bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA‐identical living related kidney transplantation: Outcomes of a national multicenter study
Authors: Bentata Yassamine , ElKabbaj Driss , Bahadi Abdelaali , Rhou Hakima , Laouad Inass , Sqalli Tarik , Bouattar Tarik , Ouzeddoun Naima , Bayahia Rabia , Ramdani Benyouns 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe kidney prognosis of HLA‐identical seems theoretically very interesting with the lowest risk of acute rejection after that of identical twins. Objectives were to determine the prevalence of acute rejection and various complications in a cohort of HLA‐identical living‐related kidney transplant.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter study was conducted in seven university centers in Morocco, which included all recipients of an HLA‐identical living‐related kidney transplant performed between 1990 and 2019.ResultsData on 68 HLA‐identical living‐related kidney transplants were collected. The donors were siblings in 89.7%, the parents in 7.3%, and identical twins in 3% of cases. 53.6% of all recipients were under 35 years old, and 59.4% of them were male. 39.7% of all donors were under 35 years old, and 47% of them were male. 48.5% of HLA‐identical living‐related kidney transplants were performed before the year 2000. 18 kidney transplant biopsies were performed on 16 kidney transplant recipients. Seven episodes of acute rejection occurred in six patients, 8.8% of the whole cohort (n = 68). Two cases of acute rejection among the seven were related to poor adherence, cessation of immunosuppressive therapy, and loss of medical follow‐up by these patients. These two patients were 20 years old at the time of kidney transplantation. The global kidney transplant survival was 66.7% versus 91.9% (P = 0.04) in the two patient groups having developed acute rejection and not having developed acute rejection, respectively.ConclusionsAcute rejection is a real threat to HLA‐identical kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, it seems very important to codify the immunosuppressive regimen and to adopt a minimal and effective treatment.
Health care workers' experience of personal protective equipment use and associated adverse effects during the COVID‐19 pandemic response in Singapore
Authors: Aloweni Fazila , Bouchoucha Stéphane L. , Hutchinson Ana , Ang Shin Yuh , Toh Hui Xian , Bte Suhari Nur' Azzah , Bte Sunari Raden Nurheryany , Lim Siew Hoon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimOne of the greatest challenges in responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic is preventing staff exposure and infection by ensuring consistent and effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study explored health care workers' experience of prolonged PPE use in clinical practice settings and their concerns regarding PPE supply, effectiveness and training needs.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional design was adopted in this study.MethodsHealth care workers (N = 592) from an acute care hospital completed an online survey from July to September 2020 assessing: (i) usage frequencies, side effects and interference with patient care; and (ii) perceptions of access to PPE, likelihood of exposure to infection and adequacy of PPE training.ResultsPPE‐related side effects were reported by 319 (53.8%) participants, the majority being nurses (88.4%) and those working in high‐risk areas such as the emergency department (39.5%), respiratory wards (acute 22.3% and non‐acute 23.8%) and COVID‐19 isolation ward (13.8%). The average time wearing PPE per shift was 6.8 h (SD0.39). The most commonly reported symptoms were from donning N95 masks and included: pressure injuries (45.5%), mask‐induced acne (40.4%) and burning/pain (24.5%). Some 31.3% expressed that PPE‐related side effects had negatively affected their work. The odds of having PPE‐associated side effects was higher in women (OR 2.10, 95% CI [1.29–03.42],p = .003) and those working in high‐risk wards (OR 3.12, 95% CI [2.17–4.60],p < .001]. Most (90.1%) agreed that PPE supplies were readily available, sufficient for all (86.1%) and there was sufficient training in correct PPE use (93.6%). Only 13.7% of participants reported being ‘highly confident’ of overall PPE protection.ConclusionsPrevention and management of PPE‐related adverse effects is vital to: preserve the integrity of PPE, improve adherence and minimize viral transmission.ImpactThe high incidence of PPE‐associated pressure injuries and perception that PPE use can interfere with clinical care should inform future development of PPE products, and strategies to better equip health care workers to prevent and manage PPE‐related side effects.
