bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheostomy prediction model in neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia via lung and airway MRI
Authors: Adaikalam Stephanie A. , Higano Nara S. , Hysinger Erik B. , Bates Alister J. , Fleck Robert J. , Schapiro Andrew H. , House Melissa A. , Nathan Amy T. , Ahlfeld Shawn K. , Brady Jennifer M. , Woods Jason C. , Kingma Paul S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRationaleClinical management of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is often imprecise and can vary widely between different institutions and providers, due to limited objective measurements of disease pathology severity. There is critical need to improve guidance on the application and timing of interventional treatments, such as tracheostomy.ObjectivesTo generate an imaging‐based clinical tool for early identification of those patients with BPD who are likely to require later tracheostomy and long‐term mechanical ventilation.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of n = 61 infants (55 BPD, 6 preterm non‐BPD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores of lung parenchymal disease were used to create a binomial logistic regression model for predicting tracheostomy requirement. This model was further investigated using clinical variables and MRI‐quantified tracheomalacia (TM).Measurements and Main ResultsA model for predicting tracheostomy requirement was created using MRI parenchymal score. This model had 89% accuracy, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 85% negative predictive value (NPV), compared with 84%, 60%, and 83%, respectively, when using only relevant clinical variables. In a subset of patients with airway MRI (n = 36), a model including lung and TM measurements had 83% accuracy, 92% PPV, and 78% NPV.ConclusionsMRI‐based measurements of parenchymal disease and TM can be used to predict need for tracheostomy in infants with BPD, more accurately than clinical factors alone. This prediction model has strong potential as a clinical tool for physicians and families for early determination of tracheostomy requirement.
Contemporary N2 and SF6 multiple breath washout in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sandvik Rikke M. , Gustafsson Per M. , Lindblad Anders , Buchvald Frederik , Olesen Hanne V. , Olsen Jørgen H. , Skov Marianne , Schmidt Marika N. , Thellefsen Mette R. , Robinson Paul D. , Rubak Sune , Pressler Tacjana , Nielsen Kim G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionMultiple breath washout (MBW) is used for early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, with SF6MBW commonly viewed as the reference method. The use of N2MBW in infants and toddlers has been questioned for technical and physiological reasons, but a new correction of the N2 signal has minimized the technical part. The present study aimed to assess the remaining differences and the contributing mechanisms for the differences between SF6 and N2MBW,corrected—such as tidal volume reduction during N2 washout with pure O2.MethodThis was a longitudinal multicenter cohort study. SF6MBW and N2MBW were performed prospectively at three CF centers in the same visits on 154 test occasions across 62 children with CF (mean age: 22.7 months). Offline analysis using identical algorithms to the commercially available program provided outcomes of N2,original and N2,corrected for comparison with SF6MBW.ResultsMean functional residual capacity, FRCN2,corrected was 14.3% lower than FRCN2, original, and 1.0% different from FRCSF6. Lung clearance index, LCIN2,corrected was 25.2% lower than LCIN2,original, and 7.3% higher than LCISF6. Mean (SD) tidal volume decreased significantly during N2MBWcorrected, compared to SF6MBW (−13.1 ml [−30.7; 4.6], p < 0.0001, equal to −12.0% [−25.7; 1.73]), but this tidal volume reduction did not correlate to the differences between LCIN2,corrected and LCISF6. The absolute differences in LCI increased significantly with higher LCISF6 (0.63/LCISF6) and (0.23/LCISF6), respectively, for N2,original and N2,corrected, but the relative differences were stable across disease severity for N2,corrected, but not for N2,original.ConclusionOnly minor residual differences between FRCN2,corrected and FRCSF6 remained to show that the two methods measure gas volumes very similar in this age range. Small differences in LCI were found. Tidal volume reduction during N2MBW did not affect differences. The corrected N2MBW can now be used with confidence in young children with CF, although not interchangeably with SF6.
“LONG COVID”—A hypothesis for understanding the biological basis and pharmacological treatment strategy
Authors: Jarrott Bevyn , Head Richard , Pringle Kirsty G. , Lumbers Eugenie R. , Martin Jennifer H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfection of humans with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus causes a disease known colloquially as “COVID‐19” with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. Initial pathology is due to the virus binding to the ACE‐2 protein on endothelial cells lining blood vessels and entering these cells in order to replicate. Viral replication causes oxidative stress due to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Many (~60%) of the infected people appear to have eliminated the virus from their body after 28 days and resume normal activity. However, a significant proportion (~40%) experience a variety of symptoms (loss of smell and/or taste, fatigue, cough, aching pain, “brain fog,” insomnia, shortness of breath, and tachycardia) after 12 weeks and are diagnosed with a syndrome named “LONG COVID.” Longitudinal clinical studies in a group of subjects who were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 have been compared to a non‐infected matched group of subjects. A cohort of infected subjects can be identified by a battery of cytokine markers to have persistent, low level grade of inflammation and often self‐report two or more troubling symptoms. There is no drug that will relieve their symptoms effectively. It is hypothesized that drugs that activate the intracellular transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (NRF2) may increase the expression of enzymes to synthesize the intracellular antioxidant, glutathione that will quench free radicals causing oxidative stress. The hormone melatonin has been identified as an activator of NRF2 and a relatively safe chemical for most people to ingest chronically. Thus, it is an option for consideration of re‐purposing studies in “LONG COVID” subjects experiencing insomnia, depression, fatigue, and “brain fog” but not tachycardia. Appropriately designed clinical trials are required to evaluate melatonin.
