bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results from the AAPM Task Group 324 respiratory motion management in radiation oncology survey
Authors: Ball Helen J. , Santanam Lakshmi , Senan Suresh , Tanyi James A. , van Herk Marcel , Keall Paul J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the clinical practice of respiratory motion management in radiation oncology.MethodsA respiratory motion management survey was designed and conducted based on clinician survey guidelines. The survey was administered to American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) members on 17 August 2020 and closed on 13 September 2020.ResultsA total of 527 respondents completed the entire survey and 651 respondents completed part of the survey, with the partially completed surveys included in the analysis. Overall, 84% of survey respondents used deep inspiration breath hold for left‐sided breast cancer. Overall, 83% of respondents perceived respiratory motion management for thoracic and abdominal cancer radiotherapy patients to be either very important or required. Overall, 95% of respondents used respiratory motion management for thoracic and abdominal sites, with 36% of respondents using respiratory motion management for at least 90% of thoracic and abdominal patients. The majority (60%) of respondents used the internal target volume method to treat thoracic and abdominal cancer patients, with 25% using breath hold or abdominal compression and 13% using gating or tracking.ConclusionsA respiratory motion management survey has been completed by AAPM members. Respiratory motion management is generally considered very important or required and is widely used for breast, thoracic, and abdominal cancer treatments.
Stability of Thin Film Neuromodulation Electrodes under Accelerated Aging Conditions
Authors: Oldroyd Poppy , Gurke Johannes , Malliaras George G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThin film electrodes are becoming increasingly common for interfacing with tissue. However, their long‐term stability has yet to be proven in neuromodulation applications where electrical stimulation over months to years is desired. Here, the stability of pristine and PEDOT:PSS‐coated Au, as well as pristine PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes are examined over a period of 3 months in an accelerated aging setup where they are exposed to current stimulation, hydrogen peroxide, mechanical agitation, and high temperature. Pristine PEDOT:PSS electrodes show the highest stability, while pristine Au electrodes show the lowest stability. Failure mode analysis reveals that delamination and Au corrosion are the key drivers of electrode degradation. The PEDOT:PSS coating slows down Au corrosion to a degree that depends on the overlap between the two films. The results demonstrate that pristine PEDOT:PSS electrodes represent a promising way forward toward thin film devices for long‐term in vivo neuromodulation applications.
A New Class of Organic Crystals with Extremely Large Hyperpolarizability: Efficient THz Wave Generation with Wide Flat‐Spectral‐Band
Authors: Kim Seung‐Jun , Yu In Cheol , Kim Dong‐Joo , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn organic π‐conjugated crystals, enhancing molecular optical nonlinearity of chromophores (e.g., first hyperpolarizability β ≥ 300 × 10−30 esu) in most cases unfortunately results in zero macroscopic optical nonlinearity, which is a bottleneck in organic nonlinear optics. In this study, a new class of nonlinear optical organic crystals introducing a chromophore possessing an extremely large first hyperpolarizability is reported. With newly designed 4‐(4‐(4‐(hydroxymethyl)piperidin‐1‐yl)styryl)‐1‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐1‐ium (PMPR) chromophore, incorporating a head‐to‐tail cation‐anion OH⋯O hydrogen‐bonding synthon and an optimal selection of molecular anion into crystals results in extremely large macroscopic optical nonlinearity with effective first hyperpolarizability of 335 × 10−30 esu. This is in sharp contrast to zero value for previously reported analogous crystals. An ultrathin PMPR crystal with a thickness of ≈10 µm exhibits excellent terahertz (THz) wave generation performance. Both i) broadband THz wave generation with a wide flat‐spectral‐band in the range of 0.7–3.4 THz defined at −3 dB and high upper cut‐off generation frequency of > 7 THz as well as ii) high‐generation efficiency (5 times higher THz amplitude than ZnTe crystal with a mm‐scale thickness) are simultaneously achieved. Therefore, new PMPR crystals are highly promising materials for diverse applications in nonlinear optics and THz photonics.
