bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Insects, 1977
Authors: Fisher G. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides were applied in a IX dilution (1 lb/100 gal H2O) at 300 psi so that foliage and fruit were treated to the “run-off”. All treatments of insecticides were made on a regular apple schedule allowing approximately a 10-day interval between cover sprays. Mature standard Delicious, Mcintosh and Cortland trees were randomized and replicated 4 times in a 112-tree block. Application dates were: Apr27-28 (Green tip); May5 (Tight-cluster); Mayl2 (Blossom-No insecticide applied); Mayl9-20 (Petal fall). Cover sprays were: May30, Junll-12, Jun27-29, Jull3-15, Jull7-28, Aug9-10 and Aug20-22. Evaluations were made as final harvest fruit scoring (Oct5-15). Disease control was accomplished by use of standard fungicide applications of Captan (2 lb 50WP/100) or Benomyl (6 oz 50WP/100) at each application.
Japanese Fatsia, Florida Wax Scale Control, 1977
Authors: Williams Michael L. , Self R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sixty 18-24” tall, container-grown Araliajaponica, heavily infested with Florida wax scale were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 3 gal cans. All stages of wax scale were present but the population was predominatly adult females and second insfar nymphs at the time of treatment. A single application of the test materials was made out-of-doors on October 20. The foliage of all plants was sprayed to runoff using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, one plant constituting a replication. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a plastic greenhouse. Mortality counts were obtained on November 3 by counting 100 individuals per plant. Counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by turning over each wax scale counted and scoring it as living if it was red and full-bodied or dead if it was discolored and shriveled or dried.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Greenhouse Ornamentals, California, 1977
Authors: Oerting Ronald , Morishita Frank S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate twospotted spider mite control. In the first experiment 6 treatments were evaluated on a foliage plant red tea. Each treatment consisted of one plant and was replicated 5 times. Plants were maintained in 6 inch pots on raised benches. Counts were made immediately before and at 7 day intervals following treatment by counting the number of mites on one leaf from each plant. In the second experiment 6 treatments were evaluated on greenhouse roses in a commercial range of plastic covered houses. Each treatment area consisted of 6 feet of 42 inch rose bed and was replicated 5 times. Counts were made immediately before and at 7 day intervals following treatment by counting the number of mites on 5 leaves per treatment. In both experiments plants were sprayed to the point of runoff utilizing a 3 gpm power sprayer at 100 psi and a 6503 nozzle for red tea and a 5 gpm power sprayer at 125 psi and a 6506 nozzle for roses.
Siberian Elm, Elm Leaf Beetle Control, 1977
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Bogel David , Ree Bill 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A native planting of Siberian elms, approximately 15 ft in height located 8 miles east of Stillwater, Oklahoma, were selected for this test. Trees were treated on June 10 after a large egg hatch was observed. Larvae were 1/8 to 3/8 inch in length. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer, series L-l565-2 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 3 gal/min of finish spray at 300 psi. Trees were sprayed till runoff. Treatments were randomized and replicated three times along with a check. Larval counts were made by examining 18 inch of a terminal branch.
Taxus, Taxus Mealybug Control, 1977
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On May 19, 1977, a series of eight treatments were applied to a landscape planting of yews at the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity adjacent to the Purdue Campus. At the time,of treatment the over-wintering nymphs were moving out onto the new growth. The sprays were applied to runoff utilizing a B and G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. The air temperature was 87°F and the wind was 2 mph. The acephate spray was repeated 10 days later. The experiment was replicated four times. Six inch twig samples were, placed in paper sacks and returned to the laboratory where they were refrigerated until counts were made under a binocular microscope. Samples were taken at time of treatment, seven, twenty-one and forty days post treatment. There was no indication of phytotoxicity. The results of the experiment approached significance at the 5% level.
