bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinoza og Rousseau: Tendenser og modtendenser i tidlig demokratiteori
Authors: Beck Holm Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Demokratibegrebet er i de senere år blevet nytænkt på forskellig vis af teoretikere som eksempelvis Jacques Rancière (1999, 2005) og Chantal Mouffe (2000). Karakteristisk for først og fremmest Rancières arbejde med begrebet er, at han kombinerer radikal og original nytænkning af dets semantik med inspirationen fra klassisk filosofi, først og fremmest Platon. I Rancières perspektiv har Platon netop (i modsætning til moderne demokratiteori) forstået, at demokrati tværtimod at være en styreform er det anarki, ethvert styre søger at fortrænge – det er netop derfor, han er antidemokrat.
Det er naturligvis interessant, at man kan bruge Platon til at udvikle moderne demokratiteori, selv om han står som en af filosofihistoriens mest indædte antidemokrater. Så meget desto mere interessant er det, hvad de få klassiske filosoffer, der faktisk har tilsluttet sig demokratiet som styreform, har at lære os i dag. Det er det spørgsmål, der skal belyses i det følgende, hvor Spinoza og Rousseau er i centrum.
På trods af åbenlyse forskelle mellem deres forfatterskaber, deler de to det afgørende fællestræk, at de er de første betydende filosoffer i den vestlige tradition, der argumenterer for demokratiet som styreform. Det gør Spinoza i sin Teologisk-Politiske Traktat fra 1670, Rousseau i Samfundspagten fra 1762. Det er i sig selv tankevækkende, at vi skal så langt op i tiden, før vi finder tænkere, der åbent anbefaler en styreform, der i dag almindeligvis ligefrem er definerende for politisk legitimitet, men siden Platon i Staten brændemærkede folkestyret som tøjlesløst anarki, havde man i den politiske filosofi taget afstand fra det – og det i en sådan grad, at Spinoza og Rousseau endnu langt op i 1800-tallet stod alene med deres synspunkt.
På baggrund af dette fællestræk kan det ikke undre, at der er en lang tradition for at sammenligne de to forfatterskaber. Det er da også ubestrideligt, at de er enige om meget, i særdeleshed når det gælder spørgsmålet om netop demokratiet. Alligevel vil fokus i det følgende ikke først og fremmest være på det, Spinoza og Rousseau har til fælles, men derimod på forskellene mellem dem. Konkret skal der gennem en marxistisk inspireret analyse argumenteres for, at en sammenligning af demokratiforståelsen hos de to forfattere viser, hvordan Spinozas tilgang er væsentligt mere radikal end Rousseaus, og derfor også mere interessant, når det handler om at udfordre og udvikle moderne demokratiteori.
Neres! Da luta contra a ditadura à reconstrução do PCB [Pablo Lima; Paloma Silva (org.)]
Authors: Gama Passos Silva Najla 
Published: September 2022

O presente texto é a resenha da obra Neres! Da luta contra a ditadura à reconstrução do PCB, organizada pelos historiadores Pablo Lima e Paloma Silva, publicado em 2021 pelo Instituto Caio Prado Jr. A publicação, às vesperas do centenário do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), está respaldada por ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresentando aos leitores a trajetória de José Francisco Neres, militante histórico do PCB, último preso político a deixar os porões da ditadura empresarial-militar no Estado de Minas Gerais e responsável pela reconstrução de partido a partir dos anos 1990.
Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Zinc Batteries Enabled by β‐Cyclodextrin: Preferred Zinc Deposition and Suppressed Parasitic Reactions
Authors: Meng Chao , He Weidong , Jiang Liwen , Huang Yuan , Zhang Jintao , Liu Hong , Wang Jian‐Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic zinc dendrite growth aggravated by the uneven electric field at the Zn anode surface and the water‐induced parasitic reactions have largely impeded rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries for the practical applications in large‐scale energy storage. Here, an effective strategy is proposed to manipulate Zn deposition and simultaneously prevent the generation of insulating by‐products (Zn4SO4(OH)6·xH2O) for improved plating/stripping on Zn anodes by the addition of a nontoxic electrolyte additive, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). The simulation results indicate that β‐CD molecules prefer to adsorb horizontally on Zn (002) plane, regulating the diffusion pathways and deposition sites of Zn2+ for the preferred Zn deposition along (002) plane without dendrite formation and inhibiting the H2 generation and the formation of Zn4SO4(OH)6·xH2O by facilitating desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+. Consequently, an ultra‐long stable cycling up to 1700 h at a high current density of 4 mA cm−2 can be achieved by the addition of β‐CD, 17 times that of the pure ZnSO4 electrolyte and the remarkable stability is also maintained under harsh test condition (40 mA cm−2, 20 mAh cm−2). This study highlights the important role of β‐CD in engineering the interfacial stability during Zn plating/stripping for high‐performing aqueous batteries.
