bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental expression of estrogen-related receptor gamma is reduced in fetal growth restriction pregnancies and is mediated by hypoxia
Authors: Zou Zhiyong , Harris Lynda K , Forbes Karen , Heazell Alexander E  P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) describes a fetus which has not achieved its genetic growth potential; it is closely linked to placental dysfunction and uteroplacental hypoxia. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG) is regulated by hypoxia and is highly expressed in the placenta. We hypothesized ESRRG is a regulator of hypoxia-mediated placental dysfunction in FGR pregnancies. Placentas were collected from women delivering appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 14) or FGR (n = 14) infants. Placental explants (n = 15) from uncomplicated pregnancies were cultured for up to 4 days in 21% or 1% O2, or with 200 μM cobalt chloride (CoCl2), or treated with the ESRRG agonists DY131 under different oxygen concentrations. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunochemistry were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of ESRRG and its localization in placental tissue from FGR or AGA pregnancies, and in cultured placental explants. ESRRG mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in FGR placentas, as was mRNA expression of the downstream targets of ESRRG, hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), and cytochrome P-450 (CYP19A1.1). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha protein localized to the nuclei of the cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells in the explants exposed to CoCl2 or 1% O2. Both hypoxia and CoCl2 treatment decreased ESRRG and its downstream genes’ mRNA expression, but not ESRRG protein expression. DY131 increased the expression of ESRRG signaling pathways and prevented abnormal cell turnover induced by hypoxia. These data show that placental ESRRG is hypoxia-sensitive and altered ESRRG-mediated signaling may contribute to hypoxia-induced placental dysfunction in FGR. Furthermore, DY131 could be used as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of placental dysfunction.
Trans-inclusive Sexual Health Questionnaire to Improve Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Care for Transgender Patients: Anatomic Site–Specific STI Prevalence and Screening
Authors: Tordoff Diana M , Dombrowski Julia C , Ramchandani Meena S , Barbee Lindley A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
In 2018, the municipal Sexual Health Clinic in Seattle, implemented trans-inclusive questions about sexual behavior, anatomy, gender-affirming surgeries, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms in the clinic’s computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) to improve care for transgender and nonbinary (TNB) patients.

Methods
We calculated test positivity, the proportion of TNB patient visits that received testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); syphilis; pharyngeal, rectal, and urogenital gonorrhea (GC); and chlamydia (CT) before (5/2016–12/2018) and after (12/2018–2/2020) implementation of new CASI questions, and the proportion of asymptomatic patients who received anatomic site–specific screening based on reported exposures.

Results
There were 434 TNB patients with 489 and 337 clinic visits during each period, respectively. Nonbinary patients assigned male at birth (AMAB) had the highest prevalence of GC (10% pharyngeal, 14% rectal, 12% urogenital). Transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary people AMAB had a high prevalence of rectal CT (10%, 9%, and 13%, respectively) and syphilis (9%, 5%, and 8%). Asymptomatic transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary patients AMAB were more likely to receive extragenital GC/CT screening compared with nonbinary patients assigned female at birth. After implementation of trans-inclusive questions, there was a 33% increase in the number of annual TNB patient visits but no statistically significant increase in HIV/STI testing among TNB patients.

