bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Telehealth Care for Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Campion Francis , Duffy Lucie , Burgman Aaron , Rojas Ricardo , Sangaralingham Lindsey , Sylvester Peter 
Published: February 2022

Importance: This very large claims data analysis documents widespread adoption of telehealth use by patients with diabetes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, giving us insight into the potential role of telehealth as we enter a stage of “new normal” of healthcare delivery in the U.S.
Objective: The COVID-19 Telehealth Impact Study was designed to describe the natural experiment of telehealth adoption during the pandemic. This focused analysis can assist program development for care of large populations of patients with diabetes.
Design, Setting, Participants: In March 2020, the MITRE Corporation and Mayo Clinic founded the COVID-19 Healthcare Coalition (C19HCC) and Telehealth Impact Study to respond to the pandemic. We report trends using a data set of over 2 billion healthcare claims covering over 50% of private insurance activity in the U.S. (January 2019-March 2021).
Main Outcomes and Measures: We compared rates of telehealth use in the one-year pre and one-year post onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among a population of 8,339,633 patients with diabetes.
Results: Compared to a baseline of very low telehealth use in 2019, there was rapid adoption of telehealth by patients with diabetes in Spring 2020. 27% of diabetics used telehealth in Q2 2020 and use rates declined in the ensuing months to approximately 13%. Diabetics and their providers used telehealth to address a wide variety of health problems. 77% of telehealth visits addressed diabetes, 53% hypertension and over 40% of visits addressed mental and behavioral health diagnoses. Audio-only (telephone visits) accounted for a substantial portion of telehealth encounters (10.0- 16.3%) and will be an important consideration for future telehealth planning. Over the course of the first 12 months of the pandemic, 98% diabetics who used telehealth used 4 or fewer telehealth visit.
Conclusions and Relevance:
We believe that telehealth will quickly become a best practice for routine care of patients with diabetes and other chronic conditions. Telehealth interactions 2-4 times per year supplemented with remote monitoring for glucose, blood pressure and weight have the potential to greatly enhance patient care. Further research will be needed to measure the telehealth impact on glycemic control, patient satisfaction and other outcomes. We encourage CMS and other payers to embrace and promote use of telehealth based on this real-world experience of patients and providers during the pandemic.
Immunotherapeutic treatments for spinal and peripheral nerve tumors: a primer
Authors: Bryant Jean-Paul , Lu Victor M. , Govindarajan Vaidya , Perez-Roman Roberto J. , Levi Allan D. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE
Spinal and peripheral nerve tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite the current standard of care. Immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic option to improve the prognoses of these tumors. Therefore, the authors sought to present an updated and unifying review on the use of immunotherapy in treating tumors of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, including a discussion on mechanism of action, drug delivery, current treatment techniques, and preclinical and clinical studies.

METHODS
Current data in the literature regarding immunotherapy were collated and summarized. Targeted tumors included primary and secondary spinal tumors, as well as peripheral nerve tumors.

RESULTS
Four primary modalities of immunotherapy (CAR T cell, monoclonal antibody, viral, and cytokine) have been reported to target spine and peripheral nerve tumors. Of the primary spinal tumors, spinal cord astrocytomas had the most preclinical evidence supporting immunotherapy success with CAR T-cell therapy targeting the H3K27M mutation, whereas spinal schwannomas and ependymomas had the most evidence reported for monoclonal antibody therapy preclinically. Of the secondary spinal tumors, primary CNS lymphomas demonstrated some clinical response to immunotherapy, whereas multiple myeloma and bone tumor experiences with immunotherapy were largely limited to concept only. Within peripheral nerve tumors, the use of immunotherapy to treat neurofibromas in the setting of syndromes has been suggested in theory, and possible immunotherapeutic targets have been identified in malignant peripheral nerve tumors. To date, there have been 2 clinical trials involving spine tumors and 2 clinical trials involving peripheral nerve tumors that have reported results, all of which are promising but require validation.

