bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0294 Voluntary Alcohol Consumption and Sleep Deprivation in Rats
Authors: Khan Aesha , Trice Catharine , Holt Daniel , Dyche Jeff 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Alcohol is one of the most common psychoactive drugs that has depressant effects on the central nervous system. The vast majority of research on alcohol and sleep indicates chronic alcohol consumption has a detrimental impact on sleep architecture and homeostasis. However, less research has explored the effects of sleep deprivation on alcohol consumption; that is, the relationship in the opposite direction. Previous animal studies have explored a potential bi-directional relationship between sleep and alcohol with promising results. However, there was concern that the potential relationship may be a result of stress as a by-product of the sleep deprivation method. The present study examines the effect of sleep deprivation on voluntary alcohol consumption using two sleep deprivation methods in the rat, forced exercise wheels and the automated sleep deprivation system.

Methods
Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats had ad libitum access to a 7% alcohol solution and water. Alcohol and water consumption was measured daily at 0900. Baseline consumption levels were recorded in the home cage prior to introduction to the sleep deprivation equipment. Following baseline, rats were placed in the stationary equipment for the first sleep deprivation environment control. Rats were then subjected to 6hr/day of sleep deprivation for five consecutive days in either the forced exercise wheel (n=6) or the automated sleep deprivation system (n=6). After sleep deprivation, rats were placed back in the stationary equipment as a second control measure. In total, there were four conditions, home cage baseline, first sleep deprivation environment control, sleep deprivation, second environment control.

Results
Data indicates that rats consumed significantly more alcohol in the sleep deprivation condition and the second sleep deprivation control. There was no difference between the two sleep deprivation methods. The mean alcohol consumption (g/kg) significantly increased from the sleep deprivation condition to the second environment control indicating a cumulative effect.

Conclusion
The increase in alcohol consumption in the final condition rejects the hypothesis of a bi-directional relationship. Instead, the data suggests potential receptor downregulation due to alcohol exposure over time and a conditioned compensatory effect of the sleep deprivation environment. Research methodology issues also may have confounded results.

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0302 Recovery Sleep in University Students
Authors: Spaeth Andrea , Glavin Emily 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep hygiene is common in American college students, with the majority reporting insufficient sleep. Previous studies suggest that many students extend sleep during the weekend to recover sleep debt accrued during the week. In the current study we objectively measured sleep to determine if weekend catch-up sleep was practiced. We also provided students with a 9h sleep opportunity in order to observe how an extended sleep period affected sleep architecture.

Methods
Students (N=36, 20 women, 19.9±1.7 years) participated in the study from September 2019-March 2020. Sleep-wake behavior was assessed for two weeks using wrist actigraphy and a twice-daily diary. During this two-week period, participants wore at-home polysomnography (PSG) on two non-consecutive nights. For these two nights, in counterbalanced order, participants were instructed to follow their typical sleep pattern or to extend their sleep opportunity to 9h. Within-subjects ANOVA were used to compare sleep between week (Sunday-Thursday) and weekend (Friday and Saturday) nights as well as between typical and 9h PSG nights.

Results
Compared to week nights, participants went to bed 35 minutes later and woke up 58 minutes later on weekend nights (ps&lt;0.01). Measures of sleep duration and sleep continuity were comparable (ps&gt;0.10) between week and weekend nights and indicated that students averaged less than 7h of sleep per night (6.3±1.0h on week nights and 6.7±1.1h on weekend nights). Self-report measures of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were also comparable between week and weekend nights (ps&gt;0.05). When instructed to extend their sleep opportunity to 9h, participants exhibited high adherence and increased total sleep time by 88 minutes compared to the typical night (p&lt;0.05). This increase in sleep was due to significant increases in time spent in all four stages of sleep (NREM S1-3 and REM sleep, ps&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
In this study, students did not utilize weekend nights to extend sleep in order to recover accumulated sleep debt from the week. When provided with a 9h sleep opportunity, participants were physically able to extend sleep and exhibited high quality sleep, suggesting that the primary driver of insufficient sleep in this population is a lack of sleep opportunity rather than impaired sleep ability.

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0306 Normative Data of Cyclic Alternating Pattern across the Lifespan
Authors: Migueis Debora , Lopes Maria-Cecilia , Spruyt Karen , Lacerda Glenda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a marker of sleep instability, and neuroplasticity. Slow wave sleep has been described as a stable period, and CAP can be a marker of funcional delta sleep. The aim of this review was to evaluate the normative data of CAP parameters according to the aging process in healthy subjects.

