bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-Driven Longitudinal Characterization of Neonatal Health and Morbidity
Authors: De Francesco Davide , Reiss Jonathan D. , Roger Jacquelyn , Tang Alice S. , Chang Alan L. , Becker Martin , Phongpreecha Thanaphong , Espinosa Camilo , Morin Susanna , Berson Eloïse , Thuraiappah Melan , Le Brian L. , Ravindra Neal G. , Payrovnaziri Seyedeh Neelufar , Mataraso Samson , Kim Yeasul , Xue Lei , Rosenstein Melissa , Oskotsky Tomiko , Marić Ivana , Gaudilliere Brice , Carvalho Brendan , Bateman Brian T. , Angst Martin S. , Prince Lawrence S. , Blumenfeld Yair J. , Benitz William E , Fuerch Janene H. , Shaw Gary M. , Sylvester Karl G. , Stevenson David K. , Sirota Marina , Aghaeepour Nima 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile prematurity is the single largest cause of death in children under 5 years of age, the current definition of prematurity, based on gestational age, lacks the precision needed for guiding care decisions. Here we propose a longitudinal risk assessment for adverse neonatal outcomes in newborns based on a multi-task deep learning model that uses electronic health records (EHRs) to predict a wide range of outcomes over a period starting shortly after the time of conception and ending months after birth. By linking the EHRs of the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital and the Stanford Healthcare Adult Hospital, we developed a cohort of 22,104 mother-newborn dyads delivered between 2014 and 2018. This enabled a unique linkage between long-term maternal information and newborn outcomes. Maternal and newborn EHRs were extracted and used to train a multi-input multi-task deep learning model, featuring a long short-term memory neural network, to predict 24 different neonatal outcomes. An additional set of 10,250 mother-newborn dyads delivered at the same Stanford Hospitals from 2019 to September 2020 was used to independently validate the model, followed by a separate analysis of 12,256 mothers-newborn dyads at the University of California, San Francisco. Moreover, comprehensive association analysis identified multiple known and new associations between various maternal and neonatal features and specific neonatal outcomes. To date, this is the largest study utilizing linked EHRs from mother-newborn dyads and would serve as an important resource for the investigation and prediction of neonatal outcomes. An interactive website is available for independent investigators to leverage this unique dataset:https://maternal-child-health-associations.shinyapps.io/shiny_app/.
Patient Perceptions by Race of Educational Animations About Living Kidney Donation Made for a Diverse Population
Authors: Keller Maria M. , Lucas Todd , Cadzow Renee , Feeley Thomas , Berhalter Laurene Tumiel , Kayler Liise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis qualitative study sought to identify potential design and delivery alterations to inform cultural adaptation of educational animations about living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) – previously developed for a diverse population – to better fit Black Americans’ needs.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of 88 transcripts derived from interviews and focus groups conducted with diverse target users (62 kidney failure patients, 36 prior/potential donors, and 11 care partners) to develop 12 animations about LDKT, namedKidneyTIME. Statements were abstracted and coded pertaining to cognitive and communication barriers to LDKT, and the perceived value of using the videos to learn and share the information with social network members using content analysis. Incidence counts of each content code were also calculated to assess differences between Black and non-Black patients.ResultsCognitive barrier codes included lack of knowledge, ambivalence, and concern for donor. Communication barrier codes included reluctance and difficulty talking about LDKT. Cognitive facilitating codes included attention-getting, efficient learning, manageable content, emotional impact, and new knowledge. Communication facilitating codes included delivery through many dissemination channels and broadly shareable. Compared to non-black patients (n=33) Black patients (n=29) more often stated concern for donor and reluctance/difficulty talking about LDKT as barriers, and less often stated efficient learning and manageable content as facilitators.ConclusionFindings highlight the value of LDKT informational content that is visually appealing, digestible, non-threatening, and highly shareable. Heterogeneity may exist when considering access and intervention preferences in usingKidneyTIMEvideos and highlight a potential for further cultural targeting or tailoring.
