bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formamidinium lead triiodide perovskites with improved structural stabilities and photovoltaic properties obtained by ultratrace dimethylamine substitution
Authors: Qiao Wen-Cheng , Liang Jia-Qi , Dong Wei , Ma Kaiyang , Wang Xue Lu , Yao Ye-Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractApplications of organic–inorganic formamidinium (FA) lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskites in high-efficiency solar cells often suffer from spontaneous α-to-δ phase transitions. However, current efforts to inhibit this phenomenon based on simple cation and anion alloying strategies continue to suffer from unintended consequences, such as unfavorable shifts in the bandgap energy and unwanted phase separation during operation. The present work compares the effects of bromine (Br) anion and dimethylamine (DMA) cation alloying on the structure and properties of FAPbI3 perovskite in detail. DMA-incorporated FAPbI3 perovskites show significantly improved structural stability and photovoltaic performance, while the inherent bandgap energy of the original material is maintained. Rigorous analyses demonstrate that the relatively large size and free isotropic motion of the incorporated DMA cations constrain the dynamic space of neighboring FA cations, which increases the degree to which the FA cations interact with the inorganic lattice and therefore stabilizes the PbI6 lattice structure without significant lattice distortion. Hence, this work demonstrates an efficient method for improving the phase stability of FAPbI3 perovskite materials while providing a plausible molecular mechanism for the stability engendered by the alloying of DMA and FA.
Bioinspired macromolecular templates for crystallographic orientation control of ZnO thin films through zinc hydroxide carbonate
Authors: Mikami Takahiro , Matsumura Shunichi , Ichikawa Rino , Kato Riki , Uchida Junya , Nishimura Tatsuya , Kato Takashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biomineralization-inspired preparation of inorganic hybrid materials has attracted attention. Here, we report a new approach to the orientation control of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin-film crystals through the preparation of zinc hydroxide carbonate (ZHC) by the macromolecular templates of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Using 100-nm-thick PHEMA templates, ZHC thin films with thec-axis oriented parallel to the substrate were obtained, while ZHC thin films prepared by 100-nm-thick PVA templates showed perpendicular orientation. After the thermal treatment of ZHC, the crystal orientations of the ZnO thin films were maintained. The effects of the thickness and annealing time for the polymer templates on the morphologies of the ZnO thin films were examined.
A COL4A1 variant in a neonate with multiple intracranial hemorrhages and congenital cataracts
Authors: Yakabe Ayane , Ikuse Tamaki , Ito Natsuki , Yamada Hiromichi , Saito Nobutomo , Kitamura Yuri , Iwasaki Tomohiro , Ikeno Mitsuru , Suganuma Hiroki , Abe Shinpei , Miyazaki Nao , Hisata Ken , Shoji Hiromichi , Nakazawa Tomoyuki , Eguchi Hidetaka , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 2-day-old neonate presented with seizures, multiple intracranial hemorrhages, and bilateral congenital cataracts. Targeted next-generation sequencing of the collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1) gene revealed a heterozygous de novo missense variant (NM_001845.6:c.2291G>A/p.Gly764Asp). This missense variant adds to the compendium of COL4A1 variants and is associated with a COL4A1-related disorder.
