bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-broadband flat-top quantum dot comb lasers
Authors: Huang Jing-Zhi , Ji Zi-Tao , Chen Jia-Jian , Wei Wen-Qi , Qin Jia-Le , Wang Zi-Hao , Li Zhi-Yuan , Wang Ting , Xiao Xi , Zhang Jian-Jun 
Published: March 2022

A quantum dot (QD) mode-locked laser as an active comb generator takes advantage of its small footprint, low power consumption, large optical bandwidth, and high-temperature stability, which is an ideal multi-wavelength source for applications such as datacom, optical interconnects, and LIDAR. In this work, we report a fourth-order colliding pulse mode-locked laser (CPML) based on InAs/GaAs QD gain structure, which can generate ultra-stable optical frequency combs in the O-band with 100 GHz spacing at operation temperature up to 100°C. A record-high flat-top optical comb is achieved with 3 dB optical bandwidth of 11.5 nm (20 comb lines) at 25°C. The average optical linewidth of comb lines is measured as 440 kHz. Single-channel non-return-to-zero modulation rates of 70 Gbit/s and four-level pulse amplitude modulation of 40 GBaud/s are also demonstrated. To further extend the comb bandwidth, an array of QD-CPMLs driven at separate temperatures is proposed to achieve 36 nm optical bandwidth (containing 60 comb lines with 100 GHz mode spacing), capable of a total transmission capacity of 4.8 Tbit/s. The demonstrated results show the feasibility of using the QD-CPML as a desirable broadband comb source to build future large-bandwidth and power-efficient optical interconnects.
Assessment of the targeted effect of Sijunzi decoction on the colorectal cancer microenvironment via the ESTIMATE algorithm
Authors: Du Jiaxin , Tao Quyuan , Liu Ying , Huang Zhanming , Jin He , Lin Wenjia , Huang Xinying , Zeng Jingyan , Zhao Yongchang , Liu Lingyu , Xu Qian , Han Xue , Chen Lixia , Chen Xin-lin , Wen Yi 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveSijunzi decoction (SJZD) was used to treat patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) as an adjuvant method. The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic targets and pathways of SJZD towards the tumor microenvironment of CRC via network pharmacology and the ESTIMATE algorithm.MethodsThe ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate immune and stromal scores to predict the level of infiltrating immune and stromal cells. The active targets of SJZD were searched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and UniProt database. The core targets were obtained by matching the differentially expressed genes in CRC tissues and the targets of SJZD. Then, GO, KEGG and validation in TCGA were carried out.ResultsAccording to the ESTIMATE algorithm and survival analysis, the median survival time of the low stromal score group was significantly higher than that of the high stromal score group (P= 0.018), while the patients showed no significant difference of OS between different immune groups (P= 0.19). A total of 929 genes were upregulated and 115 genes were downregulated between the stromal score groups (|logFC| > 2, adjustedP< 0.05); 357 genes were upregulated and 472 genes were downregulated between the immune score groups. The component-target network included 139 active components and 52 related targets. The core targets wereHSPB1,SPP1,IGFBP3, andTGFB1, which were significantly associated with poor prognosis in TCGA validation. GO terms included the response to hypoxia, the extracellular space, protein binding and the TNF signaling pathway. Immunoreaction was the main enriched pathway identified by KEGG analysis.ConclusionThe core genes (HSPB1,SPP1,IGFBP3andTGFB1) affected CRC development and prognosis by regulating hypoxia, protein binding and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the extracellular matrix.
Using nominal group technique among resident physicians to identify key attributes of a burnout prevention program
Authors: Nelson Vicki , Dubov Alex , Morton Kelly , Fraenkel Liana 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
To identify preferred burnout interventions within a resident physician population, utilizing the Nominal Group Technique. The results will be used to design a discrete choice experiment study to inform the development of resident burnout prevention programs.

Methods
Three resident focus groups met (10–14 participants/group) to prioritize a list of 23 factors for burnout prevention programs. The Nominal Group Technique consisted of three steps: an individual, confidential ranking of the 23 factors by importance from 1 to 23, a group discussion of each attribute, including a group review of the rankings, and an opportunity to alter the original ranking across participants.

Results
The total number of residents (36) were a representative sample of specialty, year of residency, and sex. There was strong agreement about the most highly rated attributes which grouped naturally into themes of autonomy, meaning, competency and relatedness. There was also disagreement on several of the attributes that is likely due to the differences in residency specialty and subsequently rotation requirements.