Intramural mapping of intramural septal ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Tam Tsz‐kin , Ghannam Michael , Liang Jackson J. , Attili Anil , Cochet Hubert , Jais Pierre , Juhoor Mehdi , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jongnarangsin Krit , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntramural ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) can originate in patients with or without structural heart disease. Electrogram (EGM) recordings from intramural sources of VA have not been described thoroughly.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that the presence of scar may be linked to the site of origin (SOO) of focal, intramural VAs.MethodsIn a series of 21 patients (age: 55 ± 11 years, 12 women, mean ejection fraction 43 ± 14%) in whom the SOO of intramural VAs was identified, we analyzed bipolar EGM characteristics at the SOO and compared the findings with the endocardial breakout site. The patients were from a pool of 86 patients with intramural VAs referred for ablation.ResultsIn 16/21 patients intramural scarring was detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging In patients in whom the intramural SOO was reached, intramural bipolar EGMs showed a lower voltage and had broader EGMs compared to the endocardial breakout sites (0.97 ± 0.56 vs. 2.28 ± 0.15 mV, p = .001; and 122.3 ± 31.6 vs. 96.5 ± 26.3 ms, p < .01). All intramural sampled sites at the SOO had either low voltage or broad abnormal EGMs. The activation time was significantly earlier at the intramural SOO than at breakout sites (−36.2 ± 11.8 vs. −23.2 ± 9.1 ms, p < .0001).ConclusionsSites of origin of intramural VAs with scar by CMR display EGM characteristics of scarring, supporting that scar tissue localizes to the SOO of intramural outflow tract arrhythmias in some patients. Scarring identified by CMR may be helpful in planning ablation procedures in patients with suspected intramural VAs.
Maternal sleep during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Ruiqi , Xu Mengmeng , Yang Wenfang , Xie Guilan , Yang Liren , Shang Li , Zhang Boxing , Guo Leqian , Yue Jie , Zeng Lingxia , Chung Mei Chun 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSleep problems are important public health concern worldwide. We carried out a meta‐analysis to quantitatively evaluate whether sleep duration was associated with pregnancy outcomes, and the associations were modified by important characteristics of studies.Materials and MethodsBased on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, we searched for published literature related to maternal sleep duration and adverse pregnancy outcomes before 30 June 2021. We carried out risk of bias assessment, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis. The relative risks or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the pooled effects.ResultsA total of 5,246 references were identified through a database search, and 41 studies were included in the study. Pregnant women with short sleep duration had 1.81‐fold (95% CI 1.35–2.44,P < 0.001) the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. The association between short sleep duration and the risk of gestational hypertension, cesarean section, low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age were not significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, long sleep duration was significantly correlated with gestational diabetes mellitus (odds ratio1.24. 95% CI 1.12–1.36,P < 0.001) and CS (odds ratio 1.13. 95% CI 1.04–1.22,P = 0.004), whereas long sleep duration was not linked with gestational hypertension, low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age (P > 0.05).ConclusionsShort/long sleep duration appeared to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Sleep should be systematically screened in the obstetric population.