WikiProject Clinical Trials for Wikidata
Authors: Rasberry Lane , Tibbs Sheri , Hoos William , Westermann Amy , Keefer Jeffrey , Baskauf Steven James , Anderson Clifford , Walker Philip , Kwok Cherrie , Mietchen Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWikiProject Clinical Trials is a Wikidata community project to integrate clinical trials metadata with the Wikipedia ecosystem. Using Wikidata methods for data modeling, import, querying, curating, and profiling, the project brought ClinicalTrials.gov records into Wikidata and enriched them. The motivation for the project was gaining the benefits of hosting in Wikidata, which include distribution to new audiences and staging the content for the Wikimedia editor community to develop it further. Project pages present options for engaging with the content in the Wikidata environment. Example applications include generation of web-based profiles of clinical trials by medical condition, research intervention, research site, principal investigator, and funder.The project’s curation workflows including entity disambiguation and language translation could be expanded when there is a need to make subsets of clinical trial information more accessible to a given community. This project’s methods could be adapted for other clinical trial registries, or as a model for using Wikidata to enrich other metadata collections.
A playback paradox? Nathusius’ bats, Pipistrellus nathusii, bypass mating and fueling opportunities on migratory transit flights
Authors: Marggraf Lara C. , Lindecke Oliver , Voigt Christian C. , Pētersons Gunārs , Voigt-Heucke Silke L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn late summer, migratory bats of the temperate zone face the challenge of accomplishing two energy-demanding tasks almost at the same time: migration and mating. Both require information and involve search efforts, such as localizing prey or finding potential mates. In non-migrating bat species, playback studies showed that listening to vocalizations of other bats, both con-and heterospecifics, may help a recipient bat to find foraging patches and mating sites. However, we are still unaware of the degree to which migrating bats depend on con- or heterospecific vocalizations for identifying potential feeding or mating opportunities during nightly transit flights. Here, we investigated the vocal responses of Nathusius’ pipistrelle bats, Pipistrellus nathusii, to simulated feeding and courtship aggregations at a coastal migration corridor. We presented migrating bats either feeding buzzes or courtship calls of their own or a heterospecific migratory species, the common noctule, Nyctalus noctula. We expected that during migratory transit flights, simulated feeding opportunities would be particularly attractive to bats, as well as simulated mating opportunities which at the same time indicate suitable roosts for a stopover. However, we found that the echolocation call activity of P. nathusii decreased during the playback of conspecific feeding buzzes and courtship calls, yet the call activity remained unaffected when heterospecific call types were broadcast. Our results therefore suggest that while on migratory transits, P. nathusii circumnavigate conspecific feeding and mating aggregations, possibly to save time or to reduce the risks associated with social interactions. This avoidance behavior could be a result of optimization strategies by P. nathusii when performing long-distance migratory flights.
Real World Evidence of the Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Sotrovimab for Preventing Hospitalization and Mortality in COVID-19 Outpatients
Authors: Aggarwal Neil R. , Beaty Laurel E. , Bennett Tellen D. , Carlson Nichole E. , Davis Christopher B. , Kwan Bethany M. , Mayer David A. , Ong Toan C. , Russell Seth , Steele Jeffrey , Wogu Adane F. , Wynia Matthew K. , Zane Richard D. , Ginde Adit A. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is not known whether sotrovimab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment authorized for early symptomatic COVID-19 patients, is effective against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant to prevent progression to severe disease and mortality.MethodsObservational cohort study of non-hospitalized adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from October 1st2021 - December 11th2021, using electronic health records from a statewide health system plus state-level vaccine and mortality data. We used propensity matching to select 3 patients not receiving mAbs for each patient who received outpatient sotrovimab treatment. The primary outcome was 28-day hospitalization; secondary outcomes included mortality and severity of hospitalization.ResultsOf 10,036 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 522 receiving sotrovimab were matched to 1,563 not receiving mAbs. Compared to mAb-untreated patients, sotrovimab treatment was associated with a 63% decrease in the odds of all-cause hospitalization (raw rate 2.1% versus 5.7%; adjusted OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.66) and an 89% decrease in the odds of all-cause 28-day mortality (raw rate 0% versus 1.0%; adjusted OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.0-0.79), and may reduce respiratory disease severity among those hospitalized.ConclusionReal-world evidence demonstrated sotrovimab effectiveness in reducing hospitalization and all-cause 28-day mortality among COVID-19 outpatients during the Delta variant phase.