Fast Construction of Biomimetic Organic–Inorganic Interface by Crosslinking of Calcium Phosphate Oligomers: A Strategy for Instant Regeneration of Hard Tissue
Authors: Yan Lumiao , Zheng Chen , Yuan Ding , Guo Zhengxi , Cui Yihao , Xie Zhijian , Chen Zhi , Tang Ruikang , Liu Zhaoming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe organic–inorganic structure in biological hard tissues ensures their marvelous characteristics but these hybrids are easily destroyed by the demineralization of inorganic components, e.g., the damage of dentin. Current clinical materials for hard tissue regeneration commonly act as “fillers” and their therapeutic effect is limited by the failures of biological‐linked organic–inorganic interface reconstruction. Herein, a fast in situ crosslinking of calcium phosphate oligomers (CPOs) on collagen matrixes for efficient organic–inorganic interface re‐construction, which can result in a biomimetic hybrid, is demonstrated. By using damaged dentin as an example, the inorganic ionic crosslinking can instantly infiltrate into the dentin matrix to rebuild a dense and continuous calcium phosphate‐collagen hybrid within only 5 min, where the structurally integrated organic–inorganic interface is identical to natural dentin. As a result, the damaged dentin can be fully recovered to a healthy one, which is superior to any current dentin treatments. The fast construction of biomimetic hybrid by inorganic ionic crosslinking provides a promising strategy for hard tissue repair and follows great potentials of CPOs as advanced biomedical materials in future.
Stabilization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Nazir Ghazanfar , Lee Seul‐Yi , Lee Jong‐Hoon , Rehman Adeela , Lee Jung‐Kun , Seok Sang Il , Park Soo‐Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been achieved, which is comparable with their traditional rivals (Si‐based solar cells). However, commercialization‐worthy efficiency and long‐term stability remain a challenge. In this regard, there are increasing studies focusing on the interface engineering in PSC devices to overcome their poor technical readiness. Herein, the roles of electrode materials and interfaces in PSCs are discussed in terms of their PCEs and perovskite stability. All the current knowledge on the factors responsible for the rapid intrinsic and external degradation of PSCs is presented. Then, the roles of carbonaceous materials as substitutes for noble metals are focused on, along with the recent research progress in carbon‐based PSCs. Furthermore, a sub‐category of PSCs, that is, flexible PSCs, is considered as a type of exceptional power source due to their high power‐to‐weight ratios and figures of merit for next‐generation wearable electronics. Last, the future perspectives and directions for research in PSCs are discussed, with an emphasis on their commercialization.
Molecularly Engineered Unparalleled Strength and Supertoughness of Poly(urea‐urethane) with Shape Memory and Clusterization‐Triggered Emission
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Xu Jing , Zhang Xinrui , Yang Zenghui , Zhang Yaoming , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo address the challenge of realizing multifunctional polymers simultaneously exhibiting high strength and high toughness through molecular engineering, ultrastrong and supertough shape‐memory poly(urea‐urethane) (PUU) is fabricated by regulating: i) the reversible cross‐links composed of rigid units and multiple hydrogen bonds, and ii) the molecular weight of soft segments. The optimal material exhibits an unparalleled strength of 84.2 MPa at a large elongation at a break of 925.6%, a superior toughness of 322.8 MJ m−3, and remarkable fatigue resistance without fracture. The repeated stretching of this material induces an irreversible deformation, which, however, can be rapidly recovered by heating. Moreover, all samples are capable of temporary shape fixation at −40 °C (recovering the original shape at 30 °C) and exhibit blue fluorescence when excited at the optimum wavelength, which is ascribed to clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) due to the formation of microphase‐separation structures. Thus, the adopted approach provides a solution to a long‐standing problem and paves the way to the realization of intrinsically luminescent shape‐memory materials exhibiting both ultrahigh strength and ultrahigh toughness.
