bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Expander Followed by Autogenous Bone Graft Versus Autogenous Bone Graft Alone for Mandibular Reconstruction: Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Tawfik Bahaa Eldin Abdrabbo , El-Sayed Amany Khalifa , Mohamed Raafat Elghetany , Elsayed Shadia A. , Hosny Mostafa Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The use of a tissue expander in maxillofacial intraoral tissue reconstruction is a developing approach, which provide adequate tissue coverage and aesthetics.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the use of a soft tissue expander in conjunction with autogenous bone graft with bone graft alone for the repair of the mandible’s anterior region.

Methods:
The study comprised 24 patients with bone defects in the anterior mandibular region. Patients were divided into 2 groups at random. In group I, expander with bone graft was used, whereas in group II, bone graft was used alone. Volumetric measures of the grafted area was performed using CBCT, and cephalometric evaluations of the anteroposterior and vertical skeletal relationship, as well as the soft tissue profile were recoded. A comparison was made between the 2 groups 6 and 24 months after surgery with P≤ 0.05 considered significant.

Results:
The mean difference in grafted bone volume between the 2 groups was 1.95 cm3, indicating a significant difference between the 2 groups (P= 0.05) with superior group I results. The soft tissue profile of group I demonstrated a considerable improvement and stability of the lower lip, the labiomental sulcus, and the thickness of the soft tissue Pogonion compared with group II.

Conclusion:
The use of a tissue expander in conjunction with a bone graft resulted in a better soft tissue profile, making it a favored approach in maxillofacial reconstruction.
Comparative Safety of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass up to 5 Years After Surgery in Patients With Medicaid
Authors: Howard Ryan , Yang Jie , Thumma Jyothi , Ehlers Anne , O’Neill Sean , Arterburn David , Ryan Andrew , Telem Dana , Dimick Justin B. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Compare adverse outcomes up to 5 years after sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass in patients with Medicaid.

Background:
Sleeve gastrectomy is the most common bariatric operation among patients with Medicaid; however, its long-term safety in this population is unknown.

Methods:
Using Medicaid claims, we performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. Instrumental variables survival analysis was used to estimate the cumulative incidence and heterogeneity of outcomes up to 5 years after surgery.

Results:
Among 132,788 patients with Medicaid, 84,717 (63.8%) underwent sleeve gastrectomy and 48,071 (36.2%) underwent gastric bypass. A total of 69,225 (52.1%) patients were White, 33,833 (25.5%) were Black, and 29,730 (22.4%) were Hispanic. Compared with gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy was associated with a lower 5-year cumulative incidence of mortality (1.29% vs 2.15%), complications (11.5% vs 16.2%), hospitalization (43.7% vs 53.7%), emergency department (ED) use (61.6% vs 68.2%), and reoperation (18.5% vs 22.8%), but a higher cumulative incidence of revision (3.3% vs 2.0%). Compared with White patients, the magnitude of the difference between sleeve and bypass was smaller among Black patients for ED use [5-y adjusted hazard ratios: 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94–1.08 vs 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88–1.00), P<0.001] and Hispanic patients for reoperation [5-y adjusted hazard ratios: 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86–1.05) vs 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69–0.83), P<0.001].

Conclusions:
Among patients with Medicaid undergoing bariatric surgery, sleeve gastrectomy was associated with a lower risk of mortality, complications, hospitalization, ED use, and reoperations, but a higher risk of revision compared with gastric bypass. Although the difference between sleeve and bypass was generally similar among White, Black, and Hispanic patients, the magnitude of this difference was smaller among Black patients for ED use and Hispanic patients for reoperation.
Vagal paraganglioma extending to the brain: a case report with literature review
Authors: Kakamad Fahmi H. , Mohammed Shvan H. , Fatah Mariwan L. , Hattam Azad S. , Qaradakhy Aras J. , Abdullah Ari M. , Mustafa Umed M. , Naqar Sharo 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Vagal paraganglioma (VP) is a rare tumor of the vagus nerve (VII). This study aims to present a rare case of VP extending to the brain.

