bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PURSUIT OF SELF-ESTEEM IN PHYLLIS WHITNEY’S NOVEL “HUNTER’S GREEN”
Authors: Siskawati Zulfia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study analyses Phyllis Whitney’s novel “Hunter’s Green”. The problem of this study is to what extend the novel reveal the pursuit of Self-Esteem and how the elements of novel; character and setting support the pursuit of self -esteem. The result of the study shows that there are three features of pursuit of self-esteem conducted by the character Nigel Barrow. They are building awareness, getting support, and gaining position. Building awareness is revealed through the condition of Nigel, as low class person, lives in high-class family, Athmore, which is full of superiority. He realizes his positive value; superior in brain and has the same chance to enter the school just like the high class does. Gaining support is revealed through the condition in which Nigel lives among people who judge him low. He proves himself to get support from his society. Gaining position is by having position as educated and privileged person through attaining prestigious school. He attains the school by winning himself a difficult scholarship. It gives sense of satisfaction and pride on himself since his condition born as low class. Nigel also gets position as wealthy person through doing precious business in the field of building and real estate in Bahamas. This is part of Nigel’s pursuit of self-esteem since Nigel gets it in competitive condition. This condition enriches his view on himself as worthy person who has potentials and capabilities. Hopefully, there must be something to learn in the literary work in spite of its mere function as entertainment.
Kata Kunci: pursuit, self-esteem
Abstrak
Studi ini adalah analisa novel Phyllis Whitney Hunter’s Green. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam analisa ini adalah sejauh mana novel ini memperlihatkan pengejaran harga diri (The Pursuit of Self-Esteem) dan bagaimana elemen-elemen novel yang difokuskan kepada character (tokoh) dan setting (latar) mendukung pengejaran harga diri tersebut. Tujuan dari analisa ini adalah untuk mendapatkan jawaban sejauh mana novel Hunter’s Green memperlihatkan pengejaran self-esteem dan bagaimana elemen setting dan character mendukung pengejaran self-esteem dalam novel ini. Dari penganalisaaan didapatkan bahwa tokoh Nigel Barrow, yang berasal dari status rendah melakukan berbagai usaha untuk mengejar harga dirinya. Usahanya itu adalah dengan membangun kesadaran akan potensi dirinya dan keberhargaan dirinya (building awareness) dengan meraih dukungan dari lingkungan (gaining support) dan dengan meraih posisi ditengah-tengah masyarakatnya (gaining position). Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan Nigel ini adalah bahagian dari pengejaran harga diri karena dia merasa puas dan bangga akan kemampuannya dalam kondisi kompetitif.
Keyword: pursuit and self-esteem
ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS TEUN VAN DIJK DALAM CERPEN “TUKANG DONGENG” KARYA KEN HANGGARA
Authors: Jumriah, Andi Saadillah, Nuruh H, 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the analysis of critical discourse, discourse is not only understood as a study of language. Language is analyzed not only from the linguistic aspect, but also relates it to context. This study examines the literary text, especially the short story written by Ken Hanggara "Tukang Dongeng". Discourse in this case is in the form of a message that the writer wants to convey to the reader. The meaning of a message cannot only be interpreted as what is evident in the text, but must be analyzed from hidden meanings, so critical studies are needed. One of the concepts of Critical Discourse Analysis that can be used in studying literature is the concept developed by Van Dijk. Teun Van Dijk saw a text consisting of several structures / levels, each part supporting each other namely the dimensions of the text, social cognition, and social context.
Keywords: short stories, AWK, Teun Van Dijk

Abstrak
Dalam analisis wacana kritis, wacana tidak hanya dipahami sebagai studi bahasa. Bahasa dianalisis tidak hanya dari aspek kebahasaan saja, tetapi juga menghubungkannya dengan konteks. Penelitian ini mengkaji teks sastra, khususnya cerpen karangan Ken Hanggara “Tukang Dongeng”. Wacana dalam hal ini berupa pesan yang ingin disampaikan penulis kepada pembaca. Makna suatu pesan tidak bisa hanya ditafsirkan sebagai apa yang tampak nyata dalam teks, namun harus dianalisis dari makna yang tersembunyi, sehingga dibutuhkan kajian yang kritis. Salah satu konsep Analisis Wacana Kritis yang dapat digunakan dalam mengkaji sastra yakni konsep yang dikembangkan oleh Van Dijk. Teun Van Dijk melihat suatu teks terdiri dari beberapa struktur/tingkatan yang masing-masing bagian saling mendukung yakni dimensi teks, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial.
