bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rich-Club Connectivity of the Structural Covariance Network Relates to Memory Processes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Drenthen Gerhard S. , Backes Walter H. , Freeze Whitney M. , Jacobs Heidi I.L. , Verheggen Inge C.M. , van Boxtel Martin P.J. , Hoff Erik I. , Verhey Frans R. , Jansen Jacobus F.A. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Though mediotemporal lobe volume changes are well-known features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), grey matter volume changes may be distributed throughout the brain. These distributed changes are not independent due to the underlying network structure and can be described in terms of a structural covariance network (SCN). Objective: To investigate how the cortical brain organization is altered in AD we studied the mutual connectivity of hubs in the SCN, i.e., the rich-club. Methods: To construct the SCNs, cortical thickness was obtained from structural MRI for 97 participants (normal cognition, n = 37; mild cognitive impairment, n = 41; Alzheimer-type dementia, n = 19). Subsequently, rich-club coefficients were calculated from the SCN, and related to memory performance and hippocampal volume using linear regression. Results: Lower rich-club connectivity was related to lower memory performance as well as lower hippocampal volume. Conclusion: Therefore, this study provides novel evidence of reduced connectivity in hub areas in relation to AD-related cognitive impairments and atrophy.
Diabetes, Hypertension, and the Risk of Dementia
Authors: Yen Fu-Shun , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Yip Hei-Tung , Hwu Chii-Min , Hsu Chih-Cheng 
Published: July 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN) are well-known modifiable risk factors for dementia, but their intricate attributes accounting for dementia development has not been clearly delineated. Objective: We conducted this study to investigate and compare the effects of T2D and HTN on dementia risk. Methods: We screened data of matched pairs of patients with T2D or HTN between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Fine and Gray’s subdistribution hazard models were used for calculating the risk of dementia. Results: Patients with T2D and subsequent HTN were associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause dementia (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25–1.83) and vascular dementia (aHR 2.30, 95% CI 1.71–3.13) compared with those without subsequent HTN. Patients with HTN and subsequent T2D were associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause dementia (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.21), vascular dementia (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.62–1.34), and other dementia (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.66) compared with those without subsequent HTN. The subgroups of male and female patients, age of 50–69 and 70–90 years with subsequent comorbidity were associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia than those without subsequent comorbidity. Conclusion: This nationwide cohort study demonstrated that patients with T2D and subsequent HTN had association with higher risks of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia, and those with HTN and subsequent T2D were associated with higher risks of all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia.
Systemic Injection of Aged Blood Plasma in Adult C57BL/6 Mice Induces Neurophysiological Impairments in the Hippocampal CA1
Authors: Huffels Christiaan F.M. , van Dijk Roland E. , Karst Henk , Meye Frank J. , Hol Elly M. , Middeldorp Jinte 
Published: July 2022

Background: Aging is characterized by systemic alterations and forms an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, it has been indicated that blood-borne factors present in the systemic milieu contribute to the aging process. Exposing young mice to aged blood plasma results in impaired neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus, as well as impaired cognition. Vice versa, treating aged mice with young blood plasma rescues impairments associated with aging. Objective: Whether blood-borne factors are sufficient to drive impairments outside the dentate gyrus, how they impact neurophysiology, and how the functional outcome compares to impairments found in mouse models for AD is still unclear. Methods: Here, we treated adult mice with blood plasma from aged mice and assessed neurophysiological parameters in the hippocampal CA1. Results: Mice treated with aged blood plasma show significantly impaired levels of long-term potentiation (LTP), similar to those present in APP/PS1 mice. These impaired levels of LTP in plasma-treated mice are associated with alterations in basic properties of glutamatergic transmission and the enhanced activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Conclusion: Together, the data presented in this study show that blood-borne factors are sufficient to drive neurophysiological impairments in the hippocampal CA1.
