bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Endothelin-1 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Normal and Preeclamptic Placentae
Authors: Khaing Aung , Swe Aye Thet , Aung Cho Lwin , Thwin Mya Mya , Sein Mya Thanda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) in normal and preeclamptic (PE) placentae.
Methods The present cross-sectional analytical study was performed in normal and PE primigravidae (n = 10 in each group) who were admitted to the North Okkalapa General and Teaching Hospital from February 2019 to February 2020. Serum samples were collected immediately before delivery, and placental tissues were collected immediately after emergency or elective cesarean section. The expression of placental eNOS was measured by western blot, and the levels of ET-1 in placental tissue homogenates and in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results The PE group had significantly higher serum levels of ET-1 (median: 116.56 pg/mL; IQR: 89.14–159.62 pg/mL) than the normal group (median: 60.02 pg/mL; IQR: 50.89–94.37 pg/mL) (p < 0.05). However, statistically significant differences were not observed in the levels of ET-1 in placental tissue homogenates between normal and PE placentae (median: 0.007 pg/µg of total protein; IQR: 0.002–0.0123 pg/µg of total protein; and median: 0.005 pg/µg of total protein; IQR: 0.003–0.016 pg/µg of total protein respectively). The median and IQR values of relative placental eNOS expression were significantly higher in the PE group than in the normal group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of ET-1 level were not significantly correlated with placental ET-1 expression, and neither there was a significant correlation between placental ET-1 and eNOS expression in any of the groups.
Conclusion The serum levels of ET-1 were significantly higher in PE pregnant women compared with normal pregnant women, while the ET-1 levels of placental tissue homogenates were not significantly different. Serum ET-1 rather than placental ET-1 might play a major role in the pathogenesis of PE.
Mobile money networks with tax-incentives
Authors: Rivadeneyra Ivan , Suthers Daniel D. , Juarez Ruben 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMobile money (MM) is the most promising tool to enable more individuals living in rural and marginalized communities into the banking sector. Although private companies in some developing countries have transitioned most of its users over to MM, it remains unclear if government-initiated programs would be as successful. By accessing a comprehensive data set of the first MM project to be initiated by a government, we tracked the behavior of users within the MM network. Temporal analysis of network representations of MM transactions shows how agents behave over time and how they react when given tax-incentives for the use of non-cash transactions. Tax-incentives had immediate positive effects on the economic activity of continuing users (number of transactions, mean and total value of transactions) and a marginal effect on their interconnectedness (number of partners and clustering). However, the tax-incentive distorted economic behavior and had a modest effect on the adoption and diffusion of MM over time at a high price tag. Implementation of these new technologies requires consideration of the peculiarity of the different actors and the expansion of the network over time, as well as the specific characteristics of each economy. These findings offer important lessons that would be valuable to other governments and policymakers considering MM.
Organisational factors in the implementation of educational modules at schools in Barranquilla (Colombia)
Authors: Maya-Jariego Isidro , Muñoz-Alvis Andrés , Polo-Vargas Jean David , Palacio-Sañudo Jorge E. , de Castro-Correa Alberto M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJob design affects motivational aspects and working conditions and, consequently, impacts the process of implementing programmes. This study examines the influence of the organisational context on the implementation of a psycho-educational programme and an academic levelling module at Colombian schools. Specifically, we evaluate the work design characteristics of teachers and their impact on the fidelity, effectiveness, and sustainability of the intervention. Information was collected from 102 teachers who acted as facilitators in the implementation of these interventions at a total of 72 schools in the city of Barranquilla. With a work design questionnaire, the characteristics of the task and working conditions of the teaching staff were analysed. To evaluate the implementation of the programme, indicators of fidelity, dose, frequency, and perceived effectiveness of the intervention were obtained. The results show that the autonomy and intrinsic characteristics of the task are positively related to the fidelity of the implementation. A certain influence of the working conditions of the teaching staff was also observed in the dose of the educational activities performed. Complementary to this, we describe the impact of confinement during the coronavirus pandemic on the implementation of programmes. Work design influences the process of implementing programmes in educational contexts. Both active hierarchical supervision and the motivational characteristics of teachers’ work affect the sustainability of interventions, especially in crisis circumstances. To conclude, we reflect on the organisational characteristics that facilitate the sustainability of the interventions.
Nutritional strategies to support performance of commercial Pekin ducks exposed to a high-temperature thermal challenge over 29–41 days of age
Authors: Downing J. A. 
Published: February 2022

