bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐utero cannabis exposure and long‐term psychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcomes: The limitations of existing literature and recommendations for future research
Authors: Sujan Ayesha C. , Young‐Wolff Kelly C. , Avalos Lyndsay A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGiven increases in cannabis use in pregnancy and animal model research showing effects of in‐utero cannabis exposure, high‐quality information on long‐term consequences of in‐utero cannabis exposure in humans is needed. While reviews have summarized findings from observational studies with humans, reviews have not focused on limitations of these studies and recommendations for future research. Therefore, we critically reviewed observational research on in‐utero cannabis exposure and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcomes measured at or after age 3 and provided recommendations for future research. We used Web of Science, Google Scholar, and work cited from relevant identified publications to identify 46 papers to include in our review. Our review includes two main sections. The first section highlights the extensive limitations of the existing research, which include small and nongeneralizable samples, reliance on self‐reported data, lack of detail on timing and amount of exposure, inclusion of older exposure data only, not accounting for important confounders, inclusion of potential mediators as covariates, not including outcome severity measures, and not assessing for offspring sex differences. The second section provides recommendations for future research regarding exposure and outcome measures, sample selection, confounder adjustment, and other methodological considerations. For example, with regard to exposure definition, we recommend that studies quantify the amount of cannabis exposure, evaluate the influence of timing of exposure, and incorporate biological measures (e.g., urine toxicology measures). Given that high‐quality information on long‐term consequences of in‐utero cannabis exposure in humans does not yet exit, it is crucial for future research to address the limitations we have identified.
Molecular characteristics of the multi‐functional FAO enzyme ACAD9 illustrate the importance of FADH2/NADH ratios for mitochondrial ROS formation
Authors: Speijer Dave 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA decade ago I postulated that ROS formation in mitochondria was influenced by different FADH2/NADH (F/N) ratios of catabolic substrates. Thus, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) would give higher ROS formation than glucose oxidation. Both the emergence of peroxisomes and neurons not using FAO, could be explained thus. ROS formation in NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) comes about by reverse electron transport (RET) due to high QH2 levels, and scarcity of its electron‐acceptor (Q) during FAO. The then new, unexpected, finding of an FAO enzyme, ACAD9, being involved in complex I biogenesis, hinted at connections in line with the hypothesis. Recent findings about ACAD9's role in regulation of respiration fit with predictions the model makes: cementing connections between ROS production and F/N ratios. I describe how ACAD9 might be central to reversing the oxidative damage in complex I resulting from FAO. This seems to involve two distinct, but intimately connected, ACAD9 characteristics: (i) its upregulation of complex I biogenesis, and (ii) releasing FADH2, with possible conversion into FMN, the crucial prosthetic group of complex I. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/N7AT_HBNumg
Further evaluation of a decision‐making algorithm supporting visual analysis of time‐series data
Authors: Kril Darla N. , Brodhead Matthew T. , Moorehouse Amelia G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVisual analysis is a cornerstone of decision‐making in Applied Behavior Analysis. Individuals responsible for implementing behavioral interventions and analyzing data are often behavior technicians who may not be provided with the training necessary to be proficient in visual analysis. Therefore, there is a need for an effective and streamlined method to train visual analysis. Previous research has suggested using a decision‐making algorithm (DMA) to aid individuals in making decisions about time‐series data. The current study further evaluated the effects of a DMA on accurate visual analysis of time‐series data. We presented graduate students with time‐series graphs, each graph depicting 10 data points which resembled one of the four options depicted in the DMA. The results indicated five of the six participants demonstrated an increase in correct responding when the DMA was introduced. One participant (Participant 4) required an asynchronous feedback session. Correct responding maintained for five of the six participants when the DMA was removed. Following the maintenance probe, high levels of percentage of correct responding maintained for four of the six participants.
