bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced and Diffusion‐Weighted MR Imaging on Detection of Early Local Recurrence of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Erber Bernd M. , Reidler Paul , Goller Sophia S. , Ricke Jens , Dürr Hans R. , Klein Alexander , Lindner Lars , Di Gioia Dorit , Geith Tobias , Baur‐Melnyk Andrea , Armbruster Marco 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDiagnosis of residual or recurrent tumor in soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) is a differential diagnostic challenge since post‐therapeutic changes impede diagnosis.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) to detect local recurrence of STS of the limb.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA totalof 64 consecutive patients with primary STS of the limbs were prospectively included 3–6 months after surgery between January 2016 and July 2021.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T; axial DWI echo‐planar imaging sequences and DCE‐MRI using a 3D T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐echo sequence.AssessmentThe quantitative DCE‐MRI parameters relative plasma flow (rPF) and relative mean transit time (rMTT) were calculated and ADC mapping was used to quantify diffusion restriction. Regions of interest of tumor growth and postoperative changes were drawn in consensus by two experts for diffusion and perfusion analysis. An additional morphological assessment was done by three independent and blinded radiologists.Statistical TestUnpaired t‐test, ROC‐analysis, and a logistic regression model were applied. Interobserver reliability was calculated using Fleiss kappa statistics. A P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 11 patients turned out to have local recurrence. rPF was significantly higher in cases of local recurrence when compared to cases without local recurrence (61.1–4.5) while rMTT was slightly and significantly lower in local recurrence. ROC‐analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 (SEM ± 0.05) for rPF while a three‐factor multivariate logistic regression model showed a high diagnostic accuracy of rPF (R2 = 0.71). Compared with morphological assessment, rPF had a distinct higher specificity and true positive value in detection of LR.Data ConclusionDCE‐MRI is a promising additional method to differentiate local recurrence from benign postoperative changes in STS of the limb. Especially specificity in detection of LR is increased compared to morphological assessment.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Tenofovir alafenamide is associated with improved alanine aminotransferase and renal safety compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Authors: Liang Lilian Yan , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Lai Jimmy Che‐To , Lam Amy Shuk‐Man , Tse Yee‐Kit , Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a novel prodrug of tenofovir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. We aimed to evaluate the impact of switching to TAF on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and renal safety. We also described the indications of switching to TAF. Consecutive adult CHB patients switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) dominant therapy to TAF for more than 12 months were identified retrospectively. A subgroup of patients newly switched to TAF was prospectively invited to perform transient elastography examination and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The time of switching to TAF was defined as baseline. Among 393 patients in the retrospective cohort, the median ALT at month 12 was significantly lower (21.0 [16.0–29.9] U/L vs. 25.0 [19.0–34.0] U/L; p < 0.001) and ALT normalization rate was higher (89.9% vs. 83.7%; p = 0.037) than those at baseline. Estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased from 12 months before baseline and then increased from baseline to month 12 significantly (69.7 ± 22.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 68.5 ± 21.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 69.2 ± 21.5 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.002 (−12 m vs. baseline), p = 0.004 (baseline vs. 12 m)). In the prospective cohort, 103 patients switched to TAF because of age > 60 years (63.1%), bone diseases (54.4%), and renal alteration (42.7%). TAF is associated with ALT improvement and better renal safety than TDF dominant therapy in CHB patients. Most CHB patients switched to TAF because of advanced age, followed by bone disease and renal alteration.
The effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schmaußer Maximilian , Hoffmann Sven , Raab Markus , Laborde Sylvain 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNoninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are widely used to test the involvement of specific cortical regions in various domains such as cognition and emotion. Despite the capability of stimulation techniques to test causal directions, this approach has been only sparsely used to examine the cortical regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and to test current models in this regard. In this preregistered (PROSPERO) systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to investigate, based on meta‐regression, whether NIBS represents an effective method for modulating HR and HRV measures, and to evaluate whether the ANS is modulated by cortical mechanisms affected by NIBS. Here we have adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. In a series of four meta‐analyses, a total of 131 effect sizes from 35 sham‐controlled trials were analyzed using robust variance estimation random‐effects meta‐regression technique. NIBS was found to effectively modulate HR and HRV with small to medium effect sizes. Moderator analyses yielded significant differences in effects between stimulation of distinct cortical areas. Our results show that NIBS is a promising tool to investigate the cortical regulation of ANS, which may add to the existing brain imaging and animal study literature. Future research is needed to identify further factors modulating the size of effects. As many of the studies reviewed were found to be at high risk of bias, we recommend that methods to reduce potential risk of bias be used in the design and conduct of future studies.
