bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambulation status at an acute care hospital predicts pneumonia and mortality in stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamauchi Kota , Kumagae Kenichi , Goto Kei , Harayama Eisei , Tanaka Shota , Hagiwara Risa , Uchida Yoshiko , Kuroyama Sota , Koyanagi Yasuhiro , Arakawa Shuji 
Published: June 2022

AimHigher post‐stroke functional performance is associated with lower mortality in patients with stroke. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ambulation ability in the acute phase of stroke, and pneumonia and mortality 1 year after stroke onset.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included consecutive stroke patients between April 2008 and December 2018. Patients were divided into six groups according to their Functional Ambulation Category score at discharge (0 [unable to walk] to 5 [able to walk independently]). We observed pneumonia cases and all‐cause mortality over 1 year, and investigated the association between Functional Ambulation Category score and pneumonia or mortality. Survival analysis was carried out using Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank tests and Cox regression models.ResultsWe analyzed 1727 consecutive patients (median age 77 years; 54% men). During the observation period, 144 patients (8.3%) experienced pneumonia and 157 (9.1%) died. Increasing ambulatory impairment showed stepwise relationships with the risk of pneumonia and mortality. Compared with patients with a Functional Ambulation Category score of 5, those with scores of 4 and 3 showed no significant association with pneumonia risk; a score ≤2 was significantly different. There was a stepwise relationship between increased gait disturbance and risk of death compared with the Functional Ambulation Category 5 group.ConclusionsAmbulation ability at discharge from an acute hospital is an important predictor of pneumonia incidence and survival in stroke patients at 1 year; these associations were observed even after controlling for clinical parameters, such as stroke severity and comorbidity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 554–559.
Pressurised hot water extraction of phenolic compounds with a focus on eriocitrin and hesperidin from lemon peel
Authors: Alasalvar Hamza , Kaya Murat , Berktas Serap , Basyigit Bülent , Cam Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIn this study, the extraction of bioactive compounds from lemon peel, a by‐product of the food industry, was investigated using pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) at different extraction temperatures (40–200 °C) and times (5–30 min) under 10.34 MPa pressure. The selectivity of the PHWE process on eriocitrin and hesperidin extraction was also tested. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (59.57 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1), total flavonoid content (TFC) (8.22 mg catechin equivalents g−1) and antioxidant capacity by DPPH (42.59 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1) were obtained at 160 °C for 30 min. The maximum eriocitrin (30.41 mg g−1) and hesperidin (25.90 mg g−1) contents were achieved at 160 °C for 5 min with a 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural content of 0.07 mg g−1. PHWE provided better results for individual compounds and antioxidant capacities than conventional extraction. The results indicated the potentiality of PHWE in the selective extraction of eriocitrin and hesperidin from lemon peel by controlling the extraction temperature and time.
Satisfaction is insufficient: Insights from a randomized, controlled trial of a marketing simulation game
Authors: Skjelbred Siv‐Elisabeth , Daus Stephan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development and promotion of educational games are still outpacing knowledge of these games' effects, raising calls for evidence of benefits and challenges. Studies suggest that students and teachers like games, but the payoff of the investment in terms of increased motivation and achievement remains unclear.ObjectivesThis study investigates the pure effect of a marketing simulation game on motivation, perceived learning and achievement, above and beyond regular student‐active instruction.MethodsWe applied a randomized, controlled experiment in a marketing course in upper‐secondary schools (Nclasses = 22; Nstudents = 433) comparing a collaborative–competitive marketing simulation game with regular, case‐based, student‐active instruction on three groups of outcome measures: motivation, perceived ability, and achievement. Additionally, students and teachers provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on game experiences.Results and ConclusionsWe showcase the importance of a robust study design with valid compound instruments. Moreover, investigations of the game implementation and experiences reveal insights about intervention timing, differential negative consequences by gender and need for reflection opportunities. We find no clear evidence of positive or negative effects of the game, despite students' and teachers' satisfaction.ImplicationsBeyond the effect evaluation, we offer recommendations to researchers and developers of educational games about scaffolding, timing and teacher competence building.
