bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels, Trends, and Causes of Adolescent and Young Adult Maternal Mortality in Nigeria During 1990–2017: Analysis of the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study Database
Authors: Dahiru Tukur , Nmadu Awawu Grace , Oyefabi Adegboyega Moses , Woje Clement , Nwankwo Bilkisu , Muhammad-Idris Zainab Kwaru 
Published: July 2022

Background: Despite the global progress made in reducing maternal mortality in the past two decades, the health of adolescents and young adult women (10-24 years) has been neglected based on the wrong assumption that they are healthy, especially in a developing country like Nigeria; this is despite the fact that adolescents and young adults (AYA) constitute over 16% of Nigeria’s population. Thus, this study aimed to determine the levels, trends, and causes of maternal mortality among AYA women aged 10-24 years in Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that utilized secondary data sets running from 1990 to 2017 from the Global Burden of Disease Study’s (GBD) online interactive tool downloaded from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) platform. From the database, we extracted the numbers of maternal deaths (10-49 years), adolescent and young adults’ maternal deaths (10-24 years), the proportion of maternal deaths (10-24 years), and both maternal mortality ratio and rate for 15-49 years old and 10-24 years old in the form of Comma separated values (CSV) and converted into XLS file in Microsoft (MS) Excel format for the analysis. Frequencies, proportions, and charts were generated using MS Excel.
Result: A total of 122,107 maternal deaths occurred among adolescents and young adults (AYA), which is 26% of all deaths occurring among 10-49 years old. Year-to-year changes in the absolute numbers of maternal deaths among AYA showed that it ranged from 3,866 (1990) to 4,451 (2017), showing a slight upward increase over the period; however, both AYA maternal mortality ratio and rate show consistent declines over the period. AYA maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for adolescents aged 15-19 years was 17% higher than for young adults aged 20-24 years. Sepsis was the leading cause of adolescent maternal death (MMR of 168), followed by maternal hypertensive disorder, obstructed labor, maternal hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, and abortion. A total of 460,155 maternal deaths occurred in women aged 10-49 years during the study period. Maternal deaths in the age group 10-24 years ranged from 3,866 (29.8%) in 1990 to 4,451 (25.1%) in 2017. The maternal mortality ratio in women aged 10-49 years declined by about 30% for the 1990 – 2017 period.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The study showed that adolescents and young adults are at increased risk of maternal deaths in Nigeria. Therefore, multi-faceted maternal health programs in the country need to target this age group to prevent maternal deaths.

Copyright © 2022 Dahiru et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Cyclophilin A associates with and regulates the activity of ZAP70 in TCR/CD3-stimulated T cells
Authors: Anto Nikhil Ponnoor , Arya Awadhesh Kumar , Muraleedharan Amitha , Shaik Jakeer , Nath Pulak Ranjan , Livneh Etta , Sun Zuoming , Braiman Alex , Isakov Noah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ZAP70 protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) couples stimulated T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) to their downstream signal transduction pathways and is sine qua non for T cell activation and differentiation. TCR engagement leads to activation-induced post-translational modifications of ZAP70, predominantly by kinases, which modulate its conformation, leading to activation of its catalytic domain. Here we demonstrate that ZAP70 in TCR/CD3-activated mouse spleen and thymus cells, as well as human Jurkat T cells, is regulated by the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), cyclophilin A (CypA) and that this regulation is abrogated by cyclosporin A (CsA), a CypA inhibitor. We found that TCR crosslinking promoted a rapid and transient, Lck-dependent association of CypA with the interdomain B region, at the ZAP70 regulatory domain. CsA inhibited CypA binding to ZAP70 and prevented the colocalization of CypA and ZAP70 at the cell membrane. In addition, imaging analyses of antigen-specific T cells stimulated by MHC-restricted antigen-fed antigen-presenting cells revealed the recruitment of ZAP70-bound CypA to the immunological synapse. Enzymatically active CypA downregulated the catalytic activity of ZAP70 in vitro, an effect that was reversed by CsA in TCR/CD3-activated normal T cells but not in CypA-deficient T cells, and further confirmed in vivo by FRET-based studies. We suggest that CypA plays a role in determining the conformational regulation and activity of ZAP70 in TCR-engaged T cells and impact on T cell activation by intervening with the activity of multiple downstream effector molecules.
