bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance predominates over niche factors as determinant of the frequency of interactions between frugivorous birds and plants
Authors: Pizo Marco A. , Fontanella Antonio B. , Carlo Tomás A. , González‐Castro Aarón 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeutral and niche factors influence the structure of frugivory and seed dispersal networks. While the former refers to the abundance of interacting species, niche factors refer to traits that mediate interactions between species (e.g., morphology). The challenge is to unravel in which circumstances one kind of factor predominates over the other, or how much variation is explained by each factor. We investigated the relative contributions of abundance and trait matching (considering fruit's size, pulp mass to seed mass ratio, and lipid content, and bird's degree of frugivory, body mass, and gape width) as drivers of the frequency of interactions between frugivorous birds and fleshy fruits in an area of Cerrado second‐growth vegetation in Brazil. We expected that the abundance of species would be the most important factor due to the predominance of common small‐bodied generalist bird species and small‐seeded fleshy‐fruited plants. Species abundance was indeed an important factor explaining interactions, although in limited fashion. This is because niche factors also helped to explain bird–plant interaction frequencies in the community, particularly the mass ratio of fruits and, to a lesser extent, their lipid content through its interaction with abundance and its negative correlation with mass ratio. In addition to the importance of both bird and plant abundances, these results underscore the role played by plant functional traits in maintaining community function and ecosystem services even in habitats dominated by common generalist birds and small‐seeded plants.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Parental care in trajectories of forced migration: Ruptures and changing conditions for family life
Authors: Shapiro Ditte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForced migration has a major impact on family life. Yet, how the trajectory of flight and process of rebuilding everyday family life can challenge parental care is understudied and undertheorized. This article provides insight into the multiple transitions and ruptures that dramatically change the everyday conditions for parental care in the migratory process. By empirically exploring the migratory process in a family perspective, including the perspective of children and parents, and by analytically unfolding an understanding of parental care as part of shifting local structures of social practice, the article sheds light on the content of parental care so rarely studied. The analysis draws on an ethnographically inspired practice research study conducted in 2014–2017 in cooperation with five Syrian families, while they were awaiting asylum and during their first year with a temporary residence permit in Denmark. The empirical foundation consists of participant observation in the everyday life of the families and recurrent interviews with eight parents and 15 children. The article concludes with a discussion of the contribution to the conceptualization of parental care and implications for qualifying social work with refugee families.
Safety and accuracy of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in diagnosing desquamative interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Zhao Jun‐ge , Zhou Guo‐wu , Zhao Ling , Liu Min , Ren Yan‐hong , Dai Hua‐ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionTransbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is a new technique to obtain specimens for diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in recent years. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and the diagnostic accuracy of TBLC in patients of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP).MethodsIn this study twelve patients confirmed with DIP were selected from January 2019 to December 2020 at the department of pulmonary and critical care medicine in China‐Japan Friendship Hospital. All cases underwent TBLC in a hybrid cone beam CT (CBCT) operation room with a single general anesthesia. The definitive diagnosis was made by a multidisciplinary team that involved clinicians, radiologists and pathologists. This study analyzed the biopsy sample surface areas, main complications and the consistency between TBLC pathology and multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) diagnosis for DIP.ResultsAn average of 3.1 ± 1.1 specimens were obtained per patient. The mean surface area of the specimen was 23.7 ± 6.1 mm2. None of the cases had pneumothorax or massive hemorrhage. Ten cases (83.3%) had no or mild bleeding and two cases (16.7%) had moderate bleeding. All cases had the typical pathologic characteristics of DIP, which was highly consistent with the diagnosis of MDD.ConclusionTBLC can obtain sufficient samples for the pathological diagnosis of DIP, which has high security and accuracy in experienced specialist centers.
Eating and drinking ability and nutritional status in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: McAllister Anita , Sjöstrand Eva , Rodby‐Bousquet Elisabet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo describe eating and drinking ability in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) relative to sex, age, subtype, and severity of gross motor and hand function and nutritional status.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study based on data of 2035 adults with CP, median age 26 years (range 18–78 years). The Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) were used in addition to subtype, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), skin fold thickness, and gastrostomy. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between body weight and the other variables.ResultsMore than half of the adults (52.5%) eat and drink safely and 32.4% have dysphagia with limitations to eating and drinking safety. Weight, height, and BMI decreased with increasing EDACS levels. In EDACS level V, 86% had a gastrostomy, 23.4% in EDACS levels III to V were underweight, whereas 42.3% in EDACS levels I to II had a BMI over 25, indicating overweight or obesity. Increasing EDACS levels and need of support during meals were associated with lower body weight.InterpretationAdults with CP should be routinely screened and treated for dysphagia to avoid nutritional complications. Being dependent on others during mealtimes is a risk factor for low body weight.
