bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Arterial Spin Labeling for Prediction of
Cerebral Infarct Volume in Acute Atherothrombotic Stroke
Authors: Huang Hai-Tao , Li Xie , Wang Xinmin , Liang Bo , Li Huan , Liang Jianye 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
To investigate the usefulness of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) for predicting final infarct volume in patients with acute atherothrombotic subtype cerebral infarction (AT-type stroke).

Methods:
The data of 77 patients with AT-type stroke were retrospectively analyzed. ASL and DWI values of minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (minADC), mean ADC (meanADC), minimum cerebral blood flow (minCBF), and mean CBF (meanCBF) of the infarction lesions were measured. Changes in cerebral infarction volume (ΔVolume) were determined by DWI reexamination on the 7th day after onset. Correlations of ADC and CBF with ΔVolume were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the usefulness of ADC and CBF values for predicting final infarct volume.

Results:
There was significant difference in the distribution of the ΔVolume in AT-type stroke (P < 0.0001). The ADC and minCBF values were negatively correlated with the infarct ΔVolume (P < 0.05); meanCBF and ΔCBF were not correlated with ΔVolume. When minADC was ≤0.303 × 10−3 mm2/s, minCBF1.5 ≤2.415 mL/100 g/min, or minCBF2.5 ≤4.25 mL/100 g/min, ΔVolume was likely to be large. The ROC curve showed highest predictive value for minADC and minCBF.

Conclusions:
Distinctive patterns of quantitative ADC and CBF can be used as a simple and rapid method for predicting change of infarction volume in AT-type stroke.
Nanotechnology: A Promising Approach in Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Chaskar Atul , Azmi Namrah , Tiwari Abhishekh , Kaur Navjeet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
This review focuses on nerve degeneration a major health problem of nowadays,
caused due to different nerve diseases or injuries. The low regenerative capacity of the nerve
leads to primary brain injury. Clinical therapies available were only able to stabilize lesion progression.
Reversal of the degeneration process and functional regeneration promotion were
brought about by the implementation of nanotechnology in biology, allowing cell tissue integration.
Nanomaterials implemented in the delivery of drugs and bioactive materials treat specifically
targeted cells. Nanomaterials made in contact with cells lead to stem cell therapy, promoting
stem cell differentiation and neurogenesis. Nanomaterials were also screened for their appropriateness
as potential scaffold materials, owing to their neuroprotectant activity in nerve regeneration.
hiPSC-Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation Therapy for Spinal
Cord Injury
Authors: Du Xiaofeng , Amponsah Asiamah Ernest , Kong Desheng , He Jingjing , Ma Zhenhuan , Ma Jun , Cui Huixian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic event that incurs substantial personal and social costs.
The complex pathophysiology associated with SCI often limits the regeneration of nerve tissue at the
injured site and leads to permanent nerve damage. With advances in stem cell biology, the field of regenerative
medicine offers the hope of solving this challenging problem. Neural stem/progenitor cells
(NSPCs) possess nerve regenerative and neuroprotective effects, and transplanting NSPCs in their optimized
form into an injured area holds promising therapeutic potential for SCI. In this review, we summarize
the advantages and disadvantages of NSPCs derived from different sources while highlighting the
utility of NSPCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, an NSPC source with superior advantages,
according to data from in vivo animal models and the latest clinical trials.
Long-term Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on the
Quality of Life of Patients with β-thalassemia Major in Guangxi, China - A
Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhai Lu , Liu Yuhua , Huo Rongrui , Pan Zhaofang , Zhang Yaqun , Li Zhi , Li Fang , Fan Jing , Wei Wei 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The purpose of our study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) of patients with
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for more than 2 years for β-thalassemia major (β-TM)
with that of β-TM patients with conventional therapy (blood infusion and iron chelation) and that of the
general population.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional comparative study on the QOL of 225 β-TM patients treated with
blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy, 133 β-TM patients who had undergone HSCT or 270 ageand
sex-matched healthy individuals from Guangxi, China. Child-self and parent-proxy reports of the
PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales were used to prospectively evaluate QOL.

