bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodeposition of NiS Cocatalysts on g‐C3N4 with Edge Grafting of 4‐(1H‐Imidazol‐2‐yl) Benzoic Acid for Highly Elevated Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Liang Zizhan , Bai Junxian , Hao Lei , Shen Rongchen , Zhang Peng , Li Xin 
Published: June 2022

Abstractg‐C3N4 (g‐CN) with edge grafting of 4‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) benzoic acid (IBA) and NiS cocatalysts is fabricated via a one‐pot chemical condensation of monomers with urea and subsequent photodeposition. The successful copolymerization of the IBA in g‐CN (g‐CN/IBA) is easily identified by 13C NMR spectra, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, and UV–vis absorption spectra. As a result, the acquired copolymer composites exhibit greatly enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic performance for H2 evolution, in comparison with the undoped g‐CN. The g‐CN‐IBA photocatalyst with the optimal loading amounts of NiS displays an outstanding hydrogen‐evolution rate of 2948.52 µmol g‐1 h‐1 under visible light (λ > 420 nm). The maximum apparent quantum efficiency of g‐CN/IBA‐3%NiS is 3.20% at 450 nm. The enhanced activity can be attributed to the synergism of edge grafting of 4‐(1H‐Imidazol‐2‐yl) benzoic acid and loading of NiS cocatalysts, which not only shows a remarkable redshift of the optical‐absorption compared to g‐CN, effectively improving the absorption in the visible range, but also effectively avoids recombination and drives the favorable separation of photogenerated carriers in plane. This work provides a protocol for simultaneously increasing the active sites of light absorption and surface reactions of g‐CN‐based photocatalysts to maximize photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.
Recent Advances in Carbon‐Supported Noble‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Wang Qilun , Zhang Jincheng , Ding Jie , Cheng Yaqi , Wang Tian , Li Jing , Hu Fangxin , Yang Hong Bin , Liu Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that converts renewable electricity into storable hydrogen, a sustainable and clean energy carrier, provides a promising method to mitigate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. In general, noble‐metal‐based nanomaterials (including Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, etc.) have drawn tremendous research attention in the context of the HER because of their nearly optimal bindings to hydrogen, robust stability and tunable physical/chemical properties. Particularly, carbon as a substrate not only offers a stabilizing and conductive matrix, but also impacts the electronic structure of the supported metal by interfacial interaction, necessitating a detailed understanding. To speed up the sluggish kinetics of the HER, the design and construction of efficient electrocatalysts is of crucial importance. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent advances in carbon‐supported noble‐metal electrocatalysts is presented, focusing on their synthetic strategies, structural analyses, and applications in HER electrocatalysis. Specifically, the correlation between the electronic structure and activity is discussed. Furthermore, a perspective is offered highlighting the challenges and opportunities for development of highly efficient HER electrocatalysts, with the aim for widespread utilization of practical water electrolyzers toward green hydrogen production.
Comparison of the soleus and plantaris muscles in humans and other primates: Macroscopic neuromuscular anatomy and evolutionary significance
Authors: Sakuraya Tohma , Sekiya Shin‐ichi , Emura Kenji , Sonomura Takahiro , Hirasaki Eishi , Arakawa Takamitsu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn humans, the soleus is more developed compared to other primates and has a unique architecture composed of anterior bipennate and posterior unipennate parts, which are innervated by different nerve branches. The anterior part of the human soleus was proposed to be important for bipedalism, however, the phylogenetic process resulting in its acquisition remains unclear. Providing insights into this process, the anterior part of the soleus was suggested to be closely related to the plantaris based on the branching pattern of their nerve fascicles. To reveal the phylogeny of the soleus and plantaris in primates, the innervation patterns of the posterior crural muscles were compared among a wide range of species. From their branching pattern, posterior crural muscles could be classified into superficial and deep muscle groups. The anterior part of the soleus and plantaris both belonged to the deep muscle group. In all the examined specimens of ring‐tailed lemurs and chimpanzees, as well as in one out of two specimens of siamang, the nerve branches corresponding to those innervating the anterior part of the human soleus were found. The muscular branches innervating the anterior part of the soleus and plantaris formed a common trunk or were connected in all the specimens. These results indicate that the anterior part of the soleus is closely related to the plantaris across different species of primates. In turn, this suggests that the anterior part of the soleus is maintained among primates, and especially in humans, where it develops as the characteristic bipennate structure.