Thornless Honeylocust, Honeylocust Mite Control, 1977
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thornless honeylocust trees 10-12 feet in height were treated on June 17, 1977, at the Purdue Agronomy Farm. Treatments were applied with a Spartan Sprayer operating at 125 psi. Trees were sprayed to drip. Only alternate trees were used to avoid drift problems. The Medicaps were implanted in the basal portion of the tree at 4 in. intervals around the circumference of the tree and the holes sealed with wound paint. The systemic insecticide was applied as a soil drench in a ring cultivated at the drip line of the tree. The soil was then replaced and a gallon of water per inch applied to seal the insecticide in the soil. The experiment was replicated 4 times. On August 11,8 weeks post treatment, the treated trees were sampled. Five compound leaf samples were taken, placed in a paper sack and taken to the laboratory. Samples were kept in a refrigerator until utilized. The samples were brushed onto a glass plate with a Henderson and McBurnie mite brushing machine. The mites on the plate were counted under a binocular microscope.
Phytotoxicity Test, OHIO, 1977
Authors: Nielsen D.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 19 species and cultivars of woody ornamental nursery crops in northeastern Ohio. Insecticides were applied June 1 and 2 under cloudy skies with ca 18°C temperatures. Each experimental rate was applied to 3 single plant replicates growing in field blocks. Compressed air sprayers were used to apply finished spray to runoff. Plants were examined 48 hours, 1 week, and 3 months after treatment.
Evaluation Of Several Insecticides Against Malathion-Susceptible and -Resistant Indian Meal Moths
Authors: Zettler J. Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
1A malafhion-resistant and a malathion-susceptible strain of the Indian meal moth were reared in the laboratory (at 27±l°C and 65±5% RH) on the diet recommended by Boles, H. P. and Marzke, F. O. 1966. (In C. N. Smith (ed.) Insect Colonization and Mass Production. Academic Press, Ind., New York). The test insects were last-instar larvae that weighed between 15 and 18 mg. The insecticides (technical grade) were applied topically as acetone solutions of the desired concentrations according to the procedure of Zettler, J. L. et al., 1973, J. Econ. Entomol. 66: 1049-50. For treatment, the insects were briefly anesthetized by a continuous flow of CO2 in a Buchner funnel and were held individually with a Telvac(R) vaccum needle while 0.5 ul of the insecticide solution was applied to the pronotum with an Isco model M(R) microapolicator. Each strain was treated with at least 5 doses of each insecticide, and at least 100 insects/dose were treated. Control insects from each strain were treated only with acetone. The insects were treated in groups of 10, placed in clean petri dishes, and held at 27±l°C and 60±5% for mortality determinations 120 h after treatment. Insects showing little or no response when probed lightly with a pen-cil tip were considered dead or moribund. A probit analysis of the moribund.
Cattle, Common and Northern Cattle Grub Control in Wyoming with TF302 (Crufomate) Pour-On Insecticide, 1977
Authors: Lloyd John E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
32% crufomate (Dow Chemical TF302) pour-on was applied on Oct 2277 to Hereford cattle at the University of Wyoming Agriculture Substation, Gillette, Wyoming. Twenty-five mature cows, 17 yearling heifers, and 9 heifer calves were treated at application rates of: 1.0oz/170-250 lb, 1.5 oz/251-350 lb, 2.0 oz/351-450 lb, 2.5 oz/451-550 oz, 3.0 oz/551-750 lb, or 4.0 o;:/751 lb or more. Five cows, 5 yearling heifers, and 9 heifer calves from the same herd were left untreated. Grub numbers were determined by palpation on Feb 3’77andapr 22’77.
Cattle, Control of Larval Diptera in Manure of Dairy Heifers on Pasture with Rabon Oral Larvicide, 1977
Authors: Lloyd John E. , Kumar Rabinder , Lussenhop John F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rabon (stirofos) oral lorvicide (Music City Premix) in corn supplement was fed to 11 Holstein heifers (avg wt 1130 lb) at 70 mg stirofos/100 lb body weight/day. Each animal received ca. 7 lb of supplemental corn/day plus bromegrass-alfalfa hay free choice. On Aug 16’77, 30 days after initiation of treatment, feces were collected in the morning, mixed in a bread dough mixer, and divided into 1 kg artivicial cow pats that were placed in a nearby field. Feces from untreated heifers that received the same diet, but without stirofos, were handled similarly and placed in the field. On days 3 and 14 after the cow pats were deposited in the field, 12 cow pats from each group were placed in 100-watt Tullgren funnels for larval extraction.