Firing behavior of single motor neurons of the tibialis anterior in human walking as non-invasively revealed by HDsEMG decomposition
Authors: Yokoyama Hikaru , Kaneko Naotsugu , Sasaki Atsushi , Saito Akira , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvestigation of the firing behavior of spinal motor neurons (MNs) provides essential neuromuscular control information because MNs form the “final common pathway” in motor control. The MNs activated during human infants’ leg movements and rodent locomotion, mainly controlled by the spinal central pattern generator (CPG), show highly synchronous firing. In addition to spinal CPGs, the cerebral cortex is involved in neuromuscular control during walking in human adults. Thus, MN firing behavior during adult walking is expected to be similar to that of infants and rodents and has some unique features. Recent technical advances allow non-invasive investigation of MN firing by high-density surface electromyogram (HDsEMG) decomposition. Therefore, we investigated the MN firing behavior of the tibialis anterior muscle during walking by HDsEMG decomposition. We found motor unit recruitment modulation compared with steady isometric contractions, doublet firings, and gait phase-specific firings during walking. We also found high MN synchronization during walking over a wide range of frequencies, probably including cortical and spinal CPG-related components. The amount of MN synchronization was modulated between the gait phases and motor tasks. These results suggest that the central nervous system, including the spinal CPG and cerebral cortex, flexibly controls MN firing to generate appropriate muscle force during human walking. In addition to revealing the neural control mechanisms of walking, our data demonstrate the feasibility of non-invasive investigation of MNs during walking, which will open new frontiers for the study of neuromuscular function in medical and exercise sciences.
Workplace ventilation improvement to address coronavirus disease 2019 cluster occurrence in a manufacturing factory
Authors: Kitamura Hiroko , Ishigaki Yo , Ohashi Hideaki , Yokogawa Shinji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAim and MethodsA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cluster emerged in a manufacturing factory in early August 2021. In November 2021, a ventilation survey using tracer gas and data analysis was performed to reproduce the situation at the time of cluster emergence and verify that ventilation in the office increased the risk of aerosol transmission; verify the effectiveness of measures implemented immediately in August; and verify the effectiveness of additional measures when previously enforced measures proved inadequate.ResultsAt the time of cluster emergence, the average ventilation frequency was 0.73 times/h, less than the 2 times/h recommended by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare; as such, the factory’s situation was deemed to have increased the risk of aerosol transmission. Due to the measures already taken at the time of the survey, the ventilation frequency increased to 3.41 times/h on average. It was confirmed that ventilation frequency increased to 8.33 times/h on average, when additional measures were taken.ConclusionTo prevent the re-emergence of COVID-19 clusters, it is necessary to continue the measures that have already been implemented. Additionally, introduction of real-time monitoring that visualizes CO2 concentrations is recommended. Furthermore, we believe it is helpful that external researchers in multiple fields and internal personnel in charge of health and safety department and occupational health work together to confirm the effectiveness of conducted measures, such as this case.
Equally low blood metal ion levels at 10-years follow up of total hip arthroplasties with Oxinium, CoCrMo and stainless steel femoral heads. Data from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Høl Paul Johan , Hallan Geir , Furnes Ove , Fenstad Anne Marie , Indrekvam Kari , Kadar Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe use of inert head materials such as ceramic heads has been proposed as a method of reducing wear and corrosion products from the articulating surfaces in total hip arthroplasty (THA), as well as from the stem-head taper connection. In the present study, we wanted to evaluate the blood metal ion levels of Oxinium modular femoral heads at 10 years postoperatively and compare with the CoCrMo modular femoral head counterpart, and the monoblock stainless steel Charnley prosthesis.Patients and methods150 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joint previously included in a randomized clinical trial that had the primary aim of examining polyethylene wear in cemented THAs were re-grouped according to femoral head material. One group (n=30) had received the Charnley monoblock stainless steel stem with 22.2 mm head (DePuy, UK). The other groups (n=120) received a Spectron EF CoCrMo stem with either a 28 mm CoCrMo or Oxinium modular head (Smith & Nephew, USA). After 10 years, 19 patients had died and 38 withdraw from the study. Five patients were revised due to infection in their hip and 7 were revised due to aseptic loosening of either the cup or stem or both. 81 patients with median age of 79 years (70-91) were available for whole blood metal ion analysis.ResultsThe levels of Co, Cr, Ni and Zr in the blood were generally low with all head materials (medians <0.3 micrograms/L). We found no statistically significant difference in the concentration of metal ions between the group with Charnley prosthesis (n=17) and those with Spectron EF stems with either CoCrMo (n=32) or Oxinium heads (n=32) (p=0.18-0.81).InterpretationIn this study of patients with non-revised THAs, no indication of severe trunnion corrosion was found. The blood ion levels with the use of ceramic Oxinium modular femoral heads were similar to CoCrMo or stainless steel heads at 10 years follow-up.
