bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in equine synovium and upregulated with synovitis
Authors: Miagkoff Ludovic , Girard Christiane A. , St‐Jean Guillaume , Richard Hélène , Beauchamp Guy , Laverty Sheila 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of equine lameness. Cannabinoid (CB) receptors are now considered to be promising therapeutic targets in human rheumatology for pain and inflammation, however, little is known about the equine endocannabinoid system.ObjectivesThe primary goal was to assess the presence and expression pattern of CB1 and CB2 in the synovium of healthy joints. A secondary goal was to explore the relationship between the CB expression, degree of synovitis and OA pathology.Study designEx vivo experimental study.MethodsMetacarpophalangeal joints (n = 25) from a tissue bank were studied. The joints were dissected, and the articular cartilage lesions were scored. Synovial membrane specimens (n = 45) were harvested, fixed and the degree of synovitis was graded on histological sections. Colocalised synovial sections were also immunostained with antibodies to CB1 and CB2. Five regions of interest were randomly selected from digital images of manually segmented synovial intima and scored blindly for positive cellular immunoreactive staining by two independent observers. Interobserver agreement was calculated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Relationships between CB1 and CB2 immunoreactive scores and synovitis or joint OA grade were explored with mixed linear models.ResultsCB1 was expressed in synovial intimal cells in all specimens studied whereas CB2 expression was identified in 94%. Both receptors were also expressed in the subintimal blood vessel walls. ICCs were 84.6% (CB1) and 92.9% (CB2) for the immunoreactivity scores. Both CB1 and CB2 expression were significantly upregulated (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) with increasing degree of synovitis. Conversely, CB1 expression significantly decreased (p = 0.03) with increasing severity of OA.Main limitationsThe type of synovial cell expressing CB1 or CB2 was not investigated.ConclusionEquine synovial intimal cells constitutively express both CB1 and CB2 receptors that are upregulated with synovitis and may have a role in joint pain. They are potential targets for therapy with cannabinoid molecules or their derivatives.
In vivo visualisation of tattoo particles using multiphoton tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Nguyen Lynhda , Mess Christian , Schneider Stefan W. , Huck Volker , Herberger Katharina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith increased popularity of decorative tattoos, awareness of tattoo‐based dermatological complications has been raised. Health issues include a broad spectrum dominated by allergies and infections. To examine the etiopathology and prognose the outcome of an appropriate therapy, a non‐invasive intravital diagnostic approach is indicated. The present pilot study introduces multiphoton tomography equipped with fluorescence lifetime imaging as a diagnostic technique to examine the morphological and metabolic status of tattooed human skin at patient's bedside. The distributing course of tattoo particles can be visualised over time. By providing optical biopsies, inflammation‐based alterations in freshly tattooed skin and tattoo complications can be analysed. The study concludes that multiphoton tomography combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging is a suitable technique for in vivo visualisation of tattoo pigments as well as for the assessment of quantitative and qualitative skin changes after injection of tattoo ink into human skin.
Hazard rate for postoperative recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 or A1: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Xiang Yan‐Jun , Wang Kang , Yu Hong‐Ming , Wang Miao‐Miao , Li Le‐Qun , Sun Hui‐Chuan , Wen Tian‐Fu , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Shan Yun‐Feng , Zhou Li‐Ping , Cheng Shu‐Qun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimSurgical treatment is the first‐line treatment for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 or A1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and postoperative monitoring improves long‐term survival. We aimed to establish a reasonable short‐interval follow‐up duration for patients with HCC.MethodsThe cohort for this retrospective study included 1396 HCC patients with BCLC stage 0 or A1 disease who underwent curative resection from 2013 to 2016 at five centers in China. Hazard rates for recurrence were calculated using the hazard function.ResultsThe recurrence rates in patients with BCLC stage 0 and A1 HCC were 46.4% and 58.0%, respectively. The hazard curve for stage 0 patients was relatively flat, and the hazard rate was consistently low (peak hazard rate 0.0163). The hazard rate curve for recurrence was initially high (peak hazard rate 0.0441) in patients with BCLC stage A1 disease and showed a rapid decreasing trend within 1 year, followed by a slow decreasing trend, reaching a low level (<0.0163) at approximately 36 months. The time to low risk was 47, 41, and 51 months in patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and satellite lesions, respectively.ConclusionsA short‐interval follow‐up of 1 year is sufficient for HCC patients with BCLC stage 0 disease, whereas a short‐interval follow‐up time of 3 years should be considered for patients with stage A1 disease. The follow‐up period should be appropriately prolonged for patients with cirrhosis, HBV infection, and satellite lesions.
