bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 78 Seconds Complete Brain MRI Examination in Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: af Burén Siri , Kits Annika , Lönn Lucas , De Luca Francesca , Sprenger Tim , Skare Stefan , Falk Delgado Anna 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundFast 78‐second multicontrast echo‐planar MRI (EPIMix) has shown good diagnostic performance for detecting infarctions at a comprehensive stroke center, but its diagnostic performance has not been evaluated in a prospective study at a primary stroke center.PurposeTo prospectively determine whether EPIMix was noninferior in detecting ischemic lesions compared to routine clinical MRI.Study typeProspective cohort study.PopulationA total of 118 patients with acute MRI and symptoms of ischemic stroke.Field Strength and SequenceA 3 T. EPIMix (echo‐planar based: T1‐FLAIR, T2‐weighted, T2‐FLAIR, T2*, DWI) and routine clinical MRI sequences (T1‐weighted fast spin echo, T2‐weighted PROPELLER, T2‐weighted‐FLAIR fast spin echo, T2* gradient echo echo‐planar, and DWI spin echo echo‐planar).AssessmentThree radiologists, blinded for clinical information, assessed signs of ischemic lesions (DWI↑, ADC↓, and T2/T2‐FLAIR↑) on EPIMix and routine clinical MRI, with disagreements solved in consensus with a fourth reader to establish the reference standard.Statistical testsDiagnostic performance including sensitivity and specificity against the reference standard was evaluated. EPIMix sensitivity was tested for noninferiority compared to the reference standard using Nam's restricted maximum likelihood estimation (RMLE) Score. A P‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf 118 patients (mean age 62 ± 16 years, 58% males), 25% (n = 30) had MRI signs of acute infarcts. EPIMix was noninferior with 97% (95% CI 83–100) sensitivity for reader 1, 100% (95% CI 88–100) sensitivity for reader 2, and 90% (95% CI 88–98) sensitivity for reader 3 vs. 93% (95% CI 78–99) sensitivity for readers 1 and 2 and 90% (95% CI 74–98) for reader 3 on routine clinical MRI. Specificity was 99% (95% CI 94–100) for reader 1, 100% (95% CI 96–100) for reader 2, and 98% (95% CI 92–100) for reader 3 on EPIMix vs. 100% (95% CI 96–100) for all readers on routine clinical MRI.ConclusionEPIMix was noninferior to routine clinical MRI for the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Moisture sources for the weather pattern classified extreme precipitation in the first rainy season over South China
Authors: Xin Fan , Peng Dongdong , Liu Run , Liu Shaw Chen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMoisture transport, associated with moisture sources and synoptic‐scale weather conditions, is a key dynamic process of precipitation events. Using the K‐means clustering method and the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model, this paper investigates moisture contributions from different source regions to extreme precipitation in the first rainy season (hereafter FRS) over South China. In average, land regions contribute more to the FRS extreme precipitation over South China than the ocean regions. The main source regions are Southeast Asia (22.7%), South China (17.2%), the South China Sea (14.3%), and the Bay of Bengal (8.3%). Extreme precipitation events are classified into three types by the K‐means clustering based on 850 hPa geopotential height, which are all characterized by an anomalous low‐pressure system over South China with varying intensity and locations. The distribution of geopotential height anomaly for Type I (30.3%) is characterized the low trough extending from Japan to South China, while Type II (42.5%) and Type III (27.2%) are characterized by “west negative–east positive” and “north positive–south negative” patterns over East Asia with anomalous cyclone over South China, respectively. The much larger contribution of land sources than ocean regions are mainly concentrated in Type I and Type III, of which the contribution from each source region is similar. Ocean sources play a more important role in Type II and are mainly from the Indian Ocean (16.2%) associated with the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon.
Change of soil microorganism communities under saline‐sodic land degradation on the Songnen Plain in northeast China#
Authors: Chang Chunling , Tian Lei , Tian Zhijie , McLaughlin Neil , Tian Chunjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Songnen Plain in northeast China was one of three major grasslands in China and has now become one of the most concentrated areas of sodic‐saline soil worldwide due to soil parent material characteristics, hydrological conditions, and overgrazing.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of environmental factors in shaping prokaryotic communities under three natural contiguous areas (severe saline‐alkaline field with no vegetation, moderate saline‐alkaline field withSuaeda glauca, and mildly saline‐alkaline field with natural grass vegetation) on the Songnen Plain in northeast China.MethodsPhysicochemical properties of the soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) were determined in three soil types with or without vegetation, while the metabarcoding analysis of the prokaryotic diversity and composition were analyzed by Illumina Miseq sequencing.ResultsOur study revealed that the moderate and mildly saline‐alkaline soil exhibited lower pH by 0.614% and 10.17%, and significantly lower EC by 47.96% and 89.22%, respectively, in comparison to severe saline‐alkaline field soil. Prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis revealed that mildly saline‐alkaline soil with native grasses had significantly higher alpha‐diversity. The composition of the prokaryotic community was highly correlated with the soil physicochemical properties, but the SOC was the most important driving forces for the prokaryotic composition. Random matrix theory (RMT) network analysis revealed the keystone operational taxonomic unit (OTU) (OTU3096, OTU137, OTU3198 and OTU2210) that was significantly affected by the soil physicochemical properties in the three contiguous areas.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings demonstrate that the mildly saline‐alkaline soil with natural grass vegetation has a beneficial impact on the soil physical properties and prokaryotic community relative to severe saline areas in the Songnen Plain of northeast China.
