bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future teachers confronting extremism and hate speech
Authors: Castellví Jordi , Massip Sabater Mariona , González-Valencia Gustavo A. , Santisteban Antoni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHate speech has become a social problem that needs to be addressed urgently. In many cases, these discourses and ideologies arrive through the media and the internet, and they are transferred to educational contexts. Debates of this type should be addressed at school and should be channelled into a democratic debate, and into the definition of shared objectives through the development of counterspeeches and alternative narratives based on Human Rights. In this research, we investigate the capacity of future teachers (n = 114) to identify online hate speech and how they develop counterspeeches. The results show that the majority are able to identify hate speech. However, future teachers present more difficulties developing counterspeeches or complex alternative narratives, which can be transferred to educational practices. We conclude that teacher training needs to be redesigned if we want them to be able to face these problems in their future educational practice.
Intersectionality of social and philosophical frameworks with technology: could ethical AI restore equality of opportunities in academia?
Authors: Morimoto Juliano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcademia is far from a meritocratic distribution of opportunities. This leads to inequalities, lack of diversity, and unfairness. The objective of this conceptual paper is to propose an integrative framework to help the academic community address its pervasive but persistent inequalities of opportunities. The framework emerges from the intersections of Bourdieu, Bronfenbrenner, and Rawls frameworks and propose the use of ethical artificial intelligence (AI) to contextualise merit and recreate true equality of opportunities. More specifically, I argue that academia has structures and doxa that may be inaccessible to individuals from different social origins, and are perpetuated by privileged individuals who achieve positions of power within academia. The privileged individuals inherit and are exposed to opportunities to acquire capital from early life, resulting in the continuation ofstatus quopractices and alienation of minorities that do not share—or do not have the ability to acquire—capital. I argue that this process occurs as a result of the social origins of the individual and, as Bronfenbrennian framework suggests, disadvantaged individuals lack both the (inherited) capital, but also lack the ability and opportunities to acquire capital relative to privileged counterparts. I argue that the only way to mitigate this inequitable system is to retrieve the Rawlsian original position of ignorance (veil of ignorance) in the allocation of academic capital based on merit, which can only be objectively quantified relative to social origins of individuals. As opposed to current subjective assessments (e.g., peer-review) or lottery systems, I propose the use of Big Data and ethical AI to reconstruct the position of ignorance and contextualise merit based on the expected merit given individuals’ social origins. I also discuss the concept of ‘years post-PhD’ as it is used to introduce fairness in allocation of academic capital and propose a different and less relativistic landmark that accounts for the years post-first authorship publication. This is a novel conceptual framework which can stimulate further research into the ecology of social justice.
Integrated screens uncover a cell surface tumor suppressor gene
KIRREL
involved in Hippo pathway
Authors: Wang Chao , Feng Xu , Su Dan , Chen Zhen , Wang Shimin , Tang Mengfan , Huang Min , Nie Litong , Zhang Huimin , Li Siting , Yin Ling , Johnson Randy L. , Hart Traver , Chen Junjie 
Published: June 2022

Cell surface proteins play essential roles in various biological processes and are highly related to cancer development. They also serve as important markers for cell identity and targets for pharmacological intervention. Despite their great potentials in biomedical research, comprehensive functional analysis of cell surface proteins remains scarce. Here, with a de novo designed library targeting cell surface proteins, we performed in vivo CRISPR screens to evaluate the effects of cell surface proteins on tumor survival and proliferation. We found that
Kirrel1
loss markedly promoted tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, KIRREL was significantly enriched in a separate CRISPR screen based on a specific Hippo pathway reporter. Further studies revealed that KIRREL binds directly to SAV1 to activate the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Together, our integrated screens reveal a cell surface tumor suppressor involved in the Hippo pathway and highlight the potential of these approaches in biomedical research.
