bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative seed longevity under genebank storage and artificial ageing: a case study in heteromorphic wheat wild relatives
Authors: Gianella M. , Balestrazzi A. , Ravasio A. , Mondoni A. , Börner A. , Guzzon F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Seed longevity is a complex trait that depends on numerous factors. It varies among species and populations, and within different seed morphs produced by the same plant. Little is known about variation in longevity in different seed morphs or the physiological and molecular basis of these differences. We evaluated the longevity and oxidative stress status in heteromorphic seeds aged in two different storage conditions.

We compared controlled ageing tests (seed storage at 45°C and 60% relative humidity; a method of accelerated ageing used to estimate longevity in genebank conditions) with storage in a genebank for up to 40 years (−18°C and 8% seed moisture content). We employed as study species two wild wheats characterized by seed heteromorphism: Aegilops tauschii and Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides. We estimated the ROS content and the expression of genes coding for enzymes related to the H2O2 scavenging pathway.

Results confirmed that seed longevity varies between different seed morphs. Different storage environments resulted in different longevity and survival curves. ROS levels, even if with variable patterns, were higher in several aged seed lots. We observed consistency in the expression of two genes (GSR and CAT) related to ROS scavenging in the late phase of pre‐germinative metabolism.

Differences in seed longevity between morphs were observed for the first time under genebank conditions. Our results suggest also that controlled ageing tests should be used with caution to infer ranks of longevity under cold storage.
Usage pattern of chemicals, biologicals and veterinary medicinal products in Indian aquaculture
Authors: Patil Prasanna K. , Mishra Sudhansu S. , Pradhan Pravata K. , Manna Sanjib K. , Abraham Jawahar T. , Solanki Haresh G. , Shahi Neetu , Swain Priyabrata , Sahoo Satya N. , Avunje Satheesha , Sharma Krupesha S. R. , Geetha Rajamanickam , Priyadharshini Raju , Nagaraju Vinay T. , Paniprasad Kurcheti , Kumar Ashok , Debnath Dipesh , Panikkar Preetha , Raja Ramalingam A. , Saraswathy Ramamoorthy , Bhuvaneswari Thangavelu , Mallik Suman K. , Sood Neeraj , Kumar Chandra B. , Sanil Nandiath K. , Vinoth Sakkarai P. , Alavandi Shankar V. , Vijayan Koyadan K. , Jithendran Karingalakkady P. , Jena Joykrushna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of chemicals, biologicals and veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) helps in healthy and sustainable fish production. Information on the use of these products is essential for assessing farming practices, potential human health and environmental risks. A questionnaire‐based nationwide survey covering aquaculture farms (n = 2936) producing carps, tilapia, pangasius and rainbow trout in freshwater and shrimp in brackishwater estimated the use of 52 different types of inputs which included disinfectants (597 g t−1), probiotics (2.28 kg t−1), environmental modifiers (22.82 kg t−1), nutritional supplements (1.96 kg t−1), natural anti‐infective agents (293 g t−1), herbicide and piscicides (844 g t−1), antibiotics (2 mg PCU−1), antifungal (4 mg PCU−1), and antiparasitic (14 mg PCU−1) agents. The bulk of these inputs was used for soil and water quality improvement and had low environmental and human safety concerns. The multivariate analysis revealed significant variation in the frequency and quantity of compounds use among farm groups. Redundancy analysis revealed a significant association between the number of products used and stocking density. The survey also showed a considerable influence of education and farming experience on the usage pattern of aquaculture inputs. Results of the study indicated greater reliance of farmers on the use of disinfectants for biosecurity, nutritional supplements for enhanced growth and environmental modifiers for maintaining soil and water quality in culture systems. Though there was no use of restricted antibiotics and antiparasitic agents, the development and implementation of standard regulatory guidelines are essential for safe and effective use of inputs for sustainable aquaculture.
Spatial dynamics for an SIRE epidemic model with diffusion and prevention in contaminated environments
Authors: Wang Ning , Chen Wei , Teng Zhidong , Zhang Long 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a reaction–diffusion SIRE epidemic model in contaminated environments is proposed, in which the effect of protection for susceptible individuals is included by the nonlinear incidence functions and . When the space is heterogeneous, the basic reproduction number is derived, by which we find that if , the disease‐free steady state is globally asymptotically stable, while , the disease is uniform persistent. Furthermore, when and additional conditions hold, the global asymptotic stability of special endemic steady state is obtained in homogeneous space. Finally, the theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations, some open questions are illustrated.
Can Conferralism Account for Systemic Racism?
