bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional upper‐bound limit analysis of ultimate pullout capacity of anchor plates using variation method
Authors: Hu Shihong , Zhao Lianheng , Tan Yigao , Luo Yibo , Zeng Zhonglin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe uplift bearing capacity of anchor plates has been the focus of geotechnical engineering research. In this study, based on the upper‐bound limit analysis theory and considering the nonlinear characteristics of geomaterials, the three‐dimensional uplift behavior of a shallow horizontal anchor plate was analyzed. Based on the variational principle, virtual power principle, and equilibrium equation, the ultimate pullout forces of rectangular and circular anchor plates were derived, and the dimensionless breakout factor and failure mechanism of the overlying soil were obtained. The ultimate pullout forces were in good agreement with the existing research results, and the principal stresses along the rupture surface agreed well with that obtained by numerical analysis, which could demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. Moreover, the effects of the nonlinear coefficient, anchor size and aspect, embedment ratio, and surface overload on the breakout factor were investigated. Meanwhile, the shape modification factors of rectangular and circular anchor plates were obtained. The findings of this study can provide a useful reference for anchor plate design.
Exploring Helical Folding in Oligomers of Cyclopentane‐Based ϵ‐Amino Acids: A Computational Study
Authors: Park Hae Sook , Kang Young Kee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Young Kee Kang at Chungbuk National University (Republic of Korea). The cover picture shows the preferred conformation of the hexamer of ϵ‐amino acid Amc5a with a cyclopentane substituent in the backbone investigated using DFT methods in chloroform and water. The Amc5a hexamer adopted a stable left‐handed conformation with a rise of 4.8 Å per turn both in chloroform and water. However, the hexamer of Ampa (an analogue of Amc5a with replacing cyclopentane by pyrrolidine) adopted different conformations in chloroform and in water. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/open.202100253.
Flexible and high dielectric permittivity composites of Na1/3Ca1/3Bi1/3Cu3Ti4O12 and vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene copolymer (P[VDF‐co‐TrFE])
Authors: Marcomini Andre L. , Dias Jeferson A. , Morelli Marcio R. , Bretas Rosario E. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible composites formed by the perovskite Na1/3Ca1/3Bi1/3Cu3Ti4O12 (NCBCTO) with a copolymer of PVDF with TrFE (P[VDF‐co‐TrFE]) and three phases composites made of NCBCTO, P(VDF‐co‐TrFE), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were successfully prepared by solution casting with ultrasound. Their structures were analyzed by wide angle x‐rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, while their morphology and thermal properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The dielectric properties were measured by impedance spectroscopy. All the composites developed predominantly the β‐phase; in some of them, the NCBCTO acted as a β‐phase nucleating agent, increasing its amount. The addition of NCBCTO altered the Curie temperature of the PVDF‐TrFe composites, indicating suppression of the CL‐phase. The best combination of high dielectric permittivity with low dielectric loss was displayed by the composite with 75 wt% of NCBCTO and 25 wt% of P(VDF‐co‐TrFE). The MWCNTs did not contribute to the increase of permittivity, which was attributed to its poor dispersion; instead of behaving as the electrodes of a capacitor, the MWCNT formed a conductive path, probably due to the impeding presence of the NCBCTO particles.
Invertierte Seifenblasen
Authors: Suhr Wilfried 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungSo einfach die Herstellung von Antibubbles auch ist, so rätselhaft erscheint es, dass sich die dabei zur Kollision gebrachten Flüssigkeiten nicht verbinden, sondern durch einen Luftspalt getrennt bleiben, der sich dann zu einer umschließenden Hülle auswächst. Einerseits ist dafür ausschlaggebend, dass die Luft in dem engen Spalt nur laminar fließen kann, sodass ihre Viskosität ins Spiel kommt. Andererseits ist auch eine geringe Mobilität der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche nötig, für die bei einer wässrigen Spülmittellösung ein Gefälle der Oberflächenkonzentration dort angereicherter Tensid‐Moleküle sorgt. Antibubbles unterliegen zeitlichen Veränderungen, die ein Vergleich mit gepusteten Seifenblasen veranschaulicht.
