bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness in Personality Disorders
Authors: Reinhard Matthias A. , Nenov-Matt Tabea , Padberg Frank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Loneliness is a common experience in patients with personality disorders (PDs) that are characterized by impairment in self (identity, self-direction) and interpersonal functioning (empathy, intimacy). Here, we review studies assessing the association of loneliness with PD or PD traits including DSM-5’s Alternative Model of PD (AMPD).

Recent Findings

The number of loneliness studies varied greatly among different PDs with most studies conducted in borderline PD. Across PDs, loneliness was associated with the severity of psychopathological symptoms and with several AMPD trait domains. Consequently, loneliness may contribute to PD severity and further impair personality functioning.

Summary

Loneliness and PD share intra- and interpersonal factors (i.e., increased rejection sensitivity, information processing biases, social withdrawal) and common origins in childhood maltreatment that may explain their close association. Future research needs to investigate mechanisms on how loneliness and core characteristics of PD mutually reinforce each other in order to therapeutically address loneliness in PD.
Distinguishing Intergroup and Long-Distance Relationships
Authors: Pisor Anne C. , Ross Cody T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntergroup and long-distance relationships are both central features of human social life, but because intergroup relationships are emphasized in the literature, long-distance relationships are often overlooked. Here, we make the case that intergroup and long-distance relationships should be studied as distinct, albeit related, features of human sociality. First, we review the functions of both kinds of relationship: while both can be conduits for difficult-to-access resources, intergroup relationships can reduce intergroup conflict whereas long-distance relationships are especially effective at buffering widespread resource shortfalls. Second, to illustrate the importance of distinguishing the two relationship types, we present a case study from rural Bolivia. Combining ethnography and two different experimental techniques, we find that the importance of intergroup relationships—and the salience of group membership itself—varies across populations and across methods. Although ethnography revealed that participants often rely on long-distance relationships for resource access, we were unable to capture participant preferences for these relationships with a forced-choice technique. Taken together, our review and empirical data highlight that (1) intergroup and long-distance relationships can have different functions and can be more or less important in different contexts and (2) validating experimental field data with ethnography is crucial for work on human sociality. We close by outlining future directions for research on long-distance relationships in humans.
Testing inter-observer error under a collaborative research framework for studying lithic shape variability
Authors: Timbrell Lucy , Scott Christopher , Habte Behailu , Tefera Yosef , Monod Hélène , Qazzih Mouna , Marais Benjamin , Black Wendy , Maroma Christine , Ndiema Emmanuel , Henderson Struan , Elmes Katherine , Plomp Kimberly , Grove Matt 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvaluating error that arises through the aggregation of data recorded by multiple observers is a key consideration in many metric and geometric morphometric analyses of stone tool shape. One of the most common approaches involves the convergence of observers for repeat trails on the same set of artefacts: however, this is logistically and financially challenging when collaborating internationally and/or at a large scale. We present and evaluate a unique alternative for testing inter-observer error, involving the development of 3D printed copies of a lithic reference collection for distribution among observers. With the aim of reducing error, clear protocols were developed for photographing and measuring the replicas, and inter-observer variability was assessed on the replicas in comparison with a corresponding data set recorded by a single observer. Our results demonstrate that, when the photography procedure is standardized and dimensions are clearly defined, the resulting metric and geometric morphometric data are minimally affected by inter-observer error, supporting this method as an effective solution for assessing error under collaborative research frameworks. Collaboration is becoming increasingly important within archaeological and anthropological sciences in order to increase the accessibility of samples, encourage dual-project development between foreign and local researchers and reduce the carbon footprint of collection-based research. This study offers a promising validation of a collaborative research design whereby researchers remotely work together to produce comparable data capturing lithic shape variability.
Independent radiation of snailfishes into the hadal zone confirmed by Paraliparis selti sp. nov. (Perciformes: Liparidae) from the Atacama Trench, SE Pacific
Authors: Linley Thomas D. , Gerringer Mackenzie E. , Ritchie Heather , Weston Johanna N. J. , Scott-Murray Amy , Fernandez Vincent , Canto-Hernández Jhoann , Wenzhöfer Frank , Glud Ronnie N. , Jamieson Alan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSnailfishes are among the most rapidly radiating families of marine fishes, resulting in a global distribution from the coastal intertidal to deep subduction trenches. The true diversity and distribution of deep-water snailfishes, particularly at hadal depths (>6000 m) and in the Southern Hemisphere, remain uncertain due to the rarity of samples. Here, we present the snailfish diversity at near-hadal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, which runs along the southwest coast of South America. Using free-fall baited cameras and traps, we documented at least three species of hadal snailfishes between 5920 and 7608 m based on distinct morphologies. One snailfish specimen was recovered from 6714 m, which we describe herein as Paraliparis selti sp. nov., based on a combined morphological and molecular taxonomic approach (16S, COI, and Cyt-b). Paraliparis selti sp. nov. is morphologically distinct from described snailfishes due to a combination of high number of; vertebrae (65) particularly the abdominal vertebrae (12), dorsal fin rays (60), anal fin rays (52), and caudal fin rays (8); comparatively low number of pectoral fin rays (18) which forms a deep notch with two widely spaced non-rudimentary rays. Micro-CT was used to minimise dissection of the specimen and to provide a digital holotype. Paraliparis selti sp. nov. highlights the importance of the Liparidae at hadal depths and provides evidence for at least two independent radiations of snailfishes into the hadal zone.
