bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macro-Demographics and Ageing in Emerging Asia: the Case of Indonesia
Authors: Kudrna George , Le Trang , Piggott John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn common with a number of other emerging economies in South East Asia, Indonesia is confronting rapid demographic transition at a low level of per capita income. The fourth largest country in the world by population size, Indonesia will face new challenges for fiscal sustainability and policy design, as in coming decades its labour force begins to shrink, and the older population becomes relatively more numerous. In this paper, we demonstrate how strong data sources, from international agencies, national sources, and surveys of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) family, are available and can be combined to generate a statistical profile of an emerging economy. Such profiles have value in themselves but can also be used as the basis for specifying macroeconomic models of demographic transition, of the overlapping generations (OLG) type, and for various other purposes. The profile presented here will serve to inform both policymakers and the broader community of the long-run trends which will inexorably impact Indonesian society in coming decades. It indicates that major social protection policy development will be needed over the next period to avert widespread hardship, especially among older cohorts.
Healthy minds live in healthy bodies – effect of physical health on mental health: Evidence from Australian longitudinal data
Authors: Doan Tinh , Ha Van , Strazdins Lyndall , Chateau Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is well known that physical and mental health are closely related, with growing evidence for biological and behavioural pathways. Mostly the research has focussed on mental health as the key driver of this inter-connection; the extent physical health shapes mental health has received less attention. We aim to derive robust estimates of the unique role physical health may play in shaping mental health outcomes. To do so we use a novel approach, incorporating longitudinal and instrumental variable methods which can address the reciprocal relationship between physical and mental health, and the endogeneity of physical health, before estimating the physical to mental health pathway. A sample of 209,442 observations (or 24,966 unique individuals) aged 15 and over spanning 18 years (2002–2019) was extracted from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australian Survey (HILDA). We find that physical activity and health shocks erode mental health via their impact on physical health with a one point improvement (or worsening) in physical health scores (0–100) resulting in a rise (or decline) of 0.43 points (or 43%) in mental health score.
Effectiveness of cellulose polyanionic-based polymers on the measurement of rheological properties of water-based drilling fluids in high-pressure high-temperature fractured shale reservoirs
Authors: Liu Zhikun , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Qi , Davarpanah Afshin , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh-pressure, high-temperature fractured shale reservoirs are types of unconventional reservoirs that need proper drilling operations for adequate efficiency. Proper measurement of drilling fluid’s rheological properties is of importance for drilling operations that may increase the penetration rate on the one hand with proper design. Therefore, the success of drilling operations strongly depends on the proper design of drilling fluids. In this paper, we experimentally investigated the effect of potassium and sodium formate fluid on the rheological properties of drilling fluid for fractured shale core samples. The yield point and apparent viscosity for muds consisted of cellulose polyanionic and cellulose polyanionic-ultralow polymers higher than base muds. It indicates the effect of formate salts in increasing thermal stability. In addition, in polymer-based muds, more amounts of formate salts have been used, indicating the low fluid loss volume. Consequently, the shale recovery rate for potassium formate fluids is higher than sodium formate fluid.
Greywater adsorption into soil during irrigation
Authors: Anwar A. H. M. Faisal , Rathnayake Upaka , Bowyer Will 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe reuse of greywater has significant potential to reduce the demand on potable water. The greywater produced from laundry is free from oil and grease and hence makes it attractive to reuse for irrigation. This study investigates the adsorption of surfactant-rich laundry greywater into the soil surfaces during irrigation. A series of miscible displacement column experiments was conducted under water-saturated condition using non-reactive (NaCl solution of concentration 0.650 g/L) and reactive tracers (greywater solution of concentration 0.26–0.442 g/L with same background electrolyte). Plasterer’s sand was used as the porous medium. Samples collected at the column outlet every two minutes were measured for pH, electrical conductivity and greywater concentrations. Hydraulic conductivity for each experiment was also determined using constant head method. Separate experiments were conducted to determine the surface tension of greywater solution (with same background electrolyte) and modelled using Gibbs adsorption isotherm. Surface tension of greywater reduces with increasing greywater concentration and becomes constant at greywater concentration of 0.440 g/L. The results revealed that pH is improved and electrical conductivity decreased indicating it may increase the soil salinity. The comparison of breakthrough curves of reactive and non-reactive tracers showed that the greywater adsorptions occur into the soil surfaces and it increased with greywater concentrations, which may make the soil water-repellent. This may be a concern if soil becomes water-repellent, increases hydraulic conductivity and enhances the risk of groundwater pollution. The concentration of greywater needs to be checked before irrigation and if needed, it should be diluted to avoid any risk of soil water-repellence.
Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of shallow groundwater under intensive agriculture practices in arid region, Qena, Egypt
Authors: Mohammed Abdel Mawgoud , Refaee Ahmed , El-Din Gamal Kamal , Harb Shaban 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonitoring groundwater quality and analyzing geochemical processes are very crucial in dry environments, especially in areas with intense agriculture and inadequate irrigation management systems. A total of forty-one groundwater samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for major ions chemistry. The results of the geochemical analyses are used to investigate the geochemical processes and make groundwater assessments. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the groundwater samples revealed a highly mineralized Na+–Cl− water type, implying that the majority of the samples are chemically unfit for human consumption. Based on the water quality parameters analyzed for the groundwater samples collected in this study, such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), and Kelley's ratio (KR), the suitability of groundwater samples for irrigation purposes is good to moderately good. Also they may reflect some alkaline hazard threats to the soil as indicated by the SSP and KR. The salinity hazard is recognized as high and expected to increase with the expansion of irrigation; hence, special salinity control management for groundwater in the study area is required. Nitrate is widely recognized as a contaminant in the study area. The nitrate concentrations range from 0.1 to 256.8 mg/L, with more than 30% of the samples exceeding the safe drinking water limit of 50 mg/L. The main concern is that the average nitrate concentration will likely continue to increase in the groundwater of the study area. Groundwater monitoring, in terms of both quality and quantity, is essential for sustainable groundwater management.
Application of the “water flow decision pattern” to Asian disaster response
Authors: Ha Kyoo-Man 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to provide a new decision pattern toward the ultimate goal of improving Asian disaster management. The “water flow decision pattern,” which is likened to the natural flow of water, was proposed to facilitate smooth decision-making by decision makers. Text document analysis with emphasis on a qualitative technique was used as the major methodology. Five failure cases were analyzed: the sinking of the ferry Sewol in Korea, the drought in India, the SARS outbreak in China, the nuclear leakage in Fukushima, and the typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. The key finding was that the water flow decision pattern comprehensively combines five decision factors, namely, weight, availability, timeliness, emplacement, and roundabout. Hence, Asian nations may consider its application as a theoretical frame in the future, after appropriate training and exercise are carried out.
Searching for antimicrobial photosensitizers among a panel of BODIPYs
Authors: Orlandi Viviana Teresa , Martegani Eleonora , Bolognese Fabrizio , Caruso Enrico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) gained increasing attention for its potential to inhibit the growth and spread of microorganisms, both as free-living cells and/or embedded in biofilm communities. In this scenario, compounds belonging to the family of boron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) represent a very promising class of photosensitizers for applications in antimicrobial field. In this study, twelve non-ionic and three cationic BODIPYs were assayed for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. As expected, S. aureus showed to be very sensitive to BODIPYs and mild conditions were sufficient to reach good rates of photoinactivation with both neutral and monocationic ones. Surprisingly, one neutral compound (named B9 in this study) resulted the best BODIPY to photoinactivate P. aeruginosa PAO1. The photoinactivation of C. albicans was reached with both neutral and mono-cationic BODIPYs. Furthermore, biofilms of the three model microorganisms were challenged with BODIPYs in light-based antimicrobial technique. S. aureus biofilms were successfully inhibited with milder conditions than those applied to P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. Notably, it was possible to eradicate 24-h-old biofilms of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, this study supports the potential of neutral BODIPYs as pan-antimicrobial PSs.
Graphical abstract
GPT-3 and InstructGPT: technological dystopianism, utopianism, and “Contextual” perspectives in AI ethics and industry
Authors: Chan Anastasia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the ethical solutions raised in response to OpenAI’s language model Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3 (GPT-3) a year and a half from its release. I argue that hype and fear about GPT-3, even within the Natural Language Processing (NLP) industry and AI ethics, have often been underpinned by technologically deterministic perspectives. These perspectives emphasise the autonomy of the language model rather than the autonomy of human actors in AI systems. I highlight the existence of deterministic perspectives in the current AI discourse (which range from technological utopianism to dystopianism), with a specific focus on the two issues of: (1) GPT-3’s potential intentional misuse for manipulation and (2) unintentional harm caused by bias. In response, I find that a contextual approach to GPT-3, which is centred upon wider ecologies of societal harm and benefit, human autonomy, and human values, illuminates practical solutions to concerns about manipulation and bias. Additionally, although OpenAI’s newest 2022 language model InstructGPT represents a small step in reducing toxic language and aligning GPT-3 with user intent, it does not provide any compelling solutions to manipulation or bias. Therefore, I argue that solutions to address these issues must focus on organisational settings as a precondition for ethical decision-making in AI, and high-quality curated datasets as a precondition for less harmful language model outputs.