Hydroxypropyl chitosan modified by cinnamic acid derivative nanoparticles for stabilising Pickering emulsion
Authors: Wang Min , Yue Lin , Zhao Lingyu , Khan Imran Mahmood , Zhang Yin , Wang Zhouping 
Published: July 2022

SummaryChitosan (CS) derivatives, chemically modified appropriately, can be used to produce nanoparticles with good properties. In this work, using CS, hydroxypropyl CS (HPCS) and HPCS modified by cinnamic acid (HPCS‐CA) derivative as raw materials, the nanoparticles were synthesised by ion crosslinking method with tripolyphosphate. FT‐IR spectra indicated that CS and its derivatives successfully cross‐linked with TPP at the molecular level. XRD and TG results exhibited changes in crystallinity and thermal stability. The nanoparticles had narrow size distribution and were nearly spherical. The surfaces of the nanoparticles were all positively charged. The nanoparticles‐stabilised oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsions were obtained by high‐speed homogenisation. The emulsions' morphology was reported by confocal laser scanning microscopy, indicating that the Pickering emulsions were synthesised successfully. The stability of the emulsion stabilised by HPCS‐CA nanoparticles was better than that of CS and HPCS nanoparticles. Taking curcumin as the target component, its stability in Pickering emulsions was good. The Pickering emulsion stabilised by HPCS‐CA nanoparticles may be a novel bioactive compound delivery system.
Application of green tea extract and catechin on the polyphenolic and volatile composition of Monastrell red wines
Authors: Anaya Juan Alberto , Álvarez Inmaculada , García María José , Lizama Victoria 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe present work studies the effect of adding catechin and plant extract rich in catechin, Camellia sinensis (green tea) extract, on the volatile and polyphenolic composition of red wines made from Monastrell grapes. The aim of this research is to study the way to increase the red wine quality made with Monastrell variety of grapes. In one of them, the green tea extract was applied to grapes in vineyards 10 days before harvest. In another, catechin was applied to vineyards in the same way, and finally, catechin was applied during grape processing. Each trial was fermented by traditional vinification and prefermentative maceration for 5 days prior to alcoholic fermentation. A simple ANOVA analysis was used to evaluate if the application of copigments and winemaking techniques influenced wine composition. In addition, a multifactorial ANOVA was used to study the copigment treatment effect x winemaking technique interaction. Wine polyphenolic and volatile composition were analysed 12 months after fermentation. The application of green tea extract and catechin to vineyards increased (13%–16%) the concentration of anthocyanins in relation to the control to a greater extent when the initial polyphenolic concentration of grapes was lower. The volatile concentration rose when copigments (green tea extract and pure catechin) were applied to vineyards, in particular, hexyl acetate, ethyl octanoate and vanillin. The application of techniques like prefermentative maceration enhances the effects of copigments added to vineyards. The combination of the application of green extract or pure catechin with prefermentative cold maceration, had positive effects increasing polyphenols and volatile compounds concentration.
