bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Group A rotavirus in rodents and shrews in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Ariful , Hossain Mohammad Enayet , Islam Ausraful , Islam Shariful , Rahman Md. Kaisar , Hasan Rashedul , Miah Mojnu , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRodents and shrews live in close proximity to humans and have been identified as important hosts of zoonotic pathogens. This study aimed to detect Group A rotavirus (RVA) and its potential risk factors in rodents and shrews in Bangladesh. We captured 417 small mammals from 10 districts with a high degree of contact between people and domestic animals and collected rectal swab samples between June 2011 and October 2013. We tested the swab samples for RVA RNA, targeting the NSP3 gene segment using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Overall, RVA prevalence was the same (6.7%) in both rodents and shrews. We detected RVA RNA in 5.3% of Bandicota bengalensis (4/76; 95% CI: 1.4–12.9), 5.1% of B. indica (4/79; 95% CI: 1.4–12.4), 18.2% of Mus musculus (4/22; 95% CI: 5.2–40.3), 6.7% of Rattus rattus (6/90; 95% CI: 2.5–13.9), and 6.7% of Suncus murinus (10/150; 95% CI: 3.2–11.9). We found significantly more RVA in males (10.4%; OR: 3.4; P = 0.007), animals with a poor body condition score (13.9%; OR: 2.7; P = 0.05), during wet season (8.3%; OR: 4.1; P = 0.032), and in urban land gradients (10.04%; OR: 2.9; P = 0.056). These findings form a basis for understanding the prevalence of rotaviruses circulating among rodents and shrews in this region. We recommend additional molecular studies to ascertain the genotype and zoonotic potential of RVA circulating in rodents and shrews in Bangladesh.
Scaling Up Sign Spotting Through Sign Language Dictionaries
Authors: Varol Gül , Momeni Liliane , Albanie Samuel , Afouras Triantafyllos , Zisserman Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe focus of this work issign spotting–given a video of an isolated sign, our task is to identifywhetherandwhereit has been signed in a continuous, co-articulated sign language video. To achieve this sign spotting task, we train a model using multiple types of available supervision by: (1)watchingexisting footage which is sparsely labelled using mouthing cues; (2)readingassociated subtitles (readily available translations of the signed content) which provide additionalweak-supervision; (3)looking upwords (for which no co-articulated labelled examples are available) in visual sign language dictionaries to enable novel sign spotting. These three tasks are integrated into a unified learning framework using the principles of Noise Contrastive Estimation and Multiple Instance Learning. We validate the effectiveness of our approach on low-shot sign spotting benchmarks. In addition, we contribute a machine-readable British Sign Language (BSL) dictionary dataset of isolated signs,BslDict, to facilitate study of this task. The dataset, models and code are available at our project page.
A novel feature-based framework enabling multi-type DDoS attacks detection
Authors: Zhou Lu , Zhu Ye , Xiang Yong , Zong Tianrui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDistributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are among the most severe threats in cyberspace. The existing methods are only designed to decide whether certain types of DDoS attacks are ongoing. As a result, they cannot detect other types of attacks, not to mention the even more challenging mixed DDoS attacks. In this paper, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of various types of DDoS attacks and innovatively proposed five new features from heterogeneous packets including entropy rate of IP source flow, entropy rate of flow, entropy of packet size, entropy rate of packet size, and number of ICMP destination unreachable packet to detect not only various types of DDoS attacks, but also the mixture of them. The experimental results show that the proposed fives features ranked at the top compared with other common features in terms of effectiveness. Besides, by using these features, our proposed framework outperforms the existing methods when detecting various DDoS attacks and mixed DDoS attacks. The detection accuracy improvements over the existing methods are between 21% and 53%.
Being More Educated and Earning More Increases Romantic Interest: Data from 1.8 M Online Daters from 24 Nations
Authors: Jonason Peter K. , Thomas Andrew G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow humans choose their mates is a central feature of adult life and an area of considerable disagreement among relationship researchers. However, few studies have examined mate choice (instead of mate preferences) around the world, and fewer still have considered data from online dating services. Using data from more than 1.8 million online daters from 24 countries, we examined the role of sex and resource-acquisition ability (as indicated by level of education and income) in mate choice using multilevel modeling. We then attempted to understand country-level variance by examining factors such as gender equality and the operational sex ratio. In every nation, a person’s resource-acquisition ability was positively associated with the amount of attention they received from other site members. There was a marked sex difference in this effect; resource-acquisition ability improved the attention received by men almost 2.5 times that of women. This sex difference was in every country, admittedly with some variance between nations. Several country-level traits moderated the effects of resource-acquisition ability, and in the case of unemployment this moderating role differed by sex. Overall, country-level effects were more consistent with evolutionary explanations than sociocultural ones. The results suggest a robust effect of resource-acquisition ability on real-life mate choice that transcends international boundaries and is reliably stronger for men than women. Cross-cultural variance in the role of resource-acquisition ability appears sensitive to local competition and gender equality at the country level.
