bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 – A Surge of CoronaVirus Disease-2019
Authors: Duraisamy Saikeerthana , Santhosh A. , Anushkannan N. K. , Saisadan D. 
Published: July 2022

Context:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pneumonia-like cluster syndrome which originated in Wuhan city of China and is still now on escalation, causing severe outbreaks all over the world. Being a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus which has the low proofreading RNA-dependent RNA polymerase leads to many mutations and that serves as the major cause for the progress of the disease. As per the recent research works done, 99% of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are due to pangolin-associated coronavirus which causes the super spreading events of coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in the nasopharyngeal swabs received in the viral transport medium at optimum temperature.

Materials and Methods:
The tests were conducted for a time period of 1 year from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 77,824 samples were tested in the laboratory as per ICMR guidelines using approved RNA extraction kits and polymerase chain reaction kits.

Results:
In the total of 77,824 samples tested in our laboratory, 14174 positives were identified. In that, about seven positive cases (0.004%) were identified in the month of July 2020 which increased to the maximum in September 2020 to about 865 positive cases (6%) which is the peak of first wave COVID-19 in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Out of 77,824 samples tested, the actual cumulative laboratory-confirmed positive cases of about 14174 were identified. In that, 7731 (55%) male positive cases were identified, 6171 (43%) female positive cases were identified, and 270 (2%) children who were below 12 years of age also were tested positive.

Conclusions:
The findings of the study indicated a high predominance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male gender population when compared to females and children below 12 years of age in Coimbatore district as of June 2021. The surge of cases was high in September 2020 as well as in May 2021, indicating the first and second wave of COVID-19.
COVID Infections Breakthrough Post-Vaccination
Authors: Ali Syed Amaan , Bhattacharyya Shyamalima , Ahmad Faisal Noor , Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Jain Teerthesh , Baad Shrusti Rajendra , Tiwari Heena Dixit 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Many new variants of the coronavirus are infecting the already vaccinated people. There have been reports of deaths also among the already vaccinated subjects. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the infection breakthrough after COVID vaccination.

Materials and Methods:
We piloted a review of the healthcare workers who completed the vaccination for COVID. The data were collected from the online resources for the breakthrough infections after vaccination. We then enumerated those subjects who had a breakthrough infection post-vaccination. The data collected were meta-analyzed for the incidence of the infection among the vaccinated individuals.

Results:
We observed that among nearly 2.3 lakh subjects, less than 3% were infected with the various new strains of the virus. The ratio of the breakthrough infection was different for the vaccinated (1.2%) and the partially vaccinated (3.2%) individuals with greater infection among the partially infected individuals.

Discussion:
The breakthrough infections are very low among vaccinated individuals and even lower among fully vaccinated individuals. Hence, vaccination is highly recommended to prevent the loss of life.
PCR-based Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Vijayan Aswathy K. , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Nair Aparna M. , Fathima Shabna , Nair Pratheeksha V. , Roshan John 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study was to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine and compare the genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral lichen planus (OLP).

Materials and Methods:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from 20 OLP biopsy specimens. Conventional PCR assay employing consensus HPV primers was used to identify HPV DNA. Positive PCR samples were then subjected to PCR assay with HPV type-specific primers.

Results:
Out of the total 20 OLP specimens evaluated, eight samples (40%) were positive for HPV. Females had a 41.7% higher HPV-positive rate than males. The most common type in the HPV type-specific PCR assay was HPV-18 (75%), which is a high-risk type of HPV linked to malignant diseases. The erosive kind of OLP had the greatest percentage of HPV positives (50%).

Conclusion:
The present study confirms the detection of HPV in OLP lesions, as determined by PCR-coupled HPV gene sequencing, as well as its likely mechanism of malignant transformation.
An In Vitro Trial to Estimate the Retention Ability of Luting Agents Utilized with Dental Implant-Supported Prosthesis
Authors: Ahsan Aasia , Khushboo B , Kumar Ashish , Kumari Sweta , Poojary Bharathi , Dixit Arti , Kumar Amit , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The trial's goal was to assess the retentiveness of specially formulated implant cement besides comparing it to dental cements that are widely utilized by means of implant systems.

Materials and Procedures:
Twenty implant analogs were implanted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks and bonded to titanium abutments. Fifty uniform copings were waxed and cast unswervingly onto the abutment. (1) Resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement, (2) purposefully designed implant cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass ionomer cement were the cements used. Following cementation, each sample was pulled out by utilizing a widespread testing machine, and the stresses necessary to confiscate the crowns were recorded. The ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to examine the mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads.