Network Analysis of the Gender Gap in International Remittances by Migrants
Authors: Marquardt Zelda , Ikeda Yuichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFinancial inclusion is considered a key enabler of international development goals. Despite the expansion of financial access overall, the gender inequalities in basic access have remained consistent. This research investigates the predictive power of global remittance and migration flows on the gender gap in financial inclusion. First, singular value decomposition is applied to the World Bank’s 2017 Global Findex data to identify the financial inclusion variables that most contribute to the gender gap in financial inclusion. We find that indicators pertaining to account ownership, emergency funding, and receiving payments are especially significant. Based on the identified variables, a novel Financial Inclusion Gender Gap Score is calculated for 143 economies. The score is then incorporated into a complex network analysis of global remittance and migration networks. We analyze how network features such as node attributes, community membership, and bow-tie structure can be used to make inferences about the magnitude of a financial inclusion gender gap. Our findings suggest that weaker linkages in the network, characterized by lower node strength and peripheral positions in the bow-tie structure, are determinants of a notable financial inclusion gender gap. We also highlight communities in the remittance and migration networks with a more substantial gender imbalance, and discuss the the social- and cultural-leaning factors driving community formation in the migration network that seem to predicate a greater gap.
Data mining methodology for obtaining epidemiological data in the context of road transport systems
Authors: Cristóbal Teresa , Quesada-Arencibia Alexis , de Blasio Gabriele Salvatore , Padrón Gabino , Alayón Francisco , García Carmelo R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMillions of people use public transport systems daily, hence their interest for the epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases, both from a scientific and a health control point of view. This article presents a methodology for obtaining epidemiological information on these types of diseases in the context of a public road transport system. This epidemiological information is based on an estimation of interactions with risk of infection between users of the public transport system. The methodology is novel in its aim since, to the best of our knowledge, there is no previous study in the context of epidemiology and public transport systems that addresses this challenge. The information is obtained by mining the data generated from trips made by transport users who use contactless cards as a means of payment. Data mining therefore underpins the methodology. One achievement of the methodology is that it is a comprehensive approach, since, starting from a formalisation of the problem based on epidemiological concepts and the transport activity itself, all the necessary steps to obtain the required epidemiological knowledge are described and implemented. This includes the estimation of data that are generally unknown in the context of public transport systems, but that are required to generate the desired results. The outcome is useful epidemiological data based on a complete and reliable description of all estimated potentially infectious interactions between users of the transport system. The methodology can be implemented using a variety of initial specifications: epidemiological, temporal, geographic, inter alia. Another feature of the methodology is that with the information it provides, epidemiological studies can be carried out involving a large number of people, producing large samples of interactions obtained over long periods of time, thereby making it possible to carry out comparative studies. Moreover, a real use case is described, in which the methodology is applied to a road transport system that annually moves around 20 million passengers, in a period that predates the COVID-19 pandemic. The results have made it possible to identify the group of users most exposed to infection, although they are not the largest group. Finally, it is estimated that the application of a seat allocation strategy that minimises the risk of infection reduces the risk by 50%.
Progression of prostate cancer reprograms MYC-mediated lipid metabolism via lysine methyltransferase 2A
Authors: Whitlock Nichelle C. , White Margaret E. , Capaldo Brian J. , Ku Anson T. , Agarwal Supreet , Fang Lei , Wilkinson Scott , Trostel Shana Y. , Shi Zhen-Dan , Basuli Falguni , Wong Karen , Jagoda Elaine M. , Kelly Kathleen , Choyke Peter L. , Sowalsky Adam G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The activities of MYC, the androgen receptor, and its associated pioneer factors demonstrate substantial reprogramming between early and advanced prostate cancer. Although previous studies have shown a shift in cellular metabolic requirements associated with prostate cancer progression, the epigenetic regulation of these processes is incompletely described. Here, we have integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and whole-transcriptome sequencing to identify novel regulators of metabolism in advanced prostate tumors characterized by elevated MYC activity.

