bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong equality of Roman and perfect Roman Domination in trees
Authors: Shao Zehui , Kosari Saeed , Rahbani Hadi , Sharifzadeh Mehdi , Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud 
Published: January 2022

A Roman dominating function (RD-function) on a graph G = (V, E) is a function f : V → {0, 1, 2} satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which f(v) = 2. An Roman dominating function f in a graph G is perfect Roman dominating function (PRD-function) if every vertex u with f(u) = 0 is adjacent to exactly one vertex v for which f(v) = 2. The (perfect) Roman domination number γR(G) (γpR(G)) is the minimum weight of an (perfect) Roman dominating function on G. We say that γpR(G) strongly equals γR(G), denoted by γpR(G) ≡ γR(G), if every RD-function on G of minimum weight is a PRD-function. In this paper we show that for a given graph G, it is NP-hard to decide whether γpR(G) = γR(G) and also we provide a constructive characterization of trees T with γpR(T) ≡ γR(T).
Evaluation of a four-week Adjunct Compensatory Training for the treatment of climbing-specific overstrain syndromes of the shoulder
Authors: Grohnert Laura Sofie , Bonato Marcellus , Schöffl Volker 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Although climbing is an increasingly popular sport, there is a lack of scientific evaluation of suitable training methods for climbers, especially with a view to prevention and rehabilitation. A specific rehabilitation program, Adjunct Compensatory Training (ACT), has recently been presented, but it has not been evaluated scientifically to date.
Objective To investigate the effects of Adjunct Compensatory Training on climbing-specific overstrain syndromes of the shoulder.
Methods Twenty active boulderers and climbers with an average age of 28.9 (± 7.4) years performed a guided shoulder program of six specific exercises from the ACT program over a period of four weeks. They were examined before and after the intervention. Pre- and post-interventional measurements included the Constant-Murley Score, the QuickDASH Score and the measurement of shoulder ROM (range of motion).
Results The Constant-Murley Score increased from 82 (± 10.0) to 104.1 (± 8.2) at follow-up (p < 0.001). The VAS value for bouldering and climbing decreased from 5.25 (± 1.4) before to 2.4 (± 1.6) after the intervention (p < 0.001). Shoulder flexion increased from 167.5 (± 14.9) to 173.1 (± 7.7) after the intervention (p < 0.05), abduction from 172.5 (± 14.9) to 179.6 (± 5.9) (n. s.), external rotation from neutral zero position from 77.6 (± 16.8) to 86.3 ± (8.3) (p < 0.05). Feasibility and acceptance of the intervention were good. Ninety-five percent of the participants continued to exercise, and 100 percent recommended the program to others.
Conclusion The ACT led to an improvement in pain, activities of daily living, range of motion and strength in boulderers and climbers with overstrain symptoms of the shoulder. It is also classified as a realistically feasible workout. The extent to which this effect will continue, and whether or not the program can prevent injuries, remains to be seen. It can only be presumed that regular exercises prevent shoulder injuries in the climbing population.
Komplementär- und alternativmedizinische Angebote von
Lehrpraxen für Allgemeinmedizin
Authors: Hübner Jutta , Ciarlo Gianluca , Dubois Clara , Münstedt Karsten , Micke Oliver , Büntzel Jens , Klein Michael , Josfeld Lena , Keinki Christian 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die neue Approbationsordnung für Ärzte in
Deutschland fordert verstärkt Hospitationen Medizinstudierender in
allgemeinmedizinischen Lehrpraxen. Diese Studie soll einen Überblick
geben, in welchem Ausmaß komplementär- und
alternativmedizinischen Verfahren in deutschen Lehrpraxen angeboten werden und
ob sie den Kriterien evidenzbasierter Medizin entsprechen. Orientierung an
letzteren ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die Qualifikation zur
Lehrpraxis.
