bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on microsomal and mitochondrial membrane fatty acid profiles in cultured rat astroglia
Authors: HOLOWNIA A. , MESKAR A. , MENEZ J. F. , LEDIG M. , BRASZKO J. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt has been shown that free radical damage may be involved in ethanol‐induced cytotoxicity in cultured neural cells. Since changes in oxidative metabolism and the resulting lipid peroxidation readily modify biological membranes and alter cell functions we studied the effect of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on rat astroglial fatty acids profiles in the most common lipid classes of mitochondrial and microsomal membranes, i.e. phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Rat astroglial cells were grown for 1 week in the presence of 50 m M or 100 m M ethanol. To examine acetaldehyde effects we used a 4‐day co‐culture model consisting of astroglial cells and alcohol dehydrogenase‐transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Acetaldehyde produced by these cells reached 172 mu M and 265 mu M, respectively, for ethanol concentrations of 10 and 20 m M. Mitochondrial and microsomal membranes were prepared by differential centrifugation, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were separated using thin layer chromatography and fatty acid quantitation was performed by GLC. Neither ethanol nor acetaldehyde changed the mitochondrial phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine profiles of total saturated, mono‐unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, some significant alterations in particular fatty acids appeared especially after acetaldehyde but also after the highest ethanol dose. In microsomal phosphatidylcholine monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased after both, ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid was found to be especially affected by both ethanol and acetaldehyde. Similar decreases were observed in adrenic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the groups treated with ethanol. In microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine, ethanol and acetaldehyde decreased monounsaturated and some polyunsaturated fatty acids. These data support the role of peroxidative processes in cultured rat astroglia exposed to ethanol and point to the role of acetaldehyde in this mechanism.
The prevalence of alcohol misuse in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: DAVIS A. R. , WILKINS M. , DEW T. , SHERWOOD R. , COAKES R. , PETERS T. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIf a factor could be identified which delayed the onset of cataract by 10 years, the number of annual cataract operations worldwide has been estimated to decrease by 45%. A case‐control study compared alcohol consumption in 78 patients attending for routine cataract surgery in South East London with data from a large population‐based survey. Male cataract patients had a significantly greater risk of being harmful drinkers (odds ratio = 8, p = 0.007) than the controls. The harmful male drinkers were significantly younger than the non‐drinkers with cataract (mean difference 15 years, p < 0.007). Female cataract patients were not more likely to be excessive drinkers than controls. The female drinkers with cataract were of a similar age to the non‐drinking female patients with cataract. Haematological and biochemical indices of alcohol toxicity indicated five patients who were likely to be harmful drinkers, but who had denied this on direct questioning. Seven (26%) of the male patients had a low serum 25 hydroxycholecalciferol although the levels were normal in the female patients. These results support the view that excess alcohol consumption is related to cataract formation and suggest that alcohol causes premature cataract formation in male, but not female patients. Alcohol consumption is amenable to intervention and suggests that such intervention could have a significant impact on the need for cataract surgery.
Tryptophan pyrrolase gene expression in an alcohol preferring and non‐preferring mouse strain
Authors: ORETTI R. G. , O'DONOVAN M. C. , McGUFFIN P. , BUCKLAND P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that the level of cerebral serotonin plays a key role in the volitional consumption of ethanol in both man and animals. Naive alcohol‐preferring C57BL/6J mice have been shown to have a lower cerebral serotonin content compared to the non‐preferring CBA/Ca mouse strain. This has been attributed to the enhancement of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase activity in C57 mice. Activity and/or expression of tryptophan pyrrolase may be an important biological determinant of alcohol preference. We have investigated the possible mechanism/s underlying this strain difference in tryptophan pyrrolase activity by assaying both mRNA levels encoding for the tryptophan pyrrolase gene and by mutational analysis of tryptophan pyrrolase cDNA. We were unable to demonstrate any difference in tryptophan pyrrolase mRNA levels between naive C57 and CBA mice. Tryptophan pyrrolase mRNA levels were increased following starvation in C57 mice and following glucocorticoid administration in both C57 and CBA mice. Heteroduplex mutational analysis failed to detect any tryptophan pyrrolase cDNA sequence heterogeneity between these mice strains.
