bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal and social norms in responsible computer acquisition
Authors: Yeow Paul H.P. , Lee Yee Leng , Yuen Yee Yen 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of social and personal norms in the relationships between transcendent values (i.e. altruistic and biospheric) and responsible computer acquisition behaviour (RCAB). Previous studies suggested the role of norms in explaining the value–behaviour relationship. However, they did not provide sufficient evidence of the mediating roles of both personal and social norms.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire was employed to gather data from 571 consumers in Malaysia. The data were analysed using the structural equation modelling method.FindingsIt was found that personal and social norms partially mediate the relationship between altruistic values and RCAB. Social norms also partially mediate the relationship between altruistic values and personal norms. However, there was no significant relationship between biospheric values and RCAB; thus, the norms have no mediation roles.Practical implicationsIt provides policymakers and marketers insights into ways of encouraging pro-environmental behaviour such as RCAB.Originality/valueThis research provides empirical evidence of the mediating roles of personal and social norms in value–behaviour relationships in an emerging market context.
Who is calling the shot? Risk culture experiments on bi-level governments
Authors: Rosdini Dini , Afiah Nunuy Nur , Sari Prima Yusi , Fitrijanti Tettet , Ritchi Hamzah , Alfian Adhi 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore how risk culture – tone at the top (TATT) and informed risk decision (IRD) – can affect the effectiveness of risk management (EORM) in the government.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors experimented on 84 civil servants working in central and local governments in Indonesia, focusing on vital local governments and critical ministries/institutions in central governments.

Findings
TATT and its interaction with IRD do not affect the EORM, while IRD and socialization of risk affect and improve it. A weak TATT, low commitment and ineffective implementation of risk culture to the lower-middle echelon may impair a country’s risk management (RM) practice. IRD with socialization is also the key to improving decision-making and RM.

Originality/value
This paper illuminates the possibility of risk culture in regulating the EORM in the governmental general planning process using the experiment as the research method and provides different facets in the application of risk culture in the government, where the focus is on policy-making, budgeting and planning aspects by involving several important ministries, institutions and strategic local government’s civil servants.
Experimental comparison of fish mortality and injuries at innovative and conventional small hydropower plants
Authors: Mueller Melanie , Knott Josef , Pander Joachim , Geist Juergen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Resolving the controversy about hydropower is only possible based on reliable data on its ecological effects, particularly fish welfare.

Herein, we propose a comprehensive assessment of conventional and innovative hydropower using a dataset of 52,250 fish.

The effects of hydropower on fish were most harmful at sites with Kaplan turbines, showing ≤83% mortality. Innovative hydropower, often termed ‘fish‐friendly’, caused ≤64% mortality.

Our findings suggested that the runner peripheral speed, number of turbine blades and turbulence at turbine outlets were the most important factors.

Synthesis and applications. To reduce the impact of hydropower on fish, site‐specific characteristics such as head drop, bypass options and river‐specific species composition need to be more intensively considered in optimal turbine technologies and operation modes.
Biological flora of Britain and Ireland:Neottia nidus‐avis
Authors: Jersáková Jana , Minasiewicz Julita , Selosse Marc‐André 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis account provides information on all aspects of the biology ofNeottia nidus‐avis(L.) Rich. (Bird's‐nest Orchid) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, reproductive characteristics, herbivory, history and conservation.Neottia nidus‐avisis a native mycoheterotrophic orchid; it is found most frequently in the deep humus of densely shaded beech woodlands, on limestone or chalky soils in the British Isles. The species extends throughout temperate Eurasia.Neottia nidus‐avisis a perennial, mostly monocarpic herb with mixed mode of reproduction and many adaptations to autogamy. The perennating organ is a short rhizome; vegetative reproduction by rhizome branching or root‐sprouting is rather infrequent. Because of its achlorophyllous nature,N. nidus‐avisis entirely dependent on its mycorrhizal basidiomycetes from the family Sebacinaceae for nutrition.Plastid genome ofN. nidus‐avishas been reduced as a result of the relaxation of functional constraints on photosynthesis as in other mycoheterotrophic plants. Despite this, the plant has retained all enzymes to produce chlorophyll as well as some photoprotective metabolites, such as zeaxanthin and tocopherol, whose function in the mycoheterotrophic plant remains unresolved.The species flowers from May to June, depending on latitude and altitude. The flowers emit a sweet scent and produce little nectar. They may be pollinated by flies, crawling thrips and ants but self‐pollination is presumed to be the main mode of reproduction. Between 75% and 97% of open flowers set fruits.Neottia nidus‐avisis classified asVulnerablein Great Britain. The species is scattered throughout much of the British Isles, but it is very scarce except in southern England, where it is locally abundant. The main threats are deforestation, changes in woodland management and coniferization.
Inferring community assembly processes from functional seed trait variation along elevation gradient
Authors: Rosbakh Sergey , Chalmandrier Loïc , Phartyal Shyam , Poschlod Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Assembly of plant communities has long been scrutinized through the lens of trait‐based ecology. Studies generally analyse functional traits related to the vegetative growth, survival and resource acquisition and thus ignore how assembly rules may affect plants at other stages of their life cycle, particularly when seeds disperse, persist in soil and germinate.

