bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of behavioural interventions on postpartum retention and adherence among women with HIV on lifelong ART: the results of a cluster randomized trial in Kenya (the MOTIVATE trial)
Authors: Abuogi Lisa L. , Onono Maricianah , Odeny Thomas A. , Owuor Kevin , Helova Anna , Hampanda Karen , Odwar Tobias , Onyango Dickens , McClure Leslie A. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Turan Janet M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction Retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and postpartum for women living with HIV (WLWH) are necessary to optimize health outcomes for women and infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two evidenced‐based behavioural interventions on postpartum adherence and retention in WLWH in Kenya.MethodsThe Mother‐Infant Visit Adherence and Treatment Engagement (MOTIVATE) study was a cluster‐randomized trial enrolling pregnant WLWH from December 2015 to August 2017. Twenty‐four health facilities in southwestern Kenya were randomized to: (1) standard care (control), (2) text‐messaging, (3) community‐based mentor mothers (cMM) or (4) text‐messaging and cMM. Primary outcomes included retention in care and ART adherence at 12 months postpartum. Analyses utilized generalized estimating equations and competing risks regression. Per‐protocol analyses examined differences in postpartum retention for women with high versus low levels of exposure to the interventions.Results We enrolled 1331 pregnant WLWH (mean age 28 years). At 12 months postpartum, 1140 (85.6%) women were retained in care, 96 women (7.2%) were lost‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU) and 95 (7.1%) were discontinued from the study. In intention‐to‐treat analyses, the relative risk of being retained at 12‐months postpartum was not significantly higher in the intervention arms versus the control arm. In time‐to‐event analysis, the cMM and text arm had significantly lower rates of LTFU (hazard ratio 0.44, p = 0.019). In per‐protocol analysis, the relative risk of 12‐month postpartum retention was 24–29% higher for women receiving at least 80% of the expected intervention compared to the control arm; text message only risk ratio (RR) 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.32, p<0.001), cMM only RR 1.29 (95% CI 1.21–1.37, p<0.001) and cMM plus text RR 1.29 (1.21–1.37, p<0.001). Women LTFU were younger (p<0.001), less likely to be married (p<0.001) and more likely to be newly diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy (p<0.001). Self‐reported ART adherence did not vary by study arm.ConclusionsBehavioural interventions using peer support and text messages did not appear to improve 12‐month postpartum retention and adherence in intention‐to‐treat analyses. Higher levels of exposure to the interventions may be necessary to achieve the desired effects.
The design sourcing choice and technological performance in the upscale and downscale markets of an architectural innovation
Authors: Park Woo‐Yong , Tangpong Chanchai , Ro Young K. , Kim Namwoon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the performance impacts of design sourcing choices in addressing an architectural innovation from its originating market to subsequent markets. We maintain that the effects of design internalization and externalization on the technological performance of firms' products may vary across the originating and subsequent markets with different requisite technological demands due to the dynamics of knowledge spillovers and knowledge exchange hazards in those markets. We hypothesize that design internalization is likely to outperform design externalization when facing an architectural innovation in a subsequent upscale market with a higher technological performance requisite than in the originating market. The case is then reverse in a subsequent downscale market with a lower technological performance requisite. We test our hypotheses in the empirical contexts of the US bicycle markets in which the index gear‐shifting technology (i.e., an architectural innovation) originated in the road bicycle market in 1985 and subsequently traversed to the mountain bicycle market (i.e., an upscale market) in 1987 and the city bicycle market (i.e., a downscale market) in 1988. The results are largely in line with our hypotheses. The contributions of our study to the current literature as well as its managerial implications are also discussed.
Improving care transitions with standardized peer mentoring: Evidence from intervention based research using randomized control trial
Authors: Chun Yeojun , Harris Shannon L. , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Hill Kristen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate how patients can co‐create value when transitioning care between the hospital and home after a major life altering surgery such as kidney transplant. Collaborating with health care providers at a large U.S. hospital, we adopted an intervention‐based research approach to develop a standardized peer‐mentoring program where former patients mentor current patients for 30 days postdischarge. We assessed the impact of the program on patient anxiety and 30‐day readmissions through a randomized control trial that recruited 80 transplant patients. Our analyses of patient anxiety indicated that patients in the treatment arm experienced 3.42 points greater decrease in anxiety score over 30 days, suggesting that care transitions using mentors decreases anxiety levels among patients. Our analyses of readmissions led to an unexpected but explainable result. We found that patients in the treatment arm were at 12.6 times greater risk of readmission during the first 30 days. Exploratory analysis suggests that increased readmission may have been due to patients reporting complications sooner, which allowed them to get treated earlier. Overall, our study informs healthcare operations on how to design effective transition of care programs using cost‐effective resources and offers new insights on using patient‐centric metrics.
