bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Malnutrition in Older Japanese Adults at High Surgical Risk Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Ishizu Kenichi , Shirai Shinichi , Tashiro Hiroaki , Kitano Kazuki , Tabata Hiroyuki , Nakamura Miho , Morofuji Toru , Murakami Naoto , Morinaga Takashi , Hayashi Masaomi , Isotani Akihiro , Arai Yoshio , Ohno Nobuhisa , Kakumoto Shinichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: September 2022

Background
The usefulness of preprocedural nutritional status to stratify prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been evaluated; however, the studies conducted so far have been relatively small and/or focused on a single nutritional index. This study sought to assess the prevalence and prognostic impact of malnutrition in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods and Results

We applied the Controlling Nutritional Status score, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and Prognostic Nutritional Index to 1040 consecutive older Japanese patients at high surgical risk who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation. According to the Controlling Nutritional Status score, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and Prognostic Nutritional Index, 16.6%, 60.5%, and 13.8% patients had moderate or severe malnutrition, respectively; 89.3% were at least mildly malnourished by at least 1 score. Worse nutritional status was associated with older age, lower body mass index, higher degree of frailty, worse symptoms and renal function, atrial fibrillation, and anemia. During a median follow‐up of 986 days (interquartile range, 556–1402 days), 273 (26.3%) patients died. Compared with normal nutrition, malnutrition was associated with an increased risk for all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio for moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively: 2.19 (95% CI, 1.45–3.31;
P
<0.001) and 6.13 (95% CI, 2.75–13.70;
P
<0.001) for the Controlling Nutritional Status score, 2.02 (95% CI, 1.36–3.02;
P
=0.001) and 3.24 (95% CI, 1.86–5.65;
P
<0.001) for the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.06–2.39;
P
=0.024) and 2.32 (95% CI, 1.50–3.60;
P
<0.001) for the Prognostic Nutritional Index).

Conclusions
Malnutrition is common in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation and is associated with increased mortality.
Hospital Variation of Spironolactone Use in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure in China—The China PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study
Authors: Yu Yuan , Guan Wenchi , Masoudi Frederick A. , Wang Bin , He Guangda , Spertus John A. , Lu Yuan , Krumholz Harlan M. , Li Jing 
Published: September 2022

Background
Although aldosterone antagonists improve outcomes in select individuals with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, studies in the United States have raised concerns about underuse and overuse. Variations in the prescription of aldosterone antagonist in China are unknown.

Methods and Results

In the multicenter, hospital‐based, retrospective China PEACE (China Patient‐Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events) study, we identified a nationally representative cohort of admissions for heart failure in a nationally representative sample of Chinese hospitals in 2015. Patients were classified into 1 of 3 groups according to their eligibility for spironolactone—“ideal” (left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and without contraindications), “contraindicated” (a documented contraindication, irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction), and “uncertain‐benefit” (all others). We measured hospital variation of spironolactone prescriptions at discharge in the “ideal” and “contraindicated” group and calculated the median odds ratio (MOR), a measure of institution‐level variation for 2 individuals with similar characteristics discharged at 2 randomly selected hospitals. Hospital characteristics associated with spironolactone use were identified using multivariable linear regression model. Among 1222 ideal patients from 97 hospitals, the median rate of spironolactone prescription was 78.6% (interquartile range [IQR], 42.8%–89.6% [range, 0%–100%], MOR, 3.4 [95% CI, 2.7–4.0]) at discharge. Among 900 contraindicated patients from 83 hospitals, the median rate of spironolactone prescription was 30.0% (IQR, 9.1%–50.0% [range, 0%–100%], MOR, 3.1 [95% CI, 2.4–3.9]) at discharge. Hospitals with independent departments of cardiology and located in Eastern China were associated with a 38.0% (95% CI, 18.7–57.3;
P
<0.001) and a 14.6% (95% CI, 2.3%–26.9%;
P
=0.020) higher rate of spironolactone use for ideal patients.

Conclusions
In this national study of hospitals in China, the use of spironolactone among ideal patients and the inappropriate use of spironolactone among patients with contraindications was substantial, with rates that varied markedly by institution.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02877914.
Protein Kinase D1 Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy, Potassium Channel Remodeling, and Arrhythmias in Heart Failure
Authors: Bossuyt Julie , Borst Johanna M. , Verberckmoes Marie , Bailey Logan R. J. , Bers Donald M. , Hegyi Bence 
Published: September 2022

Background
Structural and electrophysiological remodeling characterize heart failure (HF) enhancing arrhythmias. PKD1 (protein kinase D1) is upregulated in HF and mediates pathological hypertrophic signaling, but its role in K+ channel remodeling and arrhythmogenesis in HF is unknown.

