bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Phototransistors by Alumina Encapsulation of a 2D Semiconductor with Self‐Aligned Contacts
Authors: Liang Guangda , Wang Yiming , Zhang Jiawei , Kudrynskyi Zakhar R. , Kovalyuk Zakhar , Patanè Amalia , Xin Qian , Song Aimin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract2D semiconductors are promising candidates for next generation electronics and optoelectronics. However, their exposure to air and/or resists during device fabrication can cause considerable degradation of material quality, hindering their study and exploitation. Here, field effect transistors (FETs) are designed and fabricated by encapsulation of the 2D semiconductor indium selenide (InSe) with alumina (Al2O3) and by self‐aligned electrical contacts. The Al2O3‐film is grown directly on InSe immediately after its exfoliation to provide a protecting capping layer during and after device fabrication. The InSe‐FETs exhibit a high electron mobility of up to ≈103 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature for a 4‐nm‐thick InSe layer, a low contact resistance (down to 0.18 kΩ) and a high, fast, and broad‐band photoresponsivity. The photoresponsivity depends on the InSe‐layer thickness and photon wavelength, reaching a value of up to 108 A W−1 in the visible spectral range, at least one order of magnitude larger than previously reported for similar photodetectors. The proposed fabrication is scalable and suitable for high‐precision pattern definition. It could be extended to other 2D materials and multilayer structures where alumina could also provide effective screening of the electric field induced by polar molecules and/or charged impurities present near the surface of the 2D layer.
Reconfigurable InSe Electronics with van der Waals Integration
Authors: Hu Siqi , Luo Xiaoguang , Xu Jinpeng , Zhao Qinghua , Cheng Yingchun , Wang Tao , Jie Wanqi , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres , Gan Xuetao , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a 2D semiconductor, indium selenide (InSe) has shown great potentials in electronic and optoelectronic applications attributed to high carrier mobility and moderately large bandgap. However, switchable doping polarity of intrinsic InSe by electrical gating is not yet demonstrated, which is essential for applications in complementary electronics. In this work, the ambipolarity of InSe is realized and exploited through the van der Waals (vdW) integration with metal electrodes, which gets rid of the Fermi‐level pinning at the metal/semiconductor interfaces. On this basis, InSe field‐effect transistors (FETs) with controllable polarities are reconfigured with a dual‐gate structure, functioning as both unipolar FETs and p–n diodes. The p‐ and n‐type operations of the unipolar FETs are dynamically switched with on–off ratios of 106 and 109, respectively. Meanwhile, p–n diodes with a rectification ratio of 106 and high photodetection performance are also demonstrated. This work paves a promising way for InSe‐based reconfigurable complementary electronics and optoelectronics.
Polymer‐Based Composites for Engineering Organic Memristive Devices
Authors: Prado‐Socorro Carlos David , Giménez‐Santamarina Silvia , Mardegan Lorenzo , Escalera‐Moreno Luis , Bolink Henk J. , Cardona‐Serra Salvador , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMemristive materials play a key role in the development of neuromorphic technology given that they can combine information processing with volatile or nonvolatile memory storage in a single computational component. Both functionalities are strictly required for the design and implementation of neuromorphic circuits. Many of these bioinspired materials emulate the characteristics of memory and learning processes that happen in the brain. The memristive properties of a two‐terminal (2‐T) organic device based on ionic migration mediated by an ion‐transport polymer are reported here. The material possesses unique memristive properties: it is reversibly switchable, shows tens of conductive states, presents Hebbian learning demonstrated by spiking time dependent plasticity, and behaves with both short‐ and long‐term memory in a single device. The origin and synergy of both learning phenomena are theoretically explained by means of the chemical interaction between ionic electrolytes and the ion‐conductive mediator. Further discussion on the transport mechanism is included to explain the dynamic behavior of these ionic devices under a variable electric field. This polymer‐based composite as an outstanding neuromorphic material is proposed for being tunable, cheap, flexible, easy to process, reproducible, and more biocompatible than their inorganic analogs.
