bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence–Powered Prediction of ALK Gene Rearrangement in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Terada Yukihiro , Takahashi Toshihiro , Hayakawa Takamitsu , Ono Akira , Kawata Takuya , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Muramatsu Koji , Tone Kiyoshi , Kodama Hiroaki , Imai Toru , Notsu Akifumi , Mori Keita , Ohde Yasuhisa , Nakajima Takashi , Sugino Takashi , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE Several studies reported the possibility of predicting genetic abnormalities in non–small-cell lung cancer by deep learning (DL). However, there are no data of predicting ALK gene rearrangement ( ALKr) using DL. We evaluated the ALKr predictability using the DL platform. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected 66 ALKr-positive cases and 142 ALKr-negative cases, which were diagnosed by ALKr immunohistochemical staining in our institution from January 2009 to March 2019. We generated virtual slide of 300 slides (150 ALKr-positive slides and 150 ALKr-negative slides) using NanoZoomer. HALO-AI was used to analyze the whole-slide imaging data, and the DenseNet network was used to build the learning model. Of the 300 slides, we randomly assigned 172 slides to the training cohort and 128 slides to the test cohort to ensure no duplication of cases. In four resolutions (16.0/4.0/1.0/0.25 μm/pix), ALKr prediction models were built in the training cohort and ALKr prediction performance was evaluated in the test cohort. We evaluated the diagnostic probability of ALKr by receiver operating characteristic analysis in each ALKr probability threshold (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 95%). We expected the area under the curve to be 0.64-0.85 in the model of a previous study. Furthermore, in the test cohort data, an expert pathologist also evaluated the presence of ALKr by hematoxylin and eosin staining on whole-slide imaging. RESULTS The maximum area under the curve was 0.73 (50% threshold: 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.82) in the resolution of 1.0 μm/pix. In this resolution, with an ALKr probability of 50% threshold, the sensitivity and specificity were 73% and 73%, respectively. The expert pathologist's sensitivity and specificity in the same test cohort were 13% and 94%. CONCLUSION The ALKr prediction by DL was feasible. Further study should be addressed to improve accuracy of ALKr prediction.
Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Preincision Cardiac Arrest in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Geube Mariya A. , Hsu Albert , Skubas Nikolaos J. , Liang Chen , Mi Junhui , Knuf Kayla M. , Marciniak Donn , Tong Michael Zhen-Yu , Duncan Andra E. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
We examined the incidence, postoperative outcomes, and patient-related factors associated with preincision cardiac arrest in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
We retrospectively examined adult patients undergoing elective or urgent cardiac surgery at the Cleveland Clinic between 2008 and 2019. The incidence of preincision cardiac arrest, defined as arrest between induction of general anesthesia and surgical incision, was reported. In a secondary analysis, we assessed the association between preincision cardiac arrest and major postoperative outcomes. In a tertiary analysis, we used adjusted linear regression models to explore the association between preincision cardiac arrest and prespecified patient risk factors, including severe left main coronary artery stenosis, left ventricular ejection fraction, moderate/severe right ventricular dysfunction, low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis, and moderate/severe pulmonary hypertension.