Shear direction switching phenomena in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells for novel differential interference contrast imaging systems
Authors: Nose Toshiaki , Watanabe Hayato , Okano Keiju , Fujita Naoko , Murata Jun , Muraguchi Hajime , Ozaki Noriaki , Honma Michinori , Ito Ryota 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA lateral shear occurs between ordinary and extraordinary rays in general optical uniaxial crystals, and we can observe a double image through the crystal, indicating a typical birefringence phenomenon. Small lateral shears occur in typical liquid crystal (LC) cells under small voltage applications, where the molecular alignment direction is generally inclined. The small lateral shear is useful for differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging systems, although it must be negligible in a typical LC display panel. In particular, unique lateral shearing properties are exhibited by twisted nematic (TN) LC cells, which are popular and important LC display modes. The 45°‐oblique lateral shear occurs according to the direction of the surface molecular alignment, and the inclination direction (+45° or −45°) depends on the molecular twist direction. If it is possible to switch the twist direction in the TN cell, the lateral shear direction can be switched by 90°, and a full DIC imaging system can be attained because the normal DIC system can obtain one‐directional derivative information along the shear direction. In this work, twist direction switching phenomena in TN cells are investigated by applying a magnetic field in the direction parallel to the cell surface.
Comparison of the separation of proteins of wide‐ranging molecular weight via trilobal polypropylene capillary‐channeled polymer fiber, commercial superficiously porous, and commercial size exclusion columns
Authors: Huang Sisi , McClain Ray T. , Marcus Richard Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReversed phase and size‐exclusion chromatography methods are commonly used for protein separations, although they are based on distinctly different principles. Reversed phase methods yield hydrophobicity‐based (loosely‐termed) separation of proteins on porous supports, but tend to be limited to proteins with modest molecular weights based on mass transfer limitations. Alternatively, size‐exclusion provides complementary benefits in the separation of higher mass proteins based on entropic, not enthalpic, processes, but tend to yield limited peak capacities. In this study, microbore columns packed with a novel trilobal polypropylene capillary‐channeled polymer fiber were used in a reversed phase modality for the separation of polypeptides and proteins of molecular weights ranging from 1.4 to 660 kDa. Chromatographic parameters including gradient times, flow rates, and trifluoroacetic acid concentrations in the mobile phase were optimized to maximize resolution and throughput. Following optimization, the performance of the trilobal fiber column was compared to two commercial‐sourced columns, a superficially porous C4‐derivatized silica and size exclusion, both of which are sold specifically for protein separations and operated according to the manufacturer‐specified conditions. In comparison to the commercial columns, the fiber‐based column yielded better separation performance across the entirety of the suite, at much lower cost and shorter separation times.
Numerical study on the effects of CO2/H2O dilution on the ignition delay time of methane
Authors: Shen Yaorui , Xie Mingke , Wu Xiaoqi , Liu Jingping , Bao Huanhuan , Fu Jianqin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effects of CO2/H2O dilution on the ignition delay time (IDT) of methane under different conditions were studied by the method of sensitivity analysis, mole fraction analysis and reaction path analysis. The predictions of six published kinetic models were first compared with experimental data from the literature; the kinetics of the model judged best were then analyzed in greater detail to investigate coupling effects of different ratios of CO2/H2O dilution, temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratios on the IDT of methane. Through this research, it was found that under high temperature conditions (1700–2000 K), the IDT increases with CO2/H2O ratios increasing. At the equivalence ratio of 2.0 and low to medium temperatures (1000–1700 K), the diluent gas at the ratio of CO2/H2O = 0.4/0.6 has the maximum suppression effect on methane ignition, and the inhibitory effect of diluted gas in the IDT can be enhanced by 4.9% compared with other cases. Through the path analysis, it was found that the reaction path under the condition of CO2/H2O = 0.4/0.6 is changed into the O radicals generation reactions and CH3 consuming Reactions (R155, R106, and R158) comparing with the condition of CO2/H2O = 0.8/0.2. By providing insight into the factors affecting the IDT of methane under a wide variety of conditions, the present study extends our understanding of methane combustion and can be used to guide the development of a combined application of EGR and in‐cylinder water injection.
Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly Guided Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbons with In‐Plane Holey Pores for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Jiang Siqi , Li Chen , Zhang Jiacheng , Li Qian , Xu Haishan , Xu Fugui , Mai Yiyong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a simple approach, using interfacial self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) on self‐sacrificial templates, for preparing mesoporous carbons with in‐plane holey pores, including nitrogen atom‐doped carbon nanosheets and nanoflowers (denoted as NHCSs and NHCFs), is reported. The approach employs sheet‐ or flower‐like layered double hydroxide as the templates, P123 copolymer as the pore‐directing agent, and m‐phenylenediamine as the carbon source. The holey mesopores may shorten the mass transfer distance in the internal active sites of stacked nanosheets, while the 3D packing mode of nanosheets can reduce pore blockage caused by their tight stacking. Profiting from these structural advantages, acting as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), both NHCSs and NHCFs show excellent catalytic performance better than that of carbon nanosheets without holey pores. Particularly, NHCFs exhibit a high half‐wave‐potential (0.82 V) and a limiting current density (5.4 mA cm−2), close to those of commercial Pt–C catalysts. This study provides valuable clues on building mesoporous materials with in‐plane holey pores as well as on the effect of pore structure and stacking mode of 2D materials on their electrocatalytic ORR performance.
Curv‐Net: Curvilinear structure segmentation network based on selective kernel and multi‐Bi‐ConvLSTM
Authors: He Yanlin , Sun Hui , Yi Yugen , Chen Wenhe , Kong Jun , Zheng Caixia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeAccurately segmenting curvilinear structures, for example, retinal blood vessels or nerve fibers, in the medical image is essential to the clinical diagnosis of many diseases. Recently, deep learning has become a popular technology to deal with the image segmentation task, and it has obtained remarkable achievement. However, the existing methods still have many problems when segmenting the curvilinear structures in medical images, such as losing the details of curvilinear structures, producing many false‐positive segmentation results. To mitigate these problems, we propose a novel end‐to‐end curvilinear structure segmentation network called Curv‐Net.MethodsCurv‐Net is an effective encoder–decoder architecture constructed based on selective kernel (SK) and multibidirectional convolutional LSTM (multi‐Bi‐ConvLSTM). To be specific, we first employ the SK module in the convolutional layer to adaptively extract the multi‐scale features of the input image, and then we design a multi‐Bi‐ConvLSTM as the skip concatenation to fuse the information learned in the same stage and propagate the feature information from the deep stages to the shallow stages, which can enable the feature captured by Curv‐Net to contain more detail information and high‐level semantic information simultaneously to improve the segmentation performance.ResultsThe effectiveness and reliability of our proposed Curv‐Net are verified on three public datasets: two color fundus datasets (DRIVE and CHASE_DB1) and one corneal nerve fiber dataset (CCM‐2). We calculate the accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), Dice similarity coefficient (Dice), and area under the receiver (AUC) for the DRIVE and CHASE_DB1 datasets. The ACC, SE, SP, Dice, and AUC of the DRIVE dataset are 0.9629, 0.8175, 0.9858, 0.8352, and 0.9810, respectively. For the CHASE_DB1 dataset, the values are 0.9810, 0.8564, 0.9899, 0.8143, and 0.9832, respectively. To validate the corneal nerve fiber segmentation performance of the proposed Curv‐Net, we test it on the CCM‐2 dataset and calculate Dice, SE, and false discovery rate (FDR) metrics. The Dice, SE, and FDR achieved by Curv‐Net are 0.8114 ± 0.0062, 0.8903 ± 0.0113, and 0.2547 ± 0.0104, respectively.ConclusionsCurv‐Net is evaluated on three public datasets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that Curv‐Net outperforms the other superior curvilinear structure segmentation methods.
Transcriptomic analysis of bladder tissue in a rat model of ketamine‐induced bladder fibrosis
Authors: Li Haozhen , Li Kaixuan , Zhu Quan , Tang Zhengyan , Wang Zhao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionKetamine‐induced cystitis (KIC) is a disease caused by ketamine that can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Its end‐stage is bladder contracture, which is related to bladder fibrosis and poses a serious burden to patient lives.MethodsWe established a KIC model in female Sprague Dawley rats and verified bladder fibrosis in the model by Masson trichrome staining and western blot analysis. The bladders of the rats from the ketamine and control groups were used to perform transcriptome analysis. In particular, association analysis with metabolomics was also used to determine the potential mechanisms of ketamine‐induced bladder fibrosis.ResultsA total of 685 differentially expressed messenger RNAs, 71 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs, 23 differentially expressed microRNAs, and 68 differentially expressed circular RNAs were identified. We found that ribosome, Wnt signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, cytoskeleton organization, and cytoskeletal protein binding may be potential pathways in ketamine‐induced bladder fibrosis as identified by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. In addition, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway appeared to be closely related to the development of ketamine‐induced bladder fibrosis according to association analysis.ConclusionsIn this study, using transcriptomic and correlation analyses of metabolomics, we identified pathways that may be potential targets for the prevention and treatment of ketamine‐induced bladder fibrosis.
