bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to dust and respiratory health among Australian miners
Authors: Rumchev Krassi , Van Hoang Dong , Lee Andy H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Occupational exposure to dust has been recognised as a significant health hazard to mine workers. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to inhalable (INH) and respirable (RES) dust and respiratory health among mine workers in Western Australia using an industry-wide exposure database.

Methods
The database comprised cross-sectional surveys conducted by mining companies for the period 2001–2012. The study population consisted of 12,797 workers who were monitored for exposure to INH and RES dust and undertook health assessments including a respiratory questionnaire and spirometry test.

Results
Despite the general trend of declining exposure to both INH and RES dust observed over the 12 years period, mine workers reported a higher prevalence of phlegm and cough when exposed to elevated concentrations of INH and RES dust. Logistic regression analysis further confirmed the positive association between INH dust exposure and the prevalence of phlegm with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.033 (95% CI 1.012–1.052). Overall, 6.3% of miners might have potential airway obstruction, and exposure to INH dust was associated with impaired lung function parameters.

Conclusion
Exposure levels of INH and RES dust particles among mine workers have reduced considerably and were well below currently legislated occupational exposure limits. However, given the reported higher prevalence of phlegm and cough among those with elevated dust concentrations, there is a continued need for effective dust exposure monitoring and control in the mineral mining industry.
Evaluation of short-term probabilistic eruption forecasting at Whakaari, New Zealand
Authors: Dempsey D. E. , Kempa-Liehr A. W. , Ardid A. , Li A. , Orenia S. , Singh J. , Tyler A. J. , Cronin S. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhreatic explosions at volcanoes are difficult to forecast but can be locally devastating, as illustrated by the deadly 2019 Whakaari (New Zealand) eruption. Quantifying eruption likelihood is essential for risk calculations that underpin volcano access decisions and disaster response. But estimating eruption probabilities is notoriously difficult for sudden onset eruptions. Here, we describe two retrospectively developed models for short-term (48 h) probabilistic forecasting of phreatic eruptions at Whakaari. The models are based on a pseudo-prospective analysis of seven Whakaari eruptions whose precursors were identified by time series feature engineering of continuous seismic data. The first model, an optimized warning system, could anticipate six out of seven eruptions at the cost of 14 warning days each year. While a warning is in effect, the probability of eruption is about 8% in 48 h, which is about 126 times higher than outside the warning. The second model used isotonic calibration to translate the output of the forecast model onto a probability scale. When applied pseudo-prospectively in the 48 h prior to the December 2019 eruption, it indicated an eruption probability up to 400 times higher than the background. Finally, we quantified the accuracy of these seismic data-driven forecasts, alongside an observatory expert elicitation that used multiple data sources. To do this, we used a forecast skill score that was benchmarked against the average rate of eruptions at Whakaari between 2011 and 2019. This exercise highlights the conditions under which the three different forecasting approaches perform well and where potential improvements could be made.
The (R)Evolution of European Education Policy: European Higher Education Alliances
Authors: Moser Peter , Feiel Susanne , Kircher Volkmar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article describes the development of Europe-wide higher education and research. The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is an educational initiative of the European Commission designed to increase staff and student mobility and improve the employability of graduates. In addition, the ERASMUS programme has enabled millions of students to study abroad. In the field of research, the European Union is pursuing the vision of a unified European Research Area (ERA), open to the whole world and allowing the free transfer of researchers, scientific knowledge, and technologies. To link ERA and EHEA, European University Networks have been established to develop “European Joint Degrees” to educate highly qualified future graduates with European values. The European University on REsponsible Consumption And PROduction (EURECA-PRO) has the ambitious goal of not only strengthening the EHEA and ERA but also of mapping the circularity of materials and material flows, including their environmental impacts, in teaching and research.
Folgen der Inflation abfedern, aber wie?
