bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMPK regulates homeostasis of invasion and viability in trophoblasts by redirecting glucose metabolism: Implications for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Xu Ping , Zheng Yangxi , Liao Jiujiang , Hu Mingyu , Yang Yike , Zhang Baozhen , Kilby Mark D. , Fu Huijia , Liu Yamin , Zhang Fumei , Xiong Liling , Liu Xiyao , Jin Huili , Wu Yue , Huang Jiayu , Han Tingli , Wen Li , Gao Rufei , Fu Yong , Fan Xiujun , Qi Hongbo , Baker Philip N. , Tong Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPre‐eclampsia (PE) is deemed an ischemia‐induced metabolic disorder of the placenta due to defective invasion of trophoblasts during placentation; thus, the driving role of metabolism in PE pathogenesis is largely ignored. Since trophoblasts undergo substantial glycolysis, this study aimed to investigate its function and regulatory mechanism by AMPK in PE development. Metabolomics analysis of PE placentas was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Trophoblast‐specific AMPKα1‐deficient mouse placentas were generated to assess morphology. A mouse PE model was established by Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure, and placental AMPK was modulated by nanoparticle‐delivered A769662. Trophoblast glucose uptake was measured by 2‐NBDG and 2‐deoxy‐d‐[3H] glucose uptake assays. Cellular metabolism was investigated by the Seahorse assay and GC–MS.PE complicated trophoblasts are associated with AMPK hyperactivation due not to energy deficiency. Thereafter, AMPK activation during placentation exacerbated PE manifestations but alleviated cell death in the placenta. AMPK activation in trophoblasts contributed to GLUT3 translocation and subsequent glucose metabolism, which were redirected into gluconeogenesis, resulting in deposition of glycogen and accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvate; the latter enhanced viability but compromised trophoblast invasion. However, ablation of AMPK in the mouse placenta resulted in decreased glycogen deposition and structural malformation. These data reveal a novel homeostasis between invasiveness and viability in trophoblasts, which is mechanistically relevant for switching between the ‘go’ and ‘grow’ cellular programs.
Sleep scoring in rodents: Criteria, automatic approaches and outstanding issues
Authors: Rayan Abdelrahman , Agarwal Anjali , Samanta Anumita , Severijnen Eva , van der Meij Jacqueline , Genzel Lisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is nothing we spend as much time on in our lives as we do sleeping, which makes it even more surprising that we currently do not know why we need to sleep. Most of the research addressing this question is performed in rodents to allow for invasive, mechanistic approaches. However, in contrast to human sleep, we currently do not have shared and agreed upon standards on sleep states in rodents. In this article, we present an overview on sleep stages in humans and rodents and a historical perspective on the development of automatic sleep scoring systems in rodents. Further, we highlight specific issues in rodent sleep that also call into question some of the standards used in human sleep research.
Quantification of soil heterotrophic nitrification in 15N tracing and specific inhibitor approaches
Authors: Zhang Yi , Cai Zucong , Zhang Jinbo , Müller Christoph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo methodological approaches are commonly used to investigate heterotrophic nitrification (Nith) in soil: process inhibitions and 15N tracing. Although many studies have reported Nith based on 15N tracing approaches, estimates via specific inhibitor are less common. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to illustrate the similarities and differences of the results of soil Nith between the two approaches. We observed that the average result of gross Nith rate was significantly lower with the 15N tracing approach (1.32 mg N kg−1 day−1) than with the inhibitor approach (3.54 mg N kg−1 day−1) (p < 0.01). Possible explanations include incomplete inhibition of autotrophic nitrification (Nita) due to the adsorption of inhibitors on soil aggregates and the fact that the estimation of Nith via 15N tracing quantifies only the Nith fraction related to organic N oxidation. The results of linear‐mixed models indicated that soil C:N ratio had a significantly positive effect on the difference of Nith estimated via 15N tracing and inhibitor approach, which was also supported by the paired data between natural and C‐ and N‐ manipulated soil. The average contribution of Nith to total nitrification, estimated by the ratio of Nith:(Nith + Nita) or the capacity of NO2−/NO3− production when Nita was inhibited, in the two approaches were not significantly different (34% vs. 33%). While, soil C:N ratio also caused a significantly positive effect on the contribution of Nith to soil total nitrification (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the result of the relative contribution of Nith is less affected by approach than the result of gross Nith rate. In addition, soil C and N substrate availability is likely to be a critical factor affecting the estimation of soil Nith by the two approaches.Highlights
Process inhibitors and 15N tracing are two commonly used methods to quantify soil heterotrophic nitrification (Nith).
