bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-constrained multiphase brittle tectonic evolution of the onshore mid-Norwegian passive margin
Authors: Tartaglia Giulia , Ceccato Alberto , Scheiber Thomas , van der Lelij Roelant , Schönenberger Jasmin , Viola Giulio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mid-Norwegian passive margin is a multiphase rifted margin that developed since the Devonian. Its geometry is affected by the long-lived activity of the Møre-Trøndelag fault complex, an ENE-WSW–oriented regional tectonic structure. We propose a time-constrained evolutionary scheme for the brittle history of the mid-Norwegian passive margin. By means of remote-sensing lineament detection, field work, microstructural analysis, paleostress inversion, mineralogical characterization, and K-Ar dating of fault rocks, six tectonic events have been identified: (1) Paleozoic NE-SW compression forming WNW-ESE–striking thrust faults; (2) Paleozoic NW-SE transpression forming conjugate strike-slip faults; (3) Carboniferous protorifting forming NW-SE– and NE-SW–striking faults; (4) Late Triassic–Jurassic (ca. 202 and 177 Ma) E-W extension forming approximately N-S–striking epidote- and quartz-coated normal faults and widespread alteration; (5) renewed rifting in the Early Cretaceous (ca. 122 Ma) with a NW-SE extension direction; and (6) Late Cretaceous extensional pulses (ca. 71, 80, 86, 91 Ma ago) reactivating preexisting faults and crystallizing prehnite and zeolite. Our multidisciplinary and multiscalar study sheds light onto the structural evolution of the mid-Norwegian passive margin and confirms the active role of the Møre-Trøndelag fault complex during the rifting stages. Our 62 new radiometric K-Ar ages define discrete episodes of faulting along the margin. The proposed workflow may assist in the interpretation of the structural framework of the mid-Norwegian passive margin offshore domain and also help to better understand fault patterns of fractured passive margins elsewhere.
Effect of eHealth-delivered exercise programmes on balance in people aged 65 years and over living in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ambrens Meghan , Alley Stephanie , Oliveira Juliana S , To Quyen , Delbaere Kim , Vandelanotte Corneel , Tiedemann Anne 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionExercise that challenges balance is proven to prevent falls in community-dwelling older people, yet widespread implementation and uptake of effective programmes is low. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised the evidence and evaluated the effect of eHealth-delivered exercise programmes compared with control on balance in community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years.MethodsNine databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL and Embase, were searched from inception to January 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials evaluating eHealth-delivered exercise programmes for community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years, published in English that included a balance outcome. Primary outcomes were static and dynamic balance. Secondary outcomes included fall risk and fear of falling. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs, Hedges’ g) with 95% CIs from random effects meta-analyses.ResultsWe identified 14 eligible studies that included 1180 participants. Methodological quality ranged from 3 to 8 (mean, 5). The pooled effect indicated that eHealth-delivered exercise programmes have a medium significant effect on static balance (11 studies; SMD=0.62, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.72) with very low-quality evidence. There was small statistically significant effect on dynamic balance (14 studies; SMD=0.42, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.73) with very low-quality evidence, and fall risk (5 studies; SMD=0.32, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.64) with moderate-quality evidence. No significant effect of eHealth programmes on fear of falling was found (four studies; SMD=0.10, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.24; high-quality evidence).ConclusionThis review provides preliminary evidence that eHealth-delivered exercise programmes improved balance and reduced fall risk in people aged ≥65 years. There is still uncertainty regarding the effect of eHealth delivered exercise programmes on fear of falling.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018115098.
Risky sexual behaviour and HIV testing uptake among male college students: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zhao Gang , Luo Yan , Xu Junfang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the sexual behaviours and HIV testing uptake of sexually experienced male college students in China.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November of 2020 among male college students.SettingHangzhou, China.ParticipantsMale students who had sexual experience in the previous year were investigated.Outcome measuresSexual risk behaviour was defined as having multiple sexual partners or having unprotected sex.ResultsMore than half of the sexually experienced male students (556, 53.2%) had their first sexual intercourse under the age of 18 years old. Among participants, 32.82% (343/1045) had causal sex in the last 6 months; 4.21% (44/1045) had paid sex; 37.32% (390/1045) had sex with other men and had two or more sexual partners in last half year; and 33.33% (130/390) used psychoactive drugs during same-sex intercourse. Only 33.5% (350/1045) of male students had undertaken an HIV test before.ConclusionMale college students especially men who have sex with men were at risk because they tended to be sexually adventurous, have sex at an early age, have sex with multiple sexual partners and practice unprotected sex. Furthermore, they had a low HIV testing uptake. This highlights the importance of carrying out targeted and timely HIV risk education towards college students.