Cattle, Dursban 10 CR as a Feed Through for Face Fly Control, 1977
Authors: Meyer Jeff , Knapp Fred W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One 198 kg steer was fed Dursban 10 CR granules in its daily diet for 3 days. Twenty-four hours after the last feeding, three 100-g fecal samples were collected and each bioassayed with 25 face fly larvae. A higher dosage was fed weekly until a 100% face fly mortality was obtained. Feces from a steer on the same diet with-out the Dursban was used for untreated checks.
Sheep, Mortality of Nasal Bots in Sheep Treated with Systemic Insecticides, 1977
Authors: Pfadt R. E. , Lloyd J. E. , Spackman E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten spot-on or pour-on treatments of systemic insecticides were applied on October 12, 1977, to lambs for control of the larval stage of the sheep bot fly. Lambs were randomly assigned to each treatment and to one control group. After 7 to 8 days, the sheep were sacrificed and the nasal cavities and sinuses examinee for live larvae. Larvae were mainly first instar, but a small % were second instar.
Sheep, Five Formamidine Compounds Evaluated by Rumen Infusion for Systemic Control OF3-Host Ticks, 1977
Authors: Teel Pete D. , Hair Jakie A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty pairs of adult amblyomma americanum, A. maculatum and Dermacentor variabilis were confined to sheep in separate stockinette cells 72 h before treatment. Samples of 50-100 nymphs of these 3 species were confined in separate Plexiglas cells 48 h before treatment.
Apple, Phytotoxicity Test of Thuricide hpc and Hpsc, 1977
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Parrellaand M. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Early and late season applications of Thuricide HPC and HPSC were applied to four year old Golden Delicious apple trees in plots of 12 trees each for the evaluation of fruit russet injury. Materials were applied as 6X concentrates (467.69 litre/ha) with a Swanson truck mounted airblast sprayer operating at 7.04 kg/cm2. Thuricide HPC and HPSC were each applied at 39.54 and 14.83 BlU/ha (HPC 9.35 and 3.51 litre/ha; HPSC 2.49 and 0.93 kg/ha) on May 13 and 20. Thuricide HPC and HPSC were also applied at 39.54 BlU/ha September 2. A water control was applied on May 13 and 20. Dikar 80W (6.73 kg/ha) was included in all treatments. The following cover sprays were applied: Dikar 80W (6.73 kg/ha) June 7 and 27; Dikar 80W (2.52 kg/ha), Guthion 50W (0.84 kg/ha), and Plictran 50W (0.32 kg/ha) July 8; Dikar 80W (2.52 kg/ha) and Guthion 50W (0.84 kg/ha) August 1; and Dikar 80W (2.52 kg/ha) August 18. All but the June application of Dikar 80W were 6X concentrate sprays (233.84 litre/ha) applied with the same equipment as the Thuricide treatments, but to one side of the trees only. The June applications of Dikar 80W were dilute sprays applied to run-off to one side of the trees with a handgun and the Swanson airblast sprayer equipped with a high-pressure pump operating at 17.59 kg/cm2. Minimum temperatures of 0.6, -3.3, -2.2, and 0°C occurred May 9, 10, 11 and 12, respectively. No further freezing occurred after these dates.
