bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“An Extra Variable to Consider”—Vaccine-Induced Seropositivity and Adolescent HIV Vaccine Clinical Trials
Authors: Fatola Omolayo , Corneli Amy , Perry Brian , Hanlen-Rosado Emily , Nsonwu Adora , Constantine Evangelia P , Thompson Amelia B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Our study explores the understanding of vaccine-induced seropositivity (VISP) and its potential impact on US adolescents’ and caregivers’ willingness to participate in adolescent HIV vaccine clinical trials. Findings from in-depth interviews suggest that addressing concerns about VISP will be essential for future pediatric HIV vaccine trials in the United States.
Proto-neutron star evolution with improved charged-current neutrino–nucleon interactions
Authors: Pascal A , Novak J , Oertel M 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We perform simulations of the Kelvin–Helmholtz cooling phase of proto-neutron stars with a new numerical code in spherical symmetry and using the quasi-static approximation. We use for the first time the full set of charged-current neutrino–nucleon reactions, including neutron decay and modified Urca processes, together with the energy-dependent numerical representation for the inclusion of nuclear correlations with random phase approximation. Moreover, convective motions are taken into account within the mixing length theory. As we vary the assumptions for computing neutrino–nucleon reaction rates, we show that the dominant effect on the cooling time-scale, neutrino signal, and composition of the neutrino-driven wind comes from the inclusion of convective motion. Computation of nuclear correlations within the random phase approximation, as compared to mean field approach, has a relatively small impact.
Modelling the γ-ray pulsar wind nebulae population in our galaxy
Authors: Fiori M , Olmi B , Amato E , Bandiera R , Bucciantini N , Zampieri L , Burtovoi A 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) represent the largest class of sources that upcoming γ-ray surveys will detect. Therefore, accurate modelling of their global emission properties is one of the most urgent problems in high-energy astrophysics. Correctly characterizing these dominant objects is a needed step to allow γ-ray surveys to detect fainter sources, investigate the signatures of cosmic ray propagation, and estimate the diffuse emission in the Galaxy. In this paper, we present an observationally motivated construction of the Galactic PWNe population. We made use of a modified one-zone model to evolve for a long period of time the entire population. The model provides, for every source, at any age, a simplified description of the dynamical and spectral evolution. The long-term effects of the reverberation phase on the spectral evolution are described, for the first time, based on physically motivated prescriptions for the evolution of the nebular radius supported by numerical studies. This effort tries to solve one of the most critical aspects of one-zone modelling, namely the typical overcompression of the nebula during the reverberation phase, resulting in a strong modification of its spectral properties at all frequencies. We compare the emission properties of our synthetic PWNe population with the most updated catalogues of TeV Galactic sources. We find that the firmly identified and candidate PWNe sum up to about 50 per cent of the expected objects in this class above threshold for detection. Finally, we estimate that Cherenkov Telescope Array will increase the number of TeV-detected PWNe by a factor of ≳3.
Evolutionary inference and statistical constraints on Algols including SD2-type near contact binaries
Authors: Wang Z H , Zhu L Y , Yue Y F 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Algol-type binaries (Algols) have aroused extensive interests due to the idiosyncratic evolutionary stages of both components. To better understand the evolutionary properties of such characteristic population, we collected mostly double-lined samples and performed systematic work concentrated on their physical constraints. It is found that orbital period cut-off for the OB and AF type Algols are P(OB) &gt; 0.482 d, P(AF) &gt;0.358 d; constraints on mean density and surface gravity of the secondary components are $\overline{\rho }_2$(OB) &lt; 0.144 ρ⊙, $\overline{\rho }_2$(AF) &lt; 0.26 ρ⊙, log g2(OB) &lt; 4.719 cgs, and log g2(AF) &lt; 4.517 cgs. Limitations of a(OB) $\gt 3.48\, {\rm R}_{\odot }$ and a(AF) $\gt 2.29\, {\rm R}_{\odot }$ have been deduced from the a–P relation. Moreover, statistical analysis of secular period changes reveal that Algols with higher f1 and relevant shorter period generally show weak period change. It hints that there is some connections between f1 and orbital evolution. Systems with lower f1 have the chance to evolve from classic Algols to SD2-type near contact binaries (NCBs); systems with higher f1 obey the evolutionary channel from SD2-type NCBs to CBs. However, it seems that SD2-type NCBs could not evolve towards classic Algols. As a natural lab, Algols are producing peculiar stellar experimental samples via complicated astrophysical processes, which will enhance our understanding on the physical properties and evolution of such binary populations.
Complementary Bureaucracy: Reimagining Weberian Impersonalism with Indigenous Relationality
Authors: Althaus Catherine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWeber’s ideal-type bureaucracy demands impersonalism premised on assumptions regarding egalitarianism and polity scale, explaining why it is able to excel with large-scale population policymaking. Transport, national infrastructure, taxation, and defense are classic success examples of what is called the actions of government that are done “to” and “for” the polity. However, government fails in important areas of action done “with” citizens and communities, such as health, education, and justice, which do not fit one-size-fits-all approaches. Calls to personalize policy delivery chafe at Weberian bureaucracy and inevitably will do so until form change is recognized as necessary. One way forward may be found in Indigenous worldviews and clan governance concepts of relationality. This article uses William Ouchi\'s organizational form arguments that privilege clans alongside markets and hierarchies, as well as illustrative examples of Indigenous public service leadership, to propose a new conceptual approach—complementary bureaucracy—to demonstrate clan approaches that provide rich practical and theoretical opportunities to engage in bureaucratic personalism. Taking the best of impersonalism and relationality helps meet modern societal needs, building off the wisdom of governance practices that have served this planet’s oldest enduring civilizations.
Factors associated with non-pharmaceutical interventions compliance during COVID-19 pandemic: a Portuguese cross-sectional survey
Authors: Santos João Vasco , Gomes da Costa Joana , Costa Eduardo , Almeida Sara , Cima Joana , Pita-Barros Pedro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) is one of the main tools used in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response, including physical distancing, frequent hand washing, face mask use, respiratory hygiene and use of contact tracing apps. Literature on compliance with NPI during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited.MethodsWe studied this compliance and associated factors in Portugal, between 28th October 2020 and 11th January 2021 (Portuguese second and third waves of the pandemic), using logistic regressions. Data were collected through a web-based survey and included questions regarding NPI compliance, COVID-19-related concerns, perception of institutions’ performance, agreement with the measures implemented and socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsFrom the 1263 eligible responses, we found high levels of compliance among all COVID-19 related NPI, except for the contact tracing app. Females and older participants showed the highest compliance levels, whereas the opposite was observed for previously infected participants. There was heterogeneity of COVID-19 NPI compliance across Portuguese regions and a clear gradient between concern, government performance’s perception or agreement and compliance.ConclusionsResults suggested areas for further study with important implications for pandemic management and communication, for future preparedness, highlighting other factors to be accounted for when recommending policy measures during public health threats.
African Americans and Law Enforcement: Tackling a Foundational Component of Structural Reform—Union Disciplinary Procedures
Authors: Hodge David R , Clintonia Boddie Stephanie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite numerous high-profile deaths of African Americans at the hands of law enforcement, little attention has been paid to the issue of police reform in the social work literature. To address this gap, this article focuses on a topic that has been singled out as the most important area of potential reform: restructuring the disciplinary provisions embedded in the contracts negotiated between police unions and municipalities. These provisions frequently shield problematic officers from public accountability by hindering their identification, sanctioning, and dismissal. Given that collective bargaining agreements are typically negotiated behind closed doors, social workers can play an essential role by advocating for public negotiations between municipal and union leaders, so provisions that obstruct public accountability for unfit officers can be identified and eliminated. The article concludes by delineating three alternative models to the status quo—increased neighborhood policing, disbanding or defunding police departments, and police abolition zones—and notes that no model can be successful if those who abuse their power cannot be removed from their positions of public trust. The authors suggest that social workers collaborate with African American residents in a given community to ensure that their preferences regarding community justice are enacted in a manner that reflects their aspirations.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum Bacterial Infection Induces Organ-Specific Callose and Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Banana
Authors: Mustafa Abubakar Sadik , Tugume Benison , Ssenku Jamilu E. , Ssemanda Paul , Athman Shahasi Y. , Oryem-Origa Hannington , Kubiriba Jerome , Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P. , Tugume Arthur K. 
Published: January 2022

