bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of the teledentistry landscape in Australia: A scoping review
Authors: Poirier Brianna , Jensen Emilija , Sethi Sneha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere has been a recent surge in the use of teledentistry services in Australia that has paralleled the COVID‐19 pandemic. Due to the limited published literature reflecting on this transition, this article employed a systematic scoping review methodology.ObjectiveThe objective was to explore the role of teledentistry in the provision of clinical dental services in Australia.DesignTwo independent reviewers searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature sources to identify literature eligible for inclusion. The search was restricted to Australia and service delivery. Data were categorically synthesised by modalities and reported benefits and limitations; findings were cross‐referenced with the COVID‐19 pandemic timeline.FindingsThe systematic search identified 758 articles, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria. Results highlight a range of service providers and definitions of teledentistry. A shift in modality from asynchronous towards synchronous teledentistry pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 pandemic is detailed.DiscussionWhilst highly useful during the COVID‐19 pandemic, teledentistry provides a unique opportunity to continue to increase the accessibility of dental services, especially for patients in rural areas or those who are immunocompromised.ConclusionClinicians and researchers must consider opportunities to merge existing research with the recent clinical uptake of teledentistry for patients that would benefit from teledental services beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Effects of a regional–rural immersion program in Northland, New Zealand, on returning to work in that region
Authors: Connell Charlotte J. W. , Bagg Warwick , Jo Emmanuel , Poole Phillippa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionIt is well established that rural workforce outcomes are more likely among medical graduates who spend time training in non‐urban areas; however, fewer studies have assessed whether graduates are more likely to return to the specific area where they undertook rural training.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether graduates who had undertaken a regional–rural immersion program in Northland, NZ, were more likely to have returned to work in Northland as of mid‐2021, relative to peers who did not participate.DesignThis prospective cohort study used longitudinal tracking survey responses, medical school administrative data and workforce outcome information. A multinomial model, accounting for other covariates, was built to determine the association between graduates practising in Northland (population ⟨ 100 000), which encompasses both rural (population ⟨ 25 000) and regional (25 000 ⟩ population ⟨ 100 000) areas, and having participated in a Northland‐based immersion program during medical school. The study population was University of Auckland domestic medical students graduating between 2009 and 2018, inclusive. Immersion program participants who responded to longitudinal career tracking surveys were included in the study sample.FindingsThe final sample size was 1320 students (80% of population of interest). Graduates who undertook the Northland immersion program (n = 169) were more likely than non‐participants (n = 1151) to be working in Northland as of 2020–2021 (relative risk: 3.2).Discussion and ConclusionRegional–rural immersion programs might preferentially build workforces in that specific region; however, further research is required to understand whether these findings are generalizable, and the main reasons for this effect.
Long‐term study on electrophysiological characteristics and catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricular posterior papillary muscles guided by intracardiac ultrasound
Authors: Liu Xiangfei , Wang Jin , Gong Yanwei , Wei Changmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the left ventricular posterior papillary muscles (LPPM) and explore the efficiency of catheter ablation using three‐dimensional intracardiac ultrasound technology.MethodsTwenty‐seven cases of premature ventricular contraction/ventricular tachycardia (PVC/VT) originating from the left ventricular posterior papillary muscles were recorded from July 2015 to June 2019 in the Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Electrophysiological mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) were performed using three‐dimensional intracardiac ultrasound technology. The characteristics of the body surface and intracavity electrocardiogram were analyzed. All cases were followed up for 24 months after the operation.ResultsThe VAs of all 27 cases were successfully eliminated by catheter ablation. QRS complexes were observed with a right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern and a steep slope in the initial segment. Lead I appeared with an Rs pattern, and inferior leads (lead II, III, and aVF) were usually with an S wave. The lead aVR appeared with a qR pattern, while the R wave was commonly found in aVL. The main wave in leads V1‐V3 was positive but negative in V5 and V6.ConclusionVentricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricular posterior papillary muscles have similar electrophysiological characteristics. The origin site was accurately located using three‐dimensional intracardiac ultrasound technology. Catheter ablation effectively eliminated VAs.
