bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular heterogeneity and repolarisation across the atria: an in silico study
Authors: Elliott Jordan , Mainardi Luca , Rodriguez Matas Jose Felix 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation and the susceptibility to reentries can be impacted by the repolarization across the atria. Studies into atrial fibrillation ignore cell-to-cell heterogeneity due to electrotonic coupling. Recent studies show that cellular variability may have a larger impact on electrophysiological behaviour than assumed. This paper aims to determine the impact of cellular heterogeneity on the repolarization phase across the AF remodelled atria. Using a population of models approach, 10 anatomically identical atrial models were created to include cellular heterogeneity. Atrial models were compared with an equivalent homogenous model. Activation, APD90, and repolarization maps were used to compare models. The impact of electrotonic coupling in the tissue was determined through a comparison of RMP, APD20, APD50, APD90, and triangulation between regional atrial tissue and the single cell populations. After calibration, cellular heterogeneity does not impact atrial depolarization. Repolarization patterns were significantly impacted by cellular heterogeneity, with the APD90 across the LA increasing due to heterogeneity and the reverse occurring in the RA. Electrotonic coupling caused a reduction in variability across all biomarkers but did not fully remove variability. Electrotonic coupling resulted in an increase in APD20 and APD50, and reduced triangulation compared to isolated cell populations. Heterogeneity also caused a reduction in triangulation compared with regionally homogeneous atria.
Graphical abstract
Ecological ceiling and social floor: public support for eco-social policies in Sweden
Authors: Khan Jamil , Emilsson Kajsa , Fritz Martin , Koch Max , Hildingsson Roger , Johansson Håkan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate public support for eco-social policies combining goals of social justice and ecological sustainability. Eco-social policies contribute both to providing a social floor or redistributing resources to where they are needed and to respecting an ecological ceiling by keeping human activities within ecological limits. We discuss five such policies and highlight arguments for and against defining them as eco-social policies: a maximum income, a wealth tax, a basic income, a working time reduction and a meat tax. Asking what the social and individual determinants of supporting these policies are, we use 2020 data from a representative survey in Sweden containing information about how respondents evaluate the policies. We run regression analyses to estimate the effects on these evaluations and test for socio-economic, knowledge-based and value-based factors. Results show that (1) in Sweden a working time reduction is the most supported eco-social policy; (2) political left orientation increases support for all five eco-social policies; (3) socio-economic factors have effects on wealth tax, maximum income and working time reduction; and (4) knowledge-based factors are more associated with the meat tax. Thus, socio-economic and knowledge-based models have the most significance for policies that could be understood as being either social or environmental, while value-based models have significance across potentially perceived policy divides and hence to a greater extent explain support for policies targeting an ecological ceiling and a social floor.
Management of AKI in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Regner Kevin R. , Kanduri Swetha Rani , Velez Juan Carlos Q. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
The development of acute failure of the kidneys in the context of decompensated cirrhosis represents one of the most challenging scenarios in clinical medicine due to the severity and complexity of the coexistence of those 2 illnesses. Thus, managing those cases can be cumbersome.

Recent Findings
While the state of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension can lead to a unique type of acute kidney injury (AKI)—hepatorenal syndrome type 1 (HRS-1)—a number of other etiologies can cause AKI, such as prerenal or cardiorenal insults, acute tubular injury, and other parenchymal entities. As a result, medical management of AKI in cirrhosis should be dictated by the driving cause of AKI.

Summary
Intravenous albumin is the preferred volume expander for hypovolemic states. Decongestive therapies are indicated in tense ascites-associated abdominal compartment syndrome and/or cardiorenal syndrome type 1. Vasoconstrictor therapy aimed to a specific rise in mean arterial pressure constitutes the cornerstone of the management of HRS-1. Most tubular causes of AKI are managed with supportive care, whereas other tubulointerstitial and glomerular conditions may warrant other interventions such as drug discontinuation, immunosuppression, or antimicrobial/antiviral therapy. Ultimately, AKI unresponsive to medical management may progress, and patients may ultimately necessitate renal replacement therapy (RRT) to sustain life. However, RRT must be carefully considered in this patient population taking in consideration eligibility for liver transplantation, life expectancy, risks and morbidity associated with RRT, and patients’ wishes and those of their families or support network.
Classification of Level of Consciousness in a Neurological ICU Using Physiological Data
Authors: Gomez Louis A. , Shen Qi , Doyle Kevin , Vrosgou Athina , Velazquez Angela , Megjhani Murad , Ghoshal Shivani , Roh David , Agarwal Sachin , Park Soojin , Claassen Jan , Kleinberg Samantha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Impaired consciousness is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and an individual’s degree of consciousness is crucial to determining their care and prognosis. However, there are no methods that continuously monitor consciousness and alert clinicians to changes. We investigated the use of physiological signals collected in the ICU to classify levels of consciousness in critically ill patients.

