bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of acid forest soils to helicopter liming in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia
Authors: Fowler Jarrett , Skousen Jeff , Connolly Stephanie , Nottingham Adrienne , Scagline‐Mellor Steffany , Schuler Jamie , McDonald Louis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTypical of soils in humid climates, soils in the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) in West Virginia are acidic because of leaching of base cations, uptake of Ca and Mg by vegetation, and release of organic acids by organic matter (OM) decomposition. Soil acidity has increased because of anthropogenic acid deposition causing declines in forest health. In anticipation of a large‐scale liming project in the MNF, soils at 10 sites were sampled and analyzed in 2009. In 2018, lime was applied by helicopter to a total of 323 ha at a rate of 10 Mg ha−1. One year after liming, soils were resampled and analyzed in 2019 representing five limed and five unlimed areas using the same procedures. The objectives were to determine whether unlimed soils had changed between 2009 and 2019 and to evaluate changes in soils resulting from liming in 2019 for pH, acidity, and Al and Ca concentrations. In O and A horizons, unlimed soils had changed only slightly in the 10‐yr interval. Liming increased soil pH in O horizons from 4.6 to 5.9. Liming reduced acidity values by 73% and Al concentrations by 80% in O horizons. Liming increased Ca concentrations by at least three times in O and A horizons. Based on first‐year results, liming had a significant effect on soil properties of O and A horizons. Future sampling at 3 and 5 yr after liming will help to evaluate further changes in soils as a result of liming and under reduced acid deposition rates.
Multimodal Literacies: Fertile Ground for Equity, Inclusion, and Connection
Authors: Watts‐Taffe Susan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article explores the potential of multimodal literacies to support a more equitable, inclusive approach to literacy instruction. Approaching multimodal literacies with an asset‐based stance toward students with respect to culture, language, and dis/ability, multimodal literacies can support the enactment of culturally relevant pedagogy as well as inclusive teaching and learning. The article discusses intersections between multimodal literacies, culturally relevant pedagogies, and inclusive teaching practices associated with Universal Design for Learning (UDL), both conceptually and through practical examples drawn from the literature. Four themes from the examples are discussed: teacher learning, student learning, collaborating, and connecting. Questions are provided to guide teachers as they consider their own multimodal literacies instruction.
Evaluation of dietary Perilla frutescens seed on performance and carcass quality in finishing castrated male Songliao black pigs
Authors: Xia Ji Qiao , He XinMiao , Wang Lan , Wang Liang , Zhang Dong Ji , Wang Ji Feng , Liu Di 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) on growth performance, blood profiles, meat quality and meat nutrient characteristics in finishing castrated male Songliao black pigs.MethodsA total of 80 castrated male Songliao black pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 84.1 ± 2.1 kg were used in a 75 days feeding trial. All pigs were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments: CON, basal diet; PFS3.0, basal diet + 3.0% of PFS; PFS6.0, basal diet + 6.0% of PFS and PFS9.0, basal diet + 9.0% of PFS.ResultsAs a result of this experiment, dietary supplementation of PFS improved the growth performance parameters, blood albumin and blood lipid parameters. Whereas, on FBW, average daily feed intake and average daily gain there showed a non‐dose‐dependent manner that pigs in PFS9.0 had lowest performance compared with other two PFS treatments. Furthermore, meat colour of yellowness, pH, cook meat rate, moisture, crude protein and crude fat were increased by PFS addition. However, lower growth performance was observed in PFS9.0 group. As well as, dietary inclusion of PFS also alters the meat amino acid composition and meat fatty acids composition. Particularly, umami amino acid contents and polyunsaturated fatty acid were all enhanced by PFS addition.ConclusionsIn summary, dietary supplementation of PFS have beneficial effects on the performance and meat quality and nutritional values in Songliao black pigs.
