bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of covert investigative (investigative) actions in proving criminal offenses related to drug trafficking
Authors: Pomaz Ya.O. 
Published: August 2022

The article conducts a scientific study of the significance of the institute of covert investigative (investigative) actions (hereinafter - CI(S)A) during the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses related to the sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues.
The introduction of the institution of CI(S)A is a novelty of the criminal procedure legislation, which gave a significant impetus to the disclosure of this category of criminal offenses. In general, the widespread use of CI(S)A during the pre-trial investigation of these crimes indicates the difficulty of proving this category of criminal proceedings.
The article also reflects statistical data on the number of requests of investigators and / or prosecutors for permission to conduct CI(S)A by investigative judges.
The author clarified the cases in which the relevant CI(S)A, as well as the general timing of their conduct. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the vast majority of CI(S)A are conducted in criminal proceedings exclusively for serious or particularly serious crimes.
The system of CI(S)A has been established, which is determined by the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine and, among other things, the main types of investigative actions carried out by the pre-trial investigation body during recording the facts of sale of banned substances have been identified.
The authorized subjects to whose competence the right to make the decision on granting of the permission for carrying out CI(S)A are defined. Also, the range of entities that have the right in accordance with the provisions of the CPC of Ukraine to conduct CI(S)A.
It was found that the recording of the course and results of the CI(S)A must comply with the general rules of recording criminal proceedings, and their results are used in evidence on the same grounds as the results of other investigative (search) actions. In general, CI(S)A is one of the ways to gather evidence in the sense of the provisions of Art. 93 of the CPC of Ukraine.
Some conclusions were made based on the results of a study of certain types of emergency situations, and it was found that the latter is one of the most effective ways to combat illicit drug trafficking in the country.
Judicial control over the discretional powers of public authorities
Authors: Stroha Ye. , Dovhaliyk Y. 
Published: August 2022

An important place in the current conditions of decentralization of public power in Ukraine belongs to the issue of discretionary powers as an opportunity for the government to act at its own discretion. This possibility, as the authors note, is provided by the law itself, and the latter for some reason do not contain a definition of "discretion", which in turn complicates the legal definition of the content of these powers. Therefore, the authors analyze and present in the article several concepts formed by scientists and international organizations, and point to the need to establish a normative definition of "discretion".
The article states that in foreign law the issue of discretionary powers is also actively explored, in the context of administrative or judicial discretion.
In addition to the interpretation of the content of "discretionary powers", the authors also reveal issues related to the regulation of relations in the implementation of the latter. Yes, it is emphasized that the existence of any "discretion" is permissible and in line with the rule of law, but it directly requires the establishment of boundaries and judicial control.
The purpose of limiting "discretion" is to prevent arbitrariness of both public authorities and local governments. Because the application of discretion should not contradict universal principles and the principles of public service, but also correspond to the task for which such discretion was applied.
This position is also expressed by the European Court of Human Rights in its judgments, in particular in the case of Volokh v. Ukraine of 2 June 2006. Thus, the Court notes: "granting public authorities and their officials legal discretion in the form of unlimited power does not comply with the rule of law". Therefore, most states create effective mechanisms of control over discretion. In Ukraine, this obligation is assigned to administrative courts, in accordance with the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine.
Some issues of administrative offenses
Authors: Pavlovska N. 
Published: August 2022

