bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of exercise training on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Engin Buket , Willis Scott A. , Malaikah Sundus , Sargeant Jack A. , Yates Thomas , Gray Laura J. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Stensel David J. , King James A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis determined the impact of exercise training on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in adults. Its scope extended to studies measuring whole‐body and localized subcutaneous adipose tissue insulin sensitivity using validated techniques. Consensus from four studies demonstrates that exercise training improved whole‐body adipose tissue insulin sensitivity when measured via stable‐isotope lipid tracers (rate of appearance suppression in response to hyperinsulinemia). Meta‐analysis of 20 studies (26 intervention arms) employing the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO‐IR) supported these findings (−10.63 [−14.12 to −7.15] pmol·L−1 × mmol·L−1). With ADIPO‐IR, this response was greater in studies documenting weight loss and shorter sampling time (≤48 h) post‐training. Overall, exercise training did not affect whole‐body adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in seven studies (11 intervention arms) measuring the suppression of circulating non‐esterified fatty acids in response to insulin infusion (1.51 [−0.12 to 3.14]%); however, subgroup analysis identified an enhanced suppression post‐training in trials reporting weight loss. From four microdialysis studies, consensus indicates no effect of exercise training on localized (abdominal/femoral) adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, potentially suggesting that enhanced whole‐body responses are related to improvements in central adipose depots. However, heterogeneity within microdialysis protocols dictates that findings must be viewed with caution.
High safety margins to drought‐induced hydraulic failure found in five pasture grasses
Authors: Jacob Vinod , Choat Brendan , Churchill Amber C. , Zhang Haiyang , Barton Craig V. M. , Krishnananthaselvan Arjunan , Post Alison K. , Power Sally A. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Tissue David T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDetermining the relationship between reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water transport during dehydration is key to understanding plant drought responses. While numerous studies have analysed the hydraulic function of woody species, minimal research has been conducted on grasses. Here, we sought to characterize hydraulic vulnerability in five widely‐occurring pasture grasses (including both C3 and C4 grasses) and determine whether reductions in gs and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) during dehydration could be attributed to xylem embolism. Using the optical vulnerability (OV) technique, we found that all species were highly resistant to xylem embolism when compared to other herbaceous angiosperms, with 50% xylem embolism (PX50) occurring at xylem pressures ranging from −4.4 to −6.1 MPa. We observed similar reductions in gs and Kleaf under mild water stress for all species, occurring well before PX50. The onset of xylem embolism (PX12) occurred consistently after stomatal closure and 90% reduction of Kleaf. Our results suggest that factors other than xylem embolism are responsible for the majority of reductions in gs and Kleaf during drought and reductions in the productivity of pasture species under moderate drought may not be driven by embolism.
Suppression of alpha‐band power underlies exogenous attention to emotional distractors
Authors: Arana Lydia , Melcón María , Kessel Dominique , Hoyos Sandra , Albert Jacobo , Carretié Luis , Capilla Almudena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlpha‐band oscillations (8–14 Hz) are essential for attention and perception processes by facilitating the selection of relevant information. Directing visuospatial endogenous (voluntary) attention to a given location consistently results in a power suppression of alpha activity over occipito‐parietal areas contralateral to the attended visual field. In contrast, the neural oscillatory dynamics underlying the involuntary capture of attention, or exogenous attention, are currently under debate. By exploiting the inherent capacity of emotionally salient visual stimuli to capture attention, we aimed to investigate whether exogenous attention is characterized by either a reduction or an increase in alpha‐band activity. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants completed a Posner visuospatial cueing task, in which a lateralized image with either positive, negative, or neutral emotional content competed with a target stimulus presented in the opposite hemifield. Compared with trials with no distractors, alpha power was reduced over occipital regions contralateral to distracting images. This reduction of alpha activity turned out to be functionally relevant, as it correlated with impaired behavioral performance on the ongoing task and was enhanced for distractors with negative valence. Taken together, our results demonstrate that visuospatial exogenous attention is characterized by a suppression of alpha‐band activity contralateral to distractor location, similar to the oscillatory underpinnings of endogenous attention. Further, these results highlight the key role of exogenous attention as an adaptive mechanism for the efficient detection of biologically salient stimuli.
