bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular changes accompanying the loss in fertility of Spodoptera frugiperda female moths following infection with sub-lethal dose of baculovirus
Authors: Nayyar Nishtha , Gopal Ashwitha , Venkatesan Thiruvengadam , Syamala Ramya Ramesan , Agrawal Aditi , Sivakumar Gopalsamy , Mohan Muthugounder , Gracy Gandhi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sub-lethal baculoviral infections are associated with several developmental and reproductive defects but the mechanism behind these defects is not well understood. Here, we investigated the reproductive defects induced by sub-lethal infection of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfNPV) in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) adults. We observed significantly less oviposition, loss of fecundity and egg hatchability in surviving adults after SfNPV infection. Reciprocal crosses with both the genders suggested that the infection of either sex could result in the fertility defects. An investigation of anatomy of reproductive of the surviving females suggested minor defects but confirmed reduced mating with infected males. Oviposition defects were observed in the infected group in spite of successful mating. Differential transcriptome analysis of infertile females from sub-lethally infected group revealed alteration of reproductive, developmental and behavioural pathway genes in comparison to control. We have also investigated the involvement of hormonal genes and piRNAs in their contribution to reproductive defects post sub-lethal baculoviral infection. This study will shed some light on the molecular mechanisms behind the sub-lethal effects observed in the surviving adults post baculovirus infection and will be useful to understand the infertility pathways in insects.
Optical coherence tomography as a monitoring and predicting tool in Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Sun Yi-Ning , Jiang Dan , Zhu Hui , Ye Jie , Yang Xiao-Ling , Hu Xiao-Zhou , Tan Hua , Wu Wen-Can , Yan Wen-Tao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To study the relationship between macular thickness in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) patients and the occurrence and progression of the disease.
Method
32 eyes of GO patients and 32 eyes of normal controls were included. All patients and control group participants underwent eye examinations, which included optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, intraocular pressure (IOP) analysis, slit lamp biomicroscopy, OCT examination and visual field examination. We evaluated the retinal structure of GO patients by measuring the thickness of the macular area and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), studied the relationship between the thickness of the macular area and IOP, and compared the macular thickness of GO patients with and without visual field defects and visual impairment.
Results
Here, we evaluated structural retinal abnormalities, including the thickness of the macular area and the RNFL, in patients with GO. Part of the RNFL thickness of GO patients were significantly thinner than those in normal controls.In particular, after 7 months of follow-up, the macular thickness of GO patients was reduced. Macular thickness thinning was related with visual field defects and visual loss, and had a negative correlation with IOP.
Conclusion
Loss of macular and RNFL thickness associated with GO can be detected by OCT. The macular retina becomes thinner as the disease progresses. Peripapillary, macula thickness parameters may be used as an indicator for the diagnosis, prediction of disease progression, and assessment of visual function loss in GO patients.
Pulsed Radio Waves as a Sustainable Control Technology to Improve Indoor Air Quality
Authors: UNDI G S N V K S N SWAMY , Sola Sreekanth , Kanniganti Radhica , Shinde Kiran , Balan Cheramangalath Ramya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The need for technologies that can clean the air indoors has grown in pace with the rise in outside pollution. Maintaining interior environment adaptability requires a permanent air purification system that may be utilized to control PM2.5/10. In addition to more traditional methods of air purification, the development of advanced control systems that are both effective for air purification and reducing PM levels sustainably is necessary. Pulsed radio waves may expedite the dry deposition of particles having aerodynamic dimensions of less than 30 micrometers. Contained experimental testing confirms the filtering system functions as expected, corroborated by the present research. Daily average levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were lowered by between 55% and 41% according to a study done in three indoor settings using the control technology. Research conducted throughout all seasons showed that the approach was consistently efficient in reducing PM2.5/10. It was shown that PM concentrations could be lowered by around 45 percent using pulse radio wave technology, leading to this conclusion. The use of electromagnetic waves (EM waves) to eliminate air pollution has been suggested as a radical new approach. In light of the limitations of already used strategies, this is of paramount significance while thinking about solutions to lessen pollution in the air.
Development of a Taq-Man qPCR assay for trypanosomatid multi-species detection and quantification in insects
Authors: Barranco-Gómez Olga , de Paula Jessica Carreira , Parada Jennifer Solano , Gómez-Moracho Tamara , Marfil Ana Vic , Zafra María , Orantes Francisco José , De Pablos Luis Miguel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Trypanosomatid parasites are widely distributed in nature, evolving monoxenous and dixenous cycles. These parasites thrive in a wide number of Insect Orders, some of them with an important economic and environmental value, such as bees. The objective of this work was to develop a robust and sensitive qPCR assay for detecting trypanosomatid parasites in any kind of parasitized insect sample.