Thermoluminescent Tb(III) and Dy(III) complexes with redox‐active ligands: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Emelina Tatyana B. , Mirochnik Anatolii G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermoluminescence and persistent luminescent materials with unique delayed emission have attracted much attention and exhibit great promise in optical information storage. In this manuscript, to reveal the thermoluminescence mechanism, a combined experimental and theoretical study of ternary Ln(NO3)2Acac(Phen)2 complexes, where Ln is Tb(III), Dy(III), Eu(III), Acac is acetylacetonate anion, and Phen is 1,10‐phenanthroline, was carried out. The terbium and dysprosium complexes had thermoluminescence properties, while the europium complex did not. A thermoluminescence mechanism is proposed: the powerful double π‐conjugate phenanthroline system appearance upon photoexcitation, the peculiarities of frontier orbitals, the abnormally small highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, and the geometrical changes in the terbium and dysprosium complexes led us to suggest that phenanthroline molecules serve as ‘chemical’ electron traps. Therefore, we succeeded in ‘freezing’ and storing the excited state of complexes I and II indefinitely. The obtained thermoluminescent materials with ‘chemical’ traps of electrons are capable of storing the energy from incident photons and exhibit a great opportunity in optical information storage and anticounterfeiting applications.
The all‐Wales forensic adolescent consultation and treatment service (FACTS): A 5‐year referral cohort study
Authors: Kalebic Natasha , Argent Sarah , Austin Harry , Bramley Lachlan , O’Connor Gwen , Hoskins Caroline , Willis Abigail , Withecomb Julie , Forrester Andrew , Morgan Peter , Taylor Pamela J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFACTS is a Wales‐wide mental health service for 10–17‐year‐olds with needs beyond the remit of mainstream child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). As a purely consultation‐liaison service, it differs from other UK services in the field.AimsTo describe a complete cohort of referrals to FACTS 2013–2017 with service exit by June 2018.MethodsClinical, social and offending data were extracted from FACTS records.Results80 young people completed a FACTS episode, averaging nearly a year (309 days; range 13–859 days). Mostly boys (65, 81%) of mean age 15.4 years (range 9–18), two‐thirds (n = 53) had three or more referral reasons, one invariably being threatened/actual harm to others; only half were criminal‐justice involved. Half (41, 51%) were committing sexually harmful acts. Half were self‐harming (41, 51%). All but seven had had at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE), nearly half (35, 44%) four or more. Nevertheless, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was rarely diagnosed (7, 9%); just over one‐quarter (23, 29%) had no diagnosis at all. Correspondence analyses endorsed two distinct Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder groups, distinguished by presence/absence of evidenced brain damage or dysfunction. Suicide‐related behaviours clustered with the other diagnoses, flashbacks and psychotic symptoms with no diagnosis. Change in home circumstances during a FACTS episode was slight.ConclusionsThe complexity of presenting problems and service involvement evidences need for FACTS. The extent of persistently harmful sexual behaviours is a novel finding, suggesting need for more expert input for this at other service levels. Rarity of PTSD diagnoses was surprising given the extent of ACEs. This raises concerns that services focus on disorder signs rather than the child's inner life. Given the extent of problems, minimal change may be a positive outcome – especially when remaining in the community. Further development of this service should include explicit case‐by‐case goals and indicative outcome markers.
Influence of Framework n(Si)/n(Al) Ratio on the Nature of Cu Species in Cu‐ZSM‐5 for NH3‐SCR‐DeNOx
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Góra‐Marek Kinga , Bruzzese Paolo Cleto , Palčić Ana , Pyra Kamila , Tarach Karolina , Bertmer Marko , Poppitz David , Pöppl Andreas , Gläser Roger 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanosized Cu‐containing ZSM‐5 catalysts with different n(Si)/n(Al) ratio of 18.9–50.5 were prepared by ion‐exchange. The physico‐chemical characterization clearly shows that the molar ratio of framework T atoms influences the nature and distribution of copper species. According to DR UV‐Vis, TPR‐H2, EPR, or FT‐IR spectroscopy analyses, the amount of aggregated copper species increases with increasing the framework n(Si)/n(Al) ratio. Thus, the activity of the Cu‐containing ZSM‐5 with n(Si)/n(Al) ratio of 47.0—50.5 in the selective catalytic NO reduction with NH3 (NH3‐SCR‐DeNOx) significantly decreases compared to the other materials (n(Si)/n(Al) ratio of 18.9—19.6). The reaction mechanism has been discussed in light of the results of 2D COS (two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy) analysis of IR spectra and catalytic properties of the zeolites. The results make evident that enhanced activity of Cu‐containing ZSM‐5 in NH3‐SCR‐DeNOx is correlated with the formation of different NOx− under the experimental conditions.
