bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Emergency Department Visits for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Following Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Subsequent Commercialization in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Myran Daniel Thomas , Roberts Rhiannon , Pugliese Michael , Taljaard Monica , Tanuseputro Peter , Pacula Rosalie Liccardo 
Published: September 2022

ImportancePrior research suggests that the legalization of recreational cannabis is associated with increases in cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), but it is unclear how cannabis commercialization (ie, greater retail store access as well as increased variety and potency of cannabis products) may be associated with these changes.ObjectivesTo examine changes in the number and characteristics of CHS emergency department (ED) visits from before to after legalization of cannabis in Ontario, Canada.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study used interrupted time-series analyses to examine immediate and gradual changes in ED visits for CHS in Ontario, Canada, during 3 time periods: prelegalization (January 2014-September 2018), legalization with product and retail store restrictions (October 2018-February 2020), and commercialization with new products and expanded stores, which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-June 2021). Data were obtained from routinely collected and linked health administrative databases. All individuals aged at least 15 years and who were eligible for Ontario’s Universal Health Coverage were included. Data were analyzed between March and July 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMonthly counts of ED visits for CHS per capita.ResultsThere were 12 866 ED visits for CHS from 8140 individuals during the study. Overall, the mean (SD) age was 27.4 (10.5) years, with 2834 individuals (34.8%) aged 19 to 24 years, 4163 (51.5%) females, and 1353 individuals (16.6%) with a mental health ED visit or hospitalization in the 2 years before their first CHS ED visit. Nearly 10% of visits (1135 visits [8.8%]) led to hospital admissions. Monthly rates of CHS ED visits increased 13-fold during the 7.5-year study period, from 0.26 visits per 100 000 population in January 2014 to 3.43 visits per 100 000 population in June 2021. Legalization was not associated with an immediate or gradual change in rates of ED visits for CHS; however, commercialization during the COVID-19 pandemic period was associated with an immediate increase in rates of CHS ED visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31-1.70). During commercialization, rates of CHS ED visits increased more in women (IRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16-1.92) and individuals older than the legal age of cannabis purchase (eg, age 19-24 years: IRR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.19-2.16) than men (IRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.85-1.37) and individuals younger than the legal age of purchase (IRR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.42-1.45).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found large increases in CHS ED visits during the period of time when the market commercialized and the COVID-19 pandemic occurred. Greater awareness of CHS symptoms by ED staff in regions where legal commercialized cannabis markets exist is indicated.
Use of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization, Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting, and Carotid Endarterectomy in the US From 2015 to 2019
Authors: Stonko David P. , Goldsborough Earl , Kibrik Pavel , Zhang George , Holscher Courtenay M. , Hicks Caitlin W. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceA transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) device was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2015 for carotid revascularization in patients at high risk for stroke, cranial nerve injury, or major cardiac event. It is unclear how the introduction of TCAR has changed the use of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TFCAS).ObjectiveTo quantify the temporal changes in the operative approach to carotid revascularization (CEA vs TFCAS vs TCAR), and to identify patient and disease characteristics commonly associated with each approach.