Results:
The incidence of acute GVHD was 14.3% (grade III-IV in 4.5% of patients), and that of chronic
GVHD was 3.8%. This was lower than that of previous studies since the inclusion of anti-thymocyte
globulin (ATG). Patients who underwent transplantation from a voluntary donor had higher QOL scores
and lower rates of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD and comorbidities than those receiving stem cell sources
from an HLA mismatched related donor (haploidentical donor). Transplants with PBSCs or UCBT,
PBSCT+BMT, BMT, or BMT+UCBT as stem cell sources did not have any impact on QOL. The QOL of
β-TM patients was very similar to that of the general population. More complications (P<0.001), shorter
post-transplantation time (P<0.001), and older age at HSCT (P=0.01) were associated with poorer child
QOL (P=0.020). Additional analyses investigating QOL of β-TM patients receiving conventional treatment
with β-TM revealed poorer outcomes than the cohort of transplanted patients.

Conclusion:
β-TM patients can be cured by HSCT and regain QOL as good as that of the general population.
β-TM patients are suggested to undergo HSCT as soon as possible to avoid complications related to
iron overload and blood infusion.
The SDF-1/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway Directs the Migration of Systemically
Transplanted Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards the
Lesion Site in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhao Andong , Chung Manhon , Yang Yi , Pan Xiaohua , Pan Yu , Cai Sa 
Published: May 2022

Background:
It has been observed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
migrate towards the injured spinal cord and promote functional recovery when systemically transplanted
into the traumatized spinal cord. However, the mechanisms underlying their migration to the spinal cord
remain poorly understood.

Methods:
In this study, we systemically transplanted GFP- and luciferase-expressing MSCs into rat models
of spinal cord injury and examined the role of the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 axis
in regulating the migration of transplanted MSCs to the spinal cord. After intravenous injection, MSCs
migrated to the injured spinal cord where the expression of SDF-1 was increased. Spinal cord recruitment
of MSCs was blocked by pre-incubation with an inhibitor of CXCR4. Their presence correlated with
morphological and functional recovery. In vitro, SDF-1 or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from SCI
rats promoted a dose-dependent migration of MSCs in culture, which was blocked by an inhibitor of
CXCR4 or SDF-1 antibody.

Results and Conclusion:
The study suggests that SDF-1/CXCR4 interactions recruit exogenous MSCs to
injured spinal cord tissues and may enhance neural regeneration. Modulation of the homing capacity may
be instrumental in harnessing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
pH-responsive Sulfated Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor Cells and CAFs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Di , Wu Jingliang , Qi Cuiping , Dong Jinping , Ding Xueying , Yu Guohua , Liu Shuzhen , Zhang Bo , Gao Zhiqin , Wei Xiuhong , Liu Hongying 
Published: May 2022

Background:Tumor metastasis is a main cause of death in patients with breast cancer. The cross-talk between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells plays an important role in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. It is important to develop a novel delivery system to inhibit tumor development by simultaneously targeting both CAFs and tumor cells.Objective:The main objective of this research was to prepare nanoparticles to inhibit tumor prolifer-ation and migration by blocking the cross-talk of tumor-CAFs. Additionally, a novel “MCF-7+NIH/3T3” mixed cell model was established to mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME).Methods:In this study, the pH-responsive nanoparticles (MIF/DOX-sul-HA NPs) based on sulfated hyaluronic acid (sul-HA) polymers were prepared for co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and mife-pristone (MIF). The effects of anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis of MIF/DOX-sul-HA NPs were investigated both in vitro and in vivo.Results:The results showed that MIF/DOX-sul-HA NPs were nearly spherical in shape with narrow particle size distribution and pH-responsive drug release, and could be taken up by both MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cells. Compared with MCF-7 cells alone, the anti-tumor effect of single DOX was weak in the “MCF-7+NIH/3T3” mixed cell model. MIF/DOX-sul-HA NPs exhibited strong effects of anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis than the free single drug.Conclusion:The sul-HA nanoparticles for co-delivery of DOX and MIF could be a promising com-bined therapy strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Chronological Order Based Wrapper Technique for Drug-Target Interaction
Prediction (CO-WT DTI)
Authors: Gananathan Kavipriya , Dhanabalachandran Manjula , Sugumaran Vijayan 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Drug-Target Interactions (DTIs) are used to suggest new medications for diseases
or reuse existing drugs to treat other diseases since experimental procedures take years to complete,
and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) permission is necessary for drugs to be made available
in the market.

