bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High reactive oxygen species produced from fluorescence carbon dots for anticancer and photodynamic therapies: A review
Authors: Amal Nurul Mutmainnah , Shiddiq Muhandis , Armynah Bidayatul , Tahir Dahlang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐photoluminescence carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from various sources and various methods using two approaches, namely bottom up and top down, with emission‐dependent excitation wavelength. Electronic transition from the higher‐occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) state to the lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) state, surface defect states, wider excitation spectrum, higher quantum yield, efficient energy transfer, and element doping affected the fluorescence properties of CDs. Using 102 references listed in this review, the authors studied the relationship between fluorescence mechanism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and materials anticancer applications. We described how the radical atom or ROS work as anticancer therapy and PDT and described the chemical reaction of high‐resolution fluorescence CDs. We summarized experimental techniques that are used for producing CDs and discussed their characteristics. Finally, conclusions and future prospects in this field are also discussed. The important characteristics of CD‐based design for high ROS may usher in new prospects and challenges for high efficiency and stability of PDT and anticancer therapy. In conclusion, we have provided perspectives and challenges of the future development of CD s.
Circular RNAs: Biomarkers of cancer
Authors: Cui Jingyi , Chen Meng , Zhang Lanxin , Huang Sida , Xiao Fei , Zou Lihui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single‐stranded closed RNAs that are produced by the back splicing of precursor mRNAs. The formation of circRNAs mainly involves intron‐pairing‐driven circularization, RNA‐binding protein (RBP)‐driven circularization, and lariat‐driven circularization. The vast majority of circRNAs are found in the cytoplasm, and some intron‐containing circRNAs are localized in the nucleus. CircRNAs have been found to function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interact with RBPs and translate proteins, and play an important regulatory role in the development and progression of cancer. CircRNAs exhibit tissue‐ and developmental stage–specific expression and are stable, with longer half‐lives than linear RNAs. CircRNAs have great potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, which is highlighted by their detectability in tissues, especially in fluid biopsy samples such as plasma, saliva, and urine. Here, we review the current studies on the properties and functions of circRNAs and their clinical application value.
Biosynthesis of the Isocoumarin Derivatives Fusamarins is Mediated by the PKS8 Gene Cluster in Fusarium
Authors: Atanasoff‐Kardjalieff Anna K. , Seidl Bernhard , Steinert Katharina , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Schuhmacher Rainer , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Kalinina Svetlana , Studt‐Reinhold Lena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFusarium mangiferae causes the mango malformation disease (MMD) on young mango trees and seedlings resulting in economically significant crop losses. In addition, F. mangiferae produces a vast array of secondary metabolites (SMs), including mycotoxins that may contaminate the harvest. Their production is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. Here, we show that lack of the H3 K9‐specific histone methyltransferase, FmKmt1, influences the expression of the F. mangiferae polyketide synthase (PKS) 8 (FmPKS8), a so far cryptic PKS. By a combination of reverse genetics, untargeted metabolomics, bioinformatics and chemical analyses including structural elucidation, we determined the FmPKS8 biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) and linked its activity to the production of fusamarins (FMN), which can be structurally classified as dihydroisocoumarins. Functional characterization of the four FMN cluster genes shed light on the biosynthetic pathway. Cytotoxicity assays revealed moderate toxicities with IC50 values between 1 and 50 μM depending on the compound.
Correct Identification of the Core‐Shell Structure of Cell Membrane‐Coated Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Lizhi , Yu Wei , Seitsonen Jani , Xu Wujun , Lehto Vesa‐Pekka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of negatively stained cell membrane (CM)‐coated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) reveal a characteristic core‐shell structure. However, negative staining agents can create artifacts that complicate the determination of the actual NP structure. Herein, it is demonstrated with various bare polymeric core NPs, such as poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether‐block‐PLGA, and poly(caprolactone), that certain observed core‐shell structures are actually artifacts caused by the staining process. To address this issue, fluorescence quenching was applied to quantify the proportion of fully coated NPs and statistical TEM analysis was used to identify and differentiate whether the observed core‐shell structures of CM‐coated PLGA (CM−PLGA) NPs are due to artifacts or to the CM coating. Integrated shells in TEM images of negatively stained CM−PLGA NPs are identified as artifacts. The present results challenge current understanding of the structure of CM‐coated polymeric NPs and encourage researchers to use the proposed characterization approach to avoid misinterpretations.
A Cascade Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling‐Substitution‐Elimination Reaction for the Synthesis of Linear Conjugated Dienynes
Authors: Lumbreras‐Teijeiro Alejandro , Bacic Matea , Oliver‐Meseguer Judit , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe engagement in tandem of well‐known organic reactions such as the Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction, nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions, enables the synthesis of otherwise difficult to obtain linear dienynes, in moderate to high yields. This retrosynthetic approach opens new ways to prepare highly conjugated alkenes and alkynes. Furthermore, ionic liquids are suitable solvents to perform the cascade reaction and recycle the metal catalysts.
