bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol of Pakistan randomized and observational trial to evaluate coronavirus treatment among newly diagnosed patients with COVID-19: Azithromycin, Oseltamivir, and Hydroxychloquine
Authors: Azhar Shehnoor , Akram Javed , Shahzad Muhammad , Latif Waqas , Khan Khalid Saeed 
Published: May 2022

Background & Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate (200 mg orally 8 hourlies thrice a day for 5 days), oseltamivir (75 mg orally twice a day for 5 days), and Azithromycin (500 mg orally daily on day 1, followed by 250 mg orally twice a day on days 2-5) alone and in combination (in seven groups).
Methods & Analysis: An adaptive design is deployed, set within a comprehensive cohort study, to permit flexibility in fast-changing clinical and public health scenario. Primary outcomes include turning the test negative for coronavirus nucliec acid and in bringing about clinical improvement on day 7 of follow-up on a seven-point ordinal scale. The randomized study will recruit participants of either gender above 18 years of age who will test positive for SARS-CoV-2 on Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Pregnant or lactating females, and those with severe respiratory distress, or with serious comorbidities will be excluded. Randomization will be done maintaining concealment of allocation sequence using a computer-generated random number list. The sample size will be subjected to periodic reviews by National Data Safety and Monitoring Board.
Ethics and Dissemination: The trial is approved by the National Bioethics Committee (No.4-87/NBC-471-COVID-19-05/20/) and institutional Ethical Review Committee. This clinical trial conducted under Good Clinical Practice is expected to inform patients clinical guidelines for the use of these drugs in newly diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.
Trial Registration: The trial was prospectively registered on April 08, 2020 at clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT04338698
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5512
How to cite this:Azhar S, Akram J, Shahzad M, Latif W, Khan KS. Protocol of Pakistan randomized and observational trial to evaluate coronavirus treatment among newly diagnosed patients with COVID-19: Azithromycin, Oseltamivir, and Hydroxychloquine. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5512
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Congenital cytomegaly infection - current reports on prevention, diagnosis and effective therapy
Authors: Wacławska Monika , Wacławska Marcelina , Wieteska Małgorzata , Maj Dominik 
Published: May 2022

Congenital CMV-cCMV- infection is the most common congenital viral infection in the world, especially in developing countries. It is a serious problem because it can contribute to the development of severe neurodevelopmental disorders and is also the main cause of sensorineural hearing loss. A high risk of adverse effects on the fetus occurs with CMV infection in early pregnancy, but infection can be transmitted from mother to fetus also in cases of secondary infections. Despite the high prevalence of up to 2% of all births, screening for CMV has not yet been established and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have not been standardized. The aim of this article is to review the current reports on the early detection of congenital CMV, as well as effective methods of its prevention and the best treatment.
Unfortunately, the literature review shows that there are no preventive measures other than proper hygiene during pregnancy. However, many clinical trials are currently underway to develop a CMV effective vaccine. Currently, the infection can be detected already at the stage of fetal life using PCR tests detecting the genetic material of the virus in the amniotic fluid. However, the treatment of already diagnosed congenital CMV is based on antiviral therapy for a period of 12 months, but only in symptomatic infants due to side effects such as neutropenia. Currently, the effectiveness of such treatment reduces the percentage of children with hearing loss and neurological disorders. Pregnant mothers should be educated on how to prevent infections, and doctors' task is to update data on the latest diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.
