bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does economic growth target stimulate carbon emissions? Evidence from China
Authors: Fan Tianzheng , Zhao Bin , Zhang Jinning 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Carbon emissions have become a new threat to sustainable development in China, and local government actions can play an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper explores the theoretical mechanisms and transmission paths of economic growth targets affecting carbon emissions from the perspective of economic growth targets, and conducts an empirical analysis based on 30 provincial panel data in China from 2003 to 2019. The results show that: economic growth targets are positively correlated with carbon emissions under a series of endogeneity and robustness; there are regional heterogeneity, target heterogeneity and structural heterogeneity in the impact of economic growth targets on carbon emissions; after economic growth targets are set, government actions can influence carbon emissions by affecting resource mismatch and industrial restructuring; It is further found that there is a "U" shaped relationship between economic pressure and carbon emissions. Based on the above findings, this paper further proposes that a high-quality performance assessment mechanism should be developed to bring into play the active role of local governments in achieving carbon reduction goals, and thus contribute to high-quality economic development.
Prediction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons toxicity using Online CHEmical database and Modeling environment
Authors: Suresh Jijitha , Johnson Jermin John , Arulanandam Charli Deepak 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this computational study was to determine the aquatic toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In PAHs two or more aromatic rings are fused in linear, angular, or clustered patterns. The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis is the most often utilised ciliate for laboratory study among the numerous animal models. From this computational risk assessment only two compounds shows low log(IGC50)−1 value, such as 1H-Indole and Phenazone log(IGC50)−1 value predicted as 0.1 to 0.11 -log(mmol/L) ± 1.07 against the Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Construction and Validation of a Tumor Microenvironment-Based Scoring System to Evaluate Prognosis and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Huang Pinzheng , Xu Linfeng , Li Lixi , Ke Yizhong , Zhang Min , Zhang Kairui , Lu Kongyao , Jin Mingming , Huang Gang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is among the most dangerous malignant tumors to human health. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for about 40% of all lung cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial regulator of carcinogenesis and therapeutic efficacy in LUAD. However, the impact of tumor microenvironment-related signatures (TMERSs) representing the TME characteristics on the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of LUAD patients remains to be further explored.Materials and methods: Gene expression files and clinical information of 1630 LUAD samples and 275 samples with immunotherapy information from different databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Research Institute (CRI) iAtlas were downloaded and applied. 300 tumor microenvironment-related signatures (TMERS) based on a comprehensive collection of marker genes were quantified by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and then 8 significant signatures were selected to construct the tumor microenvironment-related signature score (TMERSscore) by performing The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-Cox analysis. Results: In this study, we constructed a TME-based prognostic stratification model for patients with LUAD and validated it in several external datasets. Furthermore, TMERSscore was found to be positively correlated with tumor malignancy and a high TMERSscore predicted a poor prognosis. Moreover, the TMERSscore of responders treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapies was significantly lower than that of non-responders, and the TMERSscore was positively correlated with the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, implying that a low TMERSscore predicts a better response to ICI treatment and may provide independent and incremental predictive value over current biomarkers.Conclusions: Overall, we constructed a TMERSscore that can be used for LUAD patient prognosis stratification as well as ICI therapeutic efficacy evaluation, supportive results from independent external validation sets have shown its robustness and effectiveness.
Establishment of Public Health Management Cadre in India and guidelines for implementation - 2022
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 (Para 11.8) proposed that a multi/interdisciplinary health workforce is necessary for managing programs under National Health Mission. National Health Policy 2017 considered creating Public Health Management Cadre (PHMC) in all States. In the 13th CONFERENCE of CENTRAL COUNCIL OF'HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE (CCHFW), 2019 under the chairpersonship of Hon’ble central Health Minister of India the decision evolved to establish PHMC in all States by year 2022. The key objective of establishment of PHMC is best utilization of expertise and talent for ensuring health for all. To segregate clinical and public health functions among cadres with flexibilities as per requirement of the state. Four types of structures and frameworks are only suggestive, and the states have flexibility to modify the structures according to the local situation