bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of climate change on the water balance of a continuously moving deep-seated landslide
Authors: Zieher T. , Gallotti G. , Rianna G. , Reder A. , Pfeiffer J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImpacts of expected climate change on the water balance in mountain regions may affect the activity of hydro-meteorologically driven deep-seated landslides. In the present study, an extended empirical monthly water balance model is used for reproducing the current and future hydro-meteorological forcing of a continuously moving deep-seated earth slide in Vögelsberg, Tyrol (Austria). The model extension accounts for effects of land cover and soil properties and relies on time series of air temperature and precipitation as data input. Future projections of the water balance are computed until the end of the twenty-first century exploiting a bias-corrected subset of climate simulations under the RCP8.5 concentration scenario, providing a measure of uncertainty related to the long-term projections. Particular attention is paid to the agreement/disagreement of the projections based on the selected climate simulations. The results indicate that a relevant proxy for the landslide’s varying velocity (subsurface runoff) is generally expected to decrease under future climate conditions. As a consequence, it appears likely that the Vögelsberg landslide may accelerate less frequently considering climate change projections. However, the variability within the considered climate simulations still prevents results in full agreement, even under the ‘most severe’ scenario RCP8.5.
The conundrum of gender-science stereotypes: a review and discussion of measurements
Authors: De Gioannis Elena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStereotypes do not have a unique definition, being mostly considered a generalized belief on the quality and characteristics of members of specific groups or social categories. Hence, various scales and measurements have been proposed to assess the endorsement of beliefs on the association of gender and scientific/language-related skills. The aim of the paper was to summarize, compare and discuss those measures, distinguishing between explicit, implicit and indirect measures. The review of the literature highlighted a huge but unrecognized heterogeneity in the constructs of gender stereotypes, especially for explicit measures. This can hamper findings comparability, reduce scales’ validity, affect the correlation between implicit and explicit measurements, and bias their interpretations due to ambiguous terminologies.
The varying rationality of weakness of the will: an empirical investigation and its challenges for a unified theory of rationality
Authors: Messerli Michael , Fink Julian , Reuter Kevin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWeakness of the will remains a perplexing issue. Though philosophers have made substantial progress in homing in on what counts as a weak will, there is little agreement on whether weakness of the will is irrational, and if so, why. In this paper, we take an empirical approach towards the rationality of weakness of the will. After introducing the philosophical debate, we present the results of an empirical study that reveals that people take a “dual sensitivity”, as we shall put it, towards assessing the rationality of weak-willed behavior. Put succinctly, intending X against your value judgements is assessed irrational; yet, in the same situation, intending X is assessed significantly less irrational if you judge X as something you ought to do. After discussing this result, we turn to the question of whether there is a plausible theory of rationality than can account for the dual sensitivity of the rationality assessments. We show that a success-based account can make sense of the dual sensitivity our empirical results reveal.
Gaps, gluts, and theoretical equivalence
Authors: Nicolai Carlo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen are two formal theories of broadly logical concepts, such as truth, equivalent? The paper investigates a case study, involving two well-known variants of Kripke–Feferman truth. The first, $$\mathtt {KF}+\mathtt {CONS}$$

KF
+
CONS

, features a consistent but partial truth predicate. The second, $$\mathtt {KF}+\mathtt {COMP}$$

KF
+
COMP

, an inconsistent but complete truth predicate. It is known that the two truth predicates are dual to each other. We show that this duality reveals a much stricter correspondence between the two theories: they are intertraslatable. Intertranslatability, under natural assumptions, coincides with definitional equivalence, and is arguably the strictest notion of theoretical equivalence different from logical equivalence. The case of $$\mathtt {KF}+\mathtt {CONS}$$

