bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe acute hepatitis of unknown causes in children – Current findings, questions, opinions, and recommendations, a mini‐review
Authors: Zhaori Getu 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTSince October 2021 in Alabama, the United States, and March 2022 in central Scotland, the United Kingdom, the number of cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology/causes in children was found to increase, and the total number of cases has reached 920 worldwide by June 22 this year, 45 cases (5%) required liver transplantation, and 18 cases (2%) died according to World Health Organization (WHO). To understand the basic characteristics of this disease/syndrome, a literature search was performed at PubMed, websites of WHO, UK Health Security Agency, and US and European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and more than 20 reports were enrolled as references for this review. The main clinical manifestations are anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, and so forth. Most of the cases seemed to have a self‐limited course of the disease, about 6% of cases may develop life‐threatening acute liver failure. The disease seems to be transmissible from person to person. Human adenovirus was detected in up to 75% of cases, but this virus seems not to be the only and major etiologic agent, other cofactors probably are involved. Researchers proposed many hypotheses concerning the etiology and pathogenesis, and many important works and studies are ongoing. This mini‐review is aimed at summarizing, reviewing, and further understanding the characteristics of the disease, raising some clinically relevant questions, and trying to discuss some questions that may be related to the treatment of the disease for consideration.
Metabolomic profile of combined healthy lifestyle behaviours in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Kaspy Matthew S. , Semnani‐Azad Zhila , Malik Vasanti S. , Jenkins David J. A. , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA combination of healthy lifestyle behaviours (i.e., regular physical activity, nutritious diet, no smoking, moderate alcohol, and healthy body mass) has been consistently associated with beneficial health outcomes including reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Metabolomic profiles, characterized by distinct sets of biomarkers, have been described for healthy lifestyle behaviours individually and in combination. However, recent literature calls for systematic evaluation of these heterogenous data to identify potential clinical biomarkers relating to a combined healthy lifestyle. The objective was to systematically review existing literature on the metabolomic profile of combined healthy lifestyle behaviours. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched through March 2022. Studies in humans outlining the metabolomic profile of a combination of two or more healthy lifestyle behaviours were included. Collectively, the metabolomic profile following regular adherence to combined healthy lifestyle behaviours points to a positive association with beneficial fatty acids and phosphocreatine, and inverse associations with triglycerides, trimethylamine N‐oxide, and acylcarnitines. The findings suggest that a unique metabolomic profile is associated with combined healthy lifestyle behaviours. Additional research is warranted to further describe this metabolomic profile using targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches along with uniform definitions of combined healthy lifestyle variables across populations.
Modelling of Ratchet Growth in TATB‐Based Charge under Thermal Cycling
Authors: Wang Shuo , Yan Xilin , Lu Fangyun , Lei Siyang , Chen Rong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe TATB‐based explosives undergo irreversible volume growth upon a series of cyclic thermal loading known as ratchet growth and have been extensively studied. In the past, experimental elucidation of this phenomenon has focused on irreversible expansion as a function of the number of thermal excursions over a given temperature range, where growth is asymptotic with increasing cycle number. In this paper, we find that the ratchet growth of TATB‐based charge evolves associated with its dimension, and demonstrate that the growth can be modeled by a force‐thermal coupled calculation method. We have measured the strain response of four various size specimens, and the results show that irreversible strain on the smaller specimen grows more significantly and rapidly. Based on the equivalent relaxation model in which the relaxation stresses are regarded as functions of temperature and temperature gradient, we develop a force‐thermal coupled method for calculating the irreversible deformation. The relaxation model parameters were calibrated by comparing the calculations with the experimental measurements. We propose that it is the thermal expansion effect rather than thermal stress, which plays a dominant role in irreversible deformation. Further analysis indicated that the size effect of ratchet growth was not caused by temperature gradient, but was positively correlated with thermal excursions. The size effect of temperature distribution in the process of equivalent stress relaxation may be responsible for the size effect ratchet growth of TATB‐based charges. Such tests and analytical models should help to understand and predict the ratchet growth response for TATB‐based charges.
Are Islamic investments still safe assets during the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Khan Ashraf , Piserà Stefano , Chiaramonte Laura , Dreassi Alberto , Paltrinieri Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile looking for safe‐haven assets, the literature obtained mixed and varying results, changing from one period to the next, or one geographical area to another. Recently, this field of research grew even more, motivated by the changing environment resulting from the global financial crisis and the current COVID‐19 pandemic. We compare five Islamic and five conventional leading financial indexes for the period 2004–2020, covering both global and regional data (Asia‐Pacific, Europe, GCC, and the United States). By employing DCC GARCH and extended GARCH (1,1) models, we find a lower volatility and higher persistence in Islamic indexes when compared to their conventional alternatives, holding also when traditional safe‐haven assets are included in comparative terms and across geographical areas. We therefore provide robust evidence on the consistent behavior of Islamic assets: Their defensive properties remain and are even stronger in the current unprecedented and ongoing crisis.
A fractional representation approach to the robust regulation problem for multi‐input multi‐output systems
Authors: Laakkonen Petteri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is in developing unifying frequency domain theory for robust regulation of multi‐input multi‐output systems. The main theoretical results achieved are a new formulation of the internal model principle, solvability conditions for the robust regulation problem, and a parameterization of all robustly regulating controllers. The main results are formulated with minimal assumptions and without using coprime factorizations, thus guaranteeing their applicability with a very general class of systems. In addition to theoretical results, the design of robust controllers is addressed. The results are illustrated by two examples involving a delay and a heat equation.
Constrained multi‐observer‐based fault‐tolerant disturbance‐rejection control for rigid spacecraft
Authors: Lyu Bailiang , Yue Xiaokui , Liu Chuang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article develops a multi‐observer‐based fault‐tolerant disturbance‐rejection control strategy to solve the attitude stabilization problem of spacecraft subject to multisource complex disturbances, for example, external disturbance, measurement error, actuator fault, input constraint. First, two intermediate variables are introduced for multi‐observer design, so that the synergistic estimations of attitude information, actuator fault and external disturbance are obtained simultaneously. Then, a fault‐tolerant disturbance‐rejection control strategy is proposed based on the estimations, and an augmented closed‐loop system is derived. Afterwards, Lyapunov stability analysis is performed to prove the quadratic stability and robust performance, and corresponding conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is proved, where the input constraint is satisfied as well. Finally, numerical simulations of a spacecraft attitude control system are performed which demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed multi‐observer‐based control strategy.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Some New Isatin‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole Hybrids as VEGFR‐2 Aiming Anticancer Agents