Periostin‐related progression of different types of experimental pulmonary hypertension: A role for M2 macrophage and FGF‐2 signalling
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Nagaoka Tetsutaro , Nagata Yuichi , Suzuki Yoshifumi , Tsutsumi Takeo , Kuriyama Sachiko , Watanabe Junko , Togo Shinsaku , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Matsushita Masakazu , Joki Yusuke , Konishi Hakuoh , Nunomura Satoshi , Izuhara Kenji , Conway Simon J. , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveRemodelling of pulmonary arteries (PA) contributes to the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Periostin, a matricellular protein, has been reported to be involved in the development of PH. We examined the role of periostin in the pathogenesis of PH using different types of experimental PH.MethodsPH was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist (Sugen5416) plus hypoxic exposure (SuHx) and venous injection of monocrotaline‐pyrrole (MCT‐P) in wild‐type (WT) and periostin−/− mice. Pulmonary haemodynamics, PA remodelling, expression of chemokines and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, accumulation of macrophages to small PA and the right ventricle (RV) were examined in PH‐induced WT and periostin−/− mice. Additionally, the role of periostin in the migration of macrophages, human PA smooth muscle (HPASMCs) and endothelial cells (HPMVECs) was investigated.ResultsIn PH induced by SuHx and MCT‐P, PH and accumulation of M2 macrophage to small PA were attenuated in periostin−/− mice. PA remodelling post‐SuHx treatment was also mild in periostin−/− mice compared to WT mice. Expression of macrophage‐associated chemokines and FGF‐2 in lung tissue, and accumulation of CD68‐positive cells in the RV were less in SuHx periostin−/− than in SuHx WT mice. Periostin secretion in HPASMCs and HPMVECs was enhanced by transforming growth factor‐β. Periostin also augmented macrophage, HPASMCs and HPMVECs migration. Separately, serum periostin levels were significantly elevated in patients with PH compared to healthy controls.ConclusionPeriostin is involved in the development of different types of experimental PH, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of human PH.
Risk analysis of fast spreading species in a Kashmir Himalayan National Park (Dachigam) for better monitoring and management
Authors: Yaqoob Saba , Jan Iqra , Reshi Zafar A , Rashid Irfan , Shah Manzoor A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuge economic costs and ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) in the protected areas (PAs) worldwide make their timely prediction and potential risk assessment of central importance for effective management. While the preborder weed risk assessment framework has been extensively evaluated and implemented, the postborder species risk assessment framework has not been subjected to the same degree of scrutiny. Here we used a rather more realistic modified version of the Australian Weed Risk framework (AWRM) for Dachigam National Park (DNP) in Kashmir Himalaya against 84 plant species, including 55 alien species and 29 fast spreading native species, for risk analysis. We found two very high‐risk species, three high‐risk species, 10 medium‐risk species, 29 low‐risk species, and 40 negligible‐risk species in the DNP. The containment scores accordingly ranged from 14.4 to 293.5 comprising of 27 species that can be contained with very high feasibility, 23 species with high feasibility, 14 species with medium feasibility, and 12 species which cannot be contained easily thereby having low feasibility of containment (FOC) score. However, eight species which have a negligible FOC score are difficult to contain within their infestation sites. Our results demonstrate the merit of the AWRM with a caution that the necessary region‐specific modifications may help in its better implementation. Overall, these results provide quite a promising tool in the hands of protected area managers to timely and effectively deal with the problem of plant invasions.
Building blocks for developing a research question: The ABC‐model
Authors: Wisse Maarten , Roeland Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA precisely formulated research question is becoming increasingly important within the humanities. This applies not only to research funding applications, but also to articles, papers, and student theses. This article presents a tool allowing students to develop research questions on their own, which is open enough to allow for a wide variety of research questions, while still giving users sufficient guidance to formulate a precise question. It also offers a concrete roadmap for students to use in developing their research question.
