bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permanent First Mandibular Molar: Loss Prevalence and Pattern among Saudis in Al-Ahsa
Authors: Almahdi Hatim Mohammed , Alabdrabulridha Zuhair , AlAbbas Jawad , Saad Ali Albin , Alarka Ismail , Alghatm Sajjad , Alqasem Hadi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives The permanent first mandibular molar (PFMM) is the first tooth to erupt, usually at the age of 6 years. It is the most effective oral masticatory unit due to its wide occlusal surface and its role in favorable occlusion. This study describes the prevalence of PFMM loss and the reasons for extraction in a group of King Faisal Dental Complex Clinics (KFUDC) Saudi attendees. In addition, to report postextraction complications, consider the gender, age, and the time elapsed from the moment of the extraction.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in January to April 2020, focusing on the loss of PFMM among a group of Saudis attending KFUDC in Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. A total of 417 participants were recruited. The inclusion criteria were adults aged ≥ 18 years. The principal investigator performed all the necessary measures for calibration in the forms of training on clinical examination and interviews.
Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 25 (SPSS Inc., Illinois, United States).
Result Four hundred seventeen attendees participated in the present study. Majority were males 73.9% (308), and 26.1% (109) females. A third, 30% (125), reported missing PFMM; the overwhelming majority reported the reason for extraction as caries 93.6% (117).On clinical examination, 80.8% (101) had complications; drifting of adjacent teeth was the most common complication, 57.6% (72), followed by supraeruption in 23.2% (29).More males than females reported missing PFMM (22.8 and 7.2%, respectively), and those ≥ 25 years reported more missing PFMM than younger (17.5 and 12.5%, p ≤ 0.000). Those confirmed with systemic diseases reported more missing PFMM than their counterpart (23.3 and 6.7%, p ≤ 0.01).Those with good oral hygiene reported less missing PFMM than their poor oral hygiene counterparts (27.8 and 34%). Those who had good knowledge about the complications of early extraction of PFMM stated less missing PFMM than their counterparts (15.6 and 14.4%, p ≤ 0.01).
Conclusion This study indicated that PFMM were the most common extracted tooth. Caries is the principal reason for tooth extraction among the studied population, followed by periodontal diseases. Emphasis on preventing dental caries is essential to maintain a socially and economically productive life and reduce the burden of oral disease.
Medical Treatment Options for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sleiman Joseph , Bassi Mehak , Tsipotis Evangelos , Charabaty Aline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe landscape of management of ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease, continues to change with advancement in pharmaceutical options as well as clinical treatment targets. Ulcerative colitis primarily involves the superficial layers of the large bowel, and cause active inflammation that can affect the colon from the rectum to the cecum in a relapsing and a remitting course. In this review, we provide evidence-based guidance on the selection of appropriate medical therapies based on individual patient and disease characteristics, with a focus on biologics and small molecules. We also review the role of surgery and management of acute severe ulcerative colitis.
Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography of Normal Pancreas in Adult Subjects
Authors: Choudhury Shayeri Roy , Verma Mansi , Gupta Pankaj , Singh Harjeet , Sharma Vishal , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose Transabdominal ultrasound (US)-based shear wave elastography (SWE) provides an attractive method of estimating pancreatic stiffness. There is limited data on the SWE values of the healthy pancreas in Indian subjects. The current study aimed to evaluate SWE of the normal pancreas.
Methods We performed a study from January 2019 to March 2019. We included adult patients who presented for the US of the upper abdomen for vague abdominal symptoms, unrelated to the pancreas. The SWE values were obtained from the pancreatic head and body. The association of pancreatic SWE with age, gender, fatty liver, chronic liver disease, and cholelithiasis was recorded.
Results During the study period, 205 subjects underwent SWE of the pancreas. The mean age of subjects was 41.3 (standard deviation [SD] 15.3) years. There were 93 males and 112 females. The mean SWE value in the head of the pancreas was 8.98 (SD 2.46 kPa), and that in the body region was 8.67 (SD 2.67 kPa). There was a positive correlation of SWE with age. The SWE of the pancreatic body was significantly higher in patients who had a fatty liver on US (p < 0.05). There was no significant association of SWE of the pancreas with gender, presence of chronic liver disease, or gallstones.
Conclusion The normal values of pancreatic SWE are correlated with age and fatty change in the liver.
Understanding the Acceptability of Health Apps among Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chen Elizabeth , Muessig Kathryn E. , Moracco Kathryn E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Almost all adolescents aged 13 to 17 in the United States have access to a smartphone. While studies have commonly assessed the feasibility or usability of mobile health applications (“apps”), few have examined the acceptability of apps—whether individuals would actually use these health apps in their everyday lives—among adolescent populations.
Objectives This qualitative study aims to understand how adolescents assess the acceptability of health apps in the context of their everyday lives.