Follow‐up evaluation of patients with liver test abnormalities detected during SARS‐CoV2 infection
Authors: Canillas Lidia , Broquetas Teresa , Carrión José A. , Pagano Giulia , Soriano Agnès , Garrido Esther , Fernández Rosa , Viu Ana , Romero Judit , Díaz Gemma , Cañete Nuria , Coll Susana , Naranjo Dolores , Bessa Xavier , Garcia‐Retortillo Montserrat , Puigvehí Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbnormal liver function tests (A‐LFTs) during admission for coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) are frequent, but its evolution after COVID‐19 resolution remains unexplored. We evaluated factors related to A‐LFTs during COVID‐19 and assessed the liver outcome after patients' discharge. This is a observational study including: (1) retrospective analysis of variables related to A‐LFTs during COVID‐19; and (2) follow‐up evaluation with blood test, transient elastography and liver biopsy in those with persistent A‐LFTs. A‐LFTs were defined according to CTCAEv4.0. Among 595 patients, 366 (61.5%) showed A‐LFTs. The ratio of partial pressure of oxygen and inspired oxygen fraction (P/F) below 200, ferritin ≥1000 ng/mL, male gender and antibiotic and immunomodulatory treatments were related to A‐LFTs. Follow‐up evaluation was performed in 153 individuals. Persistent A‐LFTs at follow‐up was similar in patients with/without A‐LFTs during admission (14.1% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.104). Fifteen (93%) and 58 (39%) patients with/without A‐LFTs at follow‐up showed metabolic fatty liver disease criteria (p < 0.001), which were histologically confirmed. In conclusion, A‐LFTs during COVID‐19 were related to infection severity. Abnormalities remitted at follow‐up in >80% of patients, and no correlation between A‐LFTs at admission and at follow‐up was found. Most patients with A‐LFTs at follow‐up had non‐invasive and histologically proven fatty liver disease.
Thermal conductivity of basalt between 225 and 290 K
Authors: Halbert D. , Parnell J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermal conductivity of natural rock is only well characterized for temperatures above 273 K, i.e., at typical Earth values. In planetary science, there is a requirement to explore the thermal characteristics of rock at temperatures below 273 K, for which thermal conductivity data are sparse or contested. Here, we present empirical data for a basalt showing thermal conductivity ranging from 2.71 ± 0.09 W m−1 K−1 at 224.4 K, to 2.63 ± 0.05 W m−1 K−1 at 288.8 K. Previous work reports much lower values in this range, which may be due to the fragmented nature of the previous research, the use of powdered samples for some data, and the effect of porosity. The high‐temperature thermal conductivity laws of Sass et al. (1992) and Haenel and Zoth (1973) can be robustly extrapolated to cover the temperature range of our data.
Genome‐wide identification of fitness determinants in the Xanthomonas campestris bacterial pathogen during early stages of plant infection
Authors: Luneau Julien S. , Baudin Maël , Quiroz Monnens Thomas , Carrère Sébastien , Bouchez Olivier , Jardinaud Marie‐Françoise , Gris Carine , François Jonas , Ray Jayashree , Torralba Babil , Arlat Matthieu , Lewis Jennifer D. , Lauber Emmanuelle , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Noël Laurent D. , Boulanger Alice 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Plant diseases are an important threat to food production. While major pathogenicity determinants required for disease have been extensively studied, less is known on how pathogens thrive during host colonization, especially at early infection stages.

Here, we used randomly barcoded‐transposon insertion site sequencing (RB‐TnSeq) to perform a genome‐wide screen and identify key bacterial fitness determinants of the vascular pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) during infection of the cauliflower host plant (Brassica oleracea). This high‐throughput analysis was conducted in hydathodes, the natural entry site of Xcc, in xylem sap and in synthetic media.

Xcc did not face a strong bottleneck during hydathode infection. In total, 181 genes important for fitness were identified in plant‐associated environments with functional enrichment in genes involved in metabolism but only few genes previously known to be involved in virulence. The biological relevance of 12 genes was independently confirmed by phenotyping single mutants. Notably, we show that XC_3388, a protein with no known function (DUF1631), plays a key role in the adaptation and virulence of Xcc possibly through c‐di‐GMP‐mediated regulation.

This study revealed yet unsuspected social behaviors adopted by Xcc individuals when confined inside hydathodes at early infection stages.
The novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates used for internal fixation of elderly quadrilateral surface involved acetabular fractures
Authors: Wan Yizhou , Yao Sheng , Ma Yan , Zeng Lian , Wang Yulong , Qu Yanzhen , Huang Guixiong , Guo Xiaodong , Chen Kaifang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesIn geriatric acetabular fractures, the quadrilateral surface (QLS) was frequently involved in acetabular fracture patterns and accompanied by medial displacement. It was important to buttress the medial displaced QLS and reconstruct the congruity of the affected acetabulum. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the novel infra‐pectineal quadrilateral surface buttress plates for the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures.MethodsTwenty‐three geriatric patients who were treated for acetabular fractures involving QLS with the novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates (NIBP) through a single supra‐ilioinguinal approach between January 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed; all patients received at least 1 year's follow‐up. All patients were aged ≥60 years old and including 18 males and five females. Radiologic and clinical outcomes of patients involved in the study were collated and analyzed according to the Matta scoring system and the Merle D'Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The functional recovery scoring was compared using q‐test.ResultsAll 23 consecutive patients had relatively satisfactory clinical treatment effectiveness. Average ages, length of incision, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were 69.8 ± 6.1 years, 12.1 ± 2.6 cm, 166.5 ± 43.5 min, and 500 (500,700) ml, respectively. According to the Matta scoring system, 14 cases of reduction were graded as excellent, five as good, and four as fair. At the last follow‐up, the clinical outcome evaluation was excellent in 13 cases, good in seven cases, and poor in three cases with the use of the Merle D'Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The difference of modified Merle D'Aubigne‐Postel score at 3 months, 6 months and last follow up was statistically significant (F = 21.56, p < 0.05). Postoperative lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in three patients and heterotopic ossification occurred in one patient.ConclusionsFor the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures, the NIBP could provide stable and effective fixation to the QLS involved acetabular fractures, and related satisfactory clinical results with few complications were noted.
