graduated series of fruits ranging from russet-furrowed to furrowed to smooth and symmetrical, with an incidence of 0 - 8% russet-fruited scions in one irradiation experiment. Another sport with russet-furrowed fruits was stable in limited observations. There was no evidence that variation in fruit type was related to virus infection. The sports are hypothesized to be periclinal chimeras with a mutation for russet in layer I of the apical meristem (unstable sports) or in layers I and II (stable sports), or with a mutation for furrowing in layer III (sports with furrowed fruits) or in layers II and III (sports with russet-furrowed fruits). The appearance of russet fruits in irradiation experiments with nonrusset clones was considered to be the result of new mutation.
Influence of Pruning at Various Dates on Peach Tree Mortality
Authors: Prince V. E. , Horton B. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a site with a history of short life of peach trees, brown discoloration of trunk cambial area was greater in trees pruned in November or December than in trees pruned in January. Trees pruned in February had less discoloration than those pruned in January. Mortality was greater among trees pruned in November or December than among those pruned in January. Mortality was less in trees pruned in February than those pruned earlier. However, there was little injury and no tree death when trees were pruned on different dates on a site with no short life problem.
Factors Influencing the Level of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide Residues in Apple Fruits1
Authors: Looney N. E. , Williams K. , Wardle G. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The level of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) in ‘Spartan’ apples treated according to commercial practice with Alar-854 was higher in fruits treated in July or August than in fruits sprayed in late May, when measured at harvest and after storage. SADH was very persistent in apples stored at 0°C. Fruit from trees treated at comparable times in 2 seasons did not have higher SADH residues than those treated only in the second season, but fruit size reduction was more severe following some treatments applied in both years. Adding the wetting agent Tween 20 to the spray solutions increased uptake of SADH in most experiments as evidenced by increased fruit residue levels.
Cranberry Growth Related to Tissue Concentration and Soil Test Phosphorus1
Authors: Greidanus T. , Dana M. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phosphorus stress caused a general restriction of growth, pinkish tips and purplish leaves and was associated with low tissue P concn. Phosphorus concn for severe deficiency ranged from 0.034 to 0.08%, hidden hunger occurred from 0.09 to 0.11%, and sufficiency 0.12 to 0.27%. Phosphorus removed from the nutrient solutions was recovered in the plants. Soil test P at 50-70 kg/ha did not limit growth.
Effects of Crop Load, Girdling, and Auxin Application on Alternate Bearing of the Pistachio1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Nelson M. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alternate bearing in the pistachio, in contrast to other tree fruit species, is caused by abscission of abundant inflorescence buds during the heavy crop year. Bud abscission was found to increase as the number of nuts per branch increased. Branch girdling between the developing nuts on 1-year-old wood and the inflorescence buds on current wood reduced bud abscission to practically the same extent as that resulting from removing the young nuts from the branches. Application of para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid delayed but did not alter the degree of bud abscission. The greater the crop load in 1970, the shorter the shoot growth in length in 1971.
Phytotoxicity and Growth Responses of Ornamental Bedding Plants to Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: Adedipe N. O. , Barrett R. E. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
No appreciable signs of phytotoxicity were observed for 4 days following fumigation of plants (including begonias, petunias, snapdragons) with ozone of up to 80 parts per hundred million (pphm) or sulfur dioxide of up to 400 pphm for 2 hr. Thereafter, there was considerable necrosis, particularly on begonias fumigated with the highest concn of the pollutants. Growth suppression was reflected in reduced shoot and flower wt, and to a lesser degree in reduced flower number. Overall, begonias and petunias were the most sensitive. Coleus and snapdragons were moderately sensitive, while marigold, celosia, impatiens and salvia were tolerant. ‘White Tausendschon’ was the most sensitive begonia cultivar while blue-flowered ‘Capri’ was the most sensitive petunia. Mixed color petunias exhibited varying degrees of tolerance. ‘Scarlet Rainbow’ coleus was more sensitive than ‘Pastel Rainbow’. Measurements of growth alterations in plants were found very useful in determining latent forms of air pollutant injury.
Respiratory Quotients of Irradiated Fruits1
Authors: Ahmed E. M. , Dennison R. A. , Green G. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An automatic sampling system for monitoring CO2 evolution and O2 uptake of irradiated fruits under a continuous air flow was used. All fruits showed increased respiratory activities immediately following irradiation. The respiratory activities of irradiated tomatoes and strawberries decreased within 24 hr following irradiation, while those of oranges and grapefruit remained at elevated levels. The respiratory quotients (RQ) of irradiated citrus fruits were higher than those for control fruits, while those of tomatoes and strawberries were not. All RQ values were less than unity.
Modification of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide Growth Inhibition of Bean Plants by Surfactants1
Authors: Schönherr Jörg , Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of surfactants on spray retention and penetration of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) were determined by following growth inhibition of the first and second internode following SADH treatment of the primary leaves of an indeterminant bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Blue Lake) plant. Surfactants (0.1%) decreased the retention of the SADH treating solution by the primary leaves thus reducing the potential dose delivered. The initial rate of SADH penetration was increased with surfactants, but the total amount penetrating was not significantly altered. Internode elongation of the ‘Blue Lake’ bean was enhanced by surfactants per se. Surfactant enhanced penetration of SADH resulted in increased inhibition of internode extension only when the absorption period was limited to 4 hr or less.
Tetraploid Progenies from 2x X 4x Crosses of Citrus and Their Origin1
Authors: Esen Asim , Soost Robert K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The analysis of ploidy levels in progenies from 2x X 4x crosses during embryogenesis and after germination of the seeds indicates that they are mixtures of triploids and tetraploids. The frequency of tetraploids varies from 6 to 94% depending on the pistillate parents used. Chromosome number determinations in the embryo and endosperm of sectioned young seeds provide conclusive evidence that the megagametophytes which produce tetraploids when fertilized contain diploid eggs and polar nuclei. The occurrence of diploid megagametophytes in diploids provides an additional approach for producing tetraploid stocks following 2x X 4x crosses.