bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FSTruct: AnFST‐based tool for measuring ancestry variation in inference of population structure
Authors: Morrison Maike L. , Alcala Nicolas , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn model‐based inference of population structure from individual‐level genetic data, individuals are assigned membership coefficients in a series of statistical clusters generated by clustering algorithms. Distinct patterns of variability in membership coefficients can be produced for different groups of individuals, for example, representing different predefined populations, sampling sites or time periods. Such variability can be difficult to capture in a single numerical value; membership coefficient vectors are multivariate and potentially incommensurable across predefined groups, as the number of clusters over which individuals are distributed can vary among groups of interest. Further, two groups might share few clusters in common, so that membership coefficient vectors are concentrated on different clusters. We introduce a method for measuring the variability of membership coefficients of individuals in a predefined group, making use of an analogy between variability across individuals in membership coefficient vectors and variation across populations in allele frequency vectors. We show that in a model in which membership coefficient vectors in a population follow a Dirichlet distribution, the measure increases linearly with a parameter describing the variance of a specified component of the membership vector and does not depend on its mean. We apply the approach, which makes use of a normalizedFSTstatistic, to data on inferred population structure in three example scenarios. We also introduce a bootstrap test for equivalence of two or more predefined groups in their level of membership coefficient variability. Our methods are implemented in therpackage FSTruct.
An integrated biomarker of PD‐L1 expression and intraepithelial CD8+ T cell infiltration was associated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients after intracranial resection of brain metastases
Authors: Li Lin‐Lin , Zhou De‐Xiang , Lu Ming , Zhou Dong , Lin Xiao‐Feng , Chen Yu , Yin Kai , Feng Hui‐Bo , Guo Wei‐Bang , Xie Zhi , Yan Wen‐Qing , Lv Zhi‐Yi , Lu Dan‐Xia , Zhang Shui‐Lian , Zhang Xu‐Chao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastases (BM) are common in lung cancer. However, data on the status of immune biomarkers in BM lesions remain limited.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed PD‐L1 expression and infiltration levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells as biomarkers by immunohistochemistry in both BM lesions and primary lung cancer (PL) lesions of 29 lung cancer (LC) patients. In addition, the correlations between these biomarkers and the clinical outcome were analyzed using log‐rank test.ResultsIntratumoral heterogeneous expression of PD‐L1 was observed on tumor cells (TCs) in 11 cases and on immune cells (ICs) in 10 cases with BM samples from multiple regions. There was a disagreement in PD‐L1 expression on TCs between paired BM and PL lesions in 15 cases and on ICs in seven cases. Intraepithelial CD3+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration levels in BM samples were lower than those in the paired PL samples. PD‐L1 positivity on both TCs and ICs was associated with a better post‐BM‐surgery prognosis (p = 0.010; p = 0.041). Notably, PD‐L1 positivity on TCs and a high level of intraepithelial CD8+ T cell infiltration could serve as an integrated biomarker that indicates longer survival time (p = 0.004) in LC patients.ConclusionThe heterogeneity in PD‐L1 expression was common in both stromal and intraepithelial regions in BM lesions of LC patients, suggesting the need for multiregional PD‐L1 testing in clinical practice. More importantly, a combination of PD‐L1 expression on TCs with intraepithelial CD8+ T cell infiltration might predict better post‐BM‐surgery outcomes.
Successful treatment of induced oligometastasis and repeated oligoprogression of advanced lung adenocarcinoma with immunotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: Lee Ho Young , Kim Sung Hyun , Lee Hong Yeul , Lee Young‐Min , Han Ji Yeon , Cho Heunglae , Lee Hyun‐Kyung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHighly active and durable systemic therapies such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy can convert widespread metastatic disease into oligometastatic status, for which metastasis‐directed local intervention can control and potentially prolong survival. Radiation therapy is an effective therapeutic option for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease. Here, we present a case of induced oligometastasis and repeated oligoprogressive lung cancer in which more than 6 years of survival was achieved with a combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
Strengthening health promotion development with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males in remote Australia: A Northern Territory perspective
Authors: Souter Jonathan , Smith James A. , Canuto Kootsy , Gupta Himanshu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo elucidate key considerations for effective health promotion with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males in remote Northern Territory.ContextDespite the significant disparities in health outcomes amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males, particularly in remote Northern Territory, investment in health promotion policy and practice has been inadequate. Progressing towards self‐determination with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males, and to meet the unique health and well‐being needs of this marginalised demographic, consideration for staff retention and training, strengths‐based approaches, and implications of divergent masculinities must be considered when devising and delivering culturally responsive and appropriate health promotion interventions. Health promotion needs to be conducted in a collaborative manner, and in less conventional settings, to better engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males.ApproachThis commentary draws on the author's reflections about working in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health policy, practice and research contexts in Northern Australia. It brings together diffuse strands of scholarship about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health promotion; and health promotion in rural and remote contexts. In doing so, we identify and discuss strategies that have potential to strengthen Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health promotion in rural and remote Australia.ConclusionHealth services and professionals in remote Northern Territory must leverage the inherent strengths of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males to imbue service delivery with both meaning and capacity for self‐determination. In doing so, this might ultimately help to alleviate the marginalisation of this demographic.
