bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Botulinumtoxin – Therapie des Spasmus hemifacialis: Ein
Update
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Laskawi Rainer , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja , Spittau Björn , Urban Peter P. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Injektion von Botulinumtoxin gilt beim Spasmus hemifacialis (SHF)
mittlerweile als Therapie der Wahl. Alle 3 Botulinumtoxin-A Präparate
sind für diese Indikation zugelassen. Der SHF ist eine häufige
Erkrankung, die gekennzeichnet ist durch unwillkürliche Kontraktionen
der vom Nervus facialis innervierten Muskulatur einer Gesichtshälfte.
Die Symptome können tonisch oder klonisch, intermittierend oder
permanent auftreten. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt klinisch. Zur
Ausschlussdiagnostik sollte eine Magnetresonanztomografie des Schädels
eingesetzt werden, die einen pathologischen Nerv-Gefäß-Kontakt
nachweisen und alternative Ursachen ausschließen kann.
Kalium jodatum – Wertigkeit bei der Behandlung von
degenerativen Korneaerkrankungen
Authors: Trebin Ernst 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDegenerative oder entzündliche Erkrankungen der Hornhaut des Auges
könnten verursacht sein durch einen erhöhten Tonus der
Lidmuskulatur, wie der Autor an einigen Fällen belegt. Potenzierte
Kalium-Salze, hier speziell Kalium jodatum, scheinen hilfreich zu sein, diesen
Druck zu lindern und zumindest die Progression dieser Leiden aufzuhalten.
External Validation of the Patient-Reported Villalta Scale for the Diagnosis of Postthrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Kearon Clive , Ng Sara , Rodger Marc A. , Ghanima Waleed , Kovacs Michael J. , Shivakumar Sudeep , Kahn Susan R. , Sandset Per Morten , Mallick Ranjeeta , Delluc Aurélien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction The Villalta scale is the endorsed tool to diagnose and grade the severity of postthrombotic syndrome (PTS); however, assessing presence and severity of PTS is time-consuming and relies on both the clinician and patient's assessments. The patient-reported Villalta scale version 2 (PRV2) is a visually assisted form that enables patients to self-assess presence and severity of PTS. Herein, we report on external validation of this tool.
Methods We assessed the agreement and kappa values of PRV2 to diagnose and assess severity of PTS compared with the original Villalta score in a cohort of 181 patients (196 limbs) who participated in the SAVER pilot randomized control trial. Presence of PTS was defined as PRV2 ≥5 or a Villalta score ≥5.
Results PTS prevalence was 42% using PRV2 and 33% using the Villalta scale. The corresponding kappa and percentage agreement were 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.71) and 81% (95% CI: 76–87), respectively. Kappa values and percentage agreements between PRV2 and Villalta scale increased with increasing severity of PTS. The sensitivity of PRV2 to detect PTS of any severity was 84% (95% CI: 73–92) with a specificity of 79% (95% CI: 71–86).
Conclusion We conclude that the PRV2 is an acceptable tool for diagnosing and grading the severity of PTS.
Reciprocal modulation of long noncoding RNA EMS and p53 regulates tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Chenfeng , Yang Yang , Wu Xianning , Li Jingxin , Liu Kaiyue , Fang Debao , Li Bingyan , Shan Ge , Mei Xinyu , Wang Fang , Mei Yide 
Published: January 2022

Significance
As a master transcription factor, the tumor suppressor p53 regulates a variety of cellular processes by modulating target gene expression. Although well known as a transcriptional activator, p53 is also able to repress expression of a number of protein-coding genes. However, it remains largely unknown whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene repression is involved in the regulation of p53 function. Here, we show that p53 can transcriptionally repress expression of the lncRNA E2F1 messenger RNA (mRNA) stabilizing factor (EMS) and vice versa and that EMS can suppress p53 translation and negatively regulate p53 function. Our study reveals an important double-negative feedback loop that controls p53 activity and provides insights into the mechanisms whereby EMS promotes tumorigenesis.