Permeability and selectivity analysis for affinity‐based nanoparticle separation through nanochannels
Authors: Yu Hongping , Wang Zhichao , Long Ting , Li Yu , Thushara Dilantha , Bao Bo , Zhao Shuangliang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhereas the separation by surface affinity represents an advanced technique for the separation of nanoparticles with distinct surface properties, how the interaction of particles with nanochannel impacts the separation performance is less understood. Herein, the dynamical density functional theory is employed to study the separation of two types of similar‐sized particles with different surface affinities within nanochannels. We show that a proper design of the channel inner‐surface, which attracts one type of particles while repelling the other, can promote the permeability and selectivity of particles. Meanwhile, the trade‐off relations between permeability and selectivity are found and analyzed in nanochannels of different sizes. Based on dynamical density functional theory calculations, an extended model relating permeability to the equilibrium partition coefficient is proposed to analyze the permeability and selectivity, which displays good predictions of the transport of charged particles in comparison with experimental results. This work provides helpful insights for designing an efficient affinity‐based separation of nanoparticles process through nanochannels.
Late‐life physical activity relates to brain tissue synaptic integrity markers in older adults
Authors: Casaletto Kaitlin , Ramos‐Miguel Alfredo , VandeBunte Anna , Memel Molly , Buchman Aron , Bennett David , Honer William 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionPhysical activity (PA) is widely recommended for age‐related brain health, yet its neurobiology is not well understood. Animal models indicate PA is synaptogenic. We examined the relationship between PA and synaptic integrity markers in older adults.MethodsFour hundred four decedents from the Rush Memory and Aging Project completed annual actigraphy monitoring (Mean visits = 3.5±2.4) and post mortem evaluation. Brain tissue was analyzed for presynaptic proteins (synaptophysin, synaptotagmin‐1, vesicle‐associated membrane proteins, syntaxin, complexin‐I, and complexin‐II), and neuropathology. Models examined relationships between late‐life PA (averaged across visits), and timing‐specific PA (time to autopsy) with synaptic proteins.ResultsGreater late‐life PA associated with higher presynaptic protein levels (0.14 < β < 0.20), except complexin‐II (β = 0.08). Relationships were independent of pathology but timing specific; participants who completed actigraphy within 2 years of brain tissue measurements showed largest PA‐to‐synaptic protein associations (0.32 < β < 0.38). Relationships between PA and presynaptic proteins were comparable across brain regions sampled.DiscussionPA associates with synaptic integrity in a regionally global, but time‐linked nature in older adults.
Interfacial Manganese‐Doping in CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets by Employing a Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Wu Linzhong , Wang Yiou , Kurashvili Mariam , Dey Amrita , Cao Muhan , Döblinger Markus , Zhang Qiao , Feldmann Jochen , Huang He , Debnath Tushar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMn‐doping in cesium lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPls) is of particular importance where strong quantum confinement plays a significant role towards the exciton–dopant coupling. In this work, we report an immiscible bi‐phasic strategy for post‐synthetic Mn‐doping of CsPbX3 (X=Br, Cl) NPls. A systematic study shows that electron‐donating oleylamine acts as a shuttle ligand to transport MnX2 through the water–hexane interface and deliver it to the NPls. The halide anion also plays an essential role in maintaining an appropriate radius of Mn2+ and thus fulfilling the octahedral factor required for the formation of perovskite crystals. By varying the thickness of parent NPls, we can tune the dopant incorporation and, consequently, the exciton‐to‐dopant energy transfer process in doped NPls. Time‐resolved optical measurements offer a detailed insight into the exciton‐to‐dopant energy transfer process. This new approach for post‐synthetic cation doping paves a way towards exploring the cation exchange process in several other halide perovskites at the polar–nonpolar interface.
