bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Bystander Intervention Training Work? When Employee Intentions and Organisational Barriers Collide
Authors: Kuntz Joana C. , Searle Freya 
Published: May 2022

Scholars have recently begun to consider the role of bystander intervention training in countering workplace incivility and bullying. Given the scarce empirical evidence of bystander training outcomes in occupational settings, this study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of a bystander intervention training in a large healthcare organisation, by assessing changes to levels of psychological safety, bystander efficacy, intent and behaviours over time. One hundred and forty employees in a large healthcare organisation in New Zealand attended the training and were asked to complete three surveys, one conducted at baseline, one carried out 2 weeks following the training and the last survey conducted 2 months later. The qualitative and qualitative findings of this study show that the bystander intervention training resulted in significant improvements to bystander attitudes and beliefs, which were ascribed to the quality of training materials, the facilitator and opportunities to role-play bystander intervention strategies. However, the positive bystander beliefs, attitudes and intent to intervene declined in the months following the training. The qualitative findings shed a light on these results and suggest that the participants required support for training transfer in the form of updated and accessible information about negative acts and bystander intervention strategies, leadership support and role modelling of bystander behaviours and civility, and the implementation of accountability systems that ensure the ongoing development of a civility culture.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Elevated Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Late Preterm Newborns With Low Birthweight: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sardana Gitika , Malwade Sudhir , Agarkhedkar Sharad 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is seen more often in preterm and low birthweight infants. However, very few studies exist that explore the epidemiology and risk factors associated with CH, especially from the Indian subcontinent. Methods: A cross-sectional screening study was carried out on 240 low birthweight (<2.5 kg) and late preterm (34-36.6 weeks) newborns not requiring ventilator support over a period of 18 months. A total of 0.5 mL of venous sample was obtained on day 4 of life for analyzing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tetraiodothyronine (T4), as well as tetraiodothyronine (T3) levels by an architect plus Chemiluminescence microparticle immunosorbent assay. Neonates with TSH values of more than 20 mIU/L were categorized as having elevated TSH. Results: Elevated TSH was seen in 10 (4.2%) neonates. The presence of maternal anemia ( P = .011), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ( P < .001), and maternal hypothyroidism ( P < .01) was found to be significantly linked to elevated TSH levels. Other maternal comorbidities, gestational age, birthweight, as well as the nature of birth bore no significant relation with CH. Discussion: Elevated TSH was found to be common in late preterm and low birthweight newborns. Neonates of mothers suffering from hypothyroidism, advanced maternal age, GDM, and maternal anemia should be serially evaluated for thyroid abnormalities as they possess a significantly higher risk of having elevated TSH levels.
Toward a Global Definition and Understanding of Child Sexual Exploitation: The Development of a Conceptual Model
Authors: Laird Jessica J. , Klettke Bianca , Hall Kate , Hallford David 
Published: May 2022

Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a serious and persistent global issue affecting up to 5% of the child and youth population worldwide; yet there is no universally accepted definition. To develop a theoretically robust definition of CSE, this review systematically synthesized literature examining CSE definitions aiming to develop a conceptual model and typology. Electronic databases were searched to February 2021, yielding 384 nonduplicative records. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed and grey literature investigations of sexual exploitation, with a mean sample age of 18 years or younger, available in the English language. Literature review and data extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Sixty-six studies met final inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and used an epistemological approach to thematically analyse meaning and patterns across CSE definitions. Key findings demonstrate that CSE nomenclature is widely inconsistent, and despite growing awareness of this severe form of abuse, language continues to perpetuate stigma and criminalisation, utilising terms such as ‘adolescent or child prostitute’. Our findings propose a scientifically and trauma-informed definition and conceptualisation of CSE, based on the following four-dimensional components: (1) A child/young person; (2) sexual acts; (3) abuse; and (4) exploitation (abuse + exchange). In this systematic review, a unified definition and conceptual model aims to advance knowledge and understanding of CSE, contributing to the progression of social norms which embrace nuances of trauma-informed practice and support for the identification and recovery of children, young people and families affected by sexual exploitation.
