bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Increased Aspartate to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio Is Associated With a Higher Risk of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Li Wei , Yue Ling , Sun Lin , Xiao Shifu 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundRecent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hypotheses implicate that hepatic metabolic disorders might contribute to the disease pathogenesis of AD, but the mechanism remains unclear.AimsTo investigate whether the elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio is associated with future cognitive decline, and to explore the possible mechanisms of liver enzymes affecting cognitive function.MethodsThree different clinical cohorts were included in the current study, including one cross-sectional study (Cohort 1) and two longitudinal follow-up studies (Cohort 2 and 3). All participants completed a detailed clinical evaluation, neuropsychological tests, and liver enzyme tests. In addition, some of them also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.ResultsCohort 1 was derived from the CRC2017ZD02 program, including 135 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, 22 AD patients, and 319 normal controls. In this cross-sectional study, we found that the AST/ALT ratio was associated with AD (p = 0.014, OR = 1.848, 95%CI: 1.133∼3.012), but not aMCI; Cohort 2 was derived from the Shanghai Brain Health Program. A total of 260 community elderly people with normal cognitive function were included in the study and followed up for 2 years. In this 2-year longitudinal follow-up study, we found that a higher AST/ALT ratio was a risk factor for future development of aMCI (p = 0.014, HR = 1.848, 95%CI: 1.133∼3.021); Cohort 3 was derived from the China longitudinal aging study (CLAS) Program. A total of 94 community elderly people with normal cognitive function were followed up for 7 years, and all of them completed MRI scans. In this 7-year longitudinal follow-up study, we found that a higher AST/ALT ratio was a risk factor for future development of aMCI (p = 0.006, HR = 2.247, 95%CI: 1.248∼4.049), and the AST/ALT ratio was negatively correlated with right hippocampal volume (r = −0.148, p = 0.043).ConclusionAn increased ratio of AST to ALT is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment and may impair cognitive function by affecting hippocampal volume.
A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Aerobic Exercise Training in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (the Saturday Study): Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial
Authors: Jiang Rong , Wang Lan , Yuan Ping , Zhao Qin-Hua , Gong Su-Gang , He Jing , Qiu Hong-Ling , Luo Ci-Jun , Zhang Rui , Shen Ting , Zhan Meng-Yi , Jiang Yu-Mei , Chen Fa-Dong , Liu Jin-Ming , Shen Yu-Qin 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPatients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have reduced exercise capacity and poor quality of life. Exercise-based rehabilitation in PAH results in clinically relevant improvements in exercise capacity and hemodynamics. To clarify the mechanism, we will evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training rehabilitation on right ventricular (RV) remodeling and function as determined measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).MethodsWe will conduct a 26-week multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patients on stable and unchanged PAH-targeted medication are randomly assigned (1:1) to the control and training groups. The primary endpoint is the RV stroke volume (RVSV) change from baseline to Week 26, determined by CMR. Comprehensive RV function is also performed using CMR. Other characteristics of the RV and left ventricle, World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walk distance, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide are included in secondary endpoints. We also investigate the proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic changes after exercise training as exploratory endpoints.Ethics and DisseminationThe study and protocol were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (Approved No. of ethics committee: L20-17). The results will be disseminated at medical conferences and in journal publications. All participants will sign written informed consent.Trial Registration NumberChiCTR2000031650.
