bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swarm intelligence‐based deep ensemble learning machine for efficient channel estimation in MIMO communication systems
Authors: Manasa B.M.R. , P. Venugopal 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMultiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technology is much significant for achieving high data rates while considering the multiuser communication. For this purpose, the estimation of Channel State Information (CSI) is performed by the pilot. But, the estimated CSI cannot be applied for downlinks while processing an extremely high speed mobile data as it gets outdated because of the rapid channel variation. Estimating the channel in the MIMO systems is highly difficult on using non‐stationary channel characteristics under the high mobility environments. Channel estimation with received signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) feedback ensures an effective performance in the practical wireless MIMO systems. This paper plans to develop an intelligent deep learning strategy to solve the channel estimation problem in MIMO system. The main goal of the proposed model is to estimate the MIMO channel coefficients at a transmitter based on the received SNR feedback information from a receiver using the swarm intelligence‐based deep ensemble learning machine (SI‐DELM). For both the scenarios, the SI‐DELM is developed, in which the convolution neural network (NN) with three classifiers is used. Here, the fully connected layers of CNN are replaced by the NN, recurrent neural network (RNN), and deep neural network (DNN). In the SI‐DEL‐based channel estimation, the hyper parameter tuning is performed by the adaptive iteration assisted mixture ratio‐based cat swarm optimization (AIMR‐CSO) for minimizing the mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) of the estimated channel. Finally, by performing numerical simulations, the efficiency and better performance of the suggested model is revealed by conducting the comparison between proposed and conventional models.
Fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation‐based node cooperation technique for improving QoS in MANETs
Authors: Mylsamy Rajkumar , Jayaprakash Karthika 
Published: April 2022

SummaryCooperation between mobile nodes is the predominant factor required for achieving reliable data dissemination in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), since non‐cooperative nodes crumbles the routing process and degrades network performance. The degree of non‐cooperation rendered by mobile nodes need to be accurately identified by exploring feasible and comprehensive number of criteria to achieve maximized cooperation in uncertain MANET. In this paper, fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (FPROMETHEE)‐based node cooperation technique is proposed with the merits of trapezoidal fuzzy interval numbers that aids in the selection of high trustworthy mobile nodes for attaining maximized data delivery. This FPROMETHEE technique utilizes complex and multiple criteria for potential ranking in the presence of finite number of mobile nodes. It prevented the bias of information that is more common during the judgmental process associated with the cooperation estimation of mobile nodes. It includes information about the relative weights of criteria and decision maker's preferences for estimating the trust of mobile nodes to include or isolate them from the routing path. It is also useful in handling the degree of uncertainly involved in the process of routing without compromising Quality of Service (QoS) level in the network. The simulation experiments of the proposed FPROMETHEE technique conducted using ns‐2 simulator confirmed its predominance in enhancing the packet dissemination rate, throughput, energy consumptions, total overhead, and packet loss rate for different number of mobile nodes, malicious nodes, and pairs of source and destination nodes.
An interest‐based access control scheme via edge verification in Named Data Networking
Authors: Tao Yu , Zhu Yi 
Published: April 2022

SummaryNamed Data Networking (NDN) is a disruptive future architecture, in which content delivery can be significantly improved through named routing and distributed caching. However, distributed caching also leads to serious access control problems. Once a content is disseminated to the network, any entity can fetch it regardless of owning the access permission or not. To protect the authorized content, current solutions are mainly designed based on data packet encryption, but redundant in‐network traffic is still a challenge due to illegal interest‐data exchange. Focus on this problem, an Interest‐Based Access Control scheme via Edge Verification (IBAC‐EV) is proposed in this paper. In IBAC‐EV, the producer authorizes the user to sign interest packet. By checking the signature, the edge router can forbid unsubscribed users to enter network through discarding interest packets. Simulation results show that IBAC‐EV can effectively reduce the in‐network traffic. Moreover, by using proxy signature algorithm, it simplifies the complexity of key management and alleviates the storage overhead on the edge router.
Performance evaluation of multiuser Internet of Things wireless‐powered relaying networks with transceiver hardware imperfections over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Kharwar Preeti , Yadav Suneel , Purohit Neetesh 
Published: April 2022

SummaryWe investigate the performance of multiuser Internet of Things (IoT) relay networks in the presence of transceiver hardware impairments. In particular,
IoT users communicate with a destination via a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) amplify‐and‐forward relay. We exploit both time‐switching (TS) and power‐splitting (PS) protocols at the SWIPT‐aided relay terminal. Specifically, we derive the exact outage probability (OP) expressions for both TS and PS schemes under transceiver hardware imperfections over Nakagami‐m fading channels. In addition, we derive the asymptotic OP expressions for both TS and PS schemes in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio regime. From which, the diversity order of
can be achieved, where
denotes the fading severity parameter for the channel between
IoT users and relay. Furthermore, we present a tight upper bound for the ergodic capacity (EC) under both TS and PS schemes with transceiver hardware impairments over Nakagami‐m fading channels. Moreover, our results demonstrate the impact of number of IoT users, fading severity parameters, TS factor, PS factor, and energy conversion efficiency, on the system performance. We also validate our analytical findings via numerical and simulation results.