The article examines the study of the content and structure of administrative offenses (torts) during martial law, specifies their theoretical and practical basis.
A detailed analysis of the stages of administrative offenses during martial law is considered, the accumulated scientific information and empirical base are summarized and based on them scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for improving their legal regulation, eliminating existing gaps and conflicts, and identifies areas their further development.
It is claimed that administrative offenses (torts) during martial law are an independent institution of administrative law. The types of administrative penalties applied for committing administrative military offenses are determined.
It is determined that the special period is the period from the moment of announcing the decision on mobilization (except the target) or bringing it to the executors of covert mobilization or from the moment of martial law in Ukraine or in some localities and covers mobilization time, wartime and partially rebuilding period after the end of hostilities.
Military administrative offenses (torts) include: refusal to comply with the lawful requirements of the commander (chief) of Art. 172-10 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; unauthorized leaving of a military unit or place of service of Art. 172-11 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; careless destruction or damage to military property Art. 172-12 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; abuse of power or official position by a military official of Art. 172-13 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; excess of power or official authority by a military official of Art. 172-14 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; careless attitude to military service Art. 172-15 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; inaction of the military authorities Art. 172-16 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; violation of the rules of combat duty of Art. 172-17 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; violation of the rules of border service of Art. 172-18 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; violation of the rules of handling weapons, as well as ammunition, explosives, other substances and objects that pose an increased danger to the environment of Art. 172-19 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; drinking alcoholic, low-alcohol beverages or using drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues. 172-20 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses.
On the issue of criminal liability for domestic violence.
Authors: Pankevich VM , Sukhorebra TI 
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the norm of the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the field of criminal law counteraction to domestic violence. It is determined that criminal liability for domestic violence is enshrined in Article 126-1 of Section II of the Special Part "Criminal offenses against life and health of a person" of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is concluded that the subject of social relations that ensure life, physical integrity and health of a person is a group of "natural" human rights to life, physical integrity and health. This conclusion demonstrates the inconsistency of the title of Section II of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to the group of public relations, which are placed under its criminal protection, on the consolidation of criminal liability for domestic violence. Therefore, it is concluded that the criminal law, which provides for liability for domestic violence, in a separate additional section of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, along with other criminal offenses that encroach on family law, including Articles 150-1, 151-2, 164-169 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is noted that the set of criminal offenses should be classified as domestic violence related to torture (Article 127 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), a qualified type of beatings and killings (Part 2 of Article 126 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), a qualified threat of murder Article 129 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional infliction of moderate and grievous bodily harm, leading to suicide (Articles 120-122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and premeditated murder (Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). At the same time, the task of domestic violence of intentional light bodily harm (Article 125 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), as well as the main composition of beatings and beatings (Part 1 of Article 126 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and the main composition of the threat of murder ) does not require qualification in the aggregate. It is noted that one of the shortcomings of the legal definition of domestic violence is a sign of systematicity, the interpretation of which is left to the discretion of law enforcement practice. In addition, the legislator did not disclose specific methods of domestic violence, and the very composition of the offense, being material, contains consequences, the essence of which is very difficult to establish. The shortcomings of the legislative structure of Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine include the lack of qualified and especially qualified signs of domestic violence, which does not allow to effectively differentiate the use of criminal remedies, exercising the right of judicial discretion.
Violation of international legal obligations by the United Nations in the context of armed aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine
Authors: Zhukorska Ya.M. 
Published: August 2022