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit einigen Monaten ist die Inflation auf einem hohen Niveau. Um 7,5 % erhöhten sich die Verbraucherpreise in Deutschland im Juli 2022 gegenüber dem Vorjahr. Der damit verbundene Kaufkraftverlust sorgt bei den Bürger:innen für Probleme und Unsicherheit. Dabei ist zu beobachten, dass insbesondere armutsgefährdete Personen darunter leiden, die von Transfers abhängig sind. Zudem leiden vor allem niedrige Einkommensgruppen unter der Inflation, da sie einen hohen Anteil ihres Einkommens für Nahrungsmittel und Energie ausgeben. Die Politik hat in einem ersten Schritt ein Entlastungspaket auf den Weg gebracht, das unter anderem den Tankrabatt und das 9-Euro-Ticket enthält. Insbesondere am unteren Ende der Einkommensverteilung sorgt die Inflation dennoch für Verwerfungen, die die Frage rechtfertigen, ob weitere Maßnahmen nötig sind.
Preisschübe beim Grundbedarf — Umverteilung erforderlich
Authors: Becker Irene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the beginning of 2022, prices for food and energy have been rising sharply. In the low-income sector, this leads to financial emergencies, since the standard of living here is far below the standards of society anyway. On the other hand, the consequences of inflation can certainly be absorbed in the upper income brackets. Against this background, government measures should be concentrated on lower income brackets. Appropriate measures would be the payment of inflation compensation for those receiving basic security, a reform of the updating of basic security benefits and an income-related transfer payment for households without basic security. A solidarity surcharge on the income tax is proposed for financing.
Zwei Jahre im Krisenmodus — die kommunalen Finanzen bleiben trotzdem stabil
Authors: Boettcher Florian , Freier Ronny 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie kommunalen Finanzen stehen seit Beginn der Coronakrise unter besonderer Beobachtung. Die deutsche Politik hat zurecht erkannt, dass bei der Bekämpfung der Krise eine handlungsfähige Kommunalpolitik zwingend notwendig ist. Tatsächlich haben die kommunalen Haushalte sowohl 2020 als auch 2021 mit Überschüssen abgeschlossen. Wie dieser Beitrag zeigt, sind die Gründe dafür sehr unterschiedlich. Die auskömmliche Finanzierung der Kommunen ist Garant für die effiziente Bewältigung der Krise vor Ort und die Rekordzahlen bei den kommunalen Investitionen sind der richtige Impuls in der Wirtschaftskrise.
Vibration modes of flexoelectric circular plate
Authors: Lan Mengdie , Yang Wenjun , Liang Xu , Hu Shuling , Shen Shengping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBeams, plates, and shells, as the fundamental mechanical structures, are widely used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) as sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and among others. Deeply understand the electromechanical coupling of these dielectric structures is of crucial for designing, fabricating, and optimizing practice devices in these systems. Herein we demonstrate the electromechanical coupling in flexoelectric circular plate, in which higher-order strain gradients were considered to extend the classical electromechanical properties to isotropic materials, in which the non-uniform distribution of the electric potential along the radial direction was considered. Analytical solutions for the vibration modes of the flexoelectric circular plates showed that the dynamic modes were totally different from the piezoelectric circular plates owing to the inversion symmetry breaking by the strain gradient. The electromechanical coupling dynamic modes are sensitive to bending, twisting modes owing to the sensitivity of the flexoelectric effect to bending. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the electromechanical coupling in flexoelectric circular plate, which is helpful in designing novel flexoelectric circular plate-based devices, such as flexoelectric mirrors.
