bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of hidden-charm pentaquarks with strangeness $$S=-1$$
Authors: Hu Xiaohuang , Ping Jialun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, a new hidden-charm pentaquark state $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

was reported by the LHCb Collaboration. Stimulated by the fact that all hidden-charm pentaquark states in $$S=0$$

S
=
0

systems were successfully studied by the chiral quark model, we extended this study to the $$S=-1$$

S
=
-
1

systems. All possible states with quantum numbers $$IJ^P=0(\frac{1}{2})^-$$

I

J
P

=
0

(

1
2

)

-

, $$0(\frac{3}{2})^-$$

0

(

3
2

)

-

, $$0(\frac{5}{2})^-$$

0

(

5
2

)

-

, $$1(\frac{1}{2})^-$$

1

(

1
2

)

-

, $$1(\frac{3}{2})^-$$

1

(

3
2

)

-

and $$1(\frac{5}{2})^-$$

1

(

5
2

)

-

have been investigated. The calculation results shows that the newly observed state $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

can be explained as $$\Xi _c \bar{D}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

molecular state and the quantum numbers are $$0(\frac{1}{2})^-$$

0

(

1
2

)

-

. In addition, we also find other molecular states $$\Xi _c \bar{D}$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

, $$\Xi _c^* \bar{D}$$

Ξ
c
∗

D

¯

and $$\Xi _c' \bar{D}^*$$

Ξ
c
′

D

¯

∗

. It is worth mentioning that $$\Xi _c \bar{D}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

can form a two-peak structure from states in system $$0(\frac{1}{2})^-$$

0

(

1
2

)

-

and $$0(\frac{3}{2})^-$$

0

(

3
2

)

-

. The decay width of all molecular states is given with the help of real scaling method. These hidden-charm pentaquark states is expected to be further verified in future experiments.
Explosives and warfare agents remote Raman detection on realistic background samples
Authors: Cantu Luca M. L. , Gallo Emanuela C. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltraviolet Raman spectroscopy measurements have been taken to detect non-uniform and self-prepared samples of both explosives and warfare agent simulants on realistic backgrounds. The main goal was to quantify the minimum requirements for an unambiguous identification in remote detection (distance 50 cm) with a commercial Czerny-Turner spectrometer coupled with a ICCD camera. Different backgrounds in the categories of metals, natural, construction materials, transparent and plastics were used to simulate realistic encounters in a possible warzone scenario. The distribution of the chemicals was random in order to simulate a realistic measurement, and the exact detected amount was determined during the post-processing. Measurements show the capability of the developed Raman system to detect amount always in the range of μg range. Further data analysis will demonstrate the extension of the detection up to ng range for few cases. An analysis of the incident laser beam angle, size (diameter) and energy dependency is also discussed to demonstrate the technological limits outside the optimal detecting conditions.
Stable All Solid State Z-Scheme Based TiO2/M/CdxZn1-Xs Photo-Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor 
Published: February 2022

Water splitting to hydrogen and oxygen molecules suing semiconductors as photocatalysts to store solar energy, is one of the “Holy Grails” in solar energy conversion1. The performance of a photocatalyst is largely limited by four requirements: 1) long term stability with respect to photo corrosion, 2) a narrow band gap materials to absorb a large fraction of solar light, 3) suitable band edges that match the redox potential of water, and 4) slow charge carrier recombination systems. In particular, with respect to point 4, many artificial Z-scheme based photocatalytic systems have been widely investigated2. Recently, Rao et al.,3 reported an all-solid state Z-scheme anisotropic ZnO/Pt/Cd0.8Zn0.2S heterojunction system which exhibited a high photocatalytic activity owing to an efficient electron-hole transfer between the ZnO conduction band and the CdS valence band through Pt nanoparticles (using benzyl alcohol and acetic acid as sacrificial reagents). However, this system is not stable over the long term mainly because ZnO is stable in a very narrow pH range (6-8)4, whereas the ideal pH for hydrogen production, either by sacrificial or direct water splitting, is often outside this range. As a consequence, the original Z-scheme structure is gradually destroyed following the dissolution of the ZnO which subsequently causes the decomposition of Cd0.8Zn0.2S.
In this work, we have developed a novel TiO2/Ag-Pd/Cd(Zn)S based Z-scheme photocatalytic system. This system was found to be stable in the presence of aqueous solution containing benzyl alcohol/acetic acid (the role of both has been investigated). Catalysts were prepared and characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM and UV-Vis and the catalytic tests were conducted over the complete series of the Z-Scheme system and its individual components such as Ag-Pd/TiO2 and Cd0.8Zn0.2S. The hydrogen generation rate of the best system and that of its components were 3.3 mmol/h.gcatal. (TiO2/Ag-Pd/Cd0.8Zn0.2S), 1.1 mmol/h.gcatal. (Ag-Pd/TiO2) and 0.5 mmol/h.g catal. (Cd0.8Zn0.2S) respectively under identical conditions as described below.

