bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-519a/522-5p from pancreatic cancer-secreted exosomes promotes tumor invasion by enhancing Warburg effect
Authors: Ling Qi , Feng Shi , Chen Ruihan , Huang Haitao , Lin Yimou , Jiang Jingyu , Cui Jinlong , Liang Tingbo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Exploring novel serum biomarkers and the underlying mechanism is crucial for the early diagnosis and precise therapy of PDAC.Methods: Exosomes were isolated from serum samples of 92 PDAC patients and 44 healthy subjects. Serum exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) were detected by small RNA sequencing, verified by qRT-PCR, and their diagnostic performance and prognostic value were evaluated. In vitro experiments and orthotopic tumor mouse models were conducted to investigate the effect of miR-519a/522-5p on PDAC. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to explore the underlying mechanism of miR-519a/522-5p.Results: Compared to the healthy control, all three PDAC subgroups (stage I-III) displayed a specific deregulated serum exo-miRNA profile. A panel of 3 serum exo-miRNAs (let-7g-3p, miR-490-5p, and miR-519a/522-5p) was established as novel diagnostic biomarkers for PDAC, which exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in clinical cohort. Among the three exo-miRNAs, miR-519a/522-5p was found to be an independent prognostic factor for PDAC and associated with tumor features particularly invasion/metastasis. In vitro and in vivo experiment confirmed that miR-519a/522-5p promoted invasiveness/metastasis of PDAC cells. Moreover, miR-519a/522-5p could be effectively delivered via exosomes and increased the invasiveness of recipient PDAC cells. Multi-omics analysis showed a comprehensive miR-519a/522-5p-regulated molecular network, in which glycolysis played a central role. We further validated that miR-519a/522-5p enhanced glycolysis by targeting sestrin2.Conclusion: Serum exo-miRNAs could be novel and promising candidates for precise diagnosis and treatment of PDAC. Tumor-derived exo-miR-519a/522-5p promotes PDAC cellular invasiveness by enhancing Warburg effect.
Knowing the intention behind limb movements of a partner increases embodiment towards the limb of joint avatar
Authors: Hapuarachchi Harin , Kitazaki Michiteru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigated whether sharing a common goal with a partner and knowing the partner’s intention behind arm movements affect the senses of agency and ownership towards an arm fully controlled by the partner. Participant dyads controlled different limbs (left and right arms) of the same virtual avatar immersed in a virtual environment in first person perspective to collaboratively perform a reaching task that involved joint action as well as separate reaching tasks with the partner’s target visible or invisible to each other. The results showed that the senses of agency and ownership towards the arm controlled by the partner were significantly higher when the participant dyads shared a common intention or when they were allowed to see their partner’s target, compared to when the partner’s target was invisible. The skin conductance was significantly lower towards the arm controlled by the partner compared to the arm fully controlled by the participants in all goal conditions. These results provide insights regarding how sensory information necessary for predicting the partner’s intentions relate to embodiment of the partner’s limbs during virtual co-embodiment.
Effects of systolic and diastolic blood pressure rhythm on coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Qian-Li , Li Dan , Xu Xiao-Yang , Wei Xiao-Yuan , Yu Jiang-Chuan , Su Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies put it there was an interaction between diabetes and abnormal blood pressure rhythm, and they both increased the morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed at analyzing the effects of abnormal rhythm (AR) of blood pressure (BP) and each kind of systolic or diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) pattern on CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes in Southwest China.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involved 853 type 2 diabetic patients with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring divided into CAD and non-CAD groups through imaging examination of the coronary artery. SBP and DBP were divided into dipper (D), non-dipper (ND), reverse dipper (RD), and extreme dipper (ED) by nocturnal BP decline rate, respectively. The difference in mean 24-hour, daytime, bedtime SBP and DBP, and BP rhythm between groups was compared by variance analysis. The association between different BP rhythms and CAD was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression when adjust for clinical, laboratory, and BP parameters.Results: Most diabetic patients had non-dipper BP patterns in both CAD and non-CAD groups, while the CAD group had a higher percentage of RD in both SBP and DBP than non-CAD. More CAD occurred in RD-SBP than D-SBP (P<0.001), RD-SBP than ND-SBP (P<0.001), RD-DBP than D-DBP (P<0.001), and ND-DBP than D-DBP (p=0.006). AR-SBP (OR=1.622, P=0.015), AR-DBP (OR=1.774, P=0.001), RD-SBP (OR=2.320, P<0.001), RD-DBP (OR=2.140, P<0.001), ND-DBP (OR=1.648, P=0.006) were risk factors for CAD and those relationships were still significant after adjust for different parameters.Conclusion: Abnormal BP rhythm, especially reverse dipper pattern was a risk factor for CAD regardless of SBP or DBP in diabetic patients. While for non-dipper, only the non-dipper DBP pattern had a risky influence.