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study obtained data from the Vascular Quality Initiative database from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent CEA, TFCAS, or TCAR were included. Data were analyzed from January to April 2022.ExposuresMonth and year of surgery as well as patient risk status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber and proportion of carotid revascularization procedures by operative approach.ResultsA total of 108 676 patients (mean [SD] age 56.6 [12.5] years; 66 684 men [61.4%]) were included in the analysis. The most common operative approach overall was CEA (n = 81 508 [75.0%]), followed by TFCAS (n = 15 578 [14.3%]) and TCAR (n = 11 590 [10.7%]). The number of procedures increased over the study period (16 754 in 2015 vs 27 269 in 2019; P &lt; .001). In 2015, CEA was used in 84.9% of all cases, followed by TFCAS (14.4%) and TCAR (0.8%). In 2019, CEA was used in 64.8% of cases, followed by TCAR (21.9%) and TFCAS (13.3%). The proportional use of CEA decreased by 5.0% (95% CI, −7.4% to −2.6%) per year, and TCAR use increased by 5.3% (95% CI, 2.3%-8.3%) per year. Among patients at high risk, the change was greater: CEA use decreased by 7.8% (95% CI, −11.9% to −3.8%) per year, TFCAS decreased by 4.8% (95% CI, −9.5% to −0.14%) per year, and TCAR increased by 12.6% (95% CI, 7.1%-18.1%) per year. Multinomial logistic regression showed that patient risk status was the most important characteristic associated with TCAR compared with CEA (relative risk ratio, 36.10; 95% CI, 29.24-44.66; P &lt; .001) and TFCAS (relative risk ratio, 14.10; 95% CI, 11.86-16.66; P &lt; .001). Linear regression revealed no association between year of surgery and in-hospital myocardial infarction, stroke, or mortality.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study indicate that TCAR has become the dominant carotid revascularization approach, surpassing TFCAS and CEA in patients at high risk for stroke, cranial nerve injury, or cardiovascular events. Patient high-risk status was the main characteristic associated with a stenting approach, highlighting the perceived importance of carotid stenting therapies in this patient population.
Addressing Competency in Rheumatology Telehealth Care Delivery
Authors: Zickuhr Lisa , Albert Daniel A. , Herndon Connie , Imundo Lisa F. , Lopker Michael J. , Marston Bethany , Mian Nabeela , O'Rourke Kenneth , Torralba Karina D. , Westrich‐Robertson Tiffany , Venuturupalli R. Swamy , Kolfenbach Jason , Bolster Marcy B. ,   for the American College of Rheumatology Committee on Training and Workforce
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTelehealth is an essential facet of care delivery for patients with rheumatic diseases. The Association of American Medical College's (AAMC) telehealth competencies (TCs) define the skills required for delivering general telehealth care across the range of clinician experience. In this study, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) TCs working group aimed to adapt the AAMC TCs to rheumatology, outlining the skills acquisition unique to rheumatology with a focus on knowledge, skills, and behaviors expected of recent rheumatology fellowship graduates.MethodsThrough a collaborative process, the working group adapted the AAMC TCs to the training structure and practice of rheumatology. The rheumatology TCs underwent peer review among recipients of the Clinician Scholar Educator Award and attendees at the ACR 2021 Convergence conference.ResultsThe rheumatology TCs define 24 essential skills required for synchronous telehealth care of patients with rheumatic diseases. The working group adapted the AAMC's 20 TCs organized within 6 domains, added 2 skills to the AAMC's domains of patient safety and appropriate use, and data collection and assessment, and created a novel domain of systems‐based requirements with 2 competencies. The rheumatology TCs define expected skill levels for recent rheumatology fellowship graduates and experienced rheumatology clinicians.ConclusionThe rheumatology TCs represent the first adaptation of the AAMC TCs to subspecialty care, expanding the scope to include rheumatology fellowship graduates and additional domains of rheumatology practice. These competencies can guide curricular innovations and measurements of proficiency in telehealth care delivery among rheumatology trainees and experienced clinicians, enhancing the care provided to patients with rheumatic diseases.
