bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Middle East and North Africa: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐ma'aitah Odai Hamed , Demant Daniel , Jakimowicz Samantha , Perry Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the patient‐related factors that have been linked to glycaemic control in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middle Eastern countries.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesA computerized search was conducted using the databases MEDLINE (via PubMed and Ovid), EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL to identify peer‐reviewed articles published in English between 1 January 2010 and 21 May 2020. On 28 June 2021, the search was updated with the same keywords and databases; however, no further relevant studies were identified.Review MethodsExtracted data were analysed using Review Manager 5.4.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 54 articles with a total of 41,079 participants. Pooled data showed an increased risk of inadequate glycaemic control in smokers [OR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.52; p = .010], obese patients (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.54; p = .002), patients with elevated waist to hip ratio (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.26; p = .004) and longer disease duration (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.48; p < .001). A lower risk of inadequate control was associated with physical activity (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.67; p < .001) and self‐management (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.82; p = .006).ConclusionThese findings highlight the opportunity to address factors to improve glycaemic control. Further longitudinal studies are required to better understand these variations, to assess all predictors of glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes, and to provide a strong basis for future measures to optimize glycaemic control.
Building a community‐academic partnership to improve screening for intimate partner violence: Integrating advocates in healthcare clinic settings
Authors: Schubert Erin C. , Galambos Colleen M. , Jerofke‐Owen Teresa , Arrington Erica , Jordan Greer C. , Lodh Nilanjan , Paquette Heidi , Chelimsky Gisela , Piacentine Linda B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo develop an innovative community‐academic partnership to advance, test and promote intimate partner violence screening and referral protocols by comparing the effect of integrating intimate partner violence advocates versus enhancing medical training in medical clinic settings serving women from vulnerable populations. Detecting intimate partner violence in healthcare settings allows for survivors to connect to safety and referral resources prior to violence escalating. Screening for intimate partner violence and connecting patients to referral resources requires creating a safe and trusting relationship between healthcare providers and patients. Developing screening and referral protocols responsive to survivors' needs requires involvement of clinic staff, survivors and community agencies that support survivors.DesignThree phases of the project include Discovery, Implementation and Dissemination. Mixed‐methodology will help in understanding current practices and effects of interventions.MethodsActions included in each phase: Discovery: 1) nurse‐led focus groups of clinic staff, providers and survivors to understand current clinic practices; 2) retrospective chart review of the number of screens performed, positive screens detected and interventions performed. Implementation: 1) randomization of patients to be interviewed by a trained advocate or by healthcare provider with enhanced training; and 2) assess the number of screenings and referrals performed in each arm and 3) evaluate outcomes of intervention. Dissemination through: presentations, manuscripts and policy recommendations at the institutional and regional level. This IRB‐approved proposal was funded in July 2021 by an Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin grant.DiscussionThe partnership has improved channels of communication and understanding between diverse clinical care providers, survivors and community agency staff as they navigate the complex challenges to the development and integration of screening and referral protocols.ImpactThis project will provide evidence of the most effective intimate partner violence screening and referral methodology that can be utilized in a wide variety of medical settings.
Pandemic perspectives from the frontline—The nursing stories
Authors: Polinard Elizabeth L. , Ricks Tiffany N. , Duke Ellen Stoetzner , Lewis Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the experiences of registered nurses working in a US healthcare system during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignThis qualitative thematic analysis study is a secondary analysis of stories submitted by nurses to a repository established by the parent study.MethodsRegistered nurses working in various roles in a healthcare system submitted stories (N = 45) to open‐ended prompts via an online repository between June 2020 and February 2021. A team of three nurse scientists coded the stories using Dedoose software. Initial codes were then reviewed by the team to synthesize initial coding into themes. The COREQ checklist was used to ensure research reporting guidelines were met.ResultsThematic analysis revealed three themes in a global theme of COVID‐19 pandemic‐related personal and professional evolution: (1) The art and science of pandemic nursing, (2) Persisting despite challenges; and (3) Learning as we went. Each of the three organizing themes were supported by basic themes.ConclusionsIdentified themes affirm some of nursing's long‐standing core values, such as the central role of human connectedness in restoring health, but findings also reflect new evolutionary processes of moral identity formation that occurred among nurses and the nursing profession during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ImpactFindings from this study describe the processes by which nurses' moral identity evolved during a segment of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Collectively, these evolutions represent important shifts in the nursing profession. Using findings from this study, nurse educators, nurse managers and healthcare administrators will be able to implement effective, sustainable policies and processes that meet the needs of both the community and the workforce.No Patient or Public ContributionThis study was designed to capture the experiences of nurses employed by one healthcare organization. However, it was not conducted using input or suggestions from the public or the patient population served by the organization.
