bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis of kiwifruit BFT genes results in an evergrowing but not early flowering phenotype
Authors: Herath Dinum , Voogd Charlotte , Mayo‐Smith Matthew , Yang Bo , Allan Andrew C. , Putterill Joanna , Varkonyi‐Gasic Erika 
Published: July 2022

SummaryPhosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein (PEBP) genes regulate flowering and architecture in many plant species. Here, we study kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, Ac) PEBP genes with homology to BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT). CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to target AcBFT genes in wild‐type and fast‐flowering kiwifruit backgrounds. The editing construct was designed to preferentially target AcBFT2, whose expression is elevated in dormant buds. Acbft lines displayed an evergrowing phenotype and increased branching, while control plants established winter dormancy. The evergrowing phenotype, encompassing delayed budset and advanced budbreak after defoliation, was identified in multiple independent lines with edits in both alleles of AcBFT2. RNA‐seq analyses conducted using buds from gene‐edited and control lines indicated that Acbft evergrowing plants had a transcriptome similar to that of actively growing wild‐type plants, rather than dormant controls. Mutations in both alleles of AcBFT2 did not promote flowering in wild‐type or affect flowering time, morphology and fertility in fast‐flowering transgenic kiwifruit. In summary, editing of AcBFT2 has the potential to reduce plant dormancy with no adverse effect on flowering, giving rise to cultivars better suited for a changing climate.
Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms following nivolumab and ipilimumab in a pediatric patient with melanoma
Authors: Aljundi Nawar , Utz Petry Sarah , Moossavi Meena , Daveluy Steven 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a type of severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR). DIHS typically occurs 2–6 weeks after initiation of the offending medication. We report a case of DIHS in a pediatric patient undergoing treatment of metastatic melanoma with nivolumab and ipilimumab.
The nurse as peacebuilder: Intersections of health and peace
Authors: Srof Brenda J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to examine peacebuilding as a concept relevant to nursing practice. A historical view of Lilian Wald's contribution to public health nursing sets the stage for nursing's commitment to the ethics of social justice and responsibility to address the social determinants of health as root causes to health inequities. The interweaving of health and peace are highlighted through exploration of works from leading organizations in health and nursing, nationally and globally. Finally examples of current peacebuilding in public health nursing are highlighted.
Evaluating biodegradable alternatives to plastic mesh for small‐scale oyster reef restoration
Authors: Comba Devin , Palmer Terence A. , Breaux Natasha J. , Pollack Jennifer B. 
Published: July 2022

