bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and verification of radiomics framework for computed tomography image segmentation
Authors: Gu Jiabing , Li Baosheng , Shu Huazhong , Zhu Jian , Qiu Qingtao , Bai Tong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiomics has been considered an imaging marker for capturing quantitative image information (QII). The introduction of radiomics to image segmentation is desirable but challenging.PurposeThis study aims to develop and validate a radiomics‐based framework for image segmentation (RFIS).MethodsRFIS is designed using features extracted from volume (svfeatures) created by sliding window (swvolume). The 53 svfeatures are extracted from 11 phantom series. Outliers in the svfeature datasets are detected by isolation forest (iForest) and specified as the mean value. The percentage coefficient of variation (%COV) is calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of svfeatures. RFIS is constructed and applied to the gross target volume (GTV) segmentation from the peritumoral region (GTV with a 10 mm margin) to assess its feasibility. The 127 lung cancer images are enrolled. The test–retest method, correlation matrix, and Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05) are used to select non‐redundant svfeatures of statistical significance from the reproducible svfeatures. The synthetic minority over‐sampling technique is utilized to balance the minority group in the training sets. The support vector machine is employed for RFIS construction, which is tuned in the training set using 10‐fold stratified cross‐validation and then evaluated in the test sets. The swvolumes with the consistent classification results are grouped and merged. Mode filtering is performed to remove very small subvolumes and create relatively large regions of completely uniform character. In addition, RFIS performance is evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).Results30249 phantom and 145008 patient image swvolumes were analyzed. Forty‐nine (92.45% of 53) svfeatures represented excellent reproducibility(%COV<15). Forty‐five features (91.84% of 49) included five categories that passed test‐retest analysis. Thirteen svfeatures (28.89% of 45) svfeatures were selected for RFIS construction. RFIS showed an average (95% confidence interval) sensitivity of 0.848 (95% CI:0.844–0.883), a specificity of 0.821 (95% CI: 0.818–0.825), an accuracy of 83.48% (95% CI: 83.27%–83.70%), and an AUC of 0.906 (95% CI: 0.904–0.908) with cross‐validation. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were equal to 0.762 (95% CI: 0.754–0.770), 0.840 (95% CI: 0.837–0.844), 82.29% (95% CI: 81.90%–82.60%), and 0.877 (95% CI: 0.873–0.881) in the test set, respectively. GTV was segmented by grouping and merging swvolume with identical classification results. The mean DSC after mode filtering was 0.707 ± 0.093 in the training sets and 0.688 ± 0.072 in the test sets.ConclusionReproducible svfeatures can capture the differences in QII among swvolumes. RFIS can be applied to swvolume classification, which achieves image segmentation by grouping and merging the swvolume with similar QII.
Improving accuracy of myocardial T1 estimation in MyoMapNet
Authors: Guo Rui , Chen Zhensen , Amyar Amine , El‐Rewaidy Hossam , Assana Salah , Rodriguez Jennifer , Pierce Patrick , Goddu Beth , Nezafat Reza 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo improve the accuracy and robustness of T1 estimation by MyoMapNet, a deep learning–based approach using 4 inversion‐recovery T1‐weighted images for cardiac T1 mapping.MethodsMyoMapNet is a fully connected neural network for T1 estimation of an accelerated cardiac T1 mapping sequence, which collects 4 T1‐weighted images by a single Look‐Locker inversion‐recovery experiment (LL4). MyoMapNet was originally trained using in vivo data from the modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery sequence, which resulted in significant bias and sensitivity to various confounders. This study sought to train MyoMapNet using signals generated from numerical simulations and phantom MR data under multiple simulated confounders. The trained model was then evaluated by phantom data scanned using new phantom vials that differed from those used for training. The performance of the new model was compared with modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery sequence and saturation‐recovery single‐shot acquisition for measuring native and postcontrast T1 in 25 subjects.ResultsIn the phantom study, T1 values measured by LL4 with MyoMapNet were highly correlated with reference values from the spin‐echo sequence. Furthermore, the estimated T1 had excellent robustness to changes in flip angle and off‐resonance. Native and postcontrast myocardium T1 at 3 Tesla measured by saturation‐recovery single‐shot acquisition, modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery sequence, and MyoMapNet were 1483 ± 46.6 ms and 791 ± 45.8 ms, 1169 ± 49.0 ms and 612 ± 36.0 ms, and 1443 ± 57.5 ms and 700 ± 57.5 ms, respectively. The corresponding extracellular volumes were 22.90% ± 3.20%, 28.88% ± 3.48%, and 30.65% ± 3.60%, respectively.ConclusionTraining MyoMapNet with numerical simulations and phantom data will improve the estimation of myocardial T1 values and increase its robustness to confounders while also reducing the overall T1 mapping estimation time to only 4 heartbeats.
