bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of sex in the association between cannabis use and working memory‐related brain activity
Authors: Kroon Emese , Kuhns Lauren N. , Kaag Anne Marije , Filbey Francesca , Cousijn Janna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough cannabis use patterns differ between men and women, studies on sex differences on the effects of cannabis on the brain and cognitive control are largely lacking. Working memory (WM) is a component of cognitive control believed to be involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. In this study, we evaluated the association between cannabis use and WM (load) related brain activity in a large sample, enabling us to assess sex effects in this association. The brain activity of 104 frequent cannabis users (63% men) and 85 controls (53% men) was recorded during an N‐back WM task. Behavioral results showed a significant interaction between WM load and group for both accuracy and reaction time, with cannabis users showing a relatively larger decrease in performance with increasing WM load. Cannabis users compared to controls showed a relatively smaller reduction in WM (load) related activity in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex at higher WM load. This WM (load) related activity was not associated with performance nor cannabis use and related problems. An exploratory analysis showed higher WM‐related activity in the superior frontal gyrus in men compared to women. While cannabis users showed higher WM (load) related activity in central nodes of the default mode network, this was not directly attributable to group specific worsening of performance under higher cognitive load. Further research is necessary to assess whether observed group differences increase with higher cognitive load, how group differences relate to measures of cannabis use, and how sex affects these group differences.
Llama and sheep ruminal fluid digestive capacity by in vitro gas production technique
Authors: Ortiz‐Chura Abimael , Wawrzkiewicz Marisa , Cravero Silvio , Fernández Pepi María Gabriela , Cerón‐Cucchi María Esperanza , Jaurena Gustavo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe in vitro gas production technique has been used to evaluate forage fermentation kinetics. However, individual and animal species variation can change fermentation patterns due to differences in ruminal environment and microbiota. The aim was to verify whether rumen inoculum (RI) of llama had superior intrinsic digestion capacity and reduced methane (CH4) production compared to sheep RI using fescue and paspalum hay as substrates.RESULTSDry and organic matter (OM) digestibility produced with llama RI tended to exceed that of sheep (P = 0.099 and 0.074, respectively) at 24 h of incubation. However, at 48 h, the sheep RI presented higher substrate digestibility and asymptotic value of gas production than that of llama (P < 0.010). CH4 production showed no differences between RI or substrates (P > 0.050). The NH3‐N and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were greater in the RI of llamas compared to those of sheep (P < 0.050). Acetate and butyrate proportions and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio were greater in the RI of llamas compared to those of sheep (P < 0.001) at 24 and 48 h. However, propionate proportion was greater in sheep compared with llama (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONLlama RI tended to surpass that of sheep in dry and OM digestibility at 24 h of incubation, but sheep RI at 48 h presented a higher digestibility and gas production value than llama RI. No differences between the two species were detected for CH4 production. This study showed that llama RI did not perform better than sheep RI in digesting low‐quality forages. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Catechin and Furfurylamine Derived Biobased Benzoxazine with Latent‐Catalyst Effect
Authors: Mukherjee Sourav , Amarnath Nagarjuna , Ramkumar Malavika , Lochab Bimlesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSustainable polybenzoxazines sourced from renewable feedstock has emerged as an area of interest due to the inherent presence of a high number of reactive and additional functionalities. Plants are a rich source of flavan‐3‐ol viz., catechin (CAT) with four phenolic‐OH and one aliphatic secondary‐OH that can be a viable substitute to petro‐phenols. In this current work, a biobased benzoxazine monomer, viz. CAT‐fa, is synthesized using CAT and carbohydrate sourced furfurylamine (fa). Interestingly, an unexpected tris‐oxazine (instead of tetra‐oxazine) benzoxazine monomer is obtained. The unreacted phenolic‐OH is involved in intramolecular H‐bonding with the neighboring oxazine ring. Upon heat treatment, H‐bonded hydroxyl groups become free and initiate ring‐opening polymerization reaction at a low temperature of ≈125 °C exhibiting the latent catalyst effect. The ring‐opening polymerization of the monomer and the thermal stability of polybenzoxazine are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, rheometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polymerization reaction is proposed to proceed by the ring‐opening reaction by cleavage at the oxygen of the pyran ring and O─CH2N bond in oxazine ring to generate multiple polar functionalities to enable extensive H‐bonding interactions. This work supports the potential of catechin as a green synthon to form sustainable polymers to employ H‐bonding interactions and latent‐catalytic potential.
