bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between postoperative hypoalbuminemia and postoperative pulmonary imaging abnormalities patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumors: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Da-wei , Zhao Feng-chun , Zhang Xu-yang , Wei Kai-yan , Jiang Yi-bin , Liu Dan , Zhang Shui-xian , Feng Hua , Hu Rong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHypoalbuminemia is associated with poor outcome in patients undergoing surgery intervention. The main aim for this study was to investigate the incidence and the risk factors of postoperative hypoalbuminemia and assessed the impact of postoperative hypoalbuminemia on complications in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. This retrospective study included 372 consecutive patients who underwent brain tumors surgery from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia (< 35 g/L) and non-hypoalbuminemia group (≥ 35 g/L) based on postoperative albumin levels. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors. Of the total 372 patients, 333 (89.5%) developed hypoalbuminemia after surgery. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with operation time (OR 1.011, P < 0.001), preoperative albumin (OR 0.864, P = 0.015) and peroperative globulin (OR 1.192, P = 0.004). Postoperative pulmonary imaging abnormalities had a higher incidence in patients with than without hypoalbuminemia (41.1% vs 23.1%, P = 0.029). The independent predictors of postoperative pulmonary imaging abnormalities were age (OR 1.053, P < 0.001), operation time (OR 1.003, P = 0.013) and lower postoperative albumin (OR 0.946, P = 0.018). Pulmonary imaging abnormalities [OR 19.862 (95% CI 2.546–154.936, P = 0.004)] was a novel independent predictors of postoperative pneumonia. Postoperative hypoalbuminemia has a higher incidence with the increase of operation time, and may be associated with postoperative complications in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.
Relative fat mass, a new index of adiposity, is strongly associated with incident heart failure: data from PREVEND
Authors: Suthahar Navin , Meems Laura M. G. , Withaar Coenraad , Gorter Thomas M. , Kieneker Lyanne M. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , de Boer Rudolf A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBody-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio are commonly used anthropometric indices of adiposity. However, over the past 10 years, several new anthropometric indices were developed, that more accurately correlated with body fat distribution and total fat mass. They include relative fat mass (RFM), body-roundness index (BRI), weight-adjusted-waist index and body-shape index (BSI). In the current study, we included 8295 adults from the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease) observational cohort (the Netherlands), and sought to examine associations of novel as well as established adiposity indices with incident heart failure (HF). The mean age of study population was 50 ± 13 years, and approximately 50% (n = 4134) were women. Over a 11 year period, 363 HF events occurred, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 3.88 per 1000 person-years. We found that all indices of adiposity (except BSI) were significantly associated with incident HF in the total population (P < 0.001); these associations were not modified by sex (P interaction > 0.1). Amongst adiposity indices, the strongest association was observed with RFM [hazard ratio (HR) 1.67 per 1 SD increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–2.04]. This trend persisted across multiple age groups and BMI categories, and across HF subtypes [HR: 1.76, 95% CI 1.26–2.45 for HF with preserved ejection fraction; HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.25–2.06 for HF with reduced ejection fraction]. We also found that all adiposity indices (except BSI) improved the fit of a clinical HF model; improvements were, however, most evident after adding RFM and BRI (reduction in Akaike information criteria: 24.4 and 26.5 respectively). In conclusion, we report that amongst multiple anthropometric indicators of adiposity, RFM displayed the strongest association with HF risk in Dutch community dwellers. Future studies should examine the value of including RFM in HF risk prediction models.
