bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomogram to Predict Left Atrial Appendage Flow Velocity in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Cui Kaijun , Han Shaojie , Jia Ruikun , Cen Zhifu , Guo Ran , Zhao Shenyu , Liu Ming , Li Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The flow velocity of the left atrial appendage (LAA), which is closely linked to thrombus or spontaneous echo contrast of the LAA, is one of the significant risk factors for stroke. Therefore, a non-invasive and effective method for determining LAA flow velocity that is as accurate as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) would be of significant therapeutic value. The aim of this study was to construct nomograms for predicting lower LAA flow velocity by using non-invasive methods.Patients and methods: Data were obtained from 1910 non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients who underwent TEE. A nomogram was constructed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. We calculated the area under the curve to determine how well the risk scores predicted outcomes. Furthermore, the nomogram's performance was evaluated using calibration.Results: In the training and validation groups, reduced LAA flow velocity was recorded in 344 (27.8%) and 302 (44.9%), respectively. Left atrial diameter, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, left ventricular ejection fraction, hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and non-paroxysmal AF was found to be independent factors for decreased LAA flow velocity in multivariate analysis, and a nomogram was created by using these variables. In the training and validation groups, the nomogram had strong concordance scores of 0.760 and 0.791 in predicting decreased LAA flow velocity.Conclusion: In this study, a nomogram was constructed that incorporated five characteristics of AF patients. The nomogram may be of great value to predicting LAA flow velocity and provide a new direction for the evaluation of LAA flow velocity or function
Copper Compounds Influence Deterioration of Burlap in Soil1,2
Authors: Kuhns Larry J. , Sydnor T. Davis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Treatment of burlap with copper sulfate (CuSO4) or copper naphthenate (Cu Nap) retarded its deterioration in soil. Deterioration of CuSC4-treated burlap was independent of treatment concentration while deterioration of Cu Nap-treated burlap was directly related to treatment concentration. Burlap treated with CuSC4 had a higher Cu content and lower initial break strength than burlap treated with Cu Nap. At 24°C, burlap treated with CuSC4 retained effective strength an average of 27 weeks, with Cu Nap, between 8 and 72 weeks. The rate of deterioration was significantly lower at 2°.
Inheritance of Viscosity Potential in Tomato1
Authors: Allen Stevens M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inheritance of the viscosity potential of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits was studied using parents and F1, BCP1, BCP2, and F2 progeny from the crosses VF145-7879 × VF109 and VF145-7879 × 9039-M. Differences in viscosity from both crosses were controlled by 3 or fewer genes. In the VF145-7879 × VF109 cross there was bimodal distribution of BCP1 and F2 progeny which supports relatively simple inheritance. Partition analysis of the VF145-7879 × 9039-M cross supported the view that 3 or fewer genes were involved in viscosity difference. The heritability estimates were high for both crosses (0.75 and 0.68) and analysis of genetic variance showed that additive genic effects were most important. In the VF145-7879 × VF109 cross there was small, but significant, additive × dominance interaction whereas in the VF145-7879 × 9039-M there was no interaction but there were dominance effects. Study of the heritabilities of 5 components of the alcohol-insoluble solids did not clarify the genetic analysis of viscosity potential. Possible effects of competition for photosynthate on the genetic analysis are discussed.
Factors Influencing Low-temperature After-ripening in Seed of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.1
Authors: Hamilton D. F. , Carpenter P. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Both physical and metabolic events were found important in the dormancy-regulating mechanism of seed of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. Covering structures offered mechanical resistance to germination, but they did not restrict the flow of water to the embryo. Oxygen concentrations from 60 to 100% increased germination, indicating that the endocarp and seed coat may restrict gaseous exchange by the dormant embryo. Restricted gaseous exchange may compliment a germination-inhibiting substance found in dormant seed. Gibberellic acid decreased the stratification period, but kinetin and potassium nitrate were ineffective.
