bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early initiation of electrical stimulation paired with range of motion after a volumetric muscle loss injury does not benefit muscle function
Authors: Basten Alec M. , Raymond‐Pope Christiana J. , Hoffman Daniel B. , Call Jarrod A. , Greising Sarah M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVolumetric muscle loss (VML) injury occurs when a substantial volume of muscle is lost by surgical removal or trauma, resulting in an irrecoverable deficit in muscle function. Recently, it was suggested that VML impacts whole‐body and muscle‐specific metabolism, which might contribute to the inability of the muscle to respond to treatments such as physical rehabilitation. The aim of this work was to understand the complex relationship between physical activity and the response to rehabilitation after VML in an animal model, evaluating the rehabilitation response by measurement of muscle function and whole‐body metabolism. Adult male mice (n = 24) underwent a multi‐muscle, full‐thickness VML injury to the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles and were randomized into one of three groups: (1) untreated; (2) rehabilitation (i.e., combined electrical stimulation and range of motion, twice per week, beginning 72 h post‐injury, for ∼8 weeks); or (3) rehabilitation and restriction of physical activity. There was a lack of positive adaption associated with electrical stimulation and range of motion intervention alone; however, maximal isometric torque of the posterior muscle group was greater in mice receiving treatment with activity restriction (P = 0.008). Physical activity and whole‐body metabolism were measured ∼6 weeks post‐injury; metabolic rate decreased (P = 0.001) and respiratory exchange ratio increased (P = 0.022) with activity restriction. Therefore, restricting physical activity might enhance an intervention delivered to the injured muscle group but impair whole‐body metabolism. It is possible that restricting activity is important initially post‐injury to protect the muscle from excess demand. A gradual increase in activity throughout the course of treatment might optimize muscle function and whole‐body metabolism.
Circulating Notch1 in response to altered vascular wall shear stress in adults
Authors: Badour Matthew I. , Stone Rachel M. , Parikh Khushali S. , Lester Nicholas J. , Meloche Olivia L. , Wulterkens Renee N. , Bain Anthony R. 
Published: September 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is the plasma concentration of Notch1 extracellular domain altered in response to decreased and increased vascular wall shear stress in the forearm in humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Notch1 extracellular domain is increased with acute increases in antegrade shear rate but does not change with 20 min of decreased shear rate caused by distal forearm occlusion. A novel and integral endothelial mechanosensor in humans that can help explain vascular endothelial adjustments in response to increases in antegrade shear stress was characterized.

AbstractNotch1 has been proposed as a novel endothelial mechanosensor that is central for signalling adjustments in response to changes in vascular wall shear stress. However, there remains no controlled in vivo study in humans. Accordingly, we sought to address the question of whether plasma concentrations of Notch1 extracellular domain (ECD) is altered in response to transient changes in vascular wall shear stress. In 10 young healthy adults (6M/4F), alterations in shear stress were induced by supra‐systolic cuff inflation around the wrist. The opposite arm was treated as a time control with no wrist cuff inflation. Plasma was collected from an antecubital vein of both arms at baseline, 20 min of wrist cuff inflation (low shear), as well as 1–2 min (high shear) and 15 min following (recovery) wrist cuff release. The Notch1 ECD was quantified using a commercially available ELISA. Duplex ultrasound was used to confirm alterations in shear stress. In the experimental arm, concentrations of Notch1 ECD remained statistically similar to baseline at all time points except for immediately following cuff release where it was elevated by ∼50% (P = 0.033), coinciding with the condition of high antegrade shear rate. Concentrations of Notch1 ECD remained unchanged in the control arm through all time points. These data indicate that Notch1 is a viable biomarker for quantifying mechanotransduction in response to increased shear stress in humans, and it may underlie the vascular adaptations or mal‐adaptations associated with conditions that impact antegrade shear.
