bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Bedeutung schulischer Gesundheitsförderung für die Erhöhung gesundheitlicher Chancengleichheit
Authors: Moor Irene , Bieber Janis , Niederschuh Liska , Winter Kristina 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungSozioökonomisch bedingte Ungleichheiten in der Gesundheit sind ein wichtiges Public-Health-Handlungsfeld und deren Reduzierung eines ihrer wichtigsten Ziele. Bislang ist es jedoch kaum gelungen, gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten zu verringern, was zugleich auch auf ein großes Forschungsdefizit hinweist. Auch im Kindes- und Jugendalter lassen sich bereits Ungleichheiten in der Gesundheit und dem Gesundheitsverhalten feststellen, wobei jene mit einem niedrigen sozioökonomischen Status verglichen mit sozial privilegierteren Gleichaltrigen oftmals mehr Risikofaktoren und gleichzeitig weniger Ressourcen aufweisen. Obwohl Gesundheitsförderung auf gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit abzielt, berücksichtigen Interventionen nur selten den sozioökonomischen Status und können entsprechend wenig Evidenz über sozioökonomisch differenzierte Interventionseffekte liefern. Wie kann es daher gelingen, allen Heranwachsenden die gleichen Chancen auf ein gesundes Aufwachsen zu ermöglichen?Um der Beantwortung dieser Frage näherzukommen, ist es zum einen das Ziel des Beitrags, einen Überblick über gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten im Kindes- und Jugendalter zu geben und die Rolle von Gesundheitsförderung sowie aktuelle Forschungsdefizite in diesem Zusammenhang aufzuzeigen. Zum anderen soll die Bedeutung der Schule und schulischer Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen bei der Verringerung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten und der Erhöhung gesundheitlicher Chancengleichheit herausgestellt werden. Die Schule ist nicht nur ein Ort, an dem Heranwachsende unabhängig von ihrer sozialen Herkunft stets erreicht werden können, sondern hat das Potenzial, gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten sowohl zu verschärfen als auch zu reduzieren.
Geophysical reconnaissance of the western basin of the Plaine du Nord aquifer, Haiti
Authors: Miner Wm. Javan , Adamson James K. , Hasbrouck James C. , Monforte Sergio Perez , Vera María Rodriguez 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA geophysical reconnaissance was conducted to support aquifer characterization and evaluate groundwater potential in the western portion of the Plaine du Nord aquifer to provision the growing water demands of the city of Cap-Haitien in the Republic of Haiti. Hybrid-source audio-magnetotelluric (HSAMT) soundings and gravity measurements were collected to support the Government of Haiti in sourcing additional water supplies for the city. The Plaine du Nord aquifer is poorly characterized considering it is one of Haiti’s largest aquifers, few drilling logs are available, and only one borehole has investigated the deeper extents of the aquifer. HSAMT supports depth profiling of subsurface resistivity, which supports interpretations of geological strata and groundwater conditions. Gravity measurements allow for complementary mapping of Earth density anomalies and contrasts, which assist in interpreting aquifer thicknesses or depth to bedrock. Pairing HSAMT and gravity methods permitted both an estimation of aquifer thickness and relative changes in sediment characteristics. Gravity results allowed for the mapping of aquifer thickness across the study area, with interpreted thickness greater than 300 m in the coastal zone. HSAMT results cross correlated with available well records and enabled the delineation of zones with increased groundwater potential. The results of the combined methods indicate groundwater storage potential of freshwater in deeper alluvium and emphasize the importance of strengthening resource characterization, modelling and monitoring to guide sustainable resource development and management.
Characterizing geometric distortions of 3D sequences in clinical head MRI
Authors: Nousiainen Katri , Mäkelä Teemu , Peltonen Juha I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
Phantoms are often used to estimate the geometric accuracy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the distortions may differ between anatomical and phantom images. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of a phantom-based and a test-subject-based method in evaluating geometric distortion present in clinical head-imaging sequences.

Materials and methods
We imaged a 3D-printed phantom and test subjects with two MRI scanners using two clinical head-imaging 3D sequences with varying patient-table positions and receiver bandwidths. The geometric distortions were evaluated through nonrigid registrations: the displaced acquisitions were compared against the ideal isocenter positioning, and the varied bandwidth volumes against the volume with the highest bandwidth. The phantom acquisitions were also registered to a computed tomography scan.

Results
Geometric distortion magnitudes increased with larger table displacements and were in good agreement between the phantom and test-subject acquisitions. The effect of increased distortions with decreasing receiver bandwidth was more prominent for test-subject acquisitions.

