bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidural unilateral stimulation with “adaptive stim” option in treatment of type II CRPS
Authors: Simonyan Armen Samvelovich , Tyurnikov Vladimir Mikhaylovich , Simonyan Anna Dmitrievna , Gushcha Artem Olegovich 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCRPS is a type of severe pain syndrome and can be triggered by previous surgery or trauma. CRPS involves vasomotor changes such as changes in color and temperature of the skin, edema, increased sensitivity to touch, and a limited range of movement. Depending on the presence of nerve damage, CRPS is divided into two types. CRPS type II is associated with a confirmed peripheral nerve injury, while CRPS type I is not associated with an apparent peripheral nerve injury. Despite the ongoing therapy, sometimes, patients still have persistent, burning pain. Intractable CRPS that fail more conservative treatments may undergo neuromodulation. We want to present to your attention a case report of the successful treatment of a patient with CRPS type II using epidural unilateral stimulation. The 44‐year‐old woman came to us with complaints of burning pain and numbness of 1–3 fingers of the right hand, the lateral surface of the right wrist, and lower quarter of the forearm, and shooting pain in the projection of the right median nerve from the shoulder to the wrist. A clinical diagnosis was made—CRPS type II. During the stimulation trial, the most effective pain relief was obtained when the electrode was located in the right side of epidural space at the C4‐Th1 level. The implantation of a pulse generator was performed, and the final selection of the stimulation parameters was carried out (Pulse width: 60 ms, Rate: 210 Hz, and Amplitude: 0.9–1.6 V). The severity of pain syndrome was measured using validated scales in the preoperative period (VAS: 8–9, Pain Detect: 22, NTSS‐9: 4.62, and DN4: 8), in the early postoperative period (VAS: 0–1, Pain Detect: 6, NTSS −9: 0.66, and DN4: 1), and after 12 months (VAS: 0–2, Pain Detect: 6, NTSS‐9: 0.99, and DN4: 1). Observation during 12 months showed that a stable analgesic effect of neurostimulation was achieved using standard neuromodulation regimens and the adaptive stim option. Unilateral stimulation is an effective type of SCS in the treatment of pain syndromes. adaptive stim is usually not applicable for lead implantation at the cervical level. Nevertheless, the rational use of stimulation at threshold values allowed our patient to use adaptive stim in a non‐standard situation.
Copper Deposition on Au(111) in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: An In Situ STM Study**
Authors: Tan Zhuo , Liu Shuai , Wu Jiedu , Nan Ziang , Yang Fangzu , Zhan Dongping , Yan Jiawei , Mao Bingwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectrolyte composition can have significant influences on metal deposition. In this work we employ in‐situ scanning tunneling microscope (STM), together with electrochemical methods to investigate Cu deposition on Au (111) in ethaline containing CuCl2. Cyclic voltammograms in the Cu overpotential deposition regime are dominated by a rapidly rising cathodic current, accompanied by a preceding shoulder. Instantaneous nucleation and three‐dimensional growth are discerned for the Cu deposition at larger overpotential. In‐situ STM reveals the shoulder process is associated with the formation of monoatomic‐height clusters. Meanwhile, morphology evolutions of Cu nuclei along with time and potential are followed, and layered hexagonal and hexagon fortress shaped Cu nuclei and their growth are directly observed. Furthermore, atomic‐resolution imaging elucidates an ordered incommensurate (6×√79) adsorption structure on the surface of a Cu nucleus. Our observations are helpful in gaining deeper insights into the effect of deep eutectic solvents (DES) on Cu deposition at microscopic level.