Case report:
A 35-year-old woman presents with neck swelling for 1 year. On examination, there was an ill-defined hard mass involving the left side of the anterior neck, fixed in all directions. A neck ultrasound revealed an irregular mass attached to both carotid arteries. A computed tomography scan showed a large lobulated, intensely enhanced mass encasing left carotid carotid vessels. Total resection under general anesthesia was done. Histopathologic examination revealed VP.

Discussion:
VP is the rarest form of paraganglioma and accounts for <5% of all head and neck paragangliomas. The average age of diagnosis for these patients is reported to be 45 years. VP poses a therapeutic challenge due to its anatomic location, and surgery is often associated with a significant rate of postoperative morbidities, particularly loss or impaired vagus nerve function.

Conclusion:
VP is a rare tumor of the head and neck, even rarer in young adults. A standard management approach is absent for these cases.
Cellular schwannoma of the posterior tongue: a rare case report with a literature review
Authors: Hammood Zuhair D. , Baba Hiwa O. , Saeed Yadgar A. , Salih Abdulwahid M. , Noori Savo Sh. , Abdullah Hiwa O. , Tahir Soran H. , Kakamad Fahmi H. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Schwannoma is a gradually growing encapsulated benign tumor arising from the Schwan cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. This study aims to report a rare case of tongue cellular schwannoma.

Case presentation:
A 15-year-old boy presented with a swelling of the posterior part of the tongue that had started 2 years prior. On examination, a large mass was seen in the posterior part of the tongue. It was smooth, mobile, and nontender on palpation. A contrast computed tomography scan of the neck revealed an irregular, ill-defined, thick-walled cystic lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well-circumscribed, enhancing mass measuring about 5×4.56×4.59 cm and causing compression upon the oropharyngeal airway. Histopathologic examination revealed a cellular schwannoma.

Discussion:
Histologically, all schwannoma tumors are encapsulated. Under the capsule, there are 2 specific patterns associated together, but they can be easily differentiated from each other. The first one is made up of firmly aggregated Schwan cells arranged in rows with palisade and enlarged nuclei which are known as Antoni type-A. The second one is the Antoni type-B that consists of weakly packed Schwann cells.

Conclusion:
Tongue schwannoma is regarded as a solitary encapsulated benign tumor that may cause complications like difficulty in phonation. The primary treatment modality usually is transoral excision.
Variations on Ogden’s model: close and distant relatives
Authors: Ehret A. E. , Stracuzzi A. 
Published: August 2022

The power law in terms of stretch, the truncated series representation and the Valanis–Landel hypothesis are distinguished features of Ogden’s strain-energy density function. While they represent a set of special constitutive choices, they have also been shown recently to allow a particular molecular statistical interpretation of the model, where each of these ingredients can be associated with a step in the development of the strain-energy density of the polymer network from the statistical mechanics of long-chain molecules. The schematic of this perspective brings us into a position to vary these steps individually. By this means, Ogden’s theory can be embedded in a certain family of models within the large class of isotropic hyperelastic materials, whose members can be identified as close and distant ‘relatives’.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Ogden model of rubber mechanics: Fifty years of impact on nonlinear elasticity’.
Bifurcation analysis of residually stressed neo-Hookean and Ogden electroelastic tubes
Authors: Melnikov Andrey , Merodio Jose , Bustamante Roger , Dorfmann Luis 
Published: August 2022