Site‐Specific Polyplex on CCR7 Down‐Regulation and T Cell Elevation for Lymphatic Metastasis Blocking on Breast Cancer
Authors: Deng Yueyang , Tan Caixia , Huang Shuguang , Sun Honghao , Li Zhaoting , Li Jing , Zhou Zhanwei , Sun Minjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTumor metastasis contributes to high cancer mortality. Tumor cells in lymph nodes (LNs) are difficult to eliminate but underlie uncontrollable systemic metastasis. The CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is overexpressed in tumor cells and interacts with CC chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) secreted from LNs, potentiating their lymphatic migration. Here, a site‐specific polyplex is developed to block the CCR7‐CCL21 signal and kill tumor cells toward LNs, greatly limiting their lymphatic infiltration. A CCR7‐targeting small interfering RNA (siCCR7) is condensed by mPEG‐poly‐(lysine) with chlorin e6 (Ce6) modification (PPLC) to form PPLC/siCCR7. The knockdown of CCR7 by siCCR7 in tumor cells significantly reduced their response on CCL21 and LN tropism. Additionally, photodynamic therapy‐mediated immune activation precisely targets and kills tumor cells released from the primary foci before they reaches the LNs, reducing the number of tumor cells entering the LNs. Consequently, the PPLC/siCCR7 polyplexes inhibited up to 92% of lung metastasis in 4T1 tumor bearing mice and reduced tumor cell migration to LNs by up to 80%. This site‐specific strategy optimized anti‐metastasis efficacy and promotes the clinical translational development of anti‐metastatic therapy.
Metasurface Enabled On‐Chip Generation and Manipulation of Vector Beams from Vertical Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers
Authors: Fu Pan , Ni Pei‐Nan , Wu Bo , Pei Xian‐Zhi , Wang Qiu‐Hua , Chen Pei‐Pei , Xu Chen , Kan Qiang , Chu Wei‐Guo , Xie Yi‐Yang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetasurface polarization optics that consist of 2D array of birefringent nano‐antennas have proven remarkable capabilities to generate and manipulate vectorial fields with subwavelength resolution and high efficiency. Integrating this new type of metasurface with the standard vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) platform enables an ultracompact and powerful solution to control both phase and polarization properties of the laser on a chip, which allows to structure a VCSEL into vector beams with on‐demand wavefronts. Here, this concept is demonstrated by directly generating versatile vector beams from commercially available VCSELs through on‐chip integration of high‐index dielectric metasurfaces. Experimentally, the versatility of the approach for the development of vectorial VCSELs are validated by implementing a variety of functionalities, including directional emission of multibeam with specified polarizations, vectorial holographic display, and vector vortex beams generations. Notably, the proposed vectorial VCSELs integrated with a single layer of beam shaping metasurface bypass the requirements of multiple cascaded optical components, and thus have the potential to promote the advancements of ultracompact, lightweight, and scalable vector beams sources, enriching and expanding the applications of VCSELs in optical communications, laser manipulation and processing, information encryption, and quantum optics.
Approaching the Intrinsic Threshold Breakdown Voltage and Ultrahigh Gain in a Graphite/InSe Schottky Photodetector
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Cheng Bin , Lim Jeremy , Gao Anyuan , Lyu Lingyuan , Cao Tianjun , Wang Shuang , Li Zhu‐An , Wu Qingyun , Ang Lay Kee , Ang Yee Sin , Liang Shi‐Jun , Miao Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRealizing both ultralow breakdown voltage and ultrahigh gain is one of the major challenges in the development of high‐performance avalanche photodetector. Here, it is reported that an ultrahigh avalanche gain of 3 × 105 can be realized in the graphite/InSe Schottky photodetector at a breakdown voltage down to 5.5 V. Remarkably, the threshold breakdown voltage can be further reduced down to 1.8 V by raising the operating temperature, approaching the theoretical limit of 1.5 /e, with the bandgap of semiconductor. A 2D impact ionization model is developed and it is uncovered that observation of high gain at low breakdown voltage arises from reduced dimensionality of electron–phonon scattering in the layered InSe flake. These findings open up a promising avenue for developing novel weak‐light detectors with low energy consumption and high sensitivity.
