bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filtration-histogram based texture analysis and CALIPER based pattern analysis as quantitative CT techniques in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: head-to-head comparison
Authors: AlDalilah Yazeed , Ganeshan Balaji , Endozo Raymond , Bomanji Jamshed , Porter Joanna C , Machado Maria , Bertoletti Linda , Lilburn David , lyasheva Maria , Groves Ashley M , Fraioli Francesco 
Published: February 2022

Objective To assess the prognostic performance of two quantitative CT (qCT) techniques in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) compared to established clinical measures of disease severity (GAP index). Methods: Retrospective analysis of high-resolution CT scans for 59 patients (age 70.5 ± 8.8 years) with two qCT methods. Computer-aided lung informatics for pathology evaluation and ratings based analysis classified the lung parenchyma into six different patterns: normal, ground glass, reticulation, hyperlucent, honeycombing and pulmonary vessels. Filtration histogram-based texture analysis extracted texture features: mean intensity, standard deviation (SD), entropy, mean of positive pixels (MPPs), skewness and kurtosis at different spatial scale filters. Univariate Kaplan–Meier survival analysis assessed the different qCT parameters' performance to predict patient outcome and refine the standard GAP staging system. Multivariate cox regression analysis assessed the independence of the significant univariate predictors of patient outcome. Results The predominant parenchymal lung pattern was reticulation (16.6% ± 13.9), with pulmonary vessel percentage being the most predictive of worse patient outcome (p = 0.009). Higher SD, entropy and MPP, in addition to lower skewness and kurtosis at fine texture scale (SSF2), were the most significant predictors of worse outcome (p < 0.001). Multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated that SD (SSF2) was the only independent predictor of survival (p < 0.001). Better patient outcome prediction was achieved after adding total vessel percentage and SD (SSF2) to the GAP staging system (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Filtration-histogram texture analysis can be an independent predictor of patient mortality in IPF patients. Advances in knowledge: qCT analysis can help in risk stratifying IPF patients in addition to clinical markers.
Zoom fatigue and its risk factors in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Salim Jonathan , Tandy Sutiono , Arnindita Jannatin Nisa , Wibisono Jacobus Jeno , Haryanto Moses Rizky , Wibisono Maria Georgina 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND Global nations have enforced strict health protocols because of the COVID-19’s high transmission, infectivity, and mortality. As shown by increased online learning and video conferencing, the employment and education sectors are shifting to home-based activities. Video conferencing as a communication medium has subtly led to zoom fatigue. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of zoom fatigue for early prevention and treatment.
METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 335 Indonesian university students selected by purposive sampling in July 2021. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire including online courses duration during the COVID-19 pandemic; Pittsburgh sleep quality index; depression, anxiety and stress scale-21; and zoom & exhaustion fatigue (ZEF) scale through Google Form (Google LLC, USA) distributed via social media and student forums. Association and correlation tests were used, and the model was developed using linear regression.
RESULTS The respondents were aged 21.3 (1.8) years with 12.8 (5.1) months of online courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and a ZEF scale of 2.8 (0.9). Students with higher ZEF had irregular physical exercise, poorer sleep quality, longer video conferencing sessions, longer months of courses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and higher mental illness (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression). Smoking negatively correlated with fatigue (r = −0.12). The model for ZEF showed good predictability for zoom fatigue (p<0.001, R2 = 0.57).
CONCLUSIONS Daily exposure to video conferencing in educational settings throughout the pandemic has drastically increased zoom fatigue. The stakeholders must act immediately to minimize the risks while providing maximum benefits.
On-chip polarization-division multiplexing link assisted with triple-waveguide couplers
Authors: Xu Shuangye , Hu Jinzhu , Zhang Hanyu , Mao Siqiang , Jiang Weifeng 
Published: February 2022

An on-chip silicon polarization-division multiplexing link assisted with triple-waveguide couplers is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. It consists of a polarization beam splitter, a trunk waveguide, and a polarization beam combiner. The coupling strength can be reinforced with the help of the middle waveguide. The proposed device is optimized with a 7 µm coupling length, insertion losses of 0.12 and 0.64 dB, and polarization extinction ratios of 31.2 and 15 dB for the TM and TE polarizations, respectively, at 1550 nm. The fabrication tolerances of the device are also analyzed with the fabrication errors of

