bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Dermal Fillers Dentistry?
Authors: Salih Kouthar , McColl Ewen 
Published: April 2022

Recent social media influence has set up a world of aesthetic idealism, whereby rises in demand for non-surgical cosmetic treatment to cater for the unrealistic desire of ‘perfection’ has meant that the aesthetics industry has been expanding and has gained interest among dental practitioners and members of the dental team. This guest editorial discusses the medico-legal and regulatory status of facial aesthetics and the various complications involved in using such techniques in the dental environment Clinical Relevance: To allow dental team members to make informed decisions when considering introducing facial aesthetics as a component of their practice.
Temporomandibular Disorders. Part 1: Anatomy, Aetiology, Diagnosis and Classification
Authors: Oluwajana Funmi , Clarke Pete , Foster-Thomas Emma , James Martin , Crawford Charles 
Published: April 2022

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the most common causes of chronic pain in the orofacial region. The aetiology of TMD is complex owing to its multifactorial biopsychosocial nature. TMD shares many commonalities, and can be associated with, other chronic pain conditions. The physical and psychological impact of chronic pain on the individual can be far-reaching and should not be underestimated. This article, the first of a six-part series, aims to provide the reader with a background to TMDs as well as an overview of the clinical examination and diagnostic process for patients presenting with TMD-related pain. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of TMD with which their patients might present and understand the complex nature of chronic pain conditions.
Kajian Literatur Karakteristik Lapisan Keramik Oksida yang Ditumbuhkan Diatas Paduan Zirkonium dengan Metode Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Ajiriyanto Maman Kartaman , Anawati Anawati 
Published: April 2022

Bahan Zircaloy-4 telah digunakan sebagai bahan kelongsong elemen bakar reaktor nuklir tipe <em>pressurized water reactor</em>, PWR. Kelongsong Zr-4 tersebut menghadapi kondisi temperatur dan tekanan tinggi, iradiasi neutron, dan penyerapan gas (hidrogen, oksigen). Pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi, paduan Zr-4 mudah mengalami oksidasi dan kecepatan oksidasi meningkat pada suhu 800-1200°C. Upaya untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidasi kelongsong Zr-4 adalah pelapisan permukaan dengan metode seperti <em>thermal spray, physical vapor deposition, cladding, heat treatment,</em> dan <em>chemical vapor deposition</em>. Pada artikel review ini menggambarkan dan menjelaskan metode pelapisan alternatif yaitu plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) yang secara khusus diaplikasikan pada substrat zirkonium. Aspek lain yang dibahas adalah parameter proses yang mempengaruhi kualitas lapisan, dan karakteristik yang khas dari lapisan yang dihasilkan dengan metode PEO. <em>Plasma electrolytic oxidation</em> (PEO) merupakan metode pelapisan yang menjanjikan untuk menghasilkan lapisan oksida keramik dengan kekuatan mekanik dan termal yang tinggi. Proses PEO menggunakan peralatan yang sederhana dan bahan yang ramah lingkungan. Lapisan oksida zirkonium (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) yang terbentuk pada permukaan substrat Zr-4 mempunyai titik lebur sangat tinggi yaitu 2715°C dan tampang lintang neutron termal sangat rendah yaitu 0,18 barn. Karakteristik lapisan oksida keramik yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh parameter proses PEO yaitu rapat arus, jenis dan konsentrasi elektrolit, bahan aditif pada elektrolit dll. Hingga saat ini, proses pelapisan metode PEO pada paduan Zirkonium (Zr) relatif belum banyak dibahas secara mendalam jika dibandingkan dengan logam lainnya seperti Al, Mg, dan Ti. Salah satu permasalahan yang masih dihadapi dalam pelapisan PEO terhadap substrat Zr-4 adalah porositas relatif tinggi dan jumlah fasa t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> pada <em>inner</em> dan <em>outer</em> <em>layer </em>yang relatif rendah yang dapat mengurangi kekuatan mekanik dan ketahanan korosinya. Penyelesaian masalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas lapisan PEO adalah dengan optimasi parameter proses PEO yaitu rapat arus ,dan jenis dan konsentrasi elektrolit. Dalam kajian literatur ini didiskusikan strategi optimasi rapat arus, penggunaan variasi elektrolit, dan penambahan aditif pada proses PEO untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan korosi lapisan Modifikasi permukaan dengan proses PEO dapat diaplikasikan pada paduan zirkonium termasuk paduan Zr-4 sebagai komponen atau kelongsong bahan bakar reaktor nuklir tipe PWR. Metode PEO ini sangat potensial digunakan pada kelongsong Zr-4 untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidasi suhu tinggi dan meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar didalam reaktor nuklir.
Identifikasi Dugaan Situs Purbakala Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner di Situs Alassumur, Kabupaten Bondowoso
Authors: Rochman Juan Pandu Gya Nur , Widodo Amien , Adausy Thufeil Amr , F Hanif Dhiyaz Ulhaq 
Published: April 2022

