bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of dam line composition of 3-way crossbred animals using genomic information
Authors: Calus Mario P. L. , Henshall John M. , Hawken Rachel , Vandenplas Jérémie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn genomic prediction including data of 3- or 4-way crossbred animals, line composition is usually fitted as a regression on expected line proportions, which are 0.5, 0.25 and 0.25, respectively, for 3-way crossbred animals. However, actual line proportions for the dam lines can vary between  ~ 0.1 and 0.4, and ignoring this variation may affect the genomic estimated breeding values of purebred selection candidates. Our aim was to validate a proposed gold standard to evaluate different approaches for estimating line proportions using simulated data, and to subsequently use this in actual 3-way crossbred broiler data to evaluate several other methods.ResultsAnalysis of simulated data confirmed that line proportions computed from assigned breed-origin-of-alleles (BOA) provide a very accurate gold standard, even if the parental lines are closely related. Alternative investigated methods were linear regression of genotypes on line-specific allele frequencies, maximum likelihood estimation using the program ADMIXTURE, and the genomic relationship of crossbred animals with their maternal grandparents. The results from the simulated data showed that the genomic relationship with the maternal grandparent was most accurate, and least affected by closer relationships between the dam lines. Linear regression and ADMIXTURE performed similarly for unrelated lines, but their accuracy dropped considerably when the dam lines were more closely related. In almost all cases, estimates improved after adjusting them to ensure that the sum of dam line contributions within animals was equal to 0.5, and within dam line and across animals the average was equal to 0.25. Results from the broiler data were much more similar between methods. In both cases, stringent linkage disequilibrium pruning of genotype data led to a relatively low accuracy of predicted line proportions, due to the loss of too many single nucleotide polymorphisms.ConclusionsWith relatively unrelated parental lines as typical in crosses in pigs and poultry, linear regression of crossbred genotypes on line-specific allele frequencies and ADMIXTURE are very competitive methods. Thus, linear regression may be the method of choice, as it does not require genotypes of grandparents, is computationally very efficient, and easily implemented and adapted for considering the specific nature of the crossbred animals analysed.
Identifying network biomarkers of cancer by sample-specific differential network
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chang Xiao , Xia Jie , Huang Yanhong , Sun Shaoyan , Chen Luonan , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbundant datasets generated from various big science projects on diseases have presented great challenges and opportunities, which contributed to unfolding the complexity of diseases. The discovery of disease-associated molecular networks for each individual plays an important role in personalized therapy and precision treatment of cancer-based on the reference networks. However, there are no effective ways to distinguish the consistency of different reference networks. In this study, we developed a statistical method, i.e. a sample-specific differential network (SSDN), to construct and analyze such networks based on gene expression of a single sample against a reference dataset. We proved that the SSDN is structurally consistent even with different reference datasets if the reference dataset can follow certain conditions. The SSDN also can be used to identify patient-specific disease modules or network biomarkers as well as predict the potential driver genes of a tumor sample.
Association mapping of plant sex and cross-compatibility related traits in white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) clones
Authors: Asfaw Asrat , Mondo Jean M. , Agre Paterne A. , Asiedu Robert , Akoroda Malachy O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is primarily a dioecious species with distinct male and female plants. Its breeding is constrained by sexual reproduction abnormalities, resulting in low success rates in cross-pollination. An accurate method for early detection of this plant’s sex and compatible fertile parents at the seedling stage would improve levels of cross-pollination success in breeding. We used the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to dissect the molecular basis of plant sex and cross-compatibility-related traits in a panel of 112 parental clones used in D. rotundata crossing blocks from 2010 to 2020.

Results
Population structure and phylogeny analyses using 8326 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers grouped the 112 white yam clones into three subpopulations. Using Multi-locus random-SNP-effect Mixed Linear Model, we identified three, one, and three SNP markers that were significantly associated with the average crossability rate (ACR), the percentage of high crossability (PHC), and the plant sex, respectively. In addition, five genes considered to be directly linked to sexual reproduction or regulating the balance of sex hormones were annotated from chromosomal regions controlling the assessed traits. This study confirmed the female heterogametic sex determination (ZZ/ZW) system proposed for D. rotundata.