The interface between grammar and bodily enactment in ASL and English
Authors: Quinto-Pozos David , Parrill Fey , Coons Caitie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Users of signed and spoken languages regularly engage bodily enactment (commonly referred to as
constructed action [CA] for signers and character viewpoint gestures [CVPT] for speakers)
for the creation of meaning, but comparatively few studies have addressed how linguistic grammar interfaces with such gestural
depictive devices across language modalities. CVPT gestures have been shown to co-occur with spoken language transitive verbs, and
when a reference is definite or more accessible in the discourse. In sign, CA often alternates sequentially with fully
conventionalized signs. In both CVPT and CA demonstrations, syntactic and pragmatic factors appear to be important. In this work,
we consider these patterns by examining short retellings of video-based elicitation stimuli (silent-movie segments) from 10 deaf
users of ASL (American Sign Language) and 20 hearing speakers of English. We describe examples of signs and words that co-occur
with or precede specific instances of CA and CVPT. We also examine distributions and degrees of enactment across participants in
order to consider the question of gesture threshold (Hostetter and Alibali, 2008, 2019). We provide various examples of how gestural material interfaces with linguistic grammar, which has implications for syntactic theory and possible grammatical constraints on such communicative devices.
Gap solitons in heterostructure magnonic crystal/semiconductor
Authors: Morozova M A , Matveev O V , Romanenko D V , Sharaevsky Yu P , Nikitov S A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main features of the nonlinear spin wave propagating in the magnonic crystal/semiconductor (SC) layered heterostructure are studied. We demonstrate the possibility of double electric and magnetic control of the gap solitons parameters (their number, threshold of formation, velocity), bistability of spin waves, switching powers and nonlinear band gap shift in investigated structure. Our results show the possibility of nonlinear magnonics and SC electronics integration based on the proposed structure.
Intensity nonreciprocity reversal of spin wave in magnonic crystal by specific wavenumber excitation
Authors: Hara Taiga , Kasahara Kenji , Manago Takashi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Spin wave propagation in a magnonic crystal excited at a specific wavenumber was investigated by micromagnetic simulation modelling with meander-shaped antennae. The dispersion relation when excited at wave number k which corresponds to the boundary of the Brillouin zone, shows a pair of strong spots that originate from the magnonic upper and lower bands. When excited at wavenumber slightly offset from k above, additional strong spots appear and it shows intensity nonreciprocity reversal. It can be interpreted in terms of the repeated or reduced zone scheme of the Brillouin zone. These characteristics have the potential for novel control of nonreciprocity.
Counterion condensation theory for finite polyelectrolyte and salt concentrations
Authors: Bertolotto J A , Umazano J P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present work we analyze the physical fundamentals of Manning’s counterion condensation using his charged line model in a simple salt solution. We extend the theory for the cases of finite saline concentration and polymeric concentration tending to zero and the case of both finite concentrations. To find the equilibrium between the phases of free and condensed counterions, besides minimizing the free energy, we deduce an auxiliary equation to determine the two characteristic parameters of the theory, the fraction of condensed counterions and the volume of condensation. We compare the obtained results in the present work for only one infinite charged line with the ones of counterion condensation theory by Schurr and Fujimoto. We find that the linear density of critical charge depends on the concentration of added salt and takes values higher than one, instead of the unitary value predicted by Manning. We obtain the equations by the activity and osmotic coefficients in function of the critical charge density. We compare them with the corresponding equations by Manning for these parameters. We extend the counterion condensation theory to solutions of linear polyelectrolytes for finite saline and polymeric concentrations using a cell model. We modify the electrostatic contribution to the Gibbs energy adding, to the traditional one calculated by Manning, the energy excess due to the macroion present in a cylindrical cell. We apply the theory to obtain the osmotic coefficient and we compare our results with experimental data of DNA osmotic coefficient and with theoretical adjustment using the Poisson–Boltzmann equation.
