bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rediscovery of the gonyaulacoid dinoflagellate Schuettiella
Authors: Gómez Fernando , Gast Rebecca J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Gonyaulacales includes some of the most intensely investigated genera of harmful dinoflagellates. The knowledge of the evolutionary relationships is necessary, but incomplete because genera such as Schuettiella have not been studied by contemporary methods. The morphology and molecular phylogeny of type species of the genus Schuettiella, S. mitra, have been investigated from Brazil. The first scanning electron micrographs reveal a distinctive thecal ornamentation with sunken stripes and rows with exclamation mark‐shaped pores in the postcingular plates. The Kofoidean plate formula Po, 2′, 1a, 6″ is re‐interpreted as Po, 3′, 1a, 5″, after considering the narrow mid‐ventral plate as homologous to the first apical plate, although it does not reach the apex. In the rRNA gene phylogenies, the sequences of S. mitra clustered as an independent lineage closely related to the globular and planktonic Protoceratiaceae (Ceratocorys, Pentaplacodinium, Protoceratium) and the laterally compressed benthic genus Carinadinium (formerly Thecadinium). Schuettiella and Carinadinium are considered members of the Protoceratiaceae. The possession of a single anterior intercalary plate is an apomorphic trait of this family. This reinforces the value of the number of intercalary plates as a diagnostic character for the classification of the gonyaulacalean families despite the differences in the general appearance.
Clinical analysis of alcoholic pellagra: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Chen Xi , Yang Chunsheng , Du Chichi , Jiang Guan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPellagra caused by niacin deficiency in alcoholics can be easily misdiagnosed because of similar symptoms to other alcohol‐related diseases and the lack of the classical triad of signs.AimThis study aimed to define the clinical presentation of alcoholic pellagra for early diagnosis and timely treatment.MethodsThe clinical data of 16 alcohol‐dependent patients who had pellagra and treated in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The local medical ethics committee approval (Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, XYFY2020‐KL247‐02) for this study has been obtained.ResultsThe main complaints of the 16 patients were skin lesions (six cases), diarrhea (six cases), and mental disorders (four cases). Then, 13 cases had typical skin lesions, and 3 patients had a full spectrum of diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis (3D). In terms of the main diagnosis, 2 patients had pellagra and Wernicke's encephalopathy, 3 patients had pellagra and alcohol‐withdrawal syndrome, and the other patients had pellagra. After sufficient amounts of niacin and multivitamin B were given, clinical symptoms improved rapidly, and no sequelae were observed during follow‐up.ConclusionsPellagra is rarely manifested as a full 3D spectrum, with only one or two characteristics, which lack diagnostic specificity, especially in individuals with alcoholism. Physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion of niacin deficiency in alcoholics. Alcohol‐dependent patients with pellagra may be accompanied by complications of Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcohol‐withdrawal syndrome. Prompt identification and timely treatment with a sufficient amount of niacin in combination with other vitamins and a certain amount of Zn can achieve a good prognosis of pellagra.
Analysis of fibroblast pen usage amongst TikTok social media users
Authors: Hernandez Loren E. , Frech Fabio , Mohsin Noreen , Dreyfuss Isabella , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial media networks serve as convenient platforms for the dissemination of information, including that which pertains to healthcare. However, social media networks may also disseminate incorrect information, and may even propagate potentially harmful skincare trends. Since its inception in 2016, TikTok, a social media platform wherein users can create and share videos, has served as a tool for the propagation of multiple, potentially dangerous cosmetic trends, most recently the usage of fibroblast pens. Fibroblast pens, also known as plasma pens, are toted to produce a variety of skincare benefits. However, many of the pens being sold commercially, and subsequently used on TikTok, are not FDA‐regulated. Potential adverse effects include the development of dyspigmentation, scarring, and mechanical burns of the skin. This study assessed social media content to improve our understanding of fibroblast pen usage amongst TikTok creators. An initial search of public TikTok posts tagged with “#PlasmaPen,” “#PlasmaPenTreatment,” “#FibroblastPlasma,” or “#FibroblastPlasmaPen” identified 200 posts, of which 78 were eliminated after accounting for overlapping posts between hashtags, posts that were later deleted by the user, and those in languages other than English. We analyzed posts according to creator type and classified them into four main themes. The 78 videos were later re‐viewed to provide more detailed subdivisions within the four main themes. Analysis showed that 36% of the posts were created by lay‐person TikTok users, followed by 25% of posts being created by self‐proclaimed fibroblast skin tightening specialists. Major themes include advertisement of the fibroblast pen (61%), experience with the fibroblast pen (26%), education on the fibroblast pen's uses and benefits (6.5%), and warnings related to usage of the pen (6.5%). TikTok users are more likely to encounter a post regarding fibroblast pen usage from uncredentialled, non‐medical professional accounts. Only 6.5% of posts were created with the intention of serving as a warning to users, with most of these posts being created by medical doctors. Dermatologists should be aware of the misinformation regarding fibroblast pens and consider posting on social media to raise awareness about this potentially dangerous skincare trend.