Authors: Boda Sunitha , Nukala Satheesh Kumar , Manchal Ravinder 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of some new isatin‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole hybrids (3 a–n) in moderate to good yields via reaction between 3‐((1‐methyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)amino)propane nitrile and several aromatic carboxylic acids using the key reagents like NH2OH.HCl, Et3N and POCl3/DMF was described herein. The synthesized compounds were screened for the cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines such as A549, PC3, DU145 and MCF7. Among them, three compounds (3 d, 3 e and 3 l) were exhibited superior activity than the standard 5‐fluorouracil against all the cell lines. In vitro VGEFR‐2 tyrosine kinase assay on 3 d, 3 e and 3 l indicates that 3 l has more inhibiting power than the standard sorafenib.Further, in silico studies like molecular docking studies on VEGFRs and ADMET performed to know binding affinity towards VEGFRs and drug likeness properties.
Greenish‐Yellow Emitting Carbon Dots as ‘On‐Off‐On’ Fluorescent Probe for Selective Determination of Mercury (II) and Sulphide Ions
Authors: Naik Vaibhav M. , Waghmare Ravindra D. , Gore Anil H. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Kolekar Govind B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, we have reported a simple ratiometric yellow fluorescent probe based on carbon dots for selective determination of Hg2+ and S2− through a fluorescence ‘ON‐OFF‐ON’ strategy. The yellow emitting nitrogen doped carbon dots (Y‐NCD's) were synthesized by prolonged thermal carbonisation of p‐hydroxy benzoic acid and citric acid dissolved in ammonia solution at 180 °C. The purified Y‐NCD's shows excitation dependent emission with maximum intensity at 550 nm showing bright yellow fluorescence when excited at 480 nm. The linear response for detection of Hg2+ ions ranges from 0 to 260 nM with a detection limit of 27.2 nM whereas the linear range for sulphide ions is from 0 to 1.1 μM with limit of detection 0.11 μM. The proposed sensor show excellent applicability for real sample analysis with satisfactory results.
Polyester‐Based Polymer Composites for Gamma Shielding Applications ‐ A Substitute for Lead
Authors: Rajanna Ambika Madalakote , Ningaiah Nagaiah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTungsten oxide (WO3) filled Isophthalic polyester based polymer composites were fabricated by open mould cast technique. The gamma shielding ability of the composites was investigated using gamma ray spectrometer for 80, 127, 356, 662, 1170 & 1332 keV gamma rays in detail and several shielding parameters were estimated to decide the shielding effectiveness of the polymer composites. The results show that, the linear attenuation coefficient increases upon adding tungsten oxide into the matrix and decreases with increase in the energy of gamma photons and is found to be maximum for 80 keV gamma rays. The half value layer thickness, tenth value layer thickness and relaxation length were found to decrease with increase in the filler Wt %, whereas, they were found to increase with increase in energy. XCOM & WinXCOM computer codes were used to estimate the electron density and Zeff of the composites theoretically. ISO+50 Wt % WO3 composite is found to be just 18 % heavy with respect to lead and show better performance than lead at 80 keV and baryte at 127 keV and is almost comparable to steel and concrete in the higher energy range. Thus, lead (Pb) can be replaced by ISO+50 Wt % WO3 composite for low energy gamma shielding applications.
Role of the tensile constitutive modeling on the structural response of fiber reinforced concrete flat slabs: A numerical study
Authors: Zani Giulio , Martinelli Paolo , di Prisco Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor decades, fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) has been primarily used in elements for which the consequences of potential failure are minor, like slabs on grade and precast tunnel segments, just to name a few examples. With reference to slabs supported on walls and/or columns, the use of fibers as partial or main reinforcement has increased over the last 15 years. Despite the existence of advanced design codes like the fib Model Code 2010, experimental data, and standing buildings that prove the technical feasibility of FRC, there are still barriers for its use at a wider scale. Technical aspects such as the uncertainties in the identification procedure of FRC uniaxial tensile laws and the influence of the FRC post‐cracking strength class on the serviceability and ultimate limit states response are among the factors that prevent a larger diffusion of FRC. In this paper, the role played by several tensile post‐cracking constitutive models—among those most commonly used both in research and in design practice—on the structural response of FRC flat slabs is investigated. The effect of numerical modeling choices such as (i) the influence of shell or brick elements and (ii) the influence of material homogeneity or heterogeneity along the slab thickness on the structural response of FRC flat slabs is also examined.
Spin‐State Modulation in FeII‐Based Hofmann‐Type Coordination Polymers: From Molecules to Materials
Authors: Kumar Bhart , Paul Abhik , Mondal Dibya Jyoti , Paliwal Piyush , Konar Sanjit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpin crossover complexes that reversibly interconvert between two stable states imitate a binary state of 0 and 1, delivering a promising possibility to address the data processing concept in smart materials. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the modulation of magnetic transition between high spin and low spin and the factors responsible for stabilizing the spin states is an essential theme in modern materials design. In this context, the present review attempts to provide a concise outline of the design strategy employed at the molecular level for fine‐tuning the spin‐state switching in FeII‐based Hofmann‐type coordination polymers and their effects on the optical and magnetic response. In addition, development towards the nanoscale architectures of HCPs, i. e., in terms of nanoparticles and thin films, are emphasized to bridge the gap between the laboratory and reality.
Investigation of long‐term river water quality variations using different urbanization indices and assessment of common scientific perspectives of urbanization on water quality
Authors: Gomes Pattiyage I. A. , Karunatilaka P. D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the water quality variation spanning 30 years (1986–2017) in 16 catchments of Hong Kong against different urbanization indices, namely, built area fraction; population; and product of population and built area fraction. Pearson correlations of three different periods of time (1988–1990, 1998–2000, and 2015–2017) indicated that water quality trends were dependent on the urbanization index. Total solids, nitrite‐nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate had significant deteriorative trends (Pearson r > 0.5 and p < 0.05) with population and product of built area and population. Results also interpreted that built area fraction and product of built area and population were the worst and best indices that represented urbanization and/or its impacts, respectively. Mann‐Kendall test for the entire 30 year period showed that water quality had improved with time with respect to certain water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids). The results portrayed that although the urbanization of catchments had increased with time, the river water quality with respect to many parameters showed signs of improvement and the legislative measures implemented seemed to be effective in controlling pollution.
Nitrogen removal capacity and carbon demand requirements of partial denitrification/anammox MBBR and IFAS processes
Authors: Macmanus Justin , Long Chenghua , Klaus Stephanie , Parsons Michael , Chandran Kartik , De Clippeleir Haydee , Bott Charles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA pilot study was conducted to investigate the carbon demand requirements and nitrogen removal capabilities of two mainstream partial denitrification/anammox (PdNA) processes: a two‐zone, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process and an integrated fixed‐film activated sludge (IFAS) process. The first MBBR zone conducted PdNA, while the second operated as an anammox zone. Operation of the IFAS process was conducted in two phases. The first phase of the operation involved minor external carbon addition, while the second phase of the operation involved controlled external carbon addition. The MBBR process produced an average effluent TIN concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/TIN ratio of 2.81 ± 1.21 mg/L and 2.42 ± 0.77 g/g. The average effluent TIN concentrations and COD/TIN ratios for the IFAS process were 4.07 ± 1.66 mg/L and 1.08 ± 0.38 g/g during phase 1 and 3.30 ± 0.96 mg/L and 2.18 ± 0.99 g/g during phase 2. Despite having relatively low and unstable partial denitrification (PdN) efficiencies, both mainstream PdNA processes exhibited low effluent TIN concentrations and carbon requirements compared to nitrification/denitrification. Successful operation of the PdNA IFAS process indicates that mainstream PdNA can be implemented with minimal capital costs in a water resource recovery facility's second anoxic zone.Practitioner Points