Long-Term Depression-Inducing Low Frequency Stimulation Enhances p-Tau181 and p-Tau217 in an Age-Dependent Manner in Live Rats
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Yang Yin , Hu Zhengtao , Zhu Manyi , Qin Shuangying , Yu Pengpeng , Li Bo , Xu Jitian , Ondrejcak Tomas , Klyubin Igor , Rowan Michael J. , Hu Neng-Wei 
Published: July 2022

Background: Cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) correlates with the extent of tau pathology, in particular tau hyperphosphorylation, which is strongly age-associated. Although elevation of cerebrospinal fluid or blood levels of phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) at residues Thr181 (p-Tau181), Thr217 (p-Tau217), and Thr231 (p-Tau231) are proposed to be particularly sensitive markers of preclinical AD, the generation of p-Tau during brain activity is poorly understood. Objective: To study whether the expression levels of p-Tau181, p-Tau217, and p-Tau231 can be enhanced by physiological synaptic long-term depression (LTD) which has been linked to the enhancement of p-Tau in hippocampus. Methods: In vivo electrophysiology was performed in urethane anesthetized young adult and aged male rats. Low frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) was used to induce LTD at CA3 to CA1 synapses. The expression level of p-Tau and total tau was measured in dorsal hippocampus using immunofluorescent staining and/or western blotting. Results: We found that LFS enhanced p-Tau181 and p-Tau217 in an age-dependent manner in the hippocampus of live rats. In contrast, phosphorylation at residues Thr231, Ser202/Thr205, and Ser396 appeared less sensitive to LFS. Pharmacological antagonism of either N-methyl-D-aspartate or metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors inhibited the elevation of both p-Tau181 and p-Tau217. Targeting the integrated stress response, which increases with aging, using a small molecule inhibitor ISRIB, prevented the enhancement of p-Tau by LFS in aged rats. Conclusion: Together, our data provide a novel in vivo means to uncover brain plasticity-related cellular and molecular processes of tau phosphorylation at key sites in health and aging.
PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ACADEMIC HELP-SEEKING SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Lanani Karman 
Published: July 2022

Pembelajaran matematika melalui interaksi guru dan siswa dalam penciptaan situasi belajar bertujuan terbentuknya kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sistimatis dalam memecahkan permasalahan matematika untuk memiliki sikap menghargai kegunaan matematika secara realistis mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional. Merealisasikan tujuan tersebut, dibutuhkan pembelajaran disamping mentransfer materinya sesuai tuntutan kurikulum, juga disertai pemberian makna dimana siswa dapat menggunakan kemampuan dan kepercayaan dirinya secara leluasa dan menyenangkan, sehingga menimbulkan kemampuan matematis pada siswa. Konsepsi ini selayaknya menjadi muatan profesionalisme guru dalam pembelajaran untuk menumbuhkan perilaku siswa dalam berkolaborasi memanfaatkan lingkungan akademik sebagai sumber belajar untuk pengatasi permasalahan belajarnya. Kondisi ini mendorong terbentuknya perilaku dimana siswa membutuhkan bantuan dan dapat memberikan bantuan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Menurut Ryan & Pintrich (1997) bahwa perilaku mencari bantuan merupakan usaha individu menggunakan orang lain sebagai sumber untuk mengatasi ketidakjelasan dan kesulitan dalam proses belajar. Aktivitas mencari bantuan dalam belajar matematika pada siswa disamping sebagai strategi belajar juga merupakan proses interaksi sosial antara siswa dengan orang lain guna memperoleh solusi bagi permasalahannya. Siswa yang dapat memanfaatkan lingkungan akademik secara baik akan membantu menyelesaikan masalah kesulitan yang dialaminya. Pembelajaran yang menciptakan situasi kolaboratif adalah pembelajaran berbasis proyek atau Project Based Learning (PBL). PBL merupakan model pembelajaran yang berfokus pada konsep-konsep dan prinsip-prinsip utama dari suatu disiplin, melibatkan siswa dalam kegiatan pemecahan masalah dan tugas-tugas bermakna, memberi peluang siswa bekerja secara otonom mengkonstruk belajar mereka sendiri, dan menghasilkan produk karya siswa. Menurut Santyasa (2007) bahwa, PBL berfokus pada konsep dan prinsip inti sebuah disiplin, memfasilitasi siswa untuk berinvestigasi, pemecahan masalah, dan tugas-tugas secara bermakna, students center, dan menghasilkan produk nyata.
