bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meshlets and How to Shade Them: A Study on Texture‐Space Shading
Authors: Neff T. , Mueller J. H. , Steinberger M. , Schmalstieg D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCommonly used image‐space layouts of shading points, such as used in deferred shading, are strictly view‐dependent, which restricts efficient caching and temporal amortization. In contrast, texture‐space layouts can represent shading on all surface points and can be tailored to the needs of a particular application. However, the best grouping of shading points—which we call a shading unit—in texture space remains unclear. Choices of shading unit granularity (how many primitives or pixels per unit) and in shading unit parametrization (how to assign texture coordinates to shading points) lead to different outcomes in terms of final image quality, overshading cost, and memory consumption. Among the possible choices, shading units consisting of larger groups of scene primitives, so‐called meshlets, remain unexplored as of yet. In this paper, we introduce a taxonomy for analyzing existing texture‐space shading methods based on the group size and parametrization of shading units. Furthermore, we introduce a novel texture‐space layout strategy that operates on large shading units: the meshlet shading atlas. We experimentally demonstrate that the meshlet shading atlas outperforms previous approaches in terms of image quality, run‐time performance and temporal upsampling for a given number of fragment shader invocations. The meshlet shading atlas lends itself to work together with popular cluster‐based rendering of meshes with high geometric detail.
A‐ULMPM: An Adaptively Updated Lagrangian Material Point Method for Efficient Physics Simulation without Numerical Fracture
Authors: Su Haozhe , Xue Tao , Han Chengguizi , Aanjaneya Mridul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present an adaptively updated Lagrangian Material Point Method (A‐ULMPM) to alleviate non‐physical artifacts, such as the cell‐crossing instability and numerical fracture, that plague state‐of‐the‐art Eulerian formulations of MPM, while still allowing for large deformations that arise in fluid simulations. A‐ULMPM spans MPM discretizations from total Lagrangian formulations to Eulerian formulations. We design an easy‐to‐implement physics‐based criterion that allows A‐ULMPM to update the reference configuration adaptively for measuring physical states, including stress, strain, interpolation kernels and their derivatives. For better efficiency and conservation of angular momentum, we further integrate the APIC [JSS*15] and MLS‐MPM [HFG*18] formulations in A‐ULMPM by augmenting the accuracy of velocity rasterization using both the local velocity and its first‐order derivatives. Our theoretical derivations use a nodal discretized Lagrangian, instead of the weak form discretization in MLS‐MPM [HFG*!!18], and naturally lead to a “modified” MLS‐MPM in A‐ULMPM, which can recover MLS‐MPM using a completely Eulerian formulation. A‐ULMPM does not require significant changes to traditional Eulerian formulations of MPM, and is computationally more efficient since it only updates interpolation kernels and their derivatives during large topology changes. We present end‐to‐end 3D simulations of stretching and twisting hyperelastic solids, viscous flows, splashing liquids, and multi‐material interactions with large deformations to demonstrate the efficacy of our new method.
Vectorizing Line Drawings of Arbitrary Thickness via Boundary‐based Topology Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Zibo , Liu Xueting , Li Chengze , Wu Huisi , Wen Zhenkun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVectorization is a commonly used technique for converting raster images to vector format and has long been a research focus in computer graphics and vision. While a number of attempts have been made to extract the topology of line drawings and further convert them to vector representations, the existing methods commonly focused on resolving junctions composed of thin lines. They usually fail for line drawings composed of thick lines, especially at junctions. In this paper, we propose an automatic line drawing vectorization method that can reconstruct the topology of line drawings of arbitrary thickness. Our key observation is that no matter the lines are thin or thick, the boundaries of the lines always provide reliable hints for reconstructing the topology. For example, the boundaries of two continuous line segments at a junction are usually smoothly connected. By analyzing the continuity of boundaries, we can better analyze the topology at junctions. In particular, we first extract the skeleton of the input line drawing via thinning. Then we analyze the reliability of the skeleton points based on boundaries. Reliable skeleton points are preserved while unreliable skeleton points are reconstructed based on boundaries again. Finally, the skeleton after reconstruction is vectorized as the output. We apply our method on line drawings of various contents and styles. Satisfying results are obtained. Our method significantly outperforms existing methods for line drawings composed of thick lines.
Computational Design of Kinesthetic Garments
Authors: Vechev V. , Zarate J. , Thomaszewski B. , Hilliges O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKinesthetic garments provide physical feedback on body posture and motion through tailored distributions of reinforced material. Their ability to selectively stiffen a garment's response to specific motions makes them appealing for rehabilitation, sports, robotics, and many other application fields. However, finding designs that distribute a given amount of reinforcement material to maximally stiffen the response to specified motions is a challenging problem. In this work, we propose an optimization‐driven approach for automated design of reinforcement patterns for kinesthetic garments. Our main contribution is to cast this design task as an on‐body topology optimization problem. Our method allows designers to explore a continuous range of designs corresponding to various amounts of reinforcement coverage. Our model captures both tight contact and lift‐off separation between cloth and body. We demonstrate our method on a variety of reinforcement design problems for different body sites and motions. Optimal designs lead to a two‐ to threefold improvement in performance in terms of energy density. A set of manufactured designs were consistently rated as providing more resistance than baselines in a comparative user study.
