bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Urethral Intercourse and Impact on Female Sexual Function
Authors: Djordjevic ML , Bizic M , Stojanovic B , Ivanovski O , Purohit R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Urethral intercourse is a very rare entity which usually presents as urinary incontinence during and after intercourse and is most commonly seen in patients with vaginal agenesis (Mayer–Rokitansky–Hauser Syndrome) or hypoplasia, or other rear vaginal anomalies.

Aim
To evaluate management and outcomes for vaginal and urethral consequences of urethral intercourse, including urinary incontinence.

Methods
Between February 2006 and March 2021, 8 women aged from 17 to 22 years underwent genital and urethral reconstruction due to consequences of urethral sexual intercourse. Vaginal reconstruction included sigmoid vaginoplasty and introitoplasty with division of the vaginal septum in cases of vaginal agenesis (5 cases) and vaginal duplication (3 cases), respectively. Incontinence was treated by sling procedures in 5 women with longer history of urethral coitus and evident bladder neck prolapse.

Outcomes
Sexual and psychosexual outcomes assessment was based on the Female Sexual Function Index and standardized questionnaires.

Results
Follow-up ranged from 9 to 188 months (mean 78 months). Good esthetical and functional results were achieved in all 8 women. All patients reported satisfactory sexual intercourse. All 5 incontinent women who had underwent sling procedure were continent. In one of 3 nontreated cases, additional sling treatment was indicated 6 months after vaginal reconstruction with satisfactory outcome. One patient with vaginal duplication reported a successful pregnancy with a Caesarean section delivery.

Clinical Implications
Urinary incontinence with megalourethra in young women, along with the presence of Mullerian anomalies should raise suspicion of urethral coitus. Surgical treatment includes correction of vaginal anomalies and management of consequences.

Strengths and Limitations
This study represents one of the largest series for urethral intercourse, with assessment of psychosexual outcome. The limitation is the lack of statistical analysis due to small sample size.

Conclusion
Urethral intercourse is very rare, but it can cause severe consequences. It is important to recognize this occurrence and treat it by well-known vaginal or urethral reconstructive procedures.
Hope, Worry, and Suspension of Judgment
Authors: Fritz James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I defend an epistemic requirement on fitting hopes and worries: it is fitting to hope or to worry that p only if one’s epistemic position makes it rational to suspend judgment as to whether p. This view, unlike prominent alternatives, is ecumenical; it retains its plausibility against a variety of different background views of epistemology. It also has other important theoretical virtues: it is illuminating, elegant, and extensionally adequate. Fallibilists about knowledge have special reason to be friendly to my view; it can help them explain why it can be unfitting to hold on to hope and worry in the face of overwhelming evidence, and it can also help them explain the sense in which knowledge that p and hope that –p are in tension with one another.
Second-Order Assessment of Scientific Expert Claims and Sharing Epistemic Burdens in Science Communication
Authors: Barimah George Kwasi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen laypersons are presented with scientific information which seeks to modify their way of life, they are expected to believe, suspend belief, or reject it. Second-order assessment of scientific experts helps laypersons to make an informed decision in such situations. This is an assessment of the trustworthiness of the person making the scientific claim. In this paper I challenge the optimistic view of Anderson (2011), regarding the ease with which laypersons can perform second-order assessment of experts, by pointing out some of the obstacles that may prevent laypersons from arriving at an informed decision through this means. By showing that laypersons cannot easily perform second-order assessment of experts, I make a case for sharing epistemic burdens in science communication by using Lackey's (2006) concept of dualism in the epistemology of testimony and Irzik and Kurtulmus’ (2019) work on public epistemic trust in science, as a guide. I invite experts to bear a greater share of the epistemic burden when communicating with laypersons because of their privileged epistemic condition vis-à-vis laypersons.