Methods
We studied 61 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and 178 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from the neurological ICU at Columbia University Medical Center in a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data. The level of consciousness was determined on the basis of neurological examination and mapped to comatose, vegetative state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS), minimally conscious minus state (MCS−), and command following. For each physiological signal, we extracted time-series features and performed classification using extreme gradient boosting on multiple clinically relevant tasks across subsets of physiological signals. We applied this approach independently on both SAH and ICH patient groups for three sets of variables: (1) a minimal set common to most hospital patients (e.g., heart rate), (2) variables available in most ICUs (e.g., body temperature), and (3) an extended set recorded mainly in neurological ICUs (absent for the ICH patient group; e.g., brain temperature).

Results
On the commonly performed classification task of VS/UWS versus MCS−, we achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) in the SAH patient group of 0.72 (sensitivity 82%, specificity 57%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.81) using the extended set, 0.69 (sensitivity 83%, specificity 51%; 95% CI 0.59–0.78) on the variable set available in most ICUs, and 0.69 (sensitivity 56%, specificity 78%; 95% CI 0.60–0.78) on the minimal set. In the ICH patient group, AUROC was 0.64 (sensitivity 56%, specificity 65%; 95% CI 0.55–0.74) using the minimal set and 0.61 (sensitivity 50%, specificity 80%; 95% CI 0.51–0.71) using the variables available in most ICUs.

