bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial skin ageing: Key concepts and overview of processes
Authors: Zargaran David , Zoller Florence , Zargaran Alexander , Weyrich Tim , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe face is a cosmetically sensitive region where the process of ageing is most clearly manifested. With increased focus on anti‐ageing and longevity, more anti‐senescent treatments are being proposed despite limited evidence. This study outlines the pathways and mechanisms underpinning the biological process of ageing in the face.MethodsComprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from inception to 2020. Inclusion criteria included all empirical human research studies specific to facial ageing features, written in the English language.ResultsA total of 65 papers met inclusion criteria for analysis. Pathways were subdivided into intrinsic and extrinsic senescence mechanisms. Intrinsic pathways included genetics, generation of reactive oxygen species and hormonal changes. Extrinsic pathways included photoageing and damage to skin layers. The combined intrinsic and extrinsic pathway alterations result in wrinkles, higher laxity, slackness and thinning of the skin. Skin functions such as barrier immune function, wound healing, thermoregulation and sensory function are also impaired.ConclusionThe ageing process is unique to the individual and depends on the interplay between an individual's genetics and external environmental factors. Through understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms, an appreciation of the consequent structural and functional changes can be achieved. Based on this knowledge, further research can focus on how to slow or impede the ageing process and identify specific targets to develop and evolve new treatment strategies.
How do students with intellectual disabilities tell stories? An investigation of narrative macrostructure and microstructure
Authors: Altman Carmit , Avraham Ilanit , Meirovich Shlomit Shnitzer , Lifshitz Hefziba 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndividuals with intellectual disability may have limited narrative skills. The novelty of this study lies in the examination of strengths and weaknesses which may enable a more facilitative approach to narrative and other storytelling‐based methodologies among adults with intellectual disability who study in an academic enrichment program in comparison to typical students with the same chronological age. Seventeen adult students with intellectual disability and 16 typically developing students, produced narratives which were examined for microstructure (e.g., length, lexis, grammaticality, and complexity) macrostructure (e.g., goals, attempts, and outcomes) and Internal state terms (ISTs). The findings indicate that in spite of weakness of adults with intellectual disability in terms of coherence, syntactic complexity, and grammatical sentences, they exhibit strengths in narrative macrostructure story scheme and use IST. With increasing age, narratives performance of adults with intellectual disability continues to advance possibly due to maturity, life experience and indirect exposure to the environment.
Multi‐site proficiency testing for validation and standardization of assays to detect specific pathogen‐free viruses, coronaviruses, and other agents in nonhuman primates
Authors: Yee JoAnn L. , Grant Richard , Haertel Andrew J. , Allers Carolina , Carpenter Amanda B. , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Roberts Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn efforts to increase rigor and reproducibility, the USA National Primate Research Centers (NPRCs) have focused on qualification of reagents, cross‐laboratory validations, and proficiency testing for methods to detect infectious agents and accompanying immune responses in nonhuman primates. The pathogen detection working group, comprised of laboratory scientists, colony managers, and leaders from the NPRCs, has championed the effort to produce testing that is reliable and consistent across laboratories. Through multi‐year efforts with shared proficiency samples, testing percent agreement has increased from as low as 67.1% for SRV testing in 2010 to 92.1% in 2019. The 2019 average agreement for the four basic SPF agents improved to >96% (86.5% BV, 98.9 SIV, 92.1 SRV, and 97.0 STLV). As new pathogens such as SARS coronavirus type 2 emerge, these steps can now be quickly replicated to develop and implement new assays that ensure rigor, reproducibly, and quality for NHP pathogen detection.
Do religious transitions from early to established adulthood predict filial elder‐care norms?
Authors: Hwang Woosang , Kim Jeung Hyun , Brown Maria T. , Silverstein Merril 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study employs multiple religious dimensions and a developmental perspective to identify distinct classes of religiosity among young adults in early and middle adulthood, and to describe how transition patterns in religiosity classes are associated with filial elder‐care norms in midlife.BackgroundThere is a broad consensus that religiosity is associated with strong intergenerational ties, including the willingness to provide support and care for older parents. Less is known regarding how transitions in religiosity from early to middle adulthood predict filial eldercare norms in midlife.MethodsThe sample consisted of 365 young adults participating in the Longitudinal Study of Generations in 2000 (mean age = 23 years) and 2016 (mean age = 39 years) waves. We conducted latent class and latent transition analyses to address study aims.ResultsAnalyses indicate three latent classes of religiosity in both 2000 and 2016 waves: strongly religious, weakly religious, and doctrinally religious. Those who remained weakly religious and who declined in religiosity between 2000 and 2016 held weaker filial elder‐care norms in 2016 compared to those who remained strongly religious.ConclusionOur findings add a developmental perspective to the literature on religion and filial norms and suggest that trends toward irreligion and increased secularly may portend weakening responsibility for aging parents among middle‐aged adults.
