bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing lactose recognition of a key enzyme in 2′‐fucosyllactose synthesis: α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferase
Authors: Liu Wenxian , Tang Shizhe , Peng Jing , Zhu Yuling , Pan Lina , Wang Jiaqi , Peng Xiaoyu , Cheng Haina , Chen Zhu , Wang Yuguang , Zhou Hongbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND2′‐Fucosyllactose, a representative oligosaccharide in human milk, is an emerging and promising food and pharmaceutical ingredient due to its powerful health benefits, such as participating in immune regulation, regulation of intestinal flora, etc.To enable economically viable production of 2′‐fucosyllactose, different biosynthesis strategies using precursors and pathway enzymes have been developed. The α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferases are an essential part involved in these strategies, but their strict substrate selectivity and unsatisfactory substrate tolerance are one of the key roadblocks limiting biosynthesis.RESULTSTo tackle this issue, a semi‐rational manipulation combining computer‐aided designing and screening with biochemical experiments were adopted. The mutant had a 100‐fold increase in catalytic efficiency compared to the wild‐type. The highest 2′‐fucosyllactose yield was up to 0.65 mol mol−1lactose with a productivity of 2.56 g mL−1 h−1performed by enzymatic catalysisin vitro. Further analysis revealed that the interactions between the mutant and substrates were reduced. The crucial contributions of wild‐type and mutant to substrate recognition ability were closely related to their distinct phylotypes in terms of amino acid preference.CONCLUSIONIt is envisioned that the engineered α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferase could be harnessed to relieve constraints imposed on the bioproduction of 2′‐fucosyllactose and lay a theoretical foundation for elucidating the substrate recognition mechanisms of fucosyltransferases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Partner outcomes from an uncontrolled trial of Couple HOPES: A guided online couple intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and relationship enhancement
Authors: Crenshaw Alexander O. , Whitfield Kristen M. , Collins Alexis , Valela Robert , Varma Sonya , Landy Meredith S. H. , Ip Jennifer , Donkin Victoria , Earle Elizabeth , Siegel Ashley , Samonas Christina , Bushe Julianne , Mensah Desiree H. , Xiang Angela , Doss Brian D. , Morland Leslie , Wagner Anne C. , Fitzpatrick Skye , Monson Candice M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant individual and relationship impairment for people with PTSD and their romantic partners. Conjoint treatments, such as cognitive behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD (CBCT), are designed to address individual and relationship factors, yet significant barriers impede accessing in‐person therapy. Couple HOPES (i.e., Helping Overcome PTSD and Enhance Satisfaction) is a coach‐guided, online couple intervention for PTSD based on CBCT that was designed to address these barriers. Previous investigations have found preliminary efficacy of Couple HOPES for improving PTSD symptoms, relationship functioning, and some individual functioning domains for the partner with probable PTSD. However, no study to date has tested individual outcomes for romantic partners, which is needed to fully evaluate the intervention's promise. The current study tested these partner outcomes in a combined, uncontrolled sample of 27 couples. Intent‐to‐intervene analyses found significant improvements at postintervention in four of eight tested outcomes, including ineffective arguing, g = 0.74; anger, g = 0.32; perceived health, g = 0.67; and quality of life, g = 0.56. Depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, alcohol misuse, and work functioning did not significantly change, gs = 0.17–0.42. Among participants who completed a 1‐month follow‐up assessment, generalized anxiety, g = 0.43, and perceived health, g = 0.73, significantly improved over follow‐up, whereas anger, g = ‐0.48, lost gains previously made. Results were largely consistent in the completer sample. These findings show the potential of Couple HOPES to have broad benefits not only for individuals with probable PTSD but also for their romantic partners.
Characteristics and modelling of sap flow of degraded Populus simonii in areas where the ecology is vulnerable
Authors: Dai Junjie , Zhao Ying , Wang Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant transpiration plays a crucial role in the water balance of forest stands and water yield in arid and semiarid ecosystems. However, our understanding of the characteristics and modeling of transpiration or sap flow of degraded plantations in vulnerable ecology areas is still limited. In this study, the sap flow velocity (SF) of Populus simonii under different categories of degradation (LD, lightly degraded; MD, moderately degraded; SD, seriously degraded) during the growing season in the water‐wind erosion crisscross region of the Chinese Loess Plateau was continuously monitored and estimated using the modified Jarvis‐Stewart (MJS), modified process‐based (MBTA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. We found that the daily SF of P. simonii under the three categories of degradation was significantly different (p < 0.05), and degradation degree was negatively correlated with SF. Soil water deficit significantly reduced SF (p < 0.05). Soil water conditions and P. simonii degradation change the peak time of SF rather than the startup time. Three models give good performance for simulating the daily SF of degraded P. simonii, especially the MJS model. The stress of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on SF first decreases and then increases with increasing VPD, and the VPD threshold is LD < MD < SD. The results provide a valuable reference for revealing the causes of degradation and assessing the drought resistance of plantation ecosystems in water‐limited areas.
