bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making an invisible care workforce visible: a survey of domestic workers in three cities in China
Authors: Sa Zhihong , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDomestic workers are a fast-growing segment of the labor force in China, but their work remains invisible. Using a respondent-driven sampling survey data collected in Beijing, Jinan, and Changsha during 2019 and 2020 (N = 2,20), this study provides socio-demographic and work profiles of domestic workers in these cities. Most domestic workers are rural women with junior-high-school or lower education. They are predominantly informal workers with no labor contract and have no access to labor rights protections and social security. A majority of domestic workers have done overtime work that is often underpaid or unpaid. Live-in domestic workers work excessive hours and earn significantly less per hour than their live-out counterparts. While the hourly wages of child and elder care workers are significantly lower than those of other domestic workers, the hourly pay of elder care workers is the lowest. Despite the working conditions, domestic workers have high levels of job satisfaction probably partly due to their low perceived value of paid domestic work. Policy implications of this study include the formulation of specialized laws to protect domestic workers’ labor rights and regulate family employers’ behaviors, improving informal domestic workers’ access to social security, change the social norms that devalue care work mainly performed by women, and collecting systematic statistics of paid domestic work.
Exploring machine learning: a scientometrics approach using bibliometrix and VOSviewer
Authors: Oyewola David Opeoluwa , Dada Emmanuel Gbenga 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMachine Learning has found application in solving complex problems in different fields of human endeavors such as intelligent gaming, automated transportation, cyborg technology, environmental protection, enhanced health care, innovation in banking and home security, and smart homes. This research is motivated by the need to explore the global structure of machine learning to ascertain the level of bibliographic coupling, collaboration among research institutions, co-authorship network of countries, and sources coupling in publications on machine learning techniques. The Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) was applied to clustering prediction of authors dominance ranking in this paper. Publications related to machine learning were retrieved and extracted from the Dimensions database with no language restrictions. Bibliometrix was employed in computation and visualization to extract bibliographic information and perform a descriptive analysis. VOSviewer (version 1.6.16) tool was used to construct and visualize structure map of source coupling networks of researchers and co-authorship. About 10,814 research papers on machine learning published from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved for the research. Experimental results showed that the highest degree of betweenness centrality was obtained from cluster 3 with 153.86 from the University of California and Harvard University with 24.70. In cluster 1, the national university of Singapore has the highest degree betweenness of 91.72. Also, in cluster 5, the University of Cambridge (52.24) and imperial college London (4.52) having the highest betweenness centrality manifesting that he could control the collaborative relationship and that they possessed and controlled a large number of research resources. Findings revealed that this work has the potential to provide valuable guidance for new perspectives and future research work in the rapidly developing field of machine learning.
Removal of toxic elements from aqueous environments using nano zero-valent iron- and iron oxide-modified biochar: a review
Authors: Shaheen Sabry M. , Mosa Ahmed , Natasha  , Abdelrahman Hamada , Niazi Nabeel Khan , Antoniadis Vasileios , Shahid Muhammad , Song Hocheol , Kwon Eilhann E. , Rinklebe Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiochar (BC) has gained attention for removal of toxic elements (TEs) from aqueous media; however, pristine biochar often exhibits low adsorption capability. Thus, various modification strategies in BC have been developed to improve its removal capability against TEs. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and iron oxides (FeOx) have been used as sorbents for TE removal. However, these materials are prone to agglomeration and also expensive, which make their usage limited for large-scale applications. The nZVI technical demerits could be resolved by the development of BC-based composite sorbents through the loading of nZVI or FeOx onto BC surface. Nano zero-valent iron modified BC (nZVIBC), FeOx-modified BC (FeOxBC) have attracted attention for their capability in removing pollutants from the aqueous phases. Nonetheless, a potential use of nZVIBC and FeOxBC for TE removal from aqueous environments has not been well-realized or reviewed. As such, this article reviews: (i) the preparation and characterization of nZVIBC and FeOxBC; (ii) the capacity of nZVIBC and FeOxBC for TE retention in line with their physicochemical properties, and (iii) TE removal mechanisms by nZVIBC and FeOxBC. Adopting nZVI and FeOx in BC increases its sporptive capability of TEs due to surface modifications in morphology, functional groups, and elemental composition. The combined effects of BC and nZVI, FeOx or Fe salts on the sorption of TEs are complex because they are very specific to TEs. This review identified significant opportunities for research and technology advancement of nZVIBC and FeOxBC as novel and effective sorbents for the remediation of TEs contaminated water.
Two-Sided Matching Decision-Making in an Incomplete and Heterogeneous Context: A Optimization-Based Method
Authors: Qin Junchang , Fan Sha , Liang Haiming , Li Cong-Cong , Dong Yucheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDriven by the development of platform economy, two-sided matching decision-making (TSDM) has become one of the most important applications in the field of intelligent computation system. Many recommendation systems based on TSDM have facilitated our life. However, in the existing studies on TSDM, it is usually assumed that all the individuals provide their preference orderings accurately, and have the same stable demand. In this paper, we develop an optimization method to solve the TSDM problem with incomplete weak preference ordering and heterogeneous fuzzy stable demand (i.e., TSDM-IH method). First, based on the incomplete weak preference ordering by the individuals in the two-sided matching party, we calculate the expectation ordinal values for each individual. Then, we calculate the perceived difference matrices and the perceived value matrices for the individuals in the two-sided matching party. Next, we analyze the fuzzy expression on the fuzzy stable demand for each individual, and obtain the constraint for obtaining the stable alternatives. Furthermore, we develop an optimization model which maximizes the perceived values of individuals in the two-sided matching party. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the TSDM-IH method.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Sexual Medicine: A Primer
