bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative analysis of Turkish stakeholders perspective for improving medical tourism
Authors: Collins Ayşe , Medhekar Anita , Şanal Zeynep Göknil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis qualitative study explores from Turkish medical tourism stakeholders' perspective the supply‐side driving factors for improving medical tourism services in Turkey and provides positive healthcare experience to medical travelers. Five groups of stakeholders (27 participants) were interviewed: hospitals/medical centers, medical travel‐agencies, medical‐legal regulators, government, and non‐government organizations. Findings show that Turkey has a dual‐sector public and private model of medical tourism service providers. Four interrelated themes with policy implications were generated: medical tourism promotion, logistics and development initiatives, medical cost, hospital quality accreditation, and other issues related to medical‐legal, government incentives for Turkish diaspora, and promoting Turkish medical tourism overseas.
Trends in Positive Surgical Margins in cT1‐T2 Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Robinson Emily M. , Lam Austin S. , Solomon Isaac , Brady Jacob S. , Pang John , Faraji Farhoud , Houlton Jeffrey J. , Futran Neal D. , Barber Brittany R. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate trends in contemporary positive surgical margin incidence in cT1‐T2 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate factors associated with surgical margin status.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of large dataset.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2016, 39,818 patients with cT1 or cT2 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma received primary curative‐intent surgery. Positive surgical margins were present in 7.95% of patients, and univariable adjusted probability of positive surgical margins over the study period declined by 1% per year (odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.0; P = .049). Multivariable regression revealed the annual rate of positive surgical margins declined significantly (OR, 0.95 per year; 95% CI, 0.92–0.97; P < .001). Factors associated with increased odds of positive surgical margins included cT2 disease, subsite, understaged disease, lymphovascular invasion, tumor grade, and positive lymph nodes. Race and socioeconomic status were not associated with surgical margin status. Treatment at an academic center was associated with increased time to definitive surgery (median 35 days IQR 22–50 vs. median 27 days IQR 14–42; P < .001) and a 20% reduction in positive surgical margin rate (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71–0.90; P < .001). Treatment at high‐volume centers was less likely to be associated with positive surgical margins (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.98; P = .02).ConclusionSurgical subsite, clinical T and N category, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and histologic grade were independent predictors of positive surgical margins. Patients are increasingly being treated at high‐volume and academic centers. Overall, the rate of positive surgical margins in cT1‐T2 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is decreasing.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1962–1970, 2022
Dynamics of soil aggregate‐related C‐N‐P stoichiometric characteristics with stand age and soil depth in Chinese fir plantations
Authors: Tang Lili , Wang Shengqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil C‐N‐P stoichiometry offers an effective way to explore the balance, limitation, cycling, and distribution of chemical elements in Chinese fir plantations. This research aimed to explore how soil organic C (Corg), total N (Ntot), and total P (Ptot) contents and stocks, together with their stoichiometric ratios vary with stand age (3, 9, 17, and 26 years) as well as soil layer (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm) at aggregate scales in Chinese fir plantations from Guangxi, China. For Chinese fir plantations of diverse ages, soil aggregate stability, Corg, Ntot, and Ptot contents and stocks, together with C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios, remarkably declined when soil depth increased. Stand age could influence C‐N‐P stoichiometric characteristics in soil, but such effect was more obvious in soil depth of 0–30 cm in comparison to that of 30–40 cm. In 0–30 cm soil layer, Corg and Ntot contents and stocks, together with C/P and N/P ratios, first rose and then reduced during Chinese fir planting; meanwhile, the highest levels could be observed in the 17‐year‐old Chinese fir plantations. However, Ptot content and stock, together with C/N ratio, were not related to the stand age. Overall, the present research helped to understand soil C, N, and P dynamics within a chronosequence of Chinese fir plantations. Also, it provided supplementary information for soil ecological stoichiometry in global terrestrial ecosystems.
