bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physiological basis for estimating photosynthesis from Chla fluorescence
Authors: Han Jimei , Chang Christine Y‐Y. , Gu Lianhong , Zhang Yongjiang , Meeker Eliot W. , Magney Troy S. , Walker Anthony P. , Wen Jiaming , Kira Oz , McNaull Sarah , Sun Ying 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Solar‐induced Chl fluorescence (SIF) offers the potential to curb large uncertainties in the estimation of photosynthesis across biomes and climates, and at different spatiotemporal scales. However, it remains unclear how SIF should be used to mechanistically estimate photosynthesis.

In this study, we built a quantitative framework for the estimation of photosynthesis, based on a mechanistic light reaction model with the Chla fluorescence of Photosystem II (SIFPSII) as an input (MLR‐SIF). Utilizing 29 C3 and C4 plant species that are representative of major plant biomes across the globe, we confirmed the validity of this framework at the leaf level.

The MLR‐SIF model is capable of accurately reproducing photosynthesis for all C3 and C4 species under diverse light, temperature, and CO2 conditions. We further tested the robustness of the MLR‐SIF model using Monte Carlo simulations, and found that photosynthesis estimates were much less sensitive to parameter uncertainties relative to the conventional Farquhar, von Caemmerer, Berry (FvCB) model because of the additional independent information contained in SIFPSII.

Once inferred from direct observables of SIF, SIFPSII provides ‘parameter savings’ to the MLR‐SIF model, compared to the mechanistically equivalent FvCB model, and thus avoids the uncertainties arising as a result of imperfect model parameterization. Our findings set the stage for future efforts to employ SIF mechanistically to improve photosynthesis estimates across a variety of scales, functional groups, and environmental conditions.
KANADI promotes thallus differentiation and FR‐induced gametangiophore formation in the liverwort Marchantia
Authors: Briginshaw Liam N. , Flores‐Sandoval Eduardo , Dierschke Tom , Alvarez John P. , Bowman John L. 
Published: February 2022

Summary

In angiosperms, KANADI transcription factors have roles in the sporophyte generation regulating tissue polarity, organogenesis and shade avoidance responses, but are not required during the gametophyte generation. Whether these roles are conserved in the gametophyte‐dominant bryophyte lineages is unknown, which we examined by characterising the sole KANADI ortholog, MpKAN, in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.

In contrast to angiosperm orthologs, MpKAN functions in the gametophyte generation in Marchantia, where it regulates apical branching and tissue differentiation, but does not influence tissue polarity in either generation. MpKAN can partially rescue the sporophyte polarity defects of kanadi mutants in Arabidopsis, indicating that MpKAN has conserved biochemical activity to its angiosperm counterparts.

Mpkan loss‐of‐function plants display defects in far‐red (FR) light responses. Mpkan plants have reduced FR‐induced growth tropisms, have a delayed transition to sexual reproduction and fail to correctly form gametangiophores.

Our results indicate that MpKAN is a modulator of FR responses, which may reflect a conserved role for KANADI across land plants. Under FR, MpKAN negatively regulates MpDELLA expression, suggesting that MpKAN and MpDELLA act in a pathway regulating FR responses, placing MpKAN in a gene regulatory network exhibiting similarities with those of angiosperms.
Trait phenology and fire seasonality co‐drive seasonal variation in fire effects on tree crowns
Authors: Bison Nicole N. , Partelli‐Feltrin Raquel , Michaletz Sean T. 
Published: February 2022

Summary

The plume of hot gases rising above a wildfire can heat and kill the buds in tree crowns. This can reduce leaf area and rates of photosynthesis, growth, and reproduction, and may ultimately lead to mortality. These effects vary seasonally, but the mechanisms governing this seasonality are not well understood.

A trait‐based physical model combining buoyant plume and energy budget theories shows the seasonality of bud necrosis height may originate from temporal variation in climate, fire behaviour, and/or bud functional traits. To assess the relative importance of these drivers, we parameterized the model with time‐series data for air temperature, fireline intensity, and bud traits from Pinus contorta, Picea glauca, and Populus tremuloides.