Conclusion
This study identified the need to address multiple organizational factors that may lead to physician burnout. There is a clear need for complex interventions that target systemic and program level factors rather than focus on individual interventions. These results may help residency program directors understand the specific attributes of a burnout prevention program valued by residents. Aligning burnout interventions with resident preferences could improve the efficacy of burnout prevention programs by improving adoption of, and satisfaction with, these programs. Physician burnout is a work-related syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment [1]. Burnout is present in epidemic proportions and was estimated to occur in over 50 percent of practicing physicians and in up to 89 percent of resident physicians pre-COVID 19. The burnout epidemic is growing; a recent national survey of US physicians reported an 8.9 percent increase in burnout between 2011 and 2014 [2]. Rates of physician burnout have also increased [3] during the COVID-19 pandemic with a new classification of “pandemic burnout” experienced by over 52 percent of healthcare workers as early as June of 2020 [4]. Physician burnout can lead to depression, suicidal ideation, and relationship problems that may progress to substance abuse, increased interpersonal conflicts, broken relationships, low quality of life, major depression, and suicide [5–7]. The estimated rate of physician suicide is 300–400 annually [8–10].
Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns?
Authors: Diederichs Marc , Glawion René , Kremsner Peter G. , Mitze Timo , Müller Gernot J. , Papies Dominik , Schulz Felix , Wälde Klaus 
Published: March 2022

Background
Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.

Methods
We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.

Findings
The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for ‘more cases due to more testing’ and ‘reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday’ confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.

Interpretation
The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions.
Externalizing personality characteristics define clinically relevant subgroups of alcohol use disorder
Authors: Kovács Ildikó , Gál Bernadett I. , Horváth Zsolt , Demeter Ildikó , Rózsa Sándor , Janka Zoltán , Urbán Róbert , Demetrovics Zsolt , Andó Bálint 
Published: March 2022

Aims
Higher levels of externalizing characteristics, i.e. impulsivity, novelty seeking and aggression, could contribute to the development, progression and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The present study aims to explore whether these externalizing characteristics together have a potential group-forming role in AUD using latent profile analysis (LPA).

Methods
Externalizing characteristics of 102 AUD patients were analyzed using LPA to explore the group-forming role of externalizing symptoms; groups were compared in terms of demographic and alcohol-related variables, indices of psychopathological, depressive and anxiety symptom severity.

Results
LPA revealed and supported a two-group model based on externalizing symptoms. The group with higher levels of externalizing symptoms showed significantly elevated levels of alcohol-related and anxio-depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Externalizing characteristics converge and have a group-forming role in chronic AUD, and are associated with a more severe form of AUD. By making the diagnostic category less heterogeneous, these different subtypes within AUD may provide aid in tailoring treatments to patients’ specific needs.
Sizing Of Unit operations in process engineering using Apen Plus
Authors: Labidi Aymen 
Published: March 2022

This project deals with the sizing of unit operations in process engineering. Process engineering is the understanding and application of the fundamental principles and laws of nature that allow us to transform raw material and energy into products that are useful to society, at an industrial level. By taking advantage of the driving forces of nature such as pressure, temperature and concentration gradients, as well as the law of conservation of mass, process engineers can develop methods to synthesize and purify large quantities of desired chemical products. In this project we will focus in the design, operation, control, optimization and intensification of chemical processes by designing pipelines in each case study. For Numerical Resolution, will use the chemical process simulator Aspen HYSYS, used to mathematically model chemical processes. We have a multitude of problems to deal with during this project.
1. Study of an incompressible fluid flow in a pipeline
2. Technology of Heat Exchangers
3. Refrigeration cycle
Detection of serum antibodies to tick-borne and other infections in patients with lymphadenopathy
Authors: Andreichyn M. A. , Huk M. T. , Shkilna M. I. , Shtokailo K. B. , Korda M. M. 
Published: March 2022

The aim was to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies to tick-borne pathogens and other infectious agents in patients with lymphadenopathy.
Materials and methods. 68 patients with lymphadenopathy aged 20 to 63 years who received outpatient or inpatient treatment were followed up at Ternopil University Hospital and Ternopil Regional Clinical Dermatological and Venereological Dispensary. There were 41 women (60.3 %) and 27 men (39.7 %).
Two-stage serological detection (ELISA and immunoblot) was used for diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB). Indirect immunofluorescence, including the BIOCHIP multiplex indirect immunofluorescence technique, was used for serological identification of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) and other infectious diseases, which could be associated with lymphadenopathy.
Results. In total, 45.6 % of 68 enrolled patients were positive for the presence of specific antibodies IgM and/or IgG against B. burgdorferi s. l. Further examination demonstrated the presence of specific serum anti-A. phagocytophilum antibodies IgM and/or IgG in 33 patients with lymphadenopathy.
It was found that 24.2 % of involved patients were positive for the presence of at least one type of anti-A. phagocytophilum antibodies; 12.1 % had positive or intermediate results only for B. burgdorferi s. l.; 60.6 % of patients were positive for the presence of antibodies against both pathogens.
46.9 % of patients were seropositive for EBV-CA, 40.6 % – for Parainfluenza virus type 1, 37.5 % – for HHV-6, 34.4 % – for HSV-1, 31.3 % – for EBV-EA and Toxoplasma gondii, 6.3 % – for Coxsackievirus type A9 and HIV-2.
Conclusions. One-third of all involved patients with lymphadenopathy were positive for antibodies to B. burgdorferi s. l., causa tive agent of Lyme borreliosis. Co-infection of Lyme borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis was established in more than half of the patients. Besides, specific antibodies to 18 causative agents of other infectious diseases were detected with varying rate. Almost half of positive results detected were the antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 1 and Epstein–Barr virus.
Reye’s-like syndrome in 13-year-old child (a case report)
Authors: Shulhai O. M. , Kinash M. I. , Shulhai A.-M. A. 
Published: March 2022