Regulating the Crystallization Morphology of Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) Ultrathin Film by Changing Temperature and Substrate
Authors: Xiao Yaoxin , Bao Yu , Liu Yu , Xu Jinjiang , Zhang Aimin , Zhu Chunhua , Cui Shuxun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe crystalline component and crystallization morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐CTFE)) ultrathin film have been investigated. The CTFE segment has been characterized as the crystal composition of the film. For the film on the Si substrate, the nucleation behavior is dominated by homogeneous nucleation to form edge‐on lamellae in the initial stage of crystal nucleation growth. The edge‐on lamella will continue to grow at high crystallization temperature (Tc). However, it will be transformed into flat‐on lamellae at low Tc. For the film on Au substrate, the primary nucleation rate of the layer near the film surface has a competitive relationship when compared with the primary nucleation rate of the layer near the film/substrate interface. The nucleation behavior is preferentially dominated by heterogeneous nucleation to form flat‐on lamellae at high Tc. But it is conducive to homogeneous nucleation to form edge‐on lamellae at low Tc. Further investigation suggests that the different crystalline morphologies of P(VDF‐CTFE) ultrathin film obtained on Au and Si surfaces are closely related to the different interface effects between the film and the substrates. It is anticipated that this study will cast new light on the rational regulation of the morphologies of ultrathin films.
Recombinant Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) delivering nanobodies against Clostridium perfringens NetB and alpha toxin confers potential protection from necrotic enteritis
Authors: Gangaiah Dharanesh , Ryan Valerie , Van Hoesel Daphne , Mane Shrinivasrao P. , Mckinley Enid T. , Lakshmanan Nallakannu , Reddy Nandakumar D. , Dolk Edward , Kumar Arvind 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is an intestinal disease with devastating economic losses to the poultry industry. NE is a complex disease and predisposing factors that compromise gut integrity are required to facilitate C. perfringens proliferation and toxin production. NE is also characterized by drastic shifts in gut microbiota; C. perfringens is negatively correlated with Lactobacilli. Vaccines are only partially effective against NE and antibiotics suffer from the concern of resistance development. These strategies address only some aspects of NE pathogenesis. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies that address multiple aspects of NE biology. Here, we developed Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri vectors for in situ delivery of nanobodies against NetB and α toxin, two key toxins associated with NE pathophysiology. We generated nanobodies and showed that these nanobodies neutralize NetB and α toxin. We selected L. reuteri vector strains with intrinsic benefits and demonstrated that these strains inhibit C. perfringens and secrete over 130 metabolites, some of which play a key role in maintaining gut health. Recombinant L. reuteri strains efficiently secreted nanobodies and these nanobodies neutralized NetB. The recombinant strains were genetically and phenotypically stable over 480 generations and showed persistent colonization in chickens. A two‐dose in ovo and drinking water administration of recombinant L. reuteri strains protected chickens from NE‐associated mortality. These results provide proof‐of‐concept data for using L. reuteri as a live vector for delivery of nanobodies with broad applicability to other targets and highlight the potential synergistic effects of vector strains and nanobodies for addressing complex diseases such as NE.
Manganese ore exploration using electrical resistivity and induced polarization methods in Central Belt, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zaid Hussein Ahmed Hasan , Arifin Mohd Hariri , Hussin Hamzah , Basori Mohd Basril Iswadi , Umor Mohd Rozi , Hazim Suraya Hilmi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTGeophysical survey techniques were carried out to identify the potential zones of manganese ore in Central Peninsular Malaysia. Electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization (IP) geoelectrical methods have been used to identify the metal distribution and mineralization zones. Five geoelectrical survey profiles were deployed at the proposed site using pole–dipole array in the W–E direction with lengths of 400 m and 800 m. The results of the resistivity and IP inversion indicate the presence of well‐correlated low resistivity (≤ 200 Ωm) and high chargeability zones (≥ 10 ms) embedded in the varied weathered host rock as massive and disseminated ore bodies. The 3‐D maps generated enabled the delineation of the conductive bodies orientation and mineral of interest distribution. Results of the geochemical analysis contributed to validating the site as a potential mineralized zone with a high concentration of manganese. The study suggests further geophysical investigations in the southern segment of the research area to produce a more consistent image of the subsurface structures, and conclusively identifying the extension of mineral deposits for the purpose of ore prospecting to aid drilling operations.
