bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Saliva Sample Collection for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Compared With Nasopharyngeal Swab Sample
Authors: Jo Sung Jin , Kim Jungrok , Kim Sehee , Kim Jingyeong , Kwon Hyunmi , Kwon Yongjun , Kim Hyunjin , Kim Hwan Hee , Lee Heayon , Kim Sei Won , Yeo Chang Dong , Lee Sang Haak , Lee Jehoon 
Published: August 2022

Context.—
The use of saliva samples for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection offers several advantages, including ease of sample collection, feasibility of self-collection, and minimization of medical staff exposure to infection. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has had an impact on the viral load of specimens and the results of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).

Objective.—
To compare nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR.

Design.—
In this study, participants were recruited prospectively, and paired nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples were collected simultaneously from each participant. After adding universal transport medium, RNA was extracted in an identical manner for both sample types, and samples were tested using rRT-PCR. In addition, samples with positive results were tested for SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Results.—
Of the 338 paired samples, 100 nasopharyngeal swab and 101 saliva samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The rRT-PCR results of the saliva and nasopharyngeal swab samples showed a positive percent agreement of 95.0% (95% CI, 88.7%–98.4%), a negative percent agreement of 97.9% (95% CI, 95.2%–99.3%), and an overall percent agreement of 96.8% (95% CI, 94.3%–98.4%). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the saliva samples of 6 participants with negative nasopharyngeal sample results. In addition, the sensitivity of saliva samples was similar to that of nasopharyngeal samples for detecting various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant.

Conclusions.—
Saliva samples can be used as an alternative to nasopharyngeal samples for convenient and effective detection of various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Assessment of Drainage Conditions in the Poblacion Barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar: A Pilot Study
Authors: D. Varela Benjamin , Jr. Simmon M. Tan, , Jr. Eladio B. Jao, , B. Espiña Melecia , A. De Asis Celeste 
Published: August 2022

A technical survey was conducted in the 16 Poblacion barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar to gather technical data on the existing length of drainage canals, the land area of the barangay, and the average slope of the existing drainage canal. Using a survey questionnaire, the reasons for flooding and perceived remedial measures were gathered from the barangay residents. The existing lengths of the drainage canal in the barangays range from 0.52 – 2.263 km. The average slope of the drainage canal in the barangays ranges from 0.012 – 1.572 %. The average depth of maximum flooding ranges 0 (no flooding) – 1.3 m. The computed drainage density for the different barangays ranges 2.92 – 32.46 km/km2 while the computed additional lengths of drainage needed in the barangays ranges 0 (sufficient length of existing drainage canal) – 4,954 m. On the other hand, the most common reasons for flooding are small drainage canals, clogged drainage canals, no drainage canal, water coming from other puroks, and flooding from Catarman River or a nearby creek. The most common remedial measures perceived by the barangay residents are construct a drainage canal, drainage canal maintenance, construct river control, and repair of the existing drainage canal. The researchers concluded that the barangays with high drainage density has no or minimal flooding, many of the barangays still need a considerable length of drainage canals to eliminate in the area, most of the barangay respondents claimed that the problem is that the drainage canals are not sufficient and some existing drainage canals need repair and so there is a need to construct additional drainage canals and repair existing ones and a significant number of barangay residents asserted there is a need to construct a river control structure to avoid river water coming into their barangay.
Effects of Blanching on Nutrient Dynamics in Edible Shoots of Bambusa nutans Wall Ex Munro and Bambusa balcooa Roxb.
Authors: Panda Mihir Ranjan , Dey Amarendra Nath , Chakravarty Sumit , Saha Asok , Paul Prodyut Kumar , Debnath Manoj Kanti 
Published: August 2022

