bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lepidopterous Larvae Control on Collards, 1990
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were transplanted Mar, 1990, near Greenville, NC, using a row spacing of 42 inches. Single row plots 20 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18 x). Application rate was 80 gal/acre delivered at 60 psi, and Triton B-1956 spreader-sticker was used with all treatments. Applications were made 14, 20, and 27 Nov. Visual estimates of foliar damage to all plants and/ or insect counts on 3 plants per plot were made 20, 27 Nov (before spraying), and on 5 Dec.
Black Cutworm Control on Transplanted Collards, 1991
Authors: Teague T. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field trials were conducted to evaluate use of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) in transplant water to protect newly transplanted Brassica crops from cutworm damage. Five week old collard plants grown in 0880 A Todd Flats were set in a Calloway silt loam on 13 Sep. Plots consisted of a single row on raised beds (40 inch bed spacing), 20 ft long, with 1 unplanted row separating adjacent plots. Within rows plant spacing was 9.0 inches. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The transplanter delivered 50 ml transplant solution to the soil as each plant was set. Spray applications were made using a backpack sprayer equipped with a single hollow cone nozzle directed at the base of the plant and calibrated to deliver 40 gal/acre at 40 psi. Soil temperature at the time of transplanting was 92°F. All plots were irrigated by furrow flood 2 h post treatment and again at 4 and 8 DAT. Plant loss due to cutworm damage was evaluated at 1, 3 and 10 DAT. Squareroot transformations of % data were subjected to ANOVA.
Reduction of Aphid Contamination on Sweet Corn Ears, 1992
Authors: Straub R. W. , Grimsland H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Dazzel’ (sh2) sweet corn was planted 20 Jun in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 2-row plots 149 m long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Foliar spray treatments were applied to silking corn (27 Aug, 31 Aug and 4 Sep) using a high clearance sprayer driven at 2.12 km/hr equipped with three D2-25 cone nozzles/row, dispensing 450 liters/ha at 7.03 kg/cm2. On 9 Sep, 25 ears/replicate were randomly selected and given a rating based on the presence and location of aphid colonies (i.e. &gt; 5 nymphs), where: 0 aphids = 0, aphids at the base of ear = 1, aphids at the side of ear or between husk layers = 2, aphids at the silk zone or on kernels = 3). The numerical ratings were additive if aphids were present at more than one location on the ear. The proportion of ears having a rating of 2 or less was used to determine percent marketability. The presence of aphids at the base is not in itself detrimental to marketability, but aphids located between the layers of husks or within the silks or kernels is cause for rejection.
Ear-Infesting Insect Control in Sweet Corn, 1992
Authors: Vaughn Ty T. , Hoy Casey W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Quicksilver’ sweet corn was planted 30 Jun on the Snyder Farm at the OARCD, Wooster, Ohio. Plant spacing was 30 inches between rows and 6-8 inches between plants. Plots consisted of 2 rows, 50 ft in length, with two untreated guard rows between plots and 5 ft of untreated corn at either end of each plot. Treatments were applied during the silking period on 1, 4, 9, and 12 Sep using a backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi with a flat fan nozzle directed at the ear zone. Plots were evaluated 18 Sep by examining 50 ears per plot for any larval pests infesting the ears and silks.
Evaluation of Insecticide Efficacy for Spwf Control on Cucurrits, 1992
Authors: Sparks Alton N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot study was conducted to evaluate selected insecticides and combinations of insecticides for their efficacy against the SPWF in cucurbits. Cucumbers were planted in 40 inch beds with one guard row planted to sudan grass between each row. Experimental plots measuring one row by 25 feet were established shortly after plant emergence. Plots were arranged in a random complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were initiated at the three true leaf stage, with applications made on 1, 7 and 12 Oct, 1992. Insecticides were applied with the CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (40 PSI), with three lOx hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overtop, 2 on drops), in a total volume of 50 GPA. Adult SPWF were monitored 24 hours after each application by counting the number of adults on the first fully expanded leaf from the growing terminal on three randomly selected plants per plot. For evaluation of immatures the 5th and 7th leaf were sampled on two randomly selected plants per plot. All immature SPWF were counted on two 2.2 cm diameter disks cut from each leaf (8 disks per plot).