<p class="ParSub1"><span lang="EN-ID">Penemuan struktur batubata kuno di Desa Alas Sumur, Kecamatan Pujer Kabupaten Bondowoso menjadi menarik untuk diteliti, karena selama ini Kabupaten Bondowoso </span><span>umumnya berupa</span><span lang="EN-ID"> peninggalan zaman batu besar yaitu Situs Megalithikum. </span><span>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk identifikasi struktur batu bata di situs tersebut</span><span lang="EN-ID">. </span><span>Metode yang digunakan adalah</span><span lang="EN-ID"> metode geolistrik</span><span> konfigurasi wenner</span><span lang="EN-ID"> yang dapat menggambarkan kondisi bawah permukaan </span><span>dan dugaan stuktur batu bata </span><span lang="EN-ID">berdasarkan perbedaan nilai resistivitas batuan<em>. </em></span><span>Jumlah Lintasan pengukuran sebanyak </span><span lang="EN-ID">4 lintasan, dengan panjang untuk lintasan 1,3, dan 4 sepanjang 48 meter dengan spasi 1 meter sedangkan lintasan 2 sepanjang 96 meter dengan spasi 2 meter. Data hasil pengolahan berupa data penampang nilai resistivitas. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan, </span><span>didapatkan</span><span lang="EN-ID"> litologi batuan breksi, batuan andesit, dan lempung pasiran. Persebaran nilai resistivitas batuan breksi memiliki range nilai (34 – 101 Ωmeter), batuan andesit memiliki range (102 – 141 Ωmeter), batuan lempung pasiran memiliki range ( 26 – 33 Ωmeter), anomali terdeteksi dengan range nilai (19 - 25Ωmeter) sebagai batubata. Anomali tersebut terdapat pada lintasan 1, 3, dan 4. Penemuan anomali tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu pihak terkait untuk melakukan proses pengembangan selanjutnya.</span></p>
Characterization of optically thin cells and experimental liquid crystals
Authors: Bankova Denitsa , Brouckaert Nicolas , Podoliak Nina , Beddoes Benjamin , White Eleanor , Buchnev Oleksandr , Kaczmarek Malgosia , D’Alessandro Giampaolo 
Published: April 2022

The current development of new liquid crystal devices often requires the use of thin cells and new experimental materials. Characterizing these devices and materials with optical methods can be challenging if (1) the total phase lag is small (“thin cells”) or (2) the liquid crystal optical and dielectric properties are only partially known. We explore the limitations of these two challenges for efficient characterization and assessment of new, to the best of our knowledge, liquid crystal devices. We show that it is possible to extract a wealth of liquid crystal parameters even for cells with a phase lag of

Δ
Φ
≈
π

, such as E7 liquid crystal in a 1.5 µm cell, using cross-polarized intensity measurements. The reliability of the optical method is also demonstrated for liquid crystals without precise values of dielectric or refractive index coefficients.
The beneficial effect of chronic muscular exercise on muscle fragility is increased by Prox1 gene transfer in dystrophic mdx muscle
Authors: Monceau Alexandra , Delacroix Clément , Lemaitre Mégane , Revet Gaelle , Furling Denis , Agbulut Onnik , Klein Arnaud , Ferry Arnaud 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Greater muscle fragility is thought to cause the exhaustion of the muscle stem cells during successive degeneration/repair cycles, leading to muscle wasting and weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chronic voluntary exercise can partially reduce the susceptibility to contraction induced-muscle damage, i.e., muscle fragility, as shown by a reduced immediate maximal force drop following lengthening contractions, in the dystrophic mdx mice. Here, we studied the effect of Prospero-related homeobox factor 1 gene (Prox1) transfer (overexpression) using an AAV on fragility in chronically exercised mdx mice, because Prox1 promotes slower type fibres in healthy mice and slower fibres are less fragile in mdx muscle.

