bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-system specialty pharmacy role and outcomes: A review of current literature
Authors: Zuckerman Autumn D , Whelchel Kristen , Kozlicki Miranda , Simonyan Anahit R , Donovan Jennifer L , Gazda Nicholas P , Mourani Jessica , Smith Amy Metcalfe , Young Lauren , Ortega Melissa , Kelley Tara N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Specialty medications can have life-altering outcomes for patients with complex diseases. However, their benefit relies on appropriate treatment selection, patients’ ability to afford and initiate treatment, and ongoing treatment optimization based on patient response to therapy. Mounting research demonstrates the benefits of the health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) in improving specialty medication access, affordability, and outcomes. The purpose of this rapid review is to describe the currently reported role and function of HSSP pharmacists and outcomes reported with use of the HSSP model, and to identify gaps in the literature where more information is needed to better understand the HSSP model and outcomes.

Summary
Current literature describes the role of HSSP pharmacists in facilitating patient access, affordability, and initiation and maintenance of specialty medications. Though it is clear HSSP pharmacists are involved in treatment monitoring, often through utilizing the electronic health record, more information is needed to elucidate the frequency, method, and extent of monitoring. Despite several valuable continuity of care services reported to be provided by HSSPs, the breadth and degree of standardization of these services remains unclear. There is minimal literature describing HSSP education and research involvement. HSSPs have reported significant benefits of this patient care model, as demonstrated by higher adherence and persistence; better clinical outcomes; financial benefits to patients, payers, and the health system; better quality of care; higher patient and provider satisfaction with services, and highly efficient specialty pharmacy services. More literature comparing clinical and diagnosis-related outcomes in HSSP versus non-HSSP patients is needed.

Conclusion
HSSPs provide comprehensive, patient-centered specialty medication management that result in improved care across the continuum of the specialty patient journey and act as a valuable resource for specialty clinics and patients beyond medication management. Future research should build on the current description of HSSP services, how services affect patient outcomes, and the impact HSSP network restrictions.
Learning discriminative and structural samples for rare cell types with deep generative model
Authors: Wang Haiyue , Ma Xiaoke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCell types (subpopulations) serve as bio-markers for the diagnosis and therapy of complex diseases, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) measures expression of genes at cell level, paving the way for the identification of cell types. Although great efforts have been devoted to this issue, it remains challenging to identify rare cell types in scRNA-seq data because of the few-shot problem, lack of interpretability and separation of generating samples and clustering of cells. To attack these issues, a novel deep generative model for leveraging the small samples of cells (aka scLDS2) is proposed by precisely estimating the distribution of different cells, which discriminate the rare and non-rare cell types with adversarial learning. Specifically, to enhance interpretability of samples, scLDS2 generates the sparse faked samples of cells with $\ell _1$-norm, where the relations among cells are learned, facilitating the identification of cell types. Furthermore, scLDS2 directly obtains cell types from the generated samples by learning the block structure such that cells belonging to the same types are similar to each other with the nuclear-norm. scLDS2 joins the generation of samples, classification of the generated and truth samples for cells and feature extraction into a unified generative framework, which transforms the rare cell types detection problem into a classification problem, paving the way for the identification of cell types with joint learning. The experimental results on 20 datasets demonstrate that scLDS2 significantly outperforms 17 state-of-the-art methods in terms of various measurements with 25.12% improvement in adjusted rand index on average, providing an effective strategy for scRNA-seq data with rare cell types. (The software is coded using python, and is freely available for academic https://github.com/xkmaxidian/scLDS2).