Objective:
Computational methods are favoured over wet-lab experiments in drug analysis, considering
that the process is tedious, time-consuming, and costly. The interactions between drug targets are computationally
identified, paving the way for unknown drug-target interactions for numerous diseases unknown
to researchers.

Methods:
This paper presents a Chronological Order-based Wrapper Technique for Drug-Target Interaction
prediction (CO-WT DTI) to discover novel DTI. In our proposed approach, drug features, as
well as protein features, are obtained by three feature extraction techniques while dimensionality reduction
is implemented to remove unfavourable features. The imbalance issue is taken care of by balancing
methods while the performance of the proposed approach is validated on benchmark datasets.

Results:
The proposed approach has been validated using four broadly used benchmark datasets, namely,
GPCR (G protein-coupled receptors), enzymes, nuclear receptors, and ion channels. Our experimental
results outperform other state-of-the-art methods based on the AUC (area under the Receiver
Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve) metric, and Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) is used
to evaluate the prediction performance of the proposed approach.

Conclusion:
The performance of feature extraction, balancing methods, dimensionality reduction, and
classifier suggests ways to contribute data to the development of new drugs. It is anticipated that our
model will help refine ensuing explorations, especially in the drug-target interaction domain.
The Underlying Mechanisms of Wujiayizhi Granule in Treating Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Xiang Liu , Lin Yue , Li Xianhai , Tang Qiang , Meng Fanbo , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2022

Background:Wujiayizhi granule (WJYZG) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which is used for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the clinical effect of WJYZG for AD is obvious, its underlying mechanism is still obscure.Objective:Explore the mechanism of WJYZG in the treatment of AD by using bioinformatics methods.Methods:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) and Encyclopedia Database of Chinese Medicine (ETCM) were used to search the ingredients and targets of WJYZG. DisGeNET, Drugbank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and Terapeutic Target Database (TTD) were used to retrieve the targets of AD. The Cytoscape3.6.1 software was used to construct the interaction network of herbs-ingredients-targets. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore the treatment mechanism of WJYZG on AD. Molecular docking was used to validate the interactions between the ingredients and targets.Results:One hundred and thirty-three ingredients were identified from WJYZG. According to the herbingredient- targets network, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, anhydroicaritin, and 8-prenyl-flavone were screened out as the key ingredients, which can interact with the core targets encompassing INS, IL6, TNF, IL1B, CASP3, PTGS2, VEGFA, and PPARG. The enrichment analysis indicates that the treatment of AD by WJYZG was through inhibiting inflammation and neurocyte apoptosis, regulating the calcium ion signaling pathway and adjusting INS levels.Conclusion:The underlying mechanisms of WJYZG in the treatment of AD were theoretically illustrated. We hope these results will enlighten the researches on AD.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of CENPA as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological
Biomarker in Human Cancer
Authors: Hu Zhongjiao , Zhang Shutao , Yan Xueling , Zheng Lulu , Ding Ke , Liu Shanshan , Shi Zheng 
Published: May 2022

Background:
CENPA is a rare histone variant that regulates various active centromeres and neocentromeres via diverse signal pathways. However, the expression of CENPA correlated with the prognosis of patients in human pan-cancer is still largely under explored.

