bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More than advocates: Lawyers' role in efficient refugee status determination
Authors: Fraser Nicholas A. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor years, Canadian refugee status determination (RSD) procedures have faced significant administrative capacity issues. Arguing that the RSD system was attracting “unfounded” claims and becoming inefficient, the Harper government pursued rights‐restrictive reforms. Is there a connection between applicants' procedural rights and the efficiency of Canadian RSD? This article outlines and empirically tests arguments for and against restricting refugee applicants' procedural rights to enhance efficiency. Examining macro‐level trends in applications and micro‐level adjudicator‐specific routines, it presents evidence against the notion that rights‐restrictive measures save adjudicators time. The article also shows that procedural rights can foster efficient RSD practices when applicants and adjudicators have access to competent legal counsel.
Effect of personality traits on socioeconomic inequalities in health, a population‐based study
Authors: Zakershahrak Mehrsa , Brennan David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the effects of positive personality traits (PTs) in income and self‐rated dental and general health (SRDH and SRGH) associations in a large South Australian sample.MethodsCross‐sectional analyses were conducted using self‐reported data collected from 3578 adults (2015–2016). Multivariable regression models assessed the main effects and interactions of the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and income with SRDH and SRGH. Prevalence ratios (PR) of poor health ratings were estimated using Poisson regression.ResultsAmong all respondents, high‐income individuals with stronger Conscientiousness scores had the lowest prevalence of poor SRGH (0.8%), while those with stronger Extraversion (2.9%) and Agreeableness scores (3.4%) had the lowest prevalence of poor SRDH. Poor SRGH was related to weak Conscientiousness (PR = 6.9, 95% CI [2.3–20.8]) and Emotional Stability scores (PR = 6.0, 95% CI [2.0–18.3]), while poor SRDH was associated with weak Extraversion (PR = 2.3, 95% CI [1.2–4.5]), Agreeableness (PR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.0–3.2]) and Conscientiousness scores (PR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.1–4.0]). Among low‐income people, poor health ratings were less prevalent in those with stronger positive PTs scores versus weaker scores. Among low‐income respondents, poor SRGH was lower in individuals with stronger versus weaker Conscientiousness scores (10.9% vs 16.2%), and poor SRDH showed lower prevalence in participants with stronger versus weaker Agreeableness scores (18.1% vs 22.6%).ConclusionFindings showed the association between PTs and the prevalence of poor SRDH and SRGH. Stronger positive PTs modified the self‐rated health inequalities associated with low income in a representative sample of the South Australian population.
Differentiable Depth for Real2Sim Calibration of Soft Body Simulations
Authors: Arnavaz K. , Nielsen M. Kragballe , Kry P. G. , Macklin M. , Erleben K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we present a novel approach for calibrating material model parameters for soft body simulations using real data. We use a fully differentiable pipeline, combining a differentiable soft body simulator and differentiable depth rendering, which permits fast gradient‐based optimizations. Our method requires no data pre‐processing, and minimal experimental set‐up, as we directly minimize the L2‐norm between raw LIDAR scans and rendered simulation states. In essence, we provide the first marker‐free approach for calibrating a soft‐body simulator to match observed real‐world deformations. Our approach is inexpensive as it solely requires a consumer‐level LIDAR sensor compared to acquiring a professional marker‐based motion capture system. We investigate the effects of different material parameterizations and evaluate convergence for parameter optimization in both single and multi‐material scenarios of varying complexity. Finally, we show that our set‐up can be extended to optimize for dynamic behaviour as well.
Bear in a Window: Australian children's perspectives on lockdown and experiences of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kelly Barbara F. , Diskin‐Holdaway Chloé 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the reflections of a cohort of Australian children who lived through the 2020–21 COVID‐19 pandemic and experienced being in ‘lockdown’; a state of largely being confined to the home for long periods daily. We report how children reflect on their experiences and illustrate how reflections draw on similar topics focused on localised child concerns regarding health, education, family, digital engagement, mealtimes and food. Further, we argue for the importance of including children's own voices of lived experience in reports regarding life during the pandemic since these perspectives may differ from those reported by adults on children's behalf.