Discolouration of Potato Tubers Under Retail Light: Cultivar Variations and Effect of Different Packaging Materials for Folva Potatoes Stored at 20 and 6 °C
Authors: Larsen Hanne , Molteberg Eldrid Lein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLight exposure of potatoes induces formation of both chlorophyll (greening) and of toxic glycoalkaloids (GAs). Greening leads to rejection by consumers and thus to food waste and economic loss. The aim of this study was to (1) study light sensitivity with respect to colour changes and GA development for different Norwegian grown potato cultivars stored at 20 °C and (2) evaluate the light protective effect of selected packaging materials on colour development in cv. Folva at 6 °C and 20 °C. Potatoes of seven cultivars were stored under LED illumination for 4 days at 20 °C. Changes in colour were measured during storage by Minolta Chroma meter and by visually assessing the limit for unacceptable change of colour. The tested cultivars became unacceptable at different times (24–60 h) and differed both in absolute colour values and relative changes of values. The levels of total glycoalkaloids in cultivars with and without light exposure did not correspond well to the changes in colour. Potatoes of cultivar Folva were packaged in materials with different light barrier properties, followed by LED illumination for 4 days at 20 °C and 18 days at 6 °C. None of the tested packaging types provided sufficient protection from light. All potatoes at 20 °C were unacceptably green after 2 days in light (16 h/day) while the potatoes at 6 °C were unacceptably green after 9 days. Packaging material for potatoes cv. Folva should aim for a total light transmittance below 0.02 W/m2 to avoid development of green colour during light exposure at 20 °C in grocery stores.
Four new genera and six new species of lyophylloid agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from three different continents
Authors: van de Peppel Lennart J. J. , Aime M. Catherine , Læssøe Thomas , Pedersen Ole S. , Coimbra Victor R. M. , Kuyper Thomas W. , Stubbe Dirk , Aanen Duur K. , Baroni Timothy J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFour new genera encompassing six new species are described in the Lyophyllaceae (Agaricales): the monotypic Australocybe from Australia; the monotypic Phaeotephrocybe from Belize; the monotypic Nigrocarnea from Laos containing the novel conidia-producing species N. radicata and Praearthromyces containing two Asian taxa, the conidia-producing P. corneri known from Malaysia and Singapore and P. griseus from Thailand, which lacks conidial production. In addition, we describe Arthromyces glabriceps, which is the first species in the genus Arthromyces that lacks conidial production on the basidiome. Alternative options for a classification of these lyophylloid taxa are discussed and based on morphological, ecological and biogeographical considerations rejected.
Co-producing theory of change to operationalize integrated landscape approaches
Authors: Reed James , Chervier Colas , Borah Joli Rumi , Gumbo Davison , Moombe Kaala B. , Mbanga Teddy M. , O’Connor Alida , Siangulube Freddie , Yanou Malaika , Sunderland Terry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntegrated landscape approaches that engage diverse stakeholder groups in landscape governance are increasingly promoted to address linked social–ecological challenges in tropical landscapes. Recent research suggests that a transdisciplinary approach to landscape management can help identify common research needs, enhance knowledge co-production, guide evidence-based policy development, and harmonize cross-sectorial integration. Meanwhile, guiding principles for landscape approaches suggest that identifying common concerns and negotiating a process of change are fundamental to implementation and evaluation efforts. As such, the use of decision support tools such as theory of change models that build ordered sequences of actions towards a desired, and agreed, future state are increasingly advocated. However, the application of the theory of change concept to integrated landscape approaches is limited thus far, particularly within the scientific literature. Here, we address this gap by applying the principles of landscape approaches and knowledge co-production to co-produce a theory of change to address current unsustainable landscape management and associated conflicts in the Kalomo Hills Local Forest Reserve No. P.13 (KFR13) of Zambia. The participatory process engaged a diverse range of stakeholders including village head people, local and international researchers, district councillors, and civil society representatives amongst others. Several pathways, actions, and interventions were developed around the themes of deforestation, biodiversity and wildlife conservation, socio-economic development, access rights, and law enforcement. To make the theory of change actionable, participants identified a need for enhanced cross-sector and multi-level communication, capacity development, and improved governance, while a lack of commitment towards coordinated knowledge exchange and access to information along with poor policy formulation and weak enforcement of rules were among potential impediments to action. Use of theory of change can both inform evidence-based policy design (by revealing place-based challenges and proposing solutions) and support policy mechanisms that promote integration between state and non-state actors (by clarifying actor rights, roles and responsibilities). Co-developing a theory of change for integrated landscape management is inherently context specific, but the process and outcomes of this study should hold relevance across a range of contexts faced with sustainability challenges related to reconciling both conservation and development objectives.