High Quality Factor Microcavity for Van der Waals Semiconductor Polaritons Using a Transferrable Mirror
Authors: Paik Eunice Y. , Zhang Long , Hou Shaocong , Zhao Haonan , Chou Yu‐Hsun , Forrest Stephen R. , Deng Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSemiconductor microcavities with a high quality‐factor are an important component for photonics research and technology, especially in the strong coupling regime. While van der Waals semiconductors have emerged as an interesting platform for photonics due to their strong exciton–photon interaction strength and engineering flexibility, incorporating them in photonic devices requires heterogeneous integration and remains a challenge. This study demonstrates a method to assemble high quality factor microcavities for van der Waals materials, using high reflectance top mirrors which, similar to van der Waals materials themselves, can be nondestructively and reliably peeled off the substrate and transferred onto the rest of the device. Microcavities are created with quality factors consistently above 2000 and up to 11000 ± 800; and the strong coupling regime is demonstrated. The method can be generalized to other types of heterogeneously integrated photonic structures and will facilitate research on cavity quantum electrodynamic and photonic systems using van der Waals materials.
Hole Transport Layer Modification for Highly Efficient Divalent Ion‐Doped Pure Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Dingshuo , Gao Yun , Wu Xiaohui , Fan Chao , Li Hongjin , Cui Qiaopeng , Dai Xingliang , He Haiping , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDivalent ions‐doping has recently been developed as a new approach to blue perovskite light emitting diodes (LEDs) with improved spectral stability. However, the efficiency of these perovskite LEDs, especially in the pure blue region, is still far behind their red‐ and green‐emissive counterparts. Here, a method to improve the device efficiency of strontium ion (Sr2+)‐doped pure blue perovskite LEDs, prominently by modifying the hole transport layer, is reported. Mixing a small amount of poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene‐(4‐sec‐butylphenyl)imino)‐1,4‐phenylene) (TFB) into the hole transport layer poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) remarkably improves the morphology and reduces the trap states of Sr2+‐doped perovskite films. As a result, a pure blue LED emitting at 470 nm is obtained and shows a high external quantum efficiency of 2.24% with stable electroluminescence spectra under a forward bias of up to 8 V, representing the best performance reported in the divalent ions‐doped pure blue perovskites so far. The work opens up the way for the development of efficient pure blue perovskite LEDs.
A Fast‐Charging and High‐Temperature All‐Organic Rechargeable Potassium Battery
Authors: Qin Kaiqiang , Holguin Kathryn , Huang Jinghao , Mohammadiroudbari Motahareh , Chen Fu , Yang Zhenzhen , Xu Gui‐Liang , Luo Chao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeveloping fast‐charging, high‐temperature, and sustainable batteries is critical for the large‐scale deployment of energy storage devices in electric vehicles, grid‐scale electrical energy storage, and high temperature regions. Here, a transition metal‐free all‐organic rechargeable potassium battery (RPB) based on abundant and sustainable organic electrode materials (OEMs) and potassium resources for fast‐charging and high‐temperature applications is demonstrated. N‐doped graphene and a 2.8 m potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME) electrolyte are employed to mitigate the dissolution of OEMs, enhance the electrode conductivity, accommodate large volume change, and form stable solid electrolyte interphase in the all‐organic RPB. At room temperature, the RPB delivers a high specific capacity of 188.1 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and superior cycle life of 6000 and 50000 cycles at 1 and 5 A g−1, respectively, demonstrating an ultra‐stable and fast‐charging all‐organic battery. The impressive performance at room temperature is extended to high temperatures, where the high‐mass‐loading (6.5 mg cm−2) all‐organic RPB exhibits high‐rate capability up to 2 A g−1 and a long lifetime of 500 cycles at 70–100 °C, demonstrating a superb fast‐charging and high‐temperature battery. The cell configuration demonstrated in this work shows great promise for practical applications of sustainable batteries at extreme conditions.