Screening Heteroatom Configurations for Reversible Sloping Capacity Promises High‐Power Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Fei , Niu Yaoshen , Zhang Qiangqiang , Guo Zhenyu , Hu Zilin , Zhou Quan , Xu Zhen , Li Yuqi , Yan Ruiting , Lu Yaxiang , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeteroatom doping has been proved to effectively enhance the sloping capacity, nevertheless, the high sloping capacity almost encounters a conflict with the disappointing initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Herein, we propose a heteroatom configuration screening strategy by introducing a secondary carbonization process for the phosphate‐treated carbons to remove the irreversible heteroatom configurations but with the reversible ones and free radicals remaining, achieving a simultaneity between the high sloping capacity and ICE (≈250 mAh g−1 and 80 %). The Na storage mechanism was also studied based on this “slope‐dominated” carbon to reveal the reason for the absence of the plateau. This work could inspire to distinguish and filter the irreversible heteroatom configurations and facilitate the future design of practical “slope‐dominated” carbon anodes towards high‐power Na‐ion batteries.
Novel carboxylate comb‐like dispersant used in disperse dyes
Authors: He Jingjing , Luo Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDisperse dyes are insoluble in water, dispersants must be added when dyeing polyester fabrics. Copolymers prepared from styrene (St), acrylic acid (AA), and maleic anhydride (MA) have been used in various fields because of their good amphiphilic properties. In order to obtain a novel dispersant to improve the dispersion property of disperse dyes, St‐AA‐MA copolymer was prepared under certain reaction conditions. Carboxylate comb‐like copolymer(St‐AA‐MA‐PEG) was then synthesized by esterification of St‐AA‐MA with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different number‐average molecular weights. The structure and properties of St‐AA‐MA and St‐AA‐MA‐PEG were detected and characterized. The effects of length of branch chain and grinding conditions on dispersant properties were also discussed. When PEG600 was used as the branched chain of dispersant, the average particle size of the disperse dye was 256.2 nm, which was smaller than that of the commercial one after grinding. And the zeta potential of the dyestuff using St‐AA‐MA‐PEG600 as dispersant arrived at −41.5 mV. Moreover, the synthesis process of St‐AA‐MA‐PEG is very simple. The resulted sample reveals good dispersion effect for disperse dye. Disperse dye particles featured with small size and concentrated distribution are easy to dye polyester fabrics with suitable dyeing rate. Therefore, St‐AA‐MA‐PEG is an efficient dispersant for disperse dyes.
Shared‐control design for robot‐assisted surgery using a skill assessment approach
Authors: Song Kai‐Tai , Hsieh Ping‐Jui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, a shared‐control system with skill‐based share weight allocation is proposed for a robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedure. A convolution neural network (CNN) is trained for online skill assessment, and the result is used to generate the share weights of robot autonomy and the user remote control. The control system can ensure synchronization of the two commands from the surgeon and robot autonomy and combine them to determine the motion of the surgical instrument. In this work, a contour‐tracking task is handled by the suggested shared controller to simulate a surgical cutting operation. Experimental results on a lab‐built robotic platform are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Multiple contour‐tracking experiments have been tested to compare the tracking performances of pure manual remote control and the proposed shared‐control method. Experimental results show that the shared controller achieved 34.5% improvement in tracking accuracy in comparison with pure manual control.