Low effluent TIN concentrations can be maintained in mainstream PdNA MBBR and IFAS processes with low external carbon demand.
MBBR and IFAS PdNA processes do not require consistent or high PdN efficiencies to maintain low effluent TIN concentrations.
IFAS and MBBR PdNA processes exhibit similar TIN and NH3 removal efficiencies.
PdNA can be implemented in a second anoxic zone, using IFAS technology for anammox retention, with minimal capital costs.
Innovative Sample Designs for Studies of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Eckman Stephanie , Himelein Kristen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith record numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons in the world, it is more important than ever that policy makers, aid organizations, and advocacy groups have access to high-quality data about these vulnerable populations. However, refugee and internally-displaced persons settlements pose unique challenges to the selection of probability samples. These settlements can grow quickly, and registers often are not available or not up-to-date. Refugees who live in communities also are difficult to reach with a probability sample because they are hard to identify, contact, and interview. Drawing on recent data collection experiences, this chapter describes the sample designs that can address such challenges. We argue that the best sampling techniques are those that minimize interviewer discretion and contain built-in opportunities for verifying interviewer performance.
Leveraging the Web for Migration Studies: Data Sources and Data Extraction
Authors: Rinken Sebastian , Ortega José Luis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Web is an open and dynamic medium that offers great opportunities for accessing and extracting data for migration research. These opportunities are signposted by concepts such asbig dataoropen data, which incite researchers to envision the World Wide Web as a gigantic network of all kinds of datasets. However, many migration scholars are not familiar with the wealth of web-based resources or lack the operational expertise for actually leveraging these data for their research purposes. This chapter aims to highlight the benefits that migration researchers can obtain when embracing data science. After introducing key concepts, we first describe a range of data sources (theme-specific and generalist data banks, public data repositories, and search engines) of outstanding relevance for migration studies. Then, we explain the various techniques by means of which web-based datasets can be retrieved and stored. The chapter concludes by summarizing the advantages and potentialities of mining the Web for migration research, as well as related challenges and limitations.
SDG-12: Responsible Consumption and Production
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSDG-12, Responsible Consumption and Production, strives to break the current cycle of economic growth, resource usage and environmental degradation, which has fuelled unsustainable global development for decades. While producing countries bear responsibility for natural resource depletion, pollution and other negative consequences of their production, wealthy countries’ practical and legal responsibilities are significantly high due to their high consumption levels. An increase in consumption is often associated with an improved quality of life, which creates a conflict between the pillars of sustainable development and the environmental well-being of the planet. This issue becomes more complicated since cross-border resource management methods are more controversial than cooperative. This chapter presents the business models of 46 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-12. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
Shock loss measurements in non-ideal supersonic flows of organic vapors
Authors: Conti Camilla C. , Fusetti Alberto , Spinelli Andrea , Guardone Alberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the first ever direct measurements of total pressure losses across shocks in supersonic flows of organic vapors in non-ideal conditions, so in the thermodynamic region close to the liquid–vapor saturation curve and the critical point where the ideal gas law is not applicable. Experiments were carried out with fluid siloxane MM (hexamethyldisiloxane, C$$_6$$

