bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of 3D models and animations on students in natural subjects
Authors: Teplá Milada , Teplý Pavel , Šmejkal Petr 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies comparing the effect of dynamic and static visualization suggest a predominantly positive effect of dynamic visualization. However, the results of individual comparisons are highly heterogeneous. In this study, we assess whether dynamic visualization (3D models and animations) used in the experimental group has a stronger positive influence on the intrinsic motivation and learning outcomes of science students (Biology, Chemistry and Geology) than static visualization used in the control group, and whether selected variables (students’ gender, age, educational level, learning domain, and teacher personality) significantly affect the results.

Results
This study was conducted in 2019 with a sample of 565 students from Czech middle (aged 11–15 years) and high (aged 15–19 years) schools using the following research tools: Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and knowledge tests. The results show that using 3D models and animations in the teaching process significantly increased the students’ intrinsic motivation for learning natural sciences (more specifically, its components (1) interest, (2) effort to actively participate in the educational process, (3) perceived competence and (4) understanding the usefulness of the subject matter), with a mean Hedges’ g = 0.38. In addition, students in the experimental group reached a significantly higher level of Chemistry knowledge than their peers in the control group. Furthermore, by moderator analysis, we identified three moderator variables, namely student age, instructional domain and teacher personality. These variables significantly affect intrinsic motivation in different ways. The strongest positive effect of dynamic visualizations was found among students aged 11–13, whereas the weakest positive effect was identified among students aged 14–16. Regarding instructional domain animations and 3D models, the strongest positive effect is found in Chemistry (g = 0.74) and Biology (g = 0.72), whereas the positive impact on Geology is significantly weaker (g = 0.45). Teacher personality was found to be a major moderator in student motivation, with significant differences (g = 0.40—1.24). Teachers’ attitude towards modern technology plays an important role concerning this effect.

Conclusions
Based on these findings, we conclude that 3D models and animations have a positive effect on students and that teachers should include these visual aids in their lessons. For this reason, teachers are encouraged to implement these dynamic visual aids in their lessons regardless of their beliefs, and to get an adequate support in the process of implementation if necessary.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting small airways: a new perspective for biological therapies in severe asthma
Authors: Lombardi Carlo , Cottini Marcello , Berti Alvise , Comberiati Pasquale 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSmall airway dysfunction (SAD) in asthma is characterized by the inflammation and narrowing of airways with less of 2 mm in diameter between generations 8 and 23 of the bronchial tree. It is now widely accepted that small airways are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and are a major determinant of airflow obstruction in this disease. In recent years, specialized tests have been developed, such as Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) and Multiple Breath Nitrogen Washout (MBNW) tests, which have been deemed more accurate in detecting SAD than conventional spirometry. Clinical studies show that SAD is associated with more severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness, worse asthma control, and a higher risk of exacerbations. Recent data from a large cohort study showed that the prevalence of SAD in asthma patients increases with asthma severity. Overall, SAD seems to represent a treatable trait, which makes it appealing for asthma control optimization and exacerbation rate reduction, especially in moderate-to-severe asthma.Biologic agents are now available for the treatment of different severe asthma phenotypes and endotypes. However, the effect of these therapies on SAD remains poorly characterized. Literature showing that biologic agents can also favorably improve small airway function is accumulating. In particular, anti-IL5 agents (mepolizumab and benralizumab) seems to have a greater impact on SAD as compared to other biological agents, but direct comparisons in prospective randomized controlled trials are lacking.In this mini-review article, we address the latest evidence on the effect of biological therapies on SAD in patients with severe asthma.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Oral health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative analysis
Authors: Parsaei Amirhossein , Mehdipour Aida , Ghadimi Hamidreza , Mohammadi Kooshki Ashkan , Shajari Parisa , Masoumi Maryam , Torabi Pouya , Azizi Hossein , Amini Behnam , Karimi Hanie , Dehghanbanadaki Hojat , Aghaali Mohammad , Moradi Soroush 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Compared to the healthy population, the psychological impact of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) on patients' lives could dramatically lower their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Our goal is to analyze OHRQoL in RA patients and look into the role of disease activity, dental health index, and Temporomandibular disorders score in maintaining their oral health.

Methods
In a cross-sectional comparative study, we compared a sample of 40 RA patients with 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls in terms of oral health and OHRQoL. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD), number of decayed, filled, or missing teeth (DMFT), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) were among the oral health factors studied (OHIP-14). This study also looked at the link between the RA disease activity score (DAS28) and oral health factors.