Xanthomonas campestris pv . musacearum ( Xcm) bacteria cause banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), the most destructive disease of bananas in East and Central Africa. During early stages of infection in susceptible banana cultivars, incomplete systemic movement of Xcm limits bacterial colonization in the upper organs. The mechanistic basis of this delayed movement is unknown. We hypothesized that Xcm infection triggers basal pattern-triggered immune (PTI) responses whose spatial and temporal variability along the banana's anatomical structure accounts for initially limiting Xcm in upper organs. Hence, we examined PTI responses such as callose deposition and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in different organs in response to Xcm infection in BXW-susceptible Kayinja and Mbwazirume banana cultivars and wild resistant progenitor Musa balbisiana. Xcm-induced callose increased and peaked at 14 days postinoculation (dpi) and 28 dpi as assessed by fluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The levels of Xcm-induced H2O2 and callose were highest in the pseudostems and corms, respectively, and were independent of host susceptibility or resistance to BXW.  H2O2 production showed a biphasic transient pattern with an initial increase at 1-hour post Xcm inoculation (hpi), followed by a decline 3 to 6 hpi and then a second increase by 12 hpi. Our findings point to organ-specific responses to Xcm infection in bananas. The corm, which doubles as a subterranean perennating organ and interface between mother plants and lateral shoots, was the most responsive organ in callose production, whereas the pseudostem was the most responsive organ in H2O2 production, suggesting the significance of these organs in banana response to BXW. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Teaming up in primary care
Authors: Everett Christine M. , Docherty Sharron L. , Matheson Elaine , Morgan Perri A. , Price Ashley , Christy Jacob , Michener Lloyd , Smith Valerie A. , Anderson John B. , Viera Anthony , Jackson George L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Increased demand for quality primary care and value-based payment has prompted interest in implementing primary care teams. Evidence-based recommendations for implementing teams will be critical to successful PA participation. This study sought to describe how primary care providers (PCPs) define team membership boundaries and coordinate tasks.