The manufactured crisis of COVID-Keynesianism in Britain, Germany and the USA
Authors: Wood James D G , Ausserladscheider Valentina , Sparkes Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEconomic policymaking shifted away from neoliberal ideals towards ‘crisis’ Keynesianism during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use a comparative process tracing approach to examine how political and economic actors in Britain, Germany and the USA attempt to legitimise a potential return to neoliberalism to voters. We show that pro-neoliberal actors discursively construct a ‘crisis’ of COVID-Keynesianism by associating it with rising inflation and ‘unsustainable’ levels of government spending. Whilst emphasising key neoliberal policies of maintaining low inflation and fiscal conservativism to establish a return to ‘normal’ neoliberal policymaking. Therefore, we explain how the neoliberal policy paradigm reasserts itself when challenged.
Duration of extracorporeal life support bridging delineates differences in the outcome between awake and sedated bridge-to-transplant patients
Authors: Ponholzer Florian , Schwarz Stefan , Jaksch Peter , Benazzo Alberto , Kifjak Daria , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Schweiger Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Traditionally, patients on bridge-to-transplant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were kept sedated and intubated. However, awake bridging strategies have evolved during recent years. This study aims to elaborate differences in physical activity and postoperative outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx), depending on bridging strategy and duration.

METHODS
Bridged patients receiving LTx between March 2013 and April 2021 were analysed. Awake bridging was defined as a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score of ≥−1 until 24 h before transplantation. Patients were grouped in awake and sedated cohorts.

RESULTS
A total of 88 patients (35 awake, 53 sedated bridging) were included. After LTx, mobilization to standing position was achieved earlier in awake bridged patients (7 vs 15 days, P &lt; 0.001). Postoperative ventilation time (247 vs 88 h, P = 0.005) and intensive care unit stay (30 vs 16 days, P = 0.004) were longer in the sedated cohort. Awake patients with bridging duration &gt;6 days showed shorter postoperative ventilation time (108 vs 383 h, P = 0.003), less intensive care unit days (23 vs 36, P = 0.003) and earlier mobilization to standing position (9 vs 17 days, P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, postoperative ventilation time and days in intensive care unit in patients with bridge-to-transplant duration ≤6 days were comparable between cohorts. Mobilization to standing position was achieved faster in the awake (≤6 days) bridged cohort (5 vs 9 days, P = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS
Despite the complex management of bridged patients, excellent survival rates after LTx can be achieved. Especially in patients with more than 1 week on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, awake bridging concepts are associated with significantly faster recovery.
Evidence-based insights on ideal blanking period duration following atrial fibrillation catheter ablation
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Ballatore Andrea , Xhakupi Henri , Rubat Baleuri Federico , Magnano Massimo , Gaita Fiorenzo , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Despite the general adoption of a 3-month blanking period (BP), increasing scientific evidence suggests an association between early recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ERAT) and failure of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (AFCA). The aim of the present study was to perform a diagnostic meta-analysis to derive the ideal BP cut-off following AFCA.

Methods and results
PubMed/MEDLINE databases were screened for articles reporting late recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmias (LRAT) in AFCA patients experiencing an ERAT (with at least one time cut-off). Seventeen studies were finally included in the analysis, encompassing 5837 AF patients experiencing ERAT after AFCA. A random-effect meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies with multiple cut-offs was performed. The day at which the ERAT occurred was considered the diagnostic ‘test’, whereas the different time cut-offs reported in the singular studies were treated as cut-offs of interest in the meta-analysis. Overall, a 27.7 day (95% confidence interval: 10.4–45.1 days) cut-off was identified as the optimal BP duration [area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUC-SROC) curve: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56–0.75]. Specificity (95% CI: 63–85%) and positive predictive value were 76%. At subgroup analysis, the optimal BP cut-off was 39.0 days (95% CI: 26.8–51.2 days, AUC-SROC: 0.63) following radiofrequency AFCA and 30.1 days (95% CI: 0–63.4 days, AUC-SROC: 0.76) after cryoballoon ablation.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis indicates that a 4-week BP represents the optimal cut-off following AFCA. Altogether, these meta-analytic insights support the need of a revision of the actual 3-month BP duration.