Results:
Zinc polycarboxylate cement had the peak mean cement failure load, followed by glass ionomer cement. Zinc phosphate cement had the next highest mean cement failure load, followed by resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement. The mean cement failure load for Premier implant cement was the lowest. The difference in mean cement failure loads across the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The findings do not imply that one type of cement is superior to another, but they do present a ranking directive of cements based on their capacity to maintain the prosthesis and facilitate retrievability.
Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Advanced Platelet-rich Fibrin and Standard Platelet-rich Fibrin in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Riaz Rahim , Radhakrishnan Mensudar , Perumal Jayavelu 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Disimpaction of mandibular of third molar is one of the commonest minor oral surgical procedures. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) plays a vital role in both hard and soft tissue healing. There are various subtypes of PRF used for different surgical sites.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Advanced PRF (A-PRF) and Standard PRF (S-PRF) in the healing process of the surgical sites after the removal of mandibular third molars. Changes in swelling, pain, and mouth opening were evaluated.

Materials and Methods:
10 patients (3 men, 7 women; 18–35 years old) were selected for the removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molar teeth. A-PRF and S-PRF were placed in the right-hand side for 5 patients in each group. In both the groups, the left side of the patients was taken as the control group. Postoperative pain was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS), postoperative swelling was calculated using the distance between multiple facial landmarks (method) and mouth opening measured interincisally on the 1st postoperative day, 3rd day, and the 7th day, respectively. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis.

Results:
Advanced PRF group recorded noteworthy improvement in pain (P = 0.063), swelling (P = 0.001), and mouth opening (P = 0.013) when compared to the standard PRF group. There was statistically substantial variance between the advanced PRF and standard PRF groups.

Conclusion:
Advanced PRF group showed decreased swelling, pain, and increased mouth opening compared to standard PRF group.
Manual and Powered Toothbrushing Effectiveness on Autistic Children's Oral Hygiene Status
Authors: Pawar Madhura , Kasuhal Drishti , Kakti Ateet , Alshammari Fahad , Alshammari Meshal Fawaz , Dixit Shweta , Alibrahim Wesam Yousef 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Autistic children want a lot of help cleaning their teeth and they have a higher risk of periodontal disorder and less caries than the general public. The study's purpose is to see how helpful manual and powered toothbrushing are for autistic kids aged 6–12 years.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 autistic children aged 6–12 years were chosen at random from Mangalore city schools. The simplified oral hygiene index was used to determine the baseline oral health (OHI-S). Children were split into two classes during an oral review. Children in Group 1 received a manual toothbrush, and those in Group 2 received a powered toothbrush. Many of the children were given Colgate fluoride-free toothpaste. Under the guidance of care professionals, children were taught to brush for 3 min. They were taught to count from 1 to 20 when brushing each buccal and lingual section. The index was rechecked at the conclusion of the 1st month (30th day) and the next month (3rd month) (90th day). On the 60th day, the recently learned techniques were reinforced (end of the 2nd month).

Result:
In Group 1, a statistically significant reduction in mean OHI-S scores was observed in baseline versus 30 days and baseline versus 90 days, while in Group 2, a statistically highly significant reduction in baseline versus 30 days, baseline versus 90 days, and 30 days versus 90 days was observed.

Conclusion:
Furthermore, in autism children, powered teeth brushing shows potential. Long-term follow-up and greater sample size are, however, needed.
Assessment of Role of Complete Dentures in Improving the Chewing Efficiency of Edentulous Patients
Authors: Kumari Subham , Khushboo B , Arvind Ananya , Singh Sarita , Ahsan Aasia , Singh Chintu K. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The loss of teeth leads to difficulty in chewing and smiling and an unesthetic appearance. The present study assessed the role of complete dentures in improving the chewing efficiency of edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-two complete denture wearers of age group 40–75 years of both genders were enrolled in the study. The chewing efficiency of denture was determined by VMM machine. Patients were provided with the self- administered questionnaire and were advised to answer.

Results:
Out of 82 patients, there were 42 (51.2%) males and 40 (48.8%) females. The mean ± SD particle size was found to be 0.12 ± 0.07 mm in males and 0.13 ± 0.06 mm in females. A non-significant difference was observed (P > 0.05). The mean ± SD satisfaction level value was 1.28 ± 0.07.