Recent findings on subjective well‐being and physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia: A literature review
Authors: He Yupeng , Tanaka Ayako , Kishi Taro , Li Yuanying , Matsunaga Masaaki , Tanihara Shinichi , Iwata Nakao , Ota Atsuhiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimCare for people with schizophrenia is shifting the locus from long‐stay mental hospitals to nonspecialized community‐based settings. Knowledge on the care is not a sole property of psychiatric specialists. Community healthcare workers who do not specialize in psychiatry are recommended to learn more about schizophrenia. This review aimed to summarize recent findings on subjective well‐being and physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia.MethodsA literature review was conducted. We retrieved findings from existing systematic reviews and meta‐analyses as our preferred method. When data were not available, we referred to other types of studies.ResultsAs per our review, individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated poor subjective well‐being, happiness, and life satisfaction despite individual differences. Pharmacotherapy caused weight gain and constipation, whereas race and hospitalization might affect weight reduction. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated poor oral health, a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases, and unique eating behaviors. Depression, sleep disorders, smoking, and alcohol and drug consumption were frequently found in the individuals. Research findings regarding problematic internet and smartphone use and stress perception were limited. Low health literacy and neglect of preventable behaviors were frequently seen in individuals with schizophrenia. They tended to be less educated, poor, unemployed, unmarried/unattached, and had poor social cognition, resulting in little social support and a small social network.ConclusionRetrieving recent data, we confirmed that individuals with schizophrenia had poor subjective well‐being and suffer from various physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities.
A multi‐strategy fuzzy control method based on the Takagi‐Sugeno model
Authors: Al‐Hadithi Basil Mohammed , Adánez José Miguel , Jiménez Agustín 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, a new multi‐strategy fuzzy control (MSFC) based on fuzzy fusion techniques for the control of multivariable nonlinear systems is proposed. This new nonlinear control method is a mixture of different control techniques by fuzzy interpolation using the fuzzy Takagi‐Sugeno model. It combines various control strategies to achieve smooth transient responses and zero steady state error. The following techniques are merged within the proposed MSFC structure: an optimal state feedback control that yields an optimal transient response, optimal control through an incremental state model that returns a zero steady state error, and a constant input control to maintain the system behavior within predefined boundaries whenever the MSFC method is applied.