RESULTS:
Preincision cardiac arrests occurred in 75 of 41,238 (incidence of 0.18%; 95% CI, 0.17–0.26) patients who had elective or urgent cardiac surgery. Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation with return of spontaneous circulation or bridge to cardiopulmonary bypass occurred in 74 of 75 (98.6%) patients. Patients who experienced preincision cardiac arrest had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than those who did not (11% vs 2%; odds ratio [OR] (95% CI), 4.14 (1.94–8.84); P < .001). They were also more likely to suffer postoperative respiratory failure (46% vs 13%; OR [95% CI], 3.94 [2.40–6.47]; P < .001), requirement for renal replacement therapy (11% vs 2%; OR [95% CI], 3.90 [1.82–8.35]; P < .001), neurologic deficit (7% vs 2%; OR [95% CI], 2.49 (1.00–6.21); P = .05), and longer median hospital stay (15 vs 8 days; hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI], 0.68 [0.55–0.85]; P < .001). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (per 5% decrease) (OR [95% CI], 1.13 [1.03–1.22]; P = .006) and moderate/severe pulmonary hypertension (OR [95% CI], 3.40 [1.95–5.90]; P < .001) were identified as independent risk factors for cardiac arrest.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac arrest after anesthetic induction is rare in cardiac surgical patients in our investigation. Though most patients are rescued, morbidity and mortality remain higher. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and moderate/severe pulmonary hypertension are associated with greater risk for preincision cardiac arrest.
Alone in a crowd: effect of a nonfunctional lateral line on expression of the social hormone parathyroid hormone 2
Authors: Venuto Alexandra , Smith Cameron P. , Cameron-Pack Marybelle , Erickson Timothy 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Parathyroid hormone 2 (Pth2) is a vertebrate-specific neuropeptide for which thalamic expression is upregulated by social contact with conspecifics. However, social interactions fail to stimulate pth2 expression in isolated zebrafish in which lateral line hair cells have been chemically ablated. These results suggest that modulation of pth2 by social context is acutely dependent on mechanosensory information from the lateral line. However, it is unclear how a congenital loss of lateral line function influences the ability of zebrafish to interpret their social environment. In this study, we measure pth2 levels in zebrafish mutants lacking hair cell function in either the lateral line only, or in both the inner ear and lateral line. Socially raised lateral line mutants express lower levels of pth2 relative to wild-type siblings, but there is no further reduction when all sensory hair cells are nonfunctional. However, social isolation of hair cell mutants causes a further reduction in pth2 expression, pointing to additional unidentified sensory cues that influence pth2 production. Lastly, we report that social context modulates fluorescent transgenes driven by the pth2 promoter. Altogether, these data suggest that lateral line mutants experience a form of isolation, even when raised in a social environment.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The Phase Behavior of a Mixture of the Ionic Liquids [C8mim][AzoO] and [C8mim][PF6]
Authors: Miura Chihiro , Sanada Yusuke , Katsumoto Yukiteru , Watanabe Keisuke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mixtures of the ionic liquids 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium phenylazophenolate, abbreviated as [C8mim][AzoO] and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, abbreviated as [C8mim][PF6], have been known as smart materials with high moldability, electric conductivity, and self-healing properties. However, the structure and the phase behavior at low temperature are not well known in detail, which may change depending on the composition. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that a tiny amount of water is required for the crystallization of neat [C8mim][AzoO]. X-ray diffraction profiles indicate the coexistence of the crystalline phase and the liquid state for the one-component ionic liquid. Polarized optical microscopy indicates that the crystalline phase comprises needle-like microcrystals and coarse crystals. As a result, the phase diagram of the mixture [C8mim][AzoO]n[PF6]1−n is established. The mixture undergoes a complex phase behavior containing glass transition and crystallization, which drastically changes depending on the composition. Noteworthy, it is indicated that [C8mim][PF6] promotes the formation of microcrystals of [C8mim][AzoO], but not coarse crystals. On the other hand, [C8mim][AzoO] facilitates the supercooling of the liquid [C8mim][PF6]. These asymmetric effects enable [C8mim][AzoO]n[PF6]1−n to display moldable but electroconductive features.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE FINANCIAL MARKET: RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Bulyga Elizaveta S. , Vasyukova Lyudmila K. , Grigoryeva Valeriya I. , Dimov Roman P. 
Published: September 2022

The introduction of modern digital technologies into the practice of financial market entities contributes to the resolution of contradictions in economic relations between suppliers and consumers of financial products by forming a local compromise. The digitalization of financial services helps to increase the physical and tariff accessibility of financial services, reduces the costs of a financial company to expand its client portfolio. However, it should be noted that the production, sale and consumption of digital financial services and the digitalization of business processes of financial companies are associated with additional risks for all participants in economic relations.
Purpose. Study of opportunities and risks of forming an effective financial strategy for a consumer of financial services in the context of digital transformation of the financial market.
Methods and methodology. The article used the methodology of conflict-compromise management of economic relations, the general theory of risk, as well as content analysis of the literature on the research problem.
Results. Results were obtained that confirm the hypothesis that the digitalization of various business processes in financial companies will lead to an increase in the process of disintermediation, which will inevitably lead to the transformation of traditional business models of companies, a revision of the factors affecting the formation of profits of financial companies, and for consumers of financial services to the need to form patterns of responsible financial behavior in the context of financial market transformation.
Practical implications it is advisable to apply the results obtained by economic entities involved in the formation of functional strategies of companies.
NEURAL NETWORK “PERSEPTRON” AND A SEMANTIC MODEL OF KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION FOR STUDYING THE DYNAMICS OF THE RF GDP
Authors: Lomakin Nikolay I. , Peskova Olga S. , Yurova Olga V. , Kabina Viktoriya V. , Fedorovskaya Evelina O. 
Published: September 2022

