bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does early tethered cord release in occult spinal dysraphism improve urological outcomes? A systematic review
Authors: Elsabaa Ahmad , Mahmoud Mohamed Ashraf , Nosseir Mohamed , Mahmoud Mohamed Wael S. , Aziz Mohamed Mostafa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Occult spinal dysraphism involves a wide range of congenital anomalies, e.g., lipoma, Lipomeningomyelocele, congenital dermal sinus, etc. Occult spinal dysraphism also may present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and radiological findings, i.e., it ranges from asymptomatic patients that are accidentally discovered to low lying conus with neurological, skeletal and urological manifestations. Even though neurosurgeons are well-aware of neurological presentations that indicate surgical intervention in children with occult spinal dysraphism, urological symptoms may present some controversy in management. This review aims to discuss urological outcomes of detethering as regarding time of intervention, improvement of the urological symptoms after detethering, and the role of urodynamics preoperatively and during follow-up.

Methodology
An online search of the literature was done including studies in English language from 1990 to January 2022. Included studies were analytical with well conducted descriptive nature of acceptable quality (at least level 3 evidence). Patient characteristics included both male and female children and adolescents, up to 19 years old who presented with clinical and/or radiological evidence of tethering of the spinal cord. Most studies that were included had availability of urodynamics. A total of 15 studies were included involving 633 patients. Meningomyelocele (MMC) and other spina bifida operta cases are excluded.

Results
Results of all studies were collected and mean age of studies was gathered and plotted on a chart in relation to urological outcome and urodynamic improvement. Most results favored early detethering; however, many factors were found to affect the inverse proportion curve of age with clinical improvement or urodynamics. For example, studies that included secondary tethered cord showed poorer results than results that included primary tethered cord only, preoperative severity of urological symptoms (more severe symptoms were associated with irreversible poor outcomes), and preoperative urodynamic parameters.

Conclusion
The management of tethered cord syndrome and occult spinal dysraphism remains controversial. There is lack of class 1 evidence regarding tethered cord release surgery in occult spinal dysraphism. Heterogenicity of pathology, symptomatology and radiology make the randomization of such sample size difficult. The outcomes of surgical detethering are therefore multifactorial. A large sample of prospective randomized controlled studies addressing each factor, e.g., age, severity of symptoms, preoperative urodynamic parameters, is recommended in order to evaluate the impact of each factor on outcome.
Validation of seven risk scores in an independent cohort: the challenge of predicting recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Karlo Filipovic , Daniel Steven , Arian Sultan , van den Bruck Jan-Hendrik , Jonas Wörmann , Cornelia Scheurlen , Sebastian Dittrich , Jakob Lüker 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Several predictive scores for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after AF ablation have been developed. We compared the predictive value of seven previously described risk scores ((CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASC, HATCH, APPLE, CAAP-AF, BASE-AF2, MB-LATER) for prediction of AF recurrence risk at 12 months after AF ablation in our patient cohort. Further, we aimed to identify additional variables to predict recurrences after AF ablation.

Methods
We used data from our digital AF ablation registry to compare the previously published scores in an independent cohort (n = 883, 50.8% with paroxysmal AF). The scores were chosen based on earlier publications and availability of relevant data.

Results
The BASE-AF2 (AUC 0.630, p < 0.001), MB-LATER (AUC 0.612, p < 0.001), CAAP-AF (AUC 0.591, p < 0.001), APPLE (AUC 0.591, p < 0.001) and CHA2DS2-VASC (AUC 0.547, p = 0.018) scores had a statistically significant but modest predictive value for 12-month AF recurrence. None of the scores were significantly superior. Other analyzed scores had no predictive value. There was no difference in the predictive value for 12-month recurrence of AF between first procedure vs. redo procedure and RF ablation vs. cryoablation. Unlike other scores, MB-LATER showed better predictive value for paroxysmal vs. persistent AF (AUC 0.632 vs. 0.551, p = 0.038). In the multivariate logistic regression, only age (p = 0.006), number of prior electrical cardioversions (p < 0.001) and early AF recurrence (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of AF recurrence.

