bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Plastic Intensity of Industries in the USA: The Devil Wears Plastic
Authors: White Dominic , Winchester Niven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlastic pollution is a big source of concern around the world. Research to date has focused on the types of plastic in the environment and the processing of plastic waste. For policymakers and consumers to be informed decision makers, they need to understand the industries which use plastics and the plastic intensity of those industries. Using input–output data for the USA, we calculate the plastic intensity (the value of plastic inputs per dollar of output) of 415 non-plastic industries for 13 types of plastic. We find the most plastic intensive industries are related to clothing and fabric manufacturing. This is true for aggregate plastics as well as plastics most likely to contribute to pollution. The high plastic intensity of the clothing and fabric industries is consistent with the abundance of clothing-related microplastics found in waterways. The results indicate that policies focused on consumer-facing plastics such as plastic bags do not address key plastic pollution pathways, and can help policymakers and consumers make decisions that improve environmental outcomes.
Small Block Model Tests for the Behaviour of a Blocky Rock Mass Under a Concentrated Rock Anchor Load
Authors: Grindheim Bjarte , Aasbø Karsten Sannes , Høien Are Håvard , Li Charlie C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRock anchors are used to stabilise large-scale infrastructure such as the foundations of high buildings or road cuts, and their failure could lead to severe economic and social consequences. A rock anchor can fail in one or more of the following four modes; breakage of the tendon steel, tendon-grout bond failure, grout-rock bond failure and rock mass failure. In current rock anchor design, the knowledge for the first two failure modes is satisfactorily known and is relatively easy to test. The scientific background for the last two failure modes still has a potential of improvement and further development of the design criteria is needed. To help fill this gap, a series of block model tests were conducted on a small-scale test apparatus to evaluate the load capacity of a blocky mass under a rock anchor load. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to monitor the full-field displacements in the block models. The tests showed that load arches were formed in the block layers and the anchor load was transferred to the side frames of the apparatus through these arches. The load capacity of the mass increased with the number of the block layers and the confinement. The observed load arches and the effect of the confinement were also captured in a numerical model using UDEC software. The DIC monitoring showed that the displacements in the block model were identical along a vertical line. At a given depth, the displacements decrease with the distance to the centre line of the anchor.
Establishment of a bi-layered tissue engineered conjunctiva using a 3D-printed melt electrowritten poly-(ε-caprolactone) scaffold
Authors: Xie Jiajun , Gao Qi , del Prado Zelmira Nuñez , Venkateswaran Nandini , Mousa Hazem M. , Salero Enrique , Ye Juan , De Juan-Pardo Elena M. , Sabater Alfonso L. , Perez Victor L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To utilize melt electrowriting (MEW) technology using poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) coupled with a 2-step co-culturing strategy for the development of a conjunctival bi-layer synthetic construct.

Methods
Melt electrowritten scaffolds using PCL were fabricated using an in-house-built MEW printer. Human conjunctival stromal cells (CjSCs) and epithelial cells (CjECs) were isolated from donor tissue. A 2-step co-culture method was done by first seeding the CjSCs and culturing for 4 weeks to establish a stromal layer, followed by CjECs and co-culturing for 2 more weeks. Cultured cells were each characterized by morphology and marker expression on immunofluorescence and qPCR. The produced construct was assessed for cellular proliferation using viability assays. The bi-layer morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy, and immunofluorescence imaging. The expression of extracellular matrix components and TGF-b was evaluated using qPCR.

Results
CjSCs were spindle-shaped and vimentin + while CjECs were polygonal and CK13 + . CjSCs showed consistent proliferation and optimal adherence with the scaffold at the 4-week culture mark. A 2-layered construct consisting of a CjSC-composed stromal layer and a CjEC-composed epithelial layer was appreciated on confocal microscopy, SEM, and immunofluorescence. CjSCs secreted collagens (types I, V, VI) but at differing amounts from natural tissue while TGF-b production was comparable.

