bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating ART Adherence Support Technologies in the Care of Pregnant and Postpartum Women With HIV: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rendell Sara , Schmidt Harald , Neergaard Rebecca , Nkwihoreze Hervette , Barbati Zoe , Short William R. , Rana Aadia I. , Sheth Anandi N. , Scott Rachel K. , Sethi Sonia , Momplaisir Florence M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: We have a limited understanding on how to best integrate technologies to support antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in routine HIV care. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with multidisciplinary providers caring for pregnant and postpartum women with HIV and asked providers about their perspectives on utilising adherence support technologies such as text messages, video check-ins with providers or automated with facial recognition for directly-observed-therapy, signaling pill bottle, and signaling pill to support ART adherence. Each approach generated an adherence report. The interview instrument was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and included questions on the implementation climate, barriers and facilitators to the clinical integration of the adherence approach and strategies that could be used to maximize this integration. The order of adherence support technologies was randomized to minimize bias. We used a modified grounded theory to develop the coding structure and two coders applied the codebook to the transcripts after establishing strong inter-rater reliability with 20% of interviews (kappa = 0.82).Results: Between March and December 2020, we conducted 26 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with providers who weighed several factors when considering each approach, including the approach’s effect on patient-provider interaction in and outside of the clinic visit, timing for and duration of the approach’s utility, threat of disclosing status, and added burden to providers (e.g., needing to act on generated information) or to patients (e.g., needing to hide the signaling pills, responding to text messages). Providers’ most preferred approach was text-messages, and the least preferred was the signaling pill. Barriers to acceptability varied by approach and included perceived surveillance, violation of privacy, added time demand for providers, potential inaccuracy of the adherence data generated, and negative impact on the patient-provider relationship, particularly if the approach was perceived as coercive. Payers anticipated regulatory hurdles with unfamiliar approaches, particularly the signaling pill and signaling pill bottle. Facilitators included strengthened therapeutic alliance, predictable reminder mechanisms, and options for customization according to patient preference.Conclusions: Our study elucidates barriers and facilitators to integrating technology-based adherence support approaches in clinical care to support adherence of pregnant and postpartum women with HIV.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Differentially Expressed miRNAs and Their Related Genes From Plasma-Derived Exosomes in TCA
Authors: Wu Zhihao , Guo Lizhen , Zhang Jiajie , Wang Peng , Ping Zepeng , Wang Jianfeng , Liu Jun , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR), a congenital disorder characterized by spasticity and narrowing of the distal colon, as well as abnormalities in peristalsis and defecation, is caused by a deficit of the enteric nervous system of the distal gut. Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is a rare type of HSCR. This study aimed to find key microRNAs (miRNAs) and their associated genes from plasma-derived exosomes, as potential biomarkers to study TCA pathogenesis.Results: Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA sequencing of samples from 9 children with HSCR and 10 matched children without HSCR revealed that 62 miRNAs were differentially expressed in plasma-derived exosomes, of which 31 were up-regulated and 31 were down-regulated. The target genes of DEM are predicted from three common databases.There were 652 DEM target gene pairs for the 31 DEMs that were up-regulated and 234 pairs for the 31 DEMs that were down-regulated. Furthermore, 4 DEMs: miR-106b-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-375-3p and miR-34a-5p were differentially expressed between other HSCR types and TCA.Conclusions: Four key miRNAs (miR-106b-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-375-3p, and miR-34a-5p) and their interacting four key genes AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4), myotubularin-related protein 9 gene (MTMR9), POU domain class 2 transcription factor 1 (POU2F1), and WW-and-C2-domain-containing(WWC2) may be involved in the pathogenesis of TCA.
Targeted shortwave diathermy with perceptual training for severe traumatic optic neuropathy patients
Authors: Tang Qingping , Zhang Hua , Zhou Quan , Zhang Wei , Tian Mingqin , Huang Zilong , Jiang Weihong , Xie Zhihai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose Patients with severe traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) have limited improvement in visual function despite therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether targeted shortwave diathermy combined with perceptual training may enhance visual function in patients with severe TON after endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) surgery.Methods Eighteen severe TON patients after EOND surgery were included and received targeted shortwave diathermy (SWD) therapy and perceptual training. Visual function, visual evoked potential (VEP), and diffusion tensor imaging were evaluated.Results Patients with severe TON obtained significant improvements in best-corrected visual acuity and color vision scores at 10 and 16 weeks after rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation showed that the age of the subject was positively associated with the visual functions. And the visual acuities of two children were completely lost before and after surgery and visual acuity was regained at the light perception level approximately 2 months after rehabilitation. Additionally, the mean P100 amplitude and diffusion tensor imaging values of affected nerves were changed after 10 weeks of rehabilitation. Pearson correlation showed that the VEP and diffusion tensor imaging parameters were significantly correlated with the visual functions after rehabilitation.Conclusions Targeted SWD combined with perceptual training exhibited beneficial effects on severe TON patients after EOND surgery. Additionally, the current study reported the first evidence of visual function recovery 74 days after complete visual loss in child with TON when combined rehabilitation was performed.The trial registry name: Targeted shortwave diathermy with perceptual training for severe traumatic optic neuropathy patients. URL: ClinicalTrials.gov PRS: Record Summary NCT05140486.Contact ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05140486.
