bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acculturation
Authors: Raisa Aantaki , Ho Evelyn Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acculturation is a form of cultural transmission or adaptation from outside a person's own cultural group, resulting from direct contact (i.e., colonization, immigration) or indirect contact (i.e., media exposure, books). Originating in intercultural studies, acculturation made its mark in health through epidemiological research and in health communication through women's acculturation to a society that objectifies the female body. However, a majority of current health communication research incorporates acculturation to understand immigrant health behaviors. Due to the current trend of patient‐centered communication in healthcare, addressing and understanding a patient's identity is given utmost priority. For individuals experiencing adaptation to new cultures, acculturation provides a pathway for understanding their changing identities. The four main acculturated identities – integrated, assimilated, separated, and marginalized – can help clinicians and health communication experts develop suitable patient–clinician communication/communication‐based interventions for acculturated individuals. A lack of clear understanding of an acculturating individual's identity, on the other hand, may lead to stereotyping and further marginalizing minority population groups. Despite its importance, acculturation research lacks rigor in measurement, defining, and operationalizing culture. Moreover, implicit assumptions made in most acculturation research, such as the inherent “goodness” of acculturation or having a target culture to acculturate toward, reinforces societal power structure and pressures ethnic and cultural minorities to (most often) Westernize, instead of acculturating. Future research needs to focus on developing more rigorous scales and defining and operationalizing culture in the context of the study.
CIH (Complementary and Integrative Healthcare): Chinese Medicine
Authors: Luk Pauline , Chang Leanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chinese medicine is one of the world's most ancient medical and healing practices that originated from China. It demonstrates a medical and health system that reflects the philosophy and values of Chinese culture. Chinese medicine has been marked as a branch of complementary and alternative medicine and listed as traditional medicine, oriental medicine, and Asian medicine in global medical discourse. This entry briefly discusses: (i) the concept formation and development of Chinese medicine; (ii) interpersonal communication of Chinese medicine from the perspective of physician–patient communication, interprofessional collaboration, and intergenerational communication; and (iii) information about Chinese medicine in the media.
Cultural Humility
Authors: Qi Diane , Ho Evelyn Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultural humility is a framework developed in the biomedical field to train and guide clinicians to provide equitable and high‐quality care to increasingly diverse patient populations. Cultural humility builds upon the related concept of cultural competency, which has a greater emphasis on obtaining knowledge and skill sets relevant to cross‐cultural care. Instead, cultural humility emphasizes lifelong learning and self‐reflection without a finite end point, patient‐focused interviewing, community‐based care and advocacy, and institutional humility. Since the coining of cultural humility, its application in multiple health fields and with multiple patient populations has been explored. In addition, culturally humble communication strategies have been developed. However, there is still need for further examination of the applications of cultural humility, the impact of cultural humility on clinical practice, and the development of cultural humility training curricula. In addition, cultural humility has been understudied in the field of health communication and more work is needed to examine the relationship between cultural humility and other existing health communication concepts.
Voice of Lifeworld, Voice of Medicine
Authors: Koenig Christopher J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Sociologist and psychiatrist Elliot Mishler's monograph titled
The Discourse of Medicine: Dialectics of Medical Interviews
builds on critical theory and social phenomenology to propose that people's use of language in their everyday lives is different from the specialized languages professionals use for specialized work in various professional settings. These languages are proposed as “voices” where individuals engaged in the act of speaking as part of their everyday life and personal, subjective experience speak in the “Voice of the Lifeworld” (VOL). Similarly, individuals engaged in speaking as part of their professional life using technical medical vocabulary enact the “Voice of Medicine” (VOM). This entry outlines Mishler's theoretical proposal and then traces how the VOL and VOM have been empirically applied and theoretically expanded. The entry concludes with suggestions for future research directions.
Emergency Preparedness Communication
Authors: Ranjit Yerina S. , Houston J. Brian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This entry provides an overview of emergency preparedness communication, its conceptual explication, relevant theories and research, and future directions of this field. Emergency preparedness communication refers to individuals' ability to prevent, and reduce harm before, during, and after, natural or human‐caused emergency events. Although emergencies are not always preventable, being prepared can reduce the impact on individuals and the community. Related to risk and crisis communication, emergency preparedness communication is complex and multidisciplinary with academic roots in emergency management, public health, communication, and social psychology. In communication, persuasion theories and the communication ecology model offer useful theoretical frameworks to understand the key determinants of emergency preparedness.