Regulation of hydrogen evolution performance of titanium oxide–carbon composites at high current density with a Ti–O hybrid orbital
Authors: Liu Meichen , Lei Zhiping , Ke Qingping , Cui Peixin , Wang Jiancheng , Yan Jingchong , Li Zhanku , Shui Hengfu , Ren Shibiao , Wang Zhicai , Kong Ying , Kang Shigang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRational design and controllable synthesis of practical electrodes with high stability and activity at high current density for a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are critical for renewable and sustainable energy conversion. However, high‐performance TiO2‐based electrocatalysts for HER are quite limited, and the catalytic active centers still remain elusive. Herein, a simple strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of TiO2–carbon composite (TiO2/C) with high HER performance and stability. The remarkable HER performance of TiO2/C can be ascribed to the doping of carbon atoms, which leads to stronger hybridization of Ti 3d and O 2p orbitals, thus substantially improving the electrocatalytic efficiency. This study elucidates that the hydrogen evolution activity of oxide electrocatalysts can be largely improved by regulating their electronic structures by doping carbon atoms and also provides an effective strategy for designing heterostructured electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and stability at high current density for HER.
Influence of CO2‐Rich Syngas on the Selectivity to C10–C14 in a Coupled Fischer‐Tropsch/Hydrocracking Process
Authors: Stadler Tabea J. , Bertin‐Mente Barbara , Dittmeyer Roland , Brübach Lucas T. , Böltken Tim , Pfeifer Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSynthesis gas (syngas) used for the production of synthetic fuels may contain significant amounts of CO2, depending on its source. For Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis on cobalt, CO2 can be considered as inert diluent. However, in the specific case of a coupled Fischer‐Tropsch‐hydrocracking (FT‐HC) process, CO2 could interact with the catalyst in the HC step. In this experimental study, HC product distributions obtained for FT‐syngas compositions with and without CO2 and N2 are presented. The selected feed gas compositions result from an advanced syngas production route via plasma splitting of CO2. Main target product was kerosene, here being defined as C10–C14. It was found that the CO2 presence is negligible with regard to adsorption or reaction on the HC catalyst. Further insights into possible impacts of CO2 could be obtained from the analysis of alcohols in the aqueous phase.
Polyethylenimine Functionalized Ultrasmall Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Chang Qing , Liu Chenghao , Xie Zhiquan , Shu Qingfeng , Xie Yijun , Su Qianqian , Deng Xiaoyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmall interfering RNA (siRNA) for gene therapy has attracted great attention. However, due to easy degradation and inaccessibility to the cells, the gene silencing efficiency is not always satisfactory. To overcome this hurdle, developing an excellent nanocarrier to deliver siRNA into cancer cells is crucial. Fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles are considered to be a superb nanocarrier for siRNA delivery systems because of its negligible toxicity and good biocompatibility. Herein, we developed an efficient fluorescent ultrasmall mesoporous silica nanocarrier for siRNA loading and delivery. The ultrasmall nanocarriers with polyethylenimine coating have a uniform size of about 10 nm. We find that the amino groups on polyethylenimine can protect siRNA from being degraded. Based on the fluorescence observation, we show that polyethylenimine‐coated mesoporous silica nanocarrier loaded with siRNA can be uptake by 293T cells. Importantly, we also prove that siRNA can be delivered into 293T cells by our nanocarrier and subsequently inhibit the expression of related genes. The study provides insights into the development of nonviral fluorescence nanocarriers for siRNA delivery, which have important implications for targeted cancer therapy.
Is set‐shifting a risk factor for anorexia nervosa or a broader range of disordered eating?
Authors: Field Alison E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSteegers et al. using data from the Generation R cohort study examined whether set‐shifting difficulties at age 4 predict body dissatisfaction, weight status, and restrictive eating at age 9 as a way to examine whether cognitive rigidity was a risk factor for an eating disorder. The authors concluded that set‐shifting difficulties problems were predictive of features of anorexia nervosa. An alternative interpretation is that set shifting is predictive of large weight changes and eating behaviors more generally. It is not clear that set‐shifting predicts becoming underweight. Set shifting appears protective against larger weight gains. It is possible that set shifting is related to degree to which the children resist the myriad of cues to eat for reasons other than hunger. Whether this is due to a higher degree of awareness, genetics, or other reasons should be investigated. The results demonstrate that the cognitive process that relate to restrictive behaviors are complex. To better understand those relationships, it will be essential for the field to adopt a conceptualization of eating disorders that includes the earliest stages (disordered eating) of the full range of eating disorders.