Model parameter identification method of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on improved Harris-hawks and particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Li Yi , Zhou Xiao , Qian Ledan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low identification accuracy and long identification time in the traditional proton exchange membrane fuel cell model parameter identification method, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell model parameter identification method based on improved Harris hawks and particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The main technical parameters of proton exchange membrane fuel cell are determined through the capacity, internal resistance, discharge depth and discharge power of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the simulation model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell is established under Matlab / Simulink, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced to improve the Harris hawks algorithm, The improved Harris hawks algorithm is used to identify the model parameters of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The simulation results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and short identification time.
Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Following the Injection of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) In Mature Male Westar Rats: Histochemical and Caspase 3 Immunohistochemical Reactivities
Authors: ghonimi wael , Alferah Mosaid , Dahran Naief , El-Shetry Eman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The spatial resolution of micro-Raman spectroscopy for particulate LiFePO4
Authors: Ryabin Alexander A. , Pelegov Dmitry V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The fast-growing lithium battery industry needs quality control tools. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a popular technique for structural characterization and impurity probing. The problem is that the method resolution can be appropriately quantified for a sample with planar geometry, like a single crystal, but not for a powder consisting of microparticles with irregular shape and surface. In this work, we have examined a series of single LiFePO4 particles on a Raman-active Si substrate. This model experiment let us conclude that vertical resolution for particulate systems with inhomogeneity of shape and structure should be achieved be described not quantitative but qualitative. The observed variation of local probing depths is explained by spatial inhomogeneity of defects/impurities concentration, Mie scattering, blocking properties of pores, and surface plasmon resonance. In conclusion, we provide our recommendations for local and integral measurements using confocal Raman microscopy.
Tumor-specific inhibition with magnetic field
Authors: guanghua yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Low frequency magnetic field exerted a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth and has been developed as a therapeutic modality. Our study demonstrated that it increased intracellular calcium ions leading to membrane depolarization that interrupted intercellular signaling. Inhibition was observed in exposed tumor adherent cells, agglomerates, but not in freely tumor suspended cells and is therefore more pronounced on solid tumors. Our study provides evidence that exposure to magnetic field is broadly applicable to treating a variety of solid tumors.
Observer based versus Non-Observer based Adaptive Control of Electrically Driven Cooperative Manipulators using q-analogue of Bernstein-Schurer-Stancu operator as Uncertainty approximator
Authors: Izadbakhsh Alireza , Deylami Ali , khorashadizadeh Saeed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, q-analogue of Bernstein-Schurer-Stancu operator is proposed for uncertainty estimation in adaptive control of cooperative electrically driven manipulators. The contribution of this paper is reducing the number of signals needed in construction of the regressor vector for uncertainty estimation due to the simplicity of q-analogue of Bernstein-Schurer-Stancu operator in comparison with other alternatives. It is verified that uniformly ultimately bounded stability of the tracking/approximation errors can be assured if the q-analogue of Bernstein-Schurer-Stancu operator is utilized as regressors. Moreover, it has been assumed that velocity signals are not available and an observer is needed to estimate these signals. Different trajectories including simple and complicated paths have been tested in simulation results. The results are also compared with the case in which velocity signals are in hand to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed observer-controller structure
Does a Body Mass Reduction Improve Functional Stability in Young Obese Women?