Methods
Both tibialis anterior muscles of the same mdx mouse received the transfer of Prox1 and PBS and the mice performed voluntary running into a wheel during 1 month. We also performed Prox1 transfer in sedentary mdx mice. In situ maximal force production of the muscle in response to nerve stimulation was assessed before, during and after 10 lengthening contractions. Molecular muscle parameters were also evaluated.

Results
Interestingly, Prox1 transfer reduced the isometric force drop following lengthening contractions in exercised mdx mice (p < 0.05 to 0.01), but not in sedentary mdx mice. It also increased the muscle expression of Myh7 (p < 0.001), MHC-2x (p < 0.01) and Trpc1 (p < 0.01), whereas it reduced that one of Myh4 (p < 0.001) and MHC-2b (p < 0.01) in exercised mdx mice. Moreover, Prox1 transfer decreased the absolute maximal isometric force (p < 0.01), but not the specific maximal isometric force, before lengthening contraction in exercised (p < 0.01) and sedentary mdx mice.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that Prox1 transfer increased the beneficial effect of chronic exercise on muscle fragility in mdx mice, but reduced absolute maximal force. Thus, the potential clinical benefit of the transfer of Prox1 into exercised dystrophic muscle can merit further investigation.
6 month serologic response to the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers
Authors: Cham Jason , Pandey Amitabh C. , New Jacob , Huynh Tridu , Hong Lee , Orendain Natalia , Topol Eric J. , Nicholson Laura J. 
Published: April 2022

Aim
Healthcare workers (HCWs) were among the first group of people vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). Characterization of the kinetics of antibody response to vaccination is important to devise future vaccination strategies. To better characterize the antibody response to BNT162b2, we analyzed the kinetics of IgG and IgM antibody response to 5 different SARS-CoV-2 epitopes over a period of 6 months.

Methods and results
An observational single-centered study was conducted to evaluate the temporal dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following immunization with two doses of BNT162b2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were assessed using the Maverick SARS-CoV-2 multi-antigen panel (Genalyte Inc.). Healthcare workers aged ≥18 receiving BNT162b2 vaccination who self-reported no prior symptoms of COVID-19 nor prior COVID-19 PCR test positivity, were included in this study. HCWs developed an IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1, Spike S1 receptor binding domain (RBD), Spike S1S2 and Spike S2 after vaccination. IgG response was observed at two weeks following immunization in most participant samples and continued to increase at week 4, but subsequently decreased significantly starting at 3 months and up to 6 months. In contrast, IgM response to respective epitopes was minimal.

Conclusion
Multiplex results demonstrate that, contrary to natural infection, immunization with BNT162b2 produces minimal anti-Spike IgM response. Polyclonal IgG response to Spike declined at 3 months and continued to do so up to 6 months.
Prognostic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) miRNA biomarkers for survival outcome in EBV-associated epithelial malignancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abusalah Mai Abdel Haleem , Irekeola Ahmad Adebayo , Hanim Shueb Rafidah , Jarrar Mu’taman , Yean Yean Chan 
Published: April 2022

Background
The EBV-associated epithelial tumours consist 80% of all EBV-associated cancer, where the nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) are considered as the most frequent EBV-associated epithelial tumours. It has been shown that the BART-encoded miRNAs are abundantly expressed in EBV-associated epithelial tumours, hence, these miRNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for EBV-associated epithelial tumours. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess these EBV miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for NPC and GC.

Method
This systematic review was developed based on PRISMA guidelines and utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google scholar databases. The retrieved articles were thoroughly screened in accordance with the selection criteria. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for patient survival outcomes were used to evaluate EBV miRNA expression levels. To assess the risk of bias, funnel plot symmetry and Egger’s bias test were employed.