Augmented reality for teaching anatomy
Authors: Zammit Christian , Calleja‐Agius Jean , Azzopardi Ernest 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuccessive waves of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic lockdowns resulted in significant reduction in face‐to‐face teaching, with an adverse effect especially on sectors requiring direct skill acquisition. Despite the fact that augmented reality (AR) presents an equitable, cost‐effective solution which reduces crowding in the confined spaces of the dissection theater, the benefits of AR‐supported undergraduate medical education have been poorly investigated. We conducted a validated survey to explore the value of AR in the dissection theater and assess its impact from the learner's perspective. Further to a validated pilot (n = 30), a larger scale study (n = 130) was conducted to assess the introduction of AR across three different learning domains: retaining anatomy detail, perception of spatial anatomical relations, and speed of learning. A response rate of 85.4% was reported. Our results suggest that the use of AR technology leads to a significant enhancement of spatial relations, faster detailed material assimilation and assistance in understanding of key concepts. In addition, most participants opt to recommend AR as a valuable tool in the learning process. In view of the proposed added value of AR technology in various teaching aspects, we recommend that AR should be introduced as a standard practice in both pre‐ and postgraduate medical curricula and suggest further research regarding the use of this technology.
Serial killing in schizophrenia
Authors: Hamdi Ghada , Ben Ammar Hanen , Mhedhbi Nawel , Brahmi Lina , Felhi Rania , Ridha Rym 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSerial criminality, although rare, has always aroused the interest of researchers in criminology, psychiatry, psychology, and sociology. We report the case of a patient, suffering from a chronic psychotic disorder, having committed several murders over a period of 9 years, underpinned by a delirium of misidentification of Frigoli syndrome.
Glioblastoma 20 years after a nail gun trauma: A risk factor?
Authors: Finneran Megan M. , Young Michael , Joyce Larry , Nardone Emilio M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 48‐year‐old man presented with headaches and confusion. Imaging demonstrated a right frontal glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), twenty years after a nail gun injury to the same region. GBM in the same location as a previous injury points toward possible causation from the trauma in the development of a high‐grade glioma.
Cervical epidural abscess due to implantation of a spinal cord stimulation lead
Authors: Bara Gregor A. , Thissen Jost 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) for intractable pain syndromes has become a pillar of modern pain management. Common complications include lead migration, implant infection, cerebral spinal fluid leak, and lead fracture. Spinal epidural abscess due to spinal cord stimulator implantation is a very rare occurrence with only two cases reported in the literature so far. We present an illustrative case and discuss the pathophysiology and best clinical management for this very rate entity.
Left internal jugular vein thrombosis secondary to pacemaker insertion
Authors: Akhtar Aisha , Dhungana Santosh , Bhagat Nidhi , Bachuwa Ghassan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVenous thrombosis associated with pacemaker implant is a known phenomenon. We present a clinical video emphasizing on an important physical examination finding suggesting propagation of thrombus in internal jugular vein secondary to pacemaker insertion, which would be educational and help readers visualize the sign on physical examination.
Eyelid edema due to Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Oka Kosuke , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCushing's syndrome (CS) shows diverse signs such as centripetal obesity, moon face, and buffalo hump, which can complicate the diagnosis. Facial features including eyelid edema, as an underrecognized sign, can be diagnostic clues for an excess of corticoids in a CS patient.