Polyethylene plastic mesh is commonly used for containing oyster shells in small‐scale oyster reef restoration, but environmental and public health concerns have prompted investigations of biodegradable alternatives. Shallow (<0.5 m) and deep (approximately 1 m) oyster reefs (approximately 6 m2) were constructed in the Mission‐Aransas Estuary, Texas, U.S.A., in March 2020 using recycled oyster shells placed into four different replicated mesh bag types: polyethylene (plastic) and three biodegradable alternatives (cellulose, cotton, and jute). Biodegradable alternatives (cellulose, cotton, and jute) all completely degraded within 2 months of deployment, leaving piles of loose shell, while polyethylene bags remained intact. Despite rapid degradation, the biodegradable/loose shell successfully recruited and developed larger oysters (mean of 46 mm) than on the polyethylene‐bagged shell (mean of 40 mm) after 7 months, although at less than half the density. Associated motile fauna density in the bagged shell was 2.4 times higher than in the loose shell after 7 months at both the deep and shallow locations. Faunal community composition and diversity varied more with reef depth than by bag type. The total cost of using polyethylene bags was lower than for biodegradable alternatives (22–45% the cost of cellulose, 35–72% the cost of jute, 49–99% the cost of cotton). However, because our estimate of the environmental cost of polyethylene plastic mesh only included impacts on marine natural capital, the true cost is likely much higher. Despite higher costs, biodegradable alternatives can still be successful for use in small‐scale oyster restoration events without introducing plastics into the marine environment.
Earth's one‐of‐a‐kind fault: The Tanlu fault
Authors: Peng Peng , Mitchell Ross N. , Chen Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale strike‐slip faulting commonly occurs in active tectonic margins, but rarely, if ever, do large faults cut deep into ancient continental nuclei known as cratons. With thick mantle roots, cratons are considered to be the most tectonically stable portions of Earth's continental lithosphere, with an eminent exception being the relatively recent destruction of North China craton. Here, we show that from 240 to 165 Ma ago the roughly coeval continental collisions of South China to the south and Mongolia to the north ruptured the Tanlu fault within the then thick North China craton. A large ~450 km displacement mechanically induced by a ~16° intracratonic rotation along the Tanlu fault reconciles the offsets of geological piercing points and palaeomagnetic data of North China on either side of the fault. Shortly after the displacement of the only large young strike‐slip cratonic fault, the cratonic lithosphere of eastern North China collapsed.
Study of Influences on the Direct Electrolysis of Silica in Molten Salt: Particle Size, Temperature, Time, and Voltage
Authors: Cheng Jiaxu , Cheng Yanbing , Jiang Siwei , Qiao Jinghan , Zhang Yan , Zeng Xiaoyuan , Zhang Yingjie , Zhou Zhongren , He Shiwei , Dong Peng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, molten-salt electrolysis of silica was investigated to identify the role played by electrolytic conditions on the deoxidization depth. Four key conditions that included particle size, electrolytic temperature, working time, and cell voltage were systematically compared using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission SEM, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The results suggest that prolonging the cell voltage is another key factor that determines the reduction process. Based on the given current conditions, the order of effect on the experiment is working time, cell voltage, electrolytic temperature, and particle size. The obtained specimen under optimized condition is Si and Fe–Si alloy composite with silicon porous nanosphere and Fe–Si nanoparticles in a structure that is prepared using 10 nm SiO2 nanosphere as a raw material at 800 °C for 5 h at a cell voltage of 2.6–2.8 V. The present research provides a promising guidance for practical application using the method of molten-salt electrolysis.
Short-Term Muscle Power Is Related to Lower Limb Muscle Volume in Young Children
Authors: Obst Steven J. , Florance Kaysie , Heales Luke , Job Sasha , Barber Lee 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Muscle power is a component of muscular fitness and is proportional to its volume. Reduced muscular fitness in children is linked to negative health outcomes. Associations between muscle volume (MV) and power have not been examined in young children and could reveal important insights into early neuromuscular development. Method: Forty-four children (2–8 y) completed 3 tests of short-term muscular power: repeated anaerobic sprint test, vertical jump, and horizontal jump. MV was assessed using 3D ultrasound for 3 lower limb muscles (rectus femoris, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior) and summed for across legs. Associations between muscular power and summed MV were assessed using Pearson correlation (r). Sex-based differences in muscular power and MV were assessed using 1-way analysis of covariance. Results: Moderate–strong associations (r = .57 − .87) were found between muscular power and summed MV. No differences were found between boys and girls for height, weight, MV, or muscular power. Conclusions: Young children who have larger lower limb muscles perform better at tasks dependent on short-term muscular power, such as running and jumping, compared with children with smaller muscles. Sex-based differences in short-term muscular power do not exist in young children and reflect similar anthropometry, including lower limb MV.
Examining the substance use, violence, and HIV and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: cross-sectional survey findings
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Okumu Moses , Malama Kalonde , Mwima Simon , Hakiza Robert , Kiera Uwase Mimy , Kyambadde Peter 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundInteractions between substance use, violence, HIV and AIDS, known as the ‘SAVA’ syndemic, are understudied among refugee youth. We assessed the synergistic effects of frequent alcohol use, depression and violence on HIV vulnerability among urban refugee youth aged 16–24 years in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey between January and April 2018 with a convenience sample of refugee youth aged 16–24 years living in informal settlements in Kampala (Kabalagala, Rubaga, Kansanga, Katwe, Nsambya). We assessed non-communicable health conditions (frequent [≥3 times per week] alcohol use [FAU]; depression); violence (young adulthood violence [YAV] at age ≥16 years, intimate partner violence [IPV]), and HIV vulnerability (past 12-month transactional sex; recent [past 3-month] multiple [≥2] sex partners). We calculated the prevalence and co-occurrence of non-communicable health conditions, violence and HIV vulnerability variables. We then conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to first create unique profiles of FAU, depression, YAV and IPV exposures, and second to assess for interactions between exposures on HIV vulnerability outcomes.ResultsMost participants (n=445; mean age: 19.59, SD: 2.6; women: n=333, 74.8%, men: n=112, 25.2%) reported at least one non-communicable health condition or violence exposure (n=364, 81.8%), and over half (n=278, 62.4%) reported co-occurring exposures. One-fifth reported FAU (n=90; 20.2%) and one-tenth (n=49; 11%) major depression. In logistic regression models including all two-way product terms, adjusted for sociodemographics, we found (a) multiplicative interaction for joint effects of FAU and IPV (adjusted OR (aOR)=4.81, 95% CI: 1.32 to 17.52) on multiple sex partners, and (b) multiplicative interaction for joint effects of FAU and IPV (aOR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.42 to 9.74), and YAV and depression (aOR=7.13, 95% CI: 1.34 to 37.50), on transactional sex.ConclusionFindings signal the importance of addressing the SAVA syndemic among urban refugee youth in Uganda. Synergistic interactions indicate that addressing FAU, depression or violence may concomitantly reduce HIV vulnerability with urban refugee youth.
Survival of a threatened salmon is linked to spatial variability in river conditions
Authors: Hause Colby L. , Singer Gabriel P. , Buchanan Rebecca A. , Cocherell Dennis E. , Fangue Nann A. , Rypel Andrew L. 
Published: July 2022

