bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life prediction of lithium thionyl chloride batteries based on the pulse load test and accelerated degradation test
Authors: Ye Xuerong , Sun Qisen , Li Wenwen , Zhai Guofu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery is widely used as an important long‐life backup power source. Accurate battery life prediction is essential to ensure the reliability of equipment and systems. In this paper, a novel method was proposed for the life prediction of Li/SOCl2 batteries based on the pulse load test and accelerated degradation test (ADT). The proposed pulse load test method can estimate the primary battery capacity accurately and nondestructively, which solves the challenge of quantifying degradation due to unknown initial values. Furthermore, we noticed a new phenomenon that capacity loss was affected by electrolyte fluidity, and unexpected capacity loss was observed for batteries at different discharge angles. By analyzing the mechanism of this phenomenon, we avoided serious capacity measurement errors in the 24‐week ADT. A life prediction model with a satisfactory ability to approximate the measured data was established depending on the exponential influence of time and temperature on capacity degradation.
Three‐Pronged Attack by Hybrid Nanoplatform Involving MXenes, Upconversion Nanoparticle and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Potent Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Wang Yuanwei , Niu Niu , Huang Yang , Song Shanliang , Tan Hui , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInspired by the excellent photothermal conversion ability and inherent nanomedicine platform property of MXenes, efficient reactive oxygen species production and prominent fluorescence emission feature of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active photosensitizers (PSs), as well as the extending excitation wavelength capability of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a versatile nanoplatform comprised of Ti3C2 nanosheets (NSs), AIE‐active PSs and UCNPs is intelligently fabricated. This three‐pronged strategy takes advantages of each component simultaneously, and realizes fluorescence imaging/photoacoustic imaging/photothermal imaging triple‐modal imaging‐guided photothermal/photodynamic synergetic therapy under 808 nm laser irradiation. The introduction of UCNPs actualizes the long wavelength‐activation of AIE‐active PSs, which significantly increases the tissue penetration depth. Spatially isolation of AIE‐active PSs and Ti3C2 NSs is beneficial for suppressing the fluorescence quenching effect of Ti3C2 NSs, bringing about ultimately brilliant fluorescence. The covalently bonded polymer surface endows the nanoplatform with excellent physiological stability and efficient tumor accumulation. These outputs reveal a win‐win cooperation of multiple inorganic/organic nanocomposites for phototheranostics, and present great potential for future clinical translations.
Expression of tumour transcription factor GLI1 in canine mammary tumours tissue
Authors: Liu Penggang , Lu Yurong , Yang Yang , Chen Xueli , Xiong Wenbing , Sun Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMammary tumor is one of the most common diseases of canine in pet clinics.ObjectivesThis study investigates the distribution and expression of the tumor transcription factor GLI1 and the downstream proteins, Bmi1 and Sox2, in canine mammary tumors and paracancerous tissues.MethodsCancerous and paracancerous normal mammary tissues were detected using western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe results showed that the histopathology of different types in mammary tumors by microscopic observation. GLI1/Bmi1/Sox2 expression was significantly higher in canine mammary invasive carcinoma than in ductal carcinoma and adjacent normal mammary tissues (p < 0.01). The expression of GLI1 in invasive carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than Bmi1 and Sox2, while Sox2 expression in ductal carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than GLI1 and Bmi1 (p < 0.01). GLI1/Bmi1/Sox2 all showed positive reactions in both mammary tumor and adjacent normal mammary tissues with immunohistochemistry. GLI1 and Sox2 showed strong positive staining in the cytoplasm of invasive mammary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma cells, and weak positive staining in the nuclei. The positive Bmi1 reaction was mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm of invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma cells, while the positive reaction on the cell membrane was weak.ConclusionsWe speculate that GLI1 and related proteins play an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of tumors. Therefore, it provides important reference for the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of canine mammary tumor.
The Contested Concept of ‘Integration’
Authors: Spencer Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA fundamental problem in the study of ‘integration’ has been a failure to separate the empirical is from the normative ought: that is, to study what is happening in society separately from implicit assumptions on a desired end-goal. A crucial question, Castles et al. (2014, p. 264) write, concerns how immigrants and their descendants “can become part of receiving societies and nations”. This process, they note, is most commonly referred to as integration, “but this can imply a specific idea of where the process should lead, so we prefer the more neutral term ‘incorporation’”.
Migration Governance
Authors: Geddes Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are perhaps few terms that are used so frequently in the study of migration yet have as little definitional clarity as ‘governance’. This is perhaps not surprising, for, as the political scientist Claus Offe (2009) has observed, governance might best be understood as an ‘empty signifier’. What he meant by this was that governance acquires meaning through the ideas, processes, and practices that become associated with it rather than through a prior independent meaning that it possesses. For example, if migration governance is described as ‘multilevel’, as it often is, then this tells us that it occurs in lots of different places across ‘levels’ (local, national, international), whilst the actual meaning of governance remains unclear. This is a useful observation to take forward for the analysis that follows.
Migration Statistics
Authors: Kraler Albert , Reichel David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we provide a critical appraisal of data collection and statistical data production on migrants and migration, indicators used to identify migrants, and the different uses of migration statistics for political and scientific purposes. We will start off by a brief review of the politics of statistical data and then provide a short review of the history of data collection on migration and international efforts to harmonise migration statistics on the international level. We will then present different ways to measure migration, core concepts, and definitions used to measure migration. In the subsequent section, we will describe different data collection methods and sources used to produce statistics on migration, including possible ‘new’ data sources for measuring migration, often referred to as ‘big data’. In the last section, we will briefly demonstrate different ways of analysing aggregate migration data.
A Future Agenda for Migration Studies
Authors: Pozzo Riccardo , Boubtane Ekrame , D’Albis Hippolyte , Tonegutti Raffaella Greco , Paravati Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMigration and migration-related diversity are likely to remain key topics of the European policy and research agenda for the foreseeable future. This asks for a rethinking of the research agenda on migration, from a strategic perspective as well as from a research perspective. The objective of this chapter is to suggest applications that are useful in shaping the next funding opportunities for migration research, and to provide roadmaps for the optimisation of research efforts in order to avoid overlapping and, where possible, to close the gaps in the global spectrum and national initiatives on migration. Questions such as How to benefit from and get access to available knowledge and expertise? How to promote the accumulation of knowledge and expertise? and How to address gaps in knowledge? have been at the heart of the Horizon 2020 CrossMigration research project and have led to the definition of itsstrategic research agenda. This chapter considers the need for a future agenda on migration studies, addressing methodological issues; what funding to focus on; how funding might be organised; who should be involved in funding (and procedures); and what prospects there are for the future. We will also propose three strategies to consider how an agenda might help provide towards: (1) keeping the road safe for achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in 2030, (2) contrasting current and future pandemic/epidemic disease, and (3) establishing a fruitful dialogue with the African scientific community.
Spinal infection with intraspinal abscess or empyema and acute myelopathy: comparative analysis of diagnostics, therapy, complications and outcome in primary care
Authors: Kreutzträger Martin , Lübstorf Tom , Ekkernkamp Axel , Blex Christian , Schwab Jan M. , Kopp Marcel A. , Auhuber Thomas , Wüstner Grit , Liebscher Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
This study on pyogenic spinal infections with intraspinal epidural involvement (PSI +) compared the outcome of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) to those without (noSCI) taking diagnostic algorithm, therapy, and complications into account.