Low‐density cell culture enhances hepatic function through tight junction formation in HepG2 cells
Authors: Tanaka‐Yachi Rieko , Aizawa Kazuko , shimizu Kie , Akutsu Hidenori , Nakamura Kazuaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground InformationAn in vitro evaluation system using cultured hepatocytes is the most useful method in preclinical research, such as drug metabolism and toxicity test. Human hepatocytes should be used in an in vitro evaluation system because the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes varies among animal species. HepG2 cells, a liver cancer‐derived cell line, are widely used as a human hepatocyte model; however, their hepatic functions are generally weak.ResultsIn this study, we showed that low‐density HepG2 cell culture induces hepatic function. The morphology of HepG2 cells was altered depending on the cell density at the time of seeding. Low‐density cultured HepG2 cells proliferated as tightly packed colonies. The HepG2 cell colonies in low‐density culture demonstrated enhanced tight junction formation. Tight junction protein gene expression levels, such as those of zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM), claudin, occludin, and tricellulin, increased in low‐density cultured HepG2 cells. Phases I and II metabolic enzymes, phase III transporter gene expression, and CYP3A4 activity also increased in low‐density cultured HepG2 cells. Occludin and tricellulin knockdown inhibited the increased hepatic function in low‐density cultures. Tricellulin knockdown reduced the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6), CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (CEBPA), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In addition, the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group h member 2 (NR1H2) increased in low‐density cultures, canceled by occludin and tricellulin knockdown.ConclusionsOur results suggest that low‐density HepG2 cell cultures enhance hepatic function by promoting tight junction formation and demonstrate the importance of cell density in drug evaluation using hepatocyte cell lines.
Novel LNPK variant causes progressive cerebral atrophy: Expanding the clinical phenotype
Authors: Türkyılmaz Ayberk , Sağer Safiye Güneş , Günbey Hediye Pınar , Akın Yasemin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe biallelic variations of the LNPK gene are associated with the “neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum” phenotype [MIM:618090] in the Online Mendelian Inheritance In Men database, and so far, two families have been identified in the literature. A third family with novel clinical features, who bears a novel variant in LNPK (NM_030650.3: c.770delA, p.D257fs*31) is described in the present study. The coexistence of psychomotor regression and neurodegeneration in brain magnetic resonance imaging was found for the first time in the present study, thanks to the long‐term follow‐up data on the case, which contributed to the phenotypic and mutation spectrum by means of the novel variation.
Fatal melanoma with a novel MYO5A‐BRAF fusion and small associated conventional nevus: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Clark Hannah E. , Huang Yuan Yu Michael , Vance Gail H. , Alomari Ahmed K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKinase fusions play an important role in the pathogenesis of Spitz neoplasms and occasionally non‐Spitz neoplasms. We report a case of a 19‐year‐old woman with a growing nodule on the scalp, morphologically consistent with a diagnosis of melanoma with epithelioid features arising in association with small nevus. This tumor aggressively metastasized and failed to respond to immunotherapy. Next‐generation sequencing of a metastatic focus revealed an MYO5A‐BRAF kinase fusion with a low mutational burden and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the primary melanoma showed similar results. FISH testing of the associated nevus failed because of technical reasons. MYO5A has rarely been reported as the fusion partner with BRAF‐rearranged melanocytic tumors. Moreover, this case raises speculations and contributes to the growing literature on the pathogenesis, nomenclature, and tumorigenic pathways in kinase‐fusion melanomas. The patient succumbed to disease, which is in concordance with some literature suggesting aggressive behavior of BRAF fusion melanomas with TERT promoter mutations.
