bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered brain spontaneous and synchronization activity in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A resting‐state functional MRI study
Authors: Miao Yingwen , Wang Jin , Zhang Bing , Zhang Wen , Xu Xiang , Hou Yingjiao , Ding Qun , Yu Congcong , Zhang Zhou , Bi Yan , Zhu Dalong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore the clinical features and spontaneous brain activity among patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and to investigate the relationship among these characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using cognitive assessments and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to evaluate the cognitive function and brain activities of healthy controls (HCs) and patients with LADA. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed on the brain regions that showed significantly different activation in regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis between the two groups. Furthermore, a linear regression model was conducted for the association between metabolism and cognition.ResultsThis study enrolled patients with LADA (and age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched HCs). Patients with LADA had worse cognitive status at the general level and poorer memory than controls. Rs‐fMRI analysis among patients with LADA showed decreased ReHo values in the right occipital lobe and temporal lobe and decreased seed‐based FC in the right parietal lobe compared to those of controls. The seed‐based FC values in the right parietal lobe were positively associated with word fluency and processing speed in patients with LADA. Furthermore, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in patients with LADA.ConclusionsPatients with LADA had worse cognitive function and decreased spontaneous brain activity in the temporal lobe and occipital lobe compared to controls. Moreover, glycolipid metabolism was closely related to brain structure and function in patients with LADA.
Direct actions of dapagliflozin and interactions with LCZ696 and spironolactone on cardiac fibroblasts of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Ortega‐Paz Luis , Cristóbal Helena , Ortiz‐Perez José Tomás , García de Frutos Pablo , Mendieta Guiomar , Sandoval Elena , Rodriguez Juan José , Ortega Emilio , García‐Álvarez Ana , Brugaletta Salvatore , Sabaté Manel , Dantas Ana Paula 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsInhibitors of SGLT2 (SGLT2i) have shown a positive impact in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nonetheless, the direct effects of SGLT2i on cardiac cells and how their association with main drugs used for HFrEF affect the behaviour and signalling pathways of myocardial fibroblasts are still unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of dapagliflozin alone and in combination with sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) or spironolactone on the function of myocardial fibroblasts of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsMyocardial fibroblasts isolated from HFrEF patients (n = 5) were treated with dapagliflozin alone (1 nM–1 μM) or combined with LCZ696 (100 nM) or spironolactone (100 nM). The migratory rate was determined by wound‐healing scratch assay. Expression of heart failure (HF) markers and signalling pathways activation were analysed with multiplexed protein array. Commercially available cardiac fibroblasts from healthy donors were used as Control (n = 4). Fibroblasts from HFrEF show higher migratory rate compared with control (P = 0.0036), and increased expression of HF markers [fold‐change (Log2): COL1A1–1.3; IL‐1b–1.9; IL‐6–1.7; FN1–2.9 (P < 0.05)]. Dapagliflozin slowed the migration rate of HFrEF fibroblasts in a dose‐dependent manner and markedly decreased the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, MMP3, MMP9, GAL3, and FN1. SGLT2i had no effect on control fibroblasts. These effects were associated with decreased phosphorylation of AKT/GSK3 and PYK2 kinases and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). A combination of dapagliflozin + LCZ696 further decreased fibroblast migration, although it did not have a significant effect on the regulation of signalling pathways and the expression of biomarkers induced by SGLT2 inhibition alone. In contrast, the combination of dapagliflozin + spironolactone did not change the migration rate of fibroblast but significantly altered SGLT2i responses on MMP9, GAL3, and IL‐1b expression, in association with increased phosphorylation of the kinases AKT/GSK3 and ERK1/2.ConclusionsSGLT2i, LCZ696, and spironolactone modulate the function of isolated myocardial fibroblasts from HFrEF patients through the activation of different signalling pathways. The combination of SGLT2i + LCZ696 shows an additive effect on migration, while spironolactone modifies the signalling pathways activated by SGLT2i and its beneficial effects of biomarkers of heart failure.
