bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously Enhancing Exciton/Charge Transport in Organic Solar Cells by an Organoboron Additive
Authors: Lu Heng , Chen Kai , Bobba Raja Sekhar , Shi Jiangjian , Li Mengyang , Wang Yilin , Xue Jingwei , Xue Peiyao , Zheng Xiaojian , Thorn Karen E. , Wagner Isabella , Lin Chao‐Yang , Song Yin , Ma Wei , Tang Zheng , Meng Qingbo , Qiao Quinn , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficient exciton diffusion and charge transport play a vital role in advancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a facile strategy is presented to simultaneously enhance exciton/charge transport of the widely studied PM6:Y6‐based OSCs by employing highly emissive trans‐bis(dimesitylboron)stilbene (BBS) as a solid additive. BBS transforms the emissive sites from a more H‐type aggregate into a more J‐type aggregate, which benefits the resonance energy transfer for PM6 exciton diffusion and energy transfer from PM6 to Y6. Transient gated photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements indicate that addition of BBS improves the exciton diffusion coefficient of PM6 and the dissociation of PM6 excitons in the PM6:Y6:BBS film. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements confirm faster charge generation in PM6:Y6:BBS. Moreover, BBS helps improve Y6 crystallization, and current‐sensing atomic force microscopy characterization reveals an improved charge‐carrier diffusion length in PM6:Y6:BBS. Owing to the enhanced exciton diffusion, exciton dissociation, charge generation, and charge transport, as well as reduced charge recombination and energy loss, a higher PCE of 17.6% with simultaneously improved open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and fill factor is achieved for the PM6:Y6:BBS devices compared to the devices without BBS (16.2%).
From Ferroelectric Material Optimization to Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Mikolajick Thomas , Park Min Hyuk , Begon‐Lours Laura , Slesazeck Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the voltage driven switching at low voltages combined with nonvolatility of the achieved polarization state, ferroelectric materials have a unique potential for low power nonvolatile electronic devices. The competitivity of such devices is hindered by compatibility issues of well‐known ferroelectrics with established semiconductor technology. The discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide changed this situation. The natural application of nonvolatile devices is as a memory cell. Nonvolatile memory devices also built the basis for other applications like in‐memory or neuromorphic computing. Three different basic ferroelectric devices can be constructed: ferroelectric capacitors, ferroelectric field effect transistors and ferroelectric tunneling junctions. In this article first the material science of the ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide will be summarized with a special focus on tailoring the switching characteristics towards different applications.The current status of nonvolatile ferroelectric memories then lays the ground for looking into applications like in‐memory computing. Finally, a special focus will be given to showcase how the basic building blocks of spiking neural networks, the neuron and the synapse, can be realized and how they can be combined to realize neuromorphic computing systems. A summary, comparison with other technologies like resistive switching devices and an outlook completes the paper.
All‐Polymer Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Balanced Ionic and Electronic Transport
Authors: Wu Xihu , Tam Teck Lip Dexter , Chen Shuai , Salim Teddy , Zhao Xiaoming , Zhou Zhongliang , Lin Ming , Xu Jianwei , Loo Yueh‐Lin , Leong Wei Lin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of organic electrochemical transistor (OECTs)‐based circuits brings new opportunities for next‐generation integrated bioelectronics. The all‐polymer bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) offers an attractive, inexpensive alternative to achieve efficient ambipolar OECTs, and building blocks of logic circuits constructed from them, but have not been investigated to date. Here, the first all‐polymer BHJ‐based OECTs are reported, consisting of a blend of new p‐type ladder conjugated polymer and a state‐of‐the‐art n‐type ladder polymer. The whole ladder‐type polymer BHJ also proves that side chains are not necessary for good ion transport. Instead, the polymer nanostructures play a critical role in the ion penetration and transportation and thus in the device performance. It also provides a facile strategy and simplifies the fabrication process, forgoing the need to pattern multiple active layers. In addition, the development of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐like OECTs allows the pursuit of advanced functional logic circuitry, including inverters and NAND gates, as well as for amplifying electrophysiology signals. This work opens a new approach to the design of new materials for OECTs and will contribute to the development of organic heterojunctions for ambipolar OECTs toward high‐performing logic circuits.