La ciudadanía, educación y migración internacional: el caso de México, 2007-2020
Authors: Fernández-Tapia Joselito 
Published: September 2022

El objetivo es analizar la relación entre la educación como derecho y el acceso a la educación igualitaria, incluyendo a los inmigrantes (extranjeros), para caracterizar semejanzas y diferencias en relación con los estudiantes mexicanos. Los resultados son analizados desde las teorías de ciudadanía, derechos humanos y desarrollo humano. Metodológicamente se utiliza el análisis documental de la legislación, las políticas públicas y de estudios empíricos, y entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos. Resultados: reconocimiento de la educación de inmigrantes como derecho, problemas de acceso y ejercicio de derecho en la práctica, sin políticas integrales para su ejercicio y ausencia de una pedagogía inclusiva e intercultural (de la complejidad).
Liderar una escuela con orientación intercultural: discursos, tensiones y paradojas
Authors: Valdés René , Fardella Carla 
Published: September 2022

La figura del equipo directivo en la inclusión de estudiantes extranjeros resulta relevante en un sistema donde predomina la nueva gestión pública (NGP). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las políticas de interculturalidad en función de las demandas y los desafíos que se le asignan a los equipos directivos en el contexto de la NGP. Para ello, se realizó un análisis del discurso a través de repertorios interpretativos a 30 documentos oficiales. Los resultados destacan la figura de un equipo directivo altamente demandado, con poca incidencia en los procesos pedagógicos y culturales y tensionado por los principios de la NGP.
Methodology for the Redesign of Compressor Blades Undergoing Nonlinear Structural Interactions: Application to Blade-Tip/Casing Contacts
Authors: Kojtych Solène , Nyssen Florence , Audet Charles , Batailly Alain 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, the drive towards more efficient aircraft engines has pushed the boundaries of operating ranges far beyond a linear structural context. Nonlinear interfaces, such as blade-tip/casing contacts, are to be expected in nominal operating conditions. However, current blade design methodologies still rely on empirical structural considerations, often linear, which may lead to costly redesign operations. This work aims at proposing a methodology for the redesign of blades undergoing nonlinear structural interactions. A three-step redesign process is considered: (1) parameterization of an existing blade, (2) update of blade parameters with respect to a surrogate performance criterion, and (3) performance check of the optimized blade. An original two-way parameterization method is proposed to parameterize existing blades and generate models from blade parameters. As a proof-of-concept, the redesign of the NASA compressor blade rotor 37 and fan blade rotor 67 with respect to blade-tip/casing contacts is considered. High-fidelity parameterized models of the initial blades are obtained and their dynamic response to contact interactions are analyzed. Geometries are updated with respect to their clearance consumption, as its minimization has shown beneficial effects on the considered contact interactions. The proposed methodology allows us to better assess the relevance of this performance criterion in the context of blade-tip/casing contacts.
A New Simulation-Based Methodology to Improve Medium-Speed Diesel Engines BSFC/NOx Tradeoff With an Optimized Air Charging System
Authors: Xavier Tauzia , Cyril Rondeau , Simon Poiret , Pascal Chesse , Georges Salameh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper aims at introducing an original, simulation based, methodology to optimize air charging system of a medium speed engine in order to improve fuel consumption/NOx tradeoff, over a given load profile. A preliminary study is performed on an engine originally equipped with fixed geometry turbocharger (TC) matched at full load. It shows that improving the TC efficiency has a positive impact at matching point but an adverse effect at lower loads. Therefore, matching the TC at part load is more promising when the whole engine operating range is considered. However, this requires using a relief system to avoid unacceptable peak firing pressure (PFP) at full load, and may alter regulated NOx emission. A new, original methodology is then proposed. Using an advanced existing algorithm, it allows for simultaneous optimization of injection timing, main TC matching and relief system design. The objective is to minimize fuel consumption averaged over several operating points (corresponding to actual load profile). At the same time, NOx emission, evaluated on regulatory cycle, is kept below a given limit and others reliability constrains are fulfilled.
The methodology is assessed with several case studies:
• First, various relief systems (blow-off valve, waste gate (WG) and parallel sequential turbocharger (PTC)) are compared on a given load profile.