Conclusion
The 3D-printed melt electrowritten PCL scaffold paired with the 2-step co-culturing conditions of the scaffold allowed for the first approximation of a bi-layered stromal and epithelial reconstruction of the conjunctiva that can potentially improve the therapeutic arsenal in ocular surface reconstruction.
Teachers and Inclusive Practices Against Bullying: A Qualitative Study
Authors: D’Urso Giulio , Fazzari Erika , La Marca Luana , Simonelli Chiara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study investigates inclusivity practices and bullying management in a group of teachers. The study involved 18 volunteer teachers from upper secondary school in Italy (12 of them were women). They ranged in age from 33 to 66 years of age (M = 44.53). A semi-structured interview was adopted to explore their knowledge on inclusivity within teaching interventions or programmes, and experiences about bullying management. Data were collected using online interviews through specific platform such as Zoom, Skype, and Google Meet. The interviews were carried out between April 2020 and October 2020 in the participant’s native language. Using thematic analysis, we identified themes within individuals’ brief narratives. Analysis was inductive and involved line-by-line coding with codes deriving from brief narratives. Four major themes emerged: (1) Contact with the phenomenon of bullying (i.e., direct experience versus lack of experience); (2) Educational-didactic practices (i.e., lack of specific knowledge regarding educational-didactic practices versus attempted solutions); (3) Awareness of the bullying phenomenon and its effects on students; (4) Avoidance solutions of topics concerning bullying incidents (i.e., disengagement and disconfirmation responses). Theoretical and psycho-educational implications are discussed.
Development and usage of an anesthesia data warehouse: lessons learnt from a 10-year project
Authors: Lamer Antoine , Moussa Mouhamed Djahoum , Marcilly Romaric , Logier Régis , Vallet Benoit , Tavernier Benoît 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the development and implementation of an anesthesia data warehouse in the Lille University Hospital. We share the lessons learned from a ten-year project and provide guidance for the implementation of such a project. Our clinical data warehouse is mainly fed with data collected by the anesthesia information management system and hospital discharge reports. The data warehouse stores historical and accurate data with an accuracy level of the day for administrative data, and of the second for monitoring data. Datamarts complete the architecture and provide secondary computed data and indicators, in order to execute queries faster and easily. Between 2010 and 2021, 636 784 anesthesia records were integrated for 353 152 patients. We reported the main concerns and barriers during the development of this project and we provided 8 tips to handle them. We have implemented our data warehouse into the OMOP common data model as a complementary downstream data model. The next step of the project will be to disseminate the use of the OMOP data model for anesthesia and critical care, and drive the trend towards federated learning to enhance collaborations and multicenter studies.
The Role of Beliefs About Emotions in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Binge-Eating Disorder
Authors: Glisenti Kevin , Strodl Esben , King Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividuals with binge-eating disorder (BED) often experience emotion regulation deficits, including negative beliefs about emotions and low emotional expressivity. The current exploratory study examined whether emotion-focused therapy (EFT) for BED could change negative beliefs about emotions and emotional expressivity. Twenty participants were randomly allocated to either immediate treatment of 12 weekly one-hour sessions of EFT for BED, or a waitlist control group. Beliefs about emotions and emotional expressivity were assessed before and after 12 sessions of EFT or 12 weeks on the waitlist. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine beliefs about emotions and emotional expressivity changes. EFT for BED resulted in significant changes in particular beliefs about emotions (Overwhelming and uncontrollable, shameful and irrational, invalid and meaningless, and total score on the beliefs about emotions questionnaire) but not emotional expressivity treatment outcomes. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that EFT may be effective in improving maladaptive beliefs about emotions in adults with BED.Trial registration ACTRN12620000563965, 14 May 2020, retrospectively registered.