Inflorescence Development and Fruit Set in Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt. cv. Burfordii as Influenced by Temperature and Photoperiod1
Authors: Wright R. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inflorescence development and fruit set of ‘Burford’ holly was rapid at a day/night temperature of 26°/22°C and progressively slower at 22°/18° and 18°/14°. The number of flowers to set fruit, however, was increased at lower temperatures for both long photoperiod (LD = 9 hours + 3 hours dark interruption) and short photoperiod (SD = 9 hours). At 22°/18°, SD increased fruit set over LD. No significant temperature-photoperiod interaction was observed. A greater number of vegetative shoots developed as temperature increased and mean shoot length was correlated with the number of flowers to set fruit.
Inheritance of Interlocular Cavitation in a Six-parent Diallel Cross in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Park Hyo G. , Davis David W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of interlocular cavitation (IC), characterized by rupture of the soft, parenchymatous endocarp tissue between the seed locules in developing snap bean pods, was studied using 6 parental cultivars, all 30 possible F1 progenies grown in the greenhouse, and the 30 F2 families grown at various planting dates at 2 field locations.
IC appeared to be a highly heritable character conditioned by a predominantly additive polygenic system with partial dominance for resistance. Reciprocal effects were negligible. Neither epistasis nor transgressive segregation was detected. Order of susceptibility among genotypes was maintained over the wide range of environments. Genotype × environment interaction was significant, but was relatively small compared to total genetic variability. Association between greenhouse-grown F1 and field-grown F2 plants was high for degree of IC, suggesting that F1 performance might be informative in choosing superior crosses. Breeding progress appears to be feasible in a program designed to utilize the large amount of additive genetic variance.
Interspecific Hybridization between Brassica napus L. (Napobrassica group) and B. oleracea L. (Botrytis group)1
Authors: Honma Shigemi , Summers W. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A cross between rutabaga and cauliflower was achieved by crossing Brassica napus cv. York × B. oleracea cv. Greenball. The characteristics of the F1 differed from rutabaga and were for the most part intermediate between the two parents.
The Influence of Growing Temperature on the Amino Acid and Nucleic Acid Concentrations of Potato Tubers1
Authors: Vigue J. T. , Li P. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seven experimental selections and one commercial cultivar of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown in moderate (22/18°C, day/night) and cool (11/7°, day/night) regimes to determine the influence of temperature on potato tuber nitrogen, amino acid, and nucleic acid levels. Tubers from low temperatures had higher percentages of rRNA and lower levels of alpha-keto acids. Moderate and cool grown tubers of the same genotype exhibited slightly different gel electrophoretic banding patterns in 88% of the samples, evidence that tuber protein composition was altered. Glutamate, from HCl hydrolysates, was higher in cool grown tubers. Most cool grown tubers were higher in Kjeldahl nitrogen, due in part to higher levels of glutamate family amino acids, i.e. glutamate, proline and arginine. The free amino acids, histidine and arginine were higher in the cool grown tubers. The essential amino acid scores of leucine, isoleucine, lysine, threonine and valine and the amino acid patterns of methionine were significantly lower in the cool grown tubers; consequently, the cool grown tubers were nutritionally inferior per unit of tuber nitrogen.
Postharvest Effect of Modified Levels of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Oxygen on Disorders and Appearance of Head Lettuce1
Authors: Stewart Joseph K. , Uota M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) held in an atmosphere of 3% O2 plus 1.5% CO for 7 days at 3.3°C had a better appearance before and after the wrapper leaves were removed, than lettuce held in atmospheres with various other combinations of CO, CO2 and O2. Butt discoloration and pink rib also were inhibited by this atmosphere. These effects were no longer apparent after an additional 4-day holding period in air at 10°. Rusty brown discoloration was not affected by any of the atmospheres tested during the initial 7 days, but after 4 additional days in air, the incidence of objectionable rusty brown discoloration was higher in lettuce previously held in atmospheres with CO2 than in those without CO2.