Sound velocities and thermodynamical properties of hcp iron at high pressure and temperature
Authors: Bouchet J , Bottin F , Antonangeli D , Morard G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sound velocities and thermodynamical properties of hcp iron have been computed using ab initio calculations over an extended density and temperature range, encompassing the conditions directly relevant for the Earth’s inner core. At room temperature, and up to 350 GPa, an excellent agreement is obtained between present results and experimental data for many thermodynamical quantities: phonon density of states, vibrational entropy, heat capacity, Grüneisen parameter and thermal expansion. With increasing temperature, along an isochore, we observe a strong decrease of the phonon frequencies, demonstrating that intrinsic anharmonic effects cannot be neglected. We also carefully compare previous theoretical data for the sound velocities and try to explain the discrepancies observed with experiments. Finally, we propose a temperature dependant Birch’s law that we compare with previous experimental work.
Dose estimation for cone-beam computed tomography in image-guided radiation therapy using mesh-type reference computational phantoms and assuming head and neck cancer
Authors: Cumur Ceyda , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Hamada Keisuke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the additional dose the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system integrated into the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator delivers to a patient with head and neck cancer using mesh-type International Commission on Radiological Protection reference computational phantoms. In the first part, for use as a benchmark for the accuracy of the Monte Carlo geometry of CBCT, Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) calculations were confirmed against measured lateral and depth dose profiles using a computed tomography dose profiler. After obtaining good agreement, organ dose calculations were performed by PHITS using mesh-type reference computational phantom (MRCP) and irradiating the neck region; the effective dose was calculated utilising absorbed organ doses and tissue weighting factors for male and female MRCP. Substantially, it has been found that the effective doses for male and female MRCP are 0.81 and 1.06 mSv, respectively. As this study aimed to assess the imaging dose from the CBCT system used in image-guided radiation therapy, it is required to take into account this dose in terms of both the target organ and surrounding tissues. Although the absorbed organ dose values and effective dose values obtained for both MRCP males and females were small, attention should be paid to the additional dose resulting from CBCT. This study can create awareness on the importance of doses arising from imaging techniques, especially CBCT.
Justification of dose limits—historical development, ethical basis, and the way forward
Authors: Zölzer Friedo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dose limits recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection have undergone considerable changes in the course of the past 90 years, and different arguments have been put forward for their justification. This has been largely due to new insights of radiation research, but changing perceptions of the related ethical values have also played a role. The current paper reviews important stages in this development and attempts to derive some implications for the Commission’s next general recommendations. Above all, it suggests that it is essential to present clear and consistent justification strategies for dose limits (and related values), compatible with the core values of the system of radiological protection, especially prudence and justice.
Experimental validation of proton physics models of Geant4 for calculating stopping power ratio
Authors: Liu Ruirui , Zhao Xiandong , Medrano Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, we conducted experiments to validate the proton physics models of Geant4 (version 10.6). The stopping power ratios (SPRs) of 11 inserts, such as acrylic, delrin, high density polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene, etc, were measured using a superconducting synchrocyclotron that produces a scattering proton beam. The SPRs of the inserts were also calculated based on Geant4 simulation with six physics lists, i.e. QGSP_ FTFP_ BERT, QGSP_BIC_HP, QGSP_BIC, QGSP_FTFP_BERT, QSGP_BERT, and QBBC. The calculated SPRs were compared to the experimental SPRs, and relative per cent error was used to quantify the accuracy of the simulated SPRs of inserts. The comparison showed that the five physics lists generally agree well with the experimental SPRs with a relative difference of less than 1%. The lowest overall percentage error was observed for QGSP_FTFP_BERT and the highest overall percentage error was observed for QGSP_BIC_HP. The 0.1 mm range cut value consistently led to higher percentage error for all physics lists except for QGSP_BIC_HP and QBBC. Based on the validation, we recommend QGSP_BERT_HP physics list for proton dose calculation.