The article reviews the literature about classical and atypical Reye’s syndrome, discusses the causes that contribute to its occurrence, provides criteria for diagnosis with the presentation of a Reye’s-like syndrome case in the 13-year-old child. Reye’s syndrome is a dangerous pathological condition characterized by acute encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of internal organs, mainly the liver.
There are different viral and bacterial infections that precede the development of Reye’s syndrome, namely influenza, acute respiratory infections, chickenpox, entero- and rotavirus infections, whooping cough, mycoplasma infection, salmonellosis. For a treatment of these infections in the presence of fever, a number of drugs to lower the temperature, such as acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, diclofenac sodium is usually used.
Case presentation. We observed the case of a teenage girl with Reye’s-like syndrome associated with coronavirus infection and antipyretic drug intake in the clinic.
Conclusions. Given the changes in the internal organs, namely the development of hepatic steatosis, therapy of such patients should be aimed at preventing fatty degeneration. In addition to classic Reye’s syndrome, there is an atypical Reye’s syndrome or Reye’s-like syndrome, which mainly occurs in children under 5 years old with congenital disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Dosages of prescribing antipyretic drugs should be strictly based on the child’s age and weight.
An assessment of photodynamic therapy efficacy for the treatment of Bowen’s disease of the vulva
Authors: Dunaievska V. V. , Horkavyi Ye. O. 
Published: March 2022