Authors: Ásta  
Published: May 2022

AbstractConferralism about race is a version of social constructivism about race, where the agents of construction seem to be individual agents. However, an important aspect of racism is systemic or structural, and seemingly not about the behavior of individual agents. Can conferralism account for that? In this paper, I begin to address that question by focusing on recent criticism of conferralism by Linda Martín Alcoff and Aaron Griffith.
Effects of varying field geometry and machine configurations on spatial field traffic intensity: A case study for winter wheat harvest
Authors: Augustin Katja , Focke Martínez Santiago , Duttmann Rainer , Hertzberg Joachim , Kuhwald Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing traffic intensities in agricultural work processes increase the risk of subsoil compaction. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the geometry of the field and size of the machine influence the traffic intensity. This study focuses on analysing the influence of the machinery and field geometry on the traffic intensities in the field based on wheat harvest operations performed with one combined harvester. For this purpose, 177 routes on 59 different fields are simulated with a route planner, and subsequently, the tracks and traffic intensities are modelled. The structure of the field was specified using eight different shape indices. The analyses showed that the configuration of the machines mainly influences the total passed area and the wheel load distribution on the field. Independent of the machine, the geometry of the field has an influence on the area proportions in the headland with wheel passes above 5 and 10. The indices that highly correlate with traffic intensity are the mean interior edge ratio, the interior area ratio and the mean fractal dimension. It means that the larger the field area in proportion to the perimeter and the infield area, the larger the area fraction with more than 5 or 10 passes. Moreover, this area share increases with the complexity of the field geometry, expressed by the mean fractal dimension. Consequently, the size of the field mainly influences the traffic in the headland because of the removal of the crop.
Practical Prosody: New Hope for Teaching German Plurals
Authors: Schuhmann Katharina S. , Smith Laura Catharine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGerman plural formation appears unsystematic and largely arbitrary to many second language (L2) learners. While some approaches have attempted to identify patterns and rules to help L2 learners (e.g., Anton et al., 2017; Di Donato & Clyde, 2020; Kraiss, 2014), one central observation from linguistic analysis has been absent from pedagogical advances: German plurals show a strong tendency to end in a syllabic trochee (e.g., Wegener, 1999; Wiese, 2000, 2001, 2009). This article seeks to bridge the gap between linguistic insights and L2 pedagogy by presenting an instructional approach integrating the trochee. We provide support for this approach based on an exploratory study comparing two groups of L2 speakers that both received several suffix‐predicting rules for specific word endings and completed controlled practice exercises on plurals. Crucially, only one group received additional instruction on the prosodic pattern of German plurals. While both groups made gains, the prosodic training group showed a greater increase in confidence and accuracy in plural formation, particularly among lower‐proficiency speakers. The prosodic training group also produced more trochaic plurals for nonce words, thus responding more like native speakers. Overall, we suggest that this linguistically‐informed strategy might help students learn plurals more effectively by delimiting suffix options based on prosody.
Hip‐Hop Pedagogy, Social Justice, and Transnational Media Studies: Eko Fresh's “Aber” and Joyner Lucas's “I'm Not Racist” in Dialogue
Authors: Uca Didem , Zambon Kate , Stehle Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines hip‐hop as a vehicle for teaching social justice in college‐level media and cultural studies courses taught in English or German through engagement with Black American rapper Joyner Lucas's “I'm Not Racist” (2017) and Turkish‐German rapper Eko Fresh's “Aber” (2018). Drawing on hiphop's status as an art form grounded in activism, the authors propose that hip‐hop offers productive avenues to learn critical media analysis in a comparative framework and develop dialogic practices that transcend the classroom space. While both tracks suggest possibilities for overcoming political differences through their staging of dialogues between opposed parties, the social, linguistic, national, and historical contexts in which each artist operates and their different approaches to these dialogues lead to two thematically and formally similar yet culturally specific tracks. The included teaching materials in this article aim to lead learners to critically examine the various forms of dialogue as they function within their individual contexts and beyond: the staged dialogue of the music videos; the critical dialogue between the videos and their audiences in the process of reception; and the transnational dialogue occurring between the artists' works. These pedagogical approaches demonstrate how hip‐hop texts and contexts provide opportunities to analyze key topics such as discrimination based on race, nationality, and religion within a social justice‐oriented framework.