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Lepidoterous Larvae in Lettuce, 1992
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded into double-row beds on 17 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. The plots were not thinned prior to the experiment. Each plot consisted of three, 50 ft long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by an untreated bed. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Foliar treatments were applied on 8, 13, and 19 Oct with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (2 TX-8 nozzles/row) operated at 40 psi, delivering 25 gal/acre. Spreader-sticker (Dynamic) was included in all spray treatments at a rate of 0.5% of the total volume. Insecticide efficacy was determined by counting the total number of small (1st and 2nd instars) and large (&gt; 2nd instar) BAW and CL larvae on 25 randomly selected lettuce plants per replicate. Insect counts were conducted on 7, 13, 19, and 25 Oct. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and a protected LSD.
Onion Maggot Control with Trigard Seed Treatments, 1992
Authors: Webb D. R. , Taylor A. G. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two experiments were planted 4 May in muck soil near Prattsburg, New York, on Franjo Farms. Treatments were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Germination and damage data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All treated seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments of insecticides were applied using a hand-pushed cone seeder that planted 9 seeds/ft and delivered 75 gal of water/acre through a gravity-fed system based on a 15 inch row width. Trigard 75 WP was applied to the seed either by pelleting or film coating. Pelleted treatments were applied by mixing Trigard 75 WP with 140 mesh sand and coating it using a copper pan treater and air brush. Progrow (Vitavax and Thiram) was included in the pellet for each specified seed treatment at the rate of 25 g of formulation/kg of seed and Dithane (F45) applied in the furrow with the Lorsban drenches at 2.4 qts formulation/acre for control of onion smut, Urocystis cepulae. Film treatments were applied by suspending Trigard 75 WP in a 15% soln of Opadry F (Colorcon Co.) and then spraying the seeds. Progrow was applied during the film-coating procedure.
Onion Maggot Control with Seed Furrow Treatments, 1992
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seeds were planted 4 May in muck soil near Prattsburg, New York, on Franjo Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Germination and damage data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and treatments of insecticides were applied in the seed furrow using a hand-pushed cone seeder that planted 9 seeds/ft and delivered 75 gal of water/acre through a gravity-fed system. Insecticide treatments were based on a 15 inch row width. Dithane F-45 was applied in the furrow with each treatment at 2.4 qts formulation/acre for control of onion smut, Urocystis cepulae. Stand counts were taken 28 May. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca. twice/wk from the time of stand counts until 20 Jul.
Thrips Control on Onions, 1992
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located in muck soil near Prattsburg, New York, on Franjo Farms. Each treatment consisted of a double row 12 inches apart replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Two untreated buffer rows were located between each treatment. Individual plots were 20 ft long. We sprayed with a CO2 backpack sprayer equipped with 4 nozzles, 2/row using 109 gal/acre. A sticker (X-77) was applied to all treatments at 8 fl oz/100 gals. Samples were taken by collecting foliage from 5 consecutive onions/rep/treatment and transferred to Berlese funnels placed above containers of 50% alcohol. Thrips counts were made 48 hrs later by screening the thrips from the alcohol solution. The present thrips threshold in N.Y. for initiating commercial treatment is 3/leaf.
Control of Armyworms on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall 1991
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 5 Sep, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 27 Sep, 4, 10, 17, 24, 31 Oct, 8, 14, 22 Nov and 12 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 55 gal/acre for the first spray and 80 gal/acre for the remaining sprays. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core. On 8 Nov, the numbers of beet and southern armyworm larvae were counted on each plant. Fruit were harvested on 27 Nov and 16 Dec and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number and weight of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae were determined.
Control of European Corn Borer and Green Peach Aphid on Peppers, 1992
Authors: Speese J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peppers were transplanted on 30 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a double 25 ft row bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Plant spacing was 12 inch with 36 inch between rows. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed-gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made weekly beginning 5 Aug through 28 Sep. Triton AG-98 (4 oz product/acre) was added to each treatment. Kocide (12 lb product/acre) and Maneb (2 lb product/acre) were applied weekly to control bacterial spot. Evaluation criteria consisted of harvests of all market-sized fruit per plot. This fruit was graded as either marketable (no insect damage) or worm-damaged. On 29 Sep stem holes from ECB feeding were counted on 10 randomly chosen plants per plot. The number of GPA on 25 leaves per plot was recorded on 5 Oct.
