bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The estimation of nutrient content using multispectral image analysis in palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Budiman R , Seminar K B , Sudradjat  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indonesia is the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world. 50% -70% of operational costs and around 25% of total production costs in oil palm plantations are only for fertilizer. The requirements for effective fertilizer management are meeting plant nutrition requirements and preventing nutrient deficiencies. This study aims to estimate the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients contained in palm oil trees using multispectral cameras taken with drones. The method used was divided into data preparation and leaf sampling and taking pictures with drones. Second, pre-data processing, the things that are done was photo stitching, georeferencing and digitizing the land and oil palm canopy. Third, the data analysis stage found the correlation between nutrition and image analysis using regression analysis with the backward method. The results of this study are that the nitrogen model has correctness of 95.11%, the phosphorus model has correctness of 95.38%, and the potassium model has correctness of 88.65%.
Protein hydrolysates enhance germination and early growth of maize and sugarcane
Authors: Fitriyah F , Kresnawaty I , Santoso D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Protein hydrolysates have been reported as a plant biostimulant due to their activity like phytohormones. This research aimed to study protein hydrolysate’s effect on the germination and growth of maize and sugarcane. Chicken feather meal (TB) and trash fish meal (TI) based protein hydrolysates were tested their ability to promote rooting and shooting in the early growth of maize and sugarcane, following an adequately dipping. In the maize bioassay, seeds were soaked for 1 hour in aquadest and 10 ppm of TB and TI hydrolysates in three replicates. Shoots and roots length were measured 5 days after germination. In the sugarcane assay, setts having a single bud on top and bottom stalk of PSJT-941 were grown in a polybag. The experiment was performed in eight treatments and 10 replicates, comprising setts from top and bottom, followed by 5, 10, and 30 minutes dipping in 20 ppm of TB hydrolysate. The setts soaked in aquadest was the negative control. Maize treated with TB hydrolysate had the highest shoots and roots length, while sugarcane setts from the top stalk soaked for 30 minutes in the TB hydrolysates showed germination in all replications besides the best in rooting and number of shoots.
Fruit and seed variation of wild nutmeg (Myristica schefferi Warb.) in South Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni S , Susilowati M , Bakri A , Bermawie N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Several species of the genus Myristica are found in Indonesia, one of which is Aceh wild nutmeg (M. Schefferi Warb). This study aims to identify fruit and seed variations and chemical compounds that might be potential for further use. The research was carried out at a hilly area in Lubuk Arang Village, South Aceh in the year 2017. There is a high variation of the 42 trees observed in yield, fruit, seed, and mace weight, meanwhile low variation in flesh thickness. Plant size, leaves, fruits, and seeds are bigger than other types of nutmeg. In general, the fruit shape was round to ovate with greenish when young and brownish-green in ripe fruit. The seed shape was rounded to oval with dark brown color when mature. Mace net covered the seed with an orange color when mature. Flesh fruit, mace, and seeds were not aromatic. The main chemical compound of seed ethanol extract analyzed using GCMS was Otobaine, Heptaleno (1,2-C) Furan 1-3H)-one-3,3-dimethoxy6,7,9,11-tetramethyl-, Palmitic acid, and Austrobailignan-6, while in mace were Dihydrojasmone, Otobaine, Palmitic acid, cis- Vasenic acid, and Austrobailignan. Cluster analysis of 42 trees based on fruit and seed characters, separated into three groups with a similarity of around 50%.
Combining ability and heterosis of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) resistance to bacterial wilt
Authors: Basuki S , Suhara C , Supriyono  , Mahayu W M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bacterial wilt is one of the main diseases of tobacco, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. One of the best approaches to control this pathogen is developing tobacco-resistant varieties. Combining ability analysis can be used to preliminarily identify the advantages and disadvantages of cross combinations and parents in earlier generations. The study aimed to estimate combining ability and heterosis of tobacco lines to bacterial wilt. Six tobacco genotypes were crossed in diallelic mating design to produce 15 F1‘s. These F1‘s and their parents were inoculated with the pathogen in the glasshouse condition based on Huang and Allen’s method. The experiment used Random Block Design with three replications. The analysis of combining ability was estimated following Griffing’s method-II and model-I, which is as described by Singh and Chaudhary. The analysis revealed that both additive and dominant genes controlled the resistance to R. solanacearum. The cross between NtJU and NtSP1 genotypes could generate F1 hybrid varieties that have more resistance to bacterial wilt. Tobacco genotype Nt_U2 showed a significant and negative value of general combining ability. Therefore, it can be used as a donor parent in the tobacco breeding program to generate resistant wilt tobacco varieties.