CONCLUSIONS
Immunotherapy to treat spinal and peripheral nerve tumors has become an emerging area of research and interest. A large amount of preclinical data supporting the translation of this therapy into practice, aimed at ameliorating the poor prognoses of specific tumors, have been reported. Future clinical studies for translation will focus on the optimal therapy type and administration route to best target these tumors, which often preclude total surgical resection given their proximity to the neural and vascular elements of the spine.
Electrical Transport and Current Conduction Mechanisms in ZnO/Si Heterojunction Diode
Authors: Benhaliliba M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The objective of this research is the relevant equations of electrical transport inside a junction device based on metallic oxides like zinc oxides retained on silicon substrate by spray pyrolysis process. Many characteristics, such as the heterojunction diode's non-ideal conduct, electronic conduction of electrons and gaps in the conduction and valence bands, charge carriers caught by trap centers, hopping conduction, and tunnel effect, are used in various conduction processes at electronic junctions. Poole-Frenkel (PF) emission, Schottky emissions, and trap aided tunneling are some of the other conduction mechanisms examined inside forward/reverse bias for ZnO/Si heterojunctions (TAT). This article also confirms, addresses, and elucidates the effect of temperature on the I-V properties of ZnO/Si.
https://ecee.colorado.edu/~bart/book/book/chapter3/ch3_9.htm
Una mirada a la transparencia informativa institucional a través de los Social Media
Authors: Gutiérrez Brito Jesús , Callejo Gallego Manuel Javier , Agudo Arroyo Yolanda 
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo es parte de una investigación empírica que tiene por objeto explorar la participación ciudadana en la consecución de la transparencia informativa institucional a través de los social media. A partir de un estudio de corte cualitativo, utilizando grupos de discusión, se indaga y analiza la existencia de una “transparencia receptora” fundamentada en los presupuestos de una fenomenología del ámbito escópico y la concepción de la mirada que formula la teoría lacaniana. Las conclusiones del trabajo discuten y matizan la idea genérica que relaciona indefectiblemente el grado creciente de accesibilidad a la información con la producción efectiva de transparencia en la ciudadanía, especialmente si se tiene en cuenta las deficiencias en las que incurre el emisor al comunicar información inaccesible y/o limitada desde el punto de vista del receptor. Sobre este particular, el trabajo platea una tipología de transparencias informativas y en especial la emergencia de una “transparencia verosímil” vinculada al papel activo del ciudadano cuando la información a la que accede es incoherente o no cumple cabalmente con la información que se demanda.
Evaluating dose distributions of normal organs for patients undergoing VMAT therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using Rando phantom and TLD-100H
Authors: Chen Yun-Chih , Lin Hung-Chih , Lai Wei-Hou , Hung Hung-Chang , Tseng Hsien-Chun , Chen Chien-Yi 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The routine radiation therapy treatment planning does not include secondary radiation and peripheral doses resulting from radiotherapy exposure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) using an linear accelerator (linac) of Axesse (Elekta 2538). OBJECTIVE: VMAT has a better dose conformity of the tumor and is also operated by adjusting the shapes of mulileaf collimator. However, such treatment is potentially important to improve the accuracy of estimated health risks. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the equivalent dose of organ or tissue (DT) and effective dose (E) for normal organs using the Alderson Rando phantom as an equivalent of the human body. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H) were calibrated by 6 MV X-ray originated by the linac. A total of 252 TLDs were used. These TLDs were inserted into phantom organ or tissue which closely approximated to these places. RESULTS: The thyroid dose (D𝑡ℎ𝑦) had the highest dose, 1840 ± 202 mSv/treatment. The E of the Rando was 7.11 ± 0.61 mSv/treatment, as estimated using ICRP 103. The skin doses (D𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛) varied significantly outside the treatment field and decreased as the distance from the treatment field increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study can be referred to practical guidance regarding radiation protections of the public.
Effect of hydroxyapatite bioceramics on the growth of osteoblasts and HIF-α/VEGF signal axis in partial hypoxia environment in vitro
Authors: Liu Yanyi , Gan Zekun , Hu Fei 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite bioceramic is a kind of bone implant commonly used in oral clinic treatment. In the early stage of tissue repair, cells will suffer hypoxic due to the interruption of blood supply. OBJECTIVE: Studying the expression of osteoblasts in hypoxic environment will help us to understand the expression and response mechanism of osteoblasts at the implantation site of hydroxyapatite in the early stage of hypoxia. METHODS: MG63 osteoblast cell line was used in this study. The cells of normal group were incubated under normal oxygen and hydroxyapatite ceramics condition. The cells of hypoxia group were incubated under hypoxia (37∘C, 8% CO2, 8% O2, 86% N2) and hydroxyapatite ceramics condition. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured by ALP kit. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the cells of hypoxia group showed a dramatically higher proliferation ability, especially at 48 h (P< 0.05). Due to hypoxia, cell apoptosis was induced, but there is no difference between these two groups. Interestingly, the ALP activity of hypoxia group was higher than that of normal group at 24 h and 48 h (P< 0.05). Mechanically, western blot result showed that the protein level of both HIF-α and VEGF were up-regulated in hypoxia group. CONCLUSIONS: Under hypoxia condition, hydroxyapatite bioceramics can promote the proliferation of MG63 osteoblasts, elevate the activity of alkaline phosphatase and upregulate HIF-α and VEGF expression without effect on apoptosis.
Applying the N-isopropylacrylamide gel dosimeter to quantify dynamic dose effects: A feasibility study
Authors: Sun Jung-Chang , Hsieh Bor-Tsung , Hsieh Chih-Ming , Tsang Yuk-Wah , Cheng Kai-Yuan 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The gel dosimeter is a chemical as well as a relative dosimeter. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) gel dosimeter to observe the dynamic dose effects and quantification of the respiration, and to help determine the safety margins. METHODS: The NIPAM gel dosimeter combined with the dynamic phantom was used to simulate radiotherapy of lung or upper abdominal tumor. The field set to 4 × 5 cm2, simulate respiratory rate of 4 sec/cycle, and motion range 2 cm. MRI was used for reading, and MATLAB was used for analysis. The 3%/3 mm gamma passing rate > 95% was used as a clinical basis for evaluation. RESULTS: The dynamic dose curve was compared with 4 × 5, 4 × 4, 4 × 3 cm2 TPS, and gamma passing rates were 74.32%, 54.83%, 30.18%. Gamma mapping demonstrated that the highest dose region was similar to the result of the 4 × 4 cm2 TPS. After appropriate selection and comparing that the ⩾ 60% part of the dose curve with TPS, the gamma passing rate was 96.49%. CONCLUSIONS: Using the NIPAM gel dosimeter with dynamic phantom to simulate organ motion during respiration for dynamic dose measurement and quantified the dynamic dose effect is feasible. The results are consistent with clinical evaluation standards.
Cost analysis of botulinum therapy of spastic forms of cerebral palsy in Ukraine
Authors: Соловйов С. О. , Назар О. В. , Лелека М. В. 
Published: February 2022