A meta‐analysis was carried out to compare the results of soil Nith between the two methods.
There was a significant difference of the rate of Nith estimated via the two methods, while the contribution of Nith to total nitrification was similar.
Soil C and N substrate appeared to influence the estimation of soil Nith via the two approaches.
Physical activity and brain health in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Herber Elena , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Coslovsky Michael , Schwendinger Fabian , Hennings Elisa , Gasser Andreas , Di Valentino Marcello , Rigamonti Elia , Reichlin Tobias , Rodondi Nicolas , Netzer Seraina , Beer Juerg H. , Stauber Annina , Müller Andreas , Ammann Peter , Sinnecker Tim , Duering Marco , Wuerfel Jens , Conen David , Kühne Michael , Osswald Stefan , Bonati Leo H. ,   for the SWISS‐AF Investigators
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeVascular brain lesions, such as ischemic infarcts, are common among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and are associated with impaired cognitive function. The role of physical activity (PA) in the prevalence of brain lesions and cognition in AF has not been investigated.MethodsPatients from the multicenter Swiss‐AF cohort study were included in this cross‐sectional analysis. We assessed regular exercise (RE; at least once weekly) and minutes of weekly PA using a validated questionnaire. We studied associations with ischemic infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and brain volume on brain magnetic resonance imaging and with global cognition measured with a cognitive construct (CoCo) score.ResultsAmong 1490 participants (mean age = 72 ± 9 years), 730 (49%) engaged in RE. In adjusted regression analyses, RE was associated with a lower prevalence of ischemic infarcts (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63–0.98, p = 0.03) and of moderate to severe white matter hyperintensities (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62–0.99, p = 0.04), higher brain volume (β‐coefficient = 10.73, 95% CI = 2.37–19.09, p = 0.01), and higher CoCo score (β‐coefficient = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.03–0.12, p < 0.001). Increasing weekly PA was associated with higher brain volume (β‐coefficient = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.65–2.15, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn AF patients, RE was associated with a lower prevalence of ischemic infarcts and of moderate to severe white matter disease, with larger brain volume, and with better cognitive performance. Prospective studies are needed to investigate whether these associations are causal. Until then, our findings suggest that patients with AF should be encouraged to remain physically active.
Mothering experiences in prison: Exploring distinctions between maternal and paternal caregiving arrangements
Authors: Wilson Amber , Koons‐Witt Barbara , Pasquire Nicola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe current study considers the mothering experiences of incarcerated women to identify important differences between maternal and paternal caregivers and explore how these arrangements influence mother–child relationships.BackgroundMany incarcerated mothers decide who will care for minor children in their absence, often depending on relatives to care for children. Researchers have not yet explored the differential experiences of incarcerated mothers whose children are cared for by maternal and paternal caregivers.MethodThis study uses semistructured interviews with incarcerated mothers. Researchers engaged in thematic and comparative analyses to identify differences in maternal and paternal mother–caregiver dyads.ResultsMothers whose children lived with maternal caregivers received support from caregivers and were afforded co‐parenting opportunities. In contrast, mothers whose children lived with paternal caregivers experienced limited information sharing and attempts to exclude them from parental decision‐making.ConclusionMothers highlighted the importance of their maternal mother–caregiver relationships, as well as their mother–child relationships. With less support from paternal caregivers, mothers depended on maternal relatives to serve as an intermediary or resigned themselves to temporarily suspending their maternal role.ImplicationsPrisons can promote positive mother–caregiver relationships by providing counseling and can support mother–child relationships through various contact programs. Parent educators can work with incarcerated mothers to identify maternal intermediaries, and formal agencies can target interventions to include maternal intermediaries and provide additional assistance to caregivers.