Methodik Nach systematischer Suche nach anerkannten Lehrpraxen der
Fakultäten wurden deren Diagnostik- und Therapieangebote über
die Praxis-Webseiten erfasst und unterschieden zwischen evidenzbasierter
Komplementärmedizin und Alternativmedizin ohne oder mit umstrittener
Evidenzbasierung.
Ergebnisse Über die Hälfte der 4102 erfassten Lehrpraxen
bot mindestens ein Verfahren aus dem komplementär- und/oder
alternativmedizinischen Bereich an. Darunter waren überwiegend durch die
Ärztekammer anerkannte Zusatzbezeichnungen. Alternativmedizinische
Verfahren wurden in 18,2% der Praxen angeboten.
Schlussfolgerung Sammelbegriffe und strittige Evidenzlagen erschweren eine
Einordnung der Verfahren. Das Angebot nicht-evidenzbasierter Therapien in
Lehrpraxen wirft die Frage nach einem Widerspruch zwischen der Rekrutierung
vieler neuer Lehrpraxen und der Qualität der Lehre auf. Eindeutige
Angebote der Alternativmedizin sollten zur Disqualifikation als Lehrpraxis
führen. Umstrittene Verfahren könnten zumindest im Rahmen der
akademischen Lehre und der Facharztweiterbildung in Bezug auf EbM-Kriterien und
Kommunikationskompetenz unterrichtet werden, sodass junge Mediziner und
Ärzte auf die Gespräche mit den Patienten vorbereitet sind.
Establishment of organoids using residual samples from saline flushes during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ikezawa Kenji , Ekawa Tomoya , Hasegawa Shinichiro , Kai Yugo , Takada Ryoji , Yamai Takuo , Fukutake Nobuyasu , Ogawa Hisataka , Akazawa Takashi , Mizote Yu , Tatsumi Kumiko , Nagata Shigenori , Asukai Kei , Takahashi Hidenori , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Tahara Hideaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims In patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), patient-derived organoid cultures can be useful tools for personalized drug selection and preclinical evaluation of novel therapies. To establish a less invasive method of creating organoids from a patient’s tumor, we examined whether PC organoids can be established using residual samples from saline flushes (RSSFs) during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).
Methods Five patients with PC who underwent EUS-FNA were enrolled in a prospective study conducted at our institution. RSSFs obtained during EUS-FNA procedures were collected. An organoid culture was considered as established when ≥ 5 passages were successful. Organoid-derived xenografts were created using established organoids.
Results EUS-FNA was performed using a 22- or 25-gauge lancet needle without complications. Patient-derived organoids were successfully established in four patients (80.0 %) with the complete medium and medium for the selection of KRAS mutants. Organoid-derived xenografts were successfully created and histologically similar to EUS-FNA samples.
Conclusions Patient-derived PC organoids were successfully established using EUS-FNA RSSFs, which are produced as a byproduct of standard manipulations, but are usually not used for diagnosis. This method can be applied to all patients with PC, without additional invasive procedures, and can contribute to the development of personalized medicine and molecular research.
Towards Rare-Functionalized N-Alkenyl-1H-pyrroles via Regioselectively Metalated N-Isopropenyl-1H-pyrroles
Authors: Tarasova Ol'ga A. , Trofimov Boris A. , Maximova Marina A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Nedolya Nina A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeprotonative metalation of N-isopropenyl-1H-pyrroles with superbases followed by trapping with a variety of electrophiles was studied as an effective tool for the regioselective functionalization of 1H-pyrroles.
Surgical Management of Impacted Lower Second Molars: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Selvido Diane Isabel , Wongsirichat Nattharin , Arirachakaran Pratanporn , Rokaya Dinesh , Wongsirichat Natthamet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImpacted lower second molars (ILM2) are rarely reported in the literature, but various studies have been done for its treatment. Apart from solely orthodontic approaches, different surgical management techniques were reported to have successful outcomes. Surgical intervention of ILM2 can help expose the tooth for further orthodontic purposes, simplifying complex treatment methods, and reducing treatment time. This review illustrates the comprehensive evaluation and updated methods of surgical uprighting, repositioning, and transplantation of ILM2 with future directions for better understanding and treatment planning in the clinical setting. The successful outcome of surgical intervention depends on case selection, root development of ILM2, careful surgical manipulation, and adherence to sound biological principles.