Prognostic Value of Various Diagnostic Methods for Long-Term Outcome of Newborns After Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated With Hypothermia
Authors: Troha Gergeli Anja , Škofljanec Andreja , Neubauer David , Paro Panjan Darja , Kodrič Jana , Osredkar Damjan 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPrediction of outcome in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has been modulated by hypothermia treatment (HT). We assessed the predictive value of diagnostic methods commonly used in neonates with HIE for short-term neurodevelopmental outcome and long-term neurological outcome.Materials and MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study followed up 50 term newborns who underwent HT after HIE between July 2006 and August 2015, until preschool age. We estimated sensitivity and specificity for short-term neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months and long-term neurological outcome at five years based on Amiel-Tison Neurological Assessment (ATNA), electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed in the neonatal period.ResultsThe accuracy of all neonatal methods tested was higher for long-term neurological outcome compared to the predictive accuracy for short-term neurodevelopmental outcome at 18–24 months. Sensitivity and specificity in predicting unfavorable long-term neurological outcome were: MRI (sensitivity 1.0 [95%CI 0.96–1.0]; specificity 0.91 [95%CI 0.86–1.0]), EEG (sensitivity 0.94 [95%CI 0.71–1.0]; specificity 1.0 [95% CI 0.89–1.0]), and ATNA (sensitivity 0.94 [95%CI 0.71–1.0]; specificity 0.91 [95%CI 0.76–0.98]).ConclusionMRI is a powerful predictor of long-term neurological outcome when performed in the first week after HIE in HT treated infants, as are EEG and ATNA performed in the second or third week postnatally.
Newborn Weight Loss as a Predictor of Persistence of Exclusive Breastfeeding up to 6 Months
Authors: Delfino Enrica , Peano Luca , Wetzl Roberto Giorgio , Giannì Maria Lorella , Netto Roberta , Consales Alessandra , Bettinelli Maria Enrica , Morniroli Daniela , Vielmi Francesca , Mosca Fabio , Montagnani Luca 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between neonatal weight loss and persistence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months.Study DesignAn observational cohort study in the setting of a Baby Friendly Hospital, enrolling 1,260 healthy term dyads. Neonatal percentage of weight loss was collected between 48 and 72 h from birth. Using a questionnaire, all mothers were asked on the phone what the infant's mode of feeding at 10 days, 42 days and 6 months (≥183 days) from birth were. The persistence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months and the occurrence of each event that led to the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding were verified through a logistic analysis that included 40 confounders.ResultsInfants with a weight loss ≥7% were exclusively breastfed at 6 months in a significantly lower percentage of cases than infants with a weight loss &lt;7% (95% CI 0.563 to 0.734, p &lt; 0.001). Weight loss ≥7% significantly increases the occurrence of either sporadic integration with formula milk (95% CI 0.589 to 0.836, p &lt; 0.001), complementary feeding (95% CI 0.460 to 0.713, p &lt; 0.001), exclusive formula feeding (95% CI 0.587 to 0.967, p &lt; 0.001) or weaning (95% CI 0.692 to 0.912, p = 0.02) through the first 6 months of life.ConclusionsWith the limitations of a single-center study, a weight loss ≥7% in the first 72 h after birth appears to be a predictor of an early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding before the recommended 6 months in healthy term exclusively breastfed newborns.
Hybrid Mathieu Urethroplasty vs. Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty for the Management of Distal Penile Hypospadias With a Small Glans
Authors: Kurdi Mazen Omar , Eldessouki Nagi Ibrahim , Khirallah Mohammad Gharieb 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionDistal hypospadias is a common anomaly. Different surgical techniques have evolved through the years to manage this anomaly. Several factors may affect the prognosis. One of them is glans size. We compared the hybrid Mathieu urethroplasty (HMU) and the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) for the management of distal hypospadias with a small glans.MethodsSixty-eight patients with distal hypospadias were included and categorized into two groups. Group A (n = 33) and group B (n = 35) patients were treated by HMU and TIPU, respectively. All patients had a small glans. In group A, the patients underwent Mathieu urethroplasty plus a deep incision of the urethral plate. In group B, the patients underwent TIPU. Urethral stents were used in all cases. Hypospadias objective score evaluation (HOSE) was used to assess the results.ResultsUrethrocutaneous fistulae developed in two cases in group A and six cases in group B. Meatal stenosis was significantly lower (one case in group A vs. eight cases in group B). Glanular dehiscence occurred in two cases in group A and five cases in group B. The small glans strongly correlated with the development of both urethrocutaneous fistulae and meatal stenosis where the odd ratios were 3.500 (1.383–7.879) and 9.481 (1.114–12.669), respectively.ConclusionBoth techniques showed efficacy during management of patients with a small glans. HMU had better outcomes, shorter duration of stent and lesser incidence of complications than TIPU. Small glans was significantly related to urethrocutaneous fistulae and meatal stenosis in group B.
