bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Virtual Reality and interactive game for learning structures in architecture: the case of ancient Chinese dougong cognition
Authors: Pei Wanyu , Lo Tian Tian Sky , Guo Xiangmin 
Published: September 2022

PurposeAncient Chinese architecture is famous for its wooden frame structure and unique position in world architecture history. As numerous types of components and complex combinations exist, the overall structural system and how they are interlocked have always been crucial but challenging parts of the study. Students find it hard to understand and remember the concepts using traditional 2D paper media, making such knowledge unattractive to pass on to the new generation. To overcome the challenges, this research aims to examine the effect of combining Virtual Reality (VR) with digital interaction games in learning structural characteristics (dougong) of ancient Chinese architecture.Design/methodology/approachThis research develops an interactive cognitive system in the VR environment based on constructivist theory to improve the learning approach of ancient Chinese architecture. Applying an experimental procedure, the feedback of an experimental group using the VR cognition system and a control group using traditional learning 2D media are collected to examine the differences in learning effectiveness and user experience.FindingsThis study develops an interactive cognitive system to aid in learning the structural system of ancient Chinese architecture. The results indicate that integrating VR and interactive learning games can increase students' positive attitudes and learning effectiveness towards ancient Chinese architecture.Originality/valueThis study integrates VR technology and interactive games to improve the learning approach. It examines the effect of applying the concept of human–computer interaction in learning ancient Chinese buildings. The concept of designing the interactive cognitive system is expected to guide students gradually to be the main body of learning and stimulate their learning enthusiasm and motivation.
Global Enterprises: contemporarisation of khadi products in India
Authors: Swain Sasmita , Patoju Sri Krishna Sudheer 
Published: September 2022

Theoretical basis
This paper aims to explain the theory of stakeholder, value chain analysis and triple bottom line sustainability approach.

Research methodology
The present case was developed from both primary and secondary data sources. The primary sources included visits to Global Enterprises and collected data through a structured interview. The secondary sources included enterprise annual reports and websites.

Case overview/synopsis
This case presents the innovative approach adopted by a for-profit social enterprise, utilizing locally available resources, changed products and an improved business model to deliver the desired social impact. It highlights the challenges social entrepreneurs face and how the people at the grass-root level are uplifted through the success of a social entrepreneurial venture. The case study is based on an interview conducted with the founder and managing director of Global Enterprises and other stakeholders (farmers, women artisans and employees). An interview schedule was used for conducting the interviews. The researchers tried to understand the business model deployed, stakeholders involved, challenges faced, competencies needed and strategic decisions made by the social entrepreneur that helped the enterprise become sustainable. The social problems identified by the entrepreneur include unavailability of quality raw material at a reasonable price on time; financial scarcity and massive dependence on non-institutional financial sources; lack of product development, market research and production; and the high price of handmade products compared to factory-made products. The case explains how the entrepreneur addressed the problems of cotton farmers, women artisans and local youths through his enterprise. The case also explains how he could make a social venture sustainable in the long run.

Complexity academic level
This case targets graduate-level students and is designed to be taught in Entrepreneurship, Social entrepreneurship, Rural entrepreneurship, Business administration and Entrepreneurship development. It can also be used for other programmes, where problem identification, opportunity recognition, stakeholder analysis and porter's value chain analysis are taught.
Resistance of subarctic soil fungal and invertebrate communities to disruption of below‐ground carbon supply
Authors: Parker Thomas C. , Chomel Mathilde , Clemmensen Karina E. , Friggens Nina L. , Hartley Iain P. , Johnson David , Kater Ilona , Krab Eveline J. , Lindahl Björn D. , Street Lorna E. , Subke Jens‐Arne , Wookey Philip A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The supply of recent photosynthate from plants to soils is thought to be a critical mechanism regulating the activity and diversity of soil biota. In the Arctic, large‐scale vegetation transitions are underway in response to warming, and there is an urgent need to understand how these changes affect soil biodiversity and function.

We investigated how abundance and diversity of soil fungi and invertebrates responded to a reduction in fresh below‐ground photosynthate supply in treeline birch and willow, achieved using stem girdling. We hypothesised that birch forest would support greater abundance of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species and fauna than willow shrubs, and that girdling would result in a rapid switch from ECM fungi to saprotrophs as canopy supply of C was cut, with a concomitant decline in soil fauna.