Classifying atopic dermatitis: a systematic review of phenotypes and associated characteristics
Authors: Bosma A.L. , Ascott A. , Iskandar R. , Farquhar K. , Matthewman J. , Langendam M.W. , Mulick A. , Abuabara K. , Williams H.C. , Spuls P.I. , Langan S.M. , Middelkamp‐Hup M.A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease, accompanied by a wide variation in disease presentation and the potential to identify many phenotypes that may be relevant for prognosis and treatment. We aimed to systematically review previously reported phenotypes of atopic dermatitis and any characteristics associated with them. Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched from inception till 12 February 2021 for studies attempting to classify atopic dermatitis. Primary outcomes are atopic dermatitis phenotypes and characteristics associated with them in subsequent analyses. A secondary outcome is the methodological approach used to derive them. In total, 8511 records were found. By focussing only on certain clinical phenotypes, 186 studies were eligible for inclusion. The majority of studies were hospital‐based (59%, 109/186) and cross‐sectional (76%, 141/186). The number of included patients ranged from seven to 526 808. Data‐driven approaches to identify phenotypes were only used in a minority of studies (7%, 13/186). Ninety‐one studies (49%) investigated a phenotype based on disease severity. A phenotype based on disease trajectory, morphology and eczema herpeticum was investigated in 56 (30%), 22 (12%) and 11 (6%) studies respectively. Thirty‐six studies (19%) investigated morphological characteristics in other phenotypes. Investigated associated characteristics differed between studies. In conclusion, we present an overview of phenotype definitions used in literature for severity, trajectory, morphology and eczema herpeticum, including associated characteristics. There is a lack of uniform and consistent use of atopic dermatitis phenotypes across studies.
Interactions between microenvironment, selection and genetic architecture drive multiscale adaptation in a simulation experiment
Authors: Cubry Philippe , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie , Scotti Ivan , Lefèvre François 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen environmental conditions differ both within and among populations, multiscale adaptation results from processes at both scales and interference across scales. We hypothesize that within‐population environmental heterogeneity influences the chance of success of migration events, both within and among populations, and maintains within‐population adaptive differentiation. We used a simulation approach to analyse the joint effects of environmental heterogeneity patterns, selection intensity and number of QTL controlling a selected trait on local adaptation in a hierarchical metapopulation design. We show the general effects of within‐population environmental heterogeneity: (i) it increases occupancy rate at the margins of distribution ranges, under extreme environments and high levels of selection; (ii) it increases the adaptation lag in all environments; (iii) it impacts the genetic variance in each environment, depending on the ratio of within‐ to between‐populations environmental heterogeneity; (iv) it reduces the selection‐induced erosion of adaptive gene diversity. Most often, the smaller the number of QTL involved, the stronger are these effects. We also show that both within‐ and between‐populations phenotypic differentiation (Q
ST) mainly results from covariance of QTL effects rather than QTL differentiation (F
STq), that within‐population QTL differentiation is negligible, and that stronger divergent selection is required to produce adaptive differentiation within populations than among populations. With a high number of QTL, when the difference between environments within populations exceeds the smallest difference between environments across populations, high levels of within‐population differentiation can be reached, reducing differentiation among populations. Our study stresses the need to account for within‐population environmental heterogeneity when investigating local adaptation.
Comparison of postoperative laparoscopic and open total mesorectal excision on lower urinary tract function in men with rectal cancer
Authors: Fei Zhenglei , Yu Jiazi , Huang Bin , Jin Liangbin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated male voiding dysfunction (VD) or lower urinary tract function in rectal cancer (RC) patients after laparoscopic or open total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP).MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐seven male RC patients admitted between January 2016 and May 2019 were enrolled in this study, 112 of whom underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) and 75 underwent open total mesorectal excision (OTME). The International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) was compared between the two groups.ResultsThe postoperative IPSS in patients with RC was elevated on day 7 and gradually decreased during the first month after surgery. Compared with the OTME group, the IPSS scores decreased less in the LTME group at week 1, and months 1 and 3 postoperatively (6.82 ± 2.13 vs 10.15 ± 3.86, 5.70 ± 2.45 vs 7.21 ± 2.0, and 5.01 ± 2.09 vs 5.75 ± 2.55, respectively; P < 0.05). The VD rate was significantly lower in the LTME group than the OTME group at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postoperatively (21.4% vs 26.8%,13.4% vs 25.3%, and 9.8% vs18.6%, respectively; P < 0.05); however, there was no major difference in the incidence of VD 6 months postoperatively between the two groups (P > 0.05). VD was more frequent in the OTME group than the LTME group 6 months postoperatively, but the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.857, 95% CI, 0.964‐3.645, P = 0.064).ConclusionsLTME may be superior to OTME with respect to PANP of lower urinary tract function in males with RC.