A critical analysis of the MOBI-Kids study of wireless phone use in childhood and adolescence and brain tumor risk
Authors: Hardell Lennart , Moskowitz Joel M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The MOBI-Kids case-control study on wireless phone use and brain tumor risk in childhood and adolescence included the age group 10–24 years diagnosed between 2010 and 2015. Overall no increased risk was found although for brain tumors in the temporal region an increased risk was found in the age groups 10–14 and 20–24 years. Most odds ratios (ORs) in MOBI-Kids were <1.0, some statistically significant, suggestive of a preventive effect from RF radiation; however, this is in contrast to current knowledge about radiofrequency (RF) carcinogenesis. The MOBI-Kids results are not biologically plausible and indicate that the study was flawed due to methodological problems. For example, not all brain tumor cases were included since central localization was excluded. Instead, all brain tumor cases should have been included regardless of histopathology and anatomical localization. Only surgical controls with appendicitis were used instead of population-based controls from the same geographical area as for the cases. In fact, increased incidence of appendicitis has been postulated to be associated with RF radiation which makes selection of control group in MOBI-Kids questionable. Start of wireless phone use up to 10 years before diagnosis was in some analyses included in the unexposed group. Thus, any important results demonstrating late carcinogenesis, a promoter effect, have been omitted from analysis and may underestimate true risks. Linear trend was in some analyses statistically significant in the calculation of RF-specific energy and extremely low frequency (ELF)-induced current in the center of gravity of the tumor. Additional case-case analysis should have been performed. The data from this study should be reanalyzed using unconditional regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors to increase statistical power. Then all responding cases and controls could be included in the analyses. In sum, we believe the results as reported in this paper seem uninterpretable and should be dismissed.
When Choosing Implies Losing: Does Flipping a Coin Increase Forfeiture Thoughts?
Authors: Jaffé Mariela E. , Douneva Maria , Greifeneder Rainer 
Published: May 2022

When individuals choose between two options, one strategy they can apply is flipping a coin. Individuals might follow the coin’s suggestion without further thought. Another possibility is that they take advantage of the change in perspective that the random and clear suggestion affords. We here hypothesize that a coin flip increases forfeiture thoughts by making it salient that choosing one option means forgoing the other. We further expect more forfeiture thoughts when the coin flip’s outcome is incongruent with existing preferences. We conducted two studies (total N = 310) and found evidence that a coin flip suggestion increases forfeiture thoughts compared to a control group without a suggestion. Moreover, we found some evidence that a coin flip suggestion that is incongruent (vs. congruent) with initial preferences increases forfeiture thoughts. Congruency (vs. incongruency) also results in stronger feelings of validation. We follow up on these findings by suggesting a preregistered study that investigates both forfeiture and acquisition thoughts as well as confidence as a downstream consequence of the change initiated by the coin flip. Results, however, do not show that receiving a suggestion (neither congruent or incongruent) impacts forfeiture or acquisition thoughts compared to a control condition. Receiving a congruent (vs. incongruent) suggestion, however, results in stronger feelings of validation. We discuss these different result patterns and potential directions for future research.
Different Variation of Intra-familial Body Mass Index subjected to Covid-19 Lockdown
Authors: Faienza Maria Felicia , Colaianni Valentina , Di Ciaula Agostino , Bonfrate Laonilde , Urbano Flavia , Chiarito Mariangela , Brunetti Giacomina , Giordano Paola , Corbo Filomena , D'Amato Gabriele , Portincasa Piero 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown has represented an inedited model of increased metabolic risk in all age groups, due to negative changes in dietary habits, physical activity, lifestyle. These effects have been generally explored at a population level in distinct age groups. Potential intra-familial, specific effects in adults and children sharing the same socio-economic, cultural level and living habits have been scarcely explored. We aimed to characterize changes of anthropometric indices in parents and in their children during COVID-19 lockdown.
Methods: A cohort of 149 couple parent/children were prospectively enrolled. By a validated questionnaire we explored changes of body mass index (BMI) and individual lifestyle during a 2-month lockdown (May- July 2020).
Results: BMI increased in 70.5% of parents and in 67.8% of their children, with a Δ-BMI of 1.44+0.09 kg/ m 2 and 0.36+0.02 Kg/m 2 , respectively. BMI increments, however, were only significant in adults and did not correlate in the couple parents/children. Most adults (80.5%) and children (71.4%) did not perform regular physical activity during the lockdown. Direct correlations between dietary changes and BMI variations became evident in children, mainly in terms of a decreased consumption of fresh fruit, pulses, fish, and an increased consumption of cereals, carbohydrates, dairy products, olive oil. In normal weight, overweight and obese children, but not in adults, the increase in sleep hours increased with BMI.
