bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation uses under the GIS framework
Authors: Raheja Hemant , Goel Arun , Pal Mahesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study reported the results of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in Kurukshetra district, Haryana, India. Twelve parameters, namely pH, TDS, TH, sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl−), sulfate (SO42−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), nitrate (NO3−), and fluoride (F−) were evaluated and the Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated. Based on the WQI, 31.57% and 68.43% of samples fall in excellent and good drinking water quality. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR: 5.75–33.8), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR: 0.21–0.75), percent sodium (%Na: 31.34–72.84), residual sodium carbonate (RSC: 139–770), potential salinity (PS: 18.5–90), and Kelley Ratio (KR: 0.9–3.13) were calculated. The SAR, %Na, MHR, and KR indicated that most of the groundwater is suitable for irrigation. In addition, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method was also employed to determine the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in the form of maps using ArcGIS software. The Pearson correlation matrix has been calculated to analyze the relationship between the water quality parameters. Gibbs plots have shown that evaporation and rock weathering are primary processes responsible for affecting the hydrochemistry of groundwater. Piper plots suggested that maximum groundwater samples are (HCO3−–Na+), (Na+), and (HCO3−) types.
Parameter evaluation of a nonlinear Muskingum model using a constrained self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Mohaideen Abdul Kadhar Kattuva , Natarajan Narayanan , Vasudevan Mangottiri , Gurusamy Saravanakumar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The precise evaluation of the Muskingum model (MM) parameters is quite critical for routing flood waves for achieving flood control in open channels. The MM is one of the popular techniques adopted for flood routing. Estimation of the MM parameters so as to provide the best fit for the observed and computed flow values is a global optimization problem. Several optimization techniques have been adopted in the past to serve this purpose, but efficient optimization algorithms are needed to overcome the local optima issues and improvement of accuracy. In this paper, the efficiency of three optimization algorithms, namely Jaya, Covariance Matrix Adaption-Evolution Strategy (CMAES) and self-adaptive differential evolution (SaDE), has been assessed in the evaluation of the Muskingum parameters. The sum of the square deviation of the observed outflow and computed outflow (SSQ) is considered an objective in this MM optimization problem. Also, a constraint is proposed in this paper to help the optimization algorithms in finding the optimal global solutions. The simulation results show that the sum of the square deviation of the observed outflow and computed outflow (SSQ) was the least for SaDE, followed by CMAES.
HIGHLIGHTS Precise evaluation of Muskingum model (MM) parameters is quite critical for routing flood waves. Efficient optimization algorithms are needed to overcome local optima issues in the estimation of the Muskingum parameters. Jaya, Covariance Matrix Adaption-Evolution Strategy (CMAES) and self-adaptive differential evolution (SaDE) have been assessed. SaDE shows the best performance followed by CMAES.
Strong Binding of Phytochemicals to the Catalytic Domain of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
as a Trojan Horse Decreases Dopamine in Dopaminergic Cells: Pharmaceutical
Considerations in Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tavakol Shima , Hoveizi Elham , Tavakol Hani , Almasi Amin , Soleimani Mansoureh , Rabiee Motmaen Shadi , Azedi Fereshteh , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Imbalances in dopamine levels result in neurological and psychological disorders such
as elevated dopamine in Parkinson’s disease.

Objective:
Despite a considerable number of advertisements claiming Aloe-vera’s effectiveness in PD treatment,
it has hidden long-term disadvantages for healthy people and PD patients.

Methods:
In the present investigation, the impacts of Aloe-vera on dopaminergic cells were evaluated.

Results:
The results indicated that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) enhancement was in line with the Bax/Bcl2
ratio decrement, reactive oxygen specious (ROS) production, and nonsignificant alteration in the sub-G1phase
of the cell cycle. It led to glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) upregulation but did not significantly
change the BDNF level involved in depression and motor impairment recovery. These events apparently resulted
in the enhancement in dopaminergic cell viability and neurite length and attenuated PI+ cells. However, it
also induced neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) overexpression and nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) production. Notably, docking results of the catalytic domain in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) with
the Aloe-vera constituents showed strong binding of most Aloe-vera constituents with the catalytic domain of
TH, even stronger than L-tyrosine as an original substrate. Following the docking results, Aloe-vera downregulated
TH protein and attenuated dopamine.

