bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANOMALIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND DEFORMATION OF THE FORM OF THE TEETH: THE ETIOLOGICAL ROLE OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Pogadaev Dmitriy 
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study: teeth, anomalies in the development of forms.
The purpose of the study: to analyze the literature data on the study of the morphofunctional parameters of teeth in the evolutionary aspect.
Methodology. Search for publications in the scientific and medical library of Omsk State Medical University, on external databases Elibrary, Cyberleninka, PubMed, Embase. Review of 33 literary sources has been carried out for the period 2012–2022 (16 domestic, 17 foreign). The received information is processed, systematized and presented in text format.
The results: Most anomalies and deformations of the shape of the teeth are polyetiological in nature. The complex influence and interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors leads to a violation of the form. function and aesthetics of teeth. The process of occurrence of dental anomalies is multilevel, multidimensional and progressive. Pathological processes associated with the loss of hard tooth tissues during a person's life also lead to a change in the shape of the teeth. For example, caries is one of the most common dental diseases. It has been established that dental caries is an infectious process that occurs under the influence of several groups of factors. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of dental caries ranges from 80% to 98%, which indicates the need for widespread implementation of prevention programs among all age groups.
Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct interdisciplinary research to bridge the gap between understanding the molecular events that occur during odontogenesis and the essence of clinical observations characterizing the degree of variability in the shape, size, defects of teeth (anomalies, deformities, lesions) under the influence of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors.
CHEILITIS. A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Uspenskaya Ol'ga , Spiridonova Saniya , Syurnyaeva Elina , Zhirnova Nataly-Adelgeida 
Published: August 2022

Subject. A review of the literature devoted to one of the urgent problems of therapeutic dentistry — lip diseases.
Objectives. Analysis of up-to-date information on lip diseases. Synthesis of the obtained data in a single concept.
Methodology. The data of special literature were studied using scientific search library databases: PubMed, Elibrary, Cochrane, Google Scholar. Literature analysis was carried out on 45 sources.
Results. In the modern world, diseases of the oral mucosa are widespread, among them lip diseases have a significant prevalence, many of which are insufficiently studied. Attempts have been repeatedly made to create a classification of heilites, however, as various authors note, there is no universally recognized classification today. The modern standard is the classification of ICD-10. Foreign researchers Kristina Pilipovich, Iva Crnarich, Mirna Shitum, Tomislav Duvanchich propose a new classification with the division of cheilitis into three groups (mainly reversible; mainly persistent; cheilitis associated with dermatoses or general somatic diseases). The special literature describes many aspects inherent in various types of cheilites. The modern direction of treatment of cheilitis is an integrated approach based on the joint implementation of general and local measures.
Conclusions. To date, there is no universal treatment regimen for lip diseases, but many authors agree on the need to implement a combined treatment. This option with the use of different groups of drugs ensures the achievement of an effective result.
ANALYSIS OF INITIAL DENTAL CARE ENCOUNTERS OF PATIENTS RECOVERED FROM NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19
Authors: Baykova Alla , Mirsaeva Faniya , Davydova Svetlana 
Published: August 2022