Telling a Good Story: Proficiency‐Based Teaching, Advanced‐Level Literary Discussions, and Social Justice
Authors: O'Brien Traci S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScholars in our profession have long called attention to the gap between language classes and upper‐level content courses. Some current trends, such as decolonizing the curriculum and using the lens of social justice, are highlighting an additional gap, which they perceive in students' preparedness to deal justly with an unjust world. This article examines some representative publications of these trends and shows how their shift away from a focus on target language learning may, in fact, exacerbate both gaps. Because they advocate restructuring world language curricula around something other than the target language and culture, these trends may distract teacher‐scholars from proven approaches – a distraction which can, in turn, hinder students from reaching Advanced or Superior levels (ACTFL, 2012). In contrast, this article argues that using the ACTFL Guidelines and proficiency‐based teaching are most useful to support students in learning to tell “good” stories, which empowers them to reach Advanced and Superior proficiency. A student‐centered, proficiency‐based approach helps teacher‐scholars bridge the gap between language and content courses as well as between individual students' proficiency in upper‐level classes. This article's last section provides detailed examples of multilevel tasks for common texts read in a literature class created for a wide range of proficiency levels.
Life Beyond the Classroom: Project‐Based Learning in a World Language Writing Course
Authors: Brooks Lauren J. , Kerschen Katherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article describes the implementation of project‐based learning in an upper‐level German as a Foreign Language writing course at a North American university. This pedagogical approach focuses on active learning, learner autonomy, collaboration among peers, tangible products, and developing transferable skills with meaningful, real‐world tasks and assessment. It reimagines the traditional teacher‐centered world language classroom with the goal of helping students to develop the skills and mindset necessary to be successful life‐long learners in a variety of contexts. This pedagogical report maps out the course design, texts, activities, and assessment procedures in order to function as a resource that can be adapted by other instructors. It demonstrates the potential of this approach for improving students' linguistic and non‐linguistic skills and contributes to the growing body of scholarship on best practices for project‐based learning in the world language classroom.
Cross‐sectional risk assessment of zoonotic Streptococcus suis in pork and swine blood in Nakhon Sawan Province in northern Thailand
Authors: Khantasup Kannika , Tungwongjulaniam Chanatda , Theerawat Ratana , Lamaisri Taweeshock , Piyalikit Kanjarat , Nuengjamnong Chackrit , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA cross‐sectional study evaluated the risk of zoonotic Streptococcus suis (S. suis) illness from consuming raw pork and swine blood in Nakhon Sawan Province. A four‐step risk assessment recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission was used to evaluate the risk along the pork supply chain. A total of 480 pork and swine blood samples were collected from the abattoir (n = 120) and retail (n = 360) during December 2020 and January 2021. Streptococcus suis in samples was enumerated using a culture‐based technique and then confirmed by the biochemical and molecular technique. Streptococcus suis was serotyped by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Two positive swine blood samples were contaminated with non‐zoonotic S. suis serotype 23 at retail. In the case of all negative samples, the deterministic prevalence becomes zero and then the risk could not be estimated. Otherwise, the beta probability distribution was used to describe the probabilistic prevalence, while the maximum likelihood estimator was applied to estimate the upper limit of a probability distribution of concentration. The district averages of probabilistic prevalences of zoonotic S. suis in pork products at abattoir and retail were 9.9% and 4.1%, respectively. The district averages of concentrations of zoonotic S. suis in pork and blood samples from abattoir were 6.8 × 10−3 cfu/g and 6.83 cfu/ml and in pork and blood samples from retail were 2.3 × 10−3 cfu/g and 2.30 cfu/ml, respectively. The overall annual risk estimate per 100,000 population in pork and swine blood from abattoir and retail were 9.8 × 10−11, 2.2 × 10−6, 5.4 × 10−13, and 8.3 × 10−8. These risk estimates were negligible (<10−6) except for the annual risk estimate in swine blood from the abattoir. The results from this cross‐sectional risk assessment should prompt the food safety regulator to cautiously sample by taking into account the duration of sampling and sample size.
A Two-Layer Heterogeneous Ant Colony System With Applications in Part-Picking Planning
Authors: Xie Liangang , Li Xianda , Wei Xiangzhi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The tape carrier packaging machine with multiple sucking discs is designed for modern, high-speed packaging production line, which is an important part of the electronic manufacturing process. The efficiency of the part-picking can directly affect the efficiency of the packaging production line. The problem involves at least three coupled sub-problems: the number of picking rounds, the matching relationship between the parts and sucking discs, and the picking order. Because the actual industrial production requires real-time or soft real-time scheduling, the challenge is how to efficiently solve this multi-dimensional combinatorial optimization problem within a fairly limited time. The existing advanced algorithms such as the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm usually require complex and time-consuming encoding and decoding while solving this problem. In contrast, the ant colony algorithm has advantages in the convergence rate and parallel computing, especially for searching high dimensional paths in dynamic environments. In order to further improve the comprehensive performance of the ant colony algorithm in solving multi-dimensional coupled optimization problems in extremely limited time, we propose a novel two-layer heterogeneous ant colony system based on three strategies: (1) a bottom-up two-layer solution framework to decouple the original tightly coupled problem into a loosely coupled problem composed of two sub-problems; (2) a candidate cluster augmentation strategy based on the Delaunay triangulation to improve the diversity and quality of the clusters; (3) a co-evolution between a pair of heterogeneous colonies by mixing the high-quality pheromone properly as well as a co-evolution based on the prior knowledge. Finally, through a large set of comparisons, the average picking efficiency of Two-layer Heterogeneous Ant Colony System improved by the three proposed strategies is 13–16% higher than that of other popular heuristic algorithms.