Conclusion:
There was improved chewing efficiency with the complete denture, and the patient satisfaction level was high among patients.
Mouth Breathing and Speech Disorders
Authors: Alhazmi Waleed A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the most common speech impairments among mouth breathing (MB) children and to assess the relationship between them in terms of etiology, gender, clinical symptoms, clinical findings, and dental traits.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 498 mouth-breathers, both male and female, aged 9–17 years, were screened for allergic rhinitis (AR), adenoid hypertrophy (AH), and/or functional mouth breathing (FM). The subjects were assessed by a team that included an otorhinolaryngologist, an allergologist, an orthodontist, and a speech pathologist.

Results:
MB was associated with AR, AH, FM, and orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD). AR was the most common etiology, followed by FM. Further, 81.7% of the children had speech disorders such as speech sound problems, fluency disorders, and voice disorders. A statistically significant association was found between etiology, OMD, and speech alterations. Males had a statistically highly significant frequency of speech abnormalities than females. Frontal lisp was found in 36.1%, followed by stuttering (19.2%). In 10.6% of the children, two or more speech impediments occurred simultaneously. There was also a statistically significant association between various speech abnormalities and malocclusion.

Conclusion:
The findings of the study suggested that articulation disorders were frequently associated with MB children. It emphasizes the necessity of monitoring MB children through a multidisciplinary approach to prevent the adverse effects of MB and improve the overall development of individuals.
Efficacy of the Atraumatic Physics Forceps Over Conventional Extraction Forceps in Extraction of Tooth—Does it Offer an Alternative in All Types of Extraction or Only can be Used in Few Selected Types of Extraction
Authors: Laskar Shyamalendu , Singh Mamta , Suman Anshika , Sahu Satyajit , Mishra Bibhu P. , Sahoo Abhijeeta 
Published: July 2022

We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of physics forceps in dental extractions as compared with conventional forceps and as well as to evaluate its atraumatic point of view.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 200 healthy adult patients were included in the study who reported for dental extractions, divided into two groups each containing 100 patients. The patients were randomly allocated into either group by lottery method.

Results:
Operating time in the physics forceps group was found to be significantly reduced as well as lesser incidence of dry socket was noted which was statistically significant on the 2nd day postoperatively. However, incidence of root fracture, buccal plate fracture, and gingival lacerations were not found to be statistically significant but their occurrence was less in the physics forceps group as compared with the conventional forceps group.

Conclusion:
To conclude, we can say that extractions done by physics forceps results in significant reduction in unnecessary trauma as well as stress to both the operator and patient. The forceps is an atraumatic extraction system which is a boon for the profession, thereby reducing ridge deformities and preparing the patients for future prosthesis.
A National Survey Evaluating the Knowledge and Attitude of Health-Care Workers of Saudi Arabia about Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Agarwal Poonam , Puttalingaiah Vinuth Dhundanalli , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Alanazi Sarah Hatab , Sghaireen Mohammed Ghazi , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Shrivastava Deepti 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:
Health-care workers (HCWs) are playing an instrumental role in combating coronavirus infection (COVID-19). While rendering their services, they also run the risk of cross-contamination. Hence, it is important to evaluate and correlate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs of Saudi Arabia about COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, nationwide, questionnaire-based survey was conducted after getting the approval from the institutional ethical board. A validated and reliable questionnaire was constructed, developed on the Qualtrics software, and circulated through an electronic medium across the country. The questionnaire had a total of 29 questions regarding knowledge and attitude about COVID-19. Through convenience sampling, the data were collected from a total sample of 1553 HCWs. Based on the primary area of expertise, the sample was categorized into three study groups with 1040 medical health-care professionals (MHCPs) (Group I), 318 dental health-care professionals (DHCPs) (Group II), and 195 allied health-care professionals (AHCPs) (Group III). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS v. 21, where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Female HCWs (P = 0.003) were shown to have a higher (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.46; confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.79) risk of inadequate knowledge in comparison to male HCWs. With respect to qualification, HCWs with doctorate qualification (P = 0.005) (aOR: 0.39; CI: 0.2–0.75) had shown to have adequate knowledge compared to their counterparts. AHCPs were shown inadequate knowledge (P < 0.001; aOR: 2.36; CI: 1.65–3.38), but adequate attitude (P < 0.001; aOR: 0.13; CI: 0.09–0.2) compared to MHCPs and DHCPs.