Extirpation of the Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) evolutionary significant unit (ESU) from the San Joaquin River is emblematic of salmonid declines across the western seaboard of the United States. Habitat restoration and fish reintroduction efforts are ongoing, but recent telemetry studies have revealed low outmigration survival of juveniles to the ocean. Previous investigations have focused on modeling survival relative to river discharge and geographic regions, but have largely overlooked the effects of habitat variability. To evaluate the link between environmental conditions and survival of juvenile spring-run Chinook salmon, we combined high spatial resolution habitat mapping approaches with acoustic telemetry along a 150 km section of the San Joaquin River during the spring of 2019. While overall outmigration survival was low (5%), our habitat-based classification scheme described variation in survival of acoustic-tagged smolts better than other candidate models based on geography or distance. Two regional mortality sinks were evident along the longitudinal profile of the river, revealing poor survival in areas that shared warmer temperatures but that diverged in chlorophyll a, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), turbidity, and dissolved oxygen levels. These findings demonstrate the value of integrating river habitat classification frameworks to improve our understanding of survival dynamics of imperiled fish populations.
Recasting LHC searches for long-lived particles with MadAnalysis 5
Authors: Araz Jack Y. , Fuks Benjamin , Goodsell Mark D. , Utsch Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present an extension of the simplified fast detector simulator of MadAnalysis 5 – the SFS framework – with methods making it suitable for the treatment of long-lived particles of any kind. This allows users to make use of intuitive Python commands and straightforward C++ methods to introduce detector effects relevant for long-lived particles, and to implement selection cuts and plots related to their properties. In particular, the impact of the magnetic field inside a typical high-energy physics detector on the trajectories of any charged object can now be easily simulated. As an illustration of the capabilities of this new development, we implement three existing LHC analyses dedicated to long-lived objects, namely a CMS run 2 search for displaced leptons in the $$e\mu $$