Portable wide-field digital imaging for screening of neonatal visual impairment causes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a budget impact analysis
Authors: Haefeli Lorena M , Neves Luiza M , Zin Andrea , Costa Ana Carolina Carioca , Farias Meira de Vasconcelos Zilton , Pinto Marcia 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the budget impact of portable wide-field digital imaging incorporation on screening neonatal causes of childhood blindness and visual impairment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.DesignBudget impact analysis.SettingRio de Janeiro, Brazil.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the direct cost of indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy, red reflex test and portable wide-field digital image screening comprising all babies born in Rio de Janeiro’s government maternity wards. The secondary outcome was the budget impact of implementing portable wide-field digital image screening in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ResultsConsidering 100% coverage of maternity wards, the total budget impact between 2020 and 2024 would be US$3 820 706.04, ranging from US$3 139 844.34 to US$6 099 510.35. The additional cost would be US$3 124 457.28, ranging from US$2 714 492.26 to US$4 880 608.63.ConclusionThe cost of universal digital imaging screening corresponds to less than 1% of the government health budget of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The information provided in this study may help government decision-makers evaluate the feasibility of implementing this new strategy in the municipal setting. Further health economic evaluations should be performed to verify the affordability of the implementation of this screening strategy in the Brazilian scenario, taking into account scarce human resources.
Are deprivation-specific cancer survival patterns similar according to individual-based and area-based measures? A cohort study of patients diagnosed with five malignancies in England and Wales, 2008–2016
Authors: Woods Laura M , Belot Aurélien , Atherton Iain M , Elliss-Brookes Lucy , Baker Matthew , Ingleby Fiona C 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate if measured inequalities in cancer survival differ when using individual-based (‘person’) compared with area-based (‘place’) measures of deprivation for three socioeconomic dimensions: income, deprivation and occupation.DesignCohort study.SettingData from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study of England and Wales, UK, linked to the National Cancer Registration Database.ParticipantsPatients diagnosed with cancers of the colorectum, breast, prostate, bladder or with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma during the period 2008–2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDifferentials in net survival between groups defined by individual wage, occupation and education compared with those obtained from corresponding area-level metrics using the English and Welsh Indices of Multiple Deprivation.ResultsSurvival was negatively associated with area-based deprivation irrespective of the type analysed, although a trend from least to most deprived was not always observed. Socioeconomic differences were present according to individually-measured socioeconomic groups although there was an absence of a consistent ‘gradient’ in survival. The magnitude of differentials was similar for area-based and individually-derived measures of deprivation, which was unexpected.ConclusionThese unique data suggest that the socioeconomic influence of ‘person’ is different to that of ‘place’ with respect to cancer outcomes. This has implications for health policy aimed at reducing inequalities. Further research could consider the separate and additional influence of area-based deprivation over individual-level characteristics (contextual effects) as well as investigate the geographic, socioeconomic and healthcare-related characteristics of areas with poor outcomes in order to inform policy intervention.