Narrowband Monolithic Perovskite–Perovskite Tandem Photodetectors
Authors: Martínez‐Goyeneche Lucía , Gil‐Escrig Lidón , Susic Isidora , Tordera Daniel , Bolink Henk J. , Sessolo Michele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNarrowband photodetectors (PDs) are sought after for many applications requiring selective spectral response. The most common systems combine optical bandpass filters with broadband photodiodes. This work reports a method to obtain a narrowband response in a perovskite PD by the monolithic integration of a perovskite photoconductor and a perovskite photodiode. The spectral response of the tandem PD is determined by the bandgap energy difference of the two perovskites, and exhibits a full width at half maximum below 85 nm, an external quantum efficiency up to 68% and a high specific detectivity of ≈1012 Jones in reverse bias, enabling the device to detect weak light signals. The absorption profile of the narrowband PD can be tuned by changing the thickness and bandgap of the wide bandgap perovskite absorber.
High‐Performance Blue Electroluminescence Devices Based on Linear Gold(I) Complexes as Ultrafast Triplet Exciton Harvesters
Authors: Heo Seunga , Jung Yongsik , Kim Joonghyuk , Kim Inkoo , Bae Hye Jin , Son Won‐Joon , Choi Hyeonho , You Youngmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAchieving large external quantum efficiencies, narrow bandwidths, and a long operational lifetime at high brightness remains the largest hurdle to developing organic blue‐emitting devices. Here, a material strategy is demonstrated that can meet these conditions. The strategy is based on linear heteroleptic Au(I) complex exciton harvesters and multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters. The organic electroluminescence devices produce blue emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.108, 0.160), a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum value of 20 nm, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 30.2%. Notably, the EQE value remains 22.2% at 2000 cd m−2, whereas conventional control devices with an organic exciton harvester suffer from huge roll‐offs in quantum efficiency. An additional benefit of the device is a one‐order‐of‐magnitude improvement in its operational lifetime compared with that of the control device. Finally, the investigations reveal that the improvements are attributable to the unique ability of the Au(I) complexes for ultrafast triplet exciton harvest. In addition, the Au(I) complexes can facilitate Förster energy transfer to the MR‐TADF emitter, with effective suppression of hazardous triplet–triplet Dexter energy transfer. It is believed that the research is helpful in commercializing high‐efficiency and stable blue electroluminescence devices.
Machine Learning‐Based Lifetime Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Cells
Authors: Schofer Kai , Laufer Florian , Stadler Jochen , Hahn Severin , Gaiselmann Gerd , Latz Arnulf , Birke Kai P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrecise lifetime predictions for lithium‐ion cells are crucial for efficient battery development and thus enable profitable electric vehicles and a sustainable transformation towards zero‐emission mobility. However, limitations remain due to the complex degradation of lithium‐ion cells, strongly influenced by cell design as well as operating and storage conditions. To overcome them, a machine learning framework is developed based on symbolic regression via genetic programming. This evolutionary algorithm is capable of inferring physically interpretable models from cell aging data without requiring domain knowledge. This novel approach is compared against established approaches in case studies, which represent common tasks of lifetime prediction based on cycle and calendar aging data of 104 automotive lithium‐ion pouch‐cells. On average, predictive accuracy for extrapolations over storage time and energy throughput is increased by 38% and 13%, respectively. For predictions over other stress factors, error reductions of up to 77% are achieved. Furthermore, the evolutionary generated aging models meet requirements regarding applicability, generalizability, and interpretability. This highlights the potential of evolutionary algorithms to enhance cell aging predictions as well as insights.