Conclusion:
MHCPs were shown to have the most appropriate level of knowledge, whereas AHCPs outscore other counterparts of HCWs with respect to attitude toward COVID-19. Emphasis should be directed to the whole community of HCWs in enhancing their awareness and practice attitude toward the novel infection of COVID-19.
A Study to Evaluate Il1 And Il6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels in Adolescents and Young Adults During the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Kumar Barun D. , Singh Neha , Verma Santosh K. , Singh Sneha , Thakur Sneha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Evaluating the biomarkers during orthodontic therapy allows us to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment, anticipate the future outcome, and also individualize the treatment according to the response of tissue to different force intensities. The crevicular fluid analysis is a valuable diagnostic method that can be used to examine noninvasive cellular metabolic activity. The goal of this study was to compare the levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults throughout orthodontic treatment.

Methods:
GCF was obtained from 20 orthodontic patients ranging in age from 11 to 28 years old. Measurements were done before (T0) and after (T24) the activation of distalization forces (T1). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing was used to look at IL-1 and IL-6. Two-sided t-tests were utilized as statistical testing.

Results:
The crevicular fluid rate (0.57 L at T0 vs. 0.95 L at T1, P = 0.001) and IL-1 levels (15.67 pg/L at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/L at T1, P = 0.009) both increased significantly between the two time periods. Only a third of the sites tested positive for IL-6. At T1, adolescents have a considerably higher amount of IL than young adults (42.96 pg/L vs. 17.93 pg/L, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Adolescent periodontal tissues are more susceptible to orthodontic forces than young adult periodontal tissues in the early stages of orthodontic treatment.
Comparison of Ozonated Olive Oil and Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Nambiar Shruthi , Malothu Sardhar , Karmakar Shaswata , Varkey Anish , Chandra Deepan , Chava Vijay Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
Complete elimination of the pathogenic microorganisms from the gingival sulcus area is the ultimate goal of any periodontal therapy. Certain factors such as anatomical variation of teeth, deep periodontal pocket, and tissue-invading ability of some bacteria decrease the effectiveness of conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP). Hence, antimicrobial agents could be used as an adjunct to SRP, in order to increase the efficacy of it. Although Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the gold standard as an antiplaque agent, it has several drawbacks. Recently, ozone therapy is being tried for the treatment of several diseases in the field of dentistry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of local application of CHX and ozonated olive oil as adjunctive to SRP for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty individuals who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected for this split-mouth randomized controlled trial. The treatment sites from each individual were randomly allocated into two groups. Along with SRP, the local application of CHX and ozonated olive oil was done for the control and test sites, respectively. Pocket probing depth, relative attachment loss, and sulcus bleeding index were measured before and 3 months after the treatment. Intragroup and intergroup differences in the clinical parameters were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively.

Results:
Three months' posttreatment, all the parameters showed significant improvement in both the groups. However, the intergroup comparison failed to be significant statistically.

Conclusion:
Ozonated olive oil could enhance the outcomes of SRP for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Hand Hygiene Practices among Inpatients of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar
Authors: Das Pradipta , Khuntia Pradipta Kishore , Das Maneesha , Bisoi Debasis , Shekar Nithya , Pujari Pran Singh 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Health-care-associated infection or nosocomial infection is defined as patients getting an infection on admission to the hospital if they were not infected or incubating the infection before admission. Hand hygiene is the most important measure that can avoid the transmission of germs and can prevent health-care-associated infections.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2020 to July 2021 with the objective to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among the inpatients of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. A predesigned structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge and attitude of the participants were assessed using prevalidated 9 point and 6 point scale. Practice of the health-care providers (HCPs) toward health hygiene observed by the patients was also assessed using 6 point scale.

Results:
Majority of the participants had average knowledge score (56.7%) and average attitude score (62.0%) on hand hygiene, whereas their observation on the practice of hand hygiene among HCPs has given bad score (50.7%). Males have significantly good knowledge (P = 0.0001) and attitude score (P = 0.00097) compared to female. Similarly higher educational level participants had significantly good knowledge (P = 0.0002) and attitude score (P = 0.0053) on hand hygiene.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study indicate that there is insufficient hand hygiene awareness among the inpatients in a tertiary care hospital population mainly among the female and less educated participants. Hence, development of community-based hand hygiene promotion programs for the general public are the need of the hour.