White matter integrity mediates the associations between white matter hyperintensities and cognitive function in patients with silent cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Chen Jing , Ge Anyan , Zhou Ying , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhong Shaoping , Chen Caizhong , Shi Weibin , Ding Jing , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationships between cognitive function and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) in patients with silent cerebrovascular disease and to investigate whether white matter integrity or brain atrophy play a role in this association.MethodsAutomated Fiber Quantification and Voxel‐ based morphometry were used to track and identify the integrity of 20 well‐defined white matter tracts and to measure the gray matter volume (GMV). A linear regression model was applied for examining the associations between cognitive function and WMHV and mediation analysis was used to identify the roles of white matter integrity or GMV in the influence of WMHV on cognitive function.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐six individuals were included for analysis. Executive function was linearly associated with fractional anisotropy (FA) of the right interior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF) (β = 0.193; 95% CI, 0.126 to 1.218) and with WMHV (β = −0.188; 95% CI, −0.372 to −0.037). Information processing speed was linearly associated with WMHV (β = −0.357; 95% CI, −0.643 to −0.245), FA of the right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) (β = 0.207; 95% CI, 0.116 to 0.920), and FA of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) (β = 0.177; 95% CI, 0.103 to 1.315). The relationship between WMHV and executive function was mediated by FA of the right IFOF (effect size = −0.045, 95% CI, −0.015 to −0.092). Parallel mediation analysis showed that the association between WMHV and information processing speed was mediated by FA of the right ATR (effect size = −0.099, 95% CI, −0.198 to −0.038) and FA of the left SLF (effect size = −0.038, 95% CI, −0.080 to −0.003).ConclusionThese findings suggest a mechanism by which WMH affects executive function and information processing speed by impairing white matter integrity. This may be helpful in providing a theoretical basis for rehabilitation strategies of cognitive function in patients with silent cerebrovascular diseases.
Neurocognitive outcomes at age 5 years after prophylactic hydrocortisone in infants born extremely preterm
Authors: Trousson Clémence , Toumazi Artemis , Bourmaud Aurélie , Biran Valérie , Baud Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the 5‐year neurocognitive outcomes of children born extremely preterm exposed to prophylactic hydrocortisone to improve survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.MethodThis was a prespecified secondary analysis of the PREMILOC clinical trial (trial registration: EudraCT no. 2007–002041‐20, NCT00623740). The primary outcome was full‐scale IQ based on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.ResultsAmong 109 surviving children recruited at the Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, outcome data were available for 42 out of 56 infants (75%) in the group treated with hydrocortisone and 41 out of 53 (77%) in the placebo group. Mean scores were not significantly different between the two groups on full‐scale IQ (hydrocortisone: 91.9 [SD = 13.9], placebo: 86.3 [SD = 15.4]; mean difference = 5.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.0 to 12.3, p = 0.10); however, working memory and retention ability were significantly better in the group treated with hydrocortisone. In a multivariate logistic regression including potential confounding variables, hydrocortisone treatment was significantly associated with a greater chance to survive at 5 years of age with a full‐scale IQ equal to or greater than 90 compared to placebo (adjusted odds ratio = 4.26, 95% CI = 1.47–12.36, p = 0.008).InterpretationThis exploratory analysis provides reassuring data regarding the long‐term neurodevelopmental safety of prophylactic hydrocortisone in infants born extremely preterm.
Trade secrets protection and stock price crash risk
Authors: Hu Dan , Lee Eunju , Li Bingxin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper provides evidence that the trade secrets protection increases stock price crash risk. Using a quasi‐experimental setting with the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), we find that firms headquartered in states adopting the UTSA tend to have higher stock price crash risk. The results are robust to controlling for other trade secrets laws and the choice of crash risk measures, and they are more pronounced in small firms and firms with high market‐to‐book and low leverage ratios. A detailed mechanism analysis reveals that increased crash risk following the UTSA is attributed to an opaque information environment and investment inefficiency.
Exploratory investigation of a patient‐informed low‐dose psilocybin pulse regimen in the suppression of cluster headache: Results from a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Schindler Emmanuelle A. D. , Sewell R. Andrew , Gottschalk Christopher H. , Luddy Christina , Flynn L. Taylor , Zhu Yutong , Lindsey Hayley , Pittman Brian P. , Cozzi Nicholas V. , D'Souza Deepak C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveUsing a patient‐informed regimen, we conducted an exploratory randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to systematically investigate the effects of psilocybin in cluster headache.BackgroundSustained reductions in cluster headache burden after limited quantities of psilocybin‐containing mushrooms are anecdotally reported, although to date there are no controlled studies investigating these effects.MethodsParticipants were randomized to receive psilocybin (0.143 mg/kg) or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) in a pulse of three doses, each ~5 days apart. Participants maintained headache diaries starting 2 weeks before and continuing through 8 weeks after the first drug session. A total of 16 participants were randomized to receive experimental drug and 14 were included in the final analysis.ResultsIn the 3 weeks after the start of the pulse regimen, the change in cluster attack frequency was 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.6 to 2.6) attacks/week with placebo (baseline 8.9 [95% CI 3.8 to 14.0]) and −3.2 (95% CI −8.3 to 1.9) attacks/week with psilocybin (baseline 9.6 [95% CI 5.6 to 13.6]; p = 0.251). Group difference in change from baseline had a moderate effect size (d = 0.69). The effect size was small in episodic participants (d = 0.35) but large in chronic participants (d = 1.25), which remained over the entire 8‐week period measured (d = 0.81). Changes in cluster attack frequency were not correlated with the intensity of acute psychotropic effects during psilocybin administration. Psilocybin was well‐tolerated without any unexpected or serious adverse events.ConclusionsFindings from this initial, exploratory study provide valuable information for the development of larger, more definitive studies. Efficacy outcomes were negative, owing in part to the small number of participants. The separation of acute psychotropic effects and lasting therapeutic effects underscores the need for further investigation into the mechanism(s) of action of psilocybin in headache disorders.