Result
Eleven studies met the selection criteria for inclusion, and four were included in the meta-analysis. Most of the articles considered in this study were from China, with one study from South Korea. The overall pooled effect size estimation (HR) for upregulated EBV miRNAs was 3.168 (95% CI: 2.020–4.969), demonstrating that upregulated EBV miRNA expression enhanced the mortality risk in NPC and GC patients by three times.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that investigates the significance of EBV miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in NPC and GC patients. The pooled effect estimates of HR of the various studies revealed that higher EBV miRNA expression in NPC and GC may result in a worse survival outcome. To assess the clinical significance of EBV miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers, larger-scale prospective studies are needed.
COVID-19 precautionary practices and associated factors among clients visiting a tertiary hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bizuneh Hailemichael , Mohammed Shikur , Yesuf Aman 
Published: April 2022

Background
Despite efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, Addis Ababa, the country’s COVID-19 epicenter, is experiencing a sharp increase in the number of cases and death rate. While poor public adherence to COVID-19 precautionary practices is evident, factors associated with it are not well studied. We aimed to assess the level of practice of COVID-19 precaution and associated factors.

Methods
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from February 1st to 15th, 2021 at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, a tertiary teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We used a structured questionnaire to conduct a face-to-face exit interview with clients visiting the hospital. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit study participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were implemented to examine factors associated with precautionary practices. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. The Crude odds ratio (COR) and Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were reported with a 95% confidence interval.

Results
We analyzed data obtained from 262 participants. The mean age of participants was 36 (SD+12) years. The majority (207, 79%) of the study participants had a favorable attitude towards prevention and control measures of COVID-19. A little over half (116, 55.7%) of the respondents had a satisfactory level of practice of COVID-19 precautions. Living in an area with strict enforcement of COVID-19 precautionary measures [AOR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.22–4.15)], and having a favorable attitude of COVID-19 prevention [AOR: 4.88, 95% CI (2.08–11.68)] were significantly associated with satisfactory COVID-19 precautionary practices.

Conclusions
The level of practice of COVID-19 precaution was unsatisfactory. Favorable attitude and stricter enforcement of COVID-19 preventive measures might have contributed more to adherence to precautionary practices. The findings highlight the need for a public health education strategy targeted at improving attitudes of the community on COVID-19 focusing on the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Comparison of risks of arterial thromboembolic events and glaucoma with ranibizumab and aflibercept intravitreous injection: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chang Yin-Hsi , Chien Li-Nien , Chen Wan-Ting , Lin I-Chan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTo compare intravitreal aflibercept injection with intravitreal ranibizumab injection for the risk of major arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) and glaucoma.MethodsThis retrospective, nationwide cohort study investigated 15 611 and 3867 patients aged >50 years with at least one pharmacy claim for intravitreal ranibizumab injection and aflibercept injection between 2011 and 2016, respectively. The inverse probability of treatment weighting method was performed to adjust the baseline difference between the two groups and the hazard risk of adverse events was estimated using the Cox proportional regression model.ResultsNo significant difference was noted between intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept injection for arterial thromboembolic risk, including ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction, during a 2-year follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53–1.42;P= .583). Subgroup analyses revealed that patients age >65 years (adjusted HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.92) and those without coronary artery disease (adjusted HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37–0.95) had significantly lower arterial thromboembolic risk in the aflibercept group than in the ranibizumab group. Additionally, the risk of glaucoma development after intravitreal injection did not significantly differ between the two groups (adjusted HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.37–1.06;P= .084).ConclusionsNo significant differences in the risk of major ATEs and glaucoma were found between ranibizumab and aflibercept, and aflibercept might be safe for use in elderly patients.
The American Photo-Text, 1930–1960, Caroline Blinder (2019)
Authors: Gürsel Bahar 
Published: April 2022