Results
RA patients had a significantly higher mean (poorer OHRQol) than healthy controls in total oral function, total psychosocial impact, OHIP-14 sum score, OHIP-14 extent score, TMD score and the number of missed teeth (Mann–Whitney U test, P-value < 0.05). After adjustment for DMFT, only the oral function score of OHIP-14 had a significant correlation with disease activity (Mann–Whitney U test, P-value < 0.05). The TMD sum score significantly correlated with disease activity regardless of adjustment for DMFT (Spearman's Correlation test, P-value < 0.05 for both). The number of decayed teeth and missed teeth showed a positive correlation with increased disease activity (Coefficient = 0.239 and 0.245, P-value < 0.05 for both).

Conclusions
Patients with RA are less satisfied with their oral health than healthy controls. In RA patients, the number of missing teeth and temporomandibular disorders was substantially greater, and the number of missing teeth and temporomandibular diseases increased significantly with increased disease activity. Although OHRQoL was inversely connected with RA activity, after correcting for decaying, missing, and filled teeth, only the oral function score of OHIP-14 exhibited a slight connection to DAS28.
Using real mobility patterns to assess the impact of 100% electrified mobility in a German city
Authors: Klingert Sonja , Lee Jong-Won 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUntil now, individual motorized mobility has been almost exclusively powered by fossil energy sources. The battle against climate change, however, requires a transformation of the mobility system with the ultimate objective of a full electrification of transport. Ultimately, this will increase considerably the load on the distribution grid both in overall size and through temporarily and locally distributed charging. This paper explores the effects of an assumed full electrification of individual motorized transport on the power grid in a major German city using real traffic data collected from a German traffic panel and employing a microscopic and dynamic travel simulation with the Simulation of Urban MObility tool. The main finding of the traffic simulation is that the local and temporary impact on the distribution grid is very sensitive to the distribution of charging stations and their geographical aggregation in transformers. However, behavior change in the form of charging at different points in time and locations or using less power can alleviate local peaks, up to 50% in the simulated scenario. Therefore, this paper addresses the previously uncovered need for a more profound and realistic computation that includes all important aspects of a proper traffic simulation. It further extends the barely covered field of dynamic simulations that operate on real mobility data. With that, limitations arise from the process of transposing driving data into geographical data as it is very sensitive to underlying assumptions. However, we are convinced that the spatialization of charging stations and the randomization of trip assignments represent the most transparent and meaningful way of overcoming these limiting factors.
Sex differences in etiology and short-term outcome in young ischemic stroke patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Weber Ralph , Winezki Evgenia , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Cueillette Melissa , Hajjar Karim , Yamac Elif , Veltkamp Roland , Chapot Rene 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Although there are well known sex differences in older patients with ischemic stroke receiving acute reperfusion treatments, there is paucity of data in younger patients.

Methods
We investigated sex-related differences in clinical presentation, stroke etiology and short-term outcomes in consecutive young patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) below the age of 50 years receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT) between January 2011 and May 2021 in a tertiary stroke center.

Results
We identified a total of 202 young ischemic stroke patients with MT, with 51% being female. Young female AIS patients were significantly younger (39 ± 8 vs. 43 ± 7 years, p < 0.001), and presented with a trend for more severe stroke on admission (median NIHSS 12 vs. 9, p = 0.065), compared to males, respectively. Young female AIS patients had higher rates of embolic strokes of determined or undetermined sources in the anterior circulation, while young male AIS patients suffered more often strokes of arterio-arterial embolism. Complete reperfusion (TICI score 3) was achieved significantly less often in young female AIS patients (69% vs. 83%, p = 0.006), and in-hospital mortality was 2-times higher (5% vs. 2%, p = 0.271) compared to males.