Kata kunci: cerpen, AWK, Teun Van Dijk
Stereoscopic projection lithography based 3D printing with high precision for advanced tissue engineering application
Authors: Ma Jianli , Zhao Shuo , Li Yongcheng , Hu Jingjing , Zhang Ling , Zhou Xuan , Yan Li 
Published: November 2022

The emergence of tissue engineering technology provides an option for the treatment of early organ and tissue lesions by combination of biomimetic scaffolds and stem cells. Stereoscopic projection lithography is utilized broadly in varied application areas due to its high-precision, resolution, and efficiency features. It can be used to fabricate and manufacture complex scaffolds with hierarchical construct, which are highly suitable for advanced tissue engineering application. In current work, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) was synthesized and fabricated to bioactive scaffold because of its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability by using stereoscopic projection lithography based 3D printer (YC-M3D-10). The scaffold displayed multilayered micro structures that supported stem cell growth and promoted cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that the cells proliferated significantly on the printed GelMA scaffold after 6 days. Moreover, GelMA scaffolds can promote cell proliferation and show great prospects in future tissue engineering applications.
An overview of educational inequality in India: The role of social and demographic factors
Authors: Garg Mausam Kumar , Chowdhury Poulomi , SK Md Illias Kanchan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the change in the level of educational inequality and the contribution of social factors and demographic factors.Data sourceThree rounds of National Sample Survey viz. 64th (2007–2008), 71st (2014), and 75th (2017-2018) have been used.MethodsEducation Gini is used to study the extent of educational inequality over the time period. Decomposition method is used for "within-group" and “between group” inequality. Tobit regression model is utilized to study factors influencing average years of schooling (AYS). Finally, regression-based Shapley decomposition method is used to identify factors contributing in educational inequality.ResultsThe level of AYS has improved over the period and reached to 7.7 years in 2018. Further, the level of educational inequality gone down between 2007 and 2018, but the Gini indices are still concentrated around 38%. Decomposition of the Gini and Shapley regression approach indicates that the within-group component and rural-urban division contribute the most to educational inequality. Tobit model signifies that digital exposure, household occupation, wealth quintile, and household size play a key role in determining educational attainment.ConclusionThe paper underscores the improvement of education in rural areas by focusing on school infrastructure, e-learning, educational quality, and parent involvement.
Microsynthetics in waters of the South American Pantanal
Authors: De Faria Érika , Girard Pierre , Gomes Camargo Alan Lacerda , Moreschi Silva Andressa Carla , Christo Susete Wambier , Casado Coy Nuria , Sanz-Lazaro Carlos , Costa Monica Ferreira 
Published: November 2022

Microplastics are an emerging global threat to freshwater ecosystems. There is a growing number of microplastic studies in wetlands and floodplains such as the Pantanal. Microplastics in the Pantanal’s water courses, lakes, and floodplains were sampled with a plankton net in 16 locations in the Pantanal lowlands at varying distances from their potential urban sources over 2 years. Microplastics from the water samples were separated from sediments and organic matter and examined under a stereomicroscope to be identified and counted. Visual determination was then confirmed by RAMAN spectrometry. We found 730 microplastics. The average ± std microplastic concentration was 38 ± 16 x/m3, ranging between 10 and 100 x/m3. Fibres, fragments, and films represented 68%, 28%, and 4%, respectively, of the total microplastics. Surprisingly, a synthetic blue fibre of non-identified composition accounted for 51.0% of the microplastics. Other identified polymers included PP (18.2%), PET (16.9%), PVC (5.1%), PVA (4.4%) and LDPE (4.4%). The blue fibres, PP, and PET were found at all sampling locations. Microplastic concentrations varied from 27 ± 12 x/m3 to 48 ± 21 x/m3 across the sampling sites. Microplastics’ average size was 0.51 ± 0.21 mm, ranging from 0.06 to 0.97 mm. In the study area, the average seasonal concentrations varied from 34 ± 11 to 43 ± 18 x/m3 during the 2 years study period (2018–2019). In lentic environments, the median concentrations (30 x/m3) were significantly lower than in the lotic ones (40 x/m3). Urban human activities are a potential source of microplastics as the concentration of these increased significantly with the population of the nearest human agglomeration. These results indicate widespread contamination of the Pantanal waters by microplastics. Furthermore, a microsynthetic of indeterminate composition is found everywhere in the Pantanal, and more research is urgently needed to determine its composition and sources. The contamination by micropolymers and other microsynthetics will likely impact the Pantanal biota and, eventually, humans living in these floodplains.
