bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lepidium Sativum L. on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Khalvati Reza , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Ayatifard Mona , Habibi Emran 
Published: October 2022

Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) as an organic solvent causes symptoms of acute and chronic liver injury, including necrosis, fat changes, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. Lepidium sativum contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidant components.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the hepatic protection of L. Sativum Extract (LSE) on CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Methods: A total of 25 male mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=5): control (olive oil), CCl4 , and 3 LSE groups. Except for the control group, all the mice received CCl4 (50%, 0.5 mL/kg) intraperitoneally twice a week for 4 weeks. The mice in the LSE groups were treated daily with LSE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) via IP injection. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose, and liver function parameters, such as Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Glutathione (GSH) were determined. Furthermore, 0.1 g of liver tissue was removed for histochemical analysis.
Results: Significant differences were observed in GSH, ALP, AST, and ALT levels between the CCI4 and the control groups. Compared to the CCl4 group, LSE treatment significantly decreased plasma ALT (P<0.05), AST in all doses (P<0.001), and ALP in 600 mg/kg (P<0.001). In addition, LSE treatment significantly increased GSH in 400 mg/kg (P<0.01) and 600 mg/kg (P<0.001).
Conclusion: LSE has hepatic protective activity against CCl4 -induced injuries. The possible anti-hepatotoxic mechanisms may be related to the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, tannin, and coumarins in the LSE by inhibiting the free radicals mediated damage.
Nietzsche and christianity
Authors: Szklarska Anna 
Published: October 2022

The article presents connections between philosophy of Nietzsche and the Christian tradition. Author's considerations are not restricted to how Nietzsche assessed Christianity and what he thought of it, but rather: did he reason aptly, did he grasp it correctly.
It is a fact that Nietzsche fights with Christianity, which does not prevent him from internalizing some Christian themes in spite of having a very superficial and incomplete picture of it. There are unquestionable differences in both doctrines such as the relationship to the issues of truth, compassion, transcendence, mercy and eternity. Nevertheless they share a large number of common elements: praise for authenticity, creativity and freedom, the ethics of dignity, the postulate of self-formation, appreciation of suffering, rejection of revenge and everything that is small and false, and finally, discipline of the will craving repetition as a confirmation of self, faithfulness to self.
How much do we learn about hallucinations from thought-experiments?
Authors: Szelegieniec Joanna Helena 
Published: October 2022

The idea that our sensory experience cannot serve as a ground for knowledge lingers on within philosophical thinking from its very beginning. Since even the ancient sceptics argued against the possibility of knowledge based on sense perception due to its potentially illusory or hallucinatory character, it seems reasonable to address the issue of hallucination itself.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss upon the philosophical account of hallucination present in current debates. I will mainly work on the so-called ‘argument from hallucination’ which provides a prevalent objection both against the direct realism theory of perception, and externalist theories of content of experience. My primary intention will be to single out the ontological claims concerning hallucinatory experience that constitute the core of the argument from hallucination. Moreover, the legitimacy of philosophical theses concerning hallucination will be discussed both by means of philosophical analysis, and in the light of chosen empirical findings.
İSMETÎ’NİN BAHR-İ TAVÎLİ
Authors: BAKA TELLİ Şermin 
Published: October 2022

Klasik Türk edebiyatı, XIII. yüzyılın sonlarında başlayıp XIX. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar kesintisiz olarak devam eden ve kendine has kuralları bulunan bir edebiyattır. Bir geleneğin tezahürü olan bu edebiyat, yüzyıllar içerisinde sayısız edebî ürünün ortaya çıkışına zemin oluşturmuş, neticesinde kültür ve medeniyet tarihimizin birikimleri arasında yerini almıştır. Günümüzde bu kültür mirasımızın manzum ve mensur nice eserleri gün yüzüne çıkarılmayı beklemektedir. Söz konusu eserlerden biri de Sivas Ziya Bey Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 6461 numarada kayıtlı şiir mecmuasıdır. Mecmua, XV-XIX. yüzyıllar arasında yaşamış pek çok şairin şiirini ihtiva etmektedir. Bu manzumeler arasında -klasik Türk edebiyatında sınırlı sayıda şair tarafından kaleme alınan dolayısıyla örneğine az rastlanan- bir de bahr-i tavîl yer almaktadır.
