bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1062 GAIT SPEED AND EXECUTIVE PERFORMANCE IN PEOPLE WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Dolphin H , Fallon A , McHale C , Dookhy J , Kennelly S P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome has highlighted the link between cognitive and motor performance, and the associated incremental higher risk of developing dementia. There is considerable debate regarding what aspects of cognition (working memory, executive function, attention) are most associated with gait changes. This study investigates the relationship between mobility scores and cognitive profiles in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) specifically with regard to executive performance and amnestic/non-amnestic profiles.

Method
Participants diagnosed with MCI, (Clinical Dementia Rating scale global score of ≤0.5, sum of boxes score ≤ 4.0), attending a regional specialist memory service had a three-meter Timed Up and Go (TUG) gait assessment and multi-domain neuropsychiatric assessment undertaken. Amnestic neuropsychiatric profile was defined as Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) delayed memory subset score &lt; 1SD i.e. ≤16th centile below norm for age/education. Executive function performance was assessed using the Executive Interview (EXIT-25) where higher scores reflect poorer executive performance.

Results
Data was reviewed for 161 patients with MCI; 53% (86/161) women. 80% (129/161) had an amnestic neuropsychiatric profile, mean age 73.8 ± 7.2 (51–94). 20% (32/161) had non-amnestic MCI, mean age 74 ± 7.07 (60–87). There was no significant difference in TUG results between amnestic and non-amnestic MCI patients (11.2 ± 3.3 vs 10.7 ± 3.1 p = NS). There was a significant increase in TUG values with worsening executive function performance [EXIT-25 score 0–9 (88/161) mean TUG = 10.5 ± 3.3 seconds vs EXIT-25 score 10–14 (43/161) mean TUG =11.9 ± 2.8 seconds vs EXIT-25 score 15–25 (30/161) mean TUG = 12.1 ± 3.9 seconds; p = 0.021] which persisted after controlling for age, gender and other relevant cofactors.

Discussion
Reflective of the importance of frontal lobe integration to the respective tasks, subtle differences in gait performance are associated with executive function performance regardless of predominant amnestic or non-amnestic MCI profile.
1077 ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A 7-DAY EXTENDED HOURS NURSE PRACTITIONER LED FRONT-DOOR FRAILTY SERVICE
Authors: Gibson V , Mole K , Chaplin A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Older frail patients have a demonstrable risk of adverse outcomes following attendance to the emergency department (ED), such as functional decline, delirium, institutionalisation, and death.
With an increasing number of frail patients within the population, it is important to have a system of identification of these patients at the ‘front door’; with Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and direction to most appropriate place of care, whilst simultaneously minimising impact on flow within ED departments that are under increasing amounts of pressure.
Northumbria’s Frailty Assessment Service (FAS) operates 7 days a week, 12 hours/day into the ED. It identifies, within an hour of arrival, those frail patients &gt;65 and delivers Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and ‘ward level’ care within 4 hours, using a peripatetic model. It aims to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions and therefore potentially adverse outcomes within this group, whilst minimising impact of flow within the ED, and directs the patients towards the most appropriate place of care.
It is Geriatric Specialist Nurse Practitioner led, with Consultant and MDT support, such that it has a workforce that has been able to increase to match demand over the last few years.
Over the course of 12 months (Jan—Dec 2021), the service saw 3,430 patients. 2,962 patients were planned by ED for admission, and following FAS review, only 1,169 were admitted acutely, demonstrating a reduction in admission rate of 39.5% across the year. 17.2% of patients were seen on a Saturday or Sunday demonstrating the need for a 7-day service. Average time patients spent with FAS within the ED was 1 h12 minutes. The service demonstrates the sustainability and effectiveness of an extended hours, non-Consultant led ‘front door frailty’ service, without significant impact on the flow within the Emergency Department.
Synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone agonist ameliorates the myocardial pathophysiology characteristic of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Dulce Raul A , Kanashiro-Takeuchi Rosemeire M , Takeuchi Lauro M , Salerno Alessandro G , Wanschel Amarylis C B A , Kulandavelu Shathiyah , Balkan Wayne , Zuttion Marilia S S R , Cai Renzhi , Schally Andrew V , Hare Joshua M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo test the hypothesis that the activation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor signalling pathway within the myocardium both prevents and reverses diastolic dysfunction and pathophysiologic features consistent with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Impaired myocardial relaxation, fibrosis, and ventricular stiffness, among other multi-organ morbidities, characterize the phenotype underlying the HFpEF syndrome. Despite the rapidly increasing prevalence of HFpEF, few effective therapies have emerged. Synthetic agonists of the GHRH receptors reduce myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and improve performance in animal models of ischaemic cardiomyopathy, independently of the growth hormone axis.Methods and resultsCD1 mice received 4- or 8-week continuous infusion of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) to generate a phenotype with several features consistent with HFpEF. Mice were administered either vehicle or a potent synthetic agonist of GHRH, MR-356 for 4-weeks beginning concurrently or 4-weeks following the initiation of Ang-II infusion. Ang-II-treated animals exhibited diastolic dysfunction, ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and normal ejection fraction. Cardiomyocytes isolated from these animals exhibited incomplete relaxation, depressed contractile responses, altered myofibrillar protein phosphorylation, and disturbed calcium handling mechanisms (ex vivo). MR-356 both prevented and reversed the development of the pathological phenotype in vivo and ex vivo. Activation of the GHRH receptors increased cAMP and cGMP in cardiomyocytes isolated from control animals but only cAMP in cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting that GHRH-A exert differential effects on cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the GHRH receptor signalling pathway(s) represents a new molecular target to counteract dysfunctional cardiomyocyte relaxation by targeting myofilament phosphorylation and fibrosis. Accordingly, activation of GHRH receptors with potent, synthetic GHRH agonists may provide a novel therapeutic approach to management of the myocardial alterations associated with the HFpEF syndrome.
Immunopotentiation by linking Hsp70 T-cell epitopes to Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev multiepitope construct and increased IFN-gamma secretion in infected lymphocytes
Authors: Akbari Elahe , Ajdary Soheila , Mirabzadeh Ardakani Esmat , Agi Elnaz , Milani Alireza , Seyedinkhorasani Masoud , Khalaj Vahid , Bolhassani Azam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Therapeutic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines can boost the anti-HIV host immunity to control viral replication and eliminate viral reservoirs in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy. In this study, two computationally designed multiepitope Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev and Hsp70-Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev constructs harboring immunogenic and highly conserved HIV T cell epitopes were generated in E. coli as polypeptide vaccine candidates. Furthermore, the multiepitope gag-pol-env-nef-rev and hsp70-gag-pol-env-nef-rev DNA vaccine constructs were prepared and complexed with MPG cell-penetrating peptide. The immunogenicity of the multiepitope constructs were evaluated using the homologous and heterologous prime/boost strategies in mice. Moreover, the secretion of IFN-γ was assessed in infected lymphocytes in vitro. Our data showed that the homologous polypeptide regimens could significantly induce a mixture of IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses, activate T cells to secret IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, and generate Granzyme B. Moreover, IFN-γ secretion was significantly enhanced in single-cycle replicable (SCR) HIV-1 virions-infected splenocytes in these groups compared to uninfected splenocytes. The linkage of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) epitopes to Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev polypeptide in the homologous regimen increased significantly cytokines and Granzyme B levels, and IFN-γ secretion in virions-infected splenocytes. Briefly, both designed constructs in the homologous regimens can be used as a promising vaccine candidate against HIV infection.
Genomes and demographic histories of the endangered Bretschneidera sinensis (Akaniaceae)
Authors: Zhang Han , Du Xin , Dong Congcong , Zheng Zeyu , Mu Wenjie , Zhu Mingjia , Yang Yingbo , Li Xiaojie , Hu Hongyin , Shrestha Nawal , Li Minjie , Yang Yongzhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Bretschneidera sinensis is an endangered relic tree species in the Akaniaceae family and is sporadically distributed in eastern Asia. As opposed to its current narrow and rare distribution, the fossil pollen of B. sinensis has been found to be frequent and widespread in the Northern Hemisphere during the Late Miocene. B. sinensis is also a typical mycorrhizal plant, and its annual seedlings exhibit high mortality rates in absence of mycorrhizal development. The chromosome-level high-quality genome of B. sinensis will help us to more deeply understand the survival and demographic histories of this relic species.