Conclusion
Despite numerous available scores, predicting recurrences after AF ablation remains challenging. New predictors are needed, potentially based on interventions, as well as novel genetic, functional and anatomic parameters.
Immobilization of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 ameliorates Citrobacter rodentium induced lesions and enhances the gut inflammatory response in C57BL/6 weanling mice
Authors: Kyereh Emmanuel , Coulon Diana , Langohr Ingeborg , Raggio Anne , Keenan Michael , Sathivel Subramaniam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfectious diarrhea is a major cause of infant mortality in most developing countries. In this research, we evaluated the potential of immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 on weanimix infant cereal and its effectiveness in reducing the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced diarrhea in weanling mice. Thirty-six C57BL/6 weanling mice were placed into four groups (n = 9 each; negative, positive, prevention and cure). Mice received either L. plantarum (109 CFU/g) immobilized on weanimix infant cereal 3 days before C. rodentium (109 CFU/ ml) infection (Prevention) or 3 days after C. rodentium infection (Cure). A positive control group was infected with C. rodentium only, while a negative control group received neither L. plantarum nor C. rodentium. Positive control mice showed colonic mucosal and submucosal inflammation, erosion, and mucosal epithelia hyperplasia with the C. rodentium infection. Mice in the prevention and cure groups had less severe histologic alterations in the colon. Some beneficial effect of L. plantarum was observed in cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which stimulates water and electrolytes absorption to reduce diarrhea. Our findings demonstrated that L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 could be immobilized on weanimix infant cereal to help reduce diarrhea during weaning.
Graphical Abstract
Minimally invasive thyroid and parathyroid surgery: modifications for low-resource environments
Authors: Eltelety Ahmad M. , Terris David J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMinimally invasive thyroidectomy (MIT) and parathyroidectomy (MIP) are gaining popularity in the current surgical practice. The need for specific equipment and technology is an obstacle in the low-resource environment. This article provides simple and practical guidance for surgeons practicing in low-resource environments to help them attain quality surgical practice, maintain patient safety, preserve available resources, and achieve the best outcomes.
Imaging of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: imaging analysis of 120 patients
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Dixit Yogita , Yonati Vivek , Nigam Prakhar , Kheti Pramita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
With the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a rapid upsurge in cases of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). It is an opportunistic fungal infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid and appropriate application of clinical and radiological methods is crucial for early diagnosis, to limit the associated morbidity and improve post-treatment outcomes. In our study, we analyzed imaging features, common sites, and the extent of infection in patients suffering from ROCM.

Results
The majority of the patients were either diabetics or developed uncontrolled blood glucose levels during COVID-19 infection. 79.17% of patients had a history of treatment with steroid therapy. Headache and facial pain were the most common clinical features seen in 76.67% and 60% of patients, respectively. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were commonly involved. The most common extra-sinus site of involvement was periantral fat and orbit, seen in 91 (75.83%) and 84 (70%) patients, respectively. Bone erosion or marrow edema was seen in 72 (60%) patients. Intracranial extension in the form of meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis/thrombosis, and brain abscess were seen in 20%, 10%, and 3.3% of patients, respectively. MRI-based staging showed that 24.7% of patients had stage I, 5.83% had stage II, 50% had stage III, and 20% had stage IV disease.

Conclusion
The spread of COVID-19-associated rhinomucormycosis to extra-sinus sites is common, which can be detected adequately on MRI. The radiological signs of invasion and devitalization of tissues are crucial for the early diagnosis of ROCM.
Monthly and seasonal prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the major airway diseases and are increasingly important causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability globally. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine monthly and seasonal patterns of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the study area during 2020–2021. The data of the indoor patients for the study period were obtained from the official records maintained in the District Head Quarter teaching hospital Dera Ismail Khan.

Results
A total of 2179 cases of asthma were recorded including 1609 (73.8%) in 2020 and 570 (26.2%) in 2021, and 740 cases of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were also recorded in 2020. Overall asthma was highest in March with 1128 (51.8%) cases and was lowest in July with 29 (1.3%) cases. Seasonal prevalence/pattern show that asthma relatively more prevailed during winter and early spring (December through March). Out of a total of 740 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the highest 405 (54.7%) cases were recorded in February and the lowest 0 in April. Seasonal distribution indicated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was relatively higher in winter (January–February).