Novel mono‐ and multi‐strain probiotics supplementation modulates growth, intestinal microflora composition and haemato‐biochemical parameters in broiler chickens
Authors: Reuben Rine Christopher , Sarkar Shovon Lal , Ibnat Habiba , Roy Pravas Chandra , Jahid Iqbal Kabir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe reduction of antimicrobial usage in food‐producing animals necessitates the intense search for novel alternatives, including new probiotic strains with more effective properties in improving growth performance and curtailing diseases in animals.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of novel mono‐ and multi‐strain probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and haemato‐biochemical parameters of broilers.MethodsA total of 160 one‐day‐old Cobb 500 broilers were divided into eight treatment groups with two replicates consisting of (1) basal diet (negative control), (2) basal diet with antibiotic, colistin sulphate, (3) basal diet with commercial probiotic, PROMAX® (positive control), (4) basal diet with Pediococcus acidilactici I5, (5) basal diet with P. pentosaceus I13, (6) basal diet with Enterococcus faecium C14, (7) basal diet with Lactobacillus plantarum C16 and (8) basal diet with the combination of all the four probiotic strains. Birds were kept for 35 days and through oral gavage, 1 ml of 108 study probiotic strains administered on days 3–6, 14 and 18.ResultsSupplementation with P. pentosaceus I13, L. plantarum C16 or multi‐strain probiotics significantly (p < 0.05) improved the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio with decrease in feed intake and intestinal Enterobacteria counts. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, total white blood cells, platelets counts and a lowered (p < 0.05) total cholesterol and glucose levels in multi‐strains probiotic supplemented birds.ConclusionThe supplementation with novel multi‐strain probiotics improved growth, intestinal health and haemato‐biochemical parameters in broilers and could be used as suitable antibiotic alternatives.
Hepatitis B und C: Mechanismen der virusinduzierten Leberpathogenese und Tumorentstehung
Authors: Glitscher Mirco , Hildt Eberhard , Bender Daniela 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Hepatitisviren B und C (HBV, HCV) sind weltweit die relevantesten viralen Auslöser einer chronischen Hepatitis (Leberentzündung). Derzeit leiden weltweit mehr als 250 Mio. Menschen an einer chronischen HBV-Infektion, jährlich versterben 0,8 Mio. an den Folgen. Von einer chronischen HCV-Infektion sind ca. 70 Mio. Menschen betroffen, es versterben ca. 1 Mio. im Jahr. Bisher steht nur für HBV eine zugelassene Impfung zur Verfügung. Chronische Infektionen mit HBV und HCV gehen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Leberfibrose, einer Leberzirrhose und eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) einher.Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt Mechanismen der HBV- und HCV-assoziierten Pathogenese. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Wechselwirkung der chronischen Infektion mit intrazellulären Signaltransduktionswegen, mit einzelnen Stoffwechselwegen, insbesondere dem Lipidmetabolismus, die Fibrose- und Zirrhoseentstehung im Laufe der chronischen Infektion sowie Mechanismen der virusinduzierten HCC-Entstehung.Trotz großer Fortschritte in der Charakterisierung der viralen Lebenszyklen und der Entwicklung robuster antiviraler Strategien bleiben Herausforderungen bestehen: u. a. die Gewinnung eines noch besseren Verständnisses der Mechanismen, die zur Entwicklung der virusassoziierten Pathogenese beitragen, sowie die Erforschung der Relevanz verschiedener Genotypen für Unterschiede in der Pathogenese.
