bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Opioid Usage and Predictors of Utilization Following Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Birkenbeuel Jack L. , Kovacs Alexander J. , Abiri Arash , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Lehrich Brandon M. , Golshani Kiarash , Chen Jefferson W. , Cadena Gilbert , Hsu Frank P.K. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePain control is an important topic that has not been extensively studied in patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS). The purpose of this study is to identify opioid requirements after ESBS and the risk factors predictive of increased use.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of all patients undergoing ESBS at a tertiary academic skull base surgery program between July 2018 and August 2020. The primary outcome variable was total morphine equivalent dose (MED) requirements after surgery, calculated as the sum of all morphine milligram equivalents over a 24‐h period, and summated across the duration of each participant's hospital course.Results94 patients were included in this review. Average daily MED requirements were 14.00 ± 6.79 mg. Average total MED requirements were 83.78 ± 92.99 mg during hospitalization. Average length of stay (LOS) was 5.71 ± 4.42 days, with 22 (23.4%) patients not requiring opioid use upon discharge. On multivariate analysis, female sex (β = 49.62; 95% CI [13.53, 85.71], p = 0.008), nasoseptal flap (NSF) reconstruction (β = 49.56; 95% CI [13.51, 85.61], p = 0.008) and LOS (β = 4.02; 95% CI [0.001, 8.04], p = 0.050) were independently associated with higher total MED requirements.ConclusionsWe report average total MED requirements of 83.78 mg after ESBS, with female sex, intraoperative use of an NSF, and increased LOS as predictors of higher MED use. This data indicates a subset of patients who may benefit from more aggressive pain control strategies upfront, including consideration of non‐opioid, multimodal pain regimens.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1939–1945, 2022
Effects of Cortical Stimulation on Feedback‐Dependent Vocal Control in Non‐Human Primates
Authors: Eliades Steven J. , Tsunada Joji 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesHearing plays an important role in our ability to control voice, and perturbations in auditory feedback result in compensatory changes in vocal production. The auditory cortex (AC) has been proposed as an important mediator of this behavior, but causal evidence is lacking. We tested this in an animal model, hypothesizing that AC is necessary for vocal self‐monitoring and feedback‐dependent control, and that altering activity in AC during vocalization will interfere with vocal control.MethodsWe implanted two marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) with bilateral AC electrode arrays. Acoustic signals were recorded from vocalizing marmosets while altering vocal feedback or electrically stimulating AC during random subsets of vocalizations. Feedback was altered by real‐time frequency shifts and presented through headphones and electrical stimulation delivered to individual electrodes. We analyzed recordings to measure changes in vocal acoustics during shifted feedback and stimulation, and to determine their interaction. Results were correlated with the location and frequency tuning of stimulation sites.ResultsConsistent with previous results, we found electrical stimulation alone evoked changes in vocal production. Results were stronger in the right hemisphere, but decreased with lower currents or repeated stimulation. Simultaneous stimulation and shifted feedback significantly altered vocal control for a subset of sites, decreasing feedback compensation at some and increasing it at others. Inhibited compensation was more likely at sites closer to vocal frequencies.ConclusionsResults provide causal evidence that the AC is involved in feedback‐dependent vocal control, and that it is sufficient and may also be necessary to drive changes in vocal production.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:1–10, 2023
Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in chronic hepatitis C patients according to sustained virological response (SVR) with interferon‐based therapies and baseline characteristics