Conclusions
Seasonal variation and pattern in prevalence exist both in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as both indicated relatively higher prevalence in winter compared to summer and autumn.
STAGETOOL, a Novel Automated Approach for Mouse Testis Histological Analysis
Authors: Meikar Oliver , Majoral Daniel , Heikkinen Olli , Valkama Eero , Leskinen Sini , Rebane Ana , Ruusuvuori Pekka , Toppari Jorma , Mäkelä Juho-Antti , Kotaja Noora 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process that takes place in the seminiferous tubules. A specific organization of spermatogenic cells within the seminiferous epithelium enables a synchronous progress of germ cells at certain steps of differentiation on the spermatogenic pathway. This can be observed in testis cross-sections where seminiferous tubules can be classified into distinct stages of constant cellular composition (12 stages in the mouse). For a detailed analysis of spermatogenesis, these stages have to be individually observed from testis cross-sections. However, the recognition of stages requires special training and expertise. Furthermore, the manual scoring is laborious considering the high number of tubule cross-sections that have to be analyzed. To facilitate the analysis of spermatogenesis, we have developed a convolutional deep neural network-based approach named “STAGETOOL.” STAGETOOL analyses histological images of 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI)-stained mouse testis cross-sections at ×400 magnification, and very accurately classifies tubule cross-sections into 5 stage classes and cells into 9 categories. STAGETOOL classification accuracy for stage classes of seminiferous tubules of a whole-testis cross-section is 99.1%. For cellular level analysis the F1 score for 9 seminiferous epithelial cell types ranges from 0.80 to 0.98. Furthermore, we show that STAGETOOL can be applied for the analysis of knockout mouse models with spermatogenic defects, as well as for automated profiling of protein expression patterns. STAGETOOL is the first fluorescent labeling–based automated method for mouse testis histological analysis that enables both stage and cell-type recognition. While STAGETOOL qualitatively parallels an experienced human histologist, it outperforms humans time-wise, therefore representing a major advancement in male reproductive biology research.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hereditary Central Diabetes Insipidus in a Swiss Family With a Mutation in the AVP Gene
Authors: Wyniger Lorena , Beuret Nicole , Rutishauser Jonas , Seelig Eleonora 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hereditary central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a genetic disorder characterized by polydipsia and polyuria. Most known mutations are located in the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) gene. Here, we describe a Swiss family with an autosomal dominant mutation in the AVP gene region encoding for the carrier protein neurophysin II (P55R). In addition, we discuss the algorithm for diagnosing and treating patients with hereditary CDI based on this Swiss family.
Hypothyroidism After Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patient With Graves' Disease: Cure?
Authors: Sharma Rajeev 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are frequently used as treatment for many malignancies. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to use of ICIs are common. Thyroid involvement is the most common endocrine irAE. Here, we present an unusual case of Graves' disease potentially cured due to destructive thyroiditis caused by inflammation due to ICIs. Thyroid irAEs are more common with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors than cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. Baseline and serial monitoring of thyroid function tests is recommended.
Modeling the effects of genetic- and diet-induced obesity on melanoma progression in zebrafish
Authors: Montal Emily , Lumaquin Dianne , Ma Yilun , Suresh Shruthy , White Richard M. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Obesity is a rising concern and associated with an increase in numerous cancers, often in a sex-specific manner. Preclinical models are needed to deconvolute the intersection between obesity, sex and melanoma. Here, we generated a zebrafish system that can be used as a platform for studying these factors. We studied how germline overexpression of Agrp along with a high-fat diet affects melanomas dependent on BRAFV600E and loss of p53. This revealed an increase in tumor incidence and area in male, but not female, obese fish, consistent with the clinical literature. We then determined whether this was further affected by additional somatic mutations in the clinically relevant genes rb1 or ptena/b. We found that the male obesogenic effect on melanoma was present with tumors generated with BRAF;p53;Rb1 but not BRAF;p53;Pten. These data indicate that both germline (Agrp) and somatic (BRAF, Rb1) mutations contribute to obesity-related effects in melanoma. Given the rapid genetic tools available in the zebrafish, this provides a high-throughput system to dissect the interactions of genetics, diet, sex and host factors in obesity-related cancers.
Does depression increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Chuanjiang , Jing Lan , Wang Juan 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Data on the relationship between depression and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scarce and conflicting. We, hereby, aimed to review evidence if prior depression increases the risk of GDM.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to 11th September 2021 for English language studies reporting the relationship between depression and subsequent risk of GDM.
Results: Ten studies were included. Meta-analysis of data from nine studies including 127,195 patients indicated that prior depression was associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM (OR: 1.29 95% CI: 1.10, 1.52). There was no change in the significance of the results on sensitivity analysis. On subgroup analysis based on study location, we noted that the association between depression and GDM was seen only in USA-based studies with the pooled analysis of non-USA studies indicating no such relationship. Similar conflicting results were noted on subgroup analysis based on diagnostic criteria for GDM and depression.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that prior depression can lead to a 29% increased risk of GDM in pregnant females. Current evidence is derived from a limited number of studies with significant heterogeneity in the timing and diagnostic criteria for depression.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6845
How to cite this: Zhang C, Jing L, Wang J. Does depression increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):285-292. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6845
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Benefits of nutritional yeast for children on vegan diet
Authors: Szydłowska Justyna , Gładysz Konrad , Żuchnik Olga , Król Olgierd , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Kuczyńska Beata , Czelej Magdalena , Kłos Aleksander , Gieroba Krzysztof , Szydłowski Marcin 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Nutritional yeast are a food product that can be fortified with valuable components. They are a product suitable for introducing into the diet of vegan children due to their friendly form, good taste and relatively low cost.
Aim of the study: Summarize current knowledge on the benefits of introducing nutritional yeast into children's diets as supplementation for deficiencies in a vegan diet. Demonstrate the positive impact of the product on the health of the body.
Methods and materials: : A review of the literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar, the following keywords were used: "nutritional yeast", "vegan diet in children", "nutritional yeast impact on health".
Results: Introducing nutritional yeast into the diet of a child restricting animal products has measurable benefits. It reduces the risk of deficiencies such as deficiency of vitamin B12, zinc, protein and the following disease symptoms.
Conclusion: The constantly growing number of infants and older children on vegan diets is a challenge for modern pediatrics, but also an opportunity to find new products that meet the high nutritional requirements of children during the developmental period. Nutritional yeast can be considered such a product thanks to their richness in nutrients that meat products contain but are not found in plant based foods. Nutritional yeast, however, cannot be a reason to completely abandon other sources of vitamin B12 supplementation.
Psychosocial determinants of a nurse's work
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Kłos Alicja 
Published: December 2022