Science Communication
Authors: Ho Shirley S. , Yu Peihan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Science communication encompasses communication
about
science, as well as communication
of
science, each with its own aims. The communication
about
science aims to involve the public in defining the boundaries of science, thus enabling them to shape and conduct science. The communication
of
science, on the other hand, conveys scientific information from scientific experts to nonexperts, and aims to promote behavior that is in line with science. Similar to science communication, health communication also involves the exchange of information with different populations – specifically, health‐related information – but with the aim to change or sustain a health behavior or practice that can improve public health outcomes. Health communication can draw on findings from science communication research to understand public health attitudes, and design effective health communication strategies. Various communication theories have been used to understand public attitudes toward vaccines and new technologies, such as novel foods and energy technologies. In the age of new media, science communication has become ever more complex. It needs to be considered in the context of this changing media landscape, where science and health misinformation can easily surface, and be further reinforced in “echo chambers” or “filter bubbles.”
Stigma Communication
Authors: Hoffner Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stigma has been defined as a mark or label that associates a negatively stereotyped attribute with a person, elicits contempt and rejection from others, and leads to adverse life consequences. Stigmas are not inherent in people; they are socially constructed and shared via language and other forms of communication. Most research has focused on stigmas related to health and disability, workplaces and occupations (“dirty work”), social deviance, and devalued social groups (e.g., based on race, ethnicity, nationality). Stigmas of all types adversely affect the health and well‐being of stigmatized individuals. Stigma is multifaceted, including public stigma, self stigma, stigma by association, and structural stigma. Communication plays a central role in creating, sharing, perpetuating, and responding to stigma. Smith's model of stigma communication offers a broad perspective on stigma communication, including features of stigma messages, social transmission of stigma, and responses to stigma. In this model, stigma messages are characterized by marks, labels, etiology, and peril. Social transmission of stigma messages occurs in response to perceived threat and negative emotions, in part to mobilize protective responses. Stigma may be conveyed interpersonally, in contexts such as families, workplaces, and healthcare facilities. The media is also a source of stigma communication, including messages shared on social networking sites. Stigma is also communicated by/within institutions, through practices, policies, and laws that promote prejudice and discriminatory practices. Responses to stigmatization include concealment and social withdrawal, as well as actively challenging stigma. Public stigma reduction efforts include social/parasocial contact, anti‐stigma media campaigns, protest, and activism.
Substance Abuse: Prescription Drugs
Authors: Scheinfeld Emily , Crook Brittani , Yang Jiahua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The World Health Organization states that we are facing a global public health issue surrounding the abuse of prescription drugs, defined as either taking a prescription in a dose that is not prescribed, or taking someone else's prescription. For some, this misuse may be for legitimate reasons, including pain relief, heightened anxiety, or trouble focusing or sleeping. For others, they are merely taking the medication to get a high or to feel a sense of disassociation. This misuse of prescription drugs could have even started as one reason and morphed into another. To better understand the public health issue surrounding prescription drugs and substance use, and the communicative processes surrounding the issue, we examine patient–clinician communication, intraprofessional communication, as well as the role of mass media, and important interpersonal relationships.
Well‐Being
Authors: Chen Yixin , Smallwood Margaret 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This entry provides an introduction to well‐being research in the context of health communication. It discusses four important types of well‐being: subjective well‐being, psychological well‐being, emotional well‐being, and social well‐being. It also examines various psychosocial and communication factors that influence well‐being, including social support and communication competence. Well‐being at the individual level and the national level are reviewed as well. Finally, the entry offers a critique of well‐being research and suggests future research directions.
Cotton waste and nanoclay‐based phenolic novolac epoxy composites and evaluation of their properties
Authors: Soydal Ulku 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, two types of biobased epoxy composites were prepared by using only alkali‐treated cotton waste (CtW), or with the nanoclay (NC) in the form of hybrid reinforcement. Phenol novolac‐type epoxy resin (EPN) was used as a matrix. Untreated (CtW) and alkali‐treated (NaOH‐CtW) particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The average size for NC was determined as 3838 nm. Composites were prepared at 10–50 wt% NaOH‐CtW and 20 wt% NaOH‐CtW/(1–2–3–4–5) wt% NC ratios. The morphology of the composites was investigated using SEM. The composites' properties were determined by applying thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and various tests (tensile, hardness, water sorption, and surface contact angle measurement). The tensile strength of pure EPN was 96.6 MPa, while it changed in the range of 74–98 and 81–106 MPa for NaOH‐CtW and hybrid composites, respectively. All hybrid composites exhibited higher Young's modulus values (7.7–8.9 GPa). Thermal values of hybrid composites were found higher and their char percentages varied in the range of 28.9–30.3%. NaOH‐CtW increased the water sorption of the epoxy matrix from 0.59% up to 6% by 50 wt%. In contrast, a decrease in water sorption of NC composites was observed.