and context. Medical and Health professionals would form a major part, but professionals from diverse backgrounds like sociology, economics, anthropology, hospital management, communications, etc., who have undergone public health management training would also be considered. States could decide to locate public health managers (medical/non-medical) into same or different cadre streams belonging to Directorates of Health. In states like Bihar where there is lack of Directorates of Health the situation is very worse indicated by NITI Aayog Health Index reports. In such states the researcher found that untrained persons are posted on key public health management posts while the public health trained doctors are not posted for public health management. The specialists are not involved in PHM and it may be due to the fact that there is shortage of specialist at country and state levels. The public health cadre is a misnomer if they will also work for clinical treatments and the key goal of PHMC will be affected particularly in states like Bihar. This is the first ever decision at national level for establishing PHMC and the details of pay structure, transparency etc. are not available and although the objectives are quite clear; the PHMC cadre may be affected in states like Bihar where it seems that lack of Directorate and unscrupulous management have grabbed the health system.
Identification of Distinct Clinical Phenotypes of Cardiogenic Shock Using Machine Learning Consensus Clustering Approach
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Yufeng , Yao Renqi , Chen Kai , Xu Qiumeng , Huang Renhong , Mao Zhiguo , Yu Yue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous condition with multiple underlying causes and associated outcomes. Discriminating between different patterns of CS is still challenging. We tested the hypothesis that the machine learning (ML) consensus clustering method would identify CS phenotypes with unique clinical profiles and outcomes.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with CS on admission from the electronic ICU (eICU) Collaborative Research Database were included in the current study. We performed an unsupervised ML consensus clustering analysis based on 59 demographic and clinical variables among 21,925 patients with CS. The optimal number of clusters was determined by examining the consensus matrix (CM) heat map, cumulative distribution function (CDF), cluster-consensus plots, and the proportion of ambiguously clustered pairs (PAC) analysis. We calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) of each variable and used the cutoff of ± 0.3 to identify each cluster’s key features. We assessed the association of the phenotypes with multiple clinical endpoints using logistic regression (LR) analysis.
Results
The consensus cluster analysis identified two clusters (Cluster 1: n = 9,848; Cluster 2: n = 12,077). The key features of patients in Cluster 1, compared with Cluster 2, included: lower blood pressure, lower eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), higher BUN (blood urea nitrogen), higher creatinine, lower albumin, higher potassium, lower bicarbonate, lower red blood cell (RBC), higher red blood cell distribution width (RDW), higher SOFA scores, higher APS III scores, and higher APACHE IV scores at admission. The results of LR analysis showed that the cluster 2 was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.374; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.347–0.402; P < 0.001), ICU mortality (OR: 0.349; 95% CI: 0.318–0.382; P < 0.001), and AKI incidence after admission (OR: 0.478; 95% CI: 0.452–0.505; P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Machine learning consensus clustering analysis synthesized the pattern of clinical and laboratory data to reveal distinct CS phenotypes with different clinical outcomes.
Is mRankin scale correlated with modified-treatment-in-cerebral-infarction? A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression on randomized controlled trial and registries.
Authors: De Rubeis Gianluca , Pampana Enrico , Prosperini Luca , Pezzella Francesca Romana , Fabiano Sebastiano , Bertaccini Luca , Anticoli Sabrina , Saba Luca , Gasperini Claudio , Cotroneo Enrico 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe purpose was to evaluate the numeric correlation between modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI)≥2b/3 and modified Rankin Scale (mRS)≤2 in RCT and registries.Material and MethodsLiterature research was performed on Pubmed/OVID for studies in 2015-2021, mTICI, mRS and sample-size were recorded. Exclusion criteria were monocentric study, not-human and not-English. Studies qualities were assessed with MINORS/RoB2. Meta-analysis with random effect model was performed. Meta-logistic and meta-linear regressions were used to correlate mTICI and mRS in both RCTs and registries. Z-test was used for comparing coefficients between RCTs/registries.Results We evaluated thirty-four studies (17 registries; 17 RCTs) for 29540 patients (27031 from registries (median registry 1192.0 [CI95% 698.7-1992.8]; 2509 from RCTs [median RCT 165.0 [CI95% 98.1-234.0]). 10/17(58.8%) registries considered also vertebrobasilar system strokes. Overall mRs≤2 was 46.0 (CI95% 43.8-48.3) with I2=92.6%.The odd-ratio of obtaining a mRS≤2 for a singular increased of mTICI≥2b rate was: 1.49(CI95% 1.22-2.01) for all studies (for 1% increase of mTICI≥2b the odds for obtaining mRS≤2 was 1.49), 1.50(CI95% 1.00-2.23) for RCTs and 1.50(CI95% 1.10-2.23) for registries. mTICI≥2b and mRS had a positive correlation with coefficient of 0.49(CI95% 0.22-0.75, p=0.001) for all studies (for 1% increase of mTICI≥2b the mRS≤2 rate augment by 0.49%), 0.51(CI95% 0.10-0.91) for RCTs and 0.46(CI 95% 0.09-0.84) for registries.No differences were found in coefficients between RCTs/registries (p=0.50; p=0.57; respectively).ConclusionsUnitary increased of mTICI≥2b rate correspond to an augment of mRS≤2 by 0.49(CI95% 0.22-0.75) with odd-ratio of obtaining mRS≤2 of 1.49(CI95% 1.22-2.01), without significantly differences in coefficients.
