bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent warm and dry extremes over the eastern Mediterranean during winter: The role of North Atlantic blocking and central Mediterranean cyclones
Authors: Berkovic Sigalit , Raveh‐Rubin Shira 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPersistent dry winter events over the eastern Mediterranean (EM) disrupt the rainy (winter) season precipitation patterns and dramatically reduce water availability in the region. Here we objectively identify persistent dry, warm winter events over Israel, and apply a Lagrangian approach to three case‐studies, aiming to understand the relation between the synoptic setting, precursor Rossby waves, and how the dry, warm conditions emerge. Self‐organizing map classification of atmospheric profile data over Israel shows that the most persistent (at least 5 days) dry and warm winter events are induced by a stagnant upper tropospheric ridge over the EM, a pronounced trough or cut‐off low over the western/central Mediterranean and blocking over the North Atlantic. The leading mechanisms of the warm and dry conditions are: adiabatic heating during slantwise subsidence, heating by sensible heat fluxes from the surface, and advection of warm and dry continental air. The relative contributions of the mechanisms and geographical locations of the back trajectories vary greatly both within and among the events. In addition, the Atlantic blocking and EM ridge are supported by upstream diabatic heating in warm conveyor belts of North Atlantic cyclones and Mediterranean cyclones, respectively. A quantitative classification of the back trajectories above the Atlantic and the Mediterranean has shown transitions from adiabatic to diabatic contributions and vice versa along these paths. The sequential relation between Atlantic ridge (or block), trough over Europe and ridge over EM and/or west Russia places local persistent warm and dry extremes into a large‐scale context and thus provides new opportunities for understanding their predictability at weather and climate scales.
Heterostructured Mo‐Doped CoP on MXene Supports Enhanced the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Zhao Jiafu , Luo Shaojuan , Chen Yonghui , Zhu Runxian , Liang Jinyi , Wang Fei , Fu Xiaobo , Wu Chuande 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of safe, efficient, and non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts is a promising approach for hydrogen energy production. However, due to low electrical conductivity and weak stability, non‐noble metal catalysts for HER are significantly limited in practice. Here, a method for low‐cost catalysts was reported for synthesizing Mo‐CoP/Ti3C2Tx composites in which Mo‐doped CoP materials were facilely grown on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene. The introduction of MXene and the doping of Mo promoted electron transfer and increased the active sites compared with CoP. As HER electrocatalysts, the Mo‐CoP/Ti3C2Tx materials exhibited a good HER activity with a low overpotential of only 117 mV. What's more, these catalysts had shown excellent electron conductivity, fast catalytic dynamics, and a boosted electrochemical active surface. Suitable synthetic ratios were obtained by optimizing the MXene substrate and the Mo doping amount. This work provided a new guide for the design and exploration of MXene based electrocatalysts.
Magnetic Nanoparticles Supported on g‐C3N4 : An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl alcohol
Authors: Basyach Purashri , Saikia Lakshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA series of economic and environmental benign g‐C3N4 supported magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@g‐C3N4) were synthesized for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural (FF) into furfuryl alcohol (FFA) using ethanol as a source of hydrogen donor and solvent. The unique feature of high nitrogen content and locally conjugated structure of the g‐C3N4 have made it excellent support for loading of small sized ferrite nanoparticles. Excellent furfural conversion of 95.6 % was obtained with 100 % selectivity of the required product furfuryl alcohol over this Fe3O4@g‐C3N4 nanoparticles having mass ratio 0.2 of Fe3O4@g‐C3N4. The high surface properties, uniform dispersion of ferrite and very high ability of adsorption of furfural over g‐C3N4 attributed to the effective catalytic activity. The effect of iron content, catalyst amount, solvent, temperature and reaction time on the CTH of furfural were studied. The synthesized catalysts were characterised by various physic‐chemical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.
