bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling or Subverting Legal Violence? Expert Witnesses in Immigration Proceedings
Authors: Heidbrink Lauren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDo expert witnesses enable legal violence by participating in a repressive immigration system? Drawing from over 20 years of court watching, accompaniment, and expert witness testimony, this article discusses some of the complications, contradictions, and ethical dilemmas in applying anthropological knowledge to immigration proceedings particularly for child applicants. For example, how might we effectively support individual claims to limited forms of legal relief while not essentializing cultures and countries? How do we resist reductive claims that victimize children and pathologize their parents? This is profoundly challenging, yet also a powerful opportunity. As in fieldwork, engaging with these dilemmas in practice often yields productive insights into how we might educate attorneys and judges from within.
Necessity of rice resistance to planthoppers for OsEXO70H3 regulating SAMSL excretion and lignin deposition in cell walls
Authors: Wu Di , Guo Jianping , Zhang Qian , Shi Shaojie , Guan Wei , Zhou Cong , Chen Rongzhi , Du Bo , Zhu Lili , He Guangcun 
Published: February 2022

Summary

The planthopper resistance gene Bph6 encodes a protein that interacts with OsEXO70E1. EXO70 forms a family of paralogues in rice. We hypothesized that the EXO70‐dependent trafficking pathway affects the excretion of resistance‐related proteins, thus impacting plant resistance to planthoppers. Here, we further explored the function of EXO70 members in rice resistance against planthoppers.

We used the yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation assays to identify proteins that play roles in Bph6‐mediated planthopper resistance. The functions of the identified proteins were characterized via gene transformation, plant resistance evaluation, insect performance, cell excretion observation and cell wall component analyses.

We discovered that another EXO70 member, OsEXO70H3, interacted with BPH6 and functioned in cell excretion and in Bph6‐mediated planthopper resistance. We further found that OsEXO70H3 interacted with an S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase‐like protein (SAMSL) and increased the delivery of SAMSL outside the cells. The functional impairment of OsEXO70H3 and SAMSL reduced the lignin content and the planthopper resistance level of rice plants.

Our results suggest that OsEXO70H3 may recruit SAMSL and help its excretion to the apoplast where it may be involved in lignin deposition in cell walls, thus contributing to rice resistance to planthoppers.
Technology in care systems: Displacing, reshaping, reinstating or degrading roles?
Authors: Hamblin Kate A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the United Kingdom and further afield, policy discourse has focused on the efficiencies technology will afford the care sector by increasing workforce capacity at a time when there are recruitment and retention issues. Previous research has explored the impact of telecare and other technologies on roles within the care sector, but issues related to job quality and the consequences of newer digital technologies that are increasingly being deployed in care settings are under researched. Through an exploration of the literature on robotics and empirical studies of telecare and mainstream ‘smart’ digital technology use in UK adult social care, this paper examines how these technologies are generating new forms of work and their implications for job quality, arguing the tendency to prioritise technology results in the creation ‘machine babysitters’ and ‘fauxtomatons’.
Plants utilise ancient conserved peptide upstream open reading frames in stress‐responsive translational regulation
Authors: Causier Barry , Hopes Tayah , McKay Mary , Paling Zachary , Davies Brendan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe regulation of protein synthesis plays an important role in the growth and development of all organisms. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are commonly found in eukaryotic messenger RNA transcripts and typically attenuate the translation of associated downstream main ORFs (mORFs). Conserved peptide uORFs (CPuORFs) are a rare subset of uORFs, some of which have been shown to conditionally regulate translation by ribosome stalling. Here, we show that Arabidopsis CPuORF19, CPuORF46 and CPuORF47, which are ancient in origin, regulate translation of any downstream ORF, in response to the agriculturally significant environmental signals, heat stress and water limitation. Consequently, these CPuORFs represent a versatile toolkit for inducible gene expression with broad applications. Finally, we note that different classes of CPuORFs may operate during distinct phases of translation, which has implications for the bioengineering of these regulatory factors.
