bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bullying, Discrimination, Harassment, Sexual Harassment, and the Fear of Retaliation During Surgical Residency Training: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gianakos Arianna L. , Freischlag Julie A. , Mercurio Angela M. , Haring R. Sterling , LaPorte Dawn M. , Mulcahey Mary K. , Cannada Lisa K. , Kennedy John G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe negative effects of bullying, discrimination, harassment, and sexual harassment (BDHS) on well‐being and productivity of surgical residents in training have been well documented. Despite this, little has changed over the past decade and these behaviors continue. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of each abusive behavior experienced by residents, identify the perpetrators, and examine the reporting tendency.MethodsA systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2020 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used: bullying, harassment, sexual harassment, discrimination, abuse, residency, surgery, orthopedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics, gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, and training.ResultsTwenty‐five studies with 29,980 surgical residents were included. Sixty‐three percent, 43, 29, and 27% of surgical residents experienced BDHS, respectively. Female residents reported experiencing all BDHS behaviors more often. Thirty‐seven percent of resident respondents reported burnout, and 33% reported anxiety/depression. Attending surgeons, followed by senior co‐residents, were the most common perpetrators. Seventy‐one percent did not report the behavior to their institution. Fifty‐one percent stated this was due to fear of retaliation. Of those who reported their experiences, 56% stated they had a negative experience reporting.ConclusionOur review demonstrates high prevalence rates of BDHS experienced by residents during surgical training, which have been associated with burnout, anxiety, and depression. The majority of residents did not report BDHS due to fear of retaliation. Residency programs need to devise methods to have a platform for residents to safely voice their complaints.
Preoperative Carbohydrate Drink Intake Increases Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Lee Bora , Kim So Yeon , Cho Byung Woo , Suh Sungmin , Park Kwan Kyu , Choi Yong Seon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative carbohydrate treatment attenuates insulin resistance and improves metabolism to an anabolic state. Despite these benefits, impaired glycemic control and aspiration risk related to gastroparesis represent concerns for patients with diabetes undergoing surgery. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of oral carbohydrate therapy on perioperative glucose variability, metabolic responses, and gastric volume in diabetic patients undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty.MethodsFifty diabetic patients scheduled to undergo elective total knee or hip arthroplasty during August 2019–October 2020 were randomly assigned to a control or carbohydrate therapy (CHO) group. CHO group of patients received a 400‐mL carbohydrate drink 2–3 h before anesthesia; control group of patients underwent overnight fasting from midnight, one night before surgery. Blood glucose levels were measured before intake of the carbohydrate drink, before spinal anesthesia, preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 1 h postoperatively. Insulin level and gastric volume were measured before spinal anesthesia.ResultsThe glucose variability of patients in the CHO group was significantly higher than that of those in the control group (16.5 vs. 10.1%, P = 0.008). Similarly, insulin resistance was higher in the CHO group than in the control group (8.5 vs. 2.7, P < 0.001). The gastric volume did not differ significantly between the groups (61.3 vs. 15.2 ml, P = 0.082).ConclusionsPreoperative oral carbohydrate therapy increases glucose variability and insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Therefore, carbohydrate beverages should be cautiously administered to diabetic patients, considering metabolic and safety aspects.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT04013594).
Rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in PM/Scl antibody-associated disease: case-based review
Authors: Srikantharajah Denesh , Lloyd Mark E. , Kiely Patrick D. W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutoantibodies to the 75-kDa and 100-kDa subunits of the PM/Scl nucleolar protein complex are associated with an overlap syndrome, manifesting with clinical features of systemic sclerosis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. We describe the diverse clinical features in a series of 4 cases with anti-PM/Scl-75 and/or anti-PM/Scl-100 antibodies, including severe proximal muscle weakness, oesophageal dysfunction, respiratory weakness requiring mechanical ventilation, Raynaud’s, calcinosis cutis, sclerodactyly and critical digital ischaemia. Despite the severity of striated and oesophageal muscle weakness, all patients responded very well to immune suppression, and calcinosis cutis in one case regressed substantially. We highlight the efficacy of Rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg) in these cases, enabling return to normal muscle function within six months. Rituximab was preferentially chosen for cases with hyper-gammaglobulinemia and multiple autoantibodies in addition to anti-PM/Scl, and IVIg was utilised for cases where a rapid onset of effect was required, such as severe ventilator-dependent respiratory muscle weakness and oesophageal dysfunction.
An alternative look at the linear regression model
Authors: Baksalary Oskar Maria , Trenkler Götz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn alternative look at the linear regression model is taken by proposing an original treatment of a full column rank model (design) matrix. In such a situation, the Moore–Penrose inverse of the matrix can be obtained by utilizing a particular formula which is applicable solely when a matrix to be inverted can be columnwise partitioned into two matrices of disjoint ranges. It turns out that this approach, besides simplifying derivations, provides a novel insight into some of the notions involved in the model and reduces computational costs needed to obtain sought estimators. The paper contains also a numerical example based on astronomical observations of the localization of Polaris, demonstrating usefulness of the proposed approach.
The pan-immune-inflammation value and systemic immune-inflammation index in advanced melanoma patients under immunotherapy
Authors: Susok L. , Said S. , Reinert D. , Mansour R. , Scheel C. H. , Becker J. C. , Gambichler T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM) under immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Methods
PIV and SII were calculated before the start of ICI therapy and at time of progression/death in patients with metastatic CM (stage III/IV). Sex–age-matched CM patients in stage I/II and healthy subjects (HC) served as controls.