Air temperature, fireline intensity, and bud traits all varied significantly through time, causing significant seasonal variation in predicted necrosis height. Bud traits and fireline intensity explained almost all the variation in necrosis height, with air temperature explaining relatively minor amounts of variation.

The seasonality of fire effects on tree crowns appears to originate from seasonal variation in functional traits and fire behaviour. Our approach and results provide needed insight into the physical mechanisms linking environmental variation to plant performance via functional traits.
Osteoblast Jmjd3 regulates osteoclastogenesis via EphB4 and RANKL signalling
Authors: Wang Rui , Luo Huikun , Yang Di , Yu Bo , Guo Jiajie , Shao Lina , Okamura Hirohiko , Qiu Lihong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteoblasts suppress osteoclastogenesis during the reversal phase of bone remodelling and the mechanism needs to be further investigated. Here, we investigated the role of histone demethylase Jumonji domain‐containing 3 (Jmjd3) in osteoblasts on regulating osteoclastogenesis.MethodsJmjd3 expression was silenced in osteoblasts. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts were co‐cultured in direct or indirect contact ways, and osteoclastogenesis was determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and Western blotting. Additionally, Ephrin receptor B4 (EphB4) and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa Β ligand (RANKL) expression were quantified in osteoblasts via real‐time PCR, Western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, EphB4 was overexpressed in osteoblasts and RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis was quantified.ResultsOsteoclastogenesis and marker protein expression levels was promoted when osteoclasts were co‐cultured with Jmjd3‐silenced osteoblasts. Silencing of Jmjd3 expression in osteoblasts decreased EphB4 expression, owing to suppression of demethylation of H3K27me3 on the promoter region of EphB4. Whereas RANKL expression was upregulated in Jmjd3‐silenced osteoblasts. Overexpression of EphB4 in osteoblasts inhibited osteoclastogenesis and RANKL expression.ConclusionJmjd3 in osteoblasts is a crucial regulator of osteoblast‐to‐osteoclast communication through EphB4–EphrinB2, RANKL–RANK and EphB4–RANKL signalling axes, suggesting the pivotal role of Jmjd3 in bone remodelling process in bone destruction disease such as chronic apical periodontitis.
Characteristics of bradyarrhythmia in patients with COVID‐19: Systematic scoping review
Authors: Nagamine Todd , Randhawa Sandeep , Nishimura Yoshito , Huang Ricky , Leesutipornchai Thiratest , Benavente Kevin , Yoshimura Stephanie , Zhang James , Kanitsorphan Chanavuth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 has recently been associated with the development of bradyarrhythmias, although its mechanism is still unclear. We aim to summarize the existing evidence regarding bradyarrhythmia in COVID‐19 and provide future directions for research. Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for all peer‐reviewed articles using keywords including“Bradycardia,” “atrioventricular block,” and “COVID‐19″ from their inception to October 13, 2021. Forty‐three articles, including 11 observational studies and 59 cases from case reports and series, were included in the systematic review. Although some observational studies reported increased mortality in those with bradyarrhythmia and COVID‐19, the lack of comparative groups and small sample sizes hinder the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Among 59 COVID‐19 patients with bradycardia from case reports and series, bradycardia most often occurred in those with severe or critical COVID‐19, and complete heart block occurred in the majority of cases despite preserved LVEF (55.9%). Pacemaker insertion was required in 76.3% of the patients, most of which were permanent implants (45.8%). This systematic review summarizes the current evidence and characteristics of bradyarrhythmia in patients with COVID‐19. Further studies are critical to assess the reversibility of bradyarrhythmia in COVID‐19 patients and to clarify potential therapeutic targets including the need for permanent pacing.
