bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with synchronous low burden of distant metastases
Authors: Müller Arndt-Christian , Aebersold Daniel M. , Albrecht Clemens , Böhmer Dirk , Flentje Michael , Ganswindt Ute , Ghadjar Pirus , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Höcht Stefan , Hölscher Tobias , Niehoff Peter , Pinkawa Michael , Sedlmayer Felix , Wolf Frank , Zamboglou Constantinos , Zips Daniel , Wiegel Thomas ,   Prostate Cancer Expert Panel of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) and the Working Party Radiation Oncology of the German Cancer Society (DKG-ARO)
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The DEGRO Expert Commission on Prostate Cancer has revised the indication for radiation therapy of the primary prostate tumor in patients with synchronous distant metastases with low metastatic burden.

Methods
The current literature in the PubMed database was reviewed regarding randomized evidence on radiotherapy of the primary prostate tumor with synchronous low metastatic burden.

Results
In total, two randomized trials were identified. The larger study, the STAMPEDE trial, demonstrated an absolute survival benefit of 8% after 3 years for patients with low metastatic burden treated with standard of care (SOC) and additional radiotherapy (RT) (EQD2 ≤ 72 Gy) of the primary tumor. Differences in the smaller Horrad trial were not statistically significant, although risk reduction in the subgroup (< 5 bone metastases) was equal to STAMPEDE. The STOPCAP meta-analysis of both trials demonstrated the benefit of local radiotherapy for up to 4 bone lesions and an additional subanalysis of STAMPEDE also substantiated this finding in cases with M1a-only metastases.

Conclusion
Therefore, due to the survival benefit after 3 years, current practice is changing. New palliative SOC is radiotherapy of the primary tumor in synchronously metastasized prostate cancer with low metastatic burden (defined as ≤ 4 bone metastases, with or without distant nodes) or in case of distant nodes only detected by conventional imaging.
Who to help? Helping decisions in a cooperatively breeding bird with redirected care
Authors: Sturrock Nicole J. , Hatchwell Ben J. , Firth Josh A. , Green Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cooperative breeding sometimes occurs when adult breeders form groups following natal dispersal and mating. In such cases, individuals typically face a choice of social partner with whom to cooperate. Selecting appropriate social partners is crucial to maximising the fitness payoffs from cooperation, but our understanding of the criteria guiding partner choice is limited. Here, we analyse helping decisions by long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus), which may redirect their care to assist breeders in raising offspring following the failure of their own nests. In this species, helpers prefer to help relatives at nearby nests, but it is unclear whether other criteria that may affect helper fitness also influence helping decisions. When choosing among broods of equivalent kinship, we found that helpers did not prefer those broods that offered the greatest indirect fitness returns. Further analyses revealed that helpers did not choose nests on the basis of brood size or age, but were more likely to help broods that were closer to their own failed nests and that were already being cared for by other helpers. Both effects likely reflect the limited choice available to helpers: although individuals breed close to relatives within kin neighbourhoods, a high rate of nest predation constrains helpers’ choice of broods. In other species where cooperatively breeding groups form after natal dispersal, a greater range of options may be available and here detailed analysis of group formation will be helpful for determining the decision rules that underpin partner choice and permit stable cooperation in the face of alternative options.