Apple, Insect Control, 1975-1976
Authors: Mouzin T. E. , Reed D. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dimilin (25% WP) was evaluated over 2 seasons in a 16 year-old dwarf apple planting. The 1975 experiment consisted of one replicate of 40 Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Jonathan trees, treated on 5-5, 5-29, 6-6, 6-19, 6-26, 7-15, 7-29 and 8-12. The 1976 experiment consisted of 2 replicates of 6 Jonathan trees each treated on 4-29, 5-10, 5-18, 6-3, 6-7, 6-21, 7-6, 7-21, 8-3, and 8-18. Applications were made with a John Bean sprayer operated at 400-450 psi at the rate of 5 gal/tree. There was considerable rainfall in May and June 1976, necessitating an additional application. Above normal temperatures during April 1976 caused an abnormally early bloom. Fruit infestation ratings were obtained by picking fruit at random and examining for damage Under heavy codling moth pressure, Dimilin performed well at fairly low dosages both seasons. No control was obtained against leafrollers and plum curculio at these dosages.
Pears, Pear Psylla Seasonal Control, 1977
Authors: Reissig Harvey , Dunham D. H. , Hebding Harold E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied with a Myers speed-sprayer in 2 pear blocks containing Bartlett, Bosc, Gorham, and Clapp Favorite cultivars. Treatments were replicated 3 times in ca. 1 acre plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Early season programs were applied on Apr 11, Apr 27, May 17, June 28, July 22, and Aug 22. Summer programs began at petal fall (May 17) and were then applied on June 3, June 23, July 22, and Aug 2. The check plot received an application of Guthion at PF (May 17) and sprays of Perthane on July 22 and Aug 2. All sprays were dilute (IX) except those at petal fall which were 3X. Nymphs were counted on 10 terminals selected randomly (1 terminal/tree) from each replication. Adults were counted on a 3 ft. square cloth frame held under a vertical branch which was tapped with a rubber hose. Ten such samples were obtained (1/tree) from randomly selected trees in each replication.
Control of Plum Curculio and Other Catfacing Insects that Damage Peach Fruit, 1971-1975
Authors: Yonce Carroll E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were screened on a Dixiland cultivar during 1971 and 1972 and on a Redcap cultivar in 1973, 1974, and 1975. Materials were applied with a portable hand sprayer (300 psi) and wet to run-off (1.5 - 2 gal dilute spray/tree). Appropriate fungicides (sulfur and/or benlate) were included to control brown rot and scab fungi of fruit by using the Georgia spray schedule for peaches. Damage to fruit was assessed from samples taken weekly, beginning 2 wk after 1st application (petal fall) and continuing to harvest. From 450 to 800 fruit were sampled from each treatment each season. Fruit was observed for feeding and oviposition scars as well as for larval tunneling by plum curculio and for knarled or deformed fruit caused by other catfacing insects, probably hemipteran.
Leafhopper Control on Grapes, 1977
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were screened for efficacy against leafhoppers on grapes in North East, PA. Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Three vines within rows and one row between treated rows isolated the plots. Sprays were applied using an Ortho Sprayette Queen Size garden sprayer operated off a high pressure hose on a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off, resulting in 200 gal of solution being applied per acre. The equivalent of 4 oz DuPont spreader-sticker per 100 gal was used with each treatment. Spray application date was June 30, 1977. Pre-treatment counts (June 28) averaged 12.7 ± 3.0 leafhopper nymphs per leaf in the plots. Treatments were evaluated by counting the nymphs on 30 infested leaves selected at random in each plot.
Soil Applied Systemic Insecticide for Leafhopper Control on Concord Grapes, 1977
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik 15G was evaluated at 3 rates for control of leafhoppers on grapes in North East, PA. Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 6 times in a randomized block design. Three vines within rows and one row between treated rows isolated the plots. Treatments were applied on June 13, 1977. Granules were distributed uniformly in 2-inch deep furrows, 2 ft long, at 6 and 12 inches on each side of the vine, and covered with soil as soon as applied. Rainfall for the remainder of June was 2.33 inches; rainfall was 6.11 inches for July, and 7.78 inches for August. Rainfall was above average during this period. Treatments were evaluated by sampling 50 leaves selected at random per plot to record percentage of leaves infested and by examining 10 infested leaves per plot to determine number of nymphs per leaf.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1977
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected acaricides were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM) in a completely randomized experiment. Each treatment was replicated four times in single-tree plots of mature Ruby Red grapefruit on a 30 ft x 25 ft spacing. Treatments were applied by handgun of a John Bean Model 1010-MBTB Sprayer operating at 250 psi, using ca. 20 gal spray per tree. All spray applications were made on Jun 13’77. Rainfall recorded in the test block from May 1 to Jun 30 was 7.8 inches and from Jul 1 to Sept 1 was 0.34 inches. CRM counts were made 6 days prior to treatment and 30 and 60 days posttreatment. At each count, 50 leaves and 50 fruit were examined in each treated tree, with density of live rust mite rated on the following scale: 0.0 = no mites; 1.0 = 1-5; 2.0 = 6-10; 3.0 = 10 mites per leaf or fruit. Kelthane was the standard acaricide.