Wireworm Control on Potato, 1989
Authors: Jansson R. K. , Lecrone S. H. , Daigle C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified ‘La Rouge’ seed pieces were planted on 16 Dee in a Perrine marl soil and spaced 10 cm apart in rows that were 0.9 m apart. Sixteen treatments were arranged into a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatment plots were 4 rows by 9.1 m long. Plants were fertilized with 896 kg/ha of granular (8:20:8) at planting and an additional 1456 kg/ha of liquid (4:4:12) during the growing season. Maneb 80 was applied (1.7 kg [AI]/ha) weekly and Benlate 50 was applied (1.1 kg [AI]/ha) on two dates to control foliar plant pathogens. Insecticide treatments were applied on three dates. Parathion was applied with a 9.1 m long Gandy applicator and incorporated into the soil with a disc harrow on 16 Dec. Thimet 20 G (4.0 kg [AI]/ha) was applied directly to the seed pieces in the furrow at planting on 16 Dec with a planter-mounted Gandy applicator. Thimet 20 G (2.0 kg [AI]/ha) and Force 1.5 G (0.1 and 0.3 kg [AI]/ha) were applied in the furrows 3 days after planting. Post-emergence applications of Thimet 20 G were also made 8 inches off center to both sides of each hill using a tractor-mounted, chain-driven Gandy and incorporated into the soil with a rolling cultivator after plant emergence on 17 Jan. Post-emergence applications of Vydate and Disyston 8 were made on 19 Jan using fumigator knives that delivered 1402 liter/ha at 4.8 km/h directly to the root zone 8 inches off center on both sides of each hill. Vines were killed on 13 Mar with Paraquat Plus (2.3 liter/ha; 29.1% [AI]). Two 6.1 m sections of row per treatment plot were harvested on 19 Apr. Tubers were washed, graded for wireworm injury (holes less than 1.9 cm in depth), damage (holes greater than 1.9 cm in depth), cracking, sunburn, disease, etc., and weighed fresh. Data for injury, damage, sunburn, and cracking are presented at a percentage of total fresh weight/section of row.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1992
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Rouse Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Red Norland’ potatoes were planted in 25 ft rows on 13 May ’92. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 72 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 28 psi. Treatments were applied 4, 9, 16, 23, and 30 Jun; 7, 14 and 21 Jul. Plots receiving AC 303630 were treated 4, 16, 23, and 30 Jun. The plots receiving Trigard were treated with Vydate 2 L at 0.75 lb Al/acre on 3 and 7 Jul to control Colorado Potato beetle adults. Trigard treatments were applied biweekly on 4, 16 and 30 Jun; 7 and 21 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of adults, larvae and egg masses/10 stems and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 29 Jul from 25 feet of row.
Biological and Synthetic Insecticide Combinations for Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, Big Lake, MN, 1992
Authors: Noetzel David , Watrin Cliff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was established to compare several combinations of biologicals and synthetic materials for control of resistant CBP. Plots were established in a commercial potato field and consisted of 4 rows, 0.91 m wide and 9.1 m long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block, replicated 3 times. The entire plot area was treated for adult control on 18 May and 24 Jun. The foliars were applied on 2, 12, 18, and 27 Jun, and then sprayed off with Karate 1 E 0.028 kg Al/ha on 7 Jul. Defoliation readings and larval ratings were taken 12, 18, 27 Jun, and 7 Jul.
Rose Leafhopper Control, 1992
Authors: Day Merry Lou , Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a one-acre block of 6-yr-old trees on M7A, which measured 10 ft high and 7.5 ft wide and were planted 18 x 24 ft apart. The experimental design consisted of 4 single-tree plots in a randomized block design, with each replicate surrounded by at least one unsprayed tree on each side. Insecticides were applied to runoff on 7 Jul with an Agrotec handgun sprayer (model no. ASA0287) operated at 100 psi. Other materials applied separately to the entire block throughout the season were Bayleton, Captan, Dodine, Ethrel, Javelin, Kocide, NAA, Nova, Solubor, Streptomycin, Supracide, Tenn-Cop, Topsin-M, and Ziram. RLH [control was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 randomly selected leaves per tree.