Introduction There is a lot of work to the specificity of a nurse, into which one can write down unpredictable situations, health and life conditions of patients. Among the factors of psychosocial factors concerning relations between employees, the following threats are listed: stress, aggression, violence, mobbing, discrimination and occupational burnout.
Aim of the research: To assess the level of knowledge of the surveyed nurses about psychosocial factors that occur in their work.
Materials and methods The study included a group of 198 nurses and nurses employed in various hospital departments. They were conducted online in 2021. The method of the diagnostic survey was used for the research, based on the questionnaire technique with the use of the proprietary questionnaire.
Wyniki Do najczęstszych czynników, na które narażeni są respondenci podczas pełnienia dyżuru, należą stres psychiczny, ryzyko ukłucia ostrymi narzędziami, mikroorganizmy oraz wysiłek fizyczny. Według ankietowanych czynnikami wpływającymi na obciążenie pracą były m.in. Zła atmosfera pracy, brak odporności na stres, brak umiejętności pracy w zespole, problemy z układem kostno-stawowym oraz zbyt niskie wynagrodzenie.
Wnioski Pielęgniarki były w dużej mierze narażone na stres psychiczny, który niekorzystnie wpływał na ich pracę, w tym odpowiedzialność za zdrowie i życie innych ludzi, duży wysiłek umysłowy i pomaganie innym ludziom. Większość badanych pielęgniarek odczuwała satysfakcję ze swojej pracy, jednak znaczny odsetek badanych dostrzegał objawy chronicznego stresu i zmęczenia.
Aetiology, diagnosis and management of halitosis – a narrative review
Authors: Grudziąż-Sękowska Justyna , Iwanicka-Grzegorek Ewa 
Published: December 2022

Objectives
The present study aimed to present an overview of the aetiology of oral malodour and the diagnostic and treatment procedures.
Design
A comprehensive review of scientific literature (up to December 2021) was conducted using Medline and PubMed databases and Google Scholar, including checking reference lists of journal articles by hand-searching. Results are presented descriptively for halitosis's aetiology, diagnosis and clinical management.
Results
The origin of the foul odour problem is mainly due to intra-oral causes, while only a proportion of cases result from additional systemic problems. In some cases, the problem can be caused by co-existing oral and extraoral problems. Evidence suggests that the leading cause of intra-oral halitosis is the anaerobic microorganisms present in the tongue plaque. Less commonly, the foul odour is due to poor oral hygiene and periodontitis.
Conclusion
The origin of the foul odour problem is mainly due to intra-oral causes, while only a proportion of cases result from additional systemic problems. Dentists need to analyse and treat the oral problems that may be responsible for the patient's malodour, as well as inform the patient about the causes of the foul odour and oral hygiene procedures (flossing, tongue cleaning, selection and use of appropriate mouthwash and toothpaste). If the problem persists, they should know whom to refer the patient to for further diagnosis. It is reasonable to organise consultations on halitosis in a multidisciplinary setting - periodontists, otolaryngologists (ENT specialists), internal medicine specialists, gastroenterologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and others.