bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control programs for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in European countries: an overview
Authors: Iscaro Carmen , Cambiotti Valentina , Petrini Stefano , Feliziani Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a disease of cattle responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. IBR is under certain communitarian regulations. Every member state can approve its own national IBR control program for the entire territory – or part of it – and can demand additional guarantees for bovids destined to its territory; therefore, every member state can be officially declared as entirely or partly IBR-free. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of IBR control and eradication programs in European countries. BoHV-1 control schemes were first introduced in the late 1970s, mainly in Northern and Central Europe. Depending on the seroprevalence rate, control strategies rely on identification and removal of seropositive animals or the use of glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines in infected herds. The implementation of a novel law for disease eradication at the EU level and of a European IBR data flow could make the goal of IBR eradication in all European countries easier to achieve.
The ‘Indian Question’ in the Bolivian Amazon: The School Centers of Casarabe and Moré
Authors: Mombiola Anna Guiteras 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEducation was an essential ingredient of the state strategy to address the so-called ‘Indian question’ in the Americas throughout the first half of the twentieth century. In the 1930s, Bolivian intellectuals promoted a new educational policy inspired by indigenismo, a trend of thought that sought to solve the problems faced by indigenous people concerning welfare, hygiene, agricultural techniques, and land issues; it also sought, to some extent, to teach them to value their own culture. The educational experience, originally conducted in the village of Warisata and then spread across the Andes, has merited special attention from historiography. However, very little is known about Warisata's replication in the country's lowlands. This paper explores the originality, scope, and limitations of the first project of socialization of ‘non-subjected’ societies of the Amazon Basin. That project was inspired by the postulates of the innovative Warisateño model, which aimed to give birth to a “new Indian” who would contribute actively and voluntarily to the progress of the nation. The categories adopted in that project, and the practices carried out, were inscribed in the positivists’ thought, based on their view of the alleged “wild nature” and “savagery” of the groups with whom educators would interact. This study aims to contribute to the debate on the ‘Indian question’ in the Americas by highlighting the contradictions faced by intellectuals when designing projects for the “integration” of otherness into the nation.
Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Use of Human Genetic and Genomic Information in Healthcare Settings
Authors: Ayres Samantha , Boyle Jackie , Newson Ainsley J. , Savard Jacqueline , Mansour Julia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman genetic and genomic information (HGI) is being generated, utilized and accessed across a wide range of healthcare settings. While traditionally clinical genetics services have maintained guardianship and enforced rigid protections of human genetic information, this is no longer practical or feasible as genetic knowledge continues to evolve, expand and inform various aspects of healthcare. Today, many healthcare professionals of varied backgrounds and areas of expertise are looking to genetic and genomic information to screen and/or diagnose genetic conditions and to guide medical management and treatment options. This position statement provides guidance for all healthcare professionals who may be handling human genetic and/or genomic information as part of their practice and outlines considerations relevant to protection, storage, access and sharing of HGI in Australasia. Illustrative cases are used to highlight various sensitivities of genetic and genomic information and challenges these may pose in modern healthcare settings. In essence, this position statement seeks to highlight and advocate for both individual interests as well as the interests of the broader family network.
Mysteries of Monozygosity: Theories and Breakthroughs/Twin Research: Rare Case of Lost Twins; Developing a National Twin Registry; Twins’ Language and Gesture Delays; DNA Testing for Vanishing Twins/Media Reports: Identical Twins Discordant for COVID Vaccination; World’s Oldest Identical Twins; Olympic Athlete Stand-in; Fraternal Twin Football Players
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe processes that give rise to monozygotic (MZ) twins remain elusive. This article describes various theories of MZ twinning that have been examined over the years, although they continue to be speculative. It has also been impossible to know if a singleton began life as an MZ twin; however, a critical technological breakthrough can now reveal this important birth history information with a high degree of certainty. The section that follows presents reviews of current research regarding rare twin loss, development of a twin registry, twins’ communicative delays and DNA testing for vanishing twins. The article concludes with a survey of newsworthy twins, namely identical twins discordant for COVID vaccination, the world’s oldest identical twins, an Olympic athletic stand-in and fraternal twin football players.