Association between complete right bundle branch block and atrial fibrillation development
Authors: Zhang Fu‐Tao , Liu Xiao‐Jie , Zhao Dan‐Qing , Wu Jin‐Tao , Zhang Lei‐Ming , Hu Juan , Fan Xian‐Wei , Yang Hai‐Tao , Yan Li‐Jie , Liu Jing‐Jing , Wang Shan‐Ling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundComplete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) is an important predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation. However, the association between CRBBB and AF development remains unclear.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 2639 patients (male, n = 1549; female, n = 1090; mean age, 58 ± 13 years). CRBBB was defined as a late R (R′) wave in lead V1 or V2 with a slurred S wave in lead I and/or lead V6 with a prolonged QRS duration (≥120 ms).ResultsAmong the 2639 patients, CRBBB was detected in 40 patients (1.5%), and the prevalence of AF was 7.4% (196/2639). The proportion of patients with AF and CRBBB was higher than the proportion of patients with AF without CRBBB (22.5% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.001). In the forward multivariate logistic analysis, CRBBB (odds ratio [OR], 3.329; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.350–8.211; p = 0.009), complete left bundle branch block (OR, 2.209; 95% CI, 1.238–3.940; p = 0.007), age (OR, 1.020; 95% CI, 1.005–1.035; p = 0.009), valvular heart disease (OR, 2.332; 95% CI, 1.531–3.552; p < 0.001), left atrial diameter (OR, 1.133; 95% CI, 1.104–1.163; p < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.006–1.041; p = 0.007), and class I or III anti‐arrhythmic drug use (OR, 10.534; 95% CI, 7.090–15.651; p < 0.001) were associated with AF.ConclusionComplete right bundle branch block was significantly associated with AF development in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Utility and pitfalls of the electrocardiogram in the evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Ng Perryn Lin Fei , Lim Yoke Ching , Evangelista Lauren Kay Mance , Wong Raymond Ching Chiew , Chai Ping , Sia Ching Hui , Loi Hoi Yin , Yeo Tiong Cheng , Lin Weiqin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. “Classical” electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this “classical” finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non‐invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium‐pyrophosphate imaging.ConclusionsElectrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition.
Pressure injuries are common in children with myelomeningocele: Results from a follow‐up programme and register
Authors: Stockman Jessica , Westbom Lena , Alriksson‐Schmidt Ann I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the occurrence of pressure injuries (PIs) in children with myelomeningocele (MMC) and to investigate the association between PIs and orthoses use by disability‐specific variables.MethodsPopulation‐based registry study including participants in the Swedish multidisciplinary follow‐up programme for MMC. Risks of PIs were investigated by birth cohort, country of birth, sex, type of MMC, muscle function level (MFL), and continence status.ResultsOf 180 participants, 29% had PIs recorded. Of the 132 participants with >1 assessment records, 17.4% reported multiple PI occasions. More assessments increased the likelihood of PIs (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.54) and participants born 2015–2018 had a lower OR of PIs than those born 2007–2010 (OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01–0.74). Those at MFL I had lower OR of PIs than those at MFL V (OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.64). Of the 73 participants with orthoses on the lower extremities, 47% reported skin irritations/injuries in the last 4 weeks; 30% reported that it made them stop using orthoses.ConclusionPressure injuries are common even in young children with MMC. Many have recurring skin irritations. Inspecting for PIs should be part of a daily routine and tools to increase compliance are needed.
