bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid of progressive multiple sclerosis patients reduces differentiation and immune functions of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
Authors: Zveik Omri , Fainstein Nina , Rechtman Ariel , Haham Nitzan , Ganz Tal , Lavon Iris , Brill Livnat , Vaknin‐Dembinsky Adi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are responsible for remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination is not always successful, and the mechanisms differentiating successful from failed remyelination are not well‐known. Growing evidence suggests an immune role for OPCs, in addition to their regenerative role; however, it is not clear if this helps or hinders the regenerative process. We studied the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from relapsing MS (rMS) and progressive MS (pMS) patients on primary OPC differentiation and immune gene expression and function. We observed that CSF from either rMS or pMS patients has a differential effect on the ability of mice OPCs to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and to express immune functions. CSF of pMS patients impaired differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, it led to decreased major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)‐II expression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α secretion, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NFκB) activation, and less activation and proliferation of T cells. Our findings suggest that OPCs are not only responsible for remyelination, but they may also play an active role as innate immune cells in the CNS.
Monofractal analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging: An introductory review
Authors: Campbell Olivia Lauren , Weber Alexander Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe following review will aid readers in providing an overview of scale‐free dynamics and monofractal analysis, as well as its applications and potential in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neuroscience and clinical research. Like natural phenomena such as the growth of a tree or crashing ocean waves, the brain expresses scale‐invariant, or fractal, patterns in neural signals that can be measured. While neural phenomena may represent both monofractal and multifractal processes and can be quantified with many different interrelated parameters, this review will focus on monofractal analysis using the Hurst exponent (H). Monofractal analysis of fMRI data is an advanced analysis technique that measures the complexity of brain signaling by quantifying its degree of scale‐invariance. As such, the H value of the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal specifies how the degree of correlation in the signal may mediate brain functions. This review presents a brief overview of the theory of fMRI monofractal analysis followed by notable findings in the field. Through highlighting the advantages and challenges of the technique, the article provides insight into how to best conduct fMRI fractal analysis and properly interpret the findings with physiological relevance. Furthermore, we identify the future directions necessary for its progression towards impactful functional neuroscience discoveries and widespread clinical use. Ultimately, this presenting review aims to build a foundation of knowledge among readers to facilitate greater understanding, discussion, and use of this unique yet powerful imaging analysis technique.
Healthy sleep for healthy schools: A pilot study of a sleep education resource to improve adolescent sleep
Authors: Davis Jessica , Blunden Sarah , BoydPratt Jasmine , Corkum Penny , Gebert Kirsty , Trenorden Kylie , Rigney Gabrielle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIssue addressedInsufficient sleep and unhealthy sleep practices in adolescents are associated with significant health risks. Sleep education programs in schools aim to improve sleep behaviour. A new eLearning sleep education program, Healthy Sleep for Healthy Schools (HS4HS), was developed focused on these goals and is distinguishable from other sleep education programs because it is delivered by teachers, making it more sustainable and adaptable for schools. We aimed to evaluate if HS4HS would improve student sleep knowledge, healthy sleep practices, sleep duration and reduce sleepiness. We also aimed to understand if this intervention could be successfully implemented by trained teachers.MethodsTeachers trained in sleep delivered HS4HS to 64 South Australian students in year 9 (aged 13‐14 years) over 6 weeks during regular school curriculum. A sleep education survey assessing sleep patterns (such as healthy sleep practices, time in bed and sleepiness), and a sleep knowledge questionnaire was completed pre‐ and post‐HS4HS delivery. Evaluations were also completed by teachers.ResultsSleep knowledge and healthy sleep practices significantly improved post intervention. Time in bed on both school days and weekends increased slightly and sleepiness decreased slightly, but these changes were not statistically significant. Teachers found the program useful, comprehensive and easy to incorporate into their curricula.ConclusionsAfter short training, teachers can deliver sleep education during class and improve sleep practices in their students. This suggests that this program may offer potential as an effective and useful resource for teachers wanting to include sleep health in their curriculum.So what?Sleep is the foundation of good health and teachers can promote and integrate sleep education into their curricula for the first time with this online teacher focussed program, which has the potential to be a sustainable sleep health promotion resource.
Reversible sensory neuropathy in mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
Authors: Grünert Sarah Catharina , Eckenweiler Matthias , Spiekerkoetter Ute 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAxonal peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency and long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency that is usually considered progressive. Current treatment strategies are not able to fully prevent neuropathic symptoms in the majority of patients. We herein report three sisters with genetically proven MTP deficiency who were untreated until adolescence, when electrophysiological studies first revealed isolated axonal sensory neuropathy. Apart from mild exercise intolerance and missing deep tendon reflexes of the lower extremities, all three girls were clinically asymptomatic. A fat‐reduced and fat‐modified diet together with a reduction of the nocturnal fasting time resulted in complete normalisation of the electrophysiological studies after 1 year of dietary treatment. Our findings suggest that neuropathy might be responsive to dietary interventions in MTP patients at a very early stage of disease.