Conclusions
This study provides valuable insights on the genomic control of sex identity and cross-pollination success in D. rotundata. It, therefore, opens an avenue for developing molecular markers for predicting plant sex and cross-pollination success at the early growth stage before field sex expression in this crop.
Circulating eNAMPT as a biomarker in the critically ill: acute pancreatitis, sepsis, trauma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Bime Christian , Casanova Nancy G. , Camp Sara M. , Oita Radu C. , Ndukum Juliet , Hernon Vivian Reyes , Oh Dong Kyu , Li Yansong , Greer Phil J. , Whitcomb David C. , Papachristou Georgios I. , Garcia Joe G. N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) exhibits dual functionality – as an intracellular enzyme regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and as an extracellular secreted protein (eNAMPT) to function as a cytokine regulator of innate immunity via binding to Toll-Like receptor 4 and NF-κB activation. In limited preclinical and clinical studies, eNAMPT was implicated in the pathobiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) suggesting that eNAMPT could potentially serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. We investigated the feasibility of circulating eNAMPT levels to serve as a biomarker in an expanded cohort of patients with ARDS and ARDS-predisposing conditions that included acute pancreatitis, sepsis, and trauma with comparisons to controls.MethodsA total of 671 patients and 179 healthy controls were included in two independent cohorts. Plasma and serum eNAMPT levels were quantified using one of two complementary Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays. After log base 2 variance stabilizing transformation of plasma/serum eNAMPT measurements, differences between healthy controls and each disease cohort were compared using linear regression or a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model where applicable. Complementary analyses included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating curve.ResultsCompared to controls, circulating eNAMPT levels were significantly elevated in subjects with acute pancreatitis, sepsis, trauma, and ARDS (allp < 0.01). In the acute pancreatitis cohort, circulating eNAMPT levels positively correlated with disease severity (p < 0.01).ConclusionsCirculating eNAMPT levels are novel biomarker in the critically ill with acute pancreatitis, sepsis, trauma, and/or ARDS with the potential to reflect disease severity.
A model combining rest-only ECG-gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging and cardiovascular risk factors can effectively predict obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Liu Bao , Yu Wenji , Wang Jianfeng , Shao Xiaoliang , Zhang Feifei , Zhou Mingge , Shi Yunmei , Wang Bing , Xu Yiduo , Wang Yuetao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
The rest-only single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) had low sensitivity in diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Improving the efficacy of resting MPI in diagnosing CAD has important clinical significance for patients with contraindications to stress. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a model predicting obstructive CAD in suspected CAD patients, based on rest-only MPI and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
A consecutive retrospective cohort of 260 suspected CAD patients who underwent rest-only gated SPECT MPI and coronary angiography was constructed. All enrolled patients had stress MPI contraindications. Clinical data such as age and gender were collected. Automated quantitative analysis software QPS and QGS were used to evaluate myocardial perfusion and function parameters. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable logistic regression were used to select the variables and build the prediction model.

Results
Among the enrolled 260 patients with suspected CAD, there were 95 (36.5%, 95/260) patients with obstructive CAD. The prediction model was presented in the form of a nomogram and developed based on selected predictors, including age, sex, SRS ≥ 4, SMS ≥ 2, STS ≥ 2, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The AUC of the prediction model was 0.795 (95% CI: 0.741–0.843), which was better than the traditional models. The AUC calculated by enhanced bootstrapping validation (500 bootstrap resamples) was 0.785. Subsequently, the calibration curve (intercept = − 0.106; slope = 0.843) showed a good calibration of the model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) shows that the constructed clinical prediction model had good clinical applications.

Conclusions
In patients with suspected CAD and contraindications to stress MPI, a prediction model based on rest-only ECG-gated SPECT MPI and cardiovascular risk factors have been developed and validated to predict obstructive CAD effectively.
Frequency and predictors of unspecific medical diagnoses in the emergency department: a prospective observational study
Authors: Birrenbach Tanja , Hoffmann Michele , Hautz Stefanie C. , Kämmer Juliane E. , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Sauter Thomas C. , Müller Martin , Hautz Wolf E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Misdiagnosis is a major public health problem, causing increased morbidity and mortality. In the busy setting of an emergency department (ED) patients are diagnosed under difficult circumstances. As a consequence, the ED diagnosis at hospital admittance may often be a descriptive diagnosis, such as “decreased general condition”. Our objective was to determine in how far patients with such an unspecific ED diagnosis differ from patients with a specific ED diagnosis and whether they experience a worse outcome.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study in Bern university hospital in Switzerland for all adult non-trauma patients admitted to any internal medicine ward from August 15th 2015 to December 7th 2015. Unspecific ED diagnoses were defined through the clinical classification software for ICD-10 by two outcome assessors. As outcome parameters, we assessed in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay.