Comparative analysis of the molecular subtype landscape in canine and human mammary gland tumors
Authors: Bergholtz Helga , Lien Tonje , Lingaas Frode , Sørlie Therese 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreast cancers in humans belong to one of several intrinsic molecular subtypes each with different tumor biology and different clinical impact. Mammary gland tumors in dogs are proposed as a relevant comparative model for human breast cancer; however, it is still unclear whether the intrinsic molecular subtypes have the same significance in dogs and humans. Using publicly available data, we analyzed gene expression and whole-exome sequencing data from 158 canine mammary gland tumors. We performed molecular subtyping using the PAM50 method followed by subtype-specific comparisons of gene expression characteristics, mutation patterns and copy number profiles between canine tumors and human breast tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer cohort (n = 1097). We found that luminal A canine tumors greatly resemble luminal A human tumors both in gene expression characteristics, mutations and copy number profiles. Also, the basal-like canine and human tumors were relatively similar, with low expression of luminal epithelial markers and high expression of genes involved in cell proliferation. There were, however, distinct differences in immune-related gene expression patterns in basal-like tumors between the two species. Characteristic HER2-enriched and luminal B subtypes were not present in the canine cohort, and we found no tumors with high-level ERBB2 amplifications. Benign and malignant canine tumors displayed similar PAM50 subtype characteristics. Our findings indicate that deeper understanding of the different molecular subtypes in canine mammary gland tumors will further improve the value of canines as comparative models for human breast cancer.
PVA/CMC/Attapulgite Clay Composite Hydrogel Membranes for Biomedical Applications: Factors Affecting Hydrogel Membranes Crosslinking and Bio-evaluation Tests
Authors: Farid Eman , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Taha Tarek H. , El-Dissouky Ali , Khalil Tarek E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA-CMC) composite hydrogel membranes were prepared using solution-casting method, where citric acid (CA) was added as crosslinker in different ratios of (7, 10 and12 wt%). Attapulgite clay extracted from Northwestern Desert of Borg El-Arab, Egypt; was incorporated as nanofiller (1, 2, 4, and 5 wt%) into membranes for improving their mechanical/ thermal stability. Results revealed that, physicochemical properties of membranes e.g. swelling%, tensile strength and morphology of membranes affected significantly by different clay concentrations and citric acid crosslinker. Also, attapulgite clay with concentration 1 (wt%) enhanced mechanical strength of composite membranes, compared to other clay concentrations. Furthermore, protein adsorption %, hydrolytic degradation, hemolysis (%) and antimicrobial activity significantly affected by clay contents and CA concentrations. Four bacterial pathogens e.g. Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus cereus were used for testing antimicrobial activity of prepared membranes. Results referred to increasing of clay contents led to a high hemolysis %; however, increasing CA concentration significantly reduced hemolysis %. Meanwhile, membranes with low clay contents offered the most effective resistance against tested microbes. These findings are referring to the ability of using PVA-CMC-attapulgite composite membranes crosslinked by CA as good candidate of biomaterials for dermal wound dressings.
Analysis of cellular kinetic models suggest that physiologically based model parameters may be inherently, practically unidentifiable
Authors: Brown Liam V. , Coles Mark C. , McConnell Mark , Ratushny Alexander V. , Gaffney Eamonn A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhysiologically-based pharmacokinetic and cellular kinetic models are used extensively to predict concentration profiles of drugs or adoptively transferred cells in patients and laboratory animals. Models are fit to data by the numerical optimisation of appropriate parameter values. When quantities such as the area under the curve are all that is desired, only a close qualitative fit to data is required. When the biological interpretation of the model that produced the fit is important, an assessment of uncertainties is often also warranted. Often, a goal of fitting PBPK models to data is to estimate parameter values, which can then be used to assess characteristics of the fit system or applied to inform new modelling efforts and extrapolation, to inform a prediction under new conditions. However, the parameters that yield a particular model output may not necessarily be unique, in which case the parameters are said to be unidentifiable. We show that the parameters in three published physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models are practically (deterministically) unidentifiable and that it is challenging to assess the associated parameter uncertainty with simple curve fitting techniques. This result could affect many physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models, and we advocate more widespread use of thorough techniques and analyses to address these issues, such as established Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Bayesian methodologies. Greater handling and reporting of uncertainty and identifiability of fit parameters would directly and positively impact interpretation and translation for physiologically-based model applications, enhancing their capacity to inform new model development efforts and extrapolation in support of future clinical decision-making.