Ultrastructural characterisation of young and aged dental enamel by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Leiva‐Sabadini Camila , Schuh Christina MAP , Barrera Nelson P. , Aguayo Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent advances in atomic force microscopy (AFM) have allowed the characterisation of dental‐associated biomaterials and biological surfaces with high resolution. In this context, the topography of dental enamel – the hardest mineralised tissue in the body – has been explored with AFM‐based approaches at the microscale. With age, teeth are known to suffer changes that can impact their structural stability and function; however, changes in enamel structure because of ageing have not yet been explored with nanoscale resolution. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory work was to optimise an approach to characterise the ultrastructure of dental enamel and determine potential differences in topography, hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal size, and surface roughness at the nanoscale associated to ageing. For this, a total of six teeth were collected from human donors from which enamel specimens were prepared. By employing intermittent contact (AC mode) imaging, HA crystals were characterised in both transversal and longitudinal orientation (respect to surface plane) with high resolution in environmental conditions. The external enamel surface displayed the presence of a pellicle‐like coating on its surface that was not observable on cleaned specimens. Acid‐etching exposed crystals that were imaged and morphologically characterised in high resolution at the nanoscale in both the external and internal regions of enamel in older and younger specimens. Our results demonstrated important individual variations in HA crystal width and roughness parameters across the analysed specimens; however, an increase in surface roughness and decrease in HA width was observed for the pooled older external enamel group compared to younger specimens. Overall, high‐resolution AFM was an effective approach for the qualitative and quantitative characterisation of human dental enamel ultrastructure. Future work should focus on exploring the ageing of dental enamel with increased sample sizes to compensate for individual differences as well as other potential confounding factors such as behavioural habits and mechanical forces.
Pregnant and Postpartum Women's Perceptions of Barriers to and Enablers of Physical Activity During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: McKeough Regan , Blanchard Christopher , Piccinini‐Vallis Helena 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPhysical activity throughout pregnancy has been shown to have health benefits for the pregnant person, including reductions in the risk of preeclampsia and gestational weight gain and improvements in blood pressure regulation. Despite the benefits, many pregnant women do not meet the guidelines for physical activity throughout pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to determine what influences women's activity levels during pregnancy. This systematic review of the qualitative literature aimed to determine pregnant and postpartum women's perceptions of barriers to and enablers of physical activity, specifically during pregnancy.MethodsMEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase were searched systematically to identify qualitative studies investigating pregnant or postpartum women's perceptions of barriers to and enablers of physical activity during pregnancy. Included studies were limited to populations of pregnant or postpartum women, the majority of whom were aged 18 to 40 years, and studies published from 1985 onward. Data quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. Data were extracted using NVivo software and subsequently mapped on the COM‐B framework.ResultsTwenty‐five qualitative studies were included in this systematic review. Sixteen themes were identified that mapped onto 6 components of the COM‐B framework. Commonly reported barriers to physical activity during pregnancy included pregnancy symptoms, lack of knowledge of what constitutes safe activity, and the opinions of women's social circles. Commonly reported enablers of physical activity during pregnancy were social support and the experienced benefits, including physiologic, psychological, and social benefits.DiscussionThe results of this systematic review have clinical implications for perinatal care providers, as the overall benefits of physical activity during pregnancy have been well documented in previous studies. The authors recommend clinicians aim to explore pregnant women's perspectives on physical activity during pregnancy in order to be able to address their perceived barriers to and enablers of physical activity during pregnancy.
Up‐regulation of cell division cycle 20 expression alters the morphology of neuronal dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens by promoting FMRP ubiquitination
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Fei , Zhu Jun , Feng Dayun , Shi Yingwu , Qu Liang , Li Yang , Guo Kang , Zhang Yue , Wang Qiang , Wang Naigeng , Wang Xuelian , Ge Shunnan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is the key area of the reward circuit, but its heterogeneity has been poorly studied. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing, we revealed a subcluster of GABAergic neurons characterized by cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) mRNA expression in the NAc of adult rats. We studied the coexpression of Cdc20 and Gad1 mRNA in the NAc neurons of adult rats and assessed Cdc20 protein expression in the NAc during rat development. Moreover, we microinjected AAV2/9‐hSyn‐Cdc20 with or without the dual‐AAV system into the bilateral NAc for sparse labeling to observe changes in the synaptic morphology of mature neurons and assessed rat behaviors in open field and elevated plus maze tests. Furthermore, we performed the experiments with a Cdc20 inhibitor, Cdc20 over‐expression AAV vector, and Cdc20 conditional knockout primary striatal neurons to understand the ubiquitination‐dependent degradation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed the mRNA expression of Cdc20 in the NAc GABAergic neurons of adult rats, and its protein level was decreased significantly 3 weeks post‐birth. Up‐regulated Cdc20 expression in the bilateral NAc decreased the dendritic spine density in mature neurons and induced anxiety‐like behavior in rats. Cdc20‐APC triggered FMRP degradation through K48‐linked polyubiquitination in Neuro‐2a cells and primary striatal neurons and down‐regulated FMRP expression in the NAc of adult rats. These data revealed that up‐regulation of Cdc20 in the bilateral NAc reduced dendritic spine density and led to anxiety‐like behaviors, possibly by enhancing FMRP degradation via K48‐linked polyubiquitination.
