bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Approach to Histopathological Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis in Sheep with Image Classification and Explainable Artificial Intelligence with Grad-CAM
Authors: Şengöz Nilgün , Yiğit Tuncay , Özmen Özlem , Işık Ali Hakan , Hemanth Jude 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive, and economically important disease. The diagnosis of the disease, especially in the early stage, is difficult. Deep learning is an emerging method in the histopathological diagnosis of images. Deep Learning is the system that can perform automatic feature extraction in training sets containing tagged images and that enables the use of multi-layered neural networks, unlike machine learning. In this article, deep learning methods were used for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sheep’s gut images. Normal intestinal histological images were used as control data. This study revealed that the deep learning method can be used with high accuracy for the histopathological diagnosis of paratuberculosis. According to Deep Learning models, the highest accuracy is proposed model Fastai/VGG-16 which has Classification Accuracy 98,36 not only this one but also the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) is 0,967. According to classification accuracy, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was used to better understand the explainability and safety level of the model. The aim of this study, build a model that was developed to help pathologists diagnose paratuberculosis disease by transferring the diagnostic information of pathologists to deep learning models and also present an explainable model for paratuberculosis, an image-based diagnostic problem in which deep learning processes can be applied effectively.
A Novel Magnetic Compression Technique for Cystostomy in Rabbits
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Mao Jianqi , Li Yixing , Xu Shuqin , Gai Jingci , Lan Ting , Wang Yirui , Ren Yuxiang , Shi Aihua , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Magnetic compression technique (MCT) is a popular new anastomosis method. In this paper, we aimed to explore the feasibility of use of MCT for performing cystotomy in rabbits. The parent magnets and daughter magnets for rabbit cystostomy were designed and manufactured according to the anatomical characteristics of rabbit lower urinary tract. Twelve female New Zealand rabbits were used as animal models. After anesthesia, a daughter magnet was inserted into the bladder through the urethra, and the parent magnet was placed on the body surface projection of the bladder over the abdominal wall. The two magnets automatically attract each other. Postoperatively, the state of magnets was monitored daily, and the time when the magnets fell off was recorded. Cystostomy with MCT was successfully performed in all twelve rabbits. The mean operation time was 4.46 ± 0.75 min. The magnets fell off from the abdominal wall after a mean duration of 10.08 ± 1.62 days, resulting in the formation of bladder fistula. Macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that the fistula was well formed and unobstructed. The junction between bladder and abdominal wall was tight and smooth. We provide preliminary experimental evidence of the safety and feasibility of cystostomy based on MCT.
Accuracy of Image Analysis for Linear Zoometric Measurements in Dromedary Camels
Authors: Gherissi Djalel Eddine , Lamraoui Ramzi , Chacha Faycel , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study consisted in verifying the effectiveness of the image analysis method for body measurement in dromedary camel compared to manual measurements as a reference method. To do this, twenty-one linear body measurements were estimated on 59 adult Sahraoui dromedary camels (22 males and 37 females) with normal clinical condition by the standard method using a measuring stick or vernier caliper. Image analysis on profile, front or behind photographs were processed using Axiovision Software. Overall; mean comparison, relative error, variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and coefficient of variance showed that the image analysis method is accurate in relation to the manual measurement. Furthermore, image analysis results indicated relevant accuracy (bias correction factor, Cb ≈1) and precision (Pearson ρ ≈ 1) which were significantly correlated with the results of the reference method (Lin's concordance correlation coefficients rccc ≈ 1). According to Blant Altman upper and lower limits of agreement, the concordance was estimated between 93.22 and 98.3%. Passing-Bablok regression showed good relationship between results of the two methods displaying no significant systematic and proportional bias. The image analysis method for linear body measurements in dromedary camel yielded results that are in agreement with the manual measuring method. This method is a valid tool for studies on camel conformation traits.
