bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typification of the Linnaean nameCleome heptaphylla(Cleomaceae) and Miller'sCleome erucago
Authors: Neto Raimundo Luciano Soares , Thomas William Wayt , Roalson Eric H. , de Vasconcellos Barbosa Maria Regina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe nameCleome heptaphyllawas published by Linnaeus in the second edition ofSpecies plantarumand is still untypified. Analysis of the protologue and the associated pre‐Linnaean names indicated the absence of original material that could serve for lectotypification. A specimen from Miller's herbarium at BM is designated as its neotype. The neotype ofC. heptaphyllais also original material ofC. erucago, another untypified name in this group, published a few years later by Miller.Cleome erucagois lectotypified using the same specimen and, as such, it is a homotypic synonym ofC. heptaphylla.
Evaluating advanced glycation end products by the clinical effects of Astragali Radix using skin autofluorescence
Authors: Watanabe Shunsuke , Aoyama Shigeo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCaseAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) associated with diabetes, renal failure, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease have recently been receiving attention. The present study aimed to investigate therapeutic effects of Astragali Radix (AR) using skin autofluorescence (SAF) to evaluate AGEs. Treatment group (May 2019 to May 2020) was 18 patients. AR administration period was six months. SAF, body mass index, mean blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase (ALT) were used.OutcomeSignificant differences in SAF (P <0.01) and serum creatinine (P = 0.03) were observed in the treatment group. Regression analysis showed that SAF was correlated with serum creatinine and ALT.ConclusionWe suggest that AR may improve SAF, serum creatinine, and ALT. Improving AGEs through AR may ameliorate liver function, and eGFR with improvement of serum creatinine. Future studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
A journey toward the heaven of chemical fidelity of intermolecular force fields
Authors: James Anto , John Chris , Melekamburath Ajay , Rajeevan Megha , Swathi Rotti Srinivasamurthy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlongside the evolution of density functional theory into a new era led by the dispersion‐corrected hybrid density functional theory approaches, formulation of a new generation of intermolecular potentials has also taken the center stage. An ideal potential formulation should desirably possess simplicity of functional forms, physically meaningful parameters, separability of various terms into atomic‐level contributions, computational tractability, ability to capture non‐additivity of interactions, transferability across different chemical species, and crucially, chemical fidelity in terms of reproducing the benchmark data. The Lennard‐Jones potential, one of the popular intermolecular pair potentials for performing large‐scale simulations fails to capture the intricate features of molecular interactions. Woven around the central theme of anisotropy in the nature of intermolecular interactions, herein, we describe various landmark contributions in the quest for chemical fidelity of empirical potential formulations that include (i) incorporation of the anisotropic nature of exchange‐repulsion and dispersion contributions, (ii) multipolar description of the dispersion terms, (iii) damping functions to provide an accurate description of the asymptotes, and (iv) transferability of intermolecular interaction terms. We illustrate the nuances of intermolecular force field development in the context of modeling the non‐covalent interactions governing the (i) binding of atoms and molecules with carbon nanostructures, (ii) molecular aggregates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and (iii) interlayer interactions in layered nanostructures. We exemplify the hierarchy of empirical potentials by depicting them on the various rungs of the Jacob's ladder equivalent of density functional theory for the intermolecular force fields. Finally, we discuss some possible futuristic directions in intermolecular force field development.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Software > Molecular Modeling
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions
Treatment of vegetable oil wastewater by a conventional activated sludge process coupled with electrocoagulation process
Authors: Akarsu Ceyhun , Bilici Zeynep , Dizge Nadir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present work aims to study chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil‐grease, and color removal from vegetable oil wastewater by combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes. For this purpose, the sample was pretreated using electrocoagulation by various optimization parameters such as electrode type (Al–Al and Fe–Fe), current density (100–400 A/m2), pH (2–8), and electrolysis time (15–180 min). The results showed that 89.3% of COD, 100% of oil‐grease, and 66.2% of color were removed by electrocoagulation under the conditions of 300‐A/m2 current density, pH 2, and 180‐min reaction time with Al–Al electrode pairs. Then, the effluent of electrocoagulation was treated by an activated sludge process. The results depicted that the activated sludge process was also effective for vegetable oil wastewater treatment and it enhanced 98.9% COD and 79.2% color removal efficiency. The effluent of the combined process was very clear, and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard of the water pollution control regulation. The laboratory‐scale test results indicate that the combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge process is feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater.Practitioner points

Vegetable oil wastewater was treated by combination of electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes.
The combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes supplied 99.9% COD, 100% oil‐grease, and 93.0% color removal efficiency.
The laboratory‐scale test results indicate that the combined EC‐SBR processes were feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater.
The effects of Zoo Lights on animal welfare: A case study of great Indian hornbills at Denver Zoo
Authors: Readyhough Taylor S. , Joseph Sharon , Vyas Katie , Schreier Amy L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPopular evening events, such as Zoo Lights, increase the exposure of animals in managed care to stressors such as artificial light and noise, which may alter their behavior and negatively affect animal well‐being. The pair of great Indian hornbills (Buceros bicornis) at Denver Zoo provided an opportunity to study the impacts of these stressors because their exhibit was open every evening during Zoo Lights 2017. We expected the hornbills to display increased aggressive behaviors during Zoo Lights due to more exposure to stressors compared to the periods before and after the holiday event. Alternatively, if behavioral changes were associated with hornbills' breeding season which runs from December−March, we expected the hornbills to engage in more affiliative behaviors, and to increase conspecific and nest proximity, during and after Zoo Lights compared to before it due to the onset and progression of the breeding season. The hornbills did not engage in significantly more aggressive behavior during Zoo Lights than before or after it. By contrast, the hornbills engaged in significantly more affiliative behaviors and increased conspecific proximity during and after Zoo Lights compared to before the event. These results are consistent with the timing of the hornbills' breeding season and not with the increased exposure to stressors during Zoo Lights. This case study provides an early step in assessing the impact of Zoo Lights on animals whose exhibits are part of these holiday events. Studies like this will help inform best practices for Zoo Lights events such that they are positive experiences for the zoo, visitors, and animals.
2 → 2N scattering: Eikonalisation and the Page curve
Authors: Gaddam Nava , Groenenboom Nico 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the spirit of studying the information paradox as a scattering problem, we pose and answer the following questions: i) What is the scattering amplitude for N particles to emerge from a large black hole when two energetic particles are thrown into it? ii) How long would we have to wait to recover the information sent in? The answer to the second question has long been expected to be Page time, a quantity associated with the lifetime of the black hole. We answer the first by evaluating an infinite number of ‘ladder of ladders’ Feynman diagrams to all orders in MPl/MBH. Such processes can generically be calculated in effective field theory in the black hole eikonal phase where scattering energies satisfy EMBH » $$ {M}_{\mathrm{Pl}}^2 $$

M
Pl
2

. Importantly, interactions are mediated by a fluctuating metric; a fixed geometry is insufficient to capture these effects. We find that the characteristic time spent by the particles in the scattering region (the so-called Eisenbud-Wigner time delay) is indeed Page time, confirming the long-standing expectation. This implies that the entropy of radiation continues to increase, after the particles are thrown in, until after Page time, when information begins to re-emerge.
Conformal wavefunctions for graviton amplitudes
Authors: Liu Chang , Lowe David A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The extended-BMS algebra of asymptotically flat spacetime contains an SO(3, 1) subgroup that acts by conformal transformations on the celestial sphere. It is of interest to study the representations of this subgroup associated with gravitons. To reduce the equation of motion to a Schrodinger-like equation it is necessary to impose a non-covariant gauge condition. Using these solutions, leading-order gauge invariant Weyl scalars are then computed and decomposed into families of unitary principal series representations. An invertible holographic mapping is constructed between these unitary principal series operators and massless spin-2 perturbations of flat spacetime.
Polar-Analytic Functions: Old and New Results, Applications
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Butzer Paul L. , Mantellini Ilaria , Schmeisser Gerhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHere we review the notion of polar analyticity introduced in a previous paper and successfully applied in Mellin analysis and for quadrature formulae over the positive real axis. This approach provides a simple way of describing functions which are analytic on a part of the Riemann surface of the logarithm. New results are also obtained.
