bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taphonomic history and trophic interactions of an ammonoid fauna from the Upper Triassic Polzberg palaeobiota
Authors: Lukeneder Alexander , Lukeneder Petra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe taphonomic mechanisms of a mono- to pauci-specific ammonoid fauna comprising 3565 specimens from the lower Carnian Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte near Lunz am See (Northern Calcareous Alps, Lower Austria) is described. The fossiliferous layers were deposited during the Julian 2 Ib (Austrotrachyceras austriacum Zone, Austrotrachyceras minor biohorizon). The deposits comprise abundant nektic ammonoids of the trachyceratid genus Austrotrachyceras. The bivalve Halobia, dominant among the invertebrates, is followed in abundance by the ammonoids Austrotrachyceras and Paratrachyceras, the coleoid Phragmoteuthis and frequent vertebrate actinopterygian fish. The monotonous ammonoid assemblage comprises abundant Austrotrachyceras, frequent Paratrachyceras, rare Carnites and Simonyceras. Recently collected ammonoids were sampled bed-by-bed and compared to extensive historical collections from the same localities. Bromalites (coprolites and regurgitalites) produced by large durophagous fish comprise ammonoid and fish masses and accompany the ammonoid-dominated Polzberg palaeobiota. The ammonoid fauna here presents a window into the nektic cephalopod world of the Upper Triassic assemblage and palaeoenvironment during the deposition of the fossiliferous layers. The frequent occurrence of the vertically oriented (external side horizontal to bedding plane) ammonoid shell fragments hint at a deposition after lethal fish or coleoid attacks. The Polzberg ammonoids were deposited under calm and dysoxic conditions in fine-laminated marlstones and shales of the lower Carnian Polzberg Sub-Basin within the Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte.
Dynamic penetration behaviors of single/multi-layer graphene using nanoprojectile under hypervelocity impact
Authors: Sun Weifu , Zhang Tao , Jiang Jun , Chen Pengwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSingle/multilayer graphene holds great promise in withstanding impact/penetration as ideal protective material. In this work, dynamic penetration behaviors of graphene has been explored using molecular dynamics simulations. The crashworthiness performance of graphene is contingent upon the number of layers and impact velocity. The variables including residual velocity and kinetic energy loss under different layers or different impact velocities have been monitored during the hypervelocity impact. Results show that there exists deviation from the continuum Recht–Ipson and Rosenberg–Dekel models, but these models tend to hold to reasonably predict the ballistic limit velocity of graphene with increasing layers. Besides, fractal theory has been introduced here and proven valid to quantitatively describe the fracture morphology. Furthermore, Forrestal–Warren rigid body model II still can well estimate the depth of penetration of multilayer graphene under a certain range of velocity impact. Finally, one modified model has been proposed to correlate the specific penetration energy with the number of layer and impact velocity.
The effects of dietary proline, β-alanine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the nest construction behavior in the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis)
Authors: Bouchebti Sofia , Bodner Levona , Bergman Maya , Magory Cohen Tali , Levin Eran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdult wasps primary food resource is larval saliva. This liquid secretion consists mainly of amino acids and carbohydrates processed from the prey brought to the colony by the foragers. However, adults also regularly consume floral nectar. The nectar's most abundant proteinogenic amino acid is proline, and the two most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acids are β-alanine and GABA. These three amino acids are also common in larval saliva. Here, we study the effect of these dietary amino acids on the physiology and nest construction behavior of the Oriental hornet. Our results reveal their deleterious effects, especially at high concentrations: β-alanine and GABA consumption reduced the hornets' lifespan and completely inhibited their construction behavior; while proline induced a similar but more moderate effect. At low concentrations, these amino acids had no effect on hornet survival but did slow down the nest construction process. Using carbon isotopically labeled amino acids, we show that, unlike proline, β-alanine is stored in most body tissues (brain, muscles, and fat body), suggesting that it is rapidly metabolized after consumption. Our findings demonstrate how a single amino acid can impact the fitness of a nectarivore insect.