Conclusion:
It can be hypothesized that Aloe-vera improves PD symptoms through enhancement in antiapoptotic
markers and neurotrophic factors, while it suppresses TH and dopamine in the form of a Trojan horse,
later resulting in the future deterioration of the disease symptoms. The results provide cues to pharmaceutical
companies to use the active components of Aloe-vera as putative agents in neurological and psychiatric disorders
and diseases to decrease dopamine in patients with enhanced dopamine levels.
Recent Developments and Anticancer Therapeutics of Paclitaxel: An Update
Authors: Thiruvengadam Muthu , Ahmed Khalil Anees , Rauf Abdur , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Aljohani Abdullah S.M. , Javed Muhammad Sameem , Khan Muhammad Arslan , Khan Imtiaz Ali , El-Esawi Mohamed A. , Bawazeer Sami , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Rebezov Maksim , Shariati Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:Plants are a source of diverse classes of secondary metabolites with anticancer properties. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an anticancer drug isolated from various Taxus species and is used as a chemotherapeutic agent against various cancers. The biosynthesis of paclitaxel is a complex pathway, making its total chemical synthesis commercially non-viable; hence, alternative novel sources - like plant cell culture and heterologous expression systems, are being investigated to overcome this issue. Advancements in the field of genetic engineering, microbial fermentation engineering, and recombinant techniques have significantly increased the achievable yields of paclitaxel. Indeed, paclitaxel selectively targets microtubules and causes cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, inducing a cytotoxic effect in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Innovative drug delivery formulations, like the development of albumin-bound nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, nano-suspensions, liposomes, and polymeric micelles, have been applied to enhance the delivery of paclitaxel to tumor cells. This review focuses on the production, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and anticancer effects of paclitaxel.
Doped Carbon Dots as Promising Fluorescent Nanosensors: Synthesis, Characterization,
and Recent Applications
Authors: Magdy Galal , Elmansi Heba , Belal Fathalla , El-Deen Asmaa Kamal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Carbon dots (CDs) have recently attracted attention as a new class of photoluminescent materials
with promising optical, chemical, and electrical properties. They have been proposed for various applications,
such as pharmaceutical sensing, biomarker detection, and cellular bioimaging, by virtue of their economical
synthesis, cheap starting materials, water-solubility, excellent chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and
low toxicity. Hetero-atom doping is a reliable and adaptable strategy for enhancing the photoluminescence,
electrical, and structural characteristics of CDs. Herein, we present an update on heteroatom-doped CDs.
Various modern synthetic routes are highlighted, ranging from synthetic processes to doping components. In
addition, the optical and biological properties and the possible applications of heteroatom-doped CDs are
discussed. This review will provide an overview of recent advances in doped CDs and their expected future
perspectives.
Hydrazonoyl Halides as Precursors for Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds via Reaction with Aryl- and Hetaryl-Amine
Authors: Farghaly Thoraya A. , Alsaedi Amani M.R. , Qurban Jihan , Nayl AbdElAziz A. , Zaki Yasser H. , Gomha Sobhi M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:A literature survey revealed that a great deal of interest had been focused on the synthesis of functionalized heterocyclic compounds due to their wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibiotic, antidepressant, antimalarial, antifungal and antihypertensive. Moreover, it is used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and veterinary products. They are also found in sensitizers, developers, antioxidants, as corrosion inhibitors, as copolymers, and dyes. On the other hand, hydrazonoyl halides are interesting synthons for valuable bioactive heterocyclic compounds. Reaction of hydrazonoyl halides with various types of aryl-amines and hetaryl-amines generated a huge number of different heterocyclic systems. In this review, we collected all reactions of hydrazonoyl halides with aryl- and hetaryl amines and classified them according to the type of the amines up to the end of 2021. Most reaction types have been successfully applied and used in the production of biologically active compounds.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Plasma Circulating
CircNUP98 for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Bin , Xu Bohuai , Yu Lujie , Pei Yingying , He Yong 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Our preliminary sequencing analysis revealed increased expression
levels of circNUP98 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was
therefore carried out to explore the role of circNUP98 in NPC.