Results
Six hundred eighty six consecutive patients were included. Unspecific diagnoses were identified in 100 (14.6%) of all consultations.
Patients receiving an unspecific diagnosis at ED discharge were significantly more often women (56.0% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.024), presented more often with a non-specific complaint (34% vs. 21%, p = 0.004), were less often demonstrating an abnormal heart rate (5.0% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.03), and less often on antibiotics (32.0% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.002). Apart from these, no studied drug intake, laboratory or clinical data including change in diagnosis was associated significantly with an unspecific diagnosis. Unspecific diagnoses were neither associated with in-hospital mortality in multivariable analysis (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 0.60–5.04; p = 0.305) adjusted for relevant confounders nor with length of hospital stay (GMR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.23–3.32; p = 0.840).

Conclusions
Women and patients with non-specific presenting complaints and no abnormal heart rate are at risk of receiving unspecific ED diagnoses that do not allow for targeted treatment, discharge and prognosis. This study did not find an effect of such diagnoses on length of hospital stay nor in-hospital mortality.
“A” stands for airway – Which factors guide the need for on-scene airway management in facial fracture patients?
Authors: Puolakkainen Tero , Toivari Miika , Puolakka Tuukka , Snäll Johanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNumerous guidelines highlight the need for early airway management in facial trauma patients since specific fracture patterns may induce airway obstruction. However, the incidence of these hallmark injuries, including flail mandibles and posterior displacement of the maxilla, is contentious. We aim to evaluate specific trauma-related variables in facial fracture patients, which affect the need for on-scene versus in-hospital airway management.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all patients with any type of facial fracture, who required early airway management on-scene or in-hospital. The primary outcome variable was the site of airway management (on-scene versus hospital) and the main predictor variable was the presence of a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The association of fracture type, mechanism, and method for early airway management are also reported. Altogether 171 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 171 patients included in the analysis, 100 (58.5) had combined midfacial fractures or combination fractures of facial thirds. Altogether 118 patients (69.0%) required airway management on-scene and for the remaining 53 patients (31.0%) airway was secured in-hospital. A total of 168 (98.2%) underwent endotracheal intubation, whereas three patients (1.8%) received surgical airway management. TBIs occurred in 138 patients (80.7%), but presence of TBI did not affect the site of airway management. Younger age, Glasgow Coma Scale-score of eight or less, and oro-naso-pharyngeal haemorrhage predicted airway management on-scene, whereas patients who had fallen at ground level and in patients with facial fractures but no associated injuries, the airway was significantly more often managed in-hospital.ConclusionsProper preparedness for airway management in facial fracture patients is crucial both on-scene and in-hospital. Facial fracture patients need proper evaluation of airway management even when TBI is not present.
A rare case of melioidosis presenting as myositis in Sri Lanka
Authors: Vithana Sanura Malinda Pallegoda , Chathuranga Liyanage Sashika , Jayasinghe Saman , Udayakumara Edippuli Arachchige Don 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging infection in Sri Lanka with a high case fatality rate. The disease usually manifests as pneumonia, however multisystem involvement is common. Myositis is an extremely rare occurrence and this is the only documented case where the initial presentation of melioidosis has been myositis and later complicated to myonecrosis.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old gentleman with pre-existing diabetes presented with a tender, right thigh lump for 1 week duration without any history of trauma or infection. Investigations revealed neutrophil leukocytosis, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels whilst ultrasonography showed focal myositis of right quadriceps. The patient went into sepsis amidst antibacterial treatment which warranted urgent surgery. At surgery, a large intramuscular abscess with myonecrosis was observed within vastus medialis which was completely drained and pus was taken for culture which eventually isolated Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis was diagnosed and intravenous meropenem was prescribed for 3 weeks. Following complete recovery, the patient was discharged on doxycycline and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole for 3 months.