±
20

n
m

. Over a 100 nm bandwidth from 1500 nm to 1600 nm, the measured polarization extinction ratios are above 15.4 dB and 10.6 dB for TM and TE polarizations, respectively. The corresponding measured insertion losses are below 2 dB and 2.4 dB. The proposed polarization-division multiplexing link can be applied in optical communications and interconnects for signal routing.
Double-sided polishing photonic crystal fiber biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance for cancer single cell detection
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , Liu Chi , Liu Xin , Feng Yue , Wang Shaofeng , Shen Tao , Wei Han 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose a high sensitivity double-sided polishing photonic crystal fiber biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance. The performance of the sensor was analyzed by the finite element method, including the influence of different pore sizes and positions, polishing depth, pore spacing, metal thickness, refractive index (RI), and manufacturing error (5%) on the sensing performance. And the performance of practical application in cancer detection was analyzed. The use of a double-sided polishing structure and coating with a gold layer not only increases the contact area between the analyte and gold layer but also provides a large-enough space for the analysis channel, which is conducive to the actual manufacture and use. The sensor has a detection range of 1.35–1.39, maximum wavelength sensitivity of 21,500 nm/RIU, average wavelength sensitivity of 9550 nm/RIU, amplitude sensitivity of

−

1057.1756 RIU

−
1

,

R

2

of 0.98265, figure of merit of 250, and maximum resolution of

4.68

×

1

0

−
6

, which can be used in cancer detection and other biological areas.
Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 with diabetic complications and insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Taniguchi Hirokazu , Nirengi Shinsuke , Ishihara Kengo , Sakane Naoki 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is an important regulator of glycemic control, but the association between circulating FGF21 and diabetic complications is poorly understood. Moreover, basal FGF21 secretion, especially in response to insulin dose, in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), has not been well examined. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of circulating FGF21 levels with diabetic complications and insulin dosage in middle-aged and elderly patients with T1DM.

Materials and methods
A total of 127 middle-aged and elderly patients with T1DM, including 68 patients with diabetic complications, and 106 non-diabetic individuals were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Information on demographic characteristics and T1DM was extracted from their electronic medical records. Serum FGF21 levels were determined using ELISA.

Results
Serum FGF21 levels were significantly lower in T1DM patients (75.2 [37.4–135.1] pg/mL) than in non-diabetic participants (151.6 [92.0–224.6] pg/mL; P < 0.001). No diabetic complications were associated with serum FGF21 concentrations. Both basal and bolus insulin doses were significantly and positively correlated with serum FGF21 levels (P < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that FGF21 level was associated with age and body mass index (P < 0.05), while the basal insulin dose was an independent positive predictor of serum FGF21 levels (β = 0.197, P = 0.032).

Conclusions
Circulating FGF21 levels are reduced in patients with T1DM; however, they are not associated with diabetic complications. In addition, aging, obesity, and insulin dosage are positive determinants of circulating FGF21.
Factors influencing antimicrobial resistance in the European food system and potential leverage points for intervention: A participatory, One Health study
Authors: Lambraki Irene Anna , Cousins Melanie , Graells Tiscar , Léger Anaïs , Henriksson Patrik , Harbarth Stephan , Troell Max , Wernli Didier , Søgaard Jørgensen Peter , Desbois Andrew P. , Carson Carolee A. , Parmley Elizabeth Jane , Majowicz Shannon Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis that evolves from a complex system of factors. Understanding what factors interact is key to finding solutions. Our objective was to identify the factors influencing AMR in the European food system and places to intervene.

Materials and methods
We conducted two workshops involving participants with diverse perspectives to identify the factors influencing AMR and leverage points (places) to target interventions. Transcripts were open coded for factors and connections, then transcribed into Vensim 8.0.4 to develop a causal loop diagram (CLD) and compute the number of feedback loops. Thematic analysis followed to describe AMR dynamics in Europe’s food system and places for intervention. The CLD and themes were confirmed via participant feedback.

Results
Seventeen participants representing human, animal and agricultural sectors identified 91 CLD factors and 331 connections. Seven themes (e.g., social and economic conditions) describing AMR dynamics in Europe’s food system, five ‘overarching factors’ that impact the entire CLD system (e.g., leadership) and fourteen places for intervention (e.g., consumer demand) emerged from workshop discussions. Most leverage points fell on highly networked feedback loops suggesting that intervening at these places may create unpredictable consequences.