Methods:
The present study enrolled 56 patients with NPC, 44 patients with cervical
lymphadenitis (CL), 50 patients with nose bleeding (NB), 50 patients with chronic sinusitis
(CS), 50 patients with lymph node tuberculosis (LNT), and 50 healthy controls
(Control). Plasma samples were obtained from all patients and the controls. In addition,
NPC and paired non-tumor tissue samples were collected from the 56 NPC patients.
The expression of circNUP98 in both tissue and plasma samples was determined
by RT-qPCR. The 56 NPC patients were followed up for 5 years to analyze the
associations between plasma expression of circNUP98 and the survival of patients.
The diagnostic value of circNUP98 for NPC was analyzed through ROC curve analysis.

Results:
The plasma expression levels of circNUP98 were only increased in NPC, but
not in CL, NB, CS and LNT groups compared to that in the Control group. In addition,
increased expression levels of circNUP98 were observed in NPC tissues compared to
that in non-tumor tissues. Plasma circNUP98 was closely correlated with circNUP98 in
NPC tissues, but not circNUP98 in non-tumor tissues. With plasma circNUP98 as a
biomarker, NPC patients were separated from CL, NB, CS, LNT, and the Control
groups. The Plasma expression of circNUP98 was found to be positively correlated
with the poor survival of patients. Moreover, plasma circNUP98 was only closely
associated with tumor metastasis, but not tumor size.

Conclusion:
The expression of circNUP98 in plasma may be used to diagnose NPC
and predict patients’ survival.
The Structure-property Relationships of GPCR-targeted Drugs
Approved between 2011 and 2021
Authors: Choi Kihang 
Published: November 2022

Background:
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of
membrane receptors and the most intensively studied drug targets. Given the physiological
importance of signal transduction by GPCRs and the recent progress in the structure
determination of membrane proteins, the development of GPCR antagonists and agonists
is expected to continue to be a major area of medicinal chemistry research.

Methods:
The structure-property relationship illustrates how the modification of the
chemical structure influences the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and
other related properties of drug compounds. Understanding the structure-property relationships
of clinically approved GPCR-targeted drugs and their analogues could provide
useful information on the lead-to-candidate optimization strategies.

Results:
Among more than 50 GPCR antagonists and agonists approved in the last decade,
the structure-property relationships of 17 drugs are compiled from medicinal chemistry
literature, in which detailed pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties are disclosed
not only for the final drug candidate but also for key analogues generated during
the lead optimization campaign.

Conclusion:
The structure-property relationships hereby summarized demonstrate how
in vitro and in vivo properties of the membrane protein-targeted ligands could be effectively
optimized, in many cases, without requiring a significant change in the molecular
size. This information is expected to provide valuable insights to expedite new GPCR-targeted
drug development.
MRI Study on the Relationship Between Nerve and Blood Vessel in Unilateral
Angiogenic Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Miao Xinglu , Yu Mingsheng , Wang Zengguang 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common cranial nerve disease.

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between the trigeminal nerve and the responsible blood vessel
in patients with unilateral vascular trigeminal neuralgia (VTN).

Methods:
Thirty patients with unilateral VTN were confirmed by microvascular decompression.