Decision-Making Criteria of Odontectomy or Surgical Exposure in Impacted Maxillary Canine Based on Treatment Difficulty Index Modification
Authors: Gunardi Olivia Jennifer , Danudiningrat Coen Pramono , Rizqiawan Andra , Mulyawan Indra , Amir Muhammad Subhan , Kamadjaja David Buntoro , Sumarta Ni Putu Mira , Anugraha Ganendra , Fessi Reza Al , Barus Liska , Ono Shigehiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective Canine impaction is a difficult condition to treat, and it usually necessitates a combination of surgical exposure and orthodontic traction or surgical extraction. An accurate assessment of the maxillary canine's position can help determine the severity of the impaction, the difficulty of therapy, and the treatment's prognosis.
Materials and Methods A total of 55 impacted canines were studied and selected retrospectively. Difficulty indexes were used to measure the severity of impaction with pretreatment panoramic radiographs.
Statistical Analysis Pearson correlation was used to test the validity of the difficulty index modification score. Regression statistical analysis was used to evaluate any correlation between total scoring from each index with surgical treatment.
Results The validity test on the variable modification index score showed a valid value (p = 0.000). According to both treatment difficulty and modification index, odontectomy group showed higher mean of total scoring than surgical exposure group. Treatment difficulty and modification index showed a significant correlation with surgical treatment (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001).
Conclusions The higher the severity of canine impaction, the greater is the possibility of odontectomy than surgical exposure. Both indexes can consider to be used in determining surgical treatment planning.
Recurrence and Metachronous Disease in Children with Benign Ovarian Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Braungart Sarah , Smith Charlotte Victoria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim The majority of ovarian tumors in children are benign, with good prognosis following complete resection. Little is published on the incidence of tumor recurrence and metachronous disease, and follow-up management of children with benign ovarian tumors (BOTs) remains a matter of debate. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the incidence and timing of recurrence and metachronous disease in children with BOTs in pediatric literature.
Methods Comprehensive literature searches of the English literature (PubMed, OVID, EMBASE databases) from inception to present according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Outcomes for tumor recurrence and metachronous disease were synthesized.
Results Nineteen studies comprising 1,069 patients with BOTs were included in the analysis. All studies were retrospective cohort studies of children less than 18 years old. A total of 56 events of recurrence or metachronous disease were reported in these patients. The overall risk of recurrence/metachronous event occurrence was 5.2%/2.9%. Seventy-five percent of events occurred within the first 4 years following resection.
Conclusion Although the studies identified are few and heterogeneous, they demonstrate a significant risk of tumor recurrence and metachronous disease for children following resection of a BOT.Especially following total unilateral oophorectomy, these children are at risk of losing the contralateral ovary in case of metachronous disease.Immediate discharge from follow-up, therefore, does not appear safe. The majority of events occurred within the first 4 years following resection. Follow-up for children following resection of a BOT should, therefore, be continued for a minimum of 4 years following surgery. Larger, long-term prospective studies are required to more accurately determine the true incidence and long-term outcomes for children and adolescents with these tumors.
Spinal Dysraphisms: A New Anatomical–Clinicoradiological Classification
Authors: Chellathurai Amarnath , Kathirvelu Gopinathan , Mukkada Philson J. , Rajendran Kiruthika , Ramani Rajashree 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Spinal dysraphisms refer to the congenital abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord due to aberrations in the processes of gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation. Embryology of many complex spinal dysraphisms are yet poorly understood and there is no agreeable anatomical–clinicoradiological classification with inclusion of recently documented and complex spinal dysraphisms.