Parentage analysis across age cohorts reveals sex differences in reproductive skew in a group‐living cichlid fish,Neolamprologus multifasciatus
Authors: Bose Aneesh P. H. , Dabernig‐Heinz Johanna , Koch Lukas , Grimm Jacqueline , Lang Sebastian , Hegedűs Bernadett , Banda Taylor , Makasa Lawrence , Jordan Alex , Sefc Kristina M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroup‐living animals are often faced with complex reproductive decisions, namely how to partition within‐group reproduction, how to obtain extra‐group reproduction and how these two means of reproduction should be balanced. The solutions to these questions can be difficult to predict because ecological conditions can affect the scopes for within‐group and extra‐group reproduction in complex ways. For example, individuals that are restricted from moving freely around their habitats may have limited extra‐group reproductive opportunities, but at the same time, groups may live in close proximity to one another, which could potentially have the opposite effect. The group‐living cichlid fishNeolamprologus multifasciatusexperiences such ecological conditions, and we conducted an intensive genetic parentage analysis to investigate how reproduction is distributed within and among groups for both males and females. We found that cohabiting males live in “high‐skew” societies, where dominant males monopolize the majority of within‐group reproduction, while females live in “low‐skew” societies, where multiple females can produce offspring concurrently. Despite extremely short distances separating groups, we inferred only very low levels of extra‐group reproduction, suggesting that subordinate males have very limited reproductive opportunities. A strength of our parentage analysis lies in its inclusion of individuals that spanned a wide age range, from young fry to adults. We outline the logistical circumstances when very young offspring may not always be accessible to parentage researchers, and present strategies to overcome the challenges of inferring mating patterns from a wide age range of offspring.
Epistemic contestation and interagency conflict: The challenge of regulating investment funds
Authors: James Scott , Quaglia Lucia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScholarship on regulating global finance emphasizes the importance of national and bureaucratic interests, but less attention has been devoted to epistemic sources of regulatory conflict. We address this by analyzing the failure of regulators to agree tougher rules for large investment funds after the 2008 crisis. The article suggests this outcome was the result of epistemic contestation between prudential regulators and securities regulators, rooted in divergent interpretive “frames.” We show that US and EU prudential regulators pushed for entity‐based regulation of investment funds by escalating the issue to global standard‐setting bodies. But this was successfully resisted by securities regulators that exercised epistemic authority through recursive practices—appeals to expertise, jurisdictional claims, and alliance building—to defend their transaction‐based approach. The article demonstrates how an interpretivist perspective can provide new insights into inter‐agency conflict and regulatory disputes in other policy fields.
Cost‐effectiveness of noninvasive fetal RhD blood group genotyping in nonalloimmunized and alloimmunized pregnancies
Authors: Gajic‐Veljanoski Olga , Li Chunmei , Schaink Alexis K. , Guo Jennifer , Shehata Nadine , Charames George S. , de Vrijer Barbra , Clarke Gwen , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Okun Nanette , Kandel Rita , Dooley Joseph , Higgins Caroline , Ng Vivian , Sikich Nancy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine the cost‐effectiveness of noninvasive fetal RhD blood group genotyping in nonalloimmunized and alloimmunized pregnancies in Canada.Study design and methodsWe developed two probabilistic state‐transition (Markov) microsimulation models to compare fetal genotyping followed by targeted management versus usual care (i.e., universal Rh immunoglobulin [RhIG] prophylaxis in nonalloimmunized RhD‐negative pregnancies, or universal intensive monitoring in alloimmunized pregnancies). The reference case considered a healthcare payer perspective and a 10‐year time horizon. Sensitivity analysis examined assumptions related to test cost, paternal screening, subsequent pregnancies, other alloantibodies (e.g., K, Rh c/C/E), societal perspective, and lifetime horizon.ResultsFetal genotyping in nonalloimmunized pregnancies (at per‐sample test cost of C$247/US$311) was associated with a slightly higher probability of maternal alloimmunization (22 vs. 21 per 10,000) and a reduced number of RhIG injections (1.427 vs. 1.795) than usual care. It was more expensive (C$154/US$194, 95% Credible Interval [CrI]: C$139/US$175‐C$169/US$213) and had little impact on QALYs (0.0007, 95%CrI: −0.01–0.01). These results were sensitive to the test cost (threshold achieved at C$88/US$111), and inclusion of paternal screening. Fetal genotyping in alloimmunized pregnancies (at test cost of C$328/US$413) was less expensive (‐C$6280/US$7903, 95% CrI: ‐C$6325/US$7959 to ‐C$6229/US$7838) and more effective (0.19 QALYs, 95% CrI 0.17–0.20) than usual care. These cost savings remained robust in sensitivity analyses.DiscussionNoninvasive fetal RhD genotyping saves resources and represents good value for the management of alloimmunized pregnancies. If the cost of genotyping is substantially decreased, the targeted intervention can become a viable option for nonalloimmunized pregnancies.