• Then, the dimensioning of a TC + WG system is performed for two different load profiles.
In both cases, the proposed methodology leads to a charging system design customized for a given user profile, which enables a significant fuel consumption reduction.
Investigation of Self-Heating During Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing and Effect on Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Titanium 6Al-4V
Authors: Celli Dino A. , Scott-Emuakpor Onome , Warner Justin , George Tommy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) data and experiments, 107–109 cycles to failure, have traditionally been both a cumbersome and costly task to perform. However, characterizing VHCF behavior of material systems is critical for the design and sustainability of turbine engines as outlined in the turbine engine structural integrity program (ENSIP). With recent advancements, ultrasonic fatigue (UF) test systems have become increasingly available to generate VHCF fatigue data. A primary consideration for ultrasonic fatigue testing is the frequency of loading, the resulting thermal evolution, and its effect on fatigue life. To mitigate the heat generation within the specimen during experiments, cooling air is directed to the specimen and cyclic loading is performed by selecting an appropriate test frequency or defining a duty cycle rather than continuously subjected to fatigue. However, standardization of experimental test procedures remains ongoing and continues to be developed. In this study, a Shimadzu USF-1000A ultrasonic fatigue test system is used to characterize VHCF behavior of Ti-6Al-4V to understand the effect of duty cycle and thermal evolution on fatigue life for ultrasonic fatigue testing. Titanium 6Al-4V test specimens are subjected to fully reversed axial fatigue at 20 kHz exciting resonance in an axial mode to better characterize the experimental process. Three duty cycle-cooling air configurations and their effect on fatigue life due to self-generated heat during the experiment are investigated. Heat generation is monitored in situ via a single-point optical pyrometer, and in situ mechanical and thermal data are collected and compared to standardized servohydraulic fatigue test data performed in this study as well as from data found in the literature.
Attribute-Sentiment-Guided Summarization of User Opinions From Online Reviews
Authors: Han Yi , Nanda Gaurav , Moghaddam Mohsen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eliciting informative user opinions from online reviews is a key success factor for innovative product design and development. The unstructured, noisy, and verbose nature of user reviews, however, often complicate large-scale need finding in a format useful for designers without losing important information. Recent advances in abstractive text summarization have created the opportunity to systematically generate opinion summaries from online reviews to inform the early stages of product design and development. However, two knowledge gaps hinder the applicability of opinion summarization methods in practice. First, there is a lack of formal mechanisms to guide the generative process with respect to different categories of product attributes and user sentiments. Second, the annotated training datasets needed for supervised training of abstractive summarization models are often difficult and costly to create. This article addresses these gaps by (1) devising an efficient computational framework for abstractive opinion summarization guided by specific product attributes and sentiment polarities, and (2) automatically generating a synthetic training dataset that captures various degrees of granularity and polarity. A hierarchical multi-instance attribute-sentiment inference model is developed for assembling a high-quality synthetic dataset, which is utilized to fine-tune a pretrained language model for abstractive summary generation. Numerical experiments conducted on a large dataset scraped from three major e-Commerce retail stores for apparel and footwear products indicate the performance, feasibility, and potentials of the developed framework. Several directions are provided for future exploration in the area of automated opinion summarization for user-centered design.
Bio-Inspired Avenues for Advancing Brain Injury Prevention
Authors: Ezemba Jessica , Layton Astrid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bio-inspired design is a highly promising avenue for uncovering novel traumatic brain injury prevention equipment designs. Nature has a history of providing inspiration for breakthrough innovations, particularly in cases when the traditional engineering mindset has failed to advance problem- solving. This work identifies patterns and trends in the ways that nature defends against external stimuli and predators, investigating them with the goal of highlighting promising inspiration for brain injury prevention. Two key strategies were found missing in engineering applications while identifying patterns and strategies used in nature: (1) connections between layers in multilayered material structures and (2) the use of multiple strategies in a single design. Nine organisms are highlighted in detail as examples of patterns in biological methods of protection, both on a macro and microscale. These findings include the coconut’s shell, the pomelo fruit’s peel, the golden scale snail’s shell, the ironclad beetle’s exoskeleton, the woodpecker’s skull, the Arapaima fish’s scales, conch shells, and the dactyl club of shrimp. The results highlight knowledge gaps preventing these findings from being applied as well as recommendations for moving toward their use in engineering design.