BERPIKIR MATEMATIS DENGAN METODE INDUKTIF, DEDUKTIF, ANALOGI, INTEGRATIF DAN ABSTRAK
Authors: Sari Diah Prawitha 
Published: July 2022

Makalah ini membahas tentang berpikir matematika dengan metode induktif, deduktif, analogi, integratif, dan abstrak. Uraian didasarkan atas analisis terhadap: (1) berpikir induktif merupakan suatu proses berpikir yang bertolak dari sejumlah fenomena individual untuk menurunkan suatu kesimpulan (inferensi); (2) Berpikir deduktif adalah proses pengambilan kesimpulan yang didasarkan kepada premis-premis yang keberadaannya telah ditentukan; (3) Berpikir analogi adalah berbicara tentang dua hal yang berlainan, yang satu bukan yang lain, tetapi dua hal yang berbeda itu dibandingkan satu dengan yang lain.; (4) Melalui penerapan integratif proses pengajaran menjadi lebih kompleks, hal ini melibatkan komponen internal dan eksternal; (5) Kemampuan berpikir abstrak tidak terlepas dari pengetahuan tentang konsep, karena berpikir memerlukan kemampuan untuk membayangkan atau menggambarkan benda dan peristiwa yang secara fisik tidak selalu ada.
Pengembangan Soal HOTS pada Materi Aljabar
Authors: Yazidah Nok Izatul , Argarini Dian Fitri , Sulistyorini Yunis 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengahasilkan soal HOTS yang valid dan efektif pada materi aljabar. Penelitian ini mengacu pada model pengembangan 4D. Model pengembangan 4D ini terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu define, design, develop dan yang terakhir adalah disseminate, namun pada penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap develop. Hasil dari validasi para ahli materi ini menyatakan bahwa soal HOTS ini valid dengan rata-rata nilai 3,39. Berdasarkan hasil ujicoba pertama dengan menggunakan penyebaran angket yang menyatakan bahwa menurut para siswa memang perlu adanya soal HOTS dalam pembelajaran matematika. ujicoba kedua ini adalah ujicoba soal, yang mana pada ujicoba ini memang karena siswa belum terbiasa dengan soal HOTS ini siswa masih banyak yang tidak bisa menyelesaikankannya namu mereka sudah mampu memahami maksud dari soal tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan soal HOTS adala valid dan efektif untuk digunakan pada pembelajaran matematika.
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Obesitas Pada Anak Usia Sekolah : Literature Review
Authors: Ayu Pradika Raden Roro Tiya , Sari Armenia Daih , Suminar Istinengtyas Tirta 
Published: July 2022

Obesitas merupakan penumpukan lemak yang berlebihan akibat ketidak seimbangan asupan energi (energy intake) dengan energi yang digunakan (energy expenditure) dalam waktu lama. Gaya hidup kurang aktivitas fisik disertai dengan pola makan yang berlebih, yaitu asupan tinggi karbohidrat, lemak, protein dan rendah serat dapat menyebabkan faktor tejadinya obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak usia sekolah berdasarkan penelusuran literature. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan literature review dengan study cross sectional. Bahan terdiri dari enam jurnal dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa inggris yang dapat diakses full-text. Penelitian menggunakan enam artikel nasional dan intenasional, pencarian artikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci (keyword) berupa aktivitas fisik, obesitas, dan anak usia sekolah. Metode pencarian Artikel melalui Google Scholar, Portal Garuda dan PubMed. Keenam artikel tersebut dengan masing-masing sebagai bahan analisa kondisi aktivitas fisik, obesitas serta mengetahui hubungan. Aktivitas fisik yang ringan menyebabkan keluaran energi menjadi rendah sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan, serta obesitas pada anak sangat merugikan kualitas hidup anak, sehingga ada hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lima dari enam artikel terdapat adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Ilmu keperawatan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan, tenaga kesehatan mampu memberikan informasi dan intervensi, peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan mampu melakukan penelitian lanjutan terkait intervensi, dan diharapkan orang tua dan guru dapat mengontrol anak melakukan aktifitas fisik.