Cryptogenic massive hemoptysis caused by bronchial artery–pulmonary artery fistula in a 12‐year‐old boy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Dong Hanquan , Dong Lili , Yu Yuping , Fu Jia , Chen Xiaofang , Xu Yongsheng , Cai Chunquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemoptysis is a frequently encountered symptom of the respiratory system in adult but is rare in children. Bronchial artery–pulmonary artery fistula (BPF) is one of the most important and life‐threatening cause in pediatric hemoptysis patients. Although the severity of BPF has been proved in previous studies, details about clinical diagnosis and treatment of BPF in children have been rarely reported.Case preparationA 12‐year‐old boy presented to the hospital with hematemesis after coughing, without any other symptoms. After admission, he had repeated hemoptysis, 20–30 ml each time, and on the 11th night of admission a massive hemoptysis (about 100 ml bright red blood) occurred suddenly. Chest computed tomography demonstrated patchy ground glass opacities in the right lung, suggestive of pulmonary hemorrhage. Bronchial arteriography showed an apparent BPF in the right lobe bronchial artery. Therefore, bronchial artery embolization was performed, following which a thrombus in the bronchial lumen was removed by bronchoscopy. After these interventions, the patient recovered quickly and no recurrence was noted in the following year.ConclusionWe believe that this case should raise awareness of cryptogenic massive hemoptysis caused by BPF. In the event of hemoptysis in a child, it is important to clarify the source of the bleeding. If common etiologies have been excluded, the presence of pulmonary and bronchial vascular malformations should be considered. Moreover, multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial in the diagnosis and management of cryptogenic hemoptysis.
Characterization of selected organometallic compounds by electrospray ionization‐ and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry using different types of instruments: Possibilities and limitations
Authors: Fleissner Sarah , Pittenauer Ernst , Pecak Jan , Kirchner Karl 
Published: March 2022

RationaleOrganometallic compounds are becoming increasingly important in their industrial application as catalysts. Mass spectrometry is an essential tool for the structural confirmation of such organometallics. Because the analysis of this class of molecules can be challenging, the ionization behavior and structural confirmation of selected transition metal catalysts are described in this work.MethodsThe transition metal catalysts investigated were analyzed using classical vacuum MALDI reflectron TOF‐MS as well as intermediate pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI QTOF‐MS). Obtained mass spectra were compared with electrospray ionization MS (ESI‐MS) already established for organometallic compounds, utilizing a QTOF mass spectrometer here. In addition, various sample preparations, including two selected MALDI matrices (trans‐2‐[3‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐2‐methyl‐2‐propenylidene]malononitrile and 2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene) with different solvent combinations for MALDI‐MS measurements, were investigated in detail with respect to their correct isotope distribution of the molecular ions observed.ResultsAll investigated organometallic compounds were successfully identified by vacuum and intermediate pressure MALDI‐MS. Accurate masses of ions related to molecular ion species (e.g., [M‐Cl]+, [M]+, and [M + Na]+) could be determined by MALDI QTOF‐MS measurements with a mass error of less than ±5 ppm for all compounds. Both investigated MALDI matrices performed equally on both instruments. The impact of the analyte/matrix solvent mixtures turned out to be crucial for a successful analysis of the investigated compounds. In contrast, ESI QTOF‐MS yielded masses of ions related to molecular ion species in favorable cases.ConclusionsThe use of MALDI‐MS for the structural confirmation of organometallic compounds is still not widely used. Nevertheless, this work showed that this analytical technique does have some benefits. The analysis of neutral catalysts proves to be quite useful, concluding that this technique provides a complement and/or an alternative to ESI‐MS.