Authors: Cieślińska-Świder Joanna Magdalena , Błaszczyk Janusz Wiesław , Opala-Berdzik Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Functional stability is necessary for everyday activities. The studies have indicated the deterioration of functional stability during standing in the obese adults. This study aimed to determine whether the three-month weight-loss program that resulted in body mass reduction equal to or greater than 5% of the initial body mass would improve functional stability in young obese women. For the purpose of this study, the data of 30 females were included. Their mean age was 35.8±9.2. The women performed the anterior limit of stability test on the force platform twice: before and after weight-loss program. Their BMI at two sessions was 36.1±5.1 and 32.3±5, respectively. After the weight loss program, the COP velocities were increased in both phases of the anterior limit of stability test: the dynamic transition from standing to maximal forward-leaning and the maintenance of maximal forward-leaning position (p<0.05). No significant changes in the values of the COP parameters were found in the eyes-closed trial (p>0.05). The results suggest that body mass reduction in young obese women led to improved mobility and postural control when visual cuing was available. The longer-lasting weight-loss program might be necessary to observe this effect under visual deprivation conditions. Body mass should be reduced in obese patients to improve their mobility and functional stability; it may prevent unexpected falls.
Fuzzy identification of bioactive components for different efficacies of a medicinal herb by BP neural network association analysis of UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE and integrated effects
Authors: Chen Jia-Qian , Chen Yan-Yan , Du Xia , Tao Hui-Juan , Pu Zong-Jin , Shi Xu-Qin , Yue Shi-Jun , Zhou Gui-Sheng , Shang Er-Xin , Tang Yu-Ping , Duan Jin-Ao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The multicomponent nature of a medicinal herb leads to multiple efficacies via numerous metabolic byproducts, potential molecular interactions and targets, which makes a network-oriented approach preferable in the preliminary stage of herbal medicine research. In this study, we aim to develop a generally applicable strategy to fuzzily identify bioactive components for different efficacies by back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) association analysis of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for every data (UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE) and integrated effects.Methods: Through applying fuzzy chemical identification, most components in an herb can be classified into different chemical groups. Meanwhile the integration effect values of herbal different efficacies may be obtained by animal experiment evaluation and multi-attribute comprehensive indexes. Then BP-ANN is used for association analysis of herbal components and different efficacies by correlating the component contents determined from UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE profiling and the integration effect values. So, the effect contribution of one type of components might be totaled to demonstrate herbal universality and individuality characters for different efficacies.Results: In the case of rhubarb, it suggested that combined anthraquinones, flavanol and its polymers might be the universality character to the multi-functional properties while stilbene glycosides, anthranone and its dimers, free anthraquinones, chromones, gallic acid and gallotannins, butyrylbenzene and its glycosides contributed to the individuality characteristics.Conclusion: This novel methodology was successfully applied to investigate and differentiate the bioactive components of rhubarb. These efforts will promote our recognition and understanding of the bioactive components in rhubarb and provide scientific evidence to support the expansion of its use in clinical applications and the further development of some products based on this medicinal herb. And this approach should also be useful for investigating the bioactive constituents of other medicinal herbs or natural functional products.
Phenotypic and genotypic correlation of antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis: lessons learnt
Authors: Jha Lisha , Ragupathi Naveen Kumar Devanga , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Prakash John Antony Jude , Y Binesh Lal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBacteroides fragilis are opportunistic pathogens causing severe infections with increasing antimicrobial resistance. Since, phenotypic susceptibility testing is time-consuming and uneconomical, this necessitates a need for genotypic screening for deciding empirical therapy for B. fragilis.MethodsB. fragilis was isolated from clinical samples, exudates, tissue and body fluids collected between November 2018 and January 2020 in a tertiary care hospital. Samples were cultured in anaerobic blood agar and neomycin blood agar using the Anoxomat Mark system and species identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Brucella agar supplemented with hemin, Vit K1 and 5% v/v laked sheep blood was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration by agar dilution. Genomic DNA was extracted and nim, ermF and cfiA genes were amplified, and visualized in a 2% agarose gel.ResultsOut of 51 non-duplicate B. fragilis, majority (74.5%) were recovered from exudates followed by body fluids. Isolates (n=51) expressed 45%, 41%, 16% resistance for clindamycin, metronidazole, and meropenem, respectively with least resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam (6%). Among metronidazole resistant isolates, 52% harboured nim genes in addition to 76% (23/30) of susceptible isolates. Similarly, cfiA was present in all eight meropenem resistant isolates in addition to 22% (9/41) susceptible ones. ConclusionsAll cfiA negative were phenotypically susceptible that can be employed to rule out meropenem resistance. Detecting limited genes for B. fragilis does not always correlate with phenotypic resistance, due to IS elements, efflux and other genetic determinants. Redundant use of meropenem with metronidazole should be avoided, as recommendation of metronidazole requires prior phenotypic testing due to the reported 41% resistance.
Residential Proximity to Croplands at Birth and Childhood Leukaemia
Authors: Bamouni Sophie , Hémon Denis , Faure Laure , Clavel Jacqueline , Goujon Stéphanie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Domestic and parental occupational pesticide exposures are suspected of involvement in the occurrence of childhood acute leukaemia (AL), but the role of exposure to agricultural activities is little known. In a previous ecological study conducted in France, we observed an increase in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) incidence rate with increasing viticulture density in the municipalities of residence at diagnosis.