Assessment Of Bone Resorption In ONFH With MR Imaging
Authors: Shi Shan , Sun Li , Yang Xuedong , Tong Haibin , Luo Ping , Xie Limin , Yu Tong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the image characteristics of bone resorption lesion in Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) on MR. 359 cases with ONFH staged as ARCO 2/3 were retrospectively analyzed, and 46 cases were included finally. General information, CT/MR signs of bone resorption, and bone marrow edema were evaluated and compared between two types of T2WI signal group. The sensitivity of MR in detecting bone resorption was 70.6%, and the specificity was 100%. The number, ADC value of bone resorption, BME, and the incidence of bone resorption connected to the subchondral fracture fissure were significantly greater in group 2 than 1. The intensity of bone resorption was significantly lower in group 2 than 1. MR performance good in detection of bone resorption. T2 Type I signal bone resorption lesions should be carefully detected to avoid missed diagnosis. T2 Type II signal bone resorption lesions may indicate destructive repair type.
Fluoroscopy-guided trans-urethral exchange of double-J ureteral stents
Authors: Kwak JungWon , Cho Sung Beom 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: For patients with malignant ureteral obstruction or stricture who require long-term internal drainage, plastic double-J stents represent the mainstay of therapeutic strategies.DJ stents should be replaced at least once every 6 months to avoid infection or obstruction. Although DJ stents are generally replaced under cystoscopy, successful fluoroscopy-guided retrograde replacement of DJ stents in the interventional suite has been described in the literature.Methods: Between April 2004 and May 2020, we exchanged 143 DJ stents in 19 male and 22 female patients under fluoroscopic guidance using Nelaton catheters, snare catheters, and 8F DJ stents. All procedures were performed with patients under sedation and local anesthesia. There were 39 patients with malignant ureteral obstruction and two patients with benign ureteral strictures. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Technical success, clinical success, complications, procedure time, and mean interval between two procedures were retrospectively reviewed, and the factors affecting the success rate of the procedure were analyzed.Results: Obstruction was detected at the abdominal ureter in 4 patients, pelvic ureter in 29 patients, and intravesical ureter in 8 patients. Twenty-six patients underwent two or more sessions of the procedures, whereas 15 patients underwent single-session procedures. Total 34 outpatient-based procedures and 109 inpatient-based procedures were performed. Technical success and clinical success were achieved in 94.4% (135/143) and 93.3% (126/135) procedures, respectively. Mean procedure time was 21.5 minute (range 9–192 min). Mean procedure interval was 101.8 days (range 5–306 days). Technical success was negatively affected by male sex and obstruction at the pelvic ureter and was positively affected by previous successful exchange. Left-sided ureteral stent placement and old age negatively influenced clinical success. Septic shock occurred in one patient and was treated with antibiotics. Conclusion: Fluoroscopy-guided trans-urethral exchange of DJ stents is an effective and less painful procedure.
Association of Lipid Metabolism Related Gene Promoter Methylation with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Yongyi , Huang Ritai , Lian Feng , Xu Genxing , Wang Weijun , Xue Song 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) is a complex disease that influenced by environment and genetic factors. Lipid levels are regarded as major risk factor of CAD and epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in the regulation of CAD development. This study was designed to investigate the association between DNA methylation status of 8 lipid metabolism related genes and risk of CAD in Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 260 samples were used in this study, including 120 CAD cases and 140 normal health controls. DNA methylation status was tested via targeted bisulfite sequencing. Results: The present results indicated a significant association between hypomethylation of APOC3, CETP and APOC1 gene promoter and risk of CAD. Individuals with higher methylation levels in APOA5 and LIPC gene promoter have increased risks for CAD. In addition, a gender based breakdown analysis revealed that ANGPTL4 methylation level was significantly associated with CAD in male, but not in female. There were no significant differences in methylation levels of APOB and PCSK9 gene promoter between CAD patients and controls. Conclusion: Methylation status of APOC3, APOA5, LIPC, CETP and APOC1 gene promoters may be associated with development of CAD.