Methods
Patients were enrolled in an ambispective study (2012–2017). Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, complications, and neurological outcome were analyzed descriptively. Survival was analyzed applying Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression.

Results
In total, 134 patients with a median (IQR) age of 72 (61–79) years were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were similar between the SCI (n = 55) and noSCI (n = 79). A higher percentage of endocarditis (9% vs. 0%; p = 0.03) was detected in the noSCI group. The majority (81%) received combinatorial therapy including spinal surgery and antibiotic treatment. The surgery complication rate was 16%. At discharge, improvement in neurologic function was present in 27% of the SCI patients. Length of stay, duration of ventilation and the burden of disease-associated complications were significantly higher in the SCI group (e.g., urinary tract infection, pressure ulcers). Lethality risk factors were age (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.014), and empyema/abscess extension (≥ 3 infected spinal segments, HR 4.72, 95% CI 1.57–14.20, p = 0.006), dominating over additional effects of Charlson comorbidity index, SCI, and type of treatment. The overall lethality rate was 11%.

Conclusion
PSI + are associated with higher in-hospital mortality, particularly when multiple spinal segments are involved. However, survival is similar with (SCI) or without myelopathy (noSCI). If SCI develops, the rate of disease complications is higher and early specialized SCI care might be substantial to reduce complication rates.
Speciation of inorganic arsenic in aqueous samples using a novel hydride generation microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD)
Authors: Bonacci Mason E. , Almeida M. Inês G. S. , Zhang Yanlin , Kolev Spas D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of the first microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for the speciation of inorganic arsenic in environmental aqueous samples as arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) which implements hydride generation on a paper platform is described. The newly developed µPAD has a 3D configuration and uses Au(III) chloride as the detection reagent. Sodium borohydride is used to generate arsine in the device’s sample zone by reducing As(III) in the presence of hydrochloric acid or both As(III) and As(V) (total inorganic As) in the presence of sulfuric acid. Arsine then diffuses across a hydrophobic porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane into the device’s detection zone where it reduces Au(III) to Au nanoparticles. This results in a color change which can be related to the concentration of As(III) or total inorganic As (i.e., As(III) and As(V)) concentration. Under optimal conditions, the µPAD is characterized by a limit of detection of 0.43 mg L−1 for total inorganic As (As(III) + As(V)) and 0.41 mg L−1 for As(III) and a linear calibration range in both cases of 1.2–8.0 mg As L−1. The newly developed µPAD-based method was validated by applying it to groundwater and freshwater samples and comparing the results with those obtained by conventional atomic spectrometric techniques.
Graphical abstract
On Numerical Approximations of Fractional and Nonlocal Mean Field Games
Authors: Chowdhury Indranil , Ersland Olav , Jakobsen Espen R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe construct numerical approximations for Mean Field Games with fractional or nonlocal diffusions. The schemes are based on semi-Lagrangian approximations of the underlying control problems/games along with dual approximations of the distributions of agents. The methods are monotone, stable, and consistent, and we prove convergence along subsequences for (i) degenerate equations in one space dimension and (ii) nondegenerate equations in arbitrary dimensions. We also give results on full convergence and convergence to classical solutions. Numerical tests are implemented for a range of different nonlocal diffusions and support our analytical findings.
Turbulence characteristics within the atmospheric surface layer of the coastal region of Qatar
Authors: Li Yuan , Sadr Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe atmospheric turbulence characteristics in the coastal region of Qatar are analyzed using the measurements conducted on the shoreline (26.08 N, 51.36 E). The micrometeorological data were collected, from August 2015 to September 2016, using sonic anemometers (20 Hz) at three heights and a weather station atop a 9-m tower. The turbulence characteristics are studied within the framework of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), in the presence of the coastal inhomogeneities generated by the sea and land surfaces coming together. The results show the wind from the north-west prevails during the entire test period, with the wind speed higher than that from other directions. The non-dimensional standard deviations of velocity components are found to be consistent the results reported around the world and match suggested MOST scaling, with a relatively greater value for the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. The flux Richardson number shows a larger scatter under the super-stable and super-unstable regimes. Moreover, the non-dimensional standard deviation of temperature does not align with the suggested model under near-neutral and very stable regimes, and the gradient Richardson number shows some negative values under stable regimes. Two different atmospheric daily stability patterns, ‘orderly’ and ‘disheveled,’ are identified based on the wind conditions. The orderly stability pattern shows a daily descending and ascending trend during the sunrise and sunset periods, respectively, while the disheveled days follow a random pattern with no clear order. The two patterns are then related to the wind continuity and direction relative to the shoreline.