Analysis of fragmentation pathways of fentanyl derivatives by electrospray ionisation high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Sekuła Karolina , Wrzesień‐Tokarczyk Wioleta , Stanaszek Roman , Byrska Bogumiła , Zuba Dariusz 
Published: January 2022

RationaleDuring the last decade there has been a large increase in the availability of new synthetic opioids on the European drug market. Fentanyl analogues accounted for a significant proportion of these compounds. When there is a rapid introduction of new compounds from a given chemical class onto the market, a computer‐assisted library search is not recommended and the spectra have to be interpreted individually. Therefore, the knowledge of how different groups of new psychoactive substances are fragmented can be very helpful in identifying new compounds.MethodsIn this study, the fragmentation patterns of 33 fentanyl derivatives were investigated using electrospray ionisation (ESI). The analyses were conducted using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOFMS). Based on measurements carried out under various conditions, the fragmentation pathways of the tested compounds that were divided into groups due to their chemical structure were established.ResultsThe performed study allowed for the determination of characteristic ions that were formed during the fragmentation of fentanyl derivatives using ESI. Due to the high mass accuracy of the LC/ESI‐QTOFMS technique, it was proved that the cleavage of the tested molecules occurred mostly on the bonds adjacent to the nitrogen atoms. Based on the proposed fragmentation scheme, the general structure for fentanyls, and the presence of some characteristic ions, it is possible, after applying simple mathematical operations, to calculate the masses of individual substituents in the formulas of the new fentanyl analogues, which may appear on the drug market. Furthermore, based on the exact masses, it is possible to determine the formulas of these substituents.ConclusionsKnowledge of the specific fragments generated under ESI conditions can be used in forensic laboratories to determine the structures of novel compounds from the group of fentanyl derivatives.
Cooperative control for multiple high‐speed trains with constraints and acceleration zone under moving block system
Authors: Tian Yu , Lin Peng 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThis article investigates a cooperative control problem with acceleration zone and constraints for multiple high‐speed trains under moving block system. A distributed cooperative control algorithm is proposed where a switching mechanism and acceleration zone are introduced to reduce the cost of the operation adjustment and the communication between trains. Based on the properties of stochastic matrices, by selecting proper control parameters and applying the approach of model transformation and convex analysis, it is shown that the cooperative control problem can be solved if the communication topology has directed spanning trees. Finally, a numerical example is included to illustrate the obtained results.
Non‐fragile dynamic output‐feedback control for ‐gain performance of positive FM‐II model with PDT switching: An event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Wang Jinling , Liang Jinling , Zhang Linzhong , Ding Xiaoshuai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, the design problem of event‐triggered (E‐T) non‐fragile dynamic output‐feedback controller is addressed for the uncertain Fornasini‐Marchesini second (FM‐II) model with persistent dwell time (PDT) switching constraint. First of all, a novel E‐T scheme is introduced to reduce the measurement transmission ratio so as to decrease the occupancy of the communication channels. Then, by choosing a suitable co‐positive type Lyapunov function and utilizing the PDT method, sufficient conditions are obtained under which the obtained closed‐loop system is positive, robustly exponentially stable and has an ‐gain performance. The corresponding controller design issues are simultaneously discussed, and the parameterized matrices are explicitly designed by solving some linear programming inequalities. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show feasibility of the developed theoretical results.