Assignment of IVL-Methyl side chain of the ligand-free monomeric human MALT1 paracaspase-IgL3 domain in solution
Authors: Han Xiao , Levkovets Maria , Lesovoy Dmitry , Sun Renhua , Wallerstein Johan , Sandalova Tatyana , Agback Tatiana , Achour Adnane , Agback Peter , Orekhov Vladislav Yu. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMucosa-associated lymphoid tissue protein 1 (MALT1) plays a key role in adaptive immune responses by modulating specific intracellular signalling pathways that control the development and proliferation of both T and B cells. Dysfunction of these pathways is coupled to the progress of highly aggressive lymphoma as well as to potential development of an array of different immune disorders. In contrast to other signalling mediators, MALT1 is not only activated through the formation of the CBM complex together with the proteins CARMA1 and Bcl10, but also by acting as a protease that cleaves multiple substrates to promote lymphocyte proliferation and survival via the NF-κB signalling pathway. Herein, we present the partial 1H, 13C Ile/Val/Leu-Methyl resonance assignment of the monomeric apo form of the paracaspase-IgL3 domain of human MALT1. Our results provide a solid ground for future elucidation of both the three-dimensional structure and the dynamics of MALT1, key for adequate development of inhibitors, and a thorough molecular understanding of its function(s).
The ASHES 2020 special issue at JCEN
Authors: Chang Chip-Hong , Katzenbeisser Stefan , Rührmair Ulrich , Schaumont Patrick 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis editorial provides its readers with a brief introductory overview of the ASHES workshop series in general, and of this special ASHES 2020 issue at the Journal of Cryptographic Engineering (JCEN) in particular.
Big data analyses for real-time tracking of risks in the mineral raw material markets: implications for improved supply chain risk management
Authors: Buchholz Peter , Schumacher Arne , Al Barazi Siyamend 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resilient supply chains have become a key issue for manufacturing companies to ensure a stable supply for their manufacturing processes and for governments to ensure the stable supply of essential goods to society. Building diversified supply chains and monitoring the performance of suppliers are major mitigation strategies to counteract disruptions at an early stage. Supply chain risk management and monitoring of supply chains using big data analytics are getting increasing attention. The growing number of data sources has huge implications on the reporting of incidents that may disrupt supply chains. The data sources may stem from a variety of internet sources like daily media reports provided on websites, social media or specialist media, or they may stem from specific databases. The sooner this information is disclosed to stakeholders and analysed the better the preventive strategies generally are. Timely information prolongs the reaction time and may help to reduce the severity of an incident. This paper highlights a science-based real-time tracking analysis of risks in the mineral raw material markets for the period 2019 to 2021 using big data analytics provided by a commercial system. A set of data for 12 selected mineral raw materials was provided by the authors and analysed using more than 100 risk indicators from 14 major risk categories as part of a commercial big data system. The extracted information can have imminent value to identify supply shortages, production halts or price peaks at an early stage. The main question was to find out whether such big data analytics are precise enough to detect potential, globally relevant, supply shortages in mineral raw material markets in due time. The results of this paper show that using big data analytics can be a very effective tool to extract relevant information about supply sources and to react timely in case of disruptions or social or environmental mismanagement on the supplier side. However, the nature of big data sources suggests that the parameters of the applied models need elaborate configuration. Each raw mineral market has its own peculiarities in terms of volume, mode of transport, market concentration or countries of origin. These factors influence the relevance of the reported incidents. Furthermore, some incidents have a spurious or only minor connection to the individual markets. For these reasons, we conclude that only supervised models reap the most benefits in the monitoring of mineral raw material markets.