Novel alkaloids from the fire ant, Solenopsis geminata
Authors: Vander Meer Robert K. , Chinta Satya P. , Jones Tappey H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSouth American fire ants, Solenopsis richteri and Solenopsis invicta, were accidently introduced into the southern USA in the 1900s and 1930s, respectively. The rapid spread and high population densities of S. invicta, and its potent sting, resulted in broad economic impacts and a variety of research efforts. In the 1970s, their venom alkaloids were identified as a complex blend of trans-2-methyl-6-alkyl- and alkenyl-piperidines. Solenopsis geminata is a worldwide tramp species but a native of the southern coastal regions of the USA. It was found to only produce cis- and trans-2-methyl-6-undecyl-piperidines. These alkaloids were considered the Solenopsis ancestral alkaloid profile since they were identified from female sexuals (potential queens) of all Solenopsis species in South and North America. The dramatic modification of alkaloids in Solenopsis invicta was attributed to their response to evolutionary pressure and the lack of change in S. geminata alkaloids due to no response to evolutionary pressure. Here we report the unexpected discovery of 6-undecyl-pyridine, 2-methyl-6-undecyl-pyridine and 2-methyl-6-(1)-undecenyl-pyridine as components of S. geminata worker venom, suggesting that S. geminata like its South American relatives have responded to evolutionary pressures. Our results will stimulate future research on S. geminata populations throughout the tropical/subtropical world.
Tropical Jucys covers
Authors: Hahn Marvin Anas , Lewanski Danilo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study monotone and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers from a bosonic Fock space perspective. This yields to an interpretation in terms of tropical geometry involving local multiplicities given by Gromov-Witten invariants. Furthermore, this enables us to prove that a main result of Cavalieri-Johnson-Markwig-Ranganathan is actually equivalent to the Gromov-Witten/Hurwitz correspondence by Okounkov-Pandharipande for the equivariant Riemann sphere.
Impact of spawning season on fillet quality of wild pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)
Authors: Tönißen Katrin , Pfuhl Ralf , Franz George P. , Dannenberger Dirk , Bochert Ralf , Grunow Bianka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a freshwater fish that has become increasingly popular as a food fish. Within this study, the influence of the spawning process on meat quality was investigated. For this purpose, adult pikeperch was examined directly before and after spawning, and compared regarding physical meat parameters and lipid composition. The results indicate that after spawning, the values of the pH, the electrical conductivity and the yellowness value of fillet were significantly higher than those of the animals sampled before spawning. Analysis of the sum of the total lipid content indicates no differences before and after closed season, but differences in the fatty acid profile were present. Despite significant lower MUFA concentrations, the EPA and DHA showed unaffected high contents. Therefore, the fish muscle indicated an equivalent meat quality. Nevertheless, the significant changes of some physical meat quality parameters after spawning season could have a particular impact on the shelf life and storage of the pikeperch fillet, highlighting the need for further research.
Newly Hatched Stage I American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Survival Following Exposure to Physically and Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil
Authors: de Jourdan Benjamin P. , Boloori Tahereh , Burridge Les E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStandard model species are commonly used in toxicity tests due to their biological and technical advantages but studying native species increases the specificity and relevance of results generated for the potential risk assessment to an ecosystem. Accounting for intraspecies variability and other factors, such as chemical and physical characterization of test medium, is necessary to develop a reproducible bioassay for toxicity testing with native species. In this study, larval stage I American lobster (Homarus americanus), a commercially important and native species of Atlantic Canada, was used as the test species. Toxicity tests were first conducted by exposing lobster larvae to a reference toxicant of copper sulphate (CuSO4) and then to physically and chemically (using Corexit 9500A) dispersed oil (WAF and CEWAF, respectively). The effect on larval survival was estimated by calculating the 24-h median effect concentration (24-h EC50), and there was no difference between WAF or CEWAF exposure when the results are reported on a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) basis. The 24-h EC50s ranged from 2.54 to 9.73 mg TPH/L when all trials (n = 19) are considered together. The HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5 per cent of the population) value was 2.52 mg TPH/L and similar to the EC50 value when all trials were pooled. To evaluate the reproducibility of the lobster toxicity tests, inter-trial variability was determined, and the resultant coefficients of variation (%CV) were compared to those reported for two standard test species, mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) and inland silverside (Menidia beryillina). This comparison showed that the %CV for the lobster toxicity tests were lower than those for the standard species tests indicating that the described larval lobster toxicity bioassay produces reliable and repeatable results.