Enhancing Potassium Storage Performance in VO2/V2O3@C Nanosheets by Synergistic Effect of Oxygen Vacancy and C‐O‐V Bond
Authors: Ouyang Dandan , Wang Chunyan , Yang Liuqian , Zhang Yue , Wang Ya‐nan , Zhu Hui , Yu Feng , Yin Jiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe potassium‐ion battery (PIB) is regarded as a promising energy storage system to replace lithium‐ion battery, while the sluggish kinetics and large K+ size result in inferior rate performance and poor cycle stability, impeding its extensive development. Here, a carbon coated VO2/V2O3 nanoparticles (VO2/V2O3@C) was prepared by simple reflux and pyrolysis process with polyaniline as the carbon source. The C−O−V bond and the oxygen vacancy within VO2/V2O3@C can not only accelerate the charge transfer between carbon and VO2/V2O3 nanoparticles, but also increase the active sites. Therefore, VO2/V2O3@C as an anode for PIB exhibits an excellent rate (78 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and long‐cycling performance (147.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles), and the full cell PIB shows high power density and energy density as well. This work provides a pathway to design other high‐performance anodes for PIBs.
Tetrathienyl Corannulene Compounds with Highly Sensitive Photochromism
Authors: Yamada Mihoko , Sawazaki Tomoya , Fujita Mae , Asanoma Fumio , Nishikawa Yoshiko , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized photochromic tetrathienyl corannulene compounds, 1,2,7,8‐tetrakis(2‐methyl‐5‐phenylthiophen‐3‐yl)corannulene (1) and 1,2,7,8‐tetrakis(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenylthiophen‐3‐yl)corannulene (2), by fusing two units of photochromic terarylene with a curved aromatic corannulene with a promising antenna effect. Compound 1 exhibited highly sensitive photoreactivity, with a large molar absorption coefficient of 8.2×104 M−1 cm−1 and practically photon‐quantitative photocyclization. On the other hand, a terarylene derivative with a planar aromatic phenanthrene, 9,10‐bis(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenylthiophen‐3‐yl)phenanthrene (4) showed no photoreactivity. The reason for such a difference was attributed to the predominance of the photoreactive atropisomers amplified by energy migration, and the shortened distance between reactive carbons induced by the curved structure.
A multispecies 1D concentration distribution model for coarse‐particle slurries
Authors: Spelay Ryan B. , Hashemi Seyed A. , Gillies Randall G. , Sanders R. Sean 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoarse‐particle (settling) slurry pipelines are key process units in many industries. In Canada's oil sands operations, such pipelines represent hundreds of millions of dollars of infrastructure investment and transport thousands of tonnes of solids every hour. The ability to determine key design/operating parameters of a settling slurry, such as frictional pressure gradient and deposition velocity, is dependent on the accuracy of the concentration distribution model used to determine the local concentration of coarse solids as a function of vertical position within the pipe. Accurate predictions of the concentration profile are also required for physics‐based models of particle‐impact erosion in slurry pipelines. In this study, an improved concentration distribution model was developed. The classic Schmidt‐Rouse turbulent diffusion equation forms the basis for the model. The improvements made here include the use of a more suitable, high‐concentration hindered settling velocity correlation, and a simple semi‐empirical correlation for the particle diffusivity, which is shown to be dependent only upon the terminal particle settling velocity and the Kolmogorov turbulent velocity scale. The model is applicable to slurries with broad size distributions and/or species with different densities. The performance of the model is tested against numerous slurry flow conditions, including particles from 70 μm to 8 mm in diameter, pipe diameters of 76 mm ≤ D ≤ 500 mm, and in situ solids volume concentrations from 0.10 to 0.45. The concentration distribution predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement with the measurements.