Numerical Simulations of Internal Solitary Wave Evolution Beneath an Ice Keel
Authors: Zhang Peiwen , Xu Zhenhua , Li Qun , You Jia , Yin Baoshu , Robertson Robin , Zheng Quanan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe deformation and evolution of internal solitary waves (ISWs) beneath an ice keel can enable potential diapycnal mixing and facilitate upper ocean heat transport, despite a poor understanding of the underlying physics and energetics of ISWs in Polar environments. This study aims to understand the dynamic processes and mixing properties during the evolution of ISWs beneath ice keels in the Arctic Ocean using high‐resolution, non‐hydrostatic simulations. Ice keels can destabilize ISWs through overturning events. Consequently, the initial ISW disintegrates and transfers its energy into secondary smaller‐scale waves. During the ISW‐ice interaction, ISW‐induced turbulent mixing can reach O(10−3) W/kg with a magnitude of resultant heat flux of O(10)W/m. Sensitivity experiments demonstrated that the ISW‐ice interaction weakened as the ice keel depth decreased, and consequently, the resultant turbulent mixing and upward heat transfer also decreased. The ice keel depth was critical to the evolution and disintegration of an ISW beneath the ice keel, while the approximate ice keel shape had little effect. Our results provide an important but previously overlooked energy source for upper ocean heat transport in the Arctic Ocean.
Detection and Attribution of Norwegian Annual Precipitation Variability Related to Teleconnections
Authors: Zhou Yanlai , Ruan Gusong , Xu Chong‐Yu , Xiong Lihua , Jain Sharad K. , Li Lu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDetection and attribution of precipitation variability are fundamentally challenging, especially in the presence of complex nonlinear relationships between precipitation variability and large‐scale teleconnections. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we identify abrupt changes and the trend and periodicity characteristics of long‐term (1950–2019) annual precipitation series over the Norway mainland by using the Multiple Comparison Procedures, the Mann‐Kendall test, and the Wavelet Analysis. Second, we interpret the variability characteristics found over five regions of Norway by exploring their relationships with teleconnections through the Maximal Information Coefficient. The results indicate that significant abrupt changes appeared in the mean (variance) value of annual precipitation series at 117 (49) out of 159 rainfall stations of five regions in Norway at a significance level of 0.05. The occurrences of change points varied from 1979 to 1984 in five regions of Norway. The mean and variance of the annual precipitation series increased by 32% and 16% at most, respectively, compared with those values before the change points. The first periodicity (spanning four to five decades) was the dominant periodic component and could be used to best characterize the Norwegian precipitation variability. Because the subtropical Azores High (subpolar Icelandic Low) moves toward (away from) Europe, the relationship between the annual precipitation series and the Scandinavian pattern (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) series tended to be of an upward (downward) hook structure. The association of precipitation variability and teleconnections found in this study can pave the way for new possibilities with regard to detection and attribution of precipitation variability.
Abiotic Nitrous Oxide Production From Sediments and Brine of Don Juan Pond, Wright Valley Antarctica, at Mars Analog Temperatures (−40°C)
Authors: Schutte Charles A. , Samarkin Vladimir A. , Bowles Marshall W. , Peters Brian , Casciotti Karen L. , Madigan Michael T. , Joye Samantha B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe presence of biogenic gases such as oxygen, methane, and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmospheres of extraterrestrial bodies has been postulated as a biosignature of life. Abiotic N2O production was documented recently in Don Juan Pond (DJP), Antarctica, a cold, hypersaline Mars analog environment. Here we quantify the temperature‐driven kinetics of abiotic N2O production and combine this with stable isotope labeling to demonstrate that N2O is produced from DJP sediment and brine at Mars‐analog temperatures down to at least −40°C. Further, we show that at any given temperature, N2O production is controlled by the availability of reduced Fe‐bearing minerals rather than nitrate. We conclude that abiotic N2O production is possible on Mars and on other extraterrestrial bodies and exoplanets. Thus, the presence of atmospheric N2O on these bodies should not be taken by itself as an indicator of microbial life.
The First Evidence for the Detection of CIDs Masked by Equatorial Plasma Bubbles From GPS‐TEC Data
Authors: Rajesh R. , Catherine J. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe strong influence of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) appears to mask co‐seismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs) for the earthquakes occurring in the equatorial low‐latitudes during the post‐sunset time. Based on GPS‐TEC data, we attempted to unveil the CIDs for the two great seismic events that are the 2005 M 8.6 Nias and 2017 M 8.2 Mexico earthquakes. In the case of the Nias earthquake, the CIDs have been identified in the bandpass filtered vertical total electron content data obtained from selective GPS satellite‐receiver pairs. For the Mexico earthquake, the EPB anomalies are dominant, making the appearance of CIDs hazy. However, the N‐shaped vertical total electron content anomalies masked by the plasma bubble anomalies in the bandpass filtered data are clear after applying the frequency domain singular spectrum analysis (SSA). Furthermore, the frequency domain SSA indicates the acoustic and surface waves of CIDs for both earthquakes. It also shows the signature of propagating gravity waves for the Mexico earthquake that has generated a moderate tsunami. Thus, the present study illustrates that the CIDs concealed by the non‐stationary EPB anomalies for earthquakes occurring in low latitude equatorial regions during post‐sunset become visible.