Predator–prey interactions of terrestrial invertebrates are determined by predator body size and species identity
Authors: Miller‐ter Kuile Ana , Apigo Austen , Bui An , DiFiore Bartholomew , Forbes Elizabeth S. , Lee Michelle , Orr Devyn , Preston Daniel L. , Behm Rachel , Bogar Taylor , Childress Jasmine , Dirzo Rodolfo , Klope Maggie , Lafferty Kevin D. , McLaughlin John , Morse Marisa , Motta Carina , Park Kevin , Plummer Katherine , Weber David , Young Ronny , Young Hillary 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPredator–prey interactions shape ecosystems and can help maintain biodiversity. However, for many of the earth's most biodiverse and abundant organisms, including terrestrial arthropods, these interactions are difficult or impossible to observe directly with traditional approaches. Based on previous theory, it is likely that predator–prey interactions for these organisms are shaped by a combination of predator traits, including body size and species‐specific hunting strategies. In this study, we combined diet DNA metabarcoding data of 173 individual invertebrate predators from nine species (a total of 305 individual predator–prey interactions) with an extensive community body size data set of a well‐described invertebrate community to explore how predator traits and identity shape interactions. We found that (1) mean size of prey families in the field usually scaled with predator size, with species‐specific variation to a general size‐scaling relationship (exceptions likely indicating scavenging or feeding on smaller life stages). We also found that (2) although predator hunting traits, including web and venom use, are thought to shape predator–prey interaction outcomes, predator identity more strongly influenced our indirect measure of the relative size of predators and prey (predator:prey size ratios) than either of these hunting traits. Our findings indicate that predator body size and species identity are important in shaping trophic interactions in invertebrate food webs and could help predict how anthropogenic biodiversity change will influence terrestrial invertebrates, the earth's most diverse animal taxonomic group.
Next steps in the footprint project: A feasibility study of installing solar panels on Bath Abbey
Authors: Smiles Matthew J. , Law Adam M. , Urwick Adam N. , Thomas Luke , Irvine Lewis A. D. , Pilot Matthew T. , Bowman Alan R. , Walker Alison B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReduction of the carbon footprint of historic buildings is urgent, given their exceptionally large energy demand. In this study, the performance and cost of a roof mounted photovoltaic system has been simulated for Bath Abbey, a grade I listed building, to test the financial viability of installing such a system. The electrical output of the panels was generated by the software package PVsyst with inputs such as the known dimensions of the Abbey, historical weather data, the orientation of the Abbey's roof, module azimuthal and tilt angles and shading by the spire and roof features. An important result is that even though the roof is not shadowed by other buildings, shading causes a 19% loss of peak power. This model was used to determine a recommended configuration comprising 164 solar panels, separated into two subsystems located on two parts of the roof, each with an inverter. Its predicted electrical output, 45 ± 2 MWh generated in the first year of operation, formed the basis of a cost–benefit analysis. This system will become profitable after 13.3 ± 0.6 years and provide a profit of £139,000 ± £12,000 over its 25‐year lifetime. Financial stress tests were performed for key assumptions to ensure that this result was true in all likely scenarios. This result shows that it is likely to make financial sense to install a photovoltaic system on a historic grade I listed building.
Anthropological genetic insights on Caribbean population history
Authors: Nieves‐Colón Maria A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the last American region settled by humans, yet the first to experience European colonization, the Caribbean islands have a complex history characterized by continuous migration, admixture, and demographic change. In the last 20 years, genetics research has transformed our understanding of Caribbean population history and revisited major debates in Caribbean anthropology, such as those surrounding the first peopling of the Antilles and the relationship between ancient Indigenous communities and present‐day islanders. Genetics studies have also contributed novel perspectives for understanding pivotal events in Caribbean post‐contact history such as European colonization, the Atlantic Slave Trade, and the Asian Indenture system. Here, I discuss the last 20 years of Caribbean genetics research and emphasize the importance of integrating genetics with interdisciplinary historic, archaeological, and anthropological approaches. Such interdisciplinary research is essential for investigating the dynamic history of the Caribbean and characterizing its impact on the biocultural diversity of present‐day Caribbean peoples.