Contrasting strategies to cope with storm‐induced erosion events: a flume study comparing a native vs. introduced bivalve
Authors: Wiesebron Lauren , Teeuw Lilian , van Dalen Jeroen , van Ijzerloo Lennart , Troost Karin , Walles Brenda , Ysebaert Tom , Bouma Tjeerd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStorm‐induced erosion events may alter the diversity of tidal flat communities by selecting species that can better tolerate such disturbances. Introduced and invasive species are highly adaptable to a wide range of abiotic characteristics, and this adaptability may make them better able to withstand erosion events. With a novel flume method, we compared the ability of two bivalve species to resist storm‐induced erosion: Cerastoderma edule, a native species to the Scheldt estuary in the Netherlands, and Ruditapes philippinarum, an introduced species that is successful in the Netherlands and worldwide. We used three sediment erosion rates to simulate storms of increasing severity. At the 10.6 and 15.9 cm h−1 sediment erosion rates, all R. philippinarum were surfaced, whereas only half C. edule were surfaced. However, after being brought to the sediment surface, C. edule were more readily transported by currents and waves than R. philippinarum due to differences in their shell shape. We concluded that the two bivalve species had different strategies to avoid mortality by severe storm erosion: C. edule avoided being surfaced and R. philippinarum avoided being transported. In this case, it appears that extreme storms favor the specific adaptations of a native species over the broad adaptability of a non‐indigenous one. Indeed, C. edule may be more likely to survive moderately extreme storms than R. philippinarum, though the most extreme storms would be equally devastating to both species.
Room‐Temperature Generation of Heralded Single Photons on Silicon Chip with Switchable Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Zhang Shan , Feng Xue , Zhang Wei , Cui Kaiyu , Liu Fang , Huang Yidong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn quantum optics, orbital angular momentum (OAM) is very promising to achieve high‐dimensional quantum states due to the nature of infinite and discrete eigenvalues, which is quantized by the topological charge of l. Here, a heralded single‐photon source with switchable OAM modes is proposed and demonstrated on silicon chip. At room temperature, the heralded single photons with 11 OAM modes (l = 2–6, −6 to −1) are successfully generated and switched through thermo‐optical effect. It is believed that such an integrated quantum source with multiple OAM modes and operating at room temperature can provide a practical platform for high‐dimensional quantum information processing. Moreover, this proposed architecture can also be extended to other material systems to further improve the performance of OAM quantum source.
Light‐Induced Cold Marangoni Flow for Microswarm Actuation: From Intelligent Behaviors to Collective Drug Delivery
Authors: Shi Yang , Wang Danning , Xiao Yuqing , Pan Ting , Lu Dengyun , Zhu Guoshuai , Xiong Jianyun , Li Baojun , Xin Hongbao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicroswarms have shown great potential in biomedical applications at small scales due to their features of wireless actuation and collective microrobotic behaviors. However, actuation of microswarms with strong universality and intelligent biomimetic behaviors is always a great challenge. Here, photothermal damage‐free actuation of an intelligent microswarm based on light‐induced cold Marangoni flow (CMF) is reported, along with collective drug delivery and targeted cell chemotherapy. This microswarm actuation shows strong universality and high controllability for both abiotic particles and living materials. Importantly, this microswarm exhibits intelligent biomimetic behaviors, such as collective migration, size‐based self‐organization, and group rejection, due to the synergy between cold flow with individual agents. The distinctive photothermal isolation capability of CMF ensures the microswarm to perform photothermal damage‐free biomedical tasks such as collective gene delivery and targeted single‐cell chemotherapy. This light‐induced CMF provides an optical strategy for photothermal damage‐free actuation of intelligent biomimetic microswarm robots, with great promises to perform many collective and cognitive tasks in biomedical applications such as cooperative grasping, collective drug delivery, and precise chemotherapy.
Elastic and Conductive Melanin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Hydrogel for Enhancing Repair Effect on Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Guan Haien , Liu Jianing , Liu Dan , Ding Chengbin , Zhan Jiamian , Hu Xiaofang , Zhang Peng , Wang Leyu , Lan Qiaofeng , Qiu Xiaozhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeart failure caused by acute myocardial infarction (MI) still remains the main cause of death worldwide. Development of conductive hydrogels provided a promising approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, the therapeutic potential of these hydrogels is still limited by material toxicity or low conductivity. The latter directly affects the coupling and the propagation of electrical signals between cells. Here, a functional conductive hydrogel by combining hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with conductive melanin nanoparticles under physical crosslinking conditions is prepared. The composite hydrogels prepared by a facile fabrication process of five freeze/thaw cycles possessed satisfying mechanical properties and conductivity close to those of the natural heart. The physical properties and biocompatibility are evaluated in vitro experiments, showing that the introduction of melanin particles successfully improved the elasticity, conductivity, and cell adhesion of PVA hydrogel. In vivo, the composite hydrogels can enhance the cardiac repair effect by reducing MI area, slowing down ventricular wall thinning, and promoting the vascularization of infarct area in MI rat model. It is believed that the melanin/PVA composite hydrogel may be a suitable candidate material for MI repair.