The effect of fertilizer to production of neera dwarf coconut
Authors: Matana YR , Rindengan B , Novarianto H , Tulalo M , Manaroinsong E. , Kumaunang J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research was conducted at the Pandu Experimental Garden (KP) from April until June 2015, North Sulawesi. The research was conducted using a factorial randomized block design. The first factors were the kinds Dwarf coconut (A),Tebing Tinggi dwarf (GTT), Bali Yellow Dwarf (GKB), Nias Yellow Dwarf (GKN), Raja Dwarf (GRA), and Salak Dwarf (GSK). The second factors are the doses of fertilization (B), without fertilizer, urea 500 g + SP36 375 g + Potassium Chloride 750 g + Kieserite 100 g, urea 750 g + SP 36 562,5 g + Potassium Chloride 1125 g + Kieserite 150 g and organic fertilizer. Each experimental unit was replicated three times, so that total is sixty. Parameters observed are volume of neera, the number of bunches tapped and duration of tapping, brix, and rendement of neera. The results showed that among five Dwarf coconuts tested, coconut GTT, GKB, GKN, and GSK can be considered as a source of raw material for making sugar. The total of sap produced varies depending on the kinds of dwarf coconut and the dose of fertilizer.
Developing sustainable production of patchouli oil in Kolaka, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia: a problem-solving approach
Authors: Wahyudi A , Ermiati E , Sujianto S , Maslahah N 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatchouli oil is an essential oil extracted from the patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth), widely cultivated by farmers in Kolaka District, South East Sulawesi Province, as intercrop or monoculture farming. This research aimed to search for probable solutions to the problems faced by farmers in developing sustainable patchouli oil production. The research was conducted in Kolaka, South East Sulawesi, in May-June 2021 using problem-solving approach. The snowball method was used to select the key informants consisting of farmers, distillers, and extension workers. The primary data was obtained through online interviews. The problems and probable solutions identified in the cultivation and distillation of patchouli consisted of the soil problems that could be overcome through the right and balanced fertilization; the scarcity of certified seed, the government should initiate the production; the synthetic chemical weed and disease control that can be replaced by application of mechanical weed and integrated disease control; and herbage immaturity by conducting gradual harvesting according to plant maturity and capacity of distillation equipment. It is suggested to utilize a stainless kettle in the distillation and farmers’ organizations can provide a soft loan when farmers need cash and the patchouli oil price is low to delay selling.
The changes in chemical properties of coffee during roasting: A review
Authors: Tarigan E B , Wardiana E , Hilmi Y S , Komarudin N A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to its chemical compounds, coffee has a good taste, pleasant aroma, stimulant effect, and health benefits. Roasting is a critical process to develop a good flavor and cup quality of the coffee brew. This article reviews the coffee chemical reaction proceeds during roasting, evaluates the roasted degree by physic and chemical approach and biochemical changes. The articles were compiled from ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Out of all of the collected papers, 40 articles were covered in this paper. The initial process of roasting is water content evaporating and continuously is followed by roasting phase including pyrolysis, Maillard reaction and caramelization. The roasted coffee degree is determined by visual, weight loss, acidity, and pop beans sound. The bioactive compounds of coffee such as chlorogenic acids, caffeine, and trigonelline affect brewed coffee’s cup quality. Chlorogenic acid and trigonelline significantly decrease during the roasting process. However, caffein is quite stable during roasting. The roasted coffee performs a function in the consumers’ health since in vitro and in vivo analysis present that bronze roasted espresso has the most powerful activity as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.
Coating formula containing clove oil suppresses Aspergillus flavus growth on unshelled nutmeg seeds
Authors: Rahayuningsih S , Hardiyanti S , Florina D , Supriadi  , Sembiring BS , Wijaya R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAflatoxin contamination has become a constraint on nutmeg. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of clove oil coating formula to suppressAspergillus flavusgrowth on unshelled nutmeg. Clove oil, Curcuma oil, and coconut shell liquid smoke were evaluated for their fungicidal action onA. flavusand formulated the best one with powder carriers. The seeds were pre-treated with gelatin solution (1%) to improve coating adhesiveness, sprayed withA. flavusconidia, and incubated in humid conditions. Clove oil showed the strongest fungicidal action onA. flavusand was formulated (10%) with MgO, CaSO4, and CaO (1:1:1) powder. The coating formula could inhibitA. flavusgrowth, butA. flavusstill colonized the seed’s inner part. The coating formula did not affect the seed’s water content, ranging from 9.8-10.22%. Pre-coating the unshelled source with gelatin solution (1%) improved the formula’s coverage on the seed surface. The coating was more resistant after mechanical impact by falling from a 30 cm high. The amount of coating formula for treating 1000 unshelled seeds (11.75 kg) was approximately 2.8 kg. The coating formula of clove oil mix with carrier powder minimizedA. flavuscontamination of nutmeg shells.