Segmentation of global climate dataset into contiguous spatial units having quantitatively homogeneous climates
Authors: Netzel Pawel , Stepinski Tomasz F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiscretization of global climate simplifies the spatial variability of climates. The Köppen–Geiger classification (KGC), and more recently, clustering of global climate grids, discretize the landmass into several zones corresponding to qualitatively distinct climate types. However, quantitatively, in terms of local climatograms, such zones have significant climatic variability. In this paper, we propose a segmentation of the global climatic grid as a means to delineate contiguous segments—spatial units characterized by quantitatively homogeneous climates. The level of segments' climatic homogeneity is controlled by a single parameter δ whose value determines a maximum allowable level of segments' inhomogeneity. Segmentation is implemented using a graph‐based segmentation algorithm customized to the climatic data. Application of segmentation with three different values of δ is demonstrated on the WorldClim 1.4 2.5 arc minutes resolution data. Major uses for climate segmentation are: (a) precise delineation of highly homogeneous, local climatic units, (b) checking to what degree delineation of vegetation zones can be based on climate alone, and (c) data compression of large climatic grids. The first use is demonstrated using the island of Great Britain as an example. The second use is demonstrated by the juxtaposition of KGC zones with segments. We discuss the third use in the context of using segmentation as a pre‐processing to climate clustering.
Development and initial validation of a novel thread design for nonlocking cancellous screws
Authors: Feng Xiaoreng , Zhang Sheng , Luo Zhaopei , Liang Hongfeng , Chen Bin , Leung Frankie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh failure rates have been associated with nonlocking cancellous screws with a typical buttress thread in patients with osteoporotic bone. This study aimed to develop a novel thread design and compare its fixation stability with that of a typical buttress thread. Nonlocking cancellous screws with a novel thread design (proximal flank angle of 120 degrees, a flat crest feature, a tip‐facing undercut feature) and nonlocking cancellous screws with a typical buttress thread were manufactured using stainless steel. Fixation stabilities were evaluated individually by the axial pullout and lateral migration tests, and they were evaluated in pairs together with a dynamic compression plate in an osteoporotic bone substitute (10 PCF polyurethane foam per ASTM F1839) under cyclic craniocaudal and torsional loadings. Pullout strength and lateral migration resistance for the individual screw test and the force, torque, and number of cycles required to achieve specific displacement and torsion for the multi‐screw test were comparatively analyzed between both screw types. A finite element analysis model was constructed to analyze the stress distributions in the bone tissue adjacent to the threads. The biomechanical test revealed the novel undercut thread had superior axial pullout strength, lateral migration resistance, and superior fixation stability when applied to a dynamic compression plate under cyclic craniocaudal loading and torsional loading than those in the typical buttress thread. The finite element analysis simulation revealed that the novel thread can distribute stress more evenly without high‐stress concentration at the adjacent bone tissue when compared to that of a typical buttress thread.
RNA‐Seq analysis reveals sex‐dependent transcriptomic profiles of human subacromial bursa stratified by tear etiology
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Cai Lei , Tycksen Eric D. , Chamberlain Aaron , Keener Jay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRotator cuff tendinopathy, a major cause of shoulder disability, occurs due to trauma or degeneration. Our molecular understanding of traumatic and degenerative tears remains elusive. Here, we probed transcript level differences between traumatic and degenerative tears. Subacromial bursa tissues were collected from patients with traumatic or degenerative tears during arthroscopy (N = 32). Transcripts differentially expressed by tear etiology were detected by RNA‐seq. RNA‐seq results were validated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We identified 334 protein‐coding transcripts differentially expressed between traumatic and degenerative tears in females and 167 in males at a fold‐change greater than 2. In females, XIRP2, MYL1, MYBPC1, TNNT1, and LMOD2, were highly expressed in traumatic tears whereas TPSD1, CDSN, RCVRN, LTBP4, and PTGS1 were elevated in degen tears. Transcripts elevated in traumatic tears represented muscle cell differentiation and development, and muscle contraction whereas those elevated in degenerative tears represented cell activation and immune response. In males, AZGP1, CNTFR, COL9A1, ZNF98, and EREG were highly elevated in traumatic tears whereas MYL2, HOXD11, SLC6A7, CADM1, and MMP17 were highly expressed in degenerative tears. Transcripts elevated in traumatic tears represented metabolic/catabolic processes, and transmembrane protein transport while processes related to cell cycle were mainly enriched in degenerative tears. Numerous long noncoding RNAs were differentially expressed between traumatic and degenerative tears in both sexes. In summary, this study provides insights into molecular biology of bursa in patients with rotator cuff tendon disease based on tear acuity and novel sex‐based transcript differences that could inform clinical decision making in treating patients with traumatic or degenerative shoulder injuries.