Salt tolerance in relation to elemental concentrations in leaf cell vacuoles and chloroplasts of a C4 monocotyledonous halophyte
Authors: Oi Takao , Clode Peta L , Taniguchi Mitsutaka , Colmer Timothy D , Kotula Lukasz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHalophytes accumulate and sequester high concentrations of salt in vacuoles while maintaining lower levels of salt in the cytoplasm. The current data on cellular and subcellular partitioning of salt in halophytes are, however, limited to only a few dicotyledonous C3 species. Using cryo‐scanning electron microscopy X‐ray microanalysis, we assessed the concentrations of Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P and S in various cell types within the leaf‐blades of a monocotyledonous C4 halophyte, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). We also linked, for the first time, elemental concentrations in chloroplasts of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells to their ultrastructure and photosynthetic performance of plants grown in nonsaline and saline (200 mM NaCl) conditions. Na and Cl accumulated to the highest levels in xylem parenchyma and epidermal cells, but were maintained at lower concentrations in photosynthetically active mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Concentrations of Na and Cl in chloroplasts of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells were lower than in their respective vacuoles. No ultrastructural changes were observed in either mesophyll or bundle sheath chloroplasts, and photosynthetic activity was maintained in saline conditions. Salinity tolerance in Rhodes grass is related to specific cellular Na and Cl distributions in leaf tissues, and the ability to regulate Na and Cl concentrations in chloroplasts.
One and done? Exploring linkages between households' intended adaptations to climate‐induced floods
Authors: Noll Brayton , Filatova Tatiana , Need Ariana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs climate change increases the probability and severity of natural hazards, the need for coordinated adaptation at all levels of society intensifies. Governmental‐level adaptation measures are essential, but insufficient in the face of growing risks, necessitating complementary action from households. Apprehending the drivers of household adaptation is critical if governments are to stimulate protective behavior effectively. While past work has focused on the behavioral drivers of household adaptation, little attention has been paid to understanding the relationships between adaptation measures themselves—both previously undergone and additionally (planned) intended adaptation(s). Using survey data (N = 4,688) from four countries—the United States, China, Indonesia, and the Netherlands—we utilize protection motivation theory to account for the behavioral drivers of household adaptation to the most devastating climate‐driven hazard: flooding. We analyze how past and additionally intended adaptations involving structural modification to one's home affect household behavior. We find that both prior adaptations and additionally intended adaptation have a positive effect on intending a specific adaptation. Further, we note that once links between adaptations are accounted for, the effect that worry has on motivating specific actions, substantially lessens. This suggests that while threat appraisal is important in initially determining if households intend to adapt, it is households' adaptive capacity that determines how. Our analysis reveals that household structural modifications may be nonmarginal. This could indicate that past action and intention to pursue one action trigger intentions for other adaptations, a finding with implications for estimating the speed and scope of household adaptation diffusion.
Who am I and what do my peers think: How do gender identity and peer norms relate to other‐gender friendships
Authors: Andrews Naomi C. Z. , Cook Rachel E. , Martin Carol Lynn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThough there is increasing awareness of the potential benefits of other‐gender interactions and friendships, there has been little research examining the factors that might act as barriers or promoters of such friendships. Our goal was to explore both individual‐level factors (i.e., gender identity) and indicators of the social environment (i.e., perceived peer norms) that might relate to other‐gender friendships. Sixth graders (N = 396, 47% girls; 65% White) nominated friends in their classrooms, reported their similarity to both own‐ and other‐gender peers and reported on perceived peer norms related to other‐gender interaction. Results indicated that, in general, feeling similar to other‐gender youth was associated with more other‐gender friends. Positive peer norms (e.g., heightened respect) but not negative norms (e.g., teasing) also were associated with more other‐gender friends. Findings have implications for the importance of broadening our understanding of friendship homophily to consider gendered interests/similarities in addition to gender category. Further, the promotion of positive peer norms over negative ones might be an effective means of intervention to promote other‐gender friendships.