A Bridging-Community (ABC) Project: A Community Building Social Participation Intervention Among Resettled Refugees in Boston
Authors: Versey H. Shellae , Murad Serene , McPhee Isobel , Schwarz Willa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGiven the complexities of displacement and resettlement in the United States (US), few resources have been invested in facilitating social relationships, social integration, and social support for recently resettled refugees. Studies indicate low levels of socialization and thus extreme isolation among refugees, suggesting the need to create additional safety nets that encourage social connectivity (Strang & Quinn, 2019). In partnership with a resettlement agency, university researchers developed a pilot study exploring the feasibility and impact of a social participation intervention for a target group of recently resettled refugees. Research facilitators from the A Bridging-Community (or ABC) Project hosted weekly social events for resettled refugees (N=12). Participants were split into three groups and attended social events either two, four, or six times over a four month period. To assess the experiences of participants in the program, survey data were collected at the beginning and end of the program, and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted upon entry into the program and at the conclusion of the study. Findings suggest that the ABC Project helped cultivate new relationships and a sense of belonging among participants, with stronger results observed among participants who met four or six times. The overall effectiveness of the program was rated highly by all participants, indicating a need for additional research about targeted social interventions among groups at risk for social isolation.
Sacrifices from relocation to a foreign land: Multifaceted challenges experienced by self-initiated expatriate female nurses during cross-cultural adjustment
Authors: Zakaria Norhayati , Yusuf Bibi Noraini Mohd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory study is to understand the nature and multidimensional challenges of cross-cultural adjustment as experienced by female Malaysian self-initiated expatriates (SIE) working as registered nurses (RNs) in Saudi Arabia. In-depth interviews with twenty-two Malaysian SIE RNs provided rich data on their adjustment experiences. The resulting data were subjected to a qualitative content analysis using Black, Mendenhall, and Oddou's (Black et al., 1991) cross-cultural adjustment (CCA) model. The results show that the nurses faced several challenges. Five themes emerged: learning to speak Arabic, adapting to a confrontational communication style, facing new work practices, dealing with homesickness and loneliness, and adjusting to new gender norms at work and in public. This study contributes to our understanding of expatriate adjustment by providing new interpretations of the cultural challenges faced by female SIEs and the nature of their adjustment process. The results also support the literature on expatriation by highlighting the challenges of cultural adjustment and giving specific information on the conditions and constraints facing female RNs in Saudi Arabia, a subject that has received little critical attention so far.
Promoting Workplace Guidance and Workplace–School Collaboration in Vocational Training: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Nykänen Mikko , Kurki Anna-Leena , Airila Auli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this mixed-method pilot study was to expand the understanding of potential methods to support collaboration between vocational schools and workplaces and to enhance workplace guidance processes. Specifically, we evaluated whether a Cultural-historical Activity theory-based intervention program could have beneficial effects on school–workplace collaboration and on the individual-level competencies of the teachers and workplace personnel. Our results indicate that the change workshop provides a potential mechanism for enhancing personal competencies such as self-efficacy and for promoting collaboration between schools and workplaces, especially in terms of defining objectives for workplace learning. Our study also highlighted how the change workshop method has the potential to trigger expansive learning, in which school personnel and workplace trainers, through learning actions, can change and create new ways of working together. This study highlights the importance of providing workplaces and educational institutions with opportunities to share experiences and learn how to promote workplace-situated learning together.
Real simple symplectic triple systems
Authors: Draper Cristina , Elduque Alberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe simple symplectic triple systems over the real numbers are classified up to isomorphism, and linear models of all of them are provided. Besides the split cases, there are two kinds of non-split real simple symplectic triple systems with classical enveloping algebra, called unitarian and quaternionic types, and five non-split real simple symplectic triple systems with exceptional enveloping algebra.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alcohol Treatment Access and Harm Prevention in West Africa: Reports from NGOs and Community-Based Organizations
Authors: Swahn Monica H. , Balenger Adelaide , Umenze Franklin , Aneja Ritu , Bureh Thomas A. , W. Dumbili Emeka , Obot Isidore 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent research highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted alcohol consumption patterns, yet research thus far has largely overlooked the experience in West Africa. Research also has not addressed how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected access to alcohol treatment, support, and alcohol harm prevention. This study addresses this research gap in West Africa, a low-resource setting with a very high burden of alcohol harm.

