bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging differentially affects LTCC function in hippocampal CA1 and piriform cortex pyramidal neurons
Authors: Maziar Aida , Critch Tristian N R H Y , Ghosh Sourav , Rajani Vishaal , Flynn Cassandra M , Qin Tian , Reinhardt Camila , Man Kwun Nok Mimi , Lee Amy , Hell Johannes W , Yuan Qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAging is associated with cognitive decline and memory loss in humans. In rats, aging-associated neuronal excitability changes and impairments in learning have been extensively studied in the hippocampus. Here, we investigated the roles of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) in the rat piriform cortex (PC), in comparison with those of the hippocampus. We employed spatial and olfactory tasks that involve the hippocampus and PC. LTCC blocker nimodipine administration impaired spontaneous location recognition in adult rats (6–9 months). However, the same blocker rescued the spatial learning deficiency in aged rats (19–23 months). In an odor-associative learning task, infusions of nimodipine into either the PC or dorsal CA1 impaired the ability of adult rats to learn a positive odor association. Again, in contrast, nimodipine rescued odor associative learning in aged rats. Aged CA1 neurons had higher somatic expression of LTCC Cav1.2 subunits, exhibited larger afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and lower excitability compared with adult neurons. In contrast, PC neurons from aged rats showed higher excitability and no difference in AHP. Cav1.2 expression was similar in adult and aged PC somata, but relatively higher in PSD95− puncta in aged dendrites. Our data suggest unique features of aging-associated changes in LTCCs in the PC and hippocampus.
Effects of round-to-nearest and stochastic rounding in the numerical solution of the heat equation in low precision
Authors: Croci M , Giles M B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the advent of machine learning, the last few years have seen the return of hardware-supported low-precision computing. Computations with fewer digits are faster and more memory and energy efficient but can be extremely susceptible to rounding errors. As shown by recent studies into reduced-precision climate simulations, an application that can largely benefit from the advantages of low-precision computing is the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, a careful implementation and rounding error analysis are required to ensure that sensible results can still be obtained. In this paper we study the accumulation of rounding errors in the solution of the heat equation, a proxy for parabolic PDEs, via Runge–Kutta finite difference methods using round-to-nearest (RtN) and stochastic rounding (SR). We demonstrate how to implement the scheme to reduce rounding errors and we derive a priori estimates for local and global rounding errors. Let $u$ be the unit roundoff. While the worst-case local errors are $\mathcal{O}(u)$ with respect to the discretization parameters (mesh size and timestep), the RtN and SR error behaviour is substantially different. In fact, the RtN solution always stagnates for small enough $\varDelta t$, and until stagnation the global error grows like $\mathcal{O}(u\varDelta t^{-1})$. In contrast, we show that the leading-order errors introduced by SR are zero-mean, independent in space and mean-independent in time, making SR resilient to stagnation and rounding error accumulation. In fact, we prove that for SR the global rounding errors are only $\mathcal{O}(u\varDelta t^{-1/4})$ in one dimension and are essentially bounded (up to logarithmic factors) in higher dimensions.
Experts’ View on the Future Outlook on the Materialization, Expectations and Implementation of Digital Twins in Healthcare
Authors: De Maeyer Christel , Markopoulos Panos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we examine how experts in digital transformation of healthcare envision the application of digital twins (DTs). The concept of a DT refers to a digital replica of potential and actual physical assets, processes, people, places, systems and devices that can be used for various purposes including scientific experiments, simulations and prediction of intervention outcomes. DTs are an emerging technological vision and while evocative as a term it holds different promises and connotations for different application areas and may evolve in very different directions. To examine how these directions can develop and impact healthcare, we used the Delphi method to reach a consensus among experts on three different research questions we put forward, namely how experts see the materialization, expectations and implementation of a DT in healthcare. We followed up with a survey with open questions to the experts aiming for a deeper consideration on the top ranked topics from the Delphi study.
Comparison of gastrointestinal side effects from different doses of azithromycin for the treatment of gonorrhoea
Authors: Ong Jason J , Aguirre Ivette , Unemo Magnus , Kong Fabian Y S , Fairley Christopher K , Hocking Jane S , Chow Eric P F , Tieosapjaroen Warittha , Ly Jenny , Chen Marcus Y 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Azithromycin is commonly used to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We compared its gastrointestinal side effects using 1 g single, 2 g single or 2 g split (i.e. 1 g plus 1 g 6–12 h later) dosing, representing our clinic’s changing guidelines over the study period.

Methods
We recruited consecutive sexual health clinic patients who received azithromycin (and 500 mg ceftriaxone) for uncomplicated gonorrhoea. Each patient received a text message 48 h after their attendance to complete a questionnaire.

