bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEM Study of Oxygen Partial Pressure Effect on Early LSM-YSZ Surface Interactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang H.J. , Chen M. , Liu Y.L. , Theil Kuhn L. , Bowen J.R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Long-term stability studies indicate that cathode degradation is one of the main failure mechanisms in anode-supported SOFCs. In order to better understand the microstructural degradation mechanisms of the cathode and the influence of oxygen partial pressure at relevant operating temperatures, the authors of this article acquired TEM samples from technological cells to study cation interdiffusion mechanisms and LSM-YSZ interactions, particularly in areas where LSM grains are in contact with YSZ electrolyte. Here they present and interpret the results.
Étude exploratoire de l’utilisation des cartes conceptuelles pour le développement du raisonnement clinique des étudiants de deuxième cycle en stage dans un service d’urgence
Authors: Ben-Haddour M. , Roussel M. , Demeester A. 
Published: August 2022

Objectif: Par la grande diversité de situations rencontrées, les services d’urgence offrent aux étudiants en médecine une opportunité d’enrichir leur répertoire expérientiel. Les cartes conceptuelles, en impliquant activement les étudiants dans une démarche de résolution de problème, pourraient favoriser le développement de leur raisonnement clinique. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre l’utilisation des cartes conceptuelles par des étudiants en médecine en stage dans un service d’urgence et leur potentielle aide sur le développement du raisonnement clinique.Matériel et méthode: Étude exploratoire qualitative fondée sur des groupes de discussion menés auprès d’étudiants volontaires pour utiliser des cartes conceptuelles durant leur stage dans le service d’urgence.Résultats: Onze étudiants ont participé. Les principaux obstacles étaient le peu de temps et le nombre trop élevé de patients ; selon eux, les cartes conceptuelles permettaient de mieux mémoriser et d’enrichir leur répertoire de situations rencontrées. Sans supervision, les cartes conceptuelles ont surtout été utilisées comme outil de synthèse et à des fins diagnostiques.Conclusion: Les résultats de cette approche qualitative suggèrent que l’utilisation de cartes conceptuelles dans un service d’urgence devrait se faire sous condition d’une formation préalable pour les étudiants ainsi que de l’allocation d’un temps dédié pour leur réalisation. Même sans supervision, l’utilisation de cartes conceptuelles pourrait favoriser la mémoire expérientielle et la phase de catégorisation du raisonnement clinique. Une utilisation supervisée qui permettrait de faciliter la construction des cartes et de développer toutes les phases du raisonnement clinique paraît souhaitable. Ces hypothèses pourraient faire l’objet d’une vérification par une approche quantitative à plus grande échelle.
Lesson preparation for inclusive teaching of learners with disabilities from grade 1 to 7 at Kankumba Primary School
Authors: Malata Lawrence Nsofwa , Muzata Kenneth Kapalu 
Published: August 2022

The inclusive approach calls for schools to make appropriate curriculum changes to the learning so that each classroom is able to address the learning needs of all children, including those with disabilities. Inclusive education requires good lesson preparation by teachers and involves putting in order all relevant materials considering the concepts of adaptation, accommodation and modification. It appears that the aspect of inclusive lesson preparation for learners with disabilities has not been taken seriously and this could be the major contributing factor to poor performance. However, this article will explore lesson preparation for inclusive teaching of learners with disabilities from grade 1 to 7 at Kankumba primary school in Rufunsa district, Zambia. The study adopted a case study design and it employed a qualitative approach to collect data. The participants were purposively selected and the sample comprised 18 participants that were categorized as follows: Headteacher (1), Parents (5), Class Teachers (6), and children with disabilities (6). The major findings of the study revealed that teachers did not prepare lessons inclusively. Some indicators of lack of inclusive planning were the absence of inclusive methods in lesson plans, whereby teachers only planned group work and lecture methods without indicating how the learners with disabilities would benefit. The selection of teaching and learning aids did not depict inclusion for learners with disabilities. The study further revealed that the lack of proper inclusive lesson delivery and inclusive lesson preparation was exacerbated by a lack of knowledge on inclusive lesson preparation by teachers. It was recommended that in-service teachers need capacity building in inclusive lesson preparation and a further review of how inclusive lesson preparation can be intensified in the teacher education curriculum.
