bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do dental students expect from oral and maxillofacial surgery externships?
Authors: Smith Natalie R. , Bradshaw Shenan M. , Roser Steven M. , Abramowicz Shelly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionLimited information exists on the goals and expectations of dental students from oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) externships. This information is valuable to OMS residency programs. Dental students use externships to gain insight into various OMS residency programs. The purpose of this project was to answer the following question: “what do dental students expect from OMS externships?”PurposeThe aim of this study was to report the expectations of dental students from OMS externships.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study took place from June 2015 to September 2019. Every student completing an Emory OMS externship completed an anonymous survey. The survey consisted of questions regarding (1) demographics, (2) previous OMS experience, and (3) open‐ended questions regarding expectations and sources of anxiety. Answers were grouped into categories with similar answers. Descriptive statistics summarized data.ResultsOf 116 externs who completed the survey, the majority were males (n = 80, 68.9%) with a mean age of 25 (range 21–30) years old in the 3rd/4th year of dental school. Most had previous OMS experience (n = 103, 89.6%) and plan to apply to OMS residency (n = 104, 90.4%). Most externs hoped to learn about life as a resident and the scope and culture of the program. Externs expressed the highest level of anxiety regarding their own experience and/or knowledge level.ConclusionsThis project demonstrated that during the externship, externs expect to gain insight into the daily activities, scope, and culture of the OMS program they are visiting.
Consequences of zinc deficiency on zinc localization, taurine transport, and zinc transporters in rat retina
Authors: Márquez García Asarí , Salazar Víctor , Lima Pérez Lucimey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe colocalization of taurine and zinc transporters (TAUT, ZnTs) has not been explored in retina. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of the intracellular zinc chelator N,N,N,N‐tetrakis‐(2‐pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) on zinc localization and colocalization TAUT and ZnT‐1 (of plasma membrane), 3 (vesicular), and 7 (vesicular and golgi apparatus) in layers of retina by immunohistochemistry. To mark zinc, it was used cell‐permeable fluorescent Zinquin ethyl ester. Specific first and secondary antibodies, conjugated with rhodamine or fluorescein‐isothiocyanate were used to mark TAUT and ZnTs. The fluorescence results were reported as integrated optical density (IOD). Zinc was detected in all layers of the retina. The treatment with TPEN produced changes in the distribution of zinc in layers of retina less in the outer nuclear layer compared with the control. TAUT was detected in all layers of retina and TPEN chelator produced decrease of IOD in all layers of retina except in the photoreceptor compared with the control. ZnT 1, 3, and 7 were distributed in all retina layers, with more intensity in ganglion cell layer (GCL) and in the layers where there is synaptic connection. For all transporters, the treatment with TPEN produced significant decrease of IOD in layers of retina least in the inner nuclear layer for ZnT1, in the photoreceptor for ZnT3 and in the GCL and outer plexiform layer for ZnT7. The distribution of zinc, TAUT, and ZnTs in the layers of retina is indicative of the interaction of taurine and zinc for the function of the retina and normal operation of said layers.HighlightsTaurine and zinc are two molecules highly concentrated in the retina and with relevant functions in this structure. Maintaining zinc homeostasis in this tissue is necessary for the normal function of the taurine system in the retina. The study of the taurine transporter and the different zinc transporters in the retina (responsible for maintaining adequate levels of taurine and zinc) is relevant and novel, since it is indicative of the interactions between both molecules in this structure.
The effect of HLA matching and donor relatedness on the risk of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kennedy Cassandra , Jackson Denise E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent studies have identified autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) as a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) complication that represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for these patients. In order to understand this autoimmune phenomenon, emerging research has focused on the prognostic factors associated with the development of the disorder. These studies have identified numerous possible associations with often contrasting and conflicting results. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed in order to determine the effect of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching and donor relatedness on the risk of AIHA post‐HSCT. PubMed, SCOPUS and ProQuest were searched from 1 January 1995 to 1 August 2021 using a range of keywords. Meta‐analysis was performed using OpenMeta‐Analyst software using a random effects model and arcsine risk difference (ARD). Eight eligible articles were identified, and meta‐analysis showed an increased risk of AIHA in those who received HLA‐mismatched transplants (ARD −0.082; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.157, −0.007;p = 0.031) and those who received donations from unrelated donor sources (ARD −0.097; 95% CI −0.144, −0.051;p < 0.001). Patients who receive HSCT from HLA‐matched and related donor sources have a reduced risk of developing AIHA. Healthcare practitioners should be mindful of the risk of AIHA, especially in those who receive HLA‐mismatched and unrelated donor‐sourced stem cells. While these findings provide further evidence for researchers investigating the pathogenesis of this HSCT complication, more studies are needed to fully understand the cause.