Disseminated cancer cells detected by immunocytology in lymph nodes of NSCLC patients are highly prognostic and undergo parallel molecular evolution
Authors: Elsner Felix , Hoffmann Martin , Fahrioglu‐Yamaci Rezan , Czyz Zbigniew , Feliciello Giancarlo , Mederer Tobias , Polzer Bernhard , Treitschke Steffi , Rümmele Petra , Weber Florian , Wiesinger Hellmuth , Robold Tobias , Sziklavari Zsolt , Sienel Wulf , Hofmann Hans‐Stefan , Klein Christoph A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn melanoma, immunocytology (IC) after sentinel lymph node disaggregation not only enables better quantification of disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) than routine histopathology (HP) but also provides a unique opportunity to detect, isolate, and analyse these earliest harbingers of metachronous metastasis. Here, we explored lymph node IC in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For 122 NSCLC patients, 220 lymph nodes (LNs) were split in half and prepared for IC and HP. When both methods were compared, IC identified 22% positive patients as opposed to 4.5% by HP, revealing a much higher sensitivity of IC (p < 0.001). Assessment of all available 2,952 LNs of the same patients by HP uncovered additional patients escaping detection of lymphatic tumour spread by IC alone, consistent with the concept of skip metastasis. A combined lymph node status of IC and complete HP on a larger cohort of patients outperformed all risk factors in multivariable analysis for prognosis (p < 0.001; RR = 2.290; CI 1.407–3.728). Moreover, isolation of DCCs and single‐cell molecular characterization revealed that (1) LN‐DCCs differ from primary tumours in terms of copy number alterations and selected mutations and (2) critical alterations are acquired during colony formation within LNs. We conclude that LN‐IC in NSCLC patients when combined with HP improves diagnostic precision, has the potential to reduce total workload, and facilitates molecular characterization of lymphatically spread cancer cells, which may become key for the selection and development of novel systemic therapies. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
An update on the diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes
Authors: Colclough Kevin , van Heugten Rachel , Patel Kashyap 
Published: August 2022

Initiated in 2000, the NHS‐funded genetic testing service for monogenic diabetes at the Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, is the sole national provider for this service in England. The laboratory has undertaken testing for over 19,000 families and has diagnosed monogenic diabetes in over 9500 patients from the UK and across the world.Dr Kevin Colclough and colleagues here provide an insight into how genetic diagnostic testing leads to improved clinical care, how advances in testing technology are causing a paradigm shift in diagnosis, and how changes to test provision and funding are leading to the mainstreaming of genetic diagnosis in routine diabetes clinics.
Incidence rate, basic characteristics, and survival outcomes of bladder squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Feng , Xu Wenbo , Li Xiao , Xu Ting , Zou Qing , Xu Zicheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo explore the incidence rate (IR), clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of bladder squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. We extracted the IRs of BSCC from 1975 to 2016 in the SEER database, and plotted the trending curves. Then, the clinicopathological characteristics of BSCC patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were selected and compared with those of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the same period. Furthermore, differences in overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of BSCC and UC patients were compared. Finally, COX regression models were constructed to explore the risk factors affecting OS and CSS in BSCC patients. The IR of BSCC showed a downward trend from 1975 to 2000 and stabilized at about 0.3/100 000 after 2000. BSCC patients had a later stage at diagnosis and worse prognosis when compared with those with UC. Older age, higher TNM stage, no surgical treatment, and unmarried status were significantly related to worse prognosis of BSCC patients. This study explored the IR trends, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of BSCC. In the future, prospective, large sample, and well‐designed clinical studies are needed to verify our results.
Octa‐Substituted Resorcinarene Based Supramolecules and Its Liquid Crystalline and Biological Applications
Authors: Gajjar Jinal A. , Vekariya Rajesh H. , Sharma Vinay S. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Pithawala Edwin , Parekh Hitesh M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResorcin[4]arenes functionalized amide based supramolecular derivatives (E1‐E9) were produced in high yield using microwave irradiation (MWI) and characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H‐NMR, IR spectroscopy, and Mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial, anti‐malarial, anti‐tuberculosis, and anti‐oxidant properties of amide‐based supramolecular hosts were investigated. The majority of the compounds showed exceptional antibacterial activity. Some compounds showed promising antifungal, antimalarial, antituberculosis, and antioxidant properties. Additions to this, few selected derivatives were further tested for their mesomorphic study with formation of columnar type self‐assembly. The liquid crystalline properties were studied by using polarizing optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and further confirmed by PXRD techniques. All the synthesized supramolecules showed good thermal properties with respect to liquid crystalline mesophase range.
