bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measures of Intracranial Injury Size Do Not Improve Clinical Decision Making for Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries and Intracranial Injuries
Authors: Greenberg Jacob K. , Olsen Margaret A. , Johnson Gabrielle W. , Ahluwalia Ranbir , Hill Madelyn , Hale Andrew T. , Belal Ahmed , Baygani Shawyon , Foraker Randi E. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Ackerman Laurie L. , Noje Corina , Jackson Eric M. , Burns Erin , Sayama Christina M. , Selden Nathan R. , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Shannon Chevis N. , Kuppermann Nathan , Limbrick David D. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
When evaluating children with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and intracranial injuries (ICIs), neurosurgeons intuitively consider injury size. However, the extent to which such measures (eg, hematoma size) improve risk prediction compared with the kids intracranial injury decision support tool for traumatic brain injury (KIIDS-TBI) model, which only includes the presence/absence of imaging findings, remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the extent to which measures of injury size improve risk prediction for children with mild traumatic brain injuries and ICIs.

METHODS:
We included children ≤18 years who presented to 1 of the 5 centers within 24 hours of TBI, had Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 13 to 15, and had ICI on neuroimaging. The data set was split into training (n = 1126) and testing (n = 374) cohorts. We used generalized linear modeling (GLM) and recursive partitioning (RP) to predict the composite of neurosurgery, intubation >24 hours, or death because of TBI. Each model's sensitivity/specificity was compared with the validated KIIDS-TBI model across 3 decision-making risk cutoffs (<1%, <3%, and <5% predicted risk).

RESULTS:
The GLM and RP models included similar imaging variables (eg, epidural hematoma size) while the GLM model incorporated additional clinical predictors (eg, Glasgow Coma Scale score). The GLM (76%-90%) and RP (79%-87%) models showed similar specificity across all risk cutoffs, but the GLM model had higher sensitivity (89%-96% for GLM; 89% for RP). By comparison, the KIIDS-TBI model had slightly higher sensitivity (93%-100%) but lower specificity (27%-82%).

CONCLUSION:
Although measures of ICI size have clear intuitive value, the tradeoff between higher specificity and lower sensitivity does not support the addition of such information to the KIIDS-TBI model.
Trends in frailty and its associated factors in the community dwelling elderly Indian population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective analytical study
Authors: Gautam Karan , Krishnan K Shyam , Kumar K Vijaya , Nayak Megha M 
Published: March 2022

Background: There is a scarcity of quality literature on the prevalence of frailty among community dwelling elderly in India. This study was originally planned to analyze the longitudinal trends in frailty status of community dwelling elderly in an Indian population as well to identify factors associated with frailty in the Indian context. However, the recruitment phase of this study coincided with one of the largest lockdowns in history, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and this gave us a unique opportunity to study the effects this pandemic enforced, as a result of the necessary restrictions, on the frailty status as well the factors affecting frailty in the elderly. Methods: A prospective observational study was designed and conducted amongst 19 community dwelling elderly of Dakshina Kannada District, in Karnataka India. Outcome variables of frailty (EFIP), physical activity (PASE), functional mobility (TUG), gait speed (10-meter walk test), nutritional status (MNA®-SF) body composition (BIA), and strength (dynamometry), were measured at baseline and on follow-up after three months. The changes occurring in these variables over the three-month period were analyzed and the change in frailty was independently correlated with changes in each of the other outcomes. Results: We couldn’t identify any statistically significant difference in frailty over a period of three months. However, there was a highly significant change in the physical activity status, lower extremity muscle strength, body composition, functional mobility, gait speed, and cognitive function in the same time period. Conclusions: Though individual determinants of frailty in community dwelling changed over a three-month period, these changes failed to produce any observable/measurable difference in frailty status.
Predictors of social response to COVID-19 among health care workers caring for individuals with confirmed COVID-19 in Jordan
Authors: Dalky Heyam , Khraisat Adam , Khalifeh Anas H. , Abuhammad Sawsan , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman 
Published: March 2022