Conclusions
Our study produced a CLD of factors influencing AMR in Europe’s food system that implicates sectors across the One Health spectrum. The high connectivity between the CLD factors described by participants and our finding that factors are connected with many feedback mechanisms underscores the complexity of the AMR problem and the challenge with finding long-term solutions. Identifying factors and feedbacks helped identify relevant leverage points in the system. Some actions, such as government’s setting AMU standards may be easier to implement. These actions in turn can support multi-pronged actions that can help redefine the vision, values and goals of the system to sustainably tackle AMR.
Prevalence, acceptability, and cost of routine screening for pulmonary tuberculosis among pregnant women in Cotonou, Benin
Authors: Adjobimey Mênonli , Ade Serge , Wachinou Prudence , Esse Marius , Yaha Lydia , Bekou Wilfried , Campbell Jonathon R. , Toundoh Narcisse , Adjibode Omer , Attikpa Geoffroy , Agodokpessi Gildas , Affolabi Dissou , Merle Corinne S. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
We sought to evaluate the yield, cost, feasibility, and acceptability of routine tuberculosis (TB) screening of pregnant women in Cotonou, Benin.

Design
Mixed-methods, cross-sectional study with a cost assessment.

Setting
Eight participating health facilities in Cotonou, Benin.

Participants
Consecutive pregnant women presenting for antenatal care at any participating site who were not in labor or currently being treated for TB from April 2017 to April 2018.

Interventions
Screening for the presence of TB symptoms by midwives and Xpert MTB/RIF for those with cough for at least two weeks. Semi-structured interviews with 14 midwives and 16 pregnant women about experiences with TB screening.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Proportion of pregnant women with cough of at least two weeks and/or microbiologically confirmed TB. The cost per pregnant woman screened and per TB case diagnosed in 2019 USD from the health system perspective.

Results
Out of 4,070 pregnant women enrolled in the study, 94 (2.3%) had a cough for at least two weeks at the time of screening. The average (standard deviation) age of symptomatic women was 26 ± 5 years and 5 (5.3%) had HIV. Among the 94 symptomatic women, 2 (2.3%) had microbiologically confirmed TB for a TB prevalence of 49 per 100,000 (95% CI: 6 to 177 per 100,000) among pregnant women enrolled in the study. The average cost to screen one pregnant woman for TB was $1.12 USD and the cost per TB case diagnosed was $2271 USD. Thematic analysis suggested knowledge of TB complications in pregnancy was low, but that routine TB screening was acceptable to both midwives and pregnant women.

Conclusion
Enhanced screening for TB among pregnant women is feasible, acceptable, and inexpensive per woman screened, however in this setting has suboptimal yield even if it can contribute to enhance TB case finding.
INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA EC 103/2019 QUANTO À FIXAÇÃO DE IDADE MÍNIMA PARA A APOSENTADORIA ESPECIAL: UMA ABORDAGEM À LUZ DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO MEIO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO EQUILIBRADO
Authors: Serafin Gabriela Pietsch , Reupke Erika Giovanini , Jacobsen Gilson 
Published: February 2022