Effect of miR-663 on atherosclerosis by regulating the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in lipid plaques
Authors: Deng Zhisheng , Li Lihua 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and peripheral vascular disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely distributed in the human body and closely related to the pathological progress of AS. This study probed into the function of miR-663 in AS. Methods The atherosclerotic plaques, cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), inflammatory factors, and miR-663 expression in ApoE−/− mice on high-fat diet were evaluated. The overexpressing miR-663 adenovirus was injected into ApoE−/− mice, followed by measurement of type III collagen (Col III), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, α-SMA, osteopontin, and CD31. miR-663 mimic or inhibitor was introduced into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), and cell proliferation and IL-6 and IL-18 secretion were evaluated. The binding relationship between miR-663 and HMGA2 was verified, followed by the determination of HMGA2 role in VSMC proliferation. Results Atherosclerotic plaques appeared in ApoE−/− mice on high-fat diet, with increased CHOL, LDL, osteopontin, MMP-2 and Col III and decreased miR-663, α-SMA and CD31. miR-663 overexpression downregulated osteopontin, MMP-2 and Col III and upregulated α-SMA and CD31 in ApoE−/− mice on high-fat diet. With Ox-LDL concentration increase, VSMC proliferation was promoted and miR-663 was downregulated. miR-663 overexpression inhibited proliferation of Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs and reduced levels of inflammatory factor levels, whereas silencing miR-663 did the opposite. miR-663 targeted HMGA2. HMGA2 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-663 overexpression on VSMC proliferation. Conclusion miR-663 targeted HMGA2 to inhibit VSMC proliferation and AS development, which may offer insights into AS treatment.
The comparative effectiveness of antidepressants for youths with major depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Sheng-Yu , Wang Liang-Jen , Yang Yao-Hsu , Hsu Chih-Wei 
Published: May 2022

Background: Guidelines recommend fluoxetine as a first-line medication for youths diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about the long-term effectiveness of different antidepressants in juveniles in the real world. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of antidepressants in youths with MDD. Methods: Youths (<20 years old) with a diagnosis of MDD who were new users of antidepressants were selected from a nationwide population-based cohort in Taiwan between 1997 and 2013. We divided a total of 16,981 users (39.9% male; mean age: 16.6 years) into 10 different antidepressant groups (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine, citalopram, escitalopram, bupropion, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine and moclobemide). Regarding treatment outcomes (hospitalisation and medication discontinuation), Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate the hazards of such outcomes. Results: Compared with the youths treated with fluoxetine, the bupropion-treated group demonstrated lower rates of hospitalisation and discontinuation. Mirtazapine-treated group demonstrated a higher hospitalisation risk mainly when administered for single depressive episodes. Furthermore, patients treated with sertraline and fluvoxamine had higher discontinuation rates. Among the younger teenage subgroups (< 16 years), significantly higher rates of discontinuation were observed in those treated with sertraline, escitalopram and fluvoxamine. Among the older teenage subgroups (⩾ 16 years), bupropion was superior to fluoxetine in preventing hospitalisation and discontinuation. Conclusion: We concluded that bupropion might surpass fluoxetine with regard to hospitalisation prevention and drug therapy maintenance among youths with MDD, while mirtazapine users demonstrated a higher hospitalisation risk. Our findings might serve as a reference for clinicians in future studies.
Migraine in the emergency department: A retrospective evaluation of the characteristics of attendances in a major city hospital in the United Kingdom
Authors: Logan A-M , Reid I , Yogarajah M , Wang C , Greenwood N , Edwards M , Jarman H , Nirmalananthan N 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Detailed Emergency Department attendance data for migraine are needed for service redesign. Methods: A service evaluation was undertaken, classifying adult emergency department headache attendances using the International Classification of Headache Disorders migraine C-E criteria, evaluating attendance characteristics. Results: Migraine/Probable migraine diagnosis was documented in 58% but coded in 24% attendances by ED clinicians. 29% of patients used no analgesia before attending, 43% attended ≥4 days after onset and 19% arrived by ambulance. Conclusion: This evaluation highlights sub-optimal acute management and discrepancy between migraine coding and diagnosis contributing to underreporting. We recommend further evaluation of identified cohorts and headache proforma use.