Development of a Discontinuous Galerkin Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere Model
Authors: Wang Houjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to explore the application of high‐order numerical methods in ionosphere‐plasmasphere modeling. Specifically, the nodal discontinuous Galerkin method is chosen to solve the multifluid dynamical equations along the magnetic field lines. A general curvilinear magnetic field‐line‐following coordinate system is also used in the model. Numerical simulations with different combinations of number of elements (K) and polynomial orders (N) show the converging results, indicating the robustness of the algorithms and implementation. The model also captures the dawn terminator effect very well in the He+ field.
A Fragment of Argoland From East Gondwana in the NE Himalaya
Authors: Zhang Ji'en , Xiao Wenjiao , Wakabayashi John , Windley Brian F. , Han Chunming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies concluded that a Trans‐Tethyan oceanic subduction zone existed prior to Paleogene India‐Eurasia collision, when the ocean lacked intervening continental slivers. In this paper, we present the first report of Early Cretaceous shortening and 152.8 Ma alkali magmatism in the continental sliver Longzi block, a ca. 750 km E‐W by ca. 130 km N‐S tract of the NE Himalaya within the Himalaya orogen. The Longzi block contains overturned south‐vergent folds in Triassic‐Lower Cretaceous strata intruded by 136–123 Ma mafic‐dioritic‐dacite dikes, which constrain the time of Early Cretaceous shortening. Triassic strata with NW Australian affinity and Late Jurassic conglomerates derived from northern India record the pre‐rift history. Evidence for the rifting includes 152.8–145 Ma alkali intrusive rocks, a Late Jurassic unconformity, rapid changes in sediment thickness, and the water depth during deposition of Upper Jurassic strata. The rifting event was coeval with the formation of 152–155 Ma oceanic crust in the NE Indian Ocean and of a Late Jurassic submarine escarpment with 1,200 m of sediments offshore of NW Australia. These data show that the Longzi block was part of westernmost Argoland, a continental sliver that rifted from East Gondwana. The Longzi block subsequently collided with a N‐dipping Trans‐Tethyan intra‐oceanic subduction zone in the Early Cretaceous to generate the relevant shortening, long before the Paleocene continent‐continent collision along the Yarlung‐Tsangpo suture zone. This rift‐collision in the Himalayan region reflects the Mesozoic archipelagic paleogeography in eastern Neotethys, which was preceded by ocean closure, and the two‐stage collision of India‐Eurasia in the Cenozoic.
Observed Ocean Surface Winds and Mixed Layer Currents Under Tropical Cyclones: Asymmetric Characteristics
Authors: Fan Shengren , Zhang Biao , Perrie William , Mouche Alexis , Liu Guoqiang , Li Huimin , Wang Chen , He Yijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTropical cyclones (TC) transfer kinetic energy to the upper ocean and thus accelerate the ocean mixed layer (OML) currents. However, the quantitative link between near‐surface currents and high wind speeds, under extreme weather conditions, remains poorly understood. In this study, we use multi‐mission satellites and drifting‐buoy observations to investigate the connections between TC surface winds and currents, including their spatial distribution characteristics. Observed ageostrophic current speeds in the OML increase linearly with wind speeds (for the range 20–50 m/s). The ratios of the ageostrophic current speeds to the wind speeds are found to vary with TC quadrants. In particular, the mean ratio is around 2% in the left‐front and left‐rear quadrants with relatively small variability, compared to between 2% and 4% in the right‐front and right‐rear quadrants, with much higher variations. Surface winds and currents both exhibit strong asymmetric features, with the largest wind speeds and currents on the TC right side. In the eyewall region of Hurricane Igor, high winds (e.g., about 47 m/s) induce strong currents (about 2 m/s). The directional rotations of surface winds and currents are resonant and dependent on the location within the storm. Wind directions are approximately aligned with current directions in the right‐front quadrant; a difference of about 90° occurs in the left‐front and left‐rear quadrants. The directional discrepancy between winds and currents in the right‐rear quadrant is smaller. Reliable observations of the wind‐current relation, including asymmetric features, support published theories developed in idealized numerical experiments to explain the upper ocean response to TCs.