Methods
Two authors independently searched databases using PRISMA guidelines through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and tests for heterogeneity were conducted. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of CAP variables. Meta-analyses were performed by using Comprehensive Meta- Analysis software. Data extracted from tables provide

Results
We found the evolution of CAP rate across the lifespan. Squares and diamond represent the CAP mean while bars represent the CAP range between 95% CI values according to each age range. We analysed 168 healthy individuals by CAP analyses. Scoring of CAP can begin at 3 months of life, when K-complexes, delta bursts, or spindles can be recognized. Rate of CAP increased with age, mainly during the first 2 years of life, then decreased in adolescence, and increased in the elderly. The A1 CAP subtype and CAP rate were high in school-aged children during slow-wave sleep (SWS). Our meta-analysis registered the lowest CAP rate in infants younger than 2 years old and the highest in the elderly.

Conclusion
The normative data of CAP in NREM sleep can be connected with brain maturation.The CAP rate increased with age and sleep depth, especially during SWS. These data in sleep disorders can be a treatment goal. CAP may reflect neurodiversity of endophenotype and human cronobiotypes. Further studies about CAP subtypes are needed.

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0308 The stability of slow wave sleep and EEG microstructure measures across two consecutive nights of laboratory polysomnography in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Mullins Anna , Parekh Ankit , Kam Korey , Bubu Omonigho , Schoenholz Reagan , Patel Shayna , Kovasyuk Zanetta , Castillo Bresne , Roberts Zachary , Rapoport David , Ayappa Indu , Varga Andrew , Osorio Ricardi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Healthy and sleep disordered populations show high night-to-night variability of polysomnographic (PSG) macrostructure metrics, however there is evidence of stability in EEG microstructure. In-laboratory PSG is critical to gold standard measures of sleep physiology but multi-night investigations are resource heavy and burdensome to participants. Given the theoretical link between sleep and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (tau and β-amyloid burden), we assessed the night-to-night reliability of sleep macrostructure and EEG microstructure in a group of cognitively normal elderly participating in aging and memory studies.

Methods
107 participants (mean = 67±8 yrs., range [54-84 yrs.], 72% female) attended 2 consecutive nights PSG scored according to AASM guidelines for sleep staging, respiratory and leg movement events. Midline EEG (Fz, Cz and Pz referenced to average mastoid signals) were analyzed in 98 participants using an automatic algorithm (DETOKS) for detection of relative slow wave (0.5-4Hz) activity (SWA), NREM2 spindle and K-complexes (KC) densities. Differences between night 1 and 2 for total sleep time (TST), slow wave sleep (SWS), rapid eye movement (REM), stage 2 (%NREM 2), sleep efficiency (SE), apnea hypopnea (AHI) and periodic limb movement (PLM) indices, and EEG microstructure were assessed using t-tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests where appropriate. Two-way intraclass correlations (ICC) for single unit and absolute agreement were used to determine variability between nights for all measures.

Results
Night 2 PSGs showed significantly greater TST (6.3 vs 6.8 hours, p&lt;0.001), %REM (17.5 vs 19.7, p&lt;0.001), SE (84.9 vs 87.4%, p&lt;0.02) and SWA (Fz:76.8 vs 78.0%, p&lt;0.01). There were no significant differences between nights for %SWS, %NREM2, AHI, PLMs, spindle and KC densities. ICC and 95% confidence interval estimates were low for TST(0.28), %REM(0.32) and SE(0.32), moderate for %SWS(0.67) and %NREM2(0.59), good for AHI(0.78), SWA(Fz:0.86) and KCs(Fz:0.85), and excellent for PLMs(0.91) and spindles (Pz:0.97).

Conclusion
SWS, SWA, spindles, KC’s, AHI and PLM indices show good to excellent intra-individual stability across two consecutive nights of PSG. Although there were differences in %REM, SE and SWA, these were numerically small and perhaps functionally or clinically less significant. One night of in-lab PSG is enough to provide reliable estimates of individuals’ SWS, SWA, spindles, KC’s and sleep disorders.

Support (If Any)
Funding NIH R21AG055002, K24HL109156, R01AG056682, R01AG056531
0310 Sleep Health Characteristics in Sedentary Desk-Based Workers
Authors: Cheruka Caitlin , Egeler Mara , Kubala Andrew , Vogan Olivia , Patel Sanjay , Hall Martica , Jakicic John , Perera Subashan , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Kline Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Many occupations consist of predominantly desk-based work, which leads to prolonged periods of sitting during the workday. Excessive periods of sedentary behavior could have a negative impact on health outcomes, including sleep. The purpose of this study was to characterize sleep health in a sample of sedentary desk-based workers.

Methods
This secondary analysis of baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial included 125 inactive adults with elevated, nonmedicated blood pressure and desk-based occupations (49.6% female, age=43.9±10.6 y, 85.6% White race, body mass index [BMI]=30.9±6.4 kg/m²). Sleep was assessed using validated questionnaires (e.g., Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) and 7 nights of actigraphy. Six dimensions of sleep health (regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration) were categorized as “good” or “poor”; a composite score summed good sleep health dimensions on a scale of 0-6.