Monocyte adaptations in patients with obesity during a 1.5 year lifestyle intervention
Authors: van der Valk Eline S. , Mulder Daniël S. , Kouwenhoven Tessa , Nagtzaam Nicole M. A. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Dik Willem A. , Leenen Pieter J. M. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundObesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is reflected in altered peripheral blood monocyte characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze the monocyte subset composition (classical (CM), intermediate (IM) and non-classical monocytes (NCM)), and their inflammatory marker profile (CD14, CD16, CD36, CD45, CD64, CD300e, HLA-DR) in individuals with obesity during a 1.5 year combined lifestyle intervention (CLI), comprising healthy nutrition, increased exercise and behavioral changes.MethodsWe analyzed monocyte subset counts and immunophenotypes in 73 individuals with obesity, and associated these to baseline body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The measurements were repeated after 10 weeks and at the end of the intervention (1.5 years).ResultsGenerally, monocyte subset counts were not associated to BMI or WC at baseline, neither did monocyte counts change during the 1.5 year CLI. Immunophenotypically, higher baseline BMI and WC were associated to lower CD14 and higher CD300e expression by all subsets. During CLI there were remarkable changes in marker profiles: expression of CD14, CD36, CD45 and CD64 significantly decreased in CM and IM, as did CD16 (IM and NCM) (p&lt;0.05). CD300e initially decreased after 10 weeks, but increased sharply at 1.5 years (all subsets). We observed no consistent associations between changes in monocyte characteristics and anthropometric changes.ConclusionA 1.5 year CLI in individuals with obesity mediates persistent immunophenotypic adaptations related to cellular activation in blood monocytes, whereas changes in subset distribution are limited. Lifestyle-induced changes in the inflammatory profile of monocytes differ from the ‘less-severe-obesity’-phenotype, suggesting a novel, ‘post-weight-loss’ monocyte setpoint.
An artificial intelligence system to predict the optimal timing for mechanical ventilation weaning for intensive care unit patients: A two-stage prediction approach
Authors: Liu Chung-Feng , Hung Chao-Ming , Ko Shian-Chin , Cheng Kuo-Chen , Chao Chien-Ming , Sung Mei-I , Hsing Shu-Chen , Wang Jhi-Joung , Chen Chia-Jung , Lai Chih-Cheng , Chen Chin-Ming , Chiu Chong-Chi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFor the intensivists, accurate assessment of the ideal timing for successful weaning from the mechanical ventilation (MV) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is very challenging.PurposeUsing artificial intelligence (AI) approach to build two-stage predictive models, namely, the try-weaning stage and weaning MV stage to determine the optimal timing of weaning from MV for ICU intubated patients, and implement into practice for assisting clinical decision making.MethodsAI and machine learning (ML) technologies were used to establish the predictive models in the stages. Each stage comprised 11 prediction time points with 11 prediction models. Twenty-five features were used for the first-stage models while 20 features were used for the second-stage models. The optimal models for each time point were selected for further practical implementation in a digital dashboard style. Seven machine learning algorithms including Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), lightGBM, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perception (MLP) were used. The electronic medical records of the intubated ICU patients of Chi Mei Medical Center (CMMC) from 2016 to 2019 were included for modeling. Models with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were regarded as optimal models and used to develop the prediction system accordingly.ResultsA total of 5,873 cases were included in machine learning modeling for Stage 1 with the AUCs of optimal models ranging from 0.843 to 0.953. Further, 4,172 cases were included for Stage 2 with the AUCs of optimal models ranging from 0.889 to 0.944. A prediction system (dashboard) with the optimal models of the two stages was developed and deployed in the ICU setting. Respiratory care members expressed high recognition of the AI dashboard assisting ventilator weaning decisions. Also, the impact analysis of with- and without-AI assistance revealed that our AI models could shorten the patients’ intubation time by 21 hours, besides gaining the benefit of substantial consistency between these two decision-making strategies.ConclusionWe noticed that the two-stage AI prediction models could effectively and precisely predict the optimal timing to wean intubated patients in the ICU from ventilator use. This could reduce patient discomfort, improve medical quality, and lower medical costs. This AI-assisted prediction system is beneficial for clinicians to cope with a high demand for ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Development of real-time and lateral flow recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Mesquita Silvia Gonçalves , Lugli Elena Birgitta , Matera Giovanni , Fonseca Cristina Toscano , Caldeira Roberta Lima , Webster Bonnie 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAccurate diagnosis followed by timely treatment is an effective strategy for the prevention of complications together with reducing schistosomiasis transmission. Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific isothermal method with low resource needs. This research aimed at the development and optimisation of a real-time (RT) and a lateral flow (LF) RPA assay for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni.MethodologyRecombinase Polymerase Amplification reactions were performed at full- (as recommended) and half-volumes (to reduce costs), with RT or LF detection systems targeting the S. mansoni mitochondrial minisatellite region. The specificity was assessed using gDNA from other Schistosoma species, helminths co-endemic with S. mansoni, human stool, and urine, and Biomphalaria snail hosts. The analytical sensitivity was evaluated using serial dilutions of gDNA, synthetic copies of the target, and single eggs. The ability of both assays to detect the S. mansoni DNA in human urine and stool samples was also tested. The long-term stability of the RT-RPA reagents was evaluated by storing the reaction components in different temperature conditions for up to 3  weeks.ResultsThe RT- and the LF-RPA (SmMIT- and SmMIT-LF-RPA, respectively) presented similar results when used full- and half-volumes, thus the latter was followed in all experiments. The SmMIT-RPA was 100% specific to S. mansoni, able to detect a single egg, with a limit of detection (LOD) of down to 1  fg of gDNA and one synthetic copy of the target. The assay was able to detect S. mansoni DNA from stool containing 1 egg/g and in spiked urine at a concentration of 10  fg/μl. SmMIT-RPA reagents were stable for up to 3  weeks when kept at 19°C, and 2  weeks when stored at 27°C. The SmMIT-LF-RPA cross-reacted with Clinostomidae, presented the LOD of 10  fg and one synthetic copy of the target, being able to detect a single egg and 1 egg/g in a stool sample. The LOD in spiked urine samples was 10  pg/μl.ConclusionThe half-volume SmMIT-RPA is a promising method to be used in the field. It is specific, sensitive, robust, and tolerant to inhibitors, with a long-term stability of the reaction components and the real-time visualisation of results.
Tai Chi practice enables prefrontal cortex bilateral activation and gait performance prioritization during dual-task negotiating obstacle in older adults
Authors: Chen Yan , Wan Aiying , Mao Min , Sun Wei , Song Qipeng , Mao Dewei 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWith aging, the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) declined, postural control weakened, and fall risk increased. As a mind–body exercise, regular Tai Chi practice could improve postural control and effectively prevent falls; however, underlying brain mechanisms remained unclear, which were shed light on by analyzing the effect of Tai Chi on the PFC in older adults by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Methods36 healthy older adults without Tai Chi experience were divided randomly into Tai Chi group and Control group. The experiment was conducted four times per week for 16 weeks; 27 participants remained and completed the experiment. Negotiating obstacle task (NOT) and negotiating obstacle with cognitive task (NOCT) were performed pre- and post-intervention, and Brodmann area 10 (BA10) was detected using fNIRS for hemodynamic response. A three-dimensional motion capture system measured walking speed.ResultsAfter intervention in the Tai Chi group under NOCT, the HbO2 concentration change value (ΔHbO2) in BA10 was significantly greater (right BA10: p = 0.002, left BA10: p = 0.001), walking speed was significantly faster (p = 0.040), and dual-task cost was significantly lower than pre-intervention (p = 0.047). ΔHbO2 in BA10 under NOCT was negatively correlated with dual-task cost (right BA10: r = −0.443, p = 0.021, left BA10: r = −0.448, p = 0.019). There were strong negative correlations between ΔHbO2 and ΔHbR under NOCT either pre-intervention (left PFC r = −0.841, p &lt; 0.001; right PFC r = −0.795, p &lt; 0.001) or post-intervention (left PFC r = −0.842, p &lt; 0.001; right PFC r = −0.744, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionTai Chi practice might increase the cognitive resources in older adults through the PFC bilateral activation to prioritize gait performance during negotiating obstacles under a dual-task condition.
Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the East African region: A meta-analysis
Authors: Onohuean Hope , Akiyode Abraham Olutumininu , Akiyode Oluwole , Igbinoba Sharon Iyobor , Alagbonsi Abdullateef Isiaka 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThere is a scarcity of epidemiological data on neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in East Africa. This meta-analysis provides the regional prevalence of NDs, their contributing factors, and evidence of change over time concerning gender per age or year.MethodsArticles were retrieved from electronic databases following the PRISMA standard.ResultsForty-two studies were reviewed, and 25 were meta-analyzed with a random-effects model. The pool estimate proportion of 15.27%, 95% CI (0.09–0.23) (I2 = 98.25%), (Q = 1,369.15, p &lt; 0.0001) among a population of 15,813 male/female and 1,257 with NDs. Epidemiological characteristics associated with NDs include Dyskinesias prevalence 55.4%, 95% CI (13.5; 90.9), I2 (96%) and subsistence farming prevalence 11.3%, 95% CI (5.8; 20.9), I2 (99%). Publication bias by Egger test was (z = 4.1913, p &lt; 0.0001), while rank correlation test using Kendall's model was (tau = 0.1237, p = 0.3873). Heterogeneity (R2 design = 5.23%, p design &lt; 0.0001; R2 size = 52.163%, p size &lt; 0.001; and R2 period = 48.13, p period &lt; 0.0001. Covariates (R2 design + size + period = 48.41%, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of NDs in the East African region, which could impact life expectancy, morbidity, and quality of life. Thus, early screening and regular surveillance could assist in management strategies.
Association between low-fat diet and liver cancer risk in 98,455 participants: Results from a prospective study
Authors: Peng Linglong , Xiang Ling , Xu Zhiquan , Gu Haitao , Zhu Zhiyong , Tang Yunhao , Jiang Yahui , He Hongmei , Wang Yaxu , Zhao Xiaodong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundLow-fat diet reduces the risk of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which exhibit overlapping mechanisms with liver cancer. However, the association between low-fat diet and liver cancer risk remains unclear.AimTo investigate whether adherence to low-fat diet is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer in a prospective study.Materials and methodsData of participants in this study were collected from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. A low-fat diet score was calculated to reflect adherence to low-fat dietary pattern, with higher scores indicating greater adherence. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for liver cancer incidence with adjustment for potential covariates. Restricted cubic spline model was used to characterize liver cancer risk across the full range of the low-fat diet score. Prespecified subgroup analyses were used to identify potential impact modifiers. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of this association.ResultsA total of 98,455 participants were included in the present analysis. The mean (standard deviation) age, low-fat diet score, and follow-up time were 65.52 (5.73) years, 14.99 (6.27) points, and 8.86 (1.90) years, respectively. During 872639.5 person-years of follow-up, 91 liver cancers occurred, with an overall incidence rate of 0.01 cases per 100 person-years. In the fully adjusted Cox model, the highest versus the lowest quartile of low-fat diet score was found to be associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.218, 0.964; P = 0.035 for trend), which remained associated through a series of sensitivity analyses. The restricted cubic spline model showed a linear dose–response association between low-fat diet score and liver cancer incidence (p = 0.482 for non-linear). Subgroup analyses did not show significant interaction between low-fat diet score and potential impact modifiers in the incidence of liver cancer.ConclusionIn this study, low-fat diet score is associated with reduced liver cancer risk in the US population, indicating that adherence to low-fat diet may be helpful for liver cancer prevention. Future studies should validate our findings in other populations.