Radiofrequency-assisted transection of the pancreas vs stapler in distal pancreatectomy: a propensity score matched cohort analysis
Authors: Pueyo-Périz E. , Téllez-Marquès C. , Radosevic A. , Morató O. , Visa L. , Ilzarbe L. , Berjano E. , de Vicente E. , Poves I. , Ielpo B. , Grande L. , Burdío F. , Sánchez-Velázquez P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo demonstrate the efficacy of radiofrequency for pancreatic stump closure in reducing the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in distal pancreatectomy (DP) compared with mechanical transection methods. Despite all the different techniques of pancreatic stump closure proposed for DP, best practice for avoiding POPF remains an unresolved issue, with an incidence of up to 30% regardless of center volume or surgical expertise. DP was performed in a cohort of patients by applying radiofrequency to stump closure (RF Group) and compared with mechanical closure (Control Group). A propensity score (PS) matched cohort study was carried out to minimize bias from nonrandomized treatment assignment. Cohorts were matched by PS accounting for factors significantly associated with either undergoing RF transection or mechanical closure through logistic regression analysis. The primary end-point was the incidence of clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF). Of 89 patients included in the whole cohort, 13 case patients from the RF-Group were 1:1 matched to 13 control patients. In both the first independent analysis of unmatched data and subsequent adjustment to the overall propensity score-matched cohort, a higher rate of CR-POPF in the Control Group compared with the RF-Group was detected (25.4% vs 5.3%, p = 0.049 and 53.8% vs 0%; p = 0.016 respectively). The RF Group showed better outcomes in terms of readmission rate (46.2% vs 0%, p = 0.031). No significant differences were observed in terms of mortality, major complications (30.8% vs 0%, p = 0.063) or length of hospital stay (5.7 vs 5.2 days, p = 0.89). Findings suggest that the RF-assisted technique is more efficacious in reducing CR-POPF than mechanical pancreatic stump closure.
Total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of (+)-hygrophorone B12 and its analogues
Authors: Kamishima Takaaki , Suzuki Masato , Narita Koichi , Koseki Yoshitaka , Nonaka Toshiyuki , Nakatsuji Hirotaka , Hattori Hideo , Kasai Hitoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of lead compounds with a new chemical skeleton that is not found in conventional antimicrobial agents. The biologically attractive cyclopentenoid (+)-hygrophorone B12, isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hygrophorus abieticola, and its analogues were synthesized in a longer linear sequence of twelve steps, starting from a cyclopentenone derivative. This synthesis involved the following crucial steps: (i) oximation of a ketone to stabilize the requisite aldehyde to install a side chain and (ii) coupling of an aldehyde with a side chain to assemble the desired hygrophorone. Then, the antimicrobial activity of these hygrophorones towards clinically relevant bacterial pathogens was evaluated. The results showed that hygrophorone B12 and its analogues are especially effective in preventing the proliferation of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, it was found that some structural features such as the presence of the enone moiety as well as the carbon–carbon triple bond on the hydrocarbon chain were pivotal to increase the antimicrobial activity of hygrophorone B. This study is expected to support the development of novel antimicrobial agents by flexibly synthesizing hygrophorone B analogues with a carbon five-membered ring skeleton from the common intermediate.
Laminar shear stress inhibits inflammation by activating autophagy in human aortic endothelial cells through HMGB1 nuclear translocation
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Pu Luya , Qi Mingran , Li Shuai , Sun Banghao , Wang Yaru , Liu Bin , Li Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) by targeting the inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells has attracted much attention in recent years. Laminar shear stress (LSS) has well-recognized anti-AS properties, however, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that LSS could inhibit the increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) caused by TNF-α in an autophagy-dependent pathway in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B2 (EPHB2) was a key gene in response to LSS. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that LSS could enhance the EPHB2-mediated nuclear translocation of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which interacts with Beclin-1 (BECN1) and finally leads to autophagy. Simultaneously, we identified an LSS-sensitive long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LOC10798635, and constructed an LSS-related LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 regulatory axis. Further research revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of LSS depends on autophagy activation resulting from the nuclear translocation of HMGB1 via the LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 axis. Our study demonstrates that LSS could regulate the expression of EPHB2 in HAECs, and the LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 axis plays a vital role in AS development.
