bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using generative adversarial networks (GAN) to simulate central‐place foraging trajectories
Authors: Roy Amédée , Fablet Ronan , Bertrand Sophie Lanco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Miniature electronic devices have recently enabled ecologists to document relatively large amounts of animal trajectories. Modelling such trajectories may contribute to explaining the mechanisms underlying observed behaviours and to clarifying ecological processes at the scale of the population by simulating multiple trajectories. Existing approaches to animal movement modelling have mainly addressed the first objective, and are often limited when used for simulation purposes. Individual‐based models generally rely on ad hoc formulation and their empirical parametrization lacks generability, while random walks based on mathematically sound statistical inference typically consist of first‐order Markovian models calibrated at the local scale which may lead to overly simplistic description and simulation of animal trajectories.

We investigate a recent deep learning tool—generative adversarial networks (GAN)—to simulate animal trajectories. GANs consist of a pair of deep neural networks that aim to capture the data distribution of some experimental dataset. They enable the generation of new instances of data that share statistical properties. This study aims at identifying relevant deep network architectures to simulate central‐place foraging trajectories, as well as at evaluating GANs drawbacks and benefits over classical methods, such as state‐switching hidden Markov models (HMM).

We demonstrate the outstanding ability of deep convolutional GANs to simulate and to capture medium‐ to large‐scale properties of seabird foraging trajectories. GAN‐derived synthetic trajectories reproduced the Fourier spectral density of observed trajectories better than those simulated using HMMs. However, unlike HMMs, GANs do not adequately capture local‐scale descriptive statistics, such as step speed distributions.

