bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the normal nasal mucosa and in chronic sinusitis
Authors: Zhang Zhili , Peng Haoran , Lai Ju , Jiang Liangliang , Wang Liefu , Jin Shengkai , Fan Kai , Zhang Zimu , Zhao Chuanliang , Deng Dan , Zhao Ping , Gao Zhengliang , Yu Shaoqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman nasal mucosa is susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and serves as a reservoir for viral replication before spreading to other organs (e.g. the lung and brain) and transmission to other individuals. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common respiratory tract disease and there is evidence suggesting that susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection differs between the two known subtypes, eosinophilic CRS and non‐ECRS (NECRS). However, the mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the human nasal mucosa and its association with CRS has not been experimentally validated. In this study, we investigated whether the human nasal mucosa is susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and how different endotypes of CRS impact on viral infection and progression. Primary human nasal mucosa tissue culture revealed highly efficient SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection and production, with particularly high susceptibility in the NECRS group. The gene expression differences suggested that human nasal mucosa is highly susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, presumably due to an increase in ACE2‐expressing cells and a deficiency in antiviral immune response, especially for NECRS. Importantly, patients with NECRS may be at a particularly high risk of viral infection and transmission, and therefore, close monitoring should be considered.
Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System
Authors: Guo Fenfen , Wang Hong , Ye Xinyi , Tan Choon‐Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCombining visible‐light photoredox catalysis with other kinds of catalysis is a powerful strategy to address the barriers met in reactions driven by single catalyst. Under environmentally benign condition, photoredox catalysis produces radical species via visible light irradiation. These species then work with other catalysts, often resulting in unconventional reactivities, by which the scope of reaction could be expanded. Interest focusing on photocatalysis in the synthetic chemistry community has grown tremendously over the past five years, and one of the most striking emerging features is the development of dual catalytic approaches. This minireview summarizes the progress on this theme, mainly including dual catalytic systems merging photoredox activation with acid/base catalysts.
Dynamics of alternating current electric field–assisted non‐Newtonian droplet formation with geometry confinement
Authors: Yin Shuai , Huang Yi , Li Haiwang , Wong Teck Neng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, microfluidic techniques have been widely applied for biomaterial droplet manipulations due to their precision and efficiency. Many biosamples such as deoxyribonucleic acid and blood samples are non‐Newtonian fluids with complex rheology, which brings challenges in control over them. The electric field is characterized by fast response and excellent adaptation to control microscale fluid flow. Here, we systematically investigate the alternating current electric field–assisted formation of non‐Newtonian droplet in a flow‐focusing microchannel with different sizes of channel orifice. The dependencies of flow conditions, microchannel geometries and electric parameters on the dynamics of non‐Newtonian droplet formation are thus elucidated. An effective capacitance electric model is developed to reveal and predict the interaction between the fluid flow and the electric field. Furthermore, the flow field of non‐Newtonian droplet formation is captured via the high‐speed microparticle image velocimetry system. The characteristics of the regimes of droplet formation and the influences of the channel orifice are revealed quantitatively. Our work offers elaborate references to the control of non‐Newtonian droplet formation, which benefits a wide range of applications in biology and chemistry.