Theoretical foundations of GDP dynamics under conditions of market uncertainty and the formation of a digital economy are studied. Forecasting GDP is important because it allows to ensure balance, sustainability in the development of various sectors of the national economy, and its economic security, which determines the practical significance of the study.
Purpose. To put forward and prove the hypothesis that with the help of the neural network model “perceptron” and the semantic model of knowledge representation, it is possible to obtain a forecast of Russia’s GDP for the next year.
The scientific novelty lies in the fact that forecasts of the RF GDP were generated using a semantic knowledge representation model and the Perceptron AI system.
Method or methodology of the work. The work used such methods as monographic, analytical, artificial intelligence system - perceptron, Mind histogram, as well as comparative analysis. Calculations were performed in tables XL perceptron was formed on the Deductor platform. We used a semantic knowledge representation model developed in the DOT language using the Graphviz 2.38 program.
Results. Theoretical foundations of the use of neural networks in economic forecasts have been studied. A semantic model of knowledge representation has been formed regarding forecasting the GDP of the Russian Federation by a neural network. The developed AI-system “perceptron” is presented, designed to forecast Russia’s GDP based on input parameters representing a set of data reflecting the development of the real sector of the economy and the financial sector of Russia for 2011–2021.
The scope of the results: economics, the financial sector, forecasting and planning of economic and financial activities.
Free Riding and Workplace Democracy—Heterogeneous Task Preferences and Sorting
Authors: Kamei Kenju , Markussen Thomas 
Published: September 2022

A novel laboratory experiment is used to show that mismatching between task preferences and task assignment strongly undermines worker performance and leads to free riding in teams. Unlike prior experiments using real effort tasks, task preferences are elicited from all workers. Under team-based remuneration (revenue sharing), free riding is significant, but this effect is largely driven by those working on undesired tasks. Workers’ endogenous sorting into tasks improves productivity as it mitigates task mismatching although workers’ task selection per se has only small effects on work performance and effort provisions beyond the positive sorting effects.This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.Funding: This work was supported by Independent Research Fund Denmark [Grant 4182-00163].Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4556 .
Individualized Dynamic Patient Monitoring Under Alarm Fatigue
Authors: Piri Hossein , Huh Woonghee Tim , Shechter Steven M. , Hudson Darren 
Published: September 2022

Individualized Patient Monitoring Under Alarm Fatigue Hospitals are rife with alarms, many of which are false. This leads to alarm fatigue, in which clinicians become desensitized and may inadvertently ignore real threats. “Individualized Dynamic Patient Monitoring Under Alarm Fatigue” by Piri, Huh, Shechter, and Hudson studies the problem of personalizing alarm thresholds for vital signs at a hospital while considering the ”boy who cried wolf” effect of false alarms. The authors create a model that learns patients’ personal alarm thresholds during their hospital stay and updates their alarm settings dynamically. They formulate the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process. They provide structural properties of the optimal policy and perform a numerical case study based on clinical data from an intensive care unit. They show that dynamic methods of alarm settings that explicitly consider the feedback loop of false positives can significantly reduce patient harm when compared with current methods of alarm settings.
Sample and Computationally Efficient Stochastic Kriging in High Dimensions
Authors: Ding Liang , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: September 2022