Morphea mimicking facial capillary malformations: Two new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Gomez‐Garcia Luis Alvaro , Rodriguez‐Tamez Giselle , Pérez‐Romero Ana Gabriela , Garnica‐Cruz Patricia , Muñoz‐Garza Fania Zamantta , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Sáez‐de‐Ocariz Marimar , Alba‐Rojas Erika L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMorphea and facial capillary malformations (port‐wine stains) are distinct conditions that can affect the pediatric population. Early localized morphea mimicking a capillary malformation is an uncommon clinical presentation. We present two new cases of girls, aged 2 and 3 years, who presented with erythematous patches, initially diagnosed as capillary malformations, which were later diagnosed as morphea. We also performed a literature review, yielding 12 additional cases that underscore that the unusual presentation of morphea may delay correct diagnosis. Although early management of morphea reduces long‐term sequelae, it is important to delay laser treatment for selected acquired vascular malformations, until the diagnosis of morphea is excluded.
Pain feedback interferes with reward positivity production
Authors: Heydari Sepideh , Holroyd Clay B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe reinforcement learning (RL) theory of the reward positivity (RewP) proposes that RewP indexes a reward prediction error (RPE) signal processed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). According to this theory, RewP is an event‐related potential (ERP) that is more positive‐going for feedback stimuli that predict better‐than‐expected outcomes (positive feedback) than for feedback stimuli that predict worse‐than‐expected outcomes (negative feedback). Despite strong evidence for this hypothesis, findings have been equivocal for tasks involving painful outcomes. We hypothesized that the RewP is modulated by high‐level task goals such that outcomes that are congruent with the goals elicit positive RPEs even if their immediate consequences are negative. Accordingly, changes in high‐level task goals should modulate RewP amplitude for tasks that involve seeking pain compared to tasks that involve avoiding pain. We recorded the electroencephalogram from participants who were instructed to navigate a virtual T‐Maze to find reward‐predictive feedback in a reward condition and pain‐predictive feedback in a pain condition. We expected more positive‐going ERPs to reward feedback in the reward condition and more positive‐going ERPs to pain feedback in the pain condition. Despite behavioral results indicating that participants complied with task instructions, contrary to our predictions, we did not find a RewP to pain feedback. We suggest that pain feedback interfered with the effect of high‐level task goals on RewP amplitude, which is indicative of conflict at different levels of task hierarchy.
The NF‐κB‐signalling pathway in mare's endometrium infiltrated with the inflammatory cells
Authors: Jasiński Tomasz , Zdrojkowski Łukasz , Kautz Ewa , Juszczuk‐Kubiak Edyta , Ferreira‐Dias Graça , Domino Małgorzata 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEndometritis is an important issue decreasing mares' fertility. In the case of endometritis, both inflammatory cells infiltration and proinflammatory molecules production are regulated by various cellular and gene regulatory mechanisms, including the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐dependent pathway. NF‐κB‐signalling pathway has been recently studied in the equine endometrium in the context of endometrosis. Thus, this study aimed to determine gene transcription of NF‐κB subunits (RelA; NF‐κB1; NF‐κB2), proinflammatory molecules (MCP‐1; IL‐6) and hyaluronan synthases (HAS 1; HAS 2; HAS 3) in endometritis and compare them with the intensity and type of inflammatory cell infiltration. Endometrial samples, collected post‐mortem from cyclic mares in oestrus or dioestrus, were classified histologically and examined using quantitative PCR. Transcription NF‐κB subunits genes did not differ with either inflammatory intensity or type of inflammatory cell infiltration. Transcription of MCP‐1 and IL‐6 genes increased with the severity of inflammation, with the involvement of HAS 3 and HAS 2 genes, as opposed to HAS 1 genes. These proinflammatory molecules and hyaluronan synthases in the equine inflamed endometrium do not seem to be regulated by the NF‐κB pathway. Hence, separate signalling pathways for the development and progression of equine endometritis and endometrosis may be suggested.
Images of controversy: Examining cognition of hydraulic fracturing among policy elites and the general public