Conclusion
Presented results emphasize the sensitivity of the geometric accuracy to positioning and imaging parameters. Phantom limitations may become an issue with some sequence types, encouraging the use of anatomical images for evaluating the geometric accuracy.
The dual role of humanoid robots in education: As didactic tools and social actors
Authors: Ekström Sara , Pareto Lena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe idea of using social robots for teaching and learning has become increasingly prevalent and robots are assigned various roles in different educational settings. However, there are still few authentic studies conducted over time. Our study explores teachers' perceptions of a learning activity in which a child plays a digital mathematics game together with a humanoid robot. The activity is based on the idea of learning-by-teaching where the robot is designed to act as a tutee while the child is assigned the role of a tutor. The question is how teachers perceive and talk about the robot in this collaborative child-robot learning activity? The study is based on data produced during a 2-years long co-design process involving teachers and students. Initially, the teachers reflected on the general concept of the learning activity, later in the process they participated in authentic game-play sessions in a classroom. All teachers' statements were transcribed and thematically coded, then categorized into two different perspectives on the robot: as a social actor or didactic tool. Activity theory was used as an analytical lens to analyze these different views. Findings show that the teachers discussed the activity’s purpose, relation to curriculum, child-robot collaboration, and social norms. The study shows that teachers had, and frequently switched between, both robot-perspectives during all topics, and their perception changed during the process. The dual perspectives contribute to the understanding of social robots for teaching and learning, and to future development of educational robot design.
Viscosity and Interfacial Tension of Ternary Mixtures Consisting of Linear Alkanes, Alcohols, and/or Dissolved Gases Using Surface Light Scattering and Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Lenahan Frances D. , Zhai Ziwen , Kankanamge Chathura J. , Klein Tobias , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTernary mixtures consisting of liquids and dissolved gases with either two solvents or solutes are characterized by determining their liquid dynamic viscosity ηL and interfacial tension σ using surface light scattering (SLS) and equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations in the temperature range between (298 and 573) K and for mole fractions of the dissolved gas up to 0.20. The four ternary mixtures of interest are n-hexadecane + n-octacosane + carbon dioxide (CO2), n-hexadecane + nitrogen (N2) + CO2, as well as 1-hexadecanol + n-octacosane with CO2 or water (H2O). With SLS, ηL and σ of the two ternary mixtures containing n-hexadecane are accessed with average relative expanded experimental uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2) of ur(ηL) = 0.021 and ur(σ) = 0.019. EMD simulations are performed for all four ternary mixtures and give access to ηL and σ with average relative expanded statistical uncertainties (k = 2) of ur(ηL) = 0.15 and ur(σ) = 0.061. The influence of the dissolved gases is investigated by comparing the thermophysical properties of the ternary mixtures to those of the pure solvent or the binary subsystems. The results for the ternary mixture consisting of n-hexadecane, n-octacosane, and CO2, which include a variation of the composition of the binary subsystem, i.e. the solvent mixture, have shown the reduction of both properties, due to dissolving CO2, to be independent of the solvent composition. For the ternary mixture consisting of n-hexadecane, N2, and CO2, the reduction in both properties can be estimated by adding up the reduction determined for the binary subsystems, i.e. n-hexadecane with dissolved N2 or CO2, which suggest that the presence of a further solute does not influence the impact of a dissolved gas.
Microalga Isochrysis galbana biorefinery: Obtaining fucoxanthin and biogas after supercritical fluid extraction
Authors: Ruiz-Domínguez Mari Carmen , Rincón Bárbara , de los Ángeles Martín Maria , del Carmen Gutiérrez María , Salinas Francisca , Medina Elena , Cerezal Pedro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Isochrysis galbana is a microalga that is a potential source of several ‘compounds of interest’ for food and nutraceutical industries. The procurement of these compounds of interest and the generation of bioenergy is a novel and interesting application of microalgae. The present study evaluated the valorization of the microalga I. galbana through the extraction of the carotenoid fucoxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acids using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The spent or extracted microalga I. galbana was valorized through anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas through the integration of the concepts of biorefinery and the circular economy. The biochemical composition of the extracted microalga exhibited a marked decrease in the carbohydrates by approximately ninefold after the SFE, while the proteins and lipids were decreased only to nearly half of their initial contents. The methane (CH4) yields obtained for non-extracted I. galbana and supercritical fluid-extracted I. galbana were 104 ± 5 LSTP CH4 kg–1 VS and 90 ± 2 LSTP CH4 kg–1 VS (VS: volatile solids), respectively, indicating the methane yield loss of only 14.2% when using the extracted microalga. In order to increase methane production, different co-digestion mixtures of I. galbana and olive mill solid waste (OMSW) were evaluated. The methane yield increased to 134 ± 4 and 189 ± 5 mLSTP CH4 g–1 VS for the VS/TKN ratio (w/w) of 20 and 30, respectively (TKN: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen). These results were encouraging due to the positive synergism established between the co-substrates.
Primary teachers’ preferred fraction models and manipulatives for solving fraction tasks and for teaching
Authors: Wilkie Karina J. , Roche Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen teaching fractions, teachers make instructional decisions about if, when, and how to use the many different types of fraction models and manipulatives. In this study, we sought insights into their pedagogical reasoning with fraction representations via their preferences, both for solving tasks themselves and for teaching (in general and for specific fraction concepts and operations). Nearly 200 practising Australian primary teachers participated in an online survey and we drew on a Fraction Schemes theorisation to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. A majority of teachers indicated a personal preference for the set model for four out of five schemes; for one scheme most teachers preferred the circle model. Their reasons suggested that the nature of each task in a scheme and the specific fractions involved, played a role in influencing their preferences. With respect to teaching fractions, the teachers also indicated a high level of preference for teaching with the set model in general, and secondly for the rectangle model. Their preferences, except for number lines, were not found to be associated with the teachers’ nominated year level. We found that a high personal preference for a set model was associated with a preference for teaching with the same model in general, but not for teaching with the matching manipulative (counters or chips). The teachers indicated a high level of preference for teaching with the fraction bars manipulative for several fraction concepts, but this was not associated with a personal preference for linear models. Implications for further research are discussed.
Interactions in dopamine and indole loaded thermosensitive hydrogels seen by high sensitivity microDSC. Implications for drug delivery
Authors: Bulátkó Anna , Domján Attila , Madarász János , László Krisztina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractControlled and targeted drug delivery systems consist of a carrier matrix and one or more active ingredients. One of the roles of the matrix is to regulate the release of the drug. Uptake, release, differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to reveal the interactions governing the release of dopamine and indole from a thermoresponsive model polymer gel. The dopamine can be completely recovered from the loaded polymer matrix. The self-assembling affinity of the dopamine molecules reduces their interaction with the polymer, and the water molecules can form a uniform protecting water sheath. Thus neither the kinetics nor the temperature of the phase transition of the carrier matrix are influenced by the dopamine. The DSC results imply the formation of polymer and dopamine-rich domains above the phase transition. Indole, on the other hand, readily substitutes for the water molecules through the interaction between the C=O sites of the polymer and the NH groups of the drug. The loss of the protecting hydrophobic water and the decelerated fluctuation of the indole decorated polymer chains result in a much slower phase transition and a depleted phase transition temperature. The interaction between the carrier matrix and the indole results in a uniform distribution of the drug and after drying the indole is found in amorphous form. Dopamine, on the contrary, forms crystalline regions.
Agriculturally intensified landscapes are associated with reduced body condition of lady beetles
Authors: Tiede Julia , Iuliano Benjamin , Gratton Claudio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Context
Agricultural intensification is contributing to a global species decline. Underlying mechanisms include toxic effects of pesticides on non-target organisms and reductions in habitat and food availability. However, the effects of agricultural intensification on body condition, particularly of ecosystem service-providing arthropods, are poorly understood.

