bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful weaning of a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia under prolonged midazolam sedation using morphine
Authors: Kunimasa Kei , Ohashi Yoshifumi , Okawa Megumi , Iida Hiroshi , Sonoda Shunji , Hiuge Yuki , Hachimine Masaaki , Yamamura Ai , Kawamura Takahisa , Inoue Takako , Tamiya Motohiro , Kuhara Hanako , Nishino Kazumi , Nakamoto Naoki , Kumagai Toru , Tanigami Hironobu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread around the world. In April 2021, Japan experienced a fourth wave of COVID-19 infections, which led to the breakdown of the medical system. Osaka, Japan, was particularly affected, with many severe cases and the highest number of COVID-19-associated deaths in Japan. Herein, we present a patient with severe COVID-19 infection who received prolonged midazolam (MDZ) treatment since propofol was not available due to shortage of medical resources. Moreover, the duration of mechanical ventilation was extended due to the development of a pneumothorax. When MDZ tapering was initiated, tachypnea was observed, which resulted failure in ventilator weaning. However, the use of continuous morphine infusion led a successful weaning off the ventilator. We suggest that the administration of morphine may allow for a smoother weaning process for some patients with severe COVID-19 infection.
Acute bilateral suppurative parotitis following treatment of acute decompensated heart failure with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
Authors: Yasuoka Kenta , Sai Seika , Tsukahara Nana , Machiki Kenji , Yamanouchi Takayoshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a case of acute bilateral suppurative parotitis in an elderly patient with acute heart failure who was hospitalized and treated with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. In this case, sepsis due to infection occurred, leading to severe illness.
Chyloperitoneum due to gastric carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Pinto J C , Oliveira S , Duarte L , Ferreira M , Marques C , Casimiro C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chyloperitoneum is a rare manifestation of gastric carcinoma, generally occurring late in the course of the disease with a poor prognosis. We report an unusual case of chyloperitoneum in a patient with gastric carcinoma. A 61-year-old male patient presented with postprandial fullness, nausea and weight loss. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a stenosing lesion of the esophagogastric junction. A biopsy was made and revealed a signet-ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma. The staging CT scan showed multiple abdominal lymphadenopathies and mild ascites. The patient underwent a staging laparoscopy that revealed a large carcinoma of the gastric cardia and a milky-appearing peritoneal fluid. A peritoneal washing and abdominal drainage were performed. The fluid analysis showed a high concentration of triglycerides, compatible with a chyloperitoneum. The patient started medium chain triglycerides-based diet with good response. This case report emphasizes that chyloperitoneum should be considered when assessing patients with gastric carcinoma.
Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gall bladder neck and lymph node surrounding cystic duct identified during cholecystectomy for chronic calculous cholecystitis: a rare case report from Syria
Authors: Al-janabi Moatasem Hussein , Ismail Leen , Wassouf Marah Yousef , Sulaiman Jamal , Salloum Rabab , Al-shehabi Zuheir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Heterotopic pancreas is a congenital anomaly defined as the presence of the pancreatic tissue outside its normal location, which is usually discovered incidentally. We describe a rare case of heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the neck and the node surrounding the cystic duct of the gallbladder. A 33-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain aggravated after fat meals. The diagnosis was made as chronic cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Pathologic examination showed a lobulated nodule connected to the cystic duct. Microscopically, this node consisted of all components of pancreatic tissue. Localization of heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder is exceedingly rare. Less than 40 cases of heterotopic pancreas in the gallbladder have been reported worldwide. The ectopic pancreas is an extraordinary congenital entity. Although pancreatic tissue in the lymph node is an exceptional finding, pathologists should be aware of it because it may be confused with tumor or metastasis.
Du Bois, Social Theory, and Agency
Authors: Go Julian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Du Bois’s thinking on agency and how it fits into the larger landscape of social theory regarding action and practice. Covering his early work at the turn of the twentieth century through his later work on Black Reconstruction and other writings, the chapter shows that Du Bois offers four related but analytically separable conceptualizations of agency: (1) agency as social action, (2) agency as the creative use of structures in the face of oppressive conditions, (3) agency as independent free will that countervails social laws, and (4) agency as the action of subaltern actors that alters the course of historical events. Each of these reflects the distinct historical context of its emergence and the wider scholarly and political debates in which Du Bois was engaged. They stand as important contributions to social theories of action.
Tradition and Adaptation in Russian Folk Art
Authors: Hilton Alison 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objects made for the Russian peasant household reflect the customs, beliefs, and resources of each region. Decoration of the dwelling (izba), implements such as distaffs, and festive clothing accompanied religious rituals and social life; and their designs often shared the rhythms of folk music and dance. Peasant families engaged in weaving, woodwork, and pottery for their own use or for trade, while specialists handled architectural carving and other complex crafts. The interdependence of peasant villages, gentry estates, and markets near monasteries and towns affected the evolution of all folk arts. This chapter describes the main forms and materials, the sources and meanings of designs, and the variations that show artists’ adaptations to historical events and social change. The relationships among elements of folk culture and concepts of national identity continue to stimulate research and creative responses. What one folk artist described as an elastic “thread of tradition,” the merging of individual creativity with a sense of regional and national culture, is essential to the cumulative originality of folk art.
