bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cordycepin inhibited the retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as lung metastasis via modulating c‐Myc/cyclin D1 pathway
Authors: Min Yao , Ding Yi , Huang Qing , Xu Ya , Li Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate cordycepin's effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of retinoblastoma (RB) cells and its regulatory mechanism. In this study, it was found that cordycepin inhibited RB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. c‐Myc was a downstream target of cordycepin, and cordycepin significantly suppressed c‐Myc expression, and c‐Myc overexpression markedly counteracted the impacts of cordycepin on RB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. c‐Myc was positively correlated with the cell cycle pathway. Cordycepin restrained cyclin D1 expression, and c‐Myc overexpression rescued this effect. In conclusion, cordycepin targets the c‐Myc/cyclin D1 pathway, thereby suppressing the malignant biological behaviors of RB cells.
Biallelic variants in the SLC13A1 sulfate transporter gene cause hyposulfatemia with a mild spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: van de Kamp Jiddeke M. , Bökenkamp Arend , Smith Desiree E. C. , Wamelink Mirjam M. C. , Jansen Erwin E. W. , Struys Eduard A. , Waisfisz Quinten , Verkleij Marieke , Hartmann Michaela F. , Wang Rong , Wudy Stefan A. , Paganini Chiara , Rossi Antonio , Finken Martijn J. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSulfate is the fourth most abundant anion in human plasma but is not measured in clinical practice and little is known about the consequences of sulfate deficiency. Nevertheless, sulfation plays an essential role in the modulation of numerous compounds, including proteoglycans and steroids. We report the first patient with a homozygous loss‐of‐function variant in the SLC13A1 gene, encoding a renal and intestinal sulfate transporter, which is essential for maintaining plasma sulfate levels. The homozygous (Arg12Ter) variant in SLC13A1 was found by exome sequencing performed in a patient with unexplained skeletal dysplasia. The main clinical features were enlargement of joints and spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal radiological abnormalities in early childhood, which improved with age. In addition, autistic features were noted. We found profound hyposulfatemia due to complete loss of renal sulfate reabsorption. Cholesterol sulfate was reduced. Intravenous N‐acetylcysteine administration temporarily restored plasma sulfate levels. We conclude that loss of the SLC13A1 gene leads to profound hypersulfaturia and hyposulfatemia, which is mainly associated with abnormal skeletal development, possibly predisposing to degenerative bone and joint disease. The diagnosis might be easily missed and more frequent.
Comparing spatial conservation prioritization methods with site‐ versus spatial dependency‐based connectivity
Authors: Muenzel Dominic , Critchell Kay , Cox Courtney , Campbell Stuart J. , Jakub Raymond , Chollett Iliana , Krueck Nils , Holstein Daniel , Treml Eric A. , Beger Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarval dispersal is an important component of marine reserve networks. Two conceptually different approaches to incorporate dispersal connectivity into spatial planning of these networks exist, and it is an open question as to when either is most appropriate. Candidate reserve sites can be selected individually based on local properties of connectivity or on a spatial dependency‐based approach of selecting clusters of strongly connected habitat patches. The first acts on individual sites, whereas the second acts on linked pairs of sites. We used a combination of larval dispersal simulations representing different seascapes and case studies of biophysical larval dispersal models in the Coral Triangle region and the province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, to compare the performance of these 2 methods in the spatial planning software Marxan. We explored the reserve design performance implications of different dispersal distances and patterns based on the equilibrium settlement of larvae in protected and unprotected areas. We further assessed different assumptions about metapopulation contributions from unprotected areas, including the case of 100% depletion and more moderate scenarios. The spatial dependency method was suitable when dispersal was limited, a high proportion of the area of interest was substantially degraded, or the target amount of habitat protected was low. Conversely, when subpopulations were well connected, the 100% depletion was relaxed, or more habitat was protected, protecting individual sites with high scores in metrics of connectivity was a better strategy. Spatial dependency methods generally produced more spatially clustered solutions with more benefits inside than outside reserves compared with site‐based methods. Therefore, spatial dependency methods potentially provide better results for ecological persistence objectives over enhancing fisheries objectives, and vice versa. Different spatial prioritization methods of using connectivity are appropriate for different contexts, depending on dispersal characteristics, unprotected area contributions, habitat protection targets, and specific management objectives.Comparación entre los métodos de priorización de la conservación espacial con sitio y la conectividad espacial basada en la dependencia
Savviness of prey to introduced predators
Authors: Wallach Arian D. , Ramp Daniel , Benítez‐López Ana , Wooster Eamonn I. F. , Carroll Scott , Carthey Alexandra J. R. , Rogers Erin I. E. , Middleton Owen , Zawada Kyle J. A. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Avidor Ella , Lundgren Erick 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe prey naivety hypothesis posits that prey are vulnerable to introduced predators because many generations in slow gradual coevolution are needed for appropriate avoidance responses to develop. It predicts that prey will be more responsive to native than introduced predators and less responsive to introduced predators that differ substantially from native predators and from those newly established. To test these predictions, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of studies that measured the wariness responses of small mammals to the scent of sympatric mammalian mesopredators. We identified 26 studies that met our selection criteria. These studies comprised 134 experiments reporting on the responses of 36 small mammal species to the scent of six introduced mesopredators and 12 native mesopredators. For each introduced mesopredator, we measured their phylogenetic and functional distance to local native mesopredators and the number of years sympatric with their prey. We used predator and prey body mass as a measure of predation risk. Globally, small mammals were similarly wary of the scent of native and introduced mesopredators; phylogenetic and functional distance between introduced mesopredators and closest native mesopredators had no effect on wariness; and wariness was unrelated to the number of prey generations, or years, since first contact with introduced mesopredators. Small mammal wariness was associated with predator‐prey body mass ratio, regardless of the nativity. The one thing animals do not seem to recognize is whether their predators are native.