Birch forest had greater fungal and faunal abundance with a large contribution of root‐associated ascomycetes (ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and root endophytes) compared to willow shrub plots, which had a higher proportion of saprotrophs and, contrary to our expectations, ECM fungi. Broad‐scale soil fungal and faunal functional group composition was not significantly changed by girdling, even in the third year of treatment. Within the ECM community, there were some changes, with genera that are believed to be particularly C‐demanding declining in girdled plots. However, it was notable how most ECM fungi remained present after 3 years of isolation of the below‐ground compartment from contemporary photosynthate supply.

Synthesis. In a treeline/tundra ecosystem, distinct soil communities existed in contrasting vegetation patches within the landscape, but the structure of these communities was resistant to canopy disturbance and concomitant reduction of autotrophic C inputs.
Far‐right boundary construction towards the “other”: Visual communication of Danish People’s Party on social media
Authors: Awad Sarah , Doerr Nicole , Nissen Anita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how images are used in online far‐right political communication to create distinct groups of “otherness.” Focusing on the Danish People's Party, we look at how symbolic boundaries are constructed through images to emphasize an exclusive conception of the nation and its citizens, who need protection from the threatening “others.” In order to understand the global rise of the far right, scholars of social movements and digital media have called for new research on how visual images serve the mainstreaming of extremist and nationalist beliefs online. We look at images communicated by the Danish People's Party on their Facebook page, exploring how digital images visually communicate the party's slogan of “Safety and trust” (in Danish: “Tryghed og tillid”). With a focus on boundary construction, we present a multimodal visual analysis of 1120 images posted by the party from 2012 to 2020. The data shows how the party constructs an imaginary of Danishness through an exclusionary impermeable boundary construction of a trusted in‐group's values and traditions in opposition to culturally distinct “others.”
“I got so much on my plate”: Understanding care discontinuity for HIV and HCV among formerly incarcerated persons
Authors: Porter Lauren C. , Testa Alexander , Kozerra Meghan , Philippon Cassandra , Remrey Lizabeth , Bijole Phyllis , Kattakuzhy Sarah , Alexander Carla S. , Rosenthal Elana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore barriers to care continuity among formerly incarcerated persons with HIV and/or hepatitis C.Data Sources and Study SettingWe draw on data from semi‐structured interviews conducted in 2018–2019 with 30 formerly incarcerated persons and 10 care providers. Data were collected across two clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.Study DesignWe recruited participants using a combination of nonprobability sampling techniques. Participants completed closed‐ended questionnaires and took part in semi‐structured interviews related to treatment barriers and incentives.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsInterviews were transcribed using Express Scribe software and transcriptions were open coded using NVivo 12 software. An iterative process was used to relate and build upon emergent themes in interviews.Principal FindingsOur study illuminates both internal and external barriers to care continuity. The most common external barriers were system navigation and housing instability. Internal barriers consisted of overlapping issues related to mental health, substance use, and feelings of shame and/or denial.ConclusionAn overarching theme is that formerly incarcerated persons with HIV and/or HCV are grappling with numerous challenges that can threaten their health and health care. These barriers are cumulative, intersecting, and reciprocal.
CladeDate: Calibration information generator for divergence time estimation
Authors: Claramunt Santiago 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Time‐scaled phylogenetic trees are essential tools in modern biology and node‐based calibrations have been the main approach to time‐tree estimation. But methods for generating the required calibration information are scarce and difficult to parameterize.

Here, I present CladeDate, an R package for the generation of empirical calibration information from the fossil record. CladeDate uses simple mathematical models to estimate the age of a clade and its uncertainty based on fossil times. Using a Monte Carlo approach, CladeDate generates empirical densities representing the uncertainty associated with the age of the clade and fits standard probability density functions that can be used in time‐tree inference software such as BEAST2, MrBayes and MCMCtree.

I show with simulations that the calibration information generated with CladeDate produces accurate time‐trees and compares favourably with more complex methods. I demonstrate the use CladeDate for the generation of calibration information, including point estimates, upper bounds and calibration densities, for passerine birds.