Indigenous Perspectives on Disability
Authors: Rivas Velarde Minerva 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The way Indigenous persons perceive disability has profound social, economic, and political implications. The most influential models of disability, however, have failed to engage with common experiences of social oppression, ongoing colonization, and ontologies of disability from the perspective of Indigenous persons with disabilities. This chapter explores the emerging scholarship on disability in Spanish, English, and French and from both low- and high-income countries on the intersectionality of indigeneity and disability. It examines the theoretical and methodological shortcomings in what are currently the most influential disability models, namely the literature on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), the social model of disability, and relational model of disability, in relation to Indigenous persons with disabilities. This chapter incorporates the growing body of academic and green literature documenting the marginalization of Indigenous persons with disabilities. It also examines the emerging literature on Indigenous views of disability. Insights from this analysis will be useful for exploring how agency in Indigenous communities can be better represented and will expand on the conceptualization of social and political participation on the basis of specific Indigenous issues. The chapter concludes with an analysis of recent international advocacy initiatives such as the Indigenous Persons with Disabilities Global Network (IPWDGN) and activities on the framework of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues within the United Nations system.
The Religious Landscape and Its Architecture in Contemporary Europe
Authors: Fernández-Cobián Esteban 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the contemporary religious landscape in Europe and the architecture that defines it. In a continent historically divided along several lines of friction, the last of them—the Iron Curtain footprint—is taken as basis for structuring the chapter. Three phenomena that deserve independent analysis are examined: the decline of religion in Western Europe, the emergence of religiosity in Eastern Europe, and the relationship between religious architecture and mass population movements, both forced and voluntary. The study of these three aspects of contemporary Europe raises questions about the specific ways religion is lived in Europe, about the reuse of religious heritage, the survival of national identity through architecture, and the capacity of social interaction to define new cultural landscapes.
Visualizing Himalayan Buddhist Sacred Sites in 3D/VR
Authors: Leve Lauren , Erickson Bradley Charles 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Much has been written about the value of spatial approaches to the study of religion and about the importance of attending to material objects that locate religion for culturally positioned practitioners in specific places and times. This chapter explores the use of digital space for religious studies pedagogy and as the grounds for community-engaged scholarship. It describes a project, begun in 2018, of creating 360-degree videos and 3D models of Buddhist sacred sites and objects in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal that could be accessed online and also become the basis for immersive experiences using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices. In partnership with diverse Himalayan Buddhist stakeholders to create new representations, the project goal is to use technology to challenge misperceptions of Buddhism that reproduce colonial knowledge hierarchies by identifying Buddhism with philosophy and texts, revealing it instead as an embodied, emplaced, dynamic material tradition.
National Treasures versus Alien Species
Authors: Ambros Barbara R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter employs multispecies ethnography to investigate how permeable religious spaces in Japan have become focal points in assessing the ecological and cultural health of a nation facing external threats embodied by invasive raccoons. It first traces the history of North American raccoons in Japan, from cute cartoon character and desirable pet in the late 1970s to proverbial trash animal—a despised pest and proscribed alien species. Then, it analyzes how ideas about national identity, pitting an alien species against national treasures, have shaped the contemporary discourse in Japanese news media and scientific studies of the raccoon damage to temples and shrines. The situation with raccoons provides insight into the shifting cultural meanings and vulnerabilities of religious spaces. In this case, temple and shrine precincts have served as a metaphor for the nation and cultural heritage; their spaces, a barometer to measure the alien threat.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation coils
Authors: Ilmoniemi Risto J. , Deng Zhi-De , Gomez Luis , Koponen Lari M. , Nieminen Jaakko O. , Peterchev Angel V. , Epstein Charles M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many different types of TMS coils have been proposed and implemented, but all share certain common features. The induced electric field is always maximum in the superficial parts of the brain, nearest the coil, and attenuates toward the center of the head. Power requirements are high. Design tradeoffs are present between specific coil features including focality, relative penetration, size, weight, efficiency, heating, and noise. Because of the high voltages and currents involved, electrical safety, cooling, and the need for hearing protection must always be considered. Special situations such as placebo stimulation, small animal studies, and stimulation inside MRI systems generally require coils designed specifically for these applications.
Associations of a family history of lupus with the risks of lupus and major psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives
Authors: Lin P -C , Liang C -S , Tsai C -K , Tsai S -J , Chen T -J , Bai Y -M , Chen M -H 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Background
Genetic factors link psychiatric disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Additionally, maternal SLE is a risk factor for long-term developmental problems, particularly learning disabilities, attention disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and speech disorders, in children.