Results
A total of 25.39 Gb HiFi reads and 109.17 Gb Hi-C reads were used to construct the chromosome-level genome of B. sinensis, which is 1.21 Gb in length with the contig N50 of 64.13 Mb and chromosome N50 of 146.54 Mb. The identified transposable elements account for 55.21% of the genome. A total of 45,839 protein-coding genes were predicted in B. sinensis. A lineage-specific whole-genome duplication was detected, and 7,283 lineage-specific expanded gene families with functions related to the specialized endotrophic mycorrhizal adaptation were identified. The historical effective population size (Ne) of B. sinensis was found to oscillate greatly in response to Quaternary climatic changes. The Ne of B. sinensis has decreased rapidly in the recent past, making its extant Ne extremely lower. Our additional evolutionary genomic analyses suggested that the developed mycorrhizal adaption might have been repeatedly disrupted by environmental changes caused by Quaternary climatic oscillations. The environmental changes and an already decreased population size during the Holocene may have led to the current rarity of B. sinensis.

Conclusion
This is a detailed report of the genome sequences for the family Akaniaceae distributed in evergreen forests in eastern Asia. Such a high-quality genomic resource may provide critical clues for comparative genomics studies of this family in the future.
A novel ground truth multispectral image dataset with weight, anthocyanins, and Brix index measures of grape berries tested for its utility in machine learning pipelines
Authors: Navarro Pedro J , Miller Leanne , Díaz-Galián María Victoria , Gila-Navarro Alberto , Aguila Diego J , Egea-Cortines Marcos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The combination of computer vision devices such as multispectral cameras coupled with artificial intelligence has provided a major leap forward in image-based analysis of biological processes. Supervised artificial intelligence algorithms require large ground truth image datasets for model training, which allows to validate or refute research hypotheses and to carry out comparisons between models. However, public datasets of images are scarce and ground truth images are surprisingly few considering the numbers required for training algorithms.

Results
We created a dataset of 1,283 multidimensional arrays, using berries from five different grape varieties. Each array has 37 images of wavelengths between 488.38 and 952.76 nm obtained from single berries. Coupled to each multispectral image, we added a dataset with measurements including, weight, anthocyanin content, and Brix index for each independent grape. Thus, the images have paired measures, creating a ground truth dataset. We tested the dataset with 2 neural network algorithms: multilayer perceptron (MLP) and 3-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN). A perfect (100% accuracy) classification model was fit with either the MLP or 3D-CNN algorithms.

Conclusions
This is the first public dataset of grape ground truth multispectral images. Associated with each multispectral image, there are measures of the weight, anthocyanins, and Brix index. The dataset should be useful to develop deep learning algorithms for classification, dimensionality reduction, regression, and prediction analysis.
An unsupervised learning approach to deblend seismic data from denser shot coverage surveys
Authors: Wang Kunxi , Hu Tianyue , Wang Shangxu 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
The simultaneous source data obtained by simultaneous source acquisition contain crosstalk noise and cannot be directly used in conventional data processing procedures. Therefore, it is necessary to deblend the blended wavefield to obtain the conventionally acquired single-shot recordings. In this study, we propose an iterative inversion method based on the unsupervised deep neural network (UDNN) to deblend the simultaneous source data from a denser shot coverage survey (DSCS). In the common receiver gather (CRG), the coherent effective signals in the blended data of the primary and secondary sources are similar. We exploit the excellent nonlinear optimization capability of the U-net network to extract similar coherent signals from the blended data of the primary and secondary sources by minimizing the total loss function. The proposed UDNN method does not need to use the raw unblended data as label data, which solves the problem of missing label data and is suitable for deblending the simultaneous source data in different work areas with complex underground structures. One synthetic data and one field data examples are used to prove that the proposed method can suppress crosstalk noise and protect weak effective signals effectively, and achieve good effectiveness for the separation of simultaneous source data.