Significance statement
Cooperative breeding occurs most frequently when offspring delay dispersal from their natal site and help to care for their younger siblings. In some species, however, individuals first disperse and then come together as adults to cooperate in rearing young. In the latter case, multiple social partners may be available — what then determines which partner is helped? We studied partner choice in long-tailed tits, which may help to feed other broods if their own brood fails. When multiple related broods were available, individuals were more likely to help those close by but showed no preference for broods offering the greatest indirect fitness returns. One explanation for this result is that helping options for most individuals are limited by high levels of nest predation, favouring a simpler decision-making process based on identifying close relatives breeding in close proximity.
Effect of laser repetition rate on the growth of Sc2O3 via pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Govindassamy Goby A. , Prentice Jake J. , Lunney James. G. , Eason Robert W. , Mackenzie Jacob I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper reports a study of the effect of laser pulse repetition rate and substrate temperature on the properties of crystalline Sc2O3 films grown on <0001>-oriented sapphire via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). For the range of substrate laser-heating powers investigated, optimum <111>-film growth was obtained at the highest available repetition rate of 100 Hz. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that a decrease in the repetition rate favours highly textured/island growth. The repetition rate was also proven to affect the lattice constant of the films, with a difference up to 0.3% between the films grown at high and low repetition rates. The general trend indicates that the out-of-plane lattice constant of the film shifts closer to the bulk value when the pulse repetition rate is increased. However, the lattice constant could also be reduced through in-situ post-growth annealing, which had the additional benefit of reducing the width of the (222) rocking curve peak. This work provides further evidence that energetic-PLD dynamics leads to higher quality PLD-grown crystalline films and for this material undermines the old adage that lower pulse repetition rates lead to higher quality thin-film crystalline growth.
Erste klinische Ergebnisse mit dem PAUL®-Glaukom-Implantat an der Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn
Authors: Weber Constance , Hundertmark Sarah , Brinken Ralf , Holz Frank G. , Mercieca Karl 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Glaukom-Drainage-Implantate (GDI) stellen ein invasives Verfahren zur Behandlung beim Glaukom dar. Neben dem Baerveldt- und Ahmed-Glaukom-Implantat wurde das PAUL®-Glaukom-Implantat (PGI) als neues, innovatives Therapieverfahren entwickelt. Dieses unterscheidet sich v. a. hinsichtlich der geringeren Größe des Drainageröhrchens von den bisherigen Präparaten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Sechs-Monats-Ergebnisse des PGI wurden hinsichtlich Effektivität und Komplikationsrate analysiert.

Methoden
Eine Datenbank von Patienten, die mit dem PGI an der Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn versorgt wurden, wurde zur Dokumentation aller wesentlichen Parameter erstellt und kontinuierlich anhand der Verlaufskontrollen vervollständigt. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS Statistics for Windows.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden in dieser Studie 53 Augen der ersten 51 konsekutiv mit dem PGI behandelten Patienten eingeschlossen. Der durchschnittliche Augeninnendruck lag präoperativ bei 26,62 mmHg (7–48 mmHg) und reduzierte sich auf 12,20 mmHg (3–22 mmHg) nach sechs Monaten. Die lokale drucksenkende Therapie konnte von 3,37 Wirkstoffen präoperativ auf 0,30 Wirkstoffe nach sechs Monaten gesenkt werden. Die Komplikationsrate war insgesamt gering, bei drei Patienten (5,7 %) kam es zu einer persistierenden Hypotonie. Bei 16 Patienten wurde im postoperativen Verlauf nach durchschnittlich 2,9 Monaten der intraluminale Prolenefaden entfernt. Danach kam es bei diesen Patienten zu einer Drucksenkung von 22,21 mmHg auf 11,07 mmHg.

Schlussfolgerung
Das PAUL®-Glaukom-Implantat stellt eine sichere Behandlungsmethode dar, die erfolgreich den Augeninnendruck auf ein niedriges Niveau senkt, die drucksenkende Lokaltherapie reduziert und mit einer geringen Komplikationsrate, besonders hinsichtlich postoperativer Hypotonien, einhergeht.
Implementation and validation of a competency assessment tool for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Chevallay Mickael , Liot Emilie , Fournier Ian , Abbassi Ziad , Peloso Andrea , Hagen Monika E. , Mönig Stefan P. , Morel Philippe , Toso Christian , Buchs Nicolas , Miskovic Danilo , Ris Frederic , Jung Minoa K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Achieving proficiency in a surgical procedure is a milestone in the career of a trainee. We introduced a competency assessment tool for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our residency program. Our aim was to assess the inter-rater reliability of this tool.