Impacts of Food Consumption on Biochemical Markers and Anthropometric Variables of Women With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Michalichen Kelly , Weber Vinícius Muller Reis , Queiroga Marcos Roberto , Fernandes Daniel Zanardini , Carreira Clisia Mara , Vieira Edgar Ramos , Venturini Danielle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases characterized by insulin resistance. MetS has a high prevalence among women, and food intake impacts MetS. Also, MetS is related to a high level of inflammation in the individual; however, the impacts of whole diets in biochemical and anthropometrical markers and the effects on MetS need to be elucidated. In this case, the objective of this study was assess the relationship between food intake, biochemical and anthropometrical markers in women with MetS. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which one hundred and twenty-two women participated in the assessment of biochemical (glycated hemoglobin, glycaemia, insulin, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, C-reactive protein) and anthropometrical (body mass, height, waist circumference - WC) variables. The participants also completed blood pressure and the 24-hour dietary recall assessments. Out of the 122 participants, 44 (36%, age: 59±11 years) had MetS and were included in the analysis. Results: The consumption of monounsaturated fats had a direct relationship with glycaemia (b=7.27), whereas the consumption of fibers had an inverse relationship with body mass (b=-0.71) and WC (b=-0.56). Conclusion: The intake of monounsaturated fats and fiber was related to higher blood sugar levels and lower body mass and WC, respectively. These relationships elucidate and highlight the significance and importance of adequate diet in women with MetS.
Effectiveness of Active Learning Strategy on Learning of Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Khatoon Fareha , Sinha Parul , Ahmad Ayesha , Singh Amrita , Saxena Shoadashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: With the vast heterogeneity of teaching methods, there remains a dilemma on what works best for teaching medical students. Keeping this in mind, we have conducted a qualitative study on flipped classroom technique-an active learning method. Active teaching learning strategies are learner oriented, helps students in application, analysis, evaluation and synthesis of knowledge.Methods: This study was conducted at a Tertiary care hospital in North India over a period of 2 months, amongst 2nd year undergraduate medical students attending classes in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In a weekly class for 25 students, 6-7 were randomly selected for active learning sessions. Every week a different set of students were taken. 50 students from a class of 150 were enrolled for the sessions.The initial 60 minutes was given to read the assigned topics, in the next 60 minutes relevant discussion on clinical aspects and application was done and a feedback form was filled by the students. It consisted of questions on usefulness of the session, content and overall performance based on four level rubric grading system. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed on the basis of frequency distribution.Results: 29(58%) students found the method excellent, 18(36%) were also receptive towards it (scoring it 7 to 8 in terms of usefulness). None of the students found this method to be bad for learning and retaining. 32(64%) students found it excellent in terms content and teaching, 15(30%) students found it good with respect to content and 14(28%) with respect to teaching. Few students (6% and 8%) found it average in both aspects. Overall performances indicate that 68% students scored it as excellent; 24% as good and 8% as average. At the end of the session, 72% students felt an increase in confidence levels; 20% were unsure whether they had benefitted and 8% did not find any increase in confidence levels. Majority of students (76%) found these classes more interactive and easy to comprehend.Conclusions: Active teaching learning based on Flipped classroom pattern finds good satisfaction amongst students.
Factors influencing success of MSME's entrepreneurs: A study at Bangalore city
Authors: C YADUNANDAN M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to look into the critical success factors (CSFs) of micro, small and medium enterprise (MSMEs) in Bangalore. A questionnaire was created using several factors/indicators identified in earlier studies and data was collected from 230 MSMEs entrepreneurs. Individual factors, business characteristics, management factors, business support, capital availability, and the business environment were grouped into six categories by exploratory factor analysis. Researchers used CFA to ensure the accuracy of their measurements, and then a SEM model was created to examine the influence of various variables on an entrepreneur's chances of success. The most important predictor of entrepreneur success was found to be the presence of a business support factor. Results of this study add to the body of knowledge and discuss managerial implications that are useful for current and new business owners and entrepreneurs.
