bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusion system for studying dynamic metabolomics in rat brain slices exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation using proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Molska Alicja , Hill Deborah K. , Andreassen Trygve , Widerøe Marius 
Published: January 2022

The aim of the current study was to establish a controlled and reproducible model to study metabolic changes during oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat brain using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐compatible perfusion system. Rat brains were cut into 400‐μm thick slices and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in a 10‐mm NMR tube inside a 600‐MHz NMR spectrometer. Four experimental conditions were tested: (1) continuous perfusion with aCSF with glucose and normoxia, and (2) 30‐, (3) 60‐, or (4) 120‐min periods of OGD followed by reperfusion of aCSF containing glucose and normoxia. The energetic state of perfused brain slices was measured using phosphorus (31P) NMR and metabolite changes were measured using proton (1H) NMR. aCSF samples were collected every 30 min and analyzed using 1H NMR. The sample temperature was maintained at 36.7 ± 0.1°C and was checked periodically throughout the experiments. Brain slice histology was compared before and after OGD in the perfusion system using hematoxylin–eosin–saffron staining. NMR data clearly distinguished three severity groups (mild, moderate, and severe) after 30, 60, and 120 min of OGD, respectively, compared with the control group. 31P NMR spectra obtained from controls showed that phosphocreatine levels were stable for 5 h inside the perfusion system. Control 1H NMR spectra showed that lactate, N‐acetylaspartic acid, glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and creatine metabolite levels were stable over time, with lactate levels having a tendency to gradually increase due to the recirculation of the aCSF in the perfusion system. A controlled and reproducible perfusion system was established to study the energetic and metabolic changes in rat brain slices during and after OGD of varying severity.
A continuation method for computing the multilinear PageRank
Authors: Bucci Alberto , Poloni Federico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe multilinear PageRank model [Gleich et al., SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl, 2015;36(4):1507–41] is a tensor‐based generalization of the PageRank model. Its computation requires solving a system of polynomial equations that contains a parameter . For , this computation remains a challenging problem, especially since the solution may be nonunique. Extrapolation strategies that start from smaller values of and “follow” the solution by slowly increasing this parameter have been suggested; however, there are known cases where these strategies fail, because a globally continuous solution curve cannot be defined as a function of . In this article, we improve on this idea, by employing a predictor‐corrector continuation algorithm based on a more general representation of the solutions as a curve in . We prove several global properties of this curve that ensure the good behavior of the algorithm, and we show in our numerical experiments that this method is significantly more reliable than the existing alternatives.
Interference compensation discrete control based on memory data for a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Ma Chong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, in order to solve the interference compensation control problem of a class of nonlinear systems, we propose a method based on memory data to suppress interference greatly. Firstly, the continuous time model of nonlinear system is discretized to obtain the discrete model of the system, then, which is simplified by zero‐order hold. On this basis, the interference at the previous moment is calculated by using the system states measured and stored at the previous moment, which is added to the systems input to compensate for the interference at the current moment. Finally, the simulation results show that our method has a good inhibitory effect on interference, and the attenuation rate of interference is more than 98.
Enhanced antifouling and flux performances of a composite membrane via incorporating TiO2 functionalized with hydrophilic groups of L‐cysteine for nanofiltration
Authors: Gholami Foad , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar , Zinadini Sirus , Rittmann Bruce E. , Torres Cesar I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new TiO2 nanoparticle modified via L‐cysteine is presented in this study. The L‐cysteine (cys) modified TiO2 nanomaterials impact as membrane modifier was examined in terms of pure water flux, hydrophilicity, morphology, and resistance ability. The mixed matrix membranes morphology investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle measurement, porosity and pore size and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Membrane hydrophilicity and permeation flux were notably improved by introducing TiO2‐cys nanomaterials to the membrane matrix. The SEM image indicated the expanded finger‐like pores for the modified membranes comparing to the bare polyethersulfone (PES). The obtained AFM image exhibited lower surface roughness parameters for the modified membranes. In case of prepared membranes assessment, dye removal capability using the direct red‐16 and real liquorice wastewater were examined. The results confirmed that the modified membranes indicated high‐ranking dye rejection ability (more than 98% for direct red‐16 and 90% for real liquorice wastewater) comparing to the bare membrane (86 ± 2.58%). The antifouling tests were run based on milk powder (1000 mg/L) filtration and the best antifouling performance was obtained for 0.5 wt% of TiO2‐cys membrane (flux recovery ratio = 90.57 ± 2.71%, Rir = 9.43 ± 0.28%). Also, the results showed high potential of TiO2‐cys nanomaterials for membrane hydrophilicity enhancement.