State‐of‐the‐Art in the Architecture, Methods and Applications of StyleGAN
Authors: Bermano A.H. , Gal R. , Alaluf Y. , Mokady R. , Nitzan Y. , Tov O. , Patashnik O. , Cohen‐Or D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenerative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have established themselves as a prevalent approach to image synthesis. Of these, StyleGAN offers a fascinating case study, owing to its remarkable visual quality and an ability to support a large array of downstream tasks. This state‐of‐the‐art report covers the StyleGAN architecture, and the ways it has been employed since its conception, while also analyzing its severe limitations. It aims to be of use for both newcomers, who wish to get a grasp of the field, and for more experienced readers that might benefit from seeing current research trends and existing tools laid out. Among StyleGAN's most interesting aspects is its learned latent space. Despite being learned with no supervision, it is surprisingly well‐behaved and remarkably disentangled. Combined with StyleGAN's visual quality, these properties gave rise to unparalleled editing capabilities. However, the control offered by StyleGAN is inherently limited to the generator's learned distribution, and can only be applied to images generated by StyleGAN itself. Seeking to bring StyleGAN's latent control to real‐world scenarios, the study of GAN inversion and latent space embedding has quickly gained in popularity. Meanwhile, this same study has helped shed light on the inner workings and limitations of StyleGAN. We map out StyleGAN's impressive story through these investigations, and discuss the details that have made StyleGAN the go‐to generator. We further elaborate on the visual priors StyleGAN constructs, and discuss their use in downstream discriminative tasks. Looking forward, we point out StyleGAN's limitations and speculate on current trends and promising directions for future research, such as task and target specific fine‐tuning.
Transracial adoption practice in South Africa: The Western Cape as a case study
Authors: Luyt Jean , Swartz Leslie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTransracial adoption (TRA) represents the largest number of non‐disclosed adoptions in South Africa but remains under researched. This exploratory research investigates practices in the Western Cape, via semi‐structured interviews with adoption social workers and magistrates. Thematic analysis of data revealed the following themes: knowledge and attitudes towards the legal/policy framework of TRA; influences on placement decisions; preparation before and support offered after transracial placement; problems faced by adoption practitioners; and the Western Cape as supportive of TRA. A reluctance to engage with race and a de facto acceptance of TRA undermines a critical view of current practice.
Group‐based trajectory modeling of intracranial pressure in patients with acute brain injury: Results from multi‐center ICUs, 2008–2019
Authors: Yang Fan , Peng Chi , Peng Liwei , Wang Peng , Cheng Chao , Zuo Wei , Zhao Lei , Jin Zhichao , Li Weixin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to characterize the longitudinal, dynamic intracranial pressure (ICP) trajectory in acute brain injury (ABI) patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and explore whether it added sights over traditional thresholds in predicting outcomes.MethodsABI patients with ICP monitoring were identified from two public databases named Medical Information Mart for the Intensive Care (MIMIC)‐IV and eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU‐CRD). Group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was employed to identify 4‐h ICP trajectories in days 0–5 post‐ICU admission. Then, logistic regression was used to compare clinical outcomes across distinct groups. To further validate previously reported thresholds, we created the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in our dataset.ResultsA total of 810 eligible patients were ultimately enrolled in the study. GBTM analyses generated 6 distinct ICP trajectories, differing in the initial ICP, evolution pattern, and number/proportion of spikes >20/22 mmHg. Compared with patients in “the highest, declined then rose” trajectory, those belonging to the “lowest, stable,” “low, stable,” and “medium, stable” ICP trajectories were at lower risks of 30‐day mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01, 0.21), (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01, 0.19), (OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01, 0.42), respectively. ROC analysis demonstrated an unfavorable result, for example, 30‐day mortality in total cohort: an area under the curve (AUC): 0.528, sensitivity: 0.11, and specificity: 0.94.ConclusionsThis study identified three ICP trajectories associated with elevated risk, three with reduced risks for mortality during ICU hospitalization. Notably, a fixed ICP threshold should not be applied to all kinds of patients. GBTM, a granular method for describing ICP evolution and their association with clinical outcomes, may add to the current knowledge in intracranial hypertension treatment.