Authors: Moyer Rachael M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHighly contested energy and environmental policy issues are often characterized by entrenched policy debates and inconsistent or failed policies. This study examines the cognition of polarized policy positions in an effort to explain what factors influence the mental models’ individuals use to think about hydraulic fracturing and adopted policy positions on the controversial issue of hydraulic fracturing. The study first examines the role of affect on the use of “cognitive policy images” or the individual‐level mental models used to represent policy positions on hydraulic fracturing using structural topic modeling. Next, regression analysis is used to estimate the effects of theoretically relevant factors on cognition. While previous studies have focused on public attitudes, this study takes a comparative approach to examine policy elite and public cognition around this controversial issue. A comparative approach not only points to subtle differences in how elites and members of the general public cognitively process this controversial policy issue but also provides some insight into how political sophistication factors into cognition and influences policy positions on hydraulic fracturing practices. Conclusions discuss some practical, methodological, and theoretical implications of this work.
Oral manifestations of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1
Authors: Tenório Jefferson R. , Tuma Marina Maués , Andrade Natália Silva , Santana Thalita , Gallottini Marina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsAutoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS‐I) is a rare condition of autosomal recessive and monogenic inheritance, which is characterized clinically by at least two signs of the classic triad: mucocutaneous candidosis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease. This study aims to report the oral manifestations of APS‐I in a 42‐year‐old woman, who attended the Special Care Dentistry Center.Methods and resultsThe patient presented with hypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune hepatitis. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC) was the main oral manifestation and it was diagnosed based on clinical and cytologic characteristics. Microstomia, angular cheilitis, xerostomia, enamel hypoplasia, and microdontia were also present.ConclusionsCHC was treated with topical nystatin and oral fluconazole, resulting in a significant improvement of the lesions.
Alcohol use and death by suicide: A meta‐analysis of 33 studies
Authors: Isaacs Jason Y. , Smith Martin M. , Sherry Simon B. , Seno Martin , Moore Mackenzie L. , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDecades of research show an association between alcohol use and death by suicide. However, findings on the temporal link between alcohol use and death by suicide are unclear. In the most comprehensive meta‐analysis on the topic to date, we analyzed data from longitudinal studies to determine if alcohol use is a risk for death by suicide. We also explored moderators to uncover conditions where the alcohol use‐suicide link is strengthened/weakened.MethodsOur literature search of six databases yielded 33 eligible studies involving 10,253,101 participants (community, psychiatric, and military samples).ResultsAlcohol use was associated with a 94% increase in the risk of death by suicide. Specifically, random‐effects meta‐analysis revealed alcohol use displayed small‐to‐large significant risk and odds ratios with suicide for quantity of alcohol use and alcohol use diagnosis/alcohol‐related problems. Meta‐regression generally indicated larger effect sizes for studies with a higher percentage of women, younger age, unadjusted estimates, longer follow‐up periods, military samples, and higher frequencies and quantities of alcohol use (relative to drinker/non‐drinker status).ConclusionOur study highlights alcohol use as a substantive risk factor for death by suicide and underscores the importance of monitoring alcohol use among suicidal individuals and screening for suicidality among heavier alcohol users.
COVID-19 Overview, Natural Immune-Boosting Medication, and The Economic Implication
Authors: Oves Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-nCoV-2) caused unprecedented ongoing health and socioeconomic crises. So far, millions have got infected, living with life-threatening challenges. The corporate world is striving to survive. The scientific community explores various strategies to invent vaccines and/or therapeutic options to control this viral pandemic. This SARS-nCoV-2 is highly contagious and can be exponentially transmitted from human to human. Most of the patients have similar pneumonia symptoms, and at a later stage, it causes lung damage, breathing difficulties, and reduced gas exchange. More specifically, this infection exacerbates the problem in the case of secondary illness or disease. There is a striving need for a novel strategy to control the virus spread and treat related pathogens with all these challenges. Researchers have suggested some natural compounds (curcumin, quercetin, cinnamaldehyde, and lactoferrin), nutraceuticals, probiotics, and vitamin therapy for immune-boosting because they have high anti-inflammatory effects. Here, in this review, we compiled the updated information on the current status, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, possible new green targets (herbal medicine), and challenges associated with developing potential vaccines.