Paraglacial exposure and collapse of glacial sediment: The 2013 landslide onto Svínafellsjökull, southeast Iceland
Authors: Ben‐Yehoshua Daniel , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn , Helgason Jón Kristinn , Belart Joaquin M. C. , Sigurðsson Jón Viðar , Erlingsson Sigurður 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the last 130 years, Icelandic glaciers have experienced significant mass loss, and numerous paraglacial slope failures have been documented in the country. One such failure occurred in late February 2013, when a large landslide fell onto the Svínafellsjökull outlet glacier in southeast Iceland. Digital elevation models and aerial imagery were used to quantify the glacial and paraglacial changes leading up to the event, reconstructing the processes that occurred during the landslide and the effects of the debris on the glacier surface. Between 1994 and 2013, glacier thinning and glacier‐retreat exposed a steep lateral moraine perched on bedrock which later failed and caused the landslide. Increased pore‐water pressure after an intense rainstorm and potential fluvial erosion at the toe of the source area are considered to be the primary trigger mechanisms. Morphological evidence indicates multiple phases of movement in the source area and a highly water‐rich debris avalanche on Svínafellsjökull. The debris reached a runout distance of almost 4 km and affected an area of about 1.7 km2. The estimated displaced volume of the slide is 5.33 ± 0.08 × 106 m3, making it the largest documented landslide originating from unconsolidated material in Iceland. The glacier surface ablation beneath the debris deposits was reduced due to insulation, whereas increased glacier thinning was observed surrounding the deposits, resulting in an up to 35 m height difference between the debris‐free and the debris‐covered ice by 2020. This study shows that large catastrophic landslides can originate from, and result in the formation of ice‐cored or frozen sediment complexes and highlights the potential risk coming from similar slopes around the world as glaciers continue to recede and the number of paraglacial landslides increases.
Investigation of supercapacitor cyclic degradation through impedance spectroscopy and Randles circuit model
Authors: Poonam  , Vyas Mayank , Jangid Dinesh Kumar , Rohan Rupesh , Pareek Kapil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh power density and long cyclic stability are important characteristics that make supercapacitor suitable for many industrial applications. Measurement of equivalent series resistance and capacitance, is a general way to investigate performance of the Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC). In this work, a Panasonic EDLC (10F) was investigated under cyclic degradation and monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterisation and Randles circuit model. After fitting, it was observed that series resistance was increased up to 80% and parallel capacitance was decreased up to 22%. The EIS data were validated using Kramers‐Kronig Transformation to check causality, linearity, and stability in the system.
Influence of in‐amphorae vinification on the molecular profile of Sangiovese and Cabernet Franc
Authors: Martellini Tania , Sposato Laura , Pucci Susanna , Meoni Gaia , Marinelli Cristian , Tenori Leonardo , Luchinat Claudio , Giorgi Rodorico , Sarti Chiara , Cincinelli Alessandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, some wine producers have re‐evaluated the role of micro‐oxygenation guaranteed by the porosity of the earthenware in the fermentation and refinement phases and, thus, the potential and limitations of this technique on the flavour and aromatic profile of wine need further investigations. The wine volatile profile was analysed by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, and the volatile compound percentages in Sangiovese and Cabernet Franc vinified in Stainless Steel Containers and in amphorae over time were compared. Results showed that the in‐amphorae vinification enhances the aromatic components of the Cabernet Franc wine, while there is no substantial difference for Sangiovese wine. A metabolomic approach was also attempted for the first time, and the NMR analysis highlighted a difference between the spectra of the samples vinified in‐amphorae with respect to those vinified in steel suggesting a potential new approach to obtain a significant traceability.
Co‐administration of Inulin and Iron Fortificants improves Iron Deficiency Biomarkers in Female Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Rizwan Ahmad Abdul Momin , Farooq Umar , Anees Mariam , Anis Riffat Aysha , Rashid Summer , Ahmed Waqas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicronutrient deficiencies affect approximately 2 billion people worldwide and iron deficiency anemia is one of them. The instant research was an attempt to determine the efficacy of co‐administration of two iron fortificants (NaFeEDTA and FeSO4) and inulin (a prebiotic) on serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron‐binding capacity in iron‐deficient female Sprague Dawley rats. For this research, rats were divided into ten groups, (two control and eight treatment groups). Treatment groups were made iron deficient by feeding them with triapine, an iron binder for two weeks. All treatment groups were fed with inulin at two different dosage levels along with iron fortificants. The study results showed that serum ferritin and serum iron levels significantly improved from initiation to termination of study. Also, mean values of total iron‐binding capacity and serum transferrin showed a steady decline over a period of three months indicating that iron stores were being improved. It was concluded that co‐administration of inulin and iron fortificants helped improve iron deficiency biomarkers in female Sprague Dawley rats.