Methods: A TaqMan qPCR assay based on a trypanosomatid-conserved region of the α-tubulin gene was standardized and evaluated. The limits of detection, sensitivity, and versatility of the α-tub TaqMan assay have been tested and validated using field samples from honeybee workers, wild bees, bumblebees, and grasshoppers as well as in the human infective trypanosomatid Leishmania major.
Results: This assay showed a detection limit of 1 parasite equivalent/µL and successfully detected trypanosomatids in 10 different hosts belonging to the Hymenoptera and Orthoptera. The methodology was also tested using honeybee samples from 4 apiaries (n= 224 worker honeybees) located in Alpujarra region (Granada, Spain). Trypanosomatids were detected in 2.7% of the honeybees, with an intra colony prevalence of 0 to 13%. Parasite loads in 4 different classes of insects ranged from 40.6 to up to 1.1 x 108 cell equivalents per host.
Conclusions: These results showed that α-tubulin TaqMan qPCR assay is a versatile diagnostic tool for the accurate detection and quantification of trypanosomatid parasites in a wide range of environmental settings.
An unsupervised approach for bilingual Arabic and Persian spell correction using N-gram based Language models
Authors: Elahimanesh Mohammad Hossein , Irani Mercedeh , Ghafouri Arash , Minaei-Bidgoli Behrouz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the main concerns of researchers in writing scientific texts such as articles and theses is their correctness in terms of spelling since the presence of spelling errors in these texts is unacceptable. This problem, like many natural language processing problems, is highly dependent on the structure and grammar of the language. Persian language is a challenging language in this area due to the presence of homophonic and dotted letters. In addition, many Arabic terms have entered this language. These words and terms have introduced the challenges of correcting Arabic spelling errors into Persian and created a complex combination. Moreover, due to the fact that many Persian speakers are Muslim, the Arabic content of the holy Qur'an has also found its way into Persian texts in such a way that today there are many Islamic texts with mixed Persian and Arabic content, and there is a great need for a tool that can correct bilingual Arabic and Persian spelling errors. In this work, an approach based on machine learning and an unsupervised algorithm is proposed which is designed based on N-gram language models. The data used here consists of about 220,000 sentences with mixed Arabic and Persian content, from which N-grams are made. The language model benefits from a statistical model derived from the probability of N-grams frequencies to score the possible candidates for the erroneous word and choose the best one. In order to evaluate the proposed method, test data has been prepared for Persian-Islamic content, in which spelling errors have been generated manually. The results of the evaluations show a significant improvement compared to similar tools in the Persian language.
The conjunctival fungal microflora of horses in a North Queensland tropical environment and their in vitro susceptibilities to antifungal agents
Authors: Mo Phu Mo , Picard Jacqueline , Gummow Bruce 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and part of the commensal microflora on the conjunctiva of equine eyes. North Queensland, being tropical, presents an ideal environment for fungi growth. When the cornea is injured, fungi can invade the corneal stroma resulting in keratomycosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the fungal species specific to the eyes of horses in the Townsville region; to investigate the potential risk factors associated with the presence of fungi; and to test their susceptibility to antifungals to create an empirical guide for treatment. The eyes of forty ophthalmologically normal horses from James Cook University were sampled in December 2017 and January 2018 and twice in December 2020. Cultured fungi were identified morphologically, and their identity confirmed by comparing partial 18sRNA DNA sequences with the NCBI nucleotide database. Minimal inhibitory concentration testing of common antifungal medications was performed. Sixty-one out of eighty conjunctival samples grew fungi, and 21 different fungi genera were isolated. The most common genera wereAspergillus(18%),Curvularia(14%),Rhodotorula(12%) andPenicillium(12%). No significant association was found between age or environmental factors and fungal culture status. Most fungi were highly susceptible to voriconazole and ketoconazole but resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B. This adds to the body of evidence on which species of fungi are present as normal ocular microflora of horses living in tropical regions of Australia and an avenue for treating them.