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 forced public health authorities around the world to call for national emergency plans. Public responses, in the form of social discrimination and stigmatizing behaviors, are increasingly being observed against individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for those individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perception of social discrimination and coping strategies, and explore predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative design to collect data, using a convenience sample of 105 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 109 HCWs using a web-based survey format. Results: In this study, individuals confirmed with COVID-19 reported a high level of social discrimination compared with HCWs (t = 2.62, p < 0.01), while HCWs reported a high level of coping with COVID-19 compared to individuals with COVID-19 (t = -3.91, p < 0.001). Educational level, age, monthly income, and taking over-the-counter medication were predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings showed that individuals with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to face social discrimination, and HCWs cope with COVID-19 better than ordinary individuals with confirmed COVID-19.
Development and implementation of a tool for measuring the training effectiveness of the patient-centered consultation model
Authors: Jorgensen Merete , Thorsen Hanne , Siersma Volkert , Winther Bang Christine 
Published: March 2022

Background: The patient-centered consultation model comprises four elements: exploring health, illness, and disease experiences, understanding the whole person, finding common ground, and enhancing the patient-doctor relationship. This method is taught at the course in general practice at Copenhagen University. The aim of the study was to develop a simple tool consisting of a questionnaire about the patient-centered elements and a test video consultation. The outcome is the change in the students’ ability to identify these elements. Used as a pre-course and post-course test it can inform the teachers which elements of the patient-centered consultation need intensifying in the teaching. Methods: The students from a course in general practice volunteered to participate in all steps of the development. They took part in individual interviews to select items from an already existing questionnaire (DanSCORE). The preliminary questionnaire was tested for face and content validity, pilot-tested and tested for test-retest reliability. All video consultations were transcribed and assessed for patient-centered elements through a conversation analysis. The videos showed medical students seeing real patients. Results: The preliminary version of the questionnaire (called DanOBS) had 23 items. In the subsequent interviews, items were reduced to 17, each with three response options. After the pilot test, the questionnaire was further reduced to 13 items, all strictly relevant to the model and with two response options. The final questionnaire had acceptable test-retest reliability. The number of test consultation videos underwent a reduction from six videos to one. Conclusions: The DanOBS combined with a test video consultation, used as a pre-and post-course test demonstrates for teachers which elements in the patient-centered consultation need to be intensified in the teaching.
Do Something or Do Nothing? Anatomical Variants and Incidental Findings on Cone Beam CT. Part 2: Beyond the Dento-alveolar Complex and Neighbouring Structures
Authors: Makdissi Jimmy , Loughlin Amanda , Adams Ashok , Dungarwalla Mohammed M 
Published: March 2022

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a popular and often indispensable imaging modality used for the dento-alveolar tissues and immediate surrounding structures. It can be used across several dental disciplines including endodontics, implant planning, oral surgery and orthodontics. Furthermore, it is commonly used in the medical specialties of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery. In part 1 of this series, we described some of the common incidental findings found in the dento-alveolar complex and immediate neighbouring structures. Part 2 looks further afield and depicts some common and important incidental findings and anatomical variants that can be found on larger fields of view. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Many incidental findings are innocuous, yet their recognition and documentation are essential because some will warrant medical or surgical intervention.
A Spot of Bother: Orthodontic-associated White Spot Lesions
Authors: Murphy Ian , Sharif Mohammad Owaise 
Published: March 2022

White spot lesions (WSL) are a commonly reported risk of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. This article reviews the incidence, aetiology and effectiveness of prevention and management of WSLs with a relevant case report. An adolescent male had fixed-appliance treatment and developed WSLs, despite prevention advice and careful monitoring, the WSLs progressed and ultimately led to the need for early removal of his orthodontic appliances. Removal of appliances prevented further damage and allowed partial resolution of the WSLs. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Careful monitoring of a patient's dental health during orthodontic treatment is essential; however, if oral health deteriorates, and demineralization occurs, rapid decisive action is necessary to limit irreversible damage.
Interceptive Management of Palatally Displaced Canines: Evidence-based Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Alkadhimi Aslam , Ahn John , Power Susan 
Published: March 2022