Ethylene‐Carbonate‐Free Electrolytes for Rechargeable Li‐Ion Pouch Cells at Sub‐Freezing Temperatures
Authors: Yao Yu‐Xing , Yao Nan , Zhou Xi‐Rui , Li Ze‐Heng , Yue Xin‐Yang , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSub‐freezing temperature presents a significant challenge to the survival of current Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) as it leads to low capacity retention and poor cell rechargeability. The electrolyte in commercial LIBs relies too heavily on ethylene carbonate (EC) to produce a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite (Gr) anodes, but its high melting point (36.4 °C) severely restricts ion transport below 0 °C, causing energy loss and Li plating. Here, a class of EC‐free electrolytes that exhibits remarkable low‐temperature performance without compromising cell lifespan is reported. It is found that at sub‐zero temperatures, EC forms highly resistive SEI that seriously impedes electrode kinetics, whereas EC‐free electrolytes create a highly stable, low‐impedance SEI through anion decomposition, which boosts capacity retention and eliminates Li plating during charging. Pouch‐type LiCoO2 (LCO)|Gr cells with EC‐free electrolytes sustain 900 cycles at 25 °C with 1 C charge/discharge, and LiNi0.85Co0.10Al0.05O2 (NCA)|Gr cells last 300 cycles at −15 °C with 0.3 C charge, both among the best‐performing in the literature under comparable conditions. Even at −50 °C, the NCA|Gr cell with EC‐free electrolytes still delivers 76% of its room‐temperature capacity, outperforming EC‐based electrolytes.
Lithium‐Metal Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Industrialization
Authors: Kim Sujin , Park Gyuleen , Lee Seung Jong , Seo Samuel , Ryu Kyounghan , Kim Chang Hwan , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) are representative of post‐lithium‐ion batteries with the great promise of increasing the energy density drastically by utilizing the low operating voltage and high specific capacity of metallic lithium. LMBs currently stand at a point of transition at which the accumulation of knowledge from fundamental research is being translated into large‐scale commercialization. This review summarizes the available strategies for addressing the intrinsic shortcomings of LMBs, such as the suppression of dendritic growth and parasitic reactions from the material to the electrode to the cell level. The discussion pertaining to the cell level includes efforts and concerns relating to scaling up established knowledge and expertise with the view of commercialization. This review intends to encourage researchers in both fundamental research institutions and industry to make a synergistic effort and share their views comprehensively to ensure that LMB technology continues to evolve in harmony to become a mature technology.
Construction of Active Protein Materials: Manipulation on Morphology of Salmon Calcitonin Assemblies with Enhanced Bone Regeneration Effect
Authors: Wu Libin , Cheng Liang , Yang Jing , Yan Yufei , Zhang Ensong , Kochovski Zdravko , Li Long , Wang Zhen , Deng Lianfu , Lu Yan , Besenius Pol , Cui Wenguo , Chen Guosong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effect of protein drugs is always limited by their relatively low stability and fast degradation property; thus, various elegant efforts have been made to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the protein drugs. Here, an alternative way is proposed to solve this problem. By simply adding a limited amount of small‐molecular regulator, which tunes the subtle balance of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and disulfide bond formation, the self‐assembly property of the protein drug can be regulated, forming an “active protein material” itself. This means that, the resulting biomaterial is dominated by the protein drug and water, with significantly enhanced bone regeneration effect compared to the virgin protein in vitro and in vivo, through multivalent effect between the protein and receptor and the retarded degradation of the assembled proteins. In this active protein material, the protein drug is not only the active drug, but also the drug carrier, which greatly increases the drug‐loading efficiency of the biomaterial, indicating the advantages of the easy preparation, high efficiency, and low cost of the active protein material with a bright future in biomedical applications.