Localized alteration of ferrihydrite natural organic matter coprecipitates following reaction with Fe(II)
Authors: Noor Nadia , Thompson Aaron 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoprecipitation of natural organic matter (NOM) with ferrihydrite (Fh) can alter the trajectory of Fe(II)‐catalyzed transformation. High C/Fe molar ratio Fh‐NOM coprecipitates are expected to resist transformation completely and preserve organic matter (OM). To explore how heterogeneous NOM would influence this process, we reacted low (0.8) and high (1.8) C/Fe molar ratio Fh‐NOM coprecipitates (synthesized with a 13C‐labeled plant litter extract) with 2 mM Fe(II) for 1 and 14 d under anoxic conditions and examined changes in the solid phase with Mössbauer spectroscopy (MBS) and secondary electron images using scanning transmission electron microscope. Mössbauer spectroscopy data suggests Fe(II) interaction with coprecipitates increases Fe mineral crystallinity, as did lower molar C/Fe ratios and longer aging times. However, de novo crystal phase development was only observed (via secondary electron images) in the Fe(II)‐reacted coprecipitates and only when the organic carbon (OC) loading was low. For example, the low C/Fe coprecipitate developed localized lath‐like crystal phases after 1 d of reaction with Fe(II), while the lath‐like phases only developed in the high C/Fe coprecipitates after they lost some NOM (C/Fe ratio decreased from 1.8 to 0.7) and reacted with Fe(II) for 14 d. In addition, partial exchange of coprecipitate 13C‐NOM for C in the media (likely the organic PIPES buffer) occurred in all treatments but was accentuated by reaction with Fe(II), suggesting coprecipitate OM composition likely evolves over time, especially when exposed to Fe(II). Our findings suggest that Fe(II) mediated Fh‐NOM transformation is highly dynamic and has the potential to influence the stability of NOM in Fh.
Retracted: A comparative study on predicting the rapid chloride permeability of self‐compacting concrete using meta‐heuristic algorithm and artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Yuan Jia , Zhao Ming , Esmaeili‐Falak Mahzad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObtaining a trustworthy approach to forecast the chloride penetration into self‐compacting concrete via rapid test may lead to frugality in cost, time, and energy to provide a durable mix design. Different single and hybrid regression methods are developed to predict the results of rapid chloride penetration tests in the present study. Cement content, fly ash, and silica fume replacement percent with cement, temperature and fine and coarse aggregates are considered as input variables. All predicted values using expanded models have a good agreement with experimentally measured results. Evaluating the accuracy and precision of single and hybrid optimized models by five statistical performance criteria (, root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and performance index) illustrates that the hybrid support vector regression with optimization algorithm is a high‐accurate promising model for predicting the results of a rapid chloride penetration test.
Convective mass transfer of a binary gas mixture in an inclined channel
Authors: Kossov Vladimir , Fedorenko Olga , Zhakebayev Dauren , Mukamedenkyzy Venera , Kulzhanov Dyusembek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe influence of a slope angle on the stability of mechanical equilibrium in binary gaseous mixtures has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. Experimental studies have shown that the angle of inclination of the channel relative to the horizontal plane can be critical in convective mixing. When this angle is reached, the system performs a kinetic transition from an unstable to a stable state, that is, to diffusion. The problem is solved by the Lattice Boltzmann method using the two‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equation, the continuity equation and the equation of concentration. Calculations are performed to study binary mixtures with different angles of inclination of the diffusion channel with respect to the vertical axis. Due to the increase of the angle of inclination, the convective flow intensity decreases. Numerical data on the structure fields of concentrations at different times depending on the increase of the slope angle are obtained.
Population Genomics of Yams: Evolution and Domestication of Dioscorea Species
Authors: Sugihara Yu , Kudoh Aoi , Oli Muluneh Tamiru , Takagi Hiroki , Natsume Satoshi , Shimizu Motoki , Abe Akira , Asiedu Robert , Asfaw Asrat , Adebola Patrick , Terauchi Ryohei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractYam is a collective name of tuber crops belonging to the genus Dioscorea. Yam is important not only as a staple food crop but also as an integral component of society and culture of the millions of people who depend on it. However, due to its regional importance, yam has long been regarded as an “orphan crop” lacking a due global attention. Although this perception is changing with recent advances in genomics technologies, domestication processes of most yam species are still ambiguous. This is mainly due to the complicated evolutionary history of Dioscorea species caused by frequent hybridization and polyploidization, which is possibly caused by dioecy that imposed obligate outcrossing to the species of Dioscorea. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the evolution of Dioscorea and address the domestication of yam from population genomics perspectives by focusing on the processes of hybridization and polyploidization. A review is given to the recent population genomics studies on the hybrid origin of D. rotundata in West and Central Africa, the global dispersion of D. alata through human migrations, and the whole-genome duplication of the South America species of D. trifida. In the end, we give a summary of current understanding of sex-determination system in Dioscorea.