Effect of endogenous purines on electrically evoked ACh release at the mouse neuromuscular junction
Authors: González Sanabria Javier , Hurtado Paso Maximiliano , Frontera Tamara , Losavio Adriana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAt the mouse neuromuscular junction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is co‐released with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), and its metabolite adenosine, modulate neurotransmitter release by activating presynaptic inhibitory P2Y13 receptors (a subtype of ATP/adenosine diphosphate [ADP] receptor), inhibitory A1 and A3 adenosine receptors, and excitatory A2A adenosine receptors. To study the effect of endogenous purines, when phrenic‐diaphragm preparations are depolarized by different nerve stimulation patterns, we analyzed the effect of the antagonists for P2Y13, A1, A3, and A2A receptors (AR‐C69931MX, 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine, MRS‐1191, and SCH‐58261, respectively) on the amplitude of the end‐plate potentials of the trains, and contrasted these results with those obtained with the selective agonists of these receptors (2‐methylthioadenosine 5′‐diphosphate trisodium salt hydrate, 2‐chloro‐N6‐cyclopentyl‐adenosine, inosine, and PSB‐0777, respectively). During continuous 0.5‐Hz stimulation, the amount of endogenous purines was not enough to activate purinergic receptors, while at continuous 5‐Hz stimulation, an incipient action of endogenous purines on P2Y13, A1 and A3 receptors might be evident just at the end of the trains. During continuous 50‐Hz stimulation, the concentration of endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine exerted an inhibitory action on ACh release after of the initial phase of the train, but when the nerve was stimulated at intermittent 50 Hz (5 bursts), this behavior was not observed. Excitatory A2A receptors were only activated when continuous 100‐Hz stimulation was applied. In conclusion, when motor nerve terminals are depolarized by repetitive stimulation of the phrenic nerve, endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine are able to fine‐tune neurosecretion depending on the frequency and pattern of stimulation.
Enhanced nociceptive behavior and expansion of associated primary afferents in a rabbit model of cerebral palsy
Authors: Reedich Emily J. , Genry Landon T. , Singer Meredith A. , Cavarsan Clarissa Fantin , Mena Avila Elvia , Boudreau Daphne M. , Brennan Michael C. , Garrett Alyssa M. , Dowaliby Lisa , Detloff Megan R. , Quinlan Katharina A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpastic cerebral palsy (CP) is a movement disorder marked by hypertonia and hyperreflexia; the most prevalent comorbidity is pain. Since spinal nociceptive afferents contribute to both the sensation of painful stimuli as well as reflex circuits involved in movement, we investigated the relationship between prenatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) injury which can cause CP, and possible changes in spinal nociceptive circuitry. To do this, we examined nociceptive afferents and mechanical and thermal sensitivity of New Zealand White rabbit kits after prenatal HI or a sham surgical procedure. As described previously, a range of motor deficits similar to spastic CP was observed in kits born naturally after HI (40 min at ~70%–80% gestation). We found that HI caused an expansion of peptidergic afferents (marked by expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide) in both the superficial and deep dorsal horn at postnatal day (P)5. Non‐peptidergic nociceptive afferent arborization (labeled by isolectin B4) was unaltered in HI kits, but overlap of the two populations (peptidergic and non‐peptidergic nociceptors) was increased by HI. Density of glial fibrillary acidic protein was unchanged within spinal cord white matter regions important in nociceptive transmission at P5. We found that mechanical and thermal nociception was enhanced in HI kits even in the absence of motor deficits. These findings suggest that prenatal HI injury impacts spinal sensory pathways in addition to the more well‐established disruptions to descending motor circuits. In conclusion, changes to spinal nociceptive circuitry could disrupt spinal reflexes and contribute to pain experienced by individuals with CP.
An event‐based approach to psychological contracts: The importance of examining everyday broken and fulfilled promises as discrete events
Authors: Kiefer Tina , Barclay Laurie J. , Conway Neil , Briner Rob B. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryPsychological contract research has typically focused on employees' perceptions of whether the organization hasgenerallyfulfilled or broken its promises/obligations. However, employees can experience broken and fulfilled promises asdiscreteevents on an everyday basis, which may have immediate implications for employees and also influence their generalized psychological contract. Integrating attribution and appraisal theories of emotions, we argue that discrete psychological contract events (i.e., specific instances of a broken or a fulfilled promise) can initiate attribution and appraisal processes that can guide employees' emotional and behavioral responses. Moreover, experiencing a broken versus a fulfilled promise can have distinct implications for employees' outcomes as well as their generalized perceptions of psychological contract fulfillment. Our hypotheses are generally supported using a daily diary study with event sampling. Theoretical contributions include the importance of (a) examining the attribution and appraisal processes underlying everyday discrete psychological contract events, (b) acknowledging distinctions between broken versus fulfilled promises, and (c) understanding how everyday broken/fulfilled promises can influence generalized perceptions of psychological contract fulfillment. Practical contributions include the importance of effectively managing broken and fulfilled promises on an everyday basis and ensuring that employees perceive that the organization does not breakandalso fulfills its promises.