Integrating Patient‐reported Experience (PRE) in a multistage approach to study access to health services for women with chronic illness and migration experience
Authors: Abel Thomas , Tadesse Lidya , Frahsa Annika , Sakarya Sibel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported Experience (PRE) is an emerging concept integrating patient perspectives and amplifying voices often marginalized in discussions surrounding health systems. However, it remains a challenge to use and integrate PREs when studying patient agency and access to quality services, particularly with data from multiple sources. In this article, using study materials from the Swiss MIWOCA project, we present and reflect upon a multistage PRE approach to study healthcare access.MethodsThe MIWOCA project, a study on healthcare access and quality among immigrant women with chronic illnesses living in Switzerland, provided data from multiple sources for the integration of PRE data. These sources included interviews with women (n = 48), two focus group discussions with women (n = 15), interviews with service providers (n = 12) and observations from stakeholder dialogues (n = 3). In addition, we utilized field notes, focus group illustration maps, patient vignettes and policy briefs to develop a multistage data linking model. PRE data served as starting themes and reference topics in each of the interlinked stages of knowledge production.ResultsDeploying PREs, we coherently linked the data from preceding stages and used them to inform subsequent stages. This, in turn, enabled us to identify, reflect and rectify factors limiting immigrant women's agency and access to quality services. Ultimately, the approach engaged patients as knowledge co‐producers for system‐level changes. This knowledge was transformed into a set of practice recommendations and a policy brief addressing ways to improve health systems to better serve immigrant women in Switzerland.ConclusionsBuilding on PREs to systematically combine multiple data sources and engage patients continuously can improve our understanding of barriers in health systems. Beyond individual patient‐doctor encounters, a multistage PRE approach can identify structural problems and provide clues for resolving them at the systems level. The PREs approach presented may serve as an example and encourage more public health experts to consider PREs in future research and practice.Patient and Public ContributionWomen with chronic illness and immigration experience contributed to interview‐guideline development, provided PREs in interviews, identified priority areas for health‐service change and actively participated in the development of practice recommendations.
What are the reasons for unfinished nursing care as perceived by hospitalized patients? Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Chiappinotto Stefania , Coppe Alberto , Palese Alvisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionUnfinished nursing care (UNC), as the care required by patients that delayed or not delivered, has been investigated mainly from the perspective of nurses, while little is still known from the side of patients. Some studies have involved patients to measure which elements of care are mostly unfinished (e.g., mouth care), whereas a few studies have investigated the reasons for UNC as perceived by them. Their involvement in understanding the reasons for UNC is crucial to advance the knowledge and co‐develop possible strategies to prevent or minimize UNC.MethodsThis is a descriptive qualitative study performed according to COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research guidelines in 2022. A purposeful sample of Italian hospitalized patients in two medical and two surgical units was involved. A face‐to‐face semistructured interview was used to merge reasons for UNC. Qualitative content analysis was conducted to merge subthemes and themes as factors leading to UNC according to the experience of patients.ResultsA total of 23 patients (12 surgical and 11 medical) were involved (12/23 male) with an age average of 66.2 years, educated mainly at secondary school, and with previous hospitalizations (20/23), and dependent on nursing care in daily activities (14/23). Reasons for UNC have been identified at four levels: (1) ‘New health‐care system priorities’ and ‘Pre‐existing frailty of health‐care facilities’ were reasons identified at the health‐care system level; (2) ‘Lack of resources attributed to wards’, ‘Ineffective ward organization’ and ‘Leadership’ were identified at the unit level; (3) ‘Nurses' attitudes and behaviour’ were reported at the nurses' level and (4) ‘Increased nursing care expectations’ were pinpointed at the patient level.ConclusionPatients can be involved in identifying UNC, but also in recognizing the underlying reasons. Engaging them in such investigations might broaden our understanding of the phenomenon and the possibility of identifying strategies to minimize and prevent UNC.Patient or Public ContributionPatients from four hospital units (two medical and two surgical) were involved in face‐to‐face interviews to merge the reasons perceived by them as triggering UNC. All factors (as themes and subthemes) have derived from their words, thus enhancing the evidence available from the side of the patients.