Dual‐isotope approach for assessing agricultural management effects on nutrient dynamics: Proof of concept
Authors: Bos Janae , Williams Mark , Penn Chad , Smith Douglas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantifying the impact of long‐term agricultural management on nutrient fate and transport is critical for developing sustainable management solutions. In this study, the utility of a dual‐isotope approach, combining soil δ15N with analysis of δ18O of phosphate (δ18Op), was assessed at the Riesel Watershed in the Texas Blackland Prairies. The objective was to examine changes in soil nutrient concentration and isotopic signal from fields with contrasting nutrient source (inorganic fertilizer vs. poultry litter) and land use (remnant prairie vs. row crops) over a long‐term study (2002–2017). Results showed that soil δ15N varied between land use at the study onset likely because of greater N loss and cycling in row crops, with differences between row‐cropped fields becoming apparent following application of litter to one field. In contrast, soil δ18Op in row‐cropped fields only differed from the prairie following the long‐term nutrient trial; however, signatures were similar irrespective of P source. Results from this proof‐of‐concept study highlight the potential of a dual‐isotope approach for quantifying nutrient dynamics within soil systems when coupled with knowledge of long‐term management practices. Findings and study limitations also emphasize the need for future research and application of a dual‐isotope framework in agricultural landscapes for identifying and tracing nutrient fate and transport.
Bibliometric analysis of global research on fungal Metarhizium rileyi based on Web of Science
Authors: de Souza Tamires Doroteo , Pinto Antonio Alves , da Silva Luis Fernando Vieira , Maciel Rodrigo Mendes Antunes , Sosa‐Gomez Daniel Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of microbial agents for pest control has been increasing gradually since the 1960s. Among these control agents, the fungus Metarhizium rileyi is responsible for causing epizootics in larvae of Lepidopteran pests. However, studies with this entomopathogen are relatively scarce when compared to other species, such as Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae. Thus, it is relevant to identify the research gaps. Our objective was to carry out a bibliometric survey of research involving M. rileyi. The data collection for bibliometric analysis was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection database, using the keywords M. rileyi and Nomuraea rileyi, resulting in a total of 329 articles from 1974 to October 2021. The literature on M. rileyi does not demonstrate a constant upward trend, revealing only two peaks of publications (1992 and 2018), with a maximum of 12 articles per year. Of the 329 articles, 65% were published before the 1990s, emphasizing that despite recent advances, the majority of articles corresponded to the period between 1974 and 1999. In addition, 77% of the publications are focused on pest control, highlighting the importance of the pathogen for biological control. However, there is a lack of work focused on the large‐scale production of the fungus, selective media for in vitro cultivation, the shelf life and environmental influence on conidia survival, application technology, formulations, and pathogen interaction with plants and insect hosts (trophic interaction).
In Situ Inhibitor Synthesis and Screening by Fluorescence Polarization: An Efficient Approach for Accelerating Drug Discovery
Authors: Li Zhihong , Wu Yue , Zhen Shuai , Su Kaijun , Zhang Linjian , Yang Fulai , McDonough Michael A. , Schofield Christopher J. , Zhang Xiaojin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTarget‐directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry has emerged as a useful tool for hit identification, but has not been widely used, in part due to challenges associated with analyses involving complex mixtures. We describe an operationally simple alternative: in situ inhibitor synthesis and screening (ISISS), which links high‐throughput bioorthogonal synthesis with screening for target binding by fluorescence. We exemplify the ISISS method by showing how coupling screening for target binding by fluorescence polarization with the reaction of acyl‐hydrazides and aldehydes led to the efficient discovery of a potent and novel acylhydrazone‐based inhibitor of human prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), a target for anemia treatment, with equivalent in vivo potency to an approved medicine.
Dynamic AIE crosslinks in liquid crystal networks: visualizing for actuation‐guiding, re‐bonding for actuation‐altering
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Chao , Xiao Yao‐Yu , Hou Jun‐Bo , Chen Xin‐Shi , Yang Ni , Zeng Hongbo , Zhao Yue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCovalent adaptable liquid crystal networks (CALCNs) are highly potential actuating materials due to their actuation properties and shape reprogrammability. Given the importance of network crosslinking state in a CALCN actuator, we sought an all‐in‐one strategy to probe and visualize its dynamic network while ensuring actuation and reprogramming. Here, tetraphenylethylene derivatives were incorporated into liquid crystal networks via the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, acting simultaneously as reversible crosslinkers and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probes. The thermally tunable fluorescence of the resulting network can correlate to and thus visualize the actuator's crosslinking status, actuation capability and temperature in real‐time and in situ, yielding an intriguing actuation limit‐alerting function. Furthermore, we verified unprecedented reprogrammability of the AIE‐type CALCNs through both associative and dissociative exchange mechanisms of DA chemistry.