Oral candidiasis in patients with haematological diseases: Diagnosis through clinical and cytopathological examinations
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Guimarães de Azevedo , Milagres Adrianna , Werneck Juliana Tristão , Marques Letícia Côgo , Picciani Bruna Lavinas Sayed , Junior Arley Silva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study is the first to analyse the prevalence of oral candidiasis in onco‐haematological patients by physical and oral cytopathological examinations.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional and observational study with a retrospective sample composed of participants hospitalised in the haematology clinic, who were diagnosed with haematological diseases. All participants received an oral mucosal examination and scraping from oral mucosa.ResultsOf the 62 participants, 56.5% were male and 82.3% were white, with mean age of 57 years. Lymphoma was the most common haematological disease (24.2%). In total, 48.4% of the sample was diagnosed with oral candidiasis. Of the participants with oral candidiasis, 13 (21.0%) had a clinical diagnosis. Cytopathological analysis revealed 17 more (27.4%) cases without oral lesions indicative of candidiasis. Erythematous candidiasis (P = 0.02), pseudomembranous candidiasis (P < 0.001), clinical candidiasis (P < 0.001), fibrous hyperplasia (P = 0.032), and coated tongue (P = 0.012) showed a correlation with a candidiasis cytopathological diagnosis.ConclusionsOral candidiasis is common among patients with haematological disease, and the cytopathological examination proved to be a useful tool, confirming clinical diagnosis of candidiasis and identifying subclinical cases. These data are of great relevance considering the possible complications that these patients may develop, such as longer hospitalisations, worsening of the general condition or even death due to candidemia.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on glycaemic control in people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: O'Mahoney Lauren L. , Highton Patrick J. , Kudlek Laura , Morgan Jessica , Lynch Rosie , Schofield Ella , Sreejith Nayanika , Kapur Ajay , Otunla Afolarin , Kerneis Sven , James Olivia , Rees Karen , Curtis Ffion , Khunti Kamlesh , Hartmann‐Boyce Jamie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo identify, appraise and synthesize the available evidence on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and lockdown (LD) on glycaemic control in people with diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe searched multiple databases up to 2 February 2021 for studies reporting HbA1c, time in range (TIR), average or fasting glucose, severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Data were pooled using random effects meta‐analysis and are presented as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). This review was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42020179319).ResultsWe include 59 studies; 44 (n = 15 464) were included in quantitative syntheses and 15 were narratively synthesized. Pooled data were grouped by diabetes type. Results from 28 studies (n = 5048 type 1 diabetes [T1D] and combined diabetes participants) showed that TIR increased during LD compared with before LD (MD 2.74%, 95% CI 1.80% to 3.69%). Data from 10 studies (n = 1294 T1D participants) showed that TIR increased after LD compared with before LD (MD 5.14%, 95% CI 3.12% to 7.16%). Pooled results from 12 studies (n = 4810 T1D and type 2 diabetes participants) resulted in average glucose decreasing after LD compared with before LD (MD –6.86 mg/dl, 95% CI –8.54 to –5.18). Results for other outcomes, including HbA1c, were not statistically significantly different.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with small improvements across multiple outcomes of glycaemic control, although there was insufficient evidence to suggest that this led to changes in HbA1c. Most evidence came from people with access to diabetes technologies in high‐income countries; more research is needed in less advantaged populations.
Summer drought affects abundance of grassland grasshoppers differently along an elevation gradient
Authors: Fartmann Thomas , Brüggeshemke Jonas , Poniatowski Dominik , Löffler Franz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Orthoptera (hereinafter termed ‘grasshoppers’) are of great functional significance since they are the main arthropod consumers in grasslands and an important food source for medium‐sized insectivorous vertebrates. However, research investigating the effects of extreme weather events on the abundance of grasshoppers has lacked thus far.
Here, we studied the effects of summer drought on grasshopper abundance in temperate semi‐natural grasslands with low land‐use intensity. We considered calcareous and mesic grasslands; per type, we randomly selected 27 plots.
Our study revealed distinct differences in habitat characteristics between plots of calcareous and mesic grasslands. Overall, calcareous grasslands had a more heterogeneous and shorter vegetation than mesic grasslands. Consequently, species richness was higher in calcareous grasslands. By contrast, grasshopper abundance did not differ between the two types.
Summer temperature was the key driver of grasshopper abundance. Abundance was lowest in grasslands that were situated at lower elevations with higher summer temperatures and that were characterised by the strongest effects of summer drought. Its influence even overrode the differences in habitat characteristics between calcareous and mesic grasslands.
Extreme weather events, such as summer droughts, are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. Accordingly, suitable conservation strategies that increase the resistance and resilience of temperate semi‐natural grasslands and their insect assemblages against summer drought are highly needed. Based on our study, increasing habitat heterogeneity seems to be the most effective way to mitigate the negative effects of summer drought.