The utility of telemedicine in orofacial pain: Guidelines for examination and a retrospective review at a hospital‐based practice
Authors: Bavarian Roxanne , Pharr Cameron A. , Handa Shruti , Shaefer Jeffry , Keith David A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, telemedicine has become rapidly implemented into both medical and dental practices. While guidelines for examination through telemedicine have been described in similar fields of oral medicine and neurology, the framework for a comprehensive telemedicine examination for a patient with symptoms of orofacial pain has not yet been described.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to introduce the format of a telemedicine examination for a new patient with orofacial pain as well as describe the success and utility of a telemedicine consultation in a hospital‐based orofacial pain practice.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all new telemedicine consults from April 2, 2020, to March 29, 2021. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics as well as details of the initial telemedicine consult and in‐office follow up.ResultsTwo hundred seventy new patients were seen. The most common diagnoses were myofascial pain of the masticatory muscles (37%), an articular disc disorder of the TMJ (21%), and TMJ arthralgia (16%), followed by obstructive sleep apnea (9%) and neuropathic orofacial pain (6%). 146 patients returned to the clinic for an in‐office follow up, 78.8% of which had an accurate telemedicine diagnosis. Difficulty discerning between masticatory myofascial pain and TMJ arthralgia was the most common reason for inaccuracy during the telemedicine diagnosis.ConclusionsTelemedicine consultation for patients with orofacial pain can help facilitate an accurate diagnosis and expedite treatment for patients who face challenges presenting for an in‐office consultation.
The influence of packaging materials on the physiochemical properties, antioxidant properties, microbial community, and sensory characteristics of doenjang
Authors: Shin Yejin , Suh Soo Hwan , Kim Mina K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the physiochemical and antioxidant characteristics, microbial community, and sensory characteristics of doenjang packaged in different storage containers. Two types of doenjang with different packaging materials (plastic (T1) and glass (T2) bottles) were selected. The physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities were determined. Metagenomic analysis based on 16 s rRNA gene sequencing was documented. The sensory characteristics were analyzed by sensory descriptive analysis using a highly trained panel (n = 6). There was no significant difference in physicochemical properties except for viscosity. Total phenolic compounds in T2 were significantly higher than those stored in T1 (p < .05). The microbial community had a higher number of species observed at T1, and T2 had a higher Bacillus ratio and a less diverse microbial community. For sensory aroma, T2 had higher intensities of pineapple, dried plums, soil, cheese, and butter, while T1 had strong fish sauce, chocolate, and pear characteristics.Practical applicationsThe findings from this study reveal that the microbial community and sensory characteristics of doenjang may vary depending on the packaging material, suggesting the importance of the packaging material in the quality of the doenjang.
Effects of wet brewers grains on fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal digestibility of mixed silage prepared with corn stalk, sweet potato peel and dried apple pomace in southeast China
Authors: Dai Tongtong , Dong Dong , Wang Jian , Yin Xuejing , Zong Cheng , Jia Yushan , Shao Tao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of wet brewers grains (WBG) on fermentation quality, chemical composition and in vitro ruminal digestibility of mixed silages prepared with corn stalk, dried apple pomace and sweet potato peel were evaluated. A mixture of corn stalk, sweet potato peel and dried apple pomace (50/30/20) was ensiled with 0, 10%, 20% and 30% WBG on a fresh weight (FW) basis for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 30 days respectively. The results showed that the application of WBG increased (p < 0.05) lactic acid, acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids contents, and decreased (p < 0.05) pH, dry matter, water‐soluble carbohydrates content and ammonia‐nitrogen/total nitrogen during ensiling. The pH in all silages was below 4.03 during ensiling. Treating with WBG increased (p < 0.05) crude protein content, and decreased (p < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose content after 30 days of ensiling. After 72 h of incubation, cumulative gas production, potential gas production and in vitro crude protein digestibility increased (p < 0.05) with the increasing proportions of WBG. However, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre, and metabolisable energy were similar in all silages. The 20% and 30% WBG‐treated silages showed better fermentation quality and greater or higher in vitro digestibility, which were indicated by greater or higher (p < 0.05) lactic acid content, in vitro crude protein digestibility, and lower (p < 0.05) pH, ammonia‐nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio as compared with the control. Therefore, ensiling agro‐food by‐products with at least 20% WBG were recommended for improving fermentation quality.
