bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The developing airway and gut microbiota in early life is influenced by age of older siblings
Authors: Christensen Emil Dalgaard , Hjelmsø Mathis Hjort , Thorsen Jonathan , Shah Shiraz , Redgwell Tamsin , Poulsen Christina Egeø , Trivedi Urvish , Russel Jakob , Gupta Shashank , Chawes Bo L. , Bønnelykke Klaus , Sørensen Søren Johannes , Rasmussen Morten Arendt , Bisgaard Hans , Stokholm Jakob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowing up with siblings has been linked to numerous health outcomes and is also an important determinant for the developing microbiota. Nonetheless, research into the role of having siblings on the developing microbiota has mainly been incidental.ResultsHere, we investigate the specific effects of having siblings on the developing airway and gut microbiota using a total of 4497 hypopharyngeal and fecal samples taken from 686 children in the COPSAC2010cohort, starting at 1 week of age and continuing until 6 years of age. Sibship was evaluated longitudinally and used for stratification. Microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the variable V4 region.We found siblings in the home to be one of the most important determinants of the developing microbiota in both the airway and gut, with significant differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and relative abundances of the most abundant taxa, with the specific associations being particularly apparent during the first year of life. The age gap to the closest older sibling was more important than the number of older siblings. The signature of having siblings in the gut microbiota at 1 year was associated with protection against asthma at 6 years of age, while no associations were found for allergy.ConclusionsHaving siblings is one of the most important factors influencing a child’s developing microbiota, and the specific effects may explain previously established associations between siblings and asthma and infectious diseases. As such, siblings should be considered in all studies involving the developing microbiota, with emphasis on the age gap to the closest older sibling rather than the number of siblings.
Numerical modeling of the propagation process of landslide surge using physics-informed deep learning
Authors: Wu Yinghan , Shao Kaixuan , Piccialli Francesco , Mei Gang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe landslide surge is a common secondary disaster of reservoir bank landslides, which can cause more serious damage than the landslide itself in many cases. With the development of large-scale scientific and engineering computing, many new techniques have been applied to the study of hydrodynamic problems to make up for the shortcomings of traditional methods. In this paper, we use the physics-informed neural network (PINN) to simulate the propagation process of surges caused by landslides. We study different characteristics of landslide surges by changing water depth and particle density. We find that: (1) the landslide surge propagation process simulation method based on the physics-informed neural network has good applicability, and the stages of landslide surge propagation can be well presented; (2) the depth of water influences the landslide surge propagation as the amplitude of the surge increases with deeper water; (3) the particle density of water influences the landslide surge propagation as the fluctuation of the surge is more obvious with larger particle density. Our study is helpful to understand the propagation process of landslide surges more clearly and provides new ideas for the follow-up study of this kind of complex fluid–structure interaction problem.
Exploring the experience of young people receiving treatment for an eating disorder: family therapy for anorexia nervosa and multi-family therapy in an inpatient setting
Authors: Coopey Emily , Johnson George 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Research indicates that family therapy for anorexia nervosa (FT-AN) and multi-family therapy (MFT) are effective treatments for adolescents experiencing anorexia nervosa (AN). However, less is known about young people’s experiences of these two treatments, as there is limited qualitative research, and to date no qualitative research within an inpatient setting. It is argued that the lack of such insight limits the development of services for young people experiencing AN.

Method
Five young people were recruited to the study from a specialist inpatient unit who were receiving treatment on the AN pathway which included both FT-AN and MFT. Semi structured interviews were undertaken and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Results
Four superordinate themes and ten subthemes were developed from the data. The four superordinate themes were: ‘Process of Understanding’, ‘Reviving Connection’, ‘Emerging from the Eating Disorder and ‘Development of I’.

Conclusions
There appeared to be two overarching concepts: the role of the individual and the role of others, that helpfully framed the results. The superordinate themes: ‘Emerging from the Eating Disorder’ and ‘Development of I’ focused on the development of the individual. Conversely, the superordinate themes: ‘The Process of Understanding’ and ‘Reviving Connection’ were centred on the relationships existing within the family system. The results could help inform future service developments regarding inpatient provision and service design.

