bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bullies, victims, and meanies: the role of child and classmate social and emotional competencies
Authors: D’Urso Giulio , Symonds Jennifer , Sloan Seaneen , Devine Dympna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study used a personal oriented approach to identify distinct combinations of children’s experiences of bullying and victimisation in the Irish primary school context. The study investigated the social and emotional characteristics that predicted those profiles at individual and classroom levels. The sample of 2,062 participants was drawn from the Irish national cohort study Children’s School Lives. We analysed teacher reports of individual children’s strengths and difficulties and neglect, and child reports of experiences of bullying, victimisation, and care from classmates. Latent profile analysis revealed five main profiles of bullying and victimisation in Irish primary schools. Approximately 40% of the children were distributed in the atypical profiles (i.e., bullies, meanies, victims, and bully-victims) with the other 60% of children reporting very low levels of bullying and victimisation. Multilevel modelling predicted the profile membership from a set of social and emotional predictors from individual and classroom levels. At the individual level, being a bully was predicted by higher child neglect, hyperactivity, conduct problems, and peer problems; being a meanie was predicted by hyperactivity, peer problems, and less caring classmates; being a victim was predicted by child neglect, conduct problems, and less caring classmates; and being a bully-victim was predicted by conduct problems and less caring classmates. At the classroom level, being a victim was predicted by being in a classroom comprised of younger children, and in classrooms where children were less caring on average. Theoretical and psycho-educational implications are discussed.
Structure Estimation of 2D Listric Faults Using Quadratic Bezier Curve for Depth Varying Density Distributions
Authors: Roy Arka , Kumar Thatikonda Suresh , Sharma Rajat Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA contemporary and decisive optimization algorithm is developed for inverting gravity anomalies due to listric faults. The cross‐section of listric faults are generally concave up, and the dip of the fault plane gradually decreases with depth. Quadratic Bezier curves are utilized to represent the curvature of the fault plane. The densities of sediment deposition are assumed to be known and can take any linear or non‐linear functional form of depth. By constraining the density, a global optimization algorithm is adopted to estimate the fault structure by inverting control point parameters of Bezier curves. The presented algorithm is implemented in two different synthetic models having fixed and depth varying density contrasts. The robustness of the algorithm is authenticated by incorporating white Gaussian noise into synthetic gravity anomalies. A detailed uncertainty appraisal is also performed to justify the reliability of the algorithm. Finally, a real structure is reconstructed using observed gravity anomalies, and the estimated structure is verified with the structure obtained in previously published literature. Furthermore, a Matlab based GUI is developed such that any user can estimate real listric fault structure without any computational difficulties.
E2F and STAT3 provide transcriptional synergy for histone variant H2AZ activation to sustain glioblastoma chromatin accessibility and tumorigenicity
Authors: Yoon Jeehyun , Grinchuk Oleg V. , Tirado-Magallanes Roberto , Ngian Zhen Kai , Tay Emmy Xue Yun , Chuah You Heng , Lee Bernice Woon Li , Feng Jia , Crasta Karen Carmelina , Ong Chin Tong , Benoukraf Touati , Ong Derrick Sek Tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe histone variant H2AZ is overexpressed in diverse cancer types where it facilitates the accessibility of transcriptional regulators to the promoters of cell cycle genes. However, the molecular basis for its dysregulation in cancer remains unknown. Here, we report that glioblastomas (GBM) and glioma stem cells (GSCs) preferentially overexpress H2AZ for their proliferation, stemness and tumorigenicity. Chromatin accessibility analysis of H2AZ2 depleted GSC revealed that E2F1 occupies the enhancer region within H2AZ2 gene promoter, thereby activating H2AZ2 transcription. Exploration of other H2AZ2 transcriptional activators using a customized “anti-H2AZ2” query signature for connectivity map analysis identified STAT3. Co-targeting E2F and STAT3 synergistically reduced the levels of H2AZ, histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and cell cycle gene transcription, indicating that E2F1 and STAT3 synergize to activate H2AZ gene transcription in GSCs. Remarkably, an E2F/STAT3 inhibitor combination durably suppresses GSC tumorigenicity in an orthotopic GBM xenograft model. In glioma patients, high STAT3 signaling is associated with high E2F1 and H2AZ2 expression. Thus, GBM has uniquely opted the use of E2F1- and STAT3-containing “enhanceosomes” that integrate multiple signaling pathways to achieve H2AZ gene activation, supporting a translational path for the E2F/STAT3 inhibitor combination to be applied in GBM treatment.