Biological markers as indicators for relapse in alcohol‐dependent patients
Authors: MUNDLE GÖTZ , ACKERMANN KLAUS , MANN KARL 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAlthough biological markers such as carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT), γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) have been used as indicators for heavy alcohol consumption and alcoholism little information is available on the utitlity of these markers in detecting relapses. In this study the value of the biological markers CDT, GGT and MCV was examined in monitoring an outpatient treatment programme for alcohol‐dependent patients. In 163 male alcoholic patients CDT, GGT and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were assayed at the beginning and after 6 months during the outpatient programme. All markers distingushed between relapsers and abstainers (p<0.01). The sensitivity for relapses was 55% for CDT, 50% for GGT and 20% for MCV. Combining all markers the sensitivity could be enhanced to 85%, with only a little loss of specificity (85%). The highest positive predictive value was 73% for CDT used as a single marker. The negative predictive value (CDT 93%, GGT 92%, MCV 88%) and the diagnostic efficiency (CDT 91%, GGT 87%, MCV 85%) of all markers were very high. These results indicate that CDT is the most efficient marker for alcohol relapses, followed by GGT. MCV seems to be a marker of second choice.
Oxidation of acetaldehyde by isolated aortic rings of UChA and UChB rats
Authors: QUINTANILLA MARÍA ELENA , TAMPIER LUTSKE 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe rate of acetaldehyde metabolism was measured in aortic rings from rat strains genetically bred for high (UChB) and low (UChA) voluntary ethanol consumption. The results show that in aortic rings from naive UChB rats, acetaldehyde oxidation rates were significantly greater than the rates observed in aortic rings from naive UChA rats. These strain differences are explained by different activity of vascular low‐Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Chronic feeding of ethanol to UChA rats did not alter their aortic ALDH activity. The results of the present study provides additional evidence that the activity variation for the low‐Km ALDH between both rat strains exists in various organs and tissues.
Development of Interstitial Lung Disease Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Oral Anticoagulants in Taiwan
Authors: Chan Yi-Hsin , Chao Tze-Fan , Chen Shao-Wei , Lee Hsin-Fu , Chen Wei-Min , Li Pei-Ru , Yeh Yung-Hsin , Kuo Chi-Tai , See Lai-Chu , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThere are emerging concerns from case reports and pharmacovigilance analyses of a possible risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with the use of factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of incident ILD associated with the use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide retrospective cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with NVAF without preexisting lung disease who received OACs from June 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017, were included. Propensity score stabilized weighting (PSSW) was used to balance covariates across the medication groups (FXa inhibitors, dabigatran, and warfarin, with warfarin as the reference). Patients were followed up from the drug index date until the onset of ILD, death, or end of the study (December 31, 2019), whichever occurred first. Data were analyzed from September 11, 2021, to August 3, 2022.ExposuresPatients with NVAF were treated with FXa inhibitors, dabigatran, or warfarin.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNew-onset idiopathic ILD.ResultsAmong the 106 044 patients (mean [SD] age, 73.4 [11.9] years; 59 995 men [56.6%]) included in the study, 64 555 (60.9%) received FXa inhibitors (apixban [n = 15 386], edoxaban [n = 12 413], and rivaroxaban [n = 36 756]), 22 501 (21.2%) received dabigatran, and 18 988 (17.9%) received warfarin at baseline. The FXa inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of incident ILD (0.29 vs 0.17 per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.22-1.94]; P &amp;lt; .001), whereas dabigatran was associated with a nonsignificant difference in risk of incident ILD compared with warfarin (reference) after PSSW. The higher risk of incident ILD for FXa inhibitors vs warfarin was consistent with several high-risk subgroups.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study suggest that FXa inhibitors were associated with lung injury among patients with NVAF who were treated with OACs. Physicians should be vigilant in monitoring for any potential adverse lung outcomes associated with the use of these drugs.