Anomaly Detection in Three-Axis CNC Machines using LSTM Networks and Transfer Learning
Authors: Li Eugene , Bedi Sanjeev , Melek William 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is a growing interest in developing automated manufacturing technologies to achieve a fully autonomous factory. An integral part of these smart machines is a mechanism to automatically detect operational and process anomalies before they cause serious damage. The Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) network has shown considerable promise in the literature, with applications in detection of tool wear and tool breakage to name a few. However, these methods require a significant amount of machine specific training data to be successful, which makes these networks custom to a machine, requiring new networks and new data for each machine. Transfer learning is an approach where we use a network developed with a rich data set on one machine, and re-train it with a smaller data set on a target machine. We have implemented this approach for chatter detection with a LSTM network, using sensor data and a rich data set from one machine, and then use a transfer learning methodology, similar sensors, and a smaller data set for the chatter detection algorithm on another machine. This allows for the transfer of knowledge from one machine to be applied to a similar machine, with some local optimization from transfer learning
Nurses’ work in relation to patient health outcomes: an observational study comparing models of primary care
Authors: Sheridan Nicolette , Hoare Karen , Carryer Jenny , Mills Jane , Hewitt Sarah , Love Tom , Kenealy Timothy , Aguirre-Duarte Nelson , Arroll Bruce , Atmore Carol , Crampton Peter , Dowell Anthony , Fishman Tana , Gauld Robin , Harwood Matire , Jackson Gary , Jansen Rawiri McKree , Kerse Ngaire , Lampshire Debra , McBain Lynn , MacRae Jayden , Øvretveit John , Percival Teuila , Perera Roshan , Roland Martin , Ryan Debbie , Schmidt-Busby Jacqueline , Stokes Tim , Stubbe Maria , Watt Daniel , Peck Chris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Māori are over-represented in Aotearoa New Zealand morbidity and mortality statistics. Other populations with high health needs include Pacific peoples and those living with material deprivation. General practice has evolved into different models of primary care. We describe nurse work in relation to these models of care; populations with high health need; and patient health outcomes.
Methods
Cross-sectional study (30 September 2018), data from national datasets and practices at patient level. Six primary outcome measures were selected because they could be improved by primary care: polypharmacy (≥65 years), HbA1c testing in adults with diabetes, immunisations (6 months), ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations (0-14, 45-64 years) and emergency department attendances. Analysis adjusted for patient and practice characteristics.
Results
Nurse FTE, and combined nurse, nurse practitioner and general practitioner FTE, were substantially higher in Trust/NGO, Māori, and Pacific practices than Traditional, Corporate, or Health Care Home practices. A progressive increase of clinically complex patients was associated with more clinical input and higher scores on all outcome measures.
The highest rates of nurse consultations afterhours and with unenrolled patients, improving access, were in PHO/DHB, Pacific, Trust/NGO and Māori practices.
Compared to general practitioners, nurses undertook more cardiovascular risk assessment in all models of care except PHO/DHB, and more cervical screening in Pacific, Trust/NGO and Māori practices.
The highest rates of preventative care by nurses (cervical screening, cardiovascular risk assessment, PHQ9 assessment, HbA1c testing) were in Māori, Trust/NGO and Pacific practices. There was an 8-fold difference, across models of care, in percentage of PHQ9 undertaken by nurses and a 5-fold difference in cervical screening and HbA1c testing.
Work not attributed to nurses in the practice records meant nurse work was underestimated to an unknown degree.
Conclusions
Transferring work to nurses in Traditional, Health Care Home, and Corporate practices, would release GP FTE to be utilised for other work. Worse patient health outcomes were associated with higher patient need and higher clinical input. It is plausible that there is insufficient clinical input to meet the degree of patient need. More practitioner FTE is required, especially in practices with high volumes of complex patients.
Account for MEGA-STN thermal fusion device in use of positron wave thermal energy
Authors: Lee  
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper is aimed at investigating the practical realization of the positron wave thermal energy. We made a MEGA-STN thermal fusion device in order to demonstrate our idea. The MEGA-STN is the device which amplifies heat when it is supplied with thermal energy. It is the result of the aggregation of each micro nano particle. If we were to express the part of it in a structural formula, it is as follows.

* * *
| | |
* - OH2 - FeSC - O1 - *
| | |
* - Lu - c - Tic2 - Su - Sd - *
| | |
* - Nicd - La - Si4 - *
| | |
* * *

Figure 1. a part of micro nano structural formula

The fusion reaction of thermal energy in the MEGA-STN is generated on account of each micro nano particle’s chemical change, and high temperature heat occurs by the interchangeability between micro nano particles. We minimized heat loss by fusing the insulted ceramic nano particles on the outer surface of our MEGA-STN. The MEGA-STN is basically able to create thermal energy of 500~1800 degrees centigrade. Here a prerequisite is the input of minimal thermal energy. If the minimal thermal energy is supplied from the outside or generates heat internally, it is amplified to 300~500 percentage of the supplied heat. Each of positronic nano particles in MEGA-STN, MEGA-Structural fusion Technology of Nano materials react to thermal energy and release great thermal energy, and the released great thermal energy collides into each other and generates greater thermal energy. At this time, wave is created and disturbs the properties of water and disintegrates them, and as a result they are changed. The more vibrations, the more transformations of water particle. This principle is the same as even dead water can revive. Thermal particles that are produced when micro nano particle and thermal energy collide generate multiple waves, and they resonate and transport in micro nano particle. Within this resonant orbit they continuously collide and spin like tonado, and thermal energy is amplified and fast rotational force is created. Commonly if we are going to make this rotational force, we must spin only magnetic particle. This structure of micro nano particle is not magnetic, but yet it does maximize the rotational force.