Shaping future together – potential of an environmental citizen science project for science education
Authors: Lüsse Mientje , Brockhage Frauke , Beeken Marco , Pietzner Verena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDas Thema Nachhaltigkeit wird längst nicht mehr nur in der Wissenschaft, sondern auch in der Gesellschaft zunehmend breit diskutiert. An dieser Stelle setzt Citizen Science an und ermöglicht die aktive Teilnahme von Bürger:innen an aktuellen Forschungsthemen. Die Einbindung von Schüler:innen in Citizen Science‐Projekte birgt in vielerlei Hinsicht ein bedeutsames Potenzial, welches sich nicht nur hinsichtlich der Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE), sondern auch in der Förderung zahlreicher Basiskompetenzen naturwissenschaftlicher Fächer zeigt. Anhand eines Citizen Science‐Projekts zur Nitratbelastung von Gewässern werden konkrete Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt.
Development of a low‐cost experiment for chemistry lessons using the example of the enzymatic fuel cell with lactase
Authors: Grandrath Rebecca , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn dem Artikel wird das Prinzip der curricularen Innovationsforschung kurz dargelegt, ehe dieses anhand der enzymatischen Brennstoffzelle verdeutlicht wird: Zunächst wird die Themenwahl begründet. Anschließend werden ausgehend von einem in der fachdidaktischen Literatur vorgestellten System zur enzymatischen Brennstoffzelle mit β‐Glucoseoxidase und Laccase einzelne Stationen der Optimierung beziehungsweise der Neuentwicklung eines analogen Schulversuchs mit Lactase vorgestellt und Ausblick auf bestehende Implementationen gewährt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Einschätzung zur Eignung des Schulversuchs der enzymatischen Brennstoffzelle mit Lactase.
From the laboratory to the living room – KEMIE® in times of Corona
Authors: Zellmer Stefan , Schlüter Bert , Blau Jeannette , Lewalter Doris , Sommer Katrin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDie Corona‐Pandemie hat mit „Lernen auf Distanz“ eine neue Form des Lernens etabliert. Auch außerschulische Lernorte mussten auf diese Form des Lernens zurückgreifen, was die Frage aufwirft, ob das Erleben der Basic Needs bei einem experimentellen Lernarrangement in Distanz in ähnlicher Weise ausgeprägt ist wie bei einem Präsenzformat. Die Untersuchung wird mit einem Fragebogen im etablierten, experimentellen Lernarrangement KEMIE® durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Distanzeinheiten häufig mit mindestens ebenso hohen Ausprägungen der Basic Needs verbunden sind. Insbesondere bei der erlebten Autonomie mit der Facette Selbstbestimmtheit liegen die Werte der Distanzeinheit über denen der Präsenzeinheit. Es kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass bei der Übertragung eines bestehenden Konzeptes ohne große Änderungen aus dem Labor in das heimische Wohnzimmer unter der Beachtung weniger Grundsätze das Erleben der Basic Needs weiterhin gewährleistet werden kann.
Preparing an ATP/P (n‐BuMA‐St)/Fe3O4 Oil‐Absorbing Resin Composite via a Double Pickering Emulsion Template Method and Elucidation of Its Properties
Authors: Chun Tong Yong , Yun Wang Qing , Feng Min , Ling He Qiao , Liu Yun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNumerous methods have been used for preparing porous materials; however, these techniques can not uniformly incorporate inorganic additives into the pore structure. Therefore, a novel method has been presented to fabricate an oil‐absorbing resin composite with three‐dimensional porous structure by using a double Pickering emulsion template. First, an oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil double Pickering emulsion was prepared using attapulgite (ATP) and modified Fe3O4. Second, the Pickering emulsion was employed as a template to synthesize the ATP/P(n‐BuMA‐St)/Fe3O4 oil‐absorbing resin composite by utilizing butyl methacrylate (n‐BuMA) and styrene (St) as comonomers, divinylbenzene as the crosslinking agent, and benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. Finally, the oil absorption performance of the resin composite was explored. The oil absorption ratio of the resin goes up to 754.75 %, while its oil retention rate approximately equals 84 %; when the mass ratio of St and poly (butyl methacrylate) is 2 : 1, the mass percentages of crosslinking agent, initiator, emulsifier, and ATP are observed to be 2 %, 0.4 %, 3 %, and 0.6 %, respectively. Overall, this work provides a novel strategy for preparing an oil‐absorbing composite resin, which is expected to be popularized and utilized for oil spill remediation and oily wastewater treatment.