Authors: Mills-Finnerty Colleen , Frangos Eleni , Allen Kachina , Komisaruk Barry , Wise Nan 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundOver the past 30 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has emerged as a powerful tool to non-invasively study the activity and function of the human brain. But along with the potential of fMRI to shed light on neurological, psychiatric, and psychological processes, there are methodological challenges and criticisms.AimWe herein provide an fMRI primer designed for a diverse audience, from the neuroimaging novice to the experienced user.MethodsThis primer is structured as follows: Part 1: Overview: “What is fMRI and what can it tell us?.” Part 2: Basic fMRI principles: MR physics, the BOLD signal, and components of a typical scan session. Part 3: Basic fMRI experimental design: why timing is critical, and common sources of noise in the signal. Part 4: Basic fMRI analysis methods: software, the 3 stages of data analysis (preprocessing, individual, and group level), and a survey of advanced topics and methods including connectivity, machine learning, and assessing statistical significance. Part 5: Criticism, crises, and opportunities related to power of studies, computing requirements, logistical, and interpretational challenges, and methodological debate (assessing causality, circular correlations, and open science best practices).Outcomes n/a Clinical TranslationfMRI has primarily been used in clinical research to elucidate the brain correlates of sexual behavior. The translational potential of the method into clinical practice has not yet been realizedfMRI has primarily been used in clinical research to elucidate the brain correlates of sexual behavior. The translational potential of the method into clinical practice has not yet been realizedStrengths and LimitationsfMRI is a useful and powerful tool for understanding the brain basis of human sexuality. However, it is also expensive, requires extensive methods expertise, and lacks the precision needed to be immediately translatable to clinical practice. The recency of the method, need for basic research, technical limitations, as well as inherent variability in individuals brain activity also impact the pace at which fMRI for sexual medicine can move from the scanner to the clinic.ConclusionThis primer provides the novice an understanding of the appropriate uses and limitations of fMRI, and for the experienced user, a concise update on current issues and methodological advances.
Actuator fault modeling and fault-tolerant tracking control of multi-vectored propeller aerostat
Authors: Chen L. , Dong Q. , Yan Z.R. , Liu J.G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor a multi-vectored propeller aerostat with actuator faults, this study presents a fault-tolerant tracking control strategy, which includes fault modeling, observer, force estimation and tracking controller. Fault modeling considers the four types of faults of vectored propellers, namely, thrust offset, thrust efficiency loss, vectored angle offset and vectored angle stuck. Actuator faults can be determined from the fault observer, which identifies the thrust offset from the acceleration difference of the faulty aerostat with the ideal model. For tracking positions, a traditional PID controller is constructed with virtual control, compensated with the estimated fault force. The control allocation scheme is proposed to redistribute the available actuators in case faults occur. Simulation results of position tracking prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
What are Paradoxes?
Authors: COWIE CHRISTOPHER 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccording to a standard view, paradoxes are arguments with plausible premises that entail an implausible conclusion. This is false. In many paradoxes the premises are not plausibleprecisely becausethey entail an implausible conclusion. Obvious responses to this problem—including that the premises are individually plausible and that they are plausible setting aside the fact that they entail an implausible conclusion—are shown to be inadequate. A very different view of paradox is then introduced. This is a functionalist view according to which paradoxes are the kinds of things that puzzle people in characteristic ways. It is claimed that this view, too, fails and for the very same reason. The result is a new puzzle about the nature of paradoxes.
TARGET VOLATILITY STRATEGIES FOR GROUP SELF-ANNUITY PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Olivieri Annamaria , Thirurajah Samuel , Ziveyi Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile the current pandemic is causing mortality shocks globally, the management of longevity risk remains a major challenge for both individuals and institutions. It is high time there be private market solutions designed for efficient longevity risk transfer among various stakeholders such as individuals, pension funds and annuity providers. From individuals’ point of view, appealing features of post-retirement solutions include stable and satisfactory benefit levels, flexibility, meeting bequest preferences and low fees. This paper proposes a dynamic target volatility strategy for group self-annuitization (GSA) schemes aimed at enhancing living benefits for pool participants. More specifically, we suggest investing GSA funds in a portfolio consisting of equity and cash, continuously rebalanced to maintain a target volatility level. The performance of a dynamic target volatility strategy is assessed against the static case which does not involve portfolio rebalancing. Benefit profiles are assessed by analysing quantiles and alternative strategies involving varying equity compositions. The case of death benefits is included, and the fund dynamics analysed by assessing resulting investment returns and the mortality credits. Overall, higher living benefit profiles are obtained under a dynamic target volatility strategy. From the analysis performed, a trade-off between the equity proportion and the impact on the lower quantile of the living benefit amount emerges, suggesting an optimal proportion of equity composition.
Opportunities for penicillin allergy evaluation in dental clinics
Authors: Vivo Amanda , Durkin Michael J. , Kale Ibuola , Boyer Taylor , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Evans Charlesnika T. , Jurasic M. Marianne , Gibson Gretchen , Suda Katie J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate opportunities for assessing penicillin allergies among patients presenting to dental clinics.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting:
VA dental clinics.