Plain English Summary
The most widely used and recognised treatment for anorexia nervosa in young people is family therapy for anorexia nervosa (FT-AN). An alternative treatment is multi-family therapy (MFT). Both treatments are deemed to be effective and usually happen in the community. However, some hospitals provide these treatments while the young people are in-patients. There is no research exploring young people’s experiences of these two treatments while in an in-patient unit.
Young people who had received both FT-AN and MFT in an inpatient setting were asked to share their experiences of these two treatments. Their stories were analysed by a researcher. The analysis identified four themes: ‘Process of Understanding’, ‘Reviving Connection’, ‘Emerging from the Eating Disorder and ‘Development of I’.
The results highlighted that the young people appeared to place more value on the role of others and perhaps others changing enabled them to change. The research highlighted the benefit in others’ understanding and therefore how improving societal understanding more broadly would be helpful. The young people reflected that both they and their parents benefited from FT-AN and MFT in an in-patient setting and it is proposed that this could help inform future service developments regarding inpatient provision.
Discontinuities in vocational education and training: the influence of early-risk factors and personality constructs on premature training termination and subsequent trajectories
Authors: Michaelis Christian , Richter Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
For adolescents, preventing a premature training termination (PTT) and withdrawal from education and training after a PTT is an important societal task. While studies reveal that early-risk factors such as a low educational background or selected personality constructs are relevant for predicting PTT, less is known about subsequent trajectories after a PTT and the factors that determine them.

Methods
Using data from the German National Educational Panel Study, we examine the influence of early-risk factors and personality constructs on the first PTT (n = 4892) in the training course using a binomial logistic regression model. In a second step, by using a sequence and cluster analysis we explore subsequent trajectory patterns within 24 months after PTT (n = 944) and analyze the influence of early-risk factors and personality constructs on subsequent trajectory clusters after PTT.

Results
We identify 7 different trajectory clusters, of which three clusters show risk-related trajectories (37.0%) with tendencies to withdraw from education and training. Furthermore, our analysis confirms the relevance of early-risk factors for predicting PTT as well as trajectories after PTT: a low educational qualification, graduation after more than the typical number of years, and low parental education increase the probability of discontinuities in adolescents’ educational and training paths. Additionally, it is important to consider the influence of personality traits on the subsequent trajectories: adolescents with strong openness tend to have continued school attendance after PTT, indicating a constructive career adaptation process, while adolescents with strong self-efficacy seem to assess their chances in the labor market as positive even without a vocational qualification.

Conclusions
The longitudinal perspective on the consequences of a first termination of a VET program revealed that educational trajectories after a PTT are highly heterogeneous indicating the need for different types of policy measures to minimize the incidence of PTT and withdrawing from education and training.
Electromagnetic conjugacy of ionospheric disturbances after the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption as seen in GNSS-TEC and SuperDARN Hokkaido pair of radars observations
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Sori Takuya , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi , Tsuda Takuo , Nishitani Nozomu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo elucidate the characteristics of electromagnetic conjugacy of traveling ionospheric disturbances just after the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption, we analyze Global Navigation Satellite System-total electron content data and ionospheric plasma velocity data obtained from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network Hokkaido pair of radars. Further, we use thermal infrared grid data with high spatial resolution observed by the Himawari 8 satellite to identify lower atmospheric disturbances associated with surface air pressure waves propagating as a Lamb mode. After 07:30 UT on 15 January, two distinct traveling ionospheric disturbances propagating in the westward direction appeared in the Japanese sector with the same structure as those at magnetically conjugate points in the Southern Hemisphere. Corresponding to these traveling ionospheric disturbances with their large amplitude of 0.5 – 1.1 × 1016 el/m2 observed in the Southern Hemisphere, the plasma flow direction in the F region changed from southward to northward. At this time, the magnetically conjugate points in the Southern Hemisphere were located in the sunlit region at a height of 105 km. The amplitude and period of the plasma flow variation are ~ 100–110 m/s and ~ 36–38 min, respectively. From the plasma flow perturbation, a zonal electric field is estimated as ~ 2.8–3.1 mV/m. Further, there is a phase difference of ~ 10–12 min between the total electron content and plasma flow perturbations. This result suggests that the external electric field variation generates the traveling ionospheric disturbances observed in both Southern and Northern Hemispheres. The origin of the external electric field is an E-region dynamo driven by the neutral wind oscillation associated with atmospheric acoustic waves and gravity waves. Finally, the electric field propagates to the F region and magnetically conjugate ionosphere along magnetic field lines with the local Alfven speed, which is much faster than that of Lamb mode waves. From these observational facts, it can be concluded that the E-region dynamo electric field produced in the sunlit Southern Hemisphere is a main cause of the two distinct traveling ionospheric disturbances appearing over Japan before the arrival of the air pressure disturbances.
Graphical Abstract
The efficacy of tucatinib-based therapeutic approaches for HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Sirhan Zaid , Thyagarajan Anita , Sahu Ravi P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOverexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) occurs in approximately 15–20% of breast cancer cases. HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family with tyrosinase kinase activity, and its overexpression is linked to poor prognosis and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Among various treatment options, HER2-targeting monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have mostly been applied in recent decades to treat HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients. Although positive clinical outcomes were documented in both advanced disease and neoadjuvant settings, the development of resistance mechanisms to such approaches has been one of the major challenges with the continuous usage of these drugs. In addition, patients who experience disease progression after treatment with multiple HER2-targeted therapies often have limited treatment options. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved a new TKI (i.e., tucatinib) for use in combination with immunotherapy and/or chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced-stage/metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. This review highlights recent updates on the efficacy of tucatinib-based therapeutic approaches in experimental models as well as in the clinical settings of HER2+ breast cancer.
Methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis protected against dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet in Wistar rats
Authors: Ibukun Osebhahiemen , Omoregie Ehimwenma S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
High-fat diet (HFD) has been linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that medicinal plants have antioxidant properties and may have protective effects against oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia induced by high-fat diet. Chrysophyllum albidum (white star apple) and Irvingia gabonensis (African bush mango) are very useful medicinal plants common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis against dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in Wistar rats promoted by the consumption of HFD as well as characterize active compounds in the extracts. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were assigned into six groups of six animals each and respective groups received normal fat diet (NFD), HFD, HFD + Chrysophyllum albidum (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg), HFD + Irvingia gabonensis (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg) for fifty six days. Dietary intake, body weight, lipid profile and indicators of oxidative stress were measured.