Disperse azo dyes, arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzene compounds in synthetic garments on the Swedish market
Authors: Carlsson Josefine , Åström Tim , Östman Conny , Nilsson Ulrika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAzobenzene disperse dyes (azo DDs) are well‐known as textile allergens, but the knowledge of their occurrence in garments is low. The numerous azo DDs and dye components found in textiles constitute a potential health risk, but only seven azo DDs are included in the European baseline patch test series (EBS).ObjectivesTo investigate non‐regulated azo DDs and dye components in synthetic garments on the Swedish market.MethodsHigh‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and computerized data mining.ResultsSixty‐two azo DDs were detected, with Disperse Red 167:1 occurring in 67%, and 14 other DDs each found in >20% of the garments. Notably, the EBS dyes were less common, three even not detected, while arylamines were frequently detected and exceeded 1 mg/g in several garments. Also, halogenated dinitrobenzenes were identified in 25% of the textiles.ConclusionAzo DDs and dye components, in complex compositions and with large variations, occurred frequently in the synthetic garments. The arylamines were shown to occur at much higher levels compared to the azo DDs, suggesting the former constitute a potentially higher health risk. The role of arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzenes in textile allergy has to be further investigated.
Denim dyeing effluent treatment by electrocoagulation for maximum reduction in indigo and sulphur black dye discharge
Authors: Mudasir Maryam , Rehman Sami Ur , Fahad Muhammad , Raza Ifra , Alam Feroz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe waste effluents of two different dyes including one vat dye Indigo and one sulphur dye (Stay Black) were treated using continuous electrocoagulation (EC) technique at a denim dyeing plant. A coagulator reactor of 3 L capacity was designed to treat 7.9 L/h to 65.4 L/h of the dye wastewater. Process parameters like pH, flow rate, number of electrodes and material of electrodes were optimised to obtain maximum decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour of the effluents before discharge. It was found that by controlling process parameters, COD can be reduced up to 79% and 90% for low concentrated Indigo and sulphur Stay Black dyes, respectively, with a reduction of colour value 98% and 70%, respectively, while for higher effluent concentrations EC efficiency was reported for 81% and 72.3% colour and COD removal, respectively, for indigo dye and 89.3% and 77.6% colour and COD removal, respectively, for sulphur dye. Hence results of the proposed study could provide important information to design a scale up large reactor unit to commercially apply on denim dyeing discharge and control pollution limits of sulphur and sulphates during denim dyeing.
Reducing uncertainty in climate change responses of inland fishes: A decision‐path approach
Authors: Lynch Abigail J. , Myers Bonnie J. E. , Wong Jesse P. , Chu Cindy , Tingley Ralph W. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Kwak Thomas J. , Paukert Craig P. , Krabbenhoft Trevor J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change will continue to be an important consideration for conservation practitioners. However, uncertainty in identifying appropriate management strategies, particularly for understudied species and regions, constrains the implementation of science‐based solutions and adaptation strategies. Here, we share a decision‐path approach to reduce uncertainty in climate change responses of inland fishes to inform conservation and adaptation planning. With the Fish and Climate Change database (FiCli), a comprehensive, online, public database of peer‐reviewed literature on documented and projected climate impacts to inland fishes, users can identify relevant studies and associated management recommendations via geographic regions, response types (i.e., fish assemblage dynamics, demographic, distributional, evolutionary, phenological), fish taxa, and traits (e.g., thermal guilds, feeding type, parental care, habitat type) and use a suite of summary tools to make more informed decisions. For both data‐rich and data‐poor scenarios, we demonstrate that this approach can reduce uncertainty in understanding climate change responses. Using thermal sensitivity as an example, we also establish the utility of FiCli database to address other user‐defined, management‐relevant questions via supplementary analyses. This decision‐path approach can be applied to rapid assessments, management decisions, and policy development and may serve as a model for other conservation decision‐making processes.
Progress toward a universal biomedical data translator
Authors: Fecho Karamarie , Thessen Anne E. , Baranzini Sergio E. , Bizon Chris , Hadlock Jennifer J. , Huang Sui , Roper Ryan T. , Southall Noel , Ta Casey , Watkins Paul B. , Williams Mark D. , Xu Hao , Byrd William , Dančík Vlado , Duby Marc P. , Dumontier Michel , Glusman Gustavo , Harris Nomi L. , Hinderer Eugene W. , Hyde Greg , Johs Adam , Su Andrew I. , Qin Guangrong , Zhu Qian ,   The Biomedical Data Translator Consortium
Published: May 2022

AbstractClinical, biomedical, and translational science has reached an inflection point in the breadth and diversity of available data and the potential impact of such data to improve human health and well‐being. However, the data are often siloed, disorganized, and not broadly accessible due to discipline‐specific differences in terminology and representation. To address these challenges, the Biomedical Data Translator Consortium has developed and tested a pilot knowledge graph‐based “Translator” system capable of integrating existing biomedical data sets and “translating” those data into insights intended to augment human reasoning and accelerate translational science. Having demonstrated feasibility of the Translator system, the Translator program has since moved into development, and the Translator Consortium has made significant progress in the research, design, and implementation of an operational system. Herein, we describe the current system’s architecture, performance, and quality of results. We apply Translator to several real‐world use cases developed in collaboration with subject‐matter experts. Finally, we discuss the scientific and technical features of Translator and compare those features to other state‐of‐the‐art, biomedical graph‐based question‐answering systems.