Conclusions
We find that physiological signals can be used to classify states of consciousness for patients in the ICU. Building on this with intraday assessments and increasing sensitivity and specificity may enable alarm systems that alert physicians to changes in consciousness and frequent monitoring of consciousness throughout the day, both of which may improve patient care and outcomes.
Monotone continuous dependence of solutions of singular quenching parabolic problems
Authors: Díaz Jesus Ildefonso , Giacomoni Jacques 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe prove the continuous dependence, with respect to the initial datum of solutions of the “quenching parabolic problem”$$\partial _{t}u-\Delta u+\chi _{\{u>0\}}u^{-\beta }=\lambda u^{p}$$∂tu-Δu+χ{u>0}u-β=λup, with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions, when$$\beta \in (0,1),p\in (0,1],\lambda \ge 0$$β∈(0,1),p∈(0,1],λ≥0and$$\chi _{\{u>0\}}$$χ{u>0}denotes the characteristic function of the set of points (x, t) where$$u(x,t)>0$$u(x,t)>0. Notice that the absorption term$$\chi _{\{u>0\}}u^{-\beta }$$χ{u>0}u-βis singular and monotone decreasing which does not allow the application of standard monotonicity arguments.
Cannabidiol’s Multifactorial Mechanisms Has Therapeutic Potential for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Review
Authors: Henry Nicholas , Fraser Justin F. , Chappell Joseph , Langley Tamra , Roberts Jill M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major health burden that accounts for approximately 5% of all strokes. The most common cause of a non-traumatic SAH is the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. The most common symptom associated with SAH is a headache, often described as “the worst headache of my life.” Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major factor associated with patient mortality following SAH and is often associated with SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm (CV). Cannabidiol (CBD) is emerging as a potential drug for many therapeutic purposes, including epilepsy, anxiety, and pain relief. We aim to review the potential use of CBD as a treatment option for post-SAH critically ill patients. Through a literature review, we evaluated the known pharmacology and physiological effects of CBD and correlated those with the pathophysiological outcomes associated with cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although overlap exists, data were formatted into three major categories: anti-inflammatory, vascular, and neuroprotective effects. Based on the amount of information known about the actions of CBD, we hypothesize the anti-inflammatory effects are likely to be the most promising therapeutic mechanism. However, its cardiovascular effects through calcium regulation and its neuroprotective effects against cell death, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress are all plausible mechanisms by which post-SAH critically ill patients may benefit from both early and late intervention with CBD. More research is needed to better understand if and how CBD might affect neurological and vascular functions in the brain following injury such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being
Authors: Mapook Ausana , Hyde Kevin D. , Hassan Khadija , Kemkuignou Blondelle Matio , Čmoková Adéla , Surup Frank , Kuhnert Eric , Paomephan Pathompong , Cheng Tian , de Hoog Sybren , Song Yinggai , Jayawardena Ruvishika S. , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , Mahmoudi Tokameh , Ponts Nadia , Studt-Reinhold Lena , Richard-Forget Florence , Chethana K. W. Thilini , Harishchandra Dulanjalee L. , Mortimer Peter E. , Li Huili , Lumyong Saisamorm , Aiduang Worawoot , Kumla Jaturong , Suwannarach Nakarin , Bhunjun Chitrabhanu S. , Yu Feng-Ming , Zhao Qi , Schaefer Doug , Stadler Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of –OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.
Carbon stocks and changes in biomass of Mediterranean woody crops over a six-year period in NE Spain
Authors: Funes Inmaculada , Molowny-Horas Roberto , Savé Robert , De Herralde Felicidad , Aranda Xavier , Vayreda Jordi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbon sequestration and storage in biomass is one of the most important measures to mitigate climate change. Mediterranean woody crops can sequestrate carbon in the biomass of their permanent structures for decades; however, very few studies have focused on an assessment of biomass and carbon sequestration in these types of crops. This study is the first to estimate above- and belowground biomass carbon stock in Mediterranean woody crops through a bottom-up approach in the NE Iberian Peninsula in 2013. Moreover, this is the first time that an assessment of the annual changes in carbon stock in the study area over a six-year period is presented. For this purpose, eight crop- and site-specific equations relating biomass or biometric variables to crop age were calculated. Most of the data were our own measurements, but unpublished data supplied from other authors as well as data from literature were also considered. Census of Agriculture data was used to scale results from individual data up to the municipality level at the regional scale. Results show that in woody cropland in NE Spain the total biomass carbon stock in 2013 was 5.48 Tg C, with an average value of 16.44 ± 0.18 Mg C ha−1. Between 2013 and 2019, although there was a 2.8% mean annual decrease in the area covered by woody crops, the carbon stock in the biomass of these crops increased annually by 3.8% due to the growth of the remaining woody cropland. This new estimation of carbon stocks may contribute to better understand carbon balances and serve as a baseline to global inventories. It may also serve to assess and manage carbon storage as an ecosystem service provided by Mediterranean woody cropland for mitigating climate change and, in combination with adaptive strategies, for supporting a productive and resilient agro-food system.
Planar Zintl-phase high-temperature thermoelectric materials XCuSb (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) with low lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Zheng Sikang , Peng Kunling , Xiao Shijuan , Zhou Zizhen , Lu Xu , Han Guang , Zhang Bin , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA recent discovery of high-performance Mg3Sb2 has ignited tremendous research activities in searching for novel Zintl-phase compounds as promising thermoelectric materials. Herein, a series of planar Zintl-phase XCuSb (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) thermoelectric materials are developed by vacuum induction melting. All these compounds exhibit high carrier mobilities and intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivities (below 1 W·m−1·K−1 at 1010 K), resulting in peak p-type zT values of 0.14, 0.30, and 0.48 for CaCuSb, SrCuSb, and BaCuSb, respectively. By using BaCuSb as a prototypical example, the origins of low lattice thermal conductivity are attributed to the strong interlayer vibrational anharmonicity of Cu—Sb honeycomb sublattice. Moreover, the first-principles calculations reveal that n-type BaCuSb can achieve superior thermoelectric performance with the peak zT beyond 1.1 because of larger conducting band degeneracy. This work sheds light on the high-temperature thermoelectric potential of planar Zintl compounds, thereby stimulating intense interest in the investigation of this unexplored material family for higher zT values.
Microstructure Characterization and Reconstruction in Python: MCRpy
Authors: Seibert Paul , Raßloff Alexander , Kalina Karl , Ambati Marreddy , Kästner Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrostructure characterization and reconstruction (MCR) is an important prerequisite for empowering and accelerating integrated computational materials engineering. Much progress has been made in MCR recently; however, in the absence of a flexible software platform it is difficult to use ideas from other researchers and to develop them further. To address this issue, this work presents MCRpyas an easy-to-use, extensible and flexible open-source MCR software platform.MCRpycan be used as a program with graphical user interface, as a command line tool and as a Python library. The central idea is that microstructure reconstruction is formulated as a modular and extensible optimization problem. In this way, arbitrary descriptors can be used for characterization and arbitrary loss functions combining arbitrary descriptors can be minimized using arbitrary optimizers for reconstructing random heterogeneous media. With stochastic optimizers, this leads to variations of the well-known Yeong–Torquato algorithm. Furthermore,MCRpyfeatures automatic differentiation, enabling the utilization of gradient-based optimizers. In this work, after a brief introduction to the underlying concepts, the capabilities ofMCRpyare demonstrated by exemplarily applying it to typical MCR tasks. Finally, it is shown how to extendMCRpyby defining a new microstructure descriptor and readily using it for reconstruction without additional implementation effort.
A $$\overline{\partial }$$-dressing method for the mixed Chen–Lee–Liu derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Sun Shi-Fei , Li Biao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, we apply the $$\overline{\partial }$$