Direct Tracking of Additive‐Regulated Evolution on the Lithium Anode in Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Gui‐Xian , Wan Jing , Shi Yang , Guo Hui‐Juan , Song Yue‐Xian , Jiang Ke‐Cheng , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wen Rui , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe complicated problems confronted by lithium (Li) anode hinder the practical application of quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur (QSSLS) batteries. However, the interfacial processes and reaction mechanisms, which are still vague, pose challenges to disclose. Herein, the insoluble sulfides stacking and Li dendrites growth on the Li anode are real‐time monitored via in‐situ atomic force microscopy inside the working QSSLS batteries. In the LiNO3‐added electrolyte, it is detected that the formation process of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) involves two stages, forming loose nanoparticles (NPs, ≈102 nm) at the open circuit potential and dense NPs (≈74 nm) during discharging owing to the synergism of Li polysulfides (LiPSs) and LiNO3. The compact SEI film not only blocks the erosion of LiPSs but also homogenizes the Li deposition behaviors, leading to the electrochemical performance enhancement of QSSLS batteries. These straightforward insights uncover the additive‐manipulated morphological/chemical evolution and interfacial properties and thus facilitate the improvement of QSSLS batteries.
Interface and Defect Engineered Titanium‐Base Oxide Heterostructures Synchronizing High‐Rate and Ultrastable Sodium Storage
Authors: Meng Weijia , Dang Zhenzhen , Li Diansen , Jiang Lei , Fang Daining 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are a promising large‐scale electrochemical energy storage system because of their excellent cost advantage compared with lithium‐ion batteries. However, the lack of high safety, low cost, and long service life anode materials hinder its actual development. Here, a sodium titanate/titanium dioxide/C (C‐NTC) heterostructure composite is reported with oxygen vacancies (OVs) that delivers a high specific capacity of 92.6 mAh g‐1 at 5 A g‐1 after 35 000 cycles (100% capacity retention) and excellent rate performance of 54 mAh g‐1 at 20 A g‐1 when tested in combination with a Na‐metal anode. Moreover, sodium‐ion full batteries assembled with C‐NTC as the anode and Na3V2(PO4)3@C‐BN as the cathode demonstrates a high specific capacity after 5500 cycles. Electrochemical kinetic tests and density functional theory measurements confirm that the synergistic effect of heterostructure and OVs accelerate the ion/electron transfer kinetics, the stable frame structure, and solid electrolyte interphase layer ensuring the long cycle life. Ex‐situ X‐ray photon spectroscopy reveals that the generation of Ti0 by disproportionation reactions may be responsible for the degradation of Ti‐based oxide performance, which provides unique insight and guidance for the design of titanium‐based electrodes with ultra‐long cycle life.
Recent Advances in CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Focus on Crystallization Characteristics and Controlling Strategies
Authors: Yang Shaomin , Duan Yuwei , Liu Zhike , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAll‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl or their mixtures) perovskites attract enormous attention in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, outstanding thermal/light stability, and wide range of applications in electronic devices. Encouragingly, the reported power conversion efficiency of CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rockets up from 2.9% in 2015 to the present 21.0%. In order to further promote the performance of CsPbX3 PSCs toward the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit, it is important to optimize the quality of perovskite films by crystallization kinetics modulation and defect suppression. In this review, first, some fundamental information about all‐inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites is briefly introduced, including the crystallization mechanism, growth mode, crystal structure, and phase stability as well as possible defects and their effects on device performance. Second, the recent exciting progress of the crystallization modulation strategies for high‐quality CsPbX3 films is summarized and discussed in detail. The advantages of different strategies, including annealing engineering, solvent engineering, precursor engineering, composition engineering, and interface engineering, are highlighted. Finally, methods for improving the efficiency of inorganic PSCs are discussed, and the future development prospects of inorganic PSCs are also outlined.