A novel mouse model of diffuse midline glioma initiated in neonatal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells highlights cell‐of‐origin dependent effects of H3K27M
Authors: Tomita Yusuke , Shimazu Yosuke , Somasundaram Agila , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Takata Nozomu , Ishi Yukitomo , Gadd Samantha , Hashizume Rintaro , Angione Angelo , Pinero Gonzalo , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Brat Daniel J. , Hoeman Christine M. , Becher Oren J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a type of lethal brain tumor that develops mainly in children. The majority of DMG harbor the K27M mutation in histone H3. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the brainstem are candidate cells‐of‐origin for DMG, yet there is no genetically engineered mouse model of DMG initiated in OPCs. Here, we used the RCAS/Tv‐a avian retroviral system to generate DMG in Olig2‐expressing progenitors and Nestin‐expressing progenitors in the neonatal mouse brainstem. PDGF‐A or PDGF‐B overexpression, along with p53 deletion, resulted in gliomas in both models. Exogenous overexpression of H3.3K27M had a significant effect on tumor latency and tumor cell proliferation when compared with H3.3WT in Nestin+ cells but not in Olig2+ cells. Further, the fraction of H3.3K27M‐positive cells was significantly lower in DMGs initiated in Olig2+ cells relative to Nestin+ cells, both in PDGF‐A and PDGF‐B‐driven models, suggesting that the requirement for H3.3K27M is reduced when tumorigenesis is initiated in Olig2+ cells. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in H3.3K27M tumors were non‐overlapping between Olig2;PDGF‐B, Olig2;PDGF‐A, and Nestin;PDGF‐A models. GSEA analysis of PDGFA tumors confirmed that the transcriptomal effects of H3.3K27M are cell‐of‐origin dependent with H3.3K27M promoting epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis when Olig2 marks the cell‐of‐origin and inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis when Nestin marks the cell‐of‐origin. We did observe some overlap with H3.3K27M promoting negative enrichment of TNFA_Signaling_Via_NFKB in both models. Our study suggests that the tumorigenic effects of H3.3K27M are cell‐of‐origin dependent, with H3.3K27M being more oncogenic in Nestin+ cells than Olig2+ cells.
Bidirectional influences between seizures and dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Ning , Chen Haitao , Zhang Wenjun , Yao Jundi , Tu Qianqian , Yu Xiaowen , Sun Xiaomao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesDementia and seizures often co‐exist, but the association between these two disorders is not well established. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between seizures and dementia.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, and CNKI databases were used to search for relevant publications from inception to August 25, 2021. Data extraction was performed by two authors independently. The random‐effects model was adopted to evaluate the pooled estimates.ResultsTwo nested case‐control studies and 18 cohort studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Seizures were associated with the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the pooled relative risk (RR) was 2.51 [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.87–3.36, p < 0.001] and 1.61 (95% CI = 1.42–1.82, p < 0.001), respectively. Pooled RR estimating the effect of dementia on seizures risk was 3.68 (95% CI = 3.05–4.44, p < 0.001). In addition, the pooled effect size of dementia on epilepsy risk was 3.02 (95% CI = 2.16–4.23, p < 0.001). The subgroup analyses suggested that vascular risk factors could confound the associations between these two disorders. Seizures might independently and significantly increase the risk of dementia, and in turn, dementia might predispose an individual to a higher risk of seizures.ConclusionsThese results suggested that dementia and seizures share common pathogenesis and might be treated with similar preventive treatment measures. Vascular changes in patients with dementia or seizures should also be examined.
Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity after sleep deprivation from temporal variability perspective
Authors: Sun Jinbo , Zhao Rui , He Zhaoyang , Chang Mengying , Wang Fumin , Wei Wei , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhu Yuanqiang , Xi Yibin , Yang Xuejuan , Qin Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSleep deprivation (SD) is very common in modern society and regarded as a potential causal mechanism of several clinical disorders. Previous neuroimaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms of SD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from static (comparing two MRI sessions [one after SD and one after resting wakefulness]) and dynamic (using repeated MRI during one night of SD) perspectives. Recent SD researches have focused on the dynamic functional brain organization during the resting‐state scan. Our present study adopted a novel metric (temporal variability), which has been successfully applied to many clinical diseases, to examine the dynamic functional connectivity after SD in 55 normal young subjects. We found that sleep‐deprived subjects showed increased regional‐level temporal variability in large‐scale brain regions, and decreased regional‐level temporal variability in several thalamus subregions. After SD, participants exhibited enhanced intra‐network temporal variability in the default mode network (DMN) and increased inter‐network temporal variability in numerous subnetwork pairs. Furthermore, we found that the inter‐network temporal variability between visual network and DMN was negative related with the slowest 10% respond speed (β = −.42, p = 5.57 × 10−4) of the psychomotor vigilance test after SD following the stepwise regression analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that sleep‐deprived subjects showed abnormal dynamic brain functional configuration, which provides new insights into the neural underpinnings of SD and contributes to our understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical disorders.
Inferring watershed‐scale mean snowfall magnitude and distribution using multidecadal snow reanalysis patterns and snow pillow observations
Authors: Pflug Justin M. , Margulis Steven A. , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe magnitude and spatial heterogeneity of snow are difficult to model in mountainous terrain. We investigated how historic snow patterns from a 32‐year (1985–2016) snow reanalysis, which uses the timing and rate of remotely‐sensed snow disappearance to reconstruct snow water equivalent in past years, could be used to improve current year simulations of snowfall in the Upper Tuolumne, Upper Kings, and Sagehen Creek watersheds in California's Sierra Nevada. Building on past research linking observations of fractional snow‐covered area (fSCA) to spatial patterns of snow water equivalent, fSCA maps were used to identify pairs of dates from historic years in the reanalysis with similar snow accumulation and depletion patterns. Historic snow accumulation patterns were then used to extrapolate snow accumulation observed by snow pillows to 90 m snowfall fields. These 90 m snowfall fields were used as input for snow simulations, the accuracy of which were evaluated versus airborne lidar snow depth observations. Except for water‐year 2015, which had record low snow in the Sierra Nevada and unique snow patterns, normalized snow accumulation and depletion patterns identified from historic dates with spatially correlated fSCA agreed with each other well, with mean absolute differences of approximately 10%. Domain mean winter snowfall inferred from the relationship between historic snow accumulation patterns and current year snow pillow observations had a ±13% interquartile range of biases, relative to the snow reanalysis. Finally, snow depth simulations using snow pillow observed snowfall extrapolated with historic snow accumulation patterns had 70% better coefficients of correlations, and 27% better mean absolute errors, as compared to simulations using more common snowfall forcing. This work demonstrates the benefits of repeatable snowfall patterns and satellite‐era snow reanalyses in mountainous regions with uncertain snowfall magnitude and spatial heterogeneity.