Methods Nineteen adolescents in grades 7 through 9 were asked to download a health app before participating in two semi-structured interviews 2 weeks apart. Seven domains from the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability were assessed: affective attitude, burden, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity costs, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy. A Grounded Theory approach was used to analyze data.
Results The seven acceptability domains plus two additional themes, intervention expectations (what adolescents anticipated given their experiences with other apps) and peer norms (friends' beliefs and attitudes toward the intervention's health topic), were salient.
Conclusion These nine domains of acceptability are relevant to adolescents and should be assessed during health app development by app developers and health researchers to improve adolescents' acceptability perceptions and potentially increase app usage.
Effectiveness of Psychosocial Intervention on Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Cancer: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Chavan Seema S. , Mendonca Theresa L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Mothers of children with cancer are reported to experience stress more often. For children with cancer, parents are the primary source of social and emotional support, and they are also in charge of how successfully patients manage their illness. The degree of difficulty parents suffer after learning that their child has cancer significantly influences the child's psychological adjustment.
Aim The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention on quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with cancer.
Materials and Methods Quasi-intervention study design was undertaken, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select the 60 mothers of children with cancer who were assigned randomly to the intervention and control groups. A pretested and validated self-administered questionnaire was used; the sociodemographic, WHOQOL-BREF scale with 26 items was studied.
Statistical Analysis Prevalence, demographic pro forma of mother and child was analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was used to establish the effectiveness of the psychosocial intervention on QoL. Association was done by using the chi-square test. SPSS package was used for analysis.
Results Psychosocial intervention was found to be effective in improving QoL scores in psychological health domain (p = 0.02*, p < 0.05), social relationship domain (p = 0.04*, p < 0.05), and environmental health domain (p = 0.001**, p < 0.05). A significant association was found between the physical health domain and information on cancer (p = 0.01*), psychological health domain and financial status (p = 0.03*), social relationship domain and cost of treatment (p = 0.04*), Q1 and Q2 with the place of residence (p = 0.004**, p = 0.02*), and Q2 and financial status (p = 0.03*).
Conclusion Mothers of children with cancer undergo a lot of stress and emotional turmoil and are at risk of deteriorating their QoL. Hence, they need to be provided support to address their issues. Thus, health professionals must develop and implement interventions to promote the QoL.
Surgical and Interventional Management of Liver Metastasis
Authors: Itenberg Edwin R. , Lozano Ana M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed worldwide. While the incidence of colorectal cancer has been declining since the adoption of screening colonoscopy, the findings of liver metastasis are still found in up to 25% of patients at diagnosis. The management of liver metastasis has evolved over the past two to three decades, and survival rates have improved secondary to improved systemic therapy, surgical options, and local therapies. In this article, we aim to review the available surgical and ablative options for management of colorectal liver metastasis, as well as appropriate imaging and patient selection.
Building brand meaning in social entrepreneurship organizations: the social impact brand model
Authors: Lückenbach Florian , Schmidt Holger J. , Henseler Jörg 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the face of numerous complex challenges at the ecological, economic, and social levels, Social Entrepreneurship Organizations (SEOs) offer an approach that is both solution-oriented and future-oriented by combining profitability and purpose. However, the achievement of social goals is closely linked to the ability to operate successfully in competitive environments, in which differentiation strategies, in particular the creation of strong and authentic brands, are vital to survival. Although the new paradigm of brand management, the so-called co-creative paradigm, has been extensively researched in recent decades both in the for-profit and non-profit contexts, there is still scarce empirical research addressing the field of SEOs. To exploit the potential that the co-creation paradigm offers for SEOs, our paper introduces a social impact brand model (SIBM), which sheds new light on the design process of social entrepreneurial brand meaning. The findings identify key drivers in creating SEO brands by focusing on a dual-brand core that consists of an impact mission orientation and an entrepreneurial orientation, internal branding activities, the founder's personal brand, and relevant brand (co-)creators. By aligning their brand management activities with the SIBM, SEOs can create brands that have authentic and stable brand meanings while managing stakeholder groups' various expectations.
Economic experiments support Ostrom’s polycentric approach to mitigating climate change
Authors: Milinski Manfred , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe late Nobel laureate Elinor Ostrom envisioned a polycentric approach to mitigating climate change rather than a centralised solution. Debating about global efforts to solve climate-change problems has yet not led to an effective global treaty. Ostrom argued that instead of focusing only on global efforts, it is better to encourage polycentric efforts to reduce the risks associated with the emission of greenhouse gases. Many problems conceptualised as ‘global problems’ are the cumulative results of actions taken by individuals, families, small groups, private firms, and local, regional, and national governments. Ostrom and colleagues pointed to many examples of successfully managing a common good through interaction within a community. Energy-saving actions undertaken by individuals, families and actors at a small-scale pay off and, when multiplied, may reduce emissions globally. The incentive to achieve an individual net gain may trigger human investment decisions. Here we provide experimental support for Ostrom’s basic ideas using methods of experimental economics. By subdividing experimental populations in subgroups that approach sub-goals of mitigating simulated dangerous climate change combined with incentives, the ‘global’ solution is achieved by combined subgroup contributions exceeding the ‘global’ threshold for averting simulated dangerous climate change. Incentives from refunded saved energy motivate reaching sub-goals, as Ostrom suggested. By contrast, coercing free-riding subgroups through sanctioning at a cost fails, because sanctioning also hits fair individuals who then reduce their contributions. However, the power of polycentricity with numerous successful units can help mitigate climate change.