Cerebral palsy (CP) represents a group of disorders of the mechanisms of movement and body position, causing limitations of activity, which are caused by non-progressive damage to the developing brain, fetus or child. About 80% of cases are spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Along with motor rehabilitation, the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered one of the main methods of treatment of choice for focal spastic and dystonic syndromes, regardless of their etiology. At present, there are no studies in Ukraine on the analysis of the costs of using drugs based on BoNT-A, taking into account the recommended dose and frequency of administration.
The aim of the work. Carrying out an analysis of minimizing the cost of botulinum therapy for spastic forms of cerebral palsy in patients aged two years and older.
The annual dosage and frequency of administration of abobotulotoxin and onabotolutoxin for the treatment of dynamic equinus deformity of the foot caused by focal spasticity due to cerebral palsy in children over two years of age were obtained from the instructions for use. The cost of abobotulotoxin and onabotolutoxin was obtained from the Register of Wholesale Prices of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.
Cost analysis for a model cohort of children in different weight categories showed that abobotulotoxin 500 U will be the least expensive treatment technology in the weight category of 21–33 kg at a dosage of 15 U/kg in the treatment of diplegia. Abobotulotoxin 300 U is most rationally used in weight categories 10–20 kg and 34–40 kg with a dosage of 15 U/kg in the treatment of hemiplegia and in the weight category 17–20 kg with a dosage of 30 U/kg in the treatment of diplegia. Weight categories were identified in which the costs of using abobotulotoxin 300 U and abobotulotoxin 500 U were equal to and less than the costs of onabotolutoxin treatment.
The study was the first to analyze the cost of botulinum therapy, which identified the benefits of abobotulotoxin in the symptomatic treatment of hemiplegia and diplegia in cerebral palsy in the focus of different weight groups of children. Possible variability in the dosage and frequency of administration of onabotolutoxin per year indicates the relevance of collecting additional information on the application in real clinical practice and further pharmacoeconomic studies.
A tömeges nyílt online kurzusok lehetőségei és kihívásai Magyarországon
Authors: Kutasi Gábor , Berde Éva 
Published: February 2022