Assessment of diminishing discharge of springs in Central Himalayan region, India
Authors: Vijhani Ayushi , Sinha Vinay Shankar Prasad , Vishwakarma Chandrashekhar Azad , Singh Prashant , Sharma Sudhir Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUttarakhand is witnessing a drastic decrease in spring discharge which leads to scarcity of drinking water for Himalayan inhabitants. This study uses a novel approach to assess the surface‐subsurface interaction of water, pivotal for estimating the status of spring discharge. Hydrological modelling has been used to quantify the diminishing discharge of spring and their associated factors, including changes in land practises and precipitation patterns. The coupling of the soil water assessment tool (SWAT) and MIKE hydro NAM model was proposed in the study to assess the decreasing discharge for an ungauged watershed. The model performance evaluated between the SWAT and the MIKE hydro NAM model indicated a very good index of agreement (d = 0.81). Field‐based spring discharge investigations were conducted in almost all watersheds in the study area. The MIKE hydro NAM model showed a good index of agreement (d = 0.79) with the observed spring discharge. Further, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique was applied over 17 driving factors based on hydrological parameters including topography, structural geology, land use/land cover and future annual precipitation (till 2030) under the RCP 4.5 scenario to understand the status of diminishing discharge of springs. The accuracy between the observed spring discharge and the GWR indicated a good index of agreement (d = 0.86). The results indicate that annual spring discharges will be significantly reduced up to 50% from 1975 to near future (2030), posing a threat to the drinking water supply. The proposed approach is replicable and scalable for ungauged river systems of the Himalayas. The study demonstrates the methods such as trend analysis of precipitation behaviour, land use change dynamics using remote sensing techniques, structural geological investigation through field measurements and hydrodynamic modelling are important for understanding surface‐subsurface interaction. The findings of the study help to identify the critical recharge zones for implementing the spring revival and rejuvenation programmes.
Lake basins drive variation in catchment‐scale runoff response over a decade of increasing rainfall in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Arp Christopher D. , Whitman Matthew S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLakes basins cover wide extents of many Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) landscapes and thus are integral components of hydrological processes. Observed variation in runoff responses between two adjacent catchments being monitored pre‐ and post‐development in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR‐A) suggested the need to better understand how lake basins, both current lakes and drained lake basins (DLBs), modify flow regimes. A progressive increase in summer rainfall over this monitoring period, 2009–2019, also provided an opportunity to assess how watershed characteristics interacted with hydrologic intensification. Stream gauging records from eight other nearby catchments ranging from 16 to 270 km2 with varying extents of lakes (14%–47%) and DLBs (5%–57%) expanded our analysis of ACP hydrology. Wider DLB extent corresponded to higher and more rapid snowmelt peak flows and this relationship also became evident during rainstorms in summers with high antecedent surface storage. Mean annual runoff and summer low‐flows were best explained by extent of connected lakes. Over this period of increasing summer rainfall, all hydrograph responses became more closely related to the full extent of lake basins suggesting expanding connectivity. Our final year of complete hydrologic records in 2019 was punctuated by a 30‐mm late‐summer rainfall event, which generated flow peaks nearly exceeding snowmelt runoff at several gauges, specifically ones with high extent of DLBs. This rain‐event response underscored the increasing need to include both lakes and DLBs in models of ACP watershed hydrology. An improved understanding of catchment‐scale controls on variable hydrologic responses will be increasingly essential for mitigating hazards to new and existing development, predicting floods, drought, and water supply, and protecting aquatic ecosystem functioning and habitat as the Arctic hydrologic cycle intensifies and development expands.
Effects of monetary policy on the skill premium and the growth rate in a directed technical change model with heterogeneous cash‐in‐advance constraints
Authors: Afonso Oscar , Lima Pedro G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the balanced‐growth‐path effects of monetary policy (inflation) on the skill premium and the growth rate in the context of a directed technical change model with cash‐in‐advance (CIA) constraints specific to the unskilled and skilled sectors. Calibrating the model using data from 36 countries, the presence of more stringent CIA constraints in the unskilled sector, as supported by the literature, causes inflation to have a positive effect on the skill premium. Moreover, it also increases the negative impact of inflation on the growth rate in relation to the baseline scenario of homogeneous CIA constraints. A lower labour share and higher inflation in general magnify these effects on both variables while a relative lower importance of the unskilled sector does the opposite with respect to the skill premium. Therefore this article innovates in three important ways: (i) we add an additional channel through which inflation affects inequality; (ii) we highlight the importance of avoiding ignoring differences of liquidity constraints across the economy in the context of endogenous growth models to not underestimate the negative long‐run impacts of inflation; (iii) the results suggest that developing countries that have difficulty in achieving price stability in the long‐run can mitigate the negative effects of inflation by reducing constraints faced by the unskilled sector and promoting the development of the skilled sector.