Original Architecture of an Efficient All-Optical 2×4 Photonic Crystals Decoder Based on Nonlinear Ring Resonators
Authors: BACHIR RAHMI , badaoui hadjira , MEHADJI ABRI 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we have presented an efficient original architecture of all-optical 2×4 photonic crystal decoder based on non-linear ring resonators. The fundamental structure is a square lattice of 2D GaAs rods, operating around the wavelength 1.55 µm. The proposed decoder is composed of a combiner with three input ports, where the port E is used for excitation and A1, A2 are the control ports, and an optical switch with four output ports, and it is a nonlinear DMEX. For the creation of a switch at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, we used nonlinear chalcogenide glass rods with a nonlinear Kerr coefficient equal to 9×10-17 m2/w. The switching intensity and structure size are 1 Kw /µm2, 27.12 µm × 17.96 µm, respectively. The contrast ratio is about 8.7. The maximum crosstalk and insertion losses are calculated to be about -22.1 and -4.5 dB. The maximum and minimum power levels for logic states 0 and 1 are 0.5P0 and 0.37P0 where P0 is the input power. The finite element method was used to perform the necessary calculations.
Dynamic Correlation between Surface CO2 Flux and Underlying Emissions from Spontaneous Goaf Combustion: An Experimental Study of Abandoned Coal Mine
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhang Hemeng , Dong Wei , Sasaki Kyuro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Affected by the air leakage, abandoned coal mine goaf is prone to spontaneous combustion, resulting in environmental pollution and geological disasters. Based on previous studies, this paper further conducted long-term, multi-measurements, and continuous measurements of the spontaneous combustion state in the abandoned mine goaf in the eastern part of the Haizhou Open-pit Mine. We evaluated the correlation between the surface CO2 flux and the changes in underground fire areas, the scope and evolution trend of the fire areas, and the distribution and change laws of surface CO2 fluxes. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the surface CO2 flux and soil temperature. The surface CO2 flux value reflects the CO2 emission intensity of goaf. The high surface CO2 flux in the test area showed month-wise expansion and increase. The CO2 emission gradually increases with the months, and the annual CO2 emission in the experimental area is approximately 7017 t.
Space phase inversions and initial conditions of Chen Model
Authors: Ibraheem Mustafa Khalil , Jamal Raied K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, an eight-term chaos system is presented. The effect of changing the initial conditions values on behavior Chen system was studied. The research provided a complete analysis of the system properties such as time series, attractor, FFT spectrum and bifurcation. Where the system appears steady state behavior at initial conditions x i, y i , z i that equal (0, 0, 0) respectively and it convert to quasi-chaotic at x i , y i , z i equal (-0.1, 0.5,-0.6). Finally, the system become hyper chaotic at x i , y i , z i equal (-1, 0.5,-0.6) that can used it in many applications like secure communication.
The potential of the GHQ-12 questionnaire in assessing psychological impairment on a health-care workers population facing Covid-19: an item response theory-based analysis
Authors: Comotti Anna , Fattori Alice , Greselin Francesca , Bordini Lorenzo , Brambilla Paolo , Bonzini Matteo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a widely used tool, both in clinical and research settings, due to its brevity and easy administration. Researchers often adopt a dichotomous measurement method, considering a total score above or below a certain threshold. This leads to an extreme simplification of the gathered data and therefore to the loss of clinical details.In a multi-step evaluation study aimed at assessing health care workers’ mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic, the GHQ-12 proved to be the most effective tool to detect psychological distress compared to other scales adopted. These results led to deepening the understanding of the GHQ-12 properties through a statistical study, by focusing on items’ properties and characteristics. MethodsGHQ-12 responses were analyzed using Item Response Theory (IRT), a suitable method for scale assessment. Instead of considering the single overall score, in which each item accounts equally, it focuses on individual items’ characteristics. Moreover, IRT models were applied combined with the latent class (LC) analysis, aiming to the determination of subgroups of individuals according to their level of psychological distress. ResultsGHQ-12 was administered to 990 health-care workers and responses were scored using the binary method (0-0-1-1). We applied the 2-PL (two-parameters logistic) model, finding that the items showed different ways of responses and features. The latent class analysis classified subjects into three sub-groups according to their responses to the GHQ-12 only: 47% of individuals with general well-being, 38% expressing signs of discomfort without severity and 15% of subjects with a high level of impairment. Such a result almost reproduces subjects’ classification obtained after administering the six questionnaires of the study protocol.ConclusionsAccurate statistical techniques and a deep understanding of the latent factors underlying the GHQ-12 resulted in a more effective usage of such psychometric questionnaire – i.e. a more refined gathering of data and a significant time and resource efficiency.We underlined the need to maximize the extraction of data from questionnaires and the necessity of them being less lengthy and repetitive.
Clinical efficacy of mandibular complete dentures with a resilient liner: Study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kimoto Katsuhiko , Kimoto Suguru , Hoshi Noriyuki , Sato Yusuke , Yoneyama Yoshikazu , Takebe Jun , Ichikawa Tetsuo , Murata Hiroshi , Nishimura Masahiro , Minakuchi Shunsuke , Kawai Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
During restoration of poorly fitting complete dentures (CDs) in edentulous patients, liners are used to reconstruct the concave surfaces of CDs with a new base material. These relining materials are classified as resilient liners (RLs) or non-resilient liners (NRLs), but the clinical effects of and selection criteria for these liners remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of relining mandibular CDs using RL and NRL, and to conduct a follow-up study.