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Impact of defensins‐containing body cream on skin composition
Authors: Eggerstedt Michael , Torres‐Maldonado Solymar , Danielian Arman , Hwang Song Hon Josh , Echanique Kristen A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsDefensins are peptides capable of reactivating latent LGR6 stem cells in the basal layer. When applied topically, these peptides can reduce signs of skin aging and increase dermal thickness. This study investigates the effects of a topical defensin formulation on extremity skin composition.MethodsAn open label, single arm clinical trial was conducted on participants with dry, photoaged, or dull skin. A defensin‐containing hand and body cream was applied twice daily for 6 weeks to the hands, forearms, elbows, and knees. Photographs and objective measurements of skin hydration, viscoelasticity (VE), retraction time (RT), thickness, density/transepidermal water loss (TEWL), as well as self‐evaluation of skin quality and characteristics were obtained pre‐ and post‐ intervention.ResultsAfter the study period, RT decreased by 56% across all body sites (p < 0.001) and VE improved at the elbow (125%, p = 0.009) and knee (110%, p < 0.001). Skin density also increased in all 4 body sites (40%, p < 0.001), while skin thickness increased at the elbow (29%, p = 0.03) and knee (17%, p = 0.04). Skin hydration increased at the elbow, knee, and forearm by 99%, 28%, and 16%, respectively (p < 0.05), while TEWL improved at the elbow only (−39%, p = 0.02). Patients' self‐evaluations showed improvements in overall skin quality and in the domains of dryness, ashiness, wrinkling, pigmentation, redness, roughness, and discomfort (p < 0.05).ConclusionsFollowing 6‐week use of a defensin‐containing cream, subjects reported significant improvement across many subjective skin domains. Similarly, objective measurements demonstrated significant improvement in skin architecture at select sites.
Getting married in a highly individualized context: Commitment and gender equality matter
Authors: Ohlsson‐Wijk Sofi , Brandén Maria , Duvander Ann‐Zofie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the roles of commitment and gender equality for marriage formation in a highly individualized and gender‐egalitarian context.BackgroundMarriage is commonly perceived as a more committed form of union than cohabitation. Individualization perspectives propose that this discourages marriage formation, whereas gender perspectives suggest that this is only the case for couples living inegalitarian lives.MethodThe roles of marriage attitudes and gender equality for marriage formation are studied among 1085 cohabiting men and women born in Sweden in 1968–1980 using the 2003 wave of the Young Adult Panel Study, which is based on a stratified random sample. The authors examine how cohabitants perceive: (1) the level of commitment in cohabitation versus marriage and (2) the division of housework in their current relationship, and link these factors to population register data showing the individuals' likelihood of marrying in 2004–2007.ResultsCohabitants are more likely to marry if they believe that marriage indicates relationship seriousness, but less likely if they see a marriage as more difficult to leave than cohabitation. Gender equality, measured as satisfaction with the division of housework, appears to be positively related to marriage formation. Whether perceiving marriage as a particularly committed form of union is more positive for marriage formation among gender‐equal couples remains unclear, as the direction of the findings varies and statistical power is low.ConclusionEven in a highly individualized context, cohabitants seek certain forms of commitment through marriage. Gender equality plays a role, but needs further investigation.
Oral hypofunction and association with need for daily assistance among older adults in long‐term care
Authors: Oura Riki , Mäntylä Päivi , Saarela Riitta , Hiltunen Kaija 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral hypofunction (OHF) is related to occlusal status and bite force. It has specific symptoms and varying degrees of severity.ObjectivesOHF was determined with five signs. The relationships between OHF and need for assistance in oral hygiene, moving, eating and occlusal status in older adults living in long‐term care (LTC) were examined.MethodsA comprehensive clinical oral examination was conducted on 393 residents who lived in LTC in Helsinki, Finland. The five signs to determine OHF were mouth dryness, visible food residue on oral or denture surfaces, ability to keep the mouth open during examination, clearness of speech, and diet of pureed or soft food. Score points of 0–2 were given for each sign, and the sum was categorised as mild, moderate or severe OHF. Participants were divided into three groups accordingly, and occlusal status was determined based on contact units. In addition, nurses collected background information on number of medications and level of cognition. Need for assistance was based on oral hygiene, moving and eating.ResultsOf participants (n = 319), 21% showed severe and 41% moderate OHF. Occlusal status differences between the OHF groups were significant. OHF severity associated linearly with increased severity of cognitive impairment and increased need for assistance in oral hygiene, eating and moving.ConclusionsOHF score based on the five signs can be used to determine OHF severity. OHF was common and associated with occlusal status, cognitive impairment and need for assistance in oral hygiene, moving and eating in older adults living in LTC.