A novel fluorescent probe based on white pitaya peel‐derived carbon dots for highly selective and sensitive determination of sulfaquinoxaline in food
Authors: Zhang Lei , Peng Yan , Zhou Yue , Wu Yan , Le Tao 
Published: November 2022

SummaryA fluorescent probe based on carbon dots (CDs) for the detection of sulfoquinoxaline (SQX) in food was studied. White pitaya peel‐derived carbon dots (WCDs) were synthesised by hydrothermal method. The obtained WCDs exhibit excellent fluorescence response towards SQX due to the inner filter effect (IFE) and aggregation‐caused quenching(ACQ), which cause the fluorescence to be quenched. The prepared fluorescent probe has a good linear relationship, and the detection limit of SQX is 24.5 μg L−1. The practicability of the fluorescent probe was further validated in milk, honey, eggs, carp, pork, chicken, beef and pork liver, and the recoveries of SQX range from 93.38% to 103.86%. The fluorescent probe based on WCDs has high selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, reliability and good reproducibility for the detection of SQX.
Private companies' engagement in the labour market integration of refugees: An exploratory study of the city of Stuttgart, Germany
Authors: Torfa Masooma , Bosch Christine , Birner Regina , Schammann Hannes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrivate companies of all sizes may engage in the integration of refugees into the labour market. Taking the case study of the highly industrialised German city of Stuttgart, this study explores the motivation of (a) private large‐scale international enterprises including (automotive and high‐tech companies) and (b) family‐owned small‐ to medium‐sized companies (private social enterprises, suppliers to the automotive industries, architecture, and engineering companies) to do so. The research further explores the companies' challenges, opportunities and the lessons learned throughout the process. Utilising the principles of Grounded Theory, a qualitative case study approach is applied with in‐depth interviews with private companies, civil society, public private partnerships and experts. The findings show that the arrival of a large number of refugees during 2015/2016 has increased the engagement of the companies, increased their cooperation with other sectors, and has correspondingly led to some innovative initiatives in refugees' labour market integration and policy advocacy. The call for the engagement of the private sector and the existence of employment‐related policies such as tolerated work permits (Ausbildungsduldung/Beschäftigungsduldung) were essential to create sufficient incentives for private companies to engage in the training and employment of refugees. However, the insecure residence permits and bureaucratic procedures in the public sector mostly discouraged their engagement. Our research shows that the two company types had different possibilities, different approaches towards refugees and faced different challenges while engaging in refugee labour market integration.
The identification of clusters of risk factors and their association with hospitalizations or emergency department visits in home health care
Authors: Song Jiyoun , Chae Sena , Bowles Kathryn H. , McDonald Margaret V. , Barrón Yolanda , Cato Kenrick , Rossetti Sarah Collins , Hobensack Mollie , Sridharan Sridevi , Evans Lauren , Davoudi Anahita , Topaz Maxim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify clusters of risk factors in home health care and determine if the clusters are associated with hospitalizations or emergency department visits.DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsThis study included 61,454 patients pertaining to 79,079 episodes receiving home health care between 2015 and 2017 from one of the largest home health care organizations in the United States. Potential risk factors were extracted from structured data and unstructured clinical notes analysed by natural language processing. A K‐means cluster analysis was conducted. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to identify the association between clusters and hospitalizations or emergency department visits during home health care.ResultsA total of 11.6% of home health episodes resulted in hospitalizations or emergency department visits. Risk factors formed three clusters. Cluster 1 is characterized by a combination of risk factors related to “impaired physical comfort with pain,” defined as situations where patients may experience increased pain. Cluster 2 is characterized by “high comorbidity burden” defined as multiple comorbidities or other risks for hospitalization (e.g., prior falls). Cluster 3 is characterized by “impaired cognitive/psychological and skin integrity” including dementia or skin ulcer. Compared to Cluster 1, the risk of hospitalizations or emergency department visits increased by 1.95 times for Cluster 2 and by 2.12 times for Cluster 3 (all p < .001).ConclusionRisk factors were clustered into three types describing distinct characteristics for hospitalizations or emergency department visits. Different combinations of risk factors affected the likelihood of these negative outcomes.ImpactCluster‐based risk prediction models could be integrated into early warning systems to identify patients at risk for hospitalizations or emergency department visits leading to more timely, patient‐centred care, ultimately preventing these events.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no involvement of patients in developing the research question, determining the outcome measures, or implementing the study.