Here, we analysed an extensive dataset of 16 traits for 167 species measured in‐situ in 36 grasslands located along an elevation gradient and studied the impact of abiotic filtering, biotic interactions and dispersal on traits reflecting different trait categories: plant vegetative growth, germination, dispersal and seed morphology. For each community, we quantified community‐weighted means (CWMs) and functional diversity (FD) for all traits and established their relationships to mean annual temperature.

The seed traits were weakly correlated with vegetative traits. Therefore, these traits constituted independent axes of plant phenotypical variation that could be affected differently by community assembly rules. Abiotic filtering impacted mostly vegetative traits and to a lesser extent seed germination and morphological traits. Increasing low‐temperature stress in upland sites selected for short‐stature, slow‐growing and frost‐tolerant species that produce small quantities of small seeds with high degree of dormancy, high temperature requirements for germination and low germination speed.

Biotic interactions, specifically competition in the lowlands and facilitation in uplands, also filtered some functional traits in the studied communities. The benign climate in lowlands seems to promote plant with competitive strategies that include fast growth and resource acquisition (vegetative growth traits) and early and fast germination (germination traits), whereas the effects of facilitation on the vegetative and germination traits were cancelled out by the strong abiotic filtering.

The changes in the main dispersal vector from zoochory to anemochory along the elevation gradient strongly affected the dispersal and the seed morphological trait structure of the communities. This may be explained by stronger vertical turbulence and moderate warm upwinds and low grazing intensity in the uplands that select for light and non‐round shaped seeds with lower terminal velocity and endozoochorous potential.

