bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman signatures of detonation soot
Authors: Villa‐Aleman Eliel , Darvin Jason R. , Nielsen Michael H. , Willey Trevor M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoot generated from the detonation of nine explosives was investigated with Raman microspectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The first order bands, located at approximately 1,580 (G), 1,350 (D1), 1,620 cm−1 (D2), 1,500 (D3), and 1,200 (D4), are used to provide information on the carbon allotropes and defects. The intensity ratios and the full‐width at half‐maximum provide an indication of the disorder in the material. The Raman spectra of soot acquired from the detonation of nine explosives showed differences which can be used to identify the precursor explosive. Most differences in the spectra were correlated with the presence of amorphous carbon in the soot. In additional to identification of distinct bands in the spectra via deconvolution, principal component analysis was also used to differentiate the different types of soot. HRTEM performed on soot samples with different explosive precursors identified several distinct allotropes of carbon such as nanodiamonds, carbon onions, graphite fibers, and amorphous carbon.
Cuff inflation technique is better than Magill forceps technique to facilitate nasotracheal intubation guiding by GlideScope® video laryngoscope
Authors: Lin Chia‐Heng , Tseng Kuang‐Yi , Su Miao‐Pei , Chuang Wen‐Ming , Hu Ping‐Yang , Cheng Kuang‐I 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVideo laryngoscopy is often selected to assist nasotracheal intubation in allowing better laryngeal visualization, although there is no comparative study evaluating the effectiveness between auxiliary techniques by using Magill forceps and inflated cuff in GlideScope video laryngoscopy for nasotracheal intubation. Fifty‐one of 100 patients in a Magill forceps group and 47 of 100 patients in a cuff inflation group were included in the final analysis in this randomized, single‐blind, parallel, clinical trial study. Induction agents were routinely administered according to body weight, while intubation time spent, attempts, and related side effects were recorded. Compared to the Magill forceps group, the cuff inflation technique shortened the total intubation time (70.0 ± 24.5 s vs. 87.0 ± 25.0 s, p = 0.001) and the time of advancing the nasotracheal tube from oropharyngeal space into the trachea (25.9 ± 16.4 s vs. 42.3 ± 21.2 s, p < 0.001). However, the number of intubation attempts was not significantly different between groups. During tube advancement, the tube was rotated to accommodate the glottis and trachea more frequently in the cuff inflation group (p = 0.009), but the blade of the laryngoscope shifted and was adjusted to the proper position more frequently in the Magill forceps group (p < 0.001). In the Magill forceps group, the tube cuff might be clipped incidentally and the intubator might shift their gaze away from the screen during intubation, although there was no significant difference in intubation‐related side effects between groups. Unlike the conventional approach, nasotracheal intubation with the GlideScope® video laryngoscope using the auxiliary technique of cuff inflation could be more suited than using Magill forceps.
Effects of Silica Support Properties on the Performance of Immobilized Metallocene Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Tran Dennis , Zhang Chen , Choi Kyu Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe choice of the silica support for α‐olefin polymerization catalysts has overwhelming ramifications on the overall metal loading, catalyst performance, and properties of the resulting polymer. There are several physical properties of a silica support to consider but the pore volume and pore diameter are the two of the most important support properties in such considerations. During the catalyst immobilization process and the subsequent polymerization reaction, the change in the pore volume can either facilitate or inhibit the mass transfer of catalytic compounds and monomers within and throughout the catalyst particle. This work presents the experimental study on the effects of pore diameter and pore volume in porous silica particles used to support rac‐Et(ind)2ZrCl2 catalyst on ethylene polymerization. The amount of immobilized methylaluminoxane (MAO) is varied for three commercially available silica micro‐particles with similar surface areas and particle sizes. It has been observed that each type of silica exhibits different effects of the immobilized MAO on their pore characteristics, although a general trend is observed. Ethylene polymerization in slurry phase with the prepared supported catalysts also shows that the polymerization activities can be correlated with pore diameter and surface area for the three silica supports.
