bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Profile of the Dairy Farmers: A Study in Rural Urban Interface of Bengaluru
Authors: Shivagangavva P. D. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To study the socio economic condition of dairy and non-dairy farmers in rural-urban interface of Bangalore.
Methodology: The study was conducted in rural area and surrounding of Bangalore urban in India. Data of 240 dairy samples, 120 non-dairy samples were drawn from different layers of South and North transects during 2016-17. Thus, the total sample size was 360. By using descriptive statistical analysis was done.Study was conducted in rural–urban interface of Bengaluru also heighted the influence of urbanization was brought changes in their herd size and socio-economic condition of the dairy farmers.
Findings: Study reveals that most of the rural people occupation was dairying, younger generation (36- 41 age) was more involved in more than others and their average operational holding (6.40) acre was less in dairy farmers as compare to non-dairy farmers. Education level was more in non-dairy farmers than the dairy farmers as dairy demands more labours. Dairy act as one of the instrument to alleviate the poverty generates the employment, income and provides the sustainable livelihood security for the dairy farmers. Therefore, it needs a paradigm shift in focusing more on marketing and production oriented dairy system for sustainable development and poverty alleviation oriented dairy system.
Isolation, Identification and Optimization of Natural Colorant Producing Soil-borne Aspergillus niger and Analysis of the Extracted Pigment
Authors: Kale Pravin , Wagh Mahesh S. , Kakad S. L. , Gadhave Avinash , Bhakare Sagar 
Published: October 2022

Natural colorants have been used in various applications throughout human history, including food, dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and various other products. The objective of this study was to separate the naturally occurring filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger from the soil and get pigments for prospective industrial uses. Five different soil samples were taken on the campus (botanical garden, polyhouse, agricultural farm) of Padmashri Vikhe Patil College, Pravaranagar, India. By using standard techniques, the Aspergillus niger was isolated and identified from the soil samples (morphological & microscopic characteristics). To produce pigment, Aspergillus niger was cultured in five different liquid media for 7 days under shaking conditions: potato dextrose broth (PDB), Czapek-Dox broth (CDB), yeast extract malt extract broth (YMB), Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), and nutrient broth (NB). The pigments were extracted from the biomass using an ethanol-based extraction technique, and the biomass was then concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Five samples allowed for the isolation of Aspergillus niger, and a yield estimate for the brown pigment that was recovered from Aspergillus niger was made. Utilizing a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, secondary metabolites testing, and spectroscopic analysis of the pigments, it was determined whether they had antibacterial efficacy against test organisms. The composition of the medium had an impact on the pigment. In this study, this species produces more pigment after eight days of culture under various circumstances, including 25°C and pH 4. Carbon and nitrogen are the sources that are necessary for the creation of secondary metabolites and biomass. Temperature, pH, carbon supply, aeration, and fermentation type all affect the pigments because they are by-products of fermentation (solid or submerged). As low-cost, fungi can be used as color production cell factories. The food, pharmaceutical, bio-paint, and textile industries all have emerging uses for fungal pigments.
Biology of the Reproduction of Mugilidae Neochelon falcipinnis (Valenciennes, 1836) in the Protected Marine Area of Niamone-Kalounayes (Casamance Estuary)
Authors: Diedhiou Patrick , Sarr Alassane , Samba Ousseynou , Sene Modou , Tall Marème 
Published: October 2022

The reproduction of Neochelon falcipinnis was studied in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Niamone-Kalounayes located in the Casamance estuary (Senegal) from July 2021 to June 2022. The results of this study are presented after twelve (12) months of experimental seine fishing. Reproductive parameters such as length-weight relationship, condition factor (K), sex ratio (SR), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and size at first maturity (Lm50) were determined. A total of 386 individuals (150 males, 221 females and 15 of undetermined sex) were sampled. The sex ratio was in favour of females (0.68 or 1:1.47). The length-weight relationship showed a minor allometric growth with allometric coefficient b values of 2.70 for both sexes combined, 2.60 for males and 2.79 for females. The ANOVA test showed no significant difference in condition factor in males (P > 0.05). In contrast, in females, there was a significant difference at the beginning of the cold season (P < 0.05). The monthly change in gonadosomatic index associated with the different stages of sexual maturity indicated a breeding period in the dry season (May, June and July). Peaks of sexual maturity are observed in June for both sexes. Sizes at first sexual maturity were 18 cm for males and 19 cm for females. These results, obtained provide information on the reproduction of Neochelon falcipinnis that can help in decision-making for better management of the resource.
Factors Affecting Project Performance of Building Construction Projects in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Oghomwen Simon-Eigbe, Bridget , Ihensekhie Aiminhiefe, Margaret , Osamudiamen Bamidele, Bankole 
Published: October 2022