Plastome sequencing of South American Podocarpus species reveals low rearrangement rates despite ancient Gondwanan disjunctions
Authors: Quiroga María Paula , Zattara E. , Souza Gustavo , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea , Premoli Andrea C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
I. Background: Historical reconstructions within Podocarpaceae have provided valuable information to disentangle biogeographic scenarios that begun 65 Mya. However, early molecular phylogenies of Podocarpaceae failed to agree on the intergeneric relationships within the family. The aims of this study were to test whether plastome organization is stable within the genus Podocarpus, to estimate the selective regimes affecting plastome protein-coding genes, and to strengthen our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history.II. Methods and Results: We sequenced the plastomes of four South American species from Patagonia, southern Yungas, and Brazilian subtropical Amazon. We compared their plastomes to those published from Brazil, Africa, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia, along with representatives from other genera within Podocarpaceae as outgroups. The four newly sequenced plastomes ranged in size between 133,791 bp and 133,991 bp. Gene content and order among chloroplasts from South American, African and Asian Podocarpus were conserved and different from the plastome of P. totara, from New Zealand. Most genes showed substitution patterns consistent with a conservative selective regime. Phylogenies inferred from either complete sequences or protein coding regions were mostly congruent with previous studies, but showed earlier branching of P. salignus, P. totara and P. sellowii.III. Conclusions: Highly similar and conserved plastomes of African, South American and Asian species suggest that P. totara plastome should be revised and compared to other species from Oceanic distribution. Furthermore, given such structural conservation, we suggest plastome sequencing is not useful to test whether genomic order can be climatically or geologically structured.
Market Survey of Disposable E-Cigarette Nicotine Content and E-liquid Volume
Authors: Appleton Scott , Cyrus-Miller Helen , Seltzer Ryan , Gilligan Karin , McKinney Willie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inaccurate labels on some e-cigarette products have prompted calls for routine testing to monitor product label integrity. The objective of this study was to compare label statements of commercial disposable/non-chargeable e-cigarette products for nicotine concentration and e-liquid volume with analytically verified levels. Commercial e-cigarette samples were analyzed for nicotine concentration (N=51), e-liquid volume and total nicotine content (N=39). Twenty-three of the 51 samples analyzed for nicotine deviated from their label statements by more than ±10%. Deviations ranged from -50.1% to +13.9%. Thirty of the 39 samples analyzed for e-liquid volume deviated from their label statements by more than ±10%. Deviations ranged from -62.1% to +13.3%. Only one brand listed total nicotine on the label. In thirty-one of the 39 samples, calculated total nicotine amount in e-liquid deviated from the amounts calculated from the label metrics by more than ±10%. Deviations ranged from -66.8% to -1.43%. These findings underscore the need for regulatory enforcement of manufacturing quality control and product labeling practices to optimize the harm reduction potential and consumer experience associated with the use of e-cigarette products.
Effects of glycosylation on the accumulation and transport of fipronil in earthworm (Eisenia feotida)
Authors: Lin Sukun , Zhang Li , Zhang Peiwen , Huang Rilin , Khan Muhammad Musa , Fahad Shah , Cheng Dongmei , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, the differences in the accumulation of fipronil (F) and the glycosylated product glucose-fipronil (GTF) in earthworm within 48 hours were investigated, and the reason for these differences was explored. The accumulation concentrations of F and GTF for 48 hours in earthworm were determined and studied by HPLC after simple, rapid pretreatment; the mean recoveries were 84.79~95.83%, and the relative standard deviations were 3.39~9.21%, indicating that the method could accurately detect the accumulation concentrations of F and GTF in earthworm. Results showed that the accumulation of F and GTF in earthworm increased with the treatment time, the accumulation concentrations of F in earthworm were significantly higher than those of GTF, and the accumulation concentrations of F were 3.1~6.2 times those of GTF. In addition, the half-lives of GTF in soil (16.90~18.24 days) were significantly lower than those of F (24.75~26.65 days). After adding a hexose transport inhibitor phlorizin, the accumulation change of F in earthworm were not significant, but the accumulation of GTF in earthworm were significantly inhibited, and the accumulation concentrations of GTF in earthworm after adding phlorizin were 32.71~59.07% of those without phlorizin. Overall, our results indicated that the uptake and transport of F and GTF in earthworm were significantly different, the uptake and transport of GTF was relate to monosaccharide transporters, and glycosylation could reduce the toxicity of fipronil to earthworm and the environment, providing an important reference for the application of glucose-fipronil.