The orthodontic alignment of palatally displaced canines (PDC) can be complex, with potential dental and soft tissue morbidity. Early diagnosis and provision of appropriate interceptive treatment has been shown to reduce the need for surgical exposure and extensive orthodontic treatment. This article reviews the current literature to gain insight into best available research evidence on all types of interceptive measures for the management of PDCs. Other perspectives of the PDC including development, aetiology and assessment are also be discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Interceptive management of PDCs by extracting primary predecessors requires an assessment of the determinant prognostic factors for treatment success and to avoid the removal of primary canines where improvement in PDC is unlikely or where retention of the primary tooth may be the preferred long-term option.
Autologous versus synthetic bone grafts for the surgical management of tibial plateau fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cooper George M. , Kennedy Matthew J. , Jamal Bilal , Shields David W. 
Published: March 2022

Aims Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, to establish whether differences arise in clinical outcomes between autologous and synthetic bone grafts in the operative management of tibial plateau fractures. Methods A structured search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the online archives of Bone & Joint Publishing, and CENTRAL databases from inception until 28 July 2021 was performed. Randomized, controlled, clinical trials that compared autologous and synthetic bone grafts in tibial plateau fractures were included. Preclinical studies, clinical studies in paediatric patients, pathological fractures, fracture nonunion, or chondral defects were excluded. Outcome data were assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) framework and synthesized in random-effect meta-analysis. The Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidance was followed throughout. Results Six studies involving 353 fractures were identified from 3,078 records. Following ROB2 assessment, five studies (representing 338 fractures) were appropriate for meta-analysis. Primary outcomes showed non-significant reductions in articular depression at immediate postoperative (mean difference -0.45 mm, p = 0.25, 95%confidence interval (CI) -1.21 to 0.31, I2 = 0%) and long-term (> six months, standard mean difference -0.56, p = 0.09, 95% CI -1.20 to 0.08, I2 = 73%) follow-up in synthetic bone grafts. Secondary outcomes included mechanical alignment, limb functionality, and defect site pain at long-term follow-up, perioperative blood loss, duration of surgery, occurrence of surgical site infections, and secondary surgery. Mean blood loss was lower (90.08 ml, p < 0.001, 95% CI 41.49 to 138.67) and surgery was shorter (16.17 minutes, p = 0.04, 95% CI 0.39 to 31.94) in synthetic treatment groups. All other secondary measures were statistically comparable. Conclusion All studies reported similar methodologies and patient populations; however, imprecision may have arisen through performance variation. These findings supersede previous literature and indicate that, despite perceived biological advantages, autologous bone grafting does not demonstrate superiority to synthetic grafts. When selecting a void filler, surgeons should consider patient comorbidity, environmental and societal factors in provision, and perioperative and postoperative care provision. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):218–228.
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation using Acute Respiratory Infections sentinel system of Catalonia (PIDIRAC) during the 2019-2020 season: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Jané Mireia , Martínez Ana , Ciruela Pilar , Mosquera Mar , Martínez Miguel J. , Basile Luca , Vidal Mª José , Nogueras Mª Mercè , de Molina Patricia , Vila Jordi , Marcos Mª Angeles 
Published: March 2022

Background
In the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia (Spain), the present study analyses respiratory samples collected by the primary care network using Acute Respiratory Infections Sentinel Surveillance System (PIDIRAC) during the 2019–2020 season to complement the pandemic surveillance system in place to detect SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study is to describe whether SARS-CoV-2 was circulating before the first confirmed case was detected in Catalonia, on February 25th, 2020.