Traditional Farmlands for Tree Species Conservation in Benin (West Africa).
Authors: Alexis Akakpo Bokon , Antoine Padonou Elie , Belarmain Fandohan Adandé , Achille Assogbadjo Ephrem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increase in human population and activities are having significant impacts on the conservation of biodiversity. As traditional farmlands have challenges of coupling crop production and conservation of biodiversity, this study aims at assessing traditional farmlands in regard to their typology and impacts on conservation of tree species. A line transect of 26 km was applied for the identification of the farmlands and tree species were inventoried within each farm. A cluster analysis was performed; tree species diversity indices and dendrometric parameters were computed and analysed according to each of farmland groups. Five groups of traditional farmlands were found with the small areas with high number of crop species and tree species with dominated cover and the large areas with small number of crop species and tree species with high crown cover and a high number of tree species. The trees species diversity was high within the largest size farmlands. The tree density (p = 0.249), total height of trees (p = 0.585) and tree crown area (p = 0.813) were not significantly different among farmland groups. The stem diameter varied significantly among farmland groups and the large size farmland groups have high diameter values. The distributions of the diameter of trees for all the farmland groups showed the shapes that were characterized by the tree populations with higher amount of small size stands for all farmland groups. Large farmlands may be promoted to target tree species conservation in agricultural areas in the localities of Ouémé catchment.
Fungal Endophytes: A Storehouse of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Maity Arindam , Shah Suraj Kumar , Dey Yadu Nandan , Madhavan Yasasve 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Fungal endophytes are the microbial adaptations that usually enter the plant tissues during their life cycle without harming the host plants. They are found everywhere on earth and generally depend on the hosts by developing various symbiotic relationships, like mutualism, hostility, and parasitism on rare occasions, leading to the growth and rise in the nutrient content of the hosts. Endophytes can develop tolerance in host organisms against the stresses induced by either living or non-living agents. They may protect them from insects or pests by building resistance. Interestingly, endophytes can synthesize many phytohormones, natural medicinal compounds and several essential enzymes beneficial for biotechnological perspectives that can be obtained by culturing plant tissue in a suitable medium. These endophytes are a reservoir of many new active phytoconstituents, like alkaloids, phenolics, steroids, quinones, tannins, saponins, etc., which exhibit anticancer, antiinsecticidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and many more properties. Exploring the new bioactive chemical entities from the endophytes may supply potent lead compounds for drug discovery to combat numerous disease conditions. Hence, the present review was carried out to explore the significance of the fungal endophytes and their medicinal, food, and cosmetic use.
Medicinal Attributes of Heterocyclic Compounds in Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Recent Developments and SAR Studies
Authors: Singh Vikram J. , Sharma Bharti , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that can attack anyone at any age, but it is most common in those between the ages of 30 and 50. It can impact joints or cause joint stiffness, as well as affect the eyes, skin, and lungs. In the absence of a clear mechanism underlying the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis in humans, scientists have successfully identified and marked some of the most commonly involved biological targets, such as enzymes or receptors, including human carbonic anhydrase, Janus kinase, Bruton kinase, protein kinase, etc. It is plausible to antici-pate that any of the above-mentioned targets will provide a respite in the search for effective rheu-matoid arthritis treatments. This article attempted to compile recent advances in this field over the last six years (2016-2021) and successfully documented the positive outcomes of each significant research project. Without prejudice to any remaining research on this topic, the current compilation should serve as a starting point for future research works in this field. The structure-activity rela-tionships, mechanistic research, and molecular modelling of each class covered, as well as any clin-ical trial developments, have all been given special attention. This review discusses the design and development of numerous inhibitors for diverse targets, such as BTK, JAKs, MAPK-PDE4, SYK, NSAIDs-CAIs, PKC, and others.
Eating Disorders in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective
Authors: Marucci Simonetta , Almerighi Guido , Cerutti Nadia , Corbo Filomena , Zupo Roberta , De Iaco Giulia , Lisco Giuseppe , Triggiani Vincenzo , De Pergola Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, current epidemiological conditions
may exacerbate the risk of new-onset, recurrence and relapse of eating disorders. This perspective
aims to better analyse the phenomenon.

