bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping trends and hotspot regarding gastrointestinal microbiome and neuroscience: A bibliometric analysis of global research (2002–2022)
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Deng Yihui , Cai Yuzhe , Liu Yixuan , Peng Lanyu , Luo Zheng , Li Dingxiang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundScholars have long understood that gastrointestinal microorganisms are intimately related to human disorders. The literature on research involving the gut microbiome and neuroscience is emerging. This study exposed the connections between gut microbiota and neuroscience methodically and intuitively using bibliometrics and visualization. This study’s objectives were to summarize the knowledge structure and identify emerging trends and potential hotspots in this field.Materials and methodsOn October 18, 2022, a literature search was conducted utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for studies on gut microbiota and neuroscience studies from 2002 to 2022 (August 20, 2022). VOSviewer and CiteSpace V software was used to conduct the bibliometrics and visualization analysis.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2022 (August 20, 2022), 2,275 publications in the WoSCC database satisfied the criteria. The annual volume of publications has rapidly emerged in recent years (2016–2022). The most productive nation (n = 732, 32.18%) and the hub of inter-country cooperation (links: 38) were the United States. University College Cork had the most research papers published in this area, followed by McMaster University and Harvard Medical School. Cryan JF, Dinan TG, and Clarke G were key researchers with considerable academic influence. The journals with the most publications are “Neurogastroenterology and Motility” and “Brain Behavior and Immunity.” The most cited article and co-cited reference was Cryan JF’s 2012 article on the impact of gut microbiota on the brain and behavior. The current research hotspot includes gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation, gut-brain axis, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The research focus would be on the “gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation: a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and cognition” and “the role of two important theories of the gut-brain axis and microbial-gut-brain axis in diseases.” Burst detection analysis showed that schizophrenia, pathology, and psychiatric disorder may continue to be the research frontiers.ConclusionResearch on “gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation: a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and cognition” and “the role of two important theories of the gut-brain axis and microbial-gut-brain axis in diseases” will continue to be the hotspot. Schizophrenia and psychiatric disorder will be the key research diseases in the field of gut microbiota and neuroscience, and pathology is the key research content, which is worthy of scholars’ attention.
Image discrimination reversal learning is impaired by sleep deprivation in rats: Cognitive rigidity or fatigue?
Authors: Strobel Brian K. , Schmidt Michelle A. , Harvey Daniel O. , Davis Christopher J. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionInsufficient sleep is pervasive worldwide, and its toll on health and safety is recapitulated in many settings. It is thus important to understand how poor sleep affects the brain and decision making. A robust literature documents the adverse effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive processes including cognitive flexibility, which is the capacity to appraise new feedback and make behavioral adjustments to respond appropriately. Animal models are often used to unravel the molecules, genes and neural circuits that are altered by sleep loss. Herein we take a translational approach to model the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive rigidity, i.e., impaired cognitive flexibility in rats.MethodsThere are several approaches to assess cognitive rigidity; in the present study, we employ a pairwise discrimination reversal task. To our knowledge this is the first time this paradigm has been used to investigate sleep deprivation. In this touchscreen operant platform, we trained rats to select one of two images to claim a sucrose pellet reward. If the non-rewarded image was selected the rats proceeded to a correction trial where both images were presented in the same position as before. This image presentation continued until the rat selected the correct image. Once rats reached performance criteria, the reward contingencies were reversed. In one group of rats the initial reversal session was preceded by 10 h of sleep deprivation. We compared those rats to controls with undisturbed sleep on the number of sessions to reach performance criteria, number of trials per session, response latencies, correct responses, errors, perseverative errors and perseveration bouts in the initial training and reversal phases.ResultsWe report that on reversal session one, sleep deprived rats completed a fraction of the trials completed by controls. On subsequent reversal sessions, the sleep deprived rats struggled to adapt to the reversed contingencies despite completing a similar number of trials, suggesting an effect of cognitive rigidity separate from fatigue.DiscussionWe discuss the delayed performance dynamics incurred by sleep loss in the context of fatigue and the implications of using pairwise discrimination reversal as a model to further examine the effects of sleep loss on adaptive decision making.
Prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women with various thalassemia genotypes: Thoughts on iron supplementation in pregnant women with thalassemia genes
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Xiaozhuang , Zhao Yanhong , Zhang Yubin , Lin Yan , Xiao Meifang , Li Ling 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThere are limited studies on iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in carriers of various thalassemia genotypes. However, for pregnant women (PW) with high iron demand, ignoring the phenomenon of carrying the thalassemia genes combined with IDA may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe hematological phenotype indexes of 15,051 PW who received a prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in our hospital were analyzed, and the plasma ferritin (PF) of 714 anemic pregnant women (APW) was determined.ResultsThe results showed that 87.43% of APW without thalassemia suffered from IDA. Among APW with various thalassemia genotypes, we found that 40.00∼77.78% of subjects with α-thalassemia silent genotypes [αCS (or QS)α/αα (40.00%), –α3.7(or4.2)/αα (57.65%), and αWSα/αα (77.78%)] and 18.18∼84.21% of subjects with α-thalassemia minor genotypes [αCS (or QS)α/–α3.7(or4.2) (18.18%), –α3.7(or4.2)/–α3.7(or4.2) (40.00%), αα/–SEA (44.55%), and αWSα/–α3.7(or4.2) (84.21%)] developed IDA, while in subjects with α-thalassemia intermedia genotypes, only αWSα/–SEA was associated with IDA, with an incidence of 16.67%. However, the incidence of IDA in APW with common β-thalassemia minor genotypes (βCD17(A&gt;T)/β, βCD41/42 (–TTCT)/β, βCD71/72(+A)/β, βIVS–II–654(C&gt;T)/β, and β–28(A&gt;G)/β) was less than 10.85%. In addition, the APW with β-thalassemia minor had a higher PF level than the APW without thalassemia.ConclusionOur study is the first to reveal differences in the prevalence of IDA among PW with various thalassemia genotypes, indicating that the possibility of IDA should be fully considered when managing PW with α-thalassemia silent or minor genotypes in high-risk areas, and that iron supplementation should be monitored dynamically for PW with β-thalassemia minor genotypes.
The estimated burden of ultra-processed foods on cardiovascular disease outcomes in Brazil: A modeling study
Authors: Nilson Eduardo Augusto Fernandes , Ferrari Gerson , Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Rezende Leandro F. M. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionUltra-processed foods (UPF) have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to estimate CVD premature deaths, incident cases, and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to the consumption of UPF in Brazilian adults in 2019.MethodsA validated a comparative risk assessment model was adapted to estimate the burden of major CVD outcomes (coronary heart disease and stroke) attributable to the consumption of UPF in Brazilian adults aged 30 to 69 years. The model inputs included nationally representative data of the UPF contribution to the total energy of the diet, national official demographic records, CVD outcomes (incidence, deaths and DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease study for 2019, and relative risks from meta-analysis studies.ResultsWe estimated that approximately 19,200 premature deaths (95% uncertainty intervals – UI, 7,097 to 32,353), 74,900 new cases (95% UI, 25,983 to 128,725), and 883,000 DALYs/year (95% UI, 324,279 to 1,492,593) from CVD were attributable to the consumption of UPF in Brazil, corresponding to about 22% of the premature deaths from CVD and to 33% of the total premature all-cause deaths attributable to UPF intake among Brazilian adults. Reducing UPF consumption by 10% in the adult population would avert approximately 11% of the premature CVD deaths, equivalent to 2,100 deaths/year (95% UI, 697 to 4,511). A 20% reduction in UPF intake would avert approximately 21% of the premature CVD deaths or 4,100 deaths (95% UI, 1,413 to 8,047), and a 50% reduction in UPF intake would avert about 52% of the premature CVD deaths, corresponding to 9,900 deaths/year (95% UI, 3,682 to 17,820). If UPF consumption among adults was reduced to that of the first quintile of UPF intake in the baseline scenario, approximately 81% of the premature CVD deaths would be averted, corresponding to some 15,600 deaths/year (95% UI, 5,229 to 27,519).ConclusionOur study estimated a high burden of premature CVD outcomes attributable to the consumption of UPF in Brazil. Our findings support food policies aimed at reducing the consumption of UPF, such as fiscal and regulatory policies, which are imperative to prevent CVD in Brazil.
Association between serum arginine levels and cancer risk: A community-based nested case-control study
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Xiaomeng , Jia Pingping , Liu Chenan , Wei Yaping , Song Yun , Li Shuqun , Liu Lishun , Wang Binyan , Shi Hanping 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe effect of arginine on tumors appears to be bidirectional. The association of serum arginine with the risk of incident cancer remains uncovered at present. We aimed to investigate the prospective relationship of baseline serum arginine concentrations with the risk of incident cancer in hypertensive participants.Materials and methodsA nested, case-control study with 1,389 incident cancer cases and 1,389 matched controls was conducted using data from the China H-Type Hypertension Registry Study (CHHRS). Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between serum arginine and the risk of the overall, digestive system, non-digestive system, and site-specific cancer.ResultsCompared with matched controls, cancer patients had higher levels of arginine (21.41 μg/mL vs. 20.88 μg/mL,p&lt; 0.05). When serum arginine concentrations were assessed as quartiles, compared with participants in the lowest arginine quartile, participants in the highest arginine quartile had a 32% (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.71), and 68% (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.59) increased risk of overall and digestive system cancer, respectively, in the adjusted models. In the site-specific analysis, each standard deviation (SD) increment of serum arginine was independently and positively associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.82) in the adjusted analysis.ConclusionWe found that hypertensive individuals with higher serum arginine levels exhibited a higher risk of overall, digestive system, and colorectal cancer.