Methods
The study sample was made up of all samples collected by the PIDIRAC primary care network as part of the Influenza and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) surveillance system activities. The study on respiratory virus included coronavirus using multiple RT-PCR assays. All positive samples for human coronavirus were subsequently typed for HKU1, OC43, NL63, 229E. Every respiratory sample was frozen at—80°C and retrospectively studied for SARS-CoV-2 detection. A descriptive study was performed, analysing significant differences among variables related to SARS-CoV- 2 cases comparing with rest of coronaviruses cases through a bivariate study with Chi-squared test and statistical significance at 95%.

Results
Between October 2019 and April 2020, 878 respiratory samples from patients with acute respiratory infection or influenza syndrome obtained by PIDIRAC were analysed. 51.9% tested positive for influenza virus, 48.1% for other respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 was present in 6 samples. The first positive SARS-CoV-2 case had symptom onset on 2 March 2020. These 6 cases were 3 men and 3 women, aged between 25 and 50 years old. 67% had risk factors, none had previous travel history nor presented viral coinfection. All of them recovered favourably.

Conclusion
Sentinel Surveillance PIDIRAC enhances global epidemiological surveillance by allowing confirmation of viral circulation and describes the epidemiology of generalized community respiratory viruses’ transmission in Catalonia. The system can provide an alert signal when identification of a virus is not achieved in order to take adequate preparedness measures.
Interventions facilitating access to perinatal care for migrant women without medical insurance: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Sia Drissa , Tchouaket Nguemeleu Eric , Beogo Idrissa , Séguin Catherine , Roch Geneviève , Cleveland Janet , Greenaway Christina 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Inadequate pregnancy monitoring for pregnant migrant women without medical insurance (PMWMI) exposes them to severe complications during childbirth and consequences for the health of their child (e.g. preterm delivery, low birth weight, etc.). This scoping review aims to identify existing interventions globally to improve access to perinatal care for PMWMI. It will also highlight the strengths, weaknesses as well as the costs of these interventions.