The Role of Institutions: A Cross‐country Analysis of Renminbi Trading in Foreign Exchange Markets
Authors: Zucker‐Marques Marina , da Silva Pedro Perfeito 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe explore how China's geographically targeted policies impact RMB overseas use individually or in combination. The policies include swap agreements, clearing banks, investment quotas, and direct trading between Chinese renminbi (RMB) and non‐USD currencies. Adopting a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis and using Bank of International Settlements cross‐country data on foreign exchange markets, we find that institution building has lowered the barriers to international adoption of the RMB. Specifically, for countries economically close to China, high RMB trading is explained by either (i) having a clearing bank in the host market and direct quotations between the RMB and the local currency, or (ii) being a financial center and having access to the Chinese capital market. This combination of policies is explained by the creation of (i) “trading posts” that provide RMB liquidity abroad, and (ii) channels that allow actors to “recycle” offshore RMB funds. We triangulate our results with interviews conducted with senior People's Bank of China officials.
First dose‐ranging study of remimazolam in Japanese patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: Phase II investigator‐initiated clinical trial
Authors: Ichijima Ryoji , Ikehara Hisatomo , Maeda Takeshi , Sugita Tomomi , Horii Toshiki , Iwao Aya , Ogura Kanako , Kusano Chika , Kondo Yuko , Suzuki Takahiro , Gotoda Takuji 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesRemimazolam, an ultra‐short‐acting benzodiazepine, has been used for procedural sedation in the United States. We conducted an investigator‐initiated clinical trial to determine the appropriate dose of remimazolam required for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japanese subjects.MethodsIn this single‐center, open‐label, uncontrolled, phase II trial, a three‐stage cohort investigated the appropriate initial and additional doses of remimazolam required for gastrointestinal endoscopy. This study was designed with advice from the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. The initial and additional doses were 2 mg and 1 mg/dose, 3 mg and 1 mg/dose, and 5 mg and 2 mg/dose in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Each cohort included 10 cases of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy. The primary end‐point was the success rate of sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy.ResultsSedation was successful in all gastrointestinal endoscopies in cohorts 1 and 2. In cohort 1, sedation was achieved in five (25.0%) and 10 (50.0%) participants with the initial dose and total dose (initial dose + additional dose ≤ the initial dose of the next cohort), respectively, before endoscopy. In cohort 2, sedation was achieved in 11 (55.0%) and 18 (90.0%) participants with the initial dose and total dose, respectively, before endoscopy. No patient in either cohort lost consciousness or required flumazenil or manual ventilation.ConclusionInitial and additional doses of 3 mg and 1 mg/dose of remimazolam, respectively, were shown to be effective and safe for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japanese patients.
An age‐ and length‐structured statistical catch‐at‐length model for hard‐to‐age fisheries stocks
Authors: Zhang Fan , Cadigan Noel G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is challenging in fisheries stock assessment to estimate cohort dynamics from length‐based data for hard‐to‐age stocks, and existing approaches, for example, age‐structured catch‐at‐length models (ACL) are unable to account for length‐dependent processes within each cohort. Fisheries‐dependent data are usually considered the default input to stock assessment models. However, with widespread recognition of the uncertainty of fisheries‐dependent data and the increasing availability of high‐quality survey data, a new situation emerges in some fisheries where a stock assessment model based only on survey data can provide good estimation of population dynamics. We develop an age‐ and length‐structured statistical catch‐at‐length model (ALSCL) to estimate age‐based dynamics from survey catch‐at‐length data. This approach also provides a good basis to then integrate fisheries‐dependent data in the model. ALSCL can explicitly include length‐dependent mortality and growth within each cohort by simultaneously tracking the three‐dimensional dynamics across time, age, and length. We first use simulations of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea, Pleuronectidae) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus Obesus, Scombridae) to demonstrate that ALSCL outperforms ACL by providing more accurate estimates of age‐based population dynamics when length‐dependent processes are important. Next, we apply ALSCL to estimate the cohort dynamics of female yellowtail flounder on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland using survey catch‐at‐length, weight‐at‐length, and maturity‐at‐length data. We consider ALSCL as a hybrid between ACL and length‐structured stock assessment models that keeps the advantages of both, and its ability to simultaneously track age and length dynamics is an important step toward the next‐generation of fisheries stock assessment models.