Full quantum control of enantiomer-selective state transfer in chiral molecules despite degeneracy
Authors: Leibscher Monika , Pozzoli Eugenio , Pérez Cristobal , Schnell Melanie , Sigalotti Mario , Boscain Ugo , Koch Christiane P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe driven quantum asymmetric top is an important paradigm in molecular physics with applications ranging from quantum information to chiral-sensitive spectroscopy. A key prerequisite for these applications is the ability to completely control the rotational dynamics. The inherent degeneracy of quantum rotors poses a challenge for quantum control since selecting a particular rotational state cannot be achieved by spectral selection alone. Here, we prove complete controllability for rotational states of an asymmetric top belonging to degenerate values of the orientational quantum number M. Based on this insight, we construct a pulse sequence that energetically separates population in degenerate M-states. Introducing the concept of enantio-selective controllability, we determine the conditions for complete enantiomer-specific population transfer in chiral molecules and construct pulse sequences for the example of propanediol and carvone molecules for population initially distributed over degenerate M-states. Our work shows how to leverage controllability analysis for the solution of practical quantum control problems.
Thermal relaxation and cooling of quark stars with a strangelet crust
Authors: Zapata J. , Sales T. , Jaikumar P. , Negreiros R. 
Published: May 2022

Context. In this article we explore the cooling of isolated quark stars. These objects are structured from a homogeneous quark matter core and crusted by ordinary matter or by strangelets.
Aims. Our main purpose is to quantify the effects of a strangelet crust on the cooling and relaxation times of these strange stars.
Methods. We adopt two kinds of crust: (i) a crust made of purely nuclear matter following the Baym-Pethick-Sutherland equation of state (EOS) and (ii) a crust made of nuggets of strange quark matter (strangelets). Both models have the same quark matter core, described by the MIT bag model EOS. Our study also includes the possible effects of color superconductivity in the quark core.
Results. We have found that objects with a strangelet crust have a significantly different thermal relaxation time.
Verfügbarkeit von Medikamenten für die Behandlung von Katzen mit Augenerkrankungen in Deutschland – Diskrepanz zwischen Theorie und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Farger Michaela Veronika , Eule Johanna Corinna 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Es gibt nur wenige Ophthalmologika, die speziell für Katzen zugelassen sind, weshalb häufig humanmedizinische Arzneimittel angewandt werden. Die Anwendung, Umwidmung, Abgabe und Verschreibung von Arzneimitteln ist in Deutschland durch das Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG) und die Verordnung über tierärztliche Hausapotheken (TÄHAV) geregelt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Daten über das Vorkommen und die Häufigkeit von Erkrankungen des Katzenauges zu gewinnen sowie die Häufigkeit der Notwendigkeit einer Umwidmung darzustellen. Ausgehend von den erhobenen Daten wurden evidenzbasiert optimale Behandlungspläne erstellt und diese im Hinblick auf die Umsetzbarkeit in Deutschland überprüft.Material und Methoden Es wurden Daten von 876 Katzen (01.01.2015–31.12.2018) mit Augenproblemen aus der Klinik für kleine Haustiere der Freien Universität Berlin sowie einer Kleintierpraxis in Süddeutschland ausgewertet. Anschließend wurde überprüft, welche Medikamente zugelassen und/oder im Rahmen von Umwidmungen für diese Patienten in Deutschland theoretisch zugänglich gewesen wären.Ergebnisse Bei 925 ophthalmologischen Untersuchungen wurden 1198 Diagnosen gestellt. Zu den am häufigsten vorkommenden Diagnosen zählten Konjunktivitis, Keratitis, Uveitis, hypertensive Retinopathie und Glaukom. 885/1198 (73,9 %) waren behandlungspflichtige Erkrankungen, was 722/925 (78,1 %) Fällen entspricht. Für alle Patienten wäre gemäß den entwickelten evidenzbasierten Therapieplänen eine Therapie möglich gewesen – in 225/722 (31,2 %) Fällen ohne Umwidmung und in 497/722 (68,8 %) Fällen mit Umwidmung. Bei 481/497 (96,8 %) der Umwidmungsfälle wären humanmedizinische, bei 28/497 (5,6 %) veterinärmedizinische und in 60/497 (12,2 %) individuell hergestellte Arzneimittel benötigt worden. In 36/722 (5 %) der Fälle wäre jedoch im Rahmen des rechtlichen Spielraums keine optimale Versorgung möglich gewesen.Schlussfolgerung Die ophthalmologische Therapie der Katze ist unter Zuhilfenahme der Therapienotstandsregelung innerhalb des gesetzlichen Rahmens in Deutschland möglich. Lediglich 5 % der Patienten konnten medizinisch nicht optimal versorgt werden. Diese Lücke könnte durch eine möglichst breite Zulassung von Ophthalmologika sowie durch die Entwicklung und Erforschung neuer Wirkstoffe und Tierarzneimittel geschlossen werden.