Release characteristics and bioaccessibility of lutein from calcium alginate hydrogels during simulated digestion in vitro
Authors: Luo Shuwei , Song Jiangfeng , Xu Pengxiang , Dai Zhuqing , Wu Caie , Li Ying 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn this study, the release of lutein from calcium alginate hydrogels during simulated digestion in vitro was investigated. The results showed that the cross‐linked hydrogel with Ca2+ concentration >7.5 mM had a large amount of lutein retained on the surface, and digestive enzymes caused rapid degradation of the hydrogel structure, resulting in a high initial release rate. The particle size of the digestate was the largest in the simulated small intestinal digestion stage, with the gradual degradation of the outer wall proteins of lutein nanoparticles, showing a decreasing trend in the colonic digestion stage. The hydrogel cross‐linked with high concentration of Ca2+ mainly released lutein nanoparticles with small particle size. In the later stage, the probability of agglomeration between lutein nanoparticles increased. The cumulative release rate of lutein in the hydrogel with Ca2+ concentration <7.5 mM was higher after digestion, but lutein retention was <80%. The formation of lutein mixed micelles was hindered by the hydrogel with a Ca2+ content more than 7.5 mM, and lutein bioaccessibility was reduced. As a result, appropriate concentration of Ca2+ cross‐linked hydrogel carrier improved lutein bioavailability while also extending the residence period.
Discovery of flavouring compounds to substitute fatty and tallow characteristics in plant‐based patties
Authors: Chekmarev Dmitriy S. , Da Costa Neil C. , Darling Jason M. , Janczuk Adam J. , Ji Song , Joseph Susan L. , Sudol Marion A. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryPlant‐based meat substitutes have greatly improved in recent years in texture and flavour; however, they still lack the authentic fatty and tallow flavour notes associated with meat. To investigate what may be lacking in these products, charred beef was prepared, extracted and analysed in depth, to discover novel high‐impact volatile molecules of sensory value for improved flavour application in plant‐based meat substitutes. Beef was prepared by charring on a grill and extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and solvent‐assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE). The extracts were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), respectively, which showed the results of 209 volatile compounds and 21 targeted amino acids in the cooked beef. Using GC‐Olfactometry, five compounds were postulated, synthesised and sensorially evaluated to find their optimal use concentrations. Of particular interest were 3‐(methylthio)‐alkanals, some of which had not previously been reported in natural products. A model meat flavour was evaluated with and without 3 of these fatty, tallow compounds at optimal dosage use, when applied to soy and pea protein patties, respectively. Sensory and statistical data analysis showing the resulting organoleptic improvements are also presented.
Effect of high shear homogenisation on physicochemical, microstructure, particle size and volatile composition of residual pineapple pulp
Authors: Ravichandran Chandrakala , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Meda Venkatesh , Rastogi Navin K. , Khan Zober Alam , Emanuel Neela 
Published: July 2022

SummaryWaste or by‐product utilisation is on focus to reduce the environmental threat and acquiring wealth out of waste. This study was planned to understand the effect of high shear homogenisation (SH) on physicochemical, microstructural, particle size, dietary fibre and volatile composition of residual pineapple pulp (RPP) for its utilisation. Shear homogenisation with three levels of rotor speed, that is 5000, 15 000 and 30 000 rpm, was employed for 5, 10 and 15 min. These responses reveal that the shear speed of 15 000 rpm for 10 min was relatively better in colour retention and enhanced soluble dietary fibre (SDF) by 48%. Increased levels of SDF after treatment help in the utilisation of RPP and its suitability for food supplementation. A gradual reduction in particle size from 40 to 400 μm was observed with shear homogenisation. Optical microscopy images revealed that larger cell fragments, fibrous nature and dense hairy mass of pomace were disrupted at 15 000 rpm. Moderate shear speed triggers the release of additional aroma volatiles, whereas higher rpm and time resulted in degradation of volatiles. The shear homogenised RPP is used for the development of fibre‐enriched yoghurt and incorporation at a 5% level resulted in high acceptable sensory scores.
