bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium selection via current sheet relaxation and guide field amplification
Authors: Yoon Young Dae , Wendel Deirdre , Yun Gunsu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although there is a continuous spectrum of current sheet equilibria, how a particular equilibrium is selected by a given system remains a mystery. Yet, only a limited number of equilibrium solutions are used for analyses of magnetized plasma phenomena. Here we present the exact process of equilibrium selection, by analyzing the relaxation process of a disequilibrated current sheet under a finite guide field. It is shown via phase-space analyses and particle-in-cell simulations that the current sheet relaxes in such a way that the guide field is locally amplified, yielding a mixed equilibrium from the spectrum. The universality of such equilibria is delineated by comparing the simulated current sheet to that observed in space.
Predictive gamma passing rate of 3D detector array-based volumetric modulated arc therapy quality assurance for prostate cancer via deep learning
Authors: Matsuura Takaaki , Kawahara Daisuke , Saito Akito , Miura Hideharu , Yamada Kiyoshi , Ozawa Shuichi , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To predict the gamma passing rate (GPR) of the three-dimensional (3D) detector array-based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) quality assurance (QA) for prostate cancer using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the 3D dose distribution.
Methods
One hundred thirty-five VMAT plans for prostate cancer were selected: 110 plans were used for training and validation, and 25 plans were used for testing. Verification plans were measured using a helical 3D diode array (ArcCHECK). The dose distribution on the detector element plane of these verification plans was used as input data for the CNN model. The measured GPR (mGPR) values were used as the training data. The CNN model comprises eighteen layers and predicted GPR (pGPR) values. The mGPR and pGPR values were compared, and a cumulative frequency histogram of the prediction error was created to clarify the prediction error tendency.
Results
The correlation coefficients of pGPR and mGPR were 0.67, 0.69, 0.66, and 0.73 for 3%/3-mm, 3%/2-mm, 2%/3-mm, and 2%/2-mm tolerances, respectively. The respective mean\(\pm\)standard deviations of pGPR\(-\)mGPR were \(-\)0.87\(\pm\)2.18%, \(-\)0.65\(\pm\)2.93%, \(-\)0.44\(\pm\)2.53%, and \(-\)0.71\(\pm\)3.33%. The probabilities of underestimate cases (pGPR < mGPR) were 72%, 60%, 68%, and 56% for each tolerance.
Conclusions
We developed a deep learning-based prediction model of the 3D detector array-based VMAT QA for prostate cancer, and evaluated the accuracy and tendency of prediction GPR. This model can provide a proactive estimation for the results of the patient-specific QA before the verification measurement.
Identification and Management of Bile Leak from Subvescical Bile Duct (“Duct of Luschka”) After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. A Systematic Review of Literature.
Authors: Mazzotta Erica , Carannante Filippo , Miacci Valentina , Mascianà Gianluca , D'Agostino Fausto , Caricato Marco , Capolupo Gabriella Teresa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. Bile leak is a rare complication after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Subvesical bile duct (SVBD) injury is the second cause of minor bile leak, following the unsuccessful clipping of the cystic duct stump. The aim of this study is to pool available data on this type of biliary tree anatomical variation to summarize incidence of injury, methods used to diagnose and treat SVBD leaks after LC.Methods English articles published between 1985 and 2021 describing SVBD evidence in patients operated on LC for gallstone disease, were included. Data were divided into two groups based on the intra or post-operative evidence of bile leak from SVBD after surgery.Results This systematic report includes 68 articles for a total of 231 patients. A total of 195 patients with symptomatic postoperative bile leak are included in Group 1, while Group 2 includes 36 patients describing SVBD visualized and managed during LC. Outcomes of interest were diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. Conclusion The management of minor bile leak is multidisciplinary. In 86% of cases, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) was the preferred way to visualize and treat this complication. Surgery shouldn’t be considered as a first-line treatment and it is recommended when endoscopic or radiological approaches aren’t resolutive.
A variety of Surface Techniques, Several Denture Base Repair Properties Were Investigated
Authors: Alfahdawi Ibrahim H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Heat-cure acrylic resin is used, and six sets of specimens were cut in guiding mode with a conventional positioning clamp. To evaluate impact strength, silicon sheets with diameters of (50×5×4) mm were created. On an alternative bending fatigue machine, specimens with a diameter of (70× 10 ×2.5) mm were evaluated. The monomer solvent's impact bond strength was found to be higher than that of the thinner solvent and the acetone solvent. Thiner solvents and monomer solvents have a lower fatigue bond strength than acetone.