Targets and Effective Constituents of ZhiziBaipi Decoction for Treating Damp-Heat Jaundice Syndrome Based on Chinmedomics Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Wei Wen-feng , Sun Hui , Liu Shao-bo , Lu Sheng-wen , Zhang Ai-hua , Wang Wan-ying , Chai Wen-jun , Wu Fang-fang , Yan Guang-li , Guan Yu , Wang Xi-jun 
Published: April 2022

Background: Damp-heat jaundice syndrome (DHJS) is a diagnostic model of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that refers to jaundice caused by damp-heat pathogen invasion. DHJS is the most common clinical manifestation of TCM, with yellow skin, yellow eyes and anorexia. ZhiziBaipi Decoction (ZBD) is a classic TCM formula that is effective at treating DHJS and various liver diseases. However, the effective components of ZBD in the context of DHJS and the underlying mechanism are unclear.Purpose: This study of ZBD using the DHJS rat model aimed to elucidate the pathobiology of DHJS and the metabolic targets of therapeutic ZBD, construct the network relationship between the components of ZBD and endogenous biomarkers, and clarify the underlying mechanism of ZBD in preventing and treating DHJS.Methods: Using chinmedomics as the core strategy, an animal model was generated, and the therapeutic effect of ZBD was evaluated based on behavioral, histopathological and biochemical indicators. Metabonomics tools were used to identify biomarkers of DHJS, TCM-based serum pharmacochemistry was used to analyze the effective constituents of ZBD, and chinmedomics technology was used to identify ZBD components highly related to DHJS biomarkers.Results: A total of 42 biomarkers were preliminarily identified, and ZBD significantly affected the levels of 29 of these biomarkers. A total of 59 compounds in ZBD were characterized in vivo. According to chinmedomics analysis, the highly correlated components found in blood were isoformononetin, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, oxyberberine, obaculactone and five metabolites.Conclusions: Chinmedomics combined with UPLC-MS/MS was used to study the targets and effective constituents of ZBD for the treatment of DHJS.
Neuropsychological Features of Children and Adolescents With Mitochondrial Disorders: A Descriptive Case Series
Authors: Riquin Elise , Barth Magalie , Le Nerzé Thomas , Pasquini Natwin , Prouteau Clement , Colin Estelle , Amati Bonneau Patrizia , Procaccio Vincent , Van Bogaert Patrick , Duverger Philippe , Bonneau Dominique , Roy Arnaud 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundMitochondrial disorders (MD) are metabolic diseases related to genetic mutations in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA that cause dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms are frequently associated with MD in the adult population. The aim of this study is to describe the neuropsychological profile in children and adolescents with MD.MethodsWe prospectively recruited a sample of 12 children and adolescents between February 2019 and February 2020 in the Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders of Angers (France). Participants and their parents completed an anamnestic form describing socio-demographic data and completed the WISC-V (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th edition) and the Parent and Teacher forms of the BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function).ResultsIn our sample, the mean IQ (Intellectual Quotient) score was 87.3 ± 25.3. The score ranged from 52 to 120. Concerning executive functions, a significant global clinical complaint was found for parents (six times more than normal) and to a lesser extent, for teachers (among 3 to 4 times more). Levels of intelligence and executive functioning were globally linked in our cohort but dissociation remains a possibility.ConclusionThe results of this study show that MD can be associated to neuropsychological disorders in children and adolescents, especially regarding the intelligence quotient and the executive function. Our study also highlights the need for regular neuropsychological assessments in individuals with MD and developing brains, such as children and adolescents.