Results
Using ChIP-seq against MYC, HOXB13, and AR in LNCaP cells, we observed redistribution of co-bound sites suggestive of differential KMT2A activity as a function of MYC expression. In a cohort of 177 laser-capture microdissected foci of prostate tumors, KMT2A expression was positively correlated with MYC activity, AR activity, and HOXB13 expression, but decreased with tumor grade severity. However, KMT2A expression was negatively correlated with these factors in 25 LuCaP patient-derived xenograft models of advanced prostate cancer and 99 laser-capture microdissected foci of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Stratified by KMT2A expression, ChIP-seq against AR and HOXB13 in 15 LuCaP patient-derived xenografts showed an inverse association with sites involving genes implicated in lipid metabolism, including the arachidonic acid metabolic enzyme PLA2G4F. LuCaP patient-derived xenograft models grown as organoids recapitulated the inverse association between KMT2A expression and fluorine-18 labeled arachidonic acid uptake in vitro.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that the epigenetic activity of transcription factor oncogenes exhibits a shift during prostate cancer progression with distinctive phenotypic effects on metabolism. These epigenetically driven changes in lipid metabolism may serve as novel targets for the development of novel imaging agents and therapeutics.
Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium Alleviates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Microcirculation Impairment by Promoting M2 Microglia Polarization and Reducing Astrocyte Swelling
Authors: Yang Ling-Yu , Chen Yong-Ren , Lee Jing-Er , Chen Kuo-Wei , Luh Hui-Tzung , Chen Yi-Tzu , Wang Kuo-Chuan , Hsieh Sung-Tsang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can cause severe neurological deficits and high mortality. Early brain edema following SAH contributes to the initiation of microcirculation impairment and may further lead to delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND). This study aimed to investigate whether dental pulp stem cell conditioned medium (DPSC-CM) ameliorates SAH-induced microcirculation impairment and the underlying mechanisms. SAH was induced via intrathecal injection of fresh autologous blood in Wistar male adult rat. DPSC-CM or DPSC-CM + insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) antibody was randomly administered by intrathecal route 5 min after SAH induction. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of DPSC-CM in the treatment of SAH, primary rat astrocyte and microglia co-cultures were challenged with hemolysate or SAH-patient CSF in the presence or absence of DPSC-CM. The results showed that in vivo, DPSC-CM treatment decreased the brain water content, improved microcirculation impairment and enhanced functional recovery at 24 h post-SAH. DPSC-CM treatment also alleviated the expressions of water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors in the cortical region. However, all the beneficial effects of DPSC-CM were abrogated after treatment with IGF-1 neutralizing antibody. The in vitro results further showed that DPSC-CM treatment reduced hemolysate/SAH-patient CSF-induced astrocyte swelling and promoted M2 microglia polarization, partially through IGF-1/AKT signaling. The data suggested that DPSC-CM significantly reduced brain edema and rescued microcirculation impairment with concomitant anti-inflammatory benefits after SAH, and may potentially be developed into a novel therapeutic strategy for SAH.
Emergence of non-Fickian transport in truncated pluri-Gaussian permeability fields
Authors: Pescimoro Eugenio , Icardi Matteo , Porta Giovanni , Bianchi Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a numerical simulation study of advective–diffusive scalar transport in three-dimensional high-contrast discontinuous permeability fields, generated with a truncated pluri-Gaussian geostatistical approach. The numerical experiments are run with an Eulerian approach using a novel unified numerical framework based on the finite-volume library OpenFOAM®(Weller et al. in Comput Phys 12(6):620–631, 1998), for (1) generating random pluri-Gaussian porous media, (2) solving the steady state Darcy-scale flow, (3) solving the advection diffusion equation, (4) computing post-processing quantities such as first order statistics, spatial probability density functions and breakthrough curves. A range of permeability contrasts, correlation lengths, and Péclet numbers are tested to assess their relative weight on transport control and for the first time, the deviation of a calibrated macrodispersive model from the Fickian transport is quantified. We identify a hierarchy of non-Fickian transport triggering factors. From the tested scenarios, permeability contrast is the main controlling parameter for the anomalous transport behaviour as it enhances the generation of preferential flow paths which are characterised by high advective flow velocities. The Péclet number and the characteristic length at which facies transitions are observed as secondary factors.
The effects of scheduling network models in predictive processes in sports
Authors: Garnica Caparrós Marc , Memmert Daniel , Wunderlich Fabian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn many sports disciplines, the schedule of the competitions is undeniably an inherent yet crucial component. The present study modeled sports competitions schedules as networks and investigated the influence of network properties on the accuracy of predictive ratings and forecasting models in sports. Artificial networks were generated representing competition schedules with varying density, degree distribution and modularity and embedded in a full rating and forecasting process using ELO ratings and an ordered logistic regression model. Results showed that network properties should be considered when tuning predictive ratings and revealed several aspects for improvement. High density does not increase rating accuracy, so improved rating approaches should increasingly use indirect comparisons to profit from transitivity in dense networks. In networks with a high disparity in their degree distribution, inaccuracies are mainly driven by nodes with a low degree, which could be improved by relaxing the rating adjustment functions. Moreover, in terms of modularity, low connectivity between groups (i.e., leagues or divisions) challenges correctly assessing a single group’s overall rating. The present study aims to stimulate discussion on network properties as a neglected facet of sports forecasting and artificial data to improve predictive ratings.
Constants in Markov’s and Bernstein inequality on a finite interval in $${\mathbb {R}}$$
Authors: Sroka Grzegorz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrate the constants in the pointwise Bernstein inequality$$\begin{aligned} |P^{(\alpha )}(x)|\le \left( \frac{2n}{\sqrt{(x-a)(b-x)}}\right) ^{\alpha }||P||_{[a,b]}, \end{aligned}$$|P(α)(x)|≤2n(x-a)(b-x)α||P||[a,b],for the$$\alpha -$$α-th derivative of an algebraic polynomial in$$L^{\infty }-$$L∞-norms on an interval in$${\mathbb {R}}$$R, where$$\alpha \ge 3$$α≥3. This result was obtained using the tools of theory of pluripotential and we apply it to get the main result which is a new generalization of V. A. Markov’s type inequalities$$\begin{aligned} ||P^{(\alpha )}||_p\le C^{1/{p}}\left( \frac{2}{b-a}\right) ^{\alpha }||T^{(\alpha )}_{n}||_{[-1,1]}n^{2/p}||P||_{p}, \end{aligned}$$||P(α)||p≤C1/p2b-aα||Tn(α)||[-1,1]n2/p||P||p,for the$$\alpha -$$α-th derivative of an algebraic polynomial in$$L^{p}$$Lpnorms, where$$p\ge 1$$p≥1. In particular, we show that for any$$\alpha \ge 3$$α≥3the constantCin the V. A. Markov inequality satisfies the condition$$C\le 8\left( \frac{32\cdot 3,94741\cdot \pi M\alpha ^2}{3\sqrt{3}}\right) ^{1/p}$$C≤832·3,94741·πMα2331/p.
Kidney Health of Indigenous Children: Insights from Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Canada
Authors: Erickson Robin L. , Selvathesan Nithiakishna , Dickens Amanda R. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This review seeks to highlight the common and unique factors that impact the kidney health of Indigenous children in Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Canada with a particular interest on efforts to improve their kidney health outcomes and the framework to pursue future efforts.