Methods:
This mixed-methods study included 28 PCPs from a primary care network. We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics and interview data using content analysis.

Results:
Ninety-six percent of PCPs reported team membership. Team models fell into one of five categories. The predominant coordination mechanism differed by whether coordination was required in a visit or between visits.

Conclusions:
Team-based primary care is a strategy for improving access to quality primary care. Most PCPs define team membership based on within-visit task interdependencies. Our findings suggest that team-based interventions can focus on clarifying team membership, increasing interaction between clinicians, and enhancing the electronic health record to facilitate between-visit coordination.
Survival Without Severe Neonatal Morbidity in Very Preterm Twins According to Planned Mode of Delivery
Authors: Korb Diane , Goffinet François , Sentilhes Loïc , Kayem Gilles , Sénat Marie Victoire , Azria Elie , Schmitz Thomas ,   for the JUmeaux MODe d’Accouchement (JUMODA) Study Group and the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG)*
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To assess survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity by planned mode of delivery for twins born before 32 weeks of gestation.

METHODS:
The JUMODA (JUmeaux MODe d’Accouchement) study was a French national prospective, population-based, cohort study of twin deliveries conducted from February 2014 to March 2015. This planned secondary analysis included diamniotic twin pregnancies from 26 0/7 through 31 6/7 weeks of gestation. Exclusion criteria included contraindications to vaginal delivery and situations for which planned cesarean delivery is favored, and neonatal prognosis depends largely on the underlying pathology rather than the planned mode of delivery. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, grade 3 or grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, stage 2 or stage 3 necrotizing enterocolitis). The association between planned mode of delivery and primary outcome was assessed by multivariate Poisson regression model. A propensity-score approach with inverse probability of treatment weighting also was performed to control for indication bias. Subgroup analyses according to birth order and sensitivity analyses limited to spontaneous preterm births only were performed.

RESULTS:
Among 424 very preterm twin pregnancies, 192 (45.3%) had a planned cesarean delivery and 232 (54.7%) had a planned vaginal delivery. Survival to discharge without severe morbidity did not differ in the two groups: 308 of 384 (80.2%) after planned cesarean and 375 of 464 (80.8%) after planned vaginal delivery (crude relative risk 0.99; 95% CI 0.91–1.15; adjusted relative risk 1.02; 95% CI 0.93–1.11). After applying inverse probability of treatment weighting, planned cesarean delivery still was not associated with higher survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity than planned vaginal birth (relative risk 1.11; 95% CI 0.84–1.46). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar results.

CONCLUSION:
Planned cesarean delivery for very preterm twins is not associated with higher survival to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity than planned vaginal delivery. These results suggest that very preterm delivery should not be considered a per se indication for planned cesarean in twin pregnancies.
Symptoms of Women With High-Risk Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chan John K. , Tian Chunqiao , Kesterson Joshua P. , Monk Bradley J. , Kapp Daniel S. , Davidson Brittany , Robertson Sharon , Copeland Larry J. , Walker Joan L. , Wenham Robert M. , Casablanca Yovanni , Spirtos Nick M. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Bell Jeffrey G. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the presentation, characteristics, and prognostic significance of symptoms in patients with high-risk early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients enrolled in a phase III clinical trial (GOG 157). All patients had surgically staged, high-risk early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (stage IA–IB and grade 3, any clear cell, stage IC or II). Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS:
Of 419 patients evaluated for symptoms, 301 (72%) presented with one or more symptoms, and 118 (28%) were asymptomatic but had a mass found on examination. Forty percent had only one symptom, and 32% had more than one symptom. Among those with at least one symptom, the most common were abdominal and pelvic pain (31%), and increased girth or fullness (26%). Overall, 23% of patients with tumors 10 cm or smaller, 27% of patients with tumors larger than 10 cm to 15 cm, and 46% of patients with tumors larger than 15 cm had multiple symptoms (P<.001). There was no significant difference in presentation of symptoms based on age, stage, or histologic subtype. Symptoms at diagnosis were not associated with recurrence or survival.