Conclusions
TNB people had a high prevalence of extragenital STIs and syphilis. Implementation of trans-inclusive medical history questions at a clinic that serves cisgender and transgender patients was feasible and important for improving the quality of affirming and inclusive sexual healthcare.
Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score Stratifies Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Patients With Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance
Authors: Mak Lung-Yi , Cheung Ka-Shing , Hui Rex Wan-Hin , Wong Danny Ka-Ho , Fung James , Yuen Man-Fung , Seto Wai-Kay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this prospective study involving 337 chronic hepatitis B patients who achieved spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance (SC), serum enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) before SC was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (hazard ratio 2.588), and ELF &lt;10.8 was associated with &gt;97% reduction in risk of HCC development in patients with age SC ≥ 50 (n = 190).
A chromosome-level genome assembly of the pollinating fig wasp Valisia javana
Authors: Chen Lianfu , Feng Chao , Wang Rong , Nong Xiaojue , Deng Xiaoxia , Chen Xiaoyong , Yu Hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fig wasp has always been thought the species-specific pollinator for their host fig (Moraceae, Ficus) and constitute a model system with its host to study co-evolution and co-speciation. The availability of a high-quality genome will help to further reveal the mechanisms underlying these characteristics. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome for Valisa javana developed by a combination of PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read. The assembled genome size is 296.34 Mb from 13 contigs with a contig N50 length of 26.76 kb. Comparative genomic analysis revealed expanded and positively selected genes related to biological features that aid fig wasps living in syconium of its highly specific host. Protein-coding genes associated with chemosensory, detoxification and venom genes were identified. Several differentially expressed genes in transcriptome data of V. javana between odor-stimulated samples and the controls have been identified in some olfactory signal transduction pathways, e.g. olfactory transduction, cAMP, cGMP-PKG, Calcim, Ras and Rap1. This study provides a valuable genomic resource for a fig wasp, and sheds insight into further revealing the mechanisms underlying their adaptive traits to their hosts in different places and co-speciation with their host.
Clinical significance of myocardial work parameters after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Coisne Augustin , Fourdinier Victor , Lemesle Gilles , Delsart Pascal , Aghezzaf Samy , Lamblin Nicolas , Schurtz Guillaume , Verdier Basile , Ninni Sandro , Delobelle Antoine , Favata Francesco , Garret Camille , Seunes Claire , Coppin Amandine , Donal Erwan , Scotti Andrea , Latib Azeem , Granada Juan F , Bauters Christophe , Montaigne David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the additional prognostic value of myocardial work (MW) parameters following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods and results
Between 2018 and 2020, 244 patients admitted in the cardiac intensive care unit in Lille University Hospital for AMI were included. One-month following AMI, comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed to assess parameters of myocardial function. Patients were then followed for major events (ME): cardiovascular death, heart failure, and unplanned coronary revascularization. At 1-month, half of the population was symptomatic (NYHA ≥ II), and medical therapy was almost optimized (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin 2 receptor blocker in 95.5%, beta-blockers in 96.3%, DAPT in 94.7%, and statins in 97.1%). After a median follow-up of 681 (interquartile range: 538–840) days, ME occurred in 26 patients (10.7%). Patients presenting ME were older (65.5 ± 14.2 vs. 58.1 ± 12.1years, P = 0.005) with a higher prevalence of hypertension (65.4 vs. 36.2%, P = 0.004), more impaired left ventricular (LV) function as assessed by LV ejection fraction (P = 0.07), global longitudinal strain (P = 0.03), or MW parameters [P = 0.01 for global work efficiency (GWE)], and greater LV and left atrium dilatations (P = 0.06 for left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and P = 0.03 for left atrial volume index). After adjustment, GWE was the only TTE parameter independently associated with long-term occurrence of ME (P = 0.02). A GWE value &lt;91% was selected to identify patients at higher ME risk (hazard ratio: 95% confidence interval) = 2.94 (1.36–6.35), P = 0.0041).

Conclusion
Lower GWE at 1 month after AMI is independently associated with higher ME rates. A GWE &lt;91% can improve the post-AMI patient risk stratification.
Conserved function ofDrosophilaFancd2 monoubiquitination in response to double-strand DNA breaks
Authors: Clay Delisa E , Jezuit Erin A , Montague Ruth A , Fox Donald T 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFanconi anemia genes play key roles in metazoan DNA damage responses, and human FA mutations cause numerous disease phenotypes. In human cells, activating monoubiquitination of the Fanconi anemia protein Fancd2 occurs following diverse DNA damage stimuli. Monoubiquitinated Fancd2 forms nuclear foci to recruit additional repair factors. Fancd2 animal models to date have focused on molecular nulls or whole gene knockdown, leaving the specific in vivo role of monoubiquitination unclear. Using a point mutant in a conserved residue, we recently linked Drosophila Fancd2 monoubiquitination to a mitosis-specific DNA double-strand break response. In this context, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate the first animal model of an endogenous mutation in the conserved monoubiquitination site (fancd2K595R). Here, we expand upon our characterization of fancd2K595R. We also introduce and characterize additional Drosophila tools to study fancd2, including new mutant alleles and GFP-tagged rescue transgenes. Using these new reagents, we show the impact of Drosophila Fancd2 on organismal and cell viability, as well as on repair protein localization, in the presence or absence of double-strand breaks. These findings expand our understanding of Fanconi anemia gene function in vivo and provide useful reagents for DNA repair research.
Multimodal Brain MRI of Deep Gray Matter Changes Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Goodyear Bradley G , Heidari Faranak , Ingram Richard J M , Cortese Filomeno , Sharifi Nastaran , Kaplan Gilaad G , Ma Christopher , Panaccione Remo , Sharkey Keith A , Swain Mark G 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral symptoms, including mood disorders, substantially impact the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), even when clinical remission is achieved. Here, we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if IBD is associated with changes in the structure and function of deep gray matter brain regions that regulate and integrate emotional, cognitive, and stress responses.MethodsThirty-five patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) and 32 healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla MRIs to assess volume, neural activity, functional connection strength (connectivity), inflammation, and neurodegeneration of key deep gray matter brain regions (thalamus, caudate, pallidum, putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) involved in emotional, cognitive and stress processing. Associations with sex, presence of pain, disease activity, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration were examined.ResultsSignificantly increased activity and functional connectivity were observed in cognitive and emotional processing brain regions, including parts of the limbic system, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus of IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Inflammatory bowel disease patients exhibited significantly increased volumes of the amygdala and hypothalamus, as well as evidence of neurodegeneration in the putamen and pallidum. Hippocampal neural activity was increased in IBD patients with active disease. The volume of the thalamus was positively correlated with CRP concentration and was increased in females experiencing pain.ConclusionsPatients with IBD exhibit functional and structural changes in the limbic and striatal systems. These changes may be targets for assessing or predicting the response to therapeutic interventions aimed at improving comorbid emotional and cognitive symptoms.
Micelle-Incorporated Liquid Chromatography in the Light of Green Chemistry: An Application for the Quality Control Analysis of Anti-Platelet Fixed-Dose Combinations
Authors: Elsonbaty Ahmed , Hassan Wafaa S , Eissa Maya S , Abdulwahab Sara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Oral anti-platelet agents are the cornerstone of the treatment of multiple cardiovascular diseases and in the long-term prevention of their recurrence.