The effect of hot water blanching on proximate and mineral constitution of two edible bamboo shoots viz., Bambusa nutans and B. balcooa, was investigated in the eastern Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal, India. The proximate and mineral composition was determined at the laboratory of Department of Forestry,Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in 2021-22 by using standard methods. In the present study, hot water blanching at 100ºC for 20 minutes was significantly reduced the carbohydrate (4.11g/100g fw), total protein (1.19g/100g fw), fat (0.28g/100g fw), ash (0.09g/100g fw), energy value (26.90 Kcal/100g fw), HCN content (8.72 mg/ Kg) and minerals viz. potassium (233.10mg/100g fw), calcium (11.84mg/100g fw) and magnesium (3.19mg/100g fw) content whereas enhanced the moisture content (92.75%), crude fibre (1.58g/100g fw), iron (1.78mg/100g fw) and copper content (0.94mg/100g fw), respectively, in comparison to the raw bamboo shoots. It was also found that B. nutans was qualitatively superior with maximum edible percentage (43.17%), carbohydrate (4.50g/100g fw), total protein (1.51g/ 100g fw), fat content (0.48g/100g fw), crude fibre (1.74g/100g fw) and energy (31.80Kcal/ 100g fw) along with higher sodium (2.09 mg/100g fw), potassium (339.37mg/100g fw), magnesium (4.85 mg/100g fw), zinc (0.56 mg/100g fw) and manganese (1.12 mg/100g fw) while B. balcooa had higher moisture content (92.72%), HCN (104.15 mg/Kg), calcium (16.05mg/100g fw), iron (1.77mg/100g fw) and copper content (1.13mg/100g fw). However, there is a need for further research towards value addition and composite mixture to ensure the nutritional security.
DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO E POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS NA BAHIA
Authors: Moreira Inaiá Maria 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo aborda o processo de descentralização no estado da Bahia, analisando a dinâmica recente das políticas de educação, habitação, saneamento, saúde e assistência social, com base em pesquisa recentemente realizada.Os resultados dessa pesquisa evidenciam como o governo federal vem se retraindo enquanto provedor de políticas e serviços sociais básicos, levando estados e municípios a assumir, nos últimos anos, maiores responsabilidades, de forma seletiva e substitutiva e na medida das suas possibilidades. Daí resulta um processo de descentralização que avança de forma desordenada, com vazios, diferenciações e até retrocessos, no âmbito das políticas públicas analisadas e do território nacional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Descentralização, políticas sociais, municipalização, habitação, educação. Decentralization and Social Policies in Bahia Inaiá Maria Moreira de Carvalho This article approaches the decentralization process in the state of Bahia, analyzing the recent dynamics of the policies of education, habitation, sanitation, health and social welfare, based on a research performed recently.The results of this research show that the federal government is restraining itself as a provider of policies and basic social services, thus forcing the states and municipalities to assume major responsibilities during the last years, in a selective and replaceable way according to their possibilities. Therefore, the result is a decentralization process moving forward in a disorganized way, with empty spaces, differences and even retrogression, in the scope of the public policies analyzed and in the national territory. KEY WORDS: Decentralization, social policies, municipal issues, habitation, education. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CONSTRUINDO O PODER LOCAL
Authors: Jara Carlos Júlio 
Published: August 2022