The Importance of Shape in Particle Rebound Behaviors
Authors: Wilson Jacob , Qiao Rui , Kappes Matthew , Loebig James , Clarkson Rory 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Physics-based particle rebound models are essential for the accurate tracking of particles in aero engines. Current models are often informed by analysis of spherical particle impact, but particles ingested in engines typically feature edges and corners. Understanding the effects of particle shape on rebound behavior is critical for ascertaining the range of validity of existing models and for developing improved models. Here, we report on first-principle simulations of cubical particles impacting Ti-6Al-4V targets. Our simulations reveal that, in the case of normal impact at a given incident speed, the coefficient of restitution (CoR) of cubes exhibits significant scattering. The scattering and median of computed CoR show good agreement with recent experiments using sand particles of the same volume-based size, sphericity, and incident speed. Comparison with spheres impacting the same target shows that the median CoR of cubes is significantly lower than that of spheres. Further, the rebound of cubes features significant rotation and transverse velocity, which can account for ∼60% of a rebounding cube’s energy but are negligible modes of energy transfer in impacts involving spheres. We identify that the moment arm length, a parameter that characterizes the mass distribution of angular particles impacting a target, plays a key role in particle rebound, and its distribution is strongly correlated with rebound stochasticity. These findings can benefit the development of physics-based low-order models of angular particle rebound.
Multiphysics Numerical Study of Solar Receiver Tube for Enhanced Thermal Efficiency and Durability in Concentrated Solar Power Tower Plant
Authors: Hatcher Shawn , Khadka Rajan , Pidaparthi Bharath , Missoum Samy , Li Peiwen , Xu Ben 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the search for advanced and more substantial ways to use renewable energy, concentrated solar power (CSP) is one of the leading research ideas with the ability to have higher thermal efficiencies and capability of storing energy. Among the various CSP systems, the receiver tube in concentrated solar power tower (CSPT) plant is one of the most crucial components subjected to extreme working conditions. For tubular receiver operates with temperatures above 700°C, preliminary simulations shown an egregious temperature gradient greater than from the sunny side to the shadow region for a smooth tube, and the intense heat on the tube surface also causes deformation and buckling, therefore circumferential flow needs to be induced in order to create more flow mixing for a more uniform temperature distribution. In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics was adopted to explore the coupled hydro-thermal-mechanical effects when the receiver tubes have internal fins. The solar receiver tube is a hybrid material made of Inconel 718 and Boron mixture. The simulation showcases both forced and natural convection along with the solar radiation on one half of the tube. Multiple fins designs were simulated and compared in terms of heat transfer enhancement and minimized pressure drop, and the design of 7-head helical fins was chosen. By introducing the internal fins, the circumferential flow was observed in the flow domain, therefore it eventually led to a more uniform temperature profile for both the outer surface and bulk fluid temperatures. With a more uniform, lower surface temperature, the convective heat losses are considerably lower. The thermal efficiency was enhanced from 79.4% to 80.4%, and the structural deformation was reduced by 21.4%. Simulations were conducted to explore the effect of tube surface roughness on the absorbance and reflectivity. Various randomly generated curves with changing roughness heights were considered. The results proved that the increased surface roughness enhances the solar absorption from 0.55 to 0.80 with the hybrid mixture. This study has potential to transform the design and manufacturing of solar receiver tubes for high temperature applications, and it can directly support the current on-going efforts to reach the US Department of Energy (DOE) CSP 2030 goal.