The importance of marshes providing soil stabilization to resist fast‐flow erosion in case of a dike breach
Authors: Marin‐Diaz Beatriz , Govers Laura L. , van der Wal Daphne , Olff Han , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSalt marshes provide valuable ecosystem services including coastal protection by reducing wave loading on dikes and seawalls. If the topsoil is erosion resistant to fast‐flowing water, it may also reduce breach depth if a dike fails. In this experiment, we quantified the topsoil erosion resistance from marshes and bare tidal flats with different soil types to understand the extent to which they can help reduce breach depth. Intact soil samples were collected from 11 locations in the Netherlands at different tidal elevations and then exposed for 3 h to 2.3 m/s currents. To the samples that remained stable after flow exposure, an artificial crack was made to test their stability following soil disturbance. All samples from the tidal flats were completely eroded, regardless of sediment type. In contrast, all samples from well‐established marsh plateaus were stable as long as no disturbances were made, including those with sandy subsoils. After creating artificial cracks, samples with a thin cohesive top layer on top of sandy subsoil collapsed, while marshes with silty subsoils remained stable. Pioneer marshes on sandy substrate without a cohesive top layer were the only vegetated soils that completely eroded. The lower erosion of marshes with either sandy or silty soils compared to bare tidal flats was best explained by the presence of a top layer with belowground biomass, high organic content, high water content, and low bulk density. When analyzing the erodibility of marshes only, fine root density was the best predictor of erosion resistance. This study demonstrates the importance of preserving, restoring, or creating salt marshes, to obtain a topsoil that is erosion resistant under fast‐flowing water, which helps reduce breach dimensions if a dike fails. The probability of topsoil erosion in established marshes with sandy subsoil is higher than in silty marshes. A silty layer of cohesive sediment on top of the sand provides extra erosion resistance as long as it does not break. Pioneer marshes that have not developed a cohesive top layer are erosion sensitive, especially in sandy soils. For future marsh creations, using fine‐grained sediments or a mixture of sand with silt or clay is recommended.
Weight control beliefs in the treatment of binge‐eating disorder: Why might they matter?
Authors: Laliberte Michele M. , Lucibello Kristen M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe belief in personal control over weight (BCWeight) is positively associated, while the belief in control over healthy lifestyle with weight acceptance (BCLifestyle) is negatively associated with disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, and low self‐esteem. This study examined how weight control beliefs are impacted by cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for binge‐eating disorder (BED) that provides evidence and choice regarding weight management options; and assessed whether changes in weight control beliefs are associated with treatment outcomes.MethodParticipants were 57 patients consecutively referred to an outpatient eating disorder clinic from 2013–2017 for BED treatment. Using retrospective self‐reported program‐evaluation data, baseline to post‐CBT changes in weight control beliefs were evaluated, as well as whether these changes were associated with the change in the drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, fear of loss of control over eating, and self‐esteem.ResultsBCLifestyle significantly increased over CBT; BCWeight significantly decreased. Increases in BCLifestyle were associated with the reduced drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and fear of loss of control overeating. Decreases in BCWeight were associated with improved self‐esteem.DiscussionBED CBT that provides science on weight management options is associated with positive changes in weight control beliefs, which are associated with measures of recovery from BED.Public Significance StatementCognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for binge‐eating disorder decreases the belief that one can and should control one's weight, and increases the belief that one should strive for a healthy lifestyle and accept one's weight. These changes in beliefs are associated with improved treatment outcomes. CBT that gives patients evidence on different weight management options addresses patient obesity concerns and is related to positive change in weight control beliefs.