Conclusions: Despite marked lifestyle changes imposed by the COVID-19 lockdown, BMI variations in parents were independent from those observed in their children, pointing to different outcomes in response to the same external, critical event. Thus, primary prevention measures aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle require different approaches according to age.
VNTR Polymorphism in Intron 4 of the eNOS Gene and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case-control Study
Authors: Forgerini Marcela , Urbano Gustavo , De Nadai Tales Rubens , Zanelli Cleslei Fernando , Valentini Sandro Roberto , Mastroianni Patrícia De Carvalho 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims: Considering the lack of knowledge regarding the influence of the variable number of repeats of 27 pb in intron 4 (4b/4a VNTR - rs61722009) of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) on the drug response, we assessed the influence of this polymorphism for the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).
Methods: A case-control study, including 200 cases and 706 controls, was conducted in a Brazilian hospital complex. Cases were participants with UGIB diagnosis. Controls were participants admitted to surgical procedures not related to gastrointestinal problems. The 4b/4a VNTR was determined through polymerase chain reaction followed by fragment analysis. Conditional logistic regression models were designed. The additive interaction between the presence of the 4b/4a VNTR variant and the use of low-dose aspirin (LDA) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was calculated by fitting the Cox regression model through the parameters of Synergism index (S) and Relative Excess Risk Due To Interaction (RERI).
Results: The presence of the 4b/4a VNTR variant did not increase the risk of UGIB: carriers of the 4a/4a genotype (OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.09-1.45) and of the variant allele “4a” (OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.55-1.51). The risk of UGIB in LDA users carriers of the wild genotype (OR=4.96, 95%CI: 2.04- 2.06) and the variant allele “4a” (OR=3.49, 95%CI: 1.18-10.38) is similar, as well as for NSAID users carriers of the wild genotype (OR=5.73, 95%CI: 2.61-12.60) and variant allele “4a” (OR=5.51, 95%CI: 1.42-15.82). No additive interaction was identified between the presence of the genetic variant and the use of LDA [RERI: -1.44 (95%CI: -6.02–3.14; S: 0.63 (95%CI: -1.97–1.15)] and NSAIDs [RERI: -0.13 (95%CI: -6.79–6.53; S: 0.97 (95%CI: -0.23–4.19)] on the UGIB risk.
Conclusion: Our data suggests that there is no increase in the magnitude of UGIB risk in LDA and NSAIDs users’ carrying the variant allele “4a”.
Effect of Soil Physical Properties on Surface Runoff in Lukulo Upstream Watershed
Authors: Raharjo Puguh Dwi , Puswanto Eko , Winduhutomo Sueno , Al'Afif Mohammad , Wibowo Dimas Aryo , Yudaputra Angga 
Published: May 2022

Lukulo upstream watershed is one of the watersheds in Central Java Province, which passes through 3 districts; Kebumen, Wonosobo, and Banjarnegara. Lukulo upstream watershed has eight sub-watersheds located in areas with diverse topography and lithology. The diversity of topography and lithology affects the characteristics of the area, as does the physical condition of the soil. The physical condition of this soil affects the runoff. Soil’s physical properties control rainwater to run off and have important effects on runoff behavior in watersheds. This study aims to determine the physical properties of the soil against runoff in each sub-watershed and each part of the watershed. The method used uses a laboratory, studio, and field approach. The results obtained show that the physical properties of the soil in the Lukulo upstream watershed affect the amount of runoff resistance in the upstream area; in the downstream area the runoff is relatively good. The study also shows two different results. In the Loning watershed, the velocity of downstream runoff is higher than the upstream, while in the Lokidang and Medana watershed, level of surface water flow is lower in the downstream area.
An impact of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on human reproductive function
Authors: Garibidi E. V. , Shatunova E. P. , Fedorina T. A. , Garibidi D. E. 
Published: May 2022

The latest data on the impact of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on female and male reproductive health are reviewed. Pathological changes in organs and tissues of human reproduction system after COVID-19 as well as recommendations for rehabilitation of couples planning pregnancy after COVID-19 are discussed. Moreover, issues of the reproductive health resulting from altered psychologic status in women after COVID-19 were highlighted as well.