O autor discute novos paradigmas acerca do desenvolvimento local sustentável, baseado na concepção de que a gestão pública é também responsabilidade dos atores locais e que a descentralização das políticas, enquanto forma de redistribuição do poder, constitui-se num mecanismo de inclusão social e participação comunitárias, geradora de uma nova cultura política até então marcada pelo clientelismo. Partindo da crítica às formas tradicionais do poder local, contrapõe um modelo de desenvolvimento local sustentável, que envolve a formação de um novo poder e institucionalidade e de uma nova cultura centrada na solidariedade como instrumento de libertação e de articulação de energias sociais e políticas fragmentadas, partindo da informação. Este contexto supõe a superação das práticas autoritárias, dos relacionamentos que determinam uma cidadania passiva, transformando o desenvolvimento local sustentável num instrumento de democratização e transformação, pelo qual a sociedade se organiza, se capacita, se informa, ou seja, se empodera e constrói seu próprio futuro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poder local, distribuição de poder, desenvolvimento sustentável, participação política, cultura política. Constructing the local power Carlos Júlio Jara The author discusses new paradigms related to the local sustainable development based on the concept that the public actors are also responsible for the public management, and that the decentralization of policies, as a form of power redistribution, creates a mechanism of social inclusion and community participation that originates a new political culture in favor of a determined group. Starting from the criticism of the traditional local power forms, it opposes itself to a model of local sustainable development that involves the formation of a new power, instituting a new culture centered on solidarity as a instrument for the liberation and articulation of fragmented social and political energies, having information as a starting point. This contexts supposes that the authoritarian practices and the relationships that determine a passive citizenship can be overcome, transforming the local sustainable development in a democratization and transformation instrument. Thus the society can become more organized, qualified, informed, or in other words, powerful and able to construct its own future. KEY WORDS: Local Power, power distribution, sustainable development, political participation, political culture. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O "BASISMO" ACABOU? ANÁLISE SOBRE A PARTICIPAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA NO BRASIL (1970-90)
Authors: Rivière Hélène 
Published: August 2022

A autora analisa a formação de uma tendência política “basista” vigente no Brasil e na América Latina, entendida como uma perspectiva valorativa da participação popular na implantação de programas sociais urbanos localizados, no contexto da redemocratização do País. Parte do retorno às origens ideológicas e de grupos (católicos e marxistas) que influenciaram esta tendência, analisando a reprodução contemporânea desse processo, a partir da intersecção de múltiplas variáveis – lutas urbanas, adesões identitárias, papel da Igreja e das ONGs, que articuladas, acabam por produzir diferenciações e sentidos contraditórios à participação popular, terminando mesmo por questionar o seu alcance quanto à formação de uma cidadania plena. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Basismo, participação popular, poder local, Igreja, ONGs. Is the “grassroots policy” over? Analysis of the community participation in Brazil (1970-90) Hélène Rivière d'Arc The author analyses the formation of a grassroots political trend in force in Brazil and in Latin America, understood as a perspective of value of the popular participation in the implantation of social urban programs, focusing on the concept of the country re-democratization. The starting point is the return to the ideological origins and to the catholic and Marxist groups that influenced this trend, analyzing the contemporary reproduction of this process, from the intersection of multiple variables – urban struggles, identity participation, the role of the Church and NGOs. Once articulated, they tend to produce differences and contradictory meanings regarding popular participation, thus questioning its scope in terms of forming a total citizenship. KEY WORDS: Grassroots policy, popular participation, local power, church, NGOs. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
NEOPRODUTIVISMO
Authors: Dufumier Marc , Couto Vitor de Athayde 
Published: August 2022

O neoprodutivismo resulta da diversificação de modelos nos quais baseia-se o desenvolvimento agrícola desde a crise do produtivismo. Neste artigo trata-se das perspectivas da agricultura brasileira, a começar pela crítica de algumas interpretações equivocadas. Analisamse as transformações agrícolas, a crise do produtivismo, impactos sócio-ambientais, principais reações via mercado, e a emergência de modelos alternativos. A partir do exemplo francês, comenta-se o atual projeto de lei de orientação agrícola. Conclui-se pelo reconhecimento de que é difícil a tarefa de apontar alguma resultante para a agricultura brasileira, de grande diversidade regional, etnocultural, de modelos tecnológicos e organizacionais, de mercados, da qualidade dos processos e produtos e, mais recentemente, do trabalho - a pluriatividade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura, crise do produtivismo, modelos alternativos, Brasil, França. NEW FORMS OF PRODUCTION New-productivism results from diversification of the models on which is founded agricultural development since productivism crisis. This article deals with perspectives to brazilian agriculture, starting with objections to some equivocate interpretations. Agricultural transformations are examined as well as productivism crisis, social-environmental impacts, the market's main reactions, and the emergency of alternative models. Taking french example, the present law project to agricultural orientation is discussed. As a conclusion, we admit that is a difficult task to point out some resultant to brazilian agriculture, with its enormous diversity of regions, ethnocultures, technological and organizational models, markets, product quality, and more recently, the agrarian economy with nonagricultural activities - the so-called pluriactivity. KEYWORDS: Agriculture, productivity crisis, alternative models, Brazil, France. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
TRABALHADORES POBRES E CIDADANIA
Authors: Bicalho de Sousa Heloísa Nair 
Published: August 2022