Adopting smart glasses responsibly: potential benefits, ethical, and privacy concerns with Ray-Ban stories
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Campbell Abraham G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe adoption of innovative wearable technologies is potentially increasing as a new trend. Jumping into the augmented reality (AR) and Metaverse, Facebook (now known as Meta) launched smart glasses partnering with Ray-Ban sunglasses brand’s parent company EssilorLuxottica. Ray-Ban stories has several technical features for entertainment and socializing; more importantly, these features can be adopted in the future for more advanced wearable. However, these smart glasses also came with many ethical and privacy concerns along with their potential benefits. Furthermore, the unbridled deployment of these smart glasses brought several challenging questions for public social interaction when we will have more such devices in our lives. This short article has discussed the Ray-Ban stories’ ethical and privacy issues for social interaction and public places.
Mitigating Price and Yield Risk Using Revenue Protection and Agriculture Risk Coverage
Authors: Biram Hunter D. , Coble Keith H. , Harri Ardian , Park Eunchun , Tack Jesse 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article evaluates Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) and Revenue Protection (RP) used in conjunction as an optimal risk management strategy for representative producers in the Corn Belt and Mississippi Delta. Using a simulation procedure to produce representative farm revenues, we find it is optimal under expected utility for producers to enroll in RP, despite having RP through ARC. Results are robust across alternative sampling methods and regions. These findings imply that ARC is better suited as a complementary program, and that it is optimal for a producer to enroll in higher coverage levels than we currently observe.
A novel curricular framework to develop grant writing skills among MD–PhD students
Authors: Souder Jaclyn P. , Pepin Mark E. , Seay Randy L. , Lorenz Robin G. , Geisler William M. , Yacoubian Talene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background/Objectives:
Physician-scientists have long been in high demand owing to their role as key drivers of biomedical innovation, but their dwindling prevalence in research and medical communities threatens ongoing progress. As the principal avenue for physician-scientist development, combined MD–PhD training programs and NIH-funded Medical Scientist Training Programs (MSTPs) must address all aspects of career development, including grant writing skills.

Methods:
The NIH F-series grants – the F30 grant in particular – model the NIH format of federal funding, and are thus ideal opportunities to acquire biomedical research grant preparation experience. Therefore, in this report, we describe a curricular model through which predoctoral MSTP students obtain exposure to – and training for – F-series grant conceptualization, writing, and evaluation.

Results:
Since the development of these longitudinal courses, we observed trending improvements in student funding success rates, particularly among original submissions, and perceived benefits among participating students.
Informal Work, Risk, and Clientelism: Evidence from 223 Slums across India
Authors: Rains Emily , Wibbels Erik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost of the poor in the developing world work in the informal economy, that is, in occupations that take place outside of the legal system of taxing, spending, and regulating. This article examines how informal work impacts the policy and electoral preferences of the poor. We emphasize the importance of the risks inherent in informal employment in shaping the responsiveness of citizens to clientelism and their policy and voting preferences. Since most informal workers are not covered by (formal) social insurance, they prefer material goods and candidates that produce targeted, clientelistic benefits rather than programmatically delivered insurance that is unlikely to reach them. As a result, we argue that informal workers are more likely to rely on clientelistic relations as a means of hedging risks than are formal workers; prefer policies that are delivered clientelistically via political mediators rather than programmatic solutions; and prefer clientelistic over programmatic local candidates. Our findings elucidate why the preferences of poor informal workers often diverge from those assumed by standard models of social insurance and have important implications for the political economy of social policy in a world where billions work outside work-based tax-transfer systems.