Quality of life and psychoemotional status in patients with external genital endometriosis
Authors: Begovich E. , Solopova A. G. , Khlopkova S. V. , Son E. A. , Idrisova L. E. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Chronic pain syndrome with external genital endometriosis (EGE) causes profound psychoemotional changes, anxiety disorders, decreased physical and social activity, general well-being and mood, sexual dysfunction, and as a consequence, deteriorated quality of patients' life.Aim: to study an influence of psychoemotional disorders on the quality of life of women with painful and painless forms of EGE.Material and Methods. There were enrolled 160 patients (110 women with painful and 50 with painless forms of EGE) of reproductive age with laparoscopically and morphologically verified diagnosis, according to the Revised American Fertility Society score (R-AFS) classification. Pain syndrome and psychoemotional status were assessed using various quality of life assessment questionnaires: Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). After surgical treatment, 8 patients refused to participate in the work (6 with painful form of EGE and 2 with painless form). Thus, 152 women passed all stages of the study. The patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence and/or absence of pain syndrome and tactics of the rehabilitation period ("active" or "passive"): group IA consisted of 49 (47.1 %) women with pain syndrome and "active" rehabilitation; group IБ – 55 (52.9 %) women with pain syndrome and "passive" rehabilitation tactics; group IIA – 23 (47.9 %) patients without pain syndrome and with "active" rehabilitation; group IIБ – 25 (52.1 %) patients without pain syndrome and with "passive" rehabilitation tactics.Results. It was found that painful vs. painless form of EGE differs by a more severe course of the disease and markedly decreased quality of life. In a comparative analysis of the four groups it was noted that women with "active" tactics of rehabilitation measures (IA and IIA) had a decrease in pain syndrome, improved emotional, social and sexual activity, decreased depression and anxiety scores as compared to the patients (IБ and IIБ) who underwent a set of rehabilitation measures within the National clinical guidelines.Conclusion. Timely diagnostics and correction of psychoemotional disorders will allow to develop a differentiated approach to provide specialized medical and psychological care and improve the quality of life of patients with EGE.
Prevention of recurrent fetal growth retardation in patients with circulating antiphospholipid antibodies and genetic thrombophilia
Authors: Orudzhova E. A. , Bitsadze V. O. , Tretyakova M. V. , Doronicheva D. A. , Yakubova F. 
Published: May 2022

Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in preventing recurrence of early and late fetal growth retardation (FGR) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and/or genetic thrombophilia.Materials and Methods. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted by examining 32 patients aged 23 to 43 years with a history of early and late II and III FGR as well as thrombophilia. Prevention protocol using LMWH and ASA was carried out from the pregravid period or early pregnancy. The control group included 35 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) were measured according to the Sydney antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) criteria by using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA): cardiolipin, β2-glycoprotein 1 and additionally antibodies to annexin V, prothrombin, etc. (IgG/IgM isotypes); lupus anticoagulant – by a three-stage method with Russell's viper venom; antithrombin III and protein C levels – by chromogenic method; prothrombin gene polymorphisms G20210A as well as factor V Leiden polymorphism – by chain reaction; homocysteine – by ELISA.Results. It was found that prevention protocol was effective in 78.1 % cases. FGR re-developed in 7 (21.9 %) pregnant women: in 2 (6.3 %) at 20 and 22 weeks, in 3 (9.4 %) at 30–32 weeks, in 2 (6.3 %) after 34 weeks of pregnancy. All these patients were found to have APA exceeding 40 U/ml with low dynamics of decline, 3 (9.4 %) were older than 35 years, 2 (6.3 %) had chronic kidney pathology and 1 (3.1 %) had a hypertension in the anamnesis.Conclusion. The use of LMWH and low-dose ASA starting from the pre-pregnancy period and early pregnancy as a part of complex therapy allows to effectively prevent re-development of FGR in patients with thrombophilia. In case of high APA titers, the use of LMWH and low-dose ASA may be ineffective, and alternative treatment methods in addition to anticoagulant therapy should be used to improve obstetric results.