Results
The mean sleep health score was 4.7±1.1; 24.8% of participants met “good” criteria for all 6 sleep health dimensions. The most common “good” sleep health dimensions were efficiency (89.0%) and alertness (87.2%); the least common was regularity (60%). The mean PSQI score was 5.5±3.0, and 41.6% had poor sleep quality (PSQI &gt;5); a trend was observed in adults with poor sleep quality to have lower sleep health (p=0.055). The mean ISI score was 7.1±4.7, and 40% had at least mild-severity insomnia symptoms (ISI ≥8); those with insomnia symptoms had significantly lower sleep health compared to those without insomnia symptoms (p=0.04). Sleep health was not significantly correlated with age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, or mean daily sedentary behavior (each r≤ .08, p≥0.38) and did not differ between males and females (p=0.26). However, White adults had significantly better sleep health compared to their non-White counterparts (6.4% Black, 5.6% Asian, 2.4% other) (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
This sample of sedentary desk-based workers presented generally good sleep health. This warrants future investigations comparing adults with different levels of occupational activity and non-desk-based occupations to understand why highly sedentary behavior is associated with negative health outcomes.

Support (If Any)
This study was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL134809 and R01HL147610.
0311 The day after: how does a poor sleep perception affect pain during the night?
Authors: Morelhao Priscila , Fernandes Guilherme , Dokkedal-Silva Vinícius , Pires Gabriel , Tufik Sergio , Andersen Monica 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Senescence generates repercussions on sleep, including increased difficulty to initiate and maintain sleep, more awakenings, diurnal naps, and a propensity to polyphasic sleep. These disorders might be more common in older individuals with musculoskeletal pain. In this sense, the relationship between sleep and pain is considered to be bidirectional. However, it is unclear in the literature whether feeling pain during the night could be associated with poor subjective sleep quality. Our objective was to describe a measurement model that appropriately conveys the link between sleep and feeling pain at night.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted, using a dataset from the 2015 São Paulo Epidemiological Sleep Study (EPISONO), including only individuals aged 60 years or more. Two constructs were formulated: an objective sleep quality construct, based on the polysomnography (PSG) performed on all EPISONO volunteers and a subjective sleep quality construct, formed by the self-reported answers in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Musculoskeletal pain was assessed by 1. Did you feel any pain during the night? 2. Did you wake up feeling pain? (Possible answers: “Yes” or “No”). We used exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to identify the significant variables.

Results
A total of 152 older adults was analyzed in this study. The PSQI and ISI indicate poor perception of sleep or a high frequency of sleep complaints in proportion to their score, the resulting latent factor was labelled poor sleep perception. The exploratory factor analysis assessed the measurement models of the latent factors and resulted in the inclusion of sleep-related variables: wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, latency to sleep onset and amount of N1 stage in the objective sleep quality factor. However, this factor was not associated with felling pain during the night and woke up with pain.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that poor sleep perception was associated with feeling pain at night in older adults. These results contribute for the improvement of future clinical evaluations of patients presenting musculoskeletal pain and sleep complaints and highlight the importance of considering both factors simultaneously during treatment.

Support (If Any)
The study was supported by Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa (AFIP) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES Finance Code 001 to GLF) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico Tecnológico (CNPq–Grant #133397/2017-3, #141445/2021-1 to GLF); MLA and ST are Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) fellowship recipients.
0317 Interaction of Sleep and Emotion Across the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Meers Jessica , Bower Joanne , Nowakowski Sara , Alfano Candice 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Women experience increased risk for sleep and affective disorders compared to men, attributed in part to monthly oscillations in sex hormones. Emotional functioning worsens during the perimenstrual phase. There is increasing evidence that sleep continuity also decreases during this phase. Thus, this study examined the interactive effects of sleep and menstrual phase on emotion across two menstrual cycles in healthy women.

Methods
Participants (N=51, 43% Caucasian) aged 18-35 (m=23.67) completed actigraphy and daily sleep/emotion diaries over two menstrual cycles (m days=51.29). Cycles were identified via date of menses and urinary ovulation detection, and coded into four phases: perimenstrual, mid-follicular, periovulatory, and mid-luteal. The perimenstrual phase was defined the 3 days prior to and the 3 days following menses onset. Variables included diary and actigraphic total wake time (TWT), daily ratings of positive (happy, calm, enthusiastic) and negative (angry, afraid, sad) affect using a 9-point scale. Relationships between phase, sleep, and emotion were estimated using multistep hierarchical linear modeling. Pandemic-related stress and daily US and region-specific COVID-19 case counts were included as covariates in adjusted models.

