bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing Processes for Permanent Magnets: Part II—Bonding and Emerging Methods
Authors: Cui Jun , Ormerod John , Parker David S. , Ott Ryan , Palasyuk Andriy , McCall Scott , Paranthaman Mariappan Parans , Kesler Michael S. , McGuire Michael A. , Nlebedim Cajetan , Pan Chaochao , Lograsso Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPermanent magnets produce magnetic fields and maintain the field even in the presence of an opposing magnetic field. They are widely used in electric machines, electronics, and medical devices. Part I reviews the conventional manufacturing processes for commercial magnets, including Nd-Fe-B, Sm-Co, alnico, and ferrite in cast and sintered forms. In Part II, bonding, emerging advanced manufacturing processes, as well as magnet recycling methods are briefly reviewed for their current status, challenges, and future directions.
Mediterranean Diet and its Effect on Endothelial Function: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Rashid Ahmed Mustafa , Memon Usama Abdul Ahad , Fatima Syeda Sidra , Javaid Syed Sarmad , Shahid Omema , Zehri Fazila , Obaid Muhammad Adil , Ahmad Mahlika , Almas Talal , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial dysfunction serves as an early marker for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); therefore, it is a site of therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of CVD.AimsTo examine the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), as an intervention, on structural and functional parameters of endothelial function, and how it may reduce the risk of CVD and associated mortality.MethodsMedline database was searched for randomized controlled trials. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on 21 independent datasets. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to assess whether the effect of MedDiet was modified by health status (healthy subjects or with increased CVD risk), type of MedDiet intervention (alone or combined), type of parameter (functional or structural), study design (cross-over or parallel), BMI, age, and study duration. Our study used sample size, mean, and standard deviation of endothelial function measurements for both MedDiet intervention and control in the analyses.ResultsInverse relationship between endothelial function and intake of MedDiet was observed (SMD: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.52;P = 0.0001). Overall, MedDiet increased FMD by 1.39% (95% CI: 0.47, 2.19;P < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in endothelial function in both healthy patients and in those with an increased risk of CVD. No significant variation was observed in the effects of MedDiet on endothelial function, due to study design or type of intervention.ConclusionsThese findings support that MedDiet can reduce the risk of CVD by improving endothelial function.
Investigation of very low Earth orbits (VLEOs) for global spaceborne lidar
Authors: McGrath Ciara , Lowe Christopher , Macdonald Malcolm , Hancock Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVery low Earth orbits (VLEOs) have been proposed as a beneficial space mission regime due to their propensity to increase instrument spatial resolution and reduce launch cost per unit mass. However, for visual instruments, these benefits come at the cost of a decreased instrument swath width. This reduction results in longer revisit periods for regions on Earth and longer time until global coverage is achieved. Conversely, light detection and ranging (lidar) as an active remote sensing technique, can benefit from larger swath widths at lower altitudes, due to the increased signal-to-noise ratio. Investigation of this relationship shows that lidar swath width is inversely proportional to altitude squared, and, as a result, the number of spacecraft required to provide a desired lidar coverage also decreases approximately in inverse proportion to altitude squared. Investigation of suitable propulsion systems shows that although propellant mass and number of thrusters required for orbit maintenance increases with decreasing altitude, the overall system mass, and hence launch cost, will, in general, tend to decrease with decreasing altitude due to the lower number of spacecraft required. For a given mission, spacecraft bus, and propulsion system, a VLEO altitude can be identified that will result in the minimum overall mission cost.
Experimental study on water-based mud: investigate rheological and filtration properties using cupressus cones powder
Authors: Ali Imtiaz , Ahmad Maqsood , Ganat Tarek Al-Arbi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImproper drilling fluid parameters may induce a variety of issues, including insufficient cuttings transport, limited solids suspension, poor hole cleaning, and excessive filtrate invasion to the formation. Controlled and optimized drilling fluids rheology is considered the key parameter to solve severe drilling problems encountered during drilling operations. Oil-based muds have numerous applications, but owing to some economic, environmental, and operational challenges, drilling companies are looking for new additives to enhance the characteristics of water-based muds for improved performance. However, the longer exposure of some WBM additives degrades them, which leads to insignificant mud characteristics. In this study, micro-sized naturally occurring agro-material namely cupressus cones powder (CCP) has been assessed as a potential additive in WBM for the first time to enhance the mud performance by improving its rheological and filtration properties. The objective of this study is to prepare a drilling fluid using abundantly available cupressus cones powder and investigate its effects on mud properties. The rheological and filtration characteristics of the drilling muds were determined based on API standards. A series of experiments have been performed to evaluate the impact of CCP loading on the rheology and fluid loss characteristics of drilling mud. The concentration of CCP was varied from 1 to 7 ppb. The findings of rheological characteristics demonstrated that altering the CCP loading enhanced the plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength of water-based drilling mud. The optimal concentration for PV was recorded in the range of 2–4 ppb, while the optimum value of YP was obtained at 6 ppb. Moreover, the temperature affected the viscosity and filtration of the mud, whereas the CCP containing muds were found salt resistant. The percent decrease in filtrate volume at 25, 121, and 150 °C was noted as 50, 59.6, and 62%, respectively. The effectiveness of the CCP was also observed from the SEM analysis. This study described the use of a locally available agro-waste material as a potential mud additive.