Room-temperature high-precision printing of flexible wireless electronics based on MXene inks
Authors: Shao Yuzhou , Wei Lusong , Wu Xinyue , Jiang Chengmei , Yao Yao , Peng Bo , Chen Han , Huangfu Jiangtao , Ying Yibin , Zhang Chuanfang John , Ping Jianfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWireless technologies-supported printed flexible electronics are crucial for the Internet of Things (IoTs), human-machine interaction, wearable and biomedical applications. However, the challenges to existing printing approaches remain, such as low printing precision, difficulty in conformal printing, complex ink formulations and processes. Here we present a room-temperature direct printing strategy for flexible wireless electronics, where distinct high-performance functional modules (e.g., antennas, micro-supercapacitors, and sensors) can be fabricated with high resolution and further integrated on various flat/curved substrates. The additive-free titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene aqueous inks are regulated with large single-layer ratio (>90%) and narrow flake size distribution, offering metallic conductivity (~6, 900 S cm−1) in the ultrafine-printed tracks (3 μm line gap and 0.43% spatial uniformity) without annealing. In particular, we build an all-MXene-printed integrated system capable of wireless communication, energy harvesting, and smart sensing. This work opens a door for high-precision additive manufacturing of printed wireless electronics at room temperature.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus colonisation antagonizes Candida albicans by forcing metabolic adaptations that compromise pathogenicity
Authors: Alonso-Roman Raquel , Last Antonia , Mirhakkak Mohammad H. , Sprague Jakob L. , Möller Lars , Großmann Peter , Graf Katja , Gratz Rena , Mogavero Selene , Vylkova Slavena , Panagiotou Gianni , Schäuble Sascha , Hube Bernhard , Gresnigt Mark S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntestinal microbiota dysbiosis can initiate overgrowth of commensal Candida species – a major predisposing factor for disseminated candidiasis. Commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus can antagonize Candida albicans pathogenicity. Here, we investigate the interplay between C. albicans, L. rhamnosus, and intestinal epithelial cells by integrating transcriptional and metabolic profiling, and reverse genetics. Untargeted metabolomics and in silico modelling indicate that intestinal epithelial cells foster bacterial growth metabolically, leading to bacterial production of antivirulence compounds. In addition, bacterial growth modifies the metabolic environment, including removal of C. albicans’ favoured nutrient sources. This is accompanied by transcriptional and metabolic changes in C. albicans, including altered expression of virulence-related genes. Our results indicate that intestinal colonization with bacteria can antagonize C. albicans by reshaping the metabolic environment, forcing metabolic adaptations that reduce fungal pathogenicity.
Tailoring electron beams with high-frequency self-assembled magnetic charged particle micro optics
Authors: Huber R. , Kern F. , Karnaushenko D. D. , Eisner E. , Lepucki P. , Thampi A. , Mirhajivarzaneh A. , Becker C. , Kang T. , Baunack S. , Büchner B. , Karnaushenko D. , Schmidt O. G. , Lubk A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTunable electromagnets and corresponding devices, such as magnetic lenses or stigmators, are the backbone of high-energy charged particle optical instruments, such as electron microscopes, because they provide higher optical power, stability, and lower aberrations compared to their electric counterparts. However, electromagnets are typically macroscopic (super-)conducting coils, which cannot generate swiftly changing magnetic fields, require active cooling, and are structurally bulky, making them unsuitable for fast beam manipulation, multibeam instruments, and miniaturized applications. Here, we present an on-chip microsized magnetic charged particle optics realized via a self-assembling micro-origami process. These micro-electromagnets can generate alternating magnetic fields of about ±100 mT up to a hundred MHz, supplying sufficiently large optical power for a large number of charged particle optics applications. That particular includes fast spatiotemporal electron beam modulation such as electron beam deflection, focusing, and wave front shaping as required for stroboscopic imaging.
Proteomic and functional analyses of the periodic membrane skeleton in neurons
Authors: Zhou Ruobo , Han Boran , Nowak Roberta , Lu Yunzhe , Heller Evan , Xia Chenglong , Chishti Athar H. , Fowler Velia M. , Zhuang Xiaowei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractActin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) in neurons. The molecular composition and functions of the MPS remain incompletely understood. Here, using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified hundreds of potential candidate MPS-interacting proteins that span diverse functional categories. We examined representative proteins in several of these categories using super-resolution imaging, including previously unknown MPS structural components, as well as motor proteins, cell adhesion molecules, ion channels, and signaling proteins, and observed periodic distributions characteristic of the MPS along the neurites for ~20 proteins. Genetic perturbations of the MPS and its interacting proteins further suggested functional roles of the MPS in axon-axon and axon-dendrite interactions and in axon diameter regulation, and implicated the involvement of MPS interactions with cell adhesion molecules and non-muscle myosin in these roles. These results provide insights into the interactome of the MPS and suggest previously unknown functions of the MPS in neurons.