New evidence on wine in French international trade (1848–1913): Import discrimination as export quality promotion
Authors: Becuwe Stéphane , Blancheton Bertrand , Maveyraud Samuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing an original dataset and theoretical framework, this paper offers a reinterpretation of the French wine international trade after external shocks during wine globalisation based on trade policy. To maintain its external position, particularly after the arrival of phylloxera in the 1860s, French authorities promoted the development of Algerian vineyards by complex discrimination in tariffs. We highlight a negative relationship between discrimination in tariff policy and market share for wine trade partners to the detriment of Spain, Italy, and Portugal and in favour of Algeria. By combining a counterfactual analysis and two theoretical models, we consider Algeria as a new competitor in an imperfect competition. Moreover, using data of wine quality at a disaggregated level, we reveal that the control of imports by France allowed the diversification of the range of exports and maximisation of profits.
HIV‐associated plasmablastic lymphoma: A single‐centre 12‐year experience in Kwa‐Zulu Natal, South Africa
Authors: Rapiti Nadine , Peer Nasheeta , Abdelatif Nada , Rapiti Pamela , Moosa Yunus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical profile and outcome of patients with HIV‐associated plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oncovin, prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy in a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa.MethodsThis 12‐year retrospective clinical chart review, from 2006 to 2018, of patients with PBL treated with CHOP chemotherapy describes their clinical presentation, complete response (CR), progression‐free survival (PFS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Response to salvage chemotherapy was also assessed, as was the overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 26 patients included in the study, PBL was the presenting manifestation of underlying HIV infection in 58% (n = 15). The median age was 35 years (range 13–49), and 62% (n = 16) were males. The median CD4 count was 285 cells/µL (range 45–863). All patients had extranodal disease, with 4% having bone marrow involvement (n = 1) and > 60% presenting with advanced stage and high‐risk PBL. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement was present in 15% (n = 4). A CR was attained in 46% (n = 12). The median DFS was 23.5 months (range 5–91 months), with an overall 2‐year survival of 42% (n = 11).ConclusionsPatients with PBL had a low CR with CHOP chemotherapy and poor OS. Use of alternative chemotherapy regimens needs to be investigated to optimally manage this aggressive lymphoma. The surprisingly low incidence of marrow involvement is the focus of ongoing local research.
An examination of student nurse practitioners' diagnostic reasoning skills
Authors: Rogers Melanie , Steinke Mary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the diagnostic reasoning skills of two nurse practitioner student cohorts.IntroductionNurse practitioners continue to play a pivotal role in health care provision. Diagnostic reasoning is a core skill of advanced practice. A comparative diagnostic reasoning study between two student cohorts was undertaken between 2018 and 2019.MethodsA validated diagnostic reasoning scale was completed by nurse practitioner students in the United Kingdom and the United States of America at the beginning and end of their clinical placements. The study utilized descriptive quantitative statistics from the data submitted by 22 survey respondents from an online survey.ResultsAnalysis of the diagnostic reasoning skills suggested there was a difference in the structural memory scores when compared with the beginning of their clinical placements and the final semester of their clinical placements.ConclusionDiagnostic reasoning skills are a core skill of advanced practice. As students progress through their training, these skills improve. Despite the statistical difference in diagnostic reasoning scores, caution should be made in determining any larger implications due to the small number of participants in this study. Further study is needed in this area.
Enterprise Risk Management: Theory and Practice
Authors: Nocco Brian W. , Stulz René M. 