∂
¯

-dressing method to study the mixed Chen–Lee–Liu derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CLL–NLS) with non-normalization boundary conditions. The spatial and time spectral problems associate with CLL–NLS equation which are derived from local $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

matrix. A CLL–NLS hierachy with source is proposed by using recursive operator. Based on the $$\overline{\partial }$$

∂
¯

-equation, the N-solitons of the CLL–NLS equation are constructed by choosing a special spectral transformation matrix. Further more, the explicit two-soliton is obtained.
Developing a well-received pre-matriculation program: the evolution of MedFIT
Authors: Allen Alexa , Conner Brandon , Gantman Brooke , Warner Kendal , Nash Ranna , Janes Brady , Hellum Megan , Singer Cherie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The transition to medical school marks a very stressful time for matriculating students. Despite this challenging transition period, intellectually rigorous pre-matriculation programs are not a common component of the curriculum at many medical schools across the country. Students are often not given the opportunity to learn about the high expectations of medical school before being thrown into classes. Thus, more time and attention should be devoted to curricular interventions that target this critical window in medical education.

Methods
MedFIT is a robust, 1.5-week orientation program that introduces matriculating students to the rigors of medical school in a low-stakes environment. This program provides students with a preview of the University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine (UNR Med) curriculum through hands-on learning sessions in addition to exposing them to extracurricular opportunities and research initiatives. Furthermore, MedFIT connects incoming students with second-year mentors, laying the foundation for longitudinal peer mentorship.

Findings
Qualitative survey feedback from each subsequent class has been increasingly positive, demonstrating MedFIT’s effectiveness in improving students’ academic and interprofessional transitions into medical school. Despite the program's hybrid format in 2020 due to COVID-19, overall ratings were as positive as the previous year. Additionally, students had decreased rates of remediation, repeated years, and withdrawal, and had better Match outcomes when compared to students who participated in UNR Med’s previous orientation program.

Discussion and conclusions
MedFIT remains a well-received, adaptable entity that is continuously modified every year to best supplement student needs and mirror the pre-clinical curricular landscape present at that time.
Evaluate the practice of preoperative informed consent for elective surgical patients at the university hospital, Ethiopia, in 2022
Authors: Molla Misganew Terefe , Bizuneh Yosef Belay , Nigatu Yonas Addisu , Melesse Debas Yaregal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Obtaining preoperative informed consent is considered an integral part of modern clinical practice. It works as a safeguard of the patient’s rights and minimizes the chances of legal action against the surgical team members. This study was to evaluate the practice of informed consent in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods
The study was approved by the ethical committee of the school of medicine. The patients were reassured about the anonymity of their information. A study was conducted at different surgical departments of a teaching university hospital for one month. Participants were selected based on consecutive sampling from patients over the age of 18 years who had undergone elective surgery.

Results
The overall adherence of our study to standard guidelines was 48.5%. During informed consent, 51% of patients were informed about their current condition; 49% of patients were informed about the nature and purpose of the proposed surgery; and 25% of patients were informed about the estimated duration of surgery and anesthesia.

Conclusion and recommendation
The overall adherence of our study to standard guidelines was 48.5%. The quality of the makeshift informed consent process in this study is less than the standards. There is a great need to educate the surgical team members regarding the importance of patients’ autonomy and their right to information about the proposed surgical procedure and anesthesia.

Highlights
Omega results for cubic field counts via lower-order terms in the one-level density
Authors: Cho Peter J. , Fiorilli Daniel , Lee Yoonbok , Södergren Anders 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain a precise formula for the one-level density of L-functions attached to non-Galois cubic Dedekind zeta functions. We find a secondary term which is unique to this context, in the sense that no lower-order term of this shape has appeared in previously studied families. The presence of this new term allows us to deduce an omega result for cubic field counting functions, under the assumption of the Generalised Riemann Hypothesis. We also investigate the associated L-functions Ratios Conjecture and find that it does not predict this new lower-order term. Taking into account the secondary term in Roberts’s conjecture, we refine the Ratios Conjecture to one which captures this new term. Finally, we show that any improvement in the exponent of the error term of the recent Bhargava–Taniguchi–Thorne cubic field counting estimate would imply that the best possible error term in the refined Ratios Conjecture is

$O_\varepsilon (X^{-\frac 13+\varepsilon })$

. This is in opposition with all previously studied families in which the expected error in the Ratios Conjecture prediction for the one-level density is

$O_\varepsilon (X^{-\frac 12+\varepsilon })$

.