Contributions of the ischiofemoral ligament, iliofemoral ligament, and conjoined tendon to hip stability after total hip arthroplasty: A cadaveric study
Authors: Tamaki Yasuaki , Goto Tomohiro , Iwase Joji , Wada Keizo , Hamada Daisuke , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn adequate soft tissue balance is important in total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study assessed the contribution of the iliofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament, and conjoined tendon to the range of hip rotation after THA and hip stability in response to axial traction. THA was performed in eight fresh‐frozen cadaveric specimens via an anterolateral approach using a navigation system. The ischiofemoral ligament, the medial arm of the iliofemoral ligament, and the conjoined tendon were resected in that order. The ranges of external and internal rotation and the amount of movement of the femoral head in response to axial traction were measured with the hip in 10° of extension, the neutral position, and in 10°, 30°, and 60° of flexion. Resection of the medial arm of the iliofemoral ligament significantly increased the range of external rotation in 10° of extension, the neutral position, and in 10°, 30°, and 60° of flexion. The conjoined tendon was the most important inhibitor of internal rotation from 10° of extension to 30° of flexion. Although each single element had a minor role in stabilizing the hip when axial traction was applied, resection of two or more elements significantly affected joint stability. The iliofemoral ligament and conjoined tendon are the main inhibitors of external rotation and internal rotation, respectively, when THA is performed using an anterior or anterolateral approach. Resection of two or more elements could greatly affect hip stability when axial traction is applied.
Asynchronous variations of East Asian summer monsoon, vegetation and soil formation at Yulin (North China) in the Holocene
Authors: LIANG CHENGHONG , LU HUAYU , GU YAO , ZHAO CHENG , LIU WEIGUO , ZHANG XIAOJIAN , ZHANG HONGYAN 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn the East Asian monsoon region, Chinese speleothem δ18O records exhibit a maximum monsoon strength during the early Holocene. However, other proxy data from lakes or loess, interpreted as monsoon rainfall, show a mid‐Holocene monsoon optimum. This discrepancy may come from specific climate interpretation of different proxies. Here we report multiproxy records from a single loess–palaeosol sequence at Yulin in the monsoon marginal northern China, based on an independent and high‐precision chronology. Our long‐chain n‐alkane δD values, together with related biomarker proxies including the average chain length and concentration of long‐chain n‐alkanes, reveal a weakening trend in monsoon strength and less woody vegetation since ~6 ka. However, other soil formation‐related proxies, such as magnetic susceptibility, grain‐size distribution and total organic carbon, show a decreasing trend since 4–3 ka. We find that monsoon and vegetation are controlled by insolation variation, while soil formation is more related to temperature and humidity changes. Our multiple proxy comparison reveals different controlling mechanisms leading to different interpretations in monsoon, vegetation and soil formation reconstructions. This finding suggests that previous debates on Holocene monsoon changes in East Asia probably stem from the specific proxy interpretation.
Development of attentional networks during childhood and adolescence: A functional MRI study
Authors: Saito Daisuke N. , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Yanaka Hisakazu T. , Fujii Takeshi , Kochiyama Takanori , Makita Kai , Tomoda Akemi , Okazawa Hidehiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAttention ability is one of the most important cognitive functions. It develops mainly during school age. However, the neural basis for the typical development of attentional functions has not been fully investigated. To clarify the development of the aforementioned function and its neural basis, this study examined brain function in children and adolescents during the performance of an attention network test (ANT) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. One hundred and sixty‐three volunteers (8‐23 years, 80 female) participated in this study. Using a modified version of ANT, we assessed the efficiency of two attentional functions—orienting and executive attention—by measuring how reaction time is affected by spatial cue location and flanker congruency and examined the functional brain areas—attentional networks—associated with two attentional functions. Consistent with the findings of previous studies, the superior parietal lobule, visual association cortex, left precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area were activated during the orienting attention, while the anterior cingulate cortex, visual association cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and caudate were activated during the executive attention. Moreover, negative correlations with age were found for activations in the inferior frontal gyrus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and caudate nucleus in the orienting attention, while no correlations with age related to executive attention were found. In conclusion, this study revealed common and distinct features in the neural basis of the attentional functions in children and adolescents compared with that of adults and their developmental changes with age.