Figure 1
Autocrine Canonical Wnt Signaling Primes Noncanonical Signaling through ROR1 in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ma Fen , Arai Seiji , Wang Keshan , Calagua Carla , Yuan Amanda R. , Poluben Larysa , Gu Zhongkai , Russo Joshua W. , Einstein David J. , Ye Huihui , He Meng Xiao , Liu Yu , Van Allen Eliezer , Sowalsky Adam G. , Bhasin Manoj K. , Yuan Xin , Balk Steven P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWnt signaling driven by genomic alterations in genes including APC and CTNNB, which encodes β-catenin, have been implicated in prostate cancer development and progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, nongenomic drivers and downstream effectors of Wnt signaling in prostate cancer and the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in prostate cancer have not been fully established. Here we analyzed Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer and identified effectors distinct from those found in other tissues, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor and RUNX1, which are linked to stem cell maintenance, and ROR1, a noncanonical Wnt5a coreceptor. Wnt/β-catenin signaling–mediated increases in ROR1 enhanced noncanonical responses to Wnt5a. Regarding upstream drivers, APC genomic loss, but not its epigenetic downregulation commonly observed in prostate cancer, was strongly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in clinical samples. Tumor cell upregulation of the Wnt transporter Wntless (WLS) was strongly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in primary prostate cancer but also associated with both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in mCRPC. IHC confirmed tumor cell WLS expression in primary prostate cancer and mCRPC, and patient-derived prostate cancer xenografts expressing WLS were responsive to treatment with Wnt synthesis inhibitor ETC-1922159. These findings reveal that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer drives stem cell maintenance and invasion and primes for noncanonical Wnt signaling through ROR1. They further show that autocrine Wnt production is a nongenomic driver of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in prostate cancer, which can be targeted with Wnt synthesis inhibitors to suppress tumor growth.Significance:This work provides fundamental insights into Wnt signaling and prostate cancer cell biology and indicates that a subset of prostate cancer driven by autocrine Wnt signaling is sensitive to Wnt synthesis inhibitors.
Transient Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Prevents B-ALL Development in Genetically Predisposed Mice
Authors: Casado-García Ana , Isidro-Hernández Marta , Oak Ninad , Mayado Andrea , Mann-Ran Christine , Raboso-Gallego Javier , Alemán-Arteaga Silvia , Buhles Alexandra , Sterker Dario , Sánchez Elena G. , Martínez-Cano Jorge , Blanco Oscar , Orfao Alberto , Alonso-López Diego , De Las Rivas Javier , Riesco Susana , Prieto-Matos Pablo , González-Murillo África , García Criado Francisco Javier , García Cenador María Begoña , Radimerski Thomas , Ramírez-Orellana Manuel , Cobaleda César , Yang Jun J. , Vicente-Dueñas Carolina , Weiss Andreas , Nichols Kim E. , Sánchez-García Isidro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Preventing development of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a disease with devastating effects, is a longstanding and unsolved challenge. Heterozygous germline alterations in the PAX5 gene can lead to B-ALL upon accumulation of secondary mutations affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Preclinical studies have shown that this malignant transformation occurs only under immune stress such as exposure to infectious pathogens. Here we show in Pax5+/− mice that transient, early-life administration of clinically relevant doses of ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, significantly mitigates the risk of B-ALL following exposure to infection; 1 of 29 animals treated with ruxolitinib developed B-ALL versus 8 of 34 untreated mice. Ruxolitinib treatment preferentially targeted Pax5+/− versus wild-type B-cell progenitors and exerted unique effects on the Pax5+/− B-cell progenitor transcriptional program. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence for a potential strategy to prevent B-ALL development.