Bahr-i tavîl, aruz kalıplarının arka arkaya tekralanmasıyla oluşturulan ve nesir cümleleri niteliğinde yazılan yer yer seciler de yapılan bir tarzdır. Edebiyatımızda nazımla nesir arasında bir köprü görevi gören bu edebî parçaların ilk örneğinin hangi edebiyatta görüldüğü tam olarak bilinmese de Anadolu sahasında ilk bahr-i tavîlin XV. yüzyıl şairi Ahmet Paşa tarafından yazıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitli divan ve mecmualar tarandıkça da Seyfî, Belâyî, Fedâyî, Gelibolulu Âlî, Arşî, Fehîm-i Kadîm, Beyânî, Muhibbî (Kanunî Sultan Süleymân), Zâhirî, Bezmî, Yahyâ, Şeyh Gâlib, Bayburtlu Zihnî gibi birçok şairin bahr-i tavîl tarzında şiirler kaleme aldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmayla birlikte şimdiye kadar konu üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda adını göremediğimiz İsmetî mahlaslı bir şairin bahr-i tavîli ilim dünyasına tanıtılacaktır. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde öncelikle bahr-i tavîl terimi üzerinde durulacak ardından da bu tür üzerine yapılan çalışmalardan söz edilecektir. Birinci bölümde; bahr-i tavîlin yer aldığı şiir mecmuası tavsif edilecek, ikinci bölümde -tezkireler ve biyografik kaynaklar ışığında- İsmetî’nin hayatı ve edebî şahsiyeti hakkında bilgi verilecek; üçüncü bölümde ise söz konusu manzumenin şekil ve muhteva özellikleri üzerinde durulacak ve ardından çeviri yazılı metni verilecektir.
FEYZÎ’NİN MANZUM LÜCCETÜ’L-ESRAR TERCÜMESİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mehmet 
Published: October 2022

Lüccetü’l-esrâr Molla Abdurrahman Câmî’nin, Emir Hüsrev-i Dihlevî’nin Deryâ-yı Ebrâr adlı kasidesine yazdığı 100 beyitlik naziredir. Câmî’nin birinci divânı olan Fâtihatü’ş-şebâb’da bulunan Lüccetü’l-esrâr, mecazlarla örülü sembolik anlatımın yoğun olduğu tasavvufî bir kasidedir. Muhtevası itibariyle pendnâme olan bu kaside, Osmanlı’da çok beğenilmiş ve üzerine çok sayıda manzum, mensur tercümeler ve mensur şerhler yazılmıştır. Yapılan şerh ve tercümelerin temel nedeni Lüccetü’l-esrâr’daki sembolik anlatımdan kaynaklı müphemliği gidermektir. Bunun haricinde mütercim veya şarihlerin artlarında eser bırakma isteği ve Feyzî’de olduğu gibi kasideyi anlama çabası nedeniyle Lüccetü’l-esrâr tercüme veya şerh edilmiştir. Tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla Lüccetü’l-esrâr’a yapılan üç tane manzum tercüme bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki Erzurum kadı vekili Ahmed Râşid’e, diğeri Hafız Hulûsi Efendi’ye, üçüncüsü ise Feyzî’ye aittir. Ahmed Râşid’in manzum tercümesi makale olarak çalışılmış, Feyzî’nin, eserin mukaddimesindeki ifadelerinden haberdar olduğumuz Hafız Hulûsi Efendi’nin manzum tercümesine ise ulaşılamamıştır.
Bu çalışmada Feyzî’nin manzum Lüccetü’l-esrâr tercümesi latinize edilerek sunulmuştur. Tercümenin tespit edebildiğimiz tek nüshası bulunmaktadır. Feyzî, kasideyi beyit beyit tercüme etmiş, her beyti Farsça aslının altına yazmıştır. Bundan dolayı kasidenin Farsça aslı da yazma nüshada olduğu şekliyle verilmiştir. Feyzî’nin hayatına dair kaynaklarda herhangi bir bilgiye rastlayamadığımızdan dolayı onun terceme-i hâli Lüccetü’l-esrâr’ın mukaddimesinde verdiği bazı bilgilerden hareketle yazılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Lüccetü’l-esrâr’a yapılan tercüme ve şerhler genel hatlarıyla tanıtılmaya gayret edilmiştir.