Results:
Among the 30 patients, the responsible blood vessels were present in 30 cases on the affected
side and 17 cases on the uninfected side (1). The location of the intersection of the trigeminal nerve
and the responsible blood vessel: the affected side is located 2/5 behind the trigeminal nerve cisternal
segment; the healthy side is located 3/5 anterior to the cisternal segment (2). Symptomatic vessels were
located within the cistern between the origin and 2/5ths of the cistern length, and non-symptomatic
vessels were located beyond the 2/5ths location (3). Direction of intersection: on the affected side, the
responsible vessel was located inside and above the trigeminal nerve in 27 cases, (27/30, 90%), and
outside and below the trigeminal nerve in 3 cases (3/30, 10%). On the unaffected side, the responsible
vessel was located inside and above the nerve in 16 cases (16/17, 94%) and outside and below the
nerve in 1 case (1/17, 5.8%) (4). Intersection form: 3 cases (3/30, 10%) on the affected side, the responsible
blood vessel contacted the trigeminal nerve, in 26 cases (26/30, 86%) the responsible blood
vessel compressed the trigeminal nerve, and in 1 case (1/30, 5%) the responsible blood vessel caused
the trigeminal nerve to be twisted; 8 cases (8/17, 47%) of the contralateral side contacted the trigeminal
nerve with the responsible blood vessel, and in 9 cases (9/17, 53%) the responsible blood vessel compressed
the trigeminal nerve.

Conclusion:
Patients with unilateral VTN have differences in the location and form of the intersection
of the trigeminal nerve and the responsible vessel on the affected side and the contralateral side.
Ribosome-inactivating Protein MAP30 Isolated from Momordica Charantia
L. Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhou Yiping , Yang Di , Qiang Zihao , Meng Yanfa , Li Ruigang , Fan Xiang , Zhao Wei , Meng Yao 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) have been reported to exert antitumor
and anti-virus activities. A recent patent CN202011568116.7 has developed a new method
to prepare Momordica anti-HIV protein of 30 kDa (MAP30). MAP30 is a type I RIP, which kills
various tumor cells through the N-glycosidase activity and irreversibly inhibits protein synthesis.

Objective:
To assess the potential role of MAP30 in inducing apoptosis of human hepatocellular
carcinoma HCC-LM3 cells and elucidate the molecular mechanism of MAP30.

Methods:
CCK-8 assay was used to assess the proliferation of HCC-LM3 cells. Flow cytometry
was used to measure the cycle, the level of ROS and apoptosis in HCC-LM3 cells. Western blots
was used to measure protein levels.

Result:
Treatment with MAP30 reduced survival and proliferation of human liver cancer HCCLM3
cells in a dose-dependent manner. PI staining showed cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore,
MAP30 increased the level of ROS in HCC-LM3 cells in 24 h treatment. To further
confirm the role of MAP30 in inducing cell apoptosis, immunoblotting was carried out to detect
the change of apoptosis-related proteins including PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-
1), Casepase3 and Cleaved-Caspase9. We found that PARP-1 and Caspase-3 were downregulated,
whereas Cleaved-Caspase9 was up-regulated in HCC-LM3 cells treated with MAP30.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that MAP30 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for
human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Ganoderic Acid A Enhances Tumor Suppression Function of Oxaliplatin via Inducing
the Cytotoxicity of T Cells
Authors: Liu Chengkui , Song Zhichao , Wang Chunhui , Ding Fei , Zou Hao 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Various natural products have been demonstrated for their anti-tumor activities. As a natural
triterpenoid, the effects of ganoderic acid A on oxaliplatin chemotherapy for cancer treatment remain unclear.

Methods:
A xenograft mouse model of colon cancer was constructed using the HT-29 cells. Ganoderic acid A was
intravenously administered with or without oxaliplatin. The CCK-8 method was performed to assess cell viability.
Flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis and subtyping of T cells. Cytotoxicity of the T cells was assayed
using a lymphocyte-tumor co-culture system in vitro.

Results:
Ganoderic acid A enhanced tumor suppression of oxaliplatin in the xenograft model, while single administration
showed no obvious anti-tumor effect. Ganoderic acid A didn’t affect cell proliferation and apoptosis of HT-29
cells treated by oxaliplatin in vitro. Additionally, ganoderic acid A co-administered with oxaliplatin didn’t impact T
cell subtyping in the xenograft model. Cytotoxicity of T cells in co-administered mice was remarkably enhanced compared
with oxaliplatin-treated mice.