Electrochemical Determination of Riboflavin using a Poly(Titan Yellow) Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode in the Presence of Dopamine
Authors: Nagarajappa Hareesha , Manjunatha Jamballi G. , Al‐Kahtani Abdullah A. , Tighezza Ammar M. , Ataollahi Narges 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe bare carbon nanotube paste electrode (BCNTPE) is a helpful base material for the construction of different electrometric sensors for analytical purposes. The BCNTPE was chemically modified with a polymerization process using titan yellow (TY) dye for the selective determination of riboflavin (RF) in presence of dopamine (DA). A poly(titan yellow) modified carbon nanotubes paste electrode (PTYMCNTPE) has been constructed by a simple and eco‐friendly procedure. The PTYMCNTPE material surface was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. The outcomes suggested that the modified electrode displays high electrocatalytic action for the redox reaction of RF. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the detection of RF were found to be 2.679×10−8 M and 8.932×10−8 M, correspondingly. The proposed sensor was effectively applied for the determination of RF in a pharmaceutical sample.
Exploring the Spindle‐Shaped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as Cost‐Effective Catalyst
Authors: Ning Yuxue , Guan Yawen , Zhang Nannan , Song Wanyu , Zhang Fang , Chen Lihua , Chai Fang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAppropriate purification of the polluted water is a sustainable and significant work. The hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) is an invaluable process by transforming toxic nitrophenol to serviceable industrial raw material 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP). Suffering the limit of high‐cost precious metal as catalyst, the design and exploring cheap and efficient catalyst is urgently needed, to promote this informative process. Here, we propose a simple and economical synthesis route to synthesize spindle‐shaped CuO nanoparticles (S‐CuO NPs). XRD, SEM, HRTEM and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure, morphology and catalytic performance of the prepared nanoparticles. In the presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent, the reduction can be completed in only 90 seconds by using S‐CuO NPs as catalyst, with a good rate constant (k) of 3.774×10−2 s−1. In view of the fact positive surface charge of S‐CuO NPs promotes the occurrence of hydride transfer phenomenon, this mechanism is discussed. The conclusion shows that the prepared S‐CuO NPs have good catalytic activity, can be used as a mild and effective catalyst for the reduction of 4‐NP with good reusability, and have potential applications in catalytic applications.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Examination of N‐Phenyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐quinolone‐3‐carboxamides as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Sabbah Dima A. , Samarat Hla H. , Al‐Shalabi Eveen , Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Hajjo Rima , Sweidan Kamal , Khalaf Reema Abu , Al‐Zuheiri Aya M. , Abushaikha Ghassan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and it has a major impact on public health. Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3Kα) has been recognized as a promising drug target for developing anticancer agents. Herein, a series of N‐phenyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐quinolone‐3‐carboxamides was developed to target PI3Kα. All synthesized compounds were characterized using FT‐IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and elemental analysis. All synthesized chemical analogues exerted distinctive anticancer activity. They inhibited the growth of human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco‐2) with IC50 values between 48.63–378 μM, and human colon cancer (HCT‐116) cell lines with IC50 values between 44–664 μM. Computational modelling studies provided important biological insight. Induced‐fit docking (IFD) studies showed that the synthesized chemical analogues fit the kinase catalytic domains and form a significant H‐bond interaction network with key amino acids at the biding site. Furthermore, cheminformatics analyses indicated that all synthesized compounds were drug‐like permitting further animal testing or clinical development.