Study on manipulation of ruminal fermentation using a bioelectrochemical system
Authors: Aguilar‐González Mariana , Buitrón Germán , Shimada Armando , Ayala‐Sumuano Jorge , González‐Dávalos Laura , Varela‐Echavarría Alfredo , Mora Ofelia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to develop a two‐chamber bioelectrochemical cell to modify the metabolic activity of rumen microorganisms by applying an electric potential to the ruminal liquid. Carbohydrate fermentation changes were evaluated along with a molecular characterization by DNA sequencing of the ruminal microbial community. We observed that an electrochemical stimulation potential of 0.75 V enhanced basal acetate, propionate, and butyrate production by 71%, 86%, and 63%, respectively, with no detectable effects on grass substrate disappearance. The applied electric potential also led to changes in the volatile fatty acids production but not on the core microbiome.
Development of a novel one-step triplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus and classical swine fever virus in a single tube
Authors: Rajkhowa S. , Choudhury M. , Pegu S.R. , Sarma D.K. , Gupta V.K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Co-infection of multiple pathogens complicates diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures based on clinical signs. Therefore, reliable diagnostic tool for timely reporting of suspected diseases is very much essential. A novel one-step triplex PCR assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of three important viruses namely porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) involved in reproductive problems in pigs. Each of the three pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted fragment of the specific viruses. The multiplex PCR assay was found to be sensitive in detecting at least 300 pg of viral genomic DNA or RNA from a mixture of three viruses in a reaction. No amplification was obtained from other common viruses or pathogens, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), porcine group A rotavirus (PoRVA), Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus thereby indicating that the developed multiplex PCR has high specificity. Because of the sensitivity and specificity, the developed multiplex PCR assay will be a useful tool for clinical diagnosis of mixed infections of DNA and RNA viruses in pigs.
Hemodialysis and brain diseases in older individuals
Authors: Iimura Ayako , Sakakibara Ryuji , Sawai Setsu , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Terayama Keiichiro , Mizuno Hirohito , Katsuragawa Shuichi , Nagao Takaaki , Nemoto Masaaki , Suzuki Keiko , Izawa Kaori , Haruki Shin‐ichi , Okada Nobuyuki , Ohashi Yasushi , Yamazaki Keisuke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that age‐related brain symptoms (namely gait difficulty and/or dementia/delirium) occur in older individuals under hemodialysis (HD). However, it is not known which types of brain disease underlie such symptoms most.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to correlate brain symptoms with brain diseases in patients undergoing HD.MethodsThis was a retrospective study at a multi‐faculty university hospital in Japan over a 12‐month period. All subjects were hospital inpatients undergoing HD (either started during hospitalization or maintenance therapy), with a diagnosis of brain symptoms resulting in referral to the neurogeriatric team (dementia/delirium support team, DST).Results(1) More than half our HD patients (n = 133) were ≥ 65 years (mean age, 67 years) and male. (2) 37.6% of them showed brain symptoms and were DST‐referred, among whom 62.4% were > 65 years) (P < 0.05). (3) Of the referred patients, 16% had episodes of fall‐related surgery and 30% had aspiration pneumonia (all older). (4) 23.3% of referred patients needed restraint for the safety of HD (mostly older). (5) Most of the neurological disorders were age‐related brain diseases, for example, most commonly a combination of white matter disease (WMD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (85%, overlap counted), followed by alcoholism and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).ConclusionIn HD patients, age‐related brain symptoms (needed restraint for HD, or with recent fall and/or aspiration) increased with age. The most common underlying brain disease seemed to be a combination of WMD and AD.
Holm oak decline is determined by shifts in fine root phenotypic plasticity in response to belowground stress
Authors: Encinas‐Valero Manuel , Esteban Raquel , Hereş Ana‐Maria , Vivas María , Fakhet Dorra , Aranjuelo Iker , Solla Alejandro , Moreno Gerardo , Curiel Yuste Jorge 
Published: May 2022

SummaryClimate change and pathogen outbreaks are the two major causes of decline in Mediterranean holm oak trees (Quercus ilexL. subsp.ballota(Desf.) Samp.). Crown‐level changes in response to these stressful conditions have been widely documented but the responses of the root systems remain unexplored. The effects of environmental stress over roots and its potential role during the declining process need to be evaluated.We aimed to study how key morphological and architectural root parameters and nonstructural carbohydrates of roots are affected along a holm oak health gradient (i.e. within healthy, susceptible and declining trees).Holm oaks with different health statuses had different soil resource‐uptake strategies. While healthy and susceptible trees showed a conservative resource‐uptake strategy independently of soil nutrient availability, declining trees optimized soil resource acquisition by increasing the phenotypic plasticity of their fine root system.This increase in fine root phenotypic plasticity in declining holm oaks represents an energy‐consuming strategy promoted to cope with the stress and at the expense of foliage maintenance. Our study describes a potential feedback loop resulting from strong unprecedented belowground stress that ultimately may lead to poor adaptation and tree death in the Spanish dehesa.