A formação do sujeito coletivo na construção civil é estudada a partir das experiências dos trabalhadores no mundo privado e dos conflitos vivenciados no cotidiano de trabalho. O processo se configura tendo como referência uma subjetividade de classe que se explicita nos dois planos, demonstrando a centralidade do conceito de configurações de classe enquanto articulador de um espaço significativo de politização da ação coletiva. Busca-se compreender como este trabalhador consegue, a partir da fragmentação da vida cotidiana, articula-se coletivamente nas pressões de grupos profissionais, nas quebras e nas greves exigindo direitos reconhecidos publicamente. Poor workers and citizenship Nair Heloísa Bicalho The formation of the collective subject in civil construction is studied, with origin in the experiences of workers in their personal lives and in the conflicts lived in the day-to-day world of work. The process is formed, having as a reference a class subjectivity that becomes explicit on the two levels, demonstrating the importance of the concept of configuration of class as a creator of a significant space for the politicizing of collective action. The text attempts to understand how this worker manages, departing from the fragmentation of day-to-day life, to join together collectively with others in the pressures of professional groups, and in the ruptures and strikes demanding publicly recognised rights. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
HABERMAS E A TEORIA DA MODERNIDADE
Authors: Freitag Bárbara 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo procura decantar da vasta obra de Jürgen Habermas a sua Teoria da Modernidade, imersa em múltiplas publicações mas nunca desenvolvida explicitamente pelo próprio autor em um texto sintético. É através da análise crítica aos discursos sociológico, filosófico, estético e marxista da Modernidade que Habermas sugere uma teoria que supere os impasses teóricos e práticos a que nos levaram as obras de Weber, Adorno, Horkheiner, Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, Marx, Lenin, Stalin e tantos outros. A Teoria da Modernidade quer aprender das falácias, aporias e impasses destes clássicos do pensamento, propondo, graças a isso, novas soluções para vencer as patologias dos tempos modernos. Habermas and the Theory of Modernity Barbara Freitag The present article tries to separate from the vast work of Jürgen Habermas his Theory of Modernity, immersed within a mass of publications but never developed explicitly by the author himself in a synthetic text. It is through the critical analysis of sociological, philosophical, aesthetic and Marxist discourses on modernity that Habermas suggests a Theory which surpasses the theoretical and practical impasses to which the works of Weber, Adorno, Horkheimer, Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, Marx, Lenin, Stalin, and many others lead us. The Theory of Modernity intends to learn from the fallaciousness, aporia, and impasses of these classic works of thought, proposing, thanks to this, new solutions to overcome the pathologies of the modern age. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O FINANCIAMENTO DO ENSINO PÚBLICO NO BRASIL: uma perspectiva político-econômica
Authors: Gomes Cândido Alberto , Verhine Robert E. 
Published: August 2022