Global justice and the opportunity costs of conservation
Authors: Armstrong Chris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOpportunity costs can represent a significant portion of the costs associated with conservation projects and frequently outstrip other kinds of cost. They are typically understood to refer to the benefits someone would have obtained if conservation projects had not required them to give up current activities, such as farming or hunting or if the land had been available for uses other than conservation. This familiar way of identifying opportunity costs is flawed, however, because it threatens to condone, or take advantage of, the injustices that many people face that affect their opportunities. I integrated ideas from the political theory of global justice to examine how the analysis of opportunity costs illustrates the importance of considering conservation and issues of global justice together, rather than thinking about them in isolation. I distinguish four baselines for defining opportunity costs. A status quo baseline defines opportunity costs by asking what people would have earned had a conservation project not happened. A willingness to accept baseline defines them by asking people what it would take to make them indifferent to whether a conservation project takes place or not. An antipoverty baseline suggests that opportunity costs have been met when people affected by a project are not left in poverty. An egalitarian baseline suggests opportunity costs have been met when people are not left in relative disadvantage, with worse than average opportunities. I argue that the egalitarian baseline is the most acceptable from the point of view of justice. Such a baseline would suggest that, in practice, many of the world's poor are being unjustly treated, or even exploited, as a result of conservation activities.
Evaluating the bioequivalence of two pitavastatin calcium formulations based on IVIVC modeling and clinical study
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Chen Jinliang , Wang Lu , Yang Dandan , Shao Rong , Lou Honggang , Ruan Zourong , Jiang Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn vitro‐in vivo correlation (IVIVC) allows prediction of the in vivo performance of a pharmaceutical product based on its in vitro drug release profiles and can be used to reduce the number of bioequivalence (BE) studies during product development, and facilitate certain regulatory decisions. Here, we developed an IVIVC model for pitavastatin calcium, a basic Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II lipid‐lowering drug, which was then used to predict the BE outcome of formulations manufactured at two manufacturers. In addition, virtual trials using the IVIVC model using pH 4.0 acetate buffer dissolution showed similarity in areas under the curves and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for test and reference tablets under fasting condition. These predicted results were verified in definitive BE study. In conclusion, we demonstrated that for certain BCS II molecules, IVIVC modeling could be used as a priori to predict the BE outcome.
Skills formation and (un)employment in Latin America: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Bogliaccini Juan , Madariaga Aldo , Peralta Miski 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMotivationSkills formation and training have been singled out as key policies to adapt to contemporary labour‐market challenges such as automation and skill‐biased technological change particularly in middle‐income countries such as those in Latin America. However, limited knowledge about the effects of training policies in Latin America hinders adaptation to these transformations.PurposeThis article contributes to the limited knowledge to date about the impact of skills formation in Latin America, with reference to Chile, a country usually considered a successful case of educational achievement and employment but sharing many of the development problems of its Latin American peers. By doing this, it provides empirical evidence to substantiate existing theories explaining these problems.Methods and approachUsing available longitudinal data from Chile (Encuesta de Protección Social, EPS), we analyse the causal effects of training on the transitions from unemployment to employment through a difference‐in‐difference (DiD) strategy.FindingsResults suggest that there is a small but significantly positive effect of training in reducing post‐training unemployment, as yearly unemployment among individuals attending training while unemployed is reduced, on average, by two weeks.Policy implicationsResults confirm the low and highly segmented incidence of training in the region, highlighting the need to discuss the design of training programmes to improve their effects, including the creation of differentiated programmes for unemployed and employed workers. For the former, it is important to strengthen labour intermediation to overcome problems of social capital; for the latter, it is key to achieve the stronger incorporation of employers in the discussion on training and industry standards. In both cases, it is crucial to create institutions promoting stronger co‐ordination between the interested actors.