Laparoscopic ovariectomy in a dog with type III sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis and literature review
Authors: Brückner Michael , Bogisch Sandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare and not well-recognized disease in veterinary medicine. A 14-month-old female intact mixed-breed dog was diagnosed with sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) at the age of 5 months after a routine work-up including biopsies from an exploratory laparotomy. Symptomatic treatment with an immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone was started, but dose reduction was unsuccessful. Combined treatment with tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for its TGF-β1 suppression of fibroblasts was discussed; the owner was informed about the risk for developing a pyometra. About one year later the owner wanted to spay her dog and an ovariectomy was recommended, especially due to the extensive adhesions. A laparoscopic approach was chosen to reduce the amount of intraoperative tissue manipulation and inflammation, as well as to minimize the size of the incision. The dog continues to be doing well one year after surgery and prednisolone could be reduced to a low maintenance dose after surgery; so far, the addition of tamoxifen was not required. In selected cases, laparoscopy appears as a safe alternative in patients with adhesions, but the surgeon should always be prepared to convert in case of impaired vision, especially in the absence of tactile sensation. This case report is the first description of laparoscopy in a dog with SEP. Laparoscopy may serve as an easily accomplished minimally invasive method to diagnose SEP, but further studies are required.
Food Interactions Observed in a Pharmacokinetic Investigation Comparing Two Marketed Cold Preparations (BNO1016 and ELOM-080) after Administration to Beagle Dogs – A Pilot Study
Authors: Seibel Jan , Neumann Astrid , Müller Anne , Wonnemann Meinolf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSinupret extract (BNO 1016) and Gelomyrtol forte (ELOM-080) represent the two top-selling cold remedies in Germany nowadays. Whereas BNO 1016 is a typical immediate release coated tablet, ELOM-080 is an enteric-coated soft gelatin capsule. The latter formulation, however, is at risk of pharmacokinetic interactions affecting absorption, especially in cases of concomitant food intake. In the present pilot study, we investigated the risk of a possible food effect in three male beagle dogs. Single doses of BNO 1016 and ELOM-80 were administered under fasting and fed conditions. Blood was sampled up to 30 h post-administration and plasma concentrations of the characteristic ingredients of BNO 1016 as well as ELOM-080 analytes were determined. Pharmacokinetic parameters focusing on the rate and extent of absorption were derived. BNO 1016 analytes demonstrated a similar course in both the fasted and fed states. ELOM-080 analytes also showed a similar picture in the fasted state. However, lag times (time from administration to first quantifiable time point in plasma) of up to 2 h post-administration with corresponding time to reach maximum concentration (obtained directly from the measured concentration) values of 3 to 4 h were observed, reflecting a longer gastric residence time. In the fed state, ELOM-080 showed significant pharmacokinetic characteristics, suggesting a clear food effect. A major observation was a double peak phenomenon that could be observed in two of three dogs. Furthermore, lag times of some analytes, up to 3 – 4 h, and corresponding time to reach maximum concentration values, up to 6 – 8 h, occurred. In contrast to BNO 1016, these findings suggest that, as with other enteric-coated formulations, there may also be a significant risk for food effects with ELOM-080 in humans.