Results
Patients received 1 g single (n = 271), 2 g single (218) or 2 g split (105) doses. Vomiting was less common for 1 g versus 2 g single dose [1.1% versus 3.7%; risk difference (RD): −2.6%; 95% CI: −0.2 to −5.4] and 2 g split versus 2 g single dose (0.9% versus 3.7%; RD: −2.8%; 95% CI: −0.3 to −5.8). Nausea was less common for 1 g versus 2 g single dose (13.7% versus 43.1%; RD: −29.5%; 95% CI: −21.7 to −37.2) and 2 g split versus 2 g single dose (16.4% versus 43.1%; RD: −26.8; 95% CI: −17.2 to −36.3). Diarrhoea was less common for 1 g versus 2 g single dose (25.5% versus 50.9%; RD: −25.5%; 95% CI: −17.0 to −33.9) and 2 g split versus 2 g single dose (30.9% versus 50.9%; RD: −20.0; 95% CI: −9.1 to −30.9). Almost all were willing to retake the same dosing for gonorrhoea in the future: 97% for 1 g single; 94% for 2 g single; and 97% for 2 g split dose.

Conclusions
Azithromycin 2 g split dose for gonorrhoea resulted in significantly less vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea than a 2 g single dose.
An efficient algorithm for reasoning over OWL EL ontologies with nominal schemas
Authors: Carral David , Zalewski Joseph , Hitzler Pascal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNominal schemas have been proposed as an extension to Description Logics (DL), the knowledge representation paradigm underlying the Web Ontology Language (OWL). They provide for a very tight integration of DL and rules. Nominal schemas can be understood as syntactic sugar on top of OWL. However, this naive perspective leads to inefficient reasoning procedures. In order to develop an efficient reasoning procedure for the language ${\mathcal {E}\mathcal {L}\mathcal {V}^{++}}$, which results from extending the OWL profile language OWL EL with nominal schemas, we propose a transformation from ${\mathcal {E}\mathcal {L}\mathcal {V}^{++}}$ ontologies into Datalog-like rule programs that can be used for satisfiability checking and assertion retrieval. The use of this transformation enables the use of powerful Datalog engines to solve reasoning tasks over ${\mathcal {E}\mathcal {L}\mathcal {V}^{++}}$ ontologies. We implement and then evaluate our approach on several real-world, data-intensive ontologies, and find that it can outperform state-of-the-art reasoners such as Konclude and ELK. As a lesser side result we also provide a self-contained description of a rule-based algorithm for ${\mathcal {E}\mathcal {L}^{++}}$, which does not require a normal form transformation.
Bilateral Atypical Tension-sided Femoral Neck Stress Fractures in a Military Recruit
Authors: Heig Todd , Mombell Kyle , Deafenbaugh Bradley 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
A case report of a Marine Recruit with bilateral atypical tensile-sided femoral neck stress fracture. The patient was treated nonoperatively with protected weightbearing following an established protocol that included close observation with serial exams and advanced imaging. He recovered uneventfully and was able to return to running. He was eventually diagnosed with bilateral femoral acetabular impingement syndrome at the end of his treatment course demonstrating a growing association warranting further investigation.
IGR J18249−3243: a new GeV-emitting FR II and the emerging population of high-energy radio galaxies
Authors: Bruni G , Bassani L , Persic M , Rephaeli Y , Malizia A , Molina M , Fiocchi M , Ricci R , Wieringa M H , Giroletti M , Panessa F , Bazzano A , Ubertini P 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The advent of new all-sky radio surveys such as the VLA Sky Survey and the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey, performed with the latest generation radio telescopes, is opening new possibilities on the classification and study of extragalactic γ-ray sources, specially the underrepresented ones like radio galaxies. In particular, the enhanced sensitivity (sub-mJy level) and resolution (a few arcsec) provides a better morphological and spectral classification. In this work, we present the reclassification of a Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT) source as a new Fanaroff–Riley II radio galaxy from the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory sample found to emit at GeV energies. Through a broad-band spectral fitting from radio to γ-ray, we find that the commonly invoked jet contribution is not sufficient to account for the observed γ-ray flux. Our modelling suggests that the observed emission could mainly originate in the lobes (rather than in the radio core) by inverse Compton scattering of radio-emitting electrons off the ambient photon fields. In addition, we cross-correlated the latest generation radio surveys with a list of Fermi/LAT candidate misaligned AGN from the literature, finding four new radio galaxies with a double-lobed morphology. Additional four objects could be classified as such thanks to previous studies in the literature, for a total of nine new radio galaxies with GeV emission presented in this work. We foresee that further objects of this class might be found in the near future with the advent of the Square Kilometer Array, populating the GeV sky.
New candidates for magnetar counterparts from a deep search with theHubble Space Telescope
Authors: Chrimes A A , Levan A J , Fruchter A S , Groot P J , Kouveliotou C , Lyman J D , Tanvir N R , Wiersema K 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe report the discovery of six new magnetar counterpart candidates from deep near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. The new candidates are among a sample of 19 magnetars for which we present HST data obtained between 2018 and 2020. We confirm the variability of previously established near-infrared counterparts, and newly identify candidates for PSR J1622−4950, Swift J1822.3−1606, CXOU J171405.7−381031, Swift J1833−0832, Swift J1834.9−0846, and AX J1818.8−1559 based on their proximity to X-ray localizations. The new candidates are compared with the existing counterpart population in terms of their colours, magnitudes, and near-infrared to X-ray spectral indices. We find two candidates for AX J1818 that are both consistent with previously established counterparts. The other new candidates are likely to be chance alignments, or otherwise have a different origin for their near-infrared emission not previously seen in magnetar counterparts. Further observations and studies of these candidates are needed to firmly establish their nature.
Changes in Smoking Status and Behaviors After the First 10 Months of COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Bella Adrianna , Swarnata Arya , Melinda Gea , Nurshadrina Dimitri Swasthika , Dartanto Teguh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There remains inconclusive evidence on potential changes in smoking status and behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-9) pandemic, especially in developing countries.