Context Commercial ducks often experience high temperature in summer and nutritional strategies could help them cope under these conditions. Aims To assess the effects of water and feed supplements on the growth performance of Pekin ducks exposed to high ambient temperature. Methods Commercial Pekin ducks were supplemented with betaine in feed, betaine or vitamin C in water or had feed withdrawn for 9 h/day or provided with water alone, during Weeks 5 and 6 of age. Water was supplemented with an ‘in house’ electrolyte formulation and betaine in Week 6, only. The treatments were applied to two strains, the Cherry Valley (CV) and a commercial line selected from the CV strain for higher breast muscle yield identified as CVP2. On Days 29–41 of age, shed temperature was increased to 30.5°C for 9 h (08:30–17:30) and then returned to 22.7°C for the remainder of the day. Individual liveweights of ducks were measured on Day 28, Day 35 and Day 41 of age. Feed intake and water consumption were measured over Days 14–28, Days 29–35, and Days 36–41. On Day 41, one male and one female from each pen, were weighed, euthanised and the total breast muscle was removed and weighed. Key results In Week 5, all supplements supported a higher LWG, although this was limited to 4.3–6.3%, with no effects on feed intake or feed to gain ratio. In Week 6, these same supplements provided no benefit and, in fact, vitamin C had a negative effect (−4.7%) on LWG. In Week 6, the electrolyte + betaine improved LWG by 17.1%, with no effects on feed intake or feed to gain ratio. The supplements had no effects on breast muscle weight or yields. The CVP2 selected line had a substantially higher LWG, with nearly all this being due to the 15.8% higher gain seen in males, as LWG of females was similar for both strains. Conclusions Using electrolytes as a nutritional intervention can help Pekin ducks cope with adverse high temperature and should be evaluated under more extreme high-temperature challenges. Implications Water electrolyte supplementation can support Pekin duck performance under high-temperature challenge.
BEND3 safeguards pluripotency by repressing differentiation-associated genes
Authors: Kurniawan Fredy , Chetlangia Neha , Kamran Mohammad , Redon Christophe E. , Pongor Lorinc , Sun Qinyu , Lin Yo-Chuen , Mohan Vijay , Shaqildi Oways , Asoudegi Darya , Hao Qinyu , Khan Abid , Aladjem Mirit I. , Prasanth Kannanganattu V. , Prasanth Supriya G. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The molecular basis of how the BEN domain–containing gene family regulates chromatin function and transcription remains to be elucidated. We report that BEND3 is highly expressed in pluripotent cells and binds to promoters of genes involved in differentiation. BEND3 regulates the expression of differentiation-associated genes by modulating the chromatin architecture at promoters. We propose that transcription repression mediated by BEND3 is essential for normal development and maintenance of pluripotency.
Specialized interferon action in COVID-19
Authors: Galbraith Matthew D. , Kinning Kohl T. , Sullivan Kelly D. , Araya Paula , Smith Keith P. , Granrath Ross E. , Shaw Jessica R. , Baxter Ryan , Jordan Kimberly R. , Russell Seth , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Reisz Julie A. , Gamboni Fabia , Cendali Francesca , Ghosh Tusharkanti , Guo Kejun , Wilson Cara C. , Santiago Mario L. , Monte Andrew A. , Bennett Tellen D. , Hansen Kirk C. , Hsieh Elena W. Y. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Espinosa Joaquin M. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The interferon (IFN) family of proteins plays key roles in the immune response against viruses and other pathogens. In the context of COVID-19, IFNs have been shown to be key for restraining SARS-CoV-2 infection but have also been described as drivers of severe symptoms. However, it is not fully understood how each member of the IFN family contributes to distinct aspects of COVID-19. We report here the results of a deep examination of 12 different IFNs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which revealed clear differences among IFNs in their associations with molecular, cellular, and physiological processes relevant to COVID-19 presentation.
Axioms for the category of Hilbert spaces
Authors: Heunen Chris , Kornell Andre 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Hilbert spaces and their operators are the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics. The problem of reconstructing this foundation from first principles has been open for nearly a century. What is mathematically special about Hilbert spaces and their operators? This paper gives a categorical axiomatization. Unlike previous partial results of this type, the axioms do not presuppose probabilities, complex amplitudes, or continuity and are not limited to finite dimension.
Label-free sensing of cells with fluorescence lifetime imaging: The quest for metabolic heterogeneity
Authors: Shirshin Evgeny A. , Shirmanova Marina V. , Gayer Alexey V. , Lukina Maria M. , Nikonova Elena E. , Yakimov Boris P. , Budylin Gleb S. , Dudenkova Varvara V. , Ignatova Nadezhda I. , Komarov Dmitry V. , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Becker Wolfgang , Zagaynova Elena V. , Shcheslavskiy Vladislav I. , Scully Marlan O. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Tumors are complex systems characterized by spatial heterogeneity at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels. Tumor heterogeneity is the critical phenomenon determining the difference in therapeutic outcomes for patients with similar histological diagnosis. Metabolic heterogeneity, i.e., the difference in cancer cell metabolism within a tumor and between tumors, is considered to be a negative prognostic factor and is accompanied by an increased probability of recurrence and higher mortality. Detection and quantification of metabolic heterogeneity can help in diagnosing cancer, assessing tumor progression, and optimizing cancer treatment. Here, we demonstrate that fluorescence lifetime imaging with the advanced detection and signal analysis system may allow rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive assessment of cellular metabolic heterogeneity in living cells.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid porous g-C3N4/CdS–diethylenetriamine S-scheme heterojunctions with enhanced visible light hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Dongdong , Li Xiaofeng , Dai Kai , Zhang Jinfeng , Dawson Graham 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The activity of photocatalysts depends, to a large extent, on the separation of internal charge carriers, thereby enhancing the redox ability. S-scheme photocatalysts have shown good hydrogen-production performance, not only with good performance, but also with high reproducibility. In particular, two-dimensional (2D)/2D S-scheme heterojunction materials have attracted a great deal of attention because of the rapid charge separation and transfer rate between the interfaces. In this work, a porous g-C3N4/CdS–diethylenetriamine (PCN/CS–D) S-scheme heterojunction is designed and fabricated by a facile microwave method. The designed PCN/CS–D photocatalyst has a hydrogen-evolution rate of 12 547 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 15.6 and 2.4 times as high as that of PCN (806 μmol g−1 h−1) and CS–D (5209 μmol g−1 h−1), respectively. The combination of PCN and CS–D improves the separation of electron–hole pairs and the rate of charge transfer.
P