Deep‐Red Fluorescence from AIE‐Active Luminophore: High‐Brightness and Wide‐Range Piezochromism**
Authors: Ye Lijie , Lv Chunyang , Yao Yini , Wang Kunyan , Song Qingbao , Wang Kai , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yujian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDriven by the rapidly increasing demand for intelligent materials, the sensitivity of organic materials to pressure has been intensively investigated in recent years. Many examples describe material responses to both mechanical grinding and hydrostatic pressure, but only few materials have been identified with clear colour difference as well as strong penetrability, especially under high pressure, limiting development of pressure sensors. In this work, an asymmetric luminophore, MTBA was developed by end‐capping a (Z)‐3‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl)‐2‐phenylacrylonitrile (TPAN) core with propeller‐like triphenylamine (TPA) and rigid 12b‐methyl‐5,12b‐dihydroindeno[1,2,3‐kl]acridine (MeIAc) units, revealing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behaviour. In high‐pressure and grinding experiments, MTBA exhibits a dramatically large colour difference of up to 164 nm and 112 nm in deep‐red and near‐infrared regions, respectively, for piezochromic performance that is among the best reports for pure organic materials. The experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that the excellent piezochromic performance of MTBA is due to its highly twisty and rigid conformation, which weakens intermolecular π‐π interaction and obstructs emission quenching during compression.
Fatigue of welded tubular K‐joints made up of circular hollow sections
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Dürr André , Bove Simon , Roth Jakob , Knecht Wigand 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article deals with the fatigue behaviour of thick‐walled welded K‐joints made up of circular hollow sections (CHS). Two important aspects of the investigations were the extension of the application range to large CHS and the development of practice‐oriented recommendations for fabrication and quality assurance for weld shape and weld quality. For this purpose, fatigue tests were conducted on large CHS joints and on single K‐joints with specified weld irregularities. These studies were accompanied by systematic ultrasonic tests using the phased‐array technique, which were also used for the development of an inspection method for these complex weld geometries. Based on the results achieved by these experimental studies and additional numerical and statistical investigations, a proposal for a German design guideline (DASt‐Richtlinie 029) was finally elaborated to promote the practical implementation of trusses made up of CHS with thick‐walled chords and also to take a first step towards standardization.
Welded connections at high‐strength steel hollow section joints
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Kästner Thoralf , Rust Brian , Schmidt Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe calculation of the loadbearing capacity of hollow section joints using the design formulas according to EN 1993‐1‐8 assumes full‐strength welded connections if the non‐linear stress distribution over the circumference is not covered by calculation. Sufficient ductility in the connections ensures a plastic redistribution capacity within each joint. In the case of hollow section structures made of high‐strength steels, it becomes more difficult to meet the requirement for full‐strength welds as the yield strength of the base material increases.This article begins with a summary of the current rules for the design and execution of welded hollow section joints. The softening behaviour of high‐strength steels and the loadbearing capacity of welded connections with local softening in the HAZ are then discussed. That is followed by the presentation of the results from the AiF‐FOSTA research project P1020 regarding the influence of manufacturing parameters on the properties of welded connections and the HAZ. The experimental test programme for single‐sided welded T‐connections and the parameter studies within the research project P1453 are also described. Finally, a design approach is presented to account for HAZ failure and hybrid failure modes of hollow section connections.
Experimental investigation on flexural and ductile behaviors of rebar‐reinforced ultra‐high‐performance concrete beams
Authors: Qiu Minghong , Hu Yuqing , Shao Xudong , Zhu Yanping , Li Panpan , Li Xuefeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper experimentally investigated the flexural and ductile behaviors of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) beams. The failure modes, deflection, ductility, concrete strain, and reinforcement strain were tested using eight UHPC rectangular beams. The experimental parameters were the reinforcement ratio, the reinforcement diameter, and the UHPC cover thickness. The experimental results showed that all specimens exhibited flexural failure characterized by the yielding of steel rebars, multiple micro‐cracks, one localized macro‐crack, and slight crushing of UHPC. It was concluded that increasing the reinforcement ratio significantly enhanced the stiffness, flexural capacity, and ductility of the rebar‐reinforced UHPC beams, whereas showed little effect on their cracking load. Meanwhile, both the reinforcement diameter and UHPC cover thickness in the range investigated here had little influence on the flexural performance of UHPC beams in the elastic stage and crack development stage, whereas exhibited different influences in the yield stage. Besides, increasing the reinforcement ratio was in favor of presenting the deflection‐hardening behavior, while the reinforcement diameter and UHPC cover thickness had little influence on the deflection‐hardening behavior. The analytical models were established to predict the yielding load, peak load, and ultimate load of rebar‐reinforced UHPC beams, and the predictions showed good agreement with the experimental results in this study. Also, the steel reinforcement could show a dominant role in the bearing capacity by increasing the reinforcement ratio. A post‐yielding capacity factor λ was proposed, which could reasonably evaluate the deflection‐hardening and deflection‐softening behavior of UHPC flexural members in the present study. Based on other experimental results collected in literature, three different ranges for the post‐yielding capacity factor, namely, λ ≤ 0.7, 0.7 < λ < 0.9, and λ ≥ 0.9, were identified, corresponding to the deflection‐softening behavior, transition stage, and deflection‐hardening behavior, respectively.