Sex differences in immune gene expression in the brain of a small shorebird
Authors: Valdebenito José O. , Maher Kathryn H. , Zachár Gergely , Huang Qin , Zhang Zhengwang , Young Larry J. , Székely Tamás , Que Pinjia , Liu Yang , Urrutia Araxi O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMales and females often exhibit differences in behaviour, life histories, and ecology, many of which are typically reflected in their brains. Neuronal protection and maintenance include complex processes led by the microglia, which also interacts with metabolites such as hormones or immune components. Despite increasing interest in sex-specific brain function in laboratory animals, the significance of sex-specific immune activation in the brain of wild animals along with the variables that could affect it is widely lacking. Here, we use the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) to study sex differences in expression of immune genes in the brain of adult males and females, in two wild populations breeding in contrasting habitats: a coastal sea-level population and a high-altitude inland population in China. Our analysis yielded 379 genes associated with immune function. We show a significant male-biased immune gene upregulation. Immune gene expression in the brain did not differ in upregulation between the coastal and inland populations. We discuss the role of dosage compensation in our findings and their evolutionary significance mediated by sex-specific survival and neuronal deterioration. Similar expression profiles in the coastal and inland populations suggest comparable genetic control by the microglia and possible similarities in pathogen pressures between habitats. We call for further studies on gene expression of males and females in wild population to understand the implications of immune function for life-histories and demography in natural systems.
Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Padyukov Leonid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease involving symmetric joints and is generally characterized by persistent pain, tenderness, and destruction of joints. The vast majority of RA patients produce autoantibodies, and immune cell involvement in disease development is well recognized, as is the contribution of other types of cells in synovial tissue, like fibroblasts. It is known that there are major genetic associations with the HLA locus, while multiple non-HLA genetic variants display relatively low risk of RA. Both HLA and non-HLA associations suggest that the profiles of genetic associations for autoantibody-positive vs. autoantibody-negative RA are different. Several alleles ofHLA-DRB1are associated with high risk for autoantibody-positive RA, with the strongest risk characterized by valine at position 11 of the protein sequence (HLA-DRB1*04 and *10 alleles). There is a strong protective effect for the risk of autoantibody-positive RA associated withHLA-DRB1*13 alleles. Although major genetic associations have been known for several years, understanding of the specific mechanisms in the development of increased risk of RA for these variations is work in progress. Current studies focus on the binding of immune receptors involved in recognition of putative peptides in activation of T cells, as well as investigation of cell signaling mechanisms. At least a part of RA risk could be explained by gene–gene and gene-environment interactions. There are currently more than 150 candidate loci with polymorphisms that associate with RA, mainly related to seropositive disease, and new discoveries are anticipated in the future from investigation of diverse human populations. This new research will help create a strong foundation for the continuing process of integrating genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data in studies of RA.
Long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in tardive dystonia: a follow-up of 5–14 years
Authors: Krause Patricia , Kroneberg Daniel , Gruber Doreen , Koch Kristin , Schneider Gerd-Helge , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Pallidal DBS is an established treatment for severe isolated dystonia. However, its use in disabling and treatment-refractory tardive syndromes (TS) including tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia (TD) is less well investigated and long-term data remain sparse. This observational study evaluates long-term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in patients with medically refractory TS.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of seven TD patients with bilateral GPi-DBS. Involuntary movements, dystonia and disability were rated at long-term follow-up (LT-FU) after a mean of 122 ± 33.2 SD months (range 63–171 months) and compared to baseline (BL), short-term (ST-FU; mean 6 ± 2.0 SD months) and 4-year follow-up (4y-FU; mean 45 ± 12.3 SD months) using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), respectively. Quality of life and mood were evaluated using the SF36 and Beck Depression Index (BDI) questionnaires, respectively.

Results
At LT-FU patients had improved by 73% ± 14.2 SD in involuntary movements and 90% ± 1.0 SD in dystonia. Mood had improved significantly whereas quality of life remained unchanged compared to baseline. No serious long-lasting stimulation-related adverse events (AEs) were observed. Three patients of this cohort presented without active stimulation and ongoing symptom relief at long-term follow-up after 3–10 years of continuous DBS.

Conclusion
Pallidal DBS is a safe and effective long-term TD treatment. Even more interesting, three of our patients could stop stimulation after several years of DBS without serious relapse. Larger studies need to explore the phenomenon of ongoing symptom relief after DBS cessation.