Breast cancer recurrence and survival rates in patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery under non‐mechanically ventilated anesthesia
Authors: Kim Ryungsa , Kawai Ami , Wakisaka Megumi , Shimoyama Mika , Yasuda Naomi , Kin Takanori , Arihiro Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence after primary treatment is an important obstacle to the curing of primary breast cancer. Less‐immunosuppressive anesthetic techniques, such as local anesthesia with lidocaine, intravenous anesthesia (IVA) with propofol, and/or sedation with midazolam under spontaneous breathing may reduce breast cancer recurrence compared with standard general anesthesia techniques such as IVA and inhalation anesthesia with opioids under mechanical ventilation.AimThe aim of this study was to analyze the factors involved in breast cancer recurrence in patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) under non‐mechanically ventilated anesthesia.MethodsThe study included 491 consecutive patients with stages 0–III breast cancer who underwent BCS/axillary lymph‐node management with local anesthesia and IVA and/or sedation under non‐mechanical ventilation between May 2008 and September 2021. Survival and recurrence were assessed by retrospective cohort analysis.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 2565 days (range, 28–4834 days). The overall and breast cancer–specific survival rates were 92.9% and 95.6%, respectively. Twenty‐one deaths, of which 11 were breast cancer–related, occurred. Disease recurred in 29 (5.9%) patients, of whom 15 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 14 patients received adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy in 12 cases). The surgical procedure performed, but not other clinicopathological factors [recurrence site, P stage, tumor subtype, and disease‐free interval (DFI)], differed between the NAC and adjuvant therapy groups. The DFI tended to be shorter in the NAC group than in the adjuvant therapy group. The pathological therapeutic effect grade after NAC was 1 in 12 patients and ≥2 in 3 patients.ConclusionMore than 50% (15/29) of patients with recurrence who underwent BCS were given NAC, but most patients did not respond to it. Similarly, adjuvant chemotherapy may not have contributed to the eradication of residual tumor cells after BCS. To reduce breast cancer recurrence in patients undergoing BCS, treatment strategies, especially for patients who do not respond to NAC or adjuvant chemotherapy, need to be developed. Non‐mechanical ventilation anesthesia may also affect the incidence of breast cancer recurrence.
Comparing the effects of grain weathering and presence of fungal communities on waxy and non‐waxy sorghum hybrids grown across Texas
Authors: Kent Mitchell A. , Prom Louis , Rooney William L 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrain weathering in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a persistent concern for producers in warm and humid climates. Further, grain sorghum genotypes are known to vary in their response to grain weathering; in some cases, this response is associated with a specific grain trait. For example, waxy endosperm sorghum is perceived to be more susceptible to grain weathering. This study herein compared waxy, heterozygous waxy, and non‐waxy sorghum hybrids grown in multiple environments for grain weathering susceptibility and characterization of the fungal communities on the grain. The traits used to evaluate grain weathering included first grain weathering rating (FGWR), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), initial germination (IG), and reduction in germination (RIG). Grain weathering intensity varied among the tested environments; increased weathering occurred with wetter conditions. In combined analyses, the environment accounted for more variation (70.2, 38.2, 39.9, and 81.1%) than did genotype (9.0, 26.9, 15.8, and 5.0%) for FGWR, AUDPC, IG, and RIG, respectively. In only one of the four environments were the waxy and heterozygous waxy hybrids statistically different from the non‐waxy genotypes. Ultimately, variation was more associated with genotypes than endosperm classes. Overall, Alternaria spp., Bipolaris spp., Fusarium semitectum, Curvularia spp., and Aspergillus niger were the most frequently observed pathogens across environments. Within an environment, the percent of different fungal pathogens remained relatively constant, but varied across environments. There was no clear distinction between either the level of grain weathering or the presence of a particular pathogen and endosperm type. The results indicate that grain sorghums with waxy endosperm are no more susceptible to grain weathering than those with normal, non‐waxy endosperm.