Unravelling another mystery: Parasite escape and host‐switching vary spatially in non‐indigenous populations of Japanese mystery snails
Authors: Fowler Amy E. , Loonam Grace A. , Blakeslee April M. H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Due to anthropogenic mechanisms, global freshwater biodiversity is declining, and non‐indigenous species are consistently cited as a major threat to native ecosystems. In particular, exotic freshwater gastropods and their parasites have invaded ecosystems through deliberate introductions and/or accidental transfer. In many cases, introduced hosts experience parasite escape in their non‐indigenous range by leaving behind some of their native parasite load during introduction. We investigated whether the Japanese mystery snail, Heterogen japonica, may be exhibiting signatures of parasite escape in non‐indigenous populations in the mid‐Atlantic U.S.A. by comparing the prevalence and diversity of trematode parasites in H. japonica and co‐occurring indigenous snails. Because trematodes can severely impact snail host reproduction, they are an important parasite group to investigate using comparative parasite analyses. Finally, we used genetic data to elucidate whether host switching of trematode lineages had occurred among the indigenous and non‐indigenous snails.

Six locations from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, D.C. were surveyed for non‐indigenous and indigenous snails in 2018 and 2019. A random subset of each species was measured, dissected, sexed, and examined for parasite diversity. Brooding embryos were also counted in non‐indigenous snails.

Among all snails, native species had a higher diversity of trematode (digenean and aspidogastrean) parasites than the invasive mystery snail, and infection was also influenced by site. Although H. japonica was uninfected at the majority of sites, it had moderate prevalence (up to 34%) of aspidogastrean trematodes at two sites. Female H. japonica infected with aspidogastreans had significantly fewer brooding embryos than uninfected snails. We found additional associates such as ciliates, nematodes, and the oligochaete Chaetogaster sp. in indigenous snails; of these, only ciliates and nematodes were found in association with H. japonica at comparatively low prevalence.

While H. japonica has escaped several trematode species, specific populations still had high prevalence of aspidogastreans, the highest of which was found where H. japonica co‐occurred with the indigenous snail Elimia virginica. Genetic data found at least two cryptic lineages of aspidogastreans, and one was shared between H. japonica and E. virginica, suggesting that host‐switching has occurred.

Parasites can play powerful roles in interspecific relationships, influence species interactions, and even impact ecosystem functioning. The ability of parasites to host switch could further influence community interactions in this system, particularly if H. japonica continues to spread in North America. Further research is needed to evaluate how parasites (or lack thereof) may mediate the interactions and demographics of indigenous and non‐indigenous species in invaded ranges.
A 5‐hour follow‐up of the impact on ageing facial signs of some foundations in Japanese women through automatically analysed selfie pictures
Authors: Flament Frederic , Velleman Damien , Yamashita Eri , Nicolas Alexandre , Yokoyama Emilie , Chibout Salim , Jiang Ruowei , Houghton Jeff , Kroely Camille , Cassier Matthieu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the possibility of an automatic grading algorithm to detect and quantify, from selfie pictures, the subtle changes of facial signs brought by the application of a foundation.Material and MethodsA total of 270 Japanese differently aged women (30–54y) living in four different Japanese cities took selfies before, immediately and 5 h after having applied their own foundation, with their own routine.ResultsThe analysis of 810 selfie pictures revealed (3 times × 270 women) that, prior to applications, all women presented a low grade of facial ageing. In most cases, the severities of less marked facial signs were detected and quantified, found affected by routine at different extents in all age‐classes, but more intensely in the older age‐class (45–54y) despite their more pronounced signs in bare skin status. In contrast, periorbital wrinkles were detected as more severe in all age‐classes at both timing, that is, immediately and 5 h post‐application as well as Nasolabial folds 5 h post‐application. The amplitude of these positive or negative changes, although found of low amplitude, as decimals of the initial grades, was significantly detected.ConclusionThis automatic system appears apt at grading subtle changes in facial ageing signs brought by a foundation and could be a valuable help to the consumers of make‐up products, in refining their individual procedure to obtain a more personalized desired facial appearance.
Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties
Authors: Xing Yuhang , Li Ruyi , Xue Lu , Chen Mianhong , Lu Xuli , Duan Zhihao , Zhou Wei , Li Jihua 
Published: May 2022

SummaryMangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W1/O/W2 emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL−1. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF‐loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF‐loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W1/O/W2 emulsions were investigated. The MGF‐loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF‐loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.