A randomized trial to determine the minimum effective lidocaine volume for median nerve block using hydrodissection
Authors: Dufour Eric , Jaziri Souhail , Novillo Marie Alice , Aubert Lila , Chambon Anne , Kutz Rainer , Vallée Alexandre , Fischler Marc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUltrasound-guided hydrodissection with 5% dextrose in water (DW5) creates a peri-nervous compartment, separating the nerve from the neighboring anatomical structures. The aim of this randomized study was to determine the minimum volume of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:200,000 required when using this technique to achieve an effective median nerve block at the elbow in 95% of patients (MEAV95). Fifty-two patients scheduled for elective hand surgery received an ultrasound-guided circumferential perineural injection of 4 ml DW5 and an injection of local anesthetic (LA) following a biased coin up-and-down sequential allocation method. A successful block was defined as a light touch completely suppressed on the two distal phalanges of the index finger within a 30-min evaluation period. The MEAV95 of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine was 4 ml [IQR 3.5–4.0]. Successful median nerve block was obtained in 38 cases (82.6%) with median onset time of 20.0 [10.0–21.2] minutes (95% CI 15–20). The analgesia duration was 248 [208–286] minutes (95% CI 222–276). Using an ultrasound-guided hydrodissection technique with DW5, the MEAV95 to block the median nerve at the elbow with 2% lidocaine with epinephrine was 4 ml [IQR 3.5–4.0]. This volume is close to that usually recommended in clinical practice.Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov. NCT02438657, Date of registration: May 8, 2015.
Validation of a combined ultrasound and bioluminescence imaging system with magnetic resonance imaging in orthotopic pancreatic murine tumors
Authors: Rojas Juan D. , Joiner Jordan B. , Velasco Brian , Bautista Kathlyne Jayne B. , Aji Adam M. , Moore Christopher J. , Beaumont Nathan J. , Pylayeva-Gupta Yuliya , Dayton Paul A. , Gessner Ryan C. , Czernuszewicz Tomasz J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreclinical mouse solid tumor models are widely used to evaluate efficacy of novel cancer therapeutics. Recent reports have highlighted the need for utilizing orthotopic implantation to represent clinical disease more accurately, however the deep tissue location of these tumors makes longitudinal assessment challenging without the use of imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new multi-modality high-throughput in vivo imaging system that combines bioluminescence imaging (BLI) with robotic, hands-free ultrasound (US) for evaluating orthotopic mouse models. Long utilized in cancer research as independent modalities, we hypothesized that the combination of BLI and US would offer complementary advantages of detection sensitivity and quantification accuracy, while mitigating individual technological weaknesses. Bioluminescent pancreatic tumor cells were injected into the pancreas tail of C57BL/6 mice and imaged weekly with the combination system and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to serve as a gold standard. BLI photon flux was quantified to assess tumor activity and distribution, and US and MRI datasets were manually segmented for gross tumor volume. Robotic US and MRI demonstrated a strong agreement (R2 = 0.94) for tumor volume measurement. BLI showed a weak overall agreement with MRI (R2 = 0.21), however, it offered the greatest sensitivity to detecting the presence of tumors. We conclude that combining BLI with robotic US offers an efficient screening tool for orthotopic tumor models.
Ablation of VLA4 in multiple myeloma cells redirects tumor spread and prolongs survival
Authors: Hathi Deep , Chanswangphuwana Chantiya , Cho Nicholas , Fontana Francesca , Maji Dolonchampa , Ritchey Julie , O’Neal Julie , Ghai Anchal , Duncan Kathleen , Akers Walter J. , Fiala Mark , Vij Ravi , DiPersio John F. , Rettig Michael , Shokeen Monica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of bone marrow (BM) plasma cells, which is increasingly treatable but still incurable. In 90% of MM patients, severe osteolysis results from pathological interactions between MM cells and the bone microenvironment. Delineating specific molecules and pathways for their role in cancer supportive interactions in the BM is vital for developing new therapies. Very Late Antigen 4 (VLA4, integrin α4β1) is a key player in cell–cell adhesion and signaling between MM and BM cells. We evaluated a VLA4 selective near infrared fluorescent probe, LLP2A-Cy5, for in vitro and in vivo optical imaging of VLA4. Furthermore, two VLA4-null murine 5TGM1 MM cell (KO) clones were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the Itga4 (α4) subunit, which induced significant alterations in the transcriptome. In contrast to the VLA4+ 5TGM1 parental cells, C57Bl/KaLwRij immunocompetent syngeneic mice inoculated with the VLA4-null clones showed prolonged survival, reduced medullary disease, and increased extramedullary disease burden. The KO tumor foci showed significantly reduced uptake of LLP2A-Cy5, confirming in vivo specificity of this imaging agent. This work provides new insights into the pathogenic role of VLA4 in MM, and evaluates an optical tool to measure its expression in preclinical models.