Theabrownin isolated from Pu‐erh tea regulates Bacteroidetes to improve metabolic syndrome of rats induced by high‐fat, high‐sugar and high‐salt diet
Authors: Yue Suijuan , Peng Chunxiu , Zhao Dan , Xia Xuechao , Tan Chao , Wang Qiuping , Gong Jiashun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTheabrownin (TB), a high macromolecular compound and a characteristic component of Pu‐erh tea, is able to markedly regulate blood lipid and glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that TB could ameliorate metabolic syndrome induced by high‐fat, high‐sugar and high‐salt diet (HFSSD).RESULTSTo test these hypotheses, we fed rats with HFSSD and administered a gavage of TB. HFSSD successfully induced metabolic syndrome in rats. TB significantly improved serum lipid status, prevented obesity and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHbAIc) in rats. After TB intervention, Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B) ratio was greatly reduced and showed a dose‐effect relationship. TB promoted the reproduction of Bacteroidetes such as prevotella_sp._CAG:1031, prevotella_sp._MGM2 and Bacteroides_sartorii, and inhibited the reproduction of Firmicutes such as roseburia_sp._1XD42‐69 and roseburia_sp._831b.CONCLUSIONIn HFSSD mode, prevotella_sp._CAG:1031 was one of the main dominant characteristic bacteria of TB targeting regulation, while roseburia_sp._1XD42‐69 mainly inhibitory intestinal bacteria, which help to reduce body weight, TG and blood sugar levels of HFSSD rats. Glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance were the critical pathway. TB has a high application potential in reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Disaster recovery responses of transnational tour operators to the Indian Ocean tsunami
Authors: Derham Jess , Best Gary , Frost Warwick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines how transnational operators respond to crisis management and disaster recovery. An adapted model of Faulkner and Vikulov's (2001) six‐stage framework was applied to Australian‐based tour operators, in the context of how they responded to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The findings suggest that the tour operators coped well through having reactionary crisis management responses; however, insights into the impacts their decisions had on the tourism generating regions provide opportunities for improving future preparedness mechanisms.
Augmented reality filters on social media. Analyzing the drivers of playability based on uses and gratifications theory
Authors: Ibáñez‐Sánchez Sergio , Orús Carlos , Flavián Carlos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe arrival of augmented reality (AR) on social networks in the form of filters is generating new user experiences. Despite their potential as interactive marketing tools, previous research analyzing the impact of AR filters has focused mainly on shopping‐based or personal‐based variables. Conceiving AR filters to be entertainment products, this research follows the theory of uses and gratifications to examine the playability of AR filters, that is, the satisfaction that users derive from the experience and their making of electronic word‐of‐mouth recommendations. The results of two studies combining quantitative and qualitative techniques showed the key role played by perceived entertainment and, to a lesser extent, perceived interactivity, in the playability of AR filters. Perceived curiosity and compatibility also affected users' satisfaction. The findings contribute to the literature on AR filters by analyzing users' experiences from an entertainment perspective, examining a comprehensive set of hedonic, utilitarian, social and personal uses and gratifications that users might derive when interact with AR filters on social media. Practitioners should incorporate appropriate features when designing the filters so that users obtain fun and entertaining experiences, interact with others, and get fresh content. All these may foster the consumer's storytelling through images.