Bi-columnar locking plate fixation through a combined medial and lateral approach for the treatment of low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly
Authors: Park Sam-Guk , Seok Hyun-Gyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLow transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus are relatively uncommon elbow injuries. These fractures tend to occur in elderly patients after low-energy injuries. Due to the complexity of distal humeral geometry and the often small and osteoporotic distal fragments, stable internal fixation may be extremely difficult to achieve. The purpose of this study was to present the outcomes of bi-columnar internal fixation through a combined medial and lateral approach, for the treatment of LTF of the distal humerus in the elderly.MethodsA total of 46 patients diagnosed with distal humeral fractures between 2017 May and 2020 April were prospectively enrolled in this study. Thirty patients were excluded and 16 patients who underwent medial and lateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation were selected. Clinical outcome was assessed based on the VAS, MEPS, DASH, and ROM of the elbow joint. Standardized radiographs were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up visit to evaluate for bony union and to check complications.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 23.6 months (range, 12–42 months). The mean age was 81 years (range, 65–91 years). Bony union was achieved in 15 out of 16 patients. The mean VAS score was 2.1 (range, 0–6), the mean MEPS was 84.4 (range, 70–100), and the mean DASH score was 20.6 (range, 9.5–33.6). There were three complications including reduction loss, skin necrosis, and stiffness of the elbow.ConclusionLTFs of the distal humerus in the elderly can yield satisfactory results with bi-columnar internal fixation through a combined medial and lateral approach.Level of evidenceLevel IV, case series.
Anti-GD2 antibody for radiopharmaceutical imaging of osteosarcoma
Authors: FU YINGLI , Yu Jing , Liatsou Ioanna , Du Yong , Josefsson Anders , Nedrow Jessie R. , Rindt Hans , Bryan Jeffrey , Kraitchman Dara L. , Sgouros George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequently diagnosed bone cancer in children with little improvement in overall survival in the past decades. The high surface expression of disialoganglioside GD2 on OS tumors and restricted expression in normal tissues makes it an ideal target for anti-OS radiopharmaceuticals. Since human and canine OS share many biological and molecular features, spontaneously occurring OS in canines has been an ideal model for testing new imaging and treatment modalities for human translation. In this study, we evaluated a humanized anti-GD2 antibody, hu3F8, as a potential delivery vector for targeted radiopharmaceutical imaging of human and canine OS. Methods: The cross reactivity of hu3F8 with human and canine OS cells and tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The hu3F8 was radiolabeled with Indium-111 and the biodistribution of [111In]In-hu3F8 was assessed in tumor xenograft-bearing mice. The targeting ability of [111In]In-hu3F8 to metastatic OS was tested in spontaneous OS canines. Results: The hu3F8 cross reacts with human and canine OS cells and canine OS tumors with high binding affinity. Biodistribution studies revealed selective uptake of [111In]In-hu3F8 in tumor tissue. SPECT/CT imaging of spontaneous OS canines demonstrated avid uptake of [111In]In-hu3F8 in all metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the extensive binding of radiolabeled hu3F8 within both osseous and soft lesions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting GD2 on OS cells and spontaneous OS canine tumors using hu3F8-based radiopharmaceutical imaging. Its ability to deliver an imaging payload in a targeted manner suggests that labeling hu3F8 with a therapeutic radionuclide may yield a potent radiopharmaceutical agent against OS.