Vitamin K: A novel cancer chemosensitizer
Authors: Gul Sameena , Maqbool Muhammad Faisal , Maryam Amara , Khan Muhammad , Shakir Hafiz Abdullah , Irfan Muhammad , Ara Chaman , Li Yongming , Ma Tonghui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer incidences are growing rapidly and causing millions of deaths globally. Cancer treatment is one of the most exigent challenges. Drug resistance is a natural phenomenon and is considered one of the major obstacles in the successful treatment of cancer by chemotherapy. Combination therapy by the amalgamation of various anticancer drugs has suggested modulating tumor response by targeting various signaling pathways in a synergistic or additive manner. Vitamin K is an essential nutrient and has recently been investigated as a potential anticancer agent. The combination of vitamin K analogs, such as vitamins K1, K2, K3, and K5, with other chemotherapeutic drugs have demonstrated a safe, cost‐effective, and most efficient way to overcome drug resistance and improved the outcomes of prevailing chemotherapy. Published reports have shown that vitamin K in combination therapy improved the efficacy of clinical drugs by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and overcoming drug resistance by inhibiting P‐glycoprotein. In this review, we discuss the mechanism, cellular targets, and possible ways to develop vitamin K subtypes into effective cancer chemosensitizers. Finally, this review will provide a scientific basis for exploiting vitamin K as a potential agent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Flexible and Inclusive Ecology Projects that Harness Collaboration and NEON‐Enabled Science to Enhance Student Learning
Authors: Stack Whitney Kaitlin , Heard Matthew Joshua , Anderson Laurel J. , Cooke Sandra , Garneau Danielle , Kilgore Jason , Kolozsvary Mary Beth , Kuers Karen , Lunch Claire K. , McCay Timothy S. , Parker Allison T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic significantly impacted undergraduate education and fundamentally altered the structure of course delivery in higher education. In field‐based biology and ecology courses, where instructors and students typically work collaboratively and in‐person to collect data, this has been particularly challenging. In this context, faculty from the Ecological Research as Education Network (EREN) collaborated with the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) to design five free‐flexible learning projects for use by instructors in varied modalities (e.g., socially distanced in‐person, remote, or HyFlex). The five flexible learning projects incorporated the Ecological Society of America’s 4DEE framework and included field data collection, data analysis components, and an activity that incorporates existing NEON field protocols or datasets. Each project was designed to provide faculty members with a high degree of flexibility so that they could tailor the implementation of the projects to fit course‐specific needs. Collectively, these learning projects were designed to be flexible, inclusive, and facilitate hands‐on research while working in alternative classroom settings.
Micellar‐emphasized simultaneous determination of ivabradine hydrochloride and felodipine using synchronous spectrofluorimetry
Authors: Yosrey Eman , Elmansi Heba , Sheribah Zeinab A. , Metwally Mohamed El‐Sayed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA sensitive and green micellar spectrofluorimetric approach was applied for the simultaneous estimation of ivabradine hydrochloride (IVB) and felodipine (FLD) in the ng/ml concentration range. The approach depended on measuring the first derivative synchronous peak amplitude (1D) of both drugs at ∆λ = 60 nm in a Tween‐80 micellar system. The method was rectilinear alongside the concentration ranges 0.02–0.4 μg/ml and 0.05–1.0 μg/ml at 269.5 nm and 378.5 nm for IVB and FLD, respectively. The proposed method was validated by following the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The method was successfully applied without interference for laboratory‐prepared synthetic mixtures, single pharmaceutical preparations, and within spiked biological fluids with acceptable percentage recoveries. A comparison of the performance of the suggested method with other methods, showed no discrepancy. The method’s ecofriendly property evaluated using three different tools, confirming an excellent green method.
Effect of concentration and shell thickness on the optical behavior of aqueous CdTe/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots (QDs) exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Farahmandzadeh Farzad , Molaei Mehdi , Alehdaghi Hassan , Karimipour Masoud , Shamsi Alireza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work CdTe/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via a simple, rapid and room temperature photochemical approach. Optical properties of aqueous prepared CdTe/ZnSe QDs were studied systematically under gamma irradiation with dose range of 0 Gy to 20 kGy. The obtained results showed a regular red shift behavior versus gamma irradiation dose, in photoluminescence peak and absorption edge of the CdTe/ZnSe QDs. Structural properties of CdTe/ZnSe QDs before and after gamma irradiation were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) analyses. The obtained results showed that the crystalline structure of CdTe/ZnSe core/shell QDs did not change after gamma irradiation. Concentration and shell thickness as two important factors on the sensitivity of CdTe/ZnSe QDs in front of gamma irradiation have been investigated. Based on this study, CdTe/ZnSe QDs are suggested as good candidates for gamma dosimeter.