Development of a science process skills-based interactive website ‘bioenial’ on environmental pollution material
Authors: Rahmawati Atika Budi , Bowo Sugiharto , Santosa Slamet 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to develop an interactive website based on the science process skill ‘Bioenial’ on Environmental Pollution material for grade X SMA/MA and identify the achievement of science process skills in the use of the 'Bioenial' website. This study was designed based on the Research & Development design from the Thiagarajan 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). The instruments used in this study were media and material expert validation sheets, student worksheets, and student and teacher response sheets. The analysis technique used the Rasch analysis. The results showed that (1) the Feasibility of the 'Bioenial' website, the average percentage score of validity obtained from the three media experts was 97,4% that within the "Very Eligible" category, and the percentage score from the material experts was 76.6% or within the "Eligible" category. The 'Bioenial' website was tested in a class of 32 students and on two biology teachers. The results of student responses according to the person measure obtained a mean of 85.5, meaning that the website is "Eligible" to use. The results of the teacher's response show that the Bioenial website is "Appropriate" for learning. (2) Science process skills can be developed on environmental pollution materials with the 'Bioenial' website observing, classifying, predicting, communicating, designing, and conducting experiments. Assessment of the skills of conducting experiments is unlikely during the distance learning period due to the difficulty to provide evaluations. Based on the study results, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of the 'Bioenial' website in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Blue Hydrogen Technologies
Authors: Dara Satyadileep , Khan Ibrahim , Al Jenaibi Eisa , Dhebar Sandeep , Srivastava Ganank , Shehata Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the techno-economic comparison of blue hydrogen technologies. Four technologies shown below are considered for the preliminary evaluation.
Steam methane reforming with carbon capture Auto thermal reforming with carbon capture Syngas chemical looping technology Chemical looping reforming technology
Industrial literature showed that syngas chemical looping technology and chemical looping reforming technology show high thermal efficiency and low capital and operating costs. However, challenges exist in the scale up, system integration and commercialization. Further R&D efforts may make this technology superior in near future. Steam methane reforming is the most established commercial technology for H2 production. However, when CO2 capture is included in scope, thermal efficiency decreases drastically and may become economically unviable if the H2 selling price is less than 2 $/kg. Auto thermal reforming shows attractive techno-economic indicators in terms of capital cost, thermal efficiency, and payback potential. Commercial references for this technology are limited comparatively but technology licensors do exist. Hence, this technology is identified as the recommended option for blue hydrogen production.
Indeed, ATR process is even more attractive for ADNOC due to the availability of oxygen as a waste stream in one of its facilities. To this end, it is intended to investigate the prospects of adopting auto thermal process for blue hydrogen production in ADNOC by leveraging the available oxygen supply. A further detailed study is conducted to evaluate this proposal through simulation analysis, equipment design and costing analysis and thereby verify the technical feasibility, capital cost, operating cost, thermal efficiency, emissions profile and required selling price of H2.
Carbon Footprint Reduction Through the Use of Drones for Inspection Activities
Authors: Alnumay Yazeed , Jifri Hesham , Albrahim Ahmed , Felemban Amjad , Abdellatif Fadl 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Assets in the energy industry require periodic inspections to monitor their health and integrity. These inspection activities are typically performed manually by operators. However, a significant portion of the assets are also elevated and are hard to reach without the use of scaffolding. The use of scaffolding involves a complex process that includes manufacturing, transportation, and other associated logistics. These activities contribute to the carbon footprint related to inspection activities leading to increased emissions. Recently, the use of robotic and automated inspection solutions is being increasingly adopted by energy companies and the overall market as a whole. These advanced solutions could potentially play a valuable role in the reductions in carbon emissions by minimizing both the manufacturing and transporting of scaffolding for inspection activities. In this study, we aim to quantify the environmental benefit of such solutions within the energy industry.
In order to quantify the decrease in carbon emissions, we examine the carbon emissions of extracting raw materials, manufacturing, and transportation of scaffolding. We compare this to the carbon cost of manufacturing batteries and inspection technologies along with their respective power consumption.