Objective:
To find the role of CENPA in the prognosis and immunotherapy of cancer patients.

Methods:
In this study, multiple bioinformatic methods, including ONCOMINE database, TCGA database, GEPIA database, DAVID database, and TIMER database were integrated to comprehensively investigate the prognosis and immunity of CENPA in pan-cancer.

Results:
The results showed that CENPA was widely expressed in numerous cancer types, including liver cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer. Meanwhile, the increased CENPA expression was significantly related to poor prognosis in breast cancer, lung cancer, and sarcoma. Additionally, CENPA expression had a positive coefficient for immune cell infiltration, including B cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Furthermore, we screened out TGCT, THCA, and LUSC as the most vital cancers correlated with CENPA expression in the immune microenvironment, according to immune score and stromal score. Notably, 47 common immune checkpoint genes were explored in 33 cancer types based on the coefficients of CENPA expression. In addition, CENPA expression was strongly associated with TMB and MSI in various cancers, like BLCA, BRCA, CESC, and CHOL. Moreover, there was a high correlation between CENPA expression and DNA methylation was obtained by calculating relatedness coefficients. Enrichment analysis showed that CENPA might be involved in the progression of cancer through cell cycle-related pathways, p53 signaling pathways, and mismatch repair enrichment pathway.

Conclusions:
Taken together, our results suggested that CEPNA could be considered as a promising predictive biomarker affecting prognosis and immune infiltration in human pan-cancer.
A Systematic Review of Updated Mechanistic Insights Towards
Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mittal Arun , Sharma Rupali , Sardana Satish , Goyal Parveen Kumar , Piplani Mona , Pandey Anima 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that impairs
memory, cognitive abilities, and the ability to do everyday activities. This neurodegenerative disease is
growing increasingly common as the world's population ages. Here, we reviewed some of the key findings
showing the function of Aβ peptide, oxidative stress, free radical damage Triggering Receptors Expressed
cn Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), Nitric Oxide (NO) and gut microbiota in the aetiology of AD.

Methods:
The potentially relevant online medical databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar,
Cochrane Library, and JSTOR, were exhaustively researched. In addition, the data reported in the
present study were primarily intervened on the basis of the timeline selected from 1 January 2000 to 31
October 2021. The whole framework was designed substantially based on key terms and studies selected
by virtue of their relevance to our investigations.

Results:
Findings suggested that channels of free radicals, such as transition metal accumulation and
genetic factors, are mainly accountable for the redox imbalance that assist to understand better the
pathogenesis of AD and incorporating new therapeutic approaches. Moreover, TREM2 might elicit a
protective function for microglia in AD. NO causes an increase in oxidative stress and mitochondrial
damage, compromising cellular integrity and viability. The study also explored that the gut and CNS
communicate with one another and that regulating gut commensal flora might be a viable therapeutic
for neurodegenerative illnesses like AD.

Conclusion:
There are presently no viable therapies for Alzheimer's disease, but recent breakthroughs in
our knowledge of the disease's pathophysiology may aid in the discovery of prospective therapeutic targets.
Berberis aristata DC Extract Counteracts the High Fat Diet-Induced Reproductive
Toxicity in Female Wistar Rats via Modulating Oxidative Stress and
Resistance to Leptin and Insulin
Authors: Mushtaq Faiza , Akhtar Muhammad Furqan , Saleem Ammara , Sharif Ali , Akhtar Bushra , Askary Ahmad El , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , Javaid Zeeshan , Sohail Kashif , Anwar Fareeha 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The plant Berberis aristata is traditionally used and scientifically validated
for treating obesity and hyperlipidemia. It is also traditionally used to treat gynecological
abnormalities. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of
Berberis aristata for obesity-related reproductive changes and chemically characterize it.

Methods:
High-fat diet was given to 36 female rats for six weeks to induce obesity and infertility.
These obese rats were treated with 10 mg/kg orlistat or the plant extract at 125-500 mg/kg for 45
days.