Results
The median PIV of stage III/IV patients was significantly (P = 0.0011) higher than in stage I/II patients and HC. SII was significantly (P = 0.00044) lower in HC than in CM patients. At baseline, PIV and SII did significantly correlate with lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.045/0.017). However, ROC curve statistics revealed that SII and PIV were not significantly associated with clinical parameters, including best response to ICI treatment (P = 0.87/0.64), progression-free survival (P = 0.73/0.91), and melanoma-specific survival (P = 0.13/0.17). Moreover, there were no significant changes of PIV and SII from baseline to progression/death (P = 0.38/0.52).

Conclusions
Even though both immune-inflammation biomarkers showed some power to differentiate between CM stages and HC, respectively, PIV and SII seem not to be significant predictors for clinical outcome measures of CM patients under ICI therapy.
Geochemical characterization of clastic sediments sheds light on energy sources and on alleged anthropogenic impacts in cave ecosystems
Authors: Addesso Rosangela , De Waele Jo , Cafaro Simona , Baldantoni Daniela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCaves are usually oligotrophic ecosystems, where the organic matter represents a limiting factor to the hypogeal community and sediments are often a significant energy source. With a view to identifying the energy input influencing the ecological processes occurring in caves, as well as the potential alteration sources of the natural equilibriums, geochemical features of several typologies of clastic sediments from the Pertosa-Auletta Cave (Italy) were investigated. The collected sediments, analyzed for a number of chemical (organic matter, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn concentrations) and mineralogical (quartz, calcite, dolomite, clay minerals) characteristics, showed a different composition. Overall, their origin is supposed to be allochthonous, related to the important fluviokarst activities interesting the cave in the past, whereas the abundance of calcitic and dolomitic compounds can be autochthonous, being the carbonate the main host rock. The highest concentrations of organic matter, together with C, Cu, Mo, N, P, Pb, S and Zn, highlighted in one sample composed mainly of bats guano, revealed an important bioavailable energy input as well as a pollutant accumulation, mainly of anthropogenic origin.
Die therapieresistente Depression (TRD) – Herausforderungen und praktisches Management
Authors: Fugger Gernot , Bartova Lucie , Dold Markus , Kasper Siegfried 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie unipolare Depression zählt weltweit zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen und ist mit einer enormen Krankheitslast assoziiert. Trotz Verfügbarkeit von zahlreichen effektiven und gut verträglichen antidepressiv wirksamen Psychopharmakotherapeutika erreicht nur etwa ein Drittel unserer Patientinnen und Patienten auf eine etablierte antidepressive „First-line-Therapie“ eine vollständige Remission. Im Gegensatz dazu spricht ein weiteres Drittel aller Betroffenen auf zwei konsekutive, adäquate antidepressive Therapien mit gleich oder unterschiedlich wirkenden Antidepressiva, die ausreichend hoch dosiert und genügend lange verabreicht wurden, nur unzureichend an und erfüllt somit die Kriterien einer therapieresistenten Depression (TRD). Das Vorhandensein einer TRD stellt für Behandler häufig eine sehr anspruchsvolle, klinische Herausforderung dar. Der folgende Artikel unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit der therapeutischen Beziehung und effektiver, transparenter Kommunikation sowie die absolute Notwendigkeit, das therapeutische Vorgehen strikt nach bestehenden Leitlinien auszurichten, um einen optimalen Therapieerfolg zu gewährleisten. Ein Fallbericht skizziert eine erfolgreiche Anwendung von Esketamin-Nasenspray als höchst effektive neu zugelassene Behandlungsoption.
Affine-invariant contracting-point methods for Convex Optimization
Authors: Doikov Nikita , Nesterov Yurii 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we develop new affine-invariant algorithms for solving composite convex minimization problems with bounded domain. We present a general framework of Contracting-Point methods, which solve at each iteration an auxiliary subproblem restricting the smooth part of the objective function onto contraction of the initial domain. This framework provides us with a systematic way for developing optimization methods of different order, endowed with the global complexity bounds. We show that using an appropriate affine-invariant smoothness condition, it is possible to implement one iteration of the Contracting-Point method by one step of the pure tensor method of degree $$p \ge 1$$

p
≥
1

. The resulting global rate of convergence in functional residual is then $${\mathcal {O}}(1 / k^p)$$