A 2010-es évek során a tömeges nyílt online kurzusok (massive open online courses, MOOC) piaca óriási mennyiségi ugráson ment keresztül mind a hallgatói létszám, mind a meghirdetett kurzusok tekintetében, miközben az ezeket meghirdető oktatási intézmények és platformok piaci pozíciója a koncentráció irányába mozdult el piacszerkezeti sajátosságok miatt. Ezt az ágazati robbanást a magyarhoz hasonlóan világszinten kis nyelvi kultúrkörben oktató intézmények a partvonalról nézhették végig, megpróbálkozva a kis létszámú online képzésekkel. Az elmúlt évtized nemcsak mennyiségben, hanem a szolgáltatás szerkezetében is hozott változásokat, ami lehetővé teszi, hogy a hazai intézményeknek lehetősége legyen és meg is érje becsatlakozni a tömeges kurzusokat szervező platformokba és konzorciumokba. A tanulmány a piacszerkezeti modellezés talaján állva elemzi az online oktatás világpiacának alakulását és a magyar felsőoktatási intézmények által e területen érzékelhető üzleti veszélyeit és lehetőségeit.
FOOTBALL PLAYER MARKET VALUE: APAKAH USIA PEMAIN BERPERAN DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA PASAR?
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui pengaruh usia sebagai variabel moderasi dalam memperkuat pengaruh player position, performance, contract left and fee dan FIFA EA Sport rating terhadap football player market value pada pemain dalam 20 klub paling berniai di dunia. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data sekundar yang didapat dari transfermarkt.co.id, whoschored.com, dan www.ea.com. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pemain yang termasuk dalam 20 klub paling bernilai di dunia dan memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Adapun kriteria yang dijadikan sampel adalah nilai performance ≥ 6.68 FIFA EA Sport rating ≥ 78 dan sisa kontrak pemain > 1 tahun, sehingga diketahui jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 126 pemain. Metode analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dan regresi dengan pendekatan moderated regression analysis (MRA) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS statistics versi 22. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa player position, performance, contract left and fee dan FIFA EA Sport rating berpengaruh positif terhadap football player market value. Serta usia memperkuat pengaruh contract left and fee terhadap football player market value dan usia tidak memperkuat pengaruh player position, performance dan FIFA EA Sport rating terhadap football player market value. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan tidak bisa fokus pada liga atau kompetisi klub atau negara. Serta variabel penelitian yang masih dapat ditemukan lagi selain variabel yang diteliti. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat memperluas populasi dan sampel penelitian serta fokus pada liga suatu negara atau kompetisi Eropa serta Dunia baik klub atau negara. Serta dapat menambah variabel independen lain.
Stage 1 Registered Report. Interventions for improving the design and conduct of scientific research: A scoping review
Authors: Mott Andrew , McDaid Catriona , Hewitt Catherine , Kirkham Jamie J 
Published: February 2022