Deep neural network trained on gigapixel images improves lymph node metastasis detection in clinical settings
Authors: Huang Shih-Chiang , Chen Chi-Chung , Lan Jui , Hsieh Tsan-Yu , Chuang Huei-Chieh , Chien Meng-Yao , Ou Tao-Sheng , Chen Kuang-Hua , Wu Ren-Chin , Liu Yu-Jen , Cheng Chi-Tung , Huang Yu-Jen , Tao Liang-Wei , Hwu An-Fong , Lin I-Chieh , Hung Shih-Hao , Yeh Chao-Yuan , Chen Tse-Ching 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pathological identification of lymph node (LN) metastasis is demanding and tedious. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) possess considerable potential in improving the process, the ultrahigh-resolution of whole slide images hinders the development of a clinically applicable solution. We design an artificial-intelligence-assisted LN assessment workflow to facilitate the routine counting of metastatic LNs. Unlike previous patch-based approaches, our proposed method trains CNNs by using 5-gigapixel images, obviating the need for lesion-level annotations. Trained on 5907 LN images, our algorithm identifies metastatic LNs in gastric cancer with a slide-level area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9936. Clinical experiments reveal that the workflow significantly improves the sensitivity of micrometastasis identification (81.94% to 95.83%, P < .001) and isolated tumor cells (67.95% to 96.15%, P < .001) in a significantly shorter review time (−31.5%, P < .001). Cross-site evaluation indicates that the algorithm is highly robust (AUC = 0.9829).
Coherent response of the electronic system driven by non-interfering laser pulses
Authors: Eul Tobias , Prinz Eva , Hartelt Michael , Frisch Benjamin , Aeschlimann Martin , Stadtmüller Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe strength of light–matter interaction in condensed matter is fundamentally linked to the orientation and oscillation strength of the materials’ optical transition dipoles. Structurally anisotropic materials, e.g., elongated molecules, exhibit optical transition dipoles with fixed orientations that govern the angular-dependent light–matter interaction. Contrary, free electron-like metals should exhibit isotropic light–matter interaction with the light fields dictating the orientation of the optical transition dipoles. Here, we demonstrate that an anisotropic direction of the optical transition dipoles even exists in highly free electron-like noble metal surfaces. Our time- and phase-resolved photoemission experiment reveals coherent interference effects on the (110)-oriented silver surface after optical excitation with two non-interfering cross-polarized pulses. We explain this coherent material response within the density matrix formalism by an intrinsic coupling of the non-interfering light fields mediated by optical transition dipoles with fixed orientations in silver.
Magnetic field screening in hydrogen-rich high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Minkov V. S. , Bud’ko S. L. , Balakirev F. F. , Prakapenka V. B. , Chariton S. , Husband R. J. , Liermann H. P. , Eremets M. I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the last few years, the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, of hydrogen-rich compounds has increased dramatically, and is now approaching room temperature. However, the pressures at which these materials are stable exceed one million atmospheres and limit the number of available experimental studies. Superconductivity in hydrides has been primarily explored by electrical transport measurements, whereas magnetic properties, one of the most important characteristic of a superconductor, have not been satisfactory defined. Here, we develop SQUID magnetometry under extreme high-pressure conditions and report characteristic superconducting parameters for Im-3m-H3S and Fm-3m-LaH10—the representative members of two families of high-temperature superconducting hydrides. We determine a lower critical field Hc1 of ∼0.82 T and ∼0.55 T, and a London penetration depth λL of ∼20 nm and ∼30 nm in H3S and LaH10, respectively. The small values of λL indicate a high superfluid density in both hydrides. These compounds have the values of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ ∼12–20 and belong to the group of “moderate” type II superconductors, rather than being hard superconductors as would be intuitively expected from their high Tcs.