Cooperative Adsorption of Metal‐organic Complexes on CsPbI2Br Perovskite Surface for Photovoltaic Efficiency Exceeding 17 %
Authors: Shi Yiheng , He Jingjing , Lian Huijun , Liu Xinyi , Yuan Haiyang , Hou Yu , Yang Shuang , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted wide attention due to their excellent thermodynamic stability and suitable bandgap as the top absorber materials for tandem solar cells. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the perovskite cells can be considerably limited by the non‐radiative energy loss caused by grain boundaries and surfaces. Here, the synergistic functionalization of CsPbI2Br perovskites was demonstrated by using a metal‐organic complex. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the adsorption energy of the passivator could be a good descriptor to evaluate the surface passivation effect. The cooperative adsorption could eliminate the unsaturated surface sites, reduce the surface energy, and thus benefit device performance. The CsPbI2Br solar cells passivated by zinc diethyldithiocarbamate showed a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.15 % and retained 94 % of their initial efficiency after working under 1 sun illumination for 720 h in N2 atmosphere.
Immunoregulatory effects of testosterone supplementation combined with exercise training in men with Inclusion Body Myositis: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial
Authors: Coudert Jerome D , Slater Nataliya , Sooda Anuradha , Beer Kelly , Lim Ee Mun , Boyder Conchita , Zhang Rui , Mastaglia Frank L , Learmonth Yvonne C , Fairchild Timothy J , Yeap Bu B , Needham Merrilee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesSporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory muscle disease affecting individuals over the age of 45, leading to progressive muscle wasting, disability and loss of independence. Histologically, IBM is characterised by immune changes including myofibres expressing major histocompatibility complex molecules and invaded by CD8+ T cells and macrophages, and by degenerative changes including protein aggregates organised in inclusion bodies, rimmed vacuoles and mitochondrial abnormalities. There is currently no cure, and regular exercise is currently the only recognised treatment effective at limiting muscle weakening, atrophy and loss of function. Testosterone exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, inhibiting effector T‐cell differentiation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production.MethodsWe conducted a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial in men with IBM, to assess whether a personalised progressive exercise training combined with application of testosterone, reduced the inflammatory immune response associated with this disease over and above exercise alone. To assess intervention efficacy, we immunophenotyped blood immune cells by flow cytometry, and measured serum cytokines and chemokines by Luminex immunoassay.ResultsTestosterone supplementation resulted in modest yet significant count reduction in the classical monocyte subset as well as eosinophils. Testosterone‐independent immunoregulatory effects attributed to exercise included altered proportions of some monocyte, T‐ and B‐cell subsets, and reduced IL‐12, IL‐17, TNF‐α, MIP‐1β and sICAM‐1 in spite of interindividual variability.ConclusionOverall, our findings indicate anti‐inflammatory effects of exercise training in IBM patients, whilst concomitant testosterone supplementation provides some additional changes. Further studies combining testosterone and exercise would be worthwhile in larger cohorts and longer testosterone administration periods.
Infant temperamental fear, pupil dilation, and gaze aversion from smiling strangers
Authors: Zeng Guangyu , Maylott Sarah E. , Leung Tiffany S. , Messinger Daniel S. , Wang Jue , Simpson Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn childhood, higher levels of temperamental fear—an early‐emerging proclivity to distress in the face of novelty—are associated with lower social responsivity and greater social anxiety. While the early emergence of temperamental fear in infancy is poorly understood, it is theorized to be driven by individual differences in reactivity and self‐regulation to novel stimuli. The current study used eye tracking to capture infants’ (N = 124) reactions to a video of a smiling stranger—a common social encounter—including infant gaze aversions from the stranger's face (indexing arousal regulation) and pupil dilation (indexing physiological reactivity), longitudinally at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of age. Multilevel mixed‐effects models indicated that more fearful infants took more time to look away from a smiling stranger's face than less fearful infants, suggesting that high‐fear infants may have slower arousal regulation. At 2 and 4 months, more fearful infants also exhibited greater and faster pupil dilation before gaze aversions, consistent with greater physiological reactivity. Together, these findings suggest that individual differences in infants’ gaze aversions and pupil dilation can index the development of fearful temperament in early infancy, facilitating the identification of, and interventions for, risk factors to social disruptions.