Distributed time‐varying convex optimal consensus control for multi‐agent system with/without chattering restrain
Authors: Li Haoran , Zhu Yakun , Zhao Xiong , Huang Bomin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, the consensus, collision avoidance, and distributed convex optimization problems of a class of multi‐agent systems with a time‐varying objective function are studied. Moreover, the proposed method in this article can reduce the chattering problem of the controller input caused by the sign function. First, the sign function is used to design the controller to improve the convergence rate of the system, on this basis, the optimization item is designed for the more complex time‐varying objective function to ensure that the value of the objective function is the smallest when the system achieves the speed consensus. Second, considering the chattering problem caused by the sign function, the designed controller is improved to reduce the chattering phenomenon. Third, two novel Lyapunov functions are constructed to verify the stability of the system and the distributed optimization objective. Due to the controller is designed for the time‐varying objective function, moreover, the tasks of the formation and collision avoidance are needed to take into account, therefore, the designed Lyapunov functions in this article are more difficult. Finally, the formation function is designed to ensure that the multi‐agent system achieves the desired formation configuration. The simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical design of this article and the superiority in extending the running time of the system.
Tribological and compressive creep properties of polytetrafluoroethylene/nickel‐titanium shape memory alloy composites
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Wu Shuai , Jia Xiaofeng , Ling Yanli , Dai Yuanjing , Zhang Chenhui , Luo Jianbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to improving the reliability and service life of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites. Micro nickel‐titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi) particles were incorporated with PTFE powder to develop the PTFE composites by using filling modification technology. Herein, 25 kinds of PTFE composites with different contents of micro NiTi particles were prepared, of which the tribological and compressive creep properties were investigated in detail considering the factors such as the NiTi content (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%), cold‐pressed pressure(10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 MPa), and tested conditions(10 N, 10 Hz, 6 mm, 20 min). The filled different contents of NiTi particles could effectively enhance the compressive strength and creep resistance of PTFE composites, and the creep resistance would be notably improved by about 60% at elevated temperature. NiTi particles, as hard particles, did not increase the coefficient of friction (COF) of PTFE composites, and the lowest COF is 0.139. When the NiTi content is 50 wt%, the reduction of wear rate is 74% compared to pure PTFE. Indicating that NiTi particle fillers would significantly reduce the wear rate of PTFE materials and improve its anti‐wear performance. The research shows that NiTi could effectively improve the mechanical properties and tribological properties of PTFE composites, which provides a new idea for the selection of equipment sealing materials.
Fabrication of a Metal‐Organic Framework Composite Modified with Biomass Activated Carbon (BAC) and Functionalized with NH2 for Efficient p‐Nitrophenol Adsorption
Authors: Shi Shunjie , Cui Yanyan , Jiang Nan , Jiang Bolong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a class of low‐cost, hydrophobic commercial activated carbon (AC) and biomass activated carbon (BAC) modified, NH2 functionalized NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@(B)AC adsorbents with different AC loading (0∼15 %) was prepared via taking advantages of the MIL‐53(Al), (B)AC−NH2 group. The as‐prepared composites were used for phenolic adsorption. The results indicated that the removal rate of para‐nitrophenol (PNP) over NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@AC‐10 % was 83.6 %, which is improved by 40.1 % when compared to that of parent NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) (59.4 %). This shows that combination of NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) with AC is an efficient approach to develop an adsorbent with remarkable adsorption capacity. The outstanding adsorption performance of NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@AC adsorbent originated from the increased surface area and pore structure as well as modified surface property owing to the cooperation of NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) and AC. When BAC was fabricated on NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) instead of AC, the removal rate was further increased to 95.5 %. The adsorption capacity for PNP over NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@BAC‐10 % is 181 mg g−1 in low concentration range (co=75∼300 mg L−1), which is superior to those reported in most literature. The mechanism for the strong adsorption performance of PNP onto NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@(B)AC related to the π‐π and acid‐base interactions, and hydrophobic effect.
Where the stars still shine: Some effects of star‐performers‐turned‐managers on organizational performance
Authors: Kim Jongsoo , Makadok Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch summaryDo former star performers become superior managers? If so, why? Using performance data from a professional sports league, this study finds that organizational performance is greater under star‐performers‐turned‐managers (SPTMs) than other managers. We develop a typology of six causal mechanisms by which SPTMs might affect organizational performance, and we indirectly test for each of them using data from a professional sports league. Our results indicate that SPTMs outperform other managers, and that this benefit is due to their role modeling and their superior ability to train and incentivize subordinates.Managerial summaryOrganizations are often, but not always, led by managers who previously achieved outstanding performance in an individual contributor role. Do such star‐performers‐turned‐managers (SPTMs) benefit an organization's performance more than other managers? If so, why? Our statistical analysis finds that National Basketball Association (NBA) teams managed by head coaches who had previously been All‐Star NBA players win games more often than other NBA teams, and also that this effect is due to a combination of SPTMs serving as a role model for their players, as well as training and incentivizing their players better.