Results
Administration of plant extracts did not change the pattern of food intake of the animals. There was a significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of increase in the body weight of rats treated with plant extracts in comparison with those rats that consumed HFD only. There was significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations in rats fed with HFD only when compared with NFD control and extract treated groups. However, HFD control produced significantly lower (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase than normal control and extract treated groups. Gas chromatography flame ionization detector analysis of these extracts revealed the abundance of kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, myricetin and naringenin and tannic acid.

Conclusions
The observed antioxidant and anti-dyslipidaemic properties of leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and tannic acid.
A retrospective analysis of patients administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with paclitaxel plus carboplatin with oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT) in locally advanced borderline resectable/technically unresectable head and neck cancers.
Authors: Pathak Shruti , Peelay Zoya , Patil Vijay Maruti , Noronha Vanita , Menon Nandini Sharrel , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: July 2022

6030 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TPF though the standard is seldom used in India due to its adverse events rate. Two drug regimen of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin (PC) though favoured has inferior outcomes. Hence, we did an analysis to estimate the efficacy and adverse event rate of addition of 3 drug metronomic schedule to PC. Methods: Patients of locally advanced head and neck cancer referred from multidisciplinary board for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and unsuitable for TPF were selected for this analysis. These patients had received 2 drug regimen of intravenous PC with 3 drug regimen of weekly methotrexate 9 mg per m2, Celecoxib 200 mg twice daily, erlotinib 150 mg once daily all administered orally. All patients underwent a response assessment at 5-7 weeks post start of therapy and we're discussed in MDT for further treatment. Adverse events were recorded in accordance with CTCAE version 4.03 and response in accordance with RECIST version 1.1. PFS and OS were estimated with Kaplan Meier method. Results: 72 patients were identified with the median age being 45 (27-80) and M:F ratio (67:5). The indication for NACT were borderline resectability in all patients.. The response rate was 61.1% and grade 3 and above adverse event rate was 33.5%. A total number of 34 among 40 borderline resectable patients underwent surgery. The overall estimated PFS and OS were 18.5 (95%CI = 14.4-22.7) months and 18.05 (95%CI = 14.2-21.8) months respectively. The three most adverse events observed were grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 2 patients (2.8%), grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) derangement in 4 patients (5.6%) and grade 3 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 4 patients (5.6%). Conclusions: The 5 drug combination regimen is safe, tolerable and seems to have similar efficacy as a three drug TPF regimen.
Trends in Medically Integrated Dispensing Among Oncology Practices
Authors: Kanter Genevieve P. , Parikh Ravi B. , Fisch Michael J. , Debono David , Bekelman Justin , Xu Yao , Schauder Stephanie , Sylwestrzak Gosia , Barron John J. , Cobb Rebecca , Qato Dima M. , Jacobson Mireille 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE: The integration of pharmacies with oncology practices—known as medically integrated dispensing or in-office dispensing—could improve care coordination but may incentivize overprescribing or inappropriate prescribing. Because little is known about this emerging phenomenon, we analyzed historical trends in medically integrated dispensing. METHODS: Annual IQVIA data on oncologists were linked to 2010-2019 National Council for Prescription Drug Programs pharmacy data; data on commercially insured patients diagnosed with any of six common cancer types; and summary data on providers' Medicare billing. We calculated the national prevalence of medically integrated dispensing among community and hospital-based oncologists. We also analyzed the characteristics of the oncologists and patients affected by this care model. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2019, the percentage of oncologists in practices with medically integrated dispensing increased from 12.8% to 32.1%. The share of community oncologists in dispensing practices increased from 7.6% to 28.3%, whereas the share of hospital-based oncologists in dispensing practices increased from 18.3% to 33.4%. Rates of medically integrated dispensing varied considerably across states. Oncologists who dispensed had higher patient volumes ( P < .001) and a smaller share of Medicare beneficiaries ( P < .001) than physicians who did not dispense. Patients treated by dispensing oncologists had higher risk and comorbidity scores ( P < .001) and lived in areas with a higher % Black population ( P < .001) than patients treated by nondispensing oncologists. CONCLUSION: Medically integrated dispensing has increased significantly among oncology practices over the past 10 years. The reach, clinical impact, and economic implications of medically integrated dispensing should be evaluated on an ongoing basis.
Development of Environmentally Friendly Dehydrogenative Oxidation Reactions Using Multifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Jin Xiongjie , Yatabe Takafumi , Suzuki Kosuke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Our design strategies for multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts based on nanosized metal oxides and metal nanoparticles as well as the development of several novel dehydrogenative oxidation reactions unique to these heterogeneous catalysts are summarized in this review article. We established a methodology for the precise design of nanosized crystalline oxides in organic solvents and developed new reactions that can be realized only with heterogeneous catalysts designed by this method; for example, we realized oxidative amidation of primary alcohols and other substrates using O2 and NH3 by using nanocrystalline manganese oxides. We discovered the particular dehydrogenation abilities of Au, Pd, and their binary nanoparticles, and successfully developed several new reactions that effectively utilize them. Using designed supported Au nanoparticle catalysts, we have successfully developed various environmentally benign reactions involving dehydrogenation, such as formal amine oxygenation, cross dehydrogenative coupling, and flavonoid synthesis. Furthermore, dehydrogenative aromatization reactions with H2 production were realized using a Pd nanoparticle-based catalyst design. We believe that the reactions we have developed are environmentally benign and that the results of our research will have substantial practical implications in addition to academic ones, such as providing new methodologies for catalyst design and pioneering new reactions.
The neurological complications after covid-19 in children
Authors: Ziółkiewicz Aleksandra , Więsyk Piotr , Jartych Aleksandra , Żybowska Monika , Cichocka Agnieszka , Rzewuska Anna , Chrościńska-Krawczyk Magdalena 
Published: July 2022

Studies have shown that during the pandemic period, children under 5 years of age accounted for 1.8% of COVID-19 cases. After covid complications are now a major concern and represent a new disease entity known as PIMS and MIS-C. Many studies have been conducted on the pathomechanism of the virus and the clinical manifestations it causes in adults, including neurological complications.
Symptoms are mainly associated with central and peripheral neurological disorders, ranging from mild (headache, fever, cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis and anosmia) to severe (stroke or Guillain-Barré syndrome). Dyspnoea or respiratory failure is seen in approximately 11.7% of young patients. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly occupies the respiratory system, about 10% report gastrointestinal symptoms. CT abnormalities of the chest of children are less frequent and milder than in adults, and include opacities of frosted glass and patchy shadows. In many cases, elevated CK-MB levels have also been noted, indicating possible myocardial damage.
Children and adolescents contribute to an increasing proportion of all Covid-19 cases. It can be due to the emergence of highly infectious variants of the virus. Many drugs have been tried in children both antiviral, antimalarial, corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin or selective cytokine brokers. The only effective method of prophylaxis is two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine given 21 days apart.