Significance:
JAK/STAT inhibition suppresses tumorigenesis in a B-ALL–susceptible mouse model, presenting a novel approach to prevent B-ALL onset.
Causative Variants for Inherited Cardiac Conditions in a Southeast Asian Population Cohort
Authors: Tomar Swati , Klinzing David C. , Chen Ching Kit , Gan Louis Hanqiang , Moscarello Tia , Reuter Chloe , Ashley Euan A. , Foo Roger 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Variable penetrance and late-onset phenotypes are key challenges for classifying causal as well as incidental findings in inherited cardiac conditions. Allele frequencies of variants in ancestry-specific populations, along with clinical variant analysis and interpretation, are critical to determine their true significance.

Methods:
Here, we carefully reviewed and classified variants in genes associated with inherited cardiac conditions based on a population whole-genome sequencing cohort of 4810 Singaporeans representing Southeast Asian ancestries.

Results:

Eighty-nine (1.85%) individuals carried either pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants across 25 genes. Forty-six (51.7%) had variants in causal genes for familial hyperlipidemia, but there were also recurrent variants in
SCN5A
and
MYBPC3
, causal genes for inherited arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy, which, despite previous reports, we determined to lack criteria for pathogenicity.

Conclusions:
Our findings highlight the incidence of disease-related variants in inherited cardiac conditions and emphasize the value of large-scale sequencing in specific ancestries. Follow-up detailed phenotyping and analysis of pedigrees are crucial because assigning pathogenicity will significantly affect clinical management for individuals and their family members.
Meteorological Data Policies Needed to Support Biodiversity Monitoring with Weather Radar
Authors: Shamoun-Baranes Judy , Bauer Silke , Chapman Jason W. , Desmet Peter , Dokter Adriaan M. , Farnsworth Andrew , van Gasteren Hans , Haest Birgen , Koistinen Jarmo , Kranstauber Bart , Liechti Felix , H. E. Mason Tom , Nilsson Cecilia , Nussbaumer Raphael , Schmid Baptiste , Weisshaupt Nadja , Leijnse Hidde 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Weather radar networks have great potential for continuous and long-term monitoring of aerial biodiversity of birds, bats, and insects. Biological data from weather radars can support ecological research, inform conservation policy development and implementation, and increase the public’s interest in natural phenomena such as migration. Weather radars are already used to study animal migration, quantify changes in populations, and reduce aerial conflicts between birds and aircraft. Yet efforts to establish a framework for the broad utilization of operational weather radar for biodiversity monitoring are at risk without suitable data policies and infrastructure in place. In Europe, communities of meteorologists and ecologists have made joint efforts toward sharing and standardizing continent-wide weather radar data. These efforts are now at risk as new meteorological data exchange policies render data useless for biodiversity monitoring. In several other parts of the world, weather radar data are not even available for ecological research. We urge policy makers, funding agencies, and meteorological organizations across the world to recognize the full potential of weather radar data. We propose several actions that would ensure the continued capability of weather radar networks worldwide to act as powerful tools for biodiversity monitoring and research.
Maintenance Mechanisms of the Wintertime Subtropical High over the South Indian Ocean
Authors: Miyamoto Ayumu , Nakamura Hisashi , Miyasaka Takafumi , Kosaka Yu , Taguchi Bunmei , Nishii Kazuaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimatologically the surface Mascarene high over the subtropical south Indian Ocean (SIO) shifts westward toward austral winter, and its strength as a planetary-wave component maximizes in late austral winter, unlike its counterpart over other subtropical oceans. The present study investigates the maintenance mechanisms for the wintertime Mascarene high with a linear atmospheric dynamical model (LBM) and an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The LBM experiments reveal the importance of cross-equatorial tropical influences. Deep convection associated with the Asian summer monsoon acts not only to shift the Mascarene high westward as its direct influence but also to enhance midtropospheric subsidence and equatorward surface winds over the central and western portions of the subtropical SIO. The associated near-surface cold advection and subsidence promote (suppress) the formation of low-level (deep convective) clouds. The resultant enhanced radiative cooling and reduced deep condensation heating both reinforce the equatorward portion of the surface high. The LBM experiments also reveal that seasonally enhanced storm-track activity over the SIO is important for maintaining the poleward portion of the Mascarene high through eddy heat and vorticity fluxes. The AGCM experiments demonstrate that the Agulhas Current system and the associated sea surface temperature (SST) front reinforce the high by energizing the storm-track activity. The present study thus proposes that both the Asian summer monsoon and the enhanced storm-track activity maintained by the Agulhas SST front externally modulate the positively coupled system between the wintertime Mascarene high and low-level clouds to realize its unique seasonality.