Enlarged unilateral posterior vertebral column resection for spinal kyphosis accompanied with compressive vertebral fracture: short term clinical outcome with one-year follow-up
Authors: Zhang Wei , Guo Lei , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Fei , Zhang Peng , Sun Yapeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a modified surgical technique, enlarged unilateral posterior vertebral column resection (EU-PVCR), for treatment of spinal kyphosis accompanied with compressive vertebral fracture.Material and Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2020, data of 13 patients who underwent EU-PVCR were retrospectively collected. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. Clinical outcome was evaluated by kyphotic Cobb’s angle, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI). The operation time, blood loss and complications were also recorded.Results: All patients received this operation successfully. The average time of follow up was 12.3±2.1 months. At pre-operation, 1 week post-operation and 12 months post-operation, the Cobb angle were 45.5±6.1, 7.9±1.3, 8.6±1.4 (P<0.05). SVA was 3.2±0.8cm at pre-operation, and changed to 1.9±0.9cm at post-operation, and 2.1±1.1cm at the last follow up. At pre-operation, 1 weeks post-operation and 12 months post-operation, VAS were 6.1±1.3, 2.5±0.5, 1.3±0.5 (P<0.05).ODI was 28.0±2.7 before operation, and improved to 8.9±1.9 at most recent follow-up (P<0.05). No permanent neurological complication was observed during follow up.Conclusion: EU-PVCR technique is an effective surgical method for the treatment of spinal kyphosis accompanied by compressive vertebral fracture in adults, while the long-term clinical outcome remains further investigated.
Sex-Specific Cardiometabolic Risk Markers of Left Ventricular Mass in Physically Active Young Adults: The CHIEF Heart Study
Authors: Lin Gen-Min , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Liu Pang-Yen , Huang Wei-Chun , Lima Joao , Lavie Carl J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Greater physical fitness may lead to greater left ventricular mass (LVM) and reduce the effect of cardiometabolic risk factors on LVM. However, the cardiometabolic biomarkers associations for LVM have not been clarified in physically active young adults. This study included 2,019 men and 253 women, aged 18–43 years, from the military in Taiwan. All participants underwent anthropometric and blood metabolic markers measurements, and completed a 3000-meter run test for assessing fitness. LVM was calculated on the basis of an echocardiography. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the sex-specific associations between cardiometabolic risk markers and LVM indexed for the body height (g/m2.7). In men, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), 3000-meter running time, serum triglycerides, serum uric acid and waist circumference (WC) were correlated with LVM index (β = 0.073, 0.099, -0.005, 0.005, 0.237 and 0.237, respectively; all p-values < 0.05). The correlations were not significant for fasting glucose, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In women, SBP, HDL-C and WC were correlated with LVM index in the univariate analysis (β = 0.066, -0.050 and 0.318, respectively; all p-values < 0.05), whereas the correlation was merely significant for WC in the multiple linear regression analysis (β = 0.197; p-value < 0.001). In physically active adults, the associations of cardiometabolic risk markers with LVM might vary by sex. Greater physical fitness associated with greater LVM was noted only in men, while greater WC was the only metabolic risk marker for greater LVM in both men and women.
Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses unravel the heterogeneity of the prostate tumor microenvironment
Authors: Hirz Taghreed , Mei Shenglin , Sarkar Hirak , Kfoury Youmna , Wu Shulin , Verhoeven Bronte , Subtelny Alexander , Zlatev Dimitar , Wszolek Matthew , Salari Keyan , Murray Evan , Chen Fei , Macosko Evan , Wu Chin-Lee , Scadden David , Dahl Douglas , Baryawno Ninib , Saylor Philip , Kharchenko Peter , Sykes David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The treatment of primary prostate cancer delicately balances an active surveillance approach for low-risk disease with multimodal treatment including surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy for high-risk disease. Recurrence and development of metastatic disease remains a clinical problem, without a clear understanding of what drives immune escape and tumor progression. Here, we sought to comprehensively describe the tumor microenvironment of localized prostate cancer contrasting this with adjacent normal samples and healthy controls. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution spatial transcriptomic analysis. This revealed tumor context dependent changes in gene expression. Our data point towards an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment associated with suppressive myeloid populations and exhausted T-cells, in addition to high stromal angiogenic activity. We inferred cell-to-cell relationships at an unprecedented scale for ligand-receptor interactions within undissociated tissue sections. Our work provides a highly detailed and comprehensive resource of the prostate tumor microenvironment as well as tumor-stromal cell interactions.