On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation launched a direct armed aggression against Ukraine. Russia is a member of the United Nations and a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
In this article, the author attempts to establish a violation of the international legal obligations of the United Nations as an international organization whose purpose is to maintain international peace and security. The author analyses the notion of violation of international legal obligations by an international organization, based on comments on the Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts approved by the UN General Assembly in 2001 and the Articles on International Responsibility of International Organizations Approved in 2011. And then considers the UN's commitment under the Charter to maintain international peace and security.
The author notes that in the case of aggression by the Russian Federation Security Council does not perform its functions of identifying any threat to peace, breach of peace or act of aggression and does not make recommendations or decisions that can be classified as inaction, as it is the responsibility of states to maintaining international peace and security.
In fact, the UN's obligations to member states under the Charter can only be considered a minimum standard for maintaining international peace and security. Especially given the development of the concept of responsibility for protection.
If we compare the actual behaviour of the subject with the behaviour required by the Charter, the UN acts in the event of armed aggression in Ukraine, without taking any "effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression " as stated in paragraph 1 of Article 1 of the UN Charter, or at least does not take the necessary measures due diligence.
The actual inaction of the UN in defending the principles of international law, especially the principle of non-use of force and threat of force, indicates the loss of its authority and influence. Russia's armed aggression has created a crisis in the United Nations, or rather a crisis of its effectiveness, which gives every reason to question the need for an international organization that cannot ensure the main purpose of its creation.
Renewal of WTO law and ensuring the right to international order: modern discourse
Authors: Kupchenia L.I. 
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the essence of the international order and lists the participants in international relations that guarantee it. The system of law of the WTO, the history of its formation and current state are separately described, the necessity of its updating is substantiated and it is offered to carry out codification of norms of law of the WTO. For this purpose the actual legal basis of activity of the WTO is investigated, the basic normative documents are resulted. It seems that some ways of solving problems of the international order by diplomatic means and by providing consultations used by the WTO were justified in the context of the global economic crisis, COVID-19 and military aggression as temporary, but should give way to rule-making and judicial mechanisms of ordering the social processes in general and international trade in particular. As the maintenance of the international order depends only in part on such a separate subject of international law as the WTO, the main goals of sustainable development are also listed, the realization of which guarantees stability in the world, which should be the basis of modern international order. It is clear that the goals of sustainable development will be realized, thus bring stability to the international order, restore harmony in nature, balance in social relations will be specific individuals and communities, so understanding the essence of current global social processes is extremely important, and this indicates the relevance of the study.
In general, this work is based on the assertion of the importance enshrined in Art. 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of December 10, 1948, the right of everyone to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI SISWA SMKN 1 PASAMAN, KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Nelisma Yulia , Sasnita Aydha fifi , Irman Irman , Silvianetri Silvianetri , Susanti Hariah 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas belajar dengan prestasi siswa aktivitas tersebut diatas peneliti berpendapat bahwa dalam belajar sangat dituntut keaktifan siswa, siswa yang lebih banyak melakukan kegiatan sedangkan guru lebih banyak membimbing dan mengarahkan siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis eksplorasi subjektif, khususnya pendekatan eksplorasi yang dikoordinasikan untuk memahami keanehan yang dilihat oleh analis di lokasi eksplorasi, untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan dua sumber data yaitu data primer dan data sekunder, dari hipotesis di atas, sangat terlihat bahwa subjek eksplorasi adalah individu atau elemen yang diingat untuk ditinjau untuk memperoleh informasi yang diperlukan oleh ilmuwan. Subjek dalam ulasan ini adalah instruktur pengarah, dan siswa
STRATEGI MENGOPTIMALKAN PERAN DPS DALAM PENEGAKAN PRINSIP SYARIAH DI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Hidayatullah Muhammad Syarif 
Published: August 2022

Islamic Financial Institutions are financial institutions whose operations are based on sharia principles. The business that is run must not have prohibited elements in its financial transactions such as riba, maysir and gharar. The presence of a Sharia economic fatwa issued by DSN-MUI becomes a guideline for LKS in formulating its financial products to be in accordance with sharia contracts. To maintain the implementation of sharia principles in LKS, there is a Sharia Supervisory Board as a representation of DSN-MUI whose position acts as a sharia compliance supervisor who is in charge of maintaining conformity between the DSN-MUI fatwa and the practice of financial products in LKS. The study in this paper aims to analyze the existence of DPS in LKS and then try to formulate strategies to optimize the role of DPS in controlling shariah compliance. The existence of DPS in LKS has a very important position in controlling shariah compliance and strategies that can be carried out in optimizing its role such as socializing about the role of DPS actively so that there is no more confusion about how the role of DPS, the selection of DPS which must prioritize capabilities (mastering contemporary Islamic economics and finance and fiqh muamalah) rather than just figuration, Furthermore, strengthening the position of DPS in order to have independence so that it is safe from potential intervention in the implementation of its duties.
Garment Image Retrieval based on Grab Cut Auto Segmentation and Dominate Color Method
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Yan , Chen Dongsheng , Lv Jia , Alshalabi Riyad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Targeted at the harmful effects of garment image retrieval at present, a new approach of garment image retrieval featured in satisfactory performance is proposed. In this study, the Grab Cut auto segmentation algorithm is applied first to segment garment images and extract the image’s foreground. And then, the color coherence vector (CCV) and the dominant color method are adopted to extract the color features to conduct garment image retrieval. The experimental data show that the Grab Cut auto segmentation algorithm is capable of extracting the foreground of garment images with either simple or complex background. Meanwhile, the data also indicate that compared with the garment image retrieval by extracting color features using CCV, extracting color features by dominating color method shows both higher accuracy and recall rates.
Children’s Educational Curriculum Evaluation Management System in Mathematical Equation Model
Authors: Xu Ying , Qeshta Mohammed , Erkir YSarp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on the mathematical equation model of the analytic hierarchy process, the article designs a set of children’s education curriculum scoring management systems. The article clarifies the content of health education curriculum evaluation through investigation and analysis. Optimize the structure of health education curriculum evaluation through continuous refinement of evaluation elements. The article applies the divergence and convergence method to establish secondary indicators through expert evaluation and finds out the problems of the existing children’s education scoring management system through practical application. Finally, relevant opinions were put forward in response to the problem.
Problematika Kewilayahan dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata Kerta
Authors: Niken Niken , Arida I Nyoman Sukma 
Published: August 2022