Effect of chamfer width and chamfer angle on tool wear in slot milling
Authors: Tatar Kourosh , Svenningsson Inge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tool geometry is generally of great significance in metal cutting performance. The response surface method was used to optimize chamfer geometry to achieve reliable and minimum tool wear in slot milling. Models were developed for edge chipping, rake wear, and flank wear. The adequacy of the models was verified using analysis of variance at a 95% confidence level. Each response was optimized individually, and the multiple responses were optimized simultaneously using the desirability function approach. The Monte Carlo simulation method was applied to tolerance analysis. All milling tests were conducted at dry conditions; the chamfer width and the chamfer angle varied between 0.1 and 0.3 mm, and 10 and 30°, respectively. Optimal chamfer geometry for minimizing chipping and rake wear was small chamfer width and chamfer angle. The flank wear reached the minimum value for the tool with 0.18 mm chamfer width and 10° chamfer angle. The obtained composite model predicted good edge strength and minimum overall wear when the chamfer was 0.1 mm wide at a 10° angle. Thermal cracks were observed on the tools. They were small on the edges with the finest and least negative chamfer but were more significant on the more negative and greater chamfer. A great chamfer width and chamfer angle also resulted in insufficient chip evacuation. The results show how the edge geometry affects the tool’s reliability and wear and may help manufacturers minimize tool cost and downtime.
Another Record: Ocean Warming Continues through 2021 despite La Niña Conditions
Authors: Cheng Lijing , Abraham John , Trenberth Kevin E. , Fasullo John , Boyer Tim , Mann Michael E. , Zhu Jiang , Wang Fan , Locarnini Ricardo , Li Yuanlong , Zhang Bin , Tan Zhetao , Yu Fujiang , Wan Liying , Chen Xingrong , Song Xiangzhou , Liu Yulong , Reseghetti Franco , Simoncelli Simona , Gouretski Viktor , Chen Gengxin , Mishonov Alexey , Reagan Jim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities traps heat within the climate system and increases ocean heat content (OHC). Here, we provide the first analysis of recent OHC changes through 2021 from two international groups. The world ocean, in 2021, was the hottest ever recorded by humans, and the 2021 annual OHC value is even higher than last year’s record value by 14 ± 11 ZJ (1 zetta J = 1021 J) using the IAP/CAS dataset and by 16 ± 10 ZJ using NCEI/NOAA dataset. The long-term ocean warming is larger in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans than in other regions and is mainly attributed, via climate model simulations, to an increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The year-to-year variation of OHC is primarily tied to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the seven maritime domains of the Indian, Tropical Atlantic, North Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, North Pacific, Southern oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea, robust warming is observed but with distinct inter-annual to decadal variability. Four out of seven domains showed record-high heat content in 2021. The anomalous global and regional ocean warming established in this study should be incorporated into climate risk assessments, adaptation, and mitigation.
COVID-19 health policy evaluation: integrating health and economic perspectives with a data envelopment analysis approach
Authors: Klumpp Matthias , Loske Dominic , Bicciato Silvio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge to humankind. To improve the knowledge regarding relevant, efficient and effective COVID-19 measures in health policy, this paper applies a multi-criteria evaluation approach with population, health care, and economic datasets from 19 countries within the OECD. The comparative investigation was based on a Data Envelopment Analysis approach as an efficiency measurement method. Results indicate that on the one hand, factors like population size, population density, and country development stage, did not play a major role in successful pandemic management. On the other hand, pre-pandemic healthcare system policies were decisive. Healthcare systems with a primary care orientation and a high proportion of primary care doctors compared to specialists were found to be more efficient than systems with a medium level of resources that were partly financed through public funding and characterized by a high level of access regulation. Roughly two weeks after the introduction of ad hoc measures, e.g., lockdowns and quarantine policies, we did not observe a direct impact on country-level healthcare efficiency, while delayed lockdowns led to significantly lower efficiency levels during the first COVID-19 wave in 2020. From an economic perspective, strategies without general lockdowns were identified as a more efficient strategy than the full lockdown strategy. Additionally, governmental support of short-term work is promising. Improving the efficiency of COVID-19 countermeasures is crucial in saving as many lives as possible with limited resources.