Differential Data Protection Regimes in Data-Driven Research: Why the GDPR is More Research-Friendly Than You Think
Authors: Comandè Giovanni , Schneider Giulia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of an evolving landscape describing data driven research, this article discusses the role of data protection laws in shaping a free flow of research data. In particular, the analysis inquires whether European data protection law hampers or encourages data-driven research. The analysis critically challenges the shared belief that the more severe data protection regime laid down by the European legislator adversely affects data flows and with that data-driven research. This is contrary to what occurs in the United States, where the more fragmented and less developed data protection framework facilitates data flows and related innovation patterns. We show how research objectives through data re-usability have been very recently given primary importance in the GDPR, where they find a formidable ally enabling the re-usability of public data by businesses and of private data by public institutions, for either public interest-related research purposes or commercially oriented innovation purposes. We argue that the GDPR differently promotes research-valuable data flows in consistency with an emerging principle of free movement of personal data. In order to ground this statement, our analysis links to this principle three-directional research regimes emerging from the GDPR.
Beware the Lure of Narratives: “Hungry Judges” Should Not Motivate the Use of “Artificial Intelligence” in Law
Authors: Chatziathanasiou Konstantin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe “hungry judge” effect, as presented by a famous study, is a common point of reference to underline human bias in judicial decision-making. This is particularly pronounced in the literature on “artificial intelligence” (AI) in law. Here, the effect is invoked to counter concerns about bias in automated decision-aids and to motivate their use. However, the validity of the “hungry judge” effect is doubtful. In our context, this is problematic for, at least, two reasons. First, shaky evidence leads to a misconstruction of the problem that may warrant an AI intervention. Second, painting the justice system worse than it actually is becomes a dangerous argumentative strategy, as it undermines institutional trust. Against this background, this article revisits the original “hungry judge” study and argues that it cannot be relied on as an argument in the AI discourse or beyond. The case of “hungry judges” demonstrates the lure of narratives, the dangers of “problem gerrymandering,” and, ultimately, the need for a careful reception of social science.
Making Do With What We Have: On the Interpretation and Enforcement of the EU’s Founding Values
Authors: Boekestein Tom L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArticle 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) solemnly proclaims that the EU is founded on the respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Yet, a growing body of case law concerning rule of law backsliding continuously reminds us of the lack of a dedicated functional mechanism to remedy this. We are left with a fragmented understanding of the founding values and a patchy framework for their enforcement: whilst there is increasing guidance on judicial independence and the rule of law, no founding value has been defined comprehensively. The legal classification of the founding values is equally unclear, as is their position in the EU’s constitutional framework. This paper makes do with what we have, to offer systematic, normative, and substantive clarifications on Article 2 TEU. Systematically, it places the founding values in the constitutional context of the EU’s and Member States’ legal orders and discusses their autonomy, interpretation, and function. Normatively, this paper objects to the direct enforcement of the founding values by reference to their constitutional significance and over-constitutionalization. Substantively, it favors the indirect enforcement of the founding values and explores the connections between Article 2 TEU and other Treaty provisions.
The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Criminal Procedure in Germany
Authors: Bühner Wilhem , Rank Anni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe German legal system and, in particular, German criminal procedure have been severely affected by the Corona Virus pandemic. The Konzentrationsmaxime, the maxim that the main hearing should be consolidated into as short a timeframe as possible in order to expedite proceedings, the Unmittelbarkeitsgrundsatz, the principle that witnesses must be present in person, and the Öffentlichkeitsgrundsatz, the principle that the oral proceedings in criminal litigation should be open to the public in order to guarantee transparency, have all been called into question. The requirement to consolidate the main hearing can no longer be guaranteed due to unavoidable interruptions in the trials in accordance with the newly established Section 10 of the Introductory Law to Germany’s Criminal Procedure Code (Einführungsgesetz zur Strafprozeßordnung; EGStPO) which aims to minimize the risk of infection. Wide-ranging curfews have been imposed so that the general public can no longer leave their homes to attend a court hearing as a spectator. The Beschleunigungsgrundsatz, the principle of expedited criminal proceedings, is being challenged by longer periods of pre-trial detention due to trials having to be suspended in the face of the pandemic. One further obstacle is the measures implemented in order to impede infections with the disease within the period of pre-trial detention whilst other hygiene measures, such as the requirement to wear a face mask in the courtroom, could well clash with the newly established ban on facial concealment (Verhüllungsverbot). In this article, the problems mentioned above are examined in more detail in order to provide an overview of the situation involving criminal proceedings in a Germany firmly in the grip of COVID-19. In addition, the situation reignites previous discussions on the further digitalization of criminal proceedings – this time as a solution for the ongoing threat of infection.