Clinical manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in neonates and the probability of maternal transmission
Authors: Mahfouz Mohammad EM , Elrewiny Mohamed , Abdel‐Moneim Ahmed S 
Published: April 2022

AimThis study aimed to measure the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in neonates from infected mothers and to screen disease severity in neonates.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study of neonates from SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive mothers, enrolling mothers who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 and their neonates. Eleven infants <25 days old presenting with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were also included in the study. We recorded clinical symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive mothers and their neonates.ResultsOne of 126 babies born to SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mothers was found to be positive (0.79%). The referred positive neonates were either asymptomatic or suffered from symptoms ranging from mild respiratory distress to pneumonia. Most SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive neonates showed neutropenia and lymphocytosis. Most of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mothers (n = 126) were either asymptomatic (46, 36.5%) or showed mild respiratory distress (66, 52.4%). However, pneumonia and severe respiratory distress were reported in 14 (11.1%) of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mothers. There were no deaths of either SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mothers or neonates.ConclusionWe conclude that mothers transmitted infection to their neonates at a very low rate. Disease in neonates is usually mild, although some babies have severe disease. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in late pregnancy usually leads to mild maternal disease, but severe disease is reported in approximately one‐tenth of the infected women.
Evaluation of dissimilar intestinal bacteria incorporated feeds on growth of ornamental fish Swordtail Xiphophorus helleri
Authors: Rajan M.R. , Brindha G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Four dissimilar bacterial colonies were isolated from the intestine of ornamental fish Swordtail Xiphophorus helleri through serial dilution. The isolated colonies were identified as Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. using biochemical tests. Enzyme productivity and antibacterial activity of intestinal bacteria of Swordtail were carried out against pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Shigella flexneri, Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebshilla pneumoniae along with commercial antibiotic Tetracycline. Based on biochemical tests, enzyme productivity and antibacterial activity mass multiplication of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. were done in nutrient broth. Four different feeds such as feed I (Control) (without bacteria), Feed II (1ml Bacillus sp.), Feed III (1 ml of each of Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp.) and Feed IV (1 ml each of Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Enterobacter sp.) were prepared. A total of 60 fishes were used for the study. Feed utilization parameters of the Swordtail were estimated after 21 days. Based on the antibacterial test, the Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. have higher inhibition. Most of the feed utilization parameters were higher in feed IV. From the results, it was concluded that the combination of three dissimilar bacteria in the feed enhanced the growth of the Swordtail.
Three‐dimensional assessment of tongue cancer prognosis by preoperative MRI
Authors: Li Chenyao , Zhu Ling , Guo Yibo , Ji Tong , Ren Zhenhu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo obtain the relative volume by measuring the tongue volume and the lesion volume, and further explore its relationship with the prognosis of patients, hoping to supplement the TNM staging with a new index.MethodsITK‐SANP software was used to outline the patients’ MRI. After MRI reconstruction and measurement, slicer software was used to estimate tumor volume.ResultsA total of 64 patients with tongue cancer who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The estimated tumor volume after MRI reconstruction revealed a significant and robust correlation with tumor stage (p < 0.05, Rs = 0.6207) and a substantial and medium correlation with early lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05, Rs = 0.4873).ConclusionsWe classified tongue cancer into three grades based on tumor volume (Stage I, tumors smaller than 1500 mm³; Stage II, tumors 1500–9000 mm³; and Stage III, tumors larger than 9000 mm³), and such grading could be used as a reference for tumor staging, lymph node metastasis, and patient prognosis to a certain extent.
The association of severe pain experienced in the pediatric intensive care unit and postdischarge health‐related quality of life: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smith Mallory B. , Killien Elizabeth Y. , Dervan Leslie A. , Rivara Frederick P. , Weiss Noel S. , Watson Robert Scott 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPain may be a modifiable risk factor for lower health‐related quality of life after pediatric critical illness.AimTo evaluate the association between severe pain experienced in the (pediatrc intensive care unit) and postdischarge health‐related quality of life.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and enrolled in the Seattle Children's Hospital Outcomes Assessment Program were included. Pain was assessed every 2 h by bedside nursing staff using a behavioral pain scale or numeric pain scale. A day of severe pain was defined as a pediatric intensive care unit day with ≥25% of pain scores ≥7/10. Baseline (preadmission) and postdischarge (median 6 weeks) health‐related quality of life was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) or the Stein Jessop Functional Status II‐R (FS II‐R, for children with developmental disability). The cohort was stratified by diagnosis category (surgical vs. medical), and associations were measured using linear regression models.ResultsAmong 546 patients, 11.9% experienced ≥1 day of severe pain. In multivariable linear regression, each day of severe pain was independently associated with a lower postdischarge health‐related quality of life score by 3.6 points (95% CI −6.3 to −0.9) adjusted for baseline health‐related quality of life score, age, baseline cognitive function, days with multi‐organ dysfunction, pediatric intensive care unit length of stay, and decline in overall function. This association was stronger among surgical patients than medical patients with each day of severe pain resulting in a lower postdischarge health‐related quality of life score by 5.3 points (95% CI −9.6 to −0.9) versus 2.6 points (95% CI −5.8 to 0.6). Surgical patients had lower postdischarge emotional functioning than physical functioning subdomain scores.ConclusionsChildren who experience severe pain in the pediatric intensive care unit have lower postdischarge health‐related quality of life adjusting for baseline health‐related quality of life, particularly among children who have undergone surgery. Attention to pain management may be important to improve postdischarge health‐related quality of life.