ADIRF Suppresses Tumor Progression And Involves Keratinocyte Differentiation In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Meng , Fan Xiaotong , Zhu Shaohua , Zhao Xin , Guo Quan , Wang Lulu , fang Na , Han Ying , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and Aim: Adipogenesis regulatory factor (ADIRF) regulates fat cell development and promotes adipogenic differentiation, but the role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknow. We aimed to interpret the regulatory effects of ADIRF in the progression and differentiation of ESCC.Methods: The expression ADIRF was evaluated in the RNA-seq dataset and the immunohistochemically examined in the ESCC tissues. The associations with the clinical features were studied in an ESCC cohort. The effect on ESCC cells growth and migration were assessed. The core functions of ADIRF were analyzed according to the co-expressed genes. Results: The expression of ADIRF was decreased in cancerous mucosa and significantly downregulated in the advanced ESCCs. The immunostainings of ADIRF were reversely correlated with the progressing of AJCC stage (r=-0.41) and tumor stage (r=-0.56) in the carcinomas. The high expression of ADIRF was capable to indicated the patients without deep invasion (AUC=0.805, P<0.001). In multiple ESCC cells, ADIRF overexpression obviously suppressed the cell proliferation, migration and division. According to assessing the core functions of co-expressed genes, the ADIRF was putatively associated with the keratinocyte differentiation. Among the keratinocyte differentiation associated genes, SPRR1A, SPRR1B, PKP3, SPRR2D, and FLG were detected to independently correlate with the ESCC prognosis. Thereinto, SPRR1A was with the minimum hazard ratio (HR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.02-0.62) and significantly downregulated in the advanced ESCCs. Conclusions: ADIRF might suppress the tumor progression and be speculated to regulate esophageal keratinocyte differentiation during the development of ESCC.
EPR Dosimetry Of Synthesized Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite: Effect Of Making Procedure
Authors: Hajiloo Nahid , Ziaie Farhood 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The EPR response of hydroxyapatite (HAP) samples was studied from a dosimetric standpoint in this paper. The HAP samples were prepared from several ways for this aim. Under the 60Co-source radiation, the synthesized samples were irradiated at various absorbed doses ranging from 0.1 to 45 kGy. HAP samples' EPR response in air was tested at room temperature. The peak-to-peak signal amplitude was then obtained from the difference in EPR signal intensities. The findings show the role of making procedure and subsequently particle size, carbon impurity and morphology in EPR response.
Design of a Two-Component Force Measurement System and Its Application in a Wind Tunnel
Authors: Caliskan Mehmet E , Sabirli Muhammet U , Karagoz Irfan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Measuring the force components on an object simultaneously is one of the problems encountered in engineering. The design of a measurement system that can simultaneously measure such forces, as well as its working principles, production stages and application of this system in a wind tunnel are presented. The system consists of an arm to which the model is attached, a five-bar mechanism, and load cells that measure horizontal and vertical forces. The signals obtained from the load cells are amplified and transferred to a computer. Manufacture of the parts, assembly and calibration of the system are explained. An application of the measurement system was carried out in a wind tunnel and the results are presented.
TRIM24 controls induction of latent HIV-1 by stimulating transcriptional elongation
Authors: Horvath Riley , Dahabieh Matthew , Malcolm Tom , Sadowski Ivan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Expression of HIV-1 in response to T cell signaling requires TFII-I bound to conserved sites flanking the LTR enhancer. Here we demonstrate that TFII-I recruits tripartite motif protein TRIM24 to the HIV-1 LTR by direct interaction. Constitutive interaction of TRIM24 with the LTR was dependent upon TFII-I, and knockout of TRIM24 impaired reactivation of HIV-1 expression in response to T cell signaling. Loss of TRIM24 did not affect recruitment of RNA Pol II to the LTR promoter, but inhibited transcriptional elongation, an effect associated with decreased RNA Pol II CTD S2 phosphorylation and impaired recruitment of CDK9. Furthermore, TRIM24 deficiency resulted in altered T cell immune response, an effect that is facilitated by TFII-I. These results demonstrate a novel role of TRIM24 for regulation of transcriptional elongation from the HIV-1 promoter, through its interaction with TFII-I, and by recruitment of P-TEFb. Furthermore, these factors co-regulate a significant proportion of genes involved in T cell immune response, consistent with tight coupling of HIV-1 transcriptional activation and T cell signaling.