Simultaneous MALI and Ugi polymerization in one‐pot for poly(4‐thiazolidinone‐amide) as AIEgen and Fe3+ ion detection
Authors: Zheng Jinxin , Fu Congcong , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Ronghui , Ding Lan , Liu Hongmei , Deng Kuilin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, two simultaneous MALI and Ugi polymerizations in one‐pot was performed by combining binary amines, glutaraldehyde, mercaptoacetic acid and t‐butylisonitrile into one four‐component reaction system. The resulting poly(4‐thiazolidinone‐amide)s (PTZAs) contains both thiazolidinone rings from MALI reaction and amide/thiol groups from Ugi reaction, respectively. Unexpectedly, the strong fluorescence emission at 500 nm of PTZA‐E solution is observed under the excitation of 378 nm, which is attributed to the intramolecular “aggregation” of thiazolidinone rings and amide/thiol groups. And also, PTZAs solution showed an excellent aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) by the clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) mechanism when adding different amount of precipitant. More interestingly, Fe3+ ion violently quenched the fluorescence of PTZA‐E via the redox reaction and spectrum overlaps, and the limit of detection (LOD) of PTZA‐E to Fe3+ ion was measured as 10−4 mol/L. In brief, the two simultaneous polymerizations in one pot provide a great possibility for the polymer with special structure and performance, also including the direct synthesis of AIE‐active polymers from the accessible non‐AIE monomers.
Synergistic enhancement of thermal conductivity in thermal interface materials by fabricating3D‐BN‐ZnOscaffolds
Authors: Fang Hui , Chen Anlin , Zhang Lingjie , Chen Sheng , Wu Fangjuan , Chen Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional boron nitride/zinc oxide (3D‐BN‐ZnO) scaffolds were prepared by the ice‐templating method, in which ZnO particles were in situ formed by sintering. Then, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/3D‐BN‐ZnO composites were fabricated via vacuum infiltration of PDMS prepolymer into the scaffolds and curing. Compared with the composite prepared by simple blending, the thermal conductivity of the composite prepared based on the ice‐templating method is much higher due to the excellent orientation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) sheets. Based on the same content of hBN sheets, the further introduction of 2.7 wt% ZnO particles formed in situ by sintering could promote the thermal conductivity of the composite to the value of 1.45 W m−1 K−1, which is 70.6% higher than that of the PDMS/3D‐BN composite. In addition, compared with the PDMS/3D‐BN composite containing more hBN sheets, the PDMS/3D‐BN‐ZnO composite with 2.7 wt% ZnO particles possesses fewer fillers but higher thermal conductivity. It suggests that ZnO particles could synergistically improve the thermal conductivity. As revealed from the morphology of the composites, many ZnO particles are located between hBN sheets and thus construct thermally conductive paths. This study provides a new strategy for the design of thermal interface materials with high thermal conductivity.
Lords of the biosphere: Plant winners and losers in the Anthropocene
Authors: Kress W. John , Krupnick Gary A. 
Published: March 2022

Societal Impact StatementThe impact of humans on Earth's biodiversity varies across the Tree of Life. The extirpation and extinction of species is often determined by compatibility with human activities. Here we classify, where data are available, a significant portion (~30%) of vascular plant species as winners or losers with respect to this compatibility and show that currently losers greatly outnumber winners and that these losers will continue to exceed winners in the future even if species now deemed tentative winners succeed. In a rapidly changing world, species may tolerate shifting conditions, adapt, or migrate to new habitats. Species that benefit humankind may have an additional advantage of survival. Those that cannot tolerate, adapt, migrate, or prove useful will be the ultimate losers in the Anthropocene and may become extinct.Summary

The impact of humans on the Earth continues to accelerate, affecting climate, land use, resource exploitation, species migrations, and habitat pollution. All of these changes have the potential to result in a massive extinction of populations and species of plants, fungi, and animals. However, the impact will vary across the diversity of life: some species, the “losers,” will decline and become extinct while others, the “winners,” will thrive as a result of human activities.
We surveyed a variety of sources of information on economic uses, environmental tolerances, and conservation status and were able to classify 86,592 species of vascular plant into seven categories of winners and losers as follows: winners useful to humans and winners not useful to humans, losers useful to humans and losers not useful to humans, and currently neutral species. We also recognized tentative winners and potential losers, which we could not confidently categorize into the above five classes. We then mapped, both taxonomically and phylogenetically, the clear winners and losers across the major groups of vascular plants.
The results suggest that currently many more species are losers than winners and that if the tentative winners and potential losers realize their projected trajectories, losers in the future will continue to greatly outnumber future winners. Furthermore, although winners and losers are today distributed across nearly all orders of vascular plants, all but two of the nine major phylogenetic lineages favor losers over winners. A significant phylogenetic signal was detected for percentages of both winners and losers and some of the smaller ancestral orders with a high percentage of losers may be at risk of extinction.
In a rapidly changing world, plant species that tolerate human pressures, adapt, or shift distributions will continue to be the winners and survive the extinction bottleneck while the many more species that cannot do so will become the ultimate losers in the Anthropocene.