Controlling the shape of the molecular weight distribution for tailored tensile and rheological properties in thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: Rosenbloom Stephanie I. , Hsu Jesse H. , Fors Brett P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers compose roughly 80 percent of all polymeric materials manufactured today and play an important role in numerous sectors of modern society. While the effects of molecular weight and dispersity (Ð) on the tensile and rheological properties of these materials are well‐known, only recent studies have evidenced the profound influence of the shape of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) on polymer properties. This development is largely due to the emergence of new synthetic strategies to control higher moments of the MWD. In this Perspective, we describe recent advancements by our group in understanding the effect of MWD shape on the mechanical and rheological properties of thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers. We highlight means to exploit MWD shape for improved processability and performance and discuss future directions in this field.
Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 2 is associated with severity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Arvidsson Mattias , Ahmed Abdulla , Säleby Joanna , Hesselstrand Roger , Rådegran Göran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening disease characterized by vasoconstriction and remodeling of the pulmonary vessels. Risk stratification in PAH could potentially be improved by including novel biomarkers related to PAH pathobiology. We aimed to investigate the relationship between extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related proteins, survival, and European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) risk stratification scores in patients with PAH. Plasma samples and hemodynamics were collected from PAH patients during right heart catheterizations at diagnosis (n = 48) and early follow‐up, after treatment initiation (n = 33). Plasma levels of 14 ECM‐related proteins, with altered levels in PAH compared to healthy controls, were analyzed with proximity extension assays, and related to hemodynamics, transplant‐free survival time, and ESC/ERS risk score. Glypican‐1 levels were higher before versus after treatment initiation (p = 0.048). PAH patients with high plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ‐2, MMP‐7, MMP‐9, MMP‐12, perlecan, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP‐4) at baseline, had worse transplant‐free survival (p < 0.03) than patients with low levels. Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was for MMP‐2 1.126 (1.011–1.255), perlecan 1.0099 (1.0004–1.0196), and TIMP‐4 1.037 (1.003–1.071) in age and sex‐adjusted Cox‐regression model. MMP‐2 correlated with ESC/ERS risk scores (rs = 0.34, p = 0.019), mean right atrial pressure (rs = 0.44, p = 0.002), NT‐proBNP (rs = 0.49, p ≤ 0.001), and six‐minute walking distance (rs = −0.34, p = 0.02). The present study indicates that high levels of MMP‐2, perlecan, and TIMP‐4 are associated with poor survival in PAH. High plasma MMP‐2, correlated with poor prognosis in PAH. Further validation in larger studies is needed to better determine this association.
Teachers' and school leaders' sensemaking of formal achievement data: A conceptual review
Authors: Goffin Evelyn , Janssen Rianne , Vanhoof Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFormal achievement data such as test scores and school performance feedback from standardised assessments can be a powerful tool for data‐based decision making and school improvement. However, teachers’ and school leaders’ usage of these data is not necessarily straightforward or predictable. In order to illuminate how educational professionals engage with data in their daily practice, from their own subjective backgrounds and within their own contexts, data use researchers increasingly adopt a sensemaking perspective. Sensemaking, a theoretical construct grounded in psychological and organisational scholarship, offers a framework and a vocabulary to explain how cues such as educational output data are processed in real‐life educational settings. As such, sensemaking research sheds light on reasons why educational professionals’ use of these formal achievement data may deviate from normative expectations. The present study is a conceptual review of how sensemaking is conceived and applied in literature on educational professionals’ use of formal achievement data. In total, 25 empirical and theoretical studies were selected and subjected to thematic analysis. Findings include that sensemaking is used as a lens to study data use, as well as a label for interpretive micro‐processes of data analysis and interpretation, and that formal achievement data can be regarded as sensemaking resources. An integrated conceptual framework on educational professionals’ sensemaking of formal achievement data is presented, including a discussion of critical insights that may inspire future research on data‐based decision making in education.
Sampled‐data stabilization for switched nonlinear systems under state‐dependent switching signal
Authors: Li Shi , Wu Yifei , Xiang Zhengrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, a new sampled‐data stabilization scheme is proposed for switched nonlinear systems in which all subsystems may be unstabilizable. A state‐dependent switching condition is derived and a controller is constructed by using only sampled information. It is proven that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable under the developed state‐dependent switching strategy. Finally, the proposed scheme is applied to a switched induction heater circuit system and a numerical example is provided to verify its effectiveness.