Riboflavin integrates cellular energetics and cell cycle to regulate maize seed development
Authors: Tian Qiuzhen , Wang Gang , Ma Xuexia , Shen Qingwen , Ding Mengli , Yang Xueyi , Luo Xiaoli , Li Rongrong , Wang Zhenghui , Wang Xiangyang , Fu Zhiyuan , Yang Qinghua , Tang Jihua , Wang Guifeng 
Published: April 2022

SummaryRiboflavin is the precursor of essential cofactors for diverse metabolic processes. Unlike animals, plants can de novo produce riboflavin through an ancestrally conserved pathway, like bacteria and fungi. However, the mechanism by which riboflavin regulates seed development is poorly understood. Here, we report a novel maize (Zea mays L.) opaque mutant o18, which displays an increase in lysine accumulation, but impaired endosperm filling and embryo development. O18 encodes a rate‐limiting bifunctional enzyme ZmRIBA1, targeted to plastid where to initiate riboflavin biosynthesis. Loss of function of O18 specifically disrupts respiratory complexes I and II, but also decreases SDH1 flavinylation, and in turn shifts the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to glycolysis. The deprivation of cellular energy leads to cell‐cycle arrest at G1 and S phases in both mitosis and endoreduplication during endosperm development. The unexpected up‐regulation of cell‐cycle genes in o18 correlates with the increase of H3K4me3 levels, revealing a possible H3K4me‐mediated epigenetic back‐up mechanism for cell‐cycle progression under unfavourable circumstances. Overexpression of O18 increases riboflavin production and confers osmotic tolerance. Altogether, our results substantiate a key role of riboflavin in coordinating cellular energy and cell cycle to modulate maize endosperm development.
Disentangling cognitive inflexibility in major depressive disorder: A transcranial direct current stimulation study
Authors: Koshikawa Yosuke , Nishida Keiichiro , Yamane Tomonari , Yoshimura Masafumi , Onohara Ai , Ueda Satsuki , Ishii Ryouhei , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Morishima Yosuke 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCognitive dysfunction is a persistent residual symptom in major depressive disorders (MDDs) that hinders social and occupational recovery. Cognitive inflexibility is a typical cognitive dysfunction in MDD and refers to difficulty in switching tasks, which requires two subcomponents: forgetting an old task and adapting to a new one. Here, we aimed to disentangle the subcomponents of cognitive inflexibility in MDD and investigate whether they can be improved by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the prefrontal cortex.MethodsThe current study included 20 patients with MDD (seven females) and 22 age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) (seven females). The participants received anodal tDCS on either the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in a crossover design. Before and after the application of tDCS, the participants performed a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, in which the task‐switching rules were explicitly described and proactive interference from a previous task rule was occasionally released.ResultsWe found that the behavioral cost of a task switch was increased in patients with MDD, but that of proactive interference was comparable between patients with MDD and HCs. The response time for anodal DMPFC tDCS was decreased compared with that for anodal tDCS on the DLPFC in MDD.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that cognitive inflexibility in MDD is primarily explained by the difficulty to adapt to a new task and environment, and that tDCS on the DMPFC improves behavioral performance during cognitively demanding tasks that require conflict resolution.
Semiparametric Latent Class Analysis of Recurrent Event Data
Authors: Zhao Wei , Peng Limin , Hanfelt John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecurrent event data frequently arise in chronic disease studies, providing rich information on disease progression. The concept of latent class offers a sensible perspective to characterize complex population heterogeneity in recurrent event trajectories that may not be adequately captured by a single regression model. However, the development of latent class methods for recurrent event data has been sparse, typically requiring strong parametric assumptions and involving algorithmic issues. In this work, we investigate latent class analysis of recurrent event data based on flexible semiparametric multiplicative modelling. We derive a robust estimation procedure through novelly adapting the conditional score technique and utilizing the special characteristics of multiplicative intensity modelling. The proposed estimation procedure can be stably and efficiently implemented based on existing computational routines. We provide solid theoretical underpinnings for the proposed method, and demonstrate its satisfactory finite sample performance via extensive simulation studies. An application to a dataset from research participants at Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center illustrates the practical utility of our proposals.