RESUMOEste trabalho apresenta uma reflexão acerca do direito à aposentadoria especial e da fixação de idade mínima à sua fruição pela Emenda Constitucional 103/2019. A abordagem do tema explora o Estado Social, a dignidade humana e proteção social, trilhando pelo direito fundamental ao ambiente de trabalho equilibrado e à aposentadoria especial, benefício previdenciário que busca, na redução de tempo à inativação, a proteção da saúde e da vida do trabalhador-segurado sujeito a agentes nocivos em seu labor. Analisa a constitucionalidade da fixação de idade mínima à aposentadoria especial no que toca à proteção da saúde e da vida. A investigação, o tratamento dos dados e a elaboração do relato desta pesquisa são realizados com base no método indutivo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito Social. Direito Previdenciário. Aposentadoria Especial. Emenda Constitucional 103/2019. Constitucionalidade.
HUBUNGAN PRAKTIK KEBERSIHAN PERORANGAN KARYAWAN DAN KONDISI LINGKUNGAN KERJA DENGAN KEJADIAN TERINFEKSI COVID-19 DI PT X JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Wulandari Evelyn Sri , Joko Tri , Suhartono Suhartono 
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan akut, diakibatkan oleh novel coronavirus. Penularan COVID-19 terjadi lewat 3 jalan utama, yakni kontak langsung, droplet serta aerosol. Sektor perkantoran ialah salah satu klaster penularan COVID- 19, Area perkantoran cenderung padat oleh manusia, oleh sebab itu kondisi lingkungan kerja butuh diperhatikan dalam penangkalan COVID-19. Belum ditemukan obat untuk mengobati COVID-19, akan tetapi penularan COVID-19 bisa dicegah lewat beberapa metode, salah satunya menerapkan praktik kebersihan perorangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebersihan perorangan karyawan dan kondisi lingkungan kerja dengan kejadian terinfeksi COVID-19 di PT X Jakarta Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini yakni 60 karyawan di PT X Jakarta Barat. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni sampling acak. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner penelitian. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara praktik kebersihan perorangan karyawan dengan praktik penggunaan masker (0,016), praktik cuci tangan pakai sabun (0,016) dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara praktik kebersihan perorangan karyawan dengan praktik menjaga jarak (0,315), praktik tidak menyentuh wajah sebelum mencuci tangan (1) dan kondisi lingkungan kerja (0,55). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara praktik penggunaan masker dan praktik cuci tangan pakai sabun dengan kejadian COVID-19. Para karyawan disarankan untuk tetap melakukan praktik kebersihan perorangan sesuai anjuran selama bekerja.
Einfluss des primär ausgeschiedenen Mg2Si-Anteils sowie dessen Verteilung auf die Eigenschaften von sprühkompaktierten AlMgSiCu-Legierungen*
Authors: Stelling O. , Ellendt N. , Uhlenwinkel V. , Krug P. , Keßler O. , Zoch H. W. , Commandeur B. 
Published: February 2022