The conditions for bifurcation of a circular cylindrical tube of elastic material subjected to combined axial loading and internal pressure are well known and are frequently used as a reference in related works. The present paper takes the theory further by considering a residually stressed circular cylindrical dielectric tube subjected to a combination of internal or external pressure, axial load and radial electric field. We examine axisymmetric incremental deformations and increments in the electric displacement superimposed on a known finitely deformed and residually stressed configuration in the presence of an electric field. The governing equations and boundary conditions are first obtained in general form and then specialized for the neo-Hookean and Ogden electroelastic models. The system of equations is solved numerically for different values of charge density and radial and circumferential residual stresses, and the results are compared with the purely elastic case. The bifurcation curves are presented as the azimuthal stretch on the inner surface versus the axial stretch together with the corresponding zero pressure curves.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Ogden model of rubber mechanics: Fifty years of impact on nonlinear elasticity’.
An adaptable, monobody-based biosensor scaffold with FRET output
Authors: Presti Maria F. , Ha Jeung-Hoi , Loh Stewart N. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTProtein-based fluorescent biosensors are powerful tools for analyte recognition in vitro and in cells. Numerous proteinaceous binding scaffolds have been developed that recognize ligands with affinity and specificity comparable to those of conventional antibodies, but are smaller, readily overexpressed, and more amenable to engineering. Like antibodies, these binding domains are useful as recognition modules in protein switches and biosensors, but they are not capable of reporting on the binding event by themselves. Here, we engineer a small binding scaffold—a consensus-designed fibronectin 3 monobody—such that it undergoes a conformational change upon ligand binding. This change is detected by Förster resonance energy transfer using chemical dyes or cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins as donor/acceptor groups. By grafting substrate recognition residues from different monobodies onto this scaffold, we create fluorescent biosensors for c-Abl Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, WD40-repeat protein 5 (WDR5), small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO), and h-Ras. The biosensors bind their cognate ligands reversibly, with affinities consistent with those of the parent monobodies, and with half times of seconds to minutes. This design serves as generalizable platform for creating a genetically-encoded, ratiometric biosensors by swapping binding residues from known monobodies, with minimal modification.
CD8+T-cell memory induced by successive SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations is characterized by clonal replacement
Authors: Aoki Hiroyasu , Kitabatake Masahiro , Abe Haruka , Xu Peng , Tsunoda Mikiya , Shichino Shigeyuki , Hara Atsushi , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Motozono Chihiro , Ito Toshihiro , Matsushima Kouji , Ueha Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractmRNA vaccines against the Spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) elicit strong T-cell responses. However, it’s not known whether T cell clonotypes responding to the first vaccination repeatedly expand with booster vaccinations. Here, we temporally tracked the CD8+T-cell repertoire in individuals who received three shots of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. By analyzing the kinetic profile of CD8+T-cell clonotypes responding to the first, second, or third shot, we demonstrated that newly expanded clonotypes elicited by the second shot replaced many of those that responded to the first shot. Although these 2ndresponder clonotypes expanded after the third shot, their clonal diversity was skewed, and they were partially replaced by newly elicited the 3rdresponders. Furthermore, this replacement of vaccine-responding clonotypes occurred within the same Spike epitope. These results suggest that CD8+T-cell memory induced by repetitive mRNA vaccination is characterized by the emergence of new dominant clones.
Wounding promotes root regeneration through a cell wall integrity sensor, the receptor kinase FERONIA