KF
+
CONS

and $$\mathtt {KF}+\mathtt {COMP}$$

KF
+
COMP

raises a puzzle: the two theories can be proved to be strictly related, yet they appear to embody remarkably different conceptions of truth. We discuss the significance of the result for the broader debate on formal criteria of conceptual reducibility for theories of truth.
Aggressive policing and undermined legitimacy: assessing the impact of police stops at gunpoint on perceptions of police in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Thiago R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTest the effects of a recent police stop and a recent police stop at gunpoint on changes in attitudes towards the police among residents of Brazil’s biggest city.MethodsA three-wave longitudinal survey of São Paulo residents (2015–2019) measured people’s beliefs about police legitimacy, expectations of police procedural fairness, effectiveness, and overpolicing, whether they were recently stopped by the police, and whether officers had pointed a gun at them during that stop. A novel causal estimand focused on the effect of change in treatment status is estimated using matching methods for panel data combined with difference-in-differences.ResultsWhile estimates are too imprecise to suggest an effect of a recent police stop on attitudinal change, recent police stops at gunpoint decrease public expectations of procedural fairness, increase expectations of overpolicing, and harm public beliefs of police legitimacy.ConclusionsUnder a credible conditional parallel trends assumption, this study provides causal evidence on the relationship between aggressive policing practices and legal attitudes, with implications to public recognition of legal authority in a major Global South city.
Characterisation of P2Y receptor subtypes mediating vasodilation and vasoconstriction of rat pulmonary artery using selective antagonists
Authors: Dales Markie O. , Mitchell Callum , Gurney Alison M. , Drummond Robert M. , Kennedy Charles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary vascular tone is modulated by nucleotides, but which P2 receptors mediate these actions is largely unclear. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use subtype-selective antagonists to determine the roles of individual P2Y receptor subtypes in nucleotide-evoked pulmonary vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Isometric tension was recorded from rat intrapulmonary artery rings (i.d. 200–500 µm) mounted on a wire myograph. Nucleotides evoked concentration- and endothelium-dependent vasodilation of precontracted tissues, but the concentration–response curves were shallow and did not reach a plateau. The selective P2Y2 antagonist, AR-C118925XX, inhibited uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP)- but not adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-evoked relaxation, whereas the P2Y6 receptor antagonist, MRS2578, had no effect on UTP but inhibited relaxation elicited by uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP). ATP-evoked relaxations were unaffected by the P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2179, which substantially inhibited responses to adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), and by the P2Y12/13 receptor antagonist, cangrelor, which potentiated responses to ADP. Both agonists were unaffected by CGS1593, an adenosine receptor antagonist. Finally, AR-C118925XX had no effect on vasoconstriction elicited by UTP or ATP at resting tone, although P2Y2 receptor mRNA was extracted from endothelium-denuded tissues using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with specific oligonucleotide primers. In conclusion, UTP elicits pulmonary vasodilation via P2Y2 receptors, whereas UDP acts at P2Y6 and ADP at P2Y1 receptors, respectively. How ATP induces vasodilation is unclear, but it does not involve P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y12, P2Y13, or adenosine receptors. UTP- and ATP-evoked vasoconstriction was not mediated by P2Y2 receptors. Thus, this study advances our understanding of how nucleotides modulate pulmonary vascular tone.
Prevalence and species distribution of Candida bloodstream infection in children and adults in two teaching university hospitals in Egypt: first report of Candida kefyr
Authors: Reda Nashwa Mohamed , Hassan Reem Mostafa , Salem Sherifa Tarek , Yousef Reham Hamed A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Candidemia is a pervasive problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality in health care settings. This study aimed to determine the changing distribution of Candida species and the emergence of uncommon species.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study performed in two Cairo University hospitals between 2019 and 2020. All Candida species isolates recovered from blood cultures of adults and pediatrics patients admitted to the hospitals were included. Candida isolates were identified by chromogenic Candida agar and Vitek2 YST identification card. Candida kefyr was confirmed by chip array.

Results
Candida species were responsible for 1.6% of bloodstream infections in adults and 10.8% in pediatric patients. C. albicans was the most prevalent species representing 27.8% in adults and 48.3% in pediatrics. Non-albicans species (NAC) represented the most isolated Candida species among adults and pediatrics (72.2% and 51.6%, respectively) with the predominance of C. tropicalis (27.8% and 22.5%, respectively) followed by C. parapsilosis (16.7% and 10.8%, respectively). The uncommon Candida, which is Candida species other than C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei, represents 16.6% and 14% of all candidemia in adults and pediatrics, respectively. Only one of each of C. lusitaniae, C. utilis, and C. kefyr were detected in adults. C. lusitaniae was the most frequently recovered uncommon Candida among pediatrics resulting in 6.4% of candidemia followed by C. famata (4.3%), C. utilis (2.2%), and C. kefyr (1.1%).