Results
Mean menstrual cycle length was 28.61±2.69 days. Menstrual phase was first entered into models as predictors for sleep and emotion variables independently. The perimenstrual phase positively predicted anger (p&lt;.001) but no other emotions. Additionally, the perimenstrual phase predicted higher rates of TWT, such that diary-reported TWT was 8-16 minutes longer during the perimenstrual (m=67.54, SE=3.37) compared to other phases (p&lt;.001). Actigraphic TWT was also increased by 4-7 minutes (m=61.54, SE=3.37) in the perimenstrual phase (p&lt;.001). A second model included the interaction term, TWT*phase to the original model. Positive emotions were .05-.10 points lower (p’s=.006-.02) when TWT was greater in the perimenstrual phase.

Conclusion
Menstruating women experienced greater rates of anger and sleep disruption during the perimenstrual phase compared to other phases. When poor sleep occurred during the perimenstrual phase, however, women reported reduced positive emotions. Sleep disruptions, particularly occurring during the perimenstrual phase, may be an important intervention target for women at risk for affective disorders. Future studies should be mindful to assess menstrual phases when assessing sleep and circadian rhythm.

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0320 Sex Differences in Sleep Quality and Biomarker Levels in Service Members and Veterans with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Guedes Vivian , Mithani Sara , Gottshall Jackie , Lai Chen , Devoto Christina , Gill Jessica , Kenney Kimbra , Werner J Kent 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in military populations and are frequently associated with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite the recent increase in female representation in the military, few studies have focused on sex differences in sleep quality in military populations. In this study, we examined biological sex differences in self-reported sleep quality and blood levels of protein biomarkers of TBI in a cohort of service members and veterans with chronic mild TBI (mTBI).

Methods
Participants (n=1,121) were enrolled in the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (CENC)/Long Term Impact of Military Brain Injury Consortium (LIMBIC) study. Females (n=147) and males (n=974) were classified into control (n=192, no TBI history) or mTBI (n=929, positive history of mTBI) groups. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed using PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Plasma levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), Tau, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were analyzed using a Simoa HD-X analyzer.

Results
Regression models revealed higher PSQI scores in females than males (ß(SE)=1.36(0.40), p =0.001) and in the TBI group (ß(SE)=1.97(0.36), p&lt;0.001) in comparison to controls. TBI x sex interaction was not statistically significant. Within the mTBI group, females had higher PSQI scores (p=0.031) and GFAP levels (p&lt;0.001) than males, which remained significant when controlling for demographics, number of mTBIs, and time since last mTBI. No other significant differences in biomarker levels were observed. In men, but not women, higher levels of GFAP were associated with lower PSQI scores (ß(SE)=-1.38(0.43), p=0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest sex differences in sleep quality after mTBI, providing insights into possible mechanisms underlying the development of chronic symptoms in military populations. Our results support the need for considering biological sex in the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for chronic TBI-related sleep disorders.

Support (If Any)
This work was supported by grant funding from: The U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command, from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Long-term Impact of Military-related Brain Injury Consortium/Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium under Award No.1I01CX002097-01 and the U.S Department of Defense under Award No.W81XWH-18-PH/TBIRP-LIMBIC.
0321 Poor Agreement Among Self-Reported and Objective Sleep Deficiency Assessments in Older Persons
Authors: Miner Brienne , Yaggi Henry , Gill Thomas , Doyle Margaret , Stone Katie , Redline Susan , Ensrud Kristine , Blackwell Terri , Knauert Melissa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Many traditional sleep questionnaires were developed in younger populations and may have poor sensitivity to detect objective sleep deficiency in older persons due to atypical presentations, aging-related decreases in symptom awareness, and different expectations about health.

Methods
In a secondary analysis of data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS; Sleep Visit 1) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF Visit 9), we evaluated the prevalence of objective sleep deficiency among persons with scores in the normal range on traditional sleep questionnaires (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] &lt;6 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] &lt;11). Objective sleep deficiency was established based on presence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB; apnea hypopnea index [at &gt;4% desaturation] per hour of sleep ≥15 on polysomnography), insufficient sleep duration (average sleep duration &lt;6 hours on actigraphy), or impairment in daytime sustained attention/alertness (falling in the worst quartile of Digit Vigilance Test scores for the sex-specific cohort).

Results
Average ages were 76±6 and 84±4 years in men and women, respectively. Among men with normal scores on the PSQI and ESS, 359/1527 (25%) had SDB, 428/1519 (28%) had insufficient sleep duration, and 346/1527 (23%) had impaired daytime attention/alertness. Among women with normal scores on both the PSQI and ESS, 72/185 (40%) had SDB, 318/1332 (24%) had insufficient sleep duration, and 140/546 (26%) had impaired daytime attention/alertness.

Conclusion
A substantial proportion of older men and women with normal scores on traditional sleep questionnaires have objective sleep deficits, suggesting a need to develop instruments to improve detection of sleep deficiency in this population.

Support (If Any)
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation, Yale Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Patterson Trust, National Institute on Aging