PACS-2 deficiency in tubular cells aggravates lipid-related kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhao Chanyue , Li Li , Li Chenrui , Tang Chengyuan , Cai Juan , Liu Yu , Yang Jinfei , Xi Yiyun , Yang Ming , Jiang Na , Han Yachun , Liu Yan , Luo Shilu , Xiao Li , Sun Lin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Lipid accumulation in tubular cells plays a key role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Targeting lipid metabolism disorders has clinical value in delaying the progression of DKD, but the precise mechanism by which molecules mediate lipid-related kidney injury remains unclear. Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2) is a multifunctional sorting protein that plays a role in lipid metabolism. This study determined the role of PACS-2 in lipid-related kidney injury in DKD.Methods: Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) in proximal tubule-specific knockout of Pacs-2 mice (PT-Pacs-2-/- mice) and the control mice (Pacs-2fl/fl mice). Transcriptomic analysis was performed between Pacs-2fl/fl mice and PT-Pacs-2-/- mice.Results: Diabetic PT-Pacs-2-/- mice developed more severe tubule injury and proteinuria compared to diabetic Pacs-2fl/fl mice, which accompanied with increasing lipid synthesis, uptake and decreasing cholesterol efflux as well as lipid accumulation in tubules of the kidney. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that the mRNA level of sterol O-acyltransferase 1(Soat1) was up-regulated in the kidney of control PT-Pacs-2-/- mice. Transfection of HK2 cells with PACS-2 siRNA under high glucose plus palmitic acid (HGPA) condition aggravated lipid deposition and increased the expression of SOAT1 and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), while the effect was blocked partially in that of co-transfection of SOAT1 siRNA. Conclusion: PACS-2 has a protective role against lipid-related kidney injury in DKD through SOAT1/SREBPs signaling.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of active compounds from Beta vulgaris using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Dias Amanda C. S. , Demuner Antonio J. , Blank Daiane E. , Reis Cesar , Santos Marcelo H. , Stringheta Paulo C. , Sousa Rita C. S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging as green and sustainable solvents for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds and with that have increasingly attracted attention as environmentally friendly alternatives of traditional organic solvents. In this study, aimed to investigate the application of ultrasound in the extraction of betanin from beets (Beta vulgaris) with DES. The optimization of extraction was performed using the response surface methodology. The time variable was relevant in the performance of the extractions. In this work, three DES Choline chloride: urea (CC:U), Choline chloride: glycerol (CC:G) and Choline chloride: Citric acid (CC: Ac) and were studied. The results demonstrated that DES were excellent solvents for extraction of betanin with superior efficiency to conventional extraction solvents. The concentration of betanin varied from 41.27 to 67.51 mg/100 g with CC-U 82.46 to 104.45 mg/100 g with CC-G and 50.06 to 111.93 mg/100 g with CC-Ac. The optimum point in the extraction of betanin using Choline chloride:Citric acid (CC:Ac) was 111.193 mg/100 g in 38 min and 44% DES in water in ultrasonic bath with temperature of 35 ºC, frequency of 37 kHz and amplitude of 100%W. The use of ultrasound is found to have significant improvement in the extraction efficiency of betanins obtained from beets. However, the higher content of betanins in the extracts did not translate into a greater active antioxidant capacity, as it may be related to the synergism of other compounds present in the beet extracts. This study is the first attempt to optimize the ultrasound parameters to extract Beta vulgaris betanin with eutectic solvents.
Provision of Injectable Contraceptives by Community Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of Safety, Acceptability and Effectiveness
Authors: Eric Besong Ayuk , Brenda Yankam Mbouamba , Saah Farrukh Ishaque , Bain Luchuo Engelbert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Injectable contraceptives are the most popular method of contraception in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but their availability in clinical settings has been severely limited, despite scarcity of health care providers and limited access to health facilities. WHO and USAID has endorsed community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives as a promising option for improving access to family planning services and expanding the method mix for women who want to limit the number of births. Studies have shown that community health workers (CHWs) can provide women with injectable contraceptives that meet acceptable quality standards. The goal of this study is to identify, evaluate and synthesize evidence supporting the use of community-based administration of injectable contraceptives in SSA. Methods: This review's guidance was based on a previously developed protocol. Nine international electronic databases and the websites of organizations known to support community-based reproductive health initiatives in SSA were searched systemically. Experts in this area were also contacted for the identification of unpublished literature and ongoing studies. The reference lists of eligible studies were reviewed. The Effective Public Practice Project tool was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of eligible studies. Data was extracted and analyzed using a custom data extraction form and a narrative synthesis.Results: The search strategy identified a total of 1358 studies with 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. 1 unpublished study was provided by an expert making a total of 13 studies. The results showed that irrespective of the study designs, well trained CHWs can competently administer injectable contraceptives safely and community-based delivery of injectable contraceptives is acceptable in SSA. Also, the use of community health workers in the provision of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate expanded access to inhabitants of hard-to-reach areas and led to an overall uptake of injectable contraceptives as well as family planning. Studies that compared CHWs to clinic-based providers revealed equivalent or higher levels of performance in favour of CHWs. Conclusions: The CHWs can competently provide injectable contraceptives within SSA communities if appropriately trained and supervised. Hence, SSA policy makers should give this initiative due consideration as a way of improving access to family planning services.