Subject. The imposed restrictions on doctor visits caused by the pandemic Covid-19 and the severe course of the new coronavirus infection have changed the structure of dental care encounters.
Objective of the study is to conduct a structural and quantitative analysis of dental care encounters of patients with the previous new coronavirus infection Covid-19.
Methodology. A clinical and statistical patient chart was developed for this study. The initial encounters were analyzed in the period from March 2020 to December 2021. We have studied the frequency and structure of dental disease causes in patients who had recovered from the new coronavirus infection Covid-19 depending on the peaks of the Covid-19 incidence. In addition, the age and sex structure, the presence of concomitant diseases, and indicators of the oral cavity state were studied in the main group of patients: the decay-missing-filled index, mouth hygiene index, lesions of the oral mucosa, and regional lymph nodes reaction. The obtained data were processed with the statistical program Statistica 6.0, and differences in subgroups were analyzed according to the Student's t-test: the critical significance level was taken at p ≤ 0.05 when testing statistical hypotheses.
Results. This study showed the dependence of the causes, frequency, and structure on pandemic periods. The predominance of the reasons for encounters changed in different periods of the pandemic. Besides, the age structure of patients changed in some periods of the pandemic. At the same time, no dependence of medical encounters on gender composition and comorbidities was observed.
Conclusion. This study showed a high level of spread of the carious process. The level of the hygiene index was initially satisfactory, but also moved towards unsatisfactory. Enlargement of lymph nodes and the spread of lesions of the oral mucosa tended to increase during 2020–2021.
THE STATE OF HYGIENE AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASES OF THE ORAL MUCOSA IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19
Authors: Dem'yanenko Svetlana , Duryagina Larisa , Degtyareva Ludmila , Prijma Natalia , Dubrovina-Parus Tatiana , Dorofeeva Olga , Tofan Yulia 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the research: to study the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and clinical manifestations of diseases of the oral mucosa in patients with COVID-19 in a hospital setting and to justify the need to motivate early hygienic measures using a toothbrush and toothpaste in this contingent of patients.
Material and methods. We observed 43 patients of the infectious diseases department of the Simferopol clinic aged 21–25 years with COVID-19 of mild and moderate severity.
All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination with the determination of the Green–Vermillion index, the PMA index. Particular attention was paid to the hygiene products used and the regime of hygienic measures before and during hospital stay.
Results and their discussion. It was found that 67.44% of the surveyed brushed their teeth with different frequency of use of a toothbrush and toothpaste. Before admission to the hospital, 93.02% of patients brushed their teeth regularly 2 times a day. 27.91% used cleaning tampons and a mouthwash, 4.65% of the surveyed did not brush their teeth. A significant increase in the hygiene index and the PMA index was revealed in patients of groups 1 and 2 who do not use a toothbrush and paste for oral care (p < 0.001).
In 27.91% of patients, changes in the lips and oral mucosa was noted: 4.65% – recurrent labial herpes, 4.65% – desquamative glossitis, aphthous rashes – 16.28%, lichenoid manifestations – 2.32% of the examined. Healing of aphthous lesions of oral mucosa in patients who brushed their teeth was noted on the day 5–10, and in patients who did not brush their teeth – on 15th day.
Conclusions. The data obtained in our research indicate the need for active motivation of patients with COVID-19 in a hospital setting for early hygienic measures with the mandatory use of a toothbrush and toothpaste.
El reto demográfico en Castilla y León (España): una región desequilibrada y envejecida poblacionalmente
Authors: Vidal Domínguez María Jesús , Fernández Portela Julio 
Published: August 2022

Castilla y León es una región que presenta unos rasgos demográficos propios diferentes a otros espacios españoles. Se caracteriza por la pérdida de efectivos demográficos, la desigual distribución de sus habitantes, un vaciamiento y masculinización del medio rural y un fuerte envejecimiento. Todas estas cuestiones que se llevan produciendo desde mediados del siglo XX se contemplan como prioritarias en la política nacional del reto demográfico que exige dar nuevas respuestas desde la acción política y cambiar la mirada hacia este territorio.

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en analizar todas estas características presentes en la población de esta región y que fueron claves para la ordenación del territorio y para la planificación de recursos sociales para la población. Para ello se utilizaron diversos censos y padrones de España que permitieron analizar las variables enunciadas anteriormente y de los que se obtuvieron los datos necesarios para la elaboración de mapas y gráficos que facilitaron la comprensión de estos fenómenos mediante el uso de aplicaciones cartográficas y de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG).