To hit a home run as a heterotopic heart recipient—living with two hearts for over three decades: a case report
Authors: Alyaydin Emyal , Pogoda Christian , Welp Henryk , Dell'Aquila Angelo , Martens Sven , Yilmaz Ali , Reinecke Holger , Sindermann Juergen R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeterotopic heart transplantation (HHT) is an alternative to the orthotopic technique in selected patients with terminal heart failure. We report the case of the longest survival after HHT, with an uneventful follow‐up for over three decades after transplantation. At the age of 25 years, endomyocardial fibrosis following myocarditis rendered the patient's native heart unable to maintain the body's needs. An allograft provided a second chance at life. The HHT technique was favoured due to severe pulmonary hypertension. The patient had an uneventful follow‐up since then. The scarcity of donors and the revolutionary advances in the mechanical circulatory device field restricted the utilization of the HHT technique, but it has the potential to provide an excellent prognosis with a good quality of life.
Efforts and Strategies for the Syntheses of Clavine‐Type Ergot Alkaloid Aurantioclavine
Authors: Ji Cong‐Bin , Hu Xin , Jiang Shi‐Zhi , Yang Jin‐Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAurantioclavine, isolated by Kozlovskii from Penicillium aurantiovirens, is a unique member of the 3,4‐disubstituted indole alkaloids distinguished by an azepino[5,4,3‐cd]indole. As an essential intermediate in the biosynthesis of the complex polycyclic alkaloids of the fungal communesin, it has attracted considerable attention as a synthetic target. The development of various synthetic strategies for their application in total synthesis has been described. An overview focused on the synthesis of aurantioclavine from its first synthesis to the most recent one is present.
Comparison of [18F]F‐CNBI and [18F]F‐CNPIFE as Positron Emission Tomography Probes for Noninvasive Imaging of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 in Normal Mice
Authors: Stein Heather M. , Gundam Surendra R. , Bansal Aditya , Nelson Nicholas R. , Curran Geoffry L. , DeGrado Timothy R. , Frye Mark A. , Port John D. , Lowe Val J. , Murray Melissa E. , Pandey Mukesh K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase‐3 α/β is involved in dysregulation of neuronal tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is an unmet clinical need for a blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeable positron emission tomography (PET) probe for imaging of GSK‐3α/β in the brain to understand the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, we synthesized two PET probes, [18F]F‐CNBI and [18F]F‐CNPIFE, and evaluated their BBB permeability and affinity towards GSK‐3α/β. [19F]F‐CNPIFE showed higher in‐vitro binding towards GSK‐3α/β (IC50=19.4±2.5 nM; n=3, for GSK‐3α, IC50=19.4±3.8 nM; n=3, for GSK‐3β) compared to [19F]F‐CNBI (IC50=107.6±26.0 nM; n=4, for GSK‐3α, IC50=105.3±18.2 nM; n=3, for GSK‐3β). [18F]F‐CNPIFE showed 9.5‐fold higher brain uptake than [18F]F‐CNBI, in normal FVB/NJ mice, which was increased by additional 1.5‐fold on co‐administration of [19F]F‐CNPIFE with respect to [18F]F‐CNBI. Overall, [18F]F‐CNPIFE is a promising PET probe for GSK‐3α/β imaging and warrants further evaluation in an AD mouse model.
Cascade Zinc‐ and Silver Catalyzed Stereospecific C−O and C−N Bond Formations
Authors: Ketan Das Bijay , Sarkar Tanumay , Kumar Maharana Prabhat , Kar Subhradeep , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStereospecific cascade C−N and C−O bonds formation of oxiranes with N‐propargylamines is achieved to furnish functionalized dihydrooxazines by employing Zn/Ag relay catalysis. The reaction shows great functional group tolerance, and is practically scalable.