Conclusions
C. albicans is still the primary species isolated from pediatrics and adults with candidemia despite the considerable shift to the non-albicans species. C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis are the most prevalent NAC. The increased prevalence of uncommon Candida species is alarming and necessitates a prompt stewardship program.
Exploring Young Millennials’ Motivations for Grieving Death Through Social Media
Authors: King Rachel , Carter Pelham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPast research has explored social media grief; however, the motivations for using a range of social media sites, specifically by young millennials, to grieve death fail to be explored expansively in existing thanatology research. Fourteen young millennials participated in individual semi-structured interviews, specifically questioning their motivations for using social media sites to grieve. The interviews were analysed using the thematic analysis framework identified by Braun and Clarke (2013). Four themes were generated: online influence, to announce the death, personal benefit and the hypocrisy of online mourning. The online influence theme suggests that individuals are motivated to grieve due to online influence and pressure. The personal benefit theme suggested social media present many benefits for the bereaved, including continuing bonds, which motivated them to use these platforms. The analysis also indicated that within the motivations there was hypocrisy regarding how young millennials perceive their grief posting activity when compared to others.
Computing graph edit distance on quantum devices
Authors: Incudini Massimiliano , Tarocco Fabio , Mengoni Riccardo , Di Pierro Alessandra , Mandarino Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDistance measures provide the foundation for many popular algorithms in Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition. Different notions of distance can be used depending on the types of the data the algorithm is working on. For graph-shaped data, an important notion is the Graph Edit Distance (GED) that measures the degree of (dis)similarity between two graphs in terms of the operations needed to make them identical. As the complexity of computing GED is the same as NP-hard problems, it is reasonable to considerapproximatesolutions. In this paper, we present a QUBO formulation of the GED problem. This allows us to implement two different approaches, namely quantum annealing and variational quantum algorithms, that run on the two types of quantum hardware currently available: quantum annealer and gate-based quantum computer, respectively. Considering the current state of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers, we base our study on proof-of-principle tests of their performance.
Modeling acute and cumulative erythemal sun exposure on vulnerable body sites during beach vacations utilizing behavior-encoded 3D body models
Authors: Schmalwieser Alois W. , Lohr Matthew A. , Daly Susan M. , Williams Joshua D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVacationers in a high-solar-intensity beach setting put themselves at risk of ultraviolet radiation (UV) over-exposure that can lead to acute and chronic health consequences including erythema, photoaging, and skin cancer. There is a current gap in existing dosimetry work on capturing detailed time-resolved anatomical distributions of UV exposure in the beach vacation setting. In this study, a radiative transfer model of the solar conditions of Tampa Bay, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA (27.8°N, 82.8°W) is combined with an in silico three-dimensional body model and data on typical beach vacation behaviors to calculate acute and cumulative body-site-specific UV exposure risk during a beach vacation. The resulting cumulative UV exposure calculated for a typical mix of clothing choices, settings, and activities during a week-long (7-day) beach vacation is 172.2 standard erythemal doses (SED) at the forearm, which is comparable with the average total annual UV exposure of European and North American residents and consistent with existing dosimetry studies. This model further estimates that vacationers choosing to spend a full day exclusively in the beach or pool setting can experience UV exposure in excess of 50 SED a day at multiple body sites. Such exposure indicates that significant sun protective measures would be required to prevent sunburn across all skin types in this setting. This work clarifies the significant role that beach vacations play in UV exposure and corresponding acute and cumulative health risks and highlights the importance of behavioral choices (including clothing, activity and photoprotection) as crucial factors in differentiating personal solar exposure risks.
Graphical abstract
Machine learning for the definition of landslide alert models: a case study in Campania region, Italy
Authors: Pota Marco , Pecoraro Gaetano , Rianna Guido , Reder Alfredo , Calvello Michele , Esposito Massimo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLandslide early warning systems at regional scale are typically based on correlations between landslides that occurred in the past and rainfall monitoring data in order to identify trigger rainfall thresholds. Recently, the availability of large datasets of atmospheric measurements allows including additional variables, increasing the reliability of the models. However, conducting the analyses with traditional techniques can be quite complex and time-consuming. The purpose of this preliminary study is to demonstrate that machine learning techniques can be used to analyze monitoring data in order to select the most relevant variables for the triggering of shallow rainfall-induced landslides at regional scale. The models developed herein were tested in one of the alert zones defined by civil protection for the management of geo-hydrological risk in Campania region, Italy. Two data sources were used in the analysis. The atmospheric variables are derived from the ERA5-Land atmospheric reanalysis. The data on landslide events are retrieved from “FraneItalia”, a georeferenced catalog of landslides occurred in Italy developed by consulting online sources from 2010 onwards. The models developed were calibrated and validated in order to define combinations of rainfall variables and soil water content for the prediction of the occurrence of landslides. Finally, the performance of the models was assessed using statistical indicators derived from contingency matrices.