A Fast Mean-Preserving Spline for Interpolating Interval Data
Authors: Lai Leo O , Kaplan Jed O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interpolation of interval data where the mean is preserved, e.g., estimating smoothed, pseudodaily meteorological variables based on monthly means, is a common problem in the geosciences. Existing methods for mean-preserving interpolation are computationally intensive and/or do not readily accommodate bounded interpolation, where the interpolated data cannot exceed a threshold value. Here we present a mean-preserving, continuous, easily implementable, and computationally efficient method for interpolating one-dimensional interval data. Our new algorithm provides a straightforward solution to the interpolation problem by utilizing Hermite cubic splines and midinterval control points to interpolate interval data into smaller partitions. We further include adjustment schemes to restrict the interpolated result to user-specified minimum and maximum bounds. Our method is fast, portable, and broadly applicable to a range of geoscientific data, including interpolating unbounded time series such as mean temperature, and bounded data including mean wind speed or cloud-cover fraction.

Significance Statement
Interpolation is often utilized to mathematically estimate smaller time step values when such data are not readily available, for example, the estimation of daily temperature when only monthly temperature values are available. We propose a novel interpolation method based on linking segments of flexible continuous curves that ensures the average of interpolated result will be the same as the original value, which is important for minimizing interpolation errors. We find that our new method takes significantly less computational time when compared with other existing methods, while retaining a similar degree of precision. Furthermore, we outline an additional procedure for users to specify the minimum and maximum bounds of interpolated results if applicable.
Thoughts of suicide or self-harm among Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bismark Marie , Scurrah Katrina , Pascoe Amy , Willis Karen , Jain Ria , Smallwood Natasha 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To identify the prevalence and predictors of (a) thoughts of suicide or self-harm among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) help-seeking among those healthcare workers with thoughts of suicide or self-harm. Method: Analysis of data from the Australian COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers Study, an online survey of healthcare workers conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Outcomes of interest were thoughts of suicide or self-harm as measured through the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression and help-seeking behaviours. Results: Overall, 819 (10.5%) of 7795 healthcare workers reported thoughts of suicide or self-harm over a 2-week period. Healthcare workers with these thoughts experienced higher rates of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout than their peers. In multivariable models, the odds of suicide or self-harm thoughts were higher among workers who had friends or family infected with COVID-19 (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = [1.06, 1.47]), were living alone (odds ratio = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = [1.06, 1.64]), younger (⩽30 years cf. >50 years; odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.36-2.13), male (odds ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.49, 2.20]), had increased alcohol use (odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = [1.35, 1.86]), poor physical health (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = [1.36, 1.92]), increased income worries (odds ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.54, 2.12]) or prior mental illness (odds ratio = 3.27, 95% confidence interval = [2.80, 3.82]). Having dependent children was protective (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = [0.61, 0.92]). Fewer than half (388/819) of the healthcare workers who reported thoughts of suicide or self-harm sought professional support. Healthcare workers with thoughts of suicide or self-harm were more likely to seek support if they were younger (⩽30 years cf. >50 years; odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = [1.13, 2.82]) or had prior mental health concerns (odds ratio = 4.47, 95% confidence interval = [3.25, 6.14]). Conclusion: One in 10 Australian healthcare workers reported thoughts of suicide or self-harm during the pandemic, with certain groups being more vulnerable. Most healthcare workers with thoughts of suicide or self-harm did not seek professional help. Strong and sustained action to protect the safety of healthcare workers, and provide meaningful support, is urgently needed.
Government research institutes in the Italian policy advisory system
Authors: Galanti Maria Tullia , Lippi Andrea 
Published: February 2022