The Taciturn Exemplar
Authors: Hsu Nai‐Yi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEarly Confucian thinkers have an intense interest in the external aspects of moral exemplars. This article explores this interest by unpacking a complicated relation between silence, speech, and moral cultivation in theAnalects. Situating Confucius’s desire to be silent in a pedagogical context, this article points out a tension between speaking of moral knowledge and personalizing it. It argues that silence is considered a desirable pedagogical practice because it fosters a more intimate relation between people and the moral knowledge they receive. This article then offers a detailed analysis of several difficult pedagogical moments between Confucius and two of his most eloquent students, Zigong and Zai Wo. Their problematic ways of speaking provide cases in point that flesh out the arguments sketched above. This article concludes by reflecting on how silence can also be alienating in moral cultivation, and on how people’s styles of speech may shape who they are.
Eudaimonism and the Ground of Normative Reasons
Authors: Jung Kevin 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis essay develops an argument against eudaimonism in support of John Hare's earlier critique of eudaimonism. In contrast to Hare, who mounts a Kantian‐Scotist objection to what he calls a single‐source view of motivation in eudaimonism, my critique of eudaimonism focuses on the ground of normative reasons in eudaimonism while also taking a page from Scotus's ethics. I argue that the main issue with eudaimonism is with the ultimate end and manner of our willing, which fails to correspond to the right ordering of love based on the nature of goodness in the object.
Physical Activity in Mexican High Schools
Authors: Díaz‐Muñoz Irving , Lozada‐Tequeanes Ana L. , Campos‐Nonato Ismael , Franco‐Lares Bianca S. , Bonvecchio Anabelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the association between availability of specific physical activity (PA) spaces and PA practices among adolescents within Mexican high schools (HS).MethodsData were collected through an online survey applied to principals or person in charge of 4023 Mexican HS during the 2015‐2016 school year. Adequate PA was defined as moderate to vigorous intensity PA for ≥60 minutes/day, ≥5 days/week, whereas PA‐specific spaces were considered those that were available and specifically designed/used for PA. HS demographic factors were explored as covariates. Associations were estimated using a logistic regression model.ResultsFrom total participating HS, 83.10% had at least 1 PA‐specific space and 31.07% had adequate PA practices. A higher number of PA‐specific spaces was associated with greater adequate PA practices (33% to 61%). Possibilities for adequate PA increased when: physical education (PE) classes were led by a designated PE teacher (OR 2.39; 95%CI: 2.03‐2.83); the number of enrolled students was higher (OR 1.78; 95%CI, 1.43‐2.22 and OR 2.23; 95% CI, 1.71‐2.89, second and third tertile, respectively); HS financing sources were autonomous or private (OR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.19‐2.60); and HS were located in northern Mexico (OR 1.27; 95%CI, 1.02‐1.57).ConclusionPA‐specific spaces, designated PE teachers, and financing sources are important factors in achieving adequate PA within Mexican high schools.
Egg microbiota is the starting point of hatchling gut microbiota in the endangered yellow‐spotted Amazon river turtle
Authors: Carranco Ana Sofia , Romo David , de Lourdes Torres Maria , Wilhelm Kerstin , Sommer Simone , Gillingham Mark A. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEstablishment and development of gut microbiota during vertebrates' early life are likely to be important predictors of health and fitness. Host‐parental and host‐environment interactions are essential to these processes. In oviparous reptiles whose nests represent a source of the parent's microbial inocula, the relative role of host‐selection and stochastic environmental factors during gut microbial assemblage remains unknown. We sampled eggs incubated in artificial nests as well as hatchlings and juveniles (up to 30 days old) of the yellow‐spotted Amazon river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) developing in tubs filled with river water. We examined the relative role of the internal egg microbiota and the abiotic environment on hatchling and juvenile turtle's cloacal microbiota assemblages during the first 30 days of development. A mean of 71% of ASVs in hatched eggs could be traced to the nest environmental microbiota and in turn a mean of 77% of hatchlings' cloacal ASVs were traced to hatched eggs. Between day 5 and 20 of juvenile turtle's development, the river water environment plays a key role in the establishment of the gut microbiota (accounting for a mean of 13%–34.6% of cloacal ASVs) and strongly influences shifts in microbial diversity and abundance. After day 20, shifts in gut microbiota composition were mainly driven by host‐selection processes. Therefore, colonization by environmental microbiota is key in the initial stages of establishing the host's gut microbiota which is subsequently shaped by host‐selection processes. Our study provides a novel quantitative understanding of the host‐environment interactions during gut microbial assemblage of oviparous reptiles.