Authors: Purevsambuu Tuul , Bota Simona , Hucke Florian , Hofer Harald , Ferenci Peter , Sieghart Wolfgang , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide with increasing incidence. Effective antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) became available in the last 7 years but despite the WHO Hepatitis elimination targets, they are not universally available today in all regions for all the patients, indicating still a bleak outlook for CHC‐associated HCC in the next decades.AimTo assess the HCC incidence in relation to interferon (IFN)‐based antiviral treatment response and baseline characteristics of a large cohort of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients from a single institution.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of CHC patients, who were diagnosed between 1989 and 2011 and treated at the AKH‐University Hospital of Vienna before the introduction of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) only therapy. We analysed the HCC incidence in patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and without SVR according to the patients' baseline characteristics.ResultsOur study included 2134 patients, who were treated or not treated with IFN‐based antiviral treatment and had long‐term follow‐up available. The overall HCC incidence in this cohort was 6.2% (132 HCC cases over a median follow‐up period of 9 years). According to the baseline fibrosis stage, the overall HCC incidence was: 1.1% in patients with baseline fibrosis stage F0‐2, 8.2% in F3 and 20.6% in F4 patients. The HCC incidence was significantly higher in non‐SVR and no‐treatment group as compared with SVR patients: 12.4% vs 1.9%, P < .0001, 7.3% vs 1.9%, P < .0001. In multivariate analysis, lower platelet count (odds ratio‐OR = ‐0.1, 95% CI: 0.15‐0.63), for the SVR group and presence of cirrhosis (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.59‐8.17), ALBI grade >=2 (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0‐5.3) for the non‐SVR group were independently associated with HCC occurrence. For the group of patients with no treatment, the only predictor for HCC was high baseline alpha‐fetoprotein values (OR = 10.2, 95% CI: 2.2‐47.9).ConclusionThe achievement of SVR significantly reduces the risk for HCC occurrence during long‐term follow‐up. However, the risk remains high in successfully treated patients with low platelet count and in patients who did not achieve SVR with more advanced liver disease. These risk factors should be considered in decision‐making of HCC surveillance in this settling.
Environmental factors driving evapotranspiration over a grassland in a transitional climate zone in China
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Hongli , Yue Ping , Li Hongyu , Wang Juanli , Zhao Funian , Wang Yong , Wang Jianshun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe surface evapotranspiration (ET) process is the key link in the interaction between land and atmosphere. However, the influence of different environmental factors on ET over transitional climate zones and the physical pattern of the interaction between multiple factors remain unclear. Therefore, based on the continuous observation data during the vegetation growing season of a typical grassland in the Semi‐Arid Climate and Environment Observation of Lanzhou University (SACOL) station from 2007 to 2012, the influence pattern of multiple environmental factors on ET over China's transitional climate zone was analysed. Each environmental factor exhibited significant seasonal and interannual variations. The mean value of ET was 1.67 mm day−1. Although the maximum values of sensible heat flux and vapour pressure deficit occurred in April and June, respectively, the maximum values of other environmental factors appeared from July to August. Net radiation, soil moisture, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were the main controlling factors of ET over the grassland, with correlation coefficients of 0.54, 0.52, and 0.46, respectively. The analysis of multiple environmental factors showed that when soil moisture, wind speed, net radiation, and NDVI reached 0.2 m3 m−3, 2 m s−1, 100 W m−2, and 0.2, respectively, ET varied in contrast with vapour pressure, vapour pressure deficit, and air temperature under the influences of weather processes, land–atmosphere coupling, and drought stress. These findings deepen our understanding of the role of ET in the land–atmosphere coupling process over the transitional climate zone in China.