In Situ Catalytic Polymerization of a Highly Homogeneous PDOL Composite Electrolyte for Long‐Cycle High‐Voltage Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhang Bo , Jing Maoxiang , Shen Xiangqian , Wang Li , Xu Hong , Yan Xiaohong , He Xiangming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh energy density solid‐state lithium batteries require good ionic conductive solid electrolytes (SE) and stable matching with high‐voltage electrode materials. Here, a highly homogeneous poly(1,3‐dioxolane) composite solid electrolyte (CSE) membrane that can satisfy the above‐mentioned requirements by in situ catalytic polymerization effect of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles on the polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), is reported. The well‐dispersed YSZ nanoparticle catalyst leads to the polymerization conversion of DOL monomers up to 98.5%, which enlarges its electrochemical window exceeding 4.9 V. YSZ also significantly improves the room temperature ionic conductivity (2.75 × 10−4 S cm−1) and enhances the cycle life of lithium metal anode. Based on this CSE, the Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 (NCM622)‐based solid‐state lithium battery shows a long cycle life over 800 cycles. This investigation encourages polymer SE toward practical high energy solid‐state batteries.
Environmental productivity index GIS‐based model to estimate prickly pear biomass potential availability for biogas production
Authors: Leanza Paola Maria , Valenti Francesca , D'Urso Provvidenza Rita , Arcidiacono Claudia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, climate change is the environmental issue facing the world. To reach the 2030 European Union goals, recently, biogas production through anaerobic digestion has developed significantly, by using alternative biomass sources due to the competition between food and no‐food products. In this regard, Opuntia ficus‐indica (OFI) has been suggested as a suitable new biomass for producing biomethane within the context of circular economy. In this study, a predictive methodology was applied by combining the Nobel model of environmental productivity index (EPI) and geographic information system (GIS), with the aim of estimating OFI biomass amount, as well as biogas and electricity potential production. The GIS analyses allowed the identification of the most suitable territorial areas for producing biogas from OFI, and an estimation of electricity production. The achieved results are highly valuable information for strategic planning of biogas sector development and could be relevant to the intervention priorities established by the EU.
Differences in prognosis and underuse of adjuvant chemotherapy between elderly and non‐elderly patients in stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Ogawa Hiroomi , Shioi Ikuma , Ozawa Naoya , Osone Katsuya , Okada Takuhisa , Sohda Makoto , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to clarify the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and the prognosis of elderly colorectal cancer patients compared with non‐elderly patients, and the usefulness of sarcopenia as an indicator for the introduction and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2021, 215 patients with pStage III disease were included. We investigated perioperative clinicopathological factors, adjuvant chemotherapy details, and prognosis. Preoperative sarcopenia status was evaluated using computed tomography images. Elderly patients were defined as those aged ≥70 years.ResultsWe included 121 (56.3%) and 94 (43.7%) non‐elderly and elderly patients, respectively. Among the elderly patients, 47 had sarcopenia. There were no significant differences in the incompletion rate of adjuvant chemotherapy between elderly and non‐elderly patients (27.1%/16.2%, P = 0.119). The most common reason for the discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy was side effects, regardless of age. The respective 3‐year‐disease free survival of patients with no/completed/incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy were 65.5%, 80.2%, and 57.7% for non‐elderly patients (P = 0.045) and 73.4%, 70.6%, and 71.6% for elderly patients (P = 0.924). The number of elderly patients with sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients without adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004) and those with incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004). The 3‐year‐disease free survival of elderly sarcopenic patients without and with adjuvant chemotherapy were 78.3% and 59.2%, respectively (P = 0.833).ConclusionElderly patients did not show a benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of whether they had completed adjuvant chemotherapy, unlike non‐elderly patients. Moreover, the evaluation of preoperative sarcopenia in elderly colorectal cancer patients may be useful in determining the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Controllable membrane damage by tunable peptide aggregation with albumin
Authors: Hamsici Seren , Gunay Gokhan , Acar Handan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAggregation of otherwise soluble proteins into amyloid structures is a hallmark of many disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. There is an increasing evidence that the small aggregations, instead of ordered fibrillar aggregates, are the main structures causing toxicity. However, the studies on the small aggregation phase are limited due to the variety of structures and the complexity of the physiological environment. Here, we showed an engineered co‐assembling oppositely charged amyloid‐like peptide pair ([II]) as a simple tool to establish methodologies to study the mechanism and kinetics of aggregation and relate its aggregation to toxicity. The toxicity mechanism of [II] is through cell membrane damage and stress, shown with YAP and eIF2α, as in the amyloid protein‐initiated diseases. Albumin is demonstrated as an extrinsic and physiologically relevant molecule in controlling the aggregation lag time and toxicity of [II]. This study represents a molecular engineering strategy to create simplistic molecular tools for establishing methodologies to study the aggregation process and kinetics of amyloid‐like proteins in various conditions. Understanding the nature of protein aggregation kinetics and linking them to their biological functions through engineered peptides paves the way for future designs and drug development applications.