Quantification of Interdependent Dynamics during Laser Additive Manufacturing Using X‐Ray Imaging Informed Multi‐Physics and Multiphase Simulation
Authors: Leung Chu Lun Alex , Luczyniec Dawid , Guo Enyu , Marussi Sebastian , Atwood Robert C. , Meisnar Martina , Saunders Ben , Lee Peter D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can produce high‐value metallic components for many industries; however, its adoption for safety‐critical applications is hampered by the presence of imperfections. The interdependency between imperfections and processing parameters remains unclear. Here, the evolution of porosity and humps during LPBF using X‐ray and electron imaging, and a high‐fidelity multiphase process simulation, is quantified. The pore and keyhole formation mechanisms are driven by the mixing of high temperatures and high metal vapor concentrations in the keyhole is revealed. The irregular pores are formed via keyhole collapse, pore coalescence, and then pore entrapment by the solidification front. The mixing of the fast‐moving vapor plume and molten pool induces a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at the melt track surface, forming humps. X‐ray imaging and a high‐fidelity model are used to quantify the pore evolution kinetics, pore size distribution, waviness, surface roughness, and melt volume under single layer conditions. This work provides insights on key criteria that govern the formation of imperfections in LPBF and suggest ways to improve process reliability.
Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with a Low‐Dimensional Halide/Perovskite Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Yao , Li Chunyan , Bi Enbing , Wang Tao , Zhang Peng , Yang Xudong , Chen Han 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe photovoltaic performance of inverted (positive‐intrinsic‐negative) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is predominantly limited by interfacial recombination loss. Here, by constructing a low‐dimensional halide/perovskite heterostructure, non‐radiative recombination pathways at the perovskite/C60 contact are effectively eliminated and a voltage loss of only 370 mV is achieved in inverted PSCs. Through molecular engineering of the organic spacer, a strong electronic coupling is enabled at the heterointerface, which effectively shifts the gap states out of the bandgap and leads to a prolonged carrier lifetime of 4.28 µs. Our strategy enables a power conversion efficiency of 24.09% (certified 23.54%) for inverted PSCs with an open‐circuit voltage of 1204 mV, and an efficiency of 21.89% (certified 21.48%) for centimeter‐scale cells. The devices retain 92% of the initial efficiency after 85 °C thermal aging for over 1400 h, and 95% of the initial efficiency after 1008 h of maximum power point operation under AM1.5G illumination in air.
Electrochemical N‐Centered Radical Addition/Semipinacol Rearrangement Sequence of Alkenyl Cyclobutanols: Synthesis of β‐Amino Cyclic Ketones
Authors: Jang Jihoon , Kim Dae Young 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical N‐centered radical addition/semipinacol rearrangement sequence of alkenyl cyclobutanols with sulfonimides is described. This transformation is an environmentally friendly approach that uses cheap and easily handled sulfonimides as N‐centered radical sources and successfully avoiding the use of stoichiometric amounts of external redox reagents. The β‐amino cyclic ketone derivatives could be synthesized in moderate to high yields from alkenyl cyclobutanol derivatives under mild constant current electrolysis conditions.
Biocultural perspectives on bioarchaeological and paleopathological evidence of past pandemics
Authors: Zuckerman Molly K. , Tribble Anna Grace , Austin Rita M. , DeGaglia Cassandra M. S. , Emery Taylor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesPandemics have profoundly impacted human societies, but until relatively recently were a minor research focus within biological anthropology, especially within biocultural analyses. Here, we explore research in these fields, including molecular anthropology, that employs biocultural approaches, sometimes integrated with intersectionality and ecosocial and syndemic theory, to unpack relationships between social inequality and pandemics. A case study assesses the 1918 influenza pandemic's impacts on the patient population of the Mississippi State Asylum (MSA).Materials and MethodsWe survey bioarchaeological and paleopathological literature on pandemics and analyze respiratory disease mortality relative to sex, age, and social race amongst patient deaths (N = 2258) between 1912 and 1925. Logistic regression models were used to assess relationships between cause of death and odds of death during the pandemic (1918–1919).ResultsFindings include substantial respiratory mortality during the pandemic, including from influenza and influenza syndemic with pneumonia. Older patients (40–59 years, 60+ years) had lower odds (p < 0.01) of dying from respiratory disease than younger patients, as did female patients compared to males (p < 0.05). Age patterns are broadly consistent with national and state trends, while elevated mortality amongst Black and/or African American patients may reflect intersections between gender roles and race‐based structural violence in the Jim Crow South.DiscussionFuture work in biological anthropology on past pandemics may benefit from explicit incorporation of biocultural frameworks, intersectionality, and ecosocial and syndemic theory. Doing so enables holistic analyses of interactions between social context, social inequality and pandemic outcomes, generating data informative for public health responses and pandemic preparedness.