Production of bio‐fertilizer by biotransformation of poultry waste enriched with molasses and algae
Authors: Ozi Fatima Zahra , Boutaleb Nadia , Hadidi Meryem , Bahlaouan Bouchaib , Bennani Mohamed , Silkina Alla , El Antri Said 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research work consists on valorizing poultry waste by biotransformation into biofertilizers, associating this agro‐industrial waste with algae (abundant natural resources) and molasses (a by‐product of the sugar refining industry) ensuring a good contribution of nutritional chemical elements and obtaining a balanced formulation. A total of seven different formulations of the above three components, were examined in a simplex centroid design. A fungal inoculum of Aspergillus niger was used as a fermentation agent for better quality of biotransformation. The monitoring of this biotransformation is ensured during 15 days by following the evolution of physicochemical and microbiological parameters and, to understand the bioconversion of the simple compounds of the biofertilizer mixture such as short aliphatic chains, sugar, and amino acids into soluble mineral compounds, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out before and after biotransformation. Finally, germination and fertilization tests were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the final product on a barley crop. The overall results of the present study showed that the mixture which contained 68.75% poultry waste, 12.5% molasses, and 18.75% algae presented the better microbiological and chemical safety criteria required for a good biofertilizer according to NF U44‐551 standard.
The new Australian Consumer Data Right: An exemplary model for Open Banking
Authors: Sullivan Clare 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA significant new data right has emerged in Australia against the background of the opening the economy to new types of third‐party providers (TPPs) and allowing them to have lawful access to consumer banking, transaction, and other financial data held by banks and other institutions. This is done by using application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable networking of customer data and payments across institutions and providers. The developments in Australia are notable for two reasons. First, Australia is standardizing sharing of data and services through the opening and integration of traditional systems, beginning with Open Banking, and next extending to the energy and telecommunications sectors , and eventually economy‐wide. Second, Australia has established a rights‐based approach that is founded on a newly created data right, the Consumer Data Right (CDR) that applies to both individuals and businesses. This article examines the Australian CDR approach to Open Banking and contrasts it with the more widely adopted E.U. Open Banking model especially as it related to consumer consent.This article is categorized under:
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Introduction: Revisiting Networks: Setting the Conceptual and Methodological Scene
Authors: Ryan Louise , Eve Michael , Keskiner Elif 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of how migrant networks have been researched and theorised. In so doing, we highlight some persistent gaps in knowledge about how migrants, and their descendants, forge networks and generate particular kinds of resources, especially in accessing the labour market and developing careers, and we explain how the chapters of this book tackle these issues. By looking not only at migrants but also at the second generation, we reflect on opportunities, but also enduring inequalities, and the ways in which networks may be mobilised to support employment strategies across different sectors and in different European countries.The chapter discusses the importance of disentangling social capital and social networks. Relatedly, we discuss the need to look beyond the ethnic lens and simple binaries of ‘bonding’ versus ‘bridging’ capital, to explore how ties to different kinds of actors, in varied social positions, may facilitate or indeed hinder career development. Referring to new empirical data and theoretically informed analysis, in the various chapters of this book, we build upon but also complicate understanding of ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ ties, not as fixed ties, but rather as a continuum of dynamic relationships that may ebb and flow over time.In the concluding section, we highlight the contribution of this book and also consider the need for further cross-fertilisation of conceptual and empirical innovations beyond migration studies to avoid a silo-effect in social network research.
The Direct and Indirect Role of Migrants’ Networks in Accessing Diverse Labour Market Sectors: An Analysis of the Weak/Strong Ties Continuum
Authors: Ryan Louise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMuch has been written about how migrants may utilise social networks to access jobs. Nevertheless, gaps remain in our understanding of how skills, labour market sectors, education level, language proficiency, etc. may influence the relationship between network ties and employment opportunities. Moreover, it is important to adopt a temporal perspective to understand change over time (Ryan L, D’Angelo A, Soc Netw 53:148–158, 2018). Strategies adopted to initially access the labour market, in a new destination, may differ from how employment seeking trajectories develop as migrants become more familiar with local contexts and gain relevant work-experience. This chapter draws upon interviews with diverse migrants, in London, across varied public and private sectors jobs. Beyond a simple binary of strong versus weak ties, I build upon my analytical framework (Ryan L, Sociol Rev, 59(4):707–724, 2011; Ryan L, Sociol Rev, 64(4):951–969, 2016), I explore the relationships within ties, the flow of resources and the relative social location of the actors vertically and horizontally. In so doing, this chapter aims to contribute to understanding migrant networks in three key ways. (1) How migrants’ networks operate both directly and indirectly in job seeking strategies and career development. (2) How the role of networks may differ across varied labour market sectors. (3) How weak and strong ties can be conceptualised as a continuum of dynamic relationships.