GANs provide a new likelihood‐free approach to calibrate complex stochastic processes and thus open new research avenues for animal movement modelling. We discuss the potential uses of GANs in movement ecology and future developments to better capture local‐scale features. In this context, embedding HMM‐based priors in GAN schemes appears as a promising research direction.
Multimodal neuroimaging of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors and functional connectivity in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Smart Kelly , Worhunsky Patrick D. , Scheinost Dustin , Angarita Gustavo A. , Esterlis Irina , Carson Richard E. , Krystal John H. , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Cosgrove Kelly P. , Hillmer Ansel T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) show altered resting brain connectivity. The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor is an important regulator of synaptic plasticity potentially linked with synchronized brain activity and a target of interest in treating AUD. The goal of this work was to assess potential relationships of brain connectivity at rest with mGlu5 receptor availability in people with AUD at two time points early in abstinence.MethodsForty‐eight image data sets were acquired with a multimodal neuroimaging battery that included resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mGlu5 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracer [18F]FPEB. Participants with AUD (n = 14) were scanned twice, at approximately 1 and 4 weeks after beginning supervised abstinence. [18F]FPEB PET results were published previously. Primary comparisons of fMRI outcomes were performed between the AUD group and healthy controls (HCs;n = 23) and assessed changes over time within the AUD group. Relationships between resting‐state connectivity measures and mGlu5 receptor availability were explored within groups.ResultsCompared to HCs, global functional connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex was higher in the AUD group at 4 weeks of abstinence (p = 0.003), while network‐level functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) was lower (p < 0.04). Exploratory multimodal analyses showed that mGlu5 receptor availability was correlated with global connectivity across all brain regions (HCs,r = 0.41; AUD group at 1 week of abstinence,r = 0.50 and at 4 weeks,r = 0.46; allp < 0.0001). Furthermore, a component of cortical and striatal mGlu5 availability was correlated with connectivity between the DMN and salience networks in HCs (r = 0.60,p = 0.003) but not in the AUD group (p > 0.3).ConclusionsThese preliminary findings of altered global and network connectivity during the first month of abstinence from drinking may reflect the loss of efficient network function, while exploratory relationships with mGlu5 receptor availability suggest a potential glutamatergic relationship with network coherence.
Allergen immunotherapy for asthma prevention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized and non‐randomized controlled studies
Authors: Farraia Mariana , Paciência Inês , Castro Mendes Francisca , Cavaleiro Rufo João , Shamji Mohamed , Agache Ioana , Moreira André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a disease‐modifying treatment for IgE‐mediated diseases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support AIT's potential role in asthma prevention but evidence from non‐randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) and longitudinal observational studies has been poorly addressed. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess clinical data from all study types to evaluate quantitatively the preventive role of AIT in asthma onset.MethodsWe search three databases. Studies were screened, selected and evaluated for quality using risk‐of‐bias (ROB) tools. Data were descriptively summarized and meta‐analysed using random effects. We performed a sensitivity, influence and subgroup analyses. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed.ResultsFrom the 4549 identified studies, 24 (12 RCTs and 12 NRSI) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 18 underwent meta‐analysis. One study was at low ROB, seven had moderate ROB, and 15 were proven of high ROB. Random‐effects analysis showed a significant decrease in the risk of developing asthma following AIT by 25% (RR, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.64–0.88). This effect was not significant in the sensitivity analysis. Publication bias raised concerns, together with the moderate heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 58%). Subgroup analysis showed a remarkable preventive effect of AIT in children (RR, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.53–0.96), when completing 3 years of therapy (RR, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.47–0.88), and in mono‐sensitized patients (RR, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.39–0.61).ConclusionsOur findings support a possible preventive effect of AIT in asthma onset and suggest an enhanced effect when administered in children, mono‐sensitized, and for at least 3 years, independently of allergen type.
Does Horizontal‐Paradigm Aid Weaken the Governance of Recipient Countries? Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Luhao , Hu Xudong , Zhao Zhongxiu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChina's aid has always been an interesting topic in the field of development economics, and the effectiveness of aid is also a controversial subject in the literature. This paper explores the relationship between China's aid and the governance of its recipient countries from 2000 to 2014. We found that, compared with the “vertical paradigm” of traditional donors, China's “horizontal paradigm” has unique features, promoting the governance of recipient countries. We employed a cross‐sectional estimation and panel analysis with several regression methods. While our cross‐sectional findings did not yield robust evidence to support a relationship between Chinese aid and its recipients' governance, our panel data regressions found a significant and positive relationship. The results were robust in a dynamic panel, even after correcting for endogeneity. Thus, China's aid has a positive influence on governance with the inclusion of time series. The relationship was found to vary according to aid types.
Real‐world assessment of the relationship between migraine‐related disability and healthcare costs in the United States
Authors: Harris Linda , L’Italien Gilbert , Kumar Anil , Seelam Prafullakumar , LaVallee Chris , Coric Vladimir , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the associations among migraine disability assessment scores, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; medical visits and pharmacy use) and direct medical costs among people with episodic migraine in a real‐world setting.BackgroundMigraine is a public health concern associated with a substantial economic burden in the United States. However, the association between migraine disability and direct medical costs among people with migraine is unknown.MethodThis retrospective, cohort study used claims and electronic health record data from the Decision Resources Group database. Adults with migraine with or without aura, defined by International Classification of Disease Revision 9 (ICD‐9) or ICD Revision 10 (ICD‐10) codes, and a completed Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) questionnaire from January 2016 to December 2018 were included (chronic migraine codes not included). The associations of MIDAS score with the cost of HCRU for the 6 months after MIDAS assessment were explored. Results were stratified by treatment setting.ResultsAmong 7662 included patients, MIDAS scores were distributed as: 3348 (43.7%; I, little/none), 1107 (14.4%; II, mild), 1225 (16.0%; III, moderate), 893 (11.7%; IVa, severe), and 1089 (14.2%; IVb, very severe). Worsening disability was associated with higher medical costs (adjusted from a multivariable model). In the primary care setting, healthcare visit costs were $206 (95% confidence interval: $144–294) for grade I and $631 ($384–1036) for grade IVb patients; corresponding pharmacy costs were $203 (grade I; $136–301) and $719 (grade IVb; $410–1259). For specialty care (e.g., neurologist), healthcare visits cost $509 ($411–629) for grade I and $885 ($634–1236) for grade IVb patients; corresponding pharmacy costs were $494 (grade I; $378–645) and $1020 (grade IVb; $643–1620).ConclusionHigher levels of migraine‐related disability (MIDAS assessed) are associated with increased HCRU costs among Americans with episodic migraine. Migraine disability assessment could be useful in the development, testing, and prescription of cost‐effective treatments for people with high migraine‐related disability.
Value of pseudopod sign on high‐frequency ultrasound in predicting the pathological invasion of extramammary Paget's disease lesions