Kurzfassung

Legierungen auf Aluminiumbasis zeichnen sich durch eine geringe Dichte bei gleichzeitig guten mechanischen Eigenschaften aus. Die Verstärkung von Aluminiumlegierungen durch Mg2Si kann zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Eigenschaften, insbesondere der Warmfestigkeit, bei gleichzeitiger Dichtereduzierung beitragen. Durch gängige Gießprozesse lassen sich lediglich geringe Mengen Mg2Si in die Aluminiummatrix einbringen. Das Verfahren des Sprühkompaktierens bietet die Möglichkeit, eine feine Verteilung der Mg2Si-Partikel im Gefüge auch für große Mengen (> 15 Ma.-% Mg2Si) zu erzielen. Eine Vergröberung der Partikel wird hierbei durch hohe Abkühlraten unterdrückt.
Aluminiumlegierungen mit Mg2Si-Gehalten von 22-34 Ma.-% konnten mittels Sprühkompaktieren erfolgreich hergestellt werden. Sie wurden anschließend stranggepresst und wärmebehandelt. Allen Legierungen wurde ca. 1,8 Ma.-% Kupfer beigegeben, um eine zusätzliche Steigerung der Festigkeit durch metastabile Al-Cu-Ausscheidungen zu erreichen.
Die Werkstoffe wurden zur Beurteilung der Ausscheidungsverteilung metallografisch untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass für die untersuchten Legierungen die Mg2Si-Partikelgröße sowohl während des Umformens als auch während der Wärmebehandlung nahezu unbeeinflusst bleibt. Die Form und Verteilung der weiteren Phasen hingegen hängt wesentlich vom Wärmebehandlungszustand ab. Mittels Dichte- und Härtemessungen konnte die Gewichtsreduzierung bei gleichzeitiger Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften nachgewiesen werden. Die Warmfestigkeit der Werkstoffe wurde anhand von Zugversuchen bei erhöhter Temperatur bestimmt. Ein signifikanter Einfluss der durch Variation der Prozessführung beim Sprühkompaktieren eingestellten Mg2Si-Partikelgröße auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften konnte ausgemacht werden.
Anwendungen für diese neuartigen Aluminiumlegierungen sind in Bereichen zu erwarten, in denen geringe Dichten in Verbindung mit hoher Warmfestigkeit gefordert sind, z. B. in Verbrennungsmaschinen. ▪
Epi-quasi normality
Authors: Thabit Sadeq Ali , Alshammari Ibtesam , Alqurashi Wafa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work studies a new version of normality called epi-quasi normality, which lies between epi-normality and epi-mild normality. In this paper, we investigate this property and present some examples that illustrate the relationships between epi-quasi normality and other kinds of both normality and regularity.
Microwave-induced biocatalytic reactions toward medicinally important compounds
Authors: Das Aparna , Banik Bimal Krishna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Microwaves in the presence of enzymes are used to execute a number of reactions for the preparation of biologically active compounds. The success of microwave-induced enzymatic reactions depends on frequencies, field strength, waveform, duration, and modulation of the exposure. Enzymes under microwave irradiation become activated and this activation is sufficient to investigate simple to complex reactions that were not reported under these reaction conditions before. Enzymatic catalysis together with microwave technology and solvent-free chemical reaction is a nature-friendly procedure. The most interesting reactions that are performed by enzymes in the microwave are documented here with reference to examples that are related to medicinally active molecules.
Visible-light-mediated metal-free C–Si bond formation reactions
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Conserving the environment is one of the most imperative goals in recent days among the chemists throughout the world. Swiftly increasing the environmental awareness also increases the demand to build new approaches for synthesizing the same active molecules with zero-waste and pollution. In this background, visible-light-mediated synthesis and functionalization of diverse organic compounds has been established as a tremendously successful topic and has achieved a remarkable stage of superiority and efficiency in the last 20 years. Alternatively, organosilicon derivatives are gradually aspiring leaves among chemists because of their significant application on synthetic, medicinal, and material chemistry. In this scenario, the addition of Si–H group to carbon−carbon multiple bonds (alkenes, hetero-arenes, alkynes, allenes, carboxylic acids, enynes, and dienes) provides an extremely step- and atom-efficient method to obtain silicon-containing compounds. Several attempts for the development of mild, robust, and efficient green protocol were taken in the last two decades. In spite of substantial advancement/research on C–Si bond formation using transition metal catalysis, a green and metal-free approach is highly essential considering its application in the field of medicine and with respect to environmental aspects as well. In this article, we will summarize the reports considering suitable visible-light-mediated metal-free silylation of C–C multiple bonds that includes alkenes, hetero-arenes, alkynes, allenes, enynes, and dienes.
Deconstructing Synaptotagmin-1's Distinct Roles in Synaptic Vesicle Priming and Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Bouazza-Arostegui Boris , Camacho Marcial , Brockmann Marisa M. , Zobel Sina , Rosenmund Christian 
Published: February 2022

Synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) is a synaptic vesicle resident protein that interacts via its C2 domain with anionic lipids from the plasma membrane in a calcium-dependent manner to efficiently trigger rapid neurotransmitter (NT) release. In addition, SYT1 acts as a negative regulator of spontaneous NT release and regulates synaptic vesicle (SV) priming. How these functions relate to each other mechanistically and what role other synaptotagmin (SYT) isoforms play in supporting and complementing the role of SYT1 is still under intensive investigation. In this work, we analyzed three putative functions of SYT1 in exocytosis by systematically varying its expression in autaptic hippocampal glutamatergic neurons from mice of either sex. We find that regulation of release probability is most sensitive to variation of expression levels, whereas its impact on vesicle priming is least sensitive. Also, loss of SYT1 phenotypes on spontaneous release and vesicle priming is compensated in less mature synaptic cultures by redundant support from SYT7. Overall, our data help in resolving some controversies in SYT1 functions in exocytosis and in our understanding of how SYT1 contributes to the pathophysiology underlying SYT1-related human neurologic disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur work clarifies the functions of SYT1 protein in synaptic vesicle priming and spontaneous and calcium-evoked neurotransmitter release and analyzes whether these occur at different stages of synaptic responses by examining their relative sensitivity to protein concentration at the synaptic terminal. We demonstrate that these synaptic functions are unequally sensitive to both protein levels and neuronal stage, indicating that they operate under distinct molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we analyze how these functions are modulated by another synaptotagmin isoform expression. We show that to understand the phenotype displayed by SYT1 knock-out neurons (Syt1−/−) is necessary to consider the interplay between SYT1 and SYT7 molecules at the presynaptic terminal.