bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a new deep-learning-based reconstruction algorithm on image quality in ultra-high-resolution CT: clinical observational and phantom studies
Authors: Sakai Yuki , Hida Tomoyuki , Matsuura Yuko , Kamitani Takeshi , Onizuka Yasuhiro , Shirasaka Takashi , Kato Toyoyuki , Ishigami Kousei 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
To demonstrate the effect of an improved deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) algorithm on Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography (U-HRCT) scanners.

Methods:
Clinical and phantom studies were conducted. Thirty patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examination during the follow-up period were enrolled. Images were reconstructed using improved DLR [termed, New DLR, i.e., Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine (AiCE) Body Sharp] and conventional DLR (Conv DLR, AiCE Body) algorithms. Two radiologists assessed the overall image quality using a 5-point scale (5 = excellent; 1 = unacceptable). The noise power spectra (NPSs) were calculated to assess the frequency characteristics of the image noise, and the square root of area under the curve (√AUC NPS) between 0.05 and 0.50 cycle/mm was calculated as an indicator of the image noise. Dunnett’s test was used for statistical analysis of the visual evaluation score, with statistical significance set at p &lt; 0.05.

Results:
The overall image quality of New DLR was better than that of the Conv DLR (4.2 ± 0.4 and 3.3 ± 0.4, respectively; p &lt; 0.0001). All New DLR images had an overall image quality score above the average or excellent. The √AUCNPS value of New DLR was lower than that of Conv DLR (13.8 and 14.2, respectively). The median values of reconstruction time required with New DLR and Conv DLR were 5.0 and 7.8 min, respectively.

Conclusions:
The new DLR algorithm improved the image quality within a practical reconstruction time.

Advances in knowledge:
The new DLR enables us to choose whether to improve image quality or reduce the dose.
Research Software vs. Research Data I: Towards a Research Data definition in the Open Science context
Authors: Gomez-Diaz Teresa , Recio Tomas 
Published: November 2022

Background: Research Software is a concept that has been only recently clarified. In this paper we address the need for a similar enlightenment concerning the Research Data concept. Methods: Our contribution begins by reviewing the Research Software definition, which includes the analysis of software as a legal concept, followed by the study of its production in the research environment and within the Open Science framework. Then we explore the challenges of a data definition and some of the Research Data definitions proposed in the literature. Results: We propose a Research Data concept featuring three characteristics: the data should be produced (collected, processed, analyzed, shared & disseminated) to answer a scientific question, by a scientific team, and has yield a result published or disseminated in some article or scientific contribution of any kind. Conclusions: The analysis of this definition and the context in which it is proposed provides some answers to the Borgman’s conundrum challenges, that is, which Research Data might be shared, by whom, with whom, under what conditions, why, and to what effects. They are completed with answers to the questions: how? and where?
Assessment of Study Habit Skills and Peergroup Influence on Pupils Academic Performance in Mathematics in Lagos Division Nigeria
Authors: Lasbat Badamas Omoshalewa , Olatunji Balagun Abdulrasaq , O. Uyanne Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

Background: Technology is the mainstay of any societal development and Mathematics is seen as a tool for the community to achieve it. However, pupils’ performance in Mathematics have not been encouraging and this has been the concern of education stakeholders in the community.
Contribution: This study therefore assessed the study habit and peer group influence on pupils’ performance in mathematics.
Method: The sample comprised 450 basic-six pupils. Questionnaire and test were used to gather data. Research questions were answered using mean while research hypotheses were tested using PPMC.
Results: Finding revealed that there was no significant relationship between study habit skills and pupils’ performance in Mathematics and there was significant relationship between peer group influence and pupils’ academic performance in Mathematics.

Conclusion: It was recommended that schools should organize programmes for pupils to develop good study habit and to wary of the friends to be kept
Cost-utility analysis of surgical fixation with Kirschner wire versus casting after fracture of the distal radius
Authors: Png May Ee , Petrou Stavros , Achten Juul , Ooms Alexander , Lamb Sarah E. , Hedley Helen , Dias Joseph , Costa Matthew L. ,   on behalf of DRAFFT2 trial collaborators
Published: November 2022

AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of surgical fixation with Kirschner (K-)wire ersus moulded casting after manipulation of a fracture of the distal radius in an operating theatre setting.MethodsAn economic evaluation was conducted based on data collected from the Distal Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial 2 (DRAFFT2) multicentre randomized controlled trial in the UK. Resource use was collected at three, six, and 12 months post-randomization using trial case report forms and participant-completed questionnaires. Cost-effectiveness was reported in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained from an NHS and personal social services perspective. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of cost-effectiveness estimates, and decision uncertainty was handled using confidence ellipses and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.ResultsIn the base case analysis, surgical fixation with K-wire was more expensive (£29.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) -94.85 to 154.15)) and generated lower QALYs (0.007 (95% CI -0.03 to 0.016)) than moulded casting, but this difference was not statistically significant. The probability of K-wire being cost-effective at a £20,000 per QALY cost-effectiveness threshold was 24%. The cost-effectiveness results remained robust in the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThe findings suggest that surgical fixation with K-wire is unlikely to be a cost-effective alternative to a moulded cast in adults, following manipulation of a fracture of the distal radius in a theatre setting. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(11):1225–1233.
The type of cervical disc herniation on MRI does not correlate to clinical outcomes
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Arts Mark P. , Bartels Ronald H. M. A. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A. 
Published: November 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether the type of cervical disc herniation influences the severity of symptoms at the time of presentation, and the outcome after surgical treatment. Methods The type and extent of disc herniation at the time of presentation in 108 patients who underwent anterior discectomy for cervical radiculopathy were analyzed on MRI, using a four-point scale. These were dichotomized into disc bulge and disc herniation groups. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Neck Disability Index (NDI), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain in the neck and arm at baseline and two years postoperatively. The perceived recovery was also assessed at this time. Results At baseline, 46 patients had a disc bulge and 62 had a herniation. There was no significant difference in the mean NDI and SF-36 between the two groups at baseline. Those in the disc bulge group had a mean NDI of 44.6 (SD 15.2) compared with 43.8 (SD 16.0) in the herniation group (p = 0.799), and a mean SF-36 of 59.2 (SD 6.9) compared with 59.4 (SD 7.7) (p = 0.895). Likewise, there was no significant difference in the incidence of disabling arm pain in the disc bulge and herniation groups (84% vs 73%; p = 0.163), and no significant difference in the incidence of disabling neck pain in the two groups (70.5% (n = 31) vs 63% (n = 39); p = 0.491). At two years after surgery, no significant difference was found in any of the clinical parameters between the two groups. Conclusion In patients with cervical radiculopathy, the type and extent of disc herniation measured on MRI prior to surgery correlated neither to the severity of the symptoms at presentation, nor to clinical outcomes at two years postoperatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(11):1242–1248.
Simulation Of Neutron Contamination In 6, 8, 10, 15, 18 and 25 MV Voltage Linac Device Using The Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin , Haryadi Aris , Haryanto Bejo 
Published: November 2022

<p>A research on neutron contamination in LINAC device has been carried out using a Monte Carlo method. The simulation is based on the Siemens Primus LINAC machine model whose component consists of target, primary collimator, flattening filter and secondary collimator as its main components. A neutron contamination examination was carried out using a 10 x 10 cm radiation field and a 100 cm SSD. Subsequently, at a distance of 100 cm from the X-ray source, a water phantom is placed. Investigation of the presence of contaminants was carried out the LINAC operating voltages of 6, 8, 10, 15, 18 and 25 MV. The simulation results show that neutron contamination occurs due to the interaction of photons with the components of the LINAC device, namely the primary collimator, flattening filter and secondary collimator. The operating voltages that can produce neutron contaminant start at 10 MV. Increase in the voltage of the LINAC device causes consequent increase in neutron flux. Such increase in neutron flux has the potential to increase therapeutic dose.</p>
Returning to surgical training from parental leave
Authors: Kent FH , Stephens M , Allery L 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Surveys have indicated that medical trainees report anxiety about returning to training from parental leave but the experiences of surgical trainees have not been investigated previously. Evidence from non-clinical industry suggests that their skills may fade significantly. Methods Using qualitative research methodology, this study looked at the experiences of surgical trainees returning to training from parental leave to a deanery where no specific support is currently offered. Results All trainees reported anxieties about returning to training and issues with low confidence on their return. Their surgical skills returned quicker than they expected, regardless of stage of training or type of skill. All wished for greater support for returning trainees. Conclusions Low confidence is the main impediment to trainees returning to surgical training after parental leave. However, contrary to the literature, surgical trainees can be reassured that their surgical skills are unlikely to be negatively affected for any significant period of time after a break from training. In addition, the confidence of returning surgical trainees should be increased by awareness of the advantages and enhanced skills they are likely to have on their return to training.
How to make the perfect tweet: factors that affect the retweetability of surgical research
Authors: Mahendran A , Perin G , Baker M , Hanton A , Lumley E , Saha A 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Twitter is a powerful social media platform for sharing information. Retweets allow users to reach a wider audience quickly. They can affect the visibility of research, potentially opening up access to funding resources and grants. Authors should therefore adopt strategies to maximise the social media presence of their publications. Our aim was to determine which tweet and Twitter account related factors affect the ‘retweetability’ of surgical publications. Methods All papers published in print in 2019 in the Annals of Surgery, the British Journal of Surgery and JAMA Surgery were selected. Each paper’s first appearance on Twitter was identified, and characteristics of the posting Twitter account and the tweet itself were analysed. The association between these characteristics and the number of retweets was then investigated. Results A total of 413 papers were selected. The median number of retweets was 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0–10). The median number of likes was 6 (IQR: 1–17). The first tweet created about a paper was usually from a reader (42%), with only a minority created by the journal (17%) or the authors (20%). In multivariate analysis, use of visual abstracts (p < 0.001), hashtags (p = 0.004), pictures (p < 0.001) and authors as creators of the original tweet (p < 0.001) were predictive of increased retweetability. Use of visual abstracts did not increase retweetability compared with pictures (p = 0.205) Conclusions Authors should create the first post on social media to improve engagement with their papers. In order to make the research more widely shared, such tweets should use visual abstracts or pictures and relevant hashtags, and should avoid solely posting the paper title.
Continuous terahertz omnidirectional beam steering by dual diffraction of metagratings
Authors: Cheng Jie-Rong , Yang Yang , Chen Sai , Wen Qi-Ye , Ji Yun-Yun , Fan Fei , Chang Sheng-Jiang 
Published: November 2022