Objective
In the present work, we report a method based on micellar liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection (MLC/UV), for the simultaneous quantification of combined anti-platelet therapy namely, clopidogrel bisulfate (CPS), aspirin (ASP), together with salicylic acid (SA), in their pharmaceutical dosage form.

Methods
The incorporation of 0.1M polyoxyethylene 23 lauryl ether (Brij-35) as a surfactant into the mobile phase improved solute–mobile phase interaction allowing for minimal organic solvent utilization, enhanced resolution, and rapid analysis (7 min). Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impact caused by our procedures versus previously reported analytical procedures applied in the determination of CPS and ASP. The evaluation was made using the Eco-scale tool.

Results
The results of the developed method indicated the superiority of our procedures in terms of greenness without compromising the quality of performance characteristics. The method was linear in the range of 1–100 µg/mL with limits of detection of 0.28, 0.32, and 0.29 µg/mL for CPS, ASP, and SA, respectively. The developed method can also be utilized to test the purity and the stability of ASP in pharmaceutical formulations through monitoring SA as its main degradation product.

Conclusion
The MLC/UV method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of CPS, ASP together with SA—as a main degradation product of ASP—in their pharmaceutical dosage form

Highlights
The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of clopidogrel bisulfate (CPS), aspirin (ASP), together with salicylic acid (SA), in their pharmaceutical dosage form.
Authority Deriving from Agency of Necessity
Authors: Munday Roderick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes situations in which the law will impose the incidents of agency where one party has acted on behalf of another in the course of an emergency. It explains how the agent elects to act for the benefit of the principal, without prior authority, in order to preserve or protect that property or those interests. It also traces the doctrine of necessity that owes its origins to early practices of mercantile law, particularly to the shipping law. The chapter cites the Roman-law doctrine of negotiorum gestio, which was concerned with rights and liabilities arising out of the unrequested management of another’s affairs. It mentions the case Hawtayne v Bourne, which illustrates the refusal to recognize the rights of those who confer unrequested benefits on others.
Ratification
Authors: Munday Roderick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the doctrine of ratification that is concerned with acts performed without authority by an agent in the name of a principal. It considers ratification as a species of election by which the supposed principal for whom the supposed agent did not have authority chooses between disavowing the transaction and ratifying it. It also discusses how an undisclosed agency is seen to be anomalous because it was never the third party’s intention to contract with the principal. The chapter considers ratification as a unilateral act of will wherein there is no requirement that the principal notify the agent that the ratification has taken place. It mentions the powers of attorney that incorporate ‘ratification clauses’ under which the donor agrees to ratify in advance various acts that the donee of the power may perform.
Types of Bills of Lading
Authors: Girvin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines bills of lading. While it was recognized that the holder of the bill of lading could acquire the property in the goods, it was in the second half of the nineteenth century that the character of the bill of lading as a symbol of the goods was formally recognized. Modern bills of lading are widely recognized as having the following three principal functions: “(a) a receipt by the carrier acknowledging the shipment of the goods on a particular vessel for carriage to a particular destination; (b) a memorandum of the terms of the contract of carriage, which will usually have been concluded before the signing of the document; (c) a document of title to the goods which enables the consignee to take delivery of the goods at their destination or to dispose of them by the indorsement and delivery of the bill of lading.” More broadly, there is a recognition of the leading role that bills of lading play in international trade. The chapter then considers liner bills of lading; straight bills of lading; charterparty bills of lading; freight forwarders’ bills of lading; through (combined transport) bills of lading; and multimodal transport bills of lading.
The Bill of Lading as a Receipt for the Goods Shipped
Authors: Girvin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the bill of lading as a receipt for the goods shipped. The face of a bill of lading contains information about the shipment of goods, including factual information concerning the goods which are received for shipment by the carrier. This includes information as to quantity and weight, any leading marks, and the apparent order and condition of the goods. These statements on the face of the bill of lading are directly relevant to the exercise of the holder’s contractual and other legal rights against sellers of the goods or, indeed, the carrier. The master’s principal responsibility in relation to the bill of lading is to ensure that the information on the face of the bill of lading corresponds to the mate’s receipt. The chapter then considers clauses in bills of lading and indemnities, as well receipt under the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992.
