bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Aqueous Amination of Carbon Fiber Surfaces for Improved Composite Properties
Authors: Lowe Michael A. , Vlasak Paul , Bank Dave , Baumer Richard 
Published: January 2022

Meeting the global requirements for reduced CO2 emission and increased vehicle fuel economy requires new technology development within the transportation industry. Vehicle lightweighting is a particularly important approach because reducing primary vehicle weight can often enable secondary mass reductions. Broad adoption of composite materials in the automotive industry requires composite development – including resin, fiber, and fiber interphase – and the ability to manufacture components at relevant rates and costs.
As part of a broad effort to develop low-cost carbon fiber-reinforced composites, research at Dow has demonstrated a low-cost aqueous route to electrochemically modify fiber surfaces with amine-based reactive molecules. These functionalized fibers can then provide advantages in material handling and interphase development that enable lower-cost lightweighting solutions. While electrochemical surface treatment of carbon fibers is a mature field, this presentation will provide a demonstrative example of an early stage industrial approach to using electrochemical methods, from small scale concept screening to early-pilot scale material testing.
Characteristics of Pore-Throat in Tight Sandstones of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Northern Tarim Basin
Authors: Lin Tong , Tan Cong , Zhang Xing , Zhao Lei , Wei Hongxing , Wang Lan , Nie Xin , Zeng Xu 
Published: January 2022

In order to clarify the characteristics of pore-throat in tight sandstone reservoirs in the Dibei area of the Kuqa Depression in the Tarim Basin (Northwest China) and to make clear its impact on reservoir quality and productivity, microscopic observation and quantitative analysis of 310 tight sandstones in the Kuqa Depression are carried out by using various methods. Microscopic observation shows that the shapes of the pores are flat, oval, and long-narrow. A great number of throats connect the nanoscale pores in the form of a network. Quantitative analyses including RCMP (rate-controlled mercury penetration), HPMI (high-pressure mercury injection), NA (nitrogen adsorption), and routine and stress-dependent core analysis show that the peak of pores radius ranges from 125 μm to 150 μm, and the throat radius is in the range of 1 μm-4 μm. The throat space accounts for about 2/3 of the total space of the tight sandstones, which is the major storage space for natural gas. The space shape has a great influence on the reservoir seepage capacity, particularly under the condition of overburden pressure. The pores with throat radius greater than 300 nm have free fluid, and they contribute more than 98% of the reservoir permeability. The pore spaces with throat radius among 300 nm-52 nm can release fluids by reservoir stimulation. The pore-throats with

radius
<
52

nm

cannot release the irreducible hydrocarbon fluids. In addition, formation pressure is easy to destroy tight sandstone reservoir. The research results will provide insights into the efficient recovery of natural gas in tight sandstones.
Evaluation of Cardiac Function Characteristics after Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Children and Adults by Echocardiographic Data
Authors: Wu Wenhai , Chen Hongwei , Chen Tianbao 
Published: January 2022

This study was to investigate the value of echocardiographic data in assessing changes in cardiac function before and after transcatheter closure in children and adult patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In this study, 150 patients with isolated PDA treated by cardiac catheterization and transcatheter closure were selected as the study sample. Real-time color Doppler echocardiography was used both after and after operation. The results showed that the left ventricle returned to normal in 75 patients one day after operation, with an average age of

10.95
±
3.27

years; the left ventricle did not return to normal in 10 patients 360 days after operation, with an average age of

64.31
±
7.05

years. Left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) of patients decreased significantly one day after operation and remained at

51.95
±
9.55

mL/m2 and

20.36
±
8.11

mL/m-2, respectively. In summary, echocardiographic data have a high reference value in assessing cardiac function characteristics in children and adult patients with PDA and are worthy of further promotion.
Phase I Trial of Cetuximab, Radiotherapy, and Ipilimumab in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ferris Robert L. , Moskovitz Jessica , Kunning Sheryl , Ruffin Ayana T. , Reeder Carly , Ohr James , Gooding William E. , Kim Seungwon , Karlovits Brian J. , Vignali Dario A.A. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Johnson Jonas T. , Petro Daniel , Heron Dwight E. , Clump David A. , Bruno Tullia C. , Bauman Julie E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Concurrent radiotherapy with cetuximab, an anti-EGFR mAb, is a standard treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4–positive (CTLA-4+) regulatory T cells (Treg) dampen cellular immunity and correlate negatively with clinical outcomes. This phase I study added ipilimumab, an anti–CTLA-4 mAb, to cetuximab-radiotherapy.