Automated machine learning (AutoML)‐based surface registration methodology for image‐guided surgical navigation system
Authors: Yoo Hakje , Sim Taeyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the surface registration technique has the advantage of being relatively safe and the operation time is short, it generally has the disadvantage of low accuracy.PurposeThis research proposes automated machine learning (AutoML)‐based surface registration to improve the accuracy of image‐guided surgical navigation systems.MethodsThe state‐of‐the‐art surface registration concept is that first, using a neural network model, a new point‐cloud that matches the facial information acquired by a passive probe of an optical tracking system (OTS) is extracted from the facial information obtained by computerized tomography. Target registration error (TRE) representing the accuracy of surface registration is then calculated by applying the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm to the newly extracted point‐cloud and OTS information. In this process, the hyperparameters used in the neural network model and ICP algorithm are automatically optimized using Bayesian optimization with expected improvement to yield improved registration accuracy.ResultsUsing the proposed surface registration methodology, the average TRE for the targets located in the sinus space and nasal cavity of the soft phantoms is 0.939 ± 0.375 mm, which shows 57.8% improvement compared to the average TRE of 2.227 ± 0.193 mm calculated by the conventional surface registration method (p < 0.01). The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated, and the average TREs computed by the proposed methodology and the conventional method are 0.767 ± 0.132 and 2.615 ± 0.378 mm, respectively. Additionally, for one healthy adult, the clinical applicability of the AutoML‐based surface registration is also presented.ConclusionOur findings showed that the registration accuracy could be improved while maintaining the advantages of the surface registration technique.
Developing a toolkit to improve resident and family engagement in the safety of assisted living: Engage—A stakeholder‐engaged research protocol
Authors: Beeber Anna S. , Hoben Matthias , Leeman Jennifer , Palmertree Stephanie , Kistler Christine E. , Ottosen Terri , Moreton Elizabeth , Vogelsmeier Amy , Dardess Pam , Anderson Ruth A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAssisted living (AL) communities are experiencing rising levels of resident acuity, challenging efforts to balance person‐centered care—which prioritizes personhood, autonomy, and relationship‐based care practices—with efforts to keep residents safe. Safety is a broad‐scale problem in AL that encompasses care concerns (e.g., abuse/neglect, medication errors, inadequate staffing, and infection management) as well as resident issues (e.g., falls, elopement, and medical emergencies). Person and family engagement (PFE) is one approach to achieving a balance between person‐centered care and safety. In other settings, PFE interventions have improved patient care processes, outcomes, and experiences. In this paper, we describe the protocol for a multiple methods AHRQ‐funded study (Engage) to develop a toolkit for increasing resident and family engagement in AL safety. The study aims are to engage AL residents and family caregivers, AL staff, and other AL stakeholders to (1) identify common AL safety problems; (2) prioritize safety problems and identify and evaluate existing PFE interventions with the potential to address safety problems in the AL setting; and (3) develop a testable toolkit to improve PFE in AL safety. We discuss our methods, including qualitative interviews, a scoping review of existing PFE interventions, and stakeholder panel meetings that involved a Delphi priority‐setting exercise. In addition to describing the protocol, we detail how we modified the protocol to address the unique challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Study findings will result in a toolkit to improve resident and family engagement in the safety of AL that will be tested in future research.
Sheep (Ovis aries) of Venda speakers during the second millennium AD in South Africa
Authors: Badenhorst Shaw , Magoma Munyadziwa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLittle remains known about the physical size of local sheep from southern Africa during the distant past. Early Venda speakers settled in the region during the middle of the second millennium AD, and an early site associated with them, Mutokolwe B, yielded 11 complete metapodia of sheep. This is the largest find of this nature in the southern African region for farming communities. The fauna from Mutokolwe B dates to between AD 1450 and 1550. Measurements of archeological sheep bones can help tease apart questions of breed development and socio‐economic organization in the past. We used these metapodials to calculate the shoulder height of sheep. Sheep from Mutokolwe B ranged between 61.69 and 71.17 cm in shoulder size (average 66.28 cm), which is similar to other local sheep breeds such as the Nguni found in South Africa. In addition, the size of the sheep from Mutokolwe B falls within the variation of modern sheep found in southern and Eastern Africa.