Synergistic effects of the galanin analog 810–2 with the antiseizure medication levetiracetam in rodent seizure models
Authors: Metcalf Cameron S. , Gagangras Saurabh , Bulaj Grzegorz , White H. Steve 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe use of many antiseizure medications (ASMs) is limited due to pharmacoresistance and dose‐limiting side effects, suggesting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The neuropeptide galanin reduces seizures in several preclinical seizure and epilepsy models, but its clinical utility is limited due to rapid metabolism and poor blood–brain barrier penetration. The lead galanin analog 810–2 is systemically bioavailable and reduces seizures when administered alone. Further development of this analog, with the potential for use as an add‐on therapy in patients with epilepsy, requires a better understanding of the use of this analog in combination with approved ASMs. We sought to evaluate 810–2 in combination with commonly used ASMs in rodent models of seizures.MethodsThe mouse 6‐Hz seizure assay was used to test efficacy of 810–2 in combination with levetiracetam (LEV), valproic acid (VPA), or lacosamide (LCM) using a 1:1 dose ratio in isobolographic studies. Further characterization was performed for the combination of 810–2 and LEV in the mouse corneal kindling and rat 6‐Hz assays.ResultsWhereas the combination of 810–2 with VPA and LCM yielded additive interactions, the combination of 810–2 with LEV demonstrated a synergistic interaction in the mouse 6‐Hz assay. Supra‐additive effects were also observed in the mouse corneal kindling and rat 6‐Hz assays for this combination.SignificanceThe combination of 810–2 with LEV suggests the potential for this galanin analog to be further developed as an add‐on therapy for patients with epilepsy, particularly when coadministered with LEV.
Latina mothers' cultural orientation and child self‐esteem: The mediating role of cultural socialization
Authors: Trang Duyen T. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal investigation evaluated parental cultural socialization practices as a central mechanism by which parents' cultural values influence developmental outcomes in ethnic–racial minority children. Drawing on a sample of 129 Latina mothers and their children (48.1% daughters and 51.9% sons), path analyses evaluated hypothesized individual and interactive contributions of mothers' Latina heritage and American mainstream cultural orientations to changes in children's self‐esteem via overt and covert cultural socialization practices. Mothers reported on their cultural orientation and socialization practices when their children were ages 5 and 8, respectively. Children reported their self‐esteem at ages 8 and 10. Controlling for family socioeconomic status, mothers' nativity status, and prior child self‐esteem, path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect from mothers' heritage orientation to increased child self‐esteem via overt cultural socialization practices. Interestingly, a multigroup analysis by gender showed that mothers' heritage orientation was positively related to overt and covert cultural socialization practices toward both daughters and sons, but the indirect paths to child self‐esteem through cultural socialization did not attain significance for daughters. Moreover, among sons, the indirect path through overt cultural socialization predicted increased self‐esteem, whereas the indirect path through covert cultural socialization predicted decreased self‐esteem. These findings show that cultural socialization is a salient process by which parental cultural orientation influences children's self‐esteem while highlighting the specificity of these effects across overt and covert expressions of cultural socialization and child gender. Efforts to promote positive self‐esteem among Latinx children should encourage parental cultural socialization practices, such as teaching, reading, and/or performing activities that celebrate the Latinx culture.
Bat algorithm optimised extreme learning machine (Bat‐ELM): A novel approach for daily river water temperature modelling
Authors: Heddam Salim , Kim Sungwon , Danandeh Mehr Ali , Zounemat‐Kermani Mohammad , Ptak Mariusz , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Malik Anurag , Tikhamarine Yazid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere, the capability of the Bat algorithm optimised extreme learning machines ELM (Bat‐ELM) is demonstrated for river water temperature (Tw) modelling in the Orda River, Poland. Results using the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), the classification and regression Tree (CART) and the multiple linear regression (MLR) models were presented for comparison. The models were developed according to two scenarios: (1) using air temperature (Ta) as input for predicting Tw, and (2) using Ta and the periodicity (i.e., day, month and year number). River Tw calibration and validation results derived from air temperature and the periodicity show its potential application. The Bat‐ELM accurately predicts the Tw and surpassed all other models with coefficient of correlation (R) values ranging within the limits of 0.973 to 0.981, and the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values will fall within the interval of 0.947 to 0.963. Findings from this research also highlight the robustness of the Bat‐ELM using the periodicity by enhancing its ability to estimate river Tw.