Low-Value Prostate-Specific Antigen Test for Prostate Cancer Screening and Subsequent Health Care Utilization and Spending
Authors: Kim David D. , Daly Allan T. , Koethe Benjamin C. , Fendrick A. Mark , Ollendorf Daniel A. , Wong John B. , Neumann Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceDelivering low-value care can lead to unnecessary follow-up services and associated costs, and such care cascades have not been well examined in common clinical scenarios.ObjectiveTo evaluate the utilization and costs of care cascades of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests for prostate cancer screening, as the routine use of which among asymptomatic men aged 70 years and older is discouraged by multiple guidelines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included men aged 70 years and older without preexisting prostate conditions enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan during January 2016 to December 2018 with at least 1 outpatient visit. Medical billing claims data from the deidentified OptumLabs Data Warehouse were used. Data analysis was conducted from September 2020 to August 2021.ExposuresAt least 1 claim for low-value PSA tests for prostate cancer screening during the observation period.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUtilization of and spending on low-value PSA cancer screening and associated care cascades and the difference in overall health care utilization and spending among individuals receiving low-value PSA cancer screening vs those who did not, adjusting for observed characteristics using inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsOf 995 442 men (mean [SD] age, 78.0 [5.6] years) aged 70 years or older in a Medicare Advantage plan included in this study, 384 058 (38.6%) received a low-value PSA cancer screening. Utilization increased for each subsequent cohort from 2016 to 2018 (49 802 of 168 951 [29.4%] to 134 404 of 349 228 [38.5%] to 199 852 of 477 203 [41.9%]). Among those receiving initial low-value PSA cancer screening, 241 188 of 384 058 (62.8%) received at least 1 follow-up service. Repeated PSA testing was the most common, and 27 268 (7.1%) incurred high-cost follow-up services, such as imaging, radiation therapy, and prostatectomy. Utilization and spending associated with care cascades also increased from 2016 to 2018. For every $1 spent on a low-value PSA cancer screening, an additional $6 was spent on care cascades. Despite avoidable care cascades, individuals who received low-value PSA cancer screening were not associated with increased overall health care utilization and spending during the 1-year follow-up period compared with an unscreened population.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, low-value PSA tests for prostate cancer screening remained prevalent among Medicare Advantage plan enrollees and were associated with unnecessary expenditures due to avoidable care cascades. Innovative efforts from clinicians and policy makers, such as payment reforms, to reduce initial low-value care and avoidable care cascades are warranted to decrease harm, enhance equity, and improve health care efficiency.
Automated testing platform for radiotherapy treatment planning scripts
Authors: Lucido Joseph John , Shiraishi Satomi , Seetamsetty Srinivas , Ellerbusch David C. , Antolak John A. , Moseley Douglas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRealizing the potential of user‐developed automation software interacting with a treatment planning system (TPS) requires rigorous testing to ensure patient safety and data integrity. We developed an automated test platform to allow comparison of the treatment planning database before and after the execution of a write‐enabled script interacting with a commercial TPS (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) using the vendor‐provided Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface (ESAPI). The C#‐application known as Write‐Enable Script Testing Engine (WESTE) serializes the treatment planning objects (Patient, Structure Set, PlanSetup) accessible through ESAPI, and then compares the serialization acquired before and after the execution of the script being tested, documenting identified differences to highlight the changes made to the treatment planning data. The first two uses of WESTE demonstrated that the testing platform could acquire and analyze the data quickly (<4 s per test case) and facilitate the clinical implementation of write‐enabled scripts.