Effects of humidity and temperature on the non-linear elasticity of rocks
Authors: Feng Xuan , Fehler Michael , Burns Daniel , Brown Stephen , Szabo Thomas L 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYSmall velocity changes, associated with the non-linear response of rocks within the Earth, have been measured from dense arrays of seismometers to observe crustal deformation, the influence of solar heating and in situ pore pressure changes. Characterization of the non-linear elastic response of rocks provides new insight into rock microstructure and possibly new ways to determine the presence and type of fluid in the pore space. We conducted a long-term experiment to understand the influence of humidity and temperature on the non-linear elastic properties (NEPs) of rocks. The relative velocity change (dv/v), a NEP, is computed from the time of flight delay caused by the presence of a superposed high amplitude ultrasonic signal in a sandstone sample within a controlled environmental chamber. Our phenomenological model for diffusion of humidity into the pore space fits the dv/v data exceptionally well, showing the dv/v is a linear function of humidity. We subtract the dv/v predicted by the humidity diffusion model from the measured dv/v to get a residual dv/v. This residual dv/v can be well fit by a temperature diffusion model in which the dv/v is a linear function of temperature. We suggest that dv/v is a sensitive indicator of moisture in pore spaces of rock and the temperature of the rock.
Characterizing the cover across South Australia: a simple passive-seismic method for estimating sedimentary thickness
Authors: Agrawal Shubham , Eakin Caroline M , O’Donnell John 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
A blanket of sedimentary and regolith material covers approximately three-quarters of the Australian continent, obscuring the crustal geology below and potential mineral resources within. Sedimentary basins also trap seismic energy increasing seismic hazard and generating noisy seismograms that make determining deeper crustal and lithospheric structure more challenging. The most fundamental question that can first be asked in addressing these challenges is how thick are the sediments? Borehole drilling and active seismic experiments using a controlled seismic source (e.g. vibroseis) provide excellent constraints, but they are limited in geographical coverage due to their expense, especially when operating in remote areas. On the other hand, passive-seismic experiments that involve the deployment of seismic receivers only (i.e. seismometers) are relatively low-cost and portable, providing a practical alternative for initial surveys. Here we utilize receiver functions obtained for both temporary and permanent seismic stations in South Australia, covering regions with a diverse sediment distribution. We present a straightforward method to determine the basement depth based on the arrival time of the P-converted-to-S phase generated at the boundary between the crustal basement and sedimentary strata above. Utilizing the available borehole data, we establish a simple predictive relationship between Ps arrival time and the basement depth, which could then be applied to other sedimentary basins with some consideration. The method is found to work best for Phanerozoic sediments and offers a way to determine the sediment–basement interface in unexplored areas requiring only temporary seismic stations deployed for &lt; 6 months.
Estimation of fracture normal stiffness using wellbore pressure recovery
Authors: Cheng Yan , Renner Joerg 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Fractures are ubiquitous in Earth’s upper crust and strongly affect its physical properties. Their visibility for elastic waves hinges on their stiffness, a measure of the relation between changes in fracture aperture and applied stress, which itself significantly increases with increasing stress according to laboratory data. We constrained normal stiffness (and its stress dependence) of two fractures intersecting a borehole in the research mine ‘Reiche Zeche’ in Freiberg, Saxony, Germany, from pressure-recovery behaviour observed when the pressure in a double-packer interval enclosing them was briefly released during shut-in sequences. For the evaluation of the pressure recovery, we developed a generic model that accounts for the inherent convolution of mechanical closing of the fracture, fluid flow in the fracture, fluid exchange between fracture and the surrounding rock, here addressed as fracture leakage, and effects associated with finite borehole storage. We address the hydraulic system by considering three different ‘storage containers’, described by non-dimensionless storage parameters: the wellbore with a fixed storage capacity, the fracture with storage capacities related to fluid compressibility and fracture stiffness, and the surrounding rock constituting a container with unlimited storage capacity. To examine the model’s characteristics, we investigated pressure transients predicted for specific cases, such as negligible fracture leakage, and subsequently numerically determined the sensitivity of the model predictions to the involved model parameters. The model’s application to the field data yield estimates of properties of the fractures (length, aperture and stiffness) and of the surrounding rock mass (product of permeability and specific storage capacity). The parameters derived from the modelling compare well with independent constraints. An analysis of currently available fracture-stiffness data shows that the lack of knowledge of the stress dependence of stiffness severely hampers firm conclusions on scale dependence and the bias between methods.
