bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ear Tags for Control of Horn Flies on Beet Cattle, 1980
Authors: Mullen G. R. , Hinkle N.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three types of insecticide-impregnated ear tags were evaluated for control of horn flies on beef cattle at Auburn University’s Black Belt Substation, Dallas Co., AL: Rabon (13.7% DDVP), Atroban (10% permethrin) and Ectrin (6% fenvalerate). A herd of 30 Herefbrd-Angus-Simmental-Charolais brood cows and their calves was used as an untreated check. Cows in a second brood herd of identical size and composition were treated by installing one Atroban tag/every second head. Each of 3 groups of 23 Hereford-Angus-Simmental cows (2-3 yr olds with calves at side) were treated with one Atroban tag/every animal, every second animal, and every third animal, respectively. Three similar groups of 23 cows with calves at side were treated with Ectrin utilizing the same tagging ratios. No calves were tagged in any group. Calves in each of these groups were weaned in late Jul. Rabon tags were installed at a rate of 2 tags/head in 24 of 48 Hereford-Angus steers enclosed with 4 steers/plot (ratio of tagged to untagged =1:1) in a linear series of 12 adjacent l-acre plots. Mean pretreatment fly counts on May 8 ranged from 4 to 278 flies/head with a mean of 98 flies/head in the check herd. Fly counts were made at weekly intervals from May 8 to Oct 16; data for the 1st and 3rd weeks of each month are presented in the table. The degree of control shown is based on the mean number of flies/head in each treatment compared to mean counts taken in the untreated check herd.
Swine Barns, Evaluation of Atroban (PERMETHRIN) Treated Cords for House Fly Control, 1979
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two swine barns with heavy house fly populations were selected to test 3% Atro ban-treated orlon yarn cords for house fly control in early August. Three foot lengths of cords were suspended vertically from the ceiling of each barn. One cord was suspended for every 70 ft2 of surface area In one barn and at 1/140 ft2 in the other barn. A similar swine barn in the area served as an untreated check. House fly populations were monitored twice weekly during the first 3 weeks and weekly thereafter. The number of fly specks left overnight on 2 x 11 inch white paper strips plus the number of adult flies resting on 1 M2 areas were used in evaluating the results.
Swine, Sarcoptic Mange Control, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Brois 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Testing was conducted in Cumberland Co., Virginia, during the period of Mar’79 thur June’79. Experiments evaluated Kemolate (GX-118) for control of contagious sarcoptic mange. TX-118 is a code name for an 11.6% phosmet (Prolate) formulation which contains one pound of active ingredient per gallon. One inch scrapings were taken from inside the ears, flanks and the pastern areas and examined microscopically for mange mites. A 1:49 dilution was applied to six Yorkshire gilts weighing approximately 150-160 lb. A four gallon compressed air sprayer operating at approximately 30 psi was used to apply the material. A second test was conducted as a repeat of the original. Approximately 16 oz of mixture was applied to each animal spraying thoroughly inside the ears, flanks, and pastern areas.
Apple, Rosy Apple Aphid Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Starner Van R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Insecticides were applied by 2 methods. The first method utilized a John Bean high pressure sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump and the trees were sprayed to run-off with each tree receiving approximately 7 gallons of water. The second method utilized a Friend Airmaster 393 airblast sprayer which was calibrated to deliver 50 gallons/acre (full spray) of water driven at 2mph. Refer to the table for the method and time of applications. Each treatment was applied to a 2-tree plot in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Rome Beauty and Stayman tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Effectiveness of the materials on the rosy apple aphid was evaluated by examining the entire tree and determining the number of infested clusters, the number of infested leaves, and the number of Injured apples/tree. A leaf or cluster was considered infested if it contained one or more live aphlds.
Apple, Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Reed D. K. , Mouzin T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on 20-yr-old, semi-dwarf apple trees, cultivars Red Delicious and Golden Delicious. Plots were arranged so that 4 replications, 2 plots of 2 Golden Delicious trees and 2 plots of 2 Red Delicious trees, were treated. Untreated buffer trees between plots provided protection from drift. Trees were sprayed to runoff (26.5 litres/tree) with a hand gun at 28.1-35.2 kg/cm2 at 2-week intervals beginning May 15 and terminating Aug 27 for a total of 8 applications. Fruit damage rating was determined from 200 fruit picked at random (where available) from each treatment and examined for damage once during the season and once at harvest. For mite counts 40 leaves per replicate were collected the day before scheduled pesticide applications, the leaves brushed, and eggs and adult mites counted.