Synthesis of a Self‐assembled Dual Morphologies Ag‐NPs/SrMoO4 Photocatalyst with LSPR Effect for the Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Gu Yufen , Guo Bobo , Yi Zao , Wu Xianwen , Zhang Jiao , Yang Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMorphology of photocatalyst has attracted many attentions due to its significant effect on photocatalytic properties. Herein, the effects of hydrothermal reaction conditions including time, temperature, and pH value on the morphology evolution as well as on the photocatalytic performance of SrMoO4 were investigated in detail. It was found that SrMoO4 had self‐assembled dual morphologies (spherical and dumbbell shape) under the specific reaction conditions with time=24 h, temperature=200 °C, and pH=6.13. In order to enhance its photocatalysis further, the silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) were well‐dispersed uniform on the surface of as‐prepared samples to obtain Ag‐NPs/SrMoO4 composites by photoreduction method. It was determined that 3 %Ag‐NPs/SrMoO4 had the first‐class photocatalytic performance (η=83.7 %, kapp=0.05229 min‐1) for the photodegradation of MB dye, which is ∼2.52 times that of the bare SrMoO4 with dual morphology (η=51.9 %, kapp=0.02078 min−1) by comparison with the apparent first‐order reaction rate constants. The photocatalytic performance was promoted by high efficiency of photo‐induced carriers’ separation based on the effect of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of well‐dispersed Ag‐NPs.
Defect Engineering of a Mott‐Schottky‐Type Self‐Supporting Electrode for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Lai Jingyuan , Gan Lang , Zhang Kai , Xiao Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping bi‐functional electrocatalysts for zinc‐air batteries is still challenging due to the slow kinetics of the cathode reaction. In this work, we report a low‐temperature plasma strategy to prepare Mott–Schottky‐type electrodes which contain metal alloy and metal oxide. The as‐obtained free‐standing electrodes (Co0.72Fe0.28@CoO/CP and Ni3Fe@NiFe2O4/CP) exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). After introducing the precious metal Pt, the ORR activity of these electrodes has improved, and the corresponding zinc‐air batteries show good charge‐discharge efficiency and stability. This outstanding electrochemical performance could attribute to the Mott–Schottky synergistic effects between metal alloy and metal oxide in heterojunction, high conductivity of carbon paper, and interface defects made by Plasma treatment, thus improving the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of the oxygen reaction.
Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some New Mixed Ligand Complexes of Lomefloxacin and 3‐(Bromoacetyl)coumarin with Some Metals
Authors: El‐Shwiniy Walaa H. , Gamil Manar A. , Sadeek Sadeek A. , Zordok Wael A. , El‐Telbany Mohamed , El‐farargy Ahmed F. , El‐Attar Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interaction of Mn(II) (1), Fe(II) (2), Co(II) (3), Ni(II) (4), Cu(II) (5), and Zn(II) (6) with lomefloxacin (LFX) in the existence of 3‐(bromoacetyl)coumarin (BAC) and NaOH in a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio resulted in the formation of unique mixed ligand metal complexes. The ability of two ligands to chelate metal ions was investigated by elemental analysis, molar conductance, effective magnetic moments FT‐IR, ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis),1H NMR spectra and thermogravimetric analyses (TG‐DTG). FT‐IR spectra of the complexes suggest thatLFXreacted with metal ions as bi‐dentate through pyridone oxygen and carboxylate oxygen.BACalso interacts as bi‐dentate through oxygen of α,β‐unsaturated ketone and oxygen of lactone carbonyl of coumarin. These chelates are electrolytes, according to conductivity experiments, with a 1 : 1 ratio for Mn(II), Fe(II), and Zn(II) and a 1 : 2 ratio for Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). Electronic and magnetic data revealed an octahedral shape for all compounds. The thermodynamic parameters of thermal breakdown processes such as Ea, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* were determined from TG and DTG curves using Coats‐Redfern (CR) and Horowitz‐Metzeger (HM) techniques forLFX,BACand their metal complexes. The structural geometry of the complexes is confirmed by molecular modeling studies. The findings show that the complexes are soft with regard to ligands, with values ranging from 0.058 eV for Fe(II) complex to 0.090 eV for Zn(II) complex and 11.11 to 17.24 eV forLFXandBAC, respectively, and 0.121, 8.26 eV and 0.111, 9.009 eV forLFXandBAC. The ligands and their complexes were testedin vitrofor antibacterial activity against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains, and the results revealed that the complexes had significantly higher potency than the parent drug.