Development and Validation of the Short-LIMOS for the Acute Stroke Unit—A Short Version of the Lucerne ICF-Based Multidisciplinary Observation Scale
Authors: Ottiger Beatrice , Vanbellingen Tim , Cazzoli Dario , Nyffeler Thomas , Veerbeek Janne M. 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionAt hospital stroke units, the time available to assess the patient's limitations in activities and participation is limited, although being essential for discharge planning. Till date, there is no quick-to-perform instrument available that captures the patient's actual performance during daily activities from a motor, cognitive, and communication perspective within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Therefore, the aim was to develop and validate a shortened version of the Lucerne ICF-Based Multidisciplinary Observation Scale (Short-LIMOS) that observes the patient's performance across ICF-domains and is applicable in the context of an acute stroke unit.MethodsThe Short-LIMOS was developed by reducing the original 45-item LIMOS to the ten most important items using a multivariable linear regression ANOVA with data of 836 stroke patients collected during inpatient neurorehabilitation. The Short-LIMOS's reliability, validity, and responsiveness were evaluated with data of 416 stroke patients in the acute stroke unit.ResultsA significant equation [F(10,825) = 232.083] with R2 of 0.738 was found for the following ten items for the Short-LIMOS: maintaining a body position (d415), changing basic body position (d410), climbing stairs (d4551), eating (d550), dressing (d540), communicating with—receiving—written messages (reading) (d325), applying knowledge, remembering facts (d179), solving complex problems (d1751), making simple decisions (d177), and undertaking a simple task (d2100). Principal component analysis revealed a Short-LIMOS motor and a Short-LIMOS cognition/communication component. The Short-LIMOS had a high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. A moderate construct validity was shown by the significant correlation with the Barthel Index. The Short-LIMOS had neither floor nor ceiling effects.Discussion and ConclusionThe developed Short-LIMOS was found to be reliable and valid within a population of (hyper)acute and subacute stroke patients. The added value of this multidisciplinary assessment is its comprehensiveness by capturing the patient's actual performance on the motor, cognitive, and communication domain embedded in an ICF-framework in &lt;10 mins.
Application of Integrated Emergency Care Model Based on Failure Modes and Effects Analysis in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Yuying , Chang Qing , Chen Jing , Zou Xiangkun , Xue Qian , Song Aixia 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo explore the application value of an integrated emergency care model based on failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsAccording to the convenience sampling method, 100 patients with AIS who visited the emergency department in our hospital from October 2018 to March 2019 were randomly selected as the control group and received routine emergency care mode intervention. Another 100 AIS patients who visited the emergency department from April to October 2019 were selected as the intervention group and received the integrated emergency care model based on FMEA. The total time spent from admission to completion of each emergency procedure [total time spent from admission to emergency physician reception (T0−1), total time spent from admission to stroke team reception (T0−2), total time spent from admission to imaging report out (T0−3), total time spent from admission to laboratory report out (T0−4), and total time spent from admission to intravenous thrombolysis (T0−5)] was recorded for both groups. The clinical outcome indicators (vascular recanalization rate, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage incidence, mortality rate) were observed for both groups. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and Barthel score were evaluated for both groups after the intervention. The treatment satisfaction rate of the patients was investigated for both groups.ResultsThe total time of T0−1, T0−2, T0−3, T0−4, T0−5 in the intervention group (0.55 ± 0.15, 1.23 ± 0.30, 21.24 ± 3.01, 33.30 ± 5.28, 44.19 ± 7.02) min was shorter than that of the control group (1.22 ± 0.28, 4.01 ± 1.06, 34.12 ± 4.44, 72.48 ± 8.27, 80.31 ± 9.22) min (P &lt; 0.05). The vascular recanalization rate in the intervention group (23.00%) was higher than that in the control group (12.00%) (P &lt; 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage incidence and mortality rate in the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). After intervention, the NIHSS score of the intervention group (2.95 ± 0.91) was lower than that of the control group (6.10 ± 2.02), and the Barthel score (77.58 ± 7.33) was higher than that of the control group (53.34 ± 5.12) (P &lt; 0.05). The treatment satisfaction rate in the intervention group (95.00%) was higher than that of the control group (86.00%) (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThrough FMEA, the failure mode that affects the emergency time of AIS patients is effectively analyzed and the targeted optimization process is proposed, which are important to enhance the efficiency and success rate of resuscitation of medical and nursing staff and improve the prognosis and life ability of patients.