Probing altered enzyme activity in the biochemical characterization of cancer
Authors: Adam Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed , Sohl Christal D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnzymes have evolved to catalyze their precise reactions at the necessary rates, locations, and time to facilitate our development, to respond to a variety of insults and challenges, and to maintain a healthy, balanced state. Enzymes achieve this extraordinary feat through their unique kinetic parameters, myriad regulatory strategies, and their sensitivity to their surroundings, including substrate concentration and pH. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) highlights the extraordinary number of ways in which the finely tuned activities of enzymes can be disrupted, contributing to cancer development and progression often due to somatic and/or inherited genetic alterations. Rather than being limited to the domain of enzymologists, kinetic constants such as kcat, Km, and kcat/Km are highly informative parameters that can impact a cancer patient in tangible ways—these parameters can be used to sort tumor driver mutations from passenger mutations, to establish the pathways that cancer cells rely on to drive patients’ tumors, to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of anti-cancer drugs, to identify mechanisms of resistance to treatment, and more. In this review, we will discuss how changes in enzyme activity, primarily through somatic mutation, can lead to altered kinetic parameters, new activities, or changes in conformation and oligomerization. We will also address how changes in the tumor microenvironment can affect enzymatic activity, and briefly describe how enzymology, when combined with additional powerful tools, and can provide us with tremendous insight into the chemical and molecular mechanisms of cancer.
Resources for Ethical Decision-Making
Authors: Gleason A. Tucker 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
This article is written from the perspective of a former American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Board of Ethics (BOE) member and focuses on Step 3 of the ethical decision-making process: consulting resources. The ASHA Code of Ethics, the Assistants Code of Conduct, and general procedures of the BOE are summarized. Given that many of the complaints reviewed and settled by the ASHA BOE arise from disciplinary actions imposed by state licensing boards and state or federal courts, the “intersection” of the ASHA BOE and other regulatory agencies is considered. Several ethics resources available on the ASHA website are highlighted. Common themes of ethics complaints are presented, and suggestions to avoid being the subject of an ethics complaint are offered.

Conclusion:
Familiarity with available ethics resources can serve as an important buffer for ethical dilemmas that may occur in everyday professional practice.
Analyzing the Factors Affecting Neonatal Mortality Control in Iran by Providing a Model
Authors: Madadzadeh Negin , Hessam Somayeh , Hajinabi Kamran , Komeili Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction Despite Iran’s success in reducing neonatal mortality rate, it is still far behind some developing countries and some Asian countries. The aim of this study was to summarize the measures taken and proposed solutions to design a model to control neonatal mortality.Methods This applied cross-sectional analytical study was performed using a factor analysis method derived from 4 models of neonatal mortality reduction. After reviewing different texts and patterns, the common and non-common dimensions of these patterns were set in a comparative table. The results of the comparative studies were designed in the form of a questionnaire and sent to 30 experts for reliability and validity. CVI and CVR validity and Cronbach’s α reliability were confirmed and in order to validate the model, the final questionnaire was completed and summarized by interviewing 311 people from 7 provinces in a multi-stage interview method using multi-stage random sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS25 and AMOS-18 software.Results 6 factors were found to be effective in controlling neonatal mortality, including access to health care, health policy, health services, health information systems, family involvement, and evaluation. Access to health care services had the most significant effect with 23.19% of explained variance, and participation and evaluation with 1.19% of explained variance had the least effect.Conclusion The proposed model has the greatest impact on the access to health care services and the least impact on the evaluation component.
Efficient Synthesis of N-Carbamoylpropargylamines from α-Amido Sulfones Using Dimethylalkynylaluminum Reagents
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyeup , Lee Ji-Hoon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDimethylalkynylaluminum reagents derived from terminal alkynes and trimethylaluminum underwent addition to various N-activated α-amido sulfones to produce the corresponding alkynylamines in moderate to excellent yields. The optimized protocol avoids the preparation and isolation of relatively unstable N-activated imines that are generated in situ from their corresponding, stable, N-activated α-amido sulfones. This methodology provides access to a wide range of alkynylamines containing N-carbamoyl, -acyl, and -sulfonyl moieties.
Dismantling Inequities in Adolescent and Young Adult Health through a Sexual and Reproductive Health Justice Approach
Authors: Barral Romina , Kelley Michele A. , Harrison Megan E. , Svetaz Maria Veronica , Efevbera Yvette , Bhave Swati , Kanbur Nuray 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the social determinants of adolescents and young adults' (AYAs') sexual and reproductive health (SRH), from a global health perspective. The status of AYAs' SRH constitutes leading health indicators across nations and globally, and reveals the well-being of this population. Throughout the article, AYAs' SRH is approached from a health equity perspective, which includes SRH health rights and reproductive justice. Using this health equity lens, salient topics are presented: sexual abuse/assault among AYAs; immigrant and refugee populations; child, early, and forced marriage; human trafficking; and female genital mutilation. The article also discusses access to SRH services and comprehensive education. Practical implications and resources are offered for healthcare providers for their daily encounters with AYAs, as well as for community, institutional level, and advocacy action. Healthcare providers are well positioned to advance AYAs SRH through mitigating inequities and in so doing, they are assuring the health of the population and future generations.