Cross‐inoculation of rhizobiome from a congeneric ruderal plant imparts drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays) through changes in root morphology and proteome
Authors: Zhang Ziliang , Jatana Bhupinder Singh , Campbell Barbara J. , Gill Jasmine , Suseela Vidya , Tharayil Nishanth 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYRhizobiome confer stress tolerance to ruderal plants, yet their ability to alleviate stress in crops is widely debated, and the associated mechanisms are poorly understood. We monitored the drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays) as influenced by the cross‐inoculation of rhizobiota from a congeneric ruderal grassAndropogon virginicus(andropogon‐inoculum), and rhizobiota from organic farm maintained under mesic condition (organic‐inoculum). Across drought treatments (40% field capacity), maize that receivedandropogon‐inoculumproduced two‐fold greater biomass. This drought tolerance translated to a similar leaf metabolomic composition as that of the well‐watered control (80% field capacity) and reduced oxidative damage, despite a lower activity of antioxidant enzymes. At a morphological‐level, drought tolerance was associated with an increase in specific root length and surface area facilitated by the homeostasis of phytohormones promoting root branching. At a proteome‐level, the drought tolerance was associated with upregulation of proteins related to glutathione metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation process. Fungal taxa belonging to Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Archaeorhizomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Agaricomycetes inandropogon‐inoculumwere identified as potential indicators of drought tolerance. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the rhizobiome‐facilitated drought tolerance and demonstrates a better path to utilize plant–rhizobiome associations to enhance drought tolerance in crops.
Cochlear implantation after deafness fromPasteurella multocidameningitis
Authors: Warner Jeffrey Dewitt , Tilak Ashwini Milind , Manickavel Sudhir , Walsh Erika 
Published: April 2022

A woman in her late 40s who works as a veterinary technician represented to the emergency department with increasing headache, confusion, neck stiffness, subjective fevers and distorted hearing 2 days after diagnosis of viral infection at an outside emergency department.Diagnosis ofPasteurella multocidawas made from blood cultures and lumbar puncture. Intravenous ceftriaxone was administered for 21 days. By the time of resolution of acute meningitis, she had become completely deaf bilaterally. MRI revealed faint early ossification/possible labyrinthitis ossificans of the basal cochlea, which was confirmed on surgical exploration during the placement of cochlear implants bilaterally 42 days later. We discuss how the atypical features of this infection lead to diagnostic delay and high morbidity, the unique imaging/surgical findings resulting from the infection, and the clinical utility of early and bilateral cochlear implantation in this and similar cases.
Thiazolidinedione use and retinal fluid in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials
Authors: Core Jason Q , Hua Peiying , Daniel Ebenezer , Grunwald Juan E , Jaffe Glenn , Maguire Maureen G , Ying Gui-shuang 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThiazolidinediones, commonly used antidiabetic medications, have been associated with an increased risk of development of diabetic macular oedema and increased vascular endothelial cell permeability. Macular neovascularisation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and associated fluid leakage may be influenced by thiazolidinediones. This study aims to determine the association between thiazolidinedione usage and retinal morphological outcomes or visual acuity (VA) in patients treated with bevacizumab or ranibizumab for neovascular AMD (nAMD).MethodsSecondary analysis of data from the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials. Participant self-reported diabetes status and thiazolidinedione usage at baseline. VA, intraretinal, subretinal and subretinal pigment epithelium fluid, and foveal thickness of retinal layers were evaluated at baseline and during 2-year follow-up. Comparisons of outcomes between thiazolidinedione usage groups were adjusted by macular neovascularisation lesion type in multivariable regression models.ResultsPatients taking thiazolidinedione (n=30) had lower adjusted mean VA score at baseline (difference −6.2 letters; p=0.02), greater proportion with intraretinal fluid (IRF) at year 2 (75% vs 50%, adjusted OR 2.8; p=0.04), greater mean decrease in subretinal tissue complex thickness from baseline at year 1 (difference −75.1 um; p=0.02) and greater mean decrease in subretinal thickness at year 1 (difference −41.9 um; p=0.001) and year 2 (difference −43.3 um; p=0.001).ConclusionsIn this exploratory analysis, patients with diabetes taking thiazolidinediones and treated with bevacizumab or ranibizumab for nAMD had worse baseline mean VA, greater reductions in subretinal and subretinal tissue complex thickness from baseline, and greater proportions with IRF comparing to patients not taking thiazolidinediones.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT00593450.