Patients and Methods:
A (3 + 3) design was used to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of ipilimumab, added at week 5 for four, every-3-week doses to fixed, standard cetuximab-radiotherapy. Eligible subjects had stage III to IVb, high-risk [human papillomavirus–negative (HPV−)] or intermediate-risk HPV-positive (HPV+)] HNSCC. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as any grade 4 adverse event (AE) except in-field radiation dermatitis or immune-related (ir) AE requiring ≥2 weeks of systemic steroids. Baseline tumor and serial blood specimens were collected for immune correlatives.

Results:
From July 2013 to May 2016, 18 patients enrolled. Two of 6 in cohort 1 (ipilimumab 3 mg/kg) experienced grade 3 dermatologic DLTs, triggering deescalation of ipilimumab to 1 mg/kg. Dose level -1 was expanded to N  =  12 without DLT. irAE included: grade 1, 2, and 3 dermatitis (2, 1, and 3 cases), grade 4 colitis (1), and grade 1 hyperthyroidism (1). Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival were 72% [90% confidence interval (CI), 57–92] and 72% (90% CI, 56–92). High expression of coinhibitory receptors PD1/LAG3/CD39 on baseline tumor-infiltrating Treg was associated with worse DFS (HR = 5.6; 95% CI, 0.83–37.8; P = 0.08).

Conclusions:
The RP2D for ipilimumab plus standard cetuximab–radiotherapy is 1 mg/kg in weeks 5, 8, 11, and 14. The regimen is tolerable and yields acceptable survival without cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Phase I Clinical Trial of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor Decitabine and PARP Inhibitor Talazoparib Combination Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Baer Maria R. , Kogan Aksinija A. , Bentzen Søren M. , Mi Tian , Lapidus Rena G. , Duong Vu H. , Emadi Ashkan , Niyongere Sandrine , O'Connell Casey L. , Youngblood Benjamin A. , Baylin Stephen B. , Rassool Feyruz V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose:Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) unfit for, or resistant to, intensive chemotherapy are often treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). Novel combinations may increase efficacy. In addition to demethylating CpG island gene promoter regions, DNMTis enhance PARP1 recruitment and tight binding to chromatin, preventing PARP-mediated DNA repair, downregulating homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, and sensitizing cells to PARP inhibitor (PARPi). We previously demonstrated DNMTi and PARPi combination efficacy in AML in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report a phase I clinical trial combining the DNMTi decitabine and the PARPi talazoparib in relapsed/refractory AML.Patients and Methods:Decitabine and talazoparib doses were escalated using a 3 + 3 design. Pharmacodynamic studies were performed on cycle 1 days 1 (pretreatment), 5 and 8 blood blasts.Results:Doses were escalated in seven cohorts [25 patients, including 22 previously treated with DNMTi(s)] to a recommended phase II dose combination of decitabine 20 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 or 10 days and talazoparib 1 mg orally daily for 28 days, in 28-day cycles. Grade 3–5 events included fever in 19 patients and lung infections in 15, attributed to AML. Responses included complete remission with incomplete count recovery in two patients (8%) and hematologic improvement in three. Pharmacodynamic studies showed the expected DNA demethylation, increased PARP trapping in chromatin, increased γH2AX foci, and decreased HR activity in responders. γH2AX foci increased significantly with increasing talazoparib doses combined with 20 mg/m2 decitabine.Conclusions:Decitabine/talazoparib combination was well tolerated. Expected pharmacodynamic effects occurred, especially in responders.
Predicting Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence by Combining Population Data and Virtual Cohorts of Patient-Specific Left Atrial Models
Authors: Roney Caroline H. , Sim Iain , Yu Jin , Beach Marianne , Mehta Arihant , Alonso Solis-Lemus Jose , Kotadia Irum , Whitaker John , Corrado Cesare , Razeghi Orod , Vigmond Edward , Narayan Sanjiv M. , O’Neill Mark , Williams Steven E. , Niederer Steven A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Current ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation is suboptimal, and long-term response is challenging to predict. Clinical trials identify bedside properties that provide only modest prediction of long-term response in populations, while patient-specific models in small cohorts primarily explain acute response to ablation. We aimed to predict long-term atrial fibrillation recurrence after ablation in large cohorts, by using machine learning to complement biophysical simulations by encoding more interindividual variability.