PTEN expression in human cumulus cells is associated with embryo development competence
Authors: Yao Jianfeng , Li Ming , Lin Liqing , Li Youzhu , Zhuang Jianlong , Huang Yanfang , Peng Weilin , Lian Jianfeng , Huang Rongfu , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2022

SummaryEmbryo quality determines the success of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment. Biomarkers for the evaluation of embryo quality have some limitations. Apoptosis in cumulus cells (CCs) is important for ovarian function. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a well known tumour suppressor gene that functions as a mediator of apoptosis and is crucial for mammalian reproduction. In the present study, we analyzed the expression level of PTEN in human CCs and aimed to investigate its association with embryo developmental competence in IVF treatment cycles. The PTEN mRNA level in CCs was measured using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The association of the differential expression of PTEN with embryo quality was analyzed. Our data showed that PTEN mRNA levels were significantly decreased in CCs surrounding mature oocytes compared with immature oocytes. Similar changes were found in the analysis of fertilization and blastocyst formation. The speculation that the measurement of PTEN mRNA levels in human CCs would provide a useful tool for selecting oocytes with greater chances to implant into the uterus needs to be further verified through single-embryo transfer in the future. The proapoptotic mechanism of PTEN in human reproduction needs to be further studied.
Racism, cricket, and impact on mass psychology
Authors: Kar Sujita K. , Arafat S.M. Yasir , Menon Vikas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRacism is not an uncommon phenomenon in sports, with cricket being no exception to it. Cricket is played in many countries, with its dominance in South East Asia, Europe, Australia, and Africa. Racist remarks in cricket hit media headlines and ignite agitations among the cricket fans. This article discusses the psychological impact of racism associated with cricket and possible remedial measures.
Individual Freedom in the Post-Corona Era
Authors: Kim Heisook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I examine the concept of individual freedom that varies depending on cultures through different attitudes toward the administrative policy of wearing masks. Many Westerners criticized the enforcement of the policy in East Asia as the oppression of individual freedom. I argue that the criticism is based on a narrow understanding of the problem and that individual freedom becomes obscure even in the West as we are entering the society of surveillance capitalism due to technological revolution. Confucian cultures give us a context in reference to which we reflect on individual freedom in the post-pandemic situation.
Philosophical Reflections on the Idea of a Universal Basic Income
Authors: Rowett Catherine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA universal basic income is an unconditional allowance, sufficient to live on, paid in cash to every citizen regardless of income. It has been a Green Party policy for years. But the idea raises many interesting philosophical questions, about fairness, entitlement, desert, stigma and sanctions, the value of unpaid work, the proper ambitions of a good society, and our preconceptions about whether leisure (time for recreation and free creativity) or jobs (working to give the proceeds of our labour and the luxury of free time to someone else) are the thing we should prize above all for free citizens. Coming from the perspective of ancient philosophy, I consider the answers offered in the ancient world to some of these questions, and how we might learn from rethinking our notions of how to create a good society in which people can be free and realise their creative and intellectual potential.
Association of serum PUFA and linear growth over 12 months among 6–10 years old Ugandan children with or without HIV
Authors: Pobee Ruth A , Fenton Jenifer I , Sikorskii Alla , Zalwango Sarah K , Felzer-Kim Isabella , Medina Ilce M , Giordani Bruno , Ezeamama Amara E 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:To quantify PUFA-associated improvement in linear growth among children aged 6–10 years.Design:Serum fatty acids (FA), including essential FA (EFA) (linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) were quantified at baseline using GC-MS technology. FA totals by class (n-3, n-6, n-9, PUFA and SFA) and FA ratios were calculated. Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) relative to WHO population reference values were calculated longitudinally at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Linear regression models estimated PUFA, HIV status and their interaction-associated standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CI in HAZ over 12 months.Setting:Community controls and children connected to community health centre in Kampala, Uganda, were enrolled.Participants:Children perinatally HIV-infected (CPHIV, n 82), or HIV-exposed but uninfected (CHEU, n 76) and community controls (n 78).Results:Relative to highest FA levels, low SFA (SMD = 0·31, 95 % CI: 0·03, 0·60), low Mead acid (SMD = 0·38, 95 % CI: 0·02, 0·74), low total n-9 (SMD = 0·44, 95 % CI: 0·08, 0·80) and low triene-to-tetraene ratio (SMD = 0·42, 95 % CI: 0·07, 0·77) predicted superior growth over 12 months. Conversely, low LA (SMD = -0·47, 95 % CI: −0·82, −0·12) and low total PUFA (sum of total n-3, total n-6 and Mead acid) (SMD = -0·33 to −0·39, 95 % CI: −0·71, −0·01) predicted growth deficit over 12 months follow-up, regardless of HIV status.Conclusion:Low n-3 FA (ALA, EPA and n-3 index) predicted growth deficits among community controls. EFA sufficiency may improve stature in school-aged children regardless of HIV status. Evaluating efficacy of diets low in total SFA, sufficient in EFA and enriched in n-3 FA for improving child growth is warranted.