Cranberry, Orthene Efficacy and Residue Test, 1980
Authors: Mahr D. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were in a commercial cranberry marsh near Warrens, Wl, which had had a previous history of parathion treatment. The test was primarily to obtain residue data, but application dates were aimed at controlling spanworm and fireworm. Plot size was 10 x 10 ft (3.05 x 3.05 ml). Plots were replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Materials were applied to completely wet the foliage with a Solo Knapsacksprayer 425. Treatment dates for efficacy trials were 19 Jun, II Jul, and I Aug. Residue plots were treated separately. Spanworm and fireworm larvae were sampled with a sweepnet, 20 sweeps/plot, Fruitworm damage was assessed by counting all damaged and undamaged berries in four 0.1 m2 random subsamples in each plot (subsamples averaged approx. 90 berries each).
Full Season Evaluation of Acaricides for Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two rates each of the experimental acaricides, FMC 35001 and UC 55248, were compared to chlorobenzilate and Ethion for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM). A 20-year-old grapefruit orchard (16 x 22 ft tree spacing) was utilized; treatments were arranged In a randomized block design with 3 replicates, each consisting of 2 rows of 6 trees, i. e. 36 trees/treatment. Treatments were first applied on Apr 22 and reapplied on Jul 17 and Oct 8 using a commercial airblast sprayer. Speed of the sprayer was I mph with nozzle adjustment and pressure regulated to apply 250 gal/acre. CRM counts in Apr and May were on leaves (lOO/replicate) and thereafter on fruit (100/ replicate) using a lOx handlens with a l-cm2 grid. At harvest 100 fruit/treatment were evaluated for CRM damage and expressed as percent russet. i.e. fruit with damage severe enough to be downgraded to US #2 fresh or process fruit.
Lemon, Citrus Red Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
UC 55248 and NC 22683 at 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai/a were compared with Ethion and Omite for control efficacy of citrus red mite. Treatments were applied Feb 29 with a John Bean Sprayer equipped with a pistol-type spray gun. A rate of 5 gal/tree was applied at 400 psi (5 x 60 trees = 300 gpa). All motile stages of mite are included in figures of table recorded 5, 10, 17, 25, 31, 46, and 66 days after treatments.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms in Lima Beans, 1980
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Bridgeton’ lima beans were planted in double row plots, 25 ft in length, on Jul 10 ’80. Each plot was buffered on either side by 2 untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on Sep 11 and 17. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each of the center 2 rows was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. The soil type was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Plots were rated on Sep 23 by harvesting 100 pods/treat/rep and recording the percent pods with corn earworm injury. Yields were, also, taken Sep 23 by harvesting a 25 ft section of row for each treatment in each rep. The beans were run through a commercial viner and the pounds shelled weight were recorded.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Root Feeding Insects on Transplanted Cabbage, 1980
Authors: Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on May 1, ’80 in a commercial field in Erie County, Ohio. Two row plots 30’ long on 30” centers with a 12” in-row spacing between transplants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on May 2, 1980 with a hand held CO2 sprayer designed to apply a directed spray of 100 gal/acre at 40 psi through a 9505E nozzle. Soil type was a silt loam, pH = 6.2, and organic matter = 2.3%. All treatments were applied only once and were evaluated on June 3, 1980 by digging 20 plants/plot, and counting the number of wireworms, cabbage maggots, and tunnels.
Collard Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Morris Heading’ collards were transplanted on Aug 11, near Benson, NC. Treatments consisted of single-row plots 15 ft long. They were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Six maintenance sprays of Dipel (at 0.25 ai/acre) and Lannate 1,8L (at 0.25 ai/acre) were made prior to the start of the test. Applications were made on Oct 20, 27 and Nov 3 for all treatments except Ambush (both rates) which were applied Oct 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, and Nov 3 and 5. All sprays were applied at a rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Worm counts were made on 3 plants per plot on Nov 4. The data on diamondback moths, imported cabbageworms, and cabbage loopers were pooled for statistical analysis. Worm damage evaluations were also made on Nov. 4.
Apple, Pre-Bloom Aphid Treatments, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 5 year old Red Delicious apple trees using a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. Single tree plots were used and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Oil sprays were applied at delayed dormant stage, Apr 10, and other materials were applied at the pink stage of bud development, Apr 22. Spray materials used throughout the season include Polyram, benomyl, captan, Dithane, Thylate, azinphosmethyl, phosalone, and Karathane. Rosy apple aphid populations were evaluated on May 29 by counting all colonies visible on each tree.