Alternating Italian thetic and sentence-focus constructions
Authors: Belligh Thomas , De Cuypere Ludovic , Crocco Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article we study the alternation between the two most prominent Italian thetic and sentence-focus constructions, viz. the Syntactic Inversion Construction (henceforth: SIC), e.g.Arriva il treno(‘The train is arriving’), and the Presentational Cleft (henceforth: PC), e.g.C’è il treno che arriva(‘The train is arriving’). Based on the existing literature on the two constructions and drawing inspiration from a number of cognitive-functional hypotheses pertaining to constraints on the amount of referentially new constituents that can be conveyed in a single clause, we put forward the hypothesis that Italian language users are more likely to prefer the PC over the SIC if the utterance involves a high number of referentially new constituents. To assess this hypothesis, we constructed a pilot experiment consisting of a 100-split forced choice task that was administered by means of an online questionnaire to 66 native speaker participants. The results of the experiment indicate that the preference for the PC indeed increases if the number of referentially new constituents is higher. This is however not the only factor involved in the alternation and the preference of the language users seems not only to be determined by the number of referentially new constituents, but also by their syntactic status.
Quantum harmonic oscillators with nonlinear effective masses in the weak density approximation
Authors: Chang Jen-Hsu , Lin Chun-Yan , Lee Ray-Kuang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the eigen-energy and eigen-function of a quantum particle acquiring the probability density-dependent effective mass (DDEM) in harmonic oscillators. Instead of discrete eigen-energies, continuous energy spectra are revealed due to the introduction of a nonlinear effective mass. Analytically, we map this problem into an infinite discrete dynamical system and obtain the stationary solutions in the weak density approximation, along with the proof on the monotonicity in the perturbed eigen-energies. Numerical results not only give agreement to the asymptotic solutions stemmed from the expansion of Hermite-Gaussian functions, but also unveil a family of peakon-like solutions without linear counterparts. As nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation has served as an important model equation in various sub-fields in physics, our proposed generalized quantum harmonic oscillator opens an unexplored area for quantum particles with nonlinear effective masses.
Investigation of boron distribution and material migration on the W7-X divertor by picosecond LIBS
Authors: Zhao D , Brezinsek S , Yi R , Oelmann J , Cai L , Wu F , Sergienko G , Rasinski M , Mayer M , Dhard C P , Naujoks D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One set of horizontal target elements of the Test Divertor Units (TDU), retrieved from the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) vessel after the end of second divertor Operation Phase (OP1.2B) in Hydrogen (H), were investigated by picosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (ps-LIBS). The Boron (B) distribution, H pattern and the material erosion/deposition pattern on these target elements were analyzed with high depth resolution and mapped in the poloidal direction of W7-X. From the spectroscopic analysis, B, H, Carbon (C) and Molybdenum (Mo) were clearly identified. A non-uniformly distributed B pattern on these divertor target elements was determined by the combination of B layer deposition during the three boronizations and W7-X plasma operation with multiple erosion and deposition steps of B. Like the TDU, the analyzed target elements are made of fine grain graphite, but have two marker layers which allow us to determine the material migration via the ps-LIBS technique. Two net erosion zones including one main erosion zone with a peak erosion depth of 6.5 μm and one weak erosion with a peak erosion of 1.3 μm were determined. Between two net erosion zones, a net deposition zone with width of 135 mm and a thickness up to 3.5 μm at the peak deposition location was determined by the ps-LIBS technique. The B distributions are correlated with the erosion/deposition pattern and the operational time in standard magnetic configuration of W7-X in the phases after the boronizations. The thickness of the containing B layer on these target elements also correlates with the erosion/deposition depth, in which the thickness of the containing B layer varies spatially in poloidal direction between 0.1 μm and 6 μm. Complementary, Focused Ion Beam combined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) was employed also to verify and investigate the deposition layer thicknesses at typical net erosion and net deposition zones as well as to identify the three boronizations in depth.