Community-based culturally tailored education programmes for black adults with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and stroke: a systematic review protocol of primary empirical studies
Authors: Fulton Joseph IV , Singh Hardeep , Pakkal Oya , Uleryk Elizabeth M , Nelson Michelle LA 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionChronic conditions and stroke disproportionately affect black adults in communities all around the world partly due to patterns of systemic racism, disparities in care, and lack of resources. Culturally tailored programmes can potentially meet the needs of the communities they serve, including black adults who may experience reduced access to postacute services. To address unequal care received by black communities, a shift to community-based programmes that deliver culturally tailored programmes may give an alternative to a healthcare model which reinforces health inequities. The objectives of this review are to: (1) synthesise key programme characteristics and outcomes of culturally tailored community-based (CBCT) programmes that are designed to improve health outcomes in black adults with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or stroke and (2) identify which of the five categories of culturally appropriate programmes from Kreuter and colleagues have been used to implement CBCT programmes.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a systematic review that will search Medline, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases to identify studies of CBCT programmes for black adults with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or stroke between 2000 and 2021. Two reviewers will assess each study based on the inclusion criteria and any disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a customised data extraction form to identify programme characteristics and the strategies used to develop culturally appropriate programmes. AMSTAR will be used to evaluate the articles included in the study. The aggregated data will be presented through textual descriptions of programme characteristics and outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review protocol does not require ethics approval without the inclusion of human participants and will use studies that have previously obtained informed consent. The systematic review findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and used to inform future research led by JF and HS.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42021245772.
Comparing propofol anaesthesia guided by Bispectral Index monitoring and frontal EEG wave analysis with standard monitoring in laparoscopic surgery: protocol for the ‘EEG in General Anaesthesia - More Than Only a Bispectral Index’ Trial, a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gruber Bettina U , Girsberger Valerie , Kusstatscher Lukas , Funk Simon , Luethy Anita , Jakus Lien , Maillard Julien , Steiner Luzius A , Dell-Kuster Salome , Burkhart Christoph S 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe use of Bispectral Index (BIS) monitors for assessing depth of sedation has led to a reduction in both the incidence of awareness and anaesthetic consumption in total intravenous anaesthesia. However, these monitors are vulnerable to artefacts. In addition to the processed number, the raw frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) can be displayed as a curve on the same monitor. Anaesthesia practitioners can learn to interpret the EEG in a short tutorial and may be quicker and more accurate thanBIS in assessing anaesthesia depth by recognising EEG patterns. We hypothesise that quality of recovery (QoR) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery is better, if propofol is titrated by anaesthesia practitioners able to interpret the EEG.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, double-blind (patients and outcome assessors) randomised controlled trial taking place in four Swiss hospitals. Patients aged 18 years or older undergoing laparoscopic procedures with general anaesthesia using propofol and anaesthesia practitioners with more than 2 years experience will be eligible. The primary study outcome is the difference in QoR 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes are propofol consumption, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative delirium.QoR and propofol consumption are compared between both groups using a two-sample t-test. Fisher’s exact test is used to compare the incidences of PONV and delirium. A total of 200 anaesthesia practitioners (and 200 patients) are required to have an 80% chance of detecting the minimum relevant difference for the QoR-15 as significant at the 5% level assuming a SD of 20.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from all responsible ethics committees (lead committee: Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz, 16 January 2021). The findings of the trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at international conferences, and may lead to a change in titrating propofol in clinical practice.Trial registration numberwww.clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04105660
Feasibility of Cognitive Training in Combination With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in a Home-Based Context (TrainStim-Home): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thams Friederike , Rocke Merle , Malinowski Robert , Nowak Rafal , Grittner Ulrike , Antonenko Daria , Flöel Agnes 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionWith the worldwide increase of life expectancy leading to a higher proportion of older adults experiencing age-associated deterioration of cognitive abilities, the development of effective and widely accessible prevention and therapeutic measures has become a priority and challenge for modern medicine. Combined interventions of cognitive training and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown promising results for counteracting age-associated cognitive decline. However, access to clinical centres for repeated sessions is challenging, particularly in rural areas and for older adults with reduced mobility, and lack of clinical personnel and hospital space prevents extended interventions in larger cohorts. A home-based and remotely supervised application of tDCS would make the treatment more accessible for participants and relieve clinical resources. So far, studies assessing feasibility of combined interventions with a focus on cognition in a home-based setting are rare. With this study, we aim to provide evidence for the feasibility and the effects of a multisession home-based cognitive training in combination with tDCS on cognitive functions of healthy older adults.Methods and analysisThe TrainStim-Home trial is a monocentric, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thirty healthy participants, aged 60–80 years, will receive 2 weeks of combined cognitive training and anodal tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (target intervention), compared with cognitive training plus sham stimulation. The cognitive training will comprise a letter updating task, and the participants will be stimulated for 20 min with 1.5 mA. The intervention sessions will take place at the participants’ home, and primary outcome will be the feasibility, operationalised by two-thirds successfully completed sessions per participant. Additionally, performance in the training task and an untrained task will be analysed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the ethics committee of the University Medicine Greifswald. Results will be available through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04817124.