Orbital apex syndrome associated with intraorbital metastasis of lung cancer
Authors: Ookuma Takashi , Kikuchi Ryota , Takoi Hiroyuki , Toriyama Kazutoshi , Abe Shinji 
Published: March 2022

Key messageIn lung cancer patients, brain metastasis is often suspected when neurological symptoms appear; however, if ptosis, ocular motility disorder or optic nerve disorder is observed, it is important to identify and treat the orbital apex syndrome.
General Synthetic Strategy to Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Catalysts with Single‐Atom Metal Sites for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Luo Zhicheng , Yin Zhouyang , Yu Jiaqi , Yan Yu , Hu Bing , Nie Renfeng , Kolln Anna F. , Wu Xun , Behera Ranjan K , Chen Minda , Zhou Lin , Liu Fudong , Wang Bin , Huang Wenyu , Zhang Sen , Qi Long 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a transformative technology to reduce the carbon footprint of modern society. Single‐site catalysts have been demonstrated as promising catalysts for CO2RR, but general synthetic methods for catalysts with high surface area and tunable single‐site metal composition still need to be developed to unambiguously investigate the structure–activity relationship crossing various metal sites. Here, a generalized coordination–condensation strategy is reported to prepare single‐atom metal sites on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with high surface areas (average 800 m2 g‐1). This method is applicable to a broad range of metal sites (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh) with loadings up to 4 wt.%. In particular, the CO2RR to carbon monoxide (CO) Faradaic efficiency (FE) with Ni single‐site OMC catalyst reaches 95%. This high FE is maintained even under large current density (>140 mA cm‐2) and in a long‐term study (14 h), which suits the urgently needed large‐scale applications. Theoretical calculations suggest that the enhanced activity on single‐atom Ni sites results from balanced binding energies between key intermediates, COOH and CO, for CO2RR, as mediated by the coordination sphere.
Smart proteolysis samplers for pre‐lab bottom‐up protein analysis – Performance of on‐paper digestion compared to conventional digestion
Authors: Nguyen Minh Thao , Halvorsen Trine Grønhaug , Thiede Bernd , Reubsaet Léon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere the relation between digestion of proteins by trypsin covalently bound to paper and trypsin in‐solution is investigated. The trypsin acting on paper is covalently bound. A trypsin concentration of 0.5% (w/v) results in the highest digestion activity of all concentrations tested. Additionally, it can be seen that trypsin on‐paper has retained approx. 50% of its activity. Unlike trypsin in‐solution, the stability of the smart proteolysis samplers was regarded to be stable for at least four months when kept refrigerated. Autolysis was very small for covalently bound trypsin: less than 2% compared to in‐solution trypsin. Proteomic analysis of diluted human serum showed more protein identifications (214) in‐solution digestions than on‐paper digestions (76). Also, higher coverage for the in‐solution digestion was obtained. Those proteins identified after on‐paper digestion with no or few disulfide bonds seem to have more similar sequence coverages compared to those identified after in‐solution digestion. Smart samplers allow the determination of at least 70–75 proteins without performing the overnight digestion. All in all, trypsin covalently bound to paper shows to retain high proteolytic activity and is a stable alternative for conventional digestions. In this way, smart proteolytic samplers show their feasibility in pre‐lab sample preparation.