Recent Findings
In the period since the adoption of the United Nations (UN) Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) there has been a number of studies documenting poorer renal health outcomes and potential causes amongst Indigenous paediatric populations in Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Canada. There is a shortage of studies that look at interventions to improve these outcomes.

Summary
Poorer kidney health outcomes amongst Indigenous children are rarely genetic and appear to be more related to societal inequities. Reported efforts to improve outcomes are few but have demonstrated the ability to make change and with sustained focus on reducing inequities there is hope to improve the renal health of Indigenous children.
Is it all talk: Do politicians that promote environmental messages on social media actually vote-in environmental policy?
Authors: Greenwell Matthew P. , Johnson Thomas F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGovernment policies are key to combating climate change and biodiversity loss. Here, we examine whether environmental messages on Twitter by UK politicians can be used to predict the probability of politicians voting-in pro-environmental policy. Using historical Twitter data and voting records, we determine that the number of tweets by UK politicians regarding environmental subjects has increased over the last decade, although this is not consistent across all parties. The probability of voting environmentally has not increased, instead, voting trends are highly heterogeneous over time, varying by political party. This suggests that there is little association between politicians that promote environmental messages on social media and the odds of them voting-in environmental policy. However, in some cases, politicians do deviate from political party lines, and so we assessed whether politicians that posted more environmental messages were more likely to break party lines and vote-in environmental measures. We found evidence that, after accounting for party, politicians who tweet more frequently about environmental subjects are more likely to vote against party lines in favour of environmental measures. This work suggests that politicians’ that post more environmental messages are more likely to support pro-environmental policy, but this signal is low relative to the predominant driver—political party association.Article highlightsEnvironmental tweeting by UK MPs has increased over the past decade but environmental voting has not.Party lines account for much of the variation in environmental vote patterns.Political association is a stronger predictor of vote intentions than whether an MP tweets about environmental issues.
Explicit isomorphisms of quaternion algebras over quadratic global fields
Authors: Csahók Tímea , Kutas Péter , Montessinos Mickaël , Zábrádi Gergely 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLetLbe a separable quadratic extension of either$${\mathbb {Q}}$$Qor$${\mathbb {F}}_q(t)$$Fq(t). We exhibit efficient algorithms for finding isomorphisms between quaternion algebras overL. Our techniques are based on computing maximal one-sided ideals of the corestriction of a central simpleL-algebra.