Understanding summer wind systems over the eastern Mediterranean in a high‐resolution climate simulation
Authors: Latt Melissa R. , Hochman Assaf , Caldas‐Alvarez Alberto , Helgert Sebastian , Pinto Joaquim G. , Corsmeier Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegional and local wind systems are often complex, particularly near coastal areas with a highly variable orography. Thus, the realistic representation of regional wind systems in weather and climate models is of strong relevance. Here, we evaluate the ability of a 13‐year convection‐permitting climate simulation in reproducing the interaction of several regional summer wind systems over the complex orography in the eastern Mediterranean region. The COSMO‐CLM simulations are driven by hourly ERA‐5 reanalysis and have a spatial resolution of 2.8 and 7.0 km. The simulated near‐surface wind fields are compared with unique very high‐resolution wind observations collected within the “Dead Sea Research Venue” project (DESERVE) and data from the Israel Meteorological Service synop network. The high‐resolution COSMO‐CLM simulations largely reproduce the main characteristics of the regional wind systems (Mediterranean and Dead Sea breeze, slope winds in the Judean Mountains and winds along the Jordan Rift valley), whereas ERA‐5 is only able to represent the Mediterranean Sea breeze. The high‐resolution simulations substantially improve the representation of regional winds, particularly over complex orography. Indeed, the 2.8 km simulation outperforms the 7.0 km run, on of the days. Two mid‐July 2015 case studies show that only the simulation can realistically simulate the penetration of the Mediterranean Sea Breeze into the Jordan Rift valley and complex interactions with other wind systems like the Dead Sea breeze. Our results may have profound implications for regional weather and climate prediction since very high‐resolution information seems to be necessary to reproduce the main summertime climatic features in this region. We envisage that such simulations may also be required at other regions with complex orography.
The bi‐directional relationship between place attachment and emotional solidarity in a rural destination: A two‐way approach
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Joo Dongoh , Woosnam Kyle Maurice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the evidence suggesting emotional solidarity as an antecedent of placement attachment, tourism research has maintained the monolithic view where place attachment antecedes emotional solidarity. To challenge the conventional view, survey data from rural tourists in South Korea were collected and analyzed. Stepwise regression analysis results confirmed that the two constructs were bi‐directionally related and the model assuming emotional solidarity as a predictor of place attachment had better explanatory power.Place identityandemotional closenesswere the most salient predictors. This suggests an alternative understanding of the relationship between place attachment and emotional solidarity and provides managerial implications for rural destinations.
RAFT Polymerization of a Biorenewable/Sustainable Monomer via a Green Process
Authors: Versteeg Friso G. , Hegeman Niels C. , Sebakhy Khaled O. , Picchioni Francesco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA biorenewable polymer is synthesized via a green process using the RAFT principle for the first time in supercritical CO2 at 300 bar and 80 °C. α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone polymers of various chain lengths and molecular weights are obtained. The molecular weights vary from 10 000 up to 20 000 with low polydispersity indexes (PDI <1.5). Furthermore, the monomer conversion in supercritical CO2 is substantially higher, respectively 85% for ScCO2 compared to ≈65% for polymerizations conducted in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent. Chain extensions are carried out to confirm the livingness of the formed polymers in ScCO2. This opens up future possibilities of the formation of different polymer architectures in ScCO2. The polymers synthesized in ScCO2 have glass transition temperature (Tg) values ranging from 155 up to 190 °C. However, the presence of residual monomer encapsulated inside the formed polymer matrix affects the glass transition of the polymer that is lowered by increasing monomer concentrations. Hence, additional research is required to eliminate the remaining monomer concentration in the polymer matrix in order to arrive at the optimal Tg.
AlPO4 film with rose surface structure: One‐step coating process, superhydrophilic and rapid super‐spreading
Authors: Wang Jinlei , Xu Jiaxin , Wang Wei , Wang Qiuqin , Yao Tingting , Jin Kewu , Li Gang , Wang Dong , Gan Zhiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe construction of superhydrophilic surface structure usually requires auxiliary means with the aid of equipment or templates, and so on, which leads to the disadvantages of complicated production processes and high production costs. Here, we report a simple and rapid sol‐gel process to prepare large‐area, rose‐like AlPO4 arrays through precise control of the low‐temperature self‐assembly process. The innovative application of AlPO4 array membrane to the superhydrophilic field, achieves a contact angle of less than 5° with 4 μL of water in 10 ms. The prepared AlPO4 superhydrophilic coated glass has good visible light transmittance, good wear resistance and durability. In addition, the morphology and size of AlPO4 array depend on the low temperature process and the composition of the sol, which can be adjusted by controlling the process. The study of this wet chemical route will provide useful information for the design and preparation of biomimetic micro‐nano structures.