Identification of non‐neutralizing anti‐factor X autoantibodies in three Japanese cases of autoimmune acquired factor X deficiency
Authors: Souri Masayoshi , Osaki Tsukasa , Shimura Yuji , Ichikawa Satoshi , Mori Makiko , Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Ichinose Akitada 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionAutoimmune factor X (FX or F10) deficiency (AiF10D) is an extremely rare acquired haemorrhagic disorder characterized by a severe reduction in FX activity due to autoantibodies against FX.AimAnti‐FX autoantibodies were investigated in four patients with suspected AiF10D, and their properties were analysed.Methods and resultsAnti‐FX auto antibodies in plasma were detected by ELISA with three of four cases. One case of anti‐FX autoantibody negativity was later diagnosed as AL‐amyloidosis. IgG1 and IgG3 coexisted in all anti‐FX autoantibodies of the three patients with AiF10D (cases X1, X2, and X3). Western blot analysis showed that the antibodies were bound to the FX light chain for cases X2 and X3, but the binding was weak for case X1. When the fusion proteins of a secretory luciferase with full‐length FX or its γ‐carboxylated glutamic acid (Gla) domain were added to the plasma of the three patients, both fusion proteins were immunoprecipitated as antigen‐antibody complexes. Contrarily, the latter fusion protein produced in the presence of warfarin demonstrated a decrease in the collection rate, suggesting that their autoantibodies recognized the light chain and regions containing Gla residues. Since all three patients were essentially negative for FX inhibitors, it was concluded that the anti‐FX autoantibodies for these cases were predominantly non‐neutralizing. The concentration of the FX antigen also significantly reduced in these patients, suggesting that anti‐FX autoantibodies promote the clearance of FX.ConclusionImmunological anti‐FX autoantibody detection is highly recommended to ensure that AiF10D cases are not overlooked, and to start necessary immunosuppressive therapies.
Beneficial Effects of Maternal Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Fetal, Newborn, and Child Health: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Guinhouya Benjamin C. , Duclos Martine , Enea Carina , Storme Laurent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe objective of this work is to synthesize current knowledge about the effects of maternal physical activity during pregnancy on children's health. During the prenatal and postnatal periods, maternal physical activity has protective effects against the risks of macrosomia, obesity, and other associated cardiometabolic disorders. Even though longitudinal studies in humans are still necessary to validate them, these effects have been consistently observed in animal studies. A remarkable effect of maternal physical activity is its positive role on neurogenesis, language development, memory, and other cognitive functions related to learning.
Prevalence and correlates of methamphetamine use in transitional age youth experiencing homelessness or housing instability in San Francisco, CA
Authors: Leonard Adam , Broussard Janessa , Jain Jennifer , Kumar Shanil , Santos Glenn‐Milo , Dawson‐Rose Carol 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionSubstance use, including methamphetamine use, is a contributing factor in HIV acquisition and treatment. Stimulant use is linked to mental health yet there is limited data from youth in community‐based settings.DesignOne hundred marginally housed or homeless transitional age youth (TAY) were recruited at Larkin Street Youth Services and completed a survey on mental health and substance use.MethodsWe conducted secondary data analysis using multivariable logistic regression models to identify the correlates of methamphetamine use among TAY.ResultsThe participants’ mean age was 22. Of those who reported methamphetamine use in the past 3 months, 64% were Gay, Bisexual, or Pansexual. Factors independently associated with methamphetamine use were; living with HIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.18, 95% CI = 1.11–9.15), depressive symptoms (aOR = 6.02, 95% CI = 1.46–24.78), symptoms of PTSD (aOR = 13.38, 95% CI = 1.59–112.73), polysubstance use in the past 3 months (aOR = 50.02, 95% CI = 9.72–257.46) and a history of injection drug use (aOR = 8.38, 95% CI = 1.87–37.53).ConclusionsResults from this study suggest a need to develop, adapt, and rapidly implement comprehensive interventions that address the combined epidemics of substance use, HIV, and mental health among TAY.Clinical RelevanceThis article examines factors associated with methamphetamine use among transitional age youth (TAY) experiencing homelessness or housing instability. Several factors were associated with use, including depression, PTSD, HIV status, polysubstance use, and injection drug use. These findings highlight the need for nurses to assess for methamphetamine use among youth as well as associated mental health and physical health problems. Nurses should link TAY who are using methamphetamine to evidence‐based treatment programs to address substance use and comorbid conditions.