Use and safety of prophylactic endoscopy from a single center serving urban and rural children with portal hypertension
Authors: Slowik Voytek , Bernardez Anissa , Wasserkrug Heather , Fischer Ryan T. , Daniel James F. , Grammatikopoulos Tassos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProphylactic endoscopy is routine in adults with portal hypertension (PHTN), but there is limited data in pediatrics. We sought to describe our experience with prophylactic endoscopy in pediatric PHTN. This is a retrospective study of 87 children who began surveillance endoscopy prior to gastrointestinal bleeding (primary prophylaxis) and 52 who began after an episode of bleeding (secondary prophylaxis) from 01/01/1994 to 07/01/2019. Patients who underwent primary prophylaxis had a lower mean number of endoscopies (3.897 vs 6.269, p = 0.001). The primary prophylaxis group was less likely to require a portosystemic shunt (6% vs 15%, p < 0.001) with no difference in immediate complications (1% vs 2%, p = 0.173) or 2-week complications (1% vs 2%, p = 0.097). No deaths were related to variceal bleeding or endoscopy. Kaplan–Meier Survival Curve suggests improved transplant and shunt free survival in the primary prophylaxis group (log-rank p < 0.001). Primary and secondary endoscopic prophylaxis should be considered safe for the prevention of variceal hemorrhage in pediatric portal hypertension. There are differences in outcomes in primary and secondary prophylaxis, but unclear if this is due to patient characteristics versus treatment strategy. Further study is needed to compare safety and efficacy to watchful waiting.
Modelling a new approach for radio-ablation after resection of breast ductal carcinoma in-situ based on the BAT-90 medical device
Authors: Sarnelli Anna , Negrini Matteo , Mezzenga Emilio , Feliciani Giacomo , D’Arienzo Marco , Amato Antonino , Paganelli Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe majority of local recurrences, after conservative surgery of breast cancer, occurs in the same anatomical area where the tumour was originally located. For the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a new medical device, named BAT-90, (BetaGlue Technologies SpA) has been proposed. BAT-90 is based on the administration of 90Y β-emitting microspheres, embedded in a bio-compatible matrix. In this work, the Geant4 simulation toolkit is used to simulate BAT-90 as a homogenous cylindrical 90Y layer placed in the middle of a bulk material. The activity needed to deliver a 20 Gy isodose at a given distance z from the BAT-90 layer is calculated for different device thicknesses, tumour bed sizes and for water and adipose bulk materials. A radiobiological analysis has been performed using both the Poisson and logistic Tumour Control Probability (TCP) models. A range of radiobiological parameters (α and β), target sizes, and densities of tumour cells were considered. Increasing α values, TCP increases too, while, for a fixed α value, TCP decreases as a function of clonogenic cell density. The models predict very solid results in case of limited tumour burden while the activity/dose ratio could be further optimized in case of larger tumour beds.
The impact of bariatric surgery on serum tryptophan–kynurenine pathway metabolites
Authors: Yeung Kai Tai Derek , Penney Nicholas , Whiley Luke , Ashrafian Hutan , Lewis Matthew R. , Purkayastha Sanjay , Darzi Ara , Holmes Elaine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aims to explore the immediate effects of bariatric surgery on serum tryptophan–kynurenine pathway metabolites in individuals with type 2 diabetes and BMI > 30. With the goal of providing insight into the link between tryptophan pathway metabolites, type 2 diabetes, and chronic obesity-induced inflammation. This longitudinal study included 20 participants. Half were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. 11 and 9 underwent RYGB and SG respectively. Blood samples were obtained at pre-operative and 3 months post-operative timepoints. Tryptophan and downstream metabolites of the kynurenine pathway were quantified with an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation method. At 3 months post-operation, RYGB led to significant reductions in tryptophan, kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid levels when compared to baseline. Significant reductions of the same metabolites after surgery were also observed in individuals with T2D irrespective of surgical procedure. These metabolites were significantly correlated with serum HbA1c levels and BMI. Bariatric surgery, in particular RYGB reduces serum levels of tryptophan and its downstream kynurenine metabolites. These metabolites are associated with T2D and thought to be potentially mechanistic in the systemic processes of obesity induced inflammation leading to insulin resistance. Its reduction after surgery is associated with an improvement in glycaemic control (HbA1c).