Investigate the effect of honey on the absorption of seven active ingredients from wu‐tou decoction in rats
Authors: Wang Jia , Zheng Shujing , Li Yang , Hu De , Hu Liming , Wang Shumin , Leng Xiangyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWu‐tou decoction has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for thousands of years. It comprises five herbs, namely Radix Aconiti Preparata, Ephedrae Herba, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhiza Radix, and Paeoniae Radix Alba. In addition, the original prescription contains honey, but in modern research, the existence of honey is commonly ignored. The aim was to investigate the effect of absorption in rats after oral wu‐tou decoction with or without honey. In this research, a rapid and sensitive UPLC‐MS/MS method was investigated for the quantitative analysis of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, paeoniflorin, calycosin‐7‐glucoside, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, and benzoylmesaconine in rat plasma after single and continuous oral decoctions. The results of the pharmacokinetic parameters showed that Cmax, CL/F, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ in the honey group were significantly increased than those in the non‐honey group except for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. The same trend was observed regardless of single or continuous oral administrations. Research studies showed that honey could promote the absorption of some effective components in wu‐tou decoction in rats, enhance bioavailability, and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational compatibility of the original prescription.
Being held through pain: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of experiences of receiving a peer support intervention for family members of individuals with mental illness
Authors: Reynolds Deirdre , McMahon Aisling , McMahon Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the deinstitutionalisation movement, many families have taken on the responsibility of caring for their family members with severe mental illness (SMI). Despite being recognised as a fundamental resource, family caregivers frequently report that the support they are receiving from mental health services is inadequate.AimTo explore the lived experiences of receiving a Family Recovery Peer Support (FRPS) pilot intervention for family caregivers of individuals with SMI.MethodThe experiences of receiving FRPS, a 6‐session intervention, were explored through 12 in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with family members.FindingsUsing interpretative phenomenological analysis, two superordinate themes were identified as follows: 1) ‘You feel all their pain’ and 2) ‘A vital experience of growth and healing through relationship’. Findings revealed that having a family member suffer from SMI was a traumatic experience. All 12 interviewees reported that receiving FRPS was beneficial. The significance of genuine understanding in the context of experiential similarity was repeatedly identified as invaluable. Analyses revealed a sequential journey of recovery, and post‐traumatic growth, across family members’ narratives, which led to improved relationships.ConclusionHaving a family member suffer from severe mental illness was a traumatic experience. Findings from the present study support the roll‐out of FRPS as an effective intervention for family caregivers of individuals with SMI. In order to develop more effective Mental Health Services, future policy initiatives should take family caregivers’ views and experiences into account.
Coding the COVID patient: Is it futile?
Authors: Gorder Kari , Henry Timothy D. 
Published: January 2022

Key Points
There are little data on outcomes for COVID‐19 patients who suffer an in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).
COVID‐19 patients had a significantly higher mortality rate after an IHCA compared to historical controls, with a 5.5% survival rate to discharge.
The remarkably poor outcome is likely multifactorial including the pathology of COVID‐19 as well as concerns about the logistics of resuscitating these complex patients.
Evolving our learning and application of knowledge to practice—The ongoing challenges of time and cost in interventional cardiology
Authors: Dexter Nicole , Moliterno David J. 
Published: January 2022

Key Points
A survey of 621 interventional cardiologist found the majority (87%) to be highly willing to use newly approved devices in everyday practice.
The minority of respondents, however: always used radial access for STEMI cases; use ultrasound guidance for femoral access; and use IVUS or OCT in a sizeable proportion of PCI procedures.
High cost or perceived limited added value were the key reasons reported for not adopting some new devices or technology.
Different measurements require different benchmarks: One size does not fit all
Authors: Goldsweig Andrew M. 
Published: January 2022

Key Points
Echocardiographic Doppler measurements do not account for the pressure recovery phenomenon and therefore estimate higher transvalvular pressure gradients (TPG) than invasive catheter‐based measurements.
An observed 3‐4 mmHg mean TPG difference between self‐expanding and balloon‐expandable transcatheter valves has been observed consistently, but no clinical significance has been reported.
A necessary novel classification system must provide a range of normal and abnormal values for each measurement modality and each valve type.