Aims and Objectives The main objective of this study was to review the imaging features of spinal dysraphisms with a better understanding of embryological abnormalities and propose a new classification inclusive of all complex and unusual dysraphisms based on anatomical and clinicoradiological correlation.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective single institutional observational study of 391 cases of spinal dysraphism for 10 years in our institution. Of 391 cases included in the study, 204 were males and 187 were females. Also, 123 cases belonged to the 0–6 months age group, 38 cases belonged to the 7–12 months age group, 156 belonged to the 1–5 years age group, 39 cases belonged to the 6–10 years age group, and 35 cases belonged to 10–20 years age group.
Results An anatomical–clinicoradiological analysis of cases yielded a high proportion of cases of spinal lipomas, including lipomyeloceles and lipomyelomeningoceles (31.3%) and posterior myelomeningocele (14.2%). Anterior myelocoele (0.2%), sacral chordoma(0.2%), and intrasacral meningocele (0.2%) formed the least proportion of cases. A new classification was proposed based on the analysis of acquired data.
Conclusion A structured approach in imaging spinal dysraphism is necessary for imaging evaluation in recent years. The proposed new classification based on clinicoradiological correlation and anatomic location is inclusive of unusual and complex dysraphisms.
The Use of Artificial Neural Networks for the Prediction of Surgical Site Infection Following TKA
Authors: Yeo Ingwon , Klemt Christian , Robinson Matthew Gerald , Esposito John G. , Uzosike Akachimere Cosmas , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis is a retrospective study. Surgical site infection (SSI) is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, accurately predicting SSI remains a clinical challenge due to the multitude of patient and surgical factors associated with SSI. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models for the prediction of SSI following primary TKA. This is a retrospective study for patients who underwent primary TKA. Chart review was performed to identify patients with superficial or deep SSIs, defined in concordance with the criteria of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years (range: 2.1–4.7 years). Five machine learning algorithms were developed to predict this outcome, and model assessment was performed by discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis. A total of 10,021 consecutive primary TKA patients was included in this study. At an average follow-up of 2.8 ± 1.1 years, SSIs were reported in 404 (4.0%) TKA patients, including 223 superficial SSIs and 181 deep SSIs. The neural network model achieved the best performance across discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.84), calibration, and decision curve analysis. The strongest predictors of the occurrence of SSI following primary TKA, in order, were Charlson comorbidity index, obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), and smoking. The neural network model presented in this study represents an accurate method to predict patient-specific superficial and deep SSIs following primary TKA, which may be employed to assist in clinical decision-making to optimize outcomes in at-risk patients.
Subtemporal Approach and Its Infratentorial Extension: Review and a Comparative Analysis of Different Techniques
Authors: Dziedzic Tomasz Andrzej , Abhinav Kumar , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Surgical resection of lesions occupying the incisural space is challenging. In a comparative fashion, we aimed to describe the anatomy and surgical approaches to the tentorial incisura and to the rostral brainstem via the intradural subtemporal approach and its infratentorial extensions.
Methods Six fresh human head specimens (12 sides) were prepared for the microscopic dissection of the tentorial incisura using the intradural subtemporal approach and its infratentorial extensions. Endoscope was used to examine the anatomy of the region inadequately exposed with the microscope. Image-guided navigation was used to confirm bony structures visualized around the petrous apex.
Results Standard subtemporal approach provides surgical access to the supratentorial brainstem above the pontomesencephalic sulcus and to the lateral surface of the cerebral peduncle. The linear or triangular tentorial divisions can provide access to the infratentorial space below the pontomesencephalic sulcus. The triangular tentorial flap in comparison with the linear incision obstructs the exposure of anterior incisural space and of the prepontine cistern. Visualization of the brainstem below the trigeminal nerve can be achieved by the anterior petrosectomy.
Conclusion Infratentorial extension of the intradural subtemporal approach is technically demanding due to critical neurovascular structures and a relatively narrow corridor. In-depth anatomical knowledge is essential for the selection of the appropriate operative approach and safe surgical resections of lesions.