A Comparative Study of Multi-Stage Approaches for Wind Farm Layout Optimization
Authors: Yang Puyi , Najafi Hamidreza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problem is a complex and nonconvex optimization problem. Even though many different heuristic algorithms and mathematical programming methods have been tested and discussed, there is no consensus about which algorithm is the most suitable approach for solving WFLO problems. Every algorithm presents its own advantages and disadvantages in solving different optimization problems; thus, multi-stage approaches may combine the advantages of multiple algorithms and offer superior performance. One multi-stage approach used for solving WFLO problems is to apply an algorithm in the first stage to produce an optimized layout which serves as the initial condition for a second-stage algorithm to perform further refinement. This paper presents a comparison between two types of multi-stage methods: the Heuristic-Gradient-based (H-G) model which consists of a heuristic algorithm in stage 1 and a gradient-based algorithm in stage 2 and the Discrete-Continuous (D-C) model which consists of a heuristic algorithm in the discrete scheme in stage 1 and an algorithm in the continuous scheme in stage 2. Annual energy production (AEP) is used as the objective function while the computational time associated with each approach is documented. Three scenarios are investigated in this paper with different complexity in the wind conditions. It was observed that the D-C models provide the optimal solutions with an average of 0.67% higher AEP and an average of 6.2% lower computational time in comparison with the H-G models. The results from this study provide a basis for selecting a proper optimization algorithm for solving WFLO problems which can lead to a significant increase in the overall annual energy production and a large reduction in computational time.
Weldability and the Effect on Heat-Affected Zone Microstructure of a High Hardenability Boron Steel Compared to SAE 1045 After Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Authors: Oliveira José Gustavo de , Alves Antonio do Nascimento Silva , Casanova Jaime , Jose de Carvalho Jeferson , Brandi Sérgio Duarte 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the steels commonly used in the industry in mechanical devices, tools, and structural steels is SAE 1045. A possible replacement for this alloy is SAE 15B30 with similar mechanical properties and has been used in the automotive and construction industry. To select an alloy, care is needed, for example, weldability. Making a comparative study of these alloys, can boron steel replace SAE 1045? Knowing that boron steels have high hardenability but may have improved weldability due to the low carbon equivalent. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the factors that can interfere with the quality of the final product after the welding processes, as the mechanical properties and microstructures in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) may change. Knowing that in the automotive and civil sector we have several welding processes, it is extremely important to know the results of a boron steel after a welding process; thus, this work intends to compare the weldability of SAE 15B30 and SAE 1045 welded by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and also to analyze the microstructural changes after welding by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and its relationship with hardness using the test of Vickers microhardness. To perform the welds, both in SAE 1045 steel and in SAE 15B30 steel, the butt joint with a V-shaped chamfer was chosen. The results showed that the boron steel, with high hardenability, obtained a microstructure with bainite in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ), unlike SAE 1045, which presented pearlitic microstructure. In addition, the hardness of boron steel increased by approximately 90% over the base metal (BM), and the hardness of SAE 1045 increased close to 50% over the BM.