Recurrent mutations in topoisomerase IIα cause a previously undescribed mutator phenotype in human cancers
Authors: Boot Arnoud , Liu Mo , Stantial Nicole , Shah Viraj , Yu Willie , Nitiss Karin C. , Nitiss John L. , Jinks-Robertson Sue , Rozen Steven G. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Topoisomerases are crucial for genome maintenance and are targets for several chemotherapeutic agents. While anticancer drugs targeting topoisomerases can lead to secondary malignancies, there have been no descriptions of genetic defects in topoisomerases having roles in cancer development. Here we show that a somatic topoisomerase IIα mutation found in human tumors results in a mutator phenotype. We show that this mutation and the concomitant mutational signature, which we call ID_TOP2α, are associated with genomic rearrangements and with potentially oncogenic indel mutations in known driver genes. Our results shed new light on topoisomerase IIα function, on repair of trapped cleavage complexes, and on a likely oncogenic role for topoisomerases.
Polarization-dependent multidirectional coupler based on Y-branch silicon waveguide integrated with single optimized catenary antenna
Authors: Chen Cong , Chen Panpan , Mi Jiajia , Chen Xiaohu , Shi Jianping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The amount of data that needs to be processed is increasing rapidly with the development and innovation of information technology. Nevertheless, the traditional unidirectional transmission device, which is only suitable for serial operation, is slow in processing data and is severely restricted in the field of information processing. In this study, a multidirectional coupler is designed and simulated through the finite-difference time-domain method to improve data computing speed. The coupler consists of a Y-branch silicon waveguide integrated with a single metallic catenary antenna placed on a silicon dioxide substrate. The light flow of the coupler can be coupled to multiple directions by controlling the polarization of the illuminated light. Then, the optical performance of the multidirectional coupler is enhanced via adopting the optimization algorithm to optimize the widths of the catenary. Furthermore, the polarization state of the incident light can be identified by detecting the power output from the ports of the coupler. Therefore, the multidirectional coupler might show enormous application prospects in photonic chips, quantum communication, on-chip information transmission, and processing.
Flexible thermoelectric films based on interconnected magnetic nanowire networks
Authors: da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes Tristan , Marchal Nicolas , Araujo Flavio Abreu , Piraux Luc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the fabrication of flexible thermoelectric devices capable of cooling or recovering waste heat from hot surfaces with complex geometries. This paper reviews recent developments on three-dimensional networks of interconnected ferromagnetic nanowires, which offer new perspectives for the fabrication of flexible thermoelectric modules. The nanowire arrays are fabricated by direct electrodeposition into the crossed nanopores of polymeric templates. This low-cost, easy and reliable method allows control over the geometry, composition and morphology of the nanowire array. Here we report measured thermoelectric characteristics as a function of temperature and magnetic field of nanowire networks formed from pure metals (Co, Fe, Ni), alloys (NiCo, NiFe and NiCr) and FM/Cu multilayers (with FM = Co, Co50Ni50 and Ni80Fe20). Homogeneous nanowire arrays have high thermoelectric power factors, almost as high as their bulk constituents, and allow for positive and negative Seebeck coefficient values. These high thermoelectric power factors are essentially maintained in multilayer nanowires which also exhibit high magnetic modulability of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient. This has been exploited in newly designed flexible thermoelectric switches that allow switching from an ‘off’ state with zero thermoelectric output voltage to an ‘on’ state that can be easily measured by applying or removing a magnetic field. Overall, these results are a first step towards the development of flexible thermoelectric modules that use waste heat to power thermally activated sensors and logic devices.
Template-based electrodeposited nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire arrays as building blocks of future nanoscale applications
Authors: Kashi M Almasi , Montazer A H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Realizing promising materials for use in next-generation devices at the nanoscale is of enormous importance from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire (NW) arrays fabricated by template-based electrodeposition techniques have long been considered as good candidates for this purpose. In this review, we focus on the fabrication techniques and characterizations of electrochemically deposited NWs with single, binary, ternary and multilayered component structures mostly carried out in our group. Particular attention is paid to the crystalline and magnetic characteristics (coercivity, squareness, magnetic phase, interactions and magnetization reversal modes) of NW arrays embedded in mild and hard anodized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with different pore diameters. The pulsed alternating current electrodeposition technique is proposed as a versatile approach in high-efficiency filling of the AAO templates, while also allowing for tuning magnetic properties of the resultant NWs. The first-order reversal curve analysis is also highlighted as an advanced characterization tool for nanomagnet arrays. Finally, potential cutting-edge nanoscale applications (magnetic information storage, energy storage and conversion, electronics, biosensing, microwave absorption and giant magnetoresistance) of magnetic NWs are presented.