Biomechanical role of cement augmentation in the vibration characteristics of the osteoporotic lumbar spine after lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Wang Qing-Dong , Guo Li-Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnder whole body vibration, how the cement augmentation affects the vibration characteristic of the osteoporotic fusion lumbar spine, complications, and fusion outcomes is unclear. A L1-L5 lumbar spine finite element model was developed to simulate a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) model with bilateral pedicle screws at L4-L5 level, a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement-augmented TLIF model (TLIF-PMMA) and an osteoporotic TLIF model. A 40 N sinusoidal vertical load at 5 Hz and a 400 N preload were utilized to simulate a vertical vibration of the human body and the physiological compression caused by muscle contraction and the weight of human body. The results showed that PMMA cement augmentation may produce a stiffer pedicle screw/rod construct and decrease the risk of adjacent segment disease, subsidence, and rod failure under whole-body vibration(WBV). Cement augmentation might restore the disc height and segmental lordosis and decrease the risk of poor outcomes, but it might also increase the risk of cage failure and prolong the period of lumbar fusion under WBV. The findings may provide new insights for performing lumbar interbody fusion in patients affected by osteoporosis of the lumbar spine.
Developing landscape-scale forest restoration targets that embrace spatial pattern
Authors: Rudge Mitchel L. M. , Levick Shaun R. , Bartolo Renee E. , Erskine Peter D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContextForest restoration plays an important role in global efforts to slow biodiversity loss and mitigate climate change. Vegetation in remnant forests can form striking patterns that relate to ecological processes, but restoration targets tend to overlook spatial pattern. While observations of intact reference ecosystems can help to inform restoration targets, field surveys are ill-equipped to map and quantify spatial pattern at a range of scales, and new approaches are needed.ObjectiveThis review sought to explore practical options for creating landscape-scale forest restoration targets that embrace spatial pattern.MethodsWe assessed how hierarchy theory, satellite remote sensing, landscape pattern analysis, drone-based remote sensing and spatial point pattern analysis could be applied to assess the spatial pattern of reference landscapes and inform forest restoration targets.ResultsHierarchy theory provides an intuitive framework for stratifying landscapes as nested hierarchies of sub-catchments, forest patches and stands of trees. Several publicly available tools can map patches within landscapes, and landscape pattern analysis can be applied to quantify the spatial pattern of these patches. Drones can collect point clouds and orthomosaics at the stand scale, a plethora of software can create maps of individual trees, and spatial point pattern analysis can be applied to quantify the spatial pattern of mapped trees.ConclusionsThis review explored several practical options for producing landscape scale forest restoration targets that embrace spatial pattern. With the decade on ecosystem restoration underway, there is a pressing need to refine and operationalise these ideas.
A Simplified Drying Procedure for Analysing Hg Concentrations
Authors: Smeds Jacob , Öquist Mats , Nilsson Mats B. , Bishop Kevin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMercury (Hg) in peatlands remains a problem of global interest. To mitigate the risks of this neurotoxin, accurate assessments of Hg in peat are needed. Treatment of peat that will be analysed for Hg is, however, not straightforward due to the volatile nature of Hg. The drying process is of particular concern since Hg evasion increases with the temperature. Samples are, therefore, often freeze-dried to limit Hg loss during the drying processes. A problem with freeze-drying is that cost and equipment resources can limit the number of samples analysed in large projects. To avoid this bottleneck, we tested if drying in a 60 °C-degree oven could be an acceptable alternative to freeze-drying. We both freeze-dried and oven-dried (60 °C) 203 replicate pairs of peat samples, and then examined the differences in total Hg concentration. The Hg concentration differed significantly between the two drying methods with a median Hg deficit in oven-dried samples of 4.2%. Whether a 4.2% deficit of Hg depends on one’s purpose. The lower median Hg concentration in oven-dried samples has to be weighed against the upside efficiently drying large sets of peat samples. By freeze-drying a subset of the samples, we fitted a function to correct for Hg loss during oven-drying ($$y=0.96x+0.08)$$