Aim
We aimed to determine whether first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with SLE have increased risks of SLE and major psychiatric disorders.

Design and methods
Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we recruited 40 462 FDRs of patients with SLE as well as 161 848 matched controls. The risks of major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, OCD, MDD, ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were assessed.

Results
The FDRs of patients with SLE had higher risks of SLE (reported as the adjusted relative risk and 95% confidence interval: 14.54; 12.19–17.34), MDD (1.23; 1.12–1.34), ADHD (1.60; 1.55–1.65), OCD (1.41; 1.14–1.74) and bipolar disorder (1.18; 1.01–1.38) compared with controls. Specifically, male FDRs of patients with SLE had higher risks of SLE and bipolar disorder, whereas female FDRs of patients with SLE had higher risks of MDD and OCD. Differences in the familial relationship (i.e. parents, children, siblings and twins) were consistently associated with higher risks of these disorders compared with controls.

Conclusions
The FDRs of patients with SLE had higher risks of SLE, MDD, ADHD, OCD and bipolar disorder than the controls.
Genetic contributions to female gout and hyperuricaemia using genome-wide association study and polygenic risk score analyses
Authors: Lin Chien-Yu , Chang Ya-Sian , Liu Ting-Yuan , Huang Chung-Ming , Chung Chin-Chun , Chen Yu-Chia , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Chang Jan-Gowth , Chang Shun-Jen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To identify genetic variants and polygenic risk score (PRS) relating to female gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia (AH) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Methods
Gout, AH and normouricemia controls were included from Taiwan biobank and China Medical University Hospital. All participants were divided into discovery and replication cohorts for GWAS. PRS was estimated according to whether the variant exhibited a protective effect on the phenotypes or not. Each cohort was separated into two groups by the age of 50 years old.

Results
A total of 59 472 females were enrolled, and gout and AH occupied 1.60% and 19.59%, respectively. Six variants located in genes SLC2A9, C5orf22, CNTNAP2 and GLRX5 were significantly predictors of female gout in those aged ≥50. For those aged &lt;50 years old, only the variant rs147750368 (SPANXN1) on chromosome X was found. Most variants located in genes SLC2A9, ZNF518B, PKD2 and ABCG2 were found to be significantly related to AH in both age groups. The PRS could explain ∼0.59% to 0.89% of variance of gout in variants with protective effects, which showed 6.2 times of mean PRS in the risk variants, but only 1.2 times in the AH phenotype. Moreover, the PRS also revealed a dose-response trend between AH rates and quartile scores.

Conclusion
The variants in gene SLC2A9 are the major genetic factors for females associated with gout in those aged ≥50. PRS can provide a more robust prediction of the gout/AH under a homogeneous selection of variants that show effects on the traits.
Effect of Intranasal Oxytocin on Resting-state Effective Connectivity in Schizophrenia
Authors: Korann Vittal , Jacob Arpitha , Lu Bonian , Devi Priyanka , Thonse Umesh , Nagendra Bhargavi , Maria Chacko Dona , Dey Avyarthana , Padmanabha Anantha , Shivakumar Venkataram , Dawn Bharath Rose , Kumar Vijay , Varambally Shivarama , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Deshpande Gopikrishna , Rao Naren P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Evidence from several lines of research suggests the critical role of neuropeptide oxytocin in social cognition and social behavior. Though a few studies have examined the effect of oxytocin on clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, the underlying neurobiological changes are underexamined. Hence, in this study, we examined the effect of oxytocin on the brain’s effective connectivity in schizophrenia.

Methods
31 male patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 21 healthy male volunteers (HV) underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging scans with intra-nasal oxytocin (24 IU) and placebo administered in counterbalanced order. We conducted a whole-brain effective connectivity analysis using a multivariate vector autoregressive granger causality model. We performed a conjunction analysis to control for spurious changes and canonical correlation analysis between changes in connectivity and clinical and demographic variables.

Results
Three connections, sourced from the left caudate survived the FDR correction threshold with the conjunction analysis; connections to the left supplementary motor area, left precentral gyrus, and left frontal inferior triangular gyrus. At baseline, SCZ patients had significantly weaker connectivity from caudate to these three regions. Oxytocin, but not placebo, significantly increased the strength of connectivity in these connections. Better cognitive insight and lower negative symptoms were associated with a greater increase in connectivity with oxytocin.