Clinical course and outcome of an outpatient clinic population with myasthenia gravis and COVID‐19
Authors: Gungor Tuncer Ozlem , Deymeer Feza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) may have a more severe course in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). We aimed to assess severity of the infection and factors contributing to its severity in a group of MG patients, most of whom were not hospitalized.MethodsOne hundred forty outpatients with MG followed between March 2020 and April 2021 were included in our study. Patients were asked to respond to a brief questionnaire in person, by telemedicine, or through electronic messages.ResultsNineteen patients tested positive for COVID‐19 by polymerase chain reaction. Two were asymptomatic. Of the 17 symptomatic patients, 11 had mild symptoms. They either had no treatment or received antivirals, antibiotics, and anticoagulants. Their myasthenia was well‐controlled before infection and was unaffected by COVID‐19. Three patients with moderate COVID‐19 required hospitalization, but not intensive care, and had full recovery. Three other patients, the oldest in the cohort, had severe disease: One patient with a postsurgery myasthenic exacerbation before the infection needed intensive care without intubation, but recovered completely; two morbidly obese patients with comorbidities required intubation and died. Corticosteroids were increased in four of the six moderate/severely affected patients. Immunosuppressive (IS) agents were generally continued. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID‐19 was used in one patient.DiscussionMost patients had mild COVID‐19 and all but two patients recovered. The design of the study made it possible to capture mild cases. Having well‐controlled MG before infection and absence of comorbidities likely affected the course of the infection favorably. IS did not influence the progression.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC–MS feature‐based molecular networking
Authors: Yang Zi , Li Li , Chen Chen‐Hui , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Yang Yi , Zhang Peng , Bao Guan‐Hu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionWidespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in bacterial multiple drug resistance, thereby searching for natural antimicrobial agents from plants becomes an effective and alternative approach. In the present study, we selected six foodborne bacteria to evaluate the antibacterial activities of 12 medicinal plants ethyl acetate (EA) extracts.ObjectiveThis study aims to search for natural antibiotic substitutes from plant extracts. The antibacterial components were further discussed through chemometric and mass spectroscopic analyses.MethodologyAgar well diffusion and the microdilution methods were used to test the antibacterial activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to judge the active phytochemicals. To further characterise the potential antibacterial components, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) coupled with Pearson correlation and feature‐based molecular network (FBMN) were proposed.ResultsMost of the plant extracts possessed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks showed high inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Escherichia coli strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.56, 0.78, and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Salmonella typhi was highly sensitive to Firmiana simplex barks with an inhibitory diameter up to 21.67 ± 0.95 mm, and MIC at 0.78 mg/mL. Moreover, Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks had the highest TPCs.ConclusionOur results indicated that Toona sinensis shoots, Koelreuteria paniculate seeds, and Firmiana simplex barks could be supplied as potential sources of antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, 36 potential bioactive compounds were identified mainly as polyphenols, glycosides, and terpenoids.
Psychometric properties of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale in Chinese typical, subthreshold, and clinically depressed adolescents
Authors: Xiao Wen‐Yi , Zhu Rui‐Zhen , Lv Zhao‐Xi , Fan Juan , Yi Zheng‐hui , Chen Jue , Ju Kang , Yan Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale measures state anhedonia in multiple domains, such as hobbies, food and drink, social activities, and sensory experience, and it has good reliability and validity in adult samples. However, no study has examined the psychometrical properties of this scale in adolescents. The present study examined its reliability and validity in adolescents with and without depression. In Study 1, 988 high‐school students completed the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale; 915 completed the second‐round survey 3 months later. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure. Additionally, internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity were assessed in typical adolescents. In Study 2, the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale was administrated to 108 patients with major depressive disorder, 108 adolescents with subthreshold depression, and 108 healthy controls. Factor structure and convergent validity were assessed in the clinical and subclinical groups. Finally, a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the effect of depression severity on the scale scores. The results of Study 1 indicated that a four‐factor model (i.e., hobbies, food and drink, social activities, and sensory experience) best fit the data. Meanwhile, the scale also yielded good concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity, as well as high internal consistency and test–retest reliability, in typical adolescents. In Study 2, goodness‐of‐fit statistics also suggested a good fit for the four‐factor model in the two depressed groups. The one‐way ANOVA revealed significant group differences in the total and factor scores, whereby the major depressive disorder group had lower scores than the subthreshold depression group, whose scores were lower than the healthy controls, indicating excellent eligibility of the scale in depressed adolescents. The Chinese version of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to comprehensively measure state anhedonia in Chinese typical and depressed adolescents.
Molecular imprinted polymer for tramadol: Absorption and drug release studies
Authors: Morsi Samir M. M. , Youssef Ahmed M. , Kamal Kholod H. , Abd El‐Aziz Mahmoud E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmart polymeric matrices based on 2‐vinyl pyridine (2‐VPY) and three different crosslinkers: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), divinylbenzene (DVB), and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) were prepared either by the imprinting technique of the tramadol molecule or conventionally by the free radical polymerization process. The polymers were used as sorbent materials for tramadol from its solutions. The polymers prepared by the imprinting technique demonstrated superior absorption of tramadol molecules than those prepared by the conventional method. The two sorbent materials constructed from TMPTMA, regardless of the method, achieved the highest absorption capacity compared with those prepared from EGDMA or DVB. It was found that loaded imprinted polymer released more tramadol than loaded nonimprinted polymer in all media. In the acidic medium, the protonation of the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring ionized the chains and expanded the loaded pores leading to the rapid release over the neutral and alkaline media. Additionally, the isothermal studies of MIP3 and NIP3 were extremely fitted to Freundlich adsorption and the (D–R) isotherm, respectively, while the kinetic studies of both sorbents were fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order model.