Ustekinumab Tissue and Serum Levels in Patients With Crohn’s Disease Are Closely Correlated Though Not Consistently Associated With Objective Response After Induction
Authors: Proietti Elisa , Pauwels Renske W M , van der Woude Christien J , Doukas Michael , Oudijk Lindsey , Peppelenbosch Maikel P , Grohmann Ursula , Crombag Marie-Rose B S , de Vries Annemarie C , Fuhler Gwenny M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Ustekinumab (UST), which targets p40/interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-12, is an effective treatment for Crohn’s disease (CD). Therapeutic drug monitoring may optimize UST posology. The aim of this study was to investigate UST and IL-23 serum and tissue concentrations in relation to mucosal inflammation and treatment response at an early time point.

Methods
CD patients starting UST between December 2016 and November 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Endoscopies were performed at baseline and week 16. UST and IL-23 serum and tissue concentrations were measured at week 16. Clinical and biochemical response were defined as decline of ≥3 points in Harvey-Bradshaw Index and reduction of ≥50% in fecal calprotectin levels. Endoscopic response was defined as a ≥50% decline in Simple Endoscopic Score or a decline of ≥1 points in Rutgeerts score. Histological remission was defined as Global Histologic Disease Activity Score ≤4.

Results
Of 56 included patients, 17 (30%) of 56 showed clinical response, 16 (30%) of 53 showed biochemical response, and 20 (36%) of 56 showed endoscopic response. UST, but not IL-23, concentration in biopsies was correlated to levels in corresponding sera (P &lt; .0001). No correlation was found between UST tissue levels and treatment response. Patients achieving biochemical response showed significantly higher UST serum levels (3.12 µg/mL vs 1.41 µg/mL; P = .01). Tissue IL-23-to-UST ratio correlated with mucosal inflammation (P = .01).

Conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate a correlation between serum and tissue UST levels. While tissue IL-23-to-UST ratio correlated with mucosal inflammation, UST serum levels were more indicative for biochemical response. The role of UST levels for therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease needs further research.
(Re)Appraising Remission in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sood Ajit , Singh Arshdeep , Mahajan Ramit , Midha Vandana , Bernstein Charles N , Rubin David T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC) shift from control of symptoms to mucosal healing and prevention of disease complications like disability, colectomy, and cancer, the definition of remission has evolved. The current definition of clinical remission is variable and is determined by the clinical context in which it is being used. This results in skepticism and uncertainty about the true meaning of the term “clinical remission.” In this review, the authors reexamine the definition of clinical remission and propose a novel approach to define remission in UC.
Ethnographic approaches and international refugee law
Authors: Janmyr Maja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
International refugee law permeates a plethora of international, national and local arenas and is developed, interpreted and applied by a wide range of very different actors. In this diversity of contexts, how do we best study the role and place of this body of law? This article advocates for the application of ethnographic approaches in the study of international refugee law, where the positivist legal approach heavily dominates the field. It argues that ethnography’s contribution to knowledge on international refugee law lies not only in its methods, but also in its perspectives on questions of power, knowledge, reflexivity and subjectivity. The article illustrates the value of the ethnographic approach through three vignettes focusing on (i) the concept of ‘refugee’; (ii) refugee rights-claiming and rights-mobilization; and (iii) actors and processes in the creation and spread of international refugee law norms.