Design of Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysts for Direct Hydrogenation of CO2
Authors: Das Shubhajit , Turnell‐Ritson Roland C. , Dyson Paul J. , Corminboeuf Clémence 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite recent progress in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), direct FLP‐catalyzed hydrogenation of CO2remains elusive. From a near‐infinite array of plausible Lewis pairs, it is challenging to identify individual combinations that are appropriate for catalyzing this reaction. To this end, we propose a mapping of the chemical composition of FLPs to their activity towards direct catalytic hydrogenation of CO2into formate. The maps, built upon linear scaling relationships, pinpoint specific FLP combinations with the proper complementary acidity and basicity to optimally balance the energetics of the catalytic cycle. One such combination was experimentally validated to achieve hitherto unreported catalytic turnover for this transformation.
Challenges Arising from Continuous‐Flow Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Del Vecchio Antonio , Smallman Harry R. , Morvan Jennifer , McBride Tom , Browne Duncan L. , Mauduit Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe versatility of olefin metathesis is evident from its successful applications ranging from natural product synthesis to the valorization of renewable feedstocks. On the other side, flow chemistry has recently gained particular interest among the synthetic community, offering valuable alternatives to classic batch chemistry and paving the way to the development of new transformations. The application of continuous‐flow methods to olefin metathesis represents one of the most promising evolutions in the field at the interface of industrially relevant synthesis and reactor engineering, significantly improving some of the typical problems such as undesired self‐reactions and ethylene‐mediated catalyst deactivation. This Minireview aims to provide a brief survey covering the major aspects of those techniques which we hope may be of interest for the chemical community as well as those interested in catalysis, continuous processing, enabling technologies and reactor design.
Photocatalyzed Cascade Reactions of Cyclopropanols and α‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Olefins for the Synthesis of Fused gem‐Difluorooxetanes
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Niu Yunhong , Guo Youyuan , Wang Jiaxin , Zhang Yizhi , Liu Shanshan , Shen Xiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFluorinated fused rings are challenging to construct from simple starting materials. Herein, we report the first photocatalyzed cascade reactions of readily available cyclopropanols and α‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted olefins for the synthesis of fused gem‐difluorooxetanes. Two rings and three bonds were efficiently constructed in one reaction. The reaction showed broad substrate scope and the downstream transformations of the products demonstrated the synthetic potential of the reaction. The mechanistic study supported the presence of cascade photoredox catalysis and energy transfer catalysis/direct photo‐excitation processes.
Facile Route to Novel Diazaphosphinine‐Based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Yang Zi , Li Can , Liu Xingchen , Li Xinyu , Yu Na , Ren Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDoping main‐group elements has become a unique strategy to fine‐tune optoelectronic properties of organic π‐conjugated molecules. Herein, we report the first example of diazaphosphinine based polycyclic hydrocarbons (DP‐PAHs) via facile synthetic protocols. Synthesis of diazaphosphinine heterocycles harnesses mild and efficient P−N chemistry. The heterocycles readily undergo photocyclizations by using only oxidants. The photocyclization protocol is applicable to the heterocycles with various P‐centers. We successfully extended the protocols in extended DP‐PAHs with 13‐fused aromatic rings. Further adjusting P‐chemistry allows to efficiently fine‐tune the singlet and triplet emission characteristics. More importantly, single‐molecule white‐light‐emitting character was achieved via the balanced singlet and triplet emission of DP‐PAH. Therefore, this work opens up new horizons in the area of organic π‐conjugated materials.