An innovative electrically conductive biopolymer based on poly(β‐cyclodextrin) towards recognition of ascorbic acid in real sample: Utilization of biocompatible advanced materials in biomedical analysis
Authors: Behyar Milad Baghal , Kholafazad‐kordasht Houman , Hassanpour Soodabeh , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, a sensitive platform was designed for the electrocatalytical oxidation and recognition of ascorbic acid (AA) based on poly(β‐cyclodextrin) modified glassy carbon electrode (p(β‐CD‐GCE). Electropolymerization of β‐CD on the surface of GCE was performed on the potential range of −1 to 1.5 V. So, a novel biopolymer was prepared on the surface of GCE towards sensitive recognition of AA in human plasma samples. The developed platform has good sensitivity and accuracy for electrooxidation and detection of AA with lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 nM and linear range of 1 nM to 100 mM. Moreover, the designed electrochemical sensor was employed for the analysis of AA on human plasma samples with high sensitivity. Based on advantages of p(β‐CD) prepared by electropolymerization procedure (green, fast, homogeny, and efficient eletrocatalytical behaviour), this conductive biopolymer showed excellent analytical behaviour towards electrooxidation of AA. It is expected that the prepared polymeric interface is able to use in the analysis of biological species in clinical samples.
The impact of foreign competition on domestic firms' product quality: Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment in the United States
Authors: Lam Hugo K. S. , Ding Li , Dong Zhaoyingzi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearchers have investigated various factors that explain the variation in product quality across firms, but little is known about how competition from companies located in other countries may affect domestic firms' product quality. Although such foreign competition has received much attention from news media and the public, especially during the recent United States (US)–China trade war, its impact on product quality is still unclear. Our research answers this important question by conducting a quasi‐natural experiment in the US, in which significant reductions in import tariff rates represent an exogenous increase in foreign competition for US firms. Performing a difference‐in‐differences estimation of the difference in product quality changes between treatment and control firms, our research shows that increased foreign competition has a negative impact on the product quality of the US firms concerned. However, such a negative impact is less significant for firms with high levels of operational slack and R&D intensity. Firms pursuing product differentiation rather than cost leadership strategies are also less affected by foreign competition. Overall, our research demonstrates foreign competition's negative impact on product quality and highlights the crucial role that firms' operational resources and strategies play in mitigating the negative impact.
A novel single‐feed filtering dielectric resonator antenna using slotline‐loaded coupling structure
Authors: Wang Chuanyun , Zhang Yonghua , Han Zhiwen , Chen Guibin , Guan Xuehui , Ren Baoping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel single‐feed filtering dielectric resonator antenna (FDRA) using fusion design method and the microstrip‐slot coupled feeding structure. Two pairs of slotlines are elaborately designed and perpendicularly loaded on the coupling slot to provide two radiation nulls at the edges of the passband. Therefore, a compact DRA with a quasi‐elliptic function bandpass response is constructed without extra filter circuits. Furthermore, two radiation nulls can be individually controlled through changing the length of the corresponding slotlines. For proving the effectiveness of the design, a prototype FDRA operation at 3.45 GHz is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the peak realized gain is 5.84 dBi and the ‐10dB impedance bandwidth is 10.29% (3.29 ‐ 3.65 GHz). The proposed FDRA not only has good performance, but also has simple design.