Faces of hunger: an intersectional approach to children's right to food in the United Kingdom
Authors: MORRIS KATIE 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores the extent to which the right to food is currently enjoyed by children within the United Kingdom (UK) using image analysis of the food parcels received by children eligible for free school meals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It argues that child food poverty serves as an illustration of the failings of neoliberalism in the UK context, which had already been observed prior to the pandemic in relation to the current Universal Credit system. The article adopts an intersectional approach, connecting the increased risk of food insecurity experienced by Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) children from low‐income backgrounds to the broader notions of racial capitalism and food oppression. It concludes by offering proposals to target inequalities and improve the realization of the right to food for all children in the UK, which could be adopted by other states to enhance the protection of children's right to food around the globe.
Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in children and adolescents in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Lindholm Daniel E , Whiteman Ida J , Oliver Jane , Cheung Michael M H , Hope Sarah A , Brizard Christian P , Horton Ari E , Sheridan Bennett , Hardy Myra , Osowicki Joshua , Steer Andrew C , Engelman Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AimTo describe the epidemiology and clinical profile of children and adolescents with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Victoria, Australia.MethodsA retrospective audit was undertaken of children and adolescents with ARF and RHD attending the Royal Children's and Monash Children's Hospitals in Victoria, Australia between 2010 and 2019. Potential cases were identified by searching multiple sources for relevant ICD‐10‐AM codes and keywords, then reviewed manually. For confirmed cases, we collected data on patient demographics, clinical features, comorbidities and management.ResultsOf 179 participants included, there were 108 Victorian residents and 71 non‐Victorian residents. 126 had at least one episode of ARF during the study period and 128 were diagnosed with RHD. In the Victorian resident group, the overall incidence of ARF was 0.8 per 100 000 5–14 year olds. This incidence was higher in Victorian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (3.8 per 100 000) and Pacific Islander (32.1 per 100 000) sub‐populations. Of 83 Victorian residents who had an ARF episode, 11 (13%) had a recurrence. Most Victorian residents with RHD had mixed aortic and mitral valve pathology (69.4%) and moderate to severe disease (61.9%). Most non‐Victorian residents were Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (80.3%) and were commonly transferred for tertiary or surgical management of RHD (83.1%).ConclusionsARF and RHD continue to affect the health of significant numbers of children and adolescents living in Victoria, including severe and recurrent disease. Specialised services and a register‐based control program may help to prevent complications and premature death.