CONCLUSION:
More than 70% of patients with high-risk early-stage, epithelial ovarian cancer present with one or more symptoms, with the most common being abdominal or pelvic pain. The proportion of women with symptoms and the number of symptoms increase with enlarging tumor size.
Predictive Sentence Context Reduces Listening Effort in Older Adults With and Without Hearing Loss and With High and Low Working Memory Capacity
Authors: Hunter Cynthia R. , Humes Larry E. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
Listening effort is needed to understand speech that is degraded by hearing loss, a noisy environment, or both. This in turn reduces cognitive spare capacity, the amount of cognitive resources available for allocation to concurrent tasks. Predictive sentence context enables older listeners to perceive speech more accurately, but how does contextual information affect older adults’ listening effort? The current study examines the impacts of sentence context and cognitive (memory) load on sequential dual-task behavioral performance in older adults. To assess whether effects of context and memory load differ as a function of older listeners’ hearing status, baseline working memory capacity, or both, effects were compared across separate groups of participants with and without hearing loss and with high and low working memory capacity.

Design:
Participants were older adults (age 60–84 years; n = 63) who passed a screen for cognitive impairment. A median split classified participants into groups with high and low working memory capacity. On each trial, participants listened to spoken sentences in noise and reported sentence-final words that were either predictable or unpredictable based on sentence context, and also recalled short (low-load) or long (high-load) sequences of digits that were presented visually before each spoken sentence. Speech intelligibility was quantified as word identification accuracy, and measures of listening effort included digit recall accuracy, and response time to words and digits. Correlations of context benefit in each dependent measure with working memory and vocabulary were also examined.

Results:
Across all participant groups, accuracy and response time for both word identification and digit recall were facilitated by predictive context, indicating that in addition to an improvement in intelligibility, listening effort was also reduced when sentence-final words were predictable. Effects of predictability on all listening effort measures were observed whether or not trials with an incorrect word identification response were excluded, indicating that the effects of predictability on listening effort did not depend on speech intelligibility. In addition, although cognitive load did not affect word identification accuracy, response time for word identification and digit recall, as well as accuracy for digit recall, were impaired under the high-load condition, indicating that cognitive load reduced the amount of cognitive resources available for speech processing. Context benefit in speech intelligibility was positively correlated with vocabulary. However, context benefit was not related to working memory capacity.

Conclusions:
Predictive sentence context reduces listening effort in cognitively healthy older adults resulting in greater cognitive spare capacity available for other mental tasks, irrespective of the presence or absence of hearing loss and baseline working memory capacity.
Simplified Chinese Version of the Back Pain Function Scale (BPFS) for Patients with Low Back Pain
Authors: Jia Cheng-Qi , Cao Shi-Qi , Wu Yu-Jie , Hu Fan-Qi , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Xue-Song 
Published: January 2022

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To translate and cross-culturally adapt back pain function scale (BPFS) into a simplified Chinese version (SC-BPFS), and evaluate the reliability and validity of SC-BPFS in patients with low back pain.

Summary of Background Data.
The BPFS is a reliable and valid evaluation instrument for low back pain. However, simplified Chinese version of BPFS has not been validated.

Methods.
Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally recognized guidelines of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Outcome Committee. One-hundred and sixty-two participants with low back pain (LBP) were included in this study. Reliability was tested based on test-retest reliability and internal consistency. We calculated Cronbach alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was analyzed by evaluating the correlations between SC-BPFS and the Oswestry disability index (ODI), the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the short form (36) health survey (SF-36).

Results.
The original version of the BPFS was cross-culturally well adapted and translated into simplified Chinese. Each item of the SC-BPFS was properly responded and correlated with the total items. SC-BPFS had good reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.847, intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.891, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.864–0.914). Elimination of any one item in all did not result in a value of Cronbach alpha of <0.80. SC-BPFS had a high correlation with ODI (0.712, P < 0.01) and a moderate correlation with VAS (0.484, P < 0.01). And it was also fairly to very well correlated with physical domains of SF-36 (0.334–0.632, P < 0.01), and not correlated with mental domains of SF-36 (0.022–0.119, P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
SC-BPFS demonstrated outstanding acceptability, internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity, and could be recommended for patients with LBP in Mainland China.

Level of Evidence: 3