A simple mass oscillator metasurface design with linear phase shift
Authors: Wang Wei , Xuan Chengming , Xu Weikai , Yang Zhe , Li Jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a simple mass oscillator metasurface is designed, which can regulate the phase shift of flexural wave covering 0–2π by adjusting the number of mass oscillators on the connecting bar. Based on the forced vibration theory, there is a simple approximately linear relationship between the number and phase shift of mass oscillators, which can more intuitively and accurately predict the phase of different number of mass oscillators, and then realize the metasurface design of mass oscillators with different requirements. Therefore, arbitrary regulation of flexural waves, such as abnormal refraction, beam focusing, and self-acceleration, can be realized by reasonably arranging the number of mass oscillators. The results show that the proposed metasurface can be greatly simplified both in the establishment of phase shift relation and in the fabrication of structure configuration, and will have broad application potential in the engineering field.
x-ray Photoelectric and magnetic properties of chemically synthesized Cd–Ni Ferrite nanomagnetic particles
Authors: Ibiyemi A A , Yusuf G T , Olubosede O , Olusola Akinrinola , Akande H A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCadmium nickel (Cd–Ni) ferrite samples have been successfully synthesized via chemical co-precipitation technique. The structural analysis revealed the formation of FCC framework and Fe-phase in a trivalent state. The crystallite size is decreased with increasing Cd2+ion composition whereas the lattice constant is increased. SEM was used to obtain the surface morphology and average grain size of the microstructure. The FTIR shows the formation of metal oxide, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. EDX revealed the formation of Ni2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, and O2−ions in proper stoichiometric composition. Large optical losses were revealed by Cd2+poor-NiFe2O4samples whereas Cd2+rich-CdxNi1−xFe2O4samples revealed low optical losses and showed enhanced photoconductivity and photoelectric effect. Result from optical analysis showed that Cd2+rich-CdxNi1−xFe2O4nanoparticles can be used as infrared (IR) detector, ultraviolet (UV) filter and in optoelectronics device applications. VSM measurement showed an increase in saturation magnetization and decrease in coercivity as Cd2+ion content is increased. The remanance magnetization and magnetic anisotropy were also examined. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy examined the nature of the light emission of the samples at the excitation wavelength 380 nm and emission of series of colours such as red, green, yellow, orange and violet light at different wavelengths were found.
Numerical modeling of pedestal stability and broadband turbulence of wide-pedestal QH-mode plasmas on DIII-D
Authors: Li Zeyu , Chen Xi , Muscatello C. M. , Burrell K.H. , Xu Xueqiao , Zhu Ben , Hong Rongjie , Osborne T.H. , Grierson B. A. , Rhodes T.L. , Xia T.Y. , McKee G.R. , Yan Z. , Yu Guanying , DIII-D Team  
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The wide-pedestal quiescent high confinement mode discovered on DIII-D in recent years is a stationary and quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) with the pedestal width exceeding EPED prediction by at least 25%. Its characteristics, such as low rotation, high energy confinement and edge localized mode-free operation, make it an attractive operation mode for future reactors. Linear and nonlinear simulations using BOUT++ reduced two fluid MHD models and awere carried out to investigate the bursty broadband turbulence often observed in the edge of wide-pedestal QH-mode plasmas. Two kinds of MHD-scale instabilities in different spatial locations within the pedestal were found in the simulations: one mild peeling–ballooning (PB) mode (γ
PB < 0.04ω
A) located near the minimum in E
r well propagating in ion diamagnetic drift direction; and one drift-Alfvén wave locates at smaller radius compared to E
r well propagating in the electron diamagnetic drift direction and unstable only when the parallel electron dynamics is included in the simulation. The coupling between drift wave and shear Alfvén wave provides a possible cause of the experimentally observed local profile flattening in the upper-pedestal. The rotation direction, mode location, as well as the wavenumber of these two modes from BOUT++ simulations agree reasonably well with the experimental measurements, while the lack of quantitative agreement is likely due to the lack of trapped electron physics in current fluid model. This work presents improved physics understanding of the pedestal stability and turbulence dynamics for wide-pedestal QH-mode.
Dispersion chain of Vlasov equations
Authors: Perepelkin E E , Sadovnikov B I , Inozemtseva N G , Aleksandrov I I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
On the basis of the Vlasov chain of equations, a new infinite dispersion chain of equations is obtained for the distribution functions of mixed higher order kinematical values. In contrast to the Vlasov chain, the dispersion chain contains distribution functions with an arbitrary set of kinematical values and has a tensor form of writing. For the dispersion chain, new equations for mixed Boltzmann functions and the corresponding chain of conservation laws for fluid dynamics are obtained. The probability is proved to be a constant value for a particle to belong the region where the quasi-probability density is negative (Wigner function).