Methods
We included all laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed by residents under the supervision of board certified surgeons. All residents were assessed at the end of the procedure by the supervising surgeon (live reviewer) using our competency assessment tool. Video records of the same procedure were analyzed by two independent reviewers (reviewer A and B), who were blinded to the performing trainee’s. The assessment had three parts: a laparoscopic cholecystectomy-specific assessment tool (LCAT), the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) and a 5-item visual analogue scale (VAS) to address the surgeon’s autonomy in each part of the cholecystectomy. We compared the assessment scores of the live supervising surgeon and the video reviewers.

Results
We included 15 junior residents who performed 42 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Scoring results from live and video reviewer were comparable except for the OSATS and VAS part. The score for OSATS by the live reviewer and reviewer B were 3.68 vs. 4.26 respectively (p = 0.04) and for VAS (5.17 vs. 4.63 respectively (p = 0.03). The same difference was found between reviewers A and B with OSATS score (3.75 vs. 4.26 respectively (p = 0.001)) and VAS (5.56 vs. 4.63 respectively; p = 0.004)).

Conclusion
Our competency assessment tool for the evaluation of surgical skills specific to laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been shown to be objective and comparable in-between raters during live procedure or on video material.
Artificial intelligence for diagnosing microvessels of precancerous lesions and superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas: a multicenter study
Authors: Yuan Xiang-Lei , Liu Wei , Liu Yan , Zeng Xian-Hui , Mou Yi , Wu Chun-Cheng , Ye Lian-Song , Zhang Yu-Hang , He Long , Feng Jing , Zhang Wan-Hong , Wang Jun , Chen Xin , Hu Yan-Xing , Zhang Kai-Hua , Hu Bing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) is an important factor for predicting invasion depth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The invasion depth is closely related to the selection of treatment strategy. However, diagnosis of IPCLs is complicated and subject to interobserver variability. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system to predict IPCLs subtypes of precancerous lesions and superficial ESCC.

Methods
Images of magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging from three hospitals were collected retrospectively. IPCLs subtypes were annotated on images by expert endoscopists according to Japanese Endoscopic Society classification. The performance of the AI system was evaluated using internal and external validation datasets (IVD and EVD) and compared with that of the 11 endoscopists.

Results
A total of 7094 images from 685 patients were used to train and validate the AI system. The combined accuracy of the AI system for diagnosing IPCLs subtypes in IVD and EVD was 91.3% and 89.8%, respectively. The AI system achieved better performance than endoscopists in predicting IPCLs subtypes and invasion depth. The ability of junior endoscopists to diagnose IPCLs subtypes (combined accuracy: 84.7% vs 78.2%, P < 0.0001) and invasion depth (combined accuracy: 74.4% vs 67.9%, P < 0.0001) were significantly improved with AI system assistance. Although there was no significant differences, the performance of senior endoscopists was slightly elevated.