Aims and Methods
This study explores the direction of changes in smoking status and behaviors after 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia as well as examining the association between economic shocks and changes in smoking behaviors. Primary data were gathered through a phone survey targeting productive-age mobile-phone users in Indonesia (n = 1082). Descriptive analysis was employed to determine changes in smoking status and behaviors 10 months into the pandemic, while logistic regression analysis was used to investigate how employment shocks, financial strain, COVID-19-related indicators, and demographic characteristics were associated with smoking behaviors of people who continue smoking.

Results
Respondents experiencing changes in smoking status were dominated by people who persistently smoked during the pandemic, while those who quit, relapsed, and started smoking, was extremely small. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of people who continue smoking adjusted their smoking behaviors: 40.3% reduced smoking intensity and 25.3% switched to lower-price cigarettes. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that, among people who continue smoking, those who experienced financial strain during the pandemic had higher odds of reducing smoking intensity, while those who switched to lower job status had higher odds of switching to cheaper cigarettes.

Conclusions
The research has shown that smoking status and behaviors of people who continue smoking mostly remained unchanged after 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in employment and financial conditions during the pandemic were associated with modified smoking behaviors.

Implications
This study is the first to determine the direction and analyze the factors of changes in smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This new understanding should help improve predicting the trends in smoking in future crises or pandemics in developing countries, specifically Indonesia. The discovered patterns on smokers’ reaction to an exogenous shock may provide evidence to support tobacco control policies in Indonesia.
The cardiac effects of hydroxychloroquine in immune-mediated rheumatologic diseases
Authors: Weidman-Evans Emily , Porter Mandy 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Hydroxychloroquine, when used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, has been found to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). The drug also has been associated with cardiac adverse reactions such as conduction abnormalities. This article reviews the reduction of CVD and the cardiac adverse reactions associated with hydroxychloroquine.
Long-term effects of medication for opioid use disorder in children
Authors: Cox Jamie , Reid Nancy , Lander Laura 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Opioid maintenance therapy in pregnant patients can result in children born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). These infants are at high risk for poor school performance, unemployment, and criminal activity because they never reach the neurocognitive levels of their peers. This article discusses the neurocognitive development consequences of medicated opioid use disorder on infants and children and methods to help them reach their potential into adulthood.
Recommendations for managing sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Curry Kim , Chandler Rasheeta , Kostas-Polston Elizabeth A. , Alexander Ivy , Orsega Susan , Johnson-Mallard Versie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and costly, with about 26 million STIs occurring each year in the US. Guidelines for the prevention and management of STIs are updated periodically. In 2021, the CDC updated its guidelines for the treatment of STIs. This article provides information on the most recent updates on managing STIs to help advanced practice nurses in their practice.
Fibromyalgia
Authors: St. John Amanda W. , Aebischer Jonathan H. , Friend Ronald , Jones Kim D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain disorder commonly encountered by advanced practice registered nurses in primary and specialty care. Knowing how to recognize FM and its multiple pain and nonpain symptoms facilitates diagnosis. We propose a four-step approach to diagnosis that can reduce costly referrals and treatment delays, and describe evidence-based interventions.
Neuromonitoring for Proximal Fibular Osteochondroma Excision
Authors: Thacker Mihir M. , Pargas Carlos , Marky Christopher , Rogers Kenneth J. , DiNardo Anthony A. , Sestokas Anthony K. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The peroneal nerve is at risk when excising tumors in the proximal fibula. The rate of nerve injuries during proximal fibular tumor resection varies from 3% to 20%. Our goal was to report our experience with resection of osteochondromas in the proximal fibula and describe the technique and utility of neuromonitoring during excision of proximal fibular osteochondromas (PFO).