Numerical Analysis of Flow Over Slitted Cylinder and Experimental Validation Using Soap-Film Technique
Authors: Janajreh Isam , Hassan Hussain , Abderrahmane Hamid Ait , Ali Ussama , Islam Md 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low Reynolds number flow (Re = 100) over a slitted 2D cylinder was examined to analyze the flow characteristics within the slit and the role it plays on the shedding frequency. The goal of this work is to explore the enhancement of the lift and reduction of the drag for energy harvesting purposes. One way of achieving this goal is by controlling the separation of the incompressible laminar boundary layer through blowing and suction. However, in this work it is passively controlled by the cylinder slit. Different slit orientation (azimuth angles: 0, π/12, π/6, π/4, 5π/12, and π/2) at 10% slit-to-diameter ratio was considered. The work was carried out numerically by seeking solution to the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. Validation was done experimentally utilizing the 2D vertical soap film tunnel available in our laboratory at Khalifa University. The visualization in soap film tunnel exploits the optical properties of soap film and relies on the wake formation patterns and the frequency at which vortices shed using well developed imaging techniques. These flow visualizations of the vortex shedding behind the cylinder with and without slit were recorded and analyzed to infer its Strouhal number (St = f.D/U). From the common Roshko’s graph (Re vs St) the Reynolds number was determined, and the film property was evaluated. Using common flow as baseline the technique can be used to validate numerous 2D-flow simulations, airfoils, bluff bodies, and even the oscillating flow around them. The details of the soap-film technique and parameters for successful experimentation are provided and demonstrated on slitted cylinder. The results are validated using numerical technique and the results from the literature.
CHAP-Adult: A Reliable and Valid Algorithm to Classify Sitting and Measure Sitting Patterns Using Data From Hip-Worn Accelerometers in Adults Aged 35+
Authors: Bellettiere John , Nakandala Supun , Tuz-Zahra Fatima , Winkler Elisabeth A.H. , Hibbing Paul R. , Healy Genevieve N. , Dunstan David W. , Owen Neville , Anne Greenwood-Hickman Mikael , Rosenberg Dori E. , Zou Jingjing , Carlson Jordan A. , Di Chongzhi , Dillon Lindsay W. , Jankowska Marta M. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Ridgers Nicola D. , Zablocki Rong , Kumar Arun , Natarajan Loki 
Published: September 2022

Background: Hip-worn accelerometers are commonly used, but data processed using the 100 counts per minute cut point do not accurately measure sitting patterns. We developed and validated a model to accurately classify sitting and sitting patterns using hip-worn accelerometer data from a wide age range of older adults. Methods: Deep learning models were trained with 30-Hz triaxial hip-worn accelerometer data as inputs and activPAL sitting/nonsitting events as ground truth. Data from 981 adults aged 35–99 years from cohorts in two continents were used to train the model, which we call CHAP-Adult (Convolutional Neural Network Hip Accelerometer Posture-Adult). Validation was conducted among 419 randomly selected adults not included in model training. Results: Mean errors (activPAL − CHAP-Adult) and 95% limits of agreement were: sedentary time −10.5 (−63.0, 42.0) min/day, breaks in sedentary time 1.9 (−9.2, 12.9) breaks/day, mean bout duration −0.6 (−4.0, 2.7) min, usual bout duration −1.4 (−8.3, 5.4) min, alpha .00 (−.04, .04), and time in ≥30-min bouts −15.1 (−84.3, 54.1) min/day. Respective mean (and absolute) percent errors were: −2.0% (4.0%), −4.7% (12.2%), 4.1% (11.6%), −4.4% (9.6%), 0.0% (1.4%), and 5.4% (9.6%). Pearson’s correlations were: .96, .92, .86, .92, .78, and .96. Error was generally consistent across age, gender, and body mass index groups with the largest deviations observed for those with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Conclusions: Overall, these strong validation results indicate CHAP-Adult represents a significant advancement in the ambulatory measurement of sitting and sitting patterns using hip-worn accelerometers. Pending external validation, it could be widely applied to data from around the world to extend understanding of the epidemiology and health consequences of sitting.