Usefulness of a lead-acrylic shield for reducing lens dose of assistant in x-ray CT examination
Authors: Ito Hajime , Matsubara Kosuke , Kobayashi Ikuo , Sakai Takayuki , Isobe Tomonori , Yanagawa Noriyuki , Ochi Shigehiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In computed tomography (CT) examinations, the usefulness of protective glasses for reducing lens exposure to assistants has been reported. The present study aimed to compare the dose reduction effect for assistants with lead-acrylic shields and protective glasses (0.07 mm Pb, 0.5 mm Pb) during CT examination. The air dose distribution in a CT examination room with and without a lead-acrylic shield was compared. It was found that the amount of scattered radiation was significantly reduced by installing a lead-acrylic shield at the CT gantry aperture. Moreover, the reduction rate of air kerma at the assistant’s lens was higher using the lead acrylic shield than with the protective glasses—95.7% during head holding and 76.1% during assisted ventilation.
Cooccurrence of pH-sensitive shifting blue and immobile green triple surface-state fluorescence in ultrasmall super body-centered cubic carbon quantum dots
Authors: Yao Qianqin , Liang Tianyuan , Wu Huaxin , Xi Xiaonan , Fan Jiyang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are widely used in various fields owing to excellent optical properties and outstanding biocompatibility. We synthesize rare super body-centered cubic (C8) structured carbon quantum dots by using cheap source materials and simple preparation method. They exhibit one shifting blue emission band and two close immobile green bands. They have large Stokes shifts ranging from 0.68 to 1.01 eV and large quantum yields as high as 60%. The three types of emissions are competitive and their intensities vary sensitively and differently with pH. Moreover, their emission intensity versus excitation power curves follow

I

(
P
)

∝

P

k

with k values significantly smaller than unity. The blue emission follows the stretched exponential decay law with an intermediate lifetime of ∼3.9 ns and a lifetime-dispersion factor of ∼0.85 whereas the two green emissions exhibit faster and slower decays with respective lifetimes of around 2.0 and 13.0 ns. The results reveal that the blue emission originates from an ensemble of emission sites exhibiting quantum confinement-like effect and two green emissions stem from pH-sensitive surface functional groups-associated fluorophores.
Operating modes in a low-pressure glow discharge with hollow cathode
Authors: Korolev Y D , Landl N V , Frants O B , Argunov G A , Geyman V G , Bolotov A V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with investigations of the discharge in hydrogen in conditions close to those for the trigger units of pseudospark switches. The following modes of discharge sustaining are classified: the Townsend discharge, the suppressed glow discharge with hollow cathode, the intermediate mode of the gradual transition from the suppressed discharge to the ordinary glow discharge, and the ordinary discharge in which the negative glow plasma occupies the whole depth of the cathode cavity. As applied to the ordinary discharge, the theoretical model that offers a possibility to estimate the negative glow parameters is developed. In the current range 1.6–10 mA the electron densities in the negative glow region are 1.7–8.7 108 cm−3. The interpretation for the mechanism of the current passage to the anode is also proposed based on the model. In particular, the explanation is given for the fact that the region of the positive column plasma near the flat anode appears at a low discharge current.
Enhanced heating in plasma bulk due to electron cyclotron resonance in weakly magnetized capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Zhang Quan-Zhi , Liu Jia-Rui , Liu Yong-Xin , Lu Wen-Qi , Sun Jing-Yu , Wang You-Nian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An enhanced electron heating mechanism based on a resonance between the cyclotron motion of electrons and radio frequency (rf) electric field in the plasma bulk is reported in weakly magnetized capacitively coupled argon plasmas at low pressure. When the electron cyclotron frequency coincides with the applied power source frequency, the bulk electrons can continuously acquire energy from the background electric field within certain rf periods during the cyclotron motion, inducing overall distinct increase of excitation rate and electron temperature in the plasma bulk. This enhanced electron heating effect has been examined by a combination of kinetic particle simulations, experimental measurements, and an analytical model, and the dynamics of electrons are revealed at resonant conditions.