Existing state and solidification characteristics of heavy metals in glass‐ceramics from Mn‐bearing blast furnace slag
Authors: Guangyu Wang , Yongsheng Du , Yuhang Guo , Hongxia Zhang , Leibo Deng , Hua Chen , Ming Zhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, the high performance glass‐ceramics were prepared with Mn‐bearing blast furnace slag as the main raw material, Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 as composite nucleating agents. The existence state of Mn and Cr in glass‐ceramics and the mechanisms of solidification of heavy metals in glass‐ceramics were studied. The results showed that the high electric field characteristics of Cr ions contributed to the generation of spinel phase, while Mn ions can enter the spinel crystal by replacement method and exist stably in spinel crystal. The Mn ions were mainly distributed in the main crystalline phase of augite, the spinel phase and the glass phase. The depolymerization effect of the Mn ions in glass phase improved the crystallization characteristics of the glass‐ceramics, and promoted the transformation of the crystal morphology from dendrites to spherulites. Correspondingly, the density and Vickers hardness of glass‐ceramics showed an increasing trend with the increase of MnO2 additions, while the acid resistance and bending strength generally showed a decreasing trend. The result of leaching characteristics of heavy metals in glass‐ceramics suggested that the leaching concentration of heavy metals Cr and Mn were much lower than the standard value of leaching toxicity of hazardous waste, which indicated that the glass‐ceramics has a good stabilizing effect on heavy metals Cr and Mn. The results showed that the conversion of Mn‐bearing blast furnace slag into environmentally friendly glass‐ceramics can realize solid waste resource utilization.
Improving C3 photosynthesis by exploiting natural genetic variation: Hirschfeldia incana as a model species
Authors: Taylor Graham , Garassino Francesco , Aarts Mark G. M. , Harbinson Jeremy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite research efforts toward improving crop photosynthetic energy conversion efficiencies over the past 40 years, photosynthetic efficiencies remain far from their theoretical maxima. A major challenge has been that plant photosynthesis is a complex process, controlled by many underlying genetic factors and highly dynamic in response to short‐term environmental changes. Recent approaches to improving photosynthesis involved model‐based identification of the bottlenecks in photosynthesis followed by their genetic modification (GM). While these approaches were successful and inspirational, their dependency on the use of GM techniques may restrict their implementation in some jurisdictions. We therefore suggest greater research focus on a different, yet complementary, approach to improving photosynthetic efficiency: the exploration and exploitation of natural genetic variation in photosynthesis. A substantial improvement in phenotyping and genotyping technology over the past decade has highlighted natural variation in photosynthetic sub‐traits for crop and model species. However, a comprehensive understanding of all the factors responsible for photosynthetic limitations is still lacking. We therefore propose the use of high photosynthetic capacity species as models for the exploration of the physiological and genetic basis of high photosynthetic efficiency. While most high photosynthetic capacity species are not suitable as models due to complex genetics and evolutionary distance from crops, we have identified Brassicaceae species Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.‐Foss as a promising candidate. In this perspective paper, we describe and advocate the use of H. incana as a model for the exploration of high maximum CO2 assimilation rates (Pmax) found in some C3 species. We describe the basic biology and evolutionary history of the species and report preliminary data on its photosynthetic characteristics. Our findings suggest H. incana is an excellent model species for studies aiming at understanding natural genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency.