Modification of the lithospheric mantle induced by recycled crustal components: Insights from Early Cretaceous appinites from the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China
Authors: Yan Xiang-Yu , Yang De-Bin , Xu Wen-Liang , Yang Hao-Tian , Mu Mao-Song , Wang An-Qi , Quan Yi-Kang , Hao Le-Ran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe term “appinites” refers to amphibolerich mafic rocks, as one of the most typical products of partial melting of a metasomatic lithospheric mantle. This paper presents results of integrated geochemical and isotopic analyses for six Early Cretaceous (125–119 Ma) appinitic plutons from the Liaodong Peninsula, northeastern North China Craton (NCC), to not only investigate the properties of the metasomatic lithospheric mantle induced by variable recycled crustal components but also to discuss a hydrous mantle source. The appinites originated from partial melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), and can be geochemically categorized into three groups distinguished by the input of different recycled crustal components (e.g., terrigenous sediments and delaminated lower continental crust) on the basis of two distinct Hf-O isotopic arrays. Based on the occurrence of voluminous amphiboles (50–60 vol%) and minor clinopyroxene remnants, a petrogenetic model was proposed to interpret the formation of appinites. Asthenospheric upwelling caused by the subduction and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific plate firstly resulted in partial melting of the SCLM to yield basaltic magmas. Subsequently, numerous hydration reactions between early anhydrous minerals (e.g., olivine and pyroxene) of basaltic magmas and hydrous melts derived from terrigenous sediments and delaminated lower continental crust occurred to produce the studied appinites. Ultimately, the recycled crustal materials can serve as the metasomatic agent not only to transfer the enriched isotopic signatures into the studied appinites but also to represent hydrous components to play the part of hydrous reactions. The high abundance of amphibole in the studied appinites is indicative of a hydrous lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern NCC.
Fibrinogen Early In Severe paediatric Trauma studY (FEISTY junior): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: George Shane , Wake Elizabeth , Jansen Melanie , Roy John , Maconachie Sharon , Paasilahti Anni , Wiseman Greg , Gibbons Kristen , Winearls James 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionTrauma causes 40% of child deaths in high-income countries, with haemorrhage being a leading contributor to death in this population. There is a growing recognition that fibrinogen and platelets play a major role in trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) but the exact physiological mechanisms are poorly understood.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective multicentre, open-label, randomised, two-arm parallel feasibility study conducted in the emergency departments, intensive care units and operating theatres of participating hospitals. Severely injured children, aged between 3 months and 18 years, presenting with traumatic haemorrhage requiring transfusion of blood products will be screened for inclusion.Sixty-eight patients will be recruited and will be allocated to fibrinogen replacement using fibrinogen concentrate (FC) or cryoprecipitate in a 1:1 ratio. Fibrinogen replacement will be administered to patients with a FIBTEM A5 of ≤10. All other aspects of the currently used rotational thromboelastometry-guided treatment algorithm and damage-control approach to trauma remain the same in both groups.The primary outcome is time to administration of fibrinogen replacement from time of identification of hypofibrinogenaemia. Clinical secondary outcomes and feasibility outcomes will also be analysed.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical clearance from the Children’s Health Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/17/QRCH/78). Equipment and consumables for sample testing have been provided to the study by Haemoview Diagnostics, Werfen Australia and Haemonetics Australia. FC has been provided by CSL Behring, Australia. The funding bodies and industry partners have had no input into the design of the study, and will not be involved in the preparation or submission of the manuscript for publication.The use of viscoelastic haemostatic assays and early fibrinogen replacement has the potential to improve outcomes in paediatric trauma through earlier recognition of TIC. This in turn may reduce transfusion volumes and downstream complications and reduce the reliance on donor blood products such as cryoprecipitate.The use of FC has implications for regional and remote centres who would not routinely have access to cryoprecipitate but could store FC easily. Access to early fibrinogen replacement in these centres could make a significant impact and assist in closing the gap in trauma care available to residents of these communities.Outcomes of this study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and submitted for presentation at national and international scientific fora.Trial registration numberNCT03508141.