Integrating a mixed‐cell cellular automata model and Bayesian belief network for ecosystem services optimization to guide ecological restoration and conservation
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Peng Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn ecosystem is a complex system with a large number of dynamic variables, which poses challenges to the optimization of ecosystem services. However, traditional ecosystem services optimization methods do not take into account the complexity and uncertainty of variables. To address this complexity and uncertainty, we propose an innovative approach using a mixed‐cell cellular automata (MCCA) model and a Bayesian belief network (BBN) model for ecosystem service optimization. This approach was applied to the southern region of Sichuan Province, China, using an existing dataset to simulate land use patterns and predict ecosystem services in 2035 under different development scenarios. To achieve ecological restoration and conservation, we also determined the key factor combinations and key ecological regions at various ecosystem service levels. Results showed that ecological protection scenario design has important significance as a reference for maintaining and ameliorating regional ecosystem services and functions. We also identified that the highest level of ecosystem services was mainly located in the areas with the highest net primary productivity (NPP), the highest slope, the highest forestland area, and low ET. According to these findings, some suggestions for ecological restoration and conservation in key regions were put forward. This approach fully considers the uncertainty of factors; therefore, it can be used as an effective tool for designing ecosystem management strategies.
11‐GHz‐Bandwidth Photonic Radar using MHz Electronics
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Ziqian , Burla Maurizio , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ever‐increasing demand for high resolution and real‐time recognition in radar applications has fuelled the development of electronic radars with increased bandwidth, high operation frequency, and fast processing capability. However, the generation and processing of wideband radar signals increase the hardware burden on complex and high‐speed electronics, limiting its capability for applications that demand high spatial resolutions. Progress is being made, photonics‐assisted radars offer higher frequencies but still heavily rely on costly and sophisticated high‐frequency electronic devices such as benchtop digital microwave waveform generators that fundamentally constrain the bandwidth and the practical utility. Here, for the first time, a photonics‐based radar with >11 GHz bandwidth (exceeding 20 GHz without RF antenna bandwidth limitation) driven and processed by simple MHz‐level‐electronics‐based acoustic‐optic modulation is demonstrated, which radically eliminates the requirement for ultra‐fast GHz‐speed electronics for wideband radar signal generation and processing. This wideband radar achieves centimeter‐level spatial resolution and a real‐time imaging rate of 200 frames s−1, allowing for high‐resolution detection of rapidly moving blades of an unmanned aerial vehicle. This radar provides an important technological basis for next‐generation broadband radars with greatly reduced system complexity essential to ubiquitous sensing applications such as autonomous driving, environmental surveillance, and vital sign detection.
A dose–volume constraint (DVC) projection‐based algorithm for IMPT inverse planning optimization
Authors: Gadoue Sherif M. , Toomeh Dolla , Schultze Blake E. , Schulte Reinhard W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeProvide a projection‐based algorithm to solve the class of optimization problems encountered in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). The algorithm can handle percentage dose–volume constraints (DVCs) that are usually found in such problems.MethodsTo seek a feasible solution, the automatic relaxation method was used to project the spot weight vector onto the interval defined by lower and upper bound target dose constraints. The obtained solution was optimized separately based on the objective of each organ at risk (OAR) in addition to maximizing the minimum target dose using the bisection search method using a stopping criterion of 10 cGy. The combined weight was used in the CQ algorithm to solve the split feasibility problem but with a special projection technique due to the nonconvexity of DVCs. The algorithm was applied to four clinical IMPT cases (meningioma, prostate, tongue, and oropharynx) and compared to the corresponding treatment plans optimized in Eclipse.ResultsThe treatment plans obtained, for the four cases, using the BCQ‐ARM algorithm have dosimetric endpoints that are similar to their counterparts generated from Eclipse. The algorithm worked equally well with all cases, including the complex head and neck ones. The stopping criterion of 10 cGy results in making the generated plans slightly less optimal (–optimal) rather than optimal, but with the advantage of the possibility of generating a database of plans.ConclusionsThe application of the BCQ‐ARM algorithm to different cases of IMPT plans with DVCs was demonstrated. The algorithm is successful in generating plans that are dosimetrically equivalent to their corresponding Eclipse plans. Thus, it is suitable to generate optimized treatment plans in a clinically reasonable time frame.