Design of an integrated membrane system to produce dairy by‐product from waste processing
Authors: Gaudio Maria Teresa , Curcio Stefano , Chakraborty Sudip 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMembrane technology is used in different applications. In this work, a whey‐based product with a final protein content of 16% has been formulated from Scotta – the last waste of the dairy industry – by cross‐flow ultrafiltration (UF) membrane followed by vacuum evaporation (EV). Until now, Scotta was only revalorized in conjunction with whey and into the biogas production process. It was never revalorized as food in the food supply chain. UF and EV processes led to an overall water amount removed from the whey of 84.9%. A vertical configuration of the polyethersulfone (PES) hollow‐fibre membrane was used in the OUT‐to‐IN structure. At 1.50 bar of pressure with 120 min of time interval, higher permeate flow decay has been obtained with a further reduction of the microbiological environments. A combination of intermediate and standard blocking seems to happen in all membranes, but concentration polarisation (CP) may be neglected for membranes with high fibres. The best EV operating conditions have been obtained at ten bars, with 37°C of the heating bath and 2.5 h of time, further preventing microorganism formation and protein denaturation. For future applications of Scotta revalorized in a food, it would be interesting to investigate the use of the multistage methods of membrane and evaporators to obtain a low specific energy consumption and to reduce costs further.
Effects of frozen temperature and multiple freeze–thaw cycles on gel structure, protein and lipid oxidation and formation of advanced glycation end‐products in unwashed silver carp surimi
Authors: Li Jiayi , Niu Lihong , Yu Jian , Wang Faxiang , Li Xianghong , Huang Yiqun , Liu Yongle 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe effects of frozen temperature (−18 or −60 °C) and multiple freeze–thaw (FT) cycles on the gel structure, protein denaturation and oxidation, lipid oxidation and formation of protein‐bound Nε‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε‐carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in unwashed silver carp surimi were investigated. The levels of CML and CEL in raw and heat‐treated surimi increased due to multiple FT treatment, which were positively correlated with the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content that also increased during FT cycles, and negatively correlated with the total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+‐ATPase activity that decreased during FT cycles. Besides, the gel structure of unwashed surimi was improved by 3 FT cycles and frozen at −60 °C, which was significantly helpful to inhibit the formation of protein carbonyl and CEL in raw surimi, but showed no significant influence on the TBARS and CML levels as compared to that at −18 °C.
Pneumolysin suppresses the initial macrophage pro‐inflammatory response to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Periselneris Jimstan , Turner Carolin T. , Ercoli Giuseppe , Szylar Gabriella , Weight Caroline M. , Thurston Teresa , Whelan Matthew , Tomlinson Gillian , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Brown Jeremy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPublished data for the Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor Pneumolysin (Ply) show contradictory effects on the host inflammatory response to infection. Ply has been shown to activate the inflammasome, but also can bind to MRC‐1 resulting in suppression of dendritic cell inflammatory responses. We have used an in vitro infection model of human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM), and a mouse model of pneumonia to clarify whether pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory effects dominate the effects of Ply on the initial macrophage inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae, and the consequences during early lung infection. We found that infection with S. pneumoniae expressing Ply suppressed tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐6 production by MDMs compared to cells infected with ply‐deficient S. pneumoniae. This effect was independent of bacterial effects on cell death. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated S. pneumoniae expressing Ply caused a qualitatively similar but quantitatively lower MDM transcriptional response to S. pneumoniae compared to ply‐deficient S. pneumoniae, with reduced expression of TNF and type I IFN inducible genes. Reduction of the MDM inflammatory response was prevented by inhibition of SOCS1. In the early lung infection mouse model, the TNF response to ply‐deficient S. pneumoniae was enhanced and bacterial clearance increased compared to infection with wild‐type S. pneumoniae. Overall, these data show Ply inhibits the initial macrophage inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae, probably mediated through SOCS1, and this was associated with improved immune evasion during early lung infection.