e
μ

channel (CMS-EXO-16-022), the full run 2 CMS search for disappearing track signatures (CMS-EXO-19-010), and the partial run 2 ATLAS search for displaced vertices featuring a pair of oppositely charged leptons (ATLAS-SUSY-2017-04). We document the careful validation of all MadAnalysis 5 SFS implementations of these analyses, which are publicly available as entries in the MadAnalysis 5 Public Analysis Database and its associated dataverse.
Coloured gravitational instantons, the strong CP problem and the companion axion solution
Authors: Chen Zhe , Kobakhidze Archil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum gravity introduces a new source of the combined parity (CP) violation in gauge theories. We argue that this new CP violation gets bundled with the strong CP violation through the coloured gravitational instantons. Consequently, the standard axion solution to the strong CP problem is compromised. Further, we argue that the ultimate solution to the strong CP problem must involve at least one additional axion particle.
An Algorithmic Study of Fully Dynamic Independent Sets for Map Labeling
Authors: Bhore Sujoy , Li Guangping , Nöllenburg Martin 
Published: July 2022

Map labeling is a classical problem in cartography and geographic information systems that asks to place labels for area, line, and point features, with the goal to select and place the maximum number of independent (i.e., overlap-free) labels. A practically interesting case is point labeling with axis-parallel rectangular labels of common size. In a fully dynamic setting, at each timestep, either a new label appears or an existing label disappears. Then, the challenge is to maintain a maximum cardinality subset of pairwise independent labels with sublinear update time. Motivated by this, we study the maximal independent set (
MIS
) and maximum independent set (
Max-IS
) problems on fully dynamic (insertion/deletion model) sets of axis-parallel rectangles of two types: (i) uniform height and width and (ii) uniform height and arbitrary width; both settings can be modeled as rectangle intersection graphs.

We present the first deterministic algorithm for maintaining an
MIS
(and thus a 4-approximate
Max-IS
) of a dynamic set of uniform rectangles with polylogarithmic update time. This breaks the natural barrier of

\( \Omega (\Delta) \)

update time (where

\( \Delta \)

is the maximum degree in the graph) for
vertex updates
presented by Assadi et al. (STOC 2018). We continue by investigating
Max-IS
and provide a series of deterministic dynamic approximation schemes. For uniform rectangles, we first give an algorithm that maintains a 4-approximate
Max-IS
with

\( O(1) \)

update time. In a subsequent algorithm, we establish the trade-off between approximation quality

\( 2(1+\frac{1}{k}) \)

and update time

\( O(k^2\log n) \)

, for

\( k\in \mathbb {N} \)

. We conclude with an algorithm that maintains a 2-approximate
Max-IS
for dynamic sets of unit-height and arbitrary-width rectangles with

\( O(\log ^2 n + \omega \log n) \)

update time, where

\( \omega \)

is the maximum size of an independent set of rectangles stabbed by any horizontal line. We implement our algorithms and report the results of an experimental comparison exploring the trade-off between solution quality and update time for synthetic and real-world map labeling instances. We made several major observations in our empirical study. First, the original approximations are well above their respective worst-case ratios. Second, in comparison with the static approaches, the dynamic approaches show a significant speedup in practice. Third, the approximation algorithms show their predicted relative behavior. The better the solution quality, the worse the update times. Fourth, a simple greedy augmentation to the approximate solutions of the algorithms boost the solution sizes significantly in practice.
Profesionalizar la educación médica de residentes para un mejor cuidado de los pacientes: desarrollo e implementación de la educación por competencias CanMEDS en la UC
Authors: Hoyl Trinidad , Grez Marcela , Gomes Marcio M. , Puschel Klaus , Snell Linda 
Published: July 2022