Aerosol variability and glacial chemistry over the western Himalayas
Authors: Rashid Irfan , Bhat Imtiyaz Ahmad , Najar Nadeem Ahmad , Kang Shichang , Jan Faisal Zahoor , Dar Shahid Ahmad , Bhat Sami Ullah , Kashani Syed Danish Rafiq , Rasool Waseem 
Published: December 2022

Environmental context While it is known that aerosol deposition causes exacerbated melt of the glaciers, information about aerosol variability and deposition in the glaciated environments in the western Himalayas is still lacking. We analysed the aerosol variability, modelled the potential aerosol sources and assessed physicochemical characteristics of glacier ice in the region. This information could be foundational for initiating studies on aerosol impacts on the glacier melt besides climate change. Rationale There is increasing scientific evidence of aerosol deposition triggering glacier melting but very little understanding about the spatiotemporal variability of aerosols over the Indian Himalayas. The current study is a maiden effort to ascertain the aerosol variability in glacial environments of the Indian Himalayas. Aerosol sources were modelled and physicochemical characteristics of glacial ice were evaluated to draw firsthand insights into the light-absorbing impurities over three glaciers. Methodology Aerosol variability over four decades was analysed using MERRA-2 data (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications) over five different topographically distinct mountain ranges of the western Himalayas. Information about nine physicochemical variables was analysed over the ablation zone of glaciers in the region. HYSPLIT model was used to track the air mass sources at a weekly time-step from December 2020 to November 2021 over the selected glaciers. Results and discussion MERRA-2 data analyses indicate increasing trends in surface dust, columnar dust and black carbon. The highest columnar dust concentration was found in Pir Panjal Mountain Range (PP: 125 648 µg m−2) followed by the Greater Himalayan Mountain Range of Kashmir (GH: 64 384 µg m−2), Karakoram (KA: 47 574 µg m−2), Ladakh (LA: 45 861 µg m−2) and Zanskar (ZA: 38 416 µg m−2), however, the black carbon indicated a PP > GH > LA > KA > ZA trend. HYSPLIT trajectories indicate that the contribution of global sources is highest (65%) followed by local (21%) and regional (14%) sources. Ice chemistry analysis revealed a higher concentration of total solid particles (830 mg L−1) and sulfates (14.33 mg L−1) indicative of the contribution from anthropogenic footprint and lithology. Conclusion The research underpins the need for establishing long-term aerosol observatories and a detailed hydrochemical assessment for precisely ascertaining the black carbon and allied constituents to unravel their contribution to glacier melt in the north-western Himalayas.
Application of CRISPR-Based Human and Bacterial Ribosomal RNA Depletion for SARS-CoV-2 Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Cerón Stacey , Clemons Nathan C , von Bredow Benjamin , Yang Shangxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a CRISPR-based human and bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) depletion kit (JUMPCODE Genomics) on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shotgun metagenomic sequencing in weakly positive respiratory samples.MethodsShotgun metagenomics was performed on 40 respiratory specimens collected from solid organ transplant patients and deceased intensive care unit patients at UCLA Medical Center in late 2020 to early 2021. Human and bacterial rRNA depletion was performed on remnant library pools prior to sequencing by Illumina MiSeq. Data quality was analyzed using Geneious Prime, whereas the identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants and lineages was determined by Pangolin.ResultsThe average genome coverage of the rRNA-depleted respiratory specimens increased from 72.55% to 93.71% in overall samples and from 29.3% to 83.3% in 15 samples that failed to achieve sufficient genome coverage using the standard method. Moreover, rRNA depletion enhanced genome coverage to over 85% in 11 (73.3%) of 15 low viral load samples with cycle threshold values up to 35, resulting in the identification of genotypes.ConclusionThe CRISPR-based human and bacterial rRNA depletion enhanced the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 shotgun metagenomic sequencing, especially in low viral load samples.