Phosphoproteomic studies of alamandine signaling in CHO‐MrgD and human pancreatic carcinoma cells: An antiproliferative effect is unveiled
Authors: da Silva Filipe Alex , Rodrigues‐Ribeiro Lucas , Melo‐Braga Marcella Nunes , Passos‐Silva Danielle Gomes , Sampaio Walkyria Oliveira , Gorshkov Vladimir , Kjeldsen Frank , Verano‐Braga Thiago , Santos Robson Augusto Souza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlamandine is a heptapeptide from the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) with similar structure/function to angiotensin‐(1‐7) [ang‐(1‐7)], but they act via different receptors. It remains elusive whether alamandine is an antiproliferative agent like ang‐(1‐7). The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential antiproliferative activity of alamandine and the underlying cellular signaling. We evaluated alamandine effect in the tumoral cell lines Mia PaCa‐2 and A549, and in the nontumoral cell lines HaCaT, CHO and CHO transfected with the alamandine receptor MrgD (CHO‐MrgD). Alamandine was able to reduce the proliferation of the tumoral cell lines in a MrgD‐dependent fashion. We did not observe any effect in the nontumoral cell lines tested. We also performed proteomics and phosphoproteomics to study the alamandine signaling in Mia PaCa‐2 and CHO‐MrgD. Data suggest that alamandine induces a shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in the tumoral cells, induces a negative regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activates the transcriptional factor FoxO1; events that could explain, at least partially, the observed antiproliferative effect of alamandine. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive investigation of the alamandine signaling in tumoral (Mia PaCa‐2) and nontumoral (CHO‐MrgD) cells, highlighting the antiproliferative activity of alamandine/MrgD and its possible antitumoral effect.
“Dual‐Track” platform governance on content: A comparative study between China and United States
Authors: Liu Jinhe , Yang Le 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn Internet platform carrying information content has dual properties of content (information) and technology (medium). We deconstruct the complicated relationships of platform governance on content in China and the United States by building a theoretical framework of dual‐track governance of content and technology. China's mechanism of platform governance on content focuses more on content governance, while the U.S. focuses more on technology governance. China and the U.S. is dominated by the state and the market separately, forming the two mechanisms of “Statism with Content Regulation First” and “Marketism with Technology Governance First”, with four different characteristics. TikTok Path, following the "Separation Principle" of content governance and technology governance, is a feasible approach for the platform company that attempts to go abroad to adapt to different or even conflicting governance contexts.
Questioning the poverty line aggregation approach in India: Issues of mismatches and overlaps
Authors: Arora Akarsh , Singh Sukhpal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Rangarajan Expert Group (REG), an official constituted panel of experts, decided to extend the traditional practice of food component‐based poverty line to three components (food, essential nonfood, and other nonfood) based poverty line. Although this multiple component‐based poverty identification is an innovative step; the present study questions the justification for combining the food and nonfood dimensions and estimating poverty just by an aggregated poverty line as presented by the REG. To test this argument empirically, this study evaluates the mismatches and overlaps in poverty identification based on the REG approach of an aggregated poverty line and the proposed component‐specific poverty line approach in the present study, using the unit level data of the 68th round of the Consumption Expenditure Survey of NSSO (conducted during 2011–2012). Our analysis reveals a high proportion of mismatches (with minimal overlaps) and therefore, this nullifies the notion that the REG aggregated poverty line‐based poverty identification is capable of measuring food and nonfood deprivations separately. Moreover, the substantial evidence of misclassification errors between “poor” as per the REG aggregated poverty line and the three constructed categories of poor by the present study namely “Ultra poor,” “Actually poor,” and “Possibly poor” also shows that the REG aggregated poverty line cannot serve as a proxy to represent the extent of joint deprivation in food, essential nonfood, and other nonfood components.