Authors: Shan D. , Wu N. , Wang Q. , Ren W. , Zhu A. , Wang L. , Liu Y. , Sun L. , Guo L. , Xu H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundVertical invasion of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is associated with poor prognosis. The usual vertical invasion route is directly downward or along the skin appendages. High‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can be used to measure the EMPD lesion thickness, and visualize the pseudopod extensions due to skin appendage involvement. It is a non‐invasive method for evaluating the extent of vertical invasion in EMPD.ObjectiveTo investigate the value of HFUS in predicting the extent of vertical invasion in EMPD.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 85 patients with EMPD were divided into two groups based on the pathology: invasive EMPD (iEMPD) group (n = 13) andin situEMPD group (n = 72). The clinical and HFUS features of both the groups were analysed. The different types of pseudopodia morphology on HFUS were as follows: no pseudopodia, irregular bottom, small sphere, short strip, long strip, vase shape and nodular convex. These were further stratified into low‐risk and high‐risk levels.ResultsThe clinical features were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in the HFUS features (lesion thickness, lesion shape, bottom shape, layer involvement, pseudopodia morphology and colour Doppler blood flow signal; allP < 0.05). The distribution of the pseudopodia morphology types in thein situEMPD and iEMPD groups was as follows: no pseudopodia, 30/72 and 0/13; irregular bottom, 5/72 and 0/13; small sphere, 5/72 and 0/13; short strip, 21/72 and 0/13; long strip, 8/72 and 3/13; vase shape, 3/72 and 3/13; and nodular convex, 0/72 and 7/13 (P < 0.05 for all). The sensitivity and specificity of high‐risk pseudopodia in identifying iEMPD were 100% and 84.7%, respectively.ConclusionsHigh‐frequency ultrasound provides morphological information regarding EMPD lesions. Risk stratification for pseudopodia can help to distinguish between iEMPD andin situEMPD lesions.
Integrated risk assessment in sago preparation process using fuzzy petri net model
Authors: Selvaraj Poomagal , Ramalingam Sujatha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTapioca starch is one among the staple foods for human, especially in Tamil Nadu, India. The sago pearls can be produced from tapioca starch through a preparation process (PP). During PP failure may occur in the processing unit, and it may affect the quality of sago pearls, which is a major issue in sago industries. Hence, in our study, a risk assessment method based on fuzzy petri net (FPN) is proposed for the assessment of sago PP. FPN is a graphical mathematical modeling, which provides the basis for modeling the systems with uncertain and inadequate information. Evaluation of weights for places and transitions is a major concern in FPN models, to overcome this limitation, this study proposes a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the weights of the places and transitions in FPN. A FPN model for sago processing unit is defined and by using a matrix‐based reasoning algorithm, risk values for various levels and for the entire system is evaluated. Our method is the one of the reliable methods in risk evaluation of the sago mills and production factories.Practical ApplicationsA specific case study on sago manufacturing process in a factory at Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu is adopted to project the significance of the proposed FPN model with FAHP. For evaluation process, risk factors and token value of the risk factors for FPN model are acquired from the experts in the industry. From the evaluated results of the study attained from the proposed models, it is observed that the results are more consistent with the actual condition. Although the results obtained from the proposed are too reliable with the actual condition of the factory, the proposed FPN‐based risk evaluation methodology for the sago manufacturing process offers reasonable support to the Fault diagnosing unit to avoid the failure in the industry.
Cytokines in temporomandibular joint synovial fluid and tissue in relation to inflammation
Authors: Ulmner Mattias , Sugars Rachael , Naimi‐Akbar Aron , Alstergren Per , Lund Bodil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSynovial tissue is known to be the origin of inflammation in joint disease. Despite this, synovial fluid is the main biological specimen of choice in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation and pathology biomarker research. No comparison of TMJ protein content between synovial fluid and synovial tissue has been made.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether cytokine concentrations in synovial fluid can be related to cytokine concentrations in synovial tissue and to analyse correlation of clinical parameters reflecting local inflammation to cytokine concentrations.MethodsSynovial tissue and fluid samples were obtained during the same surgical procedure from a cohort of 101 patients with TMJ disorders. Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) were analysed in the samples and an intraindividual correlation made. Various patient‐specific factors related to TMJ inflammation were associated with the cytokine concentrations in synovial fluid and tissue.ResultsNo correlation between cytokine concentration in synovial fluid and synovial tissue was found, except for IL‐8 (ρ = .284,p = .024). Synovial tissue cytokines correlated strongly to inflammation‐related factors: diagnosis (IL‐1β,p = .001; TNF‐α,p = .000; IL‐10,p = .000), TMJ palpation pain (IL‐1β,p = .024; TNF‐α,p = .025), synovitis score (IL‐1β,p = .015) and subjective TMJ pain (TNF‐α,p = .016). Synovial fluid cytokines showed no significant relations to inflammation.ConclusionsThe investigated cytokine concentrations showed weak correlations between synovial fluid and synovial tissue, besides IL‐8. Synovial tissue appeared to reflect inflammation to a higher extent than synovial fluid. Thus, suggesting that synovial tissue research should complement synovial fluid in future explorations of TMJ pathology and inflammation.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Schatzker Type II Tibial Plateau Fracture with An Isolated Bone Fragment: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Meng , Ma Ruixiang , Yao Gang , Zhu Chen , Chen Guang 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAn isolated bone fragment from the posterolateral tibial plateau retrieved from the patellofemoral compartment is a rarely seen Schatzker type II tibial plateau fracture and is prone to misdiagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this injury mechanism has not been previously described.Case presentationA 63‐year‐old female sustained left knee pain and activity limitation after falling off an electric bicycle. Local hospital ignored the intra‐articular bone fragment and failed to provide effective treatment. This case described an uncommon Schatzker type II tibial plateau fracture with an isolated bone fragment, its physical examination and radiological findings, the potential injury mechanism, and surgical protocol.ConclusionsCombining the physical examination and radiological findings to evaluate the potential injury mechanism is important for developing an appropriate surgical protocol.
A data-directed paradigm for BSM searches: the bump-hunting example
Authors: Volkovich Sergey , De Vito Halevy Federico , Bressler Shikma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose a data-directed paradigm (DDP) to search for new physics. Focusing on the data without using simulations, exclusive selections which exhibit significant deviations from known properties of the standard model can be identified efficiently and marked for further study. Different properties can be exploited with the DDP. Here, the paradigm is demonstrated by combining the promising potential of neural networks (NN) with the common bump-hunting approach. Using the NN, the resource-consuming tasks of background and systematic uncertainty estimation are avoided, allowing rapid testing of many final states with only a minor degradation in the sensitivity to bumps relative to standard analysis methods.
The reheating constraints to natural inflation in Horndeski gravity
Authors: Chien Chen-Hsu , Koh Seoktae , Tumurtushaa Gansukh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor the subclass of Horndeski theory of gravity, we investigate the effects of reheating on the predictions of natural inflation. In the presence of derivative self-interaction of a scalar field and its kinetic coupling to the Einstein tensor, the gravitational friction to inflaton dynamics is enhanced during inflation. As a result, the tensor-to-scalar ratio r is suppressed. We place the observational constraints on a natural inflation model and show that the model is now consistent with the observational data for some plausible range of the model parameter $$\varDelta $$
Δ
, mainly due to the suppressed tensor-to-scalar ratio. To be consistent with the data at the $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