A sandwich‐structure, low‐temperature sensitive and recyclable liquid metal organic hydrogel for a wearable strain sensor
Authors: Dong Yiwei , Wang Chen , Hu Zhirui , Mao Shujuan , Wei Xiaotong , Fu Yueqing , Li Jie , Han Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrently, sensors based on hydrogels are less sensitive at low temperatures, and discarded sensors are prone to generate e‐waste. Thus, it is challenging to design and prepare novel hydrogels with good properties for wearable sensors. Herein, we report a sandwich‐structure liquid metal organic hydrogel with low‐temperature sensitive, recyclable and multiple sensation properties. Liquid metal (LM)/cross‐linked chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CHACC) composite is prepared by evaporating ethanol and water co‐solvent as the core layer. CHACC is used as the top and the bottom layer respectively. The optimal performance of the organic hydrogel is obtained when the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1:3. The LM/CHACC organic hydrogel exhibits excellent stretchability (strain: 428.37%). Importantly, it has fast responsiveness, recyclability and excellent low‐temperature sensitivity (GF = 8.29) at −20°C. The sensors possess stress‐temperature sensation with high sensitivity. Moreover, LM as the conductive filler is recyclable under acidic conditions. We demonstrate the functionality of the LM/CHACC organic hydrogel to detect human joint movements and fine movements at low temperatures. It is anticipated to open up new sensing applications based on LM organic hydrogel‐based wearable sensors.
Social violence and the trivialising effects of youth in school bullying: Extended listening to South Australian young people on bullying and violence
Authors: Lohmeyer Ben A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSchool bullying attracts significant research and resources globally, yet critical questions are being raised about the long‐term impact of these efforts. There is a disconnect between young people's perspectives and the long‐established psychology‐based technical definitions of school bullying dominating practice and policy in Australia. This dominant paradigm has recently been described as the first paradigm of school bullying. In contrast, this paper explores the potential for reorienting school bullying research towards the concerns of young people and away from adult‐derived technical definitions. Borrowing from paradigm two, which emphasises the social, cultural and philosophical (among others) elements of school bullying, in this paper, I approach bullying under the broad banner of ‘social violence’. This approach addresses some of the inherent limitations of the first paradigm to conceptualise social and cultural dynamics. I argue that a ‘social violence’ approach reveals that the exclusionary effects of the social phenomenon of youth continue to be overlooked. Furthermore, the term ‘violence’ in bullying research could benefit from integrating contemporary sociological insights on this phenomenon. This paper draws on qualitative insights from a small group of young people in secondary schooling in South Australia gained through prolonged listening to peer conversations in a series of focus groups. In addition, 1:1 interviews were conducted pre and post the focus group series. I argue that these participants' insights reveal the exclusionary effects of youth and the employment of bullying to trivialise young people's experiences and concern for harm. There is a need to reprioritise young people's knowledge in school bullying research and the exclusionary effects of youth alongside other social forces.
Covalent Modification of Bromodomain Proteins by Peptides Containing a DNA Damage‐Induced, Histone Post‐Translational Modification
Authors: Jacinto Marco Paolo , Heidenreich David , Müller Susanne , Greenberg Marc M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn electrophilic 5‐methylene‐2‐pyrrolone modification (KMP) is produced at lysine residues of histone proteins in nucleosome core particles upon reaction with a commonly formed DNA lesion (C4‐AP). The nonenzymatic KMP modification is also generated in the histones of HeLa cells treated with the antitumor agent, bleomycin that oxidizes DNA and forms C4‐AP. This nonenzymatic covalent histone modification has the same charge as the N‐acetyllysine (KAc) modification but is more electrophilic. In this study we show that KMP‐containing histone peptides are recognized by, and covalently modify bromodomain proteins that are KAc readers. Distinct selectivity preferences for covalent bromodomain modification are observed following incubation with KMP‐containing peptides of different sequence. MS/MS analysis of 3 covalently modified bromodomain proteins confirmed that Cys adduction was selective. The modified Cys was not always proximal to the KAc binding site, indicating that KMP‐containing peptide interaction with bromodomain protein is distinct from the former. Analysis of protein adduction yields as a function of bromodomain pH at which the protein charge is zero (pI) or cysteine solvent accessible surface area are also consistent with non‐promiscuous interaction between the proteins and electrophilic peptides. These data suggest that intracellular formation of KMP could affect cellular function and viability by modifying proteins that regulate genetic expression.