[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Naphthyl 1‐Propargyl Ethers: para‐Propargylation and Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Zhou Yuqiao , Su Zhishan , Zhang Fengcai , Cao Weidi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe para‐Claisen rearrangement of aryl 1‐propargyl ethers involves two‐step [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangements and dearomatization process, which has high activation barriers and is of challenge. Here we discovered thermal para‐Claisen rearrangement of naphthyl 1‐propargyl ethers, and it enabled the formation of formal para‐C−H propargylation products upon rearomatization. Chirality transfer occurred if optically active propargyl ethers were employed, leading to the construction of aryl/propargyl‐containing stereogenic centers. Moreover, catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of naphthyl 1‐propargyl ethers with different substitution at para‐position gave access to benzocyclohexenones bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. The reaction was accelerated by a chiral N,N′‐dioxide/Co(OTf)2 complex catalyst to achieve high yields (up to 98 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 93 % ee). The DFT calculations and experimental results provided important clues to clarify the para‐Claisen rearrangement process as well as the chiral induction and remote delivery.
Palladium/PC‐Phos‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Heck/Tsuji–Trost Reactions of Amino‐Tethered 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Feng Juan , Shi Jiayi , Wei Lan , Liu Mingqing , Li Zhiming , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChiral perhydroindoles are found in a number of natural products and biologically active compounds. Therefore, the development of new asymmetric methodology for rapid access to this core is of high importance. Herein, we reported a highly regio‐ and diastereo‐selective palladium/PC‐Phos‐catalyzed asymmetric Heck/Tsuji–Trost reactions of readily available amino tethered 1,3‐cyclohexadienes with aryl and alkenyl halides, delivering various functionalized chiral hexahydroindoles in good yields with high enantioselectivity. The application of this reaction to the concise synthesis of (−)‐α‐Lycorane was demonstrated. DFT computation results indicate that the difference in ΔEdis of two migration insertion transition states determines the enantioselectivity of the reaction.
Highly Enantioselective Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Heyns Rearrangement
Authors: Cao Jin , Su Yu‐Xuan , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Zhu Shou‐Fei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein we report the first method for highly enantioselective Brønsted acid catalyzed Heyns rearrangements. These reactions, catalyzed by a chiral spiro phosphoric acid, afforded synthetically valuable chiral α‐aryl‐α‐aminoketones which cannot be obtained by means of previously reported Heyns rearrangement methods. This method features low catalyst loadings, high yields and high enantioselectivities, making these reactions highly practical. We used the method to efficiently synthesize various chiral amines, including some biologically active molecules. We experimentally proved that these acid‐catalyzed Heyns rearrangements proceeded via a proton‐transfer process involving an enol intermediate and the stereocontrol was realized during the proton‐transfer step.
Chrysin: A polyedric flavone as a tool to explore new phytotherapeutic applications and drug design
Authors: Falbo Federica , Aiello Francesca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the field of pharmaceutical research, a branch that has become more and more interesting is phytochemistry. Among phytochemicals, flavonoids have been studied a lot over the past 30 years. This review summarizes the chemical characteristics, metabolism, applications, and toxicity of a particular flavonoid, chrysin, recorded in the last 10 years and supported by solid biological assays. Furthermore, this review highlights some derivatives of chrysin investigated to obtain more bioavailable molecules that maintain or improve chrysin's bioactivities, enclosing a chrysin patent section, as well.