y
=
0.96
x
+
0.08
)

. By applying this correction, the freeze-drying bottleneck could oven-dry large-scale inventories of total Hg in peatlands with results equivalent to freeze-drying, but only have to freeze-dry a subset.
Advancing Health Equity Through Equity-Centered Leadership Development with Interprofessional Healthcare Teams
Authors: Corbie Giselle , Brandert Kathleen , Noble Cheryl C , Henry Ellison , Dave Gaurav , Berthiume Rachel , Green Melissa , Fernandez Claudia S P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Events of spring 2020—the COVID19 pandemic and re-birth of a social justice movement—have thrown disparities in disease risk, morbidity, and mortality in sharp relief. In response, healthcare organizations have shifted attentions and resources towards equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) issues and initiatives like never before. Focused, proven equity-centered skill and mindset development is needed for healthcare professionals to operationalize these pledges and stated aims.

Aim
This article highlights program evaluation results for this Clinical Scholars National Leadership Institute (CSNLI) specific to EDI. We will show that CSNLI imparts the valuable and essential skills to health professionals that are needed to realize health equity through organizational and system change.

Setting
Initial cohort of 29 participants in CSNLI, engaging in the program over 3 years through in-person and distance-based learning offerings and activities.

Program Description
The CSNLI is a 3-year, intensive leadership program that centers EDI skill development across personal, interpersonal, organizational, and systems domains through its design, competencies, and curriculum.

Program Evaluation
A robust evaluation following the Kirkpatrick Model offers analysis of four data collecting activities related to program participants’ EDI learning, behavioral change, and results.

Discussion
Over the course of the program, participants made significant gains in competencies related to equity, diversity, and inclusion. Furthermore, participants demonstrated growth in behavior change and leadership activities in the areas of organizational and system change. Results demonstrate the need to center both leader and leadership development on equity, diversity, and inclusion curriculum to make real change in the US Healthcare System.
Mean Age Theory in Continuous Casting Tundish
Authors: Sheng Dong-Yuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mean age theory is introduced to characterize the mixing performance of tundish based on the spatial distribution of tracer’s mean age. Conventional residence time distribution theory was widely used in the tundish analysis; however, it contains no information of the local mixing states. Based on mean age distribution, melt change efficiency is defined as a performance index to evaluate how quickly the old melt in the tundish can be replaced by the young melt from the ladle. Case studies, divided into three groups, were carried out to test the applicability of the new theory in a single-strand tundish with flow control devices of weir, dam and turbulence inhibitor. The developed mean age model was well validated by comparison with measurement in water model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results using residence time distribution (RTD) model. Mean age model can reduce the computing time to two orders of magnitude less in comparison with conventional transient RTD model, which improves the feasibility of CFD modelling in parameter studies to a broader extent.