O sistema de financiamento da educação no Brasil se caracteriza por uma estrutura complexa, com problemas de eficiência, eficácia e eqüidade, ao tempo em que se apresentam algumas iniciativas novas como possíveis soluções para as dificuldades enfrentadas. Estas características têm sido objeto de interesse crescente por parte de estudiosos e formuladores de políticas, tanto pela percepção das limitações do sistema vigente como pelas mudanças administrativas e fiscais promovidas pela Constituição de 1988 e, mais recentemente, por alguns governos estaduais e municipais. Este artigo analisa o referido sistema, examinando cada um dos aspectos acima mencionados. O texto inicia descrevendo a organização e estrutura do sistema, fornecendo, a seguir, um panorama das despesas em educação; identifica os problemas principais e descreve algumas experiências recentes que, de forma ainda parcial, tentam solucioná-los. Na sua conclusão, os autores argumentam que, para que se efetive as recentes mudanças, há necessidade de implementar-se procedimentos de avaliação e acompanhamento de forma a saber em que medida os remédios combatem as doenças ou os primeiros podem ser aperfeiçoados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: educação; finanças públicas; sistema educacional; despesas em educação; municipalização; descentralização. Financing public education in Brazil: A political-economical perspective The system of financing education in Brazil is characterized by a complex structure, with efficiency, efficacy and equity problems, while presenting some new initiatives as possible solutions for the difficulties that are being faced. These characteristics have been the object of growing interest on the part scholars and policy makers, in terms of the perceived limitations of the system, as well as by the fiscal and administrative changes promoted by the 1988 Constitution, and more recently by some state and municipal governments. This article analyses the system, beginning with its organization and structure, and then provides an overview of education expenditures. It identifies the major problems and describes some recent experiences, trying to solve them in a partial way. In its conclusion the authors discuss that to put the recent changes into practice it is necessary to implement evaluation and assessment procedures that enable the identification and improvement of the most effective initiatives. KEY WORDS: education; public finances; educational system; expenses on education; municipality issues; decentralization. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Uncovering the Origin of Chirality from Plasmonic Nanoparticle/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Films
Authors: Zhao Sixiang , Zhu Han , Lu Jicun , Li Ming , Zhao Liancheng , Zhou Lei , Gao Liming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChirality generated by the co‐assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and chiral photonic crystals has attracted broad interest owing to its strong optical activities. However, it is difficult to understand the physical mechanism of the unique chiral responses, for surface‐plasmon‐mediated circular dichroism (SP‐CD) is a hybrid response generated from chiral plasmonic–photonic systems. This study aims to investigate how chirality is generated by this system and the relationship between SP‐CD and plasmonic–photonic couplings. Here, quasi‐continuous plasmon bands are designed to interact with the different photonic bandgaps of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). In spectroscopy and simulation, characteristic SP‐CD shape lines derived from the extinction dispersion of plasmonic NPs for circularly polarized light in the CNCs are observed. It is demonstrated that this plasmonic chirality is determined by the coupling states and originates from a multiple scattering combination of plasmonic NPs under a chiral excitation field. A novel transfer‐matrix method is established to perform numerical analysis of this complex multiple scattering efficiently. This study is expected to offer a deep insight into chiral plasmonic–photonic systems.
Polyoxometalate Accelerated Cationic Migration for Reservoir Computing
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Xiong Zi‐Yu , Gong Yue , Zhu Zexi , Lv Ziyu , Wang Yan , Yang Jia‐Qin , Xing Xuechao , Wang Zhan‐Peng , Qin Jingrun , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMemristor‐based reservoir computing systems represent an attractive approach in processing the time‐series information with a low training cost, in a range of fields from finance to engineering. Previous investigations have identified the charming potential of organic devices for next‐generation memory devices. However, the structural inhomogeneity and wide energy bandgap of most organic polymers usually lead to low‐yield and high operation power microelectronic devices, that permit their further application in neuromorphic computing. Herein, an organic‐inorganic hybrid memristor that can be conveniently processed into crossbar devices with tolerable yield via spin‐coating is shown. The doped inorganic polyoxometalate (POM) clusters via supramolecular assembly strategy not only act as the charge trapping modules but also assist the formation of conductive filaments due to their delocalized electrostatic adsorption property. With the dynamic short‐term memory property, the designed memristor devices can be used as a reservoir framework to process temporal information directly. A smaller reservoir with 100 memristors can be used for the recognition of emotion patterns efficiently. This strategy demonstrates the unique role of POM in developing low‐power and repeated memristors, which provides a new material platform to design advanced function memristors for neuromorphic computing.