Modeling fracture propagation in a rock‐water‐air system with the assumed enhanced strain method
Authors: Liu Fushen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents a fully coupled finite element method for the single cohesive fracture propagation in a deformable porous medium (rock) interacting with two immiscible pore fluids, that is, water and air. The cohesive fracture is represented with the assumed enhanced strain method which can be cast into a classical plasticity framework. The governing equations for the solid skeleton deformation, pore water flow, and pore air flow are derived based on the mixture theory. The coupled nonlinear global system is then solved by the standard Galerkin finite element method. The numerical implementation is verified against the numerical and analytical solutions previously reported in the literature. The proposed model is capable of capturing fluid transfer between the fracture and the host rock due to the pressure difference. The numerical examples demonstrate that the behavior of fracture propagation can be significantly influenced by the capillary pressure inside fracture and vice versa. Since the fracture is represented at the level of Gauss points, the proposed numerical model can be easily implemented on any standard finite element code base.
The synergistic steric hindrance effect in the preparation of polyether ether ketone composites by powder slurry method
Authors: Song Jiupeng , Zhao Yan , Xiong Shu , Sun Mingchen , Duan Ziqi , Li Shuang , Wang Kai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe preparation of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites by the powder slurry method has many advantages, but the stability of PEEK suspension is required to be high. So far, there is a lack of in‐depth studies on the aqueous suspension of PEEK. In this study, two non‐ionic surfactants were selected for compounding. Then PEEK aqueous suspension and continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites were prepared. The stability mechanism of PEEK aqueous suspension with different surfactants was analyzed. Studies have shown that in the PEEK aqueous suspension, Triton X‐100 can help to infiltrate the PEEK powder. The steric hindrance of polyethylene glycol contributes to the stability of the suspension. The synergistic steric hindrance effect of the two surfactants can increase the stability time of PEEK suspension from 5 min to more than 50 min. The PEEK composites prepared by the powder slurry method has good quality stability, the fiber volume fraction is about 60%, the flexural strength of the composites can reach 1336 MPa, and the interlayer shear strength can reach 106 MPa. This study provides useful insights for the stability mechanism of PEEK aqueous suspension, and can guide the preparation process of thermoplastic composites by powder slurry method.
Registration of ‘L 12‐201’ sugarcane
Authors: Pontif Michael , Kimbeng Collins , Gravois Kenneth , Bischoff Keith , Sexton David , LaBorde Christopher , Hawkins Gertrude , Hoy Jeffrey , Baisakh Niranjan , Wilson Blake , Orgeron Albert , Todd James , Waguespack Herman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract‘L 12‐201’ (Reg. no. CV‐206, PI 699125) sugarcane (an interspecific hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was released on 10 Apr. 2019 for commercial production in the Louisiana sugar industry. L 12‐201 was derived from a cross between the female parent ‘L 97‐128’ and the male parent ‘HoCP 96‐540’. Early‐stage selection through the seedling and two unreplicated clonal stages by researchers at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center culminated in the assignment of a permanent varietal designation in 2012. Thereafter, the experimental variety was further evaluated cooperatively with personnel from the USDA‐ARS at Houma and the American Sugar Cane League, Inc., at Thibodaux, LA, through several stages at multiple locations. In the final testing stage, data were collected from 60 replicated, combine‐harvested trials at 12 representative light‐ and heavy‐textured soil locations. Averaged across the plant‐cane crop, the sucrose content, cane yield, and sugar yield were significantly (P < .05) higher in L 12‐201 than in ‘L 01‐299’, the most widely grown cultivar in the Louisiana sugar industry. In the first‐ and second‐ratoon crops, L 12‐201 had significantly (P < .05) less cane yield and sugar yield than L 01‐299, but sucrose content was not significantly different between L 12‐201 and L 01‐299. When averaged across the light‐textured versus heavy‐textured soil locations, no significant differences in performance were found for L 12‐201 in any of the traits measured. The new cultivar had a lower stalk population and greater stalk weight compared with L 01‐299, especially in the ratoon crops. L 12‐201 is a mid‐maturing cultivar. Whenever possible, L 12‐201 should be harvested before the arrival of subfreezing temperatures because it is among the least cold tolerant cultivars in the industry. L 12‐201 is resistant to sorghum mosaic, smut, leaf scald, and ratoon stunt; moderately resistant to brown rust; and susceptible to yellow leaf and the sugarcane borer.