Control of Caterpillars in Peas, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Green Giant 510’ peas were planted May 25 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 21 x 50 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Treatments were applied Aug 1 with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi. Plots were sampled Aug 5 by examining all the area within a 4 x 8 ft rectangle placed 3 times within each plot.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1980
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Cuperus Gerrit W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted near Glyndon, MN, using ‘Kennebec’ potatoes. Treatments were applied to single row plots, 30 ft long, with 36-in row spacing, using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 100 gal water/acre at ca. 40-50 psi. Experiments were randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Each time sprays were applied to previously untreated potatoes. Counts were made of all Colorado potato beetle larvae present on all plants in each plot, prior to and 24 hours after treatment. Egg-hatch was still occurring at the time of the 1st application of spray treatments, so some larvae emerged after application of the insecticide accounting for the increase in beetle numbers in the check. At the time of the 2nd application of spray treatment most larvae were full-grown and many were leaving the plants to pupate in the soil accounting for the decline in larval numbers in the check.
Potato Tuberworm Control in Potatoes, 1980
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Hayashi J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental potato planting (Kennebec variety) was made on Jun 3 at Moreno Valley Field Station, Riverside, CA. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The replicates were 8 rows wide (32-inch centers) by 70 ft long with a 5-ft buffer between replicates. Insecticides were applied at 2-wk intervals from Jul 31 through Oct 9 (6 applications). Insecticides were applied by handheld spray equipment (Arimitsu sprayer) with 3 nozzles per row at an operating pressure of 50 psi and delivery rate of 20 gal/acre. Nozzles were hollow cone, Dl orifice, 13 core and 50-mesh screen. All treatments included 0.04% spreader/sticker (Biofilm). Five stems/ replicate were inspected weekly from Aug 6 through Sep 19 for larvae and mines without larvae. The 2 center rows/replicate were harvested on Oct 22. Tubers were inspected for potato tuberworm damage. Data was analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level of probability. ‘An arcsin transfor-mation was performed on the percent infested white tuber data before analysis.
Aphid Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, Grand Rapids, Mn, 1980
Authors: Wildung David K. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow split-band treatments to ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes planted May 9-13 at the North Central Experiment Station, Grand Rapids, MN. Soil type was a loamy sand with low organic matter. A sidedress application of Temik, 1 lb ai/acre, was applied Jul 3 as split bands along the sides of the hill. Plots were 12 rows wide, 625-ft long, with a 40-in row spacing, arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Beginning Jul 8 all plots were sprayed with azinphosmethyl, 0.5 lb ai/acre, at 2-wk intervals to reduce the number of aphid natural enemies. Aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves/plot on Jul 17, 16, Aug 10, and 20. Plots were harvested Sep 24-29.
Apple, Timed Leafroller Treatments, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to fullgrown semi-dwarf York trees with a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. Treatments consisted of 5 single tree replicates in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Populations of VL and TABM were monitored by use of pheromone traps and visual inspections of egg masses so that sprays could be applied at peak egg hatch. Applications of the test materials were made for first generation leafrollers on Jun 25 and Jul 7 and for second generation on Aug 22 and Sep 2. Guthion 50W 1.5 lb/A (100 gal/A cone) was used as the standard seasonal insecticide and was applied on May 12, 23, Jun 4, Jul 16, 29 and Aug 12. Plictran was applied on Jun 23 and Omite on Jul 16 and 29. One application of Lannate L 24 oz/A + Dipel WD .8 lb/A was applied on Sep 23 to prevent additional leafroller damage. Other pesticides used include benomyl, Polyram, Ethion oil, captan, thiram, streptomycin, Dithane, Karathane, Manzate, Phosphamidon, and Phaltan.
Insect Control on Tomatoes in Florida, 1981
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set Mar 4, 18 inches apart on 3 ft wide by 6 inch high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Mar 25, Apr 1, 9, 15, 22, 29, May 6 and 13 with a Solo motorized mist blower which was operated at 1300-1400 rpm (20-25 mph air velocity) and delivered 120 gpa. On May 14, the number of leafmines of the vegetable leafminer were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of the fourth fully expanded leaf from the top of each plant/plot. The number of undamaged fruit and those damaged by the southern armyworm, tomato pinworm, and southern green stink bug were counted in a single harvest on May 20. After harvest, 5 plants/plot were cut and shaken and the numbers of stink bugs and larvae of southern armyworm, tomato pinworm and cabbage looper were counted.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Jan 9 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to one plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6 ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from Feb 20 to May 8 for a total of 12 applications. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. On Apr 1 the number of live vegetable leafminer larvae per leaf (third fully expanded leaf from the terminal) were counted on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on Apr 30 and May 13. The percent southern armyworm damaged fruit was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot on each date. The vegetable leafminer and southern armyworm populations were lower than usual. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Soil Insecticides for Control of Sugarcane Beetle in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Riley Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four granular soil insecticides labeled for control of corn rootworm were tested for effectiveness against the sugarcane beetle. Treatments consisted of the amounts of each material that would be applied to 6 inches of row at the labeled rate and at 1.5 and 2.0 times the labelled rate for corn rootworm control. Furadan at 0.5 times the labeled rate was also included. All treatments were replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied by hand to soil in 6 inch plastic pots in a manner that approximated in-furrow and 7 Inch band applications in the field. In-furrow treatments were applied across the pot at a depth of 1.5 inch and covered with soil. Band treatments were sprinkled onto the soil surface and covered with 0.25 inch of soil. Four ‘Pioneer 3147’ corn seeds were planted and the pots watered after treatment.