Genomic compatibility and inheritance of hexaploid‐derived Fusarium head blight resistance genes in durum wheat
Authors: Zhu Xianwen , Boehm Jeffrey D. , Zhong Shaobin , Cai Xiwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHexaploid‐derived resistance genes exhibit complex inheritance and expression patterns in tetraploid backgrounds. This study aimed to characterize the inheritance patterns and genomic compatibilities of hexaploid‐derived Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance genes in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Evaluation of FHB resistance for F1 hybrids of hexaploid ‘Sumai 3’ crossed with tetraploid and hexaploid wheats indicated that Sumai 3‐derived FHB resistance genes exhibit a dominant phenotypic effect seen only in hexaploid hybrids. Alternately, the hexaploid‐derived FHB resistance genes from PI 277012 exhibited complete dominance in the crosses with both tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. FHB evaluation of the F1 hybrids of Sumai 3 and PI 277012 crossed with ‘Langdon’ (LDN)–‘Chinese Spring’ D‐genome substitution lines suggested that chromosomes 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 3A, 4A, 6A, and 7A contain genes that suppress expression of the Sumai 3‐derived FHB resistance, whereas chromosomes 4A, 6A, and 6B contain genes required for expression of PI 277012‐derived FHB resistance. A wide range of segregation for FHB severity (10–90%) was observed in the F2 generation of Sumai 3 crossed with durum cultivars LDN and ‘Divide’, but the distribution of F3 families derived from the most resistant F2 segregants was skewed towards susceptibility. Similar segregation trends were observed in the crosses of PI 277012 with other durum wheats, whereby FHB resistance became slightly diluted over successive generations. These results suggest tetraploid durum wheat contains the unique alleles at multiple gene loci on different chromosomes that positively and/or negatively regulate the expression of hexaploid‐derived FHB resistance genes, which complicate efforts to deploy these genes in durum breeding programs.
What is climate security? Framing risks around water, food, and migration in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Daoudy Marwa , Sowers Jeannie , Weinthal Erika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrom academics to practitioners, many voices have amplified an increasingly popular narrative posing a climate–conflict–migration nexus. This essay reviews the literature on climate security, exploring the human security impacts of climate change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) with particular attention to the scholarly literature on vulnerability and adaptation. It also examines the policy implications of discourses that frame water, food, and climate‐induced migration as security threats. This review highlights how incorporating human security perspectives from the fields of development and environmental justice into security studies more adequately illuminates complex issues of “climate security.” Drawing on the human security perspective, this review uses empirical material from the MENA to illustrate the enhanced analytical utility of moving beyond state‐based framings of climate security to include communal and individual well‐being. These alternative understandings of climate security offer promising venues for assessing differential vulnerability and adaptive capacities in the MENA region.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Human Water > Water Governance
Vibrational spectroscopy by means of first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ditler Edward , Luber Sandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVibrational spectroscopy is one of the most important experimental techniques for the characterization of molecules and materials. Spectroscopic signatures retrieved in experiments are not always easy to explain in terms of the structure and dynamics of the studied samples. Computational studies are a crucial tool for helping to understand and predict experimental results. Molecular dynamics simulations have emerged as an attractive method for the simulation of vibrational spectra because they explicitly treat the vibrational motion present in the compound under study, in particular in large and condensed systems, subject to complex intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. In this context, first‐principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) has been proven to provide an accurate realistic description of many compounds. This review article summarizes the field of vibrational spectroscopy by means of FPDM and highlights recent advances made such as the simulation of Infrared, vibrational circular dichroism, Raman, Raman optical activity, sum frequency generation, and nonlinear spectroscopies.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Are levator hiatal dimensions in mid-pregnancy associated with mode of delivery?
Authors: Bjerkholt Frøydis Folvik , Nyhus Maria Øyasæter , Mathew Seema , Volløyhaug Ingrid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Slow progress of labour is a risk for operative delivery. Smaller levator hiatal dimensions are possible risk factors for slow progress and operative delivery. Our aim was to explore associations between hiatal dimensions antenatally, duration of second stage of labour and mode of delivery.

Methods
Prospective cohort study of 65 nullipara examined at 20 weeks gestation and 6 months postpartum. Levator hiatal anteroposterior diameter and area were measured using 2D/3D transperineal ultrasound and compared between women with normal vaginal delivery and operative delivery (vacuum or caesarean) using t-test and with Spearman’s rank to explore correlations with duration of second stage. ROC analysis established a cut-off for high risk of operative delivery.