Atmospheric propellant fed Hall thruster discharges: 0D-hybrid model and experimental results
Authors: Ferrato Eugenio , Giannetti Vittorio , Califano Francesco , Andreussi Tommaso 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As part of on-going efforts in advancing air-breathing electric propulsion, the HT5k Hall thruster was characterized in six operating conditions, ranging from 5 mg s−1 to 7 mg s−1 of 0.56N2 + 0.44O2 mass flow rate and 225 V to 300 V of discharge voltage. The cathode was operated with N2 at mass flow rates between 0.5 mg s−1 and 0.7 mg s−1. This paper presents a 0D-hybrid model for atmospheric propellant fed Hall thruster discharges. Verified performance ranged between 30 mN to 120 mN in thrust, 1.2 kW to 5.2 kW in discharge power, and 8% to 18% in anodic efficiency. Calibrated model comparison against experimental data resulted in a mean absolute error of 3.7% in thrust and 7.6% in discharge power.
Modeling of a diffusive memristor based on the DT-FNT mechanism transition
Authors: Dai Yuehua , Zou Jianxun , Feng Zhe , Li Xing , Wang Xu , Hu Guyue , Zhu Yunlai , Wu Zuheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, a compact model of the diffusive memristor is proposed from the perspective of the transition of electronic transmission mechanisms induced by the dynamics of the filament. First, a new physical model is established based on tunneling mechanisms that are used to fit the experimental data, and the results indicate that it is versatile enough for various diffusive memristors. In addition, the threshold voltage (V
th) of the diffusive memristor negatively correlates with the ratio of ionic migration and the diffusion coefficient (u
i
/Ds), and the hold voltage (V
h) positively correlates with the ratio of ionic diffusion and the migration coefficient (Ds/u
i), which is useful for the selection of materials to achieve target electrical properties. Furthermore, the different parameters that influence the simulated switching curve are explored. The results indicate that the desired electrical characteristics can be obtained by adjusting these parameters. A compact electrical module model is then built and tested in LTspice to carry out bio-neuron and bio-synaptic performances completely. These simulations demonstrate that the model is reliable for exploring diffusive memristor applications.
Field investigation of novel self-sensing asphalt pavement for weigh-in-motion sensing
Authors: Borke Birgin Hasan , D’Alessandro Antonella , Favaro Maurizio , Sangiorgi Cesare , Laflamme Simon , Ubertini Filippo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The integration of weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors within highways or bridge structural health monitoring systems is becoming increasingly popular to ensure structural integrity and users safety. Compared to standard technologies, smart self-sensing materials and systems present a simpler sensing setup, a longer service life, and increased durability against environmental effects. Field deployment of such technologies requires characterization and design optimization for realistic scales. This paper presents a field investigation of the vehicle load-sensing capabilities of a newly developed low-cost, eco-friendly and high durability smart composite paving material. The novel contributions of the work include the design and installation of a full-scale sensing pavement section and of the sensing hardware and software using tailored low-cost electronics and a learning algorithm for vehicle load estimation. The outcomes of the research demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system for traffic monitoring of infrastructures and WIM sensing by estimating the gross weight of passing trucks within a 20% error during an autonomous sensing period of two months.
Lack of collective motion in granular gases of rotators
Authors: Torres Menéndez Harol , Altshuler Ernesto , Brilliantov Nikolai V , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of gases made of particles interacting dissipatively—known as granular gases—can be fully described by the translational and rotational motion of the individual particles; however, most of the results in the field refer to the limit of smooth particles, which implies that the rotational degrees of freedom are suppressed. Here we investigate the opposite limit: we consider a granular gas where the translational degrees of freedom are suppressed, and the key degrees of freedom are rotational. Our results indicate that for many-particle systems of pure rotators collective effects almost completely suppressed. This is in a sharp contrast to granular gases of smooth particles and other conventional matter where the translational degrees of freedom dominate the kinetics.