O
(
1
/

k
p

)

, where k is the iteration counter. It is important that all constants in our bounds are affine-invariant. For $$p = 1$$

p
=
1

, our scheme recovers well-known Frank–Wolfe algorithm, providing it with a new interpretation by a general perspective of tensor methods. Finally, within our framework, we present efficient implementation and total complexity analysis of the inexact second-order scheme $$(p = 2)$$

(
p
=
2
)

, called Contracting Newton method. It can be seen as a proper implementation of the trust-region idea. Preliminary numerical results confirm its good practical performance both in the number of iterations, and in computational time.
Enhancing strategic defensive positioning and performance in the outfield
Authors: Murray Alan T. , Ortiz Antonio , Cho Seonga 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the past 20 years, professional and collegiate baseball has undergone a transformation, with statistics and analytics increasingly factoring into most of the decisions being made on the field. One particular example of the increased role of analytics is in the positioning of outfielders, who are tasked with tracking down balls hit to the outfield to record outs and minimize potential offensive damage. This paper explores the potential of location analytics to enhance the strategic positioning of players, enabling improved response and performance. We implement a location optimization model to analyze collegiate ball-tracking data, seeking outfielder locations that simultaneously minimize the average distance to a batted ball and maximize the weighted importance of batted ball coverage within a response standard. Trade-off outfielder configurations are compared to observed fielder positioning, finding that location models and spatial optimization can lead to performance improvements ranging from 1 to 3%, offering a significant strategic advantage over the course of a season.
Scalar Forcing Methodology for Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Stratified Mixture Combustion
Authors: Brearley Peter , Ahmed Umair , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractScalar forcing in the context of turbulent stratified flame simulations aims to maintain the fuel-air inhomogeneity in the unburned gas. With scalar forcing, stratified flame simulations have the potential to reach a statistically stationary state with a prescribed mixture fraction distribution and root-mean-square value in the unburned gas, irrespective of the turbulence intensity. The applicability of scalar forcing for Direct Numerical Simulations of stratified mixture combustion is assessed by considering a recently developed scalar forcing scheme, known as the reaction analogy method, applied to both passive scalar mixing and the imperfectly mixed unburned reactants of statistically planar stratified flames under low Mach number conditions. The newly developed method enables statistically symmetric scalar distributions between bell-shaped and bimodal to be maintained without any significant departure from the specified bounds of the scalar. Moreover, the performance of the newly proposed scalar forcing methodology has been assessed for a range of different velocity forcing schemes (Lundgren forcing and modified bandwidth forcing) and also without any velocity forcing. It has been found that the scalar forcing scheme has no adverse impact on flame-turbulence interaction and it only maintains the prescribed root-mean-square value of the scalar fluctuation, and its distribution. The scalar integral length scale evolution is shown to be unaffected by the scalar forcing scheme studied in this paper. Thus, the scalar forcing scheme has a high potential to provide a valuable computational tool to enable analysis of the effects of unburned mixture stratification on turbulent flame dynamics.
Climate change or mismanagement?
Authors: Froese Rainer , Papaioannou Eva , Scotti Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change and deoxygenation are affecting fish stocks on a global scale, but disentangling the impacts of these stressors from the effects of overfishing is a challenge. This study was conducted to distinguish between climate change and mismanagement as possible causes for the drastic decline in spawning stock size and reproductive success in cod (Gadus morhua) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Western Baltic Sea, when compared with the good or satisfactory status and reproductive success of the other commercial species in the area. Available data on water temperature, wind speed, and plankton bloom during the spawning season did not reveal conclusive correlations between years with good and bad reproductive success of cod or herring. Notably, the other commercial species in the area have very similar life history traits suggesting similar resilience against stress caused by climate change or fishing. The study concludes that severe, sustained overfishing plus inappropriate size selectivity of the main fishing gears have caused the decline in spawning stock biomass of cod and herring to levels that are known to have a high probability of impaired reproductive success. It is pointed out that allowed catches were regulated by management and adhered to by the fishers, meaning that unregulated fishing did not occur. Thus, mismanagement (quotas that were too high and gears that selected too small sizes) and not climate change appears to be the primary cause of the bad status of cod and herring in the Western Baltic Sea.
Identification of the factors determining the concentration and spatial distribution of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soils of the non-forest Tatra Mountains (southern Poland)