Methods
The study is being conducted at eight centers, and a parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) is underway. One hundred thirty-two edentulous patients with poorly fitting mandibular CDs will be assigned to two groups (with RL or NRL). Participants will receive an RL or NRL for relining their CDs by using an indirect method of dynamic impressions. Data will be recorded at 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months after denture delivery. The primary outcome will be assessment of the patients’ general satisfaction by using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes will be measured as patient-reported outcomes, including food intake status and oral hygiene-related quality of life. Masticatory performance and the number of sore spots on the oral mucosa will also be recorded. Comparisons between the two groups and within-subject comparisons of pre- and post-intervention measurements will be conducted.
Discussion
For dentists and prosthetic researchers in Japan, this RCT will provide information on the clinical efficacy of RL materials in CD wearers. We are convinced that new evidence regarding the use of RL materials in an aging population will also be useful to dentists in other countries in their routine clinical practice.
Trial registration
: This clinical trial has been registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center (UMIN000041950).
A first-principles study: single layer TiS2 modified by non-metal doping
Authors: chen shu , Yang Lu , Bao Jinlin , Wang Duo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of substitutional doping of boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P) at the S-site on the electronic structure of the monolayer TiS2 system is investigated using a first-principles calculation method. The system's stability, electronic structure, and charge transfer were analyzed. By calculating the electron cloud overlap population and formation energy, we confirmed that the system is stable, and the Ti-X bond length of the doped system undergoes different degrees of distortion. The properties of the B, C and N doped system show different properties with different doping concentrations; the bandgap of the O-atom system gradually expands with the rise of the doping rate. The hybridization positions of the impurity and the intrinsic atoms are found by comparing the DOS; combined with the charge density difference, we confirmed the interaction of impurity atoms with the system and revealed the bonding process of different systems.
An integrated mass production of a copepod Acanthocyclops trajani to determine its biochemical composition and evaluate its extract for antimicrobial and anticancer activity
Authors: Hegab Mahmoud H. , Flefil Nasser S. , Abdelhameed Moustafa S. , Shawer Ehab E. , Mohamed Nada A. , Abdelmageed Adel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aquatic environment is a vast reservoir of bioactive natural products, many of which exhibit structural and chemical properties not found in terrestrial natural products. However, studies on marine medicines have included a very small proportion of aquatic organisms. Copepoda is one of the most diverse groups on earth, yet there are no studies to test Copepoda extract as an anti-cancer agent. Therefore, this study aims to improve the sustainable mass production of the copepod Acanthocyclops trojani to evaluate its crude extract for antimicrobial and anticancer activity. GC-MS analysis of A. trajani extract detected 8 bioactive compounds known for their medicinal uses in several previous studies. The A. trajani crude extract showed activity against bacterial strains; S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecali, K. pneumonia, S. lutea and S. typhi with zones of inhibition of 14, 12, 8, 12, 17 and 12 mm, respectively. In addition, A. trajani crude extract showed moderate growth inhibitory activity against HepG2, A549, HCT and MCF7 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 63.064, 18.377, 46.905 and 21.736, respectively) compared to the activity of staurosporine (control). While the normal cells (THLE2, WI38, FHC and MCF10a) were more sensitive to staurosporine than the A. trajani extract. Based on the Cytotoxicity Selective Index (SI) values, the extract showed a selective effect on the lung and breast cancer cells (A549 and MCF7) (SI = 3.07 and 3.1, respectively). Therefore, A. trajani extract offers the potential for further exploitation in the discovery of a novel antibacterial agent against lung and breast cancer.
Safety of oral administration of Molnupiravir for hospitalized elderly people aged 80 years old or older with Covid-19
Authors: Gonda Kenji , Suzuki Kouichi , Kono Koji , Takenoshita Seiichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: The number of elderly people with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is increasing. In order to reduce the risk of progress of Covid-19, Molnupiravir, an oral small molecule antiviral prodrug active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was administered. The targets of administration were 29 elderly people over 80 years old (median 87 years old, range 80-100). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment with Molnupiravir, which we had started oral administration within 24 hours after the onset of signs or symptoms in hospitalized elderly with at least one risk factor for Covid-19 disease confirmed in the laboratory. Molnupiravir 800 mg was administered twice daily for 5 days. Results: There was no death within 30 days and it was effective. Adverse events occurred only in 55% of target patients within 7 days after internal administration, but only nausea was observed, no serious side effects were observed, and thus the drug could be safely administered to the elderly. Early treatment with Molnupiravir reduced the risk of death in the elderly at risk for Covid-19.