($$68\%$$

68
%

confidence) level, a slightly longer natural inflation with $$N_k\gtrsim 60$$

N
k

≳
60

e-folds, longer than usually assumed, is preferred. Since the duration of inflation, for any specific inflaton potential, is linked to reheating parameters, including the duration $$N_{re}$$

N

re

, temperature $$T_{re}$$

T

re

, and equation-of-state $$\omega _{re}$$

ω

re

parameter during reheating, we imposed the effects of reheating to the inflationary predictions to put further constraints. The results show that reheating consideration impacts the duration of inflation $$N_k$$

N
k

. If reheating occurs instantaneously for which $$N_{re}=0$$

N

re

=
0

and $$\omega _{re}=1/3$$

ω

re

=
1
/
3

, the duration of natural inflation is about $$N_k\simeq 57$$

N
k

≃
57

e-folds, where the exact value is less sensitive to the model parameter $$\varDelta $$
Δ
compatible with the CMB data. The duration of natural inflation is longer (or shorter) than $$N_k\simeq 57$$

N
k

≃
57

e-folds for the equation of state larger (or smaller) than 1/3 hence $$N_{re}\ne 0$$

N

re

≠
0

. The maximum temperature at the end of reheating is $$T_{re}^\text {max}\simeq 3\times 10^{15}$$

T

re

max

≃
3
×

10
15

GeV, which corresponds to the instantaneous reheating. The low reheating temperature, as low as a few MeV, is also possible when $$\omega _{re}$$

ω

re

is closer to 1/3.
Graph Clustering With Graph Capsule Network
Authors: Zhang Xianchao , Mu Jie , Liu Han , Zhang Xiaotong , Zong Linlin , Wang Guanglu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGraph clustering, which aims to partition a set of graphs into groups with similar structures, is a fundamental task in data analysis. With the great advances made by deep learning, deep graph clustering methods have achieved success. However, these methods have two limitations: (1) they learn graph embeddings by a neural language model that fails to effectively express graph properties, and (2) they treat embedding learning and clustering as two isolated processes, so the learned embeddings are unsuitable for the subsequent clustering. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel capsule-based graph clustering (CGC) algorithm to cluster graphs. First, we construct a graph clustering capsule network (GCCN) that introduces capsules to capture graph properties. Second, we design an iterative optimization strategy to alternately update the GCCN parameters and clustering assignment parameters. This strategy leads GCCN to learn cluster-oriented graph embeddings. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves performance superior to that of existing graph clustering algorithms in terms of three standard evaluation metrics: ACC, NMI, and ARI. Moreover, we use visualization results to analyze the effectiveness of the capsules and demonstrate that GCCN can learn cluster-oriented embeddings.