A Geant4 tool for edge-illumination X-ray phase-contrast imaging
Authors: Brombal L. , Rigon L. , Arfelli F. , Menk R.H. , Brun F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The PEPI project is developing a new experimental facility integrating a chromatic photon-counting detector within an edge-illumination (EI) phase-contrast setup. In this context, a novel Geant4-based simulation tool has been introduced with the aim of defining the optimal design of the experimental setup. The code includes a custom X-ray refraction process and allows simulating the whole EI system, comprising a polychromatic and extended source, absorbing masks, substrates, their movement during acquisition, and X-ray detection. In this paper, a realistic spectral detector model is introduced and its energy response validated against experimental data acquired with synchrotron radiation at energies between 26 and 50 keV. Moreover, refraction and transmission images of a plastic phantom are reconstructed from simulation data and successfully compared with theoretical predictions. Finally, an optimization study aiming at finding the effect of the X-ray focal spot size (i.e. spatial coherence) on image quality is presented; the results suggest that, in the considered configuration, the system can tolerate source sizes up to 30 μm, while, for a fixed exposure time, the best signal-to-noise ratio in refraction images is found for source sizes in the order of 10 to 15 μm.
The LHCb vertex locator upgrade — the detector calibration overview
Authors: Kopciewicz P. , Maccolini S. , Szumlak T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Vertex Locator (VELO) is a silicon tracking detector in the spectrometer of the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment. LHCb explores and investigates CP violation phenomena in b- and c- hadron decays and is one of the experiments operating on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. After run 1 and run 2 of LHC data taking (2011–2018), the LHCb detectors are being modernized within the LHCb upgrade I program. The upgrade aims to adjust the spectrometer to readout at full LHC 40 MHz frequency, which requires radical changes to the technologies currently used in LHCb. The hardware trigger is removed, and some of the detectors replaced. The VELO changes its tracking technology and silicon strips are replaced by 55 μm pitch silicon pixels. The readout chip for the VELO upgrade is the VeloPix ASIC. The number of readout channels increases to over 40 million, and the hottest ASIC is expected to produce the output data rate of 15 Gbit/s. New conditions challenge the software and the hardware side of the readout system and put special attention on the detector monitoring. This paper presents the upgraded VELO design and outlines the software aspects of the detector calibration in the upgrade I. An overview of the challenges foreseen for the upgrade II is given.
A 4π time-of-flight detector for the ND280/T2K upgrade
Authors: Korzenev A. , Barao F. , Bordoni S. , Breton D. , Cadoux F. , Favre Y. , Khabibullin M. , Khotyantsev A. , Kudenko Y. , Lux T. , Maalmi J. , Mermod P. , Mineev O. , Sanchez F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
ND280 is a near detector of the T2K experiment which is
located in the J-PARC accelerator complex in Japan. After a decade
of fruitful data-taking, ND280 is scheduled for upgrade. The
time-of-flight (ToF) detector, which is described in this article,
is one of three new detectors that will be installed in the basket
of ND280. The ToF detector has a modular structure. Each module
represents an array of 20 plastic scintillator bars which are
stacked in a plane of 2.4 × 2.2 m2 area. Six modules of
similar construction will be assembled in a cube, thus providing an
almost 4π enclosure for an active neutrino target and two TPCs.
The light emitted by scintillator is absorbed by arrays of
large-area silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) which are attached to
both ends of every bar. The readout of SiPMs, shaping and analog
sum of individual SiPM signals within the array are performed by a
discrete circuit amplifier. An average time resolution of about
0.14 ns is achieved for a single bar when measured with cosmic
muons. The detector will be installed in the basket of ND280, where
it will be used to veto particle originating outside the neutrino
target, improve the particle identification and provide a cosmic
trigger for calibration of detectors which are enclosed inside it.