La situación de Castilla y León se complica debido a sus dimensiones, ya que es la región más grande de España, y el escenario que se vislumbra tras el análisis refleja un espacio cada vez más despoblado y desequilibrado territorialmente: la población se localiza, principalmente, en las ciudades, mientras que el medio rural se vacía, con unos habitantes cada vez más envejecidos, masculinizados y sin reposición por la caída de la natalidad. Todos estos factores condicionan la reducción en la prestación de servicios públicos tales como los sanitarios y los educativos, dificulta el mantenimiento de las infraestructuras y encarece la llegada y la mejora de las comunicaciones. Y, lo que es más importante, se pierde el principio de equidad territorial y se producen problemas organizativos y de gestión en las Administraciones locales.
Wound Pattern Profile in Deceased Victims of Traffic Accidents in Raden Said Sukanto Bhayangkara Hospital Jakarta from January 2017 until December 2018
Authors: Dewanto Evan Boedi , Yudianto Ahmad , Hutagalung Magda Rosalina 
Published: August 2022

Highlights:1. Traffic accidents can cause different types of wounds.2. Traffic accident victims were predominantly male at the age of 26-45 years old. 3. The most found wounds were abrasions and the most affected area were head and neck.
AbstractIntroduction: A traffic accident is an incident that happens on the road, such as a car crash that started on the road and leads to injury or death or damaged properties in the surrounding environment. Traffic accident injuries have a different pattern from any other events or violence, such as a mechanical injury due to friction with asphalt. The wounds that are usually found on the victims are abrasion, laceration, contusion, and wounds with fracture. About 70% of traffic accidents in Indonesia are happening in Java. The aim of this study was to determine the wound patterns of victims of traffic accidents, particularly deceased victims recorded in the Forensic Department of Raden Said Sukanto Bhayangkara Hospital Jakarta from January 2017 until December 2018.Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data. Consecutive sampling methods were used by using an external examination form obtained from the Forensic Department of Raden Said Sukanto Bhayangkara Hospital Jakarta from January 2017 until December 2018. Age, gender, and wound patterns such as abrasion, laceration, contusion, and wounds with fracture data were taken.Results: 67 cases of traffic accidents were recorded. Male victims were the most common victims (87.5%) within the age of 26–45 years old (42.18%). Abrasions were the most common wounds found (44.92%) and head and neck region were the most affected area (44.09%).Conclusion: The deceased victims of traffic accidents were mostly males aged 26–45 years old. The most common wound found were abrasions and the most affected areas were head and neck region.
Effect of taurine on histopathological features of spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paraquat
Authors: Rahadi Yustisiane Ruth , Tri Wahyu Suprayogi  , Rahmi Sugihartuti  , Kadek Rachmawati  , Hani Plumeriastuti  
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of taurine on the enhancement of the spermatogenetic process in male mice (Mus musculus) induced by paraquat (PQ). Twenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) aged 2-3 months with a bodyweight of around 35 grams were divided randomly into five groups. The K + and the treatment group (P1, P2, and P3) mice were induced using PQ. PQ was given intraperitoneally (IP) twice a week for 21 consecutive days at a dose of 30 mg/kg BW. Two hours after the administration of PQ, P1, P2, and P3 groups were given taurine at a dose of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW/day for three weeks (Heidari et al., 2019). K- group was given distilled water (IP) only. On day-29, mice were sacrificed for testicles histopathological preparations with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results showed that the mice exposed to PQ only (the K+ group) had a reduced spermatogenesis score compared to those of the K- group (p <0.05). Taurine treatment on PQ-exposed mice was followed by an increase spermatogenesis score. The optimal curative dose of taurine was 500 mg/kg (P2 group). However, a higher dose (1000 mg/kg BW) of taurine resulted in a decline in the spermatogenesis score than those of at the 500 mg/kg. It could be concluded that treatment with taurine could enhance the spermatogenetic process of male mice (Mus musculus) induced by PQ.
US Black–White Differences in Mortality Risk Among Transgender and Cisgender People in Private Insurance, 2011–2019
Authors: Hughes Landon D. , King Wesley M. , Gamarel Kristi E. , Geronimus Arline T. , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Hughto Jaclyn M. W. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives. To compare survival by gender and race among transgender and cisgender people enrolled in private insurance in the United States between 2011 and 2019. Methods. We examined Optum’s Clinformatics Data Mart Database. We identified transgender enrollees using claims related to gender-affirming care. Our analytic sample included those we identified as transgender and a 10% random sample of cisgender enrollees. We limited our sample to those 18 years or older who were non-Hispanic Black or White. We identified 18 033 transgender and more than 4 million cisgender enrollees. We fit Kaplan–Meier survival curves and calculated standardized mortality ratios while adjusting for census region. Results. Black transfeminine and nonbinary people assigned male sex at birth were 2.73 times more likely to die than other Black transgender people and 2.38 and 3.34 times more likely than Black cisgender men and women, respectively; similar results were found when White transfeminine and nonbinary people assigned male sex at birth were compared with White cisgender cohorts. Conclusions. Our findings highlight glaring inequities in mortality risks among Black transfeminine and nonbinary people assigned male sex at birth and underscore the need to monitor mortality risks in transgender populations and address the social conditions that increase these risks. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(10):1507–1514. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306963 )
Outcomes of Intramedullary Nailing and External Fixation of Open Tibial Fractures
Authors: Cortez Abigail , Urva Mayur , Haonga Billy , Donnelley Claire A. , von Kaeppler Ericka P. , Roberts Heather J. , Shearer David W. , Morshed Saam 
Published: August 2022