Methods and Results
We performed echocardiography, electrophysiology, and expression analysis in wild‐type and PKD1 cardiomyocyte‐specific knockout (cKO) mice following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). PKD1‐cKO mice exhibited significantly less cardiac hypertrophy post‐TAC and were protected from early decline in cardiac contractile function (3 weeks post‐TAC) but not the progression to HF at 7 weeks post‐TAC. Wild‐type mice exhibited ventricular action potential duration prolongation at 8 weeks post‐TAC, which was attenuated in PKD1‐cKO, consistent with larger K+ currents via the transient outward current, sustained current, inward rectifier K+ current, and rapid delayed rectifier K+ current and increased expression of corresponding K+ channels. Conversely, reduction of slowly inactivating K+ current was independent of PKD1 in HF. Acute PKD inhibition slightly increased transient outward current in TAC and sham wild‐type myocytes but did not alter other K+ currents. Sham PKD1‐cKO versus wild‐type also exhibited larger transient outward current and faster early action potential repolarization. Tachypacing‐induced action potential duration alternans in TAC animals was increased and independent of PKD1, but diastolic arrhythmogenic activities were reduced in PKD1‐cKO.

Conclusions
Our data indicate an important role for PKD1 in the HF‐related hypertrophic response and K+ channel downregulation. Therefore, PKD1 inhibition may represent a therapeutic strategy to reduce hypertrophy and arrhythmias; however, PKD1 inhibition may not prevent disease progression and reduced contractility in HF.
Characterizing Permutation-Based Combinatorial Optimization Problems in Fourier Space
Authors: Elorza Anne , Hernando Leticia , Lozano Jose A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Comparing combinatorial optimization problems is a difficult task. They are defined using different criteria and terms: weights, flows, distances, etc. In spite of this apparent discrepancy, on many occasions, they tend to produce problem instances with similar properties. One avenue to compare different problems is to project them onto the same space, in order to have homogeneous representations. Expressing the problems in a unified framework could also lead to the discovery of theoretical properties or the design of new algorithms. This article proposes the use of the Fourier transform over the symmetric group as the tool to project different permutation-based combinatorial optimization problems onto the same space. Based on a previous study (Kondor, 2010), which characterized the Fourier coefficients of the quadratic assignment problem, we describe the Fourier coefficients of three other well-known problems: the symmetric and nonsymmetric traveling salesperson problem and the linear ordering problem. This transformation allows us to gain a better understanding of the intersection between the problems, as well as to bound their intrinsic dimension.
The Value of Private Schools: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Carneiro Pedro , Das Jishnu , Reis Hugo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using unique data from Pakistan, we estimate a model of demand for differentiated products in 112 rural education markets with significant choice among public and private schools. Families are willing to pay substantially for reductions in distance to school, but, in contrast, price elasticities are low. Using the demand estimates, we show that the existence of a low-fee private school market is of great value for households in our sample, reaching 2% to 7% of annual per capita expenditure for those choosing private schools.
Impacts of Environmental Degradation: Forest Loss, Malaria, and Child Outcomes in Nigeria
Authors: Berazneva Julia , Byker Tanya S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We examine the effect of forest loss around the time of birth on infant mortality and the early childhood health of children in rural Nigeria. We find that forest loss leads to an increase in neonatal mortality—one standard deviation of forest loss is associated with a 9%–15% increase in the likelihood of death within the first month of life. The mechanism linking forest loss to infant death is maternal exposure to malaria when the child is in utero. Such exposure also results in worse birth outcomes, proxied by lower weight-for-age and height-for-age of surviving infants.
The Value of Health Insurance during a Crisis: Effects of Medicaid Implementation on Pandemic Influenza Mortality
Authors: Clay Karen , Lewis Joshua , Severnini Edson , Wang Xiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper studies how better access to public health insurance affects infant mortality during pandemics. The analysis combines cross-state variation in mandated eligibility for Medicaid with two influenza pandemics that arrived shortly before and after the program’s introduction in 1965. We find that better access to public health insurance in high-eligibility states substantially reduced pandemic infant mortality. The reductions in pandemic infant mortality are too large to be attributable solely to new Medicaid recipients, suggesting that expanded access to public health insurance helped mitigate disease transmission among the broader population.
Air Pollution and the Labor Market: Evidence from Wildfire Smoke
Authors: Borgschulte Mark , Molitor David , Zou Eric Yongchen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study how air pollution impacts the U.S. labor market by analyzing the effects of drifting wildfire smoke. We link satellite-based smoke plume data with labor market outcomes to estimate that an additional day of smoke exposure reduces quarterly earnings by about 0.1%. Extensive margin responses, including employment reductions and labor force exits, explain 13% of the overall earnings losses. The implied welfare costs from lost earnings due to air pollution exposure is on par with standard valuations of the mortality burden. The findings highlight the importance of labor market channels in air pollution policy responses.
Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care
Authors: Chandra Amitabh , Kakani Pragya , Sacarny Adam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We develop a framework to measure the role of hospital allocation in racial disparities in health care and use it to study Black and white heart attack patients. Black patients receive care at lower-performing hospitals than white patients. However, over two decades, the performance gap between hospitals treating Black and white patients shrank by over two-thirds. This progress is due to more rapid performance improvement at hospitals that tended to treat Black patients rather than reallocation of patients. Hospital improvement is correlated with adoption of a productivity-raising input, beta blockers. Our work highlights reallocation and performance improvement as future disparity-reduction levers.
The Religious Feminist Subject as Material-Discursive Circuit
Authors: Hovland Ingie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article describes three different readings of the creation story of Eve and Adam, occurring over the life span of Henny Dons, a Protestant Christian and first-wave feminist in early-twentieth-century Norway. I discuss her changing understandings of this creation account over the course of her life. More broadly I explore her approach to biblical reading (as receiving, arranging, and iterating) and how this shaped her as a religious feminist subject. I argue that what is going on in her iterated re-readings is not fully captured by the frame of self-cultivation. Rather, this religious feminist subject shows us a series of woman-word operations that receive and arrange a variety of material and discursive entities together in a circuit of “being created woman.”
Coupling between Abyssal Boundary Layers and the Interior Ocean in the Absence of Along-Slope Variations
Authors: Peterson Henry G. , Callies Jörn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To close the overturning circulation, dense bottom water must upwell via turbulent mixing. Recent studies have identified thin bottom boundary layers (BLs) as locations of intense upwelling, yet it remains unclear how they interact with and shape the large-scale circulation of the abyssal ocean. The current understanding of this BL–interior coupling is shaped by 1D theory, suggesting that variations in locally produced BL transport generate exchange with the interior and thus a global circulation. Until now, however, this picture has been based on a 1D theory that fails to capture the local evolution in even highly idealized 2D geometries. The present work applies BL theory to revised 1D dynamics, which more naturally generalizes to two and three dimensions. The BL is assumed to be in quasi-equilibrium between the upwelling of dense water and the convergence of downward buoyancy fluxes. The BL transport, for which explicit formulas are presented, exerts an influence on the interior by modifying the bottom boundary condition. In 1D, this BL transport is independent of the interior evolution, but in 2D the BL and interior are fully coupled. Once interior variables and the bottom slope are allowed to vary in the horizontal, the resulting convergences and divergences in the BL transport exchange mass with the interior. This framework allows for the analysis of previously inaccessible problems such as the BL–interior coupling in the presence of an exponential interior stratification, laying the foundation for developing a full theory for the abyssal circulation.
Platelet preservation in cardiac surgery using minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation versus optimized cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Beairsto Brian , Serrick Cyril , Fernandez Amanda , Lafreniere-Roula Myriam , Badiwala Mitesh , Karkouti Keyvan , Rao Vivek 
Published: September 2022