Conclusions
These findings provide a preliminary mechanistic understanding of the effect of oxytocin on brain connectivity in schizophrenia. The study findings provide the rationale to examine the potential utility of oxytocin for social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Concept Analysis of Systems Thinking in the Context of Interprofessional Practice and Improved Patient Outcomes
Authors: Merriam Deborah , Wiggs Carol , Provencio Robyn , Goldschmidt Karen , Bonnett Pamela , Valazza Veronica , Brodhead Josette , Scardaville Debra , Stalter Ann 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this study was to explore the definition and application of systems thinking (ST) in interprofessional practice and improved patient outcomes.

BACKGROUND
Nurse educators need a universal definition of ST to implement in curricula to foster quality and safety while enhancing outcomes for nursing students.

METHOD
The QSEN RN-BSN Task Force used the hybrid model of concept analysis to identify the process of fostering ST in clinical and didactic learning experiences and how ST changed over time from the perspective of educators.

RESULTS
The definition of ST in the context of interprofessional practice and outcomes was “a dynamic, analytical process that looks at complex patterns, relationships, and connections within elements and structures, resulting in the ability to recognize the whole picture.”

CONCLUSION
The concept of ST in the context of interprofessional practice and improved patient outcomes may be integrated within nursing curricula.
Adaptive Hearing Aid Benefit in Children With Mild/Moderate Hearing Loss: A Registered, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Stewart Hannah J. , Cash Erin K. , Pinkl Joseph , Nakeva von Mentzer Cecilia , Lin Li , Hunter Lisa L. , Moore David R. ,   the CCHMC Division of Audiology
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
We completed a registered double-blind randomized control trial to compare acclimatization to two hearing aid fitting algorithms by experienced pediatric hearing aid users with mild to moderate hearing loss. We hypothesized that extended use (up to 13 months) of an adaptive algorithm with integrated directionality and noise reduction, OpenSound Navigator (OSN), would result in improved performance on auditory, cognitive, academic, and caregiver- or self-report measures compared with a control, omnidirectional algorithm (OMNI).

Design:
Forty children aged 6 to 13 years with mild to moderate/severe symmetric sensorineural hearing loss completed this study. They were all experienced hearing aid users and were recruited through the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Division of Audiology. The children were divided into 20 pairs based on similarity of age (within 1 year) and hearing loss (level and configuration). Individuals from each pair were randomly assigned to either an OSN (experimental) or OMNI (control) fitting algorithm group. Each child completed an audiology evaluation, hearing aid fitting using physically identical Oticon OPN hearing aids, follow-up audiological appointment, and 2 research visits up to 13 months apart. Research visit outcome measures covered speech perception (in quiet and in noise), novel grammar and word learning, cognition, academic ability, and caregiver report of listening behaviors. Analysis of outcome differences between visits, groups, ages, conditions and their interactions used linear mixed models. Between 22 and 39 children provided useable data for each task.

Results:
Children using the experimental (OSN) algorithm did not show any significant performance differences on the outcome measures compared with those using the control (OMNI) algorithm. Overall performance of all children in the study increased across the duration of the trial on word repetition in noise, sentence repetition in quiet, and caregivers’ assessment of hearing ability. There was a significant negative relationship between age at first hearing aid use, final Reading and Mathematical ability, and caregiver rated speech hearing. A significant positive relationship was found between daily hearing aid use and study-long change in performance on the Flanker test of inhibitory control and attention. Logged daily use of hearing aids related to caregiver rated spatial hearing. All results controlled for age at testing/evaluation and false discovery rate.

Conclusions:
Use of the experimental (OSN) algorithm neither enhanced nor reduced performance on auditory, cognitive, academic or caregiver report measures compared with the control (OMNI) algorithm. However, prolonged hearing aid use led to benefits in hearing, academic skills, attention, and caregiver evaluation.
Osteoporosis epidemiology using international cohorts
Authors: Lorentzon Mattias , Abrahamsen Bo 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
To provide an update on the most important new cohort studies within osteoporosis and their bearing on clinical management and directions for future research.

Recent findings
We identified a collection of new observational cohort studies - including new reports from already established large cohorts - and intervention studies providing new insights into osteoporosis pathophysiology, risk finding, intervention, and treatment barriers.

Summary
Recent cohort studies in osteoporosis highlight the importance of timely identification and treatment of people who are at high risk of suffering osteoporotic fractures. Physical performance is a strong indicator of fracture risk and one that is tightly linked to a number of chronic conditions, not least inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Advances in case finding may involve opportunistic screening for low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and vertebral fractures of radiology images obtained for other purposes, polygenic risk scores, and routinely collected medication and comorbidity information.