The impact of provincial lockdown policies and COVID‐19 case and mortality rates on anxiety in Canada
Authors: Plett Donna , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: June 2022

AimCOVID‐19 has had significant mental health impacts internationally and anxiety rates are estimated to have tripled during the pandemic, but the specific causes remain underexplored. This study's purpose was to investigate the associations of sociodemographic factors, COVID‐19‐related policies, and COVID‐19 case/mortality rates with levels of anxiety among Canadians during the pandemic.MethodsThis study used linear regression models populated with three integrated sources of data: a repeated cross‐sectional survey (n = 7008), Oxford COVID‐19 Government Response Tracker data, and COVID‐19 case/mortality rates. Sociodemographic factors included were age, gender, race, province, income, education, rurality, household composition, and factors related to employment.ResultsLocal COVID‐19 case and mortality rates and stay‐at‐home orders were positively associated with anxiety symptom severity. Anxiety was most severe among those who: were female, Indigenous, or Middle Eastern; had postsecondary education; lived with others; and became unemployed or had working hours altered during the pandemic. Anxiety was less severe among: older adults; male, Caucasians, and black individuals; those with high incomes, and; those for whom employment did not change during the pandemic.ConclusionAnxiety was primarily driven by socioeconomic factors among Canadians during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Policies that alleviate socioeconomic uncertainty for groups that are most vulnerable may reduce the long‐term harm of the pandemic and associated lockdown policies.
Irregular verb morphology in Nigerian English
Authors: Olatoye Temitayo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVerb regularization is often characterized as a morphological Americanism in contemporary English. Using a synchronic approach, this study investigates the regular ‐edvs. irregular ‐talternation in preterites and past participles from British, American, and Nigerian Englishes. Although verb regularization patterns in Nigerian English are considered to be under the growing influence of American English, corpus evidence from theGlobal Web‐based English corpusand theInternational Corpus of Englishreveals that irregular‐tvariants remain prevalent in the written data. To examine the conditioning factors, a dataset of 1,643 annotated observations was subjected to probabilistic modelling. The results indicate that significant predictors of verb regularization behave heterogeneously in the three varieties, and there is some evidence for probabilistic indigenization in Nigerian English. These findings suggest that the role of prescriptivism in shaping the usage patterns of Nigerian users of English as a Second Language (ESL) can hardly be overlooked.
High-Density Drilling Fluids for Managed Pressure Drilling: Lab Development and Field Trial
Authors: Wagle Vikrant , AlYami Abdullah , Aljubran Mohammad , Al-Bahrani Hussain 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Managed pressure drilling (MPD) offers a closed-loop circulation system in which formation fracture pressure, bottom hole pressure, and pore pressure are considered and managed at surface. The right choice of drilling fluid used during MPD operation facilitates proper mud management and treatment. Lab formulation and field trial of a high-density water-based drilling fluid comprising a mixture of barite (BaSO4) and manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) as weighting agents have been described in this paper. Drilling fluids having a mixture of Mn3O4 and BaSO4 as weighting agents would have lower equivalent circulating density (ECD), better sag, better acid solubility, and lower fluid cost as compared to conventional BaSO4-based fluids. This paper describes the formulation of three different water-based drilling fluids viz. 100, 120, and 150 pcf drilling fluids having a mixture of Mn3O4 and BaSO4 and hot rolled at temperatures of 270, 250, and 300 °F, respectively. Rheological properties, sag resistance, and high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration properties of the three fluids have been described in the paper. Data obtained from the field trial of 160 pcf high-density drilling fluids having a mixture of Mn3O4 and BaSO4 for wells with a 300 °F bottom hole static temperature have been described. HPHT operations across naturally fractured formations with 0.5–1.0 pcf drilling fluid window have been described in the paper. During the field trial, the fluid having a mixture of Mn3O4 and BaSO4 showed good rheological, filtration, and sag properties thereby resulting in successful drilling of the well with no issues. MPD operation became more successful and practical with high-density drilling fluids having a mixture of Mn3O4 and BaSO4 as it facilitated better drilling fluid management and treatment in comparison to conventional fluids.