Published: March 2022

The Chief Risk Officer of Nationwide Insurance teams up with a distinguished academic to discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the design and implementation of an enterprise risk management program. The authors begin by arguing that a carefully designed ERM program—one in which all material corporate risks are viewed and managed within a single framework—can be a source of long‐run competitive advantage and value through its effects at both a “macro” or company‐wide level and a “micro” or business‐unit level.At the macro level, ERM enables senior management to identify, measure, and limit to acceptable levels the net exposures faced by the company. By managing such exposures mainly with the idea of cushioning downside outcomes and protecting the firm's credit rating, ERM helps maintain the firm's access to capital and other resources necessary to implement its strategy and business plan.At the micro level, ERM adds value by ensuring that all material risks are “owned,” and risk‐return tradeoffs carefully evaluated, by operating managers and employees throughout the firm. To this end, business unit managers at Nationwide are required to provide information about the major risks associated with all new capital projects—information that can then be used by senior management to evaluate the marginal impact of the projects on the firm's total risk. And to encourage operating managers to focus on the risk‐return tradeoffs in their own businesses, Nationwide's periodic performance evaluations of its business units attempt to reflect their contributions to total risk by assigning risk‐adjusted levels of “imputed” capital on which project managers are expected to earn adequate returns.The second, and by far the larger, part of the article provides an extensive guide to the process and major challenges that arise when implementing ERM, along with an account of Nationwide's approach to dealing with them. Among other issues, the authors discuss how a company should assess its risk “appetite,” measure how much risk it is bearing, and decide which risks to retain and which to transfer to others. Consistent with the principle of comparative advantage it uses to guide such decisions, Nationwide attempts to limit “non‐core” exposures, such as interest rate and equity risk, thereby enlarging the firm's capacity to bear the “information‐intensive, insurance‐specific” risks at the core of its business and competencies.
Risk‐Taking and Risk Management by Banks
Authors: Stulz René M. 
Published: March 2022

A well‐governed bank takes the amount of risk that is expected to maximize its shareholder wealth, subject to the constraints imposed by laws and regulators. The role of risk management in such banks is not to minimize or reduce the banks’ total risk. It is rather to identify and measure the risks the banks are taking, aggregate these risks into a measure of the banks’ total risk, enable the banks to avoid or eliminate “bad” risks, and ensure that the banks’ level of risk is consistent with their risk appetites.Organizing the risk management function to play such a role is challenging not only because of the difficulty of measuring risk with precision, but also because the use of more detailed rules, although potentially effective in preventing destructive risk‐taking, limits the flexibility of an institution to take advantage of opportunities that increase firm value. The limitations of risk measurement, together with the decentralization of risk‐taking in most large financial institutions, mean that setting appropriate incentives for risk‐takers and promoting the development of an appropriate risk culture are essential to the success of risk management in performing its function.
Barriers and facilitators of physical activity in adolescents with intellectual disabilities: An analysis informed by the COM‐B model
Authors: McDermott Gary , Brick Noel E. , Shannon Stephen , Fitzpatrick Ben , Taggart Laurence 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with intellectual disabilities are insufficiently physically active. Where interventions have been developed and delivered, these have had limited effectiveness, and often lack a theoretical underpinning.AimThrough application of the COM‐B model, our aim is to explore the factors influencing adolescent physical activity within schools.MethodsA qualitative methodology, using focus groups with students who have mild/moderate intellectual disabilities, their parents'/carers' and teachers'. The COM‐B model provided the lens through which the data were collected and analysed.ResultsWe identified of a range of individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors influencing physical activity, across all six COM‐B constructs, within the context of the ‘school‐system’.ConclusionThis is the first study to use the COM‐B model to explore school‐based physical activity behaviour, for adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Identification of such physical activity behavioural determinants can support the development of effective and sustainable interventions.
JAK‐STAT core cancer pathway: An integrative cancer interactome analysis
Authors: Erdogan Fettah , Radu Tudor Bogdan , Orlova Anna , Qadree Abdul Khawazak , de Araujo Elvin Dominic , Israelian Johan , Valent Peter , Mustjoki Satu M. , Herling Marco , Moriggl Richard , Gunning Patrick Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThrough a comprehensive review and in silico analysis of reported data on STAT‐linked diseases, we analysed the communication pathways and interactome of the seven STATs in major cancer categories and proposed rational targeting approaches for therapeutic intervention to disrupt critical pathways and addictions to hyperactive JAK/STAT in neoplastic states. Although all STATs follow a similar molecular activation pathway, STAT1, STAT2, STAT4 and STAT6 exert specific biological profiles associated with a more restricted pattern of activation by cytokines. STAT3 and STAT5A as well as STAT5B have pleiotropic roles in the body and can act as critical oncogenes that promote many processes involved in cancer development. STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 also possess tumour suppressive action in certain mutational and cancer type context. Here, we demonstrated member‐specific STAT activity in major cancer types. Through systems biology approaches, we found surprising roles for EGFR family members, sex steroid hormone receptor ESR1 interplay with oncogenic STAT function and proposed new drug targeting approaches of oncogenic STAT pathway addiction.