Endocannabinoids and related compounds as modulators of angiogenesis: Concepts and clinical significance
Authors: Afshar Shima , Abbasinazari Mohammad , Amin Gholamreza , Farrokhian Amir , Sistanizad Mohammad , Afshar Fariba , Khalili Shayesteh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVasculogenesis (the process of differentiation of angioblasts toward endothelial cells and de novo formation of crude vascular networks) and angiogenesis (the process of harmonized sprouting and dispersal of new capillaries from previously existing ones) are two fundamentally complementary processes, obligatory for maintaining physiological functioning of vascular system. In clinical practice, however, the later one is of more importance as it guarantees correct embryonic nourishment, accelerates wound healing processes, prevents uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis, contributes in supplying nutritional demand following occlusion of coronary vessels and is in direct relation with development of diabetic retinopathy. Hence, discovery of novel molecules capable of modulating angiogenic events are of great clinical importance. Recent studies have demonstrated multiple angio‐regulatory activities for endocannabinoid system modulators and endocannabinoid‐like molecules, as well as their metabolizing enzymes. Hence, in present article, we reviewed the regulatory roles of these molecules on angiogenesis and described molecular mechanisms underlying them.
The effective factors in human‐specific tropism and viral pathogenicity in orthopoxviruses
Authors: Ghabeshi Soad , Ghasemi Sorayya , Mousavizadeh Leila 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe orthopoxvirus (OPV) genus includes several species that infect humans, including variola, monkeypox, vaccinia, and cowpox. Variola and monkeypox are often life‐threatening diseases, while vaccinia and cowpox are usually associated with local lesions. The epidemic potential for OPVs may be lower than respiratory‐borne viruses or RNA viruses. However, OPVs are notable for their spread and distribution in different environments and among different hosts. The emergence or re‐emergence of OPVs in the human population can also occur in wild or domestic animals as intermediate hosts. More effective and safer vaccines for poxvirus can be developed by understanding how immunity is regulated in poxvirus and vaccines for DNA viruses. Downstream events in cells affected by the virus are regulated functionally by a series of characteristics that are affected by host cell interactions and responses of cells against viral infections, including the interferon pathway and apoptosis. Furthermore, infection outcome is greatly influenced by the distinct selection of host‐range and immune‐modulatory genes that confer the potential for pathogenesis and host‐to‐host transmission and the distinct host‐range properties of each immune‐modulatory gene. The present study reviewed the effective factors in human‐restricted tropism and virus pathogenicity in OPVs.
BAC: A block alliance consensus mechanism for the mine consortium blockchain
Authors: Wang Yingsen , Ma Yulan , Qiang Yan , Zhao Juanjuan , Li Yi , Li Keqin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSafety is an important issue in the mining industry and the Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role to enhance the safety of the underground working environment. The IoT is used to transfer data generated by underground sensors to cloud storage for further processing. However, third‐party platforms are often a target for cyber attacks. Serious mining accidents might occur if the data were tampered with. In the overground scenario, the security of trading data is also an important issue. The Mine Consortium Blockchain (MCB) is proposed to solve the above problems. The MCB avoids the risk of centralized storage and enables data security, provenance and transparency by taking advantage of blockchain technology. The MCB platform ensures that only designated participants can process mineral data. Any violation is immutably recorded in the MCB and is easily traced back by other participants. Classical consensus mechanisms as the core technology of the blockchain cannot be directly and appropriately applied to the mining industry. A Block Alliance Consensus (BAC) mechanism, which is suitable for all consortium blockchain scenarios, is proposed to improve the performance of the MCB. In addition, the block structure of the underground sensor data is optimized: the blocks only contain a hash of the sensor data and the data being stored in the cloud. The efficiency of the BAC is demonstrated by simulation experiments where the performance of the BAC consensus mechanism is compared with with the performance of classical consensus mechanisms. The MCB and the BAC consensus mechanism were also implemented on Hyperledger Fabric. Finally the Hyperledger Caliper evaluation tool was used to evaluate the performance of the system.