Aim: This study identifies factors that influence construction project performance, evaluated the factors and examined the impact of these factors with a view to help owners, consultants, and contractors overcome performance problems and improve construction project performance and recommend modalities for enhancing the effective implementation of construction project objectives.
Study Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was adopted in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Purposive sampling technique was used to elicit 100 copies of questionnaires from contractors, architects, clients, engineers and builders in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria between June 2019 and April 2022.
Results: The data was analysed using frequency, percentile, and relative importance index (RII) to rank factors. The results show that the top three cost-factors affecting project performance are escalation of material prices, design changes, and discrepancies in contract documents; the top three time-factors that affect project performance are: non-availability of resources as planned throughout project, slow decision making and time required to implement variation orders; the top three quality-factors affecting project performance are the availability of experienced and qualified personnel, deficiencies in coordination and lack of managers involvement in decision making. The study also revealed that, the top three factors for “others” category of factors that influence project performance are frequent staff development; good staff motivation and staff attitudes on the project. Finally, the study revealed the top three modalities to ensure effective project performance: frequent progress reviews; comprehensive contract management and dedicated leadership and management.
Conclusion: The paper shows among others that the factors affecting project performance are rising material prices, design changes, discrepancies in contract documents and slow resource availability as planned throughout the project. To ensure effective implementation of construction project objectives in the industry the study recommends among other things that stakeholders need to have a clear mission and vision to formulate, implement and evaluate their performance. Also, regular progress reviews should be carried out to ensure that clear decisions are made timely to ensure construction process proceeds as planned.
De Novo Gastric Acid Secretion Mediated by Dietary Acrylamide Induced Oxidative Stress in Stomach Tissue of Experimental Rats
Authors: Onwuka Osah Martins , Nkpurukwe Constance Ihuoma , Ajuzie Godson Chukwuemeka 
Published: October 2022

Background: Acrylamide input on gastric mucosa lesion is known but not fully elucidated. In this study the impact of dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion; an aggressive factor capable of causing erosion of the stomach tissue was evaluated to explain possible reason why acrylamide could induce gastric mucosa lesion. Thus, the study focuses on the impact of dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion and its association with mucosa lesion.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen (15) male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into three groups (n = 5). Group 1 (control) was fed with standard rat diet, Group 2 and 3 were fed with standard rat diet contaminated with acrylamide doses (7.5mg/kg and 15mg/kg respectively) reported to compromise gastric mucosa integrity. The experimental animals were allowed free access to their various feed and drinking water ad libitum for 4 weeks. Impact of the dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion, gastric acidity and stomach tissue oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Catalase, CAT) were determined.
Results: Average dietary consumption across the groups was 90.88% per week. Acrylamide contaminated diet significantly increased gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity in a dose dependent manner when compared to control, P<0.01. Dietary acrylamide also induced oxidative stress on stomach tissues by significantly increasing MDA as well as decreasing SOD, GPx, and CAT of the stomach in a dose dependent manner when compared to control, P<0.01.
Conclusion: Findings from the study suggests that oxidative stress induced on stomach tissue by dietary acrylamide could be as a result of the increase in gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity observed.
Performance of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Variety Megha Turmeric-1 in Various Districts of Assam
Authors: Dutta Shourov , Baruah Bhaskar , Nath Lipika , Gogoi Sukanya , Baruah Sudeshna , Dihingia Subhashree , Sarmah Angana , Neog Manoranjan , Pathak Prasanna Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Aim: An experiment was conducted in the farmers’ field of various locations representing four agro climatic zones of Assam to assess the performance of Turmeric variety Megha Turmeric-1.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Karbi Anglong, Udalguri, Barpeta, Darrang, Dibrugarh, Sivasagar and Sonitpur under Assam Agricultural University.
Results: The study revealed that the plant was 175.24 cm tall with 10 numbers of leaves on main shoot. Additionally, the leaf lamina length and width were found to be 54.08 cm and 15.18 cm respectively from the study. The leaf disposition was erect with distant venation and wavy leaf margin. Moreover, the rhizomes were found to have distant inter nodal pattern along with tertiary rhizomes. The crop recorded higher yield 249.63 quintal per hectare against the local varieties in all the locations.
Conclusion: From the study, it can be inferred that the farmers may adoptMegha Turmeric-1 over their local varieties for better yield and returns.
Comparative Efficacy of Selected Chemicals and Biopesticides against Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ramesh M. , Tayde Anoorag R. 
Published: October 2022