Association between malnutrition and contrast-associated acute kidney injury in congestive heart failure patients following coronary angiography
Authors: Ying Ming , Yang Junqing , Huang Zhidong , Ling Yihang , Wang Bo , Huang Haozhang , Li Qiang , Liu Jin , Liu Yong , Chen Zhujun 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that malnutrition is very common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and is closely related to the occurrence of acute kidney injury. However, the relationship between malnutrition and contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is unclear.Method and resultsWe obtained data from 842 patients who were diagnosed with CHF following coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary angiography (PCI) and had follow-up information from January 2013 to February 2016. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the Controlling Nutritional Status Score before CAG or PCI procedure (Group 1: Normal; Group 2: Mild Malnutrition; Group 3: Moderate to Severe Malnutrition). The main endpoint was CA-AKI. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. 556 (60.0%) patients suffered from malnutrition before CAG or PCI. During a median follow-up of 2.1 years, A total of 49 (5.82%) patients developed CA-AKI. Additionally, 5 (1.75%), 26 (6.27%) and 18 (12.77%) events were documented in patients with normal, mild and moderate or severe malnutrition, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). In multivariable-adjusted models, patients with malnutrition showed a significantly higher incidence of CA-AKI than those in the normal group.ConclusionMalnutrition is an independent risk factor for CA-AKI in CHF patients following CAG.
Immunohistochemical assessment and clinical, histopathologic, and molecular correlates of membranous somatostatin type-2A receptor expression in high-risk pediatric central nervous system tumors
Authors: Lazow Margot A. , Fuller Christine , Trout Andrew T. , Stanek Joseph R. , Reuss Jaime , Turpin Brian K. , Szabo Sara , Salloum Ralph 
Published: November 2022

Introduction177Lu-DOTATATE, a radionuclide therapy that binds somatostatin type-2A receptors (SST2A), has demonstrated efficacy in neuroendocrine tumors and evidence of central nervous system (CNS) penetration, supporting potential expansion within pediatric neuro-oncology. Understanding the prevalence of SST2A expression across pediatric CNS tumors is essential to identify patients who may benefit from somatostatin receptor-targeted therapy and to further elucidate the oncogenic role of SST2A.MethodsSST2A immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tumor specimens and interpreted by an experienced pathologist (blinded), utilizing semi-quantitative scoring of membranous expression within viable tumor. Immunoreactive cell percentage was visually scored as 0 (none), 1 (&lt;10%), 2 (10-50%), 3 (51-80%), or 4 (&gt;80%). Staining intensity was scored as 0 (none), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), or 3 (strong). Combined scores for each specimen were calculated by multiplying percent immunoreactivity and staining intensity values (Range: 0-12).ResultsA total of 120 tumor samples from 114 patients were analyzed. Significant differences in SST2A IHC scores were observed across histopathologic diagnoses, with consistently high scores in medulloblastoma (mean ± SD: 7.5 ± 3.6 [n=38]) and meningioma (5.7 ± 3.4 [n=15]), compared to minimal or absent expression in ATRT (0.3 ± 0.6 [n=3]), ETMR (1.0 ± 0 [n=3]), ependymoma (grades I-III; 0.2 ± 0.7 [n=27]), and high-grade glioma (grades III-IV; 0.4 ± 0.7 [n=23]). Pineoblastoma (3.8 ± 1.5 [n=4]) and other embryonal tumors (2.0 ± 4.0 [n=7]) exhibited intermediate, variable expression. Among medulloblastomas, SST2A IHC scores were higher in non-SHH (8.5 ± 3.1) than SHH (5.0 ± 3.3) molecular subgroups (p=0.033). In a subset of paired primary and recurrent specimens from four patients, SST2A IHC scores remained largely unchanged.DiscussionHigh membranous SST2A expression was demonstrated in medulloblastoma, meningioma, and some rarer embryonal tumors with potential diagnostic, biologic, and therapeutic implications. Somatostatin receptor-targeted therapy such as 177Lu-DOTATATE deserves further investigation in these highly SST2A-expressing pediatric CNS tumors.