Conclusions
Young female AIS patients receiving MT have higher rates of severe embolic strokes and less often complete reperfusion due to different occlusion sites and stroke etiology compared to males.
Application of surrogate models to stability analysis and transition prediction in hypersonic flows
Authors: Nie Han , Song Wenping , Han Zhonghua , Tu Guohua , Chen Jianqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo increase the efficiency and robustness of stability-based transition prediction in flow simulations, simplified methods are introduced to substitute direct stability analyses for rapid disturbance growth prediction. For low-speed boundary layers, these methods are mainly established based on self-similar assumptions, which are not applicable to non-similar boundary layers in hypersonic flows. The objective of this article is to investigate the application of surrogate models to stability analysis of non-similar flows over blunt cones, focused on parameterization of boundary-layer (BL) profiles. Firstly, correlations between BL edge and profile parameters are analyzed, along with self-similar flow parameters and discrete points on BL profiles, which present four groups of BL characteristic parameters. Secondly, using these parameters as inputs, surrogate models are built for disturbance growth prediction over an MF-1 blunt cone. Results show that, surrogate models using four BL edge parameters and a BL shape factor {Ue, Te, ρe, ηe, H12} for stability analysis can achieve comparable accuracy with those using 16 discrete BL profile parameters, which are more precise than those using merely self-similar parameters or BL edge parameters. Thirdly, the established surrogate models are validated by stability analysis and transition prediction over the MF-1 blunt cone in flight experiments at the instants of t = 17 s ~ 22 s. Compared with direct linear stability analyses, the mean relative error of predicted disturbance growth rates by surrogate models is 8.0% and the maximum relative error of N factor envelopes is 6.6%, which indicates feasible applications of surrogate models to stability analysis and transition prediction of non-similar boundary layers in hypersonic flows.
Observable-specific phase biases of Wuhan multi-GNSS experiment analysis center’s rapid satellite products
Authors: Geng Jianghui , Zhang Qiyuan , Li Guangcai , Liu Jingnan , Liu Donglie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrecise Point Positioning (PPP) with Ambiguity Resolution (AR) is an important high-precision positioning technique that is gaining popularity in geodetic and geophysical applications. The implementation of PPP-AR requires precise products such as orbits, clocks, code, and phase biases. As one of the analysis centers of the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS), the Wuhan University Multi-GNSS experiment (WUM) Analysis Center (AC) has provided multi-GNSS Observable-Specific Bias (OSB) products with the associated orbit and clock products. In this article, we first introduce the models and generation strategies of WUM rapid phase clock/bias products and orbit-related products (with a latency of less than 16 h). Then, we assess the performance of these products by comparing them with those of other ACs and by testing the PPP-AR positioning precision, using data from Day of the Year (DOY) 047 to DOY 078 in 2022. It is found that the peak-to-peak value of phase OSBs is within 2 ns, and their fluctuations are caused by the clock day boundary discontinuities. The associated Global Positioning System (GPS) orbits have the best consistency with European Space Agency (ESA) products, and those of other systems rank in the medium place. GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) clocks show slightly inconsistency with other ACs’ due to the antenna thrust power adopted, while the phase clocks of other GNSSs show no distortion compared with legacy clocks. With well-estimated phase products for Precise Orbit Determination (POD), the intrinsic precision is improved by 14%, 17%, and 24% for GPS, Galileo navigation satellite system (Galileo), and BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3), respectively. The root mean square of PPP-AR using our products in static mode with respect to IGS weekly solutions can reach 0.16 cm, 0.16 cm, and 0.44 cm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. The multi-GNSS wide-lane ambiguity fixing rates are all above 90%, while the narrow-lane fixing rates above 80%. In conclusion, the phase OSB products at WUM have good precision and performance, which will benefit multi-GNSS PPP-AR and POD.
Spectrum of EGFR mutation and its relation with high-risk predictors in thyroid cancer in Kashmiri population: 2 years prospective study at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mir Tariq Ahmad , Qadir Ajaz , Wani Munir Ahmad , Wani Muzafar Maqsood 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
EGFR mutation has not been extensively studied in thyroid cancer. This study was conducted to study spectrum of EGFR mutation in thyroid cancer in Kashmiri population for possible therapeutic purpose.

Methods
It was 2 years prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center in which histologically confirmed, untreated thyroid cancers were included. These specimens were subjected to EGFR mutation analysis by AS-PCR method.

Results
There were a total 60 patients with preponderance of females [44(73%) vs 16(27%)]. Most were in the age group of less than 45 years (75%). Most of these patients were non-smokers [50(83.3%) vs 10 (17.3%)]. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the commonest type 48(80%), rest was follicular type (FTC) 12(20%). Well-differentiated carcinoma (WDC) was common than poorly differentiated (PDC) [41(68.4%) vs 19 (31.6%)]. Lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion were present in 32 (53.4%) and 17 (28.4%) respectively. Thirty-two (53.3%) patients were having 15 bp deletion in exon 19 of EGFR. These deletions were common in PTC than FTC, 29(60.5%) vs 3(25%) which was statistically significant (p = 0.04, CI = 0.2). The total mutational rate of T790M in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain (exon 20) was found to be only 8.4% (5 of 60). Only 4 (8.3%) of these mutations were detected in PTC and rest in FTC (1 of 12). Twenty-six (43.3%) of exon 21 were positive for L858R mutation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. Married persons and PDC were significant predictors of L858R mutation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain in thyroid cancer as this was statistically significant in them with p = 0.04, 0.03 respectively.