Communication in context: How culture, structure, and agency shape health and risk communication about COVID‐19 in Ghana
Authors: Adekunle Tiwaladeoluwa B. , Mohammed Wunpini Fatimata 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite impressive strides toward proper health education about the pandemic, in resource‐limited contexts, health information dissemination occurs within a structural context that restricts the enactment of agency and further marginalizes the most vulnerable. Through observations of and reflections about Ghana's work in health communication about the COVID‐19 pandemic, this essay examines the key processes and outcomes of COVID‐19 information dissemination in Ghana, highlighting the structural factors that contribute to health inequities during the pandemic. We argue that although Ghana has been commended continentally and globally for the country's efforts in containing the virus and vaccinating its populace, there is evidence of health information access disparities across the country, especially in rural communities. In doing so, we increase knowledge about health information needs and gaps, and conclude by making recommendations for public health practitioners in Ghana and similar contexts.
Response rate and content differences between web and mail surveys
Authors: Hoerl Leone Erin , Bankovich Brittany , Morales Nia , Sauby Kristen , Shields Roger 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (Commission) conducts an annual harvest survey of licensed wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) hunters to determine the proportion of license holders that hunt and the estimated total harvest. The harvest survey is traditionally conducted with a mailed postcard, which is increasingly costly and time‐consuming to administer. The Commission has considered using a less costly and less protracted web‐based survey. From 2012 through 2014, we conducted web and mail surveys of licensed turkey hunters to compare response rates and reported rate of hunting participation. The average response rate differed between mail and web survey respondents (25.5% and 16.5%, respectively). Rates of hunting participation also differed between the survey modes; 40.5% and 61.4%, respectively, of mail and web survey respondents said that they hunted during the previous spring season. When hunting participation rates were extrapolated to the total number of license holders in the state, the projected average number of hunters across the 3 years was 17,356 (52%) greater from the web survey than the mail survey. Demographic weighting (age class, sex, ethnicity, median household income, or urbanicity) failed to account for the difference in reported hunting participation between survey modes. Our results indicated that respondents of the 2 survey modes differed fundamentally in either their hunting behavior or in their propensity to respond to the surveys, both of which have ramifications when management decisions are based on the results of harvest surveys. Although a mixed‐mode survey may be a feasible option to reduce cost and still obtain accurate harvest estimates, we caution against abruptly switching from mail to web surveys given the vastly different outcomes.
Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Authors: Geursen Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 7 erfolgt die zusammenfassende Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage und es wird ein Ausblick sowie Vorschläge für die weitere Forschung gegeben. Die Untersuchung erweitert die bisherige Nachhaltigkeitsforschung in einem wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Themenfeld durch eine operationalisierte, theoretisch-fundierte linguistische Methodik. Dabei verzahnt die Arbeit die Analyse von Unternehmens- und Medientexten mithilfe der Zusammenführung einer framesemantisch fundierten Korpuskonstitution und (Unter-)Kategorienbestimmung mit einer innovativen thematischen Klassifizierung entsprechend des Personalzyklus innerhalb eins Unternehmens. Das primäre Ergebnis der Untersuchung stellt das Kategoriensystem inklusive der Unterkategorien dar. In der Untersuchung werden nicht nur die prominenten Themen, Akteure bzw. Akteursgruppen und ihre verbalen Handlungen innerhalb des Diskurses erfasst, sondern es lassen sich auch die für die Unternehmen und Gesellschaft zentralen Themen sowie ihre Relevanz und Häufigkeit spezifischer Phänomene nachzeichnen. Aus den Analyseergebnissen leitet die Arbeit konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Unternehmen, den Staat und die Öffentlichkeit ab.