Optimising homeothermy in neonates: A systematic review and clinical guidelines from the French Neonatal Society
Authors: Tourneux Pierre , Thiriez Gérard , Renesme Laurent , Zores Claire , Sizun Jacques , Kuhn Pierre ,   The Group of Reflection and Evaluation of the Environment of Newborns (GREEN) study group of the French Neonatology Society
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThermal instability is harmful on the newborn infant. We sought to draw up practical guidelines on maintaining homeothermy alongside skin‐to‐skin contact.MethodsA systematic analysis of the literature identified relevant studies between 2000 and 2021 in the PubMed database. Selected publications were evaluated, and their level of evidence was graded, in order to underpin the development of clinical guidelines.ResultsWe identified 7 meta‐analyses and 64 clinical studies with a focus on newborn infants homeothermy. Skin‐to‐skin contact is the easiest and most rapidly implementable method to prevent body heat loss. Alongside skin‐to‐skin contact, monitoring the newborn infant's body temperature with a target of 37.0°C is essential. For newborn infants <32 weeks of gestation, a skullcap and a polyethylene bag should be used in the delivery room or during transport. To limit water loss, inhaled gases humidification and warming is recommended, and preterm infants weighing less than 1600 g should be nursed in a closed, convective incubator. With regard to incubators, there are no clear benefits for single‐ versus double‐wall incubators as well as for air versus skin servo control.ConclusionAlongside skin‐to‐skin contact, a bundle of practical guidelines could improve the maintenance of homeothermy in the newborn infant.
Clinical trials and outcome reporting in congenital diaphragmatic hernia overlook long‐term health and functional outcomes—A plea for core outcomes
Authors: Lewis Leonie , Sinha Ian , Losty Paul D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo review the selection, measurement and reporting of outcomes in studies of interventions in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH).MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2000–2020 for randomised trials and observational studies. Outcomes reported were classified into seven key domains modelled on the patient journey.ResultsOur search yielded 118 papers; 27 were eligible. The most frequent domains measured were ‘short‐term markers of disease activity’ (17/27), whereas long‐term outcomes (3/27) and outcomes relating to functional health status (8/27) were reported infrequently. There was heterogeneity in the methods and timing of outcome reporting. Primary outcomes were varied and not always clearly stated.ConclusionLong‐term health and functional outcomes involving interventional studies in CDH are infrequently reported, which hinders the process of shared decision‐making and evidence‐based healthcare. A CDH core outcome set is needed to standardise outcome reporting that is relevant to both families and healthcare teams.
Review article: current and emerging therapies for acute alcohol‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Rattan Puru , Shah Vijay H. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundAlcohol‐associated hepatitis is an acute manifestation of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) and is associated with 30%–40% mortality at 28 days. Abstinence and corticosteroids are the mainstays of treatment, but the latter only improves short‐term mortality, so new and improved therapies remain an unmet need.AimsThe aim was to review the pathophysiology of alcohol‐associated hepatitis and how various targets can be used by current and emerging therapies as treatment.MethodsA thorough literature review was conducted on acute alcohol‐associated hepatitis, current therapies and therapies under investigation.ResultsWith the increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and ALD, the burden of alcohol‐associated hepatitis is also expected to rise. The current understanding of alcohol‐associated hepatitis pathophysiology has led to clinical trials of several therapies involving IL‐1 antagonism, modification of the gut microbiome and liver regeneration.ConclusionsCorticosteroid therapy for alcohol‐associated hepatitis is restricted in its applicability and has limited efficacy. Developing multidisciplinary, patient‐centred care models based on digital health technologies, in combination with continued discovery of novel therapies using multiomics data and computational biology techniques will be necessary to tackle the increasing burden of alcohol‐associated hepatitis.
Pharmacokinetics of free and total mycophenolic acid in paediatric and adult renal transplant recipients: Exploratory analysis of the effects of clinical factors and gene variants
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Huanxi , Li Jun , Liu Longshan , Wu Chenglin , Fu Qian , Huang Min , Chen Xiao , Wang Changxi , Chen Pan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClinical and genetic influencing factors on free fraction of mycophenolic acid (MPA) have rarely been discussed. The present study investigated whether the clinical and genetic factors could explain the variability in the pharmacokinetics of free MPA (fMPA) and total MPA (tMPA) in Chinese paediatric and adult renal transplant recipients. Twenty‐eight paediatric and 31 adult patients were enrolled, and the concentrations of tMPA and fMPA were determined at 0 h (predose) and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 and 12 h after mycophenolate mofetil administration. Genetic polymorphisms of UGTs (rs671448, rs1042597, rs2741049, rs62298861, rs7439366, rs12233719) and ABCC2 (rs717620) were simultaneously determined. The clinical and genetic data were analysed and reported. tMPA and fMPA concentrations adjusted for dose per body weight were consistently higher in adults than in paediatric patients. In the paediatric group, only albumin and time after transplantation correlated significantly with the MPA‐free fraction variation, which could explain 32.4% of the variability. Besides, ABCC2 polymorphism, albumin and time after transplantation correlated significantly with the MPA‐free fraction variation in adults, which could explain 56.9% of the variability. The influencing factors in the paediatric group are different from those in adults, which may be due to age‐related transporter expression.