Conclusion:
Our findings reveal that ganoderic acid A synergistically enhances tumor suppression of oxaliplatin possibly
via increasing the cytotoxicity of T cells.
Bridging the gap between evidence-based practice and probiotic utilization among US adults: Results from a national survey
Authors: Ozdener-Poyraz Ayse Elif , Rivkin Anastasia , Iwuchukwu Otito Frances , Cassino Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
Recently published guidelines recommend probiotics for only a few indications. However, probiotics are widely utilized by consumers due to accessibility, perceived safety, and belief that they promote gut health. The objective of this survey study was to examine probiotic use, evaluate public knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of probiotics, and identify variables that predict the use of probiotics among US adults.

Materials and Methods:
The survey was conducted among a random sample of 1000 adults living in the US, from January 28 through February 13, 2019. Analysis was conducted with Chi-square tests and Pearson correlation with 95% confidence intervals and a significance level of 5% for all tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associations between survey respondents’ characteristics and use of probiotics.

Results:
Thirty-one percent of respondents stated they currently take or have taken probiotics daily, while 29% are considering future use. Sixty-four percent of daily probiotic users were taking probiotics without a medical provider’s recommendation. Six percent sought counseling from a pharmacist for over-the-counter products, including probiotics. A multivariate logistic regression showed that women, whites, 4-year college graduates, and younger respondents were more likely to report probiotic use. An additional logistic regression showed a significant conditional relationship between chronic illness, education, and white race (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Guideline-recommended indications for probiotic use are limited. This study showed some respondents may be using probiotics unnecessarily. Pharmacists can educate the public about probiotic benefits and prevent unnecessary use of these products.
The functional anatomy of the foramina of Luschka revisited
Authors: Hoz Samer S. , Abdulsada Alkawthar M. , Ismail Mustafa , Alfawares Yara , Forbes Jonathan A. , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Andaluz Norberto 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The German Anatomist Hubert Von Luschka first described the foramina of Luschka (FOL) in 1855 as lateral holes in the fourth ventricle. By his discovery, he refuted previous beliefs about the lateral recess as blind ends of the fourth ventricle, proving the continuity of the ventricular system with the central canal of the spinal cord. In this paper, we question the outline variations of the patent parts of FOL and their consistency, drawing attention to the apparent query of the valvular mechanism of FOL.

Methods:
We conducted a literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review the existing literature describing the history, pertinent anatomy, and function of FOL. In addition, we reviewed the original German book written by Luschka.

Results:
While reading the available articles and original works regarding FOL, we noticed the developmental phases through which FOL was discovered, tracking the process from Aristotle till Luschka’s discovery. We also discussed controversies and opinions about FOL’s existence and function.

Conclusion:
FOL is halved into two compartments: choroidal and patent. The function of FOL resembles a oneway valve mechanism, and it depends on the patent slit-like part. Luschka had discovered over 20 anatomical structures, including several foramina, confusion in a debate may result from eponyms.
Respon Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Kenanga (Cananga odorata) terhadap Pemberian Media Tanam dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh
Authors: Mansur Irdika , Nugraha Taufan 
Published: November 2022

Essential oil which is contained on most trees is one of the promising Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that need to be explored and developed further, for the oil is relatively safe and stores major benefits for local people. There are around 9 -12 types of essential oil that is being developed and one of them is cananga oil, which is available through distillation process of the flowers. The research aims to investigate the ability of cananga to be propagated trough shoot cuttings method, to discover the effects of growing media and plant growth regulators toward the shoot cuttings’ growth and to determine the suitable growth media and plant growth regulators for the cuttings’ development. The collected data were survival rate in percentage, root growth in percentage, height growth, numbers of developed leaf, numbers of developed primary and secondary roots, and also the length of primary roots. The addition of plant growth regulators gave a significant effect toward survival rate (in percentage), height growth and the numbers of developed leaf of the species whereas the addition of growing media and the interaction between the treatments did not give significant effect on the observed traits. All type of media options could be used for cananga shoot cuttings method and the best growth regulator identified in live percentage parameters, high growth and number of leaves on cananga shoot cutting is Rotoone-F. However, in case of rooting, the best growth regulator is found in addition of Rapid root.
Keywords: Cuttings, Cananga, Media, Plant Gowth Regulator