Novel 2D Layered Manganese Silicate Nanosheets with Excellent Performance for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Ammonia
Authors: Li Yanqin , Wan Yinji , Sun Ruobing , Qian Gang , Liu Zhisong , Dan Jianming , Yu Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) catalysts are highly attractive for their great potential in environment remediation and energy conversion. In this work, a novel layered manganese silicate (MnSiO3) catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method using silica in vermiculite, a layered silicate clay mineral, as the lattice‐matching matrix and silicon source. The epitaxial growth of MnSiO3 is confined in the 2D directions, resulting in the morphology of vermiculite crystal thin nanosheets. The physichemical characterization results showed that MnSiO3 possessed higher Mn4+ content, acidic sites and reducing substances than that of MnOx/SiO2. The MnSiO3 therefore exhibited 100 % NO conversion rate with 85 % N2 selectivity at 150 °C in the NH3−SCR process. In situ DRIFTS studies show that MnSiO3 has strong NO adsorption capacity and NH3 activation capacity, which is beneficial to the improvement of NH3−SCR activity.
σ‐Holes in Iodonium Ylides: Halogen‐Bond Activation of Carboxylic Acids, Phenols and Thiophenols May Enable Their X−H Insertion Reactions
Authors: Montgomery Carlee A. , Jameel Islam , Cuzzucoli Fabio , Chidley Tristan , Hopkins W. Scott , Murphy Graham K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe first systematic evaluation of the electrostatic potential energy maps of iodonium ylides was conducted. We determined that they possess two σ‐holes of differing electron deficiencies, with the more electropositive σ‐hole located opposite the dative I−C bond to the β‐dicarbonyl motif, and the lesser electropositive σ‐hole located opposite the iodoarene C−I bond. We also conducted the first systematic evaluation of carboxylic acids, phenols and thiophenols in the O/S‐alkylation reaction of iodonium ylides. While carboxylic acids and thiophenols were found to be generally viable, only phenols possessing electron‐withdrawing substituents were effective. This high‐yielding and highly chemoselective reaction is believed to involve halogen‐bond activation of heteroatoms, and nicely complements existing diazo‐based methods for alkylation of acidic functional groups.
Catalysts as Key Enablers for the Synthesis of Bioplastics with Sophisticated Architectures
Authors: Rittinghaus Ruth D. , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBioplastics are one of the answers to environmental pollution and linear material flows. The most promising bioplastic polylactide (PLA) is already replacing conventional plastics in a number of applications. The properties of PLA, however, do not fit for all potential application areas, but they can be altered by the introduction of comonomers. The copolymerization of lactide (LA) with other lactones like ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) has been established for several years. Nevertheless, controlling copolymerizations remains a challenge due to the high complexity of the system. Copolymerization of LA with other monomer classes is much less investigated, but has the chance to overcome the limitations in material properties that occur when only lactones are used. The crucial factor for all copolymerizations is the catalyst. It dominates the reaction kinetics and determines the resulting microstructure. In this review, copolymerization catalysts for LA are presented divided into catalysts for the synthesis of lactone block copolymers, lactone random copolymers, and multimechanistically synthesized copolymers. The selected catalysts are highlighted either owing to their industrially applicable polymerization conditions or their non‐standard mechanism.
Structure–Property Relationship of Cyano‐Functionalized Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chi Xu , Chen Qian , Lan Zhi‐An , Zhang Xirui , Chen Xiong , Wang Xinchen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConjugated polymers (CPs) have garnered increasing attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their stability and molecular tunability. Understanding the structure–property relationship in CPs and addressing appropriate molecular design strategies are pivotal to improving the photocatalytic performance of CPs. Herein, a new efficient cyano (CN) engineering approach was proposed to promote the photocatalytic performance of CPs, and three representative CP‐based photocatalysts with different CN contents were tailor‐made to investigate the relationship between CN functionalization and photocatalytic activity. A series of systematically experimental and theoretical studies reveal that CN functionalization contributes to strengthening the donor‐acceptor (D‐A) interaction, enhancing the light absorption ability, charge separation/transfer efficiency, and hydrophilicity of CPs, and also facilitating the output of separated photoinduced electrons from CPs to Pt cocatalyst. Thus, the dicyano‐functionalized polymer (P‐2CN) manifests an attractive photocatalytic performance in hydrogen production. This study provides a facile strategy to develop excellent CP‐based photocatalysts for solar fuel production.