Objectives
To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use, access to alcohol, treatment access, and alcohol harm prevention activities in West Africa.

Methods
This study analyzed data from a cross-sectional online survey conducted in August and September of 2020 and distributed by the West Africa Alcohol Policy Alliance to their member alliances and stakeholders across nine countries (N = 140 participants) to understand their perceptions on COVID-19 and alcohol-related topics.

Results
Our findings convey a significant adverse impact on alcohol-focused NGOs and community-based organizations in West Africa. Overall, 94% of participants indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted their organizations’ work. In addition, 71% of participants reported reduced access to alcohol treatment or support in their communities. Lastly, 44% of the respondents indicated that people in their community drank less alcohol than usual, and only 33% answered that they perceived it to be harder to get alcohol.

Conclusions
These data underscore the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across West Africa with respect to accessing alcohol treatment and organizational capacity to address alcohol harm. With the lack of infrastructure to address alcohol harm, this impact could exacerbate the high level of alcohol use and harm in the region.
A Human Security Angle of Conflicts: The Case of Farmer–Herder Conflict in Ghana
Authors: Marfo Samuel , Bolaji Mohammed Hadi Abdul-Ganiy , Tseer Tobias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Ghana, the economic costs of violent conflicts (loss of jobs and revenue, drop in gross domestic product, and disruption of production chain) have been well documented. However, there is little scholarly work on such conflicts’ human security costs, a critical element in contemporary security management arrangements. This study examines the costs of violent conflicts from a human security perspective using the farmer–herder conflict in the Agogo community in the Ashanti region of Ghana as a case study. A total of 400 participants were randomly and purposely selected. A χ2 test was employed to determine the association of rape, armed robbery, arson and murder with the farmer–herder conflict. The study found that at a 5% margin of error, the p value for armed robbery was 0.01, rape was 0.01, arson was 0.03 and murder was 0.00, indicating a close association between these variables and the conflict.
Sulh-i kull to Vedānta: The Dādū Panth and the Mughal-Rajput imperial paradigm
Authors: Rajpurohit Dalpat S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCentred on the ‘devotion to the ineffable divine’ (nirguṇ bhakti), the sectarian community known as the Dādū Panth (lit. ‘Dādū's path) had a class of sant-intellectuals who conceived their tradition on high literary and philosophical grounds. Succeeding on the local level, but aspiring to imperial ties, the intellectuals of the Dādū Panth not only built their community identity in relation to the Mughal-Rajput imperial milieu but also to the overlapping ideals of emerging sulh-i kull (universal peace) and Vedānta paradigms. Such expertise on the part of the Dādū Panthīs made their ties with the Marwar royal polity strong and long-lasting, as demonstrated in their hagiographical accounts which are corroborated by land grants by the kingdom. Later in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when the imperial order was waning, the Dādū Panthīs expanded their networks in the Rajput courts of not only Rajasthan, but also Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. The sants of the bhakti movement(s) are normally thought to have had a lower-caste base—and thus a subaltern voice—but the example of the Dādū Panth presented in this article demonstrates that sants’ social base was broad and that the interrelation of sant-bhakti with the courtly order was strong; sant-bhakti therefore needs to be rethought in the study of bhakti traditions.
Special issue on recent advances in field and service robotics: handling harsh environments and cooperation
Authors: Ha Quang P. , La Hung M. , Wang Shuo , Balaguer Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis Special Issue of theRoboticais on recent advances in field and service robotics with a focus on the use of robotic and autonomous technologies to handle tasks in harsh environments and tasks that involve the multirobot cooperation and human–robot interactions.
Suicide versus Euthanasia in the American Press in the 1890s and 1900s: “A Man Should be Permitted to Go Out of This World Whenever He Sees Fit”
Authors: YUILL KEVIN 
Published: April 2022

AbstractToleration of suicide and the campaign to legalize euthanasia, this article shows, are historically separate developments. From the early 1880s to the 1900s the American press featured moral discussions of suicide alongside gloomy roll calls and expressions of anxiety about an alleged increase in suicide. Focusing on an extensive discussion in the San Francisco Call in 1896, the article shows that Robert G. Ingersoll’s liberal individualist toleration of suicide clearly resonated with many Americans at the time. I trace the rise of suicide from private tragedy to public issue in the United States. Perhaps surprisingly, there was no crossover with euthanasia and no call whatever for assistance with suicide, despite the frequent employment of the plight of the terminally ill in the discussion. Finally, the article shows that those who called for euthanasia thought of it as a human utility and not a right.