Authors: Ciarkowska Krystyna , Miechówka Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigated trace-metal (TM)––Zn, Pb and Cd––concentrations and spatial distributions in the uppermost layers of non-forest soils from Tatra National Park (West Carpathians). We aimed to determine the main factors affecting the distribution of TMs, as well as the risk they posed to the environment. TM concentrations were compared to the target and intervention values established by the Dutch Ministry. Principle component analysis was used to identify the potential factors affecting TM accumulation, with two-factor analysis being applied to further examine the importance of any given factor. To examine the regularity of the TM distribution, semivariograms were created. The semivariograms of Cd and Pb were similar, suggesting a moderate spatial dependence for these metal concentrations, while the Zn variogram indicated a lack of spatial continuity for this metal. We established that the Zn, Pb and Cd exceeded target levels and at some sites, Cd exceeded the intervention values, posing a strong ecological risk to the environment. Our study confirmed that the parent rock was the most important factor affecting the TM accumulation. The carbonate-free soils differed from carbonate soils in the second important factor affecting TM accumulation, for carbonate-free soils it was location when for carbonate soils–TM content in the parent material. The Zn, Pb and Cd distribution patterns indicated that Cd, but also to a lesser degree Pb and Zn, accumulation mainly resulted from long-range transport from industrialised areas, while the Zn concentrations were also affected by local sources, such as the historical mining of Zn ore.
Cost-allocation problems for fuzzy agents in a fixed-tree network
Authors: Fernández Julio R. , Gallego Inés , Jiménez-Losada Andrés , Ordóñez Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCost-allocation problems in a fixed network are concerned with distributing the costs for use by a group of clients who cooperate in order to reduce such costs. We work only with tree networks and we assume that a minimum cost spanning tree network has already been constructed and now we are interested in the maintenance costs. The classic problem supposes that each agent stays for the entire time in the same node of the network. This paper introduces cost-allocation problems in a fixed-tree network with a set of agents whose activity over the nodes is fuzzy. Agent’s needs to pay for each period of time may differ. Moreover, the agents do not always remain in the same node for each period. We propose the extension of a very well-known solution for these problems: Bird’s rule.
Imaging Luminescence Thermometry to 750 °C for the Heat Treatment of Common Engineering Alloys and Comparison with Thermal Imaging
Authors: Sutton Gavin , Korniliou Sofia , Andreu Aurik , Wilson David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate temperature measurements are critical in manufacturing, affecting both product quality and energy consumption. At elevated temperatures, non-contact thermometers are often the only option. However, such instruments require prior knowledge of the surface emissivity, which is often unknown or difficult to determine, leading to large errors. Here we present a novel imaging luminescence thermometer based on the intensity ratio technique using magnesium fluorogermanate phosphor, with the potential to overcome this limitation. We describe measurements performed on a number of engineering alloys undergoing heat treatment at temperatures of up to 750 °C and compare these measurements against a traditional contact thermocouple and thermal imager system. Agreement between the luminescence and embedded thermocouple temperatures was found to be better than 45 °C at all temperatures. However, the thermal imager measurement on the bare metal samples, with the instrument emissivity set to 1.0, showed differences of up to 500 °C at 750 °C, a factor of 10 larger. In an effort to improve the thermal imager accuracy, its instrument emissivity was adjusted until its temperature agreed with that of the thermocouple. When measuring on the bare metal, the effective emissivity was strongly sample dependent, with mean values ranging from 0.205 to 0.784. Since the phosphor derived temperatures exhibited substantially smaller errors compared to the thermal imager, it is suggested that this method can be used to compliment the thermal imaging technique, by providing a robust mechanism for adjustment of the instrument emissivity until agreement between the thermal imager and phosphor thermometer is obtained.
Measurement of clustering effectiveness for document collections
Authors: Yuan Meng , Zobel Justin , Lin Pauline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClustering of the contents of a document corpus is used to create sub-corpora with the intention that they are expected to consist of documents that are related to each other. However, while clustering is used in a variety of ways in document applications such as information retrieval, and a range of methods have been applied to the task, there has been relatively little exploration of how well it works in practice. Indeed, given the high dimensionality of the data it is possible that clustering may not always produce meaningful outcomes. In this paper we use a well-known clustering method to explore a variety of techniques, existing and novel, to measure clustering effectiveness. Results with our new, extrinsic techniques based on relevance judgements or retrieved documents demonstrate that retrieval-based information can be used to assess the quality of clustering, and also show that clustering can succeed to some extent at gathering together similar material. Further, they show that intrinsic clustering techniques that have been shown to be informative in other domains do not work for information retrieval. Whether clustering is sufficiently effective to have a significant impact on practical retrieval is unclear, but as the results show our measurement techniques can effectively distinguish between clustering methods.