Guided, internet based, cognitive behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (RAPID)
Authors: Bisson Jonathan I , Ariti Cono , Cullen Katherine , Kitchiner Neil , Lewis Catrin , Roberts Neil P , Simon Natalie , Smallman Kim , Addison Katy , Bell Vicky , Brookes-Howell Lucy , Cosgrove Sarah , Ehlers Anke , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Foscarini-Craggs Paula , Harris Shaun R S , Kelson Mark , Lovell Karina , McKenna Maureen , McNamara Rachel , Nollett Claire , Pickles Tim , Williams-Thomas Rhys 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if guided internet based cognitive behavioural therapy with a trauma focus (CBT-TF) is non-inferior to individual face-to-face CBT-TF for mild to moderate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to one traumatic event.DesignPragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (RAPID).SettingPrimary and secondary mental health settings across the UK’s NHS.Participants196 adults with a primary diagnosis of mild to moderate PTSD were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to one of two interventions, with 82% retention at 16 weeks and 71% retention at 52 weeks. 19 participants and 10 therapists were purposively sampled and interviewed for evaluation of the process.InterventionsUp to 12 face-to-face, manual based, individual CBT-TF sessions, each lasting 60-90 minutes; or guided internet based CBT-TF with an eight step online programme, with up to three hours of contact with a therapist and four brief telephone calls or email contacts between sessions.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) at 16 weeks after randomisation (diagnosis of PTSD based on the criteria of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, DSM-5). Secondary outcomes included severity of PTSD symptoms at 52 weeks, and functioning, symptoms of depression and anxiety, use of alcohol, and perceived social support at 16 and 52 weeks after randomisation.ResultsNon-inferiority was found at the primary endpoint of 16 weeks on the CAPS-5 (mean difference 1.01, one sided 95% confidence interval −∞ to 3.90, non-inferiority P=0.012). Improvements in CAPS-5 score of more than 60% in the two groups were maintained at 52 weeks, but the non-inferiority results were inconclusive in favour of face-to-face CBT-TF at this time point (3.20, −∞ to 6.00, P=0.15). Guided internet based CBT-TF was significantly (P<0.001) cheaper than face-to-face CBT-TF and seemed to be acceptable and well tolerated by participants. The main themes of the qualitative analysis were facilitators and barriers to engagement with guided internet based CBT-TF, treatment outcomes, and considerations for its future implementation.ConclusionsGuided internet based CBT-TF for mild to moderate PTSD to one traumatic event was non-inferior to individual face-to-face CBT-TF and should be considered a first line treatment for people with this condition.Trial registrationISRCTN13697710.
Teaching undergraduate medical students virtual consultation skills: a mixed-methods interventional before-and-after study
Authors: Booth Edie , McFetridge Kate , Ferguson Evelyn , Paton Catherine 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact and transferability of a novel teaching method on virtual communication skills for final year medical students.DesignMixed-methods, interventional before-and-after study.SettingNHS Lanarkshire, Scotland.Participants21 final year medical students on their obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) placement from September to December 2020.InterventionsA two-part teaching session on virtual communication skills.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported confidence in conducting consultations preteaching and post-teaching, exposure to virtual consultations, usefulness of teaching and transferability to primary care. Data were collected using preteaching and post-teaching evaluation tools and an online survey.ResultsOf 21 participants, 1 student did not attend the second session so was excluded from post-teaching evaluation results and the online survey. Preteaching results were collected from 21 participants and post-teaching results from 20. Mean confidence scores increased across all domains post-teaching. Mean confidence in opening the consultation increased from 2.67 (95% CI 2.21 to 3.13) to 4.70 (95% CI 4.50 to 4.90); history-taking from 3.38 (95% CI 3.07 to 3.69) to 4.45 (95% CI 4.19 to 4.71); decision-making and forming a management plan from 2.62 (95% CI 2.28 to 2.96) to 3.90 (95% CI 3.66 to 4.14) and closing the consultation from 2.81 (95% CI 2.45 to 3.17) to 4.60 (95% CI 4.38 to 4.81). There was no change in exposure to virtual consultations during O&G placement. 16 (80%) participants responded to the online survey; 14 (87.5%) rated the sessions ‘very useful’ and all 16 considered them worthwhile continuing. 12 (75%) had the opportunity to practise virtual consultations on general practitioner, mostly via telephone.ConclusionsWe found that teaching students virtual consultation skills improved short term confidence and were transferable to primary care placements. Future research is suggested to assess this teaching model following adaptation and incorporation into medical education and training across specialties and grades. It would be useful to evaluate the impact on competence post intervention through observed skills.