Association between Elemental Content of Dormant Peach Trees and Susceptibility to Short Life1
Authors: Weaver D. J. , Dowler W. M. , Nesmith W. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During winter months, concentrations of K, Ca, Al, Sr, B and Zn were significantly greater in twigs of apparently healthy, dormant peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees grown on old peach orchard sites than in twigs of apparently healthy trees on adjacent new sites in Georgia. Later in the spring, tree mortality and injury from cold and bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall were also much greater on the old sites than the new sites. Differences in elemental concentrations in roots and 2-year-old shoots were not significant when trees on old and new orchard sites were compared. In a short life site in South Carolina, pruning trees in November greatly increased tree mortality compared to fumigated or nonfumigated trees pruned in February. Concentrations of K, Mg, Fe, and Al were also significantly greater in the November-pruned trees than in the February-pruned trees. Accumulation during dormancy of certain elements in peach twigs may be an indicator that the trees have been predisposed to short life.
Inheritance of Time to Flowering and its Relationship to Crop Maturity in Cucumber1
Authors: Miller J. C. , Quisenberry J. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Early and late flowering cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and their progenies were used to determine the inheritance of the time required to reach anthesis and its importance as a component of earliness. Genetic variance was primarily additive; however, partial dominance for early flowering and low nodal position of the first flower was noted. Days to first flower appeared to be controlled by relatively few genes, and heritability estimates for this trait were moderately high (0.46 to 0.62). Number of days to flowering was found to be more important in early crop maturity than was rate of seedling emergence. Lower temperatures delayed flowering, and thus maturity, by slowing plant growth and raising the node number at which the first flower appeared. A significant correlation coefficient of 0.82 was obtained between flowering time and mean maturity date.
Cranberry Growth and Production in Relation to Water Table Depth1
Authors: Eck Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The response of ‘Early Black’ cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) to different water table depths maintained in new bogs on an Atsion sand in New Jersey was measured over a period of 5 years. A 30–38 cm water table resulted in significantly higher fruit yields in 4 out of 5 years when compared with plantings at a water table of 46–54 cm and in 3 out of 5 years when compared to plantings maintained with a water table at 38–46 cm. Average vine length was greatest in plantings at the 46–54 cm water table depth, and the number of fruiting uprights was greatest in plantings maintained at the 30–38 cm water table depth. Differences in water table depth did not influence fruit rot in plantings that received fungicide treatments, nor was color of fruit influenced by water table.
Gibberellin-like Substances in the Endosperm-nucellus Tissues of the Developing Almond, Prunus amygdalus Batsch cv. Jordanolo1
Authors: Ryugo Kay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The endosperm-nucellus of the almond increased in percentage dry weight as the volume decreased; the increase was accompanied by a textural change. Free GA increased from the time the embryo was microscopic in late April to a maximum when the embryo was partially developed, a period of approximately 3 weeks. GA decreased slightly from mid-May to early June when only the remnants of the nutritive tissues remained. GA-glucosides decreased while embryo development was occurring. Injection of 2-14C-mevalonic acid into the endosperm-nucellus resulted in rapid incorporation of label into presumptive GA precursors, suggesting that some gibberellins are synthesized in situ.
Enhancement of Ethephon-induced Fruit Maturity with Chlorothalonil1
Authors: Holm R. E. , Edgerton L. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit maturity induced by (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) and sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) was enhanced by tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil). Chlorothalonil alone had no effect on any of the fruit maturity parameters measured, but in combination with ethephon, enhanced ripening in apple (color development, soluble solids, softening, and loosening) and loosening of sour cherries. Apple fruit ethylene production was advanced by this combination. The addition of chlorothalonil to ethephon sprays to loosen sour cherries permitted the use of lower ethephon concentration and eliminated gummosis in branches caused by standard rates of ethephon.
The Effect of GA3 Application on Flowering and Seed Production in Onion1
Authors: Naamni Fakhri , Rabinowitch H. D. , Kedar N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mother bulbs of onion (Allium cepa cv. Grano) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 50, 150 and 450 ppm upon emergence of first flower stems. A single application at 50 ppm shortened by one-half the time required for emergence of 80% of floral stems and increased the uniformity in height of the flower stalks. GA3-treated plants produced larger and more productive umbels, resulting in an increase in seed yield by about 30%. There was no difference in seed viability between treatments.