Deep neural networks for magnetic resonance elastography acceleration in thermal‐ablation monitoring
Authors: Shan Xiang , Yang Jinying , Xu Peng , Hu Liangliang , Ge Haitao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop a deep neural network for accelerating magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) acquisition, to validate the ability to generate reliable MRE results with the down‐sampled k‐space data, and to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in monitoring the stiffness changes during thermal ablation in a phantom study.Materials and methodsMRE scans were performed with 60 Hz excitation on porcine ex‐vivo liver gel phantoms in a 0.36T MRI scanner to generate the training dataset. The acquisition protocol was based on a spin‐echo MRE pulse sequence with tailored motion‐sensitive gradients to reduce echo time (TE). A U‐Net based deep neural network was developed and trained to interpolate the missing data from down‐sampled k‐space. We calculated the errors of 80 sets magnitude/phase images reconstructed from the zero‐filled, compressive sensing (CS) and deep learning (DL) method for comparison. The peak signal‐to‐noise rate (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) of the magnitude/phase images were also calculated for comparison. The stiffness changes were recorded before, during, and after ablation. The mean stiffness values over the region of interest (ROI) were compared between the elastograms reconstructed from the fully sampled k‐space and interpolated k‐space after thermal ablation.ResultsThe mean absolute error (MAE), PSNR, and SSIM of the proposed DL approach were significantly better than the results from the zero‐filled method (p < 0.0001) and CS (p < 0.0001). The stiffness changes before and after thermal ablation assessed by the proposed approach (before: 7.7±1.1 kPa, after: 11.9±4.0 kPa, 4.2‐kPa increase) gave close agreement with the values calculated from the fully sampled data (before: 8.0±1.0 kPa, after: 12.6±4.2 kPa, 4.6‐kPa increase). In contrast, the stiffness changes computed from the zero‐filled method (before: 4.9±1.4 kPa, after: 5.6±2.8 kPa, 0.7‐kPa increase) were substantially underestimated.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the capability of the proposed DL method for rapid MRE acquisition and provided a promising solution for monitoring the MRI‐guided thermal ablation.
Critical Thermal Maximum Values for Stream Fishes, Including Distinct Populations of Smallmouth Bass
Authors: Brewer Shannon K. , Mollenhauer Robert , Alexander Justin , Moore Desiree 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Understanding the thermal tolerances of stream fishes, including sport fishes, is important for assessing thermal stressors that are common across the landscape. Our study objectives were to determine the thermal tolerances of 17 stream fishes (15 species and 2 genetically distinct populations of juvenile Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu: the Neosho subspecies M. dolomieu velox and the Ouachita strain M. sp. cf. dolomieu velox). Fish were collected from the field and acclimated to laboratory conditions at 20°C or 25°C, with dissolved oxygen maintained above 6 mg/L. We determined the critical thermal maximum (CTM) using an incomplete block design with 9–11 replications for each species. During trials, we increased the water temperature at a rate of 2°C per hour until fish experienced loss of equilibrium. The estimated CTM ranged from 32.43°C to 38.26°C among species. The CTM values differed significantly between taxonomic groups and species, including the genetically distinct populations of Smallmouth Bass. The Neosho subspecies of Smallmouth Bass had a significantly lower thermal tolerance than the Ouachita strain at both acclimation temperatures; however, the magnitude of the difference was about 0.5°C greater at the higher acclimation temperature. Closely related species, including the Bigeye Shiner Notropis boops and Kiamichi Shiner N. ortenburgeri, had significantly different thermal tolerances despite occupying similar riverine locations. Our results suggest that our perceptions of a species’ thermal tolerance based on that of closely related species or that of species using similar habitat may be incorrect. Moreover, the differences in thermal tolerances among populations may be an important consideration for conservation and management actions, such as stocking decisions. Laboratory data such as those provided in this study can be integrated with field data to better assess thermal responses of fishes in a changing environment.
MAKO robotic assisted total hip replacement (THR) for patients with fused hips
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Cai Xun‐Zi , Wang Wei , Wu Hao‐Bo , Wu Li‐Dong , Ye Zhao‐Ming , Yan Shi‐Gui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious articles about MAKO robotic‐assisted total hip replacement (THR) were mainly in patients with comparatively normal anatomy.MethodsFrom July 2020 to June 2021, we performed MAKO robotic‐assisted THR in three hip‐fused patients. We assessed the accuracy of prostheses implantation, collected clinical data, and discussed the value of this technique in this kind of patients.ResultAll three patients achieved good leg length and prostheses position. A patient got femoral artery injury during the surgery. Moreover, she developed a thrombus. All three patients got acceptable Visual Analogue Scale scores and function recovery 6 months later.ConclusionMAKO robotic‐assisted THR achieved excellent prosthesis position in hip fused patients. More cases are needed to confirm this advantage. The function recovery was acceptable. Caution should be paid to protect the surrounding abnormal arteries, especially in a limited surgical field.