Families’ Experiences of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Congenital Hyperinsulinism: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Auckburally Sameera Hannah , Worth Chris , Salomon-Estebanez Maria , Nicholson Jacqueline , Harper Simon , Nutter Paul W. , Banerjee Indraneel 
Published: July 2022

Background and AimsIn patients with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), recurrent hypoglycaemia can lead to longstanding neurological impairments. At present, glycaemic monitoring is with intermittent fingerprick blood glucose testing but this lacks utility to identify patterns and misses hypoglycaemic episodes between tests. Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is well established in type 1 diabetes, its use has only been described in small studies in patients with CHI. In such studies, medical perspectives have been provided without fully considering the views of families using CGM. In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore families’ experiences of using CGM in order to inform future clinical strategies for the management of CHI.MethodsTen patients with CHI in a specialist centre used CGM for twelve weeks. All were invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine families in whom patient ages ranged between two and seventeen years. Transcripts of the audio-recorded interviews were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis method.ResultsAnalysis revealed five core themes: CGM’s function as an educational tool; behavioural changes; positive experiences; negative experiences; and design improvements. Close monitoring and retrospective analysis of glucose trends allowed for enhanced understanding of factors that influenced glucose levels at various times of the day. Parents noted more hypoglycaemic episodes than previously encountered through fingerprick tests; this new knowledge prompted modification of daily routines to prevent and improve the management of hypoglycaemia. CGM use was viewed favourably as offering parental reassurance, reduced fingerprick tests and predictive warnings. However, families also reported unfavourable aspects of alarms and questionable accuracy at low glucose levels. Adolescents were frustrated by the short proximity range for data transmission resulting in the need to always carry a separate receiver. Overall, families were positive about the use of CGM but expected application to be tailored to their child’s medical condition.ConclusionsPatients and families with CHI using CGM noticed trends in glucose levels which motivated behavioural changes to reduce hypoglycaemia with advantages outweighing disadvantages. They expected CHI-specific modifications to enhance utility. Future design of CGM should incorporate end users’ opinions and experiences for optimal glycaemic monitoring of CHI.
Marine Biofuels Costs and Emissions Study for the European Supply Chain Till 2030
Authors: Gartland Nicolas , Pruyn Jeroen 
Published: July 2022

The design and preliminary estimations of biomass supply chains are essential in matching energy supply to energy demand. This is especially true of novel/future fuels and technologies in large industries. In this paper, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was formulated to represent biofuel supply chains across Europe for the production of three novel marine fuels and to allow the selection of fuel conversion technologies, biomass supply locations, and the logistics of transportation from resources to conversion and from conversion to final markets. On top of this, the total production costs and emissions were calculated and compared to current marine fuels to assess the implementation potential and feasibility of these fuels. The MILP model was used to design and analyze optimal distribution and conversion systems, using a realistic data-set covering the European member states and 15 of the largest bunkering ports in the EU. The results showed that on average, the fuels obtained a 72% greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction compared to a fossil fuel comparator and ranged from 22–36 €/GJ in total production costs. It was also discovered that forestry residues were the best-suited biomass for the production of these fuels and that Poland had the highest supply potential of all considered states. The available supply of biomass was sufficient for the demand in the foreseeable future, the largest impediment to the adoption of these fuels is the available refining potential in Europe.