Patients:
Adult patients with a documented penicillin allergy who received an antibiotic from a dentist between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, were included.

Methods:
Chart reviews were completed on random samples of 100 patients who received a noncephalosporin antibiotic and 200 patients who received a cephalosporin. Each allergy was categorized by severity. These categories were used to determine patient eligibility for 3 testing groups based on peer-reviewed algorithms: (1) no testing, (2) skin testing, and (3) oral test-dose challenge. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to compare facility and patient demographics first between true penicillin allergy, pseudo penicillin allergy, and missing allergy documentation, and between those who received a cephalosporin and those who did not at the dental visit.

Results:
Overall, 19% lacked documentation of the nature of allergic reaction, 53% were eligible for skin testing, 27% were eligible for an oral test-dose challenge, and 1% were contraindicated from testing. Male patients and African American patients were less likely to receive a cephalosporin.

Conclusions:
Most penicillin-allergic patients in the VA receiving an antibiotic from a dentist are eligible for penicillin skin testing or an oral penicillin challenge. Further research is needed to understand the role of dentists and dental clinics in assessing penicillin allergies.
Taste and mining culture in early modern Spanish worlds
Authors: Vélez-Posada Andrés , Saldarriaga Gregorio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article we examine the intertwined relationship between taste and mining culture in early modern Spanish worlds, highlighting descriptions of metals and minerals through which taste appears as an epistemic marker with symbolic dimensions. Drawing on different documents regarding mining practices, mineral vocabulary and metal appreciation in Spain, New Spain, Peru and the New Kingdom of Granada (c.1550–1640), our article contends that knowing minerals through taste in the Spanish worlds was part of a practice engaged with the senses, the body politic and its cosmological order.
Recanalization and Functional Outcome in Patients with Cervico-cephalic Arterial Dissections
Authors: Wadhwa Ankur , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Menon Bijoy K. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Bal Simerpreet 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:Cervico-cephalic arterial dissections (CeAD) are an important cause of stroke in young patients. This study aimed to determine the frequency and predictors of recanalization in spontaneous CeAD and to study the effect of recanalization on functional outcomes.Methods:We identified patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke secondary to CeAD from the CT angiography (CTA) database of the Calgary Stroke Program. Dissections were diagnosed based on standard clinical and imaging findings. At the discretion of treating stroke Neurologists, the patients were either treated with single antiplatelet or dual antiplatelet or triple therapy. Follow-up imaging with CTA, magnetic resonance imaging, and DSA was completed, and a Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was performed to determine the outcome.Results:Fifty-six patients with CeAdD were studied. Thirty-four patients (18 VAD; vertebral artery dissection and 16 CAD; carotid artery dissection) were followed up for recanalization. Complete recanalization was observed in 27 subjects; 13 patients with VAD recanalized in comparison to 14 with CAD (p = 0.40). All non-recanalized patients had hypertension. A good clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) was observed in 47 patients. Interestingly, the likelihood of a good neurological outcome was not influenced by recanalization status. There was no difference in clinical outcome for different sites in VAD, whereas patients with intracranial CAD had severe strokes (NIHSS > 21).Conclusions:CeAD has good recanalization rates and neurological outcomes, with recanalization seen even in vessels with initial complete occlusion. The presence of hypertension may influence recanalization. The efficacy of dual antiplatelets and heparin for early recanalization needs to be assessed in future clinical trials.
Civilian Population Victimization: A Systematic Review Comparing Humanitarian and Health Outcomes in Conventional and Hybrid Warfare
Authors: Khorram-Manesh Amir , Burkle Frederick M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to summarize the Hybrid War’s core characteristics and humanitarian and medical impacts.

