bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser-based photonuclear production of medical isotopes and nuclear waste transmutation
Authors: Lobok M G , Brantov A V , Bychenkov V Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The results of complex simulations using PIC-GEANT4 (particle-in-cell and Monte-Carlo) codes based on the generation of a high-energy electron bunch by a short laser pulse propagating in a relativistic self-trapping regime in a near-critical plasma has been applied to assess the possibility of medical isotope production and nuclear waste transmutation. It has been demonstrated that a 10 Hz 30 fs 4 J laser pulse is well suited to the production of therapeutic amounts of several standard medical radionuclides (111In, 123I, 103Pd, 62Cu, 64Cu). The use of direct electron irradiation has an advantage over the use of bremsstrahlung gamma radiation from the converter due to the simplification of the production scheme without loss of radionuclide yield. The study of the transmutation of long-lived fusion products showed low efficiency and the need for preliminary isotope separation. Achieving as little as 10% reduction in the activity of a 10 g sample requires the continuous operation of the next-generation laser system at a high repetition rate (1 MHz–100 kHz) for (one to ten) years.
A grounded electrode beneath dielectric targets, including cancer cells, enhances the impact of cold atmospheric plasma jet
Authors: Schweigert Irina , Zakrevsky Dmitry , Milakhina Elena , Gugin Pavel , Biryukov Mikhail , Patrakova Ekaterina , Koval Olga 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of the presence or absence of a grounded substrate beneath dielectric targets, including cancer cells, during exposure to the cold atmospheric plasma jet is studied in the experiments and in fluid model simulations for the discharge parameters typical for the medical applications. It is shown that the dynamics of streamers generated in each positive cycle of ac voltage depends on the grounded substrate position. The streamers approach the target more often if the grounded substrate is beneath the target, that provides more intensive plasma-target interaction. In this case, the measured spectrum of plasma jet emission near the target demonstrates much higher intensity compared to an electrically isolated target case. The calculated and measured discharge currents with time demonstrate a mismatch of frequencies of the ac voltage and current over the target. The viability of A431 human skin carcinoma and MX7 mouse rhabdomyosarcoma cells treated by cold atmospheric plasma jet with/without the grounded substrate is measured with MTT assay 24 h after. The results show an enhanced suppression of the cell viability when using the grounded substrate for both cell lines. Achieving effective death of tumor cells with a shorter irradiation time can be considered an advantage of using a grounded electrode beneath the bio target.
Radiation reaction-dominated regime of wakefield acceleration
Authors: Golovanov A A , Nerush E N , Kostyukov I Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study electron acceleration in a plasma wakefield under the influence of the radiation-reaction force caused by the transverse betatron oscillations of the electron in the wakefield. Both the classical and the strong quantum-electrodynamic (QED) limits of the continuous radiation reaction are considered. For the constant accelerating force, we show that the amplitude of the oscillations of the QED parameter χ in the radiation-dominated regime reaches an equilibrium value determined only by the magnitude of the accelerating field, while the averaged over betatron oscillations radiation reaction force saturates at a value smaller than the accelerating force and thus is incapable of stopping acceleration. We find the parameters of the electron bunch and the plasma accelerator for which reaching such a regime is possible. We also study effects of the dephasing and the corresponding change of the accelerating force over the course of acceleration and conclude that the radiation-dominated regime is realized both in cases of single-stage acceleration with slow dephasing (usually corresponding to bunch-driven plasma accelerators) and multi-stage acceleration with fast dephasing (corresponding to the use of laser-driven accelerators).
Structural and optical properties of BaTiO3 modified cadmium alkali borate glasses
Authors: Chandra Sekhar Kotagiri , Shareefuddin Md , El-Denglawey A. , Saddeek Yasser B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Borate glasses Na2B4O7 – CdO – CuO- BaTiO3 have been manufactured by the traditional melt quenching method. The increment of BaTiO3 affects strictly the density and the molar volume of the glass samples. The spectroscopic investigations by FTIR and Raman spectra show that the glass network consists of different structural units of [BO3] and [BO4] along with [TiO4]. The elaborated investigations assume the glass former role of TiO2. These arguments depend on the transformation of [BO3] into [BO4] units, which result in a decrement in the magnitude of disorder in the glass structure. The compositional dependence on BaTiO3 reveals that the behavior of Urbach energy confirms the decrement of disorder and the trend of the optical band gap shows a decrement process with a priority to direct transitions. Moreover, EPR spectra revealed that the Cu2+ ions occupy the positions of elongated octahedral positions with tetragonal distortions.
Nonequilibrium effects of reactive flow based on gas kinetic theory*
Authors: Su Xianli , Lin Chuandong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How to accurately probe chemically reactive flows with essential thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects is an open issue. Via the Chapman–Enskog analysis, the local nonequilibrium particle velocity distribution function is derived from the gas kinetic theory. It is demonstrated theoretically and numerically that the distribution function depends on the physical quantities and derivatives, and is independent of the chemical reactions directly as the chemical time scale is longer than the molecular relaxation time. Based on the simulation results of the discrete Boltzmann model, the departure between equilibrium and nonequilibrium distribution functions is obtained and analyzed around the detonation wave. In addition, it has been verified for the first time that the kinetic moments calculated by summations of the discrete distribution functions are close to those calculated by integrals of their original forms.
Collider search of light dark matter model with dark sector decay *
Authors: Cheng Yu , Liao Wei , Yan Qi-Shu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We explore the possibility that the dark matter relic density is not produced by a thermal mechanism directly, but by the decay of other heavier dark-sector particles which themselves can be produced by the thermal freeze-out mechanism. Using a concrete model with light dark matter from dark sector decay, we study the collider signature of the dark sector particles associated with Higgs production processes. We find that future lepton colliders could be a better place to probe the signature of this kind of light dark matter model than hadron colliders such as LHC. Also, we find that a Higgs factory with center-of-mass energy 250 GeV has a better potential to resolve the signature of this kind of light dark matter model than a Higgs factory with center-of-mass energy 350 GeV.