SOME FEATURES OF MAINTAINING ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE IN MODERN RUSSIAN LEGAL REALITY
Authors: Петрова Роза Есеновна , Пиксин Дмитрий Григорьевич 
Published: August 2022

The institution of attorney-client privilege, designed to advance the constitutional provision relating to the preservation of privacy, is undergoing major changes in connection with the development of information technologies. Lawyers and members of lawyers' associations are actively using computerized systems, databases to facilitate the provision of qualified legal assistance. It is information containing data relating to attorney-client privilege that is of interest to persons capable of gaining access to other people's computers. Purpose: to analyze the institution of attorney-client privilege, as well as the status of persons who have access to it. In addition, it is necessary to classify the sources of attorney-client privilege, as well as to study the mechanism of their action. Methods: in the course of writing the work, the dialectical method, analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, description method and legal modeling method are used. Results: the authors investigate the problem of the institution of attorney-client privilege, the mechanisms of its preservation and provision. Some contradictions are revealed between the legislative definition of the institution of attorney-client privilege and the definition popular in the lawyers' community. In addition, the role of members of lawyers' associations with access to attorney-client privilege is studied. A classification of sources of attorney-client privilege is made, and methods of modernization of the said institute are proposed, which is expressed in approval or criticism of the positions of some authors regarding the problem of preservation of information containing attorney-client privilege.
SORBENTS BASED ON NON-CARBONIZED VEGE­TABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Dzyazko Yuliya , Kolomiiets Yevhen 
Published: August 2022

A literature analysis was conducted with sources that describe non-carbonized plant materials (in particular, cellulose from various plants and its derivatives) as sorbents for toxic ions (Cr3+­, Cd2+­, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, etc.) and organic compounds, including oil products. The advantage of plant-based non-carbonized raw materials and sorption materials based on them is the ease of obtaining them from cheap and available plant materials (often from agricultural waste), while the absorbed oil pro­ducts can be separated from such sorbents by pressing, and the sorbents can be reused. The disadvantage is a different composition, depending on the region of growth. The use of inexpensive materials as a matrix for a composite sorbent makes it possible to widely use such material for post-cleaning and/or as the main method of cleaning aqueous solutions for consumer needs. In particular, the addition of finely dispersed inorganic compounds (in particular, graphene oxides) and organic modifiers to non-carbonized plant material for functionalization of its surface was analyzed.
Surface modification gives the sorbent hyd­rophobic properties and/or results in a composite sorbent having a higher sorption capacity (compared to unmodified sorbents) in relation to target pollutants. The study authors suggest using fatty acids, zinc oxide, polysiloxa­nes, trimethylamine and other compounds as modifiers. The impact of the porous structure of cellulose on its properties as an element of a composite sorbent is also considered. The presence of functional groups in plant materials, in particular in biopolymers, allows them to be used as cheap anion exchangers. To increase the number of ion-exchange groups, the authors of the research suggest functionalizing the surface, which leads to an increase in the number, for example, of sulphatic groups, which in turn increases the ion-exchange capacity of such an ion-exchange material or a composite based on it.
When using modified hydrophobic biosorbents to remove oil and oil products from water surfaces, it is possible to regenerate the sorbents mechanically, i.e. without reagents. This provides the possibility of multiple use of biosorbents on one side and the possible complete extraction of valuable products  sorbed hydrocarbons.