Introducing the C1 Wedge Connection
Authors: Creusen Koen Erwin Yvonne , Misios George , Winkes Jasper Stefan , Veljkovic Milan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasing loads on the connections of tubular towers that support wind turbines are making the traditional bolted L‐flange more challenging to design, while the large mass of components and tools make installation challenging from a safety perspective. The C1 Wedge Connection is a symmetrical connection between tubular sections. The connection consists of a cylindrical lower flange and a fork‐shaped upper flange that slides over the lower flange. Both flanges have radial elongated holes distributed along the perimeter allowing the C1 fasteners to pull the two flanges together. The fastener assembly of the C1 Wedge Connection uses a small, horizontally placed bolt to pull two wedges together. The wedges transform and magnify the horizontal bolt force into a larger preload between the flanges by pulling them together. The orientation of the bolt in the fastener prevents significant load fluctuations under external loading. As a result, unlike a bolted L‐flange, the C1 Wedge Connection is less susceptible to preload loss, thereby eliminating the need for regular maintenance and inspection. The scalability of the C1 Wedge Connection makes it suitable for larger loads. These larger loads are expected with increasing size of wind turbines and when connections are used in more demanding locations such as hurricane and seismic conditions or where connections are subjected to high dynamic loads caused by extreme wave conditions or on floating foundations.
The validation of elastic modulus models: Code models and their modified versions
Authors: Sun Ryan W. , Fanourakis George C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElastic modulus (E) estimation forms an important element in the methods used to predict concrete creep deformation, which is an important structural design consideration. A variety of differentEestimation models for concrete exist but there is uncertainty as to which of the models is the most accurate. This research study assesses the performance of models namely, the ACI 318, ACI 318 Simplified, Mendis et al., Rüsch et al., Carrasquillo et al., ACI 363, AS 3600, Omar et al., AS 3600, BS 8110, Alexander and Davis, SANS 10100, CEB‐FIP, and the EC 2. The included list of models is taken from national codes and includes their superseded and modified versions. TheEvalues of 108 specimens, whose properties differed (in aggregate type, cement type, concrete strength, and curing age), were measured. The actualEvalue was compared to each model's estimations to determine which were most accurate statistically using the coefficient of variation (ωj). The ACI 363 model was the most accurate out of the 16 models assessed, yielding an overallωjof 16%. The CEB‐FIP model was found to be the least accurate showing an overallωjof 31.8%. From the 16 models considered, it was recommended that the ACI 363 model be utilized by creep prediction models. In addition, it was found that not all modified estimate models produced better estimates.
Toward Holistic Urban Green Infrastructure Implementation
Authors: Fukuoka Takanori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article aims to reexamine green infrastructure (GI) visions and frameworks and site-scale GI implementation toward holistic urban GI implementation. For GI visions and frameworks, both City of Philadelphia and Singapore have demonstrated progressive approaches to weave different divisions and planning, accomplishing holistic frameworks as well as enhancing GI implementation at site-scale level. Through three site-scale GI implementation case studies, the creative solutions have been demonstrated how streets, retention ponds, and the existing urban fabric were to transform into GI open spaces. This article suggests the way how GI could be interwoven into visions, planning, and design to create places for people.
Land Use Planning as a Green Infrastructure in a Rural Japanese Depopulated Town
Authors: Watanabe K. , Ishida K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to show land use considering green infrastructure (GI) in a Japanese depopulated rural district. First, we classified six zones of the target area, depending on inundation risk, living environment, and area of each land use, by cluster analysis. As a result, we showed three characteristics of land use. These are the central built-up area with high disaster risk and high land price, the east side area with low disaster risk, and the paddy field area with high disaster risk. Next, we estimated the probability of vacant houses by logistic regression analysis. Based on the results and the six classified zones, we showed the area with high probability of vacant houses and high disaster risk. This area was observed at the central built-up area. Considering future depopulation, such a housing area in the central built-up area needs to shrink.
Challenging a Hybrid Between Green and Gray Infrastructure: Coastal Sand-Covered Embankments
Authors: Matsushima Hajime , Zhong Xiangmei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile coastal areas are one of the most highly developed areas in the world, they have always been exposed to the danger of disaster. In response to the extreme events that increase every year owing to the effects of climate change, it is necessary to switch from coastal conservation that relies on existing infrastructure (gray infrastructure) to green infrastructure that utilizes ecotone. However, the reproduction of ecotones poses great challenges in many coastal areas. Therefore, we introduce a new approach to the complementary infrastructure development of gray and green functions, which involves conversion of the existing infrastructure, namely tide embankment, into dunes with sand-covering their slope, to be utilized as hybrid infrastructure. It was confirmed that the sand-covered embankments expanded the habitat of dune plants and protected the tide embankment body from high temperatures. This sand-covered embankment was also used as a place for environmental education for local elementary and junior high school students, and the multi-functionality of the hybrid infrastructure that grows over time was confirmed through the participation of various individuals.