Methods:
Patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic PFO who had undergone excision at one institution from 1994 to 2018 were included. An institutional review board-approved retrospective review was performed. Intraoperative neuromonitoring was provided from 2006 on by a single group utilizing a multimodality protocol.

Results:
This study contains 29 patients who had excision of osteochondromas in the proximal fibula. Of these 29 consecutively monitored patients, there were 34 involved extremities. Intraoperative neuromonitoring alerts occurred in 10/29 (34.5%) procedures, which included 3 electromyography (EMG) (30%), 2 motor-evoked potential (20%), 1 somatosensory-evoked potential (10%), and 4 alerts with a combination of EMG/motor-evoked potential/somatosensory-evoked potential changes (40%). The interventions that were taken resulted in resolution of the neuromonitoring changes in all procedures. Postoperatively, we noted 2 (6.9%) new mild sensory deficits, which resolved during follow up. There were 3 patients in whom pre-existing sensory-motor deficits improved but not completely after surgery, 1 motor weakness, and 2 with residual paresthesia. In those initially presenting with paresis, there was improvement in 8 of the 8 extremities by the last follow-up visit. Pain as a symptom was resolved in all cases. There were no iatrogenic foot drop injuries. The average follow up was 32.2 months.

Conclusions:
Neuromonitoring during PFO excision demonstrated a high number of alerts, all of which resolved following timely corrective action. The use of neuromonitoring may help decrease the risk of iatrogenic postoperative neurological deficits following fibular osteochondroma surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Evaluation of the Cutaneous Silent Period in a Healthy Brazilian Population
Authors: Cunha Natalia S. C. , Grippe Talyta , Boechat-Barros Raphael , Fernandez Rubens N.M. , Brandão Pedro Renato P. , Chen Robert , Cardoso Francisco 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To establish cutaneous silent period (CSP) normative values and investigate the variables that may influence them.

Methods:
We tested 41 healthy subjects. All subjects underwent nerve conduction studies, and we evaluated the CSP in both arms.

Results:
Four subjects did not have CSP and were excluded. The analyses were performed in the healthy group composed of 23 women and 14 men, with a mean age of 35 (range, 19–64) years. The CSP median duration was 23.2 milliseconds (ms), with 2 to 98th percentile at 11.3 and 48.7 ms. The median onset latency was 87.9 (range, 72.9–109) ms, and the median end latency was 112 (range, 93.8–138) ms. The CSP onset latency positively correlated with height, whereas CSP end latency and duration were weakly but significantly associated with age. Some measurements of ulnar nerve conduction study also correlated with CSP measures. The interrater coefficients for the primary measures of onset and end latency demonstrates the reproducibility of the method.

Conclusions:
The CSP with the fifth digit stimulation and recording from the abductor digiti minimi muscle is a valid diagnostic tool that can be used in clinical practice.
Intracellular Energy Controls Dynamics of Stress-induced Ribonucleoprotein Granules
Authors: Wang Tao , Tian Xibin , Jang Yura , Huang Paul , Na Chan Hyun , Wang Jiou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnergy metabolism and membraneless organelles have been implicated in human diseases including neurodegeneration. How energy stress regulates ribonucleoprotein particles such as stress granules (SGs) is still unclear. Here we identified a unique type of granules formed under energy stress and uncovered the mechanisms by which the dynamics of diverse stress-induced granules are regulated. Severe energy stress induced the rapid formation of energy-associated stress granules (eSGs), whereas moderate energy stress delayed the clearance of conventional SGs. The formation of eSGs or the clearance of conventional SGs was regulated by the mTOR-4EBP1-eIF4E pathway or eIF4A1, involving eIF4F complex assembly or RNA condensation, respectively. In ALS patients’ neurons or cortical organoids, the eSG formation was enhanced, and conventional SG clearance was impaired. These results reveal a critical role for intracellular energy in the regulation of diverse granules and suggest that an imbalance in these dynamics may contribute to the pathogenesis of relevant diseases.