Downscaling Hourly Air Temperature of WRF Simulations Over Complex Topography: A Case Study of Chongli District in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Zhang Guangxing , Zhu Shanyou , Zhang Nan , Zhang Guixin , Xu Yongming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate and high‐resolution air temperature prediction is important in many different applications. Hourly air temperature forecasting in mountainous areas is necessary and important because mountainous areas are becoming increasingly important areas of human activities. At present, scientists successfully employ numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, to achieve reliable forecasts. However, air temperature forecasting and modeling over complex geographical zones are still difficult tasks. The WRF model is a mesoscale model and does not adequately account for the influence of terrain on the air temperature. It is important to downscale larger‐scale models to a much finer scale. In this paper, a statistical temperature downscaling method based on geographically weighted regression (GWR) and diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) models is proposed. A statistical downscaling scheme of WRF simulation data is designed to forecast the hourly air temperature from 1‐km spatial resolution to 30 m, up to 24 hr in advance. The combined downscaling model's root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) decreased by 0.87°C at the automatic weather station (AWS) level and 0.62°C over the domain when compared to WRF simulations, and the mean absolute error (MAE) decreased by 0.71°C and 0.51°C, respectively, at these two levels. The results reveal that the combined downscaling model performs very well in correcting and downscaling the air temperature in WRF simulations in the study areas.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in Mineral Dust Provenance in the South Pacific—Evidence From Mixing Models
Authors: Longman Jack , Struve Torben , Pahnke Katharina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMineral dust is an important component of the Earth system due to its role in oceanic nutrient supply, cloud formation and its radiative properties. Changes in transport pathways and fluxes of mineral dust have attracted increased attention using radiogenic isotope analysis for detailed investigation of changing dust sources through time. However, multi‐isotope studies provide complex datasets of dust provenance, often without exact quantification of source contributions. Here we use Bayesian mixing models and existing radiogenic isotope data to quantify changes in South Pacific dust provenance for the Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼18–24 ka BP). Testing different model configurations showed grouping small source regions to single continental scale end members prior to modeling can lead to biased results, and so we group model outputs post‐modeling. During the LGM, a higher proportion (mean 53%) of dust entering the South Pacific was South American in origin, compared to a Holocene mean of 31%. In contrast, Australian dust contributions were lower during the LGM (mean 38%) than Holocene (mean 55%), with significant spatial gradients for both time slices. In the subpolar South Pacific, the high representation of South American dust during the LGM (up to ∼75%) coincides with larger dust particles; together indicating that far‐traveled dust transport was facilitated by long atmospheric residence times and an accelerated westerly wind circulation during this time. Our study shows how Bayesian mixing models provide valuable constraints for dust source contributions, an approach which may help in the calibration of atmospheric models, using complex isotopic datasets.
Tie1 contributes to the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome under the regulation of EGR1 in granulosa cells
Authors: Sun Lihua , Tian Hui , Xue Songguo , Ye Hongjuan , Xue Xue , Wang Rongxiang , Liu Yu , Zhang Caixia , Chen Qiuju , Gao Shaorong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe expression of tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domains 1 (Tie1), a transmembrane protein expressed almost exclusively by endothelial cells, has been reported in granulosa cells. However, its significance in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which can occur after the injection of gonadotropins in infertile women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation, is unknown. Here, we report significantly increased Tie1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured granulosa cells from OHSS patients, as well as ovaries from rats with experimentally established OHSS, compared to controls, with the levels of both proteins also increasing in granulosa and SVOG cells (a nontumorigenic human granulosa-lutein cell line) treated with an acute dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Tie1 silencing abolished the hCG-induced VEGF level in SVOG cells and attenuated the progression of OHSS in rats, as determined by histological analysis. Further studies in SVOG cells revealed that the hCG-induced upregulation of Tie1 expression involved the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. We also report that early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), whose expression was also upregulated by hCG, bound directly to the Tie1 promoter and activated its transcription. Taken together, our results indicate that Tie1 may be a therapeutic target in cases of moderate-to-severe OHSS. Further studies are needed to address its clinical relevance.
Disruption of actin dynamics induces autophagy of the eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT
Authors: Date Yuki , Matsuura Akira , Itakura Eisuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutophagy plays important role in the intracellular protein quality control system by degrading abnormal organelles and proteins, including large protein complexes such as ribosomes. The eukaryotic chaperonin tailless complex polypeptide 1 (TCP1) ring complex (TRiC), also called chaperonin-containing TCP1 (CCT), is a 1-MDa hetero-oligomer complex comprising 16 subunits that facilitates the folding of ~10% of the cellular proteome that contains actin. However, the quality control mechanism of TRiC remains unclear. To monitor the autophagic degradation of TRiC, we generated TCP1α-RFP-GFP knock-in HeLa cells using a CRISPR/Cas9-knock-in system with an RFP-GFP donor vector. We analyzed the autophagic degradation of TRiC under several stress conditions and found that treatment with actin (de)polymerization inhibitors increased the lysosomal degradation of TRiC, which was localized in lysosomes and suppressed by deficiency of autophagy-related genes. Furthermore, we found that treatment with actin (de)polymerization inhibitors increased the association between TRiC and unfolded actin, suggesting that TRiC was inactivated. Moreover, unfolded actin mutants were degraded by autophagy. Taken together, our results indicate that autophagy eliminates inactivated TRiC, serving as a quality control system.