High-dimensional Simulation Metamodeling Stochastic kriging has been widely employed for simulation metamodeling to predict the response surface of complex simulation models. However, its use is limited to cases where the design space is low-dimensional because the sample complexity (i.e., the number of design points required to produce an accurate prediction) grows exponentially in the dimensionality of the design space. The large sample size results in both a prohibitive sample cost for running the simulation model and a severe computational challenge due to the need to invert large covariance matrices. To address this long-standing challenge, Liang Ding and Xiaowei Zhang, in their recent paper “Sample and Computationally Efficient Stochastic Kriging in High Dimensions”, develop a novel methodology — based on tensor Markov kernels and sparse grid experimental designs — that dramatically alleviates the curse of dimensionality. The proposed methodology has theoretical guarantees on both sample complexity and computational complexity and shows outstanding performance in numerical problems of as high as 16,675 dimensions.
REPRESENTAÇÕES DO RELEVO BRASILEIRO A PARTIR DA REALIDADE AUMENTADA: O uso da caixa de areia no ensino de geografia física
Authors: Brizzi Raphael Rodrigues , Gomes Francisco Carlos Moreira , Lobato Rodrigo Batista , Souza Andréa Paula De , Costa Alexander Josef Sá Tobias da , Costa Kelly Souza 
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como que o uso da sandbox, auxiliada por produtos cartográficos, pode contribuir para o ensino da geografia física como uma ferramenta pedagógica. Para tal, considerou-se a representação das formas de relevo como ponto de partida para a compreensão dos fenômenos e processos geológicos, geomorfológicos e climatobotânicos em diferentes escalas, ratificando a importância da análise espacial a partir dos domínios morfoclimáticos proposto por Ab’Saber (1967, 2003). A metodologia utilizada segue a classificação de relevo proposta por Ross (2008), que apresenta seis níveis taxonômicos a partir da planialtimetria do relevo e que foi representada a partir de diferentes linguagens cartográficas, como mapas temáticos, perfis topográficos, MDTs, fotografias, e, por fim, o uso da sandbox para a representação dessas formas, contextualizadas em diferentes escalas. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, de modo que foi possível representar cinco dos seis níveis taxonômicos na sandbox, pelos os alunos do ensino médio. A pesquisa concluiu que os alunos mostraram maior facilidade e interesse nos conteúdos abordados, quando estes foram apresentados a partir da sandbox, em relação aos mapeamentos temáticos previamente apresentados. Por outro lado, salientaram que sem a introdução/apresentação dos mapas, perfis topográficos e fotografias não seria possível a compreensão de todas as formas de relevo e sua relação com as questões socioambientais relacionadas ao domínio de mares de morros.
The IDD Paradigm of Shared Citizenship: Its Operationalization, Application, Evaluation, and Shaping for the Future
Authors: Schalock Robert L. , Luckasson Ruth , Tassé Marc J. , Shogren K. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Changes in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) over the last 5 decades has resulted in the emergence of the shared citizenship paradigm. This paradigm is currently guiding the development of IDD-related policies and practices, and providing a framework for application, research-based inquiry, and evaluation. A shared citizenship paradigm is one that envisions, supports, and requires the engagement and full participation of people with IDD as equal, respected, valued, participatory, and contributing members of every aspect of society. The overall goals of the paradigm are to (a) further advance and focus on people with IDD as active agents in the change process, and (b) improve outcomes for people with IDD, including their access to and opportunity for shared citizenship. This article describes the paradigm's operationalization, application, evaluation, shaping for the future, and specific strategies to overcome implementation challenges.
High-speed and low dark current silicon-waveguide-coupled III-V photodetectors selectively grown on SOI
Authors: Xue Ying , Han Yu , Wang Yi , Li Jie , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Zunyue , Cai Xinlun , Tsang Hon Ki , Lau Kei May 
Published: September 2022

Seamlessly integrating III-V active devices with Si passive components in a monolithic manner is the key for fully integrated Si photonics. In this article, we demonstrate high-performance III-V photodetectors directly grown on industry-standard (001)-oriented silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers and intimately coupled with Si waveguides. The Si-waveguide-coupled III-V photodetectors feature a low dark current of 60 pA corresponding to a current density of

0.002

A

/

c

m

2

, a large photocurrent exceeding 1 mA, responsivities of 0.4 A/W at 1.3 µm and 0.2 A/W at 1.5 µm, and a large detection wavelength range over the entire telecom band. High-speed measurements reveal a 3 dB bandwidth over 52 GHz and a data communication rate of 112 Gb/s with four-level pulse-amplitude modulation and 100 Gb/s with on–off keying. The monolithic integration scheme demonstrated for III-V photodetectors in this work is also applicable to future seamless integration of III-V lasers on the Si-photonics platform.
HIV prevention for the next decade: Appropriate, person-centred, prioritised, effective, combination prevention
Authors: Godfrey-Faussett Peter , Frescura Luisa , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Clayton Michaela , Ghys Peter D. ,   (on behalf of the 2025 prevention targets working group)
Published: September 2022

UNAIDS and a broad range of partners have collaborated to establish a new set of HIV prevention targets to be achieved by 2025 as an intermediate step towards the sustainable development target for 2030.The number of new HIV infections in the world continues to decline, in part due to the extraordinary expansion of effective HIV treatment. However, the decline is geographically heterogeneous, with some regions reporting a rise in incidence. The incidence target that was agreed for 2020 has been missed.A range of exciting new HIV prevention technologies have become available or are in the pipeline but will only have an impact if they are accessible and affordable and delivered within systems that take full account of the social and political context in which most infections occur. Most new infections occur in populations that are marginalised or discriminated against due to structural, legal, and cultural barriers.The new targets imply a new approach to HIV prevention that emphasises appropriate, person-centred, prioritised, effective, combination HIV prevention within a framework that reduces existing barriers to services and acknowledges heterogeneity, autonomy, and choice.These targets have consequences for people working in HIV programmes both for delivery and for monitoring and evaluation, for health planners setting local and national priorities, and for funders both domestic and global. Most importantly, they have consequences for people who are at risk of HIV exposure and infection.Achieving these targets will have a huge impact on the future of the HIV epidemic and put us back on track towards ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030.