Photosystem II antenna modules CP43 and CP47 do not form a stable ‘no reaction centre complex’ in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Bečková Martina , Sobotka Roman , Komenda Josef 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe repair of photosystem II is a key mechanism that keeps the light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis functional. During this process, the PSII central subunit D1 is replaced with a newly synthesized copy while the neighbouring CP43 antenna with adjacent small subunits (CP43 module) is transiently detached. When the D2 protein is also damaged, it is degraded together with D1 leaving both the CP43 module and the second PSII antenna module CP47 unassembled. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the released CP43 and CP47 modules have been recently suggested to form a so-called no reaction centre complex (NRC). However, the data supporting the presence of NRC can also be interpreted as a co-migration of CP43 and CP47 modules during electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation without forming a mutual complex. To address the existence of NRC, we analysed Synechocystis PSII mutants accumulating one or both unassembled antenna modules as well as Synechocystis wild-type cells stressed with high light. The obtained results were not compatible with the existence of a stable NRC since each unassembled module was present as a separate protein complex with a mutually similar electrophoretic mobility regardless of the presence of the second module. The non-existence of NRC was further supported by isolation of the His-tagged CP43 and CP47 modules from strains lacking either D1 or D2 and their migration patterns on native gels.
Foliar Application of Fungicides Registered Against Late Blight Influences Main Potato Tuber Diseases and Key Quantitative Characteristics of Tubers
Authors: Sedlák Petr , Sedláková Vladimíra , Doležal Petr , Baštová Petra , Vašek Jakub , Hausvater Ervín 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdequate integrated management of potato leaf diseases can have an influence on pathogens which are challenging to control and cause main potato tuber diseases. Deriving from this hypothesis, an experiment was designed to evaluate the efficacy of foliar application of twelve fungicides on late blight in tubers, common scab, black scurf and silver scurf. In the period of 2013 to 2017, the fungicides were equally applied six times in registered doses during the growing seasons. Eight tuber disease indicators and eight yield characteristics were then evaluated in harvested tuber samples. Significant differences were found among the fungicides used. In comparison to the negative control (n. c.), the application of Infinito, Ranman Top and Revus Top reduced the quantity of tubers infected by late blight by 72% on average. The incidence of common scab increased by 65% of n. c. under the effect of copper oxychloride, while an average reduction by 19% of n. c. was observed with the use of Acrobat MZ WG, Curzate Gold and Consento. The occurrence of silver scurf was significantly enhanced by Curzate Gold and Consento (105% of n. c.), while it was suppressed by Revus Top and Revus (85% of n. c.). All fungicides were ineffective on black scurf yet had a positive influence on the potato yield and quality, with the choice of fungicide having a great impact on the quality of tubers. The application of any safe fungicide is important, especially in years similar to 2015, which was the most devastating recent year for potato production in terms of structural changes in yield of tubers.
EEG–EMG coupling as a hybrid method for steering detection in car driving settings
Authors: Vecchiato Giovanni , Del Vecchio Maria , Ambeck-Madsen Jonas , Ascari Luca , Avanzini Pietro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding mental processes in complex human behavior is a key issue in driving, representing a milestone for developing user-centered assistive driving devices. Here, we propose a hybrid method based on electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) signatures to distinguish left and right steering in driving scenarios. Twenty-four participants took part in the experiment consisting of recordings of 128-channel EEG and EMG activity from deltoids and forearm extensors in non-ecological and ecological steering tasks. Specifically, we identified the EEG mu rhythm modulation correlates with motor preparation of self-paced steering actions in the non-ecological task, while the concurrent EMG activity of the left (right) deltoids correlates with right (left) steering. Consequently, we exploited the mu rhythm de-synchronization resulting from the non-ecological task to detect the steering side using cross-correlation analysis with the ecological EMG signals. Results returned significant cross-correlation values showing the coupling between the non-ecological EEG feature and the muscular activity collected in ecological driving conditions. Moreover, such cross-correlation patterns discriminate the steering side earlier relative to the single EMG signal. This hybrid system overcomes the limitation of the EEG signals collected in ecological settings such as low reliability, accuracy, and adaptability, thus adding to the EMG the characteristic predictive power of the cerebral data. These results prove how it is possible to complement different physiological signals to control the level of assistance needed by the driver.