Conclusions
Melioidosis, an endemic disease in south east Asia and northern Australia, is an emerging infection in Sri Lanka. Myositis is a rare presentation of the disease that can lead to myonecrosis and abscess formation which can cause rapid disease escalation and sepsis. Early surgical intervention may be life-saving in such cases where antibiotic therapy alone may not suffice.
‘There is nowhere to take the child’: a qualitative study of community members’ views on managing early childhood substance use in Mbale, Uganda
Authors: Skylstad V. , Engebretsen I. M. S. , Nalugya S. J. , Opesen C. , Ndeezi G. , Okello E. S. , Moland K. M. , Tumwine J. K. , Skar A. M. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Harmful alcohol use by 5–8-year-old children has been identified in Mbale District, Uganda. To further examine this finding, the present study explores the experiences and perceptions of community members regarding how childhood substance use (before age 10) is managed in this area.

Methods
We conducted eight focus group discussions with 48 parents of children aged < 10 years and 26 key informant interviews with teachers, health workers, child protection workers, police, local stakeholders, brewers, and others. Thematic content analysis was performed.

Results
Three main themes were identified:
‘We don’t talk about it’: Despite concern, childhood substance use was not addressed in the community. Participants attributed this to three main factors related to a lack of leadership in addressing it, changing acceptability for peer parental interference, and uncertainty about repercussions related to children’s rights.
‘There is nowhere to take the child’: Schools, police, and remand homes were intuitively considered appropriate arenas for managing childhood substance use but were considered inaccessible, unresponsive, and inadequate due to insufficient resources, competence, and training. Since substance use was not considered a medical problem, help from the health sector was only sought for adverse consequences, such as injury. This left the participants with the experience that there was in effect nowhere to take the child.
‘The government has not done so much’: The participants called for government action and clear laws that would regulate the availability of alcohol and other substances to children, but they had limited trust in the capacity and commitment of the government to act.

Conclusions
The participants were concerned about childhood alcohol and substance use, but the complexity and magnitude of the problem left them feeling incapacitated in responding. Relevant factors were identified on the community, institutional, and the government level, such as a lack of leadership in addressing it, a loss of mandate to interfere in child-rearing, inadequate services, weak legal structures, and missing government action. A strengthening of collective agency and public policy is necessary to prevent and address childhood alcohol and substance use.
Job crafting and employees’ general health: the role of work–nonwork facilitation and perceived boundary control
Authors: Shi Yanwei , Li Dan , Zhang Nan , Jiang Ping , Yuling Deng , Xie Julan , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Job crafting is associated with positive work–related outcomes, but its effects on nonwork–related outcomes are unclear. The conservation of resources theory informed the hypotheses that work–nonwork facilitation mediates the relationship between job crafting and general health, and this mediation process is moderated by perceived boundary control.

Methods
Using a two–wave design, 383 employees from a range of work settings completed questionnaires in which they rated job crafting, work–nonwork facilitation, general health and perceived boundary control.

Results
Moderated mediation analysis showed that work–nonwork facilitation mediated the relationship between job crafting and employee general health. Further, perceived boundary control moderated this indirect effect, such that the indirect effect was stronger for employees with high perceived boundary control than those with low perceived boundary control.

Conclusions
This study is an important step forward in understanding the effect of job crafting on nonwork domains, and in clarifying “how” and “when” job crafting might affect employees’ general health. Further, the results have practical implications for fostering employee general health.
Perceptions, knowledge, and communication preferences about indoor mold and its health implications among persons affected by Hurricane Harvey: a focus group analysis
Authors: Gandhi Pooja , Malone LaQuita , Williams Samantha , Hall Callie , Short Kirstin , Benedict Kaitlin , Toda Mitsuru 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Among people affected by Hurricane Harvey, we assessed experiences and perceptions (e.g., knowledge, attitudes, and practices) regarding mold and its impact on health and elicited participants’ opinions about how to improve public health messaging about indoor mold after a large flooding event.

Methods
Houston Health Department conducted four focus groups with 31 Houston metropolitan area residents during January to March 2020, using a semi-structured discussion guide and federal communication materials about indoor mold. Drawing from a theoretical framework analysis, transcripts were grouped into relevant themes using inductive and deductive coding.

Results
Hurricane Harvey had a large impact on participants’ living standards, and widespread financial barriers to remediation led to long-term mold exposure for many participants. Knowledge about mold’s impact on health and proper mold clean-up practices varied, and clean-up behaviors did not commonly align with federal guidance. Participants generally preferred traditional forms of outreach, such as in-person, radio, and television announcements, to communicate public health messaging.

Conclusions
More strategic dissemination of expanded public health educational materials about proper mold clean-up practices and the health risks of mold exposure following flooding events is needed.