Nissen-Sleeve procedure versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with morbid obesity and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: protocol for a non-inferiority randomised trial (GINSBY)
Authors: 't Hart Judith W H , Noordman Bo J , Biter Laser U , Leeuwenburgh Ivonne , Dunkelgrun Martin , Apers Jan A 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are the most frequently performed procedures in bariatric surgery. In patients with morbid obesity and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), LRYGB is the most accepted procedure. For patients with a contraindication for LRYGB or a strong preference for LSG, the Nissen-Sleeve procedure may be a viable new option. The aim of this study is to compare effectiveness of Nissen-Sleeve with LRYGB.Method and analysisThis is a single-centre, phase III, parallel-group randomised controlled trial in a high-volume bariatric centre in the Netherlands. A total of 88 patients with morbid obesity and GORD will be randomised to evaluate non-inferiority of Nissen-Sleeve versus LRYGB (non-inferiority margin 15%, power 80%, one-sided α 0.025, 9% drop out). Patients with morbid obesity aged 18 years and older with GORD according to the Montreal definition will be included after obtaining informed consent. Exclusion criteria are achalasia, neoplastic abnormalities diagnosed during endoscopy, super obesity (body mass index ≥50 kg/m2), Crohn’s disease and medical history of major abdominal surgery. After randomisation, all patients will undergo an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients in the Nissen-Sleeve arm will undergo a timed barium oesophagram to exclude oesophageal motility disorders. Patients will complete six questionnaires at baseline and every year until 5 years of follow-up. At day 1 postoperative, patients in the Nissen-Sleeve arm will undergo a swallow X-ray to confirm passage. At 1 year, all patients will undergo another endoscopy. The primary outcome is GORD status. Absence of GORD is defined as <8 points on the GORD questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures are long-term GORD improvement; failure rate of procedure; health-related quality of live; weight loss; proton pump inhibitor use; postoperative complications <30 days and >30 days; length of hospital stay; duration of primary surgery; effect on comorbidities; presence and grade of oesophagitis (grade A–D) and/or presence of Barrett’s oesophagus and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committees United (MEC-U), Nieuwegein, on 15 September 2021. Written informed consent will be obtained for all participants in the study. The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNL9789; The Netherlands Trial Registry.
Effects of a nurse-led peer support intervention for stroke survivors: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wan Xiaojuan , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Wu Ying , Xu Limei , Gong Weijuan 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionMany stroke survivors have unmet psychosocial needs during the recovery phase following a stroke. There is emerging evidence that peer support interventions may play a valuable role in managing stroke. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of peer support interventions on the psychosocial outcomes of stroke survivors is uncertain. This study aims to develop a nurse-led peer support intervention for stroke survivors based on the Person–Environment–Occupation–Performance Model and evaluate its effects on the psychosocial outcomes of stroke survivors.Methods and analysisThis is an assessor-blinded two-arm randomised controlled trial. A convenience sample of 120 stroke survivors will be recruited from two community centres and one rehabilitation unit in Yangzhou, a medium-sized city in eastern China, with 60 participants each in the intervention and control groups. The participants allocated to the intervention group will receive the nurse-led peer support intervention, which includes 6 weekly peer support sessions facilitated by a nurse and at least one peer facilitator. Participants randomised to the control group will receive the same dose of interpersonal interaction as intervention participants, including weekly individual face-to-face session for 6 weeks. The primary outcomes are social participation and participation self-efficacy. The secondary outcomes are psychosocial distress, social support, stigma towards disease, self-efficacy in managing chronic conditions and quality of life. Data will be collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention. A process evaluation will be conducted qualitatively and quantitively to examine the mechanism by which the intervention impacts the psychosocial outcomes of stroke survivors. All outcomes will be analysed following the intention to treat principle. Generalised Estimation Equation models will be used to assess the intervention effect.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CREC Ref. No.: 2021.196-T). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Results of the study will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at local or international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100050853.