Control of Thrips Spp., 1979, 1980, and 1981
Authors: Hopkins Alfred R. , Moore Raymond F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coker 310 acid-del inted seed (80-90% germination) treated with Terracoat L-21 (12 oz per cwt) were drilled at the rate of 12 lb per acre in typic paleudults soils during the last week of Apr each year. Plots were 4 rows wide (38 inches) by 50 to 100 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete-block design replicated 4 times. The granular systemics were dispersed with a Gandy granular applicator. Moisture was adequate during germination and the maximum/minimum soil temperature at the 4 inch depth was 79/53°F. After the thrips evaluation period, seasonal control of cotton pests was maintained by spraying as needed with a high-clearance sprayer and recommended materials. All counts of insects and plant measurements were made at random. To determine the effect of the treatments on stand, the number of plants in five 10 ft rows per plot were counted. The effect of the treatments on square production was determined by counting the squares on plants in two 6.9 ft rows per plot (0.001 acre).
Chemical Control of Thrips in Cotton, 1981
Authors: Mullins Walton , Gallaher Martin L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 variety was planted on May 6 at the Lee Farm of the University of Misouri’s Delta Center in Portageville, MO. Plots were 4 rows x 50 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The Temik and Disyston treatments were applied in a 4 inch band at planting. The Orthene 75S was applied to the seed by shaking 1.67 oz Orthene 75S with 10 lb seed in a plastic sack until the seed were uniformly covered, the number of thrips in each plot was recorded 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after planting by shaking 30 plants over a “thrips box” and counting.
Control of Rednecked Peanutworm in Oklahoma, 1981
Authors: Berberet Richard , Mussett Kevin , Sander Douglas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were planted on Jun 10 with 0.9 m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticides were applied on aug 20 utilizing 2 flat spray nozzles over each row and a total volume of 20 gpa. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 6 row x 15 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. For each sampling date after treatment, 25 plant terminals were collected at random from the center 4 rows of each plot and examined for S. bosqueella larvae. Percentages of infested terminals were computed, and counts were converted to larvae/m of row based on terminal counts made over the experimental area.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1981
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to runoff to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spraygun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump. Spray dates were as follows: Apr 20 (first UC-55248 treatment, no Kelthane); May 8 (second UC-55248 treatment); Jun 11 (all treatments except UC-55248); Jun 23 (all treatments, third UC-55248 treatment at high rate). General purpose sprays of Captan 50W, Guthion 50W and Sevin 50W were applied at ca intervals of 2 weeks throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 59.9 F, Jun 69.9°F, Jul 73.2 F and Aug 70.0°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 3.17, Jun 4.11, Jul 2.79 and Aug 4.08. Effectiveness of the test materials on the European red mite was evaluated by making several counts of mites on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. Mite population pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russeting of Golden Delicious apples was determined by scoring a random sample of 30 apples/replicate, 60 apples, treatment. Fruits were rated as no russeting (1), light russeting (2), moderate russeting (3), and severe russeting (4). Possible ranges were: russeting, none to light 30-60, light to moderate 60-90, and moderate to severe 90-120.
Foliar Spray Efficacy Trials, 1981
Authors: Higgins Randall , Pedigo Larry , Buntin David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One hundred and twenty-four soybean plots (Var. Elf) were located 1 mile northwest of Ames, IA. Each plot measured 50 ft x 10 ft (4 rows) with 30 inch centers. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications and 31 treatments (Table 1). Treatments were applied Aug 17 with 4 row, CO2-changed bicycle-wheel sprayers (liquid output 20.25 gal/acre at 25 psi, hollow cone nozzles). Weather conditions during applications were slightly hazy, breeze below 3 mph, and 82°F. Soybeans were in maturity stage R5 (beginning seed). Plots were sampled with a 15 inch dia sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on Aug 18 (24 hr), Aug 20 (3 days) and Aug 24 (7 days). Measurable rainfall during the experiment was 0.56 inch.