Individual variability in space use near power lines by a long‐lived territorial raptor
Authors: Marques Ana Teresa , Palma Luís , Lourenço Rui , Cangarato Rogério , Leitão Alexandre , Mascarenhas Miguel , Tavares João Tiago , Tomé Ricardo , Moreira Francisco , Beja Pedro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvaluating species responses to anthropogenic infrastructures and other habitat changes is often used to assess environmental impacts and to guide conservation actions. However, such studies are generally carried out at the population level, disregarding inter‐individual variability. Here, we investigate population‐ and individual‐level responses toward power lines of a territorial raptor, the Bonelli's eagle Aquila fasciata. We used GPS‐PTT tracking data of 17 adult eagles to model space use as a function of distance to transmission and distribution lines, while accounting for other habitat features known to affect this species. At population level, eagles increased the intensity of space use in the proximity of power lines (up to 1,000 m), suggesting an attraction effect. At individual level, some eagles shared the general population attraction pattern, while others showed reduced intensity of space use in the proximity of power lines. These differential responses were unrelated to the sex of individuals, but were affected by the characteristics of the power grid, with a tendency for apparent attraction to be associated with individuals occupying home ranges with a denser network of transmission lines and transmission pylons. However, the study could not rule out the operation of other potentially influential factors, such as individual idiosyncrasies, the spatial distribution of prey availability, and the availability of natural perches and nesting sites. Overall, these results suggest that power lines may drive different behaviors and have differential impacts across individuals, with those attracted to the proximity of power lines potentially facing increased risk of mortality through electrocution and collision, and those avoiding power lines being potentially subject to exclusion effects. More generally, our results reinforce the need to understand individual variability when assessing and mitigating impacts of anthropogenic infrastructures.
Cold‐air pools as microrefugia for ecosystem functions in the face of climate change
Authors: Pastore Melissa A. , Classen Aimée T. , D'Amato Anthony W. , Foster Jane R. , Adair E. Carol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCold‐air pooling is a global phenomenon that frequently sustains low temperatures in sheltered, low‐lying depressions and valleys and drives other key environmental conditions, such as soil temperature, soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit, frost frequency, and winter dynamics. Local climate patterns in areas prone to cold‐air pooling are partly decoupled from regional climates and thus may be buffered from macroscale climate change. There is compelling evidence from studies across the globe that cold‐air pooling impacts plant communities and species distributions, making these decoupled microclimate areas potentially important microrefugia for species under climate warming. Despite interest in the potential for cold‐air pools to enable species persistence under warming, studies investigating the effects of cold‐air pooling on ecosystem processes are scarce. Because local temperatures and vegetation composition are critical drivers of ecosystem processes like carbon cycling and storage, cold‐air pooling may also act to preserve ecosystem functions. We review research exploring the ecological impacts of cold‐air pooling with a focus on vegetation, and then present a new conceptual framework in which cold‐air pooling creates feedbacks between species and ecosystem properties that generate unique hotspots for carbon accrual in some systems relative to areas more vulnerable to regional climate change impacts. Finally, we describe key steps to motivate future research investigating the potential for cold‐air pools to serve as microrefugia for ecosystem functions under climate change.
Biomarker changes as surrogate endpoints in early‐phase trials in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Uijl Alicia , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Tromp Jasper , Anker Stefan D. , Dickstein Kenneth , Hage Camilla , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lang Chim C. , Metra Marco , Ng Leong L. , Orsini Nicola , Samani Nilesh J. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Cleland John G.F. , Voors Adriaan A. , Lund Lars H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsNo biomarker has achieved widespread acceptance as a surrogate endpoint for early‐phase heart failure (HF) trials. We assessed whether changes over time in a panel of plasma biomarkers were associated with subsequent morbidity/mortality in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsIn 1040 patients with HFrEF from the BIOSTAT‐CHF cohort, we investigated the associations between changes in the plasma concentrations of 30 biomarkers, before (baseline) and after (9 months) attempted optimization of guideline‐recommended therapy, on top of the BIOSTAT risk score and the subsequent risk of HF hospitalization/all‐cause mortality using Cox regression models. C‐statistics were calculated to assess discriminatory power of biomarker changes/month‐nine assessment. Changes in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and WAP four‐disulphide core domain protein HE4 (WAP‐4C) were the only independent predictors of the outcome after adjusting for their baseline plasma concentration, 28 other biomarkers (both baseline and changes), and BIOSTAT risk score at baseline. When adjusting for month‐nine rather than baseline biomarkers concentrations, only changes in NT‐proBNP were independently associated with the outcome. The C‐statistic of the model including the BIOSTAT risk score and NT‐proBNP increased by 4% when changes were considered on top of baseline concentrations and by 1% when changes in NT‐proBNP were considered on top of its month‐nine concentrations and the BIOSTAT risk score.ConclusionsAmong 30 relevant biomarkers, a change over time was significantly and independently associated with HF hospitalization/all‐cause death only for NT‐proBNP. Changes over time were modestly more prognostic than baseline or end‐values alone. Changes in biomarkers should be further explored as potential surrogate endpoints in early phase HF trials.