Foliar Sprays to Control Colorado Potato Beetle in Potatoes, Painter, VA, 1992
Authors: Speese J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 18 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a 25 ft row bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Plant spacing was 12 inches with 36 inches between rows. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal/acre water at 40 psi. Applications were made on 14, 21, and 27 May and 8, 15, and 23 Jun. Trigard 75 W was applied every 14 days beginning 14 May. The second applications for the ATI-720 2 X weekly treatment were on 18, 21, 26, and 29 May and 11, 19, and 24 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of weekly counts of all CPB life stages present on 10 randomly chosen plants/plot, percent defoliation ratings on 15 and 22 Jun, and yield data on 2 Jul.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1992
Authors: Vaughn Ty T. , Hoy Casey W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted 21 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (150 lb/acre 19-19-19). Two NTN 33893 soil treatments were applied at planting using a Gandy 901 Jr. insecticide applicator that delivered the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated on 19 May with 0.75 lb/acre of Sencor DF which was then incorporated. Fungicide, Mancozeb at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied 19 Jul, 14, 21, and 26 Aug. Paraquat, 2 pt/acre, was applied 10 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft in length, with 10 ft alleys separating plots and 10 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots in early Jul. The NTN 33893 foliar treatments were applied on 7 Jul only. Other foliar applications were made 7, 19 Jul 8 and 21 Aug. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of adults, eggs, small (instar 1-2), and large (instar 3-4) larvae were counted, and percent defoliation was visually estimated, in five lm lengths of row per plot approximately five d after each application. Potato leafhoppers (PLH) and hopperburn were sampled on 26 Sep. The number of vines with hopperburn in each of five lm lengths of row per plot was visually estimated. PLH were sampled by vacuuming five lm lengths of row per plot using a modified leafblower with a 5 inch diameter suction tube. The samples were frozen and counted under a microscope. Harvest was on 29 Sep and grading was finished by 2 Oct.
Control of Insect Pests of Squash, 1992
Authors: Webb Susan E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Squash was planted 2.5 ft apart on raised beds on 7 Sep. Plots consisted of four 25-ft rows spaced 6 ft apart and separated by 15-ft alleys. Beginning on 5 Oct the entire planting was treated weekly with mancozeb (Manzate 200 DF) at a rate of 1.5 lb (AI)/acre to control fungal diseases. Ten insecticide treatments and an untreated control were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied on 5, 12, 20, 26 Oct, and 2 Nov with a 2-row, tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 7 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow cone nozzles per row (5 nozzles over the row and 2 drop nozzles) delivering 110 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments that included JMS Stylet Oil were applied at 400 psi. Including the application dates above, oil was applied twice weekly from 21 Sep until 9 Nov. On 22 Oct and 12 Nov, five plants from the center rows in each plot were examined for SPWF adults, aphids, MW larvae, and PW damage to fruit and blossoms. On 29 Oct two leaves were collected from the lower third of each of three plants in each plot for estimating numbers of immature whiteflies. All SPWF eggs and nymphs were counted on three leaf disks, 0.8 inches in diameter, cut from each leaf.
Impact of Insecticides on Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1992
Authors: Carson W. G. , White K. K. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam type soil on 30 Jun at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5 ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5 ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 1 week, and drip irrigated thereafter (water pH 7.2-7.5). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at first fruiting. Application dates were 6, 13, 20, 27 Aug and 3, 10, 17, 24 Sep and 1 Oct. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles per row incorporated D-3 orifice disks, #25 cores, and 50 mesh screens. Operating pressure was 100 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Spreader sticker (Leaf Act 80) was included for all treatments at 0.04%. Except for the AC 303630 without oil treatment. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 9 by 11 inch trays/ replicate from 12 Aug through 30 Sep, inclusive. On 7-9 Oct, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate (800 per treatment) and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea) and external damage (primarily S. exigua and K. lycopersicon).
Susceptibility of Fresh Market Tomato Varieties to Insect Pests in Southern California, 1992
Authors: Eigenbrode S. D. , Trumble J. T. , Carson W. G. , White K. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten fresh-market tomato varieties and one processing variety (‘Nova’) were transplanted at the South Coast Research and Education Center of the University of California, in Santa Ana, on 14 Jul. Plants were grown with standard cultural practices, drip irrigated, poled, in a completely randomized design of four replicates, with a replicate plot consisting of 7 plants. Natural infestations of pest insects were permitted to develop. On 25-27 Oct, 100 fruit were harvested from each plot and scored for damage to fruit by insects. Fruit with any detectable damage was scored as damaged. Data were converted to percentage of fruit damaged. Damage by different species of pentatomids could not be distinguished and was pooled.
Thrips Control in Tomatoes in North Florida, 1991
Authors: Funderburk J. , Olson S. , Brown A. , Snell J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located in Gadsden Co., Florida. Plot size was 1 row x 27 ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications, although the Penncap M 2 treatment was replicated only twice. Spray insecticide treatments were applied on 8, 15, and 22 May with a 1-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer that was equipped with 5, D7-45 nozzles/row. The chemicals were applied at about 60 psi, with the amount of spray about 63 gal/acre. The density of thrips in tomato flowers was estimated in each plot 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. Ten flowers were randomly collected in each plot on each sample date. Each sample was placed in a prelabeled vial containing 70% ethyl alcohol. The number of thrips in each sample was determined by searching the contents of each vial under a 7 to 15 x dissecting microscope.