Application of Sophora alopecuroides organic fertilizer changes the rhizosphere microbial community structure of melon plants and increases the fruit sugar content
Authors: Hua Ling‐qi , Yang Sheng‐qiang , Xia Zhan‐feng , Zeng Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSophora alopecuroides L. is a leguminous plant commonly found in northwest China. In Xinjiang, the fresh herb of S. alopecuroides is often applied as a green fertilizer to the rhizosphere of melon (Cucumis melo) plants at the end of their flowering period, to improve the taste of the fruits. However, the effects of S. alopecuroides‐based fertilizers on the microbial community structure of soil and crop‐root systems are unclear. In order to study the sweetening mechanism of the S. alopecuroides organic fertilizer, three different varieties of melon were selected. The untreated plants were used as the control (CK) group, and the plants treated with S. alopecuroides‐based organic fertilizer were selected as the treatment (T) group. The physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial community structure of the rhizosphere samples were also determined, and a correlation analysis with the fruit sweetness index was conducted.RESULTSSugar content of group T was at least 40% higher than that of group CK. The increase in fruit sugar content positively correlated with the increase in the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, Streptomyces, Acinetobacter, Proteobacteria, Lysobacter, Actinomycetes, Penicillium and Aspergillus.CONCLUSIONSophora alopecuroides organic fertilizer could alter the composition and function of bacterial and fungal communities and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the melon plant rhizosphere. Further, it could increase the content of soluble solids and sugar in the fruits to achieve a sweetening effect. This fertilizer can be applied as a fruit sweetener in melon cultivation, improving the sugar content of the fruit and consequently the sweetness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of patient‐specific factors when comparing multifidus fat infiltration between chronic low back pain patients and asymptomatic controls
Authors: Ballatori Alexander M. , Shahrestani Shane , Nyayapati Priya , Agarwal Vibhu , Krug Roland , Han Misung , Fields Aaron J. , O'Neill Conor , Demir‐Deviren Sibel , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Bailey Jeannie F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany studies have attempted to link multifidus (MF) fat infiltration with muscle quality and chronic low back pain (cLBP), but there is no consensus on these relationships.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional cohort study, 39 cLBP patients and 18 asymptomatic controls were included. The MF muscle was manually segmented at each lumbar disc level and fat fraction (FF) measurements were taken from the corresponding advanced imaging water‐fat images. We assessed the distribution patterns of MF fat from L1L2 to L5S1 and compared these patterns between groups. The sample was stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), subject‐reported pain intensity (VAS), and subject‐reported low back pain disability (oswestry disability index, ODI).ResultsOlder patients had significantly different MF FF distribution patterns compared to older controls (p < 0.0001). Male patients had 34.8% higher mean lumbar spine MF FF compared to male controls (p = 0.0006), significantly different MF FF distribution patterns (p = 0.028), 53.7% higher mean MF FF measurements at L2L3 (p = 0.037), and 50.6% higher mean MF FF measurements at L3L4 (p = 0.041). Low BMI patients had 29.7% higher mean lumbar spine MF FF compared to low BMI controls (p = 0.0077). High BMI patients only had 4% higher mean lumbar spine MF FF compared to high BMI controls (p = 0.7933). However, high BMI patients had significantly different MF FF distribution patterns compared to high BMI controls (p = 0.0324). Low VAS patients did not significantly differ from the control cohort for any of our outcomes of interest; however, high VAS patients had 24.3% higher mean lumbar spine MF FF values (p = 0.0011), significantly different MF FF distribution patterns (p < 0.0001), 34.7% higher mean MF FF at L2L3 (p = 0.040), and 34.6% higher mean MF FF at L3L4 (p = 0.040) compared to the control cohort. Similar trends were observed for ODI.ConclusionsThis study suggests that when the presence of paraspinal muscle fat infiltration is not characteristic of an individual's age, sex, and BMI, it may be associated with lower back pain.