Enigma variations: The multi‐faceted problems of pre‐school wheeze
Authors: Chatziparasidis Grigorios , Bush Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNumerous publications on wheezing disorders in children younger than 6 years have appeared in the medical literature over the last decades with the aim of shedding light on the mechanistic pathways (endotypes) and treatment. Nevertheless, there is yet no consensus as to the appropriate way to manage preschool wheeze mainly because of the lack of a clear definition of “preschool asthma” and the paucity of scientific evidence concerning its underlying endotypes. A symptom‐based approach is inadequate since the human airway can respond to external stimuli with a limited range of symptoms and signs, including cough and wheeze, and these manifestations represent the final expression of many clinical entities with potentially different pathophysiologies requiring different individualized treatments. Hence, new studies challenge the symptom‐based approach and promote the importance of managing the wheezy child based on the “airway phenotype.” This will enable the clinician to identify not only the child with a serious underlying pathology (e.g., a structural airway disorder or immunodeficiency) who is in need of prompt and specific treatment but also increase the specificity of treatment for the child with symptoms suggestive of an “asthma” syndrome. In the latter case, focus should be given to the identification of treatable traits. This review summarizes the current understanding in management of preschool wheezing and highlights the unmet need for further research.
DNA damage repair gene germline profiling for metastatic prostate cancer patients of different ancestries
Authors: Abdi Bilal , Basset Noemie , Perrot Emmanuel , Benderra Marc‐Antoine , Khalil Ahmed , Oudard Stephane , Blanchet Pascal , Brureau Laurent , Coulet Florence , Cussenot Olivier , Cancel‐Tassin Geraldine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGermline and somatic mutations in DNA damage repair genes (DDRg) are now recognized as new biomarkers for the management of metastatic prostate cancers (mPC). We evaluate the frequency of germline DDRg mutations among French mPC patients of European and African ancestries.MethodsTargeted next‐generation sequencing of 21 DDRg was performed on germline DNA from 557 mPC patients, including 15.1% of cases with an African origin.ResultsForty‐seven germline mutations in 11 DDR genes were identified in 46 patients of the total cohort (8.3%). BRCA2 (4.1%) and ATM (2.0%) were the most frequently mutated genes. There was no difference in DDRg mutation frequency between mPC patients of European ancestry and those of African origin. Germline mutations of BRCA2 were associated with a positive family history of breast cancer (p = 0.02). The mean age at metastatic stage (59.7 vs. 67.0; p = 0.0003) and the mean age at death (65.2 vs. 73.9; p = 0.0003) were significantly earlier for carriers of BRCA2 mutation than for non‐carriers. Moreover, the Cox model showed that BRCA2 positive status was statistically associated with poorer survival (hazard ratio: 0.29; 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.48; p < 0.0001).ConclusionWe showed that, in France, BRCA2 and ATM are the main predisposing DDR genes in mPC patients, with a particular aggressiveness for BRCA2 leading to early metastatic stage and death.
Clinically important changes in right ventricular volume and function in pulmonary arterial hypertension assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Göransson Christoffer , Vejlstrup Niels , Carlsen Jørn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) dilatation predicts clinical worsening in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and RV volumes can be measured with high precision using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. In regular follow‐up of patients and in studies of improvement in RV function, knowledge of clinically significant changes of RV volumes and function are of relevance. Patients with PAH were followed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessment at 6‐month intervals. Changes in RV volumes associated with changes in clinical status were assessed. Twenty‐five patients with PAH (Group 1) were included and examined every 6 months for 2.5 years, with a total of 107 MRI scans. For a step change in WHO functional class, the associated change in RV volume was 11% (confidence interval 7%−14%, p < 0.0001) and in stroke volume 9% (confidence interval 3%−15%, p = 0.003). This study found an 11% change in RV volume to be clinically significant. The combination of clinically significant changes and the known precision in the measurements enables individualized follow‐up of RV‐function in PAH. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use repeated assessments to suggest clinically significant changes of RV volume based on changes in clinical presentation.