A Retrospective Analysis of Psychiatric Presurgical Evaluation of Children and Adolescents Evaluated for Epilepsy Surgery in a Comprehensive Epilepsy Care Unit of Mumbai
Authors: Sawant Neena S. , Singh Suraj S. , Mahajan Sachin , Ravat Sangeeta H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground Epilepsy being one of the most prevalent neurological diseases in children is associated with psychopathology and academic concerns. Epilepsy surgery is considered for refractory epilepsy at some centers in India and hence this study was undertaken to find out prevalence and type of psychopathology in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy before epilepsy surgery.Methods All data were analyzed from the records of patients undergoing preepilepsy surgery protocol workup in comprehensive center of epilepsy care at a general municipal hospital in Mumbai. A record of 150 children and adolescents in the age group of 3 to 18 years over a period of 10 years was taken and all details of demographics, epilepsy, and psychopathology were recorded.Results The mean age for our sample was 11.4 ± 3.4 years and a male preponderance was seen. Majority (80%) of the children were pursuing education. The duration of seizure disorder was approximately 4.41 + 2.36 years and complex partial seizures were seen commonly in 50% of the children. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and video electroencephalography (VEEG) findings revealed right sided lateralization followed by left in majority of the patients. Psychopathology was seen in 70 (46%) patients with mental retardation, hyperkinetic disorders affecting attention and activity and oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified mental disorder due to underlying brain damage being the type of International Classification of Disease-10th Revision (ICD-10) disorders seen. Patients with psychopathology showed a left-sided predominance on their MRI and VEEG findings for laterality of the epileptogenic focus as compared with right side.Conclusion Refractory seizures and associated psychopathology impact family life, friendships, and academics and worsen prognosis and quality of life. Screening for psychopathology in children with epilepsy would therefore lead to better outcomes especially prior to epilepsy surgery.
Effect of sleep and mood on academic performance—at interface of physiology, psychology, and education
Authors: Mehta Kosha J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcademic achievement and cognitive functions are influenced by sleep and mood/emotion. In addition, several other factors affect learning. A coherent overview of the resultant interrelationships is essential but has not been presented till date. This unique and interdisciplinary review sits at the interface of physiology, psychology, and education. It compiles and critically examines the effects of sleep and mood on cognition and academic performance while including relevant conflicting observations. Moreover, it discusses the impact of several regulatory factors on learning, namely, age, gender, diet, hydration level, obesity, sex hormones, daytime nap, circadian rhythm, and genetics. Core physiological mechanisms that mediate the effects of these factors are described briefly and simplistically. The bidirectional relationship between sleep and mood is addressed. Contextual pictorial models that hypothesise learning on an emotion scale and emotion on a learning scale have been proposed. Essentially, convoluted associations between physiological and psychological factors, including sleep and mood that determine academic performance are recognised and affirmed. The emerged picture reveals far more complexity than perceived. It questions the currently adopted ‘one-size fits all’ approach in education and urges to envisage formulating bespoke strategies to optimise teaching-learning approaches while retaining uniformity in education. The information presented here can help improvise education strategies and provide better academic and pastoral support to students during their academic journey.
Thermodynamic controls on rates of iron oxide reduction by extracellular electron shuttles
Authors: Aeppli Meret , Giroud Sébastien , Vranic Sanja , Voegelin Andreas , Hofstetter Thomas B. , Sander Michael 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Under anoxic conditions, various microorganisms couple the oxidation of organic carbon to the reduction of solid ferric iron oxide phases using extracellular electron shuttles (EES). Determining the contribution of this widespread terminal electron accepting process to total anaerobic respiration has proven challenging because of large variations in observed ferric iron reduction rates. This study demonstrates that rates of ferric iron oxide reduction by EES can be rationalized based on a unifying relationship that links rates to the thermodynamic driving force for the least favorable electron transfer from the EES to ferric iron. The relationship derived herein allows for a generalized and precise assessment of the contribution of EES-facilitated ferric iron oxide reduction to organic matter decomposition in anoxic environments.