Conclusions
The proposed AI system could improve the diagnostic ability of endoscopists to predict IPCLs classification of precancerous lesions and superficial ESCC.
Thermodynamic Characterization of Chemical Damage in Variably Saturated Water-Active Shales
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed Abdul Qadeer , Roshan Hamid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA constitutive framework is developed for variably saturated water-active swelling rocks undergoing chemical damage using modified mixture theory and continuum damage mechanics. The Helmholtzian thermodynamic potential for the skeletal system is derived as a function of the state variables including deformation, damage, two-phase fluid pressures, and chemical potential. Using this, in addition to chemo-poroelastic constitutive equations, a thermodynamically consistent first-order estimation of the damage variable is developed. The working of the theory is shown through the numerical example of water uptake in clay-rich shale rocks solved by the finite element method. The numerical results portray the significance of including variably saturated conditions in constitutive equations as a unique damage-dependent poroelastic behavior was observed for wet and dry regions. The theoretical-based damage estimation corroborated by previous experimental observations illustrates that the rock strength is dominantly controlled by the time of exposure to water rather than the level of water saturation. Contrary to what was perceived, the results show that poroelastic and chemo-poroelastic responses do not coincide even in less reactive shales due to the time-dependent water-induced microstructural deterioration of the rock. The microstructural deterioration increases the storage and flow capacity in the water-saturated region giving rise to substantive spatio-temporal changes in matrix stresses. The research findings provide valuable insights to understand how poromechanics plays a role in causing water uptake in water-sensitive rocks and how such behavior is coupled with associated microstructural chemical damage.
Wider urban zones: use of topology and nighttime satellite images for delimiting urban areas
Authors: Spinosa Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the literature on the definition of urban areas, the methodological approaches are divided into formalist (aggregation by density thresholds) and functionalist (aggregation by commuting quotas). This paper proposes a mixed approach, in which the territorial density threshold from the lower-level administrative unit is combined with the brightness of nighttime satellite imagery, intended as a proxy variable for the functional links. The objective is to attain a method for the delimitation of urban areas, to be used by various States and Regions across the world in an iterative procedure, for the delimitation of urban areas as connected topological spaces. This represents an independent method, compared to the various standards adopted by national and regional statistics bureaus, which allows comparing the infrastructural, economic, and social data of different cities in the world. Such cities are hence described in terms of the “real” dimension of the urban areas, partially correcting the bias related to the adoption of administrative perimeters as a “fact” when local authorities make decisions regarding them.
Amelioration of radiation-induced liver damage by p-coumaric acid in mice
Authors: Li Yun-Hong , Wu Jiang-Xue , He Qian , Gu Jia , Zhang Lin , Niu Hao-Zhi , Zhang Xin-Wen , Zhao Han-Ting , Xu Jia-Ying , Qin Li-Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRadiation-induced liver damage (RILD) is a spiny problem in radiotherapy or other circumstances that exposure to radiation. The need for radioprotective agent is increasing to protect liver tissue. This study aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effect ofp-coumaric acid (CA) against RILD. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 4 Gy irradiation and administrated with CA for 4 days starting on the same day of irradiation. Mice were sacrificed to obtain blood and liver tissues on day 3.5 or 14 post irradiation, respectively. The blood and liver tissues were collected. As compared with the only irradiated group, CA supplementation improved liver morphology, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibited BCL2-associated X (BAX) protein expression, and improved the mice hematopoietic function. CA at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed better effect compared to the other doses. Thus, CA might possess potential to protect against RILD.
A user-guided personalization methodology to facilitate new smart home occupancy
Authors: Ali S. M. Murad , Augusto Juan Carlos , Windridge David , Ward Emma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSmart homes are becoming increasingly popular in providing people with the services they desire. Activity recognition is a fundamental task to provide personalised home facilities. Many promising approaches are being used for activity recognition; one of them is data-driven. It has some fascinating features and advantages. However, there are drawbacks such as the lack of ability to providing home automation from the day one due to the limited data available. In this paper, we propose an approach, called READY (useR-guided nEw smart home ADaptation sYstem) for developing a personalised automation system that provides the user with smart home services the moment they move into their new house. The system development process was strongly user-centred, involving users in every step of the system’s design. Later, the user-guided transfer learning approach was introduced that uses an old smart home data set to enhance the existing smart home service with user contributions. Finally, the proposed approach and designed system were tested and validated in the smart lab that showed promising results.