Results:
The GC-MS analysis of the plant extract included fructose, thymic acid and other hydrocarbons.
The plant extract revealed a remarkable free radical scavenging activity. The treated
animals exhibited a decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides (p<0.001), insulin and leptin
levels (p<0.05), visceral fat, and body weight while increasing the estradiol level at 500 mg/kg
dose of the plant extract as compared with untreated animals as demonstrated from the histology
of the ovary. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde
and reduced glutathione were significantly (p<0.01-0.001) ameliorated in treated rats.

Conclutions:
B. aristata exhibited substantial potential against obesity-inducedreproductive damage
in female rats by reducing oxidative stress and resistance to leptin and insulin.
Proteome Exploration of Human Coronaviruses for Identifying
Novel Vaccine Candidate: A Hierarchical Subtractive Genomics
and Reverse Vaccinology Approach
Authors: Dorosti Hesam , Zarei Mahboubeh , Nezafat Navid 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for infecting more than
613,615,658 people in 222 countries by September 11, 2022, of which 6,516,076 have
died. COVID-19 was introduced by World Health Organization as a global concern and a
pandemic disease due to its prevalence.

Objectives:
Developing preventive or therapeutic medications against 2019-nCoV is an urgent
need, and has been deemed as a high priority among scientific societies; in this regard,
the production of effective vaccines is one of the most significant and high-priority requirements.
Because of costly and time-consuming process of vaccine design, different
immunoinformatics methods have been developed.

Methods:
At the beginning of vaccine design, the proteome study is essential. In this investigation,
the whole human coronavirus proteome was evaluated using the proteome subtraction
strategy. Out of 5945 human coronavirus proteins, five new antigenic proteins
were selected by analyzing the hierarchical proteome subtraction, and then their various
physicochemical and immunological properties were investigated bioinformatically.

Results:
All five protein sequences are antigenic and non-allergenic proteins; moreover,
the spike protein group, including spike glycoprotein (E2) (Peplomer protein), spike fragment
and spike glycoprotein fragment, showed acceptable stability, which can be used to
design new vaccines against human coronaviruses.

Conclusion:
The selected peptides and the other proteins introduced in this study (HE,
orf7a, SARS_X4 domain-containing protein and protein 8) can be employed as a suitable
candidate for developing a novel prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against human coronaviruses.
Characterization of AlInN/GaN based HEMT for Radio Frequency
Applications
Authors: Prasad Santashraya , Islam Aminul 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The Si- and GaAs-based devices are not suitable for very high-speed and
high-power applications. Therefore, GaN-based devices have emerged as a potential contender. Further
improvement in the device characteristics using appropriate mole fractions of Al and InN in the barrier
layer of AlInN has become inevitable.

Objective:
To design AlInN/GaN HEMT and present its salient features.

Methods:
The design method for the proposed AlInN/GaN HEMT includes a selection of materials,
optimization of mole fraction in AlInN barrier layer, optimization of gate oxide thickness, optimization
of device dimensions, and doping concentration. The fabrication steps necessary for the AlInN/GaN
HEMT are also explained in the paper. Analysis of the structure has been carried out using the Silvaco
TCAD tool.

Results:
All the obtained results have revealed that the proposed device can operate up to the cut-off
frequency of 102 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of 230 GHz, which are suitable for radiofrequency
applications. The minimum noise figure and maximum transducer power gain (~18 dB)
achieved by the proposed device is quite acceptable.

Conclusion:
The use of the AlN spacer layer has improved the AlInN film quality and mitigates strain
at the heterointerface. Moreover, it reduces the Coulomb attraction between ions in the supply layer
and electrons in the channel layer thereby improving carrier mobility. Usage of a SiO2 layer between
the gate and AlInN barrier layer has decreased the gate leakage current. This has reduced the subthreshold
slope and increased ON/OFF current ratio (~1010). The proposed Si3N4 passivated HEMT
offers a breakdown voltage of ~1395 V.