Indigenous local observations and experiences can give useful indicators of climate change in data-deficient regions
Authors: Chanza Nelson , Musakwa Walter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study demonstrates that Indigenous local observations and experiences can enrich knowledge of climate change, particularly in data-deficient regions that are not adequately covered by weather stations. Paradoxically, these places host groups of Indigenous Peoples who have rich knowledge about their local climates from their many years of constant interactions with the environment. The study used group-based semi-structured interviews to collaborate with keystone elderly participants who had profound knowledge and lived experiences about observed changes in their local environment (n = 13). These participants were identified through theoretical sampling from four remote Indigenous villages of Mbire District in Zimbabwe. The purpose of the study was to identify indicators of climate change impacts from communities believed not to have been much influenced by the scientific construct of climate change. Results revealed that the locals have a keen interest to closely observe changes occurring in their environment, including finer accounts of experiences with climatic events, owing to their predominantly climate-sensitive livelihoods. These results corroborate existing evidence about a warmer and drier climate and the reported increase in the frequency and severity of drought as well as floods in the area, and add finer details to the changes in ecological, hydrological and human systems, which are not sufficiently reported in existing climate impact studies. We also flagged new observations in biological systems as pointers for further intensive investigation. Given the complexity associated with understanding impacts of climate change and the urgent need to refine knowledge about the same, we argued for perforation of the boundaries of climate science to accommodate enriching perceptions of Indigenous communities who have been religiously observing changes happening in their local environment, albeit being relegated.
Epigenetic Aging in Early Life: Role of Maternal and Early Childhood Nutrition
Authors: Koemel Nicholas A. , Skilton Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewEarly life presents a pivotal period during which nutritional exposures are more likely to cause epigenetic modifications, which may impact an individual’s health during adulthood. This article reviews the current evidence regarding maternal and early childhood nutritional exposures and their role in epigenetic aging.Recent FindingsMaternal and early life consumption of diets higher in fiber, antioxidants, polyphenols, B vitamins, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acids is associated with slower epigenetic aging. Conversely, diets higher in glycemic load, fat, saturated fat, and ω-6 fatty acids demonstrate a positive association with epigenetic aging.SummaryMaternal and early life nutrition directly and indirectly influences epigenetic aging via changes in one-carbon metabolism, cardiometabolic health, and the microbiome. Clinical trials are warranted to determine the specific foods, dietary patterns, and dietary supplements that will normalize or lower epigenetic aging across the life course.
Assessment of aflatoxin and heavy metals levels in maize and poultry feeds from Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ifie Idolo , Igwebuike Chinyere G. , Imasuen Paul , Akalamudo Winnie , Oghenebrorhie Obakanurhe , Akpodiete Job O. , Eze Ukpai A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the concentration of total aflatoxin and heavy metals (lead cadmium, chromium and copper) in poultry feed and ingredients from two regions (north and central) in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 120 samples collected (comprising of maize, soybean meal, layers mash and broiler finisher) directly from poultry farms, feed mills and poultry feed dealers were analysed for moisture content, total aflatoxin and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium and copper) concentrations. Moisture content was analysed using standard Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method, while total aflatoxin and heavy metals concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Total aflatoxins concentrations ranged from 12.0 to 20 µg/kg and 21 to 31 µg/kg in samples from north and central region, respectively. Apart from maize, aflatoxin content in other samples from the north was marginally lower (18–20 µg/kg) than permitted levels. On the other hand, aflatoxin levels in samples from the central were all above tolerable limits. Copper content in samples was less than permissible limit, while 44.4, 29.1 and 21% of samples had concentrations of lead, cadmium and chromium, respectively, above permissible limit. The presence of aflatoxin and lead in poultry feeds above permissible limits of 20 µg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, may pose a risk for animal productivity and human health.