Objectives
Here, we investigated whether variations in the body condition of common lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) can be explained by the composition and configuration of the surrounding landscape. Assuming strong seasonal variation in food availability in intensively farmed regions, we included the entire period of lady beetle activity in our study.

Methods
Lady beetles were collected from April to September 2011 in 30 landscapes in southern Wisconsin, USA. We examined how body size, body density, and lipid content of the beetles responded to the percentage of intensive cropland, habitat diversity, and edge density in the surrounding landscape.

Results
The strongest predictor of body condition was the percentage of intensive cropland. For every 10% increase in cropland, body density decreased by about 3.9% and lipid content by 6.4%. Landscape diversity and edge density correlated with body condition of individual species.

Conclusions
In agriculturally intensified landscapes, lady beetles with reduced body condition may produce fewer offspring, have lower survival rates, and exert less effective pest control. Thus, our results suggest a mechanistic link between landscape patterns and observed declines in lady beetle populations. Our results also show that the expansion of monocultures affects even common cropland-associated species such as Harmonia axyridis, suggesting a long-term decline in biocontrol services in simplified agricultural landscapes.
Clinical decision support models for oropharyngeal cancer treatment: design and evaluation of a multi-stage knowledge abstraction and formalization process
Authors: Gaebel Jan , Mehlhorn Stefanie , Oeser Alexander , Dietz Andreas , Neumuth Thomas , Stoehr Matthaeus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment decisions in oncology are demanding and affect survival, general health, and quality of life. Expert systems can handle the complexity of the oncological field. We propose the application of a hybrid modeling approach for decision support models consisting of expert-based implementation of a decision model structure and machine-learning (ML) based parameter generation. We demonstrate our approach for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods
We created a clinical decision model based on Bayesian Networks and iteratively optimized its characteristics using structured knowledge engineering approaches. We combined manual adaptation of individual concepts with automatic learning of parameters and causalities. Using data from 94 patient records, we targeted the needed objectivity and clinical significance.