Neuromodulation through Brain Stimulation-assisted Cognitive Training in Patients with Post-Chemotherapy Cognitive Impairment (Neuromod-PCCI): Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rocke Merle , Knochenhauer Elena , Thams Friederike , Antonenko Daria , Fromm Anna Elisabeth , Jansen Nora , Grittner Ulrike , Schmidt Sein , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta , Flöel Agnes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. A considerable number of women with breast cancer who have been treated with chemotherapy, subsequently develop neurological symptoms such as concentration and memory difficulties (also known as ‘chemobrain’). Currently, there are no validated therapeutic approaches available to treat these symptoms. Cognitive training holds the potential to counteract cognitive impairment. Combining cognitive training with concurrent transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could enhance and maintain the effects of this training, potentially providing a new approach to treat post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment (PCCI). With this study, we aim to investigate the effects of multi-session tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in combination with cognitive training on cognition and quality of life in women with PCCI.Methods and analysisThe Neuromod-PCCI trial is a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fifty-two women with PCCI after breast cancer therapy will receive a 3-week tDCS-assisted cognitive training with anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (target intervention), compared to cognitive training plus sham tDCS (control intervention). Cognitive training will consist of a letter updating task. Primary outcome will be the performance in an untrained task (n-back task) after training. In addition, feasibility, safety and tolerability, as well as quality of life and performance in additional untrained tasks will be investigated. A follow-up visit will be performed one month after intervention to assess possible long-term effects. In an exploratory approach, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be acquired before the intervention and at post-intervention to identify possible neural predictors for successful intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the ethics committee of the University Medicine Greifswald (BB236/20). Results will be available through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registrationThis trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04817566, registered March 26, 2021).Strength and limitations of this study–This is the first randomized controlled trial to investigate the feasibility and effects of combined cognitive training and tDCS on cognitive outcomes and quality of life in patients with post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment–Results will help the development of treatment options for breast cancer patients with post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment–Results may not be generalizable to male cancer patients–Monocentric trial design may increase risk of bias
High-level motor planning allows flexible walking at different gait patterns in a neuromechanical model
Authors: Ramadan Rachid , Meischein Fabian , Reimann Hendrik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHumans are able to adopt almost any desired gait pattern on the fly when walking. We postulate that this flexibility in humans is partially due to the ability to control the whole body during walking as a volitional, goal-directed movement that can be planned and changed, rather than having to rely on habitual, reflexive control that is adapted over long time-scales. Here we present a neuromechanical model that accounts for this flexibility by combining movement goals and motor plans on a kinematic task level with low-level spinal feedback loops. We show that the model is able to walk at a wide range of different gait patterns by choosing a small number of high-level control parameters representing a movement goal. A larger number of parameters governing the low-level reflex loops in the spinal cord, on the other hand, remains fixed. We also show that the model is able to generalize the learned behavior by re-combining the high-level control parameters and walk with gait patterns it had not encountered before. Furthermore, the model can transition between different gaits without loss of balance by switching to a new set of control parameters in real time.
The influence of stereopsis on visual saliency in a proto-object based model of selective attention
Authors: Uejima Takeshi , Mancinelli Elena , Niebur Ernst , Etienne-Cummings Ralph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome animals including humans use stereoscopic vision which reconstructs spatial information about the environment from the disparity between images captured by eyes in two separate adjacent locations. Like other sensory information, such stereoscopic information is expected to influence attentional selection. We develop a biologically plausible model of binocular vision to study its effect on bottom-up visual attention, i.e., visual saliency. In our model, the scene is organized in terms of proto-objects on which attention acts, rather than on unbound sets of elementary features. We show that taking into account the stereoscopic information improves the performance of the model in the prediction of human eye movements with statistically significant differences.