Implementation of Japanese Blue Carbon Offset Crediting Projects
Authors: Kuwae Tomohiro , Yoshihara Satoru , Suehiro Fujiyo , Sugimura Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe term “blue carbon” is still rather new, having been coined in 2009. However, the blue carbon concept and the role of blue carbon stored in shallow coastal ecosystems, as part of nature-based or green infrastructure, in mitigating climate change and providing other ecosystems services, such as disaster risk reduction, infrastructure resilience, erosion control, and land formation, have attracted the interest of many people worldwide. In this chapter, we first summarize the current status of blue carbon initiatives, including for carbon offsetting, worldwide. Then, we review three blue carbon offset credit projects that have already been implemented in Japan: (1) the blue carbon offset crediting projects of (1) Yokohama City, the first in the world; (2) Fukuoka City, the second such project in Japan; and (3) the first Japanese national governmental demonstration project. Finally, we discuss the need to accelerate the development of blue carbon offset credit projects and related initiatives in the future.
Forest Green Infrastructure and the Carbon Storage and Substitution Benefits of Harvested Wood Products
Authors: Valatin Gregory 
Published: January 2022

AbstractForest Green Infrastructure (FGI) provides society with a wide range of benefits. Significant climate change mitigation benefits arise outside the forest associated with the use of harvested wood products. These include both carbon storage in wood products and carbon substitution benefits associated with the use of wood instead of more fossil energy-intensive materials such as concrete and steel, or of fossil fuels in energy production. This chapter considers the potential of extending coverage of the UK Woodland Carbon Code to the carbon benefits of wood products associated with woodland creation projects. It builds on previous approaches to including the carbon benefits of harvested wood products under existing carbon market standards. The key recommendations include (1) exploring ways of allocating carbon units between woodland owners and wood users that provide incentives to increase the quality and supply of timber, the carbon storage and substitution benefits per unit of wood, as well as the overall benefit to society; (2) consideration of potential double-counting issues and how these can be minimized; and (3) investigating rebound and leakage effects, which affect by how much fossil fuel use in the economy changes as a result of increased woodfuel use. Depending on the management system and species used, woodland creation projects involving wood harvesting may increase overall carbon benefits once carbon storage and substitution benefits have been accounted for particularly over multiple rotations. Further work would be required to assess whether average and generic values of carbon storage and substitution benefits could be incorporated into the UK Woodland Carbon Code’s project-level accounting and impacts on the levels of carbon credits that could then be claimed.
Proposing the Concept of Plaston and Strategy to Manage Both High Strength and Large Ductility in Advanced Structural Materials, on the Basis of Unique Mechanical Properties of Bulk Nanostructured Metals
Authors: Tsuji Nobuhiro , Ogata Shigenobu , Inui Haruyuki , Tanaka Isao , Kishida Kyosuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdvanced structural materials are required to show both high strength and large ductility/toughness, but we have not yet acquired the guiding principle for that. The bulk nanostructured metals are polycrystalline metallic materials having bulky dimensions and average grain sizes smaller than 1 μm. Bulk nanostructured metals show very high strength compared with that of the coarse-grained counterparts, but usually exhibit limited tensile ductility, especially small uniform elongation below a few %, due to the early plastic instability. On the other hand, we have recently found that particular bulk nanostructured metals can manage high strength and large tensile ductility. In such bulk nanostructured metals, unusual deformation modes different from normal dislocation slips were unexpectedly activated. Unusual <c+a> dislocations, deformation twins with nano-scale thickness, and deformation-induced martensite nucleated from grain boundaries in the bulk nanostructured Mg alloy, high-Mn austenitic steel, and Ni-C metastable austenitic steel, respectively. Those unexpected deformation modes enhanced strain hardening of the materials, leading to high strength and large tensile ductility. It was considered that the nucleation of such unusual deformation modes was attributed to the scarcity of dislocations and dislocation sources in each recrystallized ultrafine grain, which also induced discontinuous yielding with clear yield drop universally recognized in bulk nanostructured metals having recrystallized structures. For discussing the nucleation of different deformation modes in atomistic scales, the new concept of plaston which considered local excitation of atoms under singular dynamic fields was proposed. Based on the findings in bulk nanostructured metals and the concept of plaston, we proposed a strategy for overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in structural metallic materials. Sequential nucleation of different deformation modes would regenerate the strain-hardening ability of the material, leading to high strength and large tensile ductility. The strategy could be a guiding principle for realizing advanced structural materials that manage both high strength and large tensile ductility.