Evaluation of geriatric trauma in dogs with moderate to severe injury (6169 cases): A VetCOT registry study
Authors: Young Anda A. , Cooper Edward , Yaxley Page , Habing Greg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine geriatric classification as a predictor of survival in moderate to severely injured dogs denoted by animal trauma triage (ATT) scores ≥3 or modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) scores ≤14.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study utilizing data collected between September 2013 and May 2019 with follow‐up until death or hospital discharge.SettingThirty‐one trauma centers including university teaching hospitals and private referral centers.AnimalsA total of 6169 dogs entered into the Veterinary Committee on Trauma Registry with complete data entry including age, weight, outcome, mGCS (≤14), and/or ATT (≥3).InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe effect of geriatric classification on survival was estimated using shared‐frailty cox proportional hazard models. Model 1 dependent variables: death despite intervention or euthanasia due to grave prognosis. Model 2 dependent variables: death by euthanasia due to financial influence or combined influence of finances and grave prognosis. Model 3 evaluated interactions between geriatric classification and moderate versus severe trauma. The shared‐frailty models controlled for contributing site as a random effect and other confounding variables, including trauma severity. Model 1: geriatrics had a significantly increased hazard risk (HR) for death (HR = 1.48, P < 0.0001). Model 2: geriatrics had an insignificant increased HR for death (HR = 1.34, P = 0.08). Model 3: geriatrics demonstrated significantly increased mortality risk with moderate level trauma. Additional Model 1 variables independently associated with mortality include ATT perfusion, neurologic, respiratory subscores, mGCS motor subscore, weight, and spinal trauma. Additional Model 2 variables independently associated with mortality include ATT perfusion subscore and neuter status. In general, statistical differences between cohorts were found with regard to lactate, PCV, total protein, and glucose.ConclusionsAmong moderately injured dogs who experienced death despite intervention or euthanasia due to grave prognosis, mortality risk is significantly higher in geriatrics as compared to nongeriatrics.
Collaborative practices with parents and primary caregivers in pediatric occupational therapy: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lage Carla Ribeiro , Wright Shelley , de Souza Monteiro Rafaelle Gracine , Boshoff Kobie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to identify and describe the available literature on current collaborative practices with parents and primary caregivers in pediatric occupational therapy. The review will also explore the definition of collaborative practices and the therapeutic approaches employed in the literature.

Introduction:
The family-centered approach in occupational therapy has proven effective in supporting families’ education about their child's condition, as well as intervention strategies. One of the pillars of this approach is parent-therapist collaboration. Collaborative practices enable shared decision-making and mutual engagement between families and professionals. The literature has shown inconsistencies in the definitions, language, and implementation of collaborative practices and family-centered literature. Such inconsistencies have been hindering the transition from traditional service delivery to a family-centered approach.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include studies investigating collaborative practices in pediatric occupational therapy. Accepted studies must include a description of the therapeutic practices undertaken and an explanation of how the collaboration between parents and/or primary caregivers and professionals occurred. All pediatric occupational therapy areas will be considered for inclusion, including practices with other disciplines. However, studies including only adolescents or using child-centered interventions exclusively will be excluded.

Methods:
The search will employ indexed terms and keywords in seven databases (MEDLINE, PsyclNFO, ERIC, Embase, OTseeker, Scopus, and ProQuest Central). Eligible sources must be written in English, and will not be limited to date range or location. Data will be extracted, charted, and descriptively analyzed by four reviewers based on JBI recommendations. Study findings will be presented and mapped in tables and diagrams to address the study aims.