A generalized strain approach to anisotropic elasticity
Authors: Shariff M. H. B. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work proposes a generalized Lagrangian strain function $$f_\alpha$$

f
α

(that depends on modified stretches) and a volumetric strain function $$g_\alpha$$

g
α

(that depends on the determinant of the deformation tensor) to characterize isotropic/anisotropic strain energy functions. With the aid of a spectral approach, the single-variable strain functions enable the development of strain energy functions that are consistent with their infinitesimal counterparts, including the development of a strain energy function for the general anisotropic material that contains the general 4th order classical stiffness tensor. The generality of the single-variable strain functions sets a platform for future development of adequate specific forms of the isotropic/anisotropic strain energy function; future modellers only require to construct specific forms of the functions $$f_\alpha$$

f
α

and $$g_\alpha$$

g
α

to model their strain energy functions. The spectral invariants used in the constitutive equation have a clear physical interpretation, which is attractive, in aiding experiment design and the construction of specific forms of the strain energy. Some previous strain energy functions that appeared in the literature can be considered as special cases of the proposed generalized strain energy function. The resulting constitutive equations can be easily converted, to allow the mechanical influence of compressed fibres to be excluded or partial excluded and to model fibre dispersion in collagenous soft tissues. Implementation of the constitutive equations in Finite Element software is discussed. The suggested crude specific strain function forms are able to fit the theory well with experimental data and managed to predict several sets of experimental data.
Human IgE does not bind to human FcRn
Authors: Brinkhaus Maximilian , van der Kooi Elvera J. , Bentlage Arthur E. H. , Ooijevaar-de Heer Pleuni , Derksen Ninotska I. L. , Rispens Theo , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is known to mediate placental transfer of IgG from mother to unborn. IgE is widely known for triggering immune responses to environmental antigens. Recent evidence suggests FcRn-mediated transplacental passage of IgE during pregnancy. However, direct interaction of FcRn and IgE was not investigated. Here, we compared binding of human IgE and IgG variants to recombinant soluble human FcRn with β2-microglobulin (sFcRn) in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at pH 7.4 and pH 6.0. No interaction was found between human IgE and human sFcRn. These results imply that FcRn can only transport IgE indirectly, and thereby possibly transfer allergenic sensitivity from mother to fetus.
OpenWeedLocator (OWL): an open-source, low-cost device for fallow weed detection
Authors: Coleman Guy , Salter William , Walsh Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe use of a fallow phase is an important tool for maximizing crop yield potential in moisture limited agricultural environments, with a focus on removing weeds to optimize fallow efficiency. Repeated whole field herbicide treatments to control low-density weed populations is expensive and wasteful. Site-specific herbicide applications to low-density fallow weed populations is currently facilitated by proprietary, sensor-based spray booms. The use of image analysis for fallow weed detection is an opportunity to develop a system with potential for in-crop weed recognition. Here we present OpenWeedLocator (OWL), an open-source, low-cost and image-based device for fallow weed detection that improves accessibility to this technology for the weed control community. A comprehensive GitHub repository was developed, promoting community engagement with site-specific weed control methods. Validation of OWL as a low-cost tool was achieved using four, existing colour-based algorithms over seven fallow fields in New South Wales, Australia. The four algorithms were similarly effective in detecting weeds with average precision of 79% and recall of 52%. In individual transects up to 92% precision and 74% recall indicate the performance potential of OWL in fallow fields. OWL represents an opportunity to redefine the approach to weed detection by enabling community-driven technology development in agriculture.