Estimating the carbon footprint of citizen science biodiversity monitoring
Authors: Gillings Simon , Harris Sarah J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Across society there is pressure to assess and reduce carbon emissions to meet the obligations of the Paris Agreement and the Glasgow Climate Pact. Within the science community, there is increasing awareness of the carbon footprint of research activities, but to date there is no consideration of emissions associated with biodiversity monitoring.

Biodiversity monitoring, often delivered through citizen science schemes, is key to assessing environmental change impacts and mitigation. However, attributes of rigorously designed schemes such as randomisation and high recording effort can require volunteers to undertake regular travel, raising two important questions: (a) is biodiversity monitoring reliant on volunteers with private vehicles?; and (b) what is the carbon footprint of a typical monitoring scheme?

This study focussed on travel associated with participation in the UK Breeding Bird Survey. The BBS involves twice‐annual surveys of a stratified random sample of 1‐km squares across the United Kingdom, providing population trends for c. 120 terrestrial bird species with data used widely in policy and research. Using coverage information from 2019, we calculated road distances from volunteers' home addresses to their squares and sought information on travel methods using an online questionnaire (54% response rate).

In 2019, 2765 volunteers made 7520 visits to 3914 1‐km squares, travelling over 286,000 km in the process. Travel required to visit individual squares was highly skewed and differed geographically and according to mode of travel. Eighty‐eight per cent of squares were accessed by private car, with conventionally fuelled vehicles accounting for 95% of these. Active travel accounted for 10% of visits and public transport only 1.4%. We estimate the total emissions produced to achieve BBS coverage in 2019 to be at least 46.8 tonnes CO2e.

These results indicate a heavy reliance on access to private vehicles, creating a barrier to future participation, especially if pathways to decarbonisation involve reduced car ownership. Furthermore, they indicate the scale of carbon emissions likely to be produced by the monitoring sector. We discuss possible pathways to decarbonise monitoring schemes but stress that we do not wish to criticise the travel decisions of individual volunteers: the onus on decarbonisation lies firmly with the organisers of monitoring schemes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Study of graphene oxide complexed hemicucurbit[6]uril on polypropylene composites: Crystallization behavior, foaming performance, and mechanical properties
Authors: Shi Zhiliang , Liu Xiaoke , Zhou Yuhui , Cong Hang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, hemicucurbit[6]uril (HQ6) complexed with graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized through solution method. HQ6@GO was assessed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermal, and X‐ray powder diffraction analysis. Results showed that HQ6 and GO bound together by noncovalent bond force. Polypropylene (PP) foaming material was processed through injection molding with azodicarbonamide as the foaming agent and HQ6@GO as the nucleating agent. The effect of HQ6@GO on the properties of the PP composite material, such as crystallization was assessed. Result showed that HQ6@GO can increase the crystallization rate, and the crystallinity was increased from 37.26% for pure PP to 43.24% for PP/HQ6@GO composites. HQ6@GO showed the best foaming nucleation effect, with 1.0 wt% addition of HQ6@GO, the average cell size decreased by about three times, and the cell density was increased by about 10 times compared with pure PP. The tensile and impact properties of the foamed composite material were systematically studied. Particles with well dispersion and improved quality of cells could improve the mechanical strength of composites.
International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis Updated Position Statement on the use of genome‐wide sequencing for prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Van den Veyver Ignatia B. , Chandler Natalie , Wilkins‐Haug Louise E. , Wapner Ronald J. , Chitty Lyn S. ,   ISPD Board of Directors
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe research and clinical use of genome‐wide sequencing for prenatal diagnosis of fetuses at risk for genetic disorders have rapidly increased in recent years. Current data indicate that the diagnostic rate is comparable and for certain indications higher than that of standard testing by karyotype and chromosomal microarray. Responsible clinical implementation and diagnostic use of prenatal sequencing depends on standardized laboratory practices and detailed pre‐test and post‐test counseling. This Updated Position Statement on behalf of the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis recommends best practices for the clinical use of prenatal exome and genome sequencing from an international perspective. We include several new points for consideration by researchers and clinical service and laboratory providers.