Influence of Nut Removal on Growth and Ripening of the Cashew-apple1
Authors: Pratt Harlan K. , Mendoza D. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The cashew-apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) grows very slowly until the nut (true fruit) matures. It then grows very rapidly and ripens. Removal of the nut from the receptacle initiates rapid growth of the “apple” and earlier ripening. The pattern of ethylene production confirms that the cashew-apple is nonclimacteric.
Response of Turfgrass Cultivars to Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, or their Mixture1
Authors: Elkiey T. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eighteen cultivars representing 6 species (Poa pratensis L., Agrostis alba L., Agrostis palustris Huds., Agrostis tenuis Sibth., Festuca rubra Gaud., and Lolium perenne L.) of cool season turfgrass were exposed to 15 pphm ozone for 6 hours daily, 15 pphm sulfur dioxide continuously, 15 pphm nitrogen dioxide continuously, or a mixture of all three at these concentrations for 10 days. The most common symptoms of injury on sensitive cultivars in response to these gases were bleaching and necrosis of leaves with some cultivars exhibiting dark brown necrosis and stippling in response to O3 alone. Cultivars varied in sensitivity to O3 or SO2 from very sensitive to insensitive while few cultivars were sensitive to NO2 alone at the concentration used. Exposure of some cultivars resulted in less leaf area production but no visible injury symptoms, while other cultivars had leaf injury without reduction of area of uninjured leaves. The combined exposure caused more leaf injury and greater reduction in the leaf area production by most cultivars compared with plants exposed to single gases. Exposure to single pollutants could provide inaccurate estimates of turfgrass cultivar sensitivity outdoors where several pollutants may occur simultaneously.
Metabolism and Distribution of 14C-Maleic Hydrazide and 14C-Daminozide Injected into Red Oak1
Authors: Domir Subhash C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Analysis with liquid scintillation spectrometry of extracts from red oak (Quercus rubra L.) injected with 14C-l,2-dihydro-3, 6-pyridazinedione (Maleic hydrazide or MH) or 14C-butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide) indicated that both growth inhibitors were distributed acropetally as well as basipetally over a 22 day period. Acropetal movement however, was slower with 14C-MH than with 14C-daminozide. Between 3 and 22 days after injection, about 20% of the 14C was lost from plants treated with 14C-daminozide. Ionexchange and thin-layer chromatographic techniques showed that daminozide did not form any detectable metabolites, while MH formed a conjugate with glucose. With both chemicals 12 to 15% of the radioactivity was present in the bound form after 22 days and exudation of 14C from the roots was not detected.
Sex Modification in Asparagus officinalis L.1
Authors: Lazarte Jaime E. , Garrison Stephen A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Treatment of spears of pistillate asparagus (XX) with 5000 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3) plus 1000 mg/liter 6-benzyl-amino-9-(tetrahydro-2-pyryl)-purine (PBA) or 2000 and 5000 mg/liter GA3 alone induced development of stamens with sterile anthers. Spears of XY staminate genotype treated with 10 mg/liter PBA or PBA plus 50 g/liter glucose had more hermaphroditic flowers with ovules than untreated flowers; seedless fruits developed after pollination. YY staminate genotype developed pistils with styles following treatment of spears with 100 mg/liter PBA or PBA plus 50 g/liter glucose. Some ovules had well developed integuments and chalaza but no embryo sacs. PBA reduced stamen length and increased anther sterility.
The Correlation of Weather Parameters with Russet of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples under Orchard Conditions1
Authors: Creasy L. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The severity of russet on ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown at Ithaca, New York was well correlated with weather parameters. The best correlations were found with humidity parameters although net precipitation was also well correlated. The fruits were especially sensitive to weather conditions during a short (5 day) interval which occurred between 16 and 20 days after full bloom.