Longitudinal evidence that Event Related Potential measures of self-regulation do not predict everyday goal pursuit
Authors: Saunders Blair , Milyavskaya Marina , Inzlicht Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelf-regulation has been studied across levels of analysis; however, little attention has been paid to the extent to which self-report, neural, and behavioral indices predict goal pursuit in real-life. We use a mixed-method approach (N = 201) to triangulate evidence among established measures of different aspects of self-regulation to predict both the process of goal pursuit using experience sampling, as well as longer-term goal progress at 1, 3, and 6-month follow-ups. While self-reported trait self-control predicts goal attainment months later, we observe a null relationship between longitudinal goal attainment and ERPs associated with performance-monitoring and reactivity to positive/rewarding stimuli. Despite evidence that these ERPs are reliable and trait-like, and despite theorizing that suggests otherwise, our findings suggest that these ERPs are not meaningfully associated with everyday goal attainment. These findings challenge the ecological validity of brain measures thought to assess aspects of self-regulation.
Large-scale multi-omics analysis suggests specific roles for intragenic cohesin in transcriptional regulation
Authors: Wang Jiankang , Bando Masashige , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Nakato Ryuichiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCohesin, an essential protein complex for chromosome segregation, regulates transcription through a variety of mechanisms. It is not a trivial task to assign diverse cohesin functions. Moreover, the context-specific roles of cohesin-mediated interactions, especially on intragenic regions, have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we perform a comprehensive characterization of cohesin binding sites in several human cell types. We integrate epigenomic, transcriptomic and chromatin interaction data to explore the context-specific functions of intragenic cohesin related to gene activation. We identify a specific subset of cohesin binding sites, decreased intragenic cohesin sites (DICs), which are negatively correlated with transcriptional regulation. A subgroup of DICs is enriched with enhancer markers and RNA polymerase II, while the others are more correlated to chromatin architecture. DICs are observed in various cell types, including cells from patients with cohesinopathy. We also implement machine learning to our data and identified genomic features for isolating DICs from all cohesin sites. These results suggest a previously unidentified function of cohesin on intragenic regions for transcriptional regulation.
Slowdown of photoexcited spin dynamics in the non-collinear spin-ordered phases in skyrmion host GaV4S8
Authors: Sekiguchi Fumiya , Budzinauskas Kestutis , Padmanabhan Prashant , Versteeg Rolf B. , Tsurkan Vladimir , Kézsmárki István , Foggetti Francesco , Artyukhin Sergey , van Loosdrecht Paul H. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFormation of magnetic order alters the character of spin excitations, which then affects transport properties. We investigate the photoexcited ultrafast spin dynamics in different magnetic phases in Néel-type skyrmion host GaV4S8 with time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect experiments. The coherent spin precession, whose amplitude is enhanced in the skyrmion-lattice phase, shows a signature of phase coexistence across the magnetic phase transitions. The incoherent spin relaxation dynamics slows down by a factor of two in the skyrmion-lattice/cycloid phases, indicating significant decrease in thermal conductivity triggered by a small change of magnetic field. The slow heat diffusion in the skyrmion-lattice/cycloid phases is attributed to the stronger magnon scattering off the domain walls formed in abundance in the skyrmion-lattice/cycloid phase. These results highlight the impact of spatial spin structure on the ultrafast heat transport in spin systems, providing a useful insight for the step toward ultrafast photocontrol of the magnets with novel spin orders.
Allotropy in ultra high strength materials
Authors: Pattamatta A. S. L. Subrahmanyam , Srolovitz David J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAllotropic phase transformations may be driven by the application of stresses in many materials; this has been especially well-documented for pressure driven transformations. Recent advances in strengthening materials allow for the application of very large shear stresses as well – opening up vast new regions of stress space. This means that the stress space is six-dimensional (rather than one for pressure) and that phase transformations depend upon crystal/grain orientation. We propose a novel approach for predicting the role of the entire stress tensor on phase transformations in grains of all orientations in any material. This multiscale approach is density functional theory based and guided by nonlinear elasticity. We focus on stress tensor dependent allotropic phase transformations in iron at high pressure and ultra-fine grained nickel and titanium. The results are quantitatively consistent with a range of experimental observations in these disparate systems. This approach enables the balanced design of high strength-high ductility materials.