Authors: Xie Qijun , Chen Weijun , Xu Fan , Ouyang Shiling , Chen Jia , Wang Xuening , Wang Yirong , Mao Longfer , Zhou Wenkun , Yu Feng 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWounding caused by various stresses is the initial event of plant regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the early wounding responses to promote plant regeneration remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) interacts with Topless/Topless-related proteins (TPL/TPRs) to regulate the expression of regeneration-related genes to modulate root tip regeneration. One ligand of FER, rapid alkalinization factor 33 (RALF33), is stimulated by wounding and functions together with FER to promote regeneration. Single-cell sequencing data showed that the low-differentiation cell types in the stele may account for the enhanced regeneration ability in the fer mutant, especially in the columella and quiescent center (QC). Further interaction assays and analysis of the gene expression patterns in low-differentiation cell types confirmed that FER interacts with TPL/TPRs to regulate the expression of downstream regeneration-related genes. One of their downstream targets, an essential transcription factor (TF) in root regeneration, ERF115, acts downstream of FER-TPL/TPRs to control regeneration. Our results suggested a signaling pathway between the early wounding response and regeneration processes in roots.One-sentence summaryRALF33-FER serves as an early signaling module between wounding and regeneration by functioning with TPL/TPRs in roots.
Chemotaxonomy supports morphology in the identification of Vepris hemp (Rutaceae) a new species of Critically Endangered deciduous forest shrub from Usambara Mts, Tanzania
Authors: Langat Moses , Hemp Andreas , Cheek Martin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTHemp 7152, a sterile herbarium plot voucher of a shrub from a rare type of deciduous forest in the Usambara Mts, Tanzania was tentatively identified using morphology as a new species of Vepris (Rutaceae). To gain further support for its placement its chemistry was investigated. The compounds isolated from Hemp 7152 were four quinoline alkaloids, kokusaginine (1), N-methylplaty-desminium ion (9), ribalinium ion (10), and isoplatydesmine (11), and seven acridone alkaloids, arborinine (2) 1,2,3-trimethoxy-N-methylacridone (3), 1,2,3,5-tetramethoxy-N-methylacridone (4), 1,3-dimethoxy-N-methylacridone (5) and toddaliopsis A (6), evoxanthine (7) and tecleanthine (8). In addition, lupeol and ferulic acid were isolated from this plant. The combination of quinoline and acridone alkaloids is restricted to the Rutaceae family, confirming beyond reasonable doubt the placement of this material in the Rutaceae. Within Rutaceae in tropical Africa, only the genus Vepris is unarmed, with trifoliolate leaves. Using an identification key, and herbarium specimen matching, Hemp 7152 was morphologically placed as close to Vepris uguenensis, sharing xerophytic characters unusual in the genus. The species are geographically close, occurring in adjoining mountains in northern Tanzania. However, Vepris uguenensis contains 13 alkaloids which are not present in Hemp 7152, nor in any other species of Vepris that has been studied, supporting species recognition for Hemp 7152 which is formally named as Vepris hemp, morphologically characterised, illustrated and assessed as Critically Endangered using the IUCN 2012 standard. The new species appears restricted to an almost extinct type of deciduous forest, characterised in this paper.
Parallel CRISPR-Cas9 screens reveal mechanisms of PLIN2 and lipid droplet regulation
Authors: Roberts Melissa A. , Deol Kirandeep K. , Lange Mike , Leto Dara E. , Mathiowetz Alyssa J. , Stevenson Julian , Hashemi Sayed Hadi , Morgens David W. , Easter Emilee , Heydari Kartoosh , Nalls Mike A. , Bassik Michael C. , Kampmann Martin , Kopito Ron R. , Faghri Faraz , Olzmann James A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTLipid droplets (LDs) are lipid storage organelles that consist of a central core of neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer decorated with a unique set of integral and peripheral proteins. Invariably, at least one member of the perilipin family of proteins (PLIN1-5) associates with LDs in all cell types. Despite key roles of PLIN2 in governing hepatic lipid metabolism, the mechanisms that regulate PLIN2 levels remain incompletely understood. Here, we develop a set of genome-edited PLIN2 reporter cell lines that facilitate the analysis of genes that regulate PLIN2 and LD abundance. Leveraging these reporter cells in a series of CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens, we generate a comprehensive inventory of genes that influence PLIN2 levels under different metabolic conditions. Moreover, we uncouple their effects on PLIN2 expression and post-translational stability. Identified genetic modifiers include canonical genes that control LD metabolism (e.g., ACSL3, DGAT2, PNPLA2, ABHD5) as well as genes with less characterized roles in PLIN2 and LD regulation such as ubiquitination machinery (e.g., MARCH6, UBE2J2), transcription regulators (e.g., HNF4A, HDAC3), mitochondrial pathways (e.g., electron transport chain and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis), and others. These CRISPR screens, and several published screens that focus on different aspects of lipid metabolism, provide the foundation for CRISPRlipid (http://crisprlipid.org), a versatile, online data commons for lipid-related functional genomics data. Together, our study uncovers new mechanisms of PLIN2 regulation and provides an extensive, phenotype-rich resource for the exploration of LD biology and lipid metabolism.