Assessing the performance of global thermostat adjustment in commercial buildings for load shifting demand response
Authors: Keskar Aditya , Lei Shunbo , Webb Taylor , Nagy Sarah , Hiskens Ian A , Mathieu Johanna L , Johnson Jeremiah X 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Efficiently leveraging new sources of flexibility is critical to mitigating load balancing challenges posed by variable renewable resources. The thermal inertia of commercial buildings allows us to shift their power consumption on minute to hourly timescales to provide demand response (DR) to the grid while maintaining occupant comfort. Global thermostat adjustment (GTA) provides a readily available and scalable approach for implementing load shifting DR using commercial heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, since it leverages the inherent sophistication of modern building automation systems. However, there is an incomplete understanding of GTA’s performance for this purpose and its impact on building systems and occupant comfort. In this paper, we explore the performance of GTA by analyzing results from nearly nine hundred experiments on eight university campus buildings in Michigan and North Carolina. Using GTA, we manipulate each building’s thermostat setpoints causing the building to shift its power consumption with respect to its baseline. We quantify the magnitude of HVAC power response, energy use of HVAC subsystems, and impact on occupant comfort. Finally, we connect our experimental results with power system operation using an optimization model that coordinates GTA actions across a large collection of grid-interactive efficient buildings to reduce high ramp rates on the grid and mitigate renewable energy curtailment. Overall, our work finds that the impacts on HVAC subsystems are often complex, and may result in additional energy being consumed by fans and terminal reheat. These effects must be considered when using GTA for load shifting. Additionally, we demonstrate that occupant comfort, as assessed by indoor temperature and humidity, can be maintained during GTA events. From a societal perspective, our modeling work finds that the additional renewable energy that can be integrated through the use of GTA strategies eclipses any additional energy consumed by buildings.
Fully exploiting SNP arrays: a systematic review on the tools to extract underlying genomic structure
Authors: Balagué-Dobón Laura , Cáceres Alejandro , González Juan R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant type of genomic variation and the most accessible to genotype in large cohorts. However, they individually explain a small proportion of phenotypic differences between individuals. Ancestry, collective SNP effects, structural variants, somatic mutations or even differences in historic recombination can potentially explain a high percentage of genomic divergence. These genetic differences can be infrequent or laborious to characterize; however, many of them leave distinctive marks on the SNPs across the genome allowing their study in large population samples. Consequently, several methods have been developed over the last decade to detect and analyze different genomic structures using SNP arrays, to complement genome-wide association studies and determine the contribution of these structures to explain the phenotypic differences between individuals. We present an up-to-date collection of available bioinformatics tools that can be used to extract relevant genomic information from SNP array data including population structure and ancestry; polygenic risk scores; identity-by-descent fragments; linkage disequilibrium; heritability and structural variants such as inversions, copy number variants, genetic mosaicisms and recombination histories. From a systematic review of recently published applications of the methods, we describe the main characteristics of R packages, command-line tools and desktop applications, both free and commercial, to help make the most of a large amount of publicly available SNP data.
Assessment of human microbiota stability across longitudinal samples using iteratively growing-partitioned clustering
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Pedro , Santonja Francisco J , Benítez-Páez Alfonso 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Microbiome research is advancing rapidly, and every new study should definitively be based on updated methods, trends and milestones in this field to avoid the wrong interpretation of results. Most human microbiota surveys rely on data captured from snapshots—single data points from subjects—and have permitted uncovering the recognized interindividual variability and major covariates of such microbial communities. Currently, changes in individualized microbiota profiles are under the spotlight to serve as robust predictors of clinical outcomes (e.g. weight loss via dietary interventions) and disease anticipation. Therefore, novel methods are needed to provide robust evaluation of longitudinal series of microbiota data with the aim of assessing intrapersonally short-term to long-term microbiota changes likely linked to health and disease states. Consequently, we developed microbiota STability ASsessment via Iterative cluStering (μSTASIS)—a multifunction R package to evaluate individual-centered microbiota stability. μSTASIS targets the recognized interindividual variability inherent to microbiota data to stress the tight relationships observed among and characteristic of longitudinal samples derived from a single individual via iteratively growing-partitioned clustering. The algorithms and functions implemented in this framework deal properly with the sparse and compositional nature of microbiota data. Moreover, the resulting metric is intuitive and independent of beta diversity distance methods and correlation coefficients, thus estimating stability for each microbiota sample rather than giving nonconsensus magnitudes that are difficult to interpret within and between datasets. Our method is freely available under GPL-3 licensing. We demonstrate its utility by assessing gut microbiota stability from three independent studies published previously with multiple longitudinal series of multivariate data and respective metadata.