Background Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) is employed as a strategy to attenuate the physiologic disturbance caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. The aim of this study was to compare the coagulation profile of MiECC to an optimized conventional extracorporeal circuit (OpECC) with regards to platelet function, rotational thromboelastometry and blood product usage. Methods A retrospective analysis of coronary artery bypass grafting operations using either MiECC or OpECC was performed at a single institution. Results A total of 112 patients were included, with 61 receiving MiECC and 51 OpECC patients. OpECC patients had a significantly larger BSA (1.95+/- 0.22m2 vs 1.88 +/- 0.18m2, p = 0.034), than those who received MiECC. No difference between groups was observed regarding red blood cell, plasma, and platelet transfusions. Functional platelet count during the warming phase of cardiopulmonary bypass was found to be higher in the MiECC group ((136 (102–171) x109/L vs 109 (94–136) x109/L), p = 0.027), as were functional platelets as a percent of total platelet count ((86 (77–91)% vs 76 (63–82)%), p = 0.003). There were no significant differences between other outcomes such as operative mortality, incidence of stroke, and intensive care unit length of stay. Conclusion While we did not see a difference in blood transfusions, MiECC resulted in a statistically significant advantage over OpECC with regards to preservation of functional platelets.
Drivers and patterns of early retirement in the neoliberal university
Authors: Taylor Philip , Gringart Eyal , Webb Eileen O , Carnemolla Phillippa , Drake Deirdre , Oppert Michelle , Harvey Robin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article increases understanding of university labour processes. The antecedents and characteristics of early retirement schemes implemented by Australian universities between 2010 and 2020 were considered. Twenty-eight schemes were identified across 20 universities. Content analysis of descriptions of the schemes contained in official documents was undertaken. This revealed somewhat common justifications for the schemes, linked to concerns about organisational sustainability/resilience in the face of external threats and the implementation of modernising efforts. Such justifications appeared to be underpinned by similar ageist biases on the part of management. Despite this broad commonality, however, the schemes manifested a multifurcation of possible work-retirement pathways across institutions. Such reorganisation of labour processes, based on ageist representations that potentially place established workers in conflict with others, represents an incongruence between the market-oriented objectives of universities and areas of public policy responding to workforce ageing. It is argued that drawing momentum from emerging conceptions of sustainability and current diversity initiatives such as Athena Swan and Age Friendly Universities it may be possible to sever the link university leadership perceive between the divestment of older workers and the fulfilment of modernising agendas.
Research Priorities in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Funding Availability, Recently Published Work, and Future Directions for Advancing Our Science
Authors: Mechling Brandy , Ali Muhammad Ali Charania Nadia , Paun Olimpia , Lewin Linda , Bostrom Andrea , Mumba Mercy , Niitsu Ko , Ahern Nancy 
Published: September 2022