Method:
A Systematic Literature Review according to PRISMA guidelines, using the following keywords, ‘Hybrid War,’ ‘Humanitarian Law,’ ‘Human Rights,’ ‘Lawfare,’ and search engines PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Gothenburg University’s database to collect literature from 2000 to 2022 in English was conducted. The eligibility of qualified articles was assessed, an inductive qualitative thematic analysis was applied, and the scientific evidence of each selected piece was evaluated.

Results:
The objectives of a Hybrid War are to achieve the tactical and strategic goals in a battle rather than to save civilian lives. It involves networks of state and non-state actors with various means of military and militia influences and strategies, creating difficulties in implementing, controlling, and evaluating the International Humanitarian Law’s “A State responsibility” principle, to gain insight into an armed conflict. It targets populated civilian areas and raises ethical and moral concerns by using Lawfare.

Conclusions:
Hybrid War’s multi-domain action should be met with multi-dimensional approaches and a doctrine of ‘acceptable losses.’ Its characteristics and consequences should be learned and taught. Several measures need to be implemented to counteract its impacts, and a flexible surge capacity should be designed, planned, and executed.
Cultural variation in running techniques among non-industrial societies
Authors: Wallace Ian J. , Kraft Thomas S. , Venkataraman Vivek V. , Davis Helen E. , Holowka Nicholas B. , Harris Alexandra R. , Lieberman Daniel E. , Gurven Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Research among non-industrial societies suggests that body kinematics adopted during running vary between groups according to the cultural importance of running. Among groups in which running is common and an important part of cultural identity, runners tend to adopt what exercise scientists and coaches consider to be good technique for avoiding injury and maximising performance. In contrast, among groups in which running is not particularly culturally important, people tend to adopt suboptimal technique. This paper begins by describing key elements of good running technique, including landing with a forefoot or midfoot strike pattern and leg oriented roughly vertically. Next, we review evidence from non-industrial societies that cultural attitudes about running associate with variation in running techniques. Then, we present new data from Tsimane forager–horticulturalists in Bolivia. Our findings suggest that running is neither a common activity among the Tsimane nor is it considered an important part of cultural identity. We also demonstrate that when Tsimane do run, they tend to use suboptimal technique, specifically landing with a rearfoot strike pattern and leg protracted ahead of the knee (called overstriding). Finally, we discuss processes by which culture might influence variation in running techniques among non-industrial societies, including self-optimisation and social learning.
Tumour-associated macrophages heterogeneity drives resistance to clinical therapy
Authors: Guo Shuangshuang , Chen Xiaojing , Guo Chuhong , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that can account for up to 50% of solid tumours. TAMs heterogeneous are associated with different cancer types and stages, different stimulation of bioactive molecules and different TME, which are crucial drivers of tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. In this context, understanding the sources and regulatory mechanisms of TAM heterogeneity and searching for novel therapies targeting TAM subpopulations are essential for future studies. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence highlighting the redefinition of TAM heterogeneity from three different directions: origins, phenotypes and functions. We notably focus on the causes and consequences of TAM heterogeneity which have implications for the evolution of therapeutic strategies that targeted the subpopulations of TAMs.
Impact of alcohol-based hand-rub disinfection on bacterial bioburden on stethoscopes in a real-world clinical setting
Authors: Johnson Alexandra A. , Warren Bobby G. , Anderson Deverick J. , Johnson Melissa D. , Gamez Isabella , Smith Becky A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this randomized study, use of alcohol-based hand-rub disinfection significantly reduced bacterial bioburden of stethoscopes in routine clinical use. Prior cleaning of stethoscopes on the study day did not affect baseline contamination rates, which suggests that the efficacy of alcohol disinfection is short-lived and may need to be repeated between patients.