Closed Testing with Globaltest, with Application in Metabolomics
Authors: Xu Ningning , Solari Aldo , Goeman Jelle J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Globaltest is a powerful test for the global null hypothesis that there is no association between a group of features and a response of interest, which is popular in pathway testing in metabolomics. Evaluating multiple feature sets, however, requires multiple testing correction. In this paper, we propose a multiple testing method, based on closed testing, specifically designed for the Globaltest. The proposed method controls the familywise error rate simultaneously over all possible feature sets, and therefore allows post hoc inference, that is, the researcher may choose feature sets of interest after seeing the data without jeopardizing error control. To circumvent the exponential computation time of closed testing, we derive a novel shortcut that allows exact closed testing to be performed on the scale of metabolomics data. An R package ctgt is available on comprehensive R archive network for the implementation of the shortcut procedure, with applications on several real metabolomics data examples.
Does product market competition discipline managers? Evidence from an exogenous trade shock and corporate acquisitions
Authors: Alimov Azizjon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch question/issueThis study uses the 1989 Canada‐United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) to study the effect of increased foreign competition on the efficiency of major corporate investment decisions. The analysis builds on the disciplining theories of competition that suggest that managers facing greater competition should make better investment decisions, resulting in more wealth created for shareholders.Research findings/insightsUsing a sample of more than 2000 mergers and acquisitions, the study finds that acquirers exposed to greater increases in foreign competition experience better acquisition performance. The positive impact of increased competition is stronger in acquirers with relatively higher agency costs prior to the FTA. Managers of acquirers exposed to greater foreign competition are more likely to be terminated following value‐destroying acquisitions.Theoretical/academic implicationsThis study provides novel empirical evidence showing that increased foreign competition results in better investment decisions and that the result is likely due to the disciplining effects of competition. This evidence adds to a growing body of work on the disciplining role of competition and on the effects of increased foreign competition on corporate decision‐making.Practitioner/policy implicationsThis study is relevant to policymakers because the extent of competition can be influenced by policy decisions. For regulators, it is worth considering that reducing import tariffs and other entry barriers into product markets may lower agency costs and increase the efficiency of corporate investment. This is a topical issue due to the increase in globalization and ongoing debates about further liberalization of trade relations.
Does proxy voting really promote corporate sustainability?
Authors: Bernard Julie , Boiral Olivier , Guillaumie Laurence , Brotherton Marie‐Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch question/issueThis study explores the challenges faced by responsible investment and shareholder activism practitioners in integrating sustainability by means of proxy voting as shareholder engagement strategy.Research findings/insightsProxy voting guidelines that sometimes include sustainability provisions are applied in a very elastic and inconsistent way. Proxy voting agents are expected to follow the guidelines; they explain their non‐compliance by pointing out the guidelines' vagueness, the opacity of current proxy voting practices, and portfolio managers not necessarily aligned with their clients' stated sustainability commitments, along with their perceptions of what is in the best interest of the clients.Theoretical/academic implicationsThis study sheds new light on processes underlying proxy voting practices for sustainability, which have been largely overlooked in the literature. By opening the “black box” of proxy voting processes, this study challenges the dominant optimism in this area and raises serious concerns regarding the effectiveness of current shareholder activism practices. This paper also contributes to the critical literature on corporate sustainability and neo‐institutional approaches by showing that the use of proxy voting guidelines in this area can be considered as a rational myth based on symbolic commitments divorced from substantial change in the dominant financial logic.Practitioner/policy implicationsThis paper has important practical implications for institutional investors, organizations involved in proxy voting practices, and stakeholders in general. Among other things, this article shows the importance of clarifying the commitments included in proxy voting procedures, monitoring their application, and providing training on ESG issues to the actors involved in implementing the guidelines.