Stabilities, Geometries, Electronic Structures, and Conversion Rules of Carbide Cluster Metallofullerenes
Authors: He Jun , Li Mengyang , Zhang Wenxin , Zhao Xiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of the first carbide cluster metallofullerene (CCMF) Sc2C2@C84 in 2001, CCMFs have attracted great concerns with variable structures and fascinating characteristics. To date, there are hundreds of studies on CCMFs. Crystallography studies on CCMFs are carried out by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations can also be used to study CCMFs in detail without being limited by low experimental yields. This review analyzes the stability of CCMFs reported previously, and indicates that the C2 unit contributes a lot to their stability. At the same time, the relationship between the structures of inner carbide cluster and cage size is systematically discussed, and the four‐electron transfer always occurs. Furthermore, the possible transformation rule between di‐EMFs and CCMFs is indicated. Finally, an outlook regarding the future developments and applications of CCMFs is presented.
Longitudinal observation of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pulsotypes in six veterinary hospitals in the north‐western United States
Authors: Perkins Andrea V. , Sellon Debra C. , Gay John M. , Lofgren Eric T. , Jones Lisa P. , Davis Margaret A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMeticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) infections in companion animals are increasing and are difficult to treat. Environmental contamination with MRSP in small animal primary care hospitals may pose an exposure risk to animal patients.MethodsThis longitudinal study assessed the genotypic relationships of MRSP isolated from 39 environmental samples collected from six private small animal primary care hospitals, in the north‐eastern United States, between August 2018 and April 2019.ResultsOf the 39 bacterial isolates, 18 unique pulsotypes were identified based on pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, including six clusters of two or more indistinguishable isolates. Single pulsotypes were frequently detected from multiple hand‐contact and animal‐contact surfaces within a hospital during a single sampling event, but detection of a single pulsotype within the same hospital on subsequent visits was infrequent. However, one pulsotype was recovered from three separate hospitals, which suggests that either MRSP transmission between hospitals may have occurred via people, animals, or fomites or that there was a dominant community strain.ConclusionsSingle strains of MRSP were isolated from various hand‐contact and animal‐contact surfaces within hospitals, indicating the important role of humans, animals and the environment in MRSP transmission. Additionally, the detection of a single strain between hospitals and over time suggests that either MRSP transmission between hospitals may have occurred via people, animals or fomites or that there was a dominant community strain.
Reedy Categories and Diagrams of Spaces
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn later chapters we will develop the homotopy theory of simplicial and dendroidal spaces, i.e., diagrams of simplicial sets indexed on the categories Δop and Ωop. There is a standard way of equipping such diagram categories with a model structure other than the projective one, but with the same weak equivalences, called the Reedy model structure. This structure has the advantage that both the fibrations and cofibrations are easy to control.
Left Fibrations and the Covariant Model
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Section 9.5 we introduced the covariant model structure on a slice category dSets/B, for a fixed dendroidal set B. This model category represents the homotopy theory of ‘B-algebras’, as we will see in Section 13.5. The first aim of this chapter is to establish the analogous structure for the category of dendroidal spaces over a fixed dendroidal space B. We will do this in Section 13.1 and demonstrate that the covariant model structure on dSpaces/B is Quillen equivalent to the covariant model structure on dSets/B0 in the case when B is a complete dendroidal Segal space (cf. Proposition 13.7).
Anti-brane uplift instability from goldstino condensation
Authors: Dall’Agata Gianguido , Emelin Maxim , Farakos Fotis , Morittu Matteo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the possible appearance of composite states of the goldstino in models with four-dimensional non-linear supersymmetry and we provide a description of their dynamics in terms of a Kähler potential and a superpotential. Our analysis shows that the critical point corresponding to the Volkov-Akulov model is unstable. Similarly, we find that the uplifted stable de Sitter critical point of the KKLT model is shifted and acquires a tachyonic instability. Our findings indicate the existence of a potentially dangerous instability shared by all anti-brane uplifts.