Kozłowskiite, ideally Ca4Fe2+Sn3(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2, a new kristiansenite-type mineral from Szklarska Poręba, Lower Silesia, Poland
Authors: Pieczka Adam , Zelek-Pogudz Sylwia , Gołębiowska Bożena , Stadnicka Katarzyna M. , Evans R. James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKozłowskiite, ideally Ca4(Fe2+Sn3)(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2, is a new mineral isostructural with kristiansenite and silesiaite, found as a band in the core of a zoned silesiaite–kristiansenite crystal from the granitic pegmatite at Szklarska Poręba, Lower Silesia, Poland. In tiny pieces kozłowskiite is pale brownish, with a calculated density of 3.775 g⋅cm–3 and a mean refractive index ~1.727. The triclinic crystal structure was determined with space-group symmetry C1: a = 10.0183(2), b = 8.3861(1), c = 13.3395(2) Å, α = 89.956(1), β = 109.039(2), γ = 89.979(1)° and V = 1059.40(3) Å3, although, similarly to kristiansenite, it is metrically monoclinic (Laue group 2/m) with α and γ angles equal to 90° and a = 10.0170(3), b = 8.3860(2), c = 13.3421(4) Å, β = 109.050(3)° and V = 1059.40(5) Å3. The seven strongest reflections in the calculated powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) hkl]: 5.190 (73.2) 111, 1$\bar{1}$1; 4.569 (30.0) $\bar{2}$02; 3.153 (64.7) 004; 3.094 (28.1) $\bar{3}$11, $\bar{3}\bar{1}$1; 3.089 (100) $\bar{2}\bar{2}$2, $\bar{2}$22; 2.595 (27.2) 2$\bar{2}$2, 222; and 2.141 (30.6) $\bar{3}$31, $\bar{3}\bar{3}$1. Electron microprobe analysis gave (in wt.%) SiO2 39.46, ZrO2 0.35, SnO2 31.13, Al2O3 0.35, Sc2O3 2.65, total Fe as Fe2O3 5.06 (= Fe2O3calc. 2.26; FeOcalc. 2.52), MnO 0.71, CaO 18.42 and H2Ocalc. 1.48, sum 99.33. The empirical formula on the basis of 26O + 2(OH) and 16 cations (Z = 2) is Ca4.00(Sn2.52Sc0.47Fe2+0.43Fe3+0.34Mn2+0.12Al0.08Zr0.03)Σ4.00(Si2.00O7)2(Si2.00O6OH)2. The crystal structure of kozłowskiite was refined to an R1 = 2.12% for 4887 reflections with Io>2σI. The Ca and Si sites are occupied solely by Ca and Si, respectively, and three of four M sites: M2, M3 and M4, are dominated by Sn. Four hydrogen atoms present in the kozłowskiite unit cell are shared among the O17–O27 and O47–O37 oxygen atoms where O17 and O47 are OH groups forming relatively strong hydrogen bonds.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists and risk of neuropsychiatric events in children, adolescents and young adults: a self-controlled case series
Authors: Park Ji Soo , Cho Yoo Jung , Yun Je-Yeon , Lee Hye Jin , Yu Jinho , Yang Hyeon-Jong , Suh Dong In 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLeukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are widely used for asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), but concerns about the risk of neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) have been raised since the first Drug Safety Communication by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2008. This study evaluates the association between LTRA use and NPEs in children, adolescents and young adults with asthma or AR.MethodsA self-controlled case series study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database from two 3-year observation periods (observation period 1 (Obs1): 2005–2007; observation period 2 (Obs2): 2016–2018). Asthma or AR patients aged 3–30 years who were prescribed LTRAs and diagnosed with NPEs were included. The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the exposed period and risk periods (1–3, 4–7, 8–14, 15–30, 31–90 and >90 days from initiation of LTRA) compared with unexposed periods were calculated using conditional Poisson regression. Subgroup analysis according to age group, type of NPEs and indication of LTRA was performed.ResultsAmong 17 001 included patients, the risk of NPEs increased in Obs2 (IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.22), but did not increase in Obs1. Risk was increased during risk periods 4–7 days (IRR 2.36, 95% CI 1.99–2.76) and 8–14 days (IRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.46–2.15) after initiation of LTRA, particularly in adolescents (IRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.55) and young adults (IRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28), while risk was decreased in children (3–11 years). Risk was not increased for any single type of NPE. AR patients were at increased risk (IRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.39), but not those with asthma.ConclusionsOverall, risk of NPEs with LTRA use differed between risk periods and subgroups. Physicians should prescribe LTRAs according to indications and inform patients about possible NPEs.
Pulmonologists’ work and clinical life during the COVID-19 pandemic: a society-led survey
Authors: Pietersen Pia Iben , Konge Lars , Jørgensen Rasmus , Stolz Daiana , Farr Amy , Laursen Christian B. 
Published: May 2022

The continuous and ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highly affected pulmonologists and pulmonology residents worldwide. To identify where additional work and resources must be focused, it is important to explore on what parameters the pulmonologists and residents are challenged. We present the results of a society-led survey on pulmonologists’ and pulmonology residents’ work and clinical life during the pandemic.A total of 579 pulmonologists and pulmonology residents completed the survey (5.9% of the European Respiratory Society's physician members) and most respondents answered that they have had sufficient training on how to handle patients with COVID-19 (e.g.how to handle patients to prevent virus spread). However, more than a third of the respondents (n=210, 36.3%) had performed procedures they did not feel competent in due to the pandemic and, for example, relocation to COVID-19 units.We must strive for investment in research on medical education and potentially simulation-based training in technical procedures to ensure competence and decrease the insecurity about new procedures, especially in the setting of worldwide pandemics or acute critical situations.