A field trail was conducted at Cental Research Farm, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj, U.P. during kharif season of 2021 in Randomised Block Design with eight treatments were evaluated against, Spodoptera frugiperda i.e., Spinetoram 11.7%SC @0.9ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @0.4ml/lit, Flubendiamide 39.35%SC @0.24ml/lit, Emamectin benzoate 5%SG @0.4g/lit, Neem oil 2% @5mi/lit, NPV @0.5ml/lit, Novaluron 10%EC @1ml/lit and control plot. First and second spray were carried with 15 days interval, the results revealed that, among the different treatments Spinetoram 11.7%SC, (4.93) was most effective treatment over the control followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC (6.24), Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (6.42), Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (6.90), Novaluron 10%EC (8.13), NPV (8.28) and Neem oil 2% (8.37). Spinetoram 11.7%SC showing a highest yield of (41.10q/ha) against the control yielding up to (22.31q/ha) at the same time among the treatments studied, the best and most economical treatment was Spinetoram 11.7%SC (1:1.79), followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC (1:1.78), Flubendiamide 39.35%SC (1:1.77), Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (1:1.74), Novaluron 10%EC (1:1.68), NPV (1:1.60) and Neem oil 2% (1:1.44) when compared to control plot (1:1.25).
Pattern of Drug Resistance among Patients with Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Tb Culture & Drug Susceptibility Laboratory, Jamnagar, India
Authors: Sojitra Pratiksha , Parmar Rashmika , Shingala Hitesh K. , Jethva Swati , Mankodi Payal 
Published: October 2022

Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is among the most common forms of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. India is such country which is classified as the highest multi drug resistance burden overall. There is limited information available regarding the drug resistance patterns in TPE, especially from high burden countries. This can be due to difficulty in obtaining specimens and limited facilities for drug susceptibility testing.
Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the culture positivity rate of tuberculous pleural effusion and detection of drug resistant pattern associated with it.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 469 Pleural effusion samples from suspected patients from January 2020 to December 2021 at the TB Culture & Drug Susceptibility Laboratory attached to a tertiary care center, Jamnagar was done. Samples processed for CBNAAT followed by liquid culture. Positive culture isolates were checked for drug resistance in First Line-Line Probe Assay (for Rifampicin and Isoniazid) and Second Line- Line Probe assay (for Flouroquinolones and second line injectable drugs Amikacin, Capreomycin, Kanamycin).
Results: Culture positivity rate was seen 7.03%. Among these, Rifampicin resistance was 9.09 % and isoniazid resistance was 12.1%. Resistance to Fluoroquinolones was 33.33% and no resistance seen to second line injectable drugs. No MDR-TB or XDR-TB detected in present study.
Conclusion: In our present study we have found that there is an increase trend of resistance to Anti-TB drugs which needs atmost attention and necessary steps have to be taken in early diagnosis and in administration of drug therapy among the patients in whom pleural TB is being suspected. For this Novel molecular techniques can help in early diagnosis and treatment to prevent disease progression and amplification of resistance.
Difficult but Valuable! Learning in Student-centered Assessment Feedback Practices in Higher Education
Authors: Minna Maunumäki , Minna Maunula , Heidi Harju-Luukkainen 
Published: October 2022