Low‐velocity impact response and inspection of damage propagation for basalt fiber reinforced filament wound pipes
Authors: Demirci Mehmet T. , Şahin Ömer S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn many industrial applications, filament‐wound composite pipes are utilized to transmit the liquefied natural gas, chemical liquids, and waste hazardous liquids. This reveals the importance of the energy absorption capacity because the pipes in question are placed underground and occasionally exposed to impact loads. However, the high cost of carbon fibers and partially inadequate mechanical features of glass fibers have led to the search for alternative fibers. Some studies show that basalt fiber is likely to be an alternative and practical solution. In this study, it is purposed to define the low velocity impact (LVI) behaviors and damage development of basalt fiber reinforced (BFR)/Epoxy composite pipes with various winding angles. LVI tests were performed on the [±90°]6, [±75°]6, and [±55°/75°]6BFR pipes at energy levels of 15, 20, and 25 J. The impact responses of the composite samples were compared with respect to values of force, time, displacement and absorbed energy. In order to determine the dominant damage types and their progression, microscopic examinations were carried out by taking sections in the impact area in the radial and axial directions. It has been revealed in this study that it is significant to examine the dominant damage of filament‐winding composites, especially by taking cross‐sections from two axes. It was determined that there are damage changes in the layers where compressive and tensile stresses occur in the impact region. It has been observed that the winding angle has a great importance on the LVI responses and damages.
Dynamic response and failure mechanism characterization of composite‐metal sandwich structures under slamming impact utilizing CEL method
Authors: He Wentao , Xie Lingjun , Wang Shuqing , Cao Shihui , Wang Changzi , Yao Lu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSlamming is a complicated fluid–structure coupling process accompanied with complex transfer of load and energy, which may pose a significant risk to the overall safety of structure. This paper aims to evaluate the dynamic response and elucidate the failure mechanism of composite‐metal sandwich structures under slamming impact. Firstly, a reliable numerical simulation process is established based on CEL method in ABAQUS/Explicit combining with a VUMAT subroutine, whose effectiveness is verified through the comparison with published experimental results. Subsequently, dynamic response of the sandwich structures is investigated considering the influence of slamming velocity and material constituent. Meanwhile, damage evolution and critical failure mechanism are assessed through progressive damage analysis. Results show that CF‐Al‐CF case owns the best mechanical performance and the latest ultimate failure moment. The overall performance of sandwich structure is mainly dependent on the mechanical properties of skin. Additionally, damage of Al‐CF‐Al case is more sensitive to the variation of velocity compared with that of CF‐Al‐CF and Al‐Al‐Al cases, which indicates that the ductility of core is responsible for ultimate damage. Moreover, extensively distributed matrix tension damage can be identified as the critical damage mode, which may further cause debonding damage and even fiber fracture.
Orphan receptors in prostate cancer
Authors: Sakellakis Minas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of new cellular receptors has been increasing rapidly. A receptor is called “orphan” if an endogenous ligand has not been identified yet.MethodsHere we review receptors that contribute to prostate cancer and are considered orphan or partially orphan. This means that the full spectrum of their endogenous ligands remains unknown.ResultsThe orphan receptors are divided into two major families. The first group includes G protein‐coupled receptors. Most are orphan olfactory receptors. OR51E1 inhibits cell proliferation and induces senescence in prostate cancer. OR51E2 inhibits prostate cancer growth, but promotes invasiveness and metastasis. GPR158, GPR110, and GPCR‐X play significant roles in prostate cancer development and progression. However, GPR160 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.The other major subset of orphan receptors are nuclear receptors. Receptor‐related orphan receptor α (RORα) inhibits tumor growth, but RORγ stimulates androgen receptor signaling. PXR contributes to metabolic deactivation of androgens and inhibits cell proliferation. TLX has protumorigenic effects in prostate cancer, while its knockdown triggers cellular senescence and growth arrest. Estrogen‐related receptor ERRγ can inhibit tumor growth but ERRα is protumorigenic. Dax1 and short heterodimeric partner are also inhibitory in prostate cancer.ConclusionThere is a “zoo” of relatively underappreciated orphan receptors that play key roles in prostate cancer.