CladeDate is particularly suited for groups with limited fossil information or when assumptions of more complex methods are not met, and provides a general and practical solution to the problem of generating calibration information for divergence time estimation.
Trajectory of plasma syndecan‐1 and heparan sulphate during major surgery: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Weinberg Laurence , Yanase Fumitaka , Tosif Shervin , Riedel Bernhard , Bellomo Rinaldo , Hahn Robert G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurgical trauma‐induced inflammation during major surgery may disrupt endothelial integrity and affect plasma concentrations of glycocalyx constituents, such as syndecan‐1 and heparan sulphate. To date, no studies have focused on their perioperative temporal changes.MethodsAs part of a trial, we obtained plasma and urine specimens sampled during the perioperative period in 72 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. The plasma concentration of syndecan‐1 and heparan sulphate was measured on five occasions, from baseline to the second postoperative day. Plasma and urinary creatinine and urinary syndecan‐1 concentrations were measured before surgery and on the first postoperative morning.ResultsWe observed three different temporal patterns of plasma syndecan‐1 concentration. Group 1 ‘low’ (64% of patients) showed only minor changes from baseline despite a median heparan sulphate increase of 67% (p < .005). Group 2 ‘increase’ (21% of patients) showed a marked increase in median plasma syndecan‐1 from 27 μg/L to 118 μg/L during the first postoperative day (p < .001) with a substantial (+670%; p < .005) increase in median plasma heparan sulphate from 279 to 2196 μg/L. Group 3 ‘high’ (14% of patients) showed a constant elevation of plasma syndecan‐1 to >100 μg/L, but low heparan sulphate levels. The plasma C‐reactive protein concentration did not differ across the three groups and 90% of colon surgeries occurred in Group 1. Treatment with dexamethasone was similar across the three groups. Surgical blood loss, duration of surgery and liver resection were greatest in Group 2.ConclusionChanges in syndecan‐1 and heparan sulphate after surgery appear to show three different patterns, with the greatest increases in those patients with greater blood loss, more liver surgery and longer operations. These observations suggest that increases in syndecan‐1 and heparan sulphate reflect the degree of surgical injury.
MicroRNA‐150‐5p is upregulated in the brain microvasculature during prenatal alcohol exposure and inhibits the angiogenic factor Vezf1
Authors: Perales Gabriela , Westenskow Marissa , Gutierrez Roxana , Caldwell Kevin K. , Allan Andrea M. , Gardiner Amy S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) occur in children who were exposed to alcohol in utero and are manifested in a wide range of neurocognitive deficits. These deficits could be caused by alterations to the cortical microvasculature that are controlled by post‐transcriptional regulators such as microRNAs.MethodsUsing an established mouse model of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), we isolated cortices (CTX) and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) at embryonic day 18 (E18) and examined the expression of miR‐150‐5p and potential downstream targets. Cellular transfections and intrauterine injections with LNA™ mimics or inhibitors were used to test miR‐150‐5p regulation of novel target vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (Vezf1). Dual‐luciferase assays were used to assess the direct binding of miR‐150‐5p to the Vezf1 3′UTR. The effects of miR‐150‐5p and Vezf1 on endothelial cell function were determined by in vitro migration and tube formation assays.ResultsWe found that miR‐150‐5p was upregulated and Vezf1 was downregulated during PAE in the E18 CTX and BMVECs. Transfection with miR‐150‐5p mimics resulted in decreased Vezf1 expression in BMVECs, while miR‐150‐5p inhibition did the opposite. Dual‐luciferase assays revealed direct binding of miR‐150‐5p with the Vezf1 3′UTR. Intrauterine injections showed that miR‐150‐5p regulates the expression of Vezf1 in vivo during PAE. miR‐150‐5p overexpression decreased BMVEC migration and tube formation, while miR‐150‐5p inhibition enhanced migration and tube formation. Vezf1 overexpression rescued the effects of the miR‐150‐5p mimic. Alcohol treatment of BMVECs increased miR‐150‐5p expression and inhibited migration and tube formation. Finally, miR‐150‐5p inhibition and Vezf1 overexpression rescued the negative effects of alcohol on migration and tube formation.ConclusionsmiR‐150‐5p regulation of Vezf1 results in altered endothelial cell function during alcohol exposure. Further, miR‐150‐5p inhibition of Vezf1 may adversely alter the development of the cortical microvasculature during PAE and contribute to deficits seen in patients with FASD.
Associations between nicotine vaping uptake and cigarette smoking cessation vary by smokers' plans to quit: longitudinal findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys
Authors: Kasza Karin A. , Hammond David , Gravely Shannon , O'Connor Richard J. , Meng Gang , East Katherine , Borland Ron , Cummings K. Michael , Fong Geoffrey T. , Hyland Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMost population studies that evaluate the relationship between nicotine vaping and cigarette cessation focus on limited segments of the smoker population. We evaluated vaping uptake and smoking cessation considering differences in smokers' plans to quit.DesignLongitudinal International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys were conducted in 2016, 2018 and 2020.SettingThis study was conducted in the United States, Canada, England and Australia.ParticipantsParticipants of this study were adult daily cigarette smokers who had not vaped in the past 6 months at baseline and had participated in two or more consecutive waves of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (n = 2815).MeasurementsPlans to quit cigarette smoking was assessed at baseline (within 6 months, beyond 6 months, not planning to quit) and at follow‐up (within 6 months vs not within 6 months), cigarette smoking cessation was assessed at follow‐up (smoking less than monthly [including complete cessation] vs daily/weekly/monthly smoking) and inter‐wave vaping uptake was assesed between baseline and follow‐up (none, only non‐daily vaping and any daily vaping). Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate whether inter‐wave vaping uptake was associated with smoking cessation at follow‐up and with planning to quit at follow‐up, each stratified by plans to quit smoking at baseline.FindingsOverall, 12.7% of smokers quit smoking. Smokers not initially planning to quit within 6 months experienced higher odds of smoking cessation when they took up daily vaping (32.4%) versus no vaping (6.8%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.58; 95% CI, 5.06–14.54). Among smokers planning to quit, smoking cessation rates were similar between those who did and did not take up daily vaping (25.1% vs 16.8%; AOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.91–4.00), although we could not account for potential use of cessation aids. Daily vaping uptake was associated with planning to quit smoking at follow‐up among those initially not planning to quit (AOR,6.32; 95% CI, 4.17–9.59).ConclusionsUptake of nicotine vaping appears to be strongly associated with cigarette smoking cessation among smokers with no initial plans to quit smoking. Excluding smokers not planning to quit from studies on vaping and smoking cessation may underestimate potential benefit of daily vaping for daily smokers.
Incentivizing and nudging farmers to spread information: Experimental evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Balew Solomon , Bulte Erwin , Abro Zewdu , Kassie Menale 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInformation does not flow freely through social networks. We use an experiment to study knowledge diffusion about an innovation (integrated pest management, IPM) in farmer groups in Ethiopia. Group leaders are incentivized to share knowledge with members through the conditional provision of material or social prestige rewards. We combine incentives with loss‐framed messaging to leverage loss aversion. Incentives increase diffusion effort, and combining incentives with loss‐framed messaging increases effort further. However, the treatments failed to induce follower farmers to experiment with IPM. We also document that reclaiming material rewards is difficult after a long delay, attenuating the effectiveness of the loss frame.
Are historic districts a backdoor for segregation? Yes and no
Authors: Bologna Pavlik Jamie , Zhou Yang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study how historic district programs impact residential segregation in Denver. We find that homebuyers are more likely to be White within historic districts, but official historic designation has no effect on this probability. More specifically, we calculate that the predicted probability of having a White homebuyer increases from 77 to over 80 percent when the home is located within a historic district. Similarly, we find that most transactions flow from White sellers to White buyers, regardless of official designation. Thus, while historic districts tend to be more segregated, official designation does not seem to amplify this existing problem.
A scoping review of the physical health and psychological well‐being of individuals in interracial romantic relationships
Authors: Calderon Patricia S. Pittman , Wong Jen D. , Hodgdon Barbara T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveA scoping review was conducted to document the literature of the impacts of being in a romantic partnership and better physical health and psychological well‐being for individuals who are in an interracial romantic relationship.BackgroundIn the 50 years since Loving v. Virginia (1967) overturned the ban on interracial romantic relationships, the rates of interracial marriages have quintupled. Although being in a romantic relationship has been associated with better physical health and psychological well‐being outcomes, the population of individuals in interracial romantic relationships has been overlooked.MethodInformed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), the study's objectives, inclusion criteria, and methods of analysis for this review were specified in advance and documented. Fourteen studies met the scoping review's inclusion criteria.ResultsThe articles were similar in five key areas: use of theory, methods, physical health outcomes, psychological well‐being outcomes, and intimate partner violence. The findings across the studies suggest that individuals in interracial romantic relationships experience poorer physical health and psychological well‐being compared with individuals who partner within their own race.ConclusionThe theorized benefits of being in a romantic relationship do not seem to apply equally across individuals, particularly among those in interracial romantic relationships.ImplicationsProviding support for interracial relationships is critical because the rates of these relationships are expected to increase, and individuals in these relationships are faring worse, despite being more than 50 years removed from anti‐miscegenation laws.