Risk effects cascade up to an obligate scavenger
Authors: Perrig Paula L. , Lambertucci Sergio A. , Donadio Emiliano , Smith Justine A. , Middleton Arthur D. , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effects of predation risk on prey populations have been studied extensively; yet, how risk is manifested in a trophically linked guild—scavengers—has been overlooked. Risk could be particularly consequential for obligate scavengers that are vulnerable while foraging and rely on carrion provisioned by, and shared with, apex predators. We investigated whether Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) respond to predation risk in a landscape where the main source of carrion are camelids killed by pumas (Puma concolor). We hypothesized that condors would exhibit different behavioral responses to predation risk while they search, encounter, and exploit carrion. We explored condor habitat selection while flying by tracking nine birds with satellite transmitters and monitored via camera traps 41 natural carcasses and 25 experimental carrion stations. We found that condors searched for carrion in areas with a high probability of occurrence of puma kills. However, condors avoided exploiting carrion in areas featuring tall vegetation and steep slopes—selected by pumas to stalk prey—suggesting that condors manage risk primarily through the identification of safe foraging sites prior to landing. Our finding that condors avoided foraging near stalking cover for pumas highlights the importance of risk effects beyond predator–prey interactions, particularly for obligate scavengers.
Stochasticity directs adaptive evolution toward nonequilibrium evolutionary attractors
Authors: DeLong John P. , Cressler Clayton E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStochastic processes such as genetic drift may hinder adaptation, but the effect of such stochasticity on evolution via its effect on ecological dynamics is poorly understood. Here we evaluate patterns of adaptation in a population subject to variation in demographic stochasticity. We show that stochasticity can alter population dynamics and lead to evolutionary outcomes that are not predicted by classic eco‐evolutionary modeling approaches. We also show, however, that these outcomes are governed by nonequilibrium evolutionary attractors—these are maxima in lifetime reproductive success when stochasticity keeps the ecological system away from the deterministic equilibrium. These NEEAs alter the path of evolution but are not visible through the equilibrium lens that underlies much evolutionary theory. Our results reveal that considering population processes during transient periods can greatly improve our understanding of the path and pace of evolution.
Testosterone deficiency independently predicts mortality in women with HFrEF: insights from the T.O.S.CA. registry
Authors: Marra Alberto M. , D'Assante Roberta , Salzano Andrea , Iacoviello Massimo , Triggiani Vincenzo , Rengo Giuseppe , Limongelli Giuseppe , Masarone Daniele , Perticone Maria , Cimellaro Antonio , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Paolillo Stefania , Gargiulo Paola , Mancini Antonio , Volterrani Maurizio , Vriz Olga , Castello Roberto , Passantino Andrea , Campo Michela , Modesti Pietro A. , De Giorgi Alfredo , Arcopinto Michele , D'Agostino Anna , Raparelli Valeria , Isidori Andrea M. , Valente Valeria , Giardino Federica , Crisci Giulia , Sciacqua Angela , Savoia Marcella , Suzuki Toru , Bossone Eduardo , Cittadini Antonio ,   T.O.S.CA. Investigators
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTestosterone deficiency (TD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, data in women are scanty. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of TD on women with HFrEF.MethodsAmong 480 patients prospectively enrolled in the T.O.S.CA. (Terapia Ormonale Scompenso CArdiaco) registry, a prospective, multicentre, nationwide, observational study, 94 women were included in the current analysis. The TD was defined as serum testosterone levels lower than 25 ng/dl. Data regarding clinical status, echocardiography, exercise performance, cardiovascular hospitalization, and survival after an average follow‐up of 36 months were analysed.ResultsThirty patients (31.9%) displayed TD. TD was associated with lower tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) to pulmonary arterial systolic pressure PASP ratio (TAPSE/PASP) (P = 0.008), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) (P = 0.03) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001). TD was an independent predictor of the combined endpoint of all‐cause mortality/cardiovascular hospitalization (HR: 10.45; 95% CI: 3.54–17.01; P = 0.001), all‐cause mortality (HR: 8.33; 95%: 5.36–15.11; P = 0.039), and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.13–4.50; P = 0.02).ConclusionsOne‐third of women with HFrEF displays TD that impacts remarkably on their morbidity and mortality. TD is associated with a worse clinical profile including exercise capacity, right ventricular‐pulmonary arterial coupling, and renal function. These findings lend support to an accurate profiling of women with HF, a problem often overlooked in clinical trials.
Constructing Delphi statements for technology foresight
Authors: Andersen Per Dannemand 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince its introduction decades ago, the Delphi method has become a popular instrument of broad application within the field of technology foresight and for wider science, technology, and innovation policy‐making. The Delphi method has also attracted interest from a methodological perspective. The literature on the Delphi method demonstrates a research gap on the issue of Delphi statements and respondents' understanding of those statements. Based on a systematic literature review, this paper examines the existing knowledge and practices in constructing Delphi statements. A key contribution of the paper is a set of practical recommendations for constructing Delphi statements for technology foresight. Furthermore, the paper suggests future research on the topic.