Toosendanin inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth through the Hedgehog pathway by targeting Shh
Authors: Zhang Meng , Tao Zhongyi , Gao Lijuan , Chen Fengyang , Ye Yiping , Xu Shifang , Huang Wenkang , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. This complex and often fatal disease has a high mortality rate. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is crucial in CRC. Many studies have indicated that Shh is overexpressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs), and shh overexpression is positively correlated with CRC tumorigenesis. New drugs that kill CRC cells through the Hh pathway are needed. Toosendanin (TSN), a natural triterpenoid saponin extracted from the bark or fruit of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc, can inhibit various tumors. Here, we investigated the effects of TSN in CRC and explored the possible targets and mechanisms. Shh‐Light Ⅱ cells were treated with TSN and tested by dual luciferase reporter assays to determine the relationship with the Hh pathway. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays were used to test the inhibitory effects of TSN on CRC cells. The expression of Hh components after TSN treatment was detected using western blots and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cellular thermal shift assays confirmed the targets of TSN. The same effects of TSN on xenograft tumor growth were investigated in vivo. The average weight, volume of the finally resected tumor, and the expression of Shh in the TSN‐treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. This result strongly suggested that TSN administration inhibited CRC growth in vivo. Our research preliminarily demonstrated that the target of TSN was Shh and that TSN inhibits CRC cell growth by inhibiting the Hh pathway, identifying a new anticancer molecular mechanism of TSN in CRC.
Meta‐analysis suggests negative, but pCO2‐specific, effects of ocean acidification on the structural and functional properties of crustacean biomaterials
Authors: Siegel Kyle R. , Kaur Muskanjot , Grigal A. Calvin , Metzler Rebecca A. , Dickinson Gary H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrustaceans comprise an ecologically and morphologically diverse taxonomic group. They are typically considered resilient to many environmental perturbations found in marine and coastal environments, due to effective physiological regulation of ions and hemolymph pH, and a robust exoskeleton. Ocean acidification can affect the ability of marine calcifying organisms to build and maintain mineralized tissue and poses a threat for all marine calcifying taxa. Currently, there is no consensus on how ocean acidification will alter the ecologically relevant exoskeletal properties of crustaceans. Here, we present a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of ocean acidification on the crustacean exoskeleton, assessing both exoskeletal ion content (calcium and magnesium) and functional properties (biomechanical resistance and cuticle thickness). Our results suggest that the effect of ocean acidification on crustacean exoskeletal properties varies based upon seawater pCO2 and species identity, with significant levels of heterogeneity for all analyses. Calcium and magnesium content was significantly lower in animals held at pCO2 levels of 1500–1999 µatm as compared with those under ambient pCO2. At lower pCO2 levels, however, statistically significant relationships between changes in calcium and magnesium content within the same experiment were observed as follows: a negative relationship between calcium and magnesium content at pCO2 of 500–999 µatm and a positive relationship at 1000–1499 µatm. Exoskeleton biomechanics, such as resistance to deformation (microhardness) and shell strength, also significantly decreased under pCO2 regimes of 500–999 µatm and 1500–1999 µatm, indicating functional exoskeletal change coincident with decreases in calcification. Overall, these results suggest that the crustacean exoskeleton can be susceptible to ocean acidification at the biomechanical level, potentially predicated by changes in ion content, when exposed to high influxes of CO2. Future studies need to accommodate the high variability of crustacean responses to ocean acidification, and ecologically relevant ranges of pCO2 conditions, when designing experiments with conservation‐level endpoints.
Embedded Structure of Ni@PSi Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane
Authors: Suo Cong , Liu Yang , Zhang Xiao , Wang Haiyan , Chen Bingbing , Fang Jiancong , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Ruoyu , Chen Rui , Shi Chuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmbedding Ni nanoparticles (NPs) into supports has been widely accepted as one of solutions for Ni confinement. Herein, we have adopted a method of preparing well‐confined Ni NPs by precisely adjusting the reduction temperature of nickel contained phyllosilicates (PSi) materials to obtain Ni@PSi catalysts. H2 reduction at 600 °C for Ni‐PSi precursor was optimized to build the embedded structure with uniform Ni NPs (ca. 3.0 nm) incorporated into the well‐maintained PSi structure. Such structure not only endowed the highest reaction rate for steam reforming of methane (SRM), but kept the stability well under the harsh reaction conditions of SRM. Either too high (850 °C) or too low (400 °C) reduction temperature which could not form such embedded structure led to a quick deactivation due to obvious sintering of Ni and coke deposition. The present study provides a more effective way of keeping Ni NPs from sintering in SRM.