Development of bioanode for versatile applications: microfuel cell system in the presence of alcohol and glucose
Authors: Ledesma-García J. , Gurrola M. P. , Trejo-Arroyo D. L. , Rodríguez-Morales J. A. , Gutiérrez A. , Escalona-Villalpando R. A. , Arriaga L. G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to develop a bioanode using the enzymes of glucose oxidase (GOx) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as catalysts to oxidised glucose and alcohol present in different beverages. The study was carried out using the covalent bonding method for both enzymes via the functionalization of carbon nanofibers for the formation of carboxyl groups that can form bonds with the amine groups of the enzyme, as well as using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) with Nafion. The optimum operation parameters of both enzymes (pH and temperature) were determined for the later evaluation in a microfluidic fuel cell. In addition, using the scanning electrochemical microscopy technique, a local study of enzymatic processes is used to demonstrate that the enzymes immobilized on the same electrode remain active. The evaluation of the microfluidic fuel cell was carried out using different solutions, 0.01 M glucose, 0.01 M ethanol and a mixture of 0.01 M glucose and 0.01 M ethanol, all in phosphate buffer solutions at pH 7, where it was possible to obtain a maximum performance of 5.07 ± 0.1 mW cm−2, and there was a significant increase in current density compared to non-composite solutions (glucose or ethanol). In addition, different alcoholic beverages were used to evaluate the versatility and adaptability of the bi-enzymatic anode electrode with the perspective use in Lab-on-a-Chip systems.
Multi-objective multi-criteria evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective multi-task optimization
Authors: Du Ke-Jing , Li Jian-Yu , Wang Hua , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvolutionary multi-objective multi-task optimization is an emerging paradigm for solving multi-objective multi-task optimization problem (MO-MTOP) using evolutionary computation. However, most existing methods tend to directly treat the multiple multi-objective tasks as different problems and optimize them by different populations, which face the difficulty in designing good knowledge transferring strategy among the tasks/populations. Different from existing methods that suffer from the difficult knowledge transfer, this paper proposes to treat the MO-MTOP as a multi-objective multi-criteria optimization problem (MO-MCOP), so that the knowledge of all the tasks can be inherited in a same population to be fully utilized for solving the MO-MTOP more efficiently. To be specific, the fitness evaluation function of each task in the MO-MTOP is treated as an evaluation criterion in the corresponding MO-MCOP, and therefore, the MO-MCOP has multiple relevant evaluation criteria to help the individual selection and evolution in different evolutionary stages. Furthermore, a probability-based criterion selection strategy and an adaptive parameter learning method are also proposed to better select the fitness evaluation function as the criterion. By doing so, the algorithm can use suitable evaluation criteria from different tasks at different evolutionary stages to guide the individual selection and population evolution, so as to find out the Pareto optimal solutions of all tasks. By integrating the above, this paper develops a multi-objective multi-criteria evolutionary algorithm framework for solving MO-MTOP. To investigate the proposed algorithm, extensive experiments are conducted on widely used MO-MTOPs to compare with some state-of-the-art and well-performing algorithms, which have verified the great effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Therefore, treating MO-MTOP as MO-MCOP is a potential and promising direction for solving MO-MTOP.
Rethinking ResNets: improved stacking strategies with high-order schemes for image classification
Authors: Luo Zhengbo , Sun Zitang , Zhou Weilian , Wu Zizhang , Kamata Sei-ichiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Various deep neural network architectures (DNNs) maintain massive vital records in computer vision. While drawing attention worldwide, the design of the overall structure lacks general guidance. Based on the relationship between DNN design and numerical differential equations, we performed a fair comparison of the residual design with higher order perspectives. We show that the widely used DNN design strategy, constantly stacking a small design (usually, 2–3 layers), could be easily improved, supported by solid theoretical knowledge and with no extra parameters needed. We reorganise the residual design in higher order ways, which is inspired by the observation that many effective networks can be interpreted as different numerical discretisations of differential equations. The design of ResNet follows a relatively simple scheme, which is Euler forward; however, the situation becomes complicated rapidly while stacking. We suppose that stacked ResNet is somehow equalled to a higher order scheme; then, the current method of forwarding propagation might be relatively weak compared with a typical high-order method such as Runge–Kutta. We propose HO-ResNet to verify the hypothesis on widely used CV benchmarks with sufficient experiments. Stable and noticeable increases in performance are observed, and convergence and robustness are also improved. Our stacking strategy improved ResNet-30 by 2.15% and ResNet-58 by 2.35% on CIFAR-10, with the same settings and parameters. The proposed strategy is fundamental and theoretical and can, therefore, be applied to any network as a general guideline.