Research on Reliability of Ni/Sn/Cu(Ni) Copper Pillar Bump Under Thermoelectric Loading
Authors: Dai Junjie , Zhang Yuexin , Li Zhankun , Chen Mingming , Guo Yuhua , Fan Zhekun , Li Junhui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the development of packaging devices toward high performance and high density, electronic devices are subjected to thermo-electric stresses under service conditions, which has become a particularly important reliability problem in micro-electronics packaging. The reliability of the chip under thermo-electric stresses is studied in this paper. First, thermo-electric coupling experiments were carried out on two solder joint structures of Ni/Sn3.5Ag/Cu and Ni/Sn3.5Ag/Ni. The interface evolution of solder joints under different current densities was analyzed. The reliability of the two structures under thermo-electric stresses was compared and analyzed. After that, three-dimensional finite element analysis was employed to simulate the current density, Joule heat, and temperature distribution of the flip chip. Finally, through the combination of experiment and simulation, the distribution of Joule heat and temperature of the chip was analyzed. The results show that the Ni/Sn3.5Ag/Ni structure has better reliability than the Ni/Sn3.5Ag/Cu structure under thermal–electric coupling. In addition, when the Ni layer was used as the cathode side, the constant temperature applied on the chip was 150 °C, and the current density was higher than 5 × 104 A/cm2, the dissolution failure of the Ni layer occurred in two structures. Because the higher current density generated a large amount of Joule heat where the current was crowded, resulting in excessively high temperature and rapid dissolution of the Ni barrier layer.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Data Center Pressure and Flow Fields Induced by Backward and Forward CRAH Technology
Authors: Tradat Mohammad I. , Manaserh Yaman “Mohammad Ali” , Gharaibeh Ahmad , Sammakia Bahgat G. , Hall Dave , Nemati Kourosh , Seymour Mark 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An increasingly common power saving practice in data center thermal management is to swap out air cooling unit blower fans with electronically commutated plug fans, Although, both are centrifugal blowers. The blade design changes: forward versus backward curved with peak static efficiencies of 60% and 75%, respectively, which results in operation power savings. The side effects of which are not fully understood. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop an overall understanding of backward curved blowers and compare the resulting flow, pressure, and temperature fields with forwarding curved ones in which the induced fields are characterized, compared, and visualized in a reference data center which may aid data center planning and operation when making the decisions of which computer room air handler (CRAH) technology to be used. In this study, experimental and numerical characterization of backward curved blowers is introduced. Then, a physics-based computational fluid dynamics model is built using the 6sigmaroom tool to predict/simulate the measured fields. Five different scenarios were applied at the room level for the experimental characterization of the cooling units and another two scenarios were applied for comparison and illustration of the interaction between different CRAH technologies. Four scenarios were used to characterize a CRAH with backward curved blowers, during which a CRAH with forwarding curved was powered off. An alternate arrangement was examined to quantify the effect of possible flow constraints on the backward curved blower's performance. Then parametric and sensitivity of the baseline modeling are investigated and considered. Different operating conditions are applied at the room level for experimental characterization, comparison, and illustration of the interaction between different CRAH technologies. The measured data is plotted and compared with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model assessment to visualize the fields of interest. The results show that the fields are highly dependent on CRAH technology. The tile to CRAH airflow ratios for the flow constraints of scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 85.5%, 83.9%, 61%, and 59%, respectively. The corresponding leakage ratios are 14.5%, 16%, 38.9%, and 41%, respectively. Furthermore, the validated CFD model was used to investigate and compare the airflow pattern and plenum pressure distribution. Lastly, it is notable that a potential side effect of backward curved technology is the creation of an airflow dead zone.