The Criminal Liability of Corrections Officers in German Prisons: The Landmark Decision of the Federal Court of Justice from November 28, 2019 (2 StR 557/18)
Authors: Hartmann Luisa , Munzert Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWithin the criminal justice system, there is always a balancing act between two conflicting tenets: incarcerating the prisoners as a preventive measure, on the one hand, and, on the other, aiming to rehabilitate them. Without a proper transition, it is possible that prisoners will reoffend upon release. German legislation allows corrections officers to grant relaxed terms of imprisonment to prisoners who have proved themselves suitable. However, on June 7, 2018, corrections officers were essentially deprived of this power when the Regional Court of Limburg convicted two corrections officers of negligent killing after a prisoner, to whom they had granted relaxed terms of imprisonment, killed someone during one of his periods of release. In the immediate wake of this controversial judgment, corrections officers throughout Germany were seemingly left with two options: either to remain conscientious and attempt to rehabilitate the prisoners with the underlying risk of being subject to prosecution themselves, or to ensure their own “safety”, thereby jeopardizing prisoners’ crime-free futures. This article provides an overview regarding negligently committed offenses under German law, analyzes what led the trial court to this radical decision, and assesses why the final appeal court overruled the Regional Court’s decision.
The Erdoğan Government's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Performance and Actuality in an Authoritarian Context
Authors: Laebens Melis G. , Öztürk Aykut 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the Erdoğan government's policy response to the coronavirus pandemic. Despite the abundant use of moral antagonisms in his discourse, Erdoğan did not attempt to politicize the pandemic, instead framing it as a global health crisis and presenting the government's public health policies as expert-driven and competent. However, this expert-driven approach was largely a performance. Without a system of democratic oversight or a free media to scrutinize government policies, the Erdoğan government could systematically undercount COVID-19 cases and disregard its own public health restrictions, all the while spreading its narrative of competence and success. Competitive policymaking by opposition-controlled municipalities and criticism from a strong doctors' association had relatively limited ability to discredit the government. The public opinion data we present reveal broad-based support for the government's COVID policies. Our article highlights how authoritarian institutions allow governments to sustain a gap between performance and actuality, granting their leaders greater possibilities to claim policy success.
Risk factors for reduction in adherence to protective measures following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and vaccine perceptions among healthcare workers, in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Mello López Andrés , Borges Igor Carmo , Luna-Muschi Alessandra , Mesquita Peres Carlos Henrique , Carreño Paolo Gripp , de Oliveira Arthur Magalhães , de Almeida Humberto Bertola Siqueira , de Castro Marques Vivian Helena , Corchs Felipe , Levin Anna Sara , Costa Silvia Figueiredo , Sartori Ana Marli Christovam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA survey evaluated 2,300 healthcare workers following the first dose of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in a tertiary-quaternary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Adherence to protective measures following vaccination was compared to previous non-work-related behaviors. Younger age, previous COVID-19, and burnout symptoms were associated with reduced adherence to mitigation measures.