Expansion of cytotoxic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CCR6+CD161+ CD4+ T cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Ssemaganda Aloysious , Nguyen Huong Mai , Nuhu Faisal , Jahan Naima , Card Catherine M. , Kiazyk Sandra , Severini Giulia , Keynan Yoav , Su Ruey-Chyi , Ji Hezhao , Abrenica Bernard , McLaren Paul J. , Ball T. Blake , Bullard Jared , Van Caeseele Paul , Stein Derek , McKinnon Lyle R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy in clinical trials, yet a full immunologic characterization of these vaccines, particularly within the human upper respiratory tract, is less well known. Here, we enumerate and phenotype T cells in nasal mucosa and blood using flow cytometry before and after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (n = 21). Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells expressing CD69+CD103+ increase in number ~12 days following the first and second doses, by 0.31 and 0.43 log10 cells per swab respectively (p = 0.058 and p = 0.009 in adjusted linear mixed models). CD69+CD103+CD8+ T cells in the blood decrease post-vaccination. Similar increases in nasal CD8+CD69+CD103− T cells are observed, particularly following the second dose. CD4+ cells co-expressing CCR6 and CD161 are also increased in abundance following both doses. Stimulation of nasal CD8+ T cells with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides elevates expression of CD107a at 2- and 6-months (p = 0.0096) post second vaccine dose, with a subset of donors also expressing increased cytokines. These data suggest that nasal T cells may be induced and contribute to the protective immunity afforded by this vaccine.
Controlling synthetic membraneless organelles by a red-light-dependent singlet oxygen-generating protein
Authors: Li Manjia , Park Byung Min , Dai Xin , Xu Yingjie , Huang Jinqing , Sun Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMembraneless organelles (MLOs) formed via protein phase separation have great implications for both physiological and pathological processes. However, the inability to precisely control the bioactivities of MLOs has hindered our understanding of their roles in biology, not to mention their translational applications. Here, by combining intrinsically disordered domains such as RGG and mussel-foot proteins, we create an in cellulo protein phase separation system, of which various biological activities can be introduced via metal-mediated protein immobilization and further controlled by the water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP)—a remarkably stable, red-light-responsive singlet oxygen generator. The WSCP-laden protein condensates undergo a liquid-to-solid phase transition on light exposure, due to oxidative crosslinking, providing a means to control catalysis within synthetic MLOs. Moreover, these photoresponsive condensates, which retain the light-induced phase-transition behavior in living cells, exhibit marked membrane localization, reminiscent of the semi-membrane-bound compartments like postsynaptic densities in nervous systems. Together, this engineered system provides an approach toward controllable synthetic MLOs and, alongside its light-induced phase transition, may well serve to emulate and explore the aging process at the subcellular or even molecular level.
SMYD5 catalyzes histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation at promoters
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Fang Yuan , Tang Yin , Han Shixun , Jia Junqi , Wan Xinyi , Chen Jiaqi , Yuan Ying , Zhao Bin , Fang Dong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistone marks, carriers of epigenetic information, regulate gene expression. In mammalian cells, H3K36me3 is mainly catalyzed by SETD2 at gene body regions. Here, we find that in addition to gene body regions, H3K36me3 is enriched at promoters in primary cells. Through screening, we identify SMYD5, which is recruited to chromatin by RNA polymerase II, as a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K36me3 at promoters. The enzymatic activity of SMYD5 is dependent on its C-terminal glutamic acid-rich domain. Overexpression of full-length Smyd5, but not the C-terminal domain-truncated Smyd5, restores H3K36me3 at promoters in Smyd5 knockout cells. Furthermore, elevated Smyd5 expression contributes to tumorigenesis in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Together, our findings identify SMYD5 as the H3K36me3 methyltransferase at promoters that regulates gene expression, providing insights into the localization and function of H3K36me3.