Clinical characteristics and variant analyses of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia related to GPD1 gene
Authors: Wang Jun , Sun Xinrong , Jiao Lianying , Xiao Zhengtao , Riaz Farooq , Zhang Yufeng , Xu Pengfei , Liu Ruiqing , Tang Tiantian , Liu Meiqi , Li Dongmin 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Our study aims to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia (HTGTI) and variants in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene and the effect of HTGTI on the protein structure of GPD1.Methods: Retrospective analysis, using the general data, symptoms, signs, and auxiliary examinations, was performed on patients with HTGTI, which were confirmed by genetic testing in our hospital and reported cases online. The clinical data were analyzed using statistical and bioinformatic approaches.Results: A total of 31 genetically confirmed HTGTI patients were collected from our hospital and cases reported in the literature. The clinical manifestations showed the median age of onset was 6.0 (1.9, 12.0) months. All the patients had normal psychiatric status, but 22.6% of them presented growth retardation and short stature, 93.5% had hepatomegaly, and 16.1% had splenomegaly. Just a few children were reported with jaundice, cholestasis, and obesity (3.2–6.5%). The laboratory investigations showed that 96.8% of them had hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) with a median level of 3.1 (2.1, 5.5) mmol/L, but only 30.0% had returned to normal during follow-up. In addition, 93.5% of patients had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with an average level of 92.1 ± 43.5 U/L, while 38.7% had hypercholesterolemia. Upon abdominal imaging, all patients presented fatty liver and liver steatosis, with 66.7% of patients showing hepatic fibrosis. Statistical differences in triglyceride (TG) level were observed in the ≤6 months group compared with the older groups and in the 13 months to 6 years group with &gt;6 years group (H = 22.02, P &lt; 0.05). The restricted cubic spline model showed that severe HTG decreased in the early stage of infants to the normal level; however, it rebounded again to a mild or moderate level after the following days. The genetic test revealed that the main variant types of the GPD1 gene were missense variants (51.6%), followed by splicing variants (35.5%) and nonsense variants (12.9%). Of patients, 87.1% had homozygous variants, with the most frequent loci being c.361-1G &gt; C and c.895G &gt; A.Conclusion: The common manifestations of HTGTI were HTG, hepatomegaly, elevated liver transaminases, and hepatic steatosis in early infancy. However, the recurrence of aberrant HTG may pose long-term detrimental effects on HTGTI patients.
The complex formation of MASP-3 with pattern recognition molecules of the lectin complement pathway retains MASP-3 in the circulation
Authors: Kusakari Kohei , Machida Takeshi , Ishida Yumi , Omori Tomoko , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Sekimata Masayuki , Wada Ikuo , Fujita Teizo , Sekine Hideharu 
Published: August 2022

The complement system plays an important role in host defense and is activated via three different activation pathways. We have previously reported that mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP)-3, unlike its splicing variant MASP-1, circulates in an active form and is essential for the activation of the alternative pathway (AP) via the activation of complement factor D (FD). On the other hand, like MASP-1 and MASP-2 of the lectin pathway (LP), MASP-3 forms a complex with the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of the LP (LP-PRMs). Both MASP-1 and MASP-2 can be activated efficiently when the LP-PRMs complexed with them bind to their ligands. On the other hand, it remains unclear how MASP-3 is activated, or whether complex formation of MASP-3 with LP-PRMs is involved in activation of MASP-3 or its efficiency in the circulation. To address these issues, we generated wild-type (WT) and four mutant recombinant mouse MASP-3 proteins fused with PA (human podoplanin dodecapeptide)-tag (rmMASP-3-PAs), the latter of which have single amino acid substitution for alanine in the CUB1 or CUB2 domain responsible for binding to LP-PRMs. The mutant rmMASP-3-PAs showed significantly reduced in-vivo complex formation with LP-PRMs when compared with WT rmMASP-3-PA. In the in-vivo kinetic analysis of MASP-3 activation, both WT and mutant rmMASP-3-PAs were cleaved into the active forms as early as 30 minutes in the circulation of mice, and no significant difference in the efficiency of MASP-3 cleavage was observed throughout an observation period of 48 hours after intravenous administration. All sera collected 3 hours after administration of each rmMASP-3-PA showed full restoration of the active FD and AP activity in MASP-3-deficient mouse sera at the same levels as WT mouse sera. Unexpectedly, all mutant rmMASP-3-PAs showed faster clearance from the circulation than the WT rmMASP-3-PA. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to show in-vivo kinetics of MASP-3 demonstrating rapid activation and clearance in the circulation. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the complex formation of MASP-3 with LP-PRMs is not required for in-vivo activation of MASP-3 or its efficiency, but may contribute to the long-term retention of MASP-3 in the circulation.