Results
Two-dimensional anteroposterior diameter and 3D hiatal area at rest were smaller in women with operative delivery than with normal delivery, 5.0 cm vs. 5.7 cm, p = 0.007 and 18.5 cm2 vs. 14.9 cm2, p < 0.001. From the ROC curve for 2D anteroposterior diameter, a cut-off of 5.6 cm, (sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.63) and for 3D hiatal area a cut-off of 17.6 cm2 (sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.65) predicted operative delivery. We found inverse correlations between second stage of labour and anteroposterior diameter at rest, r = −0.330, contraction, r = −0.365, area at rest, r = −0.324, and contraction, r = −0.521, all p < 0.05.

Conclusions
Smaller hiatal dimensions at 20 weeks gestation were associated with longer second stage of labour and increased risk of operative delivery in nullipara. A 2D anteroposterior hiatal diameter < 5.6 cm and 3D hiatal area < 17.6 cm2 at rest imply increased risk of operative delivery.
Biomechanical integrity score of the female pelvic floor
Authors: Egorov Vladimir , van Raalte Heather , Takacs Peter , Shobeiri S. Abbas , Lucente Vincent , Hoyte Lennox 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction and HypothesisThe aim of this study is to develop and validate a new integral parameter, the Biomechanical Integrity score (BI-score), for the characterization of the female pelvic floor.MethodsA total of 253 subjects with normal and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) conditions were included in the multi-site observational, case-control study; 125 subjects had normal pelvic floor conditions, and 128 subjects had POP stage II or higher. A Vaginal Tactile Imager (VTI) was used to acquire and automatically calculate 52 biomechanical parameters for eight VTI test procedures (probe insertion, elevation, rotation, Valsalva maneuver, voluntary muscle contractions in two planes, relaxation, and reflex contraction). Statistical methods were applied (t-test, correlation) to identify the VTI parameters sensitive to the pelvic conditions.ResultsTwenty-six parameters were identified as statistically sensitive to POP development. They were subdivided into five groups to characterize (1) tissue elasticity, (2) pelvic support, (3) pelvic muscle contraction, (4) involuntary muscle relaxation, and (5) pelvic muscle mobility. Every parameter was transformed to its standard deviation units against the patient age similar to T-score for bone density. Linear combinations with specified weights led to the composition of five component parameters for groups (1)–(5) and the BI-score in standard deviation units. Thep-value for the BI-score hasp = 4.3 × 10−31for POP versus normal conditions. A reference BI-score curve against age for normal pelvic floor conditions was defined.ConclusionsQuantitative transformations of the pelvic tissues, support structures, and functions under diseased conditions may be studied with the BI-score in future research and practical applications.
RGS3L allows for an M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated RhoA-dependent inotropy in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Levay Magdolna K. , Krobert Kurt A. , Vogt Andreas , Ahmad Atif , Jungmann Andreas , Neuber Christiane , Pasch Sebastian , Hansen Arne , Müller Oliver J. , Lutz Susanne , Wieland Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe role and outcome of the muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor (M2R) signaling in healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes is still a matter of debate. Here, we report that the long isoform of the regulator of G protein signaling 3 (RGS3L) functions as a switch in the muscarinic signaling, most likely of the M2R, in primary cardiomyocytes. High levels of RGS3L, as found in heart failure, redirect the Gi-mediated Rac1 activation into a Gi-mediated RhoA/ROCK activation. Functionally, this switch resulted in a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (− 50%) in cardiomyocytes and an inotropic response (+ 18%) in transduced engineered heart tissues. Importantly, we could show that an adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of RGS3L in rats in vivo, increased the contractility of ventricular strips by maximally about twofold. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this switch is mediated by a complex formation of RGS3L with the GTPase-activating protein p190RhoGAP, which balances the activity of RhoA and Rac1 by altering its substrate preference in cardiomyocytes. Enhancement of this complex formation could open new possibilities in the regulation of the contractility of the diseased heart.