Graphical abstract
Influence of geological factors on coal permeability in the Sihe coal mine
Authors: Zou Guangui , Zhang Qianhua , Peng Suping , She Jiasheng , Teng Deliang , Jin Chaochao , Che Yuyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPermeability of coal reservoirs influence the extraction of coal gas from coal seams. Twelve coal samples were collected at an anticline and a syncline of the No. 3 coal seam in the Sihe coal mine. Porosity, permeability, pore size, vitrinite reflectance, and liquid nitrogen adsorption of the samples were evaluated. Structural curvatures at the sample locations, and the distance between the sampling locations and the nearest faults were calculated based on seismic data. The influences of the evaluated parameters on permeability were analyzed. Major factors that influence permeability of the No. 3 coal seam were extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the porosity–permeability model derived from the Archie formula and classic Kozeny–Carman equation, we deduced that the permeability of coal increased with an increase in porosity. With an increase in average vitrinite reflectance, permeability decreases first and then increases. PCA results showed that coal permeability was regulated by three key components representing three modes. The first component included pore size, depth, and pore complexity accounting for 52.59% of the variability indicating that it was the most important in controlling permeability. The second component included specific surface area, structural curvature, and porosity, and the third component comprised of specific surface area, porosity, and average vitrinite reflectance. Overall, pore diameter and complexity had significant effects on coal permeability. The results show that researchers and stakeholders must consider the interactions among multiple factors rather than single factors to understand the influences on permeability to facilitate efficient utilization of coalbed methane resources.
The Social Cognitions of Victims of Bullying: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kellij Sanne , Lodder Gerine M. A. , van den Bedem Neeltje , Güroğlu Berna , Veenstra René 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe nature of the relation between victimization of bullying and social information processing is unclear. The prevention hypothesis predicts that victims focus more on negative social cues to prevent further escalation. In contrast, the reaffiliation hypothesis predicts that victims focus more on positive social cues to restore the social situation. Alternatively, the desensitization hypothesis predicts that victims become increasingly insensitive to social cues because of a numbing effect. This systematic review examines evidence for these three hypotheses on the relation between victimization and social information processing. The focus is on two phases of social information processing: encoding of social information (attending to and registration of social cues) and interpreting social information (making sense of multiple social cues simultaneously). These phases are important prerequisites for behavioral responses. The systematic search led to the inclusion of 142 articles, which were published between 1998 and 2021 and received quality assessment. The studies included on average about 1600 participants (range: 14–25,684), who were on average 11.4 years old (range: 4.1–17.0). The topics covered in the literature included attention to and accurate registration of social cues, peer perception, attribution of situations, empathy, and theory of mind. The results were most often in line with the prevention hypothesis and suggested that victimization is related to a negative social-cognitive style, as shown by a more negative perception of peers in general and more negative situational attribution. Victimization seemed unrelated to abilities to empathize or understand others, which contradicted the desensitization hypothesis. However, desensitization may only occur after prolonged and persistent victimization, which to date has been sparsely studied. The reaffiliation hypothesis could not be thoroughly examined, because most studies did not include positive social cues. In bullying prevention, it is important to consider the negative social information processing style related to victimization, because this style may impede the development of positive social interactions.
Choices and Contexts in India’s Constitutional Founding
Authors: Dann Philipp 
Published: February 2022

Abstract‘India’s founding moment’ a moment of breath-taking political imagination and it is one of the great achievements of Madhav Khosla. to unpack important parts of its pre-history and emergence. This article will look at two questions—one about alternatives and the other about contexts. Regarding alternatives, I am interested in the paths not taken and an understanding of possibilities. I try to get a sense of possible alternative futures or modernities that the founding generation pondered, in the best case allowing us to wonder what we can learn from the choices made as well as from the paths rejected. The other question I raise is the question of the intellectual contexts, in which the founding took place. Coming from a non-Indian perspective, I am interested in the entanglements, the contexts and potentially migrating ideas that emerge.
Research on dynamic path planning method of moving single target based on visual AGV
Authors: Sun Meng , Lu Liqun , Ni Huiting , Wang Yi , Gao Janghui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to research the ability of AGV to cope with the dynamic path planning in mobile single-object dynamic environment, the dynamic path planning methods based on reduced point and non-reduced point were proposed. This paper focuses on the dynamic path planning method of non-reduced point moving targets, adopts the method of combining historical data and real-time data, establishing the NAR neural network prediction model to predict velocity of moving target, and connecting with the A * algorithm, through the example simulation experiment, the results show that the effective success rate of the algorithm reaches 77.5% in the map environment set in this paper.