Nexus approach and environmental resource governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Owusu Raphael , Balgah Roland Azibo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is replete with significant environmental resources including forests, water, land, and energy; although its transition to a bio-resource economy is yet to be actualized. Consequently, there are limited socio-economic gains from resource valorization. These challenges which stall progress towards the attainment of several interlinked sustainable development goals, are rooted, among others in resource governance defects. Furthermore, the persistence of knowledge fragmentation on resource governance shades possibilities for an in-depth theorizing of the nexus approach. In this light, two questions beg for answers: (i) To what extent are governance indicators captured in empirical studies on the nexus approach in SSA? (ii) What questions and approaches should inform future research on the nexus approach in SSA? To answer these questions, this paper systematically reviews 100 peer-reviewed articles (with 154 cases) that address governance questions in nexus studies within the broad framework of bioeconomy transitioning in SSA. Using the PROFOR analytical framework, our analysis reveals the following: (1) Although sub-regional variations exist in the application of nexus thinking, the overall emphasis in SSA is on first-level resource transformation. (2) With only 5% of studies explicitly mentioning the nexus approach, there is a strong indication for nexus thinking to be prioritized in future research. (3) While efficiency is the most recurrent in the literature (69%), its assurance in resource nexus and transformation is insignificant. (4) Interlinked questions of equity, participation, transparency, and conflict management have not been sufficiently addressed in studies on the nexus approach. The paper suggests an urgent need for in-depth, multi-country, and interdisciplinary research on these governance parameters in the nexus approach, as prerequisite to advancing the science–policy intercourse in nexus thinking in SSA.
piRNA/PIWI Protein Complex as a Potential Biomarker in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Abdelhamid Rehab F. , Ogawa Kotaro , Beck Goichi , Ikenaka Kensuke , Takeuchi Eriko , Yasumizu Yoshiaki , Jinno Jyunki , Kimura Yasuyoshi , Baba Kousuke , Nagai Yoshitaka , Okada Yukinori , Saito Yuko , Murayama Shigeo , Mochizuki Hideki , Nagano Seiichi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The pathological hallmark of the majority of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases is the mislocalization and aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), an RNA-binding protein. Several studies have attributed disease processes of ALS to abnormal RNA metabolism. However, dysregulated biogenesis of RNA, especially non-coding RNA (ncRNA), is poorly understood. To resolve it, RNA-Seq, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the pyramidal tract of the medulla oblongata of sporadic ALS (sALS) and control postmortem brain samples. Here, we report perturbation of ncRNA biogenesis in PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) in several sALS brain samples associated with TDP-43 pathology. In addition, we confirmed the dysregulation of two PIWI homologs, PIWI-like-mediated gene silencing 1 (PIWIL1) and PIWIL4, which bind to piRNAs to regulate their expression. PIWIL1 was mislocalized and co-localized with TDP-43 in motor neurons of sporadic ALS lumbar cords. Our results imply that dysregulation of piRNA, PIWIL1, and PIWIL4 is linked to pathogenesis of ALS. Based on these results, piRNAs and PIWI proteins are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of ALS.
The ridge-to-reef approach on Cicia Island, Fiji
Authors: Fache Elodie , Pauwels Simonne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany Pacific countries and territories embrace an officially recognized ‘ridge-to-reef’ approach to environmental management. This is the case of Fiji, where the Lau Seascape Strategy 2018–2030, led by Conservation International, aims for integrated natural resource management across 335 895 km2. This area includes Cicia Island, which deserves particular attention since, years before the design of the Lau Seascape Strategy, its population developed its own informal ridge-to-reef scheme, involving a combination of certified organic agriculture and locally managed marine closures. Based on 1 month of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper presents this scheme and highlights local perception and conceptualization of its positive effects on both the land and the sea. These reflect the iTaukei (Indigenous Fijian) concept of vanua, which intrinsically connects the health of the land, the sea, and their (human and non-human) dwellers, while stressing the importance of addressing land-sea processes and management efforts beyond an ecological perspective, i.e. through an engagement with the iTaukei relational ontology.