Virulence strategies of an insect herbivore and oomycete plant pathogen converge on host E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1
Authors: Liu Shan , Lenoir Camille J. G. , Amaro Tiago M. M. M. , Rodriguez Patricia A. , Huitema Edgar , Bos Jorunn I. B. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Pathogens and pests secrete proteins (effectors) to interfere with plant immunity through modification of host target functions and disruption of immune signalling networks. The extent of convergence between pathogen and herbivorous insect virulence strategies is largely unexplored.

We found that effectors from the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora capsici, and the major aphid pest, Myzus persicae target the host immune regulator SIZ1, an E3 SUMO ligase. We used transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana as well as Arabidopsis mutants to further characterize biological role of effector–SIZ1 interactions in planta. We show that the oomycete and aphid effector, which both contribute to virulence, feature different activities towards SIZ1. While M. persicae effector Mp64 increases SIZ1 protein levels in transient assays, P. capsici effector CRN83_152 enhances SIZ1‐E3 SUMO ligase activity in vivo.

SIZ1 contributes to host susceptibility to aphids and an oomycete pathogen. Knockout of SIZ1 in Arabidopsis decreased susceptibility to aphids, independent of SNC1, PAD4 and EDS1. Similarly SIZ1 knockdown in N. benthamiana led to reduced P. capsici infection.

Our results suggest convergence of distinct pathogen and pest virulence strategies on an E3 SUMO ligase to enhance host susceptibility.
Association between alveolar bone height changes in mandibular incisors and three‐dimensional tooth movement in non‐extraction orthodontic treatment with Invisalign
Authors: Zhang Yishan , Cai Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate associations between alveolar bone height changes on the labial and lingual sides in mandibular incisors and three‐dimensional orthodontic tooth movement, involving apex displacement, tooth inclination, and angulation.Materials and MethodsThe samples consisted of 43 adult patients treated with Invisalign aligners. All subjects were skeletal Class I patients without extraction in mandible. Pre‐treatment and post‐treatment cone‐beam computed tomographic images were obtained to measure labial and lingual alveolar bone height and bone thickness at apex level in four mandibular incisors. An x, y, z coordinate system, superimposing on mandibular body, was established to analyse three‐dimensional apex movement and tooth inclination and angulation changes. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify the determining factors of marginal bone changes during orthodontic treatment.ResultsThree directions of apex movement (anteroposterior, vertical, transverse) significantly associated with alveolar bone height changes. Inclination changes had a strong effect on lingual marginal bone, while tooth angulation had no significant effect on alveolar bone height. Incisors with lingual bodily movement were more susceptible to lingual marginal bone recession compared with lingual tipping movement.ConclusionsAlveolar bone height changes on the labial and lingual sides were associated with three‐dimensional apex movement, inclination changes, and movement patterns. Appropriate tooth movement should be considered to avoid excessive marginal bone loss around mandibular incisors.
Effect of interocular differences on binocular visual performance after inducing forward scattering
Authors: Martino Francesco , Castro‐Torres José J. , Casares‐López Miriam , Ortiz‐Peregrina Sonia , Ortiz Carolina , Jiménez José R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess binocular visual performance by means of binocular summation on visual function after inducing monocular forward scattering, and to study the influence of interocular differences on ocular parameters.MethodsSeven young healthy subjects were recruited. Four Bangerter foils and five fog filters were used to induce monocular forward scattering. To analyse the impact of the scatter, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual discrimination capacity and distance stereoacuity were measured binocularly with the filter placed over the dominant eye. Additionally, interocular differences were calculated for four ocular parameters: the Objective Scatter Index (OSI), Strehl ratio (SR), modulation transfer function cut‐off (MTF cut off) and straylight (log[s]). Binocular summation was determined for these visual functions.ResultsA statistically significant deterioration in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity was seen for all of the filter conditions with respect to the natural state (baseline), with the largest change being recorded for the Bangerter foils. Similarly, the interocular difference for the three retinal image quality parameters (OSI, SR and MTF cut‐off) and log(s) increased significantly for the Bangerter foil condition, but not for the fog filters (except log(s)). Binocular summation declined gradually with the Bangerter foils, but not for the fog filters. Statistically significant correlations were found, that is, the greater the interocular differences, the lower the binocular summation of the visual functions and the greater the distance stereoacuity.ConclusionIncreased forward scattering in the dominant eye resulted in interocular differences, which reduced the overall binocular visual performance, including the binocular summation of several visual functions and distance stereoacuity. The results suggest that marked interocular differences in ocular parameters should be avoided in cases of ocular pathology, amblyopia and emmetropisation procedures (such as refractive surgery) or a monovision correction for presbyopia.