Social isolation, loneliness, and all‐cause mortality: A cohort study of 35,254 Chinese older adults
Authors: Yu Bin , Steptoe Andrew , Chen Yongjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies of social isolation, loneliness and associations with all‐cause mortality in older adults have been conducted in non‐Western countries. The aim of this study was to conduct such an analysis in a nationally representative sample of Chinese older adults.MethodsThis study used eight waves of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018 and focused on participants aged ≥60 years. A total of 21,570 people died (61.2%) over a median follow‐up of 4.8 years. Social isolation, loneliness, demographic, health and lifestyle factors were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations of isolation and loneliness with all‐cause mortality.ResultsThis study included 35,254 participants with mean age of 86.63 ± 11.39 years. Social isolation was significantly associated with an increased mortality (adjusted HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.18–1.25; p < 0.01). The association of loneliness with mortality was nonsignificant after adjustment for health indicators and low psychological well‐being (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98–1.04; p = 0.69). However, when stratified by age, there was a significant association of loneliness with mortality among participants aged <80 years (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05–1.26; p < 0.01).ConclusionsSocial isolation was associated with an increased all‐cause mortality among the older Chinese adults. However, loneliness was associated with an increased mortality only among younger participants. Public health interventions aimed at increasing social connectedness may potentially reduce excess mortality among older adults.
Nitrate transporter NRT1.1 and anion channel SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate‐dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity
Authors: Xiao Chengbin , Sun Doudou , Liu Beibei , Fang Xianming , Li Pengcheng , Jiang Yao , He Mingming , Li Jia , Luan Sheng , He Kai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmmonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) are major inorganic nitrogen (N) sources for plants. When serving as the sole or dominant N supply, NH4+ often causes root inhibition and shoot chlorosis in plants, known as ammonium toxicity. NO3− usually causes no toxicity and can mitigate ammonium toxicity even at low concentrations, referred to as nitrate‐dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity. Our previous studies indicated a NO3− efflux channel SLAH3 is involved in this process. However, whether additional components contribute to NO3−‐mediated NH4+ detoxification is unknown. Previously, mutations in NO3− transporter NRT1.1 were shown to cause enhanced resistance to high concentrations of NH4+. Whereas, in this study, we found when the high‐NH4+ medium was supplemented with low concentrations of NO3−, nrt1.1 mutant plants showed hyper‐sensitive phenotype instead. Furthermore, mutation in NRT1.1 caused enhanced medium acidification under high‐NH4+/low‐NO3− condition, suggesting NRT1.1 regulates ammonium toxicity by facilitating H+ uptake. Moreover, NRT1.1 was shown to interact with SLAH3 to form a transporter‐channel complex. Interestingly, SLAH3 appeared to affect NO3− influx while NRT1.1 influenced NO3− efflux, suggesting NRT1.1 and SLAH3 regulate each other at protein and/or gene expression levels. Our study thus revealed NRT1.1 and SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate‐dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity through regulating NO3− transport and balancing rhizosphere acidification.
Factors associated with fear of COVID‐19 among people living with HIV/AIDS in Suphanburi province, Thailand
Authors: Khumsaen Natawan , Peawnalaw Supannee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate fear of COVID‐19 and related factors among Thai people living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 204 participants using an online convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID‐19 questionnaire, and the Fear of COVID‐19 scale (FCV‐19S). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe sample consisted of 204 Thai PLHIV (47.1% female and 52.9% male). Knowledge level about COVID‐19 in 94.83% of the participants was acceptable, and 85.3% of them had confidence about successful control of COVID‐19 in Thailand; and 99.5% wore a mask when leaving home in recent days. Fear of COVID‐19 was at a mild level. COVID‐19 fear scores were significantly higher in those 60 years old and over, and those who had a family member or close friend who was sick due to COVID‐19. Knowledge and preventive practice were significantly related to FCV‐19S scores. Age, knowledge, and preventive practice regarding COVID‐19 were the influencing factors in fear of COVID‐19 (adjusted R2 = 0.281, F = 6.221, p < .05).ConclusionsCOVID‐19 pandemic has significantly influenced fear among PLHIV. Our findings might be useful for healthcare professions to develop effective campaigns to minimize the fear of COVID‐19 in potential future pandemics.