T-spline surface smoothing based on 1-ring neighborhood space angle
Authors: Wang Aizeng , Li Ling , Chang Heng , Zhao Gang , Wang Wei , Yang Jiaming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The prominent properties owned by T-spline, such as flexibility, continuity, local refinement, water tightness, make it extensively applied in Computer Aided Design (CAD)- and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)-integrating scenarios. But the local fairness may dissatisfy in damaged areas or even on the entire surface of industry applications. Under these circumstances, local protrusion and sharp features appeared seriously affect the fairness of T-spline surfaces. Derived from the geometric properties of T-spline control points, we propose a smoothing algorithm based on the 1-ring neighborhood space angle to deal with local abruptions of T-spline surfaces. We also demonstrate the availability of the proposed algorithm through several experiments. Results show that this method is suitable for removing sharp features and smoothing unstructured T-spline surfaces.
NRF1-mediated microglial activation triggers high-altitude cerebral edema
Authors: Wang Xueting , Chen Guijuan , Wan Baolan , Dong Zhangji , Xue Yan , Luo Qianqian , Wang Dan , Lu Yapeng , Zhu Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a potentially fatal encephalopathy associated with a time-dependent exposure to the hypobaric hypoxia of altitude. The formation of HACE is affected by both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema. The over-activated microglia potentiate the damage of blood–brain barrier (BBB) and exacerbate cytotoxic edema. In light with the activation of microglia in HACE, we aimed to investigate whether the over-activated microglia were the key turning point of acute mountain sickness to HACE. In in vivo experiments, by exposing mice to hypobaric hypoxia (7000 m above sea level) to induce HACE model, we found that microglia were activated and migrated to blood vessels. Microglia depletion by PLX5622 obviously relieved brain edema. In in vitro experiments, we found that hypoxia induced cultured microglial activation, leading to the destruction of endothelial tight junction and astrocyte swelling. Up-regulated nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) accelerated pro-inflammatory factors through transcriptional regulation on nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in activated microglia under hypoxia. NRF1 also up-regulated phagocytosis by transcriptional regulation on caveolin-1 (CAV-1) and adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit beta (AP2B1). The present study reveals a new mechanism in HACE: hypoxia over-activates microglia through up-regulation of NRF1, which both induces inflammatory response through transcriptionally activating NF-κB p65 and TFAM, and enhances phagocytic function through up-regulation of CAV-1 and AP2B1; hypoxia-activated microglia destroy the integrity of BBB and release pro-inflammatory factors that eventually induce HACE.
A comparative study reveals the key biological traits causing bioinvasion differences among four alien species of genus Veronica in China
Authors: Liu Yujing , Wu Hairong , Wang Congyan , Cheng Jiliang , Qiang Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The four alien farmland weeds of genus Veronica (i.e. V. arvensis, V. didyma, V. hederifolia and V. persica) have successfully colonized in China, but caused different ecological consequences in the colonized habitats. However, the key biological traits conferring bioinvasion differences under different light conditions among the four alien species of Veronica remain unknown. A comprehensive contrastive analysis experiment was conducted to assess the contribution of the intensity of photosynthetic and sexual and asexual reproductive traits of the four alien Veronica weeds to their invasion level in both field trial and laboratory. The field survey showed that V. persica had the highest invasion level, followed by V. didyma, V. hederifolia and V. arvensis. Their invasiveness was mainly attributed to photosynthetic-related parameters (LMA) and asexual reproduction traits (the ratio of adventitious roots) out of all the 22 tested indexes. The photosynthetic-related and some asexual reproduction indexes from separate determinations under both sun and shade conditions showed that V. persica was able to adapt to strong illumination but was more tolerant of shade than the other species. This adaptive differentiation to illumination conferred different competitiveness over crops on the four alien Veronica weeds by allocating resources to the biomass of each organ in farmland. It may be concluded that the adaptability to illumination conditions and the asexual reproduction traits may endow their successful invasion and become different important farmland weeds.