Coping, Meaning Making and Resilience Within the Dutch Reformed Pietist Community During the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Cinjee Tobias , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this qualitative study, we examined how community members of the Dutch reformed pietist community coped with the COVID-19 pandemic, and which religious sources of meaning making and resilience they used during this time of crisis. Based on seven in-depth interviews, we found that the representation of God being ‘above all things’ was prominent in times of close encounter with the coronavirus. In actively interpreting the pandemic, community members tended to stay away from concrete eschatological or ecological interpretations. Rather, the general theme of ‘malleability’ was used and linked to notions of calling and punishment. Furthermore, we identified the importance of community and scepticism towards the government as sources of resilience, whereas thinking about the future of the church was a source of fear and concern.
Synergic effect between TRAIL gene and curcumin in magnetic chitosan nanoparticles on cancer cells apoptosis enhanced by laser photoactivation
Authors: Alvizo-Báez Cynthia Aracely , Peña-Torres Arnulfo Aramis , Terrazas-Armendáriz Luis Daniel , Luna-Cruz Itza Eloisa , Uscanga-Palomeque Ashanti Concepción , Sampayo-Reyes Adriana , Tamez-Guerra Reyes S. , Rodríguez-Padilla Cristina , Alcocer-González Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Apoptosis is an intensely studied mechanism for cancer therapy. Various genes, drugs, and molecules have been combined to potentiate the apoptotic effect against tumor cells. Magnetic nanocomplexes with biopolymers have been proposed as nanocarriers for delivery of active molecules and improve apoptosis induction. To these purpose were formulated magnetic nanoparticles with curcumin coated chitosan (MNPs-CHI-TPP-CUR) and magnetic nanoparticles with pCEM-TRAIL plasmid coated chitosan (MNPs-CHI-TPP-TRAIL) for use alone or in combination to induce the apoptosis of B16F10 tumor cells because curcumin is capable of overexpressing receptors TRAIL required for apoptosis induction. Also, curcumin (CUR) has been used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, it was produced and characterized nanoparticles with curcumin and nanoparticles with TRAIL gene. Both types of nanoparticles were ~ 200 nm size. The results showed that the combination of (MNPs-CHI-TPP-CUR) and (MNPs-CHI-TPP-TRAIL) induced a significant increase in cellular death within 48 h compared with the effect of each nanocomplex individually, demonstrating a synergic effect. This is the first description the synergic interaction between TRAIL gene and curcumin drug to improve the apoptosis in cancer cells. Also, it was determined that cellular death was potentiated when the treated cells were exposed to laser photoactivation with wavelengths of 405 nm and 532 nm for 15 min.
Graphical abstract
Infusion-related side-effects during convection enhanced delivery for brainstem-diffuse midline glioma/diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Hollingworth Milo , Zacharoulis Stergios 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Side-effects during convection enhanced delivery (CED) are poorly understood. We intended to determine the frequency of side-effects during brain stem infusion and determine risk factors for side-effects persisting longer than 24 h.

Methods
Children with a radiological diagnosis of brain stem diffuse midline glioma/Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma were treated on compassionate grounds with awake infusion of carboplatin and sodium valproate into the brain stem using the 4-catheter (2 trans-cerebellar 2 trans-frontal) chronic, intermittent Renishaw Drug Delivery System. We used change in the Pontine Neurological Observation Score (PONScore), a standardised neurological assessment tool, to identify side-effects during infusion. Recovery was determined by retrospective chart review.