Conclusion
In our population, PTC is common in females with half of population harboring EGFR mutation and it is statistically significant in poorly differentiated carcinoma and in married individuals.
It implies that EGFR may be used in thyroid cancer as a possible therapeutic agent in our set of population.
Role of cardiovascular computed tomography parameters and lungs findings in predicting severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Mousa Mahmoud , Matar Marwan , Matar Mohammad , Jaber Sadi , Jaber Fouad S. , Al Ajerami Yasser , Falak Amjad , Abujazar Mohammed , Oglat Ammar A. , Abu-Odah Hammoda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most patients experienced various respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and their health suddenly deteriorated despite active treatment. Many parameters have been used to assess patient health status. However, few have considered chest computed tomography (CCT) and lung findings to predict patient outcomes. This single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted between December 2020 and March 2021 at the European Gaza Hospital to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients based on their CCT parameters and lung involvement scores.

Results
A total of 152 patients with severe respiratory symptoms were admitted during the study period, of which 93 (61.2%) improved and 59 (38.8%) died. Deceased patients showed a significantly higher right pulmonary diameter, cardiothoracic ratio, and ground glass with crazy paving opacity (p < 0.05). A cardiothoracic ratio ≥ 0.49 was associated with significantly higher mortality risk (p < 0.05) and a fourfold higher hazard ratio (p < 0.05) compared to < 0.49.

Conclusions
Assessing cardiac indices on CCT could provide prognostic information and guide physicians in patient management and risk stratification.
Online equivalent parameter estimation using BPANN controller with low-frequency signal injection for a sensorless induction motor drive
Authors: Banerjee Tista , Bera Jitendra Nath 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of a sensorless induction motor drive is elaborated in this paper with a unique feature of online estimation of equivalent circuit parameters (ECPs) during its running condition. The cases like temperature rise of the motor, change in drive speed due to sudden changes in its loading, or even in supply voltage are the sources of error in accurate ECPs evaluation. The indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) scheme is adopted in its controller to deal with these challenges. The drive controller is designed with a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) having two models—one is the plant model to estimate the ECPs during running conditions while the other one is the reference model. The H-G diagram method is utilized in the reference model to estimate the reference ECPs (ECPR) before starting without the need of performing any physical tests on the motor. During the transition period of the drive, the feedback signal is fed to the reference model to generate the ECPR. The technique of the backpropagation algorithm with an artificial neural network (BPANN) is utilized in the plant model while its weight and gain parameters are tuned with the reference ECPs. The Adam rule is utilized for fast convergence of the BPANN weights during the transition period while stator temperature and speed feedback enhance the overall accuracy in ECPs. A discrete-time low-frequency signal injection-based resistance assessment and sensorless speed estimation method to determine inductances are adopted for minimizing the ECPs errors. The results from MATLAB-based simulation and a hardware prototype using a DSPIC microcontroller with different running conditions show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Mortality in psychotic depression: 18-year follow-up study
Authors: Paljärvi Tapio , Tiihonen Jari , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tanskanen Antti , Fazel Seena , Taipale Heidi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEvidence on the role of co-occurring psychiatric disorders in mortality associated with psychotic depression is limited.AimsTo estimate the risk of cause-specific mortality in psychotic depression compared with severe non-psychotic depression while controlling for comorbid psychiatric disorders.MethodThis cohort study used routine data from nationwide health registers in Finland. Eligible participants had their first diagnosis for psychotic depression or for severe non-psychotic depression between the years 2000 and 2018, had no pre-existing diagnoses for schizophrenia spectrum disorders or bipolar disorder, and were aged 18–65 years at the index diagnosis. Causes of death were defined by ICD-10 codes. The follow-up time was up to 18 years.ResultsWe included 19 064 individuals with incident psychotic depression and 90 877 individuals with incident non-psychotic depression. Half (1199/2188) of the deaths in those with psychotic depression occurred within 5 years from the index diagnosis and the highest relative risk was during the first year after the diagnosis. Compared with individuals with non-psychotic depression, those with psychotic depression had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.48–1.70), suicides (aHR = 2.36, 95% CI 2.11–2.64) and fatal accidents (aHR 1.63, 95% CI 1.26–2.10) during the subsequent 5-year period after the index diagnosis.ConclusionsPsychotic symptoms markedly added to the mortality risk associated with severe depression after controlling for psychiatric comorbidity. Prompt treatment and enhanced monitoring for psychotic symptoms is warranted in all patients with severe depression to prevent deaths because of suicides and other external causes.