Dynamic beam steering with unlimited angular range and fast speed remains a challenge in the terahertz gap, which is urgently needed for next-generation target tracking, wireless communications, and imaging applications. Different from metasurface phased arrays with element-level phase control, here we steer the beam by globally engineering the diffraction of two cascaded metagratings during in-plane rotation. Benefiting from large-angle diffraction and flexible on/off control of the diffraction channels, a pair of metagratings with optimized supercells and proper orientation successfully directs the incoming beam towards any arbitrary direction over the transmission half space, with the steering speed improved more than twice that of the small-angle diffractive designs. Single-beam and dual-beam steering within the solid angle of

1.56
π

and elevation angle of

±
77
°

has been demonstrated with average throughput efficiency of 41.4% at 0.14 THz, which can be generalized to multiple-beam cases. The dual diffraction engineering scheme offers a clear physical picture for beamforming and greatly simplifies the device structure, with additional merits of large aperture and low power consumption.
Investigating sentence processing and working memory in patients with mild Alzheimer and elderly people
Authors: Nasiri Maryam , Moayedfar Saeideh , Purmohammad Mehdi , Ghasisin Leila 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Linguistic disorders are one of the common problems in Alzheimer’s disease, which in recent years has been considered as one of the key parameters in the diagnosis of Alzheimer (AD). Given that changes in sentence processing and working memory and the relationship between these two activities may be a diagnostic parameter in the early and preclinical stages of AD, the present study examines the comprehension and production of sentences and working memory in AD patients and healthy aged people.

Methods
Twenty-five people with mild Alzheimer’s and 25 healthy elderly people participated in the study. In this study, we used the digit span to evaluate working memory. Syntactic priming and sentence completion tasks in canonical and non-canonical conditions were used for evaluating sentence production. We administered sentence picture matching and cross-modal naming tasks to assess sentence comprehension.

Results
The results of the present study revealed that healthy elderly people and patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease have a significant difference in comprehension of relative clause sentences (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in comprehension of simple active, simple active with noun phrase and passive sentences (P> 0.05). They had a significant difference in auditory and visual reaction time (P <0.05). Also there was a significant difference between the two groups in syntactic priming and sentence completion tasks. However, in non-canonical condition of sentence completion, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that the mean scores related to comprehension, production and working memory in people with mild Alzheimer’s were lower than healthy aged people, which indicate sentence processing problems at this level of the disease. People with Alzheimer have difficulty comprehending and producing complex syntactic structures and have poorer performance in tasks that required more memory demands. It seems that the processing problems of these people are due to both working memory and language problems, which are not separate from each other and both are involved in.
Factors associated with ART adherence among HIV-positive adherence club members in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ndoro Tariro , Ndlovu Ntombizodwa , Nyasulu Peter 
Published: November 2022

Background
HIV is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa that can be managed using antiretroviral therapy (ART). Adherence clubs are interventions that have been introduced to decentralize ART to improve ART adherence and provide social support for club members. However, ART adherence can be suboptimal even among adherence club members.

Aim
This study aimed to determine the factors affecting ART adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending adherence clubs in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. Ordinal logistic regression was used in univariable and multivariable analyses to determine factors significantly associated with adherence scores. Factors included in the final model were age, comorbidity, ART regimen and club membership duration.

Results
The records of 730 participants were analysed. After adjusting for age, participants with comorbidities were half as likely to report high ART adherence scores compared to participants without comorbidities (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8, p = 0.005). The adjusted odds of reporting high levels of adherence among participants on cART were 1.8 times those on a single tablet regimen (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.2; p = 0.033). There was a 20% reduction in the adjusted odds of reporting high ART adherence for each additional year of adherence club membership (AOR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8–0.9, p<0.001).