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Bruno Veronica , Ruiz-Lopez Marta , Terroba-Chambi Cinthia , Freitas Maria Eliza , Rajalingam Rajasumi , Chang Anna , Fox Susan Helen , Lang Anthony Edward 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT:Objective:To characterize Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms based on the presence, onset time, and severity of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and their association with impulse control disorders (ICD).Background:RBD is a frequent non-motor symptom in PD, usually described as prodromal. The severity of RBD according to the start time and its relationship with ICD in PD needs further clarification.Methods:A survey-based study was performed to determine the presence of RBD symptoms, their severity, and the temporal relationship with the PD onset. The survey included RBD1Q, the Mayo Sleep, and the RBDQ-HK questionnaires and questions about clinical characteristics, including ICD. Only PD patients with care partners spending night hours in the same room were included.Results:410 PD patients were included: 206 with RBD (50.2%) and 204 non-RBD (49.8%). The PD-RBD patients were younger and their daily levodopa dose was higher than the non-RBD group. Most of these patients developed RBD symptoms after the onset of clinical PD were younger at motor symptom onset and had higher scores in the hallucinations and psychosis subsection of MDS-UPDRS-I. RBD group had a more severe non-motor phenotype, including more ICD than those without RBD, mainly due to higher compulsive eating.Conclusions:In our study, most patients recognized RBD symptoms after the onset of the PD motor symptoms and the clinical features of PD with and without RBD were distinctive, supporting the hypothesis that PD-RBD might represent a variant pattern of neurodegeneration.
Work-up and Management of Asymptomatic Extracranial Traumatic Vertebral Artery Injury
Authors: Maclean Mark A. , Touchette Charles J. , Duda Taylor , Almojuela Alysa , Bergeron David , Kameda-Smith Michelle , Persad Amit R.L. , Sader Nicholas , Alant Jacob , Christie Sean D. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:Non-penetrating head and neck trauma is associated with extracranial traumatic vertebral artery injury (eTVAI) in approximately 1–2% of cases. Most patients are initially asymptomatic but have an increased risk for delayed stroke and mortality. Limited evidence is available to guide the management of asymptomatic eTVAI. As such, we sought to investigate national practice patterns regarding screening, treatment, and follow-up domains.Methods:A cross-sectional, electronic survey was distributed to members of the Canadian Neurosurgical Society and Canadian Spine Society. We presented two cases of asymptomatic eTVAI, stratified by injury mechanism, fracture type, and angiographic findings. Screening questions were answered prior to presentation of angiographic findings. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:One hundred-eight of 232 (46%) participants, representing 20 academic institutions, completed the survey. Case 1: 78% of respondents would screen for eTVAI with computed topography angiography (CTA) (97%), immediately (88%). The majority of respondents (97%) would treat with aspirin (89%) for 3–6 months (46%). Respondents would follow up clinically (89%) or radiographically (75%), every 1–3 months. Case 2: 73% of respondents would screen with CTA (96%), immediately (88%). Most respondents (94%) would treat with aspirin (50%) for 3–6 months (35%). Thirty-six percent of respondents would utilize endovascular therapy. Respondents would follow up clinically (97%) or radiographically (89%), every 1–3 months.Conclusion:This survey of Canadian practice patterns highlights consistency in the approach to screening, treatment, and follow-up of asymptomatic eTVAI. These findings are relevant to neurosurgeons, spinal surgeons, stroke neurologists, and neuro-interventionalists.
Exploring the impact of green human resource management on firm sustainable performance: roles of green supply chain management and firm size
Authors: Jawaad Mehwish , Hasan Tania , Amir Abeera , Imam Hassan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examined the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) and green supply chain management (GSCM) on the economic, social, and environmental performance of 272 (ISO-certified) textile firms in Pakistan. It investigated how a firm's size and the number of years since adopting GSCM practices influence performance. Survey data were collected from these firms through a cluster sampling approach and then analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results highlighted that GHRM positively influences a firm's environmental and social performance. Results further indicated that inbound and outbound GSCM activities mediate between GHRM and a firm's environmental and social performance. The moderation results revealed that a firm's size is crucial for improving performance. From an emerging economy perspective, this study draws the attention of policymakers and managers, concluding that implementing GHRM improves the green orientation of all the departments within a firm and helps organizations achieve sustainability goals.
STRONG COMPACTNESS, SQUARE, GCH, AND WOODIN CARDINALS
Authors: APTER ARTHUR W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe show the consistency, relative to the appropriate supercompactness or strong compactness assumptions, of the existence of a non-supercompact strongly compact cardinal
$\kappa _0$
(the least measurable cardinal) exhibiting properties which are impossible when
$\kappa _0$
is supercompact. In particular, we construct models in which
$\square _{\kappa ^+}$
holds for every inaccessible cardinal
$\kappa $
except
$\kappa _0$
, GCH fails at every inaccessible cardinal except
$\kappa _0$
, and
$\kappa _0$
is less than the least Woodin cardinal.