Our initial results show that switching from traditional scaffolding techniques to drone-based solutions resulted in approximately a 30-fold decrease in emissions from 4.54kg CO2e per inspection job, if scaffolding is used, to 156 g CO2e using drone-based solutions. This was achieved by minimizing scaffolding manufacturing and transportation activities in comparison to drone manufacturing and power consumption.
Robotic and drone inspection is a recently emerging field that has captured the attention of large energy institutions around the globe. Our study aligns with the ambitious initiatives in reducing carbon emissions and driving a successful transition to sustainable energy. The novelty of this paper is that it analytically investigates the driving force behind the innovative inspection technologies that are recently emerging in the market. Additionally, it quantifies the positive impact of these technologies from the perspective of reducing carbon emissions, leading to sustainable energy.
Waste to Sustainable Aviation Fuel: How to Recover Refused Carbon and Hydrogen
Authors: Rispoli Giacomo , Borgogna Alessia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aviation is one of the sectors, within the transport industry, in respect of which engine electrification is more challenging to be applied. Therefore, it is crucial to develop and widen processes for production of aviation fuel starting from renewable sources.
The "Waste to Sustainable Aviation Fuel" process fits this aim perfectly. The peculiarity and novelty of this process is the link between two worlds which usually work apart: the waste conversion sector and the petrochemical/chemical one. In this regard, the waste-to-chemical process is generally composed of different sections: high temperature gasification; syngas cleaning and cleaning; syngas purification; syngas conditioning; and final synthesis. The first section is the core of the process since it is a very flexible technology able to convert unsorted and/or non-recyclable waste into syngas, as well as demolition wood or other residual biomasses. Final synthesis can then follow two different paths: - methanol or ethanol; from both, SAF can be produced. Levelized of costs of methanol and ethanol coming from proposed process are highly competitive, thus leading to a competitive final SAF cost of production. SAF produced from methanol or ethanol coming from the proposed process are eligible for renewable content introduction in aviation sector, according to ReFuelEU directive which is under definition. Following mass balance approach, a fraction deriving from fossil carbon of waste is defined as Recycle Carbon Aviation Fuel, the other coming from biogenic carbon contained in residual materials - not food or feed related - is considered Advanced biofuel. The flexibility on feedstock related to the proposed technology allows to follow markets trends in relation to waste gate fee, residual biomasses cost, and relative market surplus recognized for advanced fraction.
Saudi Aramco Awards Winning Project
Authors: Abbate Piero , Sparano Silvio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Operational since 26th December 2020 on Saudi Aramco's premises in Qurayyah (KSA), TVP Solar thermal plant has been conceived as a sizeable industrial pilot for Saudi Aramco to show the potential of energy and CO2 savings offered by the solar thermal technology of the Swiss company TVP Solar.
Because of its proven performances, Qurayyah's TVP thermal solar plant has been awarded in 2021 with the Environment Excellence Award assigned to the See Water Injection Department (SWID) within Saudi Aramco and with the Energy Efficiency Award assigned both to SWID and the Research and Development Center (R&DC).
Qurayyah's TVP Solar plant has been engineered to preheat from 93 °C up to 174 °C the water fed to a set of two diesel fueled boilers used to generate steam.
Experience gained in Qurayyah shows that at this location 1 MW of peak thermal power requires 1,700 m2 of TVP Solar collectors (for about 3,000 m2 of total occupation space) to produce 1.5 GWhT/year, thus reducing fuel consumption by 200 m3/year of diesel and avoiding 520 tons/year of CO2 emissions. The specific ability of TVP Solar collectors to harvest energy from diffuse light allowed the solar field to have its performance minimally impacted by fouling, even if the panels were never cleaned during more than one year of operations.
Carbon Footprint Management Using Blockchain
Authors: Kadry Heba Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is a broad consensus that greenhouse gas emissions management requires coordinated efforts and collaboration in all sectors and at all levels of an organization or within the value chain. However, potential conflicts of interest and lack of trust between stakeholders make this collaboration extremely challenging. Blockchain has opened the door for a series of innovative applications that can propose an efficient carbon footprint traceability and management solution.
Blockchain is a distributed secure database, called a ledger, among different parties, used to hold and verify tamper-proof records or transactions without the need to trust any participant of this process except the mechanism. In the race to net zero, the need for an advanced information and communication technology has become vital to global climate change management with increased digitalization, decarbonization, security, and decentralization challenges. Blockchain is proposed as an integrated platform for various applications, such as carbon traceability, carbon trading, certification, and value chain management.