Objectives
this study aimed to test the hypothesis that residential proximity to croplands at birth increases the risk of childhood AL, with a particular focus on vineyards.
Methods
We identified all the primary AL cases diagnosed before the age of 15 years in the cohorts of children born in the French municipalities between 1990 and 2015. We estimated crop densities in each municipality of residence at birth using agricultural census data, for ten crop types. Variations in standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were evaluated with Poisson regression models, for all AL, ALL and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), separately.
Results
Among the 19,809,700 children born and residing in mainland France at birth in 1990-2015, 8,747 AL cases (7,236 ALL and 1,335 AML) were diagnosed over the period. We did not evidence any statistically significant positive association between total crop density or any specific crop density in the municipality of residence at birth and all AL, ALL or AML. Interestingly, we observed a higher ALL incidence rate in the municipalities with the highest viticulture densities (SIR=1.25 95%CI [1.01-1.54]). Adjusting for the main potential confounders did not change the results.
Conclusion
Our study does not support the hypothesis that residential proximity to croplands, particularly vineyards, around birth plays a role in childhood leukaemia. The slightly higher ALL incidence rate in children born in the municipalities with the highest viticulture densities may reflect the previously-observed association at diagnosis.
From Anti-vax Intentions to Vaccination: Evidence from Nine Countries
Authors: Galasso Vincenzo , Pons Vincent , Profeta Paola , Becher Michael , Brouard Sylvain , Foucault Martial 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Despite large take-up rates in most OECD countries, millions of people still refuse COVID-19 vaccination. The large number of unvaccinated individuals raises major concerns about the diffusion of the virus. Anti-vax individuals are often very vocal about their choice and use social media to convince undecided individuals not to get vaccinated. Using original data from two surveys in nine OECD countries, we show that half of the individuals, who expressed anti-vax intentions in December 2020, were vaccinated by summer 2021. We find that information plays a key role. Vaccinations were more likely among individuals aged 50+, more informed on traditional media, trusting scientists, exposed to COVID-19, compliant with public restrictions, and less concerned about vaccines’ side effects. We also run a survey experiment with informational messages in the first wave. A striking result is that these informational treatments affected not only immediate vaccination intentions, but also actual vaccination rates recorded six months later – even among individuals, who had initially expressed anti-vax intentions. Altruistic messages, about protecting health or the economy, had the largest effect. Important differences in the relative impact of our different treatments across countries indicate that successful information campaigns should be tailored to the context.
Relational aspects of building capacity in economic evaluation in an Australian Primary Health Network using an embedded researcher approach
Authors: Piper Donella , Iedema Rick , Goodwin Nicholas , Jorm Christine , Searles Andrew , McFayden Lisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Health organisations are increasingly implementing ‘embedded researcher’ models to translate research into practice. Against specified aims, this paper examines the impact of an embedded researcher model known as the embedded Economist (eE) Program that was implemented in an Australian Primary Health Network (PHN) located in regional New South Wales, Australia. The site, participants, program aims and design are described. Insights into the relational facilitators, challenges and barriers to the integration of economic evaluation perspectives into the work of the PHN are provided. Methods: The eE Program consisted of embedding a lead health economist on site, supported by off-site economists, part-time, for three- and three-quarter months to collaborate with PHN staff. Evaluation of the eE at the PHN included qualitative data collection via semi-structured interviews (N= 34), observations (N=8) and a field diary kept by the embedded economists. A thematic analysis was undertaken through the triangulations. Results: The eE Program successfully met its aims of increasing PHN staff awareness of the value of economic evaluation principles in decision making and their capacity to access and apply these principles. There was also evidence that the program resulted in PHN staff applying economic evaluations when commissioning service providers. Evaluation of the eE identified two key facilitators for achieving these results. First, a highly receptive organisational context characterised by a work ethic, and site processes and procedures that were dedicated to improvement. Second was the development of trusted relationships between the embedded economist and PHN staff that was enabled though: the commitment of the economist to bi-directional learning; facilitating access to economic tools and techniques; personality traits (likeable and enthusiastic); and because the eE provided post-embedding support for PHN projects. Conclusions: This study provides the first detailed case description of an embedded health economics program. The results demonstrate how the process, context and relational factors of engaging and embedding the support of a health economist works and why. The findings reinforce international evidence in this area and are of practical utility to the future deployment of such programs. Trial registration: N.A.