Multiple sclerosis clinical decision support system based on projection to reference datasets
Authors: Ed‐driouch Chadia , Chéneau Florent , Simon Françoise , Pasquier Guillaume , Combès Benoit , Kerbrat Anne , Le Page Emmanuelle , Limou Sophie , Vince Nicolas , Laplaud David‐Axel , Mars Franck , Dumas Cédric , Edan Gilles , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease with increasingly complicated management. Our objective is to use on‐demand computational power to address the challenges of dynamically managing MS.MethodsA phase 3 clinical trial data (NCT00906399) were used to contextualize the medication efficacy of peg‐interferon beta‐1a vs placebo on patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Using a set of reference patients (PORs), selected based on adequate features similar to those of an individual patient, we visualize disease activity by measuring the percentage of relapses, accumulation of new T2 lesions on MRI, and worsening EDSS during the clinical trial.ResultsWe developed MS Vista, a functional prototype of clinical decision support system (CDSS), with a user‐centered design and distributed infrastructure. MS Vista shows the medication efficacy of peginterferon beta‐1a versus placebo for each individual patient with RRMS. In addition, MS Vista initiated the integration of a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) viewer and interactive dual physician‐patient data display to facilitate communication.InterpretationThe pioneer use of PORs for each individual patient enables personalized analytics sustaining the dialog between neurologists, patients and caregivers with quantified evidence.
Bio‐inspired Copper Kirigami Motifs Leading to a 2D–3D Switchable Structure for Programmable Fog Harvesting and Water Retention
Authors: Yu Zhihua , Zhang Jichao , Li Shuhui , Zhou Zhijuan , Qin Ziqi , Liu Hui , Lai Yuekun , Fu Shaohai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBio‐inspired fog harvesting devices (FHDs) have been exploited to address water shortages. Despite the advances achieved, efficient and continuous fog harvesting is still hindered by some challenges: 1) a single mechanism appears to be insufficient to achieve optimal water collection efficiency; 2) the re‐evaporation of the harvested water results in decreased water collection. In this study, inspired by the unique feature of cacti, Nepenthes alata, lotus leaves, and pinecones, a 2D–3D switchable copper sheet (SLP‐SHL@SP‐Cu) is reported, which results in excellent fog capture and water transport rates. During the fog harvesting process, the captured droplets transport from the tip of the top surface to the bottom under the Laplace forces (cacti spine), capillary forces (lotus leaves), and low surface energy (Nepenthes alata). Notably, the novel FHD responds in a preprogrammed manner to changes in humidity and performs a dynamic transformation from a 2D planar structure to a 3D helical structure (and in reverse), enabling efficient fog harvesting (in the 3D geometry) and water storage (in its 2D form). Thus, this study opens a new avenue for the practical applications of highly effective FHDs with increased water retention abilities.
2D‐Layered Manganese Perovskite with High Mobility
Authors: Cai Yangyang , Yan Siyu , Du Xinran , Lin Tingting , Lin Yue‐jian , Qiu Longzhen , Wang Weizhi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract2D perovskite is an organic–inorganic hybrid material with good photoelectric properties, generally prepared by using organic groups as isolation molecules. In this study, using manganese chloride and potassium halide as raw materials, all‐inorganic 2D lead‐free perovskites are prepared by the Bridgeman melting and cooling method. Different from the 2D perovskites synthesized by organic spacer molecules, the prepared all‐inorganic 2D perovskites have smaller layer spacings and good crystallization performance due to the use of potassium halide as spacer molecules. They are direct bandgap semiconductors and their energy bandgaps are tuned by the different types of potassium halides. High degree orientation crystal thin films with (001) lattice plane parallel to silicon wafer substrate are prepared by double‐source evaporation. The physical morphology of the films is characterized by grazing angle X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. The field effect transistors prepared from these 2D films show excellent electronic characteristics. The mobility of the optimized device is ≈24 cm2 v−1 s−1 and the on/off ratio reaches 105. This study reveals the potential of lead‐free manganese 2D perovskite as a high‐performance perovskite field effect transistor.