Comorbidity genetic risk and pathways impact SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes
Authors: Jaros Rachel , Fadason Tayaza , Cameron-Smith David , Golovina Evgeniia , O'Sullivan Justin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding the genetic risk and mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities interact to impact acute and long-term sequelae is essential if we are to reduce the ongoing health burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we use a de novo protein diffusion network analysis coupled with tissue-specific gene regulatory networks, to examine putative mechanisms for associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities. Our approach identifies a shared genetic aetiology and molecular mechanisms for known and previously unknown comorbidities of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Additionally, genomic variants, genes and biological pathways that provide putative causal mechanisms connecting inherited risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronary artery disease and Parkinson’s disease are identified for the first time. Our findings provide an in depth understanding of genetic impacts on traits that collectively alter an individual’s predisposition to acute and post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. The existence of complex inter-relationships between the comorbidities we identify raises the possibility of a much greater post-acute burden arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection if this genetic predisposition is realised.
Mechanism of liraglutide-mediated attenuation of palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in L6 myoblasts
Authors: KONG Mo-wei , GAO Yu , ZHANG Ai-min , XING En-hong , SUN Li-xin , MA Hui-juan , XING Han-ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Object: L6 cells were cultured to explore the possible mechanism underlying the improvement of insulin resistance by Liraglutide (LR). Methods: Cells were divided into 5 groups—control, high-fat, 10 nmol/L LR + 0.6 mmol/L palmitic acid (PA) (10LR), 100 nmol/L LR + 0.6 mmol/L PA (100LR), and 1000 nmol/L LR + 0.6 mmol/L PA (1000LR). CCK-8 method to detect cell viability, GPO-PAP enzymatic method to detect intracellular triglyceride content, and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting methods to detect fatty acid translocase CD36 (FAT /CD36) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in L6 cells, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, were performed. Results: We found that after PA intervention for 24 h, the cell viability decreased significantly; the cell viability of the LR group was higher than that of the high-fat group (P < 0.01). After PA intervention, compared with those in the high-fat group, GRP-78, FAT/CD36, FABP4 mRNA [(4.36 ± 0.32 vs 8.15 ± 0.35); (1.00 ± 0.04 vs 2.46 ± 0.08); (2.88 ± 0.55 vs 8.29 ± 0.52), P < 0.01] and protein [(3338.13 ± 333.15 vs 4963.98 ± 277.29); (1978.85 ± 124.24 vs 2676.07 ± 100.64); (3372.00 ± 219.84 vs 6083.20 ± 284.70), both P < 0.01] expression decreased in the LR group. The expression levels of GLUT4 mRNA [(0.75 ± 0.04 vs 0.34 ± 0.03), P < 0.01] and protein [(3443.71 ± 191.89 vs 2137.79 ± 118.75), P < 0.01] increased. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that LR can reverse PA-induced cell inactivation and lipid deposition, which may be related to the change in GRP-78, FAT /CD36, FABP4, GLUT4 and other factors.
Experimental and constitutive model study on the mechanical properties of the structural plane of a rock mass under dynamic disturbance
Authors: YU Yongjiang , Yang Yuntao , Liu Jingjing , Wang Pengbo , Zhang Shipeng , Wang Zhenmeng , Zhao Shangqing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Accurate description of the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the structural plane of a large chamber or slope rock mass under the ultimate stress with periodic stress disturbances is of great significance to ensure the stability and safety of underground rock engineering. By theoretically analyzing the strength effect of the structural face of a rock mass under dynamic disturbance, a criterion for the occurrence of shear damage on the structural face of a compressed rock mass under dynamic disturbance is proposed. The results of the cyclic disturbance kinetic test show that there is a disturbance threshold for the shear failure of the structural plane under different disturbance stresses. When the disturbance stress is lower than the disturbance threshold, Cumulative plastic strain stabilizes with increasing number of cycles; when the disturbance stress is higher than the disturbance threshold, S-shaped curve of cumulative plastic strain versus number of cycles. Revealing the progressive damage process and mechanism of rock structure surface under periodic dynamic disturbance. Based on the perturbation concept theory, the relationship between the accumulated plastic strain and the number of cyclic loading is similar to the relationship between strain and time in the creep curve of rocks, a new nonlinear viscous element is proposed, and the nonlinear element and the deformation element considering structural surface closure and sliding are combined with the Burgers model to form an 8-element nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic creep constitutive model. Using the global optimization algorithm of 1stOpt, the model validation and parameter identification are performed on the experimental data, and the results show that the model curve has a very good agreement with the experimental data. The model can accurately reflect the deformation characteristics of the structural plane of a rock mass under periodic dynamic disturbance. The research results give a new idea to analyze power disturbance-induced geohazards.