Clinical Significance of Perineural Invasion by Prostate Cancer Detected on Needle Core Biopsy
Authors: Teramoto Yuki , Numbere Numbereye , Wang Ying , Miyamoto Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe clinical impact of the laterality of perineural invasion (PNI) by prostate cancer remains poorly understood. We herein compared radical prostatectomy (RP) findings and long-term oncologic outcomes in patients with prostate cancer with PNI in two prostate biopsy (PBx) sites.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 170 consecutive patients undergoing systematic sextant PBx where PNI had been detected in two of six PBx sites, followed by RP.ResultsPNI occurred unilaterally in 140 (82.4%) cases and bilaterally in 30 (17.6%) cases. Compared with unilateral PNI, bilateral PNI was significantly associated with a higher number of cancer-positive sites and longer total tumor length on PBx. However, there were no significant differences in RP findings, including tumor grade/stage and tumor volume, between unilateral and bilateral PNI cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with bilateral PNI had a significantly higher risk of disease progression after RP than those with unilateral PNI (P = .038). In multivariate analysis, bilateral PNI (vs unilateral PNI) showed significance for progression (hazard ratio, 2.281; P = .023).ConclusionsIn PBx specimens exhibiting PNI in two sextant sites, bilateral PNI was found to be associated with poorer prognosis as an independent predictor but not worse histopathologic features in RP specimens compared with unilateral PNI.
Morphologic Characteristics and Mutational Analysis of Fumarate Hydratase Deficient Kidney and Smooth Muscle Tumors
Authors: McMurtry Valarie , Mahlow Jonathan , Coleman Joshua F , Deftereos Georgios , Jattani Rakhi , Bastien Roy R L , Durtschi Jacob , Jarboe Elke , Lomo Lesley , Sirohi Deepika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesFumarate hydratase (FH)–deficient tumors can occur due to germline or somatic mutations and have distinctive morphologic features. The aims of this study are to refine morphologic criteria and identify mutations in FH-deficient smooth muscle tumors (SMTs).MethodsThe morphology of SMTs and kidney tumors submitted to a national reference laboratory for FH immunohistochemistry (IHC) was reviewed by two gynecologic and two genitourinary pathologists, respectively. Fisher exact test was used for analysis. Fourteen SMTs were sequenced using the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 Assay.ResultsTwenty-two kidney tumors (5 FH deficient) and 51 SMTs (27 FH deficient) were reviewed. FH-deficient kidney tumors exclusively showed cord-like growth, rhabdoid change, and absence of coagulative tumor necrosis and psammoma bodies. FH-deficient SMTs were significantly more likely to have staghorn vessels, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, schwannoma-like areas, or hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer–like nuclei (P &lt; .05 for each). Seven of 14 sequenced SMTs showed mutations of the FH gene and no other driver mutations.ConclusionsFH-deficient SMTs submitted for FH immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed distinct morphology. Although FH IHC is used for screening of FH-deficient tumors, FH mutations were identified in only 50% of FH-deficient SMTs. This highlights the need for additional exploration of mechanisms of FH protein loss in tumors lacking FH mutations.
WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual: A New Approach to Security
Authors: Ficociello Barbara , Giordano Daniela , Incoronato Federica , Farinella Andrea , Pietrangeli Biancamaria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The paper aims to highlight the new indications introduced in the 4th edition of the “Laboratory Biosafety Manual” of World Health Organization. The authors propose a new vision to improve biosafety and biosecurity in the laboratory aligned with the technical standards ISO 35001:2019 “Biorisk management for laboratories and other related organizations” and ISO 45001:2018 “Occupational health and safety management systems—Requirements with guidelines for use” framework. The current edition has a more innovative approach compared to the previous ones, more attention is given to training awareness and providing skills, to promote the culture of safety by adopting an approach based on risk analysis, rather than the prescriptive approach that has been used previously.
The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS) Gluteal Fat Grafting Safety Review and Recommendations
Authors: Tillo Omar , Nassab Reza , Pacifico Marc D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Superficial gluteal lipofilling is a fat grafting procedure performed to correct a trochanteric depression and buttock deflation. Brazilian butt lift (BBL) is a gluteal lipofilling procedure traditionally associated with exaggerated appearance and intramuscular fat transfer. The risk of mortality from fat embolism in BBL was previously reported as being 1:2500. The actual risk was later estimated to be nearer 1:15,000, which is similar to the mortality risk in abdominoplasty. There is increasing evidence regarding the safety of subcutaneous gluteal lipofilling. This has principally been related to new technologies, surgical techniques, and training being developed to avoid intramuscular injection of fat. The efficacy and benefits of intraoperative ultrasound for guiding the subcutaneous placement of fat and avoiding inadvertent deep lipofilling have been demonstrated. Other serious risks and complications must be considered in addition to mortality. These include hypothermia, sepsis, skin necrosis, and poor aesthetic results, as well as the much-publicized risk of fat embolism. Complications are better controlled and managed in strictly regulated healthcare settings. Patients seeking surgery at unregulated facilities or via medical tourism are deemed to be at higher risk of being exposed to these serious complications and/or inadequate subsequent management.