Physiological Responses of Tomato Cultivars to Flooding1
Authors: Kuo C. G. , Chen B. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One-month-old seedlings of 20 entries of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were subjected to flooding for 3 days, or drenched with ethanol or (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) solution. Flooding reduced stem growth and leaf chlorophyll content of thelower leaves and promoted epinastic curvature of leaf petiole and adventitious roots. Application of ethephon elicited a response similar to that of flooding. No prominent morphological and physiological changes were observed from ethanol application. Flooded plants show increases in their endogenous free proline pool, which can be reduced by the withdrawal of flooding. Flooded L-123 plants, the most tolerant entry, accumulated the least free proline among three entries tested. Proline level appeared to indicate the intensity of oxygen deficiency during soil flooding by reflecting oxygen supply, and could serve as in indicator in relating plant injury to flooded conditions. The tolerance of L-123 to soil flooding, at least in part, depends on its ability to transport oxygen from the aerial part to the root.
Effects of Calcium-free Nutrient Solution and Demineralized Water on the Movement of Previously Deposited Calcium in the Roots of Apple Seedlings1
Authors: Soderlund R. O. , Hanger B. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Intact 3-month-old seedlings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were grown for up to 32 days in either a complete nutrient solution, a Ca-free nutrient solution or demineralized water. Over this period, both of the Ca-free solutions removed Ca previously deposited in the root. The presence of cations in the external media caused much of the root Ca to be leached into the surrounding media, whereas in the absence of these cations most of the root Ca moved into the shoot.
Effect of Daminozide and Chlormequat on Bolting Suppression in Carrots1
Authors: Jacobsohn R. , Sachs M. , Kelman Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ten compounds applied as foliar spray were screened for reducing and delaying bolting in fall-planted carrots (Daucus carota L.). Only butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide) was effective; seedstalk height was reduced and root size was unaffected. Daminozide effectiveness was greatest in weak-bolting cultivars. Two sprays of 5000 ppm, 2 weeks apart at about 4 and 2 weeks prior to natural bolting were most effective, suggesting that daminozide does not interfere in the cold temperature induction process, but rather has a delaying and inhibitory effect on the initial seedstalk elongation. Two sprays of 500 liters/ha of daminozide solution of 5000 ppm gave promising results. Root quality was improved without influencing carrot yield or dry matter content. Although (2-chloroethyl)trimethymammonium chloride (chlormequat) suppressed bolting in some experiments, it was less effective than daminozide at comparable rates and higher rates decreased yield.
Inheritance of Fruit Detachment Force in Pepper1
Authors: Werner Dennis J. , Honma S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit detachment force (FDF) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was measured using mature fruit for the parental, F1, and F2 populations from the cross MSU 160 × MSU 249. Fruit detachment force was controlled by a low number of effective factors (k = 1-2) behaving mainly in an additive manner. Correlation coefficients between fruit detachment force and fruit length, width, and weight calculated from F2 data were positive and significant at the 1% level.
The Use of a Wind-controlled Overhead Irrigation System to Prevent Damage by Wind-borne Salts1
Authors: Ben-Jaacov J. , Natanson G. , Hagiladi A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ocean spray carried by wind was determined from soil and leaf analysis, determination of salt content in the atmosphere, and meteorological data to be the main cause for the destruction of vegetation along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. An overhead sprinkling system, which was activated when the wind speed reached a critical level, prevented plant damage.
Effects of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine on Internal Ethylene Concentrations and Storage of Apples1
Authors: Bramlage W. J. , Greene D. W. , Autio W. R. , McLaughlin J. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Preharvest sprays of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) drastically suppressed internal ethylene concentrations, and delayed or prevented ripening of ‘McIntosh’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Spencer’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) at room temperature (ca. 25°C) after harvest, the magnitude of delay varying with cultivar and with AVG concentration. However, after treated fruit had been stored with untreated fruit at 0°C, little or no difference in ripeness was discernible between treated and untreated samples. Internal ethylene concentrations in treated fruit after storage were much less than in controls but generally exceeded 1 ppm. Infiltration of ripe fruit with AVG severely suppressed ethylene production, but 2 minute dips in AVG solutions had no effect until after prolonged time in storage.