Short-term high fat diet feeding of mice suppresses catecholamine-stimulated Ca2+ signalling in hepatocytes and intact liver
Authors: Brumer Robert P. , Corrêa-Velloso Juliana C. , Thomas Samantha J. , Sandiford Oleta A. , Thomas Andrew P. , Bartlett Paula J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExcess consumption of carbohydrates, fat, and calories leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic insulin resistance; major factors in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes. Hormones and catecholamines acting through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) linked to phospholipase C (PLC) and increases in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c) regulate many metabolic functions of the liver. In the intact liver, catabolic hormones such as glucagon, catecholamines and vasopressin integrate and synergize to regulate the frequency and extent to which [Ca2+]c waves propagate across hepatic lobules to control metabolism. Dysregulation of hepatic Ca2+ homeostasis has been implicated in the development of metabolic disease, but changes in hepatic GPCR-dependent Ca2+ signalling have been largely unexplored in this context. We show that short-term, 1-week, high fat diet (HFD) feeding of mice attenuates norepinephrine-stimulated Ca2+ signalling, reducing the number of cells responding and suppressing the frequency of [Ca2+]c oscillations in both isolated hepatocytes and intact liver. The 1-week HFD feeding paradigm did not change basal Ca2+ homeostasis; endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, store-operated Ca2+ entry and plasma membrane Ca2+ pump activity were unchanged compared to low fat diet (LFD) fed controls. However, norepinephrine-induced IP3 production was significantly reduced after HFD feeding, demonstrating an effect of HFD on receptor-stimulated PLC activity. Thus, we have identified a lesion in the PLC signalling pathway induced by short-term HFD feeding, which interferes with hormonal Ca2+ signalling in isolated hepatocytes and the intact liver. These early events may drive adaptive changes in signalling, which lead to pathological consequences in fatty liver disease.Key points summaryNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing epidemic.In healthy liver, the counteracting effects of catabolic and anabolic hormones regulate metabolism and energy storage as fat. Hormones and catecholamines promote catabolic metabolism via increases in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c).We show that 1 week high fat diet (HFD) feeding of mice attenuated the Ca2+ signals induced by physiological concentrations of norepinephrine. Specifically, HFD suppressed the normal pattern of periodic [Ca2+]c oscillations in isolated hepatocytes and disrupted the propagation of intralobular [Ca2+]c waves in the intact perfused liver.Short-term HFD inhibited norepinephrine-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) generation, but did not change basal endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load or plasma membrane Ca2+ fluxes.We propose that impaired Ca2+ signalling plays a key role in the earliest phases of the etiology of NAFLD, and is responsible for many of the ensuing metabolic and related dysfunctional outcomes at the cellular and whole tissue level.
Five decades of data yield no support for adaptive biasing of offspring sex ratio in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
Authors: Zipple Matthew N , Archie Elizabeth A , Tung Jenny , Mututua Raphael S. , Warutere J. Kinyua , Siodi I. Long’ida , Altmann Jeanne , Alberts Susan C 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the past 50 years, a wealth of testable, often conflicting, hypotheses have been generated about the evolution of offspring sex ratio manipulation by mothers. Several of these hypotheses have received support in studies of invertebrates and some vertebrate taxa. However, their success in explaining sex ratios in mammalian taxa, and especially in primates, has been mixed. Here, we assess the predictions of four different hypotheses about the evolution of biased offspring sex ratios in the well-studied baboons of the Amboseli basin in Kenya: the Trivers-Willard, female rank enhancement, local resource competition, and local resource enhancement hypotheses. Using the largest sample size ever analyzed in a primate population (n = 1372 offspring), we test the predictions of each hypothesis. Overall, we find no support for adaptive biasing of sex ratios. Offspring sex is not consistently related to maternal dominance rank or biased towards the dispersing sex, nor it is predicted by group size, population growth rates, or their interaction with maternal rank. Because our sample size confers power to detect even subtle biases in sex ratio, including modulation by environmental heterogeneity, these results suggest that adaptive biasing of offspring sex does not occur in this population.