Metabolic syndrome and risk of death in older adults with major psychiatric disorders: Results from a 5‐year prospective multicenter study
Authors: Abou Kassm Sandra , Sánchez Rico Marina , Naja Wadih , Alvarado Jesús M. , Halaby Athar , Limosin Frédéric , Hoertel Nicolas ,   CSA Study group
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesNo study has explored the association of individual components of metabolic syndrome with mortality in older patients with psychiatric disorders. In this report, we examined whether metabolic syndrome or any of its components predicted mortality in a cohort of older adults with psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe used data from a multicenter 5‐year prospective cohort, including 634 in‐ and out‐patients with schizophrenia, bipolar or major depressive disorder. Metabolic syndrome was assessed at baseline following NCEP‐ATPIII criteria. Cause of death was categorized as cardiovascular disorder (CVD) mortality, non‐CVD disease‐related mortality (e.g., infections), suicide and accident.Results122 participants (44.0%) were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome at baseline. In the full sample, there was no significant association between metabolic syndrome or any of its components with all‐cause, CVD and non‐CVD mortality. However, for the subpopulation of older adults with major depressive disorder, metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with increased all‐cause and disease‐related mortality after adjustment for age, sex and smoking status (p = 0.032 and p = 0.036, respectively). There was a significant interaction between metabolic syndrome and psychiatric diagnoses indicating that in participants with major depressive disorder, metabolic syndrome had a significantly greater effect on all‐cause mortality (p = 0.025) and on disease‐related mortality (p = 0.008) than in participants with either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.ConclusionsOur findings do not support an association between metabolic syndrome and increased mortality in older patients with major psychiatric disorders. Several explanations are discussed, including a survival bias, a lack of sensitivity of the used cut‐offs and a ceiling effect of metabolic syndrome on mortality in this very high‐risk population. The latter hypothesis could also explain the significant association between metabolic syndrome and mortality in the depressive subgroup, where a ceiling effect is yet to be reached, given the less marked premature mortality in depressive patients compared to those with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
Efficacy of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosing of oral cancerous lesion: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNon‐invasive diagnostic tools that facilitate visualization of potentially malignant oral lesions and cancers have been introduced. Oral lesions detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) were compared to reference results based on histological findings. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), along with summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC), area under SROC, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values, were the outcomes. The DOR of OCT was 86.9190 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.7435, 194.9985), and the area under SROC was 0.951. OCT showed good sensitivity (0.9138; 95% CI: 0.8758, 0.9409) and specificity (0.9110; 95% CI: 0.8568, 0.9460), and a high negative predictive value (0.9225; 95% CI: 0.8863, 0.9478). Diagnostic sensitivity was higher when using artificial intelligence and automated algorithms compared to diagnoses made by clinicians. OCT is non‐invasive, provides rapid results without radiation exposure, and can aid in the diagnosis and follow‐up of oral cancer and oral precancerous lesions.
New insights into glioma frequency maps: From genetic and transcriptomic correlate to survival prediction
Authors: Bao Hongbo , Ren Peng , Yi Liye , Lv Zhonghua , Ding Wencai , Li Chenlong , Li Siyang , Li Zhipeng , Yang Xue , Liang Xia , Liang Peng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that glioma topographic location is linked to the cellular origin, molecular alterations and genetic profile. This research aims to (a) reveal the underlying mechanisms of tumor location predilection in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and lower‐grade glioma (LGG) and (b) leverage glioma location features to predict prognosis. MRI images from 396 GBM and 190 LGG (115 astrocytoma and 75 oligodendroglioma) patients were standardized to construct frequency maps and analyzed by voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping. We then investigated the spatial correlation between glioma distribution with gene expression in healthy brains. We also evaluated transcriptomic differences in tumor tissue from predilection and nonpredilection sites. Furthermore, we quantitively characterized tumor anatomical localization and explored whether it was significantly related to overall survival. Finally, we employed a support vector machine to build a survival prediction model for GBM patients. GBMs exhibited a distinct location predilection from LGGs. GBMs were nearer to the subventricular zone and more likely to be localized to regions enriched with synaptic signaling, whereas astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma tended to occur in areas associated with the immune response. Synapse, neurotransmitters and calcium ion channel‐related genes were all activated in GBM tissues coming from predilection regions. Furthermore, we characterized tumor location features in terms of a series of tumor‐to‐predilection distance metrics, which were able to predict GBM 1‐year survival status with an accuracy of 0.71. These findings provide new perspectives on our understanding of tumor anatomic localization. The spatial features of glioma are of great value in individual therapy and prognosis prediction.
Adropin and MOTS‐c as new peptides: Do levels change in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke?