Parameterization of Arynophiles: Experimental Investigations towards a Quantitative Understanding of Aryne Trapping Reactions
Authors: McCormick Theresa M. , Stuart David R. , Metze Bryan E. , Bhattacharjee Avik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArynes are highly reactive intermediates that may be used strategically in synthesis by trapping with arynophilic reagents. However, ‘arynophilicity’ of such reagents is almost completely anecdotal and predicting which ones will be efficient traps is often challenging. Here, we describe a systematic study to parameterize the arynophilicity of a wide range of reagents known to trap arynes. A relative reactivity scale, based on one-pot competition experiments, is presented by using furan as a reference arynophile and 3-chlorobenzyne as a the aryne. More than 15 arynophiles that react in pericyclic reactions, nucleophilic addition, and σ-bond insertion reactions are parameterized with arynophilicity (A) values, and multiple aryne precursors are applicable.
Discharge characteristics of steady-state high-density plasma source based on cascade arc discharge with hollow cathode
Authors: Yamasaki K. , Yanagi O. , Sunada Y. , Hatta K. , Shigesada R. , Sumino M. , Yamaguchi T. , Islam Md. Anwarul , Tamura N. , Okuno H. , Namba S. 
Published: May 2022

We developed a steady-state high-density plasma source by applying a hollow cathode to a cascade arc discharge device. The hollow cathode is made of a thermionic material (LaB6) to facilitate plasma production inside it. The cascade arc discharge device with the hollow cathode produced a stationary plasma with an electron density of about 1016 cm−3. It was found that the plasma source produces a strong pressure gradient between the gas feed and the vacuum chamber. The plasma source separated the atmospheric pressure (100 kPa) and a vacuum (100 Pa) when the discharge was performed with an argon gas flow rate of 5.0 l/min and a discharge current of 40 A. An analysis of the pressure gradient along the plasma source showed that the pressure difference between the gas feed and the vacuum chamber can be well described by the Hagen–Poiseuille flow equation, indicating that the viscosity of the neutral gas is the dominant factor for producing this pressure gradient. A potential profile analysis suggested that the plasma was mainly heated within cylindrical channels whose inner diameter was 3 mm. This feature and the results of the pressure ratio analysis indicated that the temperature, and, thus, viscosity, of the neutral gas increased with the increasing number of intermediate electrodes. The discharge characteristics and shape of the hollow cathode are suitable for plasma window applications.
Optimising conservation translocations of threatened
Authors: Reiter Noushka , Menz Myles H. M. 
Published: May 2022

Context Conservation translocations are increasingly being used in the management of rare plants, yet have low success in maintaining populations through recruitment. Aims We investigated whether the survival of translocated plants, recruitment and, therefore, cost effectiveness, can be improved by selecting optimal microsites for both adults and seedlings. Methods Caladenia colorata plants propagated symbiotically with Serendipita australiana (n = 735) were introduced to four sites where the pollinator was present and vegetation matched wild populations. Plant demography was monitored over 6 years. The relationship between microsite variables and measures of orchid survival, re-emergence, flowering and recruitment were analysed with generalised linear mixed-effects models. We then estimated potential improvement in emergence and recruitment, if microsite selection was optimised. Key results A total of 77% of plants survived translocation, and populations grew by 84% through recruitment (n = 615). Survival was positively associated with cover of leaf litter, graminoids and cryptogams. Recruitment was positively correlated with soil moisture. The majority of recruitment was within 5 cm of adult C. colorata plants. The potential improvement by selecting favourable microsites increased adult survival by up to 8% and recruitment by 10–40%. Conclusions Incorporating both the germination niche and adult plant niche within plant translocations more broadly could significantly improve long-term population persistence and the utilisation of conservation funding. Implications Our results are directly applicable to 58 endangered Caladenia species in the subgenus Calonema, owing to their shared mycorrhizal association with S. australiana. Furthermore, our results are applicable to all plant translocations as understanding germination niche and microhabitat requirements is likely to improve success overall.