c
resonances in the compact pentaquark picture
Authors: Ruangyoo Wiriya , Phumphan Kanokphon , Xu Kai , Chen Chia-Chu , Limphirat Ayut , Yan Yupeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

P

c
resonances are studied in the approach of quark model and group theory. It is found that there are totally 17 possible pentaquark states with the quark contents

q

3

Q

Q

¯

(q are u and d quarks; Q is c quark) in the compact pentaquark picture, where the hidden charm pentaquark states may take the color singlet–singlet

(

[

111

]

q
q
q

⊗

[

111

]

c

c

¯

)

and color octet–octet

(

[

21

]

q
q
q

⊗

[

21

]

c

c

¯

)

configurations. The theoretical results of partial decay widths of the pentaquark states show that open charm channels are the dominant decay modes for almost all hidden charm pentaquark states, but there are four pentaquark states which decay through the pJ/ψ channel with sizable partial decay widths.
Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications
Authors: Luo T , Lindner L , Langer J , Cimalla V , Vidal X , Hahl F , Schreyvogel C , Onoda S , Ishii S , Ohshima T , Wang D , Simpson D A , Johnson B C , Capelli M , Blinder R , Jeske J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising quantum system for magnetometry applications exhibiting optical readout of minute energy shifts in its spin sub-levels. Key material requirements for NV ensembles are a high NV− concentration, a long spin coherence time and a stable charge state. However, these are interdependent and can be difficult to optimize during diamond growth and subsequent NV creation. In this work, we systematically investigate the NV center formation and properties in bulk chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond. The nitrogen flow during growth is varied by over four orders of magnitude, resulting in a broad range of single substitutional nitrogen concentrations of 0.2–20 parts per million. For a fixed nitrogen concentration, we optimize electron-irradiation fluences with two different accelerated electron energies, and we study defect formation via optical characterizations. We discuss a general approach to determine the optimal irradiation conditions, for which an enhanced NV concentration and an optimum of NV charge states can both be satisfied. We achieve spin–spin coherence times T
2 ranging from 45.5 to 549 μs for CVD diamonds containing 168 to 1 parts per billion NV− centers, respectively. This study shows a pathway to engineer properties of NV-doped CVD diamonds for improved sensitivity.
Connecting steady-states of driven-dissipative photonic lattices with spontaneous collective emission phenomena
Authors: González-Tudela Alejandro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent experimental advances enable the fabrication of photonic lattices in which the light propagates with engineered energy dispersions. When interfaced with quantum emitters, such systems yield strong collective spontaneous emission phenomena, such as perfect sub-radiance, in which the decay into the bath is completely suppressed, forming bound-states-in-the-continuum (BIC). Since such photonic lattices are generally lossy, an alternative way of probing them consists in coherently driving them to an steady-state from which photoluminescence can be extracted. Here, we formalize connections between these two seemingly different situations and use that intuition to predict the formation of non-trivial photonic steady-states in one and two dimensions. In particular, we show that subradiant emitter configurations are linked to the emergence of steady-state light-localization in the driven-dissipative setting, in which the light features the same form than the spontaneously formed BIC. Besides, we also find configurations which leads to the opposite behaviour, an anti-localization of light, that is, it distributes over all the system except for the region defined between the driving lasers. These results shed light on the recently reported optically-defined cavities in polaritonic lattices, and can guide further experimental studies.
Hawking radiation of Dirac particles from soft-hairy black holes
Authors: Zhang Wen-Jie , Mao Pu-Jian , Wu Jun-Bao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the Hawking radiation of Dirac particles via tunneling formalism from linearly supertranslated Schwarzschild black holes. We find that the radiation spectrum and the Hawking temperature remain the same as the one without soft hair.
Shadows of magnetically charged rotating black holes surrounded by quintessence *
Authors: Sun Chengxiang , Liu Yunqi , Qian Wei-Liang , Yue Ruihong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, we study the optical properties of a class of magnetically charged rotating black hole spacetimes. The black holes in question are assumed to be immersed in the quintessence field, and subsequently, the resulting black hole shadows are expected to be modified by the presence of dark energy. We investigate the photon region and the black hole shadow, especially their dependence on the relevant physical conditions, such as the quintessence state parameter, angular momentum, and magnetic charge magnitude. The photon regions depend sensitively on the horizon structure and possess intricate features. Moreover, from the viewpoint of a static observer, we explore a few observables, especially those associated with the distortion of the observed black hole shadows.