Heat shock factor HSFA2 fine-tunes resetting of thermomemory via plastidic metalloprotease FtsH6
Authors: Sedaghatmehr Mastoureh , Stüwe Benno , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Balazadeh Salma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plants ‘memorize’ stressful events and protect themselves from future, often more severe, stresses. To maximize growth after stress, plants ‘reset’ or ‘forget’ memories of stressful situations, which requires an intricate balance between stress memory formation and the degree of forgetfulness. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) encodes a small heat shock protein in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana. HSP21 functions as a key component of thermomemory, which requires a sustained elevated level of HSP21 during recovery from heat stress. A heat-induced metalloprotease, filamentation temperature-sensitive H6 (FtsH6), degrades HSP21 to its pre-stress abundance, thereby resetting memory during the recovery phase. The transcription factor heat shock factor A2 (HSFA2) activates downstream genes essential for mounting thermomemory, acting as a positive regulator in the process. Here, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identify HSFA2 as an upstream transactivator of the resetting element FtsH6. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of HSFA2 increases expression of FtsH6, whereas it is drastically reduced in the hsfa2 knockout mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals in planta binding of HSFA2 to the FtsH6 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of HSFA2 improves thermomemory more profoundly in ftsh6 than wild-type plants. Thus, by activating both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes, HSFA2 acts as a cellular homeostasis factor during thermomemory.
Narrating Cross-Border Migration, Writing Subjects without History: On Luis Alberto Urrea’sThe Devil’s Highwayand Francisco Cantú’sThe Line Becomes a River
Authors: Béjar Lara Adolfo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter the techno-militarization of the US-Mexico border, the criminalization of undocumented migration, and the subsequent human rights violations against migrants, writers have been narrating the journeys of migrants across the US-Mexico borderlands as a form of state violence that hinges on notions of rightlessness. Founded on humanitarian discourses, contemporary nonfictional accounts about cross-border migration center their narrative approach on the struggles of migrants from a perspective of economic injustice. Through a reading of Luis Alberto Urrea’s The Devil’s Highway: A True Story (2004) and Francisco Cantú’s The Line Becomes a River: Dispatches from the Border (2018), I argue that, in framing the migrant struggle as a problem of economic injustice, these texts obscure the ongoing dispossession, exploitation, and forcible displacement of historically subordinated populations in the region. In so doing, I urge an alternative approach to think cross-border migration by centering how dispossession, exploitation, and forced displacement are key to understanding longer histories of violence in Latin America and its connections to contemporary undocumented migration to the United States.
The spectroscopy and H-band imaging of Virgo cluster galaxies (SHIVir) survey: data catalogue and kinematic profiles
Authors: Ouellette Nathalie N-Q , Courteau Stéphane , Holtzman Jon A , McDonald Michael , Cappellari Michele , Roediger Joel C , Côté Patrick , Dalcanton Julianne J , Dalla Bontà Elena , Ferrarese Laura , Tully R Brent , Stone Connor , Peng Eric W 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The ‘Spectroscopy and H-band Imaging of Virgo cluster galaxies’ (SHIVir) survey is an optical and near-infrared survey which combines SDSS photometry, deep H-band photometry, and long-slit optical spectroscopy for 190 Virgo cluster galaxies covering all morphological types over the stellar mass range log (M*/M⊙) = 7.8–11.5. We present the spectroscopic sample selection, data reduction, and analysis for this SHIVir sample. We have used and optimized the pPXF routine to extract stellar kinematics from our data. Ultimately, resolved kinematic profiles (rotation curves and velocity dispersion profiles) are available for 133 SHIVir galaxies. A comprehensive data base of photometric and kinematic parameters for the SHIVir sample is presented with grizH magnitudes, effective surface brightnesses, effective and isophotal radii, rotational velocities, velocity dispersions, and stellar and dynamical masses. Parameter distributions highlight some bimodal distributions and possible sample biases. A qualitative study of resolved extended velocity dispersion profiles suggests a link between the so-called ‘sigma-drop’ kinematic profile and the presence of rings in lenticular S0 galaxies. Rising dispersion profiles are linked to early-type spirals or dwarf ellipticals for which a rotational component is significant, whereas peaked profiles are tied to featureless giant ellipticals.