Presentation Variables Associated With the Development of Severe Post-obstructive Diuresis in Male Cats Following Relief of Urethral Obstruction
Authors: Muller Kelly M. , Burkitt-Creedon Jamie M. , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: April 2022

Background:Diuresis following relief of urethral obstruction is a potentially life-threatening complication of feline urethral obstruction. Evidence regarding the incidence of post-obstructive diuresis (POD) in cats is scarce. Establishing historical, physical examination, and initial clinicopathologic variables associated with risk for developing POD may better enable clinicians to direct treatment for this common feline emergency and to educate clients regarding financial expectations.ObjectivesTo report the incidence of POD in a large group of cats with urethral obstruction and determine whether select presenting physical examination or initial clinicopathologic variables may predict the onset or severity of POD.MethodsThe records of 260 cats that were admitted to the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for urethral obstruction were reviewed. Urine output after urethral catherization was categorized into no POD (urine output ≤ 2 mL/kg/h), mild-moderate POD (urine output &gt; 2 but &lt;5 mL/kg/h) and severe POD (urine output ≥ 5 mL/kg/h). Select presentation physical examination, venous acid-base, electrolyte, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis results were compared among the groups.Results67.7% of cats experienced POD, and in 35% of cats it was categorized as severe. Evaluated historical and physical examination variables correlated with development of POD were lower body weight and, for severe POD, hypovolemia. Clinicopathologic variables associated with development of POD included acidemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Cats with severe POD were hospitalized a median of 1 day longer than those without POD.ConclusionsResults of the present study indicate that there are presentation variables associated with onset and severity of POD following relief of feline urethral obstruction.
Inequalities in Trust Levels and Compliance With Physical Distancing During COVID-19 Outbreaks: Comparing the Arab Minority and Jewish Populations in Israel
Authors: Shibli Haneen , Palkin Daiana , Aharonson-Daniel Limor , Davidovitch Nadav , Daoud Nihaya 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This study explores associations between trust in directives and compliance with physical distancing by comparing two populations in Israel.Methods: Following two lockdowns, we conducted two cross-sectional surveys among the Arab minority and Jewish citizens of Israel (first survey, N = 613; second survey, N = 542). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses for the association between trust and compliance with physical distancing separately for each group in each survey.Results: In both surveys trust levels were significantly lower among Arabs than Jews (p &lt; 0.001). Compared to Jews, Arabs were less likely to report compliance with physical distancing in the first and second surveys (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.84 and OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.98, respectively). In both surveys trusting the directives was an important determinant of compliance with physical distancing among Jews only.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that momentum is important in building and maintaining public trust and compliance during pandemics. Policymakers should note the lack of trust among Arabs, which warrants further research and interventions.
The role of MRI-guided focused ultrasound in neurosurgery
Authors: Dabija Marius Gabriel , Nechifor Ioan Sebastian , Dabija Vlad Andrei , Costachescu Bogdan , Eva Lucian 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. MRgFUS is a novel technology, which can have profound implications in the current treatment of neurological disorders. Its applications range widely, from the alteration of the blood-brain barrier, ablation of tumours to the treatment of movement disorders.
Objective. To review, following thorough research of the literature, the principles of its use in the treatment of neurological diseases and the main reported evidence of its clinical implementation.
Material and method. Interrogation of the MEDLINE database, using the PubMed search engine, for the following MESH words: “MRgFUS”, “FUS” “BRAIN”, from 2000 to the current year.
Conclusion. MRgFUS can be safely used today for the treatment of Essential Tremor. New research is warranted for the evaluation of its safety and effectiveness in other neurological disorders.