Wasser: 1 Molekül, 2 Flüssigkeiten, 23 Festkörper
Authors: Tonauer Christina Maria , Fidler Lilli‐Ruth , Loerting Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEin Festkörper, der in 500 km Tiefe im Erdmantel vorkommt und bei 1500 Grad Celsius immer noch nicht schmilzt – wer denkt da an Eis? Tatsächlich hat Eis VII diese Eigenschaften – und das ist nur eines von vielen Gesichtern des Eises.
Das Chemiestudium digitalisieren
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMit etwas über 300 000 Euro insgesamt förderte der Fonds der chemischen Industrie im letzten Jahr Projekte für neue Lehr‐Lern‐Methoden an Hochschulen. Diese schaffen vor allem Soft‐ und Hardware an – für Automatisierung im Praktikum, virtuelle Laboratorien oder elektronische Laborbücher.
An update to collaborating for improving diabetes care in Ealing, London: investment, integration and innovation, years 2011–2020
Authors: Chandok Raj , Baynes Kevin , Birnbaum Maurice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMore than a decade of investment, integration and innovation in primary and community diabetes care in Ealing, UK, is now showing tangible and sustainable improvements in metrics of good diabetes care. From a low baseline, data from the National Diabetes Audit show improvements in both the care processes delivered and, crucially, the biomedical outcomes achieved in the Three Treatment Targets – for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This was accomplished while the prevalence of diabetes increased from 6.4% to 9%. Analysis of hospital admissions data suggests that a number of diabetes‐related admissions reduced with possible associated cost savings of greater than £400,000. Factors contributing to these improvements are discussed. Ealing is therefore an exemplar case study for improving diabetes care services within the future Integrated Care Systems. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Temperature effect on the tensile properties of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Amorim Felipe C. , Souza Joao F. B. , da Costa Mattos Heraldo S. , Reis Joao M. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present paper investigates the effect of temperature of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) under tension. UPVC specimens were tensile tested across a range of temperatures (from −20°C to 60°C). The UPVC, like other polymers, was strongly affected by temperature. Those below room temperature were more fragile but had greater tensile strength and stiffness. When room temperature is exceeded, the UPVC test specimens became softer, with lower strength and stiffness. Considering the results, an analytical expression to predict the mechanical behavior of UPVC in tensile tests at different temperatures—more specifically a description of the experimental tensile stress–strain curves by an algebraic equation is proposed. A reasonable approximation of the stress–strain curve was possible to obtain with a minimum of three tests performed at different temperatures. The analytical results were in good agreement with experimental ones.
Homotopy Transfer and Effective Field Theory II: Strings and Double Field Theory
Authors: Arvanitakis Alex S. , Hohm Olaf , Hull Chris , Lekeu Victor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe continue our study of effective field theory via homotopy transfer of ‐algebras, and apply it to tree‐level non‐Wilsonian effective actions of the kind discussed by Sen in which the modes integrated out are comparable in mass to the modes that are kept. We focus on the construction of effective actions for string states at fixed levels and in particular on the construction of weakly constrained double field theory. With these examples in mind, we discuss closed string theory on toroidal backgrounds and resolve some subtle issues involving vertex operators, including the proper form of cocycle factors and of the reflector state. This resolves outstanding issues concerning the construction of covariant closed string field theory on toroidal backgrounds. The weakly constrained double field theory is formally obtained from closed string field theory on a toroidal background by integrating out all but the ‘doubly massless’ states and homotopy transfer then gives a prescription for determining the theory's vertices and symmetries. We also discuss consistent truncation in the context of homotopy transfer.