Materials and methods
The methodological framework developed by Arksey & O’Malley (2005) will be used. An electronic search of studies from 2000 to 2021, published in French or English, will be conducted in 12 databases. Publication in Websites of non-governmental organizations working on migrant women without medical insurance issues will be also searched. All articles related to perinatal follow-up and care of PMWMIs, regardless of design, will be included. Editorial comments will be excluded. Outcomes of interest will focus on the impacts, strengths, weaknesses, and cost of interventions. Selection of articles and data extraction will be done by two independent researchers following the Tricco et al. (2018) reporting guide. Finally, a deliberative workshop with experts will allow to identify the most promising and appropriate interventions that can facilitate access to perinatal services by PMWMIs in the Quebec province of Canada.
Increasing the Yield: When More Is Better
Authors: Platt Kevin D. , Schulman Allison R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Indeterminate biliary strictures pose a diagnostic challenge, and current approaches in the evaluation of such strictures lack diagnostic sensitivity. The most common method of tissue acquisition remains endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with brush cytology, however, little is known about optimal brush technique. In this paper by Wang et al., the authors compare the diagnostic sensitivity of brush cytology for 10, 20, and 30 passes in patients with malignant biliary strictures. The authors found an increase in sensitivity with an increasing number of passes, without an associated increase in adverse events. This well-designed study offers a simple and safe intervention which can increase the diagnostic sensitivity of ERCP-based brushing without requiring significant time, expense, or additional expertise.
CPW-fed metamaterial inspired compact multiband antenna for LTE/5G/WLAN communication
Authors: Jha Pankaj , Kumar Anubhav , De Asok , Jain Rakesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, metamaterial (MTM) inspired a compact CPW-fed antenna with triple operating band is proposed. A rectangular Split Ring Resonator (SRR) is unified in a circular slot of the polygon-shaped radiator in MTM inspired antenna. The antenna exhibits three operating band which are based on metamaterial characteristics of unit cell. The CPW-fed antenna is ensuing 10 dB impedance bandwidth varies from 2.28 to 2.38 GHz, 3.07 to 3.78 GHz, and 5.05 to 7.03 GHz, whereas notch band exist from 2.39 to 3.06 GHz frequency. Metamaterial behaviour leads into the bandwidth enhancement as well as miniaturization in lower operating band with electric length of 0.14λ
0 × 0.21λ
0. The antenna archives the peak gain of 1.49 dB at 2.34 GHz, 2.04 dB at 3.32 GHz, and 4.14 dB at 6.5 GHz frequency. The measured results authenticate the simulated outcomes and consequently the proposed antenna can be pertinent in LTE, WLAN, and 5G communications.
Kant on the Moral Law as the Causal Law for Freedom
Authors: Forman David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor Kant, the moral law is the causal law of freedom. However, it is not anexplanatorycausal law. It is instead a causal lawof imputation: it is a law according to which we can be held responsible for the actions the law declares necessary; that is, it is a law according to which we can be consideredthe causes ofwhether or not we act lawfully. In this way, the moral law (if valid) makes possible a kind of causality that is a “third thing” between natural necessity and blind chance. This essay traces the origins of this view to the Antinomy of Pure Reason of the firstCritiqueand shows how it is refined in Kant’s foundational texts in practical philosophy of the 1780s (theGroundworkand secondCritique) and in his reflections on the nature of human evil from the 1790s (especially in Part One of theReligion).
Water hammer and cavitational hammer in process plant pipe systems
Authors: Dudlik A. , Schönfeld S. B. H. , Hagemann O. , Fahlenkamp H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Fast acting valves are often applied for quick safety shut-down of pipelines for liquids and gases in the chemical and petrochemical industry as well as in power plants and state water supplies. The fast deceleration of the liquid leads to water hammer upstream the valve and to cavitational hammer downstream the fast closing valve. The valve characteristics given by manufacturers are usually measured at steady state flow conditions of the liquid. In comparison, the dynamic characteristics depend on the initial liquid velocity, valve closing velocity, the absolute pipe pressure and the pipe geometry. Fraunhofer UMSICHT conducts various test series examining valve dynamic characteristics in order of the dynamic analysis of pressure surges in fast closing processes. Therefore a test rig is used which consists of two pipelines of DN 50 and DN 100 with an approximate length of 230 m each. In this paper the results of performed pressure surge experiments with fast closing and opening valves will be compared to calculations of commercial software programs such as MONA, FLOWMASTER 2. Thus the calculation software for water supply, power plants, oil and gas and chemical industry can be permanently improved.
Innovative transient-proof hydrostatic level measuring method
Authors: Gocht T. , Traichel A. , Hampel R. , Prasser H.-M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Most of the level monitoring systems for pressure vessels containing saturated steam-water mixture use the hydrostatic method. Differential pressure transducers are connected by pulse tubes with nozzles at different height of the pressure vessel. A disadvantage of this method is given by measuring errors cause by evaporation and/or degassing processes in vertical parts of these pulse lines. The error is caused by the decrease of the fluid density in the reference pipe, when a two-phase mixture appears. The present work aimed at the test of a novel differential pressure measuring system that eliminates the influence of density changes in the pulse lines. It is based on two differential pressure transducers, placed accurately at the elevation of the connecting nozzles. They are connected with the pressure vessel only by horizontal pipes. The vertical distance is bridged by a standpipe, the fluid of which is completely separated from the fluid in the vessel. Degassing respectively evaporation effects can therefore be completely excluded in the reference column of the new system. The method was tested at the pressurizer test facility of the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/ Görlitz, IPM on three types of transients including a rapid pressure decrease similar to a loss-of-coolant transient. Traditional differential pressure systems as well as local void probes were used for comparison. The method has proven its advantages compared to the traditional hydrostatic level measurement method.