Limited-angle TOF-PET for intraoperative surgical applications: proof of concept and first experimental data
Authors: Sajedi S. , Bläckberg L. , Majewski S. , Sabet H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The intraoperative gamma probe (IPG) based on single
gamma-ray detection remains the current gold standard modality for
sentinel lymph node identification and tumor removal in cancer
patients. However, IPGs do not meet the <5% false
negative rate (FNR) requirement, a key metric suggested by the
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). We aim to reduce FNR
by using time of flight (TOF) PET detector technology in limited
angle geometry system by using only two detector panels in
coincidence. For proof of concept, we used two Hamamatsu TOF PET
detector modules (C13500-4075YC-12) featuring 12× 12 arrays
of 4.14× 4.14× 20 mm3 LFS crystal pixels with
4.2 mm pitch and coupled one-one to silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)
pixels. The measured detector coincidence timing resolution (CTR)
was 271 ps FWHM for the whole detector. We 3D printed lesion
phantom containing spheres 2–10 mm in diameter, representing lymph
nodes, and placed it inside a 10-liter warm background water
phantom. Experimental results showed that with subminute data
acquisition, 6 mm diameter spheres could be identified in the image
when a lesion phantom with a 10:1 activity ratio to background was
used. The simulation results were in good agreement with the
experimental data by resolving 6 mm diameter spherical lesions with
a 60 second acquisition time in a 25 cm deep background water
phantom with a 10:1 activity ratio. As expected, the image quality
improved as the CTR improved in the simulation and with decreasing
background water phantom depth or increasing lesion-to-background
activity ratio in the experiment. With the results presented here,
we concluded that using a limited angle TOF PET detector system is a
major step forward for intraoperative applications in that lesion
detectability is beyond what conventional gamma- and NIR-based
probes could achieve.
SRM with 8/6 magnetic system topology for electric drive of mine battery electric locomotives: design and modelling
Authors: Antipov V N , Grozov A D , Ivanova A V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with the development and simulation results of the switched reluctance motor for electric drive of mine battery electric locomotives instead of the DRT-14 DC motor. The switched reluctance motor parameters are obtained based on numerical calculation of the magnetic field by QuickField program and are embedded in MATLAB/Simulink model of a switched reluctance motor created for 8/6 magnetic system configuration. SRM-14-615 has the mechanical characteristics as DC motor DRT-14 and meets the required operating modes as part of the AM8D mine battery electric locomotive. Also two types of models using methods and techniques of the artificial intelligence theory are presented: a model with a fuzzy control system in the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package and a model with a neural network control system in the Neural Network Toolbox package.
Method for assessing the state and residual life of the insulation based on analysis of the time of discharge of the capacity of electric cables
Authors: Kazymov Ivan Maksimovich , Kompaneets Boris Sergeevich 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As of today, the problem of the lack of non-destructive methods for assessing the state and determining the residual life of the insulation of electrical cables is relevant for cable lines in operation, and especially for lines that have exhausted their service life. The research presented in the framework of this article is aimed at creating a non-destructive technique for assessing the state and residual life of electrical cables insulation. The study was carried out using computer simulation methods and using the basic theoretical laws of physics and electrical engineering. A method for assessing the condition and residual life of electrical cable insulation has been developed, which is based on the analysis of the discharge time of the cable capacity. The applicability of the method is determined, instructions are given on its applicability and the analysis of the output data. The obtained results can be used by power grid companies and industrial enterprises to analyze the state of the insulation of electrical cables.
Energy-efficient omd processes with complex local loading for the production of machine parts with a given level of properties
Authors: Golenkov V A , Dorohov D O , Radchenko S Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article discusses some new energy-efficient metal forming processes (PMD) with complex local loading of the deformation zone for the production of machine parts with a given level of properties. The place of such processes in the aggregate of all OMD technologies is shown, and their classification is given. The initial data of numerical mathematical modeling of the specified class of processes for a particular case are given, the features of the stress-strain state of the metal in the deformation zone are revealed. In the study, from a theoretical point of view, one of the important practical aspects of these technologies is considered: the effect of the value of axial compression on the shape and size of the deformation zone arising from the action of local loading of the workpiece.