Orthogonal Molecular Assembly: Eliminating Intrinsic Phonon Modes in Organic THz Generators
Authors: Kim Seung‐Jun , Seok Jin‐Hong , Yu In Cheol , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Won Tae , Shin Bong‐Rim , Yoon Ga‐Eun , Lee Yun‐Sang , Kim Jin Chul , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Jazbinsek Mojca , Kwak Sang Kyu , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work reports a series of new organic electro‐optic salt crystals possessing unusual orthogonal dipole‐coupling assembly that act as dimple‐free THz generators. In the new crystals, optically anisotropic aromatic anions introducing highly electronegative fluorinated substituents are orthogonally assembled with optically anisotropic nonlinear optical benzothiazolium cations. These orthogonal cation–anion assembled crystals exhibit strong suppression of intrinsic THz phonon modes along the polar axis, which results in a wide THz absorption‐free range from 1.5 to 4.0 THz without substantial absorption peaks. This is sharply in contrast to previous benchmark crystals with parallel cation–anion assembly; for example, in analogous crystals, several strong absorption peaks appear in this frequency range. This absence of strong absorption peaks is attributed to the orthogonal cation–anion dipole coupling assembly, the formation of fluorinate‐induced strong interionic interactions, and a high packing ability of uniaxial anions. With top‐level macroscopic optical nonlinearity, new orthogonal‐dipole assembled crystals make dimple‐free THz wave generation possible in the range of about 1.5–4.0 THz, which is very beneficial for characterizing signature peaks related to molecular phonon motions of analytes in THz spectroscopy. Therefore, orthogonal molecular assembly of optically highly anisotropic molecules provides an efficient way to substantially reduce and control intrinsic THz phonon modes.
Newborn screening research sponsored by the NIH: From diagnostic paradigms to precision therapeutics
Authors: Minear Mollie A. , Phillips Megan N. , Kau Alice , Parisi Melissa A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) is a successful public health initiative that effectively identifies pre‐symptomatic neonates so that treatment can be initiated before the onset of irreversible morbidity and mortality. Legislation passed in 2008 has supported a system of state screening programs, educational resources, and an evidence‐based review process to add conditions to a recommended universal newborn screening panel (RUSP). The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, has promoted NBS research to advance legislative goals by supporting research that will uncover fundamental mechanisms of disease, develop treatments for NBS disorders, and promote pilot studies to test implementation of new conditions. NICHD's partnerships with other federal agencies have contributed to activities that support nominations of new conditions to the RUSP. The NIH's Newborn Sequencing In Genomic Medicine and Public Health (NSIGHT) initiative funded research projects that considered how genomic sequencing could be integrated into NBS and its ethical ramifications. Recently, the workshop, “Gene Targeted Therapies: Early Diagnosis and Equitable Delivery,” has explored the possibility of expanding NBS to include genetic diagnosis and precision, gene‐based therapies. Although hurdles remain to realize such a vision, broad engagement of multiple stakeholders is essential to advance genomic medicine within NBS.
Pore Extractor 2D: An ImageJ toolkit for quantifying cortical pore morphometry on histological bone images, with application to intraskeletal and regional patterning
Authors: Cole Mary E. , Stout Sam D. , Dominguez Victoria M. , Agnew Amanda M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesCortical porosity is used as a proxy of bone quality, fragility, and remodeling activity in anthropological contexts. Histological quantification is limited by time‐intensive manual annotation. Pore Extractor 2D is an ImageJ toolkit developed for computer‐assisted pore identification and automated pore morphometry.Materials and MethodsToolkit components include: (1) Utilities for cortical border clearing, (2) Image Pre‐Processing: Image contrast enhancement and noise reduction, (3) Pore Extractor: User‐directed options for segmenting, closing, and smoothing pore spaces, (4) Pore Modifier: Utilities to expedite manual correction of extracted pore spaces, and (5) Pore Analyzer: Morphometric analyses by pore type and anatomical region. Pore Extractor 2D was validated against manual annotation in a sample of midshaft mid‐thoracic human ribs (n = 30). Intraskeletal and regional analyses were piloted on matched (n = 9) human midshaft femora, tibiae, and sixth ribs.ResultsPore Extractor 2D was statistically consistent with manual annotation of bone area, percent porosity, pore density, and mean pore size. The toolkit significantly (p < .05) reduced the smoothing effect of manual annotation by fitting pore borders to pixel brightness variations. Intraskeletal analyses found that the femur and tibia significantly exceeded the rib in “cortical” type porosity, while the rib predominantly formed “trabecularized” type porosity. Regional analyses determined that pore system expansion was elevated in the anterior femur, the anterior and medial tibia, and the cutaneous cortex of the rib.DiscussionThis toolkit provides expedited, semi‐automated porosity quantification that replicates manual annotation. Intraskeletal and regional variation in pore morphometry reflect localized strain patterning.