Kerta Tourism Village is one of tourism village that located in Bali. This tourism village is still in development stage and has some problems. The problems that arise are the problem that can be solved easily to the problems that can hinder the development of tourism village itself. The common problem is that there is no standardization of tourism village so that their development is irregular and the attraction places is in inappropriate areas and can interfere the territory of the village. Base on this condition, the goal of this research is to find out the problem about the territory problematics that exist in developing Kerta Tourism Village.
The research methodology used in this research is qualitative research with qualitative methods. The method are used in-depth interview technique and observation. The technique of determination of informants used is purposive sampling technique. Data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Primary data in this research is sourced from direct observation to the research location by means of observation and interviews. While secondary data in this research are the dataobtainedfromthedocumentationor studieslibrarytocomplementtheprimarydatafromthelocusoftheresearch.
The results of this research showed that the exist problems about territory problematics at Kerta Rural Village are about over function of land, ownership, problematics of garbage and about the spatial rules. Therefore, it is necessary to make rules regarding land ownership and land function, make a warning board not to litter and completing the spatial design.

Keyword: Tourism Village, Territory Problematics, Kerta
Peran Operator Wisata Bahari dan Wisatawan Terhadap Pelestarian Terumbu Karang di Pulau Menjangan Kawasan Taman Nasional Bali Barat
Authors: Wahyuni Ida Ayu Tri , Adikampana I Made 
Published: August 2022

Menjangan Island is a small island located 5 miles northwest of the island of Bali and is part of the West Bali National Park area. Activities that can be carried out by tourists visiting Menjangan Island, namely diving, snorkeling, jungle tracking, walking around Menjangan Island. The condition and condition of good coral reefs on Menjangan Island is certainly inseparable from the role of a person or group in preserving and conserving coral reefs in this island. This study aims to determine how the role of Marine and Tourist Tourism Operators on coral reef preservation on Menjangan Island.This research used a qualitative method with qualitative data analysis techniques. Sources of data from this study come from primary data and secondary data. The results of this study indicate that marine tourism operators and tourists are very instrumental in preserving coral reefs on Menjangan Island because it can be seen from the efforts made to maintain the beauty of the underwater world on Menjangan Island. The form of preservation carried out in the form of providing education to tourists related to how to do snorkeling and diving activities so as not to damage the coral reefs.
Keyword: Roles, Marine Tourism Operators, Tourist, Coral Reef Conservation, Menjangan Island
Respon Desa Adat Terhadap Perkembangan Pariwisata di Desa Adat Manuaba, Desa Kenderan, Kabupaten Gianyar
Authors: Ratni Ni Wayan , Arida I Nyoman Sukma 
Published: August 2022

Various tourist destinations based culture can be found in Bali. One of them is Manuaba villages in Tegalalang Gianyar Regenc. Manuaba is one of the villages which have already started to be influenced by tourism. The majority of the livelihoods of Indigenous Village Manuaba was agriculture. Along with the influx of tourism there is a change in the way the community point of view, investors are starting to get in and the farmers start to sell their land to the investors. Most of the investors build an acomodation on the agricultural land.This research used qualitative methods with of observation techniques, interview techniques and the study of documents. Sample techniques used purposive sampling for determinate informants. Based of the research results that the public began to feel the impact of the changes of the land function. Communities creating a perarem to limit the new building in the agricultural land. There are some suggestions that are proposed to the Government the more sensitive areas to monitor the development of the tourism in Bali.
Key Words : investors, the conversion of agricaltural land functions, tourism, perarem, society.