Preventing antibody positive delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle cell disease: Lessons learned from a case
Authors: Rankin Alexander , Webb Jennifer , Nickel Robert Sheppard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionRed blood cell (RBC) transfusions are important in the management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, a potentially catastrophic complication of transfusion in this population is the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR). The pathophysiology of all DHTRs is not understood, but some are known to be caused by an anamnestic resurgence of RBC alloantibodies.Case presentationA child with SCD transfused for acute chest syndrome re‐presented a week after hospital discharge with severe anaemia, hemolysis, and a newly detected anti‐E. This patient had been previously transfused years ago at an outside institution and the anti‐E had not been previously documented.DiscussionThe presented case of an antibody positive DHTR illustrates several concepts critical to the prevention of this complication. RBC alloantibodies must be detected and this information must be shared. Prophylactic C/c, E/e, K antigen matching is helpful for patients with SCD, but systems must be in place to identify these patients. Patients transfused at multiple different hospitals are especially at risk for this complication and efforts are needed to prevent them from suffering a DHTR.
CRISIS Ventilator: Pilot Study of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Gas-Powered Resuscitator in a Porcine Model
Authors: El Haddi S. James , Brito Alex , Subramanian Sarayu , Han XiaoYue , Menzel Whitney , Fontaine Evan , Appleman Maria Luisa , Garay Joseph P. , Child Dennis , Nonas Stephanie , Schreiber Martin A. , Chi Albert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has altered medical practice around the globe and revealed critical deficiencies in hospital supply chains ranging from adequate personal protective equipment to life-sustaining ventilators for critically ill hospitalized patients. We developed the CRISIS ventilator, a gas-powered resuscitator that functions without electricity, and which can be manufactured using hobby-level three-dimensional (3D) printers and standard off-the-shelf equipment available at the local hardware store. CRISIS ventilators were printed and used to ventilate sedated female Yorkshire pigs over 24-h. Pulmonary and hemodynamic values were recorded throughout the 24-h run, and serial arterial blood samples were obtained to assess ventilation and oxygenation. Lung tissue was obtained from each pig to evaluate for signs of inflammatory stress. All five female Yorkshire pigs survived the 24-h study period without suffering from hypoxemia, hypercarbia, or severe hypotension requiring intervention. One animal required rescue at the beginning of the experiment with a traditional ventilator due to leakage around a defective tracheostomy balloon. The wet/dry ratio was 6.74 ± 0.19 compared to historical controls of 7.1 ± 4.2 (not significantly different). This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that our 3D-printed CRISIS ventilator can ventilate and oxygenate a porcine model over the course of 24-h with stable pulmonary and hemodynamic function with similar levels of ventilation-related inflammation when compared with a previous control porcine model. Our work suggests that virtual stockpiling with just-in-time 3D-printed equipment, like the CRISIS ventilator, can temporize shortages of critical infrastructure needed to sustain life for hospitalized patients.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Ionic Wind Assisted Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle: A Numerical Study
Authors: Yang Mengqiao , Yagoobi Jamal , Tilley Burt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImpinging jet nozzles are omnipresent in industrial applications. Innovative impinging jet nozzles, such as radial jet reattachment (RJR) and slot jet reattachment (SJR) nozzles, have been proven to be highly efficient tools to enhance heat and mass transfer, compared to traditional in-line jet and slot-jet nozzles. However, the heat and mass transfer in the region immediately underneath these reattachment nozzles are relatively inefficient. The ionic wind is a promising technique for heat transfer enhancement. The ionic flow is induced when free ions are accelerated by an electric field, and exchange momentum with neutral air molecules. In this numerical study, the performance of the SJR nozzle is improved by the application of an electric field, specifically, ionic wind, which is generated in the region directly between the nozzle and the exposed impingement surface. The two-dimensional numerical model is based on the flow field generated by an ionic wind-assisted SJR nozzle. The simulation results show a significant secondary flow induced under the nozzle, due to ionic wind. A significant enhancement of local and average heat transfer coefficients is achieved. The heat transfer increases with the applied potential and nozzle exit velocity. However, the SJR flow pattern is altered when the air exit velocity is below a certain threshold. The simulation results provide an in-depth understanding of the heat transfer characteristics under various operating conditions and pave the way for developing this novel impinging nozzle design.