Simultaneous Photo‐Induced Magnetic and Dielectric Switching in an Iron(II)‐Based Spin‐Crossover Hofmann‐Type Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Yao Nian‐Tao , Zhao Liang , Sun Hui‐Ying , Yi Cheng , Guan Ya‐Hui , Li Ya‐Ming , Oshio Hiroki , Meng Yin‐Shan , Liu Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecular materials possessing photo‐tunable polarization switching is promising for optical switches, smart sensors, and data storage devices. However, it is challenging to devise a molecular material featuring simultaneous switchable magnetic and dielectric properties with regard to non‐invasive and convenient light stimulus. Herein, we report a new Hofmann‐type metal–organic framework (MOF) {Fe(bpt)[Pt(CN)4]} ⋅ 0.5anth (1, bpt=2,5‐bis(4‐pyridyl)thiophen; anth=anthracene), which displays thermo‐ and photo‐switchable magnetic and dielectric properties. Photo‐monitored structural analyses revealed that it was the photo‐induced deformation of FeII coordination sphere and relative movement of guest anthracene that resulted in the variation of the local electric dipoles. These findings provide a new strategy to realize polarization switching through the light‐induced spin crossover, and would be of fundamental significance for future photo‐switchable and multifunctional materials.
Chiral‐at‐Cage Carboranes for Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Aggregation‐Induced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Tong Jingjing , Cao Yue , Zhang Yi‐Wen , Wang Peng , Wang Penglong , Liao Xiang‐Ji , Zhang Weigang , Wang Yi , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Pan Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the structures of chiral‐at‐cage carborane derivatives bearing carbazole chromophores that emit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and aggregation‐induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). By adjusting the substituent positions on the carborane derivatives, two chiral luminescent molecules, Cb1 and Cb2, with different properties were obtained. The photoluminescence dissymmetry factors |gPL| of both (R/S)‐Cb1 and (R/S)‐Cb2 enantiomers in neat films were as high as 6.24×10−3and 7.38×10−3, respectively. Cb1 showed a deep blue emission peak at 434 nm inn‐pentane. Interestingly, distinct fluorescence and CPL spectra were observed in solvents of different polarities due to the twisted intramolecular charge transfer effect, suggesting its potential use in solvent recognition. Meanwhile, Cb2 exhibited good AIECL property, excellent ECL stability and could be used for determining dopamine concentrations, suggesting its potential applications in biology and diagnosis.
Intranuclear Nanoribbons for Selective Killing of Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Qiuxin , He Hongjian , Yi Meihui , Tan Weiyi , Guo Jiaqi , Xu Bing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we show intranuclear nanoribbons formed upon dephosphorylation of leucine‐rich L‐ or D‐phosphopeptide catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to selectively kill osteosarcoma cells. Being dephosphorylated by ALP, the peptides are first transformed into micelles and then converted into nanoribbons. The peptides/assemblies first aggregate on cell membranes, then enter cells via endocytosis, and finally accumulate in nuclei (mainly in nucleoli). Proteomics analysis suggests that the assemblies interact with histone proteins. The peptides kill osteosarcoma cells rapidly and are nontoxic to normal cells. Moreover, the repeated stimulation of the osteosarcoma cells by the peptides sensitizes the cancer cells rather than inducing resistance. This work not only illustrates a novel mechanism for nucleus targeting, but may also pave a new way for selectively killing osteosarcoma cells and minimizing drug resistance.
Origins of p‐Doping and Nonradiative Recombination in CsSnI3
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Zhong Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is commonly believed that the spontaneous p‐doping in Sn‐based perovskites is caused by Sn vacancies. By performing rigorous first‐principles calculations for a prototypical Sn‐based perovskite CsSnI3, we reveal that, in fact, the defects dominating p‐doping are Cs vacancies. The reason that adding extra Sn2+ could reduce p‐doping is that Cs and Sn present the same changing trend in terms of chemical potentials, and thus inhibiting the formation of Sn vacancies will also limit the formation of Cs vacancies. Moreover, we show that I vacancies are the dominant nonradiative recombination centers, and can result in sizable nonradiative losses, which explains why the experimentally measured carrier lifetime is only a few nanoseconds even if p‐doping is suppressed. This work provides new insights into the origins of p‐doping and nonradiative recombination in CsSnI3, and suggests that minimizing the formation of Cs and I vacancies is critical to realizing the best device performance.