Background:
While surgeons in low and middle-income countries have increasing experience with intramedullary nailing (IMN), external fixation (EF) continues to be commonly used for the management of open tibial fractures. We examined outcomes with extended follow-up of the participants enrolled in a clinical trial comparing these treatments.

Methods:
Adults who were ≥18 years old with acute AO/OTA type-42 open tibial shaft fractures were randomly assigned to statically locked, hand-reamed IMN or uniplanar EF. These participants were reevaluated 3 to 5 years after treatment. The primary outcome was death or reoperation for the treatment of deep infection, nonunion, or malalignment. Unresolved complications such as persistent fracture-related infection, nonunion, or malalignment were collected and analyzed. Secondary outcomes included the EuroQol-5 Dimension-3 Level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, the Function IndeX for Trauma (FIX-IT) score, radiographic alignment, and the modified Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures (mRUST).

Results:
Of the originally enrolled 240 participants,126 (67 managed with IMN and 59 managed with EF) died or returned for follow-up at a mean of 4.0 years (range, 2.9 to 5.2 years). Thirty-two composite primary events occurred, with rates of 23.9% and 27.1% in the IMN and EF groups, respectively. Six of these events (3 in the IMN group and 3 in the EF group) were newly detected after the original 1-year follow-up. Unresolved complications in the form of chronic fracture-related infection or nonunion were present at long-term follow-up in 25% of the participants who sustained a primary event. The EQ-5D-3L index scores were similar between the 2 groups and only returned to preinjury levels after 1 year among patients without complications or those whose complications resolved.