Poetry, Intimacy, and Male Fidelity: The Marriage of Wang Caiwei and Sun Xingyan
Authors: Lu Weijing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the young couples that exemplified the “perfect match” marriage in Qing history, Sun Xingyan 孫星衍 and Wang Caiwei 王采薇 left behind personal records that give us a glimpse into the intimate world they created, from intellectually stimulating post-marriage courtship, to mourning and pledge of fidelity when Wang Caiwei died. Analyzing this record in the contexts of the Qing literati glorification of “perfect match” marriage and the couple's familial and social lives, this article pieces together a personal story about youthful passion and love and considers questions about the shapes of emotion and marital companionship and the ways the young couple navigated emotional and social complexities in their pursuit of an ideal companionship.
Infrared study of the star-forming region associated with the UC HII regions G45.07+0.13 and G45.12+0.13
Authors: Azatyan N. , Nikoghosyan E. , Harutyunian H. , Baghdasaryan D. , Andreasyan D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltra-compact Hii(UC HII) regions are an important phase in the formation and early evolution of massive stars and a key component of the interstellar medium (ISM). The main objectives of this work are to study the young stellar population associated with the G45.07+0.13 and G45.12+0.13 UC HII regions, as well as the ISM in which they are embedded. We determined the distribution of the hydrogen column density (N($\mathrm{H}_2$)) and dust temperature ($T_d$) in the molecular cloud using Modified blackbody fitting onHerschelimages obtained in four bands: 160, 250, 350, and$500\,\unicode{x03BC}\mathrm{m}$. We used near-, mid-, and far-infrared photometric data to identify and classify the young stellar objects (YSOs). Their main parameters were determined by the radiation transfer models. We also constructed a colour-magnitude diagram and K luminosity functions (KLFs) to compare the parameters of stellar objects with the results of the radiative transfer models. We found that N($\mathrm{H}_2$) varies from${\sim}3.0 \times 10^{23}$to$5.5 \times 10^{23}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$within the G45.07+0.13 and G45.12+0.13 regions, respectively. The maximum$T_d$value is 35 K in G45.12+0.13 and 42 K in G45.07+0.13.$T_d$then drops significantly from the centre to the periphery, reaching about 18–20 K at distances of${\sim}2.6$and${\sim}3.7\,\mathrm{pc}$from InfraRed Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) 19110+1045 (G45.07+0.13) and IRAS 19111+1048 (G45.12+0.13), respectively. The gas plus dust mass value included in G45.12+0.13 is${\sim}3.4 \times 10^5\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$and${\sim}1.7 \times 10^5\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$in G45.07+0.13. The UC HII regions are connected through a cold ($T_d = 19\,\mathrm{K}$) bridge. The radial surface density distribution of the identified 518 YSOs exhibits dense clusters in the vicinity of both IRAS sources. The parameters of YSOs in the IRAS clusters (124 objects) and 394 non-cluster objects surrounding them show some differences. About 75% of the YSOs belonging to the IRAS clusters have an evolutionary age greater than$10^6$yr. Their slope$\alpha$of the KLF agrees well with a Salpeter-type initial mass function (IMF) ($\gamma = 1.35$) for a high mass range (O–F stars,$\beta \sim 2$) at 1 Myr. The non-cluster objects are uniformly distributed in the molecular cloud, 80% of which are located to the right of the 0.1 Myr isochrone. The slope$\alpha$of the KLF of non-cluster objects is$0.55\,\pm\,0.09$, corresponding better to a Salpeter-type IMF for low-mass objects (G–M stars,$\beta \sim 1$). Our results show that two dense stellar clusters are embedded in these two physically connected UC HII regions. The clusters include several high- and intermediate-mass zero-age main sequence stellar objects. Based on the small age spread of the stellar objects, we suggest that the clusters originate from a single triggering shock. The extended emission observed in both UC HII regions is likely due to the stellar clusters.