Delivering the goods? German industrial relations institutions during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Behrens Martin , Pekarek Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused labor market disruptions at an unprecedented scale and is akin to a stress test for industrial relations institutions. Drawing on a large‐scale (n = 6111) study of German employees, we empirically investigate whether and how the two institutions comprising Germany's dual system of employee representation—works councils and collective bargaining—have delivered on their protective potential and mitigated the impact of the pandemic on workers. We demonstrate that employees in representative environments fare better on a range of protective outcomes.
Study of visible, NIR, and MIR spectroscopic properties of Er3+‐doped tellurite glasses and glass–ceramics
Authors: Lemiere Arnaud , Bondzior Bartosz , Aromäki Iisa , Petit Laeticia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the structural, thermal, optical, and spectroscopic properties of Er3+‐doped tellurite glasses with the composition 68.25TeO2–19.5ZnO–9.75X–2.5Er2O3(in mol%) with X = BaO, Na2O, and Bi2O3are reported. The glasses were prepared using the standard melt quenching method. The investigated glasses exhibit low phonon energy (∼745 cm−1) and low glass transition temperature varying between 300 and 350°C depending on the glass composition. The Raman spectra show a regular tellurite structure with variations in the number of bridging and non‐bridging oxygens depending on the glass composition, the Na2O and Bi2O3‐containing glasses having the most and the least polymerized network, respectively. A thermal treatment of the glasses leads to the formation of crystals, the composition of which depends on the glass composition, as revealed by X‐ray diffraction analysis and confirmed using scanning electron microscope‐energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. The precipitation of Er‐containing crystals in the Na2O and BaO‐containing glasses leads to an increase in the intensity of the upconversion emissions. Although the Er3+ions remain in the amorphous part of the Bi2O3‐containing glass after heat treatment, it is the precipitation of Bi3.2Te0.8O6.4crystals in this glass, which is thought to decrease the distance between the Er3+ions leading to an increase in the intensity of the upconversion and mid‐infrared emissions.
Na2Ca3Si2O8 or γ‐Na2Ca6Si4O15? A hybrid approach combining 3D single‐crystal electron and powder X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Vinke Jonathan , Krüger Hannes , Ito Sho , Schürmann Christian J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhase assemblages of mixtures containing Na2CO3, CaCO3, and SiO2 in the molar ratio 1:3:2 have been studied at elevated temperatures. Synthesis experiments have been performed at 1000, 1100, and 1200°C within a differential thermal analysis (DTA‐TGA) apparatus. Mass losses during heating and annealing periods of the high‐temperature treatment have been investigated in situ using thermogravimetry. For the run at 1200°C, the solid‐state reactions resulted in almost phase pure polycrystalline material of a previously unknown high‐temperature polymorph of Na2Ca6Si4O15, whose formation was triggered by significant Na2O losses at the reaction temperature. The new so‐called γ‐phase has been structurally characterized by a combination of 3D single‐crystal electron and powder X‐ray diffraction. Basic crystallographic data at ambient conditions are as follows: monoclinic symmetry, space group C 2, a = 17.2066(1) Å, b = 5.47863(3) Å, c = 7.32583(4) Å, β = 91.435(4)°, V = 690.38(1) Å3, Z = 2. Structure solution was accomplished by electron diffraction, whereas the subsequent refinement calculations were based on the Rietveld method using high‐resolution data from a laboratory powder diffractometer. Similar to the other two already known Na2Ca6Si4O15 modifications, the crystal structure of the γ‐phase contains both [Si2O7] dimers and insular [SiO4] moieties. Tetrahedra and [CaO6] octahedra form a three‐dimensional framework whose topological characteristics have been studied. The remaining Ca and Na cations are located on five symmetrically independent positions located in cavities of the network. There are sufficiently strong arguments that previously described “triclinic Na2Ca3Si2O8” is actually misinterpreted γ‐Na2Ca6Si4O15 and that a sodium calcium silicate with a molar ratio of Na2O:CaO:SiO2 = 1:3:2 does probably not exist. Our investigation is an excellent example that 3D electron diffraction has transformed from an exotic technique for crystal‐structure determination into an indispensable method for problems where small sizes of the crystallites is an issue.