Proprioceptive contribution to oculomotor control in humans
Authors: Balslev Daniela , Mitchell Alexandra G. , Faria Patrick J. M. , Priba Lukasz , Macfarlane Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStretch receptors in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) inform the central nervous system about the rotation of one's own eyes in the orbits. Whereas fine control of the skeletal muscles hinges critically on proprioceptive feedback, the role of proprioception in oculomotor control remains unclear. Human behavioural studies provide evidence for EOM proprioception in oculomotor control, however, behavioural and electrophysiological studies in the macaque do not. Unlike macaques, humans possess numerous muscle spindles in their EOMs. To find out whether the human oculomotor nuclei respond to proprioceptive feedback we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). With their eyes closed, participants placed their right index finger on the eyelid at the outer corner of the right eye. When prompted by a sound, they pushed the eyeball gently and briefly towards the nose. Control conditions separated out motor and tactile task components. The stretch of the right lateral rectus muscle was associated with activation of the left oculomotor nucleus and subthreshold activation of the left abducens nucleus. Because these nuclei control the horizontal movements of the left eye, we hypothesized that proprioceptive stimulation of the right EOM triggered left eye movement. To test this, we followed up with an eye‐tracking experiment in complete darkness using the same behavioural task as in the fMRI study. The left eye moved actively in the direction of the passive displacement of the right eye, albeit with a smaller amplitude. Eye tracking corroborated neuroimaging findings to suggest a proprioceptive contribution to ocular alignment.
Utilization of health services among the elderly in Iran during the COVID‐19 outbreak: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Faraji‐Khiavi Farzad , Jalilian Habib , Heydari Somayeh , Sadeghi Reza , Saduqi Morteza , Razavinasab Seyed‐Ali , Heidari‐Jamebozorgi Majid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsElderly people are potentially vulnerable with a higher need for health services, and utilization of Essential Public Health Services (EPHS) among this group is of high importance. This study aimed to examine the utilization of health services among the elderly in Iran during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted in 21 public health centers in Sirjan, Southern Iran, from May to December 2020. A total of 420 elderly patients were selected through a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSSv22.0. The binary logistic regression was used to examine the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and morbidity status on inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization.ResultsOur results showed that 56% of the elderly had a history of hospitalization during the last year. Although 60% of the elderly reported they had a perceived need for outpatient services, only 49% of them reported that they utilized outpatient services. 51% and 35.5% of the elderly reported that their inpatient and outpatient costs were covered by health insurance, respectively. Others reported their health spending was financed through out‐of‐pocket payments. Male gender aged 80 and above, urban residents, higher socioeconomic and supplemental insurance coverage were associated with an increase in health services utilization. The elderly with Cancer, mental disorders, kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were more likely to be hospitalized.ConclusionThere were demographic and socioeconomic inequalities in health services utilization among the elderly. Therefore, appropriate interventions and strategies are needed to reduce these inequalities in health services utilization among the elderly. In addition, given that the hospitalization rate was significantly higher among the elderly with chronic diseases than those without, it is crucial and necessary to take interventions to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in the future.
The effects of low‐dose anthracycline‐based chemotherapy on the levels of serum NT‐proBNP level and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunctions: A prospective observational study
Authors: Mohammadi Fatemeh , Bigdelu Leila , Allahyari Abolghasem , Morovatdar Negar , Rahimi Vafa Baradaran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum N‐terminal (NT)‐pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and incidence of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients who underwent low‐dose anthracycline chemotherapy.MethodsThis observational, prospective study was conducted on all patients with proven breast cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and no history of previous cardiac or any chronic diseases who were candidates for low‐dose anthracycline chemotherapy from March 2017 to February 2018. We evaluated the serum NT‐proBNP level and performed trans‐thoracic echocardiography at baseline, 6, and 9 months after the chemotherapy.ResultsAmong 57 patients who successfully finished the study, 13 (22.8%) patients were men and 44 (77.19%) patients were women, and the total mean age was 52 ± 14.86 years. Our results revealed that the LV systolic and diastolic function and NT‐proBNP mean levels were in the normal range at all three measured times. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the levels of NT‐proBNP, LV systolic, and diastolic function at baseline, 6, and 9 months after chemotherapy with low‐dose anthracycline (p = 0.6, 0.1, and 0.4, respectively).ConclusionFollowing low‐dose anthracycline chemotherapy, none of our patients encountered LV systolic and diastolic dysfunctions and changes in serum NT‐proBNP level. However, further studies with a larger population, longer follow‐up duration, and higher dosage of anthracyclines are required to determine the effects of low‐dose anthracycline on NT‐proBNP level and LV systolic and diastolic functions.