Trouble in NY: Opioid settlement money in danger of being co‐opted
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: June 2022

The New York legislature took steps to make sure that the opioid settlement money did not suffer the same fate as the Master Settlement Agreement between the tobacco industry and the states, in which the money which was supposed to go to treatment for tobacco‐related diseases went instead into the states' general treasuries. The legislature guaranteed that an independent advisory board would make recommendations on how the opioid settlement money would be spent. But the first batch of that money, $208 million, appears to be disappearing into a state‐run secret system in which the advisory board is being shafted.
Induced mutations in ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE‐A2 reduce free asparagine concentration in the wheat grain
Authors: Alarcón‐Reverte Rocío , Xie Yucong , Stromberger John , Cotter Jennifer D. , Mason Richard Esten , Pearce Stephen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcrylamide is a neurotoxin and probable carcinogen formed as a processing contaminant during baking and production of different foodstuffs, including bread products. The amino acid asparagine is the limiting substrate in the Maillard reaction that produces acrylamide, so developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with low free asparagine concentrations in the grain is a promising approach to reduce dietary acrylamide exposure. A candidate gene approach was used to identify chemically induced genetic variation in ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE 2 (ASN2) genes that exhibit a grain‐specific expression profile. In field trials, durum and common wheat lines carrying asn‐a2 null alleles exhibited reductions in free asparagine concentration in their grains of between 9 and 34% compared with wildtype sister lines. These plants showed no significant differences in spikelet number, grain size and weight, germination or baking quality traits. These nontransgenic variants can be deployed without regulatory oversight in elite wheat germplasm to reduce acrylamide‐forming potential with no negative effects on quality or agronomic performance.
Click chemistry‐based synthesis of new benzenesulfonamide derivatives bearing triazole ring as selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors
Authors: Ewies Ewies F. , Sabry Eman , Bekheit Mohamed S. , Fouad Marwa A. , Vullo Daniela , Supuran Claudiu T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of 1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐ylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives was designed, synthesized and their ability to inhibit several carbonic anhydrase isoforms was evaluated. The basis of our design is to hybridize the benzenesulfonamide moiety widely used as a zinc‐binding group, a triazole ring as spacer with a tail of different substituted aryl moieties. The synthesis of these compounds was achieved using Cu(I)‐mediated click chemistry between the azide containing the benzenesulfonamide pharmacophore and various aryl acetylenes or 1,6‐heptadiyne through copper‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. The ability the new derivatives to inhibit four human carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I, II, IX, and XII was evaluated. All the compounds exhibited good potency and high selectivity towards isoforms hCA I and II more than isoforms hCA IX and XII, especially for the derivatives 3c and 3j that displayed Ki of 2.8 and 3.8 nM against hCA II and a high hCA II selectivity ratio ranging from 77.6 to 3571.4 over other isoforms. All the compounds were docked in the active site of the downloaded hCA II active site and their binding pattern confirmed their significant activity by interacting of the sulfonamide moiety with zinc ion in the active site, in addition to its hydrogen bond interaction with Thr199 and Thr200. All the above‐mentioned findings pointed out towards the promising activity of the synthesized series that can be presented as a new scaffold to be further optimized as selective antiglaucoma drugs.
Eph and ephrin signaling in the development of the central auditory system
Authors: Krasewicz Jakub , Yu Wei‐Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcoustic communication relies crucially on accurate interpretation of information about the intensity, frequency, timing, and location of diverse sound stimuli in the environment. To meet this demand, neurons along different levels of the auditory system form precisely organized neural circuits. The assembly of these precise circuits requires tight regulation and coordination of multiple developmental processes. Several groups of axon guidance molecules have proven critical in controlling these processes. Among them, the family of Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands emerge as one group of key players. They mediate diverse functions at multiple levels of the auditory pathway, including axon guidance and targeting, topographic map formation, as well as cell migration and tissue pattern formation. Here, we review our current knowledge of how Eph and ephrin molecules regulate different processes in the development and maturation of central auditory circuits.