COVID-19 and welfare state support: the case of universal basic income
Authors: Weisstanner David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revived discussions about universal basic income (UBI) as a potential crisis response. Yet despite favorable circumstances, little actual policy change in this area was observed. This article seeks to explain this absence of policy change and to reflect on the prospects for introducing UBI schemes after the pandemic in European democracies. I argue that public opinion on UBI provides few electoral incentives to push for social policy change. Using prepandemic data from 21 European democracies and pandemic data from the UK, I show that political support for UBI has been divided between different groups who advocate conflicting policy goals and who hold divergent views about existing welfare state arrangements. While support for UBI might have increased during the pandemic, the underlying political dividing lines are likely to have remained intact. Due to these enduring divisions and the stable support for existing social policy arrangements over an untested policy, the prospects for introducing UBI schemes in the post-pandemic world remain uncertain.
Risk Factors for Rebound After Correction of Genu Valgum in Skeletal Dysplasia Patients Treated by Tension Band Plates
Authors: Ulusaloglu Armagan C. , Asma Ali , Rogers Kenneth J. , Thacker Mihir M. , Mackenzie William G.S. , Mackenzie William G. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Growth modulation using tension band plates (TBPs) is increasingly important for lower limb deformity correction in patients with skeletal dysplasia (SKD). Development of rebound deformity is a concern after TBP removal. Data regarding this complication are rare; therefore, we evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for rebound deformity in children with SKD undergoing correction of genu valgum using TBP.

Methods:
All patients with SKD with genu valgum treated by TBP at the distal femur or/and proximal tibia at a single center were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: (1) minimum 2-year follow-up after TBP removal or having revision surgery for rebound deformity and (2) implant removal age for girls 14 years and below and boys 16 years and below. Exclusion criteria were any femoral/tibial osteotomies during TBP treatment or follow-up. A change of ≥3 degrees of mechanical lateral distal femoral and/or medial proximal tibial angle was accepted as rebound deformity and analyzed statistically.

Results:
Thirty-three patients (59 limbs; 52 femur and 29 tibia physes) met our criteria. Mean follow-up after implant removal was 43.7 months. Rebound deformities were seen in 43 limbs (39 femurs and 13 tibias). Boys had more rebound than girls; however, this was not influenced by body mass index. Femurs had more rebound than tibias. Patients in the rebound group were younger than the nonrebound group. Time from application to removal of TBP was shorter in the rebound versus nonrebound group. Overcorrected limbs had more rebound deformity than not overcorrected. The difference in growth velocity of lower limbs in the rebound versus nonrebound group was statistically significant. Patients with epiphyseal dysplasia had more rebound than metaphyseal dysplasia, but this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Risk factors for developing a rebound deformity after correction of genu valgum using TBP in SKD included male sex, TBP surgery at a young age, short duration of TBP implantation, overcorrected extremity (mechanical axis deviation ≤1), and high percent growth velocity after TBP removal.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective study.
How strong principals succeed: improving student achievement in high-poverty urban schools
Authors: Gordon Molly F. , Hart Holly 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide concrete examples of what leadership behaviors and strategies look like in high-poverty urban schools in Chicago that are successful at improving student outcomes. The authors compared the strategies used by principals who were rated by their teachers on annual surveys as being strong instructional leaders but had varying success in improving student outcomes for comparison.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is part of a larger mixed-methods study exploring the link between leadership and student learning. For the qualitative portion of the study, the authors utilized a contrasting case study design (Merriam, 1998) to distinguish leadership practices in schools with improvements in student achievement from practices in schools with stagnating or declining student achievement. The authors conducted case studies in a total of 12 schools–6 schools with improving student achievement and 6 schools with stagnating or declining student achievement. For brevity, the authors chose 4 schools to highlight in this manuscript that best illustrate the findings found across the full sample of 12 schools. The authors coded each interview using both inductive and deductive coding techniques.FindingsThe study findings indicate that there are subtle but important differences between the strategies principals in improving and contrast schools use to lead school improvement efforts. Principals in improving schools were able to create learning environments where staff were open to new ideas and work together towards goals. Principals in improving schools were also more likely to create structures that facilitated organizational learning than principals in contrast schools.Originality/valueThis study is unique because the authors provide concrete examples of what principals do in their schools to help create strong learning climates that foster organizational learning and improvement. The authors also identify differences in leader practices and structures in schools that are having a harder time making improvements for comparison. The study findings can be used by principals and other educators to better understand which of their various efforts may result in stronger school cultures conducive to organizational learning as outlined in Louis' and colleagues' work.