Review of: The American Photo-Text, 1930–1960, Caroline Blinder (2019)
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 249 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47440-412-9 h/bk £75.00, p/bk £19.99
Real hypersurfaces in ℂP
2 and ℂH
2 with constant scalar curvature
Authors: Wang Yaning 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, Hopf hypersurfaces in a complex projective plane ℂP
2(c) or a complex hyperbolic plane ℂH
2(c) with constant scalar curvature are classified. For a non-Hopf hypersurface in ℂP
2(c) with constant scalar curvature r, it is proved that if the structure vector field is an eigenvector of the Ricci operator, then either r = 7c/2 or r = 3c/2. Moreover, these two cases are determined completely under an additional condition.
Counting isolated points outside the image of a polynomial map
Authors: Hilany Boulos El 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider a generic family of polynomial maps f := (f
1, f
2) : ℂ2 → ℂ2 with given supports of polynomials, and degree deg f := max(deg f
1, deg f
2). We show that the (non-) properness of maps f in this family depends uniquely on the pair of supports, and that the set of isolated points in ℂ2 ∖ f(ℂ2) has a size of at most 6 deg f. This improves an existing upper bound (deg f – 1)2 proven by Jelonek. Moreover, for each n ∈ ℕ, we construct a dominant map f as above, with deg f = 2n + 2, and having 2n isolated points in ℂ2 ∖ f(ℂ2). Our proofs are constructive and can be adapted to a method for computing isolated missing points of f. As a byproduct, we describe those points in terms of singularities of the bifurcation set of f.
Boundary element analysis of rotating functionally graded anisotropic fiber-reinforced magneto-thermoelastic composites
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Almehmadi Mohammed M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The primary goal of this article is to implement a dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) to analyze problems of rotating functionally graded anisotropic fiber-reinforced magneto-thermoelastic composites. To solve the governing equations in the half-space deformation model, an implicit–implicit scheme was utilized in conjunction with the DRBEM because of its advantages, such as dealing with more complex shapes of fiber-reinforced composites and not requiring the discretization of the internal domain. So, DRBEM has low RAM and CPU usage. As a result, it is adaptable and effective for dealing with complex fiber-reinforced composite problems. For various generalized magneto-thermoelasticity theories, transient temperature, displacements, and thermal stresses have been computed numerically. The numerical results are represented graphically to demonstrate the effects of functionally graded parameters and rotation on magnetic thermal stresses in the fiber direction. To validate the proposed method, the obtained results were compared to those obtained using the normal mode method, the finite difference method, and the finite element method. The outcomes of these three methods are extremely consistent.
A comprehensive study about low-cost and limited bandwidth FMCW bio-radar: detailed analyses on vital signs measurements
Authors: Seflek Ibrahim , Yaldiz Ercan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a bio-radar system has been constituted using a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with low cost and limited bandwidth, taking into account of the lack of range the continuous wave (CW) radar. The displacement and vibration frequencies have been determined at a distance of 3.5–5 m for single and multiple targets via the help of the target test mechanism. Then, the detection of vital signs has been achieved with healthy human subject measurements. For a single human subject, respiration rate (RR) errors at 3.5 m and 5 m distances are 4% and 4.42%, respectively, and 13.25% and 15.16% for heartbeat rate (HR). In multiple targets measurements, although targets do not create an obstacle to each other, a slight deterioration has been observed in the signals and the error rates increase. The results show that bio-radar have a promising future to replace contact devices in medical applications.
Clinical instruction in mental health nursing: students’ perceptions of best practices
Authors: Wenzel Chris , Melrose Sherri , Lane Annette , Kent-Wilkinson Arlene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Negative clinical educational experiences for student nurses are predictors of negative attitudes and perceptions towards mental health. In clinical education, instructors take on this important role often with little to no formal training. This study explored nursing students’ perceptions of instructional best practices in mental health clinical education.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive design was used, and 10 Canadian baccalaureate nursing (BN) students were interviewed. These students had completed a six-week practicum on an acute inpatient psychiatric unit in either their second, third or fourth year of study.

Results
Through thematic analysis, three themes were identified: (1) Students valued feeling prepared at the beginning of the clinical placement. (2) Students felt empowered when instructors encouraged self-direction. (3) Students appreciated positive role modeling by their instructors.

Conclusions
Suggestions for clinical teaching strategies are made to mitigate student stress, increase confidence, and address the influence of mental health stigma on learning.