Thermal regime variability of islands in the Lena River near Yakutsk, eastern Siberia
Authors: Costard François , Gautier Emmanuèle , Konstantinov Pavel , Bouchard Frederic , Séjourné Antoine , Dupeyrat Laure , Fedorov Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent evidence has shown that Arctic regions have warmed about twice as much as elsewhere on the planet over the last few decades, and that high‐latitude permafrost–periglacial processes and hydrological systems are notably responsive to rising temperatures. The aim of this paper is to report on the thermal regime of islands located along the Lena River floodplain, upstream of the city of Yakutsk (eastern Siberia). Four islands were monitored using waterproof dataloggers and continuous monitoring of frozen soil in contact with ice breakup of the Lena River. For each of these islands, we measured: (a) ground surface temperature, air and frozen soil temperatures at different depths; and (b) submersion duration during the flood. Our results show that within a zone of thick and continuous permafrost, the Lena floodplain is notably heterogeneous, with a combination of permanently and seasonally frozen islands. The ice breakups seem to have a negligible impact on the ground thermal regime. Our study confirms that relatively young (<30 years old) islands, composed of fine sand material, appear less prone to permafrost formation compared to older islands with ice‐rich silty material.
Distribution and characteristics of Pleistocene ground thermal contraction polygons in Europe from satellite images
Authors: Bertran Pascal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study of Pleistocene polygons in Europe carried out using the collection of satellite images available in Google Earth™ provides new data on the distribution of ground cracking by thermal contraction during glacial periods and sheds light on some factors controlling their formation. The distribution map shows that thermal contraction cracking affected terrain between latitude 43.5°N and the southern limit of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet at 15 ka, with a concentration of polygons north of latitude 51°N. A clear asymmetry exists in relation to longitude, with a greater southward extension of polygons in France (43.5°N) than in central Europe (47°N). Analysis of the characteristics of polygons at the European scale reveals an association with lithology, latitude, and the age of the sediments in which they formed. The morphological evolution over time reconstructed from observations of polygons of contrasting ages indicates that a stable mature phase, characterized by small (mean size 15 m), regular polygons with numerous Y‐junctions, is reached after ca. 4 ka of thermal contraction cracking activity.
Urolithin A alleviates acute kidney injury induced by renal ischemia reperfusion through the p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Mengmeng , Zhang Yaoyuan , Tian Mi , Chen Peng , Lan Yu , Zhou Benhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) is typically observed in renal surgeries and is a leading cause of renal failure. However, there is still an unmet medical need currently in terms of clinical treatments. Herein, we report the effect of Urolithin A (UA) in a mouse RIR model, wherein we demonstrated its underlying mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of p62 and Keap1 significantly decreased, while that of nuclear Nrf2 increased in vitro in a hypoxia cell model after UA treatment. Furthermore, the apoptosis of tubular cells was attenuated and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were reduced in the kidneys in a mouse RIR model after UA administration. In this study, we demonstrated that UA can alleviate oxidative stress and promote autophagy by activating the p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 signaling pathway, which could protect the kidneys from ischemia reperfusion injury.
Robotic‐assisted diaphragmatic plication: Improving safety and effectiveness in the treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis
Authors: Lampridis Savvas , Pradeep I. H. D. Saman , Billè Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiaphragmatic plication can be performed with various surgical approaches. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of robotic‐assisted plication.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent diaphragmatic plication from 2017 to 2021.ResultsEighteen patients underwent 20 operations, 11 of which were performed with robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) and 9 with open transthoracic approach. RATS was associated with shorter operating time (80 vs. 120 min; p = 0.04), less blood loss (20 vs. 100 ml; p = 0.01), shorter chest‐drain duration (1 vs. 3 days; p = 0.01), and shorter length of stay (3 vs. 7 days; p = 0.04). The median grade in the Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale improved from four to two in both groups.ConclusionsRobotic‐assisted diaphragmatic plication is a safe procedure that can significantly improve dyspnoea and is associated with shorter hospitalisation compared to open approach.