Managing community engagement in research in Uganda: insights from practices in HIV/AIDS research
Authors: Barugahare John , Kass Nancy E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Community engagement (CE) in research is valuable for instrumental and intrinsic reasons. Despite existing guidance on how to ensure meaningful CE, much of what it takes to achieve this goal differs across settings. Considering the emerging trend towards mandating CE in many research studies, this study aimed at documenting how CE is conceptualized and implemented, and then providing context-specific guidance on how researchers and research regulators in Uganda could think about and manage CE in research. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews and focus group discussions involving forty-one respondents who were experienced in HIV/AIDS biomedical research involving CE. Thirty-eight of these were directly or indirectly associated with Uganda’s leading research institution in the field of HIV/AIDS. They included Principal Investigators, Community Liaisons Officers, Research Ethics Committee members and Community Advisory Board Members. Three respondents were from Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Data were collected between August 2019 and August 2020, using audio-taped focus group discussions and key informant interviews, transcribed and analyzed manually to generate themes and subthemes. Results: Three major themes emerged: goals-cum-value of CE; the means of CE, and, the evaluation of CE. Goals-cum-value of CE generated four subthemes that could be seen as overarching goals of CE: 1) promote communities’ agency; 2) generate and sustain trust; 3) protect and promote communities’ rights and interests; and, 4) help studies optimize participation in the form of enrolment and retention of participants. What usually comes under the nomenclatures of methods, strategies, and approaches of CE, such as town-hall meetings, sports events, drama, and the like, should simply be understood as the means of CE, and it is not desirable to hold pre-conceived and fixed ideas about the best means to conduct CE in research since a lot depend on the context. Finally, the study found that despite CE’s critical importance, which suggests the need to track and evaluate it, CE is currently intermittently evaluated, and for inadequate motivations. Conclusions: Existing guidance on how to conduct robust CE in research is no substitute for creativity, flexibility, and reflexivity on the part of both researchers and research regulators.
The influence of skin-to-skin contact on Cortical Activity during Painful procedures in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (iCAP mini): Study protocol for a randomized control trial.
Authors: Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Benoit Britney , Newman Aaron , Johnson Celeste , Bardouille Tim , Stevens Bonnie , Jiang Arlene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. Strong evidence suggests that maternal infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is effective in reducing behavioural responses to pain. Given the multi-sensory benefits of SSC, it is highly likely that SSC provided during pain in early life may reduce pain-induced brain activity. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of SSC compared to 24% sucrose on pain-induced activity in the preterm infant brain during a medically required heel lance. Secondary objectives include determining a) differences between behavioural pain response and noxious-related brain activity during heel lance; and b) rate of adverse events across groups.Methods. We will randomly assign 126 babies (32 to 36 completed weeks gestational age) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and their mothers within the first seven days of age to receive: i) SSC plus sterile water; ii) 24% oral sucrose. Each baby will receive a medically indicated heel lance, following a no treatment baseline period. The primary outcome is noxious-related brain activity measured using an electroencephalogram (EEG) pain-specific event-related potential. Secondary outcomes include pain intensity measured using a bio-behavioural infant pain assessment tool (Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised) and rate of adverse events.Discussion This will be the first clinical trial to compare the effect of SSC and 24% sucrose on pain-induced brain activity in the preterm infant brain during a clinical noxious stimulus, measured using EEG. Given the negative neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with unmanaged pain, it is imperative that preterm babies receive the most effective pain-reducing treatments to improve their health outcomes. Our findings will have important implications in informing optimal pain assessment and management in preterm infants.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03745963. Date of registration: November 19, 2018.
Development of High-Speed Rail, Agglomeration of Productive Service Industry, and Industrial Pollution Emission: Analysis Based on Three Major Urban Agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Han Zi , Guoli Ou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
From the perspective of urban agglomeration, this paper studies the spatial correlation between pollution emission and industrial agglomeration and explores the impact of high-speed railway (HSR) development on urban industrial pollution emission and its internal mechanism. Based on the panel data of cities in three major urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River from 2007 to 2019, the entropy method is used to calculate the urban pollution reduction index, and the economic and environmental effects of HSR are investigated using combined double difference and spatial econometric techniques. The results show that: (1) HSR is helpful to alleviate pollution emissions; (2) HSR promotes the aggregation of local and neighboring producer services; (3) The accumulation of producer services plays an important intermediary role in the emission reduction effect of HSR and has positive spillover effects; (4) HSR has positive effects on the reduction of urban pollution in the Yangtze River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, but it has negative effects on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The intermediary role of producer service agglomeration is more evident in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Yangtze River Delta.