Social aspects of business risk in the mineral industry—political, reputational, and local acceptability risks facing mineral exploration and mining
Authors: Suopajärvi Leena , Beland Lindahl Karin , Eerola Toni , Poelzer Gregory 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMineral exploration is an industry of uncertainties. Only 0,1% of exploration projects become mines, as the volume, content, and quality of a deposit all must be economically justifiable to find funding in the global financial market. However, the business risk of mineral exploration is not limited to geotechnical and financial risks, as social aspects are now considered the biggest risk facing the industry. Here, we identify three social aspects of business risk that may challenge the industry: political, reputational, and local acceptability. Political risk arises when sectoral authorities and the related legislation come into conflict, such as mineral versus environmental legislation. Reputational risk lies in the relationship between a company’s past and current operations in combination with the legitimacy of the entire industry. Local acceptability risk parallels the social license to operate, with poor corporate conduct, competition with other livelihoods, intrusion into culturally sensitive areas, and local values critical of mining all potentially evoking resistance. Companies must be aware not only of the nuances of each social aspect but also of the interplay between them to understand the full scale and scope of the business risks associated with exploration.
Patiëntgerapporteerde uitkomsten na chirurgische correctie van de peniele kromstand
Authors: Oostenbrink Elton J. V. , Meuleman Eric J. H. , Pigot Garry L. S. 
Published: September 2022

SamenvattingIn deze studie werd gekeken naar patiëntgerapporteerde uitkomsten bij mannen met een congenitale peniele kromstand (CPK) en een verworven peniele kromstand (VPK) die een cavernoplicatie of cavernoplastiek ondergingen. Met een zelfvervaardigde vragenlijst werden de volgende domeinen geëvalueerd: uiterlijk van de penis, erectiele functie, geslachtsgemeenschap en bevindingen van de partner. De vragenlijst werd ingevuld door 55 van de 115 benaderde patiënten (responspercentage 48 %). Dit betrof 9 CPK- en 46 VPK-patiënten. Alle CPK-patiënten ondergingen een cavernoplicatie. Van de 46 VPK-patiënten ondergingen er 15 een cavernoplicatie en 31 een cavernoplastiek. CPK-patiënten scoorden na de ingreep op alle domeinen tevreden. VPK-patiënten scoorden tevreden, uitgezonderd op vier items in wisselende domeinen, waarop zij niet-tevreden scoorden. Dit was ongeacht de gebruikte chirurgische techniek. De postoperatieve tevredenheid bij VPK-patiënten kan dan ook tegen vallen.
Air pollution relevance analysis in the bay of Algeciras (Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez-García M. I. , González-Enrique J. , Moscoso-López J. A. , Ruiz-Aguilar J. J. , Turias I. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work is to accomplish an in-depth analysis of the air pollution in the two main cities of the Bay of Algeciras (Spain). A large database of air pollutant concentrations and weather measurements were collected using a monitoring network installed throughout the region from the period of 2010–2015. The concentration parameters contain nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10). The analysis was developed in two monitoring stations (Algeciras and La Línea). The higher average concentration values were obtained in Algeciras for NO2 (28.850 µg/m3) and SO2 (11.966 µg/m3), and in La Línea for PM10 (30.745 µg/m3). The analysis shows patterns that coincide with human activity. One of the goals of this work is to develop a useful virtual sensor capable of achieving a more robust monitoring network, which can be used, for instance, in the case of missing data. By means of trends analysis, groups of equivalent stations were determined, implying that the values of one station could be substituted for those in the equivalent station in case of failure (e.g., SO2 weekly trends in Algeciras and Los Barrios show equivalence). On the other hand, a calculation of relative risks was developed showing that relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction produce an increase in the risk of higher pollutant concentrations. Besides, obtained results showed that wind speed and wind direction are the most important variables in the distribution of particles. The results obtained may allow administrations or citizens to support decisions.