A modeling‐based proposal for safe and efficacious reintroduction of bedaquiline after dose interruption: A population pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Keutzer Lina , Akhondipour Salehabad Yasamin , Davies Forsman Lina , Simonsson Ulrika S. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBedaquiline (BDQ) is recommended for treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) for the majority of patients. Given its long terminal half‐life and safety concerns, such as QTc‐prolongation, re‐introducing BDQ after multiple dose interruption is not intuitive and there are currently no existing guidelines. In this simulation‐based study, we investigated different loading dose strategies for BDQ re‐introduction, taking safety and efficacy into account. Multiple scenarios of time and length of interruption as well as BDQ re‐introduction, including no loading dose, 1‐ and 2‐week loading doses (200 mg and 400 mg once daily), were simulated from a previously published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model describing BDQ and its main metabolite M2 PK in patients with MDR‐TB. The efficacy target was defined as 95.0% of the average BDQ concentration without dose interruption during standard treatment. Because M2 is the main driver for QTc‐prolongation, the safety limit was set to be below the maximal average M2 metabolite concentration in a standard treatment. Simulations suggest that dose interruptions between treatment weeks 3 and 72 (interruption length: 1 to 6 weeks) require a 2‐week loading dose of 200 mg once daily in the typical patient. If treatment was interrupted for longer than 8 weeks, a 2‐week loading dose (400 mg once daily) was needed to reach the proposed efficacy target, slightly exceeding the safety limit. In conclusion, we here propose a strategy for BDQ re‐introduction providing guidance to clinicians for safe and efficacious BDQ dosing.
Improving the Met Office's Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) with the assimilation of satellite‐derived sea‐ice thickness data from CryoSat‐2 and SMOS in the Arctic
Authors: Mignac Davi , Martin Matthew , Fiedler Emma , Blockley Ed , Fournier Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDerived from two complementary satellites, CryoSat‐2 and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), sea ice thickness (SIT) data are assimilated into the Met Office's global ocean–sea ice forecasting system, FOAM, using a 3D‐Var assimilation scheme, NEMOVAR. CryoSat‐2 along‐track SITs, which are converted from freeboard measurements using the model snow depth, and a daily, gridded SMOS SIT product are used in the assimilation to constrain the Arctic sea ice thickness. When using only CryoSat‐2 assimilation, SIT forecast fields within the ice pack are greatly improved with respect to independent airborne measurements. However, the positive impacts of CryoSat‐2 assimilation in thick ice regions are counteracted by an SIT overestimation in areas of thin ice, due to biased freeboard measurements there. Adding the SMOS assimilation results in much thinner SITs in those regions, which performs better than the control when compared to SIT objective analyses and mooring measurements in the Beaufort and Barents Seas. Furthermore, SMOS assimilation enhances the short‐term predictive skill of the marginal sea‐ice concentration relative to the control. This is translated into a consistent retreat of the sea‐ice covered areas in the 5‐day forecasts during March 2017, which is in better agreement with independent ice edge products. This work successfully demonstrates improvements in FOAM sea ice when SIT observations from both CryoSat‐2 and SMOS are assimilated, representing an important step towards the operational implementation of SIT assimilation within Met Office forecasting systems.
The linkage between Agile project management and sustainable development: A theoretical and empirical view
Authors: Zakrzewska Małgorzata , Piwowar‐Sulej Katarzyna , Jarosz Szymon , Sagan Adam , Sołtysik Mariusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe issue of project management methodologies has never be undertaken by academics in the context of their contribution to sustainability. There is the lack of understanding which Agile Project Management (APM) results and Agile value creation methods are in line with the assumptions of sustainability. The article fills this gap and presents the linkage between Agile project management and sustainability. The article presents both theoretical considerations as well as the results of empirical research that explains the relationship between APM and sustainability. As a result of multiple surveys, Guttman scales were developed, which showed the degree of Agile aspects' influence on sustainability, taking into account both the results of Agile implementation and the methods of value creation. Research revealed that improving the timeliness of deliveries, increase in productivity and improving the atmosphere in the organization as APM result is significant for sustainability. Value creation methods that most correspond with sustainability are design thinking and Agile rituals. The above provide certain practical and theoretical implications.