The parietal notch (Brammer's pointer): Accuracy of a surface landmark for temporal bone surgery
Authors: Castle Michael S. , Myers Orrin B. , Pickett Bradley P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHypothesisThe parietal notch is a reliable surface landmark of the sigmoid sinus at the sinodural angle.BackgroundCurrently no surface landmark approximates the anterior border of the sigmoid sinus. Additionally, the temporal line may not accurately identify the tegmen near the sinodural angle. This study examines the reliability of the parietal notch as a surface landmark of the sigmoid sinus at the sinodural angle.MethodsForty‐seven cadaveric temporal bones were used to identify the parietal notch by two observers. The parietal notch and sinodural angle were labeled with radiopaque markers, mounted on foam, and CT imaged in the axial plane. The horizontal and vertical distances between the labeled landmarks were measured using PACS software.ResultsThe parietal notch location was identified in 43/47 specimens. The notch was posterior to the sinodural angle in 90.6% and superior in 65% of the specimens. The average horizontal and vertical distance between the two landmarks was 6.1 mm (SD = 5.4) and 0.8 mm (SD = 8.7), respectively. In 60% of the specimens the parietal notch was within 6 mm of the sinodural angle in the horizontal dimension.ConclusionsThe parietal notch is identified in most temporal bones. It also approximates the anterior boarder of the sigmoid sinus and level of the tegmen due to its proximity to the sinodural angle. The parietal notch helps to define the posterosuperior margins of a mastoid dissection and may assist surgeons during mastoid surgery.
Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels with Controlled Mechanics Affect Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Relevant to Growth Plate Injuries
Authors: Stager Michael A. , Thomas Stacey M. , Rotello‐Kuri Nicholas , Payne Karin A. , Krebs Melissa D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe growth plate is a complex cartilage structure in long bones that mediates growth in children. When injured, the formation of a “bony bar” can occur which impedes normal growth and can cause angular deformities or growth arrest. Current treatments for growth plate injuries are limited and result in poor patient outcomes, necessitating research toward novel treatments that can prevent bony bar formation and stimulate cartilage regeneration. This study investigates alginate‐chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels as an injectable biomaterial system to prevent bony bar formation. Biomaterial properties including stiffness and degradation are quantified, and the effect that material properties have on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate is quantified in vitro. Specifically, this study aims to elucidate the effectiveness of biomaterial‐based control over the differentiation behavior of MSCs toward osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages using biochemical metabolite assays and quantitative real time PCR. Further, the PEC hydrogels are employed in a rat growth plate injury model to determine their effectiveness in preventing bony bar formation in vivo. Results indicate that hydrogel composition and material properties affect the differentiation tendency of MSCs in vitro, and the PEC hydrogels show promise as an injectable biomaterial for growth plate injuries.
A Superabsorbent Sodium Polyacrylate Printing Resin as Actuator Material in 4D Printing
Authors: Hiendlmeier Lukas , Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Zurita Francisco , Url Heike , Rinklin Philipp , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSuperabsorbent polymers are materials that exhibit a high swelling behavior in liquids and can hold the absorbed liquid even against externally applied pressure. They are commercially used, for example, in baby diapers, fake snow, or swellable children's toys. Most commercially available superabsorbent polymers are based on polymerized and crosslinked sodium acrylate. Here, a material formulation to create 3D objects using stereolithographic printing of sodium acrylate is demonstrated. The material shows typical superabsorbent properties that cannot be reached with conventional 3D printing materials. The printed structures swell strongly (up to 20 times in weight) in aqueous environments and still show 65% of the swelling under an external load of 100 kPa. This swelling can be used for 3D printed parts that can automatically change their size or shape when exposed to water. To show the versatility of this approach, selected structures are 3D printed, including a ship and a medical stent. Also the applicability of actuation by printing a structure is demonstrated, which deforms to a self‐closing container upon exposure to water.
Bioinspired Polyacrylamide/(polyvinyl alcohol‐copper acetate) Hydrogel with Cooling‐Triggered Shape Memory, Color Changing, and Self‐Healing Behavior
Authors: Yin Feng , Liu Jinguo , Hu Jun , Ju Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInspired by many living creatures with adjustment of shape and color in an ever‐changing environment, color changeable shape memory hydrogels are designed and expected to be potential candidates in the fields spanning from anti‐counterfeiting to biomedical devices. However, they normally require complex synthesis, and more importantly, the cooling‐induced shape recovery hydrogel is still rare and in its infancy so far. Herein, a unique color changeable shape memory hydrogel by simply incorporating polyvinylalcohol and copper acetate into covalent polyacrylamide network is developed. As core functional element, copper ions serve as reversible crosslinks after heating to achieve excellent cooling‐triggered shape memory effect, color shifting and self‐healing behavior, showing significant potential in diverse applications like grabbing, information encryption, and biomimetic designs. This work may guide the development of cooling‐triggered smart hydrogels for practical applications.