Aims: The aim of this study is to fill a gap in research on students' experiences of learning in student-centered assessment feedback practices. The article examines what students tell us about their learning in the context of student-centered feedback practices in higher education during online learning.
Study Design: The study was conducted as a qualitative online survey among Finnish university students (N=35). The relationship between learning and assessment was explored in the context of formative and summative assessment practices during an online learning environment. The data was analysed using a discursive approach.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Finland during spring 2021.
Methodology: The scientific and philosophical framework of the study is based on the theory of social constructionism, according to which social reality is formed through language in an interaction between people. The methodology used was discursive reading, i.e., how social reality is discursively produced through language. The starting point was the idea that language creates different discourses or perspectives on reality.
Results: The feedback practices provided a different picture of learning and highlighted different dimensions of learning. Learning was discussed in terms of positive emotions, multiple perspectives, sociality, renewal, and holistic learning. In addition, negative emotions, disinformation, regression, and the playing field metaphor were associated with learning.
Conclusion: The results show that feedback practices that are presented as student-centered do not necessarily support the learning process of adults. Learning and assessment practices based on pedagogy and a learning theory can best support students' personal and social growth and increase their self-esteem. In online learning, teacher guidance and pedagogically based learning support are emphasized. We argue that in online-learning, where the role of the teacher is often small, student-centered well-intentioned assessment practices can only provide a thin veneer of learning unless students are helped to see the holistic importance of assessment as part of the learning process.
Survival Benefit of First Single-Organ Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation Compared With Long-term Dialysis Across Ages in Transplant-Eligible Patients With Kidney Failure
Authors: Strohmaier Susanne , Wallisch Christine , Kammer Michael , Geroldinger Angelika , Heinze Georg , Oberbauer Rainer , Haller Maria C. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceKidney transplant is considered beneficial in terms of survival compared with continued dialysis for patients with kidney failure. However, randomized clinical trials are infeasible, and available evidence from cohort studies is at high risk of bias.ObjectiveTo compare restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) between patients who underwent transplant and patients continuing dialysis across transplant candidate ages and depending on waiting time, applying target trial emulation methods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients aged 18 years or older appearing on the wait list for their first single-organ deceased donor kidney transplant between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2018, in Austria were evaluated. Available data were obtained from the Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry and Eurotransplant and included repeated updates on wait-listing status and relevant covariates. Data were analyzed between August 1, 2019, and December 23, 2021.ExposuresA target trial was emulated in which patients were randomized to either receive the transplant immediately (treatment group) or to continue dialysis and never receive a transplant (control group) at each time an organ became available.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was time from transplant allocation to death. Effect sizes in terms of RMSTs were obtained using a sequential Cox approach.ResultsAmong the 4445 included patients (2974 men [66.9%]; mean [SD] age, 52.2 [13.2] years), transplant was associated with increased survival time across all considered ages compared with continuing dialysis and remaining on the wait list within a 10-year follow-up. The estimated RMST differences were 0.57 years (95% CI, –0.14 to 1.84 years) at age 20 years, 3.01 years (95% CI, 2.50 to 3.54 years) at age 60 years, and 2.48 years (95% CI, 1.88 to 3.04 years) at age 70 years. The survival benefit for patients who underwent transplant across ages was independent of waiting time.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that kidney transplant prolongs the survival time of persons with kidney failure across all candidate ages and waiting times.
Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adults With Severe Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Elsaid Mohamed I. , Li You , Bridges John F. P. , Brock Guy , Minacapelli Carlos D. , Rustgi Vinod K. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThere are no approved treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) despite its association with obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectiveTo examine the association between bariatric surgery and CVD risk in individuals with severe obesity and NAFLD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis large, population-based retrospective cohort study obtained data from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017. Participants included insured adults aged 18 to 64 years with NAFLD and severe obesity (body mass index ≥40) without a history of bariatric surgery or CVD before NAFLD diagnosis. Baseline characteristics were balanced between individuals who underwent surgery (surgical group) and those who did not (nonsurgical group) using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Data were analyzed from March 2020 to April 2021.ExposuresBariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and other bariatric procedures) vs nonsurgical care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the incidence of cardiovascular events (primary or secondary composite CVD outcomes). The primary composite outcome included myocardial infarction, heart failure, or ischemic stroke, and the secondary composite outcome included secondary ischemic heart events, transient ischemic attack, secondary cerebrovascular events, arterial embolism and thrombosis, or atherosclerosis. Cox proportional hazards regression models with inverse probability treatment weighting were used to examine the associations between bariatric surgery, modeled as time varying, and all outcomes.ResultsThe study included 86 964 adults (mean [SD] age, 44.3 [10.9] years; 59 773 women [68.7%]). Of these individuals, 30 300 (34.8%) underwent bariatric surgery and 56 664 (65.2%) received nonsurgical care. All baseline covariates were balanced after applying inverse probability treatment weighting. In the surgical group, 1568 individuals experienced incident cardiovascular events compared with 7215 individuals in the nonsurgical group (incidence rate difference, 4.8 [95% CI, 4.5-5.0] per 100 person-years). At the end of the study, bariatric surgery was associated with a 49% lower risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.48-0.54) compared with nonsurgical care. The risk of primary composite CVD outcomes was reduced by 47% (aHR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.48-0.59), and the risk of secondary composite CVD outcomes decreased by 50% (aHR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.46-0.53) in individuals with vs without surgery.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study suggest that, compared with nonsurgical care, bariatric surgery was associated with significant reduction in CVD risk in individuals with severe obesity and NAFLD.