First equilibrium reconstruction for ITER with the code NICE
Authors: Faugeras B. , Blum J. , Boulbe C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this short paper we present the first application of the IMAS compatible code NICE to equilibrium reconstruction for ITER geometry. The inverse problem is formulated as a least square problem and the numerical methods implemented in NICE in order to solve it are presented. The results of a numerical experiment are shown: a reference equilibrium is computed from which a set of synthetic magnetic measurements are extracted. Then these measurements are used successfully to reconstruct the equilibrium of the plasma.
Promoting in-vivo bone regeneration using facile engineered load-bearing 3D bioactive scaffold
Authors: Dash Saumya , Pinky  , Arora Varun , Sachdeva Kunj , Sharma Harshita , Dinda Amit Kumar , Agrawal Ashwini Kumar , Jassal Manjeet , Mohanty Sujata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders has trended steeply upward and is expected to get doubled by 2030. The biological mechanism of bone repair involves both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. Despite the self-healing functionality after injury, bone tissue faces a multitude of pathological challenges. Several innovative approaches have been developed to prepare biomaterial-based bone grafts. To design a suitable bone material, the freeze-drying technique has achieved significant importance among the other conventional methods. However, the functionality of the polymeric freeze-dried scaffold in in-vivo osteogenesis is in a nascent stage. In this study facile, freeze-dried, biomaterial-based load-bearing three-dimensional porous composite scaffolds have been prepared. The biocompatible scaffolds have been made by using chitosan (C), polycaprolactone (P), hydroxyapatite (H), glass ionomer (G), and graphene (gr). Scaffolds of eight different groups (C, P, CP, CPH, CPHG, CPHGgr1, CPHGgr2, CPHGgr3) have been designed and characterized to evaluate their applicability in orthopedics. To evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds a series of physio-chemical, morphological, and in-vitro and in-vivo biological experiments have been performed. From the obtained results it was observed that the CPHGgr1 is the ideal compatible material for Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the blood cells. The in-vitro bone-specific gene expression study revealed that the scaffold assists MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the in-vivo study on the mice model was also performed for a period of four and eight weeks. The subcutaneous implantation of the designed scaffolds did not show any altered physiological condition in the animals, which indicated the in-vivo biocompatibility of the designed material. The histopathological study revealed that after eight weeks of implantation, the CPHGgr1 scaffold supported significantly better collagen deposition and calcification. The facile designing of the CPHGgr1 multicomponent nanocomposite provided an osteo-regenerative biomaterial with desired mechanical strength as an ideal regenerative material for cancellous bone tissue regeneration.
Substantiation of application of the order variable submission principle in the bioenergy theory of plant productivity
Authors: Dorokhov A S , Grishin A P , Grishin A A , Grishin V A , Semenova N A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It was shown that the agricultural branches of knowledge lacks calculus principles – the most important values for these branches and methods for determining these limiting theoretical values. For this reason, it is very difficult to use modern computer technologies in this industry. Another problem is the lack of a method for energy analysis of the bioconversion of radiant energy in plants. These problems are solved by using the well-known principle of synergy submission. We considered the production processes in a tomato plant when exposed to LE consisting of photosynthetic and thermal components and presented a synergistic model of these processes. It was experimentally proved that these components, according to the synergetics submission principle, are order variables, to which control variables are subordinated. We established a high degree of submission of control variables (growth of productive mass and thermoregulatory evaporation) to the order parameter (energy of light radiation in the form of its components). Calculations of plant productivity should begin with determining LE consisting of photosynthetic and thermal components that made it possible to design an exergy model, and subsequently an algorithm, for managing production processes and increasing productivity.