Correlation between the severity of COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events and the blood group of the vaccinees in Saudi Arabia: A web-based survey
Authors: Almalki Ohoud S. , Khalifa Amany S. , Alhemeidi Ozouf F. , Ewis Ashraf A. , Shady Abeer M. , Abdelwahab Sayed F. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Recent epidemiological studies have reported an association between the ABO blood group and the acquisition, symptom severity, and mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the association between the ABO blood group antigens and the type and severity of COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse reactions has not been elucidated.Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in Saudi Arabia from February to April 2022. The study cohort included adults who had received or were willing to receive at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine of any type. We used Chi-square test to assess the association between the ABO blood groups and vaccine-related adverse reactions. p values of &lt;0.05 were considered significant.Results: Of the 1180 participants, approximately half were aged 18–30 years old, 69.2% were female, and 41.6% reported their blood group as O. The most frequent COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse reactions were fatigue (65%), pain at the injection site (56%), and headache (45.9%). These adverse reactions demonstrated significant correlations with the education level (p = 0.003) and nationality (p = 0.018) of the participants following the first dose, with gender (p &lt; 0.001) following the second dose, and with the general health status (p &lt; 0.001) after all the doses. Remarkably, no correlation was observed between the severity of the vaccine-related adverse reactions and ABO blood groups.Conclusion: Our findings do not support a correlation between the severity of COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse reactions and the ABO blood groups of the vaccinees. The creation of a national database is necessary to account for population differences.
Low-dose ganciclovir ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through inhibiting macrophage STING activation in mice
Authors: Gong Lin-Kong , Yang Xiaodong , Yang Juan , Wu Shu , Chen Yue , Zhang Jiang-Tao , Wang Zhi-Hong , Chen Li-Hua , Xing Chungen , Liu Tong 
Published: November 2022

Ganciclovir (GCV) is a prodrug nucleoside analogue and is clinically used as antiviral drug for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other infections. Based on the potential anti-inflammatory activity of GCV, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ganciclovir on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC), which may involve cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways. Our results demonstrated that incubation of GCV (50 μM) inhibited cGAS-STING pathway in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Then, it was found that intestinal cGAS-STING pathways were upregulated in UC patients, Crohn’s disease colitis (CD) patients, and DSS-induced colitis mice. Intraperitoneal injection of low-dose GCV (10 mg/kg/day) attenuated DSS-induced colitis and abdominal pain in mice. GCV treatment significantly inhibited the upregulation of cGAS-STING pathway in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, DSS-induced colitis and gut dysbiosis was markedly attenuated in STING deficient mice compared with that of wild-type (WT) mice. Finally, there was lacking therapeutic effect of GCV on DSS-induced colitis in STING deficient mice. Together, our results indicated that low-dose GCV ameliorated DSS-induced UC in mice, possibly through inhibiting STING signaling in colonic macrophages, indicating that GCV may be useful for the treatment of UC.
Meropenem for children with severe pneumonia: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tian Xue , Dong Lei , Jiang Ting-Ting , Tang Bo-Hao , Wang Ze-Ming , Wu Yue-E , You Dian-Ping , Bi Jing , Qian Su-Yun , Qi Hui , Shen A-Dong 
Published: November 2022

Background: Pneumonia, caused by infection or other factors, seriously endangers the health of children. Meropenem is an effective broad-spectrum antibiotic using in the treatment of infectious diseases. In the therapy of pneumonia, meropenem is mostly employed for the treatment of moderate to severe pneumonia. Previously, we established a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model for meropenem in pediatric severe infection and simulated the control rate of the time during which the free plasma concentration of meropenem exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 70% of the dosing interval (70% fT &gt; MIC). Therefore, we plan to conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the efficacy and safety between conventional regimen and model regimen for meropenem in pediatric severe pneumonia.Methods: One hundred patients (aged 3 months to 15 years) will be recruited in this RCT. They will be assigned randomly (at a 1:1 ratio) to a conventional treatment group (20 mg/kg, q8h, with 0.5–1 h infusion) and a model treatment group (20 mg/kg, q8 h, with 4 h infusion). The primary outcome will be 70% fT &gt; MIC. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of meropenem therapy failure, duration of antibiotic therapy, changes in levels of inflammatory indicators, changes in imaging examination results, and prevalence of adverse events. Ethical approval of our clinical trial has been granted by the ethics committee of Beijing Children’s Hospital ([2022]-E-133-Y). This trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061207).Discussion: Based on our previous PPK data, we have designed this RCT. It is hoped that it will promote rational use of antibacterial drugs in children suffering from severe pneumonia.Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn identifier, ChiCTR2200061207.