Hobit and Blimp‐1 regulate TRM abundance after LCMV infection by suppressing tissue exit pathways of TRMprecursors
Authors: Parga‐Vidal Loreto , Taggenbrock Renske L.R.E. , Beumer‐Chuwonpad Ammarina , Aglmous Hajar , Kragten Natasja A.M. , Behr Felix M. , Bovens Astrid A. , van Lier Rene A.W. , Stark Regina , van Gisbergen Klaas P.J.M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm) are retained in peripheral tissues after infection for enhanced protection against secondary encounter with the same pathogen. We have previously shown that the transcription factor Hobit and its homolog Blimp‐1 drive Trm development after viral infection, but how and when these transcription factors mediate Trm formation remains poorly understood. In particular, the major impact of Blimp‐1 in regulating several aspects of effector T‐cell differentiation impairs study of its specific role in Trm development. Here, we used the restricted expression of Hobit in the Trm lineage to develop mice with a conditional deletion of Blimp‐1 in Trm, allowing us to specifically investigate the role of both transcription factors in Trm differentiation. We found that Hobit and Blimp‐1 were required for the upregulation of CD69 and suppression of CCR7 and S1PR1 on virus‐specific Trm precursors after LCMV infection, underlining a role in their retention within tissues. The early impact of Hobit and Blimp‐1 favored Trm formation and prevented the development of circulating memory T cells. Thus, our findings highlight a role of Hobit and Blimp‐1 at the branching point of circulating and resident memory lineages by suppressing tissue egress of Trm precursors early during infection.
Novel Imidazole Derivative Complexes That Catalyze the Thermal Decomposition of AP, CL‐20, and BNFFO
Authors: Li Haibo , Zhang Weijing , Wei Zhenghe , Xia Lianghong , Long Maohao , Li Zhimin , Zhang Tonglai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, three energetic complexes, namely Cu(1‐MIM)2(N3)2 (1) (1‐MIM=1‐methylimidazole), [Cu(1‐VIM)2(N3)2]n (2) (1‐VIM=1‐vinylimidazole), and Cu(2‐MIM)3(N3)2 (3) (2‐MIM=2‐methylimidazole), were synthesized via a simple and mild method. The complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The thermal behavior and sensitivity of the complexes were analyzed by DSC, TG, and BAM methods, and their catalytic performances with respect to AP (ammonium perchlorate), CL‐20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane), and BNFFO (3,4‐dinitrofurazanfuroxan) thermal decomposition were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The obtained results indicate that complex 1 exhibits the best catalytic performance for AP thermal decomposition, as it reduces the decomposition (high‐temperature) peak temperature by 101.0 °C compared to pure AP. Moreover, this complex alters the shape of the decomposition peak, which suggests that it speeds up the decomposition process and renders it more intense. In terms of CL‐20 and BNFFO thermal decomposition, complex 3 shows the best catalytic performance, and it reduces the peak decomposition temperatures by 18.4 and 108.2 °C, respectively, compared to the pure samples. The activation energies of the AP/complex, CL‐20/complex, and BNFFO/complex mixtures were calculated using the Kissinger and Ozawa equations. Considering that the calculated values are lower than those corresponding to the pure substrates, the complexes can be employed as combustion catalysts for composite propellants.
Artificial neural networks model for predicting the behavior of different injection pressure characteristics powered by blend of biofuel‐nano emulsion
Authors: Elumalai P. V. , Krishna Moorthy R. , Parthasarathy M. , Samuel Olusegun David , Owamah Hilary I. , Saleel C Ahamed , Enweremadu Christopher C. , Sreenivasa Reddy M. , Afzal Asif 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis investigation deals with the usage of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles with orange peel biodiesel in a conventional CI engine. The different fuel blends used for this experiment are biodiesel 10% + diesel 80% + ethanol 5% + surfactant 5% + GO 50 ppm (B10), biodiesel 20% + diesel 70% + ethanol 5% + surfactant 5% + GO 50 ppm (B20), biodiesel 50% + diesel 40% + ethanol 5% + surfactant 5% + GO 50 ppm (B50) and B100. The addition of ethanol has dual benefits for improving the vaporization of fuel blends and reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission. Span80 and Tween80 were chosen as surfactants based on hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance numbers. It is useful for improving the homogeneity of immiscible fuel blends. From this study, the injection pressure (IP) was varied from 180, 200 to 220 bar for better atomization characteristics of nano additive biodiesel blend. The experimental results indicated that an increase in the percentages of biodiesel beyond 20% in the blend, NOx increases, and hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions were found to be decreased. It is also observed that the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was found for fuel 20 at the IP of 220 bar. The addition of nano additive has a great influence on fuel droplets and reduction of NOx emission levels. B20 blend was found to higher cylinder pressure and heat release rate when compared to other nano additive blends. Finally, indicated that the nano additive B20 blend is a better alternative to conventional fuel in unmodified CI engines. The RMSE value for the BTE, brake‐specific energy consumption (BSEC), CO, HC, NOx, and smoke is obtained to be 0.036, 0.0216, 0.044, 0.041, 0.0446, and 0.0435, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error value for the BTE, BSEC, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke is obtained to be 1.12, 0.84, 3.04, 4.12, 1.71, and 0.97, respectively.