Establishment of three heterogeneous subtypes and a risk model of low-grade gliomas based on cell senescence-related genes
Authors: Chen Jing , Wu Lingjiao , Yang Hanjin , Zhang XiaoChen , Xv SuZhen , Qian Qiong 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCellular senescence is a key element in the occurrence and progression of a variety of tumors. As a result, cellular senescence-related markers can be categorized based on the prognosis status of patients. Due to the heterogeneity and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the long-term effectiveness of low-grade glioma (LGG) treatment remains a clinical challenge. Consequently, developing and refining effective treatment approaches to aid with LGG management is critical.MethodsBased on the expressions of cell senescence-related genes (CSRGs) acquired from the cellAge database, consensus clustering was utilized to identify stable molecular subtypes. Clinical features, immune infiltration, route modifications, and genetic changes of various subtypes were also assessed. Following that, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and univariate Cox regression analysis were used for developing the cell senescence-related risk score (CSRS) model. Finally, a correlation study of the CSRS model with molecular, immunological, and immunotherapy parameters was performed.ResultsC1, C2, and C3, are the three senescence-related subtypes that were identified. Patients belonging to the C1 subtype had poor prognoses and a substantial proportion of them was in the grade G3. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three subtypes were used to develop the CSRS model. In both the training and independent validation cohort, the model had a high area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients. As a result, this model can predict clinical features and responses to immunotherapy in a variety of patients and it is a potential independent prognostic factor for LGG.ConclusionThis research discovered three LGG subtypes related to cell senescence and created a CSRS model for six genes. Cell senescence was highly associated with unfavorable prognosis in LGG. The CSRS model can be used to predict the prognosis of patients and identify patients who would benefit from immunotherapy.
Molecular mechanism of Epimedium in the treatment of vascular dementia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Xie Chenchen , Tang Hao , Liu Gang , Li Changqing 
Published: August 2022

Backgroud: Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, accounting for an estimated 15% of cases. Recently, Epimedium has attracted great attention for its potential neuroprotective benefit. However, the direct role and mechanism of Epimedium on vascular dementia still lack systematic research. To systematically explore the possible pharmacological mechanism of Epimedium for the treatment of vascular dementia, network pharmacology, molecular docking, combined with experiment validation were conducted.Methods: The bioactive compounds and targets of Epimedium were obtained from the TCMSP database. The potential targets of vascular dementia were identified from the DrugBank, OMIM, Genecards, Therapeutic Target Database, and DisGeNET databases. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed. Molecular docking was applied to validate the interaction between active components and hub targets. The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method was used for construction of a vascular dementia model in mice. The effects of Epimedium on learning and memory ability were examined by behavioral tests. The mechanisms of the cerebral protective effects of Epimedium were evaluated by WB, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence.Results: A total of 23 Epimedium active ingredients, and 71 intersecting targets of Epimedium against vascular dementia were obtained. The top five hub targets AKT1, TNF, IL1β, IL6, and MMP9 were identified, and molecular docking showed good binding. GO enrichment showed a total of 602 enrichment results, with 458 (80.56%) key targets mainly focused on biological processes (BP). The response to hypoxia, positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process, aging, inflammatory response, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, negative regulation of apoptotic process were well ranked. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the TNF signaling pathway as an important pathway, with the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-κB signaling pathways as the key pathways involved. Consistently, in vivo experiments showed that Epimedium treatment improved learning and memory functions in mice with vascular dementia. In addition, Epimedium attenuated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal region after BCCAO. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that Epimedium not only affected the expression of AKT, TNF, IL1β, IL6, and MMP9, but also suppressed the TNF signaling pathway.Conclusion: Epimedium may exert a protective effect against vascular dementia through the alleviation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, BBB dysfunction, apoptosis through TNF signaling pathway. This study explored the mechanism of Epimedium on vascular dementia systematically through network pharmacological and in vivo experiment approach, which provides insight into the treatment of vascular dementia.