Authors: Saçmacı Hikmet , Çakır Murat , Özcan Seda S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (AD, PD), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are thought to be deeply affected by changes in the pathophysiological processes of neurons. As new peptides, it was aimed to evaluate the level of adropin and MOTS‐c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA‐c) and its possible relationship with NSE (neuron‐specific enolase) and NF‐L (neurofilament light chain) in terms of neuronal interaction.MethodsThis study was conducted with 32 patients from each subgroup and group‐appropriate controls. Disease identifiers and hemogram/biochemical parameters specific to the groups of participants were obtained. Additionally, plasma adropin, MOTS‐c, NSE, and NF‐L levels were evaluated by the ELISA method.ResultsPlasma adropin levels were decreased in the AD group and decreased in MOTS‐c, AIS, and AD groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Similar values were found in the MS group compared to its control (p > 0.05). In correlation analysis of these markers with laboratory parameters, while platelet and cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with adropin levels; platelet, lymphocyte, and triglyceride levels were positively correlated with MOTS‐c (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study provides new information about adropin may be potentially important markers in AD and MOTS‐C in AIS and AD. Future studies are needed to examine the relationship between changes in metabolic profiles and these peptides.
Acid and alkali pretreatment of corn stalk for fractal‐like kinetic analysis of enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lu Jianping , Guo Yinghui , Zhang Qian , Chen Xiaoyan , Yu Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe conversion of lignocellulose to sugar is part of the process of lignocellulose biorefining and, therefore, is crucial for effective lignocellulose utilization.RESULTSIn this study, alkali and acidic pretreatments were carried out to deconstruct corn stalk (CS) material for efficient subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Most xylan and lignin can be removed from CS material by acid and alkali pretreatments, respectively, as verified by XRD (X‐ray diffractometer) and FT‐IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analyses. Fractal‐like kinetics were assessed to analyze the effect of enzyme loading on the glucose and xylose sugar yields from the two pretreated CS materials, with fractal dimension considered as a dominant factor in rate constant decrease. Fractal dimension analysis demonstrated that the alkali pretreated CS was more easily hydrolyzed that the acid pretreated CS. For glucan hydrolysis, the effect of enzyme loading on the rate constant of the alkali pretreated CS was marginally higher than that of the acid pretreated CS. For xylan hydrolysis, enzyme loading was shown to significantly improve the rate constant of the alkali pretreated CS compared to the acid pretreated CS. Furthermore, the developed fractal‐like model exhibits high prediction accuracy for sugar yield at high enzyme loadings.CONCLUSIONThe application of the fractal‐like theory was quite successful for studying enzymatic kinetics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Biomimetic Robust All‐Polymer Porous Coatings for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Zou Weizhi , Luo Heng , Yang Meng , Xu Jian , Zhao Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPassive daytime radiation cooling (PDRC) has gained considerable attention as an emerging and promising cooling technology. Polymer‐based porous materials are one of the important candidates for PDRC application due to their easy processing, free of inorganic particle doping, and multifunctionality. However, the mechanical properties of these porous materials, which are critical in outdoor services, have been overlooked in previous studies. Herein, a nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) method combined with ambient pressure drying to prepare polyethylene‐polysilicate all‐polymer porous coatings is developed. The coatings possess a Cyphochilus beetle‐like skeleton structure with optimal skeleton size, laminated anisotropy, and high volume fraction (64 ± 1%). These structure features ensure a maximum skeleton density without optical crowding, thus enhancing light scattering and stress dispersion, and balancing optical and mechanical properties. The coatings exhibit significant mechanical robustness (only ≈70 µm thickness reduction after 1000 Taber abrasion cycles at a 750 g load without influencing optical performance), durability, optical properties (a solar reflectance of ≈95% and an average near‐normal thermal emittance of ≈96%), and PDRC performance (realizing sub‐ambient cooling of ≈3–6 °C at midday with different weather conditions). The work provides a new solution to improve the practicability of polymer‐based porous coatings in PDRC outdoor services and other fields.