Vulvar cancer occupied the 4th place (3–8 %) in the distribution of the malignant neoplasms of female genital organs, although this disease is considered to be rare. In the United States, about 4,000 new cases of vulvar cancer are diagnosed every year, and 850 women die from this cancer. An estimated 650 new cases of this disease are reported per year in Ukraine. One of the precancerous lesions of the vulva along with Paget’s disease is Bowen’s disease, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is regarded as an effective method of this disease treatment in the vulva area.
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of PDT in women with Bowen’s disease of the vulva (BDV).
Materials and methods. A retrospective study of patients with high-grade Bowen’s disease of the vulva, who were treated with a fundamentally new method of PDT using a systemic photosensitizer photolon, was carried out. During and after PDT, perioperative anesthesia and reduction of the inflammatory process were performed for patients with the help of analgesics, local anesthetics and peripheral blockade of the pudendal nerve (pudendal nerve block).
Results. 23 women with a mean age of 38.1 years (range 30–54 years) were included in the study. Based on a number of histological and cytological methods, biopsy and vulvoscopy, the diagnosis of BDV was established, which is currently classified as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the vulva. Treatment was performed with PDT.
The complete response rate of BDV patients with area percentage of the vulvar mucosa lesions of 25 %, 50 % and 100 % was 73.8 % following irradiation after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd series of PDT for 3 months to 1–2 years of follow-up. A partial response was achieved in 13.1 %, while no effect was also reported in 13.1 % of patients. In addition, some patients experienced pain of moderate to severe intensity.
Conclusions. Despite the small sample of BDV patients, PDT using both photolon as photosensitizer and an optimized photoirradiation regimen is a potential therapeutic organ-sparing treatment option for patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vulva. However, there is still a need to study the PDT procedure and the anesthesia choice in combination with various analgesics for patients with a high area percentage of vulvar lesions.
Monitoring and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 evolution
Authors: Miasoiedov V. V. , Nartov P. V. , Yurko K. V. , Lesovoy V. M. , Kapustnyk V. A. , Bondarenko A. V. , Cherniak M. Ye. , Yakushchenko V. A. , Kucheriavchenko V. V. , Maslova V. S. , Bondarenko O. V. 
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study – systematization and analysis of information on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants according to information databases and own cross-sectional studies.
Materials and methods. The analysis was conducted in the period 2020–2021 using information databases and research resources: Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scirus, Springer, Medline, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science. Our own examination included a total of 80 nasopharyngeal swabs (at least two specimens in each case) collected from ARVI symptomatic or suspected COVID-19 patients, who were treated at the MNE KRC “Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital” from June to October 2021 and tested positive on SARS-CoV-2. The first study was performed in the inter-peak period, and the second one – on the rise of the disease. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used for primary identification with the diagnostic kit “Biocore® SARS-CoV-2” (LLC “Biocor Technology Ltd.”, Ukraine) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Multiplex analysis SNPsig® VariPLEX™ Covid-19 (Primerdesign™ Ltd., UK) was used in the first cross-sectional study for secondary identification.
Results. Systematization and analysis of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants according to information databases were performed. According to the results of our cross-sectional studies on SARS-CoV2 variants circulating in the Kharkiv region in June – October 2021, the complete replacement of the alpha variant, which was dominant in June – 87.5 %, with the delta variant – 95.0 %. All patients had signs of respiratory failure, community-acquired pneumonia was visualized instrumentally (computed tomography, radiography, ultrasound) at the first study in 90 % of cases, and at the second – in 100 %. The median age of patients was 60.4 years (minimum – 25 years, maximum – 91 years) during the first study, but during the second – 52.6 years (minimum – 18 years, maximum – 84 years). Thus, the more aggressive and contagious delta variant has become dominant requiring thorough public health anti-epidemic measures.
Conclusions. Monitoring and control of the virus evolution using epidemiological studies, viral genetic sequence, as well as laboratory PCR are necessary to prevent the spread of COVID-19, to study the effectiveness of test systems and optimize diagnosis and etiotropic therapy as well as vaccine modifications.
Synthesis of bioactive natural products and their analogs at room temperature – an update
Authors: Majhi Sasadhar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sustainability is a concept that is employed to distinguish methods and procedures that can ensure the long-term productivity of the environment as it includes environmental, social, and economic dimensions. New generations can live on this planet with less hazardous substances and minimum requirement of energy for chemical transformations as green chemistry is related to creativity and the development of innovative research. Among the 12 principles of this clean chemistry, the sixth principle is devoted to the “design of energy efficiency” which discloses that less or the minimum amount of energy is required to conduct a specific reaction with optimum productivity. The most successful way to save energy is to construct strategies/methodologies that are capable enough to carry out the chemical transformations at ambient temperature and standard pressure. Hence, the present review wishes to cover the synthesis of bioactive natural products and their derivatives at room temperature. Bioactive secondary metabolites play a crucial role in the drug discovery together with drug development process; chiefly anticancer along with antibiotic molecules is noticeably enriched with molecules of natural origin. Natural sources, structures, and biological activities of natural products are highlighted in this review and it is also aimed to offer an overview of the design and synthesis of bioactive natural products and their analogs at room temperature for the first time efficiently.
A new method for the analysis of signals: the Square-Wave method
Authors: Skliar Osvaldo , Medina Víctor , Monge Ricardo E. 
Published: March 2022

The “Square-Wave Method” (SWM) presented here is a new method for the systematic analysis of signals – either locally or globally – depending on only one variable (time). The SWM is based on a technique (previously described elsewhere) for the representation of this type of signals using a sum of trains of square waves.
The SWM is applied here to several analytically characterized signals and to an audio signal.
Identificación del nivel de cumplimiento de las competencias profesionales de los guardavidas de océano permanentes de la Unidad Estatal de Protección Civil Colima
Authors: Macías Álvarez Fabian 
Published: March 2022

Las actividades humanas se han desarrollado en el margen de los espacios acuáticos naturales desde los inicios de la historia, sin embargo, este medio no deja de representar un peligro para la salud y la vida del individuo. Según estimaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2020), cada año mueren 320,000 personas ahogadas, lo que hace que los ahogamientos sean un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. A lo largo del tiempo se han usado diferentes términos para referirse al encargado de salvaguardar la vida humana en los espacios acuáticos, destacando los términos socorrista, nadador salvador, salvavidas y actualmente guardavidas.
Dentro de las medidas de mitigación para el ahogamiento en el Estado de Colima, se instauró la figura del guardavidas permanente, el cual depende en la actualidad de la Unidad Estatal de Protección Civil. Esta figura esboza un puesto de trabajo poco valorado, con actividades poco definidas y siendo cubierto por personas que se presume no cuentan con las competencias profesionales para el puesto. Identificar el nivel de cumplimiento de las competencias profesionales de los guardavidas de océano permanentes de la Unidad Estatal de Protección Civil Colima permitirá́ formular un diagnóstico objetivo de las capacidades teórico-prácticas que posee el grupo de estudio, así́ como de los valores y actitudes del personal, lo que permitirá́ detectar áreas de oportunidad así́ como necesidades de capacitación para mejorar de forma estratégica y eficiente.