Rapid reviews and the methodological rigor of evidence synthesis: a JBI position statement
Authors: Tricco Andrea C. , Khalil Hanan , Holly Cheryl , Feyissa Garumma , Godfrey Christina , Evans Catrin , Sawchuck Diane , Sudhakar Morankar , Asahngwa Constantine , Stannard Daphne , Abdulahi Misra , Bonnano Laura , Aromataris Edoardo , McInerney Patricia , Wilson Rosemary , Pang Dong , Wang Zhiwen , Cardoso Ana Filipa , Peters Micah D.J. , Marnie Casey , Barker Timothy , Pollock Danielle , McArthur Alexa , Munn Zachary 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The demand for rapid reviews has exploded in recent years. A rapid review is an approach to evidence synthesis that provides timely information to decision-makers (eg, health care planners, providers, policymakers, patients) by simplifying the evidence synthesis process. A rapid review is particularly appealing for urgent decisions. JBI is a world-renowned international collaboration for evidence synthesis and implementation methodologies. The principles for JBI evidence synthesis include comprehensiveness, rigor, transparency, and a focus on applicability to clinical practice. As such, JBI has not yet endorsed a specific approach for rapid reviews. In this paper, we compare rapid reviews versus other types of evidence synthesis, provide a range of rapid evidence products, outline how to appraise the quality of rapid reviews, and present the JBI position on rapid reviews. JBI Collaborating Centers conduct rapid reviews for decision-makers in specific circumstances, such as limited time or funding constraints. A standardized approach is not used for these cases;instead, the evidence synthesis methods are tailored to the needs of the decision-maker. The urgent need to deliver timely evidence to decision-makers poses challenges to JBI's mission to produce high-quality, trustworthy evidence. However, JBI recognizes the value of rapid reviews as part of the evidence synthesis ecosystem. As such, it is recommended that rapid reviews be conducted with the same methodological rigor and transparency expected of JBI reviews. Most importantly, transparency is essential, and the rapid review should clearly report where any simplification in the steps of the evidence synthesis process has been taken.
Optimized Joint Coordinate System Achieves Clinically Meaningful Kinematics of the Tibiofemoral Joint as Compared to the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) Recommendation
Authors: Haudenschild Anne , Hull Maury 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantification of clinically meaningful tibiofemoral motions requires a coordinate system where motions are free from kinematic crosstalk errors. The objectives were to 1) develop an algorithm for assigning an optimized joint coordinate system (OPT JCS) that minimizes kinematic crosstalk errors based on a kinematic model of the tibiofemoral joint, 2) determine tibiofemoral kinematics of the native (i.e. healthy) knee during deep knee bend using OPT JCS and a coordinate system recommended by the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB JCS), and 3) determine whether OPT JCS significantly reduces kinematic crosstalk errors compared to ISB JCS. A novel algorithm was developed for assigning a patient-specific, OPT JCS based on a two rotational degree-of-freedom kinematic model, which included flexion-extension and internal-external tibial rotation axes. Single-plane fluoroscopic images of native knees of 13 subjects performing deep knee bend were analyzed to show that tibiofemoral kinematics using OPT-JCS fell within the physiological range of motion in all six degrees of freedom. Internal rotation of the tibia with respect to the femur averaged 11 deg and off-axis motions were minimal as expected based on biomechanical constraints. In contrast, off-axis motions for ISB JCS were non-physiologic; maximum valgus rotation was 12 deg, maximum posterior translation was 12 mm, and maximum distraction translation was 28 mm. Hence, an optimized JCS achieved clinically meaningful kinematics by significantly reducing kinematic crosstalk errors compared to the ISB recommendation and is the more suitable coordinate system for evaluating tibiofemoral joint function.