Methods:
Patient-specific models were constructed for 100 atrial fibrillation patients (43 paroxysmal, 41 persistent, and 16 long-standing persistent), undergoing first ablation. Patients were followed for 1 year using ambulatory ECG monitoring. Each patient-specific biophysical model combined differing fibrosis patterns, fiber orientation maps, electrical properties, and ablation patterns to capture uncertainty in atrial properties and to test the ability of the tissue to sustain fibrillation. These simulation stress tests of different model variants were postprocessed to calculate atrial fibrillation simulation metrics. Machine learning classifiers were trained to predict atrial fibrillation recurrence using features from the patient history, imaging, and atrial fibrillation simulation metrics.

Results:
We performed 1100 atrial fibrillation ablation simulations across 100 patient-specific models. Models based on simulation stress tests alone showed a maximum accuracy of 0.63 for predicting long-term fibrillation recurrence. Classifiers trained to history, imaging, and simulation stress tests (average 10-fold cross-validation area under the curve, 0.85±0.09; recall, 0.80±0.13; precision, 0.74±0.13) outperformed those trained to history and imaging (area under the curve, 0.66±0.17) or history alone (area under the curve, 0.61±0.14).

Conclusion:
A novel computational pipeline accurately predicted long-term atrial fibrillation recurrence in individual patients by combining outcome data with patient-specific acute simulation response. This technique could help to personalize selection for atrial fibrillation ablation.
Arrhythmic Burden and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiac Implanted Electronic Devices
Authors: Chew Derek S. , Li Zhen , Steinberg Benjamin A. , O’Brien Emily C. , Pritchard Jessica , Bunch T. Jared , Mark Daniel B. , Patel Manesh R. , Nabutovsky Yelena , Greiner Melissa A. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Whether the amount of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients experience conveys important prognostic information beyond that provided by the diagnosis of AF is uncertain. The study objective was to assess the dose-response relationship between device-detected AF burden and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods:
Among patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent cardiac implantable electronic device implantation (2010–2016), Merlin.net remote-monitoring data were linked to Medicare claims to assess the magnitude and strength of the associations between device-based AF burden (defined as a daily percentage of time spent in AF or maximal AF episode duration ascertained at baseline over 30 days) and key cardiovascular outcomes.

Results:

Among 39 710 patients (mean age 77.1±8.7 years, 60.7% male, and a mean CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score 4.9±1.3), all-cause mortality at 1-year increased with baseline AF burden: 8.54% with AF burden 0%, 8.9% with AF burden 0% to 5%, and 10.9% with AF burden 5% to 98% (
P
<0.001) There was also a dose-response relationship between increasing AF burden and all-cause or cardiovascular hospitalization and ischemic stroke. Updating AF burden data every 30 days did not alter the AF burden-prognostic relationships determined from the use of baseline data alone. Results were also consistent when 3-year outcomes were considered and after accounting for the use of oral anticoagulants.

Conclusions:
In paroxysmal AF, there is a clinically relevant dose-response relationship between increasing AF burden and rates of adverse outcomes at 1- and 3-years, including increasing risks of cardiovascular hospitalization, ischemic stroke, and mortality.
U-Shaped Relationship of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Incidence of Total, Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Haibin , Qian Frank , Zuo Yingting , Yuan Jinhuan , Chen Shuohua , Wu Shouling , Wang Anxin 
Published: January 2022

Background:
We aimed to investigate the association between serially measured HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels and stroke risk in a prospective cohort study.