Synthesis. We demonstrate that, in addition to vegetative traits, seed traits can substantially contribute to functional structuring of plant communities along environmental gradients. Thus, the ‘hard’ seed traits related to germination and dispersal are critical to detect multiple, complex community assembly rules. Consequently, such traits should be included in core lists of plant traits and, when applicable, be incorporated into the analysis of community assembly.
Recent advances in biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and natural antioxidants for antibacterial and antioxidant food packaging applications
Authors: Vieira Italo Rennan Sousa , de Carvalho Anna Paula Azevedo de , Conte‐Junior Carlos Adam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and natural antioxidant compounds are an emerging trend in the food industry. Incorporating these substances in biobased and biodegradable matrices as polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, and chitosan) and proteins has highlighted the potential in active food packaging applications due to more significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, UV blocking, oxygen scavenging, water vapor permeability effects, and low environmental impact. In recent years, the migration of metal NPs and metal oxides in food contact packaging and their toxicological potential have raised concerns about the safety of the nanomaterials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the main biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, inorganic NPs, natural antioxidants, and their potential use in active food packaging. The intrinsic properties of NPs and natural antioxidant actives in packaging materials are evaluated to extend shelf‐life, safety, and food quality. Toxicological and safety aspects of inorganic NPs are highlighted to understand the current controversy on applying some nanomaterials in food packaging. The synergism of inorganic NPs and plant‐derived natural antioxidant actives (e.g., vitamins, polyphenols, and carotenoids) and essential oils (EOs) potentiated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of biodegradable nanocomposite films. Biodegradable packaging films based on green NPs—this is biosynthesized from plant extracts–showed suitable mechanical and barrier properties and had a lower environmental impact and offered efficient food protection. Furthermore, AgNPs and TiO2 NPs released metal ions from packaging into contents insufficiently to cause harm to human cells, which could be helpful to understanding critical gaps and provide progress in the packaging field.
Estimating Facility‐Level Monthly Water Consumption of Commercial, Industrial, Municipal, and Thermoelectric Users in Virginia
Authors: McCarthy Morgan , Brogan Connor , Shortridge Julie , Burgholzer Robert , Kleiner Joseph , Scott Durelle 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTUnderstanding water consumption is an important component of water management. However, water consumption data are limited and consumption coefficients do not account for variability through time and across users. This study combines federally maintained discharge data with state‐maintained withdrawal data at monthly time steps to estimate facility‐level and spatially aggregated water consumption in Virginia between 2010 and 2016. We evaluate (1) the feasibility of using discharge and withdrawal datasets to estimate sub‐annual water consumption, (2) how these consumption estimates vary depending on the level of spatial aggregation, and (3) what patterns of seasonality exist in consumption estimates. We find that a combined process of text matching and geospatial analysis is effective in matching facilities and yielding monthly time‐series of water consumption. Our results suggest that median consumption in industrial (17%) and commercial (19%) facilities may be higher than median consumption coefficients in the literature (10%). Consumption estimates also demonstrated more variability across facilities and seasons than aggregate coefficients in the literature suggest. Combining this approach with institutional knowledge can assist in quantifying issues such as inter‐basin transfers and infiltration that impact consumption estimates, ultimately allowing for more accurate accounts of water use and availability.
A comparison of design‐based and model‐based approaches for finite population spatial sampling and inference
Authors: Dumelle Michael , Higham Matt , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Olsen Anthony R. , Madsen Lisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe design‐based and model‐based approaches to frequentist statistical inference rest on fundamentally different foundations. In the design‐based approach, inference relies on random sampling. In the model‐based approach, inference relies on distributional assumptions. We compare the approaches in a finite population spatial context.We provide relevant background for the design‐based and model‐based approaches and then study their performance using simulated data and real data. The real data are from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's 2012 National Lakes Assessment. A variety of sample sizes, location layouts, dependence structures, and response types are considered. The population mean is the parameter of interest, and performance is measured using statistics like bias, squared error and interval coverage.When studying the simulated and real data, we found that regardless of the strength of spatial dependence in the data, the generalized random tessellation stratified (GRTS) algorithm, which explicitly incorporates spatial locations into sampling, tends to outperform the simple random sampling (SRS) algorithm, which does not explicitly incorporate spatial locations into sampling. We also found that model‐based inference tends to outperform design‐based inference, even for skewed data where the model‐based distributional assumptions are violated. The performance gap between design‐based inference and model‐based inference is small when GRTS samples are used but large when SRS samples are used, suggesting that the sampling choice (whether to use GRTS or SRS) is most important when performing design‐based inference.There are many benefits and drawbacks to the design‐based and model‐based approaches for finite population spatial sampling and inference that practitioners must consider when choosing between them. We provide relevant background contextualizing each approach and study their properties in a variety of scenarios, making recommendations for use based on the practitioner's goals.
A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy of multidisciplinary team and radiology reporting of preoperative colorectal cancer local staging