Differential diagnosis of primary thyroid lymphoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma by ultrasound combined with computed tomography
Authors: Xu Dong , Peng Chanjuan , Yi Dan , Zhou Ying , Yao Jincao , Chen Bo , Yang Chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are both thyroid malignancies, but their therapeutic methods and prognosis are different. This study aims to explore their sonographic and computed tomography （CT）features , and to improve the early diagnosis rate.Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 50 patients with PTL and 100 patients with PTC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analysed.Results: There was no significant difference between PTL and PTC patients in gender ratio, echo texture, cystic change and aspect ratio (P>0.05), while the difference was significant in age, maximum diameter of nodule, asymmetric enlargement and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (P<0.001). PTL had a higher proportion than PTL in markedly hypoechoic, internal linear echogenic strands, posterior echo enhancement, rich vascularity, lack of calcification and homogeneous enhancement, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), while PTC was proportionally higher than PTL in irregular border, circumscribed margin, capsular invasion and significant enhancement, also with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Besides, PTL and PTC were significantly different in the non-contrast CT value mean, venous phase CT value mean, enhanced intensity and homogeneity of nodules (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, posterior echo enhancement, lack of calcification and homogeneous enhancement were independent risk factors (OR=1.226, 95%CI:1.056~1.423, P=0.007; OR=51.152, 95%CI: 2.934~891.738, P=0.007; OR=0.013, 95%CI: 0.000~0.400, P=0.013; OR=0.020, 95%CI: 0.001~0.507, P=0.018).Conclusions: Certain sonographic and CT features as the presence of posterior echo enhancement and lack of calcification, homogeneous enhancement were valuable for distinguishing PTL from PTC.
Female colon cancer: pattern and prognosis of distant metastases
Authors: Liu Yurong , Kang Rongbin , Zheng Huida , Wang Pengcheng , Jiang Weixin , Xiong Bin , Chen Jintao , Xu Jianhua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the metastatic pattern and prognosis of female colon cancer (FCC) to that of male colon cancer (MCC) to ascertain the independent factors impacting the prognosis of patients with FCC.Patients and Methods: The data of 135503 patients with colon cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 with at least five years of follow-up were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact probability method were used to compare clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival differences. The Cox proportional risk model was utilized to evaluate the prognostic factors impacting overall survival.Results: A total of 22977 patients with metastatic colon cancer were identified;12172(53.0%) in males and 10805(47.0%) in females. Compared to non-metastatic FCC patients, a greater proportion of metastatic FCC patients, were less than 60 years of age, black race, and grade III-IV. The primary sites were mainly located on the left side. Compared to metastatic MCC patients, a higher proportion of metastatic FCC patients ranged over 60 years of age, black race, and chemotherapy, while the primary site was located on the right side. Among CC patients who had distant metastasis of a single organ, Liver and lung were the two most common sites, and patients with lung metastases had a better prognosis than those with other types of metastasizes. FCC patients with liver metastasis had a worse prognosis than their MCC counterparts and were more likely to develop lung metastases. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk ratio was higher in metastatic FCC patients compared to those without metastases.Conclusions: We report the survival comparison of metastatic FCC with non-metastatic FCC through the SEER database. Our results suggest that it has unique clinicopathologic features and differs from metastatic MCC. Furthermore, patients with liver metastatic FCC have a worse prognosis than those with MCC. Emphasis on screening for colon cancer in women and additional clinical care should be paid for, especially for patients with FCC with metastatic liver cancer.
Multivalent Binding Kinetics Resolved by Fluorescence Proximity Sensing
Authors: Schulte Clemens , Solda Alice , Spänig Sebastian , Adams Nathan , Bekic Ivana , Streicher Werner , Heider Dominik , Strasser Ralf , Maric Hans 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multivalent protein interactors are an attractive modality for probing protein function and exploring novel pharmaceutical strategies. The throughput and precision of state-of-the-art methodologies and workflows for the effective development of multivalent binders is currently limited by surface immobilization, fluorescent labelling and sample consumption. Using the gephyrin protein, the master regulator of the inhibitory synapse, as benchmark, we exemplify the application of Fluorescence proximity sensing (FPS) for the systematic kinetic and thermodynamic optimization of multivalent peptide architectures. High throughput synthesis of +100 peptides with varying combinatorial dimeric, tetrameric, and octameric architectures combined with direct FPS measurements resolved on-rates, off-rates, and dissociation constants with high accuracy and low sample consumption compared to three complementary technologies. The dataset and its machine learning-based analysis deciphered the relationship of specific architectural features and binding kinetics and thereby identified binders with unprecedented protein inhibition capacity thus, highlighting the value of precise on- and off-rate determination for the rational engineering of multivalent inhibitors.