Two Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Congeners Show Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE): Exploring AIE Potential for Sensor and Imaging Applications
Authors: Mala Ramanjaneyulu , Divya Dhakshinamurthy , Vijayan Priyadharshni , Narayanasamy Mathivanan , Thennarasu Sathiah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDensity functional theoretical calculations predicted non‐coplanar twisted geometry for two new imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives, Imp and ImBt. Analysis of single‐crystal of Imp asserted the non‐coplanar twisted geometry, which is implicated in aggregation induced emission (AIE) of small aromatic molecules. Universal quenching by water was observed in aqueous THF solutions of Imp and ImBt, but they showed AIE effect when the water content was more than 80 %. Non‐fluorescent solutions of Imp and ImBt in THF‐water (7 : 3 v/v) mixture turned fluorescent on addition of specific metal ions prompting their potential to be explored for turn‐on sensor applications. While ImBt showed AIE response to Cd2+, Hg2+ and Al3+, Imp displayed AIE effect only to Cd2+ ions, under identical conditions. Absence of interference from common metal ions (including Hg2+ and Al3+) led to selective formation of Imp‐CdCl2 (1 : 1) complex, which offered the limit of detection of Cd2+ to be 19.2 μM. The observed selectivity for Cd2+ permitted the use of Imp in the imaging of live Rhizoctonia oryze contaminated with Cd2+ ions.
Crystallographic and Computational Characterisation of the Potential PET Tracer 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐tri(methylenephosphonato)gallium(III)
Authors: Davey Patrick R. W. J. , Forsyth Craig M. , Paterson Brett M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe macrocyclic chelator 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐tri(methylenephosphonic acid) (H6NOTP) has shown significant promise for use in positron emission tomography with the positron‐emitting radionuclide 68Ga3+. We report the X‐ray crystal structure of the neutral complex 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐tri(methylenephosphonato)gallium(III) ([Ga(H3NOTP)]), which crystallised in the centrosymmetric space group P21/n. The coordination geometry of the Ga3+ ion is distorted octahedral with three macrocyclic amine N donor atoms and three singly deprotonated phosphonato O donor atoms. Two discrete enantiomers, Δ(λλλ)‐SSS and Λ(δδδ)‐RRR, are present as a racemate within the unit cell. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds between phosphonic acid groups of adjacent complexes form a two‐dimensional sheet network. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the observation of complexes with low electric field gradient values with slight but significant deviations from ideal octahedral geometry. The DFT calculations were also used to investigate the influence of intermolecular interactions and ligand protonation states on the coordination environment and surface charge distribution.
Lemon Juice: A Versatile Biocatalyst and Green Solvent in Organic Transformations
Authors: Shaik Baji Baba , Seboletswe Pule , Mohite Sachin Balaso , Katari Naresh Kumar , Bala Muhammad D. , Karpoormath Rajshekhar , Singh Parvesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGreen chemistry is the basis for fast‐growing, eco‐friendly, alternative sustainable technologies for the development of chemical products without the use or generation of hazardous catalysts. The role of naturally occurring fruit juice as a catalyst or solvent in organic synthesis has gained focused interest across the globe. Lemon juice‐mediated synthesis has been widely explored recently as a highly significant, selective solvent and biocatalyst in organic synthesis. This review presents recent developments on lemon‐juice mediated transformations and their application to synthesize molecules or building blocks of pharmaceutical interest. We believe this review article will be of interest to researchers both in academic and industrial settings focused on developing novel pharmacophores from a green chemistry principles perspective.