Arduino data loggers: A helping hand in physical geography
Authors: Iribarren Anacona Pablo , Luján Jean Paul , Azócar Guillermo , Mazzorana Bruno , Medina Katy , Durán Gonzalo , Rojas Ivan , Loarte Edwin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrocontrollers such as Arduino have been increasingly used by researchers to create and customise their own tools. In geography, microcontrollers are frequently used to design data loggers for monitoring purposes. We reviewed the use of Arduino in physical geography to unravel the opportunities and challenges of using off‐the‐shelf tools in research. We conducted a literature review, putting the retrieved information in perspective with our experimental work in mountainous and riverine landscapes in Chile and Peru. We show that the low cost and versatility of Do It Yourself (DIY) data loggers open research opportunities, extending the range of application of their expensive commercial counterparts. The possibility of connecting Arduino to a wide range of sensors, actuators, and wireless communication devices has helped to monitor rivers, glaciers, lakes, ice‐waves, caves, and landslides, improving the temporal and spatial resolution of data collected in critical environments. Low‐cost sensors have been extensively compared against expensive alternatives with good results, although they require thorough testing before field deployment due to the common existence of defective equipment. Building research equipment has several challenges. DIY data loggers might not be unconditionally accepted by environmental agencies, partially restricting their use to educational and research purposes. Failures in data loggers can be difficult to track, since they might be related to coding, electronic assemblage, or inadequate housing to withstand outdoor use. Yet, Arduino‐based data loggers have helped scientists around the world in different stages of their career, especially in scarcely funded research endeavours. Arduino has boosted creativity and resourcefulness, paving the way for innovative monitoring strategies in physical geography.
Effect of selected elicitors on phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) sprouts obtained from seeds cultivated using the hydroponics technology
Authors: Kawatra Nikhil , Jha Gulshan , Dubey Akhilesh 
Published: September 2022

SummaryElicitation is an efficient strategy for enhancing the phytochemical content by inducing various physiological changes in plants and sprouts. In the present study, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride and mannitol at different concentrations were used as elicitors for enhancing the content of bioactive compounds in buckwheat sprouts obtained from hydroponically cultivated seeds. The phenolic content, flavonoids, flavonols, antioxidant activity, sugar, chlorophyll and carotenoids were estimated. The influence of elicitation on phenolic acids like ferulic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, rutin and quercetin was also determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Our results show that most of the phytochemical compounds are markedly higher in sprouts treated with citric acid (10 mm), ascorbic acid (1.5 mm) and sodium chloride (150 mm). The antioxidant activity is highest when the sprouts are treated with citric acid (10 mm) followed by NaCl (150 mm). A positive correlation is observed among antioxidant activity, phenolic content, flavonoids, tannins, rutin and ferulic acid. Our findings suggest that citric acid and sodium chloride can be recommended for effectively enhancing the phytochemical profile of buckwheat sprouts.
Particle size distribution control during wheat milling: nutritional quality and functional basis of flour products—a comprehensive review
Authors: Tian Xiaoling , Wang Xiaoxi , Wang Zhen , Sun Binghua , Wang Fengcheng , Ma Sen , Gu Yujuan , Qian Xiaojie 
Published: September 2022

SummaryWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important food grains worldwide, mainly consumed in the form of wheat flour or flour‐based foods. Milling reduces the particle size of wheat grains or wheat endosperm, which strongly affected the physical and chemical properties of wheat flour and subsequent product characteristics. In this paper, the differences in physical and chemical properties of wheat flour due to its particle size distribution, the sources of the differences and the applicability of flour products were reviewed. Furthermore, the modern wheat milling process, the mathematical modelling, and mechanical modification of wheat milling process in recent years were introduced. The research prospect of the influence of milling process on the formation of particle size and quality of wheat flour was put forward.
BCL6 deletion in CD4 T cells does not affect Th2 effector mediated immunity in the skin
Authors: Chandler Jodie , Prout Melanie , Old Sam , Morgan Cynthia , Ronchese Franca , Benoist Christophe , Le Gros Graham 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent studies propose that T follicular helper (Tfh) cells possess a high degree of functional plasticity in addition to their well‐defined roles in mediating interleukin‐4‐dependent switching of germinal center B cells to the production of immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgE antibodies. In particular Tfh cells have been proposed to be an essential stage in Th2 effector cell development that are able to contribute to innate type 2 responses. We used CD4‐cre targeted deletion of BCL6 to identify the contribution Tfh cells make to tissue Th2 effector responses in models of atopic skin disease and lung immunity to parasites. Ablation of Tfh cells did not impair the development or recruitment of Th2 effector subsets to the skin and did not alter the transcriptional expression profile or functional activities of the resulting tissue resident Th2 effector cells. However, the accumulation of Th2 effector cells in lung Th2 responses was partially affected by BCL6 deficiency. These data indicate that the development of Th2 effector cells does not require a BCL6 dependent step, implying Tfh and Th2 effector populations follow separate developmental trajectories and Tfh cells do not contribute to type 2 responses in the skin.