Authors: Bedrikovetski Sergei , Dudi‐Venkata Nagendra N. , Kroon Hidde M. , Traeger Luke H. , Seow Warren , Vather Ryash , Wilks Michael , Moore James W. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to correlate and assess diagnostic accuracy of preoperative staging at multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) against the original radiology reports and pathological staging in colorectal cancer patients.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at two institutions. Patients with histologically proven colorectal cancer and available preoperative imaging were included. Preoperative tumor and nodal staging (cT and cN) as determined by the MDT and the radiology report (computed tomography [CT] and/or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) were recorded. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between MDT and the radiology report for cN staging in colon cancer, cT and cN in rectal cancer, and tumor regression grade (TRG) in patients with rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy. Pathological report after surgery served as the reference standard for local staging, and AUROC curves were constructed to compare diagnostic accuracy of the MDT and radiology report.ResultsA total of 481 patients were included. Agreement between MDT and radiology report for cN stage was good in colon cancer (k = .756, Confidence Interval (CI) 95% .686–.826). Agreement for cT and cN and in rectal cancer was very good (kw = .825, CI 95% .758–.892) and good (kw = .792, CI 95% .709–.875), respectively. In the rectal cancer group that received neoadjuvant therapy, agreement on TRG was very good (kw = .919, CI 95% .846–.993). AUROC curves using pathological staging indicated no difference in diagnostic accuracy between MDT and radiology reports for either colon or rectal cancer.ConclusionPreoperative colorectal cancer local staging was consistent between specialist MDT review and original radiology reports, with no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy identified.
Pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a tropical country: Results of a multicenter study in Thailand
Authors: Rungrojjananon Nattapol , Pakakasama Samart , Winaichatsak Angkana , Siriwanawong Rapee , Rujkijyanont Piya , Traivaree Chanchai , Photia Apichat , Monsereenusorn Chalinee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life‐threatening condition caused by genetic mutation or various triggers disturbing the immune system.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study of pediatric patients with HLH receiving a diagnosis between January 2005 and December 2019 from three pediatric oncology centers was conducted to explore the clinical characteristics and determine prognostic factors associated with outcomes among Thai children.ResultsIn all, 78 patients with HLH with a median age at diagnosis of 3.17 (range, .08–17.83) years were enrolled. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The most common type of HLH was infection‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome (IAHS) (n = 59, 75%) of which Epstein‐Barr virus was the most common pathogen. Thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, and treatment response at weeks 2 and 8 after initiating treatment were associated with mortality. Platelet count <50,000 cells/mm3 was the only independent prognostic factor to define survival outcome (p‐value .035). Two‐year overall survival rate was 71.3% (95% confidence interval, 59.2%–80.3%). Survival rates between IAHS, malignant associated HLH, macrophage activation syndrome, and unspecific HLH did not significantly differ (p‐value .571).ConclusionIAHS was the most common cause among pediatric HLH in Thailand. The outcomes of Thai children with HLH were comparable to those of developed countries. Platelet count <50,000 cells/mm3 was the only independent prognostic factor to define survival outcome.
Covid‐19 vaccination BNT162b2 temporarily impairs semen concentration and total motile count among semen donors
Authors: Gat Itai , Kedem Alon , Dviri Michal , Umanski Ana , Levi Matan , Hourvitz Ariel , Baum Micha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of covid‐19 vaccinations represents a notable scientific achievement. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised regarding their possible detrimental impact on male fertilityObjectiveTo investigate the effect of covid‐19 BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine on semen parameters among semen donors (SD).MethodsThirty‐seven SD from three sperm banks that provided 216 samples were included in that retrospective longitudinal multicenter cohort study. BNT162b2 vaccination included two doses, and vaccination completion was scheduled 7 days after the second dose. The study included four phases: T0 – pre‐vaccination baseline control, which encompassed 1–2 initial samples per SD; T1, T2 and T3 – short, intermediate, and long terms evaluations, respectively. Each included 1–3 semen samples per donor provided 15–45, 75–125 and over 145 days after vaccination completion, respectively. The primary endpoints were semen parameters. Three statistical analyses were conducted: (1) generalized estimated equation model; (2) first sample and (3) samples' mean of each donor per period were compared to T0.ResultsRepetitive measurements revealed −15.4% sperm concentration decrease on T2 (CI −25.5%–3.9%, p = 0.01) leading to total motile count 22.1% reduction (CI −35% – −6.6%, p = 0.007) compared to T0. Similarly, analysis of first semen sample only and samples' mean per donor resulted in concentration and total motile count (TMC) reductions on T2 compared to T0 ‐ median decline of 12 million/ml and 31.2 million motile spermatozoa, respectively (p = 0.02 and 0.002 respectively) on first sample evaluation and median decline of 9.5 × 106 and 27.3 million motile spermatozoa (p = 0.004 and 0.003, respectively) on samples' mean examination. T3 evaluation demonstrated overall recovery without. Semen volume and sperm motility were not impaired.DiscussionThis longitudinal study focused on SD demonstrates selective temporary sperm concentration and TMC deterioration 3 months after vaccination followed by later recovery verified by diverse statistical analyses.ConclusionsSystemic immune response after BNT162b2 vaccine is a reasonable cause for transient semen concentration and TMC decline. Long‐term prognosis remains good.
Emergent craniotomy in rural and regional settings: recommendations from a tertiary neurosurgery unit: diagnosis and surgical decision‐making
Authors: Raman Vignesh , Jiwrajka Manasi , Pollard Cliff , Grieve David A. , Alexander Hamish , Redmond Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLargely attributed to the tyranny of distance, timely transfer of patients with major traumatic brain injuries (TBI) from rural or regional hospitals to metropolitan trauma centres is not always feasible. This has warranted emergent craniotomies to be undertaken by non‐neurosurgeons at their local hospitals with previous acceptable results reported in regional Australia. Our institution endorses this ongoing potentially life‐saving practice when necessary and emphasize the need for neurosurgical units to provide ongoing TBI education to peripheral hospitals. In this first of a two‐part narrative review, the authors describe the recommended diagnostic pathway for patients with a suspected TBI presenting to rural or regional hospitals and discuss local surgical management options in the presence or absence of a CT scanner.