Results
In three iteration steps, we assessed the model with cross-validations. The initial aggregated accuracy of 0.529 could be increased to 0.883 in the final version. The predictive rates of the target nodes range from 0.557 to 0.960.

Conclusion
Combining different methodological approaches requires balancing the complexity of the clinical subject matter with the amount of information available in the dataset for ML application. Our method showed promising results because flaws of one approach can be overcome by the other approach. However, technical integrability as well as clinical acceptance must always be ensured.
Perceived Access to Contraception via Telemedicine Among Young Adults: Inequities by Food and Housing Insecurity
Authors: Yarger Jennifer , Hopkins Kristine , Elmes Sarah , Rossetto Irene , De La Melena Stephanie , McCulloch Charles E. , White Kari , Harper Cynthia C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Telemedicine expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic, including for contraceptive services. Data are needed to understand whether young people can access telemedicine for contraception, especially in underserved populations.

Objective
To compare young people’s perceived access to telemedicine visits for contraception during the COVID-19 pandemic by food and housing insecurity.

Design
Supplementary study to a cluster randomized controlled trial in 25 community colleges in California and Texas. Online surveys were administered May 2020 to April 2021. Mixed-effects logistic regression models with random effects for site were used to examine differences in access to contraception through telemedicine by food and housing insecurity status, controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics, including race/ethnicity, non-English primary language, health insurance status, and state of residence, and contraceptive method used.

Participants
1,414 individuals assigned female at birth aged 18–28.

Main Measures
Survey measures were used to capture how difficult it would be for a participant to have a telemedicine visit (phone or video) for contraception.

Key Results
Twenty-nine percent of participants were food insecure, and 15% were housing insecure. Nearly a quarter (24%) stated that it would be difficult to have a phone or video visit for contraception. After accounting for sociodemographic factors and type of method used, food insecure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62–2.91) and housing insecure (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13–2.33) participants were significantly more likely to report that it would be difficult to use telemedicine for contraception during the pandemic.

Conclusions
Underserved patients are those who could benefit most from the expansion of telemedicine services, yet our findings show that young people experiencing basic needs insecurity perceive the greatest difficulty accessing these services for essential reproductive care.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03519685
Photosynthetic and water-related physiological characteristics of Periploca sepium in response to changing soil water conditions in a shell sand habitat
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xia Jiangbao , Zhao Ximei , Dong Mingming , Xing Xianshuang , Fang Ying , Fu Qinqin , Lu Zhaohua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study was performed to observe the effects of water on photosynthesis and water-related physiology in dominant shrubs in shell sand habitats. Four-year-old Periploca sepium seedlings were used as model species. A gradient of 12 water levels was established by artificially supplying the shell sand with water up to saturation and then allowing natural evapotranspiration to occur. The photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence and stem sap flow parameters of P. sepium were measured under a range of water conditions. The different soil water conditions were classified according to the responses of these parameters. (1) With the increase in the relative water content (RWC) of the shell sand, the parameters of leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and water-related physiology in P. sepium showed significant critical responses. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), potential water use efficiency (WUEi), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) and daily accumulation of stem sap flow all increased first and then decreased with increasing RWC, but the corresponding water conditions associated with their maximum values were not the same. An RWC of 69.40% was determined to be the optimal water condition for photosynthesis and water-related physiological activity in P. sepium. At an RWC of 36.61%, the mechanism of photosynthetic inhibition in P. sepium changed from stomatal limitation to nonstomatal limitation; this was also the minimum water requirement for maintaining normal photosynthetic processes. An RWC of 50.27% resulted in the highest WUE in P. sepium, indicating that moderate drought stress increased WUE. (2) Based on the quantitative relationship between the photosynthetic parameters of P. sepium and the shell sand water gradient, the soil water availability was classified into 6 water grades. The RWC range for maintaining strong photosynthesis and high WUE in P. sepium was 63.22–69.98%. (3) Gas exchange in P. sepium was inhibited under drought and waterlogging stresses. Under these conditions, the photosynthetic electron transport chain was blocked, and the dissipation of light energy as heat increased, which ultimately led to a decline in photosynthetic productivity; moreover, transpiration and dissipation were aggravated, and water transmission and utilization processes in P. sepium were hindered. A significant negative feedback regulation mechanism in the photosynthetic and water-related physiological processes of P. sepium was observed; this mechanism allowed P. sepium growing in shell sand to be highly adaptable to water stress.