Pengembangan Panduan Latihan Materi Pencak Silat Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif Menggunakan Bahasa Isyarat Siswa Tunarungu Tingkat Sabuk Hijau PSHT
Authors: Wahyunitasari Rizqi , Hariyanto Eko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Students with hearing impairment at the green belt level of PSHT in the Kandat branch of Kediri have difficulty understanding, understanding and memorizing the material of pencak silat, because of the limitations of the trainer in communicating and not using the media in its proper delivery. Therefore, this study aims to provide solutions to existing problems by developing interactive multimedia on pencak silat material assisted by sign language information to assist understanding, explanation and mastery of material for deaf students at the green belt level of PSHT in the Kandat branch of Kediri. Types of data analysis techniques using descriptive percentages. The results of the validation of the media expert were 92 percent, the validation of the martial arts experts was 86 percent, the sign language experts were 74 percent, and the field trials were 89 percent. So it can be concluded that the development of interactive multimedia-based pencak silat training guides using sign language for deaf students at the green belt level of PSHT Kandat branch of Kediri branch is very good and suitable for use.
Abstrak: Siswa tunarungu tingkat sabuk hijau PSHT ranting Kandat cabang Kediri mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami, mengerti dan menghafal materi- materi pencak silat, karena keterbatasan pelatih dalam berkomunikasi dan tidak menggunakan media dalam penyampaiannya yang tepat. Oleh dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi dari permasalahan yang ada dengan mengembangkan multimedia interaktif materi pencak silat dibantu dengan keterangan bahasa isyarat untuk membantu pemahaman, penjelasan serta penguasaan materi bagi siswa tunarungu tingkat sabuk hijau PSHT ranting Kandat cabang Kediri. Jenis teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif dengan persentase. Hasil dari validasi ahli media 92 persen, validasi dari ahli materi pencak silat 86 persen, ahli bahasa isyarat 74 persen, dan uji coba lapangan 89 persen. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan panduan latihan materi pencak silat berbasis multimedia interaktif menggunakan bahasa isyarat bagi siswa tunarungu tingkat sabuk hijau PSHT ranting Kandat cabang Kediri sangat baik dan layak untuk digunakan.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Animasi Teknik Cekikan Judo (Shime Waza) Berbasis Aplikasi Articulate Storyline
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Desy , Kurniawan Ari Wibowo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract: This study aims to spread a learning media in the form of an application-based animation video of the judo choking technique (shime waza), namely the articulate storyline. The research method is carried out using the Research and Development, development model research method. Analysis of data obtained from judo experts with percentage results as much as seventy-five percent, coaching experts with percentage results as much as fifty-eight percent, media experts with percentage results as much as ninety-six percent, small group trials using percentage results as much as eighty-seven percent. and large group trials using percentage results as much as ninety percent. It can be concluded that the development of an animated video learning media of the technique of choking judo (shime waza) based on the PJSI articulate storyline application in Pasuruan Regency is feasible to be used as a learning media.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk nenyebarkan sebuah media pembelajaran berupa video animasi teknik cekikan judo (shime waza) yang berbasis aplikasi yaitu articulate storyline. Metode penelitian yang dilaksanakan memakai metode penelitian model pengembangan Research and Development. Analisis data yang diperoleh dari pakar judo dengan hasil persentase sebanyak tujuh puluh lima persen, pakar kepelatihan dengan hasil persentase sebanyak lima puluh delapan persen, pakar media dengan hasil persentase sebanyak sembilan puluh enam persen, uji coba kelompok kecil menggunakan hasil persentase sebanyak delapan puluh tujuh persen dan uji coba kelompok besar menggunakan hasil persentase sebanyak sembilan puluh persen. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan berupa media pembelajaran video animasi teknik cekikan judo (shime waza) berbasis aplikasi articulate storyline PJSI di Kabupaten Pasuruan layak untuk dipakai menjadi media pembelajaran.