Construction of dynamical S-boxes based on piecewise map: Image encryption approach
Authors: Hoseini Reza , Behnia Sohrab , Sarmady Siamak , Fathizadeh Samira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many cryptographic schemes have been implemented, using the connection between chaos and cryptography. Substitution box (S-box) is one of the most successful examples of these strategies. However, most S-box design schemes contain a fixed point, which may cause a security issue for cryptographic primitives. In this paper, to achieve a low automatic correlation, a dynamic S-box is constructed based on a piecewise map. Lyapunov exponent has been calculated analytically by using the obtained invariant measure. Then, an image encryption algorithm based on a designated S-box and a trigonometric chaotic map is proposed. Theoretical and experimental results have indicated that the proposed algorithm is included large keyspace, high sensitivity to key, and robust to attacks.
Perspectives, Attitudes, and Willingness to Participate Toward Biobank Research of the Public in the Arab Region
Authors: Ahram Mamoun , Abdelgawad Fatma , ElHafeez Samar Abd , Abdelhafiz Ahmed , Ibrahim Maha , Mostafa Nada , Elgamri Alya , Mohammed Zeinab , Elsebaie Eman , Gamel Ehsan , Shahouri Manal , El-Rhazi Karima , Adarmouch Latifa , Silverman Henry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Population-based genomics studies have proven successful in identifying genetic variants associated with diseases. High-quality biospecimens linked with informative health data have made such studies possible. However, the success of biobanks depends on the willingness of the public to participate in biobank research. We aimed to explore the views of the Arabic public regarding their willingness to participate in biobank research. We used a validated questionnaire to assess the public's perceptions, attitudes, and willingness to participate in biobank research in four Arab low-middle income countries: Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Sudan. We recruited 967 participants in this survey. More than half of the respondents did not have prior awareness of biobanks. Although most aspects associated with biobanks had little influence on respondents’ decision to participate in biobank research, two appeared to be pivotal. These included the prospects of sharing biospecimens and medical information with international researchers and the possibility that biobanking research would improve the personal health of donors. Participants expressed concerns regarding the privacy of medical information when shared with physicians and researchers and many did not trust individuals in charge of biobanks. Their willingness to donate biospecimens and medical information was less than 10%. Predictors of willingness to participate in biobank research included previous involvement in research and positive attitudes toward biobanks, Perceptions of biobanks had a negative influence on willingness to participate in biobank research. We conclude there should be additional efforts to raise public awareness, enhance perceptions, and engage the public in all aspects of biobanking research.
Comparison of Clinico-pathologic features and outcomes of ANCA negative and ANCA positive pauci immune crescentic glomerulonephritis: A single centre study
Authors: Gupta Pallav , Bhargava Vinant , Malik Manish , Gupta Anurag , Bhalla AK , Gupta Ashwini , Tiwari Vaibhav , Rana D S , Sapra R L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PICN) is an important cause of rapidly progressive renal failure. 10-40% of PICN cases have ANCA negative serology. Present study compared clinico-pathologic features, Brix’s renal risk score, Berden’s histopathological classes and differences in outcome between ANCA-ve vs ANCA+ve PICN. Methods: 61 patients of biopsy proven PICN were studied. Biochemical finding and ANCA serology were recorded. Renal biopsies slides were reviewed along with direct Immunofluorescence. Clinical and histological features were compared between ANCA negative and positive PICN using Man Whitney U test and chi square test. Patients were compared for distribution in Berden’s histological classes and Brix’s renal risk categories. Patient and renal survival were compared using Kaplan Meier survival analysis.Results: ANCA negative PICN patients were younger (44.9±16.5year vs 53.6±15.1 year,p=0.049). Nasal(0 vs 18%,p=0.035) and pulmonary involvement(9% vs 38%,p=0.014) were lower in ANCA negative group. Both ANCA groups had similar renal biochemical profile, percentage normal glomeruli, 16.27±18.25vs21.69±20.42 and percentage glomeruli with crescents, 64.45±28.12vs64.25±27.11. 27% ANCA negative cases fell in the sclerotic class in Berden’s classification vs just 2.5% in ANCA positive group(p=0.037) without significant difference in Brix’s renal risk categories(p=0.329).13% of ANCA –ve patients achieved complete remission on treatment compared to 33% in ANCA +ve patients. Patient survival and overall probability of progressing to ESRD were similar in the two groups.Conclusion: ANCA negative PICN cases present at younger age. Nasal and pulmonary involvement is uncommon with fewer cases achieving remission on treatment. Patient survival and progression to ESRD is similar in both ANCA groups.