This work presents an overview of blockchain technology and its working principles. It describes blockchain's novelty and innovation to the industry and climate action. Also, the paper investigates blockchain's potential for carbon footprint traceability and management. It explores the latest use cases and the current challenges. It concludes that enabling innovation for climate action requires digging further into evolving disruptive technologies such as blockchain.
Liquid CO2 Transportation and Storage; A Comparison of Low Pressure and Medium Pressure Solutions
Authors: Nasseri Damoon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transportation of CO2 from a carbon capture unit to the final sequestration destination poses several technical challenges. For short / medium distances, dense phase transport via pipeline is usually the preferred solution. However, for longer distances, a more practical solution is liquid transportation (marine or rail), followed by offloading, intermediate storage and transfer to a dense phase pipeline for sequestration. The intent of this study is to perform a comparative assessment between "Low Pressure / Low Temperature" and "Medium Pressure / Medium Temperature" solutions for liquid CO2 transportation, considering overall process energy consumption, CAPEX and operational safety.
For CCS chains involving refrigerated CO2 transport, the full transportation chain from the carbon capture unit to sequestration point includes compression, dehydration, liquefaction, buffer storage, marine (or rail) transfer, and conditioning. A low-pressure solution requires a low temperature to be able to liquify CO2 (7 Barg, -46°C); while a medium pressure solution requires a medium temperature to be able to liquify CO2 (13 Barg, -30°C), with each option having its own advantages and disadvantages. To perform a techno-economic assessment, both options were simulated, equipment lists produced and a cost estimate and lifecycle cost including OPEX, developed for the entire transportation chain between the low pressure capture units and the dense phase sequestration / injection point. The assessment was performed for a study by Wood, which had a CO2 production rate of 0.6 MTPA, however the result remains valid for higher capacity as levelized cost of CO2 handling is used.
It was observed that the low-pressure option required a higher energy demand to liquify and heated the CO2, in terms of kwh/tonne of CO2. It was also noted that the low-pressure option required a material compatible with the low temperature (e.g. Stainless Steel), while Low Temperature Carbon Steel (LTCS) can be utilized for the medium pressure option. Although a higher material thickness was required for medium pressure buffer storage and marine tanks, this is compensated by the material cost difference between SS and LTCS, leading to a higher CAPEX for a low-pressure solution. Additionally, the CO2 triple point of -56°C is fairly close to the low-pressure storage conditions of -46 °C, hence any fluctuation in process conditions risks solidification of CO2. Based on the above, it is concluded that medium pressure CO2 storage (at circa 13 Barg, -30°C) is more desirable to a low pressure / low temperature solution.
This study seeks to provide a holistic view for liquid CO2 transportation, considering both the marine and traditional onshore processing and buffer storage elements, paving the way towards a standard set of guidelines for future developments.
Development of a New Ultra-Selective Solvent to Reduce the Cost to Capture CO2 from a H2S-Rich Natural Gas
Authors: de Meyer Frédérick , Cadours Renaud , Poulain Bénédicte 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The contribution of CO2 present in natural gas to the total GHG emissions of the gas plant can be significant (up to 20% for Middle East Gas). When both H2S and CO2 are present, the CO2 capture cost is currently very high. The method developed to tackle this challenge is an innovative architecture of the acid gas treatment chain based on a new ultra-selective absorption process. The redesigned acid gas treatment architecture is detailed and compared with available technologies on the market. The technical cost of avoided CO2 can be reduced by up to 70% by using the new ultra-selective process compared to the available CO2 capture technology. This new acid gas treatment architecture can reduce by up to 20% the energy consumption to capture CO2. A new ultra-selective solvent has been developed using computational screening tools combined with experiments measuring physical, operational, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties. Those serve as input of a process simulation tool validated with medium-pressure absorber and regenerator pilot plant data. The new solvent is currently at TRL4 validation, a selectivity of more than 75% (CO2 slippage) has been observed on the pilot plant, with a H2S specification in the treated gas kept around 5 ppm. This result is the consequence of both a new solvent formulation (selective amine) and optimal operating conditions. There is, moreover, no increase in regeneration duty for the new solvent.