Fault Diagnosis of Bearings Using Recurrences and Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Sharma Aditya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Rolling element bearings are one of the most common mechanical components used in a wide variety of rotating systems. The performance of these systems is closely associated with the health of bearings. In this study, a nonlinear time series analysis method, i.e., recurrence analysis is utilized to assess the health of bearings using time domain data. The recurrence analysis acquires the quantitative measures from the recurrence plots and provides an insight to the system under investigations. Experiments are performed to generate the vibration data from the healthy and faulty bearing. Eight recurrence quantitative analysis measures and five time-domain measures are used for the investigations. Three artificial intelligence techniques: rotation forest, artificial neural network, and support vector machine are employed to quantify the diagnosis performance. Results highlight the ability of recurrence analysis to identify the health state of the bearing at the early stage and superior diagnosis accuracy of the proposed methodology.
Does Complex Training Enhance Vertical Jump Performance and Muscle Power in Elite Male Volleyball Players?
Authors: Berriel Guilherme P. , Cardoso Ananda S. , Costa Rochelle R. , Rosa Rodrigo G. , Oliveira Henrique B. , Kruel Luiz Fernando M. , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo A. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The authors aimed to compare the effects of 4 weeks jump versus complex training methods on lower limb muscle power and maximal isokinetic torque of knee extensors and flexors in elite male volleyball players. Methods: Sixteen male volleyball players were allocated into 2 groups, jump training (n = 8; 27.0 [5.7] y, 94.3 [7.6] kg) and complex training (with induction of postactivation performance enhancement, n = 8; 26.6 [3.6] y, 94.2 [6.3] kg). All individuals performed jump training 2 sessions/wk, and the complex group received induction training with postactivation performance enhancement and jump training. Results: After 4 weeks, an increase in countermovement jump height (jump: 49.0 [1.2] to 52.7 [2.1] cm and complex: 49.2 [1.1] to 53.3 [1.9] cm; P = .009) and power (jump: 29.5 [1.1] to 34.3 [1.4] W and complex: 30.4 [0.9] to 34.4 [1.08] W; P = .001) was observed without significant differences between groups and without significant group × time interaction (P > .05). Also, no significant difference was observed between and within groups for the isokinetic peak torque at low speeds (60 and 180°s), although total muscle work and knee extensor/flexor ratio increased from pretraining to posttraining at 300° seconds similarly in both groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that jump performance and power, knee extensor/flexor ratio, and total muscle work increased after 4 weeks of jump and complex training. However, the inclusion of heavy resistance stimulus did not elicit any additional improvements in the vertical jump performance and isokinetic strength of elite volleyball players.
Augmented-reality telementoring for leg fasciotomy: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: McPherson John , Kennedy C , Slobogean G , Hilsden R , Talbot M 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundProlonged field care is required when casualty evacuation to a surgical facility is delayed by distance, weather or tactical constraints. This situation can occur in both civilian and military environments. In these circumstances, there are no established treatment options for extremity compartment syndrome. Telementoring by a surgeon may enable the local clinician to perform a fasciotomy to decompress the affected compartments.MethodsSix military clinicians were asked to perform a two-incision leg fasciotomy in synthetic models under the guidance of an orthopaedic surgeon located 380 km away. Communication occurred through commercially available software and smartglasses, which also allowed the surgeon to send augmented-reality graphics to the operators. Two blinded surgeons evaluated the specimens according to objective criteria. Control specimens were added to ensure the integrity of the evaluation process.ResultsThe six study participants were military physician assistants who had extensive clinical experience but had never performed a fasciotomy. The average duration of the procedure was 53 min. All six procedures were completed without major errors: release of all four compartments was achieved through full-length incisions in the skin and fascia. The only surgical complication was a laceration of the saphenous vein. All three control specimens were correctly assessed by the evaluators. None of the participants experienced adverse effects from wearing the smartglasses. Four dropped calls occurred, but the connection was re-established in all cases.ConclusionAll six surgical procedures were completed successfully. We attribute the dropped calls to a mismatch between the size of the graphic files and the available bandwidth. A better technical understanding of the software by the mentoring surgeon would have avoided this problem. Important considerations for future research and practice include protocols for dropped communications, surgical skills training for the operators and communication training for the surgeons.