Background: Identifying and sharing psychiatric mental health (PMH) research priorities can help identify gaps in the literature, determine training needs for nurses, and assist investigators in locating funding. Aims: The aims for this project included: (1) identify PMH nursing specialty research priorities from large, public funding entities; (2) compare the identified research priorities and scholarly articles published in 2020; and (3) outline future directions for advancing the science of PMH nursing. Methods: Strategic plans of funding entities for PMH research were reviewed for research priorities. Summarized priorities were then compared with publications from peer-reviewed PMH nursing journals. Work conducted in the United States was extracted and categorized as original research, evidence-based practice (EBP), or quality improvement (QI), then design and population. Results: Priorities from 13 funding entities comprised three domains (education, research, and practice), with nine areas, 30 topics, and subtopics. Eight journals produced 432 articles with 99 (23%) conducted in the United States. Among these journals, publications fitting research priorities ranged from 1 to 33 articles. Of the 99 articles, 85% were original research and 15% were either EBP or QI. Descriptive articles comprised 64% and 23% tested interventions. Populations studied included workforce; adults; infants, children, and adolescents; and parents. Conclusions: All published articles by the U.S. PMH nurses matched the funding priorities, but not all funding priorities were addressed by 2020 publications. The majority of work was conducted outside of the United States and most published from the United States was descriptive, contrary to many United States funders’ priorities for interventional research.
Prevalence, clinical presentation and MRI of intervertebral disc herniations in cats
Authors: Bibbiani Leonardo , Gelendi Stefania , Bernardini Marco , Balducci Federica , Contiero Barbara , Canal Sara 
Published: September 2022

Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and to describe the clinical and diagnostic imaging features of the different types of feline intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). Methods Medical records and imaging studies were retrospectively reviewed for cats diagnosed with IVDH between January 2008 and October 2020. Information obtained from the clinical records included signalment, clinical presentation, the presence of spinal hyperaesthesia and neurolocalisation. Diagnostic imaging findings, including type (ie, intervertebral disc extrusion [IVDE], intervertebral disc protrusion [IVDP] or acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE), site and number of IVDHs, were recorded. The association between breed, age, sex, duration and severity of neurological signs, the presence of spinal pain and MRI features was evaluated. Results Forty-three cats were included. A total of 50 IVDHs were identified: 39 cats were diagnosed with a single IVDH and four with multiple IVDHs. The most common type of IVDH was ANNPE (n = 22), followed by IVDP (n = 19) and IVDE (n = 9). Neuroanatomical localisation included L4–S3 (n = 19/43), T3–L3 (n = 18/43) and C1–C5 (n = 6/43). Cats with a single IVDH were statistically significantly associated with a diagnosis of ANNPE ( P = 0.023) compared with cats with multiple IVDHs affected by IVDP ( P = 0.004). Males were more commonly affected by IVDE ( P = 0.020) and females by ANNPE ( P = 0.020). Cats with IVDP had a longer duration of clinical signs ( P <0.001) than cats with ANNPE and demonstrated milder neurological deficits ( P = 0.005). IVDEs were statistically significantly associated with spinal hyperaesthesia ( P = 0.013), while ANNPEs were not ( P = 0.014). Conclusions and relevance ANNPE, IVDP and IVDE are each associated with distinctive clinical scenarios. Thoracolumbar and mid-to-caudal lumbar regions are the most affected, followed by the cranial cervical spine segment.