6

H$$_{18}$$

18

OSi$$_2$$

2

), commonly employed in medium-/high-temperature organic Rankine cycles (ORCs), in the Test Rig for Organic VApors (TROVA), a blowdown wind tunnel at the Laboratory of Compressible fluid dynamics for Renewable Energy Applications (CREA lab) of Politecnico di Milano. A total pressure probe was inserted in superheated MM vapor flow at Mach number $$\sim 1.5$$

∼
1.5

with total conditions in the range $$215-230~^\circ \hbox {C}$$

215
-
230

∘

C

and $$2-12~\hbox {bar}$$

2
-
12

bar

at varying levels of non-ideality, with a compressibility factor evaluated at total conditions between $$Z_\text {T}=0.68-0.98$$

Z
T

=
0.68
-
0.98

. These operating conditions are representative of the first-stage stator of ORC turbines. Measured shock losses were compared with those calculated from pre-shock quantities by solving conservation equations across a normal shock, with differences always below $$2 \%$$

2
%

attesting a satisfactory reliability of the implemented experimental procedure. An in-depth analysis was then carried out, highlighting the direct effects of non-ideality on shock intensity. Even at the mildly non-ideal conditions with $$Z_\text {T}\gtrsim 0.70$$

Z
T

≳
0.70

considered here, non-ideality was responsible for a significantly stronger shock compared to the ideal gas limit at same pre-shock Mach number, with differences as large as $$6\%$$

6
%

.
Graphical abstract