Scalar Pre-potentials for Spinor and Tensor Fields on Spacetime
Authors: Tucker R. W. , Walton T. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We review a technique for solving a class of classical linear partial diferential systems of relevance to physics in Minkowski spacetime. All the equations are amenable to analysis in terms of complex solutions in the kernel of the scalar Laplacian and a complexifed Hertz potential. The complexifcation prescription ensures the existence of regular physical solutions with chirality and propagating, non-singular, pulse-like characteristics that are bounded in all three spatial dimensions. The technique is applied to the source-free Maxwell, Bopp-Landé-Podolsky and linearised Einstein feld systems, and particular solutions are used for constructing classical models describing single-cycle laser pulses and a mechanism is discussed for initiating astrophysical jets. Our article concludes with a brief introduction to spacetime Cliford algebra ideals that we use to represent spinor felds. We employ these to demonstrate how the same technique used for tensor felds enables one to construct new propagating, chiral, non-singular, pulse-like spinor solutions to the massless Dirac equation in Minkowski spacetime.
Host oligodendrogliopathy and α-synuclein strains dictate disease severity in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Torre-Muruzabal Teresa , Van der Perren Anke , Coens Audrey , Gelders Géraldine , Janer Anna Barber , Camacho-Garcia Sara , Klingstedt Therése , Nilsson Peter , Stefanova Nadia , Melki Ronald , Baekelandt Veerle , Peelaerts Wouter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple system atrophy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with prominent autonomic and motor features. During early stages, different subtypes of the disease are distinguished by their predominant parkinsonian or cerebellar symptoms, reflecting its heterogeneous nature. The pathognomonic feature of multiple system atrophy is the presence of α-synuclein (αSyn) protein deposits in oligodendroglial cells. αSyn can assemble in specific cellular or disease environments and form αSyn strains with unique structural features, but the ability of αSyn strains to propagate in oligodendrocytes remains elusive.Recently, it was shown that αSyn strains with related conformations exist in the brains of patients. Here, we investigated whether different αSyn strains can influence multiple system atrophy progression in a strain-dependent manner. To this aim, we injected two recombinant αSyn strains (fibrils and ribbons) in multiple system atrophy transgenic mice and found that they determined disease severity in multiple system atrophy via host-restricted and cell-specific pathology in vivo.αSyn strains significantly impact disease progression in a strain-dependent way via oligodendroglial, neurotoxic and immune-related mechanisms. Neurodegeneration and brain atrophy were accompanied by unique microglial and astroglial responses and the recruitment of central and peripheral immune cells. The differential activation of microglial cells correlated with the structural features of αSyn strains both in vitro and in vivo. Spectral analysis showed that ribbons propagated oligodendroglial inclusions that were structurally distinct from those of fibrils, with resemblance to oligodendroglial inclusions, in the brains of patients with multiple system atrophy.This study, therefore, shows that the multiple system atrophy phenotype is governed by both the nature of the αSyn strain and the host environment and that by injecting αSyn strains into an animal model of the disease, a more comprehensive phenotype can be established.
p70S6 kinase regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and is active in remyelinating lesions
Authors: Benardais Karelle , Ornelas Isis M. , Fauveau Melissa , Brown Tanya L. , Finseth Lisbet T. , Panic Radmila , Deboux Cyrille , Macklin Wendy B. , Wood Teresa L. , Nait-Oumesmar Brahim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The p70 ribosomal S6 kinases (p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) are downstream targets of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling pathway. p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 specifically has demonstrated functions in regulating cell size in Drosophila and in insulin-sensitive cell populations in mammals. Prior studies demonstrated that the mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and developmental myelination; however, how the immediate downstream targets of mechanistic target of rapamycin regulate these processes has not been elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation during developmental myelination and remyelination processes in the CNS. We demonstrate that p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activity peaks in oligodendrocyte lineage cells at the time when they transition to myelinating oligodendrocytes during developmental myelination in the mouse spinal cord. We further show p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activity in differentiating oligodendrocytes in acute demyelinating lesions induced by lysophosphatidylcholine injection or by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. In demyelinated lesions, the expression of the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase target, phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein, was transient and highest in maturing oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, we also identified p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activity in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in active multiple sclerosis lesions. Consistent with its predicted function in promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation, we demonstrate that specifically inhibiting p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 in cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells significantly impairs cell lineage progression and expression of myelin basic protein. Finally, we used zebrafish to show in vivo that inhibiting p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 function in oligodendroglial cells reduces their differentiation and the number of myelin internodes produced. These data reveal an essential function of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 in promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation during development and remyelination across multiple species.
CircRNA_Maml2 promotes the proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells after severe burns by regulating the miR-93-3p/FZD7/Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Liao Yu , Lou Jiaqi , Zhuang Mengmeng , Yan Hao , Li Qi , Deng Yuequ , Xu Xiaohu , Wen Dandan , Sun Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Circular RNA (circRNA) plays key regulatory roles in the development of many diseases. However the biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of circRNA in the injury and repair of intestinal mucosa in mice after severe burns are yet to be elucidated.