A novel model to predict severe COVID-19 and mortality using an artificial intelligence algorithm to interpret chest radiographs and clinical variables
Authors: Munera Nicolás , Garcia-Gallo Esteban , Gonzalez Álvaro , Zea José , Fuentes Yuli V. , Serrano Cristian , Ruiz-Cuartas Alejandra , Rodriguez Alejandro , Reyes Luis F. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could develop severe disease requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). This article presents a novel method that predicts whether a patient will need admission to the ICU and assesses the risk of in-hospital mortality by training a deep-learning model that combines a set of clinical variables and features in chest radiographs.MethodsThis was a prospective diagnostic test study. Patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection between March 2020 and January 2021 were included. This study was designed to build predictive models obtained by training convolutional neural networks for chest radiograph images using an artificial intelligence (AI) tool and a random forest analysis to identify critical clinical variables. Then, both architectures were connected and fine-tuned to provide combined models.Results2552 patients were included in the clinical cohort. The variables independently associated with ICU admission were age, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) on admission, dyspnoea on admission and obesity. Moreover, the variables associated with hospital mortality were age,FiO2on admission and dyspnoea. When implementing the AI model to interpret the chest radiographs and the clinical variables identified by random forest, we developed a model that accurately predicts ICU admission (area under the curve (AUC) 0.92±0.04) and hospital mortality (AUC 0.81±0.06) in patients with confirmed COVID-19.ConclusionsThis automated chest radiograph interpretation algorithm, along with clinical variables, is a reliable alternative to identify patients at risk of developing severe COVID-19 who might require admission to the ICU.
“The whole of humanity has lungs, doesn't it? We are not all the same sort of people”: patient preferences and choices for an online, self-guided chronic breathlessness supportive intervention: SELF-BREATHE
Authors: Reilly Charles C. , Bristowe Katherine , Roach Anna , Chalder Trudie , Maddocks Matthew , Higginson Irene J. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe burden of chronic breathlessness on individuals, family, society and health systems is significant and set to increase exponentially with an ageing population with complex multimorbidity, yet there is a lack of services. This has been further amplified by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Online breathlessness interventions have been proposed to fill this gap, but need development and evaluation based on patient preferences and choices. This study aimed to explore the preferences and choices of patients regarding the content of an online self-guided chronic breathlessness supportive intervention (SELF-BREATHE).MethodsSemi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with adults living with advanced malignant and nonmalignant disease and chronic breathlessness (July to November 2020). Interviews were analysed using conventional and summative content analysis.Results25 patients with advanced disease and chronic breathlessness (COPD n=13, lung cancer n=8, interstitial lung disease n=3, bronchiectasis n=1; 17 male; median (range) age 70 (47–86) years; median (range) Medical Research Council dyspnoea score 3 (2−5)) were interviewed. Individuals highlighted strong preferences for focused education, methods to increase self-motivation and engagement, interventions targeting breathing and physical function, software capability to personalise the content of SELF-BREATHE to make it more meaningful to the user, and aesthetically designed content using various communication methods including written, video and audio content. Furthermore, they identified the need to address motivation as a key potential determinant of the success of SELF-BREATHE.ConclusionOur findings provide an essential foundation for future digital intervention development (SELF-BREATHE) and scaled research.
Telemedicine and virtual respiratory care in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Pinnock Hilary , Murphie Phyllis , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Poberezhets Vitalii 
Published: May 2022

The World Health Organization defines telemedicine as “an interaction between a healthcare provider and a patient when the two are separated by distance”. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced a dramatic shift to telephone and video consulting for follow-up and routine ambulatory care for reasons of infection control. Short message service (“text”) messaging has proved a useful adjunct to remote consulting, allowing the transfer of photographs and documents. Maintaining the care of noncommunicable diseases is a core component of pandemic preparedness and telemedicine has developed to enable (for example) remote monitoring of sleep apnoea, telemonitoring of COPD, digital support for asthma self-management and remote delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation. There are multiple exemplars of telehealth instigated rapidly to provide care for people with COVID-19, to manage the spread of the pandemic or to maintain safe routine diagnostic or treatment services.Despite many positive examples of equivalent functionality and safety, there remain questions about the impact of remote delivery of care on rapport and the longer term impact on patient/professional relationships. Although telehealth has the potential to contribute to universal health coverage by providing cost-effective accessible care, there is a risk of increasing social health inequalities if the “digital divide” excludes those most in need of care. As we emerge from the pandemic, the balance of remoteversusface-to-face consulting, and the specific role of digital health in different clinical and healthcare contexts will evolve. What is clear is that telemedicine in one form or another will be part of the “new norm”.