Deformed WZW models and Hodge theory. Part I
Authors: Grimm Thomas W. , Monnee Jeroen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate a relationship between a particular class of two-dimensional integrable non-linear σ-models and variations of Hodge structures. Concretely, our aim is to study the classical dynamics of the λ-deformed G/G model and show that a special class of solutions to its equations of motion precisely describes a one-parameter variation of Hodge structures. We find that this special class is obtained by identifying the group-valued field of the σ-model with the Weil operator of the Hodge structure. In this way, the study of strings on classifying spaces of Hodge structures suggests an interesting connection between the broad field of integrable models and the mathematical study of period mappings.
A random cover of a compact hyperbolic surface has relative spectral gap $$\frac{3}{16}-\varepsilon $$
Authors: Magee Michael , Naud Frédéric , Puder Doron 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLetXbe a compact connected hyperbolic surface, that is, a closed connected orientable smooth surface with a Riemannian metric of constant curvature$$-1$$-1. For each$$n\in {\mathbf {N}}$$n∈N, let$$X_{n}$$Xnbe a random degree-ncover ofXsampled uniformly from all degree-nRiemannian covering spaces ofX. An eigenvalue ofXor$$X_{n}$$Xnis an eigenvalue of the associated Laplacian operator$$\Delta _{X}$$ΔXor$$\Delta _{X_{n}}$$ΔXn. We say that an eigenvalue of$$X_{n}$$Xnisnewif it occurs with greater multiplicity than inX. We prove that for any$$\varepsilon >0$$ε>0, with probability tending to 1 as$$n\rightarrow \infty $$n→∞, there are no new eigenvalues of$$X_{n}$$Xnbelow$$\frac{3}{16}-\varepsilon $$316-ε. We conjecture that the same result holds with$$\frac{3}{16}$$316replaced by$$\frac{1}{4}$$14.
Modification of the examination of fitness for custody as a result of external factors in the period 2013–2018
Authors: Richter C. , Knöfel L. , Heide S. , Hoyer S. , Schmidt U. , Mayer-Pelinski R. , Engel A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
Previous studies have shown that the assessment of fitness for custody is influenced by external factors. In this study, we analyzed whether the changes that occurred in the period 2015–2016 (predominant involvement of forensic medicine, significant increase in the proportion of the population with a migration background) had an impact on the examination of fitness for custody in the Halle/Saale area (Germany).

Material and methods
A retrospective analysis of 1271 examinations of fitness for custody from the period 2013–2018 was carried out. Therefore, two periods (2013–2015 and 2016–2018) were considered and the various parameters were evaluated using several statistical programs.

Results
In terms of the reasons for examination, there was a significant decrease in alcohol intoxication and a significant increase in psychiatric illnesses (p = 0.016) in the period 2016–2018. Regardless of the time period there was an increase in examination time of approximately 3.5 min for examinations of people with a migration background. In comparison of the two time periods, fewer persons examined were fit for custody without restrictions and significantly more were fit for custody with restrictions only (p = <0.001).

Discussion and conclusion
The present study confirmed the influence of external factors on examination of fitness for custody. With the predominant involvement of forensic medicine, there was a significant increase in persons with limited fitness for custody. The increased proportion of persons with a migration background resulted in a broader variety of indications as well as an increase in examination time and the involvement of interpreters. For the future guarantee of the examinations, these changed circumstances must be taken into account, also including appropriate payment.