blitzGSEA: efficient computation of gene set enrichment analysis through gamma distribution approximation
Authors: Lachmann Alexander , Xie Zhuorui , Ma’ayan Avi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivationThe identification of pathways and biological processes from differential gene expression is central for interpretation of data collected by transcriptomics assays. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is the most commonly used algorithm to calculate the significance of the relevancy of an annotated gene set with a differential expression signature. To compute significance, GSEA implements permutation tests which are slow and inaccurate for comparing many differential expression signatures to thousands of annotated gene sets.ResultsHere, we present blitzGSEA, an algorithm that is based on the same running sum statistic as GSEA, but instead of performing permutations, blitzGSEA approximates the enrichment score probabilities based on Gamma distributions. blitzGSEA achieves significant improvement in performance compared with prior GSEA implementations, while approximating small P-values more accurately.Availability and implementationThe data, a python package, together with all source code, and a detailed user guide are available from GitHub at: https://github.com/MaayanLab/blitzgsea.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘Tightness’, autonomy and release: The anticipated pains of release and life licencing
Authors: Rennie Ailie , Crewe Ben 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article explores how men serving mandatory life sentences in England and Wales anticipate life after release and the imposition of a life licence. It reports the various ways that lifers feared licencing as being exceedingly ‘tight’ and restrictive, sometimes resulting in them retreating from release altogether. At the same time, some participants reported a motivation to embrace the ‘tightness’ of their impending licence conditions, and use penal power as a means of structuring life on release. Whether they resisted or embraced penal intervention, all participants altered their aspirations to what seemed achievable upon release when subject to numerous conditions. Specifically, the article argues that the anticipation of a particular mode of penal power has a material effect on lifers’ approach to release.
Epileptic discharges initiate from brain areas with elevated accumulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors
Authors: Miyazaki Tomoyuki , Takayama Yutaro , Iwasaki Masaki , Hatano Mai , Nakajima Waki , Ikegaya Naoki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Tsuchimoto Shohei , Kato Hiroki , Takahashi Takuya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPresurgical identification of the epileptogenic zone is a critical determinant of seizure control following surgical resection in epilepsy. Excitatory glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor is a major component of neurotransmission. Although elevated α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor levels are observed in surgically resected brain areas of patients with epilepsy, it remains unclear whether increased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor-mediated currents initiate epileptic discharges. We have recently developed the first PET tracer for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor, [11C]K-2, to visualize and quantify the density of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors in living human brains. Here, we detected elevated [11C]K-2 uptake in the epileptogenic temporal lobe of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain areas with high [11C]K-2 uptake are closely colocalized with the location of equivalent current dipoles estimated by magnetoencephalography or with seizure onset zones detected by intracranial electroencephalogram. These results suggest that epileptic discharges initiate from brain areas with increased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors, providing a biological basis for epileptic discharges and an additional non-invasive option to identify the epileptogenic zone in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Sustained expression of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein promotes p-AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) signaling to drive precancerous lesions to invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Lin Zhongmin , Zhao Yu , Li Qijia , Ci Xingyuan , Ye Xiaoxian , Chen Guorong , Tu Quanmei , Feng Weixu , Jiang Pengfei , Zhu Shanli , Xue Xiangyang , Saunders Nicholas A , Zhang Lifang , Zhu Xueqiong , Zhao Kong-Nan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncogene plays the most important role in cervical cancer. However, whether E7 oncoprotein is continuously expressed, associated with AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) signaling to trigger cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. Here, we explored first if HPV16 E7 oncoprotein could be detected in clinical biopsies and is sustainedly expressed, and then investigated how this oncoprotein interacted with AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) signaling in cancer progression. We used ZHPV16E7384 affibody to detect E7 expression in HPV16-positive cervical cancer biopsies and animal tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results showed that ZHPV16E7384 affibody had intense and specific staining for E7 oncoprotein in the detected specimen. The E7 oncoprotein was continuously expressed to correspond with the development of precancerous lesions to invasive cervical cancer. IHC staining also revealed that AKT, p-AKT(Ser473), Src and p-Src(Tyr527) proteins were expressed in both patient biopsies and animal tumors, with the highest levels of p-AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) present in invasive cancer. Furthermore, siRNA experiments revealed that HPV16 E7 knockdown significantly impaired expression of p-AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) in both HPV16 E7-positive cancer cells and transformed cells. In addition, transient expression of HPV16 E7 protein promoted significantly expression of p-AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) in primary human keratinocytes. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation analysis proved that HPV 16 E7 protein interacted reciprocally with p-AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527). In conclusion, we demonstrate that HPV16 E7 oncoprotein is continuously expressed to promote expression of p-AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) leading to drive the initiation and progression of cervical cancer. Our data provide a novel insight that HPV16 E7 activates p-AKT(Ser473)/p-Src(Tyr527) to establish a mechanistic link between the oncogene and the AKT/Src signaling to trigger cervical carcinogenesis.