Methods:
We included 96 258 individuals (79.6% men, mean age 51.5 years) without a history of stroke, myocardial infarction, or cancer at baseline from the Kailuan Study, with repeated measurements of HDL-C in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. Cumulatively, averaged HDL-C concentrations were calculated using all available HDL-C measurements before incidence stroke or end of follow-up (December 31, 2017). Incident stroke cases were confirmed by review of medical records and further subclassified into ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic splines were used to examine these associations.

Results:

During a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 5012 incident stroke cases occurred. Restricted cubic splines analysis suggested a U-shaped association between concentrations of cumulatively averaged HDL-C and risk of stroke (
P
nonlinearity
<0.001), with the nadir of risk at 1.29 mmol/L. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, individuals with cumulatively averaged HDL-C ≤1.06 mmol/L or ≥2.05 mmol/L had hazard ratios for total stroke of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.15–1.49) and 1.85 (1.63–2.09) compared with those with HDL-C of 1.26 to 1.39 mmol/L. Corresponding hazard ratios were 1.29 (1.11–1.48) and 1.84 (1.60–2.11) for ischemic stroke and 1.54 (1.12–2.12) and 2.29 (1.73–3.04) for hemorrhagic stroke, respectively.

Conclusions:
Both low and high cumulatively averaged HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Fire-Generated Tornadic Vortices
Authors: Lareau Neil P. , Nauslar Nicholas J. , Bentley Evan , Roberts Matthew , Emmerson Samuel , Brong Brian , Mehle Matthew , Wallman James 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fire-generated tornadic vortices (FGTVs) linked to deep pyroconvection, including pyrocumulonimbi (pyroCbs), are a potentially deadly, yet poorly understood, wildfire hazard. In this study we use radar and satellite observations to examine three FGTV cases during high-impact wildfires during the 2020 fire season in California. We establish that these FGTVs each exhibit tornado-strength anticyclonic rotation, with rotational velocity as strong as 30 m s−1 (60 kt), vortex depths of up to 4.9 km AGL, and pyroCb plume tops as high as 16 km MSL. These data suggest similarities to EF2+ strength tornadoes. Volumetric renderings of vortex and plume morphology reveal two types of vortices: embedded vortices anchored to the fire and residing within high-reflectivity convective columns and shedding vortices that detach from the fire and move downstream. Time-averaged radar data further show that each case exhibits fire-generated mesoscale flow perturbations characterized by flow splitting around the fire’s updraft and pronounced flow reversal in the updraft’s lee. All the FGTVs occur during deep pyroconvection, including pyroCb, suggesting an important role of both fire and cloud processes. The commonalities in plume and vortex morphology provide the basis for a conceptual model describing when, where, and why these FGTVs form.
Criticality in the Shallow-to-Deep Transition of Simulated Tropical Marine Convection
Authors: Powell Scott W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Idealized simulations of tropical, marine convection depict shallow, nonprecipitating cumuli located beneath the 0°C level transitioning into cumulonimbi that reach up to 12 km and higher. The timing of the transition was only weakly related to environmental stability, and 13 of the 15 simulations run with 5 different lapse-rate profiles had rain develop at nearly the same time after model start. The key quantity that apparently controlled deep convective formation was vertical acceleration inside cloudy updrafts between cloud base and the 0°C level. Below a critical value of updraft vertical acceleration, little rainfall occurred. Just as the domain-mean updraft acceleration reached the critical value, the first convection quickly grew to past 12 km altitude. Then, as acceleration increased above the critical value, rain rate averaged in the model domain increased quickly over about a 3-h-long period. The specific value of the critical updraft acceleration depended on how updrafts were defined and in what layer the acceleration was averaged; however, regardless of how criticality was defined, a robust relationship between domain-mean updraft vertical acceleration and rain rate occurred. Positive acceleration of updrafts below the 0°C level was present below 2.75 km and was largest in the 500 m above cloud base. However, the maximum difference between updraft and environmental temperatures occurred between 2 and 3 km. The domain-mean Archimedean buoyancy of updrafts relative to some reference state was a poor predictor for domain-mean rain rate. The exact value of the critical updraft acceleration likely depends on numerous other factors that were not investigated.