Operational assimilation of Aeolus winds in the Météo‐France global NWP model ARPEGE
Authors: Pourret Vivien , Šavli Matic , Mahfouf Jean‐François , Raspaud Dominique , Doerenbecher Alexis , Bénichou Hervé , Payan Christophe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe European Space Agency's Aeolus satellite was launched in August 2018. Measurements of wind profiles are provided for the first time from space using an onboard Doppler wind lidar. The quality of Aeolus Level‐2B (L2B) wind products has been found suitable for data assimilation in the Météo‐France global model ARPEGE since April 2020, in particular, when applying a suitable bias correction method. This article describes a series of Observing System Experiments (OSEs) conducted in April–May 2020 to assess the impact of Aeolus horizontal line‐of‐sight winds (HLOSW) on Météo‐France's global numerical weather prediction analyses and forecasts. Innovation statistics and a posteriori diagnostics from a period of July–August 2019 were used to scale the random observation errors provided by the L2B processor (mostly for Rayleigh‐clear winds). Although the HLOSW data represent only 0.42% of the total amount of all observations assimilated in ARPEGE, their contribution to the reduction of the global analysis variance is up to 2.3% (measured by the Degree of Freedom for Signal). The assimilation of HLOSW showed improvement in 6 hr short‐range forecasts which is demonstrated by an overall reduction of innovations statistics for various operational observing systems. From a Forecast Sensitivity to Observations impact (FSOi) study Aeolus is found to be the third most effective observing system (per individual observation) at reducing global 24‐hour forecast errors. For longer forecast ranges, the largest positive impacts are noticed over the tropics, particularly in the lower stratosphere up to 102 hr ahead (with up to 2% root‐mean‐square error reduction for wind and temperature), but also in the troposphere up to 72 hr ahead. To a lesser extent, a similar improvement is observed over the Southern Hemisphere. This positive impact of Aeolus HLOSW in OSEs has led to their operational assimilation at Météo‐France starting in June 2020.
Bone Repairment via Mechanosensation of Piezo1 Using Wearable Pulsed Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Wang Bingjin , Li Gaocai , Zhu Qianqian , Liu Weifang , Ke Wencan , Hua Wenbin , Zhou Yiming , Zeng Xianlin , Sun Xuhui , Wen Zhen , Yang Cao , Pan Yue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBone repair in real time is a challenging medical issue for elderly patients; this is mainly because aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess limited osteogenesis potential and repair capacity. In this study, triboelectric stimulation technology is used to achieve bone repair via mechanosensation of Piezo1 by fabricating a wearable pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator (WP‐TENG) driven by human body movement. A peak value of 30 µA has the optimal effects to rejuvenate aged BMSCs, enhance their osteogenic differentiation, and promote human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation. Further, previous studies demonstrate that triboelectric stimulation of a WP‐TENG can reinforce osteogenesis of BMSCs and promote the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistically, aged BMSCs are rejuvenated by triboelectric stimulation via the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. Thus, the osteogenesis potential of BMSCs is enhanced and the tube formation capacity of HUVECs is improved, which is further confirmed by augmented bone repair and regeneration in in vivo investigations. This study provides a potential signal transduction mechanism for rejuvenating aged BMSCs and a theoretical basis for bone regeneration using triboelectric stimulation generated by a WP‐TENG.
Study on the mechanical behavior of L‐shaped concrete‐filled steel tubular columns under axial compression
Authors: Huang Hong , Wang Yi , Zhang Liqing , Chen Mengcheng , Zhu Yanqi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a total of six different ribbed and two nonribbed L‐shaped concrete‐filled steel tubular (CFST) short columns are designed; finite element modeling and calculations are carried out and verified with measured results. The optimal ribbing method among the ribbing methods applied is proposed. The mechanisms of the longitudinal stress of the concrete, longitudinal stress of the outer steel tube, and lateral compressive stress of the concrete for the L‐shaped CFST short column without ribs and with the optimal ribbing method are compared and analyzed. The results show that the optimal ribbing method involves setting half‐width longitudinal stiffening ribs in the middle of the two wide sides of the L‐shaped steel tube. The stiffening ribs can delay the occurrence of local buckling failure of the steel tube, thus strengthening the restraining effect of the steel tube on the concrete and improving the uniformity of the longitudinal stress of the core concrete. In addition, based on an analysis of a large number of parameters, four methods for calculating the bearing capacity of nonribbed L‐shaped CFST short columns are compared. A design formula for the bearing capacity of ribbed L‐shaped CFST columns is proposed by considering the improvement in the concrete performance. The calculation results agree well with the finite element and experimental results, and the error is <5%.