A Product-Service System for Safety Footwear
Authors: Janson D. J. , Newman S. T. , Dhokia V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes that safety footwear manufacture shifts towards a sustainable Product-Service System (PSS). The PSS consists of seven stages from identification of requirements through to disposal or replacement. Through this, designers and manufacturers can realise safety footwear that is customised to end user sizing, function, industry and aesthetic requirements. For end users, this PSS leads to the creation of more comfortable and practicable footwear, addressing the underlying level of acceptance of uncomfortable safety footwear, reducing waste and providing sex specific offerings.
Designing Industrial Product-Service System (PSS) Pilot Projects in Manufacturing Companies: A Proposed Process for Product and Customer Selection
Authors: Sarancic D. , Pigosso D. C. A. , McAloone T. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach for capital goods manufacturers to design Product-Service System (PSS) pilot projects by selecting appropriate products and customers. The authors conducted a single-case empirical study as a part of an ongoing action research project to maximise the learnings from a pilot project while minimising expenditure in extensive trial and error PSS solution testing. Two sets of criteria were elicited for product and customer selection, respectively, followed by a description of the ideal product and customer attributes for each of the three most common PSS archetypes.
Detection of Cause-Effect Relationships in Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Based on an Engineering Graph
Authors: Schweitzer G. M. , Mörsdorf S. , Bitzer M. , Vielhaber M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments (LCSA) are important in evaluating the sustainability of complex products and services, there is no sufficient support for engineers performing LCSA. The concept of an Engineering Graph focuses on the relations of data within engineering. It provides a model that leverages existing data in engineering and extendibility to include specialized databases and open and public data from the semantic web. This paper proposes a concept of how Engineering Graphs can be used to address the issues of LCSA and support engineers.
A Novel User-Centred Framework for the Holistic Design of Therapeutic Medical Devices
Authors: Abela E. , Farrugia P. , Gauci M. V. , Vella P. , Cassar G. , Balzan E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNumerous and complex sequence of activities in medical device development often result in time consuming and expensive engineering processes. In this study, patient and designer requirements were identified and integrated within a novel framework which supports medical device design through a consolidated understanding of user-experience whilst directly coalescing the applicable regulatory requirements in terms of product compliance and certification. This assists in the development of safe and reliable products which reflect the need for increased usability considerations during design.
A Designers' Perspective on Additive Manufactured Smart Wearables for Paediatric Habilitation
Authors: Bonello M. , Farrugia P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to identify from the perspective of designers, what is required to optimally design smart habilitation devices for additive manufacturing, whilst ensuring a high quality multi-user experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with designers to identify the key requirements to develop such devices. The outcome of this study will provide a preliminary framework for designers to take advantage of the state-of-the-art of design for additive manufacturing in order to meet the expectations of multiple users of smart devices for pediatric occupational therapy.
Towards a Product Service System Framework for Lower Limb Prosthetic Devices
Authors: Patiniott N. , Borg J. C. , Francalanza E. , Gatt A. , Vella P. , Zammit J. , Paetzold K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmputees face challenges with prosthesis such as cost, long delivery periods, as well as social discomfort. Simultaneously, the prosthetists and manufacturers have a difficulty to handle such diverse issues. We thus contribute a Prosthetic Life-Cycle Service System (ProLiSS) Framework, prescribed to involve amputees in different life phases. From an evaluation of ProLiSS, we conclude that it influences how prosthetics need to be designed and that it is beneficial to perform further research to provide manufacturers with a systematic, amputee-centered development and servicing framework.
Cost Sensitivity Analysis for Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Mandolini M. , Sartini M. , Favi C. , Germani M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLaser Powder Bed Fusion is the most widespread additive manufacturing process for metals. In literature, there are several analytical models for estimating the manufacturing cost. However, few papers present sensitivity analyses for evaluating the most relevant product and process parameters on the production cost. This paper presents a cost model elaborated from previous studies used in a sensitivity analysis. The most relevant process parameters observed in the sensitivity analysis are the 3D printer load factor, layer thickness, raw material price and laser speed.