Introducción: la educación médica basada en competencias (CBME) se ha ido adoptando ampliamente; en esta, las competencias se originan de las necesidades sociales de atención de salud y están articuladas en un marco claramente definido. El Royal College de Canadá (RCPSC) ha desarrollado el marco CanMEDS, que ha sido ampliamente utilizado en formación de especialistas. Métodos: la Dirección de Postgrado de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (DPG-UC) decidió adoptar el modelo CanMEDS de CBME, y se planteó la meta de integrarlo a nivel institucional y en sus programas de especialización médica. Se utilizó el modelo de Kotter de liderazgo en gestión del cambio para describir el proceso. Resultados: comenzamos estableciendo un sentido de urgencia de realizar el cambio, y se constituyó un equipo directivo sólido para liderar el proceso. Definimos nuestra visión: consolidar un Postgrado con estándares internacionales, y aportar especialistas de excelencia a la sociedad; diseminamos la visión con jefes de programas, docentes de primera línea y residentes, usando variadas estrategias para empoderarlos. Se fijaron metas: en DPG-UC se actualizaron procesos según estándares institucionales internacionales del RCPSC; y a nivel de programas, post mapeo curricular, estos se reescribieron por competencias, y se consolidó la enseñanza y evaluación de roles. El 2016, la UC logró el hito histórico de ser la primera institución no canadiense, acreditada por RCPSC. Discusión y conclusiones: preparar la acreditación internacional resultó un motor para impulsar cambios. formamos una comunidad de práctica UC-RCPSC, aprendimos a incorporar la mirada internacional del RCPSC, aplicada a nuestra realidad local. Nuestro desafío es mantener estándares internacionales, y seguir aportando especialistas de excelencia que aseguren una atención integral, experta y comprometida con la sociedad y nuestros pacientes.
De-escalated Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Impact of Molecular Markers and Final Survival Analysis of the WSG-ADAPT-TN Trial
Authors: Gluz Oleg , Nitz Ulrike , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Prat Aleix , Christgen Matthias , Kuemmel Sherko , Mohammadian Mohammad Parsa , Gebauer Daniel , Kates Ronald , Paré Laia , Grischke Eva-Maria , Forstbauer Helmut , Braun Michael , Warm Mathias , Hackmann John , Uleer Christoph , Aktas Bahriye , Schumacher Claudia , Wuerstlein Rachel , Graeser Monika , Pelz Enrico , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , zu Eulenburg Christine , Kreipe Hans Heinrich , Harbeck Nadia ,   on behalf of the ADAPT TN investigators
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Although optimal treatment in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear, de-escalated chemotherapy appears to be an option in selected patients within this aggressive subtype. Previous studies have identified several pro-immune factors as prognostic markers in TNBC, but their predictive impact regarding different chemotherapy strategies is still controversial.

Experimental Design:
ADAPT-TN is a randomized neoadjuvant multicenter phase II trial in early patients with TNBC (n = 336) who were randomized to 12 weeks of nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 + gemcitabine or carboplatin d 1,8 q3w. Omission of further (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy was allowed only in patients with pathological complete response [pCR, primary endpoint (ypT0/is, ypN0)]. Secondary invasive/distant disease-free and overall survival (i/dDFS, OS) and translational research objectives included quantification of a predictive impact of markers regarding selection for chemotherapy de-escalation, measured by gene expression of 119 genes (including PAM50 subtype) by nCounter platform and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL).

Results:
After 60 months of median follow-up, 12-week-pCR was favorably associated (HR, 0.24; P = 0.001) with 5y-iDFS of 90.6% versus 62.8%. No survival advantage of carboplatin use was observed, despite a higher pCR rate [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–1.59]. Additional anthracycline-containing chemotherapy was not associated with a significant iDFS advantage in pCR patients (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.41–4.02). Beyond pCR rate, nodal status and high sTILs were independently associated with better iDFS, dDFS, and OS by multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:
Short de-escalated neoadjuvant taxane/platinum-based combination therapy appears to be a promising strategy in early TNBC for using pCR rate as an early decision point for further therapy (de-) escalation together with node-negative status and high sTILs.
See related commentary by Sharma, p. 4840