Methods
Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect cell proliferation and migration ability. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to identify the expression of circRNA, microRNA and messenger RNA. Nuclear and cytoplasmic separation experiments were employed to perceive the location of circRNA_Maml2. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to study the repairing effect of circRNA_Maml2 on the intestinal mucosa of mice after severe burns.

Results
When compared with the control group, the expression of circRNA_Maml2 was significantly reduced in the severe burn group. Furthermore, overexpression of circRNA_Maml2 promoted the proliferation and migration of CT26.wt cells in vivo and the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in vitro. CircRNA_Maml2 acted as a sponge adsorption molecule for miR-93-3p to enhance the expression of frizzled class receptor 7 and activate the downstream Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby promoting the repair of the intestinal mucosa.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that circRNA_Maml2 regulates the miR-93-3p/FZD7/Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa. Hence, circRNA_Maml2 is a potential therapeutic target to promote intestinal mucosal repair.
Sex-dependent multimodal response profiles to psychosocial stress
Authors: Kuhn Leandra , Noack Hannes , Wagels Lisa , Prothmann Anna , Schulik Anna , Aydin Ece , Nieratschker Vanessa , Derntl Birgit , Habel Ute 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sex differences in stress reactions are often reported in the literature. However, the sex-dependent interplay of different facets of stress is still not fully understood. Particularly in neuroimaging research, studies on large samples combining different indicators of stress remain scarce.

Materials and Methods
In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, a sample of 140 healthy participants (67 females using oral contraceptives) underwent a standardized stress induction protocol, the ScanSTRESS. During the experiment, salivary cortisol and subjective ratings were obtained at multiple time points and heart rate was recorded.

Results
Sex differences emerged in different facets of the stress response:Women reacted with enhanced subjective feelings of stress and increases in heart rate, while men showed more pronounced neural activation in stress-related brain regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus and insula. Subjective feelings of stress and (para) hippocampal activity were negatively related in women,whereas a slightly positive association was observed in men.