Significance Statement
A numerical model is utilized to investigate potential thermodynamic and dynamic quantities related to the growth of cumulus clouds into cumulonimbus clouds over tropical oceans when the atmosphere is sufficiently moist to support rainfall. Archimedean buoyancy alone cannot be used to predict rain rate reliably. Instead the total buoyancy not relative to an arbitrary reference state must be considered. The simulated relationship between total vertical acceleration in updrafts and rain rate was robust. While the processes that control the vertical acceleration remain unclear, our results highlight the importance of observing processes that occur on spatial scales of tens of meters and temporal scales of a few minutes.
A Seesaw Variability in Tropical Cyclone Genesis between the Western North Pacific and the North Atlantic Shaped by Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Bin , Wu Liguang , Luo Jing-Jia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVariabilities in tropical cyclone (TC) activity are commonly interpreted in individual TC basins. We identify an antiphase decadal variation in TC genesis between the western North Pacific (WNP) and North Atlantic (NA). An inactive (active) WNP TC genesis concurs with an enhanced (suppressed) NA TC genesis. We propose that the transbasin TC connection results from a subtropical east–west “relay” teleconnection triggered by Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), involving a chain atmosphere–ocean interaction in the North Pacific. During a negative AMO phase, the tropical NA cooling suppresses local convective heating that further stimulates a descending low-level anticyclonic circulation in the tropical NA and eastern North Pacific as a Rossby wave response, inhibiting the NA TC genesis. Meanwhile, the anomalous southwesterly to the western flank of the anomalous anticyclonic circulation tends to weaken the surface evaporation and warm the SST over the subtropical eastern North Pacific (southwest–northeast-oriented zone from the tropical central Pacific to the subtropical west coast of North America). The SST warming further sustains a cyclonic circulation anomaly over the WNP by local atmosphere–ocean interaction and the Bjerknes feedback, promoting the WNP TC genesis. This transbasin linkage helps us interpret the moderate amplitude of variations in TC genesis frequency in the Northern Hemisphere.
A Multidataset Assessment of Climatic Drivers and Uncertainties of Recent Trends in Evaporative Demand across the Continental United States
Authors: Albano Christine M. , Abatzoglou John T. , McEvoy Daniel J. , Huntington Justin L. , Morton Charles G. , Dettinger Michael D. , Ott Thomas J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreased atmospheric evaporative demand has important implications for humans and ecosystems in water-scarce lands. While temperature plays a significant role in driving evaporative demand and its trend, other climate variables are also influential and their contributions to recent trends in evaporative demand are unknown. We address this gap with an assessment of recent (1980–2020) trends in annual reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and its drivers across the continental United States based on five gridded datasets. In doing so, we characterize the structural uncertainty of ETo trends and decompose the relative influences of temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and humidity. Results highlight large and robust changes in ETo across much of the western United States, centered on the Rio Grande region where ETo increased 135–235 mm during 1980–2020. The largest uncertainties in ETo trends are in the central and eastern United States and surrounding the Upper Colorado River. Trend decomposition highlights the strong and widespread influence of temperature, which contributes to 57% of observed ETo trends, on average. ETo increases are mitigated by increases in specific humidity in non-water-limited regions, while small decreases in specific humidity and increases in wind speed and solar radiation magnify ETo increases across the West. Our results show increases in ETo across the West that are already emerging outside the range of variability observed 20–40 years ago. Our results suggest that twenty-first-century land and water managers need to plan for an already increasing influence of evaporative demand on water availability and wildfire risks.Significance StatementIncreased atmospheric thirst due to climate warming has the potential to decrease water availability and increase wildfire risks in water-scarce regions. Here, we identified how much atmospheric thirst has changed across the continental United States over the past 40 years, what climate variables are driving the change, and how consistent these changes are among five data sources. We found that atmospheric thirst is consistently emerging outside the range experienced in the late twentieth century in some western regions with 57% of the change driven by temperature. Importantly, we demonstrate that increased atmospheric thirst has already become a persistent forcing of western landscapes and water supplies toward drought and will be an essential consideration for land and water management planning going forward.