Background Research waste is prevalent in many scientific fields despite a number of initiatives to improve research practices. Interventions to improve practice are often implemented without evaluating their effectiveness. It is therefore important to identify the interventions that have been evaluated, assess how they have been evaluated and to identify areas where further research is required. Objectives A scoping review will be undertaken to assess what interventions, aimed at researchers or research teams, to improve research design and conduct have been evaluated. This review will also consider when in the research pathway these interventions are implemented; what aspects of research design or conduct are being targeted; and who is implementing these interventions. Methods Interventions which aim to improve the design or conduct of research will be eligible for inclusion. The review will not include interventions aimed at hypothetical research projects or interventions implemented without evaluation. The following sources will be searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, HMIC, EconLit, Social Policy and Practice, ProQuest theses, and MetaArXiv. Hand searching of references and citations of included studies will also be undertaken. Searches will be limited to articles published in the last 10 years. Data extraction will be completed using a data extraction template developed for this review. Results will be tabulated by type of intervention, research stage, and outcome. A narrative review will also be provided addressing each of the objectives.
Aplicação de seminário com avaliação por pares: uma proposta de metodologia ativa no ensino de ciências anos finais
Authors: Fagundes Laidines Seibel , Sepel Lenira Maria Nunes 
Published: February 2022

Esta pesquisa apresenta o relato de uma investigação, de um conjunto de transposição didáticas envolvendo a aplicação de uma apresentação oral em formato de seminário no ensino de ciências do ensino fundamental, em uma turma de nono ano com o objetivo de investigar como os alunos organizam e produzem apresentações orais com o apoio de ferramentas multimídia e como os estudantes avaliam a apresentação desses trabalhos apresentados pelos seus pares com a temática eletricidade. As metodologias ativas são capazes de integrar conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais, para desenvolver competências e o desenvolvimento integral do estudante colocando-o como protagonista, dessa forma, o seminário revelou a possibilidade de criação de um contexto de aprendizagem, que se caracteriza como uma metodologia ativa. Os estudantes foram desafiados a buscar informações, construir e expressar o conhecimento sobre o tema eletricidade. Aliada à metodologia ativa utilizada neste estudo, verificou-se que os estudantes com essa atividade aprenderam a conhecer, aprenderam a fazer, aprenderam a viver juntos e aprenderam a ser.
Protective Effect of Minocycline Hydrochloride on the Mouse Embryonic Development Against Suboptimal Environment
Authors: Hou Xiaojing , Cai Changming , He Yuanlin , An Shiyu , Zhao Shuqin , Sun Hao , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2022

Numerous studies have reported how inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) was determined during the process of early mouse embryonic development from zygotes into organized blastocysts, however, multiple mysteries still remain. It is noteworthy that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which are derived from embryos at different developmental stages, have identical developmental potential and molecular characteristics to their counterpart embryos. Advances of PSCs research may provide us a distinctive perspective of deciphering embryonic development mechanism. Minocycline hydrochloride (MiH), a critical component for maintaining medium of novel type of extended pluripotent stem cells, which possesses developmental potential similar to both ICM and TE, can be substituted with genetic disruption ofParp1in our previous study. ThoughParp1-deficient mouse ESCs are more susceptible to differentiate into trophoblast derivatives, what role of MiH plays in mouse preimplantation embryonic development is still a subject of concern. Here, by incubating mouse zygotes in a medium containing MiH till 100 h after fertilization, we found that MiH could slow down embryonic developmental kinetics during cleavage stage without impairing blastocyst formation potential. Olaparib and Talazoparib, two FDA approved PARP1 inhibitors, exhibited similar effects on mouse embryos, indicating the aforementioned effects of MiH were through inhibiting of PARP1. Besides, we showed an embryonic protective role of MiH against suboptimal environment including long term exposure to external environment and H2O2 treatment, which could mimic inevitable manipulation during embryo culture procedures in clinical IVF laboratory. To our knowledge, it is not only for the first time to study MiH in the field of embryo development, but also for the first time to propose MiH as a protective supplement for embryo culture, giving the way to more studies on exploring the multiple molecular mechanisms on embryonic development that might be useful in assisted reproductive technology.