Discussion
These results provide further insight in the sex-specific stress response patterns. Moreover, they emphasize the role of the hippocampus in the regulation of the stress response. This paves the way for the identification of sex-dependent vulnerability factors that can, in the future, be implemented in the prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders.
Go V.I.R.A.L.: Social Media Engagement Strategies in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Langford Bradley J , Laguio-Vila Maryrose , Gauthier Timothy P , Shah Aditya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Social media has emerged as a tool to facilitate communication and dissemination of information for both patients and healthcare professionals. We describe 3 social media engagement strategies used to reach a broad and diverse audience on the topics of infectious diseases and antimicrobial stewardship, including the use of memes, a clue-based knowledge assessment quiz, and a personality quiz. We describe a novel acronym “VIRAL” to guide engaging social media strategies in healthcare, including eye catching Visuals, Interactive content, showing Respect and empathy for the audience, Adapting to new technology, and making Learning fun.
Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Acute Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis: What Level of C-reactive Protein Constitutes Severe Colitis?
Authors: Croft Anthony , Lord Anton , Radford-Smith Graham 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] as a component of the Truelove and Witts Criteria [TWC] is the traditional inflammatory marker used for the assessment of ulcerative colitis [UC] activity. However, the C-reactive protein [CRP] is preferentially used in contemporary clinical practice. We aimed to determine the equivalent CRP cut-off for an ESR of  &gt;30 mm/h in patients presenting with acute severe UC.

Methods
Clinical and pathological data were prospectively collected from 163 presentations of severe UC. A CRP cut-off corresponding to an ESR of  &gt;30 mm/h was determined using confusion matrices. A validation cohort of 128 presentations was prospectively collected and analysed.

Results
A CRP cut-off of ≥12 mg/L generated an 85% positive predictive value [PPV] with a sensitivity of 95% and an accuracy of 82% for having a paired ESR of  &gt;30 mm/h. There were no statistically significant differences between groups determined by the traditional ESR versus the new CRP-based criterion in the presenting faecal calprotectin, Mayo endoscopic subscore, or the rates of intravenous corticosteroid therapy failure and colectomy-by-discharge. Applying the CRP  ≥12 mg/L criterion to a validation cohort of 128 presentations generated a PPV of 83% and a sensitivity of 94%.

Conclusions
The proposed CRP  ≥12 mg/L cut-off is an inclusive, sensitive, and very practical alternative to ESR as part of the TWC for defining UC presentation severity. It demonstrated similar performance characteristics to the classical ESR criterion when used for the assessment of acute UC disease activity. These findings were confirmed in a validation cohort.
A previously undescribed pathogenic variant in FBN1 gene causing Marfan syndrome: a case report
Authors: Suliman Asem , Yan Weiang , Yamashita Michael H , Krentz Anthony D , Mhanni Aizeddin , Garber Philip J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMarfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem connective tissue disorder with increased risk of aortopathy with a high risk of subsequent life-threatening aortic dissection. Diagnosing this condition is reliant on recognizing clinical features and genetic testing for confirming diagnosis, using the revised Ghent criteria.Case summaryWe identified a 49-year-old patient who presented with dyspnoea, with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and a previously unreported variant in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), designated c.7016G&gt;C. Prior to identifying the new gene variant, this patient did not meet the revised Ghent criteria for MFS diagnosis. We present clinical and molecular evidence supporting the likely pathogenic nature of this variant, leading to earlier therapy and intervention.DiscussionThe discovery of a new pathogenic gene will expand the current aortopathy and MFS database and may lead to more informed clinical management decisions for the timing and nature of interventions.
The association between urinary sodium concentration (UNa) and outcomes of acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khorramshahi Bayat Maryam , Ngo Linh , Mulligan Andrew , Chan Wandy , McKenzie Scott , Hay Karen , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Urinary sodium concentration (UNa) is a simple test advocated to assess diuretics efficacy and predict outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association of UNa with outcomes of AHF.

Methods and results
We searched Embase and Medline for eligible studies that reported the association between UNa and outcomes of urinary output, weight loss, worsening renal function, length of hospital stay, re-hospitalization, worsening heart failure, and all-cause mortality in AHF. Nineteen observational studies out of 1592 screened records were included. For meta-analyses of outcomes, we grouped patients into high vs. low UNa, with most studies defining high UNa as &gt;48–65 mmol/L. In the high UNa group, pooled data showed a higher urinary output (mean difference 502 mL, 95% CI 323–681, P &lt; 0.01), greater weight loss (mean difference 1.6 kg, 95% CI 0.3–2.9, P = 0.01), and a shorter length of stay (mean difference −1.4 days, 95% CI −2.8 to −0.1, P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in worsening kidney function (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.25–1.16, P = 0.1). Due to the small number of studies, we did not report pooled estimates for re-hospitalization and worsening heart failure. High UNa was associated with lower odds of 30-day (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.14–0.49, P &lt; 0.01), 90-day (OR 0.39,95% CI 0.25–0.59, P &lt; 0.01) and 12-month (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.20–0.61, P &lt; 0.01) mortality.

Conclusion
High UNa after diuretic administration is associated with higher urinary output, greater weight loss, shorter length of stay, and lower odds of death. UNa is a promising marker of diuretic efficacy in AHF which should be confirmed in randomized trials.