Dyadic coping and its association with emotional functioning in couples confronted with advanced cancer: Results of the multicenter observational eQuiPe study
Authors: van Roij Janneke , Raijmakers Natasja , Kloover Jeroen , Kuip Evelien , Smilde Tineke , van der Velden Lilly‐Ann , Rodin Gary , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveHow patients and their partners cope with advanced cancer as a couple, may impact their emotional functioning (EF). The aim of this study was to assess dyadic coping (DC) of couples confronted with advanced cancer and its association with EF.MethodsActor‐partner interdependence models were used to analyze baseline data of 566 couples facing advanced cancer participating in an observational study on quality of care and life. Measures included the DC Inventory and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EOQLQ‐C30).ResultsNegative DC (mean 86–88) was most often used and common DC (both mean 66) was least often used. We found small to moderate interdependence (r = 0.27−0.56) between patients' and partners' DC perceptions. Compared to partners, patients were more satisfied with their DC (p < 0.001). Partners' satisfaction with DC was positively associated with their own (B = 0.40, p < 0.001) and patients' (B = 0.23, p = 0.04) EF. We found positive actor (patients B = 0.37 B = 0.13, p = 0.04) and partner (both B = 0.17, p < 0.05) associations for negative DC in patients and partners. Partners' supportive DC was negatively associated with patients (B = −0.31, p = 0.03) and partners' EF (B = −0.34, p = 0.003).ConclusionsThis study highlight the importance of DC (especially from the partners' perspective) for EF in advanced cancer but also identifies differences in the experience of patients and their partners. Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms of such relations and the common and unique support options that may facilitate adjustment in patients with advanced cancer and their partners.
The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a permafrost‐affected wetland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Implications for Holocene development and environmental change
Authors: Wang Qingfeng , Jin Huijun , Wu Qingbai , Zhang Tingjun , Yuan Ziqiang , Li Xiaoying , Ming Jiao , Yang Chengsong , Serban Raul David , Huang Yadong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrently, we know little about accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen in permafrost‐affected wetlands on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this study, we analyze the vertical distribution of concentrations, stocks, and apparent accumulation rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in a wetland underlain by ice‐rich permafrost in the Headwater Area of the Yellow River (HAYR) on the northeastern QTP in the context of Holocene environmental change. SOC and TN stocks at depths of 0–216 cm were 80.0 kg C m−2 and 6.7 kg N m−2, respectively. During the past 7.3 kyr, the general regional climate trend in the HAYR was cooling and drying, as indicated by the decline in chemical weathering in the soil profile. Overall, SOC and TN concentrations increased during this period. Meanwhile, an intense period of SOC and TN accumulation occurred at 1,110–720 yr BP, in contrast to much lower apparent accumulation rates of SOC and TN for the other periods during the past 7.3 kyr. This suggests that the accumulation of SOC and TN in permafrost‐affected wetlands was also affected by local environmental factors, such as soil material deposition rate, in addition to climatic controls as exerted mainly by temperature and precipitation. This study may help integrate relevant studies on plateau wetlands into global models and estimates to better simulate and predict interactions between the carbon cycle and climate changes on a global scale.
Clinical implications of airway anomalies and stenosis in patients with heterotaxy syndrome
Authors: Wang Ching‐Chia , Wu Mei‐Hwan , Wu En‐Ting , Lu Frank , Chen Shyh‐Jye 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn heterotaxy syndrome, bronchopulmonary situs usually reflects atrial situs, resulting in either right (RAI) or left atrial isomerism (LAI). This study determines airway anomalies and its implications in patients with heterotaxy. This retrospective study included 223 patients with heterotaxy syndrome who received an integrated cardiac computed tomography evaluation. Patient database from 1995 to 2020 was reviewed. The patients were examined by a congenital heart disease team comprising pediatric cardiologists, radiologists, pulmonologists, and cardiovascular surgeons. Among the 223 patients, 189 (84.8%, M/F  =  1.66) had RAI and 29 had LAI (13.0%, M/F  =  0.71). Five patients had indeterminate isomerism (2.2%, M/F  = 1.5). Discordant bronchopulmonary and atrial situs occurred in 4% patients, while discordant bronchopulmonary, atrial, and splenic situs occurred in 23.2% patients. Lower airway stenosis was observed in 61 patients (27.4%), including 27.5%, 20.7%, and 60% RAI, LAI, and indeterminate isomerism patients, respectively (p = 0.189). One patient had an intrinsic long segment lower tracheal stenosis and received slide tracheoplasty. Initial cardiac operation was performed in 213 patients. Higher surgical mortality occurred in patients with RAI (19.5% vs. none for LAI and indeterminate isomerism, p = 0.038). In patients with RAI, lower airway anomaly/stenosis increased the duration of ventilator usage (p = 0.030) but did not affect surgical mortality. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return to systemic veins and pulmonary venous stenosis were major surgical risk factors. Bronchopulmonary isomerism shares a similar isomeric pattern to cardiac atrial appendage. Lower airway anomalies/stenosis was common in patients with heterotaxy, resulting in prolonged ventilator therapy in patients with RAI.