THE REQUIREMENT FOR TRANS AND GENDER DIVERSE YOUTH TO SEEK COURT APPROVAL FOR THE COMMENCEMENT OF HORMONE TREATMENT: A COMPARISON OF AUSTRALIAN JURISPRUDENCE WITH THE ENGLISH DECISION IN BELL
Authors: Smith Malcolm K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article outlines the Australian legal position relevant to minors and the commencement of hormone treatment for Gender Dysphoria (GD). It traces the significant Australian legal developments in this field and compares the Australian jurisprudence with recent English caselaw. In Quincy Bell and Mrs A v The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust and Ors, the English High Court held that minors below 16 years are not likely to have the requisite competency to lawfully consent to the commencement of puberty suppressing drugs. The Court of Appeal subsequently overturned this decision, but there are important aspects of the High Court’s reasoning that warrant further analysis, particularly some of the underlying reasoning about the nature of GD as a condition and its treatment. This article highlights several common themes when comparing the High Court’s reasoning in Bell with Australian jurisprudence and highlights how the Australian position has advanced significantly since the first Australian cases in this field were decided. This comparison shows that the Australian perspective is important in demonstrating how judicial views can advance over time alongside a deeper understanding of GD, its treatment, and the broader impact of a requirement to involve the court in such cases. It is concluded that the Australian perspective should be considered in future English cases.
AGN accretion and black hole growth across compact and extended galaxy evolution phases
Authors: Aird James , Coil Alison L , Kocevski Dale D 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The extent of black hole growth during different galaxy evolution phases and the connection between galaxy compactness and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity remain poorly understood. We use Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the CANDELS fields to identify star-forming and quiescent galaxies at z = 0.5–3 in both compact and extended phases and use Chandra X-ray imaging to measure the distribution of AGN accretion rates and track black hole growth within these galaxies. We show that accounting for the impact of AGN light changes ∼20 per cent of the X-ray sources from compact to extended galaxy classifications. We find that ∼10–25 per cent of compact star-forming galaxies host an AGN, a mild enhancement (by a factor ∼2) compared to extended star-forming galaxies or compact quiescent galaxies of equivalent stellar mass and redshift. However, AGNs are not ubiquitous in compact star-forming galaxies and this is not the evolutionary phase, given its relatively short time-scale, where the bulk of black hole mass growth takes place. Conversely, we measure the highest AGN fractions (∼10–30 per cent) within the relatively rare population of extended quiescent galaxies. For massive galaxies that quench at early cosmic epochs, substantial black hole growth in this extended phase is crucial to produce the elevated black hole mass-to-galaxy stellar mass scaling relation observed for quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 0. We also show that AGN fraction increases with compactness in star-forming galaxies and decreases in quiescent galaxies within both the compact and extended subpopulations, demonstrating that AGN activity depends closely on the structural properties of galaxies.
External or internal companion exciting the spiral arms in CQ Tau?
Authors: Hammond Iain , Christiaens Valentin , Price Daniel J , Ubeira-Gabellini Maria Giulia , Baird Jennifer , Calcino Josh , Benisty Myriam , Lodato Giuseppe , Testi Leonardo , Pinte Christophe , Toci Claudia , Fedele Davide 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present new high-contrast images in near-infrared wavelengths (λc = 1.04, 1.24, 1.62, 2.18, and 3.78 μm) of the young variable star CQ Tau, aiming to constrain the presence of companions in the protoplanetary disc. We reached a Ks-band contrast of 14 mag with SPHERE/IRDIS at separations greater than 0${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$4 from the star. Our mass sensitivity curve rules out giant planets above 4 MJup immediately outside the spiral arms at ∼60 au and above 2–3 MJup beyond 100 au to 5σ confidence assuming hot-start models. We do, however, detect four spiral arms, a double-arc and evidence for shadows in scattered light cast by a misaligned inner disc. Our observations may be explained by an unseen close-in companion on an inclined and eccentric orbit. Such a hypothesis would also account for the disc CO cavity and disturbed kinematics.