Multistable autonomous motion of fruit on a smooth hotplate
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Promode R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrigin of scale coupling may be clarified by the understanding of multistability, or shifts between stable points via unstable equilibrium points due to a stimulus. When placed on a glasstop hotplate, cobs of corn underwent multistable autonomous oscillation, with unsteady viscous lubrication below and transitional plumes above, where the buoyancy to inertia force ratio is close to ≥ 1.0. Subsequently, viscous wall-frictional multistability occurred in six more types of smooth fruit with nominal symmetry. Autonomous motion observed are: cobs roll, pitch and yaw; but green chillies, blueberries, tropical berries, red grapes, oblong grapes and grape tomatoes roll and yaw. The cross products of the orthogonal angular momentum produce the observed motion. The prevalence of roll and yaw motion are the most common. Lubricant film thickness h$$\propto$$
∝
U/(TF), for cob mass F, tangential velocity U and temperature T. In heavier cobs, the film thins, breaking frequently, changing stability. Lighter cobs have high h, favoring positive feedback and more spinning: more T rises, more viscosity of water drops, increasing U and h more, until cooling onsets. Infrequent popping of the tender corn kernel has the same mean sound pressure level as in hard popcorn. The plume vortex jets lock-in to the autonomous rolling cob oscillation. Away from any solid surface, the hot-cold side boundary produces plumes slanted at ± 45°. Surface fencing (13–26 μm high) appears to control motion drift.
Phenethylamine is a substrate of monoamine oxidase B in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus
Authors: Obata Youhei , Kubota-Sakashita Mie , Kasahara Takaoki , Mizuno Masafumi , Nemoto Takahiro , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMonoamine oxidase (MAO) is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters and trace amines. MAO has two subtypes (MAO-A and MAO-B) that are encoded by different genes. In the brain, MAO-B is highly expressed in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT); however, its substrate in PVT remains unclear. To identify the MAO-B substrate in PVT, we generated Maob knockout (KO) mice and measured five candidate substrates (i.e., noradrenaline, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, serotonin, and phenethylamine [PEA]) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We showed that only PEA levels were markedly elevated in the PVT of Maob KO mice. To exclude the influence of peripheral MAO-B deficiency, we developed brain-specific Maob KO mice, finding that PEA in the PVT was increased in brain-specific Maob KO mice, whereas the extent of PEA increase was less than that in global Maob KO mice. Given that plasma PEA levels were elevated in global KO mice, but not in brain–specific KO mice, and that PEA passes across the blood–brain barrier, the substantial accumulation of PEA in the PVT of Maob KO mice was likely due to the increase in plasma PEA. These data suggest that PEA is a substrate of MAO-B in the PVT as well as other tissues.
Light sheet based volume flow cytometry (VFC) for rapid volume reconstruction and parameter estimation on the go
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Joshi Prakash , Basumatary Jigmi , Mondal Partha Pratim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptical imaging is paramount for disease diagnosis and to access its progression over time. The proposed optical flow imaging (VFC/iLIFE) is a powerful technique that adds new capabilities (3D volume visualization, organelle-level resolution, and multi-organelle screening) to the existing system. Unlike state-of-the-art point-illumination-based biomedical imaging techniques, the sheet-based VFC technique is capable of single-shot sectional visualization, high throughput interrogation, real-time parameter estimation, and instant volume reconstruction with organelle-level resolution of live specimens. The specimen flow system was realized on a multichannel (Y-type) microfluidic chip that enables visualization of organelle distribution in several cells in-parallel at a relatively high flow-rate (2000 nl/min). The calibration of VFC system requires the study of point emitters (fluorescent beads) at physiologically relevant flow-rates (500–2000 nl/min) for determining flow-induced optical aberration in the system point spread function (PSF). Subsequently, the recorded raw images and volumes were computationally deconvolved with flow-variant PSF to reconstruct the cell volume. High throughput investigation of the mitochondrial network in HeLa cancer cell was carried out at sub-cellular resolution in real-time and critical parameters (mitochondria count and size distribution, morphology, entropy, and cell strain statistics) were determined on-the-go. These parameters determine the physiological state of cells, and the changes over-time, revealing the metastatic progression of diseases. Overall, the developed VFC system enables real-time monitoring of sub-cellular organelle organization at a high-throughput with high-content capacity.