Metal‐Perturbed Multiresonance TADF Emitter Enables High‐Efficiency and Ultralow Efficiency Roll‐Off Nonsensitized OLEDs with Pure Green Gamut
Authors: Wang Junjie , Li Nengquan , Zhong Cheng , Miao Jingsheng , Huang Zhongyan , Yu Mingxin , Hu Yu Xuan , Luo Sai , Zou Yang , Li Kai , Yang Chuluo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiresonance (MR)‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on B‐ and N‐embedded polycyclic aromatics are desirable for ultrahigh‐definition organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and narrow bandwidth. But the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates of MR‐TADF emitters are usually small, resulting in severe device efficiency roll‐off at high brightness. To solve this issue, a sensitizer for the MR‐TADF emitter has been required. Herein, a new MR‐TADF emitter is developed through coordination of Au with B/N‐embedded polycyclic ligand. Benefitting from the Au perturbation, the RISC rate is dramatically accelerated to 2.3 × 107 s−1, leading to delayed fluorescence lifetime as short as 4.3 µs. Meanwhile, the PLQY of 95% and full width at half maximum of 39 nm (0.18 eV) are essentially unchanged after metal coordination. Therefore, a high PLQY, short delayed fluorescence lifetime, and high color purity are concurrently realized in a single TADF emitter. Accordingly, vacuum‐deposited OLEDs exhibit high‐performance electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.8% without sensitization. The EQE is maintained as high as 32.3% at 10 000 cd m−2. Furthermore, solution‐processed OLED based on the emitter also achieves excellent performance with a maximum EQE of 25.7% and a small efficiency roll‐off.
Ultrasound‐Amplified Enzyodynamic Tumor Therapy by Perovskite Nanoenzyme‐Enabled Cell Pyroptosis and Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Chang Meiqi , Wang Zeyu , Dong Caihong , Zhou Ruirui , Chen Liang , Huang Hui , Feng Wei , Wang Ziliang , Wang Yin , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOvercoming apoptosis resistance to achieve efficient breast cancer treatment remains a challenge. The precise induction of another form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis, is an excellent alternative for treating cancer. Ultrasound (US)‐enhanced enzyme dynamic (enzyodynamic) therapy is developed by employing LaFeO3 (LFO) perovskite nanocrystals as a substrate to increase the rate of deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for intensive cell pyroptosis. LFO nanocrystals possess quadruple enzyme‐mimicking activities, including oxidase‐, peroxidase‐, glutathione peroxidase‐, and catalase‐mimicking activities, which undertake the dominant therapeutic task through cascade catalytic reactions, including the reversal of hypoxic microenvironment, depletion of endogenous glutathione, and continuous output of ROS. US exogenous stimulation increases the transition rate of the intermediate complex to Fe (II) and favors incremental ROS production, by which the ROS burst‐induced pyroptosis process is accomplished through the ROS‐TXNIP‐NLRP3‐GSDMD pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic outcomes affirm the ascendancy of LFO nanozyme‐induced pyroptosis. This work highlights the critical role of US coupled with nanocatalytic reactors in pyroptosis‐dominant breast cancer treatment with the apoptosis resistance circumvention feature.
Ternary All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency up to 18.14% Employing a Two‐Step Sequential Deposition
Authors: Yang Xinrong , Sun Rui , Wang Yuheng , Chen Mingxia , Xia Xinxin , Lu Xinhui , Lu Guanghao , Min Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAchieving a finely tuned active layer morphology with a suitable vertical phase to facilitate both charge generation and charge transport has long been the main goal for pursuing the highly efficient bulk heterojunction all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Herein, a solution to address the above challenge via synergistically combining the ternary blend strategy and the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) procedure is proposed. By introducing a synthesized polymer acceptor (PA), PY‐Cl, with higher crystallinity into the designed host acceptor PY‐SSe‐V, vertical phase distribution and molecular ordering of the LbL‐type ternary all‐PSCs can be improved in comparison to the LbL‐type PM6/PY‐SSe‐V binary all‐PSCs. The formation of the superior bulk microstructure can not only promote charge transport and extraction properties but also reduce energetic disorder and non‐radiative recombination loss, thus improving all three photovoltaic parameters simultaneously. Consequently, the PM6/(PY‐SSe‐V:PY‐Cl) ternary all‐PSCs show the best efficiency of 18.14%, which is among the highest values reported to date for all‐PSCs. This work provides a facile and effective LbL‐type ternary strategy for obtaining high‐efficiency all‐PSCs.