Lima Beans, Corn Earworm Control, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. , Gauthier Norman L. , Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
’Bridgeton’ lima beans were planted in double row plots, 40 ft in length, on July 8, 1977. Each plot was buffered on either side by 2 untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on August 31, September 13, and 19, with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. All treatments were mixed with 1.5 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Plots were rated on September 27 by harvesting 100 pods/treat/rep and recording the percent pods with com earworm injury. Yields were taken on October 4 by harvesting 2, 10-ft sections/treat/rep. The beans were run through a commercial viner and the pounds shelled weight were recorded.
Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The corn was planted March 4, 1977. All plots were single row, 30 ft long with 6-ft centers. Materials were applied to the whorl March 22 at the rate of 50 gallons of water per acre with a 2½-gallon, hand-held sprayer at 40 psi. Rate ai per acre was calculated based on 3-ft row spacing. The corn was approximately 6 inches tall at application. Larval counts were made at 2, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. The numbers of fall atmyworm per plant were determined on each sampling date by sacrificing 10 plants, selected at random, from each plot
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1977
Authors: Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19 at Rosemount, Minnesota. Plofe were 1 row, 40 inches wide, 60 ft long, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. To reduce the natural enemies of green peach aphid and favor its population increase, azinphos-methyl at 0.5 lb ai/acre was sprayed weekly from June 20. Green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 midplant leaves, from each plot. Counts were made on the day following applications of the experimental insecticides. On August 30 the treatment of Nudrin 90SP at 0.45 lb ai/acre was replaced by Monitor 4WM at 0.75 lb ai/acre.
Potato Insect Control, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 1977
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes were planted June 8, 1977, at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm. Soil type was Bearden silty clay. Plots were a single row, 40 ft long, spaced 38 inches apart, and randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Systemic insecticides were applied in-furrow as split-band treatments at planting. Foliar insecticide treatments were applied July 12 and August 9 using a 3-gallon, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer delivering 100 gal water/acre at ca. 40 psi. Potato leafhopper nymphs and green peach aphid apferae were counted from 35 leaves per plot. The field was harvested October 28.
Potato Insect Control With Foliar Sprays, 1977
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Uncut ‘Pungo’ Irish potatoes (size B) were planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows on July 26, 1977. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft-long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were made on August 17, 25, 31, September 7, 19, 28, October 5, 12, and 19. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments, the number of potato beetle larvae, beet armyworms, and European corn borers were recorded/10 hills of potatoes. Efficacy against the tuberworms was determined by counting the total number of tuberworm mines/10 hills.
Acaricide Screening of

T

.

Urticae

on Potatoes, 1976
Authors: Powell D.M. , Joy Don , Powell D. Michael , Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was made in a commercial potato field near Quincy, Washington, in glacial outwash Winchester sand soil. Date of planting was about the middle of April. Plots were 2 rows wide (1.7 m) and 15.2 m long. The plants had closed the rows by July 30 when the miticides were applied in 378 liters of spray/ha with a 2-row, backpack, CO2 portable sprayer. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from each plot 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment (August 2, 6, and 13), and the number of mites on the leaves were counted. The data were transformed to log 10 (X+l) and subjected to analysis of variance.