Dissolution of urea phosphate: A kinetic and thermodynamic study by solution calorimetry
Authors: Long Bingwen , Yao Keke , Zhu Shijie , Li ZuHong , Li Tong , Deng Fuli , Deng Hua , Ding Yigang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA thermodynamic and kinetic study of the dissolution properties of urea phosphate (UP) in water is performed using a Calvet type microcalorimeter. Calorimetric measurements reveal the dissolution is endothermic and the heat is perfectly proportional to the amount of UP dissolved, yielding an enthalpy of (33.755 ± 0.65) kJ/mol. By combining the enthalpy data of our measurements and literature, we derive the enthalpies of urea‐phosphoric acid adduct reaction, formation of solid UP and UP dissociation. Dissolution kinetics parameters are estimated using the collected dynamic calorimetric data that are well represented with quasi‐second‐order kinetic model, giving an activation energy of (16.7 ± 2.7) kJ/mol. Thermodynamic modeling of the pH difference between UP and phosphoric acid solutions shows the degree of UP dissociation decreases from 74% to 42% when UP molality increases from 0.02 to 1 mol/kg. Furthermore, the species molality distributions in UP solutions are calculated based on mass balance and the dissociation equilibrium relations considered.
Sexual dimorphism in deciduous tooth crown size: Variability within and between groups
Authors: Lukacs John R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesSexual dimorphism in deciduous tooth crown size is often used to identify sex in sub‐adults from archeological sites and forensic settings. Yet sexual dimorphism in deciduous dental attributes is less well documented than in permanent teeth. This analysis was conducted to document variation in sexual dimorphism within and between a global sample of populations.MethodsMean deciduous tooth crown size was culled from published literature, yielding a sample of 37 groups. Mean mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) crown dimensions are the basis for computing percent sexual dimorphism [(M/F−1) * 100]. Three analyses were conducted: (1) a statistical analysis of mean % sex dimorphism (%SD) within and between populations, (2) an evaluation of rank‐ordered %SD by tooth, and (3) an assessment of intergroup patterns in degree of sexual dimorphism. Univariate tests of significance, correlation and regression, and multivariate cluster analysis were used.ResultsMean %SD is low overall (1.77) for 26 groups and the level of dimorphism is not significantly different for MD (1.68) and BL (1.72) dimensions. The most sexual dimorphic deciduous teeth include incisor, canine and molar tooth types, while in the permanent dentition canines are consistently most sexual dimorphic. Global variation in sexual dimorphism of deciduous tooth size is low with little inter‐ethnic variation.ConclusionsSexual dimorphism in crown size is lower and more variably expressed than in permanent teeth. Differences may relate to developmental, chromosomal, and hormonal factors. Degree of sexual dimorphism is not associated with ethnicity in this global sample.