Vertebrate paleontology and Cenozoic depositional environments of Death Valley National Park, California, USA
Authors: Nyborg* Torrey , Lander* E. Bruce 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The vertebrate paleontology, lithostratigraphies, and depositional environments of the Cenozoic continental Titus Canyon and Furnace Creek Formations have been the subjects of several recent investigations. The two units are exposed in the Amargosa Range in northeastern Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, southeastern California, USA. Fossil tracks and trackways are preserved in playa mudflat deposits of the Pliocene Furnace Creek Formation at the Cow Creek tracksite on the western slope of the central Funeral Mountains. The tracksite includes footprints of birds and land mammals, as well as associated sedimentary structures. The lower red beds of the Titus Canyon Formation have produced numerous fossilized bones and teeth at Titus and upper Titanothere Canyons in the southeastern half of the Grapevine Mountains. The fossil remains represent 17 extinct genera and species of land mammals and one genus and species of pond turtle. The taxa constitute the Titus Canyon Fauna. The rodents Quadratomus? gigans and Dolocylindrodon texanus, the bear dog Daphoenictis n. sp. (small), and the tapir Colodon stovalli are associated elsewhere only in the correlative, late early late Duchesnean Upper Porvenir Local Fauna of Trans-Pecos or Far West Texas. The local fauna occurs in the Blue Cliff Horizon (i.e., above lower marker bed) in the lower part of the Chambers Tuff Formation. The two assemblages share 12 species. The age of the latter unit is constrained by corrected single-crystal laser-fusion 40Ar/39Ar dates of 37.83 ± 0.09 Ma for the underlying Buckshot Ignimbrite and 37.14 ± 0.08 Ma for the overlying Bracks Rhyolite. However, both determinations should be considered tentative and subject to change with further investigation. The first green conglomerate unit of the Titus Canyon Formation overlies the lower red beds, underlies the Monarch Canyon Tuff Bed, and has produced the first records of land mammal footprints and a land plant (petrified palm wood) from the formation. The Monarch Canyon Tuff Bed and the Unit 38 Tuff Bed, which lies at the mutual tops of the upper “red beds” and the Titus Canyon Formation, are 34.7 ± 0.7 m.y. old and 30.4 ± 0.6 m.y. old, respectively, based on recalculated 40Ar/39Ar dates. Consequently, the Titus Canyon Formation is latest middle Eocene to earliest Oligocene in age, according to the 2020 Paleogene time scale.
Unraveling the multi-phase history of southern Death Valley geology
Authors: Fleming* Zachariah , Pavlis* Terry , Trullenque* Ghislain 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This field trip is designed to highlight recent findings in regard to the tectonic history of the southern Death Valley region. During the first day, stops will take place in the Ibex Hills and adjacent Ibex Pass area. These stops were chosen to emphasize recent work that supports multiple phases of extension in the region, and is recorded by the interactions of complexly overprinted normal faults. Mapping of the Ibex Hills revealed an older set of normal faults that have a down-to-the-SW sense of movement and are cross-cut by down-to-the-NW style normal faults. Additionally, the Ibex Pass basin poses a number of questions regarding its stratigraphy and how it relates to the timing and kinematics of the region. Multiple stops within the basin will show the variation of volcanic and sedimentary units across Ibex Pass. The second day of the field trip is focused more so on the more recent transtensional and strike-slip history of southern Death Valley. In particular, recent mapping has correlated features in the Avawatz and Owlshead Mountains that indicate ~40k m of offset along the Southern Death Valley Fault Zone (SDVFZ). Stops will take place along traces of the SDVFZ in the Avawatz Mountains and the Noble Hills. The final stop of the trip is in the Mormon Point turtleback, where the implications of the SDVFZ offset are discussed, alongside the metamorphic rocks at the stop, suggesting the restoration of the Panamint Range partially atop the Black Mountains.