Substituent‐Controlled Energetics and Barriers of Mechanochromic Spiropyran‐Functionalized Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)
Authors: Kempe Fabian , Metzler Lukas , Brügner Oliver , Buchheit Hannah , Walter Michael , Komber Hartmut , Sommer Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a joint theoretical and experimental study, it is shown that the onset of the mechanically‐induced spiropyran (SP) to merocyanine (MC) isomerization can be controlled by both the regiochemistry and the substitution pattern of SP. Four SP‐based bifunctional initiators with consistently varied polymer chain anchor point and substituent are used to synthesize poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL). Theoretical calculations (1S and 3S COGEF methods) and in‐situ visible light absorption measurements of films during uniaxial stress–strain experiments consistently show varying activation barriers of the force‐induced ring‐opening reaction of SP to give MC. SPs with PCL chains attached in ortho‐position to the pyran oxygen isomerize at lower stress than their para‐analogs. NO2‐substituted SP mechanophores exhibit a lower activation barrier compared with H‐substituted ones, but only if the NO2 substituent is located in para‐position relative to the O at the pyran half. These results are consistent with theoretical loading rate‐dependent rupture forces required to break the CO bond of SP and may guide mechanophore design.
The influence of religiosity on consumers' evaluations of brands using artificial intelligence
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. , Kaplan Begum , Cabano Frank G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrior research is limited that examines how consumers respond to artificial intelligence (AI) used by businesses and in marketing. Specifically, more research is needed that explores which consumers are more likely to support AI use in marketing as well as why this occurs to develop targeted marketing campaigns toward these consumers. Through three studies, our research addresses these gaps by testing the role of religiosity on AI evaluations. Study 1 shows that religiosity positively influences perceptions of AI in marketing, which is mediated by greater trust in AI. Study 2 primes religiosity to demonstrate the causality of the effects, showing that consumers exposed to a religiosity prime more positively evaluate companies and their employees when AI is used. Study 3 then better confirms the underlying mechanisms of these effects using a virtual conversational agent context by showing that higher religiosity consumers are more trusting of the unseen, which leads to greater trust of a company, and ultimately positively influences evaluations of companies using AI. We contribute to belief congruence theory in identifying the role of trust (specifically trust in the unseen related to AI) in the belief‐behavior relationship. We also identify how marketers can use religious cues to increase trust in AI in marketing.
Clinical preferences and treatment attitudes among urologists, gynecologists, and geriatricians: An independent online questionnaire survey for comparison of treatment choices in the management of overactive bladder
Authors: Onur Rahmi , Bayrak Ömer , Coşkun Burhan , Tahra Ahmet , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Buyuran Gorkem , Mega Ertunc , Gungor Ugurlucan Funda , Ozturk Gulistan Bahat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveOveractive bladder (OAB) is a common clinical problem with associated morbidities both in men and women. Although real‐life management strategies have been examined among urologists (URO), treatment choices may differ between different specialties. In the present study, an online survey was conducted to determine and compare the management strategies and clinical preferences of UROs, obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYN), and geriatricians (GER) in the treatment of OAB in their daily practices.MethodsBetween December 2020 and February 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to URO, OB/GYN, and GER specialists/residents. Current strategies and attitudes toward treatment of OAB in patients <65 years were compared between URO and OB/GYN, whereas the responses were compared between all three specialties in patients ≥65 years.ResultsA total of 733 specialists/physicians (433 URO, 236 OB/GYN, and 64 GER) completed the online survey. Patients with OAB were more likely to present to URO compared to OB/GYN and GER (p = 0.001). A combination of behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy (antimuscarinics and/or beta‐3 agonists) were chosen for the initial treatment of patients with OAB in both specialties with a significantly higher proportion by URO than by OB/GYN (51.9% vs. 38.1%; p = 0.001). Antimuscarinics were the most frequently prescribed medications by both the URO and OB/GYN specialties (81.8% vs. 78.4%; p = 0.27). Combination therapy with antimuscarinics was preferred more often by URO (91.5% vs. 77.1%; p = 0.001) when no or an inadequate response after initial treatment occurred. Multiple medication use, comorbidities, and risk of cognitive side effects affected medication preference by all specialists, especially by GER (p = 0.018).ConclusionsPatients with OAB present to UROs, OB/GYN and GER more frequently compared to other specialities. Although antimuscarinics and beta‐3 adrenoceptor agonists are equally recommended as first‐line pharmacotherapy for OAB, antimuscarinics were preferred for most patients as the initial molecule by all specialties. Beta‐3 agonists are increasingly preferred for elderly patients.