A SEC61A1 variant is associated with autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease
Authors: Schlevogt Bernhard , Schlieper Vincent , Krader Jana , Schröter Rita , Wagner Thomas , Weiand Matthias , Zibert Andree , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Bergmann Carsten , Nedvetsky Pavel I. , Krahn Michael P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAutosomal dominant polycystic liver and kidney disease is a spectrum of hereditary diseases, which display disturbed function of primary cilia leading to cyst formation. In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease a genetic cause can be determined in almost all cases. However, in isolated polycystic liver disease (PLD) about half of all cases remain genetically unsolved, suggesting more, so far unidentified genes to be implicated in this disease.MethodsCustomized next‐generation sequencing was used to identify the underlying pathogenesis in two related patients with PLD. A variant identified in SEC61A1 was further analysed in immortalized patients' urine sediment cells and in an epithelial cell model.ResultsIn both patients, a heterozygous missense change (c.706C>T/p.Arg236Cys) was found in SEC61A1, which encodes for a subunit of the translocation machinery of protein biosynthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While kidney disease is absent in the proposita, her mother displays an atypical polycystic kidney phenotype with severe renal failure. In immortalized urine sediment cells, mutant SEC61A1 is expressed at reduced levels, resulting in decreased levels of polycystin‐2 (PC2). In an epithelial cell culture model, we found the proteasomal degradation of mutant SEC61A1 to be increased, whereas its localization to the ER is not affected.ConclusionsOur data expand the allelic and clinical spectrum for SEC61A1, adding PLD as a new and the major phenotypic trait in the family described. We further demonstrate that mutant SEC61A1 results in enhanced proteasomal degradation and impaired biosynthesis of PC2.
Rethinking inclusivity and justice agendas in restoration of urban ecological commons: A case study of Bangalore lakes
Authors: Sen Amrita , Nagendra Harini 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study analyses civic and community‐based initiatives in conserving urban ecological commons in India, which have been increasingly polluted, encroached upon and degraded because of rapid land‐use transformations. Bangalore, a city in south India, has one of the largest networks of manmade lakes, some of which are restored and managed by citizen groups, civil society, environmental activists and voluntary private bodies. The restoration process interfaces with urban policy making, shaping predominant management agendas in association with the State. Community initiatives in conserving the lakes are not only well‐organized, but also play a crucial role in making city commons vibrant and integral nodes of cultural and social identification. However, the contemporary management system involving citizen groups in lake conservation is largely at odds with the tradition of community‐managed lake systems previously existing in the city, which have eroded as the city became industrialized and increased in size and population, resulting in rapid landscape transformations. Against this background, the present study aims to illustrate that a seemingly representative community management of city ecologies is often embedded in an overwhelming political context. It also discusses the need for an urgent deconstruction to better understand how overtly flexible and dynamic restoration actions interact with inequality, power and conflicts. The results of the present study emphasize that the current participatory and community‐driven initiatives of ecological restoration in Indian cities unfortunately accord limited significance to the overarching questions of social justice and relations of power.
Treponema pallidum lipoprotein Tp0768 promotes the migration and adhesion of THP‐1 cells to vascular endothelial cells through stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and the NF‐κB/HIF‐1α pathway
Authors: Zhou Xiangping , Tang Yun , Cao Ting , Ning Lichang , Li Yumeng , Xie Xiaoping , Hu Yibao , He Bisha , Peng Binfeng , Liu Shuangquan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEndothelial cell injury is a key factor in the spread of infection and pathogenicity of Treponema pallidum. The migration and adhesion reaction mediated by T. pallidum lipoprotein plays an important role. This study aimed to systematically explore the migration and adhesion effect of T. pallidum lipoprotein Tp0768 and its molecular mechanism. Stimulating vascular endothelial cells with Tp0768 increased the expression of ICAM‐1, MCP‐1, and IL‐8. Moreover, it promoted the migration and adhesion of THP‐1 cells to vascular endothelial cells. Our results revealed that Tp0768 promoted the THP‐1 cells migrating and adhering to vascular endothelial cells by the PERK and IRE‐1α pathways of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We further demonstrated that the inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway and the downregulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) reduced the mRNA levels of ICAM‐1, MCP‐1, and IL‐8 induced by Tp0768. Also, the adhesion rate of THP‐1 cells to endothelial cells decreased. After inhibiting ER stress, NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation was weakened, and the mRNA level of HIF‐1α was also significantly downregulated. Our results indicated that T. pallidum lipoprotein Tp0768 promoted the migration and adhesion of THP‐1 cells to vascular endothelial cells through ER stress and NF‐κB/HIF‐1α pathway.