The Bill of Lading as Evidence of the Contract of Carriage
Authors: Girvin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses the bill of lading as evidence of the contract of carriage. Where the contract of carriage is concluded before the bill of lading is issued, the shipowner cannot unilaterally alter the terms of the contract by introducing contradictory written terms in the bill of lading. At most, the written statements on the reverse of the bill of lading should be considered as excellent evidence of the terms of the contract. The normal rule differs when there is a charterparty relationship between a charterer and a shipowner. Where the charterer also holds a bill of lading as the shipper of the goods, the bill of lading is merely a receipt for the goods because all terms of carriage are in the charterparty. So far as third parties are concerned, the matter is clarified by section 2(1) of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992, which provides that the lawful holder has all the rights of suit under the bill of lading ‘as if he had been a party to that contract’.
The Bill of Lading as a Document of Title
Authors: Girvin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses the bill of lading as a document of title. At common law, bills of lading are documents of title to goods. Accordingly, bills of lading in the accepted form can, by endorsement and delivery, or delivery alone, transfer constructive possession in the goods to the holder. The effect of the transfer of constructive possession to the holder is that the holder of the bill of lading is entitled to physical delivery of the goods at the port of destination and the bill can be used as security for a debt. Documents of title also have a limited statutory meaning. Section 1(4) of the Factors Act 1889, which is incorporated, by reference, in section 61(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, provides that ‘the expression “document of title” shall include any bill of lading’. The chapter then looks at the transfer of rights and obligations in bills of lading; the provision under the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992; and spent bills of lading.
Domestic Legislation on Cargo Liability
Authors: Girvin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses domestic legislation on cargo liability. In English law, common carriers, such as masters of general ships, were carriers who exercised a public employment, offering carriage to all persons wishing to use the services offered, whether for the carriage of goods (or of passengers). The general principle, as in Roman law, was that the carrier was liable as an ‘insurer’ of the goods, absolutely responsible for delivering the goods at the destination in like order and condition. Unlike public carriers, private carriers undertake the carriage of goods but do not hold themselves out as exercising a public employment. Usually, the carrier’s obligations arise from his contractual agreement to carry the goods of the shipper and, where for reward, private carriers are bailees and have the ordinary responsibilities of a bailee of the goods. The chapter then looks at the Harter Act of 1893 and legislation in other Commonwealth countries, including the Shipping and Seamen Act 1903 in New Zealand, the Sea-Carriage of Goods Act in Australia, and Canada’s Water-Carriage of Goods Act in 1910.
The Shipper’s Common Law Obligations
Authors: Girvin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the common law obligations of the shippers. Contracts, whether general or specific, including contracts of affreightment, contain agreed (express) terms and may, subject to interpretation, also contain implied terms. Contracts of affreightment are invariably negotiated against a background of custom and commercial usage and are commonly subject to the carriers’ standard terms and conditions of carriage and the mandatory (or contractual) application of an international convention, such as the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules. In the carriage of goods by sea, certain obligations are implied by law and will be incorporated into the contract in the absence of agreement to the contrary. Although there is no formal list of cargoes which may be dangerous, hazardous, or harmful to the carrier’s ship or other cargoes aboard the ship, various statutes recognize that the shipper has certain obligations to the carrier with regard to cargo which is ‘fraught with danger or risk; perilous, hazardous, unsafe; injurious’. The chapter then considers the obligation of shippers to nominate a safe port.
Shipper’s Obligations and Immunities under the Hague, Hague-Visby, and Rotterdam Rules
Authors: Girvin Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies the shipper’s obligations and immunities under the Hague, Hague-Visby, and Rotterdam Rules. The focus of the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules is almost exclusively the rights and immunities of the carrier. By contrast, the shipper’s position is somewhat insignificant. There is no definition and there are only two provisions of the Rules which concern the shipper’s specific duties. The first is Article III, rule 5, which provides that: ‘The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks, number, quantity and weight, as furnished by him, and the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against all loss, damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars. The right of the carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper’. The second is Article IV, rule 6, which contains provisions on the shipment of dangerous cargoes.