Exercise for preventing falls in post‐stroke patients: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Xu Ke , Sun Yuyan , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Yan Fang , Tang Siyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFalls are a great concern for poststroke patients. Various interventions have been developed over the past few decades to prevent falls. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remains to be investigated. These authors aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on the prevention of poststroke falls. CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the prevention of falls after stroke from inception to September 2021. The primary result was the number of falls. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for all studies. In Stata 15.1, the effects of multiple interventions were compared using Bayesian networks. A total of 15 RCTs with 8 kinds of exercise interventions were included. Balance training (BT) was the most effective way to prevent falls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.46, p < 0.05). Moreover, cognition and movement multitask training (CMM) (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.09–0.96, p < 0.05); Multimodal Exercise (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11–0.84, p < 0.05) and Resistance Exercise (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15–0.84, p < 0.05) were ranked as second, third and fourth most effective, respectively. The effect of Walking‐based Intervention was the worst (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 0.57–4.67, p > 0.05). BT and CMM are the preferred exercise interventions for the prevention of poststroke falls. A further investigation is needed to compare the effectiveness between BT and CMM for populations at high risk of falling after stroke.
Electrospun poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone)/gelatin core–shell nanofibers encapsulated with doxorubicin hydrochloride as a drug delivery system
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Lei , Huang Yifan , Hou Chao , Xin Binjie , Li Tingxiao , Jiang Qian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvanced application of coaxial electrospinning nanofibers in controlled drug release systems has gathered much attention since they have had a tunable structure for tailored release of drugs, including various proteins, growth factors, antibacterial and anticancer agents. The composite polymer poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) blended with gelatin (GE) was used as the shell material to electrospin core–shell nanofibers. Model drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was encapsulated in the core layers. The morphology and core–shell structure were evaluated by SEM and TEM respectively. The existence of DOX in the inner part of DOX/PLCL/GE nanofibers could be proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results. The water contact angle test results indicated that DOX/PLCL/GE nanofibers all possess good hydrophilicity with water contact angles as low as 51.2°. The in vitro release results indicated that the DOX/PLCL/GE nanofibers showed a sustained release profile for 480 h. The fitting results showed that the release kinetics of DOX from nanofibers was consistent with a Ritger–Peppas model, presenting a typical Fickian diffusion mechanism. Overall, the DOX/PLCL/GE core–shell nanofibers showed regulable mechanical properties and could be used as a promising drug release system for drug sustained release and tissue engineering. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
PASS neurocognitive assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Otero Tulio M. , Naglieri Jack A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges yet it is defined and diagnosed by the absence or presence of behaviors described in, for example, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5. Descriptions of the disorder include symptoms such as intellectual impairment or a neurodevelopmental disorder. In this study, we examined the pattern of scores obtained for individuals with ASD in comparison to those with specific learning disability (SLD; reading decoding) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across several traditional intelligence and neurocognitive tests. We anticipated, and found, that the profile for students with ASD (a specific weakness in attention) was observed and that pattern was different for the SLD and ADHD samples.
“Everyone has their story”: Intergroup dialogue's potential to cultivate connection through the sharing of migration narratives
Authors: Castro Elena Maker , Medina Christian , Suárez‐Orozco Carola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmigrant‐origin (I‐O) youth face increasing anti‐immigrant rhetoric in the United States, including in their schools. School‐based intergroup dialogue programming may help I‐O youth and their peers build a more inclusionary culture. We qualitatively examined how I‐O youth and their peers experienced a week‐long school‐wide intergroup dialogue program that aimed to foster connection among participants at a Northeastern high school. Participants’ (N = 159) experience in the program were analyzed using post‐program reflections. Participants were 53% female and 74% underclassmen; 59% Latinx, 14% Black, 13% multiracial, 9% White, and 5% Asian and Middle Eastern; generationally, 54% identified as second‐generation immigrants, 38% as nonimmigrant origin, and 8% as first‐generation. Participation in the program produced mixed results. For many, participation led to a greater sense of connection; youth reported that they learned about their peers, the immigrant experience, and sometimes, themselves. Connection was especially fostered among the dominant demographic groups in the school: second‐generation and Latinx youth. Learning about others was less likely to cultivate connections when participants could not relate their own experiences, and at times even made participants feel more different from their peers. Intergroup dialogue has the potential to foster connection when participants are able to relate across experiences.