A novel procedure for constructing invariant subspaces of a set of matrices
Authors: Al-Dweik Ahmad Y. , Ghanam Ryad , Thompson Gerard , Azad Hassan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA problem that is frequently encountered in a variety of mathematical contexts is to find the common invariant subspaces of a single or of a set of matrices. A new method is proposed that gives a definitive answer to this problem. The key idea consists of finding common eigenvectors for exterior powers of the matrices concerned. A convenient formulation of the Plücker relations is then used to ensure that these eigenvectors actually correspond to subspaces or provide the initial constraints for eigenvectors involving parameters. A procedure for computing the divisors of a totally decomposable vector is also provided. Several examples are given for which the calculations are too tedious to do by hand and are performed by coding the conditions found into Maple. Our main motivation lies in Lie symmetry, where the invariant subspaces of the adjoint representations for the Lie symmetry algebra of a differential equation must be known explicitly and comprehensively in order to determine all the ideals of the Lie symmetry algebra.
Planfeststellung und Plangenehmigung im Wasserhaushaltsrecht
Authors: Kümper Boas 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem in NuR (2022, Heft 2, S. 77ff.) und NuR (2022, Heft 5) die Reichweite des wasserhaushaltsrechtlichen
Planfeststellungsvorbehalts und Fragen der Verfahrenswahl, die Planrechtfertigung sowie die zwingenden Versagungsgründe
erörtert wurden, behandelt der abschließende dritte Teil des Beitrags die fachplanerische Abwägung
sowie die Rechtswirkungen der wasserhaushaltsrechtlichen Planfeststellung und Plangenehmigung.
Deformations of $$\mathrm {G}_2$$-instantons on nearly $$\mathrm {G}_2$$ manifolds
Authors: Singhal Ragini 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the deformation theory of$$\mathrm {G}_2$$G2-instantons on nearly$$\mathrm {G}_2$$G2manifolds. There is a one-to-one correspondence between nearly parallel$$\mathrm {G}_2$$G2structures and real Killing spinors; thus, the deformation theory can be formulated in terms of spinors and Dirac operators. We prove that the space of infinitesimal deformations of an instanton is isomorphic to the kernel of an elliptic operator. Using this formulation we prove that abelian instantons are rigid. Then we apply our results to describe the deformation space of the characteristic connection on the four normal homogeneous nearly$$\mathrm {G}_2$$G2manifolds.
Application of the adverse outcome pathway concept for investigating developmental neurotoxicity potential of Chinese herbal medicines by using human neural progenitor cells in vitro
Authors: Klose Jördis , Li Lu , Pahl Melanie , Bendt Farina , Hübenthal Ulrike , Jüngst Christian , Petzsch Patrick , Schauss Astrid , Köhrer Karl , Leung Ping Chung , Wang Chi Chiu , Koch Katharina , Tigges Julia , Fan Xiaohui , Fritsche Ellen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are organized sequences of key events (KEs) that are triggered by a xenobiotic-induced molecular initiating event (MIE) and summit in an adverse outcome (AO) relevant to human or ecological health. The AOP framework causally connects toxicological mechanistic information with apical endpoints for application in regulatory sciences. AOPs are very useful to link endophenotypic, cellular endpoints in vitro to adverse health effects in vivo. In the field of in vitro developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), such cellular endpoints can be assessed using the human “Neurosphere Assay,” which depicts different endophenotypes for a broad variety of neurodevelopmental KEs. Combining this model with large-scale transcriptomics, we evaluated DNT hazards of two selected Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) Lei Gong Teng (LGT) and Tian Ma (TM), and provided further insight into their modes-of-action (MoA). LGT disrupted hNPC migration eliciting an exceptional migration endophenotype. Time-lapse microscopy and intervention studies indicated that LGT disturbs laminin-dependent cell adhesion. TM impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation in human but not rat NPCs and activated a gene expression network related to oxidative stress. The LGT results supported a previously published AOP on radial glia cell adhesion due to interference with integrin-laminin binding, while the results of TM exposure were incorporated into a novel putative, stressor-based AOP. This study demonstrates that the combination of phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses is a powerful tool to elucidate compounds’ MoA and incorporate the results into novel or existing AOPs for a better perception of the DNT hazard in a regulatory context.
Graphical abstract