Results
55 infusions were performed in 8 children (3–11 years). Mean PONScore increased during infusion from 3.3 to 5.7 (p-value > 0.001). One hundred and fifty-seven infusion-related side-effects were identified including headache (33/157) and limb weakness (49/157). Fifty-four side-effects persisted > 24 h. Side-effects that had occurred during a previous infusion and those that occurred during infusion via trans-cerebellar catheters were more likely to be persistent with OR 2.333 (95% CI 1.094–4.976; p-value = 0.028) and 2.155 (1.029–4.513; p-value = 0.042) respectively. If infusion was stopped or titrated at onset rather than continued, the side-effect was less likely to persist > 24 h, OR 0.473 (95% CI 0.177–0.948; p-value = 0.037). Most side-effects developed within the first three millilitre of infusion.

Conclusions
Side-effects during brainstem infusion are common, can be transient or persist longer than 24 h. Neurological injury during infusion may be time dependent and accumulative rather than volume dependent.
Nonlinear analysis of forced mechanical systemswith internal resonance using spectral submanifolds, Part I: Periodic response and forced response curve
Authors: Li Mingwu , Jain Shobhit , Haller George 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe show how spectral submanifold theory can be used to construct reduced-order models for harmonically excited mechanical systems with internal resonances. Efficient calculations of periodic and quasi-periodic responses with the reduced-order models are discussed in this paper and its companion, Part II, respectively. The dimension of a reduced-order model is determined by the number of modes involved in the internal resonance, independently of the dimension of the full system. The periodic responses of the full system are obtained as equilibria of the reduced-order model on spectral submanifolds. The forced response curve of periodic orbits then becomes a manifold of equilibria, which can be easily extracted using parameter continuation. To demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the reduction, we compute the forced response curves of several high-dimensional nonlinear mechanical systems, including the finite-element models of a von Kármán beam and a plate.
Expert hearings in mini-publics: How does the field of expertise influence deliberation and its outcomes?
Authors: Leino Mikko , Kulha Katariina , Setälä Maija , Ylisalo Juha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of key goals of deliberative mini-publics is to counteract expert domination in policymaking. Mini-publics can be expected to democratize expertise by providing citizens with good opportunities for weighing expert information. Yet, there are concerns about undue influence of experts even within mini-publics. We test these expectations by analysing data from an online mini-public organized in Finland in March 2021. The topic of deliberation was measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine whether experts’ field of specialization and the order of expert hearings had an impact on how participants’ views developed. We find that neither the field of expertise nor the order of hearings had systematic effects on participants’ perceptions on containment measures. The results suggest that interactive modes of expert hearings in mini-publics seem not to be prone to domination by experts.
Defining Higher-Risk Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Risk Scores, Genomic Landscape, and Prognostication
Authors: Shahrin Nur Hezrin , Wadham Carol , Branford Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment success story is incomplete as some patients still fail therapy, leading to end-stage disease and death. Here we discuss recent research into CML incidence, the role of comorbidities on survival and detecting patients at risk of failing therapy.

Recent Findings
The incidence of CML has fallen markedly in high social-demographic index (SDI) regions of the world but there is disturbing evidence that this is not the case in low and low-middle SDI countries. Now that CML patients more frequently die from their co-morbid conditions than from CML the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 score can assist in risk assessment at diagnosis. Non-adherence to therapy contributes greatly to treatment failure. A good doctor-patient relationship and social support promote good adherence, but patient age, gender, and financial burden have negative effects, suggesting avenues for intervention. Mutations in cancer-associated genes adversely affect outcome and their detection at diagnosis may guide therapeutic choice and offer non-BCR::ABL1 targeted therapies. A differential gene expression signature to assist risk detection is a highly sought-after diagnostic tool being actively researched on several fronts.

Summary
Detecting patients at risk of failing therapy is being assisted by recent technological advances enabling highly sensitive genomic and expression analysis of insensitive cells. However, patient lifestyle, adherence to therapy, and comorbidities are critical risk factors that need to be addressed by interventions such as social and financial support.