Population Genomics Along With Quantitative Genetics Provides a More Efficient Valorization of Crop Plant Genetic Diversity in Breeding and Pre-breeding Programs
Authors: Civan Peter , Rincent Renaud , Danguy-Des-Deserts Alice , Elsen Jean-Michel , Bouchet Sophie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe breeding efforts of the twentieth century contributed to large increases in yield but selection may have increased vulnerability to environmental perturbations. In that context, there is a growing demand for methodology to re-introduce useful variation into cultivated germplasm. Such efforts can focus on the introduction of specific traits monitored through diagnostic molecular markers identified by QTL/association mapping or selection signature screening. A combined approach is to increase the global diversity of a crop without targeting any particular trait.A considerable portion of the genetic diversity is conserved in genebanks. However, benefits of genetic resources (GRs) in terms of favorable alleles have to be weighed against unfavorable traits being introduced along. In order to facilitate utilization of GR, core collections are being identified and progressively characterized at the phenotypic and genomic levels. High-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies allow to build prediction models that can estimate the genetic value of an entire genotyped collection. In a pre-breeding program, predictions can accelerate recurrent selection using rapid cycles in greenhouses by skipping some phenotyping steps. In a breeding program, reduced phenotyping characterization allows to increase the number of tested parents and crosses (and global genetic variance) for a fixed budget. Finally, the whole cross design can be optimized using progeny variance predictions to maximize short-term genetic gain or long-term genetic gain by constraining a minimum level of diversity in the germplasm. There is also a potential to further increase the accuracy of genomic predictions by taking into account genotype by environment interactions, integrating additional layers of omics and environmental information.Here, we aim to review some relevant concepts in population genomics together with recent advances in quantitative genetics in order to discuss how the combination of both disciplines can facilitate the use of genetic diversity in plant (pre) breeding programs.
Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Kronenberg Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic lipoprotein with a strong genetic regulation. Up to 90% of the concentrations are explained by a single gene, the LPA gene. The concentrations show a several-hundred-fold interindividual variability ranging from less than 0.1 mg/dL to more than 300 mg/dL. Lp(a) plasma concentrations above 30 mg/dL and even more above 50 mg/dL are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, stroke, aortic valve stenosis, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and all-cause mortality. Since concentrations above 50 mg/dL are observed in roughly 20% of the Caucasian population and in an even higher frequency in African-American and Asian-Indian ethnicities, it can be assumed that Lp(a) is one of the most important genetically determined risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Carriers of genetic variants that are associated with high Lp(a) concentrations have a markedly increased risk for cardiovascular events. Studies that used these genetic variants as a genetic instrument to support a causal role for Lp(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor are called Mendelian randomization studies. The principle of this type of studies has been introduced and tested for the first time ever with Lp(a) and its genetic determinants.There are currently no approved pharmacologic therapies that specifically target Lp(a) concentrations. However, some therapies that target primarily LDL cholesterol have also an influence on Lp(a) concentrations. These are mainly PCSK9 inhibitors that lower LDL cholesterol by 60% and Lp(a) by 25–30%. Furthermore, lipoprotein apheresis lowers both, Lp(a) and LDL cholesterol, by about 60–70%. Some sophisticated study designs and statistical analyses provided support that lowering Lp(a) by these therapies also lowers cardiovascular events on top of the effect caused by lowering LDL cholesterol, although this was not the main target of the therapy. Currently, new therapies targeting RNA such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against apolipoprotein(a), the main protein of the Lp(a) particle, are under examination and lower Lp(a) concentrations up to 90%. Since these therapies specifically lower Lp(a) concentrations without influencing other lipoproteins, they will serve the last piece of the puzzle whether a decrease of Lp(a) results also in a decrease of cardiovascular events.
High Density Lipoproteins: Is There a Comeback as a Therapeutic Target?
Authors: von Eckardstein Arnold 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow plasma levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In cell culture and animal models, HDL particles exert multiple potentially anti-atherogenic effects. However, drugs increasing HDL-C have failed to prevent cardiovascular endpoints. Mendelian Randomization studies neither found any genetic causality for the associations of HDL-C levels with differences in cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the causal role and, hence, utility as a therapeutic target of HDL has been questioned. However, the biomarker “HDL-C” as well as the interpretation of previous data has several important limitations: First, the inverse relationship of HDL-C with risk of ASCVD is neither linear nor continuous. Hence, neither the-higher-the-better strategies of previous drug developments nor previous linear cause-effect relationships assuming Mendelian randomization approaches appear appropriate. Second, most of the drugs previously tested do not target HDL metabolism specifically so that the futile trials question the clinical utility of the investigated drugs rather than the causal role of HDL in ASCVD. Third, the cholesterol of HDL measured as HDL-C neither exerts nor reports any HDL function. Comprehensive knowledge of structure-function-disease relationships of HDL particles and associated molecules will be a pre-requisite, to test them for their physiological and pathogenic relevance and exploit them for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of individuals at HDL-associated risk of ASCVD but also other diseases, for example diabetes, chronic kidney disease, infections, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.