The MEGA-STN using the positron wave thermal energy is available for the industry related to electricity and thermal energy by substituting gas, oil, coal, wood, nuclear power, and can be viable alternative to the exsisting source of energy by using as a substitute for the engine of car, train, air, vessel and etc.
Evaluation of Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics under 20 μm in River and Lake Waters in South Korea
Authors: Lee Junho , Ju Seonghyeon , Lim Chaehwi , Kim Kyung Tae , Kye Homin , Kim Jiyoon , Lee Jihoon , Kim Seonbaek , Yu Hye-Won , Lee Ingyu , Kim Hyunook , Yoon Yeojoon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Following the alarming reports of microplastic pollution in the marine environment, increased attention has been given to microplastics in other environmental media. Despite the attention, there is limited information on the effects of microplastic distribution in freshwater systems. Further, because the size of microplastics varies widely in the environment, the commonly used sampling devices are not suitable for selectively extracting microplastics without causing cross-contamination. Thus, we developed a suitable device for microplastics of size 5–20 µm and studied microplastic distribution in freshwater at various depths by considering various types of microplastics and aqueous systems. Two large water systems, a lake and a river, were chosen to study microplastic distribution. The microplastic distribution characteristics in both water systems showed that polypropylene and polyethylene were the most abundant across all depths because of their production volume. Plastic types with higher density were found only at the lower layers, and polystyrene was found in the upper layers because of the environmental effects on its pore diameter and surface area. The Lake and River had higher microplasticdistribution in the lower layer and upper layer, respectively. This was because the flow rate in River was higher than that of Lake. The higher flow rate reduced the settling velocity in River. Thus, hydrodynamic stability influences the vertical distribution and concentrations of microplastics in the water systems. These results contribute to the understanding and control of microplastics.
Parametric analysis and quantitative study on the influence of structure cluster on ground motion
Authors: Du Zhenyu , Guo Tong , Wang Jishuai , Yu Shuqi , Zhang Guodong , Shen Chongyang , Chen Cheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study conducted the parametric and quantitative analysis of the influence of soil-structure cluster interaction (SSCI) on ground motion. Based on the results of the shaking table test and numerical simulation, the changes in the characteristics of ground motion with the alterations of multiple factors are explored via wavelet packet decomposition. The results indicated that: (a) structure cluster reduces the site eigenfrequency, thereby amplifying the low-frequency components of ground motion and attenuating the high-frequency components. Ground can capture more of the high-frequency seismic energy coming from the bedrock through the long piles; (b) homogeneous structures inhibit the ground motion component with a frequency close to the structural eigenfrequency. The effect is more significant with increasing the number of structures and is gradually transformed into the energy dissipation effect acted in the wideband with increasing the damping ratio of structures; (c) the peak ground acceleration gradually diminishes from the center of the homogeneous structure cluster outward and this spatial variation is more pronounced under the excitation with high-frequency seismic waves. Furthermore, the energy variation index and coefficient of variation are employed to quantify the influence of SSCI on ground motion. The mass density of the structure cluster is the crucial variable for affecting the holistic variation of free-field ground motion. The spatial variation of ground motion attenuates significantly with increasing the thickness, shear wave velocity of subsoil, structural spacing, and homogeneity of structure cluster. The spacing between the structures required for the degeneration of SSCI into soil-structure interaction is chiefly related to the site condition and the structural frequency, which is enlarged with the decrease in soil shear wave velocity and structural frequency.
Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Zinc Sulfate Solutions under Super- ambient Conditions: A Novel Approach
Authors: Pramanik Somnath , Das Bijan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A new method has been proposed to estimate the osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solutions under super-ambient conditions on the basis of the Pitzer ion-interaction approach using the volumetric data. Following this method, a compact set of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters, βMX(0), βMX(1), βMX(2), and βMXϕ, valid within the temperature range from 293.15 to 373.15 K, and pressure range from 0.1 to 10 MPa have been obtained for aqueous ZnSO4 solutions. These parameters helped evaluate the osmotic and activity coefficients of this system to 3.0 mol∙kg− 1 within the temperature and pressure range mentioned above. The pressure dependences of osmotic and activity coefficients have also been estimated using the equations derived by Rogers and Pitzer (1982). The results obtained by the method proposed in this research agree very well with those calculated using Rogers & Pitzer approach. The advantage of the method proposed here is that it directly provides a compact set of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters required for describing the osmotic and activity coefficients, in contrast to the other method. This study also provided important information as to the ion-association behaviour of aqueous ZnSO4 solution with respect to temperature and pressure. Further, the apparent molar enthalpies have been estimated using appropriate temperature derivatives of the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters.