bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal patterns of sleep and waking behaviors are accompanied by increased slow gamma power in an Ank3 mouse model of epilepsy-bipolar disorder comorbidity
Authors: Lopez Angel , Villacres Juan , Riveira Nicholas , Kim Sohmee , Colgin Laura , Noebels Jeffery 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ANK3 is a leading bipolar disorder candidate gene in humans. Previous studies showed that deletion of Ank3-1b, a bipolar disorder (BD)-associated variant of Ank3 in mice leads to increased firing threshold and diminished action potential dynamic range of parvalbumin (PV)-interneurons and absence epilepsy, thus providing a biological mechanism linking epilepsy and BD. To better understand the impact of defective PV interneurons on network activity and behavior in these mice, we examined spectral EEG correlates of behaviors seen in Ank3-1b knockout (KO) mice during home-cage activity using paired video-EEG recordings. Since PV-interneurons contribute to the generation of high frequency gamma oscillations, we anticipated changes in the power of EEG signals in the gamma frequency range (> 25 Hz) during behavioral deficits related to human BD symptoms, including abnormal sleep and activity levels. Ank3-1b KO mice exhibited an overall increase in slow gamma (~25-45 Hz) power compared to controls, and slow gamma power correlated with seizure phenotype severity across behaviors. During sleep, increased slow gamma power correlated with decreases in time spent in the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. Seizures were more common during REM sleep compared to non-REM (NREM) sleep. We also found that Ank3-1b KO mice were hyperactive and exhibited a repetitive behavior phenotype that correlated with increased slow gamma power. Our results identify a novel EEG biomarker associating Ank3 genetic variation with BD and suggest modulation of gamma oscillations as a potential therapeutic target.
Regulation, the Hybrid Market, and Species Conservation – The Case of Conservation Banking in California
Authors: Grimm Marie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Conservation Banking in California is a long-established offset program. Banks are hybrid instruments that hover between market autonomy and regulatory oversight. Challenges that may affect program success include aligning regulation with the scales and objectives of the hybrid market and conservation and interaction with other compensation instruments. I use an analytical framework combining social-ecological fit (does the regulation fit the spatial, functional, and temporal scales of the market or conservation?) and instrument interaction (are compensation instruments redundant, synergetic, etc.?) to analyze the institutional framework of the conservation banking program. Results show that the program fails to reflect the hybrid market or species conservation objectives, creating a social-ecological mismatch. The institutional framework disincentivizes banking, while its success in conserving species cannot be measured. Competing and redundant instruments can lead to weaker compensation. The program needs equal standards that reflect conservation objectives for all compensation instruments. Findings on fit can be useful for other banking programs, and considerations on instrument interaction could improve offsets anywhere.
Assessing Burnout Among Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Residents During Night Float Versus Day Float in a Large Academic Hospital
Authors: Tarrash Miriam , Nelson David , Gabbur Nagaraj , Goldberg Gary L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence estimates of burnout among residents vary widely. Residents experiencing symptoms of burnout are at an increased risk of delivering suboptimal patient care and contributing to an increase in medical errors.
Objective
To determine the differences in burnout among residents working night rotations versus day rotations.
Methods
All residents in a large OB/GYN residency program were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory after the first rotation of the academic year in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The scores for each of the three aspects of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: burnout, depersonalization, and personal achievement, were then separated into night and day rotations.
Results
A total of 76 responses were received, 13 from residents on night rotations and 63 from residents on day rotations with a response rate of 61.8%. Comparing resident responses for a night versus day rotation, the residents averaged a low level of burnout (a score of 17) on day shift, compared to a moderate level of burnout (a score of 18) on nights.
Conclusions
Residents averaged a low level of burnout and moderate level of personal achievement on day shift, compared to a moderate level of burnout on nights and a low level of personal achievement on nights. Although there was no difference in depersonalization when comparing the day and night shift, 45% of the responses indicated high levels of depersonalization regardless of the type of shift. These results highlight the need to continue efforts to minimize burnout in medical training.
Antimicrobial Activity of Walnut Leaf Extract against Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Badiefar Leila , Bozcheloie Zahra Soleimani , Rodriguez-Couto Susana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, hospital-acquired infections caused by multidrug resistant bacterial strains are of great concern. Thus, the development of alternative natural antimicrobial compounds is more necessary than ever. Walnut (Juglans regia L,) leaves are an easily available source of natural compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Due to these particular features, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of the walnut. leaf methanolic extract at three different concentrations (30, 50 and 100 mg/L) against the two clinical strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that both clinical strains were sensitive to all the extract concentrations tested. However, the diameter of the inhibition zone corresponding to 100 mg/L of extract concentration for P. aeruginosa was smaller than that for E. coli. These results demonstrate the potential of walnut leaves as an economical alternative source of antimicrobial agents.
Biologically Feasible Generative Networks and Evolutionary Learning
Authors: Dolgikh Serge 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Representations play an essential role in the learning of artificial and biological systems due to their capacity to identify characteristic patterns in the sensory environment. In this work we examined latent representations of several sets of images, such as basic geometric shapes and handwritten digits, produced by generative models in the process of unsupervised generative learning. A biologically feasible neural network architecture based on bi-directional synaptic connection equivalent in training and processing to a symmetrical autoencoder was proposed and defined. It was demonstrated that conceptual representations with good decoupling of concept regions can be produced with generative models of minimal complexity; and that incremental evolution of architecture can result in improved ability to learn data of increasing conceptual complexity, including realistic images such as handwritten digits. The results presented in this work demonstrate the potential of conceptual latent representations produced in unsupervised generative learning as a natural platform for conceptual modeling of the sensory environment and possibly, other intelligent behaviors.
Divergence of biocrust active bacterial communities in the Negev Desert during a hydration-desiccation cycle
Authors: Baubin Capucine , Ran Noya , Siebner Hagar , Gillor Osnat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rain events in arid environments are highly unpredictable and intersperse extended periods of drought. Therefore, tracking changes in desert soil bacterial communities during rain events, in the field was seldom attempted. Here, we assessed rain-mediated dynamics of active bacterial communities in the Negev Desert biological soil crust (biocrust). Biocrust samples were collected before, during, and after a heavy rainfall; we evaluated the changes in active bacterial composition, potential function, photosynthetic activity, and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production. We hypothesized that rain would activate the biocrust phototrophs (mainly Cyanobacteria), while desiccation would inhibit their activity. In contrast, the biocrust Actinobacteria would decline during rewetting and revive with desiccation. Our results showed that hydration increased chlorophyll content and EPS production. As expected, biocrust rewetting activated Cyanobacteria, which replaced the former dominant Actinobacteria, boosting potential autotrophic functions. However, desiccation of the biocrust did not immediately change the bacterial composition or potential function and was followed by a delayed decrease in chlorophyll and EPS levels. This dramatic shift in the community upon rewetting led to modifications in the ecosystem services. We propose that following a rain event, the response of the active bacterial community lagged behind the biocrust water content due to the production of EPS which delayed desiccation and temporarily sustained the biocrust community activity.
Impact of presence, level and closure of a stoma on growth in young children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schattenkerk Laurens D. Eeftinck , Vogel Irene , Jong Justin R. , Tanis Pieter J. , Gorter Ramon R. , Tabbers Merit M. , Heurn Ernest LW , Musters Gijs D. , Derikx Joep PM 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
IntroductionA stoma will cause nutrients loss which could result in impaired growth. Impaired growth can negatively impact long-term development. This study aims to evaluate: 1) the effect of stomas on growth comparing small bowel stoma versus colostomy, 2) if early closure (within 6 weeks), proximal small bowel stoma (within 50 centimeters of Treitz), major small bowel resection (≥30 centimeters) or adequate sodium supplementation (urinary level ≤30mmol/L) influence growth. MethodsYoung children (≤3 years) treated with stomas between 1998-2018 were retrospectively identified. Growth was measured with weight-for-age Z-scores. Malnourishment was defined using the WHO-definition. Comparison between changes in Z-scores at closure and a year following closure was done by Friedman-test with post-hoc-Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test or Wilcoxon-rank-sum-test when necessary. ResultsIn the presence of a stoma, 61% showed growth decline. Severe malnourishment was seen at time of stoma closure in 51% of the patients treated by small bowel stoma and 16% of those treated by colostomy. Within a year following stoma closure 67% showed a positive growth trend. Having a proximal small bowel stoma and undergoing major small bowel resection led to significantly lower Z-scores at closure. Adequate sodium supplementation and early closure didn’t lead to significant changes in Z-scores. ConclusionStomas have a negative impact on growth in the majority of children. This impact might be decreased by preventing small bowel stomas, specifically proximal stomas, and limiting small bowel resection. Since stoma closure is essential in reversing the negative effect on growth, we opt that early closure might result in an early shift to catch-up growth.
Design and Implementation of a Chaotic Unipolar Sine-Pulse Modulation Technique for a transformerless single-phase Grid-Connected Photovolatic Inverter
Authors: Kraiem Sana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transformerless grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic (PV) applications provide several advantages such as reduced cost and volume as well as an increased efficiency. However, the removal of the transformer gives rise to several problems related to leakage currents and electromagnetic interferences (EMI). This paper presents different chaotic unipolar sine-pulse width modulation (C-USPWM) techniques for a transformerless grid-connected PV inverter based on parameter selection. The main objective behind this proposed chaotic modulation technique is to reduce the conducted EMI without worsening the power quality and the common mode voltage (CMV). The method is validated through numerical simulations and experimental tests carried out on laboratory prototype of an optimized H5 inverter (oH5). The obtained results showed its superiority to the conventional unipolar sine-pulse width modulation (USPWM). We showed also that the appropriate parameter selection of the C-UPSWM could advantageously combine an improved EMI performance and an efficient control, making it possible to deliver a significant reduction of the peaks’ amplitudes in the frequency spectrum of the common-mode (CM) voltage.
Using structural equation modeling to explore the pathways between a social norms-shifting intervention and couple communication for family planning in Kinshasa, DRC
Authors: Lorenzetti Lara , Costenbader Elizabeth , Martinez Andres , McLarnon-Silk Courtney , Lundgren Rebecka , Kohli Anjalee , Quirke Francesca , Shaw Bryan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background. Approaches to shifting social norms are an increasingly common component of interventions seeking to promote family planning (FP) use. Yet, gaps remain in our understanding of how these norms-shifting interventions (NSIs) work, including how pathways to behavior change that include norms and related mediating factors work. The Masculinité, Famille, et Foi (MFF) intervention in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was a multi-component NSI that included a variety of activities intended to generate synergistic effects and different pathways to achieve FP behavior change.Methods. We used structural equation modeling to assess the simultaneous relationships between: 1) the MFF intervention; 2) mediating variables, including descriptive and injunctive social norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy; and 3) couple communication for FP, which has been shown to facilitate voluntary, autonomous FP use. We assessed for aggregate, indirect, and direct effects among an endline sample of MFF participants who were newly married couples and first-time parents.Results. Our sample included n=435 women and n=356 men from 8 experimental and 9 control Protestant congregations in Kinshasa. Our models demonstrated strong goodness of fit, indicating support for the direction of effects. We found an overall aggregate effect of the intervention on couple communication among women (p=0.01). We did not find any statistically significant indirect effects in either model; however, we identified several significant direct effects between descriptive norms for FP, gender equity, and intimate partner violence and injunctive norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy for men and women. Conclusions. Our finding of aggregate intervention effects on couple communication for women confirms the need for multicomponent interventions that work simultaneously to shift norms and to modify attitudes and increase self-efficacy to achieve behavior change. A lack of comparable aggregate effects among men indicates that pathways to achieving improved couple communication may necessitate different messages or approaches for men than women. Findings also suggest that achieving shifts in descriptive norms may produce a ripple effect on other social and individual-level mediating factors. Additional intervention evaluations that account for the synergistic effects of intervention components and directed pathways to program outcomes are needed to inform the design of multicomponent NSIs.
Experimental Infection with Xiphidiocercariae and Surveying Aquatic Product infection with Metacercariae
Authors: Li Ming-Hsien 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The artificial gastric-juice digestive method was used to examine 250 preserved clams, 125 living Corbicula fluminea samples, and 53 preserved fish that were all bought randomly from markets. We did not observe any metacercariae in the products bought from traditional markets. However, this does not indicate that preserved aquatic products can be sold without being cooked because, we observed that self-infected metacercariae survive for 5 minutes after being digested in fish bodies can still at a temperature of 50°C, but survive for only 1 minute when the temperature rises to 80°C. In an experimental infection study, we determined that Corbicula fluminea was not infected with xiphidiocercariae, but the fins of Opsariichthys pachycephalus can be infected and experimental metacercariae were observed. Austropeplea ollula was determined to be the first intermediate host of the xiphidiocercaria parasite, and Opsariichthys pachycephalus is a suitable second intermediate host of trematodes. Therefore, raw or insufficiently cooked, they pass down parasitic diseases.
Third-generation cephalosporin resistant gram-negative bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy; an 11-year multi-centre retrospective study
Authors: Court Jara R. de la , Woudt Sjoukje H. S. , Schoffelen Annelot F. , Heijmans Jarom , de Jonge Nick A. , Bruggen Tjomme van der , Bomers Marije K. , Lambregts Merel M. C. , Schade Rogier P. , Sigaloff Kim C.E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Among patients with haematological malignancy, bacteraemia is a common complication during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Resistance of gram-negative pathogens to third-generation cephalosporins is increasing. We aimed to assess the distribution of pathogens causing bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy, and the proportion of 3GC-R GNB bacteraemia that was preceded by 3GC-R GNB colonization.
Methods
Using 11 years of data (2008–2018) from the Dutch national antimicrobial resistance surveillance system, we assessed the prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative bacteria (3GC-R GNB) in episodes of bacteraemia, and the proportion of 3GC-R GNB bacteraemia that was preceded by 3GC-R GNB colonization (identified using surveillance cultures) in the year before.
Results
We included 3,887 patients, representing 4,142 episodes of bacteraemia. GNB were identified in 715/4,142 (17.3%), of which 221 (30.9%) were 3GC-R GNB. In (106/139) 76.2% of patients with a 3GC-R GNB bacteraemia and available GNB surveillance cultures in the preceding year, 3GC-R GNB colonization had been previously identified.
Conclusions
This multi-centre study shows that in patients with haematological malignancy, the majority of 3GC-R GNB bacteraemia is preceded by 3GC-R GNB colonization. Prospective clinical studies are needed to assess the safety and benefits of surveillance-culture guided empirical therapy to restrict the empirical use of carbapenems in this population.
Assessing the Livelihood Strategies of Intensive Vegetable Farmers in the surge of Urbanization in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Adusei Frank Yeboah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The original contribution of this study with respect to objectives has been to: assess the livelihood strategies of intensive vegetable farmers in Kumasi Metropolis; investigate the contribution of intensive vegetable production and make new strategies for the farmers to cope with the decreasing land size. The study used the case study technique for data collection. Checklists were used for data collection through semi-structured interviews. Ten participants were selected, eight farmers and two Agricultural Officers. The size of the participants was influenced by the difficulty in getting farmers in Kumasi Metropolis. Besides, the intent was to become full with information on the topic at hand but not to maximize numbers. Descriptive and qualitative methods were used to present the primary data collected. The results showed that all the farmers interviewed were food secured. However, the main livelihood strategies employed by them were growing vegetables that are early maturing and investing in non-traditional animal rearing. It was evident that intensive vegetable farming provides fresh vegetables for a large segment of the urban population. It provides employment and income to a host of people including the farmers, marketers and urban poor as farm labourers which helps them to improve their food security status. Although livelihoods were primarily constrained by the loss of lands for residential purposes due to urbanization. It could be inferred that the significant features of farming as a food security strategy have not been fully understood by some stakeholders including policymakers. As it stands now, the future of intensive vegetable farming in the Metropolis is not optimistic if the situation continues as the farmers are not sure about their land security.
Analysis of the disease constituent ratio and prognosis of patients undergoing ambulatory surgery in oral and maxillofacial medicine: a monocentric retrospective analysis of 427 patients
Authors: Wang Honghao , Chi Yifan , Hou Jun , Lu Yao , Yang Mingen , Li Tingyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ambulatory surgery and single-visit surgery are becoming increasingly accepted and practiced in oral and maxillofacial medicine worldwide due to their social and economic benefits. In China, however, their use is still insufficient and falling behind. To innovatively optimize the surgical procedure, research on the types and frequencies of surgeries is needed. The prognosis of patients also has yet to be studied.
Methods
The clinical data of patients undergoing the same treatments (ambulatory surgery) were collected, and information on their chief complaint and its history, age, and diagnosis characteristics was specifically included. Follow-up phone calls were conducted 1 and 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks, and 1 month after treatment. Information on their recovery and well-being was collected.
Results
A total of 427 patients were recruited for this study, including 224 males and 203 females. Their ages ranged from 1–68 and averaged 23.07 ± 11. Ambulatory surgery was voluntarily selected by 43.55% of the patients. A total of 62.9% of them selected it for convenience, while 43.55% selected it for pain reduction. The three top diseases treated via ambulatory surgery were impacted teeth (accounting for 56.7% of the total incidence), odontogenic cysts (14.75%), and supernumerary teeth (10.1%). Postoperative complications occurred in 248 of the 427 patients, and the incidence rate was 58.08%. The top three complications were postoperative pain (56.44%), restricted mouth opening (30.91%), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (7.49%). There were no cases of life-threatening complications or death. The complications frequently occurred on Day 3 after the operation and resolved after 2 weeks.
Conclusion
Ambulatory surgery has been increasingly acknowledged as one of the most effective patterns of treatment and service. Accordingly, broader use of it is necessary. Further development of ambulatory surgery (related to oral and maxillofacial surgery) is possible with the assistance of anesthesia and nursing personnel, while it may create multiple challenges for clinical institutions. In current settings, ambulatory surgery can be further developed by optimizing the regulations regarding diagnosis and treatments, promoting the dissemination of medical and clinical knowledge, increasing the engagement of related personnel, and improving the professionalism and timeliness of postoperative follow-ups.