Implementation of a nurse-led alternate care site for the management of the surge of patients with COVID-19 in an Italian emergency department
Authors: Paganini Matteo , Pizzato Michele , Weinstein Eric , Vecchiato Elena , Bitetti Andrea , Compostella Caterina , Onesto Caterina , Favaro Andrea 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTo accommodate and separate the large numbers of patients going to hospital with COVID-19, many EDs had to create new pathways for patients. We describe the outcomes of patients treated in a nurse-led alternate care site (ACS) at our hospital.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of outcomes of patients managed at the ACS of ‘San Bassiano’ Hospital ED, Bassano del Grappa, Italy between 9 March and 16 April 2020. Self-presenting patients aged 5 years and older, suspected of having COVID-19, were initially diverted to the ACS. Patients with a National Early Warning Score ≥5 or with a desaturation ≥4% after the walking test were sent back to the main ED COVID-19 path for further evaluation and medical attention and were not further followed up. In the ACS, patients received a CXR, blood samples and a nasopharyngeal swab to test for SARS-CoV-2, and were sent home. An emergency physician reviewed the results later and called the patient back 5–6 hours later with instructions to return for medical evaluation of abnormal findings, or to seek their general practitioner’s attention. Patients received a follow-up phone call 15 days later to learn of their course.ResultsA total of 487 patients were fully managed in the ACS and discharged home. Of the 392 (80.5%) patients with no abnormalities after the workup and instructed to stay at home, 29 reattended the ED in the next 15 days, and 13 were admitted. Among the 95 patients asked to return and receive medical attention, 20 were admitted and of those discharged, 3 reattended the ED within 15 days. At 15 days, no patient was deceased or received invasive ventilation; one admitted patient received non-invasive ventilation.ConclusionsA nurse-led ACS diverted a substantial proportion of patients from main ED resources without associated negative clinical outcomes.
Over-the-scope-clips versus standard treatment in high-risk patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a randomised controlled trial (STING-2)
Authors: Meier Benjamin , Wannhoff Andreas , Denzer Ulrike , Stathopoulos Petros , Schumacher Brigitte , Albers David , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Feisthammel Jürgen , Walter Benjamin , Meining Alexander , Wedi Edris , Zachäus Markus , Pickartz Tilman , Küllmer Armin , Schmidt Arthur , Caca Karel 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAcute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is managed by standard endoscopic combination therapy, but a few cases remain difficult and carry a high risk of persistent or recurrent bleeding. The aim of our study was to compare first-line over-the-scope-clips (OTSC) therapy with standard endoscopic treatment in these selected patients.DesignWe conducted a prospective, randomised, controlled, multicentre study (NCT03331224). Patients with endoscopic evidence of acute NVUGIB and high risk of rebleeding (defined as complete Rockall Score ≥7) were included. Primary endpoint was clinical success defined as successful endoscopic haemostasis without evidence of recurrent bleeding.Results246 patients were screened and 100 patients were finally randomised (mean of 5 cases/centre and year; 70% male, 30% female, mean age 78 years; OTSC group n=48, standard group n=52). All but one case in the standard group were treated with conventional clips. Clinical success was 91.7% (n=44) in the OTSC group compared with 73.1% (n=38) in the ST group (p=0.019), with persistent bleeding occurring in 0 vs 6 in the OTSC versus standard group (p=0.027), all of the latter being successfully managed by rescue therapy with OTSC. Recurrent bleeding was observed in four patients (8.3%) in the OTSC group and in eight patients (15.4%) in the standard group (p=0.362).ConclusionOTSC therapy appears to be superior to standard treatment with clips when used by trained physicians for selected cases of primary therapy of NVUGIB with high risk of rebleeding. Further studies are necessary with regards to patient selection to identify subgroups benefiting most from OTSC haemostasis.Trial registration numberNCT03331224.