The Prevalence of Non-infectious Diseases Among Overseas Chinese Workers in 2018
Authors: Zhang Bolin , Ye Xiangguang , Chen Qi , Jiang Qinqin , Zhang Xueying , Tong Lian 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWith the “Belt and Road” initiative, more Chinese citizens have gone abroad to engage in overseas labor activities. Few studies have investigated the prevalence of non-infectious diseases among Chinese overseas workers. This study seeks to fill the gap and illustrate the relevant diseases in a population of Chinese overseas workers.MethodsThe health records of 13,529 Chinese migrant workers (12,917 males, mean age 41.3 ± 8.7 years, and 612 females, mean age 33.1 ± 10.2 years) who visited the International Travel Health Care Center in Anhui province were obtained. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between the prevalence of non-infectious diseases and sex, as well as the association between non-infectious diseases and length of stay abroad.ResultsIn this study, 34.6% of overseas workers were found to have one or more types of non-infectious diseases. Hypertension had the highest prevalence (9.58%). Hypertension, fatty liver, renal disease and abnormal liver function tests were more prevalent among male workers than among female workers, while anemia and abnormal urinalysis were more prevalent among female workers. The prevalence of hypertension, renal diseases, liver diseases and gallbladder diseases increased with the length of stay abroad.ConclusionNon-infectious diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases were highly prevalent among Chinese overseas workers. Hence the monitoring of non-infectious diseases needs to be enhanced to reduce China's overall disease burden in the future.
Association Between Beta-Carotene Supplementation and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Corbi Graziamaria , Ali Sawan , Intrieri Mariano , Modaferri Sergio , Calabrese Vittorio , Davinelli Sergio , Scapagnini Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAging is a phenomenon universally involving all organisms, genetically determined, and epigenetically influenced by the environment. Numerous observational studies have shown the positive impact of non-pharmacological approaches started in younger age on chronic conditions affecting the elderly health and survival. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of beta-carotene on the total and cause-specific mortality as reported by randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL Cochrane from inception to September 2021. Studies were eligible if enrolled adults with any health condition, compared beta-carotene supplements at any dose with placebo or no intervention, provided information on deaths from any cause, and were RCTs, in English. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the GRADE. Risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong 3,942 articles searched, 44 articles on 31 RCTs, which included 216,734 total subjects, 108,622 in beta-carotene supplement groups, and 108,112 in the placebo or no-intervention groups, were involved in the final analyses. In a random-effects meta-analysis of all 31 trials, beta-carotene supplements were found to have no preventive effect on mortality (risk ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.05, I2 = 42%). Further, the analysis showed no preventive effect on cancer, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and other mortality causes. Instead, beta-carotene supplementation significantly increased the risk of lung cancer mortality (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.27, I2 = 3%) but decreased the risk of human immunodeficiency virus-related mortality (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33, 0.92, I2 = 0).ConclusionMore studies should be performed to better define the role of beta-carotene on survival, to confirm or deny our results. Therefore, the possible beneficial or harmful effects of the beta-carotene supplementation on mortality must not be overstated.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=259354], identifier [CRD42021259354].
Time perception changes in stroke patients: A systematic literature review
Authors: Coelho Pedro , Rodrigues Joana Amado , Nascimento Alves Pedro , Fonseca Ana Catarina 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionTime perception comprises the subjective experience of passing of time and of the duration of an event. Although already described in some neurological and psychiatric conditions, there is a paucity of details regarding this neurocognitive change in stroke patients. We aimed to describe time perception dysfunction in stroke patient.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and EMBASE including manuscripts from their inception until December 2020. We collected data regarding the type of time perception that was detected, type of stroke, most common location of lesions, evaluation tests that were used and time of evaluation after stroke onset.ResultsA total of 27 manuscripts were selected, concerning a total of 418 patients (n= 253 male; 60.5%). Most manuscripts (n= 21) evaluated patients with ischaemic lesions (n= 407; 97.4%). The majority referred to evaluations between 2 months and seven years after stroke. Underestimation in temporal evaluation in sub- and supra-second was the most common dysfunction (n= 165; 41.7%). Overestimation of time (n= 116; 27.8%) and impaired time interval comparison (n= 88; 22.2%) were also found. Most patients had right hemisphere lesions (n= 219 patients; 52.4%). Common reported lesion locations included the thalamus, insula, basal ganglia, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex including supramarginal, angular gyrus and right inferior parietal cortex and cerebellum.ConclusionThere are multiple stroke locations associated with time perception dysfunction, which highlights the complex system involved in time perception. There is still scarce knowledge about specific time perception deficits after stroke. Most studies rely in psychometric analysis without clear clinical and functional translation, namely regarding impact on daily activities.