Results:
Some data suggest that new-onset and recurrence/relapse of eating disorders are increasing
due to the pandemic. Government restrictions, self-confinement, social isolation, restriction
to healthcare facilities access, delayed access to diagnosis and cure, fear of contagion, distress
and difficulties related to the telemedicine approach contribute to this burden. The Immune system
dysfunction usually observed in undernourishment (e.g., anorexia nervosa) could delay the
diagnosis of respiratory infections, including COVID-19, and predispose to possible bacterial
superinfections. Conversely, patients with binge eating, obesity or metabolic syndrome are susceptible
to high-grade systemic inflammation and poor prognosis once the infection has occurred.

Discussion:
More detailed data combining research on eating disorders and COVID-19 are required
despite some evidence. Many data show that telemedicine has beneficial aspects, but its
impact on long-term mental health is still poorly understood. Short- and long-term consequences
of COVID-19 in patients with eating disorders are unknown, but they will likely become more
apparent over time.

Conclusion:
Working on emotion regulating strategies in a post-pandemic world, when people
have inadequate control over the background of negative emotions, could be a future treatment
strategy. Long-term studies with a larger sample size are essential to assess the long-term consequences
of the blockade on patients and their healthcare providers and identify useful strategies
to improve clinical management.
Exploring Dental Students’ Perceptions of Mental Illness to Address Unmet Needs: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zechner Michelle , Singhal Vaishali , Murphy Ann , Karyczak Sean 
Published: April 2022

Background:
There is little information about dental students’ perceptions about providing care to people with serious mental illnesses (SMI), despite the significant oral health challenges of this population. Objective: This brief report aims to explore gaps in dental students’ knowledge and skills for providing oral health care to people with SMI, along with their attitudes about working with this underserved population.

Methods:
Post-graduate dental students in the United States at a large northeastern university were asked to provide feedback and responses to 5 open-ended questions prior to an educational module about working with people with SMI, and 22 anonymous responses were received. Qualitative content analysis was used to code responses using independent coding and consensus meetings.

Results:
Dental students expressed concerns about working with this population and felt unprepared to provide services to them. Seven themes were identified and coded into three primary categories: Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes. Codes representing dental student knowledge gaps included mental health literacy and professional role clarification. Skill deficits were coded as an adaptation of dental care practices, communication skills, crisis management, and management of care. Attitudes were coded as beliefs about people with SMI.

Conclusion:
Additional attention to mental illness in dental education could assist future professionals in their skills and knowledge to address the extensive unmet oral health needs of people with SMI.
Dental Arch Changes with Two Different Trans-Palatal Arch
Authors: Nucci Ludovica , Rotolo Rossana Patricia , Pellegrino Teresa , Menichelli Martina , Perillo Letizia , Apuzzo Fabrizia , Grassia Vincenzo 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a dentofacial orthopedic treatment often used to treat patients with narrow palate and transverse maxillary growth deficiency.

Introduction:
This treatment leads to correction of posterior dental crossbites, coordination of the upper and lower arches and gaining arch perimeter in patients with tooth size/arch size discrepancies. To stabilize the results obtained with RME and to limit or avoid the relapse, the use of Transpalatal Arch (TPA) would be recommended.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate short-term maxillary changes in patients treated with RME followed by TPA with and without palatal arms.

Materials and Methods:
30 patients, 16 females and 14 males (mean age of 9.7 yrs ranging between 9 and 12), were treated by expansion with palatal Hyrax-type expander. After this period, it was removed and one of the two different types of TPA was used.
The two different TPA were a 0.036-inch stainless steel wire with a loop directed mesially in the middle, one maintained the original design (TPA), the second one presented arms extended to canines (TPAa). Dental casts were collected for each patient for each treatment step; before (T0), after expansion (T1) and after TPA or TPAa (T2). To assess differences in dental arches after the two treatment phases, three-dimensional (3D) dental casts were used to make more predictable measurements compared with caliper measurements that presented intra-examiner and inter-examiner measurements errors.

Results:
In TPAa group, differences between the value at the end of the retention period and at the end of expansion showed no statistical significance. Instead in TPA group, the same measurements suggested a reduction of value in almost all dental transverse diameters. Statistically significant differences in dental measurements were found between TPAa and TPA.

Conclusion:
Results confirm the hypothesis that TPAa can allow to better maintain dental transverse dimensions.