The Coordination and Catalytic Chemistry of Phosphanylferrocene Chalcogenides
Authors: Štěpnička Petr , Horký Filip 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhosphanylferrocene chalcogenides remain long overshadowed by their more common and very successful phosphane counterparts. However, they also exhibit unique coordination behavior, which differs from that of the parent phosphanes due to changed donor and steric properties, and exert favorable catalytic properties. This review attempts to showcase the chemistry of phosphanylferrocene chalcogenides with particular emphasis on their applications in coordination chemistry and catalysis. Attention is also paid to the corresponding mixed‐donor phosphane‐phosphane chalcogenide ligands, which can serve as genuine examples of versatile hybrid donors with rich coordination chemistry and attractive use in catalysis.
Compare with different vegetable oils on the quality of the Nemipterus virgatus surimi gel
Authors: Song Chunyong , Lin Yufeng , Hong Pengzhi , Liu Huanming , Zhou Chunxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo enhance the quality and flavor of surimi‐based products, we investigated the effects of vegetable oils (peanut, soybean, corn, coconut, olive, and safflower seed oils) on the texture, water‐holding capacity (WHC), microstructure, and flavor of the Nemipterus virgatus surimi gel. The results showed that 6 kinds of vegetable oils could improve the whiteness and flavor of gels. However, peanut, olive, and coconut oils enriching oleic acid or lauric acid were easy to accumulate with an average diameter of more than 0.15 μm. Thus, the gel with the oil showed a loose network structures with large cavities, and the texture was deteriorated, accompanied by decreased WHC (p < .05). Compared with other vegetable oils, soybean, corn and safflower seed oils enriching linoleic acid were emulsified with protein forming a stable interfacial protein film. The gel with the oil showed an increase in the WHC and bound water content. Furthermore, the oil droplets with an average diameter of less than 0.15 μm were evenly distributed in the gel matrix, and the gel exhibited dense network structures with small cavities and smooth surface. In general, soybean and safflower seed oils can be used as a potential additive to improve the quality and flavor of surimi‐based products.
Identifying strategies for facilitating physical activity among older adults: A behaviour change wheel ‘retrofit’ driven analysis of Victorian local government policy
Authors: Butson Michael , Jeanes Ruth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIssue addressedThe significance of physical activity (PA) for the health and wellbeing of older adults is well documented. Local government (LG) publish PA policy and interventions to encourage and improve older adult PA participation. However, LG documents have rarely been studied to examine the extent to which LG incorporates evidence‐based strategies into the development of older adult PA policy.MethodsThe behaviour change wheel (BCW) ‘retrofitting’ approach was used to identify and explain available evidence‐based PA policies and interventions across 10 Victorian LGs. A document analysis was completed using LG policy and involved elements of content analysis and thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis found 41 documents that included policy and interventions to encourage and improve PA among older adults. Some of the more popular BCW combinations included service provision and enablement and environmental/social planning, and environmental restructuring. In addition, LGs embrace modifying the built environment and creating partnerships. However, our results suggest that some are not considering modelling or incentives to increase PA.ConclusionsAccording to the BCWs, Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Side‐effects, and Equity (APEASE) criteria, it is not feasible for Victorian LGs to be including all intervention functions and supporting policy functions. However, contemporary older adult PA intervention literature suggests LGs could benefit from including incentives and modelling into current PA policy.So what?This research is one of the first to identify and explain how Victorian LGs facilitate PA participation among older adults. This research will guide Victorian LGs when drafting and implementing PA policy in the future.