Comparison of individual versus ensemble wind farm parameterizations inclusive of sub‐grid wakes for the WRF model
Authors: Ma Yulong , Archer Cristina L. , Vasel‐Be‐Hagh Ahmad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWind turbine wakes can be predicted somewhat accurately with mesoscale numerical models, such as the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, via a wind farm parameterization (WFP) that treats the effects of the wakes, which are sub‐grid features, on power production and the environment. A few WFPs have been proposed in the literature, but none has been able to properly account for the individual wakes within a grid cell or the effects of overlapping wakes from multiple turbines. A solution to these two issues is a WFP that includes both a wake model, which is a simplified analytical model of the wind speed (or wind power) deficit caused by a wake, and a wake superposition model, which accounts for overlapping wakes. Several such WFPs are developed here for the WRF model—based on the Jensen, the Geometric, and the Gaussian wake models coupled with two wake superposition methods (based on a squared deficit and a squared velocity superposition)—and tested individually, as well as combined together in an ensemble (EWFP), at two modern offshore wind farms. Most WFPs perform satisfactorily alone, but the EWFP generally outperforms them at both farms. The issue of resolved versus sub‐grid wakes is explored for single‐ and multi‐cell cases and for directions of alignment and non‐alignment between the wind direction and the turbine columns. Although different combinations of wake loss and wake superposition models might be preferred at other wind farms, the general findings and detailed performance statistics given here might provide useful guidance in their selection.
Wheat Improvement
Authors: Reynolds Matthew P. , Braun Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWheat is a staple for rich and poor alike. Its improvement as a discipline was boosted when statisticians first distinguished heritable variation from environment effects. Many twentieth century crop scientists contributed to the Green Revolution that tripled yield potential of staple crops but yield stagnation is now a concern, especially considering the multiple challenges facing food security. Investments in modern technologies – phenomics, genomics etc. – provide tools to take both translational research and crop breeding to the next level. Herein wheat experts address three main themes: “Delivering Improved Germplasm” outlining theory and practice of wheat breeding and the attendant disciplines; ‘Translational Research to Incorporate Novel Traits’ covers biotic and abiotic challenges and outlines links between more fundamental research and crop breeding. However, effective translational research takes time and can be off-putting to funders and scientists who feel pressure to deliver near-term impacts. The final section ‘Rapidly Evolving Technologies & Likely Potential’ outlines methods that can boost translational research and breeding. The volume by being open access aims to disseminate a comprehensive textbook on wheat improvement to public and private wheat breeders globally, while serving as a benchmark of the current status as we address the formidable challenges that agriculture faces for the foreseeable future.
Wheat Quality
Authors: Guzmán Carlos , Ibba Maria Itria , Álvarez Juan B. , Sissons Mike , Morris Craig 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWheat quality is a complex concept whose importance lies in determining the ability of each segment of the post-harvest processing and marketing industries to minimize cost while maximizing profit. Wheat quality is also a highly subjective concept that could be defined differently by the various stakeholders in the wheat value chain. It is usually subdivided into milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality. Of these subcomponents, end-use quality, the ability of a wheat variety to produce a specific food according to the consumers preferences is probably the most important. Wheat is used to make hundreds of different products worldwide, each one with specific grain quality requirements. In this chapter are explained the main traits that define end-use quality (grain hardness, gluten, color and starch) and that need to be modulated to obtain the desired product properties. The genetic control as well as the environmental effects on those traits are also presented. Finally, breeding and selection strategies to genetically improve end-use quality for the most important wheat products globally (bread, noodles, cookies, and pasta) are presented in brief.