A review of fire mitigation methods for li‐ion battery energy storage system
Authors: Sebastian Roshan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion battery (LIB) carries an inherent risk of thermal runaway (TR), which may result in off‐gassing (flammable, toxic, or explosive), fires, and explosion. This article focuses on various fire protection approaches to mitigate LIB fires in a battery storage energy system (BESS). As BESS has its own unique battery chemistry, with different arrangements of battery modules and facility‐specific emergency response strategies, a case‐by‐case approach is vital to design fire protection for large‐scale LIB‐based BESS. This third article in a six‐part series is a review of fire mitigation methods for Li‐ion BESS.
Analysis of a compressive strength model for FRP‐confined damaged concrete columns based on the Drucker–Prager yield criterion
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xiong Xueyu , Mohamed Elobaid Musa Moneef , Lyu Xinrui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been widely used in repairing and strengthening of damaged concrete columns due to its excellent material properties. Most of the existing compressive strength models for FRP‐confined concrete columns have been established through regression analyses of experimental data, and only a few models were established based on theoretical derivation. Therefore, to extend these compressive strength models based on theoretical derivation, a new strength model based on the Drucker–Prager yield criterion was established in this article, which is suitable for predicting the strength of FRP‐confined circular and square concrete columns with load‐damaged, fire‐damaged and strain rate. To study the strength model of FRP‐confined concrete columns, the author collected 675 test data from published literature and built a large database containing cross‐section type, damage type, damage degree and strain rate. In this database, most of the existing strength models in the published literature and the model proposed in this article were evaluated. The evaluation results show that the model can accurately predict the compressive strength of FRP‐confined circular and square concrete columns with undamaged, load‐damaged, fire‐damaged and strain rate.
Adult plant leaf rust resistance QTL derived from wheat line CI13227 maps to chromosomes 2AL, 4BS, and 7AL
Authors: Kolmer James A. , Rouse Matthew N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CI13227 has been characterized as having adult plant resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks (Pt). Line CI13227 was crossed with the susceptible spring wheat ‘Thatcher’ (Tc) and a Tc*2/CI13227 F6 line with adult plant leaf rust resistance designated as 411A was derived. Line 411A was crossed with Tc to develop an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The parents and 120 F6 lines were assessed for leaf rust severity at the flag leaf stage in five field plot tests from 2011 through 2015 and were genotyped for single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with the Illumina iSelect 90K wheat bead array. A total of 2,384 SNP markers segregated among the RILs. Completely linked SNPs were removed, and 474 markers that covered 2,605 centimorgans (cM) were used for linkage map construction. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 2AL with logarithm of odds (LOD) values 2.34–7.88, on chromosome 4BS with LOD values 1.35– 4.66, and on chromosome 7AL with LOD values 2.92–7.81 were associated with significant reduction in leaf rust severity in the field plot tests. Recombinant inbred lines that had combinations of two or three of the QTL had significantly lower leaf rust severity than RILs that lacked any resistance QTL. Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers were developed for the SNPs that were closely linked with the three QTL to facilitate marker‐based selection of the leaf rust resistance in breeding programs.
Using the ACE-Bio Competencies Resource as a Course Planning Tool to Guide Students in Independent Research
Authors: Thomas Aeisha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUndergraduate students often only participate in parts of the scientific process in their different classes. In senior year research projects, however, for the first-time students may be required to navigate all of the steps involved. Pedagogical resources for this undertaking are of particular value. The focus of this chapter is on the use of The Basic Competencies of Biological Experimentation: Concept-Skill Statements, which cover the entire research process. This resource from the ACE-Bio Network was the main course planning tool for the research portion of a one-semester senior seminar course where students did an independent research project. The Basic Competencies of Biological Experimentation were indeed a useful pedagogical tool for this undertaking because they are field inclusive, exhaustive yet succinct and sequentially organized while acknowledging the non-linear nature of science. The use of this resource to set the research process topics and order and to design assignments is described. It is hoped that this case report will be helpful for instructors and research mentors who in a similar manner may want to give students both structure and the freedom to conduct a science research project proficiently.