In a Napoleonic country such as Italy, ministerial cabinets have traditionally served as central advisors in the politicised policy advisory system (PAS), while evidence-based policy-making has usually been marginal. Nevertheless, recent developments in political systems have pushed for the pluralisation of the Napoleonic PAS toward a stronger demand for scientific and expert advice. Against this backdrop, the role of government research institutes (GRIs) as advisors represents an interesting change that could potentially fuel the development of an evidence-based approach in a period of changing advisory practices. We investigate these developments through a case study concerning 20 Italian GRIs that are engaged as influential advisors or recruited to support implementation through policy work. We obtained evidence through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and a questionnaire administered to the 20 GRIs. The overall picture displays a shift in conceiving policy advice in the political system and opens the door to innovation. Points for practitioners Evidence-based policy making is expanding also in countries with scarce policy capacities. Government research institutes may be asked to perform different policy works, including evidence-based advice and also implementation tasks. The financial autonomy and reputation of the government research institute matter for their advisory role. Policy advice is described as the result of the matching between a contingent political demand and the offer of expert knowledge.
Silymarin protects the rats against paraquat-induced acute kidney injury via Nrf2
Authors: Jia C , Zhang Z , Wang J , Nie Z 
Published: February 2022

Background Paraquat (PQ) poisoning induces severe acute kidney injury and causes extremely high rate of death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on PQ-induced acute kidney injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods A rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of PQ. Rats were administrated with saline or silymarin for 3 days. Then, survival rate, physiological parameters, and renal injury score were evaluated. The apoptosis and oxidative stress in kidney tissues were determined through hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Silymarin administration could significantly increase the survival rate of PQ-poisoned rats. It was found that silymarin treatment improved renal function, decreased injury score in kidney tissues, and inhibited the apoptosis and oxidative stress in PQ-induced acute kidney injury through the activating the signaling pathway of Nrf2 and promoting its nuclear translocation. Conclusion Silymarin exhibited a protective effect against PQ-induced kidney injury, suggesting that treatment with this flavonoid could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute kidney injury.
Collision of the COVID 19 Lockdown on Women Entrepreneurship in Uttarakhand: A Micro-level Analysis
Authors: Srinivasu Bathula , Bhatia Shilpa , Gupta Ankita 
Published: February 2022

Women entrepreneurs have been facing various challenges in the sustenance of their enterprises. During the COVID-19 lockdown in India, their vulnerability doubled due to the financial distress. In the backdrop of this, the paper measures the direct and indirect impact via forward and backward linkages of women entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 lockdown. Further, it examines their sustainability and the challenges they faced during the lockdown. The paper is based on primary data using a pre-structured questionnaire from 50 women entrepreneurs in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. Analyses have been performed using principal components analysis, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Mann–Whitney U test and Chi-square test. The paper exhibits that both the direct and indirect impacts via forward and backward linkages have been more significant on women entrepreneurs. However, women entrepreneurs tried to sustain their business by switching towards online conduct of business, changing their promotional strategy and doing work from home. A major challenge faced by them is the lack of finance, and they relied on their previous savings to finance the expenditure. JEL: L25, L26