Voters in a Foreign Land: Alien Suffrage in the United States, 1704–1926
Authors: KENNEDY ALAN H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs early as 1704, noncitizen immigrants were legally allowed to vote in what would become the United States. By the end of the eighteenth century, noncitizens could legally vote in most states. State lawmakers offered the franchise as an incentive for white, male, Europeans of working age to migrate. However, rising immigration and nativism led states to reconsider alien suffrage, as noncitizen voting was known, and alien suffrage nearly disappeared by the 1840s. Revived by territorial expansion, demands for cheap labor, urbanization, racism, and sexism, alien suffrage expanded in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, peaking a century after the nation’s founding. However, resurgent nativism, wartime xenophobia, and corruption concerns pushed lawmakers to curtail noncitizen voting, and citizenship became a voting prerequisite in every state by 1926.
Adolescent peer struggles predict accelerated epigenetic aging in midlife
Authors: Allen Joseph P. , Danoff Joshua S. , Costello Meghan A. , Loeb Emily L. , Davis Alida A. , Hunt Gabrielle L. , Gregory Simon G. , Giamberardino Stephanie N. , Connelly Jessica J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examined struggles to establish autonomy and relatedness with peers in adolescence and early adulthood as predictors of advanced epigenetic aging assessed at age 30. Participants (N= 154; 67 male and 87 female) were observed repeatedly, along with close friends and romantic partners, from ages 13 through 29. Observed difficulty establishing close friendships characterized by mutual autonomy and relatedness from ages 13 to 18, an interview-assessed attachment state of mind lacking autonomy and valuing of attachment at 24, and self-reported difficulties in social integration across adolescence and adulthood were all linked to greater epigenetic age at 30, after accounting for chronological age, gender, race, and income. Analyses assessing the unique and combined effects of these factors, along with lifetime history of cigarette smoking, indicated that each of these factors, except for adult social integration, contributed uniquely to explaining epigenetic age acceleration. Results are interpreted as evidence that the adolescent preoccupation with peer relationships may be highly functional given the relevance of such relationships to long-term physical outcomes.
Dragon and bear dancing a waltz under the sharp-clawed eagle: three critical junctures, aggravating threat perceptions, and evolving strategic ties between China and Russia
Authors: Kwon Jaebeom , Jeh Sung Hoon , Lee Kihyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the contemporary world order, one of the most attention-getting issues is the recent consolidation of defense and strategic engagement between China and Russia, specifically since the early 2010s. Throughout a critical juncture angle, this study attempts to explain what led to the reinforcement of these China–Russia relations, and how their strategic ties have evolved. This study argues that the three critical junctures driven by the USA – the US Pivot to Asia, the Ukraine Crisis and the US-led sanctions against Russia, and the US THAAD deployment to Korea – aggravated China and Russia's perception of threat from the USA, which contributed to the incremental China–Russia strategic and defense ties.
Mechanisms of Estuarine Salt‐Plug Formation by an Along‐Shelf Buoyant Current: A Numerical Model Approach
Authors: Juarez Braulio , Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo , Canestrelli Alberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile estuarine salt plugs can develop worldwide in basins adjacent to buoyant coastal currents, their formation has been scarcely documented. This study aims to investigate a mechanism for salt‐plug formation that disregards evaporation processes but involves a buoyant coastal current modified by wind stresses. A numerical model, Delft3D, is used to study the salt‐plug formation in an idealized bay connected to the ocean by a single inlet. Inspired by recent observations, the numerical experiments simulate eight different scenarios of tidal and wind forcing under the influence of an along‐shelf buoyant current. Results show salt‐plug formation that induces inverse exchange at the inlet, with inflow at the surface and outflow underneath. This exchange circulation is modified by wind action. The persistence of the salt plug depends on tidal flushing and on wind forcing. Two numerical experiments with nonstationary buoyant currents and nonstationary winds indicate that: (a) a salt plug forms when a buoyant current is active on the shelf and traps salty water that enters the bay during times of buoyant current relaxation; (b) the presence of the buoyant current induces an inverse circulation at the inlet, modified by the wind action; and (c) onshore and then downwelling winds enhance the inverse circulation at the inlet, while offshore and then upwelling winds stall it. Bay flushing times increase due to the presence of the salt plug. This study represents an initial attempt to identify the role of wind and buoyant coastal currents on salt‐plug formation.