Conclusion
Increasing years spent as adherence club members, single tablet ART regimens and the presence of comorbidities were all significantly associated with low ART adherence among study participants. Regular assessment of the quality of counselling sessions for ART adherence club members and questionnaires for early screening of treatment fatigue have been suggested as tools for improved adherence in ART adherence club settings.
Using drones to transport suspected COVID-19 samples; experiences from the second largest testing centre in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Sylverken Augustina Angelina , Owusu Michael , Agbavor Bernadette , Kwarteng Alex , Ayisi-Boateng Nana Kwame , Ofori Patrick , El-Duah Philip , Yeboah Richmond , Aryeetey Sherihane , Addo Asamoah Jesse , Ekekpi Rita Ziem , Oppong Morrah , Gorman Richmond , Brempong Kofi Adjei , Nyarko-Afriyie Emmanuella , Owusu Bonsu Felix , Larsen-Reindorf Rita , Rockson Adjei Michael , Boateng Gifty , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Sarkodie Badu , Laryea Dennis O. , Tinkorang Emmanuel , Kumah Aboagye Patrick , Nsiah Asare Anthony , Obiri-Danso Kwasi , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Adu-Sarkodie Yaw , Phillips Richard Odame 
Published: November 2022

Background
The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11 2020, by the World Health Organisation prompted the need for a sustained and a rapid international response. In a swift response, the Government of Ghana, in partnership with Zipline company, launched the use of Unmanned Automated Vehicles (UAV) to transport suspected samples from selected districts to two foremost testing centres in the country. Here, we present the experiences of employing this technology and its impact on the transport time to the second largest testing centre, the Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR) in Kumasi, Ghana.

Methods
Swab samples collected from suspected COVID-19 patients were transported to the Zipline office by health workers. Information on the samples were sent to laboratory personnel located at KCCR through a WhatsApp platform to get them ready to receive the suspected COVID-19 samples while Zipline repackaged samples and transported them via drone. Time of take-off was reported as well as time of drop-off.

Results
A total of 2537 COVID-19 suspected samples were received via drone transport from 10 districts between April 2020 to June 2021 in 440 deliveries. Ejura-Sekyedumase District Health Directorate delivered the highest number of samples (765; 30%). The farthest district to use the drone was Pru East, located 270 km away from KCCR in Kumasi and 173 km to the Zipline office in Mampong. Here, significantly, it took on the average 39 minutes for drones to deliver samples compared to 117 minutes spent in transporting samples by road (p<0.001).

Conclusion
The use of drones for sample transport during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the travel time taken for samples to be transported by road to the testing site. This has enhanced innovative measures to fight the pandemic using technology.
A novel combination of corneal confocal microscopy, clinical features and artificial intelligence for evaluation of ocular surface pain
Authors: Kundu Gairik , Shetty Rohit , D’Souza Sharon , Khamar Pooja , Nuijts Rudy M. M. A. , Sethu Swaminathan , Roy Abhijit Sinha 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
To analyse various corneal nerve parameters using confocal microscopy along with systemic and orthoptic parameters in patients presenting with ocular surface pain using a random forest artificial intelligence (AI) model.

Design
Observational, cross-sectional.

Methods
Two hundred forty eyes of 120 patients with primary symptom of ocular surface pain or discomfort and control group of 60 eyes of 31 patients with no symptoms of ocular pain were analysed. A detailed ocular examination included visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp and fundus. All eyes underwent laser scanning confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) and their nerve parameters were evaluated. The presence or absence of orthoptic issues and connective tissue disorders were included in the AI. The eyes were grouped as those (Group 1) with symptom grade higher than signs, (Group 2) with similar grades of symptoms and signs, (Group3) without symptoms but with signs, (Group 4) without symptoms and signs. The area under curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision and F1-score were evaluated.

Results
Over all, the AI achieved an AUC of 0.736, accuracy of 86%, F1-score of 85.9%, precision of 85.6% and recall of 86.3%. The accuracy was the highest for Group 2 and least for Group 3 eyes. The top 6 parameters used for classification by the AI were microneuromas, immature and mature dendritic cells, presence of orthoptic issues and nerve fractal dimension parameter.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that various corneal nerve parameters, presence or absence of systemic and orthoptic issues coupled with AI can be a useful technique to understand and correlate the various clinical and imaging parameters of ocular surface pain.
Music Business Careers: Career Duality in the Creative Industries, Cheryl Slay Carr (2019)
Authors: Missena Sol Elisa Martinez 
Published: November 2022

Review of: Music Business Careers: Career Duality in the Creative Industries, Cheryl Slay Carr (2019)
New York and London: Routledge, 220 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13848-227-2, p/bk, $37.56