Conclusions:
This observational study extended follow-up for a clinical trial assessing IMN versus EF for the treatment of open tibial fractures in sub-Saharan Africa. At a mean of 4 years after injury, fracture-related infection and nonunion became chronic conditions in nearly a quarter of the participants who experienced these complications, regardless of reintervention.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparative Results for ESP Applications in Gassy Wells when Using Single Gas Handling Systems vs. Multiple Gas Handling Systems for Pioneer Natural Resources
Authors: Martinez Villarreal Paola Elizabeth , Escobar Patron Ana Katherine , Rosales Ballesteros Eder Jean , Schreck Stephen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) have historically been limited when operating in gassy conditions. Studies and evidence gathered during failure analysis confirm the effects of gas on the performance of ESPs. Gas locking, mechanical wear, and low efficiency due to challenging environments have made operators change from a standardized string to a string that can mitigate the effects of gas, which can help maximize the production and increase the pump's run life.
The impellers of the centrifugal pump require a minimum amount of liquid mass in the impeller vanes to transfer the kinetic energy to the fluid mixture. This energy will be transformed to potential energy in the diffuser, but if the mass mixture in the impeller cannot perform an efficient energy transfer for the mixture, only the liquid phase will be pushed out the vanes of the pump and most of the gas will stay behind, filling the vanes of the impeller and creating a gas-lock condition.
In environments with a high presence of gas, additional equipment such as rotary gas separators are used to remove as much gas as possible before the fluids enter the pump. Gas separators have been proved as effective. However, when the conditions are extreme, such as in unconventional reservoirs, additional devices will be required to maintain a stable operation of the ESP, pump as much as possible a homogenous fluid, and minimize the downtime due to unnecessary trips to maximize the overall performance and run life of the ESP system, and optimize production and total cost of ownership for artificial lift operations.
This paper presents the comparative results of the performance of a group of ESPs installed in unconventional wells of a leading Midland basin operator with challenging conditions to operate an ESP. It will analyze the performance of the ESPs and compare the trends of the downhole parameters while operating with a standard string with a single gas separator and gas-handling system with those of an upgraded string that includes a tandem gas separator, an advanced gas-handling system, and a multiphase gas-handling system equipped with helico-axial-flow stages. This change in designs and configuration has improved the run life of the ESPs for unconventional wells with high gas volume fractions.
A modified candy-plug technique to occlude false lumen in aortic dissection
Authors: Palm Erik , Valtola Antti , Manninen Hannu , Saari Petri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Aim of this technical note article is to introduce a modified, novel way to custom create a candy-plug (CP) device to endovascularly occlude false lumen. The technique is illustrated by a patient case with significant backflow to false lumen (FL). The patient had already undergone surgical repair of the ascending aorta, aortic arch and subsequent TEVAR procedure down to the ostium of the celiac trunk because of type A aortic dissection, but the descending thoracic aorta continued to dilate due to backflow to the FL from an uncovered tear at the level of the renal arteries.Materials and methods: We modified a Gore Excluder 36-45 mm aortic extender (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Flagstaff, USA) endoprosthesis into a CP device that was subsequently positioned under local anesthesia into the FL of the distal descending thoracic aorta.Results: In 1 month control the backflow to false lumen had ceased and the aorta had decreased in diameter from 69 to 66 mm, FL from 37 to 34 mm, true lumen (TL) remained the same 32 mm. Conclusion: We describe a modified, effective candy-plug technique to occlude retrograde false lumen filling in aortic dissection.
“The wrong tools for the right job”: a critical meta-analysis of traditional tests to assess behavioural impacts of early life stress
Authors: Stupart Olivia , Robbins Trevor W , Dalley Jeffrey W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rationale: Unconditioned tasks in rodents have been the mainstay of behavioural assessment for decades, but their validity and sensitivity to detect the behavioural consequences of early life stress (ELS) remains contentious and highly variable. Objectives: In the present study, we carried out a meta-analysis to investigate whether persistent behavioural effects, as assessed using unconditioned procedures in rats, are a reliable consequence of early repeated maternal separation, a commonly used procedure in rodents to study ELS. Methods: A literature search identified 100 studies involving maternally separated rats and the following unconditioned procedures: the elevated plus maze (EPM); open field test (OFT); sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim task (FST). Studies were included for analysis if the separation of offspring from the dam was at least 60 min every day during the pre-weaning period prior to the start of adolescence. Results: Our findings show that unconditioned tasks are generally poor at consistently demonstrating differences between control and separated groups with pooled effect sizes that were either small or non-existent (EPM: Hedge’s g= -0.35, p=0.01, OFT: Hedge’s g= -0.32, p=0.05, SPT: Hedge’s g=-0.33, p=0.21, FST: Hedge’s g=0.99, p=0.0001). Despite considerable procedural variability between studies, heterogeneity statistics were low; indicating the lack of standardization in the maternal separation protocol was the not the cause of these inconsistent effects. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that unconditioned tests of depression and anxiety are unreliable for measuring the behavioural sequelae of ELS. We argue that more objective tasks that sensitively detect specific cognitive processes are better suited for translational research on stress-related disorders such as depression.