High ratio of monocytes to high-density lipoprotein is associated with hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients on intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Xia Lingfan , Xu Tong , Zhan Zhenxiang , Wu Yucong , Xu Ye , Cao Yungang , Han Zhao 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundHemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a frequent, serious complication in acute ischemic stroke patients on intravenous thrombolysis. Here we investigated whether risk of HT is associated with the ratio of monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein level (MHR).Materials and methodsMedical records were retrospectively examined for consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who received thrombolytic therapy. HT was diagnosed by computed tomography at 24–36 h after therapy. Potential association between MHR and HT was examined using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 340 patients were analyzed, and their median MHR was 0.44 (0.31–0.59). MHR was higher in the 51 patients (15.0%) with HT than in those who did not suffer HT (0.53 vs. 0.42, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, MHR was an independent risk factor for HT (OR 7.50, 95% CI 1.64 to 34.35, P = 0.009). Risk of HT was significantly higher among patients whose MHR fell in the third quartile (0.42–0.53) and the fourth quartile (&gt; 0.53) than among those with MHR in the first quartile (&lt; 0.31; OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.11 to 11.20, P = 0.032; OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.49 to 15.42, P = 0.009).ConclusionHigh MHR may be independently associated with higher risk of HT in patients with acute ischemic stroke on intravenous thrombolysis.
Clinical utility of a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging-guided linear accelerator during conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated prostate cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Turkkan Gorkem , Bilici Nazli , Sertel Huseyin , Keskus Yavuz , Alkaya Sercan , Tavli Busra , Ozkirim Muge , Fayda Merdan 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo report our initial experience with 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) linear accelerator (LINAC) in prostate cancer radiotherapy in terms of its use in a radiation oncology clinic.MethodsThe medical records of 14 prostate cancer patients treated with MRI-guided radiotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. The fraction time, adapt-to-position (ATP):adapt-to-shape (ATS) usage rate, machine-associated treatment interruption rate, median gamma pass rate, the percentage of planning target volume receiving at least 95% of the prescription dose coverage value of each ATS fraction, the effect of the learning curve on the fraction time and radiation-related acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities were evaluated.ResultsFourteen patients have completed their treatment receiving a total of 375 fractions. Six patients (42%) were treated with the moderately hypofractionated regimen, five patients (36%) with conventionally fractionated, and three patients (22%) with the ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens. The ATP : ATS usage ratio was 3:372. The median fraction time was 46 min (range, 24-81 min). For the 3%/3 mm criterion, median gamma pass rate was 99.4% (range, 94.6–100%). Machine-related treatment interruptions were observed in 11 (2.9%) of 375 fractions, but this interruption rate decreased from 4.1% to 0.8%, after an upgrade. Three patients (22%) had gastrointestinal and five patients (36%) had genitourinary toxicity. No ≥grade 3 toxicity was observed.Conclusion1.5 T MRI-LINAC device could be used as a conventional LINAC device, when the conditions of the radiotherapy center are appropriate. MRI-guided prostate radiotherapy is safe and feasible, and high-quality studies with a larger number of patients and long-term results are needed to better evaluate this new technology.